bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La venta de insumos médicos y su repercusión dentro de la defraudación tributaria
Authors: Ruiz-Salgado Myriam Valeria , Peñaherrera-Calle Christel Renata , Llerena-Ramírez José Miguel
Published: February 2021

La investigación se centró en analizar la venta de insumos médicos y su repercusión dentro de la defraudación tributaria en el Ecuador. Metodológicamente es de carácter descriptiva documental con diseño bibliográfico no experimental, se trabajó con una muestra poblacional de 65 usuarias de los servicios de salud pública en medio de la pandemia por COVID – 19. El 65% de las personas encuestadas coinciden en que se debería fortalecer o endurecer las penas sobre los delitos de corrupción con bienes públicos tomando, así como interpretación que las y los ciudadanos encuestados ven viable que esta sea la solución. Al analizar el marco legal ecuatoriano se pudo evidenciar que existen una gran cantidad de leyes las cuales reconocen y garantizan la defraudación tributaria las cuales respaldan que el sobre precio en los insumos médicos y su repercusión en la sociedad cuando estos son revendidos o supuestamente comprados a un precio elevado.
Vulneración de los derechos de la población infantil que realiza actividades de trabajo
Authors: Arreaga-Farías Gisela , Avilez-Sandoval Nicoll Marí , Morejón-Vásquez Karla Mercedes
Published: February 2021

El trabajo infantil priva a los niños, niñas y adolescentes de su proceso de crecimiento e impide el despliegue de su intelecto, capacidades, potencialidades y aspiraciones fundamentales para su desarrollo integral. La investigación tiene como objetivo general fue analizar la vulneración de los derechos de la población infantil que realiza actividades de trabajo. Se basa en la revisión metódica, rigurosa y profunda de material documental. Se utilizó para este tipo de estudio, documentos que se recolectaron, seleccionaron, analizaron. El diseño bibliográfico se apoya en los procesos lógicos y mentales. Se organizó un proceso investigativo en donde la población de estudio se basó primordialmente en documentos escritos como normas, leyes, estadísticas y se apoyó en el método analítico–sintético. Se concluye que el Estado debe ampliar el cumplimento de las normas y tratados con el interés superior de la niñez y adolescente en lo concerniente a su vulneración como trabajador.
Obligación de dar alimentos para la mujer embarazada y menores de edad como atención primaria
Authors: Mosquera-Endara Mónica-del-Rocío , Avalos-Salazar Andrés Sebastián , Baquero-Marañón Dany
Published: February 2021

The research was based on the objective of analyzing the obligation to provide food for pregnant women and minors as primary care in Ecuador. It was based on a quantitative approach through a descriptive documentary methodology with a non-experimental bibliographic design. Children and adolescents as well as pregnant women are part of the group of people with priority attention, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador. The Childhood and Adolescence Code is the normative body that ensures compliance with the rights and duties of children and adolescents, the same that according to their needs as time passes has had to be subject to reforms. Parents have obligations towards their children, this is how there is parental co-responsibility.
Reinserción social de privados de libertad del centro de rehabilitación social de Babahoyo año 2019
Authors: España-Herrería Marcia , Trejo-Jurado Carlos Adalberto
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en identificar la vulneración de los derechos y garantías penitenciarias, en cuanto a la reinserción de las personas privadas de libertad del Centro de Rehabilitación Social de Babahoyo en el año 2019. La investigación documental, enmarcado en un diseño documental, ya que se analiza y estudia una serie de datos obtenidos relacionados a la reinserción social de los privados de libertad, procedentes de leyes, normas, tesis entre otras fuentes bibliográficas La población está constituida por leyes, normas, tesis, revistas; fundamentando el contenido teórico y jurídico. La técnica de análisis de contenido, permitió estudiar y considerar las variables, generando la relación de las mismas Se concluye que la rehabilitación social, no está respondiendo al sistema progresivo de reinserción social, debido a una administración inoperante que ha permitido el abuso y vulneración de los derechos humanos y el Estado deberá redimensionar la gestión que se desarrolla en los centros de rehabilitación.
Reduccion de la remuneracion y jornada laboral por emergencia sanitaria
Authors: Ochoa-Díaz Cesar Eduardo , Centeno-Maldonado Paul Alejandro , Cristhian-Ricardo Abarca Esparza , Dennis-Paúl Damian Tiuma
Published: February 2021

La investigación tiene por objetivo analizar la reducción de la remuneracion y jornada laboral  por emergencia sanitaria en el Ecuador. Se desarrolló desde una metodología descriptiva documental con diseño bibliográfico, realizándose un arqueo de documentos en la web. A raiz de la reduccion de los salarios se incrementa la crisis ya que, los salarios bajan y sin embargo la canasta basica, los servicios, y las necesidades de productos de proteccion, bioseguridad no baja, tampoco bajan los impuestos las tazas ni las contribuciones que se deben pagar, el estado antes de tomar desisciones de reduccion de salarios deberia analizar la situacion economica del pais para asi poder desarrollar una solucion acertada sin que no afecte de manera drastica la condicion socioeconomica de las personas, pudiendo llevar una vida integra y respetando el derecho del SUMAK.
Derechos Humanos desde el impacto ambiental de residuos sólidos
Authors: Molina-Manzo Alexandra Dolores , Campuzano-Jarrín Inés María , Camino-Angulo July Dayanara
Published: February 2021

La basura es el principal problema sanitario y ambiental mundo. En el cantón Montalvo, la disposición final de la basura, se encuentra ubicado en las riberas del rio Cristal y vertientes, no cuenta con ningún tipo de tratamiento, ocasionando terribles daños para la comunidad más cercana, que es el recinto la Ernestina. El objetivo general de la investigación es exponer la vulneración de derechos de los habitantes del recinto la Ernestina ya que están siendo afectados por la contaminación. La investigación es con una visión paradigmática cuantitativa, de tipo documental bibliográfica. Como métodos aplicados se utilizaron el sintético y el analítico. Se concluye que se hace necesario se respeten los derechos establecidos en la Carta fundamental permitiendo proteger la naturaleza y la salud de los habitantes, y se pueda dar cumplimiento con lo que reza en los postulados constitucionales respecto a los derechos de todas las personas y el medio ambiente.
Vulneración de derechos por efecto del impacto del coronavirus en el Ecuador
Authors: Machado-Maliza Mesías Elías , Guarco-Erazo Byron Andrés , Soria-Pulig Ulbio Manuel
Published: February 2021

La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la vulneración de derechos por efecto del impacto del coronavirus en el Ecuador en los suburbios de la ciudad de Guayaquil – Ecuador. Se trabajó desde una concepción metodológica descriptiva – documental. El estudio focalizado en una clase baja muestra de manera evidente la cruda realidad que diariamente viven estas personas y la gran afectación que pueden llegar a tener si nos ataca una pandemia de esta magnitud como lo es el Covid-19, al enfrentar una pandemia tan poderosa e impredecible afecta desde las  más ricas pero con mayor efecto a las personas de baja clase, por cuanto la falta de recursos no les permite tener acceso a una alimentación adecuada y lo primordial a la medicina que es lo fundamental para enfrentar a esta pandemia lo cual conlleva a una vulneración evidente de derechos garantizados por nuestra constitución que en muchas ocasiones es letra muerta.
La proyección deontológica del abogado patrocinador en el proceso penal
Authors: Andino-Guerrero Alexandra Judith , Verdezoto-Loachamin Laura Cristina
Published: February 2021

Partiendo de la sólida formación deontológica, ética y profesional, que debe poseer el abogado para cumplir su cometido durante el proceso jurídico, se presenta la siguiente investigación, cuyo objetivo es analizar desde un sentido crítico, jurídico y doctrinario, cómo debe proyectarse el abogado patrocinador desde lo deontológico, lo ético y lo profesional en la práctica dentro del proceso penal. Desde la perspectiva cuantitativa y el método de análisis documental, para fundamentar la investigación tomando como base diferentes fuentes documentales, la técnica para tal fin, fue el análisis de contenido bibliográfico. Como parte de la muestra poblacional, generando resultados coherentes al objetivo planteado. Se encuestaron diez abogados del libre ejercicio que han tramitado asuntos penales, para lo cual se elaboró un cuestionario. Se concluye que, en la actualidad, el ejercicio de la abogacía en Ecuador enfrenta un estado de desconfianza que de una u otra manera mella la honradez y prestigio de la profesión.
Derechos de los grupos de atención prioritaria en el Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social
Authors: Saltos-Salgado Marco Fernando , Grijalva-Terán Carlos Alfonso
Published: February 2021

La siguiente investigación se basó en la observación a la vulneración de los derechos de los grupos de atención prioritaria en el Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social de la ciudad de Santo Domingo. Desde la perspectiva cuantitativa y a través de una investigación de campo se logró obtener y recolectar datos mediante un cuestionario aplicado a los usuarios del servicio, los adultos mayores y experiencia a través de sus familiares, para lo cual se elaboró diversas preguntas que arrojan respuestas precisas, con el único fin de obtener información necesaria y efectiva para la investigación, con adultos mayores en el Hospital antes mencionado. También se utilizó la investigación bibliográfica-documental, con el fin de obtener mayor información. En conclusión, se establece la necesidad de entablar los canales de atención prioritaria y canal de capital humano, cuyo resultado es la existencia de personal capacitado en atención de enfermedades degenerativas y catastróficas en el ámbito geriátrico.
La prueba ilícita y su exclusión en el juzgamiento de delitos de acción pública
Authors: Andino-Herrera Alexandra Judith , Espín-Minchala Evelyne Cecilia
Published: February 2021

En el procedimiento penal ecuatoriano la prueba ilícita constituye uno de los problemas más debatidos; la determinación de la ilicitud, sus causas y efectos, muchas veces son resueltos por los tribunales de manera insatisfactoria, y hasta contradictoria; problemas que se agudizan cuando en los procesos se incumplen mandatos constitucionales y legales en su obtención. El objetivo general del presente trabajo es fundamentar presupuestos teóricos sobre la prueba ilícita y su eliminación para la calificación de delitos de acción pública. La investigación desde el paradigma cuantitativo, se trabajó con una metodología de tipo descriptiva documental con un diseño bibliográfico, permitiendo indagar en fuentes bibliográficas y jurídicas, articulando un cuerpo reflexivo teórico. Se elaboró un cuestionario. Se concluye en que la exclusión de la prueba declarada ilícita no solo alcanza a la prueba obtenida directamente con vulneración de un derecho fundamental, sino también a las posteriores pruebas cuya obtención deriva de la inicial
Necesidad de normar la mediación como requisito previo obligatorio en los conflictos de alimentos
Authors: León-Rodríguez Iván Xavier , Sedeño-Jiménez Cristhian Teobaldo
Published: February 2021

La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la necesidad de normar la mediación como requisito previo obligatorio en los conflictos de alimentos en el Ecuador. Se desarrolló desde una metodología descriptiva documental con diseño bibliográfico no experimental. En el Centro de mediación de la función Judicial Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas De los   casos atendidos desde enero a diciembre 2017 en casos atendidos 2241, en audiencias instaladas 1242 equivale al 55,42 %, con acuerdos logrados 1152 que representa al 92,75%, en enero a diciembre 2018, en casos atendidos 20145, con audiencias instaladas 1156 equivale al 56,53%. La mediación es un método alterno de solución de conflictos en los juicios de alimentos cuyo procedimiento, genera mayor acceso para descongestionar en forma rápida las causas judiciales en la gestión de justicia y economiza tiempo, dinero, energías en comparación con un juicio.
Código de Trabajo con respecto al Despido Ineficaz
Authors: Beltrán-Ayala José María , Solís-Reyes Carlos Francisco
Published: February 2021

La investigación tiene por objetivo analizar el Código de Trabajo con respecto al Despido Ineficaz en el Cantón Santo Domingo – Ecuador. Se generó desde una perspectiva descriptiva con diseño no experimental. Ante un caso de “Despido Ineficaz” o de otra índole legal, existen dos personas, que son empleado y empleador, los que pueden acudir a la justicia buscando una resolución legal ante el descontento de lo actuado por una de los firmantes del contrato laboral. El 83% de los que buscan esta clase de resolución son los empleados, pero también existe el 17% de empleadores que se acercan a buscar la mediación de los jueces. El “Despido Ineficaz” no protege a los discapacitados fuera de esa protección, debido a que según la Ley Orgánica de Discapacidades solo les otorga la indemnización y no la readmisión laboral, dejando en evidencia una estabilidad laboral relativa para este grupo de trabajadores.
Factores asociados a mortalidad en pacientes Covid-19 en un Hospital del norte de Perú
Authors: Murrugarra-Suarez Saúl , Lora-Loza Miryam , Cabrejo-Paredes José , Mucha-Hospinal Luis , Fernandez-Cosavalente Hugo
Published: February 2021

Objetivo. Determinar los factores de riesgo sociodemográficos y clínicos relacionados con la mortalidad en pacientes COVID-19 en un Hospital del norte de Perú. Material y Métodos: la investigación se llevó a cabo en un Hospital del norte de Perú. La población la constituyeron 208 Historias Clínicas de pacientes COVID-19 atendidos entre Marzo a Julio del 2020. La variable independiente fueron los factores sociodemográficos tales como la edad, sexo y el estado civil y los factores clínicos como antecedentes epidemiológicos, los factores de riesgo (co-morbilidades) y el estado de salud y la variable dependiente fue la mortalidad Covid-19. Resultados: La mortalidad COVID-19 alcanzó al 46,20 % en pacientes mayores 65 años (51,90 %), de sexo masculino (60,40 %) y casados (65,40 %), con antecedentes epidemiológicos (37,5%), y factores de riesgo (comorbilidad) un 74,50 %, principalmente asociados con hipertensión arterial (8,2%), obesidad (3,4%) y diabetes mellitus II (1,9%), y comorbilidades indeterminadas (Otras) un 6,7%. No se presentó mortalidad en los pacientes cuyo estado de salud era Estable, mientras que los pacientes con estado de salud reservado y fallecieron representaron un 46,2%. Conclusión: La mortalidad por COVID-19 alcanzó un 46,20%; mayores de 65 años (51,90 %), de sexo masculino (60,40 %) y casados (65,40 %). Se encontró relación significativa entre factores sociodemográficos como la edad, factores clínicos (comorbilidad), en su mayoría hipertensión arterial, obesidad y diabetes mellitus II, y pacientes con estado de salud reservado con la mortalidad del COVID-19.
Cibercondría: Un nuevo ente clínico en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Ovalle-Quiñones Milluska , Vásquez-Tirado Gustavo A.
Published: February 2021

Introducción. Vivimos en un mundo globalizado que se mantiene conectado mediante el internet. Determinar la veracidad de la información que recibimos es difícil, más aún en aquella relacionada con la salud. El internet es una de las fuentes más populares para la búsqueda de información relacionada con la salud y esta conducta se incrementa en el contexto de brotes epidemiológicos. En el contexto de la pandemia actual, se ha encontrado un incremento de ansiedad por temas de salud, siento la principal preocupación el estar infectado por SARS-CoV-2. Estrategia de búsqueda: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed de todos los artículos publicados hasta el 30 de junio de 2020. La búsqueda de términos incluyo las palabras clave sugeridas por el vocabulario controlado Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) y conectores. Cibercondria, COVID-19 y Salud Mental: Es crucial el papel de los medios de comunicación, porque podrían inducir ansiedad en la población. La cibercondría implica experimentar ansiedad después de buscar información médica y abordar problemas de salud mediante el internet. Se origina como un comportamiento que busca la sensación de seguridad, sin embargo, tiene un carácter repetitivo y excesivo, lo que conduce a empeorar las preocupaciones. Uno de los riesgos es que los pacientes desarrollen desconfianza hacia el médico y mayor probabilidad de automedicación. La prevalencia de este ente, en nuestro país y en muchos otros es desconocida. En el marco de esta pandemia, es importante que la investigación se enfoque hallar pronto un medicamento eficaz o una vacuna; sin embargo, no debemos ignorar la salud mental de la población, que se ha visto impactada por todos los cambios sociales en nuestras vidas. Conclusiones: La cibercondría es un ente clínico nuevo, que conlleva a la búsqueda excesiva y repetitiva de información sobre temas de salud, en internet; incrementando la ansiedad en las personas. En el contexto de la actual pandemia es necesario evaluar dicho aspecto.
ACCOUNTING MODEL OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Shumilin P.E. , Eremenko V.A. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: February 2021

The digital development of the economy opens up new horizons for accounting. On the one hand, dissolution of accounting in corporate management systems takes place, on the other hand, the accounting functions for managing economic information remain relevant. This article uses the accounting modeling method. We offer a five-blocks accounting model of the decision support system. The model is formed by such blocks as the interface for collecting primary data on company transactions in the context of the formation of financial, managerial, strategic accounting accounts, ETL (extract, transform, loading) of processes for combining credentials from various sources within the framework of a structured work plan of accounts; predicted accounting iterations, having a synergistic, reorganization, reorganization, immunization, hedging and other areas; express audit of the management decision, which consists in assessing the impact of the management decision on the effectiveness of the company, which includes such elements as tax and legal expertise; SWOT analysis; reporting visualization tools that allow you to generate different types of reporting: financial, managerial, statistical, not just in tabular form, but using digital visualization methods; accounting and analytical indicators of managerial decisions, which can be described as a system of indicators reflecting the financial and economic situation of the enterprise under the influence of managerial decisions; the state of its financial stability, profitability, solvency, liquidity; the size of the property of the founders. The introduction and use of this model will allow generating relevant accounting information based on the needs of management, supporting the adoption of management decisions at a scientifically sound level that meets the criteria of business efficiency and protect the interests of owners.
Disabled people in housing estates
Authors: Rawski Kamil
Published: February 2021

Much attention is paid to adapting public buildings or transport for the disabled. Not much, however, to spaces where the journey to a given destination begins. The path that has to be walked from the apartment until reaching public transport can significantly hinder the lives of people with reduced mobility. A housing estate is also a place where people spend a large part of their free time. Therefore, in order not to exclude disabled people from social life, designing such places in an accessible way is extremely important. And exactly this issue was raised in this article.
Deteksi fraudulent financial reporting: suatu pendekatan menggunakan accrual based investment ratio dan cash based investment ratio
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Bengkulu, Abelingga Devanus , Puspa Midiastuty Pratana ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Bengkulu, Suranta Eddy ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Bengkulu, Indriani Rini ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Bengkulu
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to provide empirical evidence of the influence of Accrual Based Investment Ratio and Cash-Based Investment Ratios in detecting fraudulent financial reporting Research methodology: Fraudulent financial reporting in this study used a combined model of the cheating model (Beneish M-Score) with a bankruptcy model (Altman Z-Score). This study's sample was a non-financial company listed on the Stock Exchange during the observation period from 2010-2018. Sampling techniques with purposive sampling and obtained a total of 790 observations. Data processing was done via SPSS program version 16.0 using logistic regression. Results: This study proves that Earnings per Share, Dividend per Share ratio, Total Share Profitability Ratio, Dividend Profitability, Asset Efficiency Ratio influence in detecting fraudulent financial reporting while Price / Earning ratio, Dividend Ratio, Operating Cash Flow Ratio, Current Liability Coverage Ratio, Long Term Debt Coverage Ratio, Interest Coverage Ratio, Cash Generating Power Ratio, External Financing Index Ratio do not affect detecting fraudulent financial reporting Limitations: There are still inaccuracies in predicting Fraudulent Financial Reporting so that for future research, other combined models can be used in predicting Fraudulent Financial Reporting, including adding liquidity ratios, asset management ratios, debt management ratios, profitability ratios, and sufficiency ratios Contribution: This study provides implications for the signal theory that explains the usefulness of financial statements in decision making and predictions, including using financial ratios in predicting Fraudulent Financial Reporting Keywords: Fraudulent financial reporting, Accrual based investment ratio, Cash-based investment ratio, Beneish M-Score, Altman Z-score
Pengaruh pajak tangguhan dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap persistensi laba
Authors:   Universitas Serang Raya, Maulita Dian , Sefty Framita Dien ,   Universitas Serang Raya
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This research aimed to determine the effect of deferred tax and company size on earnings persistence in Indonesia's hotel and tourism companies. Research methodology: This research is associative quantitative research. The analysis technique used multiple linear regression with SPSS VS 20.00 as a tool. The population is hotel and tourism companies listed on the IDX for the 2012-2017 period. Samples were taken based on the purposive sampling technique. Results: The conclusions of this study's results are: (1) Deferred tax has no significant effect on earnings persistence. (2) Firm size has a significant effect on earnings persistence. (3) Deferred Tax and Company Size have a significant effect on Earnings Persistence. Limitation: This research's limitations are the short research period and the company's short scope is the object. It is hoped that further research will be done by replacing or adding other dependents such as cash flow volatility, sales volatility, leverage and increasing the scope of the company under study. Contribution: This research's contribution is that the results of this study can be used as a reference for further researchers and a reference for company management in making decisions. Keywords: Deferred tax, Company size, Profit persistence
Mathematical Modelling of Single Glazed and Double Glazed Solar Air Heater
Authors:   Department of Science, Ravindranath Tagor University, Bhopal, (M.P),India., Agrawal Bhawna , Agrawal Pallavi ,   (Department of Electronics and Communication, MANIT, Bhopal, (M.P),India., Agrawal Suman ,   Defence Research and Development Organisation DRDO-DSP, Hyderabad, (TS), India.
Published: February 2021

This paper focuses on Mathematical Modelling of Single Glazed and Double Glazed Solar air heater (SAH) which is special kind of heat exchanger that transfers thermal energy from the solar radiation to the fluid flowing inside of the collector. The most potential applications of SAH is the supply of hot air for heating of buildings, to maintain a comfortable environment especially in the winter season, air preheating, desiccant refrigeration, and drying of vegetables, fruits, meat, textile and marine products. Solar radiation intensity is less in the morning that increase gradually till noon and again decrease from noon to evening. During simulations it is observed that the heat gain is directly proportional to the mass flow rate. It is maximum for the counter flow SAH and is least for transpired solar air heater. The efficiency of the SAH is directly proportional to mass flow rate. The thermal efficiency is maximum for the counter flow SAH, The useful heat gain increases is highest in the clear days of summer month particularly in the month of April-May and lowest in the cloudy days of winter month particularly in the month of December. The results are in conformation with theoretical aspects.
Blockchain Technology based Supply Chain State of the art and Future Prospects
Authors:   Hassan First University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Settat, Morocco., Tribis Youness , Bouchti Abdelali El ,   Hassan First University, National School of Business and Management, Settat, Morocco., Bouayad Houssine ,   Hassan First University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Settat, Morocco.
Published: February 2021

Initially developed for Bitcoin cryptocurrency, Blockchain Technology (BCT) is a decentralized transaction managing technology that provides security, anonymity and data integrity in transactions without the need of any trusted third party. The interest in BCT has been grown, as research topic for many fields, such as finance, health, government, agriculture and many particular Supply Chain (SC) industries. However, there is a lack of systematic literature reviews (SLR) on existing research concerning how BCT is well relevant in SC. This paper conducts a systematic review in order to examine all pertinent research on SC based on BCT. The main inspiration for this work was to synthesize existing evidence, classify research tendencies available in the literature, and identify open themes and gaps for development in this discipline. However, 45 primary papers have been extracted from scientific databases. This systematic review provides direction for future research regarding the applications of BCT for SC
Performance Comparison of Al2O3 Cutting Tool with and without Reinforcement of Graphene Nanoplatelets
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada., Raju R Peddi , Krishna A.Gopala ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada.
Published: February 2021

Al2O3 is a commonly used cutting tool material for machining cast iron and hard steels. However its low fracture toughness has been its potential drawback to use it for wider applications. In order to improve the fracture toughness, graphene nanoplatelets has been used as the reinforcement. The Al2O3 -TiCN composite have been made by powder metallurgy. The present work compares the performance characteristics of Al2O3 -TiCN with and without graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in CNC machining. The machining performance of the prepared cutting tools is tested in terms of temperature generated, flank wear, cutting force and surface finish. It is observed that the prepared composite tool with GNP has much improved machining performance over the Al2O3 cutting tool that has no GNP reinforcement. The work has the unique novelty of using GNP as the reinforcement in Al2O3 cutting tool material.
Planificación de proyectos en los TFM
Authors:   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Pérez de Guzmán Puya María Victoria
Published: February 2021

La elaboración de un proyecto de trabajo fin de máster es una exigencia académica y administrativa para poder obtener el título de posgrado de máster. En este capítulo introductorio se recoge y profundiza, en primer lugar, sobre qué es planificar y los principios que se han de tener en cuenta a la hora de llevar a cabo la planificación del trabajo. En segundo lugar, nos adentramos en entender qué es un proyecto como propuesta integradora que explicita los principios y la lógica que forman parte de un esqueleto curricular, con unos objetivos clave. Se recogen los aspectos que debemos tener en cuenta para tratar de anticipar nuestra acción, prever posibles dificultades y plantear las soluciones adecuadas. La elaboración de un proyecto supone una tarea preinstructiva que hemos de planificar con objeto de prever, ordenar orientativamente y establecer hipótesis de trabajo sobre el proceso que queremos llevar a cabo. En tercer lugar, se recogen y explican los aspectos que se han de tener presentes a la hora de elaborar el trabajo fin de máster: cómo cuidar la estructura y el contenido y aspectos claves en la redacción del trabajo. Finalmente, no centramos en recordar el papel que sustenta el alumnado que está inmerso en este proceso, así como el del profesorado que tutoriza el trabajo.
La búsqueda de información científica para la elaboración del TFM
Authors:   UNED, Sanchez Fernandez Rosa , Moreno Pulido Alexis ,   uned
Published: February 2021

El proceso de búsqueda se inicia con el objetivo de dar respuesta a una necesidad de información previamente detectada. Los estudiantes que se enfrentan a la realización del trabajo fin de máster en Ciencias de la Educación deben conocer el estado de la cuestión sobre el tema de investigación elegido y, para ello, conocer las fuentes de información especializadas y las bases de datos multidisciplinares internacionales. Una vez identificadas las fuentes de referencia, los alumnos han de aprender a diseñar una estrategia de búsqueda que los conduzca, mediante la elección entre los diferentes términos de búsqueda y su combinación con diferentes operadores, a los resultados más pertinentes. Estos resultados derivados de la búsqueda de información deben ser analizados y evaluados para garantizar su adecuación a los fines perseguidos en el trabajo de investigación. El proceso de búsqueda de información consta, por tanto, de diferentes etapas y se perfecciona con la práctica. Finalmente, en este capítulo se propugna que el proceso de búsqueda de información debe culminar con el acceso y la lectura del documento original.
Sonographic Guidance for Supraclavicular
Brachial Plexus Blocks: Single vs. Double
Injection Cluster Approach
Authors: Lee Mi Geum
Published: February 2021

Background: The cluster approach for supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SC-BPB) can be easily
performed but may result in asymmetric local anesthetic (LA) spread. The authors hypothesized
that the use of a cluster approach in each of the 2 planes would achieve better 3-dimensional LA
distribution than the traditional single cluster approach.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare a double injection (DI) in 2
planes (one injection in each plane) with the traditional single injection (SI) cluster approach for
ultrasound-guided SC-BPB.
Study Design: A randomized, controlled trial.
Setting: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center.
Methods: In the SI group (n = 18), 30 mL of LA was injected into the main neural cluster after
penetrating the brachial plexus sheath laterally. In the DI group (n = 18), the needle penetrated the
sheath in a downward direction at the first skin puncture, and 15 mL of LA was injected, and at
the second skin puncture (behind the initial puncture site), the needle penetrated the sheath in an
upward direction, and 15 mL was again injected. Ultrasound-guided SC-BPB was evaluated from
immediately after the block every 5 minutes to 30 minutes by sensory and motor testing. The main
outcome variables were procedural time; onset time (time for complete sensory and motor block
of the median, radial, ulnar, and musculocutaneous nerves); and rate of blockage of all 4 nerves.
Results: Procedure times (medians [interquartile range]) were similar in the DI and SI groups (5.5
[4.75 – 8] vs. 5 [4 – 7] minutes, respectively; P = 0.137). Block onset time in the DI group was
not significantly different from that in the SI group (10 [5 – 17.5] vs. 20 [6.25 – 30] minutes, P =
0.142). However, the rate of blockage of all 4 nerves was significantly higher in the DI group (94%
vs. 67%, P = 0.035).
Limitations: Although the results of this study indicate LA distribution in the DI group was
more evenly spread within brachial plexus sheaths than in the SI group, this was not confirmed by
ultrasonography or contrast radiography.
Conclusion: The DI approach can be performed easily as single cluster approach and increases
the consistency of ultrasound-guided SC-BPB over the SI approach in terms of the rate of blocking
of all 4 nerves
1-Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
of Conservative Management vs. Minimally
Invasive Surgical Treatment for Sacroiliac Joint
Pain
Authors: Dengler Julius
Published: February 2021

Background: Low back pain (LBP) emanating from the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is a common finding. Devices
to fuse the SIJ are now commercially available, but high-quality evidence supporting their effectiveness
is limited.
Objectives: To compare the safety and effectiveness of conservative management (CM) to minimally
invasive sacroiliac joint fusion (SIJF) in patients with chronic LBP originating from the SIJ.
Study Design: Prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial.
Setting: One hundred three adults in spine clinics with chronic LBP originating from the SIJ.
Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to CM (n = 51) or SIJF using triangular titanium implants
(n = 52). CM consisted of optimization of medical therapy, individualized physiotherapy, and adequate
information and reassurance as part of a multifactorial treatment. The primary outcome was the
difference in change in self-rated LBP at 6 months using a 0 – 100 visual analog scale (VAS). Other
effectiveness and safety endpoints, including leg pain, disability using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI),
quality of life using EQ-5D, and SIJ function using active straight leg raise test (ASLR), were assessed up
to 12 months.
Results: At 12 months, mean LBP improved by 41.6 VAS points in the SIJF group vs. 14.0 points in
the CM group (treatment difference of 27.6 points, P < 0.0001). Mean ODI improved by 25.0 points in
the SIJF group vs. 8.7 points in the CM group (P < 0.0001). Mean improvements in leg pain and EQ-5D
scores were large after SIJF and superior to those after CM. CM patients were allowed to crossover to
SIJF after 6 months. Patients who crossed to surgical treatment had no pre-crossover improvement in
pain and ODI scores; after crossover, improvements were as large as those originally assigned to SIJF. One
case of postoperative nerve impingement occurred in the surgical group. Two SIJF patients had recurrent
pain attributed to possible device loosening and one had postoperative hematoma. In the CM group,
one crossover surgery patient had recurrent pain requiring a revision surgery.
Limitations: The primary limitation was lack of blinding and the subjective nature of self-assessed
outcomes.
Conclusions: For patients with chronic LBP originating from the SIJ, minimally invasive SIJF with
triangular titanium implants was safe and more effective than CM in relieving pain, reducing disability,
and improving patient function and quality of life. Our findings will help to inform decisions regarding
its use as a treatment option in this patient population.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I, a
Debilitating and Poorly Understood Syndrome.
Possible Role for Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields:
A Narrative Review
Authors: Veronesi Francesca
Published: February 2021

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I), also called algodystrophy, is a
complex syndrome characterized by limb pain, edema, allodynia, hyperalgesia and functional
impairment of bone with a similar clinical picture of osteoporosis, including an increased release
of various pro-inflammatory neuropeptides and cytokines.
Several treatments have been proposed for CRPS-I, but due to the poor outcome of conventional
drugs and the invasiveness of some techniques, expectations are now directed towards new
resources that could be more effective and less invasive.
Objective: In the light of preclinical evidence, which underlined pulsed electromagnetic
fields’ (PEMFs) properties on osteoblasts (OBs), osteoclasts (OCs), and pathologies with an
inflammatory profile, the present review aims to investigate whether there is a rationale for the
use of PEMFs, as a combined approach, in CRPS-I.
Study Design: This review analyzed the 44 in vitro and in vivo studies published in the last
decade that focused on 2 main aspects of CRPS-I: local osteoporosis (OP) and inflammation.
Setting: Not applicable.
Methods: This review includes in vitro and in vivo studies found with a PubMed and Web
of Knowledge database search by 2 independent authors. The limits of the search were the
publication date between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, and English language. In
detail, the search strategy was based on: 1) CRPS-I or algodystrophy; 2) OP, OCs, and OBs; and
3) inflammatory aspects.
Results: The included studies looked at the relationship between PEMFs and OCs (2 in vitro
studies), osteoporotic animal models (8 in vivo studies), OBs (20 in vitro studies), inflammatory
cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. They also tried to define the molecular cell pathways
involved (5 in vivo and 9 in vitro studies on inflammatory models). It was observed that PEMFs
increased OC apoptosis, OB viability, bone protein and matrix calcification, antioxidant protein,
and the levels of adenosine receptors, while it decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory
cytokines.
Limitations: Data from clinical trials are scarce; moreover, experimental conditions and PEMF
parameters are not standardized.
Conclusions: The present review underlined the rationale for the use of PEMFs in the complex
contest of CRPS-I syndrome, in combination with conventional drugs.
Intravertebral Vacuum Cleft and Its Varied
Locations within Osteoporotic Vertebral
Compression Fractures: Effect on Therapeutic
Efficacy
Authors: Jiang Xiaobing
Published: February 2021

Background: Previous studies have reported a high incidence of re-collapse of the augmented
vertebrae after percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) for osteoporotic vertebral
compression fractures (OVCFs) with intravertebral vacuum cleft (IVC) during long-term followup. Previous IVC might be considered an important predisposing factor for re-collapse, but the
prior studies could not find a significant correlation.
Objective: To determine the incidence and distribution characteristics of IVCs and to further
assess IVCs in their varied locations. To assess the long-term therapeutic efficacy of PVA for
OVCFs with IVC.
Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.
Setting: Department of spinal surgery, an affiliated hospital of a medical university.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 594 patients who underwent PVA to
treat OVCFs from January 2010 to December 2013. Eighty-two patients with the IVC sign were
enrolled in the study. The follow-up period was a minimum of 2 years. The difference between
IVC and non-IVC patients was compared. Comparisons of the radiological and clinical findings
at varied IVC locations were made pre-operatively and post-operatively (immediate, at one year,
and at 2 years).
Results: IVC incidence correlated with older patient age and severe demineralization.
Other baseline parameters showed no significant differences. The rate of cement leakage
and vertebral fracture was significantly lower in the IVC groups than in the non-IVC groups
intraoperatively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of cement leakage or
adjacent vertebral fractures between the 3 IVC groups. In the immediate postoperative period,
all patients benefited from significant improvement in vertebral body height and kyphotic angle
correction. However, significant re-collapse was observed at the 2-year post-operative followup for the IVC patients when compared to the non-IVC patients. Among the 3 IVC groups, the
most severe re-collapse was observed with inferior endplate IVCs. Superior endplate IVCs and
IVCs extending to both endplates demonstrated only mild re-collapse at the 2-year follow-up.
Limitation: Due to the infrequency of this process, the number of patients with IVCs was
small.
Conclusion: PVA treatment was initially effective in all patients with OVCFs. However,
significant re-collapse of the augmented vertebrae with IVCs, especially those with inferior
endplate IVCs, was found with long-term follow-up.
Two Interesting Cases of Meralgia Paraesthetica
Authors: Portelli Mark
Published: February 2021

Meralgia paraesthetica (MP) is a condition originally described by Bernhardt in
1878 and was eventually named by Roth in 1895. It is caused by compression of
the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) resulting in varying types of discomfort.
Severity of the symptoms can range from mildly uncomfortable to painfully disabling.
In this article we discuss 2 patients with a LFCN injury occurring as a result of
laparoscopic ventral rectopexy (LVR). The first patient is a 46-year-old female who
reported pain and dysesthesia in the left groin and the anterolateral thigh, 2 days
post LCR. A conservative approach was taken and at the 6-month follow-up the
symptoms had resolved. The second patient is a 51-year-old female who reported
increased sensitivity to bed sheets over the anterolateral aspect of her left thigh,
in the immediate post-operative period following LVR. She was similarly managed
conservatively but her symptoms persisted. The LFCN arises from the dorsal branches
of the second and third lumbar roots. It crosses the iliacus muscle deep to the fascia.
Injury or entrapment to surrounding neural structures including the LFCN, commonly
results following common laparoscopic procedures. In some cases, additional surgical
intervention is required for successful management of the symptoms. In our patients,
the MP syndrome was clearly related to the operation because symptoms appeared
in the immediate post-operative period and were not present beforehand. LVR is a
relatively new and evolving procedure with few reports of associated peri-operative
complications
Comparison of Spinal Cord Stimulation
Waveforms for Treating Chronic Low Back Pain:
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abd-Elsayed Alaa
Published: February 2021

Background: The treatment of chronic refractory low back pain (LBP) is challenging.
Conservative and pharmacologic options have demonstrated limited efficacy. Spinal cord
stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be effective in reducing chronic LBP in various contexts.
With emerging SCS technologies, the collective evidence of novel waveforms relative to
traditional tonic stimulation for treating chronic LBP has yet to be clearly characterized.
Objectives: To provide evidence for various SCS waveforms—tonic, burst, and high
frequency (HF)—relative to each other for treating chronic LBP.
Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods: PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, prior systematic reviews, and reference
lists were screened by 2 separate authors for all randomized trials and prospective cohort
studies comparing different SCS waveforms for treatment of chronic LBP.
Results: We identified 11 studies that included waveform comparisons for treating
chronic LBP. Of these, 6 studies compared burst versus tonic, 2 studies compared burst
versus HF, and 3 studies compared tonic versus HF. A meta-analysis of 5 studies comparing
burst versus tonic was conducted and revealed pooled superiority of burst over tonic in
pain reduction. One study comparing burst versus tonic was excluded given technical
challenges in data extraction.
Limitations: Both randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies were
included for meta-analysis. Several studies included a high risk of bias in at least one
domain.
Conclusions: Burst stimulation is superior to tonic stimulation for treating chronic LBP.
However, superiority among other waveforms has yet to be clearly established given some
heterogeneity and limitations in evidence. Given the relative novelty of burst and HF SCS
waveforms, evidence of longitudinal efficacy is needed.
Key words: Chronic low back pain, spinal cord stimulation, tonic, burst, high frequency
Efficacy of Manual Therapy on Pain, Impact of
Disease, and Quality of Life in the Treatment of
Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schulze Nina
Published: February 2021

Background: Myofascial mobilization has been used as an intervention for patients with
fibromyalgia (FM) for acting on ascending nociceptive pathways possibly involved in the central
sensitization process, modulating the pain experience. However, there is still a gap in its efficacy
compared with another hands-on approach because manual therapy has nonspecific effects, such
as placebo.
Objectives: This systematic review aims to review the scientific literature for an overview of the
efficacy of manual therapy in pain, disease impact, and quality of life in patients with FM compared
with control or other treatments through randomized clinical trials.
Study Design: This study involved systematic review of published randomized controlled trials
(RCTs).
Setting: This study examined all RCTs evaluating the effect of manual therapy on pain, impact of
disease, and quality of life for patients with FM.
Methods: Systematic review. The research was performed in 9 databases: MEDLINE/PubMed,
CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, SciELO, PEDro, and Cochrane. Searches
were carried out from the end of the project until September 2019, with no language and year
restrictions. Randomized controlled clinical trials that used the following outcome measures
were included: Visual Analog Scale, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and SF-36 Quality of Life
Questionnaire. The risk of bias and quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale; the
Cochrane risk-of-bias tool; and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and
Evaluation System.
Results: Seven studies were included (368 patients). The quantitative analysis was performed on
4 studies because of the lack of data in the others. Myofascial release was the most used modality.
The level of evidence ranged from very low to moderate, mainly because of the inconsistency and
inaccuracy of results.
Limitations: The present systematic review presented limitations because of the heterogeneity
of the included studies and only a short-term analysis of the intervention results. It was observed
that other information, such as pressure, repetition, and/or sustaining manual therapy techniques,
could be better described in future protocols, aiming at a better comparison between the
techniques and their subsequent reproducibility.
Conclusions: Current evidence of manual therapy in patients with FM, based on a very low to
moderate quality of evidence, was inconclusive and insufficient to support and recommend the
use of manual therapy in this population. To date, only general osteopathic treatment has achieved
clinically relevant pain improvement when compared with control.
Key words: Fibromyalgia, manual therapy, pain, quality of life, impact of disease, physiotherapy,
manipulation techniques, mobilization