bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Analysis of Diphtheria Disease Transmission with Vaccination, Quarantine, and Hand-Washing Behavior
Authors: Rahmi Nur , Pratama Muh. Isbar
Published: June 2023

Recently, diphtheria outbreaks occur in many countries. According to the latest data from the World Health Organization, the number of registered cases and incidence of diphtheria in 2021 will be 8,638 cases worldwide. Diphtheria is generally an acute respiratory infection with most infections being asymptomatic or having a relatively slight clinical course. However, many sufferers are afflicted by breathing obstruction. In this study, we developed and analyzed the diphtheria spread model by considering transmission by contact with an exposed and infected individual, progression for vaccinated exposed individuals becoming infected, quarantine for both exposed and infected people, and hand-washing behavior. Besides that, we proved the stability analysis around the equilibrium points and did the numerical simulations of models. The results of this study show that the model system has two steady states, namely disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. The disease-free equilibrium is stable if the basic reproduction number is less than one, either is unstable. The endemic equilibrium exists and is stable if the basic reproduction number is greater than one. The numerical simulations show that there is a significant effect of vaccination, quarantine, and hand-washing behavior for infected numbers, respectively. Vaccination, quarantine, and hand-washing behavior could significantly reduce the basic reproductive and the infected number. Whereas vaccination for exposed people could increase the basic reproductive and the infected number.
DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI BERBASIS JELAJAH ALAM SEKITAR DALAM MENUMBUHKAN BUDAYA PEDULI LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Nanti Sri , Asmendri Asmendri
Published: June 2023

Abstrak: Untuk memahami materi Biologi tidak cukup dengan memahami materi secara teoritis saja, akan tetapi untuk memahami lebih jauh tentang ilmu Biologi haruslah diiringi dengan pemahaman yang didapatkan dari kegiatan praktik ataupun pengamatan objek secara lansung, karena sangat efektif dalam membantu pencapaian ranah pengetahuan secara keseluruhan yaitu menerapkan teori yang sudah dipelajari, merencanakan kegiatan secara mandiri (ranah afektif) dan menggunakan  instrumen didalam kegiatan praktik (ranah psikomotor). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana sebuah pembelajaran Biologi yang didesain berorientasi pada kegiatan jelajah alam sekitar sebagai sarana praktik dan sumber belajar dapat menumbuhkan kepedulian peserta didik terhadap lingkungannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi Pustaka dari berbagai sumber literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan lingkungan alam sekitar sebagai sumber belajar dapat membantu memperkuat pemahaman peserta didik terhadap materi Biologi dan semakin menambah kepedulian peserta didik terhadap lingkungannya.Abstract: To understand Biology material, it is not enough to understand the material theoretically, but to understand more about Biology it must be accompanied by understanding obtained from practical activities or direct observation of objects, because it is very effective in helping to achieve the overall realm of knowledge, namely applying theory. what has been learned, planning activities independently (affective domain) and using instruments in practical activities (psychomotor domain). This study aims to see how a biology lesson designed to be oriented towards exploring the surrounding nature as a practical means and learning resource can foster students' awareness of their environment. This research uses the library study method from various literature sources. The results showed that the use of the natural environment as a learning resource can help strengthen students' understanding of Biology material and increase students' awareness of their environment.
LncRNA HCG18 loaded by polymorphonuclear neutrophil-secreted exosomes aggravates sepsis acute lung injury by regulating macrophage polarization
Authors: Zhu LiJun , Yu YuLong , Wang HuiJun , Wang MingCang , Chen MinJuan
Published: June 2023

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) exert significant roles in septic acute lung injury (ALI). Accumulating evidence suggests that PMN-derived exosomes (PMN-exo) are a novel subcellular entity that is the fundamental link between PMN-driven inflammation and tissue damage. However, the role of PMN-exo in septic ALI and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α), a key regulator of innate immunity in septic ALI, was used to induce PMN activation in vitro. Using an in vitro co-culture system, the rat alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383 was co-cultured with TNF- α-stimulated PMN-released exosomes (TNF- α-exo) to further confirm the results of the in vitro studies and explore the underlying mechanisms involved. A septic lung injury model was established by cecal ligation and puncture surgery, and PMN-exo were injected into septic mice through the tail vein, and then lung injury, inflammatory release, macrophage polarization, and apoptosis were examined. The results reported that TNF- α-exo promoted the activation of M1 macrophages after i.p. injection in vivo or co-culture in vitro. Furthermore, TNF- α-exo affected alveolar macrophage polarization by delivering HCG18. Mechanistic studies indicated that HCG18 mediated the function of TNF- α-exo by targeting IL-32 in macrophages. In addition, tail vein injection of si-HCG18 in septic mice significantly reduced TNF- α-exo-induced M1 macrophage activation and lung macrophage death, as well as histological lesions. In conclusion, TNF- α-exo-loaded HCG18 contributes to septic ALI by regulating macrophage polarization. These findings may provide new insights into novel mechanisms of PMN-macrophage polarization interactions in septic ALI and may provide new therapeutic strategies for patients with sepsis.
To Sleep to Dream … No More? The Quest for Restorative Sleep in Huntington’s Disease, a Clinician’s Perspective
Authors: Rosas Herminia Diana
Published: June 2023

Sleep disorders are common in Huntington’s disease (HD) but are complex; their bi-directional associations with psychiatric, cognitive, and motor dysfunction makes them especially important to both consider and to treat. The author provides a perspective in brief regarding sleep disturbances in HD, based on her experience caring for, and learning from, patients with HD for more than twenty years.
Varieties of ‘new normal’: Employment experiences among youth with and without disabilities during the reopening stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fuentes Kristina , Ragunathan Sharmigaa , Lindsay Sally
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND: Working and volunteering in the reopening stages of the COVID-19 pandemic has looked different depending on the location, employment sector and nature of the job. Although researchers have begun exploring the impacts on adults, little is known about what the transition to a ‘new normal’ in the reopening stages has been like for youth, especially those with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To explore and compare the experiences and perspectives of youth with and without disabilities who were working, volunteering or seeking work during the re-opening stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. METHODS: We used a qualitative design involving semi-structured interviews with 16 youth (seven with a disability, nine without), aged 15–29 (mean 22 years). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Five main themes were identified: (1) Mixed views on being onsite in the reopening stages; (2) Mixed views on remaining remote; (3) Hybrid model as the best of both worlds; (4) Mixed views on COVID-19 workplace safety in the reopening stages; and (5) Hopes, dreams and advice for the future. Apart from the first main theme, there were more similarities than differences between youth with and without disabilities. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights that youth encountered various work and volunteer arrangements during the reopening stages of the pandemic, and the personal preferences for particular models depend largely on their employment sector. The areas of agreement among youth highlight some longer-term impacts of the pandemic shutdowns and point to the need for greater mental health and career supports.
نگاهی‌ به ویژگیهای قهرمانى رُستَم وسيف بن ذى يزن در دو اثر حماسی: شاهنامه فردوسی وسيره ملک سیف بن ذی یزن
Authors: ALBAKOUR Moustafa
Published: June 2023

بررسی تطبیقی ادبیات فارسى و عربى، به‌ ویژه در حوزه ادبيات حماسى یا قهرمانى، یکی از پیچیده‌ترین و جذاب‌ترین بخش‌های ادبیات تطبیقی است. مقاله حاضر به بررسی دیدگاه‌های مختلف در زمینه ویژگی‌های قهرمان وعناصر حماسه فارسی وسيره شعبى عربی با تكيه بر شاهنامه حكيم ابو القاسم فردوسی و سیره ملک سیف بن ذی یزن پرداخته است. این نوشتار با مقایسه ویژگی‌های رُستَم وملك سیف بن ذی یزن، دو قهرمان این دو اثر حماسی فارسى و عربى روشن کرده است که به‌ رغم برتری زبانی، سبکی و ساختاری شاهنامه بر سیره ملك سیف ‌بن ذی یزن، اشتراکات زیادی به لحاظ مضمونی و نیز ویژگی‌های قهرمانی، به‌ ویژه از نظر ارزش‌های اخلاقی، در این دو اثر یافت می‌شود. همچنین، تفاوت‌های این دو اثر را افزون بر ویژگی‌های سبکی مولف، می‌ توان به متفاوت بودن اوضاع اجتماعی، دینی، فکری و تاریخی دو ملت فارس وعرب و آرمان‌های آنها نسبت داد
Methodological Foundations of Historographic Research of the Postwar Ukrainian SSR Industry (1946-1965)
Authors:   Department of History V. O. Sukhomlynskyi National University of Mykolaiv, Ukraine, Bondar Yuliia
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes the methodological foundations of the historiographic research of the postwar Ukrainian SSR industry (1946-1965). The author substantiates the use of hermeneutics as the main philosophical approach and proves the necessity of applying a list of historical and conditionally special historiographical principles and methods.
History of Everyday Life as a Component of the School History Course
Authors:   Department of History V. Sukhomlynskyi National University of Mykolaiv, Ukraine, Nefodov Dmytro
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the history of everyday life as a component of the school history course. The author infers that mastering knowledge about the everyday life of people of another historical era allows us to avoid a simplistic and schematic attitude to the past. At the same time, a specific feature of school history in the first decades of the twenty-first century is the direct connection of historical local history with the events of everyday life in the past. The study of the history of everyday life makes it possible to illuminate the life of both a social group, a stratum, an individual family, and the entire state and civilization. The main subject of studying the history of everyday life is ordinary people’s everyday life, changes in their lives and changes in themselves that occur in time and space. The history of everyday life is the core of social history, as it considers human life as a subject of the historical process. Its study creates opportunities to better understand social processes and changes in society around the world.
Anatomy of Pedilanthus tithymaloides with Special Reference to Laticifers
Authors:   Professor, Department of Botany, SMCC Government College, Abu Road, Rajasthan, India., Rani Anshu , Kumar Ashwani ,   Professor, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Published: June 2023

Plant latex is a sap that is exuded from damaged vein. It is kept in a tissue specialized in exuding latex called laticifer and is kept inside laticifer cells. It works as an efficient defence system against herbivorous insects. Laticifer is a general term applied to a large and heterogenous group of cell types. In Pedilanthus tithymaloides the laticifers are an elongated; anastomosing network of cells which are non-articulated branched and are commonly located in the outer part of the vascular cylinder. Laticifers extend throughout the length of the plants.
Orchid Diversity in Community Managed Subtropical Forests in Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, Northeast India
Authors:   Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India., Hussain Mir Aabid , Borah Rajib ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India., Kharbuli Nellie V. ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India., Lasushe Khrote-u ,   Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India., Deori Chaya ,   Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong, Meghalaya, India., Chaudhury Gunjana ,   Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India., Upadhaya Krishna ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India., Choudhury Hiranjit ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
Published: June 2023

The present study was carried out to investigate the orchid diversity in community managed subtropical broad-leaved forests in Khasi Hills of Meghalaya. A total of 87 community forests were surveyed in Khasi Hills. The study revealed the presence of 123 species belonging to 54 genera. The highest numbers of species (66) were recorded in sacred forests, followed by reserved (51) and village (32) forests. Majority of the recorded species (87) were epiphytic and 36 were terrestrial. Of all the species, 28 (22.76%) were recorded as endemic and 12 (9.76%) were rare. Dendrobium with 19 species was the dominant genera followed by Coelogyne with 11 species. Owing to a number of anthropogenic disturbances followed by habitat loss, these species are subjected to continuous threat, hence warrants immediate conservation actions. Therefore, it is suggested that mass propagation, through conventional and tissue culture techniques should be adopted to conserve the dwindling orchid diversity of the state.
Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Seed Germination Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Bark Extract of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.
Authors:   Department of Botany, SIES College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Sion (W), Mumbai, India., Nair Sumita , Tutakne Neeraja ,   Department of Botany, SIES College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Sion (W), Mumbai, India.
Published: June 2023

Nanotechnology, an emerging scientific domain promises potential applications in varied sectors. Currently, research in nanotechnology focuses on the optimization of nanoparticle synthesis. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an economic and non-toxic alternative to conventional methods. In the present study, aqueous bark extract of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. was used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV-Visible Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of AgNPs with an absorption Surface Plasmon peak at 450nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs and bark extract were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for determining the functional groups in phytochemicals that act as reducing and capping agents in the synthesis process. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis denotes that AgNPs were predominantly spherical, with an average size of 18.84 ± 2.28nm. The bark extract was evaluated qualitatively by preliminary phytochemical screening. Antioxidant potential of biosynthesized AgNPs and bark extract were analyzed using the DPPH method in which biosynthesized AgNPs showed significant free radical scavenging potential. Antibacterial properties of biosynthesized AgNPs were analysed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biosynthesized AgNPs and bark extract were also checked for Germination Percentage, Germination Speed Index and Seedling Vigor Index on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Moong (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) seeds. The present study infers that Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. act as a potential source of green synthesis of AgNPs and may help to build a resilient system for its commercial applications in various fields.
Anthocyanins as Natural Plant-derived Antifungal Agents
Authors:   K.M.E Society’s G. M. Momin Women’s College, Bhiwandi, Maharashtra, India., Vaishali Nirmalkar , Shahana Ansari ,   K.M.E Society’s G. M. Momin Women’s College, Bhiwandi, Maharashtra, India., Asfiya Shaikh ,   K.M.E Society’s G. M. Momin Women’s College, Bhiwandi, Maharashtra, India., Naziya Momin ,   K.M.E Society’s G. M. Momin Women’s College, Bhiwandi, Maharashtra, India.
Published: June 2023

Anthocyanins are polyphenolic compounds found as natural pigments in various parts of plants that share the same diphenyl propane skeleton (C6C3C6) and are collectively known as flavonoids. They are water-soluble pigments responsible for the blue, purple, and red color of various plant parts and are particularly abundant in fruits, flowers, and vegetables. These pigments are natural colorants that are low to non-toxic. They also show antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and food preservative properties. This study aims to perform in vitro analysis of the antifungal activity of anthocyanins extracted from different plant materials. Anthocyanins were extracted in acetone and acidified methanol. For qualitative determination of anthocyanins, thin layer chromatography was used whereas for quantitative determination pH differential method was used. The antifungal potential of anthocyanins was determined using the MIC and agar well diffusion methods against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. Acetone extract exhibited higher antifungal potential compared to acidified methanol extract against both fungal strains. It is suggested that anthocyanins, being strong antifungal agents, can be used to prevent fungal spoilage and deterioration of processed foods.
Sacred Groves: A Novice Idea for Carbon Sequestration
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, KSKV Kachchh University, Bhuj, Gujarat, India., Malsatar Alpesh , Mehta PK ,   Assistant Professor, Government Science College, Mandvi, Gujarat, India.
Published: June 2023

The daily anthropogenic advancements of humans have led to an increase in global carbon emissions. Every year, there has been an increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. One of the least expensive ways to minimize this gap is by biological carbon sequestration in plants. Ecosystems of forests are the most significant carbon sinks among terrestrial ecosystems and have long-term sustainable impacts on limiting climate change. Sacred groves are known as the small patches of conserved forests protected by man’s spiritual beliefs and cultural practices. These sacred forest patches were studied from the ecological, environmental and floristic point of view by several research workers. Due to their religious and mythological myths and beliefs, sacred groves and sacred plants are conserved well. Apart from being conserved, these sacred plants can also have a higher potential for carbon sequestration. The total biomass and carbon sequestrated in the Sacred tree species have been estimated using a non-destructive method. The main focus of the current article is on estimating the carbon sequestration of sacred tree species in sacred groves found in selected areas Abdasa Taluka of Kachchh District. Total 51 sacred groves were recorded from 33 villages which cover approximately 23.64 hectares of land area. Carbon sequestration of 537 individuals of 23 tree species was estimated through the standard method. Ficus benghalensis L. is dominated in carbon i.e., 7.36 tones followed by Tamarindus indica L. (5.77 tones), Ficus religiosa L. (5.22 tones), Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf (3.02 tonnes). Lowest carbon sequestration was recorded in Prosopsis cineraria (L.) Druce, Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub and Punica granetum L. less than 1 tonnes respectively.
Agritourism: a source for socio-economic transformation in developing economies
Authors: Zvavahera Promise , Chigora Farai
Published: June 2023

This literature review aims to examine the influence of agritourism as a driver of socio-economic transformation in developing economies, with reference to Zimbabwe. It also aims to investigate the factors that impact the success of agritourism ventures in these contexts and how they can be applied to Zimbabwe. This conceptual paper employs an extensive examination of literature to assess how agritourism can catalyse socio-economic transformation in emerging economies, specifically with a focus on Zimbabwe. The literature review encompasses various themes, including the conceptual framework of agritourism, its advantages, challenges, and the factors influencing its success in promoting socio-economic transformation. The literature reveals that agritourism has the potential to generate employment for local communities, create additional income streams for farmers, and contribute to rural development. It can also play a significant role in poverty alleviation and promoting food security. Furthermore, agritourism fosters empowerment and entrepreneurship among farming communities, enabling them to capitalise on their agricultural resources, cultural heritage, and unique tourist attractions. Moreover, it promotes resilience and long-term economic growth by encouraging sustainable farming practices, knowledge sharing, and capacity building. However, the literature also identifies several challenges that may impede the growth of agritourism in developing economies, particularly in Zimbabwe. These challenges include inadequate supportive legislation, limited infrastructure on farms, insufficient marketing and branding initiatives, and restricted access to funding. The recommendations encompass the creation of comprehensive policies and regulatory frameworks, the establishment of funding mechanisms, the implementation of capacity-building programmes, and the adoption of effective marketing and promotion strategies. Overall, this literature review contributes to the existing knowledge by synthesising and analysing the literature on agritourism as a means of socio-economic transformation in developing economies, with a specific focus on Zimbabwe.
Einstein-AdS gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics, magnetic black holes, thermodynamics in an extended phase space and Joule—Thomson expansion
Authors: Kruglov Sergey Il'ich
Published: June 2023

We study Einstein's gravity with negative cosmological constant coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics proposed earlier. The metric and mass functions and corrections to the Reissner—Nordström solution are obtained. Black hole solutions can have one or two horizons. Thermodynamics and phase transitions of magnetically charged black holes in Anti-de Sitter spacetime are investigated. The first law of black hole thermodynamics is formulated and the generalized Smarr relation is proofed. By calculating the Gibbs free energy and heat capacity we study the black hole stability. The Joule—Thomson expansion is considered showing the cooling and heating phase transitions.
Effects of Telenursing on the Management of Self-care Behaviors in Patients With Chronic Hypertension
Authors:   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran., Talebi Fatemeh , Jesmi Ali Asghar ,   Geriatric Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran., Rakhshani Mohammad Hassan ,   Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran., Tajabadi Ali ,   Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Published: June 2023

Background: The high prevalence of hypertension worldwide and its severe effects on various body organs are major health concerns in every community. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of telenursing on the management of self-care behaviors in patients with chronic hypertension. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on two groups with a pretest-posttest. The sample population included 82 patients with hypertension referred to comprehensive urban and rural health service centers in Garme City, Iran who were initially selected via two-stage cluster sampling and allocated into two groups of intervention and control by permuted block randomization (six patients in each block). Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the hypertension self-care profile, and phone follow-up, which were completed at the beginning of the study. The patients received a two-hour training session. The intervention group was followed up (telenursing) for three months, and the control group received routine care. After the intervention, the self-care questionnaire in patients with chronic hypertension was completed by both groups. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 25 using the Mann-Whitney U test, paired t-test, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Telenursing increased the mean score of a healthy diet by 1.3 units (P=0.04) and the score of disease management by 1.19 units (P=0.004). However, the intervention had no significant effects on weight (P=0.09), supervision of the awareness of food labeling (P=0.38), and medication regimen (P=0.62). Conclusion: According to the results, it is recommended to use this method to manage the disease and dietary habits of patients with chronic hypertension.
Seascape genomics: assisting marine biodiversity management by combining genetic knowledge with environmental and ecological information
Authors: Rieder Jessica , Jahnke Marlene , André Carl , Christiansen Henrik , De Wit Pierre , Faust Ellika , Green Leon , Jonsson Per , Laikre Linda , Laugen Ane , Rafajlović Marina , Sandström Annica , Tomasini Matteo , Volckaert Filip
Published: June 2023

Biodiversity, including genetic diversity, is the foundation of ecosystems and the well-being of all organisms, including humans. Determining how the marine environment shapes genetic diversity and developing best practices to conserve it requires a multi-disciplinary approach incorporating genomic and environmental information. Seascape genetics and genomics combine spatially resolved ecological, genomic and environmental data coupled with modeling to explore past, present and future patterns of diversity and connectivity. Seascape genetics and genomics provide scientists and managers with a multi-faceted tool that can be applied across a wide range of species and can be incorporated into marine spatial management. Despite the known importance of genetic diversity, the incorporation of genetic and genomic data is grossly underrepresented in policy, decision-making and conservation measures. We aim to support the understanding and access to seascape genetics and genomics information for conservation and management practitioners. We explain how integrating environment, space, traits, and genetics or genomics can advance marine spatial management. We also outline the scientific and policy context of seascape genomics and the corresponding methodology and concepts, exemplified by two specific case studies. Lastly, we review the present status of seascape genomics research and discuss present challenges, strengths, and future opportunities by providing a road map that could aid the integration of seascape genomics into management.
Polemic on Human Rights Case is Still Rolling in Indonesia
Authors: Purnomo Vicki Dwi
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to find out cases of violations related to human rights in Papua and to find out the state's responsibility for violations of human rights in Paniai Regency, Papua Province. The formulation of the problem in this study is why the issue of human rights violations in Paniai District, Papua Province, has occurred again and what is the role of the state in protecting human rights in Indonesia and what is the international view of the state's role in protecting human rights in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the state in protecting human rights in Indonesia and to find out the legal view of the state's role in protecting human rights in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is a normative research method with primary data sources derived from library research. This research was conducted using a statutory approach in order to further study the legal basis by examining laws and regulations related to human rights violations that occurred in Paniai district, Papua. The findings in this study are that the role of the state in protecting human rights in Indonesia has been considered in such a way as can be seen from the many laws and regulations regarding human rights, whose aim is to protect the rights of the humans themselves. However, the issue of resolving human rights cases must be carried out as fairly and transparently as possible in their settlement, considering the obligation of the state to carry out its role as a protector of human rights for all of its people must be maximized, and every right must be fulfilled. However, in practice, discrimination against human rights is still widely encountered due to injustice from the authorities.
Por Que Es Importante Español: Narratives on the Value of Spanish Foreign Language to the Cebuano Learners, Their Native Language, And Culture
Authors: Sabonsolin John Cavin M.
Published: June 2023

This study aims to investigate the importance of the Spanish language to Cebuanos. It reveals that Spanish is significant to the Cebuano learners, their native language, and their culture. Using the reflexive thematic analysis, the researcher analyzed the gathered data, which was collected through one-on-one interviews with the participants via google meet. Results show that participants garnered skills and an edge over others in studying a foreign language. It also shows that it enriches the native language by studying a foreign language. Participants appreciate the Cebuano language even more. It also shows participants understand other cultures and the cultural influence of the Cebuano language by studying Spanish. Learning Spanish could have an impact on the lives of the Cebuanos.
Dominance of Foreign Shop Names Over Arabic Names in Saudi Arabia: Promotional, Sociocultural and Globalization Issues
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the language choice in shop names in Saudi Arabia, and the factors that determine the language choice and the reasons for preferring English to Arabic names. A sample of 500 shop names in 12 cities was collected from a Saudi Mall Directory and analyzed. In addition, a sample of 75 students and instructors from the departments of languages, translation, education, computer science and business and 25 shop owners and workers were surveyed. It was found that 64% of the shops have foreign names (25% international foreign names and 39% local names); 24% have pure Arabic names and 12% have mixed names. Some shops with a foreign name add an Arabic descriptor which is a translation of the foreign name (Perfume (عطورات بارفيوم. Foreign names are used in some mall and shop names although Arabic equivalents exist. The students, faculty and shop owners and workers gave promotional, sociocultural, linguistic and globalization factors, and lack of a business naming policy. They indicated that foreign shop names are used as a marketing strategy to attract customers who prefer foreign merchandise to local ones. They think it is more glamorous to use a foreign name as foreign names are associated with modernity, prestige, and elitism. They can reach more customers. A foreign name gives the customer the impression that the store is keeping abreast of latest international markets. They faculty added that in our cognition, foreign names are connected with high quality. Our culture looks at English as more sophisticated and fancier. An English name has a different effect. Shop owners indicated that new entrepreneurs adopt a foreign name because they are worried about their ability to compete with other shops. Shops like to Imitate shops in the West. Some think that translating a shop name to Arabic creates a barrier between the customer and the foreign franchised company as the original name is in English. As an example, foreign names are used for promoting the Riyadh Season (Oasis, Winter Wonderland, Park Avenue (بوليفارد . The article gives recommendations for protecting the Arabic language, translating shop names, and choosing glamorous and attractive Arabic names.
A New Annulenol from Aconitum heterophyllum with Bioactivity and Cytotoxicity against Vero and Lung Cell Line
Authors: Alam Md Saiful , Rony Satyajit Roy , Afroz Farhana , Mansur Abdullah Al , Sharmin Suriya , Moni Fatema , Akhter Shammi , Hussain Mohammad Musarraf , Sohrab Md Hossain
Published: June 2023

In this research work, a detailed phytochemical and biological investigation of Aconitum heterophyllum was accomplished. The cold methanolic root extract of A. heterophyllum was subjected to VLC for fractionation over silica gel, which led to the isolation of two compounds 1,1,8,8-trimethyl-4-methylene-decahydro- 1H-cyclopenta-[8]-annulen-1-ol (1) and β-stigmasterol (2). The compounds were characterized by analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectral data. Compound 1 is first reported from this plant. The crude extract was screened for antimicrobial activity against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and fungi using disk diffusion method where significant inhibitory activity was observed. The extract was also tested for cytotoxic property using brine shrimp lethality bioassay, which revealed moderate activity in comparison with the standard anticancer drug, vincristine sulphate. Antioxidant property of the crude methanol extract of A. heterophyllum was determined by the scavenging of the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical and found moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 = 53.25 μg/mL) when compared to standard antioxidant. Total phenolic and flavonoid content and polyphenolic compound content of the crude extract were determined by HPLC. The isolated compounds 1 and 2 showed dosedependent antiproliferation activity against the vero and lung A549 cells.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 1-10, 2023 (June)
Knowledge, Attitude and Perception about Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting System among Pharmacy Students in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Rasel Md Shamiul , Mohona Farhana Afrin , Lira Dilshad Noor , Kumar Uttom , Shamsur Rouf Abu Shara
Published: June 2023

Inadequate resources and a fragmented healthcare system in Bangladesh lead to the practice of almost non-reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Pharmacists may offer service in this regard to strengthen pharmacovigilance if given the appropriate opportunity. To evaluate their preparedness, the current cross-sectional study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) of pharmacy students about the ADR reporting system. A validated self-administered and structured questionnaire was filled out online upon informed consent by 400 final-year and master-level participants from 22 public and private universities. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, v.23.0) and Microsoft Excel. The average knowledge score of the students came out as 2.93 (SD=0.6) out of 5. While fundamental knowledge regarding ADR was displayed well by the participants such as agreeing to ‘side effects and ADRs are different’ (85%), advanced conceptual understanding exhibited lacking. For example, variable like ‘distinguishing between ADR and an adverse drug event’, ‘not all ADRs are known before a drug is marketed’, and ‘before ADR reporting, drug’s association needs no confirmation’ showed 14%, 41% and 5% correctness, respectively. However, 98% of the participants emphasized the need for ADR reporting, in both serious and non-serious cases, 85% knew that anybody can report ADR and approximately the same percentage of students could identify the organization receiving reports. Less than half (47%) were familiar with the authorized ADR reporting form and 40% reportedly claimed that they knew when and how to report. The need for more relevant education about this was supported by most of the students (91.8%). Participants mostly agreed about the need for reporting and gaining more overall awareness about the ADR reporting procedure. The findings suggest that increased knowledge, training, assertiveness and practice among all stakeholders are necessary for a spontaneous ADR reporting system in the country.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 21-28, 2023 (June)
Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Metformin for Development of Controlled Release Matrix Tablet: Formulation Optimization Using in silico Tools
Authors: Reza Rumman , Morshed Niaz , Samdani Md Nazmus , Kotha Amina Alam , Rahman Fahad Imtiaz , Reza Md Selim
Published: June 2023

Metformin, taken by nearly 120 million people across the world as a treatment for type 2 diabetes, has a relatively short plasma half-life and low absolute bioavailability. In this study, physicochemical and pharmacokinetics properties of metformin have been thoroughly assayed using ADMETLab, SwissADME, SmartCYP, LigandScout web-servers and software to evaluate the effectiveness of its formulation as controlledrelease matrix tablets. The objective of the present work was to develop a formulation of an oral controlled-release (CR) metformin tablet, using hydrophilic hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) grades K4M and K100M polymers at different concentrations utilizing computational simulatory tools. Intestinal membrane permeability of the drug has been assayed using 2 hours simulation run with MembranePlus Software. Simulated environment generated for in silico dissolution study, using DDDPlus software, of the prepared formulations used USP Apparatus Type 2 rotating at 100 rpm. The simulation run was for 2 hours using 0.1N HCl phase followed by 8 hours with 6.8 USP Phosphate buffer phase. The results showed that drug release from the higher viscosity grade, K100M was slower as compared to the lower viscosity grade K4M at a fixed polymer concentration level. Furthermore, plasma concentration-time curves for the formulations have been generated using GastroPlus software.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 29-42, 2023 (June)
Acmella calva (DC.) R.K. Jansen Flower: A Comprehensive In vivo Study of its Central and Peripheral Analgesic, Hypoglycemic, Antidepressant, and Anti-Diarrheal Properties
Authors: Sha Rafi Md Omar , Shristy Nusrat Tabassum , Chowdhury Vaskar , Rahman Md Hasanur , Mimi Sauda Sultana , Afroz Raihana , Chowdhury Tofail Ahmad
Published: June 2023

Acmella calva (DC.) R.K. Jansen (Local name “Surzo konna”) is a Southeast Asian perennial herb mostly used in rural areas as an ailment of dental disorders. This study involved the evaluation of peripheral and central analgesic activities, hypoglycemic, anti-diarrheal and anti-depressant activities of the methanolic extract of A. calva flower at different doses- (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of body weight) on Swiss Albino mice models. The sample exhibited moderate central analgesic activity at all doses whereas the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice revealed 67.69% reduction in peripheral pain response for both 400 and 600 mg/kg doses (69.23% for standard diclofenac sodium). Reduction in diarrheal faeces was found to be 41.03% and 46.46% at dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively compared to the standard loperamide 53.85%. Hypoglycemic activity in diabetic mice showed statistically significant data depending on increasing doses and thiopental induced sleeping test revealed the sedative activity (P<0.05) compared to diazepam. The in-vivo bioactivities suggest that this plant part can be a potential source of active lead compounds.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 65-71, 2023 (June)
Antioxidative, Thrombolytic and Cytotoxic Potentials of Jatropha pandurifolia Stem bark and Syzygium reticulatum Leaf
Authors: Jahan Nisrat , Rahim Md Abdur , Islam Sheikh Nazrul , Azam A T M Zafrul , Ahsan Monira
Published: June 2023

The study attempted to illustrate the antioxidant, thrombolytic and cytotoxic properties of two different medicinal plants, Jatropha pandurifolia and Syzygium reticulatum. In vitro antioxidative activity was tested through qualitative and quantitative DPPH scavenging assay which revealed the radical scavenging activity. Methanolic stem bark extract of Jatropha pandurifolia (MSJP) and ethyl acetate leaf extract of Syzygium reticulatum (EALSR) showed moderate clot rupture activity, the value of which were 61.30 ± 2.35% (**P<0.01) and 63.81 ± 1.92% (**P<0.01) accordingly, whereas streptokinase showed 73.6 ± 0.76% clot lysis capability. IC50 value was 6.82 ± 0.99 μg/mL for butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) wherein MSJP and EALSR showed 8.1± 1.44 (***P<0.001); and 10.34±2.12 (**P<0.01) μg/mL accordingly. In Brine shrimp cytotoxicity, MSJP, EALSR and vincristine sulphate exhibited mild activity with LC50, the value of which were 5.73±2.85 (*P<0.05), 5.12±1.57 (*P<0.05) and 0.52 ± 0.18 μg/mL respectively. The results proved the presence of many bioactive compounds showing thrombolytic, antioxidative and cytotoxic activities.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 97-103, 2023 (June)
A Reconsideration of the Ch’inilp’a (Pro-Japanese Collaborators) Criteria: Discussions Surrounding the 1947 and the 1948 Legislations
Authors: Ellie-BAe AhRan
Published: June 2023

In postwar southern Korea from 1945, the term ch’inilp’a is loosely used to describe a wide range of collaboration during the Japanese-administered colonial period. Although the term has been used to include questionable acts, many ambiguities among the criteria of ch’inilp’a are often overlooked or ignored. Tracing the origin of the criteria, this article considers how the term ch’inilp’a was defined, specifically within the Puil hyŏmnyŏkcha, minjok panyŏkcha, chŏnpŏm, kansangbae e taehan t’ŭkpyŏl pŏmnyul chorye (附日協力者・民族反逆者・戦犯・奸商. 輩에 대한特別法律条例 Special Law on Pro-Japanese, National Traitors, Warmongers, and Profiteers) of 1947 and the Panminjok haengwi ch’ŏbŏlbŏp (反民族行為処罰法 National Traitor Law) of 1948.
PENYULUHAN DAN SOSIALISASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT DESA TIRTANADI DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PEMUTUSAN PENULARAN COVID-19
Authors: Mustariani Baiq Ayu Aprilia Mustariani , Ulfana  , Husnul Khatimah
Published: June 2023

Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat desa Tirtanadi dalam pencegahan dan memutuskan penyebaran virus covid-19. Kegiatan ini diperuntukkan kepada seluruh masyarakat desa Tirtanadi melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu (1) penyuluhan kesehatan mengenai Penyuluhan gizi untuk meningkatkan imunitas dalam menghadapi wabah covid-19 dan pengetahuan tentang kesehatan dan pola hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), (2) sosialisasi pembuatan Hand sanitizer, (3) pembagian masker. Seluruh kegiatan adalah hasil kerjasama dosen pembimbing dan mahasiswa KKP-DR UIN Mataram dengan Seluruh Aparat Desa Tirtanadi dan persatuan pemuda desa serta pihak sekolah SMA IT Desa Tirtanadi. Kegiatan penyuluhan kesehatan mendapat respon yang sangat baik dari peserta penyuluhan. Hal ini terlihat respon yang sangat baik pada saat penyuluhan kesehatan, sosialisasi, dan pelatihan pembuatan handsanitizer. Semua peserta memperhatikan dengan baik serta banyak peserta yang menayakan banyak hal tentang materi penyuluhan dan pelatihan ini. Masyarakat Desa Tirtanadi juga sangat antusias dibagikan masker untuk pencegahan penularan virus covid-19.
PENCEGAHAN PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA DI KALANGAN PELAJAR SMK PP NEGERI MATARAM
Authors: Abdurahim Abdurahim , Sri Rahmawati  , Reny Amalia Permata  , Syaidatussalihah
Published: June 2023

Penyalahgunaan narkoba saat ini sudah tidak memandang usia, khususnya kalangan remaja sudah menjadi target utama penyalahgunaan narkoba. Jika tidak ada tindaklanjut dari masalah ini, maka dapat memperburuk atau merusak kesehatan dan masa depan mereka. Oleh karena itu, untuk mencegah dan mengurangi resiko tersebut, perlu dilakukan penyuluhan penyalahgunaan narkoba dan dampaknya. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat di SMK PP Negeri Mataram. Peserta pengabdian ini adalah anggota Palang Merah Remaja (PMR) yang berjumlah 17 orang. Pengabdian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta terkait bahaya penyalahgunaan narkoba dan bagaimana upaya untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan narkoba tersebut. Tes yang dilakukan berupa pre-test dan post-test. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan. Berdasarkan hasil pre-test, tingkat pengetahuan peserta terkait pengertian dan jenis-jenis narkoba adalah di bawah 50%. Sedangkan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan tingkat pemahamannya meningkat di atas 50%. Begitu juga untuk faktor penyebab dan dampak yang ditimbulkan dari penyalahgunaan narkoba adalah hampir 60% ketika pre-test dan 70% ketika post-test. Dan pengetahuan untuk tindakan pencegahan penyalahgunaan narkoba adalah 76% saat pre-test dan hampir 100% saat post-test.
SOSIALISASI PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN BERKHASIAT OBAT UNTUK APOTEK HIDUP SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Kurniawan Edy
Published: June 2023

Kesuburan tanah dan keberlimpahan air di desa Labuapi tidak seiring dengan pemanfaatan kondisi tersebut oleh masyarakat, seperti rendahnya inisiatif dalam memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan yang kosong untuk ditanam tanaman bermanfaat dan berkhasiat obat dalam bentuk apotek hidup. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah Memberikan pemahaman kepada seluruh masyarakat yang menjadi peserta kegiatan tentang jenis tanaman berkhasiat obat serta cara pengolahannya yang tepat. Manfaat diselenggarakannya kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan dan memantapkan pemahaman masyarakat desa Labuapi tentang jenis tanaman berkhasiat obat serta cara pengolahannya yang benar.  Kegiatan edukasi ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk menangani permasalahan kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan tindakan preventif dan pra kuratif, target sasaran adalah masyarakat. Langkah-langkah pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah melakukan pertemuan dengan kepala desa dan kepala dusun Labuapi timur, Labuapi utara, dan Labuapi selatan guna meminta izin melakukan kegiatan sosialisasi serta mendiskusikan masalah teknis pelaksanaan. Dari hasil diskusi didapatkan kesepakatan kegiatan edukasi dilaksanakan pada hari senin, 27 desember 2021 pukul 09.00 s/d selesai dengan target masyarakat di tiga dusun  sebanyak 50 orang dengan “tema pemanfaatan tanaman lokal untuk apotek hidup sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat”. Kegiatan sosialisasi dan praktik pemanfaatan tanaman berkhasiat obat berjalan dengan lancar tanpa halangan suatu apapun. Masyarakat sebagai peserta kegiatan telah mengenal dan memahami cara pengolahan tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat/herbal untuk upaya tindakan preventif dan pra kuratif, sehingga dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi permasalahan kesehatan dalam masyarakat.