bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of water content on minimum miscibility pressure during CO2 flooding in high water-cut reservoirs
Authors: Zhao Fajun , Guo Qinyuan , Yang Zian , Zhang Changjiang , Zhang Lei , Wang Tianyu , Xue Peiyong
Published: July 2024

This study focused on the X block stratum oil, specifically addressing the application of CO2 displacement technology in enhancing oil recovery under high water content conditions. It systematically investigates the variation of the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) between CO2 and formation oil at water contents of 0%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%. The research employed slim-tube model simulation experiments and theoretical analysis to explore the impact of different water contents on the physical properties of formation oil and the changes in the interaction mechanism between CO2 and crude oil. The results indicate that the MMP of CO2 flooding is the lowest at 31.11 MPa in the absence of water, reaching the highest value of 37.94 MPa at 90% water content. The MMP of the CO2-formation oil system shows a significant upward trend with increasing water content in the formation, which is related to the stability of the water film, the solubility of CO2, and the interfacial tension between oil and water. Meanwhile, high water content leads to the expansion of formation oil volume, increased viscosity, and compositional changes, collectively influencing the results. This study provides theoretical support for the field application of CO2 flooding and offers critical references for optimizing the oil displacement process.
Study of the motion of two-phase systems based on fluid mechanics and physical modelling of fluids
Authors: Dadash-Zade Mirza A. , Cao Ru
Published: July 2024

The movement of bipolar symptoms is discovered through nature and practice. Analyses have shown that the lack of models has limited one to laboratory experiments with limited empirical images of their results. In the last decades, a basic stage has been reached with a large amount of laboratory work and experimental studies, where data and analyses have been systematically processed. In recent years, many works have included reviews of the current state of the problem and the development of individual processes, mainly using empirical methods. In this work, an analytical study of hydrodynamic processes in two-phase flow is presented and subsequently applied under field conditions. This approach avoids the limitations of the field and can be easily used to determine parameters of interest in engineering problems. Our solution is based on the results of mental theory.
The role of Perforation Repair Technology in Extending the Life Cycle of Oil Fields
Authors: Dong Duanwei
Published: July 2024

Perforation repair technology plays an important role in prolonging the life cycle of oil fields. However, the traditional perforation repair method can no longer meet the needs of modern oilfield development. With the continuous growth of artificial intelligence technology, the optimization algorithm based on data analysis and model has achieved remarkable success in many fields. In this paper, an optimization algorithm based on artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed to improve the performance of perforation repair and oil recovery. The algorithm can predict the oil field output under different perforation repair schemes according to the information of geological data, production data and historical data of the oil field, and get the optimal perforation repair scheme through optimization. The results show that this algorithm has obvious advantages compared with the traditional support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, and the error is reduced by 24.58%. By comparing the reservoir state prediction results of SVM algorithm, it is found that the prediction results of ANN are closer to the actual value and can better reflect the actual situation. This method provides new ideas and methods for the optimization and improvement of oil field perforation repair technology, and shows broad prospects for the application of machine learning technology in petroleum engineering.
Land cover changes: Regional verification of global trends with Australia and Argentina as a case study
Authors: Bancheva Alexandra , Grinfeldt Yulia , Tretyachenko Daria , Agoglia Ofelia
Published: July 2024

Land cover change is considered to be one of the main factors of global changes, including climate change and biodiversity loss. This research devoted to an analysis of land cover transformation at regional level, in Australia and Argentina, aiming to verify the global trends of the beginning of XXI century. Basing on the MODIS data, we use rasters for the years 2001, 2012, and 2020, and detect transitions between land cover categories. For the key time period of 2001-2012 we identify land cover transformation processes, compare studied countries, and verify some of the global trends. Then, we discuss some of the natural and anthropogenic factors of land cover changes. One of the most significant process for both countries found out is shrub encroachment, which is a global trend. It is observed on up to hundreds of thousands of square kilometres, and takes 2- 4% of the countries’ areas. Besides this, the widespread processes are the degradation of woody vegetation with an increase in contribution from open spaces in non-forest zones (2-3% of each country area), and overgrowing of croplands (2-3%). In Australia, we detect the increase in contribution from tree vegetation (2% of country area). In Argentina – decline in the contribution from shrublands (2% of country area). The share of total areas of land cover transformation is about the same for the study regions and is estimated about 13-15% of the countries territories.
Potential biodegradable bacteria and their identification
Authors: Omurgazieva Cholpon , Bobushova Saikal , Nurkanbek Aiganysh K. , Tashtanbekova Marjan
Published: July 2024

The article describes soil bacterial isolates isolated from technogenic zones of Kyrgyzstan, possessing high oil-oxidizing and bioemulsifying activity, capable of decomposing petroleum hydrocarbons in the temperature range of 4 - 39°C at pH 4 - 9 in the presence of 18% salt. Our research has confirmed the possibility of bioremediation of the damage caused to soils as a result of chemical pollution of soils (lands) due to spillage of oil products on the territory of the oil depot in Balykchy city of Kyrgyzstan. The used bacterial consortium consisting of spore-forming bacteria of Bacillus genus: B1-025-4(2), B1-05-3(2), B1-025-5 had high oil-degrading activity both at low (4°C) and moderate (18-25°C) temperatures. In this work, special attention was paid to the molecular genetic properties of 4 bacterial strains isolated from oil-contaminated and different types of soils. The maximum biodegradability of these strains for many hydrocarbons (hexadecane, benzene, naphthalene, diesel fuel, gasoline) was also noted. Based on physiological-biochemical and molecular genetic analysis, the isolated petroleum destructor bacteria were found to belong to Bacillus pumilus (strains B1-05-3(2) and B1-025-4(2), B1-025-5) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain H-5-2). These selected strong bacterial strains are of great interest for biotechnological applications as effective microorganisms for environmental cleaning. Keywords: bacteria-destructors, effective strains, oil-contaminated soil, bioremediation, identification, molecular methods.
Use of different types of reagents before wastewater treatment by biofiltration technology
Authors: Starostin Pavel , Shatalov Andrey
Published: July 2024

Biofilters are used for biological wastewater treatment and refer to facilities in which the process of water treatment is carried out with the help of biofilm attached to the load. The use of these filters is becoming more and more relevant in the modern world due to the growing pollution of the environment. This method is effective in treating wastewater from organic matter. It is more environmentally friendly and sustainable. The purpose of this work is to perform a set of analyses of incoming raw sewage treatment and obtain technological parameters of the process of reagent treatment to reduce pollution before the use of biofiltration. The research was carried out by laboratory tests, the direction of which was to determine: the optimal types of reagents, points and sequence of their dosing, correlation of sedimentation/removal of compounds of pollutants depending on the change in doses of reagents, the effectiveness of using different coagulants and flocculants, the optimal combination of reagents. As a result of the laboratory tests conducted, the study of pretreatment issues before the main stage of treatment on biofilters was carried out, the initial data obtained by sampling from the industrial site were analyzed, and a feasibility study of the choice of biofiltration technology was given.
Sustainable Development Goals in Brazil in the context of the global environmental Agenda 21 (using the example of SDG 15)
Authors: Grinfeldt Yulia , Kurbanov Artemiy , Vershinina Inna
Published: July 2024

The article examines the policy of one of the Latin American countries, Brazil, in the field of achieving SDG 15 (Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss). Some aspects of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals have been identified. The research is based on a systemic approach using statistical and neural network analysis methods. The research revealed a contradiction expressed in the priorities of SDG 15 and Brazil’s institutional capabilities. For Brazil, the key problem is the deforestation, the reduction of biodiversity, and land degradation.
Prediction of nocturnal ventilation by pulmonary function testing in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Tress Friederike , Luecke Eva , Stegemann-Koniszewski Sabine , Lux Anke , Singla Abhinav , Schreiber Jens
Published: July 2024

Background In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) prognosis is poor due to progressive weakening of the respiratory muscles. Survival and quality of life can be improved by noninvasive ventilation (NIV), which is initially applied while sleeping. The indication for NIV is based on pulmonary function testing (PFT) and polysomnography (PSG) with capnography (tCO2). While it is desirable to predict nocturnal ventilation by waking PFT in ALS, the parameters suited for reliable predictions remain elusive.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed parameters derived from PFT (spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusion capacity, respiratory muscle testing) and blood gas analysis, PSG and tCO2 in 42 patients with ALS (27 men, 15 women, age 69 ± 12.1 years) and performed Spearman’s correlation analysis of daytime waking parameters and nighttime sleep parameters.

Results 28 patients (66.7%) showed restrictive impairment of ventilation and 15 patients (48.3%) showed insufficiency of the respiratory musculature. There was no obstructive impairment of ventilation. We did not observe any significant correlations between any single daytime PFT parameter with nocturnal pCO2. However, there were significant correlations between the ratios PIF/PEF, MEF50/MIF50, DLCO/VA as well as FEV1/FVC and nocturnal pCO2. Highly normal FEV1/FVC and Krogh-Factor (DLCOc/VA) indicated nocturnal hypercapnia. Furthermore, waking hypercapnia, concentrations of bicarbonate and base excess were each positively correlated with nocturnal hypercapnia.

Conclusions Waking PFT is not a good predictor of nocturnal ventilation. Inspiratory parameters as well as the ratios FEV1/FVC and DLCO/VA performed best and should be included in the interpretation. Our analyses confirm the relevance of inspiratory muscle weakness in ALS. PSG and tCO2 remain the gold standard for the assessment of nocturnal ventilation.
K-Vitamine in der osteologischen Praxis – eine kritische
Perspektive
Authors: Popp Albrecht W.
Published: July 2024

Die Aktivierung von Osteocalcin zur Bindung von Calcium in der extrazellulären
Knochenmatrix ist Vitamin K-abhängig. Beim gesunden Erwachsenen ist ein
erworbener Vitamin K-Mangel selten, er spielt aber eine wichtige Rolle bei
chronischen Erkrankungen wie Diabetes, Rheuma, Malabsorption, gestörter Leber-
und Pankreasfunktion und besonders bei PatientInnen mit Ausfall der
Nierenfunktion an der Dialyse. Ausreichend sensitive Nachweismethoden sind
aufwändig und noch nicht routinemäßig verfügbar, Massenspektrometrische Methoden
werden entwickelt. Prospektiv, randomisiert kontrollierte Studien zeigen
hinsichtlich eines Fraktur-verhindernden Effektes inkonsistente Resultate. Eine
generelle Supplementation wird daher nicht empfohlen.
Universal correlation for the critical diameter of deterministic lateral displacement devices with polygonal posts
Authors: Das Sourabh , Gupta Ishaan , Singh Bahga Supreet
Published: July 2024

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a microfluidic technique that utilizes a specific array of micro-posts to separate cells or particles larger and smaller than a critical diameter. The critical diameter depends on the shape of the posts, the gap between the posts, and the relative shift between the adjacent rows of posts. Here, we present an experimental and numerical investigation to elucidate the functional dependence of the critical diameter of DLD arrays with polygonal posts on the geometric parameters. Based on simulations of fluid flow through DLD devices with varying geometric parameters, we first derived a correlation to predict the critical diameter of DLD arrays with polygonal post shapes having an arbitrary number of sides. We then used a novel experimental approach, wherein we coupled different DLD arrays with an upstream droplet generator to flow droplets of varying sizes and estimate the critical diameter. The critical diameter predicted by the correlation based on simulations compares well with our experimental data and with data available in the literature. The universal correlation for a critical diameter presented here can help design and optimize DLD devices with polygonal posts.
Antigenic cartography using variant-specific hamster sera reveals substantial antigenic variation among Omicron subvariants
Authors: Mühlemann Barbara , Trimpert Jakob , Walper Felix , Schmidt Marie L. , Jansen Jenny , Schroeder Simon , Jeworowski Lara M. , Beheim-Schwarzbach Jörn , Bleicker Tobias , Niemeyer Daniela , Richter Anja , Adler Julia M. , Vidal Ricardo Martin , Langner Christine , Vladimirova Daria , Wilks Samuel H. , Smith Derek J. , Voß Mathias , Paltzow Lea , Martínez Christophersen Christina , Rose Ruben , Krumbholz Andi , Jones Terry C. , Corman Victor M. , Drosten Christian
Published: July 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed substantial antigenic variability. As the majority of the population now has pre-existing immunity due to infection or vaccination, the use of experimentally generated animal immune sera can be valuable for measuring antigenic differences between virus variants. Here, we immunized Syrian hamsters by two successive infections with one of nine SARS-CoV-2 variants. Their sera were titrated against 16 SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the resulting titers were visualized using antigenic cartography. The antigenic map shows a condensed cluster containing all pre-Omicron variants (D614G, Alpha, Delta, Beta, Mu, and an engineered B.1+E484K variant) and considerably more diversity among a selected panel of Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, the BA.5 descendants BF.7 and BQ.1.18, the BA.2.75 descendant BN.1.3.1, the BA.2-derived recombinants XBB.2 and EG.5.1, and the BA.2.86 descendant JN.1). Some Omicron subvariants were as antigenically distinct from each other as the wildtype is from the Omicron BA.1 variant. Compared to titers measured in human sera, titers in hamster sera are of higher magnitude, show less fold change, and result in a more compact antigenic map topology. The results highlight the potential of sera from hamsters for the continued antigenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2.
In utero delivery of targeted ionizable lipid nanoparticles facilitates in vivo gene editing of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Palanki Rohan , Riley John S. , Bose Sourav K. , Luks Valerie , Dave Apeksha , Kus Nicole , White Brandon M. , Ricciardi Adele S. , Swingle Kelsey L. , Xue Lulu , Sung Derek , Thatte Ajay S. , Safford Hannah C. , Chaluvadi Venkata S. , Carpenter Marco , Han Emily L. , Maganti Rohin , Hamilton Alex G. , Mrksich Kaitlin , Billingsley Margaret B. , Zoltick Philip W. , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Weissman Drew , Mitchell Michael J. , Peranteau William H.
Published: July 2024

Monogenic blood diseases are among the most common genetic disorders worldwide. These diseases result in significant pediatric and adult morbidity, and some can result in death prior to birth. Novel ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene editing therapies hold tremendous promise to alter the therapeutic landscape but are not without potential limitations. In vivo gene editing therapies offer a potentially safer and more accessible treatment for these diseases but are hindered by a lack of delivery vectors targeting HSCs, which reside in the difficult-to-access bone marrow niche. Here, we propose that this biological barrier can be overcome by taking advantage of HSC residence in the easily accessible liver during fetal development. To facilitate the delivery of gene editing cargo to fetal HSCs, we developed an ionizable lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform targeting the CD45 receptor on the surface of HSCs. After validating that targeted LNPs improved messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) delivery to hematopoietic lineage cells via a CD45-specific mechanism in vitro, we demonstrated that this platform mediated safe, potent, and long-term gene modulation of HSCs in vivo in multiple mouse models. We further optimized this LNP platform in vitro to encapsulate and deliver CRISPR-based nucleic acid cargos. Finally, we showed that optimized and targeted LNPs enhanced gene editing at a proof-of-concept locus in fetal HSCs after a single in utero intravenous injection. By targeting HSCs in vivo during fetal development, our Systematically optimized Targeted Editing Machinery (STEM) LNPs may provide a translatable strategy to treat monogenic blood diseases before birth.
Equity implications of efficient water conservation programs
Authors: Azizi Koorosh , Barnes Jesse L , Anderies John M , Garcia Margaret
Published: July 2024

Urban water management is increasingly challenged by the need to balance cost-effectiveness with equity considerations. This study presents a multi-objective approach to water conservation within the Las Vegas valley water district, analyzing a comprehensive dataset of water consumption and socioeconomic indicators across all single-family residences. We assess policy scenarios under two primary objectives: maximizing water savings to enhance economic efficiency and improving water affordability to promote equity. Our analysis reveals that while strategies focused on water savings reduce water use more efficiently, they tend to favor higher-income, predominantly white neighborhoods whereas prioritizing water affordability shifts resources towards lower-income, communities of color. The analysis of intermediate policy scenarios reveals the trade-offs and potential synergies between water savings and affordability. Our findings suggest that local water sustainability can be achieved by allocating resources to both high-demand and socioeconomically disadvantaged households. Highlighting the importance of integrating equity considerations into water management policies, this study provides insights for policymakers in crafting more inclusive and sustainable urban water management practices.
Liquefaction Potential Analysis of Irrigation Canals at Sidera Area-Sigi Regency
Authors: Dinastiyanto T. , Hardiyatmo H.C. , Pratiwi E. P. A.
Published: July 2024

An earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale that occurred in Palu on 28 September 2018 resulted in liquefaction where the soil lost its bearing capacity due to increased pore water pressure. The liquefaction disaster caused great damage to the Gumbasa Irrigation channel, a large part of which is in the alluvial fan area. This study aims to analyze the potential of liquefaction in irrigation canals in the Sidera village area, Sigi Regency. Using SPT (Standard Penetration Test) data from 2 boreholes with a depth of ± 20 m, MASW data, and Earthquake Risk Map. Researchers analyzed with the Seed Simplified Procedure approach, The researchers analyzed the Simplified Procedure method proposed by Seed, which uses a stress-based approach that uses the ratio of soil shear strength (CRR) and earthquake-induced soil shear stress (CSR). The results of the analysis using Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of 0.43 and groundwater level variations of -2.85 m (borehole BM 53) and -12.5m (Borehole BM 49) show that liquefaction occurs at depths of 4-8 m (BM 53) and 14-17 m (BM 49). The value of the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) increases and indicates a high liquefaction potential below the water table with the highest value of 17.88. The analysis shows that liquefaction is closely related to the shallow water table, soil type, and low N-SPT values. The high liquefaction potential requires prevention methods as a form of treatment.
Comparison between NDVI and InSAR data coherence in deformation analysis caused by the 2022 Pasaman earthquake
Authors: Hajashafira C , Muksin U , Syahreza S
Published: July 2024

One of the destructive earthquakes occurred in Pasaman Barat on February 25, 2022, with a magnitude of 6.1 Mw that caused 27 deaths, 19,221 people evacuated, and an estimated 6,627 houses destroyed. Currently, InSAR is one of the fastest methods to analyze the deformation impacted by an earthquake from processing Sentinel-1 Single Look Complex images. Analyzing the deformation of the 2022 Pasaman Earthquake using InSAR could be challenging because the area consists of high vegetation. It can cause decorrelation due to time difference which increases the possibility of the low coherence value of this data. Excluding the low-coherence result is essential for a better interpretation. This study will analyze the correlation between NDVI and interferogram coherence and eliminate low-coherence data for the displacement deformation map. The NDVI value was calculated using band 4 (Red) and band 5 (NIR) from Landsat 8 images. The InSAR was processed using SNAP, starting from interferogram formation until the conversion phase into displacements, and the map visualization was designed using QGIS. This application of the InSAR method (ascending mode) from Sentinel-1 SAR images can show the deformation, but the coherence level is relatively low. Deformations around the earthquake are shown as uplift and subsidence near the epicenter of the 2022 Pasaman Earthquakes. The high value of vegetation density in the study area causes low coherence between images, so the fringes that identify deformation due to the 2022 Pasaman Earthquake were not seen significantly for the entire study area.
Effects of Soil Liquefaction to Foundation Bearing Capacity Based on Empirical and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Setyadi G P , Rifa’i A , Indrawan I G B
Published: July 2024

Soil liquefaction is one of the collateral hazards of earthquakes which can cause a soil layer to lose its bearing capacity, which can affect the stability of structures. Failure of a building structure can cost many lives, especially in strategic buildings. This research discusses bored pile foundations from the planned construction of elevated road in the Purwomartani area which located in moderate liquefaction vulnerability zone. The objective of this study is to estimate the influence of soil liquefaction on pile foundation capacity in elevated road construction plan in Purwomartani. This research uses empirical approach of Reese and O’Neil 1989 to calculate the axial bearing capacity of the pile under static and liquefaction conditions, and numerical simulation with the help of RSPile software to model the soil-pile interaction and the pile displacement under lateral loading. The data used in this research includes liquefaction potential data, foundation profile, soil investigation, standard penetration test, and laboratory tests. The analysis results showed that liquefaction caused a reduction in the foundation bearing capacity where axial bearing capacity reduce about 39,92 – 21,28% and lateral bearing capacity reduce by 5,31%.
Utilization of satellite data for landslide disaster mitigation in extreme event: a case study June 18, 2016, landslide in Banjarnegara Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Lestiana Hilda , Sukristiyanti Sukristiyanti , Fajar Saputra Okta , Agus Ahmid Deden , Iqbal Prahara , Joko Trilaksono Nurjanna , Tohari Adrin , Saepuloh Asep
Published: July 2024

Understanding the characteristics of landslides produced by rainfall and soil humidity is critical for reducing the occurrence of landslides. Extreme rain, as an external impact, has been suggested to play a role in landslide development. Many people were killed in a landslide that occurred in the Banjarnegara Regency on June 18, 2016, which was unexpected because June is not Indonesia’s rainy season. El Niño and La Niña events were observed in Indonesia in 2015-2016. The initial hypothesis is that such extreme rain conditions caused this landslide. This study aims to apply an alternative approach to detecting landslides by monitoring soil moisture and rainfall with remote sensing data during extreme events. An analysis of precipitation and moisture data has been carried out before the event and is associated with the El Niño and La Niña phenomena. The findings indicate that the natural environment of Banjarnegara Regency is unique. Landslides occur even during the extreme dry season. Rain still drops, and soil moisture is high. The impact of local variables is more significant than regional conditions. They are still at risk of a landslide during the El Niño phase. During that stage, Banjarnegara Regency’s potential landslide area would continue to be observed. Monitoring needs to be carried out rapidly, with a high level of spatial and temporal resolution. It is possible to resolve it using IMERG and SMAP data.
Active faults along Indonesia’s first high-speed rail line
Authors: Aribowo Sonny , Hidayat Edi , Rizkita Puji Anggraini , Dani Wardhana Dadan , Hanif Muhammad , Ramadian Aldrin , Rahmawan Daryono Mudrik
Published: July 2024

The cities of Jakarta and Bandung, two vital hubs in the western part of Java, are now connected by a high-speed rail line. However, potential earthquake hazards arise as the line intersects two active faults in West Java. To address this concern, we conducted a detailed geomorphological analysis using high-resolution DEM data (8-meter resolution) combine with 30-m resolution data to locate fault lines along the rail infrastructure. In the north, the line intersects the West Java back-arc thrust, while in the south, it crosses the junction of the Lembang Fault and Cimandiri Fault in Padalarang. However, young deposits and vegetation still could obscure fault traces in specific areas observed from high-resolution DEM data. To overcome this challenge, we employed UAV drone mapping to capture finer geomorphology details. This information then combined with paleoseismology trenching to uncover the active structural features. The aim is to enhance the railway’s resilience; and build monitoring and early warning systems for the high-speed train operation system to seismic events.
Development of Seismic microzonation for Rancaekek Sub-District using microtremor method
Authors: Yulians Melya , Tohari Adrin , Pandu Gya Nur Rochman Juan
Published: July 2024

Rancaekek sub-district located in the Bandung Regency is geologically characterized by soft and loose sediment layers such as clays, silts, and sands associated with the old Bandung Lake. Due to the existence of the Sesar Lembang Fault, the Rancaekek area is also vulnerable to seismic disasters. To provide knowledge on seismic vulnerability, therefore, a seismic microzonation study was conducted at 25 locations in the Rancaekek area using the microtremor method. Based on the available microtremor measurement data, the seismic vulnerability of the Rancaekek sub-district varies from one area to another. Amongst other areas Northern part of Bojongloa, Northern part of Rancaekek Wetan and Northern part of Jelegong areas are the most vulnerable to seismic damage because these areas have low dominant frequencies with medium amplification zones, and low Vs30 values ranging from 90 to 127 m/s. Thus, any building and infrastructure development in these areas should follow the national building code to reduce damage due to earthquake shaking.
The preliminary investigation on the microplastic removal using column flotation: effects of kerosene on the floatability of microplastics
Authors: Srichonphaisarn P , Julapong P , Juntarasakul O , Phengsaart T
Published: July 2024

Microplastics (MPs), 1 to 5000 µm plastics particle, present grave environmental challenges due to their wide distribution in water and difficulty of removal due to their small size. As these particles persist in aquatic ecosystems, effective removal methods are urgently needed. The small size, low density, and high hydrophobicity of MPs not only facilitate their spread but also enhance their potential toxicity. MPs can adsorb toxic compounds and heavy metals, posing risks to both humans and wildlife through ingestion and inhalation. According to the properties of MPs, column flotation, a surface-based separation technique suitable for fine particles, might have a potential to remove MPs from contaminated water and to achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) #Goal14 “Life below Water”. In this study, the effects of kerosene dosage on the floatability of microplastics in column flotation were preliminarily investigated. The result showed that the kerosene could enhance the floatability and density of MPs also show significant effects on removal rate.
Study of The Axial and Lateral Bearing Capacity of Bored Piles Affected by Liquefaction
Authors: Satilah S. E. , Hardiyatmo H. C. , Satyarno I.
Published: July 2024

Liquefaction can lead to structural failure as it reduces the bearing capacity of building foundations. This phenomenon occurs in saturated sandy soils where pore water pressure increases, significantly decreasing effective soil stress. Evaluating the axial and lateral bearing capacity of bored piles affected by liquefaction is crucial to ensure the stability and performance of foundation systems. This study focuses on assessing the capabilities of bored piles in the Governor’s Office of Sulawesi Barat Province, which are influenced by liquefaction phenomena. The empirical approach applied the O’Neill and Reese 1989 method, while the numerical approach used RS Pile. The calculation results revealed decreased axial bearing capacity under liquefaction conditions. In non-liquefaction, PC.4 can withstand up to 24946 kN, with displacements of 0.94 cm (x), 0.39 cm (y), and 1.12 cm in settlement. In liquefaction, it decreases to 2876.78 kN, with displacements of 1.32 cm (x), 0.86 cm (y), and 1.68 cm in settlement. In non-liquefaction, PC.3 can withstand up to 17407.93 kN with displacements of 0.02 cm (x), 0.04 cm (y), and 0.06 cm in settlement. In liquefaction, it decreases to 1713.05 kN, with displacements of 0.02 cm (x), 0.05 cm (y), and 0.07 cm in settlement.
Detecting Geothermal Phenomena at Sikidang Crater Area Based on Ground Penetrating Radar Method
Authors: Nurapita K K R , Samodra S B , Utami P
Published: July 2024

Sikidang Crater (2000 masl) is one of the leading tourist sites in the Dieng area. However, not many people realise that Sikidang Crater is located in the Dieng Volcanic Complex where most of the volcanoes belong to the type A category. Sikidang Crater is one of the main geothermal manifestations occupied by mud pools, solfatara, fumaroles, and altered rocks. These manifestations have potential geological hazards such as toxic gases, base surge, and mud explosions. On the other hand, it has a high level of human activity that increases the risk of disasters. As an effort to prevent and mitigate disasters, it is necessary to know the subsurface geological conditions of the crater. This study aims to determine the subsurface geological conditions of the crater.

This research uses the methods of detailed geological mapping, manifestation observation, and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) geophysical survey. The tool used is Akula Geoscanner 9000C running at 64.75 Hz frequency, capable of penetrating 50 meters deep, and has a vertical resolution of > 0.85 meters.

Sikidang Crater is located at the southeastern foot of Mount Pangonan and it forms semicircular like a horseshoe. According to Van Zuidam, the crater is classified as a solfatara and fumarole field geomorphology unit. The lithology of this area is dominated by the eruption products of Mount Pangonan. In general, radargrams resulting from GPR surveys show various amplitudes of reflected electromagnetic waves. This is consistent when correlated with the variation in rock density of the research area. At some points, there is a decrease in electromagnetic wave velocity due to contrast in dielectric constant values, which is interpreted as geothermal fluid flow towards the surface. The potential level of geothermal fluid flow is classified into high, medium, low, and none based on the density of potential points seen in the radargram.
A Preliminary Study: Physicochemical Characteristics and the Recommendations for Industrial Application of the Mlaten Clay Materials, Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Luqman S A , Titisari A D , Hendratno A
Published: July 2024

Clays are industrial minerals that are widely utilized for various industrial fields. Eastern Java has a high potential of clay minerals (±348 million tons), including Mojokerto. The research location is in Mlaten and its surroundings, Mojokerto, East Java and covers an area of ± 16 km2. The massive utilization and potential in this area has not been comprehensively followed by research and exploration of clay minerals. In this case, the potential of clay minerals needs to be investigated so that prospective locations can be determined along with recommendations for optimal utilization. To determine the physical properties, which are plasticity test, grain size test, and forming water test, were conducted on 3 samples of raw clay and 1 sample of industrial clay. Furthermore, the geochemical analysis is to determine the major oxide compounds and was conducted on 8 raw clay samples. The lithology units of the study area can be divided into 2 units, consisting of sand-clay unit and weathered upper Quaternary volcanic unit. The Mlaten clay deposits are found in both units. Physical characteristics of clay in Mlaten are consisting of 2,34% - 2,47% clay grain size and having of moderate to high plasticity. The recommendation for forming water in clay utilization ranges from 15-43%. On the other side, Mlaten clay is geochemically characterized by high content of SiO2 (50-59,6%), Fe2O3 (7,24-10,15%), and Al2O3 (16,9-19,9%), but low content of K2O (0,63-1,04%), Na2O (1,44-2,49%), MgO (1,04-1,96%), and CaO (2,42-4,87%). Based on the physicochemical characteristics, Mlaten clay are recommended as raw materials for the manufacture of earthenware ceramic industry, cement industry, and as absorbents in the palm oil industry.
Facies Analysis Using Attribute Seismic With Simply Rock Typing in Field “X” Kutai Basin
Authors: Ajeng Kinanti Dafina , Komara Eki , Ariyanti Nita
Published: July 2024

Field X is one of the hydrocarbons producing fields in the Kutai Basin which is one of the largest and deepest tertiary basins producing the second largest hydrocarbon production in Indonesia with 2.47MMBO oil reserves and 28.1 TCF gas. Based on qualitative analysis, the target zone in the four wells is estimated to be within the range of 1050 – 1400 ms. Sensitivity analysis was employed to determine the most sensitive parameters capable of distinguishing lithology within the formation. To ascertain the optimal number of attributes to be used, linear regression was employed, resulting in the selection of 12 attributes with a correlation coefficient of 0.919. Concurrently, log data was utilized for electro facies analysis. Electro facies analysis involved interpreting the shape of the gamma-ray curve, which indicated that the deposition setting in the four wells resembled a delta system. Additionally, rock typing was employed to classify rocks based on wet clay shale parameters, yielding information about the direction and more detailed settings of deposition. The results from the multi-attribute method, rock typing, and electro facies analysis, it was determined that Field X was deposited in a tidal delta to delta front environment, with a deposition direction from North to South.
Geostatistical Models and Estimation of Laterite Nickel Ore Reserves, Marombo Block, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nunusara Werdhi , Maulana Adi , Tonggiroh Adi
Published: July 2024

Geostatistical modeling in this study requires a distribution of drill points that have a fixed dimension so that they can produce a reserve accuracy match that is the same as the variograph. The choice of reserve estimation method is prioritized by determining the geological domains of limonite, saprolite and bedrock through a geostatistical approach, namely ordinary krigging (OK) and inverse distance weight (IDW) with the JORC standard (2012), for the accuracy of the limonite and saprolite zone boundaries. The reserve model has shown a definite model of the limonite and saprolite zones and can be used further. By using simulations on cut-off grade (COG) to calculate resources and classify mineral resources, the estimation results obtained mean nickel levels above 1.40% so that the CoG to be used must be greater than Ni 0.90% for limonite, and Ni 1.10% for saprolite. The results of modeling the geometry of laterite nickel ore obtained that the total tonnage shown in limonite was 0.36 wmt (wet metric ton), inferred 0.10 wmt, and indicated in saprolite was 0.58 wmt, inferred was 0.40 wmt.
Co, Sc, and Ni enrichment in the Cagdianao nickel laterite deposit, Dinagat Islands, Philippines
Authors: Barrientos M A , Gabo-Ratio J A , Yamada T , Jabagat K , Francisco A M , Yonezu K
Published: July 2024

Nickel laterites are soils that are derived from the weathering of mafic and ultramafic rocks. These deposits are being extracted mostly for their economic Ni and Fe content. However, in recent studies, the potential of nickel laterites to hold significant amounts of critical metals such as Sc and Co are already being investigated.

In the Philippines, nickel laterite deposits form through the weathering of ophiolitic units. One of these is the Cagdianao nickel laterite deposit which was derived from the weathering of the ultramafic units of the Dinagat Ophiolite Complex in Dinagat Island, Surigao Del Norte, Philippines.

The bedrock of the Dinagat Ophiolite Complex is dominantly comprised of harzburgite. This harzburgite bedrock is overlain by a nickel laterite profile consisting of horizons of Mg- and Si-rich rocky saprolite, earthy saprolite, Fe-rich limonite, and an Al-rich topsoil. Drillcores and field exposures of the nickel laterite profile were observed, sampled, and subjected to petrography, whole rock geochemistry (XRF and ICPMS), and mineral chemistry (LA-ICPMS) analyses.

In terms of major elements, Fe is dominant in the limonite zone (up to 59.76 wt.%). Mg and Si are more enriched in the rocky saprolite layer (up to 28.41 and 37.41 wt.%, respectively). In terms of the critical minerals, Ni is more enriched in the saprolite zone (up to 29936 ppm) while Co and Sc are more enriched in the limonite zone (up to 1080 and 86 ppm, respectively). Elemental mapping of the bedrock samples reveals the strong affinity of Ni to olivine and serpentine. Sc was revealed to have a greater affinity with orthopyroxenes. Lastly, Co is observed to have a slight affinity with olivine.

These results show a relative enrichment of Co in the profile, particularly in the limonite. Co within the laterite profile also has a very strong affinity with MnO. Similarly, the highest concentration values for Sc were also observed in the limonite. It also exhibits an affinity for Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Lastly, Ni was observed to have a strong affinity with olivine and serpentine minerals in the bedrock and the rocky saprolite horizons.

Within the deposit, Ni is the main commodity while Co, Sc, and REEs can be considered as by-products.
The feasibility and efficiency of fly ash as an absorbent for phosphate removal
Authors: Juntarasakul O , Vercruysee J , Roongcharoen P , Pimolrat J , Rawangphai M , Phengsaart T
Published: July 2024

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient required for the growth and development of plants, animals, and microorganisms. However, excessive phosphorus in wastewater can cause detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, leading to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Thus, the removal of phosphorus from wastewater is crucial to protect water bodies and maintain environmental sustainability. The removal mechanism of phosphorus by fly ash involves both physical and chemical processes. The high surface area and porosity of fly ash facilitate the adsorption of phosphorus molecules onto its surface, while the presence of calcium and aluminium oxides in fly ash enables the formation of stable precipitates with phosphorus in the solution. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of fly ash as an absorbent for phosphorus removal. These studies have demonstrated that fly ash can effectively remove phosphorus from wastewater, achieving removal efficiencies of up to 90%. The performance of fly ash as an absorbent can be enhanced through various strategies, such as modification with reactive substances or combining it with other materials. Objective of this study is parameters that effect on phosphorus absorption using fly ash as absorbent. The results showed that increasing pH decrease % removal.
Direct Field Curve Fitting Method to Determine Hardening Soil Parameter for Geotechnical Projects
Authors: Sandi Tazakka Merdeka , Adi Tirta Budiwan
Published: July 2024

In a wide archipelago country like Indonesia, transporting soil samples for laboratory tests are quite a bit of challenge in terms of cost and time as those need to be transported for weeks to nearest big cities. In-situ tests and correlation methods can be used as an alternative solution for preliminary or detailed design beside having on site laboratory. Correlating in-situ test results to hardening soil parameter (e.g. E
50) is common but it is not clear how those should be adjusted for Plaxis input. Two deep excavation projects and a lateral pile load test are used to see the performance of direct field curve fitting method utilizing SPT correlation to HS parameter. From the analysis, using E
50=4000N for clay soils and E
50=2800N for sand soils as upper bound parameters produce the best results with lesser discrepancy with the field measurements compared to calculations with lower bound parameters. For the deep excavation cases (Case 1 and Case 2), calculated lateral displacement results using upper bound parameters overestimates inclinometers measurement for less than 1.5 cm for both cases. For the case of lateral pile load test (Case 3), calculation using upper bound parameters succeed to capture a high detail of unloading-reloading curves similar to the actual measurement. This method can be used as a technique to design geotechnical projects and it proposes a framework for future research regarding a new possibility to establish various E
50 correlations.
Paleodepositional Environment of Kaliwangu Formation based on Mollusc Fossils Assemblage in Ciwaringin River, Leuwimunding Area, Majalengka, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suharyogi I Y P , Sari R A P
Published: July 2024

The Kaliwangu Formation in the Leuwimunding area, Majalengka Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia is exposed in the Ciwaringin River and its tributaries. This location contains abundant mollusc fossils. However, it has not been mentioned in the Javan Mollusk Neogen Stages. The exposed rocks are Pliocene sandstones and claystones layers. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in the paleodepositional environment at the study site based on the mollusc fossils content. Data was collected from fieldwork by measured section in 8 observation locations containing mollusc fossils along the Ciwaringin River. The mollusc fossils of the rework results were separated, then an association was made for the molluscs based on the abundant fossils found in each layer. The results of the preparation of fossils on 11 rock samples obtained 309 individuals from 63 specimens of molluscs. From these samples, there are 11 mollusc association were determined. The sequence from bottom to top are: Marginella ventricosa sangiranensis association, Arca nodosa association, Paphia sp. association, Turritella simplex – Placuna sp. associations, Natica zebra – Bicorbula tjiguhanensis association, Timoclea bataviana – Turritella bantamensis association, Nassaria suturalis tjemoroensis association, Ostrea sp. association, Timoclea bataviana association, Arca nodosa – Columbella sp. association, and Turritella djadjariensis – Turritella javana association. The mollusc fossils association shows 3 paleodepositional environments and there are 6 changes in the paleodepositional environment, namely from intertidal – subtidal to intertidal, shallow marine, subtidal, shallow marine, subtidal, and returning to shallow marine. In general, there was a rise in sea level at this location.
Surface deformation analysis due to the Poso earthquake on May 29, 2017 using the DInSAR method
Authors: Trismahargyono  , Puspita A , Pertiwi II , Agustan  , Sinki KP
Published: July 2024

Deformation can be a significant parameter in determining the presence and impact of an earthquake. The amount of deformation can be obtained from SAR image data using the InSAR and DinSAR methods. The DinSAR (Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) method is a well-developed method for observing subsidence and uplift with high accuracy in centimeters (cm). In this study, SAR imagery is used to detect surface deformation caused by the earthquake was happened on May 29, 2017, at 21:35:23 WIB in the Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi. The data used is Sentinel-1 satellite imagery data in single-look complex (SLC) format consisting of Master image recorded on May 19, 2017 (10 days before the main earthquake occurred) and Slave image recorded on May 31, 2017 (2 days after the main earthquake occurred). The interferogram formed during the Poso earthquake is around the main earthquake directions from the Southwest, South, to the Southeast. The amount of deformation generated in the deformation phase (wrapped phase) is in the form of negative and positive phase values. Negative phase values indicate areas experiencing deformation in the form of subsidence. The positive phase values indicate areas experiencing uplift. The results of unwrapping the SAR imagery obtained a maximum uplift deformation value of 0.0663 meters, spread over the areas of North Pesisir Poso District, Lore Peore District, Central Lore District, South Coastal Poso District, and East Lore District. The maximum subsidence deformation values (0.076 meters) that are quite large are spread in the North Coastal Poso District, Poso Coastal District, Lage District, and Lore Tengah District.