bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Getting hot: Effect of chili pepper addition on sensory perception of liquid and solid foods
Authors: Lyu Cong , Hendriks Anne , Geary Lauren N. , Forde Ciarán G. , Stieger Markus
Published: December 2022

The impact of trigeminal oral burn and pungency on taste, flavor, and mouth‐feel perception of commercially available foods is underexplored. This study aimed to determine the effect of oral burn sensations evoked by the addition of chili powder to tomato soup, beef burger patties, and curried rice on taste, flavor, and mouth‐feel perception. Chili powder was added to tomato soups, beef burger patties, and curried rice at four concentrations. A consumer panel comprising n = 66 participants (49 women, 25.5 ± 5.8 years, BMI 22.9 ± 2.8 kg/m2) assessed taste, flavor, trigeminal, and mouth‐feel intensity of all samples using Rate‐All‐That‐Apply methodology. Food matrix consistency strongly impacted oral burn sensations with solid food matrices (beef burger patties and curried rice) suppressing oral burn intensity compared to liquid food matrices (tomato soup). With increasing oral burn intensity, perceived intensity of beef flavor decreased significantly for beef burger patties. Tomato flavor, sweetness, and sourness intensity decreased significantly with increasing oral burn intensity for tomato soups. Perceived burn intensity of all food matrices and beef flavor intensity of beef burger patties differed between infrequent and frequent chili pepper consumers. We conclude that increasing oral burn intensity by the addition of chili pepper powder led to only small reductions in taste and flavor intensity of tomato soups and to little or no changes in flavor and mouth‐feel perception of beef burger patties and curried rice. We suggest that reductions in taste, flavor, and mouth‐feel intensity caused by oral burn might be more pronounced in liquid (tomato soup) than solid foods (beef burger patties and curried rice).

Practical Application

There is a growing public and scientific interest in the development of strategies to increase the sensory appeal of healthy foods and beverages. Incorporation of trigeminal stimuli, such as chili peppers or capsaicin (pungent component of chili peppers), can be a strategy to increase sensory appeal of foods and beverages. Little is known about how trigeminal oral burn and pungency influence taste, flavor, and mouth‐feel perception of commercially available foods, although it has been well established that taste, flavor, mouth‐feel, and trigeminal sensations contribute to product acceptance. By investigating the sensory impact of oral burn on flavor and mouth‐feel perception of foods, this study may help to better understand how trigeminal stimuli can be applied to moderate flavor and mouth‐feel perception of foods to optimize sensory appeal.
Sporting the government: Sportspersons' engagement with causes in India and the USA on twitter
Authors: Mishra Dibyendu , Sen Ronojoy , Pal Joyojeet
Published: December 2022

With the ubiquitous reach of social media, influencers are becoming increasingly central to the articulation of political agendas on a range of topics. We curate a sample of tweets from the 200 most followed sportspersons in India and the USA since 2019, map their connections with politicians and visualise their engagements with key topics online. We find significant differences between the ways in which Indian and US sportspersons engage with politics—whereas leading Indian sportspersons tend to align closely with the ruling party and engage minimally in dissent, American sportspersons engage with a range of political issues and are willing to publicly criticise politicians or policy. Our findings suggest that the ownership and governmental control of sports affect public stances on issues that professional sportspersons are willing to engage in online. Also, depending on the government of the day, speaking up against the state and the government in power has different socioeconomic costs in the USA and India.
Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided re‐biopsy of non–small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment
Authors: Hong Kyung Soo , Cho Jinmo , Jang Jong Geol , Jang Min Hye , Ahn June Hong
Published: December 2022

Background

Few studies assessed the use of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)‐guided re‐biopsy for detecting the T790M mutation after epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) failure.

Methods

A total of 2996 EBUS procedures were performed during the study period (January 2019–June 2022). In total, 44 consecutive patients who underwent EBUS‐guided re‐biopsy (56 procedures) for detecting the T790M mutation were analyzed. The success rates and T790M mutation frequencies were analyzed according to the re‐biopsy site and EBUS method. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting the likelihood of the T790M mutation.

Results

The success rates for the mutation analyses using EBUS with a guide‐sheath (EBUS‐GS), EBUS guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA), and EBUS‐GS with EBUS‐TBNA for re‐biopsy were 80.6% (29/36), 93.3% (14/15), and 100% (5/5), respectively. Patients who underwent lymph node biopsy using EBUS‐TBNA had an increased rates of the T790M mutation compared with those undergoing lung biopsy using EBUS‐GS (EBUS‐TBNA, 60.0%; EBUS‐GS with EBUS‐TBNA, 40.0%; EBUS‐GS, 11.1%; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the use of a first‐generation EGFR‐TKI (odds ratio [OR], 4.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–17.58; p = 0.043) was associated with occurrence of the T790M mutation. Re‐biopsy of the metastatic site tended to be associated with a higher T790M mutation rate. Mild hemoptysis occurred in 3.6% (2/56) of the patients.

Conclusions

EBUS‐guided re‐biopsy can be used for detecting the T790M mutation in patients who failed EGFR‐TKI therapy. The T790M mutation frequency differed according to the re‐biopsy site. The use of a first‐generation EGFR‐TKI was an independent predictor of the T790M mutation.
Update on therapeutic strategy for esophageal anastomotic leak: A systematic literature review
Authors: Hua Feng , Sun Dongfeng , Zhao Xiaoming , Song Xuemin , Yang Wenfeng
Published: December 2022

Anastomotic leak is still a severe complication in esophageal surgery due to high mortality. This article reviews the updates on the treatment of anastomotic leak after esophagectomy in order to provide reference for clinical treatment and research. The relevant studies published in the Chinese Zhiwang, Wanfang, and MEDLINE databases to December 21, 2021 were retrieved, and esophageal carcinoma, esophagectomy, anastomotic leakage, and fistula selected as the keywords. A total of 78 studies were finally included. The treatments include traditional surgical drainage, new reverse drainage trans‐fistula, stent plugging, endoscopic clamping, biological protein glue injection plugging, endoluminal vacuum therapy (EVT), and reoperation, etc. Early diagnosis, accurate classification and optimal treatment can promote the rapid healing of anastomotic leaks. EVT may be the most valuable approach, simultaneously with good commercial prospects. Reoperation should be considered in patients with complex fistula in which conservative treatment is insufficient or has failed.
Clinical characteristics of adrenal insufficiency induced by pembrolizumab in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Kurokawa Kana , Mitsuishi Yoichiro , Shimada Naoko , Ito Naoaki , Ogiwara Misa , Miura Keita , Asao Tetsuhiko , Ko Ryo , Shukuya Takehito , Shibayama Rina , Goto Hiromasa , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved the clinical outcomes of many cancer types, but they induce a range of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Although adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a rare irAE, it can lead to serious consequences. This study aimed to determine the clinical features of patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who developed AI following pembrolizumab treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical data of all patients with NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab at Juntendo University Hospital from February 2017 to December 2020. The diagnosis of AI was established based on the Endocrine Emergency Guidance for the acute management of endocrine complications of checkpoint inhibitor therapy in the UK and the clinical practice guidelines of the Japan Endocrine Society.

Result

AI was clinically suspected in 59 out of 186 patients treated with pembrolizumab, and 10 (5.4%) cases were confirmed. The symptoms included hyponatremia (n = 9), fatigue (n = 8), and loss of appetite (n = 6). All patients had low adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, and five patients were diagnosed with isolated ACTH deficiency. All patients completely recovered with corticosteroid replacement. The median time to onset of AI was 8.0 (range 3.8–15.2) months. The median progression‐free survival in these patients was 22.4 (95% confidence interval 11.2–not reached) months.

Conclusion

The incidence of AI among patients treated with pembrolizumab is more frequent than previously reported. In addition, secondary AI, especially isolated ACTH deficiency, is a major form of AI induced by pembrolizumab.
Information Transparency and Investment in Follow‐on Innovation*
Authors: Chen Jeff Zeyun , Kim Yongtae , Yang Leo L. , Zhang Joseph H.
Published: December 2022

This study examines the role of information transparency in facilitating peer firms' investment in follow‐on innovation. We capture information transparency with both textual and numerical information disclosed in 10‐Ks. Using patent citations to proxy for investment in follow‐on innovation, we predict and find a positive association between transparency at the knowledge source and follow‐on innovation. We further show that the effect of information transparency varies with the degree of uncertainty around technological innovation. Thus, the evidence suggests that information transparency facilitates investment in follow‐on innovation by resolving uncertainty associated with investment in technological innovation. An analysis using the cited firms' going‐private decision as a negative shock to information transparency confirms the significant effect of a cited firm's disclosure on its decision to invest in follow‐on innovation. Our study contributes to the literature on the positive externalities of peer‐firm disclosures and highlights the important role of information transparency in shaping innovation investment decisions.
The relationship between fathers' heavy episodic drinking and fathering involvement in five Asia‐Pacific countries: An individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Laslett Anne‐Marie , Kuntsche Sandra , Wilson Ingrid M. , Taft Angela , Fulu Emma , Jewkes Rachel , Graham Kathryn
Published: December 2022

Background

This study aims to increase understanding of the relationship between heavy episodic drinking (HED) and fathers' involvement in parenting in five countries. The potential moderating effect of fathers' experiences of childhood trauma is also studied, controlling for the possible confounding of the effect of HED by father's attitudes toward gender equality, father's age and father's education.

Method

United Nations Multi‐Country Study on Men and Violence (UNMCS) survey data from 4562 fathers aged 18–49 years from Cambodia, China, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Sri Lanka were used to assess the relationship between fathering involvement (e.g., helping children with their homework) and self‐reported HED of 6+ drinks in one occasion vs. non‐HED and abstaining. Moderating effects of a 13‐item fathers' childhood trauma (FCT) scale were tested and analyses were adjusted for gender‐inequitable attitudes using the Gender‐Equitable Men scale score. Bivariate and adjusted individual participant meta‐analyses were used to determine effect estimates for each site and across all sites.

Results

Fathers' HED was associated with less positive parental involvement after adjusting for gender‐equitable attitudes, FCT, age and education. No overall interaction between HED and FCT was identified. Gender equitable attitudes were associated with fathering involvement in some countries but not overall (p = 0.07).

Conclusions

Heavy episodic drinking was associated with reduced positive fathering involvement. These findings suggest that interventions to increase fathers' involvement in parenting should include targeting reductions in fathers' HED. Structural barriers to fathers' involvement should be considered alongside HED in future studies of fathers' engagement with their children.
Comparison of three systems for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in a community sample
Authors: Coles Claire D. , Bandoli Gretchen , Kable Julie A. , del Campo Miguel , Suttie Michael , Chambers Christina D.
Published: December 2022

Background

It is estimated that 1%–5% of children in the United States are affected by prenatal alcohol exposure while only a small percentage are so identified in clinical practice. One explanation for this discrepancy may be the way in which diagnostic criteria are operationalized.

Methods

To evaluate the extent to which three commonly used systems for the diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) consistently identified children in a community sample, data from the Collaboration on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevalence (COFASP) study were re‐analyzed. In the data set, there were 2325 children with variables necessary to allow diagnosis by three systems commonly used in North America. These systems were (1) that used by COFASP, which is a revised modification of the Institute of Medicine's recommendations, (2) the 4‐Digit Code, and (3) the most recent Canadian Guidelines. To determine the degree of association among these classifications, the Fleiss Multirater Kappa measure of agreement was applied.

Results

Among these three systems, 408 children were classified as FASD, 208 by the CoFASP system, 319 by the 4‐Digit Code, and 28 by the Canadian Guidelines. Agreement among the findings from the three systems varied from slight to fair.

Conclusions

These results indicate a lack of consistency in these approaches to FASD diagnosis. Discrepancies result from differences in specifying the criteria used to define the diagnosis, including growth, physical features, neurobehavior, and alcohol‐use thresholds. The question of their relative accuracy cannot be resolved without reference to a measure of validity that does not currently exist, and this suggests the need for a more empirically based diagnostic schema.
Estimating child maltreatment cases that could be alcohol‐attributable in New Zealand
Authors: Huckle Taisia , Romeo Jose S.
Published: December 2022

Aims

Children are an important group harmed by others' alcohol consumption. This study (1) compared the risk of occurrence of child maltreatment among children exposed versus not exposed to parents with an alcohol‐attributable hospitalization or service use for mental health/addiction and (2) conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the cases of child maltreatment that could be attributable to alcohol under two different conditions in New Zealand.

Design

A cohort study conducted among children 0−17 years and their parents (years 2000–2017) using the Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure. The New Zealand Health Survey 2017 was also used.

Setting

New Zealand.

Participants

58 359 children aged 0–17 years and their parents.

Measurements

Survival analysis based on a Bayesian piecewise exponential model was used to estimate the risk of time to first substantiated child maltreatment event (identified from social service, hospital, mortality and police data) related to exposure to parents with an alcohol‐attributable hospitalization or who used a mental health/addiction service (versus no exposure). Potential confounders were included for parents and children. The sensitivity analyses (i) estimated an alcohol‐attributable admissions/service use fraction for maltreatment in 2017 and (ii) calculated a population‐attributable fraction using the relative risk from the cohort and prevalence of hazardous drinking (AUDIT 8+) among parents in 2017.

Findings

There was a 65.1% [1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.46−1.86] increased risk of child maltreatment if a child was exposed to parents who had an alcohol‐attributable hospitalized or mental health/addictions service use. The sensitivity analyses estimated that in 2017 14.6% (CI = 14.0−15.3%) and 11.4% (95% CI = 8.4−14.3%) of the documented cases of child maltreatment in New Zealand could be attributable to parents with severe or hazardous consumption.

Conclusions

In New Zealand, exposure to parents with an alcohol‐attributable hospitalization or service use is a risk factor for substantiated child maltreatment.
The efficacy of three passive ultrasonic irrigation systems on intracanal medicament removal in a novel standardised three‐dimensionally printed model
Authors: Kim Na‐Yeon , Kim Hee‐Jin , Min Kyung‐San
Published: December 2022

This study compared the efficacy of several passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) systems in removing intracanal medicament using 3‐dimensionally printed root canal model assembled with dentin specimen. After the placement of the model in the agar container (37°C), the intracanal medicament was removed using three different PUI instruments including CK file, Irrisafe and Endosonic Blue. Then, the area coated by the medicament and the volumetric percentage of the remaining medicament was measured. Irrisafe and Endosonic Blue showed higher removal efficacy than CK and the control regarding both the coated area and remaining volume (p < 0.05). CK showed the lowest efficacy among the tested PUI systems (p > 0.05). Notably, Endosonic Blue group showed the smallest coated area among the tested groups (p < 0.05). Conclusively, PUI systems made of nickel‐titanium alloy with small dimensions, such as Endosonic Blue, have advantages for the removal of intracanal medicaments from curved root canals.
Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA): initial experience in Australia
Authors: Pradhan Sharin , Fernando Dhanushke T. , Tien Alan , Wong Sze Ling , Yew Ming K.
Published: December 2022

Background

Thyroidectomy is traditionally an open procedure. The potential for and unpredictability of patients developing an unsightly anterior neck scar has led many investigators to develop various ‘scarless’ thyroidectomy techniques. Here we report on our initial experience, and to our knowledge, the first and largest series of this technique in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods

Across two centres in Western Australia, three Endocrine surgeons utilized the Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA). Key endpoints such as operating time, blood loss, pain scores, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism was collected. Data was analysed using R statistical program.

Results

One hundred and two TOETVAs were performed between March 2018 and May 2021. There were 66 hemithyroidectomies, 34 total thyroidectomies (four converted to open), and two isthmusectomies. We noted a trend in median operating time decreasing over the study period. There were no cases of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, wound infection, seroma or haematoma. We had four instances of open conversion; one temporary RLN palsy, and 12 cases of temporary hypoparathyroidism.

Conclusion

This is the first series of TOETVA reported in Australia and New Zealand. Our results demonstrate that with appropriate surgeon experience, training, collaboration, and in well selected patients, this is a feasible and safe thyroidectomy technique. We hope that our work will build confidence in Endocrine Surgical units seeking to develop this technique in Australia.
Regional Swedish study found that one in seven coeliac patients experienced loss of follow up during childhood
Authors: Ulnes Maria , Albrektsson Henrik , Størdal Ketil , Saalman Robert , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Mårild Karl
Published: December 2022

Aim

To examine the clinical follow up of paediatric coeliac disease and the rate of loss of follow up during childhood, for which data are scarce.

Methods

In a cohort of coeliac children diagnosed in 2013–2018 in Gothenburg, Sweden, we retrospectively explored the follow‐up practice of paediatric coeliac disease until June 2021. We used medical records from hospital‐based paediatric gastroenterology and general paediatric outpatient clinics, laboratory records, and questionnaires. Loss of follow up was defined no coeliac disease‐related follow up or tissue transglutaminase test over the past 2 years of study enrolment.

Results

We included 162 children (58% girls) aged 7.8–18.2 years (average 12.7). Most participants (76%) were followed at general paediatric outpatient clinics rather than hospital‐based clinics. After 2.3–8.8 (average 5.3) years since diagnosis, 23 patients (14%; 95% confidence interval, 9%–21%) had been lost to follow up. Patients with loss of follow up were more often boys (61% versus 39%, p = 0.08), with a somewhat longer average disease duration of 5.8 versus 5.2 years (p = 0.11). There were no between‐group differences in socio‐economic characteristics and patient‐reported experience measures of coeliac disease care.

Conclusion

One in seven coeliac patients may experience loss of follow up during childhood.
Who is a neighbourhood? Studying a thing that isn't a thing in Southeast Asia
Authors: Harms Erik
Published: December 2022

There is no such thing as a neighbourhood. But neighbourhoods are everywhere. Neighbourhoods are regularly described as things, but we cannot touch them. We typically understand neighbourhoods as places, but we can neither see them nor find their edges. The more one stares at a neighbourhood, the more it seems impossible to see it. Nevertheless, there is something—an often intangible and indescribably social something—compelling us not only to imagine but to experience the neighbourhood being stared at as a real thing. In social science analysis, one important thing that we stare at but cannot see is ‘the social’. To more properly understand the neighbourhood, then, this paper takes the social seriously. It places people and their relationships at the centre of a project to develop a working understanding of the neighbourhood. Instead of asking, ‘What is a neighbourhood?’ the paper suggests that we must always begin by asking, ‘Who is a neighbourhood?’ The empirical basis for the paper's conceptual reflections on the neighbourhood emerge out of a collaborative research project conducted under the auspices of a multicity research project called the Southeast Asia Neighbourhoods Network.
Spatial capital, cultural consumption and expatriate neighbourhoods in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Yun Hae Young , Kim Jeehun , Ho K. C.
Published: December 2022

Cities of the Global South constitute a wide band in terms of their integration into the global economy. For cities like Hanoi, the sustained influx of foreign direct investments has propelled them into playing increasingly important roles as manufacturing centres. Along with this new role is the influx of expatriate managers who watch overseas manufacturing subsidiaries. Our paper focuses on Korean expatriate neighbourhoods and their impacts on Hanoi. More specifically, we show how the presence of such communities has resulted in important changes in the host city, firstly in housing typology (such as the introduction of high‐rise mixed‐use complexes), and secondly, in cultural consumption. We argue that Korean privilege, cultural consumption practices, and the desire for support and solidarity within the Korean social network in Hanoi work to create new forms of city‐building knowledge, one that originates from the neighbourhoods of these new and rich settlers in the city. Such forms of knowledge subsequently go on to reshape the economic, cultural and social spaces in the globalising city.
Two-Level Bayesian Interaction Analysis for Survival Data Incorporating Pathway Information
Authors: Qin Xing , Ma Shuangge , Wu Mengyun
Published: December 2022

Genetic interactions play an important role in the progression of complex diseases, providing explanation of variations in disease phenotype missed by main genetic effects. Comparatively, there are fewer studies on survival time, given its challenging characteristics such as censoring. In recent biomedical research, two-level analysis of both genes and their involved pathways has received much attention and been demonstrated as more effective than single-level analysis. However, such analysis is usually limited to main effects. Pathways are not isolated, and their interactions have also been suggested to have important contributions to the prognosis of complex diseases. In this paper, we develop a novel two-level Bayesian interaction analysis approach for survival data. This approach is the first to conduct the analysis of lower-level gene–gene interactions and higher-level pathway–pathway interactions simultaneously. Significantly advancing from the existing Bayesian studies based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, we propose a variational inference framework based on the accelerated failure time model with effective priors to accommodate two-level selection as well as censoring. Its computational efficiency is much desirable for high-dimensional interaction analysis. We examine performance of the proposed approach using extensive simulation. The application to TCGA melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma data leads to biologically sensible findings with satisfactory prediction accuracy and selection stability.
Late Jurassic back‐arc extension in the Neuquén Basin (37°S): Insights from structural, sedimentological and provenance analyses
Authors: Acevedo Eliana , Fernández Paz Lucía , Encinas Alfonso , Horton Brian K. , Hernando Agustín , Valencia Victor , Folguera Andrés
Published: December 2022

The Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous evolution of the Neuquén Basin is traditionally attributed to a long phase of thermal subsidence. However, recent works have challenged this model. In view of this, we study the Late Jurassic Tordillo Formation, a non‐marine depositional unit that marks a shift to regional regression across the basin. Previous studies propose different causes for this regression, including the growth of the magmatic arc in the west, uplift in the south or extension in the north. We studied the Tordillo Formation in sections located at an intermediate position in the Neuquén Basin, in order to understand the tectonic processes active during sedimentation. We present evidence of normal faulting within the Tordillo Formation and the base of the overlying Vaca Muerta Formation. Some of these faults can be attributed as syndepositional. We characterize the Tordillo Formation as part of a distal fan‐playa lake depositional system with a contemporaneous western magmatic arc as the main source of sediment. When compared to the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic NE to NNE‐oriented rifting, which marks the opening of the Neuquén Basin, the Late Jurassic extension shows a switch in stress orientation; the latter is orthogonal to the north‐trending subduction zone. We interpret this change as a renewed phase of back‐arc extension induced by slab rollback along with minor distributed intraplate extension prior to opening of the South Atlantic Ocean.
Logging leaves a fingerprint on the number, size, spatial configuration and geometry of tropical forest canopy gaps
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Fischer Fabian Jörg , Coomes David A. , Jucker Tommaso
Published: December 2022

Recent advances in remote sensing such as airborne laser scanning have revolutionized our ability to accurately map forest canopy gaps, with huge implications for tracking forest dynamics at scale. However, few studies have explored how canopy gaps vary among forests at different successional stages following disturbances, such as those caused by logging. Moreover, most studies have focused exclusively on the size distribution of gaps, ignoring other key features such as their spatial distribution and shape. Here, we test a series of hypotheses about how the number, size, spatial configuration, and geometry of gaps vary across a logging disturbance gradient in Malaysian Borneo. As predicted, we found that recently logged forests had much higher gap fraction compared to old‐growth forests, a result of having both a greater total number of gaps and a higher proportion of large gaps. Regrowing forests, on the other hand, fell at the opposite end of the spectrum, being characterized by both fewer and smaller gaps compared to nearby old‐growth forests. Across all successional stages gaps were found to be spatially clustered. However, logging significantly diluted the degree of spatial aggregation and led to the formation of gaps with much more complex geometries. Our results showcase how logging and subsequent regrowth substantially alter not just the number and size of gaps in a forest, but also their spatial arrangement and shape. Linking these emergent patterns to their underlying processes is key to better understanding the impacts of human disturbance on the structure and function of tropical forests.

Abstract in Malay is available with online material.
Cytopathological features of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation and histopathological correlation
Authors: Ferreira Juanita E. , Mbagwu Emmy , Lee Eun Y. , Shelman Nathan R. , Allison Derek B.
Published: December 2022

The authors report a case of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GAED) presenting as an unknown primary and offer the first description of this tumour on cytological preparation with histopathological correlation. Although challenging, a specific diagnosis can be made in the right clinical scenario.
Emerging professionals practicing family science: Reflections of peer educators delivering relationship education
Authors: McElwain Alyssa , Finnegan Vanessa
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study aimed to understand the experiences of peer educators who taught healthy marriage and relationship education (HMRE) to their peers.

Background

Peer‐led health‐promoting programs can benefit program recipients, yet less is known about the experiences of peer educators themselves. Literature indicates peer educators of HMRE may experience several practical, personal, and interpersonal impacts.

Method

This qualitative study used purposeful sampling to analyze reflection papers from 15 peer educators enrolled in a service‐learning course at a public university. The researchers implemented an interpretive phenomenological approach to understand what peer educators experienced as active participants implementing HMRE programming.

Results

Themes emerged about personal impacts such as the application of HMRE content to their own relationships. Peer educators developed an understanding of HMRE program implementation, explored family life education as a potential career, and developed key professional skills. Peer educators reflected on the reciprocal interactions with audience members and challenges and benefits of collaborating to implement an HMRE program.

Conclusion

A peer educator approach to delivering HMRE programming provides a unique, challenging, and beneficial opportunity for emerging family science professionals.

Implications

A peer educator approach to delivering HMRE programming is an impactful method for training future family science professionals.
The impact of ocean warming on juvenile American lobster recruitment off southeastern Massachusetts
Authors: Casey Flynn , Churchill James H. , Cowles Geoffrey W. , Pugh Tracy L. , Wahle Richard A. , Stokesbury Kevin D. E. , Glenn Robert P.
Published: December 2022

During the 1990s, coastal habitat off southeastern Massachusetts (SEMA) supported commercially viable fisheries for American lobster (Homarus americanus). Over the past two decades, landings and post‐larval settlement of lobsters in this region, which is near the southern edge of the species' range, have declined substantially, concurrent with a period of significant warming of the coastal waters off southern New England. Previous work has suggested that rising ocean temperatures may adversely impact the survival of larval and early benthic phase (EBP) lobsters and may cause adult lobsters to seek cooler offshore waters during the critical time of larval release. To investigate the manner in which the observed decline in lobster abundance may be linked to warming coastal waters, a high‐resolution hydrodynamic model was used to quantify the increase in water temperature experienced by EBP lobster off SEMA and to supply input to an individual‐based model of lobster larval transport from release areas delineated using fishery‐dependent data of late‐stage egg‐bearing lobsters. The results indicate that rising coastal water temperatures may have adversely impacted EBP lobster recruitment off SEMA by (1) causing an offshore shift in the area of larval release that resulted in a reduction in the delivery of larvae to suitable nearshore EBP habitat and (2) dramatically increasing thermal stress experienced by recently settled EBP lobsters. These findings highlight the implications of warming coastal waters on southern New England lobster population connectivity and provide insight to an understudied mechanism by which climate change affects marine species recruitment.
Microbial biosignatures in ancient deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfides
Authors: Runge Eric Alexander , Mansor Muammar , Kappler Andreas , Duda Jan‐Peter
Published: December 2022

Deep‐sea hydrothermal systems provide ideal conditions for prebiotic reactions and ancient metabolic pathways and, therefore, might have played a pivotal role in the emergence of life. To understand this role better, it is paramount to examine fundamental interactions between hydrothermal processes, non‐living matter, and microbial life in deep time. However, the distribution and diversity of microbial communities in ancient deep‐sea hydrothermal systems are still poorly constrained, so evolutionary, and ecological relationships remain unclear. One important reason is an insufficient understanding of the formation of diagnostic microbial biosignatures in such settings and their preservation through geological time. This contribution centers around microbial biosignatures in Precambrian deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfide deposits. Intending to provide a valuable resource for scientists from across the natural sciences whose research is concerned with the origins of life, we first introduce different types of biosignatures that can be preserved over geological timescales (rock fabrics and textures, microfossils, mineral precipitates, carbonaceous matter, trace metal, and isotope geochemical signatures). We then review selected reports of biosignatures from Precambrian deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfide deposits and discuss their geobiological significance. Our survey highlights that Precambrian hydrothermal sulfide deposits potentially encode valuable information on environmental conditions, the presence and nature of microbial life, and the complex interactions between fluids, micro‐organisms, and minerals. It further emphasizes that the geobiological interpretation of these records is challenging and requires the concerted application of analytical and experimental methods from various fields, including geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and microbiology. Well‐orchestrated multidisciplinary studies allow us to understand the formation and preservation of microbial biosignatures in deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfide systems and thus help unravel the fundamental geobiology of ancient settings. This, in turn, is critical for reconstructing life's emergence and early evolution on Earth and the search for life elsewhere in the universe.
“A part of being a woman, really”: Menopause at work as “dirty” femininity
Authors: Whiley Lilith A. , Wright Ashley , Stutterheim Sarah E. , Grandy Gina
Published: December 2022

This research extends understandings of women's lived experiences of menopause at work, as embodied complex gendered aging. Menopause as a type of “dirty” femininity and femme performance is theorized to elucidate both the stigmatizing effects of menopause at work and the opportunity to reclaim femininity in‐and‐for itself. This theory is illustrated through the accounts of women experiencing menopause at work. Menopause at work is problematized, pathologized, and “dirty” as an embodied experience that is physically, emotionally, morally, and socially tainted. As “dirty” femininity, menopause represents both material “dirt” (leaky bodies) and symbolic “dirt” (no longer leaky and no longer fertile), thereby eroding women's ability to perform patriarchal hegemonic femininity. Small pockets of resistance are also observed as some of these women engage in femme performances in defiance of hegemonic masculinity. The article offers avenues for future research in shame, taint management, women in leadership, and intersectionality to extend the conceptual and empirical contributions on menopause at work.
Diagnostic accuracy of enhanced liver fibrosis test for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis‐related fibrosis: Multicenter study
Authors: Seko Yuya , Takahashi Hirokazu , Toyoda Hidenori , Hayashi Hideki , Yamaguchi Kanji , Iwaki Michihiro , Yoneda Masato , Arai Taeang , Shima Toshihide , Fujii Hideki , Morishita Asahiro , Kawata Kazuhito , Tomita Kengo , Kawanaka Miwa , Yoshida Yuichi , Ikegami Tadashi , Notsumata Kazuo , Oeda Satoshi , Kamada Yoshihiro , Sumida Yoshio , Fukushima Hideaki , Miyoshi Eiji , Aishima Shinichi , Okanoue Takeshi , Nakajima Atsushi , Itoh Yoshito ,   Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG‐NAFLD)
Published: December 2022

Aim

The enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test is a noninvasive method for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This multicenter cohort study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the ELF test and compare it with other noninvasive tests in Japan.

Methods

We analyzed 371 Japanese patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. We constructed area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROC) to determine the diagnostic accuracies of the ELF test, the Mac‐2‐binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi), the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index, and combinations of these indices.

Results

In patients with F0/F1/F2/F3/F4 fibrosis, the median values of the ELF test were 8.98/9.56/10.39/10.92/11.41, respectively. The AUROCs of the ELF test for patients with F0 versus F1–4, F0–1 versus F2–4, F0–2 versus F3–4, and F0–3 versus F4 fibrosis were 0.825/0.817/0.802/0.812, respectively. The AUROCs of the ELF test were greater than those of the FIB‐4 index and M2BPGi at each fibrosis stage. Respective low and high cut‐off values yielded sensitivities and specificities for predicting advanced fibrosis (≥F3) of 91.1% and 50.8%, and 38.5% and 92.8%, respectively. For F3 or F4 fibrosis, the combined values from the ELF test and FIB‐4 index showed a sensitivity of 98.5%, and the combined values from the ELF test and M2BPGi assay showed a specificity of 97.5%.

Conclusions

In Japan, the ELF test predicts NAFLD‐related fibrosis from its early stages. The diagnostic ability of the ELF test was not inferior to that of other indices, and the combined values of ELF plus other indices were more accurate.
Response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic of dental hygienists in South Korea—PartII: Fear and anxiety
Authors: Yim Hyun‐Kyung , Min Ji‐Hyun
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the mental fear and anxiety about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among Korean clinical dental hygienists and to investigate factors influencing the anxiety felt after the outbreak of COVID‐19.

Methods

A questionnaire on mental fear (Fear‐C) and anxiety for COVID‐19 was conducted among 500 clinical dental hygienists in South Korea. Fear‐C was identified with eight questions. The General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) questionnaire was scored for the pre‐COVID‐19 situation (GADBefore) and the current situation going through the pandemic (GADAfter). The scores for the responses to the questionnaire were 0 points for strong negative and 3 points for strong positive. Higher scores indicate higher levels of fear and anxiety. All data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and the statistical significance was set atα = 0.05.

Results

The average Fear‐C was 16.11 ± 3.89 out of 24.00. There were significant differences in Fear‐C when the type of work organization and symptoms related to COVID‐19 (Sx‐C) differed. Significant differences were confirmed in GADBeforeaccording to age range, systemic diseases, and Sx‐C (p < 0.05). There was no difference in GADAfterfor all general characteristics, except Sx‐C (p > 0.05). In the regression model of GADAfter, Sx‐C (β = 0.526), Fear‐C (β = 0.358), and GADBefore(β = 0.515) were positively related to GADAfter(p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

Most dental hygienists complained of Fear‐C. GADAfterwas significantly higher than GADBefore. The factor that had the greatest impact on GADAfterwas Sx‐C.
Exploring avoidance of dental care due to dental fear and economic burden –A cross‐sectional study in a national sample of younger adults in Norway
Authors: Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Agdal Maren Lillehaug , Sulo Gerhard
Published: December 2022

Aim

To assess the prevalence of dental avoidance due to dental fear and economic burden and its distribution by utilization of dental care and socio‐behavioural characteristics.

Method

A sample of 9052 Norwegian adults aged 25–35 years was invited to participate, and 2551 completed electronic questionnaires regarding lifetime prevalence of dental avoidance due to fear and last year prevalence of dental avoidance due to economic burden.

Results

Cancelled‐ and avoided ordering appointments due to fear amounted to 14.7% and 30.5%, respectively. Avoidance of dental visits due to cost was 37.7%. Frequency of cancelled appointments due to fear was 30% and 16.6% among participants attending dental care several times annually and seldom, respectively. Multiple logistic regression revealed that avoiding dental visits due to cost was less likely among participants with higher household income (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.5) and more likely among participants with dental care need (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7). Cancelled and avoided appointments due to fear was most likely among those with need for dental care and lower education. Early unpleasant experience with dental care remained a covariate of avoidance behaviour due to fear.

Conclusion

14.7%, 30.5%, and 37.7% confirmed cancelled appointments due to fear, avoided ordering appointments due to fear, and avoided visiting the dentist due to cost. Avoiding dental care due to fear and economic burden was more and less common among participants with respectively, frequent and seldom use of dental care. Dental avoidance behaviours were highest among socially disadvantaged groups, indicating a hole in the welfare state model that needs political consideration.
Evaluation of dental hygiene learning outcomes through smartphone‐based educational slides targeting dental hygienists: A pilot study
Authors: Myoken Yoshiko , Kawamoto Takeshi , Nakata Masako , Fujita Yoshinori , Toratani Shigeaki , Tsubahara Yohei , Myoken Yoshinari
Published: December 2022

Objective

Education reflecting fundamental knowledge is required for competent health care providers, but often lectures are not available for this purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the dental hygiene learning outcomes following the presentation of web‐based slides on a smartphone to dental hygienists.

Methods

A two‐group nonblinded quasi‐experimental design was used for this study. Forty‐six dental hygienists were assigned to a study (n = 31) or control group (n = 15). The study group viewed 22 slides on fundamental oral health knowledge using smartphones. Pre and postviewing tests (score range: 1–13) and a questionnaire were conducted to evaluate knowledge acquisition and to receive feedback from participants. Differences between the study and control group and intrastudy group differences were statistically evaluated.

Results

The fundamental knowledge of dental hygienists improved after viewing the slides: the study group had a significantly higher mean score than the control group (10.87 vs. 6.60; p < 0.001). Study group participants also had substantially higher post‐test than pretest knowledge scores (mean 10.87 vs. 6.26, p < 0.001). In the questionnaire, more than 85% of the participants answered that the content of the slides would be useful in their clinical practice.

Conclusion

Smartphone‐based educational slides were beneficial for conveying fundamental and recent oral health knowledge to dental hygienists.
Novel processing, testing and characterization of copper/carbon nanotube (Cu/CNT) yarn composite conductor
Authors: Almansour Amjad , Sacksteder Dagny , Goretski Anthony J. , Lizcano Maricela
Published: December 2022

Sustainable electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) is likely to lead to an increase in the electrical wiring contained within a single aircraft. Since the electrical resistance and mass of copper (Cu) conductors are associated with power losses, it is desirable to design high‐conductivity lightweight conductor materials, thus reducing the mass of components like motor windings, low‐voltage signal cables, and transmission cables for data and power to improve the overall energy efficiency. This paper describes a unique framework for manufacturing metalized carbon nanotube (CNT) composite conductors, measuring their electrical conductivity and strength, and modeling the overall conductivity and current sharing within such composites. Tensile testing was conducted on the processed composite conductor cables with the use of acoustic emission and electrical resistivity to determine stress‐dependent‐failure mechanisms while monitoring the electrical conductivity. The average of measured electrical conductivities of annealed Cu/CNT samples from batch 5 was greater than theoretical predictions by 9.8 percent and was also greater than the conductivity of pure annealed Cu by 4.8 percent and had comparable ultimate tensile strengths. Additionally, those Cu/CNT samples provide a 13.5% weight saving over current state of the art copper wires. Theories explaining improved intrinsic conductivity are discussed.
Calcium chloride and chitosan coatings combined with modified atmosphere packaging extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of frozen mango slices
Authors: Saikaew Kawinchaya , Siripornadulsil Wilailak , Siripornadulsil Surasak
Published: December 2022

The combination of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and coating effectively improved the gas environment in packaging trays with low O2 concentrations (1.46–4.24%). This led to a significantly higher quality in terms of delaying the colour change, preserving phytochemical and antioxidant concentrations when mangoes were coated with 0.5% CaCl2 (CA) or CA followed by 0.5% combined solution of CA plus chitosan (CA + Mix) and reducing weight loss with the CA + Mix coating. There were no significant differences in the sensory scores between fresh and frozen–thawed ripe mango regarding overall acceptability, appearance, colour, flavour and texture. These findings suggested that the shelf life of frozen mango could be extended by 6 months with high quality with the combination of MAP and coating with CA + Mix or CA. This approach has the potential to increase the value chain of ripe mango through commercial cost savings.