bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Inclusive Green Growth in Türkiye Have an Impact on Global Warming?
Authors: Özarslan Doğan Başak
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze the relationship between inclusive green growth and global warming for Türkiye with the help of the 1991-2020 period data set. In this context, in the study, the inclusive green growth index was first created with the help of 'Principal Components Analysis by using the components that make up inclusive green growth to represent inclusive green growth. Then, the impact of the inclusive green growth index, total labor force, and technological development on global warming was analyzed using the Johansen cointegration test, FMOLS, DOLS, and CRR estimators. The results contain evidence in all three models that the role of inclusive green growth in Türkiye is ineffective in reducing global warming. In addition to these results, the effect of technological development on global warming was found to be negative and statistically significant in all three models. However, it was found that the impact of the total labor force on global warming was negative in all three models. Still, the coefficient was statistically significant only in the DOLS estimator. It is of great importance to ensure inclusive green growth in Türkiye, ensuring financial inclusion, increasing the qualified workforce and directing public resources to more productive areas.
Internationalisation of a Mayor: Sadiq Khan’s Involvement in the Brexit Process
Authors: Uz Hançarlı Pınar
Published: July 2024

After his re-election as the mayor of London, Khan underlined “the scars of Brexit” that are not healed yet. His political stance against leaving the EU has formed a critical interference of Khan in a foreign policy decision of national government. In the light of the literature on internationalisation of non-central government, this study aims to explain Khan’s “actorness” in the aftermath of Brexit referendum by utilizing Hocking’s (1999) theoretical framework. Dimensions of the mayor’s involvement in the Brexit process are explained under the categories of initiators, channels and targets; yet a new grouping titled voices proposed by this study would complete the whole picture of analysis. The press releases derived from the official website of London government constitute the basis of research material.
Azerbaycan ve Seçilmiş Diğer BDT Üyesi Ülkelerde Tarımsal Katma Değeri Etkileyen Faktörlerin Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: Heydarova Mehriban , Saatçioğlu Cem
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2005-2022 yılları arasında Azerbaycan ve seçilmiş diğer BDT üyesi ülkelerde (Belarus, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Moldova, Rusya, Tacikistan) tarımsal katma değeri etkileyeceği düşünülen faktörlerin panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmesidir. Analiz sonucunda modelde yer alan sabit sermaye yatırımları (SS), kentleşme oranı (KO) ve modelin sabitine ait katsayıların %95 güven düzeyinde anlamsız olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Panel veri yöntemi kapsamındaki analiz sonuçlarına göre bağımlı değişken olan tarımsal katma değer ile bağımsız değişkenler olan tarımsal işgücü oranı (TİO), tarımın devlet harcamalarındaki payı (TDH) ve tarımsal kredi (TK) değişkenleri arasında pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Hyaluronic Acid as Object of Analysis and Accessory Material for X-Ray and Laser Science: a Review
Authors:   ITMO University, Russia, Snetkov P.P. , Shaikenov R.O. ,   ITMO University, Russia, Serbun P.G. ,   ITMO University, Russia, Wu H. ,   ITMO University, Russia,   Changchun University of Science and Technology, China, Bauman D.A. ,   ITMO University, Russia, Wang Z. ,   Changchun University of Science and Technology, China, Morozkina S.N. ,   ITMO University, Russia
Published: July 2024

Modern medicine greatly needs high-effective and safe medications and diagnostic agents. Encapsulation of pharmaceutical agents having low water solubility and lipophilicity into biopolymer matrixes allows to increase the bioavailability of such systems. Hyaluronic acid is one of the most suitable polymer for this purpose. However, in spite of the large amount of drug delivery systems based on it, the structure of such systems is unknown, which hinder the development of high effective therapeutic medication and, as a result, the transition toward personalized medicine. X-ray, laser and synchrotron techniques could help us to understand the interaction between the drug and polymer matrix, that allow to further extend for another biological molecules. This review aims to discuss current status of the previous investigations of materials based on hyaluronic acid via X-ray, laser and synchrotron methods of analysis. Moreover, key information related to hyaluronic acid is provided.
Possibilities of using the accelerated rehabilitation program (ERAS) for gastric cancer in elderly patients
Authors: Khlobystin R. Yu. , Kukosh M. Yu. , Ter-Ovanesov M. D.
Published: July 2024

The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of implementing the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in perioperative treatment of an 80-year-old female patient with gastric stump carcinoma.

Analysis of the clinical case and available literature data was performed. The concept of ERAS demonstrates its effectiveness not only in standard oncosurgical practice, but also can be successfully extended to difficult clinical situations including in elderly patients. However, personalized approach to development of a specific ERAS protocol is necessary taking into account surgery volume, concomitant pathology and individual patient characteristics.

The use of individually selected points of the ERAS protocol taking into account oncological diagnosis, comorbidity, the type and technical features of the upcoming operation make the surgical stage of treatment not only safe, devoid of postoperative complications, but also more comfortable for the patient, positively affecting their quality of life. Оur experience can be successfully applied in real clinical practice.
Earthquake Detectability and Depth Resolution with Dense Arrays in Long Beach, California: Further Evidence for Upper-Mantle Seismicity within a Continental Setting
Authors: Inbal Asaf , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Clayton Robert
Published: July 2024

The Newport–Inglewood fault (NIF) is a slowly deforming fault cutting through a thin continental crust with a normal geothermal; yet it hosts some of the deepest earthquakes in southern California. The nucleation of deep earthquakes in such a continental setting is not well understood. Moreover, the deep seismogenic zone implies that the maximum NIF earthquake magnitude may be larger than expected. Here, we quantify the resolution of the Long Beach (LB) and the Extended Long Beach (ELB) dense arrays used to study deep NIF seismicity. Previous study of the regional catalog and of downward-continued LB array data found NIF seismicity extending into the upper mantle beneath LB. Later studies, which analyzed the ELB raw data, found little evidence for such deep events. To resolve this inconsistency, we quantify the array’s microearthquake detectability and resolution power via analysis of pre- and postdownward migrated LB seismograms and benchmark tests. Downward migration focuses energy onto the source region and deamplifies the surface noise, thus significantly improving detectability and resolution. The detectability is also improved with the increase in the array aperture-to-source-depth ratio. The LB array maximum aperture is only 20% larger than the ELB aperture, yet its resolution for deep (>20 km) events is improved by about a factor of two, suggesting that small changes to the array geometry may yield significant improvement to the resolution power. Assuming a constant aperture, we find the LB array maintain resolution with 1% of its sensors used for backprojection. However, the high-sensor density is essential for improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Analysis of the regional and array-derived NIF catalogs together with newly acquired Moho depths beneath the NIF suggests that mantle seismicity beneath LB may be a long-lived feature of this fault.
Reactivated Seismogenic Faults and Earthquake Source Mechanisms in the Snyder Area of Texas
Authors: Huang Guo-Chin Dino , Savvaidis Alexandros
Published: July 2024

Stretching across New Mexico and Texas of the United States, the greater Permian basin is composed of two subunits—the Delaware and the Midland basins. Induced seismicity in the greater Permian basin has significantly increased since 2008, which has revealed previously unmapped seismogenic structures in several geographic regions. Among them, the Snyder area of northwest Texas has a long history of oil and gas activities, resulting in a higher rate of induced seismicity. In this study, we investigated these previously unknown seismogenic structures using three main approaches: (1) relocated and delineated seismicity, (2) performed waveform moment tensor inversion to determine earthquake source mechanisms, as well as (3) conducted stress inversion to assess the stress state. The results show that the overall depth range of seismicity is 0–5.5 km and concentrated in a range of 2–3 km below mean sea level, in the top portion of the crystalline basement. As we have determined 297 source mechanisms, their collective pattern presents a mix of strike-slip and normal faulting, suggesting an extensional strain field at the edge of the Midland basin. We have identified nine significant seismogenic episodes by distinctive increases of seismic moment release in 2017–March 2024. The results also demonstrate a temporal variation of b-value spanning across the seismogenic episodes, associated with the progression of fault reactivation initiated by fluid injection.
Memories of the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake
Authors: Bakun William H.
Published: July 2024

The 17 October 1989 M 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake was the most significant earthquake to impact the San Francisco Bay region since 1906. It occurred 26 min before the scheduled start of the third game of the World Series between the San Francisco Giants and their across-the-bay rivals, the Oakland A’s. Those watching the pregame TV broadcasts from north of San Francisco saw the impacts of the strong shaking at Candlestick Park well before the shaking hit them—a clear demonstration of the physics underlying earthquake early warning systems: electromagnetic transmission is about 100,000 times faster than the propagation of seismic waves through the earth. Every earthquake is different, with unique features, and the Loma Prieta earthquake was unique in many respects. This article describes some of those unique aspects from the perspective of the Seismology Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey, located in Menlo Park, California, roughly midway between the epicenter and Candlestick Park.
Legal and Constitutional Aspects of the Triple Union: On the History of Federalism in East-Central Europe in the Modern Era
Authors: Malec Jerzy
Published: July 2024

The history of European federalism, including associations of union in which the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth participated, has recently become particularly topical. Quite a lot was written about it, in particular the Polish-Lithuanian Union linking the two states over several centuries. Whereas relatively little is known about the history of attempts made in the early modern era to create a power in Central and Eastern Europe based on a union of states that were particularly important in the region at the time. This idea of a union was to unite three states: Poland, Lithuania and Russia, hence the name Triple Union (Pol. unia troista), was first outlined in 1572. It was then renewed at three successive elections until 1587. It was also current during the reign of Sigismund III Vasa, until 1613, when Mikhail Romanov ascended the Moscow throne, starting a new dynasty. With the election of Romanov as Tsar, the project of the Triple Union was abandoned, although Vladislav IV still laid claim to the Moscow throne for a dozen or so years (until 1634), but these claims no longer had any great practical significance and were finally abandoned. Plans for a union advanced by the Polish side often referred to the solutions applied in the earlier acts of union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This testifies to a strongly developed federalist practice which was characteristic of the Commonwealth, and was at the same time implemented in its own peculiar way. Undoubtedly, the greatest impact on the negotiations was exerted by the Union of Lublin, which at that time was still quite recent. Its provisions, and at the same time the positive effects that is provided for both nations, likely shaped the consciousness of the nobility during the preparation of subsequent diplomatic missions to Moscow. The idea of a Triple Union was undoubtedly one of the boldest political projects of the era. Although it is true, that the concept of the Triple Union remained only in the sphere of projects, it was nevertheless of great importance in the 16th and 17th centuries. However, no dedicated study has yet appeared that would comprehensively present its development, content and significance. This article is an attempt to even partially fill this gap in Polish historiography.
Tobacco Smuggling: Legal Response to the Eastern European Inflow
Authors: Laszuk Mirosława , Perkowska Magdalena
Published: July 2024

Cigarette smuggling is an important part of the illicit cigarette trade in the European Union. The most frequently cited reason for smuggling is a significant difference in cigarette prices resulting from the large share of customs and taxes (primarily the excise tax) in cigarette prices. The magnitude of this phenomenon in a given country depends, among other things, on its geopolitical location and its legal, economic and social conditions. Poland, taking into account its geopolitical location, is one of the EU countries that are crossed by “transit routes” for cigarette smuggling, including the route across the EU’s internal border between Poland and Lithuania. At the same time, it is a country where smuggling detection rates are high. Customs control by customs administration bodies based on risk analysis, supported by international exchange of information, and their cooperation with other entities on the national, European, and international level are of particular importance in this regard. The main objectives of the article are to identify the legal arrangements for customs control as the primary guarantor of compliance with the prohibitions and restrictions on international trade in goods and to assess its impact on the rates of detection of cigarette smuggling.
Personal Marriage Law of the Second Polish Republic in the Eastern Lands of the Former Russian Partition
Authors: Dworas-Kulik Judyta
Published: July 2024

The article describes the problems facing the marriage law in the eastern parts of the Second Polish Republic. These issues are mainly due to the lack of codification of matrimonial law throughout the territory of the Republic of Poland and the fact that exclusively civil jurisdiction in matrimonial matters was not implemented, as it was envisaged in Lutostański’s proposal. The decisions of ecclesiastical courts led to the creation of substantially invalid marriages and the spreading of legal bigamy. Failure to observe state regulations concerning the jurisdiction of ecclesiastical courts in dissolution or nullity cases, as well as mutual non-recognition of judgments of the ecclesiastical courts contributed to the creation of areas called “divorce meccas”. These designations referred to the Eastern Orthodox and Calvinist Church existing in the eastern territories of the Second Polish Republic. Taking into account the above, the article is intended to compare factors destabilising marriage law in the areas in question. To analyze this issue, primarily the historical and legal method was used.
The role of anesthesiology in modern cardiac surgery: overview of key techniques and issues
Authors: Novikova A.I. , Lyubushkin V.E. , Studenikina A.V. , Albotova D.K. , Torchinova D.A. , Chkareuli D.N. , Kazakova M.S. , Sevriugina E.A. , Pyrchenkova A.S. , Bakhmeteva P.I.
Published: July 2024

Anesthesiology plays a key role in modern cardiac surgery, ensuring the safe conduct of surgical interventions on the heart and blood vessels. The paper provides an overview of the main techniques and problems in the field of anesthesiology in cardiac surgery. The first section is devoted to the basic methods of anesthesiological provision of cardiac surgery. He describes the various types of anesthesia used in cardiac surgery, including general anesthesia, epidural and spinal anesthesia, as well as combined methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them are considered, as well as the specifics of their application, depending on the type of operation and the patient’s condition. The second section examines the key problems faced by anesthesiologists in cardiac surgery. This includes managing hemodynamic parameters during surgery, monitoring heart and respiratory function, ensuring adequate analgesia, and preventing possible complications such as myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, hypothermia, and thromboembolic events. Special attention is paid to solving problems related to patients with concomitant diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. The article discusses the features of the use of cardiothoracic anesthesia in cardiac surgery, as well as emerging problems and prospects in this area. An overview of the use of anesthesia in the field of cardiac surgery is presented, both current challenges and problems in this area are highlighted. The current state of anesthesia in cardiac surgery is analyzed and a number of problems faced by anesthesiologists during cardiac surgery, including problems of cardiothoracic anesthesia, are highlighted. This includes difficulties with controlling the depth of anesthesia, ensuring safety while maintaining artificial circulation, managing fluid balance, and monitoring cardiac function during surgery. The article reveals the relevance and importance of the work of anesthesiologists in cardiac surgery and the problems they face, as well as reveals the prospects for the development of anesthesia in cardiac surgery. This work will help anesthesiologists and cardiac surgeons better understand the specifics of anesthesiological care in cardiac surgery and effectively solve emerging problems, ensuring maximum safety and comfort for patients.
‘Hair Color Repigmentation in the Recipient Area‘: A Newly Recognized Phenomenon after Hair Transplantation
Authors: Al-Bakaa M.K. , B. M.B.C. , S. C.A.B.M.
Published: July 2024

Background: Hair color repigmentation in the recipient area is a newly detected phenomena after hair transplantation. It’s detected especially in patients with gray or white hairs in the donor area, in which transferring these follicles to the recipient area stimulate them to regain their original blackish color, this may occur due to various stimulants that release during wound healing of slits after hair transplantation that trigger melanin production within the melanocyte inside the hair roots and promote hair repigmentation in the recipient area. Aim: The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of hair color repigmentation phenomena in the recipient area after hair transplantation. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we detect thirty-four patients that develop hair color restoration phenomena in the recipient area after undergoing hair transplantation throughout a 1-year follow-up period. 1438 patients that undergo hair transplant between August 2021 and May 2023 were enrolled in this study among them 34 patients with white or gray hair in the donor area were vulnerable to hair color restoration phenomena, each patient was assessed both objectively and subjectively to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of this phenomenon and the percentage of hair follicles restore their original blackish color that transplanted to the recipient area. Results: Thirty-four patients with white or gray hair in the donor area were enrolled in this study that completed 1-year follow-up period. The evaluation score includes (percentage of patients show hair color restoration in the recipient area after hair transplantation, percentage of hair follicles show change in their original color, degree of color restoration among transplanted follicles in the recipient area) and patient’s satisfaction score showed greater positive results in which the majority of the patients with white or gray hair in the donor area restore their original blackish color of their hair after transplanted to the recipient area. Conclusion: Hair color repigmentation in the recipient area is a newly detected phenomena after hair transplantation surgery. Most patients with white or gray hair in the donor area show regain their original blackish color of their hair follicles in the recipient area after hair transplantation. We think that detecting this phenomenon will give us insight about how we can restore the original color of our white or gray hair by understanding the mechanism of how the melanocytes within the hair root regain their ability of melanin production after hair transplantation.
Cardiometric study of the cardiovascular system performance under the influence of prolonged smoking and some other stresses
Authors: Rudenko M.Y. , Deberdeev M.A. , Chepiga A.O.
Published: July 2024

Using an example of one patient, who smoked, who was found in some other stressful situations for 50 years and later suffered an acute myocardial infarction, the dynamics of the state of the cardiovascular system in cardiometric studies is shown herein. The results showed a direct relationship between the deterioration of the cardiovascular system performance and long-term smoking accompanied by some other stress types. Using the diagnostic capabilities of cardiometry, it was possible not only to avoid open heart surgery in the patient in question, but also to restore the cardiovascular system performance after two stenting operations. It has been shown that for the restoration of the cardiovascular system performance after an acute infarction, along with stenting, constant breathing exercises using one of the widespread conventional breathing training systems are extremely important.
U.S. Public Health Transformation
Authors: Guchanova Anastasia
Published: July 2024

The article is dedicated to the transformation of U.S. public health. The author examines the key features of market mechanisms in the industry that determine the inevitability of government regulation on the sphere. The author conceptually analyses the main institutions of the US national health care model, their main characteristics and features. The main stages of the evolution of public health care in the USA are analyzed and identified. Created to address economic, social and demographic problems that affect the health of the population, it has significantly expanded its mandate in the provision medical services and today is formally subordinated to the task of providing affordable insurance and medical care. However, the issue remains a hotly contested political battle, and the outcome of the election race could change the intended trajectory of development.
Desarrollo y validación de una escala de ansiedad basada en el modelo de los cinco factores
Authors: Abal Facundo Juan Pablo , Lozzia Gabriela Susana , Attorresi Horacio Félix
Published: July 2024

Se presenta el proceso de construcción de una escala para medir la faceta Ansiedad según el Modelo de los Cinco Factores. A partir de una revisión de las definiciones teóricas y operacionales de autores relevantes en el tema, se redactaron 13 ítems con formato tipo Likert. Estos ítems fueron sometidos a juicio experto y una prueba piloto. Luego se administraron a 742 adultos de población general residentes en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina (55.3% mujeres, edad media = 38 años y DE = 13.9 años). Se verificó la unidimensionalidad mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio. El ajuste del Modelo de Respuesta Graduada de Samejima (2010) fue satisfactorio para todos los ítems. Se aportan evidencias de validez convergente y discriminante con Big Five Inventory y SCL-90-R. No se halló funcionamiento diferencial del ítem por género. Se obtuvieron indicadores óptimos de consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach = .85, Alfa Ordinal = .88 y Omega Ordinal = .88). La fiabilidad marginal obtenida en el marco de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem resultó de .88. La Función de Información del Test fue adecuada en un rango amplio de niveles del rasgo latente. Se concluye que la escala de la faceta Ansiedad cuenta con evidencias de validez y confiabilidad suficientes que dan garantías para su aplicación.
Relación entre gaudibilidad (moduladores del disfrute) y procrastinación patológica
Authors: Malvaez Pardo Angel Alejandro , Padrós Blázquez Ferran , Montoya Pérez Karina Salud , Montoya Pérez Rocio , Martínez Medina María Patricia
Published: July 2024

La postergación frecuente de actividades que se asocian a un reforzador a largo plazo, pero a una acción poco gratificante de forma inmediata, tiende a causar problemas; cuando esto sucede, dicha postergación puede considerarse patológica. Por otro lado, la gaudibilidad alude al conjunto de moduladores que regulan el disfrute experimentado. Se infiere que las personas con alta gaudibilidad pueden ser menos vulnerables a la procrastinación debido a que tienen más elementos para disfrutar de las tareas frente a aquellas personas que habitualmente se procrastinan. Debido a la ausencia de evidencia empírica, el objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la relación entre la gaudibilidad y la procrastinación patológica. Para ello, se administró la Escala de Procrastinación Irracional y la Escala de Gaudibilidad para Adultos de Morelia a una muestra de 337 personas mayores de 18 años. Se observó una relación negativa entre la procrastinación y los factores Interés, Concentración, Disfrute en Soledad y la puntuación total de la escala de Gaudibilidad. No obstante, en el modelo de regresión, el factor Imaginación aparece relacionado positivamente con la procrastinación. Los resultados abren la posibilidad de realizar intervenciones coadyuvantes mediante el uso de algunas técnicas de abordaje como las que aparecen en la terapia de gaudibilidad para reducir la procrastinación patológica.
Government and agricultural cooperation in Russia at the beginning of the XX century
Authors: Konovalov Ivan N. ,   Saratov State Law Academy
Published: July 2024

The article examinestherelationship between government and agriculturalcooperation in Russia.First of all,the oppressive activities of the central office, which was represented by various ministries and departments, as well as the activities of the local administration, represented by the Institute of governors, provincial committees on small loans, inspections of small loans at local branches of the State Bank, zemstvo chiefs, and the police are being investigated.
Relations with allies in the anti-Hitler coalition in the process of repatriation of Soviet citizens: Difficulties and contradictions (1944–1945)
Authors: Bichehvost Alexander F. ,   Saratov State Law Academy
Published: July 2024

The article examines the problems of the history of relations between the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition in the process of repatriation of Soviet citizens at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War and after its end. The reasons that prevented the return of Soviet citizens to their homeland in 1944–1945 due to the fault of the Anglo-American allies are investigated.
The story of liberated Hamburg in the spring of 1814
Authors: Gunko Andrew А. ,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2024

This article examines the history of the liberation of General L. L. Bennigsen in the spring of 1814 the city-state of Hamburg from soldiers of the Great Army of Napoleon. After a grueling, almost year-long occupation of acrowdedcity that hassurvived the destruction of entire districts, the looting of a local bank, the expulsion of part of the local population from the city, an epidemic of typhus, which claimed the lives of several thousand people, the citizens welcomed the Allied Coalition Forces in the vicinity of theircity again. Incontrast to the first liberation of thecity from the French in the spring of 1813 local authorities now prepared for official celebrations more thoroughly. A special regulation was drawn up and the rules of conduct for the entry of Allied troops into the city were communicated to the citizens through the press. The main imperative of both the city and the Allied military command is to avoid revenge excesses. Also, the article, based on the analysis of sources of personal origin and the press of that time, reveals the perception of occupation by the allied troops of the city as a local population and Russian officers.
Intravaginal probiotics before embryo transfer do not improve pregnancy rates in recurrent implantation failure cases: An RCT
Authors: Jafarabadi Mina Naghi , Hadavi Farnaz , Ahmadi Maedeh , Masoumi Masoumeh , Zabihzadeh Sara
Published: July 2024

Background: Considering the considerable influence of the vaginal microbiome on endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation, we hypothesized that cases of recurrent implantation failure (RIF) might benefit from the intravaginal probiotic administration.
Objective: Evaluation of the effects of intravaginal probiotic administration before frozen embryo transfer (FET) on the rates of pregnancy and the status of vaginal lactobacillary flora in cases of RIF.
Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, parallel-group, clinical trial conducted at an infertility clinic in Tehran, Iran between January 2021 and September 2022. A total of 166 reproductive-aged women with a history of unexplained RIF were randomly assigned to either the probiotic group or the control group (n = 83/each group). The probiotic group received intravaginal probiotics (LactoVag ®) daily for 2 wk from the second day of the menstrual cycle along with the routine treatment of FET. The control group received only the routine treatment of FET. The primary outcome was the chemical pregnancy rate, and the secondary outcomes were the clinical pregnancy rate and the status of vaginal lactobacillary flora.
Results: A total of 163 participants were included in the final analysis. The probiotic group had a slightly higher chemical pregnancy rate than the control group (39.02% vs. 33.33%), but the difference was not statistically significant (risk ratio: 1.71, 95% CI: 0.77–1.76; p = 0.449). The clinical pregnancy rate was also non-significantly higher in the probiotic group than the control group (37.80% vs. 33.33%; RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.76–1.74; p = 0.623).
Conclusion: Intravaginal probiotic administration did not significantly improve the pregnancy rates in RIF cases undergoing FET. Further studies are needed to explore the optimal dose, duration, and timing of probiotic administration, as well as the mechanisms of action and the potential adverse effects of probiotics on the vaginal microbiome and the implantation process.
Key words: Assisted reproductive technique, Probiotics, Microbiota, Pregnancy rate
Short-term effects of antenatal betamethasone on fetal cardiovascular and circulation status: A quasi-experimental observational (before-after) study
Authors: Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh , Amiri Amir , Shabani Azadeh , Enayati Yasamin Soufi , Mostafaeipour Neda , Mousavi Vahed Seyede Houra , Nezamnia Maria , Sheykhian Toktam
Published: July 2024

Background: The administration of antenatal corticosteroid is a standard treatment to reduce the rate of perinatal mortality and morbidity; however, there is limited evidence regarding the potential effects of betamethasone on the constriction of the ductus arteriosus (DA).
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of antenatal betamethasone on fetal cardiovascular and circulation status.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental observational (before-after) study was conducted on 32 singleton fetuses. The participants were healthy pregnant women with a diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum who were eligible for 2 doses of betamethasone and referred to prenatal care clinic, Vali-E-Asr hospital; Tehran, Iran from January 2021-May 2022. The results of fetal echocardiography and Doppler sonography were compared before and after the administration of antenatal corticosteroid therapy.
Results: Following betamethasone injection, significant increases were observed in peak systolic and diastolic velocity of the DA without constriction of the DA (p < 0.001, p = 0.002 respectively). However, no significant changes were observed in right ventricular function, tricuspid valve function, Doppler of ductus venous, and peak systolic velocity of the aortic isthmus (p > 0.05). Doppler examination of the uterine, umbilical, and middle cerebral arteries also showed no significant changes (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the benefits of antenatal corticosteroid therapy, its administration seems reasonable in preterm births. The transient changes in ductal blood flow are not prohibitive.
Key words: Betamethasone, Premature birth, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Echocardiography, Fetus.
Tubal ectopic molar pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Tafti Mojgan Hajisafari , Garizi Sajad Zare , Mazidi Fatemeh
Published: July 2024

Background: Ectopic molar pregnancy (EMP) is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease that occurs when a hydatidiform mole implants outside the uterus.
Case Presentation: We describe a 35-yr-old woman with mild abdominal pain, delayed menstruation for 2 months, and high beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels. Sonography revealed a heterogeneous hyperechoic mass in the left adnexa and fluid in the endometrial cavity, suggestive of a tubal EMP. She underwent endometrial curettage and left salpingectomy. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of invasive hydatidiform mole/left tubal EMP. The case recovered well and had no complications.
Conclusion: This case highlights the need for early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of EMP to avoid serious consequences from persistent trophoblastic tumors.
Key words: Ectopic molar pregnancy, Ectopic pregnancy, Hydatidiform mole.
Oculoplastic Conditions in Covid-19 Patients: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Yvon Camille , Patel Bhupendra , Ng John , Altman Marcus , Malhotra Raman
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To investigate oculoplastic conditions in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seen at ophthalmology departments of three tertiary referral centers in the United Kingdom and the United States, and review of the literature.
Methods: Retrospective multicenter case series studied over 18 months.
Results: A total of four patients developed eyelid, orbital, or lacrimal gland pathology within four weeks of testing positive for COVID-19. All were male, and the mean age at presentation was 49 (range, 31–58 years). Suspected diagnoses included anterior idiopathic orbital inflammation, facial angioedema, dacryoadenitis, and anophthalmic socket inflammation. Three patients recovered fully and one patient recovered partially (mean 2.7 weeks) from ocular manifestations with steroids hastening recovery.
Conclusion: Adnexal manifestations of COVID-19 include self-limiting orbital inflammation and eyelid lymphedema.
Elevated Smooth Pursuit Gain in Collegiate Athletes with Sport-related Concussion Immediately Following Injury
Authors: Taylor Madison , Berryhill Marian , Mathew Dennis , Murray Nicholas G
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Although there is evidence that sport-related concussion (SRC) affects oculomotor function and perceptual ability, experiments are often poorly controlled and are not replicable. This study aims to test the hypothesis that there are decreased values when assessing oculomotor impairment indicating poorer performance in SRC patients.
Methods: Fifteen DI athletes presenting with SRC (7 females, 8 males) and 15 student volunteers (CON) (12 females, 3 males) completed a dynamic visual acuity (DVA) task that involved answering the direction of a moving stimulus (Landolt C) while wearing a head-mounted binocular eye tracker. There were 120 trials total with 60 trials presenting at 30º per second and 60 presenting at 90º per second. Various eye movement measurements, including horizontal smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) gain and saccadic peak velocity, were analyzed between groups using univariate ANOVAs. Saccade count in SPEM trials, accuracy, and vision were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis tests.
Results: There was no statistical difference in saccadic peak velocity: SRC = 414.7 ± 42º/s, CON = 406.6 ± 40.6º/s. A significant difference was found between SRC patients and healthy controls in horizontal SPEM gain (SRC = 0.9 ± 0.04, CON = 0.86 ± 0.03, F(1,28) = 7.243, P = 0.012) indicating that patients demonstrated compensatory eye movements when tracking the target. There were significantly more saccades in all SPEM trials (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: SRC oculomotor deficits manifest as elevated horizontal SPEM gain when assessed within 48 hours of injury and compared to healthy controls within the same age range. SRC demonstrates altered oculomotor ability. While accurate in tracking a stimulus, SRC patients may conduct less controlled eye movements.
Effect of Computer Tasks in Straight Gaze on Corneal Topographic Indices
Authors: Tanhaye Shamsabady Zeinab , Ehsaei Asieh , Mahjoob Monireh
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the near visual task of movie-watching in the straight gaze position on corneal topographic parameters.
Methods: Thirty myopic young adults with an average age of 25.10 ± 4.13 years were recruited for the study. The designed near visual task consisted of watching a movie in the straight gaze position at a distance of 40 cm for 30 minutes. Corneal topography was performed using Oculus Keratograph 4 (OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany) before and immediately after watching the movie, as well as at 10, 20, and 30 minutes intervals after completing this near visual task. Zernike coefficients, asphericity indices, refractive parameters, and diagnostic indices of keratoconus were recorded for statistical analysis.
Results: Movie-watching at a close distance solely using the straight gaze position had no effect on Zernike coefficients (P > 0.130). Also, watching the movie had no effect on other corneal topography parameters including irregularities (P = 0.208), spherical eccentricity (P = 0.270), maximum decentration (P = 0.553), axis of maximum decentration (P = 0.186), peripheral astigmatism (P = 0.179), and average asphericity of the quadrants at 10 to 30º (P > 0.163).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that watching movies in the straight gaze position had no effect on corneal topographic parameters and did not cause errors in corneal topographic measurements.
Evaluation of Intrascleral Lakes after Phaco-Viscocanalostomy using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Shokoohi-Rad Saeed , Ansar Amir-reza , Vatandoost Abbas , Firoozi Javad
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the results of combined phacoemulsification and viscocanalostomy (phaco-VC) in a six-month follow-up and its relationship with intrascleral lake (IL) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG).
Methods: In total, 36 eyes with POAG eligible for phaco-VC were enrolled in this prospective observational study. All patients underwent AS-OCT evaluation and ophthalmologic examination including Goldman tonometry, cup–disc ratio assessment, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, and antiglaucoma medication(s) prior to surgery and one, three, and six months after the surgery. The width, length, area, and circumference of the ILs were evaluated using AS-OCT at each follow-up.
Results: A total of 36 eyes of 34 patients with POAG were investigated in this study. According to the results, the mean age of the patients was 70.09 ± 8.73 years, and the majority of the cases were male (n = 23; 63.9%). The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 20.11 ± 7.22 mmHg on 2.47 ± 1.1 medications, and the mean postoperative IOP reduced to 11.11 ± 2.58 mmHg on 0.11 medications, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). ILs were detectable in all cases which resulted in a 100% qualified success rate. The reduction in the width, area, and circumference of the IL was significant during the six-month follow-up. The relationship between IOP changes and IL parameters on AS-OCT was not significant.
Conclusion: This study evaluated the associations between IL changes and IOP reduction after phaco-VC. A six-month follow-up showed a notable reduction in the IL, but unexpectedly, IOP control did not decline. A reduction in IL diameter, when there is sufficient IOP control, indicates that there may be various IOP lowering mechanisms through VC other than the IL diameters. Further evaluation of VC focusing on long-term changes in IL and Schlemm’s canal diameter is necessary to explain the precise mechanisms of lowering the IOP.
Effect of Pulsed Low-Level Lasers on Adult versus Neonatal Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Moshtaghion Seyed Mohamadmehdi , Abolhosseini Mohammad , Tabeie Faraj , Balagholi Sahar , Suri Fatemeh , Karami Samira , Naraghi Houra , Rezaei Kanavi Mozhgan , Asadi Somayeh
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To investigate the short-term effects of low-level lasers (LLLs; also known as low-power laser therapy) on the structure, genetic, and phenotype of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells from both adult and neonatal sources.
Methods: Cultivated adult and neonatal hRPE cells were irradiated with two types of LLL (630 nm and 780 nm), 1 min daily for five consecutive days.
Results: An increase in doubling time was observed in 630 nm-irradiated adult hRPE cells (P = 0.032). The gene expression profile revealed increased expression of retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65 (RPE65) (P < 0.01 for 630 nm laser, P < 0.001 for 780 nm laser) and nestin (NES) (P < 0.01 for 630 nm laser) in neonatal hRPE cells, upregulation of RPE65 (P < 0.001 for 780 nm laser) and paired box 6 (PAX6) (P < 0.001 for 780 nm laser) genes in adult hRPE cells, and reduced expression of actin alpha 2 (ACTA2) in 780 nm-irradiated adult hRPE cells (P < 0.001). Except for the significant increase of
Combined Brilliant and Trypan Blue As a Vital Dye for Chromovitrectomy
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Fortaleza de Aquino , Sakuno Gustavo , Kato Juliana Mika , Bonatti Rodolfo , Ferreira Álvaro Fernandes , Nakashima Aloisio Fumio , Nakashima Yoshitaka
Published: July 2024

Brilliant blue 0.05% and trypan blue 0.1% were mixed in a proportion of 1:1 in a 1-mL syringe. This combination produced a waterfall effect with the fast sinking of the dye to the posterior pole and little diffusion through the vitreous cavity. Therefore, it can effectively stain the internal limiting membrane and the epiretinal membrane with a good contrast during surgeries for a macular hole, myopic foveoschisis, and macular pucker.
Nurses’ Awareness and Practice Toward Pain Assessment and Management as Fifth Vital Sign in Sudan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abdelmalik Mohammed , Rahama Eltagi , Abbakr Ibrahim , Hamed Abdelelah , Higazy Omnia , Mohammed Almoez , Mohammed Insaf , Nour Safa , Mariod Abdalbasit , Osman Eyas , Mohammaed Mohammaed O , Saeed Abdalrahman
Published: July 2024

Background: Pain is globally prevalent, affecting quality of life and driving most people to seek medical care. Nurses are essential for pain assessment and treatment. Adequate nursing awareness, attitudes, and skills are vital for optimal management. This study investigates nurses’ awareness and practice toward pain assessment and management as the fifth vital sign in Sudan.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study. Convenience sampling was performed to collect information from nurses working at four government hospitals using a self-administered questionnaire 24 November 2020 and 18 April 2021. The study utilized descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis.
Results: A total of 393 registered nurses participated in this study. Most (66.7%) were women, 46.6% were aged 20–25 years, and 69.2% had a bachelor degree. More than half of the nurses had low awareness of pain assessment (51.7%) and management practices (53.7%). A weak positive correlation was observed between awareness and practice (r = 0.280, P = 0.000). Women nurses showed a higher awareness (204.80, P = 0.048). Nurses with a high level of education showed higher awareness (249.32, P = 0.031) and higher practice (272.00, P = 0.029). Nurses working in the critical care unit performed significantly better than others (234.61, P = 0.001).
Conclusion: There is a low level of awareness regarding pain assessment and management practices. This study suggests the need for more research and training programs, especially for nurses with low educational levels.
Bibliometrics Analysis and Thematic Mapping of Global Literature on Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Authors: Dastani Meisam , Mardaneh Jalal , Ahmadi Reza
Published: July 2024

Background: Since human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known as one of the main causes of cervical cancer, medical researchers pay significant attention to this issue2. The current study applies the bibliometric method to identify the trends and advancements of research on HPV worldwide.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using a bibliometric approach. All HPV-related scientific publications in the Web of Science database until 2022, August 30 were included in the statistical population. The Bibliometrix package of the R programming language was used to analyze the data.
Results: In the field of HPV, a total of 45,657 scientific publications were retrieved, the majority of which were articles. The countries with the highest publications were the USA (45,954 document), China (9977), and UK (6652). The words “Infection,” “Cancer,” and “Women” are the most important keywords of scientific publications on HPV. “Cancer,” “infection,” and “women” are the more developed and essential in HPV subject area. “Protein,” “gene-expression,” and “human-keratinocytes” are in this quadrant. “DNA,” “squamous-cell carcinoma,” and “head” keywords are basic themes in the HPV subject area. “Human-papillomavirus vaccination,” “knowledge,” and “attitude” are in this quadrant.
Conclusion: The study suggests the need to enhance the focus on global and public health aspects within HPV research to encourage greater participation from various countries in international research endeavors.