bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Material: Hidden deep sulfide cumulates beneath the Jinchuan Ni–Cu–platinum-group element deposit (China) inferred from Ni–Cu isotopes
Authors: Zhao Yun , Wang Shui-Jiong , al. et
Published: September 2024

Detailed geological setting, analytical and calculating methods, and data sources for this study. 
Laser-assisted endoscopic transoral surgery in apnoeic phase—management strategy for acquired supracarinal tracheal stenosis
Authors: Sarwar Mavra , Sarwar Zahra , Khan Muhammad Sarwar , Khan Saifullah
Published: September 2024

Acquired supracarinal tracheal stenosis can be defined as postintubation tracheal stenosis of the lower third of the trachea that cannot be bypassed by standard or adjustable flange tracheostomy tubes. Owing to difficulty of access in the deep trachea, the transoral laser-assisted endoscopic surgical management of such stenoses is a challenge both for the surgeon and the anaesthetist alike. It requires good rapport and efficient cooperation between the teams to ensure appropriate oxygenation and carbon-dioxide washout while providing intermittent apnoeic phases to the surgeon for clear visualisation of the target area and use of Diode laser which is otherwise hazardous in an oxygen/nitrous oxide rich environment.

From our tertiary care referral centre with strong work load for such pathologies, we report one such case of acquired tracheal stenosis successfully managed with transoral Diode laser-assisted surgery.
Investigations and referral for suspected gastric cancer by primary care physicians: a cross-sectional study in Southeastern China
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Xu Xiaonan , Liu Yiyang , Cai Carla Zi , Wong Li Ping , Lin Yulan
Published: September 2024

Background

Early recognition and accurate diagnosis are particularly important in the context of gastric cancer. This study mainly aimed to investigate primary care physicians’ (PCPs’) clinical behaviour and their readiness to consider investigation or referral for symptoms possibly indicative of gastric cancer.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

A self-administered online survey was carried out in five selected cities in the Fujian province of China between February 2022 and May 2022.

Participant

PCPs working in the departments, such as Internal Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Internal Medicine, Internal Medical Oncology Gastrointestinal Surgery or other clinical departments, have the chance to diagnose or treat patients with suspected gastric cancer.

Main outcome measures

Percentage of PCPs identifying gastric cancer patients either by undertaking an endoscopy at the primary hospital or by referring patients to an upper-level hospital.

Results

A total of 1210 complete responses were received. Nearly half of responding PCPs (46.4%) only had less than 5 years of clinical experience, and the majority worked in suburban or rural regions (64.4%). Direct access to blood tests for cancer diagnosis (77.9%), X-ray (77.2%), CT (55.7%), ultrasound (85.3%), upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (54.4%) and colonoscopy (51.9%) was common. Of the respondents, 85.5% reported that they could get specialist advice for a suspected cancer patient within 48 hours in terms of investigations and 84.0% in terms of referral. Patients’ waiting time to either conduct a test or have a result was mostly less than 1 week. In patients indicative of gastric cancer, a total of 1148 (94.8%) physicians were ready to investigate cancer either by sending patients to an endoscopy test (49.7%) or referring them to an upper-level hospital (45.1%).

Conclusions

Findings indicate that PCPs in five selected cities of Southeastern China have wide and rapid access to diagnostic tests and specialist advice. Furthermore, PCPs in this region seem to have a high level of readiness to consider investigation or referral for symptoms possibly indicative of gastric cancer.
Incidence and risk factors of common infections among children in Wonago, southern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hailu Samrawit , Loha Eskindir , Moen Bente E
Published: September 2024

Objective

There are limited data in Ethiopia on common childhood illnesses. We aimed to measure the incidence and risk factors of common childhood illnesses in rural parts of southern Ethiopia.

Design

A community-based cohort study.

Participants and study setting

A total of 903 children of 5 years or younger were included between July 2017 and January 2018. We randomly selected households from three administrative units (kebeles) in Wonago district in Ethiopia.

Outcomes

Data on incidence of illnesses were collected by interviewing the mothers of the children every second week, in 6 months. Incidence densities per child-week of observation were calculated, and predictors or recurrent illnesses were evaluated in multilevel Poisson regression models.

Results

Out of 903 children, 882 were included (97.6%). At least one illness was experienced among 87.3% of the children. Overall illness incidence rate was 19.7 episodes per 100 child-weeks, 95% CI 18.4 to 20.7. The incidence rate of fever symptoms was 5.5 episodes per 100 child-weeks; of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) 4.2 episodes per 100 child-weeks; of diarrhoea, 3.4 episodes per 100 child-weeks. In the multilevel analysis, household wealth status, child age, child nutritional status, source of drinking water, place for cooking and number of children below 5 years of age in the household were main risk factors for illnesses.

Conclusions

Children below 5 years of age in Ethiopia often experience fever, ARIs and diarrhoea. The identified risk factors were related to poverty and highlighted the importance of preventive measures to reduce the incidence of these diseases.
Is personal physiology-based rapid prediction digital twin for minimal effective fentanyl dose better than standard practice: a pilot study protocol
Authors: Cukic Milena , Annaheim Simon , Bahrami Flora , Defraeye Thijs , De Nys Katelijne , Jörger Markus
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Patients with advanced cancer frequently suffer from chronic, severe disabling pain. Opioids such as morphine and fentanyl are commonly used to manage this pain. Transdermal drug delivery systems are important technologies for administering drugs in a non-invasive, continuous and controlled manner. Due to the narrow therapeutic range of fentanyl, individualised dosing is essential to avoid underdosing or overdosing. Standard clinical calculation tools for opioid rotation however do not include important patient characteristics that account for interindividual variability of opioid pharmacology.

Methods and analysis

We developed a clinical protocol to optimise individual fentanyl dosing in patients with advanced cancer switching from oral or intravenous opioids to transdermal fentanyl by using a physics-based digital twin (DT) that is fed by important clinical and physiological parameters. Individual tailoring of transdermal fentanyl therapy is an approach with the potential for personalised and effective care with an improved benefit-risk ratio. However, clinical validation of physics-based digital twins (PBDT) dosing is crucial to proving clinical benefit.

Therapeutic drug monitoring will allow to validate the accuracy of PBDT predictions. Additional monitoring for breathing dynamics, sequential pain levels and fentanyl-related adverse events will contribute to evaluating the performance of PBDT-based dosing of transdermal fentanyl. The primary objective of the study is to develop an experimental protocol to validate DT-guided fentanyl dosing in patients with advanced cancer. This clinical study will bring individualised opioid dosing closer to clinical practice.

Ethics and dissemination

Study documents have been approved by the responsible Ethics Committee and study initiation is planned for late summer 2024. Data will be shared with the scientific community no more than 1 year following completion of the study and data assembly.
Exploring experiences and coping strategies of the surveillance of indeterminate pulmonary nodules: a qualitative content analysis among participants in the SCAPIS trial
Authors: Dai Ydrefelt Ying , Andersson Elisabeth , Bolejko Anetta
Published: September 2024

Objective

To elucidate experiences and coping strategies among adults in the surveillance of indeterminate pulmonary nodules detected with CT in the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).

Design

A qualitative study of conventional content analysis.

Settings

The study was conducted at a university hospital in a southern region of Sweden. The SCAPIS setting is similar to the first round of a population-based lung cancer screening programme.

Participants

Participants in SCAPIS who had experienced psychosocial consequences of the surveillance were eligible. Participants of both genders, current, former and non-smokers and of different follow-ups in the surveillance were included. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 19 participants were performed using an interview guide with open-ended questions. The participants were aged 56–68 years. Nine were women, 6 and 13 were non-smokers and smokers or former smokers, respectively, and all participants had undergone at least one follow-up of the lungs in the surveillance programme.

Results

The results depicted an emotional and mental journey for the participants from being distressed when informed about the need of surveillance, and realising their risks of getting sick if they did not take care of their own health, to eventually gathering the strength to cope with the situation, so the surveillance was finally valued with trust and satisfaction. The experiences and coping strategies in the surveillance programme developed a revelation of the value of health consciousness among the participants.

Conclusion

The study results demonstrated that a surveillance programme of pulmonary nodules might develop health consciousness among people. Still, some individuals might experience psychosocial consequences of the surveillance of indeterminate nodules. Therefore, healthcare professionals should be facilitated to perform person-centred communication to support individuals under surveillance. Preventive care to engage individuals as partners in the management of their own health should receive more attention and needs to be explored.
Culturally safe community agency health promotion capacity for diverse equity-seeking women: a rapid theoretical review
Authors: Nelson Elle , Susmita Susmita , Allana Saleema , Amodu Oluwakemi C , Weerasinghe Swarna , Simpson Andrea N , Ziegler Erin , Gagliardi Anna R
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Immigrant and sexually/gender-diverse women (henceforth, women) face inequities in access to and quality of care. As a result, many seek health information from community agencies perceived as culturally safe. We aimed to generate knowledge on capacity needed for culturally safe community agency health promotion.

Design

Theoretical rapid review.

Data sources

Studies identified in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Cochrane Library and the Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews.

Eligibility criteria

Studies published in 2013 or later on health promotion for ethnoculturally, sexually and gender-diverse women led by community agencies (eg, settlement, cultural, support and faith).

Data extraction/synthesis

We extracted data on study characteristics, cultural tailoring, implementation with the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation framework and health promotion capacity with the New South Wales framework.

Results

We included 19 studies published from 2017 to 2023. Most focused on health promotion to African or Latin American persons in faith-based organisations. Few studies focused solely on women, and no studies focused on or included 2SLGBTQ women. Few studies described cultural tailoring beyond the use of participants’ first language. Training of community health workers (CHWs) to deliver health promotion education, and CHW in-person group training of health promotion participants on a wide range of topics resulted in improved knowledge, self-efficacy, intention to modify behaviour, behaviour change and health outcomes. A few studies yielded some insight into what community agencies need to enable health promotion: dedicated funding and personnel, training in healthcare issues, space and partnerships with academic and healthcare organisations.

Conclusions

This study confirmed and enhanced our understanding of the health promotion role of community agencies and identified gaps that can inform future research on how to achieve culturally safe community agency health promotion for diverse women.
Advancing the access to cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment among women with cardiovascular disease: a joint British Cardiovascular Societies’ consensus document
Authors: Tayal Upasana , Pompei Graziella , Wilkinson Ian , Adamson Dawn , Sinha Aish , Hildick-Smith David , Cubbon Richard , Garbi Madalina , Ingram Thomas E , Colebourn Claire L , Camm C Fielder , Guzik Tomasz J , Anderson Lisa , Page Stephen P , Wicks Eleanor , Jenkins Petra , Rosen Stuart D , Eftychiou Stavros , Roberts Eleri , Eftekhari Helen , Probert Heather , Cowie Aynsley , Thakkar Raj , Moore Jim , Berry Colin , Captur Gaby , Deshpande Aparna , Brown Sarah , Malkin Roland , Harrison Mary , Lawson Claire , Ng G Andre , Kunadian Vijay
Published: September 2024

Despite significant progress in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and interventional strategies, cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular ischaemic heart disease, remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the UK and worldwide. Women are underdiagnosed, undertreated and under-represented in clinical trials directed at management strategies for CVD, making their results less applicable to this subset. Women have additional sex-specific risk factors that put them at higher risk of future cardiovascular events. Psychosocial risk factors, socioeconomic deprivation and environmental factors have an augmented impact on women’s cardiovascular health, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to care that considers risk factors specifically related to female biology alongside the traditional risk factors. Importantly, in the UK, even in the context of a National Health Service, there exist significant regional variations in age-standardised mortality rates among patients with CVD. Given most CVDs are preventable, concerted efforts are necessary to address the unmet needs and ensure parity of care for women with CVD. The present consensus document, put together by the British Cardiovascular Society (BCS)’s affiliated societies, specifically portrays the current status on the sex-related differences in the diagnosis and treatment of each of the major CVD areas and proposes strategies to overcome the barriers in accessing diagnoses and treatments among women. This document aims at raising awareness of the scale of the current problem and hopes to stimulate a multifaceted approach to address sex disparities and enable future comprehensive sex- and gender-based research through collaboration across different affiliated societies within the BCS.
Impact of Barrow’s entropy on topological classification of higher-dimensional black holes
Authors: Mohamed Abdelhay Salah , Shahzad M. Umair , Mehmood Aqsa , Zotos Euaggelos E.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we explore the impact of Barrow’s entropy on the topological classification of d-dimensional black holes (BHs). Specifically, we examine the Gauss–Bonnet (GB) and singly rotating Kerr black holes (KBHs) as well as their AdS counterparts. We notice that Barrow’s entropy significantly influences the topological numbers of these BHs. To understand these effects, we use the thermodynamic domain — the space defined by thermodynamic variables like temperature and pressure — to study topologically inspired defects in the BHs. These defects are points in the thermodynamic domain where singular or discontinuous behavior occurs. By computing the winding numbers of these defects, which are integers that count how many times a loop around the defect encircles the origin, we can understand the local and global topology of the BHs. Our analysis suggest that the topological number [Formula: see text] derived from Barrow’s statistics differs from the one obtained using Gibbs–Boltzmann statistics. Furthermore, we observe that BHs can undergo topological phase transitions that characterize them in different thermodynamic topological classes. Overall, these findings demonstrate the importance of Barrow’s entropy in understanding the topological classification of BHs, and highlight the potential for further research in this area.
Aspects of charged decoupled solutions in ℛ+ϖℛ2 gravity
Authors: Yousaf Z. , Bhatti M. Z. , Sharif M. , Farwa U.
Published: September 2024

This study deals with the physical aspects of the gravitationally decoupled solutions under [Formula: see text] gravity scenario. In doing so, charged anisotropic matter composition is assumed as the parent (seed) source for the static spherically symmetric configuration. Commencing with the Kuchowicz ansatz for the charged static parent matter formation, we establish the Karmarkar condition to thoroughly address the deformed functions and the gravitational aspects of the compact spheres. Besides these, null-complexity and isotropized conditions will enforce to grasp the system’s stability by the inclusion of charge and [Formula: see text] factors through graphical trends.
The Schwinger pair production method in the framework of non-commutative phase space coordinates and its applications
Authors: Benzair Hadjira , Moures Nadjiba , Boudjedaa Tahar
Published: September 2024

In noncommutative phase space (NCPS), we investigate the pair creation rate for the problem of scalar and spinorial particles emerging from a vacuum under the influence of uniform external electromagnetic fields using the Schwinger formal technique. It is demonstrated that under specific conditions, where the speed of light c approaches the Fermi velocity [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (with [Formula: see text] representing the cyclotron frequency), the behavior of the Dirac oscillator problem in a uniform electromagnetic field within NCPS is akin to the monolayer graphene problem in NCPS. In addition, the production probability per unit volume per unit time is discussed, along with the limits of parameter deformations.
AUTOMATED GESTURE RECOGNITION USING APPLIED LINGUISTICS WITH DATA-DRIVEN DEEP LEARNING FOR ARABIC SPEECH TRANSLATION
Authors: ALAHMARI SAAD , AL-ONAZI BADRIYYA B. , ALJOHANI NOUF J. , ALZAHRANI KHADIJA ABDULLAH , ALOTAIBI FAIZ ABDULLAH , ALMANEA MANAR , ALNFIAI MRIM M. , MAHGOUB HANY
Published: September 2024

Gesture recognition for Arabic speech translation includes developing advanced technologies that correctly translate body and hand movements corresponding to Arabic sign language (ArSL) into spoken Arabic. This leverages machine learning and computer vision techniques in complex systems simulation platforms to scrutinize the gestures utilized in ArSL, detecting mild differences in facial expressions, hand shapes, and movements. Sign Language Recognition (SLR) is paramount in assisting communication for the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing communities. It includes using vision-based methods and Surface Electromyography (sEMG) signals. The sEMG signal is crucial for recognizing hand gestures and capturing muscular activities in sign language. Researchers have comprehensively shown the capability of EMG signals to approach specific details, mainly in classifying hand gestures. This progression is a stimulating feature in extracting the interpretation and recognition of sign languages and investigating the phonology of signed language. Leveraging machine learning algorithms and signal processing techniques in complex systems simulation platforms, researchers aim to extract relevant traits from the sEMG signals that correspond to different ArSL gestures. This study introduces an Enhanced Dwarf Mongoose Algorithm with a Deep Learning-Driven Arabic Sign Language Detection (EDMODL-ASLD) technique on sEMG data. In the initial phase, the presented EDMODL-ASLD model is subjected to data preprocessing to change the input sEMG data into an attuned format. In the next stage, feature extraction with fractal theories is used to gather relevant and nonredundant data from the EMG window to construct a feature vector. In this study, the absolute envelope (AE), energy (E), root-mean square (RMS), standard deviation (STD), and mean absolute value (MAV) are the five time-domain extracted features for the EMG window observation. Meanwhile, the dilated convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) technique is used to identify distinct sign languages. To improve the results of the dilated ConvLSTM model, the hyperparameter selection process is executed using the EDMO model. To illustrate the significance of the EDMODL-ASLD technique, a brief experimental validation is made on the Arabic SLR database. The experimental validation of the EDMODL-ASLD technique portrayed a superior accuracy value of 96.47% over recent DL approaches.
On the Geodetic and Strong Geodetic Parameters of Certain Hypercubic Networks
Authors: Gajavalli S. , Berin Greeni A.
Published: September 2024

Networks derived from the hypercube are noted for their efficiency in simulating any bounded-degree communication network and hence they play a significant role in parallel machines. For a graph [Formula: see text], a geodetic cover is a subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], satisfying the condition that every vertex of [Formula: see text] other than the vertices in [Formula: see text] are covered using geodesics connecting any two vertices in [Formula: see text]. The geodetic number of [Formula: see text] is the least order of such covers in [Formula: see text]. This seminal distance-based parameter is well employed in the areas of location theory, convexity theory and game theory. The strong variant and its edge version are recent variations of the problem that were introduced in due of their applications in social networks. The most established and strong hypercube derivative networks are studied in this paper with respect to certain geodetic parameters. Notably, among the networks that we have considered, the butterfly and the Benes networks belong to the class of bipartite graphs for which the geodetic number problem and its strong version are NP-complete. We have determined the geodetic parameters that include the geodetic number, the strong geodetic number and their corresponding edge variants of the networks taken into consideration. In the process, we have identified a new class of graphs, as semi-extreme edge geodesic graphs and that the enhanced butterfly networks belong to this class. The study of such geodetic parameters in the structural models of parallel computation could be useful for the design of efficient algorithms for the structures considered.
Spectral-luminescence properties of PV corrolazines with axial alkoxide ligands
Authors: Lazovskiy Dmitriy A. , Danilenko Anton A. , Stuzhin Pavel A.
Published: September 2024

New phosphorus(V) complexes of octaphenyl substituted tetrapyrazinocorrolazines (TPyzCA) containing in the axial positions alkoxide ligands [TPyzCAP(OC2H4X)2] (X = Pr, NMe2, OH) were synthesized using the one-pot procedure and effect of acid on their spectral luminescence and photochemical properties was studied. The presence of fused pyrazine rings increases the ability to bind axial ligands compared to benzo-fused corrolazine (TBzCA). Excited state properties are strongly dependent on the solvation effects. The effect of excited state quenching by photoinduced electron transfer is observed only for the dimethylaminoethoxide complex of TPyzCA in polar solvents, like THF or DMSO. Still, it is absent in dichloromethane, toluene, and for TBzCA derivatives. The hydroxyethoxide complex of TPyzCA and dimethylaminoethoxide complex of TBzCA exhibit efficient fluorescence and high singlet oxygen generation ability in DMSO solution.
An Examination of Ultrasound Mid-air Haptics for Enhanced Material and Temperature Perception in Virtual Environments
Authors: Villa Steeven , Weiss Yannick , Hirsch Niklas , Wiethoff Alexander
Published: September 2024

Rendering realistic tactile sensations of virtual objects remains a challenge in VR. While haptic interfaces have advanced, particularly with phased arrays, their ability to create realistic object properties like state and temperature remains unclear. This study investigates the potential of Ultrasound Mid-air Haptics (UMH) for enhancing the perceived congruency of virtual objects. In a user study with 30 participants, we assessed how UMH impacts the perceived material state and temperature of virtual objects. We also analyzed EEG data to understand how participants integrate UMH information physiologically. Our results reveal that UMH significantly enhances the perceived congruency of virtual objects, particularly for solid objects, reducing the feeling of mismatch between visual and tactile feedback. Additionally, UMH consistently increases the perceived temperature of virtual objects. These findings offer valuable insights for haptic designers, demonstrating UMH's potential for creating more immersive tactile experiences in VR by addressing key limitations in current haptic technologies.
DIY Digital Interventions: Behaviour Change with Trigger-Action Programming
Authors: Scott Ava Elizabeth , Reicherts Leon , Purohit Aditya Kumar , Hossain Elahi , Stefanidi Evropi , Wagener Nadine , Schöning Johannes , Rogers Yvonne , Holzer Adrian
Published: September 2024

Whether it is sleep, diet, or procrastination, changing behaviours can be challenging. Individuals could design and build their own personalised digital interventions to help them reach their goals, but little is known about this process. Building upon previous research we propose the Behaviour Change with Trigger-Action Programming (BC-TAP) model which describes how individuals could bridge the gap between their current and desired behaviour through the creation of 'Do-It-Yourself' (DIY) digital interventions. We conducted a two-day participatory workshop based on the BC-TAP model with 28 participants. Participants articulated plans to change a behaviour of their choice and represented these plans in mobile device automations. After using their interventions for up to three weeks, participants reflected on their experience. Our findings report opportunities and challenges at each stage of the process. While formulating a digital proxy for certain behaviours was challenging, both failures and successes facilitated participants' awareness of their behaviour, and their ability to change it.
Exploring Design Opportunities for Improved Self-motivation in Self-tracking and Health Goal Achievement
Authors: Ong Elyssia Barrie H. , Samson Briane Paul V.
Published: September 2024

Self-tracking has grown in popularity over recent years, leading to a rise in users who monitor data for improving their health. However, decreasing self-motivation due to different user circumstances such as priorities, lifestyles, and habits affects how users conduct self-tracking in apps and hamper their progress towards achieving health goals. We investigated factors that contribute to increasing and maintaining self-motivation while self-tracking for health goals, as well as the potential applications of these factors in health apps. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 participants to gain insights into their self-tracking habits and health app usage. Our thematic analysis suggests that users value convenient self-tracking methods and seeing notable progress changes toward a health goal. These findings reveal design opportunities for streamlining app features, reframing progress indicators in data visualizations, and accommodating user priorities.
Revisiting Sentiment Analysis for Software Engineering in the Era of Large Language Models
Authors: Zhang Ting , Irsan Ivana Clairine , Thung Ferdian , Lo David
Published: September 2024

Software development involves collaborative interactions where stakeholders express opinions across various platforms. Recognizing the sentiments conveyed in these interactions is crucial for the effective development and ongoing maintenance of software systems. For software products, analyzing the sentiment of user feedback, e.g., reviews, comments, and forum posts can provide valuable insights into user satisfaction and areas for improvement. This can guide the development of future updates and features. However, accurately identifying sentiments in software engineering datasets remains challenging.

This study investigates bigger large language models (bLLMs) in addressing the labeled data shortage that hampers fine-tuned smaller large language models (sLLMs) in software engineering tasks. We conduct a comprehensive empirical study using five established datasets to assess three open source bLLMs in zero-shot and few-shot scenarios. Additionally, we compare them with fine-tuned sLLMs, using sLLMs to learn contextual embeddings of text from software platforms.

Our experimental findings demonstrate that bLLMs exhibit state-of-the-art performance on datasets marked by limited training data and imbalanced distributions. bLLMs can also achieve excellent performance under a zero-shot setting. However, when ample training data are available or the dataset exhibits a more balanced distribution, fine-tuned sLLMs can still achieve superior results.
Divide-and-Conquer: Automating Code Revisions via Localization-and-Revision
Authors: Wang Shangwen , Lin Bo , Chen Liqian , Mao Xiaoguang
Published: September 2024

Despite its effectiveness in ensuring software quality, code review remains a labor-intensive and time-consuming task. In order to alleviate this burden on developers, researchers have proposed the automation of code review activities, particularly focusing on automating code revisions. This automation can benefit both code authors, as they are relieved from the manual task of code revision, and code reviewers, as they are spared from addressing minor code flaws through manual comments. While current code revision approaches have shown promising results, they typically operate within a single phase, in which the code requiring revision is treated as the input of a deep learning model, and the revised code is directly generated through a sequence-to-sequence transformation. Consequently, these approaches tackle both the challenges of localization (i.e., where to revise) and revision (i.e., how to revise) simultaneously. Attempting to handle the entire complex process with a single model goes against the principle of “Divide-and-Conquer,” which encourages breaking down complex problems into smaller sub-problems and addressing them individually. In fact, we have observed that existing code revision approaches often yield inaccurate results in both the localization and revision phases. In this article, we present a two-phase code revision approach that aims to overcome the aforementioned limitations by adhering to the “Divide-and-Conquer” principle. Our approach comprises two key components: a localizer, responsible for identifying the specific parts of the input code that require revisions, and a reviser, tasked with generating the revised code based on the localization result. Extensive experiments conducted on two widely used datasets demonstrate the substantial superiority of our approach over existing code revision approaches. For instance, when revising code based on the code reviewer’s comments, our approach achieves a success rate of over 20% in implementing the ground-truth code revisions. In comparison, the widely used pre-trained model CodeT5 achieves a success rate of less than 16% on the same test set, which contains 16K+ cases.
Quantifying Radiology Residents’ Learning Curves in Report Writing Performance Through Report Comparison and Jaccard Similarity
Authors: Vosshenrich Jan , Guntli Carina , Cyriac Joshy , Segeroth Martin , Heye Tobias , Boll Daniel T.
Published: September 2024

Quantitative assessment of radiology reports showed that residents’ report writing quality significantly improved over the course of residency and may assist in tracking progress or understanding learning patterns.
Reproducibility of MRI Features for the Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Parnes Benjamin , Lewis Sara , Friedman Barak , King Michael , Kubiak Caroline , Ho Kara , Ali Kamran , Platt Samantha , Sharma Himanshu , Xiang Jackie , Doucette John , Zakashansky Konstantin , Taouli Bachir , Kamath Amita
Published: September 2024

MRI findings have limited reproducibility across different readers, necessitating more training and education on the subject, clarification on feature definitions, and consideration of double reading, expert consensus, or multidisciplinary interpretation.
Structural, Morphological, and Optoelectronic Properties of RF Sputtered AZO Thin Films on Glass and Polymer Substrates: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mendil Djelloul , Touam Tahar , Chelouche Azeddine , Djermoune Atmane , Boudaa Mokhtar , Challali Fatiha
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the thickness-dependent structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films deposited on glass and flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates via confocal magnetron sputtering. The film’s thickness ranged from 50 to 130 nm. X-ray diffraction results show that all AZO films on glass have better structural properties than those on PET. Furthermore, the (002) peak intensity and crystallite size on both substrates improved progressively with thickness. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images revealed that the film morphology and surface roughness are dependent on substrate and thickness. According to the UV–vis-NIR measurement results, the air-referenced transmittance spectra of films on PET were slightly lower than those on glass; however, compared to films on glass, the substrate-referenced transmittance of PET films was higher. Moreover, for both substrates, it is found that the bandgap of fabricated thin films decreases with thickness. Photoluminescence spectra show that for glass and PET substrates, the total luminescence of AZO decreases with increasing film thickness and that green and red emissions are absent from AZO films deposited on PET substrates. AZO films deposited on glass substrates exhibit superior electrical and optoelectronic characteristics.
Mental Fatigue Under the Thermoneutral Environment in Buildings: Effects of the Constant and Altered Workload Sequences
Authors: Zhu Hui , Ma Le , Zhang Fan , Yang Duo , Ukai Masanari , Hu Songtao
Published: September 2024

In order to explore the effects of constant and altered workload sequences on mental fatigue in a thermoneutral environment, experiments and surveys were carried out in this study. n‐back tasks were used to design different workload sequences. Fifteen healthy right‐handed males were required to experience three different workload sequences for 30 min, respectively, including a constant workload (2‐back task) and 2 altered workload sequences that contained an elevating workload sequence (1‐2‐3‐back tasks) and a reducing workload sequence (3‐2‐1‐back tasks). The PANAS, VAS‐F, and NASA‐TLX scales were selected to investigate changes in the mood, the perceived fatigue, and the perceived workload. Meanwhile, the skin temperature during these three workload sequences was continuously collected. Results from the NASA‐TLX scale indicated that no significant difference in total workload was observed among all three workload sequences. Meanwhile, results from the VAS‐F scale showed that no significant changes in self‐reported mental fatigue were observed among these three workload sequences, which meant that mental fatigue was only related to the total workload. However, self‐reported “energy” from the VAS‐F scale did not reduce significantly during the reducing workload sequence, which meant that the reducing workload sequence could conserve more “energy” than that of the elevating and constant workload sequences. Furthermore, both positive and negative moods changed significantly under the constant workload sequence (2‐back task), but they did not show much changes under altered workloads, which meant that the altered workload sequence could attenuate the mood deterioration. What is more, the mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, and the total workload increased significantly after both the constant workload and elevating workload sequence, but no significant changes in all these six items of the NASA‐TLX scale were observed under the reducing workload sequence. Finally, the mean skin temperature under the constant workload sequence was lower than that under the altered workload sequences (p > 0.05), but significant changes in skin temperature at the left hand and neck were only observed between the constant and reducing workload sequences. In conclusion, constant and altered workload sequences contributed equally to the mental fatigue in a thermoneutral environment, but the differences in workload sequence produced some differences in mood, energy, and mental demand, which would affect the working performance. Findings of this study provided implications for the proper planning, assignment, and management of tasks in real working settings.
Detection of Porcine–Human Reassortant and Zoonotic Group A Rotaviruses in Humans in Poland
Authors: Kozyra Iwona , Kocki Janusz , Rzeżutka Artur
Published: September 2024

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are widespread in humans and many animal species and represent the most epidemiologically important rotavirus group. The aim of the study was the identification of the genotype pattern of human RVA strains circulating in Poland, assessment of their phylogenetic relationships to pig RVAs and identification of reassortant and zoonotic virus strains. Human stool samples which were RVA positive (n = 166) were collected from children and adults at the age of 1 month to 74 years with symptoms of diarrhoea. Identification of the G and P genotypes of human RVAs as well as the complete genotype of reassortant and zoonotic virus strains was performed by the use of an RT‐PCR method. The G (G1–G4, G8 or G9) and/or P (P[4], P[6], P[8] or P[9]) genotypes were determined for 148 (89.2%) out of 166 RVA strains present in human stool. G1P[8] RVA strains prevailed, and G4P[8] (20.5%), G9P[8] (15.7%) and G2P[4] (13.3%) human RVA strains were also frequently identified. The full genome analysis of human G4P[6] as well as pig G1P[8] and G5P[6] RVAs revealed the occurrence of porcine–human reassortants and zoonotic RVAs. Detection of G4P[6] in pigs confirms their role as a reservoir of zoonotic RVAs.
Efficacy and Safety of Ertugliflozin Compared to Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kamrul-Hasan A. B. M. , Alam Muhammad Shah , Talukder Samir Kumar , Hannan Mohammad Abdul , Dutta Deep , Nagendra Lakshmi , Selim Shahjada
Published: September 2024

Background: No comprehensive meta‐analysis has evaluated the efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin compared to a placebo in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) until now. This meta‐analysis fills this gap in knowledge.

Methods: A systematic search was carried out in electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included patients with T2D receiving ertugliflozin in the treatment group and placebo in the control group. The change in HbA1c from the baseline values was the primary outcome, whereas changes in plasma glucose and other metabolic parameters and adverse events (AEs), including hypoglycemia, were the secondary outcomes.

Results: Seven RCTs involving 7283 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Ertugliflozin outperformed placebo in reducing HbA1c in both 5 mg (MD −0.62%, 95% CI [−0.80, −0.44], p < 0.00001, I2 = 91%) and 15 mg (MD −0.69%, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.47], p < 0.00001, I2 = 93%) doses. A higher proportion of patients achieved HbA1c < 7.0% with ertugliflozin than with placebo. Ertugliflozin was also superior to placebo in lowering fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body weight, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Ertugliflozin and placebo had comparable AE profiles, including urinary tract infection (UTI) and hypoglycemia, except for the greater risk of genital mycotic infections (GMIs) with ertugliflozin. Ertugliflozin 5 and 15 mg have equivalent efficacy and safety profiles except for greater weight reduction with ertugliflozin 15 mg.

Conclusion: Ertugliflozin has a good glycemic efficacy and a reassuring safety profile in managing T2D.

Trial Registration: Registration number: CRD42023456450.
The Evaluation for Expandable Applications of Tislelizumab in First‐Line Treatment for Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhu Yaning , Qu Jingya , Yang Tongfei , Hao Ruifang , Zhang Peng , Wang Pengchong
Published: September 2024

Programmed death receptor‐1 monoclonal antibodies (PD‐1 mAbs) have been applied in the treatment of different kinds of malignant tumors. However, a streamlined and expedited evaluation method for certain tumor types without approved indications is currently lacking in terms of their expandable applications. In this study, a novel evaluation method for the expandability of PD‐1 mAb was established for the first time. Clinical trial data of PD‐1 mAb in first‐line treatment for advanced gastric cancer were collected for comparison. For the first time, the clinical trial outcomes were analyzed through the entropy weight method and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate the effectiveness and safety. The accessibility was assessed using the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) standard survey method. Combining the results of effectiveness, safety, and accessibility, the recommendation for expandability of PD‐1 mAb was provided. Tislelizumab ranks seventh in effectiveness, higher than the chemotherapy group and the pembrolizumab group, and ranks fourth in safety evaluation and first in the combination chemotherapy groups. The annual drug cost of tislelizumab is 0.497 times the annual household income for urban residents of Shaanxi Province. 56.67% of medical institutions are equipped with tislelizumab in Shaanxi Province. These results indicate the promising efficacy and safety profile of tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy as a first‐line treatment option for advanced gastric cancer. Notably, tislelizumab emerges as a more accessible alternative to sintilimab and boasts greater affordability compared to nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Consequently, tislelizumab should be considered a viable option for expandable application in first‐line treatment of advanced gastric cancer, contingent upon clinical necessity.
COVID‐19‐Induced Refractory Symptomatic Hypocalcemia in a Patient With Parathyroid Gland Reimplantation
Authors: Tse Crystal , Yeung Ho-Man
Published: September 2024

Background: Several cases of severe hypocalcemia in the setting of COVID‐19 have been reported. The proposed mechanisms include direct viral interaction with ACE2 receptors in the parathyroid gland, viral chelation of calcium, worsening hypovitaminosis D, critical illness leading to unbound fatty acids binding calcium, and inflammatory cytokines leading to PTH resistance. Given the life‐threatening nature of hypocalcemia, this underrecognized phenomenon should be on the forefront of the clinician’s attention. This case highlights a rare manifestation of COVID‐19 and further complicated by the patient’s reimplanted parathyroid gland.

Presentation: A 73‐year‐old female with primary hyperparathyroidism status post parathyroidectomy with reimplantation in the left forearm presented with 4 days of viral syndrome, found to have tetany and Chvostek’s sign on physical exam. Pertinent laboratory abnormalities included calcium 5.3 mg/dL, ionized calcium 0.44 mmol/L, magnesium 1.4 mg/dL, phosphorous 5.5 mg/dL, PTH 242 pg/mL, and 25‐OH vitamin D 56 ng/mL. Chest CT revealed multifocal pneumonia consistent with positive COVID‐19 testing. She was subsequently admitted to the ICU for severe, symptomatic hypocalcemia and was initiated on a continuous calcium infusion, remdesivir, baricitinib, and steroids. Tetany resolved after 9 g calcium repletion, and she was transferred to the medical floor with an ionized calcium of 0.83 mmol/L. On hospital day 3, repeat ionized calcium was 0.78 mmol/L despite ongoing repletion. Given the persistence of hypocalcemia, a repeat PTH level was obtained which remained high at 487 pg/mL, suggesting ongoing PTH interference in the setting of COVID‐19. PTH was obtained from the right (nonimplanted) arm which was normal at 74 pg/mL. This indicated an appropriate PTH response from the reimplanted gland, and that ongoing hypocalcemia may be due to insufficient PTH function to maintain systemic calcium levels or a peripheral interference with PTH level. With continued calcium supplementation and treatment of COVID‐19, the patient’s calcium stabilized at 8.6 mg/dL. She was discharged on oral calcium supplementation with endocrinology follow‐up.

Conclusion: Acute hypocalcemia strongly correlates with a profound inflammatory response in COVID‐19 patients. This case corroborates the cytokine/PTH hypothesis. This patient had a high PTH sampled near the reimplanted gland but an inappropriately normal PTH from the nonimplanted arm, indicating that direct viral interaction interfering with PTH release is an unlikely mechanism. This case represents a scenario where PTH can be sampled directly from the source and this type of model could aid in the process of determining the etiology of hypocalcemia in COVID‐19.
Supplementary Table 7 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

Nalm-6 rMATS splicing output
Supplementary Table 11 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

MEC-1 DEG results
Supplementary Table 10 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

HG-3 DEG results
Supplementary Table 1 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

List of current SF3B1 mutant cell lines