bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Foreign Employment on Entrepreneurial Activities in Pokhara Metropolitan City
Authors: Thapa Kiran
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the influence of foreign employment on the business establishment in the home countries of labour migrants through mediating roles of increased income, skill acquisition, and experience, within the context of entrepreneurial economics. Employing a descriptive and analytical research design, the study utilises primary quantitative data to analyse the relationships among these variables rigorously. The findings demonstrate that experience and skills acquired abroad significantly influence the likelihood of business establishment upon return. In contrast, the anticipated positive effects of increased earnings resulting from foreign employment were found to be statistically insignificant in driving entrepreneurial activity. These findings underscore the pivotal role of human capital development, particularly through skill acquisition, experience and education, in fostering entrepreneurship among returning migrants, as opposed to relying solely on financial aspects. This research contributes to the existing literature by elucidating the complex interplay between foreign employment, remittances, and entrepreneurial outcomes, thereby providing valuable insights for potential interventions to foster entrepreneurial activities.
Financial Literacy of Women: Insights from Fair-Trade Craft Producers, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Bhaba Datta
Published: December 2024

The study emphasized on the critical role of fair-trading practices in promoting women’s economic empowerment in the handicraft sector of Nepal. The aim of this study is to assess the financial literacy of women working in fair trade activities led by Association for Craft Producers. This study anchored on human capital theory. Methodologically the paper looks at the phenomenon objectively and employed scientific methods to generate knowledge. For this, natural data were gathered through administered self-questionnaires from 101 employed women involved in fair-trade economic ventures under association of craft products in Kathmandu valley including home-based and in-house producers. Descriptive statistical tools, such as frequency distribution, tabulation, percentage and diagrams were used for data analysis. The finding indicate that that financial literacy positively affects economic entrepreneurship, employment opportunities, household decision making process, and overall women economic empowerment. This paper has approved the notion of both empowerment and capability approach to development. For women economic empowerment, the supporting key factors such as, entrepreneurship, employment, training, educating, family support, and organizational backing can escalate the financial literacy and economic empowerment. Acquiring the essential skill, training, knowledge, and support in terms of financial issues enable women to meet their socio-economic needs and influx the individual capacity. The finding could be very useful to planners, policy makers, and women centric development practitioners to escalate the financial knowledge and support the women economic empowerment. This study suggests subsequent researchers to conduct similar issues considering longitudinal studies and comparative study between rural and urban areas.
Modeling CO2 Emissions in Nepal: The Role of Renewable Energy
Authors: Poudel Omkar , Kharel Khom Raj , Acharya Pradeep , Sharma Deep Raj , Upadhyaya Yadav Mani
Published: December 2024

Climate change and environmental degradation, largely driven by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, have become significant global concerns. In Nepal, the challenge of balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability is pertinent due to the country's reliance on agriculture and hydropower. This study explores the relationship between CO2 emissions, socio-economic factors, and renewable energy consumption in Nepal, utilizing advanced econometric techniques. Using a 30-year dataset from 1991 to 2020, this study employs the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) model to examine long-term relationships between CO2 emissions and key independent variables such as renewable energy consumption, GDP, and human development. Unit root tests (ADF and PP) are conducted to ensure stationarity, followed by co-integration and causality tests. The findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth, supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Conversely, renewable energy consumption is found to significantly reduce CO2 emissions, underscoring its role in mitigating environmental impacts. The coefficient for renewable energy consumption (LNREC) is -5.818686. This implies that for every 1% increase in renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions decrease by approximately 5.82%. The results highlight the importance of renewable energy in balancing Nepal's economic and environmental goals.
Application of Mathematics in Economics
Authors: Kumar Nand Kishor
Published: December 2024

Mathematics is adopted in economics to provide a precise, logical, and systematic framework for analyzing and solving problems related to resource allocation, production, consumption, and distribution. This article demonstrates how some economic principles are translated into mathematical form and solves various economic issues using basic mathematical methods. Mathematics is used to create economic models. The Cobb-Douglas production model, IS-LM model, supply and demand model, game theory, Solow growth model, and others are examples of concrete economic models. Mathematics serves as the backbone of modern economics, providing rigor and a structured approach to understanding complex systems. By leveraging mathematical tools and models, economists can analyze data, predict outcomes, and design policies to address real-world challenges.
Quality of Sleep and its Impact on the Academic Performance of Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Sah Satish Kumar , Singh Neeti , Pandey Srijana , Sherpa Lama Ang Tshering , Panta Prem Prasad , Shrestha Ayasha , Shah Sachin , Bhattarai Pawan , Ray Raju , Chettri Mahesh Singh
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Good quality sleep and adequate amount of sleep are important in order to have better cognitive performance, academic performance and avoid health problems and psychiatric disorders. Sleep disturbance is a distressing and disabling condition that affects many people, and can affect on quality of work and education of students. Thus the aim of the study to assess the factors that contributes to the quality of sleep and its impact on academic performance.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital from May to June 2024 after taking ethical clearance from KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital- Institutional Review Committee before collecting data from participants. Subjects were recruited by Non-Probability sampling technique from students of first, second, third and fourth years and were asked to fill the self-reported questionnaires, using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using Statistical Software for Social Sciences version 16.
Results: Out of 280 medical students, 83(29.6%) have poor sleep quality with prevalence among male and female students as 44 (53.01%) and 39(46.99%) respectively. Age, year of study and exam result was found to be statistically significant with p value less than 0.05.
Conclusions: This poor sleep quality is directly and indirectly affecting physical and social health as well as the academic performance of the students. Awareness programs concerning the effect of distorted sleep cycle are suggested to be conducted.
Correlation Between Magnesium and HbA1C in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Makaju Hari Sharan , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Yadav Binod Kumar , Tuladhar Eans Tara , Bhandari Roshan , Bhattarai Aseem , Raut Mithileshwor , Dubey Raju Kumar , Niraula Apeksha , Sapkota Alisha , Neupane Anant , Ramtel Rabina
Published: December 2024

Background: Magnesium (Mg) is most abundant electrolyte with unlimited physiologic importance in the body, playing a vital role in many fundamental processes. Cellular magnesium is an essential cofactor for various enzymes involved in glucose transport, insulin release and glucose oxidation. Mg has potential role in improving insulin sensitivity and preventing diabetes and its complications. Hypomagnesemia promotes to the initiation and progression of DM and its macrovascular and microvascular complications.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of magnesium with HbA1C in T2DM.
Material and Methods: This cross sectional study conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, included 85 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes Mellitus visiting Medicine OPD and 85 apparently healthy controls. Clinical and anthropometric characteristics were documented using clinical proforma. The fasting blood samples were collected for estimating serum glucose, HbA1C and magnesium.
Results: The mean values of BMI, FBG, HbA1C were found to be significantly elevated in T2DM, but that of Mg were higher in healthy controls (p<0.05). The prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM was found to be 32.94%. The Serum magnesium levels were moderate negatively correlated (r = -0.544, P<0.001) with HbA1C.
Conclusion: Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus showed significantly low magnesium levels compared to heathy controls as well as uncontrolled HbA1C levels also showed significantly low magnesium level than controlled HbA1C level. There was significant inverse correlation between serum Mg level and HbA1C level in patients with T2DM. So if serum magnesium values are made to rise, HbA1C values will fall.
Renal Disease in Nepal, Under Microscope: One Year Study
Authors: Mainali Nirajan , Acharya Barsha , Lamichhane Upasana , Phulara Ganesh
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Renal disease is a significant health problem in Nepal that is creating an increasing health and economic burden. Renal disease usually does not cause symptoms until reaching an advanced stage. Correct diagnosis of renal biopsy requires correlation of clinical, biochemical, and serological parameters and histopathological examination by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and sometimes electron microscopic examination. The present study was conducted to study the histopathological patterns of all renal biopsy specimens in Nepal with the help of information obtained from Light microscopy and Immunofluorescence examination.
 Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional (Prospective study) undertaken at the Pathology Department at Pratham Pathology Laboratory, Lazimpat for 1year duration (January 1ST - December 31ST 2022), all renal biopsy specimens of patients with different glomerular diseases were enrolled. The final diagnosis was made by a pathologist correlating with the histopathological along with immunofluorescence and other clinical and laboratory findings.
Results: A total of 195 patient renal biopsy specimens between ages (1-80 years) were enrolled. The majority of patients were in the age group of 21-30 years (23.60%). The study showed slight female predominance with a male-to-female ratio of 1: 1.34.   The most common renal disease was Lupus Nephritis with a frequency of 64 with a predominance of Lupus Type IV with a frequency of 34 (17.45.  Among all, 21 cases were of Chronic Glomerulonephritis and the most common leading cause for it was IgA Nephropathy with a frequency of 8 (38.10%).
Conclusions: The most commonly diagnosed renal disease under a microscope was Lupus Nephritis with a frequency of 34 (17.45%). The leading primary glomerular disease for Chronic glomerulonephritis was IgA Nephropathy with a frequency of 8 (38.10%).
Hypertension Among Patients Presenting with Epistaxis in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khakurel Gita , Mahato Nayan Bahadur
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Epistaxis is one of the most common emergency conditions. Hypertension has been considered to be a major cause of spontaneous epistaxis for a long time. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of hypertension among patients presenting with epistaxis in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the patients visiting  Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital with active nose bleeding from January 2023 to December 2023. Patients visiting the Emergency Department with active nose bleeding were included in the study by convenience sampling method. The blood pressure (BP)was measured in the Emergency Department at the time of presentation and patients with BP of >140/90 mmHg were considered to be hypertensive. Data was collected and statistical analysis was done in Statistical Packages for Social Services version 22.
Results: A total of 250 patients were included in this study. The prevalence of hypertension in patients with epistaxis in the present study is 28.8 %. Hypertension was more common in males and elderly patients above 60 years.
Conclusions: Our study showed that hypertension was more common in male and elderly patients Regular blood pressure monitoring should be advised for elderly patients. Other causes of epistaxis could be explored in future studies.
Wojskowy wymiar pełnoskalowego okresu wojny w Ukrainie – analiza i wnioski
Authors: Piekarski Michał
Published: December 2024

The article explores the military dimension of the full-scale period of Russian aggression on Ukraine whic started on 24 February 2022. The text begins with a presentation of pre-war assessments of Russian militar power and the role of armed forces in Russian security policy. The second part of the article briefly describes the war, from the Russian invasion, through the defence of Kiev, and laterthe Ukrainian counteroffensive, focusing on land operations. Maritime and air operations are also mentioned. Finally, the main part of the text juxtaposes pre-war assessments with the actual course of hostilities. Several most important trends are described
Integracja ekonomiczna imigrantów z Ukrainy w Polsce w kontekście trendów demograficznych
Authors: Strzelecki Paweł
Published: December 2024

Russia’s aggression against Ukraine in 2014 and then in 2022 was associated with an influx of immigrants to Poland, unprecedented in recent history, most of whom found employment in Poland relatively quickly. The article aims to examine the factors influencing employment and declarations regarding the intention to remain in Poland permanently among various groups of immigrants from Ukraine remaining in Poland. Groups of men and women were analysed, as well as the division into refugees (forced immigrants) related to the full-scale war that began in 2022 and previous economic immigrants. It has been confirmed tha among all immigrants a very good knowledge of the Polish language has a positive impact on employment and declarations of settlement in Poland. However, the analyses confirm that the same factors often have different impacts on people belonging to different analysed groups. For example, knowledge of the Polish language was essential for finding work for female refugees. Still, it was not important to take up work by voluntary immigrants who arrived before the war. No negative impact of child benefits on the employment of forced immigrants was found, but in the case of previous immigrants, these benefits were associated with a significantly lower probability of employment. The differences in motivations of different groups of Ukrainian immigrants in Poland are important from the point of view of policies facilitating the economic integration of immigrants in Poland. They are also important for predicting the propensity for settlement migration in Poland or potential returns to Ukraine in the future
Polska edukacja wobec wojny w Ukrainie. Znaczenie szkolnych relacji w procesach integracyjnych i we wzmacnianiu spójności społecznej
Authors: Federowicz Michał , Terepyshchyi Serhii
Published: December 2024

The article examines how Polish schools include Ukrainian refugee children and youth to regular education. It combines various sources of quantitative and qualitative data with the authors’ original field research to place the issue of education in the broader context of migration and the labour market. It reconstructs the diverse family contexts of Ukrainian children to demonstrate the need for diversified approaches to migrant students in education. Major results of the study point to unsatisfactory efforts by schools to strengthen relationships between Polish and migrant students. On the other hand, according to Ukrainian mothers and other sources, teacher-student relationships are usually very supportive to migrant students. However, poo relationships between students themselves hinder the learning process. Closer relations between Polish and migrant students can improve education and are important for further integration of migrants into society.
The Relationship between Morphometry of The Proximal Femur Bone and The Type of Proximal Femur Bone Fracture in The Elderly Female Population at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan from 2017 to 2022
Authors: Tirta Clement
Published: December 2024

Background:
Fractures of the pelvic bone are frequently encountered in elderly patients and are often associated with increased mortality rates. At the moment, identifying osteoporosis as a risk factor for proximal femur fractures is the primary focus. The morphometry of the proximal femur can also be utilized to predict the risk factors for proximal femur fractures. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between proximal femur bone morphometry and proximal femur fractures in elderly women at H. Adam Malik General Teaching Hospital, Medan.

Material & Methods:
This study is an observational analytical research aimed at investigating the relationship between the morphometry of the proximal femur bone and the type of proximal femur bone fracture in an elderly female population. The study will adhere to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The morphometric variables measured in this study are hip axis length (HAL), femoral head diameter (FHD), femoral neck length (FNL), femoral neck diameter (FND), horizontal offset (HO), and femoral neck shaft angle (FNSA).

Result:
This study collected 90 samples, with 15 of them not meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a final sample size of 75. Out of 75 research samples, the Hip Axis Length (HAL) has an Eta test value of 0.264. The Femoral Head Diameter (FHD) has an Eta test value of 0.162. The Femoral Neck Diameter (FND) has an Eta test value of 0.276. The Femoral Neck Length (FNL) has an Eta test value of 0.277. The Horizontal Offset (HO) has an Eta test value of 0.277. The Femoral Neck Shaft Angle (FNSA) has an Eta test value of 0.488.

Conclusion:
This study reports a weak correlation between the morphometry of hip axis length, femoral neck diameter, femoral neck length, femoral neck diameter, and horizontal offset of the proximal femur with proximal femur fractures. Furthermore, a moderate correlation was found between the morphometry of the femoral neck-shaft angle of the proximal femur and the type of proximal femur fracture.
Outcome Comparison Between Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Versus Conservative Treatment in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Dharmayuda Putu Angga
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are common in older adults and cause chronic back discomfort and kyphotic deformity. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is preferred over conservative treatment (CT) for pain relief and quality of life improvement. However, there are ongoing debates about PVP's effectiveness and safety, with some suggesting it should only be available to patients who have exhausted other non-invasive options.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted following the principles outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A thorough literature search was conducted to get a complete, peer-reviewed manuscript in English that compares the outcomes of vertebroplasty versus conservative therapy in osteoporotic compression fractures. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. This systematic study aims to compare the therapeutic efficacy of vertebroplasty versus conservative therapy.

Results:
The electronic investigation identified 236 entries from various databases, screening them for eligibility, assessing duplicates, and eliminating duplicates, resulting in 9 studies for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The heterogeneity across studies was examined throughout the I2 statistic described as follows: low, 25% to 50%; moderate 50% to 75%; or high>75%. There is no significant difference found in 1 week and 3 months of pain relief in these two groups in pain relief (mean difference 0.73 (-0.52, 1.96); 95% CI, P = 0,25); (mean difference -0.76 (-2.02, 0.49); 95% CI, =0.23). we found no statistically significant difference between those two groups favoring the PVP group in terms of quality-of-life outcome (mean difference -0.76 (-2.02, 0.49); 95% CI, P < 0.23); (mean difference 1.75 (-0.87, 4.38); 95% CI, P < 0.19). PVP has no association with new adjacent vertebral fractures. (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI
-0.07 (-0.17, 0.03); I2 = 0%, P = 0.16).

Conclusion:
Comparatively, percutaneous vertebroplasty was determined to be more effective in alleviating pain and enhancing quality of life, without posing an elevated risk of nearby vertebral fracture as compared to the CT group. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a more extensive investigation to determine which patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are most likely to experience a positive outcome following percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) with little risk of sequelae.
Nutrition literacy status of university students, influencing factors, and its relationship with healthy nutrition attitudes
Authors: Çiğdem Aylin , Emre Nilüfer
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the nutrition literacy status of university students, the factors influencing it, and its relationship with healthy nutrition attitudes.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. A total of 317 students aged 18-24 studying at Pamukkale University were included in the study. A questionnaire was administered to the students, which included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS), and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) assessing nutrition attitudes.
Results: Of the 317 students who participated in the study, 48.9% (n=155) were female, and 17.4% (n=55) were studying in health-related departments. The mean nutrition literacy score of the students was 70.85±9.69. Nutrition literacy scores were found to be significantly higher in those studying in health-related departments compared to other departments, in those who received nutritional education compared to those who did not, and in those who exercised regularly compared to those who did not (p
Firearms lethal means safety among Veterans: Attitudes toward involving a concerned significant other
Authors: DeBeer Bryann B. , Matthieu Monica M. , Degutis Linda C. , Clafferty Stephanie , Blessing Alexis , Quan Cameron , Morissette Sandra B.
Published: December 2024

LAY SUMMARY

Firearms are the most common lethal means of suicide used by Veterans. Secure storage of firearms is linked to decreased risk for suicide. To prevent death by suicide via firearm, Veterans’ viewpoints on secure firearm storage and discussions on lethal means safety need to be understood. As part of a quality improvement project, the authors interviewed Veterans who experienced suicidal thoughts or attempts, as well as their family members or friends (designated as concerned significant others, or CSOs), to understand their views, practices, and recommendations on secure firearm storage. Overall, Veterans understood the importance of safe firearm storage practices and wanted to have open and direct conversations about secure firearm storage and mental health. The Veterans’ CSOs had similar viewpoints in that all were willing to assist with safe firearm storage in times of suicidal distress or crisis, and they would approach discussions on secure firearm storage and suicide prevention directly. Findings support the acceptability of involving a CSO in a lethal means safety intervention for Veterans who own firearms.
Comparing the Comprehension of the One Health Concept Among Veterinary Students in Online and Classroom Teaching Settings
Authors: Yanmaz Berna
Published: December 2024

The integration of the One Health concept into veterinary education is critical for preparing future professionals to address the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. This study aimed to compare the comprehension of the One Health concept among veterinary students in online ( n = 48) and classroom ( n = 49) teaching settings and to assess changes in their awareness following instruction by administering pre- and post-course questionnaires to evaluate students’ attitudes and perceptions of the One Health concept. An enhancement was noted from before to after education in both settings. However, no significant differences between the online and classroom settings for any of the questions before or after education were detected ( p > 0.05). The students’ perspectives on the course methodology employed were not statistically different ( p = 0.25) between classroom teaching and online teaching. In conclusion, both online and traditional classroom instruction can effectively enhance veterinary students’ perceived comprehension of the One Health concept. This underscores the versatility of instructional modalities and emphasizes the need for flexibility in educational practice to meet the diverse needs of learners.
Client Characteristics and the Effectiveness of Embedded Counseling Services in a College of Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Karaffa Kerry M. , Meyer Anne T. , Sanford-Martens Tiffany C.
Published: December 2024

Despite the widespread implementation of embedded counseling models in veterinary training programs, limited information is available about veterinary students and house officers who seek help, and researchers have not evaluated the effectiveness of counseling services. This study sought to describe clients’ characteristics, presenting concerns, and mental health histories, in addition to determining if participating in counseling was associated with decreases in psychological distress. The sample included 437 Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) students and house officers receiving embedded counseling services between August 2016 and March 2024 at a public university in the Midwestern United States. Approximately half were first-year students when they initially accessed services. The most common presenting concerns included stress, anxiety, depression, academic performance, perfectionism, self-esteem/confidence, attention/concentration difficulties, mood instability, sleep difficulties, adjustment, family issues, career concerns, eating/body image concerns, and specific relationship problems. DVM students and house officers reported higher scores on some, but not all, measures of psychological distress prior to participating in counseling, compared with a normative sample of college students seeking counseling at university counseling centers. However, these differences tended to be small in magnitude. Participating in counseling was associated with meaningful improvements in depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, academic distress, eating concerns, frustration/anger, family distress, substance use, suicidal ideation, and overall psychological distress. Clients who reported improvements in depression and anxiety also tended to report reductions in academic distress, which underscores the value of embedded counseling services in improving the well-being and academic retention of DVM students and house officers. Implications for outreach, research, and clinical practice are discussed.
Informe de progreso sobre la estrategia de retención de derechos (RRS)
Authors: De-Castro Pablo
Published: December 2024

Dos años después de la publicación de la nota ThinkEPI inaugural sobre la temática de la estrategia de retención de derechos (RRS) (https://doi.org/10.3145/thinkepi.2022.e16a26), es un buen momento para revisitar la aplicación de esta estrategia y para reportar sobre alguno de sus resultados. A fecha de hoy (noviembre 2024) son ya 35 universidades británicas (la mayoría de ellas research-intensive) las que han adoptado una Política Institucional de Retención de Derechos (IRRP) que están aplicando a la difusión en acceso abierto de su producción científica institucional. Esta pieza pretende examinar los progresos de estas políticas y compartir algunos resultados de la aplicación de la Política Institucional de Retención de Derechos en la institución del autor.
Программа дисциплины «Историческая геология с основами палеонтологии»
Authors: Яковишина Е.В.
Published: December 2024

Программа дисциплины (модуля) разработана в соответствии с самостоятельно установленным МГУ образовательным стандартом (ОС МГУ) для реализуемых основных образовательных программ высшего образования по направлению подготовки «Геология» (программы бакалавриата, магистратуры, реализуемых последовательно по схеме интегрированной подготовки).

Дисциплина «Историческая геология с основами палеонтологии» представляет собой дисциплину базовой части цикла профессиональных дисциплин и относится к модулю «Геология». «Историческая геология с основами палеонтологии» базируется на материалах следующих дисциплин модуля Геология: Введение в специальность; Общая геология. Студенты, обучающиеся по данному курсу, на первом этапе должны быть знакомы с перечнем дисциплин, относящихся к модулю «Геология»; основы курса «Общая геология», необходимые для усвоения методов исторической геологии – стратиграфического, геохронологического, палеогеографического и палеотектонического. На втором этапе освоения курса студенты должны овладеть знаниями по истории развития крупных структур Земной коры – древних платформ (кратонов), складчатых поясов, молодых платформ и океанов, общих закономерностей развития Земли, ее палеогеографии, понимания основных законов эволюции биосферы.

На практических занятиях студенты знакомятся с методами исторической геологи, палеогеографии, изучают реконструкции палеогеографических, эпейрогенических и орогенических движений поверхности земли, строят палеотектонические карты к различным значимым эпохам в истории земли. Изучают тектонические и геологические карты мира, России и Европы.
Очерки истории элитологии: Т. 3 Русская элитологическая мысль от царя Гороха и до наших дней.
Authors: Карабущенко П.Л.
Published: December 2024

История элитологии — одна из самых удивительных историй важнейших идей и великих людей. Эта история о самом важном и самом великом, что было в прошлом человечества. И важным здесь оказывается не столько политика, сколько культура — наука, религия, литература, архитектура... Вместе с тем история развития элитологии — одна из самых слабоизученных тем отечественной и мировой науки. Заполняя этот вакуум, мы постарались в настоящем исследовании максимально охватить историю элит, элитности и идей о них на протяжении практически тысячелетней истории человечества. Очерки включают информацию об элитологических понятиях и терминах; об элитных личностях, оставивших свой след в истории, философии, культуре, литературе, политике, религии и т.д. Российские элиты являются своего рода ключом ко многим культурным и цивилизационным кодам Руси/России. Познавая элиты, мы тем самым разгадывает многие загадки русского духа.
Работа предназначена для историков, философов, политологов, культурологов и всех тех, кто интересуется различными аспектами элитологического знания.
Development of the inverter power unit and control unit of pipeline cathodic protection station
Authors: Заміховський Леонід , Левицький Іван , Николайчук Микола , Еліяшів Олег
Published: December 2024

Мета. Забезпечення надійності і ефективності функціонування станції катодного захисту трубопроводу шляхом інтеграції в неї інверторного силового блоку та інтелектуального блоку керування з автоматичним регулюванням параметрів електрохімзахисту.
Методика. Використано методи аналогової і цифрової схемотехніки, теорії систем та автоматичного керування, методи цифрової обробки сигналів, а також застосовано комплексний підхід щодо побудови системи керування з використанням алгоритмів та методів прийняття рішень.
Результати. В статті проведено критичний аналіз існуючих сучасних рішень станцій катодного захисту щодо принципів їх роботи і алгоритмів керування. Встановлено, що використання трансформаторних станцій катодного захисту трубопроводів неминуче призводить до високих пульсацій, низького ККД, великих габаритів, а низький рівень керування призводить до неефективного використання ресурсів. Проведено розробку функціональної і електричної схеми силового блоку і блоку керування з вимірювання і телеметрії. На базі запропонованої концепції створений дослідний зразок станції катодного захисту, який легко адаптується в залежності від необхідної потужності катодної станції. Створено алгоритм управління блоку керування, що дозволяє здійснити вибір і плавне регулювання цільового параметру електрохімзахисту.
Наукова новизна. Запропоновано структуру силового блоку та блоку керування на основі інверторного принципу роботи і алгоритм інтелектуального керування системою в цілому з можливістю зміни цільового параметру.
Практична значимість. Проведено розробку силового блоку і блоку керування згідно запропонованої структури з використанням сучасної елементної бази. Здійснено реалізацію запропонованих алгоритмів керування в межах модуля керування, який безпосередньо здійснює вимірювання, обробку даних, їх передачу на відстань, а також керування силовим блоком, виконання функції захисту і регулювання. В результаті випробування розробленого дослідного взірця системи катодного захисту в лабораторних умовах вдалось підтвердити його заплановані режими функціонування, при цьому вдалось добитись коефіцієнту корисної дії у 92%, що є високим показником аналогічних систем.
Ключові слова: трубопровід; електрохімзахист; станція катодного захисту; інвертор; мікроконтролер; снабер; топологія push-pull; широтно-імпульсна модуляція.
Application of photoanalysis method to improve the accuracy of the KUZ-RAM model in rock fragmentation prediction
Authors: Піскун Ігор , Пико Віталій , Котенко Володимир , Ігнатюк Роман
Published: December 2024

Метою дослідження є вдосконалення прогнозування гранулометричного складу продуктів вибухових робіт у гірських масивах за допомогою калібрування моделі Kuz-Ram із використанням технологій фотоаналізу.
Методика. Дослідження проводилося на базі родовища вапняку підприємства АТ «Подільський цемент». Використано програмне забезпечення O-Pitblast для моделювання та прогнозування фрагментації підірваної маси згідно з параметрами вибухових робіт, а також Wipfrag для фото аналізу гранулометричного складу. Для калібрування моделі Kuz-Ram застосовано оригінальну методику, що враховує фактор гірської породи, шляхом інтеграції результатів фотоаналізу з параметрами стандартної моделі, що забезпечує більш точне врахування гранулометричних характеристик гірських порід.
Результати. Внаслідок проведеного калібрування моделі Kuz-Ram з використанням даних фото аналізу спостерігається підвищення точності прогнозування гранулометричного складу розвалу. Отримані дані показують покращену відповідність розрахункових та експериментальних значень фрагментації, особливо в діапазоні дрібних часток, що дозволяє досягти більш рівномірного розподілу продуктів вибуху та зменшити відхилення у розмірі уламків породи.
Наукова новизна полягає у розробці нового підходу до калібрування емпіричних моделей прогнозування фрагментації породи, що базується на інтеграції методу фото аналізу із класичною моделлю Kuz-Ram. Запропонована методика підвищує точність обчислення фрагментації у неоднорідних гірських масивах, дозволяючи моделі враховувати специфічні геологічні особливості та фрагментуючі властивості гірських порід.
Практична значимість отриманих результатів полягає у можливості їх використання при проектуванні вибухових робіт у кар’єрах з метою оптимізації розподілу гранулометричного складу гірничої маси. Застосування вдосконаленої моделі Kuz-Ram сприяє зниженню витрат на подрібнення породи після вибухових робіт, підвищенню ефективності видобування та зменшенню екологічного впливу завдяки оптимізації енерговитрат на вибухи.
Ключові слова: гранулометричний склад, вибухові роботи, модель Kuz-Ram, калібрування, фото аналіз, O-Pitblast, Wipfrag, фрагментація гірських порід, прогнозування.
Çiğ Süt ve Tereyağı Örneklerinde Aflatoksin M1 Aranması
Authors: Hizo Mohammed Nooruldeen Saeed , Solmaz Hasan , Uçkun Miraç
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, 2022 ilkbahar mevsiminde, Türkiye ve Irak’taki bazı yerleşim yerlerinde tüketime sunulan inek, koyun, keçi, manda çiğ sütlerinde ve inek tereyağında aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) varlığı araştırıldı ve yasal mevzuatlar dikkate alınarak insan sağlığı yönünden tehlike oluşturup oluşturmadığı belirlendi. Sütlerdeki toksin içerikleri, bu örnekleme noktaları arasında karşılaştırıldı. Çalışmada, 50 adet çiğ inek sütü, 60 adet çiğ koyun sütü, 30 adet çiğ keçi sütü, 30 adet çiğ manda sütü ve 40 adet tereyağı örneği toplanarak AFM1 varlığı ELISA yöntemi ile analiz edildi. Ankara’dan toplanan koyu ve keçi sütü örneklerindeki AFM1 düzeyinin, Musul’dan toplananlara göre istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde yüksek olduğu, ancak Avrupa Birliği ve Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK) limitini (50 ng/kg) aşmadığı görüldü. Musul’dan örneklenen manda sütü ve inek tereyağındaki AFM1 düzeylerinin, sırasıyla Kayseri ve Ankara’da örneklenenlere göre istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde yüksek olduğu ve TGK limitlerini aştığı gözlendi. İnek sütü örneklerinden ise Ankara ve Musul’dan örneklenenlerin AFM1 düzeyinin TGK limitini aştığı tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, Musul’dan toplanan manda sütü, inek sütü ve inek tereyağı ile Ankara’dan toplanan inek sütü örneklerinde tespit edilen AFM1 varlığının halk sağlığı açısından önemli olması nedeniyle, bu bölgelerde, yem olarak kullanılan tarımsal ürünlerin doğru seçimi, uygun koşullarda muhafaza edilmesi, rutin olarak aflatoksin yönünden analiz edilmesi ve sıkı bir şekilde denetlenmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, besi yetiştiriciliği yapan kişiler ile süt ve süt ürünleri üreticilerinin bilgilendirilmesine yönelik iyi tarım uygulamaları konusunda eğitim programları düzenlenerek üretici ve tüketici bilincinin arttırılması sonucu halk sağlığının korunacağı düşünülmektedir.
A Review of the Status of Pygmy Cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus in Cyprus Following the First Record in 25 Years
Authors: Ursúa Martínez Alberto , Parra Adrián
Published: December 2024

This study reports on the status of Pygmy Cormorant in Cyprus, following the first observation of the species since 1999. Notably, this sighting represents the second record of the species from the northern part of the island. The individual was documented at the Agia Eirini reservoir (Akdeniz), a wetland situated between the Kyrenia and Nicosia districts in Northern Cyprus. The same species was observed again at the same location two months after the initial sighting, raising two potential hypotheses: the establishment of the same individual in the area or the arrival of a different specimen which would suggest a tentative expansion of the species' range.
WEIRD
Authors: Callan Brian
Published: December 2024

Based on ethnographic research on Palestinian solidarity activism in and around Jerusalem, this article argues that weirdness is a political feeling. Taking emotion as a form of “wordless knowledge” mediated through the Israeli national narrative, the feeling of weirdness emerges when the expectations of Israelis fail to accord with the practices of military occupation. This is not an intense or overwhelming affect, it does not drive us to fight or flight, or bring us to tears. However, repeated encounters with the failure of their knowledge systems have brought some Israelis to doubt the validity and logic of hegemonic Zionism. Doubt, Hannah Arendt believed, was the outcome of thinking, a human faculty that could condition men against evil-doing. In enabling and augmenting the emergence of doubt, weirdness is a political emotion and one that may play a significant role in the emergence of resistance to the vested interests of oppressive structures in societies everywhere.
Reassessing the (Still) Angry (but Savvy) Strategic Crowd
Authors: Gallo-Cruz Selina
Published: December 2024

Case, Benjamin S. 2022. Street Rebellion: Resistance beyond Violence and Nonviolence. Chico, CA: AK Press. 280 pp., index. ISBN 978-1-8493-5486-8 (paperback), $22.00; ISBN 978-1-8493-5487-5 (ebook) $21.99.
PROCESS OPTIMIZATION AND GREEN CHEMISTRY APPROACH DURING SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 2-CHLOROMETHYL-3,5- DIMETHYL-4-METHOXY PYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: B. Patel Saurabhkumar , K. Sutarsandhiya Ruturaj , R. Chauhan Gautam
Published: December 2024

The present invention is related to the synthetic preparation of 2-chloromethyl-3,5 Dimethyl-4-methoxy pyridine hydrochloride by using a greener chemistry approach and process optimization. The method consists of three steps. The first step is the methoxylation of 3,5- Dimethyl-4-nitropyridine-1-oxide by using sodium hydroxide and methanol to obtain 3,5 Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridine-1-oxide. The second step is methylation followed by hydroxylation of 3,5 Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridine-1-oxide by using dimethyl sulfate, Ammonium persulphate, hydrogen peroxide, and water to obtain 2-hydroxymethyl -3,5-dimethyl -4-methoxy pyridine. The third step is chlorination of 2- hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethyl- 4-methoxy pyridine to obtain 2-chloromethyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy pyridine hydrochloride. The synthesis method of the 2-chloromethyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy pyridine hydrochloride was carried out without isolation of the first and second steps. It improves productivity and reduces the use of solvents. Mass spectra, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and C, H, N, and O elemental analysis characterized 2-chloromethyl-3,5- dimethyl-4-methoxy pyridine hydrochloride product.
Políticas, representaciones y memorias entre Argentina y Alemania: miradas entrelazadas y agendas emergentes
Authors: Welschinger Nicolás
Published: December 2024

Fruto de una década de cooperación interdisciplinaria en ciencias sociales y humanidades entre la Universidad Nacional de La Plata y la Universität Rostock, este libro presenta una serie de contribuciones y avances de investigaciones doctorales –en curso y finalizadas– que aportan claves para responder a estas problemáticas contemporáneas.
Identification of manufacturers and determination of active ingredients in medicinal products using a colorimetric method in the near-IR range with a smartphone
Authors: Amelin V. G. , Emelyanov O. E. , Tretyakov A. V.
Published: December 2024

A non-destructive method for analyzing medicinal products (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, fluoroquinolones, acetylsalicylic acid, vinpocetine, tetracyclines) based on diffuse reflection of IR radiation using a smartphone and a device printed on a 3D printer is proposed. It was established that the diffuse reflection of IR radiation (850 nm) from tabletized medicinal products can be recorded using a smartphone camera. Blister packaging and tablet coating slightly reduce the intensity of the diffuse light reflection signal at a wavelength of 850 nm, as confirmed by a comparative analysis of colorimetric measurement results in medicinal product samples inside the packaging, outside the packaging, and on tablet fractures. A correlation between the analytical signal and the concentration of the active substance is observed regardless of the study variant. The data array was processed using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), partial least squares regression (PLS), and least squares methods using PhotoMetrix PRO® software for smartphones. It is shown that these algorithms can identify drugs by their manufacturer and determine the concentration of active ingredients. The colorimetric signals from tablets of a single manufacturer form separate clusters on dendrograms created using the HCA algorithm. Data obtained using PCA indicate the location of signals from tablets of different manufacturers in separate quadrants, facilitating the identification of the pharmaceutical company. The use of chemometric analysis methods for determining the concentration of the active substance is considered.
Membrane chromatographic test system for the determination of bisphenol A in drinking water based on the use of an aptamer
Authors: Komova N. S. , Serebrennikova K. V. , Berlina A. N. , Zherdev A. V. , Dzantiev B. B.
Published: December 2024

A membrane test system has been developed for the rapid determination of bisphenol A in drinking water, utilizing a conjugate of gold nanoparticles with an aptamer that specifically binds the target analyte, and a conjugate of mercaptosuccinic acid with a carrier protein impregnated in the test zone of the strip. The working principle of the test system is based on the binding of free gold nanoparticles in the test zone, which are formed as a result of the competitive interaction of the aptamer with bisphenol A and its release from the surface of the gold nanoparticles. Conjugates of gold nanoparticles with aptamers of different compositions were obtained and tested. Optimal conditions were selected to achieve a low detection limit for bisphenol A. The developed test system allows for the detection of bisphenol A within 15 minutes with a detection limit of 13.5 ng/mL. The suitability of the test system was confirmed by testing drinking water; the detection rate of bisphenol A ranged from 88.2 to 101.3%.
Correspondence to S. A. Tolstoy and T. A. Kuzminskaya: on the Creative History of the Novel “Anna Karenina”
Authors: Gorodilova N. I.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the unpublished correspondence of S.A. Tolstoy with T.A. Kuzminskaya as the most important epistolary source about the life and work of L.N. Tolstoy, which has not yet been introduced into a wider scientific context. Letters from sisters in the 1870-s. together with the writer’s confessions, they make it possible to reconstruct the history of the creation of “Anna Karenina”: to restore the course of events that influenced the creative process and created a certain spiritual atmosphere during the writing of the novel, to identify the range of the author’s creative interests, which often distracted him from an already begun plan, to see the features of his work rhythm. Letters from S.A. Tolstoy, who has closely observed the writer for many years both in everyday life and during periods of creative passion, creates a complete image of Tolstoy – not only a writer, but also a husband, father, owner of the estate, and gives the reader the effect of being present in an event that has long ago become history. Letters from T.A. Kuzminskaya, conveying the reader’s perception, fit into the numerous responses of contemporaries and at the same time stand out among them due to the closeness of the correspondent to the author’s family. Epistolary communication between two very close people allows us to look at a masterpiece of world literature as part of the Tolstoy family chronicle.