bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El significado del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos para el derecho penal nacional alemán
Authors: EISELE JÖRG
Published: October 2016

El Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos (CEDH) está clasificado por la doctrina imperante en la Repú­ blica Federal de Alemania,sólo como una ley federal ordinaria. Sin embargo, tiene que ser considerado tanto para la interpretación del Código de Procedimiento Penal como para la de la Constitución. Dicha interpretación conforme con la Convención se basa en la suposición de que los legisladores alemanes en general no quieren vulnerar sus obligaciones de derecho internacional. Por tanto, el CEDH otorga garantías a los acusados para cada caso individual,que van más allá de los derechos conferidos por procedimiento penal. Las garantías del CEDH han de interpretarse de forma independiente (autónoma) de los conceptos del derecho nacional,no obstante, el texto de los idiomas oficiales del Tratado, a saber, inglés y francés, es prevalente. Los organismos nacionales de persecución penal y los tribunales han de considerar, en particular, las decisiones del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (CEDH), que tienen una "función normativa de guía" más allá de los efectos para el caso particular.
El abismo que separa la Constitución de 1991 y los indígenas que habitan en Bogotá, D.C.,… veinte años después
Authors: FAJARDO SÁNCHEZ LUIS ALFONSO
Published: October 2016

Los estudios socio-jurídicos hacen especial énfasis en analizar el impacto de las normas jurídicas en la vida y la cotidianidad de los actores sociales. En este caso, al evaluar el impacto de la Constitución Política, veinte (20) años después de su aprobación por parte de la ANC, respecto de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, no basta con estudiar la amplia y generosa jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional sobre este tema; tenemos que estudiar las políticas públicas, los planes y programas que establecen de manera clara los compromisos y recursos asignados en el marco de los planes de desarrollo nacionales y municipales, que permiten asegurar el goce y disfrute de Estados de derecho que tan ampliamente consagró la Carta Magna y los instrumentos internacionales de protección de derechos humanos para nuestros pueblos originarios.

 

Igualmente, el Distrito Capital se tardó veinte (20) años en aprobar, mediante Acuerdo 359 de 2009 “Por el cual se establecen los lineamientos de política pública para los indígenas en Bogotá, D.C., y se dictan otras disposiciones”, lo que puede ser el inicio para la creación de una verdadera política pública para los pueblos indígenas que habitan la capital de la República.

 

El abismo que separa la proclamación de los derechos en la Constitución de 1991 y la garantía y disfrute de los mismos es, sin duda alguna, las políticas públicas. Entonces, analizaremos en este artículo esos programas de la administración municipal que intentan satisfacer las demandas de nuestros pueblos originarios y la percepción que tienen los indígenas beneficiarios de estos programas; es decir, se hará un balance sobre su aplicación.
Naturaleza jurídica de los contratos en las empresas sociales del Estado
Authors: WONG BALDIRIS YOLANDA
Published: October 2016

La salud es bien superior del hombre y misión esencial de los Estados sociales de derecho como el nuestro, y así lo reconoce nuestra Carta Magna en sus artículos 2º y 49.

 

El Estado descentralizó y masificó ese cometido esencial a través de sus empresas sociales, brindándoles herramientas administrativas, patrimoniales y jurídicas propias y especiales.

 

Las empresas sociales del Estado acuden, para su misión, a la contratación de servicios y bienes, relaciones jurídicas de interés esencialmente público, pero que el Legislador sometió en la Ley 100 de 1993 al derecho privado, con posibilidad de incluir cláusulas exorbitantes públicas que no comulgan con la autonomía de la voluntad de los contratos de derecho privado.
Las relaciones exteriores y los tratados internacionales en la Constitución de 1991
Authors: MOLINA PELÁEZ SANDRA MILENA
Published: October 2016

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la evolución constitucional respecto del tema de relaciones exterio- res y tratados internacionales, hasta culminar con la normatividad establecida en la Constitución de 1991.

 

Palabras clave: Relaciones exteriores, control constitucional de los tratados internacionales, Constitución de 1991
¿Por qué el derecho positivo está en crisis?
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ M. EDUARDO
Published: October 2016

Este artículo reflexiona sobre los determinantes que vienen incidiendo sobre la crisis del derecho positivo propio o más asociado al modelo del Estado benefactor, con particular énfasis en el caso colombiano. En este sentido, el artículo desarrolla tres ideas básicas al respecto, a saber: en primer lugar, sugiere que durante el siglo XX el ordenamiento jurídico es de naturaleza positivista y kelseniana; en segundo lugar, que el ordenamiento jurídico es altamente concentrado, centralizado y jerarquizado; en tercer lugar, que este modelo a finales de siglo XX entra en crisis gracias a múltiples determinaciones debidas a las transformaciones de los procesos de trabajo y a la dinámica de los movimientos sociales. En conclusión, se advierte un proceso de descodificación, de pérdida de sistematización del ordenamiento jurídico y la aparición de nuevos ordenamientos jurídicos organizados bajo lógicas distintas a la codificación hege- mónica precedente.
La libertad de la persona en la Ley Fundamental de Alemania según la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional Federal
Authors: Lorenz Dieter
Published: October 2016

Tras las garantías jurídicas de la Edad Media y de la Edad Moderna temprana (Carta Magna; Ley de Habeas Corpus), la Ley Fundamental alemana  garantiza jurídica y -materialmente la libertad de la persona como derecho fundamental (art. 2, inciso 2, frase 2). Esta garantía se complementa con la garantía judicial para adoptar privaciones de libertad (art. 104, incisos 2, 3). Su contenido actual de protección ha sido moldeado, en esencia, por la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional Federal que ha destacado el peso especial de la libertad frente a intromisiones preventivas (detención preventiva, custodia de seguridad) y ha exigido un aseguramiento complementario por medidas procesales. Así mismo la libertad se ha proyectado de manera variable respecto de distintas situaciones de los extranjeros (asilo, expulsión, entrega). También el Tribunal Constitucional Federal ha reconocido y fortalecido el derecho de autodeterminación de los enfermos mentales en relación con las limitaciones a la libertad y el tratamiento médico (libertad de permanecer enfermo). La Corte Europea de Derechos Humanos y el Tribunal Constitucional Federal Alemán han impulsado que las medidas de custodia de seguridad hayan sido seriamente reformadas (separación de la ejecución penal, resocialización).
Seguridad ciudadana y los sistemas de videovigilancia. Límites, garantías y regulación
Authors: De la Serna Bilbao Maria Nieves
Published: October 2016

Las nuevas tecnologías han producido cambios insospechados y han planteado para el derecho innumerables retos. Uno de ellos es el que suscita la videovigilancia, cuya finalidad, entre otras muchas, es ofrecer mayor seguridad a los ciudadanos. El uso de estos sistemas por parte de las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad como un instrumento para prevenir alteraciones de la seguridad ciudadana en lugares públicos suscitó muchos interrogantes, en especial, la vulneración que el uso de tales sistemas puede plantear al derecho a la intimidad en sentido amplio. Para legitimar su uso y evitar que se produzcan injerencias del poder público en el “derecho a la vida” de las personas en España, fue aprobada la denominada Ley de Videovigilancia, texto legal que constituye el marco normativo aplicable a la utilización de los sistemas de grabación de imágenes y sonidos por las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad en el cumplimiento de las competencias encomendadas por la Constitución española respecto de la protección del libre ejercicio de los derechos y libertades, todo ello en aras a la protección de la seguridad ciudadana.
Transcriptome Sequencing of Diverse Peanut (Arachis) Wild Species and the Cultivated Species Reveals a Wealth of Untapped Genetic Variability
Authors: Chopra Ratan , Burow Gloria , Simpson Charles E , Chagoya Jennifer , Mudge Joann , Burow Mark D
Published: October 2016

To test the hypothesis that the cultivated peanut species possesses almost no molecular variability, we sequenced a diverse panel of 22 Arachis accessions representing Arachis hypogaea botanical classes, A-, B-, and K- genome diploids, a synthetic amphidiploid, and a tetraploid wild species. RNASeq was performed on pools of three tissues, and de novo assembly was performed. Realignment of individual accession reads to transcripts of the cultivar OLin identified 306,820 biallelic SNPs. Among 10 naturally occurring tetraploid accessions, 40,382 unique homozygous SNPs were identified in 14,719 contigs. In eight diploid accessions, 291,115 unique SNPs were identified in 26,320 contigs. The average SNP rate among the 10 cultivated tetraploids was 0.5, and among eight diploids was 9.2 per 1000 bp. Diversity analysis indicated grouping of diploids according to genome classification, and cultivated tetraploids by subspecies. Cluster analysis of variants indicated that sequences of B genome species were the most similar to the tetraploids, and the next closest diploid accession belonged to the A genome species. A subset of 66 SNPs selected from the dataset was validated; of 782 SNP calls, 636 (81.32%) were confirmed using an allele-specific discrimination assay. We conclude that substantial genetic variability exists among wild species. Additionally, significant but lesser variability at the molecular level occurs among accessions of the cultivated species. This survey is the first to report significant SNP level diversity among transcripts, and may explain some of the phenotypic differences observed in germplasm surveys. Understanding SNP variants in the Arachis accessions will benefit in developing markers for selection.
A Genetic Screen To Assess Dopamine Receptor (DopR1) Dependent Sleep Regulation inDrosophila
Authors: Jiang Yiqin , Pitmon Elise , Berry Jack , Wolf Fred W , McKenzie Zach , Lebestky Tim J
Published: October 2016

Sleep is an essential behavioral state of rest that is regulated by homeostatic drives to ensure a balance of sleep and activity, as well as independent arousal mechanisms in the central brain. Dopamine has been identified as a critical regulator of both sleep behavior and arousal. Here, we present results of a genetic screen that selectively restored the Dopamine Receptor (DopR/DopR1/dumb) to specific neuroanatomical regions of the adult Drosophila brain to assess requirements for DopR in sleep behavior. We have identified subsets of the mushroom body that utilizes DopR in daytime sleep regulation. These data are supported by multiple examples of spatially restricted genetic rescue data in discrete circuits of the mushroom body, as well as immunohistochemistry that corroborates the localization of DopR protein within mushroom body circuits. Independent loss of function data using an inducible RNAi construct in the same specific circuits also supports a requirement for DopR in daytime sleep. Additional circuit activation of discrete DopR+ mushroom body neurons also suggests roles for these subpopulations in sleep behavior. These conclusions support a new separable function for DopR in daytime sleep regulation within the mushroom body. This daytime regulation is independent of the known role of DopR in nighttime sleep, which is regulated within the Fan-Shaped Body (FSB). This study provides new neuroanatomical loci for exploration of dopaminergic sleep functions in Drosophila, and expands our understanding of sleep regulation during the day vs. night.
Multiple Genes Cause Postmating Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation in theDrosophila virilisGroup
Authors: Ahmed-Braimah Yasir H
Published: October 2016

Understanding the genetic basis of speciation is a central problem in evolutionary biology. Studies of reproductive isolation have provided several insights into the genetic causes of speciation, especially in taxa that lend themselves to detailed genetic scrutiny. Reproductive barriers have usually been divided into those that occur before zygote formation (prezygotic) and after (postzygotic), with the latter receiving a great deal of attention over several decades. Reproductive barriers that occur after mating but before zygote formation [postmating prezygotic (PMPZ)] are especially understudied at the genetic level. Here, I present a phenotypic and genetic analysis of a PMPZ reproductive barrier between two species of the Drosophila virilis group: D. americana and D. virilis. This species pair shows strong PMPZ isolation, especially when D. americana males mate with D. virilis females: ∼99% of eggs laid after these heterospecific copulations are not fertilized. Previous work has shown that the paternal loci contributing to this incompatibility reside on two chromosomes, one of which (chromosome 5) likely carries multiple factors. The other (chromosome 2) is fixed for a paracentric inversion that encompasses nearly half the chromosome. Here, I present two results. First, I show that PMPZ in this species cross is largely due to defective sperm storage in heterospecific copulations. Second, using advanced intercross and backcross mapping approaches, I identify genomic regions that carry genes capable of rescuing heterospecific fertilization. I conclude that paternal incompatibility between D. americana males and D. virilis females is underlain by four or more genes on chromosomes 2 and 5.
Recurrence of Chromosome Rearrangements and Reuse of DNA Breakpoints in the Evolution of the Triticeae Genomes
Authors: Li Wanlong , Challa Ghana S , Zhu Huilan , Wei Wenjie
Published: October 2016

Chromosomal rearrangements (CRs) play important roles in karyotype diversity and speciation. While many CR breakpoints have been characterized at the sequence level in yeast, insects, and primates, little is known about the structure of evolutionary CR breakpoints in plant genomes, which are much more dynamic in genome size and sequence organization. Here, we report identification of breakpoints of a translocation between chromosome arms 4L and 5L of Triticeae, which is fixed in several species, including diploid wheat and rye, by comparative mapping and analysis of the draft genome and chromosome survey sequences of the Triticeae species. The wheat translocation joined the ends of breakpoints downstream of a WD40 gene on 4AL and a gene of the PMEI family on 5AL. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene in 5AL junction was significantly restructured. Rye and wheat share the same position for the 4L breakpoint, but the 5L breakpoint positions are not identical, although very close in these two species, indicating the recurrence of 4L/5L translocations in the Triticeae. Although barley does not carry the translocation, collinearity across the breakpoints was violated by putative inversions and/or transpositions. Alignment with model grass genomes indicated that the translocation breakpoints coincided with ancient inversion junctions in the Triticeae ancestor. Our results show that the 4L/5L translocation breakpoints represent two CR hotspots reused during Triticeae evolution, and support breakpoint reuse as a widespread mechanism in all eukaryotes. The mechanisms of the recurrent translocation and its role in Triticeae evolution are also discussed.
Using two web-based addiction Stroops to measure the attentional bias in adults with Internet Gaming Disorder
Authors: Jeromin Franziska , Rief Winfrief , Barke Antonia
Published: October 2016

Background and aims

People with substance abuse and pathological gamblers show an attentional bias. In a laboratory setting, we found an attentional bias using an addiction Stroop in adults with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). We aimed at investigating this effect using two web-based experiments.

Methods

Study 1: Gamers with IGD, casual gamers, and non-gamers (N = 81, 28.1 ± 7.8 years) completed a web-based addiction Stroop with a fully randomized word order. They saw computer-related and neutral words in four colors and indicated the word color via keypress. Study 2: Gamers with IGD, casual gamers, and non-gamers (N = 87, 23.4 ± 5.1 years) completed a web-based addiction Stroop and a classical Stroop (incongruent color and neutral words), which both had a block design. We expected that in both studies, only the gamers with IGD would react more slowly to computer-related words in the addiction Stroop. All groups were expected to react more slowly to incongruent color words in the classical Stroop.

Results

In neither study did the gamers with IGD differ in their reaction times to computer-related words compared to neutral words. In Study 2, all groups reacted more slowly to incongruent color words than to neutral words confirming the validity of the online reaction time assessment.

Discussion

Gamers with IGD did not show a significant attentional bias. IGD may differ from substance abuse and pathological gambling in this respect; alternatively experimenting on the Internet may have introduced error variance that made it harder to detect a bias.
Ripplon Modes of Two Segregated Bose-Einstein Condensates in Confined Geometry
Authors: Phat Tran Huu , Quyet Hoang Van
Published: October 2016

The ripplon modes of two segregated Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) confined by one and two hard walls are respectively studied by means of the hydrodynamic approach within the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) theory. For the system at rest we find that due to the spatial restriction the dispersion relations are of the form \(\omega \sim {k^2}\) in low momentum limit for both cases, while for the system in motion parallel to the interface the dispersion relations for both cases are \(\omega \sim k\) at low momentum limit and, furthermore, the system becomes unstable.
On the CP Violation Phase in a Neutrino Mixing Model with an A4 Flavor Symmetry
Authors: Van Phi Quang , Van Nguyen Thi Hong
Published: October 2016

Neutrino masses and mixing in an extended standard model acquiring an A4 flavour symmetry are considered. The corresponding three-neutrino mixing matrix obtained via a pertur- bative method allows us to determine the Dirac CP violation phase (\delta_{CP}) as a function of the mixing angles (\theta_{12}, \theta_{23}, \theta_{13}). Then, numerical values and distributions of \delta_{CP} are given. The latter values are quite close to the global fits of the experimental data for both the normal ordering and inverse ordering of the neutrino masses.
Optical properties of Eu3+ ions in boro-tellurite glass
Authors: Tam Ngo Van , Tuyen Vu Phi , Do Phan Van
Published: October 2016

The excitation, emission spectra and and lifetime of Eu-doped borotellurite glasses (BTe) have been investigated. The sideband phonon energy and electron-phonon coupling strength (g) have been found. The intensity parameters Ωλ were calculated from the emission spectrum. These parameters were used to predict radiative properties such as transition probabilities (AR), calculated branching ratios (βR) and stimulated emission cross-sections (σλp) for 5D0→7HJHFJ transitions.
Analytical Possibilities of Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis Methods
Authors: Phu Vu Duc , Khiem Le Hong , Kobzev A. P. , Kulik M.
Published: October 2016

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of three samples containing various elements in the near-surface layers. The depth profiles of all the elements of different atomic masses from hydrogen to silver were investigated by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA). The experiments were performed by using the low-energy (about 2 MeV) 4He+ ion beams. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of the RBS and ERDA methods in the investigation of depth profiles of any mass element with an atomic concentration of about 0.01 at.% and a depth resolution close to 10 nm.
Withdrawn: Phenomenological Study of Coexistence of Magnetism and Superconductivity	in Heavy Fermions Systems by Multi-component Ginzburg-Landau Functional
Authors: Hinh Nguyen Van , Lan Nguyen Tri
Published: October 2016

This article which was published online on 16 October 2016 has been withdrawn at the request of the editors and the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
Synthesis of Cu\(^+\)/bipyridyl Based Complex Towards Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application
Authors: Son Vuong , Ha Nguyen Ngoc , Thuy Luong Thi Thu , Thinh Tran Quang , Tuan Mai Anh
Published: October 2016

This study aims to synthesize the Cu+/bipyridyl-based complex using Sonogashira cross coupling. The structure of the ligand and the complex were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; by single crystal X-ray diffraction and by UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. The obtained experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. The complex is a potential candidate to be the photo sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Postgraduate Medical Courses: A Trainee Centred Approach
Authors: Bondin Daniela , Advani Rajeev , Killick Neil , Kumar Nirmal
Published: October 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. BackgroundImplementation of European Working Time Directive has changed the face of postgraduate medical training from a traditional apprentice model to an objective based competency model. In order to attain competencies set out in training curricula, courses have become commonplace. Not surprisingly, the number of medical courses being offered across all specialities has increased dramatically. Nonetheless, with a reduction in future study budgets and a lack of quality control of such courses, trainees can become increasingly demanding on what they seek from a course.AimsTo improve the quality of medical educational courses, the aim of the study was to investigate what trainees desire when attending a medical course. The study also targeted exposing aspects that make the course more experientially valuable for the trainee.MethodsA prospective cross sectional study on trainees attending a National Otolaryngology Course was performed in 2014. Trainees were asked to complete a 31-item questionnaire aimed at capturing: 1) What trainees desired from a course 2) How trainees felt a course is best organised and delivered 3) Confounding factors that affected trainees' perception. The questionnaire was given to all course delegates including Foundation Programme Doctors, Core Surgical Trainees, and General Practice Trainees.ResultsWhat Trainees desired:100% of trainees preferred a one day course compared to courses spanning over multiple days with 70.8% preferring the course conducted during the week. When applying for the course 95.8% preferred an electronic application and 70.8% would preferentially select to pay electronically (as opposed to cash/cheques). 75.0% of trainees would be more likely to consider to attend a course if the fee was ≤£100The delivery of the course:58.3% of trainees would recommend lecture durations of approximately 30 minutes, while 75.0% would recommend OSCE stations to run between 10-15minutes.Major confounding factors:The quality of the catering was found to be one of the confounding factors with 75.0% of trainees acknowledging that the quality of the catering would have an affect on their perception of the course. 70.2% of trainees recognised that the geographic location of the course would also play a role in their perception of the course.ConclusionCourses will continue to remain an imperative aspect of the trainees' training as it allows trainees to fulfil necessary requirements for progression, demonstrate a commitment to speciality and willingness to keep up-to-date with current practice. We present this list of aspects for organisers to consider prior to establishing further courses to help drive and improve their quality. The study has given trainees a voice on their preferences and expectations when attending such courses and we aspire trainees to reflect and demand more from their course organisers.
A integração das Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) com a rede assistencial no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Konder Mariana Teixeira , O’Dwyer Gisele
Published: October 2016

No município do Rio de Janeiro, a implantação das Unidades de Pronto Atendimento 24h (UPA) foi o fio condutor da política de saúde e modelo para estruturação da rede de urgência e emergência (RUE). Este estudo analisou a integração das UPAs na rede assistencial do município. Foram realizadas nove entrevistas, com gestores centrais e locais, analisadas à luz da Teoria da Estruturação de Giddens. Resultados mostraram pouca integração das UPAs, por deficiências estruturais da rede de serviços e fragmentação gerencial, pela ausência de governança unificada. Apesar do investimento político e financeiro, essa estratégia não logrou contornar os problemas de integração entre as unidades de saúde e, ainda, ressaltou a baixa prioridade governamental para a atenção básica. Assim, as UPAs pouco contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de redes de atenção à saúde e para a reorientação do modelo assistencial.
A Phase I/II Study of the Investigational Drug Alisertib in Combination With Abiraterone and Prednisone for Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progressing on Abiraterone
Authors: Lin Jianqing , Patel Sheel A. , Sama Ashwin R. , Hoffman-Censits Jean H. , Kennedy Brooke , Kilpatrick Deborah , Ye Zhong , Yang Hushan , Mu Zhaomei , Leiby Benjamin , Lewis Nancy , Cristofanilli Massimo , Kelly William Kevin
Published: October 2016

Lessons Learned

Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer did not tolerate the combination of alisertib with abiraterone and prednisone. There was no clear signal indicating that adding alisertib might be beneficial for those patients progressing on abiraterone.

Background.

We hypothesized that Aurora A kinase (AK) contributes to castrate resistance in prostate cancer (PCa) and that inhibiting AK with alisertib can resensitize PCa cells to androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor abiraterone.

Methods.

This was a phase I/II trial to determine the safety and efficacy of alisertib when given in combination with abiraterone plus prednisone (AP). Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients were treated with dose escalation (alisertib at 30, 40, and 50 mg orally b.i.d., days 1–7 every 21 days) per standard 3+3 design.

Results.

Nine of 43 planned subjects were enrolled. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached, and the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) included neutropenic fever (1 of 9), neutropenia (1 of 9), fatigue with memory impairment (1 of 9), and diarrhea/mucositis (1 of 9). No prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decrease or circulating tumor cell (CTC) changes were observed during the study. Pharmacodynamically, adding alisertib did not affect total testosterone or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels. There was some change in neuroendocrine markers after therapy. Mean duration on study was 2.5 months. The trial was terminated early.

Conclusion.

A tolerable dose of alisertib in combination with AP in mCRPC was not established in this study. There was no clear signal indicating that alisertib might be beneficial for patients with mCRPC progressing on abiraterone.
Carbonation of a low-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete
Authors: Khan M. S. H. , Castel A. , Noushini A.
Published: October 2016

The carbonation resistance of a blended slag and low-calcium fly ash (FA) geopolymer concrete was investigated. The geopolymer binder studied was composed of 90% low-calcium FA and 10% ground granulated blast-furnace slag. The alkalinity of the pore solution plays a pivotal role in carbonation progression and subsequent corrosion initiation. pH profiles were measured to assess the pore solution alkalinity. Phenolphthalein indicator was used to measure the carbonation depth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and quantification were carried out to identify and quantify the carbonation products. The obtained pH profiles illustrated a wider semi-carbonation zone in the geopolymer specimens, although the pH drop was insignificant in most cases. XRD analysis revealed that nahcolite mainly formed at 3% carbon dioxide concentration and led to a significant drop in pH values. The results further demonstrated that 1% accelerated carbonation replicated the natural carbonation process well, with only natron identified as a carbonation product. This work contributes to the assessment of the risk of carbonation-induced reinforcement corrosion in low-calcium FA geopolymer concrete.
A methodology of pavement design for upgrading gravel roads
Authors: Otto Andrew , Tumwesige Robert
Published: October 2016

In many developing countries, roads start their lives as footpaths. These paths later develop into vehicle tracks, engineered natural surfaces, gravel roads and, eventually, bituminous roads. This paper is concerned with the stage of transition of roads from gravel to bituminous standard. This transition is common in many countries that have gravel roads as a significant proportion of the road network. On many gravel roads, it is not uncommon to find particles larger than 40 mm in the gravel matrix. During upgrading of a gravel road to a bituminous standard, it is common to incorporate some of the existing gravel layer in the new pavement. A dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) is frequently used to assess the strength of the existing gravel layer. However, if the pavement being tested contains a high proportion of large and coarse gravels, a DCP will produce highly variable results. The issue therefore is how to assess adequately the strength of the existing layer in order to produce a more cost-effective pavement design. This paper proposes a method of combining deflection and DCP tests for an effective pavement design.
Non-stationary concept of accident prediction
Authors: Mansourkhaki Ali , Karimpour Abolfazl , Sadoghi Yazdi Hadi
Published: October 2016

This paper aims to develop a model to improve road safety based on the spatial and temporal features of accident occurrence. The spatial distribution characteristic of an accident follows a probability density function (PDF) that can be estimated with parametric functions. Estimating the PDF of accidents can help road specialists recognise accident-prone locations and improve road safety through countermeasures. In this study, the PDF of accidents is estimated using Gaussian mixture models. Gaussian models possess local and density information about accident distributions. For the prediction step, the parameters of the Gaussian models are predicted by means of a recursive least-squares approach. The major feature of this study is that the proposed model can accurately predict physical points where accidents are more likely to take place in the upcoming year. Moreover, because of the non-stationary feature of accidents, the proposed model is online, implying that it would update itself annually. The range of errors obtained from the results of cross-validation with existing data provides a very good indication of the accuracy of the proposed model.
Military logistics and national currency in international tourism in historical and geographical perspective: the Latin American experience
Authors: Smyrnov I.
Published: October 2016

Revealed the relationship of military logistics and national currency in the international tourism in historical and geographical perspectives on the Concista example, that is the Spanish conquest of Central and South America, including the Aztec and Inca empires in the XV-XVI centuries. Special attention is devoted to seizure by Spanish conquistadors led by Hernan Cortes Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico) and geologistical aspects of the operation.
Analysis and prognostication of changes of concentrations of dioxide of sulphur in the atmosphere of industrial city (on the example of the Gdansk region)
Authors: Bunyakova Yu.
Published: October 2016

On the basis of method of theory of chaos the analysis of temporal rows of concentrations of dioxide of sulphur is executed in Gdynia and Sopot (Gdansk region, Poland) and the spectrum of cross-correlation dimensions, confirmative the presence of corresponding chaos, is expected. The got numeral estimations comport with data on the spectrum of dimensions of Lyapunov, dimension of Kaplan-York and entropy of Kolmogorov. The estimation of limit of predictability of method of short-term prognosis is given.
Incomplete ear lobe cleft repair with 100% trichloroacetic acid
Authors: Muthuvel Kumaresan , Sekar Shanmuga , M. S. Deepa
Published: October 2016

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of 100% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for the incomplete ear lobe cleft repair.

Methods: A total of 30 females with bilateral incomplete ear lobe cleft were included in the study group. Under local anaesthesia, 100% TCA was applied to the abraded surface with the help of toothpick till frosting was achieved and the wound was closed with a micropore tape. Patients were reviewed weekly and 100% TCA was applied until frosting was achieved, without abrasion on the edges of cleft once a week till complete closure of the ear lobe cleft.

Results: Out of 30 patients 28 (93.33 %) had complete closure of cleft. Two patients (6.66%) had incomplete closure even after four application of TCA. Temporary post inflammatory pigmentation was seen in 22 (73.33%) patients which subsided one week after the last TCA application. Minimum number of sittings required was one and maximum required for complete closure was 3 sessions.

Conclusions: Multiple applications, temporary post inflammatory pigmentation, inward rolling of edges, mild scarring as a result of secondary healing of the wound and failure to repair the bigger clefts were the disadvantages of this technique.
Esthesioneuroblastoma: A case with prolonged disease control
Authors: Coelho Andreia , Águas Lúcia , Osório Lígia , Linhares Paulo
Published: October 2016

Esthesioneuroblastoma, a rare tumor arising from the olfactory vault, varies from being indolent to extremely aggressive. Owing to its rarity, the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of the disease are not well defined. According to a number of small observational retrospective studies and case reports, the disease’s actual treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy (either as a single treatment or used in combination), depending on the disease’s staging. Optimal treatment has not been standardized, particularly regarding the role of chemotherapy. We describe a case of advanced esthesioneuroblastoma with prolonged disease control, subjected to a multimodal therapy with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, illustrating the benefits of this approach in managing a patient with esthesioneuroblastoma. Herein, we analyze the most important and controversial issues of this type of neoplasia.
Einsteins Hollandse cirkel
Authors: Van Delft Dirk
Published: October 2016

Einstein’s Holland Circle. Introduction.While he was formulating his General Theory of Relativity and working out its implications, Einstein liked to test his ideas against the accumulated experience of Dutch colleagues. As an offspring of the exhibition ‘Einstein & Friends’ in Museum Boerhaave, we present a collection of essays about Einstein’s contacts in the Netherlands.
YOUTH’S FUTURE ORIENTATION AND WELL-BEING: MATERIALISM AND CONCERNS WITH EDUCATION AND CAREER AMONG TURKISH AND NORWEGIAN YOUTH
Authors: Türken Salman , Nafstad Hilde Eileen , Phelps Joshua Marvle , Blakar Rolv Mikkel
Published: October 2016

Youths’ well-being and subjectivity are strongly related to prevailing political, economic, and social conditions. Neoliberalism has extensively permeated societies worldwide, changing the way individuals, especially youth, make sense of their surroundings and themselves. There is thus an increasing need to investigate how youth subjectivities are influenced in contemporary societies that are under the influence of neoliberalism. Through an analysis of the future orientation of youth, we can investigate discourses that shape youth subjectivities. In this study, we perform a Foucauldian discourse analysis of the future orientation of youth — high school students, from two national contexts, Turkey and Norway — who were asked to write an essay on their personal futures. We investigate what dominant discourses are revealed in the youths’ writings and how they may influence their subjectivities and well-being. We detail two frameworks of discourses, one pertaining to materialism and the other pertaining to education and career, that our participants drew upon in their writings. We relate these discourses to neoliberalism and discuss the extent to which youth constitute themselves as neoliberal subjects of their respective societies. We discuss how these discourses may also be related to their well-being in diverse ways.
La justicia especial para la paz: modelo de justicia transicional acorde con las orientaciones y tendencias modernas del Derecho y de la justicia
Authors: Gómez Pavajeau Carlos Arturo
Published: October 2016

El artículo analiza las implicaciones constitucionales de los acuerdos de paz acerca del conflicto armado en Colombia. Para ello, examina normas constitucionales e instrumentos internacionales sobre derechos humanos, confrontando los acuerdos con criterios de justicia en los ámbitos nacional e internacional, para resaltar el papel de la justicia frente a la solución definitiva del conflicto. Mediante la metodología consistente en oponer dicotomías para superarlas, revisa las implicaciones de la justicia formal y de la justicia material, estableciendo la superioridad de esta y su relación con la justicia social; analiza las diferencias entre una justicia individual y una justicia global, para demostrar la necesidad de conseguir una justicia integral; contrasta la justicia alternativa a la justicia tradicional, para proponer una justicia integrada; argumenta que la justicia basada en el silogismo formal debe ser superada por una justicia basada en la equidad, para obtener una justicia anclada en la Constitución, con carácter universal y concentrada en los derechos humanos; postula que la justicia soportada en la expiación y en la retribución debe ser superada por una justicia preventiva, reparadora y asegurativa, que permita la construcción de una justicia concentrada en el futuro, sin desconocer el pasado; aclara la justicia con unidad de jurisdicciones y la justicia especial, como componentes de una justicia transicional integrativa; explica la presencia de justicia en distintas entidades que diferencian las funciones o justicia concentrada en una sola entidad, aunque sean distintas funciones, pues es buscada una justicia integradora; expone la búsqueda de una justicia político-constitucional, discutiendo la visión de la justicia como triunfo de la fuerza o la concesión escandalosa de beneficios; exalta que es una justicia en la búsqueda de una discriminación positiva, no de una discriminación negativa, superando la discusión entre justicia para poderosos o justicia para débiles; finalmente, considera que es una justicia, al mismo tiempo, colectiva e individual, lo cual es mucho más completo que una justicia parametrizada o una justicia individualizada.
The Challenges of Cultural Competency Among Expatriate Nurses Working in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alosaimi Dalyal N. , Ahmad Muayyad M.
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose:To explore the cultural challenges facing expatriate nurses working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Women do not have an active role in the workplace in KSA. Concepts of religion, culture, and language are considered to be crucial and often the lack of women’s participation is attributed to these factors.Methods:A descriptive qualitative approach was used with two methods of data collection: interviews and focus group. The study was located in a hospital setting in Al-Riyadh at KSA. There were 20 non-Muslim nurses of different nationalities who participated in this study.Results:Several themes emerging from the nurses’ experience of caring for Muslims such as the inability to carry out nursing duties because of religious and cultural factors and language barriers. Most of the nurses have provided similar examples and discussed the same issues, such as patient’s families, fasting, and prayer having a negative impact on care from their perspective.Conclusion:There is a lack of expatriate nurses’ orientation concerning religion and culture. The nurses acknowledged the importance of language when they start dealing directly with patients and associated this language barrier with their inability to provide proper care.
A construção de um sistema de garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional para o Brasil
Authors: Barros Maria Sylvia Carvalho de , Costa Vera Mariza Henriques de Miranda
Published: October 2016

O objetivo do trabalho foi atualizar as informações e refletir a respeito da implantação do Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SISAN), criado, em 2006, pela Lei Orgânica da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (LOSAN). Analisaram-se artigos acadêmicos, relatórios e documentos oficiais disponíveis e relevantes. O Sistema deve ser estruturado de forma intersetorial, descentralizada, com ampla participação e controle social e sua composição deve incluir órgãos dos diferentes níveis de governo e organizações da sociedade civil. Os Conselhos Municipais e Estaduais de SAN constituem-se instâncias privilegiadas de reflexão e ação sobre todos os componentes do conceito e para a construção, com autonomia, da política de SAN. Verificou-se a necessidade de um papel preponderante dos componentes do nível federal, liderando o processo de constituição do Sistema e estimulando as demais esferas de governo para que assumam sua responsabilidade e contribuam com a definição e a implementação de uma política pública de caráter sistêmico, de garantia, a todos, do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) na perspectiva da Soberania e Segurança Alimentar.
Avaliação das condições higiênicas de escolas de ensino infantil e fundamental por meio da aplicação de listas de verificação
Authors: Silva Lizahélen Morais da , Brasil Carla Cristina Bauermann , Silveira Joice Trindade , Moura Fernanda Aline de , Marques Anne y Castro , Martini Coryna Sanchotene , Schiavo Marilei Bertão
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as condições higiênicas de escolas de ensino infantil e fundamental do município Itaqui – RS. O estudo avaliou 12 escolas públicas municipais, sendo seis de educação infantil e seis de ensino fundamental. Foram elaboradas listas de verificação em boas práticas para as unidades de alimentação e nutrição escolares (UANEs), sendo duas listas completas (LVBPC) – aplicadas no primeiro e último acompanhamento – e duas listas reduzidas (LVBPR) aplicadas nos sete acompanhamentos intermediários. As listas foram fundamentadas nas legislações sanitárias vigentes, sendo aplicadas in loco semanalmente, em turnos alternados e sem aviso prévio às escolas. A classificação das UANEs foi adaptada de acordo com o Centro Colaborador em Alimentação e Nutrição do Escolar (CECANE) segundo o grau de risco sanitário. A média de adequação geral das escolas infantis foi de 36,13% e 35,28% para as LVBPC e LVBPR, respectivamente. Enquanto a média de adequação geral das escolas fundamentais em relação às boas práticas foi de 40,19% e 40,92% para as listas completas e reduzidas, respectivamente. Com isso, percebe-se a necessidade de implantação de ações preventivas nessas UANEs, uma vez que foram observados procedimentos que podem comprometer a alimentação escolar do ponto de vista higiênico-sanitário.
Indigenous Positioning in Health Research: The importance of Kaupapa Māori theory-informed practice
Authors: Curtis Elana
Published: October 2016

Understanding how to undertake Kaupapa Māori research can be a challenge for emerging health researchers. Unless emerging researchers have exposure to Kaupapa Māori theory or senior Māori health research expertise, the challenge of undertaking Kaupapa Māori research within health research contexts can seem daunting, and for some, too difficult to attempt. This article summarizes what an Indigenous positioning means to me as a health researcher, medical practitioner, academic and Māori community member, and why it is more than just a methodological approach. The theoretical basis of Kaupapa Māori—what it is, how it emerged and what it means for my own research practice—is explored. How Kaupapa Māori interacts with Pacific research methodologies, particularly when health research involves both Māori and Pacific participants, is discussed. It is hoped that this article will assist emerging researchers (both Indigenous and non-Indigenous) to embrace Indigenous-appropriate research approaches within their own work.
“We Had not Dared to do that Earlier, but now we See that it Works”: Creating a culturally responsive mathematics exam
Authors: Fyhn Anne Birgitte , Nutti Ylva Jannok , Nystad Kristine , Eira Ellen J. Sara , Hætta Ole Einar
Published: October 2016

This paper describes two Sámi mathematics teachers’ development of an innovative instructional practice. Having recognized that Norway's national written exam disadvantaged their students, the teachers developed and established a culturally responsive local oral mathematics exam as part of a five-year research project that took place between 2010 and 2015 in Guovdageaidnu, Norway. The aim of the paper is to illuminate the role of teachers’ autonomy in the process towards Indigenous educational self-determination. We analyse the teachers’ development from a state of recovery to a state of self-determination with respect to a framework consisting of (a) the four states in Smith's (2012) Indigenous research agenda: survival, recovery, development and self-determination; and (b) Deci and Ryan's (2012) distinction between supporting autonomy and controlling behaviour. The teachers’ development of a culturally responsive mathematics exam reflects their development towards self-determination. We draw on data consisting of audio recordings and handwritten notes from meetings between the teachers and researchers.
Research, Ethics and Indigenous Peoples: An Australian Indigenous perspective on three threshold considerations for respectful engagement
Authors: Kwaymullina Ambelin
Published: October 2016

Indigenous peoples have long critiqued the harmful effects of Eurocentric research processes upon Indigenous cultures and communities. This paper—which is grounded in the author's knowledge and experience as an Aboriginal Australian academic—examines three threshold considerations relevant to non-Indigenous scholars who seek to enter into respectful research relationships with Indigenous peoples or knowledges. The first is the question of whether the research should be conducted at all. The second is positionality and how this affects research. The third is the need for scholars to comprehensively inform themselves about ethical research principles, including in relation to free, prior and informed consent, and Indigenous cultural and intellectual property.