bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic Evidence for Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Macular Degeneration as Revealed by mtDNA Copy Number Measurements in Peripheral Blood
Authors: Koller Adriana , Lamina Claudia , Brandl Caroline , Zimmermann Martina E. , Stark Klaus J. , Weissensteiner Hansi , Würzner Reinhard , Heid Iris M. , Kronenberg Florian
Published: November 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common occurrence in the aging process and is observed in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Increased levels of reactive oxygen species lead to damaged mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), resulting in dysfunctional mitochondria, and, consequently, mtDNA causes further harm in the retinal tissue. However, it is unclear whether the effects are locally restricted to the high-energy-demanding retinal pigment epithelium or are also systematically present. Therefore, we measured mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) in peripheral blood using a qPCR approach with plasmid normalization in elderly participants with and without AMD from the AugUR study (n = 2262). We found significantly lower mtDNA-CN in the blood of participants with early (n = 453) and late (n = 170) AMD compared to AMD-free participants (n = 1630). In regression analyses, we found lower mtDNA-CN to be associated with late AMD when compared with AMD-free participants. Each reduction of mtDNA-CN by one standard deviation increased the risk for late AMD by 24%. This association was most pronounced in geographic atrophy (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.19–2.60, p = 0.004), which has limited treatment options. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between mtDNA-CN in blood and AMD, suggesting that it may serve as a more accessible biomarker than mtDNA-CN in the retina.
In Utero Cell Treatment of Hemophilia A Mice via Human Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Engraftment
Authors: Kao Yung-Tsung , Yen Chih-Ching , Fan Hueng-Chuen , Chen Jen-Kun , Chen Ming-Shan , Lan Ying-Wei , Yang Shang-Hsun , Chen Chuan-Mu
Published: November 2023

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder linked to the sex chromosomes, resulting in impaired blood clotting due to insufficient intrinsic coagulation factors. There are approximately one million individuals worldwide with hemophilia, with hemophilia A being the most prevalent form. The current treatment for hemophilia A involves the administration of clotting factor VIII (FVIII) through regular and costly injections, which only provide temporary relief and pose inconveniences to patients. In utero transplantation (IUT) is an innovative method for addressing genetic disorders, taking advantage of the underdeveloped immune system of the fetus. This allows mesenchymal stromal cells to play a role in fetal development and potentially correct genetic abnormalities. The objective of this study was to assess the potential recovery of coagulation disorders in FVIII knockout hemophilia A mice through the administration of human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells (hAFMSCs) via IUT at the D14.5 fetal stage. The findings revealed that the transplanted human cells exhibited fusion with the recipient liver, with a ratio of approximately one human cell per 10,000 mouse cells and produced human FVIII protein in the livers of IUT-treated mice. Hemophilia A pups born to IUT recipients demonstrated substantial improvement in their coagulation issues from birth throughout the growth period of up to 12 weeks of age. Moreover, FVIII activity reached its peak at 6 weeks of age, while the levels of FVIII inhibitors remained relatively low during the 12-week testing period in mice with hemophilia. In conclusion, the results indicated that prenatal intrahepatic therapy using hAFMSCs has the potential to improve clotting issues in FVIII knockout mice, suggesting it as a potential clinical treatment for individuals with hemophilia A.
Mitochondrial GpC and CpG DNA Hypermethylation Cause Metabolic Stress-Induced Mitophagy and Cholestophagy
Authors: Theys Claudia , Ibrahim Joe , Mateiu Ligia , Mposhi Archibold , García-Pupo Laura , De Pooter Tim , De Rijk Peter , Strazisar Mojca , İnce İkbal Agah , Vintea Iuliana , Rots Marianne G. , Vanden Berghe Wim
Published: November 2023

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by a constant accumulation of lipids in the liver. This hepatic lipotoxicity is associated with a dysregulation of the first step in lipid catabolism, known as beta oxidation, which occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Eventually, this dysregulation will lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. To evaluate the possible involvement of mitochondrial DNA methylation in this lipid metabolic dysfunction, we investigated the functional metabolic effects of mitochondrial overexpression of CpG (MSssI) and GpC (MCviPI) DNA methyltransferases in relation to gene expression and (mito)epigenetic signatures. Overall, the results show that mitochondrial GpC and, to a lesser extent, CpG methylation increase bile acid metabolic gene expression, inducing the onset of cholestasis through mito-nuclear epigenetic reprogramming. Moreover, both increase the expression of metabolic nuclear receptors and thereby induce basal overactivation of mitochondrial respiration. The latter promotes mitochondrial swelling, favoring lipid accumulation and metabolic-stress-induced mitophagy and autophagy stress responses. In conclusion, both mitochondrial GpC and CpG methylation create a metabolically challenging environment that induces mitochondrial dysfunction, which may contribute to the progression of MASLD.
Identification of 13 Novel Loci in a Genome-Wide Association Study on Taiwanese with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Ting-Yuan , Liao Chi-Chou , Chang Ya-Sian , Chen Yu-Chia , Chen Hong-Da , Lai I-Lu , Peng Cheng-Yuan , Chung Chin-Chun , Chou Yu-Pao , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Jeng Long-Bin , Chang Jan-Gowth
Published: November 2023

Liver cancer is caused by complex interactions among genetic factors, viral infection, alcohol abuse, and metabolic diseases. We conducted a genome-wide association study and polygenic risk score (PRS) model in Taiwan, employing a nonspecific etiology approach, to identify genetic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our analysis of 2836 HCC cases and 134,549 controls revealed 13 novel associated loci such as the FAM66C gene, noncoding genes, liver-fibrosis-related genes, metabolism-related genes, and HCC-related pathway genes. We incorporated the results from the UK Biobank and Japanese database into our study for meta-analysis to validate our findings. We also identified specific subtypes of the major histocompatibility complex that influence both viral infection and HCC progression. Using this data, we developed a PRS to predict HCC risk in the general population, patients with HCC, and HCC-affected families. The PRS demonstrated higher risk scores in families with multiple HCCs and other cancer cases. This study presents a novel approach to HCC risk analysis, identifies seven new genes associated with HCC development, and introduces a reproducible PRS model for risk assessment.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Late Pregnancy and Childbirth from the Perspective of Perinatal Pathology
Authors: Debelenko Larisa
Published: November 2023

This review focuses on SARS-CoV-2 infection in placental and fetal tissues. Viremia is rare in infected pregnant women, and the virus is seldom amplified from placental tissues. Definite and probable placental infection requires the demonstration of viral RNA or proteins using in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Small subsets (1.0–7.9%, median 2.8%) of placentas of SARS-CoV-2-positive women showed definite infection accompanied by a characteristic histopathology named SARS-CoV-2 placentitis (SP). The conventionally accepted histopathological criteria for SP include the triad of intervillositis, perivillous fibrin deposition, and trophoblast necrosis. SP was shown to be independent of the clinical severity of the infection, but associated with stillbirth in cases where destructive lesions affecting more than 75% of the placental tissue resulted in placental insufficiency and severe fetal hypoxic–ischemic injury. An association between maternal thrombophilia and SP was shown in a subset of cases, suggesting a synergy of the infection and deficient coagulation cascade as one of the mechanisms of the pathologic accumulation of fibrin in affected placentas. The virus was amplified from fetal tissues in approximately 40% of SP cases, but definite fetal involvement demonstrated using ISH or IHC is exceptionally rare. The placental pathology in SARS-CoV-2-positive women also includes chronic lesions associated with placental malperfusion in the absence of definite or probable placental infection. The direct viral causation of the vascular malperfusion of the placenta in COVID-19 is debatable, and common predispositions (hypertension, diabetes, and obesity) may play a role.
Periorbital Facial Necrotizing Fasciitis in Adults: A Rare Severe Disease with Complex Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment—A New Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Pertea Mihaela , Fotea Madalina-Cristina , Luca Stefana , Moraru Dan Cristian , Filip Alexandru , Olinici-Temelie Doinita , Lunca Sorinel , Carp Adrian Claudiu , Grosu Oxana-Madalina , Amarandei Alexandru , Veliceasa Bogdan
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe and aggressive pathology with a rapid progression and high mortality risk. Periocular NF is a rare condition associated with a lower mortality risk but significantly higher disabling sequelae. (2) Methods: We present the case of a 67-year-old homeless patient, a victim of assault, with multiple untreated comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, cardiac conditions, and schizophrenia) and a delayed diagnosis of periocular necrotizing fasciitis. The condition showed a cyclical evolution influenced by the existing comorbidities, and the patient underwent both surgical and medical treatment with a multidisciplinary team. Additionally, we report a systematic review of cases from the literature. (3) Results: The patient’s survival outcomes were favorable; however, the sequelae were disabling, not only concerning aesthetic aspects but also due to the loss of the affected eye globe. The systematic review revealed the rarity of such cases and the peculiarities of the presented case compared to those reported in the literature up to this point. (4) Conclusions: Understanding the signs, symptoms, and predisposing factors, as well as the potential rare localizations of NF, including the periocular region, can lead to the early diagnosis and treatment with good functional and aesthetic outcomes, minimizing significant disabilities.
PEAL Score to Predict the Mortality Risk of Cardiogenic Shock in the Emergency Department: An Observational Study
Authors: Ma Jen-Wen , Hu Sung-Yuan , Hsieh Ming-Shun , Lee Yi-Chen , Huang Shih-Che , Chen Kuan-Ju , Chang Yan-Zin , Tsai Yi-Chun
Published: November 2023

Background: The in-hospital mortality of cardiogenic shock (CS) remains high (28% to 45%). As a result, several studies developed prediction models to assess the mortality risk and provide guidance on treatment, including CardShock and IABP-SHOCK II scores, which performed modestly in external validation studies, reflecting the heterogeneity of the CS populations. Few articles established predictive scores of CS based on Asian people with a higher burden of comorbidities than Caucasians. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of a contemporary Asian population with CS, identify risk factors, and develop a predictive scoring model. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted between 2014 and 2019 to collect the patients who presented with all-cause CS in the emergency department of a single medical center in Taiwan. We divided patients into subgroups of CS related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI-CS) or heart failure (HF-CS). The outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. We built the prediction model based on the hazard ratio of significant variables, and the cutoff point of each predictor was determined using the Youden index. We also assessed the discrimination ability of the risk score using the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: We enrolled 225 patients with CS. One hundred and seven patients (47.6%) were due to AMI-CS, and ninety-eight patients among them received reperfusion therapy. Forty-nine patients (21.8%) eventually died within 30 days. Fifty-three patients (23.55%) presented with platelet counts < 155 × 103/μL, which were negatively associated with a 30-day mortality of CS in the restrictive cubic spline plot, even within the normal range of platelet counts. We identified four predictors: platelet counts < 200 × 103/μL (HR 2.574, 95% CI 1.379–4.805, p = 0.003), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% (HR 2.613, 95% CI 1.020–6.692, p = 0.045), age > 71 years (HR 2.452, 95% CI 1.327–4.531, p = 0.004), and lactate > 2.7 mmol/L (HR 1.967, 95% CI 1.069–3.620, p = 0.030). The risk score ended with a maximum of 5 points and showed an AUC (95% CI) of 0.774 (0.705–0.843) for all patients, 0.781 (0.678–0.883), and 0.759 (0.662–0.855) for AMI-CS and HF-CS sub-groups, respectively, all p < 0.001. Conclusions: Based on four parameters, platelet counts, LVEF, age, and lactate (PEAL), this model showed a good predictive performance for all-cause mortality at 30 days in the all patients, AMI-CS, and HF-CS subgroups. The restrictive cubic spline plot showed a significantly negative correlation between initial platelet counts and 30-day mortality risk in the AMI-CS and HF-CS subgroups.
Urban Sprawl and Changes in Landscape Patterns: The Case of Kisangani City and Its Periphery (DR Congo)
Authors: Balandi Julien Bwazani , To Hulu Jean Pierre Pitchou Meniko , Sambieni Kouagou Raoul , Sikuzani Yannick Useni , Bastin Jean-François , Musavandalo Charles Mumbere , Nguba Timothée Besisa , Molo Jacques Elangi Langi , Selemani Tresor Mbavumoja , Mweru Jean-Pierre Mate , Bogaert Jan
Published: November 2023

The rapid population growth in sub-Saharan Africa requires regular monitoring of the spatial expansion of cities in order to facilitate efficient urban planning. In this study, we quantified the dynamics of urban and peri-urban areas in the city of Kisangani from 1987 to 2021, based on morphological criteria. Results demonstrate continuous urban and peri-urban growth, with respective average annual change rates of 8.2% and 7.6%. The urban core area expanded from 13.49 km2 to 100.49 km2, resulting from an alternating process of diffusion and coalescence. Peri-urbanization indexes developed to assess the trend of the decline in urban densities indicate a phase of urban densification over the period 1987–2010 succeeded by a decline in urban density over the period 2010–2021 that is characterized by a large expansion of the peri-urban area. However, despite this trend observed between 2010 and 2021, the decrease in urban density was not effective between 1987 and 2021 in Kisangani, as the fraction of peri-urban area observed in 1987 remains equivalent to that observed in 2021. This suggests a continuity of urban densification despite increasing peri-urbanization.
Multidimensional Transport Experiment and Simulation of Chloride Ions in Concrete Subject to Simulated Dry and Wet Cycles in a Marine Environment
Authors: Xu Hao , He Zixi , Li Jianxin , Zhou Shuangxi
Published: November 2023

Chloride ion erosion is an important factor affecting the durability of marine engineering concrete. In particular, concrete structures in wave splash and tidal zones are subjected to dry and wet cycles and multidimensional diffusion of chloride ions. To investigate the intricate diffusion of chloride ions within concrete under these dynamic conditions, we devised a comprehensive experiment. This experiment encompasses multiple dimensions, involving dry and wet cycles, as well as static immersion. The experiment intends to reveal how chloride ions are distributed in the concrete and clarify the changes that occur in its microstructure. Based on Fick’s second law, the multidimensional diffusion model of chloride ions in concrete under the dry and wet cycles and static immersion was established by comprehensively considering the effects of chloride ion exposure time, environment temperature, relative humidity, and the action of dry and wet cycles. The results show that, under the same conditions, the chloride content in concrete decreases with the increase in penetration depth but increases with the increase in the chloride diffusion dimension and exposure time. Dry and wet cycles and multidimensional diffusion of chloride ions increase the development of cracks and pores in the concrete structure and generate large quantities of C3A·CaCl2·10H2O, which will exacerbate the chloride ion transport rate and penetration depth of concrete. Under the same exposure time and penetration depth, the chloride ion content in concrete under two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) diffusion under dry and wet cycles was 1.09~4.08 times higher than that under one-dimensional (1D) diffusion. The correlation coefficients between the simulation results of the multidimensional transport model of chloride ions in concrete under multi-factor coupling and the experimental results were all greater than 0.95, and the model can be utilized to predict the distribution of chloride ion concentration in concrete.
The Effectiveness of Autologous Platelet Concentrates in the Clinical and Radiographic Healing after Endodontic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: di Lauro Alessandro Espedito , Valletta Alessandra , Aliberti Angelo , Cangiano Mario , Dolce Pasquale , Sammartino Gilberto , Gasparro Roberta
Published: November 2023

Regenerative techniques are increasingly applied in endodontic surgery, but different materials may have varying impacts on soft and hard tissue healing. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) in clinical and radiographic healing after endodontic surgery. The data for this systematic review were processed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for improving the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A literature search was conducted until October 2023 on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Databases. Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials addressing the use of APCs in patients who presented persistent periapical lesions and needed periapical surgery were included. Dual publications, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, case series, questionnaires, animal studies, case reports, letters to the editor, in vitro studies, and abstracts were excluded. In total, the search resulted in 14 papers. Clinical and radiographical findings were reported, showing that when APCs were used, patients exhibited less pain and swelling and a greater reduction of apical radiolucency after 12 months follow-up on average. However, the moderate/high risk of bias of included studies and their high heterogeneity, do not allow one to draw definitive conclusions on the effectiveness of APC after endodontic surgery.
A Novel Fuzzy Unsupervised Quadratic Surface Support Vector Machine Based on DC Programming: An Application to Credit Risk Management
Authors: Yu Tao , Huang Wei , Tang Xin
Published: November 2023

Unsupervised classification is used in credit risk assessment to reduce human resource costs and make informed decisions in the shortest possible time. Although several studies show that support vector machine-based methods have better performance in unlabeled datasets, several factors still negatively affect these models, such as unstable results due to random initialization, reduced effectiveness due to kernel dependencies, and noise points and outliers. This paper introduces an unsupervised classification method based on a fuzzy unsupervised quadratic surface support vector machine without a kernel to avoid selecting related kernel parameters for credit risk assessment. In addition, we propose an innovative fuzzy membership function for reducing noise points and outliers in line with the direction of sample density variation. Fuzzy Unsupervised QSSVM (FUS-QSSVM) outperforms well-known SVM-based methods based on numerical tests on public benchmark credit data. In some real-world applications, the proposed method has significant potential as well as being effective, efficient, and robust. The algorithm can therefore increase the number of potential customers of financial institutions as well as increase profitability.
New Numerical and Analytical Solutions for Nonlinear Evolution Equations Using Updated Mathematical Methods
Authors: Alharbi Abdulghani R.
Published: November 2023

This study explores adapted mathematical methods to solve the couple-breaking soliton (BS) equations in two-dimensional spatial domains. Using these methods, we obtained analytical soliton solutions for the equations involving free parameters such as the wave number, phase component, nonlinear coefficient, and dispersion coefficient. The solutions are expressed as hyperbolic, rational, and trigonometric functions. We also examined the impact of wave phenomenon on two-dimensional diagrams and used composite two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphs to represent the solutions. We used the finite difference method to transform the proposed system into a numerical system to obtain numerical simulations for the Black–Scholes equations. Additionally, we discuss the stability and error analysis of numerical schemes. We compare the validity and accuracy of the numerical results with the exact solutions through analytical and graphical comparisons. The methodologies presented in this research can be applied to various forms of nonlinear evolutionary systems because they are appropriate and acceptable.
The Fractional Dunkl Laplacian: Definition and Harmonization via the Mellin Transform
Authors: Bouzeffour Fethi
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we extend the scope of the Tate and Ormerod Lemmas to the Dunkl setting, revealing a profound interconnection that intricately links the Dunkl transform and the Mellin transform. This illumination underscores the pivotal significance of the Mellin integral transform in the realm of fractional calculus associated with differential-difference operators. Our primary focus centers on the Dunkl–Laplace operator, which serves as a prototype of a differential-difference second-order operator within an unbounded domain. Following influential research by Pagnini and Runfola, we embark on an innovative exploration employing Bochner subordination approaches tailored for the fractional Dunkl Laplacian (FDL). Notably, the Mellin transform emerges as a robust and enlightening tool, particularly in its application to the FDL.
Natural Products from Marine Actinomycete Genus Salinispora Might Inhibit 3CLpro and PLpro Proteins of SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico Evidence
Authors: Pokharkar Omkar , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Tsurkan Mikhail V.
Published: November 2023

Among the oldest marine species on the planet, the genus Salinispora is often encountered inhabiting sediments and other marine creatures in tropical and subtropical marine settings. This bacterial genus produces a plethora of natural products. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential for salinispora-based natural products (NPs) to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The RCSB PDB was used to obtain the crystal structures of proteins 3CLpro and PLpro. All 125 NPs were obtained from online databases. Using Autodock Vina software v1.2.0 the molecular docking process was carried out after the proteins and ligands were prepared. Assessments of binding affinities and interacting amino acids were rigorously examined prior to MD simulations. The docking experiments revealed 35 NPs in total for both 3CLpro and PLpro, with high docking scores ranging from −8.0 kcal/mol to −9.0 kcal/mol. However, a thorough binding residue analyses of all docked complexes filtered nine NPs showing strong interactions with HIS: 41 and CYS: 145 of 3CLpro. Whereas, for PLpro, merely six NPs presented good interactions with residues CYS: 111, HIS: 272, and ASP: 286. Further research was conducted on residue–residue and ligand–residue interactions in both the filtered docked complexes and the Apo-protein structures using the Protein Contacts Atlas website. All complexes were found to be stable in CABS-flex 2.0 MD simulations conducted at various time frames (50, 125, 500, and 1000 cycles). In conclusion, salinaphthoquinone B appears to be the most promising metabolite, based on favorable amino acid interactions forming stable confirmations towards 3CLpro and PLpro enzymes, acting as a dual inhibitor.
Aquiluscidin, a Cathelicidin from Crotalus aquilus, and the Vcn-23 Derivative Peptide, Have Anti-Microbial Activity against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Hernández-Arvizu Edwin Esaú , Silis-Moreno Teresa Monserrat , García-Arredondo José Alejandro , Rodríguez-Torres Angelina , Cervantes-Chávez José Antonio , Mosqueda Juan
Published: November 2023

Anti-microbial peptides play a vital role in the defense mechanisms of various organisms performing functions that range from the elimination of microorganisms, through diverse mechanisms, to the modulation of the immune response, providing protection to the host. Among these peptides, cathelicidins, a well-studied family of anti-microbial peptides, are found in various animal species, including reptiles. Due to the rise in anti-microbial resistance, these compounds have been suggested as potential candidates for developing new drugs. In this study, we identified and characterized a cathelicidin-like peptide called Aquiluscidin (Aq-CATH) from transcripts obtained from the skin and oral mucosa of the Querétaro’s dark rattlesnake, Crotalus aquilus. The cDNA was cloned, sequenced, and yielded a 566-base-pair sequence. Using bioinformatics, we predicted that the peptide precursor contains a signal peptide, a 101-amino-acid conserved cathelin domain, an anionic region, and a 34-amino-acid mature peptide in the C-terminal region. Aq-CATH and a derived 23-amino-acid peptide (Vcn-23) were synthesized, and their anti-microbial activity was evaluated against various species of bacteria in in vitro assays. The minimal inhibitory concentrations against bacteria ranged from 2 to 8 μg/mL for both peptides. Furthermore, at concentrations of up to 50 μM, they exhibited no significant hemolytic activity (<2.3% and <1.2% for Aquiluscidin and Vcn-23, respectively) against rat erythrocytes and displayed no significant cytotoxic activity at low concentrations (>65% cell viability at 25 µM). Finally, this study represents the first identification of an antimicrobial peptide in Crotalus aquilus, which belongs to the cathelicidin family and exhibits the characteristic features of these peptides. Both Aq-CATH and its derived molecule, Vcn-23, displayed remarkable inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for further antimicrobial research.
Enrichment of Aerobic and Anaerobic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria from Multicontaminated Marine Sediment in Mar Piccolo Site (Taranto, Italy)
Authors: Matturro Bruna , Di Franca Maria Letizia , Tonanzi Barbara , Cruz Viggi Carolina , Aulenta Federico , Di Leo Magda , Giandomenico Santina , Rossetti Simona
Published: November 2023

Marine sediments act as a sink for the accumulation of various organic contaminants such as polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). These contaminants affect the composition and activity of microbial communities, particularly favoring those capable of thriving from their biodegradation and biotransformation under favorable conditions. Hence, contaminated environments represent a valuable biological resource for the exploration and cultivation of microorganisms with bioremediation potential. In this study, we successfully cultivated microbial consortia with the capacity for PCB removal under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The source of these consortia was a multicontaminated marine sediment collected from the Mar Piccolo (Taranto, Italy), one of Europe’s most heavily polluted sites. High-throughput sequencing was employed to investigate the dynamics of the bacterial community of the marine sediment sample, revealing distinct and divergent selection patterns depending on the imposed reductive or oxidative conditions. The aerobic incubation resulted in the rapid selection of bacteria specialized in oxidative pathways for hydrocarbon transformation, leading to the isolation of Marinobacter salinus and Rhodococcus cerastii species, also known for their involvement in aerobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) transformation. On the other hand, anaerobic incubation facilitated the selection of dechlorinating species, including Dehalococcoides mccartyi, involved in PCB reduction. This study significantly contributes to our understanding of the diversity, dynamics, and adaptation of the bacterial community in the hydrocarbon-contaminated marine sediment from one sampling point of the Mar Piccolo basin, particularly in response to stressful conditions. Furthermore, the establishment of consortia with biodegradation and biotransformation capabilities represents a substantial advancement in addressing the challenge of restoring polluted sites, including marine sediments, thus contributing to expanding the toolkit for effective bioremediation strategies.
Evidence of High Genetic Diversity and Differences in the Population Diversity of the Eucalyptus Leaf Blight Pathogen Calonectria pseudoreteaudii from Diseased Leaves and Soil in a Plantation in Guangxi, China
Authors: Wu Wenxia , Li Wenwen , Liu Feifei , Chen Shuaifei
Published: November 2023

Calonectria pseudoreteaudii is an important causal agent of Eucalyptus leaf blight in southern China. This pathogen causes Eucalyptus tree disease across numerous regions in southern China. In addition to diseased leaves, C. pseudoreteaudii has occasionally been isolated from soil in Eucalyptus plantations. The aim of this study was to clarify whether C. pseudoreteaudii causing Eucalyptus leaf blight in China is mainly clonally reproduced and to determine the potential spreading mechanism of C. pseudoreteaudii between diseased leaves and soil. To this end, 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed to detect the genetic diversity of 97 C. pseudoreteaudii isolates from diseased leaves and soil in a Eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China. The analysis showed that the genetic diversity of the isolates from both the diseased leaves and soil was high. However, the gene and genotype diversity of the C. pseudoreteaudii isolates from diseased leaves were higher than those of the isolates from the soil. Moreover, all genotypes detected in the isolates from the soil were also found in the isolates from the diseased leaves. Structural analyses did not show clear population structures related to the population substrates of the diseased leaves or soil, and molecular variance analyses indicated that no significant genetic differentiation existed between the diseased leaf and soil populations. These results suggest that C. pseudoreteaudii in soil spreads from diseased leaves, and that an asexual cycle is the primary reproductive mode in both diseased leaf and soil populations. This is the first study on the genetic diversity and population structure of C. pseudoreteaudii. The high genetic diversity and spread pathways of this pathogen may pose challenges in controlling the disease. C. pseudoreteaudii from both diseased leaves and soils in Eucalyptus plantations needs to be carefully monitored for disease control and management.
In Vitro and In Vivo Crosstalk between Type I IFN and IL-8 Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Biava Mirella , Notari Stefania , Grassi Germana , Bordi Licia , Tartaglia Eleonora , Agrati Chiara , Cimini Eleonora , Sberna Giuseppe , Nicastri Emanuele , Antinori Andrea , Girardi Enrico , Vaia Francesco , Maggi Fabrizio , Lalle Eleonora
Published: November 2023

COVID-19 patients show characteristic over-expression of different cytokines that may interfere with the interferon (IFN) response, delaying its production. Within the overexpressed cytokines, IL-8 plays a key role, and it may impede IFN-I activation. PBMC from eight healthy donors were exposed to 2019-nCoV/Italy-INMI1 isolate and supernatants/cells were collected at different time points; the production of either IFN-alpha or IL-8 was assessed. The same analysis was performed on plasma samples obtained from 87 COVID-19 patients. Antagonism between IFN-alpha and IL-8 was observed, since in those PBMC with medium or high IL-8 levels, IFN-α levels were low. The same scenario was observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients that were divided into three groups based on IL-8 low, medium and high levels; the correlation between low levels of IFN-α and high levels of IL-8 was statistically significant in both the IL-8 medium and IL-8 high group. Overall, our results showed a crosstalk/antagonism between IL-8 and IFN-alpha in PBMC from healthy donors challenged with SARS-CoV-2 and inversely proportional IFN-alpha levels to IL-8 concentrations detected in plasma samples from COVID-19 patients, suggesting that the impairment of the innate immune response in COVID-19 patients may be linked to a dysregulated cytokine response, namely through IL-8 production.
Enzymatic Activity and Its Relationships with the Total Phenolic Content and Color Change in the High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Curing of Vanilla Bean (Vanilla planifolia)
Authors: Buitimea-Cantúa Génesis V. , Chávez-Leal Viridiana , Soto-Caballero Mayra C. , Tellez-Medina Dario I. , Welti-Chanes Jorge , Escobedo-Avellaneda Zamantha
Published: November 2023

Diverse enzymatic reactions taking place after the killing of green vanilla beans are involved in the flavor and color development of the cured beans. The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 50–400 MPa/5 min and blanching as vanilla killing methods were evaluated on the total phenolic content (TPC), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activity and the color change at different curing cycles of sweating–drying (C0–C20) of vanilla beans. The rate constants describing the above parameters during the curing cycles were also obtained. The TPC increased from C1 to C6 compared with the untreated green beans after which it started to decrease. The 400 MPa samples showed the highest rate of phenolic increase. Immediately after the killing (C0), the highest increase in PPO activity was observed at 50 MPa (46%), whereas for POD it was at 400 MPa (25%). Both enzymes showed the maximum activity at C1, after which the activity started to decrease. As expected, the L* color parameter decreased during the entire curing for all treatments. An inverse relationship between the rate of TPC decrease and enzymatic activity loss was found, but the relationship with L* was unclear. HHP appears to be an alternative vanilla killing method; nevertheless, more studies are needed to establish its clear advantages over blanching.
Norcantharidin-Encapsulated C60-Modified Nanomicelles: A Potential Approach to Mitigate Cytotoxicity in Renal Cells and Simultaneously Enhance Anti-Tumor Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Ding Zhongpeng , Xu Beihua , Zhang Huimin , Wang Zhenyu , Sun Luying , Tang Mengjie , Ding Meihong , Zhang Ting , Shi Senlin
Published: November 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the preparation process of DSPE-PEG-C60/NCTD micelles and assess the impact of fullerenol (C60)-modified micelles on the nephrotoxicity and antitumor activity of NCTD. Method: The micelles containing NCTD were prepared using the ultrasonic method and subsequently optimized and characterized. The cytotoxicity of micelles loaded with NCTD was assessed using the CCK-8 method on human hepatoma cell lines HepG2 and BEL-7402, as well as normal cell lines HK-2 and L02. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double staining and flow cytometry were employed to assess the impact of NCTD-loaded micelles on the apoptosis of the HK-2 cells and the HepG2 cells. Additionally, JC-1 fluorescence was utilized to quantify the alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following micelle treatment was determined through 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) staining. Results: The particle size distribution of the DSPE-PEG-C60/NCTD micelles was determined to be 91.57 nm (PDI = 0.231). The zeta potential of the micelles was found to be −13.8 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was measured to be 91.9%. The in vitro release behavior of the micelles followed the Higuchi equation. Cellular experiments demonstrated a notable decrease in the toxicity of the C60-modified micelles against the HK-2 cells, accompanied by an augmented inhibitory effect on cancer cells. Compared to the free NCTD group, the DSPE-PEG-C60 micelles exhibited a decreased apoptosis rate (12%) for the HK-2 cell line, lower than the apoptosis rate observed in the NCTD group (36%) at an NCTD concentration of 75 μM. The rate of apoptosis in the HepG2 cells exhibited a significant increase (49%), surpassing the apoptosis rate observed in the NCTD group (24%) at a concentration of 150 μM NCTD. The HK-2 cells exhibited a reduction in intracellular ROS and an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM) upon exposure to C60-modified micelles compared to the NCTD group. Conclusions: The DSPE-PEG-C60/NCTD micelles, as prepared in this study, demonstrated the ability to decrease cytotoxicity and ROS levels in normal renal cells (HK-2) in vitro. Additionally, these micelles showed an enhanced antitumor activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2, BEL-7402).
Effects of Resveratrol on Mouse B16 Melanoma Cell Proliferation through the SHCBP1-ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yu Xiaoke , Sun Zhiyang , Nie Saiya , Zhang Tao , Lu Hongzhao
Published: November 2023

Melanoma originates from the malignant mutational transformation of melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermal layer of the skin. It can easily spread and metastasize in the early stage, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is particularly important to find effective antitumor adjuvant drugs to inhibit the occurrence and development of melanoma. In this study, we found that resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound from grape plants, can significantly inhibit the proliferation, colony formation and migration of mouse melanoma B16 cells. Notably, resveratrol was also found to inhibit the expression of SHCBP1 in B16 cells. Transcriptional analysis and cellular studies showed that SHCBP1 can activate the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway to regulate cyclin expression and promote the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle by upregulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels. Resveratrol further downregulates the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 by inhibiting SHCBP1 expression, thus inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. In conclusion, resveratrol inhibits the proliferation of B16 cells by regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway through SHCBP1. As an upstream protein of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, SHCBP1 may be involved in the process of resveratrol-mediated inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.
Electrochemistry of Flavonoids
Authors: Naróg Dorota , Sobkowiak Andrzej
Published: November 2023

This review presents a description of the available data from the literature on the electrochemical properties of flavonoids. The emphasis has been placed on the mechanism of oxidation processes and an attempt was made to find a general relation between the observed reaction paths and the structure of flavonoids. Regardless of the solvent used, three potential regions related to flavonoid structures are characteristic of the occurrence of their electrochemical oxidation. The potential values depend on the solvent used. In the less positive potential region, flavonoids, which have an ortho dihydroxy moiety, are reversibly oxidized to corresponding o-quinones. The o-quinones, if they possess a C3 hydroxyl group, react with water to form a benzofuranone derivative (II). In the second potential region, (II) is irreversibly oxidized. In this potential region, some flavonoids without an ortho dihydroxy moiety can also be oxidized to the corresponding p-quinone methides. The oxidation of the hydroxyl groups located in ring A, which are not in the ortho position, occurs in the third potential region at the most positive values. Some discrepancies in the reported reaction mechanisms have been indicated, and this is a good starting point for further investigations.
Transition Metal Catalysts for Atmospheric Heavy Metal Removal: A Review of Current Innovations and Advances
Authors: Ma Qiang , Zhang Xianglong , Li Jie , Zhang Yingjie , Wang Qingyuan , Zeng Li , Yang Yige , Xie Yonghong , Huang Jin
Published: November 2023

Atmospheric heavy metal pollution presents a severe threat to public health and environmental stability. Transition metal catalysts have emerged as a potent solution for the selective capture and removal of these pollutants. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current advancements in the field, emphasizing the efficiency and specificity of nanostructured transition metals, including manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc. Looking forward, we delve into the prospective trajectory of catalyst development, underscoring the need for materials with enhanced stability, regenerability, and environmental compatibility. We project that advancements in computational materials science, nanotechnology, and green chemistry will be pivotal in discovering innovative catalysts that are economically and environmentally sustainable. The integration of smart technologies for real-time monitoring and adaptive control is anticipated to revolutionize heavy metal remediation, ensuring efficient and responsive pollution abatement strategies in the face of evolving industrial scenarios and regulatory landscapes.
Excitation-Controlled Host–Guest Multicolor Luminescence in Lanthanide-Doped Calcium Zirconate for Information Encryption
Authors: Wang Yangbo , Han Yingdong , Liu Runfa , Duan Cunping , Li Huaiyong
Published: November 2023

Efficient control over lanthanide luminescence by regulating excitations offers a real-time and reversible luminescence-managing strategy, which is of great importance and highly desirable for various applications, including multicolor display and information encryption. Herein, we studied the crystal structure, luminescence properties, and mechanisms of undoped and Tb3+/Eu3+-doped CaZrO3 in detail. The intrinsic purple-blue luminescence from host CaZrO3 and the introduced green/red luminescence from guest dopants Tb3+/Eu3+ were found to have different excitation mechanisms and, therefore, different excitation wavelength ranges. This enables the regulation of luminescent color through controlling the excitation wavelengths of Tb3+/Eu3+-doped CaZrO3. Furthermore, preliminary applications for information encryption with these materials were demonstrated using portable UV lamps of 254 and 302 nm. This study not only promotes the development of multicolor luminescence regulation in fixed-composition materials, but also advances the practical applications of lanthanide luminescent materials in visually readable, high-level anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.
A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for the Quantification of Phthalates Esters in Two Important European Food Products: Olive Oil and Wine
Authors: Freitas Flávia , Cabrita Maria João , da Silva Marco Gomes
Published: November 2023

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of chemicals widely used as plasticizers. These compounds, considered toxic, do not bond to the polymeric matrix of plastic and can, therefore, migrate into the surrounding environment, posing a risk to human health. The primary source of human exposure is food, which can become contaminated during cultivation, production, and packaging. Therefore, it is imperative to control and regulate this exposure. This review covers the analytical methods used for their determination in two economically significant products: olive oil and wine. Additionally, it provides a summary and analysis of information regarding the characteristics, toxicity, effects on human health, and current regulations pertaining to PAEs in food. Various approaches for the extraction, purification, and quantification of these analytes are highlighted. Solvent and sorbent-based extraction techniques are reviewed, as are the chromatographic separation and other methods currently applied in the analysis of PAEs in wines and olive oils. The analysis of these contaminants is challenging due to the complexities of the matrices and the widespread presence of PAEs in analytical laboratories, demanding the implementation of appropriate strategies.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Text Message Intervention to Promote Adherence to Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines in a Predominantly Hispanic Sample of Cancer Survivors and Their Informal Caregivers: Results from a Pilot Intervention Trial
Authors: Lopez-Pentecost Melissa , Perkin Sophia , Freylersythe Sarah , Rossi Paola , Rolle LaShae D. , St. George Sara M. , Crane Tracy E.
Published: November 2023

Hispanic cancer survivors face unique barriers to meeting American Cancer Society (ACS) nutrition and physical activity guidelines, which reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality and improve quality of life. This pilot intervention trial evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a two-week ACS guideline-based nutrition and physical activity text message intervention in a predominantly Hispanic sample of cancer survivors and their informal caregivers. A mixed methods approach was used to assess feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Feasibility and acceptability were measured by meeting a-priori cut-offs of >80% for recruitment, retention, and text message response rate. Participants also completed a semi-structured exit interview by telephone that assessed intervention components. Thirteen cancer survivors and six caregivers (n = 19) participated in this pilot study; 78% self-identified as Hispanic. Mean time since treatment completion for survivors was 11.9 years (SD 8.4), and 67% had breast cancer. Cancer survivors had a higher acceptability rate for physical activity (94%) compared to nutrition messages (86%), whereas equal acceptability rates were observed for both types of messages among caregivers (91%). Texting interventions are a feasible, acceptable, and a cost-effective strategy that have the potential to promote lifestyle behavior change among Hispanic cancer survivors and caregivers.