bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Brand Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Aqua Produksi PT. Golden Mississipi
Authors: Muratin
Published: July 2021

The purposes of this research are (1) to find out whether there is a brand influence on purchasing decisions at PT Golden Mississippi Jakarta (2) to find out whether there is an effect of product quality on purchasing decisions at PT Golden Mississippi Jakarta, (3) to find out whether there is a brand influence, and Product Quality on Purchase Decisions at PT Golden Mississippi Jakarta. The population in this study was 1150 people. The sample in this study was 100 people. The analytical tool in this study is the SPSS version 17 program tool. Based on the results of the study simultaneously the independent variables (Brand and Product Quality) have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Ha which reads that there is a significant influence between Brand (X1) and product quality (X2) on purchasing decisions (Y) is accepted. While Ho which reads that there is no significant effect between Brand (X1) and product quality (X2) on purchasing decisions (Y) is rejected. Thus, it can be concluded that the third hypothesis Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is a significant influence of Brand (X1) and product quality (X2) on purchasing decisions (Y) at PT Golden Mississippi Jakarta.

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat Pengaruh Brand, Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada PT Golden Missisippi Jakarta (2) Untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada PT Golden Missisippi Jakarta, (3) Untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat Pengaruh Brand, dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada PT Golden Missisippi Jakarta. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 1150 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini 100 orang. Alat analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan alat bantu program SPSS versi 17. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara serempak variabel independen (Brand dan Kualitas Produk) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Ha yang berbunyi ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara Brand (X1) dan kualitas produk (X2) terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) diterima. Sedangkan Ho yang berbunyi tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara Brand (X1) dan kualitas produk (X2) terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) ditolak. Dengan demikian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis ketiga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari Brand (X1) dan kualitas produk (X2) terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) pada PT Golden Missisippi Jakarta.
Histo-Morphology Study of the Respiratory Portion of Goat Lung (Capra Hircus) in Baghdad Province
Authors: Yousif Noor
Published: July 2021

The Histo-mrphology were directed on the pneumonic alveoli of 6 male goats. The respiratory portion is composed of typical cuboidal epithelial cells with Clara cell, however, alveolar ducts are lined by simple squamous epithelium and alveoli were generally circular structures that opened into the alveolar conduits and alveolar sacs or respiratory bronchioles. Alveoli were made out of two kinds of cells for example Type-I pneumocytes and Type-II pneumocytes. Previous framed the mainlining epithelial cells of alveoli which were squamous in sort having noticeable perinuclear territory and central found the core, while the last were cuboidal fit as a fiddle with the midway found core and periodically found among the Sort I cells in the alveolar epithelium. The lung pulmonary parenchyma was enveloped by the mesothelium (squamous epithelium) layer of visceral pleura.
Spatial Variation in Strong Line Ratios and Physical Conditions in Two Strongly Lensed Galaxies at z ∼ 1.4
Authors: Florian Michael K. , Rigby Jane R. , Acharyya Ayan , Sharon Keren , Gladders Michael D. , Kewley Lisa , Khullar Gourav , Gozman Katya , Brammer Gabriel , Momcheva Ivelina , Nicholls David , LaMassa Stephanie , Dahle Håkon , Bayliss Matthew B. , Wuyts Eva , Johnson Traci , Whitaker Katherine
Published: July 2021

Upcoming space-based integral field spectrographs will enable spatially resolved spectroscopy of distant galaxies, including at the scale of individual star-forming regions (i.e., down to just tens of parsecs) in galaxies that have been strongly gravitationally lensed. In the meantime, there is only a very small set of lensed galaxies where such spatial detail is possible at wavelengths containing important rest-optical emission lines, even with the Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 infrared channel grisms. Here, we examine two of these sources, SDSS J1723+3411 and SDSS J2340+2947, using HST WFC3/IR grism data and supporting spatially unresolved spectroscopy from several ground-based instruments to explore the size of spatial variations in observed strong emission-line ratios like O32 and R23, which are sensitive to ionization parameter and metallicity, and the Balmer decrement, which is an indicator of reddening. We find significant spatial variation in the reddening and in the reddening-corrected O32 and R23 values that correspond to spreads of a few tenths of a dex in ionization parameter and metallicity. We also find clear evidence of a negative radial gradient in star formation in SDSS J2340+2947 and tentative evidence of one in SDSS J1723+3411, though its star formation is quite asymmetric. Finally, we find that reddening can vary enough spatially to make spatially resolved reddening corrections necessary in order to characterize gradients in line ratios and the physical conditions inferred from them, necessitating the use of space-based integral field units for future work on larger, more statistically robust samples.
GECKO Optical Follow-up Observation of Three Binary Black Hole Merger Events: GW190408_181802, GW190412, and GW190503_185404
Authors: Kim Joonho , Im Myungshin , Paek Gregory S. H. , Lee Chung-Uk , Kim Seung-Lee , Chang Seo-Won , Choi Changsu , Hwang Sungyong , Kang Wonseok , Kim Sophia , Kim Taewoo , Lee Hyung Mok , Lim Gu , Seo Jinguk , Sung Hyun-Il
Published: July 2021

We present optical follow-up observation results of three binary black hole merger (BBH) events, GW190408_181802, GW190412, and GW190503_185404, which were detected by the Advanced LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave (GW) detectors. Electromagnetic (EM) counterparts are generally not expected for BBH merger events. However, some theoretical models suggest that EM counterparts of BBH can possibly arise in special environments, prompting motivation to search for EM counterparts for such events. We observed high-credibility regions of the sky for the three BBH merger events with telescopes of the Gravitational-wave EM Counterpart Korean Observatory (GECKO), including the KMTNet. Our observation started as soon as 100 minutes after the GW event alerts and covered 29–63 deg2 for each event with a depth of ∼22.5 mag in the R band within hours of observation. No plausible EM counterparts were found for these events, but based on there being no detection of the GW190503_185404 event, for which we covered the 69% credibility region, we place the BBH merger EM counterpart signal to be M

g
> − 18.0 AB mag within about one day of the GW event. The comparison of our detection limits with light curves of several kilonova models suggests that a kilonova event could have been identified within hours of the GW alert with GECKO observations if the compact merger happened at <400 Mpc and the localization accuracy was on the order of 50 deg2. Our result shows great promise for the GECKO facilities to find EM counterparts within a few hours from GW detection in future GW observation runs.
Improving Care of Skilled Nursing Patients: Implementation of Early Sepsis Recognition
Authors: Porter Tamara K. , Turner Kathleen M. , McMillian-Bohler Jacquelyn , De Gagne Jennie C.
Published: July 2021

An aging population with underlying health conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes, is at high risk for infections, including pneumonia, influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In particular, the number of individuals in skilled nursing and long-term care facilities is increasing and older adults are at greatest risk. Research reveals these infections can lead to sepsis, septic shock, and death unless detected early through a sepsis screening process. The current quality improvement project demonstrates the capabilities of an early sepsis recognition screening tool in a skilled nursing facility and explores process changes required to operate facilities with high quality care. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47
(8), 37–44.]
Educating Certified Nursing Assistants to Communicate Skin Changes to Reduce Pressure Injuries
Authors: Rummel Ellen , Evans Erica M. , O'Neal Pamela V.
Published: July 2021

Pressure injuries (PIs) are common and costly complications in long-term care (LTC) residents. Educating and coaching certified nursing assistants (CNAs) to communicate early skin changes is a PI surveillance strategy that may influence PI outcomes. A communication guide related to Skin, Clean, Activity, and Nutrition was developed for CNAs to promote prompt upstream communication to licensed nurses. A pre-/post-intervention design measured PI knowledge and skills in 24 CNAs, and PI incidence was tracked over a 6-week time period. CNAs demonstrated improvement in their PI surveillance role, comfort in identifying and reporting skin changes, keeping skin clean and dry, and resident nutritional status. Baseline PI incidence of 9.6% decreased to 0% by Week 3, and no new PIs occurred over 6 weeks. CNAs developed role awareness and knowledge in primary PI surveillance and were instrumental in a team approach to decrease PIs in a LTC setting. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47
(8), 21–28.]
Lidocaine Gel Interferes With the Antibacterial Activity of Povidone-Iodine
Authors: Odden Jamie L. , Kowalski Regis P. , Friberg Thomas R.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Retina specialists use lidocaine gel as a topical anesthetic. We determined the antibacterial interaction between povidone–iodine (PI) and lidocaine gel using corneoscleral tissue as a solid phase medium.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Five pieces of corneoscleral tissue in five trials were inoculated with 1.000 colony-forming units of bacteria isolated from endophthalmitis. Inoculated corneal tissue were overlaid with nothing (control), lidocaine gel, 5% PI, lidocaine gel over 5% PI, and 5% PI over lidocaine gel for 5 minutes prior to placement in growth liquid medium at 37°C. Growth was monitored for 48 hours.

RESULTS:

Application of lidocaine gel prior to 5% PI application provided for the growth of the five bacterial isolates, whereas 5% PI prior to lidocaine gel prevented growth.

CONCLUSION:

Using corneoscleral tissue, PI and lidocaine gel appear to have an antagonistic interaction when lidocaine gel is applied initially prior to 5% PI, preventing bactericidal activity of PI.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:S13–S16.]
OCTA and Functional Signs of Preclinical Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Stulova Anna N. , Semenova Nataliya S. , Zheleznyakova Anna V. , Akopyan Vladimir S. , Lipatov Dmitry V.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

There is an emerging role for optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in detecting microvasculature changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aimed to investigate visual functions and OCTA parameters of retinal and choriocapillaris (CC) flow in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without apparent DR.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Patients and age-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. All participants underwent low-luminance visual acuity assessment, OCT, and OCTA. Assessed OCTA parameters included foveal avascular zone area, acircularity index, vessel density (VD), skeletonized density, and CC flow deficits.

RESULTS:

Low-luminance deficit (LLD) was significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus and correlated with skeletonized density and VD in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP). In the T1DM group, vessel density and skeletonized density were reduced in the SVP and deep capillary plexus. Flow deficits density and the mean size of the flow deficits were increased in patients with T1DM.

CONCLUSION:

Functional and microvasculature changes were observed at the preclinical stage of DR. Correlation of LLD and OCTA parameters can be a sign of early neurovascular impairment.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:S30–S34.]
Swept-Source OCT En Face Imaging of Paravascular Inner Retinal Defects
Authors: Jiang Xiaoshuang , Shen Mengxi , Gregori Giovanni , Rosenfeld Philip J.
Published: July 2021

Widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) was performed on eyes with paravascular inner retinal defects (PIRDs) and the morphological alterations of PIRDs were described. Patients with PIRDs were imaged using 12 mm × 12 mm SS-OCTA scans. En face structural and angiographic images of the superficial retinal layers were reviewed along with retinal thickness maps. SS-OCTA en face structural images identified dark, scalloped regions along major retinal veins that corresponded to PIRDs on B-scans. The authors concluded that imaging with both structural and angiographic en face OCT was useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with PIRDs.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:407–411.]
A decent three term conjugate gradient method with global convergence properties for large scale unconstrained optimization problems
Authors: Masmali Ibtisam A. ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Salleh Zabidin , Alhawarat Ahmad ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Published: July 2021

The conjugate gradient (CG) method is a method to solve unconstrained optimization problems. Moreover CG method can be applied in medical science, industry, neural network, and many others. In this paper a new three term CG method is proposed. The new CG formula is constructed based on DL and WYL CG formulas to be non-negative and inherits the properties of HS formula. The new modification satisfies the convergence properties and the sufficient descent property. The numerical results show that the new modification is more efficient than DL, WYL, and CG-Descent formulas. We use more than 200 functions from CUTEst library to compare the results between these methods in term of number of iterations, function evaluations, gradient evaluations, and CPU time.
Special issue: Informatics & data-driven medicine
Authors: Izonin Ivan ,   Department of Artificial Intelligence, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kniazia Romana str., 5, Lviv 79905, Ukraine, Shakhovska Nataliya
Published: July 2021

The current state of the development of Medicine today is changing dramatically. Previously, data of the patient's health were collected only during a visit to the clinic. These were small chunks of information obtained from observations or experimental studies by clinicians, and were recorded on paper or in small electronic files. The advances in computer power development, hardware and software tools and consequently design an emergence of miniature smart devices for various purposes (flexible electronic devices, medical tattoos, stick-on sensors, biochips etc.) can monitor various vital signs of patients in real time and collect such data comprehensively. There is a steady growth of such technologies in various fields of medicine for disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Due to this, clinicians began to face similar problems as data scientists. They need to perform many different tasks, which are based on a huge amount of data, in some cases with incompleteness and uncertainty and in most others with complex, non-obvious connections between them and different for each individual patient (observation) as well as a lack of time to solve them effectively. These factors significantly decrease the quality of decision making, which usually affects the effectiveness of diagnosis or therapy. That is why the new concept in Medicine, widely known as Data-Driven Medicine, arises nowadays. This approach, which based on IoT and Artificial Intelligence, provide possibilities for efficiently process of the huge amounts of data of various types, stimulates new discoveries and provides the necessary integration and management of such information for enabling precision medical care. Such approach could create a new wave in health care. It will provide effective management of a huge amount of comprehensive information about the patient's condition; will increase the speed of clinician's expertise, and will maintain high accuracy analysis based on digital tools and machine learning. The combined use of different digital devices and artificial intelligence tools will provide an opportunity to deeply understand the disease, boost the accuracy and speed of its detection at early stages and improve the modes of diagnosis. Such invaluable information stimulates new ways to choose patient-oriented preventions and interventions for each individual case.
Physical activity and sitting time prior to and during COVID-19 lockdown in Austrian high-school students
Authors: Greier Klaus ,   Division of Physical Education, Private Educational College (KPH-ES), Stams, Austria, Drenowatz Clemens , Bischofer Theresa , Petrasch Gloria , Greier Carla , Cocca Armando , Ruedl Gerhard ,   Department of Sports Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,   Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has led in many countries to the implementation of policies that mandate social distancing and movement restrictions. While these measures are warranted in order to minimize the spread of the virus they may have detrimental effects on various behaviors, including physical activity (PA). The present study examined PA and sitting time in 14 to18-year-old Austrian high school students prior to and during the second COVID-19 lockdown in Austria. Data was collected via an online questionnaire during fall/winter 2020/21. Questions were based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, which examined frequency and duration of PA and sitting time. A total of 221 high school students provided valid data. Participants reported significantly lower moderate and vigorous PA during the lockdown while sitting time increased (p < 0.01). The frequency of walking (days/week) also decreased during COVID-19 lockdown, which also contributed to a significant decline in total walking time (p < 0.01). Further, the decline in PA was more pronounced in boys, while girls reported a greater decline in walking. These differences were due to higher PA and walking in boys and girls, respectively, prior to the lockdown. During the lockdown sex differences in PA and sitting time were limited. Taken together, these results highlight the impact of COVID-19 policies on PA in adolescents and emphasize the importance to promote an active lifestyle even in times of home confinement.
Risk Communication for Viral Hepatitis Management Among Migrants
Authors: Adesina Evaristus , Oyero Olusola , Okorie Nelson , Ben-Enukora Charity , Adeyeye Babatunde
Published: July 2021

The burden of viral hepatitis is high with huge mortality and morbidity on human population. The increasing migration of people from areas highly prevalent of viral hepatitis poses a unique threat to the healthcare systems of the host nations. The deficient universal standards for screening, vaccination, and treatment of viral hepatitis have therefore made the burden of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma to increase among migrant populations globally. This study examines the role of risk communication in managing viral hepatitis among migrants at the different levels of pre-departure phase, travel phase, destination phase, interception phase and the return phase. The study concluded on the need for concerted effort by national governments to develop a national communication policy with comprehensive risk communication strategies on viral hepatitis management among migrants.
Indigenous Language Media and Communication for Health Purposes in the Digital Age
Authors: Owolabi Toyosi Olugbenga Samson , Nurudeen Nahimah Ajikanle
Published: July 2021

All over the world, the issues of health and ill health have generated heightened attention among health professionals and communication experts. This is expected in view of the prevalence of increasingly life-threatening ailments. It is therefore not surprising that matters bordering on health have been elevated to the front burner of policy and decision making both at the national and multinational levels. This chapter, therefore, observes that the reason most health information doesn't get to the intended audiences and produce the desired effect is because they are not communicated in the most intelligible language to the people. Indigenous language media are potential channels through which health information could reach the grassroots where more than 70 percent of the nation's populations are resident. It also perceived that health communication could be made to produce more effect in this digital era as more citizen journalists could be raised to communicate in the indigenous language.
Sexism in Medical Communication
Authors: Grant Yasmin
Published: July 2021

Communication is one of the most essential skills of the medical profession, however, it is a tool through which sexism and gender discrimination are promoted and reproduced. There is often the perception in medicine and surgery that gender inequity centres on lifestyle, family responsibilities, and childcare issues. However, this chapter highlights that deeply engrained biases in medical communication still exist, and are perpetrated by institutions and individuals, women included. Awareness of gendered language must be raised and highlighted in order to make a change. It is achievable to speak in gender-neutral ways that are inclusive and precise as to not conjure biased attitudes towards women in medicine. Social change must be pursued at the level of the institution, the cultural structure, and at the interactional level of gender.
Medical Tourism Patient Mortality
Authors: Mason Alicia , Bhati Sakshi , Jiang Ran , Spencer Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2021

Medical tourism is a process in which a consumer travels from one's place of residence and receives medical treatment, thus becoming a patient. Patients Beyond Borders (PBB) forecasts some 1.9 million Americans will travel outside the United States for medical care in 2019. This chapter explores media representations of patient mortality associated with medical tourism within the global news media occurring between 2009-2019. A qualitative content analysis of 50 patient mortality cases found that (1) a majority of media representations of medical tourism patient death are of middle-class, minority females between 25-55 years of age who seek cosmetic surgery internationally; (2) sudden death, grief, and bereavement counseling is noticeably absent from medical tourism providers (MTPs); and (3) risk information from authority figures within the media reports is often vague and abstract. A detailed list of health communication recommendations and considerations for future medical tourists and their social support systems are provided.
Health-Related Communication and Rare Diseases
Authors: Liuccio Michaela
Published: July 2021

Rare diseases are often characterized as diseases with low prevalence in population that stem from genetic disorders or environment conditions. As a result of its low prevalence and lack of knowledge of its causes, symptoms, and/or treatment, patients' access to healthcare, and their quality of life may be affected. A key challenge is also the physician-patient interaction that differs from traditional medical care settings by demanding physicians' experience in dealing, for example, with psychological problems associated with the diagnosis process. Information and Communication Technologies can facilitate the interaction between the sources of information and patients, overcoming geographical distances. This chapter discusses the role of Information and Communication to extract health data in rare diseases and reinforce physician-patient interactions. It argues that Information and Communication are crucial to meet patients' needs, drivers, and decision-making that tend to occur during the patient's journey (pre-diagnosis, diagnosis, and post-diagnosis).
Exploring Early Adopter Baby Boomers' Approach to Managing Their Health and Healthcare
Authors: Seale Deborah E , LeRouge Cynthia M , Ohs Jennifer E , Tao Donghua , Lach Helen W. , Jupka Keri , Wray Ricardo
Published: July 2021

The Patient 3.0 Profile is used to explore to the patient engagement strategies of early adopter baby boomers' in three domains: 1) patient relationships, 2) health information use and 3) consumer health technology (CHT) use. Findings from six focus groups with early adopter boomers challenge prior notions about older adults' passive approach to patient engagement. Baby boomers want to make final healthcare decisions with input from providers. While adept at finding and critically assessing online health information for self-education and self-management, boomers want providers to curate relevant and trustworthy information. Boomers embrace CHTs offered through providers (i.e., patient portals, email and text messaging) and sponsored by wellness programs (i.e., diet and activity devices and apps). However, there is no indication they add information to their online medical records or use CHT for diagnosis, treatment or disease management. Additional resources are needed to encourage widespread adoption, support patient effectiveness, and confirm cost-benefit.
How Is the Administrator's Experience in Managing Health Facebook Groups?
Authors: Pernencar Claudia , Saboia Inga
Published: July 2021

This decade, patients with chronic conditions take advantage of technological resources to share experiences, look for help, and get together in groups. Social media has become a productive spot of health information for users. This chapter clarifies the administrators' user experience of social media health groups within the context of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Semi-structured interviews with 7 Portuguese and Brazilian managers of Facebook groups were carried out. The authors propose a model of participation in online communities that take into account the variables of Presence–Interconnection between users in daily lives; Relationship–Aspects of experience where users meet; Reputation–Positioning of users related to the status; Groups–Relationship issues between members; Conversations – Extension of the user interaction; Sharing–Represents the exchange, distribution, and reception and Education–The information transmitted. Findings reinforced that administrators' groups use social media to lead patients´ empowerment.
Social Media Alternative for Health Communication in Nigeria
Authors: Adikpo Janet Aver , Achakpa-Ikyo Patience Ngunan
Published: July 2021

In the changing media and health landscapes, health communication requires more ways to improve and sustain new practices for health advocacy. The same way global population is soaring, people are becoming more urbane, and these vicissitudes are accompanied by the need to access new forms of media to meet information needs. This chapter assesses social media relevance as an alternative tool for health communication and clearly established that social media holds an integral locus in the day-to-day activities of the people, the same way it has for health communication. The growing concern is for stakeholders who are government and non-government agencies actors like traditional rulers, faith-based organisations, and international bodies to adopt the use of social media as an alternative for health communication in Nigeria.
Holistic Coaching in Higher Education
Authors: Ward Catherine , Reneau Clint-Michael
Published: July 2021

This chapter will explore the coaching relationship and holistic coaching strategies for individual and organizational success that emphasize 1) coach and partner whole self-awareness, 2) vulnerability, 3) the importance of care and empathy in effective coaching, 4) building trust and quieting ego, and 5) coaching and collaboration. Although the authors use the profession of student affairs as the main premise, higher education leaders who are interested in developing successful performance improvement strategies from a holistic coaching perspective will benefit from this chapter.
Extended Reality (XR) Teaching in the Era of Deepfakes
Authors: Blankenship Rebecca J.
Published: July 2021

The use of existing and emerging technologies in teaching and learning provides the opportunity to present subject-area content using devices, programs, and venues in ways that promote higher-order thinking and long-term retention. In the last decade, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have resulted in the development of virtual reality programs that enable end-users to interact with content in third and fourth-dimensional interactive spaces (i.e., extended reality or XR). The transformation beyond traditional face-to-face or two-dimensional teaching and learning has resulted in an unforeseen digital side effect. The digital side effect presents in the form of deepfakes or the deliberate alteration of audio and visual content to advance a specific point of view. The premise of this chapter is to present a primer using the technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) and levels of use construct to mitigate the presence of deepfake and malinformation in subject-area content when working in XR environments.
The Never Ending Intellectual Theft of Truth
Authors: Ross David Brian , Peyton Gina Lynne
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to examine how the fake news has originated. This term has been in existence for decades, since the evolution of the printing press, which also disseminated false information. The mainstream media and non-mainstream media or just individuals in general have their own biases and agendas, so misinformation, disinformation, exaggerations, and deceptions will exist. This chapter will provide individuals from any political perspective or other beliefs evidence to make their own judgements. Digital citizenship and literacy will be explored using various examples of obtaining information and use of devices. In addition, this chapter will consider how researchers should take risks to explore controversial topics such as fake news to inform an audience using research.
Integrating Video Games and Scholastic Esports Into Preservice Teacher Experiences
Authors: Harvey Miles , Lopez Jose , Wickham Marisa , Deuel Adrianna G. , Savage Cameron
Published: July 2021

This four-year study explored a multiple case study about how four preservice teachers spent an entire school year with students, developed their teacher identity, designed lessons, played games, and coached scholastic esports. What started out as a culturally responsive gesture to include video games and competitive esports into the classroom turned out to be what both the middle school students and the teacher candidates needed to push their learning experiences forward in meaningful ways. Teacher candidates gained valuable experiences from the integration of video games and scholastic esports through a wide variety of teaching strategies. Teaching candidates answered five questions about their experiences using video games and esports in the classroom. Five major themes were identified through the reflexive thematic analysis: developing relationships, understanding games and scholastic esports, teaching in new ways, perspectives and attitudes about games and scholastic esports, and the integration of games and scholastic esports.
Perspectives on Middle School Esports
Authors: Burns Melissa
Published: July 2021

Competitive video games, or esports, have been making their way into high schools across Canada, though most middle school students have been left out of the game. This chapter will examine the identity and role of the various shared stakeholders at the middle years level, highlight the benefits of scholastic esports for middle school learners, and examine obstacles that may hinder the implementation of such programming, leaning on the experience of one such program in central Canada. The author will examine data collected over a span of four years on the impact of both coed and girls-only gaming environments in middle schools and how to support young female learners through gaming. Finally, this chapter will highlight the current landscape of K-12 scholastic esports with recommendations on how and why scholastic esports should have a place in Canadian schools.
Esports and Education
Authors: Fraser-Murison James
Published: July 2021

This chapter is about the importance of establishing a brand new esports BTEC and its relevance in education moving forward. The author will share the successes and failures of a new esports BTEC course, whilst also considering how it lends itself to other subjects at both school and sixth-form level and also routes into university and new careers. Having helped write parts of the first-ever BTEC for esports, the author will share the progress made with its inception and subsequent journey from its launch during a pandemic and touching upon its future as a career for students in an ever-changing world.
Virtues, Character Strengths, and Graduate Student Organizations
Authors: Zimmerman Aaron Samuel , Smit Julie , Shin Sungwon , Sneed Stacey , Eubank Chrissy L.
Published: July 2021

Research in the area of student life has shown that student engagement in student organizations improves a number of undergraduate and graduate student outcomes. Because of the critical importance that student organizations play in student development, continued research is needed to understand the elements that make such organizations successful. This chapter will utilize the reflections of three faculty advisors and two student presidents to explore how virtues and character strengths played a critical role in the continued success of a student organization within the context of a college of education.
Bridging Theory to Practice
Authors: Wicker Ashley Johnston , Crain-Dorough Mindy , Elder Adam C.
Published: July 2021

In this chapter, the authors present concepts of bridging theory to practice for doctoral students in an effort to build their research self-efficacy. Research self-efficacy is essential to doctoral students' success in completing dissertation research, and connecting theory to practice not only benefits doctoral students in the ability to conceptualize research, but it supports the development and enhancement of doctoral student dispositions. Providing these connections as early as possible, and as often as possible, can lead to scholar socialization and higher levels of research self-efficacy. The instructional strategies, including theory application, perspective shifting, and guided reflection, provide the necessary skills to help doctoral students be successful scholars, especially in preparing for the doctoral dissertation, as well as opportunities for faculty collaboration and student engagement.
Strategies for Lessening the Cognitive Load of Graduate Students Engaged in Major Writing Projects
Authors: Matteson Shirley Marie
Published: July 2021

Academic writing projects require significant cognitive tasks that faculty and graduate students alike may struggle to complete. This chapter briefly explains how the brain processes information and the main premises of cognitive load theory. The author then examines the literature applying cognitive load theory to writing as a way to prepare readers for these demands. The chapter concludes with suggestions and strategies that writers can implement to reduce or manage cognitive load when engaged in writing tasks.
Contextual Factors Shaping the Student-Supervisor Relationship
Authors: Saxena Deepak
Published: July 2021

Postgraduate and doctoral research may be conceived as a social process requiring continuous interaction and negotiation between the student and the supervisor with the aim of developing scholarly disposition in the student. However, the dynamics of student-supervisor relationship go beyond the two actors and are also shaped by certain contextual factors arising from the disciplinary, institutional, cultural, and temporal context. Disciplinary context influences the relationship in terms of task structure and via funding availability. Institutional context has an impact in terms of rules framed and practices followed. Cultural context influences in terms of expectations regarding initiative, feedback, and independent thinking. Finally, temporal context signifies the change in student-supervisor relationship depending upon the research stage and the maturity of student/supervisor. This chapter also offers some recommendations and potential research designs to engage with these contextual factors.
Reading (Dis)ability in Young Adult Literature
Authors: Wolney Rachael R. , Boyd Ashley S.
Published: July 2021

In this chapter, a team of university educators describes how they explored and applied the lens of disability studies to young adult literature with pre-service teachers. The authors first provide a detailed overview of disabilities studies as a theoretical tool and then describe how they worked with teacher candidates to develop their understanding of criteria for evaluating nuanced representations of disabilities and determining their authenticity. Activities, discussion questions, and practical considerations are provided. They end with implications for teaching, including the benefits of such work for shaping how future teachers construct their notions of youth as well as how they select curriculum for their classrooms.
Deploying Black Joy
Authors: Buchanan Lisa Brown , Ward Cara Faulkner , Senta Amy
Published: July 2021

This chapter describes a theory into practice approach for using children's literature to explore and affirm Black joy, Blackness, and Black identity in the elementary classroom. The work of Dr. Bettina Love on abolitionist teaching provides the theoretical grounding for this chapter. The authors describe a synthesis of representation in children's literature and framework for abolitionist teaching, a description of three lessons focused on teaching Black joy, and a call for expanding this work in teacher education.
Supporting Teacher Candidates as Social Justice Change-Makers
Authors: Homza Anne , Fontno Tiffeni J.
Published: July 2021

Critical consciousness, teacher agency, intellectual freedom, and equity-informed practices are vital aspects of a collaboration between a faculty member and an educational librarian, whose shared goal is to support teacher candidates' capacity to use diverse children's literature to teach for social justice. In this chapter, teacher educator Homza and head librarian Fontno share ways to help teacher candidates use diverse children's literature to develop their own critical consciousness, explore issues of equity, and teach for social justice in their future classrooms. Grounding their work in conceptual frameworks, the authors discuss their positionalities, how the literature collection is built, and course activities that use diverse children's literature. Teacher candidates' reflections suggest that these efforts have an impact on their critical consciousness and capacity to engage in the challenging work of transformative pedagogy. The authors share implications for other teacher educators and librarians and questions to explore in future work.
An Illustration of the Actual Steps in Development and Validation of a Multi-Item Scale for Quantitative Research
Authors: Fields Dail
Published: July 2021

This chapter describes in detail the process used to develop and validate a scale that measures servant leadership. The steps covered include construct identification from previous studies, review of previously proposed and developed measures, item selection, survey development, collection of data, scale identification, and evaluation of convergent, discriminant, predictive validity. The chapter provides a hands-on example of the steps required for scale measure development and assessment and includes description of the mechanics involved in completing each step of this process.
Statistical Techniques for Making Cross-Cultural Comparisons on Organizational Instruments
Authors: Beverly Tanesia R.
Published: July 2021

Researchers tend to evaluate psychological instruments in terms of reliability (internal consistency) and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis). In many instances, these instruments are used for cross-cultural comparisons such as gender and race—however, many of these studies do not provide evidence of measurement invariance or measurement equivalence. Measurement equivalence is a statistical property of an instrument that indicates that participants interpret and respond to the items similarly or that the same latent construct is being measured across observed groups of people. Partial measurement equivalence is a necessary condition for comparing latent mean differences across cultures. This area of construct validity is often neglected in the literature; therefore, this chapter aims to introduce the concept of measurement invariance. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of testing for measurement invariance when making cross-cultural comparisons on organizational leadership instruments.
The Transfer of Learning
Authors: Reynolds Rodney
Published: July 2021

The focus of this chapter is on insights for and evaluation of if the transfer of learning by training and development professionals will sustain the training field. The chapter begins with the need for a model of learning. Then there is a section on a proposed evaluation of the trainer presentation of a model of learning or training development. The chapter then progresses to a proposed measure of the potential for the transfer of learning and the need to assess self-efficacy with gradations of attainments on the training topic. Finally, the chapter turns to trainee engagement and to having a results orientation for a training program.
Instrument to Measure the Impact of Hope in Strategic Plan Implementation
Authors: Walters Sarah E.
Published: July 2021

This chapter addresses how Winston et al.'s “An Instrument to Measure the Impact of Hope in Strategic Plan Implementation” can be implemented within the workplace. Leaders should have a way to measure the impact of hope on strategic plans. Winston et al.'s instrument include three main theories: hope, expectancy, and value chain theories. This instrument is unlike any other tool to date in its conceptualization of employee hope in the organizational context. This chapter explains the validity, reliability, and practical application steps of Winston et al.'s instrument.
Measuring Clergy Effectiveness
Authors: Dobrotka Samuel P.
Published: July 2021

A review of the current literature showed that clergy effectiveness (CE) instruments were inadequate due to age, insufficient content validity, and/or based on secondary criteria. The premise of this study was that an instrument built upon qualitative data reflective of 21st-century ministry paradigms is needed. Such data did not exist until DeShon identified 64 personal and behavioral characteristics of clergy deemed to enhance effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to operationalize the characteristics identified by DeShon. Staff and lay leaders in churches of various sizes from five different denominations were selected using a snowball technique (N = 397). Scale optimization resulted in a final three-factor instrument consisting of 14 items: professional competence (five items), socially adept (five items), and inclination to lead (four items). Scale reliability was substantiated by Cronbach's alpha scores of .89 (professional competence), .94 (socially adept), and .73 (inclination to lead).
Opportunities and Challenges of Connections, Trust, Diversity, and Conflict for Motivation, Volition, and Engagement in Online Learning
Authors: Sharma Ramesh Chander
Published: July 2021

Motivation is an important parameter for successful completion of the course by the student. There are many factors that can mar such motivation like digital fatigue, poor instructional design, facilitator competency, course design, assessment practices, and student support. For online teaching learning, the authors spend a lot of time in front of computer monitors, keep typing on computer keyboard, listen to audio using headsets, etc. The students may be sitting in live meeting of their class and not understand what is expected of them. They may have a sense of being lost and demotivated. The students may not want to ask questions for fear of appearing foolish. This chapter looks into the factors related to motivation in online teaching and learning settings. It examines the factors related to motivation like deepening connections, dealing with diversity, managing conflict, teacher capabilities for online facilitation, providing feedback, providing educational resources to students, digital fatigue, assessment and evaluation practices for online learning, and conversing.
Emotional Design and Engagement With Multimedia Learning Materials in E-Learning
Authors: Özgür Adem , Altun Arif
Published: July 2021

Multimedia learning materials (MLM) play an important role in learning. Engagement is a state that contributes to care of and positive approach to MLM, to pay attention to and deep processing of it, to do activities in it while preventing learners from quitting MLM. The quality of MLMs and students' characteristics are important in the engagement process. Cognitive theories provide valuable principles when designing MLMs, whereas the emotional design of the MLMs and the affective responses they evoke in students remain in the background. The emotional design ensures students' engagement with MLMs, and their interpretation of the knowledge and their learning can be manipulated. In this chapter, student engagement has been elaborated within scope of MLMs. Secondly, the relationship between emotional processes and engagement was examined. It was focused on organizing students' emotional process using emotional design elements and their effects on learning outcomes. Finally, suggestions were made for maintaining interaction with MLM and engagement for learning.
How Is Motivation Located in the Instructional Design Process?
Authors: Şanal Seda Özer
Published: July 2021

Instructional design is used to design and carry out effective learning processes, based on the dynamics of human learning. So, what we know about learning is very important. The chapter aims to reveal the position of a concept closely related to learning in instructional design. The concept of motivation is too comprehensive and complex to be limited to the learning domain. With a broad perspective, it can be defined as the willingness of human to life and everything in life. Motivation is also closely related to many important elements such as energy, effort, desire, interest, goal, satisfaction, continuity. And these concepts are actually items related to learning and instructional design. However, effective and efficient learning will take place with motivated learners and other parameters realized. The fact that motivation is such a widespread component of life, especially having a critical role in the teaching process, made the authors question its place in the teaching design process.