bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences between left and right suboccipital and intracranial vertebral artery dimensions: an influence on blood flow to the hindbrain?
Authors: Mitchell Jeanette
Published: March 2006

Background and Purpose

Although vertebral artery (VA) blood flow is adequate in normal circumstances, reduction in the dimensions of the vessel because of atherosclerosis, or compression or stretching, may lead to hindbrain hypoxia with serious clinical manifestations. Such effects may be more pronounced in VAs that are naturally smaller than the norm. Because normative data for the suboccipital (VA3) and intracranial (VA4) vertebral artery are not readily available, it was the aim of the present study to measure the dimensions of these distal parts of the VA, to inform professional practice of the possible influence of different vessel dimensions on blood flow to the hindbrain.

Method

The study was a laboratory‐based observational or descriptive study. A total of 40 and 54 left and right, suboccipital and intracranial parts of the VA (n = 188 vessels), obtained from cadavers of females and males aged 20–80 years, was processed for light microscopic study and measurement of the dimensions of the vessels. The left and right inner and outer diameters, cross‐sectional areas and the tunica media thicknesses were calculated in each part of the vessel and compared by use of t‐tests.

Results

The histological structure of the VA was typical of a muscular or distributing artery. Although, in the total number of specimens, no statistically significant differences were found between left and right sides in either part of the vessel, a larger left than right VA4 was demonstrated in the females. The VA3 was significantly larger than VA4 in males and females, and all dimensions in both parts of the vessel were greatest in the older age group.

Conclusions

Reduced VA blood flow, whether because of atherosclerosis or compression or stretching of the vessel, is more likely to occur in arteries that are smaller than normal. This information is of value to clinicians in avoiding further compromising the VA and its blood flow during professional practice. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Pulmonary rehabilitation: analysis of a clinical service
Authors: Garrod Rachel , Ford Katie , Daly Cecilia , Hoareau Clare , Howard Michael , Simmonds Claire
Published: March 2006

Background and Purpose

There is significant research supporting the role of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, less is known about real‐life clinical rehabilitation services. Data were analysed from a clinical pulmonary rehabilitation service provided in the UK, consisting of seven weeks' twice‐weekly training and education.

Method

A retrospective study. Baseline measures consisted of activity of daily living, mood state, spirometry, exercise tolerance using theIncremental Shuttle Walk Test(ISWT) and health status using theSt George's Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ). Responders to pulmonary rehabilitation were defined as those with a mean reduction of four points on the SGRQ and a mean increase of 48 metres on the ISWT.

Results

One hundred and eight patients entered the programme and 91 completed it. All outcomes showed statistically and clinically significant change after the rehabilitation programme. Responder analysis showed that 37% of patients achieved benefits for both the SGRQ and the ISWT. Twenty‐eight per cent of patients were non‐responders for both; 17% benefited for the SGRO only and 14% improved their exercise tolerance. Patients with restrictive disease (n= 11) showed large mean ISWT score of 98.2 m (Standard deviation (SD) 69.4 m) (p<0.01), as did patients with moderate COPD (n= 30), who scored a mean ISWT change of 77.3 m (SD 92.0 m) (p< 0.01) and a SGRQ score of −7.6 (SD 13.7) (p< 0.01), and those with mild COPD (n= 12), who scored a mean ISWT change of 62.5 m (SD 87.4 m) (p<0.01) and a mean SGRQ change of −3.7 (SD 8.1) (p<0.01). Patients with severe COPD (n= 23) showed a smaller mean change in ISWT of 32.6 m (SD 79.4 m) and in SGRQ of −2.8 (SD 7.1). However, analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no statistical differences between the groups (p= 0.13).

Conclusions

Clinical pulmonary rehabilitation programmes are effective for most patients. However, for patients with more severe impairment, maximal gains may be harder, or take longer, to achieve. Patients with restrictive disease appear to do well, although future trials will be needed to test this supposition. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: increasing disability and exacerbation of symptoms with age
Authors: Partridge Cecily , Edwards Susan
Published: March 2006

Background

People with congenital conditions such as obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP), sometimes known as Erb's palsy, may experience adverse effects as a result of compensatory strategies adopted to achieve improved function. Anecdotal evidence suggests that problems do occur in adult life but little is known about the type and extent of problems experienced, nor whether they are similar to those with other conditions involving movement dysfunction.

Method

A survey of adults with OBPP to determine problems currently experienced. Subjects were members of the Erb's Palsy Group UK.

Results

Forms were sent to all adult members of the group (n = 61), and replies were received from 36 (59%). The majority of the sample reported many problems, including pain, impaired sensation, arthritis and limitation of function, which interfered with activities of daily living.

Conclusion

In the present small sample, most adults with OBPP reported experiencing many difficulties, some similar to those experienced by others with movement dysfunction. The topic warrants further investigation, both in terms of avoiding these problems where possible and, when complications occur, considering how they can best be managed. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Physiotherapy and spinal nerve root adhesion: a caution
Authors: Lewis Cynthia
Published: March 2006

Background and Purpose

The term ‘spinal neuropathic pain’ has been coined to describe the chronic neuropathic pain that results when spinal nerve roots are aggravated by scar tissue. (It is different from the pain of spinal cord injury.) Such patients have longstanding back and radicular pain (nerve root pain, predominantly in the limbs) caused by scar or inflammatory tissue around the nerve roots. The pathology of such patients' pain means that special consideration needs to be given to the fact that such adhesions compromise nerve biomechanics and that movement generates additional pain. Patients with such spinal neuropathic pain often do not do well from conventional physiotherapy. Exacerbation (flare‐up) frequently follows the exercise routines in common practice.

Method

Individual patient experience was collected from an internet support group, and the results were tabulated.

Results

All patients considered stretching, flexing and strenuous exercise to be harmful. A few reported that gentle exercise with instruction not to cause pain was beneficial. Some patients received advice not to do physiotherapy once they had been diagnosed with arachnoiditis.

Conclusions

The treatment of patients with spinal neuropathic pain warrants special consideration as far as physiotherapy is concerned: patients should only be prescribed gentle, individually tailored exercise. It is hoped the present small study will promote understanding and the development of better therapy. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Selective detection and identification of phosphopeptides by dansyl MS/MS/MS fragmentation
Authors: Amoresano Angela , Monti Gianluca , Cirulli Claudia , Marino Gennaro
Published: March 2006

Protein phosphorylation regulates many cellular processes and pathways, such as cell cycle progression, signal transduction cascades and gene expression. Selective detection of phosphopeptides from proteolytic digests is a challenging and highly relevant task in many proteomics applications. Often phosphopeptides are present in small amounts and need selective isolation or enrichment before identification. Here we report a novel approach to label selectively phospho‐Ser/‐Thr residues by exploiting the features of a novel linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Using dansyl labelling and MS3 fragmentation, we developed a method useful for the large‐scale proteomic profiling of phosphorylation sites. The new residues in the sequence were stable and easily identifiable under general conditions for tandem mass spectrometric sequencing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taijiquan as a spiritual practice
Authors: Lewis David
Published: March 2006

This article is based on the presentation entitled ‘Taijiquan as a Spiritual Practice’ given at the Spirituality and Health Conference at Wells, England in March 2001. The origin, purposes and lessons of Taijiquan (Tai Chi Ch'uan) are described and the relationship between Taiji and the Tao is explored with reference to the Tao Te Ching.

During the presentation part of the ‘Yang Cheng Fu’, Taiji Form was demonstrated and participants took part in Taiji walking. Both of these were used to illustrate, in a practical way, elements of the Tao Te Ching.

Physical, cognitive, emotional and spiritual lessons of the Form and Taiji are discussed, highlighting the aim of achieving oneness (integrality) with one's whole being (including the spirit and living in harmony with nature). Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The need for a new language of health and healing
Authors: Peters David
Published: March 2006

Despite Science's triumphs, Vitalism ‐ a philosophy rejected by Science ‐ remains alive and well, and this paper explores three reasons why this might be. The first is that the old certainties of Modern times are losing their hold on our imagination; the second that Biomedicine has not met important expectations; the third that Science may have reached a point where it can bridge the traditional chasm between vitalism and mechanism. I would even argue that Science is preparing the basis for a new Vitalism. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Spiritual care for chiildbirth ‐ is this the weakest link?
Authors: Hall Jennifer
Published: March 2006

Spiritual care in childbirth needs to be much more widely explored than it is at present. As a midwife and mother my aim is to encourage appropriate discussion and improve links between all professions involved in the care of women and their babies ultimately to improve this care, and better meet their needs. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The unquiet self and the search for peace
Authors: Powell Andrew
Published: March 2006

A personal perspective on meditation is offered. The interface of psychology and spirituality is explored. Meditation is not without its dangers and some pointers are given towards ensuring a beneficial experience. Copyright © 2002 Whurrr Publishers Ltd.
Varieties of religious dance
Authors: Hawkins John
Published: March 2006

With its popularity rising, confusion often arises when the term ‘sacred dance’ is used without qualification. Here, the author describes a number of distinct strands which have contributed to the current sacred and liturgical dance movements which have become so popular in and beyond the Christian church. The historical origins of such forms of dance and their relevance to health and well‐being are also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2002 Whurrr Publishers Ltd.
Reflections on the cosmic serpent
Authors: Wishart Paul M.
Published: March 2006

The author takes Jeremy Narby's1 recent publication as a source of reflection on the nature of healing, consciousness and awareness and how knowledge of these can be acquired. As a molecular biologist, the author was confronted with many challenges to his conventional world view when exploring (initially with some scepticism) Narby's research and experiences of working with the Ashaninca people of the Peruvian Amazon. What follows is a personal reflection on how knowledge and awareness can change when we have to face up to new possibilities which shatter our established way of looking at things. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The spirit of the age and the spirit of ageing
Authors: Hudson Rosalie
Published: March 2006

(Adapted from paper presented at 5th International Conference on Faith in Healing & Health Care Provision, St Martin's College, Lancaster, July 2002)

In a cultural milieu that prizes perfection over defects, fitness over frailty, youth over old age, what is the essence or the spirit of ageing? This paper draws a distinction between the ‘spirit of the age’ and the ‘spirit of ageing’ to concentrate on the transforming power of relationships and interdependence. The ‘false spirit of the age’ suggests that to age well is to be freed from deficits, dependency and imperfection, while the ‘true spirit of ageing’ suggests a more dialectical understanding. To flesh out this ‘spirit’, two examples from residential aged care are offered and the notion of narrative is highlighted, indicating that our life is formed in community, not in isolation. Christian Trinitarian theology reminds us we are called into relationship, we are blessed by the spirit and grace of God who calls us to enjoy our full humanity at every stage of our created existence. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
“…Even if we do not yet know how to measure it…”
Authors: Gerrard Stan
Published: March 2006

“It is probably inadvisable to mention love, God or compassion in caring work — you may find yourself ignored, mocked or referred for a psychiatric opinion”1 is probably very good advice in a culture of political correctness. However, disposing of the mind— body “problem” by ignoring it is not going to make it go away. Hence there is need to, at the very least, address the issue — if it is an issue — or even allow for recognition of what has stood the test of time. The author, who works as a healer, has dealt with many patients and conditions over the years and believes we should not ignore what cannot easlily be measured. Even if we do not understand how it works — even if we do not yet know how to measure it — where the effects and benefits are measurable — let's measure them — for our own good — and those whom we serve! Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The therapeutic use of labyrinths
Authors: Fisher Maggie
Published: March 2006

Labyrinths are ancient sacred spaces. A labyrinth is a single winding path which has been used by many cultures and religions throughout history as a decorative symbol on coins pottery and floors, as roads along which the dead were taken to burial sites, as a path walked to ensure good fishing catches, to protect from evil forces envisaged as wolves and trolls, in courtship rituals, to enable focusing and meditation and prayer.

This paper reflects upon their history. It considers the use of finger labyrinths as a tool in psychotherapy and offers some brief case illustrations. Finger labyrinths are small hand held designs, using the pattern identical to the full scale models. They are usually carved in wood, with a groove to mark out the path so that it can be followed with the eyes closed and using a finger to trace it. Grooved labyrinths dating back to Neolithic times, have been found carved on rocks. Labyrinths marked out on the land or in buildings such as cathedrals, are large enough to be walked. Some are a few metres across, others may be very large, covering several acres. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Healing and meditation
Authors: Stevens Gretchen
Published: March 2006

This paper is a continuation of an earlier discussion on the theme of healing published in the last issue of Sacred Space1. It is based on lectures given at the Healing and Meditation conference, organised by the World Community for Christian Meditation held at Worth Abbey in the UK in 2002. This is very much a personal account of involvement in healing work, and reinforces the need for humility and mystery in healing. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Civil war and the world trade center: violence, sacrifice and sacred remembrance
Authors: Stigliano Tony
Published: March 2006

The tenuous and difficult relationship between modernity and the sacred is examined in this paper through the use of two historical examples. One, the battle of Gettysburg, hallowed and assimilated into the American tradition, took place before the forces of capitalism and technology had transformed American Christianity and civic republicanism into psychotherapy and bureaucratic rationality. Lincoln's recasting the battle as a consecration crystallised a moral responsibility that permanently bound his nation over to the task of equality. The second example, the World Trade Center attack, is still raw in our memory. The violence and horror of that day returns us again to sacrifice as the path to the sacred. We are no longer merely “inward” focussed individuals working within rational rules or the marketplace because of that sacrifice. We experience ourselves as an identity, a destiny and a shared meaning. This comparison uncovers the disturbing presence of violence in the sacred. We use Georges Bataille's definition of sacred as sacrifice that ruptures an oppressive continuity establishing clarity and intimacy with the divine; the sacred is the unhealed wound that calls, perhaps unheeded, for redemption. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Emancipatory reflective practice for overcoming complexities and constraints in holistic health care
Authors: Taylor Bev
Published: March 2006

This article describes emancipatory reflection designed to assist practitioners providing holistic health care to overcome complexities and constraints in a health care system geared towards orthodox services. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Sacred space: self healing in the sandtray
Authors: Frame Phyllis
Published: March 2006

Many therapists today are using the sand tray as a dynamic tool in psychological understanding and healing with their clients. It is a powerful catalyst for inner change. This paper describes the origins of the sand tray and its uses and special benefits. The process of building a world in a sand tray offers the individual a safe space in which inner psychological states can be experienced, and the miniatures, animals and other objects become a living expression of self. Inner conflicts, trauma, current and core issues can be addressed, and often a connection to spirit or higher self can be made. Four case studies are presented to illustrate the power and healing that can be experienced over time when the sacred space of the sand tray is entered. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A conversation with Dina Glouberman
Authors: Glouberman Dina
Published: March 2006

Dina Glouberman, Ph.D. is the co‐founder/director since 1979 of Skyros holistic holidays in Greece and in Thailand, and an international lecturer and trainer. She is also the bestselling author of The Joy of Burnout : How the end of the world can be a new beginning (Hodder Mobius) (reviewed in the last issue of Sacred Space), and of Life Choices, Life Changes: Develop your personal vision with Imagework (Hodder Mobius). Skyros was reviewed by Jane Salvage in issue 2 of volume 3 of Sacred Space. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Balancing act: bach flower remedies and the seven gates of soul awareness
Authors: Mack Gaye F.
Published: March 2006

Faith or fear? How we respond to our external environment depends on the emotional and energetic patterns rooted in our Chakras, our seven sacred gates. As spirit in body, our soul constantly pushes us toward harmony within and amongst these centres, bringing them into full expansion. This, then, can lead to balance between the need for connection and courage, choice and resilience, self‐love, unconditional love, voice, insight and faith.

The emotional imprints of our chakras are excellent maps for discovering unexplored territory. Working with these images, we find that the chakras can intensify and expand, leading us toward soul awareness.

As healing tools, Bach Flower Remedies have a powerful and unique and synergistic rapport with the patterns of our chakras and their energy is invaluable in assisting us in this challenging work. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Julian of Norwich ‐ her relevance to healing today
Authors: Grange John M.
Published: March 2006

In the 14th century, Julian of Norwich had a series of intense visions which, after many years' contemplation and reflection, she put down on paper in her book ‘Revelations of Divine Love’. Her teaching is based on a very simple formula — God is all wisdom and all power and all love. Therefore, even if things seem very dark, all is going according to plan towards an ultimate fulfilment. Hence, Julian's most famous statement “All shall be well, and all shall be well, and all manner of things shall be well”. It is our spiritual blindness that prevents us from realising this great truth. Sin and suffering appear unavoidable yet they have no abiding substance as they will ultimately be transmuted into a great good. Julian is remarkable for her very modern psychological insights. Thus she sees the wrath of God as being a projection of our own anger on to God who, she states, never shows anger as he is fully satisfied with the integrity of his creation. She has much to say about the ‘super‐ego’, that part of our soul which is incapable of sin and she stresses the need for us to come, through contemplation, to know our true natures. Julian puts great emphasis on joy — indeed she introduced the word ‘enjoyment’ into the English language. She also, like St. Paul, affirms that the joys awaiting us will make our present suffering pale into insignificance. Her theology is of particular relevance to humanity at this troubled stage in our history and offers a foundation for healing in the truly holistic sense. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Organisation Report: Reiki at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Authors: Mills Jeri
Published: March 2006

Since I wrote my book many people have asked me about developing Reiki programs in their local hospitals in the USA. In most cases they have already made a phone call or sent a letter extolling the virtues of Reiki to the hospital administrator, and have offered to start a Reiki program in the hospital. If the request was denied, the person became frustrated, assumed there was a closed minded attitude at the local institution and gave up. This report sets about describing the long, complicated process that ultimately led to the introduction of Reiki at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. It is hoped that this account will help people to understand how these programs evolve in most large institutions, and perhaps encourage confidence and fortitude to move through the channels that will allow them to bring Reiki into their local hospitals. The reports seeks to illustrate the benefits of a collaborative approach in a cancer center offering physical, social, psychological and spiritual support. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The Enneagram ‐ a means to psychological and spiriutual awareness
Authors: Sayre‐Adams Jean
Published: March 2006

The use of the Enneagram for psychological and spiritual growth has increased enormously in the past two decades. First used in Jesuit retreat centres in the US, it soon spread to other spiritual centres throughout the US and Britain. The profound impact of using the nine personality types to understand self and others is now being used by businesses, therapists, and in health care settings. Even though people now sit around the table and discusses their type with others in ordinary conversation, much as we might talk about our astrology signs, the Enneagram is much deeper and more complex. It shows us a way to awakening and remembering that we are aspects of the Divine. At its deepest level the Enneagram, as taught by Riso and Hudson, show us a path for personal and spiritual evolution. This paper explores the origin of the Enneagram, the Enneagram types and how they respond when under stress and when moving towards wholeness. It emphasises the Levels of Development and ways in which we can personally grow as identified by Riso. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The relationship between clinical leadership and spirituality in a health service clinical setting
Authors: Bennett Jill
Published: March 2006

This report uses a critical incidence type approach to investigate the nature of clinical leadership in relation to spirituality in a UK National Health Service (NHS) clinical setting. The report is qualitative, using reflection and highlighting self‐awareness as effective learning tools. It uses the concepts of transformational leadership and other models of leadership, and also the normative ‐ re‐educative approach to change to examine approaches to acknowledging and enhancing spiritual care. Attention is focused on the concepts of the inner and outer journey, and the relevance of the shamanic view of leadership and power. The nature of spirituality, spiritual care within a health care setting, and barriers around spiritual care for nurses are discussed in the context of the unit. Findings suggest: that inappropriate “top down” leadership styles can hamper progress; that leaders need also to attend to their inner processes to be effective; and that the nature of spirituality make it a difficult area to approach but a potentially valuable one for nurses, and patients. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Meaning in life and faith after death
Authors: Norbury Eric
Published: March 2006

Everyone has a story to tell, none more so than after experiencing an incomprehensible loss. Sudden or unexpected death on a Coronary Care Unit (CCU) can be one such loss. Relatives of seven patients who died told me their amazing stories during my research, ‘Sudden Bereavement in a Coronary Care Unit: A Phenomenological Study’. This report is not so much about the research process, but about the stories that emerged about those suddenly bereaved and their loved ones, who died on the CCU. I am the researcher, but I am also a nurse. I did not just want to carry out a piece of research for academic purposes, I wanted to gain an insight into a bereaved person's world, to try to learn what they are experiencing, and also to explore how they find meaning in their lives after the death of a loved one. Those who were bereaved and the stories they told me, touched me more than I could have ever imagined. More than as a researcher, more than as a nurse, they touched me as a person and they left me forever changed. This is my story too. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A conversation with Neil Douglas‐Klotz
Authors: Douglas‐Klotz Neil
Published: March 2006

Neil Douglas‐Klotz is co‐chair of the Mysticism Group of the American Academy of Religion (www.eial.org/AARMysticismHome.htm) and co‐directs the Edinburgh Institute for Advanced Learning in Edinburgh, Scotland. He is an independent scholar of religious studies, spirituality and psychology, and is the author of several books, including Prayers of the Cosmos (Harper, 1990), Desert Wisdom (HarperCollins, 1995), The Hidden Gospel (Quest, 1999), The Genesis Meditations: A Shared Practice of Peace for Christians, Jews and Muslims (Quest, 2003) and a re‐edited edition of Lex Hixon's Heart of the Qur'an (Quest, 2003). He holds a PhD in religious studies and psychology from Union Institute University and taught these subjects for 10 years at Holy Names College in California. He has followed the practices of the Sufi path since 1976 and was recognized as a senior teacher (murshid) in this tradition in 1993. He sits on the Advisory Board of the International Association of Sufism. Full information about his publications and lectures worldwide can be found at www.abwoon.com. News of the Edinburgh Institute for Advanced Learning can be found at www.eial.org. The Hidden Gospel and The Genesis Meditations are reviewed in this issue. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Therapeutic touch and dementia care: a tentative journey
Authors: Doherty Donna
Published: March 2006

This article is a report of a research project examining the effectiveness of an approach to healing known as Therapeutic Touch (TT) in dementia care. TT is widely used but has been little researched in the field of dementia, and the study also aimed to explore the impact of TT on staff who learned the technique. Touch is considered to be a core aspect of giving care, a primary means by which people can feel connected to others, and loved and valued. Using touch to help and heal has been at the core of many religious and spiritual traditions. Touch is a way of communicating when all else may fail, and the use of touch in the context of TT requires the compassionate presence of the practitioner, with the intention focused on the wellbeing and healing of the other. The study indicates benefits to both patients and practitioners from TT. An explanation of the study methodology, results and conclusions are provided in this summary. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
There is no ‘other’ – reflections on service and connection
Authors: Francis Darling David
Published: March 2006

The following is an edited version of the sermon given at the act of worship for the Royal College of Nursing Congress in April 2003. The congress is the largest annual gathering of nurses in the UK and the RCN is the largest professional nursing organization in the world, with more than 350,000 members. The author reflects on the meaning of Jesus' interaction with the lawyer who came to ‘test’ him, and what Jesus was trying to teach about the essence of being a neighbour, through his parable of the Good Samaritan. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Energetics of the not ordinarily encountered
Authors: Hemsley Martin , Glass Nel
Published: March 2006

Stories of healing gathered during a recent interpretive research study into the lived experience of nurse healers are revealed in this article to give health professionals strong pictures of how nurse healers experience being “channels for” healing. The philosophical precepts underpinning interpretive science are outlined to support the use of storytelling as a valid and compelling research method in health care practices. It is therefore asserted that nurse healers' stories can offer inspiration to nurses and other health professionals who may be wishing to expand into the healing realms of caring practice. Further, the authors believe nurse healers can also contribute to an accepting climate in the profession where they may openly celebrate their stories. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A plea to care
Authors: Disley Di , McCormack Brendan
Published: March 2006

This paper explores experiences of caring and uncaring in nursing. The paper will begin with an exploration of caring, the meaning of therapeutic caring and one of the author's experiences (Di) of developing therapeutic caring qualities in her nursing practice. Therapeutic caring is viewed in this paper as an interpersonal therapeutic process that promotes health and well being. The paper will describe two caring encounters — the first outlines an experience of therapeutic caring with a particular patient as an illustration of caring in action. The second is an account of Di's experience as a patient and a reflection on how this differed from the practice she had been developing as a nurse. The work of Halldorsdottir et al [Halldórsdottir S. E. and Hamrin E. (1997) “Caring and uncaring encounters within nursing and healthcare from the cancer patient's perspective”. Cancer Nursing, 202 120–128.] is used to frame the reflections on these contrasting experiences and issues of competence, incompetence and the impact of ‘discouraging experiences’ on patients will be articulated. Reflections on these experiences will serve to further illustrate the impact of uncaring practices as described by Halldorsdottir. It will be concluded that uncaring practices in the nurse patient relationship are more damaging than technical incompetence because of the way they can make or break the caring moment. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The turning of the modern
Authors: Stigliano Tony
Published: March 2006

“Modernity” is a term understood to mean the secularisation of space, in particular, it means the replacement of the sacred by the social and the political. “Sacred” spaces since the 19th century are the geographic memory of the formation of national identity. Nevertheless, the “sacred” as the timeless encounter with the divine remains a possibility. Modernity's reduction of faith to personal experience is the product of secularisation. But the “personal” is too narrow a cage (in Weber's sense) and, given the foundation of the modern on doubt (in Descartes' sense), the original modern rational project begins to break up. The sacred is found in the rupture created by modernity's critical failure to ground itself in certainty. The sacred also shows up as redemption through resistance to the world as commodity. The fragmentation and loss of modernity becomes the condition for the re‐emergence of the sacred as an opening for its public celebration. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A new perspective on health
Authors: Wood Beryl
Published: March 2006

This paper reports on a higher degree research study to explore the potential of the mental image as a means for defining personal health. Since the 1970s, the use of the mental image as a tool for exploring the lay symbology of sickness and social issues has gained considerable importance in medical and social science. In these fields, however, the idea of a personal health image has not been researched. This paper introduces a new initiative in image research for observing the health image. The data from forty six images by twenty three participants was analysed using conventional comparative content and thematic approaches. Results suggested that these approaches deter observation of the health image. Subsequently, the data from twenty images by two participant's was analysed using a composite contextual and structural approach. Results suggested that this approach was conducive to identifying and differentiating the health image from images of sickness and social issues and that, unlike such images, the health image did not appear to be affected by the events of the moment. In this respect, the health image revealed the dominant qualities of an archetype, and the recurring characteristics of a model. This further suggested that a health image is also an image model of personal health and, as such, has pertinent implications for understanding the impact of health care interventions, especially in image therapy. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
An XPS study of the reduction process of CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 catalysts obtained from hydroxycarbonate precursors
Authors: Moretti G. , Ferraris G. , Fierro G. , Lo Jacono M.
Published: March 2006

CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 catalysts with different Cu/Zn/Al atomic ratios were obtained by thermal decomposition of hydroxycarbonate precursors. The hydroxycarbonate precursors, prepared by coprecipitation at pH = 8, depending on the Cu/Zn/Al atomic ratios contain malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2, zincian‐malachite Cu2−xZnxCO3(OH)2, aurichalcite Zn5−xCux(CO3)2(OH)6, hydrozincite Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6, and an hydrotalcite‐like: Cu6−xZnxAl2(CO3)2(OH)16. Upon calcination, well interdispersed oxidic phases are obtained. In the ternary Cu/Zn/Al catalysts, the aluminium‐containing phase was found to be amorphous and, regardless of the composition, only CuO and ZnO oxides are identified by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The reduction process in H2 was studied by XPS and XAES. The reduction of the Cu(II) species leads to the formation of both Cu(I) (Cu2O) and Cu(0) species. The reduction process is much slower for the alumina‐containing samples compared to the binary CuO/ZnO specimen. Alumina and ZnO play an important role in the stabilization of Cu(II) and Cu(I) chemical states at low temperature. Upon reduction at high temperature, alumina plays a key role by preventing the sintering process of the Cu(0) particles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA immobilization using biocompatible diblock phosphorylcholine copolymers
Authors: Zhao Xiubo , Zhang Zhuoqi , Pan Fang , Ma Yinghua , Armes Steve P. , Lewis Andrew L. , Lu Jian R.
Published: March 2006

In this work, we examined the immobilization of bioactive Luciferase plasmid DNA (Luc) and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) onto a biocompatible diblock copolymer preadsorbed at the hydrophilic silicon oxide/water interface using spectroscopic ellipsometry. We found that the amount of DNA immobilized was determined by the charge ratio between the cationic copolymer and the anionic DNA and that there was little measurable difference arising from the different DNA types and their molecular sizes. For comparison, we also examined the adsorption of premixed polymer/DNA complexes onto the silicon oxide/solution interface. We found that in this case the amount of DNA immobilized onto the surface was dictated by the electrostatic interaction between the substrate surface and the copolymer/DNA complex. When the copolymer was in excess, the amount of DNA immobilized was determined by the competitive process of interfacial adsorption between the free copolymer and the complex. Our results thus demonstrated that DNA molecules could be immobilized differently onto the support surface via electrostatic interactions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of a HfO2/SiO2/Si system by X‐ray reflection and X‐ray emission spectroscopies
Authors: André J.‐M. , Filatova E. O. , Renault O. , Damlencourt J.‐F. , Martin F. , Jonnard P.
Published: March 2006

X‐ray reflection spectroscopy (XRS) and X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) were used to characterize a HfO2/SiO2/Si system. XRS performed at different glancing angles around the O K absorption edge and analysed with Kramers–Kronig transform (KKT) enabled the depth profilometry of the sample and provided information on the local physico‐chemical environment of the oxygen atoms. The physico‐chemical state of silicon atoms present in the HfO2/SiO2/Si system was studied by XES induced by electrons. From the analysis of the Si 3p occupied valence states, the very thin oxide interfacial layer was characterized. From the simulation of the spectra and the calculation of the emissive thicknesses, the silicon oxide thickness was determined to be one or two monolayers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrinsic and extrinsic excitations in deep core photoelectron spectra of solid Ge
Authors: Kövér L. , Novák M. , Egri S. , Cserny I. , Berényi Z. , Tóth J. , Varga D. , Drube W. , Yubero F. , Tougaard S. , Werner W. S. M.
Published: March 2006

In the quantitative analysis of buried interfaces or the exploration of local electronic structures around component atoms in bulk solids, spectroscopy of transitions in the deep atomic core has an increasingly significant role to play. A key issue in understanding the deep core photoelectron spectra is the identification and separation of the contributions that are attributable to different excitations leading to loss of energy of the emitted photoelectrons. In this work, Ge 1s and 2s photoelectron spectra are analyzed using various models to interpret the measured spectral shapes. A detailed comparison of the results derived from the different approaches is presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of ultra low energy (ULE) SIMS to emerging diamond technologies
Authors: Guzmán de la Mata B. , Dowsett M. G. , Tajani A. , Schwitters M.
Published: March 2006

We report ultra low energy secondary ion mass spectrometry (ULE‐SIMS) analysis of a single crystal boron delta–doped diamond layer with normal incidence O2+ beam at incident energies of 300 eV, 500 eV and 1 keV. The diamond layer was epitaxially grown using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on a synthetic single crystal diamond substrate grown using a high‐temperature, high‐pressure technique. The good crystalline quality of the homoepitaxal boron delta–doped layer has allowed the study of the ULE‐SIMS measurement process.

In contrast to the case of silicon, the transient effects on the sputter yield are very weak: we obtained a differential shift of 0.6 nm/keV—smaller than the depth measurement uncertainty (i.e. the initial erosion rate is marginally slower).

The boron ion yield is independent of the incident energy and the decay length is almost so (3.0, 3.1 and 3.5 nm for 300 eV, 500 eV and 1 keV respectively), reflecting a good depth resolution possibly limited by sample structure.

The erosion rate is energy independent over a wide range, but carbon ion yields are both energy and boron concentration dependent for high boron concentrations, proportional to (YB+)0.85. For this reason, care is needed with the boron quantification when the boron content is high. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the spin polarization of secondary electrons emitted from ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Sun X. , Ding Z. J. , Yamauchi Y.
Published: March 2006

A Monte Carlo model has been developed to study the spin polarization of secondary electrons emitted from magnetic materials. The spin direction of the generated secondary electrons is considered, and the spin‐dependent inelastic mean free paths for spin‐up and spin‐down electrons are introduced to trace the secondary electrons in the simulation. Good agreement with respect to the energy distribution, including the enhancement at low energy and fine structure at higher energies in the secondary electron energy regime, can be found between the simulated polarization and the experimental data. The simulated primary energy dependence of the spin polarization is also found to agree reasonably well with the experimental data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of sol–gel crystalline V2O5 thin films after Li intercalation cycling
Authors: Alamarguy D. , Castle J. E. , Ibris N. , Salvi A. M.
Published: March 2006

Thin sol–gel V2O5 films were examined before and after lithium electrochemical intercalation/de‐intercalation cycles. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for surface characterisation, while microstructure and morphological characteristics were studied by atomic force and electron microscopies (AFM, SEM and TEM). Microscopy showed the film, as prepared, to be highly crystalline, having a layered structure and spectroscopy showed good stoichiometry and few impurities. Electrochemical cycling and rinsing for analysis leads, eventually, to porosity and decrease in film thickness, probably through degradation of grain boundaries. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of intercalated lithium in V2O5 thin films determined by SIMS depth profiling
Authors: Alamarguy D. , Castle J. E. , Liberatore M. , Decker F.
Published: March 2006

The distribution of Li in the V2O5 films was determined before and after intercalation/deintercalation electrochemical cycles by time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF‐SIMS) depth profiling. On deintercalation most of the inserted Li is removed except in the vicinity of the interface with the fluorine‐substituted tin oxide, used as a conducting substrate. More surprisingly, Li was also found in the interface region of the part of the film that has not been immersed in the electrolyte and that had thus not been electrochemically controlled. This finding suggests that Li diffuses through the interface, in the plane of the electrode surface, during intercalation of the main body of the film. The SIMS results have been confirmed by proton beam analysis using the nuclear reaction between H and Li to produce characteristic alpha particles that reveal the distribution of Li, both inside and outside the electrochemically treated area of the electrode. The energy loss of the alpha particles on their way through the sample to the detector also reveals the Li concentration distribution inside the V2O5 films. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovering the past from surfaces and interfaces: experimental and cultural issues
Authors: Paparazzo E.
Published: March 2006

Surface science studies have substantially advanced our knowledge of the physico‐chemical characteristics of archaeomaterials and of the modifications produced on them by their surroundings. In the present paper, some experimental aspects encountered in XPS and AES analyses of archaeomaterials will be reviewed, including some cases for which the surface (of Roman bronze) and the interface (of Roman lead pipes) are themselves a source of archaeological evidence. The views on surfaces, as discussed by philosophers, writers and artists, from antiquity up to this day will then be discussed. It will be shown that the account of Pliny the Elder on the surface oxidation of metal surfaces was influenced by the views of the Stoic philosopher Posidonius, and this will be discussed in the light of XPS and AES spectra recorded on relevant surfaces. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Auger parameter studies of third‐row chemical elements
Authors: Moretti Giuliano , Paparazzo Ernesto
Published: March 2006

The Auger parameter (AP) studies available in the literature are usually based on Auger transitions involving only core‐level electrons. In this paper, besides the usual AP − α*Z = [BE(2p)] + [KE(KL23L23)], (Z = third‐row chemical elements)—we also considered the AP involving core–valence–valence Auger transitions − γ*Z = [BE(2p)] + [KE(L23VV)]. The chemical shifts for γ* between Al0 and Al2O3 and between Si0 and SiO2 are more than twice that for α*, whereas the difference in such chemical shifts progressively decreases with increasing Z. While the inelastic mean free path (λ) associated with α* spans the range ∼2.5–4.5 nm, γ* relates to a much more surface‐specific analysis, i.e. 0.5 < λ < 2.5 nm. We discuss the diagnostic potential of γ* and outline its advantages and shortcomings in the surface and interface analysis of materials. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the metal nature (Ni, Cu, Mg) on the surface acid–base properties of mixed oxides elaborated from LDH
Authors: Dussault L. , Dupin J. C. , Martinez H. , Dumitriu E. , Auroux A. , Guimon C.
Published: March 2006

Lamellar double hydroxides with different proportions of Ni, Cu, Mg and Al were prepared and calcined at 723 K to obtain mixed oxides with acid–base and redox properties. The acidic and basic sites of the surface of these catalysts were characterized by adsorption microcalorimetry, XPS coupled with adsorption experiments and catalytic conversion of cyclohexanol. The adsorption experiments were performed with NH3 for the characterization of the acidic sites and with SO2 for that of the basic sites. The acidic sites are relatively weak and heterogeneous and of Lewis type. On the contrary, the basic sites are strong and homogeneous and of Brönsted (mainly) and Lewis type. The acidity and the basicity increase with the ratio Ni/Cu, whereas the basicity decreases with increasing Mg/Al. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation between electrochemical reactivity and surface chemistry of amorphous carbon nitride films
Authors: Cachet H. , Debiemme‐Chouvy C. , Deslouis C. , Lagrini A. , Vivier V.
Published: March 2006

Amorphous carbon nitride (a‐CNx) films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering technique display a moderate electrochemical reactivity. However, after electrochemical activation by a cathodic pretreatment in acidic solution, they exhibit a quasimetallic behavior. This behavior has been notably assessed by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The approach curves show that the a‐CNx electrode surfaces are made of active and inactive domains. These surfaces have also been characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and XPS. AFM shows that the a‐CNx surface roughness remains very low after the activation treatment. XPS analyses indicate that the electrochemical activation of the a‐CNx materials is associated with a decrease in the number of superficial nitrogen atoms involved in sp3 CN bonds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.