bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of dissection on clinical anatomical knowledge for surgical needs
Authors: Feigl Georg , Sammer Andreas
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Due to the ongoing discussion of the usefulness of dissection on human bodies in medical curricula, we investigated the influence of anatomical knowledge collected in the dissection course and requested for modules of visceral surgery.

Methods

Students attending the dissection course of topographic anatomy had to answer a questionnaire of 22 questions with focus on anatomical knowledge required for visceral surgical modules. Failure was defined as 13 or fewer correct answers, success categorized as high, good or moderate. The same questionnaire was handed out to 245 students prior to the module on visceral surgery. Students provided information on which regions they had dissected during the course or prior to the module. The results were compared to the result of a written Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) exam of the module visceral surgery (n = 160 students) with an unannounced primary focus on anatomy.

Results

Students who dissected the truncal regions of the human body succeeded in answering the questionnaire with high success. Students dissecting regions of the Head/Neck or Limbs had a high failure rate, and none of them reached the “high” success level. In the MCQ exam, students dissecting truncal regions had a high success rate, while those who had not dissected or who dissected the Head/Neck or Limbs had a high failure rate.

Conclusion

Dissections support and improve the required knowledge for surgical modules. For the visceral surgical module, students dissecting the region prior to the module greatly benefited. Therefore, entire human body dissection assumes to be preferable.
Understanding Bayesianism: Fundamentals for Process Tracers
Authors: Bennett Andrew , Charman Andrew E. , Fairfield Tasha
Published: July 2021

Bayesian analysis has emerged as a rapidly expanding frontier in qualitative methods. Recent work in this journal has voiced various doubts regarding how to implement Bayesian process tracing and the costs versus benefits of this approach. In this response, we articulate a very different understanding of the state of the method and a much more positive view of what Bayesian reasoning can do to strengthen qualitative social science. Drawing on forthcoming research as well as our earlier work, we focus on clarifying issues involving mutual exclusivity of hypotheses, evidentiary import, adjudicating among more than two hypotheses, and the logic of iterative research, with the goal of elucidating how Bayesian analysis operates and pushing the field forward.
APPROXIMATELY MULTIPLICATIVE DECOMPOSITIONS OF NUCLEAR MAPS
Authors: WAGNER DOUGLAS
Published: July 2021

We expand upon work from many hands on the decomposition of nuclear maps. Such maps can be characterised by their ability to be approximately written as the composition of maps to and from matrices. Under certain conditions (such as quasidiagonality), we can find a decomposition whose maps behave nicely, by preserving multiplication up to an arbitrary degree of accuracy and being constructed from order-zero maps (as in the definition of nuclear dimension). We investigate these conditions and relate them to a W*-analogue.
The effects of vitamin D-fortified foods on circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nikooyeh Bahareh , Neyestani Tirang R.
Published: July 2021

Improvement of vitamin D status of the general population has been a challenge for policymakers. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate whether vitamin D-fortified products can be a suitable solution for tackling vitamin D deficiency. Our secondary objective was to determine the effect of some variables including age, latitude and BMI on efficacy of this strategy. MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched and 231 studies were found in a preliminary search. After screening of titles and abstracts, 23 studies were selected. Pooled data comparing fortification with vitamin D +/- Ca with control showed statistically significant effect on total 25(OH)D concentrations (2002 participants, mean difference (MD): 25·4 nmol/l, (95 % CI 19·5, 31·3)). The subgroup analysis by duration of intervention (less than 12 weeks v. more than 12 weeks) and type of vehicle (dairy product, juice, grain product, oil and combination of dairy and grain products), isoform of the vitamin (D3v. D2) and dose of the fortificant (≥ 1000 IU/d v. < 1000 IU/d) also indicated significant effect of fortification with vitamin D on serum 25(OH)D concentrations. In conclusion, the circulating 25(OH)D response to vitamin D-fortified food consumption is influenced by age, BMI and the baseline 25(OH)D concentrations. Notwithstanding, an average of 2 nmol/l increase in circulating 25(OH)D concentration for each 100 IU vitamin D intake per d is expected for general adult population. These findings can be informative for policymakers to tackle vitamin D deficiency through food fortification strategy.
Timing of childhood adversities and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in adolescence
Authors: North Samantha J. , Fox Kathryn R. , Doom Jenalee R.
Published: July 2021

Greater childhood adversity predicts a higher likelihood of later self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB). There is little research focused on whether the timing of childhood adversity predicts SITB. The current research examined whether the timing of childhood adversity predicted parent- and youth-reported SITB at age 12 and 16 years in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) cohort (n = 970). We found that greater adversity at age 11–12 years consistently predicted SITB at age 12 years, while greater adversity at age 13–14 years consistently predicted SITB at age 16 years. These findings suggest there may be sensitive periods during which adversity may be more likely to lead to adolescent SITB, which can inform prevention and treatment.
Tree characteristics, microhabitat and edge effect in plantations govern European Turtle-doveStreptopelia turturnest habitat selection at the edge of Sahara: implications for conservation of a vulnerable species
Authors: SAÂD NASRINE , HANANE SAÂD , FARHI KAMILIA , MATALLAH NACERDDINE , KHEMIS MOHAMED DHAYA EL HAK
Published: July 2021

Tree characteristics, microhabitat, and human presence were measured around nest trees (n= 92) and non-nest trees (n= 92) to identify the best predictors of the European Turtle-doveStreptopelia turturnest occurrence in date palm plantations of the Biskra region (Algeria). Nest occurrence was (i) positively influenced by the height of trees and that of the herbaceous layer, and (ii) quadratically affected by diameter at breast height (DBH), the cover of trees, the cover of the herbaceous vegetation, and the distance to the edge of date palm plantation. Variation partitioning analysis revealed that the pure effect of tree physical characteristics (tree height and DBH) was robust in explaining the occurrence of Turtle Dove nests (adj.R2= 0.52,P= 0.001). For an efficient management of this Saharan population, special attention should be paid in the short term to keeping high date palm trees while ensuring, in the medium and long term, the presence of different-sized palm tree classes at each exploitation. There is no doubt that date palm plantations of Biskra are of paramount importance because they offer good opportunities for consolidating and improving the knowledge on this threatened species and other species at the Sahara edge.
Long-term stochastic risk models: the sixth generation of modern actuarial models?
Authors: Curry Bill
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the use of modelling techniques for the purpose of risk management within life insurers. The key theme of the paper is that life insurance is long-term business and carries with it long-term risks, yet much of modern actuarial risk management is focussed on short-term modelling approaches. These typically include the use of copula simulation models within a 1-year Value-at-Risk (VaR) framework. The paper discusses the limitations inherent within the techniques currently used in the UK and discusses how the focus of the next generation of actuarial models may be on long-term stochastic projections. The scope of the paper includes a discussion of how existing techniques, together with new approaches, may be used to develop such models and the benefits this can bring. The paper concludes with a practical example of how a long-term stochastic risk model may be implemented.
Early-childhood BMI trajectories in relation to preclinical cardiovascular measurements in adolescence
Authors: Montazeri Parisa , Fossati Serena , Clemente Diana B.P. , Cirugeda Lourdes , Elosua Roberto , Fernández-Barrés Sílvia , Fochs Silvia , Garcia-Esteban Raquel , Marquez Sandra , Pey Nuria , Nawrot Tim S , Vrijheid Martine
Published: July 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Overweight, obesity, and accelerated growth during early childhood have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in later life. Few studies have assessed whether trajectories of accelerated growth in early childhood are associated with preclinical cardiovascular measurements. We aimed to evaluate the associations between childhood body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories and measures of macro- and microvascular function in early adolescence. Measurements of macrovascular function (systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and microvascular function (central retinal arteriolar/veinular equivalent) were assessed at 11 years old in a Spanish birth cohort study (n = 489). BMI trajectories from birth to 9 years were identified using latent class growth analysis. Multiple linear regression assessed the associations between the BMI trajectories and macro- and microvascular function. Compared to children with average birth size and slower BMI gain (reference), children with a lower birth size and accelerated BMI gain had increased SBP [β = 6.57; (95% CI 4.00, 9.15)], DBP [β = 3.65; (95% CI 1.45, 5.86)], and PWV [β = 0.14; (95% CI 0.01, 0.27)]. Children with higher birth size and accelerated BMI gain had increased SBP [β = 4.75; (95% CI 1.79, 7.71) compared to the reference. No significant associations between BMI trajectories and the microvascular measurements were observed. In conclusion, we found that childhood BMI trajectories characterized by accelerated growth are associated with preclinical macrovascular measurements in young adolescents.
The effect of season of birth on brain epigenome-wide DNA methylation of older adults
Authors: Didikoglu Altug , Nair Nisha , Robinson Andrew C. , Roncaroli Federico , Pendleton Neil , Payton Antony , Canal Maria M.
Published: July 2021

Perinatal light exposure predisposes towards health and behaviour in adulthood. Season of birth is associated with psychiatric, allergic, cardiovascular and metabolic problems. It has been proposed that early-life environmental light disrupts the development of biological rhythms which, in turn, influence later-life health. However, the mechanisms linking perinatal seasonal light to later-life biological rhythm and health in humans are unknown. In this study, we investigated the association between season of birth and epigenome-wide DNA methylation of two postmortem human brain regions (16 hypothalamus, 14 temporal cortex). We did not find statistically significant differences at the whole epigenome level, either because we lacked statistical power or that no association exists. However, when we examined 24 CpG sites that had the highest significance or differential methylation, we identified regions which may be associated with circadian rhythm entrainment, cholinergic neurotransmission and neural development. Amongst methylation of the core clock genes, we identified that hypothalamusNeuronal PAS Domain Protein 2(NPAS2) gene has hypermethylated regions in long photoperiod-born individuals. In addition, we found nominal associations between season of birth and genes linked to chronotype and narcolepsy. Season of birth-related brain DNA methylation profile was different than a previously reported blood methylation profile, suggesting a tissue-specific mechanism of perinatal light programming. Overall, we are the first to analyse the relationship between season of birth and human brain DNA methylation. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm an imprinting effect of perinatal light on the circadian clock.
Rice response to sublethal concentrations of paraquat, glyphosate, saflufenacil, and sodium chlorate at multiple late-season application timings as influenced by exposure
Authors: McCoy Justin , Golden Bobby , Bond Jason , Dodds Darrin , Bararpour Taghi , Gore Jeff
Published: July 2021

In Mississippi, rice reproduction and ripening often overlaps with soybean maturation, creating potential for herbicide exposure onto rice from desiccants applied to soybeans. Six independent studies were conducted concurrently at the Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS, from 2016 to 2018 to determine the response of rice to sublethal concentrations of soybean desiccants during rice reproductive and ripening growth stages. Studies included the desiccants paraquat, glyphosate, saflufenacil, sodium chlorate, paraquat + saflufenacil, and paraquat + sodium chlorate applied at a rate equal to 1/10th of Mississippi recommendations. Treatments were applied at five different rice growth stages, beginning at 50% heading––defined as 0 d after heading (DAH)––with subsequent applications at 1-wk intervals (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAH), up to harvest. Injury was observed 7 d after application (DAA), with five of six desiccants at all application timings. No injury was observed with glyphosate application across all rating intervals. Rough rice grain yield following all glyphosate applications was reduced by >6%. In the studies evaluating paraquat, injury ranged from 5% to 18% at all evaluations, regardless of application timing. Rough rice grain yield was reduced >12% 0 to 21 DAH, following paraquat application. Similar trends were observed with paraquat + saflufenacil and paraquat + sodium chlorate, with rice exhibiting yield decreases >6% following an application 0 to 14 and 0 to 21 DAH, respectively. In studies evaluating saflufenacil and sodium chlorate, rough rice grain yield was >95% of the untreated across all application timings Yield component trends closely resembled reductions observed in rough rice grain yield. Reductions in head rice yield were >5% following applications of paraquat or paraquat + saflufenacil 0 to 14 and 0 to 21 DAH, respectively. Late-season exposure to sublethal concentrations of desiccant from 50% heading (0 DAH) to 28 DAH has an impact on rough rice grain yield, yield components, and head rice yield.
Regionalizing the Impacts of Wind‐ and Wave‐Induced Currents on Surface Ocean Dynamics: A Long‐Term Variability Analysis in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Morales‐Márquez Verónica , Hernández‐Carrasco Ismael , Simarro Gonzalo , Rossi Vincent , Orfila Alejandro
Published: July 2021

Effects of wind and waves on the surface dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea are assessed using a modified Ekman model including a Stokes‐Coriolis force in the momentum equation. Using 25 years of observations, we documented intermittent but recurrent episodes during which Ekman and Stokes currents substantially modulate the total mesoscale dynamics by two nonexclusive mechanisms: (a) by providing a vigorous input of momentum (e.g., where regional winds are stronger) and/or (b) by opposing forces to the main direction of the geostrophic component. To properly characterize the occurrence and variability of these dynamical regimes, we perform an objective classification combining self‐organizing maps and wavelet coherence analyses. It allows proposing a new regional classification of the Mediterranean Sea based on the respective contributions of wind, wave, and geostrophic components to the total mesoscale surface dynamics. We found that the effects of wind and waves are more prominent in the northwestern Mediterranean, while the southwestern and eastern basins are mainly dominated by the geostrophic component. The resulting temporal variability patterns show a strong seasonal signal and cycles of 5–6 years in the total kinetic energy arising from both geostrophic and ageostrophic components. Moreover, the whole basin, specially the regions characterized by strong wind‐ and wave‐induced currents, shows a characteristic period of variability at 5 years. This can be related to climate modes of variability. Regional trends in the geostrophic and ageostrophic currents show an intensification of 0.058 ± 1.43 · 10−5 cm/s per year.
Constraints on Mantle Viscosity From Slab Dynamics
Authors: Liu Hao , Gurnis Michael , Leng Wei
Published: July 2021

The radial viscosity of the mantle is generally thought to increase by ∼10–100 times from the upper to lower mantle with a putative, abrupt increase at 660 km depth. Recently, a low viscosity channel (LVC) between 660 and 1,000 km has been suggested. We conduct a series of time‐dependent flow models with viscosity either increasing or decreasing at 660 km depth while tracking slab structure, state‐of‐stress, and geoid. We find that a LVC will lower the amplitude of long wavelength (>5,000 km) geoid highs over slabs, with amplitudes <10 m in height, while increasing the slab dip angle and downdip tension in the upper 300 km of slabs. A viscosity increase at 660 km gives rise to strong downdip compression throughout a slab and this pattern will largely go away with the introduction of the LVC. In addition, the endothermic phase change at 660 km depth can substantially affect the stress distribution within slabs but has a minor influence on the geoid. Models that fit the observed long wavelength geoid and observed focal mechanism in the western Pacific favor models without the presence of the LVC between 660 km and 1,000 km depths.
The Water Mass Transformation in the Upper Limb of the Overturning Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Berglund Sara , Döös Kristofer , Campino Aitor Aldama , Nycander Jonas
Published: July 2021

The warming and salinification of the northwards flowing water masses from the Southern Ocean to the tropics are studied with Lagrangian trajectories simulated using fields from an Earth System Model. The trajectories are used to trace the geographical distribution of the water mass transformation and connect it with the pathways of the upper limb of the overturning circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. In the Antarctic Circumpolar Current water gains heat just below the mixed layer, mainly when the layer is thin during Austral spring and summer. This gain is therefore suggested to be a consequence of heat flux from the atmosphere and mixing processes at the base of the mixed layer. In the Southern Hemispheric subtropical gyres on the other hand, a large warming and salinification of the northwards flowing water results from internal mixing with other warmer and more saline water masses. Close to the Antarctic shelf waters are getting fresher as a result of ice melting, whereas further north, in the Antarctic Circumpolar current, waters are getting more saline as a result of evaporation. Our results show that it is not only the heat and freshwater fluxes through the sea surface that control the heat and salt changes of the upper limb of the overturning circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. In fact, internal mixing accounts for 25% of the heat change, and 22% of the salinity change.
Stochastic‐Deep Learning Parameterization of Ocean Momentum Forcing
Authors: Guillaumin Arthur P. , Zanna Laure
Published: July 2021

Coupled climate simulations that span several hundred years cannot be run at a high‐enough spatial resolution to resolve mesoscale ocean dynamics. Recently, several studies have considered Deep Learning to parameterize subgrid forcing within macroscale ocean equations using data from ocean‐only simulations with idealized geometry. We present a stochastic Deep Learning parameterization that is trained on data generated by CM2.6, a high‐resolution state‐of‐the‐art coupled climate model. We train a Convolutional Neural Network for the subgrid momentum forcing using macroscale surface velocities from a few selected subdomains with different dynamical regimes. At each location of the coarse grid, rather than predicting a single number for the subgrid momentum forcing, we predict both the mean and standard deviation of a Gaussian probability distribution. This approach requires training our neural network to minimize a negative log‐likelihood loss function rather than the Mean Square Error, which has been the standard in applications of Deep Learning to the problem of parameterizations. Each estimate of the conditional mean subgrid forcing is thus associated with an uncertainty estimate–the standard deviation—which will form the basis for a stochastic subgrid parameterization. Offline tests show that our parameterization generalizes well to the global oceans and a climate with increased levels without further training. We then implement our learned stochastic parameterization in an eddy‐permitting idealized shallow water model. The implementation is stable and improves some statistics of the flow. Our work demonstrates the potential of combining Deep Learning tools with a probabilistic approach in parameterizing unresolved ocean dynamics.
Prognostic value of serum soluble ST2 in stable coronary artery disease: a prospective observational study
Authors: Kim Hack-Lyoung , Lee Jung Pyo , Wong Nathan , Lim Woo-Hyun , Seo Jae-Bin , Zo Joo-Hee , Kim Myung-A , Kim Sang-Hyun
Published: July 2021

The role of ST2 in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has not yet been well defined. This study was performed to investigate baseline serum soluble ST2 (sST2) level can predict clinical outcomes in patients with stable CAD. A total of 388 consecutive patients with suspected CAD (65 years and 63.7% male) in stable condition referred for elective invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was prospectively recruited. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization (90 days after ICA), and ischemic stroke during clinical follow-up was assessed. Most of the patients (88.0%) had significant CAD (stenosis ≥ 50%). During median follow-up of 834 days, there was 29 case of MACE (7.5%). The serum sST2 level was significantly higher in patients with MACE than those without (47.3 versus 30.6 ng/ml, P < 0.001). In multiple Cox regression model, higher sST2 level (≥ 26.8 ng/ml) was an independent predictor of MACE even after controlling potential confounders (hazard ratio, 13.7; 95% confidence interval 1.80–104.60; P = 0.011). The elevated level of baseline sST2 is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events in stable CAD patients. Studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings.
Promising effects of 33 to 36 Fr. bougie calibration for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Po-Chih , Chen Kai-Hua , Jhou Hong-Jie , Chen Po-Huang , Huang Chih-Kun , Lee Cho-Hao , Chang Ting-Wei
Published: July 2021

The standard size of bougie for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is not yet established. Therefore, a systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted to assess the weight loss effects and associated complications of LSG for patients with morbid obesity, based on different bougie sizes. A total of 15 studies were reviewed in this systemic review and network meta-analysis (2,848 participants), including RCTs and retrospective studies in PubMed, and Embase until September 1, 2020. The effectiveness of different bougie calibration sizes was assessed based on excess weight loss (EWL), total complications, and staple line leak. Within this network meta-analysis, S-sized (≤ 32 Fr.) and M-sized (33–36 Fr.) bougies had similar effects and were associated with the highest EWL improvement among all different bougie sizes (S-sized: standardized mean difference [SMD], 10.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] − 5.59 to  − 26.63, surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA], 0.78; and M-sized: SMD, 10.16; 95% CI − 3.04–23.37; SUCRA, 0.75). M-sized bougie was associated with the lowest incidence of total complications (M-sized: odds ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.16–1.11; SUCRA, 0.92). Based on our network meta-analysis, using M-sized bougie (33–36 Fr.) is an optimal choice to balance the effectiveness and perioperative safety of LSG in the clinical practice.
Blocking the GITR-GITRL pathway to overcome resistance to therapy in sarcomatoid malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Chan Meilin , Wu Licun , Yun Zhihong , McKee Trevor D. , Cabanero Michael , Zhao Yidan , Kohno Mikihiro , Murakami Junichi , de Perrot Marc
Published: July 2021

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive neoplasm originating from the pleura. Non-epithelioid (biphasic and sarcomatoid) MPM are particularly resistant to therapy. We investigated the role of the GITR-GITRL pathway in mediating the resistance to therapy. We found that GITR and GITRL expressions were higher in the sarcomatoid cell line (CRL5946) than in non-sarcomatoid cell lines (CRL5915 and CRL5820), and that cisplatin and Cs-137 irradiation increased GITR and GITRL expressions on tumor cells. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the GITR-GITRL pathway was promoting tumor growth and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Furthermore, GITR+ and GITRL+ cells demonstrated increased spheroid formation in vitro and in vivo. Using patient derived xenografts (PDXs), we demonstrated that anti-GITR neutralizing antibodies attenuated tumor growth in sarcomatoid PDX mice. Tumor immunostaining demonstrated higher levels of GITR and GITRL expressions in non-epithelioid compared to epithelioid tumors. Among 73 patients uniformly treated with accelerated radiation therapy followed by surgery, the intensity of GITR expression after radiation negatively correlated with survival in non-epithelioid MPM patients. In conclusion, the GITR-GITRL pathway is an important mechanism of autocrine proliferation in sarcomatoid mesothelioma, associated with tumor stemness and resistance to therapy. Blocking the GITR-GITRL pathway could be a new therapeutic target for non-epithelioid mesothelioma.
Mass flow and momentum flux in nanoporous membranes in the transitional flow region
Authors: Podgolin Stepan K. , Petukhov Dmitrii I. , Loimer Thomas , Eliseev Andrei A.
Published: July 2021

An experimental study of momentum transfer in nanoporous polymeric track-etched membranes was performed using He, N2, CO2, and SF6 propellants. The exhaust gas velocity reaches values of up to 2 M. Close to an isothermal expansion occurs in the nanochannels.
Sometimes less is more—the impact of the number of His residues on the stability of Zn(ii)–SmtB and BigR4 α-5 domain complexes
Authors: Rola Anna , Wieczorek Robert , Kozłowski Henryk , Krzywoszyńska Karolina , Potocki Sławomir
Published: July 2021

The formation equilibria of zinc(ii) complexes of the α5 binding domain of SmtB/BigR4 proteins and mutants of the latter are studied and an unusual behaviour of histidine ligands is observed.
Variation of interaction zone size for the target design of 2D supramolecular networks
Authors: Baran Łukasz , Rżysko Wojciech , Tarasewicz Dariusz
Published: July 2021

In this study, we have performed extensive coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the self-assembly of tetra-substituted molecules. It has been shown that they can form multiple ordered networks, including Sierpinski triangles.
Metal-free synthesis of quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate derivatives using aryl amines and acetylenedicarboxylates through a pseudo three-component reaction
Authors: Ali Saghir , Khan Abu T.
Published: July 2021

An efficient, useful and one-pot protocol for the synthesis of quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate scaffolds is accomplished from aryl amines and dimethyl/diethyl acetylenedicarboxylates using 20 mol% molecular iodine as a catalyst in acetonitrile at 80 °C.
Space conjugation induced white light and room-temperature phosphorescence from simple organic small molecules: single-component WLED driven by both UV and blue chips
Authors: Zheng Xin , Huang Yuanshan , Xiao Duoduo , Yang Shuming , Lin Zhenghuan , Ling Qidan
Published: July 2021

Simple molecule TIM with planar conformation and rich heteroatoms exhibits white emission and yellow phosphorescence for space conjugation. TIM powder can be employed as a single-component material to fabricate WLEDs driven by both UV and blue chips.
Application of super-concentrated phosphonium based ionic liquid electrolyte for anode-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Pathirana Thushan , Kerr Robert , Forsyth Maria , Howlett Patrick C.
Published: July 2021

Anode-free lithium metal batteries based on ionic liquid electrolytes offer an excellent pathway to significantly boost the energy density and specific energy over current lithium-ion technology by eliminating the anode material during cell assembly.
Clinical Importance of Binaural Information: Extending Auditory Assessment in Clinical Populations Using a Portable Testing Platform
Authors: Diedesch Anna C. , Bock S. J. Adelaide , Gallun Frederick J.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to use variability on tests of basic auditory processing to allow identification of those tests that could be used clinically to describe functional hearing ability beyond the pure-tone audiogram and clinical speech-in-noise tests.

Method

Psychoacoustic tests implemented using the Portable Automated Rapid Testing system on a calibrated iPad were evaluated for nine young normal-hearing participants (
M
age
= 21.3,
SD
= 2.5) and seven hearing-impaired participants (
M
age
= 64.9,
SD
= 13.5). Participants completed 10 psychoacoustic subtests in a quiet room. Correlational analyses were used to compare performance on the psychoacoustic test battery with performance on a clinical speech-in-noise test and with the 4-frequency pure-tone average (4FreqPTA).

Results

Spectral processing ability was highly correlated with 4FreqPTA, and temporal processing ability showed minimal variability across the hearing-impaired group. Tests involving binaural processing captured variability across hearing-impaired listeners not associated with 4FreqPTA or speech-in-noise performance.

Conclusions

Tests that capture the ability to use binaural cues may add information to what current clinical protocols reveal about patients with auditory complaints. Further testing with a larger sample size is needed to confirm the need for binaural measurements and to develop normative data for clinical settings.
Speech Recognition With Informational and Energetic Maskers in Patients With Single-Sided Deafness After Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Müller Verena , Lang-Roth Ruth
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The aim of the study was to assess the susceptibility to energetic and informational masking in patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) with one normal-hearing (NH) ear and a cochlear implant (CI) in the contralateral ear, understand the effect on speech recognition when spatially separating noise and speech maskers, and investigate the influence of the CI in situations with energetic and informational masking.

Method

Speech recognition was measured in the presence of either a modulated speech-shaped noise or one of two competing speech maskers in 11 SSD-CI listeners. The speech maskers were manipulated with respect to fundamental frequency to consider the effect of different voices. Measurements were conducted in the unaided (NH) and aided (NHCI) conditions. Spatial release from masking (SRM) was calculated for each masker type and both listening conditions (NH and NHCI) by subtracting scores of the colocated target and masker condition (S
0
N
0
) from the spatially separated target and masker conditions (S
0
N
≠0
).

Results

Speech recognition was highly variable depending on the type of masker. SRM occurred in the unaided (NH) and aided (NHCI) conditions when the speech masker had the same gender as the target talker. Adding the CI improved speech recognition when this speech masker was ipsilateral to the NH ear.

Conclusions

The amount of informational masking is substantial in SSD-CI listeners with both colocated and spatially separated target and masker signals. The contribution of SRM to better speech recognition largely depends on the masker and is considerable when no differences in voices between the target and the competing talker occur. There is only a slight improvement in speech recognition by adding the CI.
Modelling continuum intensity perturbations caused by solar acoustic oscillations
Authors: Kostogryz N. M. , Fournier D. , Gizon L.
Published: July 2021

Context. Helioseismology is the study of the Sun’s interior using observations of oscillations at the surface. It suffers from systematic errors, for instance a center-to-limb error in travel-time measurements. Understanding these errors requires an adequate understanding of the nontrivial relationship between wave displacement and helioseismic observables (intensity or velocity).

Aims. The wave displacement causes perturbations in the atmospheric thermodynamical quantities which, in turn, perturb the opacity, the optical depth, the source function, and the local ray geometry, thus affecting the emergent intensity. We aim to establish the most complete relationship achieved to date between the wave displacement and the emergent intensity perturbation by solving the radiative transfer problem in the perturbed atmosphere.

Methods. We derived an expression for the emergent intensity perturbation caused by acoustic oscillations at any point on the solar disk by applying a first-order perturbation theory. As input perturbations, we considerd adiabatic modes of oscillation of different degrees in a spherically-symmetric solar model. The background and the perturbed intensities are computed by solving the radiative transfer equation considering the main sources of opacity in the continuum (absorption and scattering).

Results. We find that for all modes, the perturbations to the thermodynamical quantities are not sufficient to model the intensity perturbations: the geometrical effects due to the wave displacement must always be taken into account as they lead to a difference in amplitude and a phase shift between temperature perturbations at the surface and emergent intensity perturbations. The closer to the limb, the greater the differences. For modes with eigenfrequencies around 3 mHz, we found that the radial and horizontal components of the wave displacement are important, in particular, for high-degree modes.

Conclusions. This work presents improvements for the computation of the intensity perturbations, in particular, for high-degree modes. Here, we explain the differences in intensity computations seen in earlier works. The phase shifts and amplitude differences between the temperature and intensity perturbations increase toward the limb. This should prove helpful when interpreting some of the systematic centre-to-limb effects observed in local helioseismology. The computations are fast (3 s for 2000 positions and one frequency for one core) and can be parallelised. This work can be extended to models of the line-of-sight velocity observable.
Proprieties of clumps and filaments around galaxy clusters
Authors: Angelinelli M. , Ettori S. , Vazza F. , Jones T. W.
Published: July 2021

We report on the possibility of studying the proprieties of cosmic diffuse baryons by studying self-gravitating clumps and filaments connected to galaxy clusters. While filaments are challenging to detect with X-ray observations, the higher density of clumps makes them visible and a viable tracer to study the thermodynamical proprieties of baryons undergoing accretion along cosmic web filaments onto galaxy clusters. We developed new algorithms to identify these structures and applied them to a set of non-radiative cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters at high resolution. We find that in those simulated clusters, the density and temperature of clumps are independent of the mass of the cluster where they reside. We detected a positive correlation between the filament temperature and the host cluster mass. The density and temperature of clumps and filaments also tended to correlate. Both the temperature and density decrease moving outward. We observed that clumps are hotter, more massive, and more luminous if identified closer to the cluster center. Especially in the outermost cluster regions (∼3⋅R500, c or beyond), X-ray observations might already have the potential to locate cosmic filaments based on the distribution of clumps and to allow one to study the thermodynamics of diffuse baryons before they are processed by the intracluster medium.
Lithium depletion and angular momentum transport in F-type and G-type stars in Galactic open clusters
Authors: Dumont T. , Charbonnel C. , Palacios A. , Borisov S.
Published: July 2021

Context. Open clusters provide unambiguous clues to understand the evolution of 7Li at the surface of low-mass stars and its possible correlation with stellar rotation, which is a challenge for both stellar hydrodynamics and Galactic chemical evolution.

Aims. We aim to quantify the efficiency of the transport processes for both angular momentum and chemicals that are required to explain simultaneously the observed behaviour of surface 7Li (and 9Be) and rotation as well as the internal rotation profiles inferred from helio- and asteroseismology in F- and G-type main sequence stars.

Methods. We apply the model for the transport of angular momentum and chemicals that we tailored in a previous work for solar-type stars to an extended range of initial masses and metallicities corresponding to F- an G-type stars in a sample of 20 Galactic open clusters. We evaluate its ability to explain the 7Li, 9Be, and rotation periods observations. This model includes atomic diffusion, rotation-induced processes (for which we tested different prescriptions for shear turbulence), penetrative convection with a rotational dependence, parametric viscosity and turbulence, and magnetic braking.

Results. Over the entire range of masses, metallicities, and ages explored, we reproduce the evolution of the surface rotation rates and predict, for the first time, the observed anti-correlation between the surface rotation rate and 7Li depletion as a consequence of the penetrative convection prescription. The 7Li behaviour and its evolution with time is well reproduced for G-type stars. However, the ability of the model to reproduce the so-called 7Li dip centred around ∼6600 K strongly depends on the adopted prescriptions for shear turbulence. It also requires a stellar mass dependence for the parametric viscosity adopted for the transport of angular momentum, similar to the behaviour predicted for the generation and luminosity of internal gravity waves generated by stellar convective envelopes. Finally, the model predicts internal rotation profiles in good agreement with asteroseismic constraints in main sequence stars.

Conclusions. We provide an efficient way to model G-type stars of different ages and metallicities successfully. However, the 7Li and 9Be dip constraints urgently call for further hydrodynamical studies to better model turbulence in stars, and for the exploration of physical processes such as tachocline mixing for the transport of chemicals and internal gravity waves for the transport of angular momentum. Finally, additional data for the internal rotation and for 9Be in main sequence low-mass stars are definitively needed.
X-ray obscuration from a variable ionized absorber in PG 1114+445
Authors: Serafinelli R. , Braito V. , Severgnini P. , Tombesi F. , Giani G. , Piconcelli E. , Della Ceca R. , Vagnetti F. , Gaspari M. , Saturni F. G. , Middei R. , Tortosa A.
Published: July 2021

Photoionized absorbers of outflowing gas are commonly found in the X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei. While most of these absorbers are seldom significantly variable, some ionized obscurers have increasingly been found to substantially change their column density on a wide range of timescales. These NH variations are often considered as the signature of the clumpy nature of the absorbers. Here we present the analysis of a new Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory campaign of the type 1 quasar PG 1114+445, which was observed to investigate the time evolution of the multiphase outflowing absorbers previously detected in its spectra. The analyzed dataset consists of 22 observations with a total exposure of ∼90 ks that spans about 20 months. For the whole campaign, we report an unusually low flux state with respect to all previous X-ray observations of this quasar. From the analysis of the stacked spectra, we find a fully covering absorber with a column density log(NH/cm−2) = 22.9−0.1+0.3. This is an order of magnitude higher than the column density measured in the previous observations. This is either due to a variation of the known absorbers or to a new one that eclipses the X-ray emitting source. We also find an ionization parameter of log(ξ/erg cm s−1) = 1.4−0.2+0.6. Assuming that the obscuration lasts for the whole duration of the campaign, that is, more than 20 months, we estimate the minimum distance of the ionized clump, which is located at r ≳ 0.5 pc.
Short Time Solar Power Forecasting Using Persistence Extreme Learning Machine Approach
Authors: Xiang Xiaoyan , Sun Yao , Deng Xiaofei
Published: July 2021

Solar energy in nature is irregular, so photovoltaic (PV) power performance is intermittent, and highly dependent on solar radiation, temperature and other meteorological parameters. Accurately predicting solar power to ensure the economic operation of micro-grids (MG) and smart grids is an important challenge to improve the large-scale application of PV to traditional power systems. In this paper, a hybrid machine learning algorithm is proposed to predict solar power accurately, and Persistence Extreme Learning Machine(P-ELM) algorithm is used to train the system. The input parameters are the temperature, sunshine and solar power output at the time of i, and the output parameters are the temperature, sunshine and solar power output at the time i+1. The proposed method can realize the prediction of solar power output 20 minutes in advance. Mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) are used to characterize the performance of P-ELM algorithm, and compared with ELM algorithm. The results show that the accuracy of P-ELM algorithm is better in short-term prediction, and P-ELM algorithm is very suitable for real-time solar energy prediction accuracy and reliability.
Application Analysis of Vector Model and GIS System Data in the Substation Engineering Entire Life-cycle
Authors: Sun Kaihang , An Xinze , Feng Shunkai
Published: July 2021

With the further popularization of 3D design in substation engineering, the previous works provide lots of data foundations for digital operation and maintenance. Different from the editing requirements of the model in the design stage, higher requirements are put forward for the corresponding speed of the model and the bearing capacity of the graphics platform in the operation and maintenance stage. At present, the application methods of model library are mainly based on geographic information data (GIS) and vector graphics platform. In this paper, the model data are analysed and compared from the dimensions of analytic speed, graphic effect, operation efficiency, integrity and storage space, etc. The graph platform based on geographic information data can better support the application of the model in operation and maintenance stage.
Research on Application of Full Attribute 3D Design Model in Engineering
Authors: Xu Xinqian , Xia Rui , Xu Lai , Hu Xiwen
Published: July 2021

In order to take full advantages of the integration of 3D technology graphics and data, this paper proposes the concept of a full-attribute 3D model that satisfies the full-process data application of substation engineering construction. All stages of engineering construction extract the required data from the full-attribute 3D model for calculation, Analysis, statistics, management and other functions, to achieve all-round coverage of three-dimensional data information from design to construction and construction management, laying the foundation for data circulation and management of the entire life cycle of substation projects. A method of applying a full-attribute three- dimensional model for construction, operation and maintenance management is proposed, which lays a foundation for the realization of refined, digital and intelligent project management.
Research on the Fusion of Power Grid Data and Urban Facilities Data
Authors: Tian Jing , Lan Guan , Jin Li , Yanxia Guo , Ao-Sen Li , Youfu Zhang , Zhuangzhuang Yu
Published: July 2021

The three-dimensional design of power grid infrastructures needs to consider their adjacent urban facilities, including industrial and civil buildings and tunnels, roads, pipelines, and etc. Therefore, in order to realize the integration of the three-dimensional design model of the power grid and the BIM model of those urban infrastructures, this paper attempts to establish the information model classification and coding method to unify the representation methodology of concepts and technologies of multi-industry infrastructures. The developed data format conversion method and data lightweighting method can be utilized to better integrate the three-dimensional design results of the power grid project with the BIM data of the urban infrastructures, and then these digitalized results of the multi-industry facilities can be used to improve the life-cycle management of the power grid engineering projects.
Production cost of ice slurry using a saline solution and different ice mass fractions, applied to “Perico” (Coryphaena Hippurus) artisanal fishing in Peru
Authors: Milón Guzmán Juan José , Braga Sergio Leal , del Carpio Beltrán Herbert Jesús , Díaz Coa Mario Enrique
Published: July 2021

An experimental study was carried out to determine the production costs of ice slurry, using a saline solution with different fractions of ice, for “Perico” (Coryphaena Hippurus) artisanal fishing in the Peruvian sea. A 3-kW ice slurry generator, portable enough to fit in an artisanal boat, was used. The prototype was instrumented with sensors for temperature, density, and electrical parameters (voltage, current, power) measurement in order to determine the ice mass fraction and production costs. The results indicated that not only ice slurry ensures a higher cooling speed and less damage to the product, but also, its production costs are lower compared to flake ice.
Research on Energy Conservation of Shopping Malls in China
Authors: Li Weihan
Published: July 2021

Energy is an indispensable part of human life. People’s life is inextricably linked with energy, and energy will also have a significant impact on social stability. In view of the urgency of energy conservation and the huge consumption of energy in the building industry, this paper analyzes the current situation of energy conservation and technical improvement of shopping mall buildings. First of all, this paper analyzes the current situation of energy-saving in shopping malls in China and figures out the existing problems of energy-saving in shopping malls at the current stage. Secondly, this paper offers some potential measures to improve the efficiency of energy-saving shopping malls from the site selection, HVAC, lighting energy saving these three aspects.