bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Levocetirizine in albino rats
Authors: Sonawane Dipti R. , Jaju Jugalkishor B. , Pawar Ganesh R. , Gosavi Punam A.
Published: July 2019

Background: Levocetirizine, the R-enantiomer of Cetirizine has pharmacokinetically and pharmacodynamically favourable characteristics, with rapid onset of action, high bioavailability, high affinity for and occupancy of the H1-receptor, limited distribution, minimal hepatic metabolism together with minimal side effects. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used for many years for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and more recently in the case of aspirin, antithrombotic purposes. Because of the significant side effect profiles of steroidal and NSAID medications, there is a greater interest in newer compounds such as antihistaminic drugs. This article will consider the potential or otherwise of the reported analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of levocetirizine to enhance its effectiveness in the treatment of allergic disease with pain.Methods: Albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150-250 grams were used. For both Analgesic activity and Anti-inflammatory activity, 4 groups consisting of 6 animals per group were used. Group I: Control: 1% Gum acacia. 2ml/kg, Group II: Standard drug: Diclofenac sodium 4.5mg/kg; Group III: Test Drug 1: Levocetirizine 1mg/kg; Group IV: Test Drugs 2: Levocetirizine 1mg/kg+Diclofenac sodium 4.5mg/kg. Drugs were administered orally. For analgesic activity, Tail clip method and Hot plate method was used. For acute anti-inflammatory activity Carrageenan induced rat paw oedema method was used.Results: Levocetirizine, is found to have significant analgesic activity in rats (1 mg/kg dose) alone and in combination with Diclofenac Sodium in Haffner’s Tail Clip method and Eddy’s Hot Plate Method. Levocetirizine also has got prominent anti-inflammatory activity in acute models evidenced by percentage inhibition of acute rat paw oedema.Conclusions: Levocetirizine possess analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory activity alone and in combination with Diclofenac sodium.
Assessment of quality of life measured by rhinoconjuctivits quality of life questionnaire in patients of allergic rhinitis treated with commonly used oral antihistaminics
Authors: Pentewar Ganesh S. , Wagh Ranjit J.
Published: July 2019

Background: Nasal and non-nasal symptoms in allergic rhinitis (AR) can be assessed by measuring health related quality of life (HRQOL). Present study was to assess the impact of use of antihistaminic in AR which will affect the work productivity, sleep, frequent visits to health care professional and expenditure on medicines. For this evaluation, Rhinoconjuctivits Quality Of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) has been used.Methods: In this study 52 patients with AR were randomized in an open-label, 4-arm, parallel group, single center study. Questionnaire information was obtained about allergy-related RQLQ. Subjects received either Tablet Cetirizine 5 mg, Levocetirizine 5 mg, Loratidine 5 mg or Fexofenadine 120 mg. Changes from baseline until the end of study visit (1 week following) were evaluated by RQLQ.Results: When compared between treatment groups using one-way ANOVA it was observed that there is no variation in RQLQ overall Score in all the four treatment groups and there is no difference from treatment to treatment. Overall RQLQ score was reduced maximum in Levocetirizine group. Individual symptoms of RQLQ that is sleep score, non-hay fever, practical problem, nasal symptom score, Eye symptom Score, activities Score, and emotion score were also improved in the Levocetirizine group.Conclusions: Patients of all four study groups showed an improved perception of their HRQL according to the RQLQ. Significant improvements are reported in nasal symptoms, daily activities, sleep and psychological impact. Our results provide support for an AR and its impact on quality of life. Our recommendation stipulating that levocetirizine is superior to rest drug group for the treatment of AR with safety and tolerability.
A study on prescribing errors in in-patients of a corporate tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Yadav Ashish , Rashed Mohammed R.
Published: July 2019

Background: Prescribing errors are a subset of medication errors which have a potential for grave harm to the patient. Identification and acknowledgement of such errors can ameliorate much of this danger. Studies of prescribing errors are sparse in India. Such studies, whatever have been conducted, mainly focus on the out-patients or the patients on discharge. Hence, this study was undertaken to study the prescribing errors in prescriptions generated for patients admitted in wards of a corporate hospital in North India.Methods: The prescriptions for in-patients admitted in wards were analyzed for different types of prescribing errors in individual drug orders and prescription as a whole.Results: The prescribing error rate was found to be 3.3% in this study. Of all errors, errors leading to delays in patient care (i.e. Errors of prescription writing) (54.54%) and erroneous copying of the prescription to the drug chart by junior/ resident doctors (Transcription errors) (31.31%) were found to be the major causes of prescribing errors in this study. Of the former category, prescribing a wrong strength (24.24%) and illegible drug orders (12.12%) were the most numerous error subtypes. Errors leading to sub-optimal patient care (i.e. Errors of decision making) were least identified of which Therapeutic duplication (12.12%) was the most common subtype.Conclusions: The error rate found in this study is comparable to the data available from developed countries. However, there are significant differences in the occurrences of error subtypes found in this study as compared to the studies of the west.
Randomized, single blinded comparative study of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor augmentation with olanzapine v/s amisulpride for obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Raichandani O. P. , Chaturvedi J. N.
Published: July 2019

Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) as an anxiety disorder. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered to be most effective and are the first line pharmacotherapy for the treatment of OCD. However, about 40-60% of OCD patients fail to respond to SSRI mono-therapy. Further, as many as 25% of patients fails to experience any improvement from initial SSRIs mono-therapy. For non-responder’s low dose augmentation with antipsychotics (risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, aripirazole, amisuplride etc.) has shown promising response, as compared to serotonin enhancers. The present study is designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and adverse drug reactions of these two antipsychotics viz. Olanzapine and amisulpride as augmentation strategy in OCD patients. Objective of present study was to compare the efficacy of olanzapine and amisulpride as add on therapy for inadequately controlled obsessive-compulsive disorder patients on selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor.Methods: the present study was done at Medical College Jabalpur (M.P.) in the department of Psychiatry & Pharmacology. It was randomized, patient blinded study. 47 patients were screened for the study out of which 36 were enrolled and randomized into either SSRI+Olanzapine or SSRI+Amisulpride group. The patients were evaluated at baseline and then biweekly for 12 weeks to assess the efficacy of these drugs as augmentation strategy using Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).Results: There was a significant improvement in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score and Clinical Global impression-Improvement (CGI-I) score in both the groups but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in either of these groups on these three scale. No serious adverse drug reaction was reported in either of these groups.Conclusions: Both olanzapine and amisulpride are efficacious and well tolerated for augmentation of SSRI with no significant difference in their efficacy.
Antimicrobial prescribing patterns in surgical inpatient of tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Gupta Sumit Kumar , Ghosh Siddhartha
Published: July 2019

Background: Antimicrobials form the cornerstone of prescriptions for treating infection. Surgical management cannot be possible without the use of antibiotics. Severity of infection, suspected spectrum of organisms and their sensitivity, co-morbidities of the patient, route of antibiotic administration are the important parameter to consider before selecting antibiotic.Methods: Cross-sectional, hospital based, descriptive study was conducted in the ward of Surgery Department of IQ City Medical college, Durgapur over a period of 1 year. The relevant information was entered into the pretested preformats (containing name, age, sex, diagnosis, ongoing treatment as recorded from patients’ prescription slips or CRFs) and analyzed. Necessary permission was granted by the Institutional Ethical Committee and written informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to collecting their prescription slips/CRF.Results: Commonest cause of hospitalization was cholelithiasis (318 (32.7%)). Antimicrobials were the most commonly prescribed drugs (1626 (31.6%)). Single antibiotic prescribing frequency are similar to two antibiotic prescribing (both 44%). Piperacillin+Tazobactum combination most commonly prescribe antibiotic.Conclusions: Beta lactam antibiotic specifically Piperacillin (ATC class: J01D) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic agents both before and after surgical procedures.
Evaluation of opioid sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and pregabalin using acute pain model in male wistar rats
Authors: R. Sudar Codi , . Sumina , N. Uma , K. Manimekalai
Published: July 2019

Background: Adjuvant analgesics are added to pain management regimen to reduce opioid consumption and minimise their side effect. Newer ones like dexmedetomidine and pregabalin have not been thoroughly researched. Objectives of the study to study the opioid sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and pregabalin using tail flick and hot plate method in male wistar rats.Methods: Forty two rats were grouped into seven groups with six in each group. Analgesic activity was tested using tail flick, where in the reaction time to flick its tail on a heated surface was noted. In the hot plate method, the reaction time to withdraw or lick the paws when placed on heated surface was noted.Results: The reaction time to flick its tail was prolonged with dexmedetomidine and pregabalin when combined with opioids even in sub therapeutic doses.Conclusion: Adjuncts like dexmedetomidine and pregabalin can be very useful  in mutimodal pain management and also to reduce the opioid consumption.
Neonatal necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Marwah Ashish , Marwah Poonam , Kumar Sunil
Published: July 2019

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon rapidly spreading infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue with systemic toxicity and fulminant course. The disease though relatively uncommon in pediatric and neonatal age group carries a high mortality unless diagnosed early and treated aggressively. Mono-microbial pseudomonas infection causing neonatal NF is a rarity and we, therefore, present one such neonate with fatal NF due to pseudomonas sepsis.
Incidence of complications following umbilical vein catheterisation in neonates
Authors: Chinnaswamy Kannan , Chandramohan Anandhi , Kadirvel Karthikeyan , Palanisamy Soundararajan
Published: July 2019

Background: Umbilical vein catheter (UVC) insertion in newborns has life threatening complications like Catheter related bloodstream infections (CRBSI), Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and other mild complications. This study has been done to assess the incidence and risk factors of complications in neonates with umbilical vein catheterisation.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in neonates admitted to a South Indian tertiary care hospital between January 2017- June 2018.Results: Umbilical vein catheterisation was done for 65 neonates, of them 46 completed the study. One neonate (2%) developed CRBSI and none of them developed PVT in both baseline and follow up scans. Minor complications noted were repositioning in 26%, umbilical site leak in 23%, reattempts in 19%, catheter block in 13%, periumbilical erythema in 6% and umbilical site bleed in 2%. There was no statistical significance between minor complications and baseline study characteristics.Conclusions: Although UVC is a common and easy vascular access, it is not without complications. Incidence of serious complications following umbilical vein catheterisation is low when proper technique and sterile precautions are followed. However, the occurrence of mild complications following UVC insertion is high.
Brown Adipose Tissue Remodeling Precedes Cardiometabolic Abnormalities Independent of Overweight in Fructose-Fed Mice
Authors: TQ Machado , DC Pereira-Silva , LF Goncalves , C Fernandes-Santos
Published: July 2019

Background: Body fat distribution is a risk factor for several health conditions, although the literature shows that excess body fat is not always associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities in all subjects.Objectives: To investigate glucose, lipid, and hepatic metabolism, along with white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) remodeling in a mice model of short-term fructose feeding.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 10-11/group) were fed for four weeks with control diet (AIN93-M) or experimental diets rich in glucose or fructose. We investigated body weight, body adiposity, blood glucose, lipid and hepatic parameters, and WAT and BAT histopathology.Results: Fructose feeding did not promote either weight gain or adipocyte hypertrophy of visceral and subcutaneous WAT depots, but the fat was redistributed toward visceral depots. Fructose-fed mice did not show glucose, lipid, and hepatic metabolic dysfunction, except for an elevation in total cholesterol and hepatic weight. BAT mass did not increase, and it was proportionally reduced compared with visceral WAT in fructose feed mice. BAT suffered early adverse morphological remodeling, characterized by increased lipid deposition and enlargement of intracellular lipid droplets.Conclusion: Short-term fructose feeding redistributes fat among WAT depots, alters the ratio between BAT andvisceral WAT, and promotes BAT adverse remodeling, characterized by enlarged intracellular lipid droplets.
Instillation-TIME (iTIME) as a rationale amendment for TIME conception. Is there enough evidence for the efficiency of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (iNPWT) to announce a breakthrough idea for wound treatment?
Authors: Bobkiewicz Adam , Studniarek Adam , Krokowicz Łukasz , Drews Michał , Banasiewicz Tomasz
Published: July 2019

An increased number of patients developing difficult-to-heal wounds results in billions spending for chronic wound care management. Introduction of TIME conception has been a breakthrough idea for wound healing based on phase-adapted wound therapy that interacts and influence each other and included: T – tissue management, I - infection control, M - moisture balance, E - edge of the wound. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) revolutionized the management of wound healing. Moreover, recently NPWT with instillation (iNPWT) has gained the popularity of optimizing wound healing. In the context of acceleration of wound healing, iNPWT meets the criteria of the TIME conception. All individual components of TIME strategy are found in iNPWT providing “all in one” conception. Such management is easy to apply, monitor and it is well- tolerated by patients. Based on the current studies, iNPWT is found to be an important alternative for other methods of wound healing. It is believed that iNPWT will evolve and gain popularity as an innovative treatment for TIME conception.
Single-use NPWT device with telemedical wound monitoring in the treatment of acne inversa in apregnant patient – case report
Authors: Zastawna Kinga , Żalejko-Strychalska Alicja , Banasiewicz Tomasz
Published: July 2019

Acne inversa (AI) is a chronic inflammatory skindisease significantly impacting the patient’s quality of life.Management guidelines for acne inversa during pregnancy donot exist. We decided to use a single-use negative pressurewound therapy (PICO, Smith & Nephew) while managing apregnant patient with AI. Negative pressure wound therapy(NPWT) seemed to improve the patient’s condition, managingthe exudation, reducing edema, and improving local regeneration,as well as epithelialization. The method was also absolutelysafe for the fetus and feasible to conduct in the outpatientdepartment - what was of utmost importance for the patient.The telemedical monitoring of wound healing using mobiletechnologies seems to be gaining importance for patients andmedical practitioners. In the described case, we used the iWound(Polmedi, Poland) application in an outpatient setting.
Association of Emotional Intelligence with Sleep Quality
Authors: Heidari Hamidreza , Sharifshad Fateme , Mohammadsalehi Narges , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl
Published: July 2019

Background: Emotional intelligence is a mixed complex of emotional self-knowledge, skill, and other characteristics that affect an individual's success in facing with pressures and environmental forces. It is also considered as a stress controller that reduces the negative consequences of anxiety. The current study was conducted to assess the relationship of emotional intelligence with exam anxiety and sleep quality among the senior high school girls in Qom, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 263 female senior high school students were selected by multistage sampling method in Qom in 2015. Data collection was conducted using four questionnaires including demographic information, Shot emotional intelligence, Petersburg sleep quality, and Exam anxiety. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test, and analysis of Variance in SPSS. Results: Poor sleep quality was observed in 49.4% of the participants and the mean score of emotional intelligence was 144.8(18.46). Among four factors of the emotional intelligence, optimistic/ emotions adjustment had a negative significant correlation with exam anxiety and sleep quality (P<0.05). Furthermore, a direct significant correlation was observed between emotional intelligence and exam anxiety (P<0.05). Nevertheless, emotional intelligence had no significant relationship with exam anxiety and sleep quality (P>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of poor sleep quality in senior high school girls was high due to exam anxiety. In addition, the mean score of emotional intelligence was at a high level, which could help the adolescents in dealing with the environmental stress and emotions.
Compliance with Radiation Protection Principles in Radiotherapy Units
Authors: Atamaleki Ali , Fallah Madvari Rohollah , Dolati Mohammad , Faramarzi Meysam , Hokmabadi Rajabali , Younesieh Heravi Mohammad Amin , Zare Jamalabadi Saeedeh
Published: July 2019

Background: One of the most harmful agents in hospital settings is ionizing radiation such as X-rays that physicians and other staff expose in surgeries and diagnostic tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure X-ray dose in the diagnostic radiology units of hospitals affiliated to North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study, in which all of the hospitals' diagnostic radiology units including CT scan, mammography, fluoroscopy and radiography were studied. X-ray dose was measured by a dosimeter-radiometer device (MKS-05 Terra-P). The International Radiation Protection Association (IAEA) checklist was used to check the observance of the Radiation Protection Principles. Results: The results of this study showed that the X-ray doses in the CT scan, mammography, and fluoroscopy units of Bojnord Imam Ali Hospital were 0.16, 0.08 and 0.01 μSv/h, respectively. The doses of X-ray in the radiology units of Imam Ali (PBUH), Imam Reza (PBUH), Esfarayen and Shirvan Hospitals were 0.12, 0.12, 0.11, and 0.11 μSv/h, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, the X-ray doses in the diagnostic radiology units of hospitals were lower than the standard limit proposed by the International Radiation Protection Association. However, it is proposed to use appropriate protective lead aprons to further protect the exposed staff in the units in question.
Increasing the Use of Hearing Protection Devices by Delegating the Right to the Workers
Authors: Mahdavi Faranak , Monazzam Mohammad Reza , Zakerian Seyed Abolfazl , Meshkani Mohsen
Published: July 2019

Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the most common but absolutely preventable occupational diseases.  One of the measures to prevent and control noise's harmful effects in the workplaces is the use of hearing protection devices (HPDs) that workers do not often accept to use or do not use throughout the entire work shift.  Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of delegating the right to choose HPD to workers on the increase of the duration of using them. Methods: This interventional study was conducted on 60 male workers divided into two groups, intervention (n: 30) and control (n: 30), who were exposed to non-permissible sound levels during sampling. A questionnaire including BASNEF constructs was completed by both groups in two stages, ie, before intervention and 3 months after completion of the intervention delegating the right to choose HPD to workers. Durations of using HPD were recorded in two stages in intervention and control groups and compared. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS 22. Results: In intervention group, the number of workers who used HPDs full time was 0 (0%) before intervention and 16 (53.33%) after intervention. The duration of using HPDs significantly increased after intervention in intervention group than in control group. Conclusion: The intervention based on providing HPDs that are appropriate for the needs and wishes of workers and available as well as promoting their use in the work environment can persuade them to use such devices continuously.
Outbreak of Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Endophthalmitis Due to Contaminated Trypan Blue Solution
Authors: Bawankar Pritam , Bhattacharjee Harsha , Barman Manabjyoti , Soibam Ronel , Deka Hemalata , Chandra Kuri Ganesh , Medhi Jnanankar
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To report the investigation of an outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis in 13 patients after cataract surgery and to emphasize on the importance of clinical profile, risk factors, and treatment outcomes.
Methods: This was a hospital-based, retrospective case study with 13 consecutive patients who had manual small-incision cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and developed acute postoperative Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis. The anterior chamber taps, vitreous aspirates, and environmental surveillance specimens were inoculated for culturing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the agar diffusion method. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to determine the relationship between bacterial isolates recovered from study patients and contaminated surveillance samples.
Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from all 13 eyes with acute postoperative endophthalmitis and the trypan blue solutions used during surgery. Sensitivity tests revealed that all isolates had an identical resistance to multiple drugs and were only susceptible to imipenem. Genomic DNA typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from patients and trypan blue solutions showed an identical banding pattern on the PFGE. Despite the prompt use of intravitreal antibiotics and early vitrectomy with IOL explantation in some patients, the outcome was poor in about 50% of patients.
Conclusion: Positive microbiology and genomic DNA typing results proved that the contaminated trypan blue solutions were the source of infection in this outbreak. Postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often associated with a poor visual prognosis despite prompt treatment with intravitreal antibiotics.
Water-drinking Test and Pharmacologic Mydriasis as Provocative Tests in Primary Angle Closure Suspects
Authors: Razeghinejad Reza , Hossein Nowroozzadeh M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To compare the water-drinking test (WDT) and pharmacologic mydriasis as provocative tests in patients with primary angle closure suspect (PACS).
Methods: This observational non-randomized comparative study evaluated changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) in 21 patients with PACS who underwent pharmacologic mydriasis and compared it with IOP changes in 26 patients given the WDT. Ocular biometric and anterior chamber parameters were also assessed. Tests were repeated on the same patient two weeks after performing laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI).
Results: The mean age ± standard deviation was 60 ± 7 and 57 ± 9 years in the mydriasis and WDT groups, respectively (P = 0.201). Before LPI, both provocative tests were associated with a significant increase in IOP (mydriasis: 15.1 ± 3.1 to 16.6 ± 3.5 mmHg, P = 0.025; WDT: 16.2 ± 2.8 to 18.5 ± 3.3 mmHg, P < 0.001). However, the IOP changes were not statistically different between groups (P = 0.102). After LPI, only the WDT group showed a continued significant IOP elevation after the test (mydriasis: 16.4 ± 3.3 to 16.7 ± 3.5 mmHg, P = 0.569; WDT: 14.9 ± 3.0 to 17.8 ± 4.1 mmHg, P < 0.001). The post-test IOP change was significantly greater in the WDT than in the mydriasis group (3.0 versus 0.3 mmHg, respectively; P = 0.002). Step-wise multiple regression analysis verified the type of provocative test as the only independent factor affecting the post-test IOP change after LPI (regression coefficient: 2.664; P = 0.002).
Conclusion: Pharmacologic mydriasis and the WDT had similar IOP elevation before LPI, but after LPI, IOP elevation was much greater in the WDT group.
Ab Externo Imaging of Human Episcleral Vessels Using Fiberoptic Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy
Authors: Y. Lin Ken , Mosaed Sameh
Published: July 2019

Purpose: There is a growing interest in targeting minimally invasive surgery devices to the aqueous outflow system to optimize treatment outcomes. However, methods to visualize functioning, large-caliber aqueous and episcleral veins in-vivo are lacking. This pilot study establishes an ex-vivo system to evaluate the use of a confocal laser microendoscope to noninvasively image episcleral vessels and quantify regional flow variation along the limbal circumference.
Methods: A fiber-optic confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) system with lateral and axial resolution of 3.5 μm and 15 μm, respectively, was used on three porcine and four human eyes. Diluted fluorescein (0.04%) was injected into eyes kept under constant infusion. The microprobe was applied to the sclera 1 mm behind the limbus to acquire real-time video. Image acquisition was performed at 15-degree intervals along the limbal circumference to quantify regional flow variation in human eyes.
Results: Vascular structures were visualized in whole human eyes without processing. Schlemm’s canal was visualized only after a scleral flap was created. Fluorescent signal intensity and vessel diameter variation were observed along the limbal circumference, with the inferior quadrant having a statistically higher fluorescein signal compared to the other quadrants in human eyes (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates for the first time that the fiber-optic CLE platform can visualize the episcleral vasculature with high resolution ex-vivo with minimal tissue manipulation. Intravascular signal intensities and vessel diameters were acquired in real-time; such information can help select target areas for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) to achieve greater intraocular pressure reduction.
Intravitreal Medications for Retinal Vein Occlusion: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lashay Alireza , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Mirghorbani Masoud , Yaseri Mehdi
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of different intravitreal injections for the treatment of retinal vein occlusion including central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).
Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, the metaRegister of ControlledTrials, and ClinicalTrials were searched for intravitreal anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and steroids with relevant keywords and date limitation of 2009-2018. Meta-analysis was performed on studies that met the defined inclusion criteria. Main outcomes were visual acuity (VA) and central macular thickness (CMT).
Results: Out of 681 studies, 36 articles (including 21 reporting CRVO and 15 dealing with BRVO) were selected for systematic review. All five intravitreal drugs including triamcinolone, dexamethasone, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept showed improvement of CMT and VA as compared to placebo or laser treatment. Six randomized controlled trials were selected for meta-analysis in RVO patients. The pooled mean difference of visual improvement between sham and ranibizumab was 12.7 Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters (95%CI: 11.00 to 13.2), and the pooled mean difference in CMT reduction was 221 μm (95%CI: 153 to 284); both changes were significantly in favor of ranibizumab. The pooled mean difference of visual improvement between bevacizumab and triamcinolone was 5.3 ETDRS letters in favor of bevacizumab (95%CI: 16 μm to 17.5 μm). Triamcinolone led to 68.1 μm greater CMT reduction than bevacizumab (95%CI: 58 μm to 76 μm). However, none of these differences were statistically significant.
Conclusion: Treatment with anti-VEGF agents in RVO is superior to observation. No significant difference was seen between the eyes treated with bevacizumab or triamcinolone based on these results.
Tapioca Melanoma of the Iris: a Case Report
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Pahlevani Pouyan
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To report an extremely rare case of tapioca melanoma of the iris in an Iranian patient.
Case Report: A 50-year-old male patient presented with ocular pain and redness in the right eye for two weeks. The visual acuity was 7/10 and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 30 mmHg. A lobulated amelanotic vascularized and nodular (tapioca-like) iris mass with a 180o extent was seen in the right eye. Incisional biopsy of the mass revealed atypical mixed type (epithelioid and spindle cell) melanoma. Brachytherapy with the ruthenium-106 plaque resulted in complete regression of the tumor.
Conclusion: Tapioca melanoma of the iris should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with nodular vascularized amelanotic iris mass and elevated IOP. Brachytherapy with ruthenium-106 seems to be an effective treatment for tapioca melanoma of the iris.
Posterior Corneal Lamellar Detachment after Phacoemulsification in a Case of Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Dhingra Deepika , Malhotra Chintan , Jakhar Vaneet , Rohilla Vikash , Kumar Jain Arun
Published: July 2019

The abstract of this research was presented as a poster presentation at XXXV Congress of the EuropeanSociety of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ESCRS), Lisbon, Portugal, 7th–11th October, 2017.
Aktywność zawodowa matek w opiniach ich partnerów
Authors: Kotowska-Wójcik Olga , Luty-Michalak Marta
Published: July 2019

Wartość wskaźnika aktywności zawodowej kobiet w Polsce jest niższa niż średnia wartość tego wskaźnika w Unii Europejskiej. Ponadto, w porównaniu z mężczyznami, kobiety częściej są nieaktywne zawodowo. Największe dysproporcje występują w grupach obejmujących kobiety w wieku prokreacyjnym. Może to oznaczać, że jednym z powodów wycofywania się kobiet z rynku pracy jest konieczność sprawowania opieki nad własnym dzieckiem bądź dziećmi. Należy równocześnie podkreślić, że znaczna większość Polek stara się łączyć pracę zawodową z wypełnianiem obowiązków domowych oraz rodzicielskich. Akceptacja dla ich pracy zawodowej jest bardzo wysoka zarówno wśród mężczyzn, jak i wśród samych kobiet. Motywy, którymi kierują się kobiety, podejmując decyzję o kontynuowaniu pracy zawodowej po urodzeniu dziecka bądź powrocie do niej po okresie poświęconym na wychowanie potomstwa, zostały szeroko opisane w literaturze przedmiotu. Brakuje jednak opracowań poświęconych opinii mężczyzn w tym zakresie. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę uzupełnienia tej luki.
Śp. Profesor Violetta Koseska i jej kluczowe teorie lingwistyczne
Authors: Roszko Danuta , Roszko Roman
Published: July 2019

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Bułgarskie diaspory w Południowo-Wschodniej Europie (Besarabia, Nadazowie, Krym) – uwagi wstępne
Authors: Hatłas Jerzy
Published: July 2019

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Назоваването на най-новите реалности и виртуалности (по примери от киберекологията)
Authors: Генев-Пухалева Илияна
Published: July 2019

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Gender Representations in EFL Textbooks
Authors: Saputra Fren Dwiyan
Published: July 2019

This study aimed at finding out the proportion of gender representation in EFL Textbook: When English Rings A Bell VII whether it showed equal proportion or not. The design of this research was content analysis research with 1896 characters and 1344 pictures as the study’s data. The procedure of analyzing the data started by classifying the data into male and female division, then it was analyzed based on Brugeilles & Cromer aspects, while the pictures were simply classified into male or female category. The presentation of male and female category was made by drawing the inferences by the researcher. The result of the analysis was made in the form of percentage and inferences. The result of the study showed the percentage of characters of male was 71% and 29% for female category. Under picture analysis, 55% was male category and 45% was female category. It indicated that When English Rings A Bell VII did not have a balance proportion or an equal representation between male and female category, both under characters and pictures analysis.
EFL Students’ Perspectives on Effective Lecturer
Authors: Basri Juliana
Published: July 2019

Student’s perspective is an essential factor in evaluating lecturers and has an impact on the efficacy of the instructional environment. The purpose of this study was to know EFL  students’ perception on effective lecturer. The study employed mixed method research. By implementing convenience sampling technique, 100 students in one state university in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia were involved as participants in this research. The questionnaire and interview were used to collect the data and the descriptive analysis in the form of percentages was used to analyze the data. The result of questionnaire revealed that instrument which contained 42 items with seven response categories on rapport (26,2%), delivery (40,5%), fairness (11,9%), knowledge and credibility (7,2%), and organization and preparation (14,3%) were perceived very good by the students. It was supported by the result of interview that students were perceived very good to all aspects of effective lecturer, but there were some lecturers who were not. Finally, it was believed that this study could be useful and beneficial to the lecturers as a yardstick to understand themselves better and students’ needs in learning process.
An Analysis of Politeness Strategies of Disagreement: The Case of Students of English Education Study Program in one State Islamic University in Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Windika Witria
Published: July 2019

The pupoposes of this study were (1) to find out the realizations of politeness strategies of disagreement by the sixth semester students of English Education students of Islamic State University in Sumatera, and (2) to figure out the most common types of politeness strategy used by them. The study employed qualitative research. The data were taken through a written test and Discourse Completion Test (DCT). The sample was taken by using cluster random sampling method which consisted of 12 male students and 12 female students. The study revealed that female and male English language learners experienced four types of politeness strategy: positive politeness, negative politeness, bald-on-record politeness, and off-record politeness with negative politeness as the most frequent strategy used by female and male English language learners. The result of the study showed that negative politeness was dominant politeness strategy which had value of 63,33%. The second place was bald-on-record (23,33%), the third place was positive politeness  (11,67%), and the last one was off-record (1,67%). The conclusion of this study indicated that in expressing politeness strategy for disagreement, both female and male respondents tended to perform negative politeness strategy.
Investigation into a Link between Students’ English Reading Speed and Reading Comprehension Achievement: The Case of Indonesian EFL Student Teachers
Authors: Pratama Andri
Published: July 2019

The aims of the study were to look at the link between English as a foreign language (EFL) student teachers’ reading speed and reading comprehension achievement and whether it influenced their reading comprehension achievement or not. The population of the study was 583 active EFL student teachers in one English Education Study Program at an Indonesian state Islamic University. By using purposive sampling technique, there were 87 students involved as participants in this study. The data were gained by using two kinds of tests, reading speed test and reading comprehension test. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation was employed to analyze the data. From the data analyses, it was found that the correlation between EFL student teachers’ English reading speed attitude and their reading comprehension achievement did not exist. As the result, the second problem was eliminated. In short, reading speed did not have any relation to reading comprehension achievement.
Processo Eletrônico, Hipertexto E Direito Ao Processo Justo
Authors: Reichelt Luis Alberto , Pegoraro Junior Paulo Roberto
Published: July 2019

É possível o aprofundamento tecnológico da implantação do processo eletrônico mediante a assimilação de modelos conceituais já familiares no âmbito da internet como o hipertexto, entendido como ligação dinâmica na qual se agregam um conjunto de informações de textos, palavras, imagens ou sons. O presente ensaio propõe-se a investigar algumas das possibilidades envolvendo o emprego de hiperlinks no âmbito do Direito Processual, analisando-as sob a ótica do direito fundamental ao processo justo. Nesse sentido, propõe-se a enfrentar os reflexos decorrentes da inclusão de QR Codes em atos processuais, remetendo o leitor desses atos a um cenário audiovisual e, ao mesmo tempo, preocupado com o direito fundamental à segurança jurídica, bem como as implicações presentes na formação de uma comunidade virtual de trabalho (groupware) no que se refere ao direito fundamental ao contraditório.
Competenza Tributaria Come Limite Protettivo Del Contribuente
Authors: Medeiros Clayton Gomes de , Becker Josiane
Published: July 2019

A presente pesquisa vale-se do método dogmático hermenêutico analítico para demonstrar, mediante uma construção teórico-argumentativa, o instituto da competência tributária como balizador da defesa do direito do contribuinte de sofrer tributação nos limites impostos pela Carta Constitucional Brasileira, mormente o limite contido no Princípio da Legalidade. Para isso, delimita-se a competência tributária e sua operatividade como instrumento na defesa de direitos constitucionais mediante fundamento de validade das normas sob o prisma formal e material. A pesquisa perpassa pelos significados que podem ser dados à locução competência tributária, suas características, e a relação com o princípio da legalidade no direito tributário.
Direito Humano E Fundamental À Saúde Nos Presídios Federais Brasileiros
Authors: Cerqueira Paloma Gurgel de O. , Tourinho Luciano de Oliveira S.
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho tem como objeto o Sistema Penitenciário Federal no Estado Brasileiro, considerando o regime de isolamento prolongado e suas consequências para o preso. A justificativa da relevância temática está na inobservância das garantias constitucionais e da carta de direitos humanos. A inclusão e manutenção de presos em estabelecimentos penais federais de segurança máxima deveria ser medida excepcional e por prazo determinado. Inúmeros são os casos de suicídios e morte no Sistema Penitenciário Federal. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada é bibliográfica e de campo. Dentre os objetivos deste trabalho: expandir o debate acerca do tema a fim de colaborar com a expansão de medidas gerenciais/administrativas que garantam a efetivação dos direitos em comento; discutir ideias e compreender a evolução histórica de conquistas de direitos nesta área. Dentre as conclusões deste estudo, destaque-se que a custódia no Sistema Penitenciário Federal está a gerar danos psíquicos e emocionais, submetendo os condenados a malefícios que não se limitam à privação de liberdade. Sendo direito fundamental, o direito à saúde, um direito de segunda geração, conclui-se que o seu desrespeito macula uma conquista histórica, garantida constitucionalmente.
Repensando O Abuso De Direito: Limites E Interpretação
Authors: Miragem Bruno , Badia Ana Lúcia Seifriz
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo objetiva repensar a figura do abuso de direito nos dias atuais. Para tanto, é usado o método dialético, tendo como referencial teórico o funcionalismo, a fim de definir qual é a principal finalidade do instituto na contemporaneidade e sua estreita relação com os limites objetivos e a necessidade de uma nova interpretação. Primeiramente, são estabelecidas diferenças entre o ato ilícito e o antijurídico, fazendo a relação desses institutos e o abuso de direito. O abuso de direito constitui ato antijurídico na medida que implica violação ao ordenamento jurídico e não apenas contra a lei. A seguir, o conceito de direito subjetivo é examinado, com grande importância para a compreensão do conceito de abuso de direito, que teve um caráter individualista e subjetivo (vinculado à noção de culpa) adotado no Código Civil brasileiro de 1916. Posteriormente, é investigada a cláusula geral do art. 187 do Código Civil brasileiro de 2002, com especial destaque para o elemento objetivo e os limites ao exercício dos direitos. A boa-fé objetiva, a confiança, assim como o fim social e o econômico representam esses limites, com exemplos extraídos das doutrinas brasileira e portuguesa. Por fim, com base em princípios constitucionais (interpretação civil-constitucional do abuso), em especial, o da solidariedade, é demonstrada a necessidade de aplicação do instituto com destaque para os interesses existenciais, superiores aos interesses patrimoniais, de acordo com o ético e com o pluralismo.
Kekuatan Pembuktian Akta Notaris yang Dibuat Oleh Notaris yang Sedang Diusulkan Untuk Diberhentikan dengan Tidak Hormat
Authors: Laseduw Selly Yashinta Theresa
Published: July 2019

Lembaga notariat merupakan suatu lembaga yang dibutuhkan masyarakat dalam pembuatan alat bukti bagi mereka yaitu berupa akta otentik. Profesi Notaris merupakan suatu jabatan kepercayaan yang bertanggung jawab. Namun demikian dilapangan dalam praktek seorang notaris terdapat bnyakpelanggaran yang terjadi, sebagaimana kasus yang menjerat salah satu Notaris di Kalimantan Tengah, dimana Notaris AP serta Masdundung dan AT melakukan pembuatan akta notaris illegal. Dalam kasus ini Notaris AP dijatuhkan Pidana Pasal 266 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 55 ayat (1) Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana, secara UUJN dan Kode Etik Notaris Notaris AP telah melanggar Pasal 16 ayat (1)huruf a UUJN. Terhadap pelanggaran tersebut yang dibuat oleh AP, ia harus bertanggung jawab secara pribadi dan dikeluarkan surat keputusan dari Majelis Pengawas Pusat yakni perihal usulan pemberian sanksi pemberhentian dengan tidak hormat kepada Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia. Timbul Persoalan ketika AP yang sudah mendapat surat usulan pemberhentian dengan tidak hormat namun tetap masih menjalankan aktifitas kantornya.
Peran Anak Sebagai Pemicu Terjadinya Tindak Pidana Persetubuhan
Authors: Prasetyo Akhmad Heru
Published: July 2019

Masalah korban adalah masalah manusia maka sudah sewajarnya apabila kita berpegang pada pandangan yang tepat mengenai manusia serta eksistensinya. Tidak ada seorangpun yang secara normal menghendaki dirinya dijadikan korban, sasaran ataupun obyek dari kejahatan. Tetapi, dari sisi korban, karena keadaan yang ada pada korban atau karena sikap dan perilakunyalah yang membuat pelaku terangsang untuk menjalankan niat jahatnya. Mereka yang dipandang lemah, baik dari sisi fisik, mental, sosial atau hukum relatif lebih memancing pelaku untuk melaksanakan kejahatannya. Tentu saja dengan melihat serta memahami pengertian serta penempatan posisi korban dengan semestinya maka, akan menghindari pemahaman-pemahaman yang keliru terhadap korban oleh masyarakat, maupun alat-alat penegak hukum serta lembaga pengadilan secara kusus.Korban dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Nganjuk Nomor 285/Pid.Sus/2016/PN.Njk  termasuk kedalam jenis korban Provocative victims, yaitu mereka yang menimbulkan rangsangan terjadinya kejahatan. Jenis korban semacam ini merupakan korban yang aktif dan memberikan kesempatan kepada orang lain untuk melakukan kejahatan. Ironisnya dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Nganjuk Nomor 285/Pid.Sus/2016/PN.Njk., Majelis Hakim sama sekali tidak mempertimbangkan jenis korban dan peran dari korban sehingga terjadi tindak pidana. Sedangkan dalam Putusan Nomor: 91/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.NJK. termasuk kedalam jenis korban Biologically week victims, yaitu mereka yang secara fisik memiliki kelemahan yang menyebabkan ia menjadi korban. Berdasarkan duduk perkara sebagaimana putusan Nomor: 91/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.NJK. korban sudah berusaha menolak ajakan terdakwa, tetapi karena korban tidak berdaya karena kelemahan fisiknya sebagai seorang perempuan, akhirnya terdakwa dengan leluasa melakukan tindak pidana persetubuhan.
Swap transactions as a financial tool, their recognition as international accounting standard 39 and display in financial statements
Authors: Kablan Ali
Published: July 2019

Developments in international financial markets concern both developed countries and developing countries closely. The transactions of institutions arising from of commercial activities display a more complex and more risky state in line with international economic developments. The globalization trend in the world economy, the extreme fluctuations in currencies, interests and product prices have rendered closely following up the developments in financial tools mandatory. Taking advantage of derivative financial tools which increase the revenue of assets by taking future risks into consideration, impact a decrease in debt costs and has the purpose of transferring risks are of vital importance with respect to the successful management of companies. At the present time in which internationalcommerce, free market economy and globalization has gained in importance, one of the derivative products used in risk management and have a wide implementation area is swap transactions. Swap transactions can be expressed as a financial transaction including the exchange of interest, foreign currency or both between two or more parties. Swap transactions in particular are used for purposes such as protection against risks due to interest rates and exchange rates, ensuring low cost financing, changing the debt structure and entering different markets. In this study, the generallydefined characteristics of swap transactions, which have an important standing within financial risk management and have been rapidly developing in the world in recent years and their recognition according to the International Accounting Standard 39 concerning the recognition of swap transactions, which has in particular termed the study have been focused on. In the framework of the standard, interest swap and foreign currency swap implementation study were included with respect to the matter