bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and Application of Deep Learning Selection Method for Magnetotelluric Power Spectrum Based on Rhoplus Correction
Authors: Xi Biao , Xie Xingbing , Zhou Lei
Published: December 2023

Magnetotelluric (MT) is an electromagnetic exploration method using natural field sources, which are unstable, irregular, and vulnerable to interference from electromagnetic signals. The total power spectrum of the magnetotelluric signal is superimposed by a sub-power spectrum of segmented time series. To reduce the influence of electromagnetic interference, the pre-processing of magnetotelluric data will delete the severely interfered sub-power spectrum. The selection of power spectrum often requires human-computer interaction, which is time-consuming and laborious, heavily dependent on personal experience, and has great randomness. This article innovation is put forward based on the classification of Rhoplus correction and deep learning automatic power spectrum method, first of all, the MT power spectrum impedance estimation results are Rhoplus one dimensional inversion and obtain fitting, using neural network learning fitting differential characteristics and classification, and then for the power spectrum of MT again after low-quality quantum power spectrum to eliminate overlay, Impedance estimation is performed, and the above process is repeated to find the optimal power spectrum combination. Through the comparison and verification of measured MT data, the automatic power spectrum selection method based on Rhoplus correction and deep learning classification achieve similar results to manual editing.
Automatic Recognition Method of Low SNR Regions Based on U-net
Authors: Sun Luping
Published: December 2023

The SNR (signal-to-noise ratio, SNR) attribute of seismic data is often used to evaluate the processing effect and help finding special geological bodies. Most of the SNR extraction methods need manual analysis to determine the location and time window, which has low precision and long consumption. In addition, the existing methods cannot accurately identify the boundary of low SNR region. This paper presents an automatic recognition method of low SNR regions of seismic data, which uses U-net (U-shaped fully convolutional network) to detect the boundaries of low SNR regions. The core of the method is to convert the recognition of SNR distribution into an image segmentation problem. We gives the specific process, takes the theoretical simulation data with different SNR as samples for network training, and uses the well trained model to segment seismic data with different SNR. The practical application shows the method has strong generalization ability, significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of SNR recognition, and greatly reduces the workload of manual analysis.
A Shear Wave Prediction Based on Levenberg-Maequart Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Cui Yi-An , Zhang Shihui
Published: December 2023

Shear wave velocity plays an important role in geophysics. Usually, the compressional velocity information is contained in the log data, but the shear velocity information is missing due to the cost and imperfect technology. Therefore, accurate prediction of shear velocity is a necessary step in seismic inversion. In order to solve this problem, we propose a shear velocity prediction method based on Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. It grows from the Elman neural network algorithm, which establishes a nonlinear mapping relationship between shear velocity and other log curves by optimizing the log curve weights, and achieves a reasonable prediction of shear velocity.
Experiment and Application of A Aparker Source in Seismic Exploration in Coastal Tidal Flats
Authors: Li Guangcai , Wang Xingyu , Wang Tong , Wang Kai
Published: December 2023

We investigate a field experiment in coastal tidal flats in Jiangsu Province using a sparker source, to test the seismic data acquisition system and detect the shallow layers in the real scenarios. We also compare the geophones with 60Hz and 10Hz natural frequency in shot gather as well as in stacked profiles. We process the different data separately, and then process them together in a wide-line mode. As predicted, the fold is doubled showing a higher signal to noise ratio. Through the routine multi-domain integrated noise removal and effective data processing, the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic data get largely improved, and thus we successfully obtain the high-quality seismic profiles. The practical experiment results are of importance for shallow geological and environmental detections, as well as for geo-hazard prevention study in the related areas.
Noise Processing of Ocean Absolute Gravity Data Based on Savitzky-golay Filtering Algorithm
Authors: Yuan Peng , Qiao Zhongkun , Zhu Dong , Zhao Yingpeng , Zhou Yin , Xu Han , Wu Bin , Lin Qiang
Published: December 2023

High-precision data on absolute gravity have a wide range of applications, including basic science, resource exploration, national defense infrastructure, seismic studies, and inertial navigation, among others. The atomic gravimeter, known for its high sampling rate, accuracy and long-term stability, is particularly well suited for high-precision measurements of absolute gravity in oceanic and deep-sea environments. However, the challenging conditions found in the ocean introduce significant noise into the gravity data obtained from atomic gravimeters. This noise adversely affects the accuracy of gravity measurements, which in turn affects the interpretation of geological structures. Consequently, the analysis and processing of noise in atomic gravimeter data has become a focal point in the research of high-precision absolute oceanic gravity dynamic measurements. In this study, we conducted absolute gravity measurement experiments using the shipboard atomic absolute gravity measurement system developed at Zhejiang University of Technology. To filter the collected gravity data, we used the Savitzky-Golay (SG) filtering algorithm. This algorithm not only preserves essential measurement information, but also provides superior accuracy compared to conventional filtering methods.
3D printing of titanium dioxide and polyaniline-based photocatalytic composites
Authors: Saengchai Natawan , Hemha Niwat , Nuansing Wiwat
Published: December 2023

Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising method for wastewater treatment, organic removal, and hydrogen gas production. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a popular photocatalyst due to its ability to absorb ultraviolet light, its electronic structure, and its optical and chemical stability. The photocatalytic capacity of TiO2 is influenced by its crystal structure (anatase, rutile, and brookite), particle size, and surface area, which can be optimized. Moreover, TiO2 can be coated onto substrates such as ceramics or polymers. This research aims to investigate the application of 3D printing techniques to fabricate composites between TiO2 and polyaniline (PANI) under controlled processing conditions. The 3D photocatalyst was characterized using XRD, SEM, XAS, FTIR, and UV-VIS techniques. The results of this research could pave the way for more efficient and effective photocatalysts fabricated by 3D printing technique, with potential benefits for environmental sustainability and energy production.
Analysis of neutron monitor count rates and timing distributions from latitude surveys
Authors: Yakum P , Khamphakdee S , Nuntiyakul W , Sáiz A , Ruffolo D , Evenson P , Bangliang C , Seripienlert A , Jiang P , Chuanraksasat P , Munakata K , Madsen J , Soonthornthum B , Komonjinda S
Published: December 2023

Neutron monitors continuously record the hadronic part of secondary atmospheric radiation on the ground, which originates from primary cosmic rays. In Thailand, we developed a mobile neutron monitor housed inside a standard-size shipping container named “Changvan.” It contains three neutron-sensitive proportional counters set up in the typical NM64 layout. However, the central counter doesn’t have the lead producer, leading us to refer to it as a “semi-leaded” neutron monitor. We examined cosmic ray spectral variations on two latitude surveys during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. This work examines the ratio of count rates between leaded and unleaded setups, which shows notable variation based on geomagnetic cutoff rigidity, suggesting a sensitivity to the cosmic ray spectrum. This measurement could be implemented at stationary stations. The unleaded counter, shielded by the reflector with a higher count from nearby lead, may have advantages over a bare one. Furthermore, we explore alternative techniques to identify spectral changes in Galactic cosmic rays using Changvan data. We analyze using time delay histograms to determine the leader fraction (L) of neutrons that are not preceded by another neutron from the same primary cosmic ray. We also examine other parameters, including the alpha (α) parameter and pulse rate (PR), which can be compared with count rates (CR). Our findings indicate that the ratios of L and α are not significantly affected by geomagnetic cutoff rigidity. In contrast, CR and PR exhibit significant dependency and show opposite trends.
Pulse selection algorithm for NM64 neutron detector
Authors: Kittiya A , Nuntiyakul W , Chaiwongkhot K , Sáiz A , Ruffolo D , Seripienlert A , Evenson P
Published: December 2023

We propose an algorithm to sepearate pile-up pulses in neutron detectors by utilizing a standard pulse. For this method to be effective, the data must consist mostly of isolated pulses. First, we define a reference pulse by averaging a sample of clearly isolated pulses. Then, for an arbitrary signal, we calculate a shape deviation by summing up the squared residuals between it and the reference pulse. The pulse with the greatest shape deviation is removed from the process. We then recalculate the reference pulse and repeat until the remaining pulses have shape deviation within a threshold. These remaining pulses exhibit a very good linear trend between area and height, allowing us to screen those suspected as pile-ups. A pulse much higher than the final reference pulse, despite being in the area-height-trend and having low shape deviation, is considered a pile-up of two identical pulses. The final reference pulse is fitted to a function defined by two pieces of Gaussian-multiplied polynomial, normalized, and called the standard pulse. We attempted to fit the pile-up pulse with one standard pulse to separate pile-up pulses. If the sum of squared normalized residuals is higher than some threshold, we add one more pulse, try fitting again, and repeat up to three pulses. We apply this algorithm to the pulses collected from one counter at the Princess Sirindhorn Neutron Monitor station at the summit of Doi Inthanon Mountain, Chiang Mai, Thailand, measured by an oscilloscope. The algorithm correctly separates obvious pile-up cases, allowing to record individual pulse timing with improved accuracy. However, we found small pulses, usually belong to gamma rays, that blend with neutron pulse and pass 100 mV output filtration. After removing those under 100 mV, the pulse area distribution of the separated pile-up is consistent with that of single pulses except at very small pulse sizes.
Synchronisation of linear accelerator for fruit irradiation with FPGA-based system
Authors: Kokkrathoke S , Yachum N , Chunjarean S , Manasatitpong K
Published: December 2023

Linear accelerator (LINAC) has been broadly used in various applications in recent years. For instance, the LINAC can produce X-rays and high-energy electrons, which are utilised in radiation therapy for medical purposes and also applied to fruit steriliser for exportation. At present, the prototype of the 6 MeV LINAC for fruit irradiation by using a magnetron radio frequency (RF) source has been developed at Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI) in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The LINAC consists of several key sub-systems such as pulsed modulators both for electron gun and magnetron used to power the LINAC, magnetic guidance and beam diagnostic systems. All these have been integrated and worked in proper function to reach a proper and stable RF acceleration. Therefore, a timing system is required with well synchronisation for precise transfer of the clock and reference trigs to each sub-system. Furthermore, the low-cost in-house synchronous equipment has been built here for domestic researchers when they would like to apply this system to their work in the future; consequently, the FPGA-based system for real-time synchronisation has been created to achieve the sequences of the LINAC timing system. In this design, the Zybo Z7 development board from the Xilinx Zynq-7000 family is chosen, which integrates the programmable logic (PL) and processing system (PS) in the same chip. The experimental results are presented by the LINAC operation with synchronisation between a precise time and various delay times on both pulsed modulators, which the synchronous technique with accurate time demonstrates excellent performances leading to stable X-ray radiation for fruit irradiation with synchronous operation between the electron gun and magnetron.
Commissioning of Pixel Sensor Telescope for Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor Characterization
Authors: Kittimanapun Kritsada , Laojamnongwong Natthawut , Kaewjai Jetnipit , Kobdaj Chinorat , Poonsawat Wanchaloem
Published: December 2023

The Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) have been promisingly demonstrated as a core part of tracking detectors used in many experiments. In order to obtain decent particle tracks generated after high-energy particle collision, it is especially important that the detector must consist of high-performance MAPS. A pixel sensor telescope is a tool employed to investigate the properties of MAPS using high-energy particle test beams. At the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), the pixel sensor telescope assembled with five layers of 50-µm thick pixel sensors has been commissioned and tested both in the laboratory with a radioactive source and by a high-energy electron test beam produced at the SLRI Beam Test Facility. With sensor signal threshold ranging from 9.73 to 10.15 DAC and noises between 0.62 and 0.87 DAC, each plane of the pixel sensor telescope can detect particles decaying from the radioactive source. Moreover, the test beam profiles have been measured to be 4.00 - 4.56 mm and 1.15 - 2.29 mm in horizontal and vertical axes, respectively. Correlations between each plane have been observed and confirm the proper operation of the pixel sensor telescope. Consequently, the pixel sensor telescope can be used to characterize the pixel sensor prototype.
The smearing function from the functional renormalization group
Authors: Dhanawittayapol Rujikorn , Hengpunya Varagorn , Kritsarunont Karankorn
Published: December 2023

The smearing function has been proposed as a tool for writing down the one-loop correction to the Wilsonian effective action in the form of the Schwinger proper-time representation of the functional determinant. Due to the fact that the existence of the smearing function is only a postulate, it is interesting to explore if it is possible to obtain such a function from the functional renormalization group, which is a closely related formulation. In this work, we show that it is possible to obtain the smearing function from the functional renormalization group only in a special case, but not in general cases.
Relations between tree-level closed string amplitudes and mixed string amplitudes at fewer points
Authors: Yuenyong Aphiwat , Srisangyingcharoen Pongwit
Published: December 2023

We formulated the relations between closed string amplitudes and mixed string amplitudes at tree level. In this paper we focus on fewer points of external states. We factorized the closed string amplitudes by analytical continuation of complex variables. With a careful examination of branch points, the results show that closed string amplitudes can be expressed in terms of products of mixed string amplitudes and additional terms with appropriate phase factors. In terms of five-point amplitudes, we introduced a one-parameter dependent amplitude to capture the results. Finally, some physical interpretations were provided.
Energy and exergy analysis with cost-efficiency comparison of modified phase change material (PCM) integrated with solar panel thermal system
Authors: Naowapathiwech Boonchai , Ariyachansil Pitchayut , Khetubol Adis , Cho Natthawin
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of integrating Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into solar panels to optimize power output and power conversion efficiency under varying temperature conditions. By applying PCMs, temperature fluctuations can be reduced, maintaining solar panels at an optimal temperature for power generation. The research employs modeling and simulation techniques, focusing on energy and exergy analysis of solar energy storage systems based on pure and modified PCMs such as Paraffin wax, Sodium acetate trihydrate, Sodium sulfate decahydrate, etc. Temperature and light intensity data are collected in the Wangchan district, Rayong province, using a light intensity sensor and a thermocouple. The study analyzes each layer of the solar panel, employing numerical methods and matrix solutions to solve the system of non-algebraic equations, yielding temperature values for each component layer. The thermodynamic properties of the modified PCMs are calculated theoretically, and their cost-efficiency is analyzed by comparing the solar panel’s increased power area density generation after applying specific PCMs to the cost of the PCM. The simulation results demonstrate that the solar panel integrated with PCM generates up to 11.1% more power than a regular solar panel, assuming negligible heat loss from the sides of the solar panel and an average temperature during the melting and solidification processes for the PCMs. Moreover, the best cost-efficiency of the modified PCM is achieved, with an increase of up to 637.7%, using a combination of paraffin wax and polyethylene glycol.
Characterization of magnetic field for loading, trapping and transferring cold atom close to the atom chip’s surface
Authors: Kaewart N , Thaicharoen N , Sompet P , Chattrapiban N
Published: December 2023

Atom chips provide flexible technologies for implementing modern concepts in quantum optics, quantum measurement, and quantum information processing. Atom chips are miniature devices that confine, control and manipulate cold atoms using electric, magnetic, and light fields. Due to the shrinkage of scale, arbitrary magnetic traps can be generated from current sources outside the chip’s vacuum compartment, in contrast to a traditional setup. This makes it easy to change trap configurations in an experiment that involves rapid prototyping of quantum states and quantum trajectory designs in free space. In this work, we show relevant parameters needed for transferring a cold atom cloud at the recoil limit from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) to an area close to the atom chip. To create a movable magnetic potential for this transfer, we used the MOT coils and an additional pair of coils in an anti-Helmholtz configuration. The properties of the movable potential were obtained by performing the Computer Simulation Tool (CST EM Studio suite®). Furthermore, an appropriate magnetic trap on a chip is developed, based on the simulation from COMSOL Multiphysics. We used a magnetic field gradient of around 20 G/cm to transport the cold atom with a distance over 20 mm with a temperature gain below 100 micro-Kelvin. The simulation results are based on an atom chip with a size of 2×2 cm2 and a copper wire thickness of 2 mm. The atom chip consists of Z, U and I-shaped wires that generate a quadrupole magnetic field. The resulting field minimum can be made at least 7 mm away from the chip surface.
The effect of under and over develop time in Josephson junction fabrication process using electron beam lithography
Authors: Aketasaeng Autpittayakul , Sangtawesin Sorawis , Kittiwatakul Salinporn
Published: December 2023

In the 1960s, the physicist Brian Josephson introduced the concept of Josephson tunnel junctions, which involve the tunneling of Cooper pairs across a barrier between superconducting electrodes. The typical methods of fabricating Josephson junction such as Dolan bridge and cross-type technique require specialized equipment for angle deposition. In this work, we present Josephson junction fabrication process using electron beam lithography that eliminates the need for angle deposition. The dose test was performed to optimize the right dose and we also explored various develop time. We observed that for PMMA A9 film with thickness 1.3 μm, the electron dose 280 μC/cm2 and develop time between 1.30 – 2.00 minutes produces clear pattern with sharp features. The effect of under and over develop time is shown such that there are resist residue left on the substrate after lift-off process and the longer develop time created an undercut.
A simulation study of magnetic nanoparticle clustering in a fluid flow
Authors: Kosolpattanadurong Thitiwat , Sodsri Nopparuj , Khetubol Adis , Cho Natthawin
Published: December 2023

The assembly of magnetic nanoparticles has been promisingly used in biomedical applications. Several computational studies have addressed the study of cluster formation in the colloidal regime. However, these studies did not mention the formation of clusters in nonequilibrium conditions, such as fluid flow. To fill this gap, we develop computational models of magnetohydrodynamic systems to study their behavior within a flow in terms of cluster shape formation. All simulations were performed by Verlet integration through LAMMPS, a molecular dynamics framework. Through simulations, we discover that the fluid flow promotes formation of non-linear clusters, and linear clusters tend to orient toward the direction of the flow. These phenomena are investigated by using the equilibrium of magnetic torque and fluid torque. The analysis shows that the formation of non-linear clusters are mainly assisted by a bias-orientation of the unstable linear clusters, while the bias-orientation is originated from the torque cancellation in the direction of the flow.
Radiation shielding and CuCr1Zr/Pb/PE and Fe/Pb/PE beam dump design for 220-MeV electron linear accelerator
Authors: Aim-O Pawitra , Manasatitpong Keerati , Jummunt Siriwan
Published: December 2023

This paper addresses the radiation issues, in particular the photon and neutron shielding, associated with the radiation shielding room and beam dump design for the 220-MeV electron linear accelerator. The energy deposition of a 220 MeV electron dump was investigated to determine the radius and length of the core of the dump with different materials. The angle of the primary shield relative to the beam direction was studied to design the perpendicular and lateral shield wall for the linear accelerator shielding room. In addition, the labyrinth design had been considered in this case. FLUKA Monte Carlo code has been computed to perform attenuation studies of photon and neutron radiation which were produced by the electromagnetic shower and photon interactions of materials. The prompt radiation fields which are photons and neutrons distributions in this design were observed. Two types of beam dump have been investigated. The first one is composed of CuCr1Zr, lead, and polyethylene. Another one is similar, but the first layer material was changed from CuCr1Zr to iron. The simulation results revealed that the beam dump and radiation shielding wall exhibit excellent performance in attenuating both photon and neutron radiation. The capability of beam dumps to absorb electron energy is well-designed. The dose distributions around the shielding room are below the design criteria, which can be applied to use for the 220-MeV electron linear accelerator.
Study of topological and physical properties of Schwarzschild and Kerr space-time equipped with Zeeman topology
Authors: Ubonsri Peem , Chattrapiban Narupon , Watcharangkool Apimook
Published: December 2023

The Zeeman topology, first proposed by E. C. Zeeman in 1967, is a topology for Minkowski space that is physically well-motivated, but more intricate than the standard Euclidean topology. Later, it was extended to general relativity in 1976 by R. Göbel. Despite its compatibility with pseudo-Riemannian geometry, the Zeeman topology is rarely used in the literature due to its lack of second-countability. This work aims to explore the implications of the Zeeman topology for Schwarzschild and Kerr space-time. Specifically, we investigate the compactness of trapped surfaces and the validity of the singularity theorem. Our findings suggest that the Zeeman topology may offer alternative views to certain physical phenomena in general relativity.
Investigation of structural, optical, and electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS/Au/PEDOT:PSS multilayer films
Authors: Sujinnapram Supphadate , Wongrerkdee Sawitree , Lohawet Khathawut , Krobthong Sucheewan , Moungsrijun Sasimonton , Kaewprajak Anusit , Kumnorkaew Pisist , Wongrerkdee Sutthipoj
Published: December 2023

PEDOT:PSS/Au/PEDOT:PSS multilayer films were successfully prepared and investigated. The PEDOT:PSS and Au layers were prepared using spin coating and DC sputtering, respectively. The thickness of the Au layer was varied within the range of 2–10 nm to investigate its impact on the resulting multilayer films. The amorphous nature of the multilayer films was interpreted from X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified that the multilayer films were the major surface chemical structure of PEDOT:PSS. The optical transmittance and sheet resistance characteristics of the multilayer films exhibited a significant reduction owing to the presence of the Au interlayer. In order to evaluate the optical-electrical properties of the multilayer films, a figure of merit (FOM) was calculated. Remarkably, the multilayer films featuring a thin Au layer of 2 nm yielded the highest FOM value. Therefore, it can be demonstrated that multilayer films of PEDOT:PSS/Au/PEDOT:PSS fabricated with a thin Au layer can be applicable for utilization in optoelectronic devices.
Irradiated animal bedding material derived from cattail leaves and rice straw with orthophosphoric acid activation for amplified ammonia absorption
Authors: Sawangsin Yanisa , Boonsakdee Siratcha , Yoshimoto Ai , Pimpromma Rinyarat , Mueanngern Yutichai , Suntiworapong Siriporn , Anantachaisilp Suranan
Published: December 2023

This scientific study investigates the suitability of cattail leaves and rice straw as biomass materials for animal bedding. Cattail, an invasive plant species known for its ability to thrive in nutrient-rich environments, offers high cellulose content for absorption. In combination with rice straw, which is readily available and cost-effective, the aim is to achieve optimal carbon-to-nitrogen ratios that suppress the growth of microorganisms. To resist bacterial growth, the mixed cattail leaves and rice straw samples undergo treatment with orthophosphoric acid at concentration of 25%, 30%, and 35% v/v, followed by gamma irradiation at 25 kGy. A comprehensive evaluation of the materials, focusing on surface morphology, water absorption, ammonia absorption, and bacterial resistance was conducted. SEM images provide evidence of dramatic surface restructuring. Samples treated with 30% v/v orthophosphoric acid exhibit enhanced water absorption capacities, and can absorb water equivalent to 2.2 times their own weight. Also, samples containing a 1:1 ratio of cattail leaves and rice straw demonstrate superior ammonia absorptions as evidenced by gas chromatography (GC) measurements compared to other samples. After sample irradiation, less bacterial growth was observed by optical density measurements. These findings support the potential utilization of a 1:1 ratio of cattail leaves and rice straw, treated with orthophosphoric acid of 30% v/v and irradiated with gamma radiation, as an effective animal bedding material. This combination offers advantages in terms of waste absorption and microbial control, making it a promising option for use in animal husbandry and laboratory settings.
Simplified models for electron-phonon interactions in materials: insights from theory and experimental data
Authors: Na Ranong N , Natkunlaphat N , Pinsook U
Published: December 2023

Understanding electron-phonon interactions is crucial for optimizing materials. This study investigates electron-phonon interactions in a specific material using Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) and focuses on the self-energy analysis. The self-energy quantifies the interaction between electrons and phonons, influencing the material’s electronic properties. Comparing the results obtained from the Debye and constant models, the constant model demonstrates superior performance, highlighting the significance of optical modes in determining the self-energy. When the material exhibits multiple peaks in its Eliashberg spectral function, we observe a strong correlation between peak positions in the Eliashberg spectral function and the real part of the self-energy. These findings provide valuable insights for designing materials with tailored electronic properties, particularly in superconducting applications. Such advancements have significant implications for various fields, including electronics, energy storage, and renewable energy.
Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) of ZnO nanostructures gas sensor by adding Au:Pd metal with response to ethanol and acetone vapor
Authors: Hongsith N , Chansuriya S , Yatmontree B , Uai S
Published: December 2023

In this work, we present a new gas sensor detection method using the capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) technique. The ZnO nanostructures were prepared by the current heating technique and then added Au: Pd nanoparticles on their surface by a sputtering technique. The gas detector with a C4D system had been fabricated. A data acquisition system was designed to record the signal obtained from the detection electrode. The sensing properties of the sensor with different gas vapor concentrations and operating temperatures have been investigated. Sensitivity was defined as the ratio of signal data in air and vapor gas ambient. The results found that the signal data depend on gas concentration and temperature. However, the results showed lower sensitivity than other techniques, such as the resistive ZnO gas sensor. Finally, the gas sensing mechanism in terms of surface charge density was proposed and used to explain the sensitivity enhancement of C4D ZnO gas sensors.
In vitro studies of Cholangiocarcinoma cell lines response to X-rays and Neutron irradiation
Authors: Malad Y , Kartini D A , Karoon P , Suayod S , Waree K , Tippayamontri T , Sanghangthum T , Talubnin C , Kobdaj C
Published: December 2023

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer that is prevalent in the northeastern part of Thailand. Surgical treatment is the gold standard for CCA treatment, but some CCA patients are inoperable. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are alternative treatments to improve the quality of life of patients. However, the effect of radiotherapy on CCA treatment is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of X-rays and neutron beams on the human CCA cell line (KKU-055). First, KKU-055 cells were irradiated using 6 MV X-rays with a dose range of 0–5 Gy at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) to obtain reference data. Next, cells were exposed to thermal neutron beams with doses ranging from 0 to 5 Gy using the Thai Research Reactor-1/Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) at the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT). After neutron irradiation, survival curves were studied, and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was investigated. The findings revealed that the survival rate of the KKU-055 cells under X-ray irradiation is lower than that of neutron beams. To increase neutron interaction with the DNA of CCA cell lines, we plan to introduce boron compounds to CCA cell lines prior to neutron irradiation. This technique is referred to as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
Development of a 483 nm external cavity diode laser with cat-eye reflector
Authors: Rattanathammakorn P , Temnuch W , Buathong S , Deachapunya S
Published: December 2023

An external cavity diode laser, equipped with a cat-eye reflector setup, an interference filter, and a polarizing beam splitter, has been demonstrated to produce a laser wavelength of approximately 483 nm. This ECDL is based on the affordably priced commercial laser diode, GH04850B2G. Critical characteristics, such as fluctuations in optical power and output wavelength in response to injected current, were investigated. In anticipation of potential experiments involving rubidium Rydberg atoms, a simulation of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum was conducted using this laser setup in conjunction with a 780-nm laser.
Synthesis BaFe12O19/RGO Composite As Microwave Absorber For Ku-Band
Authors: Sinuhaji P , Setiadi E A , Aritonang R A
Published: December 2023

In this study, a composite microwave absorber consist of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) for Ku-band (12-18 GHz) was prosperous blend. Barium hexaferrite to arrange using the sonochemical method and at calcination temperature of 1000°C and a holding time of 1 hour. Subsequently, commercial RGO was composited with barium hexaferrite at a weight percentage of 6% RGO. The synthesized composite was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to analyze the formed phases, Raman Spectroscopy to confirm the presence of RGO in the composite, and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to evaluate the microwave absorption performance. The XRD test results show that there is no change in the crystal structure of barium hexaferrite due to the addition of RGO. The VNA test results showed that the addition of RGO could enhance the reflection loss value of barium hexaferrite. The BaFe12O19/RGO compound displayed a reflection loss value of -14.43 dB at a frequence of 16.50 GHz.
Investigation of Calcination Duration on the Surface Morphology and Specific Surface Area of Zeolite-Chitosan Composite with Oil Palm Ash for Potential Water Contaminant Remediation
Authors: Suka Khairunnisa , Frida Erna , Rianna Martha , Bonardo Doli
Published: December 2023

This research investigates how varying calcination durations affect the surface characteristics of a Zeolite-Chitosan composite with oil palm ash, aiming to determine its water contaminant removal potential. Three different calcination durations (1, 2, and 3 hours) are studied. The synthesis involves mixing oil palm ash with Zeolite-Chitosan, followed by varying-duration calcination. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface area analysis (SAA) are used to assess surface characteristics. Initial findings indicate that changing calcination duration significantly impacts the composite’s surface features and specific surface area. Longer calcination leads to increased surface roughness and higher specific surface area. The 3-hour calcination results in the highest surface roughness and specific surface area among the durations tested. These findings suggest that calcination duration is crucial in altering the composite’s structural properties, which could affect its efficacy in adsorbing water contaminants. Ongoing research aims to better understand the relationship between calcination duration and the composite’s adsorption performance, ultimately optimizing the synthesis of the Zeolite-Chitosan composite with oil palm ash for efficient water contaminant remediation.
Effect of Urea and Chitosan Doping on Red Bean Carbon Dots as Heavy Metal Detectors
Authors: Sinuhaji Perdinan , Syahri Alfi
Published: December 2023

The synthesis of red bean carbon dots doped with urea and chitosan has been successfully carried out using the bottom-up method via hydrothermal technique at 200°C for 4 hours. UV-VIS characterization showed that Carbon Dots : Red Beans + NaOH had an absorbance value of 2.55, Carbon Dots : Red Beans + NaOH + Urea had an absorbance value of 1.55, while Carbon Dots :Red Beans + Urea + Chitosan had an absorbance value of 2.66. FTIR characterization shows that the Carbon Dots do not change in spectral wave number with wave numbers 3265 cm -1 to 1021 cm -1 . Microstructure of Red Beans + NaOH Carbon Dots has a spherical microstructure with a diameter of between 7-12 nm, and Red Beans + NaOH + Urea Carbon Dots has a cubical microstructure. Meanwhile, Carbon Dots from Red Beans + Urea + Chitosan have a spherical microstructure with a diameter of 6 - 9 nm. The EDX characterization shows that the Carbon Dots sample contains the elements C, O, K, Cl, Na.
Reduction of rainwater turbidity using zeolite
Authors: Wibowo Edy , Ulya Naily , Syaifullah Ilham , Surya Alam Erpanda , Rokhmat Mamat , Suwandi  , Marwoto Putut , Sutisna
Published: December 2023

In this work, we showed that rainwater harvesting offers a potential solution for overcoming clean water emergencies. However, rainwater that has been held for more than two months will be hazy and mossy in appearance. Rainwater must, therefore, first be treated to make it clearer. Rainwater was treated using clinoptilolite-type zeolite. We used two sizes of zeolite particles: large (0.02 cm) and small (0.002 cm). The zeolite was activated in an oven at 225 °C for 3 hours. After 50 hours of immersion, it was found that large-sized zeolite could lower the turbidity of rainwater by up to 86.2% without increasing the TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) value. Small-sized zeolite might reduce the turbidity of rainwater by 8% for the same immersion time. These findings show that larger zeolites are more efficient at reducing rainwater turbidity. Large-sized zeolite does not require any further processing to be made smaller before use because it is readily available on the market. Furthermore, it showed that the zeolite-based rainwater treatment process employs the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
On the Mechanism Underlying the Distinct Activities of Rutile-Type Metal Oxides Toward Methane Activation
Authors: Haris Mahyuddin Muhammad , Dzaudan Naufal Farrel , Afifah Hasna
Published: December 2023

We report herein a density functional theory study on the C–H bond activation of CH4 over several rutile-type metal oxide catalysts, namely IrO2(110), TiO2(110), and β-MnO2(110) surfaces. We find that CH4 is strongly chemisorbed on the IrO2(110) surface, which distorts the CH4 geometry. Together with a strong thermodynamic driving force derived from the formation of Ir–CH3 bond, the H–CH3 bond activation proceeds with a negative barrier. In contrast, a weakly chemisorbed CH4 molecule on the TiO2(110) surface cannot proceed to the C–H bond cleavage due to a high activation barrier and a low thermodynamic driving force. The reaction on the β-MnO2(110) surface, on the other hand, is found to begin with a weak CH4 physisorption, followed by the C–H bond scission with a low activation barrier. However, here, the formation of •CH3 radical is more preferred than the Mn–CH3 bond formation, most possibly due to the electrophilic nature of MnO that suitably renders the catalyst as a perfect electron acceptor for the H-atom abstraction of CH4. With such low barrier and stability of the •CH3 formation, we suggest β-MnO2(110) as a potential catalyst that is good not only for the H–CH3 bond activation but also for the methanol formation.
Optimization of Calcination Temperature to Synthesis ZnO Nanostructures as Photocatalyst Using Pineapple as Chelating Agent
Authors: Ismardi Abrar , Wahyudhin Fathona Indra , Nur Rezky Anisa , Hakimin Abdullah Nor , Prastika Aurisa , Fahlevi Ali Rafsanjani Mukhammad , Ashila Farikha Mayundri Siti , Deviyana Gunawan Theresia
Published: December 2023

ZnO nanostructures were successfully synthesized using the sol-gel method with pineapple extract (Ananas comosus (L.)) as a chelating agent. ZnO nanostructures using cayenne pineapple (Ananas comosus var.cayenne) chelate were calcined at temperatures ranging from 500 ˚C to 900 ˚C, while queen pineapple (Ananas comosus var.queen) was calcined at 700 ˚C and 800 ˚C. ZnO nanostructures synthesized with cayenne pineapple chelate and calcinated at 800 ˚C showed an average particle size of 1.858 μm and an average crystallite size of 35.10 nm, while at 700 ˚C, it was 30.90 nm. The diffraction peaks can be indexed as a hexagonal wurtzite structure (a = 3.25x10−10 m, c = 5.21x10−10 m). The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was evaluated for the photodegradation of methylene blue under UV light radiation. The most effective degradation was achieved with ZnO nanostructures synthesized with cayenne pineapple chelate at a calcination temperature of 700 ˚C under UV light irradiation for 240 minutes. The degradation rate was 55.87% at a concentration of 10 ppm MB solution.
Development of formalin detection system on wet noodles and tengkawang seed fat (shorea sp.) as a natural preservative solution
Authors: Rosdiana E , Kusumaningtyas V A , Sitorus A A , Raihan M , Firmansyah G A , Purbowati E , Andini R I
Published: December 2023

The emergence of public anxiety about the durability of foods containing preservatives or synthetic substances that are harmful to the human body is already very worrying. Some traders who understand the dangers of synthetic preservatives in food, prefer to use natural food preservatives. However, few traders also use formalin as a preservative in their food products, where formalin is commonly used to preserve corpses and kill germs. For this reason, a formalin content detection system has been developed as a synthetic preservative and tengkawang seed fat (Shorea.sp) as a natural preservative using filter paper as a test medium. The detection results that have been carried out obtained a tool accuracy of 96.25%. Spectrophotometric tests are performed to validate the designed tool. From the results of characterization using a spectrophotometer, the average ppm price is half times different from the ppm calculation results mathematically. This is because at the time of filtration, there are remnants of formalin content that are not carried into the filtrate. In addition, it was also obtained from the results of observations where wet noodles containing tengkawang seed fat (Shorea.sp) can last for 3 days at room temperature (25 ̊C).
Evaluating the Impact of Biocomposite Brick Materials on The OTTV and Diverse Thermal Characteristics of Rooms in Residential Buildings
Authors: Putra D A , Ichwania C , Utami A R I , Abdullah A H D , Suwandi  , Gunawan A N S
Published: December 2023

The development of biocomposite materials for building purposes, including their incorporation in bricks, has gained momentum. Bricks are extensively utilized in residential buildings in Indonesia, making their performance a critical factor. To ensure building performance meets certain standards, Indonesia adheres to SNI 6389:2011, which mandates compliance with the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) before construction commences. This study aims to examine the impact of using biocomposite bricks on the OTTV value. Additionally, it investigates the effects on various thermal properties of the room, such as humidity, air temperature, operative temperature, and Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), which serve as indicators for assessing thermal comfort. The findings demonstrate that the use of biocomposite bricks can reduce the OTTV value by approximately 7.9% - 10.2%. However, there is no significant alteration observed in the physical properties of the room when compared to conventional bricks. As a result, it can be inferred that the use of biocomposite bricks holds promise for further progress in enhancing energy efficiency and addressing environmental concerns.
Potential Development and Economic Analysis of Bioethanol Fabrication Design from Oil Palm Biomass with Ionic Liquid Choline Acetate Using SuperPro Designer (SPD) Software
Authors: Erawan F , Utami A R I , Sugiwati S , Maryana R , Mel M , Darus L
Published: December 2023

The increasing use of energy causes the availability of energy, especially in Indonesia, to be depleted. This condition encourages humans to develop renewable energy sources, one of which is bioethanol, with the availability of abundant raw materials in nature. However, the development of bioethanol is still ineffective because it requires a long time and has high costs. Therefore, a design for bioethanol fabrication from oil palm plantation products with ionic liquid pretreatment using SuperPro Designer (SPD) software was developed. The bioethanol production process was simulated through three stages: pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation. Pretreatment was carried out using the ionic liquid Choline Acetate, after which the results of saccharification and fermentation were analyzed. The results of saccharification showed that around 138 g/L of palm oil was converted into sugar for fermentation. The overall result of the simulation system is that the fermentation process for 12 hours produced 92 g/L ethanol or 96% of the theoretical yield. Meanwhile, ethanol production through fabrication for energy can reduce ethanol prices by 30% from their initial price. This ethanol fabrication design is very supportive of optimizing biomass into bioethanol. Therefore, this design can be used as a recommendation for economical bioethanol production to obtain optimal results in bioethanol production.
Simple Data Transfer Over Audio Using Smart Phones
Authors: Fade A R , Suprayogi  , Azmi F , Sutari W
Published: December 2023

The use of systems such as RFID, Barcode, NFC, etc. which are already widely used requires special tools which required additional costs and if only needed in low-level conditions it will be redundant. In addition, the need for internet on the system has problems in the form of data security. There is also the problem of the limitation of a very small distance to measure and even for use of RFID and NFC the device must be attached to work. So, the use of audio-based data transfer (DTOA) will be more efficient because it is enough to use a smartphone without having to add more devices and is suitable for low-cost usage. Also, use that can be done offline can provide solutions for better data security. In addition, the use of DTOA is based on wave audio which allows the system to be able to perform the system at a longer distance (indoors). For manufacturing, the sending smartphone tester will send a binary set which will be converted to audio and received by the receiving smartphone and the audio will be converted back into a binary set.
Spatial-temporal forest canopy density in Indonesia’s new capital city and its surrounding area
Authors: Adinugroho Wahyu Catur , Prasetyo Lilik Budi , Kusmana Cecep , Krisnawati Haruni
Published: December 2023

Monitoring the condition of the forest in Indonesia’s New Capital City, Nusantara (IKN), and the surrounding area as a buffer is crucial to realizing the Forest City concept. Forest canopy density can be used to understand and measure forest conditions using satellite imagery efficiently. The main objective of this study was to investigate the spatial-temporal dynamic alterations of forest canopy density across IKN and its buffer. Forest canopy density is based on Landsat 8 imagery for 2015-2020, processed in the cloud using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and compared using a hemispherical photograph and LiDAR. Google Earth Engine is powerful for creating forest canopy density maps, although Canopy density from Landsat 8 tends to be lower than hemispherical and Lidar, so a correction factor is needed. The correlation between forest canopy density and hemispherical photography can provide valuable insights into the structure and composition of a forest ecosystem. For land types covered with forest, consistently in 2015 and 2020, it dominates dense forest canopy density (>60%). The forest area in the IKN and its surroundings experienced a decrease in forest canopy density by logging. In contrast, some areas experienced increased forest canopy density representing disturbed forest growth.