bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representative applications of dynamic-programming in different fields: Analysis on problems of shortest-path, 0/1 knapsack and longest common sub-sequence
Authors: Zheng Ziyang Chia
Published: September 2024

This article mainly focuses on exploring the current application status, concrete things implemented by dynamic programming and advantages of dynamic programming in problems (the concept and operation of dynamic programming and the role it plays in programs) in different fields, future development trends and areas for improvement. It also introduces the gaps and problems currently encountered by dynamic programming, then provides corresponding solutions to make it more helpful and efficient in the future. In this regard, by consulting different references and online resources written by previous scientists, it finds out that they all have different points of view on dynamic programming and different solutions to its shortcomings. In the current research, dynamic programming is the most widely used algorithm with few limitations that can achieve the global optimal solution at any time; however, it does not mean that it can achieve the local optimal solution at any time, which also indirectly results in the memory space it requires being larger than other optimization algorithms. After analyzing the literature and researching and testing multiple applications, it is obvious that dynamic programming can make the code run easier and faster than traditional methods, even though it will take up more space.
A review of physical heat dissipation methods for 3D integrated technology
Authors: Li Chengxuan
Published: September 2024

Three-dimensional integrated circuits have higher integration than two-dimensional integrated circuits, and can obtain higher performance and lower power consumption in a certain space. In order to fulfill higher efficiency, thermal management becomes particularly important in 3D integration technology. However, the traditional heat dissipation method cannot satisfy the heat dissipation needs of three-dimensional integrated circuits, which require better heat dissipation methods to be developed. This paper introduces the realization of three-dimensional integrated circuit using silicon via (TSV) technology, which allows the chip to be vertically stacked to transmit information. This paper summarizes the research methods and findings of three-dimensional integrated circuit heat dissipation in recent years, including thermal through silicon via (TTSV) and microchannel cooling. It also emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of both mehods, and the challenges faced in current research via an overview. The future research trend for both heat dissipation methods mainly consists of combining special algorithms to achieve thermal-electrical codesign and thermal management of three-dimensional integrated circuits.
Research on the structure and materials of 3D printing technology
Authors: Tang Conghao
Published: September 2024

Technologies for materials and construction using 3D printing have been rapidly developed in recent years due to its characteristics and properties. It is potentially the answer to future construction and the industrial design industry. 3D printing is a recent technology that consists of additive manufacturing, and using it can help increase efficiency, decrease human injury, decrease industrial waste, and decrease the time of construction. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the construction and material of 3D printing technology. This paper then concludes with some applications of the technology to show some of its uses. The paper also analyzes some directions for future progress. 3D-printing technology still has a long path to go through, and its development needs further discussion and arguments. The advantage of 3D printing technology is its high applicability and cost efficiency. However, this technology is new, and it lacks sufficient research. In the future, more improvement on the yield rate of this technology needs to be done.
Two-Dimensional Materials in Nanomaterials: Properties, Applications, and Prospects
Authors: Dai Wenyang
Published: September 2024

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention in nanomaterials research because of their unique physical and chemical properties. This paper examines the research background, core properties, main application areas, and future prospects of 2D materials. Through a systematic literature review and case studies, this paper summarizes the main advances and challenges in current 2D material research. The research methodology includes a literature review and case study analysis, aiming to uncover the potential of 2D materials in nanoelectronics, optoelectronic devices, energy storage, and biomedicine. The research questions address the fundamental properties of 2D materials, their practical applications, and strategies to overcome existing challenges. The results indicate that while 2D materials like graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit excellent electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, they still encounter significant challenges in material preparation, performance tuning, and environmental safety. This paper proposes potential solutions and predicts the future applications of 2D materials in emerging technologies. The conclusion asserts that with the continuous discovery of novel 2D materials and technological advancements, 2D materials will play a crucial role in science and industry.
A EFICÁCIA DO DIREITO À CRECHE E PRÉ-ESCOLA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOB A ÓTICA DO ORÇAMENTO PÚBLICO
Authors: DE CARVALHO MOREIRA CIBELLE NUNES
Published: September 2024

O Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) decidiu, em Recurso Extraordinário n.º 1.008.166/SC de setembro de 2022, que o direito à educação básica, incluída a educação infantil, possui eficácia plena e aplicabilidade imediata, sendo, portanto, exigível do poder público a oferta do referido direito judicialmente. Objetiva-se investigar de que forma a decisão é exequível do ponto de vista orçamentário. Foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa por revisão de literatura e estudo de caso. Para a coalizão entre o direito à educação infantil e o orçamento, sugere-se, ao final, um cadastramento anual a ser desenvolvido pelos municípios, possibilitando aos pais das crianças, na faixa etária da educação infantil, a manifestação de interesse na matrícula para o ano letivo seguinte, o que viabilizaria a inclusão da demanda nas leis orçamentárias seguintes.
CONTROLE DA INVESTIGAÇÃO CRIMINAL PELO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO: PERSPECTIVAS PARA O DIREITO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Amorim de Oliveira Marcus Vinícius
Published: September 2024

O Ministério Público é a instituição responsável pela seleção dos casos criminais. Para isso, é fundamental exercer um controle efetivo sobre o output e principalmente o input dos casos no sistema. Nesse sentido, a partir de um estudo da estrutura de investigação no Tribunal Penal Internacional, são analisadas as demandas de controle sistêmico. Assim, propõe-se um modelo que confere mais racionalidade e flexibilidade na gestão dos casos pelo Ministério Público, que centralizará o registro de notícias de crime e decidirá se uma investigação policial poderá correr sem sua supervisão, sob sua supervisão ou se excepcionalmente conduzirá ele mesmo a investigação.
On the formation of a group of increased risk for patients with several microelementosis
Authors: Горшков В.В. , Рустембекова С.А. , Шарипова М.М.
Published: September 2024

Цель. Оценить возможную динамику развития у пациента некоторого симптома, с которым ассоциируются два или более микроэлементозов (МТОЗов), и возможность мягкой коррекции средствами природного происхождения.Методы. Методы классической теории вероятностей.Результаты. Если одновременно обнаруживаются сразу два МТОЗа, то вероятность того, что у пациента присутствует симптом Ai, может быть выше либо ниже, обнаружен тот из них, для которого эта вероятность больше, чем для другого. Это противоречит ранее существовавшим представлениям о том, что увеличение числа МТОЗов, связанных с одним и тем же симптомом, всегда сопровождается возрастанием вероятности того, что у пациента присутствует именно этот симптом. Заключение. Вывод: наличие двух или более МТОЗов, указывающих на один и тот же симптом, хоть и повышает степень достоверности некоторого симптома, но не должно рассматриваться достаточным для оценки динамики данного симптома. Все же такой расчет представляет практический интерес для врача, проводящего коррекцию микроэлементоза.

Aim. Assess the probability of the patient having some symptom associated with two or more microelementoses (MTOS), given the probabilities of the presence of the same symptom associated with each of these MTOs separately. Methods. Methods of classical probability theory. Results. If two MTOS are detected at the same time, then the probability that the patient has symptom Ai may be higher than if any one of them was detected, or lower than if one of them was detected for which this probability is greater than for another. This contradicts the original notion that an increase in the number of MTOs associated with the same symptom is always accompanied by an increase in the likelihood that the patient has this particular symptom. Conclusion. The presence of two or more MTOS indicating the same symptom, although it increases the degree of certainty of the presence (confidence in the presence) of a certain symptom (based on the logic of plausible reasoning), but should not be considered sufficient for making a diagnosis and needs additional verification.
Microbiology, Treatment, and Postoperative Outcomes of Gram-Negative Prosthetic Joint Infections—A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Gonzalez Marcos R. , Gonzalez Julian , Patel Roshan V. , Werenski Joseph O. , Lizcano Juan D. ,   Gram-negative PJI Collaborative Group, Lozano-Calderon Santiago A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Gram-negative prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) represent 10% to 25% of all PJIs and are associated with worse outcomes than gram-positive infections. We sought to assess the microbiology, surgical treatment, and outcomes of patients with gram-negative PJIs.

Methods:

A systematic review using the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted. Our study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Included studies were assessed for quality using the STROBE checklist. The primary outcome of analysis was treatment failure.

Results:

A total of 593 patients with gram-negative PJIs were included. Two-year survival free of treatment failure for hip and knee PJIs was 66% and 68% for acute infections, 39% and 78% for acute hematogenous infections, and 75% and 63% for chronic infections, respectively. Two-year survival free of treatment failure for acute infections treated with débridement, antibiotics, and implant retention was 65% and 67% for hip and knee PJIs, respectively. Exchange of the polyethylene during débridement, antibiotics, and implant retention was associated with higher treatment success (P = 0.045). Chronic PJIs treated with two-stage revision had a two-year treatment success rate of 87% and 65% for the hip and knee, respectively. Risk factors of treatment failure were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and C-reactive protein ≥30 mg/L in acute PJIs and female sex, knee infection, and previously revised implant in chronic PJIs. Acute PJIs caused by Pseudomonas spp. were associated with lower treatment failure rates.

Conclusion:

Gram-negative PJIs are associated with a high treatment failure rate. Patient comorbidities, preoperative biochemical tests, microorganism etiology, and PJI characteristics affected the treatment success rate.
Impact of Extended Prophylactic Antibiotics on Risk of Prosthetic Joint Infection in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Kubsad Sanjay , Collins Andrew P. , Dasari Suhas P. , Chansky Howard A. , Fernando Navin D. , Hernandez Nicholas M.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Extended oral prophylactic antibiotics have been increasingly used in arthroplasty with the goal of reducing the risk of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). While a reduction in the rate of PJI has been noted with extended oral antibiotic regimens in high-risk patients, no large database study has assessed infection risk after primary total hip arthroplasty among well-balanced cohorts receiving and not receiving postoperative extended oral antibiotics.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a national database, TriNetX, to identify patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty. This cohort was stratified by oral antibiotic prescription within one day of procedure. A one-to-one propensity score matching based on age, sex, class of obesity, and medical comorbidities was conducted. Outcomes explored in this study were 90-day risk of PJI, superficial skin infection, deep skin infection, and all-cause revision.

Results:

90-day postoperative infection complications of PJI were higher in the group receiving antibiotics (hazard ratio: 1.83, P-value = 0.012). Other complications such as superficial skin infection, deep skin infection, and all-cause revision showed no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion:

This database analysis of 5,476 patients demonstrated no decrease in complications of PJI, superficial or deep skin infection, or revision at 90 days. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of extended oral antibiotics.

Level of evidence:

III
The Viability and Success of Noncemented Kinematic Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Flanagan Sydney , Stanila Thomas , Schmitt Daniel , Brown Nicholas
Published: September 2024

Background:

The prevalence of noncemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing as personalized knee alignment strategies deviate from implanting components on a strict mechanical axis. This retrospective study evaluated the outcomes of 74 consecutive noncemented unrestricted kinematic TKA procedures.

Methods:

This study included 74 consecutive noncemented kinematic TKAs performed by one surgeon at a tertiary academic medical center from 2021 to 2023. The technique used was unrestricted femur-first caliper kinematic TKA. The outcomes included revision, pain scores, and radiographic measurements.

Results:

Of the 74 procedures performed, there were no revisions or readmissions for problems related to TKA. The mean follow-up was 17.6 months, with 74% of patients being followed up for more than 1 year postoperatively. On the day of surgery, postoperative measurements showed that the average tibial mechanical, distal femoral, and anatomic tibiofemoral angles were 3.3°, 7.7°, and 5.8°, respectively. 5 knees were observed initially with signs of radiolucency, which all resolved by the most recent appointment. None of the knees was radiographically loose. Of the patients, 65%, 19%, and 16% reported no pain, minimal pain, and some pain, respectively, at the 6-week follow-up visit. This improved to 78%, 19%, and 3% at the most recent follow-up.

Conclusion:

Combining kinematic alignment with noncemented fixation showed excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes with short-term survivorship. Although the use of both kinematic alignment and noncemented TKAs has been controversial, these early data suggest that noncemented kinematic TKA is safe and effective.
Transportation Barriers in Pediatric Orthopaedic Clinic Visits
Authors: Hauschild Maia H. , Wren Tishya A. L. , Chavez Michelle , Omar Hanna , Goldstein Rachel Y.
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

To identify what transportation barriers pediatric patients face when traveling to a major metropolitan orthopaedic center, how these barriers affect care, and what changes can be made to address this issue.

Study Design:

A cross-sectional transportation survey was administered to 107 caregivers of patients being seen in the orthopaedic clinic at a tertiary children's hospital in a large metropolitan area. Using logistic regression analysis, we compared socioeconomic characteristics, transportation methods, and scheduling practices among caregivers who reported missing at least one visit in the past and those who reported never missing a visit.

Results:

13% (14/108) of caregivers reported missing one or more past visits due to late arrival or transportation issues. Families that traveled more than 45 minutes to clinic (P = 0.04), waited more than one week to schedule a visit (P = 0.002), or reported difficulty scheduling a visit (P = 0.02) were significantly more likely to have a history of nonattendance. In addition, patients who were nonambulatory (P = 0.007), used a mobility device (P = 0.007), or were non-White (P < 0.05) were significantly more likely to have missed a visit.

Conclusion:

Travel time, difficult or delayed scheduling, and patient ambulatory status were all associated with missing orthopaedic clinic visits although other socioeconomic factors were not related. Interventions to improve orthopaedic clinic attendance should focus on promoting accessibility for patients with mobility limitations and encouraging simple and timely scheduling practices.
Efficacy Comparison of Low Level Laser Treatment with Muscle Energy Procedure Among Diabetic Patients Suffering from Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Qureshi Abdul Samad , Hussain Tanweer , Tunio Muhammad Zaib , Aleem Muhammad Arshad , Abideen Zain Ul
Published: September 2024

Frozen shoulder incidence in diabetic patient is twice as high as normal controls. There are various conventional as well as electrotherapies for its treatment within which low-level laser therapy versus muscle energy technique are well debated for efficacy in diabetic patients frozen shoulder. Objective: Comparative analysis of effectiveness of low-level laser therapy and muscle energy technique among diabetic patients with frozen shoulder. The study design was comparative study. The Place and Duration of Study was Department of Orthopaedic, Indus Medical College, Tando Muhammad Khan from 1st January 2023 to 30th June 2023. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients who were having diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2) and suffering from frozen shoulders were enrolled. The conventional therapeutic exercise included exercises like pendulum, arm overhead, finger wall ladder, twisting arm outwards, overhead pulley, cross-body reach exercises, hand behind-back exercise and outward rotation exercise. Muscle energy technique was administered in cases where restriction in shoulder flexion, as well as abduction, external rotation was observed. Results: There were 59% females and 41% males with majority being within the age group of 45-65 years. It was observed that there was a significant variance between pain scores at pretreatment and post treatment stages with highest value decrease observed in muscle energy technique group II. The ROM was least improved in control group only treated through conventional protocol. Conclusions: The Muscle energy technique is slightly more effective than low-level laser therapy technique in terms of pain, inflammation reduction and angular movements.
Serum ferritin level in children with normal hemoglobin and low MCV and MCH in a hospital in Iraq
Authors: Ibrahim Thaer , habeeb Hailah
Published: September 2024

Background: Iron deficiency is common around the world, particularly in young people because of their elevated need for iron to grow and develop. Iron deficiency is demonstrated by low levels of serum ferritin. This research will investigate the level of serum ferritin in children with normal hemoglobin but low MCV and MCH, the purpose of this is to determine the degree to which subclinical iron deficiency is present and distinguish it from other causes of microcytosis. Method: 150 children with typical hemoglobin but low MCV and MCH were recruited recognizing subordinate iron deficiency. Blood samples and demographic information regarding sociological aspects were collected and assessed. A computerized hematology analyzer and an ELISA were both used to assess the level of haemoglobin in the blood and the serum level of ferritin. Results: Children with normal hemoglobin but low MCV and MCH had a mean hemoglobin level of 12.7±0.6 mg/ dl and a serum ferritin level of 86.5±7 ng/ ml, according to the study. The levels of serum ferritin and hemoglobin changed significantly, depending on the sociodemographic variables. Among the pediatric population, the levels of serum ferritin and hemoglobin were significantly higher (P-value 0.002). Conclusion: In children with typical hemoglobin, but low MCV and MCH, the sociodemographic factors are strongly associated with the hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. Gender, birth order, and family size—children under the age of 10 years— had an effect on the serum level of ferritin. The age, birthdate, and the time of supplemental food consumption also had an effect on hemoglobin levels. These findings demonstrate the necessity of recognizing and treating iron deficiency early on in life.
A general class of generating functions through group theoretic approach and its applications
Authors: Chauhan SS , Chauhan Shailendra Singh
Published: September 2024

In the present paper, we introduce a general class of generating functions involving the product of modified Bessel polynomials 𝑌𝛼+𝑛(. ) and the confluent hypergeometric function ⬚𝐹⬚(. ) and then, obtain its some more 1 1 general class of generating functions by group-theoretic approach and discuss their applications.
ICT Development Index and Its Role in the FDI - Growth Nexus: Evidence from G-20 Economies
Authors:   University of Delhi, Delhi, India, Yadav Ashutosh , Moni Madhavi K. , Chhabra Shilpi , Singh Shailu , Hazarika Ishan Kashyap
Published: September 2024

The collective GDP of the G20 nations constitutes over 80% of the global GDP, making them pivotal recipients of significant economic investments in various forms including foreign direct investments. This study delves into the dynamic interplay of ICT development and foreign direct investment (FDI) and GDP nexus among the G20 economies. A comprehensive index is constructed using PCA to gauge ICT development across economies. The study further examines the relationships among FDI, ICT development, and GDP using panel data spanning from 2000 to 2019. The study finds that in the absence of interaction, FDI alone does not exhibit a statistically significant impact on GDP. However, considering the interaction between FDI and ICT, a nuanced pattern emerges. The study discerns that the influence of FDI on GDP is contingent upon the maturity of a country's ICT sector. This suggests the need for policymakers to adopt a more focused approach, tailoring strategies to leverage the interdependence of FDI and ICT for optimal economic growth.
Explaining Implausible Results in Shadow Economy Estimation Using MIMIC Models
Authors:   Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czech Republic, Martina Smrčková, Karel Brůna Martina , Brůna Karel
Published: September 2024

For decades, economists have been trying to estimate the magnitude of the shadow economy (SE), which is not directly observable. This paper explores how the MIMIC (Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause) model can yield estimates of the SE/GDP (the proportion of the SE to the gross domestic product) below 0%, above 100%, and other implausible results. The focus is on the new calibration methods by Dell’Anno (2022) and data on the Czech Republic (1993–2021). The paper concludes that one of the leading causes of implausible results is the misalignment between the SE definition implied by the MIMIC model and that used for the exogenous estimates applied for calibration. Therefore, the authors propose testing the alignment between the SE definitions, such as assessing trends in the latent variable (first-stage scores) resulting from the MIMIC model and the exogenous estimates or applying regression or correlation analysis.
Modelling Risk Dependencies in Insurance Using Survival Clayton Copula
Authors:   University of Economics in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia, Mucha Vladimír , Páleš Michal , Teplanová Patrícia
Published: September 2024

Our aim in this paper is to show the use of survival Clayton copula as a suitable tool for modelling risk dependencies in insurance. A purpose-built simulation of an adequate upper tail dependence can be an important part of the aggregation of risks in an insurer’s internal models. The occurrence of extreme values of the aggregate random variable might have a very negative impact on the insurer when securing coverage of unexpected losses. The upper conditional quantile exceedance probability of the copula is a suitable indicator. In addition an analysis of its effect on the level of modelling of the risk scenario is available. This effect is measured using the Tail Value at Risk of the aggregate random variable. To simplify our description of the given principle for aggregating risks we will in this paper only consider the two-dimensional case. The programming language R was used to simulate the values of the joint distribution of the marginal random variables.
Pengimplementasian Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (SAP) Berbasis Akrual Terhadap Kualitas Penyajian Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah
Authors: Rohmadira Aditya  , Mohamad Djasuli  , Muhamad Arief Priambadha  , Akhmad Abimanyu  , Rafly Ardiansyah
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis mengenai penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (SAP) berbasis akrual yang terdapat dalam PP Nomor 71 Tahun 2010. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah standar akuntansi pemerintah dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dalam penyajian laporan keuangan pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan berbagai referensi. Adapun manfaat penlitian ini dapat memperluas wawasan pembaca khususnya Masyarakat umum maupun SKPD mengenai apakah Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (SAP) berbasis akrual dapat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas dalam penyajian laporan keuangan pemerintah serta apakah implementasi dari PP 71 Tahun 2010 telah tercermin kedalam penyajian laporan keuangan pemerintah. Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan subjektif menganai implementasi SAP berbasis akrual dari penelitian terdahulu, yang telah membuktikan bahwasanya SAP telah tercerminkan kedalam penyajian laporan keuangan pemerintah. Namun dalam penerpanya terdapat beberapa faktor penunjang lain dalam proses pengimpletasianya agar SAP dapat lebih efektif pengguanaanya dalam menyajikan laporan keuangan pemerintah yang andal, relevan, dapat dibandingkan, dan mudah dipahami, salah satunya adalah faktor SDM, Faktor tekonlogi, faktor pengendalian internal.dan beberapa faktor lainya.
HUKUM WARIS DALAM HUKUM ANTAR TATA HUKUM INTERN DAN HUKUM ANTAR TATA HUKUM EKSTERN
Authors: Silfy Maidianti  , Liza Nofianti
Published: September 2024

Manusia akan mati suatu hari, dan akan meninggalkan warisan bagi ahli warisnya. Cara pembagian harta warisan ini beraneka ragam, dapat ditentukan dari agama, suku, golongan penduduk, atau kewarganegaraan si pewaris. Yang dapat menjadi ahli waris bukan hanya anggota keluarga si pewaris, orang yang bukan merupakan anggota keluarga si pewaris juga dapat menjadi ahli waris apabila si pewaris membuat surat wasiat yang menyatakan demikian. Penulis menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dalam tulisan ini. Kesimpulannya adalah menurut Hukum Antar Tata Hukum Intern dan Hukum Antar Tata Hukum Ekstern, pewarisan diatur oleh hukum waris si pewaris.
ON THE ISSUE OF THE CAPACITY OF THE CURRICULUM OF MODERN COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL
Authors: Sukhanova T.V.
Published: September 2024

The article presents the author’s view on the concept of “curriculum capacity”, which is understood as the maximum amount of educational time provided for achieving educational results, taking into account the amount of time for lessons, extracurricular educational activities and independent (home) study work in all academic subjects (courses) during a certain academic period. The formula for calculating the value of the indicator is proposed, examples of the relationship between the capacity of the school curriculum and operational (for 1 year) and long-term (for several years or for the level of general education) planning of the educational process are given. It is shown that in the process of selecting the content of education, the curriculum capacity sets the framework within which the distribution of teaching time between subjects, the development of programs and textbooks take place in the future.
TRAINING TEACHING STAFF IN ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY OF SCHOOLCHILDREN BY MEANS OF GAME PRACTICE: REVIEW OF RESOURCES AND METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Kutukova O.G. , Ryzhova N.I. , Tralkova N.B. , Fedorova Yu.V. , Nasikan I.V.
Published: September 2024

In the era of digital transformation of Russian education and society it is important to improve the professional qualifications of teaching staff in the field of ensuring information security for schoolchildren in the context of preventing the impact of information and cyber threats. The article describes a targeted review of scientific and methodological developments, Internet resources and real experience in using gaming resources on this issue in terms of solving problems of information security and preventing addictive behavior of children in the information space from a practical point of view, indicating the advantages and disadvantages of resources. In this context, it is important to introduce into practice the interactive didactic game “This is not a game” developed at the Academy of the Ministry of Education of Russia – an effective means of increasing the professional competence of teachers in the field of information security using the simulation method. The practical significance of the issues described in the article lies in a detailed description of teacher training models using the “This is not a game” didactic kit.
INFORMATION DIVERSITY IN THE CONTEXT OF STUDENTS’ SELF-EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Matveeva M.S. , Rezinkina L.V.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes important aspects of information diversity and self-education activities of students in the context of modern education. The influence of the accessibility of educational sources on the process of self-education is considered, as well as the role of modern technologies in the educational process and their impact on the development of critical thinking and students’ ability to evaluate information. Aspects hindering students’ self-education activities in the context of information diversity are identified, including psychological, social, and cultural factors. The choice of self-education strategy in conditions of information diversity is problematized. Various educational methods and strategies aimed at stimulating the development of critical thinking and increasing information literacy among students are discussed. A study was conducted to analyze the types and opportunities of information resources, key factors shaping the process of selection and use by students, including examining the relationship between students’ level of digital literacy and their ability to critically evaluate the credibility and quality of information on the internet. The research revealed that students with higher levels of digital literacy tend to more actively and purposefully utilize various information resources to achieve their educational goals. The conclusions of the article can be useful for the development and improvement of educational programs, including supplementary materials and methodologies, taking into account modern challenges and the needs of students in the information society.
Overview: US Policy on Open Access and Open Data
Authors: Barba Lorena A
Published: September 2024

US federal policies are transforming research accessibility. Learn how the Holdren and Nelson memos are shaping open access and the NSF's implementation.
Personalized medicine and opioid use disorder
Authors: Kaya-Akyüzlü Dilek
Published: September 2024

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Although OUD is a chronic and relapsing disorder, a variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are available. Medication-assisted treatment of OUD generally relies on competition for opioid receptors against the addictive substance. The mechanisms of this competition are to block or inactivate the opioid receptor or activate the receptor with a substance that is intermittent or long acting. Methadone and buprenorphine are two United States Food and Drug Administration-approved medications that have long-term positive effects on the health of opioid-dependent individuals. Although clinical studies of drugs generally demonstrate efficacy in thousands of people and toxicity is excluded, it cannot be predicted whether the given drug will cause side effects in one of the patients at the treatment dose. Individual differences can be explained by many biological and environmental factors. Variations in genes encoding drug metabolism or cellular drug targets significantly explain the variability in drug response between individuals. Therefore, for the effects of candidate genes to be accepted and included in individual treatment protocols, it is important to repeat studies on individuals of different ethnic backgrounds and prove a similar effect.
Classification of musical hallucinations and the characters along with neural-molecular mechanisms of musical hallucinations associated with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Lian Xin , Song Wei , Si Tian-Mei , Lian Naomi Zheng
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Musical hallucinations (MH) involve the false perception of music in the absence of external stimuli which links with different etiologies. The pathomechanisms of MH encompass various conditions. The etiological classification of MH is of particular importance and offers valuable insights to understand MH, and further to develop the effective treatment of MH. Over the recent decades, more MH cases have been reported, revealing newly identified medical and psychiatric causes of MH. Functional imaging studies reveal that MH activates a wide array of brain regions. An up-to-date analysis on MH, especially on MH comorbid psychiatric conditions is warranted.

AIM

To propose a new classification of MH; to study the age and gender differences of MH in mental disorders; and neuropathology of MH.

METHODS

Literatures searches were conducted using keywords such as “music hallucination,” “music hallucination and mental illness,” “music hallucination and gender difference,” and “music hallucination and psychiatric disease” in the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. MH cases were collected and categorized based on their etiologies. The t -test and ANOVA were employed (P < 0.05) to compare the age differences of MH different etiological groups. Function neuroimaging studies of neural networks regulating MH and their possible molecular mechanisms were discussed.

RESULTS

Among the 357 yielded publications, 294 MH cases were collected. The average age of MH cases was 67.9 years, with a predominance of females (66.8% females vs 33.2% males). MH was classified into eight groups based on their etiological mechanisms. Statistical analysis of MH cases indicates varying associations with psychiatric diagnoses.

CONCLUSION

We carried out a more comprehensive review of MH studies. For the first time according to our knowledge, we demonstrated the psychiatric conditions linked and/or associated with MH from statistical, biological and molecular point of view.
Burdened breaths: The influence of depression on obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Wang Xiao , Song Shao-Ming , Yue Hong-Mei
Published: September 2024

Depression and metabolic syndrome could exacerbate the risks of the other, leading to a series of severe coexisting conditions. One notable comorbidity that must be mentioned is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Current studies suggested that depression increases susceptibility to OSA. As the prevalence of depression rises, it becomes critical to prevent and manage its complications or comorbidities, including OSA. Predictive models, non-invasive electroencephalogram monitoring, genetic research, and other promising technologies are being applied to the prevention, diagnosis, and personalized treatment of depression and OSA.
Why Tata Nano Failed? From Ascent to Ashes: Unraveling the Tata Nano Saga – A Chronicle of Triumph, Tragedy, and Missteps
Authors: Singh Swatanshu Shekhar
Published: September 2024

The Tata Nano launched in 2008 was initially marketed as the world's cheapest car, designed to provide an affordable transportation solution for the masses in India. It was a revolutionary concept that aimed to bring mobility to a wider segment of the population. Ratan Tata, the former Chairman of Tata Sons, envisioned the Nano as a symbol of innovation and social impact. Under his leadership, Tata Motors endeavored to create a compact, economical car that could transform the way people in India commuted. The global ambition of the Nano was to showcase India's engineering capabilities and demonstrate how a low-cost, frugal design approach could result in a groundbreaking product. Ratan Tata's vision extended beyond the domestic market, aiming to position the Nano as a viable option for consumers worldwide. However, despite the initial hype and anticipation surrounding the Nano, various factors contributed to its failure in the Indian market. Issues such as quality concerns, safety perceptions, marketing challenges, and changing consumer preferences played a significant role in the Nano's inability to meet sales expectations and establish a sustainable presence in the automotive industry. Ratan Tata made a roapmap to sell Minimum of 3 lacs of Tata Nano car in the first Years, but the reality is Tata Nano couldn’t cross the selling of 3 lacs units even after 8 years, before its get retired. Keywords: Anticipation, Envisioned, Groundbreaking, Innovation, Revolutionary
Sarcasm Detection on Social Media: Addressing the Issues of Short and Long Texts Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Sharma Mansi , Kushwaha Raksha , Srivastava Mr. Amit
Published: September 2024

Sarcasm is a linguistic term that conveys a meaning that is different from what is meant to be said, frequently used to mock, taunt, or convey disdain. Sarcasm is a complicated social phenomenon that can be recognized by its tone of voice, exaggeration, or context. Because sarcastic discourse is nuanced, detecting sarcasm in Natural Language Processing (NLP) has become a major difficulty. This paper thoroughly examines the tradition machine learning approaches like SVM, Naive Bayes and Random Forest well as advanced deep learning methods such as RNN, LSTM, and transformer based models, like BERT, that has demonstrated superior performance used for sarcasm detection, and also the paper offers more sophisticated data preprocessing techniques that comprise several stages, each focusing on a different facet of the fragmented and informal character of the social media material. It focuses mainly on short and long texts that may be found in news headlines and social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly known as Twitter), and others. The paper also explores various challenges like cultural and linguistic barriers, and increased use of audio and visual sarcastic content on social media. At last paper concludes with possible guidelines for future works including the development of real-time, multilingual systems to examining holistic strategies that can encompass the complexity of sarcasm in multimodal communications. Key Words: sarcasm, NLP, social media, machine learning, deep learning
PENGARUH SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING, BRAND IMAGE DAN BRAND AWARENESS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SCARLETT WHITENING
Authors: Indriani Lisma , Harahap Kartini
Published: September 2024

Customer decision in selecting and purchasing a particular brand are influenced by various factors like social media marketing, brand image, and brand awareness. This study is focused on examining how social media marketing, brand image, and brand awareness impact the decision-making process for purchasing Scarlett Whitening products. The research employs a quantitative methodology with an associative approach. Data analysis involves testing for validity, reliability, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing. The study's results indicate that social media marketing, brand image, and brand awareness each have a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions for Scarlett Whitening products, both independently and together.
Factors associated with six-minute walk distance among Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims
Authors:   Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University – Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Ardiana Meity , Puspitasari A'rofah Nurlina ,   Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University – Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Puspitasari Primasitha Maharani ,   Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University – Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Ghea Cornelia ,   Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University – Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Saputri Ovin Nada ,   Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: September 2024

The Hajj pilgrimage is a physically demanding religious rite that is associated with the health status of pilgrims. Several factors are associated with functional limitations. We aimed to determine the relationship between clinical data and six-minute walk test (6-MWT) findings. The 6-MWT is a measure of functional capacity that is routinely applied to Indonesian pilgrim candidates before they embark on the Hajj. This cross-sectional study analysed Indonesian Hajj pilgrimage data obtained from 2,933 participants before their departure for the Hajj in 2022. The data included participants’ characteristics, laboratory results, and six-minute walk findings. The resulting aggregates were analysed using Pearson correlations. Serum creatinine significantly correlated with 6-MWT findings (r = 0.003; p <0.05). Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) values and platelet counts were significantly associated with 6-MWT results (r = 0.101 and 0.038, respectively; p <0.05). Serum creatinine, LDL-C, and platelet values were associated with increased 6-MWT, indicating a correlation with functional capacity among Hajj pilgrims.
Health-seeking practices and prostate cancer screening decisions among black men in the United States, Nigeria, and Cameroon
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA, Bolajoko Opeyemi , Oladosu Gbenga ,   Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, Oladoyinbo Catherine ,   Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, Odedina Folakemi ,   Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
Published: September 2024

Health-seeking practices are important for prostate cancer (CaP) screening and control. There is evidence of differences in the health practices of Black men (BM) worldwide; however, the comparison between BM’s health-seeking practices in the United States and those in Africa has not been fully elucidated. This study evaluates health-seeking practices and willingness to screen for CaP among BM in Nigeria, Cameroon, and their relatives in the United States. CaPTC family cohort study phase 1 data of 500 community-dwelling black men in Nigeria, Cameroon, and the United States 35 and 70 years were used. The association between health-seeking practices and willingness to screen for CaP was evaluated. The associations between health-seeking practices and the willingness to screen for CaP were evaluated. The majority (83.8%) reported no medical consultation in the last 12 months, and the country of residence did not improve physician visits (p= 0.378). Healthcare insurance coverage was more available to the United States participants (68.4%), 42.9% in Nigeria, and 16.7% in Cameroon. Overall willingness to screen, willingness for digital rectal examination, and prostate-specific antigen screening were significantly associated with the country of residence with p-values of 0.02, <0.01, and <0.01, respectively. United States participants showed more willingness to screen. Healthcare coverage was also associated with overall willingness to screen (p=0.033). The study showed that country of residence was not associated with physician consultation but was significantly associated with willingness for CaP screening and healthcare insurance coverage.
Efficacy of a Religious-Based Slow Deep Breathing Technique in Reducing Postoperative Pain: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung karang, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia, Trisna Efa , Musiana Musiana ,   Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung karang, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia, Udani Giri ,   Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung karang, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia, Almurhan Almurhan ,   Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung karang, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
Published: September 2024

Non-pharmacological methods offer a noninvasive solution for postoperative pain reduction, enhancing patient quality of life, and expediting recovery post-surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in pain scale reduction in postoperative patients after administering slow deep breathing distraction-relaxation techniques with a religious approach. The design was experimental with pre- and post-tests by providing treatment to respondents using slow deep breathing exercises with a religious approach (the activity related to relaxation using sentences and special treatment explained in the data collection section) to postoperative patients. Pain scale scores ranged from 0 to 10. The total number of participants was 60 (laparotomy, mastectomy, or fracture surgery). A dependent t-test was used to analyse data . The pain scale score for patients after slow deep breathing surgery with a religious approach ranged from 4 to 10 on a numerical rating scale. The average reduction in pain scale score for patients after slow deep breathing surgery with a religious approach was 2.17 with a standard deviation of 0.994. The results of the statistical tests with the dependent t-test obtained a p-value of 0.000. This shows a significant reduction in pain levels among postoperative patients who perform slow deep breathing exercises with a religious approach. These findings suggest that this method is an effective and accessible way to manage postoperative pain. In conclusion, slow deep breathing with a religious approach is effective in reducing postoperative pain