bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rubella Virus: Role of Interferon during Infection of African Green Monkey Kidney Tissue Cultures
Authors: Wong Ken T. , Baron Samuel , Ward Thomas G.
Published: January 2023

African green monkey kidney cell cultures infected with low or high multiplicities of rubella virus were found to produce small or large amounts of interferon respectively. Following high multiplicity infection of these cell cultures with rubella virus there was continuous production of virus and interferon over a period of 38 days. Infected cell cultures also developed cellular resistance which was characterized as interferonlike by its broad antiviral effect against many viruses and by its inhibition by dactinomycin (actinomycin D). The sensitivity of rubella virus to monkey interferon was substantially greater than that of vesicular stomatitis virus. Rubella virus yield decreased when lower virus inputs were used. This appears to have been due to interferon production during early virus growth cycles. These facts suggest that much of the observed inhibition of homologous and heterologous virus could be accounted for by the amount of interferon produced, the degree of resistance induced, and the high sensitivity of rubella virus to the interferon system. The findings also suggest that persistent infection of African green monkey kidney cultures by rubella virus is associated with persistent activity of the interferon system.
Antigenic Properties of the Hexosamine Polymer of Streptococcal Mucopeptide
Authors: Karakawa Walter W. , Lackland Henry , Krause Richard M.
Published: January 2023

Streptococcal mucopeptide, solubilized by ultrasonic treatment, gives a precipitin reaction with streptococcal group A-variant antisera. Although treatment of the mucopeptide with an N-acetyl-muramyl-l-alanine amidase, derived from a broth culture of S. albus, removes approximately 50% of the peptide, the residual material retains serologic activity when tested with selected antisera. This suggests that the hexosamine polymer of mucopeptide is also antigenic. Inhibition of the precipitin reaction by a hexosamine-rich dialyzable fraction derived from S. albus enzymes digest of cell walls supports this view. An immunologic cross-reaction between mucopeptide and group A carbohydrate is also reported.
Identification of γE-Antibodies as a Carrier of Reaginic Activity
Authors: Ishizaka Kimishige , Ishizaka Teruko
Published: January 2023

The immunoglobulin having reaginic activity was purified from sera of ragweed sensitive patients by salt precipitation, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose column chromatography, gel filtration and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. The γG- and γA-globulins remaining in the purified samples were absorbed with rabbit anti-γG- and anti-γA-antibodies which had been precipitated with goat antibody against rabbit γ-globulin. On a weight basis, reaginic activity of the final preparation was about 1000 times more active than the original sera and the most active fraction gave positive P-K reactions at a dilution of 1:80,000. Human serum proteins detected in the preparation were γE- and γD-globulins. The antibody against antigen E was detected in γE-globulin but not in other immunoglobulins. It was also found that the reaginic activity and γE-antibody in the preparations were precipitated by anti-γE-antibody. The results indicate that reaginic activity is associated with γE-globulin. Evidence was presented that reaginic antibody against antigen E in the serum of one individual was γE-globulin of mostly κ chain type.
Influence of the Physical State of Formalinized Vaccinia Virus Particles on Surviving Plaque Titer: Evidence for Multiplicity Reactivation
Authors: Kim Kwang Soo , Sharp D. G.
Published: January 2023

Electron microscopic analysis of aggregation among the particles of formalinized vaccinia virus, together with surviving plaque titers, reveals the presence of a multiplicity-dependent reactivation. This effect is not distinguishable from the multiplicity reactivation that is observed with vaccinia virus after irradiation. High survival titers in aggregated formalinized preparations show that many more plaques are formed by clumps of particles than arise from the same particles in dispersed form. The plaque-forming unit titer of formalinized virus is thus not simply related to the number of particles present. Precise statement of titer requires a measure of aggregation as well.

The great survival power of virus particle clumps is shown to be due to reactivation through clumping, not to group protection from action of the formaldehyde. Some persistent surviving fractions reported after treatment of other viruses may be of this kind as well.
Phylogeny of Immunoglobulin Structure and Function
Authors: Clem L. William , De Boutaud Francia , Sigel M. Michael
Published: January 2023

The nurse shark was shown to produce antibodies to bovine serum albumin detectable by passive hemagglutination. The sera of both normal and immunized nurse sharks contained high levels (∼50% of the optical density) of immunoglobulins with sedimentation coefficients of approximately 19 S and 7 S. These immunoglobulins were isolated and purified by diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G 200. The immunoglobulins were antigenically identical when analyzed with rabbit antisera. They also had similar immunoelectrophoretic mobilities and hexose contents. Extensive reduction and alkylation dissociated both molecules into H (MW ∼70,000) and L (MW ∼22,000) polypeptide chains in proportions comparable to IgM. It was demonstrated that nurse and lemon sharks had antigenically related L-chains and dissimilar H-chains, thus suggesting a differential rate of evolutionary changes in immunoglobulin chain structure.
The Heterogeneity of Combining Sites of Anti-Benzylpenicilloyl Antibodies Obtained from Individual Rabbits: Fractionation of Antibodies with a Specific Immunoadsorbent
Authors: Atsumi Tsuyoshi , Nishida Kiyoshi , Kinoshita Yoshio , Shibata Koji , Horiuchi Yoshihiko
Published: January 2023

Benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) groups were introduced into the bisdiazotized benzidine treated insoluble bovine γ-globulin (BGG) aggregates by direct coupling of benzylpenicillin in alkaline condition. The insoluble BPO-BGG aggregates were used for the analysis of site heterogeneity of rabbit anti-BPO-RSA antibody as a specific immunoadsorbent. The radioiodinated γG fraction prepared from a single rabbit antiserum was charged on the immunoadsorbent and eluted step by step with five haptens corresponding to the constituent of the BPO molecule.

Five different antibody fractions were separated. By rechromatography these fractions were demonstrated to be specifically adapted to phenylacetic acid, phenylacetylglysine, 6-acetyl-aminopenicilloic acid, benzylpenicilloic acid and benzylpenicilloyl-ε-aminocaproate respectively. The order of binding affinity to the immuno-adsorbent of these five different antibody populations seemed to reflect the order of the sizes of combining region.

The cross-reactivity of anti-BPO-RSA antibody with penicilloyl derivatives having different acyl side chain was examined. The fraction directed to the nuclear portion of the BPO molecule was shown to react as strongly with penicilloyl derivatives of synthetic penicillins as with BPO-EACA. In contrast, the fraction directed to the acyl side chain portion of the BPO molecule was shown to have various cross-reactivity with penicilloyl derivatives of synthetic penicillins. The cross-reactivity decreased in the order of phenoxymethylpenicilloyl-, 5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicilloyl-, 2,6-dimethoxyphenylpenicilloyl-ε-aminocaproate.
Cosificación y capitalismo global. La cuestión colonial e imperialista a partir de Historia y Conciencia de Clase
Authors: García Quesada George
Published: January 2023

Este artículo revisa el concepto de cosificación y la cuestión colonial e imperialista en Historia y conciencia de clase, de Georg Lukács. A partir de las insuficiencias apuntadas por corrientes como la de la Historia global del trabajo y el poscolonialismo a la visión obrerista presente en este libro, se presenta una reformulación del concepto de cosificación basada en el trabajo abstracto (en lugar de la mercancía), desde la cual se proponen los conceptos de dominación (Postone) y de racialización (Quijano) como formas de cosificación derivadas, aplicables a los espacios periféricos de la expansión capitalista.
TOURISM’S HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SPECIFICITIES
Authors:   KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKY UNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN, VASILEVA VANYA , Sabrieva Sevdzhan
Published: January 2023

The specifics and upheavals of tourism in recent years worldwide and in Bulgaria is associated with significant fluctuation of the employed in the tourist industry. This brings up the problem of human resource management in tourism as especially current. Human resource management in tourism has a number of specifics that are determined by the features of the tourism industry. They, in turn, determine the specifics of labor in tourism, as well as the specific requirements for employees. At the same time, wages remain low and lead to demotivation and difficult career development. The present report focuses precisely on these specifics.
Protection and Management of the Destroyed Heritage in the Old City of Mosul, Northern Iraq
Authors: Al-Jawadi Azealdeen , Saleh Dheyaa , Younis Aliaa
Published: January 2023

Mosul has been freed from the clutches of terrorists since 2018, yet the city remains in serious need of reconstruction and redevelopment. The current study attempts to determine whether the fragments of damaged structures can be used in the reconstruction of the old city of Mosul, as well as its economic, cultural, and civilizational feasibility. Old-heritage materials have been categorized into four primary categories, which can be used to avoid confusion while disposing of them. The first category includes antique art elements such as struts, gypsum arches, door frames, and windows, the majority of which were less than 200 years old. The second category included items that were more than 200 years old and were discovered in a few locations, including the Great Mosque of Al-Nuri and the Al-Tahera Church. The third category consists of irregularly shaped stone building materials that were extensively employed in the construction of home walls and ceilings and have survived their engineering characteristics for decades. There are two primary types of stone building materials: limestone and gypsum stone. Finally, plaster, a once-common binder, produced enormous quantities of recyclable materials as well as the new mortar that might be utilized in rebuilding. These significant old-heritage materials went unnoticed and were handled haphazardly. Many of them were removed by massive bulldozers, resulting in the dilemma of their destruction and the search for places to discard them. Recycling these old-heritage materials, according to the study, will help to preserve the irreplaceable artifacts embossed with magnificent ornamentation, sketches, and inscriptions. Obtaining antiquities buried beneath these structures that could be 800 years old or older. Taking advantage of low-cost, high-economic-feasibility building materials and abandoning the idea of destroying and discarding them, which costs a lot of money and pollutes the environment. The geotechnical assessment of categories 1, 3, and 4 revealed that they are recyclable. Category 1 showed that the percentage of damage caused by nature does not exceed 1% and 7% as a result of the war. In categories 3 and 4, the proportion of natural damage caused by weathering does not exceed 1%, while the percentage of natural damage caused by war does not exceed 3%.
Porosity Evolution and Microfacies Analysis of the Khurmala Formation (Paleocene-Early Eocene) from Selected Sections in Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq Revealed by Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Asaad Irfan , Omer Muhamed , Ahmed Aland
Published: January 2023

The microfacies analysis and porosity evolution of the Khurmala Formation (Paleocene-Early Eocene) were studied in the Gomaspan and Sheraswar sections in the High Folded Zone, northeastern Erbil City, Kurdistan Region (N-Iraq). Lithologically, the Khurmala Formation in the Gomaspan section is about 23.5 m comprised of thick to massive bedded brecciated grey dolomitic limestone in lower and middle parts and interbedding of medium to thick beds of grey dolomitic limestone and yellow calcareous shale in the upper part. The Sheraswar section comprises 18.5 m yellow marl, thick yellowish-grey dolomitic marly limestone in the lower part, and bedded grey limestone interbedded with thin blue marl, shale, and mudstone in the upper part. The petrographic and cathodoluminescence (CL) studies of 20 thin sections of the Khurmala carbonates show that most skeletal grains are shallow marine derivative faunas and non-skeletal grains represent intraclasts, peloids, ooids, and extraclasts (monocrystalline quartz). Five main microfacies were identified in the studied rocks, and they integrated into two facies associations relating to their environmental interpretation: back reef/lagoon and patch reef. A new eight pore types were distinguished in the carbonate rocks of Khurmala Formation: interparticle, intraparticle, growth framework, intercrystalline, moldic, vuggy, fracture, and stylolite porosities. Most of the primary porosity was reduced by compaction and cementation due to effect of intensive diagenesis. Secondary porosity is predominant in both studied sections, the most common being the moldic porosity associated with different microfacies fabrics. CL investigations revealed that dolomitized lime wackestone microfacies has two types of different cementations in the late stages of blocky calcite cement which are discontinuous light to dull orange luminescence without zoning, and pure calcite cement of coarse to very coarse blocky calcite cement with characteristic bright orange luminescence and tight zoning.
YÖNETİŞİM, GİRİŞİMCİLİK VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME: BİR PANEL NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ
Authors: İMAMOĞLU İlyas Kays
Published: January 2023

Ekonomi yazınında, 1990’lı yıllarda başlayan ekonomik büyüme sürecinde yönetişimin önemli bir faktör olduğu tartışmaları, günümüzde de devam etmektedir. Bu tartışmaların odak noktası, ülkelerdeki kurumların performansı olarak ele alınan yönetişim kavramının içerdiği anlam ve kapsadığı alanla yakından ilişkilidir. Ülkelerin yönetişimsel özelliklerinin, piyasa mekanizmasının işleyişine etki edebileceği görüşü, piyasa aktörlerinden biri olan girişimcilerin davranışlarını ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etki düzeylerinin belirlenebilmesine yönelik soruları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada yönetişim, girişimcilik ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiler Dumitrescu ve Hurlin (2012) tarafından geliştirilen panel nedensellik analizi ile 2006-2020 döneminde ve 56 ülke örnekleminde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre ekonomik büyüme ile girişimcilik arasında çift yönlü, ekonomik büyüme ile yönetişim arasında çift yönlü ve yönetişim ile girişimcilik arasında çift yönlü nedensel ilişkilerin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, ekonomilerin temel sorunu olan sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme için yönetişim ve girişimcilik faktörlerinin önemini vurgulamaktadır.
rTSβ as a Novel 5-fluorouracil Resistance Marker of Colorectal Cancer: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lin Yu-Li , Chow Kuan-Chih
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the most common form of malignancy in Taiwan and the third leading cause of death from cancer, preceded only by lung and hepatic cancers. Colorectal cancer is typically treated by surgical intervention and/or chemotherapy and radiotherapy, if necessary. To date, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most commonly used anti-cancer chemotherapy drug. However, patients commonly experience resistance to the drug therefore limiting its efficiency. In this study, we measured the expression of rTSβ in human colon cancer as a novel 5-FU resistance marker. Materials and Methods: We collected 172 colon cancer samples from 4 different hospitals (including 21 pairs of colon cancer biopsies and 151 pathologic slides of colon cancer). In vitro, we measured the cytotoxicity of 5-FU and 5-FU plus leucovorin in H630 and H630-1 colon cancer cell lines. Results: The results revealed that rTSβ was expressed in 115 (66.9 %) pathology samples and that tumour expression was higher than in corresponding normal tissue. Survival rates of up to 5 years following treatment was significantly higher for patients without rTSβ expression than for those with rTSβ expression (P = 0.0023). In vitro, H630-1 (with rTSβ overexpression) had significantly higher IC50 of 5-FU than did H630. IC50of 5-FU decreased when leucovorin was added. Conclusions: Results indicate a close relationship between rTSβ expression and resistance to the drug 5-FU in human colorectal cancer. These results provide further evidence for rTSβ expression as a novel 5-FU resistance marker of colorectal cancer.

Key words: Chemotherapy, Immunohistochemistry, Prognosis
Socio-demographic Profile and Psychiatric Comorbidity of Subjects with Pathological Gambling
Authors: Winslow Munidasa , Subramaniam Mythily , Qiu Shijia , Lee Arthur
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Pathological gambling is defined as the failure to resist the impulse to gamble despite disruption to personal, family and vocational life. It appears to be highly comorbid with psychiatric disorders. This study aims to describe the socio-demographic profile and comorbidity of 40 pathological gamblers compared to controls. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 40 cases (90% male, mean age = 38.3, SD = 10.0) scoring 5 or more in the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and verified to be pathological gamblers based on DSM-IV criteria and 40 age-and-gender-matched controls. Results: Study results showed that the prevalence of lifetime DSM-IV diagnoses were significantly different between cases and controls (χ² = 16.4, P <0.001), with 67.5% of the cases and 22.5% of the controls meeting the criteria, respectively. Eighty percent of the cases had at least one personality disorder compared to 45% in the control (χ² = 10.5, P <0.005). The common lifetime disorders observed in the cases were substance abuse disorder and anxiety while common personality disorders were obsessive-compulsive, avoidant and paranoid. Conclusion: This study highlights the high rates of comorbidity in a largely Chinese sample in an Asian setting and the importance of assessing pathological gamblers for comorbidities.

Key words: Asian, Comorbidities, Demographics, Pathological Gambling
Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Singapore Cancer Patients
Authors: Chow Wen Hann , Chang Pearlly , Lee Soo Chin , Wong Alvin , Shen Han-Ming , Verkooijen Helena Marieke
Published: January 2023

Introduction: This study evaluates determinants, expectations, association with quality of life (QOL) and doctor’s awareness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) use in Singapore cancer patients. Material and Methods: We interviewed 316 patients visiting the Cancer Centre of the National University Hospital on behaviour, attitudes and expectations towards CAM and assessed QOL via Euroqol Questionnaire (EQ-5D). Medical information was obtained from oncologists. Results: One hundred and seventy-three patients (55%) reported CAM use after cancer diagnosis. Chinese ethnicity, tertiary education, age <65 years and previous CAM use were independent predictors of CAM use. Fifty-one per cent of CAM users informed their doctors about their use and 15% of doctors reported to be aware of CAM use in these patients. Thirty-seven per cent believed CAM to be equally or more effective than conventional cancer therapies and 78% expected at least basic knowledge about CAM from their oncologists. Twenty-five per cent of patients reported concurrent use of oral CAM and chemotherapy, of which oncologists were unaware in 86% of cases. CAM users had higher EuroQol utility scores than non-CAM users (0.79 versus 0.73, respectively, P = 0.03), in particularly those aged ≥65 years and those with stage IV disease. Conclusion: Singapore cancer patients show high prevalence of CAM use, high expectations regarding its effectiveness and doctors’ knowledge on CAM and many use it concurrently with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Since oncologists are generally unaware of CAM use in their patients, doctor-patient communication on CAM use needs to be improved. The association of CAM use and higher QOL scores in some subgroups deserves further exploration.

Key words: Oncology, Patients’ expectations, Quality of life, Survey
PSYCHOANALYZING SYLVIA PLATH S “LITTLE FUGUE” : THE SUFFOCATING GYRE OF A MOURNING DAUGHTER TRAPPED WITHIN HER ELECTRA COMPLEX AND MELANCHOLIA
Authors: Şenel Neşe
Published: January 2023

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PENGENALAN PEMBUATAN PETA DAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI QUANTUM GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM BAGI GURU GEOGRAFI SMA DI KOTA KENDARI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Hadini La Ode , Nurgiantoro Nurgiantoro , Ati Amniar
Published: January 2023

The introduction of map making and at the same time as the development of learning media are the efforts to improve the performance of high school geography teachers in the learning process of geography. This activity aims to increase teacher knowledge in spatial data concepts and cartographic rules for learning geography. PKM activities are carried out in the form of training using lecture methods, demonstrations and online discussions. The methods is used in explaining the concepts of spatial data and cartographic rules in the form of understanding, subsystems, components, data, processes, analysis, and presentation. This training activity went well based on the achievement of the target of the training participants, the objectives of the training, and the target of the planned material, as well as the ability of the participants in mastering the material being trained. Supporters for the implementation of this PKM activity include the availability of experts in the field of Cartography and QGIS at the UHO Geography Department, the enthusiasm of the participants, and the available funds for the service team. The benefits that participants can get from PKM activities are applying QGIS in making maps and for developing geography learning media in high school education
Types and Features of Flute Stories: Focusing on Korea and Japan
Authors:   Global Knowledge and Convergence Association, Lee Jaebin
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we looked at how the flute is used by paying attention to classical literature, especially the narrative. In the most famous tale, Manpasik, the flute was used as a tool to strengthen the royal authority or prevent foreign enemies. However, the flute was often the story’s center when analyzing flute-related stories. The sound of the flute changes the situation rapidly. It can be seen that the happy ending of the protagonist getting out of the crisis of death by the sound of the flute, becoming wealthy by playing the flute well, or solving the case with the sound of the flute and marrying the daughter of a wealthy family is taking advantage of the novelty of the flute. The mystique of the flute could be described more beautifully. Famous worldwide, the “Pied Piper of Hamelin” had successfully eradicated rats. Until now, it was a positive case resolution with the flute’s power, but ultimately, he used the flute to kidnap children to show fear of the flute. It showed the powerful side of the flute, such as being killed by playing a banned flute or killing a boy by the sound of the flute. This means that the flow of the story changes depending on how you use the flute. The characteristics of the flute in folktales have influenced modern times. In particular, the myth that snakes appear when playing the flute at night is very famous and still tends to be taboo. This story likely spread because simply making a sound at night damages neighbors, but it can be seen that the mighty power of the flute is being transmitted. Although the content is limited to “Manpahsik”, in the movie “Jeon Woo-chi” and the drama “The King: The Prince of Eternal”, the power of the flute is so intense that there are cases where the elements of conflict to compete are realistically expressed. The types and characteristics of the flute that have appeared in the narrative so far are meaningful in that they have provided a stepping stone to understanding the use of the flute that has become a springboard for later research and continues to the modern day.
La educación de la cultura financiera en niños de familias comerciantes en Tacna
Authors: Ticona Cohaíla Juana Guisella , Cuito Rojas Cecilia Gladys , Zevallos Paz Elizabeth , Pastor Seperak Marly Mahly
Published: January 2023

Tacna es una ciudad peruana fronteriza cuya principal actividad económica es el comercio de carácter familiar; por tanto, el desarrollo de la cultura financiera cumple un rol importante en la formación de las siguientes generaciones que liderarán los negocios familiares. A partir de ello, se realizó una investigación para conocer las características de la educación financiera de niños cuyo entorno familiar directo se dedica al comercio, tanto formal como informal. Para ello, se empleó una metodología mixta en base a encuestas y entrevistas aplicadas a estudiantes del último grado del nivel de educación primara de tres instituciones educativas. Se utilizó como criterios de observación las capacidades de la competencia 19 de la Educación Básica Regular peruana. A partir de ello, se halló que dichos estudiantes tienen desarrollada la cultura financiera; sin embargo, la escuela tiene poca participación en la adquisición de dichos conocimientos. Es, en cambio, la familia y la vinculación directa de los niños con el negocio familiar lo que influye en la cultura financiera de estos. Los resultados permiten evidenciar la importancia de la familia como principal agente educativo y generador de un habitus. Asimismo, se enfatiza en la necesidad de un sistema educativo contextualizado a la realidad social y económica de la ciudad.
Implementasi Sistem Otomasi Order Mentoring Pada Marketplace Mentoring Platform Nusademy
Authors: Jabar Rozaq Muhammad Nanda , Oktiawati Unan Yusmaniar
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the acceleration of digitalization to occur throughout the world in various aspects of life, one of which is in the world of education. The openness of access to learning resources has not been the right solution for humans to learn independently. There are details in the learning process that require the guidance of a teacher called a mentor. In line with this, PT Nusademy Solusi Indonesia (Nusademy) built a marketplace mentoring platform that allows learning to take place in a network between users and mentors. Nusademy provides an opportunity for users to able to choose learning topics and mentors according to their needs. In it, there are steps for mentoring orders, which are currently still being processed manually by the admin every time there is a transaction. So, we need a system that can bridge users with mentors to share benefits without having to depend on admin availability. Python is a programming language that has characteristics suitable for autonomous system development and integration with third-party services. This study aims to create, implement, and test an automated order mentoring system on the Nusademy Web Application which is integrated with the Xendit payment application, the Google Calendar scheduling application, and the Google Hangouts video-conferencing application. The automation system provides automatic services in billing, checking payment status, communication processes between users and admins, communication processes between admins and mentors, creating virtual mentoring rooms, and notification of mentoring agenda reminders. The system is launched on a cloud computing-based server which can enable automatic capacity scaling based on user requests using Google Cloud Run. Testing of the order mentoring automation system is carried out by considering aspects of system capability, system reliability, level of effectiveness, user experience, and business analysis.
Human papilloma virus infection: vaccine knowledge attitude, and informational behavior among undergraduate students
Authors:   Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan, Fatima Rayyan , Sultana Sabira , Saleem Khatija , Rafi Aansa , Sethi Aisha , Akram Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Background: The study aimed to know the Human Papilloma Virus infection, vaccine knowledge attitude, and informational behavior among university students. Methodology: The study was conducted on students of Government College University Faisalabad from January 2022 to March 2022. The study consisted of a questionnaire that verbalized the awareness and prevalence of HPV in particular age groups male and female students. The questionnaire was divided into four sections to assess the awareness, knowledge, and behavior of students toward the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Results: In the demographic representation about 85% (n=235 out of 275) of students belong to the age group of 18-22 while 14% (n=38 out of 275) students were from 23 to 24 years old. 23%(n=64) students were males while 76%(n=211) participants were females. Figures collected showed that 1%(n=3) participants were married while the remaining (about 98%) were single. According to the figures, about 70% of the partakers knew about the mode of transmission and the complications caused by the Human Papilloma Virus while 34% of all the students had no idea about HPV, its transmission, complications, or treatment. 65% had an idea that HPV causes genital warts and 75% were aware of the HPV vaccine. Moreover, 65% of students thought condoms as a source of prevention against HPV and 54% marked contact with body fluids as a mode of transmission of HPV. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude towards HPV infection and HPV-related diseases and HPV vaccine among female students in the Government College University Faisalabad were significant. There is a need of well-defined education programs in the form of seminars, workshops and symposiums on the awareness of HPV infection are necessary to fill the knowledge gap among general population.
Social Media Excessive Use and COVID-19 Related Stress in Young Adults
Authors: Bilal Ahmad , Fatima Huma , Usman Aqsa
Published: January 2023

Social media use significantly increased during the novel pandemic. The problems of infodemic associated with uncontrolled social media usage added to COVID-19 related stress in young adults. This study was aimed at finding the relationship between problematic social media usage, COVID-19 related stress and time spent on social media. A cross-sectional research design with a survey method was applied to the population of Punjab Province, Pakistan. The data of 412 participants of age 18 to 35 (38% males and 62% females) was analyzed for results. Statistical analysis showed that COVID-19 related stress is positively and significantly (r =0.40, p < .01) associated with social media excessive use but not with the time spent on social media. The R2 value of 0.16 revealed that the predictor variable (social media excessive use) explained 16% variance in the outcome variable (COVID-19 related stress) with F (1, 410) = 76.79, p < .001. The study confirms the negative effects of excessive social media consumption on mental health during the pandemic. The benefits of findings for policymakers, government and health psychologists are discussed.
The Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pregnant Women Regarding Physical Activity in Turbat, Kech
Authors: Yaseen Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Physical activity during pregnancy provides significant physical and psychological well beings. But still, pregnant women are reluctant to perform physical activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding physical activity (PA) among pregnant women of Turbat, Kech, Pakistan. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire on 110 pregnant women from antenatal clinics of the Teaching hospital in Kech, Pakistan. Chi-square was used to show the relationship between different socio-demographic variables and knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding physical activity. The result found that the education of the women was positively correlated with the knowledge of physical activity during pregnancy. The attitude of the women regarding physical activity was also positively correlated with the weight of women. Whereas the practices of the women about physical activity were positively correlated with age, the number of children, and the number of pregnancies.
Exploring the Reflective Teaching Practices of Pakistani and Saudi Arabian Elementary Teachers: A Cross-Case Analysis
Authors: Zulfqar Asia , Quraishi Uzma , Arif Sophia
Published: January 2023

This research intends to explore the level of adopted reflective teaching practices of Pakistani and Saudi Arabian elementary school teachers. A qualitative research methodology was adopted to collect data both from Pakistani and Saudi Arabian elementary school teachers. An equal number of teachers participated in this research. Thus, in total, 30 teachers showed their agreement to take part in this research. The interview protocol was designed based on Kolb’s model of reflection. All the data were transcribed verbatim for analysis. A cross-case analysis was performed to identify the results. Our findings suggest that there is not a major difference between Pakistani and Arabian elementary teachers given their reflective practices. Out of four components of Kolb’s model of reflection, the results on two components, reflective observation and active experimentation, were the same for Pakistani and Arabian teachers. While on further two components, concrete experience and abstract conceptualization were adopted differently by Pakistani and Arabian teachers. Limitations and recommendations for future research were discussed.
دلالات الرموز في الفن العراقي وتمثلاتها في نتاجات طلبة قسم التربية الفنية
Authors: فالح زيد
Published: January 2023

أن الفن العراقي القديم (الفن السومري) وما يحتفي بالكثير من الرموز والإشارات كانت فاعلة في هذا الفن مثل نزوع الفنان في الفن العراقي إلى الفكر التأملي بعقيدته الدينية وأساطيره التي أوصلته إلى أجواء تجريدية رمزية تقدمت على مثيلاتها من الفنون، إن كل هذا يحتاج إلى آلية للفحص ولبيان الأثر في معرفة القديم وتأثيره بالجديد أي تأثير القديم بالجديد أو يتم إنتاجه بطريقة جديدة إذ أن طلبة قسم التربية الفنية - كلية الفنون الجميلة / جامعة بغداد  الذين تأثروا بالفن العراقي القديم لاسيما الرموز التي ظهرت في نتاجات الطلبة، ومن هنا تأتي مشكلة البحث الحالي حيث يجيب البحث على السؤال الأتي :-

هل ظهرت الرموز الفنية في الفن العراقي القديم لدى نتاجات طلبة التربية الفنية؟ وما هي دلالاتها؟

إذ يهدف البحث الحالي إلى:

الكشف عن الرموز في الفن العراقي القديم (الفن السومري) ودلالاتها.

الكشف عن الرموز في الفن العراقي القديم (الفن السومري) في نتاجات طلبة التربية الفنية.

بما أن البحث الحالي يهدف إلى الكشف عن الرموز السومرية ودلالاتها في نتاجات المشاريع طلبة قسم التربية الفنية، لذلك اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي – أسلوب تحليل المحتوى، كونه أكثر المناهج العلمية الملائمة لتحقيق هدف البحث، اذ يتكون مجتمع البحث من نتاجات مشاريع التخرج لطلبة قسم التربية الفنية التي أنجزها عام (2020/2021) البالغ عددهم (54) بواقع عملين لكل طالب حيث يصبح المجموع (108) عمل فني في مجال الرسم، تم عينة قصدية من مشاريع التخرج لطلبة قسم التربية الفنية - الدراسة الصباحية، والتي بلغت (5)  اعمال فنية تحمل الرموز السومرية ودلاتها التي هي جوهر هدف البحث المتمثل بالرموز والدلالاتها في الفن العراقي القديم (السومري) وانعكاساته لدى نتاجات طلبة التربية الفنية، ولاستخراج النتائج فقد استخدم الوسائل الاحصائية وهي (قانون النسبة المئوية – قانون فشر)، اهم النتائج هي:

1-الرمز المفرد: ظهر الرمز الادمي بدرجة تظعهر بقوة في النماذج (1، 3، 5) وبدرجة الا تظهر في النماذج (2، 4).

2-الرمز المركب: ظهر الرمز الطبيعي + طبيعي بدرجة تظهر بقوة في النماذج (1، 5) وبدرجة لاتهر في النماذج (2، 3، 4).
بناء القصيدة الأندلسية في المجموعة النبهانية... نماذج مختارة
Authors: جمعة كريمة
Published: January 2023

سعى هذا البحث الموسوم بـ (بناء القصيدة الأندلسية في المجموعة النبهانية... نماذج مختارة) للإجابة على تساؤل مفاده... ما الكيفية التي ابتنى بها شعراء الأندلس في المجموعة قصائدهم المدحية؟

وقد تمّت الإجابة عن هذا التساؤل عبر دراسة بعض البنى التي تقرب شكل القصيدة الأندلسية في المجموعة إلى ذهن الملتقي، وذلك عبر دراسة بنية العنونة، والبنية الفنية، والبنية التركيبية، والتي سجلت حضورًا لافتًا للقصيدة الأندلسية في المجموعة.
الطفولة وآراء علماء الدين والعلماء الغربيين
Authors: كاظم حسين , شمخي مينا
Published: January 2023

نتناول في هذا البحث آراء علماء الدين الإسلامي من جهة، والعلماء الغربيين من جهة أخرى، عبر مقارنة بين آراء الاثنين في سيكلوجيا الطفولة، وقد اخترنا عالمين من علماء الإسلام هما: ابن سينا وابن خلدون، وقد قسم الأول الطفولة على مراحل، هي: مرحلة الولادة، ومرحلة المهد والرضاعة، ومرحلة الطفولة المبكرة، ومرحلة الطفولة الوسطي، وأخيرا مرحلة البلوغ، ودرس كل مرحلة على حده، أما أبن خلدون، فلم يعالج مرحلة الطفولة من ناحية التكوين والنمو، ولم يقسمها كما فعل ابن سينا، ولكنه نظر إليها من الناحية التربوية والتعلىمية، وابرز كتبه التي تناولت هذا الموضوع هو المقدمة. وأما علماء الغرب، فقد تناولنا آراء فرويد، وأورلا نسكي، وجونسون، وكان فرويد قد قسم الطفولة الي مراحل: المرحلة الفموية، والمرحلة الشرجية، ومرحلة المناطق الجنسية، ومرحلة الكمون، والمرحلة الجنسية الراشدة، وهو مثال ناجح للطريقة التي يتعامل بها علماء الغرب مع الطفولة، لذا فقد تكون بحثنا من مبحثين، وزعناهما على آراء العلماء: اسلاميين وغربيين.
The Use of The Theory of Multiple Intelligence in Learning English Pronouncing When Suffering from Learning Difficulties
Authors: Hannoon Tuqa
Published: January 2023

The study planned to research First: Is there any relationship among Various Insights in gaining English articulation while experiencing learning troubles? Second: Is there any distinction between Different Insights and English articulating capability between male students and female students? A sum of 300 university English majors filled in as subjects of the review, including 125 guys and 175 females. just 22 were avoided, they assisted with finishing up the poll of numerous Insights. Moreover, their English scores or/and levels of School Selection tests were embraced as their English capability. Besides, illustrative investigation and relapse examination were broken down by the Factual Bundle for Sociology (SPSS). All came to the response to the inquiry assuming great English articulating students were more grounded with Verbal/Phonetic insight. Obviously, in the review, the response was negative, and involving the Hypothesis of Different Insight in learning English Articulating, is an exceptionally effective language learning device, and has an extremely sure relationship to beat any challenges in learning English articulating. Furthermore, In regards to distinctions in sexual orientation, guys would be wise to English articulating capability than females. However, the distinctions didn't arrive at a critical level.
A Weberian Framework for Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Fathabadi Jassem
Published: January 2023

Discourse analysis, since its emergence, has gone through various changes and modifications, especially in the trend coming to prominence as critical discourse analysis. This trend has always manifested the impact of brilliant ideas by great intellectuals from different disciplines such as philosophy, sociology, psychology, and social theory. Max Weber is one of the towering figures in the history of sociology whose method of conducting sociological analysis, especially the concept of ideal types, has not been adequately utilized in discourse studies. Throughout years, critical discourse analysis has been criticized on account of its founding assumptions, vagueness, preferences for a particular social theory, lack of rigor, unsystematic nature, lack of methodological consistency, nontransparent research procedures, etc. Simply stated, using its theories in conducting actual analysis has always been a problem for researchers. This study is an attempt to propose a framework using Weber’s ideas and methodology which enables researchers to utilize discourse theories in practice. The Weberian framework does not reject other theories within the field as it is in line with an orientation termed hyper-differentiation of theories in which theories coexist rather than compete with each other.
Gamification on Working Memory: The Use of Puzzles in Advancing Education Outcomes in Qatari Public Schools
Authors: Makki Fadi , Sedas Paola Schietekat , Klauznicer Helena Vlahinja
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the effect of gamification tools on the learning outcomes of an educational program that uses football to convey keywords representing the life skills students are expected to develop throughout the program. During each session, three keywords were reinforced. To enhance the retrieval abilities of students (n=732) from Grades 3 to 6, a behavioural intervention was rolled out, consisting of six sets of puzzles that each formed a keyword. Students in the treatment group were asked to assemble the puzzles corresponding to the three keywords of the session, while control students followed the standard planned reflection. Students were then quizzed on their ability to recognize the keywords from among a list of words. The intervention resulted in a 14.2% increase in the number of correct words identified, significant at the 5% level, with the keyword ‘communication’ showing a retention rate 25.3 percentage points higher in the treatment group compared to control. Such findings support the implementation of gamification tools in educational settings, as they can be helpful in developing students’ working memory, which is instrumental in bridging abstract concepts and practical, applicable life skills.
Kamu Hizmetlerinin Sunumunda Dijitalleşme Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÖNEN Semih Mustafa , KAHRAMAN Nilgün
Published: January 2023

Kamu hizmetlerinin günümüzde nitelik ve nicelik olarak değişmesi, hizmetlerin vatandaşlara daha hızlı ve daha pratik sunulmasını gerektirmektedir. Kamu hizmetlerindeki dönüşüme bağlı olarak kamu yönetiminin paradigmasında da önemli değişimler yaşanmıştır. Geleneksel Kamu Yönetimi (GKY) anlayışına tepki olarak ortaya çıkan Yeni Kamu Yönetimi (YKY) anlayışı ile birlikte, hizmetlerde hiyerarşik, tepeden inme, emredici bürokrasi temelli anlayış değişime uğramış ve daha insan odaklı, vatandaşı temel alan bir düşünce ön plana çıkmıştır. Kamu hizmetlerinin sunum biçimindeki değişikliklere bağlı olarak vatandaşlar müşteri olarak algılanmış, etkinlik ve verimliliğe dayalı hizmetlerin yapılması benimsenmiştir.
Günümüzde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelere bağlı olarak dijital hizmetler, kamu hizmetlerinin sunumunda giderek yaygın biçimde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Kamu hizmetlerinin dijitalleşmesi sayesinde vatandaşların hizmetlerden daha çabuk ve daha yoğun bir biçimde yararlanması söz konusudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kamu hizmetlerinin sunumunda dijitalleşme süreci kapsamında hizmetlerin GKY anlayışından YKY anlayışına dönüşümünü genel anlamda incelemek ve kamu hizmetlerinde dijitalleşmenin önemi ve yararları hakkında bir değerlendirme yapmaktır. Çalışmada önce GKY anlayışı ile YKY anlayışının kamu hizmetlerine bakışı; ardından ise bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kamu hizmetlerinin sunumu üzerindeki yararları ortaya konmuştur.
Trends in Mycotoxin Contamination of Cereals and Cereal Products in Korea
Authors: Lee Theresa , Baek Seul Gi , Kim Sosoo , Paek Ji-Seon , Park Jin Ju , Choi Jangnam , Choi Jung-Hye , Jang Ja Yeong , Kim Jeomsoon
Published: January 2023

In this review, the mycotoxin contamination of Korean cereals and their products is analyzed by crop based on scientific publications since 2000. Barley, rice, and corn were investigated heavier than the others. The common mycotoxins occurred in all cereals and their products were deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Nivalenol was detected in all samples analyzed but more frequently or mainly in barley, rice, and oat. Fumonisin was commonly detected in corn and sorghum but also in adlay, millet, and rice. Adlay and millet were similar in the contamination pattern that fumonisin and zearalenone were the most frequently detected mycotoxins. Zearalenone was the most commonly detected mycotoxin with concentrations higher than the national standards (maximum limit), followed by deoxynivalenol, and aflatoxin. However, most occurrence levels were below the maximum limits for respective mycotoxins. This result shows that barley, rice, corn, sorghum, millet, and adlay are more vulnerable to mycotoxin contamination than other cereals and therefore continuous monitoring and safety management are necessary.
Association of handgrip strength and depression in medical undergraduate students during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lakshmi Vijaya
Published: January 2023

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected the life of all individuals including medical undergraduate students, both physically as well as mentally. Handgrip muscle strength is the maximum force developed during maximal voluntary contraction under a given set of conditions using a handgrip dynamometer. Various studies have concluded that muscle strength can be a predictor of depressive symptoms among the elderly population. Not much attention has been given to assess similar correlation in younger generation.

Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation of maximal hand grip strength with depression among young population especially medical undergraduates during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 medical students in 18–24 years age group (25 male and 25 female) in North India. The grip strength of dominant as well as non-dominant hand was measured thrice at an interval of 1 min, and highest reading recorded was considered to be the maximum hand grip strength for each student. Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were assessed using DASS 21scale.

Results: Data were analyzed on Microsoft excel. It was noted that handgrip strength in both male and female students were decreased. Overall students were having symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress.

Conclusion: The present study suggests that there should be awareness of and sensitivity to student’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Handgrip strength can be a reliable method of identifying stressed individuals and is a safe, cheap, time economical, and easy to perform method for a large number of participants.
Summary of Research on Order Financing Decision Optimization and Risk Management
Authors: Fu Yi-fan , Zhang Mu
Published: January 2023

To alleviate the pressure of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises in my country, order financing has become one of the effective ways to solve the financing difficulties of China's small and medium-sized enterprises. Order financing is a kind of supply chain financing mode. Compared with traditional accounts payable financing, order financing advances the financing link, accelerates the capital turnover efficiency, and better solves the urgent demand for funds of small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper reviews the research status of order financing from three aspects: order financing model evolution, decision optimization, and risk management. Through combing the existing literature, it puts forward appropriate policy recommendations for the order financing model under the current development status, which will provide direction for the development of order financing in the future.