bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran anggota Satuan Reserse Kriminal dalam menanggulangi kejahatan jalanan
Authors: Haiti Farouk Ashadi
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor apakah yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya kejahatan jalanan di wilayah Polres Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya dan untuk menganalisis upaya Satreskrim Polres Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Jalanan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan apa-apa yang saat ini berlaku. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara kepada Kanit Reskrim Polres Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya dan Anggota Satreskrim Polres Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kejahatan jalanan yaitu faktor ekonomi, faktor lingkungan dan faktor teknologi. Upaya Upaya preemtif dilakukan dengan bekerja sama dengan Binmas. Upaya preventif dengan menggalakkan program kring reserse dan Upaya represif dilakukan dengan cara menjaring dan memberantas premanisme dan berbagai sindikat kejahatan jalanan, serta menindak tegas dengan tembak di tempat pelaku kejahatan jalanan.
Pengembangan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) di Jawa Timur
Authors: Ariadi Septi , Sudarso Sudarso
Published: June 2020

Gagasan untuk mengembangkan BUM-Des, boleh dikata masih merupakan wacana yang relatif baru. Sebagai sebuah wilayah administratif pemerintahan yang paling bawah, desa di era otonomi daerah seperti sekarang ini, dituntut untuk mampu mengembangkan sikap mandiri di bidang ekonomi, termasuk membiayai sebagian dari kegiatan pembangunan di wilayahnya. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji gambaran tentang mekanisme pengelolaan badan usaha milik desa (BUM-Des) yang ada di berbagai desa di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, secara purposive, kegiatan pengkajian ini dilaksanakan di 5 kabupaten dan 25 desa di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapati bahwa BUM-Des bukanlah lembaga yang dibentuk dan tumbuh dari bawah (bottom up), melainkan lebih merupakan lembaga bentukan dari atas (top down) yang diinisiasi dari prakarsa Negara. Besar modal awal pembentukan BUM-Des, sebagian besar (60%) di atas 25 juta rupiah, bahkan 24% BUM-Des yang ada didirikan dengan modal awal 100 juta lebih. Sedangkan faktor yang dinilai sangat menghambat perkembangan BUM-Des, menurut 41,8% masyarakat desa adalah modal yang terbatas.
Penegakan hukum terhadap korporasi sebagai pelaku tindak pidana lingkungan hidup di wilayah hukum Sidoarjo
Authors: Dewanto R Dwi Kennardi
Published: June 2020

Penegakan hukum lingkungan dilakukan melalui upaya represif, yaitu melalui saluran penegakan hukum pidana untuk memulai penyelidikan keputusan pengadilan. Kasus yang dibahas melibatkan korporasi, sehingga sesuai dengan Pasal 116 ayat (1) dan (2) UU No 32 dari 2009 sanksi yang dikenakan pada badan usaha atau orang yang memberikan perintah untuk melakukan kejahatan atau orang yang bertindak sebagai pemimpin kegiatan dalam kejahatan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan berbagai kendala untuk penegakan hukum terhadap perusahaan sebagai pelaku kejahatan lingkungan di wilayah hukum Sidoarjo yang mengakibatkan ketidakefektifan penegakan hukum lingkungan, antara lain, Fasilitas hukum, aparat penegak hukum, Fasilitas dan fasilitas, izin, sistem analisis dampak lingkungan (AMDAL), dan kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat. Upaya yang perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan korporasi terhadap lingkungan di Sidoarjo meliputi: meningkatkan jumlah aparat penegak hukum; Tingkatkan pengawasan setelah pemberian lisensi; Meningkatkan fungsi AMDAL sebagai alat penegakan hukum lingkungan; dan memberikan pelatihan/pelatihan kepada aparat penegak hukum yang berkonsentrasi pada hukum lingkungan.
Peran Tim Anti Bandit Satreskrim Polrestabes Surabaya dalam penanggulangan tindak pidana kejahatan jalanan
Authors: Purnomo Heru Dwi
Published: June 2020

Kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh kelas bawah (kejahatan jalanan) terjadi karena tekanan ekonomi dari masyarakat kelas bawah, dan karena proses pengasingan yang melonggarkan ikatan sosial di antara komunitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Tim Anti Kejahatan di Kepolisian Surabaya untuk pencegahan kejahatan jalanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik kejahatan jalanan yang terjadi di Kota Surabaya berupa pencurian dengan kekerasan (curas), pencurian kendaraan bermotor (curanmor) dan pencurian dengan pemberatan (curat). Peran Tim Anti Bandit Sat Reskrim Polrestabes Surabaya yaitu: pertama, upaya penal. Upaya penal dengan cara melakukan kerjasama dengan penyidik unit tingkat Polsek, kemudian melakukan analisis data residivis (orang yang melakukan kejahatan kembali setalah bebas dari hukuman). Kedua, upaya non penal,  upaya non penal dilakukan dengan cara preemtif (dilakukan dengan bimbingan, pembinaan dan penyuluhan mengenai kejahatan dan cara untuk mewaspadainya atau mencegahnya) dan dan preventif (dilakukan dengan membuat pos-pos penjagaan dan kegiatan patroli rutin di tempat rawan kejahatan). Peran Tim Anti Kejahatan Polisi Surabaya adalah upaya pidana dan non pidana. Hambatan tim adalah kendala internal dan eksternal. Solusi untuk meningkatkan peran Tim Anti-Kejahatan dalam mengatasi kejahatan jalanan adalah penambahan sepeda motor untuk tugas, penambahan anggaran operasional dan mengeluarkan Formasi Pesanan Tim Anti Kejahatan.
Aplikasi Go Sigap sebagai wujud peningkatan pelayanan publik yang lebih mudah bagi masyarakat dengan berbasis teknologi informasi
Authors: Sarkosi Engkos
Published: June 2020

Penyelenggaraan kebijakan dengan berbasis teknologi informasi (TI) melalui aplikasi yang bisa diakses langsung melalui ponsel adalah sesuatu yang tidak bisa dihindari serta harus dilaksanakan oleh setiap instansi pemerintahan. Kepolisian Resor Gresik melakukan inovasi pelayanan publik dalam rangka mewujudkan program Promoter dari Kapolri dan melaksanakan reformasi birokrasi dengan memanfaatkan kecanggihan teknologi informasi melalui program yang bernama “Go Sigap”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyiapkan aplikasi go sigap sebagai wujud peningkatan pelayanan publik yang lebih mudah bagi masyarakat dengan berbasis teknologi infomasi. Peneliti menggunakan metode desktiptif kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara, observasi maupun dokumentasi secara mendalam agar mampu mendapat data yang valid. Hasilnya, pembentukan go sigap sebagai inovasi kebijakan berbasis teknologi dan informasi telah sesuai dengan tahapan pada pembentukan kebijakan berbasis inovasi teknologi informasi yakni melalui tahapan (1) pengetahuan (knowledge); (2) bujukan (persuasion); (3) keputusan (decision); (4) pelaksanaan (implementation); dan (5) konfirmasi (confirmation). Ada beberapa kendala dalam mempersiapkan go sigap mulai dari anggaran, penyiapan teknologi bahkan SDM.
Social construction of husband of female migrant workers on children’s education
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , El Hariri Dima Bassam
Published: June 2020

The implementation of children’s education in the family of female migrant workers (TKW) is slightly different from other families in which it relies in the hand of the fathers because the mothers are working abroad. Generally, children in such families are prone to problems either with the parents, in education, and/or in health due to the absence of the mother. This study utilizes Berger’s social construction theory to analyze how children’s education in such families are managed and conducted by the fathers. In order to do so, the research was designed as a qualitative research taking location in the village of Deyeng, in the district of Ringinrejo of Kediri known for its residents’ high participation as TKW. Data were collected from in-depth interviews from informants selected using purposive sampling. Results show that, firstly, the fathers understand children’s education as a shared responsibility with a bigger portion leaning to the mothers. This is due to perceived differences that the mothers tend to have stronger emotional attachment, perseverance, and patience to perform the task. Second, children’s education are conducted by the fathers in the forms of teaching them to read, write, and draw; instilling norms of politeness, discipline, and religious values; and admitting the children to tutoring institutions and Islamic religious tutoring services. Third, the fathers adaptability to the mothers’ leaving highly affects the process of children’s education, either in terms of economic background of the family, the fathers’ role in the children’s education, the fathers’ employment status, and difference in the children’s education level.
Strategi Polres Madiun dalam manajemen konflik pencak silat
Authors: Wiranegara I Made Jata
Published: June 2020

Manajemen konflik Pencak Silat PSHT dan PSHW di Kabupaten Madiun mengalami kendala internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis strategi Polisi Daerah Madiun dalam pengelolaan konflik seni bela diri PSHT dan PSHW. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif dan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik seni bela diri PSHT dan PSHW pada dasarnya disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, seperti faktor perbedaan sejarah, perbedaan manajemen, dan faktor pengiriman pengajaran yang berbeda. Kemudian konflik PSHT dan PSHW terjadi pada saat-saat tertentu, seperti di Nyekar 1 Muharam oleh PSHT dan Suran Agung oleh PSHW. Pola kejahatan akibat konflik antara PSHT dan PSHW, yaitu ancaman dengan senjata, penganiayaan, dan penghancuran. Ada tiga tahap untuk mengelola konflik di Madiun terkait dengan konflik seni bela diri PSHW dan PSHT, yaitu pre-emptive, preventive, dan repressive.
Kehidupan sosial remaja pengguna narkotika, psikotropika dan zat adiktif di Surabaya
Authors: Bachtiar Fuad
Published: June 2020

Penyalahgunaan narkotika, psikotropika dan zat adiktif (NAPZA) di kalangan remaja merupakan salah satu bentuk kenakalan yang dilakukan oleh remaja. Terdapat fakta bahwa beberapa remaja pengguna NAPZA di Kota Surabaya tidak terlihat seperti pecandu NAPZA, mereka memiliki kontrol emosi untuk mengelabuhi orang di sekitarnya, kemudian saat berada pada kelompok pengguna ia akan berperilaku bebas. Perilaku seperti ini dapat dikatakan merupakan sebuah dramaturgi belaka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian berada di Kota Surabaya. Informan sebagai subjek penelitian dipilih dengan cara snowball dan diperoleh sebanyak lima informan. Teori atau perspektif teoritis yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah kerangka teori dramaturgi oleh Erving Goffman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kehidupan sosial remaja pengguna NAPZA memiliki perbedaan sikap dan perilaku pada saat berada di lingkungan sekolah dan di lingkungan rumah untuk menutupi identitas bahwa dirinya merupakan seorang pengguna. Manajemen kesan pun dilakukan dengan sebaik mungkin seperti tidak akan membocorkan identitas diri pada orang yang baru dikenal. Berdasarkan hasil temuan data cenderung mampu membedakan sikap dan perilaku, bahwa remaja pengguna NAPZA dalam berperilaku dalam lingkungan kelompok pengguna dan di luar kelompok pengguna NAPZA.
Modeling Hot Water Bath Treatment of Fruit Using Lateral Method of Lines in SCILAB
Authors: Garnadi Agah Drajat , Lestari Prasetyaning Diah R.
Published: June 2020

One of essential procedure nowadays to analyze a dynamic process in Science and Engineering is Computational modeling. Most of dynamic processes are distributed parameter systems, i.e., systems with state variables depend on the number of independent variables (such as space and time) which are expressed by a set of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Lateral method of lines is a method which used for solving PDEs numerically by solving a set of boundary value problems sequentially. The aim is to report the development of PDE toolbox based on SCILAB. This paper provides users with a method that is very easy to understand in the applications related to dynamic process. The method uses a SCILAB template to develop numerical simulations in the new field. In this paper, a model of tropical fruit heat treatment for decimating insect is presented. The illustration will be given to show how the lateral method of line template works to solve the problem.
Generating Input Data for Microstructure Modelling: A Deep Learning Approach Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Pütz Felix , Henrich Manuel , Fehlemann Niklas , Roth Andreas , Münstermann Sebastian
Published: June 2020

For the generation of representative volume elements a statistical description of the relevant parameters is necessary. These parameters usually describe the geometric structure of a single grain. Commonly, parameters like area, aspect ratio and slope of the grain relative to the rolling direction are applied. However, usually simple distribution functions like log normal or gamma distribution are used. Yet, these do not take the interdependencies between the microstructural parameters into account. To fully describe any metallic microstructure though, these interdependencies between the singular parameters need to be accounted for. To accomplish this representation, a machine learning approach was applied in this study. By implementing a Wasserstein generative adversarial network, the distribution, as well as the interdependencies could accurately be described. A validation scheme was applied to verify the excellent match between microstructure input data and synthetically generated output data.
A Novel Method to Calculate Objects’ Apparent Size
Authors: Lo Cascio Ermanno
Published: June 2020

The angular diameter is the angle subtended by a generic object – an apple or a star – to the eye of an observer, and it describes how large the object appears from a given viewpoint. The angular diameter represents a powerful tool for distance calculations starting from directly measurable information and it finds application in several contexts varying from cosmography to architecture. In this article, the author proposes a novel equation to calculate the apparent diameter of whatever object. This equation defines a relation between the initial distance R0 at which the observed object is located and the object’s apparent diameter. Based on the preliminary tests conducted, the model seems to faithfully portrait this relation with respect to measured values, also at the astronomical scale, thus considering the Earth-Moon distance, where, the absolute error detected is about 0.56%. The tests highlighted also a dependency between the results accuracy and the measurement conditions suggesting a high level of sensibility linked to the initial magnification effect produced by the retina or the artificial lens employed.
SARS-CoV2 Envelope Protein: Non-Synonymous Mutations and Its Consequences
Authors: Hassan Sk Sarif , Pal Choudhury Pabitra , Roy Bidyut
Published: June 2020

In the NCBI database, as on June 6, 2020, total number of available complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV2 across the world is 3617. The envelope protein of SARS-CoV2 possesses several non-synonymous mutations over the transmembrane domain and (C)-terminus in 0.414\% of these 3617 genomes. The C-terminus motif DLLV has been changed to DFLV and YLLV in the proteins QJR88103 (Australia: Victoria) and QKI36831 (China: Guangzhou) respectively, which might affect the binding of this motif with the host protein PALS1.
Analysis on the Evolution of the Effective Geff from Linear Nash-Green Fluctuations
Authors: Capistrano Abraao J.S. , Cabral Luís A. , Marão José A. P. F. , Coimbra-Araújo Carlos H.
Published: June 2020

From the linear Nash-Green fluctuations of background metric, we present the perturbation equations in an embedded four space-time. In the context of a five-dimensional bulk, we show that the perturbations are only propagated by the gravitational tensorial field equation. In a Newtonian conformal gauge, we study the matter density evolution in sub-horizon regime and on how such scale may be affected by the extrinsic curvature. We use the "extended Gold 2018'' growth dataset with 25 datapoints and the best fit Planck2018/LambdaCDM parameters. Hence, we determine the evolution equation for the density growth delta(a) as a result from the embedded equations of the background geometry. By using solar constraints, we analyse the evolution of the effective Newtonian constant Geff and showing that applying Taylor expansion to Geff (a) under the constraint of time-derivative of Geff(0)=G at a= 1 in matter domination era, we get an agreement with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and also an alleviation of the 3-sigma tension to 1-sigma contour between (sigma8-Omegam) of the observations from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Large Scale Structure (LSS) probes.
Genomic Variations and Signatures of Selection in Wuhua Yellow Chicken
Authors: Weng Zhuoxian , Xu Yongjie , Li Weina , Chen Jiebo , Zhong Ming , Zhong Fusheng , Du Bingwang , Zhang Bin , Huang Xunhe
Published: June 2020

Chickens have extensive phenotypic variation. The Wuhua yellow chicken (WHYC) is an important traditional yellow-feathered chicken in China, characterized by white tail feathers, white flight feathers, and strong disease resistance. However, the genomic basis of traits associated with WHYC is still poorly understood. In this study, whole genome resequencing was performed with an average coverage of 20.77-fold to investigate heritable variation and identify selection signals in WHYC. Reads were mapped onto the chicken reference genome (Galgal5) with a coverage of 85.95%. After quality control, 11,953,471 SNPs and 1,069,574 InDels were obtained. In addition, 41,408 structural variants and 33,278 copy number variants were found. A comparative genomic analysis of WHYC and other yellow-feathered chicken showed that selected regions were enriched in genes involved in transport and catabolism, immune system, infectious diseases, signal transduction, and signaling molecules and interaction. Several genes associated with disease resistance were identified, including IFNA, IFNB, CD86, IL18, IL11RA, VEGFC, and ATG10. Furthermore, PMEL and TYRP1 may contribute to the coloring of white feathers in WHYC. These findings improve our understanding of the genetic characteristics of WHYC and may contribute to future breed improvement.
MFNR: Multi-Frame Method for Complete Noise Removal of all PDF Types in Multi-Dimensional Data Using KDE
Authors: Nazir Awais , Younis Muhammad Shahzad , Shahzad Muhammad Khurram
Published: June 2020

In research applications across several areas, noise removal is indispensable for accuracy of final results. Noise is caused due to physical principals, such as background electronic noise, quantum effect, and wave rebound effect to name a few. Noise removal can help improve results in medical, astronomy, defense, and numerous other fields. Addressing this limitation would result in potentially low cost, automatic, and reliable systems. In this paper, a generalized new approach i.e. Multi-Frame Noise Removal (MFNR) is proposed for noise removal. Given any type of data, the probability density function (PDF) of the noise can be determined. Herein, we extracted the noise PDF parameters using KDE (Kernel Density Estimation). Because the data is corrupted by “deterministic” noise, hence can be cleaned. This could be used as a general purpose noise removal tool. The data point with same position in multiple frames helps us determine the noise PDF characteristics and hence making it possible to remove noise. The conventional wisdom which states that noise removal and detail preservation are contrary to each other is not true for MFNR. Experimental results validate our proposed method which showed practically complete noise reduction based on number of frames used, as compared to existing benchmark methods.
Image Enhancement for In-Vivo Breast Cancer Screening Using DIET system
Authors: Nazir Awais , Younis Muhammad Shahzad , Shahzad Muhammad Khurram
Published: June 2020

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women. Conventional screening methods, such as mammography, and ultrasound diagnosis are expensive and have significant limitations. Digital Image Elasto Tomography (DIET) is a new noninvasive breast cancer screening system that has a potential to be a low cost and reliable breast cancer screening tool. It is based on modal analysis of the breast mass, and stereographic 3D image analysis to detect the stiffer abnormal tissues. However, camera sensor noise, especially Gaussian noise is a major source of Optical Flow (OF) error in this approach to tumor detection. This work studies the performance of different conventional filters, including the standard Gaussian filter tool to remove this noise and produce more robust screening results. A radical approach, Multiple Frame Noise Removal (MFNR) is proposed, for use in this type of medical image processing instead of a Gaussian filter or other typical image noise removal tools. Its a multiple frame noise removal method where Probability Density Function (PDF) of noise is extracted from the multiple images by characterizing the same pixel positions in multiple images. The noise becomes deterministic, and hence easily removed. The proposed algorithm was applied to a data set from 10 phantom breast tests with a prototype DIET system, and 10 in-vivo samples from healthy women. Comparisons were made to an optimal Gaussian filter form that is commonly used. Reductions in OF error using these digitally imaged data sets was used to compare performance. Refinement of the images for medical applications requires higher PSNR, which was successfully achieved by using MFNR algorithm. In this study, the algorithm was used to improve the imaging results of a DIET system. The conventional wisdom that states that noise removal and detail preservation are contrasting effects is
Modelling Design and Control of an Electromechanical Mass Lifting System Using Optimal and Robust Control Method
Authors: Jibril Mustefa , Tadese Messay , Alemayehu Eliyas
Published: June 2020

In this paper, an electromechanical mass lifter system is designed, analyzed and compare using optimal and robust control theories. LQR and μ -synthesis controllers are used to improve the lift displacement by comparison method for tracking the desired step and sinusoidal wave signals input. Finally, the comparison simulation result prove the effectiveness of the electromechanical mass lifter system with μ -synthesis controller for improving the rise time, percentage overshoot, settling time and peak value of tracking the desired step displacement signal and improving the peak value for tracking the desired sinusoidal displacement signal with a good performance.
Analisis Konsekuensi Ekonomi Akibat Kejahatan di Indonesia
Authors: Palokoto Tarina , Purwanti Evi Yulia , Mudakir Y. Bagio
Published: June 2020

Crime affects people’s decisions in carrying out economic activity. This study aims to analyze the influence of several crime typologies and non-crime variables on per capita Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and identify the existence of spatial dependencies of per capita GRDP in Indonesia. The study used cross section data with the Spatial Lag Model (SLM). The results show that there is a negative spatial autocorrelation in per capita GRDP. Murder and labor affect GRDP per capita negatively. Meanwhile, fraud, embezzlement, and corruption; local government expenditure, life expectancy, domestic investment, and foreign investment affect per capita GRDP positively per capita GRDP. ------------------------------------- Kejahatan memengaruhi keputusan masyarakat melakukan kegiatan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh dari beberapa tipologi kejahatan dan variabel nonkejahatan terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) per kapita serta mengidentifikasi adanya dependensi spasial dari PDRB per kapita di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data cross section dengan Spatial Lag Model (SLM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat autokorelasi spasial negatif pada PDRB per kapita. Kejahatan pembunuhan dan tenaga kerja memengaruhi PDRB per kapita secara negatif dan signifikan. Sementara itu, variabel kejahatan penipuan/perbuatan curang, penggelapan, dan korupsi; pengeluaran pemerintah daerah, angka harapan hidup, Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN), serta Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap PDRB per kapita.
Cervical Hyperextension Treated by Posterior Spinal Correction and Fusion in A Patient with Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Saito Wataru , Imura Takayuki , Miyagi Masayuki , Nakazawa Toshiyuki , Takaso Masashi , Inoue Gen
Published: June 2020

Case:

An 18-year-old man with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) noted difficulty of looking forward and discomfort swallowing and breathing because of his hyperextended neck. We treated his cervical deformity with posterior spinal correction and fusion alone. He underwent a tracheotomy because of lung function deterioration 2 years after cervical surgery. The tracheotomy was performed safely because the anterior cervical spine anatomy was normalized and soft tissues around trachea were preserved by the posterior cervical correction.

Conclusion:

Cervical hyperextension can be a problem in patients with UCMD. Posterior spinal correction and fusion may be a preferable solution.
Orthopaedic Conditions Associated with Aneurysms
Authors: Marrache Majd , Byers Peter H. , Sponseller Paul D.
Published: June 2020

» Orthopaedic surgeons are sometimes the first specialists encountered by patients with inherited conditions that predispose them to aneurysms. The skeletal features are evident, but the aneurysm is silent. Early recognition of the conditions associated with aneurysms can lead to effective treatment and minimize risks of morbidity and death.

» Marfan syndrome is characterized by abnormal fibrillin-1 protein and has a broad range of skeletal manifestations, including scoliosis, hindfoot deformity, arachnodactyly, pectus excavatum or carinatum deformity, dural ectasia, and acetabular protrusio. Aneurysm-associated complications are the leading cause of early morbidity and death in patients with Marfan syndrome.

» Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is caused by a disturbance in collagen biosynthesis most commonly resulting in joint hypermobility and skin abnormalities. Among the types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome presents the highest risk of vascular complications. Clubfoot and joint dislocations are common presenting symptoms in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

» Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a connective tissue disorder resulting in aortic root dilation and several skeletal manifestations, including scoliosis, cervical malformations, joint contractures, and foot deformities.
Factors Predictive of Prolonged Postoperative Narcotic Usage Following Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Lavoie-Gagne Ophelie , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Allen Answorth A. , Leroux Timothy , Lu Yining , Forsythe Brian
Published: June 2020

Background:

The purpose of this comprehensive review was to investigate risk factors associated with prolonged opioid use after orthopaedic procedures. A comprehensive review of the opioid literature may help to better guide preoperative management of expectations as well as opioid-prescribing practices.

Methods:

A systematic review of all studies pertaining to opioid use in relation to orthopaedic procedures was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Data from studies reporting on postoperative opioid use at various time points were collected. Opioid use and risk of prolonged opioid use were subcategorized by subspecialty, and aggregate data for each category were calculated.

Results:

There were a total of 1,445 eligible studies, of which 45 met inclusion criteria. Subspecialties included joint arthroplasty, spine, trauma, sports, and hand surgery. A total of 458,993 patients were included, including 353,330 (77%) prolonged postoperative opioid users and 105,663 (23%) non-opioid users. Factors associated with prolonged postoperative opioid use among all evaluated studies included body mass index (BMI) of ≥40 kg/m2 (relative risk [RR], 1.06 to 2.32), prior substance abuse (RR, 1.08 to 3.59), prior use of other medications (RR, 1.01 to 1.46), psychiatric comorbidities (RR, 1.08 to 1.54), and chronic pain conditions including chronic back pain (RR, 1.01 to 10.90), fibromyalgia (RR, 1.01 to 2.30), and migraines (RR, 1.01 to 5.11). Age cohorts associated with a decreased risk of prolonged postoperative opioid use were those ≥31 years of age for hand procedures (RR, 0.47 to 0.94), ≥50 years of age for total hip arthroplasty (RR, 0.70 to 0.80), and ≥70 years of age for total knee arthroplasty (RR, 0.40 to 0.80). Age cohorts associated with an increased risk of prolonged postoperative opioid use were those ≥50 years of age for sports procedures (RR, 1.11 to 2.57) or total shoulder arthroplasty (RR, 1.26 to 1.40) and those ≥70 years of age for spine procedures (RR, 1.61). Identified risk factors for postoperative use were similar across subspecialties.

Conclusions:

We provide a comprehensive review of the various preoperative and postoperative risk factors associated with prolonged opioid use after elective and nonelective orthopaedic procedures. Increased BMI, prior substance abuse, psychiatric comorbidities, and chronic pain conditions were most commonly associated with prolonged postoperative opioid use. Careful consideration of elective surgical intervention for painful conditions and perioperative identification of risk factors within each patient’s biopsychosocial context will be essential for future modulation of physician opioid-prescribing patterns.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
SECTORAL ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF ISLAMIC BANKS TO THE MALAYSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Indrawan Imam Wahyudi , Rahman Maya Puspa
Published: June 2020

Malaysia is a well-known Islamic finance hub with a growth trend in its Islamic financial assets. The growth of the Malaysian economy since independence has also been commendable, with a rising contribution from Islamic banking and finance. This study offers a different perspective by undertaking a sectoral analysis on the impact of Islamic banks in Malaysia. It aims to fill the gap in the literature by investigating how Islamic bank financing (IBF) affects economic growth in Malaysia, both overall and at the sectoral level. Three sectors are observed in this study: agriculture, industry and services. Both long-run and short-run analyses are undertaken for the data period 2007Q1 to 2018Q4. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is utilised where IBF is found to significantly and positively affect the economic growth of Malaysia, at the overall and sectoral level. Nonetheless, there is a negative relationship in the agriculture sector and no cointegration in the industry sector. The results of this study are expected to provide insights for policymakers in encouraging more optimalIslamic financing to economic sectors in Malaysia.
INVESTIGATING ZAKAT PAYMENT OF THAI MUSLIMS
Authors: Boonyamanond Sawarai , Chaiwat Papusson
Published: June 2020

This study examines Zakat payment among Thai Muslims whose wealth exceeds the minimum threshold (Nisab), thus are obliged to pay Zakat. It attempts to assess whether the amount of Zakat paid fulfils the requirement and to determine the amount of Zakat overpaid or underpaid, based on 2.5% of zakatable wealth, as measured by income from different sources. Using 460 questionnaires collected from Thai Muslims aged 15 years old and over who pay Zakat in 2015, this study employs a two-part model, in which the first part analyses the probability of fulfilling or not fulfilling an obligation to fully pay Zakat using the Multinomial Logit method of estimation, while the second part deals with the amount of Zakat overpaid/underpaid by using the Ordinary Least Square. It is found that the probability of fulfilling the required Zakat will increase and the amount of Zakat underpaid will decrease, if a person pays Zakat more than once a year, or the value of net assets of a person increases. In addition, for those whose Zakat payment is already higher than the amount required, trust and accountability of intermediate institutions or individuals who manage Zakat will positively affect the amount of Zakat overpaid considerably. Therefore, official organisations responsible for collecting, and distributing Zakat at the community, provincial, regional as well as national levels should be established with integrity, transparency, and good governance so that people would be encouraged to pay more Zakat and the lives of those in need can be lifted accordingly.
A META-ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE : CASE BASED EVIDENCE FROM INDIA
Authors: Irfan Mohammad
Published: June 2020

This study examines Islamic microfinance as an important contributor to both the economic and human development of India. We are aware that conventional microfinance products have flourished in India; however, these products do not fulfil the needs of all Muslim clients. Taking small glimpses of Islamic microfinance (IMF),we can say it is working successfully in Muslim countries. From the meta-analysis we classify the literature into seven categories, viz. social benefits, religious values, business enterprises, poverty alleviation, sustainable development, rural development and economic development. The contribution of research papers has risen across the literature review and there has been a sharp rise in new facts pertaining to Islamic microfinance in India. As a diagnostic check, all seven factors of the meta-analysis of IMF contain evidence for the case study of India. Bait-un-Nasr is an urban co-operative credit society, located in Mumbai, India that has practised all of the factors extracted by the meta-analysis. This paper provides a roster of emerging projects accompaniedby a comprehensive review of literature that will be useful to both academicians and practitioners for studying existing research and contemporary future research.
CAN ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE ALLEVIATES POVERTY IN INDONESIA? AN INVESTIGATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Ginanjar Adhitya , Kassim Salina
Published: June 2020

This study examines the poverty alleviation efforts undertaken by the Islamic microfinance institutions (IMFIs) in Indonesia. We focused on the role played by the IMFIs in view of their direct involvements in the process of dealing with the borrowers, and their better understanding about the financial inclusion agenda as well as the financial guidelines and regulations issued by the relevant authorities. In methodology, a total of 34 managers of Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMTs) were taken as respondents from the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi (JABODETABEK) areas. A two-step approach was adopted in arriving at enriching findings: first, a survey questionnaire was distributed to the respondents, and subsequently, an in-depth interview was conducted to outline data related to the model design. The findings of this study highlight specific dimensions to improve financial inclusion among the poor. Apart from providing important inputs for better decision-making for the BMTs to further enhance its role in poverty alleviation, this study suggests a variety of strategies to warrant success of poverty alleviation efforts by BMT.
Geografia do COVID-19 no Território Tocantinense
Authors: Ferracini Rosemberg , Naves Witer , Alves da Luz Rodolfo
Published: June 2020

O manuscrito que se segue faz parte de dois trabalhos em desenvolvimento: Acesso à saúde e equidade racial no Tocantins e Territorialidades do COVID-19 e a precariedade dos sistemas objetos no combate a epidemia. Temos como objetos dar visibilidade aos conceitos geográficos que envolvem diretamente a população do território tocantinense.
Trends in the incidence of diabetes mellitus: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 and implications for diabetes mellitus prevention
Authors: Liu Jinli , Ren Zhen-Hu , Qiang Hua , Wu Jine , Shen Mingwang , Zhang Lei , Lyu Jun
Published: June 2020

Backgroud: Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease and a severe public health issue. The incidence trends for type 1 diabetes (TIDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have rarely been studied on a global scale. We aimed to determine the temporal and geographical trends of diabetes globally.Methods: Data on diabetes mellitus, including incidence, prevalence from 1990 to 2017 were obtained from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of diabetes mellitus according to sex, region, and disease type.Results: The worldwide incident cases of diabetes mellitus has increased by 102.9% from 11,303,084 cases in 1990 to 22,935,630 cases in 2017 worldwide, while the ASR increased from 233.58/100,000 persons (95% UI, 218.95–249.37) to 284.56/100,000 persons (95% UI, 262.17–309.71) in this period [EAPC=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.79–0.96]. The global ASRs of T1DM and T2DM both demonstrated significant increase during 1990-2017, with EAPCs of 0.34 (95% CI:0.30–0.39) and 0.89 (95% CI:0.80–0.97), respectively. The ASR trends also varied considerably by regions and countries. The increase in ASR was greatest in high sociodemographic index regions (EAPC=1.05, 95% CI:0.92–1.17) and lowest in low-SDI regions (EAPC=0.79, 95% CI:0.71–0.88). Conclusions: Both the number of incident cases and ASR of diabetes mellitus increased significantly during 1990-2017 worldwide, but the temporal trends varied markedly across regions and countries.
Discrimination by parity is a prerequisite for assessing induction of labour outcome – cross-sectional study
Authors: Denona Branko , Foley Michael , Mahony Rhona , Robson Michael
Published: June 2020

Background: To demonstrate that studies on induction of labour should be analyzed by parity as there is a significant difference in the labour outcome among induced nulliparous and multiparous women Methods: Obstetric outcome, specifically caesarean section rates, among induced term nulliparous and multiparous women without a previous caesarean section were analyzed in this cross-sectional study [BD1] using the Robson 10 group classification2 for the year 2016.Results: In the total number of 8851 women delivered in 2016[BD2] , the caesarean section rates among nulliparous women in spontaneous and induced labour, Robson groups 1 and 2A, were 7.8% (151/1925) and 32.6% (437/1339) respectively and among multiparous (excluding those women with a previous caesarean section), Robson group 3 and 4A were 1%(24/2389) and 4.4% (44/1005), respectively. Pre labour caesarean rates for nulliparous and multiparous women, Robson groups 2B and 4B2 were 3.9% (133/3397) and 2.8% (100/3494), of the respective single cephalic cohort at term.Conclusion: The data suggests that studies on induction of labour should be analyzed by parity as there is a significant difference between nulliparous and multiparous women.
Frequency of Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: CUNHA MIRELLA ALVES , CELESTE BEATRIZ , KESPER NORIVAL , FUGIMORI MAHYUMI , LAGO MARIANNA MARTINS , IBANES ALINE SANTOS , OUKI LILIAN MITIKO , NETO EUDES ALVES SIMÕES , FONSECA FERNANDA FERNANDES , SILVA MARIA ALMERICE LOPES , JUNIOR WALTER LINS BARBOSA , LINDOSO JOSE ANGELO LAULETTA
Published: June 2020

Background: There is little information about the frequency of Leishmania infection in asymptomatic people living with HIV (PLWH) and about the performance of laboratory diagnostic methods in coinfected patients in Latin America. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of Leishmania spp. infection in HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil. Methods: To detect Leishmania infection, diagnostic tests were performed to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies (ELISA using Leptomonas seymouri antigens; ELISA using rK39 antigens; ELISA using rK28 antigens; indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT); direct agglutination test (DAT)) and Leishmania DNA (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the target genes kDNA and ITS-1). Results: The frequency of at least one positive test was 15%. For ELISA using Leptomonas antigens and IFAT, there was an association between CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and test positivity, with a higher positivity of these tests in more immunosuppressed patients (CD4+ T cell count < 200/mm3). Conclusions: According to our data, there was a high prevalence of Leishmania spp. infections in this population living with HIV. Although there is the possibility of cross-reaction, some tests that are considered highly specific for the diagnosis of Leishmania infection were positive. There was also an association between the positivity of some tests studied and lower values of CD4+ T lymphocytes.
H19 gene polymorphisms and Wilms tumor risk in Chinese children: a four-center case-control study
Authors: Li Wenya , Hua Rui-Xi , Wang Mi , Zhang Da , Zhu Jinhong , Zhang Songyang , Yang Yang , Cheng Jiwen , Zhou Haixia , Zhang Jiao , He Jing
Published: June 2020

Background Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal cancer. However, genetic bases behind Wilms tumor remain largely unknown. H19 is a critical maternally imprinted gene. Previous studies indicated that nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the H19 can modify the risk of several human malignancies. Epigenetic errors at the H19 locus lead to biallele silencing in Wilms tumors. Genetic variations in the H19 may be related to Wilms tumor susceptibility. Methods We conducted a four-center study to investigate whether H19 SNPs was a predisposing factor to Wilms tumor. Three polymorphisms in the H19 (rs2839698 G>A, rs3024270 C>G, rs217727 G>A) were genotyped in 355 cases and 1070 cancer-free controls, using Taqman method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations. Results We found that all of these three polymorphisms were significantly associated with Wilms tumor risk alterations. Carriers of 1, 2 and 1-2 risk genotypes were inclined to develop Wilms tumor compared with those without risk genotype (adjusted OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.02-1.80, P=0.037; adjusted OR=1.84, 95% CI=1.27-2.67, P=0.001; adjusted OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.17-1.92, P=0.002, respectively). The stratified analysis further revealed that rs2839698 AA, rs217727 AA, and 1-2 risk genotypes could strongly increase Wilms tumor risk among male patients above 18 months of age.Conclusion Our findings indicate that genetic variations in the H19 may confer Wilms tumor risk.
Glutamate-Glutamine Homeostasis is Perturbed in Neurons and Astrocytes derived from Patient iPSC Models of Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Aldana Blanca Irene , Zhang Yu , Jensen Pia , Chandrasekaran Abinaya , Christensen Sofie Kjellerup , Nielsen Troels Tolstrup , Nielsen Jørgen , Hyttel Poul , Larsen Martin Røssel , Waagepetersen Helle , Freude Kristine Karla
Published: June 2020

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is amongst the most prevalent early onset dementias and even though it is clinically, pathologically and genetically heterogeneous, a crucial involvement of metabolic perturbations in FTD pathology is being recognized. However, changes in metabolism at the cellular level, implicated in FTD and in neurodegeneration in general, are still poorly understood. Here we generate induced human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patients carrying mutations in CHMP2B (FTD3) and isogenic controls generated via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing with subsequent neuronal and glial differentiation and characterization. FTD3 neurons show a dysregulation of glutamate-glutamine related metabolic pathways mapped by 13C-labelling coupled to mass spectrometry. FTD3 astrocytes show increased uptake of glutamate whilst glutamate metabolism is largely maintained. Using quantitative proteomics and live-cell metabolic analyses, we elucidate molecular determinants and functional alterations of neuronal and glial energy metabolism in FTD3. Importantly, correction of the mutations rescues such pathological phenotypes. Notably, these findings implicate dysregulation of key enzymes crucial for glutamate-glutamine homeostasis in FTD3 pathogenesis which may underlie vulnerability to neurodegeneration.
Individualized Implant: A surgical advice for rotational stability and additional proximal locking of the Fassier-Duval telescoping nail
Authors: Schiedel Frank M
Published: June 2020

Background When stabilizing fractures and osteotomies in growing patients with special conditions of the long bones, the use of the Fassier-Duval nail as intended by the manufacturer (Pega Medical, Quebec, Canada) [1], shows that one problem with passive telescopic nails has not yet been solved. No stability in the rotation can be achieved. Postoperative to immobilize with plaster casts are obsolete in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, as additional osteopenia due to immobilization must be feared. Especially with fractures and osteotomies in proximal femur long leg spica casts are a torture to patients and caregivers. Methods By experience in different surgical procedures in usage of the Fassier-Duval nailing system a technical solution for rotational stability of the nail as well as for locking of the nail in the proximal and distal physis could be developed. Results A transverse slot can be cutted in all available diameters of the female parts to make the FD nail rotationally stable. A proximal locking hole can be drilled individually by the surgeon on the operating table. The technical solution to the problems is presented in two exemplary cases in this article.Conclusions Rotational stability and additional proximal locking options can be achieved by additionally individualization of the Fassier-Duval telescoping nail during surgery.
The origin and spread of CRF85_BC, driven by heterosexual transmission among older people in Sichuan, China
Authors: Su Ling , Feng Yi , Liang Shu , Zeng Yali , Li Yiping , Yang Hong , Li Ye , Wang Qiushi , Wei Dongbin , Yuan Dan , Lai Wenhong , Zhang Linglin
Published: June 2020

Background: CRF_BC recombinants, including CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, were considered the predominant subtypes in China. Since the discovery of HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF 85_BC in Southwest China in 2016, this BC recombinant forms had been reported in different regions of China. However, the history and magnitude of CRF85_BC transmission were still to be investigated. Method: We conducted the most recent molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among newly reported HIV-1 infected patients in Sichuan in 2019 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 1291 pol sequences. Then, we used maximum likelihood approach and the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of pol sequences to reconstruct the phylogeographic and demographic dynamics of the CRF85_BC.Results: HIV-1 CRF85_BC (68/1291, 5.27%) became the fourth most prevalent strain revealing a significant increase in local population. CRF85_BC were only found in heterosexually infected individuals and the majority of CRF85_BC (95.45%) were circulating among the people living with HIV aged 50 years and over (PLHIV50+), suggesting a unique prevalent pattern. The founder lineages of CRF85_BC were likely to have first emerged in Yunnan, a province of Southwest China bordering Sichuan, in the early 2000s. It then spread exponentially to various places (including Guangxi, Sichuan, et al) and became endemic around 2008.6 (2006.7-2010.2) in Sichuan. Conclusion: Taken together, our ﬁndings on HIV-1 subtype CRF85_BC infections provided new insights into the spread of this virus and extended the understanding of the HIV epidemic in China.