bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Influence of the Beam-Column Line Stiffness Ratio on the Frame Structure Load Capacity Based on MATLAB
Authors: Zhang Shao Qin , Cheng Hua Hu
Published: August 2011

Statically indeterminate frame, composed of beams and columns, is a widely used structure form in civil engineering. The frame carrying capacity under various actions is related to the absolute stiffness of frame components and relative beam-column line stiffness ratio. The matrix displacement method and programming based on MATLAB were employed in this study to calculate the internal forces and displacements of a 2-bay 2-story frame structure under the action of horizontal loads. The influence of the beam-column line stiffness ratio on the frame load capacity was discussed based on the calculated result. Furthermore some advises were provided about the reasonable beam-column line stiffness ratio for engineering design.
The Techniques of Vertical Virescence
Authors: Li Hai Ying
Published: August 2011

Green Walls have many benefits，such as decorating elevation, protecting building envelope, reducing energy consumption and so on . This article describes the techniques and new items of vertical greening. And it points out that building technique integrating gardening provides extensive application foreground. Architects should have the theories of green building and using greening at the beginning of design.
The Study on Simplification of QR Method for Structure Analysis
Authors: Pan Wen Jun , Ye Xian Guo
Published: August 2011

Study was carried out on the disadvantages of QR method while calculating structures and programming currently. According to its basic idea, the necessary condition for more simplification was pointed out. In the process of simplification, the shape function matrix and node displacement were calculated and saved only for parts of elements, the element stiffness matrix and load array were divided into sub-blocks, thereafter, these sub-blocks were multiplied by coefficients of certain items, finally assembled into the spline-discretization stiffness matrix and load array according to the series and spline knots number that were corresponding to nodes. One model was calculated by QR program with the method simplified or not and other methods. Results prove that this simplified approach is correct, feasible and suitable for structure calculation. It has a good theoretical and practical value.
Damage Diagnosis of Radial Gate Based on Modal Strain Energy
Authors: Zhang Jian Wei , Zhang Yi Na , Cheng Sheng Zhao
Published: August 2011

Non-destructive testing and safety monitoring of structure has been a hot and difficult engineering research problems, and an effective extraction of damage characteristic factor is a critical and theoretical research on structural damage detection and monitoring technology. The basic theory of modal strain energy and the steps to damage diagnosis are discussed in the paper.A a radial gate with different damaged locations and damaged degree is studied,and the results show that modal strain energy can be used as structural damage location sensitive factor,and that the indicator can be a very good identification of the location and extent of structural damage,and that the results of damage diagnosis are clear and reliable.
The Design of Image Acquisition and Preprocess System Based on FPGA
Authors: Jia Jie , Lai Jian Yong , Zhang Gen Hua , Ling Huan
Published: August 2011

To deal with the large amount of data and complex computing problems during high-speed image acquisition, the image acquisition and preprocess system based on FPGA is designed in the paper. In order to obtain continuous and integrity of image data streams, the design has completed the acquisition of CCD camera video signal and implementation of de-interlacing ping-pong cache. The fast median filtering algorithm is used for image preprocessing, and finally the preprocessed image data is displayed on CRT. Experiments indicate that the design meets requirements of image sample quality and balances the real-time demand.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of 3D Initial Geostress Field for Slope of the Hydropower Station
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Rui Hong , Deng Hua Feng
Published: August 2011

According to the specific geological and topographical conditions at slope of the Hydropower Station, considering the shape and size of simulation geometric model, the position relationship between the simulated area and buildings of terminal area and boundary conditions, the dynamic model which is fit to the geological structure are selected. Using the measured stress distribution as constrained conditions, 3D initial geostress field of research area are simulated using FLAC3D program. The result of simulation analysis shows that 3D initial geostress field of research area are accurately simulated based on good combination between the measured stress data and numeriacal simulation. So as to provide a reasonable basis for further condition simulation, such as excavation and unloading conditions. It has important significance for similar geological environment projects that the method is successfully applied to simulate initial geostress of this area.
Ecological Security Space Management in Urban Expansion Region Based on GIS - A Case Study in Nanchong City
Authors: Li Sui , Shi Tie Mao , Li Kai , Zhou Le
Published: August 2011

Using GIS technology from ecological security angle it make a quantitative analysis for expansion land ecological factor of study area urban and determine the ecological security rank distribution of urban space. It divides the urban expansion area into four types: core reserve area, buffer reserve area, limiting construct area and appropriate construct area. Respectively formulate different types of development mode and regional ecological restoration strategy.The study results showed that, ecological elements were the most important constraints for future expansion of urban space, Appropriate for the main urban expansion in the region to concentrate in the eastern and the northern part of Nanchong City, delimit a suitable construction area in the expanding area can satisfy the downtown of urban master planning development demand.This method is guaranteed to natural environment based on ecological security,Urban spatial extension to carry on the reasonable planning of the effective measures.
Sustainable Campus Design in Malaysia: An Evaluation of Student’s Perception on Four Research University Campuses
Authors: Abd Razak M.Z , Utaberta Nangkula , Abdullah Nag , Tahir M , Che Ani Ai
Published: August 2011

The issue of sustainability has been around for a long time. However, it has become a hot issue after the Earth Summit taking place in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro and in 2002 in Johannesburg. Conference in 1992 led to the formulation of Agenda 21, an action plan containing broad principles to help governments and other institutions in carrying out the policies and programs for sustainable development in their respective countries. The aim of this research was to examine the effectiveness of campus physical development planning in Malaysia in creating a sustainable living on campus by assessed the problems that exist. The study was conducted in four public university campuses and limited to only the campus physical planning. Selected campuses are the research universities campus. The case studies were conducted on each campus. The methodology used in this study is qualitative and quantitative techniques. Quantitative technique involves collecting data using questionnaires distributed among 100 respondents for each campus. Meanwhile, the qualitative technique involves collecting comments and opinions from the respondents obtained from questionnaires, behavioral observation and visual research. The results were then compared for each campus for an explanation of the problem. The findings revealed that all campuses had a similar problem. However, there are some differences about the extent or severity of the problems based on campus physical development plan that is different. The result showed that there are minimal problems occurs on the campus that planned more compact compare to a wide and dispersed campus. It also indicates that a compact campus tend to create a sustainable life on campus.
An Empirical Study on Interlanguage of Computer Science and Engineering Major Students in English Writing
Authors: Li Jing
Published: August 2011

Interlanguage is an important issue in the field of second language acquisition for the past forty years. This study classifies the errors into three levels-lexicon, syntax and discourse, and then analyses the error examples to reflect the cause of interlanguage. The result may make some suggestions to the English teachers in English teaching.
Experimental Study on Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Concrete with Proto-Machine-Made Sand
Authors: Zhang Xiao Yan , Ding Xin Xin , Zhao Shun Bo , Ge Zhan Fang
Published: August 2011

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of source rock state and stone powder on freeze-thaw resistance of concrete with proto-machine-made sand, the strength grade of concrete was C50, the source rock states were gravel and crushed stone, the contents of stone powder in sand were 5%, 9% and 13% respectively. The values of relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass of concrete at different freeze-thaw cycle times were measured, the reduction of relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss were calculated to evaluate the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete. The results show that freeze-thaw resistances are controlled by the reduction of relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete, which are good of concrete with proto-machine-made sand of gravel and crushed stone, and increases with the increasing content of stone powder in sand made of gravel. The reasons leading to difference of freeze-thaw resistance of concrete with sand made of gravel and crushed stone are discussed.
Analysis on the Cost Management of Construction Enterprises
Authors: Feng Hui Hong , Chen Yu
Published: August 2011

The cost management for construction enterprises is an important link of whole process engineering cost control in project construction. This article elaborates the details and procedures of the construction enterprises’ cost management in the construction stage. In the paper, it will be divided into three steps which are the stage of preparing, implementation and completion of project, and construction enterprises will separately use the methods of pre-control, control in process and afterwards control in each step for the cost management.
How to Keep the Image of the Traditional Block - Analysis of the Strategy of Renewal in China by Comparing with the Similar Case in Australia
Authors: Zhao Bin , Wei Yan Yan , Wei Rui Han
Published: August 2011

By comparing the two different commercial pedestrian streets (the Queen Street Mall, Brisbane, Australia and the FuRong Street, JiNan, China) in three concepts: Tradition, Energy, Operation. Thinking over the protection and inheritance of traditional urban scene and characteristic of regional space during the reconstruction of traditional block.
The Design of Radar Speed-Measuring and Monitoring System Based on DSP
Authors: Jia Jie , Ling Huan , Huang He , Lai Jian Yong , Zhang Gen Hua
Published: August 2011

To reduce the accident, a radar speed measuring and monitoring system based on DSP chip-TMS320F2812 is designed in this paper. Continuous wave radar is used to receive echoes which are reflected from moving vehicles and frequency spectrum is analyzed with FFT. And then, velocity is calculated with the Doppler effect formula. Finally, the velocity is uploaded to the monitoring center by RS-232 UART. An experimental platform is produced and do the experiment by this method, simulation and experimental data show that it is an effective way to improve the speed-measuring accuracy and reduce accident rates.
Summer Thermal Environment Measurement and Analysis of Subtropical Campus
Authors: Zhang Lei , Meng Qing Lin
Published: August 2011

In subtropical areas of China, air temperature and relative humidity were relatively high in summer, as well as the solar radiation. In the university campus, students are relatively concentrated and have more outdoor activities. Hot and humid weather conditions may cause students uncomfortable and even heat stroke. Therefore, the influences of landscape design on thermal environment should be taken into account in the process of campus planning. In this paper, the field measurement of outdoor air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, heat radiation and integrated hot environmental indicator namely wet bulb global temperature were carried out around the Dong Lake in South China University of Technology in typical summer days. The impacts of design methods of water, tree, grass and floor on thermal environment were analyzed.
Experimental Method Study of Climatic Evaporation of Porous Material in Wind Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Yu , Meng Qing Lin
Published: August 2011

A hot-humid climatic wind tunnel using wind tunnel technology was developed to simulate the true outdoor dynamic climatic parameters, including solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, which realized a small-step periodic changing climatic environment of a particular area. To obtain atmospheric evaporation force of porous material, water evaporation experiment representing the impact of climatic elements with atmospheric evaporation force was carried out, then a Penman formula based water evaporation experimental model was built. Considered to different texture of materials, different beginning times and different climatic parameters, porous material evaporation experiments were carried out and an experimental model was established.
The Research of Green High Performance Recycled Construct Materials
Authors: Zha Xiao Xiong , Zhang Kai
Published: August 2011

Recycled concrete aggregates have large porosity, large water absorption and high crush index. Mechanical properties of recycled concrete aggregates could be improved by adding activated water instead of ordinary water. On the basis of the experimental studies, this paper analyzes the influences on recycled concrete compression strength when using activated water. There are many different factors such as the kinds and amounts of alkali and the water slag ratio affecting the compressive strength of recycle geopolymer. The results show that activated water has a high enhancement on compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete, and the highest compressive strength of recycled geopolymer is 57.3MPa.
Analyses of the Insulating Capacity of Green Roofs Made of Phenolic Resin Board with Vegetation Coverage
Authors: Zhao Yu Kuang , Wei Lei , Lien Chi Chau , Sung Wen Pei
Published: August 2011

The global warming effect causes climate change. Especially, it directly affects the weather pattern of Taiwan. The temperature continually rising leads to higher energy consumption for building air-conditioning. The phenolic resin board is a very good heat insulation and eco-friendly construction material. Otherwise, a green roof covered with living plants for the purpose to reduce heat effect in building are widely used in the world. Therefore, in this research, the phenolic resin board is used as an experimental roof insulation material in a green roof that is covered with living plants for the objective of reducing summer building air conditioning energy consumption and cost. During summer, the difference between inside and outside temperatures across the phenolic resin board exposed to direct sun shine is as high as 8°C±2°C. The combined insulation technology using phenolic resin board and planted green vegetation coverage on the roof will also contribute to a green and aesthetic environment.
Economic Appraisal of Energy-Conservation Construction during the Build-and-Run Cycle
Authors: Zhao Yi Fang
Published: August 2011

Based on the build-and-run cycle of the energy-conservation building, this paper studied from the perspective of building energy-saving. It analyzed the amount of increased investment through the analysis of build-and-run cycle cost and economic benefits of the energy-conservation building throughout the life cycle.Finally it establishes an economic evaluation model for the energy-saving building.
The Analysis on Mechanism of Earth-Rock Dam Seepage and Discussion on Strengthening Measures
Authors: Chuai Min Zhao , Zhao Bai Dong
Published: August 2011

This paper analyzes the mechanism of earth-rock dam Seepage, discusses the Strengthening technology, and it proposes several proposals on Strengthening technology.
The Questionnaire Analysis of Chinese Railway Survey and Design Quality Management
Authors: Xie Hong Tao , Chen Fan
Published: August 2011

In order to deeply understand the present situation and the main influence factors of Chinese railway survey and design market, the questionnaire investigation was conducted. The descriptive statistics analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis and factor analysis have been adopted in data analysis. The results show that the quality level of Chinese railway survey and design can not meet the need of railway construction. The main problems includes: dragging delivery of design documents, poor service quality of site design, inaccuracy of geological data, and inaccuracy of construction quantity. The main cause is the absence of effective incentive and constraint mechanism.
Talking about the Project Cost Management
Authors: Cui Bao Xia , Zhang Aai Lin
Published: August 2011

This paper mainly analyze the cost management from basic concept, cost control method in construction and principal in cost management. The control focal point of the cost management is emphasized in every stage.
Reason Analysis and Treatment Measures of Cracks in a Masonry Structure
Authors: Tang Hong Yuan
Published: August 2011

This paper analyses some kinds of fissures in walls of a multi-story masonry buildings with additional floor transformation, and puts up several methods for dealing with the fissures. Through the spot inspection and computation analysis, the reason of crack producing is put forward. Because the ring beams only built in the first and the top floor, and precast floor slabs used in the building, the overall structure rigidity is poor. The internal longitudinal wall is strengthened by steel tension bar, simultaneously; an addition shallow submersion foundation is added on the original foundation. After the reinforcement processing, the structure is complete until now.
Theory Analysis of Full-Scale Segment Model of Huaian Cable-Stayed Bridge Pylon
Authors: Tang Hong Yuan , Fan Zhe Lin
Published: August 2011

The difference of the mechanical performance between the whole bridge pylon and the segment model are analyzed in theoretical method to provide theoretical support for the full-scale segmental model test study. Firstly, choose the most representative full-scale segment in anchorage zone of bridge pylon. Secondly, select the whole model composed of several segments. Finally, analysis the stress distributions in two models under the working load and the cracking load. In the coordinate segment position, stress distribution under design cable force in whole model and full scale segment model is almost the same. It indicates that the working performance of the anchorage zone in the bridge pylon can be studied through the full-scale segment model test.
Research on Framework of Urban-Rural Spatial Structure and Morphology Based on Cultural Theory
Authors: Wen Yi Feng
Published: August 2011

According to strategic aim of great development in national culture and aspiration of constructing cultural city in planning scholar-circles, this theory discusses the issue of urban sustainable development in the condition of restriction in natural resources. This framework integrated the both of qualitative and quantitative research in order to realizing the aim of constructing the cultural paradigm theory in urban-rural spatial planning research. This paper presents the complicated system theory in urban-rural spatial structure and morphology based on cultural connotation, interprets culture in terms of anthropological connotation and fundamental philosophical categories, sets up logical structure of culture, presents hierarchy of needs theory based on cultural structure, builds the relevant models of cultural structure-dynamics and urban-rural spatial structure and morphology. This paper presents theory in urban developmental history based on cultural interpretation, establishes prospective theory in green building and eco-homeland based on cultural concepts.
The Fundamental Conception and Theory of Natural Philosophy: A Mega-Theory of Green Building and Eco-Homeland
Authors: Wen Yi Feng
Published: August 2011

The subject of this paper is fundamental conception and theory of nature. This paper tries to throw new light on the themes of natural experience in itself, its logical structure and law, its principle and prerequisite, as well as the contradiction of natural experience in itself. In general the conception of nature in science which is regarded irrelevant to subjective meaning has not origin of logic and can not stand firm. In the terms of unity of subject and object, this paper tries to interpret the meaning of fundamental natural conceptions logically, set up the corner stone of scientific buildings. The theory of natural philosophy is a mega-theory of green building and eco-homeland.
Different Sludge Load and Operation Conditions an/OSBRphosphorus Removal Process
Authors: Tian Xiao Yan , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2011

Based on OSBR discusses different An/water way, different operation condition and different sludge load conditions An/OSBR biological phosphorus removal system effect. Will fill the total phosphorus concentration constant for 10 + 0.5 mg/L, to compare the anaerobic section and outlet TP at the end of concentration. Results show that:①fill aeration compared HeJinShui not aeration, fill not aeration, aerobic rate high, NO-X-Ndecrease, biological dephosphorization effect; ② in different condition operational modes anaerobic and aeration time for 1/4 than than 2/3 cases, biological dephosphorization effect; ③ two temperatures with the COD load of sludge was rised from the enfflect to reduce the concentration of TP, when the sludge COD load≥ 0.46mgCOD/mgMLSS • d, the enfflect TP concentration was lower than 1mg / L; ④ in reaction temperature of 25 °C and 15 °C , the amount of anaerobic releasing paragraph and COD load of sludge are very good correlation, linear relationship between the two were: y = 0.72 +71.91 x ( 25 °C), y = 2.81 +73.33 x (15 °C);
Improved Method of Generating UWB Pulse
Authors: Xu Hui Bin , Zhou Li Jie
Published: August 2011

The choice of pulse is crucial for ultrawide-bandwidth (UWB) communication system, bescause it will affect the power spectral density of emission signal. In most cases, the spectrum of single pulse waveform do not meet the federal communication committee (FCC) emission mask.The text proposes that the optimal waveform can be got through a linear combination of different derivatives of the Gaussian pulse so that it can approach the standard of emission mask in the whole band.
Study on the System of Safe and Civilized Construction
Authors: Ding Li Ping , Zhao Ting Sheng , Liu Xian Zhi
Published: August 2011

With the rapid development of construction industry,accident occurs frequently,and significant social effect caused by construction safety accidents has been increased in China.Then the establishment and promotion of safe and civilized construction system has become one of the important tasks of the party and the government in which the items of safety measurement and the temporary facility settings were regulated.As one of the comprehensive measurements,safe and civilized construction has been functioned and the rate of construction safety accidents has decreased steadily.Therefore,based on the implementation of safe and civilized construction at presant,combining with Regulation of Safety Protection of Construction Projects and Measure Fee of Civilized Construction and the national implementation of every province,the paper analyzed problem of the system of safe and civilized construction, proposed three monitoring measures which included the fee of safe and civilized construction,the technical standardizaition and management system of safe and civilized construction.
Research on the Layout about Colorscape of University Campus
Authors: Zhu Zhong Cui
Published: August 2011

Colorscape is important factor, which enhances the overall image of the university and takes part in constructing a harmonious campus; furthermore, it can not be ignored in the large environment of urban color. On the base of analyzing the existing problems of campus’ environment nowadays, the paper proposes the importance of colorscape, the concept and features of “university campus’ colorscape”, and point out the critical principles about colorscape layout, then, discusses colorscape layout about the macro-environment, mid-environment, and micro-environment of campus.
Effect of Wind Speed to Water Mist in Coal Mine Laneway
Authors: Liu Zhi Chao , Sun Fu Wei , Meng Fan Mao
Published: August 2011

There are many factors which affect the effectiveness of the gas explosion suppression by the water mist in the coal mine laneway. This paper studies the relationship between the wind speed and the status of the water mist by numerical analysis. The results shows, for gas explosion suppression in coal mine laneway, the water mist system must be arranged in the region that the wind speed is 5m/s or slower.
The Empirical Research on the Estimation of the Construction CO2 Emission Based on EPA Non-Road Modeling
Authors: Li Hong Xian , Lei Zhen , Hu Zhen Yun , Liu Bing Sheng
Published: August 2011

The green and sustainable construction has become a popular topic, especially with the respect of the green house gas emissions. Meanwhile, the estimation of the CO2 emission during the construction is an important process among the CO2 emission management. The paper carries out the empirical research on the construction CO2 emission based on the EPA non-road modeling and a real case. Firstly, the research methodology is developed based on the EPA non-road modeling. Then, based on a real case, the total CO2 emission of the project and the CO2 emission of each machine are calculated. Finally, other scenarios are considered and compared, and the optimal solution is found. The proposed methodology provides an accurate, consistent & realistic quantification method of CO2 emissions at micro level during construction, which will be of benefit to the green and sustainable construction.
In Situ Load Experimental Research on the Stress Characteristics of Large Span Aqueduct
Authors: Deng Hua Feng , Wang Yu , Zhu Min , Cheng Zhuang , Xu Xiao Liang
Published: August 2011

Cao river aqueduct was the largest aqueduct in Asia for its span,the actual stress state of aqueduct structures, and whether the effect of prestressed meet the design requirements all will directly influence the safety operation of aqueduct.Load test is an important means of testing structure design and construction quality of reinforced concrete, and stress test is one of the important methods of monitoring, which can more objectively reflect the real stress condition of structure. Therefore, impounding test of the aqueduct was carried out before formal operation, stress characteristics of the aqueduct under impounding conditions were analyzed in detail. The results analysis shows that the aqueduct were in well flexible working conditions under testing load.These show that the structure design is basically rational; design value of material strength and the actual stiffness of the aqueduct meet design requirements and have a certain degree security reserve. At same time, the test offered a foundation for its later period working.
Several Questions about Multi-Lateral Horizontal Well Productivity Formulas
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Li Lei , Qi Cheng Wei
Published: August 2011

This paper has answered several questions on the multi-lateral horizontal well productivity formulas. Firstly, the fact that the potential at the crack equals zero, which is a key step in the process of structuring the multi-lateral horizontal well productivity formulas, has been rigorously proved through complex analysis. Secondly, the difference between the two “q” appearing in the process of structuring the multi-lateral horizontal well productivity formulas has been identified clearly. Thirdly, the transformation of the permeability from the isotropic to the anisotropic and the reason of using the equivalent well diameter have been demonstrated.
Benefit Analysis of the Energy Saving Reconstruction of the Office Building in Chagan Hada
Authors: Solvang Wei Deng , Zhang Chao Ying
Published: August 2011

The project of the office building of the People’s Government of Chagan Hada was initiated by the Norwegian government for helping with energy saving reconstruction in undeveloped areas of developing countries. By reconstructing the office building’s external walls, doors, windows, roofs and heating system, the coal consumption of the office building has decreased from 50kg/m2 to 23.8kg/m2, saving raw coal by about 26t each year. After the reconstruction, the temperatures of various zones in the office building have risen by 13°C to 15°C respectively. The project fully adopts existing building energy saving technologies and locally produced building energy saving materials. What’s more, it introduces building energy saving ideas of Norway and has reached three achievements: First, both strict working attitude and skillful operations were ensured in construction; second, demonstration effect was emphasized; third, importance was attached to ability development.
Investigation and Prediction for Carbonation Resistance of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Qinhuangdao City
Authors: Li Xiao Hui , Zhang Jin Rui , Zhao Ran Ran , Zheng Wei
Published: August 2011

The carbonation resistance of ready-mixed concrete in Qinhuangdao was investigated and the predicted experimental data indicated that the carbonation resistance of concrete in Qinhuangdao was unsatisfactory. The longest predicted service period of concretes in this survey is merely 39.1 years when the carbonation depth reaches 25 mm; and the shortest is only 8.7 years. It’s awfully difficult to guarantee the durability of reinforced concrete structures for 50 years. The experiment results also shows that both the water to binder ratio and the mineral admixture mass fraction have great influence on the carbonation resistance of concrete. With the decrease of water to binder ratio and mineral admixture mass fraction, the predicted service years of ready-mixed concrete increase dramatically.
Basic Characteristics of Air Bubble Forming Process at the Aperture
Authors: Li Chun Liu , Zhang Cheng Xing , Hu Zhi Li
Published: August 2011

On the basis of old methods of how to resolve the diameter of air bubbles in stationary water, the author uses numerical value certificated that the relation between the diameter of air bubbles and the airflow velocity of aperture is hyperbola. Then the author proves the connection of the volume of air bubbles, gas flux and the diameter of aperture, which the air bubble is forming at the first stage. It is concluded that the volume of air bubbles will expand with the diameter of aperture enlarging when the gas flux is remain unchanged. Furthermore, the volume of air bubbles will expand with the gas flux enlarging when the diameter of aperture unchanged.
Developing Sustainable Architecture Education Approaches in Malaysia: A Case Study of Critiques Session in 2nd Year Design Studio of Architecture Department, National University of Malaysia (UKM)
Authors: Utaberta N. , Hassanpour B. , Abdullah Nag , Tahir M. , Che Ani Ai.
Published: August 2011

Education is completely linked by spiritual and mental aspects and has direct effect on thoughts and ideas; even it can make a pattern and line behavior for humans’ life. Indeed if educating system be able to has a positive impact on its’ inputs, then it can import its influence to the whole society by its outputs which their number is not less. Especially in art and architecture this influence would be multiple and multilateral, because students are the future designers and peoples’ life will be influenced by them. So we ought to pay more attention to education phenomenon. Limited natural sources and the destructive effects on next generations’ portion attracted the attention of all sciences and different professional majors to find how to generate new sources of energy that they called Sustainable. Architecture as a linked field to other knowledge and sciences was not excepted and like past periods of history, tried to find best solutions and appropriate responses. Today, the definition of sustainable and the domain of it have developed and it is known in vast meanings and categories. Education is one of these categories that it has to be containing the word, sustainable. Sustainable education as a first stage of attitude and effect on future can play an important role. Sustainable Architectural Education and try to trace methods of sustainable architectural education is the target of this paper.
Sustainable Approach in Library Design in Malaysia: Lesson from Frank Lloyd Wright Approaches in Space and Landscape Design
Authors: Utaberta N. , Spalie N. , Abdullah Nag , Tahir M. , Che Ani Ai.
Published: August 2011

In 1982, the National Literacy Survey carried out by the National Library reported that Malaysians only read an average of one to two pages a year. Fortunately, the reading habit among Malaysians improved to two books per year when the National Literacy Survey was repeated in 1996. Nonetheless, the last National Literacy Survey carried out in 2005 reported that Malaysians still read an average of two books a year. In short, there had been no improvement. The main objective of this paper is to initiate and open a wider discussion on library design and learning facilities in Malaysia. It tries to take some lesson from one of the greatest modern American Architect which is Frank Lloyd Wright. The discussion itself will consist of four (4) parts. First part will discuss on the current problem and situation in reading and library issues in Malaysia while the second part will try to explore and review on the definition of outdoor learning with its importance and character in learning environment. The third part will focused on the Frank Lloyd Wright’s sustainable approaches in spatial and landscape arrangement while the last part will do some analysis and comparison which result on the suggestion and recommendation for outdoor learning facilities design in Malaysia. With some understanding from the established environmental approaches of Frank Lloyd Wright’s above it is expected that we can reconstruct and redefine some framework and guideline for future outdoor facilities design in Malaysia.
Influence of Water Repellent Surface Impregnation on Water Absorption Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Zhu Ya Guang , Xu Pei Zhen , Li Qiu Yi , Li Chuan
Published: August 2011

This paper aimed to investigate the influence of using silane surface water repellent treatment on the capillary water absorption properties of recycled aggregate concrete. In this study, two types of coarse aggregate, natural aggregates and recycled aggregates were used, and the surface water repellent treatment of concrete was produced by brushing 100g/m2 and 200g/m2 of paste. It was found that the silane impregnation depth of recycled concrete was deeper than that of natural concrete, and the surface treatment was more effective in the improvement of capillary water absorption properties of recycled aggregate concrete than the natural aggregate concrete.
The Research of Reliability on Recycled Concrete
Authors: Zha Xiao Xiong , Zhong Jian Wei
Published: August 2011

With the rapid development of urban construction, the waste that construction brings is also increasing. The recycled concrete technology can solve the problems of waste concrete, but also save the natural sand. This paper gives the progress on the research about the reliability of recycled concrete. Because of the rough surface of the recycled concrete aggregates and large porosity, the apparent density, strength and durability of the recycled concrete are different from the ordinary concrete on many aspects. So the study of the reliability about the recycled concrete is very necessary. The page will research on the material subentry coefficient of fifty and sixty years.
Research Trend of Eco-Security and Relevant Topics-Taiwan and Mainland China as Case Study
Authors: Wu Ching I , Tsai Ping Yu , Wu Yi Yen
Published: August 2011

The design of this study employed an approach of literature review. Data were collected primarily by means of the search for the key word ‘ eco-security’ on the Internet in order to analyze and classify the related studies. This study organized the works, relative to the type of landscape , published in Chinese and English online journals by researchers in Taiwan and Mainland China. This pilot study tried to broaden the ground of limited research on eco-security by searching for more related online information including ‘ecological security’, ‘ecosystem & security’, ‘ecosystem & risk assessment’ and ‘environmental monitor & early-warning’. Therefore, this study had two purposes. One was to understand the classification, number and trend of the related research on eco-security through literature review. The other was to analyze the content of the related research on eco-security. This involved understanding the theories, assessment approaches, assessment subjects, applied instruments and new possibilities of the future study in this field. Our data consisted of 233 studies published from 1988 to 2010. In terms of issues, data were divided into four parts: eco-security, landscape security patterns, ecosystem risk and environmental monitor &early-warning. In terms of subjects , data were differentiated into urban areas, rural areas, river basins and particular areas and un-designated ones. In terms of purposes, three types of data were distinguished: theories, applications and dynamics. Finally, semi-natural or artificial ecosystem becomes the focus and Data Mining Theory’s tools will be used generally for constructing the non-linear model of eco-security assessments
The Research for Simulation Model of River Eco-Security: A Case Study for Danshui River in Taipei City
Authors: Wu Ching I , Liu Cheng Chih , Tsai Ping Yu
Published: August 2011

Urban river eco-security completely reflected continuous mutual impacts and conductions among many factors, such as the increment and the decrement of urban environment pollution, the type of land use, the technology to water conservancy engineering, the policy of ecological conservation. However, our early warning system of urban river eco-security was not perfect. In this study which aims to construct the urban vision for the urban river eco-security structure analysis, quantitative measurement and strategy simulation. This research , construction of five subsystems, “drainage control” ,”purification ability”, “water recycled”, “habitat” and “biomass”. A dynamic model of urban river eco-security forecast and simulation system was constructed by system dynamics software Vensim DSS 5.9. The error value between simulation and real situation are few to prove the model is effective .The study results indicate that the eco-security for Danshui River is going to biomass raising, drainage raising, Habitat increasing and pollution reducing. The cogitation has integrated by system dynamic model which coming together to form precaution,water use,conservation and ecological restoration. It is clear that urban river eco-security model may provide an alternative choice of urban river Engineering Construction decision and correspond to the direction of sustainable city.
Building Integration of Solar Water Heater in Residence: Application to Apartment Buildings in Jianda Districts
Authors: Wei Yan Yan , Zhao Bin , Chen Xin Mei
Published: August 2011

This paper put forward successful integration of SWH systems into a building and propsed feasible way to realize.Application to apartment buildings in Jianda Districts is used as an example to demonstrate the whole building integration approach.And the practicality is discussed to evaluate what type of BISWH will be needed.
Study on the Sustainable Development Strategy of China’s Exhibition Buildings
Authors: Cao Hong , Meng Sheng Yu
Published: August 2011

In recent years, investment on China’s exhibition buildings rises sharply, but problems like over-warming of the exhibition hall construction, structural surplus, and low utilization rate occur. On the basis of analyzing the current development status of China’s exhibition buildings, this paper takes Nanning International Convention & Exhibition Center as an example to develop the investigation and study, and proposes the sustainable development strategy pointedly from building space environment and planning management, etc. The study is expected to provide reference for the sustainable development of similar domestic exhibition buildings.
Comparative Analysis of Natural and Stimulated Room Temperature of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone
Authors: Ning Yong Fei , Liu Ze Hua , Chen Gang , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2011

Based on long-term testing and recording of room temperate in a bedroom of residential buildings in the hot summer and cold winter zone, this assay focuses on comparative analysis of tested results and simulated results derived from the DeST software. It verifies the rationality and reliability of the DeST software, showing the feasibility that software DeST can be applied to analyze the energy consumption of residential building in hot summer and cold winter zone.
Investigation of Experimental Model for Designing Concrete Bridge Deck Reinforced with GFRP Bars
Authors: Li Chun Hong , Wei De Min , Zheng Yu
Published: August 2011

Since the traditional design methods are based on the simply-supported experimental model, the bearing capacity of concrete bridge deck reinforced with GFRP bars is often determined by serviceability limits. The predicted bearing capacity is so low that high reinforcement ratio and construction cost are lead to. However, the previous researches on concrete bridge decks reinforced with GFRP bars revealed that crack widths and deflections were far less than the predictions by traditional codes, due to the existing of compression membrane action. This paper proposes a restraint test model to stimulate the comprehensive working property of deck system，considering the restraint from other part of the deck. Compared with simply-supported test model, bearing capacity and serviceability of the proposed are improved by more than 1 time. New experimental model for designing concrete bridge deck reinforced with GFRP bars are required.
Engineering Application of Glued Laminated Timber Structures in China
Authors: Cheng Xiao Wu , Liu Wei Qing , Lu Wei Dong , Yang Hui Feng , Yue Kong
Published: August 2011

An overall outline is given for the development of the glued laminated timber structures in China. Different types of glulam structures built in recent years, such as gymnasium, bridges, public buildings, traditional architecture, landscape structures have been discussed. During the development of glulam structure in the future, raising design and produce level will be the most important question we confront and should be settled.
Pavement Performance Study of Construction Waste and River Sludge Used as Subgrade Filling
Authors: Chen Zhao Xia , Wang Ling , Wei Lian Yu
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the feasibility of river sludge subgrade with construction waste is studied through CBR test and limit moisture content test. The variation that the carrying capacity of river silt with the increase of mixed proportion of construction waste is analysed, and the suitable mixing ratio is obtained that to filling roadbed with river sludge and construction waste.
The Optimization of Design and Construction for an Internal Supporting Structure
Authors: Dang Ling Bo , Zhang Lei Shun
Published: August 2011

An internal supporting structure because of its low cost, construction speed, and high efficiency in the construction of municipal works in the deep foundation pit enjoys a great advantage. In this paper, ZhongYuan West Road, the actual construction of water pipeline project, describes the mechanical characteristics，the design and construction of the internal supporting structure, It is summarized for an internal supporting structure in deep excavation of accumulated experience.
The Preparation Research of Powder Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer
Authors: Gui Miao Miao , Fang Yun Hui , Lin Qing Chang , Yu Fei Yu , Lin Tian Xing , Ma Xiu Xing
Published: August 2011

This paper uses centrifugal spray drying process to prepare powder polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The best spray drying process: speed of centrifugal atomizer is 16000r/min, feed liquid temperature is 30°C, import / export air temperature of drying chamber is 200°C/80°C. It achieves a high concentration of polycarboxylate superplasticizer to prepare powder product. It solves the problem of sticky and low-performance of powder polycarboxylate superplasticizer during traditional preparation. Analyzing the structure of polycarboxylate superplasticizer before and after spray-drying by infrared spectroscopy, and verifying the conclusion through macroeconomic performance experiments.
High-Pressure Crystallized PEEK: Degradation and Stability
Authors: Xi Dai Kun , Tian Jiao Jiao , Zhang Dao Peng , Yuan Chao Sheng , Lu Jun , Sun Hong Liang , Huang Rui
Published: August 2011

The high-pressure crystallized poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) samples were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the thermal stability of PEEK could be improved through appropriate high-pressure treatment. Although the 10wt.-% loss temperature and maximum decomposition temperature of the PEEK samples decreased with the increase of crystallization temperature and crystallization time, the effect of the applied pressure on preventing them from further degradation was obviously observed. Furthermore, the amorphous region of certain PEEK samples was eroded off after high-temperature degradation, which made the details of the spherulitic structures revealed more clearly using traditional etching technique. PEEK spherulites with different characteristics were disclosed with SEM, including those with sheaf-like structures, quench haloes or interpenetrating fibrils. The study presented here may be instructive to the applications of the polymer under such ultimate environmental conditions as high pressure and high temperature.
Calculation and Analysis of Artificial Boundary with Substructure Condensation Element
Authors: Zhao Yuan Yi , Zhou Hong Tao
Published: August 2011

Artificial boundary is an important part of finite element calculation model. Based on finite element method, this paper presents substructure condensation elements to simulate far field boundary. As most dynamic responses are focused on ground surface, substructure elements’ internal nodes are condensed and only keep the nodes on the ground surface to maintain the accuracy of scattering wave transmition. According to the example of verification, if the related parameters are chosen properly, the effect of substructure condensation boundary is guaranteed.