bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroglossal cyst as a metastasis of microcarcinoma of thyroid cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Franzi Sergio Altino , Souza Tania Regina de Bastos
Published: August 2021

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroglossal cyst is clinically like the benign lesion in adults aged 15-45 year, with a higher incidence in females. It is a congenital anomaly of the midline of the neck and have the clinical worsening related to infections of high aerodigestive routes. We discuss clinical assess, diagnosis, surgery, hormonal suppression, radioiodine therapy, and prognosis in a patient with a complaint of nodule in the neck, and to the ultrasonography an image suggestive of the thyroglossal cyst without alteration of thyroid gland. He was submitted to Sistrunk's surgery and the anatomopathological exam revealed papillary carcinoma, and we do not find normal thyroid follicles in the thyroglossal cyst wall. We perform the total thyroidectomy by the thyroid alterations, showing in the anatomopathological exam a thyroid microcarcinoma. We completed by hormonal suppression and radioiodine therapy. The prognosis is favorable and the patient presented asymptomatic until now.
La formación tecnológica del profesorado de música en Educación Secundaria. Un estudio de intervención basado en la integración de contenidos musicales, tecnológicos y pedagógicos en la Universidad de Valencia.
Authors: Thayer Tomás , Tejada Jesús , Murillo Adolf
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio forma parte de un trabajo de mayor alcance realizado en Chile y España.  Su objetivo ha sido fortalecer la formación tecnológica de los futuros profesores de música en Ed. Secundaria mediante el diseño, la implementación y la evaluación de una materia en dos cohortes consecutivas (cohortes 2017 y 2018, n= 81). En el diseño de intervención se tuvo en cuenta en su diseño componentes de alfabetización tecnológica, y dos estrategias de aprendizaje: proyectos (ABP) y trabajo cooperativo. La novedad del diseño consiste en la adaptación de un marco teórico de integración de contenidos disciplinares-tecnológicos-pedagógicos denominado TPACK que intenta favorecer la comprensión de la tecnología y su aplicación en la práctica docente de aula. Los productos de formación, objetos de los proyectos de trabajo, fueron materiales didácticos aplicables en el aula de Ed. Secundaria. Los resultados de ambas cohortes sugieren que los componentes caracterizadores de la intervención pueden ayudar a planificar de forma más reflexiva el uso de la tecnología musical en el aula. Además, el alumnado afirma que mejoró sus percepciones sobre sus habilidades tecnológicas en situaciones docentes y que dotaron de significado a la tecnología en su profesión.

This descriptive-exploratory work is part of a larger work carried out in Chile and Spain.  Its objective has been to strengthen the technological training of future music teachers in Secondary Education through the design, implementation and evaluation of a subject in two consecutive cohorts (cohorts 2017 and 2018, n= 81). The design of the intervention took into account technological literacy components, and two learning strategies: projects (ABP) and cooperative work. The novelty of the design consists in the adaptation of a theoretical framework for the integration of disciplinary-technological-pedagogical contents called TPACK that tries to improve the understanding of technology and its application in classroom teaching practice. The training products, the objects of the work projects, were didactic materials applicable in the classroom of the Secondary School. The results of both cohorts suggest that the characterizing components of the intervention can help to plan more reflectively the use of music technology in the classroom. In addition, students claim to have improved their perceptions of their technological skills in teaching situations and to have given meaning to technology in their profession.
Síndrome de burnout. La multiplicidad de roles y su impacto en la labor docente
Authors: Olivares Fong Luz del C. , Nieto López Gilberto , Velázquez Victoria Karla Isabel , López Guerrero Aída
Published: August 2021

El estudio de las actividades realizadas por docentes y la presencia del síndrome de burnout inicia a finales de los años 70 para los de etapa básica y a finales de los 90s para docentes universitarios. Actualmente, el docente universitario realiza actividades enfocadas en tres roles, el docente, investigativo y administrativo; sin embargo, no se cuenta con un instrumento que considere directamente esta multiplicidad. Se presenta en esta investigación un instrumento para la valoración del síndrome de burnout y su relación con la multiplicidad de roles. El instrumento se validó con 4 expertos y una muestra de 30 profesores universitarios, obteniéndose 0.425 para el coeficiente de Kendall y 0.953 para el coeficiente de Alpha Cronbach. Posterior a su validación el instrumento se aplicó a una muestra representativa de 147 docentes universitarios de tiempo completo del Noroeste de México. Como resultado de la investigación se identificó que a mayor experiencia como docente disminuye la presencia del síndrome. Asimismo, el 35% de los profesores participantes reportaron la presencia del síndrome para el rol docente, 42% para el rol investigativo y el 47% para el rol administrativo, por lo que las actividades administrativas inducen más la presencia del burnout en los docentes.

Assess teachers’ activities and burnout syndrome began at the end of the 70s, by the end of the 90s studies began for professors. Currently, professors must perform a multiplicity of roles -educational, researcher and administrative; however, there is no instrument that assess this multiplicity directly. An instrument to assess the multiplicity of roles that a professor must perform is presented. The instrument was validated using the participation of 4 experts and a sample of 30 professors, obtaining 0.425 for the Kendall coefficient and 0.953 for the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. After validations, the instrument was applied to a representative sample of 147 full time professors from Northwest of Mexico. Application of the instrument found that professors with more experience reported lower presence of burnout syndrome. Likewise, 35% of professors showed burnout syndrome related to educational role, 42% related to research role, and 47% related to administrative role activities. Our finding underscores that administrative role induce more burnout syndrome for professors.
NIST time and frequency bulletin :
Authors: Rodriguez Kelsey
Published: August 2021

The Time and Frequency Bulletin provides information on performance of time scales and a variety of broadcasts (and related information) to users of the NIST services.
Charlotte Bloch: Flow og stress. Stemninger og følelseskultur i hverdagslivet
Authors: Johannessen Helle
Published: August 2021

Anmeldes af Helle Johannessen
MARSEILLE
Authors: Vacher Mark
Published: August 2021

Even to people who have never sat foot in

Marseille, it is known to be a corrupt and

dangerous place. In this article I examine

the relation between reputation, experience

and the city. How did Marseille’s bad

reputation come into being, and what

consequences does it have for the way the

city is experienced by first time visitors?
Ian McEvan: Den uskyldige.
Authors: McEvan Ian
Published: August 2021

Anmeldes af Kirsten Møllegaard
VÆRDI OG PENGE; DAVID GRAEBER
Authors: Jansbøl Kåre
Published: August 2021

Interviewet af Kåre Jansbøl
Introduktion: ARBEJDETS ANATOMI
Authors: Martin Helle Max , Heiefort Ralph , Jakobsen Turf Böcker , Baarts Charlotte
Published: August 2021

Der hersker almindelig enighed om, hvad begrebet arbejde dækker over. Vi mener

at vide, hvad der refereres til, når nogen spørger os, „hvad vi laver“. Og vi kender hver

især dusinvis af mennesker med stillinger, hvis indhold vi mener at have begreb om –

men hvor vi hurtigt ville komme til kort, hvis vi blev bedt om at forklare, hvad disse

personer rent faktisk foretager sig. Det hænger sammen med, at arbejdsbegrebet har en

„institutionaliseret“ karakter. Spørgsmålet, hvad arbejde som socialt og kulturelt fænomen

betyder, er ikke noget, vi almindeligvis tænker over. Det er nærmere noget, vi tænker

med. På linje med andre institutionaliserede begreber snyder den entydige forestilling

om arbejde, fordi der under dække af kategorisk klarhed findes en mangfoldighed af

betydninger og forståelser.
Mary Rack: Ethnic Distinctions, Local Meanings: Negotiating Cultural Identities in China
Authors: Bunkenborg Mikkel
Published: August 2021

Anmeldes af Mikkel Bunkenborg
Vibeke Asmussen & Steffen Jöhncke (red.): Brugerperspektiver. Fra stofmisbrug til socialpolitik?
Authors: Mik-Meyer Nanna
Published: August 2021

Anmeldes af Nanna Mik-Meyer
„Min hukommelse er som en tesi“: Om kvinder, kræft og kemoterapi
Authors: Hansen Helle Ploug
Published: August 2021

Helle Ploug Hansen: “My Memory is Like a Sieve”: On Women, Cancer and Chemo- therapy Empirical data from my research project about women, cancer and rehabilitation are used in this article to explore loss of memory in relation to a severe disease. First I describe how women experience loss of memory in the case of cancer, and how they interpret this as a side-effect of the chemotherapy treatment. Hereby they reproduce a part of the dominant health discourse, where loss of memory is understood as cognitive impairment. Second, I explore how the women through their stories of illness experiences show that they remember quite well and with a lot of details – they just remember something other than they thought they should remember. Third, I argue that people experiencing a severe disease concentrate a great deal of their attention on the body, forgetting acts and experiences outside their own living body. As Scarry has said: “What is remembered in the body is remembered well.”
ENQUETE: Anonyme Informanter (AI)
Authors: Schwartz Jonathan
Published: August 2021

ENQUETE: Jonathan Schwartz: Anonyme Informanter (AI)
AFVIGELSE OG PERSONOPFATTELSER
Authors: Kolind Torsten
Published: August 2021

The article offers an analytical framework for studying deviance. Research in

deviance is relatively sparse in anthropology, by linking up with analysis of different

societies’ perceptions of the person, however, it is possible to develop a model

for understanding different ideal typical responses to deviant acts. On the one

hand we have an idea of the person, which strongly relates acts to the individual,

and with a high focus on individual responsibility, on the other end of the continuum

act are interpreted as reflections and statements of social relations beyond the

single individual. As a consequence of these differences the nature of deviance

is perceived in dissimilar ways. In short, one the one hand, deviance is explained

by reference to the individual person and strategies of normalisation and integration

is pursued. On the other hand deviance is explained extra-personally and strategies

of re-categorisation or elimination are developed. The article offers contemporary

examples from the author’s studies of respectively punishment and substance

abuse treatment.
NÅR KULTUR KOMMER I VEJEN: Kapitalmøder og kulturforståelser på en international uddannelse i Danmark
Authors: Wilken Lisanne
Published: August 2021

Over the past 10-15 years internationalisation has become a buzz word in university

education. International institutions as well as national and regional governments

promote international exchange of students and teachers, and universities compete

to attract foreign students. Internationalisation is generally based on the idea of

intercultural compatibility, which implies that ‘scholastic capital’ fairly easily can

be transferred from one university context to another and that educational settings

can promote and benefit from cultural diversity. With reference to a study of one

internationalised educational setting in Denmark, this article explores some of the

less recognised challenges in relation to internationalisation of university education.

Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital and Gregory Bateson’s

concept of framing, the article argues that the combination of differences in cultural

capital and differences in locally embedded ‘context knowledge’ may produce

obstacles to fruitful intercultural interaction. It argues, moreover, that the interactions

between students are to a large extent based on an unequal relationship

between a home-team and a foreign team rather than on an equal relationship

between different nationalities. The obstacles this creates are, to a large extent,

unacknowledged, because individuals tend to interpret differences as ‘national

differences’.
LISTE OVER ANVENDTE EKSTERNE BEDØMMERE/REVIEWERE 1
Authors: Antropologi Tidsskriftet
Published: August 2021

LISTE OVER ANVENDTE EKSTERNE BEDØMMERE/REVIEWERE 1
INTERVIEW: OM POLITISKE UNDSKYLDNINGER
Authors: Schirrer Anna
Published: August 2021

Interview med David Scott. Interviewet af Anna Kirstine Schirrer.
FORFATTERLISTE
Authors: Antropologi Tidsskriftet
Published: August 2021

Forfatterliste
Ciné-militantisme et nostalgie : le cas brésilien du Cine Vaz Lobo
Authors: Ferraz Talitha , Gouin Alexandre
Published: August 2021

Cet article explique comment plusieurs dimensions de la nostalgie sont impliquées dans les initiatives de ciné-militantisme pour la préservation et la réouverture d’un ancien cinéma situé dans la banlieue de Rio de Janeiro (Brésil) : le Cine Vaz Lobo. Bien qu’inopérant depuis 1986 et déjà menacé de démolition, ce vieux cinéma art déco des années 1940 se tient toujours au milieu de la réalité socio-économique appauvrie de sa région. Il ne reste du Cine Vaz Lobo qu’une ruine préservée capable de catalyser des souvenirs liés à un passé local marqué par la fréquentation du cinéma, qui représente également un repère qui rassemble les résistances communautaires dans les sphères urbaines et sociopolitiques. La dynamique discursive et les engagements du Movimento Cine Vaz Lobo, le groupe qui lutte pour la survie de ce cinéma, trouvent dans la nostalgie une puissante ressource réflexive et critique, au service des luttes contre l’effacement des aspects identitaires et des relations historiques entre cinémas et villes.
Courir derrière la vérité. Souvenirs, fictions et hantises de la mobilité journalistique chez David Fincher
Authors: Carrier-Lafleur Thomas
Published: August 2021

À partir de la notion de mobilité, cet article porte sur la représentation du journalisme dans le cinéma de fiction hollywoodien. Toujours à la recherche des nouveaux signes qui pourront faire débloquer son enquête, le journaliste s’inscrit dans une quête où la vérité est tributaire de la mobilité : c’est par le mouvement des corps que l’écheveau du réel se démêle et qu’une forme de vrai commence à apparaître. Il en va de même pour le cinéma pelliculaire, qui repose aussi sur une logique de la trace et de l’indice : le mouvement du réel se réfracte dans l’objectif et s’imprime sur la pellicule. Depuis ses origines, Hollywood a produit des fictions où les héros journalistes, courant derrière la vérité, emblématisent la quête de sens propre au support qui leur donne forme. Or, le cinéma numérique, avec ses nouveaux paradigmes, bouleversera ce rapport entre mobilité journalistique et production analogique du vrai. À partir d’une analyse de deux films de David Fincher qui mettent en scène les différents rouages de l’univers de la presse et du reportage, nous analyserons les mutations de l’imaginaire journalistique et de sa poétique du support à l’ère du numérique.
Red Lines
Authors: George Cherian , Liew Sonny
Published: August 2021

A lively graphic narrative reports on censorship of political cartoons around the world, featuring interviews with censored cartoonists from Pittsburgh to Beijing.

Why do the powerful feel so threatened by political cartoons? Cartoons don't tell secrets or move markets. Yet, as Cherian George and Sonny Liew show us in Red Lines, cartoonists have been harassed, trolled, sued, fired, jailed, attacked, and assassinated for their insolence. The robustness of political cartooning—one of the most elemental forms of political speech—says something about the health of democracy. In a lively graphic narrative—illustrated by Liew, himself a prize-winning cartoonist—Red Lines crisscrosses the globe to feel the pulse of a vocation under attack.

A Syrian cartoonist insults the president and has his hands broken by goons. An Indian cartoonist stands up to misogyny and receives rape threats. An Israeli artist finds his antiracist works censored by social media algorithms. And the New York Times, caught in the crossfire of the culture wars, decides to stop publishing editorial cartoons completely. Red Lines studies thin-skinned tyrants, the invisible hand of market censorship, and demands in the name of social justice to rein in the right to offend. It includes interviews with more than sixty cartoonists and insights from art historians, legal scholars, and political scientists—all presented in graphic form. This engaging account makes it clear that cartoon censorship doesn't just matter to cartoonists and their fans. When the red lines are misapplied, all citizens are potential victims.
Gender(s)
Authors: Stockton Kathryn Bond
Published: August 2021

Why gender is strange, even when it's played straight, and how race and money are two of its most dramatic ingredients.

In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Kathryn Bond Stockton explores the fascinating, fraught, intimate, morphing matter of gender. Stockton argues for gender's strangeness, no matter how “normal” the concept seems; gender is queer for everyone, she claims, even when it's played quite straight. And she explains how race and money dramatically shape everybody's gender, even in sometimes surprising ways. Playful but serious, erudite and witty, Stockton marshals an impressive array of exhibits to consider, including dolls and their new gendering, the thrust of Jane Austen and Lil Nas X, gender identities according to women's colleges, gay and transgender ballroom scenes, and much more.

Stockton also examines gender in light of biology's own strange ways, its out-of-syncness with “male” and “female,” explaining attempts to fortify gender with clothing, language, labor, and hair. She investigates gender as a concept—its concerning history, its bewitching pleasures and falsifications—by meeting the moment of where we are, with its many genders and counters-to-gender. This compelling background propels the question that drives this book and foregrounds race: what is “the opposite sex,” after all? If there is no opposite, doesn't the male/female duo undergirding gender come undone?
The mechanism of MICU-dependent gating of the mitochondrial Ca2+uniporter
Authors: Garg Vivek , Suzuki Junji , Paranjpe Ishan , Unsulangi Tiffany , Boyman Liron , Milescu Lorin S , Lederer W Jonathan , Kirichok Yuriy
Published: August 2021

Ca2+ entry into mitochondria is through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUcx), a Ca2+-selective channel composed of five subunit types. Two MCUcx subunits (MCU and EMRE) span the inner mitochondrial membrane, while three Ca2+-regulatory subunits (MICU1, MICU2, and MICU3) reside in the intermembrane space. Here, we provide rigorous analysis of Ca2+ and Na+ fluxes via MCUcx in intact isolated mitochondria to understand the function of MICU subunits. We also perform direct patch clamp recordings of macroscopic and single MCUcx currents to gain further mechanistic insights. This comprehensive analysis shows that the MCUcx pore, composed of the EMRE and MCU subunits, is not occluded nor plugged by MICUs during the absence or presence of extramitochondrial Ca2+ as has been widely reported. Instead, MICUs potentiate activity of MCUcx as extramitochondrial Ca2+ is elevated. MICUs achieve this by modifying the gating properties of MCUcx allowing it to spend more time in the open state.
Germline mutation analyses of malignant ground glass opacity nodules in non-smoking lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Mao Wenjun , Chen Ruo , Lu Rongguo , Wang Shengfei , Song Huizhu , You Dan , Liu Feng , He Yijun , Zheng Mingfeng
Published: August 2021

Background

Germline mutations play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Nonetheless, research on malignant ground glass opacity (GGO) nodules is limited.

Methods

A total of 13 participants with malignant GGO nodules were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood was used for exome sequencing, and germline mutations were analyzed using InterVar. The whole exome sequencing dataset was analyzed using a filtering strategy. KOBAS 3.0 was used to analyze KEGG pathway to further identify possible deleterious mutations.

Results

There were seven potentially deleterious germline mutations. NM_001184790:exon8: c.C1070T in PARD3, NM_001170721:exon4:c.C392T in BCAR1 and NM_001127221:exon46: c.G6587A in CACNA1A were present in three cases each; rs756875895 frameshift in MAX, NM_005732: exon13:c.2165_2166insT in RAD50 and NM_001142316:exon2:c.G203C in LMO2, were present in two cases each; one variant was present in NOTCH3.

Conclusions

Our results expand the germline mutation spectrum in malignant GGO nodules. Importantly, these findings will potentially help screen the high-risk population, guide their health management, and contribute to their clinical treatment and determination of prognosis.
Dongsha Atoll is an important stepping-stone that promotes regional genetic connectivity in the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Shang Yin Vanson , Green Jacob , Briggs Dana , Hastings Ruth , Jondelius Ylva , Kensinger Skylar , Leever Hannah , Santos Sophia , Throne Trevor , Cheng Chi , Madduppa Hawis , Toonen Robert J. , Gaither Michelle R. , Crandall Eric D.
Published: August 2021

Background

Understanding region-wide patterns of larval connectivity and gene flow is crucial for managing and conserving marine biodiversity. Dongsha Atoll National Park (DANP), located in the northern South China Sea (SCS), was established in 2007 to study and conserve this diverse and remote coral atoll. However, the role of Dongsha Atoll in connectivity throughout the SCS is seldom studied. In this study, we aim to evaluate the role of DANP in conserving regional marine biodiversity.

Methods

In total, 206 samples across nine marine species were collected and sequenced from Dongsha Atoll, and these data were combined with available sequence data from each of these nine species archived in the Genomic Observatories Metadatabase (GEOME). Together, these data provide the most extensive population genetic analysis of a single marine protected area. We evaluate metapopulation structure for each species by using a coalescent sampler, selecting among panmixia, stepping-stone, and island models of connectivity in a likelihood-based framework. We then completed a heuristic graph theoretical analysis based on maximum dispersal distance to get a sense of Dongsha’s centrality within the SCS.

Results

Our dataset yielded 111 unique haplotypes across all taxa at DANP, 58% of which were not sampled elsewhere. Analysis of metapopulation structure showed that five out of nine species have strong regional connectivity across the SCS such that their gene pools are effectively panmictic (mean pelagic larval duration (PLD) = 78 days, sd = 60 days); while four species have stepping-stone metapopulation structure, indicating that larvae are exchanged primarily between nearby populations (mean PLD = 37 days, sd = 15 days). For all but one species, Dongsha was ranked within the top 15 out of 115 large reefs in the South China Sea for betweenness centrality. Thus, for most species, Dongsha Atoll provides an essential link for maintaining stepping-stone gene flow across the SCS.

Conclusions

This multispecies study provides the most comprehensive examination of the role of Dongsha Atoll in marine connectivity in the South China Sea to date. Combining new and existing population genetic data for nine coral reef species in the region with a graph theoretical analysis, this study provides evidence that Dongsha Atoll is an important hub for sustaining connectivity for the majority of coral-reef species in the region.
Investigation of inhibition effect of daidzein on osteosarcoma cells based on experimental validation and systematic pharmacology analysis
Authors: Zhu Yufan , Yang Zhiqiang , Xie Yuanlong , Yang Min , Zhang Yufeng , Deng Zhouming , Cai Lin
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study aims to explore the effect of daidzein, which is a natural isoflavone compound mainly extracted from soybeans, on osteosarcoma and the potential molecular mechanism.

Material and Methods

143B and U2OS osteosarcoma cells were treated with gradient concentrations of daidzein, and MTT assay was used to determine the cell proliferation capacity and IC50. Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI detection were used to determine apoptosis. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and migration ability were detected by transwell assays and scratch wound assay. An osteosarcoma xenograft mice model was applied to investigate the effect of daidzein on osteosarcoma in vivo. Systematic pharmacology and molecular modeling analysis were applied to predict the target of daidzein to osteosarcoma, and the target Src was verified by western blotting. We also observed the effect of daidzein on cell proliferation and apoptosis of Src-overexpressing osteosarcoma cells.

Results

In vitro, daidzein significantly inhibited 143B and U2OS osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration, and induced cell cycle arrest. In vivo, daidzein exerts antitumor effects in osteosarcoma xenograft mice. After systematic screening and analysis, Src-MAPK signaling pathway was predicted as the highest-ranked pathway. Western blot demonstrated that daidzein inhibited phosphorylation of the Src-ERK pathway in osteosarcoma cells. Also, overexpression of Src could partially reverse the inhibitory effects of daidzein on osteosarcoma cell proliferation.

Conclusion

Daidzein exerts an antitumor effect on osteosarcoma, and the mechanism may be through the Src-ERK pathway.
Genomic comparison of non-photosynthetic plants from the family Balanophoraceae with their photosynthetic relatives
Authors: Schelkunov Mikhail I. , Nuraliev Maxim S. , Logacheva Maria D.
Published: August 2021

The plant family Balanophoraceae consists entirely of species that have lost the ability to photosynthesize. Instead, they obtain nutrients by parasitizing other plants. Recent studies have revealed that plastid genomes of Balanophoraceae exhibit a number of interesting features, one of the most prominent of those being a highly elevated AT content of nearly 90%. Additionally, the nucleotide substitution rate in the plastid genomes of Balanophoraceae is an order of magnitude greater than that of their photosynthetic relatives without signs of relaxed selection. Currently, there are no definitive explanations for these features. Given these unusual features, we hypothesised that the nuclear genomes of Balanophoraceae may also provide valuable information in regard to understanding the evolution of non-photosynthetic plants. To gain insight into these genomes, in the present study we analysed the transcriptomes of two Balanophoraceae species (Rhopalocnemis phalloides and Balanophora fungosa) and compared them to the transcriptomes of their close photosynthetic relatives (Daenikera sp., Dendropemon caribaeus, and Malania oleifera). Our analysis revealed that the AT content of the nuclear genes of Balanophoraceae did not markedly differ from that of the photosynthetic relatives. The nucleotide substitution rate in the genes of Balanophoraceae is, for an unknown reason, several-fold larger than in the genes of photosynthetic Santalales; however, the negative selection in Balanophoraceae is likely stronger. We observed an extensive loss of photosynthesis-related genes in the Balanophoraceae family members. Additionally, we did not observe transcripts of several genes whose products function in plastid genome repair. This implies their loss or very low expression, which may explain the increased nucleotide substitution rate and AT content of the plastid genomes.
Factors Influencing Health-related Quality of Life according to Sitting-time of Elders Living Alone: Data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016~2018)
Authors: Kwon Myoungjin , Kim Sun Ae , Kim Jong Im , Park Moonkyoung
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing health-related quality of life depending on time sitting by elders living alone.Methods: This was a secondary data analysis study of the 7th Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016~2018). The participants in the study were 1,499 elderly people living alone who were 65 years of age or older.Results: The average time sitting for elders living alone was 8.93 hours. If they had more than eight hours of sedentary time, their physical and psychological health conditions and quality of life were lower than those in the group that had less than 8 hours. The factors influencing quality of life were age, household income, central obesity, and subjective health status for elders with sitting-time within 8 hours (R2=.28, p<.001), and household income, economic activity, and subjective health status in elders with sitting-time over 8 hours (R2=.33, p<.001).Conclusion: There were differences in factors affecting the quality of life depending on the length of sitting-time for elders living alone. Depending on the length of sitting-time, it is necessary to establish nursing interventions to promote physical and psychological health to improve the quality of life of elders living alone.
Drug-Coated Balloons for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Camaj Anton , Leone Pier Pasquale , Colombo Antonio , Vinayak Manish , Stone Gregg W. , Mehran Roxana , Dangas George , Kini Annapoorna , Sharma Samin K.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty has emerged as an alternative to drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) as well as de novo coronary artery disease.

Observations

DCBs are balloons coated with antiproliferative agents and excipients, whose aim is to foster favorable vessel healing after appropriate lesion preparation. By providing homogeneous antiproliferative drug delivery in the absence of permanent foreign body implantation, DCBs offer multiple advantages over DES, including preservation of vessel anatomy and function and positive vessel remodeling. As such, DCBs have become appealing for treatment of ISR, small-vessel disease, long lesions, simplification of bifurcation procedures, and treatment of diffuse distal disease after recanalization of chronic total occlusions. In addition, patients with high bleeding risk, diabetes, and acute coronary syndrome might also stand to benefit from DCB angioplasty.

Conclusions and Relevance

Although commercially available in numerous countries now for more than a decade, DCB only recently obtained US Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of coronary ISR. Moreover, preliminary results from newer generation devices tested in different clinical scenarios have raised the interest of the international community. Accordingly, an up-to-date review is timely particularly with the anticipated wave of research on the matter. Herein, this review encompasses DCB technologies, their worldwide usage, details on relevant indications, and key procedural aspects of DCB angioplasty.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Induced Vitiligo-Like Depigmentation
Authors: Starace Michela , Cedirian Stephano , Rapparini Luca , Pileri Alessandro , Carrera Cristina , Giavedoni Priscila , Alonso de Leon M. Teresa , Kraehenbuehl Lukas , Elshot Yannick S. , Apalla Zoe , Papegeorgiou Chryssoula , Nikolaou Vasiliki , Radevic Tatjana , Lengyel Zsuzsanna , Sollena Pietro , Peris Ketty , Rossi Ernesto , Fattore Davide , Koumaki Dimitra , Boada Aram , Forsea Ana-Maria , Segura Sonia , Freites-Martinez Azael , Riganti Julia , Avitan-Hersh Emily , Saffuri Nada , Peuvrel Lucie , Dezoteux Frédéric , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Sibaud Vincent
Published: December 2024

This retrospective case series compares vitiligo resulting from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy vs preexisting vitiligo among patients receiving ICI treatment for cancer.
Jessner Lymphocytic Infiltrate in Anti-HMGCR Myopathy
Authors: Prenner Joshua , Choi Esther , Kim Yoo Jung , Zheng Lida , Nguyen Cuong V.
Published: December 2024

This case report describes a man in his 50s with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia who was admitted for rash and proximal muscle weakness, pain, and unintentional 15-pound weight loss associated with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) myopathy.
Multilingual Research Strategies to Enhance Equity
Authors: Brown Rachel , Ortiz Priscilla , Berrigan Lindsay , Cullen Danielle
Published: December 2024

This quality improvement study tracks the proportion of linguistically diverse caregivers of pediatric patients who completed a study on engagement with social resources.
Association of State Cannabis Legalization With Cannabis Use Disorder and Cannabis Poisoning
Authors: Jayawardhana Jayani , Hou Jialin , Freeman Patricia , Talbert Jeffery C.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Whether state implementation of medical and recreational cannabis laws is associated with increased cannabis use disorder (CUD) and/or cannabis poisoning among adults is not evident.

Objective

To examine state-level medical and recreational cannabis laws’ associations with CUD and cannabis poisoning, overall and by sex and age subgroups.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this longitudinal cohort study, state-level CUD and cannabis poisoning diagnoses from January 2011 to December 2021 were examined across all 50 US states and the District of Columbia before and after the implementation of medical and recreational cannabis laws (MCLs and RCLs, respectively) using a staggered adoption difference-in-differences approach. Event studies were conducted to estimate the magnitude of the association for each year-quarter relative to the time of each policy implementation. This study was conducted among all adults aged 18 to 64 years enrolled in the Merative MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, a database of employer-sponsored health insurance enrollees, with 1 year or more of continuous enrollment from 2011 to 2021. Data analysis was performed from January to August 2024.

Exposures

State implementation of an MCL, opening a medical cannabis dispensary (MCD), allowing home cultivation of medical cannabis (HC-MC), and passage of an RCL.

Main Outcomes and Measures

CUD and cannabis poisoning diagnoses per 100 000 enrollees per quarter.

Results

This study included 110 256 536 enrollees, of whom 56 843 030 (52%) were female and the mean (SD) enrollee age was 41.0 (13.5) years. MCLs were associated with significant increases in CUD and cannabis poisoning by 31.09 (95% CI, 20.20-41.99; P < .001) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.52-1.00; P < .001) diagnoses per 100 000 enrollees per quarter, respectively, and RCLs were associated with a significant increase in cannabis poisoning by 0.34 (95% CI, 0.19-0.48; P < .001) per 100 000 enrollees per quarter in states with RCLs compared to states without these laws. No significant associations were observed for MCDs or HC-MC. Relative increases in CUD associated with MCLs were higher among female enrollees and among enrollees aged 35 to 44 years compared with male enrollees and other age groups, respectively. Sensitivity analysis results of 2011 to 2019 data were consistent with the 2011 to 2021 results.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this longitudinal cohort study, MCLs were associated with increased CUD and cannabis poisoning diagnoses, and RCLs were associated with increased cannabis poisoning in adults aged 18 to 64 years with employer-sponsored health insurance. Communities with increased access to cannabis may experience increased health care use and costs due to increases in cannabis poisoning and CUD, and new clinical and policy interventions are needed to curb these rising diagnoses.
Fenestrated and Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair and Mortality at Hospitals Without Investigational Device Trials
Authors: Zettervall Sara L. , Dun Chen , Columbo Jesse A. , Mendes Bernardo C. , Goodney Phillip P. , Schanzer Andres , Schermerhorn Marc L. , Makary Martin A. , Black James H. , Hicks Caitlin W.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Fenestrated and branched endovascular aortic repairs (F/BEVAR) have been adopted by many centers. However, national trends of F/BEVAR use remain unclear, particularly at sites who perform them without an US Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA)–approved investigational device exemption (IDE).

Objective

To quantify the use of F/BEVAR in the US and to determine if mortality was different at IDE vs non-IDE sites.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study examined 100% fee-for-service Medicare claims data from 2016 to 2023. Participants were patients who underwent endovascular treatment of the visceral aorta incorporating 2 or more visceral artery endoprostheses. Hospitals with vs without an IDE were identified using hospitals’ Employer Identification Number as a time varying exposure.

Exposure

F/BEVAR.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Trends in the center-level F/BEVAR case volume stratified by IDE status were assessed using cumulative incidence curves. Mortality outcomes at 30 days and 3 years were compared using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for baseline patient characteristics.

Results

From 2016 to 2023, 8017 patients were treated with F/BEVAR at 549 hospitals. The median (IQR) age was 75.8 (71.3-80.8) years; 5795 patients (72.3%) were male and 2222 (27.7%) female. A total of 2226 F/BEVAR (27.8%) were performed at 22 hospitals with an IDE. The number of patients treated with F/BEVAR increased from 771 in 2016 to 1251 in 2023. The median (IQR) annual case volume per hospital was significantly higher at IDE sites (22.3 [11.0-30.4] vs 1.2 [1.0-2.0] cases/y; P < .001); 18 IDE sites (90.0%) and 20 non-IDE sites (3.7%) completed 9 or more cases per year. The 30-day mortality (3.0% vs 4.9%) but not 3-year mortality (26.0% vs 27.1%) was lower for patients treated at hospitals with vs without an IDE. After risk adjustment, both 30-day (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.69) and midterm mortality (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.95) were lower for patients treated at IDE sites.

Conclusions and Relevance

The use of F/BEVAR is increasing across the United States, with the majority of cases being performed outside of IDE studies and at low-volume centers. F/BEVAR performed at non-IDE centers are associated with higher adjusted 30-day and midterm mortality. Transparent outcome reporting and identification of process measures from IDE sites may help achieve more equity in patient outcomes.
Anterior Gastropexy for Paraesophageal Hernia Repair
Authors: Petro Clayton C. , Ellis Ryan C. , Maskal Sara M. , Zolin Sam J. , Tu Chao , Costanzo Adele , Beffa Lucas R. A. , Krpata David M. , Alaedeen Diya , Prabhu Ajita S. , Miller Benjamin T. , Baier Kevin F. , Fathalizadeh Alisan , Rodriguez John , Rosen Michael J.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Paraesophageal hernias can cause severe limitations in quality of life and life-threatening complications. Even though minimally invasive paraesophageal hernia repair (MIS-PEHR) is safe and effective, anatomic recurrence rates remain notoriously high. Retrospective data suggest that suturing the stomach to the anterior abdominal wall after repair—an anterior gastropexy—may reduce recurrence, but this adjunct is currently not the standard of care.

Objective

To determine whether anterior gastropexy reduces 1-year recurrence after MIS-PEHR.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This registry-based randomized clinical trial was conducted by 10 surgeons at 3 academic hospitals within the Cleveland Clinic Enterprise. Between June 26, 2019, and July 24, 2023, 348 patients were assessed for eligibility, and 240 patients were enrolled and randomized. Statistical analysis was performed from January to March 2024.

Intervention

Enrolled patients were randomized to and received either an anterior gastropexy (n = 119) or no anterior gastropexy (n = 121).

Main Outcome

The primary outcome was recurrence as determined by reherniation of the stomach greater than 2 cm above the diaphragm on routine imaging at 1 year or reoperation. Secondary outcomes included quality of life as measured by the Gastroesophageal Reflux Health-Related Quality of Life survey, additional foregut symptom questionnaire, and patient satisfaction at 30 days and 1 year.

Results

A total of 240 patients were randomized to either anterior gastropexy (n = 119; 104 [97%] women; median [IQR] age, 70 [64-75] years) or no anterior gastropexy (n = 121; 97 [80%] women; median [IQR] age, 68 [62-73] years) at the end of their MIS-PEHR. At 1 year, 188 patients (78%) had completed follow-up. By intention-to-treat analysis, 1-year recurrence was significantly lower in patients who received an anterior gastropexy (15% vs 36%; risk difference, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.09-0.33]), which remained significant after risk-adjusted regression analysis (hazard ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.23-0.60]). Of 13 reoperations (5.4%) for recurrence in the first year, 3 (2.5%) were in the anterior gastropexy group and 10 (8.2%) were in the no-gastropexy group (P = .052). Two patients (1.7%) had their anterior gastropexy sutures removed for pain. There were no significant differences in quality-of-life outcomes at 30 days and 1 year between treatment groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial found that the addition of an anterior gastropexy to MIS-PEHR is superior to no gastropexy in regard to reducing 1-year paraesophageal hernia recurrence. These results suggest that an anterior gastropexy should be routinely used in the context of minimally invasive paraesophageal hernia repair.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04007952
The Difluoromethylation Protocols
Authors: Luo Qinyu , Ni Chuanfa , Gu Yucheng , Hu Jinbo
Published: December 2024

Difluoromethyl compounds have found increasingly important applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals due to the unique biological properties of the CF
2
H group. The past decade has witnessed the development of an impressive array of new reagents and strategies for efficient difluoromethylation. This review aims to summarize the state‐of‐the‐art advances in difluoromethylation according to the following four categories: electrophilic difluoromethylation, nucleophilic difluoromethylation, radical difluoromethylation, and transition‐metal mediated difluoromethylation.
19
F‐MRI: From Molecular Design to
In Vivo
Applications
Authors: Chirizzi Cristina , Dichiarante Valentina , Bombelli Francesca Baldelli , Metrangolo Pierangelo
Published: December 2024

Bioimaging is an essential tool for investigating biological processes and detecting disease biomarkers improving both diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
19
F‐Magnetic resonance imaging (
19
F‐MRI) has recently emerged as a powerful imaging technique with high translational potential to clinic enabling direct
in vivo
quantification without use of ionizing radiations. In fact, the lack of organic fluorine in living systems allows unambiguous quantitative detection of exogenous fluorinated probes as colored “hot spots” on the anatomical images obtained by conventional
1
H‐MRI protocols. If anatomical resolution is a strength, low sensitivity is a drawback of
19
F‐MRI, which requires the use of highly fluorinated contrast agents (CAs). Fluorinated CAs are twofold biorthogonal due to their innate chemical and biological inertness, linked to strong CF bonds, and to the total absence of endogenous organic fluorine. In this chapter, the main classes of
19
F‐MRI CAs, which are highly fluorinated molecules formulated with biocompatible emulsifiers, partially fluorinated amphiphilic polymers, and fluorinated inorganic nanoparticles, will be described highlighting how their chemical design is critical to achieve an effective
19
F‐MRI response. Moreover, for each class of compounds representative examples of the most important biomedical applications will be illustrated addressing the main challenges for their translation to clinic and possible future perspectives in different still unexplored fields.
Synthesis of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Fluorine Derivatives
Authors: Patel Calum , Pupo Gabriele , Gouverneur Véronique
Published: December 2024

This chapter presents the landmark contributions and the main advances made in the last 20 years for the synthesis of aryl and heteroaryl fluorides. The installation of a single fluorine atom into a (hetero)aromatic scaffold can be achieved via two approaches, either the fluorination of a pre‐functionalized substrate or direct C(sp
2
)H fluorination, a classification adopted in this chapter. The first section presents at first the traditional fluorination routes from diazonium salts (Balz–Schiemann reaction), triazenes (Wallach reaction), and electron‐poor arenes (via nucleophilic aromatic substitution). This is followed by fluorination reactions from suitable pre‐functionalized precursors (halides, triflates, iodonium salts, stannanes, silanes, boronic acid, organo‐magnesium, and ‐lithium derivatives), deoxyfluorinating methodologies (from phenols), and contemporary transition metal catalysis protocols. Recent advances in decarboxylative fluorination of benzoic acids via photoredox catalysis and the fluorination of aryl thianthrenium salts are also discussed. The second section presents the most recent advances in C(sp
2
)H fluorinations using either electrophilic fluorine (F
+
) sources or nucleophilic fluoride (F
−
) in the presence of an oxidant.
Fluorine‐18 Radiochemistry for PET Imaging Applications—Fundamentals and Recent Advances
Authors: Siméon Fabrice G. , Telu Sanjay , Cai Lisheng , Lu Shuiyu , Pike Victor W.
Published: December 2024

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a major molecular imaging modality with prominent roles in biomedical research, medical diagnosis, and drug development. Underpinning the widespread utility of PET is extensive radiochemistry research on the development of PET radiotracers and efficient methods for their labeling in optimal molecular positions. Fluorine‐18 has gained importance for labeling PET radiotracers because of (i) favorable decay characteristics, including a half‐life of 109.8 min and a high rate of decay by relatively low energy positron emission (β
+
, 97%), (ii) an established capacity to produce this radioisotope in very high activity and molar activity from modern biomedical cyclotrons, and (iii) versatile radiochemistry that enables late‐stage incorporation of this radionuclide into radiotracers that range in size from small drug‐like molecules through to macromolecules. In this chapter, we survey this rapidly evolving area of fluorine‐18 radiochemistry with regard to its fundamentals and key advances in meeting the major challenges in PET radiotracer development.