bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EGFR-mutant NSCLC presenting with stroke and massive systemic embolization as the first manifestation: case report
Authors: Wang Zheng , Miao Jiangyong , Wang Lina , Liu Ying , Ji Hui , Zhang Xiangjian , Cui Lili
Published: June 2021

Background

Presentation with massive systemic embolization as the initial manifestation of occult malignancy is infrequent. The standard management of cancer-related arterial thromboembolism has not yet been established.

Case presentation

We described a case of Trousseau’s syndrome resulting in acute ischemic stroke concomitant with multiple embolizations in the spleen and kidney during oral administration of dabigatran for pulmonary embolism preceding the diagnosis of a malignant tumor. A cancer-related hypercoagulable state was suspected because the patient was admitted to the neurology department due to acute ischemic stroke with three territory infarcts on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the absence of identifiable conventional risk factors and brain vessel narrowing. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation–positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (stage IV) with pleural metastasis. Administration of low-molecular-weight heparin followed by long-term dabigatran under effective cancer therapy comprising gefitinib and subsequent chemotherapy did not cause stroke relapse during the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions

This case suggests that cancer-related hypercoagulability should be considered an important etiology for stroke patients who develop unexplained disseminated acute cerebral infarction without conventional stroke risk factors, especially concomitant with multiple organ embolization. Novel oral anticoagulants may be an alternative therapy for the long-term management of cancer-related arterial thromboembolism under effective cancer therapy.
Novel therapeutic interventions towards improved management of septic arthritis
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Liucai
Published: June 2021

Septic arthritis (SA) represents a medical emergency that needs immediate diagnosis and urgent treatment. Despite aggressive treatment and rapid diagnosis of the causative agent, the mortality and lifelong disability, associated with septic arthritis remain high as close to 11%. Moreover, with the rise in drug resistance, the rates of failure of conventional antibiotic therapy have also increased. Among the etiological agents frequently isolated from cases of septic arthritis, Staphylococcus aureus emerges as a dominating pathogen, and to worsen, the rise in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates in bone and joint infections is worrisome. MRSA associated cases of septic arthritis exhibit higher mortality, longer hospital stay, and higher treatment failure with poorer clinical outcomes as compared to cases caused by the sensitive strain i.e methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA).

In addition to this, equal or even greater damage is imposed by the exacerbated immune response mounted by the patient’s body in a futile attempt to eradicate the bacteria. The antibiotic therapy may not be sufficient enough to control the progression of damage to the joint involved thus, adding to higher mortality and disability rates despite the prompt and timely start of treatment. This situation implies that efforts and focus towards studying/understanding new strategies for improved management of sepsis arthritis is prudent and worth exploring.

The review article aims to give a complete insight into the new therapeutic approaches studied by workers lately in this field. To the best of our knowledge studies highlighting the novel therapeutic strategies against septic arthritis are limited in the literature, although articles on pathogenic mechanism and choice of antibiotics for therapy, current treatment algorithms followed have been discussed by workers in the past. The present study presents and discusses the new alternative approaches, their mechanism of action, proof of concept, and work done so far towards their clinical success. This will surely help to enlighten the researchers with comprehensive knowledge of the new interventions that can be used as an adjunct therapy along with conventional treatment protocol for improved success rates.
The survival rates and risk factors of implants in the early stage: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Yong , Hu Huiting , Zeng Mianyan , Chu Hongxing , Gan Zekun , Duan Jianmin , Rong Mingdeng
Published: June 2021

Background

Few large-sample studies in China have focused on the early survival of dental implants. The present study aimed to report the early survival rates of implants and determine the related influencing factors.

Methods

All patients receiving dental implants at our institution between 2006 and 2017 were included. The endpoint of the study was early survival rates of implants, according to gender, age, maxilla/mandible, dental position, bone augmentation, bone augmentation category, immediate implant, submerged implant category, implant diameter, implant length, implant torque, and other related factors. Initially, SPSS22.0 was used for statistical analysis. The Chi-square test was used to screen all factors, and those withp < 0.05 were further introduced into a multiple logistic regression model to illustrate the risk factors for early survival rates of implants.

Results

In this study, we included 1078 cases (601 males and 477 females) with 2053 implants. After implantation, 1974 implants were retained, and the early survival rate was 96.15%. Patients aged 30–60 years (OR  2.392), with Class I bone quality (OR  3.689), bone augmentation (OR  1.742), immediate implantation (OR  3.509), and implant length < 10 mm (OR  2.972), were said to possess risk factors conducive to early survival rates.

Conclusions

The early survival rate of implants in our cohort exceeded 96%, with risk factors including age, tooth position, bone quality, implant length, bone augmentation surgery, and immediate implantation. When the above factors coexist, implant placement should be treated carefully.
High plasma renin activity associates with obesity-related diabetes and arterial hypertension, and predicts persistent hypertension after bariatric surgery
Authors: La Sala Lucia , Tagliabue Elena , Vieira Elaine , Pontiroli Antonio E , Folli Franco
Published: June 2021

Background

Information about the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in obese individuals before and after bariatric surgery is scarce. Aim of this study was to analyze the RAAS in severely obese subjects, in relation to anthropometric and metabolic variables, with special reference to glucose tolerance.

Methods

239 subjects were evaluated at baseline, and 181 one year after bariatric surgery [laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB)].

Results

At baseline, renin (plasma renin activity, PRA) was increased from normal to glucose tolerance and more in diabetes, also correlating with ferritin. After LAGB, the decrease of PRA and aldosterone was significant in hypertensive, but not in normotensive subjects, and correlatied with decrease of ferritin. PRA and glucose levels were predictive of persistent hypertension 1 year after LAGB.

Conclusions

These data support the role of RAAS in the pathophysiology of glucose homeostasis, and in the regulation of blood pressure in obesity. Ferritin, as a proxy of subclinical inflammation, could be another factor contributing to the cross-talk between RAAS and glucose metabolism.
YWHAE as an HE4 interacting protein can influence the malignant behaviour of ovarian cancer by regulating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways
Authors: Li Xiao , Wang Caixia , Wang Shuang , Hu Yuexin , Jin Shan , Liu Ouxuan , Gou Rui , Nie Xin , Liu Juanjuan , Lin Bei
Published: June 2021

Background

Malignant tumours of the female reproductive system threaten the lives and health of women worldwide, with ovarian cancer having the highest mortality rate. Based on previous work, this study analysed the expression and role of YWHAE in ovarian epithelial tumours.

Methods

The interaction between YWHAE and HE4 was evaluated via immunoprecipitation, western blot analysis, and cellular immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry was used to address the relationship between YWHAE expression, clinicopathological parameters, and patient prognosis. Changes in cell invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle before and after differential expression of YWHAE were also explored in ovarian cancer cell lines and via in vivo experiments.

Results

YWHAE was found to interact with HE4, and its expression was positively correlated with HE4 expression. Moreover, YWHAE upregulation was associated with advanced stages of ovarian cancer and poor patient prognosis. In addition, YWHAE enhanced invasion, migration, and proliferation, but inhibited the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. These biological effects were found to be mediated by the AKT and MAPK signalling pathways.

Conclusions

Altogether, this study demonstrates that YWHAE is substantially upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues, representing a risk factor for the prognosis of ovarian cancer that is positively correlated with HE4 expression. Furthermore, YWHAE and its downstream pathways may represent new therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
Correction to: Hybrid mosquitoes? Evidence from rural Tanzania on how local communities conceptualize and respond to modified mosquitoes as a tool for malaria control
Authors: Finda Marceline F. , Okumu Fredros O. , Minja Elihaika , Njalambaha Rukiyah , Mponzi Winfrida , Tarimo Brian B. , Chaki Prosper , Lezaun Javier , Kelly Ann H. , Christofdes Nicola
Published: June 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Correction to: Addressing key gaps in implementation of mosquito larviciding to accelerate malaria vector control in southern Tanzania: results of a stakeholder engagement process in local district councils
Authors: Mapua Salum A. , Finda Marceline F. , Nambunga Ismail H. , Msugupakulya Betwel J. , Ukio Kusirye , Chaki Prosper P. , Tripet Frederic , Kelly Ann H. , Christofdes Nicola , Lezaun Javier , Okumu Fredros O.
Published: June 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Does liver cirrhosis affect the surgical outcome of primary colorectal cancer surgery? A meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Yu-Xi , Tao Wei , Zhang Hua , Peng Dong , Wei Zheng-Qiang
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of liver cirrhosis (LC) on the short-term and long-term surgical outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to March 23, 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of enrolled studies, and RevMan 5.3 was used for data analysis in this meta-analysis. The registration ID of this current meta-analysis on PROSPERO is CRD42021238042.

Results

In total, five studies with 2485 patients were included in this meta-analysis. For the baseline information, no significant differences in age, sex, tumor location, or tumor T staging were noted. Regarding short-term outcomes, the cirrhotic group had more major complications (OR=5.15, 95% CI=1.62 to 16.37, p=0.005), a higher re-operation rate (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.07 to 3.88, p=0.03), and a higher short-term mortality rate (OR=2.85, 95% CI=1.93 to 4.20, p<0.00001) than the non-cirrhotic group. However, no significant differences in minor complications (OR=1.54, 95% CI=0.78 to 3.02, p=0.21) or the rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.10 to 5.99, p=0.80) were noted between the two groups. Moreover, the non-cirrhotic group exhibited a longer survival time than the cirrhotic group (HR=2.96, 95% CI=2.28 to 3.85, p<0.00001).

Conclusion

Preexisting LC was associated with an increased postoperative major complication rate, a higher rate of re-operation, a higher short-term mortality rate, and poor overall survival following CRC surgery.
Preoperative plasma D-dimer independently predicts survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing radical resection
Authors: Chen Haoda , Li Fanlu , Zou Siyi , Xie Junjie , Zhang Jun , Deng Xiaxing , Chen Hao , Shen Baiyong
Published: June 2021

Background

Elevated plasma D-dimer levels have been reported as an unfavorable prognostic indicator in many solid tumors. However, there are limited relevant studies in pancreatic cancer patients following radical surgery, and the clinical significance remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of preoperative plasma D-dimer in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) undergoing resection.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients who consecutively underwent radical surgery for PDAC by laparotomy or robotic surgery from December 2011 to December 2018. Baseline clinicopathologic characteristics, preoperative laboratory parameters, and follow-up information were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the prognostic value of preoperative plasma D-dimer.

Results

Among 1351 patients, elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer levels (≥ 0.55 ng/mL) were found in 417 (30.9%) patients. Three hundred twelve (23.09%) underwent minimally invasive robotic pancreatectomy. The median overall survival (OS) of patients with elevated D-dimer levels was 6.3 months shorter than that of patients with normal D-dimer levels (15.0 months vs 21.3 months, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that elevated D-dimer levels independently predicted poorer OS (hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.51, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that D-dimer was a reliable prognostic factor in patients who underwent R0 resection. In addition, integration of D-dimer, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and NLR provided a better prognostic model for PDAC patients before operation.

Conclusion

An elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer level was a reliable independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with PDAC undergoing resection. Combination of D-dimer, CA19-9, and NLR can enhance the prognostic accuracy before operation.
Association between baseline and changes in serum uric acid and incident metabolic syndrome: a nation-wide cohort study and updated meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Sen , Wu Nianwei , Yu Chuan , Xu Ying , Xu Chengfu , Huang Yuli , Zhao Jian , Li Ningxiu , Pan Xiong-Fei
Published: June 2021

Background

To prospectively examine the associations of baseline serum uric acid (SUA) and SUA changes with incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) and update the evidence through a meta-analysis.

Methods

Our analyses were based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011–2012 to 2015–2016. The exposures were baseline SUA and SUA changes, and the outcome was incident MetS assessed in 2015–2016. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize evidence from all cohort studies on the same topic.

Results

Of 3779 participants (47.2% men; mean age: 59.5 years) without MetS, 452 participants developed MetS after a follow-up of 4 years. Compared to the lowest quartiles, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for MetS were 1.08 (0.77–1.50), 1.32 (0.95–1.82), and 1.55 (1.12–2.16) for three higher quartiles of baseline SUA, and 1.23 (0.89–1.71), 1.39 (1.00–1.93), and 1.89 (1.38–2.58) for three higher quartiles of SUA changes. Each increment of 1 mg/dL of baseline SUA level was associated with 19% higher odds of MetS (adjusted OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07–1.33). In the meta-analysis of 24 cohort studies among 140,913 participants, the pooled relative risk (95% CI) was 1.32 (1.25–1.40) for the highest versus lowest SUA category, and 1.15 (1.09–1.21) for each 1 mg/dL increase in the SUA level.

Conclusions

Both baseline SUA and longitudinal SUA changes were positively associated with risk of MetS among middle-aged and elderly Chinese, which was supported by findings from a comprehensive meta-analysis across multiple populations. SUA levels might need to be monitored closely for subsequent risk of MetS in clinical practice.
Chromosome 10 abnormality predicts prognosis of neuroblastoma patients with bone marrow metastasis
Authors: Jiang Chi-yi , Xu Xiao , Jian Bing-lin , Zhang Xue , Yue Zhi-xia , Guo Wei , Ma Xiao-li
Published: June 2021

Background

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. It is known for high heterogeneity and concealed onset. In recent years, the mechanism of its occurrence and development has been gradually revealed. The purpose of this study is to summarize the clinical characteristics of children with NB and abnormal chromosome 10, and to investigate the relationship between the number and structure of chromosome 10 abnormalities and NB prognosis.

Methods

Chromosome G-banding was used at the time of diagnosis to evaluate the genetics of chromosomes in patients with NB and track their clinical characteristics and prognosis. All participants were diagnosed with NB in the Medical Oncology Department of the Beijing Children’s Hospital from May 2015 to December 2018 and were followed up with for at least 1 year.

Results

Of all 150 patients with bone marrow metastases, 42 were clearly diagnosed with chromosomal abnormalities. Thirteen patients showed abnormalities in chromosome 10, and chromosome 10 was the most commonly missing chromosome. These 13 patients had higher LDH and lower OS and EFS than children with chromosomal abnormalities who did not have an abnormality in chromosome 10. Eight patients had both MYCN amplification and 1p36 deletion. Two patients had optic nerve damage and no vision, and one patient had left supraorbital metastases 5 months after treatment.

Conclusions

The results indicated that chromosome 10 might be a new prognostic marker for NB. MYCN amplification and 1p36 deletion may be related to chromosome 10 abnormalities in NB. Additionally, NB patients with abnormal chromosome 10 were prone to orbital metastases.
Transcription shapes DNA replication initiation to preserve genome integrity
Authors: Liu Yang , Ai Chen , Gan Tingting , Wu Jinchun , Jiang Yongpeng , Liu Xuhao , Lu Rusen , Gao Ning , Li Qing , Ji Xiong , Hu Jiazhi
Published: June 2021

Background

Early DNA replication occurs within actively transcribed chromatin compartments in mammalian cells, raising the immediate question of how early DNA replication coordinates with transcription to avoid collisions and DNA damage.

Results

We develop a high-throughput nucleoside analog incorporation sequencing assay and identify thousands of early replication initiation zones in both mouse and human cells. The identified early replication initiation zones fall in open chromatin compartments and are mutually exclusive with transcription elongation. Of note, early replication initiation zones are mainly located in non-transcribed regions adjacent to transcribed regions. Mechanistically, we find that RNA polymerase II actively redistributes the chromatin-bound mini-chromosome maintenance complex (MCM), but not the origin recognition complex (ORC), to actively restrict early DNA replication initiation outside of transcribed regions. In support of this finding, we detect apparent MCM accumulation and DNA replication initiation in transcribed regions due to anchoring of nuclease-dead Cas9 at transcribed genes, which stalls RNA polymerase II. Finally, we find that the orchestration of early DNA replication initiation by transcription efficiently prevents gross DNA damage.

Conclusion

RNA polymerase II redistributes MCM complexes, but not the ORC, to prevent early DNA replication from initiating within transcribed regions. This RNA polymerase II-driven MCM redistribution spatially separates transcription and early DNA replication events and avoids the transcription-replication initiation collision, thereby providing a critical regulatory mechanism to preserve genome stability.
Identification of DNA methylation biomarkers for risk of liver metastasis in early-stage colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Weihua , Guo Lei , Tang Wanxiangfu , Ma Yutong , Wang Xiaonan , Shao Yang , Zhao Hong , Ying Jianming
Published: June 2021

Background

Liver metastases can occur even in CRC patients who underwent curative surgery. While evidence suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy can help to reduce the occurrence of liver metastases for certain patients, it is not a recommended routine as the side effects outweigh the potential benefits, especially in Stage II CRC patients. This study aims to construct a model for predicting liver metastasis risk using differential methylation signals in primary CRC tumors, which can facilitate the decision for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

Fifty-nine stage I/II and IV CRC patients were enrolled. Primary tumor, adjacent normal tissue, and metastatic tumor tissues were subject to targeted bisulfite sequencing for DNA methylation. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to identify potential DMRs for predicting liver metastasis of CRC.

Results

We identified a total of 241,573 DMRs by comparing the DNA methylation profile of primary tumors of stage II patients who developed metastasis to those who were metastasis-free during the follow up period. 213 DMRs were associated with poor prognosis, among which 182 DMRS were found to be hypermethylated in the primary tumor of patients with metastases. Furthermore, by using the LASSO regression model, we identified 23 DMRs that contributed to a high probability of liver metastasis of CRC. The leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) was used to evaluate model predictive performance at an AUC of 0.701. In particular, 7 out of those 23 DMRs were found to be in the promoter region of genes that were previously reported prognostic biomarkers in diverse tumor types, including TNNI2, PAX8, GUF1, KLF4, EVI2B, CEP112, and long non-coding RNA AC011298. In addition, the model was also able to distinguish metastases of different sites (liver or lung) at an AUC of 0.933.

Conclusion

We have identified DNA methylation biomarkers associated with the risk of cancer liver metastasis in early-stage CRC patients. A risk prediction model based on those epigenetic markers was proposed for outcome assessment.
First record of the enigmatic coleoid genus Longibelus from Sakhalin (Far East Russia): a contribution to our understanding of Cretaceous coleoid habitats in the Pacific Realm
Authors: Jagt-Yazykova Elena A. , Košťák Martin , Jagt John W. M.
Published: June 2021

A newly collected specimen of the enigmatic coleoid genus Longibelus is recorded from lower Turonian strata along the River Shadrinka in Sakhalin (Russian Far East). To date, this is the first record of Late Cretaceous coleoid cephalopods from the island and, in fact, from the entire Pacific coast of the Russian Federation. Lithological characteristics, coupled with published geochemical analyses (δ13C and Corg content), suggest the habitat of this coleoid taxon to have been the middle to outer (i.e. distal) shelf. Its provenance from the stratigraphical level that is known as the Scaphites Event, characterised by a mass occurrence of Scaphites and Yesoites, may be indicative of occasional or marginal overlap in ranges, rather than life in similar habitats. On the basis of lithological features and in view of the extremely rare occurrence of Longibelus in rich ammonite assemblages with clear ecological/bathymetric preferences, the natural habitat of Longibelus may have comprised neritic to mesopelagic zones over distal shelves and slopes.
Impacts of increasing challenge with Eimeria maxima on the growth performance and gene expression of biomarkers associated with intestinal integrity and nutrient transporters
Authors: Teng Po-Yun , Choi Janghan , Tompkins Yuguo , Lillehoj Hyun , Kim Woo
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of graded severity of Eimeria maxima infection on the growth performance and intestine health of broiler chickens. Four different levels of E. maxima-challenged treatments were used, including a non-challenged control group, a low challenge (12 500 oocysts), a medium challenge (25 000 oocysts), and a high challenge dose (50 000 oocysts). There were eight replicate cages per treatment, with 12 birds in each cage, and chickens in the challenged groups orally received sporulated oocysts on day 14. Gastrointestinal permeability was measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran at 5 days post-infection (dpi), whereas intestinal morphology and gene expression of nutrient transporters and tight junction proteins were determined at 6 dpi. The results demonstrate a linear reduction in growth performance, jejunal villus height, and jejunal integrity with graded challenge doses of E. maxima (P < 0.01). Moreover, linear regulation of nutrient transporters and tight junction proteins was a consequence of increasing Eimeria infection levels (P < 0.01). The linear increase of Claudin 1, cationic amino acid transporter, glucose transporter 1, and L-type amino acid transporter genes was associated with increased severity of coccidiosis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, expression of nutrient transporters located at the brush border membrane were down-regulated (P < 0.01) with increasing E. maxima inoculation dose. In conclusion, growth performance and key intestinal integrity biomarkers in broiler chickens were adversely influenced in a dose-dependent manner by E. maxima infection.
Duloxetine versus ‘active’ placebo, placebo or no intervention for major depressive disorder; a protocol for a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Faiza , Barbateskovic Marija , Juul Sophie , Katakam Kiran Kumar , Munkholm Klaus , Gluud Christian , Jakobsen Janus Christian
Published: June 2021

Background

Major depression significantly impairs quality of life, increases the risk of suicide, and poses tremendous economic burden on individuals and societies. Duloxetine, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is a widely prescribed antidepressant. The effects of duloxetine have, however, not been sufficiently assessed in earlier systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Methods/design

A systematic review will be performed including randomised clinical trials comparing duloxetine with ‘active’ placebo, placebo or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder. Bias domains will be assessed, an eight-step procedure will be used to assess if the thresholds for clinical significance are crossed. We will conduct meta-analyses. Trial sequential analysis will be conducted to control random errors, and the certainty of the evidence will be assessed using GRADE. To identify relevant trials, we will search Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica database, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index—Science and Conference Proceedings Citation Index—Social Science & Humanities. We will also search Chinese databases and Google Scholar. We will search all databases from their inception to the present. Two review authors will independently extract data and perform risk of bias assessment. Primary outcomes will be the difference in mean depression scores on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale between the intervention and control groups and serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes will be suicide, suicide-attempts, suicidal ideation, quality of life and non-serious adverse events.

Discussion

No former systematic review has systematically assessed the beneficial and harmful effects of duloxetine taking into account both the risks of random errors and the risks of systematic errors. Our review will help clinicians weigh the benefits of prescribing duloxetine against its adverse effects and make informed decisions.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO 2016 CRD42016053931
Correlation between age, muscle architecture, and muscle strength in children with Erb’s palsy
Authors: Awad Ahmed Saad , Ali Mostafa Soliman , Elassal Mohamed Ismail
Published: June 2021

Background

Muscle weakness is a widespread problem in children with Erb’s palsy as it can cause changes in muscle architecture parameters, which can be detected by ultrasonography. This study was conducted to determine the relation between age, muscle architecture, and muscle strength in children with Erb’s palsy. A total of 40 children with Erb’s palsy from both sexes aged 1–2.5 years were included in this study. Muscle thickness and pennation angle were measured by ultrasonography, and muscle strength was measured using the active movement scale.

Results

A significant relation was found between age, muscle thickness, pennation angle, and muscle strength (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was found in muscle architecture parameters during relaxation and contraction in both study groups and in each study group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Muscle weakness in children with Erb’s palsy has an effect on muscle architecture parameters, and these parameters also increase with age.
Cognitive and White Matter Microstructure Development in Congenital Hypothyroidism and Familial Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Perri Katia , De Mori Letizia , Tortora Domenico , Calevo Maria Grazia , Allegri Anna E M , Napoli Flavia , Patti Giuseppa , Fava Daniela , Crocco Marco , Schiavone Maurizio , Casalini Emilio , Severino Mariasavina , Rossi Andrea , Di Iorgi Natascia , Gastaldi Roberto , Maghnie Mohamad
Published: June 2021

Context

Children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are at risk for suboptimal neurodevelopment.

Objectives

To evaluate neurocognitive function and white matter microstructure in children with permanent or transient CH and to correlate these findings with disease severity.

Design, participants and methods

A retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted in 39 children with permanent or transient CH, and in 39 healthy children. Cognitive function was assessed by Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition, and by other tests; the white matter microstructure was investigated by 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Children with permanent CH have lower cognitive scores at a median age of 9.5 years than those with transient CH and controls. An IQ score between 71 and 84 was found in 28.6% of permanent CH and of <70 (P = 0.06) in 10.7%. The Processing Speed Index (PSI; P = 0.004), sustained visual attention (P = 0.02), reading speed (P = 0.0001), written calculations (P = 0.002), and numerical knowledge (P = 0.0001) were significantly lower than controls. Children born to mothers with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis have significantly lower IQ values (P = 0.02), Working Memory Index (P = 0.03), and PSI (P = 0.02). Significantly lower IQ and Verbal Comprehension Index values were found in children with a family history of thyroid disorders (P = 0.004 and P = 0.009, respectively). In children with permanent CH, significant correlations between abnormalities in white matter microstructural, clinical, and cognitive measures were documented.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that children with CH are at risk of neurocognitive impairment and white matter abnormalities despite timely and adequate treatment. The association between offspring cognitive vulnerability and maternal thyroid disorders requires careful consideration.
Toxic Waste and Unpaid Labor
Authors: Lambert Stephanie
Published: June 2021

“Everyday things represent the most overlooked forms of knowledge,” claims Father Paulus, the Jesuit priest in Don DeLillo’s novel Underworld (1997). What tends to go overlooked in DeLillo’s work, this article proposes, is the socio-ecological violence of the capitalist world-system that undergirds this “everyday.” Turning to DeLillo’s depiction of the Cold War kitchen in Underworld (1997) and consumerist detritus in White Noise (1985), this article reveals how the novels foreground the exploited labor and land required to sustain accumulation and the toxic consequences of the US cycle. To do so, it brings into dialogue critiques of everyday life; the Warwick Research Collective’s definition of “world-literature” as “the literary registration of . . . combined and uneven development”; Jason W. Moore’s world-ecological analysis with Marx’s theory of value; and Silvia Federici, Maria Mies, and Nancy Fraser’s Marxist-feminist analyses of domestic labor.
Fictions of Time and Space
Authors: Sergeant David
Published: June 2021

This essay argues for a fuller recognition of the key transitional status of The Four-Gated City (1969) in Doris Lessing’s career. As an attempt to recalibrate the basic coordinates of the realist inheritance, the novel develops a strongly spatial narrative mode that coincides with a desire to write a utopian collective. This is confirmed both by previously unstudied draft material for Briefing for a Descent into Hell (1971) and the published texts that followed. However, in The Four-Gated City this attempt to break from the destructive globalization of the postwar era becomes deeply problematic through its handling of history and time. Examining this struggle in Lessing’s writing can shed light on how the interplay of space and time informs the intertwined histories of realism and modernism in twentieth-century fiction, and on how Lessing’s work contributes to current debates about possible futures for the novel.
The Translating Subject beyond Borders
Authors: Son Sung-jun
Published: June 2021

In the early twentieth century, the political environments of China, Japan, and Korea were heterogeneous, encompassing various discourses and orientations. Using biographies of George Washington, this article examines the particularities of the texts created through such translations. In relay translations of biographies of Washington, Fukuyama Yoshiharu 福山義春 (Japanese, published 1900) sought an ideal model of Confucian ethics; Ding Jin 丁錦 (Chinese, published 1903) represented Washington as a strong warrior who won independence after a long fight; and Yi Haejo 李海朝 (Korean, published 1908) offered a portrait in which the warrior figure recedes and the Confucian image is again reinforced. Despite the gap between the political environments of Japan and Korea and the absence of a direct connection between them, Fukuyama's and Yi's editions share more overlapping features with each other than with Ding's. Properly recognizing and highlighting individual translation and adaptation practices that do not converge on the norms of national discourse will expand the horizons of the national discourse itself.
Planar polarization of cilia in the zebrafish floor-plate involves Par3-mediated posterior localization of highly motile basal bodies
Authors: Donati Antoine , Anselme Isabelle , Schneider-Maunoury Sylvie , Vesque Christine
Published: June 2021

Epithelial cilia, whether motile or primary, often display an off-center planar localization within the apical cell surface. This form of planar cell polarity (PCP) involves the asymmetric positioning of the ciliary basal body (BB). Using the monociliated epithelium of the embryonic zebrafish floor-plate, we investigated the dynamics and mechanisms of BB polarization by live imaging. BBs were highly motile, making back-and-forth movements along the antero-posterior (AP) axis and contacting both the anterior and posterior membranes. Contacts exclusively occurred at junctional Par3 patches and were often preceded by membrane digitations extending towards the BB, suggesting focused cortical pulling forces. Accordingly, BBs and Par3 patches were linked by dynamic microtubules. Later, BBs became less motile and eventually settled at posterior apical junctions enriched in Par3. BB posterior positioning followed Par3 posterior enrichment and was impaired upon Par3 depletion or disorganization of Par3 patches. In the PCP mutant vangl2, BBs were still motile but displayed poorly oriented membrane contacts that correlated with Par3 patch fragmentation and lateral spreading. Thus, we propose an unexpected function for posterior Par3 enrichment in controlling BB positioning downstream of the PCP pathway.
Hepatic venous-portal gradient (HVPG) measurement: pearls and pitfalls
Authors: Lu Qiqi , Leong Sum , Lee Kristen Alexa , Patel Ankur , Chua Jasmine Ming Er , Venkatanarasimha Nanda , Lo Richard HG , Irani Farah Gillan , Zhuang Kun Da , Gogna Apoorva , Chang Pik Eu Jason , Tan Hiang Keat , Too Chow Wei
Published: June 2021

Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold-standard for measurement of portal hypertension, a common cause for life-threatening conditions such as variceal bleeding and hepatic encephalopathy. HVPG also plays a crucial role in risk stratification, treatment selection and assessment of treatment response. Thus recognition of common pitfalls and unusual hepatic venous conditions is crucial. This article aims to provide a radiographical and clinical guide to HVPG with representative clinical cases.
Impact of scaffolding protein TNRC6 paralogs on gene expression and splicing
Authors: Johnson Samantha T. , Chu Yongjun , Liu Jing , Corey David R.
Published: June 2021

TNRC6 is a scaffolding protein that bridges interactions between small RNAs, argonaute (AGO) protein, and effector proteins to control gene expression. There are three paralogs in mammalian cells, TNRC6A, TNRC6B, and TNRC6C. These paralogs have ∼40% amino acid sequence identity and the extent of their unique or redundant functions is unclear. Here, we use knockout cell lines, enhanced crosslinking immunoprecipitation (eCLIP), and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to explore the roles of TNRC6 paralogs in RNA-mediated control of gene expression. We find that the paralogs are largely functionally redundant and changes in levels of gene expression are well-correlated with those observed in AGO knockout cell lines. Splicing changes observed in AGO knockout cell lines are also observed in TNRC6 knockout cells. These data further define the roles of the TNRC6 isoforms as part of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery.
Διαχείριση κρίσεων και ισλαμική τρομοκρατία
Authors: Κατρατζής Λουκάς
Published: June 2021

Σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η κατανόηση του φαινομένου της τρομοκρατίας, καθώς και της μορφής και της ανταπόκρισης των σύγχρονων κρατικών μηχανισμών διαχείρισης κρίσεων. Αντικείμενο της μελέτης αποτελούν οι τρομοκρατικές επιθέσεις της 13ης Νοεμβρίου 2015 στο Παρίσι και της 22ας Μαρτίου 2016 στις Βρυξέλλες. Για τη βέλτιστη κατανόηση των ανωτέρω αναλύονται το προφίλ και η στρατηγική των τρομοκρατών, τα αντιτρομοκρατικά μέτρα ασφαλείας που είχαν λάβει η Γαλλία και το Βέλγιο, καθώς και τα μέτρα που έλαβαν οι δύο χώρες κατά τη διάρκεια και μετά τα τρομοκρατικά χτυπήματα. Επιπλέον, στο πλαίσιο της διδακτορικής διατριβής πραγματοποιήθηκε εμπειρική έρευνα με στόχο τη μελέτη της επιρροής των δύο υπό εξέταση τρομοκρατικών επιθέσεων στο γαλλικό και βελγικό έντυπο τύπο 15 ημέρες πριν και 15 ημέρες μετά τις επιθέσεις. Το εργαλείο που επιλέχτηκε για την έρευνα είναι η Ανάλυση Περιεχομένου. Για την έρευνα χρησιμοποιούνται πρωτογενείς και δευτερογενείς πηγές, δηλαδή στατιστικά δεδομένα σχετικά με τις τρομοκρατικές επιθέσεις που διεξήγαγαν το ISIS και η al-Qaeda ανά τον κόσμο κατά τα έτη 2014 – 2017 και 2001 – 2011 αντίστοιχα, αποφάσεις, αναφορές και διατάγματα της Γαλλικής Δημοκρατίας και του Βελγικού Βασιλείου, καθώς και δημοσιεύσεις και συγγράμματα εξειδικευμένων αναλυτών και επιστημόνων στην τρομοκρατία και τη διαχείριση κρίσεων.
Συγκριτική μελέτη δύο σχημάτων ινσουλινοθεραπείας σε ασθενείς με σακχαρώδη διαβήτη τύπου 2 με την χρήση αισθητήρων γλυκόζης
Authors: Μαργαριτίδης Χαράλαμπος
Published: June 2021

ΣΚΟΠΟΣ: Η συγκριτική μελέτη δύο σχημάτων ινσουλινοθεραπείας (μίγμα ανθρώπινης ινσουλίνης 30/70-PIΗ και μίγμα ανάλογου-PAI, και συγκεκριμένα διφασική ινσουλίνη Aspart 30/70-Biasp30) με τη χρήση αισθητήρων γλυκόζης, και εκτίμηση της συσχέτισης της γλυκοζυλιωμένης αιμοσφαιρίνης (HbA1c), της γλυκοζυλιωμένης αλβουμίνης(GA) και της φρουκτοζαμίνης(FA) με τα δεδομένα της συνεχούς καταγραφής(CGM). ΑΣΘΕΝΕΙΣ-ΜΕΘΟΔΟΙ: Μια cross-over μελέτη σε 36 καλά ρυθμισμένα άτομα με Σακχαρώδη Διαβήτη τύπου 2 (ΣΔτ2), οι οποίοι υποβλήθηκαν σε 7ήμερη CGM με το PHI και στη συνέχεια με το Biasp30. ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ: Το Biasp30 πέτυχε χαμηλότερη μέση τιμή γλυκόζης (Average Blood Glucose- ABG) για το διάστημα 23:00-03:00 (PHI: 135.08± 28.94mg/dl, Biasp30: 117.75± 21.24 mg/dl, p<0.001) και το διάστημα 00:00-06:00 (PHI: 120.42 ±23.13mg/dl, Biasp30: 111.17± 14.74, p=0.008, περισσότερο χρόνο σε επίπεδα γλυκόζης κάτω από το όριο των 70mg/dl (Time Below Range-TBR) για το διάστημα 23:00-03:00 (PHI: 58.75 ± 99.49min, Biasp30: 179.17 ± 249.30min,p=0.003). Το PHI πέτυχε χαμηλότερη ABG πριν το πρωινό (PHI: 111.75± 23.9 mg/dl, Biasp30: 128.25± 35.9mg/dl, p=0.013). Δεν υπήρξαν διαφορές μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων στην ABG για το συνολικό διάστημα του 24ώρου (PHI: 140.08± 20.71mg/dl, Biasp30:138.08± 17.93mg/dl,p=0.502), στο χρόνο εντός του στόχου (Time In Range -TIR-% του συνολικού χρόνου καταγραφής) (PHI: 75.92± 12.42%, Biasp30:74.17± 15.90%, p=0.534) και στο συνολικό TBR (% of the total CGM time) (PHI: 4.17± 3.55%, Biasp30: 5.5± 3.40%, p=0.063),και στο TBR για το διάστημα 00:00-06:00 period (PHI: 8.45 ± 8.81%, Biasp30: 12.08 ± 16.13%, p=0.253). Οι συνολικές μονάδες ινσουλίνης ήταν περισσότερες με το Biasp30(PHI: 47.92± 12.18 IU, Biasp30:49.58± 14.12 IU, p=0.001). HbA1c, GA and FA εμφάνισαν στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση με την ABG (GA: r=0.512, p=0.011, FA: r=0.555, p=0.005, HbA1c: r=0.642, p=0.001).ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Σε καλά ρυθμισμένους ασθενείς με ΣΔτ2 τα PIA και αποτελούν ισάξιες επιλογές με τα PHI. Από τους διάφορους δείκτες γλυκαιμικής μεταβλητότητας η HbA1c παρουσιάζει την ισχυρότερη συσχέτιση με την ABG.
ANALISA PENGARUH KINERJA KEUANGAN DAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KEMUNGKINAN TERJADINYA FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD
Authors: Ardhiansyah Arief Satria , Kusuma Hadri , Sa’dani Olivi Sabilla
Published: June 2021

The objective of this research to analyze factors that have impact to financial statement fraud. Independent factors used in this research consists of financial distress, liquidity, leverage, and corporate governance. In other hand, the objective of this research also to analyze the factors that have influence to financial distress. Independent factors used in this research consist of profitability, liquidity, leverage, and corporate governance. Samples is all of manufacturing companies that listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) period 2011-2015. Sampling method using purposive sampling with criterias setted by researcher and got 634 companies as the samples. Method of data analysis using path analysis and use PLS as software assisted. The results of this research are financial distress, liquidity, leverage, and corporate governance have a significant influence to financial statement fraud. In other hand profitability, liquidity, leverage, and corporate governance have significant influence to the financial distress.
ANALISIS KEUNGGULAN KOMPETITIF INDUSTRI JUAL BELI BESI BEKAS PADA UD. MULTI BAJA KUIN CERUCUK BANJARMASIN
Authors: Supriyanto Akhmad , Widyarfendhi Widyarfendhi , Salafuddin Ilyas
Published: June 2021

This research aims to identify the effect of key success factors (KSFs) of scrap metal buying-selling industry in Kuin Cerucuk Village Banjarmasin and value chain activities to the competitive advantage of UD. Multi Baja.The population in this study are the UD. Multi Baja Kuin Cerucuk Village Banjarmasin. The sampling technique used is the census method which means that all members of the population are used as samples. The secondary and primary data analyzed are company profiles, value chain, industry analysis and competitive advantage.The results shows that the company value chain activities is the source of competitive advantage which contained in the activities of the company such as, logistics activities cost drivers, operations, company infrastructure, marketing and sales. The key success factors (KSFs) of the industry consist of: economies of scale in the form of product attributes, distribution channels and working capital capabilities are influencing the competitive advantage of the industry. While human resources and technology have moderate influence. This competitive advantage is obtained from the implementation of a low cost strategy and integrated differentiation.
PERAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PADA UMKM DI WILAYAH SUMSEL (STUDI KASUS TRAVEL PO BHW)
Authors: Safitri Rika Henda , Aulia Bunga , Tharika Riska
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to analyze and improve the profitability of UMKM in the South Sumatra region. This paper takes samples from travel service UMKM in South Sumatra, namely PO Batang Hari Wisata. PO BHW Travel is one of the travel offices in Palembang, South Sumatra. This company has been serving trips with various routes. This research intends to provide a useful information system for businesses like PO BHW Travel.The type of data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques used in the form of secondary data obtained from trusted journals and articles, as well as from books and other references. Primary data obtained are from the results of field studies through observations about PO BHW Travel. Data obtained from several sources, by conducting interviews with PO BHW Travel owners and direct observation to the business location in the form of ticket sales counters.It is expected that with the existence of an accounting information system, this travel business can overcome problems in its operations, particularly in terms of recording and providing financial information.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, KOMITE AUDIT DAN KOMPLEKSITAS AUDIT TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY
Authors: Al-Faruqi Radian Atho'
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect profitability, leverage, audit committee and audit complexity on the audit delay in mining companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2016-2018. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the study with multiple linear regression show that simultaneously, profitability, leverage, audit committee and audit complexity affect the audit delay.Partially, leverage has a significant effect onaudit delay, while other independent variables (profitability, aucit committee and audit complexity) has not significant effect on audit delay. This research is expected to contribute knowledge an as a reference for future research based on empirical evidence regarding the effect on profitability, leverage, audit committee, and audit complexity on audit delay. For the company is expected to be able to help things that affect the audit delay.