bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Norma Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Peretasan (Hacking) di Indonesia
Authors: Khalisah Azzahra Mazaya , Kirana Putri
Published: December 2022

AbstractCybercrime is a crime related to technology or cyberspace against public or private interests. Act Number 11 of 2009 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions as amended in Act Number 19 of 2019 (hereinafter referred to as UU ITE) regulates cybercrime in 9 main articles, one of which is the crime of hacking. Further investigation with cases that emerged in the last 2 years such as Hacking WhatsApp Accounts from 8 ICW Coordinators to hacking Ganjar Pranowo's Youtube account. However, Indonesian legal norms governing cybercrimes are still limited to the UU ITE. Increasing internet accessibility in Indonesia has not been harmonized with law enforcement and even faces serious issues in society. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the preventive or repressive aspects of the criminal act of hacking, the preparation of Indonesian criminal law in dealing with cybercrimes, and the punishment of criminal acts using the normative analysis method. Keywords: Hacking; Cybercrime; Crime.
AbstrakKejahatan Siber atau Cybercrime merupakan tindak pidana atau kejahatan yang berkaitan dengan teknologi atau cyberspace terhadap kepentingan umum maupun kepentingan pribadi. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2009 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik sebagaimana telah diubah dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2019 (selanjutnya disebut sebagai UU ITE) mengatur tindak pidana cybercrime dalam 9 pasal utama, salah satunya adalah tindak pidana peretasan atau hacking. Menelisik lebih lanjut dengan adanya kasus yang muncul 2 tahun terakhir seperti Peretasan Akun Whatsapp dari 8 Koordinator ICW hingga peretasan akun Youtube Ganjar Pranowo. Akan tetapi, norma hukum Indonesia yang mengatur terkait kejahatan siber masih terbatas pada UU ITE. Peningkatan aksesibilitas internet di Indonesia belum diselaraskan dengan penegakan hukum bahkan menghadapi isu serius di masyarakat. Dengan demikian, tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah menganalisa aspek preventif ataupun represif tindak pidana peretasan, persiapan hukum pidana Indonesia dalam menangani kejahatan siber, dan pemidanaan dari tindak pidana menggunakan metode analisa normatif.Kata Kunci: Hacking; Kejahatan Siber; Tindak Pidana.
Wewenang Kreditor Separatis Dalam Mengeksekusi Jaminan Saat Insolvensi Akibat Gagalnya Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU)
Authors: Tambunan Daniel Marihot
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe debtor's bankruptcy decision based on the failure of PKPU will immediately placed the separatist creditors within 2 months to execute the collateral during the insolvency period. This short period of time caused conflict in practice between the curator and the separatist creditors over the authority of the separatist creditors to execute the collateral. This research discussed the legal remedies that could be used by separatist creditors who cannot finish executing their collateral, but have started exercising their rights in two months. This doctrinal research uses a conceptual approach, a statutory approach, and a case approach. The results of this research were that the legal remedies that could be taken by separatist creditors, which to take other legal remedies against curator. Keywords: Bankruptcy; Suspension of Payment; Insolvency; Collateral Fore closure; Separatist creditors.
AbstrakPutusan pailitnya debitor yang berdasarkan gagalnya PKPU akan langsung menempatkan kreditor separatis dalam jangka waktu 2 bulan untuk mengeksekusi benda jaminannya saat masa insolvensi tersebut. Jangka waktu yang singkat ini menyebabkan konflik dalam praktik antara kurator dan kreditor separatis terhadap wewenang kreditor separatis dalam mengeksekusi benda agunan tersebut. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai upaya hukum yang dapat digunakan kreditor separatis yang sudah mulai namun belum selesai mengeksekusi agunannya dalam jangka waktu 2 bulan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian doctrinal research dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan juga pendekatan kasus. Hasil dari penelitian ini, yakni upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan kreditor separatis yaitu melakukan perlawanan gugatan lain-lain terhadap kurator. Kata Kunci: Kepailitan; PKPU; Insolvensi; Eksekusi Benda jaminan; Kreditor Separatis.
Kedudukan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Dalam Penyalahgunaan Wewenang Pada Kegiatan Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa Pemerintah
Authors: Dzulfikar Muhamad Agev
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe system formation and implementation of the procurement of goods and services must be carried out by applying the general principles of good governance. However, in practice, there are still various real obstacles to implementing good governance in the form of widespread authority exercised by certain parties. In addition, it is possible to examine the authorized handling mechanism carried out by Government Officials, in particular which judicial goods and services procurement officials are entitled to adjudicate. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the competent authority for the procurement of goods and services based on administrative law as well as conflicts regarding the competence of the court in the authority to procure government goods and services. This paper is a normative legal research that puts emphasis on the legal approach. Based on administrative law, procurement of goods and the arrangement of legal relations between providers and users in the preparation process until the process of issuing a letter of determination of the provider of goods and services. Keywords: Procurement of Goods and Services; Abuse of Authority; State Administrative Court.
AbstrakDalam pembentukan sistem dan implementasi dari pengadaan barang dan jasa harus dilakukan dengan menerapkan asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik. Namun, pada prakteknya, masih terdapat berbagai hambatan ketika menerapkan asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik berupa maraknya penyalahgunaan wewenang yang dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak tertentu. Selain itu, terdapat ketidakpastian mengenai mekanisme penanganan penyalahgunaan wewenang yang dilakukan oleh pejabat pengadaan barang dan jasa berupa kompetensi peradilan mana yang berhak untuk memeriksa dan mengadili. Oleh karenanya tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas penyalahgunaan wewenang pengadaan barang dan jasa berdasarkan hukum administrasi serta konflik aturan mengenai kompetensi pengadilan dalam penyalahgunaan wewenang pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang menekankan pada pendekatan hukum. Berdasarkan hukum administrasi, pengadaan barang dan jasa mengatur hubungan hukum antara penyedia dan pengguna pada proses persiapan sampai pada proses penerbitan surat penetapan penyedia barang dan jasa. Kata Kunci: Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa; Penyalahgunaan Wewenang; Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara.
Determination of estrus in Aceh cows based on the van Eerdenburg method
Authors: Qathrinnada Ramadhana  , Ginta Riady, drh., M.Sc.  , Hafizuddin Hafizuddin  , Cut Nila Thasmi  , Erdiansyah Rahmi  , Amalia Sutriana
Published: December 2022

Accurate determination of estrus status in an animal based on an appropriate estrus detection method can guarantee the cows' pregnancy after mating. This study aims to determine the estrus status of Aceh cows using the van Eerdenburg estrus behavior scoring method. This study was conducted from 22 January to 12 February 2021, at the Technical Implementation Unit for Animals of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The sample used was eleven Aceh cows aged 4-6 years old. Parameters observed were the number of cows exhibiting signs of estrus using the estrus behavior scoring method. The accuracy of estrus detection was confirmed by palpation per rectum to detect the presence of uterine tone. By observing signs of estrus using the method studied, 90.9% (10/11) of the cows were determined to be in estrus. Confirmation by the presence of uterine tone showed a 100% accuracy rate. The most effective sign of estrus was the passivity of the cow when being ridden by another cow or bull. This study concluded that estrus status in local cows could be determined using the estrus behavior scoring of the van Eerdenburg method.
Green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf extract maintained spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity, viability, and motility of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to cigarette smoke
Authors: Maryana Siska Silviani  , Moh. Sukmanadi  , Rochmah Kurnijasanti  , Sri Pantja Madyawati  , Epy Muhammad Luqman
Published: December 2022

Cigarette smoke chemicals caused oxidative stress by increasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). ROS exposure could be neutralized by antioxidants, such as green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf extract. This study aimed to determine the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity, spermatozoa viability, and spermatozoa motility of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to cigarette smoke. Twenty-five mice were randomly divided into five groups. Group C- mice were given a placebo (1% Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Na-CMC). Group C+, T1, T2, and T3 mice were exposed to cigarette smoke and given 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg BW GTE respectively. Cigarette smoke exposure used a clove cigarette per day. GTE in 1% Na-CMC solution was administered at 0.5 mL orally using a gastric probe. The treatment was conducted daily for 36 days, and on day 37, all mice were euthanized for spermatozoa evaluation. The results showed that all parameters evaluated in the C+ group were lower (p <0.05) than in C- group. Administration of GTE in the T2 group increased (p <0.05) all parameters compared to mice in the C+ group. However, administration of GTE to mice in the T3 group caused a decrease (p <0.05) in all parameters than those of the T2 group and was not significantly different (p >0.05) compared to those of the C+ group. It could be concluded that the administration of GTE at 40 mg/kg BW has maintained the spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity, spermatozoa viability, and spermatozoa motility of mice exposed to cigarette smoke.
Comparison of different poultry egg yolks-citrate extender with green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract addition on Sapudi ram spermatozoa quality in chilled temperature storage
Authors: Shinta Putri Quraini  , Suherni Susilowati  , Tjuk Imam Restiadi  , Sri Chusniati
Published: December 2022

Preservation of ram semen has an impact on the exposure of artificial conditions to the spermatozoa which was followed by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resulted in functional damages of spermatozoa. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of chicken, quail, and duck egg yolks with green tea extract (GTE) on the quality of Sapudi ram spermatozoa at 5°C storage. Ejaculates of Sapudi ram with more than 70% spermatozoa motility were divided into four groups. Semen were extended 1 : 10 in citrated-chicken egg yolk extender (control group, T0), and citrated yolk of chicken (T1), quail (T2), and duck (T3) egg added with 0.05 mg GTE per 100 mL of extender. Extended semen was kept in a tube, which was put in a beaker containing distilled water and stored in a refrigerator (5°C). Spermatozoa motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) were evaluated daily for five days. The results showed that GTE in duck egg yolk citrate extender could maintain the highest spermatozoa motility, viability, and PMI for five days (p <0.05). It could be concluded that the duck egg yolk citrate extender with the addition of GTE (Camellia sinensis) was beneficial for maintaining the semen of Sapudi ram spermatozoa at chilled temperatures. Further study is needed to use the extender for freezing Sapudi ram semen.
An Effective Numerical Approach Based on Cubic Hermite B-spline Collocation Method for Solving the 1D Heat Conduction Equation
Authors: Kutluay Selçuk , Yağmurlu Nuri , Karakaş Ali Sercan
Published: December 2022

This article is going to deal with the numerical solutions about the most vital problem arising in nature; namely the heat
conduction equation given in one-dimension. For this aim, we are going to use cubic Hermite B-spline finite elements based on
collocation method. Then, the algorithm of the method has been produced and the stability analysis has also been examined via
Fourier stability method. Furthermore, a comparative study between the approximate and exact solutions has been used to demonstrate
the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme. The newly obtained results clearly show that the present scheme is a reliable and
accurate one and may even be used successfully to find approximate solutions of numerous nonlinear problems encountering widely in
many applied sciences.
The power of a healthy lifestyle for cancer prevention: the example of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Xuechen , Ding Jie , Li Hengjing , Carr Prudence R. , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: December 2022

Objective: We aimed to directly compare the estimated effects of adherence to a healthy lifestyle with those of risk predisposition according to known genetic variants affecting colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, to support effective risk communication for cancer prevention. Methods: A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was derived from 5 lifestyle factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, and body adiposity. The association of lifestyle and polygenic risk score (PRS) (based on 140 CRC-associated risk loci) with CRC risk was assessed with multiple logistic regression and compared through the genetic risk equivalent (GRE), a novel approach providing an estimate of the effects of adherence to a healthy lifestyle in terms of percentile differences in PRS. Results: A higher HLS was associated with lower CRC risk (4,844 cases, 3,964 controls). Those adhering to all 5 healthy lifestyle factors had a 62% (95% CI 54%–68%) lower CRC risk than those adhering to ≤ 2 healthy lifestyle factors. The estimated effect of adherence to all 5 compared with ≤ 2 healthy lifestyle factors was as strong as the effect of having a 79 percentile (GRE 79, 95% CI 61–97) lower PRS. The association between a healthy lifestyle and CRC risk was independent of PRS level but was particularly pronounced among those with a family history of CRC in ≥ 1 first-degree relative (P-interaction = 0.0013). Conclusions: A healthy lifestyle was strongly inversely associated with CRC risk. The large GRE indicated that CRC risk determined by polygenic risk may be offset to a substantial extent by adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
Imaging in translational cancer research
Authors: Kurz Felix T. , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter
Published: December 2022

This review is aimed at presenting some of the recent developments in translational cancer imaging research, with a focus on novel, recently established, or soon to be established cross-sectional imaging techniques for computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging, including computational investigations based on machine-learning techniques.
Galactic Symmetry
Authors: Oldani Richard
Published: December 2022

Differences between the quantum mechanical and relativistic concepts of time are explained by applying the strong equivalence principle to the electron in an atomic clock. The resulting clock model calls for the microscopic equations of motion of the electron to be formulated in Minkowski space, and for the photon to be described relativistically as a four-dimensional localization of energy. The resulting Lagrangian formulation of quantum mechanics is completely analogous to the more familiar nonrelativistic Hamiltonian model based on the Schrödinger equation. It accounts for the 720 degree rotation of a wave function as the absorption of one 360 degree electromagnetic wave cycle and the emission of another, yielding two wave cycles to correspond with one clock cycle. Because the properties of energy are universal the equations are able to be extended to include galaxies in spite of vast differences in lifetime. They show that symmetry exists between the electromagnetic fields of atoms and the gravitational fields of galaxies due to the presence in both of radial and transverse fields. The description of galaxy structure is fundamentally distinct because it is based on the conjugate variables energy and time.
Rapid Evaluation of the Xpert ® Xpress CoV-2 Plus and Xpert® Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV Plus Tests
Authors: Noble Lara Dominique , Scott Lesley Erica , Munir Riffat , Du Plessis Mignon , Steegen Kim , Hans Lucia , Marokane Puleng , Da Silva Pedro , Stevens Wendy Susan
Published: December 2022

The Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 and Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV tests were rapidly developed and widely used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. In response to emerging genetic variability, a new SARS-CoV-2 target (RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase) has been added to both tests: Xpert® Xpress CoV-2 plus and Xpert® Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus test. A rapid evaluation of both tests was performed in South Africa, using residual respiratory specimens. Residual respiratory specimens (n=125) were used to evaluate the Xpert® Xpress CoV-2 plus test and included 50 genotyped specimens. The Xpert® Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus test was assessed using 45 genotyped SARS-CoV-2 specimens, ten influenza A, ten Influenza B and twenty respiratory syncytial virus specimens. Results were com-pared to in-country standard of care tests. Genotyped specimens tested the performance of the test under pressure from circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Reference material was included to assess the test limits and linearity. The Xpert® Xpress CoV-2 plus test performance compared to reference results across residual respiratory specimens was good (positive per-centage agreement (PPA)=95.2%, negative percentage agreement (NPA)=95.0%) The Xpert® Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus test showed good performance across all residual respiratory specimens (PPA=100%, NPA=98.3%). All genotyped variants of concern were detected by both tests. The Xpert® Xpress CoV-2 plus and Xpert® Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus tests can be used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2, and to diagnose and differentiate SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus respectively. The NPA was lower than the recommended 99%, but was influenced by the low number of negative specimens tested. The variants of concern assessed did not affect test performance. It is recommended that sites perform their own assessments compared to in-country standard of care tests.
Bone Laser Patterning to Decipher Cells Organization
Authors: Touya Nicolas , Al-Bourgol Samy , Desigaux Theo , Kérourédan Olivia , Gemini Laura , Kling Rainer , Devillard Raphaël
Published: December 2022

Laser patterning of implant materials for bone tissue engineering purposes has shown to be a promising technique to control cell properties such as adhesion or differentiation, resulting in an enhanced osteointegration. However, the perspective of patterning the bone tissue side interface to generate microstructure effects has never been investigated. In the present study, three different laser-generated patterns were machined on the bone surface with the aim to identify the best surface morphology compatible with osteogenic-related cells recolonization. The laser patterned bone tissue was characterized by electron scanning microscopy and confocal microscopy in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the bone surface morphology. Cortical bone patterning impact upon cell compatibility and cytoskeleton rearrangement to the patterned surfaces was performed with Stromal Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAPs). Results indicated that laser machining had no detrimental effect upon consecutively seeded cells metabolism. Orientation assays revealed that surface patterning characterized by larger hatch distances was correlated with a higher cell cytoskeletal conformation to the laser-machined patterns. For the first time, to our knowledge, bone is considered and assessed here as a potentially engineered-improvable biological interface. Further studies shall focus on in vivo implications of this direct patterning.
Spark Plasma Sintering of Nanostructured TiCrC Carbides Prepared via Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Mhadhbi Mohsen , Dağ İlker Emin , Avar Barış , Khitouni Mohamed , Schoenstein Frédéric , Jouini Noureddine
Published: December 2022

In order to produce nanostructured Ti0.9Cr0.1C powders, an elemental powder mixture of titanium, chromium, and graphite is milled in this work using a high-energy ball mill for various milling times. Microstructural characteristics such as crystallite size, microstrain, lattice parameter, and dislocation density are determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical alloying successfully produced nanocrystalline (Ti,Cr)C with an average crystallite size of 11 nm. This size of the crystallites is also directly verified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of the samples. The novelty of this work is advancing the scientific understanding of the effect of milling time on the particle size distribution and crystalline structure, and also understanding the effect of the spark plasma sintering on the different properties of the bulks. Densified cermet samples were produced from the nanocrystalline powders, milled for 5, 10 and 20 hours by SPS process at 1800 degrees for 5 min under a pressure of 80 MPa. Phase changes of the produced cermets were examined according to XRD, SEM/EDX analyses. Significant amounts of Cr and Fe elements were detected, especially in the 20 h milled cermet. The bulk forms of the milled powders for 5 and 20 h had a relative density of 98.43 and 98.51 %, respectively. However, 5 h milled cermet had 93.3 HRA because of the more homogeneous distribution of the (Ti,Cr)C phase, the low iron content and high relative density. According to the 0.0011 mm/year corrosion rate, and 371.68 kΩ*cm2 charge transfer resistance obtained from the potentiodynamic polarization and EIS tests, the 20 h cermet was the specimen with the highest corrosion resistance.
The Use of Low-Density SNP Array for Identification of Interspecific Introgressions of Genetic Material from the Bread Wheat into Homologous Chromosomes of the Durum Wheat
Authors: Ermolaev Aleksey , Yanovskij Aleksey , Korobkova Varvara , Karlov Gennady , Divashuk Mikhail
Published: December 2022

The hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42) and the tetraploid durum wheat Triticum durum (2n = 4x = 28) are two commercially the most important wheat species worldwide. These two species are components of the same gene pool, which evolved under different conditions, which made it possible to acquire different adaptations to a wider range of environmental conditions. Identification and characterization of introgressed fragments of one species in the genome of another can help in the search for new loci responsible for economically valuable traits. SNP microarrays provide information on the genotypes of thousands of positions throughout the genome. This information can be used to obtain the distribution of alleles of one species in the genome of another and to determine the location of introgressed fragments. In our work, we used genotyping data from the SNP microarray to identify durum wheat chromosome fragments containing bread wheat alleles in the offspring from crossing bread and durum wheat. We have studied the distribution of the genetic material of bread wheat in 15 combinations from crosses of bread and durum wheat. Introgressed fragments of bread wheat into the durum wheat genome were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 4A, 5B, 6B, and 7A. The introgressed fragments showed polymorphism in different breeding lines. A functional enrichment analysis of genes in the introgression fragments was performed, which showed the presence of statistically significant enrichment of genes responsible for various molecular functions, biological processes and cellular components. The obtained data can be used to identify new QTL of economically valuable traits for obtaining durum wheat varieties with improved agronomic traits.
X-ray Exited Optical Luminescence of Eu in Diamond Crystals Synthesized at High-pressure High-temperature
Authors: Lebedev Vasily Timofeevich , Shakhov Fedor Mikhailovich , Vul Alexandr Yakovlevich , Zakharov Arcady Anatolievich , Zinoviev Vladimir Georgievich , Orlova Vera Alexeevna , Fomin Eduard Vladimirovich
Published: December 2022

Diamond powders with inclusions of europium atoms were synthesized at high pressure (7.7 GPa) and temperature (1800oC) from a mixture of pentaerythritol, C(CH2OH)4, and pyrolyzate of diphthalocyanine (C64H32N16Eu) served as a special precursor. In prepared diamonds by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, we have found the concentration of Eu atoms of 51±5 ppm that is by two orders of magnitude greater than that in known natural and synthetic diamonds. X-ray diffraction, SEM, X-ray exited optical luminescence, Raman and IR spectroscopy have confirmed the formation of diamond monocrystals of high quality with em-bedded Eu atoms and a nitrogen content of ~500 ppm. Numerical simulation has allowed us de-termine the energy cost of 5.8 eV needed for the incorporation of a single Eu atom with adjacent vacancy into growing diamond crystal (528 carbons).
Interrelation Midst Low T3 Levels, Type 3 Deiodinase, Oxidative Stress And Mortality In Sepsis and Septic Shock: Defining Patient Outcome
Authors: Vidart Josi , Axelrud Luiza , Braun Andre Cardozo , Marschner Rafael A. , Wajner Simone Magagnin
Published: December 2022

Background: Low T3 syndrome occurs frequently in patients with sepsis. Type 3 deiodinase (Dio3) is present in immune cells but there is no description of its presence in this patients. Here we aimed to determine the prognostic impact of thyroid hormones levels (TH) measured on ICU admission on mortality and on evolution to chronic critical illness (CCI) and the presence of D3 in white cells. Methods: Prospective cohort study with a follow-up for 28 days or deceased. Results: Low T3 levels at admission were present in 86.5% of the patients. Dio3 was 55% induced in immune cells. The cut-off value of 60 pg/mL for T3 displayed a sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 64% for predicting death, odds ratio of 4.89. Lower T3 yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 and 0.75 for mortality and evolution to CCI, respectively, thus displaying better performance than commonly used prognostic scores. Conclusions: We advance in the pathophysiology of low T3 showing induced D3 in immune cells during sepsis. Low T3 levels independently predicted a progression to CCI and mortality within 28 days in sepsis and septic shock.
The Natural Unit Expression of Classical Gravitation
Authors: Humpherys David
Published: December 2022

The gravitational constant is equivalent to natural units in its six unit dimensions. Evaluating the classical formulas in each of these dimensions shows that gravitational potentials are proportional to the Planck scale by the ratio of a body's radial density to a radial density limit in the ratio of Planck length to Planck mass.
Comparison of the 3-Fluid Dynamic Model with Experimental Data
Authors: Kizka Valeriy
Published: December 2022

The article considers a way to compare large bulks of experimental data with theoretical calculations, in which the quality of theoretical models is clearly demonstrated graphically. Published theoretical data of the three-fluid dynamic model (3FD) applied to the experimental data from heavy-ion collisions at the energy range \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.7 - 63 GeV are used as example of application of the developed methodology. When analyzing the results, the quantum nature of the fireball, created at heavy ion collisions, was taken into account.
An Experimental Investigation of the Thermal and Economic Performance of PCM-Embedded Hybrid Water Heater under Saharan Climate
Authors: Bekkouche Sidi Mohammed El Amine , Djeffal Rachid , Cherier Mohamed Kamal , Hamdani Maamar , Younsi Zohir , Al-Saadi Saleh , Zaiani Mohamed
Published: December 2022

The solar water heater must be integrated into future residential buildings as the main energy source, which will subsequently reduce the energy cost of water heating. An original configuration for efficient Domestic Hot Water "DHW" storage tank is developed and experimentally evaluated under Saharan climate. This novel DHW configuration includes a hybrid (solar and electric) energy system with a flat plate solar collector coupled with an electric heater. Additionally, phase change material "PCM" mixture that is composed of paraffin wax and animal fat with a melting temperature between 35.58°C and 62.58°C and latent heat between 180 and 210 kJ/kg is integrated into this novel tank configuration. The experimental results indicated that hot water production by using latent heat storage could be economically attractive. In this proposed configuration, one liter of hot water may cost around 0.1362 DZD/liter (i.e., 0.00096 US$/liter) compared to 0.4431 DZD/liter for the conventional water heater, an average energy cost savings of 69.26%. On a yearly basis, the average energy cost savings may reach up to 80.25% if optimal tilt for the solar collector is adopted on a monthly basis. The flat plate collector may be vulnerable to convective heat transfer, and therefore, other solar collectors such as vacuum tube collectors may provide enhanced energy performance.
Evaluation of Natural Gas Hydrate Fault System: A Case from a Sag in Deep-Water Slope Area of the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Mao Shuang , Hu Guangming , Hu Liguo , Liu Pengqi , Chen Xu , Qin Min
Published: December 2022

The fault system is one of the structural carrier systems of gas hydrate accumulation, which plays a vital role in controlling the distribution of natural gas hydrate (NGH) accumulation. The previous studies mainly focus on summarizing the vertical migration mode of high flux fluid along the fault with obvious geophysical response characteristics on the seismic profile, such as “fault with gas chimney,” “fault with mud diapir,” and “fault with submarine collapse”, but lack of evaluation methods for the fault carrier system. We use the X sag in the deep-water continental margin slope area of the northern South China Sea as an example to study the fault systems closely related to NGH. This paper puts to use attribute technologies, such as coherence, curvature, and fusion, to analyze the characteristics and combination of the fault systems. We discussed migration patterns and evaluation methods of dominant fault carrier systems. This research proves that the strike-slip fault system in the platform area can directly connect the gas source bed with high-quality hydrocarbon generation to the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). The activity of this fault system is more conducive to the accumulation of hydrocarbon in the GHSZ. This area has a good site for pore-filling gas hydrate prospecting and a preferential favorable fault carrier system. The composite fault system, consisting of a normal dip-slip fault system and a polygonal fault system, in the slope area can jointly communicate the biogenic gas-rich reservoir. Its activity and well-migration performance are the main reasons for the submarine gas leakage and collapse. It is a secondary favorable fault carrier system in the study area. There may be massive and vein natural gas hydrate formation in fractures in the leakage passage, and pore-filled gas hydrate may exist in the submarine nonleakage area. In this work, a three-factor evaluation method of the fault carrier system is proposed for the first time. This method is of great significance for the evaluation and exploration of NGH reservoirs in the continental margin slope area of the northern South China Sea.
Choosing a Regularization Parameter in the Problem of Analytical Continuation of Gravitational Fields (Separation of Anomalies Generated by Shallow and Deep Sources)
Authors: Martyshko P.S. , Ladovskii I.V. , Gemaidinov D.V.
Published: December 2022

—We present a filtration tomography technique for isolating components of the gravity field anomalies generated by inhomogeneities of the horizontally layered density model. The filtration algorithm of field separation relies on the solution of the forward and inverse problems of analytical continuation of harmonic functions through the horizontal boundary plane. We applied the regularizing algorithms to analytical continuation of the gravity field “down” to its generating sources. The fields successively recalculated upward and downward relative to preset depths allowed us to partition the initial (total) field as the sum of the fields generated in the layers based on the properly selected adaptive regularization parameter α. For the sake of stability of the inverse problem solution in the analytical continuation of the observed gravity field to a certain depth, we used the Lavrentiev regularization scheme involving the L-curve method (for selecting the adaptive regularization parameter). The smoothing regularization parameter values obtained from the preset successive depth intervals and grid step for the observed field are shown to be optimal for dividing the observed field into components corresponding to different depths. The developed algorithms for massively parallel computing systems and their application to a group of different heights were numerically implemented on the Uran supercomputer.
Topological indices of general relativity and Yang–Mills theory in four-dimensional space-time
Authors: Kurihara Yoshimasa
Published: December 2022

This report investigates general relativity and the Yang–Mills theory in four-dimensional spacetime using a common mathematical framework, the Chern–Weil theory for principal bundles. The whole theory is described owing to the fibre bundle with the GL(4) symmetry by twisting several principal bundles with the gauge symmetry. In addition to the principal connection, we introduce the Hodge-dual connection into the Lagrangian to make gauge fields have dynamics independent from the Bianchi identity. We show that the duplex superstructure appears in the bundle when a Z2-grading operator exists in the total space of the bundle in general. The Dirac operator appears in the secondary superspace using the one-dimensional Clifford algebra, and it provides topological indices from the Atiyah–Singer index theorem. Though the topological index is usually discussed in the elliptic-type manifold, this report treats it in the hyperbolic type space-time manifold using a novel method, namely the θ-metric space. The θ-metric treats the Euclidean and Minkowski spaces simultaneously and defines the topological index in the Minkowski space-time.
ANA-Specific Antibodies, ANA Patterns, Anti-ds DNA results, and Clinical Diagnosis: A Laboratory and Clinical Audit.
Authors: Anis Sabiha , Fatima Areej , Jabbar Sidra Abdul , Arain Tayyab
Published: December 2022

Background: The diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAID) is challenging, due to overlapping features with other non-immune disorders. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) /anti-cellular antibodies are the sensitive screening tests but anti-double-stranded-deoxyribonucleic acid-antibody (anti-ds-DNA), and ANA-specific antibodies are specific for SAID. We aimed to look at ANA-specific antibodies in our patients and correlated them with ANA patterns, anti-ds-DNA, and clinical diagnosis for proper interpretation and better patient management cost-effectively.
Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 641 patients was done (1st February 2019 to 31st –July-2021) who were tested for ANA-specific antibodies at the Immunology Department of Indus Hospital and Health Network. ANA and anti-ds-DNA results and clinical diagnosis were also analyzed for ANA-specific antibodies-positive patients. Descriptive data were presented in mean ±standard deviation and frequency percentages whereas inferential data were analyzed with a chi-square test for association between ANA-specific antibodies status, ANA, anti-ds-DNA, and clinical features.
Results: ANA-specific antibodies test revealed positivity for at least one autoantibody in 245 (38.2%) patients. Of these, ANA was tested in 206 patients reactive for ANA-specific antibodies and found positive in 195 (95%) as compared to negative (<0.001). Speckled and homogenous were predominant ANA patterns in ANA-specific antibodies-positives (56% and 42% respectively). Multiple ANA patterns were found in 18 patients most commonly with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disorder (MCTD). Anti-SSA were the most common ANA-specific antibodies (50%) and was mostly found in sera with speckled (61/97) and homogenous (38/97) patterns and associated mostly with SLE (48%) and Sjogren’s syndrome (86%). Among ANA-negative patients, anti-SSA were the most common antibodies (n=5). Anti-ds-DNA was found in 66% of SLE patients along with another ANA-specific antibody.
Conclusions: This study showed that testing for ANA-specific antibodies cannot be gated on ANA patterns. Also, there is a redundancy of these antibodies with various clinical diagnoses. Moreover, they are useful in making a diagnosis in ANA-negative patients as well with clinical suspicion.
Island refuges for surviving nuclear winter and other abrupt sun-reducing catastrophes
Authors: Boyd Matt , Wilson Nick
Published: December 2022

Some island nations in the Southern Hemisphere might survive a severe sun-reducing catastrophe such as nuclear winter and be well-placed to help reboot collapsed human civilization. Such islands must be resilient to the cascading effects abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) would impose beyond the impacts on agricultural systems. We aimed to identify island nations whose societies are most likely to survive nuclear winter or other ASRS. We also aimed to conduct a case study of one island nation to consider how it might enhance its resilience and therefore its chance of aiding a global reboot of complex technological society. We performed a threshold analysis on food self-sufficiency under severe nuclear winter conditions to identify islands. We then profiled each island across global macro-indices representing resilience factors reported in the literature. We undertook a case study of the island nation of New Zealand. The island nations of Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu appear most resilient to ASRS. However, our case-study island nation of New Zealand is threatened in scenarios of no/low trade, has precarious aspects of its energy supply, and shortcomings in manufacturing of essential components. Therefore, inadequate preparations and critical failures in these systems could see rapid societal breakdown. Despite some islands’ favourable baseline conditions and apparent food security even in a severe ASRS, cascading impacts through other socio-ecological systems threaten complex functioning. We identified specific resilience measures, many with co-benefits, that may protect island nodes of sustained complexity in ASRS.
Hemodynamic effects of esketamine versus sufentanil applied prior to placement of suspension laryngoscope: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yi-ying , Zhu Sha , Yang Xin , Zhang Jianxi , Liang Xiaoshen , Zhang Shuai , Guo Qulian , Huang Chang-sheng
Published: December 2022

BackgroundːIn laryngeal microsurgery, the insertion of the suspension laryngoscope is a strong stimulus that may cause hemodynamic fluctuations and adverse cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of preemptive treatment with esketamine and sufentanil on maintaining hemodynamics and reducing the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events during the insertion of suspension laryngoscope.MethodsːIn this double-blind randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing general anesthesia for laryngeal microsurgery were randomly assigned (1:1) to esketamine 0.5 mg kg-1(esketamine group) and sufentanyl 0.125 µg kg-1(sufentanil group) before inserting the laryngoscope, respectively.ResultsːDuring the insertion of suspension laryngoscope, the incidence of bradycardia (HR < 60 beats/min) was 39.3% (22/56) in esketamine group, lower than 60.0% (33/55) in sufentanil group (P = 0.029). The incidence of hypotension (MAP < 65 mmHg) was 33.9% (19/56) in esketamine group, lower than 56.4% (31/55) in sufentanil group (P = 0.018). The frequency of hypotension in esketamine group was lower than that in sufentanil group (0.36 ± 0.52 vs 0.56 ± 0.50, P = 0.035). The time-weighted average of HR dropping above 30% of baseline was smaller in esketamine group than in sufentanil group (0.52 ± 2.06 vs 1.08 ± 2.77, P = 0.006).ConclusionsːThese findings showed that compared with preemptive treatment of sufentanil (0.125 µg kg-1), esketamine (0.5 mg kg-1) was effective in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events including bradycardia and hypotension induced by insertion of suspension laryngoscope during the laryngeal microsurgery.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000041187. Registered on 21/12/2020.
Economic Freedom and Debt: An Empirical Investigation on the Institutional Determinants of Public Debt
Authors: Magnini Gino , Vojnovic Jovan
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the role of the institutional framework in the accumulation of central government debt. We employ the Economic Freedom Index (EFI) as a proxy for institutional framework and study the causal link between institutions that promote economic freedom and the creation of public debt. The results presented in this paper are evidence of causality between institutions and debt-to-GDP ratios. This paper suggests that institutional and structural frameworks of economies bear great importance in public debt accumulation. The countries that score better on the quality of economic institutions are more likely to accrue lower levels of public debt. In particular, a 10-point enhancement in the EFI score can lead to reductions between 1.7 and 7.3 percentage points in debt-to-GDP ratios. We also observed that scores for open markets and government size affect public debt negatively across developed as well as developing countries. Additionally, the evidence suggests that countries deemed less likely to expropriate private property exhibit higher percentage of government debt relative to GDP. We stipulate this is the result of higher perceived trustworthiness which in turn leads to an increased pool of available credit.
Rideshare-Based Transportation Services for Pre- and Post-Operative Surgical patients in an Urban Setting: A Descriptive Analysis of a Quality Initiative Program
Authors: Miclau Theodore , Bennett Daniel J. , Lang Laura , Parekh Megha , Law Tyler J
Published: December 2022

Background: Transportation access is a social determinant of health that impedes chronic care engagement for vulnerable populations. Few studies have examined transportation interventions on healthcare outcomes in isolation, and data is further limited for rideshare initiatives.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive analysis of a Lyft rideshare program for pre- and post-operative patients as part of a quality improvement (QI) initiative at a California county hospital. We assessed the population that benefited from this rideshare program and compared outcomes between program participants and non-participants. Variables obtained included demographic data, effects of health care utilization (e.g., delays and case cancellations in the operating room (OR)), and costs to the hospital (e.g., Lyft rides and delayed OR time).
Results: Inclusion criteria resulted in 4,150 total patients, 376 in the rideshare group and 3,774 in the non-rideshare group. Rideshare group patients were more likely to be male and black/African American, and less likely to be Hispanic/Latino and require interpreter use. Participating and non-participating patients in the rideshare program did not differ significantly in the proportion of OR cases starting on time (22.8% and 20.6%, respectively) or average time delayed in OR case start times (16.97 and 17.03 minutes, respectively). Costs associated with rideshare services ($17.06/ride) were outweighed by costs from OR delays ($36-37/minute) and rideshare patients did not cost significantly more to the hospital ($636.54) than non-rideshare patients ($621.56).
Conclusions: Our study supports that rideshare programs can address transportation barriers for vulnerable communities without significantly greater financial costs to the healthcare system. Future work is required to examine potential health benefits from transportation interventions, particularly those based in rideshare initiatives.
Regulation and decarbonization：How can environmental regulations more effectively facilitate industrial low-carbon transition
Authors: Zhang Yongwang , Zhao Minjuan
Published: December 2022

Environmental policies play an important role in the process of industrial low-carbon transition in developing countries, from the perspective of the impact condition and mechanisms, we discuss how to improve its effectiveness, so as to give full play to the positive impact of environmental regulations. Based on the provincial industrial data from 2003 to 2019 in China, this study uses threshold regression model, endogenous regression and intermediary regression model to reveal the impact condition and mechanisms of environmental regulations on industrial low-carbon transition. The results suggest that (1) technological innovation capability and cost bearing capacity are the key condition for environmental regulations to exert a positive impact on low-carbon transition. (2) Environmental regulations have a positive impact on low-carbon transition through technological innovation (technology), resource reallocation (capital) and skill premium (labor). The research on the implementation condition and mechanisms of environmental regulations will help policymakers to formulate appropriate and reasonable environmental regulations and eliminate the obstacles between environmental regulations and low-carbon transition, and the assessment of China's environmental policies will provide reference for environmental governance in other developing countries.
Rheumatoid Arthritis in Syria: Knowledge and Awareness among the General Population
Authors: Assaad Naima , Khayali Naram , Kudsi Maysoun
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that mainly attacks the joints symmetrically, in addition to other systems. Recurrent attacks result in chronic pain, joint deformity, and decreased quality of life. The aim of this study aim was to identify beliefs and assess knowledge about this disease in the general population. Methods: 1439 Syrian participants completed an online Google Forms questionnaire comprised of 13 true-false questions designed to evaluate knowledge regarding rheumatoid arthritis, as well as questions about demographic, social, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. Results: Roughly 60% of the participants knew about RA to some extent, while nearly a quarter had no prior knowledge about the disease. One third of the respondents were very knowledgeable about RA, a quarter were moderately knowledgeable, 14% had a low level of knowledge,, and 28% had a very low level of knowledge. Conclusion: Knowledge about rheumatoid arthritis in Syria was found to be flawed and lacking. Our study suggests that the general population requires further education about the disease. Health-professionals should take care to better educate their patients, and community education campaigns to increase awareness should address the knowledge deficit among the population at large.