bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New paleointensity results from rapidly cooled Icelandic lavas: Implications for Arctic geomagnetic field strength
Authors: Cromwell G. , Tauxe L. , Halldórsson S. A.
Published: May 2015

The Earth's magnetic field is assumed to be a geocentric axial dipole (GAD) when averaged over sufficient time (105–106 years). Recent investigations of global paleosecular variation and time‐averaged field behavior on million year timescales generally support a predominantly dipole field in the Northern Hemisphere, but unique field structures at high southern latitudes suggest the presence of a substantial quadrupolar component. Average paleointensity results from Antarctica are approximately half the value predicted by a GAD field; this behavior has not been sufficiently investigated because there is a paucity of absolute paleointensity data from the high latitudes of the Arctic and Antarctic, so no adequate comparisons have been made between the two regions. We collected glassy volcanic material from 129 subaerial and subglacial volcanic units in Iceland in order to provide a suitable intensity data set at high northern latitudes. Forty‐four sites met our very strict specimen and site level selection criteria. Four Holocene sites have a median intensity value of 55.8 ± 15.6μT (virtual axial dipole moment = 78.1 ± 22.0 ZAm2), consistent with the present‐day field. Thirty‐seven sites are between 11 ka and 3.35 Ma with a median intensity of 33.1 ± 8.3 μT (47.0 ± 11.6 ZAm2). This median intensity is indistinguishable from some long‐term global field strength estimates. Reevaluation of existing high‐latitude data suggests a general agreement with our Iceland results, but there are still too few Antarctic sites to adequately compare Arctic and Antarctic field behaviors.
Simulated solar cycle effects on the middle atmosphere: WACCM3 Versus WACCM4
Authors: Peck E. D. , Randall C. E. , Harvey V. L. , Marsh D. R.
Published: May 2015

The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 4 (WACCM4) is used to quantify solar cycle impacts, including both irradiance and particle precipitation, on the middle atmosphere. Results are compared to previous work using WACCM version 3 (WACCM3) to estimate the sensitivity of simulated solar cycle effects to model modifications. The residual circulation in WACCM4 is stronger than in WACCM3, leading to larger solar cycle effects from energetic particle precipitation; this impacts polar stratospheric odd nitrogen and ozone, as well as polar mesospheric temperatures. The cold pole problem, which is present in both versions, is exacerbated in WACCM4, leading to more ozone loss in the Antarctic stratosphere. Relative to WACCM3, a westerly shift in the WACCM4 zonal winds in the tropical stratosphere and mesosphere, and a strengthening and poleward shift of the Antarctic polar night jet, are attributed to inclusion of the QBO and changes in the gravity wave parameterization in WACCM4. Solar cycle effects in WACCM3 and WACCM4 are qualitatively similar. However, the EPP‐induced increase from solar minimum to solar maximum in polar stratospheric NOy is about twice as large in WACCM4 as in WACCM3; correspondingly, maximum increases in polar O3 loss from solar min to solar max are more than twice as large in WACCM4. This does not cause large differences in the WACCM3 versus WACCM4 solar cycle responses in temperature and wind. Overall, these results provide a framework for future studies using WACCM to analyze the impacts of the solar cycle on the middle atmosphere.
Seismic anisotropy of serpentinite from Val Malenco, Italy
Authors: Kern Hartmut , Lokajicek Tomas , Svitek Tomas , Wenk Hans‐Rudolf
Published: May 2015

Serpentinites, deformed in mantle subduction zones, are thought to contribute significantly to seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle and have therefore been of great interest with studies on deformation, preferred orientation, and elastic properties. Here we present a combined study of a classical sample from Val Malenco, Italy, investigating the microstructure and texture with state‐of‐the art synchrotron X‐ray and neutron diffraction methods and measuring ultrasonic velocities both with a multi‐anvil apparatus and a novel instrument to measure 3‐D velocities on spheres. Both, results from diffraction methods and velocity measurements are compared, discussing advantages and disadvantages. From spherical velocities, elastic tensor properties can be derived by inversion. Also from quantitative texture measurements, elastic properties can be modeled by self‐consistent averaging. Good agreement between the velocity and microstructural models is observed.
Well‐Defined Pillararene‐Based Azobenzene Liquid Crystalline Photoresponsive Materials and Their Thin Films with Photomodulated Surfaces
Authors: Pan Shi , Ni Mengfei , Mu Bin , Li Qian , Hu Xiao‐Yu , Lin Chen , Chen Dongzhong , Wang Leyong
Published: May 2015

Photoresponsive materials (PRMs) have long been a hot topic and photo‐modulated smart surface is very appealing. Particularly, liquid crystalline PRMs are able to amplify and stabilize photoinduced orientation thanks to their self‐assembling and ordering characteristics. Herein, the first pillararene‐based azobenzene liquid crystalline PRM with well‐defined structure is presented, which can avoid the usually ill‐defined composition drawback of polymer PRMs and prevent the severe H‐aggregation from suppressing or even completely blocking photoresponse in simple azobenzene derivatives. The pillar[5]arene‐based macrocyclic azobenzenes with variant length spacers show wide temperature range smectic liquid crystalline mesophases and excellent film‐formation property. The tubular pillar[5]arene macrocyclic framework provides sufficient free volume for azobenzene moieties to achieve reversible photoisomerization and photoalignment; thus, their thin films demonstrate excellent light‐triggered modulation of surface free energy, wettability, and even photoalignment‐mediated orientation of an upper layer discotic liquid crystal columnar mesophase. Such pillararene‐based azobenzene liquid crystals represent novel and promising PRMs with extensive fascinating applications.
Role of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Localization on Morphology Development of PMMA/PS/PP Ternary Blends
Authors: Rostami Amir , Nazockdast Hossein , Karimi Mohammad , Javidi Zeinab
Published: May 2015

In this work, we studied the parameters affecting the localization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and its impact on morphology development of poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene/polypropylene (PMMA/PS/PP) ternary blends, which originally have a thermodynamically preferred core–shell type morphology. We compared the results with the morphological prediction based on the thermodynamic approach. The MWCNTs localization and morphological features of nanocomposite samples were studied by means of melt linear viscoelastic experiments together with electron microscopy results. It was found that at 0.5 wt% of MWCNTs the original core–shell type morphology of the ternary blend samples almost remained intact. and this observation was independent of the sequence of feeding. At 1 wt% of MWCNTs, the core–shell morphology was retained only for those nanocomposite samples prepared using the sequential feeding mode. In addition, it was demonstrated that the thermodynamic predictions could be utilized for the nanocomposites containing low MWCNTs contents. However, this was not true for the nanocomposites with higher MWCNTs contents due to the predominating role of viscoelastic properties of the PS shell.
Relationship between maternal and newborn endothelial function and oxidative stress
Authors: Echeverri Isabella , Ortega–Ávila José Guillermo , Mosquera Mildrey , Castillo Andrés , Jiménez Eliécer , Suárez‐Ortegon Milton Fabian , Mateus Julio Cesar , Aguilar‐de Plata Cecilia
Published: May 2015

Objective

To evaluate the Relationship between maternal and newborn endothelial function and oxidative stress.

Methods

Forty‐three pregnant women and their offspring were evaluated. As markers of endothelial function, the flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) was measured in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters, and nitric oxide (NO) was quantified in the endothelial cells of the umbilical cord vein. Malondialdehyde (MDA), as a marker of oxidative stress, was measured in the maternal plasma (second and third trimesters) and plasma from umbilical cord blood. Gestational age and birth weight were recorded. Correlations between variables were estimated, and adjustments were made for specific gestational week of measurement, gestational age at birth, and complications during pregnancy and/or at delivery.

Results

Maternal FMD at second trimester correlated positively with newborn MDA, although with marginal significance (P = 0.090). The change in maternal FMD was positively correlated with newborn NO (P = 0.039), although adjustment for gestational age and specific week of gestation attenuated this relationship (P = 0.070). Maternal MDA at second trimester correlated positively with newborn MDA independently of gestational age at birth, specific week of gestation of the measurement, and having complications during pregnancy or at delivery (P = 0.032). After adjustments, the change in maternal MDA correlated with newborn MDA but marginally (P = 0.077).

Conclusion

Study findings suggest that under physiological conditions, enhanced endothelial function and/or oxidative stress in the mother may impact on normal fetal development. Future studies are recommended, employing larger sample sizes, a more extensive set of markers of oxidative stress, and comparisons of complicated versus normal pregnancies. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:822–831, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cohort study of physical activity and injury among Latino farm workers
Authors: Xiao Hong , Stoecklin‐Marois Maria , Li Chin‐Shang , McCurdy Stephen A. , Schenker Marc
Published: May 2015

Introduction

This study characterized physical activity and its association with injury among Latino farm workers.

Methods

An interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to collect baseline and follow‐up data on 843 and 640 Latino farm workers, respectively. Participants were 18–55 years old, engaged in farm work and residing in Mendota, CA at baseline interview. The questionnaire assessed self‐reported physical activity and risk of injury.

Results

The 12 month prevalence of injury decreased from 9.0% at baseline to 6.9% at follow up interview. In GEE models adjusted for age, follow‐up time, gender, smoking, income and years working in agriculture, poor/fair self‐assessed health status (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.18–2.82) and 2–3 hr per day of sitting/watching TV/using a computer (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30–0.83) were significantly associated with injury.

Conclusions

Physical activity was not associated with injury in this population. Efforts to reduce injuries should focus on known risk factors such as poor health status. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:737–745, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Occupational exposures and risk of dementia‐related mortality in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study
Authors: Koeman Tom , Schouten Leo J. , van den Brandt Piet A. , Slottje Pauline , Huss Anke , Peters Susan , Kromhout Hans , Vermeulen Roel
Published: May 2015

Background

Occupational exposures may be associated with non‐vascular dementia.

Methods

We analyzed the effects of occupational exposures to solvents, pesticides, metals, extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MF), electrical shocks, and diesel motor exhaust on non‐vascular dementia related mortality in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). Exposures were assigned using job‐exposure matrices. After 17.3 years of follow‐up, 682 male and 870 female cases were available. Analyses were performed using Cox regression.

Results

Occupational exposure to metals, chlorinated solvents and ELF‐MF showed positive associations with non‐vascular dementia among men, which seemed driven by metals (hazard ratio ever high vs. background exposure: 1.35 [0.98–1.86]). Pesticide exposure showed statistically significant, inverse associations with non‐vascular dementia among men. We found no associations for shocks, aromatic solvents, and diesel motor exhaust.

Conclusions

Consistent positive associations were found between occupational exposure to metals and non‐vascular dementia. The finding on pesticides is not supported in the overall literature. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:625–635, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of electrospun fibers of polyhydroxybutyrate filled with different organoclays on morphology, biodegradation, and thermal stability of poly(ε‐caprolattone)
Authors: Marega Carla , Marigo Antonio
Published: May 2015

The properties of nanocomposites of poly(ε‐caprolattone) (PCL) were studied, the pristine PCL was implemented with the introduction of electrospun fibers of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), containing a cationic (Cloisite) or an anionic (Perkalite) clay. These multicomponent composites containing a very low amount of clay confined in fibers are different from usual nanocomposite materials containing clay dispersed in the polymer matrix, which are produced by solvent casting or melt extrusion. To analyze the influence of the different fillers on the final composite, a preliminary study on PHB cast films and fibers prepared from the same solution was carried out, and then a thorough analysis was accomplished of the behavior of these particular nanocomposites PCL/PHB fibers/clay to elucidate the effects of the filled electrospun fibers on the PCL matrix. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and small angle X‐ray scattering; differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to understand the influence of the fillers on the thermal behavior and stability; mechanical properties were evaluated and biodegradation studies were carried out. The PHB electrospun fibers and the fractured surface of the final composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42342.
Fabrication of ordered microporous styrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer blend imprinted membranes for selective adsorption of phenol from salicylic acid using breath figure method
Authors: Sun Fengquan , Meng Minjia , Yan Li , He Zhihui , Yan Yongsheng , Liu Yan , Liu Shijuan
Published: May 2015

Highly selective, ordered microporous molecularly imprinted membranes (MIMs) for phenol were synthesized by breath figure (BF) method using styrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) as the membrane matrix and molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nano‐MIPs) as the imprinted nanoparticles. The nano‐MIPs were synthesized by oil‐in‐water emulsion polymerization using 4‐vinyl pyridine (4‐VP), methyl methacrylate (MMA) or cinnamic acid (CA) as the functional monomer, respectively. The prepared nano‐MIPs were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Raman, whereas MIMs were characterized by SEM, membrane flux, and selective adsorption experiments. Morphological analysis exhibited that the addition of nano‐MIPs improved the formation of ordered and well‐defined porous membrane morphology. Compared with MMA‐MIM and CA‐MIM, the 4‐VP‐MIM exhibited higher membrane flux, adsorption capacity, and stronger selective binding for phenol as well as excellent permeation selectivity for phenol. Moreover, the selective effect of 4‐VP‐MIM on phenol was strongly affected by the amount of 4‐VP imprinted nanoparticles (nano‐4‐VP‐MIPs). The experimental data revealed that the 4‐VP‐MIM containing 2.0 wt % of nano‐4‐VP‐MIPs exhibited the highest separation selectivity for the template phenol, whose selectivity coefficients for phenol relative to salicylic acid (SA) and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (p‐HB) were 5.6770 and 5.5433, respectively, which was close to the predicted selectivity coefficient value. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42350.
A method of developing and introducing case‐based learning to a preclinical veterinary curriculum
Authors: Crowther Emma , Baillie Sarah
Published: May 2015

Case‐based learning (CBL) has been introduced as part of a major review of the veterinary curriculum at the University of Bristol. The initial aim was to improve integration between all first year subjects, i.e., basic science disciplines (anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry), animal management, and professional studies, while highlighting the relevance by providing clinical context. The CBL was delivered as whole class sessions in a lecture theatre, as small group teaching facilities were not readily available, co‐facilitated by two to four basic scientists and clinicians. Active learning tasks were included by using an audience response system and encouraging discussion. A case template was developed in PowerPoint and then populated by basic science and clinical staff in an iterative design process. Comments from a student focus group informed the design of the case sessions. Feedback collected from students via a survey after the first three cases suggested that CBL was well received and assisted students in integrating material taught in the first year units and was used to further improve the ongoing case design. The project team developed eight cases for Year 1 and is implementing CBL in various formats throughout the curriculum. There was a considerable time commitment in developing each case; however, the use of readily available software and the large group format overcame limitations, including resourcing small group sessions. This article reports a model that could be successfully adapted by other institutions wishing to use CBL to provide clinical context and promote integration of the basic sciences. Anat Sci Educ. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists.
Robust Finite‐Time Stability Control of a Class of High‐Order Uncertain Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Liu Haitao , Wang Xiaozhen , Zhang Tie
Published: May 2015

In this study, a novel robust finite‐time stability controller is proposed for a class of high‐order uncertain nonlinear systems. It uses the dynamic surface control (DSC) approach to simplify the traditional backstepping design for high‐order nonlinear systems, thus avoiding the “explosion of terms”. The finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed to have high performance, such as fast transient and strong robustness to dynamic uncertainties, and the tracking error is made arbitrarily small. Simulation results of two examples indicate that the proposed controller is effective.
Finite‐Time Optimal Tracking Control for Dynamic Systems on Lie Groups
Authors: Liu Yongfang , Geng Zhiyong
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates the problem of finite‐time optimal tracking control for dynamic systems on Lie groups for the situation when the tracking time and/or the cost functions need to be considered. The specific results are illustrated on SE(3) (the specific Euclidean groups of rigid body motions). The tracking time is given according to task requirements in advance. By using Pontryagin's maximum principle (PMP) on Lie groups and the backstepping method, a finite‐time optimal tracking control law is designed to track a desired reference trajectory at the given time. Simultaneously, the corresponding cost functions are guaranteed to be optimal. Compared with existing results of optimal control on Lie groups, it is noteworthy that we consider the finite‐time tracking control for dynamic systems rather than kinematic systems. Furthermore, the obtained optimal control law is described by explicit formulations, which is significant for practical applications.
Editorial: Can modern vaccine technology pursue the success of traditional vaccine manufacturing?
Authors: Grabherr Reingard , Reichl Udo
Published: May 2015

Manufacturing of vaccines for human use has been quite conservative in the past; and yes, there is a long and successful history in the production of efficient and safe vaccines protecting against a number of viral and bacterial diseases such as polio, influenza, measles, tick‐borne encephalitis and many others.
Investigation of protein selectivity in multimodal chromatography using in silico designed Fab fragment variants
Authors: Karkov Hanne Sophie , Krogh Berit Olsen , Woo James , Parimal Siddharth , Ahmadian Haleh , Cramer Steven M.
Published: May 2015

In this study, a unique set of antibody Fab fragments was designed in silico and produced to examine the relationship between protein surface properties and selectivity in multimodal chromatographic systems. We hypothesized that multimodal ligands containing both hydrophobic and charged moieties would interact strongly with protein surface regions where charged groups and hydrophobic patches were in close spatial proximity. Protein surface property characterization tools were employed to identify the potential multimodal ligand binding regions on the Fab fragment of a humanized antibody and to evaluate the impact of mutations on surface charge and hydrophobicity. Twenty Fab variants were generated by site‐directed mutagenesis, recombinant expression, and affinity purification. Column gradient experiments were carried out with the Fab variants in multimodal, cation‐exchange, and hydrophobic interaction chromatographic systems. The results clearly indicated that selectivity in the multimodal system was different from the other chromatographic modes examined. Column retention data for the reduced charge Fab variants identified a binding site comprising light chain CDR1 as the main electrostatic interaction site for the multimodal and cation‐exchange ligands. Furthermore, the multimodal ligand binding was enhanced by additional hydrophobic contributions as evident from the results obtained with hydrophobic Fab variants. The use of in silico protein surface property analyses combined with molecular biology techniques, protein expression, and chromatographic evaluations represents a previously undescribed and powerful approach for investigating multimodal selectivity with complex biomolecules. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2305–2315. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unveiling of novel regio‐selective fatty acid double bond hydratases from Lactobacillus acidophilus involved in the selective oxyfunctionalization of mono‐ and di‐hydroxy fatty acids
Authors: Kim Kyoung‐Rok , Oh Hye‐Jin , Park Chul‐Soon , Hong Seung‐Hye , Park Ji‐Young , Oh Deok‐Kun
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study is the first time demonstration of cis‐12 regio‐selective linoleate double‐bond hydratase. Hydroxylation of fatty acids, abundant feedstock in nature, is an emerging alternative route for many petroleum replaceable products thorough hydroxy fatty acids, carboxylic acids, and lactones. However, chemical route for selective hydroxylation is still quite challenging owing to low selectivity and many environmental concerns. Hydroxylation of fatty acids by hydroxy fatty acid forming enzymes is an important route for selective biocatalytic oxyfunctionalization of fatty acids. Therefore, novel fatty acid hydroxylation enzymes should be discovered. The two hydratase genes of Lactobacillus acidophilus were identified by genomic analysis, and the expressed two recombinant hydratases were identified as cis‐9 and cis‐12 double‐bond selective linoleate hydratases by in vitro functional validation, including the identification of products and the determination of regio‐selectivity, substrate specificity, and kinetic parameters. The two different linoleate hydratases were the involved enzymes in the 10,13‐dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid biosynthesis. Linoleate 13‐hydratase (LHT‐13) selectively converted 10 mM linoleic acid to 13S‐hydroxy‐9(Z)‐octadecenoic acid with high titer (8.1 mM) and yield (81%). Our study will expand knowledge for microbial fatty acid‐hydroxylation enzymes and facilitate the designed production of the regio‐selective hydroxy fatty acids for useful chemicals from polyunsaturated fatty acid feedstocks. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2206–2213. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A simple LC‐MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of underivatized neurotransmitters in rats urine: assay development, validation and application in the CUMS rat model
Authors: Zhai Xue‐jia , Chen Fen , Zhu Chao‐ran , Lu Yong‐ning
Published: May 2015

Many amino acid neurotransmitters in urine are associated with chronic stress as well as major depressive disorders. To better understand depression, an analytical LC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 11 underivatized neurotransmitters (4‐aminohippurate, 5‐HIAA, glutamate, glutamine, hippurate, pimelate, proline, tryptophan, tyramine, tyrosine and valine) in a single analytical run was developed. The advantage of this method is the simple preparation in that there is no need to deconjugate the urine samples. The quantification range was 25–12,800 ng mL−1 with >85.8% recovery for all analytes. The nocturnal urine concentrations of the 11 neurotransmitters in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model rats and control group (n = 12) were analyzed. A series of significant changes in urinary excretion of neurotransmitters could be detected: the urinary glutamate, glutamine, hippurate and tyramine concentrations were significantly lower in the CUMS group. In addition, the urinary concentrations of tryptophan as well as tyrosine were significantly higher in chronically stressed rats. This method allows the assessment of the neurotransmitters associated with CUMS in rat urine in a single analytical run, making it suitable for implementation as a routine technique in depression research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA Three‐Way Junctions Stabilized by Hydrophobic Interactions for Creation of Functional Nanostructures
Authors: Laing Brian M. , Juliano Rudolph L.
Published: May 2015

The construction of nanomaterials from oligonucleotides by modular assembly invariably requires the use of branched nucleic acid architectures such as three‐ and four‐way junctions (3WJ and 4WJ). We describe the stabilization of DNA 3WJ by using non‐nucleotide lipophilic spacers to create a hydrophobic pocket within the junction space. Stabilization of nucleic acid junctions is of particular importance when constructing nanostructures in the “ultra‐nano” size range (<20 nm) with shorter double‐stranded regions. UV thermal melting studies show that lipophilic spacers strategically placed within the junction space significantly increased thermal stability. For a 3WJ with eight base pair arms, thermal stability was increased from 30.5 °C for the unmodified junction to a maximum stability of 55.0 °C. The stability of the junction can be modulated within this temperature range by using the appropriate combinations of spacers.
Helicase‐Dependent Isothermal Amplification of DNA and RNA by Using Self‐Avoiding Molecular Recognition Systems
Authors: Yang Zunyi , McLendon Chris , Hutter Daniel , Bradley Kevin M. , Hoshika Shuichi , Frye Carole B. , Benner Steven A.
Published: May 2015

Assays that detect DNA or RNA (xNA) are highly sensitive, as small amounts of xNA can be amplified by PCR. Unfortunately, PCR is inconvenient in low‐resource environments, and requires equipment and power that might not be available in these environments. Isothermal procedures, which avoid thermal cycling, are often confounded by primer dimers, off‐target priming, and other artifacts. Here, we show how a “self avoiding molecular recognition system” (SAMRS) eliminates these artifacts and gives clean amplicons in a helicase‐dependent isothermal amplification (SAMRS‐HDA). We also show that incorporating SAMRS into the 3′‐ends of primers facilitates the design and screening of primers for HDA assays. Finally, we show that SAMRS‐HDA can be twofold multiplexed, difficult to achieve with HDA using standard primers. Thus, SAMRS‐HDA is a more versatile approach than standard HDA, with a broader applicability for xNA‐targeted diagnostics and research.
Prognostic value of aortic root calcification volume on clinical outcomes after transcatheter balloon‐expandable aortic valve implantation
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Lefèvre Thierry , Bouvier Erik , Arai Takahide , Hayashida Kentaro , Chevalier Bernard , Romano Mauro , Hovasse Thomas , Garot Philippe , Donzeau‐Gouge Patrick , Farge Arnaud , Cormier Bertrand , Morice Marie‐Claude
Published: May 2015

Background

Few data are available about whether aortic root calcification may impact the outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Objectives

This study sought to evaluate the impact of aortic root calcification volume on clinical outcome after TAVI with balloon expandable Edwards Sapien XT valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California).

Methods

A total of 162 TAVI patients (aged 84.0 [Interquartile Range (IQR) 81.0–84.0] years, Logistic EuroSCORE 14.5 [IQR 9.8–25.1]) with preprocedural MDCT were studied. Aortic root calcification volume was measured by MDCT image and using the dedicated software for aortic valve assessment (the automated 3mensioTM Valves 5.1, sp1, 3mensio Pie Medical Imaging BV, Maastricht, the Netherlands). A valve calcification index (VCI) was defined as calcification volume (mm3)/body surface area (mm2).

Results

VCI was significantly higher among patients with 30‐day mortality. A VCI threshold of 517.4 (area under the curve 0.69, 95% CI 0.50–0.87, P = 0.03) predicted a higher incidence of annulus rupture (9.1 vs. 0.9%, P = 0.02) and cardiac tamponade (12.7 vs. 1.9%, P < 0.01), lower device success (83.6% vs. 95.3%, P < 0.01) and 30‐day survival rate (80.0% vs. 97.2%, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed only ejection fraction and VCI were identified as independent predictors of 30‐day mortality (Odds ratio 0.948 [95% confidence interval 0.909–0.988], P = 0.012, Odds ratio 1.003 [95% confidence interval 1.001–1.005], P = 0.013, respectively).

Conclusions

Significantly worse acute clinical outcomes after Edwards valve implantation were observed in patients with large amount of aortic annulus calcifications quantitatively measured by dedicated MDCT software. Application of VCI may prove helpful in prediction of clinical outcomes after TAVI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use and outcome of radial versus femoral approach for primary PCI in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction without cardiogenic shock: Results from the ALKK PCI registry
Authors: Bauer Timm , Hochadel Matthias , Brachmann Johannes , Schächinger Volker , Boekstegers Peter , Zrenner Bernhard , Zahn Ralf , Zeymer Uwe ,   for the Arbeitsgemeinschaft leitende kardiologische Krankenhausärzte (ALKK)
Published: May 2015

Objectives

This study sought to compare the use and outcome of radial versus femoral access in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in clinical practice.

Background

The radial approach for PCI in patients with STEMI has been suggested to have a lower rate of complications and bleeding and to improve prognosis compared with the femoral approach. However, there still is a large regional and national variation in its use.

Methods

Between 2008 and 2012 a total of 17,865 patients with STEMI without cardiogenic shock undergoing primary PCI were prospectively enrolled in the observational German PCI registry of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft leitende kardiologische Krankenhausärzte (ALKK). Transfemoral (TF) access was used in 15,270 (85.5%), transradial (TR) access in 2,530 (14.2%), and other access in 65 (0.3%) patients. In this analysis, 10,264 patients from 20 centers that had performed at least 5 TR‐PCI for STEMI were included. This study compared TR‐PCI (n = 2,454 23.9%) with TF‐PCI (n = 7,810, 76.1%).

Results

Procedural success was high in both cohorts. Hospital mortality (1.8 vs. 5.1%, P < 0.001) and vascular access complications (0.3 vs. 1.8%, P < 0.001%) were lower in the TR group. In the multivariate analysis radial access was associated with an improved in‐hospital survival rate (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.35–0.65).

Conclusions

The radial approach for PCI can be performed with excellent procedural success in selected STEMI patients and is associated with a lower rate of vascular access complications and hospital mortality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The requirement of extracorporeal circulation system for transluminal aortic valve replacement: Do we really need it in the catheterization laboratory?
Authors: Toutouzas Konstantinos , Synetos Andreas , Latsios George , Mastrokostopoulos Antonis , Stathogiannis Konstantinos , Drakopoulou Maria , Trantalis George , Tsiamis Eleftherios , Tousoulis Dimitrios
Published: May 2015

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the mainstay for treating high‐risk patients with aortic stenosis. As the TAVR procedures worldwide keep increasing, it is inevitable that more issues and complications will arise. Such a complication that merits attention is the conversion of TAVR into open‐heart surgery and the necessity this complication creates to have an extracorporeal circulation system in the catheterization laboratory. This review contains an analysis of all major randomized trials and registries on the number and cause of TAVR procedures that ended up in open‐heart surgery and presents data to challenge the prerequisite of extracorporeal circulation system in the cath laboratory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postfunctionalization of BN‐Embedded Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds for Fine‐Tuning of Their Molecular Properties
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ye , Yang Dong‐Chu , Zhuang Fang‐Dong , Liu Jia‐Jie , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian
Published: May 2015

New BN‐embedded, thiophene‐fused, polycyclic aromatic compounds with planar geometry were designed and synthesized. The molecules showed excellent stability and chemical robustness. Postfunctionalization on this skeleton was demonstrated with a series of electrophilic bromination, palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling, and Knoevenagel condensation reactions. The π skeleton remained intact during these late‐stage transformations. The optical and electronic properties have been well tuned through incorporation of electron‐rich and ‐deficient groups on the backbone. This work shows the great advantage of the postfunctionalization strategy on BN‐containing polycyclic aromatic compounds for fast diversification and materials screening.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Relationships in the {Ho, Er}—Ni—Sn Ternary Systems at 673 K and Crystal Structure of New Ternary Compounds.
Authors: Romaka L. , Romaniv I. , Romaka V. V. , Pavlyuk V.
Published: May 2015

The 673 K isothermal sections of the phase diagram of the Ho‐Ni‐Sn and Er‐Ni‐Sn ternary systems are studied by two‐fold arc melting of the elements followed by annealing (Cu crucible, 673 K, 1 month).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Reductive Magnesiation of Oxetanes to Generate (3‐Oxidopropyl)magnesium Reagents.
Authors: Sugiyama Yu‐ki , Heigozono Shiori , Okamoto Sentaro
Published: May 2015

A facile method for the preparation of substituted 3‐oxidopropylmagnesium compounds from 2‐ and 2,3‐substituted oxetanes via a novel iron‐catalyzed reductive magnesiation reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Reaction Between Substituted β‐Nitrostyrenes, β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Amines: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Novel β‐Enaminones.
Authors: Ye Weijian , Li Yan , Zhou Lanxiang , Liu Juanjuan , Wang Cunde
Published: May 2015

Two types of β‐enaminones [(IV) and (VI)] are efficiently synthesized through title reaction starting from cyclohexanediones (I) or chromenone (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐Dialkylaniline‐Assisted Thionation of Carboxylic Amides and Esters.
Authors: Yang Chun‐Hua , Li Guo‐Jing , Gong Chao‐Jun , Li Yue‐Ming
Published: May 2015

Catalytic amounts of N,N‐diethylaniline are used to accelerate the thionation of amides and esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Process Development for the Synthesis of Aliphatic Symmetrical N,N′‐Disubstituted Thiourea Derivatives in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Jangale Asha D. , Kumavat Priyanka P. , Wagh Yogesh B. , Tayade Yogesh A. , Mahulikar Pramod P. , Dalal Dipak S.
Published: May 2015

The title compounds such as (III) are highly efficiently obtained starting from primary aliphatic amines in aqueous media via a nonisothiocyanate route without the use of any catalyst and without any side product formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydration of Alkynes at Room Temperature Catalyzed by Gold(I) Isocyanide Compounds.
Authors: Xu Yun , Hu Xingbang , Shao Jing , Yang Guoqiang , Wu Youting , Zhang Zhibing
Published: May 2015

Title hydration process affords a variety of ketones [(II) or (IV), resp.] under mild reaction conditions in a simple one‐step procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope and Mechanism in Palladium‐Catalyzed Isomerizations of Highly Substituted Allylic, Homoallylic, and Alkenyl Alcohols.
Authors: Larionov Evgeny , Lin Luqing , Guenee Laure , Mazet Clement
Published: May 2015

The intramolecular oxidation of unsaturated primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones is achieved via Pd‐catalyzed olefin isomerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical‐Induced Metal and Solvent‐Free Cross‐Coupling Using TBAI—TBHP: Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes and Alcohols with N‐Chloramines via C—H Activation.
Authors: Achar Tapas Kumar , Mal Prasenjit
Published: May 2015

The reaction can also be conducted under ball‐milling conditions at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isocyanides Through Dehydration of Formamides Using XtalFluor‐E.
Authors: Keita Massaba , Vandamme Mathilde , Mahe Olivier , Paquin Jean‐Francois
Published: May 2015

In somes cases the crude isocyanides show good purity allowing their direct use in multicomponent reactions such as the Passerini reaction [→ α‐acyloxyamides (V)].
ChemInform Abstract: Switching the Z/E Selectivity in the Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Heck Arylations of trans‐Cinnamaldehydes by Solvent.
Authors: Ban Shu‐Rong , Wang Hai‐Ning , Toader Violeta , Bohle D. Scott , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: May 2015

The Pd‐catalyzed Heck arylation of trans‐cinnamaldehyde furnishes preferentially the thermodynamically favored Z‐isomer in THF whereas, DMF provides the E‐isomer predominantly.
ChemInform Abstract: The Concise Synthesis of Unsymmetric Triarylacetonitriles via Pd‐Catalyzed Sequential Arylation: A New Synthetic Approach to Tri‐ and Tetraarylmethanes.
Authors: Nambo Masakazu , Yar Muhammad , Smith Joel D. , Crudden Cathleen M.
Published: May 2015

A series of triarylacetonitriles (VII) is prepared by a sequence of Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of chloroacetonitrile (I) with boronic acids (II), a C—H arylation of arylacetonitriles (III) with aryl bromides (IV), and a final arylation of diarylacetonitriles (V) with aryl halides (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Highly Soluble and Functionalized Fulleropyrrolidines
Authors: Parveen Abdulrazack , Sughanya Venkatesan , Nagarajan Samuthira
Published: May 2015

with high emission and absorption
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterisation of an Open‐Cage Fullerene Encapsulating Hydrogenfluoride.
Authors: Krachmalnicoff Andrea , Bounds Richard , Mamone Salvatore , Levitt Malcolm H. , Carravetta Marina , Whitby Richard J.
Published: May 2015

The first encapsulation of hydrogen fluoride in an open‐cage fullerene is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirooxindole Derivatives via Biocatalytic Domino Reaction.
Authors: Liang Yi‐Ru , Chen Xiao‐Yang , Wu Qi , Lin Xian‐Fu
Published: May 2015

A series of spirooxindole derivatives are synthesized using isatin derivatives, cyanoacetamide and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds as starting materials via one‐pot enzymatic or two‐step chemo‐enzymatic domino reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Robust Synthesis of N‐Sulfonylazetidine Building Blocks via Ring Contraction of α‐Bromo N‐Sulfonylpyrrolidinones.
Authors: Kern Nicolas , Felten Anne‐Sophie , Weibel Jean‐Marc , Pale Patrick , Blanc Aurelien
Published: May 2015

In the presence of potassium carbonate various nucleophiles such as aliphatic alcohols, phenols, and anilines, but no thiols or benzylamine, are efficiently incorporated into N‐sulfonylpyrrolidinones to form azetidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Annulation of Enals to Aurone Analogues: Synthesis of Cyclopentene‐Fused Spirobenzofuran‐3‐ones.
Authors: Seetha Lakshmi K. C. , Krishnan Jagadeesh , Sinu C. R. , Varughese Sunil , Nair Vijay
Published: May 2015

Aryl, hetaryl, alkyl and alkenyl enals are reacting with 2‐aroylidene substituted alkylbenzofuran‐3‐ones providing the corresponding products as single diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Direct C3 Alkylation of Indoles with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Li Shuai‐Shuai , Lin Hui , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Dong Lin
Published: May 2015

The novel C—H activation methodology exhibits a broad substrate scope with respect to the indole/pyrrole and ketone educts.
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudopericyclic 1,5‐ versus Pericyclic 1,4‐ and 1,6‐Electrocyclization in Electron‐Poor 4‐Aryl‐2‐azabuta‐1,3‐dienes: Indole Synthesis from 2H‐Azirines and Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Novikov Mikhail S. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Rostovskii Nikolai V. , Tcyrulnikov Sergei , Suhanova Anna A. , Zavyalov Kirill V. , Yufit Dmitry S.
Published: May 2015

The Rh(II)‐catalyzed coupling reactions of azirines with diazocarbonyl compounds is found to depend on the nature of the azirine and diazocarbonyl substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Nucleophilic Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylanilines with Thiophenols under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Han Dandan , Li Zhiming , Fan Renhua
Published: May 2015

DFT‐calculations support a reaction pathway consisting of a PhI(OAc)2‐mediated oxidative dearomatization and a Broensted‐acid promoted nucleophilic cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Indoles from 2‐Alkynylaniline Derivatives in Water Using a Recyclable Copper Catalyst System.
Authors: Song Senchuan , Huang Manna , Li Wenjun , Zhu Xinhai , Wan Yiqian
Published: May 2015

A recyclable catalyst system consisting of CuI, Bu4NBr, and polystyrene‐supported perruthenate effectively promotes the cyclization reaction of ethynyl‐N‐sulfonylanilides to indoles in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Reactions for Synthesis of Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines with Heterocyclic Ketene Aminals as Ligands.
Authors: Wen Li‐Rong , Jin Xian‐Jun , Niu Xiao‐Dong , Li Ming
Published: May 2015

CuI in combination with an imidazoline diketone ligand (KAM) allows the coupling of substrates (I) and (X) with acetonitrile derivatives to give functionalized pyrazoloisoquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemically Initiated Achmatowicz Rearrangement.
Authors: Falenczyk Carolin , Poelloth Benjamin , Hilgers Petra , Koenig Burkhard
Published: May 2015

The first examples of a solvent—free mechanochemical Achmatowicz rearrangement of furfuryl alcohols are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of 2‐Pyrone Skeleton via Domino Sequence Between 2‐Acyl‐1‐chlorocyclopropanecarboxylate and Amines.
Authors: Zhu Yuequan , Gong Yuefa
Published: May 2015

The title reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of inorganic bases, providing a straightforward and transition metal‐free method to construct the pyrone skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis of Isoquinolinones by Intramolecular Coupling of Amides and Ketones.
Authors: Wei Wen‐Tao , Liu Yu , Ye Lin‐Miao , Lei Rong‐Hui , Zhang Xue‐Jing , Yan Ming
Published: May 2015

Amides and ketones are intramolecularly coupled in the presence of KOtBu in DMF.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)benzo[b][1,8]naphthyridin‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives Using Trifluoroacetimidoyl Chlorides.
Authors: Romero Angel H. , Salazar Jose , Lopez Simon E.
Published: May 2015

11 Title compounds are prepared from 2‐chloro‐3‐acetyl‐quinolines (I), which can easily prepared in two steps from readily available 2‐chloro‐3‐formylquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Seven‐Membered Fused Sultones by Reductive Heck Cyclization: An Investigation for Stereochemistry Through DFT Study.
Authors: Mondal Shovan , Debnath Sudarshan , Das Babulal
Published: May 2015

An efficient route is achieved for the synthesis of sultones based on chemoselective Sonogashira coupling followed by Pd(0)‐catalyzed intramolecular Heck type cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stability of Boratriazaroles.
Authors: Zurwerra Didier , Quetglas Vincent , Kloer Daniel P. , Renold Peter , Pitterna Thomas
Published: May 2015

The condensation reaction of amidrazone and different arylboronic acids to gain access to boratriazaroles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Selenylation of Arenes with Selenenyl Chlorides/Diselenides via C—H Activation.
Authors: Yu Songjie , Wan Boshun , Li Xingwei
Published: May 2015

Two alternative, simple procedures for the Rh(III)‐catalyzed selenylation of arenes bearing a directing group (29 examples) are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nitrogenous Hamigerans: Unusual Amino Acid‐Derivatized Aromatic Diterpenoid Metabolites from the New Zealand Marine Sponge Hamigera tarangaensis.
Authors: Dattelbaum Jonathan D. , Singh A. Jonathan , Field Jessica J. , Miller John H. , Northcote Peter T.
Published: May 2015

Nine new nitrogenous hamigeran diterpenoids are isolated and screened for their activity against the HL‐60 cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4 Addition of Unprotected Pyrrole onto Chiral Acrylamides: Toward Synthesis of New Polypeptidic Architectures.
Authors: Gratais Alexander , Pannecoucke Xavier , Bouzbouz Samir
Published: May 2015

A diversity of new functionalized acyclic chiral pyrrolamide compounds is synthesized by a robust process involving the creation of a C—C bond between pyrrole (I) and acyclic chiral acrylamides in the presence of Lewis acids.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Indole Alkaloid from Voacanga grandifolia.
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Haseo Azusa , Eko Nugroho Alfarius , Hirasawa Yusuke , Kaneda Toshio , Shirota Osamu , Rahman Abdul , Kusumawati Idha , Cholies Zaini Noor
Published: May 2015

isolation and structure elucidation of the new vobasine‐iboga type bisindole alkaloid, voacalgine F (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivities of Vinyl Azides and Their Recent Applications in Nitrogen Heterocycle Synthesis
Authors: Hu Bao , DiMagno Stephen G.
Published: May 2015

Review: [52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Synthesis of Antifeedant Leucosceptroid Natural Products
Authors: Hugelshofer Cedric L. , Magauer Thomas
Published: May 2015

Review: [22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trends in the Synthesis and Functionalization of Guaianolides
Authors: Santana Alejandro , Molinillo Jose M. G. , Macias Francisco A.
Published: May 2015

Review: [80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C‐Terminal Peptide Thioesters Using Fmoc‐Based Solid‐Phase Peptide Chemistry
Authors: Shelton Pernille Tofteng , Jensen Knud J.
Published: May 2015

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis Based on the Fmoc Protecting Group Strategy (CEM)
Authors: Vanier Grace S.
Published: May 2015

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Methylated Peptides: On‐Resin Methylation and Microwave‐Assisted Couplings
Authors: Roodbeen Renee , Jensen Knud J.
Published: May 2015

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Asymmetric Oxidation Using Air as Oxidant
Authors: Uchida Tatsuya , Katsuki Tsutomu
Published: May 2015

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Crystallography as a Novel Tool for the Understanding of the Mode of Action of Enzymes: SOD a Case Study
Authors: Tietze Daniel , Voigt Stephan , Mollenhauer Doreen , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: May 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Advances in Lanthanide Ion (Ln3+)‐Based Upconversion Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
Authors: Yang Dongmei , Ma Ping'an , Hou Zhiyou , Cheng Ziyong , Li Chunxia , Lin Jun
Published: May 2015

Review: 318 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water/Alcohol Soluble Conjugated Polymers for the Interface Engineering of Highly Efficient Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes and Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Zhicheng , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: May 2015

Review: [44 refs.
Microbiome‐immune interactions and liver disease
Authors: Tabibian James H. , Varghese Cyril , O'Hara Steven P. , LaRusso Nicholas F.
Published: May 2015

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