bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMATION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMPETENCE OF READING ON THE UPPER DEGREE OF STUDY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Демчук Тетяна Олександрівна
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This article is devoted to the problem of the formation of the competence of the English language reading on upper degree; the general characteristics of competence of reading  in English language on the upper degree are given; the aims of the competence of reading in English language are defined; examples of exercises, characteristics of means and the issue of the assessment of the competence of reading in English language described, the specifics of competency education in English lessons are determined.

The article proves that one of the types of communicative activities in foreign language classes is reading. There is considered the general characteristics of foreign language competence of reading, the purpose of its formation in pupils; is given description of exercises and tasks; is described the means of forming the competence of reading at the highest level and control the level of its formation.

In this work it is shown on what depends the meaningful aspect of reading and which  two basic levels of understanding of the text are present during the study; the necessary conditions for forming the competence of reading English at the highest level are the relevant principles of learning; the theoretical basis of the methodology of reading on lessons should have general educative laws and principles for the construction of any learning process. Also, in this article it is proved that the ability to read allows pupils, in their further work and training, to use literature in a foreign language to find information on the speciality, to satisfy their readership or creative interests, and to improve the skills of oral speech.

For solving the problems were used general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical research which mutually complement each other and provided the possibility of comprehensive knowledge of the subject of research. Methods (analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, comparison and generalization of facts) were used at the stage of theoretical research. Other methods were decisive in developing a set of exercises for teaching English language instruction for senior students.
BULLYING OR CONFLICT? BULLY-PROOFING STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION IN CANADIAN SCHOOLS
Authors: Федоришин Олександр Петрович
Published: June 2019

Стаття акцентує увагу на шкільному булінгу, який є досить поширеним у різних країнах світу і вважається актуальною соціально-педагогічною і психологічною проблемою сьогодення. Як серйозні і масове явище булінг потребує вирішення, від чіткого визначення самого поняття до розробок практичних рекомендацій з його профілактики та протистояння. У статті даються визначення і характеристика форм та видів прояву шкільного булінгу, які постійно змінюються, пристосовуючись до нових обставин; наприклад, поява такої нової сучасної форми агресії як кібербулінг. Зниженню рівня цього негативного соціального явища може слугувати досвід Канади щодо антибулінгових заходів. Питання булінгу є дуже актуальним у канадських школах. Школи Канади націлені на біль конструктивні принципи превентивного характеру до подолання і протистояння булінгу. Антибулінгова робота є злагодженим механізмом і передбачає співпрацю школи з учнями та їх батьками, громадськими організаціями, членами громади і має підтримку державних інституцій.

Булінг не зникне сам по собі, але його можна взяти під контроль – за умови, якщо не буде байдужих і всі разом почнуть працювати, щоб захистити від нього дітей. Це просто має стати обов’язком кожного, хто задіяний у цьому процесі, – зупинити булінг. Дослідження показали, що таке негативне явище як цькування найчастіше трапляється серед учнів середніх і старших класів, а його відсоток у початкових класах значно нижчий. Прояви булінгу зустрічаються у різному віці, у різних країнах між дітьми і підлітками. Вони наносять серйозну шкоду подальшому розвитку особистостей, які відчули його на собі, і тому необхідна повна підтримка на всіх рівнях, щоб допомогти їм зрозуміти непристойність на неприпустимість такої поведінки і звернути увагу на важливість поваги у стосунках з іншими і вміння знаходити шляхи самоствердження через позитивне лідерство.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ІКТ-КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ У ФІНСЬКІЙ ОСВІТІ ЯК СИСТЕМА: СТУПЕНЕВИЙ АНАЛІЗ
Authors: Петренко Сергій Вікторович
Published: June 2019

У статті на основі здійсненого аналізу особливостей фінської системи освіти визначено її ступеневий характер: дошкільні заклади; загальноосвітня школа (початкова школа (шість років), старша школа (три роки); гімназії або профтехучилища (три роки); вища школа (університети і професійні вищі навчальні заклади).

Доведено, що систему освіти Фінляндії характеризують такі найбільш важливі особливості: високі результати поєднуються з високим ступенем рівності (між учнями) і відсутністю підсумкових іспитів у системі загальної освіти. Фінська система освіти дуже чітко організована і заснована на широкому використанні ІКТ і інформаційних мереж. Фінляндія визначила програмування (кодування) базовим стандартом 2016 р., включила його у початкову освіту. Фінляндія стала першою країною, яка ввела кодування у повністю міжпредметному підході. У навчальному плані основної школи не існує такого предмета, як інформатика; інформаційно-комунікаційні технології інтегровані в усі предмети, починаючи з першого класу. На кожному уроці учні одержують навички пошуку інформації й постійно стають активними користувачами ІКТ.

Визначено, що головним чинником реформування освіти є фінські учителі. Аналіз освітніх програм підготовки вчителя дав змогу з’ясувати, що освітня програма підготовки студента-бакалавра включає освоєння модуля за вибором «Інформаційні та комунікаційні технології» обсягом 4 кредити, передбачає вміння майбутнього вчителя. Освітня програма підготовки магістрів містить вивчення навчальної дисципліни «Інформаційні комунікаційні технології в керівництві та консультуванні», на яку відводиться 5 кредитів, і чітко визначені ІКТ-компетентності випускника університету.
Доробок письменників-учителів Західної України у контексті розвитку української педагогічної думки кінця ХIX – 30-тих років ХХст
Authors: Багрій Mарія Антонівна
Published: June 2019

Анотація. Доробок письменників-учителів кінця ХIX – 30-тих років ХХст, які працювали у школах Західної України, є достовірним джерелом інформації про розвиток шкільництва та становище вчителя в зазначений історичний період. Будівництво освітньо-виховної справи досліджуваного періоду вимагало ініціативних, відданих своїй справі людей, які б узяли керівництво цим процесом у свої руки, і засобів, що б забезпечили виконання поставлених завдань. Зображено організаторів просвітницького руху на західноукраїнських землях,  суперечності між традиційною, офіційною концепцією щодо навчання та виховання та підходами, що брали за зразок західну педагогіку і досвід європейської школи.

Аналіз життя і діяльності, літературних творів письменників-педагогів надає нам можливість зробити висновок, що просвітництво, громадянська свідомість, патріотизм, відданість інтересам народу властиві, в першу чергу, самим митцям. Аналізуючи літературні твори громадську та просвітницьку діяльність, ми бачимо, що вони насичені різноманітними виховними ситуаціями, характерами, поглядами, вчинками людей, які жили в першій половині ХХ століття на територіях сучасної Західної України.

За результатами дослідження встановлено, що важливу роль у реалізації освітньо-виховних завдань і формуванні педагогічно-просвітницьких орієнтирів мала діяльність громадських культурно-освітніх та педагогічних, заснованих й очолюваних визначними представниками західноукраїнської інтелігенції: педагогами, письменниками та освітніми діячами Західної України.

Ключові слова: освіта, письменники-учителі, Західна Україна, доробок, шкільництво.
METODOLOGIA STOSOWANIA STATYSTYKI MATEMATYCZNEJ W BADANIACH PEDAGOGICZNYCH
Authors: Руденко Володимир
Published: June 2019

W pedagogice ważne są metody statystyki matematycznej stosowane na różnych etapach organizacji i badań nad edukacją: dla kształtowania prób losowych, wyznaczenia głównych wskaźników statystyki opisowej, w trakcie wnioskowań statystycznych z użyciem metod analizy korelacji i regresji, wariancji i czynników.
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ INTERESTS VIA WEB-BASED TOOLS
Authors: Перішко Ірина Володимирівна
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The article focuses on students’ interests, it can be found out how to use the Internet to construct interest-based learning for students. It is known that students produce their best work when they are interested in what they are doing. As the paper highlights, knowing students’ interests is the first step to enhancing their education. A teacher’s task is to continually encourage the exploration of their interests.

The article examines the problem of energizing students with the help of web-based tools. The reasons of video games appealing are mentioned. The video microworlds are still captivating today as enabling users can transfer technology to real world settings. It is specially noted that the Internet is a medium for communication in the world. School progress is often linked to the ability of teachers to tie student interests and desires to school activities. It should be emphasized that the classroom teacher and the student now have numerous possibilities for problem- and project-based learning, telecollaborative and scaffolding experiences.

 

 

In the paper special attention is given to web sites on the Internet. In teaching many Web Based instructional sites provide scaffolding prompts in various forms that give a better chance to use knowledge independently. It gives support in research for instruction based on addressing student interest. Learner interest can be important to a student’s academic development.
ПОГЛЯДИ В. О. СУХОМЛИНСЬКОГО НА МІЖКУЛЬТУРНУ КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ ВЧИТЕЛЯ ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ
Authors: Денисова Світлана
Published: June 2019

Анотація. Стаття присвячена поняттю міжкультурної компетентністі в процесі професійної підготовки вчителя іноземної мови. В процесі дослідження виявлені основні складові компоненти міжкультурної компетентності: мотиваційний, когнітивний, культурологічний. У статті зазначено, що підготовка сучасного вчителя іноземної мови в європейських країнах, в тому числі в Україні, повинна носити виражений культурологічний характер і бути спрямованою на формування здібностей адаптивної поведінки в спілкуванні з носіями культури країни, мова якої вивчається, а також на формування ментальності, стилю поведінки, традицій і звичаїв народу на основі знання мови. Розглянуто ідеї Василя Сухомлинського щодо змісту та розвитку міжкультурної компетентності вчителя іноземної мови. За висловом педагога, іноземна мова відіграє важливе значення в процесі навчання: виступає умовою гармонійного розвитку кожного учня, необхідна учневі як джерело розвитку його індивідуальних нахилів, здібностей. Вивчення іноземної мови, за словами Сухомлинського, повинно сприяти тому, щоб краще розуміти чужий світ і культуру, а водночас чіткіше відчути власну ідентичність, належність до єдиного національного простору. Також подано погляди вченого на значення культури та іноземної мови в процесі навчання та виховання, які використовують сучасні педагоги для розвитку міжкультурної компетентності сучасного вчителя іноземної мови.
Synthesis of non-racemic 4-nitro-2-sulfonylbutan-1-ones via Ni(II)-catalyzed asymmetric Michael reaction of β-ketosulfones
Authors: Reznikov Alexander N , Sibiryakova Anastasiya E , Baimuratov Marat R , Golovin Eugene V , Rybakov Victor B , Klimochkin Yuri N
Published: June 2019

Functionally substituted sulfones with stereogenic centers are valuable reagents in organic synthesis and key motifs in some bioactive compounds. The asymmetric Michael addition of β-ketosulfones to conjugated nitroalkenes in the presence of Ni(II) complexes with various chiral vicinal diamines was studied. This reaction provides convenient access to non-racemic 4-nitro-2-sulfonylbutan-1-ones with two stereocenters with high yield and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99%). It has been established that the catalytic Michael reaction itself was carried out with high diastereoselectivity, but the Michael adducts may epimerize at the C-2 position at a significant rate. Conditions for the preparation of individual diastereomers were found.
The Time Series Properties of the Real Exchange Rates Between the Member States of the European Monetary Union
Authors: Maurer Rainer
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article “The Time Series Properties of the Real Exchange Rates Between the Member States of the European Monetary Union” analyses the time series behavior of the components of the real exchange rates between the founding member states of the EMU before and after the start of the EMU. Various panel and univariate country-specific tests show that the levels of these components are typically random walks. The resulting real exchange rates are also random walks and their components are not cointegrated. It is argued that these results question the operability of the EMU under the current policy regime in the long-run. One possibility to deal with this problem could be the suspension of the principle of a “single monetary policy”.
Die Zeitreiheneigenschaften der realen Wechselkurse der Mitgliedsländer der Europäischen Währungsunion
Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel „Die Zeitreiheneigenschaften der realen Wechselkurse der Mitgliedsländer der Europäischen Währungsunion“ untersucht das Zeitreihenverhalten der Komponenten der realen Wechselkurse zwischen den Gründerstaaten der EWU vor und nach dem Beginn der EWU. Verschiedene Panel- und univariate länderspezifische Test zeigen, dass die Niveaus dieser Komponenten typischerweise Zufallspfaden folgen. Die resultierenden realen Wechselkurse folgen ebenfalls Zufallspfaden und ihre Komponenten sind nicht kointegriert. Diese Ergebnisse, so schließt der Artikel, stellen die langfristige Funktionsfähigkeit der EWU unter dem gegenwärtigen geldpolitischen Regime in Frage. Eine Möglichkeit, dieses Problem zu adressieren, könnte in der Preisgabe des Prinzips der einheitlichen Geldpolitik bestehen.
JEL Classification: E50, E31, C12
EXCHANGE REQUIREMENT-BASED DELIVERY METHOD OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN INFORMATION FOR COLLABORATIVE DESIGN USING INDUSTRY FOUNDATION CLASSES
Authors: Lai Huahui , Zhou Cheng , Deng Xueyuan
Published: June 2019

In Architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) collaboration, exchange requirements (ERs) vary in different projects with different platforms. In order to ensure the completeness and accuracy of data sharing and exchange for structural engineering in collaborative design, an ER-based delivery method was proposed to improve the delivery of structural design information. First, a process map of structural design was developed based on Information Delivery Manual (IDM). Within this process map, an ER Matrix of structural design was proposed to define information required by other disciplines at different stages. This matrix was composed of a set of required structural objects and their attributes, which were mapped to related Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data. The mapping between the ER Matrix and IFC-based structural model data was implemented by an exchange model generation algorithm. Furthermore, a delivery tool was developed to define the ER Matrix in two ways, including user interface and XML-based language. A practical project was used to illustrate the utility of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method using IFC is beneficial for structural information delivery.
Experimental and Theoretical Radiative Lifetimes, Branching Fractions, Transition Probabilities, and Oscillator Strengths of Nb i Levels
Authors: Gao Yang , Geng Yidan , Quinet Pascal , Wang Xinghao , Yu Qi , Dai Zhenwen
Published: June 2019

Radiative lifetimes for 60 odd-parity levels of Nb i belonging to the 4d35s5p and 4d45p configurations, except for two levels with unknown configuration, which are in the energy range between 23,910.90 and 37,188.28 cm−1, are measured by the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique. The lifetime values range from 7.1 to 118.7 ns with uncertainties less than 10%. To our knowledge, 45 lifetime values determined in this paper are reported for the first time. By combining the experimental lifetimes with measured or computed branching fractions, we obtain transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for the individual channels depopulating the investigated levels.
The Supersonic Project: Shining Light on SIGOs—A New Formation Channel for Globular Clusters
Authors: Chiou Yeou S. , Naoz Smadar , Burkhart Blakesley , Marinacci Federico , Vogelsberger Mark
Published: June 2019

Supersonically induced gas objects (SIGOs) with little to no dark matter (DM) component are predicted to exist in patches of the universe with non-negligible relative velocity between baryons and the DM at the time of recombination. Using arepo hydrodynamic simulations we find that the gas densities inside of these objects are high enough to allow stars to form. An estimate of the luminosity of the first star clusters formed within these SIGOs suggests that they may be observed at high redshift using future Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope observations. Furthermore, our simulations indicate that SIGOs lie in a distinct place in the luminosity–radius parameter space, which can be used observationally to distinguish SIGOs from DM hosting gas systems. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, we model star formation before reionization and evolve these systems to current times. We find that SIGOs occupy a similar part of the magnitude–radius parameter space as globular clusters (GCs). These results suggest that SIGOs may be linked with present-day metal-poor local GCs. Because the relative velocity between the baryons and DM is coherent over a few Mpc scales, we predict that if this is the dominant mechanism for the formation of GCs, their abundance should vary significantly over these scales.
Serotype diversity and slaughterhouse-level risk factors related to Salmonella contamination on poultry carcasses in Algiers
Authors: Mezali Lynda , Mebkhout Faiza , Nouichi Siham , Boudjellaba Sofiane , Hamdi Taha-Mossadak
Published: June 2019

Introduction: In Algeria, the latest studies on Salmonella demonstrated warning contamination rates in farms and slaughterhouses. This pathogen can contaminate poultry meat and put humans at risk especially that such product is nowadays widely consumed.

Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted in Algiers to evaluate prevalence, determine serotypes and quantify risk for Salmonella contamination in broiler chickens and turkeys at the post-chill stage of slaughter process.

Results: batch prevalence was 63.1% for chickens and 34.9% for turkeys. Eleven serotypes were isolated from chickens and five from turkeys. The most predominant at both sample and batch levels was S. Kentucky either in chicken (65.1%) or in turkey carcasses (63.2%). Univariate analysis screened 3 variables for chickens and 5 variables for turkeys. Final multivariate regression models provided one potential risk factor for Salmonella contamination in each poultry species. Presence of less than 6 broilers simultaneously in the traditional scalding tank of small scale slaughterhouses had a significantly reduced contamination risk (OR = 0.31; p < 0.05). Slaughtering turkeys in sites processing only this specie than in mixed poultry slaughterhouses increased significantly the contamination probability (OR = 4.44; p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Our study indicates a high prevalence of Salmonella-contaminated poultry carcass with wide diversity of serotypes. Moreover, two potential risk factors identified for the first time in Algeria are found to be associated with the lack in hygienic management on production sites. A real threat for consumers exists highlighting the imperative need for improved safety throughout the local poultry meat supply chain.
Relevance of TNF-α, IL-6 and IRAK1 gene expression for assessing disease severity and therapy effects in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Buha Ivana , Škodrić-Trifunović Vesna , Adžić-Vukičević Tatjana , Ilić Aleksandra , Blanka-Protić Ana , Stjepanovic Mihailo , Anđelković Marina , Vreća Miša , Milin-Lazović Jelena , Spasovski Vesna , Pavlović Sonja
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TBC) is a contagious chronic respiratory disease which despite the known cause, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and many decades of successful therapy, remains one of the leading global health problems. Immune responses against Mtb infection involve both of types of immunity, but cellular immunity, in which certain cytokines and Th1 cells play a key role, is crucial. A better understanding of the functions of the cytokine network involved in the state and progression of TBC could identify specific molecular markers for monitoring of disease activity as well as therapy outcomes in TBC patients.

Methodology: We investigated expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IRAK1 genes using an RT-qPCR technique in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 33 TBC patients and 10 healthy individuals.

Results: Comparison between TBC patients and healthy individuals revealed statistically significant differences for all analyzed genes. The levels of expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were higher, while the level of IRAK1 mRNA was lower in the TBC group compared to controls. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was observed between TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression. When clinical parameters were analyzed, increased levels of TNF-α mRNA were detected in patients with a longer duration of therapy (>2 months) compared to those with a shorter therapy duration (< 2 months), and in patients without anemia.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that the inflammatory genes we examined play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, and that the expression of the TNF-α gene could be a marker for monitoring the clinical effect of the ant-tuberculosis drugs during therapy.
Distribution changes of Carabusspecies in Slovenia: historical data analysis
Authors: Ratajc Urška , Kapla Andrej , Ambrožič Ergaver Špela , Vrezec Al
Published: June 2019

In the past few decades, there has been a sharp decline in specialised and rare species of ground beetles (Carabus) throughout Europe. Our aim was to determine the distribution trends of chosen species and their conservation status in Slovenia. Based on historical and recent data over the period from 1850 to 2018, distribution maps for 25 species of genus Carabus have been made. The reduction in distribution area size was used to evaluate the decline of each species in Slovenia and for assigning them to different categories of threat status. Our results show that a significant number of species from genus Carabus are in decline. Open habitat species of ground beetles (C. cancellatus), ground beetles that are dependent on mature, unmanaged forests (C. glabratus, C. croaticus) and species, very sensitive to climate change (C. irregularis) were found to be the most endangered. Currently, only 3 species are on the Red list of threatened species in Slovenia (C. auronitens, C. gigas and C. variolosus nodulosus), and based on our results, at least 10 species of ground beetles should be added to the existing list. Two species of ground beetles, C. kollari and C. montivagus, have already disappeared from Slovenia in the last few decades, therefore intensive ecological studies of the remaining species and immediate effective conservation strategies are essential.
Aggregation and sexual attraction in Carabus – a field experiment
Authors: Drees Claudia , Schuett Wiebke , Yarwood Elisabeth , Assmann Thorsten
Published: June 2019

Individuals need to find both suitable environmental conditions and mating partners which might be especially difficult for solitary species. Here, we experimentally studied the role of olfactory cues in attracting conspecifics in several forest-dwelling Carabus species. We considered two possible ways of attraction, general aggregation and sexual attraction. In a field experiment we used single male and female beetles as baits in dry pitfall traps and compared the catches of these traps to those in empty ones. Depending on the species, we found suggestive evidence for aggregation behaviour and/or sexual attraction. Our study highlights that olfactory cues play an important role in Carabus but the underlying mechanisms remain to be studied.
Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) based on analyses of molecular sequence data--some surprises.
Authors: Kavanaugh David , Maddison David , Simison Brian , Schoville Sean , Schmidt Joachim , Faille Arnaud
Published: June 2019

To explore phylogenetic relationships among members of the carabid supertribe Nebriitae, we sampled DNA fragments extracted from adults of 244 nebriite species-group taxa, representing about 25% of known species-group taxa and 93% (38 of 41) of the currently accepted nebriite genus-group taxa. Sequence data were recorded for eight gene fragments (a total of 5654 bases) from nuclear ribosomal, mitochondrial, and nuclear protein coding genes. The resulting phylogeny is based on both individual gene and concatenated gene analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods, which produced nearly identical results. Most nodes are well supported by both high bootstrap and high posterior probability values, and many of them also by unique (autapomorphic) bases.

Many of the previously recognized genus-group taxa are supported as monophyletic, but others are not. Alternative reclassifications that reflect monophyletic groups are still being considered, based on the molecular analyses along with considerations of ease of group identification and geographical distribution. Of the two alternative reclassifications being considered, one requires the designation of 16 new subgeneric synonymies and the other only nine new subgeneric synonymies plus the recognition of three new subgenera. However, under both schemes, Nippononebria Uéno (along with its subgenus, Vancouveria Kavanaugh) is re-established as a genus separate from Nebria and sister to Leistus Frölich; and Archastes is embedded within a monophyletic genus Nebria and closely related to subgenera Oreonebria Daniel and Orientonebria Shilenkov. Additional details will be reported in the presentation.
Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) as useful tool indicating the quality of restoration practices in post-industrial areas
Authors: Kędzior Renata , Skalski Tomasz
Published: June 2019

Environmental disturbances, being a consequence of human industrial activity, strongly influence the communities of plants and animals, causing impoverishment of species pool and reduction of the overall biodiversity. Restoration of stable ecological systems in such areas is difficult and depends on many factors, that influence the rate and effectivness of recolonization. The aim of the study was to compare the diversity and life history traits of ground beetle assemblages in recultivated and spontaneously regenerated postindustrial areas as well as reference forests. In addition the carabid co-occurrence pattern as a parameter evaluating the effectiveness of ecosystem restoration was studied. The following carabid life history traits were analysed: body size, dispersal power, food preferences, breeding type, and habitat preferences. During the field study 2036 specimens belonging to 36 Carabidae species were collected. NMDS analysis divided the ground beetle assemblages in relation to ecosystem types. ANOSIM showed significant differences in dissimilarity distances between assemblages from recultivated, spontaneously regenerated and reference areas. The analysis of the structure and life-history traits of ground beetle assemblages also showed significant differences. In recultivated dumps the rate of restoration was very slow and carabid assemblages structure and life history traits maintained the early successional character, revealing significantly higher abundance of herbivorous open-area species with medium body size, high dispersal power, and a spring breeding cycle. Moreover the co-occurrence pattern of ground beetle assemblages showed a random pattern of co-occurrence, as an effect of high extinction rate reflecting high disturbance level. In case of spontaneously regenerated dumps more effective restoration processes was observed. The co-occurrence pattern of ground beetles assemblages showed a non-random pattern (the mean simulated C-score value was significantly lower than the value generated for the empirical data). Such conditions were beneficial for more sensitive carabid species (mainly medium body-sized predators with low dispersal power and an autumn breeding cycle). We conclude that ground beetles could be an useful tool indicating the direction and effectiveness of ecosystem restoration in post-industrial areas. This study indicated that recultivation techniques without proper biological soil regeneration do not guarantee full restoration of ecosystems and provide conditions for species with wide ecological ranges.
Data Location Quality at GBIF
Authors: Waller John
Published: June 2019

I will cover how the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) handles data quality issues, with specific focus on coordinate location issues, such as gridded datasets (Fig. 1) and country centroids. I will highlight the challenges GBIF faces identifying potential data quality problems and what we and others (Zizka et al. 2019) are doing to discover and address them.

GBIF is the largest open-data portal of biodiversity data, which is a large network of individual datasets (> 40k) from various sources and publishers. Since these datasets are variable both within themselves and dataset-to-dataset, this creates a challenge for users wanting to use data collected from museums, smartphones, atlases, satellite tracking, DNA sequencing, and various other sources for research or analysis.

Data quality at GBIF will always be a moving target (Chapman 2005), and GBIF already handles many obvious errors such as zero/impossible coordinates, empty or invalid data fields, and fuzzy taxon matching. Since GBIF primarily (but not exclusively) serves lat-lon location information, there is an expectation that occurrences fall somewhat close to where the species actually occurs. This is not always the case. Occurrence data can be hundereds of kilometers away from where the species naturally occur, and there can be multiple reasons for why this can happen, which might not be entirely obvious to users.

One reasons is that many GBIF datasets are gridded. Gridded datasets are datasets that have low resolution due to equally-spaced sampling. This can be a data quality issue because a user might assume an occurrence record was recorded exactly at its coordinates. Country centroids are another reason why a species occurrence record might be far from where it occurs naturally. GBIF does not yet flag country centroids, which are records where the dataset publishers has entered the lat-long center of a country instead of leaving the field blank. I will discuss the challenges surrounding locating these issues and the current solutions (such as the CoordinateCleaner R package).

I will touch on how existing DWCA terms like coordinateUncertaintyInMeters and footprintWKT are being utilized to highlight low coordinate resolution. Finally, I will highlight some other emerging data quality issues and how GBIF is beginning to experiment with dataset-level flagging. Currently we have flagged around 500 datasets as gridded and around 400 datasets as citizen science, but there are many more potential dataset flags.
Use of Citizen Science Data for Characterizing Patterns and Drivers of Avian Altitudinal Migration
Authors: Tsai Pei-Yu , Ko Chie-Jen , Lu Ya-Jung , Hsieh Chia , Tuanmu Mao-Ning
Published: June 2019

Altitudinal migration, the seasonal and repeateing movement of animal individuals between breeding and non-breeding areas at different elevations, is a common and important but understudied behavior in birds. Difficulty in characterizing avian altitudinal migration has prevented a comprehensive understanding of both patterns and drivers of this behavior. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated altitudinal migration patterns and underlying mechanisms for a major proportion (~70%) of an entire resident bird community on a subtropical island with an almost 4000-m elevational gradient. We quantified migration tendency of individual bird species based on the seasonal shift in the elevational distribution of their occurrence records in the eBird database. We then built phylogeny-controlled regression models to examine the associations between the birds’ migration tendencies and their functional traits to test major hypotheses on the mechanisms of altitudinal migration. The results showed a common but variable altitudinal migration behavior among the 118 species examined, with 40 and 11 species conducting post-breeding downhill and uphill migration, respectively. The species that have a narrower thermal tolerance range, can tolerate lower temperatures, have a smaller body size, have a more diverse or invertebrate-rich diet, or use an open nest had a higher downhill migration tendency. In contrast, no traits examined showed consistent associations with the uphill migration tendency. This suggests that post-breeding downhill and uphill migrations are driven by different processes and current hypotheses can only explain the former, but not the latter. This relatively comprehensive study demonstrated the power of citizen science data to provide new insights into an old research question from a novel perspective. Using the same approach, we are investigating the behavior in mountain regions around the world. With the global analysis, we will be able to understand the general patterns and mechanisms of avian altitudinal migration and also investigate their variation among mountain regions in different climate zones. In the face of rapid environmental changes in mountain ecosystems, the approach used in this study may also provide essential information for the conservation of mountainous biodiversity.
Otobur in Action: Processing of various biodiversity data for botanical gardens; flowering calendar, herbarium digitization, propagation trials and scientific plant names
Authors: Aydınkal Rasim , Kanoğlu Salih
Published: June 2019

Over the past decade, great improvements have occurred in the field of biodiversity information technology. Data types such as geographic and phenological (e.g., blooming) characteristics of different specimens, which are used for the analysis of environmental issues, are steadily increasing on a large scale. Most herbaria and botanic gardens are involved in the digital compilations of such kinds of data to be able to transform them into meaningful results that can be used to tackle environmental problems (Leadlay and Greene 1998). These are usually in the form of high resolution images, along with tables displaying additional information about specimens, which are accessible over the internet.

This study, will describe how we made an annual estimate of phenological data, constructing a flowering calendar of plants (Fig. 1) in the Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi (NGBB), using Otobur (Loizeau et al. 2018). Otobur is a data management system developed under NGBB in Istanbul, which is accessible at https://www.otobur.org.tr. In addition to this, we also analyze our recorded data on the ongoing propagation effort of seedlings, in order to analyze and compare their prior germination success and mortality ratios (Fig. 2). This enables us to improve our procedures, and to find the most suitable techniques to apply in the most accurate propagation trials.
Measuring Morphological Functional Leaf Traits From Digitized Herbarium Specimens Using TraitEx Software
Authors: Gaikwad Jitendra , Triki Abdelaziz , Bouaziz Bassem
Published: June 2019

Herbarium specimens are of vital importance for understanding biodiversity. There are more than 350 million specimens stored in herbaria worldwide (Thiers 2018) Globally, many herbaria have undertaken digitization projects of plant specimens, on a massive scale, to preserve them and to make the images easily accessible to users.

Over the past years, with significant advances in the field of computer vision, new potential uses of digitized specimens have emerged, such as automated species identification using qualitative morphological traits. However, due to lack of efficient tools, efforts to extract functional (quantitative) morphological traits from digitized herbarium specimens are lagging behind. Functional trait data is of significant importance to understand the functioning of the ecosystem and interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. It is currently fragmented and initiatives such as TRY Trait database (https://www.try-db.org) are making efforts to fill the gaps in the observed trait matrix (Schrodt et al. 2015). In order to complement the global efforts, we have developed a software tool, TraitEx , which can measure quantitative traits such as the length, area, width and perimeter of leaves along with the petiole length from digitized herbarium specimens.

TraitEx is a standalone Java-based open source tool developed after extensive interactions with biodiversity researchers. The main features of the tool are: (1) efficiently handling high-resolution specimen images, (2) accurately extracting measurements from specimens with varied leaf shapes that are mounted using white tape, (3) integrating ImageJ functionality (https://imagej.net/Welcome) to pre-process and edit the images, (4) measuring trait values to export in comma separated values (CSV) format along with original image and (5) reducing potential damage of fragile specimens, which might occur while physically measuring the traits.

Along with user guide and documentation, TraitEx tool is available at https://bitbucket.org/traitExTool/traitextool. The tool is made available under the BSD-2-Clause License.
Molecular versus morphological data for benthic diatoms biomonitoring in Northern Europe freshwater and consequences for ecological status
Authors: Bailet Bonnie , Bouchez Agnes , Franc Alain , Frigerio Jean-Marc , Keck François , Karjalainen Satu-Maaria , Rimet Frederic , Schneider Susanne , Kahlert Maria
Published: June 2019

Diatoms are known to be efficient bioindicators for water quality assessment because of their rapid response to environmental pressures and their omnipresence in water bodies. The identification of benthic diatoms communities in the biofilm, coupled with quality indices such as the Indice de polluosensibilité spécifique (IPS) can be used for biomonitoring purposes in freshwater. However, the morphological identification and counting of diatoms species under the microscope is time-consuming and requires extensive expertise to deal with a constantly evolving taxonomy. In response, a molecular-based and potentially more cost-effective method has been developed, coupling high-throughput sequencing and DNA metabarcoding. The method has already been tested for water quality assessment with diatoms in Central Europe. In this study, we applied both the traditional and molecular methods on 180 biofilms samples from Northern Europe (rivers and lakes of Fennoscandia and Iceland). The DNA metabarcoding data were obtained on two different DNA markers, the 18S-V4 and rbcL barcodes, with the NucleoSpin Soil kit for DNA extraction and sequenced on an Ion Torrent PGM platform. We assessed the ability of the molecular method to produce species inventories, IPS scores and ecological status class comparable to the ones generated by the traditional morphology-based approach. The two methods generated correlated but significantly different IPS scores and ecological status assessment. The observed deviations are explained by presence/absence and abundance discrepancies in the species inventories, mainly due to the incompleteness of the barcodes reference databases, primer bias and strictness of the bioinformatic pipeline. Abundance discrepancies are less common than presence/absence discrepancies but have a greater effect on the ecological assessment. Missing species in the reference databases are mostly acidophilic benthic diatoms species, typical of the low pH waters of Northern Europe. The two different DNA markers also generated significantly different ecological status assessments. The use of the 18S-V4 marker generates more species inventories discrepancies, but achieves an ecological assessment more similar to the traditional morphology-based method. Further development of the metabarcoding method is needed for its use in environmental assessment. For its application in Northern Europe, completion and curation of reference databases are necessary, as well as evaluation of the currently available bioinformatics pipelines. New indices, fitted for environmental biomonitoring, should also be developed directly from molecular data.
Phylogeny and diversity of Haploporus (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota)
Authors: Zhou Meng , Wang Li , May Tom W. , Vlasák Josef , Chen Jia-Jia , Dai Yu-Cheng
Published: June 2019

Four species of Haploporus, H.angustisporus, H.crassus, H.gilbertsonii and H.microsporus are described as new and H.pirongia is proposed as a new combination, based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU) sequences. Haploporusangustisporus, H.crassus and H.microsporus occur in China, H.gilbertsonii occurs in the USA, and the distribution of H.pirongia is extended from New Zealand to Australia. Haploporusangustisporus is characterized by the distinct narrow oblong basidiospores measuring 10.5–13.5 × 3.9–5 µm. Haploporuscrassus is characterized by the presence of ventricose cystidioles occasionally with a simple septum, dissepimental hyphae usually with a simple septum, unique thick-walled basidia and distinctly wide oblong basidiospores measuring 13.5–16.5 × 7.5–9.5 µm. Haploporusgilbertsonii is characterized by its large pores (2–3 per mm), a dimitic hyphal structure with non-dextrinoid skeletal hyphae and wide oblong basidiospores measuring 12–15 × 6–8 µm. Haploporusmicrosporus is characterized by distinctly small pores (7–9 per mm), the presence of dendrohyphidia, and distinctly small ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 5.3–6.7 × 3–4.1 µm. Haploporuspirongia is proposed as a new combination. Haploporusamarus is shown to be a synonym of H.odorus and Pachykytosporawasseri is considered a synonym of H.subtrameteus.
Des représentations lycéennes de la relégation scolaire
Authors: Rahault Typhaine
Published: June 2019

Cet article expose comment se forment les représentations que des lycéens ont de leur propre établissement. Parmi les élèves, des variations existent selon le recrutement, les aspirations ou encore l’imminence du passage de l’examen. L’auteure dégage trois dimensions saillantes qui façonnent la représentation d’une relégation : un lycée pauvre, masculin, accueillant des déviants scolaires. Ces dimensions sont fortement dépendantes du regard des lycéens eux-mêmes sur la composition de la population scolarisée. À travers l’enquête menée pendant trois ans au lycée René-Caillé, on peut voir l’illustration de cette considération dans le surnom que les lycéens donnent à leur établissement, de façon tantôt affective tantôt amère : « René-Couille ».
La conscience chrétienne ou la promotion d’une liberté critique et autocritique
Authors: Fino Catherine
Published: June 2019

Cet article évalue les ressources du christianisme pour former à une liberté critique et autocritique. Si la raison a la capacité de percevoir la cohérence et les exigences de la Création, l’homme conserve une ample liberté pour déterminer les modalités d’application et résoudre les dilemmes éthiques. Le primat de la volonté comme instance de décision et la complexité des dilemmes, sans disqualifier la loi morale, ont renforcé le primat de la conscience qui doit évaluer la rationalité de la loi et ses conséquences, afin d’éviter autant l’idéalisme que le subjectivisme. La perception renforcée de la faillibilité de la conscience invite enfin les chrétiens à valoriser les critères de leur tradition, tels que l’attention aux plus petits, qu’ils reçoivent de la Parole biblique et de la pratique d’une forme de vie solidaire, mais aussi le dialogue qui ouvre à l’autocritique.
La fonction critique de la tradition canonique
Authors: Joubert Thibault
Published: June 2019

La notion de tradition canonique permet d’envisager le droit canonique non seulement dans son historicité propre, au-delà de toute tentation positiviste, mais plus encore dans la dynamique de la transmission de la Révélation divine. Cela revient à reconnaître une légitimité forte à la régulation juridique dans l’Église, puisque fondée dans l’économie du salut, tout en affirmant la nécessité d’un ajustement continu de ce droit à l’aune de l’actualité de l’Évangile. L’enracinement de la tradition canonique dans l’événement du salut est la condition pour en penser la fonction critique. Par ailleurs, une telle perspective est susceptible de contribuer à expliciter le fondement épistémologique du droit canonique en posant l’articulation intrinsèque entre droit, théologie et histoire.
La réforme comme service de l’histoire
Authors: Forestier Luc
Published: June 2019

L’Église semble mal à l’aise face à l’histoire comme discipline et face aux développements de l’histoire humaine. Pour certains, l’Église apparaît comme en dehors de l’histoire, tandis que, pour d’autres, elle est soumise à des forces politiques insubmersibles. Ces clichés ne résistent pas à l’observation des réformes que l’Église a connues au long des siècles, en particulier autour de Vatican II. Le rapprochement de deux acteurs de la réception conciliaire, Joseph Ratzinger et Giuseppe Alberigo, montre que les oppositions sur l’interprétation de Vatican II sont dépassées dans la conviction que l’Église doit être réformée, non au nom de principes politiques intangibles ni au nom des modes contemporaines, mais à partir de l’Évangile. La forme même de la Bible indique comment Dieu est fidèle à l’histoire des hommes, et y suscite son Église.
Israël face à l’Église : un effet de miroir
Authors: Andrevon Thérèse
Published: June 2019

Les images et statues de la Synagogue, les yeux bandés et le sceptre brisé que l’Église couronnée et triomphante toise, résument la pensée chrétienne à l’égard du peuple juif durant des siècles. Mais que se passe-t-il lorsque, à la faveur du Concile Vatican II et du court paragraphe 4 de la déclaration Nostra aetate , le voile tombe et que l’Église voit Israël face à face ? Dans cet article, l’A. expose quelques enjeux découlant de cet effet de miroir occasionné par la rencontre renouvelée de l’Église avec le peuple juif. Ce face-à-face exigeant la stimule à repenser l’Incarnation, sa nature de peuple messianique, son rapport aux autres religions, et à être en partenariat avec le peuple juif, signe de contradiction au service de l’avènement définitif du Royaume.
La croix du Christ, principe critique
Authors: Souletie Jean-Louis
Published: June 2019

Si la christologisation de la mort de Jésus est un long processus dans le Nouveau Testament, c’est que cette mort introduit une pierre d’achoppement, le scandale de la croix selon saint Paul. La tradition chrétienne qui s’en réclame contient alors en elle-même sa propre critique et sa force prophétique comme l’a montré le théologien français Joseph Moingt, s.j. La croix rouvre en permanence dans l’histoire le procès fait à Jésus en son temps. Le Messie crucifié est au cœur de la tradition chrétienne un aiguillon et une mémoire dangereuse pour tous les pouvoirs.