bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Porous Structure-Inspired Lignocellulosic Biosorbent of Medulla tetrapanacis for Efficient Adsorption of Cationic Dyes
Authors: Zhang Jie , Ji Hao , Liu Zepeng , Zhang Liping , Wang Zihao , Guan Ying , Gao Hui
Published: September 2022

The focus of this work was on developing a green, low-cost, and efficient biosorbent based on the biological structure and properties of MT and applying it to the remediation of cationic dyes in dye wastewater. The adsorption performance and mechanism of MT on methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) were investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The results demonstrated that the highest adsorption values of MT for MB (411 mg/g) and CV (553 mg/g) were greatly higher than the reported values of other biosorbents. In addition, the adsorption behaviors of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) by MT were spontaneous exothermic reactions and closely followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. Further, the depleted MT was regenerated using pyrolysis mode to convert depleted MT into MT-biochar (MBC). The maximum adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+ by MBC was up to 320 mg/g and 840 mg/g, respectively. In conclusion, this work presented a new option for the adsorption of cationic dyes in wastewater and a new perspective for the treatment of depleted biosorbents.
6,6′-((Methylazanedyl)bis(methylene))bis(2,4-dimethylphenol) Induces Autophagic Associated Cell Death through mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Lung Cancer
Authors: Sriratanasak Nicharat , Wattanathana Worawat , Chanvorachote Pithi
Published: September 2022

Autophagy is the multistep mechanism for the elimination of damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. This mechanism is preceded and may induce other program cell deaths such as apoptosis. This study unraveled the potential pharmacological effect of 24MD in inducing the autophagy of lung cancer cells. Results showed that 24MD was concomitant with autophagy induction, indicating by autophagosome staining and the induction of ATG5, ATG7 and ubiquitinated protein, p62 expression after 12-h treatment. LC3-I was strongly conversed to LC3-II, and p62 was downregulated after 24-h treatment. The apoptosis-inducing activity was found after 48-h treatment as indicated by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and the activation of caspase-3. From a mechanistic perspective, 24-h treatment of 24MD at 60 μM substantially downregulated p-mTOR. Meanwhile, p-PI3K and p-Akt were also suppressed by 24MD at concentrations of 80 and 100 μM, respectively. We further confirmed m-TOR-mediated autophagic activity by comparing the effect of 24MD with rapamycin, a potent standard mTOR1 inhibitor through Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Although 24MD could not suppress p-mTOR as much as rapamycin, the combination of rapamycin and 24MD could increase the mTOR suppressive activity and LC3 activation. Changing the substituent groups (R groups) from dimethylphenol to ethylphenol in EMD or changing methylazanedyl to cyclohexylazanedyl in 24CD could only induce apoptosis activity but not autophagic inducing activity. We identified 24MD as a novel compound targeting autophagic cell death by affecting mTOR-mediated autophagy.
The Development and Application of Opto-Chemical Tools in the Zebrafish
Authors: Feng Zhiping , Ducos Bertrand , Scerbo Pierluigi , Aujard Isabelle , Jullien Ludovic , Bensimon David
Published: September 2022

The zebrafish is one of the most widely adopted animal models in both basic and translational research. This popularity of the zebrafish results from several advantages such as a high degree of similarity to the human genome, the ease of genetic and chemical perturbations, external fertilization with high fecundity, transparent and fast-developing embryos, and relatively low cost-effective maintenance. In particular, body translucency is a unique feature of zebrafish that is not adequately obtained with other vertebrate organisms. The animal’s distinctive optical clarity and small size therefore make it a successful model for optical modulation and observation. Furthermore, the convenience of microinjection and high embryonic permeability readily allow for efficient delivery of large and small molecules into live animals. Finally, the numerous number of siblings obtained from a single pair of animals offers large replicates and improved statistical analysis of the results. In this review, we describe the development of opto-chemical tools based on various strategies that control biological activities with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We also discuss the reported applications of these tools in zebrafish and highlight the current challenges and future possibilities of opto-chemical approaches, particularly at the single cell level.
Homocouplings of Sodium Arenesulfinates: Selective Access to Symmetric Diaryl Sulfides and Diaryl Disulfides
Authors: Yu Xin-Zhang , Wei Wen-Long , Niu Yu-Lan , Li Xing , Wang Ming , Gao Wen-Chao
Published: September 2022

Symmetrical diaryl sulfides and diaryl disulfides have been efficiently and selectively constructed via the homocoupling of sodium arenesulfinates. The selectivity of products relied on the different reaction systems: symmetrical diaryl sulfides were predominately obtained under the Pd(OAc)2 catalysis, whereas symmetrical diaryl sulfides were exclusively yielded in the presence of the reductive Fe/HCl system.
Degradation of Toluene from Gas Streams by Heterogeneous Fenton Oxidation in a Slurry Bubble Reactor with Activated Carbon-Based Catalysts
Authors: Sampaio Emanuel F. S. , Guimarães V. , Soares O. S. G. P. , Pereira M. Fernando R. , Rodrigues Carmen S. D. , Madeira Luis M.
Published: September 2022

A novel approach for the treatment of volatile organic compounds from gaseous streams was developed. In order to accomplish this, a semi-batch bubble reactor was used, aiming to assess the toluene (selected as model compound) degradation from gaseous streams via heterogeneous Fenton oxidation. Activated carbon-based catalysts—metal-free or iron-impregnated—with different textural and chemical surface properties were used for the first time as catalysts, in order to degrade gaseous toluene using such technology. Complementary characterization techniques, such as nitrogen adsorption at –196 °C, elemental analysis, pH at the point of zero charge (pHPZC), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were used. The materials’ chemical surface properties, particularly the presence of N-surface groups, were herein found to play an important role in toluene adsorption and catalytic performance. The maximum amount of toluene transferred, 6.39 × 10−3 mol, was achieved using melamine-doped activated carbon (N-doped material) that was impregnated with iron (sample herein called ACM-Fe). This iron-based catalyst was found to be quite stable during three reutilization cycles.
Adverse Outcome Pathways Associated with the Ingestion of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles—A Systematic Review
Authors: Rolo Dora , Assunção Ricardo , Ventura Célia , Alvito Paula , Gonçalves Lídia , Martins Carla , Bettencourt Ana , Jordan Peter , Vital Nádia , Pereira Joana , Pinto Fátima , Matos Paulo , Silva Maria João , Louro Henriqueta
Published: September 2022

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used, and humans are exposed through food (E171), cosmetics (e.g., toothpaste), and pharmaceuticals. The oral and gastrointestinal (GIT) tract are the first contact sites, but it may be systemically distributed. However, a robust adverse outcome pathway (AOP) has not been developed upon GIT exposure to TiO2-NPs. The aim of this review was to provide an integrative analysis of the published data on cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered after the ingestion of TiO2-NPs, proposing plausible AOPs that may drive policy decisions. A systematic review according to Prisma Methodology was performed in three databases of peer-reviewed literature: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 787 records were identified, screened in title/abstract, being 185 used for data extraction. The main endpoints identified were oxidative stress, cytotoxicity/apoptosis/cell death, inflammation, cellular and systemic uptake, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. From the results, AOPs were proposed where colorectal cancer, liver injury, reproductive toxicity, cardiac and kidney damage, as well as hematological effects stand out as possible adverse outcomes. The recent transgenerational studies also point to concerns with regard to population effects. Overall, the findings further support a limitation of the use of TiO2-NPs in food, announced by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Avoidance Behaviour of Six Collembolan Species Shows Species-Specific Sensitivity—Impact of Ag NM300K
Authors: Kovačević Marija , Amorim Mónica J. B. , Hackenberger Branimir K. , Scott-Fordsmand Janeck J.
Published: September 2022

Although standard testing guidelines use a species as a representative surrogate, species-specific sensitivity is well-known. The aim of this study was to investigate the species-specific difference in avoidance behaviour among Collembola species exposed to silver (Ag) nanomaterials (NM) (Ag NM300K). The avoidance test was performed with Folsomia candida, an international standard species in laboratory tests, and five widely distributed species with different life history traits, commonly used in small multispecies systems (Folsomia fimetaria, Proisotoma minuta, Mesaphorura macrochaeta, Protaphorura fimata and Ceratophysella denticulata). There was higher avoidance in euedaphic species, such as F. candida and F. fimetaria, compared to the epiedaphic species C. denticulata, which showed the least avoidance behaviour. An explanation may be that euedaphic species (living in deeper soil layers) are more directly exposed within the soil pores and have developed a pronounced avoidance behaviour. In contrast, species living on the surface are likely less directly exposed and hence only avoid at higher total concentrations. Additionally, difference in cuticula between the groups, providing different degrees of protection against exposure, can explain the different behaviours. The present results highlight the importance of biodiversity for the ecosystem and raise awareness on species sensitivity.
Highly Efficient Perfect Vortex Beams Generation Based on All-Dielectric Metasurface for Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Shafqat Muhammad Danial , Mahmood Nasir , Zubair Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Massoud Yehia
Published: September 2022

Featuring shorter wavelengths and high photon energy, ultraviolet (UV) light enables many exciting applications including photolithography, sensing, high-resolution imaging, and optical communication. The conventional methods of UV light manipulation through bulky optical components limit their integration in fast-growing on-chip systems. The advent of metasurfaces promised unprecedented control of electromagnetic waves from microwaves to visible spectrums. However, the availability of suitable and lossless dielectric material for the UV domain hindered the realization of highly efficient UV metasurfaces. Here, a bandgap-engineered silicon nitride (Si3N4) material is used as a best-suited candidate for all-dielectric highly efficient UV metasurfaces. To demonstrate the wavefront manipulation capability of the Si3N4 for the UV spectrum, we design and numerically simulate multiple all-dielectric metasurfaces for the perfect vortex beam generation by combing multiple phase profiles into a single device. For different numerical apertures (NA =0.3 and 0.7), it is concluded that the diffracted light from the metasurfaces with different topological charges results in an annular intensity profile with the same ring radius. It is believed that the presented Si3N4 materials and proposed design methodology for PV beam-generating metasurfaces will be applicable in various integrated optical and nanophotonic applications such as information processing, high-resolution spectroscopy, and on-chip optical communication.
The Domestic Dog as a Laboratory Host for Brugia malayi
Authors: Evans Christopher C. , Greenway Katelin E. , Campbell Elyssa J. , Dzimianski Michael T. , Mansour Abdelmoneim , McCall John W. , Moorhead Andrew R.
Published: September 2022

Of the three nematodes responsible for lymphatic filariasis in humans, only Brugia malayi is actively maintained in research settings owing to its viability in small animal hosts, principal among which is the domestic cat. While the microfilaremic feline host is necessary for propagation of parasites on any significant scale, this system is plagued by a number of challenges not as pronounced in canine filarial models. For this reason, we investigated the capacity in which dogs may serve as competent laboratory hosts for B. malayi. We infected a total of 20 dogs by subcutaneous injection of 500 B. malayi third-stage larvae (L3) in either a single (n = 10) or repeated infection events (125 L3 per week for four weeks; n = 10). Within each group, half of the individuals were injected in the inguinal region and half in the dorsum of the hind paw. To track the course of microfilaremia in this host, blood samples were examined by microscopy biweekly for two years following infection. Additionally, to identify cellular responses with potential value as predictors of patency, we measured peripheral blood leukocyte counts for the first year of infection. A total of 10 of 20 dogs developed detectable microfilaremia. Peak microfilaria density varied but attained levels useful for parasite propagation (median = 1933 mL−1; range: 33–9950 mL−1). Nine of these dogs remained patent at 104 weeks. A two-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences between infection groups in lifetime microfilaria production (p = 0.42), nor did regression analysis reveal any likely predictive relationships to leukocyte values. The results of this study demonstrate the competence of the dog as a host for B. malayi and its potential to serve in the laboratory role currently provided by the cat, while also clarifying the potential for zoonosis in filariasis-endemic regions.
Physicochemical Water Quality Influence on the Parasite Biodiversity in Juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Farmed at Valle Del Mezquital in the Central-Eastern Socioeconomic Region of Mexico
Authors: Acosta-Pérez Víctor-Johan , Vega-Sánchez Vicente , Fernández-Martínez Tomás-Eduardo , Zepeda-Velázquez Andrea-Paloma , Reyes-Rodríguez Nydia-Edith , Ponce-Noguez Jesús-Benjamín , Peláez-Acero Armando , de-la-Rosa-Arana Jorge-Luis , Gómez-De-Anda Fabián-Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Aquaculture parasite biodiversity dependents on multiple environmental characteristics, including water quality. The analysis of this relationship aims to support improvements in the production management of tilapia. For this purpose, a total of 100 juvenile fishes (Oreochromis spp.) and 30 water samples were collected at Valle del Mezquital in the Central-Eastern socioeconomical region of Mexico. A study of parasite biodiversity was carried out and water quality parameters were determined. Biodiversity in the habitat was measured using the Simpson diversity index, which considers the number of species present and the abundance of each one; we also calculate the Berger-Parker index to estimate the proportional importance of the most abundant species. In general, it was found that 86% of the examined specimens were parasitized. Parasite biodiversity was 11 genera (Simpson index = 0.55). Trichodina spp. (Ciliophora) was the dominant genus (Berger-Parker index = 0.51). The protozoa Apiosoma spp. was associated with the water hardness (Berger-Parker index = 0.57). Furthermore, the presence of monogeneans showed a positive correlation with the levels of nitrites and ammonium in the water (Berger-Parker index = 0.06–0.55). This characterization may represent a useful tool in the comprehensive management of parasites that affect the farmed tilapia. However, new data is necessary to expand the knowledge about the environment-host-parasite relationship.
Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Raw Milk and Sera of Cows in China
Authors: Liu Yu-Min , Zhang Yang-Yang , Wang Lu , Wang Hai-Yang , Li Chun-Hua , Jiang Yu-Hang , Sun Wu-Wen
Published: September 2022

Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide food-borne protozoa that has harmful influences on animal and human health. Raw milk containing T. gondii has been considered as one of the possible infectious sources for humans. Although China is one of the world’s leading milk consumers, there is still no study to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in raw cow milk in China; especially for cows in rural areas. Thus, we conducted this study to examine the specific anti-T. gondii IgG-antibody in the raw milk and sera of domestic cows in China. In total, 894 cows were randomly selected from rural areas in northeastern China. The positive rate of T. gondii in the milk and serum samples were 6.38% (57/894) and 7.16% (64/894), respectively. Moreover, a history of abortion (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.11–3.72, p = 0.022) was identified as the only risk factor for T. gondii infection in the studied cows. This study investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the raw milk and sera of cows in China; it provided timely and useful data for public health and food safety, especially in rural areas.
Genetics and Pathogenicity of Natural Reassortant of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Emerging in Latvia
Authors: Pikuła Anna , Lisowska Anna
Published: September 2022

Infectious bursal disease virus is an immunosuppressive pathogen that, despite applied vaccination, is affecting the poultry industry worldwide. This report presents the genetic and pathotypic characterization of a natural reassortant emerging in Europe (Latvia). Genetic characterization showed that strain 25/11/Latvia/2011 represents genotype A3B1, whose segment A is derived from very virulent strains, while segment B is from the classic-like genogroup. Phylogenetic maximum likelihood inference of the B-segment sequence clustered the reassortant strain together with the US antigenic variant E strain. However, the obtained full-length sequence of 25/11/Latvia/2011 revealed that not only reassortment but also dozens of mutations shaped the unique genetic makeup. Phenotypic characterization showed no mortality and no clinical signs of disease but a severe bursa of Fabricius atrophy and splenomegaly in the convalescent birds at 10 days post infection. The results obtained indicate that the acquired genetic constellation contributed to a decrease in virulence; nevertheless, the infection causes severe damage to lymphoid organs, which can lead to impaired immune responses.
Mannosylated Polymeric Ligands for Targeted Delivery of Antibacterials and Their Adjuvants to Macrophages for the Enhancement of the Drug Efficiency
Authors: Zlotnikov Igor D. , Ezhov Alexander A. , Petrov Rostislav A. , Vigovskiy Maksim A. , Grigorieva Olga A. , Belogurova Natalya G. , Kudryashova Elena V.
Published: September 2022

Bacterial infections and especially resistant strains of pathogens localized in macrophages and granulomas are intractable diseases that pose a threat to millions of people. In this paper, the theoretical and experimental foundations for solving this problem are proposed due to two key aspects. The first is the use of a three-component polymer system for delivering fluoroquinolones to macrophages due to high-affinity interaction with mannose receptors (CD206). Cytometry assay determined that 95.5% macrophage-like cells were FITC-positive after adding high-affine to CD206 trimannoside conjugate HPCD-PEI1.8-triMan, and 61.7% were FITC-positive after adding medium-affine ligand with linear mannose label HPCD-PEI1.8-Man. The second aspect is the use of adjuvants, which are synergists for antibiotics. Using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown that molecular containers, namely mannosylated polyethyleneimines (PEIs) and cyclodextrins (CDs), load moxifloxacin (MF) with dissociation constants of the order of 10−4–10−6 M; moreover, due to prolonged release and adsorption on the cell membrane, they enhance the effect of MF. Using CLSM, it was shown that eugenol (EG) increases the penetration of doxorubicin (Dox) into cells by an order of magnitude due to the creation of defects in the bacterial wall and the inhibition of efflux proteins. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that 0.5% EG penetrates into bacteria and inhibits efflux proteins, which makes it possible to increase the maximum concentration of the antibiotic by 60% and maintain it for several hours until the pathogens are completely neutralized. Regulation of efflux is a possible way to overcome multiple drug resistance of both pathogens and cancer cells.
Promoting Cultural Humility by Integrating Health Equity Literature into the Pharmacy Curriculum
Authors: Venditto Vincent J. , Colón Kristie
Published: September 2022

Strategies that introduce students to unconscious bias and social determinants of health (SDOH) are critical to develop them as effective health care providers. We developed a semester-long activity that utilizes disease-relevant scientific literature to implement cultural humility training in a second-year rheumatology pharmacy course. Students were first re-introduced to implicit bias and then completed an anonymous survey at the beginning and conclusion of the course using a 5-point Likert scale to assess their perceptions of the role of biases and SDOH in patient care. Throughout the semester, five journal articles were assigned that relate to course material and focus on one characteristic (e.g., gout—gender). Students’ evolved perceptions of SDOH were compared to baseline data and characteristics of assigned articles indicate an improved understanding of SDOH including race/ethnicity (3.0 to 4.4, p < 0.0001); gender (2.8 to 4.0, p < 0.0001); and religion (2.3 to 2.9, p < 0.01). Among characteristics that were not directly discussed in the assignments, only education showed a significant increase (3.0 to 3.6, p < 0.01). Scientific articles that focus on health inequities relevant to course-specific diseases provide a strategy to integrate discussions that help students evaluate their biases and SDOH with the goal of improving patient care.
Community Pharmacist Consultation Service: A Survey Exploring Factors Facilitating or Hindering Community Pharmacists’ Ability to Apply Learnt Skills in Practice
Authors: Seston Elizabeth M. , Anoliefo Chiamaka Julia , Guo Jinghua , Lane Joanne , Okoro Aroh Chikwado , White Samantha , Schafheutle Ellen I.
Published: September 2022

Background: The NHS Community Pharmacist Consultation Service (CPCS) offers patients requiring urgent care a consultation with a community pharmacist, following referral from general practice or urgent care. The study explored the impact of undertaking a Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education (CPPE) CPCS learning programme, and barriers and enablers to CPCS delivery. Methods: CPPE distributed an online survey to those who had undertaken their CPCS learning. The survey explored participants’ knowledge, confidence and application of taught skills/tools, including clinical history-taking, clinical assessment, record keeping, transfer of care, and Calgary-Cambridge, L(ICE)F and SBARD communication tools. Details on barriers and enablers to CPCS delivery were also included. Results: One-hundred-and-fifty-nine responses were received (response rate 5.6%). Knowledge of, and confidence in, taught skills were high and respondents reported applying skills in CPCS consultations and wider practice. Barriers to CPCS included a lack of general practice referrals, staffing levels, workload, and GP attitudes. Enablers included a clear understanding of what was expected, minimal concerns over indemnity cover and privacy, and positive patient attitudes towards pharmacy. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that community pharmacists can extend their practice and contribute to the enhanced provision of urgent care in England. This study identified barriers, both interpersonal and infrastructural, that may hinder service implementation.
Exploring the Effect of Virtual Education on Student Pharmacists’ Confidence toward APPE Readiness
Authors: Mirzaian Edith , White Samara Jasmine , Karim Mona , Franson Kari L. , Wu Maryann , Wang Ying
Published: September 2022

A drop in confidence in Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) readiness was observed in students in the Class of 2022 prior to starting APPEs. We aim to investigate potential causes of students’ low confidence in APPE preparedness to provide solutions and to prevent this outcome with future students. We evaluated students’ perceived confidence to start APPEs and compared this to curricular changes, employment obligations, and the impact of COVID-19 on delivery of the pre-APPE and APPE curriculum. Students’ low confidence with APPE readiness was not indicative of the following factors: (1) delivery of the didactic curriculum, (2) students’ performance in the didactic curriculum, or (3) number of summative assessments in key didactic courses. Rather, the low confidence perception may have been due to differences such as a fully remote didactic experience in the P3 year, more virtual Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences (IPPEs), a reduced course load in the P3 spring semester, and changes to a pre-APPE preparatory course compared to other class years. The students’ self-reported midpoint scores during their first APPE block and preceptor’s evaluations on their performance contrasted their pre-APPE perceptions. Frequent in-person and on-site skills assessments throughout the didactic curriculum seem to reinforce confidence before APPEs.
Induction, Proliferation, Regeneration and Kinsenoside and Flavonoid Content Analysis of the Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl Protocorm-like Body
Authors: Wang Hongzhen , Chen Xinying , Yan Xiaoyun , Xu Zhixia , Shao Qingsong , Wu Xueqian , Tou Lingjuan , Fang Li , Wei Mingming , Wang Huasen
Published: September 2022

Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl has been used in Chinese herbal medicine for treating various ailments. However, its wild resources are endangered, and artificial cultivation of the plant is limited by the low regeneration rate of conventional propagation methods. The lack of A. roxburghii resources is detrimental to the commercial production of the plant and kinsenoside, which is unique to Anoectochilus species. To develop highly efficient methods for A. roxburghii micropropagation and find alternative resources for kinsenoside production, we created an induction, proliferation, and regeneration of PLBs (IPR-PLB) protocol for A. roxburghii. We also analyzed the kinsenoside and flavonoid contents during the induction and proliferation of PLBs. The best media of IPR-PLB for PLB induction and proliferation (secondary PLB induction and proliferation), shoot formation, and rooting medium were Murashige and Skoog (MS) + 3 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) + 0.5 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) + 0.8 mg/L zeatin (ZT) + 0.2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), MS + 3 mg/L 6-BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA, and MS + 0.5 mg/L NAA, respectively. On these optimized media, the PLB induction rate was 89 ± 2.08%, secondary PLB induction rate was 120 ± 5%, secondary PLB proliferation rate was 400 ± 10% and 350 ± 10 % in terms of the quantity and biomass at approximately 1 month, shoot induction rate was 10.5 shoots/PLB mass, and root induction rate was 98%. All plantlets survived after acclimation. Darkness or weak light were essential for PLB proliferation, and light was crucial for PLB differentiation on these optimized media. The kinsenoside contents of PLBs and secondary PLBs were 10.38 ± 0.08 and 12.30 ± 0.08 mg/g fresh weight (FW), respectively. Moreover, the peak kinsenoside content during the proliferation of secondary PLBs was 34.27 ± 0.79 mg/g FW, which was slightly lower than that of the whole plant (38.68 ± 3.12 mg/g FW). Two flavonoids exhibited tissue- or temporal-specific accumulation patterns, and astragalin accumulated exclusively during the first 2 weeks of cultivation. The IPR-PLB protocol for A. roxburghii may facilitate the efficient micropropagation of A. roxburghii plants. Furthermore, the PLBs are a good alternative resource for kinsenoside production.
Chemical Constituents of Callistemon subulatus and Their Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Activity against Human PANC-1 Cell Line
Authors: Maneenet Juthamart , Tawila Ahmed M. , Omar Ashraf M. , Phan Nguyen Duy , Ojima Chiharu , Kuroda Masahiro , Sato Mao , Mizoguchi Mio , Takahashi Ikue , Awale Suresh
Published: September 2022

An n-hexane extract of Callistemon subulatus was found to exhibit potent cytotoxicity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells, preferentially under nutrition starvation conditions, with a PC50 value of 6.2 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of this bioactive extract resulted in the isolation of fifteen compounds (1–15), including a new compound, subulatone A (–). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated using HRFABMS and NMR spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds were tested for their preferential cytotoxicity against the PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line, using an anti-austerity strategy. Among these, myrtucommulone A (2) showed highly potent preferential cytotoxicity, with a PC50 value of 0.28 µM. Myrtucommulone A (2) was found to alter PANC-1 cell morphology, inhibit cell migration, and downregulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and autophagy signaling pathways in nutrient-deprived media, leading to cancer cell death. Therefore, myrtucommulone A (2) is a lead compound for anticancer drug development based on an anti-austerity strategy.
Improvement of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni In Vitro Propagation and Steviol Glycoside Content Using Aminoacid Silver Nanofibers
Authors: Sichanova Mariana , Geneva Maria , Petrova Maria , Miladinova-Georgieva Kameliya , Kirova Elisaveta , Nedev Trendafil , Tsekova Daniela , Iwanov Iwan , Dochev Konstantin , Ivanova Viktoria , Trendafilova Antoaneta
Published: September 2022

The food industry is interested in replacing artificial sweeteners with natural sugars that possess zero calories and carbohydrates and do not cause spikes in blood sugar levels. The steviosides leaves, synthesized at Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, are 300 times sweeter than common table sugar. Stevia propagation is limited due to the poor viability of the seeds, the long time and low germination rate, and the poor rooting ability of vegetative cuttings. Because of this, an alternative biotechnological method for its reproduction is being studied, such as multiple shoot production through direct organogenesis using nanofibers, formed from a derivative of amino acid valine as a carrier of the biologically active agent silver atoms/particles (NF-1%Ag and NF-2%Ag). The stevia explants were cultured on a medium containing NF-1%Ag and NF-2%Ag at concentrations of 1, 10, 50, and 100 mg L−1. The NF-1%Ag and NF-2%Ag treatment caused hormetic effects on stevia plantlets. At low concentrations of from 1 to 50 mg L−1 of nanofibers, the stimulation of plant growth was observed, with the maximum effect being observed at 50 mg L−1 nanofibers. However, at the higher dose of 100 mg L−1, inhibition of the values of parameters characterizing plant growth was recorded. The presence of nanofibers in the medium stimulates stevia root formatting.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Qi-Invigorating Effects in Traditional Medicine: Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Unique Functions of Qi-Invigorating Herb Group
Authors: Tran Minh Nhat , Kim Soyoung , Nguyen Quynh Hoang Ngan , Lee Sanghun
Published: September 2022

Qi-invigorating herbs (QIHs) are a group of herbs that invigorate Qi, the most vital force for maintaining the physiological functions of the human body in traditional medicine. However, the mechanism underlying the Qi-invigorating effects remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the unique mechanisms of QIHs based on unique compounds, using a network pharmacology approach. QIHs and their compounds were identified using existing literature and the TCMSP database, respectively. Subsequently, a method was proposed to screen for unique compounds that are common in QIHs but rare in other traditional herbs. Unique compounds’ targets were predicted using the TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Finally, enriched GO and KEGG pathways were obtained using DAVID to uncover the biomolecular functions and mechanisms. Thirteen unique compounds, mainly including amino acids and vitamins that participate in energy metabolism and improve Qi deficiency syndrome, were identified among the eight QIHs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that these compounds commonly participate in neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction and the metabolism of amino acids, and are related to the components of mitochondria and neuronal cells. Our results appropriately reflect the characteristics of traditional Qi-invigorating effects; therefore, this study facilitates the scientific interpretation of Qi functions and provides evidence regarding the treatment effectiveness of QIHs.
Large-Scale Heat-Tolerance Screening and Genetic Diversity of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Germplasms
Authors: Wang Dong , Yang Tao , Liu Rong , Li Nana , Ahmad Naveed , Li Guan , Ji Yishan , Wang Chenyu , Li Mengwei , Yan Xin , Ding Hanfeng , Zong Xuxiao
Published: September 2022

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important legume crop. However, the yield of pea is adversely affected by heat stress in China. In this study, heat-tolerant germplasms were screened and evaluated in the field under multi-conditions. The results showed that heat stress could significantly affect pea yield. On the basis of grain weight per plant, 257 heat-tolerant and 175 heat-sensitive accessions were obtained from the first year’s screening, and 26 extremely heat-tolerant and 19 extremely heat-sensitive accessions were finally obtained in this study. Based on SNaPshot technology, two sets of SNP markers, including 46 neutral and 20 heat-tolerance-related markers, were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the 432 pea accessions obtained from the first year’s screening. Genetic diversity analysis showed that the average polymorphic information content was lower using heat-tolerance-related markers than neutral markers because of the selective pressure under heat stress. In addition, population genetic structure analysis showed that neutral markers divided the 432 pea accessions into two subpopulations associated with sowing date type and geographical origin, while the heat-tolerance-related markers divided these germplasms into two subpopulations associated with heat tolerance and sowing date type. Overall, we present a comprehensive resource of heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive pea accessions through heat-tolerance screenings in multi-conditions, which could help genetic improvements of pea in the future.
Seedling Biometry of nud Knockout and win1 Knockout Barley Lines under Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Antonova Elena V. , Shimalina Nadezhda S. , Korotkova Anna M. , Kolosovskaya Ekaterina V. , Gerasimova Sophia V. , Khlestkina Elena K.
Published: September 2022

The genes NUD and WIN1 play a regulatory role in cuticle organization in barley. A knockout (KO) of each gene may alter plant mechanisms of adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. A putative pleiotropic effect of NUD or WIN1 gene mutations in barley can be assessed in a series of experiments in the presence or absence of a provoking factor. Ionizing radiation is widely used in research as a provoking factor for quantifying adaptive potential of living organisms. Our aim was to evaluate initial stages of growth and development of barley lines with a KO of NUD or WIN1 under radiation stress. Air-dried barley grains with different KOs and wild-type control (WT) were exposed to γ-radiation at 50, 100, or 200 Gy at a dose rate of 0.74 R/min. Approximately 30 physiological parameters were evaluated, combined into groups: (1) viability, (2) radiosensitivity, and (3) mutability of barley seed progeny. Seed germination, seedling survival, and shoot length were similar among all barley lines. Naked nud KO lines showed lower weights of seeds, roots, and seedlings and shorter root length as compared to win1 KO lines. The shoot-to-root length ratio of nud KO lines’ seedlings exceeded that of win1 KO and WT lines. In terms of the number of seedlings with leaves, all the KO lines were more sensitive to pre-sowing γ-irradiation. Meanwhile, the radioresistance of nud KO lines (50% growth reduction dose [RD50] = 318–356 Gy) and WT plants (RD50 = 414 Gy) judging by seedling weight was higher than that of win1 KO lines (RD50 = 201–300 Gy). Resistance of nud KO lines to radiation was also demonstrated by means of root length (RD50 = 202–254 Gy) and the shoot-to-root length ratio. WT seedlings had the fewest morphological anomalies. In nud KO lines, mainly alterations of root shape were found, whereas in win1 KO lines, changes in the color and shape of leaves were noted. Thus, seedlings of nud KO lines are characterized mainly by changes in the root system (root length, root number, and root anomalies). For win1 KO lines, other parameters are sensitive (shoot length and alterations of leaf shape and color). These data may indicate a pleiotropic effect of genes NUD and WIN1 in barley.
Highly Flame-Retardant and Low Heat/Smoke-Release Wood Materials: Fabrication and Properties
Authors: Deng Ze-Peng , Fu Teng , Song Xin , Wang Zi-Li , Guo De-Ming , Wang Yu-Zhong , Song Fei
Published: September 2022

Wood is an important renewable material exhibiting excellent physical and mechanical properties, environmental friendliness, and sustainability, and has been widely applied in daily life. However, its inherent flammability and susceptibility to fungal attack greatly limit its application in many areas. Use of fire-retardant coatings and preservatives has endowed wood with improved safety performance; importantly, the cooperative effect of dual treatments on the burning behavior and flame retardancy of wood needs to be better understood. Here, a two-step treatment for wood is proposed, with a copper–boron preservative (CBP) and a fire-retardant coating. The thermal degradation and burning behavior of treated wood were investigated. The CBP formed a physical barrier on the wood surface, facilitating a charring process at high temperatures and thus suppressing the release of heat and smoke. Notably, the dual-treated wood exhibited lower heat release and reduced smoke emission compared with the mono-treated wood, indicating a cooperative effect between CBP and fire-retardant coatings, beneficial to the improvement of fire safety. This experimental work improved fire retardance and suppressed smoke release in flammable materials, and offers a new design for developing fire-retardant coatings.
The impact of smoking on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality
Authors:   High Technology Park, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, Krivosheev V. V. , Stolyarov A. I. ,   High Technology Park, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, Nikitina L. U. ,   Clinical and Diagnostic Center «Medsi na Belorusskoj», Moscow, Russia, Semenov A. A. ,   High Technology Park, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
Published: September 2022

Many articles by foreign authors, published in scientific journals with a stable international reputation, contain claims that smoking tobacco reduces the likelihood of infection with SARS-CoV-2. To study this issue, a correlation analysis was carried out to assess the dependence between the proportion of women and men who smoke in 94 countries located in Eurasia, North and South America, Australia, where more than 64 % of the world’s population lives, and the incidence and mortality of the population from COVID-19 during the period from February 1 to November 21, 2021. The results showed that an increase in the proportion of the population who smokes is always accompanied by an increase in morbidity and mortality among the world’s population. This tendency is especially pronounced in Europe, the USA and Canada, with the most detrimental effect of smoking on the growth of mortality. The results obtained allow us to reject with a high degree of confidence the conclusions about the protective effect of smoking from infection with SARS-CoV-2 and provide the media, medical, educational and educational institutions with additional arguments for informing the population about the negative consequences of smoking, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Physical culture and recreation work at school: parents’ view
Authors:   Moscow City University (MCU), Moscow, Russia, Sobolevskaya T. A. , Ryabova I. V. ,   Moscow City University (MCU), Moscow, Russia, Chernogorov D. N. ,   Moscow City University (MCU), Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of a survey of parents of Moscow school students in order to study their attitude to physical education lessons and physical culture work at school. The survey (March — April 2022) was attended by 491 parents whose children study in 23 educational complexes in Moscow. The results of the survey showed that today there are problems in the organization of physical culture and recreation work at school. There is a request from the participants of educational relations for the development and creation of technologies to improve the level of physical health of a Moscow school student through a physical education lesson and other types of recreational work, including in an electronic educational environment and distance learning.
Formation of adaptive reporting to ensure internal control over the development of inter-organizational relations in the integrated structures of the agro-industrial complex
Authors:   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Khoruzhy L. I. , Katkov Yu. N. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Romanova A. A. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Katkova E. A. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2022

The article provides a theoretical justification of management reporting in order to ensure inter-organizational cooperation of agricultural formations as an effective tool for maintaining the competitiveness of the domestic agricultural sector in unstable economic and political conditions. The dynamic development of economic relations has influenced the use of new methodological solutions, including in relation to the system of economic security of inter-organizational cooperation. In order to promptly obtain the necessary data, form and present information in management accounting to determine the level of inter-organizational relations of agro-industrial complex organizations and make important management decisions, an analytical tool is required that allows monitoring the development of the level of cooperation in a short time.
Accounting support of seasonal production of agricultural organizations
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Stavropol State Agrarian University», Stavropol, Russia, Kostyukova E. I. , Tatarinova M. N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Stavropol State Agrarian University», Stavropol, Russia
Published: September 2022

The production cycle of agriculture directly depends on the biological characteristics of cultivated plants and diluted animals. In this regard, there is an uneven use of working labor, the means of production throughout the reporting year. The accounting process of seasonal costs is the current issue for the agricultural industry. The article discusses options for organizing expenses in the off-season period and the procedure for their write -off during the work period.
Causas del incremento de la trata de personas y la vulneración de los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Solorzano Diaz Linda Lizbeth , Ludeña González Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar las causas del incremento del delito de trata de personas frente a la vulneración de los derechos fundamentales de las víctimas. La metodología estuvo basada en una revisión bibliográfica de búsqueda de significación entre “causas del incremento de trata de personas” y “vulneración de los derechos humanos”. Se tiene como resultado la percepción de que estos delitos no solo son pluriofensivos, sino que, afectan a los más frágiles de la sociedad, siendo que gran parte de las víctimas son niños, niñas, adolescentes y mujeres adultas, a quienes se les vulnera sus derechos fundamentales existiendo un aumento progresivo en el número de casos. Se concluye que estas causas sobrevienen por dificultades económicas a raíz de la falta de estabilidad socioeconómica, lo que tiende a repercutir en el desempleo, falta de educación y marcada carencia de interés y legitimidad de las autoridades.
Advances in Delivering Oxidative Modulators for Disease Therapy
Authors: Yang Wei , Yue Hua , Lu Guihong , Wang Wenjing , Deng Yuan , Ma Guanghui , Wei Wei
Published: September 2022

Oxidation modulators regarding antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducers have been used for the treatment of many diseases. However, a systematic review that refers to delivery system for divergent modulation of oxidative level within the biomedical scope is lacking. To provide a comprehensive summarization and analysis, we review pilot designs for delivering the oxidative modulators and the main applications for inflammatory treatment and tumor therapy. On the one hand, the antioxidants based delivery system can be employed to downregulate ROS levels at inflammatory sites to treat inflammatory diseases (e.g., skin repair, bone-related diseases, organ dysfunction, and neurodegenerative diseases). On the other hand, the ROS inducers based delivery system can be employed to upregulate ROS levels at the tumor site to kill tumor cells (e.g., disrupt the endogenous oxidative balance and induce lethal levels of ROS). Besides the current designs of delivery systems for oxidative modulators and the main application cases, prospects for future research are also provided to identify intelligent strategies and inspire new concepts for delivering oxidative modulators.
Earthquake Epicenters in Utah, July-December, 1976
Authors: Cook Kenneth L.
Published: September 2022

Earthquake epicenters in and near Utah for July through December 1976, with dates of occurrences and approximate Richter magnitudes, are listed below. No attempt has been made to include events that were known blasts, but to discriminate man-made events from real earthquakes is often problematical; and a few events included in the list may in fact be artificial
Around the Henry Mountains with Charlie Hanks
Authors: Hunt Chas B.
Published: September 2022

It was my good fortune in 1935 to be assigned chief of a U. S. Geological Survey field party studying and mapping the geology of the Henry Mountains in Utah. Geologically the area is of great interest because of the classic work done in 1876 by G. K. Gilbert for the Powell Survey. In the 1930's the area still was frontier-a long distance from railroads, paved roads, telephones, stores, or medical services. It was the heart of an area the size of New York State without a railroad, and a third of that area without any kind of road. This was not Marlboro country; it was Bull Durham country. The geological work had to be done by pack train ; it was about the last of the big packtrain surveys in the west - the end of an era. It was my good fortune also to obtain the services of a veteran horseman who knew that country, Charles R. Hanks of Green River, Utah. Charlie served as packer during each of my five field seasons in the area. He had played a leading role in the history of the area; the town of Hanksville was named for his father when a post office was established there in 1885. Charlie, an old time cow puncher, had spent more hours in saddles than he had in chairs, and he had slept more nights on the ground under the stars than he had in bed under a roof. Most of his meals had been before an open fire on the range. He knew that country , both its good features and its hazards. He knew and understood horses and mules and knew how to travel and live comfortably in the desert and the mountains. And he learned about geologists.