bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Distefano E. , Lanzafame A. C. , Brugaletta E. , Holl B. , Lanza A. F. , Messina S. , Pagano I. , Audard M. , Jevardat de Fombelle G. , Lecoeur-Taibi I. , Mowlavi N. , Nienartowicz K. , Rimoldini L. , Evans D. W. , Riello M. , García-Lario P. , Gavras P. , Eyer L.
Published: November 2022

Context.TheGaiathird Data Release (GDR3) presents a catalogue of 474 026 stars (detected by processing a sample of about 30 million late-type stars) with variability induced by magnetic activity. About 430 000 of these stars are newly discovered variables. For each star, the catalogue provides a list of about 70 parameters among which the most important are the stellar rotation periodP, the photometric amplitudeAof the rotational modulation signal, and the Pearson correlation coefficientr0between magnitude and colour variation.

Aims.In the present paper we highlight some features of theGaiaphotometric time series used to obtain the catalogue and we present the main attributes of the catalogue.

Methods.The Specific Objects Study (SOS) pipeline, developed to characterise magnetically active stars withGaiadata, was described in the paper accompanying theGaiasecond rata release (DR2). Here we describe the changes made to the pipeline and a new method developed to analyseGaiatime series and to reveal spurious signals induced by instrumental effects or by the peculiar nature of the investigated stellar source. Such a method is based on the measurement of the per-transit-corrected-excess-factor (c*) for each time-series transit, wherec* is a parameter that allows us to check the consistency betweenG,GBP, andGRPfluxes in a given transit.

Results.The period–amplitude diagram obtained with the DR3 data confirms the DR2 findings that is, the existence of a family of low-amplitude fast rotators never seen by previous surveys. The GDR3 data permit, for the first time, the analysis of patterns in magnitude–colour variation for thousands of magnetically active stars. The measuredr0values are tightly correlated with the star positions in the period–amplitude diagram.

Conclusions.The relationship between theP,A, andr0parameters inferred for thousands of stars are potentially very useful for improving our understanding of stellar magnetic fields and ameliorating theoretical models, especially in the fast rotation regime. The method developed to reveal the spurious signals can be applied to each of the releasedGaiaphotometric time series and can be exploited by anyone interested in working directly withGaiatime series.
Observations and modeling of spectral line asymmetries in stellar flares
Authors: Wollmann J. , Heinzel P. , Kabáth P.
Published: November 2022

Context. Stellar flares are energetic events occurring in stellar atmospheres. They have been observed on various stars using photometric light curves and spectra. On some cool stars, flares tend to release substantially more energy than solar flares. Spectroscopic observations have revealed that some spectral lines exhibit asymmetry in their profile in addition to an enhancement and broadening. Asymmetries with enhanced blue wings are often associated with coronal mass ejections, while the origin of red asymmetries is currently not well understood. A few mechanisms have been suggested, but no modeling has been performed so far.

Aims. We observed the dMe star AD Leo using the 2-meter Perek telescope at Ondřejov observatory, with simultaneous photometric light curves. In analogy with solar flares, we modeled the Hα line emergent from an extensive arcade of cool flare loops and explain the observed asymmetries using the concept of coronal rain.

Methods. We solved the non-LTE (departures from local thermal equilibrium) radiative transfer in Hα within cool flare loops taking the velocity distribution of individual rain clouds into account. For a flare occurring at the center of the stellar disk, we then integrated radiation emergent from the whole arcade to obtain the flux from the loop area.

Results. We observed two flares in the Hα line that exhibit a red wing asymmetry corresponding to velocities up to 50 km s−1 during the gradual phase of the flare. Synthetic profiles generated from the model of coronal rain have enhanced red wings that are quite compatible with observations.
Acoustic response in the transition region to transverse oscillations in a solar coronal loop
Authors: White S. J. , Verwichte E.
Published: November 2022

Context. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves play an important role in the dynamics and heating of the solar corona. Transverse (Alfvénic) oscillations of loops commonly occur in response to solar eruptions and are mostly studied in isolation. However, acoustic coupling has been shown to be readily observable in the form of propagating intensity variations at the loop footpoints.

Aims. We extend the modelling of wave coupling between a transverse loop oscillation and slow magnetoacoustic waves in a structured loop to include a lower atmosphere.

Methods. We achieve this with combined analytical modelling and fully non-linear MHD simulations.

Results. Transverse loop oscillations result in the excitation of propagating slow waves from the top of the transition region and the lower boundary. The rate of excitation for the upward propagating waves at the lower boundary is smaller than for waves at the top of the transition region due to the reduced local sound speed. Additionally, slow waves are found to propagate downwards from the transition region, which reflect at the lower boundary and interfere with the upward propagating waves. Resonances are present in the normal mode analysis but these do not appear in the simulations. Due to the presence of the transition region, additional longitudinal harmonics lead to a narrower slow wave profile. The slow wave field is anti-symmetric in the direction of wave polarisation, which highlights the importance that the loop orientation has on the observability of these waves. The ponderomotive effect must be accounted for when interpreting intensity oscillations. Evidence is found for an additional short-period oscillation, which is likely a hybrid mode.
Natural Killer (NK) cells in immunotherapy and perspectives in antitumour approaches
Authors: Lu Yihua
Published: November 2022

Natural Killer (NK) cells comprise a group of specialized innate lymphoid cells endowed with multiple cytotoxicity mechanisms while also harnessed with the ability to enhance other immune cells with cytokine production. This exclusive advantage of them to recognize and eliminate virally infected cells and tumour cells has been unmasked for decades, and previous clinical trials are also successfully tested for both efficacy and safety. With the emerging strategies in CAR-T cell therapy, such technologies can also be capable of further enhancing the viability of NK cell immunotherapy through cytokine armouring, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduction, checkpoint inhibition, and co-stimulatory signals. Other than the conventional approach of engineering CAR to target tumour antigens, they are also capable of acting as blockers to the inhibitory compartments on tumour cells within the harsh environment to reduce the negative effects. Despite all these aspects, the tumour microenvironment (TME) is another essential facet when discussing cancer therapy owing to its characteristic setting that contributes immensely to immune evasion and immune function inhibition. In this review, I introduce the foundational mechanism for NK cytotoxicity and its signalling routes, discuss the impacts of TME on immune cells and their antitumour effects, evaluate possible strategies that overcome the current challenges, and propose a few potentially adoptive measures for future research in general immunotherapy from a perspective of molecular biology.
Tumor Immune Escape and Treatment
Authors: Wang Yuncong
Published: November 2022

Tumor immune escape is one of the ten characteristics of tumor occurrence and development. Immunotherapy targeting immune escape has achieved remarkable success in recent years. Immunotherapy involves many factors and links, which are related to the changes of tumor cells themselves and tumor microenvironment, and the mechanism is complex. At present, it still faces great challenges in clinical practice. This article introduces the mechanism of tumor immune escape from several aspects, including the changes of tumor itself, the changes of tumor induced microenvironment, and the tumor microenvironment promoting tumor development. At the same time, in view of these mechanisms, the current treatment strategies were sorted out, including the predicament and progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T therapy and immune cell therapy, aiming to clarify the ideas for the next development of tumor immunotherapy.
Climate change: what we know and what not
Authors: Schmidt Hauke
Published: November 2022

There is ample scientific knowledge about climate change which is assessed at a frequency of about once every seven years by large, international groups of scientists in the comprehensive reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This presentation attempts a short and digestible summary of the certainties and uncertainties existing about the physics of climate change. For my summary, I strongly rely on the contribution of IPCC’s working group 1 to the most recent IPCC assessment report that was published in 2021. To set the stage, I first present some basics about climate and climate modeling before summarizing the current state of knowledge and then providing a few personal conclusions.
Conceptual design of a water-cooled first wall component for a tokamak machine
Authors: De Sano Gabriele
Published: November 2022

In a tokamak, the first wall is a barrier protecting the internal parts of the machine from the intense fluxes of heat and particles coming from the plasma. This contribution presents the critical issues of a water-cooled first wall component based on steel as structural material, that is a relevant case study for the design of future fusion power plants.
Energy from biomass
Authors: Thrän Daniela
Published: November 2022

Bioenergy is the most relevant renewable energy source today. Many technologies and concepts are implemented to provide heat, power and transport fuels. While biomass is a limited resource, so bioenergy provision needs integration, not only in the energy system but also in sustainable supply systems. The use of residual and waste materials will increase and needs mobilisation strategies and utilisation technologies. Due to diﬀerent biomass potentials, energy infrastructure and energy strategies in diﬀerent countries, even under the transformation towards more and more renewable energy-based energy systems the areas of bioenergy application remain diverse. However, flexible and hybrid concepts are gaining importance in all energy sectors; further technology development and digitalisation are pioneers. Additionally, the interaction with hydrogen and negative emissions is relevant in the long term and needs to be researched now.
Lipoosteocartilaginous choristoma of the tongue: a case report
Authors: Rahman Nurhayu Ab , Ghani Norzaliza Abd , Fikry Muhammad Fathy Zainal , Rahman Shaifulizan Abdul
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Choristoma is the proliferation of histologically normal tissue in the ectopic position. Oral choristoma infrequently occurs in soft tissue, with most cases developing on the tongue and displaying osseous histological findings. It is mostly encountered in the fifth decade of life, but the age ranges from 12-to-64 years old, with a female predilection. Observations: An 81-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic, firm, mobile and pedunculated nodule on the right dorsum of the tongue, just anterior to the circumvallate papillae, for more than ten years duration. Microscopically, the lesion was covered by a parakeratinised stratified squamous epithelium and central to the lamina propia, large, calcified material that resembles normal bone and cartilage was observed. The osseous basophilic mass appears rounded with the characteristic rim of reversal lines and contains numerous lacunae with osteocytes. Peripherally, chondroid metaplasia was also seen with evidence of mature hyaline cartilage containing chondrocytes. The whole osseous-chondroid mass was surrounded by adipose tissue. Conclusion: Oral choristoma is a rare entity, and a mixture of cartilage, bone and adipose tissue is considered an exquisite histological finding. Generally, it has benign behaviour, and surgical excision is the treatment of choice. No recurrence has been reported.
Effects of annealing temperature on the comprehensive properties of ultrathin niobium strips
Authors: Wang Jian Guo , Wang Zhen Hua , Liu Yuan Ming , Wang Tao , Huang Qing Xue
Published: November 2022

Ultrathin niobium strips with thicknesses of 20, 30, and 40 µm were prepared by an accumulative roll process. The evolution of the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of ultrathin Nb strips with different thicknesses at different annealing temperatures was studied by an electronic universal tensile testing machine and EBSD analysis. The results show that the whole process of grain recovery, recrystallization, complete recrystallization, and grain growth occurs with increasing annealing temperature. The complete recrystallization temperature increased as the thickness increased, and ultrathin niobium strips with thicknesses of 20 µm and 30 µm were recrystallized at 1050 °C, while the 40 µm thick sample was recrystallized at 1150 °C. Furthermore, to further characterize the size effect under extremely thin thicknesses, the 20 µm ultrathin niobium strip was analyzed in detail. It was found that the texture in the cold rolling state is mainly dominated by texture 〈111〉 ND. With increasing annealing temperature, the orientation density of the γ texture 〈111〉 ND orientation density gradually decreased, but the {111} 〈110〉 texture remained the main texture. It is noteworthy that the tensile strength of the ultrathin niobium strip decreases as the annealing temperature increases, but the elongation rate is still generally low, and the tensile strength of the ultrathin niobium strip indicates that the size effect is effectively ‘the smaller, the stronger’.
The geometric phase made simple
Authors: Alonso Miguel A. , Dennis Mark R.
Published: November 2022

We give a simple description of the Pancharatnam-Berry geometric phase and some of its applications in optics. Geometric phases are a universal phenomenon, but we focus here on the case of geometric phases caused by changes in polarization. The geometric origin of this phase is explained by analogy with the motion of an imaginary creature living on a small planet, inspired by Saint-Exupéry’s “The Little Prince”.
Halide perovskites for photonic applications
Authors: Chamarro M. , Mayer C. R. , Pauporté T. , Drouard E. , Nguyen H.-S. , Seassal C. , Boehme S. C. , Kovalenko M. V. , Deleporte E.
Published: November 2022

Halide perovskites are a new class of semiconductors showing an incredible set of physical properties wellsuited for a large range of opto-electronic applications. These physical properties can be easily tuned and adapted to the intended application by modifying the composition and the size of the material. Additionally, these materials are solution-processed at low temperature and ambient pressure, and contain earth-abundant elements. However, some important challenges remain: the presence of lead and the stability. In this paper, we present some outlines of these materials in several fields of opto-electronics, i. e. photovoltaics and light-emitting devices, such as LEDs, single-photon sources, lasers, and photonics.
Numerical performance of penalized comparison to overfitting for multivariate kernel density estimation
Authors: Varet Suzanne , Lacour Claire , Massart Pascal , Rivoirard Vincent
Published: November 2022

Kernel density estimation is a well known method involving a smoothing parameter (the bandwidth) that needs to be tuned by the user. Although this method has been widely used, the bandwidth selection remains a challenging issue in terms of balancing algorithmic performance and statistical relevance. The purpose of this paper is to study a recently developed bandwidth selection method, called Penalized Comparison to Overfitting (PCO). We first provide new theoretical guarantees by proving that PCO performed with non-diagonal bandwidth matrices is optimal in the oracle and minimax approaches. PCO is then compared to other usual bandwidth selection methods (at least those which are implemented in the R-package) for univariate and also multivariate kernel density estimation on the basis of intensive simulation studies. In particular, cross-validation and plug-in criteria are numerically investigated and compared to PCO. The take home message is that PCO can outperform the classical methods without algorithmic additional cost.
Samarium-Promoted Homocoupling of Benzaldehydes and In Situ Condensation with Esters Under the Catalysis of Cuprous Iodide
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Chen Hongping , Song Bin , Mi Mingzhong , Qi Yan
Published: November 2022

A novel C–H functionalization method was successfully explored by a reductive three molecule coupling of benzaldehydes and esters mediated by samarium and cuprous iodide; thus, the diarylmethanol skeletons were afforded readily via an in situ esterification in one-pot. Substrates including a variety of esters and different benzaldehydes were investigated, and the desired products were readily obtained in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.
Transformation of Tetrafluoroethylene Using Transition-Metal Complexes
Authors: Ogoshi Sensuke , Doi Ryohei , Zhou Yuyang
Published: November 2022

Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is an industrial organofluorine feedstock that is used predominantly to fabricate fluorinated polymers. TFE exhibits excellent potential as a building block for synthesizing organofluorine compounds, which are increasingly gaining attention as functional materials, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. In particular, the use of transition-metal complexes in the transformation of TFE is of great interest, considering their widespread use in syntheses of organofluorine compounds over the last few decades. This review highlights studies on the transformation of TFE into organofluorine compounds using transition-metal complexes, except for polymerizations. Our review covers cross-coupling reactions via C–F bond cleavage, fluoroalkylation reactions, multicomponent couplings, and olefin metathesis.

1 Introduction

2 Palladium Complexes

3 Copper Complexes

4 Nickel Complexes

5 Ruthenium Complexes

6 Rhodium Complexes

7 Summary and Perspective
Need for adjunctive removal techniques for endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-pedunculated colonic polyps is predictive of recurrence
Authors: Li Suqing , Mosko Jeffrey , May Gary , Kandel Gabor , Kortan Paul , Marcon Norman , Teshima Christopher
Published: November 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) allows for safe and effective removal of large non-pedunculated colon polyps, but recurrence remains a significant concern. Risk factors for recurrence have previously been reported, however, the significance of these factors have varied and has uncertain applicability with recent advances in EMR techniques. We aimed to evaluate rates and risk factors for recurrence in recent years from a major Canadian referral center.

Patients and methods Consecutive patients between April 1, 2017 and March 1, 2019 who underwent piecemeal EMR were retrospectively identified. Patients with non-pedunculated colorectal polyps ≥ 2 cm removed by piecemeal EMR with available follow-up data were included.

Results Five hundred and seventeen patients were reviewed, with 265 patients satisfying inclusion criteria. The median age was 67 years (IQR 14); 48 % were female. 15 % had a recurrence on follow-up endoscopy. Adjunctive removal techniques were utilized in 31 % of patients, 95 % of which was hot avulsion. The use of adjunctive removal techniques (OR 2.87, P = 0.004) and male gender (OR 3.31, P = 0.003) was significantly predictive of recurrence on multivariate analysis. Receiver operating curve characteristics demonstrated good performance of these factors in predicting recurrence (area under the curve = 0.70).

Conclusions The use of adjunctive removal techniques, particularly hot avulsion and male gender are predictive of recurrence after piecemeal EMR of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps. Male patients and those who require hot avulsion may be considered high risk for recurrence and warrant closer follow-up.
A Retrospective Study of the Profile and Outcome of Children with Dravet Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Southern India
Authors: Banerjee Bidisha , Prabhu Sameeta M. , Lagudu Gowthami , Shetty Mitesh , Hegde Sridevi
Published: November 2022

Objective Dravet syndrome (DS) is an epileptic syndrome that shares similarities with febrile seizures (FS), especially before 1 year of age, making it challenging to differentiate the two. We describe the profile of DS, with emphasis on the first year of life that can aid in early diagnosis.

Methods The clinical, investigative, treatment, and outcome profiles of DS patients presenting to the outpatient department (OPD) between October 2016 and December 2021 in a single tertiary care center in South India were analyzed.

Results Seventeen children were studied, with median age at presentation of 30 (interquartile range [IQR] 10, 47) months. The median age at seizure onset was 5 (IQR 3, 6) months. First seizure semiology were generalized tonic-clonic (GTCS) (35.3%), focal (52.9%), and myoclonic (11.8%). Fever preceding first seizure was seen in 76.5%. Status epilepticus (SE; ≥30 minutes) and prolonged seizures (>10 minutes) were seen in 41.2% each, and >5 seizures were seen in 82.4% in the first year of life. The most frequent subsequent seizure types were focal seizures (76.5%) and GTCS (76.5%). Other seizure triggers included vaccination (52.9%), light (17.6%), and Hot-bath (5.8%). Delayed developmental milestones for age were found in 52.9% at diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain and electroencephalogram were normal in 76.4% each. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in SCN1A gene were seen in 64.7%. Average of 3.9 anti-seizure medications were used. After optimization of treatment seizure frequency reduced in 40% and 4/15 (26.6%) had SE.

Conclusion In addition to characteristic clinical profile of DS we observed atypical presentations: an earlier age of seizure onset and afebrile seizure at onset. Delayed diagnosis was noted. Seizure control improved and SE reduced on optimal treatment.
Flamelet generated manifold simulation of highly swirling spray combustion: Adoption of a mixed homogeneous reactor and inclusion of liquid-flame heat transfer
Authors: Lopes A. V. Brito , Emekwuru N. , Abtahizadeh E.
Published: November 2022

We undertake the modeling of the combustion of highly swirling fuel sprays using the Flamelet-Generated-Manifold (FGM) combustion-chemistry-reduction technique, especially the use of adiabatic tables generated with non-premixed chemical reactors. Preceding investigations indicated that tables thus generated can present uncertainties when used for predicting the finite-rate phenomena and different flame modes, and these are important for better prediction of spray flames in gas turbines. Thus, to address these, we have adopted a mixed-homogeneous chemical reactor that is applicable to both pre-mixed and non-premixed reactions and evaluated this using detailed computations of a constant-pressure mixed reactor. In addition, we have included curated levels of flame-liquid heat gain and loss in the generation of the FGM libraries and analyzed the effects on the major species formation. The methodologies were then incorporated into a Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes model to analyze the data from the reacting ethanol spray flames, and the results were tested against the values of the mixture fraction at axial locations, the burner power output, the flame heat release structure, and the mean of the flame lift-off. The computed burner power output and mean flame lift-off were ∼90.4% and ∼89.6% of the reported experimental data, respectively. Compared with the newest published large-eddy-simulation data, the predictions for the mixture fraction values especially at the center of the flame in the central-recirculation-zone were not underestimated, and the spatial distribution of the flame OH captured the flame height and shape better. The inclusion of mixed homogeneous reactors and flame-liquid heat transfer in FGM can enhance their use in spray-combustion studies.
What factors predict outcome from an inpatient multidisciplinary chronic pain service? A prospective cohort study
Authors: Mowat Rebecca M. , Lewis Gwyn N. , Borotkanics Robert J.
Published: November 2022

Objective To identify baseline factors associated with outcomes from an inpatient multidisciplinary pain management program (PMP) located in a bicultural area of Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods A prospective cohort study was undertaken involving 164 people with chronic pain who attended the PMP. Demographic, clinical, and psychosocial measures were obtained at baseline, whereas clinical and psychosocial outcome measures were also obtained at program discharge and 3-month follow up (N = 100). Multivariate analyses were used to determine baseline demographic variables that were associated with outcomes at discharge and follow up. Results Being male and working full-time were associated with poorer outcomes in select measures at discharge. At the 3-month follow up, Māori ethnicity, working full-time, being retired or unemployed, or having chronic widespread pain were associated with poorer outcomes for some measures, whereas those with rheumatoid arthritis had greater self-efficacy. Conclusions Sex, ethnicity, employment status, and patient condition impact clinical outcomes from the program and in the time from discharge to follow up. Program content and/or delivery should be altered to promote more equitable outcomes for all patients in the long term.
Language, translocality and urban change
Authors: Rosendal Tove , Nielsen Helle Lykke , Järlehed Johan , Milani Tommaso M. , Löfdahl Maria
Published: November 2022

This article addresses the role of translocal interconnectedness between offline and online spaces by examining the varied
presence of language displays in such spaces. Quantitative findings on language presence in the offline public spaces of four Gothenburg
neighbourhoods are contrasted with the online presence found in three Swedish search portals, and the differences are interpreted in light
of the broader socioeconomic processes of gentrification and segregation. The comparison between online and offline presence allows us to
give a more holistic picture of the neighbourhoods; it reveals, among other things, the presence of semi-public spaces, with a multilingual
presence of commercial enterprises and civil society organizations, and points out that some super-diverse neighbourhoods have more online
than offline presence on search portals. Thus, the often-stereotyped mental picture of these neighbourhoods as being passive, static,
‘segregated’ and ‘problematic’ is challenged.
The nature of graphs and graphemes in Middle Dutch writing and the problem of parsing
Authors: Wulf Chris De
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on the practical problems that go along with the sequencing of older non-standardised spelling forms into consonant and vowel graphemes. The issue of segmental parsing is important in research on the development of Dutch spelling, mostly drawing from thirteenth and fourteenth century charter spellings. The research aims are introduced in part 1, and then the problems of defining graphs and then syllables are discussed in part 2. These problems stem from the theoretical graphemic level, but have a very direct impact on the practical level, as they hinder the automatic parsing of tokens in the corpus, as discussed in part 3. The goal of this article is to provide partial solutions in parsing of non-standardised language data for graphemic research.
Two different experiments with the rope-attached sphere by using Arduino
Authors: Çoban Atakan , Akat Ercüment , Erdoğan Ahmet Cem
Published: November 2022

Arduino microcontrollers are electronic devices that can be used in physics experiments, and they are both affordable and readily available in comparison to other experimental sets. Students in high school and college can acquire valuable skills through the usage of Arduino in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education applications. In this study, two different physics experiments were conducted with a single, easy to develop, experimental setup by using Arduino, a force sensor and a rope-attached metallic sphere. First experiment, involved several analyses such as period, rope tension, and energy conservation during simple harmonic motion. In the second experiment, the metal ball was released from the rope’s connecting point, and the impulse acting on it between the times it was released and when it returned to equilibrium was measured. Analyses performed are in very precise force and time intervals and the results of all analyses are consistent with the theoretical values. Educational activities in this direction can both create maximum gains for students in STEM fields in limited education periods and contribute to equality of opportunity in education due to its economic nature.
Incorporating cross-voxel exchange for the analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging data: pre-clinical results
Authors: Sinno Noha , Taylor Edward , Hompland Tord , Milosevic Michael , Jaffray David A , Coolens Catherine
Published: November 2022

Tumours exhibit abnormal interstitial structures and vasculature function often leading to impaired and heterogeneous drug delivery. The disproportionate spatial accumulation of a drug in the interstitium is determined by several microenvironmental properties (blood vessel distribution and permeability, gradients in the interstitial fluid pressure). Predictions of tumour perfusion are key determinants of drug delivery and responsiveness to therapy. Pharmacokinetic models allow for the quantification of tracer perfusion based on contrast enhancement measured with non-invasive imaging techniques. An advanced cross-voxel exchange model (CVXM) was recently developed to provide a comprehensive description of tracer extravasation as well as advection and diffusion based on cross-voxel tracer kinetics (Sinno et al 2021). Transport parameters were derived from DCE-MRI of twenty TS-415 human cervical carcinoma xenografts by using CVXM. Tracer velocity flows were measured at the tumour periphery (mean 1.78–5.82 μm.s−1) pushing the contrast outward towards normal tissue. These elevated velocity measures and extravasation rates explain the heterogeneous distribution of tracer across the tumour and its accumulation at the periphery. Significant values for diffusivity were deduced across the tumours (mean 152–499 μm2.s−1). CVXM resulted in generally smaller values for the extravasation parameter

K

e
x
t

(mean 0.01–0.04 min−1) and extravascular extracellular volume fraction

v

e

(mean 0.05–0.17) compared to the standard Tofts parameters, suggesting that Toft model underestimates the effects of inter-voxel exchange. The ratio of Tofts’ extravasation parameters over CVXM’s was significantly positively correlated to the cross-voxel diffusivity (P < 0.0001) and velocity (P = 0.0005). Tofts’ increased

v

e

measurements were explained using Sinno et al (2021)’s theoretical work. Finally, a scan time of 15 min renders informative estimations of the transport parameters. However, a duration as low as 7.5 min is acceptable to recognize the spatial variation of transport parameters. The results demonstrate the potential of utilizing CVXM for determining metrics characterizing the exchange of tracer between the vasculature and the tumour tissue. Like for many earlier models, additional work is strongly recommended, in terms of validation, to develop more confidence in the results, motivating future laboratory work in this regard.
NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction diodes with ultra-low leakage current below 10−10 A and high thermostability
Authors: Huang Yi , Yang Wen , Wang Qi , Gao Sheng , Chen Wei-Zhong , Tang Xiao-Sheng , Zhang Hong-Sheng , Liu Bin
Published: November 2022

The 10 nm p-NiO thin film is prepared by thermal oxidation of Ni on β-Ga2O3 to form NiO/β-Ga2O3 p–n heterojunction diodes (HJDs). The NiO/β-Ga2O3 HJDs exhibit excellent electrostatic properties, with a high breakdown voltage of 465 V, a specific on-resistance (R
on,sp) of 3.39 mΩ⋅cm2, and a turn-on voltage (V
on) of 1.85 V, yielding a static Baliga's figure of merit (FOM) of 256 MW/cm2. Also, the HJDs have a low turn-on voltage, which reduces conduction loss dramatically, and a rectification ratio of up to 108. Meanwhile, the HJDs' reverse leakage current is essentially unaffected at temperatures below 170 °C, and their leakage level may be controlled below 10−10 A. This indicates that p-NiO/β-Ga2O3 HJDs with good thermal stability and high-temperature operating ability can be a good option for high-performance β-Ga2O3 power devices.
Spectral shift of solid high-order harmonics from different channels in a combined laser field
Authors: Cao Dong-Dong , Pan Xue-Fei , Zhang Jun , Liu Xue-Shen
Published: November 2022

We investigate theoretically the spectral shift of the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in ZnO driven by a combined laser field by solving the two-band semiconductor Bloch equations (SBEs) in the velocity gauge. The combined laser field is synthesized by a fundamental laser pulse and its seventh-frequency laser pulse. When the seventh-frequency laser pulse is added to the rising or falling parts of the fundamental laser field, we find that the spectral blueshift or redshift appears, which is due to the unequal contribution of the rising and falling parts in the fundamental laser field to the harmonics. By analyzing the time-dependent conduction band population in
k
space, we found that, in addition to the tunneling ionization channel, there is also the resonant electron injection channels which is induced by the seventh-frequency laser pulse. The harmonics generated by the different channels show the spectral redshift or the spectral blueshift, respectively. Through analyzing the
k
-integrated transient conduction band population of the electrons from different channels, we found that if there is a certain delay in the process of the electron excitation, it will lead to the delay in the harmonic emission, which results in the spectral redshift of the harmonics.
Black hole shadow in f(R) gravity with nonlinear electrodynamics*
Authors: Sun Jiaojiao , Liu Yunqi , Qian Wei-Liang , Chen Songbai , Yue Ruihong
Published: November 2022

By analyzing the propagation of discontinuity in nonlinear electrodynamics, we numerically investigate the related black hole shadows of recently derived rotating black hole solutions in

gravity. In this context, the geodesic motion of the relevant perturbations is governed by an effective geometry, which is closely related to the underlying spacetime metric. We derive the effective geometry, and the latter is used to determine the trajectory of the propagation vector of an arbitrary finite discontinuity in the electrodynamic perturbations, namely, the photon. Subsequently, the image of the black hole is evaluated using the ray-tracing technique. Moreover, we discuss the physical relevance of metric parameters, such as the nonlinear coupling, spin, and charge, by studying their impact on the resultant black hole shadows.
Effects of the formation time of parton shower on jet quenching in heavy-ion collisions*
Authors: Zhang Mengxue , He Yang , Cao Shanshan , Yi Li
Published: November 2022

Jet quenching has successfully served as a hard probe to study the properties of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). As a multi-particle system, jets require time to develop from a highly virtual parton to a group of partons close to mass shells. In this study, we present a systematical analysis on the effects of this formation time on jet quenching in relativistic nuclear collisions. Jets from initial hard scatterings were simulated with Pythia, and their interactions with QGP were described using a Linear Boltzmann Transport (LBT) model that incorporates both elastic and inelastic scatterings between jet partons and the thermal medium. Three different estimations of the jet formation time were implemented and compared, including instantaneous formation, formation from single splitting, and formation from sequential splittings, before which no jet-medium interaction was assumed. We found that deferring the jet-medium interaction with a longer formation time not only affects the overall magnitude of the nuclear modification factor of jets but also its dependence on the jet transverse momentum.
Tungsten doped diamond shells for record neutron yield inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Braun T. , Kucheyev S.O. , Shin S.J. , Wang Y.M. , Ye J. , Teslich Jr N.E. , Saw C.K. , Bober D.B. , Sedillo E.M. , Rice N.G. , Sequoia K. , Huang H. , Requieron W. , Nikroo A. , Ho D.D. , Haan S.W. , Hamza A.V. , Wild C. , Biener J.
Published: November 2022

We report on fabrication and characterization of layered, tungsten doped, spherical about 2 mm diameter microcrystalline diamond ablator shells for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments at the National Ignition Facility. As previously reported, diamond ICF ablator shells can be fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on solid spherical silicon mandrels using an ellipsoidal microwave plasma reactor. In the present work, we further developed these ablator shells by embedding a W-doped diamond layer sandwiched between two undoped diamond regions. W incorporation in diamond was achieved by adding tungsten hexacarbonyl to the CH4/H2 CVD feed gas. We observe that the W doping concentration decreases with increasing deposition rate which, in turn, is controlled by adjusting the total gas pressure. Cross sectional microstructural analysis reveals sharp interfaces between doped and undoped regions of the diamond shell and uniform W distribution with concentrations up to about 0.3 at.%. At higher W concentrations (>0.3 at.%) formation of tungsten carbide precipitates is observed. Using a 3‐shock 1.6 MJ laser pulse, the targets described in this work produced the first laser driven implosion to break the 1 × 1016 neutron yield barrier, followed by experiments (described in future publications) with similar targets and slightly more laser energy producing yields as high as 4 × 1017.
Preliminary consideration of the beam screen for the super
proton-proton collider
Authors: Hui X.J. , Wang J. , Hu Y.C. , Wang S.
Published: November 2022

This study evaluates the functional requirements of the
Super Proton-proton Collider (SPPC) beam screen in view of the
CEPC-SPPC project about to be built in China and aims to prove the
feasibility of using the scaled FCC-type beam screen. Moreover, the
study puts forward several feasible updated schemes with
extra-cooling to optimize the cryogenic efficiency under the
12.8 W/m synchrotron radiation (SR) heat load and decrease the
leaked SR power to the cold bore. The power distribution calculated
by Synrad+ is imported into the Ansys workbench to get the exact
thermal profile. The results show that the new scheme can restrict
the temperature rise within 1 K, with a 30 g/s mass flow rate of
the coolants. Such a profile can save over 1.3 MW electric power
per turn.
Engineering thixotropic supramolecular gelatin-based hydrogel as an injectable scaffold for cell transplantation
Authors: Nishiguchi Akihiro , Taguchi Tetsushi
Published: November 2022

Despite many efforts focusing on regenerative medicine, there are few clinically-available cell-delivery carriers to improve the efficacy of cell transplantation due to the lack of adequate scaffolds. Herein, we report an injectable scaffold composed of functionalized gelatin for application in cell transplantation. Injectable functionalized gelatin-based hydrogels crosslinked with reversible hydrogen bonding based on supramolecular chemistry were designed. The hydrogel exhibited thixotropy, enabling single syringe injection of cell-encapsulating hydrogels. Highly biocompatible and cell-adhesive hydrogels provide cellular scaffolds that promote cellular adhesion, spreading, and migration. The in vivo degradation study revealed that the hydrogel gradually degraded for seven days, which may lead to prolonged retention of transplanted cells and efficient integration into host tissues. In volumetric muscle loss models of mice, cells were transplanted using hydrogels and proliferated in injured muscle tissues. Thixotropic and injectable hydrogels may serve as cell delivery scaffolds to improve graft survival in regenerative medicine.
Spatial and temporal changes in the coupling of ecological environment and tourism development: the case of Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Liu Yiming , Suk Sunhee , Cai Yanning
Published: November 2022

The relationship between the ecological environment and tourism development is extremely complex. Summarizing evolutionary trends, temporal patterns and spatial differences in time and space can contribute to the coordinated development of an ecological environment and tourism. Based on the Carrying capacity–Supporting capability–Attraction capability–Evolutional capability–Development capability model and the Pressure–State–Response model, this paper proposes a conceptual index system using the entropy weight method and the coupled coordination degree model. The coupling coordination relationship between the ecological environment and tourism development in seven prefectures in the Kyushu region of Japan from 2010 to 2019 was analyzed. Then, using the membership degree model, the coordinated development of each prefecture was further analyzed. The results mainly show that in the Kyushu region, the degree of coupling coordination between the ecological environment and the tourism development system changed from moderate coordination to marginal coordination during the study period, then steadily improved, with large differences between regions. Based on the analysis results, this paper puts forward specific suggestions for the prefectures with lagging tourism development and lagging ecological environment development, respectively, to provide a reference path for the sustainable development of the ecological environment and tourism in the Kyushu region. For prefectures in the ecological environment development lag-type stage, the following requirements were identified: (a) the need for the government to strengthen tourism infrastructures; (b) the need for the government to focus on developing regional ecotourism, focusing on the fragility of island ecosystems and the sustainability of resources in the Kyushu region; (c) the need for the government to scientifically formulate tourism-related policies and plan tourism-related investments. For prefectures in the tourism development lag-type stage, the following were identified: (a) the need for the government to develop a variety of tourism products and create regional tourism brands based on local conditions; (b) prefectures should determine the main tourism functions and themes it offers based on the specifics of their resource advantages.
On the isomorphism class of 𝑞-Gaussian C*-algebras for infinite variables
Authors: Borst Matthijs , Caspers Martijn , Klisse Mario , Wasilewski Mateusz
Published: November 2022

For a real Hilbert space

H

R

H_{\mathbb {R}}

and

−
1
>
q
>
1

-1 > q > 1

Bozejko and Speicher introduced the C

∗

^\ast

-algebra

A
q

(

H

R

)

A_q(H_{\mathbb {R}})

and von Neumann algebra

M
q

(

H

R

)

M_q(H_{\mathbb {R}})

of

q
q

-Gaussian variables. We prove that if

dim
⁡
(

H

R

)
=
∞

\dim (H_{\mathbb {R}}) = \infty

and

−
1
>
q
>
1
,
q
≠
0

-1 > q > 1, q \not = 0

then

M
q

(

H

R

)

M_q(H_{\mathbb {R}})

does not have the Akemann-Ostrand property with respect to

A
q

(

H

R

)

A_q(H_{\mathbb {R}})

. It follows that

A
q

(

H

R

)

A_q(H_{\mathbb {R}})

is not isomorphic to

A
0

(

H

R

)

A_0(H_{\mathbb {R}})

. This gives an answer to the C

∗

^\ast

-algebraic part of Question 1.1 and Question 1.2 in raised by Nelson and Zeng [Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 17 (2018), pp. 5486–5535].
Use of a Vanadate Oxidation Conjugated Bilirubin Assay to Reduce Test Cancellations Resulting from Hemolyzed Specimens in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kaumeyer Benjamin A , Tjota Melissa Y , Parker Kyle , Chan Clarence W , Gant Kanegusuku Anastasia , Baldwin Angel D , Yeo Kiang-Teck J
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We sought to replace the highly hemolysis-susceptible diazo conjugated bilirubin (Bc) assay with the more robust vanadate oxidation method and determine its impact on test cancellation in the pediatric population.

Methods

Analytical validation of the Randox vanadate assay and comparison with the Roche diazo method were performed. The frequency of pediatric sample cancellation because of hemolysis was compared between the diazo and vanadate methods by retrospective analysis of clinical test data.

Results

The vanadate assay demonstrated no clinically significant interference from hemolysis up to a hemolysis index of 1,300 (approximately 13 g/L hemoglobin). There was a strong correlation with the diazo method (r2 = 0.97) but with a positive slope bias of 1.27. Implementing the vanadate method resulted in a significantly lower proportion of pediatric samples cancelled because of hemolysis compared with the diazo method (0.6% of 688 patients vs 30.6% of 10,464 patients, respectively; P < .001), with a 0.6% (n = 513) vs 43.2% (n = 6,464) reduction in test cancellations (P < .001) for children younger than 6 months of age.

Conclusions

The vanadate method showed robust performance against hemolysis. Its implementation resulted in a significant decrease in pediatric tests cancelled because of hemolysis.
Toward an Integrated Understanding of Language Use in Health Communication: Discourse-analytic and Message Design Approaches
Authors: Jia Mian
Published: November 2022

Applied linguists and Communication scholars have mainly adopted different yet complementary approaches to research on language and health communication. Using discourse-analytic (DA) approaches such as conversation analysis and corpus analysis, applied linguists tend to focus on describing and explicating health messaging techniques in naturally occurring interactions. In contrast, communication scholars favour message design (MD) approaches that compare the effects of different message features on participants’ perceptions, attitudes, and behavioural intentions. Drawing on examples from interpersonal medical consultation and public health campaign, I demonstrate that an integration of these two paradigms is beneficial for creating a holistic understanding of research on language and health communication. Specifically, the DA paradigm offers rich descriptions of social actions in terms of their organizational structures and linguistic realizations, whereas the MD paradigm quantitatively assess the impact of particular messaging strategies. The challenges and opportunities of this integration are also discussed.