bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical analysis of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in osteosarcoma
Authors: Jin Y. , Yang L. J.
Published: April 2006

The monoclonal antibody against bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP‐McAb) was first used for demonstration of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in osteosarcoma. The avidin‐biotin complex method (ABC) demonstrated that of the 18 osteosarcomas, 15 stained positive, while all 6 fibrosarcomas were negative. The results showed that BMP mainly exists in the tumor cell plasma and some tumor‐like bone tissues. Using this staining method, we can not only differentiate osteosarcoma from fibrosarcoma and other non‐bone‐derived tumors, but also classify osteosarcoma according to the content and distribution of BMP and the patient's clinical situation, thus providing a scientific basis for clinical treatment.
Distribution of Factor XIIIa‐containing cells and collagenous components in radicular cysts: histochemic and immunohistochemic studies
Authors: Toida Makoto , Tsai Chung‐Shao , Okumura Yasuaki , Tatematsu Norichika , Oka Nobumitsu
Published: April 2006

The distribution of subunit A of Factor XIII (FXIIIa) and of collagenous components was investigated by the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex (ABC) method for FXIIIa and by the Sirius red F3BA method, respectively, in 43 cases of radicular cysts. Besides the covering epithelial layer, the radicular cyst wall was composed of the following three layers: an inner granulomatous layer, an outer fibrous connective tissue layer, and an intermediate layer. In each layer, a positive reaction for FXIIIa was observed in certain connective tissue cells. These FXIIIa‐containing cells were few in number in the inner layer where collagenous components were also sparse. In the slightly to moderately fibrous intermediate layer, these cells markedly increased in number and were dendritic or stellate in shape. In the outer densely fibrous connective tissue layer, they decreased slightly in number and were slender and spindle‐shaped. The results obtained in the present study indicate the close relationship between the distribution of FXIIIA‐containing cells and of collagenous components. Such a relationship suggests that these cells play an important role in the process of fibrosis occurring in the radicular cyst wall.
Cementum‐like material in a case of Pindborg tumor
Authors: EI‐Labban N.G.
Published: April 2006

Pindborg tumor is characterized by the production of large amounts of amyloid and the presence of calcified lamellar bodies. These bodies were investigated at both the light and ultrastructural levels in a case of Pindborg tumor showing extensive calcification. It was found that the great majority represented calcified amyloid. However the outer layer or layers in some of these bodies consisted of typically banded calcified collagen which was referred to in this paper as (cementum‐like material). This term was preferred over (bone‐like material) because of the striking similarity between the arrangement of collagen in this layer and that of cemental Sharpy's fibers. It is therefore suggested that although the majority of the calcified lamellar bodies in this tumor represents calcified amyloid, cementum‐like material may also contribute a part.
Occurrence of oral mucosal lesions, the influence of tobacco habits and an estimate of treatment time in an adult Swedish population
Authors: Salonen Lars , Axéll Tony , Helldén Leif
Published: April 2006

A randomly selected sample of adult subjects living in a Swedish county was examined for the presence of oral mucosal lesions. Nine hundred twenty (920, 95%) of the selected sample of 967 subjects, comprising approximately 0.75% of the total adult population, were examined; lesions were registered in 596 of the 920. The registered prevalence levels were very similar to earlier reported data from Sweden. Further, the relationship between tobacco habits and mucosal lesions was analyzed and the time needed for treatment of the lesions was estimated. A positive correlation could be demonstrated between tobacco use and leukoplakia, frictional white lesion, coated tongue, hairy tongue and excessive melanin pigmentation, while a negative correlation was observed for geographic tongue and aphthous ulcers. Approximately 70% of the lesions were associated with local irritants (e.g. dentures, tobacco, cheek and lip biting etc.). The estimated mean time required for registration and management of oral mucosal lesions in the studied group of adults was 24 min per individual.
Collagen in submucous fibrosis: an electron‐microscopic study
Authors: van Wyk C. W. , Seedat H. A. , Phillips V. M.
Published: April 2006

A comparison of the electron‐microscopic features of 11 examples of submucous fibrosis in its moderately advanced and advanced stages with 15 control specimens revealed no obvious abnormality of the collagen fibrils. The notable feature of the collagen in this disease is the densely packed bundles in the lamina propria, reaching close to the epithelial‐connective tissue junction, to blood vessel walls, salivary glands and muscle fibers. The width and the periodicity of fibrils vary in both groups of specimens, noticeably so, next to the junction and close to blood vessels, salivary glands and muscles. This is due to the presence of the thinner Type III collagen fibrils in these sites and the natural variation of Type I fibrils. Immunofluorescent microscopy and special staining with sirius red and polarization microscopy demonstrate both types, confirming that Type I collagen forms the bulk of the collagen and that Type III is localized in the sites mentioned above. It is concluded that although there is an excessive increase of collagen, especially Type I, in submucous fibrosis, the fibrils are still morphologically normal.
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor metabolism in gingival fibroblasts by phenytoin in vitro
Authors: Modéer Thomas , Andersson Göran
Published: April 2006

Normal human gingival fibroblasts derived from five children between 8 and 12 yr of age were cultured under serum‐free conditions in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) either alone or in combination with 5,5‐diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin; PHT). DNA‐synthesis, binding of EGF to its cell‐surface receptor and internalisation of EGF‐receptor‐ligand complexes were studied. In normal gingival fibroblasts treated solely with EGF for 48 h, DNA synthesis increased significantly, as in cells treated solely with PHT. When EGF binding data was calculated according to Scatchard, it was found that the number of EGF receptors in fibroblasts increased significantly after PHT treatment. The number of EGF‐receptors in untreated gingival fibroblasts varied from 147,000 to 170,000 receptors per cell whereas in PHT‐treated fibroblasts the range was from 181,000 to 280,000. The study indicates that PHT regulates EGF‐receptor metabolism in human gingival fibroblasts by increasing the number of cell‐surface EGF‐receptors which may contribute to the alteration of gingival connective tissue observed in patients undergoing PHT medication.
Solitary lesion of the mandible resembling a “Stafne cyst” in human archaeologic material from Mokapu, Hawaii
Authors: Keene Harris J.
Published: April 2006

The mandible of a pre‐European contact Hawaian adult displayed a unilateral depression on the inner surface on the third molar region near the angle. The roentgenographic appearance suggested a cystlike lesion lying below the lower border of the mandibular canal and 0.5 cm from the inferior border of the mandible which resembles a “Stafne cyst”.
Melanocytic nevi of the oral mucosa: a clinicopathologic study of 130 cases from northern California
Authors: Buchner Amos , Leider Alan S. , Merrell Phillip W. , Carpenter William M.
Published: April 2006

This paper presents analysis of data on 130 cases of oral melanocytic nevi from the files of the University of the Pacific, San Francisco and the University of California, San Francisco. This is the largest detailed series from one geographic location published to date. Nevi of the intramucosal type are the most common (63%) followed by the common blue nevus (19%). Compound nevi are uncommon (9%) and junctional nevi are rare (5%). Combined nevi are the rarest type (4%). The data are analyzed as to the location, presence of clinical pigmentation, configuration, and size of the nevi, as well as the patient's age, gender and race. Because the malignant potential of oral nevi is still uncertain and because preexisting macular pigmentation is present in about one third of all patients with oral melanoma, it is advisable to remove all pigmented lesions suspected to be melanocytic nevi.
Histopathologic study of squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva in edentulous and dentulous jaws of hamsters treated with N‐methylnitrosourea
Authors: Kohgo Takao , Uy Henry G. , Lizuka Tadashi , Shindoh Masamobu , Amemiya Akira
Published: April 2006

Unilateral maxillary or mandibular molars were extracted from twenty‐four, 25‐day‐old male Syrian golden hamsters; 25 days after extraction, 20 received MNU intragastrically twice a week for 3 months. All animals were killed 1 month later. High degrees and incidence of invasion of gingival SCC were observed in dentulous jaws without functional occlusion, followed by dentulous jaws with functional occlusion and edentulous jaws. Invasion of carcinomas with extensive bone destruction was observed commonly in the gingiva of dentulous maxillary jaws without functional occlusion, but was scarcely observed in the gingiva of edentulous jaws. By analogy, disuse atrophy of the periodontium due to loss of functional occlusion may result in early deeper invasion, while loss of periodontal ligament due to tooth extraction and disappearance of so‐called inner gingival epithelium may result in less invasive carcinomas.
Immunolocalization of basement membrane molecules in the stroma of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Saku T. , Cheng J. , Okabe H. , Koyama Z.
Published: April 2006

In order to determine the participation of basement membrane molecules in formation of its characteristic stroma, 30 cases of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma were examined by immunohistochemical staining for type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and entactin. The stroma was histopathologically classified into four types: hyaline, fibrous, myxoid, and chondroid. Immunohistochemically, type IV collagen and laminin were more intensively localized in hyaline, fibrous and chondroid types of stroma, whereas heparan sulfate proteoglycan was more prominent in myxoid areas. The results suggest that the stroma contains these basement membrane components, which are possibly bio‐synthesized by epithelial tumor cells, and that histological variety of the stroma depends on proportion of local contents of each basement membrane molecule.
Oral manifestations of AIDS in a heterosexual population in a Zaire hospital
Authors: Tukutuku K. , Muyembe‐Tamfum L. , Kayembe K. , Odio W. , Kandi K. , Ntumba M.
Published: April 2006

Oral lesions associated with HIV infection as classified by the WHO Collaborative Centre for Oral manifestation of HIV were studied in 83 heterosexual AIDS patients in Kinshasa, Zaire. One or more lesions were fungal (94%), bacterial (33%) and viral (23%). Neoplasm was found in 12% of cases while lesions of unknown etiology in 14%. As location of those lesions, the palate, lips, tongue and the buccal mucosae mostly predominate as sites. The findings from this study were clinically similar to those reported in AIDS in other areas.
Identification of lymphocyte antigens in human dental pulps
Authors: Grégoire G. , Terrié B.
Published: April 2006

The aim of the experiment was to study the immune reaction of cells in both healthy and inflamed human dental pulps. For this it was necessary to identify, in particular, populations of lymphocytes in the pulp, and also other cells involved in the immune reaction. By using monoclonal antibodies which specifically recognize subpopulations of the T lymphocytes, we were able: 1) to directly determine the phenotype of the cells of the pulp, 2) to examine the interactions of the different cell populations. The study was based on 30 permanent human dental pulps and the method was that of indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections. The monoclonal antibodies used were the antibodies OKT and anti‐Leu of types anti‐Leul, anti Leu3a, OKT4, OKT8 and OKla. The results obtained were evaluated statistically. Two important points stand out from this study: 1) in the healthy samples there is preferential localization of lymphocytes at the periphery of the pulp and 2) there is a predominance of the OKT8+ cytotoxic suppressor subpopulation in both the healthy and the inflamed pulps.
Nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands
Authors: Landini Gabriel
Published: April 2006

The number of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) can be used to reveal the degree of cell activity or metabolism in histopathology specimens. Forty‐one cases of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands were studied with a silver nitrate colloid staining method to demonstrate the NORs in the cells of the solid and duct pattern areas and in chondroid areas. Acinic and intercalated ducts cells of the surrounding normal salivary glands were also examined. The data was analyzed statistically and it was found that the cells in the solid/ductal areas had a higher cellular activity than the chondroid cells. This difference is probably directly related with the possibility of malignant transformation and the incidence of the different types of malignant pleomorphic adenomas. Furthermore, it is concluded that the number of NORs in pleomorphic adenomas to define malignancy should be done discriminating between the different histologic patterns because of their different metabolic activities.
Benign lymphoepithelial lesion with large cysts: case report
Authors: Hong Sung‐Soo , Ogawa Yuzo , Yagi Toshio , Wakasa Ken‐ichi , Sakurai Masami , Sato Mitsuhito , Harada Tamotsu
Published: April 2006

A case of benign lymphoepithelial lesion with two large cysts and many foci of duct dilatation is reported. Clinical features, except for absence of dry eyes, indicated the case was Sjogren's syndrome. The cysts were found in the left parotid gland of a 60‐yr‐old woman and were surgically removed. The size of each cyst was 20 mm in diameter and one of them was located in the lymph node. Because of the HLA‐DR expression by the epithelium, the cysts are considered to have formed as a result of duct dilatation due to autoimmune response. As for one cyst, it is also possible that the pre‐existing lymphoepithelial cyst might be involved in the autoimmune phenomenon because of its relation to the lymph node.
Oral manifestations of previously undiagnosed non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gibson John , Lamey Philip‐John , Lewis Michael , Frier Brian
Published: April 2006

The oral manifestations are described of 43 patients with previously undiagnosed non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDD) who presented to an Oral Medicine Unit in a 24‐month period. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was confirmed by measurement of fasting blood glucose and where necessary by a glucose tolerance test. Sixteen patients had burning mouth syndrome, ten patients had unusually prolonged fungal and/or bacterial infections, nine patients had a nonspecific condition such as altered taste, six patients had an oral mucosal lesion such as erosive lichen planus, one patient had sialosis and one patient complained of sialorrhoea. The frequency of undiagnosed NIDD was twice that expected among the general population. Treatment directed at improving glycemic control also produced resolution of the patients' oral symptoms in most cases.
Immunohistochemical study of jaw cysts: different existence of keratins in odontogenic and non‐odontogenic epithelial linings
Authors: Maeda Yoshimasa , Hirota Jyusui , Yoneda Kazunori , Osaki Tokio
Published: April 2006

Keratins and secretory component (SC) were immunohistochemically examined in fresh tissue samples from 45 odontogenic and 35 non‐odontogenic cysts. Lining epithelia of almost all cases contained keratins which reacted with polyclonal antibodies (Dako, Bio‐Science), and no difference could be found between the two groups of lesions. By staining with two monoclonal antibodies against keratins, i.e., RGE53 (Bio‐Science) and RKSE60 (Bio‐Science), it was revealed that the epithelia of non‐odontogenic cysts, which were columnar epithelium in most cases, had fully and positively reacted with RGE53, while none of the cases was positive for RKSE60. In contrast, the squamous linings of odontogenic cysts except for two cases did not react with RGE53, and few cases possessed RKSE60‐reactive keratin. SC was also contradictory. All non‐odontogenic cysts were proven to be positive for SC, but only 21 of the odontogenic cysts exhibited SC. Regarding each pair of non‐odontogenic and odontogenic cysts covered with RGE53 and SC‐positive, and RKSE60‐negative squamous epithelium, it seemed reasonable from the staining results to conclude that the squamous linings were metaplastic from the columnar epithelium. Based on the results, concomitant examinations of SC with keratins will be helpful in deciding the epithelial derivation of jaw cysts.
A transforming Kirsten ras oncogene in an oral squamous carcinoma
Authors: Howell R. E. , Wong F. S. H. , Fenwick R. G.
Published: April 2006

This investigation has employed the NIH 3T3 cell transfection assay in an effort to detect transforming genes in DNA from squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. Of 11 tumor DNAs tested, 1 DNA sample from a gingival squamous carcinoma was able to produce primary and secondary transformants containing the human K‐ras oncogene. This is the first report of an activated ras oncogene derived from a carcinoma of the head and neck. Head and neck cancers may possess activated ras oncogenes more often than is indicated by this study because of the relative inefficiency of transfection assays in detecting large transforming genes such as K‐ras.
Coexpression of intermediate‐sized filaments in sialadenoma papilliferum and other salivary gland neoplasms
Authors: Nakahata Akiyo , Deguchi Hiroyo , Yanagawa Tetsuo , Yoshida Hideo , Sato Mitsunobu , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: April 2006

The neoplastic cells present in a sialadenoma pappiliferum were found by immunoperoxidase method and immunofluorescent staining technique to co‐express 3 different types of intermediate‐sized filaments (IPs) defined by monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin, vimentin and desmin. When other salivary gland tumors such as 18 pleomorphic adenomas, 15 adenolymphomas, 2 oxyphilic adenomas, 7 mucoepidermoid tumors, 5 acinic cell tumors, 8 adenoid cystic carcinomas and 6 adenocarcinomas were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of IPs, no tumors with all 3 types of IPs observed in sialadenoma papilliferum were found.
Orofacial manifestations from accidental exposure to caesium 137 in Goiania, Brazil
Authors: Gomes Maria A. M. , Wascheck Carla deC. , Scully Crispian , Almeida Oslei deP. , Bozzo Lourenco
Published: April 2006

The accidental close exposure of over 200 adults and children to a caesium‐137 (137Cs) source in Goiania, Brazil in 1987 produced significant short‐term morbidity in about 50 patients, and four deaths within a few weeks. Some 57% of those maximally exposed to radiation, developed orofacial lesions, notably purpura, spontaneous bleeding, ulcers and/or acute candidiasis. These lesions were probably mainly the consequences of depression of bone marrow elements by the radionuclide. Though the oral lesions that may follow iatrogenic exposure to ionizing radiation are well recognized this appears to be the first report on the oral sequelae of a serious radiation accident.
Elucidating the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease: recent advances at the molecular level and relevance to oral mucosal disease
Authors: Jonsson Roland , Mountz John , Koopman William
Published: April 2006

Humoral and/or cellular immune responses directed against self antigens are currently thought to underlie a wide spectrum of systemic and organ‐specific human and animal autoimmune diseases. Although the immunopathology of these diseases has been well characterized in most cases, the etiology still remains obscure. In order to gain a more fundamental insight of the abnormal processes leading to autoimmunity, efforts are currently being directed toward defining these diseases at a molecular level. Because of the clinical diversity and immunological complexity of these diseases, several directions are being pursued. Relevant to autoimmune oral disease, this review will focus on antigen processing and recognition (immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes), the key role of the major histocompatibility complex, and the involvement of the cytokine network. Advances made in these fields have clear relevance for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies related to autoimmune diseases affecting oral tissues.
Immunomodulation by LongoVital in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration
Authors: Pedersen Anne , Klausen Bjarne , Hougen Hans Peter , Ryder Lars , Winther Kaj
Published: April 2006

LongoVital (LV) (DK. Reg. No. 5178/75) is a herbal based tablet enriched with recommended doses of vitamins. Peripheral lymphocyte subsets: T‐helper/CD4 (OKT4 +) and T‐suppressor/cytotoxic/CD8 (OKT8 +) were studied quantitatively in 31 otherwise healthy patients with minor recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) during 6 months' daily LV intake in a double‐blind, randomized, crossover 1‐year study. Fourteen had had LV during the first 6 months (GrA) and 17 LV during the latter 6 months (GrB). OKT4 + percentages increased significantly during the LV period in both groups (P <0.05). OKT8+ percentages increased in both groups, however, only significantly in GrA (p <0.05). It is concluded that LV acts as an immunostimulator in patients with RAU and that the increase in T‐lymphocyte subsets may account for the previously reported benefit of LV in RAU prevention.
Laband syndrome: a case report
Authors: Bazopoulou‐Kyrkanidou Euterpe , Papagianoulis Lisa , Papanicolaou Stavros , Mavrou Ariadni
Published: April 2006

A case of Laband syndrome in an 8‐yr‐old girl is presented. The case is sporadic. The patient manifests enlargement of the soft tissue of the hard palate and the gingiva, which partly or completely covers the crowns of the teeth and macroglossia. The cartilagenous part of the nose and the ears is large and soft. She has synophrys and thick, straight hair. The nails of the fingures and toes are dysplastic. The girl exhibits no other abnormality, except an IQ of 61.
Immunohistochemical analysis of effects of cyclosporin A on gingival epithelium
Authors: Niimi Atsushi , Tohnai Iwai , Kaneda Toshio , Takeuchi Manabu , Nagura Hiroshi
Published: April 2006

Cyclosporin A (CSA)‐induced gingival overgrowth was immunohistochemistry compared with that phenytoininduced and nonspecific inflammatory gingiva, and CSA concentration was determined for dental plaque. Leu‐6+ epithelial dendric cells (EDC) were found to significantly decrease in number in CSA‐induced gingival overgrowth, while the ratio of HLA‐DR+ EDC to Leu‐6+ EDC did not change significantly. The expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens, such as HLA‐DR, ‐DP and ‐DQ on keratinocytes did not change by CSA‐treatment. Leu‐4+ mononuclear cells in CSA‐induced gingival overgrowth were located primarily in the connective tissue far outside the epithelium. CSA concentration was much higher in dental plaque than in blood and other tissues. Immune response thus appears to be suppressed in the epithelial layer of CSA‐induced gingival overgrowth through decrease in Leu‐6+ HLA‐DR+ EDC and T cell infiltration, both due to CSA in dental plaque. DNA polymerase a was detected in much fewer basal keratinocytes of CSA‐ and phenytoininduced gingival overgrowth. Epithelial hyperplasia may thus be not due to increased keratinocyte proliferation, but rather to enhanced keratinocyte life span.
Use of monoclonal antibody 17.13 in the diagnosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Migliorati Cesar A , Ranken Raymond , Kaplan Michael , Silverman Sol
Published: April 2006

We assessed the ability of monoclonal antibody (MAb) 17.13 to react with human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and other oral tissues. MAb 17.13 was reacted with acetone‐fixed, serial frozen sections of 21 Oscc, 7 fibromas, 2 squamous papillomas, 1 melanosis and 3 normal oral mucosa, by means of an avidin‐biotin‐immunoperoxidase assay. Twenty‐one of 21 tumors (100% sensitivity) reacted strongly with MAb 17.13, with a homogenous staining pattern. Individual tumor cells could be clearly seen, improving the detection of microinvasion or borderline lesions. The epithelium of benign lesions and normal oral mucosa showed staining of the basal cells only. We conclude MAb 17.13 could be used as an accurate diagnostic tool for OSCC.
Oral intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia
Authors: Buchner A. , Merrell P. W. , Carpenter W. M. , Leider A. S.
Published: April 2006

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is usually a cutaneous lesion thought to represent a peculiar manifestation of an organizing thrombus. IPEH can be subdivided into a pure form that occurs within a dilated vascular space and a mixed form that appears as a focal change within a preexisting vascular lesion, such as hemangioma. The principle significance of the lesion lies in the fact that it may be mistaken for angiosarcoma. Oral lesions are uncommon and the present paper reports on 16 new cases of oral IPEH, analyzing their clinical and histomorphologic features. Histologically, 11 lesions appeared in a pure form and 5 lesions in a mixed form. Thrombi were detected in all but one case. The most common location was the lip, followed in decreasing frequency by the tongue and buccal mucosa. Local excision was the treatment of choice.
Postnatal effects of nicotine on incisor development of albino mouse
Authors: Saad A. Yousef
Published: April 2006

Young albino mice, 4‐days‐old, exposed to 0.1% nicotine sulfate on gestational days 6–20 were compared with untreated pups to determine nicotine's effects on the animals. Pregnant mice were given intraperitoneal injections of nicotine at a dose of 1.67 mg/kg/day. Data of pups weight, CRL, distance between the anterior and posterior limbs, maximum head height and width as well as head circumference were collected. The neonates were then decapitated, their entire mandibles were excised, routinely prepared, sectioned and stained with H and E for histologic examination of the developing incisors. All the parameters were significantly reduced in the treated group. Histologically, the processes of odontogenesis appeared retarded in nicotine treated animals, whereas the control group demonstrated normal dentin and enamel formation. Thus nicotine has a detrimental effect on the development of newborn offspring in general and incisor development in particular. This effect begins prenatally and extends postnatally.
A variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor with Langerhans cells
Authors: Asano Masatake , Takahashi Tomihisa , Kusama Kaoru , Iwase Takashi , Hori Minoru , Yamanoi Hiromitsu , Tanaka Hiroshi , Moro Itaru
Published: April 2006

A variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) with Langerhans cells is reported. Compared to a typical CEOT, the tumor islands of this case were thin and composed of a small number of polyhedral epithelial cells. Almost no calcification of homogenous eosinophilic materials was observed. In addition, clear cells which structurally corresponded to Langerhans cell were intermingled in the epithelial islands. These cells stain positively for S‐100 protein, lysozome, MT 1, LN‐3 and OKT 6 antibodies, but not for keratin antibody. Electronmicroscopic examination revealed the rod‐shaped and racket‐shaped structures called Birbeck's granules in the cytoplasm of these clear cells. Our observations indicate a variant case of CEOT with Langerhans cells in tumor nests.
Human herpesvirus‐6: the latest human herpes virus
Authors: Bagg Jeremy
Published: April 2006

Human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) was first isolated in 1986 from peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Although HHV‐6 is distinct from the other human herpes viruses, DNA studies have revealed some genomic similarities with cytomegalovirus. It has recently become evident that up to 95% of older children and adults are HHV‐6 seropositive. Infection is believed to occur early in life, after maternal antibody has waned. Up to 92% of healthy adults shed HHV‐6 in saliva, and evidence indicates that this secretion is important in spread of the virus. In situ hybridization and immunochemical studies suggest that the salivary glands themselves may be the site of replication and persistence of HHV‐6. There is good evidence that HHV‐6 is causally linked to exanthema subitum, a common febrile disease of infants. Associations of HHV‐6 with postviral fatigue syndrome, lymphoproliferative disorders and progression of AIDS have all been examined, but the evidence in these cases remains conflicting.
An investigation of parotid gland function and histopathology in autoimmune disease‐prone mice of different age groups
Authors: Wolff Andy , Scott John , Woods Kathy , Fox Philip C.
Published: April 2006

This work aimed to characterize parotid gland function in autoimmune disease‐prone murine strains (MRL/n, MRL/1 and NZB/W) in relation to increasing age and to relate the extent of functional impairment to the intensity of histopatholog‐ic changes observed at the different ages. Pilocarpine‐stimulated parotid saliva was collected to assess salivary flow rate and composition. Parotid tissue was then removed for histopathologic assessment. Parotid flow rates were not significantly reduced in autoimmune strains compared to controls but were reduced with age in NZB/W mice and in males of the C57 (control) strain. Age‐related salivary compositional changes were present in MRL/1 mice and in male NZB/W mice. Focal lymphocytic adenitis increased with age in prevalence and intensity in both sexes. The functional and histopathologic changes were not closely correlated. These results suggest that the parotid gland of autoimmune disease‐prone mice provides only a poor replication of the salivary changes in human Sjcigren's syndrome. Nevertheless, both the functional and histopathological changes developing in these strains, pven though of limited extent, are significantly influenced by age.
Nuclear infrastructure of human parotid gland tumors with special focus on nuclear bodies
Authors: Dourov N. , Duquene L.
Published: April 2006

The purpose of our study was to determine the morphology and the proportion of NB in 20 human parotid gland tumors. Types I and III NB were observed in benign as well as malignant tumors. Some atypical forms (“onion‐like” NB and NB with lipidic inclusions) were found in benign tumors. The proportion of nuclear profiles containing one and more NB varied from 0 to 60% in the benign tumors, and from 4 to 50% in the malignant tumors. Nuclei containing 3 and more NB were observed as well in the benign as in the malignant tumors. The NB ratio cannot be taken for a malignancy criteria.
Phagocytosis and adhesiveness of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis
Authors: Gutiérrez J. , Cutando A. , Castillo A. M. , Liébana J. , Baca P. , Llodra J. C.
Published: April 2006

Phagocytosis and adhesiveness of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes were studied in patients diagnosed with generalized rapidly progressive (form A) periodontitis. All patients belonged to a single family and were first degree relatives. In the patients' leukocytes there was a statistically significant reduction in phagocytic index and adhesiveness, in comparison with leukocytes from controls. However, adhesiveness approached control values in the presence of autologous serum, thus implying that serologic factors may enhance this function in patients with this type of periodontitis.
Healing of pulp exposures: an ultrastructural study
Authors: Mjör Ivar A. , Dah Erik , Cox Charles F.
Published: April 2006

The fine structure of tissue changes during the first 14 days following pulp exposure and capping with a hard setting Ca(OH), cement has been studied. The early changes included hemorrhage and moderate inflammation which were largely resolved during the first week. During the second week differentiation of cells occurred at the wound surface. These cells had the characteristic features of odontoblasts and formed a predentin‐like collagen matrix. The capping material was closely adapted to cellular structures at the wound surface or to the predentin‐like matrix at all observation periods. Dentin fragments displaced into the pulp tissue during cavity preparation, acted as sites for pulp stone formation.
Epstein syndrome: oral lesions in a patient with nephropathy, deafness and thrombocytopenia
Authors: Richards A. , Scully C. , Eveson J. , Prime S.
Published: April 2006

Epstein syndrome is a rare dominantly inherited disorder in which the main features are nephritis, deafness and macrothrombocytopathic thrombocytopenia. A case with oral haemorrhage and purpuric lesions is reported. This appears to be the first report of this syndrome in the dental literature.
Rieger's syndrome
Authors: Tewari Sanjay , Govila C. P. , Garg A. P.
Published: April 2006

Rieger's syndrome which is a congenital progressive, autosomally dominant, ophthalmic anomaly has certain associated somatic dentofacial and systemic features. These extra dentofacial and systemic findings can play very important role in diagnosing this syndrome so as to prevent the ocular complications. This article reports such a case in a 20‐yr‐old woman and discusses somatic features along with the clinical importance of early diagnosis.
On the mechanism of drug‐induced gingival hyperplasia
Authors: Brown Ronald S. , Beaver William T. , Bottomley William K.
Published: April 2006

Proposed mechanisms of the side effect of drug‐induced gingival hyperplasia are reviewed. Hypotheses with regard to inflammation from bacterial plaque, increased sulfated glycosaminoglycans, immunoglobulins, gingival fibroblast phenotype population differences, epithelial growth factor, pharmacokinetics and tissue binding, collagenase activation, disruption of fibroblast cellular sodium/calcium flux, folic acid and a combination hypothesis are evaluated.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in focal epithelial hyperplasia by in situ hybridization
Authors: Padayachee Arun , van Wyk C. W.
Published: April 2006

Eighteen cases of focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) were investigated for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) group specific antigen by immunocyto‐chemistry and HPV types 1,6, 11, 13, 16, 18 and 32 by DNA in situ hybridization employing biotinylated probes. Seven (39%) specimens demonstrated the presence of HPV group specific antigen. Fifteen (83%) specimens were positive for HPV DNA: 9 (60%) showed HPV 32, of which 6 were on non‐keratinized mucosa and 3 on border of keratinized and non‐keratinized mucosa; 5 (33%) showed HPV 13, 4 lesions on keratinized mucosa and I on non‐keratinized mucosa; 1 (7%) specimen on non‐keratinized mucosa showed HPV‐11 related. Two specimens on different sites from one patient showed the same HPV type and one patient had, in addition to FEH, a squamous papilloma also demonstrating the same HPV type. Results show a specific HPV distribution pattern in the epithelium indicating areas of high viral concentration adjacent to areas of low or no viral concentration. This study also indicates the possibility of tissue‐site specificity or a latent infection and the possibility of a yet unidentified HPV type associated with FEH. It is suggested that future monitoring of patients be carried out with special reference to HPV type and anatomical distribution pattern for FEH lesions.
Dental lesions in tumoral calcinosis
Authors: Burkes E. Jeff , Lyles Kenneth W. , Dolan Edward A. , Giammara Beverly , Hanker Jacob
Published: April 2006

Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a rare inherited autosomal dominant metabolic disease manifested by elevated serum phosphorus and 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels and periarticular cystic and solid tumourous calcifications. The dental findings in a large family have been critical in determining the genetic transmission of the condition. Radiographically the teeth have short bulbous roots, pulp stones and partial obliteration of the pulp cavity. Histologically, coronal dentin and a variable amount of radicular dentin appears to be deposited regularly. At nonspecific points the developing radicular dentin appears to encounter a mass of calcified material and proceed to grow around it. This mass has a unique histologic pattern with ovoid spaces surrounded by amorphous calcification. At levels of further root development the radicular dentin has an irregular bending tubule arrangement. The dental lesion of TC appears to be different from that of radicular dentin dysplasia in histologic structure and in the method of initiation of the dentin defect. These data suggest that the specific dental lesion is a new phenotypic marker for TC.
Epithelial lining of sinus tracts associated with periapical disease: an immunocytochemical study using monoclonal antibodies to keratins
Authors: Gao Z. , Mackenzie I. C. , Pan S. , Shi J.
Published: April 2006

We examined 30 specimens of mucosal sinus tracts arising in association with periapical inflammation. Immunocytochemistry and a panel of monoclonal antibodies to keratins were used to demonstrate the epithelial lining and its pattern of keratin expression. Half of the specimens were found to have an epithelial lining that was continuous with the mucosal epithelium and showed various degrees of extension into the sinus. The presence of an epithelial lining appeared to correlate with the duration of the sinus tracts. The immunostaining patterns of the epithelial linings were similar to those of the mucosal epithelium near the sinus opening although some differences were found. Proliferating strands of epithelium, presumably derived from the rest of Malassez, were observed deep in the tissues but were not continuous with the epithelial lining. The results suggest that the epithelial lining of sinus tracts is derived not from epithelial rests in the periapical region but from the mucosal epithelium adjacent to the opening of the sinus tract and that the observed changes in the pattern of keratinization are due to the influence of inflammation or of the connective tissue substrate.
Ultrastructural characteristics of a cell line derived from a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy
Authors: Claman Lewis J. , Stetson David , Steinberg Barry , Shuler Charles F.
Published: April 2006

Thin section and freeze‐fracture transmission electron microscopy were used to examine and identify the cytoplasmic and membrane structures in a cell line derived from a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI). The cultured cells had a uniform appearance after 70 population doublings characterized by long dendritic processes and evidence of melanin production. The cytoplasm contained numerous melanosomes in various stages of development, vesiculated rough endoplasmic reticulum, microfilaments and uncoated as well as coated vesicles. The membrane specializations included caveoli, coated pits, gap junctions, microfilaments, desmosome‐like structures and lamellipodia. The Ultrastructural appearance of the cultured MNTI cells was similar to features previously seen in electron micrographs of MNTI tumor specimens. However, correlated freeze‐fracture and thin section micrographs permitted further identification of structures previously described. The MNTI cell line represents one of the cell types of the tumor and provides an opportunity for further study of the pathogenesis of this rare tumor.
Prognostic value of various molecular and cellular features in oral squamous cell carcinomas: a review
Authors: Bryne Magne
Published: April 2006

Recent findings of prognostic value for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) which may supplement clinical staging are reviewed. Many reports show that histopathologic grading, measurements of tumor‐thickness and DNA‐content have independent prognostic value and may thus be of clinical value. Features regarding cells at the invading margins of the tumors are probably of higher prognostic value than features within other parts of the tumors. Reportedly, various other cellular and serum markers have prognostic associations worthwhile further research.
Adult T cell leukemia derived factor (ADF) in oral epithelial lesions
Authors: Kusama Kaoru , Saitoh Toyohiko , Masutani Hiroshi , Nakamura Hajime , Yodoi Junji , Moro Itaru
Published: April 2006

To examine the distribution of adult T cell leukemia derived factor (ADF) in oral epithelial lesions, an immunohistochemical method using a polyclonal antibody against ADF C‐terminal peptide was applied to formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues. All cases of periodontits, epithelial hyperplasia, epithelial dysplasia and leukoplakia examined stained positively for ADF. Immunoreactive products were localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of spinous and parakeratotic layers, but not in basal and keratinous layers. In addition, five out of nine papillomas stained positively for ADF, especially in koilocytotic cells. Eight out of 13 squamous cell carcinomas stained positively. Furthermore. ADF positive areas in oral epithelial lesions were included in the areas for protein bound SH‐groups. Our results suggested that ADF may be a factor involved in the differentiation and proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium of the oral cavity.
Geographic stomatitis: report of 6 cases
Authors: Espelid M. , Bang G. , Johannessen A. C. , Leira J. I. , Christensen O.
Published: April 2006

The macro‐ and microscopic appearance and results of microbiologic and immunohistochemical investigations in six patients with geographic stomatitis are described. On the background of similarities in both the clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical findings it is felt that psoriasis and stomatitis geographica are related lesions.
Immunohistochemical localization of S‐100 protein and its subunits in melanotic lesions in the oral mucosa and skin
Authors: Fujita Shuichi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Tsuda Nobuo , Okabe Haruo
Published: April 2006

Immunohistochemical localization of S‐100 protein, S‐100 a and β subunits was examined in 23 pigmented nevi, 20 malignant melanomas and 8 metastatic melanomas originating from the oral mucosa and skin. Primary oral mucosal melanomas demonstrated no β subunit immunoreactivity while one metastatic lesion from oral melanoma that showed only a small number of melanoma cells reacted with the β subunit. In contrast, most cutaneous melanomas and their metastatic lesions showed immunoreaction with the S‐100 β subunit. As for pigmented nevi. immunoreactions with the three antibodies were frequently detected regardless of the site. The differences in the expression of S‐100 protein β subunit between cutaneous and mucosal melanomas may be related to differences in inductive interactions between the melanoma cells and the connective tissues in skin and mucosa.
Vascular expansion in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Zoellner Hans , Hunter Neil
Published: April 2006

Animal studies have demonstrated expansion and remodelling of gingival blood vessels in inflamed gingival tissues. However, there is a paucity of information, regarding the vascular response in human gingivitis and periodontitis. In this study, gingival biopsies were obtained from 51 separate patients. Fifteen minimally inflamed, 16 gingivitis and 20 periodontitis specimens were studied. Gingival biopsies were divided into five fields, and a quantitative survey of vascular changes was performed. In fields adjacent to the bacterial plaque irritant, vessel profiles were increased in number with the development of the advanced periodontal lesion. The diameter of blood vessels throughout the entire thickness of gingival biopsies was found to increase with advancing periodontal disease. It is concluded that considerable remodelling of the gingival vasculature occurs in chronic periodontitis, and that this may contribute to the tissue destruction seen in this disease
Behaviour of human ameloblastoma cells in collagen matrix in vitro: an ultrastructural study
Authors: Yasuda Katsuhiro , Satomura Kazuhito , Nagayama Masaru
Published: April 2006

We investigated the behaviour of human ameloblastoma cells in collagen matrix in vitro. The ameloblastoma tissue was extirpated from a 75 yr‐old woman. Small segments of the tissues were cultured in 0.18% collagen gel. After several weeks, collagen gels containing ameloblastoma tissue were fixed and examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Outgrowth of primary cultured cells could be recognized as processes like growth rims around the tissue pieces within 2‐3 days after tissue culture. Light microscopically, these cells formed a duct‐like structure. The characteristics of ameloblastoma cells in vivo with peripheral epithelial cells and stellate cells reappeared in vitro, and they were connected with one another in cytoplasmic processes by desmosomes. Also, some cells had many intracellular filaments, amorphous nuclei and vacuoles. The results indicated that this culture system in vitro might be applied to the cytogenetic analysis of ameloblastoma.
Acute irradiation effects on morphology and function of rat submandibular glands
Authors: Vissink A. , Kalicharan D. , 's‐Gravenmade E.J. , Jongebloed W. L. , Ligeon E. E. , Nieuwenhuis P. , Konings A. W. T.
Published: April 2006

In this study the morphologic and functional changes were compared after irradiation (single dose. 15 Gy) of rat submandibular salivary glands. Before and 1‐10 days after local irradiation of the gland region, samples of submandibular saliva were collected after stimulation by pilocarpine. At the same time‐points and also 3 h postirradiation submandibular glands were carefully extirpated and prepared for histocytologic examination (LM, TEM). Maximal increase of the lag phase and decrease of the flow rate were observed 3 days after irradiation, while [K+] and [Na+] increased and decreased, respectively, from days 1 and 3 after irradiation. Morphologic changes were observed from the third hour after irradiation, were maximal 3 days after irradiation and had partially recovered by day 10. Three hours and 1 day after irradiation degranulation of convoluted granulated tubes (CGT) was observed. Three days after irradiation the most striking morphologic changes in serous and mucous cells were distension of the cisternae of the RER, degeneration of mitochondria and vacuolization of the cytoplasm. Fibril‐like condensations of electron dense material in the mucous granules were observed 3 h, 1 and 6 days after irradiation. Regranulation of CGT cells was observed from day 6. From this study it is concluded that changes in salivary gland function can be observed before major morphologic changes occur. Functional changes persist after the morphologic changes seem to have virtually returned to normal.
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis in a family with the Zimmermann Laband syndrome
Authors: Bakaeen Ghazi , Scully Crispian
Published: April 2006

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is frequently an isolated condition of little consequence apart from a cosmetic problem and occasional associations with hypertrichosis and/or epilepsy. There are, however, several uncommon or rare eponymous syndromes described in which gingival fibromatosis can be a feature: these include the Zimmermann‐Laband, Murray‐Puretic‐Drescher, Rutherfurd, Cowden and Cross syndromes. This paper describes two siblings with features of the rare Zimmermann‐Laband syndrome and discusses the major aspects of this and other eponymous syndromes that may be associated with hereditary gingival fibromatosis.