bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological phase, spin Chern-Simons theory and level rank duality on lens space
Authors: Kubo Naotaka , Yokoyama Shuichi
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We study a method to compute a topological phase factor of partition function for pure Chern-Simons theory incorporating the supersymmetric localization. We develop a regularization preserving supersymmetry and the topological phase appears as a result of the supersymmetric regularization. Applying this method to pure Chern-Simons theory on lens space we compute the background dependent phase factor coming from the Chern-Simons term. We confirm that the partition function computed in this method enjoys a couple of level rank dualities including the one recently proposed in arXiv:1607.07457 for all ranks and levels within our numerical calculation. We also present a phase factor with which the lens space partition function exhibits the perfect match between any level rank dual pair including the total phase.
From β to η: a new cohomology for deformed Sasaki-Einstein manifolds
Authors: Tasker Edward Lødøen
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We discuss in detail the different analogues of Dolbeault cohomology groups on Sasaki-Einstein manifolds and prove a new vanishing result for the transverse Dolbeault cohomology groups $$ {H}_{\overline{\partial}}^{\left(p,0\right)}(k) $$

H

∂
¯

p
0

k

graded by their charge under the Reeb vector. We then introduce a new cohomology, η-cohomology, which is defined by a CR structure and a holomorphic function f with non-vanishing η ≡ df. It is the natural cohomology associated to a class of supersymmetric type IIB flux backgrounds that generalise the notion of a Sasaki-Einstein manifold. These geometries are dual to finite deformations of the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs described by conventional Sasaki-Einstein manifolds. As such, they are associated to Calabi-Yau algebras with a deformed superpotential. We show how to compute the η-cohomology in terms of the transverse Dolbeault cohomology of the undeformed Sasaki-Einstein space. The gauge-gravity correspondence implies a direct relation between the cyclic homologies of the Calabi-Yau algebra, or equivalently the counting of short multiplets in the deformed SCFT, and the η-cohomology groups. We verify that this relation is satisfied in the case of S5, and use it to predict the reduced cyclic homology groups in the case of deformations of regular Sasaki-Einstein spaces. The corresponding Calabi-Yau algebras describe non-commutative deformations of ℙ2, ℙ1× ℙ1 and the del Pezzo surfaces.
Q-curvature and path integral complexity
Authors: Camargo Hugo A. , Caputa Pawel , Nandy Pratik
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We discuss the interpretation of path integral optimization as a uniformization problem in even dimensions. This perspective allows for a systematical construction of the higher-dimensional path integral complexity in holographic conformal field theories in terms of Q-curvature actions. We explore the properties and consequences of these actions from the perspective of the optimization programme, tensor networks and penalty factors. Moreover, in the context of recently proposed holographic path integral optimization, we consider higher curvature contributions on the Hartle-Hawking bulk slice and study their impact on the optimization as well as their relation to Q-curvature actions and finite cut-off holography.
New tool for kinematic regime estimation in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering
Authors:   The Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) collaboration, Boglione M. , Diefenthaler M. , Dolan S. , Gamberg L. , Melnitchouk W. , Pitonyak D. , Prokudin A. , Sato N. , Scalyer Z.
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We introduce a new phenomenological tool based on momentum region indicators to guide the analysis and interpretation of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering measurements. The new tool, referred to as “affinity”, is devised to help visualize and quantify the proximity of any experimental kinematic bin to a particular hadron production region, such as that associated with transverse momentum dependent factorization. We apply the affinity estimator to existing HERMES and COMPASS data and expected data from Jefferson Lab and the future Electron-Ion Collider. We also provide an interactive notebook based on Machine Learning for fast evaluation of affinity.
The LPM effect in sequential bremsstrahlung: analytic results for sub-leading (single) logarithms
Authors: Arnold Peter , Gorda Tyler , Iqbal Shahin
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Consider the in-medium splitting g → gg of a very high-energy gluon traversing a QCD medium, accounting for the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. It has been known for some time that soft radiative corrections to that splitting generate a double-log correction to the splitting rate, whose effects can be absorbed into running of the medium parameter $$ \hat{q} $$

q
̂

describing the rate of transverse momentum kicks to high-energy particles due to small-angle scattering from the medium. Less has been known about sub-leading, single logarithms in this context. In this paper, we find analytic formulas for those single logs (with various caveats and clarifications).
AdS5 holography and higher-derivative supergravity
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , Hristov Kiril , Reys Valentin
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We study four-derivative corrections to 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 minimal gauged supergravity using tools from conformal supergravity. There are two supersymmetric invariants at the four-derivative order and we show explicitly how to write down the action in the Poincaré frame in terms of their coefficients. We apply our results in the context of holography where the four-derivative terms in the supergravity action translate into corrections to the conformal anomalies of the dual 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFT. We use these results to study corrections to the entropy of the supersymmetric black string solutions of minimal supergravity. We also discuss explicit embeddings of the 5d supergravity in string and M-theory and use them to fix the higher-derivative coefficients in terms of the microscopic parameters.
The supersymmetry breaking soft terms, and fermion masses and mixings in the supersymmetric Pati-Salam model from intersecting D6-branes
Authors: Sabir Mudassar , Li Tianjun , Mansha Adeel , Wang Xiao-Chuan
Published: April 2022

Abstract

A supersymmetric Pati-Salam model with wrapping number equal to 5 has been constructed in Type IIA orientifolds on T6/(ℤ2× ℤ2) with intersecting D6-branes recently. In particular, the string-scale gauge coupling unification can be achieved due to the intermediate-scale vector-like particles from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 sector. We calculate the supersymmetry breaking soft terms, and study the Standard Model (SM) fermion masses and mixings. There are nine pairs of Higgs doublets from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 sector. Interestingly, we can explain the SM quark masses and mixings, as well as the charged leptons masses from three point and four-point Yukawa interactions. Moreover, we calculate the supersymmetry breaking soft terms in a previous model with gauge coupling unification since we find a typo in the previous study.
Imaging characteristics of 4th ventricle subependymoma
Authors: Haider Ali S. , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Haider Maryam , Hatanpaa Kimmo J. , Pinho Marco C. , Mickey Bruce E. , Sawaya Raymond , Fuller Gregory N. , Schomer Donald F. , Gule-Monroe Maria
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Subependymomas located within the 4th ventricle are rare, and the literature describing imaging characteristics is sparse. Here, we describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of 29 patients with 4th ventricle subependymoma.

Methods

This is a retrospective multi-center study performed after Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Patients diagnosed with suspected 4th ventricle subependymoma were identified. A review of clinical, radiology, and pathology reports along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images was performed.

Results

Twenty-nine patients, including 6 females, were identified. Eighteen patients underwent surgery with histopathological confirmation of subependymoma. The median age at diagnosis was 52 years. Median tumor volume for the operative cohort was 9.87 cm3, while for the non-operative cohort, it was 0.96 cm3. Thirteen patients in the operative group exhibited symptoms at diagnosis. For the total cohort, the majority of subependymomas (n = 22) were isointense on T1, hyperintense (n = 22) on T2, and enhanced (n = 24). All tumors were located just below the body of the 4th ventricle, terminating near the level of the obex. Fourteen cases demonstrated extension of tumor into foramen of Magendie or Luschka.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest collection of 4th ventricular subependymomas with imaging findings reported to date. All patients in this cohort had tumors originating between the bottom of the body of the 4th ventricle and the obex. This uniform and specific site of origin aids with imaging diagnosis and may infer possible theories of origin.
Direct patterning of methylammonium lead bromide perovskites by thermal imprint
Authors: Mayer A. , Haeger T. , Runkel M. , Staabs J. , Rond J. , van gen Hassend F. , Görrn P. , Riedl T. , Scheer H.-C.
Published: April 2022

Promising new materials like solution-processable perovskites may provide devices with superior properties, e.g. for opto-electronics. For some applications patterning is required and nanoimprint as a solvent-free, mechanical shaping process has been identified to be particularly favorable for this purpose. The current investigation refers to the organic–inorganic perovskite methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) and is related to direct imprint under pressure and temperature. Experiments with a single crystal and polycrystalline layers of differing grain size indicate that a large-grained starting layer offers optimum pre-conditions for the replication of micro/nano-structures. The aim of the present study is to develop a physical understanding of the shaping process with this polycrystalline material. To develop such a conception, analogies between the imprint of polycrystalline perovskites and the imprint of thermoplastic polymers are sought, and the consequences resulting from the differences in the microscopic material response are worked out. The main aspect with perovskites is that plastic deformation occurs due to gliding on crystallographic glide planes, similar to the case of metals. With a < 100 > -oriented perovskite layer the imprint pressure activates a (110) < 110 > -type glide system, providing material transport at 45° with respect to the surface normal. The consequences of this preferential direction are investigated by analyzing experiments with partial and complete filling of the cavities of the stamp used for imprint. By considering the geometric correlations during the initial imprint phase the experimental results can be understood. Beyond that, it turns out that under specific conditions the size and the shape of the grains can be controlled by the imprinted pattern. This ‘grain shaping by patterning’ provides unexpected, innovative prospects for the nanoimprint of perovskite layers.
Childhood cardiovascular morphology and function following abnormal fetal growth
Authors: Olander Rasmus F. W. , Litwin Linda , Sundholm Johnny K. M. , Sarkola Taisto
Published: April 2022

Studies examining the link between abnormal fetal growth and cardiac changes in childhood have presented conflicting results. We studied the effect of abnormal fetal growth on cardiac morphology and function during childhood, while controlling for body size, composition and postnatal factors. We report on the follow-up of 90 children (median age 5.81 years, IQR 5.67; 5.95) born appropriate for gestational age (AGA, N = 48), small for gestational age (SGA, N = 23), or large for gestational age (LGA, N = 19); SGA and LGA defined as birth weight Z-score < − 2 and >  + 2, respectively. We examined the heart using echocardiography, including Doppler and strain imaging, in relation to anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, physical activity, and diet. Although groupwise differences in body size decreased during the first year after birth, LGA remained larger at follow-up, with higher lean body mass and BMI, while SGA were smaller. Slight changes in left ventricular diastolic function were present in SGA and LGA, with SGA showing increased mitral diastolic E- and A-wave peak flow velocities, and increased septal E/E′ ratio, and LGA showing larger left atrial volume adjusted for sex and lean body mass. In univariate analyses, lean body mass at follow-up was the strongest predictor of cardiac morphology. We found no groupwise differences at follow-up for ventricular sphericity, cardiac morphology adjusted for lean body mass and sex, or blood pressure, diet, or physical activity. Cardiac morphology is predicted by lean body mass during childhood, even in the setting of abnormal fetal growth. Our results are consistent with a limited effect of fetal programming on cardiac dimensions during childhood. Minor changes in diastolic function are present in both SGA and LGA children, however, the clinical significance of these changes at this stage is likely small.
Verantwortungsdiffusion und institutionelle Missstände in Krankenanstalten
Authors: Hofer Herwig Peter
Published: April 2022

Bei aller Funktionalität bestehen im Krankenhaussystem als störende Auswirkungen von Gesundheitspolitik und -ökonomie moralisch problembesetzte, institutionelle Missstände, wie z. B. Ressourcenknappheit, Fehlversorgung, Überverrechtlichung und Überbürokratisierung. Letztere stellen die anwendungsorientierte Ethik vor Herausforderungen, welche die ärztliche Standesethik allein nicht behandeln kann. Speziell auf solche Probleme bezogen, erlangt das Potenzial der Geisteswissenschaften gegenwärtig vermehrtes Interesse. Die Gedanken der Philosophin Hannah Arendt können gerade in Krisenbedingungen einen wesentlichen Beitrag dazu leisten, da die Denkerin grundlegende Probleme der Moderne benennt und mit aktuellem Bezug diskutiert. Arendt prägte einst, im Rahmen des historischen Kontextes des NS-Regimes, die These von der „Banalität des Bösen“ und damit zusammenhängende Begriffe und Feststellungen. Ihre zentralen Aussagen – mit dem Ziel, Missstände und Übel zu dechiffrieren – sind gegenwärtig hochaktuell, weil sie gewisse, in Institutionen zu findende, allgemeine menschliche Verhaltensweisen und Eigenschaften, wie z. B. Unreflektiertheit, bürokratisch-rechtliche Dienstbeflissenheit, kleinteilig-akribische Regelkonformität, Indifferenz, Mitleidlosigkeit und das Abschieben von Problemen thematisieren. Die Analyse auf systemischer, als auch auf der Ebene der Akteure zeigt, dass sich teilweise einige Arendtsche Feststellungen in den Missständen gegenwärtiger Krankenhausstrukturen wiederfinden lassen. In Anlehnung an Arendt wurde konsequenterweise der Begriff der „Banalität eines Missstandes“ etabliert. Weiterführend kann dadurch ein medizin-ethisch relevantes Problem benannt, bewusstgemacht und konturiert werden, um diesen Entwicklungen entgegenzusteuern.
Making universal digital access universal: lessons from COVID-19 in Singapore
Authors: Ng Irene Y. H. , Lim Sun Sun , Pang Natalie
Published: April 2022

Digital resources—which include devices, internet connection and digital literacy—have become basic needs. Thus with the global COVID-19 pandemic having accelerated digitalization, the urgency for universal digital inclusion has hastened. Otherwise, digital inequality will lead to social inequality and impede social mobility. Using Singapore as a case study, this article applies the insights learned from a participatory action research to recommend a policy framework for universal digital access, with practical humanistic steps towards full digital inclusion. Singapore is a digitally advanced nation with almost universal digital availability, yet when COVID-19 forced rapid digital adoption, gaps in access by vulnerable groups such as low-income households, elderly and migrant workers were found. From the learning points on gaps and measures taken by community groups, volunteers and policy-makers in our research, we recommend making access to all three digital resources automatic and affordable, with an undergirding principle to implement technology among the most digitally excluded first before national roll out. A public-community-corporate funding and partnership model is also proposed to sustain universal provision.
Changes in socioeconomic differentials in old age life expectancy in four Nordic countries: the impact of educational expansion and education-specific mortality
Authors: Enroth Linda , Jasilionis Domantas , Németh Laszlo , Strand Bjørn Heine , Tanjung Insani , Sundberg Louise , Fors Stefan , Jylhä Marja , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik
Published: April 2022

Overall progress in life expectancy (LE) depends increasingly on survival in older ages. The birth cohorts now reaching old age have experienced considerable educational expansion, which is a driving force for the social change and social inequality. Thus, this study examines changes in old age LE by educational attainment in the Nordic countries and aims to find out to what extent the change in national LEs is attributable to education-specific mortality and the shifting educational composition. We used national register data comprising total 65 + populations in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden to create period life tables stratified by five-year age groups (65–90 +), sex and educational attainment. Difference in LE between 2001 and 2015 was decomposed into the contributions of mortality changes within each educational group and changes in educational composition. Increasing LE at all ages and in all educational groups coincided with persistent and growing educational inequalities in all countries. Most of the gains in LE at age 65 could be attributed to decreased mortality (63–90%), especially among those with low education, the largest educational group in most countries. The proportion of the increase in LE attributable to improved education was 10–37%, with the highest contributions recorded for women in Norway and Sweden. The rising educational levels in the Nordic countries still carry potential for further gains in national LEs. However, the educational expansion has contributed to uneven gains in LE between education groups, which poses a risk for the future increase of inequalities in LE.
Health system reforms and the needs of the ageing population—an analysis of recent policy paths and reform trends in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Tynkkynen Liina-Kaisa , Pulkki Jutta , Tervonen-Gonçalves Leena , Schön Pär , Burström Bo , Keskimäki Ilmo
Published: April 2022

Population ageing with an increasing number of people experiencing complex health and social care needs challenges health systems. We explore whether andhow health system reforms and policy measures adopted during the past two decades in Finland and Sweden reflect and address the needs of the older people. We discuss health system characteristics that are important to meet the care needs of older people and analyse how health policy agendas have highlighted these aspects in Finland and Sweden. The analysis is based on “most similar cases”. The two countries have rather similar health systems and are facing similar challenges. However, the policy paths to address these challenges are different. The Swedish health system is better resourced, and the affordability of care better ensured, but choice and market-oriented competition reforms do not address the needs of the people with complex health and social care needs, rather it has led to increased fragmentation. In Finland, the level of public funding is lower which may have negative impacts on people who need multiple services. However, in terms of integration and care coordination, Finland seems to follow a path which may pave the way for improved coordination of care for people with multiple care needs. Intensified monitoring and analysis of patterns of health care utilization among older people are warranted in both countries to ensure that care is provided equitably.
Diverse Organizational Adoption of Institutions in the Field of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Jastram Sarah Margaretha , Otto Alkis Henri , Minulla Tatjana
Published: April 2022

In the current literature, institutional adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) governance standards is mainly understood in a binary sense (adoption versus no adoption), and existing research has hitherto focused on inducements as well as on barriers of related organizational change. However, little is known about often invisible internal adoption patterns relating to institutional entrepreneurship in the field of CSR. At the same time, additional information about these processes is relevant in order to systematically assess the outcomes of institutional entrepreneurship and to differentiate between substantive versus symbolic implementation. In this paper, we contribute a comparative intraorganizational differentiation of institutional adoption processes in the field of CSR, and we distinguish between broad and narrow organizational institutional adoption across different management functions relating to institutions of a similar type. Our study is based on a quantitative survey among members of the United Nations Global Compact Network Germany, as well as on qualitative interviews. We analyze different institutional adoption patterns and derive ten theoretical predictors of diverse institutional adoption choices and thereby inform the literatures on institutional entrepreneurship, CSR governance, and Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives. Besides our theoretical contributions, our findings serve as a source of information for practitioners engaged in CSR governance as they provide new insights into the managerial perception and assessment of different CSR standards and initiatives.
Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling: finding novel components off the beaten track
Authors: Wong Aloysius , Bi Chuyun , Pasqualini Stefania , Gehring Chris
Published: April 2022

The sesquiterpene abscisic acid (ABA) is an ancient stress response molecule. In plants, many ABA-dependent processes operate via PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor complexes, but results from several studies have suggested that not all plant responses function through this mechanism. Since the ABA-dependent processes of animals and humans also operate in the absence of such receptors, we hypothesize that plant and animal proteomes harbour proteins with undiscovered ABA-binding sites. We propose that carefully curated amino acid search motifs deduced from the binding sites of experimentally confirmed ABA-binding proteins can identify many more candidates in plant and animal proteomes. Some of these candidates show structural folds that are compatible with ABA-binding. This approach identifies plant candidates including annotated ABA downstream signaling components SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.6, and proteins involved in protein folding and RNA polyadenylation. The identified ABA-binding candidates in the human proteome affect among other processes, immune responses and tumor progression. If these candidates are eventually validated experimentally, it will imply that the regulation and tuning of ABA-dependent processes is considerably more complex than hitherto suspected. It will also help to clarify the role of this conserved signaling molecule in mammals.
Conditionally Exponential Prior in Focal Near- and Far-Field EEG Source Localization via Randomized Multiresolution Scanning (RAMUS)
Authors: Lahtinen Joonas , Koulouri Alexandra , Rezaei Atena , Pursiainen Sampsa
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we focus on the inverse problem of reconstructing distributional brain activity with cortical and weakly detectable deep components in non-invasive Electroencephalography. We consider a recently introduced hybrid reconstruction strategy combining a hierarchical Bayesian model to incorporatea prioriinformation and the advanced randomized multiresolution scanning (RAMUS) source space decomposition approach to reduce modelling errors, respectively. In particular, we aim to generalize the previously extensively used conditionally Gaussian prior (CGP) formalism to achieve distributional reconstructions with higher focality. For this purpose, we introduce as a hierarchical prior, a general exponential distribution, which we refer to as conditionally exponential prior (CEP). The first-degree CEP corresponds to focality enforcing Laplace prior, but it also suffers from strong depth bias, when applied in numerical modelling, making the deep activity unrecoverable. We sample over multiple resolution levels via RAMUS to reduce this bias as it is known to depend on the resolution of the source space. Moreover, we introduce a procedure based on the physiologicala prioriknowledge of the brain activity to obtain the shape and scale parameters of the gamma hyperprior that steer the CEP. The posterior estimates are calculated using iterative statistical methods, expectation maximization and iterative alternating sequential algorithm, which we show to be algorithmically similar and to have a close resemblance to the iterative$$\ell _1$$ℓ1and$$\ell _2$$ℓ2reweighting methods. The performance of CEP is compared with the recent sampling-based dipole localization methodSequential semi-analytic Monte Carlo estimation(SESAME) in numerical experiments of simulated somatosensory evoked potentials related to the human median nerve stimulation. Our results obtained using synthetic sources suggest that a hybrid of the first-degree CEP and RAMUS can achieve an accuracy comparable to the second-degree case (CGP) while being more focal. Further, the proposed hybrid is shown to be robust to noise effects and compares well with the dipole reconstructions obtained with SESAME.
Accuracy of calculating mechanical power of ventilation by one commonly used equation
Authors: Wu Shin-Hwar , Kor Chew-Teng , Mao I.-Chieh , Chiu Chun-Ching , Lin Kai-Huang , Kuo Cheng-Deng
Published: April 2022

Gattinoni’s equation, $${\text{MP}}_{{{\text{rs}}}} \, = \,0.098\, \times \,{\text{RR}}\, \times \,\left[ {{\text{V}}_{T} ^{2} \left( {\frac{1}{2}{\text{E}}_{{{\text{rs}}}} \, + \,{\text{RR}}\, \times \,\frac{{1\, + \,I:E}}{{60\, \times \,I:E}}\, \times \,{\text{R}}_{{{\text{aw}}}} } \right)\, + \,{\text{V}}_{{\text{T}}} \, \times \,{\text{PEEP}}} \right]$$

MP
rs

=

0.098

×

RR

×

V

T

2

1
2

E
rs

+

RR

×

1

+

I
:
E

60

×

I
:
E

×

R
aw

+

V
T

×

PEEP

, now commonly used to calculate the mechanical power (MP) of ventilation. However, it calculates only inspiratory MP. In addition, the inclusion of PEEP in Gattinoni’s equation raises debate because PEEP does not produce net displacement or contribute to MP. Measuring the area within the pressure–volume loop accurately reflects the MP received in a whole ventilation cycle and the MP thus obtained is not influenced by PEEP. The MP of 25 invasively ventilated patients were calculated by Gattinoni’s equation and measured by integration of the areas within the pressure–volume loops of the ventilation cycles. The MP obtained from both methods were compared. The effects of PEEPs on MP were also evaluated. We found that the MP obtained from both methods were correlated by R2 = 0.75 and 0.66 at PEEP 5 and 10 cmH2O, respectively. The biases of the two methods were 3.13 (2.03 to 4.23) J/min (P < 0.0001) and − 1.23 (− 2.22 to − 0.24) J/min (P = 0.02) at PEEP 5 and 10 cmH2O, respectively. These P values suggested that both methods were significantly incongruent. When the tidal volume used was 6 ml/Kg, the MP by Gattinoni’s equation at PEEP 5 and 10 cmH2O were significantly different (4.51 vs 7.21 J/min, P < 0.001), but the MP by PV loop area was not influenced by PEEPs (6.46 vs 6.47 J/min, P = 0.331). Similar results were observed across all tidal volumes. We conclude that the Gattinoni’s equation is not accurate in calculating the MP of a whole ventilatory cycle and is significantly influenced by PEEP, which theoretically does not contribute to MP.
Stuck in experimentation: exploring practical experiences and challenges of using floating housing to climate-proof waterfront urban development in Sweden
Authors: Storbjörk Sofie , Hjerpe Mattias
Published: April 2022

With climate change already underway, cities are looking for ways to deal with its effects. To balance urban waterfront development and climate adaptation, floating housing is presented as a promising solution—however it has not been studied sufficiently. This paper explores floating housing as urban climate experimentation, targeting vision/motivation, practice and upscaling in a national context where support mechanisms and traditions are absent. Interviews with innovation entrepreneurs and municipal planners involved with planning and building floating districts show that, with one exception, the Swedish initiatives are at odds with the theoretical assumptions behind urban climate experimentation. Initiatives are neither challenge-led in terms of climate risk nor inclusive and community-based. Rather, the small-scale private entrepreneurs are pioneers in offering unique living on water as one-off innovations. While allowing experimentation, municipal planners are less convinced by the effectiveness and appropriateness of upscaling. Floating housing may contribute to local identity building and place marketing, but are riddled with implementation challenges regarding shoreline protection, privatization/accessibility, limited market interest and urban development fit. While the floating houses themselves withstand flooding, thus safeguarding individual house owners, they do not protect the land-based city with its vulnerable waterfront development patterns. Results thus suggest the limitation of floating houses in shifting development pathways and strengthening urban climate proofing.
Lyapunov Spectrum Properties and Continuity of the Lower Joint Spectral Radius
Authors: Mohammadpour Reza
Published: April 2022

In this paper we study ergodic optimization and multifractal behavior of Lyapunov exponents for matrix cocycles. We show that the restricted variational principle holds for generic cocycles [in the sense of (Bonatti and Viana in Ergod Theory Dyn Syst 24(5):1295–1330, 2004)] over mixing subshifts of finite type. We also show that the Lyapunov spectrum is equal to the closure of the set where the entropy spectrum is positive for such cocycles. Moreover, we show the continuity of the entropy spectrum at boundary of Lyapunov spectrum in the sense that $$h_{top}(E(\alpha _{t}))\ \rightarrow h_{top}(E(\beta ({\mathcal {A}}))$$

h

top

(
E

(

α
t

)

)

→

h

top

(
E

(
β

(
A
)

)

, where $$E(\alpha )=\{x\in X: \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\frac{1}{n}\log \Vert {\mathcal {A}}^{n}(x)\Vert =\alpha \}$$

E

(
α
)

=
{
x
∈
X
:

lim

n
→
∞

1
n

log
‖

A

n

(
x
)

‖
=
α
}

, for such cocycles. We prove the continuity of the lower joint spectral radius for linear cocycles under the assumption that linear cocycles satisfy a cone condition.
Zeros of Gaussian Weyl–Heisenberg Functions and Hyperuniformity of Charge
Authors: Haimi Antti , Koliander Günther , Romero José Luis
Published: April 2022

We study Gaussian random functions on the complex plane whose stochastics are invariant under the Weyl–Heisenberg group (twisted stationarity). The theory is modeled on translation invariant Gaussian entire functions, but allows for non-analytic examples, in which case winding numbers can be either positive or negative. We calculate the first intensity of zero sets of such functions, both when considered as points on the plane, or as charges according to their phase winding. In the latter case, charges are shown to be in a certain average equilibrium independently of the particular covariance structure (universal screening). We investigate the corresponding fluctuations, and show that in many cases they are suppressed at large scales (hyperuniformity). This means that universal screening is empirically observable at large scales. We also derive an asymptotic expression for the charge variance. As a main application, we obtain statistics for the zero sets of the short-time Fourier transform of complex white noise with general windows, and also prove the following uncertainty principle: the expected number of zeros per unit area is minimized, among all window functions, exactly by generalized Gaussians. Further applications include poly-entire functions such as covariant derivatives of Gaussian entire functions.
What does causality have to do with necessity?
Authors: Steward Helen
Published: April 2022

In her ‘Causality and Determination’, Anscombe argues for the strong thesis that despite centuries of philosophical assumption to the contrary, the supposition that causality and necessity have something essential to do with one another is baseless. In this paper, I assess Anscombe’s arguments and endorse her conclusion. I then attempt to argue that her arguments remain highly relevant today, despite the fact that most popular general views of causation today are firmly probabilistic in orientation and thus show no trace of the assumptions Anscombe hoped to undermine. My suggestion is that Anscombe's interests in causality are distinct from those which mostly animate the modern debate about the general nature of causality and that in those specialized areas of philosophy in which those concerns still dominate, one can still see the effects of the fallacies and confusions to which she alerts us. I conclude by offering two possible complementary explanations of the tendency to suppose that causation is a variety of necessitation.
Anti-exceptionalism about logic as tradition rejection
Authors: Martin Ben , Hjortland Ole Thomassen
Published: April 2022

While anti-exceptionalism about logic (AEL) is now a popular topic within the philosophy of logic, there’s still a lack of clarity over what the proposal amounts to. currently, it is most common to conceive of AEL as the proposal that logic iscontinuous with the sciences. Yet, as we show here, this conception of AEL is unhelpful due to both its lack of precision, and its distortion of the current debates. Rather, AEL is better understood as therejection of certain traditional propertiesof logic. The picture that results is not of one singular position, but rather a cluster of often connected positions with distinct motivations, understood in terms of their rejection of clusters of the various traditional properties. In order to show the fruitfulness of this new conception of AEL, we distinguish between two prominent versions of the position,metaphysicalandepistemologicalAEL, and show how the two positions need not stand or fall together.
Natural kinds, mind-independence, and unification principles
Authors: Tahko Tuomas E.
Published: April 2022

There have been many attempts to determine what makes a natural kind real, chief among them is the criterion according to which natural kinds must bemind-independent. But it is difficult to specify this criterion: many supposed natural kinds have an element of mind-dependence.I will argue that the mind-independence criterion is nevertheless a good one, if correctly understood: the mind-independence criterion concerns theunification principlesfor natural kinds. Unification principles determine how natural kinds unify their properties, and only those natural kinds that have a mind-independent unification principle should be considered real.
There is overlap in letters: a mereological definition of word types
Authors: Carrara Massimiliano , Smid Jeroen
Published: April 2022

Classical mereology seems unable to characterise the identity conditions of word types. For example, the same letter types ordered differently result in different word types; but mereological fusions of the same letters are identical, regardless of the order of the letters. We show, however, that by combining classical mereology with plural logic one can give a definition of word types that satisfies the identity criteria of word types. This means that it is not necessary to abandon classical mereology in order to give an analysis of the mereological structure of word types.
Contour Method with Uncertainty Quantification: A Robust and Optimised Framework via Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Tognan A. , Laurenti L. , Salvati E.
Published: April 2022

Background

Over the past 20 years, the Contour Method (CM) has been extensively implemented to evaluate residual stress at the macro scale, especially in products where material processing is involved. Despite this, insufficient attention has been devoted to addressing the problems of input data filtering and residual stress uncertainties quantification.

Objective

The present research aims to tackle this fundamental issue by combining Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) with the CM. Thanks to its stochastic nature, GPR associates a Gaussian distribution with every subset of data, thus holding the potential to model the inherent uncertainty of the input data set and to link it to the measurements and the surface roughness.

Methods

The conventional and unrobust spline smoothing process is effectively replaced by the GPR which is capable of providing uncertainties over the fitting. Indeed, the GPR stochastically and automatically identifies the fitting parameter, thus making the experimental data post-processing practically unaffected by the user’s experience. Moreover, the final residual stress uncertainty is efficiently evaluated through an optimised Monte Carlo Finite Element simulation, by appropriately perturbing the input dataset according to the GPR predictions.

Results

The simulation is globally optimised exploiting numerical techniques, such as LU-factorisation, and developing an on-line convergence criterion. In order to show the capability of the presented approach, a Friction Stir Welded plate is considered as a case study. For this problem, it was shown how residual stress and its uncertainty can be accurately evaluated in approximately 15 minutes using a low-budget personal computer.

Conclusions

The method developed herein overcomes the key limitation of the standard spline smoothing approach and this provides a robust and optimised computational framework for routinely evaluating the residual stress and its associated uncertainty. The implications are very significant as the evaluation accuracy of the CM is now taken to a higher level.
SGLT2 inhibition attenuates arterial dysfunction and decreases vascular F-actin content and expression of proteins associated with oxidative stress in aged mice
Authors: Soares Rogerio N. , Ramirez-Perez Francisco I. , Cabral-Amador Francisco J. , Morales-Quinones Mariana , Foote Christopher A. , Ghiarone Thaysa , Sharma Neekun , Power Gavin , Smith James A. , Rector R. Scott , Martinez-Lemus Luis A. , Padilla Jaume , Manrique-Acevedo Camila
Published: April 2022

Aging of the vasculature is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening, two key events in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Treatment with sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors is now known to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes. However, whether SGLT2 inhibition attenuates vascular aging is unknown. We first confirmed in a cohort of adult subjects that aging is associated with impaired endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness and that these two variables are inversely correlated. Next, we investigated whether SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin (Empa) ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and reduces arterial stiffness in aged mice with confirmed vascular dysfunction. Specifically, we assessed mesenteric artery endothelial function and stiffness (via flow-mediated dilation and pressure myography mechanical responses, respectively) and aortic stiffness (in vivo via pulse wave velocity and ex vivo via atomic force microscopy) in Empa-treated (14 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) and control 80-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice. We report that Empa-treated mice exhibited improved mesenteric endothelial function compared with control, in parallel with reduced mesenteric artery and aortic stiffness. Additionally, Empa-treated mice had greater vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, lower phosphorylated cofilin, and filamentous actin content, with downregulation of pathways involved in production of reactive oxygen species. Our findings demonstrate that Empa improves endothelial function and reduces arterial stiffness in a preclinical model of aging, making SGLT2 inhibition a potential therapeutic alternative to reduce the progression of CVD in older individuals.

Graphical abstract
Comparative Studies on The Efficiency of Neem Leaves Azadirachta indica and Flubendazole Treatment Against Diplectanum in Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax
Authors: Aly Salah M. , Abou El-gheit Sayed N. , Essam El-Din Habiba M.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Diplectanum is a life-threatening metazoan infecting the gills of Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax causing a wide-ranging extensive economic loss in the aquaculture sector. This study has focused on verifying the most effective non-toxic dose of the Neem (Azadirachta indica) and (flubendazole) bath treatment on infested D. labrax fingerlings.

Methods

In the first phase of the experiment, a total of 180 apparently healthy fingerlings were subdivided into six groups for each treatment. The tested concentrations were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg L−1 for A. indica and 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg L−1 for flubendazole. The second phase was conducted for one week in five groups for each treatment. The first group was untreated healthy. The remaining groups were infested and received different concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg L−1 & 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg L−1 for A. indica and flubendazole, respectively.

Results

The most toxic dose exhibited high mortality rates at 200 & 250 and 40 & 50 mg L−1 for A. indica and flubendazole, respectively. In the second phase of the experiment, the most effective dose was 150 and 30 mg L−1; for A. indica and flubendazole, respectively. They demonstrated the lowest mortality rates 20.00 & 20.00 %, prevalence rates 43.33 & 23.33%, and mean parasitic intensities were 2.35 & 2.00 accompanied by the highest therapeutic efficacy value 67.85 & 74.6% for both treatments; respectively.

Conclusion

The most effective anthelmintic efficacy has been assigned for flubendazole and A. indica at 30 and 150 mg L−1.
Robotic CME in obese patients: advantage of robotic ultrasound scan for vascular dissection
Authors: Maertens Vicky , Stefan Samuel , Mykoniatis Ioannis , Siddiqi Najaf , David Gerald , Khan Jim S.
Published: April 2022

Complete mesocolic excision (CME) in right-sided colon cancers appears to confer oncological benefits compared to conventional colectomy. Identification of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) remains challenging. We describe the novel use of intra-operative robotic ultrasound scan (rUSS) in obese patients (BMI ≥ 29). All consecutive patients having robotic CME for colon cancer between 2014 and 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data were recorded on an ethics approved prospective database and included patient demographics, clinical and oncological outcomes. Patients were divided into group 1 (BMI ≤ 28) and group 2 (BMI ≥ 29). SMV first approach was employed in all cases and SMV detection was aided using rUSS in group 2. Primary outcome was postoperative morbidity. Secondary outcomes included conversion rate, operative time and length of stay (LOS). 41 (group 1, median 66 years) were compared to 32 patients (group 2, median 63 years). There were no conversions to laparoscopy or laparotomy. Median operative times for group 2 were 30 min longer (186 vs. 216 min, p = 0.05). Overall morbidity was similar (20% vs. 19% in group 1 and 2, p = 0.26). There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to LOS (median 7 vs. 6 days, p = 0.48), readmissions (2 vs. 5, p = 0.13), R0 resection rate (98% vs. 94%, p = 0.43) and lymph node harvest (median 31 vs. 30, p = 0.28).CME can be technically more challenging than conventional colectomy in obese patients and is associated with longer operative times. The use of rUSS in obese patients can help to identify SMV and allow safer dissection.
Nanoindentation of Supercrystalline Nanocomposites: Linear Relationship Between Elastic Modulus and Hardness
Authors: Yan Cong , Bor Büsra , Plunkett Alexander , Domènech Berta , Schneider Gerold A. , Giuntini Diletta
Published: April 2022

Supercrystalline nanocomposites (SCNCs) are a new category of nanostructured materials, with organically functionalized nanoparticles assembled into periodic structures, reminiscent of atomic crystals. Thanks to this nanoarchitecture, SCNCs show great promise for functional applications, and understanding and controlling their mechanical properties becomes key. Nanoindentation is a powerful tool to assess the mechanical behavior of virtually any material, and it is particularly suitable for studies on nanostructured materials. While investigating SCNCs in nanoindentation, a linear proportionality has emerged between elastic modulus and hardness. This is not uncommon in nanoindentation studies, and here we compare and contrast the behavior of SCNCs with that of other material categories that share some of the key features of SCNCs: mineral-rich biocomposites (where mineral building blocks are packed into a protein-interfaced network), ultrafine grained materials (where the characteristic nano-grain sizes are analogous to those of the SCNC building blocks), and face-centered cubic atomic crystals (which share the typical SCNC periodic structure). A strong analogy emerges with biomaterials, both in terms of the hardness/elastic modulus relationship, and of the correlation between this ratio and the dissipative mechanisms occurring upon material deformation. Insights into the suitability of SCNCs as building blocks of the next-generation hierarchical materials are drawn.
Bradley’s Relation Regress and the Inadequacy of the Relata-Specific Answer
Authors: Hakkarainen Jani , Keinänen Markku
Published: April 2022

F. H. Bradley’s relation regress poses a difficult problem for metaphysics of relations. In this paper, we reconstruct this regress argument systematically and make its presuppositions explicit in order to see where the possibility of its solution or resolution lies. We show that it cannot be answered by claiming that it is not vicious. Neither is one of the most promising resolutions, the relata-specific answer adequate in its present form. It attempts to explain adherence (relating), which is a crucial component of the explanandum of Bradley’s relation regress, in terms of specific adherence of a relational trope to its relata. Nevertheless, since we do not know the consequences and constituents of a trope adhering to its specific relata, it remains unclear what specific adherence is. It is left as a constitutively inexplicable primitive. The relata-specific answer only asserts against Bradley. This negative conclusion highlights the need for a metaphysical account of the constitution of  the holding of adherence.