bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Preview on Subspace Clustering of High Dimensional Data
Authors: Nagi Sajid , Bhattacharyya Dhruba Kumar , Kalita Jugal K.
Published: May 2018

When clustering high dimensional data, traditional clustering methods are found to be lacking since they consider all of the dimensions of the dataset in discovering clusters whereas only some of the dimensions are relevant. This may give rise to subspaces within the dataset where clusters may be found. Using feature selection, we can remove irrelevant and redundant dimensions by analyzing the entire dataset. The problem of automatically identifying clusters that exist in multiple and maybe overlapping subspaces of high dimensional data, allowing better clustering of the data points, is known as Subspace Clustering. There are two major approaches to subspace clustering based on search strategy. Top-down algorithms find an initial clustering in the full set of dimensions and evaluate the subspaces of each cluster, iteratively improving the results. Bottom-up approaches start from finding low dimensional dense regions, and then use them to form clusters. Based on a survey on subspace clustering, we identify the challenges and issues involved with clustering gene expression data.
A Variable Step Size for Acoustic Echo Cancellation Using Normalized Sub band Adaptive Filter
Authors: Ojhla Harjeet Kaur , Talwar Dr. Rajneesh , Darekar Jyoti
Published: May 2018

Numerous various step size normalized least mean square (VSS-NLMS)Algorithms have been derived to solve the problem of fast convergence rate and low mean square error.Here we find out the ways to control the step size. A normalized subband adaptive filter algorithm uses a fixed and variable step size, which is chosen as a trade-off between the steady-state error and the convergence rate. A variable step size for normalized subband adaptive filter is derived by minimizing the mean-square deviation between the optimal weight vector and the estimated weight vector at each instant of time. The variable step size is presented in terms of error variance. Therefore, we verify thedifferentÂ  algorithmseither they are capable of tracking in stationary and non-stationary environments. The results show good tracking ability and low misalignment of the algorithm in system identification. Parameters are tracking, steady state errors, and misalignment, environment, step size.
Fuzzy in the Real World
Authors: Lehal Manpreet Singh
Published: May 2018

The Fuzzy Logic tool was introduced in 1965, by LotfiZadeh, and is a mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainty. It offers to a soft computing partnership the important concept of computing with words. It provides a technique to deal with imprecision and information granularity. Fuzzy Logic (FL) is a multi valued logic that allows intermediate values to be defined between conventional evaluations like true/false, yes/no, high/low, etc. Notions like rather tall or very fast can be formulated mathematically and processed by computers, in order to apply a more human like way of thinking in the programming of computers. Fuzzy Logic has emerged as a a profitable tool for the controlling and steering of systems and complex industrial processes, as well as for household and entertainment electronics, as well as for other expert systems and applications like the classification of SAR data.
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Based Election Results Prediction System
Authors: Kanwer Harmanjit Singh , Singh Dr. Gurdev , Bhatia Nitin
Published: May 2018

Prediction and forecast are common words in the area of election. It can also be related with word â€œopinion pollâ€. Although according to dictionary the meaning/definition of prediction is limited but practically prediction of election cannot be calculated under limited region. In general term, everybody is chipped with prediction. This relation may be direct or indirect. Prediction of weather, prediction about share market etc are few examples of prediction. Because of this, n numbers of predictions can be calculated. Are these accurate as compared to actual result? This is still a question having no suitable answer. To predict the result from election is again a wide concept. Majority of tools and models are there which are used to predict the result but still the area of social science or political science is not up to that level where others are. Due to its vague and imprecision, it is quite complex. The objective of this research is to design and develop a simple GUI model based upon FCM which can be used to calculate the prediction in the term of winning chances of a candidate before the actual result. The concept of fuzzy logic along with fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) is used to determine the relation between various input parameters. An accurate and simple GUI is designed for this proposed model.
Performance evaluation of conflict serializability against 2PL in Homogenous Distributed Database
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Kumar Mritunjay , Kumar Gulshan
Published: May 2018

There are many techniques in the recent years that provide the synchronization among the transactions using shared data like 2 phase locking protocol and time stamping in distributed database system. These techniques are efficient and provide fast transactional operations and serializable execution of the transactions. But these existing techniques like 2PL abort the transaction when a conflict occurs in transaction actions that result in degradation in the performance. In this dissertation we analyse the purposed techniques that provide the serial execution of the concurrent transactions. To achieve the serializability among the transactions in the distributed database Conflict serializability model is used that will provide serial execution of the transactions with in conflict actions of the transactions. The objectives of the scheme are achieved that provide the better performance than the existing 2PL schemes and achieve the consistency among the concurrent transaction execution. Performance is evaluated of CS model against the 2PL model in distributed database to sustain the synchronization in the transactions. Results illustrate that the proposed new scheme increase the performance by decreasing the abort rate in distributed environment.
Efficient Detection of SPAM messages and SPAM zombies in the Internet using Naïve-Bayesian and Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT)
Authors: Prasad K. Munivara , Reddy A. Rama Mohan , Rao K Venugopal
Published: May 2018

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that provides the communication to serve billions of users worldwide. Compromised machines in the internet allows the attackers to launch various security attacks such as DDoS, spamming, and identity theft. Compromised machines are the one of the major security threat on the internet. In this paper we address this issue by using NaÃ¯ve-Bayesian and SPRT to automatically identify compromised machines in a network. Spamming allows the attackers to recruit the large number of compromised machines to generate the SPAM messages by hiding the identity, these compromised machines commonly known as spam zombies. We used NaÃ¯ve-Bayesian and manual methods to detect the SPAM messages and used SPRT technique to identify the spam zombies from the SPAM messages. We proved that the NaÃ¯ve-Bayesian approach minimizes the error rate, false positives and false negatives compared to the manual approach in the process of detecting SPAM message. Our evaluation studies based on one day email trace collected in our organization network that shows NaÃ¯ve-Bayesian and SPRT are the effective and efficient systems in automatically detecting SPAM messages and compromised machines in a network.
A FRAME WORK FOR WEB INFORMATION EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS
Authors: Abburu Dr Sunitha , Babu G. Suresh
Published: May 2018

Day by day the volume of information availability in the web is growing significantly. There are several data structures for information available in the web such as structured, semi-structured and unstructured. Majority of information in the web is presented in web pages. The information presented in web pages is semi-structured.Â  But the information required for a context are scattered in different web documents. It is difficult to analyze the large volumes of semi-structured information presented in the web pages and to make decisions based on the analysis. The current research work proposed a frame work for a system that extracts information from various sources and prepares reports based on the knowledge built from the analysis. This simplifies Â data extraction, data consolidation, data analysis and decision making based on the information presented in the web pages.The proposed frame work integrates web crawling, information extraction and data mining technologies for better information analysis that helps in effective decision making.Â Â  It enables people and organizations to extract information from various sourses of web and to make an effective analysis on the extracted data for effective decision making.Â  The proposed frame work is applicable for any application domain. Manufacturing,sales,tourisum,e-learning are various application to menction few.The frame work is implemetnted and tested for the effectiveness of the proposed system and the results are promising.
Nand gate architectures for memory decoder
Authors: Jain Shivkaran , Chatterjee Arun Kr.
Published: May 2018

This paper presents some nand gate design styles which when used in decoder reduces energy consumption and delay. Basically conventional, nor style nand, source coupled nand is discussed. The three designs conventional, nor style nand, source coupled nand, ranges in area, speed and power. In nor style nand transistors are added in parallel so high fan-in is obtained and logical effort is reduced. In source coupled nand number of transistors are reduced it give speed of operation compared to an inverter. When simulated and compared it is found that nor style nand is 35% faster and 67 % more power efficient than conventional. Source coupled nand is found to be 36% faster and 82% more power efficient than conventional nand gate.
A Survey of Mining Association Rules Using Constraints
Authors: Mashoria Varsha , Singh Dr. Anju
Published: May 2018

As we all know that association rule is used to find out the rules that are associated with the items present in the database that satisfy user specified support and confidence. There are many algorithms for mining association rules. For improving efficiency and effectiveness of mining task. Constraints based mining enable users to concentrate on mining interested association rules instead of the complete set of association rule.â€The constraints can be defined as the condition that a pattern has to satisfy â€ . This paper provides or gives the major advancement in the approaches for association rule mining using different constraints.
Logical Circuits for Extended Content Matching in Hardware Based NIDPS
Authors: Georgiev Dejan , Tentov Aristotel
Published: May 2018

In this paper we present logical circuits for efficient detection of rolled out contents. As network speed increases and security mattersÂ  there is a demand for implementation of hardware based Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (NIDPS). On the other hand hardware based NIDPS are lacking the flexibility of detection of so named "evasion" techniques. Here we present simple but efficient enhancement to content matching in hardware with minimal basic memory elements (flip-flops) used.
Segmentation of Handwritten Text Document Written in Devanagri Script for Simple character, skewed character and broken character
Authors: Rani Vneeta , Laxmi Dr.Vijay
Published: May 2018

OCR (optical character recognition) is a technology that is commonly used for recognizing patterns artificial intelligence & computer machine. With the help of OCR we can convert scanned document into editable documents which can be further used in various research areas. In this paper, we are presenting a character segmentation technique that can segment simple characters, skewed characters as well as broken characters. Character segmentation is very important phase in any OCR process because output of this phase will be served as input to various other phase like character recognition phase etc. If there is some problem in character segmentation phase then recognition of the corresponding character is very difficult or nearly impossible.
A New Approach of Location Based Routing in MANETs
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Gaur PK , Verma Lal Pratap
Published: May 2018

The highly dynamic nature of MANETs results in frequent and unpredictable changes in the network topology, which add to the difficulty and complexity to routing among the mobile nodes within the network. Thus, establishing communication among mobile nodes is a great challenge in itself, resulting in network overloading & discarding of data packets. Nodes can change position quite frequently, which means we need a routing protocol that quickly adapts to the topology changes which is our objective. Â In this paper focus has been put on the strategy to address the packet drop ratio which is an integral and important factor of communication in MANETs by minimizing the request zone. In Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks, as the coverage area increases the packet drop ratio also increases which degrades the network performance and Quality of Service (QOS).Location Aware Routing Â will be used as a base protocol for the proposed work which is a class of Reactive protocol to design optimized routing algorithm.
On the Performance of PF, MLWDF and EXP/PF algorithms in LTE
Authors: Jaradat Huthaifa Al , Sandrasegaran Kumbesan
Published: May 2018

This paper explores the performance of three packet scheduling algorithms, namely, Proportional Fair (PF) algorithm, Exponential/Proportional Fair (EXP/PF) algorithm and Maximum Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF), from the real time traffic perspectives. Simulation results showed that in the downlink of the 3GPP LTE system, the MLWDF outperforms the PF and the EXP/PF algorithms in terms of packet throughput, packet-loss ratio, packet latency, fairness index and total cell spectral efficiency.
Investigation of Mobility Model Against Reactive Routing Protocols in MANETs
Authors: Bajaj Shruti , Singh Er. Rajdeep , Kakkar Er. Parveen
Published: May 2018

Ad-hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes which dynamically form a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. It may connect hundreds to thousands of mobile nodes. The mobile nodes communicate directly with each other without the aid of access points. They form an arbitrary topology, where the routers are free to move randomly and arrange themselves as required. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of mobility models on the performance of three MANET on-demand reactive routing protocols: AODV, DSR and DYMO. The mobility models that are used in this work are: Random Waypoint mobility model and Group mobility model. The performance differentials are analyzed using varying network size, varying pause time, and varying velocity. We used Qual-Net [18] from scalable networks for the simulation purpose. The performance analysis is based on different network metrics such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, average end â€“to â€“end delay and average jitter.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL REACTION ON MHD FLOW OF A VISCO-ELASTIC (WALTER'S LIQUID MODEL-B) FLUID THROUGH POROUS MEDIUM WITH HEAT SOURCE
Authors: Chaturvedi Ruchi , Shrivatav Dr.R.K. , Ahemad Dr.Mohd Salim
Published: May 2018

In this paper we have studied and discussed the problem of unsteady flow of a visco-elastic (walterâ€™s liquid model B) fluid through porous medium in presence of a heat source and a uniform magnetic field with effect of chemical reaction parameter. The effect of chemical reaction parameter g, porous parameter K and magnetic parameter on fluid velocity, temperature and concentration with respect to vertical axis Y and time t are discussed graphically.
Advance Neighbor Embedding for Image Super Resolution
Authors: Sachin D Dr. Ruikar , Tushar D Mr. Wadhavane
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the Advance Neighbor embedding (ANE) method for image super resolution. The assumption of the neighbor-embedding (NE) algorithm for single-image super-resolution Reconstruction is that the feature spaces are locally isometric of low-resolution and high-resolution Patches. But, this is not true for Super Resolution because of one to many mappings between Low Resolution and High Resolution patches. Advance NE method minimize the problem occurred in NE using combine learning technique used to train two projection matrices simultaneously and to map the original Low Resolution and High Resolution feature spaces onto a unified feature subspace. The Reconstruction weights of k- Nearest neighbour of Low Resolution image patches is found by performing operation on those Low Resolution patches in unified feature space. Combine learning use a coupled constraint by linking the LRâ€“HR counterparts together with the k-nearest grouping patch pairs to handle a large number of samples. So, Advance neighbour embedding method gives better resolution than NE method
COLOR MEDICAL IMAGE COMPRESSED USING QUINCUNX WAVELETS AND SPIHT CODING
Authors: Hacene Ismail Boukli , Beladgham Mohamed , Bessaid Abdelhafid
Published: May 2018

In the field of medical diagnostics, interested parties have resorted increasingly to color medical imaging. It is well established that the accuracy and completeness of diagnosis are initially connected with the image quality, but the quality of the image is itself dependent on a number of factors including primarily the processing that an image must undergo to enhance its quality. This paper introduces an algorithm for color medical image compression based on the quincunx wavelets coupled with SPÃHT coding algorithm.Â  In order to enhance the compression by our algorithm, we have compared the results obtained with those of other methods containing wavelet transforms. For this reason, we evaluated two parameters known for their calculation speed. The first parameter is the PSNR; the second is MSSIM (structural similarity) to measure the quality of compressed image. The results are very satisfactory regarding compression ratio, and the computation time and quality of the compressed image compared to those of traditional methods.
An Efficient Fuzzy Technique for Detection of Brain Tumor
Authors: Sirisha P.G.K. , Raju C. Naga , Reddy R. Pradeep Kumar
Published: May 2018

Â  Â In this epoch Medical Image segmentation is one of the most challenging problems in the research field of MRI scan image classification and analysis. The importance of image segmentation is to identify various features of the image that are used for analyzing, interpreting and understanding of images. Image segmentation for MRI of brain is highly essential due to accurate detection of brain tumor. This paper presents an efficient image segmentation technique that can be used for detection of tumor in the Brain. This innovative method consists of three steps. First is Image enhancement to improve the quality of the tumor image by eliminating noise and to normalize the image. Second is fuzzy logic which produce optimal threshold to avoid the fuzziness in the image and makes good regions regarding Image and tumor part of the Image. Third is novel OTSU technique applied for separating the tumor regions in the MRI. This method has produced better results than traditional extended OTSU method.
Continuous & Piecewise Convex Behavior Of Maximum Values Of Some Generalized Measures Of Fuzzy Cross Entropy.
Authors: Gandhi C.P.
Published: May 2018

Consider two fuzzy sets A and B with same supporting points and the corresponding fuzzy vectors and  respectively, where each can vary subject to the total fuzziness and each is known to us .In this paper, a comprehensive and straightforward procedure is made available to find the maximum values of some existing measures of generalized fuzzy cross entropy. Further, the continuous and piecewise convex behavior of the values so obtained is also discussed mathematically as well as graphically. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed method.
A Review of Cluster Oriented Ensemble Classifier for Improving Performance of Stream Data Classification
Authors: Gupta Richa , Gupta Hitesh
Published: May 2018

Ensemble classification technique is great advantage over conventional classifier such as statistical, binary and neural network classifier. Ensemble technique improves the performance of other classifier with some valid constraints. In the improvement of ensemble classifier cluster play important role for data grouping before classification. Cluster oriented ensemble classifier maintain and control the diversity of data during classification process. The diversity of cluster oriented ensemble classifier implied in stream data classification. Stream data classification is critical task due to diversity of data. The critical task of diversity such as infinite population, data drift and feature evaluation technique is overcome through ensemble classifier. Various author proposed a method for stream data classification using ensemble technique. In this paper we give the review of ensemble technique used in stream data classification with clustering technique.
Similarity Measurement in the Hybrid of Semantic Web Search Engine
Authors: Abdullah Noryusliza , Ibrahim Rosziati
Published: May 2018

Semantic Web approach with the assistance of ontology is widely used to give more reliable application in retrieving information and knowledge.Â  It is capable to discover the World Wide Web (WWW) that is presented in natural-language text.Â  Based on previous research, incorporating categorization with ontology concept has proven to give better results.Â  However, performing hybrid of the search engine using another technique that is user profiling has a promising potency in enhancing the searching process.Â  Utilizing searching time and giving relevant results are the contributions of this research.Â  The proposed hybrid techniques integrate ontologies, categorization and user profiling concept.Â  In user profiling, similarity measure is adopted in making comparison between two different ontologies.Â  WordNet and UTHM Onto are the independent ontologies used in this process.Â  The preliminary experimental results have given interesting results in terms of data arrangement and time usage.
Comparing the impact of Clustering with Content Based Image Retrieval Approaches for Plant Identification
Authors: Asrani Komal , Jain Renu
Published: May 2018

Contour Based retrieval of images is an active and challenging field of research. Â Among various parameters available for contour based image retrieval, shape is considered an important aspect because it is closest to the human perception. Most of the shape based image retrieval methods require large processing time for generating accurate results due to huge database. To reduce the search time, we have divided the database into clusters on the basis of eccentricity of leaf using K-Means approach. After making the clusters, different contour based approaches are applied for leaf/plant identification and results are compared. Â The leaf image is processed to generate feature vectors which are stored in database. Â We have used Swedish leaf image database (SLID) consisting of 15 species with 75 leaves per class and total of 1125 leaf images. In this paper, we compare results of contour based retrieval approaches with and without clustering. From these results, it is found that by incorporating clustering, performance of contour based retrieval approaches remains same but retrieval time is reduced.
An Offline SEO (Search Engine Optimization) Based Algorithm to Calculate Web Page Rank According to Different Parameters
Authors: Rani Parveen , Singh Er. Sukhpreet
Published: May 2018

SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization. It is a technique that searches various web pages for specified keywords and ranks these Web pages according to some parameters. They are used to feed pages to search engines. Â The main importance of SEO is that it helps to find the relevant data and increase the rank of a webpage in search enginesâ€™ results. In our paper, we develop a new algorithm M-HITS (Modified HITS) to provide the page rank. M-HITS Algorithm is a new version of HITS algorithm. It is developed by extending the properties of HITS algorithm.
4G over 3G Mobile Broadband Speed Improvements on Smartphones from End Users Perspective
Authors: Ali Mubashir
Published: May 2018

Mobile & wireless communication has been one of the hottest thing and developing extremely fast in present times, thanks to the advances of technology in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. It has not been a long time that 4th generation of mobile networks i.e. 4G, is introduced. Since then, there has been hype all around regarding the numerous advantages of 4G and that, it is better than 3G. This paper will discuss the uses of mobile broadband on smartphones; compare the data speeds of 3G and 4G and how the speed improvement of 4G over 3G makes not much of a difference to an end user using internet on smart phones / mobile phones.
Research into a timetable forming tool for final classes
Authors: PupeikienÄ— Lina , Rybokas Mindaugas
Published: May 2018

In this paper a high-school timetable forming tool is described. Commercial products and software for this problem solving are compared. The problems of timetable forming are analyzed. A decision for initial data computing is described. A new tool for computing problems solution is described. The results of this tool are analyzed.
On the Cloud Web services: A Review
Authors: Okoro R. , Idowu S.A.
Published: May 2018

Cloud Computing is a constantly evolving IT generic term used to refer to various IT solutions and services provided via the internet. Precisely, cloud computing can be said to be Â theÂ  delivery of scalable IT resources over the Internet, as opposed to hosting and operating those resources locally; these resources can include applications and services, as well as the infrastructure on which they operate (EDUCAUSE 2009). So instead of spending money on applications and hardware, individuals and businesses have access to same resources without the commitment of ownership to vendors who provide on-demand services such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM), off-site storage, hosted email solutions, secure web portals, etc. Despite some seemingly security challenges that confront total adoption of Cloud computing by business organizations and educational institutions, the benefits of using services provided by Cloud technology still outweigh the perceived challenges. It is the aim of this paper to present an expository review of services that can run on the cloud thereby providing excellent opportunities for business groups and academics institutions. The paper also provides a contribution to the propagation of the adoption of cloud technology.
Cloud based Cost Effective Resource Allocation Model for Software-as-a-service Deployments
Authors: Cheema Ibrahim A. , Ahmad Mudassar , Jan Fahad , Asadi Shahla
Published: May 2018

The Cloud Computing (CC) provides access to the resources with usage based payments model. The application service providers can seamlessly scale the services. In CC infrastructure, a different number of virtual machine instances can be created depending on the application requirements. The capability to scale Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) application is very attractive to the providers because of the potential to scale application resources to up or down, the user only pay for the resources required. Even though the large-scale applications are deployed on cloud infrastructures on pay-per-use basis, the cost of idle resources (memory, CPU) is still charged to application providers. The issues of saturation and wastage of cloud resources are still unresolved. This paper attempts to propose the resource allocation models for SaaS applications deployments over CC platforms. The best balanced resource allocation model is proposed keeping in view cost and user requirements.
STUDY OF INCREASE IN GLOBAL COMPONENTS IN HYBRID WAVELETS ON DATA COMPRESSION
Authors: Kekre Dr. H.B. , Sarode Dr.Tanuja , Natu Prachi
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a hybrid wavelet transform technique which studies the effect of global components on the quality of image compression. Hybrid wavelet transform is generated using two different component orthogonal transforms. One orthogonal transform represents global featuresof image in betterway and another is used to represent local features. Walsh transform of size 8x8 is used as a base transform i.e. to represent global characteristics of image. Other transforms like DCT, Discrete Real Fourier Transform,DiscreteHartley transform (DHT), Discrete Sine Transform (DST), Discrete Kekre Transform (DKT) and Slant transform of size 32x32 are used to focus on local characteristics of an image.256x256 hybrid wavelet transform is generated and multiple iterations of global components are included using columns of base transform and its effect on reconstructed image quality is observed in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Â From the experiments it has been observed that when DCT is used to extract local features, best results are obtained among all combinations with Walsh transform. These results are also compared with Walsh transform and observed to be much superior at higher compression ratios giving better image quality.
Performance Of Modified Cosh Window Function
Authors: Jain Shruti , Verma Dinesh Kumar
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of modified Cosh window function.A new parameter has been proposed to the previous 2-parameter Cosh window to improve its spectral characteristics in terms of ripple-ratio and transition width.It is observed by several iterations that by increasing the values of new parameter so proposed there is a significant variation in ripple ratio and transition width of the window spectrum.By the suitable combination of two parameters of the proposed window function, an optimum modified Cosh window is derived for N=51 and N=101.Optimum window provides better spectral characteristics. This modified window has applications in digital FIR designing, image processing as it provides better minimum stop band attenuation and contrast ratio respectively.An example has been taken to show the better performance of the proposed window for FIR filter designing for specified requirements.
Performance Comparison of Wavelets Generated from Four Different Orthogonal Transforms for Watermarking With Various Attacks
Authors: Kekre H. B. , Sarode Tanuja , Natu Shachi
Published: May 2018

This paper proposes a watermarking technique using different orthogonal wavelet transforms like Hartley wavelet, Kekrewavelet, Slant wavelet and Real Fourier wavelet transform generated from corresponding orthogonal transform. Theseorthogonal wavelet transforms have been generated using different sizes of component orthogonal transform matrices.For example 256*256 size orthogonal wavelet transform can be generated using 128*128 and 2*2 size componentorthogonal transform. It can also be generated using 64*64 and 4*4, 32*32 and 8*8, 16*16 and 16*16 size componentorthogonal transform matrices. In this paper the focus is to compare the performance of above mentioned transformsgenerated using 128*128 and 2*2 size component orthogonal transform and 64*64 and 4*4 size component orthogonaltransform in digital image watermarking. The other two combinations are not considered as their performance iscomparatively not as good. Comparison shows that wavelet transforms generated using (128,2) combination of orthogonalÂ transform give better performances than wavelet transforms generated using (64,4) combination of orthogonaltransformfor contrast stretching, cropping, Gaussian noise, histogram equalization and resizing attacks. Real Fourierwavelet and Slant wavelet prove to be better for histogram equalization and resizing attack respectively than DCT waveletand Walsh wavelet based watermarking presented in previous work.
Localization of Sensor Nodes using Flooding in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Madagouda Basavaraj K , Patil Varsha M , Godse Pradnya
Published: May 2018

The accuracy of localization is a significant criterion to evaluate the practical utility of localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In mostly localization algorithms, one of the main methods to improve localization accuracy is to increase the number of anchor nodes. But the number of anchor nodes is always limited because of the hardware restrict, such as cost, energy consumption and so on. In this paper, we propose a novel which uses forwarding a query message in flooding technique for localization using anchor nodes and once a node localized it acts as virtual anchor node and it helps to localize remaining sensor nodes. It is scheme to increase and upgrade the virtual anchor nodes, while the real number of physical anchors is the same as before.
COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY OF APM AND MNO2 BY PHOTOCATALYTICAL DEGRADATION OF AZURE-B BASED ON QUALITY PARAMETER MODIFICATION
Authors: Jakar Swati , Chaturvedi Ramakant , Sharma Mohan Kumar
Published: May 2018

This paper describes the comparison of photocatalytical activity of Ammonium Phosphomolybdate(APM) and Manganese(IV) Oxide  forphotocatalytic degradation of Azure-B. This study is based on modificationsin quality parameters which take place during optimum photocatalytic degradation of Azure-B contaminated water using two hetrocatalystAmmonium Phosphomolybdate and Manganese(IV) Oxide separately. Various quality parameterslike pH, Alkalinity, Hardness, COD, BOD, DO, Conductivity, Salinity, TDS, and Concentration of  Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl-, F-, NO3-, SO4-2 and turbidity were used for comparison.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Infrared Spectroscopy of a novel hydronium trihydrate hybrid compound: (C6H22N4)2H9O4CdCl6CdCl5Cl2
Authors: Glaoui Maroua El , MI Jin-Xiao , Pereira da Silva Pedro Sidonio , Lefebvre Frédéric , Silva Manuela Ramos , Nasr Chérif Ben
Published: May 2018

A 0-dimensional (0D) hybrid compound, (C6H22N4)2H9O4CdCl6CdCl5Cl2 has been prepared by a facile conventional evaporation method. The crystal packing of discrete constituents of [Cd(1)Cl6] octahedra, [Cd(2)Cl5] trigonal bipyramids, Cl– ions, protonated tris(2-aminoethyl)amine molecules ([(C2H7N)3NH]4+) and H9O4+ ions, is stabilized by diverse hydrogen bonds of N-H···Cl, C-H···Cl and C-H···O. Uncommonly, an isolated chlorine ion (i.e. Cl(4)) is fixed at a special position at 12c(3.) by hydrogen bonds from four surrounding hydrogen atoms at a trigonal pyramidal configuration whereas other chlorine atoms Cl(1), Cl(2) and Cl(3) are stabilized by hydrogen bonds from 2, 2 and 3 hydrogen atoms at bifurcated, linear and trigonal configurations, respectively. The ordered arrangement of [Cl(4) [Cl(4)···H4] trigonal pyramidal configuration upward or downward is responsible for the long c-axis of the title compound. Additionally, a H9O4+ ion is entangled with symmetry restriction and half occupancy. All these features of the title compound add our new knowledge about hydrogen bonds.
EX-SITU PREPARED NAFION–IONIC LIQUID COATED MERCURY FILM ELECTRODE FOR ADSORPTIVE STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY OF LEAD IN THE PRESENCE OF AMARANTH
Authors: Nagles Edgar Orlando , Arancibia Verónica
Published: May 2018

Nafion combined with ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIM]F3MSO3) coated with mercury film (NLIHgFE) on a glassy carbon electrode modified allow  the determine Pb(II)  by adsorptive stripping voltammetry in the presence of Amaranth (Am).  Properties of the NLIHgFE were characterized    by square wave without and in the presence of other ionic liquid´s with different anion where ([EMIM]F3MSO3) showed to be more convenient in the determination the lead compared with other ionics liquids with smaller anions.     pH 2.6 with buffer Britton-Robinson the complex Am-Pb  was accumulated  by adsorption on surface of the working electrode at -0.3 V by 80 s.  and later reduce at negative potential by square wave and current peak appeared at -0.51 V earmarked to the reduction of lead in the complex. The linear calibration curves with ranged from 0.9–12.0 µgL–1 for Pb(II). The detection limits (3s) were estimated to be around 0.4 µgL–1 to Pb(II) . The relative standard deviations were 2.0 % at the 4.9 µg L–1 level of Pb(II)  with 80 s of accumulation (n=7). Other optimal conditions were  (CAm 0.77 µmol L–1; Eads –0.3 V; Frecuency 15 Hz and Amplitud pulse 25 mV). The methods were validated using reference material  waste waters (SPS–WW1). Finally, the method was successfully applied to the determination of Pb(II) in tap water after UV digestion.
Poly (4-vinylpyridine) and polyaniline: As efficient and commercial available basic catalysts for the synthesis of N-amino-2-pyridones under thermal conditions or microwave irradiation
Authors: Mokhtari Tayebeh Sattaei , Sheibani Hassan , Amrollahi Mohammad Ali , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah
Published: May 2018

Poly (4-vinylpyridine) and polyaniline as highly effective base catalysts have catalyzed the three-component reaction of an appropriate aldehyde, cyanoacetic acid hydrazide and malononitrile to prepare of the corresponding N-amino-2-pyridone derivatives. These reactions occur in ethanol at reflux or under microwave heating, in the presence of the base catalysts, are inexpensive and easily obtained with consistent activity.
Conservative liquids based on synthetic petroleum acids salts and aliphatic nitro-compounds
Authors: Abbasov V.M. , Aliyeva L.I. , Gasanov E.K. , Aghazade Y. J. , Rzayeva N. Sh.
Published: May 2018

Synthetic oil acids (SOA) salts and nitroderivatives of high olefins C14 as oil-soluble corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in various mediums was synthesized. On the bases of turbine oil T-30 was prepared composition of conservative liquid and investigated their properties. The best result for the conservation liquids were obtained with Co-salt of SOA and nitroderivatives of α-olefins of C14. Protection period in sea water was 103 days, in hydrocamber was 206 days.
Synthesis and crystal structure of N1-tosylacetylamidrazone
Authors: Hamzaoui Salwa , Salah Bochra Ben , Rekik Awatef , Kossentini Mohamed
Published: May 2018

The condensation of two molar equivalents of N1-tosylhydrazonate 1 with one molar equivalent of 1,2-diaminoethane give birth to amidrazone in good yields. The structure of the synthesized compound was identified by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance.
Performances of nanofiltration on industrial phosphoric acid purification
Authors: Nasri Hassen , Ben Amar Raja
Published: May 2018

Phosphoric acid production is of major importance to the Tunisian economy. However, the quality produced is not suitable for other than agricultural use due to mineral and organic impurities. In this study, the purification of industrial phosphoric acid with a maximum P2O5 concentration of 25% was achieved by nanofiltration.  Six solutions of different P2O5 concentration were used. The removal of organic (total carbon) and inorganic impurities such as magnesium, iron, chrome, zinc, cadmium and vanadium, were studied.The performances of nanofiltration (NF) Nadir NP 30 membrane were determined in terms of permeate flux and P2O5 and impurities retention taking into account the effect of transmembrane pressure, P2O5 concentration and membrane prea-treatment by purified phosphoric acid solution.Results showed that for the industrial 25% P2O5 acid solution, the use of NF membrane achieved a retention of 87.35%, 86.73%, 87.57%, 78.41% and 73.17%, respectively, for iron, aluminum, chrome, magnesium, vanadium and organic matter (kerogen and humic acids) under a pressure of 20 bar. P2O5 permeation increased with the increase of its concentration in the acidic feed solution. The best permeation is provided by 25% P2O5 feeding acid solution which is of almost 98%.
Correlation between the ionic conductivity and the relaxation mechanisms during the 436 K- transition in nitrate salt RbNO3: analysis by impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Hammami Khaled , Mhiri Taher , Le Goff Xavier , JARRAYA Khaled
Published: May 2018

The measurements of the complex impedance Z*, the conductivity σ, the dielectric permittivity ε’r, and the complex modulus M* were carried out on the RbNO3 compound at frequencies ranging between 1 and 106 Hz. In fact, the conductivity follows the Arrhenius law in the different temperature ranges σT = σ0exp (-ΔEσ/kT). Actually, the resulting curve shows an anomaly between 425 and 436 K and a sudden increase in conductivity to 436 K causing σ to pass from 1.6x10-6 Ω-1.cm-1 to 9.3x10-5 Ω-1.cm-1. This behavior clearly confirms the ionic character of the phase transition at this temperature. The main objective of this research study is to show the correlation between the ionic conductivity and the relaxation mechanisms during this transition.
Preparation and Characterization of bis (4-methoxyanilinium) tetrachlorozincate
Authors: Rahmouni H. , Sta W. Smirani , Rzaigui M.
Published: May 2018

A new zinc complex of formula [C7H10NO]2 ZnCl4 has been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction,  IR and UV-Visible spectroscopies. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a minimal tetrahedral distortion of the ZnCl42- ion and with lattice parameters: a =12.054 (2) Å, b =7.129 (3) Å, c =23.480 (2) Å, β = 100.67 (2)°, V = 1983.03 (1) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R = 0.080 and RW = 0.227 with 9611 independent reflections. It can be described by organic layers of p-anisidinium cations held together by C-H…O hydrogen bonds parallel to (010) plane, linked to the inorganic groups of ZnCl42- anions through N-H…Cl hydrogen bonds, electrostatic and Van Der Waals interactions, to form a three-dimensional network.
Extraction-Spectrophotometric Studies on the Complex Formation of Iron(III) with 4-(2-Thiazolylazo)Resorcinol and Tetrazolium Salts
Authors: Gavazov Kiril Blazhev , Stefanova Teodora S. , Toncheva Galya K.
Published: May 2018

Four liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic systems containing Fe(III), 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (TAR), tetrazolium salt (TZS), water and chloroform were studied. 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 3-(2-naphtyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TV), and 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (INT) were the examined TZSs. Optimization experiments for iron extraction were performed and the following parameters were found for each system: pH(opt), CTAR(opt), CTZS(opt), shaking time (opt), and l(opt). Under the optimum conditions, the molar ratio of the reacting Fe(III), TAR and TZS is 1:2:2 and the general formula of the extracted species is (TZ+)2[FeII(TAR2–)2]. Some equilibrium constants (constants of association, constants of distribution, and constants of extraction) and analytical characteristics (molar absorptivities, Sandell’s sensitivities, Beer’s law limits, etc.) were calculated. Linear relationships involving the molecular mass of TZ+ were discussed.
RECYCLED POLYETHYLENE BONDED PARTICLE BOARD FROM PULPED AND UNPULPED GMELINA ARBOREA SAW DUST WASTES
Authors: Ogunsile B. O. , Saheed R.
Published: May 2018

Particle boards were prepared from saw dust wastes obtained from Gmelina aborea using polyethylene as binder. The boards were produced under three different compositional variables, namely: particles sizes (1 µm, 1.5 µm and 2 µm), densities (450kg/m3, 550 kg/m3 and 650 kg/m3) and mixing ratios ofsaw dust to polyethylene (30:70, 40:60 and 50:50). Part of the saw dust samples were chemically modified by pulping with caustic soda at 110oC and the effect of modification was examined on the physical and mechanical properties of the particle boards. The results showed that the chemically modified particle boards showed improved resistance to swelling and water absorption while a decrease was observed in the values of the modulus of rupture and elasticity.
Activity and stability of immobilized Candida rugosa lipase on chitosan coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles in aqueous and organic media
Authors: Abd-Elhakeem Mohamed A. , Elsayed Ahmed M. , Alkhulaqi Taher A.
Published: May 2018

Fe3O4 (magnetite) nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation method, coated by chitosan and functionalized by glutaraldehyde. Lipase enzyme from Candida rugosa was immobilized on the prepared particles via cross linking reaction. Synthesis steps and characterization were examined by XRD, TEM, and FTIR. 

The immobilization conditions were 10 mL of phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.5) containing 30 mg of  functionalized magnetic chitosan nanoparticles and 2.0 mg·mL-1 of lipase, immobilization temperature of 4 ℃ and immobilization time of 1 h. Under these conditions, lipase was successfully immobilized with loading capacity of 87 mg/g.

The immobilized enzyme showed good operational and storage stability, where it remained stable after 30 days of storage at 4◦C.and retained about 61% of its initial activity after twenty repeated uses. Finally enzymatic catalyze synthesis of butyl and hexyl oleate at 40 ◦C with shaking (200 rpm) was realized in n-hexane and confirmed by GC analysis.
SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF SOME NEW MORPHOLINYLPYRROLYL TETRAHYDROTHIENO[2,3-c] ISOQUINOLINE
Authors: Zaki Remon Melad , Kamal El-Dean Adel M. , Radwan Shaban M.
Published: May 2018

Hydrazinolysis of ethyl-5-morpholin-4-yl-1-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]iso- quinoline-2-carboxylate  afforded the corresponding carbo- hydrazide which upon condensation with aromatic aldehydes, acetyl acetone and/ or carbon disulfide gave N- arylidinecarbohydrazide, dimethylpyrazolyl methanone, [1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-thiol and its ethyl ester derivatives respectively. Diazotization of the carbohydrazide with nitrous acid afforded the corresponding carboazide which was used for synthesis of carbamates and substituted carboxamides. Boiling of the carboazide in dry xylene afforded the pyrazinone compound which was used for synthesis of other heterocycles containing pyrrolopyrazinothinoisoquinoline moeity.
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DETERMINATION OF METOPROLOL ENANTIOMERS IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: Magiera Sylwia , Adolf PhD Weronika , Baranowska Prof. Irena
Published: May 2018

A novel high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FL) method for determination of metoprolol enantiomers in a pharmaceutical formulation was developed and validated. This study investigated the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of metoprolol from commercial tablets using methanol as extraction solvent. The separation of enantiomers was successfully carried out with a CHIRALCEL OD-RH column, under isocratic elution mode using 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid and 0.05% diethylamine in water and acetonitrile (80:20, v/v).The chromatographic method was validated in terms of precision, accuracy, detection and quantification limits, linearity and recovery. Calibration curves were linear in the investigated range with correlation coefficient better than 0.9931 while the limit of quantifications was 0.19 µg mL-1 for S(–)-MET and 0.23 µg mL-1 for R(+)-MET. The mean recovery of S(–)-MET and R(+)-MET from tablets were found to be 78.8% and 92.1%, respectively.This method for the direct determination and quantification of metoprolol enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations is suitable for routine analyses in quality control laboratories and was applied to evaluate for the first time, the presence and the quantities of cited analytes in commercially available formulation.