bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Offer og initiation i vedisk religion
Authors: Sand Erik Reenberg
Published: February 2018

After a short presentation of various scholarly views regarding the affinity between initiation and sacrifice in general, the present paper investigates various parallels on the structural, the formal and the symbolic level between the Vedic student (brahmacari) and the consecrated sacrificer (diksita) of the Vedic soma-sacrifice. Especially it is shown how both the upanayana and the Vedic consecration (diksa) transform the Vedic student and the sacrificer into an embryonical state, which, most evident in the case of the sacrificer, is connected with symbols of death and self sacrifice, and how both initiation and sacrifice are seen as a symbolic rebirth by help of sacred knowledge (brahman). On this basis it is concluded that the Vedic Soma sacrifice, containing elements of death, rebirth and knowledge, thus seems to have much in common with initiation, but neverthelss one should be careful not to draw too hasty general conclusions because of the special nature of the Vedic material.
Religion og politik i den unge danske enevældes selvforståelse
Authors: Stenbæk Jørgen
Published: February 2018

Denne artikels fortolkning af forholdet mellem religion og politik i selverkendelse af det tidlige danske arvelige enevælde er baseret på to typer af tekster, nemlig på den ene side lovtekster og på den anden side tekster fra ceremonier om kongens egen person, primært kroningsceremoni. Man registrerer en lille spænding mellem den lovgivende og den kirkelige forståelse af enevælden, men karakteristisk for begge typer af tekster er, at de specifikt bundet Kongen til lutherske kristendom som defineret af den augustinske bekendelse. Kongen havde ingen myndighed over den lutherske Creed, men det var hans pligt at sørge for, at hans undersåtter forblev tro mod denne Creed.
Gaven og det Andet
Authors: Møller Christine Elisabeth
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article is to stress the relevance of Jacques Derrida to theology and the study of religions. In The Gift of Death he deals with philosophical as well as scientific conceptualizations of ethics in discussion with various authorities in the field - such as Levinas, Kierkegaard, Patocka, Heidegger and Mauss. Derrida’s primary concern is to reject the classical empiral treatment of ethics (as represented by Mauss’ The Gift), according to which the gift becomes the crown example of circularity of love and good deeds. Derrida regards this as a reduction of the ethical complexity to a matter of calculation which is caused by Christianity in its claim for visual certification and knowledge. Instead he pleads for a philosophical concept of ethics as the ultimate gift that breaches with circularity and calculation in the attempt to meet and embrace the Other without prejudice or expectation of gain. Ethics viewed as unlimited responsibility makes it incommensurable with scientific enterprise in general. Derrida’s mission is not to free ethics from religion, but rather to reintroduce a different religious insight into the field of ethics - namely from the viewpoint of faith: openness and fundamental non-knowledge; in other words, Derrida wants to remind us of what it is all about, i.e., that we will never know what it is all about.
Anmeldelser
Authors: Aktor Mikael , Albinus Lars , Jensen Hans J. Lundager , Kühle Lene , Markússon Guðmundur Ingi , Müller Mogens , Nørager Troels , Riis Carsten
Published: February 2018

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Ph.d.-afhandling om Rabbi Nahmans fortællinger
Authors: Schleicher Marianne , Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

Ph.d.-afhandlingen A Theology of Redemption – An Analysis of the Thirteen Tales in Rabbi Nahman of Bratslav’s Sippurey Ma’asiyot er skrevet med det formål dels at bidrage til den løbende diskussion, der foregår inden for judaistikken om udlægningen af Rabbi Nahmans tretten fortællinger, dels at præsentere religionsvidenskaben for en systematisk redegørelse for en af de mest komplekse jødisk-mystiske teologier. Rabbi Nahmans tretten fortællinger, der er kendt under titlen Sippurey Ma’asiyot, blev fortalt mellem 1806 og 1810 i Bratslav, Ukraine.
Islam og demokrati
Authors: Paludan Peter Steensgaard
Published: February 2018

This study - "Islam and Democracy. A Critique of a Central Aspect of Samuel Huntington's Theory about The Clash of Civilizations" - is testing Huntington's argument that a decisive cause of the supposed clash of Western and Muslim culture in the period after the Cold War is the attempt to the West to export democracy and human rights to non-Western countries. Huntington sees the construction of socalled "Asian values" as a genuine expression of authentic "Asian" culture and the negative views in conservative of Islamist circles in the Muslim world of (some of) the international human rights as products of Western culture and therefore not valid in the Muslim world likewise as expressions of Muslim majority culture. The article points out that hte "Asian values" are a political construction that aims at rejecting critique from outside and inside of the violations by certain Muslim human righs schemes, the Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights and the Cairo Declaration, have to be understood as expressions of a conservative or Islamist interpretation of Islam. The quest for an international recognition of them as a genuine Islamic alternataive to the international human rights has the same purpose as the "Asian values". Next, the article examines the results of the World Value Survey in the Islamic workd. A major part of the Muslim populations has been surveyed. The results demonstrate that the average support of democracy - the democratic idea as well as the capability of democratic governance to solve democracy - is as high as it is in the West. The majority of the Muslim populations clearly want democracy in the own states. The main factor behind this openness towards democratic ideas seems to be raising levels of standards of living. Finally, the article points to the fact that the Islamist circles today seem to be somewhat weakened. But they are still the most well-organized political opposition group and therefore able to create problems in Middle East societies where liberalizations are initiated. Some Islamists, however, e.g. in Egypt and in particular in Turkey, have adapted democratic ideas. On this background the author rejects Huntington's idea of a clash between the Islamic and Western world due to basic disagreement on human rights and democracy. Most modern Muslims apparently live with a Muslim piety combined with wishes for democracy in their own countries.
Den Jerusalemitiske tempelkult iflg. Jesaja 1, 10-17
Authors: Gottlieb Hans
Published: February 2018

1,10-17 is the oldest text which provides a more subtle insight into the cult of the Yahweh Temple in Jerusalem.  It is therefore an appropriate source for describing this cult. As an introduction, the sacrificial terminology of th text is analysed, specifically zæbah, ‘ôlâ, minhâ and qetoræt. Concerning qetoræt it is concluded that the word does not denote the smoke of sacrifice, but the incense, which simultaneously symbolizes and veils the presence of the god during the ceremony. The text is thereafter confronted with the modern-day interpretation of the cult. It is demonstrated that a series of aspects, which research has found in the antique conception of the cult, i.e. sacrifice as engendering fellowship, as a gift to the god, as food for the god, are more or less clearly present in the text. The text is supplemented with Mi 6,7, which mentions sacrifice of the first born, sinoffering and human sacrifice. Concerning human sacrifice, the idea that it should not be considered a legitimate part of the official Yahweh Cult during times of distress is rejected. In conclusion, the description of various aspects of the antique conception of sacrifice in the research literature is returned to. It is claimed that the text as a whole can be considered a rejection of the conception of sacrifice as a religious duty. The rejection is due to the fact that Isaiah and his contemporaries were agreed that purity is a prerequisite of correct sacrifice, but were in disagreement as to the nature of purity. Purity for Isaiah is an ethical conception, i.e. to do what is right. Isaiah places emphasis upon the social side of ethics in the text here.
Óðinn - en guddommelig shaman?
Authors: Christensen Torben Hammersholt
Published: February 2018

Denne artikel undersøger om Óðinn kan karakteriseres som en guddommelig shaman og tager udgangspunkt i en analyse af Ynglinga Saga kap. 6-7 med særlig inddragelse af eddadigtene Lokasenna 24 og Hávamál 155 samt Eiríks saga rauða 4. Jens Peter Schjødt har ret i, at Óðinn ikke primært kan karakteriseres som shaman, men analysen viser, at der bestemt findes en ’shamanistisk struktur’ i hans magiske evner. En shamanistisk tolkningsmodel kan dermed kaste lyse over mere dunkle passager i kilderne og underbygge særlige filologiske tolkninger, men kun som et supplement til andre modeller.
Akhenaton, Moses og den moderne monoteismedebat
Authors: Frandsen Paul John
Published: February 2018

Artiklen er en grundlæggende præsentation af Jan Assmanns teori om sammenhængen mellem monoteisme og vold med særlig fokus på spørgsmålet om de religionshistoriske forudsætninger for monoteismens fremkomst. I bidraget drøftes Assmanns påpegning af en forbindelse mellem den ægyptiske religiøse revolution under Akhenaton og den senere jødiske monoteisme. Det fremhæves imidlertid også, hvordan de to adskiller sig fra hinanden. Endelig pointeres, hvordan relationen mellem Atonreligionen og en senere jødisk monoteisme først og fremmest skal ses i lyset af et stykke erindringshistorie, der etablerer forbindelsen mellem de to.
Hallbäck, blodet og solen
Authors: Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

- skitse til et aspekt af den almene vampyrologi
Grænsebegreber
Authors: Madsen Lars
Published: February 2018

Ud fra et sammenlignende perspektiv forsøger jeg i denne artikel at fremdrage en fælles struktur af begreberne ‘das Ganz andere’ i Rudolf Ottos Das Heilige og ‘det uudsigelige’ i Ludwig Wittgensteins Tractatus logico-philosophicus. Jeg hævder, at disse begreber fungerer som grænsebegreber, idet de angiver en sproglig, semantisk grænse. Tesen er, at denne grænse samtidig afspejler et, af Otto og Wittgenstein antaget, grundforhold for mennesket nemlig forholdet mellem en transcendent instans og et subjekt. Der argumenteres for, at det først er i anerkendelsen af denne grænse mellem subjektet og det transcendente som absolut og uoverstigelig, at grænsebegreberne kan forstås i deres fulde omfang.
Bruk eller misbruk
Authors: Andreassen Bengt-Ove
Published: February 2018

I artikkelen drøftes bruken av Ninian Smarts arbeider i en norsk kontekst. Særlig vekt legges på den brede resepsjonen som Smarts dimensjonsmodell har fått i tilnærmingen til religion. Artikkelen viser og drøfter hvordan dimensjonsmodellen har vært brukt for å legitimere et eksistensielt perspektiv på religion i norsk religionsdidaktikk og religionsundervisning, og drøfter hvorvidt dette kan sies å være bruk eller misbruk av Smarts modell.
Greske kvinner, kropp og makt. Feltarbeid på kulter knyttet til kvinnesfæren som utgangspunkt for en dekonstruksjonistisk lesning av mannsideologier nå og før
Authors: Håland Evy Johanne
Published: February 2018

By taking the statements in ancient Greek sources produced by men literally, it has been claimed that ancient women’s religious activities were performed under male dominance, or ‘appropriated’. So was the female body. The article argues that these statements need to be reconsidered. Based on studies in the same ancient sources, combined with results from fieldworks carried out on contemporary Greek religious festivals, a comparison is made with similar ancient festivals through an analysis of the fertility-cult, which is important in the festivals. This is a useful way to try to consider the female part of society, since women are the central performers of the actual cult that plays an important role within the official male value-system. This is the value-system that the festivals and the society, which they refl ect, traditionally have been considered from. The absence of the female value-system leaves previous analyses one-sided and incomplete. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis requires the female point of view to be included. Hence, the article argues for the importance of changing our approach when working with ancient culture. Taking account of the female sphere, which still exists in Greece, provides us with a basis for considering the female part of society. But, by so doing, the offi cial male perspective, which is similar to the Western male perspective generally applied within Greek studies, has to be deconstructed.
Religion, magt og kommunikation
Authors: Albinus Lars
Published: February 2018

Indledningsforelæsningen præsenterer hovedsynspunkterne i doktorafhandlingen Religion, magt og kommunikation. Filosofiske overvejelser over religionens betydning i moderniteten, set i krydsfeltet mellem Foucault og Habermas. Ud fra den tese, at kommunikation ikke lader sig tænke i et magt-tomrum, og at magt ikke (til forskel fra vold) lader sig tænke uden et mindstemål er kommunikativ indforståelse, undersøges religion som et socialt fænomen i moderniteten. Med udgangspunkt i den såkaldte Foucault-Habermas debat foretages en begrebsopbygning af ‘kommunikation’ og ‘magt’, der leder frem til et kritisk krydsfelt, hvor Foucault og Habermas kommer til at udgøre en slags korrektiver til hinanden. I forhold til religionen forsøger jeg imidlertid at udnytte et vist sammenfald i deres syn på æstetisk sensibilitet inden for rammerne af en eftermetafysisk tænkning. Jeg konkluderer, at den kommunikative rationalitet når sin grænse i religiøse og æstetiske tilværelsestolkninger, som man altid må forholde sig til på en ny tids betingelser. På den anden side må en kommunikativ fornuftsappel danne værn imod, at den sensibilitet og indignation, der bl.a. kommer til udtryk i en kritik af magt, ikke selv ender i en eskalation af magt.
Anmeldelser
Authors: Davidsen Markus , Elgvin Torleif , Müller Mogens , Petersen Anders Klostergaard , Sedgwick Mark , Sørensen Jesper , Thomsen Søren Feldtfos , Warburg Margit , Østergaard Jesper
Published: February 2018

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Sekulariseringens betydning
Authors: Iversen Hans Raun
Published: February 2018

I et forsøg på at gøre status over forskningen og debatten om religion og sekularisering fremhæver dette bidrag Charles Taylors forståelse af livet i et sekulariseret samfund som en historisk bestemt situation, hvor mennesker i vesten lever under et konstant krydspres mellem forskellige betydningshorisonter med det resultat, at deres eksistentielle orientering er ambivalent og fluktuerende. Spørgsmålet om religion handler således ikke om et simpelt valg mellem forskellige standpunkter, men om en stadig kamp for eksistentiel orientering stærkt afhængigt af de skiftende sociale, kommunikative og følelsesmæssige sammenhænge, man indgår i. Til daglig lever de fleste danskere, uanset deres individuelle tro, stille og roligt, som om Gud ikke er til. Til andre tider, fx når de stilles over for en dødelig sygdom, kæmper de samme mennesker med at finde vej i deres ambivalente og fluktuerende, eksistentielle orientering. Religionens nye beskaffenhed kalder på genovervejelse af metoderne i studiet af religion i dag.
Begæret, volden og offeret
Authors: Frandsen Finn
Published: February 2018

The French critic and anthropologist René Girard is one of the most original and controversial thinkers of today. This article contains an introduction to his theory of the unanimous victimage as the generative mechanism of all religious and social institutions. The main element in this mechanism is the mimetic desire, i.e. a desire which depends on a mediator and whose dynamics is rooted in a dispute object. Every human society has originally known a state of crisis caused by mimetic rivalry and contagious, reciprocal violence. The function of the victimage mechanism is to stop the crisis, to institute a cultural order based on differences and hierarchy, and to reconcile the members of the community by expelling and sacrificing one single person considered to be the cause of the evil. The purpose of prohibitions, rituals and myths is afterwards to maintain and renew this reconciling “scapegoat effect”. The introduction also includes two shorter chapters on René Girard’s interpretation of the Oedipus myth and his non-sacrificial reading of the evangelic text.
Aksetid, det aksiale, aksialisering. Om Robert Bellah & Hans Joas, eds., The Axial Ages and Its Consequences
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: February 2018

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The collective work The Axial Age and Its Consequences contains contributions by Charles Taylor, Merlin Donald, Shmuel N. Eisenstad, Jan Assmann and others to important discussions before, around and after Robert Bellah's Religion and Human Evolution. The article presents and discusses the indi-vidual contributions.DANSK RESUMÉ: I samleværket The Axial Age and Its Consequences er samlet bidrag af Charles Taylor, Merlin Donald, Shmuel N. Eisenstad, Jan Assmann og flere andre til vigtige debatter forud for, parallelt med og opfølgende på Robert Bellahs Religion and Human Evolution. Artiklen præseterer og diskuterer værkets bidrag.
Kulturelt betinget kognition. En relancering af ideen om en indoeuropæisk ideologi
Authors: Larsen Maria Kallestrup
Published: February 2018

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this article I examine how and (to some extent) why the Indo-European, tri-functional ideology survived in a number of Indo-European cultures despite the fact that these cultures had been separated in terms of time and space a long time ago. Based on theories promulgated by Georges Dumézil, Jan Assmann, Jeppe Sinding Jensen and Michael Tomasello, I reach the conclusion that the tri-functional ideology survived in an interactive relationship between (1) the narratives of Indo-European cultures (in which the tri-functionality made up the narrative structure) and (2) the culturally based cognitive apparatus of the Indo-Europeans. The Indo-European tri-functionality is thus to be understood as a culturally conditioned cognition and as a cognitively conditioned culture. The tri-functional ideology has survived for many millennia because it was orally transmitted and because, in all probability, it had its origin in a central, Indo-European myth.DANSK RESUMÉ: Denne artikel forsøger at sandsynliggøre, hvordan og (i nogen grad) hvorfor den indoeuropæiske, trefunktionelle ideologi overlevede i en række indoeuropæiske kulturer, på trods af at disse kulturer havde fjernet sig meget fra hinanden i både tid og rum. På baggrund af teorier af især Georges Dumézil, Jan Assmann, Jeppe Sinding Jensen og Michael Tomasello, hævder jeg, at den trefunktionelle ideologi har overlevet i et vekselvirkningsforhold mellem (1) indoeuropæiske kulturers fortællinger, hvori trefunktionaliteten har udgjort den narrative struktur, og (2) indoeuropæernes kulturelt baserede kognitive apparat. Den indoeuropæiske trefunktionalitet skal dermed forstås som kulturelt betinget kognition og som kognitivt betinget kultur. Den trefunktionelle ideologi har overlevet i mange tusinde år, fordi den blev overleveret mundtligt og fordi den givetvis har sit udspring i en for indoeuropæerne central myte.
Jehovas Vidner. I grænsefladen af den danske religionsmodel
Authors: Hvithamar Annika
Published: February 2018

Jehovah’s Witnesses have existed as a minority religion in Denmark for more than hundred years. I argue that even Jehovah’s Witnesses are clearly within, although situated in the borderland of the Danish model of religion, they are also located in a borderland position when seen from juridical, theological and sociological points of views. I discuss the borderland position on the basis of a media debate that took place in the summer of 2013, when Jehovah’s Witnesses were accused of racism due to speeches given at the yearly summer conventJehovas Vidner har eksisteret som minoritetsreligion i Danmark i mere end hundrede år. Artiklen argumenterer for, at selv om Jehovas Vidner klart er indenfor, men i grænsefladen af den danske religionsmodel, er Jehovas Vidner stadig i en grænseposition ud fra andre juridiske, teologiske og sociologiske synsvinkler. Denne grænseposition har dog flyttet sig længere og længere ind mod midten i de senere år. Artiklen diskuterer grænsepositionen ud fra en mediedebat i sommeren 2013. Her blev Jehovas Vidner anklaget for racisme som følge af indhold i taler afholdt på det årlige sommerstævne
Stammereligioner: konversion til kristendom og hinduisme i Indien. Illustreret med eksempler fra santal- og bodostammerne i kolonitiden i Indien
Authors: Andersen Peter Birkelund
Published: February 2018

Based on case studies of conversion among the Santals and Bodos in Central India and Assam from 1867 to the 1930s it is argued that the European Christian missionaries to the tribal peoples overstated the importance of baptism and did not fully understand the rationality which the converts addressed their situation through. During the colonial period the converts to Christianity were far more open to mobility between different religious groups and far more elective between local and Christian religious traditions. These facts query the post-colonial resentment of the acts of the Protestant Christian missions during the colonial period as well as the larger approach to the colonial period in the school of ‘post-colonial studies’. In both cases due to the fact that the Indians living during the colonial period are denied the rationality they acted within.

A note has been added post-release in the end of the article on the request of the author.
Asketiske rum i Koranen og tidlig islamisk Muhammadbiografi: Om et overset fænomen i askese-studier
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas
Published: February 2018

Focusing on the Qur’ān and the early biographical literature on Muhammad, I present the thesis that asceticism takes on a special spatial expression in Islam. This is expressed in three types of 'cramped' and ‘fixated’ spatiality: 1) in concrete physical form, 2) in language and literature, and 3) in ritualized embodiment. This thesis I link theoretically to more recent research in spatiality, particularly Edward Soya’s conceptualization of First-, Second-, and Thirdspaces. Finally, I fit this in with the paradoxical and far-reaching argument that these cramped and fixed spatialities, which find expression in introvert and world-eschewing First- & Secondspaces, ultimately give rise to a Thirdspace with highly extrovert and revolutionary potentials. In addition, I introduce briefly to the concept of asceticism and its treatment (and lack thereof) within three subject areas, i.e., research in Late Antiquity, research in the so-called Axial Age, and Islamic/Qur’ānic studies.
Jean-Luc Nancy og kristendommens selvafvikling
Authors: Albinus Lars
Published: February 2018

The aim of this article is, on the one hand, to present Jean-Luc Nancy’s thought about the deconstruction of Christianity and, on the other, to suggest its possible significance for the general study of religion. According to Nancy, who belongs to a line of thinkers spanning from Nietzsche through Heidegger to Derrida, Christianity initiated the loss of meaning (sens) which permeates the contemporary (notion of) the world. Yet, at the same time, Christianity opens an alterity in the midst of the world owing to the pre-Christian roots of Christ as a redeemer of this world. In a wider perspective, Nancy locates the emergence of religion in a first distinction (as between light and shade) from which the order of the world evolves. In modernity, however, this distinction, or ‘the divine’ as such, only greets us in passing, reflecting the relations between all things of the world which thus salute one another in mutual exposition, that is, in their ex-istence.

Hensigten med denne artikel er på den ene side at præsentere Jean-Luc Nancys tanker omkring kristendommens dekonstruktion og på den anden side at antyde hans mulige betydning for en religionsvidenskabelig faghorisont. For Nancy, der specielt står i arv til tænkere som Nietzsche, Heidegger og Derrida, danner kristendommen baggrund for det betydningstab, der kendetegner en moderne (opfattelse af) verden. På samme tid vidner kristendommen imidlertid om den før-kristne Kristus, der som en forløser af denne verden har åbnet en ‘andethed’ midt i den. I et videre perspektiv ser Nancy al religions tilblivelse i en første spaltning (som mellem lys og skygge), hvorfra verden kan fremstå som orden. I moderniteten optræder denne spaltning, eller det guddommelige som sådan, alene som en forbipasserende ‘frelse’ (salut) eller ‘hilsen’ (salut), der reflekterer den måde, hvorpå alt i verden hilser hinanden i gensidig eksponering, dvs., eks-istens.
At vandre i takt: Om paraders og processioners rituelle betydning
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: February 2018

English abstract: The purpose of this essay is to cast light on a previously under-acknowledged phenomenon in the history of religions and the phenomenology of religion. First, I suggest a heuristic typological distinction between parades and processions. Potentially, the differentiation between the two may be linked to a different origin and partly to a different intrinsic relationship to two diverse types of religion. Whereas parades are inherently related to hunter-gatherers’ forms of religion and cosmic and global types of religion, processions, I surmise, are intrinsically related to urban forms of religion. The distinction, however, is of the nature of an idealtype. Secondly, I include a trajectory of scholarship in ritual studies that has not featured largely in the history of scholarship on ritual in either anthropology or the study of religion. I argue that parading and joint processions may give us a clue to the social efficacy of ritual and its biological underpinnings: Doing the drill enhances social bonding. My point is of a basic Durkheimian nature, but I take Durkheim a step further by undergirding his ritual and cultic understanding with a primatological and biological basis.

Dansk resume: I artiklen retter jeg opmærksomheden mod to forhold. For det første foreslår jeg en typologisk skelnen mellem parade og procession og argumenterer for, at de har baggrund i to forskellige religionstyper. Mens processionen hidrører fra by- eller arkaisk religion og forudsætter templet og offerinstitutionen som religionens omdrejningspunkt, er paraden knyttet til jæger-samler-religion, men får en renæssance i kosmos- og globalreligion. For det andet inddrager jeg en forskningstradition inden for ritualstudier, som underligt nok ikke har spillet nogen fremtrædende rolle i den antropologiske og religionsvidenskabelige ritualforskning, men til gengæld er betydningsfuld i den sociologiske litteratur. I tæt sammenhæng med mine aktuelle forskningsinteresser argumenterer jeg for, at der i denne tradition ikke alene ligger et betydeligt potentiale for at forstå ritualers socialt positive (og lejlighedsvis negative) betydning, men også deres basalbiologiske grundlag. På sin vis forsøger jeg i artiklen at underbygge den durkheimske grundopfattelse af kultur, samfund og religion med et biologisk primatologisk fundament. Heri ligger ingen kritik af Durkheim; men derimod en udvidelse og underbygning.
Forside og kolofon
Authors: Lundager Jensen Hans J.
Published: February 2018

Forside og kolofon
Religion som fenomen og historie - til fornyelse og reinterpretasjon
Authors: Breivik Nils Olav
Published: February 2018

The classical phenomenology of religion has been severely criticized in the current methodological debate in religions studies. Among historians of religion there is, in spite of the deficiencies of earlier conceptions, a clear recognition of the necessity of a phenomenological approach. This essay seeks to present some recent attempts at reinterpretation and renewal of the phenomenology of religion. Among scholars discussed are Å. Hultkranz, J. Waardenburg, K. Rudolph, A. Rupp and R. Flasche. T here main tendencies may be pointed out in their studies: a) an attempt to overcome the conflict between history and phenomenology by regarding both as complementary approaches within a more integrated study of religion, b) A more conscious focus on religious man (the believer) to avoid the predetermined concept of religion. C) Renunciation of a worldwide phenomenology of religion in favour of a more regional one in order to secure the empirical basis for its conclusion.
Impact des paysages éoliens sur l’expérience touristique
Authors: FORTIN Marie-José , DORMAELS Mathieu , HANDFIELD Mario
Published: February 2018

Depuis quelques années, les États cherchent à diversifier leurs sources d’énergie par le développement de nouvelles formes de production de masse, afin de limiter l’exploitation des usines thermiques au charbon, au pétrole ou nucléaires. Cette tendance a mis de l’avant de nouvelles technologies, comme celle de l’éolien, qui ont des répercussions notables sur les territoires et les paysages. Ces développements soulèvent notamment des questions en termes de durabilité et d’influence sur les activités existantes comme le tourisme. En effet, la beauté des paysages et des panoramas compte parmi les principales ressources – sinon la principale dans bien des cas – sur lesquelles est construite l’attractivité touristique d’une région. La question se pose donc toujours de savoir si l’implantation de turbines de grande taille ne modifiera pas le paysage à tel point que cette attractivité et, par extension, l’économie touristique s’en trouveraient affectées. Les études sur les impacts du développement éolien ont fait l’objet de nombreuses publications ces dernières années, mais celles sur leurs conséquences sur le tourisme se font plus rares. Celles recensées suggèrent qu’il n’y a pas nécessairement d’incompatibilité entre ces deux secteurs, quoiqu’elles mettent en évidence un impact mineur de ces infrastructures sur les perceptions des touristes. L’objectif de la présente recherche était de mesurer, par une étude quantitative, l’impact des éoliennes sur la représentation que des touristes se font de la Gaspésie et de ses paysages, pour ainsi saisir si l’attractivité de cette région s’en trouve modifiée. Le cadre d’analyse repose sur trois concepts principaux que sont le « paysage », en tant que ressource pour le tourisme, et « l’horizon d’attente » qui, conjointement avec le « champ d’expérience », permettent l’intégration des pratiques touristiques dans un ensemble plus large socialement et temporellement. Bien que les résultats d’enquête fassent ressortir des nuances quant à l’influence de l’emplacement des éoliennes, cette recherche confirme que leur présence a en réalité peu d’impact sur l’expérience touristique et sur le désir de fréquentation future.
Constructivismes en études ethniques au Québec
Authors: Genest Sylvie
Published: February 2018

Dans le domaine de la recherche sur l’ethnicité, la notoriété de Fredrik Barth n’est plus à faire. La reconnaissance qu’on lui témoigne à travers le monde depuis une cinquantaine d’années paraît inaltérable. Elle ne porte toutefois que sur quelques aspects très ciblés de son travail qui s’est finalement cristallisé autour de la notion de frontières (1969). Il est probable qu’une perspective aussi étroite ait contribué non seulement à une réduction de la pensée de Barth, mais aussi à la perte d’une certaine densité de la pensée constructiviste dans l’étude de l’ethnicité. Ma proposition consiste à montrer que la métaphore des frontières est un outil puissant indispensable à la modélisation des systèmes ouverts. Cette démonstration me permet deux choses : d’abord, de fournir quelques arguments à l’appui de mon hypothèse de l’engagement de Barth dans un constructivisme respectueux de tous les préceptes de la démarche systémique ; et de convaincre ensuite le lecteur de l’importance pour les études ethniques de fonder sur de meilleures assises la construction des connaissances qu’elles diffusent au sujet des différences humaines. La démarche dans son ensemble peut être considérée comme un plaidoyer pour une meilleure épistémologie des études ethniques, notamment dans le riche contexte des études ethniques à Montréal et au Québec.
Analysis of Policy Making Factors on The Prohibition of Hormones and Antibiotics Use for Feed as a Public Health Protection
Authors: Amalia Zaima , Adisasmito Wiku
Published: February 2018

Food safety is one of the current international emerging issues. The danger of using antibiotics in animal husbandry is one of the contributors to human resistance. In Indonesia, antibiotics are commonly used as growth promoters in animal husbandry. Prohibition on the use of hormones and antibiotics mixed into animal feed written in Law No. 18 of 2009 on Animal Husbandry and Health which is then clarified by the Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 14/Permentan/PK.350/5/2017 on the Classification of Animal Drugs. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors which influence the formation of policy on the prohibition of hormone and antibiotic use as feed additives, especially health, legal, political and economic factors. This research uses descriptive study by qualitative approach. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and literature studies. The result shows that legal factors have a stronger influence than health, economic and political factors. The study recommends that the government should develop monitoring programs, conduct surveillance in feed and breeder entrepreneurs, establish good coordination with local governments, conduct further residue studies on animal source food, and further review the economic impact of the policy. Breeders also need to improve the cleanliness of the cage and try natural feed. While feed entrepreneurs need to find a replacement of antibiotic/hormone mixed feed safely.
Aktor Politik dan Gagalnya Transisi Demokrasi Mesir Tahun 2011-2013
Authors: Mushlih Amri , Hurriyah Hurriyah
Published: February 2018

Studi ini membahas bagaimana peran aktor-aktor politik Mesir pada masa transisi yang menyebabkan kegagalan transisi demokrasi. Aktor-aktor tersebut diantaranya: 1) militer (SCAF (Supreme Council of Armed Forces)) yang mengambil alih kekuasaan sementara pada masa transisi; 2) kelompok Islam yang didalamnya termasuk Ikhwanul Muslimin dan kelompok Salafi; 3) elite rezim lama (status quo) yang merupakan elite sisa rezim Mubarak baik yang masih berada dalam struktur politik maupun yang telah tersingkir; dan 4) kelompok sekuler yang merupakan para elite dan aktivis masyarakat sipil yang muncul sejak revolusi anti-Mubarak. Interaksi aktor-aktor ini dianalisis dengan kerangka konsep transisi demokrasi dan teori elite dalam transisi yang dikemukakan oleh Higley dan Burton. Dari analisis tersebut, studi ini menemukan bahwa terjadi kegagalan elite settlement antara aktor-aktor politik Mesir akibat perbedaan ideologi dan gagalnya pengelolaan koalisi antara kelompok Islam dan kelompok sekuler. Selain itu, studi ini juga menemukan bahwa tidak terjadinya elite convergence karena para aktor memiliki komitmen yang rendah terhadap demokrasi sebagai satu-satunya aturan main. Kedua hal tersebut menyebabkan instabilitas politik yang berujung pada kudeta militer yang menandai gagalnya transisi demokrasi Mesir.
Pengaruh Institusi Regional Terhadap Konvergensi Kebijakan Antarnegara: Studi Kasus ASEAN Open Skies
Authors: Azalia Dea Malinda
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh institusi regional terhadap konvergensi kebijakan antar negara melalui kesepakatan ASEAN Open Skies, khususnya di Indonesia, Filipina, dan Singapura. Untuk dapat menjelaskan hal tersebut, penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan konsep institusi regional intergovernmentalist-supranationalist dan causal-mechanism yang dapat menyebabkan konvergensi kebijakan antarnegara. Penulis berargumen bahwa karakteristik regionalisme ASEAN sebagai institusi yang intergovernmentalist berpengaruh terhadap pengambilan keputusan dan pengimplementasian ASEAN Open Skies di tingkat regional serta memengaruhi pengadopsian kebijakan di lingkup domestik. Adanya proses international harmonization dan transnational communication (transnational problem solving) dalam penyusunan kerangka kesepakatan kerjasama jasa angkutan udara di ASEAN telah mengakibatkan kebijakan domestik di Indonesia, Filipina, dan Singapura menjadi semakin selaras (konvergen).
Salient experiences are represented by unique transcriptional signatures in the mouse brain
Authors: Mukherjee Diptendu , Ignatowska-Jankowska Bogna Marta , Itskovits Eyal , Gonzales Ben Jerry , Turm Hagit , Izakson Liz , Haritan Doron , Bleistein Noa , Cohen Chen , Amit Ido , Shay Tal , Grueter Brad , Zaslaver Alon , Citri Ami
Published: February 2018

It is well established that inducible transcription is essential for the consolidation of salient experiences into long-term memory. However, whether inducible transcription relays information about the identity and affective attributes of the experience being encoded, has not been explored. To this end, we analyzed transcription induced by a variety of rewarding and aversive experiences, across multiple brain regions. Our results describe the existence of robust transcriptional signatures uniquely representing distinct experiences, enabling near-perfect decoding of recent experiences. Furthermore, experiences with shared attributes display commonalities in their transcriptional signatures, exemplified in the representation of valence, habituation and reinforcement. This study introduces the concept of a neural transcriptional code, which represents the encoding of experiences in the mouse brain. This code is comprised of distinct transcriptional signatures that correlate to attributes of the experiences that are being committed to long-term memory.
Role of the visual experience-dependent nascent proteome in neuronal plasticity
Authors: Liu Han-Hsuan , McClatchy Daniel B , Schiapparelli Lucio , Shen Wanhua , Yates John R , Cline Hollis T
Published: February 2018

Experience-dependent synaptic plasticity refines brain circuits during development. To identify novel protein synthesis-dependent mechanisms contributing to experience-dependent plasticity, we conducted a quantitative proteomic screen of the nascent proteome in response to visual experience in Xenopus optic tectum using bio-orthogonal metabolic labeling (BONCAT). We identified 83 differentially synthesized candidate plasticity proteins (CPPs). The CPPs form strongly interconnected networks and are annotated to a variety of biological functions, including RNA splicing, protein translation, and chromatin remodeling. Functional analysis of select CPPs revealed the requirement for eukaryotic initiation factor three subunit A (eIF3A), fused in sarcoma (FUS), and ribosomal protein s17 (RPS17) in experience-dependent structural plasticity in tectal neurons and behavioral plasticity in tadpoles. These results demonstrate that the nascent proteome is dynamic in response to visual experience and that de novo synthesis of machinery that regulates RNA splicing and protein translation is required for experience-dependent plasticity.
Utilização do ENADE (Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes) como ferramenta de avaliação do desempenho de alunos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior paulistana
Authors: Cesso Marcus Vinicius , Ferraz Renato Ribeiro Nogueira
Published: February 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar a importância da aplicação do Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes – ENADE como ferramenta para avaliação do desempenho discente no curso de graduação em Administração de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior - IES, contribuindo para a gestão e melhoria dos resultados de ensino. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa documental em que foram analisados os últimos relatórios disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira - INEP como forma de evolução do desempenho discente seguindo os critérios do ENADE em uma IES da cidade de Guarulhos. Por meio do acesso público aos Relatórios do ENADE, a IES pôde promover suas intervenções em cinco critérios estabelecidos, que permitissem verificar a adesão do corpo discente no dia do exame, a média das notas obtidas no ENADE, a percepção da prova, o perfil socioeconômico dos alunos e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Consultoria empresarial: uma opção de carreira para o secretário executivo?
Authors: Amorim Soares de Alcantara Sonia Regina , Ribeiro Pereira Washington Carlos
Published: February 2018

A consultoria e o perfil do Secretário Executivo (SE) estão sendo estudados pela literatura acadêmica recente, analisando a oportunidade deste profissional atuar como consultor. Essa pesquisa busca verificar se o SE considera a consultoria empresarial uma opção de carreira. Os objetivos específicos são: a) levantar a percepção dos professores, estudantes e egressos do curso de Secretariado Executivo da UFC acerca da consultoria como opção de carreira; b) identificar se há o interesse dos estudantes e egressos deste curso na carreira de consultor; c) analisar a formação necessária para um consultor e comparar com a formação oferecida ao SE. Para isso, discute-se o mercado de consultoria, o perfil do consultor e do SE e suas competências. Este trabalho é uma pesquisa de campo, qualitativa e descritiva, com dados coletados através de questionário, utilizando a análise de conteúdo para a interpretação dos dados. Constatou-se que a maioria dos sujeitos considera que o SE está apto a seguir carreira em consultoria, especialmente em desenvolvimento organizacional, gestão de pessoas, processos e estratégia, entretanto o interesse dos estudantes e egressos nessa carreira ainda é mínimo. Infere-se que este achado decorre do reduzido estímulo oferecido e o contato incipiente com consultoria durante a graduação. O perfil do SE se aproxima ao do consultor pelas competências que mais são desenvolvidas naquele durante a graduação. Conclui-se que a consultoria é uma área promissora para o SE, porém é necessária formação complementar.
Processo Sucessório: Estudo de Caso Em Uma Organização Familiar de Pequeno Porte do Ramo Imobiliário Conduzida Por Mulheres
Authors: Santos Andreia Pandolfi dos , Oliveira Chaiene , Sehnem Simone , Brognoli Jorge
Published: February 2018

Este artigo uniu dois temas de importância significativa – sucessão familiar e gênero –em uma única pesquisa, visando trazer uma contribuição tanto prática quanto acadêmica. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar o processo sucessório de uma empresa familiar no ramo imobiliário, conduzida por mulheres. Para alcançar este objetivo são analisadas as principais etapas que compuseram o processo sucessório dessa organização, via estudo de caso único. Os dados coletados são qualitativos, obtidos por intermédio de entrevistas em profundidade, e são analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo e análise de narrativa. Constatou-se que o processo de sucessão familiar não foi planejado e o quesito de gênero não foi considerado na escolha da sucessora. A relação família e propriedade sempre foi muito bem dividida entre os sócios majoritários da organização estudada. Entre as principais lacunas de pesquisa sugere-se a ampliação desse estudo e novas pesquisas correlacionadas com o tema sucessão familiar conduzida por mulheres
A geração y no secretariado: análise sobre a carreira e suas âncoras.
Authors: Sabino Rosimeri Ferraz , Rocha Fabio Gomes , Pereira Souza Eduardo César
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os aspectos que se impõem como desafios e oportunidades para o grupo profissional dos secretários componentes da geração Y, avaliando-os diante das âncoras de carreira de Schein (1996), e verificando as possibilidades de integração das expectativas e motivações dessa geração no respectivo campo de atuação. A relevância do foco sobre o grupo investigado é identificada na constatação de que o secretariado integra as atividades de dirigentes, constituindo uma força mediadora para os trabalhos dos executivos, implicando, assim, na gestão das organizações. O embasamento teórico relaciona-se às colocações de Mintzberg (2003), Pinto (2000) e Erickson, Danis, Helander e Kellog (2008). A partir das oito categorias de sustentação de uma carreira, envolvendo autonomia, segurança, competências técnicas-funcionais e gerenciais, criatividade, serviço a uma causa, desafios e estilo de vida, investigou-se 160 secretários, na faixa etária da geração Y. Os resultados apontam que a multiplicidade de tarefas do posto de secretário é entendida como um desafio motivador, enquanto que carências sobre competências técnicas e o fato do posto se encontrar no topo da carreira podem representar obstáculos em relação aos anseios dessa geração.
Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Flow in Nanoporous Organic Matter With Application to Coal and Gas Shale Systems
Authors: Song Wenhui , Yao Jun , Ma Jingsheng , Sun Hai , Li Yang , Yang Yongfei , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2018

Fluid flow in nanoscale organic pores is known to be affected by fluid transport mechanisms and properties within confined pore space. The flow of gas and water shows notably different characteristics compared with conventional continuum modeling approach. A pore network flow model is developed and implemented in this work. A 3‐D organic pore network model is constructed from 3‐D image that is reconstructed from 2‐D shale SEM image of organic‐rich sample. The 3‐D pore network model is assumed to be gas‐wet and to contain initially gas‐filled pores only, and the flow model is concerned with drainage process. Gas flow considers a full range of gas transport mechanisms, including viscous flow, Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, ad/desorption, and gas PVT and viscosity using a modified van der Waals' EoS and a correlation for natural gas, respectively. The influences of slip length, contact angle, and gas adsorption layer on water flow are considered. Surface tension considers the pore size and temperature effects. Invasion percolation is applied to calculate gas‐water relative permeability. The results indicate that the influences of pore pressure and temperature on water phase relative permeabilities are negligible while gas phase relative permeabilities are relatively larger in higher temperatures and lower pore pressures. Gas phase relative permeability increases while water phase relative permeability decreases with the shrinkage of pore size. This can be attributed to the fact that gas adsorption layer decreases the effective flow area of the water phase and surface diffusion capacity for adsorbed gas is enhanced in small pore size.
Denitrification Temperature Dependence in Remote, Cold, and N‐Poor Lake Sediments
Authors: Palacin‐Lizarbe Carlos , Camarero Lluís , Catalan Jordi
Published: February 2018

The reservoir size and pathway rates of the nitrogen (N) cycle have been deeply modified by the human enhancement of N fixation, atmospheric emissions, and climate warming. Denitrification (DEN) transforms nitrate into nitrogenous gas and thus removes reactive nitrogen (Nr) back to the atmospheric reservoir. There is still a rather limited knowledge of the denitrification rates and their temperature dependence across ecosystems; particularly, for the abundant cold and N‐poor freshwater systems (e.g., Arctic and mountain lakes). We experimentally investigated the denitrification rates of mountain lake sediments by manipulating nitrate concentration and temperature on field collected cores. DEN rates were nitrate limited in field conditions and showed a large potential for an immediate DEN increase with both warming and higher Nr load. The estimated activation energy (Ea) for denitrification at nitrate saturation was 46 ± 7 kJ mol−1 (Q10 1.7 ± 0.4). The apparent Ea increased with nitrate (μM) limitation as Ea = 46 + 419 [
]−1. Accordingly, we suggest that climate warming may have a synergistic effect with N emission reduction to readjusting the N cycle. Changes of nitrate availability might be more relevant than direct temperature effects on denitrification.