bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual violence from police and HIV risk behaviours among HIV‐positive women who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia – a mixed methods study
Authors: Lunze Karsten , Raj Anita , Cheng Debbie M , Quinn Emily K , Lunze Fatima I , Liebschutz Jane M , Bridden Carly , Walley Alexander Y , Blokhina Elena , Krupitsky Evgeny , Samet Jeffrey H
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Police violence against people who inject drugs (PWID) is common in Russia and associated with HIV risk behaviours. Sexual violence from police against women who use drugs has been reported anecdotally in Russia. This mixed‐methods study aimed to evaluate sexual violence from police against women who inject drugs via quantitative assessment of its prevalence and HIV risk correlates, and through qualitative interviews with police, substance users and their providers in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analyses with HIV‐positive women who inject drugs (N=228) assessed the associations between sexual violence from police (i.e. having been forced to have sex with a police officer) and the following behaviours: current drug use, needle sharing and injection frequency using multiple regression models. We also conducted in‐depth interviews with 23 key informants, including PWID, police, civil society organization workers, and other stakeholders, to explore qualitatively the phenomenon of sexual violence from police in Russia and strategies to address it. We analyzed qualitative data using content analysis.

Results

Approximately one in four women in our quantitative study (24.1%; 95% CI, 18.6%, 29.7%) reported sexual violence perpetrated by police. Affected women reported more transactional sex for drugs or money than those who were not; however, the majority of those reporting sexual violence from police were not involved in these forms of transactional sex. Sexual violence from police was not significantly associated with current drug use or needle sharing but with more frequent drug injections (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.43, 95% CI 1.04, 1.95). Qualitative data suggested that sexual violence and coercion by police appear to be entrenched as a norm and are perceived insurmountable because of the seemingly absolute power of police. They systematically add to the risk environment of women who use drugs in Russia.

Conclusions

Sexual violence from police was common in this cohort of Russian HIV‐positive women who inject drugs. Our analyses found more frequent injection drug use among those affected, suggesting that the phenomenon represents an underappreciated human rights and public health problem. Addressing sexual violence from police against women in Russia will require addressing structural factors, raising social awareness and instituting police trainings that protect vulnerable women from violence and prevent HIV transmission.
Police must join the fast track to end AIDS by 2030
Authors: Crofts Nick , Patterson David
Published: July 2016

World leaders have committed to ending AIDS by 2030, but stigma and discrimination remain significant obstacles. In particular, police are critical, front‐line determinants of risk for many people living with HIV (PLHIV) and members of other key affected populations (KAPs). The negative impact of adverse police behaviours and practices on HIV risk is well documented, and these risks undermine global efforts to end AIDS. Far less well documented, and less common, are attempts to ameliorate this impact by working to change police behaviours. This Special Issue seeks to help redress this imbalance by presenting a selection of original, provocative and important interventions from academics, police officers and other stakeholders concerned with documenting the potential for constructive, progressive and evidence‐based approaches to the reduction of HIV risk. We recommend urgent boosting of efforts and funding to engage police in the HIV response. Among other strategies, this needs sustainable funding of programmes and their evaluation, and increased and continuing advocacy and education at all levels to match policy and law reform.
Bile Leakage After Hepatectomy for Liver Tumors
Authors: Osawa Takaaki , Sano Tsuyoshi , Senda Yoshiki , Natsume Seiji , Shimizu Yasuhiro
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to clarify the predictive factors for bile leakage after hepatectomy for liver tumor in terms of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) definition. Between August 2006 and July 2012, 242 patients with a diagnosis of liver tumor underwent hepatectomy in our department, and the total bilirubin level of peritoneal drainage fluid prior to removal of the abdominal drains was examined. The data on all of the patients were analyzed retrospectively to identify the factors that might significantly affect the postoperative bile leakage. There was no grade C bile leakage, and grade A was documented in 65 patients (26.9%) and grade B in 7 patients (2.9%) in terms of the ISGLS definition. Although there was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay between grade A bile leakage only and those without bile leakage (P = 0.933), a significant difference was noted between grades A and B (median, 11.0 versus 21.0 days; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed 4 independent significant predictive factors: prolonged operation time (P = 0.040), cholecystectomy (P = 0.048), non–portal vein embolization (P = 0.010), and preoperative chemotherapy (P = 0.021). The ISGLS definition of bile leakage is clinically useful. Prolonged operation time, cholecystectomy, non–portal vein embolization, and preoperative chemotherapy were significant independent risk factors of bile leakage in this study.
The multifaceted therapeutical role of low‐density lipoprotein receptor family in high‐grade glioma
Authors: Mastrantuono Elisa , Ghibaudi Matilde , Matias Diana , Battaglia Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

The diverse roles of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor family (LDLR) have been associated with many processes critical to maintaining central nervous system (CNS) health and contributing to neurological diseases or cancer. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the LDLR's involvement in common brain tumors, specifically high‐grade gliomas, emphasizing the receptors' critical role in the pathophysiology and progression of these tumors due to LDLR's high expression. We delve into LDLR's role in regulating cellular uptake and transport through the brain barrier. Additionally, we highlight LDLR's role in activating several signaling pathways related to tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion, engaging readers with an in‐depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms at play. By synthesizing current research findings, this review underscores the significance of LDLR during tumorigenesis and explores its potential as a therapeutic target for high‐grade gliomas. The collective insights presented here contribute to a deeper appreciation of LDLR's multifaceted roles and implications for physiological and pathological states, opening new avenues for tumor treatment.
Methadone compared to buprenorphine
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

Both medications are controlled substances, and approved to treat opioid use disorder. OTPs provide both as well as opioid antagonist naltrexone. Those are the only medications approved to treat OUD.
Hierarchical Yolk‐Shell Silicon/Carbon Anode Materials Enhanced by Vertical Graphene Sheets for Commercial Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Yu Peilun , Li Zhenwei , Zhang Dongcan , Xiong Qi , Yu Jie , Zhi Chunyi
Published: September 2024

Yolk‐shell structured silicon/carbon (YS‐Si/C) anode materials show promise for commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of their high specific capacity and excellent cycling life. However, their commercialization has not been realized despite nearly a decade of research, primarily due to poor mechanical strength, limited rate capability, and low energy density. This study reports a hierarchical YS‐Si/C anode material synthesized via thermal chemical vapor deposition for the growth of vertical graphene sheets (VGSs), polymer self‐assembly, and one‐step carbonization, which establishes connections between the Si core and carbon shell through VGSs, enhancing the electrochemical and mechanical characteristics of the YS‐Si/C material. The unique material outperforms VGSs‐free composites, which presents a high specific capacity of 1683.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate performance of 552.2 mAh g−1 at 10 C, and superior capacity retention of 80.1% after 1000 cycles. When matched with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes, the ampere‐hour‐level pouch cell delivers high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 429.2 Wh kg−1 and 1083 Wh L−1, respectively. Finite element analysis shows that VGSs reduce stress concentration on the carbon shell, helping hollow materials withstand industrial electrode calendaring. This work demonstrates potential for the commercial application of YS‐Si/C anode materials in practical LIBs.
Simplified Gambogic Acid Prodrug Nanoparticles to Improve Efficiency and Reduce Toxicity for Clinical Translation Potential
Authors: Wang Ruyi , Xiao Yuxiao , Zhang Zhongtao , Huang Xiaoxian , Zhu Wanfang , Ma Xiao , Feng Feng , Liu Wenyuan , Han Lingfei , Qu Wei
Published: September 2024

Poor in vivo characteristics of gambogic acid (GA) and difficulties in industrial manufacturing of its nanocarriers have hindered its clinical translation. Therefore, a reproducible nano‐drug delivery system must be developed to realize simpler manufacture and address inherent defects of GA, such as short circulation and severe side effects, in order to facilitate its clinical application. Herein, a drug self‐assembled nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of a hydrophobic prodrug based on GA and oleyl alcohol (OA), as well as vitamin E‐polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as a shield to improve the stability of the NPs is reported. The preparation method is simple enough to stably facilitate large‐scale manufacturing. The self‐assembled NPs exhibit a remarkably high drug‐loading capacity, and their prolonged circulation enables the NPs to demonstrate superior antitumor efficacy in both cellular and animal models. The flexible hydrophobic long chain wraps GA groups, which mitigates vascular irritation and reduces hemolysis rates. Consequently, the prodrug nano‐system addresses GA‐related concerns regarding stability, efficacy, and safety, offering a simple, stable, and secure nano‐platform for similar candidate drugs.
A Recyclable Ionogel with High Mechanical Robustness Based on Covalent Adaptable Networks
Authors: Fan Xiaotong , Luo Yifei , Li Ke , Wong Yi Jing , Wang Cong , Yeo Jayven Chee Chuan , Yang Gaoliang , Li Jiaofu , Loh Xian Jun , Li Zibiao , Chen Xiaodong
Published: September 2024

Ionogels are an emerging class of soft materials for flexible electronics, with high ionic conductivity, low volatility, and mechanical stretchability. Recyclable ionogels are recently developed to address the sustainability crisis of current electronics, through the introduction of non‐covalent bonds. However, this strategy sacrifices mechanical robustness and chemical stability, severely diminishing the potential for practical application. Here, covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are incorporated into ionogels, where dynamic covalent crosslinks endow high strength (11.3 MPa tensile strength), stretchability (2396% elongation at break), elasticity (energy loss coefficient of 0.055 at 100% strain), and durability (5000 cycles of 150% strain). The reversible nature of CANs allows the ionogel to be closed‐loop recyclable for up to ten times. Additionally, the ionogel is toughened by physical crosslinks between conducting ions and polymer networks, breaking the common dilemma in enhancing mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The ionogel demonstrates robust strain sensing performance under harsh mechanical treatments and is applied for reconfigurable multimodal sensing based on its recyclability. This study provides insights into improving the mechanical and electrical properties of ionogels toward functionally reliable and environmentally sustainable bioelectronics.
Microfluidic Platform for Generating and Releasing Patient‐Derived Cancer Organoids with Diverse Shapes: Insight into Shape‐Dependent Tumor Growth
Authors: Kheiri Sina , Yakavets Ilya , Cruickshank Jennifer , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Berman Hal K , Cescon David W. , Young Edmond W.K. , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: September 2024

Multicellular spheroids and patient‐derived organoids find many applications in fundamental research, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Advances in the understanding and recapitulation of organ functionality and disease development require the generation of complex organoid models, including organoids with diverse morphologies. Microfluidics‐based cell culture platforms enable time‐efficient confined organoid generation. However, the ability to form organoids with different shapes with a subsequent transfer from microfluidic devices to unconstrained environments for studies of morphology‐dependent organoid growth is yet to be demonstrated. Here, a microfluidic platform is introduced that enables high‐fidelity formation and addressable release of breast cancer organoids with diverse shapes. Using this platform, the impact of organoid morphology on their growth in unconstrained biomimetic hydrogel is explored. It is shown that proliferative cancer cells tend to localize in high positive curvature organoid regions, causing their faster growth, while the overall growth pattern of organoids with diverse shapes tends to reduce interfacial tension at the organoid‐hydrogel interface. In addition to the formation of organoids with diverse morphologies, this platform can be integrated into multi‐tissue micro‐physiological systems.
A Diamond Heater‐Thermometer Microsensor for Measuring Localized Thermal Conductivity: A Case Study in Gelatin Hydrogel
Authors: Ma Linjie , Zhang Jiahua , Hao Zheng , Jing Jixiang , Zhang Tongtong , Lin Yuan , Chu Zhiqin
Published: September 2024

Understanding the microscopic thermal effects of the hydrogel is important for its application in diverse fields, including thermal‐related studies in tissue engineering and thermal management for flexible electronic devices. In recent decades, localized thermal properties, such as thermal conductivity, have often been overlooked due to technical limitations. To tackle this, the study proposes a new hybrid diamond microsensor that is capable of simultaneous temperature control and readout in a decoupled manner. Specifically, the sensor consists of a silicon pillar (heater) at ≈10 microns in length, topped by a micron‐sized diamond particle that contains silicon‐vacancy (SiV) centers (thermometer) with 1.29 temperature measurement sensitivity. Combining this innovative, scalable sensor with a newly established simulation model that can transform heating‐laser‐induced temperature change into thermal conductivity, an all‐optical decoupled method is introduced with ≈0.05 W m−1 K−1 precision, which can reduce laser crosstalk. For the first time, the thermal conductivity change of hydrogels during the gelation process is tracked and the existence of variation is demonstrated. The study introduces a rapid, undisturbed technique for measuring microscale thermal conductivity, potentially serving as a valuable tool for cellular thermometry, and highlights the idea that decoupling can reduce crosstalk from different lasers, which is helpful for quantum sensing.
Transcription of Customized Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Enantiomeric Metal–Organic Framework to Carbon Dots
Authors: Wang Xue‐Yan , Luo Peng , Dong Xi‐Yan , Guan Shan , Zhang Chong
Published: September 2024

Chiral carbon dots (CDs) with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are one of the most dynamic areas of modern science. However, the design, preparation, and ambiguity mechanism of solid‐state CPL‐active CDs remains a formidable challenge. Herein, for the first time, CDs with customized chiroptical activities in the solid state, especially CPL, are transcribed from chiral metal–organic framework (CMOFs) via a bottle‐around‐ship strategy. Within these CMOFs⊃CDs assemblies, CDs inherited the chirality of the host CMOFs through host–guest interactions, which is revealed by density functional theory (DFT) simulations and experimental results, and amplified the luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) by effective artificial chiral light‐harvesting systems. Impressively, CMOFs⊃CDs in pairs generated color‐tunable CPL and white CPL with chromaticity coordinates of (0.32, 0.32). Furthermore, benefiting from excellent processability, as luminescent coatings and 3D printing inks, a white circularly polarized light‐emitting diode, and an extended 3D model “light bulb” featuring white CPL are successfully fabricated, respectively. This strategy paves a new avenue for the synthesis and advanced application of solid‐state CPL‐active CDs‐based materials.
Tunable Luminescence in LiSc1‐yGayW2O8:Cr3+ Phosphors for LED Applications
Authors: Liu Jia , Sun Dashuai , Lyu Zeyu , Shen Sida , Wei Shuai , Zhou Luhui , Zhang Xiaowei , Hu Hanyu , You Hongpeng
Published: September 2024

Achieving emission peaks in the near‐infrared II regions (NIR II) and tunable near‐infrared (NIR) emission is still a huge challenge in the development of NIR phosphors. Here, a series of LiSc1‐yGayW2O8:Cr3+ phosphors are reported based on crystal engineering, whose luminescence can be tuned from NIR‐II to NIR I. LiScW2O8:Cr3+ possesses an ultra‐wide emission in the range of 850–1400 nm with peak at 1069 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 225 nm and the main emission light is located in the NIR‐II region. Introducing Ga3+ into LiScW2O8:Cr3+ to form LiSc1‐yGayW2O8:Cr3+, the emission spectrum is blueshifted, which better aligns with the characteristic absorption lines of most functional groups. Additionally, the intensity of emission and thermal stability are also improved. The NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LED) device is prepared by using the optimized LiSc0.5Ga0.5W2O8:0.12Cr3+ phosphor and green chip, and different characteristic absorptions are detected by measuring the NIR absorption of water and ethanol with the prepared pc‐LED as a radiation source. These results indicate that the ultra‐wide near‐infrared luminescence of LiSc1‐yGayW2O8:xCr3+ holds potential for applications in non‐destructive analysis.
High‐Efficiency Circularly Polarized Luminescence Regulation of a Dye‐Doped Polymer Film by Acid/Aggregation
Authors: Sun Jianxin , Han Mingyang , Yang Guojian , Wang Yueze , Fang Wenjuan , Shi Aiyan , Xiang Chaoyu , Wang Jianguo , Zhang Ting , Wang Haoran
Published: September 2024

Smart materials with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) tunable ability show great potential for advanced information storage and encryption. While an effective integration of high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and facile regulation of CPL property in thin films are of great significance, it is challenging due to the scarcity of suitable materials and complexity of systems. Herein, a novel acid‐responsive CPL tunable molecule is designed by combining an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) component (TPE), an acid‐responsive luminophore (Rhodol), and a chiral aniline. Benefitting by the “AIE” effect of TPE and acid‐sensitive nature of Rhodol, the acidified molecule (S‐Rhodol‐TPE) exhibits a high PLQY even when doped in the polymer substrate at high concentrations. In addition, due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process between TPE and Rhodol, the emission color of S‐Rhodol‐TPE can be easily regulated by the doped ratio and acidified degree of S‐Rhodol‐TPE in the polymer film. This work exhibits a unique approach to achieving smart CPL‐tunable films with high PLQYs and multiple emission color‐regulation properties, which can undoubtedly facilitate the progress of CPL tunable materials.
Image Sensors and Photodetectors Based on Low‐Carbon Footprint Solution‐Processed Semiconductors
Authors: Solari William , Liu Renjun , Erkızan Serena N. , Osypiw Alexander R. C. , Smowton Peter M. , Hou Bo
Published: September 2024

This mini‐review explores the evolution of image sensors, essential electronic components increasingly integrated into daily life. Traditional manufacturing methods for image sensors and photodetectors, employing high carbon footprint techniques like thermal evaporation and chemical vapor deposition, are being replaced by environmentally conscious solution processing. Organic and Colloidal Quantum Dot‐based image sensors emerge as promising candidates, aligning with the shift toward solution‐based device integration. This review provides insights into the working principles of photodetectors and image sensors, summarizing relevant materials and fabrication approaches. Additionally, it delves into the detailed exploration of pixelated patterning techniques and their potential applications in the realm of solution‐processed image sensor fabrication.
First Trimester Fetal Clubfoot: A Novel Presentation of Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Barnett Chloe , Eddy Kaitlyn , Rauk Phillip N. , Lewter Jill
Published: September 2024

Talipes equinovarus, also called clubfoot, is a relatively common congenital defect affecting approximately one in every 1000 live births. Most cases of clubfoot are expected to be idiopathic and unrelated to an underlying genetic syndrome. In approximately 20% of cases, a clear genetic etiology is identified. Here we present two cases of bilateral clubfoot identified via fetal ultrasound in the first trimester associated with osteogenesis imperfecta diagnosed in the second trimester. Both fetuses presented with multiple fractures and were identified to have loss‐of‐function variants in COL1A1. An association between clubfeet in the first trimester and osteogenesis imperfecta has not been previously reported to the best of our knowledge, which leads to unique opportunities for prompt diagnosis, genetic counseling and testing, and appropriate management.
Non‐Natural MUC1 Glycopeptide Homogeneous Cancer Vaccine with Enhanced Immunogenicity and Therapeutic Activity
Authors: Guerreiro Ana , Compañón Ismael , Lazaris Foivos S. , Labão‐Almeida Carlos , Oroz Paula , Ghirardello Mattia , Marques Marta C. , Corzana Francisco , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L.
Published: September 2024

Glycopeptides derived from the glycoprotein mucin‐1 (MUC1) have shown potential as tumor‐associated antigens for cancer vaccine development. However, their low immunogenicity and non‐selective conjugation to carriers present significant challenges for the clinical efficacy of MUC1‐based vaccines. Here, we introduce a novel vaccine candidate based on a structure‐guided design of an artificial antigen derived from MUC1 glycopeptide. This engineered antigen contains two non‐natural amino acids and has an α‐S‐glycosidic bond, where sulfur replaces the conventional oxygen atom linking the peptide backbone to the sugar N‐acetylgalactosamine. The glycopeptide is then specifically conjugated to the immunogenic protein carrier CRM197 (Cross‐Reactive Material 197), a protein approved for human use. Conjugation involves selective reduction and re‐bridging of a disulfide in CRM197, allowing the attachment of a single copy of MUC1. This strategy results in a chemically defined vaccine while maintaining both the structural integrity and immunogenicity of the protein carrier. The vaccine elicits a robust Th1‐like immune response in mice and generates antibodies capable of recognizing human cancer cells expressing tumor‐associated MUC1. When tested in mouse models of colon adenocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer, the vaccine is effective both as a prophylactic and therapeutic use, significantly delaying tumor growth. In therapeutic applications, improved outcomes were observed when the vaccine was combined with an anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (anti‐PD‐1) checkpoint inhibitor. Our strategy reduces batch‐to‐batch variability and enhances both immunogenicity and therapeutic potential. This site‐specific approach disputes a prevailing dogma where glycoconjugate vaccines require multivalent display of antigens.
Hydrogen Evolution Reactivity of Pentagonal Carbon Rings and p‐d Orbital Hybridization Effect with Ru
Authors: Gong Lei , Xia Fanjie , Zhu Jiawei , Mu Xueqin , Chen Ding , Zhao Hongyu , Chen Lei , Mu Shichun
Published: September 2024

Topological defects are inevitable existence in carbon‐based frameworks, but their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity and mechanism remain under‐explored. Herein, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of pentagonal carbon‐rings is probed by constructing pentagonal ring‐rich carbon (PRC), with optimized electronic structures and higher HER activity relative to common hexagonal carbon (HC). Furthermore, to improve the reactivity, we couple Ru clusters with PRC (Ru@PRC) through p‐d orbital hybridization between C and Ru atoms, which drives a shortcut transfer of electrons from Ru clusters to pentagonal rings. The electron‐deficient Ru species leads to a notable negative shift in d‐band centers of Ru and weakens their binding strength with hydrogen intermediates, thus enhancing the HER activity in different pH media. Especially, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, PRC greatly reduces alkaline HER overpotentials from 540 to 380 mV. And Ru@PRC even exhibits low overpotentials of 28 and 275 mV to reach current densities of 10 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively. Impressively, the mass activity and price activity of Ru@PRC are 7.83 and 15.7 times higher than that of Pt/C at the overpotential of 50 mV. Our data unveil the positive HER reactivity of pentagonal defects and good application prospects.
Extending Shelf‐Life of Two‐Step Method Precursor Solutions through Targeted Regulation for Highly Efficient and Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ye Jiajun , Sheng Wangping , He Jiacheng , Zhong Yang , Liu Yikun , Liu Kaikai , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: September 2024

Precursor solution aging process can cause significant influence on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Notably, we first observe that the aging phenomenon is more severe in the precursor of two‐step sequential method compared to that in one‐step method due to that the protic solvent isopropanol facilitates amine‐cation side reaction and iodide ions oxidation. Herein, we report a novel approach for selectively stabilizing both organic amine salt and lead iodide (PbI2) precursor solutions in two‐step method. The introduction of benzene‐1,3‐dithiol into organic amine salt solution can mitigate amine‐cation side reactions due to the formation of an acidic and reducing environment. Simultaneously, decamethylferrocene (FcMe10/FcMe+10) pair can act as a redox shuttle in PbI2 solution to concurrently oxidize Pb0 and reduce I2 in cyclic manner. Consequently, the PVSCs device fabricated from ameliorative precursor solutions demonstrates superior power conversion efficiency of 25.31 %, retaining 95 % of its efficiency after 21 days of solution aging. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices maintain 85 % of primitive efficiency for 1500 h at maximum power point tracking under continuous illumination. This work establishes a fundamental guidance and scientific direction for the stabilization of two‐step perovskite precursor solutions.
Li2ZnCu3 Modified Cu Current Collector to Regulate Li Deposition
Authors: Cao Jiaqi , Chen Weixin , Gao Aosong , Muhtar Dilxat , Du Guangyuan , Qian Guoyu , Lu Xueyi , Xie Fangyan , Sun Yang , Lu Xia
Published: September 2024

Rationally designing a current collector that can maintain low lithium (Li) porosity and smooth morphology while enduring high‐loading Li deposition is crucial for realizing the high energy density of Li metal batteries, but it is still challengeable. Herein, a Li2ZnCu3 alloy‐modified Cu foil is reported as a stable current collector to fulfill the stable high‐loading Li deposition. Benefiting from the in situ alloying, the generated numerous Li2ZnCu3@Cu heterojunctions induce a homogeneous Li nucleation and dense growth even at an ultrahigh capacity of 12 mAh cm−2. Such a spatial structure endows the overall Li2ZnCu3@Cu electrode with the manipulated steric hindrance and outmost surface electric potential to suppress the side reactions during Li stripping and plating. The resultant Li||Li2ZnCu3@Cu asymmetric cell preserves an ultrahigh average Coulombic efficiency of 99.2 % at 3 mA cm−2/6 mAh cm−2 over 200 cycles. Moreover, the Li‐Li2ZnCu3@Cu||LiFePO4 cell maintains a cycling stability of 87.5 % after 300 cycles. After coupling with the LiCoO2 cathode (4 mAh cm−2), the cell exhibits a high energy density of 407.4 Wh kg−1 with remarkable cycling reversibility at an N/P ratio of 3. All these findings present a doable way to realize the high‐capacity, dendrite‐free, and dense Li deposition for high‐performance Li metal batteries.
MXene Triggered Free Radical Polymerization in Minutes Toward All‐Printed Zn‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors and Beyond
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Zeng Chuijin , Zhang Mengtian , Zhao Chendong , Chao Dongliang , Zhou Guangmin , Zhang Chuanfang
Published: September 2024

Additive manufacturing of (quasi−) solid‐state (QSS) electrochemical energy storage devices (EES) highlights the significance of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) design. Creating well‐bonded electrode‐GPEs interfaces in the electrode percolative network via printing leads to large‐scale production of customized EES with boosted electrochemical performance but has proven to be quite challenging. Herein, we report on a versatile, universal and scalable approach to engineer a controllable, seamless electrode‐GPEs interface via free radical polymerization (FRP) triggered by MXene at room temperature. Importantly, MXene reduces the dissociation enthalpy of persulfate initiators and significantly shortens the induction period accelerated by SO4−, enabling the completion of FRP within minutes. The as‐formed well‐bonded electrode‐GPEs interface homogenizes the electrical and concentration fields (i.e., Zn2+), therefore suppressing the dendrites formation, which translates to long‐term cycling (50,000 times), high energy density (105.5 Wh kg−1) and power density (9231 W kg−1) coupled with excellent stability upon deformation in the zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs). Moreover, the critical switch of the rheological behaviours of the polymer electrolyte (as aqueous inks in still state and become solids once triggered by MXene) perfectly ensures the direct all‐printing of electrodes and GPEs with well‐bonded interface in between, opening vast possibilities for all‐printed QSS EES beyond ZHCs.
Promoting Water Dissociation and Weakening Active Hydrogen Adsorption to Boost the Hydrogen Transfer Reaction over a Cu−Ag Superlattice Electrocatalyst
Authors: Cheng Chuanqi , Chen Fanpeng , Zhang Bin , Zhao Bo‐Hang , Du Xiwen
Published: September 2024

The prerequisite for electrocatalytic hydrogenation reactions (EHRs) is H2O splitting to form surface hydrogen species (*H), which occupy catalytic sites and lead to mismatched coverage of *H and reactants, resulting in unsatisfactory activity and selectivity. Thus, modulating the splitting pathway of H2O is significant for optimizing the EHR process. Herein, a Cu−Ag alloy with a superlattice structure of staggered‐ordered Cu and Ag is theoretically predicted and experimentally proven to undergo a pathway for H2O splitting called the hydrogen transfer reaction (HTR) in the water layer, which involves the formation of *H, the capture of *H by a water cluster to form H*(H2O)x and subsequent hydrogenation reactions by H*(H2O)x. Taking acetylene hydrogenation as a model case, the as‐proposed HTR pathway could lead to a relaxation hydrogenation process to modulate the matching degree of C2H2 and *H, thus enabling a 91.2 % C2H4 Faradaic efficiency at a partial current density of 0.38 A cm−2, greatly outperforming its counterpart without a superlattice structure.
Origin of Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Restructured Metal–Organic Frameworks for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Li Ying , Yang Liu , Hao Xiaolei , Xu Xiaopei , Xu Lingling , Wei Bo , Chen Zhongwei
Published: September 2024

Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), praised for structural flexibility and tunability, are prominent catalyst prototypes for exploring oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Yet, their intricate transformations under OER, especially in industrial high‐current environments, pose significant challenges in accurately elucidating their structure–activity correlation. Here, we harnessed an electrooxidation process for controllable MOF reconstruction, discovering that Fe doping expedites Ni(Fe) MOF structural evolution, accompanied by the elongation of Ni−O bonds, monitored by in situ Raman and UV/Visible spectroscopy. Theoretical modeling further reveals that Fe doping and defect‐induced tensile strain in the NiO6 octahedra augments the metal ds‐O p hybridization, optimizing their adsorption behavior and augmenting OER activity. The reconstructed Ni(Fe) MOF, serving as the anode in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis, achieves a noteworthy current density of 3300 mA cm−2 at 2.2 V while maintaining equally stable operation 500 mA cm−2 for 300 h and 1000 mA cm−2 for 170 h. This undertaking elevates our comprehension of OER catalyst reconstruction, furnishing promising avenues for designing highly efficacious catalysts across electrochemical platforms.
Red Blood Cell‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Inhibit Influenza Virus through Surface‐Displayed Sialic Acids
Authors: Cai Niangui , Zhan Xiaozhen , Zhang Qingyuan , Di Haonan , Chen Chen , Hu Yunyun , Yan Xiaomei
Published: September 2024

Disrupting the conserved multivalent binding of hemagglutinin (HA) on influenza A virus (IAV) to sialic acids (SAs) on the host cell membrane offers a robust strategy to block viral attachment and infection, irrespective of antigenic evolution or drug resistance. In this study, we exploit red blood cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (RBC sEVs) as nanodecoys by harnessing their high abundance of surface‐displayed SAs to interact with IAV through multivalent HA‐SA interactions. This high‐avidity binding inhibits viral adhesion to the cell surface, effectively preventing both attachment and infection in a dose‐dependent manner. Notably, enzymatic removal of SAs from RBC sEVs significantly diminishes their anti‐IAV efficacy. Our findings indicate that RBC sEVs possess intrinsic anti‐IAV properties due to their native multivalent SAs and hold considerable promise as antiviral therapeutics.
Ostwald‐Ripening Induced Interfacial Protection Layer Boosts 1,000,000‐Cycled Hydronium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Zhao Zhenzhen , Zhang Wei , Wang Dong , Li Lin , Liang Qing , Li Wenwen , Lu Chang , Jo Yoo Seung , Kim Jin‐Gyu , Chen Zhongjun , Li Yujin , Zou Xu , Liu Fuxi , Zhou Xinyan , Song Kexin , Li Jingjuan , Zheng Weitao
Published: September 2024

Collapsing and degradation of active materials caused by the electrode/electrolyte interface instability in aqueous batteries are one of the main obstacles that mitigate the capacity. Herein by reversing the notorious side reactions include the loss and dissolution of electrode materials, as we applied Ostwald ripening (OR) in the electrochemical cycling of a copper hexacyanoferrate electrode in a hydronium‐ion batteries, the dissolved Cu and Fe ions undergo a crystallization process that creates a stable interface layer of cross‐linked cubes on the electrode surface. The layer exposed the low‐index crystal planes (100) and (110) through OR‐induced electrode particle growth, supplemented by vacancy–ordered (100) superlattices that facilitated ion migration. Our design stabilized the electrode–electrolyte interface considerably, achieving a cycle life of one million cycles with capacity retention of 91.6 %, and a capacity retention of 91.7 % after 3000 cycles for a full battery.
A Rechargeable Urea‐Assisted Zn‐Air Battery With High Energy Efficiency and Fast‐Charging Enabled by Engineering High‐Energy Interfacial Structures
Authors: Wu Mingjie , Xu Yinghui , Luo Jian , Yang Siyi , Zhang Gaixia , Du Lei , Luo Huixia , Cui Xun , Yang Yingkui , Sun Shuhui
Published: September 2024

Electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers a promising alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in clean energy conversion and storage systems. Nickel‐based catalysts are regarded as highly promising electrocatalysts for the UOR. However, their effectiveness is significantly hindered by the unavoidable self‐oxidation reaction of nickel species during UOR. To address this challenge, we proposed an interface chemistry modulation strategy to boost UOR kinetics by creating a high‐energy interfacial heterostructure. This heterostructure incorporates Ag at the CoOOH@NiOOH heterojunction interface, where strong interactions significantly promote the electron exchanges at the heterojunction interface between ‐OH and ‐O groups. Consequently, the improved electron delocalization leads to the formation of stronger bonds between Co sites and urea CO(NH2)2, promoting a preference for urea to occupy Co active sites over OH*. The resulting catalyst, Ag−CoOOH@NiOOH, demonstrates ultrahigh UOR activity with a low potential of 1.33 V at 100 mA cm−2. The fabricated catalyst exhibits a mass activity over 11.9 times greater than the initial cobalt oxyhydroxide. The rechargeable urea‐assisted zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) achieve a record‐breaking energy efficiency of 74.56 % at 1 mA cm−2, remarkable durability (1000 hours at a current density of 50 mA cm−2), and quick charge performances.
Tailoring Copper Single‐Atoms‐Stabilized Metastable Transition‐Metal‐Dichalcogenides for Sustainable Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yi Lixin , Nie Kunkun , Li Binjie , Zhang Yujia , Hu Chen , Hao Xiaorong , Wang Ziyi , Qu Xiaoyan , Liu Zhengqing , Huang Wei
Published: September 2024

Unconventional 1T′ phase transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show great potential for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, they are susceptible to transitioning into the stable 2H phase, which reduces their catalytic activity and stability. Herein, we present a scalable approach for designing thermally stable 1T′‐TMDs hollow structures (HSs) by etching Cu1.94S templates from pre‐synthesized Cu1.94S@TMDs heterostructures, including 1T′‐MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2 HSs. Furthermore, taking 1T′‐MoS2 HSs as an example, the etched Cu ions can be firmly adsorbed on their surface in the form of single atoms (SAs) through Cu−S bonds, thereby elevating the phase transition temperature from 149 °C to 373 °C. Due to the advantages conferred by the 1T′ phase, hollow structure, and synergistic effect between Cu SAs and 1T′‐MoS2 supports, the fabricated 1T′‐MoS2 HSs demonstrate superior HER performance. Notably, their high‐phase stability enables continuous operation of designed 1T′‐MoS2 HSs for up to 200 hours at an ampere‐level current density without significant activity decay. This work provides a universal method for synthesizing highly stable 1T′‐TMDs electrocatalysts, with a particular focus on the relationship between their phase and catalytic stability.
Biocatalytic Desymmetrization for the Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls Using an Engineered Imine Reductase
Authors: Zhang Pengpeng , Yuan Bo , Li Junkuan , Li Congcong , Guo Jiaxin , Zhang Bowen , Qu Ge , Su Hao , Turner Nicholas J. , Sun Zhoutong
Published: September 2024

The enzymatic atroposelective synthesis of biaryl compounds is relatively rare, despite considerable attention received by biocatalysis in the academic and industrial sectors. Imine reductases (IREDs) are an important class of enzymes that have been applied in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amine building blocks. In this study, two IREDs (IR140 and IR189) were identified to catalyze the efficient desymmetrization of biaryls utilizing various amine donors. Further protein engineering enabled the identification of variants (IR189 M8–M9 and IR189 M13–M14) that are able to catalyze the formation of both (R) and (S) atropisomers in excellent yields and atroposelectivities (24 examples, up to 99 % ee and yield). The absolute configuration and rotational barriers were confirmed, and the reactions were readily scaled up to allow isolation of the atropisomeric product in 99 % ee and 82 % yield. The optically pure biaryl amines were further derivatized into various synthetically useful atropisomers. To shed light on the molecular recognition mechanisms, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed, offering plausible explanations for the improved atroposelectivity and enzymatic activity. The current strategy expands the scope of the IRED‐catalyzed synthesis of axially chiral biaryl amines, contributing significantly to the field of atroposelective biocatalysis.
Size‐Dependent Catalytic Activity Over MOF‐Derived Cobalt Oxide Supported PdO Nanoparticles in Suzuki Reaction
Authors: Pan Shiguang , Chen Xue , Chen Yang , Liu Dan , Guo Jia , Kuvarega Alex T. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Gui Jianzhou
Published: September 2024

Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on ZIF 67‐derived porous CoOx were prepared by wet‐impregnation method, followed by calcination at different temperatures. The calcination temperature has been employed to effectively manipulate the size of metal nanoparticles, where higher calcination temperatures resulted in larger sizes. The experimental results revealed that by manipulating the calcination temperature, the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles with varying sizes could be effectively controlled. Increasing the calcination temperature resulted in larger particle sizes. At a calcination temperature of 350°C, the synthesis process produced the smallest palladium nanoparticles, averaging 1.35 nm in size, facilitating the reaction between aryl halides and arylboronic acids with yields ranging from 83% to 99%. Furthermore, these nanoparticles demonstrated superior catalytic activity and recyclability.
Chlorine‐Thymol Substituted Silicon (IV) Phthalocyanines: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) Inhibitory Effect
Authors: Aktas Kamiloglu Ayse , Arslan Tayfun , Tekin Askın , Kantekin Halit , Acar Irfan
Published: September 2024

In this study, novel chlorine‐thymol derivatives (1,3‐bis(4‐chloro‐2‐isopropyl‐5 methylphenoxy)propan‐2‐ol (Thy‐OHI) and 2‐[2‐(4‐chloro‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenoxy)ethoxy]ethanol (Thy‐OHII)) and axially di‐4‐chloro‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenoxy (Thy‐SiPc), 1,3‐bis(4‐chloro‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenoxy)propanoxy (Thy‐OHI‐SiPc), and 2‐[2‐(4‐chloro‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenoxy)ethoxy]ethanoxy (Thy‐OHII‐SiPc) substituted silicon phthalocyanine compounds were obtained, and their structures were elucidated by the combination of various methods such as NMR, IR, UV–Vis, and MS. The inhibitory effects of these compounds (Thy‐OHI, Thy‐OHII, Thy‐SiPc, Thy‐OHI‐SiPc and Thy‐OHII‐SiPc), synthesized for the first time, on cholinesterase enzymes (AChE and BChE) were investigated in the laboratory environment. In the studies, notably Thy‐OHI‐Si and thymol derivative ligand Thy‐OHII displayed significant inhibition against AChE and BChE.
Boron nitride nanosheets synergized with two‐dimensional micron silver sheets to enhance thermal conductivity and insulation of epoxy resin composites
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Xiao Yutong , Liang Yuan , Chen Qingguo , Yue Dong , Feng Yu
Published: September 2024

With the rapid progress of the advanced electronic device industry, precision electronic instruments are gradually developing towards miniaturization. In this case, epoxy resin gradually attracts people's attention, but its intrinsic thermal conductivity is not high, and the resulting heat dissipation problem limits the further application of epoxy resin in the field of electronic packaging. Therefore, how to enhance the thermal conductivity of epoxy resins has become an urgent problem in the field of electronic packaging. In this work, BNNS was successfully prepared by stripping h‐BN into a flaky two‐dimensional material, which was added to the epoxy resin as a filler to make the composite material. And on the basis of the above, two‐dimensional micron silver flakes (AgMS) with different mass fractions were added to the composites, and the AgMS/BNNS/EP composites were successfully prepared. When BNNS was 25 wt% and AgMS was 1 wt%, its out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity was enhanced from 0.17 W m−1 K−1 of pure epoxy resin to 0.43 W m−1 K−1. When BNNS was 20 wt% and AgMS was 1 wt%, the breakdown strength was enhanced from 105 kV/mm for pure epoxy to 130 kV/mm. This work provides a new strategy for synthesizing high‐thermal‐conductivity epoxy matrix composites.
Embodied and dialogical basis for understanding humans with information: A sustainable view
Authors: Suorsa Anna
Published: September 2024

In this conceptual paper I suggest that hermeneutic phenomenological view on humans in the world can lay a premise to understand our embodied, dialogical way of living in the world with information of all kinds. This gives us ethical stance to the development of information‐intensive world and points out our limits as human beings. First, I explicate the implicit and explicit traces of phenomenology in the field of Library and Information Studies (LIS). After that, I continue to explicate how human beings and their relation to the world of information can be conceptualized also by the means of understanding, and dialogicality, with hermeneutic phenomenology of Martin Heidegger, 1985 and Hans‐Georg Gadamer, 2004 T. Then, I introduce the concepts and conceptions of understanding human beings as living bodies in the world, based on hermeneutic phenomenology of Maurice Merleau‐Ponty, 2006. Together, these form a strong basis for understanding humans with information in their environment. Finally, I explicate why it is essential and meaningful to understand humans as embodied and dialogical, to be able to understand and examine information use, action, and interaction in our field in different contexts critically and sustainably.
A longitudinal health promotion program for autistic children and their caregivers: Impact of an urban community‐based program
Authors: Ketcheson Leah R. , Loetzner Franziska , Wentz Chandler F. , Miller Samantha , Pitchford E. Andrew
Published: September 2024

Autistic children, as well as their primary caregivers (e.g., parents), experience greater health disparities when compared with the general population. Despite this reality, there has been relatively little priority placed on promoting positive trajectories of health in either of these underserved populations. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the impact of participation in a 12‐month, longitudinal health promotion program designed for both autistic children and their parent. A total of 27 families participated in the intervention, including 29 autistic children (83% male, M = 8.28 ± 3.60 years) and 27 parents (93% female, M = 40.04 ± 7.95). Families attended in‐person health promotion programming for 90 min per week. Children and parents were evaluated at four time points across the program, including baseline (0‐months), 4‐months, 8‐months, and 12‐months. Children were measured on fundamental motor competence, physical fitness, body composition, and proxy‐reported physical activity. Parents were measured on body composition, physical fitness, and self‐reported physical activity. Significant improvements were observed for autistic children in motor competence (p < 0.001) and grip strength (p = 0.006), and for parents in body mass index (p = 0.004) and aerobic capacity (p = 0.003) across the 12‐month intervention. Differing trajectories of improvement were noted between urban‐ and suburban‐dwelling families on multiple outcomes. The knowledge acquired from this research may offer initial support for the need to bolster opportunities for accessible and ongoing health promotion programs for both autistic children and their parents.