bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Verbal and Nonverbal Communication, Students’ Psychological Needs, and Positive and Negative Outcomes in Physical Education
Authors: Moreno-Casado Héctor , Leo Francisco M. , López-Gajardo Miguel A. , García-Calvo Tomás , Pulido Juan J.
Published: September 2023

Focused on physical education (PE), this study examined the association between teachers’ communication and students’ psychological needs, enjoyment/boredom, PE usefulness, and students’ grade perception. Participants were 1,000 students (572 girls; Mage = 14.58 ± 0.65) from 29 Spanish secondary schools. A path model including variables measured at three times was tested: teachers’ verbal/nonverbal communication (Time 1), needs satisfaction/frustration (Time 2), and PE outcomes (Time 3). Verbal communication positively predicted needs satisfaction, which, in turn, positively predicted enjoyment, PE usefulness, and students’ grade perception and negatively predicted boredom. Verbal communication negatively predicted needs frustration, which was a positive predictor of boredom. Multigroup analysis showed that gender did not moderate the associations in the path model, whereas mediating effects were found between teachers’ communication and consequences via students’ psychological needs. Teachers should improve their communicative capacities to satisfy students’ psychological needs and promote positive PE  outcomes.
Salivary microbiome of healthy women of reproductive age
Authors: Cauwenberghs Eline , Oerlemans Eline , Wittouck Stijn , Allonsius Camille Nina , Gehrmann Thies , Ahannach Sarah , De Boeck Ilke , Spacova Irina , Bron Peter A. , Donders Gilbert , Verhoeven Veronique , Lebeer Sarah
Published: September 2023

The human salivary microbial community plays a crucial role in local and systemic diseases. Biological and lifestyle factors such as menstrual cycle, oral hygiene, and smoking have been documented to impact this community. However, while hormonal contraceptives are the most prescribed drug in healthy women and intimate partners play key roles in microbial exchange between humans, their impact on the salivary microbiome of women of reproductive age have been understudied. Additionally, the role of other lifestyle factors such as diet, allergies, age, and stress on the saliva microbiome of the general population is not well understood. Here, we studied the salivary microbiome of 255 healthy women of reproductive age using self-sampling kits and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing combined with questionnaires on lifestyle and host-related parameters. A preserved salivary bacterial community of 12 genera (
Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Alloprevotella, Campylobacter, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Granulicatella, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Prevotella, Streptococcus,
and
Veillonella
) was identified. Contrary to what we expected, the number of intimate partners or specific contraceptive use did not have a major impact on these bacterial communities. However, recent use of oral antibiotics was associated with a significant decrease in richness at genus level and increase in mean relative abundances of several taxa. Being stressed or nervous was associated with a significantly increased richness of the salivary microbiome at the level of amplicon sequencing variants . Nevertheless, these associations with host-related and lifestyle variables only appeared to be subtle, suggesting that the salivary microbiome is mainly driven by the buccal environment and health status of an individual.

IMPORTANCE

The salivary microbiome has been proven to play a crucial role in local and systemic diseases. Moreover, the effects of biological and lifestyle factors such as oral hygiene and smoking on this microbial community have already been explored. However, what was not yet well understood was the natural variation of the saliva microbiome in healthy women and how this is associated with specific use of hormonal contraception and with the number of different sexual partners with whom microbiome exchange is expected regularly. In this paper, we characterized the salivary microbiome of 255 healthy women of reproductive age using an in-depth questionnaire and self-sampling kits. Using the large metadata set, we were able to investigate the associations of several host-related and lifestyle variables with the salivary microbiome profiles. Our study shows a high preservation between individuals.
The LytS-type histidine kinase BtsS is a 7-transmembrane receptor that binds pyruvate
Authors: Qiu Jin , Gasperotti Ana , Sisattana Nathalie , Zacharias Martin , Jung Kirsten
Published: September 2023

LytS/LytTR-type histidine kinase/response regulator systems regulate crucial host-specific mechanisms during infection of human or plant hosts.
Escherichia coli
has two of them, and the histidine kinase BtsS is a high-affinity sensor for extracellular pyruvate that together with the response regulator BtsR activates the expression of
btsT,
which encodes a high-affinity pyruvate transporter. However, the molecular mechanism of how pyruvate binding triggers a response is still unclear. Here, we experimentally show that BtsS consists of seven transmembrane helices, with the N-terminus exposed on the periplasmic side. Using a site-directed mutagenesis-based screening assay, Arg72, Arg99, Cys110, and Ser113, all located on the periplasmic side in three transmembrane helices, were identified as critical for the binding of pyruvate to BtsS, a finding that was further confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation studies. In addition, Mn
2+
-dependent autophosphorylation of wild-type BtsS was demonstrated for the first time, and individual replacement of the four amino acids affected this process as well as dimerization and consequently
btsT
expression. This study demonstrates how binding of a metabolite to the membrane-integrated sensor domain triggers signaling in the cytoplasm.

IMPORTANCE

Here, we studied the LytS-type histidine kinase BtsS of
E. coli
and identified the pyruvate binding site within the membrane-spanning domains. It is a small cavity, and pyruvate forms interactions with the side chains of Arg72, Arg99, Cys110, and Ser113 located in transmembrane helices III, IV, and V, respectively. Our results can serve as a starting point to convert BtsS into a sensor for structurally similar ligands such as lactate, which can be used as biosensor in medicine.
Advances in the management of type 2 diabetes in adults
Authors: Galindo Rodolfo J , Trujillo Jennifer M , Low Wang Cecilia C , McCoy Rozalina G
Published: September 2023

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and progressive cardiometabolic disorder that affects more than 10% of adults worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, disability, and high costs. Over the past decade, the pattern of management of diabetes has shifted from a predominantly glucose centric approach, focused on lowering levels of haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), to a directed complications centric approach, aimed at preventing short term and long term complications of diabetes, and a pathogenesis centric approach, which looks at the underlying metabolic dysfunction of excess adiposity that both causes and complicates the management of diabetes. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in patient centred care for type 2 diabetes, focusing on drug and non-drug approaches to reducing the risks of complications of diabetes in adults. We also discuss the effects of social determinants of health on the management of diabetes, particularly as they affect the treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.
Medical device education: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial comparing self-directed learning with traditional instructor-led learning on an anaesthesia workstation
Authors: Gutersohn Caterina , Schweingruber Sandra , Haudenschild Maximilian , Huber Markus , Greif Robert , Fuchs Alexander
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Continuous professional development is essential for maintaining competencies in healthcare. This applies to medical device knowledge and safe handling, which are fundamental for patient safety. Little is known about the efficiency of self-directed learning with an integrated video in medical device education. This study investigates whether anaesthesia providers acquire their medical device competencies on an anaesthesia workstation differently via self-directed learning than traditional teacher-led workshops.

Methods and analysis

This single-centre, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial aims to enrol at least 224 anaesthesia providers (ie, certified nurses and physicians). Participants will be randomised to (1) self-directed learning with an integrated learning video (intervention) or (2) a traditional teacher-led workshop (control), for a 1-hour session on a new anaesthesia workstation. The two educational approaches and their effect on medical device competence will be assessed concerning 12 competencies in the same 10 min, objective, structured, clinical examination-like station for both groups. The primary endpoint will be an assessment score of ≥60%. Non-inferiority will be declared if the upper limit of a 90% two-sided CI excludes a difference of more than 10% in favour of the control group. Secondary endpoints will be: (1) the score achieved in the study assessment, (2) the number of open questions after the training, (3) training time in minutes, (4) use of resources and (5) costs, all of which are compared between both groups.

Ethics and dissemination

Study participants will provide written informed consent. All recorded data will be stored on a password-protected research server at the study site accessible only to the investigators. The Bern Cantonal Ethics Committee waived the need for ethical approval (Req-2021–00837; 25 July 2021). There are no ethical, legal or security issues regarding data collection, processing, storage or dissemination.

Trial registration number

NCT05530382, 7 September 2022; ClinicalTrials.gov
Experiences of communities with Lebanon’s model of care for non-communicable diseases: a cross-sectional household survey from Greater Beirut
Authors: Bou-Orm Ibrahim , deVos Pol , Diaconu Karin
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Assess community perceptions of the Lebanese care model for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and trust in the health system among others, and test association between them.

Design

Cross-sectional study using multistage random sampling and targeting adult community members living with NCDs.

Setting

Households in Greater Beirut—Lebanon.

Participants

941 respondents including 574 Lebanese community members and 367 Syrian refugees.

Primary and secondary outcomes

Three main outcomes (barriers to care seeking, perceptions of the care model and trust in healthcare) were assessed including by multiple linear regressions.

Results

Reported NCDs were hypertension (51.3%) and diabetes (34.5%), followed by chronic respiratory conditions (21.9%) and other cardiovascular diseases (20.0%). Communities reported seeking care from different sources. While 78% of Lebanese participants had visited private clinics at least once within the 6 months preceding the survey, 56% of Syrian refugees had done so. Determinants of access to care were health coverage, gender, and employment among Lebanese, and socioeconomic status among Syrian refugees. Lebanese community members had more positive perceptions of the care model compared with Syrian refugees and determinants included sociodemographic characteristics and the type of providers. Trust in the health system was higher among Syrian compared with Lebanese participants and was significantly influenced by the care model score and barriers to care seeking.

Conclusion

Our study generated evidence about the experience of people living with NCDs with Lebanon’s care model and can inform service delivery interventions towards a more inclusive person-centred approach.
Understanding Heterogeneity in Patients’ Conceptualisation of Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cluster Analysis
Authors: Hsiao Betty , Downs Julie S , Lanyon Mandy , Blalock Susan J , Curtis Jeffrey R , Harrold Leslie R , Nowell William Benjamin , Wiedmeyer Carole , Venkatachalam Shilpa , Patterson Mark T , Gavigan Kelly , Stradford Laura , Ali Danielle , Fraenkel Liana
Published: September 2023

Objective

Uptake of treat-to-target (TTT) strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management is low. Our objective was to understand the heterogeneity in patients’ conceptualisation of RA treatment to inform interventions improving TTT uptake.

Design

Eligible participants recruited from an online research registry rated 56 items (on 5-point scales) reflecting concepts raised from patient interviews. Using items describing adhering to physician recommendations to create a binary criterion variable for medication adherence, we conducted a principal components analysis on the remaining items using Varimax rotation, describing how these factors predict adherence over and above demographic characteristics. We further use optimal sets in regression to identify the individual concepts that are most predictive of medication adherence.

Results

We found significant heterogeneity in patients’ conceptualisation of RA treatment among 621 persons with RA. A scree plot revealed a four-factor solution explained 38.4% of the variance. The four factors expected to facilitate TTT uptake were (% variance explained): (1) Access to high quality care and support (11.3%); (2) low decisional conflict related to changing disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (10.1%); (3) endorsement of a favourable DMARD risk/benefit ratio (9.9%); and (4) confidence that testing reflects disease activity (7.2%). These factors account for 13.8% of the variance in full medication adherence, fully explaining the only significant demographic predictor, age of the patient. The individual items most predictive of poor adherence centre on the lack of effective patient–physician communication, specifically insufficient access to information from rheumatologists, along with the need to seek information elsewhere.

Conclusion

Patients’ conceptualisation of RA treatment varies; however, almost all patients have difficulty escalating DMARDs, even with access to quality information and an understanding of the benefits of TTT. Tailored interventions are needed to address patient hesitancy to escalate DMARDs.
SALpingectomy for STERilisation (SALSTER): study protocol for a Swedish multicentre register-based randomised controlled trial
Authors: Magarakis Leonidas , Idahl Annika , Sundfeldt Karin , Liv Per , Pålsson Mathias , Strandell Annika
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Salpingectomy is currently suggested as an alternative to tubal ligation for sterilisation. Precursor lesions of ovarian carcinoma can be found in the fallopian tubes; thus, salpingectomy could possibly reduce the incidence. Most of the existing trials on safety are small, on caesarean section and report on surrogate ovarian function measures. Randomised trials in laparoscopy are lacking. Well-designed trials are needed to evaluate safety of laparoscopic opportunistic salpingectomy.

Methods and analysis

In SALSTER, a national register-based randomised controlled non-inferiority trial, 968 women <50 years, wishing laparoscopic sterilisation will be randomised to either salpingectomy or tubal ligation. The Swedish National Quality Register of Gynecological Surgery (GynOp) will be used for inclusion, randomisation and follow-up. Primary outcomes areany complicationup to 8 weeks postoperatively, andage at menopause. Both outcomes are measured with questionnaires, complications are also assessed by a gynaecologist. In a nested trial, ovarian function will be evaluated comparing the mean difference of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), assessed preoperatively and 1 year after surgery.

Ethics and dissemination

Performing salpingectomy for sterilisation has become increasingly common, despite the unclear risk-benefit balance. SALSTER studies the safety of salpingectomy compared with tubal ligation. Regardless of the result, SALSTER will provide gynaecologists with high quality evidence to inform women to decide on salpingectomy or not. The central ethical review board of Gothenburg, Sweden (Dnr. 316–18) approved the trial in 2018. Results will be presented at scientific congresses and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The results will be communicated through professional organisations and research networks.

Trial registration number

NCT03860805.
Feasibility, effectiveness and acceptability of two perturbation-based treadmill training protocols to improve reactive balance in fall-prone older adults (FEATURE): protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hezel Natalie , Sloot Lizeth H , Wanner Philipp , Becker Clemens , Bauer Jürgen M , Steib Simon , Werner Christian
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Perturbation-based balance training (PBT) targets the mechanism of falls (eg, slipping, tripping) to specifically train the recovery actions needed to avoid a fall. This task-specific training has shown great promise as an effective and efficient intervention for fall prevention in older adults. However, knowledge about the dose–response relationship of PBT, as well as its feasibility and acceptability in older adults with increased risk of falling is still limited. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two different treadmill PBT protocols for improving reactive balance control in fall-prone older adults, and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of these protocols.

Methods and analysis

The study is designed as a pilot randomised controlled trial with a 6-week intervention and 6-week follow-up period. Thirty-six community-dwelling, fall-prone (Timed Up and Go >12 s, habitual gait speed <1.0 m/s and/or fall history) older adults will be randomised (1:1) to receive six (weeks 1–6) or two treadmill PBT sessions (weeks 1+6) plus four conventional treadmill training sessions (weeks 2–5). Training sessions are conducted 1×/week for 30 min. Each PBT will include 40 perturbations in anterior–posterior and mediolateral directions. Reactive balance after perturbations in standing (Stepping Threshold Test (STT)) and walking (Dynamic Stepping Threshold Test (DSTT)) will be assessed as the primary outcome for effectiveness. Secondary outcomes are spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters collected during STT, DSTT and PBT, maximum perturbation magnitude for each PBT session, static and dynamic balance, physical capacity, physical activity, concerns with falling and executive functions. Feasibility will be assessed via training adherence, drop-out rate, perturbations actually performed and adverse events; and acceptability via self-designed questionnaire and focus groups.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty Heidelberg (S-602/2022). Findings will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

DRKS00030805.
Temporal trends of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Denmark: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zörner Christopher Ryan , Pallisgaard Jannik , Schjerning Anne-Marie , Jensen Morten Kvistholm , Tønnesen Jacob , Da Riis-Vestergaard Lise , Middelfart Charlotte , Rasmussen Peter Vibe , Gislason Gunnar , Hansen Morten Lock
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To describe the population of patients diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Denmark and determine temporal trends in incidence and patient characteristics over time.

Design

Nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Danish nationwide administrative and clinical registers and databases.

Participants

All patients aged ≥16 years diagnosed with HCM from 2005 to 2018.

Outcomes measures

Time trends in HCM diagnosis, patient characteristics, comorbidities and pharmacotherapy were identified and tested for significance using the Cochran-Armitage trend test.

Results

3856 HCM patients were included (median age 68 years (IQR 56–78)). Although there were more males (53%), females were older (72 years vs 63 years) and more likely to have their type of HCM classified as obstructive (54% vs 38%). A consistent rise in HCM cases per year was detected and there was a significant decline in prevalence of heart failure (2005: 20% to 2018: 12%, p<0.001) and ischaemic heart disease (2005: 31% to 2019: 16%, p≤0.001). Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and stroke remained notable and unchanged. Lastly, the rate of hospitalisations decreased over time (2005: 64% to 2016: 46%, p<0.001), while the rate of outpatient follow-up increased (2005: 81% to 2016: 87%, p 0.003).

Conclusion

There was a consistent rise in HCM cases with decreasing morbidity burden. Females were older at diagnosis and more likely to have their type of HCM classified as obstructive. The rate of outpatient follow-up is increasing.
Development of a core outcome set for ventilation trials in neurocritical care patients with acute brain injury: protocol for a Delphi consensus study of international stakeholders
Authors: Digitale Jean , Burns Gregory , Fong Nicholas , Boesel Julian , Robba Chiara , Stevens Robert D , Cinotti Raphaël , Pirracchio Romain
Published: September 2023

Introduction

There is little consensus and high heterogeneity on the optimal set of relevant clinical outcomes in research studies regarding extubation in neurocritical care patients with brain injury undergoing mechanical ventilation. The aims of this study are to: (1) develop a core outcome set (COS) and (2) reach consensus on a hierarchical composite endpoint for such studies.

Methods and analysis

The study will include a broadly representative, international panel of stakeholders with research and clinical expertise in this field and will involve four stages: (1) a scoping review to generate an initial list of outcomes represented in the literature, (2) an investigator meeting to review the outcomes for inclusion in the Delphi surveys, (3) four rounds of online Delphi consensus-building surveys and (4) online consensus meetings to finalise the COS and hierarchical composite endpoint.

Ethics and dissemination

This study received ethical approval from the French Society of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Institutional Review Board (SFAR CERAR-IRB 00010254‐2023-029). The study results will be disseminated through communication to stakeholders, publication in a peer-reviewed journal, and presentations at conferences.

Trial registration number

This study is registered with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative.
Determinants of treatment satisfaction among patients with diabetes: multicentre cross-sectional study in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Sendekie Ashenafi Kibret , Belachew Eyayaw Ashete , Dagnew Ephrem Mebratu
Published: September 2023

Objective

Treatment satisfaction is a significant determinant of quality of care, especially for patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes. Identifying factors that contribute to treatment satisfaction may improve patient outcomes. This study examined treatment satisfaction and determinant factors in patients with diabetes.

Design and setting

A multicentre hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between April and July 2022 at selected hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia.

Participants

Eligible adult patients with diabetes were included in the study.

Main outcome measures

Treatment satisfaction was the main outcome and was measured using the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, which was valid and reliable in the current sample. A linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between treatment satisfaction scores and independent variables.

Results

Out of the 422 patients approached, 402 (95.3%) participated in the study. Overall, the mean treatment satisfaction score was 17.13 (±3.3) out of 30. Most of the participants had a lower degree of satisfaction with the current treatment (>52%) and its convenience (>63%). More than half of the participants (51.2%) perceived hyperglycaemia most of the time and hypoglycaemia some of the time (64.9%). Treatment satisfaction was influenced by body mass index (BMI) (p<0.01), number of medical conditions and medications (p<0.001), hyperglycaemia perception (p<0.001), healthcare cost coverage (p<0.001), monthly salary (p<0.001), self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) (p=0.017), lifestyle modification status (p<0.01), and comorbidity and/or complications (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Treatment satisfaction was low among patients with a higher BMI, a higher number of medical conditions and medications, comorbidities and/or complications, a frequent perception of hyperglycaemia and a lower monthly salary. Interventions addressing specific independent variables might enhance treatment satisfaction.
In inflammatory myopathies, dropped head/bent spine syndrome is associated with scleromyositis: an international case–control study
Authors: Pijnenburg Luc , Giannini Margherita , Bouchard-Marmen Maude , Arnaud Laurent , Barsotti Simone , Bellando-Randone Silvia , Bernardi Livio , Bini Paola , Blagojevic Jelena , Codullo Veronica , Couderc Marion , De Moreuil Claire , Dernis Emanuelle , Diamanti Luca , Dubost Jean Jacques , Duval Fanny , Emmi Giacomo , Galempoix Jean-Marc , Geny Bernard , Gottenberg Jacques-Eric , Groza Monica , Guffroy Aurelien , Guichard Isabelle , Guilpain Philippe , Hervier Baptiste , Hudson Marie , Iaccarino Luca , Iannone Florenzo , Lebrun Delphine , Marchioni Enrico , Mariampillai Kuberaka , Maurier Francois , Mosca Marta , Nadaj-Pakleza Aleksandra , Nannini Carlotta , Piot Jean-Maxime , Prieto-González Sergio , Poursac Nicolas , Rouanet Eglantine , Sellam Jérémie , Selva-O'Callaghan Albert , Séverac François , Sibilia Jean , Sole Guilhem , Soulages Antoine , Terrier Benjamin , Tournadre Anne , Troyanov Yves , Vernier Nathalie , Vesperini Veronique , Viallard Jean-François , Ziane Rahima , Cavagna Lorenzo , Meyer Alain
Published: September 2023

Background

Some myopathies can lead to dropped head or bent spine syndrome (DH/BS). The significance of this symptom has not been studied in inflammatory myopathies (IM).

Objectives

To assess the significance of DH/BS in patients with IM.

Methods

Practitioners from five IM networks were invited to report patients with IM suffering from DH/BS (without other known cause than IM). IM patients without DH/BS, randomly selected in each participating centre, were included as controls at a ratio of 2 to 1.

Results

49 DH/BS-IM patients (DH: 57.1%, BS: 42.9%) were compared with 98 control-IM patients. DH/BS-IM patients were older (65 years vs 53 years, p<0.0001) and the diagnosis of IM was delayed (6 months vs 3 months, p=0.009). Weakness prevailing in the upper limbs (42.9% vs 15.3%), dysphagia (57.1% vs 25.5%), muscle atrophy (65.3% vs 34.7%), weight loss (61.2% vs 23.5%) and loss of the ability to walk (24.5% vs 5.1%) were hallmarks of DH/BS-IM (p≤0.0005), for which the patients more frequently received intravenous immunoglobulins (65.3% vs 34.7%, p=0.0004). Moreover, DH/BS-IM patients frequently featured signs and/or complications of systemic sclerosis (SSc), fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology criteria for this disease in 40.8% of the cases (vs 5.1%, p<0.0001). Distribution of the myopathy, its severity and its association with SSc were independently associated with DH/BS (p<0.05). Mortality was higher in the DH/BS-IM patients and loss of walking ability was independently associated with survival (p<0.05).

Conclusion

In IM patients, DH/BS is a marker of severity and is associated with SSc (scleromyositis).
Thirty-day mortality in hospitalised patients with lung cancer: incidence and predictors
Authors: Leonetti Alessandro , Peroni Marianna , Agnetti Virginia , Pratticò Fabiana , Manini Martina , Acunzo Alessandro , Marverti Francesca , Sulas Simone , Rapacchi Elena , Mazzaschi Giulia , Perrone Fabiana , Bordi Paola , Buti Sebastiano , Tiseo Marcello
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Patients with lung cancer experience high rates of hospitalisation, mainly due to the high risk of complications that emerge during the natural history of the disease. We designed a retrospective, single-centre, observational study aimed at defining the clinical predictors of 30-day mortality in hospitalised patients with lung cancer.

Methods

Clinical records from the first admission of patients with lung cancer to the oncology ward of the University Hospital of Parma from 1 January 2017 to 1 January 2022 were collected.

Results

251 consecutive patients were enrolled at the time of data cut-off. In the univariate analysis, baseline clinical predictors of 30-day mortality were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) (≥2 vs 0–1: 27.5% vs 14.8%, p=0.028), high Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score (BRASS) (high vs intermediate-low: 34.3% vs 11.9%, p<0.001), presence of pain (yes vs no: 24.4% vs 11.7%, p=0.009), number of metastatic sites (≥3 vs <3: 26.5% vs 13.4%, p=0.017) and presence of bone metastases (yes vs no: 29.0% vs 10.8%, p=0.001). In the multivariate analysis, high BRASS remained significantly associated with increased 30-day mortality (high vs intermediate-low; OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.21 to 6.78, p=0.016).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that baseline poor ECOG PS, high BRASS, presence of pain, high tumour burden and presence of bone metastases could be used as clinical predictors of 30-day mortality in hospitalised patients with lung cancer. In particular, the BRASS scale should be used as a simple tool to predict 30-day mortality in hospitalised patients with lung cancer.
Comparison of non‐selective adrenocorticolysis with mitotane or trilostane for the treatment of dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Clemente M. , De Andrés P. J. , Arenas C. , Melián C. , Morales M. , Pérez‐Alenza M. D.
Published: September 2023

Forty‐six dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism were treated with mitotane by the non‐selective adrenocorticolysis protocol and 40 were treated twice a day with trilostane. The treatment groups were compared by chi‐squared tests, and survival data were analysed using Kaplan‐Meier survival plots and a Cox proportional hazard method. The non‐selective adrenocorticolysis protocol was very effective (89 per cent), its toxicity was moderate (24 per cent) and there were fewer recurrences (29 per cent) than reported with the classical selective adrenocorticolysis protocol (58 per cent). In a multivariate model, age and bodyweight at diagnosis were significantly negatively correlated with survival time. The median survival time of the dogs treated with trilostane twice a day (900 days) was longer (P=0·05) than that of the dogs treated with mitotane (720 days).
Sensitivity potential to a light flavor-changing scalar boson with DUNE and NA64$$\mu $$
Authors: Radics B. , Molina-Bueno L. , Fields L. , Sieber H. , Crivelli P.
Published: September 2023

In this work, we report on the sensitivity potential of complementary muon-on-target experiments to new physics using a scalar boson benchmark model associated with charged lepton flavor violation. The NA64$$\mu $$
μ
experiment at CERN uses a 160-GeV energy muon beam with an active target to search for excess events with missing energy and momentum as a probe of new physics. At the same time, the proton beam at Fermilab, which is used to produce the neutrino beam for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), will also produce a high-intensity muon beam dumped in an absorber. Combined with the liquid argon near detector, the system could be used to search for similar scalar boson particles with a lower-energy but higher-intensity beam. We find that both NA64$$\mu $$
μ
and DUNE could cover new, unexplored parts of the parameter space of the same benchmark model, providing a complementary way to search for new physics.
Parameter Estimation of 2R-1C Circuit Using Embedded Hardware and Measured Impedance Modulus
Authors: Simi Mitar , Stojanović Goran M.
Published: September 2023

2R-1C equivalent circuit is widely used in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), such as modelling of lithium-ion batteries, bioimpedance analysis and water quality monitoring. It allows for an analysis of the basic electrical behavior of electrochemical systems and understanding of the underlying principles. However, the reported parameter estimation methods are usually deployed on the PC-based processing units that limit in-situ and unsupervised applications, where estimation results are free from user inputs. This paper presents a novel methodology for extracting the values of 2R-1C equivalent circuit by solely utilizing the measured impedance modulus. Unlike iterative and PC-based estimation methods, this approach eliminates user inputs in terms of a need for an initial guess, addressing a significant drawback of those approaches. The proposed work was validated by simulated and experimentally obtained impedance. Moreover, details of deployment on the PC-based and embedded hardware were also reported. The utilization of embedded hardware platform (Mega2560) enables an efficient processing of EIS data (80 milliseconds for 100 datapoints) by creating opportunities for in-situ parameter extraction of equivalent electrical circuits.
Bifurcation Study and Turing Instability in a Diffusive Cell Polarization Model with Source and Loss Terms
Authors: Liu Moqing , Jiang Jiao
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study the spatiotemporal dynamics in a diffusive cell polarization model with source and loss terms under zero flux boundary conditions. Firstly, we investigate the stability of the positive equilibrium and the existence of Hopf bifurcation for the system without diffusion. Secondly, Turing instability and Turing bifurcation near the positive constant equilibrium are discussed for the diffusive system. Thirdly, the normal forms on the center manifold are given to determine the properties of Turing and Hopf bifurcations. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to illustrate our theoretical results.
Arithmetical rank and cohomological dimension of generalized binomial edge ideals
Authors: Katsabekis Anargyros
Published: September 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a connected and simple graph on the vertex set [Formula: see text]. To the graph [Formula: see text] one can associate the generalized binomial edge ideal [Formula: see text] in the polynomial ring [Formula: see text]. We provide a lower bound for the cohomological dimension of [Formula: see text]. We also study when [Formula: see text] is a cohomologically complete intersection. Finally, we show that the arithmetical rank of [Formula: see text] equals the projective dimension of [Formula: see text] in several cases.
On Amitsur cohomology of monads
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh A. , Mesablishvili B.
Published: September 2023

We introduce and study zero and one-dimensional non-abelian Amitsur cohomology theory for monads equipped with involutive distributive law satisfying the Yang–Baxter equation. Some applications to extensions of (non-commutative) rings and Banach algebras are given.
The Optical and Structural Properties of the Fe@Au Core–Shell Nanoparticles Prepared by PLAL
Authors: Abed Hiba A. , Al Rashid Saeed N. T. , Mazhir Sabah N.
Published: September 2023

In this research, metal targets dipped in 3 mL of distilled water (DW) were subjected to pulsed laser ablation. Colloidal dispersions of Fe and Au, and bimetallic Fe@Au core/shell nanoparticles are created. The core/shell structure of these particles was subsequently studied using X-ray diffraction. UV–Vis and HRTEM measurements are used to determine surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) and particle sizes. We also carried out an investigation to gauge the stability in terms of the surface charge of the produced nanoparticles (Zeta-potential). The findings show that maximum absorption value of Fe Nps was 0.45 in the range (200–350) nm, while Au exhibits a surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) peaked at a wavelength of 545 nm in the range (290–1100) nm. Another peak was noticed at (555) nm for the surface Plasmon band of the particles Fe@Au in the range (290–1100) nm, HRTEM measurement was used to check the shape and particle size, and the results showed that the average particle size was less than 50 nm.
Construction of Three-Dimensional Hierarchical CoSe2 Microflowers Assembled by Thin Nanosheets for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Chang , Han Zhiyuan , Yuan Wenru , Sun Zhongpeng , Xiang Lixiao , Sun Xiang , Wang Yunfei , Feng Lei , Wang Xia
Published: September 2023

Transition metal selenides are considered as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high capacity and low cost. However, they suffer from large volume change, serious polyselenide dissolution and sluggish reaction kinetics during charge/discharge process, resulting in poor cycling stability and low rate performance for SIBs, which further restrict their widespread application. Here, we developed carbon-free three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical microflower-shaped CoSe2 with a diameter size of approximately 2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, composed of nanosheets through a one-step solvothermal method. The thin nanosheets are conducive to shortening the Na[Formula: see text] diffusion channels and relieving the volume expansion, and the 3D hierarchical microflower architecture could effectively prevent the agglomeration of nanosheets; accordingly, the resulting CoSe2 microflowers deliver a high specific capacity of 451.94[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]h[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] even at 0.5[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] after 100 cycles, compared with CoSe2 nanoparticles. This work offers an approach for designing metal selenides with high capacities and rate capability for SIBs.
Dynamics of a predator–prey model with mutation and nonlocal effect
Authors: Han Bang-Sheng , Mi Shao-Yue , Wen Miao-Miao , Zhao Lin
Published: September 2023

The global dynamics of a nonlocal predator–prey model with mutation are investigated in this paper. First, by building a new comparison principle and constructing monotone iterative sequences, we give the existence of the solution for the corresponding initial boundary value problem. Then the uniqueness and uniformly boundedness of the solution are established by using the fundamental solution and quasi-fundamental solution of the heat equation, Grönwall’s inequality and auxiliary functions. Finally, under the truncation function method, we discuss the asymptotic behavior of the solution. It is worth mentioning that the asymptotic behavior here is different from the conclusion of the classical model and we use more refined analysis and estimation in the research process.
Digital Transformation from Planning to Execution — A Strategic Framework based on Ambidexterity and Enterprise Architecture and Interoperability
Authors: de Castilho Junior Luiz Roberto Moreira , Rocha Loures Eduardo de Freitas , Portela Santos Eduardo Alves , Deschamps Fernando
Published: September 2023

The demand for business structures that respond more quickly to changes imposed by a competitive market makes digital transformation (DT) the driver of more agile and cost-effective production systems. From such perspective derives the following question: How does literature organize the main strategies demanded by the DT challenge in an organization? Based on a systematic literature review, this study aims to identify and analyze DT’s main characteristics, leading to the development of a framework to support its understanding from planning to execution. The Digital Transformation – Planning to Execution Framework (DT-P2EF) is divided into two conceptual blocks. The first block focuses on the DT planning, including the organizational requirements of an enterprise architecture (EA), the organizational characteristics based on the organizational ambidexterity (OA) introduction, and the barriers that may impact the DT, according to Enterprise Interoperability (EI). The second block of the framework regards the DT execution, the translation of the strategy defined and the performance monitoring of the DT in the organization. The DT-P2EF consists in identifying business influence factors and dimensions for a better understanding and development of the DT journey in enterprises.
The Product’s Great Journey: A Multi-triangular Agile Approach
Authors: Setti Paulo Henrique Palma , Canciglieri Osíris , Szejka Anderson Luis , Mas Fernando
Published: September 2023

Within a constantly competitive scenario, productive organizations have been looking for alternatives to improve all their internal processes in order to try to stay alive among competitors, in terms of economic, environmental and social sustainability. Thus, it is no longer common for someone or some isolated sector of a company to make a decision on their own. The decisions became collegiate. However, some sectors end up having more relevant arguments at each stage of a product’s great journey. At every moment of the process, from conceptualization (cradle) to disposal (grave or reuse), some departments become protagonists, while others become supporting actors. In this approach, the great journey of a product could be divided into “triangle of forces” structured by stakeholder representatives. The objective of this specific paper is to evaluate the activities of the conceptualization phase of a product that is observed as the first of these triangles whose vertices are formed by representatives from the Marketing, Industrial Design and Product Engineering areas. The proposed triangle model aims to organize the decision-making process during the development of a new product. Assigning leadership responsibilities and support functions to each sector at each stage of the project. This proposal would transform the great product journey into a star formed by these triangles of power, creating an agile and interactive environment of simultaneous engineering. As a result, this study presents a proposal of fundamental activities involved in the initial triangle of the task force conceptualization phase and the interrelationships among the areas of Marketing, Industrial Design and Product Engineering that happen along these processes.
Scientific-Linguistic Framework: Identification of Tonal Relations
Authors: Huang Yishan
Published: September 2023

This study establishes a scientific-linguistic framework to specify tonal relations in Asian tonal languages. Applied to the empirical data from 21 speakers of Zhangzhou Southern Min, this model derives a linguistically tonetic F0 system for its eight-way tonal contrast. This represents this dialect as an independent variety from the scientific perspective while making it comparable with other tonal varieties and languages for typological and universal purposes. The description has gone beyond the inconsistency and inadequacy of those auditorily-based prior studies and laid out an objective foundation for further theoretical exploration. The exploration is expected to serve as a model to examining those tonal languages that possess complex tonal contrasts not only in China but also in Asia and beyond. It contributes vital linguistic data to the generalization of areal characteristics within the Sino-Tibetan language family, but also to the exploration of cross-linguistic tonal property in world’s natural languages, while enlightening the discussion on why and how human beings employ tone as an important language device in their cognitive activities and decode the competence for communicative purposes.
Could Unfold Protein Response Pathway Proteins be a Missing Link in Neuropathic Pain and Alzheimer’s Disease Etiology? — Findings from Computational Studies
Authors: Ameenudeen Shabnam , Hemalatha S.
Published: September 2023

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, are characterized by progressive neuronal cell loss and nervous system damage. Neuropathic pain, resulting from traumatic injury to sensory nerves, is closely associated with these neurodegenerative conditions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, arising from protein misfolding or accumulation of unfolded proteins, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Interestingly, the ER stress pathway has emerged as a potential link between neuropathic pain and Alzheimer’s disease. To investigate this link, we selected specific drugs with known mechanisms of action: GSK2606414, an EIF-2[Formula: see text] phosphorylation inhibitor, Valsartan, which down-regulates ER stress-related proteins, Gemigliptin, known to decrease GRP78 expression, and Melatonin, shown to reduce ATF6 mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, Vemurafenib and Obatoclax were chosen as kinase and Bcl2 inhibitors, respectively. Drug selection was based on data from DrugBank and literature, with their structures obtained from the PubChem database. Main methodologies: Our research aims to identify potential therapeutic targets bridging neuropathic pain and Alzheimer’s disease. Using AutoDock v4.2.6, we conducted molecular docking studies, revealing promising drug–target interactions. We further performed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for 100 ns using the WEBGRO online server to assess drug-target stability. Additionally, we employed Lipinski screening via the SwissADME web server, assessing pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity. Results: Except for ATF4 (with Metformin), all targets showed favorable affinity toward Obatoclax, with binding energies ranging from −5.32 to −7.48 kcal/mol. The XBP1–Obatoclax complex stability is evaluated using MD simulation. The ADMET screening results indicated that the drugs displayed good intestinal absorption (above 30%), making them suitable for oral administration. Importantly, these drugs showed no inhibitory effects against CYP2D6 isozymes expressed in the CNS. Future perspective: Our in silico findings provide valuable evidence and potential leads for further evaluation and confirmation through in vitro research. The data generated from this study may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics targeting both neuropathic pain and Alzheimer’s disease, offering new hope for patients suffering from these debilitating conditions.
Adaptive FIR Filter Design with Approximate Adder and Hybridized Multiplier for Efficient Noise Eradication in Sensor Nodes
Authors: Immareddy Srikanth , Sundaramoorthy Arunmetha , Alagarsamy Aravindhan
Published: September 2023

Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter contributes a major role in most of the signal processing applications. However, the Finite Impulse Response filter performance is restricted by its speed, power and area usage. To address these issues, an adaptive FIR filter design using approximate adder and Hybridizing (Radix-8 Booth and TRAM) Approximate Multiplier (DA-AFIR-leadx-hybam-AC) is proposed in this manuscript for eradicating the noise in the sensor nodes. Here, Low error together with area efficient approximate adder (leadx) is used for reducing path delay and area utilization. For approximate multiplier design, proposed Hybridizing (Radix-8 Booth and TRAM) Approximate Multiplier using 15–4 Approximate Compressors (hybam-AC) is used for decreasing power consumption and design complexity. The simulation of the proposed model is implemented in Verilog and the design is synthesized in FPGA utilizing Xilinx ISE 14.5. The proposed DA-AFIR-leadx-hybam-AC filter design attains 33.6%, 22.75%, 29.69% lower power and 43.58%, 11.3%, 33.07% lower delay than the existing approaches, like DA-AFIR-MLDA-RNS, DA-AFIR-Hyb-CSD-ABR, DA-AFIR-SOPOT-MPGBP. Finally, the proposed DA-AFIR-leadx-hybam-AC filter design is applied for noise removal application in sensor nodes. The proposed Filter is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink for reading input signal.