bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Milk Active Ingredient, 2′-Fucosyllactose, Inhibits Inflammation and Promotes MUC2 Secretion in LS174T Goblet Cells In Vitro
Authors: Yao Qianqian , Li Huiying , Gao Yanan , Zheng Nan , Delcenserie Véronique , Wang Jiaqi
Published: January 2023

In several mice inflammatory models, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were shown to protect the intestinal barrier by promoting mucin secretion and suppressing inflammation. However, the functions of the individual HMOs in enhancing mucin expression in vivo have not been compared, and the related mechanisms are not yet to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the modulatory effects of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL), galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) and lactose (Lac) on goblet cells’ functions in vitro. The appropriate dosage of the four chemicals was assessed in LS174T cells using the CCK-8 method. Then they were supplemented into a homeostasis and inflammatory environment to further investigate their effects under different conditions. Mucin secretion-related genes, including mucin 2 (MUC2), trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3), resistin-like β (RETNLB), carbohydrate sulfotransferase 5 (CHST5) and galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 2 (GAL3ST2), in LS174T cells were detected using quantitative RT-qPCR. The results showed that 2′-FL (2.5 mg/mL, 72 h) was unable to increase MUC2 secretion in a steady-state condition. Comparatively, it exhibited a greater ability to improve mucin secretion under an inflammatory condition compared with GOS, demonstrated by a significant increase in TFF3 and CHST5 mRNA expression levels (p > 0.05). However, 3′-SL and Lac exhibited no effects on mucin secretion. To further investigate the underlying mechanism via which 2′-FL enhanced goblet cells’ secretion function, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) gene, which is closely related to MUC2 secretion, was silenced using the siRNA method. After silencing the NLRP6 gene, the mRNA expression levels of MUC2, TFF3 and CHST5 in the (2′-FL + tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) + NLRP6 siRNA) group were significantly decreased compared with the (2′-FL + TNF-α) group (p > 0.05), indicating that NLRP6 was essential for MUC2 expression in goblet cells. We further found that 2′-FL could significantly decrease toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, p < 0.05), myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88, p < 0.05) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB, p < 0.05) levels in LS174T inflammatory cells, even when the NLRP6 was silenced. Altogether, these results indicated that in goblet cells, 2′-FL exerts its function via multiple processes, i.e., by promoting mucin secretion through NLRP6 and suppressing inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
Consumer Behavior Concerning Meat Consumption: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Veiga Claudimar Pereira da , Moreira Mirian Natali Blézins , Veiga Cássia Rita Pereira da , Souza Alceu , Su Zhaohui
Published: January 2023

Recent research has consistently related the production and consumption of meat with environmental degradation, health problems, and damage to animal welfare. However, meat consumption represents a well-established eating behavior among many consumers. After all, meat is a central food in many cultures, and changing eating habits can be very challenging. Nevertheless, there is a group of consumers who have reduced the consumption of meat in their diet. Understanding the facilitators and barriers that influence these behavioral changes in different cultures and contexts can help to promote future collective reductions in meat consumption. This article investigates the main facilitators of and barriers to the reduction of consumption in the largest meat-consuming market in the world to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on meat-reduced diets. In order to achieve this objective, semi-structured interviews were conducted with consumers who reduced their meat consumption. In this context, a content analysis was conducted to identify 22 facilitators and 15 barriers classified according to the COM-B system. This system conceptualizes Behavior, which can be influenced by Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation. The results of this research corroborate previous discoveries or confirm the presence of a set of facilitators of and barriers to the reduction of meat consumption previously suggested in the literature.
Evaluation of In Vitro and In Silico Anti-Alzheimer Potential of Nonpolar Extracts and Essential Oil from Mentha piperita
Authors: Srief Manel , Bani Moustafa , Mokrani El Hassen , Mennai Imad , Hamdi Mehdi , Boumechhour Abdenour , Abou Mustapha Mohamed , Derdour Mouna , Kerkatou Messouad , El-Shazly Mohamed , Bensouici Chawki , Nieto Gema , Akkal Salah
Published: January 2023

The anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities with chemical composition and molecular docking of essential oil and nonpolar extracts of Mentha piperita were evaluated using enzymatic and chemical methods. Molecular docking tools were used to explain the interaction of the major chemical constituents with the enzymes. GC/MS analyses revealed that the main compounds in M. piperita essential oil were l-menthone (43.601%) followed by pulegone (21.610%), linolenic acid (25.628%), and l-menthone (10.957%), representing the major compounds of the petroleum ether extract. Imidazoquinoline (7.767%) and 17-N-acetyl-oroidine (5.363%) were the major constituents of the chloroform extract. Linolenic acid (19.397%) and l-menthone (6.336%) were the most abundant compounds in the hexane extract. The M. piperita essential oil and nonpolar extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity. The essential oil showed the most promising anticholinesterase activity with IC50 = 10.66 ± 0.12 µg/mL and IC50 = 16.33 ± 0.03 µg/mL against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), respectively, close to galantamine in AChE and more active in BChE, followed by the interesting activity in the petroleum ether extract with IC50 = 23.42 ± 3.06 µg/mL in AChE and IC50 = 62.00 ± 3.22 µg/mL in BChE. The docking experiments showed that among the seven major identified compounds, N-acetyl-17-oroidine showed the highest binding score (63.01 in AChE and 63.68 in BChE). This compound was found to bind the catalytic and peripheral sites, resulting in more potent inhibitory activity than galantamine, which only binds to the catalytic site. These findings suggested the possible use of M. piperita essential oil and nonpolar extracts as a potential source of alternative natural anti-Alzheimer compounds.
Application of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for the Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Cooked Ham
Authors: Fiore Alfonsina , Treglia Ida , Ciccaglioni Gianni , Ortoffi Marco Francesco , Gattuso Antonietta
Published: January 2023

Changing eating habits and rising demand of food have increased the incidence of foodborne diseases, particularly in industrialized countries. In this context, contaminated ready-to-eat food (RTE) may be a vehicle for the transmission of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), a foodborne pathogen responsible of listeriosis, a severe infectious disease involving humans and animals. It would be useful to have rapid detection methods to screen the presence of L. monocytogenes in food. In this study, a colorimetric Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was applied to the detection of L. monocytogenes in 37 experimentally contaminated RTE meat samples. The LAMP primers consisted of a set of six primers targeting eight regions on the hlyA gene; the assay was carried out in 30 min at 65 °C in a water bath. Amplification products were visualized by color change assessment. The results of colorimetric LAMP assays based on the hly gene obtained in this study were compared to microbiological cultural methods, real-time PCR and real-time LAMP PCR, which show 100% specificity and sensitivity. These data suggest that colorimetric LAMP assays can be used as a screen to detect L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat food.
Effects of Maturity and Processing on the Volatile Components, Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Leaf
Authors: Ma Zhili , Ma Yu , Liu Yin , Zhou Bei , Zhao Yalin , Wu Ping , Zhang Dexin , Li Deyuan
Published: January 2023

In this study, fresh lotus leaves at two maturity stages were processed to tea products by different methods (white-tea process, green-tea process and black-tea process). The volatile compounds, phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of lotus-leaf tea were investigated. A total of 81 volatile components were identified with HS-GC-IMS. The mature lotus-leaf tea showed more volatile compounds than the tender lotus-leaf tea. The lotus leaf treated with the white-tea process had more aroma components than other processing methods. In addition, six types of phenolic compounds, including luteolin, catechin, quercetin, orientin, hyperoside and rutin were identified in the lotus-leaf tea. The mature leaves treated with the green-tea process had the highest levels of TPC (49.97 mg gallic acid/g tea) and TFC (73.43 mg rutin/g tea). The aqueous extract of lotus-leaf tea showed positive scavenging capacities of DPPH and ABTS radicals, and ferric ion reducing power, whereas tender lotus leaf treated with the green-tea process exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. What is more, the antioxidant activities had a significant positive correlation with the levels of TPC and TFC in lotus-leaf tea. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the manufacture of lotus-leaf-tea products with desirable flavor and health benefits.
Mechanisms and Health Aspects of Food Adulteration: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Momtaz Mysha , Bubli Saniya Yesmin , Khan Mohidus Samad
Published: January 2023

Food adulteration refers to the alteration of food quality that takes place deliberately. It includes the addition of ingredients to modify different properties of food products for economic advantage. Color, appearance, taste, weight, volume, and shelf life are such food properties. Substitution of food or its nutritional content is also accomplished to spark the apparent quality. Substitution with species, protein content, fat content, or plant ingredients are major forms of food substitution. Origin misrepresentation of food is often practiced to increase the market demand of food. Organic and synthetic compounds are added to ensure a rapid effect on the human body. Adulterated food products are responsible for mild to severe health impacts as well as financial damage. Diarrhea, nausea, allergic reaction, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc., are frequently observed illnesses upon consumption of adulterated food. Some adulterants have shown carcinogenic, clastogenic, and genotoxic properties. This review article discusses different forms of food adulteration. The health impacts also have been documented in brief.
A Convolution Method for Numerical Solution of Backward Stochastic Differential Equations Based on the Fractional FFT
Authors: Fu Kexin , Zeng Xiaoxiao , Li Xiaofei , Du Junjie
Published: January 2023

BSDEs are applied in many areas, particularly in finance and economics. In this paper, we extended the convolution method to numerically solve FBSDEs. First, a generalized θ-scheme is applied to discretize the backwards component. Second, the convolution method is used to solve the conditional expectation. Third, the resulting convolution is dealt with numerically by the Fourier transform. Therefore, the fractional FFT algorithm is applied to compute the Fourier and inverse the transforms. Then, we prove some error estimates. Finally, a numerical example is implemented to test the efficiency and stability of the proposed method.
Fourth-Order Numerical Solutions for a Fuzzy Time-Fractional Convection–Diffusion Equation under Caputo Generalized Hukuhara Derivative
Authors: Zureigat Hamzeh , Al-Smadi Mohammed , Al-Khateeb Areen , Al-Omari Shrideh , Alhazmi Sharifah E.
Published: January 2023

The fuzzy fractional differential equation explains more complex real-world phenomena than the fractional differential equation does. Therefore, numerous techniques have been timely derived to solve various fractional time-dependent models. In this paper, we develop two compact finite difference schemes and employ the resulting schemes to obtain a certain solution for the fuzzy time-fractional convection–diffusion equation. Then, by making use of the Caputo fractional derivative, we provide new fuzzy analysis relying on the concept of fuzzy numbers. Further, we approximate the time-fractional derivative by using a fuzzy Caputo generalized Hukuhara derivative under the double-parametric form of fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, we introduce new computational techniques, based on fuzzy double-parametric form, to shift the given problem from one fuzzy domain to another crisp domain. Moreover, we discuss some stability and error analysis for the proposed techniques by using the Fourier method. Over and above, we derive several numerical experiments to illustrate reliability and feasibility of our proposed approach. It was found that the fuzzy fourth-order compact implicit scheme produces slightly better results than the fourth-order compact FTCS scheme. Furthermore, the proposed methods were found to be feasible, appropriate, and accurate, as demonstrated by a comparison of analytical and numerical solutions at various fuzzy values.
Exponential Scattering for a Damped Hartree Equation
Authors: Alharbi Talal , Boulaaras Salah , Saanouni Tarek
Published: January 2023

This note studies the linearly damped generalized Hartree equation iu˙−(−Δ)su+iau=±|u|p−2(Jγ∗|u|p)u,0<s<1,a>0,p≥2. Indeed, one proves an exponential scattering of the energy global solutions, with spherically symmetric datum. This means that, for large time, the solution goes exponentially to the solution of the associated free problem iu˙−(−Δ)su+iau=0, in Hs norm. The radial assumption avoids a loss of regularity in Strichartz estimates. The exponential scattering, which means that v:=eatu scatters in Hs, is proved in the energy sub-critical defocusing regime and in the mass-sub-critical focusing regime. This result is presented because of the gap due to the lack of scattering in the mass sub-critical regime, which seems not to be well understood. In this manuscript, one needs to overcome three technical difficulties which are mixed together: the first one is a fractional Laplace operator, the second one is a Choquard (non-local) source term, including the Hartree-type term when p=2 and the last one is a damping term iau. In a work in progress, the authors investigate the exponential scattering of global solutions to the above Schrödinger problem, with different kind of damping terms.
Simulative Study of an Innovative On-Demand Transport System Using a Realistic German Urban Scenario
Authors: Wang Shen , Weber Thomas , Schramm Dieter
Published: January 2023

Trams are a meaningful means of public transport in urban traffic. However, trams have some well-known disadvantages. These include, for example, possibly long distances to the stop, long waiting times, and lack of privacy, among others. The innovative mobility concept “FLAIT-Train” offers solutions to the problems mentioned. The FLAIT-train operates on ordinary roads and is intended to offer DOOR-2-DOOR transport. In the first application phase, the FLAIT-train runs on exclusive lanes but in the future can mix with other traffic. They are designed as vehicles with 2 seats and 1 m width. The vehicle technology of FLAIT-trains is similar/identical to battery-electric autonomous vehicles. This paper uses traffic simulations to investigate whether FLAIT trains are a suitable alternative to conventional trams, taking simulated/theoretical transport capacities in passenger-kilometers per day into account. Using the software SUMO (“Simulation of Urban Mobility”), a realistic traffic scenario is generated. In this scenario, the operation of the FLAIT-Trains and the trams are simulated under the same conditions and based on statistical data. Based on the simulation results, the performances of the FLAIT-Trains and the trams are compared.
Refining Orbits of Bright Binary Systems
Authors: Miroshnichenko Anatoly S. , Danford Stephen , Andronov Ivan L. , Aarnio Alicia N. , Lauer Duncan , Buroughs Holly
Published: January 2023

We obtained spectra of several bright binary systems (ζ02 UMa, 2 Lac, and ϕ Aql), which were mostly observed with photographic plates and whose orbits were not determined very accurately. Each system was monitored for a few years with the 81-cm telescope equipped with an échelle spectrograph at the Three College Observatory in North Carolina. The spectra were taken in a wavelength range between 4000 and 7900 Å with a spectral resolution of R∼ 12,000. Radial velocity measurements were done using cross-correlation in selected spectral regions or by measuring positions of individual spectral lines. Refined orbits and stellar parameters are presented.
Research Progress of High-Temperature Resistant Functional Gel Materials and Their Application in Oil and Gas Drilling
Authors: Fang Junwei , Zhang Xiong , Li Liang , Zhang Jianjun , Shi Xin , Hu Guangqiang
Published: January 2023

With the development of oil exploration, the number of complex situations encountered in the drilling process is continuously increasing. During the operation of large displacement and horizontal wells, the safe density window of drilling fluid is narrow in complex formations and the lost circulation problem is becoming increasingly prominent. This can easily cause the drilling fluid to enter the formation from inside the well through lost circulation channels, which will prolong the drilling cycle, increase drilling costs, affect geological logging, and could cause a series of malignant accidents (such as blowout, sticking of a drilling tool, borehole collapse, and well abandoned). According to the severity, common lost circulation can be classified into three types: fractured lost circulation, karst cave lost circulation, and permeability lost circulation. Currently, researchers are developing different types of lost circulation materials (LCMs) for various lost circulation situations. Compared with conventional lost circulation control methods, the polymer gel lost circulation control technique applies a three-dimensional cage-like viscoelastic body formed via the crosslinking reaction of polymer gels. These materials have strong deformability and can enter fractures and holes through extrusion and deformation without being restricted by lost circulation channels. They then settle in the lost circulation formation and form a plugging layer through a curing reaction or swelling effect. Among the polymer gel LCMs, high-temperature resistant polymer gels can either be used alone or in combination with other LCMs, bringing the advantages of adjustable gelation time, strong lost circulation control ability, and strong filtration ability of the plugging slurry. Moreover, they are suitable for the lost circulation control of microporous leaky layer and have limited influence on the performance of drilling fluids. Therefore, the high-temperature resistant polymer gel lost circulation control technique is increasingly becoming a hot spot in the research of LCMs nowadays. This paper summarizes the research progress into high-temperature resistant functional gels for profile control and water shutoff, lost circulation prevention and control, and hydraulic fracturing. Furthermore, the current application status of high-temperature resistant gels and high-temperature resistant gel temporary plugging agents is demonstrated, followed by a detailed overview of the gel-breaking methods. Overall, this research lays the theoretical foundation for the application and promotion of high-temperature resistant gels.
Update on Chitosan-Based Hydrogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Its Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Applications
Authors: Thirupathi Kokila , Raorane Chaitany Jayaprakash , Ramkumar Vanaraj , Ulagesan Selvakumari , Santhamoorthy Madhappan , Raj Vinit , Krishnakumar Gopal Shankar , Phan Thi Tuong Vy , Kim Seong-Cheol
Published: January 2023

Chitosan is a prominent biopolymer in research for of its physicochemical properties and uses. Each year, the number of publications based on chitosan and its derivatives increases. Because of its comprehensive biological properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and tissue regeneration activities, chitosan and its derivatives can be used to prevent and treat soft tissue diseases. Furthermore, chitosan can be employed as a nanocarrier for therapeutic drug delivery. In this review, we will first discuss chitosan and chitosan-based hydrogel polymers. The structure, functionality, and physicochemical characteristics of chitosan-based hydrogels are addressed. Second, a variety of characterization approaches were used to analyze and validate the physicochemical characteristics of chitosan-based hydrogel materials. Finally, we discuss the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antifungal uses of supramolecular chitosan-based hydrogels. This review study can be used as a base for future research into the production of various types of chitosan-based hydrogels in the antibacterial and antifungal fields.
A Novel Variant in RAD21 in Cornelia De Lange Syndrome Type 4: Case Report and Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: De Falco Alessandro , De Brasi Daniele , Della Monica Matteo , Cesario Claudia , Petrocchi Stefano , Novelli Antonio , D’Alterio Giuseppe , Iolascon Achille , Capasso Mario , Piscopo Carmelo
Published: January 2023

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects many organs. The diagnosis of this condition is primarily clinical and it can be confirmed by molecular analysis of the genes known to cause this disease, although about 30% of CdLS patients are without a genetic diagnosis. Here we report clinical and genetic findings of a patient with CdLS type 4, a syndrome of which the clinical features of only 30 patients have been previously described in the literature. The index patient presented with clinical characteristics previously associated with CdLS type 4 (short nose, thick eyebrow, global development delay, synophrys, microcephaly, weight < 2DS, small hands, height < 2DS). She also presented cardiac anomalies, cleft palate and laryngomalacia, which was never described before. The index patient was diagnosed with a novel de novo RAD21 variant (c.1722_1723delTG, p.Gly575SerfsTer2): segregation analysis, bioinformatic analysis, population data and in silico structural modelling indicate the pathogenicity of the novel variant. This report summarizes previously reported clinical manifestations of CdLS type 4 but also highlights new clinical symptoms, which will aid correct counselling of future CdLS type 4 cases.
Prenatal Diagnosis of PPP2R1A-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using Whole Exome Sequencing: Clinical Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Lei Tingying , Zhen Li , Yang Xin , Pan Min , Fu Fang , Han Jin , Li Lushan , Li Dongzhi , Liao Can
Published: January 2023

PPP2R1A-related neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) is expressed with autosomal dominant inheritance and is typically caused by a pathogenic de novo PPP2R1A mutation. It is characterized by the predominant features of hypotonia, developmental delay, moderate-to-severe intellectual disability, agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC), ventriculomegaly, and dysmorphic features; however, none of these anomalies have been diagnosed prenatally. We report on the prenatal diagnosis of PPP2R1A-related NDD in two fetuses by whole exome sequencing. Fetus 1 had partial ACC and severe lateral ventriculomegaly; the pathogenic heterozygous c.544C > T (p. Arg182Trp) de novo missense variant in PPP2R1A was detected. Fetus 2 had severe enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles and macrocephaly; they showed a heterozygous likely pathogenic mutation in PPP2R1A gene (c.547C > T, p. Arg183Trp). Both variants were de novo. This was the first study to use trio WES to prenatally analyze fetuses with PPP2R1A variants. Prenatal diagnosis will not only expand the fetal phenotype of this rare genetic condition but also allow for an appropriate counseling of prospective parents regarding pregnancy outcomes.
Role of Urban Landscapes in Changing the Irrigation Water Requirements in Arid Climate
Authors: Saher Rubab , Stephen Haroon , Ahmad Sajjad
Published: January 2023

The estimation of urban irrigation water requirements has often been approached from an agricultural perspective. This approach is flawed, as the intention of estimating agricultural water is to optimize yield. Recent studies have reported that urban irrigation systems waste about 34% of water, an alarming number for arid cities. The intention for urban irrigation is complex and dependent on the microclimates created by the development of the landscape. In this paper, we investigate the role of the urban landscape on the irrigation water requirements in arid cities. The role of the landscape in determining the irrigation water requirements is examined through the changes in surface-heat energy exchanges. The effects of landscapes are examined through land use change, buildings’ geometry and orientation, and vegetation types. The irrigation water requirement is assessed as the function of urban evapotranspiration and irrigation efficiency. The development of land use characteristics includes the transition from undeveloped (natural) surfaces to residential, commercial, road surfaces, or vegetated surfaces. The orientation and geometry of the streets are assessed by changes in sky view factor values due to building geometry. Three landscapes varying in vegetation type and water use are investigated. The study focuses on understanding the heat exchanges and their effects on irrigation water requirements in arid climates. Two major cities were studied: Las Vegas Valley and Phoenix metropolitan. The study concludes that the development of hardscapes, including commercial and road infrastructures, increases the overall surface temperature by 2 °C per unit change in albedo, thereby increasing evapotranspiration and urban irrigation water requirement. In addition, landscape diversity also plays a crucial role in changing the irrigation water requirement. This study highlights the importance of making development decisions in urban settings and their effects on water resources. It also contributes by providing the major factors changing the urban irrigation requirement. The study can help urban water managers and climatologists to develop improved urban irrigation models.
Virtual Fossils for Widening Geoeducation Approaches: A Case Study Based on the Cretaceous Sites of Figueira da Foz (Portugal) and Tamajón (Spain)
Authors: Ozkaya de Juanas Senay , Barroso-Barcenilla Fernando , Berrocal-Casero Mélani , Callapez Pedro Miguel
Published: January 2023

Accessible palaeontological sites conform highly adequate out-of-school environments for meaningful learning experiences regarding formal and non-formal teaching of geosciences. With a perspective of international cooperation, two correlative Cenomanian–Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) outcrops from the Iberian Peninsula have been chosen as the focus of this project—the sections of Figueira da Foz (Portugal) and Tamajón (Spain)—along with the Palaeontological and Archaeological Interpretation Centre of Tamajón (CIPAT). Virtualization of fossil samples and sites has been undertaken by means of phase-shift scanning, photogrammetry, and small object scanning by structured light and laser triangulation, resulting in three-dimensional virtual models of the main fossil tracks and invertebrate fossil samples. These virtual fossils have allowed the development of transdisciplinary didactic activities for different educational levels and the general public, which have been presented as file cards where the age of participants, objectives, multiple intelligences, European Union key competences, needed resources, development, and further observations are specified. This work aims to contribute to improving the design and development of didactic sequences for out-of-school education at these sites, organizing effective transdisciplinary teaching tools, and developing awareness, values, and responsibility towards geoheritage.
Telemedicine: Issues in the Analysis of Its Use in Elderly People and in People with Disabilities, According to the Perspective of the Clinical Psychology of Disability
Authors: Petretto Donatella Rita , Gaviano Luca , Carrogu Gian Pietro , Berti Roberta , Pinna Martina , Pili Roberto
Published: January 2023

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to a sudden increase in the speed of the digitization process, which has affected several areas of life (public administration, schools, universities, and healthcare, and extending to so-called “digital citizenship”) [...]
Artificial Intelligence in NAFLD: Will Liver Biopsy Still Be Necessary in the Future?
Authors: Zhang Lei , Mao Yilei
Published: January 2023

As the advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will significantly increase the risks of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. However, there is no non-invasive method to distinguish NASH from NAFLD so far. Additionally, liver biopsy remains the gold standard to diagnose NASH, which is not appropriate for routine screening. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) is under rapid development in many aspects of medicine. Additionally, the application of AI in clinical information may have the potential to diagnose NASH non-invasively. This review summarizes the latest research using AI, specifically machine learning, to facilitate the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of NAFLD. Additionally, according to our prior results, this work proposes future development in this area.
Increase the Number of Views and Shares of COVID-19 Videos: Content Relevance and Emotional Consistency with Virus Variant Topics
Authors: Liu Jingfang , Lu Caiying , Lu Shuangjinhua
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: The coronavirus variants have posed serious challenges for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals selectively watch and forward videos that help them reduce the damage caused by the virus. Therefore, the factors influencing video viewing and sharing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by virus variation must be explored. (2) Method: Based on a combination of uncertainty reduction theory and functional emotion theory, this paper designed hypotheses regarding how content relevance and emotional consistency affect video views and shares. We used the support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm to measure the content relevance between videos and virus variant topics. We performed sentiment analysis of video text to evaluate the emotional consistency between videos and virus variant topics. Then, we used empirical analysis to build the model. (3) Results: The trained SVM classifier was effective in judging whether the video text was related to virus variant topics (F = 88.95%). The content relevance between COVID-19 videos and virus variant topics was generally low. The results showed that the higher the content relevance, the more views (IRR = 1.005, p = 0.017) and shares (IRR = 1.008, p = 0.009) the video received. Individuals were more willing to view (IRR = 1.625, p < 0.001) and share (IRR = 1.761, p < 0.001) COVID-19 videos with high emotional consistency with virus variant topics. (4) Conclusions: The results of empirical analysis showed that content relevance and emotional consistency between videos and virus variant topics significantly positively impacted video views and shares. The trained SVM classifier can support public health departments in monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study provides management advice while helping individuals reduce harm and inform next-step decisions.
Effect of Combined Exercise Program on Lower Extremity Alignment and Knee Pain in Patients with Genu Varum
Authors: Moon Hyung-Hoon , Seo Yong-Gon , Kim Won-Moon , Yu Jae-Ho , Lee Hae-Lim , Park Yun-Jin
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to assess the effect of a combined exercise program on lower-extremity alignment and knee pain in patients with genu varum. Forty-seven middle-aged women with knee pain and genu varum were randomly divided into the exercise (EG, n = 24) and control (CG, n = 23) groups. The exercise group underwent a combined exercise program lasting 60 min in one session, three times a week for 12 weeks. Knee-to-knee length (KTKL), hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA), hip inclination angle (HIA), and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were assessed to evaluate lower-extremity alignment. To evaluate knee pain, the short form-McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) were used. There was a significant difference between the groups, and a decrease of 16% in KTKL (from 6.48 ± 1.26 cm to 5.47 ± 1.21 cm) was shown in EG. Other variables, including HKAA, HIA, and MPTA on the right side, showed significant differences between pre- and post-intervention in EG (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01, respectively). SF-MPQ score improved with 45% from 18.75 ± 1.64 to 10.33 ± 2.47 after exercise intervention in EG. These results suggest that the combined exercise program, including strength and neuromuscular exercises, is an effective intervention for improving lower-extremity alignment and knee pain in middle-aged women with genu varum.
Physician’s Perspectives on Factors Influencing Antibiotic Resistance: A Qualitative Study in Vietnam
Authors: Di Khanh Nguyen , Tay Sun Tee , Sri La Sri Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Pham Duy Toan , Wong Li Ping
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: The antibiotic resistance (ABR) rates are escalating to seriously high levels worldwide. This study was conducted to determine physicians’ perspectives on factors influencing ABR in Vietnam. (2) Methods: Focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted through in-depth interviews on ABR perspectives with 5–6 physicians from different geographical locations and hospitals in Vietnam between March and June 2020. The research questions were focused on three main themes of (a) knowledge deficiency on ABR and hospital-acquired infection, (b) antibiotic prescribing practice among clinicians in the healthcare setting, and (c) regulations and hospital policies on antibiotic use. The descriptive analysis was performed using QRS NVivo software. (3) Results: A total of six FGDs were conducted among 34 physicians (18 males, 16 females) aged 26–53 years old from six public and six private hospitals in Vietnam. Most of the participants were attending physicians (85.3%) and had 5–10 years of experience in surgical wards (55.9%). For theme (a), a majority of participants agreed that they had adequate information updates on how ABR develops in their clinical setting; and were well aware of hospital-acquired infections. For theme (b), the participants agreed that WHO guidelines and Vietnam national guidelines were two important reference documents in guiding physicians in antibiotic use. For theme (c), the FGD study revealed awareness of ABR, hospital antibiotic policies, and procedures for administrators on antibiotic use that were updated and complied with. (4) Conclusions: While different levels of control measures against ABR are ongoing in Vietnam, several weaknesses in the current antibiotic prescribing strategies in the hospital and clinical setting management policies have been identified in the healthcare system. The research findings will be helpful for policymakers to have better plans of action against ABR in Vietnam.
Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of the Modified Thai Version of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (MT-CHBMS)
Authors: Suriyong Patinya , Jiraniramai Surin , Wongpakaran Nahathai , Pinyopornpanish Kanokporn , Angkurawaranon Chaisiri , Jiraporncharoen Wichuda , Champion Victoria L. , Wongpakaran Tinakon
Published: January 2023

Background: While breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among Thai women, breast self-examination (BSE), mammography, and ultrasound use are still underutilized. There is a need to assess women’s beliefs about breast cancer and screening in different cultural settings. As a result, a tool to measure the beliefs that influence breast-cancer-screening practices is needed. Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing individuals’ attitudes toward breast cancer and screening methods, but it has not been validated in Thai women. The study aimed to translate and validate the CHBMS for breast self-examination and mammography among Thai women and to modify the original scale by adding ultrasound items for breast cancer screening. In addition, the purpose of this study was to create a modified Thai version of the CHBMS which could be used to better understand patients’ beliefs regarding breast cancer screening in Thailand, in order to develop practical and effective interventions suited to their beliefs. Methods: The CHBMS was translated into Thai, validated by a panel of experts, back-translated, modified by adding content about ultrasound for screening breast cancer, and pretested. Confirmatory factor analysis was used with a sample of 130 Thai women aged 40 to 70 years old. Result: The final MT-CHBMS consisted of 64 items determining ten subscales: susceptibility, seriousness, benefits—breast self-examination, benefits—mammogram, barriers—BSE, barriers—mammogram, confidence, health motivation, benefits—ultrasound, and barriers—ultrasound. The MT-CHBMS demonstrated excellent internal consistency. The ten-factor model was best fitted to the data. Conclusion: The MT-CHBMS was found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring individuals’ attitudes toward breast cancer and screening methods. The scale could be easily used by healthcare providers to determine the beliefs before planning appropriate interventions to increase early detection.
Sexual Function, Physical Activity, Mean Amplitudes and Maximal Voluntary Contraction of Pelvic Floor Muscles Are Related to Handgrip Strength: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Duarte Natália de Souza , Bittencourt Kayonne Campos , Soares Cleuma Oliveira , Ferreira Clicia Raiane Galvão , Soares Wenderk Martins , Tavares Victória Brioso , da Silva Amanda Suzane Alves , da Costa Priante Caren Heloise , das Neves Pablo Fabiano Moura , da Silva Souza Givago , de Campos Gomes Fabiana , Carneiro Nunes Erica Feio , Rodrigues Cibele Nazaré Câmara , de Melo Neto João Simão
Published: January 2023

Pelvic floor musculature assessment methods are generally invasive, subjective, and technologically expensive. Therefore, there is a need to identify other methods that can predict changes in the function of these muscles. This study aimed to verify whether the levels of strength and myoelectric activity of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) can be related to handgrip strength (HGS), to ensure faster and earlier identification of possible dysfunctions of this musculature. Furthermore, we verified whether these variables vary across different age groups. This was a cross-sectional observational study involving 44 healthy women. The women were divided into two groups: the young (18–35 years) and middle-aged (36–55 years) adult groups. Social, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected from the participants, and a functional assessment of their PFM was performed by bidigital palpation, electromyographic biofeedback (sEMG), and HGS (using a dynamometer). The levels of physical and sexual activity were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Sexual Quotient–Female version (SQ-F) questionnaire. There were no differences in HGS, power/pressure, sEMG, SQ-F score, or IPAQ score between the two groups (p > 0.05). Moderate correlation (r = 0.601; p = 0.019) was observed during multivariate analysis. HGS is related to mean amplitudes (p = 0.123), MVC (p = 0.043), sexual function (p = 0.049), and physical activity (p = 0.004). We therefore conclude that there were no differences between HGS and PFM strength in young adult and middle-aged women. Furthermore, HGS is related to the PFM functionality, sexual function, and physical activity.
Telephone-Based Smoking Cessation Counseling Service: Satisfaction and Outcomes in Vietnamese Smokers
Authors: Ngo Quy-Chau , Doan Lan Phuong Thi , Vu Giap Van , Phan Thu-Phuong , Chu Hanh Thi , Duong Anh Tu , Vuong Quan-Hoang , Ho Manh-Tung , Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Vuong Thu-Trang , Nguyen Tham Thi , Nguyen Hien Thu , Nguyen Anh Hai Tran , Ho Cyrus S. H. , Ho Roger C. M.
Published: January 2023

Background: As a method to acknowledge the devastating health and economic impacts of tobacco usage worldwide, telephone-based tobacco cessation counseling services have emerged as a potential tool to aid people in their quitting process. This study explores the satisfaction of smokers who use the QUITLINE service and factors associated with their quit attempts and cessation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 110 participants was conducted from June to July 2016 at the Respiratory Center at Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Multivariate logistic regression was used, and it was found that the percentage of people quitting smoking increased after using the service. Results: In total, 65.5% of participants were completely satisfied with the counseling service. The mean score of staff/s capacity/responsiveness, motivation, and service convenience were 4.37 ± 0.78, 4.30 ± 0.81, and 4.27 ± 0.66, respectively. The smoking relapse rate was relatively high at 58.3%, which mainly resulted from cravings and busy work (26.2% and 14.3%, respectively). A higher satisfaction score in “Staffs’ capacity and responsiveness” was negatively associated with “ever tried to quit smoking in consecutive 24 h” and actually quit smoking after receiving counseling. Meanwhile, a higher score in the “Motivation” domain was positively associated with both quit attempt indicators as well as actually quitting smoking after receiving counseling (OR = 9.48; 95%CI = 2.27; 39.57). Conclusions: These results suggest that it is crucial for decision makers to place more focus on countermeasures for smoking relapse and to strengthen the capacity of staff, especially in motivating clients. Interventions should also be maintained throughout a long period of time to prevent relapse.
Effects of a Post-Traumatic Growth Program on Young Korean Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Bae Ka Ryeong , So Wi-Young , Jang Seyong
Published: January 2023

Background: This study aimed to enhance post-traumatic growth in young breast cancer patients by providing them with self-disclosure and social support resources, to reduce intrusive rumination and increase deliberate rumination. This study was conducted at a university-based cancer center in Seoul, South Korea. The study included a four-week group-based psychoeducational program, which supported the post-traumatic personal growth of breast cancer patients. The primary outcome was increased post-traumatic growth, and the secondary outcomes were rumination, distress, and traumatic perception. Methods: The study included 38 young breast cancer patients, with a mean age of 42.21 years and mean time since diagnosis of 13.84 months. Results: Results of the study revealed statistically significant improvements in total post-traumatic growth and all subdomains, after the intervention (p < 0.001) and one month later (p < 0.001), as compared to the baseline. A significant improvement was also observed in deliberate rumination after the intervention (p = 0.038). Furthermore, the patients had a statistically significant decrease in anxiety, after the intervention (p = 0.035) and one month later (p = 0.005), as compared to the baseline. Conclusions: Overall, the program encourages activities that promote post-traumatic growth, enabling young breast cancer patients to return to their normal lives. Specifically, the growth allows patients to return to work and maintain a healthy body and mind. The results of this study indicate that this program can be used as an effective psychological intervention for young breast cancer patients.
Archaeological Classification of Age of Sail Shipwrecks Based on Genever’s Material Culture
Authors: Jarvis Charlotte
Published: January 2023

This article analyses archaeological evidence for jenever (spelled genever in English) in the Dutch Republic during the Age of Sail (1550–1850). Although excessive alcohol consumption among mariners is a stereotype, there has been surprisingly little critical scholarly work on the subject. Genever was used on ships for medicinal purposes during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but no thorough analysis of alcohol consumption broadly in a Dutch (VOC, WIC, Admiralty) maritime context has been done to date. Since the Dutch stored genever in a distinctive bottle, the archaeological record is helpful to examine Dutch ship’s genever consumption. This article theorises that material evidence of genever for personal consumption and as a commodity for export can be used to aid in identifying a shipwreck’s nationality, and that hypothesis is tested through analysis of a sample of European wrecks excavated along the global shipping routes of Dutch commercial and naval sailing vessels. There is a strong correlation between the presence of both case bottles (kelderflessen) and, later in the period, stoneware bottles (jeneverkruiken) with Dutch shipwrecks or maritime archaeology sites and this is strongly suggested to consider for archaeologists faced with a shipwreck of unknown origin.
QTL Analysis of Morpho-Agronomic Traits in Garden Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)
Authors: García Verónica , Castro Patricia , Die Jose V. , Millán Teresa , Gil Juan , Moreno Roberto
Published: January 2023

In order to understand the genetic control of quantitative agronomic traits in garden asparagus, we performed a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. A population (n = 167) derived from a cross between a female and male plants was evaluated for morpho-agronomic traits over three years. Interval mapping (IM) and restricted multiple QTL mapping (rMQM) analysis was applied, and 18 QTLs were detected. QTLs were located in two linkage groups (LG): 5 in LG5 and 13 in LG6. The physical position of markers of both groups was mapped onto the reference genome through BLAST analysis. LG5 and LG6 match with chromosome 1 (sex-determining chromosome) and chromosome 5, respectively. Haplotypes of both chromosomes of the heterozygous parent and their progeny were obtained, and a bin map was developed. Bins were used to map the QTLs on the reference genome and to perform the association analysis with the morpho-agronomic traits. Two major and stable QTLs over the years (R2 > 10%) for number of stalk and earliness were mapped in the end of chromosome 1 into a bin that spans 3.25 Mb and includes the sex-determination locus. In chromosome 5, some QTLs were located in the center of chromosome for the year 2016. Branching is tightly regulated by both internal factors (such as plant hormones) and external factors (such as light conditions). QTLs for branching height and earliness were detected in a bin that spans 4.96 Mb. Functional annotation of genes within the two bins revealed candidate genes with potential roles in SA and light signaling and photomorphogenesis pathways that may be involved in branching and/or tillering. This is the first study providing the identification of genomic regions associated with yield-related morpho-agronomic traits in asparagus.