bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionic‐Liquid‐Based, Sustainable Wavelength‐Shifting Materials for Energy Conversion: A Minireview
Authors: Rahman Ziaur , Das Sudhir Kumar
Published: January 2022

Photon upconversion (UC) and down‐conversion (DC) are the technology that can increase solar utilization efficiencies.UC and DC are the major key factors for designing and developing efficient organic solar cells. In this mini‐review, we have focused on the recent progress on the ionic liquids (ILs) as novel sustainable media or building blocks for the fabrication of up and down‐converted materials in which energy is migrated through Dexter type of energy transfer by triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism to overcome the problems for the use of these phenomena for solar utilization efficiencies associated with conventional solvents. We have surveyed most of the important, recent, and exemplary articles and tried to provide the latest information to help researchers to grab updated knowledge in this field. Finally, we critically assess the potentiality of these sustainable media‐based up and down‐converters to fulfill the requirements for solar utilization efficiencies conceptually.
Methimazole Analogs as Urease Inhibitors: Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Çapan İrfan
Published: January 2022

Urease plays a key role in urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections for which inhibition of it could prove to be substantial as a potential therapeutic option. Here, synthesized thirty novel compounds in four different series based on methimazole skeleton, also known as thiamazole, a drug that is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Characterization of novel compounds consisting oxadiazoles, hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamides and N′‐arylidenebenzohydrazides were performed by 1H‐, 13C‐NMR and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The synthesized molecules were examined for structure‐activity relationship in urease inhibition and found to exhibit inhibitory potency in a range of IC50=3.56–14.08 μM compared to urea and acetohydroxamic acid used as standard. Moreover, molecular docking was performed to understand ligand binding interactions in the active site of the enzyme (Jack bean urease, Protein Data Bank ID 3LA4). The promise of addressing urinary tract and gastrointestinal disorders through urease inhibition is discussed.
Properties and Potential Applications of Manganese‐doped Ceria Gained by Mechanochemical Synthesis
Authors: Ivković Ivana Katarina , Kurajica Stanislav , Duplančić Marina , Faraguna Fabio , Grbešić Tea
Published: January 2022

Manganese doped nanosized ceria samples were prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. Characterization was done using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐Vis DRS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and others. Different conditions of synthesis were tried. Beside cerium carbonate, cerium chloride and amorphous phase remain in the product. Cerium carbonate decomposes around 250 °C, while the decomposition process centered at 330 °C was attributed to cerium chloride decomposition. Along with ceria, birnessite occurs in doped samples after thermal treatment and washing. Ceria lattice constant is reduced from 5.405 Å for pure sample to 5.401 Å for the 30 % doped sample as a consequence of manganese entrance in the ceria lattice. Ceria bandgap is significantly reduced with doping. Particle size was far greater than crystallite size due to a strong tendency toward agglomeration. All prepared powders proved to be efficient catalysts for toluene oxidation with the 30 % doped sample being the most promising.
Coincident Fluorescence‐Burst Analysis of the Loading Yields of Exosome‐Mimetic Nanovesicles with Fluorescently‐Labeled Cargo Molecules
Authors: Sanaee Maryam , Sandberg Elin , Ronquist K. Göran , Morrell Jane M. , Widengren Jerker , Gallo Katia
Published: January 2022

The possible targeting functionality and low immunogenicity of exosomes and exosome‐like nanovesicles make them promising as drug‐delivery carriers. To tap into this potential, accurate non‐destructive methods to load them and characterize their contents are of utmost importance. However, the small size, polydispersity, and aggregation of nanovesicles in solution make quantitative characterizations of their loading particularly challenging. Here, an ad‐hoc methodology is developed based on burst analysis of dual‐color confocal fluorescence microscopy experiments, suited for quantitative characterizations of exosome‐like nanovesicles and of their fluorescently‐labeled loading. It is applied to study exosome‐mimetic nanovesicles derived from animal extracellular‐vesicles and human red blood cell detergent‐resistant membranes, loaded with fluorescently‐tagged dUTP cargo molecules. For both classes of nanovesicles, successful loading is proved and by dual‐color coincident fluorescence burst analysis, size statistics and loading yields are retrieved and quantified. The procedure affords single‐vesicle characterizations well‐suited for the investigation of a variety of cargo molecules and biological nanovesicle combinations besides the proof‐of‐principle demonstrations of this study. The results highlight a powerful characterization tool essential for optimizing the loading process and for advanced engineering of biomimetic nanovesicles for therapeutic drug delivery.
A van der Waals Integrated Damage‐Free Memristor Based on Layered 2D Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Mao Jing‐Yu , Wu Shuang , Ding Guanglong , Wang Zhan‐Peng , Qian Fang‐Sheng , Yang Jia‐Qin , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting
Published: January 2022

2D materials with intriguing properties have been widely used in optoelectronics. However, electronic devices suffered from structural damage due to the ultrathin materials and uncontrolled defects at interfaces upon metallization, which hindered the development of reliable devices. Here, a damage‐free Au/h‐BN/Au memristor is reported using a clean, water‐assisted metal transfer approach by physically assembling Au electrodes onto the layered h‐BN which minimized the structural damage and undesired interfacial defects. The memristors demonstrate significantly improved performance with the coexistence of nonpolar and threshold switching as well as tunable current levels by controlling the compliance current, compared with devices with evaporated contacts. The devices integrated into an array show suppressed sneak path current and can work as both logic gates and latches to implement logic operations allowing in‐memory computing. Cross‐sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis validates the feasibility of this nondestructive metal integration approach, the crucial role of high‐quality atomically sharp interface in resistive switching, and a direct observation of percolation path. The underlying mechanism of boron vacancies‐assisted transport is further supported experimentally by conductive atomic force microscopy free from process‐induced damage, and theoretically by ab initio simulations.
Anionic Redox Activities Boosted by Aluminum Doping in Layered Sodium‐Ion Battery Electrode
Authors: Cheng Chen , Ding Manling , Yan Tianran , Jiang Jinsen , Mao Jing , Feng Xuefei , Chan Ting‐Shan , Li Ning , Zhang Liang
Published: January 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted widespread attention for large‐scale energy storage, but one major drawback, i.e., the limited capacity of cathode materials, impedes their practical applications. Oxygen redox reactions in layered oxide cathodes are proven to contribute additionally high specific capacity, while such cathodes often suffer from irreversible structural transitions, causing serious capacity fading and voltage decay upon cycling, and the formation process of the oxidized oxygen species remains elusive. Herein, a series of Al‐doped P2‐type Na0.6Ni0.3Mn0.7O2 cathode materials for SIBs are reported and the corresponding charge compensation mechanisms are investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. The combined analyses reveal that Al doping boosts the reversible oxygen redox reactions through the reductive coupling reactions between orphaned O 2p states in NaOAl local configurations and Ni4+ ions, as directly evidenced by X‐ray absorption fine structure results. Additionally, Al doping also induces an increased interlayer spacing and inhibits the unfavorable P2 to O2 phase transition upon desodiation/sodiation, which is common in P2‐type Mn‐based cathode materials, leading to the great improvement in capacity retention and rate capability. This work provides deeper insights into the development of structurally stable and high‐capacity layered cathode materials for SIBs with anion–cation synergetic contributions.
‘It may also be our own fault to think so, to limit them before even trying’: Assuming Learner Limitations during Materials Design in English Language Teacher Education
Authors: Carabantes Luis , Paran Amos
Published: January 2022

Whilst the scholarship into language teaching materials and into language teacher education has gained considerable vitality since the mid‐90s, the intersection of both fields has remained largely disconnected from one another from a research perspective. Bridging this gap, this study explores how a group of Chilean preservice teachers of English learn to design language teaching materials towards the end of their teacher education course. Drawing on the sociocultural framework of Activity Theory and using qualitative data from preservice teachers, teacher educators and mentoring teachers, it was possible to identify ‘Assuming Learner Limitations’ as one of the main rationales mediating the design of language teaching materials by the preservice teachers. The data also showed how this rationale emerged from the preservice teachers’ disparaging beliefs about their learners, and how its development was promoted by the school mentors at the schools where they were doing their practicum, despite the teacher education course efforts to prevent its emergence. The study highlights the importance of addressing materials evaluation, adaptation and design in initial teacher education, and the need for conducting more research into the intersection of teacher education and materials development to both expand our knowledge of teaching materials as well as understand how student‐teachers relate to the tools of their future profession.
Potential and limitations of machine-learning approaches to inclusive |Vub| determinations
Authors: Biekötter Anke , Kwok Ka Wang , Pecjak Benjamin D.
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The determination of |Vub| in inclusive semileptonic B → Xuℓν decays will be among the pivotal tasks of Belle II. In this paper we study the potential and limitations of machine-learning approaches that attempt to reduce theory uncertainties by extending the experimentally accessible fiducial region of the B → Xuℓν signal into regions where the B → Xcℓν background is dominant. We find that a deep neural network trained on low-level single particle features offers modest improvement in separating signal from background, compared to BDT set-ups using physicist-engineered high-level features. We further illustrate that while the signal acceptance of such a deep neural network deteriorates in kinematic regions where the signal is small, such as at high hadronic invariant mass, neural networks which exclude kinematic features are flatter in kinematics but less inclusive in the sampling of exclusive hadronic final states at fixed kinematics. The trade-off between these two set-ups is somewhat Monte Carlo dependent, and we study this issue using the multipurpose event generator Sherpa in addition to the widely used B-physics tool EvtGen.
Outcome after surgical stabilization of symptomatic rib fracture nonunion: a multicenter retrospective case series
Authors: Van Wijck Suzanne F. M. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Prins Jonne T. H. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Van Huijstee Pieter J. , Vermeulen Jefrey , Wijffels Mathieu M. E.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the long-term level of pain after surgical treatment of one or more symptomatic rib fracture nonunions. Secondary aims were to evaluate the occurrence of adverse events, satisfaction, and activity resumption. The final aim was to assess the association between pain and the presence of bridging callus at the nonunified fracture. Hypothesized was that thoracic pain would diminish after surgery.

Methods

This retrospective case series included adults who underwent surgery for a symptomatic rib fracture nonunion from three hospitals. Symptomatic nonunion was defined as persistent pain associated with nonbridging callus of ≥1 rib fractures on a chest CT scan at ≥3 months after the initial injury. Patients completed questionnaires about pain, satisfaction, and activity resumption ≥3 months postoperatively.

Results

Thirty-six patients (26 men, 10 women), with a median age of 55 (P25–P75 49–62) years and 169 acute rib fractures were included. Nonunion occurred in 98 (58%) fractures of which 70 (71%) were treated surgically. After a median of 11 months (P25–P75 7–21), 13 (36%) patients reported severe pain, in contrast to 26 (72%) preoperatively. Patients who underwent intercostal neurectomy or neurolysis in addition to surgical stabilization less often reported pain reduction. Twenty-six (72%) had postoperative complications, for which 12 (33%) underwent additional surgery, mostly for persistent pain. The majority (n = 27; 75%) was satisfied with their functional recovery. Of patients who had paid work pre-trauma, 65% had resumed working.

Conclusion

Most patients reported less pain and better daily functioning after surgical stabilization of symptomatic rib fracture nonunions, although causality cannot be proven with this retrospective case series. Additional intercostal nerve treatment was not associated with pain relief. Despite surgery-related complications being common, patient satisfaction was high.

Level of evidence: Level V.

Study type: Therapeutic.
Overlap laser welding of 5052-H36 aluminum alloy: experimental investigation of process parameters and mechanical designs
Authors: Idriss Mohamad , Mirakhorli Fatemeh , Desrochers Alain , Maslouhi Ahmed
Published: January 2022

In this study, the laser welding process is used to join 1.6-mm-thick AA5052-H36 sheets in an overlap joint configuration. Both pulse and oscillation laser beam welding were investigated for the first laser pass. Oscillation beam laser welding in continuous-wave mode show more stable and sound weld with no porosity defects compare to pulse wave (PW) mode. The adopted welding power, speed, frequency, and defocus are 8 kW, 6.5 m/min, 150 Hz, and + 8 mm, respectively. The obtained stitch welds are defects free (blowholes, micro-cracks, or porosities). A circular oscillation ramp-up/ramp-down PW mode is adopted for a second laser surface re-melting (LSR) pass. The corresponding welding power, speed, frequency, and defocus are 5 kW, 2.5 m/min, 500 Hz, and + 15 mm, respectively. Shear tests are then performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of single lap joints (SLJ) for different stitch weld shapes, 2 gap tolerances (0 and 0.5 mm), as well as with/without LSR pass. The best tests’ reproducibility and highest dissipated energies (~ + 42% when compared to the perpendicular direction) are obtained when the stitch weld direction corresponds to the loading direction. The second LSR pass provides more aesthetic joints with higher shear resistance (~ + 1% to + 3%) due to a decrease in the weld surface underfill and undercut imperfections of the stitch weld. The part-to-part gap leads to higher shear resistance (~ + 20%) owing to 2 main reasons: larger welding surfaces at the joint interface and higher hardness of the fusion zone. These findings are of great value for including laser welding technology in the automotive and surface transportation industries.

Graphic abstract
The gender pay gap in university student employment
Authors: Boll Paul David , Mergele Lukas , Zierow Larissa
Published: January 2022

Gender pay gaps are commonly studied in populations with already completed educational careers. We focus on an earlier stage by investigating the gender pay gap among university students working alongside their studies. With data from five cohorts of a large-scale student survey from Germany, we use regression and wage decomposition techniques to describe gender pay gaps and potential explanations. We find that female students earn about 6% less on average than male students, which reduces to 4.1% when accounting for a rich set of explanatory variables. The largest explanatory factor is the type of jobs male and female students pursue.
Proteomic profiling of cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive germ cell tumour cell lines using quantitative mass spectrometry
Authors: Fichtner A. , Bohnenberger H. , Elakad O. , Richter A. , Lenz C. , Oing C. , Ströbel P. , Kueffer S. , Nettersheim D. , Bremmer F.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Advanced testicular germ cell tumours (GCT) generally have a good prognosis owing to their unique sensitivity towards cisplatin-based chemotherapies. However, cisplatin-resistant GCT have a poor outcome. Further studies are mandatory to better understand resistance mechanisms and develop therapeutic strategies for refractory GCTs.

Methods

Protein levels in cisplatin-resistant GCT cell lines of NTERA-2, NCCIT and 2102EP were analyzed by quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Differentially abundant protein markers of acquired cisplatin resistance were validated by Western blotting. Comprehensive bioinformatical annotation using gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) and STRING interaction analysis were performed to identify commonly affected pathways in cisplatin resistance and the data were compared to the GCT cohort of the ‘The Cancer Genome Atlas’.

Results

A total of 4375 proteins were quantified by MS, 144 of which were found to be differentially abundant between isogenic resistant and sensitive cell line pairs (24 proteins for NTERA-2, 60 proteins for NCCIT, 75 proteins for 2102EP). Western blotting confirmed regulation of key resistance-associated proteins (CBS, ANXA1, LDHA, CTH, FDXR). GSEA revealed a statistically significant enrichment of DNA repair-associated proteins in all three resistant cell lines and specific additional processes for individual cell lines.

Conclusion

High resolution MS combined with SILAC is a powerful tool and 144 significantly deregulated proteins were found in cisplatin-resistant GCT cell lines. Our study provides the largest proteomic in vitro library for cisplatin resistance in GCT, yet, enabling further studies to develop new treatment options for patients with refractory GCT.
Pre-diagnosis urine exosomal RNA (ExoDx EPI score) is associated with post-prostatectomy pathology outcome
Authors: Kretschmer Alexander , Tutrone Ronald , Alter Jason , Berg Elena , Fischer Christian , Kumar Sonia , Torkler Phillipp , Tadigotla Vasisht , Donovan Michael , Sant Grannum , Skog Johan , Noerholm Mikkel
Published: January 2022

Purpose

ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore (EPI) is a non-invasive urine exosome RNA-based test for risk assessment of high-grade prostate cancer. We evaluated the association of pre-biopsy test results with post-radical prostatectomy (RP) outcomes to understand the potential utility of EPI to inform invasive treatment vs active surveillance (AS) decisions.

Methods

Urine samples were collected from 2066 men scheduled for initial biopsy with PSA between 2 and 10 ng/mL, no history of prostate cancer, and ≥ 50 years across multiple clinical studies. 310 men proceeded to RP, of which 111 patients had Gleason group grade 1 (GG1) at biopsy and would have been potential candidates for AS. We compared pre-biopsy urine scores with ERSPC and PCPT multivariate risk calculator scores for men with GG1 at biopsy to post-RP pathology.

Results

Urine EPI scores were significantly lower in men with GG1 at biopsy than in men with > GG1 (p = 0.04), while there were no differences in multivariate risk scores used in standard clinical practice (p > 0.05). Further, EPI scores were significantly lower in men with GG1 at biopsy who remained GG1 post-RP compared to men upgraded to ≥ GG3 post-RP (p < 0.001). In contrast, none of the multiparametric risk calculators showed significant differences (p > 0.05). Men with GG1 at biopsy and EPI score < 15.6 had zero rate of upgrading to ≥ GG3 post-RP compared to 16.0% for EPI scores ≥ 15.6.

Conclusions

The EPI urine biomarker outperformed the multivariate risk calculators in a homogenous risk group of pre-biopsy men. The EPI score was associated with low-risk pathology post-RP, with potential implications on informing AS decisions.

Trial registration

NCT02702856, NCT03031418, NCT03235687, NCT04720599.
A dose–neutral image quality comparison of different CBCT and CT systems using paranasal sinus imaging protocols and phantoms
Authors: Ronkainen Ari-Petteri , Al-Gburi Ali , Liimatainen Timo , Matikka Hanna
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To compare the image quality produced by equivalent low-dose and default sinus imaging protocols of a conventional dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner, an extremity CBCT scanner and a clinical multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner.

Methods

Three different phantoms were scanned using dose–neutral ultra-low-dose and low-dose sinus imaging protocols, as well as default sinus protocols of each device. Quantified parameters of image quality included modulation transfer function (MTF) to characterize the spatial response of the imaging system, contrast-to-noise ratio, low contrast visibility, image uniformity and Hounsfield unit accuracy. MTF was calculated using the line spread and edge spread functions (LSF and ESF).

Results

The dental CBCT had superior performance over the extremity CBCT in each studied parameter at similar dose levels. The MDCT had better contrast-to-noise ratio, low contrast visibility and image uniformity than the CBCT scanners. However, the CBCT scanners had better resolution compared to the MDCT. Accuracy of HU values for different materials was on the same level between the dental CBCT and MDCT, but substantially poorer performance was observed with the extremity CBCT.

Conclusions

The studied dental CBCT scanner showed superior performance over the studied extremity CBCT scanner when using dose–neutral imaging protocols. In case a dental CBCT is not available, the given extremity CBCT is still a viable option as it provides the benefit of high resolution over a conventional MDCT.
The global Gan-Gross-Prasad conjecture for unitary groups: the endoscopic case
Authors: Beuzart-Plessis Raphaël , Chaudouard Pierre-Henri , Zydor Michał
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we prove the Gan-Gross-Prasad conjecture and the Ichino-Ikeda conjecture for unitary groups $U_{n}\times U_{n+1}$

U
n

×

U

n
+
1

in all the endoscopic cases. Our main technical innovation is the computation of the contributions of certain cuspidal data, called ∗-regular, to the Jacquet-Rallis trace formula for linear groups. We offer two different computations of these contributions: one, based on truncation, is expressed in terms of regularized Rankin-Selberg periods of Eisenstein series and Flicker-Rallis intertwining periods introduced by Jacquet-Lapid-Rogawski. The other, built upon Zeta integrals, is expressed in terms of functionals on the Whittaker model. A direct proof of the equality between the two expressions is also given. Finally several useful auxiliary results about the spectral expansion of the Jacquet-Rallis trace formula are provided.
Kalman filter approach to real options with active learning
Authors: Sund Sebastian , Sendstad Lars H. , Thijssen Jacco J. J.
Published: January 2022

Technological innovations often create new markets and this gives incentives to learn about their associated profitabilities. However, this decision depends not only on the underlying uncertain profitability, but also on attitudes towards risk. We develop a decision-support tool that accounts for the impact of learning for a potentially risk-averse decision maker. The Kalman filter is applied to derive a time-varying estimate of the process, and the option is valued as dependent on this estimation. We focus on linear stochastic processes with normally distributed noise. Through a numerical example, we find that the marginal benefit of learning decreases rapidly over time, and that the majority of investment times occur early in the option holding period, after the holder has realized the main benefits of learning, and that risk aversion leads to earlier adoption. We find that risk-aversion reduces the value of learning and thus reduces the additional value of waiting and observing noisy signals through time.
Surface deformation-dependent mechanical properties of bending nanowires: an ab initio core-shell model
Authors: Xiao Ye , Shang J. , Kou L. Z. , Li Chun
Published: January 2022

An ab initio core-shell model is proposed to evaluate the surface effect in bending nanowires, in which the elastic modulus depends on the surface relaxation and deformation induced by external loading. By using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT), the surface and bulk properties are calculated for Ag, Pb, and Si nanowires. The obtained theoretical predictions of the effective Young’s modulus of nanowires agree well with the experimental data, which shows that the fixed-fixed nanowire is stiffened and the cantilevered nanowire is softened as the characteristic size of the cross section decreases. Furthermore, the contrastive analysis on the two kinds of nanowires demonstrates that increasing the nanowire aspect ratio would enhance the surface effect. The present results could be helpful for understanding the size effect in nanowires and designing nanobeam-based devices in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMSs).
Making the most of comparable corpora in Neural Machine Translation: a case study
Authors: Gete Harritxu , Etchegoyhen Thierry
Published: January 2022

Comparable corpora can benefit the development of Neural Machine Translation models, in particular for under-resourced languages. We present a case study centred on the exploitation of a large comparable corpus for Basque-Spanish, created from independently-produced news by the Basque public broadcastereitb, where we evaluate the impact of different techniques to exploit the original data, in order to complement parallel datasets for this language pair in both translation directions. Two efficient methods for parallel sentence mining are explored, which identified a common core of approximately half of the total number of aligned sentences, each one uniquely identifying valid parallel sentences not captured by the other method. Filtering the data via identification of length-difference outliers proved highly effective to improve the models, as was the use of tags to discriminate between comparable and parallel data in the training corpora. The use of backtranslated data is also evaluated in this work, with results indicating that alignment-based datasets remain the most beneficial, although complementary backtranslations should also be included to fully exploit the available comparable data. Overall, the results in this work demonstrate that this type of data needs to be carefully analysed prior to its use as training data for Neural Machine Translation, since issues such as information imbalance between source and target data can lead to unoptimal results for a given translation pair.
Strategies for the synthesis of canonical, non-canonical and analogues of strigolactones, and evaluation of their parasitic weed germination activity
Authors: Zorrilla Jesús G. , Rial Carlos , Varela Rosa M. , Molinillo José M. G. , Macías Francisco A.
Published: January 2022

Strigolactones (SLs) are natural products with promising applications as agrochemicals to prevent infestation with parasitic weeds due to their ability to trigger seed germination. However, their use is still limited because of the low yields in which they are isolated from natural sources. As such, numerous studies have led to strategies for obtaining them, and various structural analogues, by organic synthesis. These analogues have focused attention on the study of SLs, as some of them are easier to synthesize and possess enhanced properties, such as the level of bioactivity. This review provides an overview of the synthesis of SLs, subsequently focusing on the production of analogues with the canonical structure. The germinating activity of the compounds is also described herein, with positive effects on different species of the problematic genera Striga, Orobanche and Phelipanche having been found. The highly active analogue GR24 is currently the most widely studied in the literature, and relevant structural-activity relationships have been proposed as a result of the study of derivatives functionalized in different positions. Analogues based on other natural SLs such as strigol and orobanchol have also been developed, as have some novel canonical SLs derived from eudesmanolide or guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones. This review aims to provide useful information for the development of bioactive compounds applicable in new generation herbicides, in an attempt to employ similar compounds to those produced naturally in ecosystems that provoke effective herbicide effects at low concentrations.
Pain, Function, and Satisfaction After Total Knee Arthroplasty, with or Without Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Ighani Arani Perna , Wretenberg Per , Ottosson Johan , W-Dahl Annette
Published: January 2022

Background

The impact of obesity on patient-reported outcome (PRO) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery has demonstrated varying results. We evaluated knee pain, Activity in Daily Life function (ADL), and satisfaction after TKA surgery in patients with and without prior bariatric surgery (BS).

Methods

Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) and the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR) were used to identify patients operated on with primary TKA for osteoarthritis (OA) between 2009 and 2019 that had a BS within 2 years before the TKA (BS group). These patients were compared to patients with TKA without prior BS (no BS group). The patients filled in the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) preoperatively and one year postoperatively as well as satisfaction with the surgery one year postoperatively. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate 1-year postoperative KOOS pain and ADL function between the 2 groups. Adjustments were made for sex, age, and preoperative KOOS pain and ADL function respectively.

Results

Forty-four patients were included in the BS group and 3,525 patients in the no BS group. We found no statistically or clinically significant difference in one-year postoperative KOOS pain and ADL function between the BS group and the no BS group. The majority of the patients in both groups were classified as satisfied or very satisfied one year postoperatively to the TKA.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that patients without BS prior to the TKA gain similar 1-year outcome in pain, ADL function and satisfaction as patients with prior BS.

Graphical abstract
Interference by Modern Smartphones and Accessories with Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators
Authors: Nadeem Fahd , Tran Cao Thach , Torbey Estelle , Philbin Daniel , Morales Carlos , Wu Michael
Published: January 2022

Purpose of Review

The risk of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) interference from cell phones was previously thought to be low based on older studies. Current generation of smartphones have incorporated more magnets for optimization of wireless charging, attachment of accessories, and convenience functionalities. These magnets have the potential to cause CIEDs to inadvertently revert into magnet mode. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on smartphones and their accessories causing interference on CIEDs.

Recent Findings

Recent reports have demonstrated that the iPhone 12 series and accessories have the capability to cause CIED magnetic interference.

Current generation of smartphones, smartwatches, wireless headphones, and accessories have the potential to cause CIEDs to revert into magnet mode in both in vivo and ex vivo experiments. The risk of a clinically significant event is unlikely as long as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations are followed; keeping smartphones and accessories at least six inches away from CIEDs.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles with Distinct Properties in Autoimmune Encephalitis and Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Authors: Li Yongang , Gu Jiachen , Mao Youbing , Wang Xijia , Li Zongshan , Xu Xiaomin , Chen Huimin , Gui Yaxing
Published: January 2022

Encephalitis mediated by autoantibodies against neuronal antigens and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) are seemingly separate causes of encephalopathy in adults. Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is autoimmune in origin, and herpes simplex encephalitis is infectious. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomes from patients with antibody-positive AE and HSE. Towards this, exosomes were isolated from CSF from 13 patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, 11 patients with anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid-B (GABAB) receptor encephalitis, 9 patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis, and 8 patients with anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) encephalitis, and 12 control individuals negative of antibodies against neuronal autoantigens. There were ten miRNAs highly expressed in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis compared to those in control subjects. Eight miRNAs were found to be lower expressed in anti-NMDAR encephalitis CSF-derived exosomes. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched by AE differential expressed exosomic miRNAs demonstrated that AE-related exosomic miRNAs may participate as a feedback regulation in cancer development. In addition, the exosome concentration in CSF of 9 HSE patients was significantly higher compared to those from 9 HSV( −) patients. This observation was consistent with the results that exosome concentration was found to be higher in the animal model which was inoculated intranasally with HSV-1 compared to controls. Furthermore, western blot demonstrated that the subunits of NMDAR, GABABR, and AMPAR were detected highly expressed in exosomes derived from sera of HSV-1-treated animal model compared to controls. More importantly, exosomes isolated from CSF of HSE patients contained higher expression levels of two miRNAs encoded by HSV, miR-H2-3p, and miR-H4-3p compared to those from HSV( −) patients. In summary, HSV may trigger brain autoimmunity in HSE by presentation of surface autoantigens via exosomes.
Resonance assignment of the Shank1 PDZ domain
Authors: Sánta Anna , Czajlik András , Batta Gyula , Péterfia Bálint , Gáspári Zoltán
Published: January 2022

Shank proteins are among the most abundant and well-studied postsynaptic scaffold proteins. Their PDZ domain has unique characteristics as one of its loop regions flanking the ligand-binding site is uniquely long and has also been implicated in the formation of PDZ dimers. Here we report the initial characterization of the Shank1 PDZ domain by solution NMR spectroscopy. The assigned chemical shifts are largely consistent with the common features of PDZ domains in general and the available Shank PDZ crystal structures in particular. Our analysis suggests that under the conditions investigated, the domain is monomeric and the unique loop harbors a short helical segment, observed in only one of the known X-ray structures so far. Our work stresses the importance of solution-state investigations to fully decipher the functional relevance of the structural and dynamical features unique to Shank PDZ domains.
Measuring dispositional forgiveness among Spanish adolescents and emerging adults: Psychometric properties of the Spanish Forgivingness Questionnaire (FQ)
Authors: Quintana-Orts Cirenia , Rey Lourdes , Sánchez-Álvarez Nicolás , Neto Félix , Mullet Etienne
Published: January 2022

The adaptation of the Forgivingness Questionnaire (FQ) has been performed for different languages and with diverse samples. So far, no psychometric properties were evaluated for a Spanish version of the FQ. The main aim of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the FQ in two Spanish samples: adolescents and emerging adults. A total of 1,076 participants: 419 adolescents (56% females; Mage = 13.78 years) and 657 emerging adults (64% females; Mage = 21.06 years) completed the Spanish version of FQ and other measures. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the three-factor model of the FQ, and high reliability for both samples. Convergent validity was supported and multi-group analyses showed the invariance of the factor structure of FQ across gender. These results provide evidence of good psychometric properties of the FQ as a tool to measure dispositional forgiveness among Spanish adolescents and emerging adults.
The parental career-related behaviors questionnaire (PCB): Psychometric properties in adolescents and young adults in the Italian context
Authors: Parola Anna , Fusco Luca , Marcionetti Jenny
Published: January 2022

Over the last few years, the role of parental career-related behaviors in career development has been identified in several studies. Specifically, these behaviors involve difficulties in the adolescents' career decision-making. In the literature, there is a validated scale for measuring parental career-related behaviors in the Italian language, but the validation refers to the Swiss context. Thus, the present study aimed to test the psychometric proprieties of the parental career-related behaviors questionnaire (PCB) in a sample of 323 adolescents and, after an item-adaption, in a sample of 374 university students in Italy. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to support the three-dimensional structure of the original PCB. Moreover, associations between PCB and career decision-making difficulties were investigated. The results showed that the PCB is a useful instrument for measuring parental career-related behaviors also in the Italian context. Finally, the PCB dimensions were meaningfully related to career decision-making difficulties.
The bibenzyl derivatives of Dendrobium officinale prevent UV-B irradiation induced photoaging via SIRT3
Authors: Chen Ding-kang , Shao Hui-yan , Yang Liu , Hu Jiang-miao
Published: January 2022

Dendrobium officinale is a valuable medicinal herb that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The chemical constituents of D. officinale have attracted much attention and a large number of compounds have been reported including many bibenzyl derivatives. 13 bibenzyl derivatives from D. officinale were sent for molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay and after detection of Mn-SOD and SIRT3 activities in or not in HaCaT cells, it was concluded that bibenzyl derivatives did not directly activate Mn-SOD but promoted SIRT3 proteins. In addition, HaCaT cells were irradiated with UV-B to induce an oxidative stress model in vitro to further verify the effect of bibenzyl derivatives. The results show that bibenzyl derivatives could directly bind to SIRT3, enhance the deacetylation and then activate Mn-SOD, so as to protect UV-B induced skin photoaging.

Graphical Abstract
Short-term PV power forecasting in India: recent developments and policy analysis
Authors: Mitra Indradip , Heinemann Detlev , Ramanan Aravindakshan , Kaur Mandeep , Sharma Sunil Kumar , Tripathy Sujit Kumar , Roy Arindam
Published: January 2022

With ambitious renewable energy capacity addition targets, there is an ongoing transformation in the Indian power system. This paper discusses the various applications of variable generation forecast, state-of-the-art solar PV generation forecasting methods, latest developments in generation forecasting regulations and infrastructure, and the new challenges introduced by VRE generation. Day-ahead NWP-based GHI forecasting are validated against ground measurements from single and multiple sites in India. Recommendations for improving overall the forecasting infrastructure in India are presented.
Threats to Internal Validity in Multiple-Baseline Design Variations
Authors: Slocum Timothy A. , Pinkelman Sarah E. , Joslyn P. Raymond , Nichols Beverly
Published: January 2022

Multiple baseline designs—both concurrent and nonconcurrent—are the predominant experimental design in modern applied behavior analytic research and are increasingly employed in other disciplines. In the past, there was significant controversy regarding the relative rigor of concurrent and nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs. The consensus in recent textbooks and methodological papers is that nonconcurrent designs are less rigorous than concurrent designs because of their presumed limited ability to address the threat of coincidental events (i.e., history). This skepticism of nonconcurrent designs stems from an emphasis on the importance of across-tier comparisons and relatively low importance placed on replicated within-tier comparisons for addressing threats to internal validity and establishing experimental control. In this article, we argue that the primary reliance on across-tier comparisons and the resulting deprecation of nonconcurrent designs are not well-justified. In this article, we first define multiple baseline designs, describe common threats to internal validity, and delineate the two bases for controlling these threats. Second, we briefly summarize historical methodological writing and current textbook treatment of these designs. Third, we explore how concurrent and nonconcurrent multiple baselines address each of the main threats to internal validity. Finally, we make recommendations for more rigorous use, reporting, and evaluation of multiple baseline designs.
An Ancient Greek Philosophy of Management Consulting: An Interview with David Shaw
Authors: Vandekerckhove Wim
Published: January 2022

This article is a transcript of an interview with David Shaw, the author of the book, “An Ancient Greek Philosophy of Management Consulting: Thinking Differently about its Assumptions, Principles and Practice”, published with Springer in 2022. It discusses his reasons for looking to the ancient Greek philosophers for new ideas about management consulting, and how his papers for this journal have contributed to the development of the book.
Non-local transport nature revealed by the research in transient phenomena of toroidal plasma
Authors: Ida Katsumi
Published: January 2022

The non-local transport nature revealed by the research in transient phenomena of toroidal plasma is reviewed. The following non-local phenomena are described: core temperature rise in the cold pulse, hysteresis gradient–flux relation in the modulation ECH experiment, and see-saw phenomena at the internal transport barrier (ITB) formation. There are two mechanisms for the non-local transport which cause non-local phenomena. One is the radial propagation of gradient and turbulence. The other is a mediator of radial coupling of turbulence such as macro/mesoscale turbulence, MHD instability, and zonal flow. Non-local transport has a substantial impact on structure formations in a steady state. The turbulence spreading into the ITB region, magnetic island, and SOL are discussed.
Individuelle Nutzung unterrichtlicher Angebote – Zur Bedeutung von Lernvoraussetzungen und Unterrichtsbeteiligung
Authors: Jansen Nina C. , Decristan Jasmin , Fauth Benjamin
Published: January 2022

In Angebots-Nutzungs-Modellen wird die individuelle Nutzung unterrichtlicher Angebote als wichtige Voraussetzung schulischen Lernens angesehen. Nutzung wird dabei als kognitiver, wechselseitig durch motivationale und emotionale Aspekte beeinflusster Prozess innerhalb der Lernenden verstanden. Welche Bedeutung individuelle Merkmale und die Beteiligung am Unterricht für die Nutzung von Unterricht haben, ist bislang noch nicht hinreichend untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich diesem Desiderat anhand von Daten aus 40 Mathematikklassen (N = 932 Schüler*innen) in der Sekundarstufe. Die Beteiligung am Unterricht wurde über Kodierungen von Unterrichtsvideos erfasst (N = 855 verbale Beteiligungen; N = 3850 weitere Meldungen), individuelle Lernvoraussetzungen und die selbsteingeschätzte Intensität der Nutzung unterrichtlicher Angebote über Fragebögen und einen Vorwissenstest der teilnehmenden Schüler*innen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen Zusammenhänge sowohl zwischen individuellen kognitiven und motivationalen Merkmalen und der selbstberichteten Nutzung des Unterrichtsangebots als auch zwischen Unterrichtsbeteiligung und Nutzung. Die schüler*innengesteuerte Beteiligung leistete einen eigenständigen Beitrag zur Vorhersage von Nutzung, auch über individuelle Merkmale hinaus. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Relevanz von aktiver Unterrichtsbeteiligung für die Angebotsnutzung und liefern weitere Erkenntnisse im Kontext von Angebots-Nutzungs-Modellen schulischen Lernens.
All Too Human
Authors: McLaughlin Anne
Published: January 2022

Why do people fear air travel, but text while driving? How were the travesties at the Abu Ghraib prison like a nuclear meltdown? What is the best way to throw a rocket at a robot? These are just a few questions addressed by the field of human factors psychology. These scientists use knowledge of how people think and why they act to improve the design of our world. In All Too Human, Dr. Anne McLaughlin introduces the field with vivid and topical stories that hinge on cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and decision-making. From the COVID-19 pandemic, to abandoned SCUBA divers, conspiracy theories, and the travails of online dating, McLaughlin draws on a century of research into the human mind to explain our past and predict our future.
Tense-Switching in Classical Greek
Authors: Nijk Arjan A.
Published: January 2022

Tense is at its most interesting when it behaves badly. In this book Arjan Nijk investigates the variation between the past and present tenses to refer to past events in Classical Greek and beyond. Adopting a cognitive approach to the issue, he argues that the use of the present for preterite depends on the activation of implicit conceptual scenarios in which the gap between the past and the present is bridged. The book is distinguished from previous accounts by its precision in describing these conceptual scenarios, the combination of linguistic theorising with philological and statistical methods, the size of the corpus under investigation and the explicitly cross-linguistic scope. It provides a complete overview of the phenomenon of tense switching in Classical Greek, as well as new theoretical perspectives on deixis and viewpoint, and is important for classicists, narratologists and linguists of every stamp. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Kierkegaard on Self, Ethics, and Religion
Authors: Fremstedal Roe
Published: January 2022

Many of Søren Kierkegaard's most controversial and influential ideas are more relevant than ever to contemporary debates on ethics, philosophy of religion and selfhood. Kierkegaard develops an original argument according to which wholeheartedness requires both moral and religious commitment. In this book, Roe Fremstedal provides a compelling reconstruction of how Kierkegaard develops wholeheartedness in the context of his views on moral psychology, meta-ethics and the ethics of religious belief. He shows that Kierkegaard's influential account of despair, selfhood, ethics and religion belongs to a larger intellectual context in which German philosophers such as Kant and Fichte play crucial roles. Moreover, Fremstedal makes a solid case for the controversial claim that religion supports ethics, instead of contradicting it. His book offers a novel and comprehensive reading of Kierkegaard, drawing on important sources that are little known.