bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ECC Methodology for Architecture Design Theory and Practices Research
Authors: Bashier Fathi
Published: December 2021

This study proposes the ECC methodology to improve design practices systematically. The article describes the research strategy called the evaluation-creation cycle (ECC) the foundation of the ECC methodology. Recent studies showed that a failure of desired outcomes is often a result of a failure of to understand existing practices. This suggests that improving design requires more than a theory of what exists, it also requires using this understanding to change the design process to one that leads from the existing to the desired through the evaluation-creation cycle approach. This requires understanding the relations of knowledge creation through the analytic and the synthetic practices within the design process, as well as the relations between the design process and the outer design context. The study draws insight from the Renaissance theory in order to obtain understanding the development of descriptive ‘knowledge of design’ focused on increasing design understanding, and based on this prescriptive ‘knowledge for design’ providing design support are created. This has informed the development of the evaluation-creation cycle (ECC) strategy and the ECC methodology based on it. The aims of the ECC methodology are the evaluation of existing practices and the principles that support them, and based on this the development of understanding with which to change the current situations into preferred ones. In this article the evaluation-creation cycle (ECC) approach is described and the ECC methodology based on it introduced, and the way in which design principles can be developed, improved and used to predict desired outcomes is discussed.
Conservation through knowledge: the case study of Parma Botanic Garden
Authors: Ferrari Lia
Published: December 2021

In the restoration field it is well known that the preservation of cultural heritage stands on a deep comprehension of the architectural object, material expression of a complex system made of cultural, technological, historical, social and economic issues. The knowledge of such meaningful structures requires the identification of both typological features and peculiar characteristics, within an interactive dialogue between contributions from different disciplines. Thus, the study of existing buildings is a complex process that needs to be planned: that means conceived, organized and realized with a critical method. The paper aims to show an example of this approach by presenting the knowledge path followed for the analysis of the Botanic Garden in Parma, Italy. This green area is located in the south of the city and hosts several buildings including the school of botany and the elegant greenhouse, built at the end of the 18th century. Recently, the restoration of the architectural complex has been proposed, aiming at its valorisation. The design process was supported by the studies and the analysis of the existing buildings carried out by the research group in Restoration of the University of Parma. In the specific, the constructive phases have been investigated through historical archive researches whereas the current structural systems have been studied through the geometric survey. Moreover, in-situ inspections allowed to define materials, deepening the knowledge of structural elements and their state of conservation. Finally, the survey of the crack pattern and decay allows to highlight vulnerabilities and mechanisms of collapse. In this way, it has been possible to understand the architectural structure thanks to the comparison between all data collected. On the other hand, in order to respect the historical construction, these analyses are required to reach a satisfying level of detail with the minimum action on the material construction, preferring non-destructive investigations. This approach entails assumptions and uncertainties that could be managed thanks to a critical interpretation of the results. Thus, the case study of Parma Botanic Garden shows the importance of planning the knowledge path with awareness in order to progressively deepen the comprehension with an interactive dialogue between the architectural object and the restoration issue.
Methods of Calculation the Increased Reinforced Concrete Elements by Carrying Capacity of Slope Sections
Authors: Mazurak Andrii , Kinasz Roman , Kovalyk Ivan , Mazurak Rostyslav , Kalchenko Vitaliy
Published: December 2021

Reinforcement bending reinforced concrete structures by increasing the cross section and assessing the load-bearing capacity of the inclined section such elements is an urgent problem, as not yet accumulated adequate research data on the stress-strain state such structures in the span, which works on shear and shear bending moment and transverse force. Analyzing the development theories calculation reinforced concrete elements inclined to the longitudinal axis, we can identify many areas, the main approach of which was based on the calculation using the bases of material resistance, and the use of empirical dependencies. Theoretical approaches calculation the European construction magazine RILEM TC, SNiP 2.03.01.-84* are considered, DBN B.2.6-98 2009 (Eurocode 2), US ACI 318-19. Experimental studies reinforced concrete elements to determine the load-bearing capacity inclined sections were performed on the basis of 5 samples reinforced concrete beams, 14 reinforced samples of reinforced concrete and shotcrete a total of 19 pieces in four series. Beams were made of concrete in each series fck = 19.08 MPa; fck = 27.74 MPa; fck = 20.48 MPa; fck = 20.48 MPa, respectively, reinforced samples with concrete fck = 17.95 MPa; fck = 19.5 MPa (shotcrete fck = 31.00 MPa); shotcrete fck = 19.9 MPa; fck = 19.9 MPa. Also for the manufacture and reinforcement beams used flat and U-shaped frames with working longitudinal reinforcement Ø22, Ø16, Ø12, Ø10, Ø6 A400C, and transverse reinforcement Ø6 A240C (step 120 mm). Reinforcement inclined sections of the experimental beams was performed on one, two or three sides, depending on the variant of the sample and the type of frame flat or U-shaped. Investigations of beams were performed according to the static scheme - a beam on two supports, span L=2100 mm. Deformations of concrete and reinforcement in the samples when determining the bearing capacity of inclined sections were measured using microindicators of the clock type, strain gauges. According to the results theoretical and experimental studies the bearing capacity inclined sections to the longitudinal axis, we can see a significant reassessment between the theoretical values inclined sections according to the new DBN B.2.6.-98: 2009 (Eurocode 2) over the actual results obtained during testing samples 53-67% for conventional beams, and 27-50% for reinforced beams. The results US regulations ACI 318-19 showed convergence of results in the range of 2-9% for samples without reinforcement and 1-7% for samples with reinforcement, but the values show the excess of experimental data over theoretical, indicating the impossibility of accurately determining the actual final bearing capacity. The results the calculation obtained by the method of SNiP 2.03.01-84*, both unreinforced and reinforced beams has a satisfactory agreement with the experimental values in the range of 6-10%.
Measures to Prevent Surface Leaks in a Periurban Area Using Responsible Environmental Approaches
Authors: Lucut Marinela , Gîrbaciu Alina , Gîrbaciu Cristian , Stefanescu Camelia
Published: December 2021

Climate change and environmental degradation are an existential threat for Romania and for the whole world. Restoring nature will be a central element of the EU's recovery plan from the coronavirus pandemic, providing immediate investment opportunities to revive the European economy. Both urban and industrial developments are changing landscapes from vegetated permeable surfaces to a series of interconnected impermeable surfaces, resulting in large amounts of rainwater runoff, which requires management. Rainwater runoff is treated by the authorities as a liability and a nuisance that endangers human health and property. Starting from this aspect, over time, systems for collecting and transporting rainwater directly to watercourses have been designed, but without considering the conservation of ecosystems. Rainwater runoff is a source of pollutants washed off hard or compacted surfaces during rain events. These pollutants can be pesticides, herbicides, hydrocarbons, traces of metals but also organic compounds. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), Low Impact Development (LID), Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) are spatial planning and technical design approaches that integrate the urban water cycle, including stormwater management, groundwater and wastewater and water supply, in urban design to minimize environmental degradation and improve aesthetic and recreational attraction. The article presents possible solutions applicable to a locality in the west of Romania that is facing the drainage of meteoric waters. This locality was one of the most affected by the recent floods, with over 6,700 ha of almost destroyed crops, 300 flooded houses, 70% of compromised gardens, the most affected being the new residential neighbourhoods. Timiş County is one of the Romania counties with the largest network of hydrotechnical arrangements (about 480,000 ha on which hydro-amelioration works are executed and over 11,500 km of drainage, irrigation, and soil erosion control channels), it risks becoming a swamp again due to the indifference or ignorance of some of the decision - makers, the lack of appropriate legislation, the non - application of the existing one and the low underfunding after 1990.
Design Method for End-Plate Bolted Connections
Authors: Ioan Birdean Calin , Anghel Cernescu , Nicolae Faur
Published: December 2021

The design of buildings envelopes is more elaborate than it has ever been. Starting from the design method of nodal space frames made of one layer of structure and covered in glass, this paper presents e new type of end-plate beam to beam connection. Specific to this is the fact that both end-plates are welded inside of the tubes, having a minimum gap between them of 2 mm. This will reduce considerably the in-surface and welding-induced end plates tolerances which appear at classical end-plate connections. Through the pre-tensioning of the bolts, a continuous contact surface is assured along the cross-sections of the hollow profiles. Several tests were run with the software Gas Win in order to establish the maximum capacity of the connection. This condition is achieved when the neutral axis goes out of the crosssection and the entire cross-section is compressed. Installation hand-holes were also considered. In order to get a better understanding about the force flow, an FEM analysis was run using the Abaqus software. A comparison between the results followed.
Analysis on the optimal damper quantity of energy dissipation structure
Authors: He Fangqian , Zhang Ting
Published: December 2021

In practical application, the design of energy dissipation usually adopts the concept design, that is, to estimate damper quantity by repeating calculation. However, few studies have quantitatively analyzed the energy dissipation structure. This paper proposed two analysis methods to analysis the damper quantity of energy dissipation structure, the multiple-yield-strength method, and the damping-performance-curve method. Both of them can calculate the optimal damping quantity of the structure by adding metal dampers. The multiple-yield-strength method refers to that the yield strength of the metal damper is set by the multiple of the yield strength of the original structure. The optimal damper quantity of metal dampers can be analyzed by time history analysis. The damping-performance-curve method refers to that the target story displacement of the original structure is set. According to the relationship between the target displacement and the shear force in the damping-performance-curve, the stiffness of the original structure to achieve the target story displacement angle is derived, the stiffness is taken as the optimal damping of the metal damper. The optimal damping quantity is added to the original structure for comparative study which is calculated by the two methods. Both of them have reference value, and it could be beneficial for the promotion of energy dissipation.
Study on Thermal Comfort in Industrial Buildings, Heated by Radiation
Authors: Filipovici Alexandru , Mirela Ţoropoc Sanda , Adam Marius , Rusen Daniela , Tokar Danut , Tokar Adriana
Published: December 2021

This paper is focused on a study between different heating systems commonly used in industrial installations. Industrial heating systems generally raise difficult problems in choosing the most economical system. If several solutions technically meet the requirements of the indoor climate, in terms of energy efficiency we must focus on the optimal solution. The study was conducted to choose the optimal heating solution for an industrial hall, from the point of view of evaluating the efficiency of the installation of an exhaust gas recirculation equipment. The heating of industrial premises generally raises difficult problems due to the diversity of the types of buildings encountered, the variety of activities carried out and the need to choose the most economical system, both in terms of investment and operation. The radiation heating system using natural gas offers the solution of this problem, in situations where the classic heating systems (hot air heating or static bodies) cannot ensure optimal indoor conditions (in the sense that they do not achieve a relatively uniform temperature in the heated space, cause drafts and have low yields). For spaces with a high height (over 4m) these systems can only be considered satisfactory in the case of general heating with very high energy consumption. From the study performed, but also from the specialized technical literature, it is concluded that these systems offer an energy saving, compared to the classical systems.
Mathematical Modelling of Processes in Apparatus with Flowing Three-Dimensional Electrodes for Calculation of Galvanic Waste Water Purification Modes
Authors: Varentsov Valery , Kuzina Valentina , Koshev Alexander
Published: December 2021

The ecology of the urban environment significantly depends on the intensity and toxicity of industrial and other wastewater discharges, both within the city limits and in the areas adjacent to the city. This paper discusses advanced technologies for wastewater treatment from heavy and non-ferrous metal ions in industrial and small enterprises of urban agglomerations. An analysis of the efficiency of using flow-through three-dimensional electrodes for wastewater treatment from harmful reagents is presented. The use of mathematical modeling allows calculating and predicting the results of the technological process, as well as optimizing the process by calculating the effective values of the control parameters, in particular, calculating the modes of treatment of galvanic wastewater from heavy and non-ferrous metals in devices with three-dimensional flow electrodes. The given mathematical models of electrochemical processes in three-dimensional flow electrodes in relation to the extraction of metals from solutions of galvanochemical production allow us to conduct computational experiments. For this purpose, a set of programs has been developed that allows calculating the parameters of the electrochemical process of metal deposition from electrolyte solutions on three-dimensional flow electrodes. The input data for the calculation are the parameters of the deposited component (ion valence, diffusion coefficient), the ion concentration of the deposited component in the solution, the flow rate of the solution, the mass transfer coefficient, the electrical conductivity of the solid and liquid phases of the electrode – solution system, the overall current density, the electrode parameters (porosity, fiber radius, electrode thickness), the electrolysis time. The results of the calculation are: the concentration of metal ions (calculation can be carried out for one or two metal ions contained in the solution), the distribution through the thickness (volume) of the electrode, its conductivity, the mass of metals, the speed of flow of the electrolyte, the coefficients of mass transfer of metal ions, the mass transfer coefficient for oxygen, the potential profiles of the current metals, profile of the current oxygen profile of the current hydrogen, given the profile of the current metals. The solution of a scientific problem of practical importance for improving the ecological state of the urban environment is presented.
Temporary Shoring System on Masonry Buildings After an Earthquake
Authors: Için Helin , Arun Görün
Published: December 2021

Historical masonry structures that make up the cultural assets of a country constitute the identity of the society to which it belongs. For this reason, it should be protected and should be transferred from generation to generation. Earthquakes are threatening action to masonry structures. The force generated by the ground movement may cause shear cracks in masonry structures that may lead to fragmentation and even collapse of the structure. It is necessary to know the earthquake behaviour of masonry structures to be able to apply appropriate temporary shoring system after a damage caused by earthquake in order to prevent the future damages during aftershocks. Thus, the progress of the damages in the building is prevented and it is ensured to survive until detailed investigation or restoration. However, when the applied temporary shoring system designs were examined, the environmental conditions of the building were not taken into account in any guideline on immediate shoring. In this paper, temporary shoring system for 3 traditional houses of Bey District is designed for possible earthquake damages. This district has many registered civil architectures lined side by side along very narrow streets. Some masonry buildings were changed to reinforced concrete with multiple floors. This study includes the registration status of the buildings, their location, the number of floors to be supported, the heights between floors, the height of the forces that can be brought by the adjacent building elements, the width of the street where the facade to be supported, whether there is a window or door opening in the facade to be supported etc. If there are window or door openings, the distances of the opening to the corner points of the building and the distances between the two openings has to be recorded. According to these determinations, possible damages that may occur in the buildings are defined and a temporary shoring system is designed in accordance with the buildings and the surrounding conditions.
Photovoltaic Systems Integration Rules and Restrictions in the Historic Buildings Architecture
Authors: Shuldan Larysa , Al-Akhmmadi Saer
Published: December 2021

Solar photovoltaic systems integration into historic buildings can change significantly the expenses and energy consumption balance in the most energy-unfavourable urban planning segment. A major challenge of renewable energy sources integration is historic buildings value and aesthetics preservation, subject to present legislation compliance and legacy preservation policies. This publication evaluates the solar photovoltaic systems integration in the scope of finding consistency between legal and aesthetic restrictions.
Advances in Vibration-Based Scour Monitoring for Bridge Foundations
Authors: Lan Tianyang , Xu Weimin , Zhao Shichao , Liu Feng , Liu Yang
Published: December 2021

Scouring around bridge foundations is one of the main factors causing structural damage of bridges. Traditional scour monitoring techniques generally require a large number of sensing devices set up underwater, which is difficult to be implemented for actual bridges. To address this issue, scour monitoring technology based on structural vibrations is paid attention gradually, because this technique can work well with less equipment and can be free from the influence of the submerged environment. This study presents a systematic summary and analysis of the selection of scour indicators, sensor deployment principles and other related research involved in scour monitoring technology based on structural vibration. On this basis, the research status of the bridge scour monitoring method based on vehicle excitation is further summarized. Finally, the prospects for the application of vibration-based bridge foundation scour monitoring technology are presented, discussing the technologies that are currently missing and urgently needed for this monitoring method and the challenges faced today.
Shear Assessment of Existing Prestressed Box Girder Bridge
Authors: Baran Jaroslav , Borzovič Viktor , Šenšelová Žaneta
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the shear assessment of existing prestressed concrete box-girder bridges. Mainly focuses on the historical development of technical standards used in the design of prestressed concrete road bridges in the Slovak Republic. The standards for bridge design have been amended several times. A parametric study was performed on a model post-tensioned concrete bridge with a box-girder cross-section, which compares the internal forces along the length of the bridge using various standards and technical regulations., The differences in design principles and shear capacity were investigated while the amount and geometry of the longitudinal prestressing of the bridge were the same for all cases. Case of study is a road three-span post-tensioned concrete bridge with a main span of 50 m and end spans of 40 m. The single box-girder cross section height is constant of 2.5 m. The bridge is straight without any curvature in the horizontal plane. The thickness of the bottom slab is variable near the inner supports. The prestressing is formed by 19-strands tendons with a strand diameter of 15.7 mm with a polygonal cable geometry. The numerical model is considered as a beam element with neglecting of the torsional effects of the load. The parametric study points out the differences in the internal forces with use of different design regulations and standards. It also focuses on the shear resistance of the walls of the box-girder cross-section of the bridge. Differences in design methods are presented by the required area of shear reinforcement in the wall of box cross-section. The aim of the study is to point out the historical development of design from the point of view of shear resistance of prestressed bridges. When assessing existing older bridges and trying to achieve reliability according to the current Eurocodes, there is subsequently a requirement for additional shear reinforcement.
The perspective of coworking offices in the context of the small business development
Authors: Foryś Iwona
Published: December 2021

Basing on the experience of countries where coworking is developing dynamically, the study assesses the development prospects of coworking in Poland. It identified the opportunities and threats as well as strengths and weaknesses of this form of approaching office space in the conditions of the Polish real estate market. SWOT analysis is used as a methodology to capture the advantages of new concept of business office. To this end, statistical and econometric tools were used. The study revealed strong entrepreneurs' attachment to the ownership of office buildings used for their own purposes and the correlation between the number of coworking facilities and the number of small companies, especially in the service sector. The advantages and disadvantages of coworking offices were also pointed out, in the context of the expectations of modern lessees. The opinions of women and men about the features typical of coworking offices vary considerably, which also may be a subject for further research. The existing surveys from the local market were also referred to, which may serve as a premise for further studies. This requires a global research to capture the change and its implication on real estate market in Poland and its impact on office market. The study recommendation is to celebrate and entrepreneurial activity and introduce entrepreneurial studies at schools to influence a positive change. Research indicates that the working culture is changing, which are reflected in the use of office space, and that after a period of social distancing the approach to shaping social relationships within office work will change as well. The research might therefore assist in revealing further “understanding” forms of interactions and mechanisms of decisions about best form of office space. The study findings fill the research gap in the field of office space sharing. They are also an important indication for potential investors who are looking for new investment areas in the times of pandemic. Moreover, the analyses results will allow lessees of traditional office space to consider alternative solutions for the future while seeking to improve their business situation after restrictions imposed in 2020. In this study, has enabled new insights into the coworking office and social role this form of work, which capture the behavioral and cultural factors.
Integral diagnosis on the use of sustainable water treatment technologies
Authors: Muñoz Laura Arboleda , Tamayo Lizeth Peláez , Marulanda David Pineda , Peláez Gloria Carvajal , Pérez Margarita Hincapié
Published: December 2021

The water sector problems are framed by the low rate of adoption of technological innovation, in addition to the great environmental challenges. In Colombia, due to its topography, the provision of the aqueduct and sewerage service is difficult, causing the association of small rural communities to try to supply their need for drinking water for daily activities in a handcrafted way, this added to the increase of the limitations of the different natural resources, it becomes a challenge to guarantee the fundamental right to water and sanitation. This article, based on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals: "Health and well-being", "Clean water and sanitation", "Sustainable cities and communities, and "Responsible consumption and production" presents the results of a research carried out to validate sustainable technologies for safe water treatment systems in communities. Data were collected for a qualitative analysis through interviews applied to representative actors of the sector: water quality laboratories, aqueducts, and utility companies. The study provides information on the different needs identified for each segment, and provides information on the decisions companies make regarding investment in sustainable technologies, highlighting the existing gap in the water sector in innovation management, it presents a diagnosis on the uses of technologies on the water treatment market.
Architecture as a Product of Tourism Consumption
Authors: Cheirchanteri Georgia
Published: December 2021

Nevertheless, iconic architecture assists in the identification of a place, city or precinct, so, structural, functional and aesthetic aspects of architecture, particularly those that represent unique features, attract tourists. Architecture, according to Aldo Rossi, "is at the same time a place, an event and a symbol". Apart from the construction in the "traditional" sense that one perceives, it is also the process by which a building is lined up. It is therefore understood that the concept of architecture which is used, depending on the purpose, as a means of representation, use, impression, but also commercialization. In particular, regarding to the relationship between Architecture and Tourism, buildings and spaces are understood as "products", that means as a series of enhancing activities while at the same time are completing the image and identity of a place (place branding). The aim of this study is to explore the value of iconic buildings to tourism, while assessing their economic and social value in tourism using the benefit transfer method. For example, the Sydney Opera House is exemplary in this respect and is estimated to contribute "US $ 640 million in annual expenses to visitors to Sydney", as it attracts visitors, indirectly encouraging them to spend the night and further. Concluding, it is noted that the value of virtual architecture is often attributed to the construction of brick and reinforced concrete, while the wider benefits that a building can offer are often overlooked or underestimated. However, what attracts the most stray visitors is the design of the buildings and the virtual architecture which in turn identify a part (country or city) of these important landmarks. While the goal of architects is not to create tourist attractions with economic benefits, however, many are increasingly aware that successful design and functional buildings become attractions for visitors on their own – which form an external environment that requires appreciation, so in the end to end up like tourist products.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Timber Portal Frame with Semi-Rigid Knee Joints
Authors: Ozola Lilita , Fabriciuss Janis
Published: December 2021

The problems related to development of rotational deformations of a knee joints and crack propagation in rafter elements of timber portal frames were discussed in this article. The rotational displacement, which develops between the rafter and column members due to the bending deformations of the bolts in the knee joint with a simultaneous embedment into the wood, increases the global deformations of the portal frame. Additionally, to axial force and bending moment the rafter elements are heavily loaded with shear force at the sections near knee joint especially. All effects together create very complicated complex of affecting factors. In the current study the design methodology of timber portal frames has been revised with the purpose to develop a more comprehensive set of design conditions for timber portal frames with dowel type fasteners in the knee joints. It is suggested to use the Hoffman failure criterion taking into account the difference of strength in tension and compression to manage the effects of plastic yielding combined with the crack development in wood assumed it as an orthotropic material. It has been proved by case studies of timber portal frames under service loads, as well as by tests and theoretical considerations. The set of design conditions must be supplement by additional clauses comprising Hoffman failure criterion regarding timber sections heavily loaded in shear and cross grain tension. Also, it is recommended that the design capacity of dowel type fastener should be decreased when shear force transferred by the bolt acts perpendicular to the grain direction inducing tension cross grain direction. Other measure may be application of some surface strengthening method.
Application of Ceramsite Dust as an Active Pozzolan Additive in the Cement-Based Compositions
Authors: Yakovlev Grigory , Saidova Zarina , Gordina Anastasiya , Kuzmina Natalia , Ginchitskaya Yulia , Knyazeva Svetlana , Elrefai Ali Elsaed Mohamed Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Ceramsite (expanded clay) dust is a waste material, obtained in large volumes all over the world as a by-product of ceramsite gravel production. With the development of the construction industry and the ever-growing amount of ceramsite dust disposed in the landfills, the recycling and rational use of this material is becoming a relevant issue. The currently available technologies for the ceramsite waste recycling are very limited, this is why it is necessary to develop a new effective way to involve this waste into the new production. The present research is based on the assumption that ceramsite dust can be applied effectively as an active pozzolanic mineral additive in the cement-based materials. In order to study the composition, structure and properties of the original clay used for the production of ceramsite, as well as the dehydrated clay dust, captured in the dust removing systems of kilns at ceramsite gravel plants, physical and chemical analysis methods were used. Based on the experimental data, the influence of ceramsite dust on the structure and properties of cement compositions was evaluated. Mechanical tests of the samples showed that the introduction of ceramsite dust as an additive in the amount of 3% by the cement weight leads to an increase in compressive strength by 23% in comparison with the reference composition. The paper also presents the results of microstructural analysis, IR spectral analysis and differential thermal analysis of samples modified with the optimal amount of this microadditive. The study of the microstructure of the modified samples shows that the introduction of ceramsite dust into the composition of the cement stone does not only change the morphology of new formations, thus increasing the density of the structure, but also varies the mineralogical composition of the cement matrix with the formation of stronger and more water-resistant minerals in the form of calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminosilicate hydrates. This technology allows the recycling of waste from the production of ceramsite stone, thus improving the environmental situation and contributing to the creation of a circular economy.
Industrial space in Bydgoszcz
Authors: Brzeziński Piotr
Published: December 2021

Because of its specific, industrial space, a challenge from the planning stage to the design stage is constituted. Proper zoning of this space has positive effects on the industrial function, spatial exposure and environmental impact. Proper creation of industrial areas means the impact of these processes on a macro scale. Local government authorities have the most important influence on the formation of industrial areas, which are necessary for the functioning and economic development of a region. The right regional development policy is what places the industrial space in symbiosis with areas of a different purpose. The most important is the selection of an appropriate space - an enclave, where this specific function can exist and be developed without affecting the surroundings, which may be the adjacent urban space. Due to its specifics, locating of industrial areas has a fundamental role in these multifaceted processes. Bydgoszcz Industrial and Technological Park (BPPT) is the biggest industrial area in the district and one of the biggest industrial and technological parks in Poland. As city authorities say “According to the independent report of the World Bank “Doing Business in Poland 2015”, Bydgoszcz is the best city for investment. The potential of the Park and his rapid development are found disregarding not only amongst investors, but also amongst other operators receiving the BPPT infrastructure.” Referred to the above, there are several important questions. How do these assumptions relate to the industrial zone if an urban area is in the close neighbourhood? How should the development of industrial spaces look like, so that it does not adversely affect urban living space? How do the above assumptions refer to the Bydgoszcz Industrial and Technological Park (BPPT)? The matrix presented in the article compares the general assumptions of the interactions of industrial processes and their application for the Bydgoszcz Industrial and Technological Park.
Application of Waste Rock Dust in Cement Binding Mixtures Used in Roadway
Authors: Topoliński Szymon , Gorączko Aleksandra , Beycioğlu Ahmet , Bagriaçık Baki
Published: December 2021

The article contains the results of research on the effect of waste rock dust on the properties of cement-bound mixtures. Gabbro-limestone dust with a significant proportion of active silica and calcium carbonate was used for the tests. The results of strength tests after 28 days of maturation with a variable proportion of cement (3%, 5%, 7%) and rock dust (0%, 10%, 20%) are presented. The stabilized aggregate was fine sand. The obtained results did not show the expected strength and frost resistance of the tested samples. The analysis of the results shows that the addition of rock dust is not applicable in dusty soils.
A Study of Sandwich Reinforced Concrete – Foamed Concrete Floor Slabs
Authors: Sobczak-Piąstka Justyna , Lytvyniak Oksana , Kramarchuk Andrii , Ilnytskyy Borys , Famulyak Yuriy
Published: December 2021

The development of housing construction demands an application of building materials which ensure necessary functional performance of structures, have high heat-insulating properties, are environmentally friendly and their use is economically appropriate. Simultaneous ensuring of mentioned indices is possible because of complex combined joining of building materials with different physical-mechanical properties. This article presents experimental determination of useful load for sandwich reinforced concrete – foamed concrete floor slabs. Sandwich reinforced concrete – foamed concrete floor slabs are the floor slabs which are composed of normal concrete, non-autoclaved foamed concrete and spatial reinforcement frame. Experimental determination of useful load was carried out on series that compose of four sandwich reinforced concrete – foamed concrete floor slabs. Experimental test of sandwich reinforced concrete – foamed concrete floor slabs was carried out under condition of pure bending that was achieved by applying to floor slab in one third of its span two concentrated forces equal in magnitude. Useful load for sandwich reinforced concrete – foamed concrete floor slabs was 33.23÷77.87 kN/m2. Sandwich reinforced concrete – foamed concrete floor slabs are proposed to be used in construction of housing and social structures.
Fragility Analysis and Risk Assessment of Precast Concrete Frames with “Dry” Connections: A Comparative Study
Authors: Wu Chenhao
Published: December 2021

Precast concrete frames (PCFs) with "dry" connections and self-centering capacity have been proposed as a new kind of seismic protective structural system with characteristics of damage controllable mechanism, easy-assemblage and rapid repair speed. The damage mechanism of PCFs are concentrated at the panel zones under earthquake excitations, so as to avoid damage to beam and column components. Through reasonable design for the PCFs, not only the structural and life safeties can be guaranteed, but also the seismic loss and social impact can be minimized. This paper conducts a comparative study between PCFs with "dry" connections and conventional cast-in-situ concrete frame. A generalized beam-column connection analytical model is utilized to predict the seismic behaviour of PCFs with energy dissipation devices, with an emphasis on the opening behaviour at beam-column interfaces, the self-centering capacity provided by prestressed tendons and the hysteresis behaviour provided by energy dissipation devices. Prototype PCFs or cast in situ frame structures are designed to achieve similar deformation capacities in Chinese highly seismic fortification zone. Probabilistic seismic capacity analyses (PSCA) are conducted based on the results of probabilistic pushover analyses and Latin Hypercube Sampling. Incremental dynamic analysis method combined with nonlinear time history analyses are utilized to conduct probabilistic seismic demand analyses (PSDA). Fragility functions of different structural systems are derived based on the convolution of PSCA and PSDA. Finally, the seismic risk is evaluated based on the fragility functions and the developed Chinese seismic code compliant hazard functions. The results indicate that PCFs with energy dissipation devices can have lower seismic risk than conventional cast-in-site frames.
Search for requirements for the width of pedestrian roads in the context of the classification of public space
Authors: Kramarova Zuzana
Published: December 2021

Walking has long been the primary means of human transport. Nevertheless, in recent decades, the insufficient emphasis has been placed on it in the creation and renewal of public space. It focuses mainly on the needs of road transport, the volume of which is constantly growing enormously. It is only in recent years that the view begins to be re-evaluated and trends in the organization of public space gradually changed, as it is true that a larger supply generates a greater demand. Therefore, leading architects are gradually changing their approaches to the organization of public space and put humans, pedestrian transport, and its requirements first. In the Czech Republic, the trend is gradually changing, as it is worldwide. Walking again plays an important role in the creation of sustainable mobility plans for the cities of the Czech Republic. The main problems arise in the actual implementation of these ideas, as the legislative requirements are formulated only in general, unlike the requirements for road transport, which sets out the requirements for minimum road profiles in the context of design speed and traffic intensity in a given cross-section. These requirements are set out in Decree No. 501/2006 Coll. on general requirements for land use and also in CSN 73 6110 Design of local roads (CSN is Czech technical norm). However, such a categorization of requirements for pedestrian roads is not yet solved uniformly for the entire territory of the Czech Republic, even though CSN 73 6110 deals with sidewalks (functional group D roads). ). So far, this categorization is replaced only by seldom locally valid methodologies, manuals, or requirements and regulations in the town plans of individual cities. This paper aims to search for current approaches, legislative requirements, and approaches to addressing the width requirements for pedestrian roads in public space in the context of the classification of this area.
Analysing the Performance of Hollow Core Slabs Strengthened with CFRP
Authors: Moldovan Ilinca-Florina , Nedelcu Mihai , Buru Stefan-Marius
Published: December 2021

External bonding with CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers) has been investigated over the last decade, as it represents a viable technique of strengthening existing prestressed concrete structures, including hollow-core slabs (HCS) with non-circular voids. The high performance of these carbon fibers has been validated through a large volume of experimental and numerical research and yet there are a few issues which remain controversial in simulating their behaviour with the finite element modelling. Although the CFRP mechanical properties are provided by the manufacturers, they are not satisfactory for a complete understanding of the analysis and design approach of HCS strengthened with CFRP. The present research is conducted on prestressed HCS with non-circular voids. The strengthening method consisted in the application of the composite material on the slab’s end internal regions of the voids, on a 500mm length: 1 layer and 2 layers. The objective of this study is to emphasize the effect of damage in the CFRP strips and moreover the interface effectiveness on the CFRP strengthened HCS. Damage is predicted using Hashin’s initiation criteria and the cohesive behaviour in the interface is used to analyse the epoxy resin which bonds the CFRP sheets to the hollow-core units. A plastic damage model was used for modelling the concrete, after a parametric study regarding the dilatancy angle and viscosity parameter was conducted for the most appropriate choice of concrete damage plasticity parameters. The overall procedure consists of numerical FE modelling in Abaqus software. Two different modelling possibilities of CFRP-to-concrete interface were studied: a tie constraint connection was first used and secondly the contact bonding was defined with the cohesive behaviour option of the contact interaction property. The results are provided in terms of load-displacement response, equivalent plastic strain and distribution of Von Misses stresses in the CFRP strips.
Building Climate Resilient City through Multiple Scale Cooperative Planning: Experiences from Copenhagen
Authors: Xu Haiyun , Liu Li , Ding Peng
Published: December 2021

Copenhagen, as one of the well-known European green capitals, has dedicated efforts to implement a series of policies and take action on climate adaptation strategies from 2008 to 2020 to address the challenge brought by global warming. Climate adaptation in new urban planning for stormwater management opens up the dialogue in-between new possibilities for cooperation with multiple stakeholders and climate adaptation projects are developed in multilevel governance. However, in many cities, the organizational capacity of multiple stakeholders at the various level required to combine climate resilience with further sustainability targets may not be available. The paper focuses on the Copenhagen climate adaptation case, and further explores how the city strategically meta-govern the boundaries between the expert governed large-scale water management scheme against small-scale place-based bottom-up projects in collaboration with citizens and other placebased stakeholders. Furthermore, we summarize the experiences of building a climate adaptation city in Copenhagen, which refers to adequate data preparation in the early stage and rigorous planning, well- integration of stormwater management design & landscape design of urban space coordination of various stakeholder’s interests and public participation. Key words: Climate change adaptation; Urban stormwater management; Sustainable cities; Public participation; Green infrastructure
Hypotheses of urban regeneration. Small towns in the Veneto region, Italy
Authors: Pietrogrande Enrico , Caneva Alessandro Dalla
Published: December 2021

This work considers the small towns of the Veneto region, Italy, as a case study, concentrating analysis and proposals for a new urban design on areas that has been affected by a rapid post 2nd world war reconstruction and by following building speculation, thus losing their organic unity with the surrounding parts. The violence that often characterizes the insertion in the twentieth century of disproportionate volumes into the urban fabric inherited from the medieval culture and enriched by Renaissance masterpieces is easily recognizable. This is the reason why a lower standard of living is now perceived, if we accept the idea that standard of living is proportionated to the level of culture expressed by the context. The methodology looks at the town as a result of its spatial structure. More than political, social, and economic systems, reasons for its special nature can be found because of its constancy. Planning new buildings starts from understanding the context, that is, its physical structure. The method adopted is based on studying the history of the place to understand the urban morphology of it. The physical specificity of the urban form is explored with the aim of elaborating a design process to reinforce the public space as a reference point for the community. The spatial aspects and formal image of the transformations have been studied as a premise for the design of the new architecture that has developed because of necessity and the events that have occurred in the territory. Intervening through a process of urban redevelopment inside the city involves measuring according to the values that have become rooted in the areas with the passage of time. Good regeneration practice must not leave recovering the old together with its values out of consideration. This point of view leads us to consider that urbanism as a group of skills and bureaucratic apparatuses must occupy itself with the city and above all with its formal structure rather than be occupied so much with the contents of the legal, financial-economic, and administrative order.