bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cancer‐associated non‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis—Clinical series from a single institution
Authors: Patrzalek Patryk , Wysokinski Waldemar E. , Kurmann Reto D. , Houghton Damon , Hodge David , Kuczmik Wiktoria , Klarich Kyle W. , Wysokinska Ewa M.
Published: February 2024

Premortem clinical presentation of cancer‐associated non‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (Ca‐NBTE), therapy, and the clinal course is limited to case reports and small clinical series. An electronic search of Mayo Clinic records (03/31/2002–06/30/2022) with a subsequent manual review was performed to identify adult patients with echocardiographically detected NBTE and active malignancy, excluding those with infectious endocarditis or lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 115 Ca‐NBTE patients (mean age 63.2 ± 9.7 years, 66.1% female) involving 71 (61.7%) mitral, 58 (50.4%) aortic, 8 (6.9%) tricuspid, and 1 (0.9%) pulmonary valve. The most common cancer was lung (n = 45 cases (39.1%), followed by pancreatic (n = 19, 16.5%), gynecological (17, 14.8%), gastrointestinal (n = 10, 8.7%), and 10 (8.7%) with hematologic malignancy; 6 patients had two active cancers. Embolic complications at presentation were frequent: 94 (81.7%) brain, 11 splenic, 10 renal, 6 coronary, and 4 to the extremities. Of 104 anticoagulated patients, 60 received low molecular weight heparin, 17 unfractionated heparin, 16 apixaban, 8 warfarin, and 3 rivaroxaban. There were 18 arterial thromboembolisms; the Kaplan–Meier estimates of the incidence at 2 years were consistent with a rate of 15.9% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 9.9–23.3], including 14 strokes (12.4%, 95%CI, 7.1–19.2), and 8 other arterial emboli (10.5%, 95%CI, 4.7–18.9); there were 10 venous thromboembolisms (8.9%, 95%CI, 4.5–15.0). Fourteen major bleedings occurred (12.8%, 95%CI, 7.3–19.9) and 94 patients died during follow‐up (77.9%, 95%CI, 71.1–85.8). Ca‐NBTE predominantly affected women with lung adenocarcinoma or digestive tract cancers and manifested by stroke with high mortality and frequent embolic and bleeding complications during anticoagulation therapy.
Reversible Selbstassemblierung von Nukleinsäuren in einer diffusiophoretischen Falle
Authors: Katzmeier Florian , Simmel Friedrich C.
Published: February 2024

Die Bildung und Dissoziation von Duplexen oder komplexeren Strukturen aus Nukleinsäuresträngen ist ein fundamentaler Prozess mit vielfältigen Anwendungen in Biochemie und Nanotechnologie. Hier führen wir ein einfaches experimentelles System – eine diffusiophoretische Falle – für die Nichtgleichgewichts‐Selbstassemblierung von Nukleinsäurestrukturen ein, das einen Elektrolytgradienten als Antrieb nutzt. DNA‐Stränge können durch Diffusiophorese im elektrischen Feld eines Elektrolytgradienten bis zu hundertfach konzentriert werden. Geeignete Elektrolyte für diese diffusiophoretische Falle können mit Hilfe einer einfachen Gleichung bestimmt werden. Experimente mit carboxylierten Siliziumdioxidpartikeln zeigen, dass die diffusiophoretische Kraft langreichweitig und über hunderte von Mikrometern wirksam ist. Als Anwendung untersuchen wir die reversible Selbstassemblierung verzweigter DNA‐Nanostrukturen in der Falle zu einem makroskopischen Gel. Die Strukturen assemblieren in Anwesenheit eines Elektrolytgradienten und lösen sich bei dessen Entfernung wieder auf, was eine prototypische adaptive Reaktion auf einen makroskopischen Nichtgleichgewichtszustand darstellt.

Diffusiophorese

DNA‐Nanosterne

Selbstorganisation

DNA‐Strukturen

Nichtgleichgewichtsprozesse
Deoxygenative Coupling of CO with a Tetrametallic Magnesium Hydride Complex
Authors: Yang Wenbang , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: February 2024

Addition of CO to a tetrametallic magnesium hydride cluster results in both carbon‐carbon bond formation and deoxygenation to generate an acetaldehyde enolate [C2OH3]− which remains coordinated to the cluster. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of formation of an isolable complex containing an [C2OH3]− fragment from reaction of CO with a metal hydride, and the first example of CO homologation and deoxygenation at a main group metal. DFT studies suggest that key steps in the mechanism involve nucleophilic attack of an oxymethylene on a formyl ligand to generate an unstable [C2O2H3]3− fragment, which undergoes subsequent deoxygenation.
Multisite Fine‐Tuning in Hybrid Cadmium Halides Enables Wide Range Emissions for Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Zhang Zhizhuan , Jin Jiance , Lin Yangpeng , Xu Haiping , Cheng Juan , Zeng Hongmei , Lin Zhien , Xia Zhiguo , Zou Guohong
Published: February 2024

Achieving tunable emissions spanning the spectrum, from blue to near‐infrared (NIR) light, within a single component is a formidable challenge with significant implication, particularly in tailoring multicolor luminescence for anti‐counterfeiting purposes. In this study, we demonstrate a broad spectrum of emissions, covering blue to red and extending into NIR light in [BPy]2CdX4 : xSb3+ (BPy=Butylpyridinium; X=Cl, Br; x=0 to 0.08) through precise multisite structural fine‐tuning. Notably, the multicolor emissions from [BPy]2CdBr4 : Sb3+ manifest a distinctive pattern, transitioning from blue to yellow in tandem with the host [BPy]2CdBr4 and further extending from yellow to NIR with its homologous [BPy]2CdCl4 : Sb3+, resulting in the simultaneous presence of intersecting and independent emission colors. Detailed modulation of chemical composition enables partial luminescence switching, facilitating the creation of diverse patterns with multicolor luminescence by employing [BPy]2CdX4 : xSb3+ as phosphors. This study for the first time successfully implements several groups of tunable emission colors in a single matrix via multisite fine‐tuning. Such an effective strategy not only develops the specific relationships between tunable emissions and adjustable compositions, but also introduces a cost‐effective and straightforward approach to achieving unique, high‐level, plentiful‐color and multiple‐information‐storage labels for advanced anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Optical Sensor Arrays for the Detection of Neurotransmitters
Authors: Jana Palash , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit
Published: February 2024

Neurotransmitters are essential for electrochemical communication between neurons. Accurate detection and monitoring of neurotransmitters are crucial for comprehending the intricacies of the human nervous system. Despite their crucial role, neurotransmitters exist in the human body at low concentrations amidst other cellular components, posing challenges for their precise detection and quantification. While electrochemical detection stands as an important technique, its point‐of‐care diagnostic applications are constrained by complex machinery and sample preparation. To address this limitation, alternative detection strategies for neurotransmitters have been explored. This review discusses the development and principles of array‐based sensors designed for facile and rapid detection of neurotransmitters. Moreover, it explores future prospects for the implementation and advancement of these techniques, envisioning a promising trajectory for improved understanding and manipulation of the human nervous system.
Late Holocene hunting economies in coastal southeastern Australia: Insights from the archaeological fauna of Curracurrang 1 Rockshelter, Royal National Park
Authors: Koungoulos Loukas G. , Balme Jane , O'Connor Sue , Ingrey Shane
Published: February 2024

Curracurrang 1 (1CU5) is a rockshelter site located in the Royal National Park (RNP) on the coast south of Sydney. Excavated from 1962 to 1966, the site's rich Holocene cultural deposit has become important for understanding regional Late Holocene developments in Australian lithic and shell technologies. Our comprehensive analysis of 1CU5's faunal remains is presented here, accompanied by new AMS radiocarbon dates and a reinterpretation of the site's occupation sequence. Much of the midden deposit spans from about 2500 BP to approximately 1850 AD, rather than only the last ∼1500 years as originally believed based on less comprehensive dating. A wide range of terrestrial and marine fauna were exploited at 1CU5, with the relative importance of the latter group increasing within the last ∼1500 years. Greater fish consumption during the later period may relate to use of novel hook and line fishing technology using hooks made from shellfish, but concurrent increases in seals, seabirds and marine invertebrates suggest a broader increased reliance on marine resources. By comparison, the earlier period, which coincides with the manufacture of backed microliths, displays relatively greater reliance on terrestrial marsupials. Taxonomic representation suggests occupation of the shelter from winter through spring, and potentially into summer. Analysis of the 1CU5 fauna marks an important contribution to the understanding of Late Holocene economies at the interface of the greater Sydney and NSW South Coast cultural and biogeographic regions.
Selenium mitigates methotrexate‐induced testicular injury: Insights from male NMRI mice model
Authors: Gholami Mohammadreza , Nemati Afsaneh , Zarasvand Azita Alasvand , Zendehdel Abolfazl , Jalili Cyrus , Rashidi Iraj , Mansouri Kamran , Taheri Forough , Assadollahi Vahideh , Gholami Elham
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim

Chemotherapy, particularly with methotrexate (MTX), often elicits testicular toxicity, leading to impaired spermatogenesis and hormone imbalances. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of selenium (Se) against MTX‐induced testicular injury.

Materials and Methods

Male mice were divided into control, MTX, Se, and MTX + Se groups. Histopathological examination involved the preparation of testicular tissue sections using the Johnsen's tubular biopsy score (JTBS) for spermatogenesis evaluation. Biochemical tests included the assessment of testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was employed to analyze the expression of caspase 3 (casp3), tumor protein 53 (p53), B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), and Bcl2‐associated X protein (Bax) genes. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p < .05).

Results

Histopathological analysis revealed significant testicular damage in the MTX group, with decreased spermatogenesis and Leydig cell count, while Se administration mitigated these effects, preserving the structural integrity of the reproductive epithelium. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that MTX led to elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduced testosterone, LH, and FSH levels, suggesting oxidative stress and Leydig cell dysfunction. Gene expression analysis indicated that MTX upregulated proapoptotic genes (casp3, p53, and bax) while downregulating the antiapoptotic Bcl2 gene. In contrast, Se treatment reversed these trends, highlighting its potential antiapoptotic properties.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the potential of Se as a therapeutic agent to mitigate the reproductive toxicity associated with MTX‐induced testicular injury. Se exerts protective effects by regulating oxidative stress, preserving hormone balance, and modulating apoptotic pathways. These results suggest that Se supplementation could be a promising strategy to alleviate chemotherapy‐induced testicular damage and preserve male fertility.
How to improve IARC's RF‐EMF cancer hazard communication
Authors: Wiedemann Peter M. , Croft Rodney J.
Published: February 2024

A crucial aspect of IARC's evaluation of the relative carcinogenicity of agents is the communication of its conclusions. The present paper addressed the experimental risk perception literature pertaining to IARC's radiofrequency electromagnetic field evaluation communication, and derived specific recommendations for improving it.
Plasma SOMAmer proteomics of postoperative delirium
Authors: Leung Jacqueline M. , Rojas Julio C. , Sands Laura P. , Chan Brandon , Rajbanshi Binita , Du Zhiyuan , Du Pang ,   the Perioperative Medicine Research group
Published: February 2024

Background

Postoperative delirium is prevalent in older adults and has been shown to increase the risk of long‐term cognitive decline. Plasma biomarkers to identify the risk for postoperative delirium and the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are needed.

Methods

This biomarker discovery case–control study aimed to identify plasma biomarkers associated with postoperative delirium. Patients aged ≥65 years undergoing major elective noncardiac surgery were recruited. The preoperative plasma proteome was interrogated with SOMAmer‐based technology targeting 1433 biomarkers.

Results

In 40 patients (20 with vs. 20 without postoperative delirium), a preoperative panel of 12 biomarkers discriminated patients with postoperative delirium with an accuracy of 97.5%. The final model of five biomarkers delivered a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation accuracy of 80%. Represented biological pathways included lysosomal and immune response functions.

Conclusion

In older patients who have undergone major surgery, plasma SOMAmer proteomics may provide a relatively non‐invasive benchmark to identify biomarkers associated with postoperative delirium.
Racial disparities in the relationship of regional socioeconomic status and colorectal cancer survival in the five regions of Georgia
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Han , Vernon Marlo , Su Shaoyong , Coughlin Steven S. , Dong Yanbin
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The study's purpose was to examine 5‐year colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates between White and Black patients. We also determined whether regional socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with CRC survival between White and Black patients in the Clayton, West Central, East Central, Southeast, and Northeast Georgia public health districts.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the 1975 to 2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. The 2015 United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Services county typology codes were used to identify region‐level SES with persistent poverty, low employment, and low education. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed.

Results

Among 10,876 CRC patients (31.1% Black patients), 5‐year CRC survival rates were lower among Black patients compared to White patients (65.4% vs. 69.9%; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, White patients living in regions with persistent poverty had a 1.1‐fold increased risk of CRC death (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00–1.25) compared to those living in non‐persistent poverty regions. Among Black patients, those living in regions with low education were at a 1.2‐fold increased risk of CRC death (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01–1.40) compared to those living in non‐low education regions.

Discussion and Conclusions

Black patients demonstrated lower CRC survival rates in Georgia compared to their White counterparts. White patients living in regions with persistent poverty, and Black patients living in regions with low education had an increased risk of CRC death. Our findings provide important evidence to all relevant stakeholders in allocating health resources aimed at CRC early detection and prevention and timely referral for CRC treatment by considering the patient's regional SES in Georgia.
3D versus 2D: Effects of the number of dimensions of product images on perceptions of product size
Authors: Kwon Soonho , Suda Takanori , Nomura Takuya
Published: February 2024

When shopping online, it is difficult to estimate size from visual cues in the form of product images. While package shape and color have been discussed as factors influencing perceptions of product size, this research focuses on the influence of visual cues, such as the number of dimensions of the product image (i.e., two‐dimensional image vs. three‐dimensional image) on perceptions of product size. This study involved three surveys whose results revealed that three‐dimensional product images are perceived as larger products than two‐dimensional product images. Moreover, three‐dimensional product images positively influenced perceived product weight, suggesting a downstream effect from perceived weight on willingness to pay (WTP, Study 3). The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of how consumers perceive product size from product images in online retailing. Specifically, the results of this study extend our understanding of the mechanisms behind product size perception by including the influential factor of product image dimensionality in size perception bias. In addition, these findings have practical implications. In recent years, food packaging has become smaller, but consumers may react negatively to smaller packages, even when the volume of the contents remains unchanged. For these practical concerns, it may be possible to mitigate the negative effects of downsizing by presenting product images in a three‐dimensional format.
Caspase‐driven cancer therapies: Navigating the bridge between lab discoveries and clinical applications
Authors: Allani Meghana , Akhilesh  , Tiwari Vinod
Published: February 2024

Apoptosis is the cell's natural intrinsic regulatory mechanism of normal cells for programmed cell death, which plays an important role in cancer as a classical mechanism of tumor cell death causing minimal inflammation without causing damage to other cells in the vicinity. Induction of apoptosis by activation of caspases is one of the primary targets for cancer treatment. Over the years, a diverse range of natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic compounds and their derivatives have been investigated for their caspase‐mediated apoptosis‐induced anticancer activities. The review aims to compile the preclinical evidence and highlight the critical mechanistic pathways related to caspase‐induced cell apoptosis in cancer treatment. The focus is placed on the key components of the mechanisms, including their chemical nature, and specific attention is given to phytochemicals derived from natural sources and synthetic and semisynthetic compounds. 180+ compounds from the past two decades with potential as anticancer agents are discussed in this review article. By summarizing the current knowledge and advancements in this field, this review provides a comprehensive overview of potential therapeutic strategies targeting apoptosis in cancer cells. The findings presented herein contribute to the ongoing efforts to combat cancer and stimulate further research into the development of effective and targeted anticancer therapies.
The effect of photobiomodulation therapy in common maxillofacial injuries: Current status
Authors: Alam Mostafa , Karami Shahryar , Mohammadikhah Meysam , Badkoobeh Ashkan , Golkar Mohsen , Abbasi Kamyar , Soufdoost Reza Sayyad , Hakim Lotfollah Kamali , Talebi Sahar , Namanloo Reza Abdollahi , Hussain Ahmed , Heboyan Artak , Tebyaniyan Hamid
Published: February 2024

The use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) may be used for treating trauma to the maxillofacial region. The effects of PBMT on maxillofacial injuries were discussed in this review article. The electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched. This review included in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies describing how PBMT can be used in maxillofacial tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Some studies suggest that PBMT may offer a promising therapy for traumatic maxillofacial injuries because it can stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of various cells, including dental pulp cells and mesenchymal stem cells, enhancing bone regeneration and osseointegration. PBMT reduces pain and swelling after oral surgery and tooth extraction in human and animal models of maxillofacial injuries. Patients with temporomandibular disorders also benefit from PBMT in terms of reduced inflammation and symptoms. PBMT still has some limitations, such as the need for standardizing parameters. PBMT must also be evaluated further in randomized controlled trials in various maxillofacial injuries. As a result, PBMT offers a safe and noninvasive treatment option for patients suffering from traumatic maxillofacial injuries. PBMT still requires further research to establish its efficacy in clinical practice and determine the optimal parameters.
Human 2′‐Deoxynucleoside 5′‐Phosphate N‐Hydrolase 1: The Catalytic Roles of Tyr24 and Asp80
Authors: Carberry Anna E. , Devi Suneeta , Harrison David J. , da Silva Rafael G.
Published: February 2024

The human enzyme 2′‐deoxynucleoside 5′‐phosphate N‐hydrolase 1 (HsDNPH1) catalyses the hydrolysis of 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine 5′‐phosphate to generate 5‐hydroxymethyluracil and 2‐deoxyribose‐5‐phosphate via a covalent 5‐phospho‐2‐deoxyribosylated enzyme intermediate. HsDNPH1 is a promising target for inhibitor development towards anticancer drugs. Here, site‐directed mutagenesis of conserved active‐site residues, followed by HPLC analysis of the reaction and steady‐state kinetics are employed to reveal the importance of each of these residues in catalysis, and the reaction pH‐dependence is perturbed by each mutation. Solvent deuterium isotope effects indicate no rate‐limiting proton transfers. Crystal structures of D80N‐HsDNPH1 in unliganded and substrate‐bound states, and of unliganded D80A‐ and Y24F‐HsDNPH1 offer atomic level insights into substrate binding and catalysis. The results reveal a network of hydrogen bonds involving the substrate and the E104‐Y24‐D80 catalytic triad and are consistent with a proposed mechanism whereby D80 is important for substrate positioning, for helping modulate E104 nucleophilicity, and as the general acid in the first half‐reaction. Y24 positions E104 for catalysis and prevents a catalytically disruptive close contact between E104 and D80.
Psychosis secondary to COVID‐19 in pediatric sickle cell disease
Authors: Khanchandani Ashish , Onuoha Chinonso , Fuh Beng
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

COVID‐19 psychosis is a potential long‐term sequela of COVID‐19. Vulnerable populations, such as individuals with sickle cell disease, are at high risk for psychosis. Given the limited number of cases, more investigations in the etiopathology and management of this new disease is needed.

We report a case of a 15‐year‐old female with a past medical history of depression who developed psychosis post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (COVID‐19). After an initial moderate COVID‐19 infection, the patient appeared to recover and was discharged home. Four weeks later, she presented with symptoms of psychosis and symptoms of cognitive impairment. Imaging studies did not show any evidence of stroke and toxicology studies were negative. She was treated with antipsychotics and required inpatient neuropsychiatric rehabilitation. Acute psychotic syndrome resolved after 3 weeks, antipsychotics were weaned, and an antidepressant was initiated. Mild cognitive impairment with significant memory loss persisted for about 1 year. Thereafter, she returned to her baseline but remains on an antidepressant. Some studies have previously reported the occurrence of psychosis in individuals with COVID‐19. This report is the first outline of severe prolonged post‐COVID‐19 psychosis in a child with sickle cell disease. Given the neurologic vulnerability of children with sickle cell disease, these individuals should be monitored for neuropsychiatric symptoms post COVID‐19.
Photocatalytic Water Splitting for H2 Production via Two‐electron Pathway
Authors: Guo Zhiqi , Tian Yao , He Jiaping , Song Hao
Published: February 2024

In response to energy and environmental crises, solar‐driven pure water splitting is a promising way to produce and store renewable energy sources without environmental pollution. Photocatalytic water splitting via two‐electron pathway (2H2O→H2+H2O2) is a more kinetically favorable way to produce H2 compared with traditional four‐electron pathway. Although numerous efforts have been devoted to investigate the application of two‐electron pathway water splitting, drawbacks still inhibit the efficiency of H2 generation. This review discusses the mechanism and challenges of photocatalytic water splitting via a two‐electron pathway. Then, recent developments in novel photocatalyst preparation and modification strategies for effective H2 generation via two‐electron pathway were discussed, such as morphology and structure modulation, elemental doping, co‐catalyst loading, and heterostructure construction. In addition, the development of stepwise two‐electron pathway which further decomposed H2O2 and release O2 was also introduced. Appropriate co‐catalyst with high H2O2 decomposition activity that is essential for stepwise process was discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities for commercial application of photocatalytic water splitting via two‐electron pathway were briefly outlined.
Controllable Exciton Diffusion Length and Ultrafast Charge Generation in Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Sixuan , Qiao Jiawei , Lu Peng , Qin Wei , Hao Xiaotao
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Charge generation, a critical process in the operation of organic solar cell (OSC), requires thorough investigation in an ultrafast perspective. This work demonstrates that the utilization of alloy model for the non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) component can regulate the crystallization properties of active layer films, which in turn affects exciton diffusion and hole transfer (HT), ultimately influencing the charge generation process. By incorporating BTP‐eC7 as a third component, without expanding absorption range or changing molecular energy levels but regulating the ultrafast exciton diffusion and HT processes, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the optimized PM6:BTP‐eC9:BTP‐eC7 based ternary OSC is improved from 17.30% to 17.83%, primarily due to the enhancement of short‐circuit current density (JSC). Additionally, the introduction of BTP‐eC7 also reduces the trap state density in the photoactive layer which helps to reduce the loss of JSC. This study introduces a novel approach for employing ternary alloy models by incorporating dual acceptors with similar structures, and elucidates the underlying mechanism of charge generation and JSC in ternary OSCs.
Open‐domain event schema induction via weighted attentive hypergraph neural network
Authors: Qin Wei , Wang Hao , Luo Xiangfeng
Published: February 2024

Event schema refers to the use of a template to depict similar events, and it is a necessary prerequisite for event causality extractions. The induction of event schemas is a difficult task, especially for texts in the open domain, due to the complex and diverse manifestations of events. Previous models considered participants in event mentions are independent or compositional, ignoring the high‐order correlations among participants, which limit their capability of induce event schema. To remedy this, we propose constructing an Event Structure Hypergraph (ESH) to better utilizes the event structural information for event schema induction. In particular, we first extract event mentions from the open‐domain corpus. and then construct an ESH by representing event mentions as a hyperedges. ESH contains high‐order information between participants in event mention. To, learn event mentions representation based on ESH, we propose a weighted attentive hypergraph neural network (WHGNN) to model event high‐order correlations and then integrate node‐category weight matrix into the training of network by improving event representation. By applying jointly cluster algorithm on the event mentions representation, we can induce reliable event schemas. Experimental results on three datasets demonstrate that our approach can induce salient and high‐quality event schemas on open‐domain corpus.
Estimation of impact of non‐local ion heat flux model on transport simulation for DEMO‐relevant scrape‐off layer plasma
Authors: Homma Yuki , Hoshino Kazuo , Yamoto Shohei , Tokunaga Shinsuke , Asakura Nobuyuki , Miyato Naoaki
Published: February 2024

In a fusion DEMOnstration reactor (DEMO)‐relevant scrape‐off layer plasma (SOL), whose collisionality is lower than in the SOLs of present‐day tokamaks, kinetic effects are predicted to reduce the plasma heat conductivity along the magnetic field below the value obtained with the classical Spitzer–Harm model. As a part of ongoing efforts to improve the predictive capability of SOL heat transport calculations, we have implemented the non‐local heat flux model proposed by [Luciani, Mora and Virmont, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 (1983) 1664–1667] (here referred to as the LMV model) in the integrated SOL–divertor simulation code SONIC in order to account for the kinetic effect on the heat conduction due to the parallel streaming of rapidly moving particles. Our transport simulations for the Japanese demonstration tokamak reactor concept, JA DEMO, show that the LMV model yields a significantly reduced ion parallel conductive heat flux density both on the low‐ and high‐field side of the upstream SOL. The heat flux obtained with the LMV model seems to be consistent with earlier kinetic simulations of tokamak ion transport. As a consequence of the reduced heat flux, a significant increase in the ion temperature and a decrease in the density have also been found over a broad area of the upstream SOL.
The disciplinary matrix of applied arts and artistic cultures
Authors: Roy Emeline , McLain Matt
Published: February 2024

Applied arts and artistic cultures are taught in vocational high schools, in France, with the aim of developing civic and social skills in students, which are cross‐cutting or generic. To achieve this, this design education revolves around the creation and conception of artefacts. This article explores epistemological issues relating to the role and nature of design education in vocational high schools. Following Kuhn, it proposes a disciplinary matrix of the subject, characterized by objects, knowledge (declarative and procedural) and a set of tasks. These different components make it possible to present a curricular analysis grid of design education in vocational high schools over the past 30 years. This reveals a curriculum development correlated to the evolution of design as an involved social practice. Additionally, the integration of Mitcham's technological manifestations framework enriches this analysis, offering a more comprehensive perspective on the role of technology in design education. This approach indeed clarifies what needs to be taught, fosters the evolution of teaching methods and incorporates new elements such as sustainable development, the environment, collaboration and information technologies. These adjustments reflect changes in professional practices and contribute to civic education in the context of sustainability and ethical challenges. This article makes a significant contribution to debates on the epistemological basis for design education, in France and beyond.
Tailoring Bandgap and Photocatalytic Performance of Designed Zinc Oxide Platelets by Cobalt Doping
Authors: Alkan Bulent , Sukru Ates Ozan , Tumerkan Kesim Mehmet , Suvaci Ender
Published: February 2024

Platelet‐shaped zinc oxide (ZnO) particles exhibit certain advantages compared to conventional micron and nano forms. Their superior surface coverage and excellent optical properties make these particles very attractive as UV filters in cosmetics and personal care applications. Although ZnO is non‐toxic, it exhibits photocatalytic activity (PCA), which increases when the size of particles approaches the nanoscale. High PCA of mineral/inorganic filters is not desired in cosmetics and personal care applications. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to reduce PCA of such materials under UV exposure. Accordingly, the research objective of this study is to develop an understanding of the effects of Co‐doping on the optoelectronic and crystal structure of platelet shaped ZnO particles with Zn1‐xMxO stoichiometry (x=0‐4 wt % cobalt). XRD‐based Rietveld refinement and WD‐XRF reveal that Co was successfully doped into the ZnO lattice. SEM and particle size analyses confirmed that the shape and size of the designed ZnO platelets did not change significantly after doping. ~85 % reduction in PCA has was achieved by 3 wt % Co doping which was attributed to reduced OH and O2 free radical concentration. These results clearly show that Co‐doping can be used to effectively tailor the bandgap and optical properties of the designed ZnO particles.
Sophora japonica L. bioactives: Chemistry, sources, and processing techniques
Authors: Guo Na , Chen Zhuo , Cao Shen‐Quan , Shang Fu‐De
Published: February 2024

Sophora japonica L. is an edible and medicinal woody plant of the legume family. Aside from the well‐known flower and fruit parts, the branches, leaves, roots, and its parasitic fungi contain various bioactive compounds. Besides being consumed as a ready‐to‐eat food, S. japonica is generally processed into extracts and bioactive compounds for use as food ingredients, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products. Various extraction and separation techniques have been applied to obtain bioactive compounds from S. japonica. However, details of the extraction and separation techniques for these compounds, such as the methods, parameters, and corresponding yields, are rarely presented. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the different bioactive compounds of S. japonica, their chemistry, sources, and processing techniques to promote green advanced processing technologies for obtaining them and promote the development of S. japonica bioactive compounds as commercial products for the food and healthcare sector.
Sensory properties of selected biofortified common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties grown in Burundi
Authors: Muroki Mary W. , Waswa Lydiah M. , Fungo Robert , Kabwama Andrew , Eric Nduwarugira , Nepomuscene Ntukamazina , Ndabashinze Blaise , Mahungu Symon M.
Published: February 2024

The dry common bean is an important grain legume used for human consumption worldwide. In Eastern Africa, Burundi has a significantly high per capita consumption of the crop. There has been significant research on the underlying agronomic traits of dry biofortified common beans, such as disease resistance. However, there is limited systematic information describing the sensory properties of these bean varieties, particularly in Burundi. This study evaluated the sensory properties of eight cooked dry biofortified common bean varieties using a panel of fifty‐four (fourteen plus forty) persons for descriptive sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability tests. Kinure, a traditional non‐biofortified common bean variety, was the control. Based on differences in the attributes of the bean varieties, two‐dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) explained 58.94% of the variation. The attributes of astringency, consistency, color, juiciness, beany aroma, stickiness, and bean size contributed mostly to the differentiation of the bean varieties. A 95% PCA prediction ellipse displayed stronger congruity in the descriptive attributes of NUV130, NUV91, RWV1129, RWV1272, and RWR2245. In contrast, a deviation in the descriptive attributes of MAC44, MAC70, and RWR2154 was discerned. Regarding consumer acceptability tests, the varieties RWR2245 and MAC44 garnered significantly higher (p < .05) sensory scores on color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Therefore, the physical traits of cooked biofortified common bean varieties are a major contributor to varietal disparities in consumer acceptance studies. These parameters can greatly impact the adoption of dry biofortified common beans and could be of concern to common bean breeders.
Physicochemical synergistic adsorption of CO2 by PEI‐impregnated hierarchical porous polymers
Authors: Li Lanxin , Luo Zhibo , Zou Wei , Liang Shengke , Wang Hong , Zhang Chen
Published: February 2024

Amine‐functionalized porous polymers have been considered as a prominent chemical adsorption material for carbon capture and storage (CCS) process, because of their large adsorption capacity and high selectivity. By comparison, the low energy‐consumption for desorption and high recyclability are the advantages of the physical adsorption approach. In this work, an amine‐functionalized hierarchical porous polymer was prepared by HIPE (high internal phase emulsions) template and amine impregnation strategy, and applied as CO2 adsorbent to realize chemical adsorption and physical adsorption simultaneously. First, a hierarchical porous matrix of poly(styrene‐glycidyl methacrylate) was prepared by the HIPE method. The formed meso/micropores in the typical porous polymer matrix could attract CO2 molecules, where the physical adsorption was achieved. Subsequently, PEI (polyethyleneimine) was impregnated into the porous polymer with abundant macropores, and the numerous of amino groups provided the reaction sites, where the chemical adsorption was achieved. As a result, an effective CO2 adsorption material was obtained via controlling the porous structure by changing the volume fraction of dispersive phase, impregnation condition and amine loading. Aided by the chemical adsorption of amino groups, the CO2 adsorption capacity of the obtained adsorbent reached 3.029 mmol/g. Moreover, the CO2 adsorption thermodynamics confirmed the physicochemical synergistic adsorption, and then the Qst reduced to 31–42 kJ/mol and a good cyclic stability was obtained. As conclusion, the porous adsorbent showed a good industrial application prospect. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An equity‐driven ecological model for internationalizing doctoral student research training
Authors: Vital Louise Michelle , Yao Christina W.
Published: February 2024

The global academic community is increasingly connected, which has implications for the internationalization of doctoral education. In our previous work, we presented a theoretical approach to doctoral student research training using an ecological theory that provided considerations for individual and programmatic practice. Though our proposed model for doctoral research training is still relevant and valuable, we recognize there is missing a layer of criticality in that framework that would allow for more nuance in doctoral research preparation for international contexts. In this chapter, we apply an equity‐driven lens to our model that accounts for a critical global perspective that was absent in our previous writing. We argue that power and privilege are inherent in all relational aspects of ecological theories and must be included in doctoral research preparation. Thus, we offer recommendations for addressing these issues for the individual doctoral student as well as the faculty and programs that train them and guide their research endeavors.

Practical Takeaways

Inequities are ingrained in all aspects of higher education; thus, we must critically examine how we approach research and scholarship through each system in the ecology of doctoral education.

Faculty have a responsibility to prepare students to respond to global challenges, including how racial, colonial, political, and economic hierarchies inform current international research practices.

We advocate for the application of an equity‐driven lens to an ecological model for doctoral student international research training.

We recommend an equity‐driven, global ecological perspective in approaches to doctoral education broadly, including discipline‐specific courses, mentoring relationships, and graduate assistantships.
Alternative splicing generates a novel ferroportin isoform with a shorter C‐terminal and an intact iron‐ and hepcidin‐binding property
Authors: Juneja Pallavi , Rashid Naira , Abul Qais Faizan , Tanwar Supriya , Sultan Insha , Ahmad Faizan , Rehman Sayeed ur
Published: February 2024

Ferroportin (FPN) is a transmembrane protein and is the only known iron exporter that helps in maintaining iron homeostasis in vertebrates. To maintain stable iron equilibrium in the body, ferroportin works in conjunction with a peptide called hepcidin. In this study, we have identified an alternatively spliced novel isoform of the human SLC40A1 gene, which encodes for the FPN protein and is found to be expressed in different tissues. The novel transcript has an alternate last exon and encodes 31‐amino acid long peptide sequence that replaces 104 amino acids at C‐terminal in the novel transcript. Molecular modelling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies revealed key structural features of the novel isoform (FPN‐N). FPN‐N was predicted to have 12 transmembrane domains similar to the reported isoform (FPN), despite being much smaller in size. FPN‐N was found to interact with hepcidin, a key regulator of ferroportin activity. Also, the iron‐binding sites were retained in the novel isoform as revealed by the MD simulation of FPN‐N in bilipid membrane. The novel isoform identified in this study may play important role in iron homeostasis. However, further studies are required to characterize the FPN‐N isoform and decipher its role inside the cell.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the 15‐item Need for Closure Scale: Scale validation and associations with mental health
Authors: Hang Yaming , Wang Ziyi , Roets Arne , Zong Min , Bu Rui , Feng Yi , Qiao Zhihong
Published: February 2024

Background

Need for closure (NFC) has been found to be implicated in different forms of psychopathology. The 15‐item Need for Closure Scale (NFCS) is an efficient and easy tool for assessing individuals' NFC in Western contexts. However, the psychometric properties of the 15‐item NFCS have not yet been validated in Chinese populations.

Methods

Two different samples of university students from China were recruited in this study. The first sample (N = 5080, 49.9% females) was used to conduct exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The second sample (N = 3968, 64.2% females) was used to perform confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), and bifactor models, followed by tests of measurement invariance and criterion validity.

Results

The full scale showed good internal consistency. The bifactor‐ESEM result with a general factor and four specific factors was chosen as our final model. Strong measurement invariance across sex and ethnicity groups was supported. Evidence was obtained for the criterion validity of NFCS scores with respect to depression, anxiety, and psychological distress.

Conclusion

The Chinese NFCS appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the NFC, which could promote both the assessment and research of the NFC in Chinese populations.
The correlation between the iodine value of coconut shell carbon and their reaction performance for NO2 to NO
Authors: Mu Shifang , Wang Hongliang , Wang Yan , Gu Junchao , Weng Yujing , Sun Qi , Zhang Yulong
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The precise detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) requires the conversion of NO2 to nitric oxide (NO) using a molybdenum conversion furnace. Currently, molybdenum wire is utilized as the conversion agent for the molybdenum furnace; however, the high operating temperature of the molybdenum wire can inadvertently convert ammonia (NH3) in industrial exhaust gas to NO, potentially impacting the accuracy of the detection process. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop low‐temperature conversion agents. The study aims to establish a correlation between the iodine value, which characterizes the liquid‐phase adsorption properties of activated carbon (AC), and its capacity for NO2 conversion, with the potential to provide valuable theoretical insights supporting the development of commercial molybdenum furnace conversion agents.

RESULTS

The iodine value of coconut shell carbon (C) is closely related to their reaction performance for NO2‐to‐NO among three samples with different iodine values. AC‐900, AC‐1200 and AC‐1500 exhibited notable NO2‐to‐NO conversion capabilities. Specifically, AC‐900 demonstrated significantly superior reaction performance compared to AC‐1200 and AC‐1500. Under conditions of 175 °C and 1 L min−1, the NO2 conversion rates for AC‐900, AC‐1200 and AC‐1500 were measured at 97.3%, 88.2% and 86.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the evaluation of AC‐1200 and AC‐1500 at different flow rates at 125 °C revealed a decrease in NO2 conversion with increasing gas flow rate. AC‐1200 exhibited better reaction performance compared to AC‐1500.

CONCLUSION

The structure–activity relationship between iodine value of coconut shell C and their NO2‐to‐NO performance is revealed. The capacity of AC to convert NO2 is significantly influenced by the presence of oxygen (O) functional groups and the proportion of micropores. The content of micropores and O‐containing functional groups, especially phenolic hydroxyl groups, decreases with the increase of iodine value, leading to a decrease in the reaction performance of the conversion agent. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Protective effect of bioactive components from Rubi fructus against oxidative damage in human ovarian granulosa cells induced by 2,2‐azobis (2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Li Xusheng , Liu Ruijing , Huang Xin , Yang Yiting , Yuan Jingquan , Zhang Ying , Sun Jianxia , Bai Weibin
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Diminished ovarian reserve has a serious impact on female reproduction with an increasing incidence every year. An important cause of this is oxidative stress. Rubi fructus, a traditional medicinal and edible plant, has shown therapeutic effects against gynecological diseases. Vanillic acid, isoquercitrin, kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐sophoroside, oleanolic acid, tormentic acid, tiliroside, and ellagic acid are the major bioactive components in R. fructus. However, studies involved in the effectiveness and mechanism of these components in oxidative stress‐induced ovarian dysfunction are scarce.

RESULTS

In this study, the protective mechanisms of the bioactive components were evaluated in human ovarian granulosa cells. Isoquercitrin was significantly superior to other bioactive components in relieving damage in human ovarian granulosa cells induced by 2,2‐azobis (2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, considering enhanced cell viability, reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation, and improved mitochondrial membrane potential level. Isoquercitrin protected human ovarian granulosa cells from oxidative stress by regulating the enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase, inhibiting cell apoptosis, improving the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, and ameliorating heme oxygenase 1 protein expression.

CONCLUSION

Isoquercitrin, a bioactive component in R. fructus, has a significant protective effect on oxidative damage induced by 2,2‐azobis (2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride in human ovarian granulosa cells, providing evidence for its potential application in protecting ovarian function. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.