bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stroke Prediction using Machine Learning
Authors: Bhavana R.
Published: June 2021

Stroke is a drawn out inability sickness caused everywhere on the world and it is the third driving reason for demise. Early forecast of stroke gives more important to the current time. Stroke happens fundamentally due to individuals' way of life in the advanced time changing elements, for example, high glucose, coronary illness, weight, diabetes. In this examination, we analyze the Support vector machine, Decision tree, Random forest and XG Boost.we have utilized four AI calculations to recognize the sort of stroke that can happen or happened to structure an individual's actual state and clinical report information. We have gathered a decent number of sections from the clinics and use them to take care of our concern. The characterization result shows that the outcome is good and can be utilized continuously clinical report. We accept that AI calculations can help better comprehension of illnesses and can be a decent medical care buddy.
Individual Style of Dostoevsky: Dimensions of Investigation
Authors: Baranov Analoly N. , Dobrovol’skij Dmitrij O. , Fateeva Natalia A.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the existing approaches to the study of the individual style of the writer. We call these approaches models of individual style. We distinguish lexical model, syntactical model, narrative model and the model of intertextual relations. Specific features of the lexical model consist of the frequency distribution of certain words in text formation. The frequency distribution of lexical items reflects the importance of certain meanings and conceptual areas for a given author. The syntactic model of individual style is based on identifying characteristic syntactic constructions that have a high frequency rank for a particular author. The narrative model characterizes the way the story is organized. The units of the narrative model are the components of the plot and the operations that are performed on these components (moving, eliminating fragments of the narrative, combining episodes and scenes, introducing some components of the plot into others). Intertextual relations, that is, a set of semantic and formal references to other texts of the same or other authors, form an intertextual model, which also is unique for every writer. The above mentioned models complement each other and, taken together, make it possible to describe the specific features of the unique speech practices of the writer. Models of individual style are illustrated by the examples from Dostoevskys works. Modern corpus data technologies make it possible to more strictly develop the models of individual style, enhancing their objectivity by the implementation of quantitative methods. This article is a part of a project, initiated by Yu.N. Karaulov and E.L. Ginzburg.
Editorial
Authors: Editores(as) Os (as)
Published: June 2021

Prezados(as) Leitores(as),Atravessamos o atípico ano de 2020 mais uma vez com cortes substanciais na educação brasileira. A conjuntura política cria obstáculos profundos para que os periódicos científicos mantenham-se funcionando com a regularidade almejada. O descaso com o setor educacional espraiou-se também a saúde nacional, por isso, encerramos esse ano com recordes de falecimentos por conta da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Estamos todos abalados com esses eventos e isso se reflete na melancolia contemporânea.
Mobiliseringsvalget 2019: Hadde kommunereformen noen betydning?
Authors: Bergh Johannes , Christensen Dag Arne , Holmås Tor Helge
Published: June 2021

Voter turnout in the Norwegian local election of 2019 rose from the previous election by about 5 percentage points, to 65 percent, which is higher than any other local election since 1991. Another unusual feature of the 2019 election was the implementation of a much-debated and politically contentious municipal amalgamation reform. Voters in municipalities that were to be merged on January 1st, 2020, voted in the new municipal councils in the election. Consequently, a key question in this chapter is whether or not a link exists between the rise in turnout and the municipal reform. We start, however, by looking at turnout more broadly. Who votes in local elections, and who abstains? By using sampled panel data from the Norwegian electoral roll that covers five consecutive elections, we find that habitual voters tend to be highly educated and middle-aged. The permanent abstainers constitute 9 percent of the electorate, and they often have immigrant backgrounds and no higher education. The analyses of the municipal reform reveal no overall significant effect on turnout. Small municipalities that were merged saw some rise in turnout, relative to larger merged municipalities. Indications are that the political issues that dominated the campaign had a mobilizing effect. Two large-scale government initiated get-out-the-vote efforts likely played some role in getting people to the polls.
Representasjon i nye storkommunar: Forgubbing og sentrumsdominans eller status quo?
Authors: Bakke Elisabeth , Folkestad Bjarte
Published: June 2021

The 2019 local elections in Norway were the first elections to be held in 47 amalgamated municipalities. Earlier research has shown that geography is an important list-balancing criterion in national elections, yet it is an under-researched aspect of descriptive representation in local elections. In this chapter we set out to fill this gap. Using the representation literature as a point of departure, we study the effect of merger on geographic representation and investigate whether stronger emphasis on geography increased the gender or age bias of the municipal councils in newly merged municipalities. To this end, we use candidate data from all local candidates in the 2019 local elections (N = 54254) as well as historic candidate data for previous elections. We combine this with qualitative party interviews to shed light on the parties’ nomination processes. We find that candidates from the smaller municipalities are overrepresented on the party lists as well as in the municipal councils of the 47 municipalities. This is the combined effect of party nomination practices and voters’ preferences. However, somewhat surprisingly, increased emphasis on geography did not affect age or gender balance to any great extent. The results for the newly merged municipalities fit well into the national trend, featuring slightly older and more gender-equal candidate lists across time. Geography thus seems to have been an additional list-balancing criterion, on top of, and not instead of, gender and age.
Innovation and International Entrepreneurship: Will the Digital Platform Serve All?
Authors: Rammal Hussain G.
Published: June 2021

The link between knowledge, innovation, and technology, as understood in extant literature, tends to emphasize a digital, high-tech platform for the implementation of innovative ideas. This paper challenges this view and details why relying solely on digital platforms and innovation may not let companies reach their full potential. Using examples of frugal innovation, this paper recommends that entrepreneurs need not limit their ideas by focusing only on digital and technology-driven innovation, and to consider the infrastructure realities of the developing economies.
Os sentidos da pedra: Goethe e a arquitetura em três tempos
Authors: Arraes Esdras
Published: June 2021

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe has a vast art criticism production, among which there are three articles dedicated to Architecture, objects of this essay: the first one elaborates a poetic discourse on Strasbourg`s cathedral, the second one deals with objects of classical Antiquity, and the latter refers to another gothic cathedral, that of the city of Cologne. From an historiographical and philosophical interpretation, this article seeks to understand the meaning of Architecture within the three Goethian writings, but also in a broader sense, circumscribing them into the German poet’s literary works. It also wishes to comprehend the idea of Gothic style and other categories —such as nature, fiction, and ruin— inside the European artistic debate of mid-18th century.
Creation as a Cosmic Temple: Reading Genesis 1:1–2:4a in Light of Willie van Heerden’s Ecological Insights
Authors: Kavusa Kivatsi Jonathan
Published: June 2021

This article is based on Willie van Heerden’s insight into the ecological retrieval of the dominion mandate of Genesis 1:26–27. According to Van Heerden, human dominion has a meaning only when it is read in relationship with the crisis context of the text and particularly the symmetrical structure of Genesis 1:1–2:4a as a whole. In this sense, one discovers that creation does not culminate with human supremacy or dominion, but with celebration (Sabbath). Creation is a kind of sanctuary, a cosmic temple in which every block counts. The created order is sacred and thus all members of creation are associated with God. Hence, whatever human dominion might mean, it has to treat creation with respect as a sacred arena.
Gênero, agência escrava e estratégias de negociação
Authors: Junqueira de Mello Reis Laura
Published: June 2021

não se aplica.
Solución de Controversias en Línea, Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos e Inteligencia Artificial para la descongestión en la administración de justicia.
Authors: Bustamante Rúa Mónica María , Ángel Muñoz Santiago , Giraldo Aristizábal Julián Andrés , Marín Tapiero Jorge Iván
Published: June 2021

Propósito ”“ Analizar la Solución de Controversias en Línea (SCL), con relación a los Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos, la Inteligencia Artificial y su efectividad para la descongestión de la administración de justicia.

Metodología ”“ La investigación fue analítico cualitativa, se enmarca en las denominadas investigaciones exploratorias, esto es, aquellas que tienden a determinar tendencias, identificar relaciones entre variables y servir para investigaciones posteriores. Para el efecto, se realizó análisis documental de artículos publicados en revistas jurídicas y consultados a través de bases de datos científicas, en su mayoría búsquedas y hallazgos virtuales, que permitieran vislumbrar las instituciones jurídicas comprendidas en la Solución de Controversias en Línea y los Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos.

Hallazgos ”“ La SCL ha permitido la aplicación de los Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos (MASC), tales como la mediación, la conciliación, la transacción o negociación y la amigable composición valiéndose de medios virtuales que incluso pueden incorporar inteligencia artificial, es decir, la posibilidad de que las máquinas imiten el pensamiento humano para tomar decisiones. Debe observar los principios de transparencia, equidad, rendición de cuentas y respeto a las garantías procesales offline, de los cuales, la celeridad, la economía, la igualdad de armas y la preexistencia de formas procesales afloran con facilidad en el proceso online, no obstante, garantías tales como la tutela efectiva de los derechos, la imparcialidad, la independencia,  la inmediación y la publicidad podrían verse desdibujadas.
El uso de la tecnología en la agricultura
Authors: Carpio Santos Lisi Katherine
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo pretender dar a conocer la evolución que ha tenido la agricultura en la utilización de herramientas tecnológicas, y como la misma ha servido de ayuda para la mano de obra, y rendimiento agrícola, además se resalta la importancia que tiene la tecnología en la generación de competitividad en la producción y comercialización agrícola tanto en el mercado local y nacional; es decir el principal objetivo de esta investigación es de explorar como la aplicación de tecnologías puede ayudar a mejorar la producción de la agricultura  y aumentar la seguridad alimentaria de los agricultores, hay que mencionar que el origen de este trabajo investigativo nace por la aparición de un nuevo paradigma tecnológico como influencia en la agricultura a nivel mundial, donde se analiza el impacto que tiene la mecanización, la automatización y la presencia de las TICS en la producción agrícola. La investigación bibliográfica a presentar aborda diferentes aspectos como el surgimiento y aparición de la tecnología como arma de desarrollo en la agricultura.
إشكالية تكييف إصابة العامل بفيروس كورونا المستجد – دراسة في القانونين الكويتي والقطري
Authors: الهذال سامي مطرد , العياش مرضي عبيد
Published: June 2021

أثار اجتياح فيروس كورونا المستجد لدول العالم العديد من التساؤلات القانونية، حول مدى كفاية القوانين الحالية في مواجهة تداعيات هذه الأزمة. ومن ضمن التساؤلات المثارة ما مدى استحقاق العامل للتعويض عند إصابته بعدوى الفيروس؟ ولهذه الإصابة خصوصية قانونية مميزة؛ نظرًا لطبيعتها الخفية، وتراخي ظهور أعراضها لفترة زمنية معينة، خلافًا لإصابات العمل الشائعة من جانب، وصعوبة إقامة الصلة بين واقعة الإصابة ومهنة العامل من جانب آخر. وقد كشفت الدراسة عن أبرز المشكلات التي تعترض حق العامل في التعويض عند الإصابة بعدوى الفيروس؛ نظرا لاستمرار تشبث الفقه والقضاء بمفاهيم قانونية، وجدت أساسًا لمواجهة الإصابات التي يخلفها تعرض العمال لمؤثرات خارجية محسوسة. وقد حاولنا، من خلال هذه الدراسة، لفت انتباه المشرع والفقه والقضاء إلى هذه الإشكالية، وضرورة تبني مفهوم واسع لحادث العمل، في إطار دراسة تحليلية في قانوني العمل الكويتي والقطري.
Analisis Saluran Pemasaran Belimbing Dewa di Kecamatan Pancoran Mas Kota Depok
Authors: Az Zahra Fatimah , Nauly Dahlia
Published: June 2021

Starfruit is one type of fruit that is widely cultivated in Indonesia, with Depok City occupying the first position in producing star fruit in West Java Province. However, there is a significant difference in price at the farm level and the consumer level which raises the question of how star fruit is marketed in Depok City. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of the marketing flow, the marketing function of each marketing agency, the cost of marketing, the farmer's share, and the marketing margin as well as to determine the marketing efficiency of each institution involved in the marketing of star fruit in Pancoran Mas District, Depok City. The method used in this research includes qualitative methods in the form of descriptive analysis for analysis of marketing flow patterns and functions of marketing, and quantitative is useful as an analysis of costs, marketing margins, and marketing efficiency of each marketing channel. Determination of the sample was done purposively with 30 farmers as respondents who were scattered in Rangkap Jaya and Rangkap Jaya Baru Villages, Pancoran Mas District, Depok City. The results of this study indicate; there are five marketing channels. channel I: Farmers - Consumers, channel II: Farmers - Retailers (fruit shops) - Consumers, channel III: Farmers - Brokers - Wholesalers - Retailers (traditional markets) - Consumers, channel IV: Farmers - Brokers - Wholesalers - Supplier - Retailer (self-service) - Consumers, and line V: Farmers - Suppliers - Retailers (self-service) - Consumers. Each marketing agency performs a different marketing function. The marketing costs and marketing margins that have the highest prices are carried out by channel IV with prices of Rp 1,811 and Rp 17,400. Marketing flow I am considered the most efficient when viewed from the farmer's share and marketing margin. The recommended marketing channels for this research are channels II and III if you have a farmer's share of 84% and 51%. It is recommended that farmers implement a mixed marketing strategy by combining the marketing channels used to increase farmer's share and reduce marketing margins.
Prospek Swasembada Beras di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Handani Wajar Mey , Kusnadi Nunung , Rachmina Dwi
Published: June 2021

Rice self-sufficiency in Indonesia remains a national priority program since rice is a staple food of the majority of the population. This national program has become an economic development agenda in almost all local governments at the provincial and district levels. East Kalimantan Province is one of the provinces that set the rice self-sufficiency on the local medium-term planning (RPJMD) 2013-2018. This research generally aimed at analyzing the prospect of rice self-sufficiency in East Kalimantan Province. Specifically, the research aimed to measure the potential for developing rice in East Kalimantan Province and to analyze the production technical efficiency of rice farming. The data used in this research were national and provincial agriculture land area and 337 units of rice farm from Agricultural Census 2013. Using LQ (Location Quotient) method indicated that economically rice was not a basic commodity of East Kalimantan Province. At the provincial level, there were only two out of four districts that had rice as a basic commodity. Stochastic production frontier analysis showed that the technical efficiency of rice production was 0.64, which indicated that rice production in the province was 36 per cent below its production frontier. Planting patterns and land status significantly improved technical efficiency. From this research can be concluded that the self-sufficiency program in East Kalimantan Province was not supported by regional potential of rice production nor by technically efficient rice production at the farm level.
Development and Optimization of Proniosomal Gel Containing Etodolac: In-vitro, Ex-vivo and In-vivo Evaluation
Authors: Patil Moreshwar , Pandit Prashant , Udavant Pavan , Sonawane Sandeep , Bhambere Deepak
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Etodolac is used in the treatment of acute pain and inflammation. It has low solubility because of high hydrophobicity and it is reported that upon oral administration shows gastric disturbances. This encourages the development of topical vesicular formulation.

Method: In this work we used coacervation-phase separation method for the development of etodolac loaded vesicular system by using non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol and soya lecithin. Central composite design (rotatble) was used to optimize the concentrations of soy lecithin, surfactant and cholesterol. The prepared formulations were characterized by number of vesicles formed, vesicle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro permeation, ex-vivo permeation and anti-inflammatory study.

Results: Etodolac was successfully entrapped in all formulations having efficiency in the range of 74.36% to 90.85%, which was more at 4 °C than room temperature. When hydrated with water; niosome in the range of 54 to 141 (per cubic mm) were spontaneously produced. The results of in-vitro diffusion study revealed that etodolac was released in the range of 71.86 to 97.16% over a period of 24 hrs. The average vesicle size of optimized formulation was found 211.9 nm with PDI of 0.5. The observed responses i.e. % encapsulation efficiency and drug release were 74.12 and 95.08 respectively. The zeta potential was -19.4mV revealed the stability of formulation which was further confirmed by no changes in drug content and drug release after stability studies. The % inhibition in paw volume was 40.52% and 43.61% for test and marketed proniosomal gel.

Conclusion: Proniosomal gel formulation was stable and could enhance skin delivery of etodolac because of excellent permeation capability of vesicular system.
Los inicios del Programa de Artes del Instituto Técnico Obrero Empresarial del Polígono Industrial Don Bosco
Authors: Bernabé Villodre María Mar
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo recoge una experiencia en el Instituto Técnico Obrero Empresarial Don Bosco durante el inicio de la actividad musical de dicha institución y los resultados y el posterior camino que esta actividad inicial supuso. Durante un mes se trabajó con todos los niveles educativos de esta institución para introducirles en el mundo de la música, pero desde una perspectiva específica destinada a potenciar su creatividad como futuros empresarios y a mejorar su formación personal cultural. En definitiva, este acercamiento a la música se promovió como un intento de conseguir empresarios creativos y al mismo tiempo seres humanos abiertos a la belleza de las manifestaciones artísticas como actividad enriquecedora, motivadora y suavizadora del carácter y la conducta. Este primer paso marcó el comienzo de la Orquesta Sinfónica Juvenil Don Bosco y del Conservatorio Nacional Don Bosco, instituciones que contribuyen no sólo a alejar a los salvadoreños más jóvenes de la violencia que acompaña su vida sino que permite formar al profesorado en unos valores y una metodología específicos para que su labor docente contribuya a disminuir la violencia que miles de niños y niñas de las zonas más marginales de la capital sufren diariamente.
Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults
Authors: Keating Connor Tom , Sowden Sophie , Cook Jennifer
Published: June 2021

Recent developments suggest that autistic individuals may require static and dynamic angry expressions to be of higher emotional intensity in order for them to be successfully identified. In the case of dynamic stimuli, autistic individuals require angry facial motion to have a higher speed. Therefore, it is plausible that autistic individuals do not have a ‘deficit’ in angry expression recognition, but rather their internal representation of these expressions is characterized by very high-speed movement. In this (pre-registered) study, 25 autistic and 25 non-autistic adults matched on age, gender, non-verbal reasoning and alexithymia completed a novel emotion-based task which employed dynamic displays of happy, angry and sad point light facial (PLF) expressions. On each trial, participants moved a slider to manipulate the speed of a PLF stimulus such that it moved at a speed that, in their ‘mind’s eye’, was typical of happy, angry or sad expressions. Results showed that participants attributed the highest speeds to angry, then happy, then sad, facial motion. Participants increased the speed of angry and happy expressions by 41% and 27% respectively and decreased the speed of sad expressions by 18%. This suggests that participants have ‘caricatured’ internal representations of emotion, wherein emotion-related kinematic cues are over-emphasized. There were no differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in the speeds attributed to full-face and partial-face (those only showing the eyes or mouth) angry, happy and sad facial motion respectively. Consequently, we find no evidence that autistic adults possess atypical fast internal representations of angry expressions.
Analysis of L2 Regularization Hyper Parameter for Stock Price Prediction
Authors: Saud Arjun Singh , Shakya Subarna
Published: June 2021

Nowadays stock price prediction is an active area of research among machine learning researchers. One of the main problems with machine learning models is overfitting. Regularization techniques are widely used approaches to avoid over-fitted models. L2 regularization is one of the most popular and widely used regularization techniques. Regularization hyperparameter (ʎ) is one key parameter to be optimized for a well-generalized machine learning model. Hyperparameters can’t be learned by machine learning models during the learning process. We need to find their optimal value through experiments. This research work analyzed the L2 regularization hyperparameter used with a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network for stock price prediction. We experimented with five stocks from the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) and observed that stock price can be predicted with lower mean squared errors (MSEs) when the value of ʎ was around 0.0005. Therefore, this research paper recommended using ʎ=0.0005 with L2 regularization for stock price prediction.
Inter-annual variation in winter distribution affects individual seabird contamination with mercury
Authors: Albert C , Bråthen VS , Descamps S , Anker-Nilssen T , Cherenkov A , Christensen-Dalsgaard S , Danielsen J , Erikstad KE , Gavrilo M , Hanssen SA , Helgason HH , Jónsson JE , Kolbeinsson Y , Krasnov Y , Langset M , Lorentzen E , Olsen B , Reiertsen TK , Strøm H , Systad GH , Tertitski G , Thompson PM , Thórarinsson TL , Bustamante P , Moe B , Fort J
Published: June 2021

Migratory seabirds are exposed to various pollutants throughout their annual cycle. Among them, mercury (Hg) is of particular concern given its large impact on animal health. Recent studies suggest that winter is a critical period for seabirds when contamination by Hg can be higher than at other times of year. However, individuals within and between species can have different migration strategies and winter distributions that could affect their exposure. Here, we combined multi-year individual tracking data and Hg measurements from 6 Arctic seabird species. We investigated whether inter-annual variations in individual winter contamination with Hg was related to seabird fidelity to a wintering site over years. First, our results show that Hg concentrations above the toxicity threshold (i.e. 5 µg g-1dry weight in feathers) were observed in variable proportions according to species (from 2% of northern fulmars to 37% of Brünnich’s guillemots). Second, individuals with high fidelity to a wintering ground had more similar Hg concentrations among years compared to individuals with low fidelity, suggesting an effect of their migratory strategy on Hg contamination. Further, we found that the directional change in wintering areas among years influenced seabird Hg contamination, highlighting an additional effect of seabirds’ winter distribution. More specifically, individuals migrating to the northwest direction of a previous wintering ground tended to be more contaminated compared to those moving to eastern directions. These results confirm spatial differences in Hg concentration throughout the North Atlantic-Arctic and an east-west gradient increase in Hg concentrations. Verifying this trend will require more large-scale ecotoxicological studies at smaller spatial resolution.
The Association Between ABO Blood Group and Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Ting , Wang Yixiao , Wu Lan , Ling Zhonghui , Li Chanjuan , Long Wei , Xie Kaipeng , Ding Hongjuan
Published: June 2021

Objective: This meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the association between ABO blood group and the risk of preeclampsia (PE).

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases from their inception to September 23, 2020.

Methods: Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained through random-effects and fixed-effects models according to heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis was applied to explore the source of heterogeneity. We conducted a subgroup analysis by the publication year, study design, state, and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score. In addition, we calculated the rate of each ABO blood group in PE by total pooled effects.

Results: A total of 12 articles with 714,153 patients were included in our analysis. Compared with people without PE (control group), the O blood group presented a lower risk of PE (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.97). The AB (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.12–1.91) blood group presented a higher risk. However, the total pooled OR and 95% CI for the A (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90–1.16) and B (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98–1.05) blood groups were not significant. The funnel plot and linear regression equation showed that there was no publication bias for the O, A, or B blood groups (all P > 0.05). However, the funnel plot and linear regression equation for the AB blood group were obviously asymmetric (P < 0.05), and the publication bias persisted even after the trim-and-fill method was applied (P < 0.05). Multivariable meta-regression analysis did not find a specific source of heterogeneity. The A blood group showed an association with early-onset PE (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.83), and the other blood groups showed no significant differences. In PE, the rates of the O, A, B, and AB blood groups decreased gradually (0.39, 0.33, 0.19, 0.07).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that pregnant women with AB blood group are more likely to develop PE, and more attention should be paid to AB blood group whose blood pressure is high but not sufficient to diagnose PE.

Systematic Review Registration: Prospero CRD42021227930.
Sensitivity of Fine-Scale Structure in Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer to Model Horizontal Resolution at Sub-Kilometer Grid Spacing
Authors: Xu Hongxiong , Wang Yuqing
Published: June 2021

In view of the increasing interest in the explicit simulation of fine-scale features in the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer (TCBL), the effects of horizontal grid spacing on a 7–10 h simulation of an idealized TC are examined using the Weather Research and Forecast (ARW-WRF) mesoscale model with one-way moving nests and the nonlinear backscatter with anisotropy (NBA) sub-grid-scale (SGS) scheme. In general, reducing the horizontal grid spacing from 2 km to 500 m tends to produce a stronger TC with lower minimum sea level pressure (MSLP), stronger surface winds, and smaller TC inner core size. However, large eddies cannot be resolved at these grid spacings. In contrast, reducing the horizontal grid spacing from 500 to 166 m and further to 55 m leads to a decrease in TC intensity and an increase in the inner-core TC size. Moreover, although the 166-m grid spacing starts to resolve large eddies in terms of TCBL horizontal rolls and tornado-scale vortex, the use of the finest grid spacing of 55 m tends to produce shorter wavelengths in the turbulent motion and stronger multi-scale turbulence interaction. It is concluded that a grid spacing of sub-100-meters is desirable to produce more detailed and fine-scale structure of TCBL horizontal rolls and tornado-scale vortices, while the relatively coarse sub-kilometer grid spacing (e.g., 500 m) is more cost-effective and feasible for research that is not interested in the turbulence processes and for real-time operational TC forecasting in the near future.
Comparison of Cumulative Live Birth Rates Between GnRH-A and PPOS in Low-Prognosis Patients According to POSEIDON Criteria: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Shaodi , Yin Yisha , Li Qiuyuan , Zhang Cuilian
Published: June 2021

Objective

To compare the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist regimen and a progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) regimen in low-prognosis patients according to POSEIDON criteria.

Design

Single-center, retrospective, observational study.

Setting

Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China

Patients

Women aged ≤40 years, with a body mass index <25 kg/m2, who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm microinjection (ICSI) and met POSEIDON low-prognosis criteria.

Intervention

GnRH or PPOS regimen with IVF or ICSI.

Main Outcome Measure

CLBR per oocyte retrieval cycle.

Results

Per oocyte retrieval cycle, CLBR was significantly higher with GnRH antagonist versus PPOS (35.3% vs 25.2%; P<0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, CLBR per oocyte retrieval cycle was significantly lower with PPOS versus GnRH antagonist before (OR 0.62 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.46, 0.82; P=0.009]) and after (OR 0.66 [95% CI: 0.47, 0.93; P=0.0172]) adjustment for age, body mass index, infertility type, infertility duration, baseline follicle stimulating hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and insemination method. CLBR was numerically higher with the GnRH antagonist regimen than with PPOS, across all of the POSEIDON groups, and was significantly higher in patients aged ≥35 years with poor ovarian reserve [AFC <5, AMH <1.2 ng/mL] (unadjusted, P=0.0108; adjusted, P=0.0243).

Conclusion

In this single-center, retrospective, cohort study, patients had a higher CLBR with a GnRH antagonist versus PPOS regimen, regardless of other attributes.
Exosomes: A Friend or Foe for Osteoporotic Fracture?
Authors: Yang Zhimin , Zhang Wenchao , Ren Xiaolei , Tu Chao , Li Zhihong
Published: June 2021

The clinical need for effective osteoporotic fracture therapy and prevention remains urgent. The occurrence and healing of osteoporotic fracture are closely associated with the continuous processes of bone modeling, remodeling, and regeneration. Accumulating evidence has indicated a prominent role of exosomes in mediating multiple pathophysiological processes, which are essential for information and materials exchange and exerting pleiotropic effects on neighboring or distant bone-related cells. Therefore, the exosomes are considered as important candidates both in the occurrence and healing of osteoporotic fracture by accelerating or suppressing related processes. In this review, we collectively focused on recent findings on the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes in osteoporotic fracture by regulating osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis, providing us with novel therapeutic strategies for osteoporotic fracture in clinical practice.
Interaction Between Marine Fauna and the Small Pelagic Fishery in the Coastal Environment of the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Morales-Bojórquez Enrique , Nevárez-Martínez Manuel O. , García-Alberto Gabriela , Villalobos Héctor , Aguirre-Villaseñor Hugo , Larios-Castro Estefani , González-Peláez Sergio S. , Arizmendi-Rodríguez Dana I. , Martínez-Zavala María de los Ángeles
Published: June 2021

The first steps have been taken to analyze the effects of small pelagic harvests on the Gulf of California ecosystem. The primary goal of this study was to estimate the latitudinal differences in regionalized baselines of endangered and threatened marine species attracted to a purse seine in a Mexican fishery of small pelagic fish. We also analyzed the spatial patterns in fishing effort in the Gulf of California. Seven zones were analyzed in the Gulf of California, including the east and west coasts, and a total of 3,051 fishing sets were analyzed during January 2013 and July 2014; the data provided a comprehensive picture of the distribution of the fishing effort, small pelagic fishes harvested, and the presence of species attracted to the fishing sets. The region in the upper Gulf of California showed a low presence of individuals, and the east coast recorded more sightings than the west coast; consequently the fishing effort was mainly distributed in the east coast. The number of individuals for several species sighted and counted by fishing set was used for each zone in the Gulf of California, and a conservative baseline based on the Pennington estimator was computed. It provided an average value of endangered and threatened marine species attracted to a purse seine for each zone. The Pennington estimator is recommended due to the precision of the confidence intervals and the nature of the uncertainty in the data collection based on sightings.
Improvement of Flame Retardancy of Polyurethane Foam Using DOPO-Immobilized Silica Aerogel
Authors: Zheng Xin’guo , Dong Quanxiao , Wang Xi , Yu Peiyun , Wang Weimin , Zhang Jinyong , Ren Lin
Published: June 2021

In this work, silica aerogel was modified by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-1-oxide (DOPO). Then DOPO-immobilized silica aerogel nanoparticles were used as a flame retardant to prepare flame-retardant polyurethane foams. Microscale combustion calorimeter and cone calorimeter tests were employed to evaluate the flame retardancy of polyurethane foams. It was found that both the heat release rate and the total heat release of the composites were reduced with the incorporation of DOPO immobilized silica aerogel. It is speculated that the DOPO-immobilized silica aerogel nanoparticles can inhibit the degradation of polyurethane and catalyze the formation of carbonaceous carbon on the surface.
Disease Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease Due to Hypertension From 1990 to 2019: A Global Analysis
Authors: Chen Aiming , Zou Minjie , Young Charlotte Aimee , Zhu Weiping , Chiu Herng-Chia , Jin Guangming , Tian Lin
Published: June 2021

Background: Although it is widely known that hypertension is an important cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), little detailed quantitative research exists on the burden of CKD due to hypertension.

Objective: The objective of the study is to estimate the global disease burden of CKD due to hypertension and to evaluate the association between the socioeconomic factors and country-level disease burden of CKD due to hypertension.

Methods: We extracted the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) numbers, rates, and age-standardized rates of CKD due to hypertension from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database to investigate the time trends of the burden of CKD due to hypertension from 1990 to 2019. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations between the age-standardized DALY rate and socioeconomic factors and other related factors obtained from open databases.

Results: Globally, from 1990 to 2019, DALY numbers caused by CKD due to hypertension increased by 125.2% [95% confidential interval (CI), 124.6 to 125.7%]. The DALY rate increased by 55.7% (55.3 to 56.0%) to 128.8 (110.9 to 149.2) per 100,000 population, while the age-standardized DALYs per 100,000 population increased by 10.9% (10.3 to 11.5%). In general, males and elderly people tended to have a higher disease burden. The distribution disparity in the burden of CKD due to hypertension varies greatly among countries. In the stepwise multiple linear regression model, inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI) [β = −161.1 (95% CI −238.1 to −84.2), P < 0.001] and number of physicians per 10,000 people [β = −2.91 (95% CI −4.02 to −1.80), P < 0.001] were significantly negatively correlated with age-standardized DALY rate when adjusted for IHDI, health access and quality (HAQ), number of physicians per 10,000 people, and population with at least some secondary education.

Conclusion: Improving the average achievements and equality of distribution in health, education, and income, as well as increasing the number of physicians per 10,000 people could help to reduce the burden of CKD due to hypertension. These findings may provide relevant information toward efforts to optimize health policies aimed at reducing the burden of CKD due to hypertension.
Angelica Dahurica Regulated the Polarization of Macrophages and Accelerated Wound Healing in Diabetes: A Network Pharmacology Study and In Vivo Experimental Validation
Authors: Hu Yonghui , Lei Sisi , Yan Zhiyue , Hu Zhibo , Guo Jun , Guo Hang , Sun Bei , Pan Congqing
Published: June 2021

Diabetic wounds exhibit retarded and partial healing processes. Therefore, patients are exposed to an elevated risk of infection. It has been verified that Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook. f. ex Franch. and Sav (A. dahurica) is conducive for wound healing. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of A. dahurica are yet to be established. The present study uses network pharmacology and in vivo experimental validation to investigate the underlying process that makes A. dahurica conducive for faster wound healing in diabetes patients. 54 potential targets in A. dahurica that act on wound healing were identified through network pharmacology assays, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), JUN, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2). Furthermore, in vivo validation showed that A. dahurica accelerated wound healing through anti-inflammatory effects. More specifically, it regulates the polarization of M1 and M2 subtypes of macrophages. A. dahurica exerted a curative effect on diabetic wound healing by regulating the inflammation. Hence, pharmacologic network analysis combined with in vivo validation elucidated the probable effects and underlying mechanisms of A. dahurica’s therapeutic effect on diabetic wound healing.
Alone Together: Computer-Mediated Communication in Leisure Time During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Meier Jennifer V. , Noel Josephine A. , Kaspar Kai
Published: June 2021

In spring 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a global pandemic and several lockdowns were followed in Germany. To weaken the spread of the virus, SARS-CoV-2, people were required to reduce their face-to-face contact with others. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) offers opportunities to stay in touch with important people and still meets social needs. During the first lockdown in spring 2020, we collected data from 679 participants to explore the role of CMC for social interaction in the context of leisure activities and how personal characteristics contribute to such media use. Results showed that people complied with the restriction and shifted their communication to several media, especially instant messengers and video calls. Many leisure activities were performed via CMC, especially low-key activities, such as just talking or simply spending time together. Perceived social closeness to others was positively related to the quality and quantity of CMC. The extent of leisure activities that people experienced with others via communication media was higher among younger individuals, males, and individuals with higher scores on positive state affect, extraversion, openness, and fear of missing out. The preference for solitude showed a negative relation. The motivation to continue using media for communication after the pandemic was strongly related to the quality and quantity of actual use. Low extraversion and high openness were related to higher motivation for future use. Implications such as the importance of providing fast internet and good usability of communication media as well as the relevance of increasing media literacy of people are discussed.
Psychosocial Aspects During the First Wave of COVID-19 Infection in South Africa
Authors: Lentoor Antonio G. , Maepa Mokoena Patronella
Published: June 2021

Background: In South Africa, as in many countries, the nationwide spread of COVID-19 caused a public health emergency that resulted in the government implementing necessary restrictive measures such as the nationwide lockdown as a way of containing the pandemic. Such restrictive measure, while necessary, can disrupt many aspects of people's lives resulting in unprecedented psychosocial distress.

Aim: The present study aims to describe the psychosocial health and situational factors associated with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in South Africa during the first wave of infection.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey, recruited a total of 203 participants through convenience sampling via online platforms—WhatsApp, Facebook, emails, etc.—during COVID-19 lockdown in the country. Through the snowball technique, participants from across South Africa completed the online survey that assessed socio-demographic information, risk perception, history of mental health, COVID-19-related stress, and fears during the lockdown (first wave).

Results: The majority of the participants who completed the survey were young, Black African, and female. Participants reported feelings of stress and anxiety (61.2%); stress about finances (39.5%); and feelings of sadness, anger, and/or frustration (31.6%) during the lockdown. Females compared to males were more likely to perceive COVID-19 as a risk to their household, X(20)2 = 45,844, p < 0.001 and community, X(20)2 = 40,047, p = 0.005. COVID-19 differentially impacted the mental health of participants with and without mental health diagnosis, X(4)2 = 16.596, p = 0.002. Participants with a prior mental health diagnosis reported significant extra stress during lockdown (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The findings may be of significance to assist in the development of targeted psychosocial interventions to help people during and after the pandemic.
The Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Stratified Cohort (IDEA-RiSCo): Rationale, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics
Authors: Kieling Christian , Buchweitz Claudia , Caye Arthur , Manfro Pedro , Pereira Rivka , Viduani Anna , Anés Maurício , Battel Lucas , Benetti Silvia , Fisher Helen L. , Karmacharya Rakesh , Kohrt Brandon A. , Martini Thais , Petresco Sandra , Piccin Jader , Rocha Thiago , Rohde Luis Augusto , Rohrsetzer Fernanda , Souza Laila , Velazquez Bruna , Walsh Annabel , Yoon Leehyun , Zajkowska Zuzanna , Zonca Valentina , Swartz Johnna R. , Mondelli Valeria
Published: June 2021

Background:The characterization of adolescents at high risk for developing depression has traditionally relied on the presence or absence of single risk factors. More recently, the use of composite risk scores combining information from multiple variables has gained attention in prognostic research in the field of mental health. We previously developed a sociodemographic composite score to estimate the individual level probability of depression occurrence in adolescence, the Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Score (IDEA-RS).

Objectives:In this report, we present the rationale, methods, and baseline characteristics of the Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Stratified Cohort (IDEA-RiSCo), a study designed for in-depth examination of multiple neurobiological, psychological, and environmental measures associated with the risk of developing and with the presence of depression in adolescence, with a focus on immune/inflammatory and neuroimaging markers.

Methods:Using the IDEA-RS as a tool for risk stratification, we recruited a new sample of adolescents enriched for low (LR) and high (HR) depression risk, as well as a group of adolescents with a currently untreated major depressive episode (MDD). Methods for phenotypic, peripheral biological samples, and neuroimaging assessments are described, as well as baseline clinical characteristics of the IDEA-RiSCo sample.

Results:A total of 7,720 adolescents aged 14–16 years were screened in public state schools in Porto Alegre, Brazil. We were able to identify individuals at low and high risk for developing depression in adolescence: in each group, 50 participants (25 boys, 25 girls) were included and successfully completed the detailed phenotypic assessment with ascertainment of risk/MDD status, blood and saliva collections, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Across a variety of measures of psychopathology and exposure to negative events, there was a clear pattern in which either the MDD group or both the HR and the MDD groups exhibited worse indicators in comparison to the LR group.

Conclusion:The use of an empirically-derived composite score to stratify risk for developing depression represents a promising strategy to establish a risk-enriched cohort that will contribute to the understanding of the neurobiological correlates of risk and onset of depression in adolescence.
Long-Term Monitoring of Amphibian Populations of a National Park in Northern Spain Reveals Negative Persisting Effects of Ranavirus, but Not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: Bosch Jaime , Mora-Cabello de Alba Amparo , Marquínez Susana , Price Stephen J. , Thumsová Barbora , Bielby Jon
Published: June 2021

Amphibians are the most highly threatened vertebrates, and emerging pathogens are a serious threat to their conservation. Amphibian chytrid fungi and the viruses of the Ranavirus genus are causing disease outbreaks worldwide, including in protected areas such as National Parks. However, we lack information about their effect over amphibian populations in the long-term, and sometimes these mortality episodes are considered as transient events without serious consequences over longer time-spans. Here, we relate the occurrence of both pathogens with the population trends of 24 amphibian populations at 15 sites across a national Park in northern Spain over a 14-year period. Just one out 24 populations presents a positive population trend being free of both pathogens, while seven populations exposed to one or two pathogens experienced strong declines during the study period. The rest of the study populations (16) remain stable, and these tend to be of species that are not susceptible to the pathogen present or are free of pathogens. Our study is consistent with infectious diseases playing an important role in dictating amphibian population trends and emphasizes the need to adopt measures to control these pathogens in nature. We highlight that sites housing species carrying Ranavirus seems to have experienced more severe population-level effects compared to those with the amphibian chytrid fungus, and that ranaviruses could be just as, or more important, other more high-profile amphibian emerging pathogens.