bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viral load and gastrointestinal inflammation in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Syafei Aditya Riadi , Sugihartono Titong , Nusi Iswan Abbas , Setiawan Poernomo Boedi , Purbayu Herry , Maimunah Ummi , Kholili Ulfa , Widodo Budi , Thamrin Husin , Vidyani Amie , Maulahela Hasan , Yamaoka Yoshio , Miftahussurur Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Background: ACE-2 receptors are well-known as binding receptors to spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 highly expressed in the gastrointestinal system. The Role of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and its effect on gut inflammation in COVID-19 patients are still not well-understood. This study aims to determine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load on gastrointestinal inflammation.

Methods: A total of 44 inpatient subjects who fulfilled eligibility criteria were examined for cycle threshold values from nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from several nucleic levels based on fluorescence signal and calprotectin levels of stool samples using Calprotectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Results: Of 44 subjects, 52.3% were male, with a median age of 52.5 years. Hypertension or diabetes was found in 26 patients. The median cycle threshold value was 31.3 with a value range of 10.9-40.0, median cycle threshold was significantly lower in subjects with comorbidity with P = 0.01. The median fecal calprotectin level was 42 μg/g with a value range of 5.1-1,393.7 μg/g, with median fecal calprotectin significantly higher in subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms with P = 0.008 with a relative risk (RR) of 5.5. There was a significant correlation between cycle threshold and fecal calprotectin in subjects with comorbidity with P <0.05, a coefficient contingency of 0.414.

Conclusion: Subjects with comorbidity are prone to have higher viral loads paralleled with gastrointestinal inflammation. Subjects with overt gastrointestinal manifestations had a five-fold higher degree of gut inflammation.
Case Report: Caecal volvulus management from diagnosis to treatment in a young patient
Authors: Abbassi Imed , Triki Wissem , Trigui Racem , Itaimi Ahmed , Ayed Karim , Sebri Hajer , Baraket Oussema , Bouchoucha Sami
Published: July 2022

Caecal volvulus (CV) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, defined by an axial torsion of the caecum, ascending colon, and terminal ileum around the mesenteric vascular pedicles, leading to ischemia and bowel necrosis.

A 20-year-old woman, with no significant medical history, was admitted for generalized abdominal pain evolving for three days, along with constipation and abdominal distension, but with no vomiting. Physical examination showed a generalized abdominal tenderness with no rigidity or rebound tenderness, associated with abdominal distension and tympanic upon percussion. Laboratory findings were within normal limits.

An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed distension of a loop of the large bowel with its long axis extending from the right lower quadrant to the epigastrium or left upper quadrant. Colonic haustral pattern was absent. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a rounded focal collection of air-distended bowel with haustral creases in the upper left quadrant. In addition, spiraled loops of the collapsed cecum (giving a whirl sign) were noted, along with low-attenuating fatty mesentery from the twisted bowel.

The patient underwent an emergency laparotomy and caecectomy using GEA 80 charges. The patient had no complaints post-operation.

CV is a rare cause of bowel obstruction, mainly caused by an exceedingly mobile caecum. Despite its rareness, CV represents the second most common cause of large bowel volvulus, behind sigmoid volvulus. For acute obstruction by CV, it is hard to differentiate it clinically from obstruction of the small bowel; therefore, radiological exams are needed. Surgery is the gold standard treatment for CV.

We report a rare case of CV to highlight the rarity of this pathology, specify its diagnostic and therapeutic means, and its clinical and biological evolution.
Automated detection of over- and under-dispersion in baseline tables in randomised controlled trials
Authors: Barnett Adrian
Published: July 2022

Background: Papers describing the results of a randomised trial should include a baseline table that compares the characteristics of randomised groups. Researchers who fraudulently generate trials often unwittingly create baseline tables that are implausibly similar (under-dispersed) or have large differences between groups (over-dispersed). I aimed to create an automated algorithm to screen for under- and over-dispersion in the baseline tables of randomised trials.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional study I examined 2,245 randomised controlled trials published in health and medical journals on PubMed Central. I estimated the probability that a trial's baseline summary statistics were under- or over-dispersed using a Bayesian model that examined the distribution of t-statistics for the between-group differences, and compared this with an expected distribution without dispersion. I used a simulation study to test the ability of the model to find under- or over-dispersion and compared its performance with an existing test of dispersion based on a uniform test of p-values. My model combined categorical and continuous summary statistics, whereas the uniform uniform test used only continuous statistics.

Results: The algorithm had a relatively good accuracy for extracting the data from baseline tables, matching well on the size of the tables and sample size. Using t-statistics in the Bayesian model out-performed the uniform test of p-values, which had many false positives for skewed, categorical and rounded data that were not under- or over-dispersed. For trials published on PubMed Central, some tables appeared under- or over-dispersed because they had an atypical presentation or had reporting errors. Some trials flagged as under-dispersed had groups with strikingly similar summary statistics.

Conclusions: Automated screening for fraud of all submitted trials is challenging due to the widely varying presentation of baseline tables. The Bayesian model could be useful in targeted checks of suspected trials or authors.
Religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours and study participation in a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England
Authors: Morgan Jimmy , Halstead Isaac , Northstone Kate , Major-Smith Dan
Published: July 2022

Background

Longitudinal studies are key to understanding risk factors for health, well-being, and disease, yet associations may be biased if study invitation and participation are non-random. Religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours (RSBB) are increasingly recognised as having potentially important relationships with health. However, it is unclear whether RSBB is associated with study participation. We examine whether RSBB is associated with participation in the longitudinal birth cohort ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children).

Methods

Three RSBB factors were used: religious belief (belief in God/a divine power; yes/not sure/no), religious affiliation (Christian/none/other), and religious attendance (frequency of attendance at a place of worship). Participation was measured in three ways: i) total number of questionnaires/clinics completed; ii) completion of the most recent questionnaire (in 2020); and iii) length of participation. Analyses were repeated for the ALSPAC mothers, their partners, and the study children, and were adjusted for relevant socio-demographic confounders.

Results

Religious attendance was positively associated with participation in all adjusted models in all three cohorts. For example, study mothers who attended a place of worship at least once a month on average completed two more questionnaires (out of a possible 50), had 50% greater odds of having completed the most recent questionnaire, and had 25% reduced risk of drop-out, relative to those who did not attend a place of worship. In the adjusted analyses, religious belief and attendance were not associated with participation. However, the majority of unadjusted models showed associations between RSBB and participation.

Conclusion

After adjusting for confounders, religious attendance –  not religious belief or affiliation – was associated with participation in ALSPAC. These results indicate that use of RSBB variables (and religious attendance in particular) may result in selection bias and spurious associations; these potential biases should be explored and discussed in future studies using these data.
Current Approaches to Positioning Educational Digital Platforms and Volunteer Organizations in Social Networks
Authors: Moiseeva O. , Filippova O. , Fedotov A. , Moiseev E.
Published: July 2022

The research is aimed at identifying approaches to the promotion of educational resources among the youth audience. Modern educational resources are actively trying to attract young people to self-education, at the same time, the coronavirus pandemic has made the issue of participation in volunteer activities urgent among young people. The article presents a comparative analysis of approaches to the positioning of accounts in social networks aimed at attracting the youth audience to self-education and volunteer activities.
E-Education in Foreign Higher Education Institutions: Criteria and Assessments
Authors: Nesova N.
Published: July 2022

E-education is characterized by dynamic development all over the world, and therefore the mechanisms for assessing its quality do not have time to adapt to the current state in the educational environment. This study focuses on the experience of ensuring the quality of e-education in higher education institutions in Europe and Latin America. The article highlights the approaches that ensure the quality of e-education, as well as an analysis of the policy of universities involved in this area. It was revealed that external agencies for ensuring the quality of education occupy an important position as a supervisory authority in foreign higher education institutions. The process of developing a quality assurance system is characterized by openness and dynamism, therefore it needs to be integrated into the internationalization of education programs and specifically into e-learning. Assessment of the quality of education involves problematic issues, therefore, this phenomenon should be comprehensively investigated.
Stakeholder Approach to the Development of Foreign Trade in Agricultural Products (on the Example of Vietnam)
Authors: Fam Ngok
Published: July 2022

The article substantiates the expediency of Vietnam's application of a stakeholder approach to the development of foreign trade in agricultural products, which forms the basis of export operations. The direct interest of the state in increasing turnover stimulates the public administration sector to look for new approaches to expand international exchange opportunities. The author structured the stakeholders with whom Vietnam interacts in the process of foreign trade in agricultural products, identified stakeholders with direct and indirect interest. The use of a stakeholder approach can become one of the effective tools for achieving strategic goals.
Seasonality in the Russian Wheat Market
Authors: Litvinenko Tat'yana
Published: July 2022

Based on long-term statistical data, an analysis of the seasonality of demand, supply and prices for wheat in the Russian market was carried out. It was revealed that the volume of supply, the volume of processing, export and demand for wheat are constantly recurring changes. Supply of wheat in June in August, and the occurrence of a case of occurrence of supply over demand. In the following months, the supply changed dramatically until May. Demand for wheat (both domestic and export) is most active in anticipation and in anticipation. Export of the maximum load in August-September, processing — in September-October. At the end of the agricultural season, in anticipation, the demand for wheat, its stocks and exports of minimum indicators. It has been established that demand and most of the wheat season are in the supply phase to each other. The study did not reveal pronounced repetitive fluctuations in wheat prices. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account seasonal economic use in economic practice and in the sphere of regulation of the grain market.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Marked Eosinophilia as a Unique Presentation of Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Van Woensel Julie , Mostard Remy , Leers Mathie
Published: July 2022

Background: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare immunodeficiency disorder resulting in phagocytic cell dysfunction. It is characterized by deficient cellular immunity against bacteria and fungi, and an excessive inflammatory response resulting in granuloma formation. It manifests, usually in early childhood, with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections or inflammatory complications. The infections, such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, can be life-threatening.  Case description: Our patient was a 40-year-old man with no pulmonary history who presented with bilateral pulmonary nodules and pronounced eosinophilia in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, mimicking eosinophilic pneumonia. During treatment with corticosteroids, the patient deteriorated clinically and radiographically. Extensive investigations failed to provide a diagnosis. A lung biopsy demonstrated the presence of granulomas and Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. Advanced screening to detect underlying immunodeficiency revealed CGD.  Discussion: This case report describes a unique first presentation of CGD. It reminds physicians of the possibility of CGD as an underlying immune disorder in invasive aspergillosis and highlights the challenges of diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. We discuss the diagnostic pitfalls of this case and propose a diagnostic work-up for eosinophilic lung disease.
Myasthenia Gravis Presenting after Administration of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine
Authors: Hoshina Yoji , Sowers Christopher , Baker Virginia
Published: July 2022

The mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine received emergency use authorization in December 2021. We present a case of myasthenia gravis (MG) which became clinically apparent following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. A 30-year-old man developed acute onset diplopia, 2 days after receiving his first mRNA-1273 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. He reported blurred vision with horizontally displaced images, which worsened with increased eye strain. Diplopia resolved when one eye was covered. He also had fatigable arm weakness, but denied dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia or dyspnoea. On examination, he had left-sided ptosis and esotropia at rest which worsened with sustained upward gaze and prolonged focus. He also had fatigable weakness of neck flexion and extension (4+/5), and generalized, fatigable weakness (4/5). His single-breath count was 38. Cranial nerves, sensory examination and deep tendon reflexes were normal. A 2-min ice-pack test and neostigmine test temporarily improved his diplopia and ptosis. The acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody was borderline high and muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody was negative. Chest CT and brain MRI with contrast were unremarkable. The patient was diagnosed with MG and oral pyridostigmine and prednisone therapy were initiated. We present a case of newly diagnosed MG after administration of mRNA-1273 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Although there has been long-standing discussion regarding the potential for vaccines to exacerbate autoimmune conditions, data remain sparse and consensus has not been reached. Consequently, this case is important to make providers aware of potential side effects of a novel vaccine, and may also help guide the selection of vaccination candidates and monitoring parameters.
The role of the school nurse in supporting school-age children with mental health difficulties: an integrative review
Authors: Taylor-Beirne Jess , Taylor-Beirne Sean
Published: July 2022

In the context of rising mental disorder prevalence among school-age children and increasing pressures on services to deliver effective and efficient interventions, school nurses have been identified as a key workforce to clinically support school-age children with emerging mental health difficulties and existing mental health diagnoses.

Aims:

This review aims to identify and critically analyse existing academic literature, in order to ascertain the current role of the school nurse in supporting school-age children with emerging mental health difficulties and existing mental health disorders. In doing so, this integrative review makes recommendations for future research and discusses implications for nursing practice.

Methods:

An integrative review methodology was used in order to conduct a systematic review of the literature, in conjunction with the PRISMA (2009) guidelines. CASP tools were used to critically appraise the selected papers, and the findings were tabulated in order to identify emerging themes.

Results:

289 papers were found through database searches, and six papers were identified as relevant to this literature review. Although these papers were preliminary in nature, clear themes were identified across the selected papers. School nurses were found to be uniquely placed to support school-age children with emerging mental health difficulties and existing mental health diagnoses. However, barriers to effective interventions included school nurses' lack of knowledge and lack of resources within school nurse teams.

Conclusions:

The lack of training and knowledge for school nurses within this clinical subject area is an urgent cause for concern, and future research and practice development is strongly recommended.
Effect of Pre-And Postharvest Treatments with Salicylic Acid on Physicochemical Properties of Pineapple cv. MD2
Authors:   Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, J1 dr. Suparno, Karangwangkal 53123, Indonesia, Cano-Reinoso Diego Mauricio , Soesanto Loekas ,   Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, J1 dr. Suparno, Karangwangkal 53123, Indonesia, . Kharisun ,   Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, J1 dr. Suparno, Karangwangkal 53123, Indonesia, Wibowo Condro ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto J1 dr. Suparno, Karangwangkal 53123, Indonesia
Published: July 2022

Abstract Salicylic acid applied pre-and postharvest can impact positively the fruit quality, although more experiments are necessary to clarify its influence on pineapple. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-and postharvest treatments with salicylic acid on physicochemical properties of MD2 pineapple. Treatments were, A (Control: Waxing but without SA application pre-and postharvest), B (SA (2 mM) preharvest (sprayed) + SA (5 mM) postharvest (dipping)), C SA (2 mM) preharvest (sprayed) + SA (7 mM) postharvest (dipping)) and D (SA (2 mM) preharvest (sprayed) + SA (9 mM) postharvest (dipping)). Fruit total soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, fruit weight, percentage of weight loss, firmness, respiration rate, shell colour and flesh translucency were examined. The ascorbic acid, respiration rate and flesh translucency were determined as the variables more influential in this study. Treatments with postharvest concentrations higher than 5 mM increased the ascorbic acid (˃ 300 mg/kg) and reduced the translucency incidence (˂ 20 %), while with postharvest concentrations between 5-7 mM reduced the respiration rate (˂ 12 mL CO2/kg*h). All the treatments provided ideal values for the rest of the quality variables studied. Finally, treatment C was considered the most beneficial for the fruit, delivering the most elevated ascorbic acid content (385.89 mg/kg), the lowest respiration rate (10.46 mL CO2/kg*h) and translucency incidence (16.67 %). Keywords: Antioxidants, Ascorbic acid, Enzyme, Respiration rate, Translucency
Social Cognitive Theory-based Interventions on Healthy Lifestyles for Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Suriyawong Wachira , Pipatpiboon Noppamas ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200
Published: July 2022

Abstract Effective strategies to promote a long-term healthy lifestyle among hypertensive patients remain unclear. Social cognitive theory (SCT)-based interventions have demonstrated some effectiveness in promoting sustainable lifestyle change in this population. This systematic review aims to synthesize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of SCT-based interventions on healthy lifestyles, including physical activity [PA] and/or diet adherence [DA], in hypertensive patients. Four electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched to identify RCTs that: 1) targeted hypertensive patients; 2) reported PA and/or DA as proximal outcomes; and 3) included an intervention guided by the SCT. Narrative and tabulation synthesis were conducted to present the effects of the SCT-based interventions. Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review with 3,388 hypertensive patients (mean age = 52.21, 68.70% female). Findings were inconsistent for the SCT-based interventions targeting multiple behaviors, including DA and PA. Multiple-component interventions, including PA training and identification of PA barriers through group discussion, had a greater effect size on PA improvement (d = .93–.99) than interventions without these components (d = .29–.44). Interventions with a longer duration (> 12 weeks), greater length of time for sessions (150 minutes/session), and higher session frequency (2 days/week) were more effective on DA change (d = .65) than interventions with a shorter duration (< 12 weeks), shorter session length (60–90 minutes), or lesser session frequency (monthly meeting) (d = .09–.51). Keywords: Social cognitive theory, Hypertension, Physical activity, Diet adherence
Effect of Immersion Time in Simulated Body Fluid on Adhesion Strength of Hydrothermally Treated Hydroxyapatite-Titanium Nitride Films on Polyetheretherketones
Authors:   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Koonrungsesomboon Kwanchanok , Boonyawan Dheerawan ,   Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,  Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Suttiat Kullapop ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Yavirach Piriya ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: July 2022

Abstract This study sought to investigate the effect of immersion time in simulated body fluid (SBF) on the adhesion strength of hydrothermally treated hydroxyapatite-titanium nitride (HA-TiN) films on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrates. The HA-TiN films were deposited on PEEK substrates via magnetron sputtering and annealed with hydrothermal treatment. The crystalline phase and element compositions on the deposited films were confirmed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). The samples were then immersed in SBF at 37°C for 7 to 56 days, where the surface characterization and chemical composition of the films were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and XPS. After the in vitro degradation in SBF, the adhesion strength between HA-TiN films and PEEK substrates were measured by a universal testing machine and further investigated the failure mode using a stereomicroscope and SEM. The results demonstrated the improvement of crystallinity on HA-TiN sputtered films after hydrothermal treatment. After immersion in SBF, the coating surface revealed some nucleation without any detachment and exhibited an increase of surface roughness. The hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide were revealed on the surface throughout the 56 days, while the Ca/P ratio decreased and remained constant during immersion. The adhesion strength did not significantly differ in all groups. These findings concluded that hydrothermally treated HA-TiN sputtered films on PEEK substrates showed the stability of adhesion strength throughout 56 days in simulated physiological conditions. The dissolution and precipitation during immersion represented the favorable characteristics of the films in the orthopedic or dental application. Keywords: Adhesion, Degradation, Thin films, Hydroxyapatite, Titanium dioxide
Optimization Extraction for Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activity with Different Solvents and UPLC-MS/MS Metabolite Profiling of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, IPB University, Dramaga Bogor, 16680 West Java, Indonesia, Marliani Nelly , Artika I Made ,   Department of Biochemistry, IPB University, Dramaga Bogor, 16680 West Java, Indonesia, Nurcholis Waras ,   Department of Biochemistry, IPB University, Dramaga Bogor, 16680 West Java, Indonesia,   Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Taman Kencana Bogor, 16128 West Java, Indonesia
Published: July 2022

Abstract Justicia gendarussa Burm.f contains polyphenol, which has pharmacological activity. Therefore, this study aims to show the potential of antioxidant compounds in J. gendarussa. The extraction method used was an experimental design that maximized phenolic recovery with the highest antioxidant activity from the leaves of this plant. Furthermore, a simplex-centroid design was used to evaluate the various extractor solvents (water, ethanol, and hexane) and their binary or ternary mixtures, while UPLC-MS/MS analysis was used to identify bioactive compounds. The total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of the optimized extracts were determined using Follin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric methods, as well as their antioxidant activity were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results was optimized to a value of 0.844 using water-hexane solvents with a predicted TPC, TFC, DPPH, and FRAP of 112.076 mg GAE/g, 34.926 mg QE/g, 45.477 µmol TE/g, and 353.611 µmol TE/g, respectively. Additionally, the UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed 62 compounds such as phenolics, isoflavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, alcohols, and other groups of components. This study shows the potential of antioxidant compounds J. gendarussa. Keywords: Extraction optimization, Justicia gendarussa Burm.f, Simplex centroid design, Polyphenols, Antioxidant
Seasonal Occurrence of Caddisfly Larval Communities on a Coarse Substrate in the Upper Nan River, Northern Thailand
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Buntha Pornpimon , Thapanya Decha ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: July 2022

Abstract Caddisfly larvae are commonly found in the Nan River. Larvae were collected monthly from a cobble habitat for a period of two years to study the influence of seasonal changes on larval communities. A Surber sampler was placed in the cobble habitat in the riffle zone at four study sites along the upper Nan River. Field-collected larvae were identified at the family level in the laboratory. Physicochemical factors were measured in terms of water temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), as well as for concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and orthophosphate (PO43-). Fifteen families of the caddisflies were found. The cool season was associated with the highest degree of density followed by the summer and rainy seasons. Hydropsychidae was the most common caddisfly present throughout the year. Hydroptilidae was common in the summer and cool seasons. Values of water temperature, pH, turbidity, DO, BOD5 and NO3-N among the three seasons were observed to be significantly different. According to the CCA analysis, water temperature, turbidity, BOD5, NO3-N and NH3-N factors had a positive relation to the density of Ecnomidae, Goeridae, Odontoceridae and Polycentropodidae. Remarkably, caddisfies in the families Hydropsychidae, Rhyacophilidae and Stenopsychidae were intolerant to variations in DO and pH values. The results of our study indicate that the physicochemical factors varied in conjunction with the different seasons, while communities and the degree of density of some caddisfly larvae were associated with variations of the physicochemical factors. Keywords: Trichoptera, Cobble, Environmental factors, Season
The Repellent Potential of Herbal Oils Alone and in Combination in Mouse Behavioral Models (Mus musculus)
Authors:   Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Chulikhit Yaowared , Maneenet Juthamart ,   Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Monthakantirat Orawan ,   Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Daodee Supawadee ,   Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Khamphukdee Charinya ,   Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
Published: July 2022

Abstract Natural repellent products are of interest worldwide due to their low toxicity, rapid degradation, and being friendly to the environment. The current study evaluated the efficiency of herbal oils from fragrant plants as mouse repellents. Orange oil (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), peppermint oil (Mentha × piperita L.), lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), ginger oil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), plai oil (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.), menthol and their combination were tested in a radial arm maze and light/dark transition test. For the short-term effect (week 0), each of the herbal oils and their combination were effective as mouse repellents, as shown by increased latency times and decreased time spent in arms containing repellents in the radial arm maze. Similarly, mice exposed to each of the herbal oils and their combination in the dark chamber spent more time in the light chamber in the light/dark transition test. Only peppermint oil and menthol failed to maintain their repellent activity in the long-term effect (week 1). Thus, we recommend spraying orange oil, lemongrass oil, ginger oil, plai oil and the combination of all oils every week for effective mouse repellant activity. Keywords: Medicinal plant, Mice, Natural product, Essential oils, Anxiety
Computational analysis of tibial slope adjustment with fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in ACL- and PCL-deficient models
Authors: Kwon Hyuck M. , Lee Jin-Ah , Koh Yong-Gon , Park Kwan K. , Kang Kyoung-Tak
Published: July 2022

Aims

A functional anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) has been assumed to be required for patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). However, this assumption has not been thoroughly tested. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the biomechanical effects exerted by cruciate ligament-deficient knees with medial UKAs regarding different posterior tibial slopes.

Methods

ACL- or PCL-deficient models with posterior tibial slopes of 1°, 3°, 5°, 7°, and 9° were developed and compared to intact models. The kinematics and contact stresses on the tibiofemoral joint were evaluated under gait cycle loading conditions.

Results

Anterior translation increased in ACL-deficient UKA cases compared with intact models. In contrast, posterior translation increased in PCL-deficient UKA cases compared with intact models. As the posterior tibial slope increased, anterior translation of ACL-deficient UKA increased significantly in the stance phase, and posterior translation of PCL-deficient UKA increased significantly in the swing phase. Furthermore, as the posterior tibial slope increased, contact stress on the other compartment increased in cruciate ligament-deficient UKAs compared with intact UKAs.

Conclusion

Fixed-bearing medial UKA is a viable treatment option for patients with cruciate ligament deficiency, providing a less invasive procedure and allowing patient-specific kinematics to adjust posterior tibial slope. Patient selection is important, and while AP kinematics can be compensated for by posterior tibial slope adjustment, rotational stability is a prerequisite for this approach. ACL- or PCL-deficient UKA that adjusts the posterior tibial slope might be an alternative treatment option for a skilled surgeon. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):494–502.
Study of the impact of wavefront aberrations on the characterization of ultrashort laser pulses with GRENOUILLE
Authors: Pichette Charles , Piché Michel , Marquet Pierre , Thibault Simon
Published: July 2022

In recent years, GRENOUILLE has emerged as a relatively simple technique to fully characterize the electric field of an ultrashort laser pulse in a single shot. It does so by spatially mapping the delays on the transverse spatial coordinate and by mapping the frequencies on the angular coordinate of the orthogonal direction. Because of this spatial mapping, an aberrated wavefront could distort and affect the measurement of the pulse. It is shown here experimentally how these aberrations can affect the measurement using a deformable mirror to induce various aberrations in the wavefront. This can result in distortions of the spectral or temporal profile of the retrieved pulse, and a decrease of the intensity of the second-harmonic signal generated by the nonlinear crystal. Additionally, the signatures of some of the distortions of the trace resemble those previously identified as being caused by pulse-front tilt or spatial chirp and could be interpreted as such while being in fact caused by aberrations. This can complicate the identification of the real source of the distortions, since a purely spatial effect can cause distortions similar to those created by dispersion-based phenomena or other types of spatiotemporal couplings.
Tailoring ultra-broadband vector beams via programming the electric field vector of light
Authors: Sun Peizhi , Wang Yifei , Yuan Conglong , Jia Shuzhen , Shen Dong , Zheng Zhigang
Published: July 2022

With spatially inhomogeneous polarization, vector beam (VB) has created substantial opportunities in both optics and photonics. However, the limited spectral bandwidth of VB generator hinders further advances for higher level of integration and functionality. Here, an innovative approach of programming the electric field vector of light is proposed to tailor arbitrary ultra-broadband VBs, in parallel among an unprecedented wavelength range over 1000 nm covering the visible and NIR band. We demonstrate the twisted nematic liquid crystals (TNLCs), specifically arranged in-situ by a dynamic programmable photopatterning, enable to directly manipulate the electric field vector of transmitted light into the VB as desired. Furthermore, the electrical responsiveness of TNLCs yields a dynamic multifunctionality between the VB and Gaussian beam. We anticipate this ultra-broadband VB generator would be promising for a variety of applications like optical manipulation, super-resolution imaging, and integrated optical communication system.
Compressive phase object classification using single-pixel digital holography
Authors: Endo Yutaka , Nakajima Gai
Published: July 2022

A single-pixel camera (SPC) is a computational imaging system that obtains compressed signals of a target scene using a single-pixel detector. The compressed signals can be directly used for image classification, thereby bypassing image reconstruction, which is computationally intensive and requires a high measurement rate. Here, we extend this direct inference to phase object classification using single-pixel digital holography (SPDH). Our method obtains compressed measurements of target complex amplitudes using SPDH and trains a classifier using those measurements for phase object classification. Furthermore, we present a joint optimization of the sampling patterns used in SPDH and a classifier to improve classification accuracy. The proposed method successfully classified phase object images of handwritten digits from the MNIST database, which is challenging for SPCs that can only capture intensity images.
SESAM mode-locked Tm:Y2O3 ceramic laser
Authors: Zhang Ning , Liu Shande , Wang Zhanxin , Liu Jian , Xu Xiaodong , Xu Jun , Wang Jun , Liu Peng , Ma Jie , Shen Deyuan , Tang Dingyuan , Lin Hui , Zhang Jian , Chen Weidong , Zhao Yongguang , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate a widely tunable and passively mode-locked Tm:Y2O3 ceramic laser in-band pumped by a 1627-nm Raman fiber laser. A tuning range of 318 nm, from 1833 to 2151 nm, is obtained in the continuous-wave regime. The SESAM mode-locked laser produces Fourier-transform-limited pulses as short as 75 fs at ∼ 2.06 µm with an average output power of 0.26 W at 86.3 MHz. For longer pulse durations of 178 fs, an average power of 0.59 W is achieved with a laser efficiency of 29%. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first mode-locked Tm:Y2O3 laser in the femtosecond regime. The spectroscopic properties and laser performance confirm that Tm:Y2O3 transparent ceramics are a promising gain material for ultrafast lasers at 2 µm.
RNANetMotif: Identifying sequence-structure RNA network motifs in RNA-protein binding sites
Authors: Ma Hongli , Wen Han , Xue Zhiyuan , Li Guojun , Zhang Zhaolei
Published: July 2022

RNA molecules can adopt stable secondary and tertiary structures, which are essential in mediating physical interactions with other partners such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and in carrying out their cellular functions. In vivo and in vitro experiments such as RNAcompete and eCLIP have revealed in vitro binding preferences of RBPs to RNA oligomers and in vivo binding sites in cells. Analysis of these binding data showed that the structure properties of the RNAs in these binding sites are important determinants of the binding events; however, it has been a challenge to incorporate the structure information into an interpretable model. Here we describe a new approach, RNANetMotif, which takes predicted secondary structure of thousands of RNA sequences bound by an RBP as input and uses a graph theory approach to recognize enriched subgraphs. These enriched subgraphs are in essence shared sequence-structure elements that are important in RBP-RNA binding. To validate our approach, we performed RNA structure modeling via coarse-grained molecular dynamics folding simulations for selected 4 RBPs, and RNA-protein docking for LIN28B. The simulation results, e.g., solvent accessibility and energetics, further support the biological relevance of the discovered network subgraphs.
Knowledge of modifiable cardiovascular diseases risk factors and its primary prevention practices among diabetic patients at Jimma University Medical Centre: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Workina Abdata , Habtamu Asaminew , Diribsa Tujuba , Abebe Fikadu
Published: July 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This is due to the increasing prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors. Hence, the study was aimed to identify knowledge and unhealthy behaviors that contribute to CVD among diabetes mellitus patients. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed among diabetes mellitus patients. A close-ended questionnaire developed from up-to-date similar literature was pretested and face-to-face interview techniques were used to collect data. Checked data were entered into the Epidata 4.1 versions. Then, descriptive and bivariate logistic regression was done using SPSS 25 versions. Of the study participants included in the study, 318, more than half of them, 167(52.5%), were aged ≥45 years and 187(58.8%) of them were females. Among the study participants, more than half, 198(62.3%), had good Knowledge of modifiable CVDs risk factors. Most of the study participants identified consuming foods rich in fats instead of vegetables and fruits 198(62.3%), followed by physical inactivity 196(61.6%) as a risk factor for CVD. Regarding CVDs prevention practice, 175(55.0%) of the patients had a good practice. More than three-fourths, 267(84.0%), practice avoiding foods rich in fats and, sugar, and cigarette smoking 250(78.6%). Predictors like educational status, college and above (AOR 2.68; 95% CI 1.14–6.27), and urban residence area (AOR 1.94; 95% CI 1.09–3.15) were associated with knowledge of CVDs risk factors. While sex, marital status monthly income, and age of the participants had no association with knowledge and prevention practice of modifiable CVDs risk factors. The study participants’ knowledge and prevention practice of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors was satisfactory, even though continuous awareness creation is required to lower CVD mortality and morbidity burdens. Educational status and residence are of the study participants affect the knowledge and prevention practice modifiable of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Regional and demographic variations of Carotid artery Intima and Media Thickness (CIMT): A Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abeysuriya V. , Perera B. P. R. , Wickremasinghe A. R.
Published: July 2022

Background and objective

Carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) is a strong predictor of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and independent phenotype of early atherosclerosis. The global variation of CIMT and its demographic association is yet unclear. We evaluated regional variations of CIMT based on WHO regions and assessed the differences by age and sex.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on studies published between 1980 January up to December 2020. PubMed, Oxford Medicine Online, EBSCO, Taylor & Francis, Oxford University Press and Embase data bases were used for searching. Supplementary searches were conducted on the Web of Science and Google Scholar. Grey literature was searched in “Open Grey” website. The two major criteria used were “adults” and “carotid intima media”. The search strategy for PubMed was created first and then adapted for the Oxford Medicine Online, EBSCO, Taylor & Francis, Oxford University Press and Embase databases. Covidence software (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia; http://www.covidence.org) was used to manage the study selection process. Meta-analyses were done using the random-effects model. An I2 ≥ 50% or p< 0:05 were considered to indicate significant heterogeneity.

Results

Of 2847 potential articles, 46 eligible articles were included in the review contributing data for 49 381 individuals (mean age: 55.6 years, male: 55.8%). The pooled mean CIMT for the non-CHD group was 0.65mm (95%CI: 0.62–0.69). There was a significant difference in the mean CIMT between regions (p = 0.04). Countries in the African (0.72mm), American (0.71mm) and European (0.71mm) regions had a higher pooled mean CIMT compared to those in the South East Asian (0.62mm), West Pacific (0.60mm) and Eastern Mediterranean (0.60mm) regions. Males had a higher pooled mean CIMT of 0.06mm than females in the non CHD group (p = 0.001); there were also regional differences. The CHD group had a significantly higher mean CIMT than the non-CHD group (difference = 0.23mm, p = 0.001) with regional variations. Carotid artery segment-specific-CIMT variations are present in this population. Older persons and those having CHD group had significantly thicker CIMTs.

Conclusions

CIMT varies according to region, age, sex and whether a person having CHD. There are significant regional differences of mean CIMT between CHD and non-CHD groups. Segment specific CIMT variations exist among regions. There is an association between CHD and CIMT values.
Mechanisms of azole antifungal resistance in clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis
Authors: Paul Saikat , Shaw Dipika , Joshi Himanshu , Singh Shreya , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Ghosh Anup K.
Published: July 2022

This study was designed to understand the molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in Candida tropicalis using genetic and bioinformatics approaches. Thirty-two azole-resistant and 10 azole-susceptible (S) clinical isolates of C. tropicalis were subjected to mutation analysis of the azole target genes including ERG11. Inducible expression analysis of 17 other genes potentially associated with azole resistance was also evaluated. Homology modeling and molecular docking analysis were performed to study the effect of amino acid alterations in mediating azole resistance. Of the 32 resistant isolates, 12 (37.5%) showed A395T and C461T mutations in the ERG11 gene. The mean overexpression of CDR1, CDR3, TAC1, ERG1, ERG2, ERG3, ERG11, UPC2, and MKC1 in resistant isolates without mutation (R-WTM) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those with mutation (R-WM) and the sensitive isolates (3.2–11 vs. 0.2–2.5 and 0.3–2.2 folds, respectively). Although the R-WTM and R-WM had higher (p<0.05) CDR2 and MRR1 expression compared to S isolates, noticeable variation was not seen among the other genes. Protein homology modelling and molecular docking revealed that the mutations in the ERG11 gene were responsible for structural alteration and low binding efficiency between ERG11p and ligands. Isolates with ERG11 mutations also presented A220C in ERG1 and together T503C, G751A mutations in UPC2. Nonsynonymous mutations in the ERG11 gene and coordinated overexpression of various genes including different transporters, ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, transcription factors, and stress-responsive genes are associated with azole resistance in clinical isolates of C. tropicalis.