bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Onchomycosis in Psoriasis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liu Mengying , Kang Yuying , Zhang Ruijun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Onychomycosis, a common nail disease characterised by thickened, discoloured and brittle nails, has been observed to have varying prevalence rates in psoriasis patients compared to the general population. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition affecting approximately 2%–3% of the global population, with nail involvement impacting up to 79% of these patients. The clinical features of onychomycosis and nail psoriasis often overlap, complicating accurate diagnosis. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to evaluate whether the prevalence of onychomycosis differs between psoriasis patients and non‐psoriasis individuals, thereby providing evidence‐based insights for clinical practice.

Methods

The research question and keywords were developed following the Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) framework. As of October 26, 2024, records in English or Chinese were obtained from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM and Web of Science, using the keywords “onychomycosis,” “psoriasis,” etc. Furthermore, the meta‐analysis was carried out with STATA.

Results

A total of 967 records were identified, with 13 studies comprising 2751 psoriasis patients and 10,967 non‐psoriasis individuals included in the final analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that psoriasis patients had a significantly higher prevalence of onychomycosis, 1.68 times greater than those without psoriasis (95% CI: 1.21–2.33). Subgroup analysis showed that among clinically unsuspected patients, the risk of onychomycosis in those with psoriasis was 1.78 times higher (95% CI: 1.33–2.38) than in non‐psoriasis individuals. The majority of the studies included were of moderate to low bias.

Conclusion

The prevalence of onychomycosis is significantly higher in psoriasis patients compared to those without. However, limitations in research methods, variability in study populations, and small sample sizes in some studies suggest that further investigation is necessary. Future research should employ standardised methodologies, larger sample sizes, and long‐term follow‐up to enhance the accuracy and reliability of findings. Based on the results of this review and meta‐analysis, it is crucial to rule out onychomycosis‐related nail lesions before diagnosing psoriasis, especially prior to initiating immunosuppressive treatments such as steroids, methotrexate, or biologics, as these may exacerbate fungal infections.

Protocol Registration

PROSPERO—CRD42023399195.
MitoQ Preserves Epigenetic Modifications and Quality Parameters of Rooster Sperm During Cryopreservation Process
Authors: Alipour‐Jenaghard Parisa , Daghigh‐Kia Hossein , Masoudi Reza , Hatefi Ali
Published: February 2025

Cryopreservation in rooster semen is a helpful procedure to spread qualified semen samples for reproductive goals. Nevertheless, some post‐thawed qualified semen samples showed a considerably poor fertility rate that might be related to epigenetic modifications during the cryopreservation process. This study aims to investigate the effect of the cryopreservation process in the presence of MitoQ as a mitochondrial‐targeted antioxidant on epigenetic changes and other quality parameters (motility, morphology, mitochondrial activity, acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis status, and ROS concentration) of rooster sperm. The collected semen samples were divided into four groups of fresh samples and three groups that were supplemented by MitoQ 0, 10, and 100 nM and cryopreserved. The cryopreservation process reduced (p ≤ 0.05) DNA methylation, H3K9 acetylation, H3K4 methylation, motility parameters, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, acrosome integrity, viability, and increased (p ≤ 0.05) lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, ROS concentration, and apoptotic‐like changes compared to the fresh semen group. However, in frozen sperm groups, MitoQ 10 and 100 nM resulted in significant improvements (p ≤ 0.05) in the epigenetic modifications and other mentioned quality parameters compared to the control group (MitoQ 0). Generally, although the cryopreservation process reduced semen quality, using MitoQ could be useful in cryopreserved rooster semen quality.
Integrated testing strategies for cost‐sensitive time‐efficient hazard classification of new chemicals: The case of skin sensitization
Authors: Raseta Marko , Pitchford Jon , Cussens James , Doe John
Published: February 2025

We offer an alternative approach to toxicological risk assessment of new chemicals. We combine Operations Research techniques with those from Machine Learning to tackle the decision‐making process. More specifically, we use Markov decision processes and Bayesian networks to derive the optimal cost‐sensitive time‐efficient Integrated Testing Strategies for chemical hazard classification under minimal expected cost in a mathematically rigorous fashion. We develop Bayesian networks which outperform state‐of‐the‐art mechanistic causal models previously reported. More specifically, these models exhibit accuracy of 90% and sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 84%, respectively. Moreover, the inferred Bayesian networks are of considerably simpler structure as they comprise only the permeation coefficient, octanol/water coefficient, and TIMES software compared to their counterparts already in print, which comprise 15 descriptors. We use these simplified causal models to study the effect of varying misclassification costs on the nature of the optimal policy by means of sensitivity analysis. We note such analysis was previously computationally infeasible due to the fact that the variables which comprised the mechanistic model were categorical assuming a large number of possible values. We find that a variety of optimal policies can emerge subject to different misclassification costs assumed. Theoretical modeling framework developed is illustrated on the concrete example of hazard classification of skin allergens of previously unknown toxicological characteristics via integrating data obtained from in silico assays alone thus contributing to the literature of toxicological decision making based on nonanimal tests.
Hydrocarbon Revenues, the Non‐Hydrocarbon Tax Offset, and the Government Policy Mix
Authors: Elbahnasawy Nasr G. , Sweidan Osama D. , Razavi Rouzbeh
Published: February 2025

The paper investigates the influence of the government policy‐mix choices of fiscal, exchange rate, and monetary policies, as reflected in reserve money changes, on government tax effort and the non‐hydrocarbon tax offset. We find a positive association between changes in reserve money and the non‐hydrocarbon tax offset. Hydrocarbon‐dependent countries that rely more on seigniorage or allocate a larger share of hydrocarbon revenues to the current budget will exhibit higher reserve money growth and reduced tax effort. The combined effect of hydrocarbon revenues and reserve money growth indicates that tax effort is significantly lower than previously suggested in the literature, with a tax offset of approximately 60%, implying higher adjustment costs and a greater need to develop tax capacity in hydrocarbon‐dependent countries. Furthermore, reserve money growth conditions the magnitude of the non‐hydrocarbon tax offset arising from hydrocarbon revenues.
Economies of Scale for Household Wealth: An Analysis of Equivalence Scales
Authors: Rapp Severin
Published: February 2025

Measures of private wealth often refer to households or tax‐units, but how does household wealth relate to individual welfare? Analogous to household economies of scale for consumption, this paper offers a methodology and empirical results to account for household wealth scale effects. These scale effects vary depending on the purpose of savings: funding consumption versus holding wealth for motives such as status (wealth‐in‐utility savings). Using the German Socio‐Economic Panel's stated preference data, I estimate that economies of scale for wealth‐in‐utility savings are high. In addition, the paper offers an empirical application with regard to inequality measurement. As high wealth‐in‐utility economies of scale dominate among the wealthy, estimates of inequality tend to increase. Accounting for scale effects has moderate effects on the Gini index and top wealth shares in Germany, but reduces the wealth share of the bottom 50% of the distribution by up to half.
Arterial and Venous Pressure Dynamics in Blood Flow Restriction Versus Traditional Strength Training
Authors: Ji Sanghyeon , Franz Alexander , Vicas Michaela , Boemer Tobias , Luckmann Stefan , Behringer Michael , Wahl Patrick
Published: February 2025

Strength training responses are influenced by sets, repetitions, and mechanical load, whereas Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training adds the variable of temporarily restricting blood flow via a tourniquet. This has intensified scientific discussions regarding the vascular responses and thereby safety of the BFR method. To address these concerns, we investigated intravascular pressure changes during low‐load (LL‐RT), low‐load with BFR (LL‐BFR‐RT), and high‐load (HL‐RT) exercise. Ten healthy men (26.8 ± 4.59 years) performed unilateral biceps curls to failure in a randomized cross‐over design: (1) LL‐RT (30% 1RM), (2) LL‐BFR‐RT (30% 1RM, 50% LOP), and (3) HL‐RT (75% 1RM). Total workload was significantly higher in LL‐RT (692 ± 251 kg) compared to LL‐BFR‐RT (378 ± 58.7 kg) and HL‐RT (327 ± 65.1 kg, p < 0.001). In terms of mean values, LL‐BFR‐RT resulted in higher diastolic and mean arterial pressures during rest periods between sets compared to other conditions (p ≤ 0.02). Both LL‐RT and LL‐BFR‐RT led to longer durations spent at increased diastolic (above 90 mmHg, LL‐RT: ~419 s vs. LL‐BFR‐RT: ~356 s vs. Hl‐RT: ~122 s), systolic (above 140 mmHg, LL‐RT: ~437 s vs. LL‐BFR‐RT: ~336 s vs. HL‐RT: ~199 s), and mean arterial pressures (above 107 mmHg, LL‐RT: ~451 s vs. LL‐BFR‐RT: ~384 s vs. HL‐RT: ~168 s) compared to HL‐RT (p ≤ 0.028). Relative to total exercise time, LL‐BFR‐RT resulted in higher proportion of time spent at elevated diastolic (above 90 mmHg, LL‐RT: ~56.5% vs. LL‐BFR‐RT: ~68.7% vs. Hl‐RT: ~33.5%) and mean arterial pressures (above 107 mmHg, LL‐RT: ~60.8% vs. LL‐BFR‐RT: ~74.0% vs. HL‐RT: ~45.7%) compared to HL‐RT (p ≤ 0.034). Peripheral venous pressure was significantly higher in LL‐BFR‐RT compared to other conditions (p < 0.001), with both absolute and relative time spent at higher pressures (above 75 mmHg, LL‐RT: ~57.0 s and ~ 9.12% vs. LL‐BFR‐RT: ~424 s and ~ 81.7% vs. HL‐RT: ~36.0 s and ~ 8.99%, p ≤ 0.002). Our results suggest that BFR training performed to failure imposes greater arterial and venous stress in the exercising limb compared to high‐load training without BFR, particularly due to prolonged exposure to elevated pressures. Further research is needed to assess the potential risks of elevated local arterial and venous pressure responses by frequent BFR use, particularly in populations with pre‐existing medical conditions.
Social Cognitive Skills in African American Youth: Parental Cognitive Restructuring and Youth Support Seeking
Authors: Jimenez Virnaliz , Tu Kelly M.
Published: February 2025

Navigating challenging peer experiences is typical during early adolescence, and youths’ social cognitions—social appraisals and social self‐efficacy—about such challenges have implications for their subsequent peer interactions. Parents can play a role in shaping youth social cognitive skills by socializing youth on how to think about challenging peer situations (i.e., cognitive restructuring advice), and the extent to which youth seek parental advice could affect the parent socialization–youth outcome link. Thus, this study aimed to examine parents’ cognitive restructuring advice in response to peer challenges (thinking about the situation in non‐threatening ways) and the association with youths’ social appraisals and self‐efficacy about 1 year later. Youth support seeking was tested as a moderator of this association. Aims were tested with a community sample of predominantly rural low‐income African American (AA) families, which included 90 AA adolescents and their parents at T1; 87 families returned at T2. We found that parents’ cognitive restructuring suggestions ranged from none or vague cognitive restructuring advice to elaborated cognitive restructuring advice; on average, parents reported vague advice. Results from hierarchical regression analyses revealed that main effects of T1 parents’ cognitive restructuring advice and T1 youth‐reported support seeking did not emerge for either T2 youth‐reported social appraisals or self‐efficacy. However, youth support seeking emerged as a moderator, such that more elaborated parental cognitive restructuring advice was linked with youths’ more positive social appraisals, whereas vague to no cognitive restructuring advice was associated with less positive social appraisals but only among youth who reported higher support seeking.
Age‐Related Variations of Corneal Sensitivity in Puppies Beagle Dogs
Authors: Chahory Sabine , Maringue Célia , Huiban Pierre , Desquilbet Loïc
Published: February 2025

Objective

To evaluate the evolution of corneal sensitivity in healthy beagle puppies during the first weeks of life, compare these results with adult corneal sensitivity, and determine the age at which adult corneal sensitivity levels are reached.

Animals Studied

Twelve puppies and five adult females.

Procedures

Corneal sensitivity was assessed in puppies weekly from 2 to 7 weeks of age and in their mothers by measuring the corneal touch threshold (CTT) in the central cornea using a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer. Hygrometric and temperature measurements were recorded throughout the study period.

Results

In puppies, esthesiometry indicated a progressive decrease in corneal sensitivity with age. Sensitivity was higher between 2 and 4 weeks, which stabilized between 5 and 7 weeks, with a median CTT values of 0.5, 0.5, 0.8, 1.4, 1.2, and 1.4 g/mm2 at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks, respectively. The median CTT in puppies reached the adult median value (1.4 g/mm2) at 5 weeks. The median CTT at 2 weeks was significantly different from the median CTT at 7 weeks (0.5 vs. 1.4 g/mm2). Humidity and temperature were not significantly associated with corneal sensitivity in adults.

Conclusions

In this study, corneal sensitivity in beagle puppies was higher during the first 3 weeks of life compared to 7 weeks. During this early period, puppies exhibited corneal sensitivity levels exceeding those of adults, which subsequently decreased to adult‐equivalent values between 5 and 7 weeks of age.
Criteria for extension of commutativity to fractional iterates of holomorphic self‐maps in the unit disc
Authors: Contreras Manuel D. , Díaz‐Madrigal Santiago , Gumenyuk Pavel
Published: February 2025

Let be a univalent non‐elliptic self‐map of the unit disc  and let be a continuous one‐parameter semigroup of holomorphic functions in such that commutes with . This assumption does not imply that all elements of the semigroup  commute with . In this paper, we provide a number of sufficient conditions that guarantee that for all : This holds, for example, if and have a common boundary (regular or irregular) fixed point different from their common Denjoy–Wolff point , or when has a boundary regular fixed point at which is isogonal, or when has an unrestricted limit at . In addition, we analyze how behaves in the petals of the semigroup .
Carbon dioxide regulates
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
PhoPR signaling and virulence
Authors: Dechow Shelby J. , Goyal Rajni , Johnson Benjamin K. , Haiderer Elizabeth R. , Abramovitch Robert B.
Published: February 2025

The
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) two-component regulatory system PhoPR is implicated in pH sensing within the macrophage because it is strongly induced by acidic pH both
in vitro
and the macrophage phagosome. The carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor ethoxzolamide inhibits PhoPR signaling supporting the hypothesis that CO
2
may also play a role in regulating PhoPR. Here, we show that increasing CO
2
concentration induces PhoPR signaling, at both pH 7.0 and pH 5.7. At acidic pH 5.7, a normally strong inducer of PhoPR signaling, increasing CO
2
from 0.5% to 5% further induces the pathway, showing CO
2
acts synergistically with acidic pH to induce the PhoPR regulon. Based on these findings, we propose that PhoPR functions as a CO
2
sensor. Mtb has three CA (CanA, CanB, and CanC), and using CRISPR interference knockdowns and gene deletion mutants, we assessed which CAs regulate PhoPR signaling and macrophage survival. We first examined if CA played a role in Mtb pathogenesis and observed that CanB was required for survival in macrophages, where the knockdown strain had ~1-log reduction in survival. To further define the interplay of CO
2
and Mtb signaling, we conducted transcriptional profiling experiments at varying pH and CO
2
concentrations. As hypothesized, we observed that the induction of PhoPR at acidic pH is dependent on CO
2
concentration, with a subset of core PhoPR regulon genes dependent on both 5% CO
2
and acidic pH for their induction, including expression of the ESX-1 secretion system. Transcriptional profiling also revealed core CO
2
-responsive genes that were differentially expressed independently of the PhoPR regulon or the acidic pH-inducible regulon. Notably, genes regulated by a second two-component regulatory system, TrcRS, are associated with adaptation to changes in CO
2
.
Identification of two glycosyltransferases required for synthesis of membrane glycolipids in
Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Zbylicki Brianne R. , Cochran Sierra , Weiss David S. , Ellermeier Craig D.
Published: February 2025

Clostridioides difficile
infections cause over 12,000 deaths and an estimated one billion dollars in healthcare costs annually in the United States. The cell membrane is an essential structure that is important for protection from the extracellular environment, signal transduction, and transport of nutrients. The polar membrane lipids of
C. difficile
are ~50% glycolipids, a higher percentage than most other organisms. The glycolipids of
C. difficile
consist of monohexosyldiradylglycerol (MHDRG) (~14%), dihexosyldiradylglycerol (DHDRG) (~15%), trihexosyldiradylglycerol (THDRG) (~5%), and a unique glycolipid aminohexosyl-hexosyldiradylglycerol (HNHDRG) (~16%). Previously, we found that HexSDF are required for the synthesis of HNHDRG. The enzymes required for the synthesis of MHDRG, DHDRG, and THDRG are not known. In this study, we identified the glycosyltransferases UgtA (CDR20291_0008), which is required for the synthesis of all glycolipids, and UgtB (CDR20291_1186), which is required for the synthesis of DHDRG and THDRG. We propose a model where UgtA synthesizes only MHDRG, HexSDF synthesize HNHDRG from MHDRG, and UgtB synthesizes DHDRG and potentially THDRG from MHDRG. We also report that glycolipids are important for critical cell functions, including sporulation, cell size and morphology, maintaining membrane fluidity, colony morphology, and resistance to some membrane-targeting antimicrobials.

IMPORTANCE

Clostridioides difficile
infections are the leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea.
C. difficile
poses a risk to public health due to its ability to form spores and cause recurrent infections. Glycolipids make up ~50% of the polar lipids in the
C. difficile
membrane, a higher percentage than other common pathogens and include a unique glycolipid not present in other organisms. Here, we identify glycosyltransferases required for the synthesis of glycolipids in
C. difficile
and demonstrate the important role glycolipids play in
C. difficile
physiology.
Complete genome sequence of a virulent barcoded
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
str. Erdman commonly used for non-human primate infection studies
Authors: Marin Maximilian G. , Chase Michael R. , Quinones Natalia , Wakabayashi Shoko , Mugahid Douaa , Fortune Sarah M. , Farhat Maha R. , Chao Michael C.
Published: February 2025

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), which claims over a million lives per year. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a virulent barcoded
M. tuberculosis
Erdman strain that has been used extensively for non-human primate infection research studies, characterized using long- and short-read technologies.
Genome sequencing of a metallo-beta-lactamase-producing
Escherichia coli
Ne7 strain isolated from a patient with urinary tract infection in Ahvaz-Iran
Authors: Rasmi Hassan Ihab , Rezatofighi Seyedeh Elham , Motamedi Hossein , Rahman Md. Tanvir
Published: February 2025

We report the draft genome sequence of an extensively drug-resistant and metallo-beta-lactamase-producing
Escherichia coli
Ne7 strain isolated from a urinary tract infection patient. Under the O8:H9 serotype and F phylogenetic group, this strain had a sequence type of ST648, five replicon plasmids, 16 virulence genes, and 21 antibiotic resistance genes.
Re-evaluating the tectonic affinity of Proterozoic crustal provinces in the Southwest USA: Detrital zircon evidence for a Laurentian source for the Yavapai and Mojave Provinces
Authors: Hillenbrand Ian W. , Gilmer Amy K. , Premo Wayne R. , Williams Michael L. , Jercinovic Michael J.
Published: February 2025

Models for crustal growth commonly involve the accretion of dominantly juvenile crust to continental margins. However, tracking the provenance and tectonic affinity of dominantly juvenile crustal provinces is challenging. This difficulty is highlighted by uncertainty over whether the Yavapai and Mojave Provinces, part of the >1300-km-wide system of Proterozoic orogens in southwestern Laurentia, (1) have similar crustal and tectonic histories and (2) if they formed on or near Laurentian, Australian, or Antarctic cratons. Here, we contribute new large-n detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and Sm-Nd whole-rock isotope geochemistry to help constrain the provenance of the Yavapai Province and address these broader questions. Yavapai Province metasedimentary rocks from central Colorado in the southwestern USA have abundant pre-1.80 Ga detrital zircon grains, with ca. 1.85 Ga, 2.30 Ga, and 2.50−2.70 Ga peaks, and variable amounts of 1.79−1.78 Ga grains. Evolved whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopic compositions from these rocks, including 2.36−2.08 Ga model ages, also suggest mixing between 1.79 Ga and 1.78 Ga Yavapai Province arcs and early Proterozoic to Archean sources. Nearly identical pre-1.8 Ga detrital and inherited zircon age distributions suggest that the Yavapai and Mojave Provinces formed on and/or incorporated similar material. The Trans-Hudson orogen, and to a slightly lesser extent the Penokean orogen, provide the closest matches to the pre-1.80 Ga material in the Yavapai and Mojave Provinces. This similarity, coupled with a weaker resemblance to Australian and Antarctic sources, support a Laurentian affinity for the Yavapai and Mojave Provinces. We envision Paleoproterozoic arc formation on both oceanic crust and material of Laurentian affinity and multiple phases of arc-back-arc genesis, closure, and accretionary tectonism along the long-lived margin of the supercontinent Columbia (Nuna).
Cost-effectiveness of health insurance among women engaged in transactional sex and impacts on HIV transmission in Cameroon: a mathematical model
Authors: Allel Kasim , Cust Henry , Mfochive Iliassou , Szawlowski Sandie , Nitcheu Emile , Tamgno Eric Defo , Moyoum Stephanie , Noo Julienne , Billong Serge , Tamoufe Ubald , Lepine Aurelia
Published: February 2025

Introduction

HIV prevalence disproportionately affects high-risk populations, particularly female sex workers in Africa. Women and girls engaging in transactional sex (WGTS) face similar health risks from unsafe practices, economic vulnerabilities and stigma. However, they are not recognised.

Methods

Using existing literature and data from the POWER randomised controlled trial, we developed a deterministic compartmental model to assess HIV dynamics among WGTS, their sugar daddies and low-risk populations. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a new structural intervention to prevent HIV among WGTS in urban Cameroon by reducing the financial need to engage in transactional sex in the case of illness and injury shocks to the household. The intervention provided free healthcare to WGTS and their economic dependents through a zero-cost health insurance package. We explored the cost-effectiveness of this intervention considering various population coverage levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) and HIV infections averted, employing both univariable and global sensitivity analyses. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses considered all parameters, including the insurance effect in reducing HIV, comparing simulated ICERs to willingness-to-pay thresholds. We also compared the health insurance strategy with expanding pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage. All costs were evaluated in 2023 UK pounds (£) using a 3% discount rate, with Cameroon’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita recorded at £1239.

Results

Implementing health insurance coverage levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% yielded ICERs/DALY averted of £2795 (£2483—£2824), £2541 (£2370—£2592), £2263 (£2156—£2316) and £1952 (£1891—£1998), respectively, compared with 0% coverage. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated an ICER=£2128/DALY averted at 100% coverage, with 58% of simulations showing ICERs<GDP per capita. Maintaining health insurance’s effect in reducing HIV above 70% could provide significant health and economic benefits. However, antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy significantly impacted HIV infection prevention (partial rank correlation coefficient=−0.62, p<0.001) in global sensitivity analyses; expanding ART could reduce the cost-effectiveness of health insurance. While PrEP alone is not cost-effective, combining 20% PrEP coverage with 75%–100% health insurance for WGTS maximises DALYs averted (ICER/DALY averted=£2436–£2102) and reduces infections.

Conclusion

A comprehensive health insurance scheme for women in Cameroon could significantly reduce HIV infections and DALYs, promoting a more inclusive and targeted healthcare policy for women at high risk of HIV.
A fast inductance calculation method for equivalent circuit models of non-insulation superconducting coils
Authors: Peng Shuhao , Xu Qingchuan , Li Honglei , Huang Hua , Sheng Jie , Wang Xueliang , Li Songling , Jin Zhijian
Published: February 2025

To calculate the inductance of non-insulation superconducting coils fast and accurately is significant. The inductance of coils influences the charging–discharging characteristic and loss in process. The Neumann Formula is a traditional calculating method of inductance. The finite element method with software can also complete calculation, but these two methods have complex modeling process and consume much computational resource, especially the latter. This paper reserves the advantage of Neumann Formula in calculating inductance and combines it with the geometric mean distance principle, thus decreasing the computational quantity and also meeting the demand of accuracy. Besides, for non-insulation superconducting coils with D-shape, the method in this paper calculates self-inductance of every segment of coils and mutual inductance to fill in the inductance matrix of the equivalent circuit model, supporting the obtain of current of every wire in coils and voltage of total coils and other research demand.
Automatic Annotation Method for Music Post-Production Based on Hybrid Boltzmann Machine and Pitch Features
Authors: Yan Lin
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the accuracy of music post-production annotation and the score of music post-production automatic annotation, this paper proposes a music post-production automatic annotation method based on a hybrid Boltzmann machine (HBM) and pitch features. First, obtain the post-production music label dataset, and obtain the song theme label dataset and song sentiment label dataset through statistical analysis. Second, the dataset is partitioned using a dataset partitioning method and stored in MP3 format. Then, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is used to process the frames of the audio to obtain the spectrum, and a mixed Boltzmann machine is used to perform low-pass filtering and downsampling on each subband to obtain the amplitude envelope of the audio on the time axis. The first five peaks obtained are added together to obtain a beat histogram, which enables the extraction of pitch features for later production music. Finally, the music sequence is modeled using the BRNN network structure, and the attention weights of post-production music sequence features are calculated. The Mel score of the song is preprocessed, and the prediction probability of the song’s music labels is obtained through music classification methods. The configuration information of the labels is read. The labels are filtered based on the threshold in the label configuration information, the final labels are stored in the database, and an automatic annotation method is implemented for music post-production. The results show that the annotation accuracy of our method can reach 99.97%, and the annotation score can reach 0.98. Our method has stronger robustness.
An Empirical Study on the Relationship Between Defects and Source Code’s Unnaturalness
Authors: Jiang Yanjie , Liu Hui , Liu Jinyan , Zhang Yuxia , Ji Weixing , Zhong Hao , Zhang Lu
Published: February 2025

Natural languages are “natural” in that texts in natural languages are repetitive and predictable. Recent research indicates that programming languages share similar characteristics (naturalness), with source code displaying patterns of repetition and predictability. Notably, studies have shown that buggy code deviates from these natural patterns in that buggy code is significantly less natural than bug-free one. In this paper, we conduct a large-scale and extensive empirical study to investigate whether code defects lead to unnaturalness of source code. Different from existing studies, we leverage multiple large-scale and high-quality bug repositories where bug-irrelevant changes in bug-fixing commits have been explicitly excluded. The leveraged software applications cover different programming languages, and the empirical study involves real-world software defects as well as defects injected automatically with well-known mutation operators. On one side, our evaluation results confirm existing studies in that buggy source code lines are often less natural than bug-free ones. On the other side, our evaluation reveals some interesting new findings. First, fixing bugs does not significantly improve the naturalness of code lines and the fixed lines on average are as unnatural as buggy ones. This finding may suggest that software defects are not the root causes of source code’s unnaturalness although there does existing statistically significant correlation between software defects and source code’s naturalness. Second, defects in different programming languages have similar effect on source code’s naturalness. The conclusions (i.e., buggy code is less natural but fixing the bugs cannot improve source code’s naturalness) hold regardless of the programming languages. Third, injecting defects automatically by well-known mutation operators does not significantly reduce the naturalness of involved source code lines. This suggests that automatically injected defects may have a similar impact on the naturalness of source code as real-world defects inadvertently introduced by developers. Fourth, the detects’ impact on source code’s naturalness varies slightly among different categories of software defects. Although fixing bugs on average does not significantly improve the naturalness of involved source code, fixing
”checking”
related bugs does significantly improve the naturalness of source code. Finally, locating buggy code lines according to naturalness alone is inaccurate, resulting in extremely low precision (less than one percent).
A Novel Missense Variant of BMPR1A in Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome: Assessment of Structural and Functional Alternations
Authors: Yang Mengyuan , Tong Ziyan , Yuan Zhijun , Jiang Bingjing , Zhao Yingxin , Xu Dong , Yuan Ying
Published: February 2025

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is a rare precancerous condition associated with a high susceptibility to colorectal cancer. The genetic basis of JPS has been reported to lie in germline mutations in BMPR1A or SMAD4, resulting in diverse clinical manifestations and an elusive underlying mechanism. We firstly utilized a 139‐gene next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel to detect the germline variants and further employed various prediction tools to assess the pathogenicity and functional alternations. Consequently, we identified a novel pathogenic BMPR1A missense variant (c.355C>T; p.R119C). More importantly, we proposed for the first time that the missense variant would lead to a decrease in molecular weight, potentially associated with reduced protein stability, diminished posttranslational modifications, and aberrant alternative splicing. These findings may provide novel perspectives for further exploration into the role of BMPR1A in JPS development. Also, we hope to encourage clinicians to underscore the importance of genetic testing and analysis in facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
PANoptosis‐Related Optimal Model (PROM): A Novel Prognostic Tool Unveiling Immune Dynamics in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Peng Jianming , Tong Leijie , Liang Rui , Yan Huisen , Jiang Xiuling , Dai Youai
Published: February 2025

Background: PANoptosis, a recently characterized inflammatory programmed cell death modality orchestrated by the PANoptosome complex, integrates molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Although this pathway potentially mediates tumor progression, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains largely unexplored.

Methods: Through comprehensive single‐cell transcriptomic profiling, we systematically identified critical PANoptosis‐associated gene signatures. Prognostic molecular determinants were subsequently delineated via univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. We constructed a PANoptosis‐related optimal model (PROM) through the integration of 10 machine learning algorithms. The model was initially developed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐LUAD cohort and subsequently validated across six independent LUAD cohorts. Model performance was evaluated using mean concordance index. Furthermore, we conducted extensive multiomics analyses to delineate differential pathway activation patterns and immune cell infiltration profiles between PROM‐stratified risk subgroups.

Results: Cellular populations exhibiting elevated PANoptosis signatures demonstrated enhanced intercellular signaling networks. PROM demonstrated superior prognostic capability across multiple validation cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed area under the curve values exceeding 0.7 across all seven cohorts, with several achieving values above 0.8, indicating robust discriminative performance. The model score exhibited significant correlation with immunological parameters. Notably, high PROM scores were associated with attenuated immune responses, suggesting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Multiomics investigations revealed significant alterations in critical oncogenic pathways and immune landscape between PROM‐stratified subgroups.

Conclusion: This investigation establishes PROM as a clinically applicable prognostic tool for LUAD risk stratification. Beyond its predictive utility, PROM elucidates PANoptosis‐associated immunological and biological mechanisms underlying LUAD progression. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into LUAD pathogenesis and may inform the development of targeted therapeutic interventions and personalized treatment strategies to optimize patient outcomes.
Development and Characterization of Banana Starch– and Guava Peel Extract–Based Sustainable Packaging Films
Authors: Teja Challa Ravi , Mondal Imdadul Hoque , Dash Kshirod Kumar , Bana Himanshu , Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram , Béla Kovács
Published: February 2025

In order to compensate the use of plastics, biodegradable starch–based polymer films have been introduced. Banana starch is considered suitable for use in food packaging applications, implying that films made from banana starch can be used directly for the packaging of various food products without causing any health hazards. This study focuses on development of a biodegradable film using banana starch incorporated with guava leaf extract. Guava leaf extract serves as an antimicrobial agent to the formulation. Thereby, banana starch–based film can display antimicrobial properties, which could potentially prolong the shelf life of perishable food items by preventing microbial spoilage. The film was analyzed for solubility, water absorption capacity, water vapor transfer rate, total polyphenol, moisture content, and antimicrobial activity for varied starch (2%–6%), guava leaf extract (1%–3%), and glycerol (10%–25%) concentrations. The analysis affirmed the optimum combinations as 2.28% starch, 1.37% guava leaf extract, and 15.26% glycerol. Corresponding response variables such as thickness, solubility, water absorption capacity, total polyphenol, zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli, and moisture content achieved were 0.081 mm, 42.35%, 50.66%, 31.92 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, 7.12 mm, and 7.94%, respectively. In summary, antimicrobial banana starch–based packaging film presents a promising alternative for food packaging on commercial basis. Further, this would cause minimum environmental impact and help in food preservation.
The Relationship Between Staffing, Nurses’ Emotional Exhaustion, and Adverse Patient Events in Critical Care Units in Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al Sabei Sulaiman , Qutishat Mohammed , Labrague Leodoro , Al-Rwajfah Omar , Burney Ikram , AbulRub Raeda
Published: February 2025

Background: Ensuring safe practices remains a top priority for healthcare policymakers. However, limited evidence has examined the link between individual, work‐related factors, and patient safety within critical care units in Oman.

Aim: To assess the relationship between staffing levels, job‐related emotional exhaustion, and adverse patient events among nurses working in critical care units.

Design: A cross‐sectional study was conducted to collect data from critical care nurses in Oman. Nurses were recruited using a stratified proportional sampling method.

Results: A total of 694 critical care nurses participated in the study. More than half (64.1%) of the critical care nurses experienced higher levels of emotional exhaustion. Significant predictors of adverse patient events included nurse staffing level (r = 0.09, p < 0.001), emotional exhaustion (β = 0.25, p < 0.001), hospital type (being affiliated with nonteaching hospitals) (p = 0.021), and nationality (β = −0.15, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The occurrence of nurse‐reported adverse events was associated with several key variables, including nurse staffing levels, emotional exhaustion, hospital type, and nationality.

Implications for Nursing Management: To improve patient safety, healthcare policymakers should prioritize optimizing nurse staffing levels and implement strategies to reduce emotional exhaustion, particularly in nonteaching hospitals and among specific nurse demographics.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Patient‐Centered Care at Cancer Center: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: AL-Ruzzieh Majeda A. , AL-Helih Yahia M. , Ayaad Omar , Haroun Anas , Alnaimat Sumaiah
Published: February 2025

Background: Patient‐centered care (PCC) plays a significant role in achieving patient and organizational outcomes such as enhancing providers’ reputations, enhancing productivity and morale among providers, ensuring effective resource allocation, and decreasing expenses and costs. This study aims at evaluation of PCC in oncology settings from patients, healthcare providers, and family members’ perspectives alongside with clinical observation.

Method: The study employed a qualitative multimethods design utilizing purposive sampling. Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients, their families, and healthcare providers to gather diverse perspectives. Additionally, alongside with the interviews, the study involved conducting clinical observations within the patient unit. A hybrid thematic analysis approach was employed, combining both deductive and inductive methods. Deductive content analysis focused on examining predefined themes informed by existing literature, while inductive analysis allowed for the identification of emerging new insights and emerging patterns.

Findings: This study showed that oncology patients had good experiences with most of the Institute of Medicine PCC domains. However, clinical observation showed that some things could be performed better, like how responsive and communicative the staff was. The frontline healthcare providers emphasized facilitators like proper training and clear policies, while also identifying barriers like workload and differing patient needs.

Conclusion: The comprehensive evaluation affords healthcare leaders valuable information to enhance PCC within the oncology context. This paper discusses targeted strategies to improve PCC.
Table S4 from Clinical Efficacy of ONC201 in H3K27M-Mutant Diffuse Midline Gliomas Is Driven by Disruption of Integrated Metabolic and Epigenetic Pathways
Authors: Venneti Sriram , Kawakibi Abed Rahman , Ji Sunjong , Waszak Sebastian M. , Sweha Stefan R. , Mota Mateus , Pun Matthew , Deogharkar Akash , Chung Chan , Tarapore Rohinton S. , Ramage Samuel , Chi Andrew , Wen Patrick Y. , Arrillaga-Romany Isabel , Batchelor Tracy T. , Butowski Nicholas A. , Sumrall Ashley , Shonka Nicole , Harrison Rebecca A. , de Groot John , Mehta Minesh , Hall Matthew D. , Daghistani Doured , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Ellingson Benjamin M. , Beccaria Kevin , Varlet Pascale , Kim Michelle M. , Umemura Yoshie , Garton Hugh , Franson Andrea , Schwartz Jonathan , Jain Rajan , Kachman Maureen , Baum Heidi , Burant Charles F. , Mottl Sophie L. , Cartaxo Rodrigo T. , John Vishal , Messinger Dana , Qin Tingting , Peterson Erik , Sajjakulnukit Peter , Ravi Karthik , Waugh Alyssa , Walling Dustin , Ding Yujie , Xia Ziyun , Schwendeman Anna , Hawes Debra , Yang Fusheng , Judkins Alexander R. , Wahl Daniel , Lyssiotis Costas A. , de la Nava Daniel , Alonso Marta M. , Eze Augustine , Spitzer Jasper , Schmidt Susanne V. , Duchatel Ryan J. , Dun Matthew D. , Cain Jason E. , Jiang Li , Stopka Sylwia A. , Baquer Gerard , Regan Michael S. , Filbin Mariella G. , Agar Nathalie Y.R. , Zhao Lili , Kumar-Sinha Chandan , Mody Rajen , Chinnaiyan Arul , Kurokawa Ryo , Pratt Drew , Yadav Viveka N. , Grill Jacques , Kline Cassie , Mueller Sabine , Resnick Adam , Nazarian Javad , Allen Joshua E. , Odia Yazmin , Gardner Sharon L. , Koschmann Carl
Published: February 2025

Summary of historical control datasets.
Table S14 from Clinical Efficacy of ONC201 in H3K27M-Mutant Diffuse Midline Gliomas Is Driven by Disruption of Integrated Metabolic and Epigenetic Pathways
Authors: Venneti Sriram , Kawakibi Abed Rahman , Ji Sunjong , Waszak Sebastian M. , Sweha Stefan R. , Mota Mateus , Pun Matthew , Deogharkar Akash , Chung Chan , Tarapore Rohinton S. , Ramage Samuel , Chi Andrew , Wen Patrick Y. , Arrillaga-Romany Isabel , Batchelor Tracy T. , Butowski Nicholas A. , Sumrall Ashley , Shonka Nicole , Harrison Rebecca A. , de Groot John , Mehta Minesh , Hall Matthew D. , Daghistani Doured , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Ellingson Benjamin M. , Beccaria Kevin , Varlet Pascale , Kim Michelle M. , Umemura Yoshie , Garton Hugh , Franson Andrea , Schwartz Jonathan , Jain Rajan , Kachman Maureen , Baum Heidi , Burant Charles F. , Mottl Sophie L. , Cartaxo Rodrigo T. , John Vishal , Messinger Dana , Qin Tingting , Peterson Erik , Sajjakulnukit Peter , Ravi Karthik , Waugh Alyssa , Walling Dustin , Ding Yujie , Xia Ziyun , Schwendeman Anna , Hawes Debra , Yang Fusheng , Judkins Alexander R. , Wahl Daniel , Lyssiotis Costas A. , de la Nava Daniel , Alonso Marta M. , Eze Augustine , Spitzer Jasper , Schmidt Susanne V. , Duchatel Ryan J. , Dun Matthew D. , Cain Jason E. , Jiang Li , Stopka Sylwia A. , Baquer Gerard , Regan Michael S. , Filbin Mariella G. , Agar Nathalie Y.R. , Zhao Lili , Kumar-Sinha Chandan , Mody Rajen , Chinnaiyan Arul , Kurokawa Ryo , Pratt Drew , Yadav Viveka N. , Grill Jacques , Kline Cassie , Mueller Sabine , Resnick Adam , Nazarian Javad , Allen Joshua E. , Odia Yazmin , Gardner Sharon L. , Koschmann Carl
Published: February 2025

GSEA analysis of genes with significantly lower H3K27ac at promoters and enhancers and reduced gene expression in DIPG007 cells treated with ONC201 versus vehicle.
Sex Differences for Social Determinants Associated with Lewy Body Dementia Onset and Diagnosis
Authors: Bayram Ece , Wyman-Chick Kathryn A. , Costello Reilly , Ghodsi Hamidreza , Rivera Charlotte S. , Solomon Lisa , Kane Joseph P.M. , Litvan Irene
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Multiple studies report sex and gender differences in Lewy body dementia (LBD); however, there is a paucity of research investigating social determinants associated with LBD.

Methods: Participants with LBD (51 females, 79 males) and controls with similar age (64 females, 60 males) completed remote surveys assessing various social and demographic variables, and age at LBD onset for LBD group. Sex-stratified comparisons for LBD and control groups; comparisons of females and males with LBD were done for social determinants. Sex differences for onset age were further analyzed with linear models adjusting for significantly differing social variables between the sexes.

Results: LBD group had lower years of education, income, subjective social status than controls; with larger differences for males than females (p<.05 for all). Higher percentage of females with LBD were living alone (p=.016) and not married/partnered (p=.002) compared to males with LBD. Adjusting for social variables that differed between the sexes, females were younger at cognitive impairment onset (p=.037) and diagnosis (p=.032). For the overall cohort, being ethnoracially minoritized, sexual and gender minoritized, and having lower education quality were associated with younger age at symptom onset (p<.049 for all). For females, lower childhood subjective social status (p=.037); for males, being ethnoracially minoritized (p<.001) and lower years of education (p=.031) were associated with younger age at diagnosis.

Conclusion: Social determinants, even during childhood can impact the LBD onset differently for females and males. Interactions between biological and social factors need to be investigated further with inclusive and diverse cohorts in LBD.
Níveis de aptidão física em atletas amadores de beach tennis
Authors: Ferrari Rodrigo , Carpes Leandro de Oliveira , Domingues Lucas Betti , Maynart Renato , Jung Nathalia
Published: February 2025

Sports practice is one of the most efficient strategies to improve physical fitness. Beach tennis has been gaining popularity due to the ease of learning, attracting recreational practitioners and amateur athletes. The purpose this study was to evaluate the levels of physical fitness in amateur beach tennis athletes in the city of Porto Alegre. Methods: 31 amateur beach tennis athletes participated in the study of both sexes (40.4 ± 7.7 years), performed upper limb strength assessments through handgrip test and lower limb muscle strength and power through the lower limb test. vertical jump (Countermovement Jump - CMJ). Men and women presented different values in the handgrip tests (men 64.8 ± 9.3; women 50.1 ± 12.7 Kgf; P = 0,001), CMJ in heel height (men 37.1 ± 7.5; women 25 , 5 ± 2.5 cm; P = <0,001) and jumping power (men 4671.3 ± 994.9; women 2423.8 ± 458.4 W; P = <0,001). It’s concluded that despite the growth in the practice of beach tennis in Brazil and around the world, research on this topic is lacking. The results of this study revealed data that can be used as parameters for amateur athletes and fitness coaches.