bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 40 años del golpe. Historiografía crítica y pistas de investigación para (re) pensar la Unidad popular
Authors: Gaudichaud Franck
Published: November 2020

Cuarenta años después de la caída del Gobierno de Salvador Allende, el historiador posee innegablemente una mayor distancia crítica al momento de hacer surgir algunos de los paisajes de la verdad de este período conflictual y fundamental de la historia chilena. Con todo, hoy como ayer, los investigadores que se interesan en la Unidad Popular deben hacer frente a varias escuelas epistemológicas, que coexisten en torno a la interpretación de esos mil días de la revolución chilena. Basado en un amplio estudio bibliográfico, este artículo presenta las principales tendencias interpretativas existentes, recordando que, si los enfoques siguen siendo claramente diferenciados según los autores, la mayoría de las investigaciones han sido dominadas por una visión centrada esencialmente en el campo institucional y los partidos políticos. Por ello, este texto pretende mostrar todo el interés de realizar “un retorno a lo social” para entender este proceso histórico. Orientándose así, hacia estudios que den cabida e historicidad a las luchas sociales y a las acciones colectivas protestatarias existentes entre 1970 y 1973.
El germen de un nuevo proyecto social. Los intelectuales de las revistas Potada y Qué pasa. 1969-1980
Authors: González Mario
Published: November 2020

En el siguiente artículo se abordan dos publicaciones, revista Portada y Qué Pasa, fundadas por un cuerpo de intelectuales provenientes de un sector de la derecha. El análisis se inscribe en el contexto social, económico y político que se derivó a partir de las transformaciones impulsadas por el centro y la izquierda chilena a fines de los sesenta y comienzos de los setenta. Destacamos que mediante estas revistas este cuerpo de intelectuales fue formulando, embrionariamente, un proyecto social que devino bajo el régimen dictatorial en el establecimiento del neoliberalismo y la nueva democracia autoritaria, protegida y tecnificada que anunció el general Pinochet en Chacarillas en 1977.
Una vieja y olvidada relación económica: el trigo chileno en el Perú. Siglo XVIII-XIX
Authors: Cáceres Muñoz Juan
Published: November 2020

Este artículo centra su atención en el significado que tuvo el trigo para la economía chilena durante el siglo XIX. En este trabajo planteamos que, en el periodo, el viejo mercado peruano colonial no desapareció tras la lucha por la Independencia ni tampoco con los conflictos bélicos que el país tuvo que enfrentar con el Perú en 1836 en la llamada Guerra de la Confederación Peruano-Boliviana y, posteriormente en 1879 con la denominada Guerra del Pacífico. Por el contrario, el viejo mercado peruano no sólo se mantuvo en pie sino que además fue más importante que los mercados que se abrieron con Inglaterra, California y Australia. Se postula además que, más allá de los conflictos diplomáticos con Perú, la relación y la vida económica de ambos países no sólo fue estrecha en el pasado sino que además caminó a la par, casi de la mano.
Las monjas indígenas de Corpus Cristi en Nueva España. Etnicidad y espiritualidad en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Núñez Arancibia Rodrigo
Published: November 2020

RETRACTION:Revista Tiempo Histórico fue informada del plagio realizado por el sr. Christian Núñez Arancibia quien publicó bajo su nombre un artículo de Mónica Díaz titulado "The Indigenous Nuns of Corpus Christi: Race and Spirituality", editado originalmente por Susan Schroeder y Staffford Poole en el libro Religion in New Spain, (Albuquerque: New Mexico University Press, 2007), 179-192.Núñez Arancibia envió a distintas revistas de nuestro país, incluida Revista Tiempo Histórico, textos traducidos y plagiados de dicho libro. En nuestro caso el artículo fue evaluado por dos pares externos, quienes no percibieron el plagio debido a que el libro fue publicado en inglés y no fue de conocimiento de los evaluadores ni del comité editorial. Debido a lo señalado Tiempo Histórico eliminó el artículo del sitio web de la Revista. Dr. Milton Godoy Orellana.Editor responsableRevista Tiempo HistóricoUniversidad Academia de humanismo Cristiano.
Balleneros noruegos en el golfo del Corcovado: la planta de isla San Pedro, Chiloé (1909-1913)
Authors: Quiroz Daniel
Published: November 2020

La presencia de balleneros noruegos en las costas de Chiloé es uno de los hechos menos conocidos en la historia de la caza de ballenas en Chile. Aunque estuvieron solo cinco años, sus actividades dejaron huellas que permiten construir un relato, fragmentario sin duda, sobre sus principales características y así rescatarlos del olvido y de la niebla. La etnografía retrospectiva nos permite estudiar una sociedad del pasado utilizando “equivalentes históricos de las observaciones de los etnógrafos”. Los “recuerdos” y los “recortes” se unen para entretejer con los informes emitidos por estos “etnógrafos históricamente equivalentes” una historia sobre la actividad ballenera noruega en las costas de Chiloé.
DE LA GUERRA DEL CHACO A LA DICTADURA STRONISTA. ASCENSO DEL ACTOR MILITAR EN LA POLÍTICA Y EL DISCURSO NACIONALISTA DEL PARAGUAY
Authors: Couchonnal Ana
Published: November 2020

Este artículo analiza la Guerra del Chaco, conflicto bélico que enfrentó al Paraguay contra Bolivia entre 1932 y 1935, como momento clave de inflexión en el  proceso de constitución política del Paraguay y de consolidación del discurso nacionalista paraguayo. Sostenemos que la guerra del Chaco operó como  contrapunto histórico de la abrumadora derrota sufrida por el país durante la guerra de la Triple Alianza (1864-1870), lo que tuvo como efecto inmediato la  expansión efectiva del dominio nacional sobre gran parte del territorio chaqueño, de la mano del poder militar. De este modo, la guerra del Chaco contribuyó a configurar una arquitectura política e ideológica que completó la tarea iniciada tras el final de la primera guerra perdida, consolidando  el discurso identitario nacionalista y la presencia del actor militar en la escena nacional.

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes the Chaco War, which faced Paraguay and Bolivia between 1932 and 1935, as a key moment in the process of political constitution of  Paraguay and the consolidation of Paraguayan nationalist discourse. We argue that the Chaco War operated as a historical counterpoint of the overwhelming defeat suffered by the country during the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870), which had the immediate effect of an effective  expansion of the national domain over much of the Chaco territory, with the help of military power. Thus, the Chaco War contributed to shape a political  and ideological architecture that completed the task begun after the end of the first lost war, consolidating nationalist identity discourse and the presence of military actor on the national scene.
Line Henry, HABITER LES BEAUX QUARTIERS A SANTIAGO DU CHILI.
Authors: Nicolas Artero Chloé
Published: November 2020

revisión del libro: HABITER LES BEAUX QUARTIERS A SANTIAGO DU CHILI.
Luc Capdevila y Frédérique Langue, LE PASSÉ DES ÉMOTIONS . D´ UNE HISTOIRE A VIF AMERIQUE LATINE ET ESPAGNE
Authors: Durán Cid Daniela
Published: November 2020

Revisión del libro: LE PASSÉ DES ÉMOTIONS . D´ UNE HISTOIRE A VIF AMERIQUE LATINE ET ESPAGNE
PREVALÊNCIA, ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS E ANATOMOPATOLÓGICOS DE PARAGANGLIOMA DE CORPO AÓRTICO E CAROTÍDEO EM CÃES
Authors: Rezende Rodrigo Supranzetti de , Eurides Duvaldo , Coelho Humberto Eustáquio , Lacerda Moacir Santos , Sampaio Renato Linhares , Rezende Laryssa Costa , Oliveira Cayque Emmanuel de
Published: November 2020

Os paragangliomas ou quimiodectomas são neoplasias de quimiorreceptores, de crescimento lento e de comportamento frequentemente benigno, que ocorrem na base do coração, são incomuns, podendo ocorrer em cães e raramente em gatos e bovinos. A avaliação radiográfica e ultrassonográfica contribuem no diagnóstico do paraganglioma de corpo aórtico e carotídeo em cães, sendo necessárias maiores investigações semiológicas devido aos sinais clínicos inespecíficos. O Objetivo do presente artigo é relatar a ocorrência de paraganglioma de corpo aórtico e carotídeo em cães no período de 2004 a 2015 no hospital veterinário da Universidade de Uberaba, destacando-se os sinais clínicos, raça, idade, sexo e presença de metástases. Em um total de 225 exames histológicos de coração e vasos da base cardíaca realizados neste período, cinco cães (2,22%) foram diagnosticados como portadores de paraganglioma, sendo que duas (40%) eram fêmeas e três (60%) machos. A idade média de ocorrência foi de 10,4 ± 4,72 anos, não sendo observada uma predileção racial. Os paragangliomas de corpo aórtico representaram quatro (80%) dos tumores, enquanto os de corpo carotídeo representaram apenas um (20%). Os sinais clínicos foram variáveis por estarem relacionados com a compressão vascular local, com o comprometimento dos órgãos afetados e pela congestão venosa, com consequente aumento da pressão hidrostática e extravasamento de líquido para a cavidade torácica. Salienta-se que em um cão desenvolveu metástase hepática. Apesar da ocorrência incomum o paraganglioma deve ser incluído na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais de cardiopatia em cães.
SOROPREVALÊNCIA DE Toxoplasma gondii EM GATOS DOMICILIADOS EM PALOTINA, PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Souza Laura Zanella , Rodrigues Raquel Granato Alves , Oliveira Devielle Aline Dahmer de , Roman Juliane Laís , Zabott Marivone Valentim , Pinto Simone Benghi , Bittencourt Laura Helena França de Barros , Oyafuso Mônica Kanashiro
Published: November 2020

A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii, sendo uma das parasitoses mais difundidas mundialmente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência de anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii em gatos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da UFPR e em clínicas veterinárias do município de Palotina. Foram analisadas 100 amostras de soro sanguíneo, por meio da reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e juntamente foi feito um levantamento epidemiológico por meio de questionário, respondido pelos proprietários dos animais, com relação as condições de vida dos felinos, com a finalidade de caracterizar fatores associados ao risco de infecção por T. gondii nos animais estudados. As informações obtidas foram analisadas pelo programa Epi Info 3,05. A prevalência de anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii para a população analisada foi de 29% (29/100). Dentre as variáveis estudadas, o acesso à rua, a outras casas, ao telhado, a presença de pombos na residência, o hábito de caçar, o fato de comer restos de comida e a idade (acima de um ano), foram associadas significativamente com a presença da infecção pelo protozoário. As informações obtidas são relevantes para caracterizar fatores de risco e vias de transmissão da toxoplasmose nos animais estudados e elaborar estratégias para o controle e profilaxia da doença entre os felinos domésticos da região.
Strategi Pengembangan Agroindustri Kopi di Kabupaten Kerinci
Authors: Lamefa Dina Yuliasty , Sukardi Sukardi , Raharja Sapta
Published: November 2020

Coffee is one of the plantation products with significant importance in the economy of Kerinci Regency, and several obstacles have been reported in agroindustry development. This study is focused on designing a strategy to develop the industry in the region. The study was conducted in Kerinci Regency from January 2017 until October 2017. The data was collected by observation, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). In addition, research analysis used internal and external factor methods, internal and external matrices (IE Matrix), and SWOT matrices. The result show the value of the internal and external factors obtained to be 2,759 and 2,888, respectively. When mapped, the IE matrix value is in cell V (five). However, the suitable strategies are the growth and stability strategy, essential for market penetration and product development. Based on AHP analysis, the three main strategic priorities to be applied  are land expansion (0,230), guidance and facilitation of the market information (0,178), and infrastructure improvement (0,124)
FİZYOTERAPİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE DÜZEYLERİ İLE SAĞLIKLI YAŞAM BİÇİMİ DAVRANIŞLARININ İLİŞKİLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ŞAFAK Menekşe , (YILMAZ) BEKAR Zülal , BAŞKURT Zeliha , BAŞKURT Ferdi
Published: November 2020

Giriş:
Çalışmanın
amacı, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü’nde
öğrenim gören öğrencilerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi
davranışlarının belirlenmesi ve ilişkilendirilmesidir.

Gereç
ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Süleyman Demirel
Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören toplam 220 (kadın:149, erkek:71 ) fizyoterapi
öğrencisi gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin fiziksel aktivite
düzeylerini belirlemede “Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Değerlendirme Anketi”
(inaktif, minimum aktif ve aktif olarak MET yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir) kısa
formu kullanılırken, sağlıklı yaşam davranışlarının belirlenmesinde “Sağlıklı
Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği II” kullanılmıştır. Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi
Davranışları Ölçeği alt parametreleri; sağlık sorumluluğu (SS), fiziksel
aktivite (FA), beslenme (B), manevi gelişim (MG), kişilerarası ilişkiler (Kİ),
stres yönetimi (SY) olarak belirlenmiştir.

Bulgular:
İstatiksel
analizde tüm veriler için tanımlayıcı istatistik (ortalama ve standart
sapma)uygulanmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Fizyoterapi
öğrencileri toplam fiziksel aktivite düzeyi açısından minimum aktif olanlar
grubunda yer alırken (2102,34±1932,78), sağlıklı yaşam biçimi toplam puan
açısından da yüksek sayılabilecek bir puana (126,13±17,22) sahip oldukları bulunmuştur.
Yapılan Pearson Çarpımlar Moment Korelasyon analizi sonucunda araştırmaya
katılan öğrencilerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi
Davranışları Ölçeği’nin alt parametresi olan sağlık sorumluluğu (r=.094,
p=.165), beslenme(r=.118, p=.082), manevi gelişim (r=.125, p=.064),
kişilerarası ilişkiler (r=.051, p=.448) ve stres yönetimi (r=.075, p=.267)
arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile
Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği’nin alt parametresi olan fiziksel
aktivite (r=.368, p=.000) ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışı(r=.205, p=.002)
arasında anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç:
Çalışmadaki
bulgular Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Fizyoterapi
ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam davranışlarının fiziksel
aktivite düzeyini belirlemede etkin olduğu söylenilebilir.
Sosyal devlet perspektifinden Türkiye’de sosyal ve transfer harcamalarının iç ve dış borçlanma üzerinde etkisi
Authors: BOZÇELİK Emine Ebru
Published: November 2020

Gelişen ve değişen dünya düzeni ile birlikte refah devletinin ortaya çıkmasıyla devletin sosyal konularda üstlendiği görevler çeşitlilik kazanmış ve toplumda yarattığı etkileri açısından değişim göstermiştir. Günümüz refah devletinin bir sonucu olarak, sosyal adaletin hayata geçirilmesinde sosyal harcamalar önemli bir işlev görmüş ve devlet sosyal adaleti sağlamada sorumlu tutulmuştur. Devletten beklenen sosyal hizmetlerin artmasıyla birlikte, ek güvenceler, dezavantajlı gruba ve yoksullara yönelik olarak yapılan yardımlar, işsizlik tazminatı gibi sosyal amaçlı transfer harcamalarında da gözle görülür bir artış yaşanmıştır. Yaşanan bu zaman diliminde sosyal harcamaların GSYİH’daki payı giderek artmış ve sosyal amaçlı harcamaların normal kamu geliriyle karşılanamaması, vergi gelirlerinin yeterli olmaması durumunda, bu tür harcamaların finansmanı sorun olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmada sosyal devlet bağlamında 2010-2019 yılları arasında bütçe harcamaları veri analizi yapılmış ve bütçe harcamaları içerisinde sosyal harcamaların iç ve dış borçlanma üzerinde etkisi korelasyon yöntemi ile analiz edilmiş ve pozitif yönde ilişki tespit edildikten sonra hane halkına yapılan sosyal transfer harcamalar ve sosyal transfer harcamalar toplamı ile iç borç ve dış borç toplamına etkisi regresyon yöntemi ile analiz edilerek sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. 2010-2019 yılları arasında bütçe harcamaları verileri Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığının web sitesinden alınarak veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Sosyal harcamalarda ortaya çıkan bir artışın kamu borçlanmasını da arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
In Vitro Effect of Crude Extract from Traganum Nudatum on Glucose-Uptake in Liver Slices Isolated from Westar Rats
Authors: Mouderas Faiza
Published: November 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. There are many classes of drugs used for treatment, and these include insulin sensitizers, insulin secretagogues, and agents that delay the absorption of carbohydrates from the bowel. This study intends to investigate the effect of crude extract from a plant from South Algeria Traganum nudatum (Chenopodiaceae) on glucose uptake in liver slices isolated from Wistar rats. Methods: The liver slices were incubated for 90 min at 37° in normoglycaemic (1g/l of glucose) and hyperglycaemic (3g/l of glucose) KRBA Krebs Ringer Bicarbonate Albumin 4% media using 24 well-polyethylene plates. In each, well different concentrations of insulin (10, 50 and 100µU/ml) and hydromethanolic crude extract (100, 200 and 500µg/ml) were added. After every 30 minutes, aliquots of the culture media were assayed for the determination of glucose left. Results: Tests showed that the glucose left after 90 minutes in the media which contained insulin at 100µg/ml was the lowest (0.44 and 1.41 )g/l in the normo and hyperglycaemic media respectively, which reflect that insulin at this concentration was the most effective on the stimulation of glucose uptake. The extract had the highest effect at 500µg/ml, the concentrations of glucose left after 90 minutes of incubation were found to be (0.38 and 1.31)g/l in the normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic media respectively. Conclusion: From the obtained results, it can be concluded that our extract seems to have an insulin-like effect on glucose uptake in liver slices isolated from Wistar rats.
Tissue Expression of HSP27 in Prostate Cancer Is Correlated with the Aggressivity of Cancer in the Algerien Population
Authors:   Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de MicrobiologieAppliquées, Algerie, Bourefis Asma
Published: November 2020

Background: Prostate Cancer (CaP) is the second most common cancer in men and a major public health problem. Clinical outcomes at diagnosis are heterogeneous and difficult to predict, so predictive and diagnostic markers are needed. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as HSP27 are highly regulated in several malignant tumors. Basal HSP27 levels in most human tissues are low compared to high levels in tumors. Methods: In this work, we evaluated, in subjects with CaP, the levels of expression of the HSP27 antigen in tumor tissues and its association with tumor aggressiveness. The Immunohistochemical (IHC) method was used to determine the expression of HSP27 in 58 prostate cancer tissues and 4 prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Results: Tissue levels of HSP27 were significantly higher in patients with CaP than in BPH (QSM = 153.43±0; P<0.0001). In the case of aggressive cancer (Gleason score > 7), we found a very significant increase in HSP27 protein (QSM = 169.73±84.26; P<0.0001) compared to non-aggressive cancer (Gleason score ≤ 7) (QSM = 123.92± 91.36; P<0.001). Conclusion: Overexpression of HSP27 in the tissues of patients with CaP compared to patients with BPH may be of diagnostic and/or prognostic interest and maybe a therapeutic target in patients with prostate cancer.
RetroXpert: Decompose Retrosynthesis Prediction Like A Chemist
Authors: Yan Chaochao , Ding Qianggang , Zhao Peilin , Zheng Shuangjia , Yang Jinyu , Yu Yang , Huang Junzhou
Published: November 2020

Retrosynthesis is the process of recursively decomposing target molecules into available building blocks. It plays an important role in solving problems in organic synthesis planning. To automate the retrosynthesis analysis, many retrosynthesis prediction methods have been proposed.However, most of them are cumbersome and lack interpretability about their predictions.In this paper, we devise a novel template-free algorithm, RetroXpert, for automatic retrosynthetic expansion by automating the procedure that chemists used to do.Our method disassembles retrosynthesis into two steps: i) we identify the potential reaction center within the target molecule through a graph neural network and generate intermediate synthons; and ii) we predict the associated reactants based on the obtained synthons via a reactant generation model. While outperforming the state-of-the-art baselines by a significant margin, our model also provides chemically reasonable interpretation.
Accelerated Computation of Free Energy Profile at Ab Initio Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanics Accuracy via a Semiempirical Reference-Potential. 4. Adaptive QM/MM
Authors: Wang Jia-Ning , Liu Wei , Li Pengfei , Mo Yan , Hu Wenxin , Zheng Jun , Pan Xiaoliang , Shao Yihan , Mei Ye
Published: November 2020

Although Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) methods are now routinely applied to the studies of chemical reactions in condensed phases and enzymatic reactions, they may confront technical difficulties when the reactive region is varying over time. For instance, when the solvent molecules are participating in the reaction, the exchange of water molecules between the QM and MM regions may occur on a time scale that is comparable to that of the reaction. Several adaptive QM/MM schemes have been proposed to cope with this situation. However, these methods either significantly increase the computational cost or introducing unrealistic restraints to the system. In this work, we developed a novel adaptive QM/MM scheme and applied it to a study of the nucleophilic addition reaction. In this approach, the simulation was performed with a small QM region (without solvent molecules), and the thermodynamic properties under other potential energy functions with larger QM regions (with a different number of solvent molecules and/or different level of QM theory) are computed via extrapolation using the reference-potential method. The results show that this reweighting process is numerically stable, at least for the case studied in this work. Furthermore, this method also offers an inexpensive way to examine the convergence of the QM/MM calculation with respect to the size of the QM region.
Data-science driven autonomous process optimization
Authors: Christensen Melodie , Yunker Lars , Adedeji Folarin , Häse Florian , Roch Loic , Gensch Tobias , dos Passos Gomes Gabriel , Zepel Tara , Sigman Matthew , Aspuru-Guzik Alan , Hein Jason
Published: November 2020

Autonomous process optimization involves the human intervention-free exploration of a range of pre-defined process parameters in order to improve responses such as reaction yield and product selectivity. Utilizing off-the-shelf components, we developed a closed-loop system capable of carrying out parallel autonomous process optimization experiments in batch with significantly reduced cycle times. Upon implementation of our system in the autonomous optimization of a palladium-catalyzed stereoselective Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, we found that the definition of a set of meaningful, broad, and unbiased process parameters was the most critical aspect of a successful optimization. In addition, we found that categorical parameters such as phosphine ligand were vital to determining the reaction outcome. To date, categorical parameter selection has relied on chemical intuition, potentially introducing an element of bias into the experimental design. In seeking a systematic method for the selection of a diverse set of phosphine ligands fully representative of the chemical space, we developed a strategy that leveraged computed molecular descriptor clustering analysis. This strategy allowed for the successful autonomous optimization of a stereoselective Suzuki-Miyaura coupling between a vinyl sulfonate and an arylboronic acid to selectively generate the E-product isomer in high yield.
Transformer: Linking Atom Mapping and Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Zhang Chengyun , Wang Ling , Wu Yejian , Zhang Yun , Su An , Duan Hongliang
Published: November 2020

Atom mapping reveals the corresponding relationship between reactant and product atoms in chemical reactions, which is important for drug design, exploration for underlying chemical mechanism, reaction classification and so on. Here, we present a new method that links atom mapping and neural machine translation using the transformer model. In contrast to the previous algorithms, our method runs reaction prediction and captures the information of corresponding atoms in parallel. Meanwhile, we use a set of approximately 360K reactions without atom mapping information for obtaining general chemical knowledge and transfer it to atom mapping task on another dataset which contains 50K atom-mapped reactions. With manual evaluation, the top-1 accuracy of the transformer model in atom mapping reaches 91.4%. we hope our work can provide an important step toward solving the challenge problem of atom mapping in a linguistic perspective.
1-(Aminomethyl)-Trans-Cyclooct-4-Ene, a New TCO Derivative for Target Visualization and Target Engagement Measurement in Cells
Authors: Echalier Cécile , Rutkowska Anna , Thomson Douglas W. , Edwards Lee , McKay Blandine , Muelbaier Marcel , Schultz Carsten , Bergamini Giovanna
Published: November 2020

Click probes have enabled a thorough study of drug interactions in relevant disease models. Proper design of the probes, including the choice of the click moiety coupled to the drug, is crucial to ensure good performance and broad application. A new trans-cyclooctene derivative, amTCO, was synthesised using a phthalimide protecting group as a built-in photosensitiser for the cyclooctene isomerization. The 1-(aminomethyl)-trans-cyclooct-4-ene (amTCO) displays a primary amine group that facilitates conjugation with carboxylic acid or hydroxyl-containing compounds. It can help tuning the physical chemical properties of the resulting probes. An amTCO probe targeting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) was superior to a TCO variant. The new probe is an effective tool for visualizing IDO1 and measuring the binding affinities of small molecule inhibitors to IDO1 in cells.
Strong Electronic Coupling of Graphene Nanoribbons onto Basal Plane of Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Zoric Marija , Askins Erik , Qiao Xiaoxiao , Glusac Ksenija
Published: November 2020

The electrochemical behavior of graphene nanoribbons deposited onto glassy carbon electrode using pi-stacking interactions was investigated. We illustrate here that strong electronic communication could be achieved with basal plane of glassy carbon using simple electrochemical treatment.
Global Diastereoconvergence in the Ireland–Claisen Rearrangement of Isomeric Enolates: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted -Amino Acids
Authors: Fulton Tyler J. , Cusumano Alexander , Alexy Eric J. , Du Yun Emily , Zhang Haiming , Houk Kendall N , Stoltz Brian
Published: November 2020

A dual experimental/theoretical investigation of the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of tetrasubstituted a-phthalimido ester enolates to afford a-tetrasubstituted, b-trisubstituted a-amino acids (generally >20:1 dr) is described. For trans allylic olefins, the Z and E-enol ethers proceed through chair and boat transition states, respectively. For cis allylic olefins, the trend is reversed. As a result, the diastereochemical outcome of the reaction is preserved regardless of the geometry of the enolate or the accompanying allylic olefin. We term this unique convergence of all possible olefin isomers as global diastereoconvergence. This reaction manifold circumvents limitations in present-day technologies for the stereoselective enolization of a,a-disubstituted allyl esters. Density func- tional theory paired with state-of-the-art local coupled-cluster theory (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) was employed for the accurate determina- tion of quantum mechanical energies.
Surface Ligand Removal in Atomic Layer Deposition of GaN Using Triethylgallium
Authors: Deminskyi Petro , Hsu Chih-Wei , Bakhit Babak , Rouf Polla , Pedersen Henrik
Published: November 2020

Gallium nitride (GaN) is one of the most important semiconductor materials in modern electronics. While GaN films are routinely deposited by chemical vapor deposition at around 1000 °C, low-temperature routes for GaN deposition need to be better understood. Herein, we present an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for GaN-based on triethyl gallium (TEG) and ammonia plasma and show that the process can be improved by adding a reactive pulse between the TEG and ammonia plasma, making it an ABC-type pulsed process. We show that the material quality of the deposited GaN is not affected by the B-pulse, but that the film growth per ALD cycle increase when a B-pulse is added. We suggest that this can be explained by removal of ethyl ligands from the surface by the B-pulse, enabling a more efficient nitridation by the ammonia plasma. We show that the B-pulsing can be used to enable GaN deposition with a thermal ammonia pulse, albeit of X-ray amorphous films.
Autoimmune gastritis: from symptom to diagnosis. Clinical observations
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia, Livzan Maria A. , Krolevets Tatyana S. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia, Mozgovoy Sergey I. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia, Kostoglod Tatyana V. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia, Kostoglod Anna V. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: November 2020

В статье представлено 4 клинических случая аутоиммунного гастрита. Мы рассмотрели клинические и лабораторно-инструментальные данные с целью определения ключевых показателей, характерных для данного заболевания. Обсуждены ведущие симптомы, принципы диагностики и лече-ния аутоиммунного гастрита. «Золотым стандартом» диагностики аутоиммунного гастрита остается эзофагогастродуоденоскопия с биопсией по OLGA-system, позволяющая определить не только стадию и степень атрофии слизистой оболочки желудка, но и наличие предраковых изменений, требующих постоянного динамического наблюдения за пациентом. Наиболее важным для постановки диагноза является обнаружение при морфо-логическом исследовании признаков метапластической и неметапластической атрофии желез преимущественно тела желудка наряду с гиперпла-зией нейроэндокринных клеток. Подтвердить диагноз также помогает серологическая диагностика для определения аутоантител класса иммуно -глобулина G к париетальным клеткам и внутреннему фактору Кастла. Ключевые слова: аутоиммунный гастрит, клинические случаи, атрофия слизистой оболочки желудка, гиперплазия нейроэндокринных клеток, ан-титела к париетальным клеткам. Для цитирования: Ливзан М.А., Кролевец Т.С., Мозговой С.И. и др. Аутоиммунный гастрит: от симптома к диагнозу. Клинические наблюдения. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (8): 78–84. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.8.200037
The effectiveness of adding butyric acid to antispasmodic therapy regimens for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of controlled studies
Authors:   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia, Andreev Dmitrii N. , Kucheryavyy Yury A. ,   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia, Cheremushkin Sergei V. ,   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia, Maev Igor V. ,   Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

Цель. Систематизация данных об эффективности включения масляной кислоты в схемы спазмолитической терапии синдрома раздраженного ки-шечника (СРК) в рамках метаанализа. Методы. Поиск исследований проводился в электронных базах данных MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Российский индекс научного цити-рования до июня 2020 г. Все контролируемые исследования, сравнивающие эффективность купирования абдоминальной боли у пациентов с СРК при применении комбинации масляной кислоты и стандартной спазмолитической терапии, включались в итоговый анализ. Результаты. Нами были отобраны 8 контролируемых исследований (все из России) с участием 708 пациентов (412 – в группах с комбинированной терапией масляной кислотой и спазмолитиком; 296 – в группах с монотерапией спазмолитиком). Обобщенная эффективность купирования абдо-минальной боли в группах комбинированной терапии составила 76,31% (95% доверительный интервал – ДИ 71,947–80,298), тогда как в группах с монотерапией – 33,58% (95% ДИ 28,294–39,199). Метаанализ показал, что добавление масляной кислоты к спазмолитической терапии достоверно повышает эффективность достижения полного регресса абдоминальной боли у пациентов с СРК (отношение шансов 5,995, 95% ДИ 4,282–8,395, p<0,001) в сравнении с монотерапией. Значимой гетерогенности между результатами исследований выявлено не было (p=0,3335; I2=12,38%). Заключение. Настоящий метаанализ продемонстрировал, что включение масляной кислоты в схемы спазмолитической терапии СРК значимо уве-личивает частоту купирования абдоминальной боли. Ключевые слова: синдром раздраженного кишечника, масляная кислота, бутират, спазмолитик, боль, висцеральная гиперчувствительность. Для цитирования: Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А., Черемушкин С.В., Маев И.В. Эффективность включения масляной кислоты в схемы спазмоли-тической терапии синдрома раздраженного кишечника: метаанализ контролируемых исследований. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (8): 27–31. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.8.200194
Endoscopic stenting for malignant esophago-respiratory fistulas
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Russia, Ivanov Aleksej I. , Ivanov Aleksej I. ,   Republican Oncology Clinical Dispensery, Kazan, Russia, Popov Vladimir A. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Russia, Popov Vladimir A. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia, Burmistrov Mihail V. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Russia, Burmistrov Mihail V. ,   Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia
Published: November 2020

Более 70% всех случаев злокачественных свищей возникает у пациентов с распространенным раком пищевода. Частота их возникновения при неоперабельном раке пищевода увеличилась за последние 30 лет более чем на 10%, что обусловлено более широким применением современных паллиативных методов лечения. Стентирование пищевода у данной тяжелой группы больных является эффективным методом выбора с низкими показателями осложнений. В статье приведены результаты имплантации пищеводных стентов под видеоэндоскопическим контролем при злока-чественных эзофагореспираторных свищах в условиях Республиканского клинического онкологического диспансера за период с 2011 по 2019 г. Стенты имплантированы 22 больным с разной злокачественной патологией. В статье проведен анализ сроков и факторов возникновения свищей, а также возникших осложнений, способов их профилактики и методов эндоскопической коррекции. Выполнен анализ продолжительности жизни в зависимости от возраста больных, основного заболевания, локализации и сообщения злокачественных свищей. Успешная имплантация достиг-нута в 19 случаях. Осложнения отмечены в 5 случаях. Средняя продолжительность жизни больных составила 52 дня. Стентирование пищевода при злокачественных фистулах пищевода и пищеводных анастомозах является эффективным методом выбора паллиативного лечения. Ключевые слова: рак пищевода, эзофагореспираторный свищ, стентирование. Для цитирования: Иванов А.И., Попов В.А., Бурмистров М.В. Эндоскопическое стентирование при злокачественных пищеводно-респираторных фистулах. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (8): 32–35. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.8.200283
Analysis of the effectiveness of using crurorhaphy as a basic technique of laparoscopic plastics of hernia of the esophageal aperture of the diaphragm
Authors:   Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russia, Rozenfel'd Igor I.
Published: November 2020

На основании лечения 406 пациентов, имеющих диагноз «грыжа пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы» (ГПОД) и перенесших хирургическое вмеша-тельство в рамках пилотного этапа исследования с 2014 по 2017 г., были собраны данные, представленные в статье. Показаны сравнительные ре-зультаты крурорафии пациентов, имеющих выраженные малую и большую ГПОД. Ключевые слова: малые грыжи пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы, большие грыжи пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы, крурорафия, лапароско-пическая пластика, техника операции. Для цитирования: Розенфельд И.И. Анализ эффективности использования крурорафии как базовой техники лапароскопической пластики грыж пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (8): 36–40. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.8.200329
An Analysis of the Role of Higher Education Opportunity Expansion in Social Stratification
Authors: Lulu Ma , Cuilan Zhao
Published: November 2020

With higher education entering the public’s vision, the expansion of higher education opportunities has gradually become a hot topic. The lower class is eager to achieve class mobility through this opportunity, while the upper class firmly grasps the few high-quality places in higher education. What role will the expansion of higher education opportunities plays in the overall social stratification? This paper discusses the impact of the expansion of higher education opportunities on social stratification from the upper class and the lower class.
Analysis of the Impact of China’s Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia on Chinese Enterprises’ Performance
Authors: Ying Zhao
Published: November 2020

The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia has affected almost all industries and enterprises. This paper analyzes the impact of the epidemic on the macro economy through GDP and other indicators, analyzes the impact of the epidemic on the overall business performance of the enterprises through the asset turnover speed index of the above scale industrial enterprises, and analyzes the impact of the epidemic on the net profit of the listed companies through the first quarter performance forecast of the listed companies. At last, the paper puts forward that enterprises should improve their awareness and ability to resist risks.
Learning Effect and Productivity Convergence of Chinese Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Tinghua Liu , Jingru Wang , Xiao Liu
Published: November 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to test the production efficiency of different Chinese property industrial enterprises. Based on the large sample panel data of industrial enterprises of the National Bureau of Statistics, we found that although the production efficiency of China-funded enterprises is generally weaker than foreign-funded enterprises, some China-funded enterprises have better learning ability. On the one hand, dynamic analysis found that private enterprises have significant learning ability. On the other hand, the results of convergence analysis show that China’s private enterprises have the potential to gradually catch up with the frontier level of world production efficiency and have better learning ability to catch up potential. And state-owned enterprises tend to be more efficient at the beginning of their establishment, but their productivity is fairly slow to improve, especially for state-owned enterprises with high efficiency sub-samples, so that it’s hard for them to continue improving their efficiency. Institutional analysis found that the marketization process helped the China enterprises to improve their learning ability and China should continue to strengthen the reform of property rights and promote the marketization process.
Research on the importance of monetary work to the political development of the Western Hunan and Hubei base areas
Authors: Wei Jun
Published: November 2020

Abstract: during the seven years revolution in the Western Hunan Hubei revolutionary base, currency experienced four stages of construction and development, and became the economic tool of revolutionary regime, and made considerable contribution; however, the importance of politics to financial work is obvious here. Due to the mistakes caused by the left leaning in the revolutionary work, the monetary work in the revolutionary base area in Western Hunan and Hubei has been seriously affected The final result of the influence is to withdraw from the circulation field with the transfer of the main body of the revolutionary team.
构建数字语言实验室体系的现状分析——以学生自主学习能力为培养目标
Authors: 许 欣
Published: November 2020

随着时代的发展，社会对人才的要求也越来越高，当前高素质人才缺乏的现象仍然较为普遍。当然，高素质的人才必须具备自主学习的能力，尤其是一些高素质的科研人才，他们需要通过大量的实验提高自身的科学素养。针对高素质人才自主学习能力的培养，需要结合现代化人才的教育情况进行深入分析。
让文化“活”起来：文化类综艺节目的突围之策
Authors: 孟 婷
Published: November 2020

在重塑文化自信、弘扬和传承中华民族优秀传统文化这一宏观背景下，中国各大电视台纷纷推出文化综艺类节目，其不仅为传统的综艺市场增添活力，更对提升大众的审美产生了重要的意义和促进作用。之所以这些文化综艺类节目能产生这般作用，关键就在于其围绕中华民族的优秀传统文化，在综艺节目形式、内容、主题等方面进行了创新。论文试图围绕这种创新策略，展开具体论述。
新课程改革背景下高中英语教学的思考
Authors: 费 天霞
Published: November 2020

随着中国经济的快速发展，国家越来越重视新课程改革背景下高中英语教学工作。为了进一步提升高中英语教学质量，需要根据实际情况改善原有教育教学方式，创新教育教学理念，制定针对性的管控措施，对教学工作中存在的英语教学缺陷进行着重分析。因此，论文主要针对新课程改革背景下高中英语教学工作进行简要分析，并提出合理化建议。
基于市场需求的环境艺术设计教学改革分析
Authors: 张 瑞云
Published: November 2020

市场经济发展迅速，普通民众对公园、景观、建筑等环境艺术有了更高的审美和需求，这让环境艺术设计教学有了新的任务和目标。论文在此环境下对环境艺术设计教学的现状进行了阐述，并对其改革措施进行了探讨分析。
中华优秀传统文化的出新思路与教育方向
Authors: 胡 伟
Published: November 2020

中华传统文化要传承和发展，首先要确立传统文化的新思路，使历史悠久的中华传统文化与时俱进。需要准确把握中华优秀传统文化的本质特征，针对现代工业社会文化的弊端，展望后现代社会文明发展的走向，提取中华传统文化的优秀基因，结合社会建设实践，赋予优秀基因以新时代精神，并通过教育使之发扬光大，重建中华文化的新辉煌。
高职院校信息技术课程分层教学改革研究与实践
Authors: 马 桂芳
Published: November 2020

对高职院校教学工作来讲，信息技术课程是对学生进行 IT 职业素养提升及培训的最主要课程内容之一，尤其是在当前时代发展背景下，随着信息技术的不断发展，信息技术课程的重要性越来越突出。因此，论文针对我校开展信息技术课程教学工作中存在的问题为出发点，对分层教学改革的工作途径及方法进行论述，从而尝试提高信息技术课程教学工作水平。
“项目驱动”教学法在田径课程教学中的实践研究
Authors: 郭 宝军 , 唐 杨
Published: November 2020

随着社会不断发展，并向既有广度又有深度的趋势发展，对人才的质量及综合能力提出了更高的要求。学校教育作为培养社会主义建设者和接班人的主要阵地，培养什么样的人要与国家、社会发展的需求高度统一，教学改革无疑是能让两者不断互相统一的最佳途径，革新教学观念、改革教学内容、创新教学方法是现今教学改革的趋势。田径课程作为体育教育专业的主干课程，同时也是学习其他技术的基础课程，在教学培养计划中占有重要位置。但墨守成规缺乏创新导致本来就以“枯燥乏味”著称的田径课在诸多高校体育课程发展中处于“有名无实”的尴尬处境。论文主要以项目驱动教学法试图拓宽田径教学的途径，使之能摆脱“枯燥乏味”的魔咒，进而能适应学生发展需求，为以后的田径教学提供一定的理论参考。
师范生“三位一体”协同培养机制构建的困境及相应举措
Authors: 侯 超杰
Published: November 2020

师范生“三位一体”协同培养机制已经成为中国教师教育改革与研究的基本方向。为培养更优质的师资，为实现政府、高校、中小学协同合作协同培养优质师资的教育目标，各地都在进行“三位一体”协同培养机制的积极探索。论文从师范生“三位一体”协同培养机制构建的背景及成效方面入手，对师范生“三位一体”协同培养机制构建过程中的困境进行分析，并提出相应的解决措施，以期为建立师范生“三位一体”协同培养长效机制提供一定参考。
优化家庭作业布批，培养学生自主学习能力
Authors: 刘 飞超
Published: November 2020

小学数学家庭作业，既是课堂教学的延伸，又是培养学生自主学习、灵活运用所学知识的有效途径。它的优化设计既能激发学生产生新的学习动机，又能使学生乐学、会学，从而培养创新意识和能力。但是，目前小学数学家庭作业的布置、批改存在着很多问题，对学生来说家庭作业成了学习的负担。为了落实《潍坊市教育局等 5 部门关于印发 < 潍坊市切实减轻中小学生课外负担专项行动实施方案 > 的通知》（潍教字〔2018〕15 号）、《关于建立完善义务教育学校作业管理基本制度的通知》（潍教函〔2018〕136 号）等要求，笔者结合我校数学“自主、合作、探究、练习”的课堂模式对学生的家庭作业，提出了自己的观点。论文对优化家庭作业布批、激发学生自主学习的能力进行了探索。
高校古典音乐双语课教改启示录——以华中科技大学艺术学院为例
Authors: 王 美春
Published: November 2020

论文旗帜鲜明地提出在 985 理工类高校尝试用古典音乐双语课激发广大学子的创新型思维的新观点。教师采用美国 IVY University 原文教材《Listening To Muisc》授课，培养学子逐渐亲近室内乐、交响乐、芭蕾舞和歌剧，聆听古典音乐作品，喜欢并乐于记住旋律的新思维，从而抛弃一直以来习惯，即用左脑科学脑思维的旧模式，尝试性探索采用右脑艺术脑思考问题的新模式。学生从以往对带词音乐的依赖，上升到分析和欣赏不带任何歌词的古典音乐的新境界，并从感性认知跃升至理性认知。不仅如此，通过这场教学革命，学生能窥见西方学者内心深处最重要的思维方式。这种右脑艺术脑思维模式是西方人创新与发明的前奏，985 高校学生唯有先掌握才能懂得其中的奥妙。
刍议中国东北古代民族史研究的几个问题
Authors: 高 畅键
Published: November 2020

中国东北地区幅员辽阔，历史悠久，自秦汉开始，则进入多民族相继兴起和交流融合的重要时期。论文参照金毓黻先生“东北民族系统表”绘出“东北古代民族源流示意表”，然后以此为线索，将表中所列华夏——汉族、肃慎、濊貊、东胡四大族系之众多民族的发展历程和相互关系进行了系统的简略梳理。由此说明，中国东北地区及东北民族在我们统一的多民族国家的形成和发展过程中所占据的重要地位和所做出的突出贡献是不可替代的。
Income Tax – Incentive Deduction for Increased Exports of Goods
Authors: Prebble John
Published: November 2020

No description supplied
ETHNOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF CEREMONIES HELD AT THE PILGRIMS OF THE JIZZAKH OASIS
Authors:   Dzhizak state pedagogical  institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Akchayev Farrux
Published: November 2020

In this article, based on the analysis of scientific literature and ethnos of social research, only typical types of rituals for the oasis are discussed, as well as the process of their conduct, ritual dishes, objects used in the ritual, their color and number,reflecting ethnolocal features
FORMATION OF COOPERATIVES AND ITS FEATURES IN UZBEKISTAN UNDER THE SOVIET UNION
Authors:   Namangan State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Dadamirzaeva Gulchekhra
Published: November 2020

The article describes the formation of textile, agricultural, credit and craft cooperatives in the conditions of Soviet construction, opinions on cooperatives of small producers and the functioning of the system. Also provides information on the activities of the ooperative
ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF THE PRINT OF AFGHANISTAN ON BUKHARA
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Orziyev Makhmud
Published: November 2020

In the article the formation of the mass media in Afghanistan, establishment of printing facilities, the first Afghan media outlet "Shams an-nakhar" and its brief description, the aspects praising the emir of Afghanistan Sheralikhan, the impact of the enlightenment movement of Afghanistan to Bukhara, the insolvency of the this media outlet during the Anglo-Afghan war, the launch of "Siraj al-Akhbar Afghania" newspaper,the processes of infiltration of this newspaper to emirate of Bukhara and the Turkistanregion, some info on the editing and printing issues in Afghanistan appearing in the localmedia of Bukhara, architectonics of the newspaper "Siraj al-Akhbar Afghania", itspropagation of independence, the solidarity of Muslims, its propagation of independence,its prohibition in the governorship-general of Turkestan and the emirate of Bukhara, the contemporary location where the newspaper is preserved, the issues related with printing under the name "Amani Afghan" are revealed thoroughly based on the mass media outlets
LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR LABOUR MIGRATION BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN:PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Scientific and Enlightenment Complex named after the First President The Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov, Salimov Sherzod , Achilov Firdavs
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the processes of labor migration on the basis of the inter-parliamentary approach. The chronological circle of the article covers the years of independence,highlighting the problems of labor migration.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF TEA IN THE MARKETS OF TURKESTAN IN THE XIX-XX CENTURIES
Authors:   Karshi State University Of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mamatova Maxfuza
Published: November 2020

This article deals with the general description of tea in the markets of Turkestan,provides an overview of the history of our country in the XIX-XX centuries, which based on archival materials and sources. This article tells about the types and varieties of tea consumed by our people, about the different types of tea that replace tea, where they were brought from, the meanings of their historical names and the consumption that was loved by our people.
SOME REVIEWS ON THE ECONOMIC REGION OF FERGANA(1960-1980)
Authors:   Kokand State Pedagogical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Yusupova Gulola
Published: November 2020

The policy of the Soviet state's economic management is linked to zoning, and Uzbekistan has a special importance among the economic regions of the country. Apart from cotton in the Ferghana economic district, where most of the agricultural products are produced, special attention is paid to silkworm breeding. The article analyzes the role of the Ferghana region in various sources and publications
TOPONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF KHATAK AND DAHPARAKENT VILLAGES
Authors:   Termez State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Rakhimov Bahodir , Yormatov Fakhriddin
Published: November 2020

In the toponymic sources, the geographical location of Khatak and Dahparakent, the origin, natural and social foundations of names, and the location of the place by the population are scientifically elaborated
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL LIFE IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF UZBEKISTAN (1946-1960)
Authors:   Termez State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Kholmuminov Husan
Published: November 2020

This article explores the problems of the demographic development of the population in the development of cotton fields in the southern regions of Uzbekistan. It also scientifically analyzes the problems of creating industrial enterprises in the southern regions and staffing their activities.