bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geomagnetism: From Alexander von Humboldt to Current Challenges
Authors: Korte Monika , Mandea Mioara
Published: July 2019

The Earth's magnetic field shields our habitat against potentially harmful charged particles from outer space. Moreover, it is an important source of information about Earth's deep interior and geological history, both inaccessible to direct observations. Geomagnetism, the study of all aspects of the Earth's magneticfield, formed as a field of natural sciences in the early nineteenth century, largely under the influence of two prominent polymaths, Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Friedrich Gauss. On the occasion of the AGU 2019 centennial and Alexander von Humboldt's 250th anniversary, we link Humboldt's activities in geomagnetism with modern research in this domain and its challenges. Based on magnetic field observations during his scientific journeys, Alexander von Humboldt determined the increase of magnetic intensity with distance from the equator. He initiated coordinated observations across the globe and thus laid the foundation for international data exchange and collaboration. Observation is a prerequisite to a better understanding of the Earth's magnetic field with its various sources from the Earth's core, lithosphere, and electrical current systems outside the Earth, with a multitude of applications from navigation, exploration, natural hazard assessment, and study of Earth's evolution. A full understanding of the physical processes underlying the various geomagnetic field sources is mandatory to tackle the challenge of forecasting the future geomagnetic field evolution and to take advantage of the information that the geomagnetic field can provide about the Earth's history, geological and tectonic conditions and processes, and the near‐Earth's space environment.
The Signal‐to‐Noise Paradox for Interannual Surface Atmospheric Temperature Predictions
Authors: Sévellec F. , Drijfhout S. S.
Published: July 2019

The “signal‐to‐noise paradox” implies that climate models are better at predicting observations than themselves. Here, it is shown that this apparent paradox is expected when the relative level of predicted signal is weaker in models than in observations. In the presence of model error, the paradox only occurs in the range of small signal‐to‐noise ratio of the model, occurring for even smaller model signal‐to‐noise ratio with increasing model error. This paradox is always a signature of the prediction unreliability. Applying this concept to noninitialized simulations of Surface Atmospheric Temperature (SAT) of the CMIP5 database, under the assumption that prediction skill is associated with persistence, shows that global mean SAT is marginally less persistent in models than in observations. However, at a local scale, the analysis suggests that ∼70% of the globe exhibits the signal‐to‐noise paradox for local SAT interannual forecasts and that the Signal‐to‐Noise Paradox occurs especially over the oceans.
Statistical Properties of Molecular Ions in the Ring Current Observed by the Arase (ERG) Satellite
Authors: Seki K. , Keika K. , Kasahara S. , Yokota S. , Hori T. , Asamura K. , Higashio N. , Takada M. , Ogawa Y. , Matsuoka A. , Teramoto M. , Miyoshi Y. , Shinohara I.
Published: July 2019

Molecular ions in the magnetosphere can be a tracer of fast ion outflows from the deep ionosphere. Statistical properties of molecular ions (O2+/NO+/N2+) in the ring current are investigated based on ion composition measurements (<180 keV/q) by medium‐energy particle experiments‐electron analyzer and low‐energy particle experiments‐ion mass analyzer instruments on board the Arase (Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace, ERG) satellite. The investigated period from late March to December 2017 includes 11 geomagnetic storms with the minimum Dst index less than −40 nT. The molecular ions are observed in the region of L = 2.5–6.6 and clearly identified at energies above ~12 keV during most magnetic storms. During quiet times, molecular ions are not observed. The average energy density ratio of the molecular ions to O+ is ~3%. The ratio tends to increase with the size of magnetic storms. Existence of molecular ions even during small magnetic storms suggests that the fast ion outflow from the deep ionosphere occurs frequently during geomagnetically active periods.
Brain expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene family in cognitive aging and alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mahoney Emily R. , Dumitrescu Logan , Moore Annah M. , Cambronero Francis E. , De Jager Philip L. , Koran Mary Ellen I. , Petyuk Vladislav A. , Robinson Renã A. S. , Goyal Sandeep , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Jefferson Angela L. , Hohman Timothy J.
Published: July 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with the clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the role of the VEGF gene family in neuroprotection is complex due to the number of biological pathways they regulate. This study explored associations between brain expression of VEGF genes with cognitive performance and AD pathology. Genetic, cognitive, and neuropathology data were acquired from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. Expression of ten VEGF ligand and receptor genes was quantified using RNA sequencing of prefrontal cortex tissue. Global cognitive composite scores were calculated from 17 neuropsychological tests. β-amyloid and tau burden were measured at autopsy. Participants (n = 531) included individuals with normal cognition (n = 180), mild cognitive impairment (n = 148), or AD dementia (n = 203). Mean age at death was 89 years and 37% were male. Higher prefrontal cortex expression of VEGFB, FLT4, FLT1, and PGF was associated with worse cognitive trajectories (p ≤ 0.01). Increased expression of VEGFB and FLT4 was also associated with lower cognition scores at the last visit before death (p ≤ 0.01). VEGFB, FLT4, and FLT1 were upregulated among AD dementia compared with normal cognition participants (p ≤ 0.03). All four genes associated with cognition related to elevated β-amyloid (p ≤ 0.01) and/or tau burden (p ≤ 0.03). VEGF ligand and receptor genes, specifically genes relevant to FLT4 and FLT1 receptor signaling, are associated with cognition, longitudinal cognitive decline, and AD neuropathology. Future work should confirm these observations at the protein level to better understand how changes in VEGF transcription and translation relate to neurodegenerative disease.
How do women experience a false-positive test result from breast screening? A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Long Hannah , Brooks Joanna M. , Harvie Michelle , Maxwell Anthony , French David P.
Published: July 2019

Background

This is the first review to identify, appraise and synthesise women’s experiences of having a false-positive breast screening test result.

Methods

We systematically searched eight databases for qualitative research reporting women’s experiences of receiving a false-positive screening test result. Two reviewers independently screened articles. Eight papers reporting seven studies were included. Study quality was appraised. Data were thematically synthesised.

Results

Women passively attended screening in order to prove their perceived good health. Consequently, being recalled was unexpected, shocking and disempowering: women felt without options. They endured great uncertainty and stress and sought clarity about their health (e.g. by scrutinising the wording of recall letters and conversations with healthcare professionals). Their result was accompanied by relief and welcome feelings of certainty about their health, but some received unclear explanations of their result, contributing to lasting breast cancer-related worry and an ongoing need for further reassurance.

Conclusion

The organisation of breast screening programmes may constrain choice for women: they became passive recipients. The way healthcare professionals verbally communicate results to women may contribute to lasting breast cancer-related worry. Women need more reassurance, emotional support and answers to their questions before and during screening assessment, and after receiving their result.
Fate decision of satellite cell differentiation and self-renewal by miR-31-IL34 axis
Authors: Su Yang , Yu Yingying , Liu Chuncheng , Zhang Yuying , Liu Chang , Ge Mengxu , Li Lei , Lan Miaomiao , Wang Tongtong , Li Min , Liu Fan , Xiong Lei , Wang Kun , He Ting , Shi Jianyun , Song Yongli , Zhao Yaofeng , Li Ning , Yu Zhengquan , Meng Qingyong
Published: July 2019

Quiescent satellite cells (SCs) that are activated to produce numerous myoblasts underpin the complete healing of damaged skeletal muscle. How cell-autonomous regulatory mechanisms modulate the balance among cells committed to differentiation and those committed to self-renewal to maintain the stem cell pool remains poorly explored. Here, we show that miR-31 inactivation compromises muscle regeneration in adult mice by impairing the expansion of myoblasts. miR-31 is pivotal for SC proliferation, and its deletion promotes asymmetric cell fate segregation of proliferating cells, resulting in enhanced myogenic commitment and re-entry into quiescence. Further analysis revealed that miR-31 posttranscriptionally suppresses interleukin 34 (IL34) mRNA, the protein product of which activates JAK–STAT3 signaling required for myogenic progression. IL34 inhibition rescues the regenerative deficiency of miR-31 knockout mice. Our results provide evidence that targeting miR-31 or IL34 activities in SCs could be used to counteract the functional exhaustion of SCs in pathological conditions.
Identification of intracellular cavin target proteins reveals cavin-PP1alpha interactions regulate apoptosis
Authors: McMahon Kerrie-Ann , Wu Yeping , Gambin Yann , Sierecki Emma , Tillu Vikas A. , Hall Thomas , Martel Nick , Okano Satomi , Moradi Shayli Varasteh , Ruelcke Jayde E. , Ferguson Charles , Yap Alpha S. , Alexandrov Kirill , Hill Michelle M. , Parton Robert G.
Published: July 2019

Caveolae are specialized domains of the plasma membrane. Formation of these invaginations is dependent on the expression of Caveolin-1 or -3 and proteins of the cavin family. In response to stress, caveolae disassemble and cavins are released from caveolae, allowing cavins to potentially interact with intracellular targets. Here, we describe the intracellular (non-plasma membrane) cavin interactome using biotin affinity proteomics and mass spectrometry. We validate 47 potential cavin-interactor proteins using a cell-free expression system and protein-protein binding assays. These data, together with pathway analyses, reveal unknown roles for cavin proteins in metabolism and stress signaling. We validated the interaction between one candidate interactor protein, protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α), and Cavin-1 and -3 and show that UV treatment causes release of Cavin3 from caveolae allowing interaction with, and inhibition of, PP1α. This interaction increases H2AX phosphorylation to stimulate apoptosis, identifying a pro-apoptotic signaling pathway from surface caveolae to the nucleus.
Arbitrarily routed mode-division multiplexed photonic circuits for dense integration
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Xu Ke , Wang Shuai , Shen Weihong , Xie Hucheng , Wang Yujie , Xiao Shumin , Yao Yong , Du Jiangbing , He Zuyuan , Song Qinghai
Published: July 2019

On-chip integrated mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is an emerging technique for large-capacity data communications. In the past few years, while several configurations have been developed to realize on-chip MDM circuits, their practical applications are significantly hindered by the large footprint and inter-mode cross talk. Most importantly, the high-speed MDM signal transmission in an arbitrarily routed circuit is still absent. Herein, we demonstrate the MDM circuits based on digitized meta-structures which have extremely compact footprints. 112 Gbit/s signals encoded on each mode are arbitrarily routed through the circuits consisting of many sharp bends and compact crossings with a bit error rate under forward error correction limit. This will significantly improve the integration density and benefit various on-chip multimode optical systems.
Genomic epidemiology of syphilis reveals independent emergence of macrolide resistance across multiple circulating lineages
Authors: Beale Mathew A. , Marks Michael , Sahi Sharon K. , Tantalo Lauren C. , Nori Achyuta V. , French Patrick , Lukehart Sheila A. , Marra Christina M. , Thomson Nicholas R.
Published: July 2019

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum and may lead to severe complications. Recent years have seen striking increases in syphilis in many countries. Previous analyses have suggested one lineage of syphilis, SS14, may have expanded recently, indicating emergence of a single pandemic azithromycin-resistant cluster. Here we use direct sequencing of T. pallidum combined with phylogenomic analyses to show that both SS14- and Nichols-lineages are simultaneously circulating in clinically relevant populations in multiple countries. We correlate the appearance of genotypic macrolide resistance with multiple independently evolved SS14 sub-lineages and show that genotypically resistant and sensitive sub-lineages are spreading contemporaneously. These findings inform our understanding of the current syphilis epidemic by demonstrating how macrolide resistance evolves in Treponema subspecies and provide a warning on broader issues of antimicrobial resistance.
Adipose group 1 innate lymphoid cells promote adipose tissue fibrosis and diabetes in obesity
Authors: Wang Hongdong , Shen Lei , Sun Xitai , Liu Fangcen , Feng Wenhuan , Jiang Chunping , Chu Xuehui , Ye Xiao , Jiang Can , Wang Yan , Zhang Pengzi , Zang Mengwei , Zhu Dalong , Bi Yan
Published: July 2019

Pathogenic factors driving obesity to type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not fully understood. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are effectors of innate immunity and enriched in inflamed tissues. Here we show that the number of adipose ILC1s increases in obese T2D patients and correlates with glycemic parameters and with the number of ILC1s in the blood; circulating ILC1 numbers decrease as a result of metabolic improvements after bariatric surgery. In vitro co-culture experiments show that human adipose ILC1s promote adipose fibrogenesis and CD11c+ macrophage activation. Reconstruction of the adipose ILC1 population in Prkdc−/−IL2rg−/− mice by adoptive transfer drives adipose fibrogenesis through activation of TGFβ1 signaling; however, transfer of Ifng−/− ILC1s has no effect on adipose fibrogenesis. Furthermore, inhibiting adipose accumulation of ILC1s using IL-12 neutralizing antibodies attenuates adipose tissue fibrosis and improves glycemic tolerance. Our data present insights into the mechanisms of local immune disturbances in obesity-related T2D.
Microbial metagenomes and metatranscriptomes during a coastal phytoplankton bloom
Authors: Nowinski Brent , Smith Christa B. , Thomas Courtney M. , Esson Kaitlin , Marin Roman , Preston Christina M. , Birch James M. , Scholin Christopher A. , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Foster Brian , Foster Bryce , Roux Simon , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mukherjee Supratim , Reddy T. B. K. , Daum Chris , Copeland Alex , Chen I.-Min A. , Ivanova Natalia N. , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Glavina del Rio Tijana , Whitman William B. , Kiene Ronald P. , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A. , Moran Mary Ann
Published: July 2019

Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic time-series data covering a 52-day period in the fall of 2016 provide an inventory of bacterial and archaeal community genes, transcripts, and taxonomy during an intense dinoflagellate bloom in Monterey Bay, CA, USA. The dataset comprises 84 metagenomes (0.8 terabases), 82 metatranscriptomes (1.1 terabases), and 88 16S rRNA amplicon libraries from samples collected on 41 dates. The dataset also includes 88 18S rRNA amplicon libraries, characterizing the taxonomy of the eukaryotic community during the bloom. Accompanying the sequence data are chemical and biological measurements associated with each sample. These datasets will facilitate studies of the structure and function of marine bacterial communities during episodic phytoplankton blooms.
A quantitative, high-throughput method identifies protein–glycan interactions via mass spectrometry
Authors: Kitov Pavel I. , Kitova Elena N. , Han Ling , Li Zhixiong , Jung Jaesoo , Rodrigues Emily , Hunter Carmanah D. , Cairo Christopher W. , Macauley Matthew S. , Klassen John S.
Published: July 2019

Glycan binding by glycan-binding proteins and processing by carbohydrate-active enzymes is implicated in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Comprehensive mapping of glycan interactions is essential to understanding of glycan-mediated biology and can guide the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we introduce the competitive universal proxy receptor assay (CUPRA), which combines electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, competitive binding and heterobifunctional glycan-based ligands to give a quantitative high-throughput method for screening glycan libraries against glycan-binding and glycan-processing proteins. Application of the assay to human (siglec-2), plant (Sambucus nigra and Maackia amurensis lectins) and bacterial (cholera toxin, and family 51 carbohydrate binding module) proteins allowed for the identification of ligands with affinities (Kd) ≤ 1 mM. The assay is unprecedentedly versatile and can be applied to natural libraries and, when implemented in a time-resolved manner, provides a quantitative measure of the activities and substrate specificity of carbohydrate-active enzymes.
An excellent colorimetric and “turn off” fluorescent probe for tetrahydrofuran based on a luminescent macrocyclic samarium(iii) complex
Authors: Yang Zhuo-Ran , Feng Cheng-Cheng , Nie Peng-Peng , Chen Ting-Ting , Zhang Lin-Feng , Ma Shuang , Shen Yin-Jing , Lu Ze-Ying , Lin Meng-Lu , Zhang Kun
Published: July 2019

We designed and prepared a macrocyclic samarium(iii) complex which served as an excellent colorimetric and “turn-off” fluorescent probe for sensing tetrahydrofuran.
ABO3 and A1−xCxB1−yDy(O1−zEz)3: review of experimental optimisation of thin film perovskites by high-throughput evaporative physical vapour deposition
Authors: Guerin Samuel , Hayden Brian E.
Published: July 2019

High throughput perovskite thin films made by evaporative physical vapour deposition gives unprecedented access to composition-properties relationships.
Wireless near-infrared electrical stimulation of neurite outgrowth
Authors: Sun Hanjun , Yu Dongqin , Guan Yijia , Du Zhi , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: July 2019

A new photoelectrochemical approach which could generate an interfacial electric field, release ions and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC12 cells under NIR irradiation, realizing wireless neurite development and outgrowth, was put forward.
Quantification of CYFRA 21-1 and a CYFRA 21-1–anti-CYFRA 21-1 autoantibody immune complex for detection of early stage lung cancer
Authors: Song Keum-Soo , Nimse Satish Balasaheb , Warkad Shrikant Dashrath , Oh Ae-Chin , Kim Taisun , Hong Young Jun
Published: July 2019

Population-based screening of stage 0–I lung cancer is crucial for saving lives. The CIC/CYFRA 21-1 ratio allows the detection of stage I lung cancer with 76.0% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity.
A nanogel sensor for colorimetric fluorescence measurement of ionizing radiation doses
Authors: Li Wenxiang , Nie Jing , Hu Rui , Zhao Rui , Zhu Weifang , Chen Xinjian , Li Dan , Wang Lei , Hu Liang
Published: July 2019

A polyacrylamide-based nanogel sensor was constructed for spectral and visual colorimetric fluorescence measurement of ionizing radiation doses.
1,2-Bis(arylthio)arene synthesis via aryne intermediates
Authors: Mesgar Milad , Nguyen-Le Justin , Daugulis Olafs
Published: July 2019

Use of a bulky LDAM base allows for an efficient synthesis of 1,2-bis(arylthio)arenes from aryl halides and triflates.
A hybrid metal–dielectric zero mode waveguide for enhanced single molecule detection
Authors: Zambrana-Puyalto Xavier , Ponzellini Paolo , Maccaferri Nicolò , Tessarolo Enrico , Pelizzo Maria G. , Zhang Weidong , Barbillon Grégory , Lu Guowei , Garoli Denis
Published: July 2019

Demonstration of a high performance hybrid plasmonic zero mode waveguide based on glass–Si–Au film patterned with nanoholes.
Rational design of alkali-resistant catalysts for selective NO reduction with NH3
Authors: Li Chao , Huang Zhiwei , Liu Xiaona , Chen Junxiao , Qu Weiye , Jiang Xiaoming , Wang Hu , Ma Zhen , Tang Xingfu , Chen Yaxin
Published: July 2019

A rationale was proposed for designing alkali-resistant SCR catalysts, which have common characteristics of separate active sites and alkali-trapping sites.
Highly selective and wash-free visualization of resistant bacteria with a relebactam-derived fluorogenic probe
Authors: Chen Yefeng , Xu Minqiu , Xu Weipan , Song Heng , Hu Liqiang , Xue Shuyuan , Zhang Shuangzhan , Qian Xiana , Xie Hexin
Published: July 2019

An unprecedented relebactam-based fluorogenic probe is reported for the wash-free imaging of resistant bacteria.
Modulating charge carrier density and mobility in doped graphene by covalent functionalization
Authors: Arellano Luis M. , Yue Sun , Atienzar Pedro , Gómez-Escalonilla María J. , Ortega-Higueruelo Francisco J. , Fierro José Luis G. , García Hermenegildo , Langa Fernando
Published: July 2019

We describe for the first time the covalent B-functionalization of B-doped graphene. Besides, the Hall effect can be modulated by the nature of the organic addend.
meso-Alkylidenyl dibenzihexaphyrins: synthesis and protonation studies
Authors: Hong Seong-Jin , Dutta Ranjan , Kumar Ravi , He Qing , Lynch Vincent M. , Sessler Jonathan L. , Lee Chang-Hee
Published: July 2019

The synthesis and characterization of the alkylidenyl-dibenzihexaphyrins bearing four indanedionyl groups at themeso-positions linkedviafourmeso-exocyclic double bonds is reported.
A tumor microenvironment model coupled with a mass spectrometry system to probe the metabolism of drug-loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Lin Ling , Zheng Yajing , Wu Zengnan , Zhang Wei , Lin Jin-Ming
Published: July 2019

A tumor microenvironment vasculature model coupled with a mass spectrometry system to probe the metabolism of drug-loaded nanoparticles.
Fully independent photochemical reactivity in one molecule
Authors: Marschner David E. , Franck Christoph O. , Abt Doris , Mutlu Hatice , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: July 2019

We introduce a chemically λ-orthogonal bichromophore triggered simply by different colours of light, enabling two different photochemical reactions in one molecule.
The Pd-catalyzed C–H alkylation of ortho-methyl-substituted aromatic amides with maleimide occurs preferentially at the ortho-methyl C–H bond over the ortho-C–H bond
Authors: He Qiyuan , Ano Yusuke , Chatani Naoto
Published: July 2019

The reaction of ortho-methyl-substituted aromatic amides with maleimides in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 and AgOAc results in C–H alkylation only at the ortho-methyl C–H bond.
Unravelling the detrimental effect of water in the polyol synthesis of ultrathin silver nanowires
Authors: Chen Guinan , Wang Guixin , Gu Yujia , Wu Zelei , Ye Changhui
Published: July 2019

Generation of particle by-products during the synthesis of ultrathin silver nanowires can be suppressed via eliminating water in a precursor mixing step.
Electron spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experimental identification of atomic orbital contributions to valence electronic structure
Authors: Fogarty Richard M. , Palgrave Robert G. , Bourne Richard A. , Handrup Karsten , Villar-Garcia Ignacio J. , Payne David J. , Hunt Patricia A. , Lovelock Kevin R. J.
Published: July 2019

We provide original, independent and extensive experimental evidence for identification of the highest occupied molecular orbital for 37 ionic liquids.
Unveiling the thermolysis natures of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 by employing in situ structural characterization studies
Authors: Wu Chunhui , Xie Donggang , Mei Yingjie , Xiu Zhifeng , Poduska Kristin M. , Li Dacheng , Xu Ben , Sun Daofeng
Published: July 2019

ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 exhibit different thermolysis natures based on the in situ structural characterization techniques.
Inner-shell X-ray absorption spectra of the cationic series NHy+ (y = 0–3)
Authors: Bari Sadia , Inhester Ludger , Schubert Kaja , Mertens Karolin , Schunck Jan O. , Dörner Simon , Deinert Sascha , Schwob Lucas , Schippers Stefan , Müller Alfred , Klumpp Stephan , Martins Michael
Published: July 2019

Determination of the electronic structure of mass-selected transient molecular ions which can be considered as building blocks of biomolecules.
An analog to Bond number for pendant nanodrops
Authors: Berim Gersh O. , Ruckenstein Eli
Published: July 2019

A new dimensionless number is introduced which characterizes the shape and stability of a pendant nanodrop.
Photoreduction of triplet thioxanthone derivative by azolium tetraphenylborate: a way to photogenerate N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Trinh Thi Kim Hoang , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Pinaud Julien , Lacroix-Desmazes Patrick , Reibel Corine , Joyeux Cécile , Le Nouen Didier , Métivier Rémi , Brosseau Arnaud , Héroguez Valérie , Chemtob Abraham
Published: July 2019

The photochemical mechanism of a novel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) photogenerator is elucidatedviathe accurate identification of transient species and photoproducts.
Probing molecular interactions of PEGylated chitosan in aqueous solutions using a surface force apparatus
Authors: Xiang Li , Gong Lu , Zhang Jiawen , Zhang Ling , Hu Wenjihao , Wang Wenda , Lu Qingye , Zeng Hongbo
Published: July 2019

The effects of contact time, solution pH and PEGylation degree on the non-covalent interaction behavior of chitosan are systematically investigated.
Binding and activation of ethylene on tungsten carbide and platinum surfaces
Authors: Jimenez-Orozco Carlos , Flórez Elizabeth , Montoya Alejandro , Rodriguez Jose A.
Published: July 2019

Density functional theory calculations were used to evaluate the ability of surfaces of cubic and hexagonal phases of tungsten carbide to bind ethylene.
Two-dimensional polyimide heterojunctions for the efficient removal of environmental pollutants under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhao Xinyu , Zhao Yingnan , Tan Hua-Qiao , Du Zhilu , Shang Qingkun , Qiu Tianyu , Ho Wingkei
Published: July 2019

Synergism of enhanced light absorption and well intimate interfacial charge transition providing excellent photocatalytic performance of polymide heterojunctions PI–TDx.
All about that base: investigating the role of ligand basicity in pyridyl complexes derived from a copper-Schiff base coordination polymer
Authors: Beddoe Samuel V. F. , Lonergan Rhona F. , Pitak Mateusz B. , Price Jason R. , Coles Simon J. , Kitchen Jonathan A. , Keene Tony D.
Published: July 2019

Ligand pKa and Hammett parameter are key in rationalising the formation of complexes with a soluble copper(ii) Schiff base unit.
Visible light-induced cytotoxicity studies on Co(ii) complexes having an anthracene-based curcuminoid ligand
Authors: Das Dhananjay , Banaspati Atrayee , Das Namisha , Bora Bidisha , Raza Md Kausar , Goswami Tridib K.
Published: July 2019

Co(ii) complexes having an anthracene-based curcuminoid ligand display moderate binding propensity towards calf thymus DNA and human serum albumin and remarkable photo-cytotoxicity in HeLa, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells on excitation with visible light.
Alkali aluminosilicate geopolymers as binders to encapsulate strontium-selective titanate ion-exchangers
Authors: Ke Xinyuan , Bernal Susan A. , Sato Tsutomu , Provis John L.
Published: July 2019

Geopolymer cements can be used to solidify strontium-contaminated ion exchanger particles, forming a stable monolith potentially suitable for final disposal.
Emerging investigator series: interdependency of green rust transformation and the partitioning and binding mode of arsenic
Authors: van Genuchten C. M. , Behrends T. , Dideriksen K.
Published: July 2019

Structural transformations of green rust and the partitioning of arsenic were tracked during aging for up to a year.
On the arrangement of chromophores in light harvesting complexes: chance versus design
Authors: Claridge Kirsten , Padula Daniele , Troisi Alessandro
Published: July 2019

We used a homogeneous computational approach to derive the excitonic Hamiltonian for five light harvesting complexes containing only one type of chromophore and studied their approximate exciton dynamics.
Challenges in constructing accurate methods for hydrogen transfer reactions in large biological assemblies: rare events sampling for mechanistic discovery and tensor networks for quantum nuclear effects
Authors: DeGregorio Nicole , Iyengar Srinivasan S.
Published: July 2019

We present two methods that address the computational complexities arising in hydrogen transfer reactions in enzyme active sites.
Valorization of aqueous waste streams from thermochemical biorefineries
Authors: Wilson A. Nolan , Dutta Abhijit , Black Brenna A. , Mukarakate Calvin , Magrini Kim , Schaidle Joshua A. , Michener William E. , Beckham Gregg T. , Nimlos Mark R.
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate production and separation of coproducts through catalytic fast pyrolysis using well-described and scalable operations achieving 97 wt% purity.
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived furfural-acetone to prepare 1-octyl acetate
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Li Yanbing , Deng Jin , Fu Yao
Published: July 2019

A green and efficient catalytic system for the one-pot production of 1-octyl acetate from biomass-derived furfural-acetone under mild conditions was developed by selective hydrodeoxygenation over Pd/C and Sc(OTf)3 as a cocatalytic system.
Simultaneous RNA purification and size selection using on-chip isotachophoresis with an ionic spacer
Authors: Han Crystal M. , Catoe David , Munro Sarah A. , Khnouf Ruba , Snyder Michael P. , Santiago Juan G. , Salit Marc L. , Cenik Can
Published: July 2019

We present an on-chip method that achieves simultaneous RNA extraction and size selection, and demonstrate its compatibility with high-throughput sequencing.
Synthesis of stable CdS nanocrystals using experimental design: optimization of the emission
Authors: Di Tocco Aylén , Porcal Gabriela Valeria , Riberi Walter Iván , Zon María Alicia , Fernández Héctor , Robledo Sebastian Noel , Arévalo Fernando Javier
Published: July 2019

This work investigates CdS nanocrystal synthesis by applying chemometric tools. Very good reproducibility of nanocrystals of CdS was obtained.
Copper-mediated synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones from N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamide and amidine hydrochlorides
Authors: Ban Zihui , Cui Xinfeng , Hu Fangpeng , Lu Guoqiang , Luo Nan , Huang Guosheng
Published: July 2019

An efficient copper-mediated tandem C(sp2)–H amination to provide quinazolinones from N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamide and amidine hydrochlorides has been developed.
Facile template synthesis of water-soluble triazine-based Schiff base ligand bridged-coordination polymers of Co(ii), Ni(ii), and Cu(ii): structure, biomolecular interactions, and cytotoxic activity
Authors: Parveen Sheikdawood , Premkumar Thathan , Nguyen Hung Huy , Govindarajan Subbiah
Published: July 2019

For the first time, a new hydrazone Schiff base ligand and its Co(ii), Ni(ii), and Cu(ii) complexes were synthesised and characterised. Their antioxidant and binding activities towards CT-DNA and BSA were evaluated.
Improved photoelectrocatalytic effect of Co(ii) and Fe(iii) mixed porphyrins on graphite paste electrodes towards hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Gidi Leyla , Honores Jessica , Ibarra José , Arce Roxana , Aguirre M. J. , Ramírez Galo
Published: July 2019

The use of light in metallic complexes has been widely studied in the photoelectrocatalytic performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
A comparative theoretical study on the optoelectronic and nonlinear optical properties of [Pt(bpy)(qdt)] derivatives with electron-donating and -withdrawing anchors
Authors: Samiee Sepideh , Hossienpour Parisa
Published: July 2019

A series of [Pt(bpy)(qdt)] {bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; qdt = quinoxaline-2,3-dithiolate} derivatives was chosen to study the effect of structural modifications on the optoelectronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the molecules.
Luminescent imidazolium–naphthalene salts in liquid and solid states
Authors: L’Her Matthieu , Atoini Youssef , Fouchet Julien , Heinrich Benoît , Del-Giudice Nicolas , Scrafton Emma , Bordes Emilie , Karmazin Lydia , Charbonière Loïc , De Cola Luisa , Douce Laurent
Published: July 2019

This article describes highly luminescent ionic compounds in liquid and crystalline states, where a naphthalene moiety is conjugated to an imidazolium center decorated with two different lengths of alkyl chains.
Correction: PCL–DOX microdroplets: an evaluation of the enhanced intracellular delivery of doxorubicin in metastatic cancer cells via in silico and in vitro approaches
Authors: Kaushik Aman Chandra , Kumar Ajay , Yu Chun-Yen , Kuo Shiao-Wei , Liang Shih-Shin , Singh Satya P. , Wang Xiangeng , Wang Yan-Jing , Yen Chung-Kun , Dai Xiaofeng , Wei Dong-Qing , Pan Cheng-Tang , Shiue Yow-Ling
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘PCL–DOX microdroplets: an evaluation of the enhanced intracellular delivery of doxorubicin in metastatic cancer cells via in silico and in vitro approaches’ by Aman Chandra Kaushik et al., New J. Chem., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01902b.
Ni2P promotes the hydrogenation activity of naphthalene on wrinkled silica nanoparticles with tunable hierarchical pore sizes in a large range
Authors: Hu Di , Duan Aijun , Xu Chunming , Zheng Peng , Li Yuyang , Xiao Chengkun , Liu Cong , Meng Qian , Li Huiping
Published: July 2019

Herein, a series of wrinkled silica nanoparticles with hierarchical pores (HPWSNs) were successfully prepared by dual-templating, of which the Ni2P/HPWSNs-0.13 catalyst with the smallest Ni2P particles exhibited the highest naphthalene hydrogenation activity.
Charge-state assignment of nanoscale single-electron transistors from their current–voltage characteristics
Authors: Limburg Bart , Thomas James O. , Sowa Jakub K. , Willick Kyle , Baugh Jonathan , Gauger Erik M. , Briggs G. Andrew D. , Mol Jan A. , Anderson Harry L.
Published: July 2019

The charge state of a single-molecule transistor can be determined at liquid nitrogen temperatures by simply observing the IV characteristics.
Self-assembled full nanowire P(VDF-TrFE) films with both anisotropic and high bidirectional piezoelectricity
Authors: Yu Jing , Cai Kai , Jin Li , Ning Hong-Long , Deng Ping-Ye , Ma Jing-Tao , Guo Dong
Published: July 2019

Selective vapor annealing gives self-assembled novel full nanowire P(VDF-TrFE) films with both anisotropic and high bidirectional piezoelectricity.
Correction: A metal-free cascade reaction of β-halo-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diols: synthesis of polycyclic 2-formylthiophenes
Authors: Goswami Limi , Neog Kashmiri , Sharma Kumud , Gogoi Pranjal
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘A metal-free cascade reaction of β-halo-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diols: synthesis of polycyclic 2-formylthiophenes’ by Limi Goswami et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2017, 15, 6470–6473.
Graphene quantum dot induced tunable growth of nanostructured MnCo2O4.5 composites for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Maiwen , Liu Wenwen , Liang Ruilin , Tjandra Ricky , Yu Aiping
Published: July 2019

A method that adapts graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as structural inducing agents to tune the morphology of MnCo2O4.5/GQDs composites is developed, and utilized to enhance their electrochemical performance for supercapacitor applications.
Molecular gel sorbent materials for environmental remediation and wastewater treatment
Authors: Lim Jason Y. C. , Goh Shermin S. , Liow Sing Shy , Xue Kun , Loh Xian Jun
Published: July 2019

Exciting advances in the last decade regarding the applications of molecular gel sorbent materials for removal of pollutants from wastewater are reviewed, with emphasis on molecular design of the materials and practical considerations.
Correction: Bottom-up synthesis of fully sp2 hybridized three-dimensional microporous graphitic frameworks as metal-free catalysts
Authors: Talapaneni Siddulu Naidu , Kim Jaehoon , Je Sang Hyun , Buyukcakir Onur , Oh Jihun , Coskun Ali
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘Bottom-up synthesis of fully sp2 hybridized three-dimensional microporous graphitic frameworks as metal-free catalysts’ by S. N. Talapaneni et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 12080–12085.
The Accuracy of Respiratory Calibration Methods for Estimating Lung Volume During Speech Breathing: A Comparison of Four Methods Across Three Adult Cohorts
Authors: McKenna Victoria S. , Huber Jessica E.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study evaluated the accuracy of respiratory calibration methods for estimating lung volume during speech breathing.

Method

Respiratory kinematic data were acquired via inductance plethysmography in 32 young adults, 22 older adults, and 13 older adults with Parkinson's disease (PD). Raw rib cage (RC) and abdomen (AB) signals (V) were calibrated to liters using 4 correction methods: (a) isovolume maneuvers, (b) a constant 2:1 RC-to-AB ratio, (c) least squares method with RC correction only (LsqRC), and (d) least squares method with both RC and AB corrections (LsqRC/AB). Mean percent error, the absolute difference between estimated and actual lung volumes then normalized to each speaker's vital capacity, was calculated for each method.

Results

For young adults, the LsqRC/AB method significantly reduced mean percent error compared to all other methods. Although LsqRC/AB also resulted in smaller errors for older adults and adults with PD, LsqRC/AB and LsqRC were not significantly different from one another in these groups.

Conclusion

The LsqRC/AB method reduces errors across all cohorts, but older adults and adults with PD also have reduced errors when using LsqRC. Further research should investigate both least squares methods across larger age and disease severity ranges.
DC voltage boosting technique in radio frequency wireless power transfer systems utilising high PAPR digital modulations
Authors: Neophytou Kyriakos , Antoniades Marco A.
Published: July 2019

This work investigates the performance of an envelope detector under high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) waveform excitations. First, the use of multi‐stage rectifiers is investigated in wireless power transfer systems, as a method to increase the DC output voltage. It is shown that at low input powers, a large number of stages can reduce the efficiency dramatically. Then, high PAPR waveforms are presented as an alternative method to multi‐stage rectifiers that can increase the DC output voltage without decreasing the efficiency at low input powers. Simulations and experimental measurements with different multi‐tone waveforms and modulation schemes are shown. The results demonstrate that the PAPR and complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDF) of a waveform significantly influence the RF‐to‐DC conversion. Using a 5‐tone input waveform with −10 dBm power and a 100 kΩ load, the DC output voltage was increased by 32.3%, while using a 256 QAM modulation the output voltage was increased by 12.6%. The results show similar behaviour to that of multi‐stage topologies but without decreased efficiencies at low input powers. These results suggest that the use of high PAPR waveforms can decrease the required number of rectifier stages, and hence increase the rectifier efficiency at extremely low input powers.
STEPAR: an automatic code to infer stellar atmospheric parameters
Authors: Tabernero H. M. , Marfil E. , Montes D. , González Hernández J. I.
Published: July 2019

Context. STEPAR is an automatic code written in Python 3.X designed to compute the stellar atmospheric parameters Teff, log g, [Fe/H], and ξ of FGK-type stars by means of the equivalent width (EW) method. This code has already been extensively tested in different spectroscopic studies of FGK-type stars with several spectrographs and against thousands of Gaia-ESO Survey UVES U580 spectra of late-type, low-mass stars as one of its 13 pipelines.

Aims. We describe the code that we tested against a library of well characterised Gaia benchmark stars. We also release the code to the community and provide the link for download.

Methods. We carried out the required EW determination of Fe I and Fe II spectral lines using the automatic tool TAME. STEPAR implements a grid of MARCS model atmospheres and the MOOG radiative transfer code to compute stellar atmospheric parameters by means of a Downhill Simplex minimisation algorithm.

Results. We show the results of the benchmark star test and also discuss the limitations of the EW method, and hence the code. In addition, we find a small internal scatter for the benchmark stars of 9 ± 32 K in Teff, 0.00 ± 0.07 dex in log g, and 0.00 ± 0.03 dex in [Fe/H]. Finally, we advise against using STEPAR on double-lined spectroscopic binaries or spectra with R <  30 000, S/N <  20, or v sin i >  15 km s−1, and on stars later than K4 or earlier than F6.
Fonctionnement limite et sexualité à l’adolescence : le complexe traumatique
Authors: Loisel Yoann
Published: July 2019

La formalisation du complexe traumatique rend compte, pour le soin à l’adolescence, de la nécessité d’un cadre institutionnel qui puisse recevoir la famille et prescrire des activités thérapeutiques. Parmi celles-ci, la médiation corporelle du type massage est la plus indiquée. En effet, le complexe traumatique indique que, dans la sémiologie limite, le psychotraumatisme toujours « déjà là » correspond à un défaut dans l’ordre des premiers contenants de pensée entre représentation et excitation. La thérapie corporelle contient au plus juste niveau ce manque et ce débordement d’excitation. Par là, elle modère le traumatisme de l’adolescence, surtout elle soutient une maturation psycho-sexuelle plus harmonieuse c’est-à-dire plus intégrable par le patient.
Sexualités adolescentes
Authors: Corcos Maurice
Published: July 2019

L’auteur souligne les apports vitaux de la sexualité à l’adolescence, rappelle les dangers de sa répression comme le risque de ses excès, de faire verser le sujet dans l’enfermement pervers et la destructivité plutôt que de favoriser sa créativité personnelle dans le jeu.
Big Imaging Data: Klinische Bildanalyse mit Radiomics und Deep Learning
Authors: Demircioglu Aydin , Koitka Sven , Nensa Felix
Published: July 2019

Radiomics ist eine Methode der medizinischen Bildanalyse, bei der quantitative Merkmale aus Bilddaten extrahiert und mittels Machine Learning zu prädiktiven Modellen weiterverarbeitet werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die technischen Grundlagen von Radiomics und mögliche klinische Anwendungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung nuklearmedizinischer Daten zu erläutern. Dabei wird zunächst die klassische Radiomics-Methode besprochen, welche auf einer exakten Segmentierung der zu analysierenden Pathologie beruht und bei der die Features manuell definiert werden müssen. Anschließend wird auf das noch wenig verbreitete, allerdings vielversprechende Deep Learning basierte Radiomics eingegangen, dessen Vorteile darin liegen, dass ausschließlich datengetrieben gearbeitet wird und daher weder exakte Segmentierungen noch manuelle Definitionen der Features benötigt werden. Abschließend werden einige Anwendungen von Radiomics besprochen, die zukünftig im klinischen Alltag eine Rolle spielen könnten.
Künstliche Intelligenz zur Detektion, Quantifizierung und Charakterisierung des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms in der PSMA-PET/CT – Wo stehen wir?
Authors: Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Rominger Axel , Shi Kuangyu
Published: July 2019

Das Prostatakarzinom (PCa) ist der weltweit häufigste maligne Tumor bei Männern. Seit ihrer klinischen Einführung in 2011 hat sich sowohl die PET/CT als auch die Radioligandentherapie mit PSMA-Liganden zur Diagnostik bzw. Therapie des PCa weltweit rasch ausgebreitet. Obwohl die PSMA-PET/CT als ein signifikanter Durchbruch in der Diagnostik des PCa gilt, stellt die Evaluation und Kontrolle aller Tumorherde inklusive ihrer Volumina und Charakteristika bei fortgeschrittener, multimetastatischer PCa nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung dar. Diese gilt es zu bewältigen, um beispielsweise eine Optimierung der Endoradiotherapie mit PSMA-Liganden zu erreichen. In diesem Kontext könnte die künstliche Intelligenz, die in den letzten Jahren signifikante Fortschritte erzielt hat, in der nahen Zukunft eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die Artificial Intelligence (AI) hat bereits demonstriert, dass sie den menschlichen Fähigkeiten zur Datenverarbeitung überlegen sein kann und bietet damit großes Potential zur Verbesserung der Detektion, Quantifizierung und Charakterisierung von PCa-Herden in der PSMA-PET/CT. Die hier vorliegende Schrift befasst sich mit den aktuellen Entwicklungen der künstlichen Intelligenz für den Einsatz in der PSMA-PET/CT und den sich daraus bietenden Möglichkeiten.
Combined versus single use 20 G fine-needle biopsy and 25 G fine-needle aspiration for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling of solid gastrointestinal lesions
Authors: van Riet Priscilla A. , Giorgio Arcidiacono Paolo , Petrone Mariachiara , Quoc Nguyen Nam , Kitano Masayuki , Chang Kenneth , Larghi Alberto , Iglesias-Garcia Julio , Giovannini Marc , van der Merwe Schalk , Santo Erwin , Baldaque-Silva Francisco , Bucobo Juan Carlos , Bruno Marco J. , Aslanian Harry R. , Cahen Djuna L. , Farrell James
Published: July 2019

Background Instead of choosing one endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) needle over the other, some advocate the use of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and fine-needle biopsy (FNB) consecutively. We explored the yield of combined use of 20 G FNB and 25 G FNA needles in patients with a suspicious solid gastrointestinal lesion.

Methods Patients from the ASPRO study who were sampled with both needles during the same procedure were included. The incremental yield of dual sampling compared with the yield of single needle use on the diagnostic accuracy for malignancy was assessed for both dual sampling approaches – FNA followed by FNB, and vice versa.

Results 73 patients were included. There were 39 (53 %) pancreatic lesions, 18 (25 %) submucosal masses, and 16 (22 %) lymph nodes. FNA was used first in 24 patients (33 %) and FNB was used first in 49 (67 %). Generally, FNB was performed after FNA to collect tissue for ancillary testing (75 %), whereas FNA was used after FNB to allow for on-site pathological assessment (76 %). Diagnostic accuracy for malignancy of single needle use increased from 78 % to 92 % with dual sampling (P = 0.002). FNA followed by FNB improved the diagnostic accuracy for malignancy (P = 0.03), whereas FNB followed by FNA did not (P = 0.13).

Conclusion Dual sampling only improved diagnostic accuracy when 25 G FNA was followed by 20 G FNB and not vice versa. As the diagnostic benefit of the 20 G FNB over the 25 G FNA needle has recently been proven, sampling with the FNB needle seems a logical first choice.
Novel Approach to Repairing a Traumatic Aortic Arch Pseudoaneurysm Following a Fall
Authors: Hussain Azhar , Youssefi Pouya , Soppa Gopal , Jahangiri Marjan
Published: July 2019

Traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the aortic arch are often treated with surgical repair regardless of the lesion size or age. The authors report a simple, less invasive surgical repair in a patient who sustained blunt aortic injury following a fall.
18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography to Guide Aortic Arch Replacement in Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Pfister Raymond , Messe Maria , Niclauss Lars , Kirsch Matthias , Haller Claude , Delay Dominique
Published: July 2019

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare progressive autoimmune disease. The cardiovascular system is rarely involved. The authors report the case of a young woman with RP aortic arch aneurysm and symptomatic cerebral vessels stenosis. A positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET–CT) indicated areas with activity and guided the surgery. Aortic arch with proximal vessels was successfully replaced. The PET–CT may be useful to assess the risks and determine healthy zones for potential anastomotic sites.