bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Draft Genome of the Invasive Walking Stick, Medauroidea extradendata, Reveals Extensive Lineage-Specific Gene Family Expansions of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in Phasmatodea
Authors: Brand Philipp , Lin Wei , Johnson Brian R
Published: March 2018

Plant cell wall components are the most abundant macromolecules on Earth. The study of the breakdown of these molecules is thus a central question in biology. Surprisingly, plant cell wall breakdown by herbivores is relatively poorly understood, as nearly all early work focused on the mechanisms used by symbiotic microbes to breakdown plant cell walls in insects such as termites. Recently, however, it has been shown that many organisms make endogenous cellulases. Insects, and other arthropods, in particular have been shown to express a variety of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in many gene families with the ability to break down all the major components of the plant cell wall. Here we report the genome of a walking stick, Medauroidea extradentata, an obligate herbivore that makes uses of endogenously produced plant cell wall degrading enzymes. We present a draft of the 3.3Gbp genome along with an official gene set that contains a diversity of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. We show that at least one of the major families of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, the pectinases, have undergone a striking lineage-specific gene family expansion in the Phasmatodea. This genome will be a useful resource for comparative evolutionary studies with herbivores in many other clades and will help elucidate the mechanisms by which metazoans breakdown plant cell wall components.
Особенности проложного жития св. Параскевы Эпиватской в стишных прологах литовской редакции
Authors: Самамодурова Юлия Сергеевна Сергеевна
Published: March 2018

Святая Параскева-Петка Эпиватская (Тырновская, Болгарская, Белградская, Сербская, Ясская, Влахийская, или Новая) поминается в церковном календаре 14 октября (в некоторых источниках — 13 октября). Эта святая второй половины X в. была родом из села Эпиват около города Калликратия в Восточной Фракии. В юности она покинула дом ради отшельничества в пустыне. Получив откровение о своей близкой кончине, она отправилась в Константинополь на поклонение святыням, а после в родные места, где и скончалась. Ее мощи после чудесного обретения были перенесены в церковь свв. Апостолов в Калликратии, где Параскева стала местночтимой святой. Уже в XI в. было создано житие святой Параскевы на греческом языке, которое не сохранилось, так как было признано “недостойным” и уничтожено по распоряжению Константинопольского патриарха Николая Музалона (1147–1151 гг.). Он же велел дьякону Василику создать новое житие по канонам византийской агиографии. Этот текст дошел до наших дней в переводе на церковно-славянский язык в составе Торжественника 1358–1359 гг. — т. н. Германова сборника [публикация: Мирчева 2006, 350–363]....Julija SamodurovaThe Features of the St. Parasceve from Epivat Hagiography in the “Lithuanian” Version of Versed SynaxarionThe comparative research of the St. Parasceve from Epivat hagiography is based on 21 manuscripts of Slavonic Synaxarion (20 Versed and 1 Non-Versed). The texts are categorized into 5 textological groups. The hagiography of St. Parasceve from Epivat from the Lithuanian edition of Versed Synaxarion, which represents a separate textological group of the St. Parasceve hagiography, is reproduced in the article. The article also specifies the distinctive features of other textological groups.Keywords: st. Parasceve, Versed Synaxarion, hagiography.
Некоторые проблемы словенской фразеографии (к выходу в свет первого фразеологического словаря словенского языка Янеза Кебера)
Authors: Коницкая Елена Михайловна Михайловна
Published: March 2018

В 2011 году в Любляне вышел в свет Slovar slovenskih frazemov — первый одноязычный словенский фразеологический словарь (далее — SSF), составленный Янезом Кебером, известным словенским фразеологом1. Это большое событие в словенской лексикографии, успешно развивающейся с конца ХХ в. во многих областях: в 1970–1991 гг. вышел Словарь словенского литературного языка (далее — SSKJ)2 , в 2001 г. — орфографический словарь [PS] (130000 слов), в 1977–2007 гг. — этимологический словарь Ф. Безлая [FB], а в 1997, 2003, 2009 гг. — этимологический словарь М. Сноя3 [MS]; с 90-х гг. XX в. выходят терминологические словари [Коницкая 1999, 251]; о бурном развитии этой области лексикографии говорит факт, что лишь за 2011 г. вышли словари: ботанический [BTS], фармацевтический [FTS], горнолыжного спорта [SSS]; выходили также диалектные словари4, появился первый том Словенского лингвистического атласа [SLA 2011]....Jelena KonickajaIssues in Slovene Phraseology: The Publication of the First Phraseological Dictionary of Slovene, by Janez KeberSignificant changes are occurring presently in phraseology as an area of linguistics, which are linked to new methods (attention to the concept of language world pattern, culturological and contrastive studies). The article examines several controversial solutions proposed in the first Slovene phraseological dictionary, which was issued in SRC of the Slovene Academy of Sciences in 2011 (Janez Keber, Slovar slovenskih frazemov). The article analyses variativity, synonymy, the establishment of phraseological meaning, and issues of the derivation of phraseologisms (idiom formation), as well as crosslinguistic parallels. The many instances of vagueness and contradictions found in Keber's dictionary point to the need for a deeper interpretation of issues regarding the description of phraseology and the development of a strict theoretical foundation. Moreover, the wide phraseological material in the dictionary and the general reworking of the theory of Sloмene phraseology allows one to hope for the publication of new specialized Slovene phraseological dictionaries.Keywords: Slovene phraseology, phraseological Dictionary, synonymy, idiom formation.
Tarmės Lietuvoje ir Slovėnijoje: sociolingvistinis tyrimas
Authors: Kiaušaitė Gabija
Published: March 2018

Sociolingvistiniai tyrimai yra būtini, norint stebėti, kaip kinta svarbiausias visuomenės komunikacinius poreikius tenkinantis veiksnys ir tautą vienijantis reiškinys — kalba ir jos atmainos [Karaliūnas 2008, 50–55]. Viena rezultatyviausių tyrimo formų yra reprezentatyvus anketavimas ir gautų atsakymų analizė. Sociolingvistinius pokyčius tam tikroje šalyje (visuomenėje) rodantys tyrimo rezultatai gali būti gretinami su pagal tą pačią metodiką atlikto sociolingvistinio tyrimo rezultatais kitoje šalyje (visuomenėje). Tai leidžia stebėti įvairias panašių (arba vienodų) šiuolaikinių globalinių procesų tendencijas ir rezultatus....Gabija KiaušaitėDialects in Lithuania and Slovenia: a Sociolinguistic StudyThe article is based on a detailed survey designed to discuss the dialect usage and attitudes in Lithuania and Slovenia. The sociolinguistic investigation strongly supported by quantitative data helped to compare the attitudes of Lithuanian and Slovenian respondents in specific speech communities, their social roles and communicative situations.It was found that Lithuanian dialects have a less overt prestige as compared to Slovenian dialect usage in the public and hometown area. Lithuanian attitudes toward their own and other dialects are much less positive. In addition to that, the quantitative data has revealed the differences in the attitude of Lithuanian and Slovenian inhabitants regarding the importance of dialect in connection with the national identity. The questionnaire was administered during March and April of 2012. It consisted of multiple choice questions. The respondents were asked to fill the questionnaire over the Internet.Overall, the survey of Lithuanian and Slovenian inhabitants shows that the process of urbanization may be affecting Lithuania much more than Slovenia, where a viable and significant variation of dialects is still observable.Keywords: sociolinguistic, dialects, Lithuanian, Slovenian.
Лексика прибалтийско-финского и балтийского происхождения в русских говорах Северо-Запада
Authors: Мызников Сергей А. А.
Published: March 2018

[full article, abstract in Russian; abstract in Lithuanian and English]

The problem of Baltic-Finnish, Baltic and Slavic (Russian) interaction has already been examined by us in various aspects: the differentiation of the Baltic-Finnish substratum in the North Russian dialects; the relationship of these Baltic and Baltic-Finnish origins in the Russian dialects of the Northwest; the Baltisms that are included in the Russian dialects through the medium of the Baltic-Finnish languages, etc.In this article, an attempt is made, on the basis of dialectal materials, to analyze the lexical units included in Russian dialects from the Baltic-Finnic languages with their final Baltsky source. The lexical data considered by us as lexemes of the Baltic-Finish origin are, in some cases, not native to this soil but represent earlier Baltic borrowings. These units of the Baltic-Finnish language continuum are its integral part; they often have a transformed form and semantics in comparison with the Baltic etymons. Later attempts were made either to expand or narrow the list of such units. Some of the lexemes of Baltic origin, being an integral part of the Baltic-Finnish continuum, had spread further to the North Russian dialects. This article gives examples of such mediated Baltics, which, due to the Baltic-Finnish nfluence, have spread widely in Russian dialects.
Псковские говоры в их синхронно-диахронных отношениях с соседними языками (к фиксации и исследованию)
Authors: Костючук Лариса Яковлевна Яковлевна
Published: March 2018

[full article, abstract in Russian; abstract in Lithuanian and English]

The collection and research of the Pskov folk speech have resulted in an understanding of the role of synchronic and diachronic relations of the Pskov dialect to its neighboring languages in the borderzone. Certain unique peculiarities of the Pskov dialect distinguish it from the East Slavic languages and all Russian dialects. The multi-faceted lexicographic work on the Pskov Regional Dictionary with Historical Data compels us to search for the explanation of specific dialectic aspects of certain words (кеп, всегли, мочигло, подпояхаться, приведи булку, etc.) and to find investigational solutions that change established academic judgments. Archaeological data are relevant for the study of the Pskovian ancestors’ contacts with the native speakers of other linguistic systems (Baltic and Finno-Ugrian in the first place). The 20th century has demonstrated that records of the folk speech throughout all stages of preservation must be accurate, as the consideration of even rare facts may lay the foundation of an important discovery and new theoretical conclusions. Lexicography reflects and preserves knowledge of the Pskov dialect’s past and present contacts with the Baltic and Finno-Ugrian people. Results of the academic research of unique aspects of the Pskov dialect (the lack of the second palatalization in bases кеп-, кев-, кед-; unusual consonant blends [гл], [кл]; the peculiar appearance of the sound [х]: мяхо, спрахывать; an exchange of sibilants and fricatives: суба “шуба”, etc.) have justified the special position of the dialect among East Slavic languages and all Russian dialects.
Редкие и уникальные элементы как инструмент исследователя былин
Authors: Новиков Юрий Александрович Александрович
Published: March 2018

[full article, abstract in Russian; abstract in Lithuanian and English]

The author of this article shows on concrete patterns how the systematization and analysis of rare or unique elements of Russian epic songs (bylinas) help in solving some scientific problems. Non-standard details, formulas, personal names serve as reliable indicators that the texts are changed by recorders or editors, that they are dependent on books or even falsified. Besides, they help to reveal variants related by birth and to determine their genealogic relationship. Often, they reflect details of early medieval history or life conditions, contain poetic forms similar to the literary monuments of ancient Russia.However, their analysis must be done on the background of all recorded texts of bylinas. Authors who use only limited variants of epic songs (V. P. Anikin, B. A. Rybakov and others) sometimes come to doubtful or erroneous conclusions.
Речь Посполитая (Польша, Русь и Литва) как Святая Троица: средневековая предыстория поэтического образа Платона Костецкого (1861)
Authors: Темчин Сергей Юрьевич Юрьевич
Published: March 2018

[full article, abstract in Russian; abstract in Lithuanian and English]

This paper focuses on a medieval parallel with the poetic image of Poland, Ruthenia and Lithuania as the Holy Trinity presented in the poem Nasza mołytwa (1861) composed in Ukrainian, although written in Polish script by the Galician journalist and writer Platon Kostec’kyj who was an adherent of the Jagiellonian idea. The parallel can be found in the Old Bulgarian apocryphal treatise Razumnik Ukaz. Its two versions have been preserved in Cyrillic manuscripts of the second half of the 14th through the mid-18th centuries. The corresponding passages of the two version are cited in the article in order to demonstrante that the second version coincides in some respects with the poetic image by Platon Kostec’kyj. It is quite possible that the author, who had been born to a family of a priest of the Eastern-rite Catholic Church, may have known the second version of Razumnik Ukaz and later used its ideas while compiling his poem Nasza mołytwa. This medieval parallel is useful for explaining the poetic image created in 1861.
Вспоминая В. Н. Чекмонаса
Authors: Гжибовский Стефан
Published: March 2018

[text in Russian]
К 90-летию проф. Л.Л. Касаткина
Authors: Морозова Надежда
Published: March 2018

...
Short-term effects of T-2 toxin or deoxynivalenol on glutathione status and expression of its regulatory genes in chicken
Authors: Nakade Mangesh , Pelyhe Csilla , Kövesi Benjámin , Balogh Krisztián , Kovács Balázs , Szabó-Fodor Judit , Zándoki Erika , Mézes Miklós , Erdélyi Márta
Published: March 2018

Short-term (48-hour) effects of 3.74/1.26 mg kg−1 T-2/HT-2 toxin or 16.12 mg kg−1 DON in feed were investigated in the liver of three-week-old cockerels (body weight: 749.60 ± 90.98 g). Markers of lipid peroxidation showed no significant changes. At hour 24, glutathione content in the T-2/HT-2 toxin group was significantly higher than in the control. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher than the control at hour 24 in the T-2/H-2 toxin group and at hour 48 in the DON group. In the DON group, expression of the glutathione peroxidase 4 gene (GPX4) was significantly lower than in the control at hours 12 and 14, and higher at hour 48. Expression of the glutathione reductase gene (GSR) was significantly lower than in the control at hour 12 in the T-2/HT-2 toxin group, and at hours 12, 24 and 48 in the DON group. However, at hour 36 higher GSR expression was measured in the DON group. Due to the effect of both trichothecenes, expression of the glutathione synthetase gene (GSS) was significantly lower than in the control at hours 24 and 48. In conclusion, T-2/HT-2 toxin and DON had a moderate short-term effect on free radical formation. T-2/HT-2 toxin induced more pronounced activation of the glutathione redox system than did DON.
Pulmonary hypertensive response of broiler chickens to arginine and guanidinoacetic acid under high-altitude hypoxia
Authors: Ahmadipour Behnam , Sharifi Mohammadreza , Khajali Fariborz
Published: March 2018

This study assessed the preventive effects of arginine (ARG) and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on the incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) in broiler chickens. Four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were prepared, including: (i) the control, (ii) the control supplemented with 1 g/kg ARG, (iii) the control supplemented with 1 g/kg GAA, and (iv) the control supplemented with 1.5 g/kg GAA. These diets were fed to broilers (Ross 308) from day 1 to 42 post-hatch. Criteria evaluated in the experiment were growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum and blood variables, lead-II electrocardiogram, and ET-1 and iNOS gene expression in heart and lungs. Mortality from PHS was recorded daily. The results showed that ARG and GAA supplements improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control (P < 0.05). Supplementation of ARG and GAA significantly (P < 0.05) increased serum nitric oxide (NO) concentration. ARG and GAA supplementation significantly reduced the haematocrit value and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in the blood. A significant (P < 0.05) decline in S-wave amplitude of the lead-II electrocardiogram, right to total ventricular weight ratio (RV:TV) and ascites mortality was observed by supplementing ARG or 1.5 g/kg GAA. Addition of ARG and GAA supplements did not significantly change ET-1 and iNOS gene expression in the heart and lung relative to the control. In conclusion, GAA supplementation at 1.5 g/kg had a potential to improve growth performance and could prevent PHS.
Italian quantitative sociolinguistics: Research directions
Authors: Iannàccaro Gabriele , Ciccolone Simone
Published: March 2018

The present paper deals with methodological aspects of Italian quantitative sociolinguistic research. It discusses a number of projects, showing the increasing vitality of this approach, which, despite being rooted in international mainstream research, displays considerable scientific novelty. Special attention is paid to the projects carried out by the Centre d’Études Linguistiques pour l’Europe (Milan), the Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, and the research group of the Atlante linguistico della Sicilia at the CSFLS. Within these projects the quantitative sociolinguistic approach is discussed in depth. New means of discussing the data are explored that go beyond their mere statistical presentation and offer ways of interpreting the linguistic reality of multilingual situations without the bias of possible previous assumptions by the researcher. Italian quantitative projects comprise large sociolinguistic polls conducted throughout Europe as well as more focused studies on specific multilingual situations. Particular emphasis will be given to the treatment of sociolinguistic data at both macro and micro levels of analysis. It will be shown that in Italian research, quantitative sociolinguistics always goes hand in hand with qualitative and dialectal research.
Introduction. Sociolinguistic research in Italy: A general outline
Authors: Alfonzetti Giovanna
Published: March 2018

After a brief description of the two previous Special Issues on Italian sociolinguistics (appeared both in the International Journal of the Sociology of Language in 1989 and 2011), a general overview of the main trends of today’s Italian sociolinguistic research is given. It is maintained that a relevant portion of linguistic research carried out in Italy during the last few decades falls almost entirely within the boundaries of sociolinguistics. Then an outline of the most relevant aspects of the Italian sociolinguistic situation is sketched, in order to highlight the main issues dealt with in Italian sociolinguistic studies. Much attention is paid to the Italian repertoire and to the studies focusing on the various dimensions of variation in the Italian language: i.e. the ongoing process of restandardization; the regional, social and functional varieties; spoken varieties of Italian; bu also historical sociolinguistics, linguistic policy, language and gender and so on. The paper will then give a brief summary of the various papers of the present Special issue.
Konstruksi Historis Hukum Pidana Islam (Formulasi Hukum Pidana Islam dalam Lintasan Sejarah)
Authors: Sam'un Sam'un
Published: March 2018

Abstrak: Pembaharuan hukum pidana Islam pada hakekatnya merupakan upaya ikhtiyar ijtihadiyah dalam melakukan rekontruksi, reorientarsi dan reformasi hukum pidana yang diharapkan terdapat sinergisitas dan kesesuaian antara tuntunan syari’at  dengan nilai-nilai sentral sosio politik,  sosio filosofis dan sosio kultural ummat Islam yang secara faktual tersebar diberbagai belahan dunia dan senantiasa berkembang secara dinamis sesuai dengan gerak zaman dan laju peradaban sejarah kehidupan manusia. Artikulasi dan ekspresi  ummat Islam dalam menerapkan hukum pidana Islam seringkali menunjukkan karakteristik yang berbeda dengan ketentuan dhahir nash syari’at ketika bersentuhan dengan realitas sosial- faktual yang terjadi di tengah-tengah masyarakat, hal tersebut dapat dilacak kesahehannya seperti yang pernah dilakukan oleh khalifah Umar bin Al-Khattab yang tidak memotong tangan pencuri karena kondisi masyarakat lagi paceklik. Hal tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai “ pembaharauan atau inovasi“ hukum pidana Islam dalam konteks reorientasi tafsir dan pemahaman hukum potong tangan bagi pencuri sebagaimana yang ditegaskan dalam al-Qur’an. Dengan demikian lacakan historis penerapan hukum pidana Islam mulai zaman Rasulullah Muhammad SAW hingga sekarang khususnya penerapan hukum pidana Islam yang diberlakukan di Nusantara (Indonesia) merupakan keharusan ilmiyah yang harus dilakukan guna memahami karakteristik pembaharuan hukum pidana Islam dari masa ke masa.Kata Kunci: Pembaharuan, hukum pidana Islam, historisitas, fenomenologis
Tindak Pidana Korupsi dan Sanksi Pidana Mati Perspektif Keadilan Hukum
Authors: Amirullah Amirullah
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Corruption is included as a crime which expands into a transnational crime, destroying the moral values of the nation, hampering and harming the development of the nation, a creation of a closed path of justice, prosperity and welfare of the Indonesian people. Death penalty is an option of criminal sanctions applied in the legal system in Indonesia. The death penalty attached and integrated in the legal system in Indonesia which was formerly influenced by the complexity of its background. At the philosophical level it shows that all legislations related to the formulation of corruption and death penalty have the background of moral values based on Pancasila as a philosophical footing. The death penalty of corruption in Indonesia within the perspective of a legal justice, contained in the formulation of Law No. 20 year 2001 about the Amendment of Law No. 31 year 1999 about eradication to corruption, chapter II, article 2, paragraph (2), shows a part of the positive law. The image of the positive law in Indonesia recognizes the existence of natural law. It is reflected in the philosophical values of the nation, Pancasila (believe in one God). Consequently, the products of the positive law in Indonesia must be derived from the natural law, and the natural law is derived from the eternal law (divine law).Keywords: Law, corruption, criminal act, justice
Implikasi Perkawinan Campuran terhadap Status Kewarganegaraan Anak
Authors: Hidayat A. Mufti
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This paper discusses about Law No. 12 year 2006, article 6 on the Indonesian citizenship which gives the provisions of dual citizenship status to a child as the implication of the mixed marriage, and analysis of Islamic political jurisprudence perspective toward the provisions of the dual citizenship status. The author concludes that granting the dual citizenship status to a child as the implication of the mixed marriage is nothing but for the sake of enforcing the rights of men, particularly for children. It is so because the child’s rights are part of the Human Rights which must be guaranteed, protected, and fulfilled by parents, families, communities, governments, and states. In addition, It is also as a manifestation of the implementation of UUD 1945, article 26 about the citizens’ rights. Islamic political jurisprudence judges that the dual citizenship status for a child of the mixed marriage for the reason to uphold Human Rights might be justified. Since Islam also upholds Human Rights. But in respect to a childcare, they follow their mother’s citizenship when they have been adult. And when they have already been adult, they have  right to choose their nationality.Keywords: Implication, mixed marriage, status, and citizenship
Sanksi terhadap Pelanggaran Konservasi Taman Hutan Raya R. Soerjo di Mojokerto
Authors: Zulaihah Zulaihah
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This paper focuses on the concept of criminal (jinayah) jurisprudence toward the sanction of the conservational violation of the Taman Hutan Raya R.Soerjo (TAHURA R.Soerjo) according to Undang-Undang No. 41 tahun 1999 on Forestry. This is a qualitative research and will be analyzed descriptively with deductive framework. Some of the conservational violations in the Taman Hutan Raya R.Soerjo are entering the forest, harvesting or collecting the forest’s product, shepherding cattle in the forest area, damaging forest, and logging which is conducted by the surrounding community. The violations are described in article 50 Undang-Undang No. 41 tahun1999 on forestry. Penalty for violation of TAHURA R.Soerjo in SKPPKH Mojokerto region given by the local officer is in the form of guidance, warning, making a statement “not to repeat the action for the second offense”. However, it will be directly handed over to the police if the evidence has been sufficient. Sanction for such violations will be given by the competent authority in accordance with the legislation. The sentence is in accordance with article 78 and 79 Undang-Undang No. 41 tahun 1999. The sanction of the conservational violation of the Taman Hutan Raya R.Soerjo, in Islamic criminal law, is a part of ta’zir because it has not reached a nishab of theft.Keywords: Jurisprudence, jinayah, sanction, violation, conservation
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pengikut Aliran Syiah di Kabupaten Sampang Jawa Timur
Authors: Maududi Achmad
Published: March 2018

Abstract : The followers of Syiah religious sect in Sampang can get legal protection when they  want to do Bai’at again to the teachings of Ahlus sunnah wal Jamaah. It is agreed, because they believe Itsna Asyarah Syiah religious sect that its existing banned in Indonesia. Legal protection for them is the right of  citizens of Indonesia stipulated in the 1945 constitution. The guarantee of 1945 constitution, written constitution,  in the case of  citizens protection states  itself as the law state that the implementation of its goverment based on law. As a consequence of the law state,  recognation, respect, and protection of human rights should get a serious attention without discrimination in any forms. That the violence for whatever reason that may lead to violence action on the protect of religion is not justified forever. This is in accordance with embodiments of  article 28 and 29 of 1945 constitution which says that every citizens  has the right to run their  each religious beliefs and convictions.Keywords: Legal protection, Syiah, Sampang
Hukuman Bagi Pezina Di Sarawak Malaysia
Authors: Othman Ahmad Syazman Bin
Published: March 2018

Abstrak: Dalam penyelesaian perkara bagi pezina di Sarawak Malaysia, Mahkamah Syariah di Sarawak Malaysia berdasarkan pada ketentuan Ordinan 46 Tahun 2001 Ordinan Kesalahan Jinayah Syariah 2001 yang berhubungan dengan kesusilaan oleh Hakim Mahkamah Tinggi Syariah di Sarawak Malaysia dijatuhi pidana denda tidak melebihi lima ribu ringgit atau penjara selama tempo tidak melebihi tiga tahun atau disebat tidak melebihi enam sebatan atau dihukum dengan mana-mana kombinasi hukuman itu. Dalam hal pelaksanaan sanksi bagi pelanggar yang telah melakukan tindak pidana perzinaan, perlu diberikan kewenangan kepada Parlimen bagi propinsi maupun DUN yang mewakili propinsi agar dapat bersama dalam menetapkan undang-undang, dan seharusnya tidak mengenepikan Syariat. Pentingnya ada pemersatuan ulama dan para cendekiawan dalam mengenalkan masyarakat tentang hukum Islam yang sebenarnya. Mahkamah Syariah maupun lembaga yang menjalankan hukum Islam haruslah mempunyai wewenang yang penuh dalam menjalankan hukum agama dan mendukung kerajaan dengan menyebar dan menerangkan arti sebenar hukum Islam yang ingin diberlakukan.Kata Kunci: Hukuman, pezina, Sarawak
Penghapusan Pidana Bagi Pejabat Negara Penerima Gratifikasi
Authors: Fauziah Nur Laeli
Published: March 2018

Abstrak: Penghapusan Pidana bagi pejabat negara penerima gratifikasi yang melaporkan diri kepada Komisi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (KPK) pada Pasal 12 C UU 31/1999 jo. UU 20/2001 mengindikasikan  adanya kelemahan dalam hukum pidana materiil, yaitu penghapusan sifat melawan hukum materiil berwujud prosedur administrasi ketika melapor di Komisi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (KPK). Dalam fikih terdapat metode yang dinamakan sadd al-dzarīah, yaitu upaya preventif agar tak terjadi sesuatu yang menimbulkan dampak negatif. Hukum Islam tidak hanya mengatur perilaku manusia yang sudah dilakukan, tetapi juga yang belum dilakukan.Persamaan hukum positif dan fikih jināyah pada gratifikasi kepada pejabat negara terletak pada hukumnya yakni kedua sumber hukum tersebut sama-sama melarang tindakan gratifikasi. Sedangkan perbedaannya terletak pada hukuman dan implikasi yang diberikan terhadap penerima gratifikasi pada waktu melaporkan maupun  tidak melaporkannya kepada KPK.Kata Kunci:  Penghapusan pidana, pejabat negara, gratifikasi, fikih jināyah
Gugurnya Had Jarîmah Pencurian Sebab Taubat Perspektif Jamal Al-Banna
Authors: Mutowif Ali Mutowif
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This paper provides legal sanction on perperator of crime (jarîmah) as a deviational behavior of human. The heavy or light punishment of crime is divided into three, namely: 1) criminal wounding (jarîmah hudûd);  2) criminal killing (jarîmah qisâs and diyat); and 3) criminal offence (jarîmah ta’zîr). Jamal al-Banna said that there is a dialectical relationship between individual liberty and public benefit that is controlled by criminal law. This dialectical relationship is similar to the dialectical relationship between faith (aqidah) and the law in Islam. This proves that wisdom of the application of the criminal act in Islam is to control the handling crime to its root. The criminal penalty as described above can be said to be the best, not only to maintain the authenticity or justice but also to protect the public. The term of repentance is certainly relevant to those who make mistake only once because of forgotten or do not know.Keywords: Criminal act, Jamal al-Banna, repentance. Abstrak: Jarîmah merupakan perilaku manusia yang menyimpang dari larangan norma hukum  dan ketika melakukannya diberi sanksi. Adapun Presfektif  berat ringannya dalam hukuman, jarîmah di bagi menjadi tiga, yaitu: (1) Jarîmah hudûd (2) Jarîmah qisâs dan diat (3) Jarîmah ta’zîr. Jamal al-Banna mengatakan bahwasanya ada hubungan dialektis antara kebebasan individual dan kemaslahatan publik itu dikendalikan oleh hukum pidana. Hubungan dialektis ini hampir sama dengan hubungan dialektis antara aqidah dan syariat yang ada dalam Islam, ini membuktikan bahwa pidana dalam Islam mempunyai hikmah yaitu Islam mengendalikan penanganan kriminal ini sampai pada akar-akarnya. Hukuman pidana yang telah dipaparkan di atas bisa dikatakan terbaik, bukan hanya untuk menjaga otentisitas, atau keadilan untuk melindungi masyarakat. Istilah taubat tentunya relevan untuk mereka yang melakukan kesalahan hanya sekali, mungkin karena lupa atau tidak tahu, bukan berkali-kali. Oleh karenanya Allah mengatakan: ”Sesungguhnya taubat kepada Allah hanya untuk mereka yang melakukan keburukan, karena tidak mengetahui kemudian tidak lama dia langsung bertaubat.”Kata Kunci: Jarîmah, Jamal al-Banna, taubat.
Hukuman Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Membawa Lari Anak Perempuan
Authors: Mustakhim Mustakhim
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This study discusses the decision No. 09/Pid.B/2012/ PN.Mojokerto about criminal act of carrying off an under age woman without permission of her parents. In the judge’s ruling, it is declared that the defendant has been proven legally and convincingly guilty of committing a criminal offense by carrying off an under age woman without permission of her parents, but only with the consent of the woman outside of marriage. The offense complain is imprisonment for 1 (one) year and 2 (two) months because the defendant violated Article 332 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. In addition, the defendant is also burdened to pay court fees. In the study of Islamic criminal law, punishment for carrying off an under age woman is ta’zîr jarîmah (criminal penalty). These penalties vary and can be determined by ulil amri or government official or judge who is given authority to enforce with some considerations and other reasons in accordance with Islamic criminal law.Keywords: Penalty, carrying off, daughter. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang putusan perkara Nomor 09/Pid.B/2012/PN.Mojokerto tentang tindak pidana membawa lari seorang perempuan yang belum dewasa tanpa izin orang tuanya. Dalam putusan hakim tersebut, dinyatakan bahwa terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana membawa lari seorang perempuan yang belum dewasa tanpa izin orang tuanya tetapi dengan persetujuan perempuan itu di luar perkawinan. Delik aduannya adalah  pidana penjara  selama  1 (satu) tahun 2 (dua)  bulan karena perbuatan terdakwa melanggar Pasal 332 Ayat (1) KUHP. Selain itu, terdakwa juga dibebani membayar biaya perkara. Dalam kajian hukum pidana Islam, hukuman membawa lari seorang perempuan yang belum dewasa merupakan hukuman jarīmah ta’zîr. Hukuman ini berbeda-beda, dan dapat ditentukan hukumannya oleh ulil amri atau aparat pemerintah yang diberikan wewenang untuk menyelenggarakan hukuman tersebut di mana hukumannya ringan dan beratnya dapat ditentukan oleh hakim Pengadilan Negeri Mojokerto dengan beberapa pertimbangan dan alasan-alasan lainnya sesuai dengan hukum fiqh jinâyah.Kata Kunci: Hukuman, membawa lari, anak perempuan.
Pidana Bersyarat Perspektif Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Dan Fikih
Authors: Abidin Moch Zainal
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This study aims to assess conditional criminal act in Criminal Code and Islamic jurisprudence. Conditional criminal act according to Criminal Code is a kind of crime where the convict does not have to undergo the punishment, except he has violated the general or specific requirenments of court during pre-determined. On the Islamic jurisprudence perspective, conditional criminal act is caterized as diyât and ta’zîr. Diyât is a kind of criminal penalty that provides a number of property within a certain size, given by the offender to the victim or his heirs. While ta’zîr is a legal authority delegated by state to a judge to decide the criminal cases. In ta’zîr, a judge has fairly broad authority to choose any types of crime that are appropriate to the circumstance of the offense and the perpetrators. Looseness or facilities provided to a judge do not reduce the initial goal of punishment as an attemp to improve the criminal actors in order to keep the benefit of people.Keywords: Conditional criminal act, Criminal Code, Islamic jurisprudence. Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji tentang pidana bersyarat dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan fikih. Pidana bersyarat menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, merupakan suatu pidana di mana terpidana tidak usah menjalani pidana tersebut, kecuali bilamana selama masa percobaan terpidana telah melanggar syarat-syarat umum atau khusus yang telah ditentukan oleh pengadilan. Jika dianalisis dari sisi fikih, pidana bersyarat dikatagorikan masuk dalam diyât dan ta’zîr. Diyât merupakan suatu jenis pidana yang memberikan sejumlah harta dalam ukuran tertentu, yang diberikan pelaku tindak pidana kepada korban atau ahli warisnya. Sedangkan ta’zîr merupakan kekuasan dalam memutuskan suatu perkara diserahkan kepada negara dan selanjutnya diserahkan kepada hakim. Di dalam ta’zîr ini, hakim mempunyai wewenang yang cukup luas untuk memilih jenis pidana yang sesuai dengan keadaan tindak pidana serta diri pelakunya. Kelonggaran atau kemudahan yang diberikan kepada hakim tidak mengurangi tujuan awal dalam setiap pemidanaan, sebagai wujud memperbaiki diri pelaku demi terjaganya kemaslahatan di dalam masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Pidana bersyarat, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, fikih
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Anak Di Sektor Informal
Authors: Tarmudzi M. Imam
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This paper explains that Islamic criminal law had already set and explained the legal protection for child. Even, Islam itself protects child from anything that may harm him. The protections include: the childcare, supervision, protection and education. While in Law No. 23 Year 2002 on protection of child explains mechanism of a labor child protection which includes juridical protection, non judicial protection, and protection from slavery and exploitation of child. These laws equally prohibit child to work if it is not in accordance with the existing law. The difference is that law distinguishes between crime and violation based on the heavy and light of the punishment, while Islamic criminal law does not distinguish both. They  all are called jarîmah (crime) by their nature of the crime.Keywords: Legal protection, child labor, informal sector, Islamic criminal law. Abstrak: Tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa hukum pidana Islam sudah mengatur dan menjelaskan tentang perlindungan hukum bagi anak.I Islam  mengatur tentang perlindungan terhadap anak dari sesuatu yang dapat membahayakan dirinya, yang meliputi; pengasuhan, pengawasan, perlindungan dan pendidikan. Dalam Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak menjelaskan tentang mekanisme perlindungan terhadap anak yang menjadi pekerja anak yang meliputi; perlindungan dalam bidang yuridis dan non yuridis, selain itu pula ada perlindungan dari perbudakan dan eksploitasi anak. Kedua hukum tersebut, hukum Islam dan Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, sama-sama melarang anak bekerja jika tidak sesuai dengan syarat-syarat hukum yang berlaku, adapun perbedaannya adalah dalam Undang-undang membedakan antara kejahatan atau pelanggaran mengingat berat ringannya hukuman, sedangkan hukum pidana Islam tidak membedakannya, semuanya disebut jarîmah mengingat sifat pidananya.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan hukum, pekerja anak, sektor informal.
Pemberian Remisi Kepada Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Ibad Isyadul
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This article discusses the analysis of mashlahah mursalah against remission to the perpetrator of the crime of murder. Remission is forgiveness for someone whom convicted criminal penalty in the form of reduced sentence. One of which is a criminal murder. With this remission, the verdict is inkrach (legally binding) and it will be changed. Consequently, the prisoner of  the criminal murder will not be serving a sentence in full, while the criminal child is eligible for receiving remission as stated in Presidential Decree No. 174 of 1999. In ushûl fiqh perspective, this remission is ruled in mashlahah mursalah. In jarîmah qishâsh and diyat forgiveness are handed over to the heir of the victim. While in remission, according to Presidential Decree No. 174 of 1999, the victim has no authority to sentence the prisoner or criminal child because it has been ruled by judicial institution in Indonesia. On the other hands, inkrach can change in line with reduced sentences.

Keywords: Remission, crime of murder, Islamic law.

                        

Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang analisis mashlahah mursalah terhadap pemberian remisi kepada pelaku tindak pidana pembunuhan berencana. Remisi diberikan kepada narapidana atau anak pidana yang melakukan tindak pidana, yang salah satunya adalah pelaku tindak pidana pembunuhan berencana. Dengan adanya remisi ini, maka putusan hakim yang bersifat inkrach (berkekuatan hukum tetap) akan menjadi berubah, karena pada akhirnya terpidana atau pelaku tindak pidana pembunuhan berencana ini tidak akan menjalani hukuman secara penuh, selagi anak pidana atau narapidana memenuhi persyaratan untuk mendapatkan remisi yang tercantum dalam Keppres RI No 174 Tahun 1999. Dalam perspektif ushûl al-fiqh, remisi ini masuk dalam kaidah mashlahah mursalah. Dalam pengampunan jarîmah qishâsh dan diyat diserahkan kepada pihak ahli waris korban, sedangkan dalam remisi ini menurut Keppres RI No. 174 thn 1999 dari pihak korban tidak mempunyai kekuasaan untuk menjatuhkan hukuman kepada narapidana atau anak pidana, karena sudah ada lembaga peradilan di Indonesia, selain itu putusan hakim yang bersifat inkrach dapat berubah dengan pengurangan masa hukuman.

Kata Kunci: Remisi, tindak pidana pembunuhan berencana, hukum Islam
Perlindungan Hukum bagi Perempuan Korban ‎Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga Perspektif Hukum ‎Islam
Authors: Ikhsan Amirul
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This article discusses the legal protection for women-victims of domestic violence within the perspective of Islamic law. Legal protection for women-victims of domestic violence is clearly regulated in Law No. 23 of 2004. It should be recognized that the presence of the law is to open a way for unfolding of domestic violence and to safeguard the civil rights of victims, where it was previously considered as a private area that no one outside the household environment entries. On the perspective of Islamic law, legal protection in the Law number 23 of 2004 has been consistent with the objectives of shariah. It is to enforce Islamic law to gain the pleasure of Allah. In this context, husband and wife should complement each other and work together in building a harmonious household.Keywords: Legal protection, victims, domestic violence, Islamic law. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang perlindungan hukum bagi perempuan korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga perspektif hukum Islam. Perlindungan hukum bagi perempuan korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) diatur dalam undang-undang nomor 23 tahun 2004 (UUPKDRT), harus diakui kehadirannya membuka jalan bagi terungkapnya kasus KDRT dan upaya perlindungan hak-hak korban, yang pada awalnya KDRT dianggap sebagai wilayah privat yang tidak seorang pun di luar lingkungan rumah tangga dapat memasukinya. Perspektif hukum Islam, perlindungan hukum dalam Undang-Undang nomor 23 tahun 2004 (UUPKDRT) telah sesuai dengan tujuan syariah yaitu untuk menegakkan syariat Islam, menuju ridha Allah swt, suami dan istri harus saling melengkapi dan bekerja sama dalam membangun rumah tangga yang harmonis menuju derajat takwa.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan hukum, korban, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, hukum Islam.
Eksploitasi Jasa Anak Menurut Undang-Undang ‎Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 dan Hukum Pidana Islam
Authors: Hakiky Shofiyul Fuad
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Exploitation to a child is an inhumane act. Although a ban on the exploitation of child’s services is legally mentioned in legislation, but it is different in reality. We can see some adult people take their babies to begging, singing under traffic light, even they are recruited as factory workers and others. It is because the exploiters of the children’s service are less fear or underestimate to the existing sanctions under the child protection legislation No. 23 of 2002. The criminal sanction against perpetrators of child exploitation as contained in Law No. 23 of 2002 section 83, 84, and 88 is considered less straight.  On Islamic jurisprudence perspective, a child is in need of special attention. It can be in the form of guidance, education, and legal protection. Whatever is done by a child, it has not been subjected to the burden of law. So that even if the child was given a penalty, then the punishment should be an educational one, not to exceed the limit of a child’s ability. On the other hands, considering the mental and psychological effects of the child is quite important for his/her development in the future.

Keywords: Exploitation, children’s services, law, Islamic criminal law.

 

Abstrak: Eksploitasi anak merupakan tindakan yang tidak berperikemanusiaan. Meskipun larangan eksploitasi jasa anak ada dalam undang-undang, tetapi pada kenyataannya masih terjadi, contohnya; anak bayi yang diajak orang tuanya mengemis, mengamen di pingir perempatan lampu lalu lintas, buruh pabrik, dan lain-lain. Hal tersebut dikarenakan pelaku eksploitasi jasa anak kurang takut atau meremehkan sanksi yang ada dalam undang-undang perlindungan anak No.23 tahun 2002. Sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku eksploitasi jasa anak yang tercantum dalam Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak terletak pada pasal 83, 84, dan 88. Dalam pandangan fiqh anak-anak perlu mendapat perhatian khusus, berupa pembinaan, pendidikan, dan perlindungan hukum. Apapun yang dilakukan oleh anak-anak belum dikenai beban hukum, sehingga kalaupun anak itu diberikan sanksi, maka sanksinya harus bersifat pendidikan, tidak melampaui batas kemampuan anak, dan harus mempertimbangkan efeknya terhadap perkembangan jiwa anak.

Kata Kunci: Eksploitasi, jasa, anak, undang-undang, Hukum pidana Islam.
Pembentukan Kualitas Anak pada 1000 Hari ‎Pertama Kehidupan Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Qulub Siti Tatmainul
Published: March 2018

Abstract: The quality of a child is influenced by two determining factors, namely genetic factor and environmental factor. These factors influence is very large, especially during the first 1,000 days of life of a child, starting from the time of pregnancy to breastfeeding until the age of 2 years. When the baby’s vital organs begin to form, together with it also the baby started to feel on a given stimulus, record and imitate communication and habits performed by his mother that he will take up next. Lack of stimulation and nutrition, especially during this period, will have a major impact in the long term life. Islam has provided guidance to establish quality of a child at 1,000 days of life. During pregnancy, many parents are encouraged to be grateful and be merry, to eat halal and good food, to reproduce worship, etc. After the birth, they are led to recite âdhân and iqâmah for a newborns, to give a good name, and breast feeding for 2 full years.Keywords: Quality of kid, the first 1,000 days of life, Islamic law. Abstrak: Kualitas anak dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor pembentuk, yakni faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan. Faktor-faktor tersebut berpengaruh sangat besar terutama saat 1000 hari pertama kehidupan (HPK) anak, yang dimulai sejak masa kehamilan hingga menyusui sampai usia anak 2 tahun. Ketika organ-organ penting bayi mulai terbentuk, bersamaan itu juga  bayi mulai dapat merasakan stimulus yang diberikan dari luar, merekam dan menirukan komunikasi serta kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang dilakukan oleh ibunya yang akan ia bawa hingga seterusnya. Kurangnya rangsangan dan terutama gizi pada masa ini, akan berdampak besar dalam jangka panjang kehidupannya. Islam telah memberikan tuntunan untuk membentuk anak yang berkualitas pada 1000 HPK. Pada masa kehamilan, orang tua dianjurkan banyak bersyukur dan bergembira, makan makanan yang halal dan baik, memperbanyak ibadah, dsb. Setelah kelahiran, dituntun untuk membacakan adzan dan iqamah pada bayi yang baru lahir, memberikan nama yang baik, dan menyusui anak selama 2 tahun penuh.Kata Kunci: Anak berkualitas, 1000 hari pertama kehidupan, hukum Islam