bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perioperative management of adult surgical patients with septic shock in resource limiting setting, systematic review
Authors: Alemu Ejig Temesgen , Agegnehu Abatneh Feleke , Temesgen Mamaru Mollalign
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:

Infection is the inflammatory response to micro-organisms which leads to sepsis with disregulated host response and life-threatening organ dysfunction. The common causes are, severe burn/trauma, major surgical operations and complications in the perioperative period. The main cause of this has been found to be poor clinical diagnosis and management protocol for sepsis and its consequences such as septic shock and multi-organ dysfunction; and these have been pronounced during perioperative period with additional burdens of surgery and anesthesia. Septic shock may lead to diminished cognitive function, psychological problems, and long-term damage to organ systems increased malignancy risk, and increased hospitalization rates.

Methods:

The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Search engines like PubMed through HINARI, Cochrane database and Google Scholars were used to find high-level evidences that help to draw appropriate conclusions.

Discussions:

Septic shock is a major healthcare problem with high mortality rate in different countries. The mortality rate associated with septic shock has been estimated as being between 28 and 50%, in developed countries and higher (45%-74.6) in countries with low socioeconomic status including Ethiopia. The main cause of this has been found to be poor clinical diagnosis and management protocol for sepsis and its consequences such as septic shock and multi-organ dysfunction; and these have been pronounced during perioperative period with additional burdens of surgery and anesthesia. The aims of septic shock patient management perioperatively is that best survival outcome of the patient through keeping the major organ perfusion, controlling source of sepsis, keeping the intravascular volume, acute lung injury avoidance during mechanical ventilation, hematological renal indices and electrolyte level balancing.

Conclusion:

Since the incidence of septic shock is a major healthcare problem in the world for the patients who often require surgery, thus the periopratively management is determinant factor for the patient survival outcome for the aim of minimizing the perioperative morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospitalization, health care costs and then increases productivity of the population.

Highlights
Scalpel versus electrocautery for Herniorrhaphy Incision: A randomized controlled trail
Authors: Zarei Farshad , Shahmoradi Mohammad Kazem
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:

Electrocautery is widely used for incision and is considered safe, irrespective of the surgical procedure.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to compare postoperative scar complications following scalpel and electrocautery incision in patients who underwent herniorrhaphy.

Method:

This study was a randomized controlled trail performed on 120 patients referred to (XXX) for herniorrhaphy. Sixty patients underwent hernia repair using scalpel and electrocautery incision. Postoperative pain, wound infection and scar-associated complications were assessed in all the patients at the time of suture removal and follow-up. The data were analyzed using SPSS v 18 and p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Result:

The two groups were age-matched, and no significant difference was reported in terms of hypertrophic and colloidal scar among the two groups. Additionally, the differences in the pain intensity were also not significant among the groups. No postoperative infection was reported in our study.

Conclusion:

According to our findings, electrocautery incision is as safe as scalpel incision for herniorrhaphy with regard to scar complication and wound infection. The detailed study including intraoperative parameters can give better conclusions.

Highlights
Necessary and good: a literature review exploring ethical issues for online counselling with children and young people who have experienced maltreatment
Authors: McVeigh Mary Jo , Heward-Belle Susan
Published: December 2020

The World Health Organization categorised the Corona virus as a public health emergency of international concern. As a result of this declaration, a raft of procedures to stem the spread of the virus to safeguard the health and safety of its citizens was enacted by the Australian Government. The promotion of social isolation and distancing were among these measures. The governmental social distancing measures put in place in Australia resulted in a curtailing of face-to-face work and moving to online service delivery for many agencies who provide counselling for children/young people who have experienced maltreatment. This article presents the findings of a review of the literature on the pertinent ethical issues in relation to online counselling. The results of the review highlighted common ethical issues discussed across the literature, with a major gap in the literature focusing on issues for children and young people and a continued privileging of the adult voice over children and young people’s needs.
Historical and prehistorical water levels of Mormon Lake, Arizona as a measure of climate change on the southwest Colorado Plateau, USA
Authors: Hereford Richard , Amoroso Lee
Published: December 2020

Mormon Lake, elevation 2166 m with maximum historic surface area of 31.4 km2, lies in a forested endorheic basin covering 103 km2. It is the largest unaltered freshwater body on the 337,000 km2 Colorado Plateau. Prehistorical (before AD 1878) highstands were ca. 9 and 24 m relative to depocenter datum. These levels likely occurred during four multidecadal episodes of cool, wet conditions between ca. 3.55 and 0.20 ka BP. Maximum historical levels (early 1900s) were up to 7.9 m, whereas modern (post-1941) levels were frequently zero or relatively low. Historical climate records indicate reconstructed lake levels correlate directly with annual precipitation and inversely with temperature. Early highstands were associated with above average precipitation and the lowest temperatures of the 116 yr record. The lake receded after 1941; thereafter, frequent drying and low-water levels resulted from recurrent drought and steadily increasing temperatures. Consequently, a wet episode from the 1970s to the 1990s had precipitation like the early 1900s, but highstands were only ca. 3.8 m. The historical lake-level chronology is consistent with changes of hydrologic balance predicted by climate models, that is, reduced effective precipitation (precipitation minus evaporation). These changes, particularly aridification, apparently began in the 1970s or earlier. Global oceanic and atmospheric climate modulate lake levels and regional hydroclimate.
Reintroducing species when threats still exist: assessing the suitability of contemporary landscapes for island endemics
Authors: Angeli Nicole Frances , Fitzgerald Lee Austin
Published: December 2020

Reintroducing species into landscapes with persistent threats is a conservation challenge. Although historic threats may not be eliminated, they should be understood in the context of contemporary landscapes. Regenerating landscapes often contain newly emergent habitat, creating opportunities for reintroductions. The Endangered St Croix ground lizard Pholidoscelis polops was extirpated from the main island of St Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, as a result of habitat conversion to agriculture and predation by the small Indian mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus. The species survived on two small cays and was later translocated to two islands. Since the 1950s, new land-cover types have emerged on St Croix, creating a matrix of suitable habitat throughout the island. Here we examined whether the new habitat is sufficient for a successful reintroduction of the St Croix ground lizard, utilizing three complementary approaches. Firstly, we compared a map from 1750 to the current landscape of St Croix and found statistical similarity of land-cover types. Secondly, we determined habitat suitability based on a binomial mixture population model developed as part of the programme monitoring the largest extant population of the St Croix ground lizard. We estimated the habitat to be sufficient for > 142,000 lizards to inhabit St Croix. Thirdly, we prioritized potential reintroduction sites and planned for reintroductions to take place during 2020–2023. Our case study demonstrates how changing landscapes alter the spatial configuration of threats to species, which can create opportunities for reintroduction. Presuming that areas of degraded habitat may never again be habitable could fail to consider how regenerating landscapes can support species recovery. When contemporary landscapes are taken into account, opportunities for reintroducing threatened species can emerge.
Accelerometer-derived sedentary time and physical activity and the incidence of depressive symptoms – The Maastricht Study
Authors: Konopka Magdalena J. , Köhler Sebastian , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Henry Ronald M. A. , van der Kallen Carla J. H. , Savelberg Hans H. C. M. , Eussen Simone J. P. M. , Dagniele Pieter C. , van Dongen Martien C. J. M. , Schram Miranda T. , Koster Annemarie
Published: December 2020

Background

This study examined the associations between accelerometer-derived sedentary time (ST), lower intensity physical activity (LPA), higher intensity physical activity (HPA) and the incidence of depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up.

Methods

We included 2082 participants from The Maastricht Study (mean ± s.d. age 60.1 ± 8.0 years; 51.2% men) without depressive symptoms at baseline. ST, LPA and HPA were measured with the ActivPAL3 activity monitor. Depressive symptoms were measured annually over 4 years of follow-up with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between ST, LPA, HPA and incident depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ⩾ 10). Analyses were adjusted for total waking time per day, age, sex, education level, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, total energy intake, smoking status and alcohol use.

Results

During 7812.81 person-years of follow-up, 203 (9.8%) participants developed incident depressive symptoms. No significant associations [Hazard Ratio (95% confidence interval)] were found between sex-specific tertiles of ST (lowest v. highest tertile) [1.13 (0.76–1.66], or HPA (highest v. lowest tertile) [1.14 (0.78–1.69)] and incident depressive symptoms. LPA (highest v. lowest tertile) was statistically significantly associated with incident depressive symptoms in women [1.98 (1.19–3.29)], but not in men (p-interaction <0.01).

Conclusions

We did not observe an association between ST or HPA and incident depressive symptoms. Lower levels of daily LPA were associated with an increased risk of incident depressive symptoms in women. Future research is needed to investigate accelerometer-derived measured physical activity and ST with incident depressive symptoms, preferably stratified by sex.
Wide-band gain enhancement of a pyramidal horn antenna with a 3D-printed epsilon-positive and epsilon-near-zero metamaterial lens
Authors: Keskin Nesem , Aksimsek Sinan , Turker Tokan Nurhan
Published: December 2020

In this article, we present a simple, low-cost solution for the gain enhancement of a conventional pyramidal horn antenna using additive manufacturing. A flat, metamaterial lens consisting of three-layer metallic grid wire is implemented at the aperture of the horn. The lens is separated into two regions; namely epsilon-positive and epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) regions. The structure of the ENZ region is constructed accounting the variation of relative permittivity in the metamaterial. By the phase compensation property imparted by the metamaterial lens, more focused beams are obtained. The simulated and measured results clearly demonstrate that the metamaterial lens enhances the gain over an ultra-wide frequency band (10–18 GHz) compared to the conventional horn with the same physical size. A simple fabrication process using a 3D printer is introduced, and has been successfully applied. This result represents a remarkable achievement in this field, and may enable a comprehensive solution for satellite and radar systems as a high gain, compact, light-weighted, broadband radiator.
Überprüfung der Lehrerkompetenz in Bezug auf die Ermittlung von Fehlerschwerpunkten in freien Texten
Authors: Hoffmann-Erz Ruth
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Aufgabe von Lehrkräften ist es, Grundschüler_innen dabei zu unterstützen, individuelle Fehlerschwerpunkte zu erkennen und abzubauen (KMK 2005). Ob Lehrende und Förderlehrkräfte in der Lage sind, Fehler lernförderlich auszuwählen, ist bislang ungeklärt. Zwar existieren eine Reihe linguistisch und psycholinguistisch fundierter qualitativer Fehleranalyseinstrumente zur Diagnose rechtschriftlicher Kompetenzen, diese sind allerdings nur bedingt darauf angelegt, ein handhabbares Instrument für die Fehlerkorrektur selbstverfasster Texte in inklusiven Kontexten bereitzustellen. Methode: Die Studie überprüft anhand der Fehlerauswahl von 31 Lehrkräften deren Kompetenz bezüglich der Ermittlung von Fehlerschwerpunkten. Dabei wählen die Lehrkräfte aus einem Schülertext die zehn Fehlerwörter aus, die ihrer Meinung nach vorrangig mit dem Kind überarbeitet werden sollten. Ergebnis: Im Ergebnis zeigt die Fehlerauswahl zwischen den Lehrkräften kaum Übereinstimmungen und die ausgewählten Wörter streuen stark. Ebenso wird deutlich, dass die Auswahl nicht kriteriengeleitet erfolgt. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass die Kompetenzen der Lehrkräfte nicht ausreichen, um Schüler_innen professionell bei der rechtschriftlichen Textüberarbeitung anzuleiten. Die Bereitstellung praktikabler Konzepte für die rechtschriftliche Überarbeitung selbstverfasster Texte in der alltäglichen Förderpraxis stellt ein Desiderat dar. Der Artikel skizziert ein mögliches konzeptionelles Grundgerüst für die Entwicklung eines entsprechenden Instruments.
Recent Amplified Global Gross Primary Productivity Due to Temperature Increase Is Offset by Reduced Productivity Due to Water Constraints
Authors: Madani Nima , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Kimball John S. , Ballantyne Ashley P. , Reichle Rolf H. , Maneta Marco , Saatchi Sassan , Palmer Paul I. , Liu Zhihua , Tagesson Torbern
Published: December 2020

Satellite remote sensing observations show an increased greenness trend over land in recent decades. While greenness observations can indicate increased productivity, estimation of total annual productivity is highly dependent on vegetation response to climate and environmental conditions. Models have been struggling to determine how much carbon is taken up by plants as a result of increased atmospheric CO2 fertilization. Current remote sensing light use efficiency (LUE) models contain considerable uncertainty due to the lack of spatial and temporal variability in maximum LUE parameter and climate sensitivity defined for global plant functional types (PFTs). We used the optimum LUE (LUEopt) previously derived from the global FLUXNET network to improve estimation of global gross primary productivity (GPP) for the period 1982–2016. Our results indicate increasing GPP in northern latitudes owing to reduced cold temperature constraints on plant growth, thereby suggesting increasing negative carbon‐climate feedback in high latitudes. In the tropics, by contrast, our results indicate an emerging positive climate feedback, mainly due to increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Further pervasive VPD increase is likely to continue to reduce global GPP and amplify carbon emissions.
Tropical Indo‐Pacific Compounding Thermal Conditions Drive the 2019 Australian Extreme Drought
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Mao Wei , Jiang Feng , Stuecker Malte F. , Jin Fei‐Fei , Qi Li
Published: December 2020

Australia suffered a long‐lasting extensive drought in 2019 with catastrophic wildfires creating about $4.4 billion damages, the worst record in the recent four decades. Concurrent with this extreme drought, the tropical Indo‐Pacific oceans exhibited an extraordinary combination of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, characterized by a Central‐Pacific (CP) El Niño event with westernmost location and the third strongest positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event. We here show evidence that this unique combination was responsible for the pan‐Australian drought as a westward located CP El Niño event and a strong positive IOD event can exacerbate precipitation reduction in northeastern and southern Australia, respectively. These continent‐wide extreme droughts could become more frequent over Australia in a warming world, considering projected increases in both CP El Niño and extreme positive IOD events superimposed on secular warming and drying trends.
Ionospheric Diurnal Double‐Maxima Patterns Observed by the TEC From Beidou Geostationary Satellites in the Asian‐Australian Sector During 2016–2018
Authors: Wang Yihan , Huang Fuqing , Lei Jiuhou , Luan Xiaoli , Dou Xiankang
Published: December 2020

Statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the ionospheric diurnal double‐maxima (DDM) patterns using the total electron content (TEC) from the Beidou geostationary (GEO) satellites. The data were used over the Asian‐Australian sector during 2016–2018. It was found that the ionospheric DDM had the obvious seasonal and latitudinal variations as well as hemispheric differences. The occurrence rate of ionospheric DDM presented a semi‐annual variation with a main peak around the June solstice (local summer) and a secondary peak around the December solstice in the northern hemisphere and equator region, whereas an annual variation with the highest occurrence rate around the June solstice (local winter) was observed in the southern hemisphere. Furthermore, the occurrence rate of ionospheric DDM around the equatorial ionization anomaly crest region was lower than that at other latitudes. There was an anti‐correlation between the occurrence rate of ionospheric DDM and the background TEC, indicating that the drivers, which determine the variations of the background TEC, possibly play an important role in producing the latitudinal and seasonal variations of ionospheric DDM as well. Nevertheless, the causative mechanisms could be different for daytime and post‐sunset DDMs.
A Rapid Cooling Event Over the Western Pacific Region During the Middle Bronze Age
Authors: Xiao Hangfang , Deng Wenfeng , Liu Xi , Chen Xuefei , Guo Yangrui , Zhao Jian‐xin , Zeng Ti , Wei Gangjian
Published: December 2020

Climate change in the mid‐to‐late Holocene transition is very important for predicting future climate trends and understanding the relationship between abrupt climate change and the development of past human civilization. In this study, Sr/Ca ratios and δ18O records with the annual resolution extracted from four fossil corals that were growing during the Middle Bronze Age Cold Epoch (MBACE) were used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and seawater δ18O (δ18Osw) in the South China Sea (SCS) during the mid‐to‐late Holocene transition. The results indicate that the SCS experienced a rapid cooling and wetting event during the period of ∼3,500–3,800 years BP (before present year 1950). Specifically, the average SST and δ18Osw declined rapidly by ∼3°C and ∼0.65‰, respectively, over an interval of ∼100 years from ∼3,850 years BP to ∼3,750 years BP. This rapid climate change pattern recorded in coral archives broadly agrees with those in foraminiferal and stalagmite records from adjacent land and ocean areas. Consistent with other records from the North Atlantic, this cold event in the Asia‐Western Pacific region that occurred during the MBACE and was originally identified in the North Atlantic and European regions should have occurred at the global scale, which might be caused by changes in the Asian summer monsoon linked with solar irradiance and/or the North Atlantic climate. In addition, this rapid climate change might support the occurrence and timing of the outburst flood event during the Xia Dynasty and might have led to the fall of the Xia Dynasty.
A dataset of 137Cs activity concentration and inventory in forests contaminated by the Fukushima accident
Authors: Hashimoto Shoji , Imamura Naohiro , Kawanishi Ayumi , Komatsu Masabumi , Ohashi Shinta , Nishina Kazuya , Kaneko Shinji , Shaw George , Thiry Yves
Published: December 2020

The majority of the area contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident is covered with forests. We developed a dataset for radiocaesium (137Cs) in trees, soil, and mushrooms measured at numerous forest sites. The 137Cs activity concentration and inventory data reported in scientific journal papers written in English and Japanese, governmental reports, and governmental monitoring data on the web were collated. The ancillary information describing the forest stands were also collated, and further environmental information (e.g. climate) was derived from the other databases using longitude and latitude coordinates of the sampling locations. The database contains 8593, 4105, and 3189 entries of activity concentration data for trees, soil, and mushrooms, and 471 and 3521 entries of inventory data for trees and soil, respectively, which were collected from 2011 to 2017, and covers the entire Fukushima prefecture. The data can be used to document and understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of radiocaesium in the affected region and to aid the development and validation of models of radiocaesium dynamics in contaminated forests.
Comparative analysis of bacterioplankton assemblages from two subtropical karst reservoirs of southwestern China with contrasting trophic status
Authors: Li Qiang , Huang Yadan , Xin Shenglin , Li Zhongyi
Published: December 2020

Although bacterioplankton play an important role in aquatic ecosystems, less is known about bacterioplankton assemblages from subtropical karst reservoirs of southwestern China with contrasting trophic status. Here, 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing coupled with water chemistry analysis was applied to compare the bacterioplankton communities from a light eutrophic reservoir, DL Reservoir, and a mesotrophic reservoir, WL Reservoir, in subtropical karst area of southwestern China. Our findings indicated that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia dominated bacterioplankton community with contrasting relative frequency in the two subtropical karst reservoirs. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the core communities, which played important roles in karst biogeochemical cycles. Though WT, TN and DOC play the decisive role in assembling karst aquatic bacterioplankton, trophic status exerted significantly negative direct effects on bacterioplankton community composition and alpha diversity. Due to contrasting trophic status in the two reservoirs, the dominant taxa such as Enterobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto, Candidatus Methylacidiphilum and Flavobacteriia, that harbor potential functions as valuable and natural indicators of karst water health status, differed in DL Reservoir and WL Reservoir.
The clinical analysis and treatment strategy of endovascular treatment for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis combined with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Guo Xin-bin , Liu Shuo , Guan Sheng
Published: December 2020

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) combined with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) is a special subgroup, and whether intrasinus thrombolysis (IST) or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) therapy should be carried out is controversial because of previous hemorrhage and possible delayed hemorrhage.The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and effectiveness of endovascular treatment of CVST with ICH and further discuss the treatment strategy. This is a retrospective study of 56 cases admitted from January 2010 to June 2019 diagnosed with CVST combined with ICH, and all were treated with endovascular treatment including IST with or without MT. We reviewed the clinical, radiological, and outcome data of all patients. The percentage of cases that showed complete and partial recanalization were 67.8% and 26.9% after endovascular treatment. ICH exacerbation occurred in 5 cases during thrombolysis. The percentage of cases with good outcome was 87.5% at discharge. 51 cases were followed up at sixth month. 49 cases had a mRS score of 0–2,and 2 cases had a mRS score of 3–4 at sixth month.Our data suggest that endovascular treatment may improve clinical and radiological outcome in most patients of CVST with ICH, but confirmation in prospective, controlled studies is warranted.
Preparation of glass-ionomer cement containing ethanolic Brazilian pepper extract (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) fruits: chemical and biological assays
Authors: Pinto Isabelle C. , Seibert Janaína B. , Pinto Luciano S. , Santos Vagner R. , de Sousa Rafaela F. , Sousa Lucas R. D. , Amparo Tatiane R. , dos Santos Viviane M. R. , do Nascimento Andrea M. , de Souza Gustavo Henrique Bianco , Vasconcellos Walisson A. , Vieira Paula M. A. , Andrade Ângela L.
Published: December 2020

Plants may contain beneficial or potentially dangerous substances to humans. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate a new drug delivery system based on a glass-ionomer-Brazilian pepper extract composite, to check for its activity against pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity, along with its in vitro biocompatibility. The ethanolic Brazilian pepper extract (BPE), the glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and the composite GIC-BPE were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and thermal analysis. The BPE compounds were identified by UPLC–QTOF–MS/MS. The release profile of flavonoids and the mechanical properties of the GIC-BPE composite were assessed. The flavonoids were released through a linear mechanism governing the diffusion for the first 48 h, as evidenced by the Mt/M∞ relatively to $$\sqrt t$$

t

, at a diffusion coefficient of 1.406 × 10–6 cm2 s−1. The ATR-FTIR analysis indicated that a chemical bond between the GIC and BPE components may have occurred, but the compressive strength of GIC-BPE does not differ significantly from that of this glass-ionomer. The GIC-BPE sample revealed an ample bacterial activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations for the human fibroblast MRC-5 cells. These results suggest that the prepared composite may represent an alternative agent for endodontic treatment.
Transvaginal hybrid-NOTES vs. traditional laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticulitis: a short-term comparative study
Authors: Derstadt Marie , Thomaidis Panagiotis , Seefeldt Claudia S. , Lange Jonas , Meyer Jurgen , Ströhlein Michael A. , Heiss Markus M. , Bulian Dirk R.
Published: December 2020

The aim was to compare short-term results of transvaginal hybrid-NOTES (NSR) with traditional laparoscopic technique in sigmoid resection (LSR) in cases of diverticulitis. Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery has been evolved as a minimally invasive procedure to reduce the operative trauma due to the absence of specimen extraction through the abdominal wall causing less postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stay. Despite the increasing use and published case series of NSR for diverticulitis as a laparoscopic procedure with transvaginal stapling and specimen extraction, there are no studies comparing this procedure with LSR. Twenty NSR patients operated at the Cologne-Merheim Medical Center have been documented and compared with 20 female LSR patients matched for body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists-classification (ASA), Hansen/Stock classification, and age. To ensure comparability regarding peri- and postoperative care, only procedures performed by the same surgeon were included. Procedural time, intra- and postoperative complications, conversion rate, postoperative pain, the duration of an epidural catheter, analgesic consumption, and postoperative length of hospital stay were analyzed. There were no significant differences in the sum of pain levels (p = 0.930), length of procedure (p = 0.079), intra- and postoperative complications, as well as duration of an epidural catheter. On the contrary, there were significant positive effects for NSR on morphine requirement at day seven and eight (p = 0.019 and p = 0.035 respectively) as well as the postoperative length of hospital stay (p = 0.031). This retrospective study reveals significant positive effects for NSR compared to LSR regarding length of hospital stay as well as morphine consumption after removal of the epidural catheter, whereas there were no significant differences in complication rate and procedural time. In summary, NSR is an adequate alternative to traditional laparoscopic sigmoid resection considering the surgeons experience and the patient’s personal preferences.
Ancillary ligand enabled structural and fluorescence diversity in metal–organic frameworks: application for the ultra-sensitive detection of nitrofuran antibiotics
Authors: Lei Zhen , Hu Lei , Yu Zi-Hao , Yao Qiu-Yang , Chen Xi , Li Hao , Liu Rong-Mei , Li Chuan-Ping , Zhu Xian-Dong
Published: December 2020

Fabrication and engineering of two new MOFs with flexible dipyridyl ligands for the fluorescence turn-off detection of antibiotics.
Correction: Photoactive, antimicrobial CeO2 decorated AlOOH/PEI hybrid nanocomposite: a multifunctional catalytic-sorbent for lignin and organic dye
Authors: Shuhailath K. Aboo , Linsha Vazhayal , Kumar Sasidharan Nishanth , Babitha K. Babu , Peer Mohamed Abdul Azeez , Ananthakumar Solaiappan
Published: December 2020

Correction for ‘Photoactive, antimicrobial CeO2 decorated AlOOH/PEI hybrid nanocomposite: a multifunctional catalytic-sorbent for lignin and organic dye’ by K. Aboo Shuhailath et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 54357–54370, DOI: 10.1039/C6RA07836B.
Novel hydrogen chemisorption properties of amorphous ceramic compounds consisting of p-block elements: exploring Lewis acid–base Al–N pair sites formedin situwithin polymer-derived silicon–aluminum–nitrogen-based systems
Authors: Tada Shotaro , Asakuma Norifumi , Ando Shiori , Asaka Toru , Daiko Yusuke , Honda Sawao , Haneda Masaaki , Bernard Samuel , Riedel Ralf , Iwamoto Yuji
Published: December 2020

This paper reports the relationship between the H2chemisorption properties and reversible structural reorientation of the possible active sites around Al formedin situwithin polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) based on an amorphous Si–Al–N system.
Large electrocaloric response with superior temperature stability in NaNbO3-based relaxor ferroelectrics benefiting from the crossover region
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhao Chunlin , Zheng Ting , Wu Jiagang
Published: December 2020

Large electrocaloric temperature change and superior temperature stability are achieved simultaneously in lead-free NaNbO3-based ceramics via construction of a crossover state between ferroelectrics and relaxor ferroelectrics.
Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS)
Authors: Bulut N. , Roncero O. , Aguado A. , Loison J.-C. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Wakelam V. , Fuente A. , Roueff E. , Le Gal R. , Caselli P. , Gerin M. , Hickson K. M. , Spezzano S. , Riviére-Marichalar P. , Alonso-Albi T. , Bachiller R. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Kramer C. , Tercero B. , Rodriguez-Baras M. , García-Burillo S. , Goicoechea J. R. , Treviño-Morales S. P. , Esplugues G. , Cazaux S. , Commercon B. , Laas J. , Kirk J. , Lattanzi V. , Martín-Doménech R. , Muñoz-Caro G. , Pineda J. , Ward-Thompson D. , Tafalla M. , Marcelino N. , Malinen J. , Friesen R. , Giuliano B. M. , Agúndez M. , Hacar A.
Published: December 2020

Context. Carbon monosulphide (CS) is among the most abundant gas-phase S-bearing molecules in cold dark molecular clouds. It is easily observable with several transitions in the millimeter wavelength range, and has been widely used as a tracer of the gas density in the interstellar medium in our Galaxy and external galaxies. However, chemical models fail to account for the observed CS abundances when assuming the cosmic value for the elemental abundance of sulfur.

Aims. The CS+O → CO + S reaction has been proposed as a relevant CS destruction mechanism at low temperatures, and could explain the discrepancy between models and observations. Its reaction rate has been experimentally measured at temperatures of 150−400 K, but the extrapolation to lower temperatures is doubtful. Our goal is to calculate the CS+O reaction rate at temperatures <150 K which are prevailing in the interstellar medium.

Methods. We performed ab initio calculations to obtain the three lowest potential energy surfaces (PES) of the CS+O system. These PESs are used to study the reaction dynamics, using several methods (classical, quantum, and semiclassical) to eventually calculate the CS + O thermal reaction rates. In order to check the accuracy of our calculations, we compare the results of our theoretical calculations for T ~ 150−400 K with those obtained in the laboratory.

Results. Our detailed theoretical study on the CS+O reaction, which is in agreement with the experimental data obtained at 150–400 K, demonstrates the reliability of our approach. After a careful analysis at lower temperatures, we find that the rate constant at 10 K is negligible, below 10−15 cm3 s−1, which is consistent with the extrapolation of experimental data using the Arrhenius expression.

Conclusions. We use the updated chemical network to model the sulfur chemistry in Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC 1) based on molecular abundances determined from Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular CloudS (GEMS) project observations. In our model, we take into account the expected decrease of the cosmic ray ionization rate, ζH2, along the cloud. The abundance of CS is still overestimated when assuming the cosmic value for the sulfur abundance.
X-band metamaterial absorbers based on reduced graphene oxide-silicon carbide-linear low density polyethylene composite
Authors: Bora Pankaj , Mahanta Utpal Jyoti , Sarmah Jayanta Kumar , Gogoi Jyoti Prasad
Published: December 2020

Graphene oxide obtained by Hummer's method is used to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using chemical and thermal treatment method. Flexible composites of RGO-Silicon carbide (SiC)-Low density polyethylene (LLDPE) in different wt.% ratios of fillers are characterized for complex permittivity and permeability in X-band. A metamaterial design of ring shaped with four stripe structure is designed on developed substrate as well as standard FR4 substrate and simulated using EM simulator, CST Microwave Studio. Simulated results showed shifting of resonant peak frequency from C-band frequency for FR4 substrate to X-band for developed substrates signifying a role of microwave constitutive properties of the dielectric spacer. The fabricated metamaterial structure on RGO-SiC-LLDPE composite of thickness 0.7 mm shows aS11∼ −25 dB at 10.7 GHz with maximum absorption of 96.7%. Thus, the developed meta-material design showing a potential application in microwave applications.
Ball bearing turbocharger vibration management: application on high speed balancer
Authors: Gjika Kostandin , Costeux Antoine , LaRue Gerry , Wilson John
Published: December 2020

Today's modern internal combustion engines are increasingly focused on downsizing, high fuel efficiency and low emissions, which requires appropriate design and technology of turbocharger bearing systems. Automotive turbochargers operate faster and with strong engine excitation; vibration management is becoming a challenge and manufacturers are increasingly focusing on the design of low vibration and high-performance balancing technology. This paper discusses the synchronous vibration management of the ball bearing cartridge turbocharger on high-speed balancer and it is a continuation of papers [1–3]. In a first step, the synchronous rotordynamics behavior is identified. A prediction code is developed to calculate the static and dynamic performance of “ball bearing cartridge-squeeze film damper”. The dynamic behavior of balls is modeled by a spring with stiffness calculated from Tedric Harris formulas and the damping is considered null. The squeeze film damper model is derived from the Osborne Reynolds equation for incompressible and synchronous fluid loading; the stiffness and damping coefficients are calculated assuming that the bearing is infinitely short, and the oil film pressure is modeled as a cavitated π film model. The stiffness and damping coefficients are integrated on a rotordynamics code and the bearing loads are calculated by converging with the bearing eccentricity ratio. In a second step, a finite element structural dynamics model is built for the system “turbocharger housing-high speed balancer fixture” and validated by experimental frequency response functions. In the last step, the rotating dynamic bearing loads on the squeeze film damper are coupled with transfer functions and the vibration on the housings is predicted. The vibration response under single and multi-plane unbalances correlates very well with test data from turbocharger unbalance masters. The prediction model allows a thorough understanding of ball bearing turbocharger vibration on a high speed balancer, thus optimizing the dynamic behavior of the “turbocharger-high speed balancer” structural system for better rotordynamics performance identification and selection of the appropriate balancing process at the development stage of the turbocharger.
Supportivtherapie
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2020

Invasive Mykosen sind bei myelosuppressiven Chemotherapien, Immunsuppression und hämatopoetischen Stammzelltransplantationen gefürchtete Komplikationen, die ganz wesentlich zur Morbidität und Mortalität beitragen. Es besteht kein genereller Konsens über die effektivste Prophylaxe. Ein aktuelles systematisches Review und Netzwerk-Metaanalyse wertete 69 randomisierte klinische Studien (RCT) den unterschiedlichen Nutzen bei der Primärprophylaxe von Mykosen in Abhängigkeit von der Grunderkrankung und Therapie aus.
Minimale Resterkrankung bei der akuten myeloischen Leukämie
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2020

Ist nach einer AML-Behandlung eine residuelle maligne Zellpopulation unterhalb des morphologischen Niveaus nachweisbar, verschlechtert sich die Prognose. Deshalb unterstützen Leitlinien die „komplette Remission ohne minimale Resterkrankung“ als wesentliches Responsekriterium. In einem systematischen Review und einer Metaanalyse wurden jetzt 81 Studien mit 11151 AML-Patienten ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse belegen den Nutzen der minimalen Resterkrankung als Vorhersagekriterium.
A Novel Maneuver to Treat Refractory Atelectasis in Mechanically Ventilated Children
Authors: Martinez Herrada Alejandro J. , Wien Michael A. , Shein Steven L. , Maher John K. , Zee-Cheng Janine E. , Rotta Alexandre T.
Published: December 2020

We developed a novel airway clearance and lung recruitment maneuver for children with refractory unilateral atelectasis undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. In this retrospective, single-center, proof of concept study, we describe the steps involved in this novel maneuver and evaluate its effectiveness in 15 patients through objective quantitation of changes in respiratory system compliance and in the degree of atelectasis assessed by a validated Modified Radiology Atelectasis Score. Compared with the premaneuver baseline, the median atelectasis score improved significantly following the maneuver (9 [7.5–10] vs. 1 [0–3.3], respectively, p < 0.01). Likewise, dynamic compliance was significantly higher following the maneuver (0.3 [0.32–0.44] vs. 0.61 [0.53–0.69] mL/kg/cm H2O, respectively, p < 0.01). No patients required a bronchoscopy. This simple and effective maneuver resulted in a significant improvement in the degree of atelectasis and dynamic compliance in this cohort of mechanically ventilated children with refractory unilateral atelectasis.
Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa
Published: December 2020

B. madagascariensis is a shrub native to Madagascar that has been introduced outside its native range as an ornamental and hedge plant (USDA-ARS, 2016). This species has escaped from cultivation and once naturalized it behaves as an aggressive invader principally in ruderal and heavily disturbed areas (Starr et al., 2003; GISD, 2016). Its rapid growth enables it to form dense impenetrable thickets that outcompete and displace native vegetation. In addition to its aggressive growth, this species produces fleshy fruits with numerous seeds that can be easily dispersed by birds and other animals. While seeds are not produced in some areas, the ability of this species to regenerate from stem fragments allows dispersal to distant locations as stem fragments can be carried by animals (i.e., birds and livestock), humans, vehicles, and waterways (Starr et al., 2003; Norman, 2012; GISD, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016). Currently it has been listed as invasive in Bermuda, South Africa, St Helena, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Hawaii and Australia (MacKee, 1994; Wagner et al., 1999; Kairo et al., 2003; Henderson, 2007; GISD, 2016; PIER, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016).
Preparation, characterization and optimization of superhydrophobic PVDF-PVC composite membrane based on concentration change of casting solution
Authors: Zhang Dashuai , Lin Xiaoxue , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xiaopeng , Li Chen , Lin Yang , Sun Tianyi , Zhu Linhua , Lin Qiang , Shi Zaifeng
Published: December 2020

The PVDF/PVC superhydrophobic composite membrane was prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation method. When the concentration of PVDF/PVC(= 85/15) is 4%, DMF can be used as a solvent to prepare PVDF/PVC superhydrophobic composite membrane by using the simple and applicable NIPS method. Through static contact angle and rolling angle, it was found that the maximum contact angle of PVDF/PVC composite membrane with low concentration can reach 152°, rolling angle is 3 degrees, and the surface potential energy is also relatively low about 8°. It was found by DSC that the crystallinity of PVDF/PVC composite membrane with low concentration was higher, SEM shows that the surface of 4% PVDF/PVC composite membrane has nano scale protrusion, and AMF finds that the surface of 4% PVDF/PVC composite membrane was high Surface roughness. When the surface roughness was high, the surface hydrophobicity is improved, the wetting problem was alleviated, the self-cleaning ability of the membrane is improved, and the membrane pollution is reduced. It was found that the 4% PVDF/PVC composite membrane prepared by low concentration method has a long-lasting self-cleaning performance and can be used as an organic coating in the field of self-cleaning.
Chapter 6 grace crawley
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

It has already been said that Grace Crawley was at this time living with the two Miss Prettymans, who kept a girls’ school at Silverbridge. Two more benignant ladies than the Miss Prettymans never presided over such an establishment. The younger was fat, and...
Chapter 32 mr toogood
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Mr Crawley had declared to Mr Robarts that he would summon no legal aid to his assistance at the coming trial. The reader may, perhaps, remember the impetuosity with which he rejected the advice, on this subject which was conveyed to him by Mr...
Chapter 36 grace crawley returns home
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

About this time Grace Crawley received two letters; the first of them reaching her while John Eames was still at the cottage, and the other immediately after his return to London. They both help to tell our story, and our reader shall, therefore, read...
Chapter 38 jael
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

On the first of March Conway Dalrymple’s easel was put up in Mrs Dobbs Broughton’s boudoir upstairs, the canvas was placed upon it on which the outlines of Jael and Sisera had been already drawn, and Mrs Broughton and Clara Van Siever...
Chapter 46 the bayswater romance
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Eames had by no means done his work for that evening when he left Mr Dale and Lily at their lodgings. He had other business on hand to which he had promised to give attention, and another person to see who would...
Chapter 52 ‘why don’t you have an “it” for yourself?’
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Of course it came to pass that Lily Dale and Emily Dunstable were soon very intimate, and that they saw each other every day. Indeed, before long they would have been living together in the same house had it not been that the squire...
Chapter 68 the obstinacy of mr crawley
Authors: Trollope Anthony
Published: December 2020

Dr Tempest, when he heard the news, sent immediately to Mr Robarts, begging him to come over to Silverbridge. But this message was not occasioned solely by the death of Mrs Proudie. Dr Tempest had also heard that Mr Crawley had submitted himself to...
Working for the Clampdown: State Repression and Confidence in Legal Authorities in Comparative Context
Authors: Davis Andrew P
Published: December 2020

Scholars have focussed on the national level factors affecting citizen perceptions of legal institutions, which vary a great deal across the world. Scepticism towards legal structures often arises as a result of corrupt or abusive practices on the part of legal actors that may poison relations between citizens and law enforcement. Empirical research on the cross-national determinant of confidence in the police have shown corruption to be an essential factor in predicting lower levels of confidence in the police. Yet, a focus on corruption oftentimes emphasizes the quality of governance and neglects abusive actions taken by officials that can undermine public trust. This article focusses on those abusive practices by examining the relationship between human rights and individual reports of confidence in legal authorities. Using a pooled sample across multiple waves of the World Values Survey and multilevel models, I test the extent to which protections from human rights abuses and perceptions of strong human rights practices are related to higher levels of confidence in legal authorities. Findings from the statistical analysis offer strong support for my theorized expectations.