bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pap Smear Collection and Preparation: Key Points
Authors: Kamal Meherbano
Published: March 2022

Cytology is the science of study of cells. It is derived from the Greek word “cytos” which means cells. The cells of the cervicovaginal epithelium are continuously evolving. The mature cells reach the surface and are then exfoliated. Initially, these exfoliated cells were collected from the posterior fornix, which showed cells from endocervix, ectocervix, and the vaginal epithelium. Hence, it was known as the exfoliative vaginal cytology. But now, the cells are taken directly by scraping the ecto and the endocervix. A variety of sampling devices are available in the market. The basic aim is to augment sampling of the complete transformation zone (TZ) as well as the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) and cause least possible trauma to the cervical and endocervical epithelium during its use. The SCJ is of crucial significance for cervical cancer pathogenesis. Most of the precancerous changes take place within the TZ and at the SCJ. Hence, the collection of cells from this area is of utmost importance. The reliability of cervical cytology for the detection of precancerous lesions also strongly depends on immediate wet fixation of the smear. Therefore, the gynecologists or the paramedics who perform the conventional Pap smears must not only be trained in the art of cell collection and smearing of the material onto the glass slides but also learn immediate wet fixation of the cervical cells. Liquid-based preparations have made all these steps relatively easy for them as the design of the Cervex brush is such that it mostly ensures the sampling of the complete TZ and the SCJ. Pre-fixation of cells occurs in the vial containing a weak fixative and the transfer of cells onto the glass slide is standardized by the automated stations designed for this purpose. This chapter gives an in depth description of the prerequisites and precautions while collecting and preparing a Pap smear with different devices, especially for settings where conventional smears are still the norm. Instructions for women undergoing Pap smear and the medical personnel who conduct this test are also highlighted.
Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Five Traditionally Valuable Herbal Plants: A Review
Authors: Jancy Mary E. , Inbathamizh L.
Published: March 2022

Herbal plants are used by traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of various diseases. The present review summarizes information about the phytochemistry, biological properties, traditional and medicinal uses of five herbal plants: Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian Borage), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil), Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) and Acalypha indica (Indian Acalypha). The therapeutic uses of plants are considered inexpensive and efficient due to their ease of availability and wide range of biological activities. These herbs are used in medicine for the treatment of various disorders such as asthma, flu, eczema and cardiovascular disorders. They possess medicinal properties and are pharmacologically beneficial through their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, analgesic, antimalarial, antibiofilm, antidiuretic, wound healing activity, skincare, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic activities. This is due to the presence of various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, tannins and steroids which have been identified through various spectroscopic methods. The different parts of these herbs have been used to prepare medicines. Due to the presence of various important phytochemicals, they are used in food, nutrition and medicine without side effects. These further find applications in drug discovery, novel drug development, nanodiagnostics and nanotherapy.
A brief review on tuberculosis and recent findings in isolation of anti-tuberculosis compounds from endophytic fungi
Authors: Settu Sugashini , Arunachalam Sathiavelu
Published: March 2022

Natural products continue to stay as a significant reservoir for discovering potentially novel drug lead compounds, in which endophytic fungi have a wide range of interest as an abundant source for bioactive products. TB is considered a controlled disease until 1980, but this strategy has changed due to multidrugresistant and HIV pestilence, hence TB has turned into one of the leading public health issues of the 21st century. Antibacterial agents isolated from natural products have several advantages like lesser side effects, longer history of usage by patients and reduction in cost. Microbes isolated from the plant can produce new secondary compounds with a wider range of application in medicinal fields. Universally, plants continue to be a rich source for producing novel bioactive metabolites which include anti-tuberculosis agents. The study reports that out of 11 tuberculosis drugs, 7 of them are isolated from microorganisms.
Platelet-rich Plasma Extract promoting Migration of Mouse Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Hoang Lam Minh , Tuyet Le Thi Vi , Ha Tran Le Bao
Published: March 2022

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a rich source of plateletderived growth factors such as PDGF, TGF and VEGF, making it a potential material in tissue regeneration, especially in regenerative medicine. Due to the limitation of ethical issues for direct research on humans, this study aimed to collect PRP from peripheral blood of the mouse and evaluate its features as platelet concentration, the structure of activated PRP gel, in vitro cytotoxicity and biological characteristics through migration with mouse bone marrow cells. The results showed that the platelet concentration of PRP was five times higher than that in whole blood and PRP has a dense fibrin network after activating by CaCl2 after 10 minutes. PRP is not only safe for cells but also supports bone marrow cells to migrate and close the gap. With these results, PRP can be seen as a material with a considerable potential for wound healing, especially regenerative medicine.
Morphogenetic and photosynthetic pigments alteration of Black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] influenced by gamma irradiation
Authors: Yasmin K. , Arulbalachandran D.
Published: March 2022

The present investigation was conducted to determine the gamma irradiation effect on growth characteristics and photosynthetic pigments in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) variety VBN-4. Various doses of gamma rays were tested to induce mutation in black gram seeds at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120kR. Gamma radiation (γ) induced morphological changes such as plant height, stem and root length. Fresh and dry weight was decreased with increased doses compared to control. While studying the photosynthetic pigments, the chlorophyll a and b were decreased. However, carotenoid contents were increased at an increasing dose of gamma-ray treatment compared to control. Fluorescence spectroscopical(F685) studies revealed that reduction of chlorophyll (Chl) contents and increased peak intensity were obtained due to chlorophyll damage which is directly correlated with increasing doses of gamma radiation. On the other hand, the photosynthetic damage by gamma radiation was phenotypically expressed as yellowish leaf coloration at 60kR and light green was observed at higher doses (100 kR). The chlorophyll-associated protein profile by SDS-PAGE showed polymorphic band pattern in higher doses.The present results confirm that the inhibitory effects of gamma irradiation on plant growth and photosynthetic pigment damage depend on the exposure of gamma rays. Hence, the present investigation helps understand the gamma irradiation effects on morphological and photosynthetic damage in blackgram.
CALIBRATION GAS PLANT «UPSG-5000M»
Authors: Остапенко М.С. , Попова М.А.
Published: March 2022

В статье дано описание основных типов установок для поверки приборов динамического контроля жидкостей, газов и их смесей. Представлена разработанная на предприятии поверочная газовая установка «УПСГ–5000М» и приведены виды средств измерений поверяемых на данной установке.

The article describes the main types of installations for checking instruments for the dynamic control of liquids, gases and their mixtures. The calibration gas plant «UPSG-5000M» developed at the enterprise and some types of measuring instruments for attorneys at this plant are presented.
PROSPECTS OF USING WILD TYPES OF GENUS NICOTIANA IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN
Authors: Баранова Е.Г. , Сучков В.И.
Published: March 2022

Проведён мониторинг коллекции генетических ресурсов диких видов рода Никоциана по комплексу селекционно-ценных декоративных признаков с целью поддержания и сохранения в жизнедеятельном состоянии зародышевой плазмы и выделения наиболее оригинальных видов, пригодных для ландшафтного и садового дизайна.

The collection of genetic resources of wild species of the genus Nicotiana has been monitored for a set of selective-valuable decorative features in order to maintain and preserve germplasm in the vital state and to identify the most original species suitable for landscape and garden design.
QUALITY CONTROL OF CIGARETTES. INNOVATIVE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE OF THE CYARETTE TIGHTENING AND THE PRESSURE DROP FILTRATION
Authors: Самойленко Н.П. , Кaндaшкинa И.Г. , Белинская Н.Г. , Мирных Л.А.
Published: March 2022

Технологические показатели сопротивление затяжке и перепад давления фильтрпалочек имеют большое значение для изготовления табачной продукции с заданными параметрами качества и безопас­ности. С целью актуализации и соответствия международным требованиям при проведении испытаний табачной продукции разрабатывается межгосударственный стандарт по версии ISO 6565:2015 для применения испытательными лабораториями при подготовке сигарет для аналитических определений при машинном прокуривании.

Technological parameters resistance to tightening and pressure drop of the filter rods are of great importance for the production of tobacco products with specified quality and safety parameters. In order to update and comply with international requirements for testing of tobacco products, an interstate standard is developed according to ISO 6565: 2015 for use by testing laboratories in the preparation of cigarettes for analytical determinations in machine smoking.
NICOTIANA TABACUM SEEDS SOURCE FOR GETTING OIL BY PRESSING
Authors: Бубнов Е.А. , Ларькина Н.И.
Published: March 2022

Виды рода Nicotiana имеют широкие возможности по применению в народном хозяйстве. Культурный табак Nicotiana tabacum Lin. используется как сырье для изготовления пищевых функциональных продуктов. Это растение является источником многих компонентов для разнообразной продукции. В частности, из семян табака получают такой ценный пищевой продукт как табачное масло, содержание которого в семени составляет от 30 до 50 %. Для получения масла из семян табака путем прямого отжима разработаны специализированные лабораторные установки.

Spices of Nicotiana family have wide range of opportunities for utilizing in national economy. Cultivated tobacco – Nicotiana tabacum Lin. is utilized for manufacturing food functional products. This plant is the source of many compounds for different products. For example tobacco seeds can be utilized for getting valuable food product – tobacco oil, which content in seed is from 30 to 50 %. Special laboratory equipment was elaborated for getting oil from tobacco seeds by direct pressing.
RESEARCH OF THE CAPACITY OF THE LENA RIVER STREAM BED BY THE GPR METHOD
Authors: Фёдоров М.П. , Федорова Л.Л. , Омельяненко А.В.
Published: March 2022

В данной статье представлены результаты применения метода георадиолокации при исследовании пропускной способности р. Лена в створе гидропоста Табага. Было проведено два цикла исследования: декадные измерения формирования ледяного покрова и определение глубины и рельефа русла. Нами установлено уменьшение пропускной способности русла за счет выявленного песчанного наноса, который может стать потенциальным препятствием для продвижения ледохода или очагом формирования весеннего ледового затора.

This article provides the results of the GPR method application in studying the capacity of the stream bed of the Lena River in the cross section of the Tabaga gauging station. We performed two research cycles: decade measurements of the ice cover formation and determination of the depth and profile of the stream bed. As a result, we found that the stream bed capacity has reduced due to detected sand deposits, which can potentially hinder ice motion or cause ice clogging.
METHODOLOGY OF DESIGN AND THE CHOICE OF ALTERNATIVES OF DEVELOPMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF DIFFICULT REGIONAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Большаков Б.Е. , Шамаева Е.Ф.
Published: March 2022

В статье представлены система параметров и базовые индикаторы устойчивого развития региона, построенные на основе естественнонаучных измерителей экогеодинамики региона и закона сохранения мощности. На основе естественнонаучных измерителей представлена формализованная модель целеполагания устойчивого развития сложных региональных систем. В качестве примера приведены результаты сценарного моделирования и прогнозы развития на примере Владимирской обла­сти, проиллюстрирована методика оценки параметрической эффективности и обоснования выбора альтернатив развития. Полученные результаты представляют собой научно-методическое обеспечение информационно-аналитической системы проектирования и управления сложных региональных систем.

The system of parameters and basic indicators of sustainable development of the region constructed on the basis of natural-science measuring instruments of ecogeodynamics of the region and conservation law of power are presented in article. On the basis of natural-science measuring instruments the formalized model of goal-setting of sustainable development of difficult regional systems is presented. Results of scenario modeling and forecasts of development on the example of the Vladimir region are given as an example, the technique of assessment of parametrical efficiency and justification of the choice of alternatives of development is illustrated. The received results represent scientific and methodical providing information and analytical system of design and management of difficult regional systems.
SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES AND STUDY OF THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Марнаутов Н.А. , Татиколов А.С. , Комиссарова Л.Х. , Эскерова Ю.А. , Кузнецов А.А.
Published: March 2022

Методом химического соосаждения солей железа, в инертной атмосфере, были синтезированы наночастицы магнетита, со средними диаметрами 7,23±2,72 нм, 8,16±2,92 нм  и 9,21±3,71 нм. Реакцию проводили при  температурах 40 оС, 60 оС и 80 оС, намагниченность насыщения полученных образцов составила: 40,3±0,1 emu/g, 45,4±0,2 emu/g и 50,2±0,1 emu/g, соответственно. Структура и химический состав полученных наночастиц были исследованы методами просвечивающей электронной микроскопии (ПЭМ) и электронной дифракции по области(SAED), измерение магнитных свойств осуществляли с использованием магнетометра типа «весы Фарадея». 

By the method of chemical coprecipitation of iron salts, in an inert atmosphere, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized, with the average diameters of 7.23 ± 2.72 nm, 8.16 ± 2.92 nm and 9.21 ± 3.71 nm. The reaction was carried out at the temperatures of 40 оС, 60 оС and 80 оС, the magnetization of the obtained samples’ saturation was 40.3 ± 0.1 emu / g, 45.4 ± 0.2 emu / g, and 50.2 ± 0.1 emu / g, correspondingly. The structure and the chemical composition of the obtained nanoparticles were investigated by the methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron area diffraction (SAED); the measurement of magnetic properties was carried out using a Faraday Scale magnetometer.
SOME FEATURES OF COMPUTER MODELING FOR 3-RD GENERATION ELECTRO-OPTICAL SYSTEM»
Authors: Торшина И.П. , Якушенков Ю.Г.
Published: March 2022

Излагаются некоторые особенности компьютерного моделирования оптико-электронных си­стем 3-го поколения, основанных на использовании многодиапазонных оптических систем и матричных фотоприемных устройствах.

Some features of computer modeling for 3rd generation electro-optical system based on multi-band optical systems and matrix photodetectors are stated.
NON-REFERENCE EVALUATION OF STROBE EFFECTS ON RASTER IMAGES WITH DOUBLE OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARAMETER OF THE CANNY ALGORITHM
Authors: Аль-Аскари М.А. , Федосин С.А.
Published: March 2022

В рамках статьи рассматривается алгоритм нереференсной (безэталонной) оценки качества полноцветных растровых изображений с артефактами типа строб-эффектов. Предлагается алгоритм определения безразмерных относительных метрик качества изображений с оптимизацией выбора параметра алгоритма Кэнни (Canny) для выделения выпуклой оболочки контура, охватывающего основную часть изображения.

The article discusses the algorithm of non-reference (referenceless) quality assessment of full-color raster images with strobe effects artifacts. An algorithm is proposed for determining dimensionless relative image quality metrics with an optimization of the choice of the Canny algorithm parameter to highlight the convex hull of a contour that covers the main part of the image.
GREY BUNTING OCYRIS VARIABILIS ON KAMCHATKA
Authors: Герасимов Ю.Н. , Бухалова Р.В.
Published: March 2022

Обобщены результаты исследований распространения, численности и биологии размножения сизой овсянки на Камчатке в 1990–2018 гг. Приводятся данные по плотности населения, срокам миграции и размножения, местам расположения, материале и размерам гнезд, размерам яиц. 

Study of distribution, number and breeding biology of Grey Bunting on Kamchatka was carried out in 1990–2018. Distribution, terms of migrations and nesting, breeding density, loca-tion of nests, nests materials, and size of eggs are submitted.
ADAPTATION APPROACH TO THE PROCESSES OF INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF TECHNOGENICALL MINERAL RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Шадрунова И.В. , Горлова О.Е. , Чекушина Т.В. , Воробьев К.А.
Published: March 2022

Авторами предложены теоретические и экспериментальные исследования по развитию научных основ адаптации методов обогащения и разработки ресурсосберегающих технологий переработки вторичного металлсодержащего сырья на горных предприятиях. Обоснованы технологические схемы переработки труднообогатимого некондиционного сырья техногенного происхождения с использованием адаптированных подготовительных процессов для расширение минерально-сырьевой базы без нарушения недр и земель, производства дополнительной продукции и строительных материалов, решения экологических проблем, роста товарного и рыночного потенциалов региона.

In this article, the authors proposed theoretical and experimental studies on the development of the scientific basis for the adaptation of enrichment methods and the development of resource-saving technologies for the processing of secondary metal-containing raw materials at mining enterprises. The technological schemes for processing of hardly-consuming, non-conforming raw materials of technogenic origin are substantiated using adapted preparatory processes for expanding the mineral resource base without disturbing the subsurface and land, producing additional products and building materials, solving environmental problems, and increasing the commodity and market potentials of the region.
THE REGENERATION POTENTIAL OF TWO CULTIVARS OF SYRINGA L. GENUS STEMMING FROM THE SHOOTS LIGNIFICATION
Authors: Набиева А.Ю. , Новикова Т.И. , Полубоярова Т.В.
Published: March 2022

Значимым фактором, способствующим реализации морфогенного потенциала пазушных почек при микроразмножении двух сортов сирени, является возраст маточных растений. Предположительно отсутствие лигнифицированных волокон склеренхимы у годичных побегов растений сирени 2-летнего возраста приводило к реювенилизации их тканей.

The important consideration, which promoted the morphogenic potential of axillary buds during micropropagation of two Syringa cultivars was the age of the stock plants. The reuvenilization of annual shoots tissues could be attributed to the lack of the sclerenchyma lignified fibres within the two-year shoots of Syringa plants.
MAIN DEVELOPMENT AREAS FOR THE UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE SYSTEM OPERATED BY GAZPROM JSC IN EUROPE
Authors: Харчук В.В.
Published: March 2022

Проведен анализ и обобщение современных фондовых и интернет-источников, содержащих требования к геологическим объектам для создания на их базе ПХГ, представлена схема расположения действующих и перспективных хранилищ ОАО «Газпром» на территории Европы и стран бывшего СССР, дана краткая характеристика мировых мощностей подземных хранилищ газа: суммарной активной емкости и их распределение в странах Европейского Союза. Кроме того, приведены данные о степени заполнения европейских газохранилищ, максимальной мощности суточного отбора газа из них, динамике роста суточной производительности некоторых ПХГ. Обозначены приоритетные проекты, которые необходимо реализовать ОАО «Газпром» для успешного развития и функционирования системы ПГХ в Европе.

The contemporary funds and Internet-based sources containing the requirements for geological objects to be used as a basis for UGS have been analyzed and generalized, and the layout diagram of existing and planned Gazprom JSC storage facilities located within Europe and the former USSR countries is presented. A brief characteristics of capacities of underground gas storage facilities available in the world is given, with their total working capacity and distribution within the European Union countries noted. Moreover, the data on the fi lling degree of the European gas storage facilities, their maximum daily gas withdrawal rate, and the daily performance growth dynamics are cited for some UGS. Priority projects to be implemented by Gazprom JSC in order to ensure successful development and functioning of the UGS system in Europe are outlined.
PRESENCE OF BIOMINERALIZATION IN THE FE-MN NODULES FROM THE NE CLARION-CLIPPERTON FRACTURE ZONE, PACIFIC OCEAN
Authors: Шульга Н.А. , Рейхард Л.Е.
Published: March 2022

В работе представлены результаты изучения Fe-Mn конкреций восточной части рудной провинции Кларион-Клиппертон, Тихий океан. По данным сканирующей электронной микроскопии показаны проявления и взаимосвязь двух типов биоминерализации (контролируемой и индуцируемой). В составе органического вещества конкреций обнаружена значительная доля биомаркеров бактериального происхождения.

The paper presents the results of a study of Fe-Mn nodules in the eastern part of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, Pacific Ocean. According to the data of scanning electron microscopy two types of biomineralization (controlled and induced) were observed. Biomarkers of bacterial origin were found in the composition of the nodules organic matter.
COMPARISON OF INCIDENCE OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE POPULATION WITH ELEMENT STRUCTURE OF SALT DEPOSITS OF DRINKING WATERS
Authors: Бартанова С.В. , Тубанов Ц.А.
Published: March 2022

В статье проанализирована связь онкопатологии и содержания некоторых токсичных элементов, содержащихся в солевых отложениях питьевых вод. Использованы медико-статистические данные по Республике Бурятия по злокачественным новообразованиям и результаты исследования состава солевых отложений питьевых вод.

In article communication of an oncopathology and the maintenance of some toxic elements which are contained in salt deposits of drinking waters is analysed. Medico-statistical data on the Republic of Buryatia on malignant new growths and results of a research of structure of salt deposits of drinking waters are used.
ПРОБЛЕМА ЕДИНОГО ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОДХОДА К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ ДУХОВНО-НРАВСТВЕННЫХ ОРИЕНТИРОВ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Authors: Сурдуляк-Серебренников А.В. , Сурдуляк-Серебренникова Г.В. , Сочилина Д.С. , Анохин П.А.
Published: March 2022

Анализируются психолого-педагогические подходы к духовно-нравственному развитию школьников в системе образования. Обосновывается необходимость разработки единого подхода к определению понятия «духовно-нравственные ценности» в строгом соответствии с таким критерием, как универсальность, общечеловеческий характер ценностей высшего порядка. Духовно-нравственныеценности, являющиеся фундаментальным ядром личности, проявляются через экзистенциальные навыки, лежащие в основе новой модели компетенций.
Constituents and Obstacles of Zero Based Budgeting in Libyan Municipalities: A Study on Municipalities in East Libya: مقومات ومعوقات تطبيق الأساس الصفري لإعداد الموازنات التقديرية في البلديات في ليبيا: دراسة ميدانية على البلديات الواقعة شرق ليبيا
Authors: Ahmad E.M. Mohamed, Salam S. Saeed, Ahmad L. Taher, Mohamed Ahmad E.M. Mohamed, Salam S. Saeed, Ahmad L. Taher, Mohamed
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the constituents and obstacles of Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) in Libyan Municipalities. The study is based on an analytical descriptive approach, and the sample consists of (municipal council members, higher management, heads of departments, and personnel of the department of finance) in municipalities based in East Libya. Data was collected through distributing 60 questionnaires; out of which, 90% (54 questionnaires) were collected back. In order to test the hypotheses, the study employs One Sample T-testand One Way ANOVA test. The results of T-test reveal the existence of an adequate organizational structure and managerial environment at high level. However, sufficient human resources and effective accounting information system are partially available. The results also provide evidence of a number of obstacles of ZBB application. The results of ANOVA analysis suggest that there are no variances in the findings attributed to sample characteristics.
Abuse of power in public office: سوء استخدام السلطة في الوظيفة العامة
Authors: Ali Muhammad Yamani, Aladdin Mohamed Sayed Ali Muhammad Yamani, Aladdin Mohamed Sayed
Published: March 2022

This study aimed at raise awareness of the concept of abuse of power, and the role of judicial oversight over it, statement of judicial guarantees for individuals against abuse of power, explanation of the importance of judicial decisions fulfilling their pillars, clarify penalties and sanctions that might fall on the perpetrator of abuse of power, and statement of the implications of abuse of power. In order for this study to achieve its objectives, the inductive method was used, which depends on the extrapolation of the study problem through the study literature, books and literature in this field in proportion to this type of studies. Among the most important results of the study: The defect of abuse of power can be defined as: (the abuse of power committed in a legal framework, but with the aim of reaching illegal goals), there is a great convergence in the two legislative texts that were mentioned in the Saudi system and the Egyptian State Council Law, rather, it can be said that there is an almost identicalness between the two texts, as if the Saudi regulator had quoted the text of the system from the Egyptian law, there is a controversy in the relationship between the defect of abuse of power and the defect of lack of competence, and the necessity of applying Islamic Sharia in the Saudi system, and this results in achieving the principle of legitimacy in its best form, as the relationship between judicial oversight and the principle of legitimacy depends on an independent judiciary. The study concluded with a set of recommendations and procedures to minimize abuse-of-power events as follows. Employees shall be trained upon granting them the powers to issue decisions. Litigation procedures shall be simplified. The competent court shall make rulings independently (to be of the public order). Punishment shall be applied so that the infarction is decisively proven and proportionate to the offense committed.
N2O selectivity in industrial NH3 oxidation on Pt-gauze is determined by interaction of local flow and surface chemistry: A simulation study using mechanistic kinetics
Authors: Haas Michael , Nien Teng-Wang , Fadic Anton , Mmbaga Joe P. , Klingenberger Markus , Born Dirk , Etzold Bastian J. M. , Hayes Robert , Votsmeier Martin
Published: March 2022

Despite significant effort spent on the investigation of catalytic ammonia oxidation at the molecular scale, there is surprisingly little work that investigates the behavior of the established reaction mechanisms under industrial conditions in the presence of mass transfer limitations. This paper presents reactive flow simulations of ammonia oxidation on platinum gauzes under industrial operating conditions, combining a mechanistic description of the surface chemistry with the computation of the flow-, temperature and concentration fields around the platinum wires. Overall, the simulations yield temperature- and concentration fields, as well as integral N2O selectivity in line with industrial experience and (limited available) experimental data. In particular, the simulations predict the experimentally observed increase of the integral N2O selectivity with increasing flow velocity, decreasing wire diameter and wire-to-wire distance, and increased surface area due to surface reconstruction. The main result of the paper is that the local interaction of flow and surface chemistry leads to a variation in the local N2O selectivity across the gauze:The N2O and N2 selectivity is higher on the front side of a wire than on the rear side. A reduced N2O selectivity is observed where one wire is shadowed by another wire. Increased N2O selectivity is observed at stagnation points where upstream wires direct the flow so that it hits a downstream wire with higher velocity. These examples show that - through the flow directing effect of the upstream wires- the selectivity on an individual wire is influenced by the presence of other wires. This observation provides a mechanistic explanation for the industrial observation that optimized gauze geometries can lead to reduced N2O formation.
Impact of Remdesivir Incorporation Along the Primer Strand on SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Authors: Naseem-Khan Sehr , Berger Madison B. , Leddin Emmett M. , Maghsoud Yazdan , Cisneros G. Andrés
Published: March 2022

Remdesivir was the first antiviral drug that received emergency use authorization from the United States Food and Drug Administration and is now formally approved to treat COVID-19. Remdesivir is a nucleotide analogue that targets the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The solution of multiple RdRp structures has been one of the main axes of research in the race against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Several hypotheses of the mechanism of inhibition of RdRp by remdesivir have been proposed, although open questions remain. This work uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the impact of remdesivir and two analogues as incoming nucleotides, and of up to four incorporations of remdesivir along the primer strand on RdRp. The simulation results suggest that the overall structure and dynamical behavior of RdRp is destabilized by remdesivir and the two analogues in the incoming position. The incorporation of remdesivir along the primer strand im- pacts specific non-bonded interactions between the nascent RNA and the polymerase subunit, as well as overall dynamical networks on RdRp. The strongest impact on the structure and dynamics are observed after three incorporations, when remdesivir is located at position -A3, in agreement with previously reported experimental and computational results. Our results provide atomic-level detail on the role played by remdesivir on the disruption of RNA synthesis by RdRp, and the main drivers of these disruptions.
Time Evolution of Entanglement of Electrons and Nuclei and Partial Traces in Ultrafast Photochemistry
Authors: Blavier Martin , Levine Raphael D. , Remacle Francoise
Published: March 2022

Broad in energy optical pulses induce ultrafast molecular dynamics where nuclear degrees of freedom are entangled with electronic ones. We discuss a matrix representation of wave functions of such entangled systems. Singular Value Decomposition, (SVD) of this matrix provides a representation as a sum of separable terms. Their weights can be arranged in decreasing order. The representation provided by the SVD is equivalent to a Schmidt decomposition. If there is only one term or if one term is already a good approximation, the system is not entangled. The SVD also provides either an exact or a few term approximation for the partial traces. A simple example, the dynamics of LiH upon ultrafast excitation to several non-adiabatically coupled electronic states is provided. The major contribution to the entanglement is created during the exit from the Franck Condon region. An additional contribution is the entanglement due to the nuclear motion induced non-adiabatic transitions.
Unravelling free volume in branched-cation ionic liquids based on silicon
Authors: Bakis Eduards , Goloviznina Kateryna , Vaz Inês , Sloboda Diana , Valkovska Valda , Klimenkovs Igors , Padua Agilio , Costa Gomes Margarida , Hazens Daniels
Published: March 2022

We have explored the branching of ionic liquid cation sidechains utilizing silicon as the backbone and found this structural feature to lead to fluids of remarkably low density and viscosity. The relatively low liquid densities suggest a large free volume in these liquids. Argon solubility was measured using a precise saturation method to probe the relative free volumes. We found that argon molar solubilities were slightly higher in ionic liquids with alkylsilane and siloxane groups within the cation, compared to carbon-based branched groups. The anion size, however, showed by far the dominant effect on argon solubility. Thermodynamic solvation parameters were derived from the solubility data and the argon solvation environment was modelled utilizing the polarizable CL&Pol force field. A semiquantitative analysis agrees with trends established from the experimental data. The results of this investigation demonstrate design principles for targeted ionic liquids when optimisation for the free volume is required, and demonstrate the utility of argon as a simple, noninteracting probe. As more ionic liquids find their way into industrial processes of scale, these findings are important for their utilisation in the capture of any gaseous solute, gas separation, or in processes involving the transformation of gases or small molecules.
Cycling Performance and Mechanistic Insights of Ferricyanide Electrolytes in Alkaline Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Hu Maowei , Wang Abigail , Liu Tianbiao
Published: March 2022

Ferrocyanide such as K4[Fe(CN)6] is one of the most popular cathode electrolyte materials in redox flow batteries. However, its chemical stability in alkaline redox flow batteries has been debated. Mechanistic understandings at the molecular level are necessary to elucidate the cycling stability of the K4[Fe(CN)6] electrolyte and guide its proper use in flow batteries for energy storage. Herein, we presented a suite of battery tests and spectroscopic studies to understand the chemical stability of K4[Fe(CN)6] and its charged state, K3[Fe(CN)6], at a variety of conditions. It was found that the cycling stability of an unbalanced K4[Fe(CN)6]/K3[Fe(CN)6] half-cell is limited by the stability of K3[Fe(CN)6]. In a strong alkaline solution (pH 14), K3[Fe(CN)6] undergoes a CN-/OH- exchange reaction, ultimately leading to Fe(OH)3 precipitate. In the meanwhile, the dissociated CN- ligand can chemically reduce K3[Fe(CN)6] to K4[Fe(CN)6] and is converted to cyanate (OCN-). The resulting charge imbalance of the K4[Fe(CN)6]/K3[Fe(CN)6] half-cell is primarily responsible for the observed rapid capacity decay at pH 14.
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of alkoxy ring-substituted 2-methoxyethyl phenylcyanoacrylates
Authors: Lopez Christian , Martinez Monica A. , Melendez-Scherer Emma L. , Nunez Alyssa , Ochwat Kyle J. , O’Neil Presley , Papierz Michal P. , Rebolledo Limariz , Spires Alyssa D. , Rocus Sara , Schjerven William , Kharas Gregory B.
Published: March 2022

Novel trisubstituted ethylenes, alkoxy ring-substituted 2-methoxyethyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2CH2CH2OCH3 (where R is 2-methoxy, 3-methoxy, 4-methoxy, 2-ethoxy, 3-ethoxy, 4-ethoxy, 4-propoxy, 4-butoxy, 4-hexyloxy) were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The ethylenes were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-substituted benzaldehydes and 2-methoxyethyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. All the ethylenes were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis.
Open-Source Software & Personal Medical Devices: Interpreting Risk Through an Evaluation of Software Testing
Authors: Dorin Michael , Mortensen Heather , Montenegro Sergio
Published: March 2022

The availability of powerful low-cost hardware and advanced software tools has made open-source medical devices possible. Deciding to use an open-source medical device may require acceptance of some risk. Fully comprehending the risk level is essential since failure of the software or the medical device is dangerous. As many medical applications contain complicated codes, an excellent method for understanding software readiness is to evaluate how much testing has been completed on the software. As a case study, this project evaluates the level of testing performed on software components of the Loop Artificial Pancreas system. Classic methods for evaluating complicated source codes are used to demonstrate how much testing is needed in a project. Our analysis shows that the Loop Artificial Pancreas system (master branch) has been thoroughly tested with most of the faults likely discovered. By using classic software engineering metrics and techniques, it is possible to gauge how completely an open-source medical product has been tested and make an educated decision about the risk associated with using it.
G Suite para la educación en la universidad pública de la Región Cusco del Perú
Authors: Nina-Hanco Hernán
Published: March 2022

Sobre la base de un estudio longitudinal, entre los años 2015 y 2018, el conjunto de aplicaciones de G Suite for Education tiende a incrementar su uso y se consolida como el principal soporte digital de la comunicación interna en la universidad pública de la Región Cusco, del Perú.
Aplicación móvil para gamificar el aprendizaje de zampoña en niños y adolescentes mediante la detección de notas musicales
Authors: Luna Palomino Leonardo Patrick
Published: March 2022

El presente trabajo pretende mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje musical de zampoña en niños y adolescentes mediante la implementación de una aplicación móvil para iOS que incorpore técnicas de gamificación para motivar y enriquecer la experiencia de los alumnos y que reconozca, con alta precisión, las notas emitidas por el instrumento musical. Los resultados de la experimentación demostraron que el sistema cuenta con alta precisión para el reconocimiento de notas musicales (95 %), también un puntaje alto de usabilidad (80/100 según SUS) y una predisposición que indica que el sistema soluciona las deficiencias encontradas en la metodología de aprendizaje tradicional musical.
MIGRATION PROCESSES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SOUTHERN FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors: Krokhicheva Galina , Torlina Darya , Chirva Viktoria
Published: March 2022

The article deals with such a concept as migration. The situation in 2021 is described, the number of migrants, births and deaths in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the Southern Federal District are analyzed. The problems, as well as the advantages and disadvantages arising from the migration of the population are considered. The article reveals the specifics of migration, which plays a special role in the socio-economic life of society and acts as a process that, on the one hand, is very sensitive to changes in society, and on the other hand, is an important factor that has a significant impact on the formation of dynamic and structural parameters of these changes.
Normative Uncertainty without Unjustified Value Comparisons
Authors: Aboodi Ron
Published: March 2022

Jennifer Rose Carr [AJP, 2020] proposes a method to maximize expected value under normative uncertainty without Intertheoretic Value Comparison (IVC). Carr argues that this method avoids IVC because it avoids theories: the agent’s credence is distributed among a normative hypotheses of a particular type, which don’t constitute theories. However, I argue that Carr’s method doesn’t avoid or help to solve what I consider as the deeper problem of IVC, which isn’t specific to comparing theories as such. This threatens the implementability of Carr’s method. Fortunately, I also show how Carr’s method can nevertheless be implemented. I identify a type of normative uncertainty where the deeper problem of IVC is not a necessary obstacle to maximizing expected value: uncertainty that stems from indecisive normative intuitions. In some of the cases that feature such uncertainty, the agent could justifiably construct each normative hypothesis by reference to the same unit of value. This (positive) part of my argument complements not only Carr’s argument, but also some moderate defenses of IVC. The combination of Carr’s paper and mine illuminates the conditions for maximizing expected value under normative uncertainty without unjustified value comparison.
University of Ottawa Healthcare Symposium (UOHS) 2022 Pitch-O-Rama: Undergraduate Elevator Pitch Research Competition
Authors: Buyuktepe Tuba , Feliciano Juliane , Syed Moatter , Yang Tiffany
Published: March 2022

The University of Ottawa Healthcare Symposium (UOHS) is a one-day undergraduate health conference that aims to increase awareness of the interdisciplinary field of health. This conference engages students’ interest in health through seminars, interactive panel discussions, and a research-based elevator pitch competition. UOHS was created twelve years ago by undergraduate students and has grown to become the University of Ottawa’s largest healthcare conference. Every year, UOHS hosts an event called the Pitch-O-Rama, during one of the conference’s seminar blocks. This event is an elevator pitch competition where individuals have the opportunity to present their healthcare-related research to an audience and panel of judges in a clear and engaging way. The goal of the Pitch-O-Rama is to have students communicate and share their scientific research with the community. The written submissions of the top 3 winners are highlighted in this abstract book. More details about UOHS can be found on our website: https://www.uohs-csuo.com/.
Evaluation of antivaccination movement in Turkey: qualitative reports of family physicians
Authors: Özen Feride , Aydın Abdülkadir , Ekerbiçer Hasan , Etçioğlu Erkut , Aydın Muhammet , Köse Elif , Muratdağı Gürkan
Published: March 2022

Background: In Turkey, childhood vaccination rates are decreasing in the context of increasingly visible antivaccination movements. Aims: To evaluate the antivaccination movement based on communication experiences between family physicians and antivaccine parents in Turkey. Methods: We conducted 39 face-to-face in-depth interviews with family physicians in Sakarya Province who had experiences of communicating with antivaccine parents during October–December 2019. With the permission of the participants, audio recording was obtained in all interviews except one; these were transcribed verbatim and checked. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data. Results: The most common concern about vaccination was the possible side-effects, followed by the origin of the vaccines, religious concerns and distrust of vaccines. The physicians said they assumed an inquisitive, informative and anxiety-relieving attitude towards antivaccine parents. They said they were able to persuade most parents to vaccinate their children and that highly educated parents or those whose attitudes and behaviours were strongly influenced by their religious leaders were the hardest to convince. Physicians emphasized the importance of trust in increasing vaccine acceptance and noted the need to educate religious leaders and families to introduce mandatory vaccination policies. Conclusion: Parents had various reasons for refusing childhood vaccinations, however, the family physicians used persuasive methods to convince them to accept the vaccinations. Strengthening the communication and persuasive skills of health care professionals regarding vaccination may help increase acceptance of childhood vaccinations.
Strategic challenges for Russian-Turkish relations An analytical study
Authors: Ali Peshawa Mohammed , Darwesh Abdulrahman Karim
Published: March 2022

Russian-Turkish relations are considered complex bilateral relations, extending over centuries, and having intertwined roots. Overlapping geopolitical regions and determinants that form hotbeds of conflict between the two states, global influences, and national and religious motives, all stand in the way of building normal relations between the two states. Nevertheless, the development of an intellectual structure and political and economic traditions of cooperation between the two states, towards unifying them under a Eurasian umbrella umbrella This remains elusive because of the different premises of each country towards the other.
Self-Reconciliation and Starting a New Life in the Novel Kafka on the Shore by Haruki Murakami
Authors: Ali Sherzad Tawfeq
Published: March 2022

In Kafka on the Shore, Murakami mentions some ideas about how personal lives are reconstructed by long journey in the novel. Rejecting old life and starting new life occur through the field of signs, narrative and memory. Although, personality
reconstruction receipts venue in the internal realm, psychological and the social. The research applies visions from conceptual metaphor, dream, and mirrored stage by (Lacan, 1949;1982).  Interface between the reader's knowledge and the language of a literary text through psychological speaking make reader's cognitive development. This study is an effort to show how the reader can innovate his /her point of view and thoughts. By exposing unfamiliar the everyday experience, knowledge and images, Murakami provides new numerous knowledge and ideas that go against the reader's established knowledge and in result modify reader’s point of view to (things) and human in life.
The Translation Between Competence and Performance
Authors: Rashid Hanan Salih , Kareem Omar Mahmood
Published: March 2022

This study is an attempt to clarify translation between mother tongue and foreign languages; it means the translations between two different languages. The contents consist of (introduction, idiomatic translation, proverbial translation, literary translation, and the terms that untranslatable). In literary translation we choose the poetry for two reason, firstly its main topic of literary translation, secondly its difficult topic translation. This study tries to show the difficulties and obstacles of each of these subjects, because each of them has a set of cultural and social characteristics, and they have a direct and complete relationship with human emotions and feelings. We mean choosing this title is human genitals will be a competence and any languages other than this language will be a performance for it, and also competence and performance will form an important part of all the languages of the world, because the competence is the basis of the creation of language, and performance is the expression of the language, and this caused choosing the subject and mixing with translation.