bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family Literacy Night: A Student-Centered Clinically Rich Experience for Teacher Candidates in Literacy and TESOL
Authors: Hilliker Shannon M. , Washburn Erin K.
Published: February 2020

This article aims to share a collaboration between TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) and Literacy professionals to provide a family literacy night for multi-language learners after school at the elementary level. First, a review of research that highlights the important factors to the collaboration is outlined. This is followed by a description of the university–school partnership that was designed to be an opportunity for TESOL and Literacy teacher candidates to collaborate with one another, practicing English as a New Language teachers, and children and families of multi-language learners. The article concludes with an overview of challenges encountered in the collaborative process.
Production cost optimization of enzyme washing for indigo dyed cotton denim by combining Kriging surrogate with differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Xu Jie , He Zhenglei , Li Sheng , Ke Wenbo
Published: February 2020

The enzyme washing process is extensively applied in the industrial production of denim garments. The process parameters of enzyme washing have significant effects on washing performances and costs. Since the relationships between the process parameters and washing performances cannot be expressed explicitly, it is impractical to determine the process parameters to obtain the optimal production cost while satisfying requirements of customers intuitively. This paper proposes an optimization methodology by combining Kriging surrogate and differential evolution (DE) algorithm to address the production cost optimization of enzyme washing for indigo dyed cotton denim. First, an experiment using Taguchi L16 orthogonal array is conducted where temperature and concentration of cellulase enzyme are taken into consideration with processing time as the input parameters, while the washing performances (including color strength value, stiffness, and tensile strength in warp and weft directions of the washed denim fabrics) are the output responses. Second, the relationships between the inputs and outputs are established using the Kriging model. Third, the effects of the input parameters on the washing performances are analyzed, and the production cost optimization model is illustrated. Finally, a case study is given to depict the optimization process and a verification experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the optimal values. On the whole, the proposed hybrid method, Kriging-DE, shows great capability of optimizing the production costs of the enzyme washing process for indigo dyed cotton denim.
Effectiveness of Azelastine Nasal Solution in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Storms William W. , Grossman Jay , Pearlman David S. , Halverson Philip C. , Chervinsky Paul , Freitag Jeffrey J. , Widlitz Michael D.
Published: February 2020

Azelastine is a novel antiallergy medication currently under investigation for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Pharmacologic studies in laboratory animals and in vitro model systems indicate that azelastine exerts multiple actions including modulation of airways smooth muscle response, interference with inflammatory processes, and inhibition of allergic reactions. In a previous controlled clinical trial, azelastine nasal solution (ASTELIN N.S.™) demonstrated effectiveness in controlling symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The objective of this 2-week double-blind, parallel-group study was to further assess the effectiveness of azelastine nasal solution in improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Two hundred forty-seven patients (≥12 years) with symptomatic SAR who satisfied a minimum symptoms score during a 1-week, single-blind, baseline evaluation period were randomized to receive azelastine 2 sprays per nostril bid, azelastine 2 sprays per nostril qd, chlorpheniramine 12 mg bid, or placebo using a double-dummy technique to insure blinding. The primary efficacy variables were changes in Major Symptom Complex (nose blows, sneezes, runny nose/sniffles, itch nose, and watery eyes) and Total Symptom Complex (Major plus itchy eyes/ears/throat/palate, cough, and postnasal drip) severity scores. Patients treated with azelastine nasal solution qd and bid had mean percent improvements in the Total and Major Symptom Complex severity scores that were clinically significant (≥50% improvement over placebo) after both weeks, at endpoint, and overall. The improvements for the azelastine bid group were statistically significant (P≤.05) at all evaluation points. Adverse experiences occurred infrequently, and none was considered serious or potentially limiting to the clinical utility of the nasal solution. The favorable safety profile of azelastine nasal solution together with its rapid onset and prolonged duration of action in relieving rhinitis symptoms and advantages over currently marketed topical treatments make it a good choice for treatment of SAR. The results of this trial demonstrate that azelastine nasal solution provides an alternative to oral medication in the treatment of SAR.
Quality of Life Analysis of Patients Undergoing Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Fell William R. , Mabry Richard L. , Mabry Cynthia S.
Published: February 2020

Allergic rhinitis has been conservatively estimated to affect 35 million Americans, with an annual US expenditure of more than $2 billion for treatment. Immunotherapy is generally administered to patients with allergic rhinitis when avoidance is impossible or impractical, when pharmacotherapy provides insufficient relief, and/or symptoms span more than one season. Immunotherapy based on quantified testing (e.g., dilutional intradermal testing [SET] or in vitro methods [RAST, ELISA]) allows administration of antigens in a manner that achieves therapeutic antigen doses more rapidly, yet more safely than immunotherapy administered through a schedule that mixes all antigens at the same concentration and advances on an empirical basis. Sixty patients who received at least one year of quantified testing-based immunotherapy were evaluated using a quality of life questionnaire and individual interviews. Changes in physical, social and emotional well-being were determined. Also investigated were changes in productivity and medication usage. The majority of patients noted significant improvement in all areas within four to six months of initiating immunotherapy, and an overwhelming majority felt that such treatment represented a worthwhile investment of their time and money.
Systematic Review and Meta-analyses: Dietary Behavior Interventions in Non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wen Xin , Wang Yu , Shi Huage , Wang Mengmeng , Lu Pingjing
Published: February 2020

Evidence of the effectiveness of dietary behavior interventions in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease is limited. We aim to determine the benefits and barriers of dietary behavior interventions for this population. Eligible studies were obtained from databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Six studies including 432 participants were identified. Overall, dietary behavior interventions significant improved adherence to protein intake (2.64, 95% CI 1.33, 5.23, I2 = 0) and renal function (eGFR) (2.97, 95% CI 2.59, 3.35, I2 = 0). Moreover, dietary behavior interventions indicated a significant opportunity to promote adherence to sodium-restricted diets (SRD), blood pressure (BP), self-efficacy, and quality of life (QoL) in non-dialysis CKD patients. However, there is still need to determine dietary behavior intervention programs in large sample and amount of studies, develop reliable instruments to measure dietary adherence, and thereafter, provide more reliable results for clinical practice.
Attachment insecurity hinders cardiac patients’ ability to receive partners’ care: A longitudinal dyadic study
Authors: George-Levi Sivan , Peleg Shira , Vilchinsky Noa , Rafaeli Eshkol , Khaskiaa Abid , Mosseri Morris , Hod Hanoch
Published: February 2020

Objectives:

The fact that spousal support is not always beneficial for the recipient continues to intrigue researchers in the dyadic support field. One possible explanation for this phenomenon may be individual differences in attachment orientations, which might promote or, conversely, hinder the ability to capitalize on one’s partner’s support. We therefore assessed the interactive contribution of cardiac patients’ attachment orientations (anxious and avoidant) and partners’ caregiving styles (sensitive and compulsive) to patients’ anxiety symptoms 6 months after a first acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Design and methods:

A longitudinal design was employed among 114 couples coping with one partner’s ACS. During hospitalization, patients completed the Experiences in Close Relationships scale, tapping attachment orientation, and 6 months later, the anxiety scale of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Partners completed the Adult Caregiving Questionnaire during patients’ hospitalization.

Results:

Regression analyses showed that partners’ caregiving styles moderated the positive association between patients’ anxious attachment and anxiety symptoms. This association was stronger when partners were characterized with high levels of compulsive caregiving, but also, and surprisingly, when partners were characterized with high levels of sensitive caregiving. No significant effects were found for highly avoidant patients.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that patients’ personalities play a crucial role in determining the consequences of partners’ caregiving styles. Integrating the personality perspective into the dyadic paradigm may allow a more comprehensive understanding of the circumstances under which partners’ care reduces patients’ distress.
Hypothermic effects on gas exchange performance of membrane oxygenator and blood coagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass in pigs
Authors: Akeho Kazuhiro , Nakata Hayato , Suehiro Shoichi , Shimizu Kouji , Imai Kensuke , Yamaguchi Akane , Matsumoto Ken-ichi , Oda Teiji
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

Whether hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass could attenuate both blood coagulation and platelet activation compared to normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass remains elusive.

Methods:

Biocompatibility of a polymer-coated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit was comparatively assessed by plasma proteomics between juvenile pigs undergoing hypothermic (23°C) cardiopulmonary bypass and those undergoing normothermic (37°C) cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 6, respectively). Plasma samples were taken three times: 5 minutes after initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (T5, before cooling), just before declamping and rewarming (Tc), and just before termination of cardiopulmonary bypass (Trw, 120 minutes). Proteomic analysis was quantitively performed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling. Thrombin–antithrombin complexes (TAT III) were measured by enzyme immunoassay, and vitamin K–dependent protein C (PROC), β-thromboglobulin (TG), and P-selectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood gas analyses evaluated oxygenator performance.

Results:

Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass had a significantly higher PaO2 at Tc and lower PaCO2 at Trw than normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Two hundred twenty-four proteins were identified with statistical criteria of both protein confidence (>95%) and false discovery rate (<5%). Six of these proteins significantly decreased at Tc than at T5 in hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (p = 0.02-0.04), with three related to platelet degranulation. Protein C decreased at Trw compared with T5 in normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (p = 0.04). Thrombin–antithrombin complex had a slightly larger increase with normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass at Trw than with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. β-thromboglobulin and P-selectin levels were significantly lower at Trw with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass than with normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (p = 0.04).

Conclusion:

Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass attenuated platelet degranulation/blood coagulation and maintained better oxygenator performance compared to normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in juvenile pigs.
Histogram analysis in prostate cancer: a comparison of diffusion kurtosis imaging model versus monoexponential model
Authors: Jiang Yuwei , Li Chunmei , Liu Ying , Shi Kaining , Zhang Wei , Liu Ming , Chen Min
Published: February 2020

Background

There is still little research about histogram analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) using in prostate cancer at present.

Purpose

To verify the utility of histogram analysis of DKI model in detection and assessment of aggressiveness of prostate cancer, compared with monoexponential model (MEM).

Material and Methods

Twenty-three patients were enrolled in this study. For DKI model and MEM, the Dapp, Kapp, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were obtained by using single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence. The pathologies were confirmed by in-bore magnetic resonance (MR)-guided biopsy. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn manually in the position where biopsy needle was put. The mean values and histogram parameters in cancer and noncancerous foci were compared using independent-samples T test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to investigate the diagnostic efficiency. Spearman’s test was used to evaluate the correlation of parameters and Gleason scores.

Results

The mean, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of ADC and Dapp were significantly lower in prostate cancer than non-cancerous foci ( P < 0.001). The mean, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of Kapp were significantly higher in prostate cancer ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the AUCs of two models (0.971 vs. 0.963, P > 0.05). With the increasing Gleason scores, the 10th ADC decreased ( ρ = −0.583, P = 0.018), but the 90th Kapp increased ( ρ = 0.642, P = 0.007).

Conclusion

Histogram analysis of DKI model is feasible for diagnosing and grading prostate cancer, but it has no significant advantage over MEM.
A Prospective, Crossover Survey Study of Child- and Proxy-Reported Quality of Life According to Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type and Medical Interventions
Authors: Weaver Meaghann S. , Hanna Rewais , Hetzel Scott , Patterson Karen , Yuroff Alice , Sund Sarah , Schultz Meredith , Schroth Mary , Halanski Matthew A.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal-recessive, progressive neuromuscular disease associated with extensive morbidity. Children with spinal muscular atrophy have potentially increased life spans due to improved nutrition, respiratory support, and novel pharmaceuticals.

Objectives:

To report on the quality of life and family experience for children with spinal muscular atrophy with attentiveness to patient- and proxy-concordance and to stratify quality of life reports by spinal muscular atrophy type and medical interventions.

Methods:

A prospective, crossover survey study inclusive of 58 children (26 spinal muscular atrophy type I, 23 type II, 9 type III) and their family caregivers at a free-standing Midwestern children’s hospital. Twenty-eight families completed the 25-item PedsQL 3.0 Neuromuscular Module. Forty-four participants completed the 36-item PedsQL Family Impact Module and 47 completed the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) questionnaire.

Results:

The PedsQL Family Impact Module demonstrated significant differences between spinal muscular atrophy types I and II in functioning domains including physical, emotional, social, and family relations ( P < .03). Child self-report and proxy report surveys demonstrated significant differences between spinal muscular atrophy types in the communication domains ( P < .003). Children self-reported their quality of life higher than proxy report of child quality of life. Gastrostomy tube ( P = .001) and ventilation support ( P = .029) impacted proxy-reported quality of life perspectives, whereas nusinersen use did not. Spinal surgery was associated with improved parental quality of life and family impact ( P < .03).

Conclusions:

The measurement and monitoring of quality of life for children with spinal muscular atrophy and their families represents an implementable priority for care teams.
HIV-1 superinfection in a patient with known HIV-2 – A case report
Authors: Ring Kyle , Muir David , Mackie Nicola , Bailey Angela C
Published: February 2020

We report a case of HIV-1 superinfection in a patient with established HIV-2 infection. The patient was not taking antiretroviral therapy, in line with criteria in national guidelines, and reported no risk for infection with HIV-1. This case serves as a reminder that patients infected with HIV-2 remain susceptible to HIV-1 infection. The protective effect of antiretroviral treatment against HIV-1 infection should be a consideration in treatment decisions for individuals with HIV-2 infection.
Paleomagnetic secular variation records from Holocene sediments of Lake Victoria (0.5°S, 33.3°E)
Authors: Lund Steve , Platzman Ellen , Johnson Thomas C
Published: February 2020

We have conducted a paleomagnetic study of Holocene sediments from Lake Victoria in order to develop a high-resolution record of paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV). This study has recovered PSV records from two cores (V95-1P and V95-7P) in northern Lake Victoria (0.5°S). The PSV is recorded in fine-grained detrital magnetite/titanomagnetite grains, but the rock magnetic data suggest that significant magnetic mineral dissolution has occurred, which limits our paleomagnetic studies to the uppermost ~5 m of both cores. Detailed alternating field (af) demagnetization of the natural remanence (NRM) shows that a distinctive characteristic remanence (ChRM) is demagnetized from ~10 to 40 mT, which decreases simply toward the origin. The resulting directional PSV records for 1P and 7P are correlatable with 22 distinct inclination features and 19 declination features. Radiocarbon dating of the cores is based on eight radiocarbon dates from core 1P, which can be correlated into core 7P using both the PSV and rock magnetic/environmental measurements. The final PSV time series cover the last 11,000 years with an average sediment accumulation rate of ~40 cm/kyr. The Lake Victoria PSV records can be correlated with new PSV records from Lake Malawi. Comparison of the correlatable PSV feature ages between the two lakes indicates that the PSV records are not significantly different in age, although Lake Victoria PSV ages might average ~100 years younger. We think that the Lake Victoria and Lake Malawi PSV records, together, provide the most accurate, well-dated, and consistent record of Holocene PSV for Africa yet developed.
Statin Use in the Early Phase of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Is Associated With Decreased QTc Dispersion
Authors: Munhoz Daniel B. , Carvalho Luiz Sergio F. , Venancio Frank N. C. , Rangel de Almeida Osorio Luis , Quinaglia e Silva Jose C. , Coelho-Filho Otavio R. , Nadruz Wilson , Sposito Andrei C.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Although there is strong evidence supporting the use of statin therapy after myocardial infarction (MI), some mechanistic gaps exist regarding the benefits of this therapy at the very onset of MI. Among the potential beneficial mechanisms, statins may improve myocardial electrical stability and reduce life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, as reported in stable clinical conditions. This study was designed to evaluate whether this mechanism could also occur during the acute phase of MI.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation MI were treated without statin (n = 57) or with a simvastatin dose of 20 to 80 mg (n = 87) within the first 24 hours after MI symptom onset. Patients underwent digital electrocardiography within the first 24 hours and at the third and fifth days after MI. The QTC dispersion (QTcD) was measured both with and without the U waves.

Results:

Although QTcD values were equivalent between the groups at the first day (80.6 ± 36.0 vs 80.0 ± 32.1; P = 0.36), they were shorter among individuals using simvastatin than in those receiving no statins on the third (90.4 ± 38.6 vs 86.5 ± 36.9; P = .036) and fifth days (73.1 ± 31 vs 69.2 ± 32.6; P = .049). We obtained similar results when analyzing the QTcD duration including the U wave. All values were adjusted by an ANCOVA model after propensity-score matching.

Conclusions:

Statins administered within 24 hours of ST-segment elevation MI reduced QTc dispersion, which may potentially attenuate the substrate for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
An Empirical Estimation of the Value-Added Impact of Lucca Comics and Games Festival on Hotel Performance
Authors: Capocchi Alessandro , Barboza Gustavo , DeMicco Fred , Vallone Cinzia
Published: February 2020

Our study aims at investigating how the “Lucca Comics & Games Festival” has grown to become a major revenue generator for the hotel industry and the overall Lucca economic activity. Our study placed a specific interest in analyzing, estimating, and approximating the monetary impact of “Lucca Comics & Games Festival” on the hotel and hospitality segment, and provided extensions to the larger economic activity of the Lucca economy. Our article is an empirical paper, and as such we do not claim to make significant theoretical contributions in terms of model development. Instead, we provide a useful set of tools to estimate and assess the value added of the festival on the economic performance of the hotel sector in the city of Lucca. The article makes a clear contribution to the knowledge related to experiential creation in the field of tourism. Particularly, we provide a simple methodology that allows us to estimate a value-added impact measure.
Branch Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: Recommendations for Follow-Up and Surgery
Authors: Caravati A. , Andrianello S. , Pollini T. , Biancotto M. , Balduzzi A. , Malleo G. , Salvia R. , Marchegiani G.
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims:

Pancreatic cysts are increasingly diagnosed, mainly during abdominal imaging performed for other reasons. Between pancreatic cystic neoplasm, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms are the most common pre-malignant entities. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms involving side branches overall harbor a low risk of malignancy, and in the recent past, a progressively more conservative approach has been consolidated. Purpose of this report is to summarize the evidence supporting the current practice for the management of branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and to offer a useful practical guide from first observation to post-operative follow-up.

Materials and Methods:

Review of the most important scientific literature on intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms was made. In this review article, we also report the experience of a high volume center in managing Pancreatic cystic neoplasms.

Results:

The correct management during surveillance still is a matter of debate, since many guidelines have been published suggesting different clinical approaches. Recently, follow-up discontinuation has also been proposed in selected cases.

Conclusion:

Despite significant improvements made by the increase of evidence, selecting surgical candidates because of an increased risk of malignant progression remains an unsolved issue and a hot topic for pancreatologists.
Grainyhead-like transcription factors in cancer – Focus on recent developments
Authors: Kotarba Grzegorz , Taracha-Wisniewska Agnieszka , Wilanowski Tomasz
Published: February 2020

The role of grainyhead-like transcription factors in cancer has been widely investigated by the scientific community. However, some of its aspects do not seem to be adequately appreciated, and these are the topic of our article. In addition to their well-documented role as tumor suppressors, in many cases the grainyhead-like proteins perform tumor-promoting functions, which make them potential drug targets. However, it is difficult to directly target transcription factors, which is why we recommend an alternative approach. The transcriptional transactivation activity of grainyhead-like transcription factors is regulated by phosphorylation, and protein kinases are much more feasible drug targets. Studying the phosphorylation of grainyhead-like proteins may thus allow to identify protein kinases regulating the activity of these factors, and design inhibitors of these kinases to indirectly regulate the activity of grainyhead-like transcription factors. There are many somatic mutations in the GRHL genes that occur during cancer development. These mutations are widely distributed across the GRHL loci, and these mutations are very rare. For this reason, they are unlikely to become targets of future therapies, nevertheless some of them may be driver mutations and studying them may provide important novel information about the regulation of functioning of the GRHL genes and proteins. Analogous information may be obtained by studying single nucleotide polymorphisms in GRHL genes that are associated with disease risk. Such polymorphisms may also prove useful in identifying individuals with an increased risk of a particular disease.

Impact statement

In the present article, we focus on relatively little appreciated aspects of involvement of the grainyhead-like (GRHL) transcription factors in cancer. These aspects are nevertheless very important for the functioning of GRHL proteins, as well as for cancer development. Some of the GRHL factors perform tumor-promoting functions in certain types of cancer, which makes them potential drug targets. Much information is available about somatic cancer mutations in the GRHL genes, yet there are very few analyses of these mutations in the scientific literature. The activity of GRHL transcription factors is controlled by phosphorylation, and we suggest that regulating their phosphorylation with specific protein kinases provides an alternative approach to modify the activity of GRHL proteins. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GRHL genes are associated with disease risk. Studying such SNPs may yield new information about the functioning of GRHL genes and proteins, and may also allow to identify people with an increased risk of a particular disease.
Supply chain finance credit risk assessment using support vector machine–based ensemble improved with noise elimination
Authors: Liu Ying , Huang Lihua
Published: February 2020

Recently, support vector machines, a supervised learning algorithm, have been widely used in the scope of credit risk management. However, noise may increase the complexity of the algorithm building and destroy the performance of classifier. In our work, we propose an ensemble support vector machine model to solve the risk assessment of supply chain finance, combined with reducing noises method. The main characteristics of this approach include that (1) a novel noise filtering scheme that avoids the noisy examples based on fuzzy clustering and principal component analysis algorithm is proposed to remove both attribute noise and class noise to achieve an optimal clean set, and (2) support vector machine classifiers, based on the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, are seen as component classifiers. Then, we obtained the final classification results by combining finally individual prediction through AdaBoosting algorithm on the new sample set. Some experiments are applied on supply chain financial analysis of China’s listed companies. Results indicate that the credit assessment accuracy can be increased by applying this approach.
No Ke Ola Pono o Nā Kāne: A Culturally Grounded Approach to Promote Health Improvement in Native Hawaiian Men
Authors: Cassel Kevin D. , Hughes Claire , Higuchi Paula , Lee Palama , Fagan Pebbles , Lono Joelene , Ho Reginald , Wong Nathan , Brady S. Kalani , Ahuna William
Published: February 2020

In Hawai’i, Native Hawaiian men (kāne) have the highest death rate from colon cancer among all ethnic groups. While screening can prevent 90% of these cancers, data show that >58% of kāne over age 50 have never been screened. Prior research has demonstrated that community-based social networks may help kāne adopt healthy behaviors such as cancer screening, however, few studies have activated such an approach. A cross-sectional study entitled No Ke Ola Pono o Nā Kāne (for the good health of men) was conducted statewide in Hawai’i from 2014 to 2018. The study strived to perpetuate the Native Hawaiian traditional practice of “hale mua” (men’s house) to promote healthy behaviors among kāne including the adoption of colon cancer prevention strategies such as fecal immunochemical testing (FIT). The study applied a peer-led intervention model using kāne volunteers to deliver the program’s educational components, including standardized materials to help the volunteers confidently conduct the sessions. Of the 378 kāne who were recruited into the study, 232 participated in the colorectal session of which 64% ( n = 149) were over age 50. Survey data from the 149 kāne indicated that 31% had not discussed colon health or screening with their doctors but 92% had improved their knowledge about colon health from the session. In addition, 76% ( n = 113) agreed to complete a FIT. Session evaluations indicated that >91% of kāne liked the hale mua approach and benefited from talking with other kāne about their health.
“Whenever there’s trouble, just yelp for help”: Crime, conservation, and corporatization in Paw Patrol
Authors: Kennedy Liam
Published: February 2020

With few exceptions, cultural criminologists have yet to investigate how crime, criminalized individuals, and punishment are depicted in children’s television programming. Undertaking the case study of the popular animated children’s series PAW Patrol, I find that crime is committed predominantly by literal outsiders and that wrongdoers are temporarily warehoused or forced to engage in hard labor. In this world, politicians are presented as incompetent or unethical and the state, either incapable of delivering or unwilling to provide basic social services to citizens, relies on the PAW Patrol corporation to investigate crime, rescue non-human animals in states of distress, and recycle. I argue that the series suggests to audiences that we can and should rely on corporations and technological advancements to combat crime and conserve, with responsibilized individuals assisting in this endeavor. Ultimately, PAW Patrol echoes core tenets of neoliberalism and encourages complicity in a global capitalist system that (re)produces inequalities and causes environmental harms.
Coupling building energy simulation and computational fluid dynamics: An overview
Authors: Rodríguez-Vázquez Martin , Hernández-Pérez Iván , Xamán Jesus , Chávez Yvonne , Gijón-Rivera Miguel , Belman-Flores Juan M
Published: February 2020

Building energy simulations coupled with computational fluid dynamics tools have emerged, recently, as an accurate and effective tool to improve the estimation of energy requirements and thermal comfort in buildings. Building modelers and researchers usually implement this coupling in the boundary conditions of both tools (e.g. surface temperature, ambient temperature, and conductive and convective fluxes). This work reviews how the building energy simulation–computational fluid dynamics coupling has evolved since its first implementation to the present day. Moreover, this article also summarizes and discusses the research studies in which the building energy simulation–computational fluid dynamics coupling has been used to analyze building systems, building components, and building urban configurations. Implementing a building energy simulation–computational fluid dynamics coupling brings a series of benefits when compared with the conventional building energy simulation methodology, a building energy simulation–computational fluid dynamics coupling provides an improvement that ranges between 10% and 50% for estimating the building energy requirements. Moreover, the computation time to implement computational fluid dynamics with information obtained from the building energy simulation could be reduced by as well.
Knowledge of the Features and Needs of People with Autism: A Comparison of Health and Social Care Staff
Authors: Murray G. C. , McKenzie K. , Kidd G. R. , Quigley A.
Published: February 2020

This study aims to investigate the level of knowledge of the accepted criteria for autistic disorder, using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association 1994) criteria and the awareness of the needs of individuals with autism within three groups: health care workers, residential staff and day care staff. All participants were employed in providing a service to individuals with a learning disability, although experience of working with individuals with autism was not a prerequisite. The results were examined in relation to employment group and experience of working with individuals with autism. The health group demonstrated a significantly higher knowledge of the main defining features of autism and the needs of this population, compared to the other groups. A significant relationship between experience of autism and awareness of the features and needs was found.
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in Learning Disability: Theory and Practice Revisited
Authors: Hassiotis A.
Published: February 2020

Despite evidence that psychodynamic psychotherapy can be successfully applied to people with learning disabilities, it is hardly ever available in standard practice. Most specialist services for people with learning disabilities have no access to a qualified therapist, and adult psychotherapy departments refuse to see such patients or supervise staff who are willing to engage in this work, claiming a lack of knowledge of learning disabilities. As the National Health Service is moving further towards cost-effective treatments, individuals with learning disabilities will on the one hand become increasingly unable to access diverse treatment modalities, and on the other limited treatment options will hinder research into the efficacy and suitability of such treatments for this population. This paper is a brief review of our current knowledge on the application of psychodynamic psychotherapy in the field of learning disabilities and aims at opening up the debate within the framework of evidence-based practice in mental health.
Navigating Paradox: Reflections on Facilitating Self-Advocacy for People with Learning Difficulties
Authors: Iles I. K.
Published: February 2020

It is quite usual for people with learning difficulties in self-advocacy groups to be supported by non-disabled staff of one sort or another. There is a wide range of literature detailing issues relevant to the practice of supporting such groups that can be drawn upon by staff to inform their practice. This paper suggests that there needs to be a more critical engagement with the experiential of working in this field and that group facilitators need to be critically-reflecting on their practice in this area as well as reading about it. This paper consists primarily of the author's personal reflections on facilitating a self-advocacy group for people with learning difficulties, derived from an action inquiry into his own practice. It is suggested that there is no clear and simple answer to many of the questions raised as a result of these reflections and that there is, instead, a need to navigate the paradoxes that arise in dealing with what at first appear to be ‘either/or issues’. Moreover, many questions that arise are not resolvable; rather, they must be dealt with throughout the practise of facilitating self-advocacy groups. It is suggested that through the dialectical accounts generated as a result of engaging with questions of the kind ‘How do I improve this process of self-advocacy here?’ that workers in this field are creating living theories of practice.
Perceptions of Registered Nurses on the Use of Psychotropic Medication for People with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Jenkins R. , Harris P.
Published: February 2020

The research literature showed an absence of data on the perceptions of professionals about the use of psychotropic medication for people with learning disabilities within the UK. Registered Learning Disability Nurses in a single hospital ( n = 106) and six community support teams ( n = 36) were asked their views on psychotropic medication for people with learning disabilities using a questionnaire derived from Singh and colleagues in 1996. The 112 (78.8%) respondents indicated that doctors had the greatest influence on initiating or discontinuing medication. Marked differences were evident between hospital and community nurses about the type of behaviour most likely to lead to drug treatment. Behaviour modification was viewed as an alternative treatment for acting out1, self-injury and aggression and behavioural assessment was seen to be the most influential assessment technique. More interprofessional education and training about the use of psychotropic medication were recommended.

1Acting out meaning irritability, shouting, temper tantrums.
Can altmetrics predict future citation counts in critical care medicine publications?
Authors: Lehane Daniel J , Black Colin S
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Social media is increasingly used in the dissemination of medical research. Traditional measures of the impact of a paper do not account for this. Altmetrics are a measure of the dissemination of a publication via social media websites. The purpose of this study is to ascertain if the altmetric attention score of an article is a reliable measure of the impact it has in the field of critical care medicine. To this end, we investigated if a correlation exists between future citation count and altmetric attention score.

Methods

The top nine journals by impact factor in the field of critical care medicine were identified for 2014 and 2015. The 100 most cited articles from these journals were recorded to form the Scientific Impact Group, i.e. those with the greatest impact on the scientific community. The altmetric attention score was recorded for each article. The top 100 articles by altmetric attention score were also identified to form the Media Impact Group, i.e. those that generated the most online attention. Their citation counts’ were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed on each group to identify a correlation between altmetric attention score and citation count.

Results

There was a moderately positive correlation in the Scientific Impact Group, with a Spearman r score of 0.4336 ( P = 0.0001). A weakly positive correlation was found in the Media Impact Group, with a Spearman r score of 0.3033 ( P = 0.002).

Conclusions

There is a positive correlation between traditional bibliographic metrics and altmetrics in the field of critical care medicine. Highly cited papers are more likely to generate online attention. However, papers that generate a lot of online attention are less likely to have a high citation count. Therefore, altmetric attention score is not a reliable predictor of future citation count in critical care medicine.
Headless screw fixation through the dorsal rough surface for proximal-pole scaphoid-nonunion: a report of 15 patients
Authors: Hong JungJun , Choi Yun-Rak , Koh Il-Hyun , Oh Won-Taek , Shin Jucheol , Kang Ho-Jung
Published: February 2020

Clinical outcomes of the dorsal-retrograde headless screw-fixation technique in 15 patients with proximal scaphoid nonunion are presented. In this technique, screws are inserted from the dorsal rough surface of the scaphoid, located between the dorsal ridge and scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid joint. Fifteen patients underwent osteosynthesis with this technique with iliac bone graft. Seven patients required primary surgery, and eight patients with a history of failed operation required revision surgery. Among 15 patients, 13 achieved union and two with persistent nonunion were asymptomatic with average follow-up of 24 months (range 14–57). Mean time to union was 20 weeks (range 12–40). Our experience with the dorsal-retrograde headless screw fixation technique has shown encouraging results for the treatment of proximal-scaphoid nonunion, especially in revision surgery wherein secure fixation of the small proximal fragments can be difficult using conventional anterograde techniques.

Level of evidence: IV
Dynamic vascular changes in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy
Authors: Ruigrok Dieuwertje , Braams Natalia J. , Nossent Esther J. , Bonta Peter I. , Boonstra Anco , Lely Rutger J. , Klok Frederikus A. , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Symersky Petr , Bogaard Harm‐Jan , Meijboom Lilian J.
Published: February 2020

Residual pulmonary hypertension is an important sequela after pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Recurrent thrombosis or embolism could be a contributor to this residual pulmonary hypertension but the potential extent of its role is unknown in part because data on incidence are lacking. We aimed to analyze the incidence of new intravascular abnormalities after pulmonary endarterectomy and determine hemodynamic and functional implications. A total of 33 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients underwent routine CT pulmonary angiography before and six months after pulmonary endarterectomy, together with right heart catheterization and exercise testing. New vascular lesions were defined as (1) a normal pulmonary artery before pulmonary endarterectomy and containing a thrombus, web, or early tapering six months after pulmonary endarterectomy or (2) a pulmonary artery already containing thrombus, web, or early tapering at baseline, but increasing six months after pulmonary endarterectomy. Nine of 33 (27%) chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients showed new vascular lesions on CT pulmonary angiography six months after pulmonary endarterectomy. In a subgroup of patients undergoing CT pulmonary angiography 18 months after pulmonary endarterectomy, no further changes in lesions were noted. Hemodynamic and functional outcomes were not different between patients with and without new vascular lesions. New vascular lesions are common after pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; currently their origin, dynamics, and long‐term consequences remain unknown.
The role of type 1 interferons in Gram-negative bacteria-induced coagulation
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Cheng Xiaoye , Tang Yiting , Qiu Xianhui , Wang Zhongtai , Fu Guang , Wu Jianfeng , Kang Haixia , Wang Jing , Wang Haichao , Chen Fangping , Xiao Xianzhong , Billiar Timothy , Lu Ben
Published: February 2020

Bacterial infection not only stimulates innate immune responses but also activates the coagulation cascades. Over-activation of the coagulation system in bacterial sepsis leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a life-threatening condition. However, the mechanisms by which bacterial infection activates the coagulation cascade are not fully understood. Here we show that type 1 interferons (IFNs), widely expressed family of cytokines that orchestrate innate antiviral and antibacterial immunity, mediate bacterial infection-induced DIC through amplifying the release of high mobility box group box 1 (HMGB1) into the blood stream. Inhibition of the expression of type 1 IFNs, disruption of their receptor IFN-α/βR or downstream effector (e.g., HMGB1) uniformly decreased Gram-negative bacteria-induced DIC. Mechanistically, extracellular HMGB1 markedly increased the pro-coagulant activity of tissue factor (TF) by promoting the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the outer cell surface, where PS assembles a complex of cofactor-proteases of the coagulation cascades. These findings not only provide novel insights into the link between innate immune responses and coagulation, but also open a new avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies to prevent DIC in sepsis.
Smoothing Parametric Design of Addendum Surfaces for Sheet Metal Forming
Authors: Li Jixing , Ning Tao , Xi Ping , Hu Bifu , Wang Tian , Yang Jiong
Published: February 2020

The manual design of addendum surfaces on common CAD platforms is very tedious which requires many trials-corrections, which will certainly affect the construction efficiency and quality of addendum surfaces, and then affect the formability and quality of the workpiece in the process of sheet forming. In this paper, an automatic procedure based on parametric design method is proposed for the rapid construction of the addendum surfaces. The kernel of the parametric method is constructing boundary curves based on the shape of surfaces of workpiece and designing guide curves based on Hermite curve interpolation. By some simple parameters, the shape of the addendum surfaces could be controlled and adjusted easily. In addition, a minimum energy optimization method is employed to further optimize the constructed addendum surface. A finite element analysis for the sheet forming process is performed to evaluate the forming quality of constructed addendum surfaces. The instance illustrates that the addendum surface constructed by the proposed method could ensure both the overall smoothing of surfaces and the final forming quality, and it has a good effect on springback after forming. This research proposes a smoothing parametric design method for addendum surfaces construction which could construct and optimize addendum surfaces rapidly.
Kinematic Sensitivity Analysis and Dimensional Synthesis of a Redundantly Actuated Parallel Robot for Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Chai Xinxue , Zhang Ningbin , He Leiying , Li Qinchuan , Ye Wei
Published: February 2020

Friction stir welding (FSW) has been widely applied in many fields as an alternative to traditional fusion welding. Although serial robots can provide the orientation capability required to weld along curved surfaces, they cannot adequately support the huge axial downward forces that FSW generates. Available parallel mechanism architectures, particularly redundantly actuated architectures for FSW, are still very limited. In this paper, a redundantly actuated 2UPR-2RPU parallel robot for FSW is proposed, where U denotes a universal joint, R denotes a revolute joint and P denotes a prismatic pair. First, its semi-symmetric structure is described. Next, inverse kinematics analysis involving an analytical representation of rotational axes is implemented. Velocity analysis is also conducted, which leads to the formation of a Jacobian matrix. Sensitivity performance is evaluated utilizing level set and convex optimization methods, where the local sensitivity indices are unit consistent, coordinate free, and of definite physical significance. Furthermore, global and hierarchical sensitivity indices are proposed for the design process. Finally, dimension synthesis is conducted based on the sensitivity indices and the optimal link parameters of the parallel robot are obtained. In summary, this paper proposes a dimensional synthesis method for a redundantly actuated parallel robot for FSW based on sensitivity indices.