bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benčmarketing u obrazovanju
Authors: Stanišić S , Petrović D.
Published: March 2020

Promjene u ekonomiji i društvu uticale su nafunkcionisanje obrazovnih ustanova i predstavljene su u novomnačinu obavljanja djelatnosti preko unapređenja kvaliteta,jačanja konkurencije i unapređenja rada obrazovnih ustanova.Koncepcija marketinga u obrazovanju pronalazi svoje mjesto umnogobrojnim pravcima, reformama i inovacijama, sa svimmetodama i tehnikama od kojih je jedna primjenabenčmarketinga. Primjena benčmarketinga u obrazovanjupredstavlja koncepciju koja je usmjerena na učenje od najboljihorganizacija iz svoje oblasti. Otvorenost i spremnost obrazovneustanove da podstiče inovacije u svakodnevnom radu, preduslovje za uspješnu primjenu benčmarketinga u obrazovanju.Benčmarketing omogućava da se u obrazovnim ustanovamapromijene postojeće, često neefikasne strukture pomoćusamostalnog otkrivanja novih i boljih rješenja.
Digitalni urođenici i njihovo učenje stranog jezika u svetlu Digitalne mudrosti i homosapiensa
Authors: Jovanović S. , Dabić T.
Published: March 2020

Digitalna pismenost i kompetencije u sveprisutnojdigitalnoj epohi, neizostavne su veštine koje današnji homosapiensmora da poseduje, kako u privatnom, tako i u poslovnom životu.Koristeći različita znanja, iskustva i informacije, čovek može dapostane ‘digitalno mudar’ tako što će na pravilan način pristupatialatima digitalnog doba. Neophodno je dosegnuti kompetentnostprilikom odabira relevantnih informacija, alata i medija, koje namsvet tehnologije i interneta nudi. Od naročite je važnosti da sedigitalne generacije adekvatno usmere ka produbljivanju svogznanja i mišljenja. Neverovatna lakoća pristupa preobiljuinformacija, velikom broju aplikacija i programa, doveli su i dorevolucije u samom učenju digitalne generacije. Posebno se ističesticanje jezičkih veština stranog jezika putem digitalnih alatki, napotpuno inovativan i zanimljiv način. U radu su predstavljenekompetencije koje bi trebalo svako od nas da poseduje, kao i načinipomoću kojih možemo dosegnuti ‘digitalnu mudrost’. Rad,takođe, nudi uvid u svet generacije digitalnih urođenika, kao iuticaj digitalne ere na njihovo obrazovanje i razvoj ličnosti. Uzaključku su date preporuke i putokazi kako iskoristiti sveprednosti digitalnog doba u dostizanju digitalne mudrosti, anaročito kod digitalnih urođenika.
Patenting the results of university research with special reference to biotechnology research
Authors: Damjanović Gordana , Spalević Žaklina
Published: March 2020

Biotechnology and intellectual property are twoareas that have played a significant role in the transformation ofresearch. Intellectual property is generally regarded as animportant driver of innovation in science and technology, as itallows researchers, institutions, and inventors to recover theirinvestments during the period of monopoly rights. The patentsystem encourages innovation by providing patent protection toinventions as well as distributing useful information. Researchersat universities increased their use of patents as sources ofinformation and as a significant tool contributing to the economicprogress of society. Patents have become as important as scientificpapers, especially when assessing the impact of research on societyand the economy. Since today it is expected from the Universitiesnot only to engage in research and teaching but also to makemoney from the knowledge produced. From the collaboration ofresearch institutions and interested companies, Spinoff companieshave been formed, as a form of connecting academic researchersand the private sector. New ways of promoting inventions are fullyin line with the patent protection system. Therefore, patent law isa key factor in the development of innovative technology andprovides investment in further research that is imperative ofmodern societies.
Sequential Endoscopic Findings of a Tuberculous Esophageal Ulcer that Developed into a Traction Diverticulum
Authors: Cha Serin , Yeom Dong Han
Published: March 2020

Esophageal diverticula are uncommon lesions that are usually classified according to location, layers of the wall, and underlying pathogenesis. A true traction esophageal diverticulum, which is commonly seen in the middle one-third of the thoracic esophagus, occurs secondary to mediastinal inflammatory lesions, such as those caused by tuberculosis. Esophageal tuberculosis usually develops secondary to tuberculous lymphadenitis or lung lesion; it manifests with various endoscopic findings such as single or multiple ulcers, elevated lesions with ulcers at the center, extrinsic compressions, fistulas, and rarely, anthracosis. Its shape can vary greatly depending on disease progression and treatment. Herein, we report sequential endoscopic findings of a tuberculous esophageal ulcer that turned into a depressed lesion with black-pigmentation, finally developing into a typical traction esophageal diverticulum in a patient with mediastinal lymphadenitis.
НАША ВСЕЛЕННАЯ И ДРУГИЕ ЗЕМЛИ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: ПОСТНОВ Константин Александрович
Published: March 2020

Вселенная не перестает удивлять нас богатством и разнообразием населяющих ее объектов и происходящих в ней физических процессов. Не перестает удивлять она и Нобелевский комитет, который в очередной раз отметил фундаментальные открытия в астрономии и достижения в космологии, сделанные за прошедшие десятилетия. Название нашего журнала “Земля и Вселенная" почти точно отражает суть Нобелевской премии 2019 г., и об этом стоит подробнее рассказать нашим читателям.
ТРИДЦАТИЛЕТИЕ АСТРОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: МАЛКОВ Олег Юрьевич , САМУСЬ Николай Николаевич , РЯБОВ Михаил Иванович , БОЧКАРЁВ Николай Геннадиевич
Published: March 2020

В статье кратко описаны основные виды деятельности и перспективы Международной общественной организации “Астрономическое общество", отмечающей в 2020 г. свое тридцатилетие.
Effect of Salts and Organic Osmolytes is Due to Conservative Forces
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu I.
Published: March 2020

Background: The impression given in the literature was that the net interaction potential energy, V is the difference between columbic-columbic and total weaker interaction energies. It is proposed however, that in aqueous solution all particles with full formal charges and partial charge (dipoles) contribute to the total interaction as applicable to conservative field but not to the exclusion of hydrophobic interaction if applicable.

Objectives: The objectives are 1) To theoretically elucidate the basis of the intermolecular interaction, 2) To show that effectiveness of an osmolyte which may include inorganic ion to force macromolecular, (un)folding, the m-value, is a function of the implicit mobility (or translational velocity) of the cosolute, 3) To link the m-value to conservative forces (or potential energies, V) and 4) Quantitate the values of V.

Methods: A major theoretical investigation and experimentation using Bernfeld method.

Results and Discussion: There were higher velocities of amylolysis with salt than without it in the presence of ethanol. The magnitude of the calculated V and energy equivalent of the entropic term were higher with higher concentration of ethanol unlike was the case with graphically determined values which were generally higher in magnitude than calculated values. The values of the calculated V and intermolecular distance were respectively higher in magnitude and longer with higher concentration of the salt.

Conclusion: The attractive interaction between a macromolecule and a cationic counter ion is due to long ranged ion-ion interaction which ultimately enhances the effect of short ranged interaction. Higher salt concentration promotes long ranged interaction. The translational velocity of the solvent and cosolute has a role in the quantification of intermolecular distance. A mathematical relationship exists between m-value and - V (or 2 K.E.). The values of V can be calculated based on the derived equations.
Hypophosphatemia in Refeeding Syndrome in Intrauterine Growth Restricted IUGR Neonates Who are Receiving Nutrition: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Chaudhary Varunashree , Gohil Jayendra R. , Patel Shreya A.
Published: March 2020

Objective: Electrolyte dysregulations particularly hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia following feeds in a starved person is known as refeeding syndrome, which may lead to life-threatening conditions like arrhythmias, heart failure, respiratory and neuromuscular compromise. To evaluate electrolyte dyscrasias following enteral or parenteral feeding, among intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) neonates ie those who were starved in-utero, compared to non-IUGR neonates this study was planned.

Methodology: From March to August 2015, 60 IUGR and non-IUGR neonates who were admitted at birth before starting of nutrition, either by breast milk or electrolyte-free intravenous fluid. An infant was classified as IUGR when his birth weight was <10th percentile according to Fenton or Lubchenco growth charts. Venous blood was collected from intramural babies at zero hours of life or just before starting feeds to determine the basal level of serum electrolytes – phosphorus, magnesium and potassium, and was repeated in the following 48 and 72 hours.

Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups based on sex, history of maternal pre-eclampsia and oligohydramnios. At 72 hours after the start of feeding, Hypophosphatemia was significantly more prevalent, in 33.33% of IUGR vs. 2% of the non-IUGR group, [RR-5, p = 0.010]. Hypokalemia 20% IUGR; 1% non-IUGR group, [RR-6, p = 0.103]. Hypomagnesemia 3% IUGR; 2% non-IUGR group, [RR-1.5, p = 0.640]. Combined electrolyte– hypophosphatemia with hypokalemia (6.6%) and hypophosphatemia with Hypomagnesemia (13.3%), were present only in the IUGR group. Hyperglycemia was not present in any neonate.     

Conclusions: IUGR neonates are more likely to develop Refeeding syndrome when compared to non-IUGR babies, manifesting as decreased phosphorus, potassium and magnesium levels. Phosphorous should be a part of feeding nutrition in IUGR babies.
The Atmosphere of Infinity Mirrored Room (A Work of Yayoi Kusama) as the Branding of Museum Macan in Jakarta
Authors: M. Si Drs. Sahlan Toro, , Hum Yulianti, S. Kom, M.
Published: March 2020

One of the well-known artists in the world, Yayoi Kusama, successfully hypnotizes the visitors of Museum Macan with the works shown. From her artworks, there is a contemporary installation that is the hallucination of the mental disorder suffered. She named its work as Infinity Mirrored Room. The room atmosphere made has been copyrighted by museums all over the world; one of them is Museum Macan in Jakarta. The management party not only promotes this installation to the media but also makes it as the city branding of Museum Macan. The research is interested in conducting by using a qualitative method through a description of process and analysis. through interview techniques directly in the museum to the visitors, museum assistants, and security officers and documenting it in the form of photos. The result of this research shows that the implementation of the atmosphere by using Barry and Evan’s theory can realize the City Branding Image of Museum Macan based on Anholt theory.
The Relationship between Electric Power Consumption, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka
Authors: Maheswaranathan S.
Published: March 2020

Purpose: This paper investigates the long run relationship between electricity consumption, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Sri Lanka.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The annual time series data over the period 1970–2017 is considered to this study. Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) unit root analysis is employed for examining the stationary properties of the variables. Consequently, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis is employed to examining the short- run and long-run relationship between electricity consumption, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Sri Lanka. Further, this study used the diagnostic tests such as the residual normality test, heteroskedasticity and serial autocorrelation tests for misspecification to validate the parameter estimation outcomes achieved by the estimated model. CUSUM test is applied to test the stability of the model. Collected data were analyzed using STATA version 15.

Findings: The findings of the bound test confirm that the variables are cointegrated. Further the results reveal that there is a statistically positive significant relationship between electricity consumption, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Sri Lanka in the long run and short term. The empirical finding reveals that one percent increase in electricity consumption and foreign direct investment increases the GDP by 1.5 percent and 12.9 percent in the long run respectively.
Fault Detection Method of Bolt-joint Using Acceleration and Impedance
Authors: Lee Jong-Won
Published: March 2020

It is necessary to ensure the structural safety of various structures by on-line monitoring of the damages of their bolt-joints. This is an experimental study for the reliable health monitoring of bolt-joints using both acceleration-based global monitoring technique for assessing the global condition of the structure and impedance-based local monitoring technique for small damage estimation. Acceleration and impedance-based damage tests were performed for a specimen composed of bolt-joints. The tightening torque of the bolts was loosened gradually. For global monitoring, the joint damage due to bolt looseness is evaluated by using the modal characteristic and neural network technique obtained from measured acceleration. For local monitoring, the condition of the joint is estimated by measuring the impedance signal for the same bolt loosened state. As a result of applying the acceleration-based technique, it has been found that a damage location can be estimated if the bolt looseness progresses to more than a certain degree, while the damage index increases with the increase in bolt looseness. Further, as a result of applying the impedance-based method, the small damage can be clearly identified by using the damage index. The damage index increases as the degree of bolt looseness increases. The combination of the two techniques may lead to more reliable monitoring.
Validation of Flood Runoff Simulation Using Distributed Hydrologic Models
Authors: Nam Dong Ho , Ha Hern Joong , Kim Byung Sik
Published: March 2020

Due toclimate change, the average temperature of the Earth continues to increase, while abnormal climate patterns (such as El Niño and La Niña) occur frequently, causing numerous instances of flooding and drought damages. Thus, sophisticated analyses of rainfall-runoff phenomena are needed to reduce the damage caused by these weather disasters. Furthermore, analyzing the impact of extreme rainfall events occurring in a short period of time is essential for flood management. In this study, the Nakdong River, located in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, which is prone to localized heavy rainfall and flash floods, was selected as the target basin to conduct flood-runoff simulation. We used distributed runoff models such as spatial runoff assessment tool (S-RAT) and VfloTM for this simulation, and compared and analyzed their results. Furthermore, using the same events, the validity and applicability of the S-RAT model has been verified through calibration. The errors of both models were calculated using statistical analysis to examine the domestic basin applicability of the S-RAT model.
Development of Light-obscuration-type Smoke Meter Using Visible Light of Single Wavelength
Authors: Jung Jongjin
Published: March 2020

In this study, we developed a light-obscuration-type smoke meter using visible light of a single wavelength. This could replace smoke meters that use selenium photocells and tungsten lamps, which are standard domestic equipment. A high-brightness light emitting diode was used as a light source, and a silicon photodiode was used as a photo sensor. An effective optical path length of 500 mm was developed in accordance with ISO 7240-7 and UL 268 regulations. To compare and evaluate the developed lightobscuration-type smoke meter, a smoke detector sensitivity tester with automatic smoke concentration control and maintenance was developed. Compared to standard light-obscuration-type smoke meters that use selenium photocells, it was confirmed that our smoke meter performs to an equivalent standard.
Anti-freeze Application in Fire Extinguishing Facility Piping for a Warehouse Building
Authors: Yang Min Hyuk , Yang So Jin , Kim Woon Hyung
Published: March 2020

This study aims to test the effect of temperature-rise on fire extinguishing facility piping by means of the flow method using an antifreeze solution and the circulation method by the heat of the pump to secure. The results of the experiment showed that the insides of the pipe freeze at -7 ℃ at a concentration of 20% antifreeze and -4 ℃ at 10%. When tested with the flow velocity of the antifreeze maintained at 1 m/s and concentrations of 20%, 10%, and 0%, the temperatures rose by 1.8 ℃, 0.6 ℃, and 1.7 ℃, respectively. At a velocity of 2 m/s, the temperatures rose by 2.1 ℃, 3.1 ℃, and 0.9 ℃. In addition, the circulation method test, by operating of the pump, increased the temperature by 1.2 ℃ with a pressure of 0.9 kgf/cm2 and flow rate of 120 LPM. The pressure of 2.5 kgf/cm2 and flow rate of 200 LPM increased the temperature by 2.7 ℃. Finally, a novelfreeze protection method was proposed to maintain the setup above freezing point due to the friction heat generated between the impeller of the pump and water.
Methodology of an Analysis of Snow Disaster Risk for Establishing Climate Change Adaptation Measures
Authors: Insang Yu
Published: March 2020

This study applies the concept of risk defined by IPCC’s fifth assessment report to Daegu City, Ulsan City, Gyeongsangbuk Province, and Gangwon Province to assess and analyze snow disaster risks. Sub-indicators of three hazards, six exposures, four vulnerabilities, and five adaptive capacities were selected, and spatial information based on grids or administrative districts was constructed. The weight of each indicator was calculated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the maximum inconsistency of the expert survey result was 9.86%, indicating high consistency. The results show that administrative districts with an space average risk of “very high” are Ulleung, Gangneung, Sokcho, Yangyang, Pyeongchang, Goseong, Donghae, Samcheok, and Jeongseon, accounting for 16.7% of the entire administrative district. One region has a “high” risk, Taebaek (1.9%), and those with a “moderately high” risk were Uljin and Inje (3.8%). These regions have very high levels of hazards, very low exposure, very high vulnerability, and low adaptive capacity; hence, hazard, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity had a significant effect on the increased risk. Pyeongchang had the highest standard deviation of gridded risk among the 12 regions with a risk above moderately high. The standard deviation of gridded risk for Pyeongchang was estimated to be 1.0 with the highest value, followed by Inje, with 0.69, and Jeongseon, with 0.55; therefore, differentiated climate change adaptation measures should be established according to gridded risks.
Spatial Scope of the Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Authors: Yeom Jaeweon , Kang Seungwon , Jung Pilsung , Jung Juchul
Published: March 2020

This study suggests the spatial scope of the regional hazard mitigation plan, reflecting the feature of natural hazards occurring beyond the administrative zone boundary. The damage caused by natural hazards is not randomly distributed across a space but has interdependent characteristics with the nearby area; therefore, the spatial influence of an adjacent area should be considered. In particular, as damage due to natural disasters is increasing in Korea, it is necessary to establish a regional hazard mitigation plan considering the spatial characteristics of hazards. However, the current hazard mitigation plan sets the scope of the plan based on administrative boundaries. In this study, we measured the vulnerability index of each area using data spanning 10 years from 2008 to 2017 and verified spatial correlations through LISA (Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation). According to LISA analysis, we found that a link exists between si/gun/gu and we identified the spatial characteristics of natural disaster damage. The results confirmed that natural hazard characteristics occur beyond the boundaries of administrative areas.
Gender and Media
Authors: Krijnen Tonny
Published: March 2020

Gender and media have been topics of academic interest for over half a century. Media production, content, and consumption have each given rise to vibrant fields of scholarly research on how to understand them in relation to gender. Specific epistemological and ontological viewpoints on understanding gender and its relation to media marks each of these fields. Theoretical and social developments now challenge the concepts of both gender and media. Specifically, digitization and globalization challenge theoretical concepts such as media consumption, the sex/gender dichotomy, and so on. Using three recent cases—SheDecides, the Gender Pay Gap, and #MeToo—as illustrations, current critical inquiries in the study of gender and media are scrutinized. First, the traditional categories in the study of media and gender—production, content, and consumption—are summarized, briefly explicating their major contributions to academic thought on gender and media. Second, the challenges posed by digitization and globalization are discussed.
Black Women in Television, a Short History
Authors: Cheers Imani M.
Published: March 2020

African Americans have been depicted in mass media (film, radio, television) since the turn of the 20th century. When television became the new popular medium for news and entertainment in the late 1940s, the same stereotypes depicted on radio programs and in films migrated to the small screen. Black women have been depicted as maternal mammies and mainstream matriarchs for much of their television representation. These stereotypes have evolved since 1968 in part as a direct result the increase in Black women behind the scenes in creative roles, namely media owners, writers, directors, and showrunners.

Mass media conglomerates have historically been under the ownership of White men. Three Black women defied the norm and risen to become media moguls. Catherine L. Hughes (Radio/TV One), Debra L. Lee (BET Networks), and Oprah Winfrey (Oprah Winfrey Network/OWN) have shattered glass ceilings and ascended to a level previously considered unattainable for women in general and Black women specifically.

As representation of Black women continues to shift and evolve, so do the labels associated with them. From mammies, sapphires, and jezebels at the turn of the 20th century to Black ladies, matriarchs, and mistress during the 21st century, these shifts are directly related to the increase in media ownership and creative control obtained by Black women.
Girls' Bedroom Cultures
Authors: Ashton Daniel , Patel Karen
Published: March 2020

This entry examines the bedroom as a gendered site of cultural production. Building from McRobbie's contributions establishing the importance of the bedroom as space for teenage consumer culture among young women, this entry focuses on production. First, this involves seeing the bedroom as a space in which girls can engage with and make sense of culture,
and
as a space in which that engagement can be understood as productive. Following this, Kearney's scholarship on media production technologies, including film production and editing and zine making, is introduced and evaluated in light of Banet‐Weiser's account of postfeminist self‐branding. The entry concludes with examining girls' bedrooms as microcelebrity sites. While the internet and social media have opened up opportunities for girls and women to participate in cultural production, particularly through beauty vlogging and blogging, there remains the imperative for women to engage in the labor of self‐beautification that McRobbie's early work critiqued.
Adaptive neural prescribed performance output feedback control of pure feedback nonlinear systems using disturbance observer
Authors: Chen Longsheng , Yang Hui
Published: March 2020

In this study, an adaptive output feedback control with prescribed performance is proposed for unknown pure feedback nonlinear systems with external disturbances and unmeasured states. A novel prescribed performance function is developed and incorporated into an output error transformation to achieve tracking control with prescribed performance. To handle the unknown non‐affine nonlinearities and avoid the algebraic loop problem, the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is adopted to approximate the unknown non‐affine nonlinearities with the help of Butterworth low‐pass filter. Based on the output of the RBFNN, the coupled design between sate observer and disturbance observer is presented to estimate the unmeasured states and compounded disturbances. Then, the adaptive output feedback control scheme is proposed for unknown pure feedback nonlinear systems, where a first‐order filter is introduced to tackle with the issue of “explosion of complexity” in the traditional back‐stepping approach. The boundedness and convergence of the closed‐loop system are proved rigorously by utilizing the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, simulation studies are worked out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Porous Single‐Crystal‐Based Inorganic Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Energy Production and Environmental Remediation: Preparation, Modification, and Applications
Authors: Niu Jinan , Albero Josep , Atienzar Pedro , García Hermenegildo
Published: March 2020

Semiconductor photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance depends on crystallinity and surface area to a large extent. One strategy that has recently emergyed to improve semiconductor photoresponse efficiency is their synthesis as porous single crystals (PSCs), therefore providing simultaneously high crystallinity, minimization of grain boundaries, and large specific surface area. Other factors, such as high density of active sites, and enhanced light absorption, also contribute to increased PSC photoresponse with respect to analogous bulk or amorphous materials. This review initially presents the concept and main properties of PSCs. Then, the synthetic routes and the applications as photocatalysts and as photovoltaic devices, mainly in sunlight applications, are summarized. The synthetic procedures have been classified according to the mechanism of pore generation. Applications cover photocatalysis for environmental remediation, solar fuels production, selective photooxidation of organic compounds, and photovoltaic devices. Finally, a summary and views on future developments are provided. The purpose of this review is to show how the use of PSCs is a powerful general methodology applicable beyond metal oxides and can ultimately lead to sufficient photoresponse efficiency, bringing these processes close to commercial application.
Grafting of 3D Bioprinting to In Vitro Drug Screening: A Review
Authors: Nie Jing , Gao Qing , Fu Jianzhong , He Yong
Published: March 2020

The inadequacy of conventional cell‐monolayer planar cultures and animal experiments in predicting the toxicity and clinical efficacy of drug candidates has led to an imminent need for in vitro methods with the ability to better represent in vivo conditions and facilitate the systematic investigation of drug candidates. Recent advances in 3D bioprinting have prompted the precise manipulation of cells and biomaterials, rendering it a promising technology for the construction of in vitro tissue/organ models and drug screening devices. This review presents state‐of‐the‐art in vitro methods used for preclinical drug screening and discusses the limitations of these methods. In particular, the significance of constructing 3D in vitro tissue/organ models and microfluidic analysis devices for drug screening is emphasized, and a focus is placed on the grafting process of 3D bioprinting technology to the construction of such models and devices. The in vitro methods for drug screening are generalized into three types: mini‐tissue, organ‐on‐a‐chip, and tissue/organ construct. The revolutionary process of the in vitro methods is demonstrated in detail, and relevant studies are listed as examples. Specifically, the tumor model is adopted as a precedent to illustrate the possible grafting of 3D bioprinting to antitumor drug screening.
Radical C−C Bond Formation using Sulfonium Salts and Light
Authors: Péter Áron , Perry Gregory J. P. , Procter David J.
Published: March 2020

Sulfonium salts are playing an increasingly significant role in contemporary organic synthesis. In particular, the generation of radicals from sulfonium salts is a fundamental process in Nature and has been the subject of investigation for over 50 years. However, general synthetic methods that use sulfonium salts as radical precursors are rare. The advent of photoredox catalysis has triggered an upsurge of interest in the radical chemistry of sulfonium salts and this review surveys recent applications of aryl‐ and alkylsulfonium salts in light‐mediated, radical C−C bond formation.

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From Sequence‐Defined Macromolecules to Macromolecular Pin Codes
Authors: Holloway Joshua O. , Van Lijsebetten Filip , Badi Nezha , Houck Hannes A. , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: March 2020

Dynamic sequence‐defined oligomers carrying a chemically written pin code are obtained through a strategy combining multicomponent reactions with the thermoreversible addition of 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐diones (TADs) to indole substrates. The precision oligomers are specifically designed to be encrypted upon heating as a result of the random reshuffling of the TAD‐indole covalent bonds within the backbone, thereby resulting in the scrambling of the encoded information. The encrypted pin code can eventually be decrypted following a second heating step that enables the macromolecular pin code to be deciphered using 1D electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The herein introduced concept of encryption/decryption represents a key advancement compared with current strategies that typically use uncontrolled degradation to erase and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to analyze, decipher, and read‐out chemically encrypted information. Additionally, the synthesized macromolecules are coated onto a high‐value polymer material, which demonstrates their potential application as coded product tags for anti‐counterfeiting purposes.
A Microfluidics Reaction System with Automation for a Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Pang Xinlong , Zhao Haoran , Ma Shaohua
Published: March 2020

A multicomponent reaction is established toward quinazolimine derivatives, but it requires intensive human interventions in conventional reaction systems to suppress the side reactions. Herein, an automated microfluidics‐based reaction system that uses a program to command the fluid conductance to perform a cascade of reactions and separation in a defined sequence is innovated. The system is composed of chained reaction modules. Within the individual reaction module, side reactions are suppressed by creating an extremely high concentration bias between the reagents via selective reagent diffusion through the porous channel wall. The reaction sequence is commanded by transporting reagents from one module to the following ones, obtaining quinazolimine derivatives with high yield and purity. The system is low cost, easy to compose, program commanded, and requires minimal human intervention once the reaction modules are assembled and reagents are loaded.
Synthesis and characterization of new hybrid inorganic–organic polymer nanocomposite as efficient catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of real fuel
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Mirsadri Seyed Amirhosein
Published: March 2020

Sulfur‐containing compounds are responsible for much air pollution, and therefore eliminating these compounds is of importance. Herein, a hybrid organic–inorganic recyclable nanocatalyst (TBA‐PW11Ni@PANI) was synthesized successfully to investigate its effects on the catalytic oxidative desulfurization (CODS) process of real gasoline/model fuel. To this end, the Keggin‐based mono‐lacunary polyoxometalate [PW11NiO39] was prepared and modified with quaternary cation tetrabutylammonium (TBA). Then, this was further immobilized on polyaniline (PANI) via the sol–gel method. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using various techniques. The high dispersion of polyoxometalate on PANI was confirmed. Also, it was found that the crystalline structure remained unaltered after immobilization. In addition, the effects of various parameters such as dosage and temperature on the CODS of model fuel in the presence of H2O2–acetic acid (1:2 v/v) were studied in detail. Moreover, the kinetics of the CODS process was also studied and a mechanism proposed. According to the results, TBA‐PW11Ni@PANI showed an efficiency of up to 97% with 0.1 g at 35°C (optimum values) which implies its good catalytic functionality in the CODS process. Finally, the TBA‐PW11Ni@PANI catalyst displayed long‐term stability and good reusability after five runs.
Antiproliferative Activity of Gold(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Triphenylphosphine Complexes with Ibuprofen Derivatives as Effective Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Tabrizi Leila , Romanova Julia
Published: March 2020

A series of gold(I) complexes of ligand ibuprofen‐alkynyl (but‐3‐yn‐1‐yl 2‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)propanoate, LE) with N‐heterocyclic carbene (LC: 1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands with formula (LE)Au (LC) (complex 1) and (LE)Au (PPh3) (complex 2) were synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. In order to reveal the cytotoxicity mechanism, the interaction of complex 1 or 2 with cysteine (HCys) has been studied by experimental and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The compounds were investigated for their anticancer activity against MCF‐7, MDAMB 231 breast cancer cells, HT‐29 colon cancer cells and MCF‐10A non‐tumor breast cell line. The results were compared with cisplatin and auranofin as reference drugs. The complex 2 showed more cytotoxic activity than complex 1. The complex 2 was 4.2, 3.7, and 1.7 fold more active than cisplatin against HT‐29, MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7 cancer cell lines, respectively. The inhibition of thioredoxin reductase of complexes 1 and 2 including cytosolic (TrxR1) and mitochondrial (TrxR2) thioredoxin reductase and also the inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) were studied in detail. Moreover, the cellular uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of compounds were investigated. Based on the DFT calculations a relationship between the σ‐donor ability of the isolated ligands and cytotoxicity is suggested.
Input/output linearizing controller with Taylor series expansion for a nonminimum phase process by hardware‐in‐the‐loop approach
Authors: Panjapornpon Chanin , Kajornrungsilp Issarush , Rochpuang Chutithep
Published: March 2020

Input/output (I/O) linearization is a model‐based control method that receives much attention for many research studies in chemical industries. Despite many advances in control theory, the I/O linearization is not widespread for a real‐time implementation when compared with other model‐based techniques. It requires differentiation and inversion of the process model—which becomes cumbersome as the complexity of the model increases. Thus, this work presents the development and experiment of an embedded I/O feedback control device with a pilot process that emulates an exothermic reactor with nonminimum phase behavior. Algorithms of an approximate I/O linearization control system is truncated by using Taylor series expansion, and it is embedded into a field‐programmable gate array control device. The effectiveness of the embedded approximate I/O controller is compared with a digital proportional‐integral (PI) controller for a test with the pilot process with a hardware‐in‐the‐loop concept. The results show that the embedded model‐based controller provides high performance for the servo problem and disturbance rejection, compared with the PI controller. The proposed embedded model‐based controller shows the application to apply the advance control method into the field‐programmable gate array hardware as a stand‐alone control device, and it can perform the computation of a complex algorithm.
Riverine spawning, long distance larval drift, and floodplain recruitment of a pelagophilic fish: A case study of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the arid Darling River, Australia
Authors: Stuart Ivor G. , Sharpe Clayton P.
Published: March 2020

Pelagic spawning riverine fish (pelagophils) spawn in free‐flowing river habitats with downstream drift of eggs and larvae but the spatial scale is often unknown, and this constitutes a major ecological knowledge gap.

In the arid Darling River in south‐eastern Australia, the present objectives were: (i) to determine the potential downstream dispersal distance of young golden perch (Macquaria ambigua); and (ii) to evaluate whether provision of environmental water enhanced dispersal of young fish from Menindee Lakes to the lower Darling River (LDR) while also cueing further spawning in downstream lotic reaches.

Golden perch spawned in unregulated lotic tributaries on a flood pulse and larvae drifted or dispersed >1,600 km downstream and entered large ephemeral productive floodplain lake nursery habitats as fully scaled fingerlings.

Planned releases of environmental water cued golden perch spawning in the LDR and enabled juvenile fish to disperse downstream from the Menindee Lakes nursery into receiving populations in the LDR, Great Darling Anabranch, and southern Murray River, with some fish potentially completing an active migration of >2,100 km by age 1 year.

The Darling River case study highlights the need for a system‐scale approach to the conservation management of pelagophilic fish, along with multi‐year perennial flow strategies to improve ecosystem integrity in large rivers globally.
Development of Stimulus‐Responsive Degradable Film via Codeposition of Dopamine and Cystamine
Authors: Jeong Wonwoo , Kim Eunseok , Jeong Jaehoon , Bisht Himani , Kang Hyeongeun , Hong Daewha
Published: March 2020

Herein, we report a degradable film that can be coated on various substrates by the codeposition of dopamine and cystamine. The thickness of the resulting film (pDC) varies depending on the initial ratio of dopamine/cystamine dissolved in a solution; the thickest film (ca. 60 nm) is obtained under optimized codeposition conditions. Selective degradation of pDC occurs in the presence of tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), the reaction kinetics of which are highly dependent on the TCEP concentration. For further application as a drug‐delivery platform, doxorubicin can be loaded within the pDC film, which is released actively under film degradation in response to TCEP. We expect that the developed pDC film will be a useful tool for developing drug delivery cargo, antibacterial surface, and cell surface coating for various biomedical applications.
Validation of a simple diagnostic relationship for downslope flows
Authors: Cuxart Joan , Martínez‐Villagrasa Daniel , Stiperski Ivana
Published: March 2020

A simple conceptual view of downslope flows allows a derivation of a diagnostic relationship between the maximum depth of the flow, its speed, the slope angle and the cooling flux. This relationship is obtained considering that the turbulence cooling causing the air to flow downslope is essentially compensated by the warming by compression as the flow reaches higher pressure levels. The obtained relationship is consistent with the bulk heat budget for the along‐slope flows, and its agreement with existing prognostic layer‐averaged models is checked. Finally, the depth of the flow obtained from the diagnostic relationship is compared against the observational estimations of katabatic flows from two experimental campaigns.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Konstruktionstechniken für Glasfassaden
Authors: Teich Martien , Bauchinger Christoph
Published: March 2020

Ganzglaskonstruktionen sind gleichermaßen reduziert wie komplex. Dabei werden die Bereiche Design, Engineering, Tragwerksplanung, Logistik, Fertigung und Montage eng vernetzt, um die Grenzen des Machbaren immer neu zu verschieben. Aber nicht nur Projekte, in denen Glas eine statisch tragende Rolle spielt, zählen zu den Highlights. Auch die Designanforderungen von Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktionen werden zunehmend herausfordernder und komplexer. Anhand einiger Projektbeispiele wird die Vielfalt von Glas im Bauwesen aufgezeigt. So bspw. mit dem Ganzglasprojekt ICONSIAM. 2018 erhielt die Skyline von Bangkok mit dem Luxuskaufhaus ICONSIAM ein 750 000 m2 großes Wahrzeichen am Fluss Chao Phraya. Der Entwurf von Urban Architects sah ein über drei Geschosse reichendes „Riesenschaufenster“ vor, das durch Transparenz, minimalistische Detaillösungen und eine besondere Formensprache besticht. Die Form der 5 300 m2 großen Fassade stellte sich geometrisch anspruchsvoll dar: aus bauseitigen Gründen wurde die Glasfassade an der Decke hängend ausgeführt, wobei die Glasscheiben in zwei Richtungen geneigt und in einem Zick‐Zack‐Muster angeordnet sind. Die Gesamthöhe der Ganzglasfassade beträgt 24 m. An diesem und weiteren Beispielen aus der Praxis zeigt sich, wie komplex Ganzglaskonstruktionen sind; wie sie jedoch mit innovativen Techniken und Konstruktionsprinzipien in höchster Qualität realisiert werden können.
Impact of Mushrooms’ Vegetative Places and Morphological Parts of a Fruiting Body on the Fatty Acids Profile of Wild Leccinum aurantiacum and Leccinum versipelle
Authors: Pietrzak‐Fiećko Renata , Gałgowska Michalina , Falandysz Jerzy
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to indicate potential differences in composition of fatty acids between two mushroom species as well as to examine the impact of mushrooms’ vegetative places and morphological parts of a fruiting body on the fatty acids profile. The research material consisted of 72 samples of wild Leccinum aurantiacum and Leccinum versipelle in the form of caps and stipes, collected from three selected regions of Poland. Determination of the examined compounds was performed by gas chromatography (FID). Linoleic (C18 : 2), oleic (C18 : 1) and palmitic (C16:0) acids were the predominant compounds in all samples under study. The profile of fatty acids in Leccinum aurantiacum and Leccinum versipelle was varied depending on mushroom species, a region and morphological parts of a fruiting body. The high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in polish L. aurantiacum and L. versipelle provides that the mushroom may be recommended in different types of diets.
Überwachungssystem für IBC‐Container
Authors: Schiele Nadine
Published: March 2020

Sigfox stellt ein IoT‐basiertes Managementsystem für IBC‐vor. Darüber können IBC‐Container ihre Nachfüllung oder den Austausch nun automatisch bestellen.
Auch bei extremen Temperaturunterschieden
Authors:   RBS Design für Müller Quadax
Published: March 2020

Erdgas wird zu Liquefied natural gas (LNG) verflüssigt, um das Volumen für einen wirtschaftlicheren Transport des Kraftstoffs um das 600‐fache zu reduzieren. Die Armaturen sind in jeder Phase des Verflüssigungsprozesses eine kritische Komponente. Deren Le
Kompakt
Authors:   Nachrichten aus Forschung und Entwicklung
Published: March 2020

Kurzfassungen von wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten, die in der wissenschaftlich‐technischen Fachzeitschrift Chemie Ingenieur Technk erschienen sind.
Empirical likelihood for nonlinear regression models with nonignorable missing responses
Authors: Yang Zhihuang , Tang Niansheng
Published: March 2020

Abstract

This article develops three empirical likelihood (EL) approaches to estimate parameters in nonlinear regression models in the presence of nonignorable missing responses. These are based on the inverse probability weighted (IPW) method, the augmented IPW (AIPW) method and the imputation technique. A logistic regression model is adopted to specify the propensity score. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate parameters in the propensity score by combining the idea of importance sampling and imputing estimating equations. Under some regularity conditions, we obtain the asymptotic properties of the maximum EL estimators of these unknown parameters. Simulation studies are conducted to investigate the finite sample performance of our proposed estimation procedures. Empirical results provide evidence that the AIPW procedure exhibits better performance than the other two procedures. Data from a survey conducted in 2002 are used to illustrate the proposed estimation procedure.The Canadian Journal of Statistics48: 386–416; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada
Sex steroid hormone function in the brain niche: Implications for brain metastatic colonization and progression
Authors: Contreras‐Zárate María J. , Cittelly Diana M.
Published: March 2020

Background

While sex hormones and their receptors play well‐known roles in progression of primary tumors through direct action on sex steroid hormone‐responsive cancer cells, emerging evidence suggest that hormones also play important roles in metastatic progression by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Estrogens and androgens synthesized in gonads and within the brain influence memory, behavior, and outcomes of brain pathologies. Yet, their impact on brain metastatic colonization and progression is just beginning to be explored.

Recent findings

Estradiol and testosterone cross the blood‐brain barrier and are synthesized de novo in astrocytes and other cells within the adult brain. Circulating and brain‐synthesized estrogens have been shown to promote brain metastatic colonization of tumors lacking estrogen receptors (ERs), through mechanisms involving the upregulation of growth factors and neurotrophins in ER+ reactive astrocytes. In this review, we discuss additional mechanisms by which hormones may influence brain metastases, through modulation of brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia.

Conclusion

A greater understanding of hormone‐brain‐tumor interactions may shed further light on the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of cancer cells to the brain niche, and provide therapeutic alternatives modulating the brain metastatic niche.
The peculiarities and challenges of integrating generic forms of knowledge into the upper‐secondary curriculum:A Bernsteinian analysisof ‘Communication’ and ‘Application of Number’ in the Welsh Baccalaureate
Authors: Bibila Stavroula
Published: March 2020

Throughout the past 40 years, a number of terms have been used in the UK to refer to competency‐based pedagogies that focus on preparing students for everyday ‘life’ and employment. The evolution of these generic forms of knowledge in official curricula has been accompanied by harsh practical realities when it comes to teaching, assessing and certifying them. These practical realities counterbalance the strong supportgenericskillismenjoys in policy discourses that centre on employability and universalism in upper‐secondary education. By drawing upon Bernstein's sociological insights and data collected and analysed as part of a study that sought to examine the compulsory integration of Communication and Application of Number into the Welsh Baccalaureate Advanced Diploma (legacy qualification), this paper offers new empirical observations into the persistent peculiarities and challenges of teaching and assessing generic forms of pedagogised knowledge. The discussion takes into consideration practical and policy dimensions that extend beyond individual education sites in Wales and are also relevant to the 2017 review of the new Essential Skills Wales qualifications, ongoing developments following the 2018 review of the Welsh Baccalaureate Skills Challenge Certificate, and the Council of the EU 2018 Recommendation of Key Competences for Lifelong Learning.