bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inorganic/Organic Multilayer Capsule Composition for Improved Functionality and External Triggering
Authors: Timin Alexander S. , Gao Hui , Voronin Denis V. , Gorin Dmitry A. , Sukhorukov Gleb B.
Published: August 2016

Polyelectrolyte (PE) and nanocomposite (NC) microcapsules fabricated by layer‐by‐layer technique have been of great interest in the past decade as novel entities for cargo encapsulation and delivery as well as for diagnostic purposes. The unique physicochemical properties of polymers and inorganic nanoparticles used in layer‐by‐layer synthesis of PE and NC microcapsules make them promising in various fields, such as storage, catalysis, cells imaging, controlled drug release, and targeted drug delivery. However, the requirement of the cargo encapsulation is that the cargo should have a relatively large molecular weight in order to avoid the leakage from the capsules. In this review, recent progress in the design and functionalization of PE and NC microcapsules using sol–gel method for storage of small cargos have been presented. Moreover, various remote exposures on the permeability of organic/inorganic composite microcapsule shells such as ultrasound, magnetic field gradient, laser, and microwave radiation have been observed. Finally, the description and discussion of the new trends and perspectives for improved functionality of PE microcapsules are the major topic of this progress report.
Biomimetic Construction of Non‐Iridescent Structural Color Films with High Hydrophobicity and Good Mechanical Stability Induced by Chaotic Convective Coassembly Method
Authors: Meng Yao , Tang Bingtao , Cui Junshuo , Wu Suli , Ju Benzhi , Zhang Shufen
Published: August 2016

This article presents an originative strategy to biomimetically construct non‐iridescent structural color films with high hydrophobicity and good mechanical stability. In this strategy, the amorphous array of polystyrene (PS) particles is easily fabricated via a simple chaotic convective flow coassembly method to imitate the amorphous nanostructures of avian feathers. An amorphous array is locked by introducing fluorinated polyacrylate (FPA) latex to the voids between the PS particles as binder, which is similar to the locking effect of an organism of a bird's wing. Meanwhile, the high hydrophobicity (140° contact angle) and good mechanical stability of the films are obtained owing to hydrophobicity of FPA and high roughness of the amorphous array. The as‐prepared films retain their brilliant colors under natural light, and this property is essential for their applications in full‐color displays and responsive materials.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Amorphous TiO2 on Carbon Nanotube Networks and Their Superior Li and Na Ion Storage Properties
Authors: Wang Huanwen , Jia Guichong , Guo Yuanyuan , Zhang Yongqi , Geng Hongbo , Xu Jing , Mai Wenjie , Yan Qingyu , Fan Hong Jin
Published: August 2016

Titanium dioxide is a promising anode material for lithium and sodium‐ion batteries (LIBs, SIBs). Current research of TiO2 is mainly focused on the crystalline phase (anatase or rutile) with a battery‐like diffusion mechanism. In the present work, it is aimed to demonstrate the advantages of amorphous titanium dioxide over crystalline ones for both Li and Na ion batteries. Amorphous TiO2 thin layers of different thicknesses are deposited on carbon nanotube (CNT) network/carbon fiber paper (CFP) substrates, forming the double‐walled TiO2@CNT nanotubes. For comparison, the as‐obtained amorphous TiO2@CNT/CFP samples are annealed to achieve anatase TiO2. It is shown that, as an anode of LIBs, the amorphous TiO2 shows better performance than the anatase one in terms of specific capacity, rate capacity, as well as cycling performance. The difference in the electrochemical property stems from their different charge‐storage mechanisms; different from the diffusion‐limited process in crystalline TiO2, the amorphous TiO2 stores charges via a fast surface‐controlled capacitive process similar to the orthorhombic Nb2O5. Moreover, the amorphous TiO2@CNT/CFP electrodes are also confirmed to be suitable for SIBs.
Biaxial Strain and Electric Field Dependent Conductivity of Monolayer WTe2 on Top of Fe3O4(111)
Authors: Song Yan , Mi Wenbo , Wang Xiaocha
Published: August 2016

The biaxial strain and electric field dependent electronic properties of monolayer WTe2 on top of Fe3O4(111) are investigated by first‐principles calculations. Our results demonstrate that mechanical strain effectively separates the contributions of interface state and valley states to the conductivity of monolayer WTe2. Tensile strain shifts the interface state below Fermi level. The conductivity of WTe2 is dominated by valley states. With compressive strain, the interface state is shifted away from the valley state edge. The conductivity is only subject to the spin‐polarized interface state. Applying perpendicular electric field also yields valley‐state‐dominating conductivity. The valley splitting energy reduces from 139 to −68 meV with an electric field of 0.02 V nm−1. Different from applying strain, valley polarization is robust against wide range of electric field intensity, showing potential applications in spintronic and valleytronic devices.
Tunable Graphene Metasurfaces with Gradient Features by Self‐Assembly‐Based Moiré Nanosphere Lithography
Authors: Wu Zilong , Li Wei , Yogeesh Maruthi Nagavalli , Jung Seungyong , Lee Alvin Lynghi , McNicholas Kyle , Briggs Andrew , Bank Seth R. , Belkin Mikhail A. , Akinwande Deji , Zheng Yuebing
Published: August 2016

Patterned arrays of graphene nanostructures, also referred as graphene metasurfaces, have proven to be capable of efficiently coupling with incident light by surface plasmon resonances. In this work, a new type of graphene metasurfaces with moiré patterns using cost‐effective and scalable moiré nanosphere lithography (MNSL) is demonstrated. A large gradient in feature size (i.e., from sub‐200 nm to 1.1 μm) of the graphene nanostructures exists in single metasurfaces. The in‐plane quasi‐periodic arrangement of the graphene nanostructures can be easily tuned to form a variety of moiré patterns. The experimental measurement and numerical simulations show that the graphene moiré metasurfaces support tunable and multiband optical responses due the size and shape dependences of surface plasmon resonance modes of graphene nanostructures. It is also demonstrated that the multiband optical responses of graphene moiré metasurfaces can be tuned from mid‐infrared (MIR) to terahertz (THz) regimes by choosing polystyrene spheres of different sizes for MNSL. These findings provide a cost‐effective and scalable strategy to achieve ultrathin functional devices, including multiband light modulators, broadband biosensors, and multiband photodetectors, which feature tunable and multiband responses in wide range of wavelengths from MIR to THz.
New Insights into the Correlation between Morphology, Excited State Dynamics, and Device Performance of Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Long Guankui , Wu Bo , Solanki Ankur , Yang Xuan , Kan Bin , Liu Xinfeng , Wu Dongchang , Xu Zhou , Wu Wei‐Ru , Jeng U‐Ser , Lin Jinyou , Li Miaomiao , Wang Yunchuang , Wan Xiangjian , Sum Tze Chien , Chen Yongsheng
Published: August 2016

Morphology plays a vital role on the performance of organic photovoltaics. However, our understanding of the morphology‐performance relationships for organic photovoltaics remains lacking. Specifically, it is still an open question why some bulk‐heterojunction blends exhibit electric field dependent J–V curves, while others do not. Through detailed fs‐μs transient absorption spectroscopy and morphology studies on the representative bulk‐heterojunction type small molecule (SM) donor system, a picture of different J–V behaviors from morphology aspects and excited dynamics is revealed. Our findings reveal that amorphous morphology in the lack of percolated pathways leads to the formation of strongly bound charge transfer states (CTSs), which accounts for about one third of the photoexcited species. Therefore, field‐dependent J–V curves are obtained as these CTSs mainly undergo geminate recombination or function as interfacial traps for nongeminate recombination. On the other hand, the CTSs are totally suppressed after post‐treatment owning to the formation of bicontinuous morphology, which results in very high efficiencies from exciton generation, diffusion, dissociation to charge extraction, thus contributes to field‐independent J–V characteristics. The insights gained in this work provide the effective guidelines to further optimize the performance of bulk‐heterojunction type SM‐organic photovoltaics through judicious morphology control and engineering.
Update on the Toriello–Carey syndrome
Authors: Toriello Helga V. , Colley Chelsey , Bamshad Michael
Published: August 2016

Toriello and Carey described a provisionally‐unique syndrome comprised of agenesis of the corpus callosum, Pierre Robin anomaly, and a characteristic facial phenotype. Because the condition affected siblings, this entity was postulated to be an autosomal recessive multiple anomaly syndrome. Several patients were subsequently reported, and over time, it became apparent that the Toriello–Carey syndrome was etiologically heterogeneous. Based on previous reports, it is estimated that at least 20% of patients with a clinical diagnosis of Toriello–Carey syndrome have a chromosomal anomaly as the basis of the phenotype. However, no basis for the non‐chromosomal cases has been found. This review summarizes the literature to date and provides speculation regarding the possible explanations for failing to find the cause of Toriello–Carey syndrome. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenotypic evolution of UNC80 loss of function
Authors: Valkanas Elise , Schaffer Katherine , Dunham Christopher , Maduro Valerie , du Souich Christèle , Rupps Rosemarie , Adams David R. , Baradaran‐Heravi Alireza , Flynn Elise , Malicdan May C. , Gahl William A. , Toro Camilo , Boerkoel Cornelius F.
Published: August 2016

Failure to thrive arises as a complication of a heterogeneous group of disorders. We describe two female siblings with spastic paraplegia and global developmental delay but also, atypically for the HSPs, poor weight gain classified as failure to thrive. After extensive clinical and biochemical investigations failed to identify the etiology, we used exome sequencing to identify biallelic UNC80 mutations (NM_032504.1:c.[3983‐3_3994delinsA];[2431C>T]. The paternally inherited NM_032504.1:c.3983‐3_3994delinsA is predicted to encode p.Ser1328Argfs*19 and the maternally inherited NM_032504.1:c.2431C>T is predicted to encode p.Arg811*. No UNC80 mRNA was detectable in patient cultured skin fibroblasts, suggesting UNC80 loss of function by nonsense mediated mRNA decay. Further supporting the UNC80 mutations as causative of these siblings’ disorder, biallelic mutations in UNC80 have recently been described among individuals with an overlapping phenotype. This report expands the disease spectrum associated with UNC80 mutations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High occurrence of rhinitis symptoms in hairdressing apprentices
Authors: Foss‐Skiftesvik Majken H. , Winther Lone , Johnsen Claus R. , Søsted Heidi , Mosbech Holger F. , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne D.
Published: August 2016

Background

Little is known about the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among hairdressing apprentices during their training. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether hairdressing apprentices are at increased risk of rhinitis and asthma symptoms when compared with other young adults from the general population.

Methods

A questionnaire was completed by 504 hairdressing apprentices and 1400 control participants from the general population with a similar age, gender, and geographic distribution.

Results

The 1‐year prevalence of rhinitis symptoms was higher in hairdressing apprentices than in controls (58.1% vs 46.6%; odds ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.30‐1.98), and the prevalence was higher among hairdressing apprentices in the last years of training compared with apprentices in the first year of training (62.4% vs 41.8%, p = 0.003). Current smoking was more common in hairdressing apprentices (28.4% vs 17.2%, p < 0.001). Asthma symptoms were equally common in the 2 groups; however, hairdressing apprentices had a later age of onset of wheezing than did the controls (18 years vs 14 years, p < 0.00001) and a decreased risk of wheezing (odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.95) after adjusting for smoking, education level, and degree of rurality. Bleaching products were the most frequently reported cause of rhinitis and asthma symptoms in hairdressing apprentices.

Conclusions

Hairdressing apprentices seem to have an increased risk of occupational rhinitis, and bleaching products are the main cause of respiratory symptoms. In addition, our findings suggest that a healthy worker effect exists in relation to asthma among hairdressing apprentices.
A Synthetic Supramolecular Receptor for the Hydrosulfide Anion
Authors: Hartle Matthew D. , Hansen Ryan J. , Tresca Blakely W. , Prakel Samuel S. , Zakharov Lev N. , Haley Michael M. , Pluth Michael D. , Johnson Darren W.
Published: August 2016

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a crucial biomolecule in physiology and cellular signaling. Key challenges associated with developing new chemical tools for understanding the biological roles of H2S include developing platforms that enable reversible binding of this important biomolecule. The first synthetic small molecule receptor for the hydrosulfide anion, HS−, using only reversible, hydrogen‐bonding interactions in a series of bis(ethynylaniline) derivatives, is reported. Binding constants of up to 90 300±8700 m−1 were obtained in MeCN. The fundamental science of reversible sulfide binding, in this case featuring a key CH⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen bond, will expand the possibility for discovery of sulfide protein targets and molecular recognition agents.
Iodierte (Perfluor)alkylchinoxaline über radikalische Atom‐Transfer‐Additionsreaktionen mit ortho‐Diisocyanarenen als Radikalakzeptoren
Authors: Leifert Dirk , Studer Armido
Published: August 2016

Eine neue und einfache Methode zur Herstellung von funktionalisierten Chinoxalinen wird vorgestellt. Ausgehend von leicht zugänglichen ortho‐Diisocyanarenen und (Perfluor)alkyliodiden wird das Chinoxalin‐Gerüst über eine radikalische Atom‐Transfer‐Additionsreaktion aufgebaut, um 2‐Iod‐3‐(perfluor)alkylchinoxaline zu erhalten. Diese Radikalkaskade kann sowohl durch sichtbares Licht als auch durch α,α′‐Azobisisobutyronitril (AIBN) initiiert werden. Die Methode liefert gute Ausbeuten (bis 94 %) und lässt sich auch im großen Maßstab leicht durchführen. Folgechemie zeigt den Nutzen dieser neuen radikalischen Chinoxalin‐Synthese auf.
Cascade Biocatalysis for Sustainable Asymmetric Synthesis: From Biobased l‐Phenylalanine to High‐Value Chiral Chemicals
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wu Shuke , Li Zhi
Published: August 2016

Sustainable synthesis of useful and valuable chiral fine chemicals from renewable feedstocks is highly desirable but remains challenging. Reported herein is a designed and engineered set of unique non‐natural biocatalytic cascades to achieve the asymmetric synthesis of chiral epoxide, diols, hydroxy acid, and amino acid in high yield and with excellent ee values from the easily available biobased l‐phenylalanine. Each of the cascades was efficiently performed in one pot by using the cells of a single recombinant strain over‐expressing 4–10 different enzymes. The cascade biocatalysis approach is promising for upgrading biobased bulk chemicals to high‐value chiral chemicals. In addition, combining the non‐natural enzyme cascades with the natural metabolic pathway of the host strain enabled the fermentative production of the chiral fine chemicals from glucose.
Selective High‐Resolution Detection of Membrane Protein–Ligand Interaction in Native Membranes Using Trityl–Nitroxide PELDOR
Authors: Joseph Benesh , Tormyshev Victor M. , Rogozhnikova Olga Yu. , Akhmetzyanov Dmitry , Bagryanskaya Elena G. , Prisner Thomas F.
Published: August 2016

The orchestrated interaction of transmembrane proteins with other molecules mediates several crucial biological processes. Detergent solubilization may significantly alter or even abolish such hetero‐oligomeric interactions, which makes observing them at high resolution in their native environment technically challenging. Dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques such as pulsed electro–electron double resonance (PELDOR) can provide very precise distances within biomolecules. To concurrently determine the inter‐subunit interaction and the intra‐subunit conformational changes in hetero‐oligomeric complexes, a combination of different spin labels is required. Orthogonal spin labeling using a triarylmethyl (TAM) label in combination with a nitroxide label is used to detect protein–ligand interactions in native lipid bilayers. This approach provides a higher sensitivity and total selectivity and will greatly facilitate the investigation of multimeric transmembrane complexes employing different spin labels in the native lipid environment.
Bis(4‐nitraminofurazanyl‐3‐azoxy)azofurazan and Derivatives: 1,2,5‐Oxadiazole Structures and High‐Performance Energetic Materials
Authors: Liu Yuji , Zhang Jiaheng , Wang Kangcai , Li Jinshan , Zhang Qinghua , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: August 2016

Bis(4‐nitraminofurazanyl‐3‐azoxy)azofurazan (1) and ten of its energetic salts were prepared and fully characterized. Computational analysis based on isochemical shielding surface and trigger bond dissociation enthalpy provide a better understanding of the thermal stabilities for nitramine‐furazans. These energetic compounds exhibit good densities, high heats of formation, and excellent detonation velocity and pressure. Some representative compounds, for example, 1 (vD: 9541 m s−1; P: 40.5 GPa), and 4 (vD: 9256 m s−1; P: 38.0 GPa) exhibit excellent detonation performances, which are comparable with current high explosives such as RDX (vD: 8724 m s−1; P: 35.2 GPa) and HMX (vD: 9059 m s−1; P: 39.2 GPa).
Modifying the 5′‐Cap for Click Reactions of Eukaryotic mRNA and To Tune Translation Efficiency in Living Cells
Authors: Holstein Josephin M. , Anhäuser Lea , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: August 2016

The 5′‐cap is a hallmark of eukaryotic mRNAs and plays fundamental roles in RNA metabolism, ranging from quality control to export and translation. Modifying the 5′‐cap may thus enable modulation of the underlying processes and investigation or tuning of several biological functions. A straightforward approach is presented for the efficient production of a range of N7‐modified caps based on the highly promiscuous methyltransferase Ecm1. We show that these, as well as N2‐modified 5′‐caps, can be used to tune translation of the respective mRNAs both in vitro and in cells. Appropriate modifications allow subsequent bioorthogonal chemistry, as demonstrated by intracellular live‐cell labeling of a target mRNA. The efficient and versatile N7 manipulation of the mRNA cap makes mRNAs amenable to both modulation of their biological function and intracellular labeling, and represents a valuable addition to the chemical biology toolbox.
A Catalyst‐Controlled Aerobic Coupling of ortho‐Quinones and Phenols Applied to the Synthesis of Aryl Ethers
Authors: Huang Zheng , Lumb Jean‐Philip
Published: August 2016

ortho‐Quinones are underutilized six‐carbon‐atom building blocks. We herein describe an approach for controlling their reactivity with copper that gives rise to a catalytic aerobic cross‐coupling with phenols. The resulting aryl ethers are generated in high yield across a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. This method represents a unique example where the covalent modification of an ortho‐quinone is catalyzed by a transition metal, creating new opportunities for their utilization in synthesis.
Tuning the properties of alginate—chitosan membranes by varying the viscosity and the proportions of polymers
Authors: Bierhalz Andréa C. K. , Moraes Ângela Maria
Published: August 2016

In this study, alginate (A) and chitosan (C)‐based membranes designed for skin tissue engineering applications were prepared using three different A to C mass ratios (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3). Each formulation was produced with alginate of two different viscosities (low and medium). Porous membranes were obtained through foaming by adding the surfactant Poloxamer 188 to the formulations at the concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% (w/w) in excess of the biopolymers mass. The physicochemical properties of the membranes were evaluated, showing that the formation of more stable, resistant, and porous structures with Poloxamer 188 was favored in membranes prepared with medium‐viscosity alginate. The surfactant also exerted the most pronounced porogenic effect on the formulation with alginate:chitosan mass ratio equal to 3:1. These membranes consequently had greater thickness, roughness, opacity, water vapor transmission rate, and lower mechanical resistance than 1:1 and 1:3 membranes. Taken together, the results indicated that it is possible to improve and tune the properties of alginate—chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes by varying the viscosity of alginate and proportions of biopolymers and surfactant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44216.
Structure–5‐HT/D2 Receptor Affinity Relationship in a New Group of 1‐Arylpiperazynylalkyl Derivatives of 8‐Dialkylamino‐3,7‐dimethyl‐1H‐purine‐2,6(3H,7H)‐dione
Authors: Żmudzki Paweł , Satała Grzegorz , Chłoń‐Rzepa Grażyna , Bojarski Andrzej J. , Kazek Grzegorz , Siwek Agata , Gryboś Anna , Głuch‐Lutwin Monika , Wesołowska Anna , Pawłowski Maciej
Published: August 2016

In our previous papers, we have reported that some 8‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1H‐purine‐2,6(3H,7H)‐dione derivatives possessed high affinity and displayed agonistic, partial agonistic, or antagonistic activity for serotonin 5‐HT1A and dopamine D2 receptors. In order to examine further the influence of the substituent in the position 8 of the purine moiety and the influence of the xanthine core on the affinity for serotonin 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT6, 5‐HT7, and dopamine D2 receptors, two series of 1‐arylpiperazynylalkyl derivatives of 8‐amino‐3,7‐dimethyl‐1H‐purine‐2,6(3H,7H)‐dione were synthesized. All the final compounds were investigated in in vitro competition binding experiments for the serotonin 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT6, 5‐HT7, and dopamine D2 receptors. The structure–affinity relationships for this group of compounds were discussed. For selected compounds, the functional assays for the 5‐HT1A and D2 receptors were carried out. The results of the assays indicated that these groups of derivatives possessed antagonistic activity for 5‐HT1A receptors and agonistic, partial agonistic, or antagonistic activity for D2 receptors. In total, 26 new compounds were synthesized, 20 of which were tested in in vitro binding experiments and 5 were tested in in vitro functional assays.
Effect of hesperidin on the pharmacokinetics of CPT‐11 and its active metabolite SN‐38 by regulating hepatic Mrp2 in rats
Authors: Wang Xingdong , Rao Zhi , Qin Hongyan , Zhang Guoqiang , Ma Yanrong , Jin Yongwen , Han Miao , Shi Axi , Wang Yanping , Wu Xinan
Published: August 2016

The usage of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT‐11) chemotherapy is hindered by its dose‐limiting diarrhea which appears to be associated with the intestinal exposure to SN‐38, the active metabolite of CPT‐11. Hesperidin, a safe and natural food ingredient flavonoid, exhibits various biological properties. Accumulated evidence showed that the regulatory effect of hesperidin on the expression of Mrp2 in the liver may be one of the critical factors controlling the biliary excretion of SN‐38. This study examined the effect of hesperidin on the pharmacokinetics of CPT‐11 and SN‐38 as well as the regulatory effect on the hepatic expression of Mrp2. Compared with the control group, the AUC5‐t was increased to 115% of CPT‐11 and 122% of SN‐38; the CL was decreased to 87% for CPT‐11; the tissue concentration was increased in the liver, kidney and colon; and the accumulated biliary excretion was significantly decreased to 77% for CPT‐11 and 76% for SN‐38 in hesperidin‐treated rats. Furthermore, the expression of Mrp2 in the liver was significantly decreased to 37% in the hesperidin‐treated rats compared with that of the control group. These results indicate that oral administration of hesperidin significantly increased the AUC5‐t and reduced the clearance of CPT‐11 and SN‐38, possibly by decreasing the hepatic expression of Mrp2, and thus inhibiting the biliary excretion of CPT‐11 and SN‐38. The results from this present study suggest that hesperidin may reduce the exposure of CPT‐11 and SN‐38 in the intestine by reducing the amount of biliary excretion of CPT‐11 and SN‐38. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Gist of Delay of Gratification: Understanding and Predicting Problem Behaviors
Authors: Reyna Valerie F. , Wilhelms Evan A.
Published: August 2016

Delay of gratification captures elements of temptation and self‐denial that characterize real‐life problems with money and other problem behaviors such as unhealthy risk taking. According to fuzzy‐trace theory, decision makers mentally represent social values such as delay of gratification in a coarse but meaningful form of memory called “gist.” Applying this theory, we developed a gist measure of delay of gratification that does not involve quantitative trade‐offs (as delay discounting does) and hypothesize that this construct explains unique variance beyond sensation seeking and inhibition in accounting for problem behaviors. Across four studies, we examine this Delay‐of‐gratification Gist Scale by using principal components analyses and evaluating convergent and divergent validity with other potentially related scales such as Future Orientation, Propensity to Plan, Time Perspectives Inventory, Spendthrift‐Tightwad, Sensation Seeking, Cognitive Reflection, Barratt Impulsiveness, and the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (delay discounting). The new 12‐item measure captured a single dimension of delay of gratification, correlated as predicted with other scales, but accounted for unique variance in predicting such outcomes as overdrawing bank accounts, substance abuse, and overall subjective well‐being. Results support a theoretical distinction between reward‐related approach motivation, including sensation seeking, and inhibitory faculties, including cognitive reflection. However, individuals' agreement with the qualitative gist of delay of gratification, as expressed in many cultural traditions, could not be reduced to such dualist distinctions nor to quantitative conceptions of delay discounting, shedding light on mechanisms of self‐control and risk taking. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Well Do We Know Our Inner Daredevil? Probing the Relationship Between Self‐Report and Behavioral Measures of Risk Taking
Authors: Rolison Jonathan J. , Pachur Thorsten
Published: August 2016

To measure a person's risk‐taking tendency, research has relied interchangeably on self‐report scales (e.g., “Indicate your likelihood of engaging in the risky behavior”) and more direct measures, such as behavioral tasks (e.g., “Do you accept or reject the risky option?”). It is currently unclear, however, how the two approaches map upon each other. We examined the relationship between self‐report likelihood ratings for risky choice in a monetary gamble task and actual choice, and tested how the relationship is affected by task ambiguity (i.e., when part of the information about risks and benefits is missing) and age. Five hundred participants (aged 19–85 years) were presented with 27 gambles, either in an unambiguous or an ambiguous condition. In a likelihood rating task, participants rated for each gamble the likelihood that they would accept it. In a separate choice task, they were asked to either accept or reject each gamble. Analyses using a signal‐detection approach showed that people's likelihood ratings discriminated between accept and reject cases in their choices rather well. However, task ambiguity weakened the association between likelihood ratings and choice. Further, older adults' likelihood ratings anticipated their choices more poorly than younger adults'. We discuss implications of these findings for existing approaches to the study of risk‐taking propensity, which have often relied on self‐reported risk tendency for ambiguous activities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between IRF6 and 8q24 polymorphisms and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wattanawong Kachin , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , McEvoy Mark , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: August 2016

Background

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of interferon regulatory factor 6 and 8q24 polymorphisms with nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (NSCL/P).

Methods

Data extraction was independently performed by two reviewers. Genotypic effects of four polymorphisms from 31 studies were pooled separately by ethnicity using a mixed‐effect logit model with accounting for heterogeneity.

Results

For rs2235371, AA and GA carried, respectively, 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37%–61%) and 42% (95% CI, 32%–50%) lower risks of NSCL/P than GG genotypes in Asians, but these genotypes were not significant in Caucasians. For rs2013162, only AA was significant, that is, carried 0.65 (95% CI, 0.52–0.82) times lower odds than CC in Caucasians but not for Asians. For rs642961, AA and GA genotypes, respectively, carried 2.47 (95% CI, 1.41–4.35) and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.12–1.75) times higher odds in Asian, and 2.03 (95% CI, 1.52–2.71) and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.37–1.82) times higher odds in Caucasians compare with GG genotypes. For rs987525, AA and CA genotypes carried 2.27 (95% CI, 1.43–3.60) and 1.34 (95% CI, 1.02–1.77) times higher odds in Asian, and 5.25 (95% CI, 3.98–6.91) and 2.13 (95% CI–1.82, 2.49) times higher odds in Caucasians, and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.10–1.82) and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.09–1.50) times higher odds in mixed ethnicities compared with CC genotypes. These variant effects remained significant based on applying Bonferroni corrected‐thresholds, except in the mixed ethnicity.

Conclusion

We show robust variant effects in NSCL/P. Considering them with other genes and risk factors might be useful to improve prediction of NSCL/P occurrence. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:773–788, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Birth defects and neonatal morbidity caused by teratogen exposure after the embryonic period
Authors: Scheuerle Angela E. , Aylsworth Arthur S.
Published: August 2016

Background

Pharmaceutical pregnancy exposure registries seek to evaluate temporal associations between drug exposures and adverse outcomes, particularly congenital anomalies. These registries record observed associations that may or may not be causally‐related to the exposure. Most major congenital malformations (i.e., structural birth defects) result from abnormal development during embryogenesis. A standardized catalog of defects of concern (colloquially the “BPA Codes”) is used both in public health surveillance programs and pregnancy exposure registries. There are, however, some anomalies that cause significant morbidity and mortality for which isolated second or third trimester exposures may be pathogenically significant. There currently exists no standardized list of defects for which exposure limited to the fetal period may be problematic.

Methods

The six‐digit‐code list was used to determine anomalies that might result from medication exposures limited to the fetal period.

Results

Defects with documented first trimester pathogenesis (e.g., anencephaly, heterotaxy) were eliminated from consideration, as were chromosomal and single gene disorders (e.g., trisomy 21, achondroplasia). The remaining defects include the following: (1) those that are known to or could reasonably originate or manifest after the embryonic period (e.g., porencephaly, cataracts); (2) those for which pathogenesis is unclear or variable enough that exposure at any gestational age might be considered relevant (e.g., club foot, microcephaly); and (3) those that include some component of abnormal growth (e.g., hemihyperplasia). “Unspecified” defects (e.g., “abnormality of the leg”) were included by default because there is insufficient information to assume first trimester embryogenesis.

Conclusion

The final result is a list of major and minor anomalies in 11 organ system categories that may be caused by teratogen exposure during the fetal period. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:935–939, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review of bioanalytical assays for the quantitation of various HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat, belinostat, panobinostat, romidepsin and chidamine
Authors: Suresh P.S. , Devaraj V.C. , Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: August 2016

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors) are used to treat malignancies such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma and peripheral T cell lymphoma. Only four drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, namely vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat and belinostat, while chidamide has been approved in China. There are a number of bioanalytical methods reported for the measurement of HDAC inhibitors in clinical (human plasma and serum) and preclinical (mouse plasma, rat plasma, urine and tissue homogenates, etc.) studies. This review covers various HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, belinostat and chidamide. In addition to providing a comprehensive review of the available methods for the above mentioned HDAC inhibitors, it also provides case studies with perspectives for chosen drugs. Based on the review, it is concluded that the published methodologies using either HPLC or LC–MS/MS are well suited for the quantification of HDAC inhibitors in various biological fluids to delineate pharmacokinetic data.
Safety and efficacy of coil embolization of the septal perforator for septal ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Guerrero Israel , Dhoble Abhijeet , Fasulo Mark , Denktas Ali E. , Sami Shehzad , Choi Sangbum , Balan Prakash , Arain Salman A. , Smalling Richard W.
Published: August 2016

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate safety, efficacy, and durability of coil embolization of the major septal perforator of the left anterior descending coronary artery in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).

Background

The long‐term effect of coil embolization therapy in HOCM patients is not well defined.

Methods

We evaluated 24 symptomatic HOCM patients in a single center who underwent coil embolization of the septal perforator artery(ies).

Results

Twenty‐four patients on optimal medical therapy presented with NYHA functional class III (75%) or IV (25%) underwent the procedure. The procedure was successful in 22 patients, with significant reduction in left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient. The functional class significantly improved to class I (54.2%) or II (41.7%) (P < = 0.01). The LVOT gradient was significantly lower during follow up echocardiography (21.3 ± 19 vs. 81.3 ± 41 mm Hg; P < = 0.01). Interventricular septal thickness decreased over time (16.3 ± 3 vs. 18.5 ± 2 mm, P< = 0.01). The procedure was aborted in one of the patients after the third coil prolapsed from the septal perforator in to the left anterior descending artery. The coil was effectively snared out. Three patients required additional coil placement in the second major septal perforator. New permanent pacemaker placement was required in one patient. However, three patients underwent ICD implantation at follow up due to ventricular arrhythmias.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that the use of coil embolization for septal ablation is safe, effective, and durable in patients with symptomatic HOCM. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: The Planar CoB18‐ Cluster as a Motif for Metallo‐Borophenes.
Authors: Li Wan‐Lu , Jian Tian , Chen Xin , Chen Teng‐Teng , Lopez Gary V. , Li Jun , Wang Lai‐Sheng
Published: August 2016

The title cluster is produced by laser vaporization of a boron/cobalt composite target and characterized by PES and quantum chemical CCSD(T) and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: High Temperature Crystallographic and Thermodynamic Investigations on Synthetic Calzirtite (Ca2Zr5Ti2O16).
Authors: Jafar Mohsin , Phapale Suhas B. , Nagabhusan Achary S. , Mishra Ratikanta , Tyagi Avesh K.
Published: August 2016

The title material is characterized by variable temperature powder XRD and high temperature solution calorimetric measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Intriguing Luminescence Properties of (Ba, Sr)3Si6O9N4: Eu2+ Phosphors via Modifying Synthesis Method and Cation Substitution.
Authors: Yin Liang‐Jun , et al.
Published: August 2016

A series of green to blue emitting phosphors of nominal composition (Ba, Sr)2.85Si6O9N4:0.15Eu 2+ is prepared by solid state reaction of BaCO3, SrCO3, Eu2O3, Si3N4, and SiO2 (high‐energy ball milling, annealing under N2 for 4 h at 1200 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: High Thermoelectric Performance of In‐Doped Cu2SnSe3 Prepared by Fast Combustion Synthesis.
Authors: Li Yuyang , Liu Guanghua , Li Jiangtao , Chen Kexin , Li Laifeng , Han Yemao , Zhou Min , Xia Mingjun , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai
Published: August 2016

Bulk Cu2Sn1‐xInxSe3 (x = 0—0.2) samples are prepared by high‐pressure combustion synthesis (HPCS) of stoichiometric amounts of the elements under 2 MPa Ar in a quartz tube.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Friendly BaxSr2‐xTiFeO6 Double Perovskite with Enhanced Thermopower for High Temperature Thermoelectric Power Generation.
Authors: Roy Pinku , Waghmare Vikram , Maiti Tanmoy
Published: August 2016

The title compounds with x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.25 are prepared by solid state reaction of SrCO3, BaCO3, Fe2O3, and TiO2 (1473 K, 10 h, followed by sintering at 1623 K for 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Trace H2O2‐Assisted High‐Capacity Tungsten Oxide Electrochromic Batteries with Ultrafast Charging in Seconds.
Authors: Zhao Jinxiong , Tian Yuyu , Wang Zhen , Cong Shan , Zhou Di , Zhang Qingzhu , Yang Mei , Zhang Weikun , Geng Fengxia , Zhao Zhigang
Published: August 2016

W18O49 nanowires are grown on an FTO‐coated glass substrate by hydrothermal treatment of a WCl6 in EtOH solution (180 °C, 12 h) followed by annealing in Ar at 200 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 Spinel: A Novel Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Quan Jingbin , Mei Lin , Ma Zheng , Huang Jichun , Li Decheng
Published: August 2016

Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 is prepared by spray drying of an aqueous solution of Cu(OAc)2, Mn(OAc)2, and citric acid with an outlet temperature of 185 °C followed by pre‐sintering in air (300 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Studies of Cu2+, Sn2+ and N3‐ Substituted K5Sb5P2O20.
Authors: Reddy Ch. Sudhakar , Sreenu K. , Reddy J. R. , Padmasri A. Hari , Gundeboina Ravi , Vithal M.
Published: August 2016

K5Sb5P2O20 (I) is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of KNO3, Sb2O3, and (NH4)2HPO4 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Indolinol‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Aldehydes to Nitroalkenes in Brine.
Authors: Hu Xin , Wei Yi‐Fei , Wu Nan , Jiang Zhiguo , Liu Can , Luo Ren‐Shi
Published: August 2016

The asymmetric Michael reaction of nitroalkenes (I) with aldehydes (II) proceeds with good to high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity, whilst the reaction of nitroalkene (VI) gives rise to a mixture of syn/anti‐diastereomers with 45:55 ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Reactions of Allylic Ethers with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Qi Longying , Ma Enlu , Jia Fan , Li Zhiping
Published: August 2016

A screening for different leaving groups reveals that the phenoxy group gives optimal results for the title substitution reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: New Metal Complexes Supported on Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles as Recoverable Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides.
Authors: Hajjami Maryam , Kolivand Somaye
Published: August 2016

The Zr‐based complex catalysts can be easily recovered ten times and the analogous Cu‐based complex seven times without noticeable deterioration in catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Gold Nanoparticles Catalyzed cis‐Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes Using Ammonium Formate as the Reductant.
Authors: Liang Shengzong , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: August 2016

An efficient procedure is developed for the gold‐catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic/Cu‐Promoted C—H Activations: Visible‐Light‐Induced ortho‐Selective Perfluoroalkylation of Benzamides.
Authors: Chen Xiang , Tan Ze , Gui Qingwen , Hu Liang , Liu Jidan , Wu Jing , Wang Guangwei
Published: August 2016

N‐8‐Quinolyl directed highly selective ortho‐perfluoroalkylation of benzamide (I) and (IV) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Dysprosium(III)‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening of meso‐Epoxides: Desymmetrization by Remote Stereocontrol in a Thiolysis/Elimination Sequence.
Authors: Yao Lu , Zhu Qiao , Wei Liang , Wang Zuo‐Fei , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: August 2016

This unprecedented asymmetric desymmetrization of meso‐epoxides with mercaptobenzothiazoles is catalyzed by a chiral Dy(III)/N,N‐dioxide complex through a thiolysis/elimination sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Construction of Saturated Six‐Membered Rings Directly Using Calcium Carbide as an Acetylene Source: Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triaroylcyclohexanes.
Authors: Li Zheng , He Lili , Fu Rugang , Song Geyang , Song Wenli , Xie Demeng , Yang Jingya
Published: August 2016

The title cyclohexanes are efficiently prepared from various aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes without use of precious transition metal catalysts, and flammable and explosive gas.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroazulen‐6(1H)‐one: A Concise Access to the Core Structure of Cephalotaxus Norditerpenes.
Authors: Yongsheng Zheng , Ghazvini Zadeh Ebrahim H. , Yuan Yu
Published: August 2016

A series of chiral dihydroazulenones (III) is prepared by a three‐step procedure comprising a Michael reaction of aldehydes (I) with nitroalkenes (II), a reduction of the Michael adduct to alcohol, and an oxidative cyclization/ring expansion.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Base‐Free Protocol for the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitriles with Tridentate Phosphine Ligands.
Authors: Adam Rosa , Bheeter Charles Beromeo , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: August 2016

The optimal catalyst combination RUC/TDP is evaluated and applied to various aliphatic and aromatic nitriles under conditions A), mostly at 50 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides with Dual Role of Formic Acid.
Authors: Qi Xinxin , Li Chong‐Liang , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: August 2016

A palladium‐catalyzed reductive carbonylation of aryl iodides with formic acid as the formyl source is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Supporting Ligand‐Assisted N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes: Characterization, Computation, and Catalytic Activity in Suzuki—Miyaura Cross Coupling Between Aryl and Heteroaromatic Chlorides and Various Boronic Acids.
Authors: Shen An , Hu Yu‐Cai , Liu Ting‐Ting , Ni Chen , Luo Yong , Cao Yu‐Cai
Published: August 2016

This method uses catalyst loadings as low as 0.005 mol%.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts Catalyzed by Chiral Bifunctional Ferrocenylphosphines.
Authors: Zhu Linglong , Hu Haiwen , Qi Liang , Zheng Yi , Zhong Weihui
Published: August 2016

Air‐stable chiral ferrocenylphosphines are synthesized and utilized in the asymmetric allylic substitution of Morita—Baylis—Hillman adducts with phthalimide under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct and Site‐Selective Pd(II)‐Catalyzed C‐7 Arylation of Indolines with Arylsilanes.
Authors: Luo Haiqing , Liu Haidong , Zhang Zhipeng , Xiao Yifan , Wang Sihui , Luo Xuzhong , Wang Kejun
Published: August 2016

A wide range of substrates is applied under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Route to Fluorinated 3,3‐Disubstituted 2‐Oxindoles via a Photoinduced Radical Cyclization of N‐Arylacrylamides under Catalyst‐Free Conditions.
Authors: An Yuanyuan , Li Yuewen , Wu Jie
Published: August 2016

A catalyst‐free radical cyclization of N‐arylacrylamides with fluorinated alkyl iodides under ultraviolet radiation is presented for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazoles via Electrophilic Cyclization of Alkynes Containing Thiophene.
Authors: Cetin Adnan
Published: August 2016

But‐3‐yn‐2‐one and hydrazines yield α,β‐alkynic hydrazones which give the final products after a copper‐mediated electrophilic cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: A Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of O‐Bromoarylisothiocyanates with Isocyanides Leading to Benzo[d]imidazo[5,1‐b]thiazoles under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yan Kelu , Yang Daoshan , Wei Wei , Sun Pengfei , Lu Yunxiang , Wang Hua
Published: August 2016

Title compounds are obtained through an intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition and intramolecular Ullmann‐type C—S bond formation from readily available o‐bromoarylisothiocyanates and isocyanides.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted 2,3‐Dihydropyrans by Three‐Component “One‐Pot” Reaction.
Authors: Li Chao , Cai Liang‐Zhen , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Zhu Shi‐Zheng , Xing Chun‐Hui , Lu Long
Published: August 2016

β‐Keto perfluoroalkanesulfones react with aldehydes and vinyl ethers to produce dihydropyran products as cis‐ and trans‐diastereomeric mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C5‐Regioselective C—H Sulfonylation of 8‐Aminoquinoline Amides with Aryl Sulfonyl Chlorides.
Authors: Li Jun‐Ming , Weng Jiang , Lu Gui , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: August 2016

The title method tolerates various substituents in both reaction partners.
ChemInform Abstract: Ce(SO4)2‐Catalyzed the Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines via an Imino Diels—Alder ABB′ Type Reaction and Their in vivo Toxicity and Imaging in Zebrafish Embryos.
Authors: Martinez Bonilla Carlos A. , Puerto Galvis Carlos E. , Vargas Mendez Leonor Y. , Kouznetsov Vladimir V.
Published: August 2016

Derivative (IIIb) appears to be the most toxic sample among the tetrahydroquinoline library synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 1H‐Imidazol[1,2‐a]indeno[2,1‐e]pyridine‐6(5H)‐ones Derivatives via a One‐Pot Four‐Component Condensation Reaction.
Authors: Mohammadi Ali A. , Taheri Salman , Amouzegar Ali
Published: August 2016

The title compounds are prepared by multicomponent condensation of ethylenediamine, ketene dithioacetal, aldehydes, and indandione using alum as catalyst in good to excellent yields under green reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 5‐Phenyl‐dibenzo[b,g][1,8]napthyridines.
Authors: Sampathkumar Natarajan , Murugesh Arumugam , Rajendran Subramaniam Parameswaran
Published: August 2016

The hitherto unknown title naphthyridines are prepared by Vilsmeier—Haack heterocyclization of 2‐phenylamino‐4‐phenylquinolines in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Oxo‐2H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐3(4H)‐ylidene Acetic Acid and Its Rearrangement in Presence of Acid Media.
Authors: Venugopal Sharulatha , Sundaram Sivakamasundari
Published: August 2016

The title pyrimidine derivatives are prepared by reaction of aminopyridines and aconic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailor‐Made α‐Amino Acids in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Synthetic Approaches to (1R,2S)‐1‐Amino‐2‐vinylcyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic Acid (Vinyl‐ACCA)
Authors: Sato Tatsunori , Izawa Kunisuke , Acena Jose Luis , Liu Hong , Soloshonok Vadim A.
Published: August 2016

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Scaffold Diversity Synthesis and Its Application in Probe and Drug Discovery
Authors: Garcia‐Castro Miguel , Zimmermann Stefan , Sankar Muthukumar G. , Kumar Kamal
Published: August 2016

Review: [recent developments towards the construction of compound libraries and their application in drug and probe discovery; 86 refs.