bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Test of High-Temperature Ceramic Transformer
Authors: Slater Conor , Maeder Thomas , Ryser Peter
Published: August 2014

This work describes the fabrication and test of a high temperature (+200°C) capable high frequency transformer. It was manufactured using Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology, which allowed the complex multilayer structure of ceramic and metal windings to be formed. However, the selected LTCC composition is a free sintering ceramic and there is an interaction between the metal conductor and the ceramic substrate during lamination and firing that can lead to significant deformation, presenting a significant engineering challenge. Here the fabrication process for the LTCC is described (screen printing, collation, lamination and firing) for a number of iterations of the transformer design, each of which was analysed for deformation and subjected to electrical tests. In addition a silicone adhesive for assembling the LTCC with the transformer was analysed for high-temperature performance. A test vehicle was assembled and it was subjected to 1000 hours at 210°C. Shear tests were performed at intervals to quantify the loss in bond strength over time. After a good solution for manufacture was found, a batch of transformers was produced, characterized and tested to demonstrate a high reproducibility and manufacturing yield.
Research on Increasing the Nitrogen Removal Efficiency by Changing the Secondary Treatment Parameters
Authors: Ardelean Erika , Ardelean Marius , Hepuț Teodor , Drăgoi Florin
Published: August 2014

The existence of gases in the solid metals (hydrogen and nitrogen) assumes the presence of these gases in metals even before solidification, respectively in the elaboration, secondary treatment and casting phases. Usually, great amounts of gases dissolved in steels can be detected, between 3.5-8ppm for hydrogen and 0.02-0.03% for nitrogen, respectively. There are also cases when the purpose is to alloy with nitrogen, this being the case of austenitic stainless steels where the nitrogen content can reach 0.5% using ferrochromium or ferromanganese alloyed with nitrogen in 3-5.5 %. The main method of removing these gases is bubbling with inert gases and /or treating the steel in a vacuum facility. The paper presents a study regarding increasing the removal efficiency of nitrogen from the liquid steel by changing the bubbling parameters (flow, pressure, duration) but also the basicity of the refining slag. The equations of the regression surface and the identified fields are of a real help for the technologists, allowing quick decisions but they are also important for the quality of the metallic products [.
Researches Regarding the Improvement of the Steel Quality
Authors: Socalici Ana , Popa Erika , Heput Teodor , Drăgoi Florin
Published: August 2014

This paper presents the results obtained in what concerns the ranges of technological parameters of the secondary treatment of steel in LF plants to improve its quality by reducing the hydrogen content. The use in the industrial practice of the optimum values for these parameters allows obtaining steels with a low content of gases, especially hydrogen.
Smart Mobile Workstation Used to Transmit Data for Non-Destructive Testing of Pipelines Welded Joints
Authors: Hanea Maria Elena , Iovănaş Radu , Pascu Alexandru , Roată Ionut Claudiu
Published: August 2014

The non-destructive control of the welded joint in the case of transport pipelines of oil substances raises major problems by the difficulty of identifying the welded joints once the pipeline is imbedded. This paper presents the results of the research that were obtained by using a mobile station for digital radiography which, by GPS systems identifies all welded beads within a gas pipeline. By the technique that is presented in this paper, the process of control is more efficient, by using the modern technique of digital gammagraphy, with the possibility of transmitting real-time data on the field using the informatics system. This study presents the methodology and advantages of using the mobile intelligent testing system ND made by Receptor GR-3 and Controller TOPCON FC 250.
Synthesis of the Fe-10%Si Nanocrystalline Powder by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Stanciu Cristina Daniela , Marinca Traian Florin , Popa Florin , Chicinaş Ionel , Isnard Olivier
Published: August 2014

Fe-Si alloy with a Si content of 10 wt. % was obtained in nanocrystalline state by mechanical alloying of elemental iron and silicon powders. The mechanical alloying process was carried out in a high energy ball mill (Fritsch, Pulverisette 4) in argon atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicated that after 4 hours of milling the Fe-Si alloy is formed. The mean crystallites size decreases down to 7 nm after 8 hours of milling. The particles morphology investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an evolution during milling process from two different kinds of particles to a one kind of particles with irregular shape. The magnetisation of powders decreases upon increasing the milling time up to 4 hours as a consequence of the Fe-Si alloy formation.
Aluminium High Speed Drilling - Some Technological Aspects
Authors: Pămîntaş Eugen , Turc Gheorghe Cristian , Banciu Felicia Veronica
Published: August 2014

so-called llightweights materials (aluminum, magnesium, titanium) and their alloys due to multiple applications in various leading industries (aeronautics, automotive, electrical) always stayed in researchers attention both in order to improve their mechanical characteristics and to optimize technologies for cutting processing them. This paper is part of these concerns by trying to find answers to some questions about high-speed drilling of electrolytic aluminum parts and has as targets of the investigation the following: the material machinability, the working parameters optimization, the tool used in drilling and the quality obtained after machining.
Implant Surface Finishing Influence on Tissue-Implant Anchoring
Authors: Miculescu Florin , Ciocan Lucian Toma , Miculescu Marian , Meghea Daniela , Bane Marin , Branzei Mihai
Published: August 2014

The implant surface morphology and microstructure significantly affect cells and tissue quantity formed at the interface. Therefore, the biocompatibility of an implant is just one of many parameters that influence tissue response to metallic implants. In order to understand the importance of the surface morphology and microscopic structures, we must retain first the main problem that limit the application and operation of metal implants - the lack of implant viable anchoring within the tissue. On this basis, experimental studies were carried out on implants having different microstructures and macrostructures that have been used in order to achieve a better long-term anchoring and stability of the implant support.
Research on the Influence of Pelleting Mixture Components on Chemical Components and Pellets Structure
Authors: Todoruţ Adela , Hepuţ Teodor , Haranguş Victoria
Published: August 2014

In this work we followed the chemical composition and structure of pellets produced by two recipes in the laboratory of Energy and Raw Materials Base of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, followed by determining compressive strength of pellets after hardening process and chemical composition. Some of the experiments were performed in a stage carried out at Luleå University of Technology Sweden (SEM and XRD measurements). The experiments have watched also the evolution of hardening temperatures for these pellets, the data was interpreted in the form of charts in Excel.
What does God have to do with my health?
Authors: Van Dyk Peet J. , Van Dyk Alta C.
Published: August 2014

Perceptions about God�s involvement in the health of people have always been an issue in Christianity. Conflicting views regarding the transcendent versus immanent nature of Godhave therefore played a prominent part within theological discussions. The purpose of this empirical survey was to explore the extent to which South African Christians directly attribute their health and/or diseases to the hand of God. A total of 3000 structured questionnaires were distributed of which 575 were received back. The IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 21) statistical program was used to analyse the data. Most participants disagreed with the view that God largely determined their health, although the majority did think that diseases (including AIDS) were sent by God, whilst playing down the role of natural causes.In conclusion, one could say that health beliefs amongst South Africans are closely linked to supernatural agents, although the direct role of God is seen mostly in terms of the sending of occasional diseases rather than constant involvement in general health.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The study challenges the applicability of a secularised medical model within the South African context and its relevance for prevention programmes.
Engaging complexity
Authors: Loubser Gys M.
Published: August 2014

In this article, I discuss studies in complexity and its epistemological implications for systematic and practical theology. I argue that engagement with complexity does not necessarily assurea non-reductionist approach. However, if complexity is engaged transversally, it becomes possible to transcend reductionist approaches. Moreover, systematic and practical the ologians can draw on complexity in developing new ways of understanding and, therefore, new ways of describing the focus, epistemic scope and heuristic structures of systematic and practical theology. Firstly, Edgar Morin draws a distinction between restricted and general complexity based on the epistemology drawn upon in studies in complexity. Moving away from foundationalist approaches to epistemology, Morin argues for a paradigm of systems. Secondly,I discuss Kees van Kooten Niekerk�s distinction between epistemology, methodology andontology in studies in complexity and offer an example of a theological argument that drawson complexity. Thirdly, I argue for the importance of transversality in engaging complexity by drawing on the work of Wentzel van Huyssteen and Paul Cilliers. In conclusion, I argue that theologians have to be conscious of the epistemic foundations of each study in complexity, and these studies illuminate the heart of Reformed theology.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Therefore, this article has both intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary implications. When theologians engage studies incomplexity, the epistemological roots of these studies need to be considered seeing thatresearchers in complexity draw on different epistemologies. Drawing on transversality wouldenhance such considerations. Furthermore, Edgar Morin�s and Paul Cilliers� approach tocomplexity will inform practical and theoretical considerations in church polity and unity.
Uptake of 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose in the Healthy Testes of Young Men as Assessed by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography; Including the Inter- and Intra-observer Variation
Authors: Meij-de Vries A , Knol RJJ , Lazarenko S , Meijer R , van der Plas E , Heij H
Published: August 2014

Knowledge of the physiological testicular accumulation of 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) is essential in order to discriminate between normal and pathological findings. In this study, the 18 F-FDG-uptake in healthy testes of young men was assessed using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-scans. A total of 40 testes of 20 men with a mean age of 26.5 ± 3.9 years were evaluated. 18 F-FDG-uptake was expressed as the standardized uptake value (SUV). Testicular volume was measured on CT and PET. All scans were assessed by three researchers, one of whom assessed every scan twice. Laterality indices and inter- and intra-observer variation were evaluated. Correlation between the SUV max and SUV peak , between SUV mean and SUV peak and between age and SUV peak were assessed. Testes showed an average SUV max of 3.42 ± 0.61 , SUV peak of 3.06 ± 0.54 and SUV mean of 2.44 ± 0.44. The average testicular volume on CT was 23.0 ± 6.4 ml, whereas on PET it was 18.0 ± 5.1 ml. Laterality indices were calculated of 0.077 ± 0.065 (SUV max ), 0.074 ± 0.066 (SUV peak ), 0.072 ± 0.063 (SUV mean ), 0.245 ± 0.259 (CT), and 0.200 ± 0.188 (PET), respectively. Inter- and intra-observer reliability were found to be perfect for the SUVs (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.992-1.0), but poor for testicular volumes (ICC 0.854-0.902). Testicular 18 F-FDG uptake in young men can be measured accurately on PET/CT and shows high symmetry. Consequently, 18 F-FDG PET/CT has the potential to become a useful instrument in the evaluation of the functioning of the individual testis.
Use of NaF-18-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Detection of Bone Metastasis from Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Aparici Carina , Win Aung
Published: August 2014

We present a case of a 60-year-old white male with a history of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) status postpartial nepherectomy. He was followed-up annually with abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans to monitor for tumor recurrence. A solitary metastatic bony lesion was detected by CT 4 years after partial nephrectomy and it was confirmed by NaF-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and magnetic resonance imaging. He underwent external beam radiation therapy (XRT) for solitary metastasis to L1 vertebra. The L1 lesion was treated with XRT, which exhibited no fluorodeoxyglucose activity after the treatment. This is the first case report to mention the use of NaF-18-PET/CT in the detection of bone metastasis from PRCC. Our case once again emphasizes the usefulness of NaF-18-PET/CT in RCC follow-up.
Anaesthesia for awake craniotomy
Authors: Rath Girija , Mahajan Charu , Bithal Parmod
Published: August 2014

Awake craniotomy is a neurosurgical procedure during which the patient remains awake as a whole or during some part of the surgery. Although not a new procedure, it has regained its importance since last two decades following the advent of newer drugs along with improvised techniques. The role of anesthesiologist during this procedure is of paramount importance. In this review, we discussed the anesthetic management during awake craniotomy and re-emphasized on the avoidance of intraoperative untoward events with appropriate patient selection.
To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure and haemodynamic changes in response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation
Authors: Purohit Shobha , Kulshreshtha Amit ,   Tanuja
Published: August 2014

Background: The most important prerequisites for neurosurgeries are brain relaxation, need of stable haemodynamics with less fluctuation in intracranial pressure and speedy recovery from anaesthesia. Endotracheal intubation is the major stressful stimuli that can elicit a marked pressor response. Various drugs have been used to attenuate these reflexes. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, have neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and sedative effects so it is potentially useful during neuroanaesthesia. This is a prospective randomised control trial carried out to see whether administration of Dexmedetomidine prior to intubation can attenuate the various haemodynamic responses, intraocular pressure (IOP) and the requirement of induction dose of propofol in control and study group. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients (ASA grade 1, 2) scheduled for intracranial tumour surgeries were divided into two groups (25 each). Group D received Dexmedetomidine 0.8 μg/kg i.v. over 10 mins and group C received 20 ml saline. Anaesthesia induced with Propofol, dose adjusted using bispectral index monitor. The groups were compared with IOP, Heart rate (HR), Mean arterial pressure (MAP), and dose of Propofol required for induction. Results: Groups were well matched for their demographic data and pre-operative. IOP in both the eyes decreases significantly after premedication and remained below baseline even after 10th min of intubation in group D while in Group C; it increased significantly after intubation and remained above baseline. The difference between groups was also statistically significant. HR and MAP decreased significantly in patients of group D compared to group C ( P< 0.05). Patients were more haemodynamicaly stable at all time points after premedication in group D ( P< 0.05). Propofol requirements for induction was lesser in group D (P < 0.05). Bradycardia and hypotension incidences were higher in group D. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine premedication decreases the sympathoadrenal effect on IOP and haemodynamic parameters during laryngoscopy/intubation and decreases the requirement of propofol for induction of general anaesthesia.
Intensive care management of Guillain-Barre syndrome: A retrospective outcome study and review of literature
Authors: Bhagat Hemant , Dash Hari , Chauhan Rajendra , Khanna Puneet , Bithal Parmod
Published: August 2014

Introduction: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an immune mediated disorder which is associated with demyelination of peripheral nervous system and progressive muscle weakness. Severely affected patients have respiratory dysfunction and may need ventilatory support which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. There is limited Indian data with regards to the outcome of severely affected GBS patients. The present study reflects the intensive care management of severely affected GBS patients at neurological centre of a tertiary care institute of India. Materials and Methods: The study was designed to retrospectively review the patient records who were admitted to neurological intensive care unit (ICU) of AIIMS, New Delhi. The epidemiology, clinical features, course of management and outcome of GBS patients admitted between April 2000 to December 2005 were recorded and analysed. Results: The data of 59 patients were available for inclusion in the study. The mean age of patients admitted to neurological ICU was 35 years with male preponderance. Ventilatory failure was the most common indication for ICU admission. 95% patients required ventilatory support for a mean duration of 30 days. The mortality data included 60 patients and 13 patients died during the course of management. Conclusions: The present study indicates that severely affected GBS patients may need prolonged mechanical ventilation. Despite management in a specialized neurological ICU the mortality can be as high as 21%.
Early Post Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) in middle aged hypertensive patients: A pilot study
Authors: Panda Nidhi , Mathew Preethy , Narayana Y. , Kohli Aadarsh , Gandhi Komal , Kumar Pawan
Published: August 2014

Background: Nowadays, hypertension is prevalent in middle aged persons. Patients with hypertension are known to have cognitive dysfunction and, therefore, may be vulnerable for post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) also. Intra-operative hypotension is documented to be associated with cognitive decline in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective pilot study was conducted in 30 hypertensive (Group H) and 30 non-hypertensive (Group N) patients, aged 40-59 years, undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia to estimate the incidence of early POCD in known hypertensive patients and compared with non-hypertensive patients. All patients underwent a “Neuro-psychological Test Battery” to assess cognitive function on preoperative day and on 7th postoperative day. A standard anaesthesia protocol was followed. Vasopressor boluses were used to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) within 20% of the baseline value in both groups. Results: The incidence of POCD was 23.3% in hypertensive patients and 20% in non-hypertensive patients. The vasopressor boluses used to maintain blood pressure was more in hypertensive patients (P = 0.041). Consequently, hypertensive patients had a significantly higher minimal MAP (P = 0.001) and a lower fractional minimal MAP (P = 0.011) compared to non-hypertensive patients. No significant correlation was observed between fractional minimal MAP and occurrence of POCD. Conclusion: This pilot trial shows that the incidence of early POCD in middle aged hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients are similar after general anaesthesia.
On Homotopy Invariants of Combings of Three-manifolds
Authors: Lescop Christine
Published: August 2014

Combings of compact, oriented, 3-dimensional manifoldsMare homotopy classes of nowhere vanishing vector fields. The Euler class of the normal bundle is an invariant of the combing, and it only depends on the underlying Spinc-structure. A combing is called torsion if this Euler class is a torsion element of H2(M; Z). Gompf introduced a Q-valued invariant θGof torsion combings on closed 3-manifolds, and he showed that θGdistinguishes all torsion combings with the same Spinc-structure. We give an alternative definition for θGand we express its variation as a linking number. We define a similar invariantp1of combings for manifolds bounded by S2. We relate p1 to the Θ-invariant, which is the simplest configuration space integral invariant of rational homology 3-balls, by the formula Θ = ¼P1+ 6λ, where λ is the Casson-Walker invariant. The article also includes a self-contained presentation of combings for 3-manifolds.
Active players in a network tell the story: Parsimony in modeling huge networks
Authors: Rechavi Amit , Rafaeli Sheizaf
Published: August 2014

One of the methodological and logistic problems of network research is the challenge of big data. Dynamics and network qualities are not as easy to extrapolate as averages and distributions. The numbers are huge, and traditional sampling doesn’t solve the problem. What if, by using a small sub–group of the members of a population, we could understand the nature of the network connecting them? For instance, what if we could draw network analysis conclusions, such as predicting the outbreak and evolution of an epidemic, without measuring the entire network of individuals? Christakis and Fowler (2010, cited in Wilson, 2010) found a unique group of users that could predict an epidemic days before its peak in the relevant population.This study continues their work. Instead of exploring millions of online social activities, we suggest investigating the active users (as we define them) in their community and using their activity logs to build a partial network. This network of intensive users can depict the dynamics of a huge social network, in our case Yahoo! Answers intensive activities.Barabási, et al. (2002) explored the connection between topology and network size on real–life networks. Twelve years later, our online Q&A social network study reached the same findings and conclusion: the partial network has several basic topological parameters that correlate with activity parameters of the entire social network and, hence, make it suitable for depicting the dynamic parameters of the huge network.Since exploring online social lives is so interesting and time consuming, we believe that our findings can help the investigation of huge social networks. We call for further investigation of these findings and their implications.
Increasing user participation: An exploratory study of querying on the Facebook and Twitter platforms
Authors: Crowley Caren , Daniels Wilfried , Bachiller Rafael , Joosen Wouter , Hughes Danny
Published: August 2014

Participatory applications frequently rely upon a crowd–sourced community of users who contribute data and content to deliver a service. The success or failure of participatory applications is dependent on developing and maintaining a community of responsive users. This paper reports the results of an exploratory 30–day study examining user responsiveness to query messages. In total 3,055 check–in requests were sent via the online social networks Facebook or Twitter to 70 participants who were randomly recruited using a chain referral process, wherein existing users recruited others to participate.
APROVEITAMENTO DO GERMOPLASMA DE Cryptomeria japonica DA ESTAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DE RIO NEGRO, PR, VISANDO A PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES
Authors: Dobner Júnior Mário , Vagaes Thais Cristina , Higa Antonio Rioyei
Published: August 2014

Cryptomeria japonica é originária da região temperada do Japão, onde é amplamente plantada em função da alta durabilidade e trabalhabilidade da madeira. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de procedências japonesas de C. japonica, implantadas em 1980 na Estação Experimental da Universidade Federal do Paraná, município de Rio Negro, Paraná. Realizou-se levantamento dendrométrico em setembro de 2011, o qual serviu de base para as análises estatísticas e genéticas. A produtividade observada aos 31 anos variou de 9,3 m³.ha-1.ano-1 na testemunha (Camanducaia), até 22,2 m³.ha-1.ano-1 na procedência Miyagi. A partir dos resultados, foram propostas estratégias de melhoramento genético para a criação de uma Área de Produção de Sementes (APS) e um Pomar Clonal de Sementes (PCS), bem como a seleção de indivíduos superiores para reprodução assexuada. Para tal, considerou-se uma intensidade de seleção que mantivesse ao máximo a variabilidade genética entre procedências, mas explorasse a variação dentro de cada procedência. As sementes produzidas terão um ganho no crescimento diamétrico estimado em 9,2% para a APS (curto prazo) e de 14% para o PCS (médio prazo). AbstractA proposal for the existing germplasm of Cryptomeria japonica (L.F.) Don. at the Experimental Station of Rio Negro, PR, aiming at the production of genetic improved seeds. Cryptomeria japonica is indigenous to the temperate region of Japan where it is widely planted, due to its wood quality, high durability and workability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Japanese provenances of C. japonica, established in 1980 at Experimental Station of Parana Federal University, municipality of Rio Negro, Parana State. Dendrometric measurements were carried out in September 2011, which was the basis for statistical and genetic analysis. The productivity at age 31 years ranged from 9.3 m³.ha-1.year-1 (control), up to 22.2 m³.ha-1.year-1 (Miyagi). A breeding strategy was proposed based on a seed production area (SPA) and on a clonal seed orchard (CSO). Moreover superior individuals for vegetative reproduction were also selected. The selection intensity was suggested considering the maintenance of expressive genetic variability among provenances, but exploring the variation within each provenance. The estimated genetic gain for diameter growth was 9.2% for the SPA (short term) and 14% for the CSO (medium term).Keywords: Forest breeding; seed production area; clonal seed orchard.
VARIAÇÃO LONGITUDINAL DA DENSIDADE BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE ESPÉCIES DE PINUS TROPICAIS
Authors: Trianoski Rosilani , Matos Jorge Luis Monteiro , Iwakiri Setsuo , Prata José Guilherme
Published: August 2014

O conhecimento das propriedades da madeira é de fundamental importância, pois está associado às diversas formas de transformação e utilização. Nesse contexto, este trabalho busca avaliar a variação longitudinal da densidade básica da madeira de espécies de pinus tropicais. Foram avaliadas sete espécies de pinus tropicais: Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis, Pinus caribaea var. caribaea, Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, Pinus chiapensis, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus oocarpa e Pinus tecunumanii, além do Pinus taeda (referência), coletadas em plantios experimentais com 17 e 18 anos, localizados nas regiões de Itararé (SP) e Ventania (PR). Foram selecionadas cinco árvores por espécie, as quais foram seccionadas nas posições de 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da altura comercial, para obtenção das amostras. A densidade básica foi determinada segundo a norma 461 da Comisión Panamericana de Normas Técnicas, ao passo que o percentual de lenho tardio foi quantificado pelo software Windendro, com base na análise de imagens digitalizadas dos discos das diferentes posições. Os resultados mostraram que todas as espécies apresentam densidade básica baixa (0,389 a 0,489 g/cm3), com coeficientes de variação entre 5,09% e 9,77%, podendo ser consideradas promissoras para plantios em escala comercial, aumentando a oferta de madeira para os diversos segmentos da indústria madeireira.AbstractLongitudinal variation of basic density of wood of tropical pine species. The wood properties knowledge has fundamental importance since it is associated to many processing and using ways. In this context, this paper aims to evaluate longitudinal variation of basic density of wood of tropical pines species. It evaluated seven species of tropical pines: Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis, Pinus caribaea var. caribaea, Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, Pinus chiapensis, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus tecunumanii, beyond Pinus taeda (reference), collected in experimental plantations at 17 and 18 years of age, located in the regions of Itararé (SP) and Ventania (PR). Five trees were selected by species, which were sectioned at positions 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the commercial height for samples. Basic density was determined according to the standard 461 of Comisión Panamericana de Normas Técnicas, besides the percentage of latewood, quantified by Windendro software, based on analysis of scanned images of disks of different positions. The results revealed that all species presented low basic density (0.389 to 0.489 g/cm3) with coefficients of variation between 5.09% to 9.77%, and can be considered promising for commercial scale cultivation, in this way increasing the wood supply for different segments of timber industry.Keywords: Pinus spp.; wood properties; laterwood.
PANORAMA DA INDÚSTRIA DE CELULOSE E PAPEL NO BRASIL: 2001 a 2011
Authors: Coelho Maritzel Rios Fuentes , Coelho Marcio Henrique
Published: August 2014

Este artigo visa estabelecer um panorama da indústria de celulose e papel sediada no Brasil, evidenciando o desempenho de algumas variáveis importantes para análise do setor, tais como a capacidade de produção, os tipos de produtos, as magnitudes das exportações e das importações e o destino das exportações, o nível e a capacidade de utilização e o preço médio das exportações no período de 2001 a 2011. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior (MDIC, 2012), da Associação Brasileira de Celulose e Papel (BRACELPA, 2011) e da Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura (FAO, 2011). No geral, os resultados revelam que a indústria de celulose vem ganhando espaço no âmbito do comércio internacional, diante de uma nova redistribuição espacial da produção, em função do obsoletismo das indústrias europeias, norte-americanas e canadenses e da inserção da celulose de fibra curta nos diferentes estágios de produção. No caso da indústria de papel, os indicadores apontam um cenário não tão promissor, diante do acirramento da concorrência internacional, embora o mercado interno possa vir a se constituir num grande impulso para a indústria local. AbstractOverview of the pulp and paper industry in Brazil: 2001/2011. This research aims to analyze the performance of the Brazilian pulp and paper industry, from 2001 to 2011, towards the main variables for the sector analysis, such as production capacity, sort of products, magnitude of exports, imports, destination of exports, level and capacity of utilization, and the average price of exports. In order to that, it used primary data from Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC, 2012), Brazilian Association of Pulp and Paper (BRACELPA, 2011) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2011). In general, results indicate that cellulose industry has gained importance in international trade, before a new spatial redistribution of production, according to the obsolescence of European, North American and Canadian industries, and the insertion of hardwood pulp in different stages of production. In relation to the paper industry, the results suggest a scenario not as promising as for the pulp one, even though domestic market may constitute a major boost to the industry.Keywords: Forests; forest economics; exports; international trade.
ENRAIZAMENTO DE MINIESTACAS APICAIS, INTERMEDIÁRIAS E BASAIS EM CLONES DE Eucalyptus benthamii
Authors: Benin Cristiane Carla , Peres Fabiana Schmidt Bandeira , Garcia Flávio Augusto de Oliveira
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o enraizamento de miniestacas apicais, intermediárias e basais de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. As miniestacas utilizadas foram coletadas de minicepas estabelecidas a partir de mudas de origem seminal. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4x3, sendo os fatores constituídos por quatro clones de E. benthamii (C50, C51, C52 e C53) e três tipos de miniestacas, confeccionadas das porções apical, intermediária e basal das brotações. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência e o enraizamento das mudas aos 45 dias de idade, em casa de sombra, e aos 90 dias em fase de pleno sol. Avaliou-se ainda a altura das mudas aos 90 dias de idade. Ao final das avaliações, o clone C52 se destacou dos demais em termos de sobrevivência, enraizamento e crescimento em altura. Na fase de pleno sol, quando as mudas já haviam completado o ciclo de desenvolvimento, a miniestaca apical comprovou ser o tipo de propágulo com maior aptidão ao enraizamento entre todos os clones avaliados.AbstractRooting of apical, intermediate and basal minicuttings in clones of Eucalyptus benthamii. This study aimed to evaluate the rooting of apical, intermediate and basal ministumps of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. The minicuttings were collected from ministumps originated from seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 4x3 factorial arrangement with factors consisting of four clones of E. benthamii (C50, C51, C52 e C53) and three types of cuttings (apical, intermediate and basal). The survival and rooting were evaluated with 45 days  in shadow house, and 90 days in the full sun stage. In the end of the evaluations, the clone C52 proved to be better in survival, rooting and height growth. In full sun stage, when the seedlings completed the development cycle, the apical minicutting proved to be the kind of propagules with grater aptitude on rooting when compared with the others clones.Keywords: Minicutting; types of cuttings; clonal propagation.
MODELOS DE AFILAMENTO PARA Pinus elliottii EM DIFERENTES IDADES, NA REGIÃO DE CAÇADOR, SC
Authors: Téo Saulo Jorge , Marcon Alan , Ehlers Tiago , Bianchi Júlio César , Peloso Adriano , Nava Paulo Roberto , Costa Reinaldo Hoinacki da
Published: August 2014

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram ajustar e selecionar modelos de afilamento para estimar diâmetros a várias alturas e volume total, com e sem casca, de árvores de Pinus elliottii Engelm., na região de Caçador, SC, para estudar a forma dos fustes das árvores de diferentes idades. Ao todo, 78 árvores, com idades de 10, 18 e 27 anos, foram abatidas, cubadas rigorosamente e tiveram os seus volumes obtidos por meio do método de Smalian. Os modelos de afilamento testados foram os Polinômios de 2º e de 5º Graus e o Polinômio de Potências Fracionárias de Hradetzky. A função de afilamento que apresentou melhor desempenho para estimar o diâmetro com e sem casca ao longo do fuste das árvores foram baseadas no Polinômio de Potências Fracionárias de Hradetzky, para as idades de 10, 18 e 27 anos. O Polinômio de 2º Grau propiciou as melhores estimativas de volume total com casca para as idades de 10 e 27 anos e de volume total sem casca para as idades de 18 e 27 anos. Já o Polinômio de Potências Fracionárias apresentou melhores estimativas de volume com casca para 18 anos e de volume sem casca para árvores de 10 anos. Os fustes das árvores de Pinus elliottii apresentam melhor forma nas idades mais avançadas. AbstractTaper models for Pinus elliottii, at different ages, in the region of Caçador - SC. The research aims to fit and select taper models in order to estimate diameters at different heights and total volumes, inside and outside bark, of Pinus elliottii Engelm. trees, in the region of Caçador - SC, Brazil, as well as to analyze  behavior of stem form for trees at different ages. Altogether, 78 trees at 10, 18 and 27 years of age, had been cut and their volumes obtained by Smalian method. The taper models tested were the 2nd and 5th Degree Polynomial and the Hradetzky Polynomial of Fractioned Potencies. The best performance taper function for estimate diameters inside and outside bark throughout the stem were based on the Hradetzky Polynomial of Fractioned Potencies, for 10, 18 and 27 years of age. The 2nd Degree Polynomial provided the best estimates of outside bark volume for 10 and 27 years of age, and of inside bark volume for 18 and 27 years of age, although the Hradetzky Polynomial presented the best estimates of outside bark volume for 18 years of age and of inside bark volume for 10 years old trees. The stems of the Pinus elliottii trees present better form for the oldest tress.Keywords: Polynomial models; profile models; stem form.
EFEITO DA EXPLORAÇÃO DE IMPACTO REDUZIDO EM ALGUMAS ESPÉCIES DE SAPOTACEAE NO LESTE DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Reis Leonardo Pequeno , Silva José Natalino Macedo , Dos Reis Pamella Carolline Marques , Carvalho João Olegário Pereira de , Queiroz Waldenei Travassos de , Ruschel Ademir Roberto
Published: August 2014

Avaliou-se o efeito da exploração de madeira, realizada em 1997, na estrutura e dinâmica de algumas espécies de Sapotaceae em uma Floresta Ombrófila Densa, no município de Moju, Pará (02º12’26”S e 48º48’14”W). De uma área de floresta de 1.050 ha, foram selecionados 200 hapara exploração seletiva de intensidade de 23 m3.ha-1. Nessa área, foram alocadas 22 parcelas permanentes de 0,5 ha, totalizando 11 ha amostrais, onde foram medidas todas as árvores com DAP ≥10 cm, nos anos de 1995 (antes da exploração), 1998 e 2010 (após exploração). Os parâmetros avaliados foram densidade (Da) e área basal (m2.ha-1). No período de 1995 a 2010, Sapotaceae apresentou uma redução significativa de 7,7% na densidade (p = 0,0147) e aumento na dominância em 1,4% (p = 0,7851). Nesse mesmo período, observou-se redução da densidade e dominância para Pouteria laurifolia (Gomes) Radlk. (66,7 e 50,6%), Pouteria macrocarpa (Mart.) D. Dietr. (25 e 29,4%), Micropholis acutangula (Ducke) Eyma (20 e 11%), Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. (16,4 e 17,7%) e Manilkara paraensis (Huber) Standl. (12,5 e 31,4%). A espécie com maior valor comercial, M. huberi, não mostrou recuperação nesse parâmetro, porém houve ingresso de três novas espécies na população de Sapotaceae estudada.AbstractEffect of reduced impact logging in some sapotaceae species in the eastern amazon. Effect of logging, held in 1997, on structure and dynamics of some Sapotaceae species were evaluated in a dense tropical rain forest located in the municipality of Moju, Pará (02º 12’ 26” S e 48º 48’ 14” W). Two hundred ha out of 1,050 ha forest area were selectively logged for timber (23 m3ha-1 logging intensity) in 1997.Twenty-two 0.5 ha permanent sample plots (11 ha sample) were established and all trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm were identified and measured for dbh in 1995 (before logging), 1998 and 2010 (after logging). Parameters evaluated were Density (De) and Basal area (G-m2 ha-1). Sapotaceae presented a significant reduction of 7.7% on tree density (p=0.0147), and an dominance increase of 1.4% (p=0.7851). In the same period, decreases in density and basal area were observed to Pouteria laurifolia (Gomes) Radlk. (66.7 and 50.6%), Pouteria macrocarpa (Mart.) D. Dietr. (25 and 29.4%), Micropholis acutangula (Ducke) Eyma (20 and 11%), Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. (16.4 and 17.7%) and Manilkara paraensis (Huber) Standl. (12.5 and 31.4%). The main commercial species M. Huberi did not recover its original density. On the other hand, three new species of the family were recorded in the focused period.Keywords: Forest management; Pouteria; Manilkara; Amazonian Forest.
Grenzen voor de EU-wetgever bij het machtigen van Europese agentschappen
Authors: Chamon M.
Published: August 2014

Samenvatting:

Welke bevoegdheden kan de Uniewetgever overdragen aan EU-agentschappen (Europese ZBO's) en welke grenzen dienen hierbij gerespecteerd te worden? Sinds de bestuurlijke verzelfstandigingstendens zich ook op EU-niveau doorzette, vormden deze vragen het voorwerp van debat. Aangezien de Verdragen hier stilzwijgend over zijn, zochten rechtsgeleerden en ook de instellingen houvast in (verouderde) rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie uit de tijd van de EGKS. In de short selling-zaak heeft het Hof nu voor het eerst zelf antwoord gegeven op deze vragen en dit met betrekking tot een bevoegdheidstoekenning aan de Europese Autoriteit voor Effecten en Markten.
De Gevolmachtigde Minister en de Raad van State: kanttekeningen bij een ‘novum’
Authors: Borman T.C.
Published: August 2014

Samenvatting

Het artikel gaat in op enkele procedurele aspecten van een eind 2013 door de Gevolmachtigde Minister van Sint Maarten aan de Raad van State gevraagd voorlichtingsadvies. Afgaande op wat de Raad van State daarover in zijn jaarverslag heeft vermeld, lijkt de Raad ervan uit te zijn gegaan dat aan een Gevolmachtigde Minister de bevoegdheid toekomt om aan de Afdeling advisering om voorlichting te vragen overeenkomstig artikel 21a van de Wet RvS (mits zo'n verzoek niet raakt aan de eenheid van de rijksministerraad). Het veronderstellen van een dergelijke bevoegdheid lijkt de auteur onjuist. Opmerkelijk in deze zaak is verder dat de Raad van State zelf al publiciteit heeft gegeven aan het betreffende voorlichtingsadvies, terwijl het advies nog niet openbaar is gemaakt. Naar aanleiding van een ander voorlichtingsadvies constateert de auteur dat de Tweede Kamer ten onrechte meent dat zij op basis van artikel 21a Wet RvS alleen advies kan vragen aan de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State van Nederland en niet aan de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State van het Koninkrijk, zonder dat de Raad van State deze onjuiste opvatting corrigeert.
Shared mushroom body circuits underlie visual and olfactory memories in Drosophila
Authors: Vogt Katrin , Schnaitmann Christopher , Dylla Kristina V , Knapek Stephan , Aso Yoshinori , Rubin Gerald M , Tanimoto Hiromu
Published: August 2014

In nature, animals form memories associating reward or punishment with stimuli from different sensory modalities, such as smells and colors. It is unclear, however, how distinct sensory memories are processed in the brain. We established appetitive and aversive visual learning assays for Drosophila that are comparable to the widely used olfactory learning assays. These assays share critical features, such as reinforcing stimuli (sugar reward and electric shock punishment), and allow direct comparison of the cellular requirements for visual and olfactory memories. We found that the same subsets of dopamine neurons drive formation of both sensory memories. Furthermore, distinct yet partially overlapping subsets of mushroom body intrinsic neurons are required for visual and olfactory memories. Thus, our results suggest that distinct sensory memories are processed in a common brain center. Such centralization of related brain functions is an economical design that avoids the repetition of similar circuit motifs.
Taking a new look at how flies learn
Authors: Kottler Benjamin , van Swinderen Bruno
Published: August 2014

Learning based on what a fruit fly sees or what it smells might not involve distinct parts of the brain, as was previously thought.
What can fruit flies teach us about karate?
Authors: Yang Helen H , Clandinin Thomas R
Published: August 2014

Understanding the logic behind how a fruit fly's brain tells it to groom its body parts in a stereotyped order might help us understand other behaviours that also involve a series of actions.
Two new lichens from Mount Canobolas, New South Wales
Authors: McCarthy Patrick M , Elix John A
Published: August 2014

Gyalideopsis halocarpa sp. nov. (lichenized Ascomycota, Gomphillaceae) and Sarcogyne sekikaica sp. nov. (lichenized Ascomycota, Acarosporaceae) are described from the summit area of Mount Canobolas, an important lichen site near Orange in eastern New South Wales, Australia.
Growth mechanisms and dune orientation on Titan
Authors: Lucas Antoine , Rodriguez Sébastien , Narteau Clément , Charnay Benjamin , du Pont Sylvain Courrech , Tokano Tetsuya , Garcia Amandine , Thiriet Mélanie , Hayes Alexander G. , Lorenz Ralph D. , Aharonson Oded
Published: August 2014

Dune fields on Titan cover more than 17% of the moon's surface, constituting the largest known surface reservoir of organics. Their confinement to the equatorial belt, shape, and eastward direction of propagation offer crucial information regarding both the wind regime and sediment supply. Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of Titan's dune orientations using automated detection techniques on nonlocal denoised radar images. By coupling a new dune growth mechanism with wind fields generated by climate modeling, we find that Titan's dunes grow by sediment transport on a nonmobile substratum. To be fully consistent with both the local crestline orientations and the eastward propagation of Titan's dunes, the sediment should be predominantly transported by strong eastward winds, most likely generated by equinoctial storms or occasional fast westerly gusts. Additionally, convergence of the meridional transport predicted in models can explain why Titan's dunes are confined within ±30° latitudes, where sediment fluxes converge.
Robust response of Asian summer monsoon to anthropogenic aerosols in CMIP5 models
Authors: Salzmann M. , Weser H. , Cherian R.
Published: August 2014

The representation of aerosol processes and the skill in simulating the Asian summer monsoon vary widely across climate models. Yet, for the second half of the twentieth century, the models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) show a robust decrease of average precipitation in the South and Southeast Asian (SSEA) continental region due to the increase of anthropogenic aerosols. When taking into account anthropogenic aerosols as well as greenhouse gases (GHGs), the 15 CMIP5 models considered in this study yield an average June–September precipitation least squares linear trend of −0.20 ± 0.20 mmd−1 (50 years)−1, or −2.9%, for all land points in the SSEA region (taken from 75 to 120°E and 5 to 30°N) in the years from 1950 to 1999 (multimodel average ± one standard deviation) in spite of an increase in the water vapor path of +0.99 ± 0.65 kgm−2 (50 years)−1 (+2.5%). This negative precipitation trend differs markedly from the positive precipitation trend of +0.29 ± 0.14 mmd−1 (50 years)−1, or +4.1%, which is computed for GHG forcing only. Taking into account aerosols both decreases the water vapor path and slows down the monsoon circulation as suggested by several previous studies. At smaller scales, however, internal variability makes attributing observed precipitation changes to anthropogenic aerosols more difficult. Over Northern Central India (NCI), the spread between precipitation trends from individual model realizations is generally comparable in magnitude to simulated changes due to aerosols, and the model results suggest that the observed drying in NCI might in part be explained by internal variability.