bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Intramyocardial Electrocardiograms with Polarographic Oxygen and Contractility in the Nonischemic and Regionally Ischemic Left Ventricle
Authors: SAYEN JOHN J. , PEIRCE GEORGE , KATCHER AARON H. , SHELDON WARNER F.
Published: June 2012

A new technique for simultaneous amplification and recording of intramyocardial oxygen-reduction currents and electroeardio-graphic voltages from the tips of platinum oxygen electrodes was combined with cinematographic muscle contraction records from exposed dog hearts. The picture of localized ischemia produced by occlusion of medium-sized coronary arterial branches was compared, under stable systemic circulatory conditions, with the changes of myocardial oxygenation, electrical activity, and contractility, separately or together. Myoeardial electro-cardiographic abnormality appeared as early as disturbances of local oxygen and contraction at the centers of ischemic areas; at the borders, only the myocardial electrocardiogram was unequivocally abnormal. The epicardial electrocardiogram could be normal despite severe, acute disturbance of electrical activity in the underlying myocardium, and was not useful for the study of small isehemic areas, the onset of ischemia, or the borders of any isehemic area. No single index of myocardial function was dependable for following the course and estimating the extent of regional ischemic dysfunction, or for distinguishing it from traumatic or nonisehemic myocardial disturbances. The most complete description of the sequence of ischemic events was derived from the analysis of changes in local myocardial electrical activity. For this, however, it was necessary to interpret and compare direct heart-body electrocardiograms from myocardial and epicardial sites inside and outside an ischemic area, with attention to simultaneous records of myocardial oxygen and local contraction. Such a combination of indices is considered essential for adequate description and differentiation of any localized myocardial change in a working, blood-perfused heart.
Electrical Impedance of Cardiac Muscle
Authors: SPERELAKIS NICK , HOSHIKO T.
Published: June 2012

Impedances of cat cardiac muscle and frog sartorius muscle were compared at several frequencies before and after interspace ion depletion. Strips of parallel fibers were obtained from papillary muscles and ventricular trabeculae. The impedances were measured in the direction of fiber orientation. Interspace ion concentrations were reduced by soaking the tissues in isotonic sucrose solution. The D.C. specific resistance of cardiac muscle compared to skeletal muscle was previously reported to be two times as large in Binger's and over five times as large in 0.1 Ringer "s-suerose solution. In the present study, the relative impedances of cardiac muscle at 10.000 c.p.s. compared to that at 10 c.p.s. were 75 and 48 per cent in Ringer's and sucrose solutions, respectively. The impedance of skeletal muscle was independent of frequency in Ringer's and in sucrose solutions. These results suggest the presence of transverse membranes (perhaps the intercalated discs) of high resistance and high capacitance.
Action of Ryanodine on Mammalian Cardiac Muscle
Authors: SANO TOYOMI , TSUCHIHASHI HIROMICHI , SHIMAMOTO TAKIO
Published: June 2012

In our previous study, three types of intra-cellular potentials were found in a small area in the region adjacent to the postero-inferior margin of the membranous portion of the interventricular septum of the isolated dog heart. From the electrophysiologieal behavior of these cells, it was presumed that the cells of the third type were the point of block for retrograde conduction in cases of unidirectional A-V conduction, and that those of the first type lay upstream from the point of retrograde conduction block, whereas those of the second type lay- downstream beyond the blocking point. In this study, histological examination was used to find the origins of these three types of potentials. When a potential of one or another type was found the mieroelectrode tip was gently cut off and later localized histologically. It was found that all three types of potential originated from the ventricular portion of the specialized museilar tissue, that the origin of the third type was just above or at the bifurcation of the bundle of His, and that the origin of the first type was distal while that of the second type was proximal to the origin of the third type. Thus, the deduction from the electrophysiological behavior was proved by the histological examination. This gave further evidence for our belief that there is a sensitive point for retrograde conduction block in unidirectional A-V conduction just above the bifurcation of the bundle of His.
Action of Ryanodine on Mammalian Cardiac Muscle
Authors: AMORIM DALMO DES. , MARSHALL HIRAM W. , DONALD DAVID E. , WOOD EARL H.
Published: June 2012

Systemic and pulmonary blood flows and pressures were determined in anesthetized closed-chest dogs with chronic atrial septal defects and in dogs with intact cardiac septa. In the former animals, graded obstruction of the main pulmonary artery associated with right ventricular systolic pressures of more than 80 mm. Hg was produced without evidence of failure of the right side of the heart. A considerable decrease in the magnitude of the left-to-right shunts and an increase in the size of the right-to-left shunts occurred; these changes were associated with only minor changes in filling pressure of the right ventricle, and systematic changes in systemic arterial pressure did not appear. Analysis of right atrial pressure pulses suggested the development of an increased force of contraction of the right atrium and no evidence of tricuspid regurgitation under these circumstances.

In contrast, partial obstruction of the main pulmonary artery in the dogs with intact cardiac septa, so as to increase the right ventricular systolic pressure to more than 60 mm. ITg, was associated with pronounced increases in mean right atrial pressure and striking decreases in cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure. The pressure recordings from the right atrium and indicator-dilution curves demonstrated the development of significant tricuspid regurgitation.

The deterioration of right ventricular function in dogs with intact cardiac septa appears to be related to overdistention of the right ventricle and possibly also to a disproportionate reduction in coronary blood flow to the myocardium caused by a decrease in systemic arterial pressure and the concomitant increase in resistance to coronary venous drainage from the right side of the heart due to the increased right atrial and right ventricular pressures.

It is concluded that under the conditions of these studies, an atrial septal defect provides a considerable increase in resistance to the heinodynamic effects associated with right ventricular hypertension caused by acute partial obstruction of the main pulmonary artery. The possible duration of this beneficial effect beyond the 33 to 160 minutes of observation in these studies has not been explored.
Effect of Unilateral Pulmonary Artery Obstruction on Circulatory Dynamics in Dogs with Chronic Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: MCGIFF JOHN C. , AVIADO DOMIKGO M.
Published: June 2012

Simultaneous and continuous recording of venous flow (rotameter) of a femoral and renal bed of the dog revealed dissimilar responses in these regions. Bilateral common carotid occlusion and hypoxia (5 per cent oxygen) cause a greater increase in femoral resistance than in renal resistance. Conversely, levarterenol and angiotensin produce a greater increase in renal than in femoral resistance. Bleeding is associated with resistance changes in opposite directions, the renal bed's resistance increasing, the femoral bed's decreasing. Aortic constriction causes a reduction in the resistance of each bed; the femoral bed's resistance is reduced significantly more than the renal vascular resistance. These results suggest that the femoral bed is more reactive than the renal following baro-receptor- or chemoreceptor-induced changes. In contrast, the renal bed is more susceptible to hormonal stimuli. To those stimuli reducing perfusion pressure, renal blood flow is more likely to be compromised.
Myocardial Extraction and Production of Catechol Amines
Authors: SIEGEL JOHN H. , GILMORE JOSEPH P. , SARNOFF STANLEY J.
Published: June 2012

Stimulation of the cardiac sympathetic efferent nerves is accompanied by a release of catechol amines in coronary blood. This release is a function of stimulation intensity and occurs even when stroke volume and coronary outflow are maintained constant. Comparison between the ethylenediamine and the trihydroxyindole methods for the analysis of plasma catechol amines shows both quantitative and qualitative differences, with only the results with the latter method showing a consistent relationship to the hemodynamic changes observed during cardiac sympathetic stimulation. The acutely synipatheetomized heart extracts catechol amines from coronary blood in the absence of nervous stimulation. The patterns of extraction observed indicate that the quantity of catechol amines in the myocardium can modify the extent of extraction in the unstimulated state as well as the extent of release during stimulation. Continued stimulation of the cardiac sympathetics is accompanied by at least a partial depletion of the myoeardial catechol amine stores. These stores appear to be repleted by circulating catechol amines, since the response to any given intensity of stimulation can be potentiated by a prior norepinephrine infusion. Dichloroisoproterenol prevents neither the myocardial extraction of catechol amines in the unstimulated state nor the release of catechol amines during sympathetic stimulation; it does lessen or abolish the cardiody-namic effects of sympathetic stimulation. Data are presented which indicate that a direct coronary vasoconstriction is one of the consequences of cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation, the vasodilatation usually observed being due, at least in part, to overriding metabolic factors.
Air–Sea Transport, Dispersion, and Fate Modeling in the Vicinity of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant: A Special Conference Session Summary
Authors: Pullen Julie , Chang Joseph , Hanna Steven
Published: June 2012

The March 2011 tragedy at the coastal Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant created a contaminant release that was transported and dispersed in both the air and the sea. Two months after the event, the authors began planning for a special July 2011 conference session (“Fukushima crisis: Air and sea transport modeling” at the 15th Annual Conference on Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling; see http://camp.cos.gmu.edu/Agenda-fifteenth-GMU-Conference.pdf) to draw together experts who were directly involved in the scientific modeling and decision making. The focus was on presentations describing the releases to the atmosphere and ocean, how the models performed, and how predictive modeling can effectively inform crisis decision making. This paper provides an overview of the short-range (within and near Japan) modeling conducted for the crisis and identifies some key steps that might improve the modeling response to incidents occurring in a complex coastal zone. Those steps include operational protocols to deal with source-term uncertainty, scientific approaches to addressing the linkage of air–sea source terms and their subsequent transformations, and improvements in coupled air–sea models for better prediction in coastal regions. The conference included anecdotes from those deployed in Japan and tasked to deliver and interpret plume model products. The conference presentations provide insights that could benefit emergency preparedness, response, and recovery for a similar disaster in the future. There is a need for a well-rehearsed approach to sharing plume model information among agencies and among international partners, and for scientific expertise to help interpret the operational relevance of models lacking source-term certitude.
Toward Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Care for Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Morton Randall P.
Published: June 2012

This article discusses how quality‐of‐life assessment in patients with head and neck cancer might be weighed against survival and how such assessment might be applied in clinical practice. While survival is understandably considered to be the outcome of primary interest, there are several clinical scenarios in which quality of life can be considered as a primary outcome. Quality‐adjusted survival is also an important consideration and needs to be incorporated into the results of treatment. However, quality‐of‐life assessment has hitherto been virtually only a research tool and not been incorporated into clinical practice. Nowadays, speech pathologists and dietitians are integral to the multidisciplinary team that treats patients with head and neck cancer. The main point of this article is to provide a rationale for the proposition that the health psychologist—who is best able to understand and manage the psychosocial issues—should also be included as one of the team.
Failure mode and effects analysis outputs: are they valid?
Authors: Shebl Nada Atef , Franklin Bryony Dean , Barber Nick
Published: June 2012

Background

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a prospective risk assessment tool that has been widely used within the aerospace and automotive industries and has been utilised within healthcare since the early 1990s. The aim of this study was to explore the validity of FMEA outputs within a hospital setting in the United Kingdom.

Methods

Two multidisciplinary teams each conducted an FMEA for the use of vancomycin and gentamicin. Four different validity tests were conducted:

· Face validity: by comparing the FMEA participants’ mapped processes with observational work.

· Content validity: by presenting the FMEA findings to other healthcare professionals.

· Criterion validity: by comparing the FMEA findings with data reported on the trust’s incident report database.

· Construct validity: by exploring the relevant mathematical theories involved in calculating the FMEA risk priority number.

Results

Face validity was positive as the researcher documented the same processes of care as mapped by the FMEA participants. However, other healthcare professionals identified potential failures missed by the FMEA teams. Furthermore, the FMEA groups failed to include failures related to omitted doses; yet these were the failures most commonly reported in the trust’s incident database. Calculating the RPN by multiplying severity, probability and detectability scores was deemed invalid because it is based on calculations that breach the mathematical properties of the scales used.

Conclusion

There are significant methodological challenges in validating FMEA. It is a useful tool to aid multidisciplinary groups in mapping and understanding a process of care; however, the results of our study cast doubt on its validity. FMEA teams are likely to need different sources of information, besides their personal experience and knowledge, to identify potential failures. As for FMEA’s methodology for scoring failures, there were discrepancies between the teams’ estimates and similar incidents reported on the trust’s incident database. Furthermore, the concept of multiplying ordinal scales to prioritise failures is mathematically flawed. Until FMEA’s validity is further explored, healthcare organisations should not solely depend on their FMEA results to prioritise patient safety issues.
Bovine trophoblastic cell differentiation and binucleation involves enhanced endogenous retrovirus element expression
Authors: Koshi Katsuo , Suzuki Yasunori , Nakaya Yuki , Imai Kei , Hosoe Misa , Takahashi Toru , Kizaki Keiichiro , Miyazawa Takayuki , Hashizume Kazuyoshi
Published: June 2012

Background

Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope (env) genes are involved in the differentiation of trophoblastic cells in humans and mice. However, there is limited information about their roles in ruminant trophoblastic cells. Thus, we attempted to explore the possible roles of ERV elements in the binucleation of bovine trophoblastic cells using in vitro bovine trophoblastic (BT) cell lines.

Methods

In this study, blastocysts and elongated embryos were obtained from Japanese Black cows, and endometrial and fetal membrane tissues were collected from day 17 to 37 of gestation. The gene expression levels of four ERV elements, bERVE (bovine endogenous retrovirus envelope element-like transcript) -A, bERVE–B, BERV (bovine endogenous retrovirus) -K1 env, and BERV-K2 env, were analyzed in the fetal and endometrial tissue and cultured BT cell lines using quantitative RT-PCR. On-Matrigel gel and on-collagen gel culturing were used to induce binucleate cell (BNC) formation in the BT cell lines. How the culture conditions affected the expression of BNC-specific genes and ERV elements was examined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.

Results

bERVE-A, bERVE–B, BERV-K1 env, and BERV-K2 env were expressed in almost all BT cell lines; however, only bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env were detected in trophoblastic tissues during the peri-implantation period. In the on-Matrigel cultures, the expression levels of BNC-specific genes and molecules were enhanced in the BT cells. The expression levels of bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env were also increased in the BT cells during on-Matrigel culturing. The BT cell expression levels of these ERV elements were consistent with those of BNC-specific genes during on-Matrigel culturing (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

These results suggest that bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env are involved in the expression of BNC-specific genes and the progression of bovine trophoblastic cell binucleation, as their expression levels increased during periods of increased BNC-specific molecule expression, which is strongly suggestive of the development of BNC from mononucleate trophoblastic cells. The on-Matrigel culture system is a convenient in vitro tool for studying bovine trophoblastic cell lineages.
PEGylation, increasing specific activity and multiple dosing as strategies to improve the risk-benefit profile of targeted radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTA-bombesin analogues
Authors: Däpp Simone , Müller Cristina , Garayoa Elisa García , Bläuenstein Peter , Maes Veronique , Brans Luc , Tourwé Dirk A , Schibli Roger
Published: June 2012

Background

Radiolabelled bombesin (BN) conjugates are promising radiotracers for imaging and therapy of breast and prostate tumours, in which BN2/gastrin-releasing peptide receptors are overexpressed. We describe the influence of the specific activity of a 177Lu-DOTA-PEG5k-Lys-B analogue on its therapeutic efficacy and compare it with its non-PEGylated counterpart.

Methods

Derivatisation of a stabilised DOTA-BN(7–14)[Cha13,Nle14] analogue with a linear PEG molecule of 5 kDa (PEG5k) was performed by PEGylation of the ϵ-amino group of a β3hLys-βAla-βAla spacer between the BN sequence and the DOTA chelator. The non-PEGylated and the PEGylated analogues were radiolabelled with 177Lu. In vitro evaluation was performed in human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells, and in vivo studies were carried out in nude mice bearing PC-3 tumour xenografts. Different specific activities of the PEGylated BN analogue and various dose regimens were evaluated concerning their therapeutic efficacy.

Results

The specificity and the binding affinity of the BN analogue for BN2/GRP receptors were only slightly reduced by PEGylation. In vitro binding kinetics of the PEGylated analogue was slower since steady-state condition was reached after 4 h. PEGylation improved the stability of BN conjugate in vitro in human plasma by a factor of 5.6. The non-PEGylated BN analogue showed favourable pharmacokinetics already, i.e. fast blood clearance and renal excretion, but PEGylation improved the in vivo behaviour further. One hour after injection, the tumour uptake of the PEG5k-BN derivative was higher compared with that of the non-PEGylated analogue (3.43 ± 0.63% vs. 1.88 ± 0.4% ID/g). Moreover, the increased tumour retention resulted in a twofold higher tumour accumulation at 24 h p.i., and increased tumour-to-non-target ratios (tumour-to-kidney, 0.6 vs. 0.4; tumour-to-liver, 8.8 vs. 5.9, 24 h p.i.). In the therapy study, both 177Lu-labelled BN analogues significantly inhibited tumour growth. The therapeutic efficacy was highest for the PEGylated derivative of high specific activity administered in two fractions (2 × 20 MBq = 40 MBq) at day 0 and day 7 (73% tumour growth inhibition, 3 weeks after therapy).

Conclusions

PEGylation and increasing the specific activity enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of a 177Lu-labelled BN-based radiopharmaceutical and provide a protocol for targeted radionuclide therapy with a beneficial anti-tumour effectiveness and a favourable risk-profile at the same time.
Comparison of bone marrow-derived and mucosal mast cells in controlling intramacrophage Francisella tularensis replication
Authors: Hunter Colleen , Rodriguez Annette , Yu Jieh-Juen , Chambers James , Guentzel M Neal , Arulanandam Bernard
Published: June 2012

Although the importance of mast cells (MCs) in response to allergens has been characterized extensively, the contribution of these cells in host defense against bacterial pathogens is not well understood. Previously, we have demonstrated that the release of interleukin-4 by bone marrow-derived MCs inhibits intramacrophage replication of Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS). Because pneumonic tularemia is one of the several manifestations of infection by Francisella, it is important to determine whether MCs present in mucosal tissues, i.e . the lung, exhibit similar effects on LVS replication. On the basis of this rationale, we phenotypically compared mucosal mast cells (MMCs) to traditional bone marrow-derived MCs. Both cell types exhibited similar levels of cell surface expression of fragment crystal epsilon receptor I (FcεRI), mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (c-Kit) and major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI), as well as patterns of granulation. MMCs exhibited a comparable, but somewhat greater uptake of fluorescent-labeled beads compared with MCs, suggesting an increased phagocytic ability. MCs and MMCs co-cultured with primary macrophages exhibited comparable significant decreases in LVS replication compared with macrophages cultured alone. Collectively, these results suggest that MMCs are phenotypically similar to MCs and appear equally effective in the control of intramacrophage F. tularensis LVS replication.
Anthems for (Un)doomed Youth?: The Fairy Tales of Wilfred Owen
Authors: Butts Dennis
Published: June 2012

Wilfred Owen (1893–1918) is highly regarded, particularly for his poems about World War I. He also wrote little-known poetical versions of H.C. Andersen’s fairy tales— Little Claus and Big Claus and The Little Mermaid . These poems are investigated, particularly for the strategies Owen adopted for dealing with some of the problematic issues raised by Andersen's original tales.
Testing the Tastemakers: Children’s Literature, Bestseller Lists, and the “Harry Potter Effect”
Authors: Fitzsimmons Rebekah
Published: June 2012

The bestseller list makes hidden assumptions about genres and taste cultures. The editorial pre-selection of the New York Times bestseller list affects the reception and circulation of various types of books, specifically children’s literature. This essay discusses the power of the bestseller list to determine what will sell well and be accepted as mainstream culture and how its tastemaking capacity has affected the field of children’s literature.
Not Exactly: Intertextual Identities and Risky Laughter in Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian
Authors: Kertzer Adrienne
Published: June 2012

Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian does not exactly fit theories of reading, identity, and authenticity often cited in scholarship on children’s literature by and about Native Americans. Examining the novel’s multiple intertextual identities and the risky laughter of Ellen Forney’s illustrations, I situate its radical potential in Thomas King’s theory of reading.
Jews in Polish Philosophy
Authors: Woleński Jan
Published: June 2012

This paper outlines briefly the contribution of philosophers of Jewish origin to Polish philosophy. The author contrasts the phrases "philosophy in Poland" and "Polish philosophy." The former refers to philosophical ideas created in Poland as a territory, but the latter indicates philosophy as a part of the national Polish culture. Since the paper deals with "Polish philosophy," it omits representatives of Jewish philosophy living in Poland, like Isserles (Remu), the Gaon of Vilna, Maimon, or Krochmal. The participation of Jews in Polish academic life was a result of Haskala and began in the second half of the nineteenth century. Various factors, political and social, determined restrictions of activities of Jews in Polish science, including philosophy. The situation improved in 1918–1939, although most Jewish people had no full chance to make successful academic careers. Nevertheless, several Jews played a prominent role in Polish philosophy, particularly in the Lvov-Warsaw School.
A Turn towards Modernity: The Ideological Innovation of Sallah
Authors: Kimchi Rami N.
Published: June 2012

In 1964 an Israeli film was nominated for the first time ever for an Oscar as the best foreign film. This film has since become the most popular Israeli film ever made, and the herald of the only Israeli original film cycle: the Bourekas (1964-1977). The article, devoted fully to this film, Sallah , suggests a completely new reading of it. Until recently, critics tended to view Sallah as a subversive political satire set against the hegemony of the era's Zionist elites in Israel. The article, adopting a neo-Marxist approach to examining Sallah , suggests that the film actually serves as an "ideological state apparatus" for Zionist elites. However at the same time, the article suggests, Sallah reflects and promotes a change in the Zionist elite's ideology that happened at the time of its distribution: a turn from promoting Hebrewness as the major Zionist value to promoting Modernism as the central Zionist value. The Bourekas films that followed Sallah continued to emphasize this transformation in ideology, testifying to an ongoing centrality of modernism in Zionist ideology.
Jews in Poland Between the Two World Wars
Authors: Rudnicki Szymon
Published: June 2012

In no other country were Jews, proportionally, such a huge minority as in Poland. Religiously, economically, and politically Jews varied a great deal. They were an urban and closed group which kept only economic contacts with the rest of the population. In the Polish state they had to struggle for equal rights. Anti-semitism propagated by nationalists was very powerful. In the second half of the 1930s the Polish government ( sanacja ) adopted the nationalists' slogans and tried to restrict the Jews' economic activity. An expression for the modernization of the Jews was the emergence, in the end of the nineteenth century, of a Jewish intelligentsia. Political parties were established and represented both the Polish state and Jewish national movements. Polish Jews created a rich trilingual culture in Yiddish, Hebrew, and Polish. The second Polish republic can be considered a golden era for Jewish culture in Poland.
Negotiating Cultural Identity on the Stage: Maria Dronke, a German-Jewish Actor in New Zealand
Authors: Tempian Monica
Published: June 2012

1,100 Jews found refuge from Hitler in New Zealand before 1940. They experienced both geographical estrangement and cultural alienation in a British colonial setting still profoundly influenced by its settlement phase. How did the new arrivals adjust to the Dominion way of life? What factors aided their survival and acculturation at the "edge of the Diaspora"? The present article addresses aspects of acculturation and integration of German-Jewish artists in New Zealand, questions of cultural identity, and the retention of Germanness and Jewishness abroad, using the biography of the actor Maria Dronke as the lens through which to examine these issues.
The Book of Esther—: A Case Study of Ideological Interpretation
Authors: Schwartzmann Julia
Published: June 2012

Each generation of commentators has imprinted the Book of Esther with its own values and world views. The present article deals with the commentary of Rabbi Shlomo Aviner, one of the leading figures of religious Zionism, on Esther as a case study of the religious Zionist interpretation of this book. Committed both to Zionist ideology and to the Biblical canon, Aviner is determined to find a way to reject the exilic ambiance of the Book of Esther without tarnishing its two principal protagonists. He invests this story of courtly intrigue with modern insights and validates its religious and moral value for his vibrant, well informed readers. In Aviner's interpretation the story of Esther and Mordecai is no longer that of two successful Diaspora Jews who find themselves involuntarily caught up in the antisemitic plot of a lone evildoer; rather, it becomes the story of the daring struggle of two indefatigable warriors standing shoulder to shoulder in total combat against the forces of evil.
The Scholem Brothers and the Paths of German Jewry, 1914-1939
Authors: Geller Jay Howard
Published: June 2012

The First World War and the Weimar Republic opened new opportunities for Jews in Germany, but they also complicated the Jews' situation. Significant antisemitism accompanied illiberal antirepublican sentiment, and the Jews' place in German society was increasingly called into question. Faced with this challenge, German Jews saw four options available to them: the Jewish particularism of Zionism, the universalism of Marxism, an embrace of German nationalism and minimization of Jewish identity, and bourgeois liberalism. These four positions found representation in the four Scholem brothers: Gershom (born Gerhard), Werner, Reinhold, and Erich. An examination of their lives and their relationship to Judaism and German politics elucidates the options that German Jews considered available in this era and the decisions they made.
Splice: The postmodern Prometheus
Authors: Jackson Kimberly
Published: June 2012

This article places Vincenzo Natali’s 2010 film Splice in the tradition of modern mad scientist narratives like Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and in the more contemporary tradition of science-fiction films that portray evil mega-corporations whose products threaten to overrun
humanity and to dislodge cherished notions of human uniqueness. I argue that Splice offers a unique take on these established sub-genres, substituting the corporation for the rogue scientist, and corporate personhood for modern subjectivity. Unlike films like Blade Runner by Scott (1982),
the Terminator series by Cameron (1984, 1991), Mostow (2003), McG (2009) and Repo Men by Sapochnik (2010), in Splice there is no human victory in the end; instead, humanity must confront its evolution into a different type of being all together.
Shelley’s Medusa: ‘Eyes of Pain’ in The Cenci of 1819
Authors: Carman Colin
Published: June 2012

The Cenci of 1819 is English Romantic writer Percy Bysshe Shelley’s clearest expression of his fascination with the Medusa figure. This article asserts that the Medusa represented a particular sort of symbolic economy, one that his anti-heroine Beatrice Cenci appropriates in taking
on the Medusa’s features. The petrifying gaze is the most obvious of these features, but close attention is also paid to the abjection of hair and skin in Shelley’s tragedy. Beatrice’s Medusa-likeness is powerful not just because it horrifies but because it grants her a limited
access to symbolization and the agency to revise social, filial, psychic and political relations since these are composed through various orders of representation. At the very least, this suspends the claims of Beatrice’s rapist father to perfect sovereignty, for Count Cenci only has
his position and power by virtue of existing social and political forms and in this sense he is dependent on – perhaps even vulnerable to – someone who lives on the edges of language.
Suluk Wujil and Javanese Performance Theory
Authors: Cohen Matthew Isaac
Published: June 2012

Suluk Wujil (inscribed in Cirebon, West Java in 1607) interpellates descriptions of wayang kulit, raket mask dance and clowning with discourse on Islamic topics and a portrait of a homo-social relation between two Islamic 'saints' (wali). The text focuses centrally on Sheikh Malaya,
an alias for Sunan Kalijaga, the legendary Islamic proselytizer. Malaya has become a mask dance performer in his search for his missing son, but is unable to reconcile his working identity with a belief in doctrinal Islam, until a post-performance dialogue with his spiritual master Sunan Bonang
reveals that the symbology of wayang kulit can be interpreted from an Islamic mystical perspective, holding the key to the reconciliation of opposites and opening up knowledge of the Divine. The text argues for an anti-scripturalism in which the ultimate kiblat (point of orientation) is not
Mecca but the ever-permutable self, constantly in negotiation with the Divine and social others. Rather than artistic performance being segregated as an extra-quotidian domain, it is integrated through discourse and interpretation into a dialogical world of play. Such, at least, is the text's
apparent argument. In practice, however, a text such as the Suluk Wujil, which deploys a considerable amount of technical performance vocabulary as well as complex Islamic hermeneutics, is clearly not intended to be understood by all. Sunan Bonang's esoteric interpretation of wayang kulit
is not immanent in performance. Thus, the text hints at a split between artistic production and exegesis defined along lines of class and space. While commoners might enact and attend theatre in the public sphere, the work of interpretation takes place privately, carried out by elite artistic
connoisseurs who are also initiates in the esoteric secrets of mysticism. This hierarchical spatialization of knowledge remains a vital undercurrent in Javanese performance to date.
Ambivalences of piety: Gendered identities of Egyptian women in performance
Authors: Khedr Mona
Published: June 2012

Gender representations and the position of women in Islam are issues of ongoing debates in both the Muslim world and the West. This article discusses the manifestation of religiosity among Egyptian female artists who publically occupy a religious space to identify themselves and/or
their artistic expressions, and examines closely the representation of a Muslim femininity onstage in a reading of Egyptian playwright Alfred Farag's The Last Walk (1999). This article looks at the dominant discourses of gender in the context of contemporary Egypt and the influence of these
discourses on artistic expression of femininity onstage. The open-ended, scriptural text has given enough room for creative discursive strategies to take shape. To represent in performance or not has generally been a debatable question that polarized Muslim communities of old and new. This
has particularly been pertinent to women's performance given the proscriptions on a woman's bodily display inherent in the religious text. The article explores a performance of gender inequality in the Islamic context of Egyptian society. Farag's one-woman-show play problematizes notions of
agency, responsibility and victimhood. The diversity of ambivalent attitudes towards women performers influenced by the Egyptians' religious outlook is explored through the examination of the case of the 'repentant' Egyptian female artists. Repentant artists include actors, vocalists and belly
dancers, who, due to their varying modes of performance, debate the decision of their repentance or retirement differently. The various brands of religiosity that these female artists demonstrate explicate new forms of non-western feminist agencies that are otherwise unexplored or reductively
deemed marginal, precisely because they are born within an Islamic culture.
Reshaping the public radio newsroom for the digital future
Authors: Usher Nikki
Published: June 2012

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the United States' National Public Radio's journey as it strives to become a more web- and multimedia-savvy company. The article offers a qualitative account of a significant transition phase in the news organization's development: what
started as a 400-person retraining of the newsroom ended as a rethinking of the newsroom's digital development. The article examines the way in which NPR created the conditions of ambiguity that allowed for innovation to take place.
Absence of mutations in PAX8, NKX2.5, and TSH receptor genes in patients with thyroid dysgenesis
Authors: Brust Ester S. , Beltrao Cristine B. , Chammas Maria C. , Watanabe Tomoco , Sapienza Marcelo T. , Marui Suemi
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVES: To precisely classify the various forms of TD, and then to screen for mutations in transcription factor genes active in thyroid development. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients underwent ultrasound, thyroid scan, and serum thyroglobulin measurement to accurately diagnose the form of TD. DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes. The PAX8, and NKX2.5 genes were evaluated in all patients, and TSH receptor (TSHR) gene in those with hypoplasia. RESULTS: In 27 nonconsanguineous patients with TD, 13 were diagnosed with ectopia, 11 with hypoplasia, and 3 with athyreosis. No mutations were detected in any of the genes studied. CONCLUSION: Sporadic cases of TD are likely to be caused by epigenetic factors, rather than mutations in thyroid transcription factors or genes involved in thyroid development.
Mutation analysis in two Chinese families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Wen Zhang , Liao Quan , Hu Ya , Zhao Yupei
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at identifing mutations in two Chinese genealogies with MEN1. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three members of two Chinese families with MEN1 were enrolled in this study, and all of the coding regions and adjacent sequences of the MEN1 gene were amplified and sequenced. RESULTS: A recurrent mutation of heterozygous change T>A at IVS 4+1 was found in family I, and a novel insGAGGTGG mutation (c.703-709dup7bp) resulted in a frameshift (p.A237Gfsx13) in family II. CONCLUSION: We are able to add a new mutation of MEN1 gene in Chinese patients with MEN1 that will be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Barreiras ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial
Authors: Guedes Maria Vilani Cavalcante , Araujo Thelma Leite de , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Silva Lucia de Fatima da , Freitas Maria Célia de , Almeida Paulo César de
Published: June 2012

Objetivou-se descrever as barreiras encontradas pelas pessoas portadoras de hipertensão arterial para a não adesão ao tratamento e controle dos níveis de sua pressão arterial. Estudo descritivo e transversal realizado em seis unidades básicas de saúde em Fortaleza-Ceará, Brasil, com 246 pessoas inscritas no Programa de Controle de Hipertensão Arterial há, no mínimo, um ano. Coletaram-se dados com entrevista estruturada e no prontuário eletrônico. Identificaram-se 69 pesquisados com níveis pressóricos normalizados. As principais barreiras apontadas foram: baixas condições financeiras, tratamento contínuo com muitos remédios e prática de atividade física. Concluiu-se que as barreiras ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo compreendem a pessoa adoecida, seu ambiente de vida e acesso aos cuidados de saúde.
Filosofia buberiana e a produção da pós-graduação Stricto Sensu brasileira: revisão integrativa
Authors: Schaurich Diego , Crossetti Maria da Graça Oliveira , Padoin Stela Maris de Mello
Published: June 2012

Revisão integrativa que objetivou caracterizar a produção do conhecimento da Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu brasileira que se desenvolveu à luz da filosofia de Martin Buber. A coleta de dados ocorreu no Banco de Teses da CAPES e 66 produções compuseram a amostra. O período de 2003 a 2007 agrupou a maioria dos estudos que foram defendidos em programas de Educação e Psicologia. A maior parte foi produzida na região Sudeste e focada nas temáticas processo ensino-aprendizagem e sexualidade humana. Conclui-se que a utilização deste referencial, por sua abrangência e complexidade, tem servido a diferentes disciplinas do conhecimento no subsídio a distintos objetos de investigação. Ainda, configura uma alternativa à saúde e à Enfermagem para o desenvolvimento do cuidado relacional-dialógico e humanístico.
Nutrição mineral de hortaliças XVIII. Efeito da omissão dos macronutrientes e do boro, no desenvolvimento e na composição química da ervilha
Authors: Santos M. A. C. , Haag H. P. , Sarruge J. R.
Published: June 2012

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar alguns aspectos da nutrição da ervilha (Pisum sativum, L.), variedade Okaw ("Torta-de-Flor-Roxa") e Asgrow 40 no que concerne: 1 - Efeitos das omissões dos macronutrientes e do boro, na obtenção de um quadro sintomatológico das carências, na variedade Asgrow 40. 2 - Efeitos das carências dos macronutrientes e do boro na produção de matéria seca e composição química na variedade Asgrow 40. Sementes de ervilha (Pisum sativum, L.) da variedade Asgrow 40, foram postas a germinar em silica, mantendo-se um teor de umidade adequado. Passou-se a regar as plântulas com soluções nutritivas com omissões dos nutrientes, entre 20 e 25 dias após a germinação. Tão logo se delineou o quadro sintomatológico das carências, as plantas foram coletadas, mensuradas em altura (cm) e peso da matéria seca (g). Divididas em raízes, caules, folhas inferiores e superiores, flores, vagens e analisadas. Os dados mostram que: 1 - As omissões dos macronutrientes com excessão do magnésio e do enxofre, apresentaram sintomas visuais de deficiência características. 2 - A produção da matéria seca foi afetada em todos os tratamentos com omissão de nutrientes, com excessão daqueles nos quais foram omitidos o magnésio e/ou enxofre. 3 - Os teores dos nutrientes expressos em porcentagem e/ou partes por milhão em folhas apresentando ou não sintomas de carências foram:
Determinação do boro, solúvel em ácido, em fertilizantes
Authors: Alcarde J. C. , Catani R. A. , Souza O. S.
Published: June 2012

O presente trabalho relata os estudos desenvolvidos sobre alguns aspectos do método volumétrico de determinação do boro, solúvel em ácido, em fertilizantes. Foram objeto de estudos a influência dos ions amônio e fosfato e suas consequentes eliminações, a possibilidade da redução da massa de manitol necessária para a titulação, face a mudança do pH do ponto final e a precisão e a exatidão do método. Os resultados permitiram estabelecer que 6,0 g de manitol são suficientes para a referida determinação pelo método proposto. A influência do íon amônio é evitada pela fervura da solução alcalina por 30 minutos e o ânion sulfato influe na precipitação do fosfato com Pb2+, sendo por isso, necessário 1 ml da solução de Pb (nO3)2 a 10% para cada 1% de P2O5 da amostra para a completa precipitação do fosfato. O método proposto é dotado de adequada precisão e exatidão.
Estudo econômico e agrícola dos plantios manual e motomecanizado da cana de açúcar
Authors: Neves Arthur A.
Published: June 2012

O autor faz um estudo de dois processos de plantio da cana de açúcar, o manual e o motomecanizado, analisando-os sob pontos de vista econômico e agrícola. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que: 1 - no plantio motomecanizado, um operário consome 119,42 horas para plantar 6.400 m² de canas, ao custo Cr$ 871.99 enquanto que no plantio manual, um operário consome 112.55 horas para plantar 6.400 m² de canas ao custo de Cr$ 342.06. 2 - a análise estatística dos resultados revelou que não existe diferença significativa entre o custo do plantio manual comparado com o motomecanizado. 3 - do ponto de vista agrícola, o plantio motomecanizado apresentou-se com um trabalho de melhor qualidade.
Influência de alguns métodos de processamento nas propriedades organoléticas da maçã em pedaços: variedade Bruckner do Brasil
Authors: Nogueira João Nunes
Published: June 2012

Foi estudada a influência de tres tratamentos com. a finalidade de evitar o escurecimento enzimático (branqueamento, SO2 e ácido ascórbico) e de tres métodos de processamento (appertização, congelação e liofilização) nas propriedades organoléticas da maçã em pedaços da variedade Bruckner do Brasil. Imediatamente após seu recebimento, uma terça parte das frutas foi processada. Outra terça parte foi colocada em câmara fria a 1°C por três semanas e a restante deixada sob as mesmas condições por seis semanas, sendo estas duas últimas processadas imediatamente após os respectivos tempos de armazenamento prévio. Os resultados mostraram que o melhor tratamento foi a combinação branqueamento-appertização para todos os atributos de qualidade, exceto para cor, em que as combinações SO2-congelação e ácido ascórbico-congelação foram superiores. A appertização foi o método de processamento mais adequado para a variedade em estudo. O armazenamento prévio não melhorou as propriedades organoléticas da maçã em pedaços, chegando a ser até prejudicial para a maioria dos tratamentos utilizados.
Absorção de cálcio pelos tecidos da folha do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., var. Mundo novo)
Authors: Cruz A. D. , Sarruge J. R. , Haag H . P.
Published: June 2012

A absorção de cálcio pelos tecidos de folha do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., var. Mundo Novo) foi estudada em cortes transversais feitos na porção média do limbo foliar de amostras de folhas colhidas em plantas cultivadas em condições de campo. O estudo teve como objetivos, caracterizar o mecanismo de absorção de cálcio e avaliar os efeitos de K, Mg e B na absorção daquele nutriente. A técnica experimental padrão empregada em todos os ensaios constituiu em submeter cortes de 300 m de espessura a uma série de soluções com concentrações crescentes de cálcio, contendo 45Ca como traçador, luminosidade de 3000 lux, temperatura e arejamento constantes. A série de soluções de cálcio foi constituída das seguintes concentrações de CaCl2: 5x10-6M, 10-5M, 2x10-5M;, 4 x l0-5M, 8 x 10-5M, 1,6 x 10-4M, 3,2x10-4M, 6,4x10-4M, 1,28x10-3M e 2,56x10-3M. Os ensaios realizados foram: absorção de cálcio na fase vegetativa e de florescimento do cafeeiro, considerados com os padrões, absorção de cálcio na presença de inibidores metabólicos (2,4-DNP 10-5M, borbulhamento com N2 e temperatura de 10°C); absorção de cálcio na presença de KC1 5x10-3M, KC1 10-4M, MgCl2 5x10-3M e H3BO3 5x10-3M. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de regressão e comparados estatisticamente pelo teste «t». Após a análise estatística, foram calculados os valores dos parâmetros Km e Vm, os quais demonstraram que a absorção de cálcio, pelos tecidos foliares, é metabólica e que os íons K e B provocam um efeito estimulatório, enquanto que o Mg tem um efeito inibidor de caráter não não competitivo.
Efeitos de retardadores de crescimento na frutificação da videira 'Niagara Rosada'
Authors: Castro Paulo R. C. , Ferraz Eduardo C. , Awad Marcel
Published: June 2012

Estudou-se a influência da aplicação por imersão, de retardadores de crescimento (CCC e SADH), 5 dias antes do florescimento, nas características morfológicas da panícuia da videira Vitis (labrusca x vinifera) 'Niagara Rosada'. Neste ensaio verificou-se que as concentrações de CCC aplicadas em pré-florescimento, não afetaram favoravelmente a morfologia das panículas da cultivar estudada, nas condições do ensaio. SADH na dosagem de 1000 ppm provocou, na primeira colheita, aumento no peso e comprimento da panícula, no peso das bagas, e no comprimento da ráquis, proporcionando a formação desejada de uma panícula mais alongada, nas condições estudadas. Aplicação de SADH na concentração de 250 ppm em pré-florescimento, promoveu aumento no peso e comprimento da panícula, número e peso das bagas, além do inconveniente de elevar o número de sementes.