bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Organic Halides on Amine-Impregnated Silica Gels
Authors: Ishikawa Tatsuo , Yamagami Naoki , Kondo Seiichi
Published: July 2006

The adsorption behaviors of methyl and propyl iodides, propyl chloride and chlorobenzene were examined on silica gels impregnated with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), pyperazine (PPZ), hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA), and modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (ATS) and dimethoxybis[3-(rnethylamino)propyl]silane (DAS). The irreversibly adsorbed amount of these halides except chlorobenzene was proportional to the amount of impregnated amines. The molar ratios of irreversible adsorption of the halides to the impregnated amine were less than 2 and in the order of DABCO>PPZ>HMTA>ATS>DAS. The former three amine compounds are less stable than the last two materials against thermal pretreatment.
Oxygen-17 NMR Study of the Uranyl Ion. III. Factors Influencing 17O Chemical Shifts of Uranyl Oxygens in Aqueous Perchlorate Media
Authors: Jung Woo-Sik , Tomiyasu Hiroshi , Fukutomi Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

Effects of concentrations of perchlorate ion, nitrate ion, uranyl ion, and acid, isotopic substitutions, and temperature on 17O chemical shifts of oxygen in the uranyl ion (uranyl oxygens hereafter) have been studied in aqueous perchlorate media. Insensitivity of the 17O chemical shifts to [ClO4−] leads to the conclusion that the perchlorate ion is not coordinated to the uranyl ion. The stability constant (0.10±0.04 m−1 at 25 °C and ionic strength 5.0 m; m=mol kg−1) of a UO2NO3+ complex, has been obtained from the dependence of the 17O chemical shifts on [NO3−]. The 17O resonances shift toward the lower field with increasing concentrations of uranyl ion and acid, indicating the possibilities of the dimer formation of the uranyl ion and the protonation of uranyl oxygen atoms in concentrated solution, respectively. Isotope shifts in 17O nuclear magnetic shielding in the uranyl ion are interpreted in terms of the change of mean separation between the ground and lowest excited electronic states upon oxygen and uranium isotopic substitutions. Temperature dependence of 17O chemical shifts is discussed in connection with the isotope effects.
Photocatalyzed Isomerization of Butenes over Metal Sulfides. High Photocatalytic Activity and Its Origin
Authors: Kodama Sukeya , Matsumoto Atsushi , Kubokawa Yutaka , Anpo Masakazu
Published: July 2006

Photocatalytic activity of CdS and ZnS for the cis-trans isomerization of 2-butene is much higher than that of TiO2 and ZnO, though the double bond shift isomerization to 1-butene hardly proceeds in contrast with the case of the oxides. The addition of O2 or NO molecules leads to the remarkable inhibition of photocatalyzed isomerization of 2-butene, but not to the complete inhibition. Water vapor enhanced the photocatalyzed isomerization. From these results together with the ESR measurements before and after UV irradiation of the sulfide catalyst either in the presence or in the absence of butene, the following conclusions emerge: sulfur radicals such as \dotSn, which are produced by the hole trapping by lattice S2− ions and/or sulfur clusters existing in the catalyst inherently, play a significant role in the weakening of the C=C double bond of 2-butene via the interaction with the molecules; the stability of such sulfur radicals results in the much higher photocatalytic activity of CdS and ZnS catalysts as compared with that of metal oxide catalysts.
The Microwave Spectrum and Molecular Structure of Methyl Selenocyanate
Authors: Sakaizumi Takeshi , Obata Masahiko , Takahashi Katsumasa , Sakaki Eiichi , Takeuchi Yaeko , Ohashi Osamu , Yamaguchi Ichiro
Published: July 2006

The microwave spectra of CH380SeCN, CH378SeCN, CH380Se13CN, CH380SeC15N, sym-CH2D80SeCN, and asym-CH2D80SeCN have been observed. In order to determine the rotational constants of 13CH380SeCN, we used the transition frequencies observed by Landsberg. From these spectra the complete rs coordinates of seven atoms have been calculated using Kraitchman’s equation. The structural parameters (bond lengths in Å(1Å=0.1 nm) and angles in degree) are: r(C1–H1)=1.073(4), r(C1–H2)=1.083(6), r(C1–Se)=1.954(7), r(Se–C2)=1.836(11), r(C2–N)=1.162(9), ∠H1–C1–H2=110.6(6), ∠H2–C1–H2′=111.4(3), ∠H1–C1–Se=105.4(5), ∠H2–C1–Se=109.3(6), ∠C1–Se-C2=96.0(11), and ∠Se–C2–N=179.3(15). It was found from the rs structural parameters that the methyl group is at a staggered position with respect to the cyano group, the methyl group does not show C3v symmetry, the bond length of r(Se–C2) is much shorter than that of r(Se–C1), and the chain bond of Se–C2–N is linear.
Thermoanalytical and Calorimetric Studies on Polymorphic Behaviors of Crystalline Modifications in Aliphatic α-Amino Acids with Normal Alkyl Chains
Authors: Matsumoto Masayuki , Yajima Hirofumi , Handa Takashi
Published: July 2006

The B–A transition in Dl-ABA occurs in the wide range of temperature near its decomposition temperature, and the transition pattern is similar to that of γ–α transition in glycine, whereas the pattern of α–γ transition in Dl-NL is different from that in glycine, and the α–γ transition of Dl-NL is of the first order. The enthalpy difference between modifications A and B of Dl-ABA was nearly equal to the enthalpy of transition determined by DSC.
The Solvent Extraction of Palladium(II) from Hydrochloric Acid with Triisobutylphosphine Sulfide
Authors: Baba Yoshinari , Ohshima Masanori , Inoue Katsutoshi
Published: July 2006

The equilibrium and kinetic aspects of palladium(II) extraction from hydrochloric acid with triisobutylphosphine sulfide (TIBPS) in toluene were studied, along with the aqueous solubility and interfacial adsorption equilibrium of the extractant. From the equilibrium study, palladium(II) was found to be extracted as a 1:1 Pd:extractant binuclear complex. The extraction rate of palladium(II) was reasonably explained by the interfacial reaction model, assuming that the elementary reactions between the extractant adsorbed at the interface and the aquatrichloro and tetrachloro complexes of palladium(II), [PdCl3]−, and [PdCl4]2− in the aqueous phase are the rate-determining steps.
Equilibrium and Structural Studies on the Species Formed in the Extraction of Divalent Transition Metal Ions with 8-Quinolinol
Authors: Yuchi Akio , Imai Kenji , Wada Hiroko , Shiro Motoo , Nakagawa Genkichi
Published: July 2006

The equilibria were studied in the extraction of divalent transition metal ions (M2+: Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) with 8-quinolinol (Hq) from aqueous solutions containing various anions (X−) into some organic solvents. The effects of −log[H+] and total concentrations of 8-quiriolinol and metal ions on the distribution were examined in detail. Three species, M2q3(Hq)3X, Mq2(Hq), and M2q4(Hq)2 are responsible for the extraction. The extraction of M2q3(Hq)3X is favorable when hydrophobic anions and polar solvents are used. On the other hand, the extraction constants of Mq2(Hq) are almost the same for each metal ion irrespective of anions and solvents. With increasing the metal ion concentration in the organic phase, Mq2(Hq) dimerizes to form M2q4(Hq)2. The decrease in the distribution ratio by prolonged shaking under certain conditions is reasonably ascribed to the slow precipitation of Mq2·2H2O which has been made supersaturated by the rapid establishment of all the equilibria except the precipitation reaction. An X-ray crystallographic study for Ni2q4(Hq)2 showed that two nickel atoms are surrounded by three bidentate ligands with facial and meridional configurations about their oxygen atoms and these two isomers form a binuclear structure jointed by two strong hydrogen bonds.
S-Bridged Polynuclear Complexes. I. Selective Formation and Crystal Structure of (+)600CD-Bis[tris(l-cysteinato-N,S)cobaltate(III)-μ-S,μ-S′,μ-S″]cobalt(III) Nitrate Pentahydrate
Authors: Okamoto Ken-ichi , Aizawa Sen-ichi , Konno Takumi , Einaga Hisahiko , Hidaka Jinsai
Published: July 2006

The crystal structure and the absolute configuration of the selectively formed title isomer, (+)600CD-[Co{Co(l-cys-N,S)3}2](NO3)2·5H2O, have been determined by X-ray diffraction. In the (+)600CD isomer, the six l-cysteinates coordinate through the nitrogen and sulfur atoms to give two terminal [Co(l-cys-N,S)3] moieties. The central cobalt atom spans the six sulfur atoms in these terminals to form a trinuclear structure. The (+)600CD isomer takes selectively a ΛLLLΛLLL configuration, in which both of the two terminals have a ΛLLL-fac(S) configuration, and the six sulfur donor atoms take an R one. The l-cysteinate chelate rings take a lel conformation along the C3 axis and the carboxyl or carboxylato groups take the axial orientations forming the intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The (−)600CD isomer is assigned to the ΔLLLΔLLL configuration on the basis of the electronic absorption, CD, and 13C NMR spectral behaviors. The selective formation for each of the (+)600CD and (−)600CD isomers is discussed in relation to their reaction conditions.
Reaction of β-Nitro Enamines with Isocyanates, Isothiocyanates and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate
Authors: Tokumitsu Takao
Published: July 2006

β-Nitro enamines (1) reacted with isocyanates and isothiocyanates to give β-(substituted carbamoyl) and β-(substituted thiocarbamoyl) β-nitro enamines, respectively. The reaction of 1 with benzoyl isothiocyanate gave β-(benzoylthiocarbamoyl) β-nitro enamines (8) and/or a mixture of 8 and 4(1H)-pyrimidinethione derivatives (9) which were cyclization products of 8. The isolated 8 afforded the corresponding 9 in high yields upon heating in DMF. The reaction of 1 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate gave [2+2] cycloadducts (12) and/or a mixture of 12 and δ-nitro dienamino diesters (13) which were ring cleavage products of 12. Compounds 12 afforded 13 upon heating in toluene or xylene.
The Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene over a Palladium Membrane
Authors: Nagamoto Hidetoshi , Inoue Hakuai
Published: July 2006

The hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene was carried out over a palladium membrane at 100 °C in two ways: (1) by hydrogen permeating the membrane, and (2) by hydrogen premixed in the gas phase. In the reactions using permeate hydrogen, hydrogenation at the higher pressures of butadiene was limited by the hydrogen permeation; namely, the rate was determined by the pressure of hydrogen upstream. The product composition was, at the same time, unchanged by the reaction rate. At the lower pressures of butadiene, the selectivity for butene formation was decreased with the decrease in the butadiene pressure, and the reaction rate was approximately equal to that when the premixed hydrogen was used over the β-phase membrane. The mechanism of the reaction using premixed hydrogen over the α-phase membrane was analyzed quantitatively by obtaining the dissolved hydrogen concentration from the measurement of the hydrogen-permeation rate from the reaction surface. It was elucidated that the reaction was limited by the hydrogen adsorption, the rate of which was affected by the presence of 1,3-butadiene, and that the reaction rate was much smaller than that when permeate hydrogen was used.
Epoxidation of Fatty Acid Esters with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Molybdenum Oxide–Tributyltin Chloride on Charcoal Catalyst
Authors: Itoi Yasushi , Inoue Masami , Enomoto Saburo
Published: July 2006

The epoxidation of fatty acid esters was carried out with a 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a molybdenum oxide–tributyltin chloride on a charcoal catalyst in 2-propanol at 50 °C. Such inner olefins as ethyl erucate and ethyl oleate gave good yields of 77 and 76%, respectively. Ethyl elaidate, a trans-form of ethyl oleate, was less reactive (40% yield). Several vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, olive oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, and linseed oil were oxidized with the oxirane oxygen contents of 5.3 to 3.5%.
The Preparation and Thermal Properties of Terminal Disubstituted N-(4-Benzoyloxybenzylidene)anilines
Authors: Takenaka Shunsuke , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Kusabayashi Shigekazu
Published: July 2006

The homologous series of N-[4-(4-n-alkoxybenzoyloxy)benzylidene]-4-(2-methylbutoxy)aniline (1), and N-[4-[4-(2-methylbutoxy)benzoyloxy]benzylidene]-4-n-alkoxyaniline (2), and N-[4-(4-n-alkoxybenzoyloxy)-3-hydroxybenzylidene]-4-(2-methylbutoxy)aniline (3) where the 2-methylbutoxyl group has an S-configuration, have been prepared. Series 1 and 2 form a chiral smectic C (SC*) phase in addition to a cholesteric (Ch) and a chiral smetic G (SG*) phases, and series 3 form (SC*) and Ch phases.
Comparison of Reactivities of Dibromide Anion Radical and Dichloride Anion Radical in Neutral Aqueous Solution
Authors: Katsuragi Yuusuke , Neda Osamu , Yamauchi Kotaro , Masuda Takahiro
Published: July 2006

Rate constants of reactions of dibromide anion radical with some aliphatic dipeptides or unsaturated compounds including pyrimidine bases have been determined by flash photolysis. Difference in activation energy between, dibromide and dichloride anion radicals has been estimated by comparing rate constants obtained for common substrates.
Penicillin–Cephalosporin Conversion. XII. Electroreductive Dechlorination of 3′-Chlorocephalosporins into 3-Methylenecephams
Authors: Torii Sigeru , Tanaka Hideo , Ohshima Toshiyuki , Sasaoka Michio
Published: July 2006

An efficient electroreductive conversion of 3′-chlorocephalosporins and their analogues into the corresponding 3-methylenecephams has been performed in an aqueous THF–LiClO4–(Pb cathode) and/or aqueous MeCN–EtOH–LiClO4–NH4ClO4 (Pb cathode) system.
Stereoselectivity of Diels–Alder Reactions of 6,7-Dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nona-3,8-dien-2-one and 6,7-Diethoxycarbonyl-6,7-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nona-3,8-dien-2-one
Authors: Takeshita Hitoshi , Mori Akira , Sugiyama Shigeru , Tsuda Tohru
Published: July 2006

A Diels–Alder reaction of 6,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nona-3,8-dien-2-one (2) with cyclopentadiene gave the cis-endo-[4+2] adduct and the trans-endo-[4+2] adduct. Their yields were improved when the reaction was carried out under high-pressure conditions. The reaction of 6,7-diethoxycarbonyl-6,7-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nona-3,8-dien-2-one (3) gave the cis-endo-[4+2] adduct. Reactions of 2 and 3 with isobenzofuran and its 1,3-diphenyl derivative gave the thermodynamically-controlled exo-[4+2] adducts.
The Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Vanadium with 3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorogallein
Authors: Mori Itsuo , Fujita Yoshikazu , Fujita Kinuko , Koshiyama Yozo , Tanaka Takeshi
Published: July 2006

As a solution of 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorogallein (T.Cl.gall) in a weakly acidic medium was easily decomposed by vanadium(V), a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of vanadium by using the difference in absorbance at 385 nm between T.Cl.gall and T.Cl.gall-vanadium(V) solutions in the presence of hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HPC) and poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was established. Under optimum conditions, vanadium could be determined in the range of 0–0.8 μg/10 cm3. The apparent molar absorptivity was calculated to be 7.0×105 dm3mol−1cm−1, with a Sandell sensitivity of 0.00006 μg cm−2, by the use of a decomposed T. Cl. gall solution in the presence of vanadium(V) at 385 nm. The recovery tests of vanadium added to prepared artificial water were examined; the results were a good agreement with the certified values (98.6–102.8%).
Substance P Analogs Containing Homoglutamine at Position 5 and 6
Authors: Uchida Yoshiki , Nishijima Miwako , Moro Tadashi , Sakura Naoki , Hirose Kyoko , Kontani Hitoshi , Hashimoto Tadashi
Published: July 2006

Six substance P (SP) analogs, in which the glutaminyl residue(s) at the position(s) 5 or/and 6 were replaced by homoglutamine (Hgn), were prepared using a novel Nα,Nca–(Boc)2–Hgn–OH by the solid phase method. The activity of the analogs was assayed on isolated guinea pig organs. Results indicate that the elongation of the methylene on glutaminyl residue(s) in SP enhances the activity on isolated guinea pig ileum.
Neurokinin B Analogs Substituted with Glycine
Authors: Hashimoto Tadashi , Moro Tadashi , Uchida Yoshiki
Published: July 2006

Four Neurokinin B analogs substituted with glycine at position 4, 5, 6, or 7 were synthesized by Merrifield’s solid phase method. Pharmacological property of the analogs is described. The results suggest that Phe6 and Val7 residues may be essential for intrinsic activity on smooth muscle.
The Diels–Alder Reactions of 2-Alkyl-5-methoxy-4-(p-nitrophenyl)oxazoles with Ethylenic, Acetylenic, and Azo-Type Dienophiles
Authors: Ibata Toshikazu , Nakano Shuji , Nakawa Hiroyuki , Toyoda Jiro , Isogami Yasushi
Published: July 2006

The Diels–Alder reactions of 2-methyl- and 2-ethyl-5-methoxy-4-(p-nitrophenyl)oxazoles with N-methyl-, N-ethyl-, and N-phenylmaleimides gave endo- and exo-adducts. When the reactions were carried out in an acetonitrile solution containing a small amount of water as an impurity, N-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-(p-nitrophenyl)-4,5-pyridinecarboximides were obtained via the decomposition of the Diels–Alder adducts, while the methanol was eliminated. The decomposition might be catalyzed by contaminated water at the initial stage of the reaction. The adducts of N-phenylmaleimide and N-ethylmaleimide were shown to undergo the retro-Diels–Alder reaction on heating at 80°C to give the starting maleimides and oxazole. Diethyl azodicarboxylate and 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione gave the corresponding single adducts. A reaction with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate gave p-nitrobenzonitrile (10), dimethyl 2-methyl-5-methoxy-3,4-furandicarboxylate (11), and tetramethyl 3,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate (12), although the expected adduct was not isolated. These products were explained on the basis of the Diels–Alder reaction, followed by the retro-Diels–Alder reaction, thus affording 10 and 11, which gave 12 upon cycloaddition with the second molecule of DMAD.
α,β-Epoxy Sulfoxides as Useful Intermediates in Organic Synthesis. III. A Novel Synthesis of α-Amino Ketones and α-Amino Aldehydes by Aminolysis of α,β-Epoxy Sulfoxides
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Kaneko Youhei , Sakata Kiichi , Yamakawa Koji
Published: July 2006

Aminolysis of α,β-epoxy sulfoxides, easily prepared from 1-chloroalkyl phenyl sulfoxides or chloromethyl phenyl sulfoxide and carbonyl compounds, with alkyl- or arylamines afforded α-amino ketones or α-amino aldehydes in good yields. Treatment of thus obtained α-arylamino ketones with weak Lewis acid led to 2,3-disubstituted indoles.
Fluorescence and Circular Dichroism Studies on Host–Guest Complexation of γ-Cyclodextrin Bearing Two 2-Naphthyl Moieties
Authors: Ueno Akihiko , Moriwaki Fumio , Osa Tetsuo , Hamada Fumio , Murai Koichi
Published: July 2006

Host–guest complexation of γ-cyclodextrin bearing two 2-naphthyl moieties (1) has been studied by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. The exciton coupling band observed in the naphthalene 1La transition region shows that the two naphthyl moieties of 1 take a chiral orientation in the cavity. The guest binding of 1 changes the circular dichroism pattern, finally affording a negative band, but hardly influences the fluorescence pattern in which excimer emission is predominant. These phenomena suggest that a guest molecule is included in the cavity of 1 by extruding two naphthyl moieties from the cavity so as to make the moieties to act as hydrophobic caps. Dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) was found to be effective to change both fluorescence and circular dichroism patterns, increasing monomer-like emission and converting the exciton coupling pattern to a simple negative band. These results suggest that the two naphthyl moieties are not in proximal positions in DMSO-rich solutions.
Oxidation of Lipids, XII. Inhibition of Oxidation of Soybean Phosphatidylcholine and Methyl Linoleate in Aqueous Dispersions by Uric Acid
Authors: Niki Etsuo , Saito Mitsuo , Yoshikawa Yasuyuki , Yamamoto Yorihiro , Kamiya Yoshio
Published: July 2006

The activity of uric acid as a chain-breaking antioxidant was studied in the oxidations of methyl linoleate micelles and soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes in aqueous dispersions at 37°C. Uric acid was found to act as a radical scavenger. Uric acid located in an aqueous phase could trap the radicals in an aqueous phase, but it could not scavenge radicals within the lipid region of micelles and liposomal membranes. The kinetics of the oxidations of lipids in aqueous dispersions inhibited by uric acid was discussed.
Oxidation of Lipids. XIII. Antioxidant Activities of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Tocopherols
Authors: Niki Etsuo , Tsuchiya Jyunichi , Yoshikawa Yasuyuki , Yamamoto Yorihiro , Kamiya Yoshio
Published: July 2006

The antioxidant activities of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols were studied. They were all effective as antioxidant in the oxidations of methyl linoleate in homogeneous solution. When one of the four tocopherols was used alone, they were consumed at the same rate and they suppressed the oxidation for the same period. However, the stabilities of chromanyloxyl radicals derived from the corresponding tocopherols varied considerably and decreased in the order α>β≅γ>δ -chromanyloxyl radicals. α-Tocopherol reacts quite rapidly with β-, γ-, and δ-chromanyloxyl radicals to give α-chromanyloxyl radical and β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols respectively. Accordingly, when the four tocopherols were used together, α-tocopherol was consumed first, then β- and γ-tocopherols were consumed, and δ-tocopherol began to decrease after most of α-, β-, γ-tocopherols were depleted.
Transformation between Lamellar and Nonlamellar Aggregates Formed with Synthetic Peptide Lipids
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Takaki Toshihiko , Uchimura Katsuya
Published: July 2006

The morphological behavior of various combinations of the following synthetic lipids was investigated in the aqueous dispersion state by means of electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and fluorescence polarization spectroscopy as well as by turbidity and X-ray diffraction measurements: N+C5Ala2Cn and N+(H)C5Ala2Cn as cationic, (SO3−)C5Ala2Cn as anionic, and QC5Ala2Cn as nonionic (n=14, 16). Aqueous dispersions of various combinations of cationic and anionic lipids at the equimolar ratio afforded nonlamellar aggregates, having highly ordered and three-dimensional network structure with repeating distances in the 70–130 Å range, above their phase transition temperatures (Tm). However, any slight loss of the fractional balance retained at the equimolar ratio led to the formation of bilayer aggregates. Under such conditions that allow the formation of nonlamellar aggregates, the high microscopic homogeneity of cationic and anionic lipid molecules was attained, originating from the intramembrane electrostatic interaction between cationic and anionic head moieties to form highly developed ion-pair clusters on the aggregate surface. Meanwhile, the nonlamellar phase appeared above Tm was spontaneously transformed into the normal bilayer phase below Tm as confirmed by electron microscopy and turbidity measurements. The nonlamellar phase was also characterized by the low-angle X-ray diffraction method and was consistent with the highly developed domain with the face-centered cubic lattice.
Studies on β-Turn of Peptides. XII. Synthetic Confirmation of Weak Activity of [d-Pro5,5′]-Gramicidin S Predicted from β-Turn Preference of Its Partial Sequence
Authors: Sato Kazuki , Kato Rika , Nagai Ukon
Published: July 2006

[d-Pro5,5′]-Gramicidin S was synthesized to confirm a prediction that d-d sequence at the corner position had low preference for β-turn. The analog showed much weaker activity than gramicidin S and also showed different CD spectra from those of gramicidin S. The results indicate that the analog can not take stable, gramicidin S-like, β-sheet conformation.
35Cl NQR and Ionicities of a Few N-Chloroimides
Authors: Nagao Yoshitaka , Katagiri Shigeyoshi
Published: July 2006

35Cl NQR frequencies were measured for N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), N-chlorophthalimide (NCP), N,N′-dichlorobarbital (NDCB), sodium N,N′-dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate (Na-NDCI·2H2O) and N,N′,N″-trichloroisocyanuric acid (NTCI). The ionicities estimated by a 35Cl NQR study increased in the following order; NCS<NCP<NDCB<Na-NDCI·2H2O<NTCI. A linear relationship between the ionicities of chlorine atoms and the polarographic reduction potentials of N–Cl bonds was found. The ionicity was related to the reactivity.
Activity Coefficients of Dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Miyajima Koichiro , Mukai Takayo , Nakagaki Masayuki , Otagiri Masaki , Uekama Kaneto
Published: July 2006

The activity coefficients of aqueous solutions of dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin were measured by vapor pressure osmometry at 25, 35, and 45±0.1°C. The activity coefficient decreased with increase of concentration at each temperature. Both the excess enthalpy and the excess entropy were positive. The negative excess free energy originates from the large excess entropy term, indicating that dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin is a hydrophobic solute.
High-Resolution 13C NMR Spectra of trans-[CoIII(2,3-Alkanedione dioximato)2(pyridine)2]I Complexes in the Solid State
Authors: Kinoshita Setsuko , Wakita Hisanobu , Masuda Isao
Published: July 2006

High-resolution 13C NMR spectra of the title complexes showed two type signals based on the “packing effect” and the long-chain alkyl group of the dioximato ligand was found to be fixed near the axial pyridine ligand in the solid state.
A Practical Synthesis of 1,3-Diene Using Allyltriphenylsilane and Titanium Tetraisopropoxide
Authors: Ikeda Yoshihiko , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: July 2006

A practical method for the stereoselective preparation of 1,3-dienes by the use of allyltriphenylsilane as a key reagent is described.
CD Spectra of Bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) Derivatives of Acyclic Diamino Compounds Having Two Asymmetric Centers
Authors: Kawai Masao , Yamagishi Takahiro , Matsuura Taketoshi , Butsugan Yasuo , Nakashima Ruka
Published: July 2006

Chiroptical properties of bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) derivatives of acyclic diamino compounds were discussed. The derivatives of diamines in which the two NH2-bearing carbons are asymmetric having the same chirality exhibited Cotton effects of much larger intensity than the corresponding diamine derivatives having only one asymmetric carbon atom. Relation between sign and magnitude of Cotton effect at the longest wavelength of bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) derivatives and structure and stereochemistry of parent diamino compounds was summarized in a tabulated form.
Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling between Organic Halides and Organotin Compounds Involving C-N Unsaturated Bonds at the Reaction Centers
Authors: Kosugi Masanori , Koshiba Mamoru , Atoh Akira , Sano Hiroshi , Migita Toshihiko
Published: July 2006

Imidoyl chlorides were good substrates which can react with a variety of organotin compounds to give ketimines in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium complex. Under similar conditions, C-tributylstannyl imines did not give the products except with 2-(tributylstannyl)benzothiazole, -benzoxazole, and 1-methyl 2-(tributylstannyl)imidazole. And N-tributylstannyl imines could not be utilized.
Precise Measurement of Ultrasonic Absorption in Micellar Solutions in the Frequency Range from 0.2 to 10 MHz
Authors: Kato Shigeo , Nomura Hiroyasu , Zielinski Ryszard , Ikeda Shoichi
Published: July 2006

A cylindrical resonator for the measurement of ultrasonic absorption has been designed. It was found that a newly designed resonator can determine the absolute value of the ultrasonic absorption coefficient of water at frequencies above 0.7 MHz. For aqueous solutions it has a sufficient resolution power down to 0.2 MHz by means of a reference measurement. Precise measurements of ultrasonic absorption were carried out for aqueous solutions of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide using a newly designed resonator and two other previously reported resonators. The ultrasonic relaxation spectra show a single relaxation process within the investigated frequency range. The relaxation process can be ascribed to a “fast” relaxation related to the exchange of a surfactant between micelles and bulk solution. The kinetic parameters for the exchange process were estimated on the basis of Teubner’s theory.
Thermodynamic Study on Solvent Extraction of Alkali Metal Picrates with 18-Crown-6 into CHCl3
Authors: Takeda Yasuyuki , Tanaka Akio
Published: July 2006

Enthalpy (ΔHex) and entropy changes (ΔSex) for overall extractions of alkali metal (Na, K, Rb, and Cs) picrates with 18-crown-6 (18C6), and those (ΔHD,L and ΔSD,L) for distribution of 18C6 itself were determined between CHCl3 and water, all the extracted complexes being 1:1:1 complexes. The ΔHex and ΔSex values of 18C6 for all the alkali metals are negative. The ΔHD,L and ΔSD,L values of 18C6 are both positive. Enthalpy (ΔHex′) and entropy changes (ΔSex′) for ion-pair extractions of 18C6-alkali metal ion complexes with picrate anions were calculated. All the ΔHex′ and ΔSex′ values are negative except for ΔSex′ value of Na (positive). The ion-pair extractions were discussed from the thermodynamic point of view.
Reaction Mechanism of Cathodic Crossed Coupling of Acetone with Unsaturated Compounds in Acidic Solution
Authors: Koizumi Toshio , Fuchigami Toshio , Kandeel Zaghloul El-Shahat , Sato Norio , Nonaka Tsutomu
Published: July 2006

It was confirmed that the cathodic crossed coupling of acetone with unsaturated compounds in aqueous sulfuric acid could proceed smoothly, when the compounds which had radical-acceptable double bonds and were adsorbed on a mercury cathode were used. From this fact, it was concluded that the coupling occurs via the addition of a radical intermediate formed by the one-electron reduction of acetone to the double bonds on the cathode surface. Possibility of the addition of an anionic intermediate derived from acetone was excluded by no occurrence of the coupling of acetone with a polar acetylenic triple bond compound adsorbed on the cathode.
Interaction of Poly[S-(2-carboxyethyl)-l-cysteine] with Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Maeda Hiroshi , Tanaka Yoriko , Ikeda Shoichi
Published: July 2006

The induction of the β-structure of fully ionized poly[S-(2-carboxyethyl)-l-cysteine] in solution markedly depended on the kind of head group of cationic surfactants; it occurred by the addition of dodecylammonium chloride (DAC) but not by the addition of dodecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) or dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), as concluded based on circular dichroism spectra. The induction of the β-structure by DAC was not inhibited by raising ionic strength of the medium but was enhanced when the polypeptide concentration was increased. The polypeptide took the β-structure in the precipitates produced by the addition of any one of these three surfactants, as indicated by the infrared absorption (IR) spectra. Intensity of a characteristic absorption band of carboxylate group around 1570 cm−1 for the complex with DDAC was vanishingly weak, while those with DAC and DTAC were medium and strong, respectively. The precipitates were solubilized in the presence of excess amount of surfactants. In the solubilized solution, the β-structure was again found in the case of DAC, irrespective of the polypeptide concentration, but it was found only at high polypeptide concentrations in the case of DDAC.
Solvent Effects on Extraction of Aluminum(III), Gallium(III), and Indium(III) with Decanoic Acid
Authors: Yamada Hiromichi , Hayashi Hisao , Fujii Yukio , Mizuta Masateru
Published: July 2006

Extraction of aluminum(III) and indium(III) with decanoic acid in 1-octanol was carried out at 25 °C and at an aqueous ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm−3 (NaClO4). Monomeric and tetrameric aluminum(III) decanoates and monomeric indium(III) decanoate are responsible for the extraction. From a comparison of the present results with those obtained from the previous works, the polymerization of the extracted species was found to be more extensive in benzene than in 1-octanol, and the metal decanoates were highly polymerized in the following order in both solvents: Al>Ga>In.
Pseudo-Sugars. XIV. Synthesis of Sweet-Tasting Pseudo-β-Dl-fructopyranose
Authors: Suami Tetsuo , Ogawa Seiichiro , Takata Makoto , Yasuda Kuninobu , Takei Kiyoshi , Suga Atsuo
Published: July 2006

Pseudo-β-Dl-fructopyranose was synthesized from Dl-1,2-di-O-acetyl-(1,3/2)-3-bromomethyl-5-cyclohexene-1,2-diol by a six steps reaction: Dehydrobromination, epoxidation, acetolysis, reduction, and deacetylation, in overall yield of 4.8%. Pseudo-β-Dl-fructopyranose was found to be nearly as sweet as d-fructose which is the most sweet sugar known in naturally occurring carbohydrates.
A Novel Friedel-Crafts Type Reaction of 2-Chlorothiophene with Some Active Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Sone Tyo , Yokoyama Ryoji , Okuyama Yohko , Sato Kazuaki
Published: July 2006

2-Chlorothiophene (1) was found to easily react with certain active aromatic compounds (2) in the presence of AlCl3 under mild conditions, yielding the corresponding 2-arylthiophenes (3) and 5-chloro-2,2′-bithienyl (5) as the main products. With compounds more reactive than 1, the formation of 3 predominated. Reactions of 1 with aryl alkyl ethers, for example, afforded the corresponding 3 in 44–83% yields in one step.
Asymmetric Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide to Substituted Benzaldehydes Catalyzed by a Synthetic Cyclic Peptide, Cyclo((S)-phenylalanyl-(S)-histidyl)
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Asada Shoichi , Watanabe Ichigen , Hayashi Hiroaki , Motoo Yoshiyuki , Inoue Shohei
Published: July 2006

Using cyclo((S)-phenylalanyl-(S)-histidyl) as catalyst, optically active cyanohydrins from substituted benzaldehydes with p-methyl, m-methyl, o-methyl, m-methoxyl, or m-phenoxyl group were obtained with optical yield of 82–33%. For the asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis, nonpolar solvent such as benzene or carbon tetrachloride was advantageous, while no asymmetric synthesis took place in methanol or dimethyl sulfoxide.
Raman and Solid State NMR Study on an Inclusion Compound of Aspartame with Cyclodextrin
Authors: Takahashi Shin-ichiro , Suzuki Ei-ichiro , Amino Yusuke , Nagashima Nobuya , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Tsuboi Masamichi
Published: July 2006

A crystal of inclusion compound of Aspartame (α-l-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester, APM) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was obtained from their aqueous solution. The Raman spectrum of this crystal indicates some differences from the spectral sum of APM and β-CD. An analysis of these spectral differences suggests that the phenyl moiety of APM is included in the cavity of β-CD in the inclusion compound. In addition, a Raman spectroscopic study of APM with 15N-substitution and N-deuteration indicates that the peptide backbone of APM undergoes some conformational change on APM going into the inclusion compound. Solid state 13C CP MAS- and gated-decoupling MAS–NMR spectra for the inclusion compound indicate that the phenyl ring rotates at a higher frequency than 270 MHz, that the Phe Cβ and phenyl ring Cl move at the frequency of about 270 MHz, and that the molecular motion of the other parts of APM occurs at lower frequency than 270 MHz.
Improved Optical Resolution of (±)-1,2-Diphenylethylenediamine
Authors: Saigo Kazuhiko , Kubota Naomi , Takebayashi Shoko , Hasegawa Masaki
Published: July 2006

(±)-1,2-Diphenylethylenediamine (DPEDA) was efficiently resolved by the fractional crystallization of its diastereomeric salts with optically active mandelic acid. 1H-NMR spectrum of N-monoacylated DPEDA with an optically active derivatizing agent showed that DPEDA thus obtained was optically pure.
Effective Rotational Temperatures of N2+ (X) Produced by Electron-Impact Ionization on N2
Authors: Kawazumi Hirofumi , Uchida Tuneaki , Ogawa Teiichiro
Published: July 2006

The laser-induced fluorescence of molecular ions, N2+ (X, 2Σg+), was measured under the controlled electron-impact ionization of N2 in the thermal gas jet. The effective rotational temperature of N2+ (X) increased from 320±5 K to 367±15 K for the incident electron energy from 750 eV to 17 eV.
α,β-Epoxy Sulfoxides as Useful Intermediates in Organic Synthesis. IV. A Novel Synthesis of α-Acetoxy Ketones from α,β-Epoxy Sulfoxides
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Motohashi Shigeyasu , Yamakawa Koji
Published: July 2006

The treatment of α,β-epoxy sulfoxides, prepared from 1-chloroalkyl phenyl sulfoxides with ketones or aldehydes, with cesium acetate in dimethyl sulfoxide in the presence of lead tetraacetate afforded α-acetoxy ketones in moderate to good yields.
Preparation of Arylimidobis(sulfates)
Authors: Kanetani Fujio
Published: July 2006

Seven arylimidobis(sulfates), six of which are new compounds, have been prepared by the N-sulfonation of the corresponding primary aromatic amines with 2-methylpyridine-sulfur trioxide in 60–92% yields.
Excited-State Reactions of Coumarins in Aqueous Solutions. III. The Fluorescence Quenching of 7-Ethoxycoumarins by the Chloride Ion in Acidic Solutions
Authors: Moriya Tetsuo
Published: July 2006

The fluorescence yield of 7-ethoxycoumarins in acidic aqueous solutions becomes reduced with an increase in the chloride-ion concentration. In acidic solutions, two types of excited molecules, a neutral molecule and a protonated molecule with a positive charge, are generated by a UV light illumination. Only the excited state of a protonated molecule is quenched by a chloride ion; the quenching reaction proceeds via both a diffusional and a static process. The rate constant for the diffusional process is (3.7–5.8)×109 mol−1 dm3 s−1. The static quenching component can be approximately described by the V[Q] expression and the static quenching constant, V, is 1.2–1.7 mol−1 dm3. One possible physical interpretation of the quenching mechanism is discussed in relation to the charge of colliding species and the electron transfers between them.
129I Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study of Several n-σ Charge-Transfer Complexes of Iodine with Thioethers
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi , Matsuyama Tomochika , Maeda Yutaka
Published: July 2006

129I Mössbauer studies have been made of n-σ charge-transfer complexes of iodine with thioethers, such as thiane, 1,4-oxathiane, and 1,4-dithiane. The spectra of these complexes consist of two sets of quadrupole octets, corresponding to the bridging and terminal iodine atoms. The transferred charges from the thioethers are localized on the terminal iodine atoms, and the bridging iodine atoms have slightly positive charges. This result can be well explained in terms of a covalent bond between the sulfur and bridging iodine atoms or the MO treatment of a delocalized three-center four-electron bonding. The contributions of the dative structure to the ground state are estimated to be 36, 28, and 24% for thiane–iodine, 1,4-oxathiane–iodine, and 1,4-dithiane-iodine respectively. The nature of the charge-transfer bond is discussed in comparison with amine-iodine complexes.
Fluorescence Quenching of Perfluoronaphthalene by Triethylamine
Authors: Kano Koji , Yanagimoto Masaru , Uraki Hisashi , Zhou Bin , Hashimoto Shizunobu
Published: July 2006

The relatively fast fluorescence quenching of perfluoronaphthalene by triethylamine as well as the lack of the exciplex emission of this system has been interpreted in terms of the electron transfer from triethylamine to photoexcited perfluoronaphthalene, where the electron donor–acceptor pair takes a loose geometric configuration.
Partial Molar Volumes in Aqueous Mixtures of Nonelectrolytes. I. t-Butyl Alcohol
Authors: Sakurai Masao
Published: July 2006

The densities of mixtures of t-butyl alcohol (TBA) with water (W) have been measured at various temperatures over a wide range of concentrations. From these data the apparent (VΦ,2) and partial (V2) molar volumes as well as partial molar expansibilities (E2) have been evaluated for both components. The limiting partial molar volumes, VTBA∞ and VW∞, were smaller than the molar volume of TBA and water, respectively, at all temperatures studied. The values of ETBA∞ was negative at temperatures below 15 °C and the value of EW was also negative at all temperatures. Characteristic extrema were observed for the VTBA(XTBA) and ETBA(XTBA) curves in the water-rich region and for the VW(XW) curve in the TBA-rich region. The unusual volumetric behavior found for the TBA–water mixtures at both ends of the composition may be attributed to the formation of strong hydrogen bonding between water and TBA molecules and to the unique properties of pure water, itself (i.e., the very small size of water molecules and the existence of a cluster structure).
The Photoreduction Mechanism of 10-Methylacridinium Chloride in Methnol. The Formation of 9,10-Dihydro-9-methoxy-10-methylacridine and Hydride Transfer
Authors: Kano Koji , Zhou Bin , Hashimoto Shizunobu
Published: July 2006

The photolysis of 9,10-dihydro-9-methoxy-10-methylacridine (MeOA), which is a product of the nucleophilic addition of methanol to 10-methylacridinium chloride, yielded 9,10-dihydro-10-methylacridine (AH2) and 10,10′-dimethyl-9,9′,10,10′-tetrahydro-9,9′-biacridinyl ((AH)2) in various solvents. The quenching experiment using 1,3-pentadiene indicates that AH2 and (AH)2 are produced from the photoexcited singlet and triplet states of MeOA respectively. The results on the solvent effects and the photolyses in solvent matrices at 77 K suggest that the photochemical reaction of MeOA yielding AH2 occurs via hydride transfer from the methoxide anion to the 10-methylacridinium cation, these ions being generated from the heterolysis of MeOA in the photoexcited singlet state.
Synthetic Approach toward Antibiotic Ezomycins. III. Synthesis of a Protected Derivative of the Octose Moiety
Authors: Sakanaka Osamu , Ohmori Takashi , Kozaki Shuji , Suami Tetsuo
Published: July 2006

A protected derivative of the octose moiety of antibiotic ezomycins A1 and A2, 4-N-benzoyl-1-[methyl 3,7-anhydro-2-O-benzoyl-5-(3-N-benzoylureido)-6-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-β-d-threo-d-allooctofuranos-(1,4)-yluronate]cytosine, has been synthesized from 5-acetamido-6-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methylthiomethyll-β-l-erythro-d-allooctofuranose-(1,4) by a series of reactions involving 23 steps.
A Convenient Reduction Method of β-Phenyl α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Me3SiCl–NaI–ROH Reagent
Authors: Sakai Takashi , Miyata Kazuyoshi , Utaka Masanori , Takeda Akira
Published: July 2006

Treatment of β-phenyl α,β-unsaturated ketones, cinnamic acid and its ester with Me3SiCl–NaI–ROH reagent in hexane at room temperature gave the corresponding saturated carbonyl compounds in good yields. A similar reaction of 2,4-hexadienoic acid afforded 4-hexanolide.
Substituent Effects. XVII. Rearrangement in the Acetolysis of 2-Arylethyl Tosylates
Authors: Fujio Mizue , Goto Mutsuo , Seki Yoji , Mishima Masaaki , Tsuno Yuho , Sawada Masami , Takai Yoshio
Published: July 2006

The label scrambling within the ethylene chain of the final acetolysis products was determined for a series of α-D2 labeled 2-arylethyl tosylates by using proton NMR spectroscopy and the kΔ⁄ks values were derived from the scrambling ratios. For both buffered and unbuffered acetolysis runs log (kΔ⁄ks) were not correlated linearly with σ° or σ+. Application of the LArSR Eq. results in linear correlations with excellent precision, log (kΔ⁄ks)=−3.70 (σ°+0.63Δ\barσR+)+0.152 for the unbuffered run and log (kΔ⁄ks)=−3.97 (σ°+0.60Δ\barσR+)−0.207 for the buffered run. The ρΔ and rΔ values for the aryl-assisted pathway are estimated from the above apparent values based on the reasonable assumption of small ρs values for the ks pathway.
Ultraviolet Studies and Fluorescence Quenching of Some Aromatic Primary Amines
Authors: Mukherjee Samaresh
Published: July 2006

The fluorescence quenching of o-aminobenzoic acid, 1-naphthylamine, aniline, p-toluidine, m-toluidine, and N,N-dimethylaniline by 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzenedicarbaldehyde (VII) was studied. The equilibrium constant of hydrogen bonding in the ground state was evaluated from the absorption spectral change for various donor–acceptor (D–A) pairs. The rate constants of hydrogen-bond formation as well as decomposition in the excited state were evaluated in the case of several donor–acceptor pairs from fluorescence intensity measurements. In addition, the mechanism of fluorescence quenching and absorption spectral shift when VII acted as a quencher/proton donor (D) was discussed on the basis of charge-transfer and hydrogen-bond interaction.
Some Properties of Iron(III) Selenite and Its Applications for the Determination of Thorium
Authors: Thind Pritam Singh , Gandhi Jatinder Singh
Published: July 2006

A new inorganic ion exchanger, iron(III) selenite has been synthesized having an Fe:Se ratio of 2:3 and cation exchange capacity of 0.40 meq g−1. It is fairly stable in water and dilute solutions of acids, bases, and salts. Ion distribution studies on twenty one metal ions have been done in water. Iron(III) selenite granules in H+-form have also been used as indicators in the determination of thorium in presence of some rare earth cations using hexacyanoferrate(II) as titrant. On the basis of chemical analysis, pH titrations, thermal and infrared analyses the following scheme for the decomposition of iron(III) selenite has been proposed:

2Fe2O3·3H2SeO3·2H2O\overset140°C→2Fe2O3·3H2SeO3\overset500°C→2Fe2O3.
Synthesis of Bromoacetyl Derivatives by Use of Tetrabutylammonium Tribromide
Authors: Kajigaeshi Shoji , Kakinami Takaaki , Okamoto Tsuyoshi , Fujisaki Shizuo
Published: July 2006

Orange crystalline tetrabutylammonium tribromide was prepared using a simple method. The reaction of acetyl derivatives with an equimolar amount of the tribromide in dichloromethane–methanol at room temperature gave bromoacetyl derivatives in fairly good yields.
Anisotropic Rotation of Perylene Studied by Fluorescence Depolarization Method
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Hirota Kanji , Yamamoto Masahide , Nishijima Yasunori
Published: July 2006

Rotational diffusion coefficients of perylene in solution were determined by a fluorescence depolarization technique. An asymmetric rotor approximation is more appropriate than an oblate approximation for perylene. The ratio of the diffusion coefficients suggests that a partially slipping boundary condition should be taken into account for this system.
Derivation of the Quantity of Catenanes in Equilibrium Polymeric Mixtures
Authors: Suematsu Kazumi , Ogura Haruo
Published: July 2006

A theoretical consideration is introduced regarding catenation in an equilibrium mixture. The quantity of catenane from rings i and j is expressed as [φ(i,j)]\simeqΦPE [Ri][Rj]. The symbols Φ, P, and E denote the catenation probability, the overlapping probability and the penetration probability. At θ points or above a critical monomer concentration C*, E\simeq1. Then, the above equation leads to the analogous form reported previously.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of a Thiolate-Bridged Binuclear Nickel(II) Complex, [Ni2{SCH(CH2CH2NH2)2}2]Br2
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Kida Sigeo , Murase Ichiro
Published: July 2006

The crystal structure of bis[μ-(1,5-diamino-3-pentanethiolato)-N,N′, μ-S]-dinickel(II) bromide was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The complex has a thiolate-bridged binuclear structure, with a dihedral angle 145.2° between the two coodination planes.
Polarographic Determination of Surfactants
Authors: Kinoshita Hideaki , Kobayashi Mie , Matsuoka Asao
Published: July 2006

The suppression of the polarographic oxygen maximum current and the decrease of the differential capacity at a potential of zero charge by surfactants are proportional to the concentration of the surfactants in a dilute solution. Constants representing the abilities for suppressing the maximum current and decreasing the capacity were obtained concerning some thirty surfactants.
Ring Transformation of 1,3-Dinitroquinolizin-4-one with Enolate Anions
Authors: Ariga Masahiro , Matsumura Eizo
Published: July 2006

The ring transformation of 1,3-dinitroquinolizin-4-one, which is one of the condensed ring compounds of 1-substituted 3,5-dinitro-2-pyridone series, with enolate anions, R1CH2CO\barCHCOR2, gave the corresponding 2-COR2-6-R1-4-nitrobenzene-1,3-diols. The results show that carbonyl carbon of the quinolizinone behaves as reaction site in the ring transformation.