bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms underlying the low-temperature adaptation of 17β-estradiol-degrading bacterial strain Rhodococcus sp. RCBS9: insights from physiological and transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Li Qiannan , Pan Hanyu , Hao Peng , Ma Zhenhua , Liang Xiaojun , Yang Lianyu , Gao Yunhang
Published: November 2024

The 17β-estradiol (E2)-degrading bacterium Rhodococcus sp.RCBS9 previously showed remarkable resistance to the combined stresses of low temperature and E2. In this study, physiological experiments and transcriptomic analysis were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the strain's low-temperature adaptation and briefly analyze how it maintains its ability to degrade E2 at low temperature. The results showed that the strain's signal transduction functions, adaptive changes in cell membrane and cell wall structure, gene repair functions, and synthesis of antioxidants and compatible solutes are key to its ability to adapt to low temperature. In addition, its stress proteins in response to low temperature were not typical cold shock proteins, but rather universal stress proteins (USPs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs), among others. The strain also upregulated biofilm production, transporter proteins for carbon source uptake, and proteins for fatty acid degradation to ensure energy generation. The strain's multiple stress responses work synergistically to resist low-temperature stress, ensuring its adaptability to low-temperature environments and ability to degrade E2. Finally, six genes related to survival at low temperature (identified in the transcriptome analysis) were expressed in E. coli BL21, and they were found to contribute to recombinant E. coli growth at low temperature.
MusicARLtrans Net: a multimodal agent interactive music education system driven via reinforcement learning
Authors: Chang Jie , Wang Zhenmeng , Yan Chao
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the field of music education has begun to explore new teaching models. Traditional music education research methods have primarily focused on single-modal studies such as note recognition and instrument performance techniques, often overlooking the importance of multimodal data integration and interactive teaching. Existing methods often struggle with handling multimodal data effectively, unable to fully utilize visual, auditory, and textual information for comprehensive analysis, which limits the effectiveness of teaching.

Methods

To address these challenges, this project introduces MusicARLtrans Net, a multimodal interactive music education agent system driven by reinforcement learning. The system integrates Speech-to-Text (STT) technology to achieve accurate transcription of user voice commands, utilizes the ALBEF (Align Before Fuse) model for aligning and integrating multimodal data, and applies reinforcement learning to optimize teaching strategies.

Results and discussion

This approach provides a personalized and real-time feedback interactive learning experience by effectively combining auditory, visual, and textual information. The system collects and annotates multimodal data related to music education, trains and integrates various modules, and ultimately delivers an efficient and intelligent music education agent. Experimental results demonstrate that MusicARLtrans Net significantly outperforms traditional methods, achieving an accuracy of 96.77% on the LibriSpeech dataset and 97.55% on the MS COCO dataset, with marked improvements in recall, F1 score, and AUC metrics. These results highlight the system's superiority in speech recognition accuracy, multimodal data understanding, and teaching strategy optimization, which together lead to enhanced learning outcomes and user satisfaction. The findings hold substantial academic and practical significance, demonstrating the potential of advanced AI-driven systems in revolutionizing music education.
Advances in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of multiple-level noncontiguous spinal fractures
Authors: Luo Bangmin , Chen Huarong , Zou Mingxiang , Yan Yiguo , Ouyang Xueqian , Wang Cheng
Published: November 2024

Multiple-level noncontiguous spinal fractures (MNSF) are spinal fractures that involve at least 2 sites and are characterized by the presence of one intact vertebra or intact functional spinal unit between the fractured vertebrae. MNSF account for 2.5–19% of all spinal fractures. MNSF are easily missed or have a delayed diagnosis in clinical practice and their treatment is more complex than that for single-segment spine fractures. In this article, the authors briefly summarize the advances in the etiology and mechanisms of MNSF, the identification of their involved sites and their classification, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Association of perioperative P2Y12 inhibitor administration with outcomes for tandem occlusion: RESCUE AT-LVO sub-study
Authors: Yoshimoto Takeshi , Yamagami Hiroshi , Sakai Nobuyuki , Uchida Kazutaka , Shirakawa Manabu , Beppu Mikiya , Toyoda Kazunori , Matsumaru Yuji , Matsumoto Yasushi , Todo Kenichi , Hayakawa Mikito , Shindo Seigo , Morimoto Masafumi , Takeuchi Masataka , Imamura Hirotoshi , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kanta , Ishihara Hideyuki , Kakita Hiroto , Sano Takanori , Araki Hayato , Nomura Tatsufumi , Sakakibara Fumihiro , Yoshimura Shinichi ,   for RESCUE AT-LVO Investigators
Published: November 2024

Background

We aimed to clarify the association between intraoperative P2Y12 inhibitor administration during EVT and clinical outcomes in patients with anterior circulation TO stroke.

Methods

Among consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) enrolled in the Recovery by Endovascular Salvage for Cerebral Ultra-acute Embolic and Atherothrombotic Stroke with Large Vessel Occlusion Registry from 2016 to 2019, those with anterior circulation TOs who underwent EVT were analyzed. These patients were categorized into the following groups: those who received P2Y12 inhibitors during the perioperative period and those who did not receive P2Y12 inhibitors. The outcomes included good functional outcomes, as indicated by a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 90 days, and the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) was compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association of outcomes with perioperative P2Y12 inhibitor administration. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the group that did not receive P2Y12 inhibitors as the reference. The perioperative period included the period in which antithrombotic therapy was administered immediately before EVT and during the operative period.

Results

We enrolled 242 patients with AIS with anterior circulation TOs (42 females [17.4%]; median age, 76 [interquartile range, 69–81] years). Patients who received P2Y12 inhibitors during the perioperative period (n = 131) showed a higher frequency of carotid artery stenting than those who did not receive perioperative P2Y12 inhibitors (n = 111; 86.3% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.01). Furthermore, patients who received perioperative P2Y12 inhibitors during the perioperative period had a higher incidence of good functional outcomes than those who did not receive perioperative P2Y12 inhibitors (42.0% vs. 32.4%; adjusted OR: 6.65, 95% CI: 1.88–23.53), with no significant differences between the groups in the incidence of SICH (5.3% vs. 8.1%; OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.09–2.09).

Conclusion

Perioperative administration of P2Y12 inhibitors may be associated with a higher frequency of good functional outcomes in patients undergoing EVT for AIS with anterior circulation TOs. However, since several confounding factors are involved in this sub-analysis of EVT for anterior circulation TOs, further studies are warranted.
Effects of acupuncture at limb Acupoints-Guangming (GB37) on UDVA, CS, and EEG microstate in myopia
Authors: Wang Zhongqing , Yan Hao , Su Kangna , Wu Ruixin , Wang Lihan , Bi Hongsheng , Wu Jianfeng
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Acupuncture is beneficial in improving visual function for myopi periocular acupoints Taiyang can improve contrast sensitivity (CS). In this study, we aim to further investigate the impact of acupuncture at the limbs acupoints-Guangming(GB37) acupoint on visual function, and the neural mechanism of acupuncture at the GB37 acupoint improving visual function through electroencephalography (EEG) microstate.

Methods

A total of 22 myopia were recruited. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and CS of myopic patients were tested before and after acupuncture, and EEG data were recorded throughout the entire acupuncture procedure.

Results

Our study found that compared with pre-acupuncture, the UDVA and CS of both eyes at each spatial frequency were improved; compared with the resting state of pre-acupuncture, the duration, occurrence and contribution of microstate A were significantly increased, while those of microstate D were decreased during the post-acupuncture state. The duration of microstate A was positively correlated with the CS. There was no correlation between UDVA and EEG microstates.

Discussion

Acupuncture at GB37 can improve the UDVA and CS in myopic patients, which may be related to microstate A.
Association of inflammation and nutrition status with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with osteoarthritis: NHANES, 1999–2018
Authors: Guo Qifang , Shao Yijia , Wang Fei , Zhou Wei , Duan Xinwang
Published: November 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis worldwide. Inflammation and nutrition status play crucial roles in the development and progression of OA. The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) serves as a composite indicator for evaluating inflammation and nutritional status, while the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) is a novel marker for assessing immune-related inflammation. The study aimed to investigate the associations of the ALI and SII with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among US adults with OA.

Methods

A total of 2,602 individuals aged 20 years and above with OA were included in the study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 1999 to 2018. Participants were categorized into higher or lower ALI and SII groups using cut-off values determined by the maximally selected rank statistics method. The Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazards models, and Fine Gray competing risk regression models were employed to assess the associations between the ALI/SII and mortality in OA patients. Additionally, stratified and subgroup analyses were conducted to enhance the robustness of the findings. Furthermore, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictive capacity of ALI and SII for mortality.

Results

Higher SII levels were associated with a 2-fold increase in the risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.59–2.52, p < 0.001), whereas individuals with higher ALI in the OA group exhibited a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.39–0.60, p < 0.001). Notably, in Model 3, individuals with higher ALI demonstrated a substantially lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44–0.82, p < 0.001). Conversely, in fully adjusted models, those with higher SII experienced a significantly higher risk (HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.29–2.60, p < 0.001). The RCS analysis revealed a J-shaped non-linear relationship between SII levels and all-cause mortality (p overall < 0.001; p non-linear < 0.001), and an L-shaped non-linear association between ALI levels and all-cause mortality (p overall < 0.001; p non-linear = 0.002). The time-dependent ROC curves illustrated that ALI and SII displayed a reasonably good and consistent predictive performance for both short- and long-term mortality in OA patients.

Conclusions

Lower ALI and higher SII values were correlated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among US adults with OA.
The characteristics of patients with multiple myeloma surviving over 10 years
Authors: Huang Beihui , Zhang Hongning , Liu Junru , Gu Jingli , Chen Meilan , Kuang Lifen , Li Xiaozhe , Li Juan
Published: November 2024

Objective

To explore the characteristics of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have achieved long-term survival of over 10 years in the context where novel agents and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) serve as the primary therapeutic modalities.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 168 MM patients diagnosed and treated in our institution from January 2004 to January 2014. 44 patients with a survival period exceeding 10 years were categorized into the long-term survival group, while 124 patients with a survival period of less than 10 years were categorized into the non-long-term survival group.

Results

Being younger than 57 years old (OR 3.634, 95%CI 1.302-10.143), having a neutrophil count of at least 3.66 * 109/L (OR 3.122, 95% CI 1.093-8.918), absence of high-risk genetic abnormalities (OR 7.146, 95%CI 1.066-47.904), and receiving frontline ASCT (OR 4.225, 95%CI 1.000-17.841) were positively associated with a survival period exceeding 10 years in patients with MM. Achieving sustained minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity for at least 24 months is associated with long-term survival regardless of the presence of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities.

Conclusion

Being younger, having a neutrophil count above 3.66 * 109/L, the absence of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, and receiving frontline ASCT are independent protective factors for transplant-eligible MM patients to survive more than 10 years. Achieving maintained MRD negativity status for over 24 months might be associated with long-term survival.
Imaging findings of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yan Lifen , Huang Runqian , Chen Shuting , Chen Jiawei , Li Jinglei
Published: November 2024

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma (PHLS) is an extremely rare malignant tumor, which is often elusive in early diagnosis due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical and imaging presentations. Herein, we present a case of PHLS in a 66-year-old male and a review of the English literature from January 2000 to December 2023, focusing on the clinical and imaging characteristics of 30 patients with PHLS. The present patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of abdominal distension, with history of hepatitis B. Tumor markers, including alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 19-9, were within the normal range. A hepatic tumor was incidentally identified during an abdominal ultrasound examination, further evaluated by contrast-enhanced CT and MR scans, which was preliminarily misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor was surgically excised and definitively diagnosed as PHLS, characterized by two distinct areas with varying imaging features on contrast-enhanced CT and MR images. PHLS typically manifests as a well-defined, heterogeneously hypo- or iso-dense mass on CT, with a slightly prolonged T2 signal on MRI, and exhibits gradual enhancement during dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. We advocate that the possibility of PHLS should be considered when the aforementioned imaging features are observed.
Polyvinylalcohol-carbazate mitigates acute lung injury caused by hydrochloric acid
Authors: Dong Caijuan , Liu Jielu , Quaranta Alessandro , Jing Xu , Nie Mu , Wheelock Craig E. , Murrell Benjamin , Coquet Jonathan M. , Bowden Tim Melander , Engstrand Thomas , Adner Mikael
Published: November 2024

Background

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Gastric contents aspiration is one of the most common causes of ALI/ARDS. To date, there are still no specific and effective pharmacological treatments for ALI/ARDS. Polyvinylalcohol-carbazate (PVAC), a polymer that can bind endogenous aldehydes, neutralize oxidative stress and inhibit inflammatory factors, may be a potential treatment for ALI/ARDS.

Methods

A hydrochloric acid (HCl) induced mouse model was employed to assess the effect of PVAC. The changes of lung mechanics, pulmonary edema, histology and immune cells, cytokines, and lipid mediators in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were investigated in HCl-challenged mice.

Results

In the HCl model, PVAC administration alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness and improved pulmonary edema and damage. In addition, it decreased the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung, and inhibited the increase of IL-6, TNF-α and leukotriene B4.

Conclusion

These data indicates that PVAC is a potential candidate for the treatment of ALI/ARDS induced by aspiration of gastric acid or for the control of “asthma-like” symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux.
Using machine learning to identify risk factors for pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study of real-world data
Authors: Su Na , Tang Rui , Zhang Yice , Ni Jiaqi , Huang Yimei , Liu Chunqi , Xiao Yuzhou , Zhu Baoting , Zhao Yinglan
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the risk factors for pancreatic cancer through machine learning.

Methods

We investigated the relationships between different risk factors and pancreatic cancer using a real-world retrospective cohort study conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Multivariable logistic regression, with pancreatic cancer as the outcome, was used to identify covariates associated with pancreatic cancer. The machine learning model extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was adopted as the final model for its high performance. Shapley additive explanations (SHAPs) were utilized to visualize the relationships between these potential risk factors and pancreatic cancer.

Results

The cohort included 1,982 patients. The median ages for pancreatic cancer and nonpancreatic cancer groups were 58.1 years (IQR: 51.3–64.4) and 57.5 years (IQR: 49.5–64.9), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that kirsten rats arcomaviral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation, hyperlipidaemia, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cysts are significantly correlated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. The five most highly ranked features in the XGBoost model were KRAS gene mutation status, age, alcohol consumption status, pancreatitis status, and hyperlipidaemia status.

Conclusion

Machine learning algorithms confirmed that KRAS gene mutation, hyperlipidaemia, and pancreatitis are potential risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, the coexistence of KRAS gene mutation and pancreatitis, as well as KRAS gene mutation and pancreatic cysts, is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Our findings offered valuable implications for public health strategies targeting the prevention and early detection of pancreatic cancer.
The dopaminergic system mediates the lateral habenula-induced autonomic cardiovascular responses
Authors: Sato Yuma , Matsumoto Masayuki , Koganezawa Tadachika
Published: November 2024

The lateral habenula (LHb) has been implicated in stress coping and autonomic control. The LHb regulates the midbrain system of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline. However, how the LHb regulates autonomic cardiovascular control in stressful situations is unclear. In this study, we examined the participation of the midbrain dopaminergic system in the cardiovascular response elicited by activation of the LHb. We used urethane-anesthetized Wistar male rats. We performed electrical stimulation of the LHb to observe changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Stimulation of the LHb caused bradycardia and a pressor response. Application of a nonselective dopamine receptor antagonist attenuated both the heart rate and the blood pressure changes induced by the LHb. We also tested the effects of blockade of dopamine receptor subtypes in the LHb-induced cardiovascular responses. Application of selective dopamine D1/D5, D2/D3, or D4 receptor antagonists attenuated the LHb-induced pressor response but did not change the HR response. Furthermore, we examined the effect of inactivation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on the cardiovascular response induced by LHb stimulation. Inactivation of the VTA turned bradycardia into tachycardia caused by the LHb stimulation and attenuated the pressor response. Our results indicated that regulation of the dopaminergic system by the LHb mediates the generation of the autonomic cardiovascular response. Dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptors mediate the sympathoexcitation resulting from the activation of the LHb. The VTA is one of the dopaminergic origins related to the cardiovascular response originating from LHb activation.
Unveiling the crucial roles of abscisic acid in plant physiology: implications for enhancing stress tolerance and productivity
Authors: Mo Weiliang , Zheng Xunan , Shi Qingchi , Zhao Xuelai , Chen Xiaoyu , Yang Zhenming , Zuo Zecheng
Published: November 2024

Abscisic acid (ABA), one of the six major plant hormones, plays an essential and irreplaceable role in numerous physiological and biochemical processes during normal plant growth and in response to abiotic stresses. It is a key factor in balancing endogenous hormones and regulating growth metabolism in plants. The level of ABA is intricately regulated through complex mechanisms involving biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. The functionality of ABA is mediated through a series of signal transduction pathways, primarily involving core components such as the ABA receptors PYR/PYL/RCAR, PP2C, and SnRK2. Over the past 50 years since its discovery, most of the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport have been characterized, and the network of signaling pathways has gradually become clearer. Extensive research indicates that externally increasing ABA levels and activating the ABA signaling pathway through molecular biology techniques significantly enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses and improve plant productivity under adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, elucidating the roles of ABA in various physiological processes of plants and deciphering the signaling regulatory network of ABA can provide a theoretical basis and guidance for addressing key issues such as improving crop quality, yield, and stress resistance.
Regulation of hydrogen rich water on strawberry seedlings and root endophytic bacteria under salt stress
Authors: Wang Renyuan , Yang Xijia , Chi Yaowei , Zhang Xia , Ma Xianzhong , Zhang Dan , Zhao Ting , Ren Yongfeng , Yang Haiyan , Ding Wenjiang , Chu Shaohua , Zhou Pei
Published: November 2024

Salt stress could lead to plant growth barriers and crop yield reduction. Strawberries are sensitive to salt stress, and improving salt tolerance is important for strawberry production. This study aimed to explore the potential of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) to enhance salt tolerance in strawberries. Through pot experiments, we investigated how HRW affects plant growth, ion absorption, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme levels, hormone levels, and root endophytic bacteria in strawberry seedlings under salt stress. The results showed that under 100 mM NaCl treatment, 50% and 100% HRW treatments significantly increased strawberry biomass by 0.29 g and 0.54g, respectively, wherein, 100% HRW significantly increased the shoot and root length by 15.34% and 24.49%, respectively. In addition, under salt stress the absorption of K+ by strawberry seedlings was increased with the HRW supplement, while the absorption of Na+ was reduced. Meanwhile, HRW treatment reduced the transfer of Na+ from root to shoot. Furthermore, under salt stress, HRW treatment increased the relative water content (RWC) by 12.35%, decreased the electrolyte leakage rate (EL) by 7.56%. HRW modulated phytohormone levels in strawberry seedlings, thereby alleviating the salt stress on strawberries. Moreover, HRW was found to promote plant growth by altering the diversity of bacteria in strawberry roots and recruiting specific microorganisms, such as Tistella. Our findings indicate that HRW could help restore the microecological homeostasis of strawberry seedlings, thus further mitigating salt stress. This study provides a novel perspective on the mechanisms by which HRW alleviates salt stress, thereby enriching the scientific understanding of hydrogen’s applications in agriculture.
Value-related educational goals of primary school teachers: a comparative study in two European countries
Authors: Oeschger Thomas Peter , Makarova Elena , Daniel Ella , Döring Anna K.
Published: November 2024

Schools serve as social institutions that convey values in the context of socialization and enculturation. Teachers are pivotal in this transmission process via their value-related educational goals (VrEGs), which outline how they would like to see their pupils in terms of values. What factors influence these VrEGs? We suggest that those vary on an individual level, but also correspond to the prevailing value orientations of the society. In our study we followed two main goals to test this thesis. Firstly, we examine the differences in VrEGs between teachers of two European countries: Switzerland (CH) and United Kingdom (UK). Secondly, we investigated the similarity of the teachers’ VrEGs with prevailing national value orientations from the specific countries. One hundred and fifty primary school teachers (108 CH, 42 UK) were asked about their VrEGs using an adapted version of Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-21). Data from the Human Value Scale (HVS) of the European Social Survey (ESS) was used for country-specific value orientations. Analyses of the value structures and the differences in value priorities showed that for the individuals from the two countries as well as for the teachers’ VrEGs from the two countries, significant differences exist in several value types. Teachers’ VrEGs in each country showed a high correlation with the corresponding national value profile. We discuss our results in light of cross-national differences in value education in schools.
Differential exposure to palatable food and its effects on binge-like eating behavior in adolescent rats
Authors: Chávez-Hernández María Elena , Rodríguez-Serrano Luis Miguel , Díaz-Urbina Daniel , Muñóz-Sánchez Sinuhé , Buenrostro-Jáuregui Mario Humberto , Escartín-Pérez Rodrigo Erick
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Consumption of palatable food (PF) can lead to chronic overconsumption and obesity. Furthermore, adolescents may be vulnerable to excessively reinforcing foods, which increases the probability of developing overweight and obesity in adulthood. The role of PF availability in binge-like intake among adolescents without caloric needs remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate which PF access protocol is the most sensitive to induce increased caloric intake and binge-like eating during adolescence.

Methods

We used 24 male Wistar rats [30 postnatal days (PND)]; standard food and water were provided ad libitum. Rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) continuous, daily access to PF; (b) intermittent, 1-day access/1-day no-access; or (c) weekend, 3 days-access/4 days no-access. All groups had 1 h access to PF (chocolate sandwich cookies). Access protocols were maintained for 6 weeks; afterward, rats underwent a 7-day withdrawal period, and were then evaluated on a binge-eating test.

Results

Chronic restricted PF access induces binge-like intake, with intermittent access resulting in the highest binge index. Additionally, caloric intake of PF increases over time during adolescence, with differential effects of intermittent and weekend access.

Conclusion

Chronic restricted access to PF during adolescence induces binge-like intake, with differences depending on PF availability. This can lead to chronic overconsumption under non-homeostatic conditions.
Can leisure education effect on screen time and perceived leisure benefits for college students?
Authors: Özkara Abdullah Bora , Mulazimoglu Olcay , Somoglu Mustafa Baris , Kirkbir Fatih , Tokul Erdi , Aydemir Burakhan , Senturk Halil Evren , Dalbudak Ibrahim , Ozcilingir Ozgun Mirac
Published: November 2024

Background

Since children and adolescents usually spend their theoretical course time at schools, they experience many negative effects of inactivity and physical inactivity. They are disadvantaged in terms of facing many health and social problems due to lack of physical activity. This sedentary life increases their exposure to screens and the time they spend sitting.

Aim of the study

The first aim of this research is to conduct an experimental study to reduce the excessive screen time of college students with an exercise intervention. The second aim of the study is to examine the perceived benefits of leisure activities of students with an exercise intervention.

Methods

In this direction, the study group of the research, which was conducted as an experimental study, consisted of 176 [74 female (42.0%), 102 male (58.0%)] students studying in the department of mathematics at college. In the study, the screen exposure time of students was measured with the “Screen time scale for youth and adolescents” along with a personal information form. In addition, the “Perceived Leisure Benefit Scale” scale was used to evaluate the participants’ awareness of the benefits obtained from leisure activities.

Results and conclusion

According to the findings of the research, it was determined that there was a positive and significant decrease in the screen time of the experimental group participants of students who participated in the research before and after the exercise intervention. In the Leisure Benefit Scale, it was observed that there were significant positive differences in favor of the experimental group.
Seeing life in the teeming world: animacy perception in arthropods
Authors: De Agrò Massimo , Galpayage Dona Hiruni Samadi , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: November 2024

The term “animacy perception” describes the ability of animals to detect cues that indicate whether a particular object in the environment is alive or not. Such skill is crucial for survival, as it allows for the rapid identification of animated agents, being them potential social partners, or dangers to avoid. The literature on animacy perception is rich, and the ability has been found to be present in a wide variety of vertebrate taxa. Many studies suggest arthropods also possess this perceptual ability, however, the term “animacy” has not often been explicitly used in the research focused on these models. Here, we review the current literature providing evidence of animacy perception in arthropods, focusing especially on studies of prey categorization, predator avoidance, and social interactions. First, we present evidence for the detection of biological motion, which involves recognizing the spatio-temporal patterns characteristic of liveliness. We also consider the congruency between shape and motion that gives rise to animacy percept, like the maintenance of a motion direction aligned with the main body axis. Next, we discuss how some arthropods use static visual cues, such as facial markings, to detect and recognize individuals. We explore the mechanisms, development, and neural basis of this face detection system, focusing on the well-studied paper wasps. Finally, we discuss thanatosis—a behavior in which an animal feigns death to disrupt cues of liveliness—as evidence for the active manipulation of animacy perception in arthropods.
Prevalence of homosexual and bisexual orientation in patients with borderline personality disorder and associated factors – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shu Ying Chi Camille , Lau Ka To , Ho Cyrus Su Hui
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively evaluate the association between homosexual and bisexual orientation and borderline personality disorder (BPD), including factors contributing to the association and clinical outcomes of homosexual and bisexual patients with BPD.

Methods

We systematically searched PUBMED, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science for cross-sectional or cohort studies comparing the prevalence of homosexual and bisexual orientation amongst patients with BPD and controls.

Results

Our search identified 7 eligible studies, with a total sample case of 636 subjects with BPD and 535 subjects without BPD. Patients with BPD had a significantly higher likelihood of homosexual and bisexual orientation (Risk ratio [RR] 3.39, 95%CI 1.88-6.12) with a pooled prevalence of 28% (95% CI 0.24-0.31; I2 73%; 7 studies, 1171 participants). Subgroup analyses validated that BPD was independently associated with higher prevalence of both homosexual (RR 8.51, 95% CI 3.36-21.54) and bisexual orientation (RR 3.82, 95% CI 1.81-8.04), but no gender difference was yielded. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was associated with the development of homosexual and bisexual orientation in patients with BPD.

Discussion

Poorer clinical outcomes, including physical and mental health, were associated with BPD status. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of sexual minority-specific treatment for these patients.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=538356, identifier CRD42024538356.
The environmental health citizen interview tool: towards an inclusive qualitative environmental wellbeing approach in support of planetary health
Authors: Delbaere Ben , Pereira Barboza Evelise , Plüschke-Altof Bianka , Chebotareva Mariia , Van Rafelghem Evelien , Blockmans Lauren , Keune Hans
Published: November 2024

Background

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are vital for addressing climate change and biodiversity loss, yet their benefits are often unequally distributed. This study introduces the Environmental Health Citizen Interview Tool, aiming to inclusively capture diverse perspectives on environmental wellbeing using qualitative research methods. The principles of epistemic justice and planetary health are central to its development.

Methods

The Environmental Health Citizen Interview Tool was developed as a qualitative tool, incorporating a simple visualization scoring system for responses. Six environmental health determinants were selected, with in-depth open-ended follow-up questions. Content validation involved transdisciplinary expert consultation. A guidebook for using the tool was also developed.

Findings

The tool offers a comprehensive approach to inquire environmental wellbeing, accommodating diverse perspectives through in-depth inquiries. Limitations include the need for further validation and testing.

Interpretation

The Environmental Health Citizen Interview Tool provides a practical framework for inclusive assessment of environmental wellbeing, aligned with planetary health and epistemic justice principles. Its application should be complemented by quantitative environmental monitoring such as air quality and be contextualized by local researchers for reliability and relevance. Future research should focus on refining the tool and exploring its utility in diverse settings to inform equitable local policy interventions.
Physical and mental health status and influencing factors of older adults in community-dwelling in Northeast China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gao Mingcheng , Chen Ziyang , Li Jing , Liu Yue , Lv Run , Chen Huanhong , Zhang Lulu , He Yining , Guo Na , Zhang Yuping , Zhang Ying , Dai Xin
Published: November 2024

Background

Between 2020 and 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic spread globally, and the implementation of preventive measures led to reduced outdoor activities for older adults, resulting in a decline in social functioning. This study aims to improve community-based health interventions tailored to older adults experiencing physical and psychological declines following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This study utilized previous data mining results to estimate the demand for community health services for older adults. It involves collecting questionnaire responses to understand the basic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors of older adults. The severity of health issues among older adults was assessed using the KCL and GHQ-12 scales. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, ANOVA, non-parametric tests as applicable, and stratified binary logistic regression to determine the factors influencing the health status of older adults.

Results

Over 60% of the older adult population suffers from chronic diseases, and more than 70% do not participate in social activities. In the overall older adults, the detection rate for poor health is 15.60%. Chronic illness, reduced ability to perform daily activities, anxiety, poor self-rated health, sleep disturbances, and nutritional imbalance were identified as key risk factors affecting the health of older adults in the community.

Conclusion

Older adults mainly engage in physical exercise, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and control their diet as self-care strategies. Early signs of frailty are characterized by declines in lower limb muscle function and memory. The most common manifestation of poor health among older adults is anxiety.
The effect of Virtual Reality Cycling with Music on simple obesity in college students: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in China
Authors: Zhao Meng , Lei Ying , Wei Ziran , You Ming
Published: November 2024

Background

Simple obesity has become an increasingly prevalent health concern among college students. Existing research indicates that traditional exercise methods may not sufficiently engage this population, particularly those facing barriers to regular physical activity. Thus, this study investigated how combining VR cycling with music influenced fat reduction in this population.

Method

This study recruited 78 Chinese college students with simple obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) and randomly assigned them to either an experimental group (VR cycling combined with music, n = 41) or a control group (traditional cycling, n = 37). Both groups engaged in 12 weeks of cycling training, three times a week, for 45 min per session. Key physiological indicators, such as weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference, were measured at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention.

Results

The VR cycling with music group exhibited significant improvements in key physiological metrics compared to the control group. Notable changes included a 4.1% reduction in weight, a 2.8% decrease in BMI, and a 2.8% reduction in waist circumference. Hip circumference also decreased by 2.5%, while the waist-to-hip ratio dropped by 0.016 units. Furthermore, the intervention led to a 7.2% increase in vital capacity, with all outcomes showing statistical significance (p<0.01). The experimental group also reported higher levels of enjoyment and engagement throughout the intervention period.

Conclusion

Participants in the experimental group experienced significant reductions in weight, BMI, and both waist and hip circumferences, as well as a notable improvement in vital capacity. The study highlights that combining virtual reality cycling with music resulted in more substantial weight loss and fat reduction in obese college students, compared to traditional cycling methods.
Dynamics in the prevalence and clinical manifestations of acute mountain sickness of different ascent protocols during high altitudes exposure
Authors: Zhao Caitong , Zhao Xinyu , Ma Yan , Liu Yupeng , Chen Renzheng , Sha Lide
Published: November 2024

Background

Leisure, work, and sports activities that involve ascending to high altitudes (HA) are growing in popularity, yet they also pose the risk of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS). Despite the dynamic nature of AMS, its prevalence, clinical manifestations, and associated risks have still not to be comprehensively characterized.

Methods

A total of 770 healthy males, ranging in age from 18 to 45 years, were included in this study. The subjects were divided into two cohorts: a fast ascent cohort (n = 424) who ascended to 3,650 m by airplane, and a slow ascent cohort (n = 346) who ascended to the same altitude by bus. Subsequently, they all further ascended to 4,400 m. AMS was diagnosed using the Lake Louise Scoring system (LLS), with either the old or new version were employed.

Results

As diagnosed by the old LLS and new LLS, the incidence of AMS was 37.9 and 32.4% at 3650 m, respectively, which decreased to 35.7 and 32.4% after further ascending to 4,400 m in the fast ascent cohort; the incidence of AMS was 26.5 and 23.2% at 3650 m, which increased to 44.5 and 42.3% after further ascending to 4,400 m in the slow ascent cohort. Furthermore, there were noticeable disparities in the occurrence and progression of AMS-related symptoms among cohorts adhering to different ascent protocols. Specifically, fast ascent protocol posed a risk during the initial phase of the ascent, but transformed into a protective effect upon further ascent to a higher altitude.

Conclusion

Ascent protocol emerged as the pivotal influence on the prevalence of AMS and associated manifestations, demonstrating a transition from a risk factor during initial ascent to a protective factor following further ascent to higher altitudes. These findings suggest an innovative strategy for high-altitude expeditions and work endeavors, emphasizing the importance of a strategic plan for ascending to higher altitudes.
Esports Physical Exercise/PerformanceMatrix 1.0 Country Factsheets: a protocol for national, regional, and global annual assessment
Authors: Long Bo , Agudamu  , Matic Radenko M. , Popovic Stevo , Bu Te
Published: November 2024

This protocol helps evaluators gather current data and prepare annual assessments based on specific indicators to provide insights into physical activity among esports players and identify the challenges they face. This manuscript aims to develop a methodology for creating a standardized monitoring system to assess physical exercise and performance in esports players at national, regional, and global levels. This study protocol proposes 20 online sociodemographic indicators to help characterize participating countries and outline each country’s demographic profile. Additionally, this protocol proposes nine content indicators specifically designed to assess physical exercise and performance in esports players. A separate analysis will be required to evaluate each content indicator using a 10-point grading scale. This study protocol will facilitate the annual meetings of national evaluators (researchers) to produce reports, thereby fostering effective and dynamic linkages between research and practice.
Applying the Andersen behavioral model to the medication therapy management program: an approach for improving medication safety in older adults
Authors: Fu Yu-Hua , Castora-Binkley Melissa , Coe Antoinette B. , Snyder Margie E. , Cooke Catherine E. , Vogel Carlyn E. , Hines Lisa , Lyles Alan , Brandt Nicole
Published: November 2024

Medication therapy problems (MTPs) are common among older adults and are associated with considerable morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The Medicare Part D Medication Therapy Management (MTM) program, which includes Comprehensive Medication Reviews (CMRs), Targeted Medication Reviews (TMRs), and guidance on safe medication disposal, is designed to optimize therapeutic outcomes and reduce adverse events by addressing MTPs. Although this program has demonstrated success in reducing MTPs, its utilization remains low, with ongoing concerns about service access disparities, patient satisfaction, and long-term health outcomes. This perspective paper applies the Andersen Behavioral Model (ABM) to the Medicare Part D MTM program to enhance understanding of factors influencing service utilization and impact among older adults. The ABM provides a structured framework to examine how macro-and micro-level factors shape health behaviors and outcomes. By applying ABM framework to MTM, this paper highlights essential research directions to generate rigorous evidence for program evaluation, inform policy adjustments, and make targeted recommendations for improving MTM within the U.S. healthcare system. Furthermore, this work has potential implications for global programs aimed at enhancing medication safety by addressing MTPs and optimizing medication use.
SenseCare: a research platform for medical image informatics and interactive 3D visualization
Authors: Wang Guotai , Duan Qi , Shen Tian , Zhang Shaoting
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Clinical research on smart health has an increasing demand for intelligent and clinic-oriented medical image computing algorithms and platforms that support various applications. However, existing research platforms for medical image informatics have limited support for Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms and clinical applications.

Methods

To this end, we have developed SenseCare research platform, which is designed to facilitate translational research on intelligent diagnosis and treatment planning in various clinical scenarios. It has several appealing functions and features such as advanced 3D visualization, concurrent and efficient web-based access, fast data synchronization and high data security, multi-center deployment, support for collaborative research, etc.

Results and discussion

SenseCare provides a range of AI toolkits for different tasks, including image segmentation, registration, lesion and landmark detection from various image modalities ranging from radiology to pathology. It also facilitates the data annotation and model training processes, which makes it easier for clinical researchers to develop and deploy customized AI models. In addition, it is clinic-oriented and supports various clinical applications such as diagnosis and surgical planning for lung cancer, liver tumor, coronary artery disease, etc. By simplifying AI-based medical image analysis, SenseCare has a potential to promote clinical research in a wide range of disease diagnosis and treatment applications.
Applying health equity implementation science frameworks to population genetic screening
Authors: Rao Nandana D. , Fullerton Stephanie M. , Shirts Brian H. , Chen Annie T. , Henrikson Nora B.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Implementation science frameworks with a focus on health equity have emerged to help guide the introduction of new interventions into healthcare and community settings while limiting health disparities. The purpose of this research was to explore the applicability of such frameworks to guide the equitable implementation of population genetic screening programs.

Methods

We searched PubMed and reference lists for relevant frameworks and examples of their use in health settings. We then assessed if and how selected frameworks provide guidance for different stages of population genetic screening: recruitment, sample collection, result return, follow-up care and long-term management, and cascade screening. Findings were synthesized into a list of health equity considerations specific to each stage.

Results

We identified 5 implementation frameworks that focus on health equity. Guidance varied by framework type: determinant (explaining what affects implementation outcomes), process (translating research into practice), or evaluation (assessing implementation). Common characteristics included focusing implementation efforts on populations who have historically experienced health inequities and adapting interventions to fit local contexts. Process models also highlighted the importance of community partnerships.

Discussion

Overall, frameworks offered broad recommendations applicable to population genetic screening program implementation. However, gaps still exist in guidance provided for later stages of population genetic screening. To improve the equitable implementation of genetic screening, future programs may benefit from utilizing one or more of these frameworks or by incorporating the health equity considerations and outcomes compiled in this analysis.