bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Talking with JIMMY: using electronic publications in higher education
Authors: McMurdo George , Moncrieff John , Taylor Allan
Published: January 2008

Electronic publishing (EP) is taken to mean the collection, storage, manipulation and distribution of information held in electronic form, and consumed via a computer VDU screen. EP and computer‐mediated communication (CMC) systems are potentially powerful educational tools offering advantages like amplifying teacher and student input, encouraging a resource‐based, transactional approach to learning, providing experience of computer‐supported cooperative working (CSCW), and enhancing students' feedback and self‐monitoring. ‘JIMMY’, an electronic publishing and communication environment on a Vax minicomputer at Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh, and its use by arts, business and health care students and staff, is described. Work in progress includes providing remote access from clinical placement sites and evaluating the use of CMC for information management education.
A comparison of the coverage of clinical medicine provided by BIOSIS Previews and Medline
Authors: Brandsma R. , Deurenberg‐Vos H.W.J. , Bakker S. , Brand‐de Heer D.L. , Often R.H.J. , Pinatsis A.
Published: January 2008

A comparison of the coverage provided by BIOSIS Previews (BP) and Medline databases was carried out by VOGIN, a group of professional searchers based in The Netherlands. The area chosen was clinical medicine, and the group looked at problems requiring diagnosis and treatment. The data provided by this study show that while it is more economical to use Medline, BP provides a greater degree of completeness and often provides an unexpectedly large amount of new information. A strong point of BP is its coverage of abstracts of books and meetings, which are either not provided or difficult to find in Medline.
Prospects for intelligent, language‐based information retrieval
Authors: Smeaton Alan F.
Published: January 2008

Current approaches to text retrieval based on indexing by words or index terms and on retrieving by specifying a Boolean combination of keywords are well known, as are their limitations. Statistical approaches to retrieval, as exemplified in commercial products like STATUS/IQ and Personal Librarian, are slightly better but still have their own weaknesses. Approaches to the indexing and retrieval of text based on techniques of automatic natural language processing (NLP) may soon start to realise their undoubted potential in terms of improving the quality and effectiveness of information retrieval. In this article we will explore what that potential is. We will divide information retrieval functionality into conceptual and traditional information retrieval and we will examine some of the current attempts at using various NLP techniques in both the indexing and retrieval operations.
HOW DOES DIALOG'S TARGET WORK?
Authors: Keen E. Michael
Published: January 2008

This article reports an attempt to understand how a new non‐Boolean ranked output online search facility works. In December 1993, Data‐Star Dialog released a relevance ranking tool known as TARGET (Dialog 1993b). There is considerable research activity into text retrieval using ranking methods, as instanced by the TREC experiments (Harman 1993), and professional online searchers may wish to know exactly what the ranking algorithm does in order to be able to exploit the facility to best advantage. Though it has not been possible to ‘crack’ the algorithm to the level of calculating its match to the nearest per cent, it is possible to see three or four factors at work in the way TARGET produces items ranked in decreasing order of match with a query. It is emphasised that the analysis presented here is based only on records from one bibliographic database. A more extensive and comparative study of bibliographic and full‐text databases would be needed to provide universal and definitive findings.
THE FUTURE OF RESEARCH COMMUNICATION
Authors: Meadows Jack
Published: January 2008

One of the looming questions for researchers is — how will we be communicating about our research by the end of the century? Forecasting is always a dangerous activity. The rule‐of‐thumb is either to cover a very short period (in which case you can hardly go wrong), or a very long period (in which case everybody will have forgotten the predictions long before their sell‐by date). A period extending into the early years of the next century seems to fall unhappily between these two preferred targets but it actually has one advantage, as I discovered some years ago. At the end of the 1970s I wrote a brief study of how information technology might affect the communication of research during the 1980s. One of the rationales for covering a decade was that typically it takes 5–10 years for a major new development to move from being a minority concern to engaging the interest of a large fraction of the relevant audience. (Television, for example, required some ten years to take off properly in both the USA and the UK.) So a ten‐year span should make it possible to spot some of the winners, though not necessarily how they will be used.
THE USE OF ONLINE AND CDROM DATABASES IN SPANISH UNIVERSITY CENTRALISED BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICES
Authors: Moscoso Purification , Tomás Nogales J. , Caridad Mercedes
Published: January 2008

Up until the late eighties, there were few information systems in Spanish universities that offered the user online access to databases. Reasons for this were the high cost of the telecommunications and the lack of a sufficiently developed infrastructure. In some cases, the personnel in charge of these systems and, above all, potential users were not acquainted with the services of companies like Red INCA, about which more will be mentioned later.
CDROM — WHAT IS ITS FUTURE IN AFRICA?
Authors: arap Tanui Tirong
Published: January 2008

CDROM technology, though inherently part and parcel of computer technology, is considered separately in regard to library/information automation in African libraries. Library automation is a much more complex and expensive affair while the use of CDROM is a fairly straightforward computer application to a library environment, hence its popularity in many types of African libraries. CDROM can be regarded as the fastest growing information technology (IT) in African libraries today, but what is its future there?
AUTOMATED SDI SERVICE USING CDROM DATABASES
Authors: Krishnananda Herala M. , Sreenivasa Ravi A. , Rajashekar T.B.
Published: January 2008

Bibliographic databases on CDROM, although being updated less frequently than their online counterparts, can be used for providing an in‐house SDI (selective dissemination of information) service as it can be cheaper than the alternatives available from online database services. In a developing country like India, where setting up CDROM networks for end‐user access is beyond the budgets of most of the libraries/information centres, SDI through CDROM databases is an effective alternative. Even in a networked environment, this type of information filtering and delivery may be preferable, as the end‐users may not have the motivation or time to learn the search software of different CDROM titles. However, most of the popular CDROM search software packages do not support any facility to process SDI profiles automatically. One has to execute each saved search strategy and download the corresponding retrieved records manually. This is quite labour‐intensive and time‐consuming. This paper discusses a method of running an SDI service automatically using a pair of Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) utilities called Stackey and Batutil.
ONLINE SERVICE HELP DESKS
Authors: Poynder Richard
Published: January 2008

Recent years have seen a growing recognition amongst technology companies that customer support is an important part of their business. The author spoke to a number of operators and customers of help desks of online services, to see how their services are being improved and how the customers are responding. The example of STN International is given as a case study.
AN EXPLORATORY PROFILE OF PERSONAL HOME PAGES: CONTENT, DESIGN, METAPHORS
Authors: Bates Marcia J. , Lu Shaojun
Published: January 2008

An exploratory sample of 114 personal home pages, drawn from a home page directory available on the World Wide Web (People Page Directory: http://www.peoplepage.com), was analysed to detect patterns and trends in home page content and design. Covered in the analysis were types of informational content included in the home pages; internal organisation and structure of the content, including type and number of hypertext links; miscellaneous content elements, such as ‘sign guestbook’ and number of hits to the page; and physical design features such as photos, motion and audio elements. Metaphors used in the design of the pages and degree of self‐revelation were also considered. The home pages displayed a great variety of content and of specific types of formatting within broader formatting approaches. While some content elements were quite popular, none of them — not even name — was found on all home pages. Nor did the pages evidence reliance on any single dominant metaphor, such as home page as ‘home’ in the sense of domicile. It appears that though certain features may be frequently found in it, the personal home page as a social institution is still very much under development.
THREE ANGLES ON THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
Authors: Jeapes Ben
Published: January 2008

One of the sessions at December's Online Information Meeting in London dealt with the Information Society: what it is, how it can come about and the implications for the people who live in it.
DESIGNING INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR USER ABILITIES AND TASKS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Allen Bryce
Published: January 2008

With the many choices that can be built into information systems, it is possible to customize such systems for users. This customization may be based on the tasks that users are accomplishing, or on the personal characteristics of users, or a combination of these factors. An experiment is reported in which detailed logging of use of experimental information systems was used to determine the optimal configuration of the systems for each user. Tasks were varied, and the cognitive abilities of users were tested to assess one important personal characteristic. The results showed that it was possible to create an optimal configuration to match the cognitive abilities of users, but that it was more difficult to assess which configuration was the best match for specific tasks. The person‐in‐task interaction proved to be the least powerful indicator of design configurations. These results suggest that usable information systems can be created for users by careful analysis of the interaction of design features with personal characteristics such as cognitive abilities.
INTRANET WORLD
Authors: McKenna Brian
Published: January 2008

1. The Coming of the Intranet. In the wake of the Internet has come the Intranet. Figures for intranet growth abound, and they are all impressive. This year is expected to register a doubling of intranet expansion: from $4 billion last year to $8 billion this year.
VIRTUAL COMMUNITY
Authors: McKenna Brian
Published: January 2008

The collocation ‘virtual community’ yokes together a hyper‐modern concept (the virtual, in the cyberspatial sense), and a more ancient one (community, in the sense of the quality of people holding something in common, and possessing a sense of common identity). In Keywords, British socialist intellectual Raymond Williams recounts that from the seventeenth century (in English) ‘there are signs of the distinction which became especially important from the nineteenth century, in which community was felt to be more immediate than society’. (Williams 1976 p.65) This sense of community as being somehow more organic, more human than externally imposed forms of social organization informs the discussion around the word in the context of the Internet, too. Williams concludes his essay on the word by remarking that
SOCIAL MARKETING AND HEALTH EDUCATION
Authors: Leathar D.S. , Hastings G.B.
Published: January 2008

The value of social marketing must ultimately depend on its ability to provide unique and practical assistance to those involved in “furthering social causes.” This article discusses what is unique about social marketing and then assesses its contribution in one specific area: health education.
MARKET SEGMENTS AND OTHER REVELATIONS
Authors: Burr Robert L.
Published: January 2008

Prudential is not exceptional at segmentation, target marketing, or positioning. In large part it doesn't need to be. The critical success factor for Prudential is not segmentation. Rather, its strength is in its size, its financial clout, its name recognition, and above all, its agency force, which covers the whole waterfront of possible market segments and is equipped with the broadest product line in the industry. It is upon this agency force that Prudential has always relied most heavily in positioning itself in the larger financial services arena.
Green Stamps: A Case Study
Authors: Pollack Mary
Published: January 2008

Many people undoubtedly assume that S&H Green Stamps have gone out of business. That's far from the case. It is an almost $200 million‐a‐year business, and it's about to be reborn.
CHANGE THE STRATEGY, CHANGE THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: DO THE DEPARTMENT STORES DARE RISK SUCCESS?
Authors: Tigert Douglas J. , Ring Lawrence J. , McCammon Bert
Published: January 2008

Contrary to popular myth, the department store industry is not dead, dying, or comatose. While return on investment in the aggregate among all department stores in North America is near the bottom of the retailing spectrum, at about 12 percent, there is also a high variance in performance across organizations. Companies such as Nordstrom on the west coast, Parisien in Alabama, and the Hecht Division of the May Company are realizing highly satisfactory rates of return on investment. The industry is rapidly becoming rationalized through mergers (Campeau/Allied and May/Associated Dry Goods, for example) and closures (Gimbels). Our own recent fashion study in Chicago indicated that the two leading department stores — Marshall Fields and Carson Pirie Scott— show gains in market share since the last such study in 1979–1980 while other chains such as Sears and the mass merchandisers have suffered serious declines in market position.
SERVICE MARKETING TO YUPPIES
Authors: Bush Alan J. , Ortinau David I.
Published: January 2008

One unique group of consumers which has recently attracted the attention of many marketing professionals is the yuppie (young urban professional) market segment. Yet little is known or understood about this segment's service needs, preferences, and behavior or about the marketing strategies necessary to attract this type of consumer to various types of services. The study described here directly investigates yuppie consumers and their preferences and habits concerning services. This article utilizes a study among yuppies concerning a particular service, as well as previous literature on the yuppie market, to provide meaningful insights as to how marketing decision makers can develop more effective marketing strategies to attract yuppie consumers to the various service offerings.
MANAGING PARTIAL BENEFIT MARKETING: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON CONTINUING CONCERNS
Authors: Fram Eugene H. , Oliver Bruce L.
Published: January 2008

Most organizations that market services can give clients a wide range of benefits as long as their clients are willing to to pay the negotiated price. These firms are engaged in full benefit marketing. With some professional services, on the other hand, marketers can face restrictions on the benefits they offer clients. Such professional services firms are engaged in partial benefit marketing. Partial benefit marketing leads to conflict between clients and the providers of professional services. This article discusses the problems leading to the conflict and suggests what can be done to reduce the impact of problems and improve client relationships.
PROBLEM RECOGNITION: THE CRUCIAL FIRST STAGE OF THE CONSUMER DECISION PROCESS
Authors: Bruner Gordon C. , Pomazal Richard J.
Published: January 2008

Since 1910, when John Dewey first introduced the five‐stage decision process, it has been a widely accepted concept and still serves as the central pillar of a popular consumer behavior model. These stages are Problem Recognition, Information Search, Alternative Evaluation, Choice, and Outcomes. The importance of these stages is attested to by the considerable attention devoted to most of them in numerous textbooks and journal articles. Such attention, however, has not come to the Problem Recognition stage. While some texts provide hypothetical descriptions of this “trigger” of the decision process, theoretical discussion and empirical support are surprisingly lacking. Journal literature fares even worse, with articles on the topic almost non‐existent. Lack of information on the topic is even more ironic when one considers that a purchase cannot occur unless a problem is recognized! The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed explanation of the Problem Recognition process. The results of the few empirical studies that have been done will be examined. In addition, a proposed model of the Problem Recognition process is presented. The implications of this material will be discussed as it relates to marketing.
EXPANDING MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES WITH PRE‐NEED SERVICES
Authors: Kyj Myroslaw J. , Jayachandran C. , Haverty John L.
Published: January 2008

The general orientation of services marketing literature with regard to consumer or buyer behavior has been with “at‐need” purchases, those purchases made only when current consumption needs are felt. This standard approach has overlooked purchase behavior that has a time lag to consumption. “Pre‐need” services are purchased in anticipation of their future use. The characteristics of “pre‐need” services are identified and a model or framework is developed for integrating the pre‐need dimension with the marketing mix variables. The model leads to important managerial and research implications in the pre‐need marketing of services.
FUTURE STRATEGIC EMPHASES IN SERVICE VERSUS GOODS BUSINESSES
Authors: Parasuraman A. , Varadarajan P.
Published: January 2008

Numerous conceptual and empirical studies in the services marketing literature have focused on the unique characteristics of services and the resulting marketing problems. Building on these works, this article explores differences in the future strategic orientation of goods and service businesses in the context of various functional areas.
COMPETITION AND THE REGULATION OF AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE IN THE EC
Authors: RIDYARD DEREK , DE BOLLE JEAN
Published: January 2008

The paper sets out the findings of a study by the authors of the EC audit and consultancy sectors, presenting their view that it is auditors' independence rather than competition which provides those concerned with regulation of the industry with the most urgent public policy issues. The authors consider the approaches adopted by EC Member States to protect auditors' independence, concluding that these approaches have a limited effect. The paper closes by proposing an alternative approach to improving assurances of auditors' independence which would combine independent inspection of audit standards, consumer demand for safeguards and moves by suppliers to anticipate that demand.
DEPOSIT PROTECTION BOARD v BARCLAYS BANK PLC
Authors: Keith  , Goff  , Browne‐Wilkinson  , Mustill  , Lloyd
Published: January 2008

This case concerned the validity of a scheme entered into by some depositors in the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (hereinafter referred to as ‘BCCI’) in order to increase the level of payouts from the Deposit Protection Fund in respect of their original deposits with BCCI.
COMPLIANCE AND INTERNAL AUDIT
Authors: MILROY MA FCA PETER
Published: January 2008

At first sight there are many similarities between the roles of the compliance officer and the internal auditor. However, there are also some important differences in their respective functions. This paper examines a possible division of responsibilities between the compliance and internal audit departments and suggests ways in which they might cooperate.
THE INVESTMENT SERVICES AND CAPITAL ADEQUACY DIRECTIVES: FURTHER STEPS TOWARDS COMPLETION OF THE SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET IN FINANCIAL SERVICES
Authors: HALL MAXIMILIAN J.B.
Published: January 2008

During 1993 Member States of the European Union formally adopted two Directives—the Investment Services Directive and the Capital Adequacy Directive—concerned with the operation of investment business. This paper outlines the provisions contained in these Directives, which have to be enshrined in national law by the end of 1995 at the latest, explaining the role they play within the broader Single Market programme for financial services. A simple ‘cost‐benefit’ analysis of their likely impact, mainly on UK intermediaries, is also provided.
DATA GATHERING FOR IFA ORGANISATIONS: PRACTICAL GUIDANCE AND COMMENT
Authors: EGERTON MARC
Published: January 2008

This paper seeks to analyse the work of data gathering and to direct attention to some aspects of the exercise which might not be appreciated at all limes by the consultant, or even, occasionally, by a regulatory inspector. Nine aspects of ‘the fact find’ are addressed in detail: — the role of the fact find — whether or not the client should sign the fact find — whether or not recommendations should be signed by the client — the design of the fact find — verification of the fact find — specialist situations — the Data Protection Act — fact finding computerised systems — pension transfers and opt outs.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CHOICE OF LAW AND FINALITY TO PvP, NETTING AND COLLATERAL ARRANGEMENTS
Authors: GUYNN RANDALL , TAHYAR MARGARET
Published: January 2008

The authors argue that two of the significant legal issues that must be solved if cross‐border payment versus payment, netting and collateral arrangements are to achieve their full potential involve choice of law and finality. First, the parties must be able to determine, in advance, what law will govern and, second, each payment, netting event or security interest must achieve a sufficient degree of finality under applicable law.
Comparison of interim reporting regimes between a mature and an emerging market
Authors: Schadewitz Hannu J. , Blevins Dallas R.
Published: January 2008

Globally, there are more than 16 stock markets that are undergoing drastic enough growth to be considered emerging. These markets possess characteristics very distinct from those which may be characterised as mature. This paper compares interim reporting regimes in two markets with these different characteristics. The regulatory environment within the USA represents a mature market, and the Finnish regulatory environment depicts an emerging market. First, historical developments are detailed for both of these contexts. Similarities and differences in the regulation are systematically pointed out. Second, the potential consequences of some differences in regulatory schemes are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the influences these variations have on both legislators and the producers of interim reports. This paper should offer valuable insights for the regulation of a large number of emerging markets.
Strategies for ensuring compliance with the AB1 code of practice for the selling of general insurance
Authors: Salt Roger
Published: January 2008

The ABI code of practice for the selling of general insurance was first introduced in 1981 and has been refined over the years to meet the needs of consumers. It seeks to reflect the controls exercised over insurance brokers by virtue of the Insurance Brokers (Registration) Act 1977 and related regulations. It applies to all non‐registered intermediaries and employees of insurance companies. In 1994 the ABI introduced a number of improvements to address key areas of compliance, awareness and consumer recourse. The purpose of this paper is to examine the selling process involved at the new business, mid‐term adjustment, renewal stages of a general personal lines policy cycle and to propose strategies to ensure compliance with the ABI code. It considers options for monitoring and the importance of enforcement.
Financial Services Authority Limited (formerly the Securities and Investments Board) v Scandex and Another
Authors: LJ Hobhouse , LJ Millett , LJ Otton
Published: January 2008

This case, when it arose at first instance, was considered last year in the pages of this Journal (see ‘SIB Court Action against forex trader’, Vol. 5(4), Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, December 1997, p. 361.
The structure of financial regulation
Authors: Dale Richard , Wolfe Simon
Published: January 2008

Several recent developments (notably, the breakdown of traditional distinctions between different types of financial activity, the globalisation of financial markets and increasing emphasis on systemic stability as a regulatory objective) have prompted policy‐makers to search for an ‘optimum’ regulatory structure that is adapted to the new market environment. Further impetus has been given to this debate by the radical overhaul of regulatory structures, along quite different lines in Australia, the UK and Japan, and the ongoing deliberations within the US Congress over structured financial reform. This paper examines alternative ways of organising the regulatory function in the context of the new financial market environment. The first section reviews the objectives, targets and techniques of regulation. The second section describes the new market environment and the restructuring of the financial services industry. The third section assesses the implications of this new environment for the structure of regulation. The fourth section addresses the international dimension. The final section provides a summary and conclusion. The paper is based on a presentation made at the World Bank Conference, El Salvador, June 1998.
Website review
Authors: Kendrick Martyn
Published: January 2008

To coincide with this special issue of the Journal, this review will begin by considering some websites that are particularly relevant to the draft Financial Services and Markets Bill.
Risk management from a banking compliance officer's viewpoint
Authors: Fox John
Published: January 2008

This paper provides an overview of some of the key drivers for the compliance officer's contribution to risk management in a complex group situation. The importance of ensuring the compliance officers's proximity to the business is emphasised against the backdrop of the need to manage competing interests and the impact of evolving regulations. The paper identifies major internal and external influences on the role of the compliance officer and argues that there is much synergy between the objectives of the compliance and risk management functions in a banking group.
Corporate governance: Cadbury, Greenbury and Hampel — A review
Authors: Short Helen
Published: January 2008

Concern over the standards of corporate governance in the UK has led to the publication of three committee reports: Cadbury, Greenbury and, most recently, Hampel. Following the publication of the Hampel Report, the Hampel Committee has produced a document providing a set of principles and codes to embrace the Cadbury, Greenbury and Hampel recommendations — the Combined Code (June 1998). The purpose of this paper is to review the recommendations of the Cadbury, Greenbury and Hampel reports and to consider whether the recommendations of the Combined Code represent a significant shift in emphasis from the accountability aspects of corporate governance to consideration of the need for governance systems to provide structures and incentives to allow business enterprise to flourish.
Website review
Authors: Kendrick Martyn
Published: January 2008

This review considers selected websites that will be of interest to anyone involved in the analysis or regulation of emerging markets around the world. In particular, it concentrates on markets in Eastern Europe including Russia, Asia, and Latin America.
Banking regulation in an era of structural adjustment: The case of Nigeria
Authors: Ugochukwu Uche Chibuike
Published: January 2008

Prior to the 1986 adoption of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in Nigeria, the government was the main player both in the practice and regulation of banking in the country. At the time, this arrangement was expedient given the government objective of preventing the domination of a very important sector of its economy by foreigners. Under this pre‐SAP dispensation, however, the government role as both owner of many of the large banks and regulator of the banking industry sometimes brought the government into conflict with itself. The adoption of SAP, which has led to government divestment of its shares in most banks, has now extensively altered the relationship between banks and the government (regulators). The aim of this paper is to help better understand the various forces that impact on the regulatory process for banks in Nigeria. It will also suggest ways of making regulation more effective in an era of structural adjustment.
Desired vis‐à‐vis required interim disclosures
Authors: Schadewitz Hannu J. , Kanto Antti J. , Kahra Hannu A. , Blevins Dallas R.
Published: January 2008

This study compares those interim disclosures that managers desire to make with those they are required to make. Managers and regulators agree on the optimal degree of disclosure on growth potential and size. It appears that the less managers voluntarily disclose, the greater the firm's growth potential. This may be because managers feel that other evidence signals the good future prospects or the information indicating positive growth is too proprietary to reveal to competitors. Some differences are observed. Managers would pay more attention to the specific needs of their governance groups. Regulations would require more disclosure of variables indicating: business risk; capital structure; and growth. These differences in perceived need for disclosure highlight the importance of continued study of the optimal scope and scale of disclosure.
Jordanian, Kuwaiti and Omani securities regulation: Can they be the subject matter of a viable comparative study with EU securities regulation? (Part One)
Authors: Minwer Al‐Rimawi Lu'ayy
Published: January 2008

This is the first of two papers which examine whether Arab securities regulations can be the subject of a methodological study in comparative securities regulation, especially with reference to EU regulations. Little is known about Arab securities regulation in European academic discourse on financial regulation. Needless to say, the sociopolitical dynamics of Shari'a (Islamic law) have occasionally been decontextualised by Western researchers in a manner that has often resulted in obfuscating a balanced projection of Shari'a's juridical impact. In order, therefore, to provide a fuller analysis, this first paper starts by explaining the importance of examining Shari'a juridically in the broader context of commercial legislation, as despite the relatively stable regulatory status quo, Shari'a still poses juridical risks to imported Western legal concepts. It also examines Shari'a's juridical impact on Jordan, Kuwait and Oman. The second paper, which will appear in a future issue of the Journal, addresses the specific juridical impact of Shari'a on capital markets, before looking at its impact on capital market laws of Jordan, Kuwait and Oman. In order to provide an insight into existing Arab securities regulations, it then moves to survey the securities and company laws in the aforementioned countries. The discussion also includes a brief examination of market conditions, especially the early factors that accompanied the genesis of such Arab securities markets, notably in Kuwait. The second paper concludes by addressing the question of the suitability of the case study Arab markets to comparative studies in EU securities regulation. It explains in the process why the European experience is relevant (particularly in light of the many EU—Arab association agreements due to take effect from 2010, together with EU ‘harmonisation’, ‘minimum standards’, and ‘single Passport’ regulatory concepts).
The theory of regulation: A review article
Authors: Ugochukwu Uche Chibuike
Published: January 2008

This paper examines the various theoretical issues in regulation with a view to enhancing understanding of the regulation arena. Special emphasis has been placed on the banking industry. The paper shows how regulation serves different purposes for different interest groups on different occasions. It further argues that because of the ever shifting concept of ‘public good’, shifting individual and group interest and, perhaps the entwinement of individual and public good, neither the capture theory or the public good theory has yet fully explained the rationale for regulation. A clear understanding of the theoretical issues involved in regulation is therefore important if the forces that drive regulation are to be appreciated fully.
Revisions to international bank solvency standards: A UK supervisory perspective
Authors: Allen Terry
Published: January 2008

The paper summarises the key elements contained in recent proposals to revise the Basel Accord on bank capital and associated European Union requirements. A major consultative paper was issued by the Basel Committee in January this year and it is intended that the new rules will be finalised next year following a further round of consultation. The paper outlines the rationale for the revisions, in particular the need to combine a more risk‐sensitive approach without encouraging a reduction in capital adequacy within the banking system.
ENDOWMENT FUNDING IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: Pitfalls and Potential
Authors: Miller Robert C.
Published: January 2008

Fiscal support from endowments is a longstanding tradition in many institutions of higher education. The first known endowment in an American academic library resulted from a bequest of £500 from Thomas Hollis to the Harvard College Library in 1774. The number of endowments grew steadily in the 1800s, and by the turn of the century there were significant endowments in many libraries, including Yale, Columbia, the University of Pennsylvania, Brown, the University of Virginia, and the University of North Carolina. Some institutions came to be heavily dependent on trusts for library funding. Between 1928 and 1956, for example, endowment supplied the total budgetary allocation for acquisitions at the Dartmouth College Library. Similarly, as late as the early 1950s, all of the book funds for the Harvard College Library came from its endowment.
DEPOSITORY LIBRARIES AND THE ECONOMICS OF ELECTRONIC INFORMATION: Part 1
Authors: Getz Malcolm
Published: January 2008

The Federal Document Depository Program still appears to be locked in print even though an increasing amount of federal information is available electronically. But, since electronic formats offer significant improvement over print products — albeit at greater cost — library managers are beginning to explore the possibility of investing in them. Obviously, if depository libraries accept electronic documents, the pattern of costs and benefits for libraries and users is likely to change. The role and structure of the depository program will have to be re‐examined. The important function that the program has played in informing our citizenry about laws, pending legislation, regulatory policies, and other government activities may shift considerably. Congress and libraries therefore need to re‐think the assumptions that underlay the Document Depository Library Program; it may be necessary to introduce some new ground rules for its operation.
ARE YOUR FUNDS LOADED?
Authors: Dinerman Gloria
Published: January 2008

Interest rates on CDs are down. Interest rates on government securities are down. Interest rates on savings accounts are miniscule. As your library's investor, you probably had included earned interest on the income side of your budget — and most likely you're not quite making the dollar figure you had planned. One alternative means to equal your projections is to enter the very popular mutual fund market.
TALK CAN BE EXPENSIVE:
Authors: Dinerman Gloria
Published: January 2008

There is a real question as to whether your library will get a better return on its investment money if it hires a professional financial advisor. Whether the advisor works for him or herself or is affiliated with a bank, brokerage house, or independent planning group — there is little variation in the types of services you will receive.
DE‐MYSTIFYING MUTUAL FUNDS
Authors: Butterworth Virginia
Published: January 2008

The possibility of new titles by other publishers entering the journals marketplace defines an upper limit on journal prices. An extraordinary high price (with little difference in production cost) should signal the existence of a market opportunity to other publishers. To be successful, the new title must attract sales away from other titles. The editorial policies, and so the content, play an important role. Price should play a role as well. If, in fact, some high‐priced journals are earning their owners extraordinary profits, we should expect university presses, professional associations, and other commercial publishers to produce new titles or manuever existing titles into closer price competition.
INVESTING BY ASSET ALLOCATION
Authors: Cleary Patricia M.
Published: January 2008

The recent volatility in the market makes one wonder where to find the best investments. This in turn makes one wonder what to do about staying ahead of interest rates as well as minimizing risk. How can one get the higher rates and the strongest growth while staying safe and secure?
NATIONAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NETWORK
Authors: Getz Malcolm
Published: January 2008

Senator Albert Gore, Jr., has introduced a bipartisan bill, S 1067 (in the House, HR 3131) to create, among other computing initiatives, a National Research and Education Network. In September, 1989, the Bush Administration, led by Science Adviser Allen Bromley, announced broad support for computer initiatives including a National Research and Education Network. The program envisions federal leadership in the development of high‐speed data services in the 1990s comparable to the federal role in the growth of the Interstate Highway System in the 1950s.
UTILITY STOCKS — A GOOD BET
Authors: Butterworth Virginia
Published: January 2008

Around my office, I am jokingly referred to as “Miss Utility” because of my advocacy of utility stocks as investments suitable for everyone's portfolio regardless of age, income, employment status or long‐range financial goals.
Contingency Budgeting
Authors: Eisner Joseph
Published: January 2008

In times of fiscal stringency, budget formulators are often hard pressed to reduce expenditures. While the requirement to “cut costs” may initially provide the impetus for public sector managers to find better, more effective, and less expensive methods of achieving operational objectives, over the long run similar solutions will tend to be limited or nonexistent. Ultimately, the only acceptable option may be to reduce budgetary expenditures by eliminating allocations in various categories.
THE SOFTWARE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Getz Malcolm
Published: January 2008

Libraries depend on entrepreneurs to create and market software to support library functions. This essay describes a software enterprise in pro forma terms so that library managers may understand the constraints that limit the action of software vendors. To simplify the presentation, we treat the firm as though it had only a single product over its life. For comparison, the essay includes a pro forma description of a workstation software enterprise.
SERIALS DUPLICATES EXCHANGE PROGRAMS: COSTS AND BENEFITS
Authors: Branche Brown Lynn
Published: January 2008

Libraries undertake many activities to stretch budget dollars and “get more for less,” enhancing their collections at the least cost. In some instances, these programs also are seen as having the potential to generate revenues for the library. Serials duplicates exchange programs are one example of this type of activity. Often, the duplicate exchange is viewed as a cost‐effective mechanism for acquiring wanted back issues of serial titles. Libraries offer their duplicates or discards to exchange partners and receive journal issues they may be lacking. Money does not change hands, and all participants appear to benefit. On the surface, this activity appears to be a cost‐free mechanism for swapping excess materials for needed ones. A concern about postage increases and the cost of shipping materials to exchange partners prompted the Pennsylvania State University Libraries to evaluate its serials duplicates exchange program. This cost study documented the actual cost to maintain a duplicates exchange program and provided an opportunity to examine these costs in relation to the benefits derived from the program. The following is a summary of the method used to analyze the costs and benefits of the serials duplicates exchange program at Penn State, as well as the results of the study.
Product Development Life Cycles and Library Services
Authors: McGinn Howard F.
Published: January 2008

Proctor & Gamble is having difficulties. In July the 156 year old consumer products giant announced that it would be closing 30 of its 147 manufacturing facilities over the next three years and eliminating 13,000 jobs. One of the reasons for this massive downsizing, as described in the July 26, 1993, issue of Newsweek, is Proctor & Gamble's “proclivity for hanging on to outdated brands.” Coincidentally, in the same issue, Newsweek reported that Apple CEO John Sculley was forced to relinquish his position because the company posted a 1993 third quarter loss of $188 million. The loss and the soft market will force Apple to lay off 16 percent of its 13,000 employees. Some reasons for Apple's problems: soft sales of its primary products and increased competition from Microsoft's Windows. Both Apple and Proctor & Gamble temporarily neglected a traditional factor of marketing: products have life cycles that must be monitored if those products are to produce the required profits and return on investment.
Children and Libraries in the Golden State
Authors: Condos Egan Bessie
Published: January 2008

Californian Bessie Condos Egan relates the fascinating story of children and youth services and family literacy in the libraries of the nation's most complex and multicultural state. By exploring the demographical breakup of California, Egan outlines the problems that come along with rapid growth along with the areas that need attention in regards to children's literacy services.
Getting Libraries Invited to the Meeting
Authors: Harmon Charles
Published: January 2008

For years, forecasters and futurists discussing the future of the library often come across (perhaps fairly) as doomsayers. H. Folk, for example, speaking at the 1976 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, predicted that with the use of electronic information systems “libraries would also widier away, their historic duty done.” I myself have always believed that librarians would successfully adapt themselves and their libraries to technological change, essentially retooling the profession for the society we serve. While many librarians have successfully done this, society's perception of our skills and our institutions has not changed.
A practical approach to DEFINING KEY INDICATORS
Authors: Neely Andrew
Published: January 2008

Identifying key drivers of business performance helps to establish the right performance measures, but the measurement system is more likely to be successful if it can be embedded in everyday work processes. The greatest benefit comes from a system which enables you to learn strategically.
Anticipated Changes in the Business School Curriculum: A Survey of Deans in AACSB Accredited and Non‐Accredited Schools
Authors: Mayes Bronston T. , Heide Dorothy , Smith Ephraim
Published: January 2008

A survey was mailed to the deans of AACSB accredited schools and 50 per cent of the non‐accredited AACSB affiliates, to determine their perceptions of how the changes in accreditation criteria might affect their curricula and what methods might be used to make these changes. The sample was classified according to the Porter‐McKibbin categories and significant differences were found among these categories for perceived ease of accreditation; changes in programme quality; resource allocation changes; use of mission statements in decision making; curriculum component emphasis, and curriculum evaluation methods. While the overall amount of change expected in the next five years seems modest, the nature of the changes expected could have significant effects on the curricula of US business schools.
Implications of culture and gender for governmental public affairs
Authors: Grunig Larissa A.
Published: January 2008

This study combines survey research with case study analysis to explore the implications of culture and gender for governmental public affairs. The data base, developed for the IABC Research Foundation's Excellence project, establishes that participative culture is most conducive to effective public relations. Governmental agencies in the USA, Canada and the UK tend to be less participatory than two of the other three types of organisation studied: corporation and non‐profit. Women in the agency analysed in greater depth, a state lottery, formed the majority of the public affairs staff, yet encountered the ubiquitous glass ceiling in their attempts to ascend front the technical to the managerial role. Public relations in general in governmental agencies exhibits remarkably more similarity than difference across organisational types and among the three countries studied. Any factor, such as authoritarian culture or gender discrimination, that limits the effectiveness of the communication function is particularly significant there, however, given the size and scope of governmental public affairs.
Tracing the parallel evolution of public affairs and public relations: An examination of practice, scholarship and teaching
Authors: Fleisher Craig S. , Blair Natasha M.
Published: January 2008

This paper examines the evolution of two separate fields, which are essentially concerned with the same issues but are framed by different academic and professional disciplines and practice. It appears that public affairs management researchers often fail to take into account parallel literature from the discipline of public relations — even when purporting to offer an interdisciplinary approach. Equally, the public relations literature frequently fails to speak the language of business management and narrowly defines such key business activities as marketing, policy and strategy. In this paper, the authors present evidence prescribing the differing evolution of public affairs and public relations. They compare and contrast public affairs and public relations in terms of their definitions, scholarship, survey evidence, leading writers, academic and professional associations and educational programme content. They conclude by offering several suggestions for closing the gap between the two areas.
Corporate Disclosure Quality and Corporate Reputation
Authors: Landgraf Ellen , Riahi‐Belkaoui Ahmed
Published: January 2008

The paper investigates the link between a firm's overall disclosure quality and its corpoate reputation. The results show that the measure of corporate reputation is positively related to the disclosure measure, after controlling for market and accounting signals indicating the size of assets, market assessment of the value of the assets in place and rate of return on assets.