bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint longitudinal and survival data modelling: an application in anti-diabetes drug therapeutic effect
Authors: Bhattacharjee Atanu , Nath Dilip C.
Published: October 2023

The longitudinal and survival analyses are useful tools in the exploration of drug trial data. In both cases the challenge is to deal with correlated repeated observations. Here, the joint modelling for longitudinal and survival data has been carried out via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method in type 2 diabetes clinical trials to compare different combinations of drugs, viz. Metformin plus Pioglitazone and Gliclazide plus Pioglitazone. Despite the complexity of the model it has been found relatively easier to implement with WinBugs software. The results have been computed and compared with software R. In both types of the analyses it has been found that no estimates of treatment appear to have significant effect on the evolution of the matter of HBA1c, neither on the longitudinal part nor on the survival one. The Bayesian approach has been considered as an extended tool with classical approach for estimation of clinical trial data analysis.
REPORT. International Conference on Small Area Estimation (SAE 2014)
Authors: Szymkowiak Marcin
Published: October 2023

The international conference on Small Area Estimation (SAE 2014) was held from 3rd to 5th September 2014 in Poznan, and was devoted to the methodology of small area statistics, which, following arrangements made by the European Working Group on Small Area Estimation, was organized by the Department of Statistics at the Poznan University of Economics (PUE).
On conditional simple random sample
Authors: Wywiał Janusz L.
Published: October 2023

Estimation of the population average in a finite and fixed population on the basis of the conditional simple random sampling design dependent on order statistics of the auxiliary variable is studied. The sampling scheme implementing the sampling design is proposed. The inclusion probabilities are derived. The well known Horvitz-Thompson statistic under the conditional simple random sampling designs is considered as the estimator of population mean. Moreover, it was shown that the Horvitz-Thompson estimator under some particular cases of the conditional simple random sampling design is more accurate than the ordinary mean from the simple random sample.
Statistical analysis of a questionnaire: voluntary health insurance implementation among patients suffering from allergy and asthma
Authors: Zalewska Marta , Zieliński Wojciech
Published: October 2023

We consider statistical analysis of multiple answers in a questionnaire. We propose a new method of calculating simultaneous confidence regions. In a communication presented at the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology the authors (Borowicz et al. (2009)) reported the proportions of respondents which gave one of three possible exclusive answers in a questionnaire concerning the role of voluntary health insurance. There were three possible answers. Apart from percentages of answers confidence intervals of every single answer have been reported. Unfortunately inference about the population based on such intervals may lead to imprecise conclusions. The inference about the respective population suffering from allergy and asthma proportions requires the construction of two-dimensional confidence region. We propose the use of a simultaneous confidence intervals to inference about true population proportions. Most of our attention is given to the case of three possible answers but the results may be generalized to any questionnaire with more than two excluding answers.
Variability of household disposable income per capita by types of residence in Poland
Authors: Turczak Anna , Zwiech Patrycja
Published: October 2023

The dispersion of household disposable income per capita in each class of residence (i.e. six) was estimated for households in Poland. Then, the dispersion of income between the classes was analysed. The computation was carried out separately for subsequent years from 1998 to 2012. The study shows that the households in Poland are differentiated with regard to income per capita by types of residence, however, the differences within the groups are much bigger than the differences between the groups. What is particularly surprising, the share of between-group variance in total variance in the population under study was negligible small (just a few percent) compared to the share of the mean within-group variance (more than 90 percent).
Duration-based approach to VaR independence backtesting
Authors: Małecka Marta
Published: October 2023

Dynamic development in the area of value-at-risk (VaR) estimation and growing implementation of VaR-based risk valuation models in investment companies stimulate the need for statistical methods of VaR models evaluation. Following recent changes in Basel Accords, current UE banking supervisory regulations require internal VaR model backtesting, which provides another strong incentive for research on relevant statistical tests. Previous studies have shown that commonly used VaR independence Markov-chain-based testing procedure exhibits low power, which constitutes a particularly serious problem in the case of finite-sample settings. In the paper, as an alternative to the popular Markov test an overview of the group of duration-based VaR backtesting procedures is presented along with exploration of their statistical properties while rejecting a non-realistic assumption of infinite sample size. The Monte Carlo test technique was adopted to provide exact tests, in which asymptotic distributions were replaced with simulated finite sample distributions. A Monte Carlo study, based on the GARCH model, was designed to investigate the size and the power of the tests. Through the comparative analysis we found that, in the light of observed statistical properties, the duration-based approach was superior to the Markov test.
Métodos para redução e inativação de fatores antinutricionais em alimentos de origem vegetal: uma revisão
Authors: De Oliveira Pereira Fabiana , Rodrigues Martins Ingryd , Da Conceição Amaral Ribeiro Suezilde , Suzuki Júlio Cesar , Sarkis Peixoto Joele Maria Regina
Published: October 2023

O consumo de produtos de origem vegetal a base de plantas tem sido proposta como uma alternativa eficiente na prevenção de doenças crônicas. No entanto, diferentes plantas produzem fatores antinutricionais, que podem apresentar efeitos negativos e/ou positivos à saúde. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão integrativa, onde foram estabelecidas as seguintes perguntas norteadoras: “Os antinutrientes dos alimentos de origem vegetal são avaliados na escolha de uma dieta equilibrada e saudável?” “Qual a importância de analisar seus efeitos na saúde humana? São considerados vilões ou heróis?”. A revisão integrativa foi realizada por meio do levantamento de estudos nacionais e internacionais no Portal de Periódicos da Capes, totalizando 1094 artigos científicos. Na triagem, foram filtrados 343, dos quais 127 foram classificados para a apresentação do cenário atual e das perspectivas esperadas sobre a temática elencada. Alguns compostos com ação antinutricional, tem sido considerados danosos à saúde em virtude do seu potencial de reduzir a biodisponibilidade de nutrientes essenciais. Apesar das evidências, pesquisas relatam resultados antagônicos, pois alguns destes, tornaram-se conhecidos por seus efeitos benéficos, com potenciais terapêuticos em diversas doenças crônicas. À vista disso, o consumo de compostos com fatores antinutricionais é relativo com relação às vantagens e desvantagens à saúde, que em certos casos, podem ter desde a ação terapêutica até efeitos prejudiciais, em indivíduos susceptíveis a dietas restritivas à base de plantas. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário, adotar técnicas como imersão, cozimento, fermentação, aquecimento dielétrico, extrusão e irradiação γ, para reduzir ou inativar os compostos antinutricionais a níveis seguros na ingestão de vegetais para o consumidor.
The Role of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Isramilda  , Andi Ipaljri
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The innate immune system provides immediate protection in the event of an infection, while the adapted immune system provides a more specific response and has the ability to remember specific pathogens, thereby protecting the body from similar infections in the future. This study aimed to present the role of innate and adaptive immunity in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).
Methods: The literature search process was carried out on various databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar) regarding the role of innate and adaptive immunity in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. This study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) recommendations.
Results: Five studies were included in this study. A combination of innate and adapted immune systems work together to overcome SSSS infections.
Conclusion: The innate immune system provides a rapid initial defense, while the ad apted immune system provides a more specific response and the ability to form immune memory.
The Role of Hormonal Regulation and Brain Neurotransmitters in Baby Blues Syndrome: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Sari Ika Novita , Susanti
Published: October 2023

These hormonal fluctuations affect various aspects of maternal health and well-being, including brain neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and oxytocin. This is an important aspect in understanding the emotional changes and psychological responses that mothers often experience during this period. This study aimed to present the role of hormonal regulation and brain neurotransmitters in baby blues syndrome. The literature search process was carried out on various databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar). This study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. The period of pregnancy and childbirth brings significant hormonal changes in the mother's body. A sharp drop in hormone levels, such as estrogen and progesterone after giving birth, can affect the mother's mood and emotions. Decreased levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation, may contribute to the feelings of sadness and anxiety often experienced by mothers with Baby Blues. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of motivation and emotional responses, can also fluctuate due to postnatal hormonal changes, affecting the mother's mood and motivation. Increased cortisol levels in response to physical and emotional stress can impact the mother's mood and can affect the activity of neurotransmitters such as serotonin. Prolactin plays a role in bonding between mother and baby, as well as in breast milk production. These hormonal fluctuations can affect the mother's emotions and feelings.
Ensemble Machine Learning Approach for Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Based Drug Discovery: A Review
Authors: Noviandy Teuku Rizky , Maulana Aga , Idroes Ghazi Mauer , Emran Talha Bin , Tallei Trina Ekawati , Helwani Zuchra , Idroes Rinaldi
Published: October 2023

This comprehensive review explores the pivotal role of ensemble machine learning techniques in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling for drug discovery. It emphasizes the significance of accurate QSAR models in streamlining candidate compound selection and highlights how ensemble methods, including AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Extra Trees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost, effectively address challenges such as overfitting and noisy data. The review presents recent applications of ensemble learning in both classification and regression tasks within QSAR, showcasing the exceptional predictive accuracy of these techniques across diverse datasets and target properties. It also discusses the key challenges and considerations in ensemble QSAR modeling, including data quality, model selection, computational resources, and overfitting. The review outlines future directions in ensemble QSAR modeling, including the integration of multi-modal data, explainability, handling imbalanced data, automation, and personalized medicine applications while emphasizing the need for ethical and regulatory guidelines in this evolving field.
Psychosocial Rehabilitation of Persons with Mental Disorders in the Project "Harmonization of Life"
Authors:   Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4 n.a. P.B. Gannushkin of Moscow City Health Department Moscow, Russia, Kuznetsova Olga G.
Published: October 2023

The creation and activities of project "Harmonization of Life", developed and carried out at the Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4 n.a. Ganushkin in Moscow and aimed at creating a long-term, continuous, out-of-hospital psychological and social support for adult patients with mental disorders, focused on their social and labor rehabilitation, are described
The Role of a Mentor in the Socialization of Children and Adults Living in Social Service Residential Agencies: Psychoneurological Residential Institutions and Orphanages
Authors:   Association of Mentoring Programs ", Bryanskaya M.S. ,   Znachim",   , Moscow, Russia, Vorontsova N.A. , Zemlyanova A.M. , Kochina M.V. , Parinskaya Y.A. , Rylnikova M.V. , Soldatenkova Y.I.
Published: October 2023

Mentorship is an important form of volunteering aimed at developing the socialization and identity of children, adolescents and young adults with experience of living in orphanages. Mentoring project “Znachim” brought together mentoring programs of 7 Russian charitable foundations. The project is based on a unified methodology and mentoring tools. 2,000 leavers of orphanages and children living in orphanages in 35 regions of Russia have got their mentors. The results of a joint study of the collaborating funds’ mentoring programs are presented to prove their effectiveness. The study was conducted by the Charitable Foundation "Solnechny Gorod" in 2022
Research progress on biliary stents
Authors: Zhang Qi , Cui Haipo , Zhang Yan , Jiang Hexuan
Published: October 2023

Bile duct stenosis is a common condition in gastroenterology and hepatobiliary surgery and can be divided into benign stenosis and malignant stenosis according to different etiologies. The implantation of a gall stent into the site of the stenosis or obstruction is currently an important means of treating the bile duct stenosis. Biliary stents encompass two main types: plastic stents and metal stents. In recent years, biodegradable biliary stents and drug-eluting stents have also emerged. The material and structure of biliary stents have an important influence on their performance. In this paper, the research progress on biliary stent implantation technology in the treatment of biliary stenosis is reviewed. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of biliary stents made from different materials and structures, along with their respective indications are summarized, and the development trend of degradable biliary stents is prospected.
Dipstick color recognition in dry chemical urinalysis: A mini review
Authors: Xu Qianfeng , Yan Rongguo , Wu Weifeng , Zhang Yongqian
Published: October 2023

Urinalysis is an essential diagnostic tool for urinary tract infections, kidney disease, diabetes, and other clinical conditions. Dipsticks, which allow for quick screening of urine specimens, are used in the clinic settings to identify the presence and concentration of labeled substances such as urine pH, urine protein, urine glucose, urine ketone, and urine nitrite. This paper reviews four urine dry chemical analysis methods, which are based on human eyes, integrating sphere, color sensors, and image sensors, respectively. The techniques of each method are also discussed.
Preparation and application of electro-conductive hydrogels in biomedical engineering
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Mao Lin , Hu Zhongxin , Yang Wanwen , Zhang Linying , Song Chengli
Published: October 2023

Electro-conductive hydrogel is a new composite hydrogel with high electrical conductivity, extraordinary mechanical properties, and controllability. It can be equipped with specific materials to obtain specific properties, which has attracted considerable research attention due to its wide range of application as a biomaterial in the biomedical engineering field. It can be used as a patch to promote healing and as a dressing for burns and pressure wounds. In pharmaceutical science, it is widely studied as a carrier of targeted and quantitative drug release. In surgery, it can serve as a cell scaffold for implantable therapy. Currently, increasing research is focusing on the development of sensors as simulated skin for robots, as well as in health monitors for human activity and well-being. In this review, we summarize the classification and selection of conductive mediums, natural polymer hydrogel matrices, and the application of electro-conductive hydrogels in the fields of bioengineering and biomedicine. We delve into the properties of different conductive mediums and the principle of combining different hydrogel matrices and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of emerging composite hydrogels. Our focus extends to the forefront of conductive hydrogel research in various fields, while also elucidating the current problems and challenges in terms of performance integration, preparation process and practical applications.
The Characteristics of Donna Elvira in Mozart's Opera "DonGiovanni "
Authors:   Department of Music, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China, tdjgzhangqiang@outlook.com, ZENG MING
Published: October 2023

Don Giovanni is an opera adapted by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1787. In the play, perhaps one of the strongest voices conveying the minds of modern women is Elvira. This articlestarts from the female character Elvira (Elvira), analyzes her role in the opera, and concludes thatElvira is a truth-bearer with a strong desire for revenge. Through her transformation andsublimation from abandonment to revenge, she discusses the interpretation of the characters, andfurther conveys the understanding of the performance of opera characters. Finally, this paper alsosummarizes the views on Elvira's role interpretation.
Determination of the chemical and mineral composition of citrus by-products in relation to its utilization as a feed raw material
Authors:   University of Forestry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria, Neshovska Hristina
Published: October 2023

The global food industry and especially fruit juice production generates millions of tons of organic waste annually. Citrus waste, also known as citrus pulp оr citrus pomace, is a residue obtained during various citrus juices production. This by-product has the potential to become an excellent source of essential nutrients in animal feeding. In the current study, the chemical and mineral composition were determined in the citrus waste by Orange (Citrus sinensis), Lemon (Citrus limon), Red grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), Mandarin (Citrus reticulata), Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), Pomelo (Citrus maxima). Waste products are derived from the production factory of freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juices located in the village of Musachevo, Western Bulgaria. For all citrus waste, the following indicators were determined: dry matter (DM), moisture (RH), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K). The mineral content was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Their chemical and mineral composition analyses showed differences in the distribution of nutrients and minerals. The data obtained from the conducted analyses showed that citrus pulp could successfully replace some of the main raw materials in the animal’s ration, as it is a source of essential nutrients for it.
In situ ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of low-protein fraction from sunflower meal
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, Nedelkov Krum
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate rumen degradation kinetics and intestinal digestibility of low-protein fraction from sunflower meal (LPSFM). Three non-lactating Jersey cows with an average body weight of 436 ± 18 kg fitted with a rumen and T-type duodenal cannulas were used in the experiment. Five samples of LPSFM from different batches produced in 20-d intervals were collected and incubated in the rumen of the cows for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h in 6 replicates. The average CP content of LPSFM was 175 (SD = 6.98) g/kg. Data were fitted to nonlinear regression model and analyzed statistically using SPSS. The soluble or rapidly degradable fraction а of LPSFM dry matter (DM) ranged from 105 to 137 (SD = 11.3) g/kg. The effective degradability of DM at assumed rumen outflow rate of 0.06/h ranged from 293 to 338 (SD= 16.3) g/kg. Fraction a of CP ranged from 124 to 189 (SD = 23.9) g/kg. Effective degradability of LPSFM CP at rumen outflow rate of 0.06/h ranged from 515 to 560 g/kg (SD = 16.2). Intestinal digestibility of LPSFM (after 16-h rumen incubation) DM and CP measured by the mobile bag technique varied from 318 to 349 g/kg (SD = 10.5) and from 766 to 820 g/kg (SD = 17.7), respectively. The average estimated Protein Digestible in the small Intestine (PDI) and Rumen Protein Balance (RPB) of the LPSFM samples analyzed in the current study, following equations in the Bulgarian feed evaluation system (at 0.06/h outflow rate), were 113 (SD = 1.67) g/kg and 125 (SD = 14.9) g/kg, respectively. The protein degradability and digestibility values obtained in this experiment can be effectively used in formulating rations for ruminant animals.
Fecal nitrogen excretion in dairy cows supplemented with feed additive containing active dry yeast
Authors:   Agricultural Academy, Agricultural Institute - Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, Vasilev Vasil , Videv Evgeni ,   Agricultural Academy, Agricultural Institute - Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was to determine the fecal excretion of N (TN and NH4 +-N) in dairy cows receiving the feed supplement Biolife® (Eurovix S.p.A., Italy) containing active dry yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two groups of 14 Holstein cows (B – experimental; C – control) at tie-stalled breeding participated in the experiment. Group B received the feed supplement through the total mixed ration (TMR). Fresh feces samples from both groups were collected on d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 from the start of supplementation. Mean values of fecal pH and excreted DM did not differ between groups. The concentration of NH4 +-N in the fecal samples of group B was reduced by 28.05%, average for the entire studied period (P<0.05). In the period d 21-35, this reduction was 35% (P=0.095). Excreted TN, averaged over the entire period, was reduced by 16.18% in group B, but the difference was not statistically significant. The reduction of TN content in feces from group B was more pronounced in the period d 21-35, when the reduction was 31.99% compared to group C (P=0.084). A period of at least 14 days is required for adaptation to the supplement and for an occur effect on N excretion.
Collaboration entre professionnels en réadaptation de la déficience auditive et familles immigrantes : points de vue des intervenants
Authors: Michaud Dorothée , Beauregard France
Published: October 2023

L’augmentation de la population immigrante de la région de Montréal a entraîné une modification du portrait de la clientèle des professionnels en réadaptation auditive. Ceux-ci sont plus souvent amenés à intervenir auprès de familles immigrantes et de leurs enfants, une situation interculturelle qui amène son lot de défis pour les familles immigrantes, mais également pour les professionnels qui interviennent auprès de ces familles. Pourtant, alors que de nombreuses études portent sur le vécu des familles immigrantes, peu d’entre elles portent sur celui des professionnels. Cette recherche exploratoire porte donc sur le vécu des professionnels en réadaptation auditive du programme de déficience auditive pour les enfants jusqu’à 12 ans dans la région de Montréal. Les résultats indiquent que les interventions des professionnels de ce programme ont à coeur de proposer les thérapies les mieux adaptées à leur clientèle. Guidés par les règles des ordres professionnels et par le Code des professions du Québec, ils orientent leurs interventions afin d’amener les parents immigrants à accepter la thérapie proposée et à s’engager dans l’accompagnement de leur enfant, tout en cherchant à développer une collaboration constructive avec la famille. Cette approche entraîne l’émergence de plusieurs noeuds de tension dans leur collaboration avec ces familles : la perception que les professionnels ont de leur rôle et de celui des parents en premier lieu et la négociation identitaire que les professionnels doivent entreprendre pour répondre au mieux aux besoins de ces familles en second lieu. Les auteures proposent finalement quelques recommandations et des pistes pour des recherches futures.
Lire les profonds dans l’oeuvre romanesque de Kossi Efoui
Authors: Tsetse Kodzo Etonam
Published: October 2023

Cet article propose une lecture de l’oeuvre romanesque de Kossi Efoui comme récit des profonds. Il montre l’irruption matérielle des profonds (mines, métaux rares, nappes souterraines et océan Atlantique) dans les récits (notamment Solo d’un revenant et L’Ombre des choses à venir) : par la convoitise qu’ils suscitent, leur énergie et leur puissance, ils peuvent remettre en cause l’existence des communautés qui vivent à la surface, souvent dans l’ignorance des matières enfouies dans le sous-sol. Loin de déboucher systématiquement sur l’impression du désastre, la pensée des profonds mène aussi l’écrivain à une conception de l’océan Atlantique comme refuge poétique, et de la submersion comme horizon souhaitable.
Perbedaan Serotonin Plasma dan Kortisol Saliva terhadap Gejala Depresi pada Pasien Pasca Sindrom Koroner Akut
Authors:   Divisi Psikosomatik dan Paliatif, Kelompok Staf Medis Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Shatri Hamzah
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Psychological disorders are closely associated with hormonal factors, including cortisol and serotonin. In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), autonomic dysfunction and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis can occur, leading to an increase in cortisol levels that may worsen the prognosis of ACS patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the hormonal impact, namely cortisol and serotonin levels, on depressive symptoms, which will be examined in this study. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study to determine the impact of cortisol and serotonin in the incidence of depression in post-treatment ACS patients at the ICCU RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Data collection from patients meeting the inclusion criteria was carried out 10-14 days post-treatment through interviews, HADS questionnaire completion, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. The Mann-Whitney test was used to examine the differences between serotonin and salivary cortisol levels in patients with and without depression. Results. Among the 73 ACS patients included in this study, the average age was 57.53 (9.97) years, with 68.5% was male. Posttreatment depression was observed in 15.1% of subjects. The median serotonin levels were lower in patients with depression [175 (147 – 227.64) ng/mL vs. 189.31 (152.87-235.44) ng/mL], while cortisol levels were higher in patients with depression [3.09 (1.46-6.26) ng/mL vs. 2.15 (0.92-3.91) ng/mL]. However, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences between plasma serotonin and depression (p=0.482) or saliva cortisol and depression (p=0.275). Conclusions. There were no significant differences in cortisol and serotonin levels concerning depressive symptoms among post-acute coronary syndrome patients. Nevertheless, this study holds clinical importance due to the observed lower plasma serotonin levels and higher saliva cortisol levels in ACS patients with depression.
Manajemen Koinfeksi Malaria Berat dengan HIV Belum Mendapat Terapi Antiretrovirus di Era Pandemi COVID-19: Sebuah Laporan Kasus
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Rumah Sakit Umum Bethesda, Tomohon, Indonesia, Harijanto Paul
Published: October 2023

Severe malaria is a serious infectious disease that required immediate diagnosis and prompt treatment. Severe malaria may result several organ failures which is similar with other infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2, sepsis, dengue, and HIV infection. Most of those infection have similar symptoms such as fever, myalgia, and headache, therefore physician should have high suspicion regarding co-infection with other infectious agents. The overlapping symptoms of co-infections may become a challenge for physician in diagnosing and delivering prompt therapy. Failure to deliver prompt treatment may lead to fatal outcome such as in severe malaria case. Stigmatization of all patients with fever and cough for COVID-19, may lead to misdiagnosis, moreover in some facilities which SARS-COV-2 PCR testing may not readily available to rule out infection. Therefore, it is importance to have broad differential diagnosis of fever during COVID-19 pandemic era, including the possibility of malaria infection in immunocompromised patients This can be achieved by comprehensive history taking and physical examination in evaluating patients with fever. We report antiretroviral naïve HIV infected patient with severe malaria indicated by several multi organ damage that successfully treated.
Perbedaan Kadar Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 dan Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Serum pada Berbagai Derajat Sarkopenia Pasien Lanjut Usia: Studi Potong Lintang
Authors:   Divisi Geriatri Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas, Mulyana Roza
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Sarcopenia is a phenomenon of progressive decline in muscle function that occurs due to the aging process. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have an important role in the occurrence of sarcopenia as a positive and negative regulator of muscle mass. Research shows differences in IGF-1 and TNF-α levels between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, but research on differences in severity of sarcopenia remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in levels of IGF-1 and TNF-α in various degrees of sarcopenia in elderly patients. Methods. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach involving 45 subjects of elderly patients who came to the internal outpatient clinic of RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang and met the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Subjects were grouped into possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia. Then, serum IGF-1 and TNF-α examinations were performed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results. Median of serum IGF-1 levels in the total sample were 41.36 ng/mL. The highest levels of IGF-1 were found in the possible sarcopenia group (55.28 ng/mL), while the lowest level was in the severe sarcopenia group (31 ng/mL). Median of serum TNF-α levels in the total sample were 157.63 ng/L with the lowest was found in the possible sarcopenia group (111.41 ng/L) and the highest was in the severe sarcopenia group (241.1 ng/L). There was a significant difference in serum levels of IGF-1 and TNF-α in the three sarcopenia groups (p= 0.001). IGF-1 levels decreased according to the severity of sarcopenia, while TNF-α levels increased according to the severity of sarcopenia. Conclusions. There are differences in serum levels of IGF-1 and TNF-α between possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe elderly sarcopenia.
Profil Pasien Ketoasidosis Diabetikum di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Tersier di Bali, Indonesia
Authors:   Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Joenputri Noviana
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of life-threatening acute complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and acidosis. The prevalence of DM is increasing, therefore the incidence of DKA is predicted to continue to increase. The aim of this study was to obtain the profile of DKA patients in RSUP Prof. Dr. IGNG. Ngoerah (RSPN), Denpasar, Bali as a tertiary refferal hospital of Bali and Nusa Tenggara region. Methods. This study was a cohort retrospective study. All patients aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of DKA during Januari 2022 to February 2023 at RSPN, were included in this study. Data were obtained from medical records then analyzed using the SPSS version 26 program. Results. There were a total of 41 patients with DKA with mean of age was 50,59 (SD 16,87) years, most of them were female (51,2%) and came alone without referral (58,5%). Based on the clinical profile, most patients presented with decreased consciousness (36,5%), infection (90,2%) mostly urinary tract infection (UTI) (40,5%), have a history of insulin use (34,1%), and impaired of renal function (85,4%). The mean of blood glucose was 468,95 (SD 207,78) mg/dL, potassium level 4,19 (SD 1,17) mmol/L, bicarbonate level 12,85 (SD 6,27) mmol/L, and HbA1c 11,5% (7,1-14). The median duration of hospitalization was 7 (1-30) days and 19,5% of them were passed away during treatment, mostly within the first 72 hours. Conclusions. Most patients in this study are female with age less than 60 years. The most common precipitating factor of DKA are UTI and poor glycemic control. A total of 19,5% of patients with DKA were passed away in this study. Thus, clinicians should be more aggressive in the management of DKA, particularly in the first 72 hours.
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kesintasan Pasien yang Dilakukan Intervensi Koroner Perkutan Primer
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Karim Birry
Published: October 2023

Penyakit kardiovaskular masih menjadi penyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas di dunia, diikuti stroke dan penyakit keganasan. Penyakit kardiovaskular telah menyebabkan kematian pada 15,2 juta orang di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2016. Di Indonesia, pada tahun 2016 dilaporkan sebanyak 50.448 kasus rawat inap di rumah sakit akibat penyakit jantung iskemik atau ischemic heart disease (IHD), dengan kelompok usia tertinggi adalah 45–69 tahun. Kondisi tersebut disebabkan semakin meningkatnya prevalensi semua faktor risiko kardiovaskular seperti diabetes, hipertensi, dislipidemia, dan merokok.
Transcranial Doppler emboli monitoring for stroke prevention after flow diverting stents
Authors: Costa Matias , Schmitt Paul , N Jaleel , Baldoncini Matias , Vivanco-Suarez Juan , Chaurasia Bipin , Douville Colleen , Yince Loh , Patel Akshal , Monteith Stephen
Published: October 2023

Objective: Flow diverting stents (FDS) are increasingly used for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. While FDS can provide flow diversion of parent vessels, their high metal surface coverage can cause thromboembolism. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) emboli monitoring can be used to identify subclinical embolic phenomena after neurovascular procedures. Limited data exists regarding the use of TCDs for emboli monitoring in the periprocedural period after FDS placement. We evaluated the rate of positive TCDs microembolic signals and stroke after FDS deployment at our institution.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 105 patients who underwent FDS treatment between 2012 and 2016 using the Pipeline stent (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Patients were pretreated with aspirin and clopidogrel. All patients were therapeutic on clopidogrel pre-operatively. TCD emboli monitoring was performed immediately after the procedure. Microembolic signals (mES) were classified as “positive” (<15 mES/hour) and “strongly positive” (>15 mES/hour). Clinical stroke rates were determined at 2-week and 6-month post-operatively.Results: A total of 132 intracranial aneurysms were treated in 105 patients. TCD emboli monitoring was “positive” in 11.4% (n=12) post-operatively and “strongly positive” in 4.8% (n=5). These positive cases were treated with heparin drips or modification of the antiplatelet regimen, and TCDs were repeated. Following medical management modifications, normalization of mES was achieved in 92% of cases. The overall stroke rates at 2-week and 6-months were 3.8% and 4.8%, respectively.Conclusions: TCD emboli monitoring may help early in the identification of thromboembolic events after flow diversion stenting. This allows for modification of medical therapy and, potentially, preventionf of escalation into post-operative strokes.
Coil embolization and recurrence of ruptured aneurysm originating from hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery
Authors: Youn Susy , Park Sang Kyu , Kim Min Jeoung
Published: October 2023

Hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery (AchA) is an extremely rare congenital vascular variant that can be mistaken for other cerebral arteries. This case report presents a 38-year-old man who presented with a severe sudden-onset headache and was diagnosed with a ruptured aneurysm originating from a hyperplastic AchA. The aneurysm was successfully treated with coil embolization, but recurrence was detected after eight months, leading to additional surgical intervention. The discussion highlights the classification of hyperplastic AchA and emphasizes the importance of recognizing this anatomical variant to avoid complications during treatment. This case report underscores the need for awareness and understanding of hyperplastic AchA in the management of cerebral aneurysms.
Orbital angular momentum mode femtosecond fiber laser with over 100 MHz repetition rate
Authors: Wu Hang , Chen Liao , Li Shuai , Du Yu-Fan , Zhang Chi , Zhang Xin-Liang ,   Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: October 2023

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) lasers have potential applications in large capacity communication systems, laser processing, particle manipulation and quantum optics. OAM mode femtosecond fiber laser has become the research focus due to the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high peak power. At present, OAM mode femtosecond fiber lasers have made some breakthroughs in key parameters such as repetition frequency, pulse width, spectrum width, but it is difficult to achieve good overall performance. Besides, the repetition rate is tens of MHz at present. In this paper, a large-bandwidth mode coupler is made based on the mode phase matching principle. In coupler, the first order mode coupler with 3 dB polarization dependent loss is made by the technology of strong fused biconical taper, and the second order mode coupler with 0.3 dB polarization dependent loss is made by the technology of weak fused biconical taper. By combining the nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locking mechanism, OAM mode femtosecond fiber laser with over 100 MHz repetition rate is built. The achievement of the key parameters is attributed to the selection of dispersion shifted fibers that can accurately adjust intracavity dispersion. Comparing with traditional dispersion compensation fibers (DCF), the group velocity dispersion is reduced by an order of magnitude, so it can better adjust intracavity dispersion to achieve the indexes of large spectral bandwidth and narrow pulse width. In addition, the diameter of the fiber is 8 μm, which is the same as that of a single mode fiber. Comparing with DCF, the fusion loss can be ignored, so only a shorter gain Erbium-doped fiber is required, which ensures a shorter overall cavity length and achieves high repetition frequency. The experimental results show that the first order OAM mode fiber laser has 113.6 MHz repetition rate, 98 fs half-height full pulse width, and 101 nm 10 dB bandwidth. Second-order OAM mode fiber laser has 114.9 MHz repetition rate, 60 fs half-height full pulse width, and 100 nm 10 dB bandwidth. Compared with the reported schemes, our scheme has good performance in key parameters such as repetition rate, pulse width and spectral width. We believe that the OAM mode fiber laser with excellent performance is expected to be widely used in OAM communication, particle manipulation and other research fields.
Investigation of electronic structure and optoelectronic properties of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 using GGA+U method based on first-principle
Authors: Zhang Ying-Nan , Zhang Min , Zhang Pai , Hu Wen-Bo ,   School of Physics and Electronic Technology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
Published: October 2023

In this work, the formation energy, band structure, state density, differential charge density and optoelectronic properties of undoped β-Ga2O3 and Si doped β-Ga2O3 are calculated by using GGA+U method based on density functional theory. The results show that the Si-substituted tetrahedron Ga(1) is more easily synthesized experimentally, and the obtained β-Ga2O3 band gap and Ga-3d state peak are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the effective doping is more likely to be obtained under oxygen-poor conditions. After Si doping, the total energy band moves toward the low-energy end, and Fermi level enters the conduction band, showing n-type conductive characteristic. The Si-3s orbital electrons occupy the bottom of the conduction band, the degree of electronic occupancy is strengthened, and the conductivity is improved. The results from dielectric function ε2(ω) show that with the increase of Si doping concentration, the ability to stimulate conductive electrons first increases and then decreases, which is in good agreement with the quantitative analysis results of conductivity. The optical band gap increases and the absorption band edge rises slowly with the increase of Si doping concentration. The results of absorption spectra show that Si-doped β-Ga2O3 has the ability to realize the strong deep ultraviolet photoelectric detection. The calculated results provide a theoretical reference for further implementing the experimental investigation and the optimization innovation of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 and relative device design.
Optical fiber high-temperature pressure sensor with weak temperature sensitivity
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Jin-Yang , Mao Guo-Pei , Yang Yan , Gao Zhi-Qiang , Ma Cong , Zhong Xiang-Yu , Shi Qing ,   Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry, Beijing 100076, China
Published: October 2023

In aerospace, petrochemical, gas turbines and other high-temperature environments, pressure measurement of equipment has always been a challenge to be solved. The electrical high temperature pressure sensor has the problem of component failure in high temperature environment, and it is difficult to use in the high temperature environment for a long time. The detection device of the optical fiber sensor does not include electrical components, so it has the advantages of high working temperature, high measurement accuracy, anti-electromagnetic interference and so on. In order to use a sensor to measure pressure in high temperature environment, a temperature-weakly sensitive optical fiber micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensing technology is proposed. The technique uses extrisic Fabry-Pérot interference (EFPI) model. It uses the MEMS pressure chip to passively modulate the optical signal of the interference, and then realizes the pressure signal measurement. Among them, MEMS pressure sensitive chip is the core component of the sensor. The MEMS pressure sensitive chip adopts the design method of all solid state vacuum absolute pressure. Change in environmental pressure will deform the membrane. This phenomenon can cause change in the cavity of the EFPI cavity. Therefore, stress information can be obtained by measuring changes in EFPI cavity. The thermal stress and temperature parasitical response introduced by thermal expansion of the material are calculated by simulation. The influence of temperature signal on chip displacement is analyzed by the above results. On this basis, a prototype of high temperature pressure sensor is developed by combining the sub-micron white light interference response technology and low thermal stress packaging technology. In order to test the ability of the sensor to implement actual measurement, this paper carry out the pressure test and high temperature test respectively. When the pressure changes from 0 kPa to 100 kPa, the spectral intensity of the sensor output has a linear relationship with the pressure. During the temperature changing from 20–400 ℃, the spectral intensity of the sensor output does not change significantly. The experimental test results show that the pressure measurement of 0–100 kPa can be satisfied in the range of 20–400 ℃, and the measurement error introduced by temperature change is less than 4%. Therefore, the fiber pressure sensor can be used to measure the pressure in high temperature environment.
Theoretical research of toxic gases adsorbed by Mo-doped two-dimensional VS2 structure
Authors: Wang Xue-Bing , Tang Chun-Mei , Xie Zi-Han , Yu Rui , Yan Jie , Jiang Cheng-Le ,   College of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China,   Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Protection, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China,   National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Published: October 2023

As is well known, the leakage of four toxic gases, NO2, NH3, mustard gas and sarin greatly threaten the environment and human health. Among of them, mustard gas and sarin are two serious chemical and biological weapons agents, and exposure to a small amount can cause skin burns and immediate death. NO2 and NH3 are two common toxic pollutants produced by automobile exhaust, coal combustion and petrochemical industry. The presence of trace amounts of NO2 and NH3 gas in human tissues can cause serious respiratory diseases and damage human brain and other systems. Thus, it is very important to realize the rapid detection of NO2, NH3, mustard gas and sarin in academia and industry. In this study, we use density functional theory to investigate the ability of a transition metal Mo doped two-dimensional VS2 structure to detect the four representative toxic gases. The results reveal that Mo atom doping has a significant effect on the stability and gas-sensitivity of the VS2 structure. The Mo atom can be successfully doped on the S-vacancy in the two-dimensional VS2 structure. Compared with the undoped structure VS2, the doped structure Mo-VS2 has strong interaction with NO2, NH3, sarin, and mustard gas, realizing effective adsorption of them. The presence of Mo atom in the VS2 lattice changes the electronic structure of VS2, also modifies its band gap and density of states. The interaction between the Mo-VS2 structure and the target analytes depends strongly on the nature of the gas molecule. The binding energy values for NO2, NH3, mustard gas, and sarin on the Mo-VS2 are significantly higher than those on the pristine VS2, indicating stronger interaction between the Mo-VS2 structure and these gases. Our calculations show that the Mo atom in VS2 changes its electrical resistance after being exposed to the gases, which can be used to distinguish different gases. Moreover, differences in charge redistribution within the Mo-VS2 structure upon being exposed to different gases can be used to explain their differential gas-sensitivity. Our results can provide sufficient theoretical basis for experimental researchers to design and optimize the performances of sensors in practical applications.