bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibiting Dendrites by Uniformizing Microstructure of Superionic Lithium Argyrodites for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Yu , Su Han , Zhong Yu , Zheng Matthew , Hu Yang , Zhao Feipeng , Kim Jung Tae , Gao Yingjie , Luo Jing , Lin Xiaoting , Tu Jiangping , Sun Xueliang
Published: May 2024

The all‐solid‐state lithium metal battery is considered the next‐generation energy storage device with the potential to double the energy density of state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries and eliminate safety hazards. Achieving stable Li plating/stripping without dendrite propagation within the solid electrolyte is crucial for delivering the promised high energy density. In this study, through the comparison of various synthesis routes, a novel cube‐shaped microstructure in the Li5.3PS4.3ClBr0.7 argyrodite electrolyte, synthesized using the high‐speed mechanical milling followed by annealing method (BMAN‐LPSCB) is identified. The uniform microstructure allows for the production of an electrolyte pellet with significantly reduced porosity through cold pressing. The removal of defects has significantly enhanced the electrolyte's ability to inhibit dendrite formation, with a critical current density reaching 3.8 mA cm−2. The lithium symmetric cell with BMAN‐LPSCB electrolyte exhibits stable Li plating/stripping for over 150 h at a high current density and cutoff capacity of 3 mA cm−2 / 3 mAh cm−2. The all‐solid‐state Li/NCM battery utilizing the BMAN‐LPSCB electrolyte also demonstrates excellent durability, with a capacity retention of 96% over 1000 cycles at a 1C rate. This study emphasizes that the microstructure of the sulfide electrolyte is a critical factor influencing mechanically‐driven Li dendrite propagation in all‐solid‐state batteries.
Direct Regeneration of Spent LiCoO2 Black Mass Based on Fluorenone‐Mediated Lithium Supplementation and Energy‐Saving Structural Restoration
Authors: Xu Mingli , Wu Chen , Ye Lang , Zhang Yuanteng , Zhang Chenyi , Hu Jieming , Tan Ran , Gu Dong , Wang Xuanze , Fontaine Olivier , Zhan Chun , Zhuang Lin , Ai Xinping , Qian Jiangfeng
Published: May 2024

Degraded LiCoO2 cathode from retired Li‐ion batteries is urgently required to be recycled in a greener way for economic and environmental considerations. The coarse metallurgy technologies for Li/Co extraction with massive CO2 emission and energy consumption cannot satisfy the requirements of carbon neutralization. Herein, it is proposed that direct regeneration of degraded LiCoO2 cathode could be realized via 9‐fluorenone‐mediated Li supplementation and follow‐up structural restoration. The 9‐fluorenone‐lithium reagent is elaborately selected to compensate for the missing Li+ into lattice with targeted stoichiometry owing to its compatible redox potential of 1.95 V versus Li+/Li, which is located just between the reversible intercalation (3.8 V) and irreversible conversion (1.2 V) potentials of LiCoO2 electrode. Then, thermal energy‐driven structure reorganization enables Li/Co atoms to occupy the right sites, accomplishing desirable structure healing within a short annealing time of 4 h. The regenerated LiCoO2 cathode exhibits comparable Li‐storage capability to commercial LiCoO2, benefiting from the non‐destructive direct regeneration technology. In addition, the regeneration route is regarded as environmentally (0.13 kg CO2 kg−1 cell) and economically (10.07 $ kg−1 cell) superior to conventional recycling routes based on life‐cycle analysis. The precise surgery on spent LiCoO2 cathode provides a promising solution for the forthcoming retirement rush of Li‐ion batteries.
Expansion of the prenatal phenotype of Baraitser–Winter syndrome: Presentation of two cases of multiple congenital anomaly syndrome
Authors: Burrill Natalie , Crane Haley , Khalek Nahla , Soni Shelly , Wild K. Taylor , Skraban Cara , McManus Morgan , Szigety Katherine , Oliver Edward R. , Partridge Emily , Agarwal Sonika , Fisher Allan , Wang Jing , Moldenhauer Julie S.
Published: May 2024

Baraitser–Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFF) is a variable multiple congenital anomaly condition, typically presenting postnatally with neurocognitive delays, distinctive facial features, cortical brain malformations, and in some, a variety of additional congenital malformations. However, only a few cases have reported the prenatal presentation of this syndrome. Here, we report two cases of BWCFF and their associated prenatal findings. One case presented with non‐immune hydrops fetalis and a horseshoe kidney and was found to have a de novo heterozygous variant in ACTB (c.158A>G). The second case presented with gastroschisis, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and oligohydramnios, and was found to harbor a different de novo variant in ACTB (c.826G>A). Limited reports exist describing prenatally identified anomalies that include fetal growth restriction, increased nuchal fold, bilateral hydronephrosis, rocker bottom foot, talipes, cystic hygroma, omphalocele, and hydrops fetalis. In addition, only three of these cases have included detailed prenatal imaging findings. The two prenatal cases presented here demonstrate an expansion of the prenatal phenotype of BWCFF to include gastroschisis, lymphatic involvement, and oligohydramnios, which should each warrant consideration of this diagnosis in the setting of additional anomalies.
Spin Transport in High‐Field Superconductors
Authors: Beckmann Detlef
Published: May 2024

High‐field superconductors are characterized by a spin splitting of the density of states, giving rise to spin transport phenomena. This includes spin‐polarized tunneling, spin‐dependent thermoelectric effects, long‐range quasiparticle spin transport, and spin‐dependent coupling of supercurrents and quasiparticles. This review gives a brief overview of the theory background, recent experimental progress in the field, and an outlook on open problems and possible applications.
Building Functional Liquid‐Based Interfaces: From Mechanism to Application
Authors: Fan Yi , Huang Xinlu , Ji Jiaao , Zhang Wenli , Zhang Jian , Hou Xu
Published: May 2024

Functional liquid‐based interfaces, with their inhomogeneous regions that emphasize the functionalized liquids, have attracted much interest as a versatile platform for a broad spectrum of applications, from chemical manufacturing to practical uses. These interfaces leverage the physicochemical characteristics of liquids, alongside dynamic behaviors induced by macroscopic wettability and microscopic molecular exchange balance, to allow for tailored properties within their functional structures. In this Minireview, we provide a foundational overview of these functional interfaces, based on the structural investigations and molecular mechanisms of interaction forces that directly modulate functionalities. Then, we discuss design strategies that have been employed in recent applications, and the crucial aspects that require focus. Finally, we highlight the current challenges in functional liquid‐based interfaces and provide a perspective on future research directions.
Rational Design of the Spatial Effect in a Fe(II)/α‐Ketoglutarate‐Dependent Dioxygenase Reverses the Regioselectivity of C(sp3)−H Bond Hydroxylation in Aliphatic Amino Acids
Authors: Zheng Chenni , Wei Wanqing , Wen Jian , Song Wei , Wu Jing , Wang Ran , Yin Dejing , Chen Xiulai , Gao Cong , Liu Jia , Liu Liming
Published: May 2024

The hydroxylation of remote C(sp3)−H bonds in aliphatic amino acids yields crucial precursors for the synthesis of high‐value compounds. However, accurate regulation of the regioselectivity of remote C(sp3)−H bonds hydroxylation in aliphatic amino acids continues to be a common challenge in chemosynthesis and biosynthesis. In this study, the Fe(II)/α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase from Bacillus subtilis (BlAH) was mined and found to catalyze hydroxylation at the γ and δ sites of aliphatic amino acids. Crystal structure analysis, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum chemical calculations revealed that regioselectivity was regulated by the spatial effect of BlAH. Based on these results, the spatial effect of BlAH was reconstructed to stabilize the transition state at the δ site of aliphatic amino acids, thereby successfully reversing the γ site regioselectivity to the δ site. For example, the regioselectivity of L‐Homoleucine (5 a) was reversed from the γ site (1 : 12) to the δ site (>99 : 1). The present study not only expands the toolbox of biocatalysts for the regioselective functionalization of remote C(sp3)−H bonds, but also provides a theoretical guidance for the precision‐driven modification of similarly remote C(sp3)−H bonds in complex molecules.
Novel controllable (Ba0.8Sr0.2)CO3@Mesoporous silicate core/shell nanocomposite grafted fluorescent probes for colorimetric, sensing, and selective detection of heavy metals
Authors: Bakr Eman A. , Hamada Wafaa M. , Noser Ahmed A. , Fayed Tarek A. , El‐Nahass Marwa N.
Published: May 2024

Fluorescent nanosensors are one of the most efficient techniques used for detection of toxic metal ions, based on ligand embedded into mesoporous materials. In this study, four different novel nanosensors NS1, NS2, NS3, and NS4 have been synthesized by incorporating fluorescent probes containing dihydropyridine and dihydropyrimidinone fragments into amino‐functionalized controllable (Ba0.8Sr0.2)CO3@Mesoporous silicate core/shell nanocomposite. The designed nanosensors were characterized by FT‐IR (Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy), X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. Visual naked‐eye observations and emission technique were employed to investigate the recognition and sensing capability of the investigated nanosensors toward various metal ions (Al3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+). A great quenching in the fluorescence intensity was clearly observed with the majority of studied metal ions for all the nanosensors. The binding constants and limit of detection (LOD) have been calculated. Cu2+ is the strongest binded one with both NS1 and NS2, while Al3+ and Fe3+ are the strongest binded metal ions with NS3 and NS4, respectively. The obtained results confirmed the high ability of the nanosensors to detect heavy metals ions at environmentally relevant concentrations using simple and low‐cost experimental studies with good reversibility and reusability.
An oxo‐acetato‐bridged trinuclear cobalt(III) cluster‐persuaded cobalt oxide active electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution activity
Authors: Sarkar Gayetri , Diyali Nilankar , Mondal Bipul , Agrawalla Suraj Kumar , Purohit Chandra Shekhar , Das Hari Sankar , Biswas Bhaskar
Published: May 2024

This study presents the synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of the cobalt(III) complex [Co3(μ1,1,1‐O)(μ1,3‐CH3CO2)(L)3]2(DMF)3 (Cotri), featuring a double deprotonated (N,O)‐donor ligand (L2‐), where the protonated form of it (H2L) is 2,2′‐(hydrazine‐1,2‐diylidenebis(ethan‐1‐yl‐1‐ylidene))diphenol. The X‐ray structure reveals a trinuclear cobalt cluster formed with three cobalt(III) centers interlinking through oxido (μ1,1,1‐O) and acetato (μ1,3‐O2CCH3) bridges in coupling with bis‐congregator‐type chelating ligands. Cotri adopts cobalt centers of octahedral and trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometries and bears a dominant Co(2)…H(DMF) agostic interactions appraised by lattice dimethyl formamide (DMF) molecules. Further, Cotri shows promising heterogeneous electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity in 1 M KOH, with an overpotential of 441 mV to achieve 10 mA/cm2 current density. Tafel slope analysis suggests the Volmer–Heyrovsky step as the rate‐determining step. The number of active sites and TOF for Cotri were estimated at 4.010 × 10−8 mol and 0.2467 s−1, respectively, ensuring its excellent hydrogen generation activity. Stability assessments through controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) for multiple cycles addressed the transformation of Cotri to Co2O3 nanoparticles, which turned out to be a more active Co2O3 electrocatalyst. The morphology and particle size of the in situ developed Co2O3 active catalyst under the electrochemical conditions attributes to the superior hydrogen evolution activity.
A highly selective Cd‐based metal‐organic framework fluorescent probe for rapid recognition of cephalothin in water
Authors: Wang Qicheng , Zhu Shan , Tan Zhenqi , Quan Yue , Li Yufen , Yang Tao , Zhou Xinhui , You Yujian , Wang Ru
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, the problem of antibiotic pollution in the water environment is becoming more and more serious, which has caused great harm to human health and the circulatory system. Therefore, it is extremely crucial to design an effective and sensitive method for the recognition of antibiotics in water. In this research, 1‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylic acid (H2L) was used as a ligand to prepare a luminescent two‐dimensional (2D) metal–organic framework (MOF), CdL·H2O (1). 1 can specifically recognize antibiotic cephalothin (CET) in aqueous environments through a fluorescence‐enhanced response, which demonstrated a favorable linear correlation between the fluorescence intensities of 1 and the concentrations of CET (0–50 μM) with a linear fluorescence enhancement slope KEC value of 5.4750 × 104 M−1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 165 nM. The fast response, good selectivity, anti‐interference ability, and reusability for CET recognition were also verified. 1 represents the inaugural MOF‐based fluorescent material designed for the recognition of CET. Additionally, the detection mechanism for CET was explored in detail with a view to better understanding the fluorescence sensing process.
Beyond static: Tracking the dynamic nature of water absorption and Young's modulus in IPMC devices
Authors: Saccardo Matheus Colovati , Barbosa Rafael , Zuquello Ariel G. , Blanco Guilherme Eduardo de Oliveira , Tozzi Kaique A. , Gonçalves Roger , Scuracchio Carlos H.
Published: May 2024

Ionomeric polymer‐metal composites (IPMC) are advanced materials designed to mimic biological systems. Their performance depends on various factors, including electrical stimulus intensity, membrane hydration, ionic migration, and Young's modulus. However, there is a lack of studies in the literature investigating how the water absorption capacity and elastic modulus change over time in IPMCs. Understanding the hydration level variation as a function of time is essential because as this parameter deviates, the ionic migration capacity and Young's modulus also change, altering the device's electromechanical efficiency over time. To address this research gap, Nafion/Pt‐based IPMC devices exchanged with four monovalent cations (H+, Li+, Na+, and K+) and one ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium—BMIM+) were prepared, and a comprehensive investigation on how the water absorption capacity and Young's modulus vary as a function of time, relative humidity (RH), and counterion size was performed. The results revealed that the water uptake capacity is significantly higher and occurs more rapidly at higher RH levels and when the counterion's ionic radius decreases. Consequently, the time required for the device to reach osmotic equilibrium can range from 40 to 270 min, depending on the RH and counterion used. Furthermore, it was observed that the first natural frequency and Young's modulus also exhibit time‐dependent behavior. Under constant RH conditions, the mechanical properties of the IPMC can vary by up to 50% in less than 60 min. Notably, the combined results from water uptake capacity, Young's modulus, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electromechanical response analyses (including blocking force, displacement, displacement rate, current, coulombic efficiency, and voltage) suggest that a morphological transformation within the polymer is likely to occur once RH exceeds 60%. This finding strengthens the hypothesis that ion migration is mainly influenced by their movement through Nafion's ionomeric channels rather than the filling of ionic agglomerates.
Preparation and properties investigation of flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam composites based on alkylphosphate oligomer
Authors: Wu Qiang , Huang Fulin , Cui Aihua , Liu Chunlin , Zhang Shihua , Long Hongming , Liu Jiayang , Liu Xiuyu , Gang Tang
Published: May 2024

In this work, FR‐PNX, an alkylphosphate oligomer was introduced into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) to fabricate FR‐PNX/RPUF composites. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, and combustion properties of composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric (TG), microcalorimetry (MCC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), et al. The flame retardancy tests demonstrated that the incorporation of 50 phr of FR‐PNX yielded composites that the highest LOI of 23.6 vol% and achieved a V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test. TG results indicated that FR‐PNX promoted the decomposition of FR‐RPUF in the process, but enhanced the high‐temperature stability of the composites. MCC analyses revealed that the addition of FR‐PNX suppressed the heat release during combustion, and FR‐PNX50/RPUF exhibited the lowest total heat release of 17.3 MJ/m2, a 35% reduction compared to the pure sample. Moreover, the peak heat release rate was decreased to 83.1 W/g, representing a 46.9% reduction compared to pure RPUF. SEM and Raman analyses of the char residue demonstrated that the incorporation of FR‐PNX facilitated the formation of a dense and continuous char layer in the FR‐RPUF, with increased graphitization degree of the char layer, thereby enhancing the composite's fire resistance through the development of a more stable fire barrier.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Binaphthyl Derivatives with Comprehensive Introduction of Phenylethynyl Groups
Authors: Sakai Misato , Fujio Shinya , Imayoshi Ayumi , Sasamori Takahiro , Okada Keita , Imai Yoshitane , Hasegawa Masashi , Tsubaki Kazunori
Published: May 2024

In this study, compounds with phenylethynyl (PE) groups introduced at all of the possible positions of the methylene‐bridged structure of the 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol backbone (3‐PE to 8‐PE) were synthesized. Compounds with four or six phenylethynyl groups (3,6‐PE, 4,6‐PE, 5,6‐PE, 6,7‐PE, and 3,4,6‐PE) were also synthesized. The key reaction for the synthesis of these compounds was the Sonogashira reaction using halogen scaffolds. The new transformation methods include (1) selective bromination of the 5‐position of the binaphthyl skeleton and (2) bromination of the 6‐position and then iodination of the 4‐position, followed by the Sonogashira reaction of iodine at the 4‐position and lithiation and protonation of bromine at the 6‐position. The optical properties of the compounds were evaluated. The extension of the π system greatly differed depending on the position of the phenylethynyl group. 4‐PE, 4,6‐PE, and 3,4,6‐PE, in which the phenylethynyl groups were introduced in the extended direction of the naphthalene linkage axis, showed longer absorption and emission wavelengths and higher fluorescence quantum yields than the other compounds. In circularly polarized luminescence measurements, 7‐PE showed a relatively large glum value, an interesting finding that reverses the sense.
Investigation of engine performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Adansonia digitata methyl ester doped with nanosilica additive extracted from agricultural waste
Authors: Kapile Fredrick Andrew , Bereczky Akos , Lukács Kristóf , Ntalikwa Justin W. , Kivevele Thomas T.
Published: May 2024

Recent studies have used nanoparticle additions to enhance the fuel properties of biodiesel. However, it is unclear how these additives would affect engine operation. The effects of commercial nanoadditives on engines have been the subject of several studies. The current study focuses on nanoparticles derived from agricultural waste – specifically rice husk (RH) – to enhance their value. This study therefore examined silica (SiO2) doped with Adansonia digitata methyl ester (ADME) and tested it in a diesel engine. All nanofuel blends were prepared using an ultrasonication process, incorporating 400 ppm of SiO2 nanoparticles, fuels, and 1% surfactants. The results revealed that the brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) at maximum brake power (BP), for B20, B20 + SiO2, B100, and B100 + SiO2 fuels, were 29.9%, 28.2%, 28.44%, and 27.1%, respectively. Brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was also reduced when the engine ran from 4 to 16 kW BP. The exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of B100 and B100 + SiO2 increased more than that of B20. The peak heat release rates (HRR) of the B100 + SiO2 and B20 + SiO2 were slightly higher by 2.9% and 2.6%, respectively than the neat B100 at medium BP. However, in‐cylinder gas pressure (CGP) increased in the following order: B20 + SiO2 < B20 < B100 < B100 + SiO2 < B0. Moreover, the exhaust emissions of nanofuel blends showed a greater reduction in CO, total hydrocarbon (THC), CO2, NOX, and particulate matter (PM) in comparison with B20 and B100. Overall, this study recommends that SiO2 nanoadditive is a beneficial substitute fuel additive to use with biodiesel and its blends due to enhanced engine performance efficiency and reduced emissions.
Four Unidentified Compounds Isolated from the Stem Barks of Aphanamixis polystachya and Their NO Production Inhibition in LPS Activated RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Anh Bang Ngo , Thi Thuy Hang Dan , Thi Hai Yen Duong , Huy Hoang Nguyen , Thi Dung Duong , The Cuong Nguyen , Hai Yen Pham , Xuan Nhiem Nguyen , Huu Tai Bui , Van Kiem Phan
Published: May 2024

Phytochemical study on the methanol extract of the stem barks of Aphanamixis polystachya led to the isolation of four previously undescribed (1‐4) and ten known compounds (5‐14). Their chemical structures were elucidated to be 11‐methoxysawaranospiroride C (1), 6α,9S,10,13‐tetrahydroxymegastigmane‐3‐one (2), 11‐hydroxyaphanamixin B (3), (2Z,6E,13E)‐2,6,13‐triene‐11,15‐dihydroxyphytanic acid (4), cinnacasside D (5), cinnacasside E (6), vilsonol F (7), (3S,5R,6S,7E,9R)‐3,5,6,9‐tetrahydroxy‐7‐en‐megastigmane (8), (3S,5R,6R,7E,9R)‐3,6,9,10‐tetrahydroxy‐7‐en‐megastigmane (9), citroside A (10), threo‐1‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐1,2,3‐propanetriol (11), 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl‐1‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (12), p‐coumaric acid (13), ferulic acid (14) by HR‐ESI‐MS, ECD, 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR spectra. Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 9 showed NO production inhibitory activity in LPS activated RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 42.0, 67.9, 20.5, and 78.6 μM, respectively, while the remaining compounds were inactive with IC50 values over 100 μM.
A case of corrosive tracheoesophageal fistula: A complication of button battery ingestion
Authors: Mlay Kenneth Joseph , Kipiki Peter Ernest , Minja Bernard , Mtenga Philibert , Sadiq Adnan , Chussi Desderius
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Button battery ingestion has been a common condition encountered by otorhinolaryngologists. Impaction in the esophagus can lead to serious and fatal complications such as tracheoesophageal fistula. Management involves a multidisciplinary team and varies from supportive therapy to surgical intervention.

Ingestion of button batteries has been seen with increasing frequency over the past decade. In several small numbers of reported cases, their impaction in the esophagus has led to severe, sometimes fatal, complications. The management of these cases has varied from expectant, supportive therapy to early surgical intervention. We report a case of button battery ingestion that was diagnosed late and resulted in a complication of tracheoesophageal fistula with migration to the thorax which was managed by open surgery.
The miracle of IVUS for unforeseen stent thrombosis: A case report
Authors: Mehrpooya Maryam , Koohsari Parisa , Farsani Ehsan Moradi
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Stent thrombosis is a serious complication with high morbidity and mortality rates resulting in cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction that occurs following stent placement during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Stent underexpansion or malapposition are avoidable risk factors for stent thrombosis. Sufficient postdilation should be considered to mitigate this risk, especially with the guidance of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). We present the case of a 60‐year‐old man developing a thrombotic lesion inside a stent 2 weeks after PCI for Non‐ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), which was strongly related to stent underexpansion and malapposition. This case highlights the importance of IVUS in evaluating procedural success, particularly in assessing stent expansion and apposition.
Angiomyxolipoma of the spermatic cord: A case report
Authors: Kyriakos Saad Melissa , Sader Georgio , Saikaly Elias
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Lipomas are considered one of the most frequent benign mesenchymal tumors with copious variants. Among these variants is angiomyxolipoma (AML) which is considered an extremely rare entity. To the best of our knowledge, only 19 cases have been reported in the English medical literature, of which three of them involving the spermatic cord. Herein, we report the fourth case of a 37‐year‐old male patient with angiomyxolipoma (AML) of the spermatic cord discovered incidentally during elective hernia repair.
A rare case report: Myopathy related to the interaction between azathioprine and infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Fu Lingyu , Wang Shiying , Wang Yingyan , Zhang Haiyan
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Administering azathioprine or infliximab for UC and AS treatment carries a significant risk of adverse reactions. Here, we present the case diagnosed with UC and AS, who received treatment with azathioprine and infliximab for 10 months, and subsequently developed drug‐induced myopathy affecting the right vastus medialis muscle.

Drug‐induced myopathy is an uncommon form of muscle injury that can arise in patients without preexisting muscle conditions when exposed to therapeutic doses of certain medications. Administering azathioprine or infliximab for ulcerative colitis (UC) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treatment carries a significant risk of adverse reactions, including drug‐induced myopathy and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. However, occurrences of myopathy induced by the combination of azathioprine and infliximab are rarely reported in clinical practice. Here, we present the case of a 37‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with UC and AS, who received treatment with azathioprine and infliximab for 10 months. Despite the resolution of symptoms and improvement in intestinal mucosal inflammation observed via endoscopy, the patient subsequently developed drug‐induced myopathy affecting the right vastus medialis muscle.
Peer feedback exchanged in group supervision: A concept mapping approach
Authors: Willis Ben T. , Schmidt Christopher D. , Wahesh Edward , Kemer Gulsah
Published: May 2024

Using concept mapping, the authors examined peer feedback exchanged in group supervision to understand how master's level interns perceived feedback received from their peers. Five regions and 18 clusters were represented through 193 feedback statements, and the interns rated the benefit, desirability, accuracy, and impact of the feedback they received.
Influence of storage length on the nutritive value of baleage
Authors: Burt Justin C. , Baxter Lisa L. , Payne Sydney L. , Hendricks Taylor J. , Stewart R. Lawton , Tucker Jennifer J.
Published: May 2024

High‐quality forages can benefit from being harvested as baleage when the environmental conditions are not favorable for dry hay production. Currently, it is recommended that baleage should be fed within 9‐months post‐harvest; however, mild winters can reduce the demand for these stored forages. Data are limited on the changes in nutritive value of baleage stored beyond the recommended timepoint. Therefore, the objective was to determine the effect of storage length on nutritive value of forage harvested and stored as baleage. This study evaluated baleage harvested from 2016 to 2018 in Tifton, GA, consisting of either bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.), or a mixture of bermudagrass and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Baleage was sampled for nutritive value analysis at 6‐weeks and 9‐ and 12‐months post‐harvest, with a subset of bales sampled at 24 months. Regardless of forage, crude protein, total digestible nutrients, and in‐vitro dry matter digestibility at 48 h were not impacted in bales sampled up to 12‐months post‐harvest (p > 0.07). However, acid detergent fiber increased when baleage was stored beyond 6 weeks but did not change from 9 to 12 months (p < 0.01). In the subset of bales stored up to 24‐months post‐harvest, all nutritive value parameters evaluated were negatively impacted (p < 0.01). The prolonged storage period may negatively affect the baleage plastic integrity, resulting in a decline in nutritive value if anaerobic conditions are not maintained. Future research is warranted to evaluate the changes in the fermentation profile of baleage under extended storage conditions.
Electrochemical Oxidation Enables Radical Dearomative Spiroannulation to 2H‐Spiro[benzofuran‐3,9′‐fluoren]‐2‐one
Authors: Yue Yuanyuan , Guo Xiaohui , Zhang Jianhang , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhang Yilin , Tang Qinghu , Bai Ruopeng , Yi Hong , Liu Jianming
Published: May 2024

Developing pragmatic strategies for accessing functional benzofuran‐2‐ones from 3‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)benzofuran remains an enduring challenge. Herein, we have achieved a highly discriminating electrochemical oxidative dearomative spiroannulation of 3‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)benzofuran, culminating in the synthesis of 2H‐spiro[benzofuran‐3,9′‐fluoren]‐2‐one derivatives. By harnessing the electrophilic intermediates of benzofuryl radical cations supported by DFT calculations, we attain exceptional regioselectivity while eliminating the need for stoichiometric oxidants. Mechanistic investigations reveal a sequence of events involving the benzofuran radical cation, encompassing the capture of H2O, nucleophilic arene attack, and subsequent deprotonation, ultimately yielding the final benzofuran‐2‐ones.
Base‐Stabilized Gallium Sulfides and Selenides Supported by a Bis(oxazolinyl)(phenyl)methanide Ligand
Authors: Ding Tao , Nakano Ryo , Yamashita Makoto
Published: May 2024

Gallylene supported by a bis(oxazolinyl)(phenyl)methanide (Boxm) ligand was synthesized and structurally characterized. The reaction of this gallylene with triphenylphosphine sulfide/selenide yielded dimeric gallium sulfide and selenide. These compounds could be converted to monomeric terminal sulfide and selenide by coordination of an external Lewis base such as an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC or IMe4) and 4‐dimethylaminopyridiene (DMAP). These doubly‐base‐stabilized gallium sulfide/selenide reacted with phenyl isocyanate to give the corresponding cycloadducts by releasing the Lewis base, indicating the formation of a single‐base‐stabilized gallium sulfide/selenide intermediate.
Wayuu people's positions regarding the acceptability of political amnesties in Colombia
Authors: Turizo‐ Palencia Yamile , Pineda‐Marín Claudia , Sastre Maria Teresa Munoz , Mullet Etienne
Published: May 2024

This study mapped the diverse personal positions of the Wayuu indigenous community in Colombia regarding the acceptability of political amnesties in a post‐conflict context. The sample was composed of 130 indigenous adults between 18 and 74 years of age residing in the Guajira region, who were shown 12 amnesty‐related scenarios. These scenarios were composed according to a three‐factor design: (a) the level of detail that the amnesty applicant (former combatant of some illegal armed group in Colombia) was willing to disclose, (b) whether or not the applicant asked for forgiveness, and (c) the severity of the punishment endured by the amnesty applicant (A cluster analysis yielded three qualitatively different positions: never acceptable (18%), almost always acceptable (9%) and depends jointly on the quality of the information and remorse (73%). For the vast majority of Wayuu community members, a political amnesty for a former combatant of a Colombian armed group is not acceptable. For those who have accepted it, amnesty is only possible if the applicant proves that he or she is not causing harm to third parties. And it would also be conditioned to the particular situation of each case. A collective amnesty process has no chance of being considered acceptable.
Interfacial Design of Particulate Photocatalyst Materials for Green Hydrogen Production
Authors: Higashi Tomohiro , Domen Kazunari
Published: May 2024

Green hydrogen production using particulate photocatalyst materials has attracted much attention in recent years because this process could potentially lead to inexpensive and scalable solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion systems. Although the development of efficient particulate photocatalysts enabling one‐step overall water splitting (OWS) with solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiencies in excess of 10 % remains challenging, promising photocatalyst candidates exhibiting OWS activity have been demonstrated. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion process of semiconductor photocatalyst materials and highlights recent advances in photocatalytic OWS via both one‐step and two‐step photoexcitation processes. The review also covers recent developments in the photocatalytic OWS of SrTiO3, including the establishment of large‐scale photocatalytic systems, interfacial design using cocatalysts to enhance water splitting activity, and its photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties at the electrified solid/liquid interface. In addition, there is a special focus on visible‐light‐absorbing oxynitride and oxysulfide particulate photocatalysts with absorption edges near 600 nm. Methods for photocatalyst preparation and surface modification, as well as PEC properties, are also discussed. The semiconductor properties of particulate photocatalysts obtained from photoelectroanalytical evaluations using particulate photoelectrodes are evaluated. This review is intended to provide guidelines for the future development of particulate photocatalysts capable of efficient and stable OWS.
Densely Branched Carbon Nanotubes for Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Zheng Shuoran , Gao Yifan , Xia Shenxin , Qiu Junjie , Xi Xiangyun , Li Jianfeng , Li Tongtao , Yang Dong , Dong Angang
Published: May 2024

To address the inherent limitations of conventional carbon nanotubes (CNTs), such as their tendency to agglomerate and scarcity of catalytic sites, the development of branched carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) with a unique hierarchical structure has emerged as a promising solution. Herein, gram scale quantities of densely branched and structurally consistent Ni−Fe decorated branched CNTs (Ni−Fe@BCNT) have been prepared. This uniform and densely branched architecture ensures excellent dispersibility and superior electrical conductivity. Additionally, each branched tip is equipped with Ni−Fe particles, thereby providing numerous catalytic sites which endow them with exceptional catalytic activity for the conversion of polysulfides. The polypropylene (PP) separator modified with Ni−Fe@BCNT interlayer is fabricated as a multifunctional barrier for Li–S batteries. The experimental results demonstrate that Ni−Fe@BCNT interlayer can effectively suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides and enhance their redox kinetics. The outstanding catalytic ability of Ni−Fe@BCNT interlayer enables batteries with high specific capacities, outstanding rate performance, and remarkable cycling stability. This approach proposed in this work paves a new path for synthesizing BCNTs and shows great potential for scaling up the production of BCNTs to address more demanding applications.
A stacking machine‐learning based method for accelerating magnetic coupler design with ferrite cores in inductive power transfer applications
Authors: Ding Wenhua , Wang Yufei , Chen Tingyu , Lu Zhenghong , You Yue , Wang Jingyu , Huang Zhicong
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a magnetic coupler design method for WPT systems based on stacking machine‐learning algorithms. A synthetic dataset generated by ANSYS Maxwell is used for training and evaluating machine‐learning models. Stacking technology effectively combines the results from multiple models and make best predictions. The designed model allows us to obtain the optimal values of the coil inner radius
and number of turns
, when other coil design parameters such as the coil outer radius
, the wire diameter
, and the coil inductance
, are given based on the application environment. The proposed method provides practical solutions meeting design requirements quickly, easily accommodating magnetic couplers with ferrite cores, and showing advantages in designing magnetic couplers with optimal power transfer efficiency.
Joint optimization of efficiency and volume for an inductor‐based battery balancing circuit
Authors: Jiang Jianbo , Ye Yang , Zhao Enming , Li Peng , Luo Weiming
Published: May 2024

In recent years, with the increase in the number of electric vehicles, the number of retired power batteries, which predominantly include lithium‐ion batteries, has surged. Recycling these retired power batteries can reduce environmental pollution and resource waste. However, the voltage of a single lithium‐ion battery is low, and multiple single batteries need to be connected in series to satisfy application requirements. This use of multiple batteries results in inconsistencies in battery cell parameters. As the number of series connections increases, this inconsistency problem becomes more prominent, and it can even decrease the system's capable number of charge and discharge cycles. Due to the wide voltage performances of lithium‐ion batteries, inductive balancing circuits are more suitable for balancing a series of lithium‐ion battery cells. This paper considers a single inductor balancing circuit and proposes a joint optimization of efficiency and volume. By flexibly allocating the weight coefficients of efficiency and volume, the algorithm can optimize the overall efficiency and volume of the hardware circuit according to different circuit design requirements. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed joint optimization method is verified by building a laboratory prototype.
A novel design algorithm for low complexity sparse 2‐D FIR filters
Authors: Li Yi , Zhao Jiaxiang , Xu Wei
Published: May 2024

The hardware implementation complexity of traditional two‐dimensional (2‐D) finite impulse response (FIR) filters with high order is very high. In this paper, a novel sparse 2‐D FIR filter design algorithm has been proposed by combining the common subexpression elimination technique and sparse filter design algorithms to reduce hardware implementation complexity. First, an initial 2‐D FIR filter with sparse coefficients that meets frequency‐domain specifications is obtained by the sparse filter design algorithm. Then, each filter coefficient is quantized in canonical signed digit, and the sensitivities of all weight‐two subexpressions and isolated non‐zero bits are calculated. Finally, the filter coefficients with low implementation cost are reconstructed via iteratively choosing subexpressions and isolated non‐zero bits in terms of their sensitivities. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm saves about
of adders compared with other low complexity filter design method, which reduces effectively the implementation cost.
Is blood blood? Comparing quantitation of endogenous steroids and luteinizing hormone in concurrently collected venous serum and Tasso+ SST capillary serum samples
Authors: Goodrum Jenna M. , Peek Katy , Moore Chad , Eichner Daniel , Miller Geoffrey D.
Published: May 2024

The monitoring of endogenous steroids in urine has been an important component of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) for the last decade. Recently, the quantitation of endogenous steroids in blood has been incorporated into the ABP to increase sensitivity in circumstances where the excretion of urinary ABP biomarkers is low. Current ABP guidelines mandate the use of venous blood draws for blood steroid sample collections, however, recent efforts have focused on investigating the use of less invasive sample collection methods, such as capillary blood collected from the upper arm. The focus of this study was to compare the analytical results of venous and capillary blood collected weekly from 20 individuals, 10 males and 10 females, over six weeks. The two primary biomarkers of the blood steroid ABP module, testosterone (T) and the testosterone/androstenedione (T/A4) ratio, were compared, as well as luteinizing hormone (LH) and the T/LH ratio in male participants, two biomarkers known to be responsive to T use. All biomarkers showed excellent agreement between venous and capillary blood. Longitudinal stability between sample types within individuals was also comparable for all biomarkers. Finally, storage of simultaneously collected capillary samples at room temperature and frozen conditions was compared with evaluate the potential impact of non‐cold chain shipping conditions. Most biomarkers showed excellent agreement between frozen and room temperature storage conditions. These results indicate capillary blood collections represent a promising alternative to venous blood collections for the blood steroid module of the ABP.
Effects of antibiotic resistance genes on health risks of rivers in habitat of wild animals under human disturbance – based on analysis of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in microbes of river sediments
Authors: Hu Rongpan , Ren Minxing , Liang Sumei , Zou Shuzhen , Li Dayong
Published: May 2024

Studying the ecological risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to wild animals from human disturbance (HD) is an important aspect of “One Health”. The highest risk level of ARGs is reflected in pathogenic antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (PARBs). Metagenomics was used to analyze the characteristics of PARBs in river sediments. Then, the total contribution of ARGs and virulence factors (VFs) were assessed to determine the health risk of PARBs to the rivers. Results showed that HD increased the diversity and total relative abundance of ARG groups, as well as increased the kinds of PARBs, their total relative abundance, and their gene numbers of ARGs and VFs. The total health risks of PARBs in wild habitat group (CK group), agriculture group (WA group), grazing group (WG group), and domestic sewage group (WS group) were 0.067 × 10−3, −1.55 × 10−3, 87.93 × 10−3, and 153.53 × 10−3, respectively. Grazing and domestic sewage increased the health risk of PARBs. However, agriculture did not increase the total health risk of the rivers, but agriculture also introduced new pathogenic mechanisms and increased the range of drug resistance. More serious was the increased transfer risk of ARGs in the PARBs from the rivers to wild animals under agriculture and grazing. If the ARGs in the PARBs are transferred from the rivers under HD to wild animals, then wild animals may face severe challenges of acquiring new pathogenic mechanisms and developing resistance to antibiotics. Further analysis showed that the total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were related to the risk of ARGs. Therefore, controlling human emissions of TP and DON could reduce the health risk of rivers.
Crepuscular rays — The bright side of complement after tissue injury
Authors: Mannes Marco , Savukoski Susa , Ignatius Anita , Halbgebauer Rebecca , Huber‐Lang Markus
Published: May 2024

Acute injuries trigger an intense activation of the body's defense mechanisms aiming to limit damage and initiate healing. Among the crucial components of the intravascular immune system, the complement system plays a significant role in traumatic injuries, albeit often negatively. It has been suggested that excessive activation of the complement system, transitioning from a localized and timed response to a systemic one, can lead to a loss of its host‐protective characteristics. Complement activation products have been associated with the severity of injuries, which sometimes serve as predictors for the onset of organ dysfunctions. Animal studies utilizing complement‐targeting agents have provided the basis for considering complement in the management of traumatic injuries in humans. However, numerous studies suggest that the spatial and temporal aspects of complement inhibition are crucial for its efficacy. Understanding the underlying mechanism of the injury is essential to determine where, when, and whether complement inhibition is warranted. Despite the detrimental effects of uncontrolled complement activation, its regulated activation may contribute to essential aspects of healing, such as waste removal and regeneration. This review focuses on the beneficial roles of complement activation in trauma, which are often overlooked or given less consideration but are of immense importance.
Recent Advances in Developing Radical Methods for the Synthesis of Aliphatic Sulfonyl Fluorides
Authors: Lin Lu , Pei Guanhua , Cao Zhong‐Yan , Liao Saihu
Published: May 2024

Sulfonyl fluorides have widespread applications in many fields, including organic synthesis, chemical biology, drug discovery and materials science. In particular, in the past decade, a number of aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides have been identified showing various biological activities. These applications and appealing features of sulfonyl fluorides have brought about a significant advancement in developing synthetic methods to access sulfonyl fluorides. In this review, we will discuss the recent developments of radical approaches for the synthesis of aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides.
Keeping score: Past victimization reduces offenders’ conciliatory sentiments for their present transgressions
Authors: Thai Michael , Wenzel Michael , Quinney Blake , Woodyatt Lydia , Okimoto Tyler G.
Published: May 2024

Many relationships within which interpersonal transgressions transpire often involve histories of reciprocal wrongdoing, where each party has occupied both the role of victim and offender. We investigate whether past incidents of being wronged by the victim of a present transgression may dampen offenders’ conciliatory sentiments for their present wrongdoing. Across four studies (combined N = 1037), we find evidence that past victimization experiences within the context of an interpersonal relationship can blur offenders’ construal of their role as offender and elicit feelings of victimhood, allowing them to exonerate themselves and feel less guilt for their present wrongdoing, display less empathy for the present victim, and reduce their willingness to reconcile with the present victim. These findings highlight the importance of taking into account historical transgressions within a relationship as a determinant of relationship repair in the aftermath of present wrongdoings.