bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borsa İstanbul’da Finansal Haberler ile Piyasa Değeri İlişkisinin Metin Madenciliği ve Duygu (Sentiment) Analizi ile İncelenmesi
Authors: ATAN Suat , ÇINAR Yetkin
Published: March 2019

Şirketlere ilişkin haber metinleri ile finansal değerler arasındaki ilişkilerin nesnel bir temelde analiz edilebilmesini sağlamak için, öncelikle ilişkili haberlerin ve bu haberlerde yer alan olumlu ya da olumsuz ifadelerin sayısal değerlere dönüştürülmesi gerekmektedir. Bu amaçla literatürde "metin madenciliği" ve “Duygu (Sentiment) Analizi” yaklaşım ve yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da, Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören BIST30 şirketlerine ilişkin 2014 yılında farklı kaynaklarda yayınlanmış 14.108 haber metin madenciliği teknikleri ile alınarak, yıllık ve çeyreklik bazda haber sayıları tespit edilmiştir. Haber içeriklerinde yer alan ifadeler de, Türkçe diline çevrilerek oluşturulmuş bir “Duygu Sözlüğü” yardımıyla, sayısal değerlere dönüştürülmüştür. Daha sonra, bu sayısal skorlar ile aynı dönemde piyasada oluşan şirket değerleri arasındaki ilişkiler analiz edilmiştir. Ortaya çıkan temel sonuç, finansal piyasalarla yayınlanan haberler ve bunların duygu tonları ile finansal değerler arasında anlamlı ilişkilerin var olduğudur. Bu sonuç Türk finansal piyasalarının değerlendirilmesinde önemli bir araç olarak Türkçe haber kaynaklarının da kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Şii Jeopolitiğinde Türkiye İle İran’ın Güç Mücadelesi
Authors: GÜNEŞ Ergin
Published: March 2019

İran ve Türkiye arasındaki güç savaşı ve savaşın mezhepsel boyutunun ele alındığı bu çalışmada
aktörlerin bölgede izledikleri siyaset sonuçlarıyla birlikte ortaya konulacaktır. Soğuk Savaş’ın bitmesinin
ardından, ABD’nin 1991 ve 2003 yıllarında gerçekleştirdiği Irak’a yönelik müdahaleler ve akabinde 2010’da
başlayan Arap Baharı’ndan sonra Orta Doğu’da yeni dengeler oluştu. İran, bölgesel bir güç olarak Irak,
Suriye ve bölgede özellikle Şiilik kozunu kullanarak etkinliğini arttırmaktadır. İran’ın hedeflediği “Şii
Hilali’nin” gerçekleşmesi durumunda ise Türkiye’nin Sünni-Arap dünyasıyla olan coğrafi bağı kopacaktır.
Buna engel olmak ve bölgede nüfuzunu artırmak isteyen Türkiye Sünniliği ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Aynı
şekilde Sünni ve Şii azınlıklar da bulundukları ülkedeki güç dengesini kendi lehlerine değiştirmek amacıyla
İran ya da Türkiye gibi bir dış gücün desteğini almak için mezhepsel farklılıklarını araçsallaştırmaktadırlar.
Aktörlerinin İran ve Türkiye olarak ele alındığı güç oyununda mezhepler bir enstrüman olarak kullanılmakta
ve her aktör diğerinin güç kazanımını kendisinin güç kaybı olarak algılamaktadır.
Türk Diplomatların Bakış Açısıyla Türk-Sovyet İlişkileri (1917-1925)
Authors: KÜÇÜK Evren , BEKAR Nurgül
Published: March 2019

Rus Bolşevik Devrimi, I. Dünya Savaşı’nın kaderini belirleyen etkenlerden biri olmuştur. Sovyetler Birliği’nin oluşmasına yol açan bu devrim, Rus İmparatorluğu'nun izlediği iç ve dış politikayı radikal anlamda değiştirmiş, bölge jeopolitiği açısından yeni bir dönemi başlatmıştır. Aynı dönemde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu otoritesinden ayrı olarak emperyalist güçlere karşı ulusal kurtuluş mücadelesini başlatan Ankara Hükümeti ise "Misak-ı Milli” programı çerçevesinde hareket etmişti. Bu bağlamda ortak düşman olarak algılanan İtilaf devletlerine karşı verilen varoluş mücadelesi Türk-Rus işbirliğini gündeme getirmişti.Bu çalışmadaki amaç 1917-1925 yılları arasında SSCB-Türkiye ilişkilerinin başlangıç dönemini ve her iki ülke açısından yarattığı etkileri Türk diplomatların perspektifinden değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada, 1917- 1925 yılları arasında Türk-Rus ilişkilerinin seyri ve Türk diplomatların Bolşevizm'e bakışı, diplomatların hatıratları ve araştırma eserler ile realizm ve jeopolitik determinist teorilerin ışığında içerik analizi metoduyla değerlendirilecektir.
Attitudes Towards Income Inequality in Turkey
Authors: LİMANLI Ömer
Published: March 2019

The purpose ofthis paperisto revealfactorsthat affect attitudestowardsincome inequality in Turkey by using World Values Surveys dataset over the period 1990-2011. Unlike previous studies on Turkey, this paper has employed ordered logistic regression with the wider period. Two separate estimations have been run using different explanatory variables. In the first estimation, findings have demonstrated that financial satisfaction of households, religion and political ideologyare crucial factors in the attitude creation process. In the second estimation, trust variables have been run with traditional control variables such as sex, age, education, and marital status. People who trust armed forces, police, European Union, and government support larger income differences almost in all years. Individuals who trust labour unions prefer more equality as expected. Findings reveal that ideologies and religious affiliations of voters are determinative in the development of policies to combat income inequality, among other factors mentioned. In this context, it can be said that there is a strong connection between the concepts of religion, ideology, and justice which is mentioned together with the idea of inequality.
TINGKAT KETAHANAN PANGAN PADA RUMAH TANGGA MISKIN DI DAERAH RAWAN BANJIR (Studi di Desa Tanjang dan Desa Kosekan Kecamatan Gabus Kabupaten Pati)
Authors: Damayanti Herna Octivia
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHFood security is a key issue in the fulfillment of people's welfare. The condition of food insecurity that can be called vulnerable food is experienced mostly by the poor. Besides economic factors, food insecurity can occur in flood vulnerable area. Objectives of the research are: (1) to analyze the food security level in the poor households; and (2) to analyze the inequality of food security. This quantitative descriptive research was conducted between March and September 2017 in Tanjang village and Kosekan village, Gabus Subdistrict, Pati regency. Sampling size is 89 households consisting of 41 households in Kosekan village and 48 households in Tanjang village. Data analysis: (1) food security with Current Population Survei (CPS) Food Security Suplement and (2) the inequality of food security statistically. Results of the research: (1) the food security index of poor households in Tanjang and Kosekan villages can be categorized as food resistant households; and (2) the level of food inequality of Tanjang and Kosekan villages were similar or not significantly different. INDONESIAKetahanan pangan merupakan isu pokok dalam pemenuhan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kondisi tidak tahan pangan disebut juga rawan pangan banyak dialami oleh golongan masyarakat atau rumah tangga miskin. Selain karena faktor ekonomi, kerawanan pangan dapat terjadi di daerah rawan banjir. Tujuan penelitian : (1) menganalisis tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga miskin; (2) menganalisis ketimpangan ketahanan pangan. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini dilakukan bulan Maret-September 2017 dengan lokasi di Desa Tanjang dan Desa Kosekan Kecamatan Gabus Kabupaten Pati. Jumlah sampel Desa Kosekan 41 KK dan Desa Tanjang 48 KK. Analisis data : (1) ketahanan pangan dengan Current Population Survei (CPS) Food Security Suplement dan (2) ketimpangan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga miskin secara statistik. Hasil penelitian yaitu (1) indeks ketahanan pangan rumah tangga miskin di Desa Tanjang dan Desa Kosekan termasuk kategori rumah tangga tahan pangan dan (2) tingkat ketimpangan pangan Desa Tanjang dan Desa Kosekan sama atau tidak berbeda nyata (tidak signifikan).
HUBUNGAN USIA DAN STATUS PEKERJAAN IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN KURANG ENERGI KRONIS PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Ernawati Aeda
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHThe number of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency in Pati Regency increases in the last three years.The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship the age factor and the occupation of pregnant women towardchronic energy deficiency in pregnant women in Puskesmas Gabus I. This studi uses a quantitative approach with cross sectional design.The study is conducted at Puskesmas Gabus I.The populationare 194 pregnant women and 132 of them are used as the study sample obtained by simple random sampling. Statistical test uses chi square and risk estimation uses rasio prevalence. The results show that there is a correlationbetween maternal age and occupationn chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women. Mothers who are pregnant at too young (35 years) have risk experiencing chronic energy deficiency. In addition, the pregnant women without job. Therefore, it is important to promote pregnancy at a healthy reproductive age as well as to improve household’s incomes. INDONESIAPrevalensi ibu hamil yang mengalami Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) di Kabupaten Pati mengalami peningkatan. Data prevalensi ibu hamil KEK dari tahun 2014 sampai 2016 berturut-turut yaitu 6,43%, 7,47%, dan 8,03%.Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor usia ibu hamil dan status pekerjaan terhadap kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Gabus I. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Puskesmas Gabus I Jumlah populasi sebanyak 194 ibu hamil dan diambil sampel sebanyak 132 orang dengan teknik simple random sampling. Uji statistic menggunakan chi square dan estimasi risiko menggunaka rasio prevalence. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan usia ibu hamil dan status pekerjaan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil. Ibu yang hamil pada usia terlalu muda (< 20 tahun) atau terlalu tua (>35 tahun) berisiko mengalami KEK. Selain itu ibu hamil yang hanya beraktivitas sebagai ibu rumah tangga (tidak bekerja)berisiko mengalami KEK. Perlu upaya promosi kesehatan tentang pentingnya kehamilan di usia reproduksi sehat dan upaya peningkatanpenghasilan pada ibu rumah tangga.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PEMBINAAN KEAMANAN JAJAN PANGAN ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Aini Siti Qorrotu
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHIt is important to pay attention regarding the safety of snack for elementary school children because it affects the quality of health of school children. The safety of snacks for elementary school children is a responsibility for stakeholders in particular government institutions. This research aimed to find out how the local government in the guidance of snacks for elementary students in Pati Regency as well as the barriers for implementing it. This research used descriptive exploratory methode with qualitative approach. The data collected through in-depth interview, observation, and document study. The results showed that the policy for food safety from elementary students have not been specifically stated in the strategic plan of related government institutions. The role of the local government to improve the security of snack for elementary students is conducted implicitly in related service programs from the office of health and the office of education and culture. The constraints comes from budget limitation, the absense of local regulation and low awareneess regarding food safety among elementary students, teachers / principals, and food sellers. INDONESIAPangan jajanan anak sekolah dasar sangat penting mendapat perhatian karena berdampak terhadap kualitas kesehatan anak sekolah. Keamanan pangan jajanan anak sekolah dasar menjadi tanggungjawab bersama antara pemangku kepentingan khususnya pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran pemerintah daerah dan kendala dalam pembinaan pangan jajanan anak sekolah di Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif eksploratif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen instansi terkait. Analisis data dengan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan keamanan pangan jajanan anak sekolah dasar belum tertuang secara khusus di dalam rencana strategis (renstra). Peran pemerintah dalam upaya peningkatan keamanan pangan jajanan anak sekolah dasar secara implisit dalam program dinas terkait, yaitu Dinas Kesehatan dan Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Kendala dalam pelaksanaan pembinaan keamanan pangan jajan anak sekolah yang sudah berjalan, diantaranya berupa keterbatasan anggaran, belum adanya peraturan daerah yang mengatur masalah tersebut, serta rendahnya kesadaran akan pentingnya keamanan pangan pada siswa, guru/kepala sekolah, dan penjaja makanan.
TO THE PROBLEM OF LUPIN USE FOR FEEDING OF AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS AND POULTRY
Authors: Ruckaya Valentina
Published: March 2019

Grain legumes are the main source for valuable forage plant protein lupin included. Protein content in seeds of narrow-leafed lupin is 33–37%, in white lupin it makes 34–39% and in yellow one it is 39–44%. Lupin green mass is the valuable forages; crude protein content is 18–23% in its dry matter. In case of nutritive elements green mass of lupin-and-grasses’ and lupin-and-cereals’ mixtures is more complete. The best crop components in mixed crops for lupin are oat and maize. Silage of lupin green mass and grasses mixture is a valuable feed for agricultural animals. Maize-and-lupin mixture stands out from the green mass yield, and nutritional value is the best at lupin-and oat and lupin-and-rape silage. Grain haylage made of green mixture is used as feed if it’s of high maturity degree and if its moisture is 50–55%. Valuable power-and-sugar-protein concentrate has been developed in the Institute. It could be used for feeding of agricultural animals and poultry. It’s recommended to use pre-processing — extrusion or granulation to increase feed value of lupin seeds. It will improve lupin taste quality and increase digesti-bility.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN PERAWAT DENGAN PENERAPAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP ETIKA KEPERAWATAN
Authors: - Karyadi , Touwely Ketrin , Tuharea Astuti
Published: March 2019

Etika merupakan pengetahuan moral dan susila, falsafah hidup, kekuatan moral, sistem nilai, kesepakatan, serta himpunan hal-hal yang diwajibkan, larangan untuk suatu kelompok/masyarakat dan bukan merupakan hukum atau undang-undang. Etika merupakan ilmu tentang moral sedangkan moral satu kesatuan nilai yang dipakai manusia sebagai dasar perilakunya. Maka etika keperawatan (nursing ethics) merupakan bentuk ekspresi bagaimana perawat seharusnya mengatur diri sendiri, dan etika keperawatan diatur dalam kode etik keperawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan perawat dengan penerapan prinsip-prinsip etika keperawatan. Populasi penelitian cross sectional ini seluruh perawat yang bekerja pada puskesmas Waimital Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, dengan besar populasi 16 orang, dan seluruh anggota menjadi subyek penelitian (total sampling). Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner. Selanjutnya data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linier sederhana. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan perawat dengan penerapan prinsip-prinsip etika keperawatan

Kata kunci: etika keperawatan, tingkat pendidikan
The Use of New Control Card for Health Education about Chemotherapy Procedures for Patients
Authors: Tumini Tumini
Published: March 2019

In every stage of long and complex chemotherapy procedure, of course, it could confuse patients. The purpose of this queasy experimental research was to analyze the effect of education from nurses about chemotherapy procedure on patient's knowledge level toward the use of new card at one-stop oncology poly (POSA (Poli Onkologi Satu Atap)) of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, by using "pre-test post-test with control group design". The subjects were divided into two groups: treatment group that was given the education in using new cards and control group that was given the education in using old cards. The treatment group underwent the increase knowledge of general chemotherapy procedures, meanwhile, the control group did not undergo any increase. Keywords: Chemotherapy procedures, Knowledge, Patients, Education
RETRACTED: Santacruzamate A Ameliorates AD-Like Pathology by Enhancing ER Stress Tolerance Through Regulating the Functions of KDELR and Mia40-ALR in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Chen Lei , Liu Yue-cheng , Tan Hui , Zhang Yuan , Xu Ji , Liu Wen-lan , Li Zong-yang , Li Wei-ping
Published: March 2019

Aggregated amyloid-β protein (Aβ) and Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis have been implicated as critical factors in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Certain preclinical results have indicated that the increased accumulation of protein aggregates in AD-affected neurons activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), a pathological phenomenon, which predominantly mediates the aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptotic cascades in neuronal cells. In the present study, we confirmed that Santacruzamate A (STA, a natural product isolated from a Panamanian marine cyanobacterium) attenuates Aβ protein fragment 25–35 (Aβ25–35)-induced toxicity in PC12 cells and rescues cognitive deficits in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice by enhancing ER stress tolerance. We first demonstrated the anti-apoptotic effects of STA by evaluating caspase-3 activity, annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. Behavioral testing of STA-treated APPswe/PS1dE9 mice showed that the pronounced memory impairments were ameliorated and that the consolidated memories were stably maintained over a 2-week period. The mechanistic studies provided evidence that STA inhibited Aβ25–35-induced UPR and ER stress by regulating the ER retention signal (KDEL) receptor, which reinforced the retention of resident chaperones in the ER lumen. Furthermore, STA regulated the expression of the mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly protein 40 (Mia40) and augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), which ultimately attenuated the mitochondrial fission and apoptosis pathways. Together, our present findings suggest that the KDEL receptor and Mia40-ALR play a role in mitigating Aβ25–35-induced neurotoxicity, which might in turn positively regulate learning and memory. These observations support that STA may be a promising agent for reversing the progression of AD.
A Genome-Wide Detection of Copy Number Variations Using SNP Genotyping Arrays in Braque Français Type Pyrénées Dogs
Authors: Di Gerlando Rosalia , Mastrangelo Salvatore , Sardina Maria Teresa , Ragatzu Marco , Spaterna Andrea , Portolano Baldassare , Biscarini Filippo , Ciampolini Roberta
Published: March 2019

Copy number variants (CNVs) are an important source of genetic variation complementary to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Only few studies have been conducted in dogs on CNVs derived from high-density SNP array data, and many canine breeds still remain uncharacterized, e.g., the Braque Français, type Pyrénées breed (BRA). Therefore, in an effort to more comprehensively investigate the canine genome for CNVs, we used a high-density SNP array (170 K) to discover CNVs in BRA. The CNV regions (CNVRs) were identified through the merging of two different CNVRs datasets, obtained separately from SNP data using the PennCNV and SVS software. A total of 45 stringent CNVRs, ranging from 3.5 kb to 458,716 kb in length were detected in 26 dog samples. Results overlapped moderately in comparison with previous studies on CNVs in dogs, leading to the identification of 16 novel CNVRs. A total of 159 genes were annotated in the CNVRs detected with stringent quality criteria in particular high classification stringency and false discovery rate correction. The gene ontology enrichment analysis provided information on biological processes and cellular components related to muscle structure development and muscle cell differentiation. Considering that BRA is a breed used for speed in hunting and retrieval, for the ability to find feathered game, and for pointing, we can hypothesize that selection for such hunting behavior could have driven, at least in part, the presence of these genes into the CNVRs.
Using the Footfall Sound of Dairy Cows for Detecting Claw Lesions
Authors: Volkmann Nina , Kulig Boris , Kemper Nicole
Published: March 2019

An important factor for animal welfare in cattle farming is the detection of lameness. The presented study is part of a project aiming to develop a system that is capable of an automated diagnosis of claw lesions by analyzing the footfall sound. Data were generated from cows walking along a measurement zone where piezoelectric sensors recorded their footfall sounds. Locomotion of the animals was scored and they were graded according to a three-scale scoring system (LS1 = non-lame; LS2 = uneven gait; LS3 = lame). Subsequently, the cows were examined by a hoof trimmer. The walking speed across the test track was significantly higher in cows with LS1 compared to those with LS2 and LS3 and thus, they were showing a smoother gait pattern. The standard deviation of volume (SDV) in the recorded footfall sound signal was considered as a factor for the force of a cow’s footsteps. Cows with non-infectious claw lesions showed lower SDV than healthy cows and those with infectious claw diseases. This outcome confirmed the hypothesis that the evaluated cows affected by non-infectious claw lesions have a greater sensitivity to pain and demonstrate a less forceful gait pattern. These first results clearly show the potential of using footfall sound analysis for detecting claw lesions.
Evaluating Atmospheric Pollutants from Urban Buses under Real-World Conditions: Implications of the Main Public Transport Mode in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Nogueira Thiago , Dominutti Pamela A. , Vieira-Filho Marcelo , Fornaro Adalgiza , Andrade Maria de Fatima
Published: March 2019

The broad expanse of the urban metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP) has made buses, the predominant public transport mode for commuters in the city. In 2016, the bus fleet in the MASP reached 56,354 buses and it was responsible for more than 12 million daily trips. Here, we evaluate for the first time, the emission profile of gaseous and particulate pollutants from buses running on 7% biodiesel + 93% petroleum diesel and their spatial distribution in the MASP. This novel study, based on four bus terminal experiments, provides an extensive analysis of atmospheric pollutants of interest to public health and climate changes, such as CO2, CO, NOx, VOCs, PM10, PM2.5 and their constituents (black carbon (BC) and elements). Our results suggest that the renovation of the bus fleet from Euro II to Euro V and the incorporation of electric buses had a noticeable impact (by a factor of up to three) on the CO2 emissions and caused a decrease in NO emissions, by a factor of four to five. In addition, a comparison with previous Brazilian studies, shows that the newer bus fleet in the MASP emits fewer particles. Emissions from the public transport sector have implications for public health and air quality, not only by introducing reactive pollutants into the atmosphere but also by exposing the commuters to harmful concentrations. Our findings make a relevant contribution to the understanding of emissions from diesel-powered buses and about the impact of these new vehicular technologies on the air quality in the MASP.
Diurnal Variations in Surface Wind over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Yufei , Li Jianping , Zhang Qiang , Jiang Xiaowei , Feng Aixia
Published: March 2019

This study uses hourly surface wind direction and wind speed observations from 53 meteorological stations on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) (70–105° E, 25–45° N) between 1995 and 2017 to investigate diurnal variations in the surface wind. The results show large diurnal variations in surface wind on the TP. The minimum wind speed occurs in the morning and the maximum in the afternoon. In all four seasons, the prevailing meridional wind is a southerly, and this is typically evident for more than two-thirds of each day. However, in the mornings during December–February and September–November, this southerly wind is replaced by a northerly, but remains southerly in the afternoon. The TP shows remarkable regional characteristics with respect to diurnal variations in wind speed. In the eastern region, the minimum and maximum daily wind speeds occur about 1 h later than in the west. Among the 53 meteorological stations, 79% observed that it took less time for the minimum speed to rise to the maximum speed than for the maximum to drop to the minimum. The blocking effect of the high surrounding terrain causes the diurnal variations seen in the surface winds at the three stations in the Qaidam Basin to differ significantly from those observed at the other stations elsewhere on the plateau. These Qaidam Basin stations recorded their maximum wind speeds around noon, with the minimum at dusk, which is around 1900 LST. The EOF1 (EOF = empirical orthogonal function) of the hourly wind speed on the TP indicates the key daily circulation feature of the region; i.e., the wind speed is high in the afternoon and low in the morning. The EOF2 reflects the regional differences in the diurnal variations of wind speed on the TP; i.e., the eastern region reaches the daily maximum and minimum wind speeds slightly later than the western region.
Numerical Investigations of Atmospheric Rivers and the Rain Shadow over the Santa Clara Valley
Authors: Behringer Dalton , Chiao Sen
Published: March 2019

This study investigated precipitation distribution patterns in association with atmospheric rivers (ARs). The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was employed to simulate two strong atmospheric river events. The precipitation forecasts were highly sensitive to cloud microphysics parameterization schemes. Thus, radar observed and simulated Z H and Z D R were evaluated to provide information about the drop-size distribution (DSD). Four microphysics schemes (WSM-5, WSM-6, Thompson, and WDM-6) with nested simulations (3 km, 1 km, and 1/3 km) were conducted. One of the events mostly contained bright-band (BB) rainfall and lasted less than 24 h, while the other contained both BB and non-bright-band (NBB) rainfall, and lasted about 27 h. For each event, there was no clear improvement in the 1/3 km model, over the 1 km model. Overall, the WDM-6 microphysics scheme best represented the rainfall and the DSD. It appears that this scheme performed well, due to its relative simplicity in ice and mixed-phase microphysics, while providing double-moment predictions of warm rain microphysics (i.e., cloud and rain mixing ratio and number concentration). The other schemes tested either provided single-moment predictions of all classes or double-moment predictions of ice and rain (Thompson). Considering the shallow nature of precipitation in atmospheric rivers and the high-frequency of the orographic effect enhancing the warm rain process, these assumptions appear to be applicable over the southern San Francisco Bay Area.
Simulation of Miniature PDMA for Ultrafine-Particle Measurement
Authors: Chen Mingjie , Wang Huanqin , Sun Qiang , Yu Fajun , Wang Yuzhong , Wan Wei , Wang Chengpeng , Gui Huaqiao , Liu Jianguo , Lü Liang
Published: March 2019

The effect of the design and process parameters of a particle-classification zone on the sizing precision of a plate differential mobility analyzer (PDMA) was investigated by simulation software in this work. The design parameters consisted of the length, width, and height of the classification zone, and the process parameters could lead to height deviation and an uneven classification-zone wall. Prior to investigating the parameters, a comparison between experimental voltages and PDMA simulation results was applied to validate the simulation model. Thanks to velocity-field and particle-trajectory simulations, as well as experimental data from the former version of the PDMA, the dimensions of the classification zone and other key parameters were optimized. Our research shows that the dimensions of the classification zone influence the applied voltages and the measuring range of the PDMA, and range can be extended to 500 nm with low applied voltages after optimization. When the reasonable error range of the height is ±2% for the classification zone, the PDMA could basically achieve a classification role, and when it is ±1%, the PDMA has a better classifying effect.
Cavity-Enhanced Photodetachment of H− as a Means to Produce Energetic Neutral Beams for Plasma Heating
Authors: Blondel Christophe , Bresteau David , Drag Cyril
Published: March 2019

Neutral beam injection, for plasma heating, will supposedly be achieved, in ITER, by collisional detachment of a pre-accelerated D − beam. Collisional detachment, however, makes use of a D 2 -filled neutralisation chamber, which has severe drawbacks, including the necessity to set the D − -ion source at −1 MV. Photodetachment, in contradistinction, would have several advantages as a neutralisation method, including the absence of gas injection, and the possibility to set the ion source close to the earth potential. Photodetachment, however, requires a very high laser flux. The presented work has consisted in implementing an optical cavity, with a finesse greater than 3000, to make such a high illumination possible with a state-of-the-art CW (continuous-wave) laser. A 1.2 keV 1 H − -beam (only 20 times slower than the 1 MeV 2 D − ion beams to be prepared for ITER) was photodetached with more-than-50% efficiency, with only 24 W of CW laser input. This experimental demonstration paves the way for developing real-size photoneutralizers, based on the implementation of refolded optical cavities around the ion beams of neutral beam injectors. Depending on whether the specifications of the laser power or the cavity finesse will be more difficult to achieve in real scale, different architectures can be considered, with greater or smaller numbers of optical refoldings or (inclusively) optical cavities in succession, on the beam to be neutralised.
RETRACTED: Ling et al. Evaluation of Anti-Obesity Activity, Acute Toxicity, and Subacute Toxicity of Probiotic Dark Tea. Biomolecules 2018, 8, 99
Authors:   Biomolecules Editorial Office
Published: March 2019

The Biomolecules Editorial Office has been made aware that the published paper [...]
Value of Three-Dimensional Imaging Systems for Image-Guided Carbon Ion Radiotherapy
Authors: Li Yang , Kubota Yoshiki , Tashiro Mutsumi , Ohno Tatsuya
Published: March 2019

Carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) allows excellent dose distribution because of the Bragg Peak. Compared with conventional radiotherapy, it delivers a higher dose with a smaller field. However, the dose distribution is sensitive to anatomical changes. Imaging technologies are necessary to reduce uncertainties during treatment, especially for hypofractionated and adaptive radiotherapy (ART). In-room computed tomography (CT) techniques, such as cone-beam CT (CBCT) and CT-on-rails are routinely used in photon centers and play a key role in improving treatment accuracy. For C-ion RT, there is an increasing demand for a three-dimensional (3D) image-guided system because of the limitations of the present two-dimensional (2D) imaging verification technology. This review discusses the current imaging system used in carbon ion centers and the potential benefits of a volumetric image-guided system.
Presenilins and γ-Secretase in Membrane Proteostasis
Authors: Oikawa Naoto , Walter Jochen
Published: March 2019

The presenilin (PS) proteins exert a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) by mediating the intramembranous cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the generation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). The two homologous proteins PS1 and PS2 represent the catalytic subunits of distinct γ-secretase complexes that mediate a variety of cellular processes, including membrane protein metabolism, signal transduction, and cell differentiation. While the intramembrane cleavage of select proteins by γ-secretase is critical in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, the plethora of identified protein substrates could also indicate an important role of these enzyme complexes in membrane protein homeostasis. In line with this notion, PS proteins and/or γ-secretase has also been implicated in autophagy, a fundamental process for the maintenance of cellular functions and homeostasis. Dysfunction in the clearance of proteins in the lysosome and during autophagy has been shown to contribute to neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the recent knowledge about the role of PS proteins and γ-secretase in membrane protein metabolism and trafficking, and the functional relation to lysosomal activity and autophagy.
Notoginsenoside R1 Ameliorates Diabetic Retinopathy through PINK1-Dependent Activation of Mitophagy
Authors: Zhou Ping , Xie Weijie , Meng Xiangbao , Zhai Yadong , Dong Xi , Zhang Xuelian , Sun Guibo , Sun Xiaobo
Published: March 2019

Accumulating evidence has indicated that inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in retinal Müller cells are involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a novel saponin extracted from Panax notoginseng, posesses pharmacological properties, including treating diabetic encephalopathy and improving microcirculatory disorders. Nevertheless, its beneficial effects on DR and the potential mechanism remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found retinal vascular degeneration, reduced retinal thickness, and impaired retinal function in db/db mice were all dramatically attenuated by oral treatment with NGR1 (30 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. NGR1 pretreatment also significantly inhibited apoptosis, markedly suppressed the VEGF expression, markedly increased PEDF expression and markedly inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation in rat retinal Müller cells (rMC-1) subjected to high glucose (HG) and in the retinas of db/db mice. Furthermore, NGR1 pre-treatment upregulated the level of PINK1 and Parkin, increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, and downregulated the level of p62/SQSTM1 in rMC-1 cells induced by HG and in the retinas of db/db mice. Moreover, NGR1 administration enhanced the co-localization of GFP-LC3 puncta and MitoTracker in rMC-1 cells. Importantly, knockdown of PINK1 abolished the protective effects of NGR1. In conclusion, these phenomena suggested that NGR1 prevented DR via PINK1-dependent enhancement of mitophagy.
Illustrative Case Study on the Performance and Optimization of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Qu Zhiguo , Wang Wenkai , Ren Guofu , Hu Baobao
Published: March 2019

Modeling is a powerful tool for the design and development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This study presents a one-dimensional, two-phase mathematical model of PEMFC to investigate the two-phase transport process, gas species transport flow and water crossover fluxes. The model reduces the computational time for PEMFC design with guaranteed accuracy. Analysis results show that the concentration and activation overpotentials of the cell decrease with the increase of operation pressure, which result in enhanced cell performance. Proper oxygen stoichiometry ratio in the cathode decreases the cell activation overpotential and is favorable for performance improvement. The cell ohmic resistance correspondingly increases with the increase of catalyst layer thickness, which leads to a deteriorated cell performance. The improvement on cell performance could be facilitated by decreasing the membrane thickness. Predicted results show that the present model is a useful tool for the design optimization of practical PEMFCs.
Reference Ranges for Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels in Neonates as a Function of Gestational Age (22–42 Weeks) and Postnatal Age (0–29 Days): Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Scholkmann Felix , Ostojic Daniel , Isler Helene , Bassler Dirk , Wolf Martin , Karen Tanja
Published: March 2019

Hematological values of neonates need to be interpreted taking into account the fact that the reference ranges depend on the age of the neonate. We aimed to derive two general mathematical models for reference ranges for hemoglobin concentration (cHb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels in neonates as a function of gestational age (GA) and postnatal age (PNA), since it is known that GA and PNA are independent factors determining cHb and Hct. For this purpose, cHb and Hct values from the data set of Henry and Christensen (2015, Clin. Perinatol., 42, 483–497) from about 100,000 neonates (GA: 22–42 weeks, PNA: 0–28 days) were used and general models with two quadratic functions were derived. To the best of our knowledge, the models we have developed are the first published ones to provide reference ranges for cHb and Hct for neonates incorporating the parallel dependence on GA and PNA.
Experimental Investigation of Water Based Colloidal Gas Aphron Fluid Stability
Authors: Hosseini-Kaldozakh Seyed Arman , Khamehchi Ehsan , Dabir Bahram , Alizadeh Ali , Mansoori Zohreh
Published: March 2019

Today, the drilling operators use the Colloidal Gas Aphron (CGA) fluids as a part of drilling fluids in their operations to reduce formation damages in low-pressure, mature or depleted reservoirs. In this paper, a Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) has been designed to analyse the effect of salinity, polymer and surfactant types and concentration on the stability of CGA fluids. Poly Anionic Cellulose (PacR) and Xanthan Gum (XG) polymers are employed as viscosifier; Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (HTAB) and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS) have been also utilized as aphronizer. Moreover, bubble size distributions, rheological and filtration properties of aphronized fluids are investigated. According to the results, the polymer type has the highest effect, whereas the surfactant type has the lowest effect on the stability of CGA drilling fluid. It was also observed that increasing salinity in CGA fluid reduces the stability. Finally, it should be noted that the micro-bubbles generated with HTAB surfactant in an electrolyte system, are more stable than SDBS surfactant.
Combustion Synthesis of FeAl-based Composites from Thermitic and Intermetallic Reactions
Authors: Yeh Chun-Liang , Ke Chih-Yao
Published: March 2019

Combustion syntheses involving intermetallic and thermitic reactions were conducted to fabricate FeAl–TiB2–Al2O3 composites. Two combustion systems consisting of Fe, Al, Ti, Fe2O3 and B2O3 were studied for formation of xFeAl–yTiB2–Al2O3 composites with x = 1.5–3.5 and y = 0.5–0.8. In the reaction series, thermitic reduction of Fe2O3 and B2O3 by Al thermally activated the reaction between Fe and Al. As a result, the combustion wave of the synthesis reaction was sufficiently exothermic to propagate in a self-sustaining manner. With an increase in TiB2 and FeAl of the composites, the decrease of reaction exothermicity resulted in a decline of the combustion wave velocity and reaction temperature. The activation energy Ea = 88.92 kJ/mol was deduced for the synergetic combustion reaction. Based on XRD analysis, a thorough phase conversion was achieved and composites composed of FeAl, TiB2, and Al2O3 with different contents were obtained. The SEM micrograph showed the FeAl-based composite with a dense and connecting morphology.
Assessment of Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM) in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): A Patient-Driven Survey
Authors: Holtzman Carly S. , Bhatia Shaun , Cotler Joseph , Jason Leonard A.
Published: March 2019

Considerable controversy has existed with efforts to assess post-exertional malaise (PEM), which is one of the defining features of myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). While a number of self-report questionnaires have been developed to assess this symptom, none have been comprehensive, and a recent federal government report has recommended the development of a new PEM measure. The current study involved a community-based participatory research process in an effort to develop a comprehensive PEM instrument, with critical patient input shaping the item selection and overall design of the tool. A survey was ultimately developed and was subsequently completed by 1534 members of the patient community. The findings of this survey suggest that there are key domains of this symptom, including triggers, symptom onset, and duration, which have often not been comprehensively assessed in a previous PEM instrument. This study indicates that there are unique benefits that can be derived from patients collaborating with researchers in the measurement of key symptoms defining ME and CFS.
A New Ship-Radiated Noise Feature Extraction Technique Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Fluctuation-Based Dispersion Entropy
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhao Ke , Li Guohui
Published: March 2019

Sea environment complexity and underwater acoustic channels make it hard to extract features of ship-radiated noise signals. This paper presents a novel feature extraction method using the advantages of variational mode decomposition (VMD), fluctuation-based dispersion entropy (FDE) and self-organizing feature map (SOM). Firstly, VMD decomposition of the original signal is used to get a group of bandwidth-limited intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then, the difference between the FDE of each IMF and the original signal is calculated, respectively; the IMF with the smallest difference (SIMF) is selected to calculate the FDE as the feature vector. Finally, the characteristic vectors are sent to the SOM classifier to categorize the original signal. The proposed method is applied to feature extraction of real ship-radiated noise signals. The results show that this method is more precise for ship-radiated noise signals feature extraction.
Effects of Radiative Electro-Magnetohydrodynamics Diminishing Internal Energy of Pressure-Driven Flow of Titanium Dioxide-Water Nanofluid due to Entropy Generation
Authors: Zeeshan Ahmed , Shehzad Nasir , Abbas Tehseen , Ellahi Rahmat
Published: March 2019

The internal average energy loss caused by entropy generation for steady mixed convective Poiseuille flow of a nanofluid, suspended with titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles in water, and passed through a wavy channel, was investigated. The models of thermal conductivity and viscosity of titanium dioxide of 21 nm size particles with a volume concentration of temperature ranging from 15 °C to 35 °C were utilized. The characteristics of the working fluid were dependent on electro-magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) and thermal radiation. The governing equations were first modified by taking long wavelength approximations, which were then solved by a homotopy technique, whereas for numerical computation, the software package BVPh 2.0 was utilized. The results for the leading parameters, such as the electric field, the volume fraction of nanoparticles and radiation parameters for three different temperatures scenarios were examined graphically. The minimum energy loss at the center of the wavy channel due to the increase in the electric field parameter was noted. However, a rise in entropy was observed due to the change in the pressure gradient from low to high.
Extreme Interval Entropy Based on Symbolic Analysis and a Self-Adaptive Method
Authors: Xu Zhuofei , Shi Yuxia , Zhao Qinghai , Li Wei , Liu Kai
Published: March 2019

Self-adaptive methods are recognized as important tools in signal process and analysis. A signal can be decomposed into a serious of new components with these mentioned methods, thus the amount of information is also increased. In order to use these components effectively, a feature set is used to describe them. With the development of pattern recognition, the analysis of self-adaptive components is becoming more intelligent and depend on feature sets. Thus, a new feature is proposed to express the signal based on the hidden property between extreme values. In this investigation, the components are first simplified through a symbolization method. The entropy analysis is incorporated into the establishment of the characteristics to describe those self-adaptive decomposition components according to the relationship between extreme values. Subsequently, Extreme Interval Entropy is proposed and used to realize the pattern recognition, with two typical self-adaptive methods, based on both Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT). Later, extreme interval entropy is applied in two fault diagnosis experiments. One experiment is the fault diagnosis for rolling bearings with both different faults and damage degrees, the other experiment is about rolling bearing in a printing press. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated in both experiments with K-means cluster. The accuracy rate of the fault diagnosis in rolling bearing is in the range of 75% through 100% using EMD, 95% through 100% using EWT. In the printing press experiment, the proposed method can reach 100% using EWT to distinguish the normal bearing (but cannot distinguish normal samples at different speeds), with fault bearing in 4 r/s and in 8 r/s. The fault samples are identified only according to a single proposed feature with EMD and EWT. Therefore, the extreme interval entropy is proved to be a reliable and effective tool for fault diagnosis and other similar applications.
On Possible Electromagnetic Precursors to a Significant Earthquake (Mw = 6.3) Occurred in Lesvos (Greece) on 12 June 2017
Authors: Potirakis Stelios M. , Schekotov Alexander , Contoyiannis Yiannis , Balasis Georgios , Koulouras Grigorios E. , Melis Nikolaos S. , Boutsi Adamantia Zoe , Hayakawa Masashi , Eftaxias Konstantinos , Nomicos Constantinos
Published: March 2019

This paper reports an attempt to use ultra-low-frequency (ULF) magnetic field data from a space weather monitoring magnetometer array in the study of earthquake (EQ) precursors in Greece. The data from four magnetometer stations of the HellENIc GeoMagnetic Array (ENIGMA) have been analyzed in the search for possible precursors to a strong EQ that occurred south of Lesvos Island on 12 June 2017, with magnitude Mw = 6.3 and focal depth = 12 km. The analysis includes conventional statistical methods, as well as criticality analysis, using two independent methods, the natural time (NT) method and the method of critical fluctuations (MCF). In terms of conventional statistical methods, it is found that the most convincing ULF precursor was observed in the data of ULF (20–30 mHz) depression (depression of the horizontal component of the magnetic field), which is indicative of lower ionospheric perturbation just 1 day before the EQ. Additionally, there are indications of a precursor in the direct ULF emission from the lithosphere 4 days to 1 day before the EQ. Further study in terms of NT analysis identifies criticality characteristics from 8 to 2 days before the EQ both for lithospheric ULF emission and ULF depression, while MCF reveals indications of criticality in all recorded magnetic field components, extending from 10 to 3 days before the EQ. Beyond the recordings of the geomagnetic stations of ENIGMA, the recordings of the fracto-electromagnetic emission stations of the HELlenic Seismo-ElectroMagnetics Network (ELSEM-Net) in Greece have been analyzed. The MHz recordings at the station that is located on Lesvos Island presented criticality characteristics (by means of both NT analysis and MCF) 11 days before the EQ, while a few days later (7–6 days before the EQ), the kHz recordings of the same station presented tricritical behavior. It is noted that the magnetosphere was quiet for a period of two weeks before the EQ and including its occurrence.
A Method Based on Differential Entropy-Like Function for Detecting Differentially Expressed Genes Across Multiple Conditions in RNA-Seq Studies
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Jin Shuilin , Zhang Chiping
Published: March 2019

The advancement of high-throughput RNA sequencing has uncovered the profound truth in biology, ranging from the study of differential expressed genes to the identification of different genomic phenotype across multiple conditions. However, lack of biological replicates and low expressed data are still obstacles to measuring differentially expressed genes effectively. We present an algorithm based on differential entropy-like function (DEF) to test for the differential expression across time-course data or multi-sample data with few biological replicates. Compared with limma, edgeR, DESeq2, and baySeq, DEF maintains equivalent or better performance on the real data of two conditions. Moreover, DEF is well suited for predicting the genes that show the greatest differences across multiple conditions such as time-course data and identifies various biologically relevant genes.