bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidentiality and the expression of speaker’s stance in Romance languages and German
Authors: Haßler Gerda
Published: February 2015

In recent years, the category of evidentiality has also come into use for the description of Romance languages and of German. This has been contingent on a change in its interpretation from a typological category to a semantic-pragmatic category, which allows an application to languages lacking specialised morphemes for the expression of evidentiality. We consider evidentiality to be a structural dimension of grammar, the values of which are expressed by types of constructions that code the source of information which a speaker imparts. If we look at the situation in Romance languages and in German, drawing a boundary between epistemic modality and evidentiality presents problems that are difficult to solve. Adding markers of the source of the speaker’s knowledge often limits the degree of responsibility of the speaker for the content of the utterance. Evidential adverbs are a frequently used means of marking the source of the speaker’s knowledge. The evidential meaning is generalised to marking any source of knowledge, what can be regarded as a result of a process of pragmaticalisation. The use of certain means which also carry out evidential markings can even contribute to the blurring of the different kinds of evidentiality. German also has modal verbs which in conjunction with the perfect tense of the verb have a predominantly evidential use ( sollen and wollen). But even here the evidential marking is not without influence on the modality of the utterance. The Romance languages, however, do not have such specialised verbs for expressing evidentiality in certain contexts. To do this, they mark evidentiality – often context bound – by verb forms such as the conditional and the imperfect tense. This article shall contrast the different architectures used in expressing evidentiality in German and in the Romance languages.
Hydronephrosis alters cardiac ACE2 and Mas receptor expression in mice
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Ma Lulu , Wu Junyan , Chen Tingting
Published: February 2015

Introduction:

Hydronephrosis is characterized by substantial loss of tubules and affects renin secretion in the kidney. However, whether alterations of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2 and Mas receptor in the heart are observed in hydronephrosis is unknown. Thus, we assessed these components in hydronephrotic mice treated with AT1 receptor blockade and ACE inhibitor.

Materials and methods:

Hydronephrosis was induced by left ureteral ligation in Balb/C mice except sham-operated animals. The levels of cardiac ACE, ACE2 and Mas receptor were measured after treatment of losartan or enalapril.

Results:

Hydronephrosis led to an increase of ACE level and a decrease of ACE2 and Mas receptor in the heart. Losartan decreased cardiac ACE level, but ACE2 and Mas receptor levels significantly increased in hydronephrotic mice ( p < 0.01). Enalapril increased ACE2 levels ( p < 0.01), but did not affect Mas receptor in the heart. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and Ang II decreased in hydronephrotic mice, but significantly increased after treatment with losartan or enalapril.

Conclusions:

Hydronephrosis increased cardiac ACE and suppressed ACE2 and Mas receptor levels. AT1 blockade caused sustained activation of cardiac ACE2 and Mas receptor, but ACE inhibitor had the limitation of such activation of Mas receptor in hydronephrotic animals.
Boosting Cognition With Music in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Castro Maïté , Tillmann Barbara , Luauté Jacques , Corneyllie Alexandra , Dailler Frédéric , André-Obadia Nathalie , Perrin Fabien
Published: February 2015

Background. Music listening conveys beneficial effects on cognitive processes in both normal and pathologic cerebral functioning. Surprisingly, no quantitative study has evaluated the potential effects of music on cognition and consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness. Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of music on cerebral processing in patients with disorders of consciousness. Methods. Using bedside electroencephalographic recording, we acquired in 13 patients with disorders of consciousness event-related potentials to the patient’s first name after either an excerpt of the patient’s preferred music (music condition) or a continuous sound (control condition). Results. The cerebral response to the patient’s first name was more often observed in the music condition, than in the control condition. Furthermore, the presence or absence of a discriminative response in the music condition seemed to be associated with a favorable or unfavorable outcome, respectively. Conclusions. These findings demonstrate for the first time that music has a beneficial effect on cognitive processes of patients with disorders of consciousness. The autobiographical characteristics of music, that is, its emotional and personal relevance, probably increase arousal and/or awareness.
Are outcome-adaptive allocation trials ethical?
Authors: Hey Spencer Phillips , Kimmelman Jonathan
Published: February 2015

Randomization is firmly established as a cornerstone of clinical trial methodology. Yet, the ethics of randomization continues to generate controversy. The default, and most efficient, allocation scheme randomizes patients equally (1:1) across all arms of study. However, many randomized trials are using outcome-adaptive allocation schemes, which dynamically adjust the allocation ratio in favor of the better performing treatment arm. Advocates of outcome-adaptive allocation contend that it better accommodates clinical equipoise and promotes informed consent, since such trials limit patient-subject exposure to sub-optimal care. In this essay, we argue that this purported ethical advantage of outcome-adaptive allocation does not stand up to careful scrutiny in the setting of two-armed studies and/or early-phase research.
Picking the right cherries? A comparison of corpus-based and qualitative analyses of news articles about masculinity
Authors: Baker Paul , Levon Erez
Published: February 2015

As a way of comparing qualitative and quantitative approaches to critical discourse analysis (CDA), two analysts independently examined similar datasets of newspaper articles in order to address the research question ‘How are different types of men represented in the British press?’. One analyst used a 41.5 million word corpus of articles, while the other focused on a down-sampled set of 51 articles from the same corpus. The two ensuing research reports were then critically compared in order to elicit shared and unique findings and to highlight strengths and weaknesses between the two approaches. This article concludes that an effective form of CDA would be one where different forms of researcher expertise are carried out as separate components of a larger project, then combined as a way of triangulation.
One truth among others? Truth commissions’ struggle for truth and memory
Authors: Bakiner Onur
Published: February 2015

Most truth commissions combine human rights investigation with a historical narrative explaining the causes and patterns of violence and violations. However, their historiographical function has been generally overlooked in transitional justice scholarship, as well as in history and memory studies. This article presents an analytical framework to situate truth commission narratives in the broader context of struggles for social memory. I argue that the historical context chapters in commissions’ final reports reflect the explanatory schemes and memory tropes circulating in wider society, but they also often transform the terms of the societal debate. Commissions negotiate the tension between their authoritative status over historical truth and the need to persuade those who question their truthfulness and legitimacy. Toward that end, they adopt various narrative strategies ( adjudication, avoidance, giving voice, and transformation). Finally, while it should be acknowledged that the strategic interventions and silences of commissions have ruled out many alternative memories (and along with them, visions of future), it is wrong to reduce commission narratives to politically usable reconstructions of the past, as they have often surprised and upset political leaders through their findings, historical explanations, and recommendations.
Inter-rater, intra-rater and inter-instrument reliability of an electrogoniometer to measure wrist range of motion
Authors: da Silva Camassuti Patrícia Aparecida , Marcolino Alexandre'Marcio , Tamanini Guilherme , Barbosa Rafael Inácio , Barbosa Amanda Matias , de Cássia Registro Fonseca Marisa
Published: February 2015

Introduction

Assessment of the wrist is essential in hand rehabilitation. The flexible electrogoniometer has been used to measure joint range of motion in the wrist, although it has lack of reliability. The objectives of the study were to examine intra- and inter-examiner reliability, as well as inter-device reliability, of wrist range of motion obtained by a flexible electrogoniometer.

Methods

Twenty-four right-handed individuals (12 men and 12 women) took part in the study. Participants were actively and randomly subjected to radial and ulnar deviation, flexion and extension of the right wrist. The motions were measured by both the universal goniometer (CARCI®) and the electrogoniometer (MIOTEC®). Two examiners carried out three series of measurements. One of the examiners performed repeated measurement after seven days. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, standard error of measurement and the Bland-Altman limits of agreement were used for data analysis.

Results

Data showed excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability for all movements with the electrogoniometer (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient > 0.90), except for the inter-examiner analysis of wrist flexion, with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.89. The correlation between the devices was deemed to be satisfactory. Even though the excellent reliability and low standard error of measurement results were presented, Bland-Altman graphs showed some discrepant data.

Conclusion

Based on this sample, we suggest that this electrogoniometer is a reliable device regarding intra- and inter-examiner for clinical application when compared with a universal goniometry for wrist motion.
Hot plasmonic electrons for generation of enhanced photocurrent in gold-TiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Brennan Lorcan J , Purcell-Milton Finn , Salmeron Aurélien S , Zhang Hui , Govorov Alexander O , Fedorov Anatoly V , Gun’ko Yurii K
Published: February 2015

In this manuscript, for the first time, we report a combination of electrophoretic and sintering approaches for introducing gold nanoparticles into nanoporous TiO2 films to generate ‘hot’ electrons resulting in a strong enhancement of photocurrent. The Au-TiO2 nanocomposite material was prepared by the electrophoretic deposition of gold nanoparticles into a porous nanoparticulate titanium dioxide film, creating a photoactive electrode. The composite film demonstrates a significant increase in the short circuit current (I
sc) compared to unmodified TiO2 when excited at or close to the plasmon resonance of the gold nanoparticles. Then, we employed a thermal ripening process as a method of increasing the I
sc of these electrodes and also as a method of tuning the plasmon peak position, with a high degree of selectivity. Photo-electrochemical investigations revealed that the increase in photocurrent is attributed to the generation and separation of plasmonically generated hot electrons at the gold/TiO2 interface and also the inter-band generation of holes in gold nanoparticles by photons with λ < 520 nm. Theoretical modelling outputs perfectly match our results obtained from photo-physical studies of the processes leading to enhanced photocurrent.
Optical properties and bandgap evolution of ALD HfSiOx films
Authors: Yang Wen , Fronk Michael , Geng Yang , Chen Lin , Sun Qing-Qing , Gordan Ovidiu D , zhou Peng , Zahn Dietrich RT , Zhang David Wei
Published: February 2015

Hafnium silicate films with pure HfO2 and SiO2 samples as references were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in this work. The optical properties of the films as a function of the film composition were measured by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ellipsometer in the energy range of 0.6 to 8.5 eV, and they were investigated systematically based on the Gaussian dispersion model. Experimental results show that optical constants and bandgap of the hafnium silicate films can be tuned by the film composition, and a nonlinear change behavior of bandgap with SiO2 fraction was observed. This phenomenon mainly originates from the intermixture of d-state electrons in HfO2 and Si-O antibonding states in SiO2.
Teaching for conceptual understanding: A cross-national comparison of the relationship between teachers’ instructional practices and student achievement in mathematics
Authors: O’Dwyer Laura M , Wang Yang , Shields Katherine A
Published: February 2015

Background

Educators, researchers and policy-makers worldwide continue to struggle to understand the changes needed for improving educational outcomes and attainment for students, particularly in content areas such as mathematics and science that are essential for developing a highly skilled workforce. Given the continuing emphasis on linking teacher practices with student outcomes, this study aims to explore teachers’ use of particular instructional strategies and whether use is associated with student achievement.

Methods

Using data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007, this study examines eighth grade teachers’ use of instructional practices that support students’ conceptual understanding, and examines the relationship between those practices and mathematics test scores. Data from four countries was examined: U.S., Korea, Japan, and Singapore. Descriptive statistics and a series of multilevel regression models were used.

Results

The results show that teachers in the U.S. were most similar to Korean teachers in the frequency and types of teaching practices reported, and that they reported using some practices at least as frequently, or more frequently than teachers in the other countries. A sub-set of teachers’ instructional practices are related to mathematics achievement in the U.S. and Singapore, but not in Korea or Japan.

Conclusions

Teacher practices explained very little of the variability in test scores, even in cases where particular instructional practices were positively and significantly related to achievement. This research highlights the challenges for examining the teacher-level correlates of student test scores using data from cross-sectional, international studies that do not include measures of students’ prior achievement, classroom observations, or estimates of students’ out-of-school instruction.
Optical efficiency characterization of LED phosphors using a double integrating sphere system
Authors: Gorrotxategi Paula , Consonni Marianne , Gasse Adrien
Published: February 2015

We report on the methodology and implementation of a robust and accurate double integrating sphere system for measuring the absolute photoluminescence quantum yield and its temperature dependence of commercially available phosphors (garnets, silicates and nitrides). The potential of our instrument for the examination of light interaction with samples of different absorption and diffusion coefficients is also presented, as optical properties of luminescent materials have a major impact on the efficiency of LED’s packaging. Our work gives special attention to the control and the optimization of light losses in the optical system in order to ensure reliable measurements. The YAG:Ce phosphor shows the highest luminescence quantum yield at 97% efficiency, the green silicate the lowest with 79% efficiency. Silicate phosphors show up to 15% loss of luminescence intensity when temperature is raised to 140°C.
The proteomic response of cheliped myofibril tissue in the eurythermal porcelain crabPetrolisthes cinctipesto heat shock following acclimation to daily temperature fluctuations
Authors: Garland Michael A. , Stillman Jonathon H. , Tomanek Lars
Published: February 2015

The porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes lives under rocks and in mussel beds in the mid-intertidal zone where it experiences immersion during high tide and saturating humid conditions in air during low tide, which can increase habitat temperature by up to 20°C. To identify the biochemical changes affected by increasing temperature fluctuations and subsequent heat shock, we acclimated P. cinctipes for 30 days to one of three temperature regimes: (1) constant 10°C, (2) daily temperature fluctuations between 10 and 20°C (5 h up-ramp to 20°C, 1 h down-ramp to 10°C) and (3) 10–30°C (up-ramp to 30°C). After acclimation, animals were exposed to either 10°C or a 30°C heat shock to analyze the proteomic changes in claw muscle tissue. Following acclimation to 10–30°C (measured at 10°C), enolase and ATP synthase increased in abundance. Following heat shock, isoforms of arginine kinase and glycolytic enzymes such as aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase increased across all acclimation regimes. Full-length isoforms of hemocyanin increased abundance following acclimation to 10–30°C, but hemocyanin fragments increased after heat shock following constant 10°C and fluctuating 10–20°C, possibly playing a role as antimicrobial peptides. Following constant 10°C and fluctuating 10–20°C, paramyosin and myosin heavy chain type-B increased in abundance, respectively, whereas myosin light and heavy chain decreased with heat shock. Actin-binding proteins, which stabilize actin filaments (filamin and tropomyosin), increased during heat shock following 10–30°C; however, actin severing and depolymerization proteins (gelsolin and cofilin) increased during heat shock following 10–20°C, possibly promoting muscle fiber restructuring. RAF kinase inhibitor protein and prostaglandin reductase increased during heat shock following constant 10°C and fluctuating 10–20°C, possibly inhibiting an immune response during heat shock. The results suggest that ATP supply, muscle fiber restructuring and immune responses are all affected by temperature fluctuations and subsequent acute heat shock in muscle tissue. Furthermore, although heat shock after acclimation to constant 10°C and fluctuating 10–30°C showed the greatest effects on the proteome, moderately fluctuating temperatures (10–20°C) broadened the temperature range over which claw muscle was able to respond to an acute heat shock with limited changes in the muscle proteome.
Hybridization of Polyaniline on Sulfonated Graphene for an Electrochemical Supercapacitor
Authors: Lee Kang Seok , Park Young-Ho , Kim Sung Min , Lee Gibaek , In Insik , Park Sung Young
Published: February 2015

Nanocomposite of polyaniline and graphene as an electrochemical supercapacitor was directly prepared through electrostatic complexation between negatively charged chemically reduced graphene oxide and emeraldine salt form of PANI, accomplishing improved specific capacitance of 640 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 and enhanced cycle life.
Spatiotemporal Control of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activity by Caged Ligands
Authors: Isa Masayuki , Namiki Shigeyuki , Asanuma Daisuke , Hirose Kenzo
Published: February 2015

We developed a technique for spatiotemporally precise control of downstream signaling of receptor tyrosine kinase by ultraviolet light irradiation of caged fluorescein-based receptor ligands in cells expressing an antifluorescein antibody–receptor tyrosine kinase chimera. Light-driven ligand uncaging specifically elicited receptor phosphorylation and calcium mobilization in irradiated cells. This technique may be useful for detailed studies of the physiological roles and dynamics of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.
Fluorescence Quenching Study for Characterization of Hydrophobic Microdomain of the Complex Formed from Hydrophobically Modified Polysulfonate and Hydrophobically Modified Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Authors: Mizusaki Masanobu
Published: February 2015

Accessibility of water-soluble fluorescence quencher, thallium nitrate (Tl+), to pyrene (Py) sites of the Py-labeled random copolymer of sodium 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate and 50 mol % N-dodecylmethacrylamide (PAMPS-DodM-Py) was investigated with and without addition of the unlabeled random copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and 1.5 mol % N-dodecylacrylamide (PNIPAM-DodA) in aqueous solutions. The results revealed that the accessibility of Tl+ ions to the Py sites of PAMPS-DodM-Py was decreased by adding PNIPAM-DodA to PAMPS-DodM-Py, anticipating that more stable hydrophobic microdomain was formed due to the interaction between PAMPS-DodM-Py and PNIPAM-DodA.
Safety of Dam Structures from Ground Vibrations Due to Demolition Blasting of Coffer Wall of a Hydroelectric Project in India
Authors: Roy Pijush Pal , Sawmliana Chhangte , Singh Rakesh K , Mukhiya Ramesh
Published: February 2015

The National Hydroelectric Project Corporation (NHPC) Limited, a Government of India Undertaking, while constructing a 132 MW Hydroelectric Project on the river Teesta at the district of Darjeeling in West Bengal built one concrete coffer wall on the upstream of the river to facilitate the construction of barrage and spillway. One end of the coffer wall was abutted to the barrage pier and the other end to the left bank onto the cellular wall. The demolition of the said coffer wall by controlled blasting was entrusted to CSIR-CIMFR by NHPC. The paper deals with the scientific methodology resorted by CSIR-CIMFR for accomplishing the job successfully with full safety to the nearby structures viz. barrage, spillway, Intake, penstocks, surface powerhouse, tail channel, pot head yard etc.
Embodied Design Cognition: Action-Based Formalizations in Architectural Design
Authors: Smithwick Daniel , Sass Larry
Published: February 2015

This paper frames design knowledge as formalizable physical actions that can more fully exploit future design tools and production methods. As computational design tools become more physically interactive and integrated into our environment we need new research frameworks to develop theories of physical design action as a form of knowledge. Symbolic theories of design knowledge traditionally frame design activity as a mental process and as a result researchers have not fully explored the potential for bodily-based computational design knowledge. We present an action-based design notation drawing inspiration from music performance theory to illustrate how this may impact design research. We discuss findings from situated cognition in cognitive science as an alternative framework for exploring and expanding design knowledge. We conclude with suggestions for future work in robotic-aided design cognition.
Spatial Elements Imbued with Cognition: A possible step toward the “Architecture Machine”
Authors: Oungrinis Konstantinos-Alketas , Liapi Marianthi
Published: February 2015

When Nicolas Negroponte, in 1971, described future architecture as a ‘machine’, he was clear to ascribe this new character to intelligence and common sense rather than to kinesis and adaptation. Within this framework, the article presents a new direction toward the creation of an “Architecture Machine” which evolves from responsive architecture to include empathy control systems. The aim is set in two paths, with the first one exploring feasibility and the second securing unobtrusive operation to better facilitate human activity and comfort. The proposed architectural approach, for which the authors have coined the term sensponsive, employs Ambient Intelligence to imbue space with cognitive skills and provide it with a sense of why, how and when to act, while maintaining an empathic distance. Within this framework, the article presents a series of experiments to highlight the concepts and the techniques currently associated with a sensponsive design approach.
Meta-PREVI Grammar
Authors: Mendes Leticia Teixeira , Celani Gabriela , Beirão José Nuno
Published: February 2015

This paper describes part of a wider research that aimed at using Shape Grammar to generate more diverse and interesting urban spaces in Brazilian Social Housing developments. A shape grammar corresponding to design patterns was inferred from the PREVI Lima urban plan developed by C. Alexander [1] in the 1970s. The grammar was inferred from the plan layout and from the text instructions (or pattern descriptions) presented by Alexander, and can be applied to design new plans within a wider formal universe than what the plan layout would suggest. The final section of the paper points towards the development of generic grammars as a way of encapsulating good qualities of certain design projects and applying them to new situations.
Supporting Tools for Early Stages of Architectural Design
Authors: Bueno Ernesto , Turkienicz Benamy
Published: February 2015

In architectural design, pencil and paper remain the most frequently used media to create freehand drawings to support early design stages. Digital tools conventionally used by architects lack appropriate functionalities and do not offer friendly interfaces for the early stages of architectural design. These are the bad news. The good news are twofold: A) hardware already available can help freehand designers to digitally express their first ideas; and b) functionality principles present in experimental software combined with appropriate hardware could successfully provide a friendly and intuitive human-computer interaction in the early stages of architectural design. This paper takes special attention to the way architects interact with computers, how input devices constrain possible interactions and how functionalities can be explored through these interactions. The article summarizes basic principles to be considered in the development of an all-in-one software and create a scenario whereby these principles are simulated on a hypothetical software to be used during the early stages of architectural design.
Russian Identity: Legal Conditions of Formation
Authors: Vasileva Liya
Published: February 2015

In the article the pre-conditions for the forming the russian identity on a legal basis along with an ethnic identity are examined. The legal measures, devoted to strengthening the process of uniting the russian nation and restoration the national peculiarity for the perspective revival of the russian identity are also observed in this article. In the article the author pays special attention to the circumstances, which are in a great demand now, such as: to guarantee the essential development of the national languages, national culture of the russian inhabitants, to protect and support the rights of the cultural autonomous territories. In the article there is also the analysis either of the strategic or of the normative documents, adopted in the regional legislative institutions, which are presented here since they are aimed at forming the russian civil identity. Besides the above mentioned, the author determines and detects the main nowadays trending in the legal regulation system, targeting at approaching the described goals as well. Particularly the author underlines the progressive features in the everydays development of the legal regulative mechanisms, used for restoration and strengthening the russian identity.
Administrative Liability for Illegal Remuneration on Behalf of Legal Person
Authors: Tsirin Artem , Zyryanov Sergey
Published: February 2015

The present article is devoted to problem aspects of administrative responsibility for illegal remuneration on behalf of the organization in the Russian Federation. In the article on the base of law-enforcement practice are analyzed suggestions for improvement of legislative mechanisms of involvement organizations to responsibility for the corruption offenses made from a name or in interests of such organizations. Carrying out researches on the designated subject is provided by the National plan of corruption counteraction for 2014—2015. In Russian law-enforcement practice there are a lot of cases when the organization actively assists in criminal prosecution of the guilty person. However, judges make the organization responsible. Considering the big sizes of sanctions provided by this article, the situation is perceived as injustice and doesn´t promote achievement of the objectives of administrative responsibility. In this regard authors developed the special bases of releasing organization from responsibility in cases when governing bodies actively promote disclosure and investigation of the criminal offence made by interested person.
Protection of Interests of Personality, Society and State against Criminal Intrusions and Others Threats: Problems of Enforcement
Authors: Mikhaylov Valentin
Published: February 2015

Based on the analysis of the practice of application of Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and other laws it is proved that the Russian legal system has developed two groups of rules on the legality of causing harm while protecting interests: Article 37 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which regulates the behavior of individuals, and other legal acts regulating professional activities of the persons concerned. Is proposed to add to Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation a norm, according to which it is not a crime to cause harm to legally protected interests under the lawful performance of professional functions. The necessity to develop an algorithm of a legal assessment of the harm under the circumstances, exceptions to criminality, other than the classification of the offense.
Conditions of Realization of Internal Migration: Legal Aspects
Authors: Vinogradova Polina
Published: February 2015

During the last decades an imbalance in the territorial distribution of population in Russia is increasing. That contributes to the emergence of interethnic tensions. The article is devoted to the process of elaboration of the legal provisions that support internal migration. The author’s attention is focused on decrees of the Russian Federation President related to migration issues and the main trends of the development of legislation in this area. The author explains the necessity of legal regulation of authorities’ power in the area of migration at federal legislation level because of the influence of migration restrictions on constitutional rights of citizens. Creation of effective legal mechanisms of regulation internal migration caused by the need to account the geopolitical interests and the economic and social development of the country and possible change of priorities of trade and economic cooperation, as well as the development of import substitution. The main focus lays on the deterrents for internal migration, overcoming of which is possible by using legal means to identify priority measures. Changing the nature of records at the place of stay from permissive to notification is one of the main instruments that require clarification of the procedures and grounds of such accounting. The availability of the social infrastructure and accessible mechanisms for the use of infrastructure is also an important prerequisite for attracting labor resources. The new institution of law - renting living accommodation for social use and its impact on the development the internal migration are considered in this article as one of said prerequisites. The author has generalized factors of ethnic and religious tension and proposed measures to prevent them.
Collective Management as a Method of Implementation of Author´s and Related Rights in the Customs Union
Authors: Tyunin Mikhail
Published: February 2015

This article is devoted to the collective management of copyright and neighboring rights as one of the most important ways of their implementation in Customs Union, Common Economic Space, Eurasian Economic Union and also ensuring property rights of authors, performers, producers of phonograms and other holders of copyright and neighboring rights in cases, when their practical implementation individually is difficult. World Intellectual Property Organization and UNESCO has repeatedly emphasized the importance of collective management as the most suitable path that avoids the limitations of copyright and related rights with providing legal opportunities for mass use of intellectual property in the new high-tech areas. Questions of collective management of copyright and related rights take a significant place in the directives of the European Union adopted in the last decade. Copyright collecting agency must have the whole spectrum of rights for its operation which will allow it to conclude licensing agreements and ensure their legal clarity.
Restoration of Social Justice and Imposition of Proportionate Punishment in the Context of the Principle Non Bis In Idem
Authors: Andrusenko Sergey
Published: February 2015

The article discusses current issues in the restoration of victim rights by applying one of the fundamental principles of criminal law: the reestablishment of social justice and the commensurability/proportionality of the criminal justice system. Study the problems in the theory of criminal punishment that justify the possibility of increasing the punishment after conviction. The author also analyzes some of the positions of modern medicine which is based on the ability to change the verdict and appointment of new criminal penalties. Insufficient developed changes that were made to the criminal procedure law, can create problems of law enforcement practices that lead to a substantial violation of the rights of victims. The article also examines conflict general principles of criminal law, namely, the restoration of social justice and proportionality of criminal punishment and principle non bis in idem. The author points out significant challenges that may arise in law enforcement and offers solutions.
Corporate Disputes and Development of Alternative Disputes Resolution
Authors: Semilyutina Natalya
Published: February 2015

The article presents analysis of the practice of the corporate disputes resolution in commercial arbitration as well as in the state courts. According to the author the example “Maksimov case” which was often mentioned as an example of a corporate dispute resolved in commercial arbitration but set aside by the state justice proves that the line between corporate disputes and non-corporate dispute is almost invisible even after the legislation has been changed. The attempts to make corporate disputes non-arbitrable makes the regulation of the market relations unpredictable and spoils th investment climate. The so called “pocket arbitration” (or “corporate arbitration”) may be useful for the improvement of intercorporate relations, or resolution of the disputes among professionals. The “one-side” or “optional” arbitration clauses sometimes may serve as a form of investor protection of consumer protection as it gives the weak party advantage of choice of the form of the legal protection of its interests. According to the article, publication of arbitration rules and awards would make arbitration more transparent and more effective. The confidentiality should be preserved for the mediation proceedings. Author gives examples of various mediation proceedings. On the basis of the analysis the author makes recommendations for the improvement of the national legislation. Understanding arbitration and mediation as part of the judicial systems reform in Russia author recommends to use the international standards of regulation reflected in th UNCITRAL Model Arbitration Law.
Exemption from Criminal Responsibility by Virtue of Reconciliation with Injured Party in Case of Neonaticide Committed by a Mother
Authors: Garbatovich Denis
Published: February 2015

The article deals with the grounds on which a person may be relieved of criminal responsibility in connection with reconciliation with the victim. In accordance with Article 76 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that is based on the simultaneous implementation of the following conditions: 1) for the first time a crime of small or average gravity; 2) reconciliation with the victim; 3) compensation of harm caused to the victim. The face in the presence of the above conditions are not necessarily subject to unconditional exemption from criminal liability, this right depends on the discretion of a law enforcement official. Through an analysis of the norms of criminal law, judicial practice addresses the question whether it is permissible to exempt from criminal responsibility in connection with reconciliation with the victim´s mother, who killed her newborn child. Victims can be considered the closest relatives of the murdered child (father, grandparents)who are also relatives and friends in relation to the mother-killer. Victims may initially not interested in bringing her to justice and appropriate compensation to victims can be represented as some Convention and formality. Mother release from criminal responsibility for the murder of a newborn child in such circumstances, does not comply with the principle of justice, and not adequately solves the problem of the criminal code of the Russian Federation for the protection of the rights and freedoms against crime. Therefore, in the presented work provides General guidance on when such exemption from criminal liability is possible, and when it is not desirable.
Legal Status of the Northern Sea Route of the Russian Federation
Authors: Gavrilov Vyachyeslav
Published: February 2015

This article addresses to the key issues of the legal status of the Northern Sea Route in the historical perspective and in accordance with the Russian legislation. It contains the comparative characteristic of the Russian approach to this issue and the Canada´s rule-making activity in this area. It describes the characteristic features of the legal status of the internal waters, exclusive economic zone and some arctic straits of Russia in this context. Gives an answer to the question of its correlation with the norms of contemporary international law of the sea and, in particular, with the UN Convention of 1982. In this regard, the paper emphasizes that relevant Russian and Canadian legislation should be treated as lex specialis in relation to the regulation of navigation in the Arctic coastal areas that provide for higher navigation standards and requirements as compared to the international norms of international law of the sea. It is concluded that the integrity and specificity of the legal status of the Northern Sea Route, as well as the Russia´s ability to control using of it can be justified as by a logistic unity of this national transport communication of Russia and by features of the region, where it passes. Indicated the need for further development of regional and international cooperation in the Arctic and for creation of international instruments defining its terms and content. Here lies the key to the peaceful and effective use of resources and spaces of the Arctic taking into consideration the national interests of Russia and other Arctic countries.
Experiments on Compound Risk in Relation to Simple Risk and to Ambiguity
Authors: Abdellaoui Mohammed , Klibanoff Peter , Placido Lætitia
Published: February 2015

We conduct experiments measuring individual behavior under compound risk, simple risk, and ambiguity. We focus on (1) treatment of compound risks relative to simple risks and (2) the relationship between compound risk attitudes and ambiguity attitudes. We find that compound risks are valued differently than corresponding reduced simple risks. These differences measure compound risk attitudes. These attitudes display more aversion as the reduced probability of the winning event increases. Like Halevy [Halevy Y (2007) Ellsberg revisited: An experimental study. Econometrica 75:503–536], we find an association between compound risk reduction and ambiguity neutrality. However, in contrast to the almost perfect identification in Halevy’s data, we find a substantially weaker relation in both directions. First, a majority of our ambiguity-neutral subjects fail to reduce compound risk. Second, almost a quarter of our subjects who reduce compound risk are nonneutral to ambiguity. All of the latter come from the more quantitatively sophisticated part of our subject pool.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1953 .

This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
Optimizing Bus Bridging Services in Response to Disruptions of Urban Transit Rail Networks
Authors: Jin Jian Gang , Teo Kwong Meng , Odoni Amedeo R.
Published: February 2015

With growing dependence of many cities on urban mass transit, even limited disruptions of public transportation networks can lead to widespread confusion and significant productivity losses. A need exists for systematic approaches to developing efficient responses to minimize such negative impacts. We present an optimization-based approach that responds to degradations of urban transit rail networks by introducing smartly designed bus bridging services that take into consideration commuter travel demand at the time of the disruption. The approach consists of three fundamental steps, namely, (1) a column generation procedure to dynamically generate demand-responsive candidate bus routes, (2) a path-based multicommodity network flow model to identify the most effective combination of these candidate bus routes, and (3) another optimization-based procedure to determine simultaneously the optimal allocation of available vehicle resources among the selected routes and corresponding headways. The approach is applied to two case studies defined using actual data. The results show that the proposed approach can be carried out efficiently and that adding nonintuitive bus routes to the standard bus bridging services can significantly reduce the average travel delay. Moreover, the approach distributes delay more equitably. Many realistic operating constraints can also be handled.
Experiences of intermediate care among older people: a phenomenological study
Authors: Martinsen Bente , Norlyk Annelise , Lomborg Kirsten
Published: February 2015

In the UK, intermediate care (IC) is conceived as a range of service models aimed at ‘care closer to home’ and involves the expansion and development of community health and social services. Intermediate care in Denmark is more clearly defined, where approximately 45% of all the counties in Denmark have established a community-based IC unit in which public health-care services are offered to older people who have completed their hospital treatment. The impact of this organisational initiative is yet to be explored. In particular, the knowledge of the patient perspective is sparse and contradictory. The aim of the study was to explore how older people experience being in an IC unit after hospital discharge and before returning to their home. Data were drawn from 12 semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed using a phenomenological approach. The essence of being in an IC unit was envisioned as ‘moments of conditional relief’ that emerged from the following constituents: ‘accessible, embracing care’, ‘a race against time’, ‘meals—conventions with modifications’, ‘contact on uneven terms’, ‘life on others’ terms’, and ‘informal but essential help’.
Development and early application of the Scottish Community Nursing Workload Measurement Tool
Authors: Grafen May , Mackenzie Fiona C
Published: February 2015

This article describes the development and early application of the Scottish Community Nursing Workload Measurement Tool, part of a suite of tools aiming to ensure a consistent approach to measuring nursing workload across NHS Scotland. The tool, which enables community nurses to record and report their actual workload by collecting information on six categories of activity, is now being used by all NHS boards as part of a triangulated approach. Data being generated by the tool at national level include indications that approximately 50% of band 6 district nurses' time is spent in face-to-face and non-face-to-face contact and planned sessions with patients, and that over 60% of face-to-face contacts are at ‘moderate’ and ‘complex’ levels of intervention (2012 data). These data are providing hard evidence of key elements of community nursing activity and practice that will enable informed decisions about workforce planning to be taken forward locally and nationally. The article features an account of the early impact of the tool's implementation in an NHS board by an associate director of nursing. Positive effects from implementation include the generation of reliable data to inform planning decisions, identification of issues around nursing time spent on administrative tasks, clarification of school nursing roles, and information being fed back to teams on various aspects of performance.
District nursing practice for the death of patients subject to deprivation of liberty safeguards
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: February 2015

The Chief Coroner of England and Wales has issued guidance to coroners on whether the death of a person subject to a deprivation of liberty safeguard should be subject to an inquest. The guidance was issued in response to the tenfold increase in people being made subject to the safeguards since the Supreme Court's decision in Cheshire West and Chester Council v P [2014] . It is the Chief Coroner's view that all deaths where a person is subject to a deprivation of liberty safeguard or Court of Protection welfare order allowing a deprivation of liberty must be investigated by the coroner with an inquest held. This article considers the impact of the Chief Coroner's guidance on district nurse practice. It discusses whether a person subject to a deprivation of liberty safeguard is in state detention and whether an inquest is necessary in every case.
Common problems in wound care: caring for the skin around wounds
Authors: Dealey Carol
Published: February 2015

This article is the first in a monthly series which will address some of the common problems in wound care. Each article will discuss the nature of the problem and suggest appropriate management strategies.
Issues for nursing in 1995
Authors: Castledine George
Published: February 2015

Now would seem to be an opportune time to reflect upon nursing in the 1990s. First of all, it is worth reviewing the wider concerns in health care today. Consumers' attitudes to the NHS are changing. The Patient's Charter (Department of Health (DoH), 1991) has encouraged people to seek more detailed information about services and standards, emphasising that any complaints must be dealt with more speedily and effectively. This has led to a rise in public dissatisfaction with doctors and a lack of trust in managers.
Complaints
Authors: Young Ann
Published: February 2015

Ignorantia juris neminem excusat: Ignorance of the law does not excuse. We are all presumed to know the law in this country and cannot plead ignorance of it as a defence in a legal dispute. This presumption applies to every citizen. Every professional therefore requires at least a basic legal knowledge; as a matter of sound common-sense we need to know when our actions or omissions have legal consequences. The legal accountability of a professional can be seen, arguably, as the prime form of accountability for professionals.
Primary nursing care of patients who have had a stroke
Authors: Palmer Sue
Published: February 2015

This article describes the care of two patients who had had a stroke. It explores how their primary nurse and her colleagues learned to identify communication needs, and examines the development of strategies to help meet those needs.
Developing a taste for the good life
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: February 2015

Growing, cooking and eating healthy food can be covered in many areas of the curriculum and lends itself to topic work at all key stages, says Dawn Francis-Pester.
Bold and beautiful — that's Art Deco
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: February 2015

Karen Hart provides step-by-step art activities which will fuel children's fascination for this influential style, and talks to a school which has created its own Art Deco project.