bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Thermal Analysis for the Quantification of Mineralization in Surface Wooden Layers
Authors: Majstríková Tereza , Mec Pavel , Daňková Jana
Published: August 2018

Natural and artificial wooden mineralization leads to mineral particles deposition which positively affects certain properties. An evaluation of mineral content is therefore important. This study is focused on the application of thermal analysis for quantification of mineral content in surface wooden layers. Suitability of methodology used for specimen preparation and testing, and also derived relationships are confirmed by the example of artificial mineralized wood by organosilane.
Influence of Coarse Aggregate Grain Size on Frost Resistance of Concrete
Authors: Kocáb Dalibor , Vymazal Tomáš , Kucharczyková Barbara , Daněk Petr , Halamová Romana , Hanuš Petr
Published: August 2018

This paper deals with the influence of the coarse aggregate grain size on the frost resistance of concrete. For the purpose of the experiment, three types of concrete were produced, varying only in the maximum grain size of the used natural aggregate. The evaluation of the frost resistance of concrete is based on non-destructive (NDT) dynamic and static testing methods. The results of the experiment indicate influences of the aggregate used in the production of the concrete on the results of its frost resistance.
Methods Appropriate for Determination of the Prescribed Reinforcement of the Elements of Reinforced Concrete Structures - Nowadays Used Methods
Authors: Anton Ondřej , Komárková Tereza , Heřmánková Věra
Published: August 2018

The paper reacts to the contemporary situation in the field of determining the position of reinforcement in the reinforced concrete structures, in which the best method used so far – the Co 60 radiography – is significantly limited or even excluded due to the tightening of laws and regulations for management of radiation sources. In the article, the authors focus on the use of alternative NDT methods which, in an appropriate combination, can substitute the present radiographic method. They mention the advantages as well as technological and principle limitations of the methods of georadar and electromagnetic indicators, and on practical examples they demonstrate their usability when used separately or in a suitable combination.
Use of Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Structure
Authors: Lédl Matěj , Šebestová Pavlína , Černý Vit , Drochytka Rostislav
Published: August 2018

This paper deals with the use of computed tomography (CT) images and analytical software for the nondestructive evaluation of the texture of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) with 20% fluidized bed combustion fly ash as a substitute for quartz sand. The samples of AAC, made in the laboratory with the same composition but different ways of curing in the fresh stage (before autoclaving), were subjected to observation of the differences in the texture of the silicate matrix, such as inhomogenity, defects, and pore size distribution. The curing conditions with limited drying resulted in formation of larger, locally-connected pores and additional cracking after autoclaving, which led to a decrease in compressive strength up to 1.32 MPa, compared to samples cured in conditions that allowed complete drying reaching 1.95-1.96 MPa. Also there were problems identified related to imperfect laboratory preparation of the samples, such as agglomeration of individual mixture compounds and larger air void formation, due to the absence of vibrating, cracking and weak spots formation. CT provided sufficient contrasting images for consequent software evaluation of pore size distribution, however a higher resolution of the images is needed for determination of pores smaller than 0,125 mm.
Comparison of Ultrasonic Methods for Thermally Damaged Concrete Nondestructive Testing
Authors: Matysík Michal , Carbol Ladislav , Chobola Zdenek , Dvořák Richard , Plšková Iveta
Published: August 2018

Behaviour of concrete under elevated temperatures is very complex. There is a change of mechanical and physical parameters with temperature. In this paper we study the relations of thermal damage processes in concrete and parameters obtained by different ultrasonic methods. The concrete specimens were heated in programmable laboratory furnace. Selected temperature (200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C, 1000°C and 1200°C) were maintained for 60 minutes. The first ultrasonic measurement technique in this paper was Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity method. The pulse velocity in a concrete depends on its density and its elastic properties. Therefore, it is possible to deduce the quality and the compressive strength of the concrete from the ultrasonic pulse velocity. The second ultrasonic measurement technique in this paper uses broadband pulse-compression signal, with variable amplitude to measure the change of fundamental frequency. This method is based on Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy. Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy methods takes advantage of the fact, that nonlinearities in material manifest themselves as a resonant frequency shifts and harmonics or dumping coefficients changes. The progress of nondestructive testing parameters was confirmed by results from the destructive tests.
Verification of Mineral Particles Deposition in Wooden Construction Elements by Thermal Analysis
Authors: Majstríková Tereza , Daňková Jana , Škopcová Miroslava
Published: August 2018

Wooden construction elements are exposed to many degradation factors during their use that result in structural changes. Structural changes, such as mineral particle depositions, also occur in contact with mineral solutions, which is typical for wooden elements that are partly or completely infiltrated by mine water. In this article, a mine timbering obtained from historical mining galleries in the area of Zlaté Hory is examined to verify specimen authenticity based on mineralization quantification by thermal analysis.
The reversal of Babel: Questioning the early church’s understanding of the gift of the Holy Spirit in Acts as a reversal of the curse of Babel
Authors: Soal Alexander D. , Henry Desmond
Published: August 2018

This article questions whether a further gift of the Holy Spirit in Acts is the reversal of the curse of Babel and thus the rationale for multicultural local churches in an intercultural and globalised world. Using a non-empirical research design, including a literary survey of the Old Testament and New Testament texts and commentaries, the authors examine the significance of the division of language by God at Babel in the Genesis record. The inherent creational imago Dei, genetic and Noahic unity of all humans makes reconciliation, relationship and intercultural communication possible. This is followed by an examination of the impact of Pentecost, where the Holy Spirit’s gift of tongues is found to symbolise the unifying of divided languages and cultures. This leads to the conclusion that the primary purpose of the gift of tongues was not centred on the controversial debate around glossolalia but rather on personal spiritual transformation and intercultural transformation. The Trinitarian nature of God enables all humans, made in his image, to once again be one in Christ. The centripetal gathering of all people at Babel, which led God to centrifugally scatter nations through language, was reversed in Acts 2 by God. This empowered the early church to go out centrifugally to all cultures. The conclusion is drawn that Acts 2 reverses the communication breakdown of Genesis 11 and, in this way, becomes the theological underpinning of multilingual and multicultural churches. Multicultural churches are thus not simply because of the prevailing winds of globalism in our day.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Acts 2 reversing Genesis 11 impacts the discipline of Ecclesiology from a missional perspective (multilingual and multicultural churches, heterogeneous local churches). The article deals broadly with Pneumatology and the Pneumatological rationale, as well as intercultural studies, intercultural communication, intercultural pastoral care, conflict resolution and globalism. Heterogeneous local churches call for a change in the discourse (which is both possible and necessary in a globalised world) of the traditional homogenous church growth principle. This article has broad overlap with some social science theory related to communication, culture and anthropology and offers interesting biblical-cultural insights probing the biblical text.
Is Medical Education Ready for Generation Z?
Authors: Eckleberry-Hunt Jodie , Lick David , Hunt Ronald
Published: August 2018

Sig is a 21-year-old who is considering medical school. Accustomed to hard work, he has received all As in college, while majoring in computer engineering. Sig longs to do something meaningful—to make a difference in the lives of others. He feels paralyzed with self-doubt about incurring massive debt associated with medical school. He also dislikes the idea of taking courses that don't seem relevant. Four years of medical school seems like an eternity, and then there is residency. Sig has never faced such a hard decision. It is disrupting his sleep. On one hand, he could make a good living with his bachelor's degree, but will the job be satisfying? On the other hand, he can commit to 7 or more years of medical education, with more debt, but potentially more enjoyable work. Sig has also heard a lot about dissatisfaction and burnout among physicians. Sig talks with his parents, whose advice he values. He will take some time off to make the best decision. He is in no hurry.
Experimental evaluation of the light sword lens performance with a variable pupil size
Authors: Torres-Sepúlveda Walter , Mira-Agudelo Alejandro , Barrera John Fredy , Kolodziejczyk Andrzej
Published: August 2018

This paper presents an experimental study designed to test the performance of the light sword lens (LSL) with different pupil sizes. To do so, Snellen optotype images obtained by a monofocal lens either with or without an LSL, were compared. Images were obtained for three different pupil sizes at several target vergences. The correlation coefficient and through-focus curves were obtained and compared. The experimental results show differences in the contrast and the depth of focus with different pupil sizes using the monofocal lens without an LSL. In contrast, when using the monofocal lens in combination with the LSL, the quality of the images is similar for all pupils and target vergences used, with slight differences only in halos and contrast. Full Text: PDF ReferencesG. Mikula, Z. Jaroszewicz, A. Kolodziejczyk, K. Petelczyc, M. Sypek, G. P. Agrawal, "Imaging with extended focal depth by means of lenses with radial and angular modulation", Opt Express 15, 9184, (2007). CrossRef A. Kolodziejczyk, S. Bará, Z. Jaroszewicz, M. Sypek, "The Light Sword Optical Element—a New Diffraction Structure with Extended Depth of Focus", J. Mod Opt. 37, 1283, (1990). CrossRef K. Petelczyc et al, "Presbyopia compensation with a light sword optical element of a variable diameter", Photonics Lett. Pol. 1, 55 (2009). DirectLink A. Mira-Agudelo et al, "Compensation of Presbyopia With the Light Sword Lens", Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57, 6871, (2016). CrossRef R.A. Fisher, Statistical Methods for Research Workers (New York, Hafner, 13th Ed., 1958) CrossRef
Preparation and characterization of TiO2/carbon nanowall composite on a transparent substrate
Authors: Pierpaoli Mattia , Lewkowicz Aneta , Ficek Mateusz , Ruello Maria Letizia , Bogdanowicz Robert
Published: August 2018

A transparent titanium dioxide and carbon nanowall composite (B-CNW/TiO2) material was fabricated by growing boron-doped carbon nanowalls (B-CNWs) on quartz glass with microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique, followed by sol-gel deposition using titanium isopropoxide as a TiO2 precursor. Different layer thicknesses were fabricated. Samples were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Results shows how the B-CNW thickness affects the optical transmittance, bandgap and electrical conductivity. Full Text: PDF ReferencesWang, H., Quan, X., Yu, H. & Chen, S. Fabrication of a TiO2/carbon nanowall heterojunction and its photocatalytic ability. Carbon N. Y. 46, 1126–1132 (2008). CrossRef Fujishima, A., Zhang, X. & Tryk, D. A. TiO2 photocatalysis and related surface phenomena. Surf. Sci. Rep. 63, 515–582 (2008). CrossRef Pierpaoli, M., Giosuè, C., Ruello, M. L. & Fava, G. Appraisal of a hybrid air cleaning process. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24, 12638–12645 (2017). CrossRef Sobaszek, M. et al. Diamond Phase (sp3-C) Rich Boron-Doped Carbon Nanowalls (sp2-C): Physicochemical and Electrochemical Properties. J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 20821–20833 (2017). CrossRef Lewkowicz, A. et al. Thickness and structure change of titanium(IV) oxide thin films synthesized by the sol–gel spin coating method. Opt. Mater. (Amst). 36, 1739–1744 (2014). CrossRef Tauc, J. Optical properties and electronic structure of amorphous Ge and Si. Mater. Res. Bull. 3, 37–46 (1968). CrossRef
Linguistic Rencontres in Kim Thúy’s Mãn
Authors: Edwards Natalie
Published: August 2018

Linguist Ofelia Garcia proposes the term ‘translanguaging’ to refer to a ‘dynamic bilingualism’ that ‘is centred, not on languages as has often been the case, but on the practices of bilinguals that are readily observable in order to make sense of their multilingual worlds’. In this article, I examine Kim Thúy’s practice of translanguaging in her 2013 text Mãn. In this text, Francophone Vietnamese writer Thúy blends French and Vietnamese to create a dynamic, plurilingual idiom. I focus on three narrative strategies that Thúy develops: her bilingual inscriptions in the margins of each page, her frequent citations of Vietnamese with no accompanying translation and her creation of words and expressions that meld the two languages to create plurilingual neologisms. Taken together, these strategies move her text beyond the blending of two discreet languages to the invention of a new form of communicating subjectivity in transit.

La linguiste Ofelia Garcia propose le terme ‘translanguaging’ pour représenter un ‘bilinguisme dynamique’ qui est ‘basé non sur les langues, ce qui est souvent le cas pour les théories du bilinguisme, mais sur les pratiques observés chez les individus bilingues pour donner du sens à leur monde multilingue’. Dans cet article, nous analysons la pratique de ‘translanguaging’ de Kim Thúy dans son texte Mãn (2013). Dans ce texte, Thúy, écrivain vietnamien d’expression française, mélange le français et le vietnamien pour créer un langage dynamique et plurilingue. Nous nous concentrons sur trois de ses stratégies littéraires: les inscriptions bilingues dans les marges de chaque page, les citations fréquentes du vietnamien sans traduction, et la création de nouveaux mots et expressions qui mélangent les deux langues pour inventer des néologismes plurilingues. Ensemble, ces stratégies forment un texte littéraire qui n’est pas fondé sur la combinaison de deux langues discrètes mais qui invente une nouvelle forme de subjectivité en mouvement.
Rencontres exceptionnelles
Authors: Vanmai Jean
Published: August 2018

In “Rencontres exceptionnelles” Jean Vanmai offers a thoughtful personal account of his participation in the colloquium “Rencontres”. Taking the perspective of a Caledo-Viet author, whose writing has long been confined to his small home island in the Pacific, he reflects on how his enchanting encounter with a larger community of readers, researchers and, in particular, French and Australian fellow writers of Vietnamese origin reconnected him with his roots and voices of the Vietnamese diaspora. Using the trope of the unanswered letter from a Vietnamese boatperson stranded in a Malaysian refugee camp in the early 1980s, he addresses the painful questions of war, loss and exile. By taking upon himself to respond some forty years later to his compatriot’s distress call, he dwells on the Vietnamese collective past and investigates his own sense of identity and belongingness. He concludes his narrative with the vision of a borderless Vietnamese diaspora where generations of proud descendants of Dragons and Immortals bond and share the same love for the ancestral land.

“Rencontres exceptionnelles” est un compte-rendu personnel et réflectif dans lequel Jean Vanmai réfléchit à sa participation au colloque “Rencontres”. En prenant la perspective d’un auteur Calédo-Viet dont l’écriture a été longtemps confinée à sa petite île au cœur du Pacifique, l’auteur se penche sur les rencontres établies avec les lecteurs, les chercheurs et surtout ses confrères franco- et australo-vietnamiens qui l’ont reconnecté à ses racines et à la diaspora vietnamienne. Il utilise le motif de la lettre morte qu’une migrante vietnamienne échouée dans un camp de réfugiés en Malaisie lui a envoyée et qu’il a oubliée pendant une quarantaine d’années pour aborder les questions douloureuses de la guerre, la perte et l’exil. À travers sa réponse tardive à l’appel de détresse de sa compatriote, Vanmai replonge dans le passé collectif vietnamien et examine ses propres sentiments d’identité et d’appartenance. Pour conclure, il offre la vision d’une diaspora vietnamienne sans frontière où les fiers descendants de Dragons et d’Immortels se retrouvent unis dans un même amour de la terre ancestrale.
What’s in a Name? Thanh-Van Tran-Nhut’s Esprit de la renarde: Translating Characters’ Names in Historical Crime Fiction
Authors: Anderson Jean
Published: August 2018

This is a translation of an extract from Thanh-Van Tran-Nhut’s 2009 crime novel, L’Esprit de la renarde (Spirit of the Vixen, Paris: Picquier Poche), the fifth of eight in the Mandarin Tân series of investigations carried out in 17th-century Vietnam (then called Dai Viêt). An introductory note assists in setting the scene and briefly outlining some of the translation challenges for the text, notably the range of names used in the original. These vary from the relatively exotic (Madame Liu) to the partly French (Madame Prune) and the fully French (Contemplation Retenue).

A partir de la traduction vers l’anglais d’un extrait du polar historique de Thanh-Van Tran-Nhut, L’Esprit de la renarde (2009), le cinquième dans la série des huit romans qui suivent les aventures du Mandarin Tân dans le Viêt-Nam du XVIIe siècle, nous présentons ici quelques réflexions sur la traduction des noms propres. Nous expliquons d’abord le contexte narratif de l’extrait, pour ensuite considérer les défis posés par ce texte, où figurent des noms exotiques pour un lectorat français (tel Madame Liu), des noms déjà ‘traduits’ en partie vers le français (Madame Prune), et des noms entièrement francisés (Contemplation Retenue).
'My Husband was also a Refugee': Cross-Cultural Love in the Postwar Narratives of Vietnamese Women
Authors: Nguyen Nathalie Huynh Chau
Published: August 2018

This article explores the representation of cross-cultural love in the postwar narratives of Vietnamese women. The end of the Vietnam War in 1975 and Vietnam’s reunification under a communist regime led to one of the most visible diasporas of the late twentieth century, in which more than two million Vietnamese left their homeland in order to seek refuge overseas. The main countries of resettlement were the United States, Australia, Canada and France. Vietnamese women in Australia who chose to marry outside their culture constitute a minority not only within the diaspora but also within Australian society and the Vietnamese Australian community. In contrast to the largely negative representations of cross-cultural relationships in novels and memoirs of colonial and wartime Vietnam, these women’s accounts highlight underlying commonalities between themselves and their European partners such as a shared understanding of political asylum or war. The narratives of these women illustrate cross-cultural rencontres that were made possible by the refugee or migration experience, and that signify a distinct shift in the representation of exogamous relationships for Vietnamese women. Oral history provides these women with the opportunity to narrate not only the self but also the interaction between the self and the other, and to frame and structure their experiences of intermarriage in a positive light.

Cet article explore la représentation de l’amour interculturel dans les récits de l’après-guerre des femmes vietnamiennes. La fin de la guerre du Vietnam en 1975 et la réunification du Vietnam sous un régime communiste mena à une des diasporas les plus visibles de la fin du vingtième siècle, pendant laquelle plus de deux millions de Vietnamiens quittèrent leur pays pour se réfugier à l’étranger. Les pays principaux de réinstallation furent les Etats-Unis, l’Australie, le Canada et la France. Les femmes vietnamiennes en Australie qui ont choisi de se marier à l’extérieur de leur culture constituent une minorité non seulement dans la diaspora mais aussi en Australie ainsi que la communité vietnamienne en Australie. Contrairement à la représentation largement négative des relations interculturelles dans les romans et les mémoires du Vietnam colonial et en temps de guerre, les récits de ces femmes surlignent les points communs entre elles et leurs compagnons européens telle une compréhension mutuelle de l’asile politique ou de la guerre. Les récits de ces femmes illustrent des rencontres interculturelles rendues possible par l’expérience d’être réfugié ou migrant, et qui signalent un changement net de position dans la représentation des relations exogames concernant les femmes vietnamiennes. L’histoire orale permet à ces femmes de raconter non seulement le moi mais aussi l’interaction entre le moi et l’autre, et de structurer et d’encadrer leurs expériences de mariage interculturel de manière positive.
Love’s Crystal
Authors: Aveling Harry G
Published: August 2018

The story of the fatal love of a poor fisherman for the daughter of a wealthy mandarin is widely known throughout Vietnam. This paper traces its Chinese origin and its retelling in two forms, a long and a short version, by the Francophone Vietnamese author Pham Duy Khiem (1908–1974). It suggests that rewriting in this way helped Khiem develop the sparse, melancholy style that is characteristic of mature work.
Sauf-Conduit
Authors: Lê Linda
Published: August 2018

“Sauf-Conduit” provides a rare historical reflection on the part of Lê on the refugee exodus out of Vietnam at the Fall of Saigon in 1975 and the means of escape sought by those abandoned in subsequent months and years. Discussing aspects of her own flight, for the first time, Lê reckons with the ‘bénédiction’ that her grandmother called owning a French passport and with a subsequent leave-taking once in France to the world of literature as a new homeland. In the light of other exiled writers, as in the case of her volumes of literary essays, Lê considers here, in a notably personal tone, how the writer who may lay claim to no one passport or identity instead seeks to purvey to a world build of nation states the rich disquiet of non-belonging.

“Sauf-Conduit” offre une rare réflexion historique de la part de Lê sur l’exode des réfugiés vietnamiens à la chute de Saigon en 1975 et la quête d’évasion de ceux qui se retrouvèrent abandonnés au pays dans les mois et les années suivants. Se penchant pour la première fois sur les aspects de sa propre fuite, Lê reconnaît la ‘bénédiction’ selon les mots de sa grand-mère, que constitue le fait de posséder un passeport français et, une fois en France, l’adoption du monde de la littérature comme sa nouvelle patrie. À la lumière d’écrivains en exil, comme ceux évoqués dans ses essais littéraires et, sur un ton très personnel, Lê examine comment l’écrivain qui refuse la détention d’un passeport ou d’une identité vise à y insuffler, dans un monde constitué d’États-nations et délimité par des frontières nationales, l’intranquillité de la non-appartenance.
Investigating the impacts of Saharan dust on tropical deep convection using spectral bin microphysics
Authors: Gibbons Matthew , Min Qilong , Fan Jiwen
Published: August 2018

Abstract. To better understand the impacts of dust aerosols on deep convective cloud
(DCC) systems reported by previous observational studies, a case study in the
tropical eastern Atlantic was investigated using the Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a spectral bin microphysics (SBM) model.
A detailed set of ice nucleation parameterizations linking ice formation with
aerosol particles has been implemented in the SBM. Increasing ice nuclei (IN)
concentration in the dust cases results in the formation of more numerous
small ice particles in the heterogeneous nucleation regime (between −5 and
−38 ∘C) compared to the background (“Clean”) case. Convective
updrafts are invigorated by increased latent heat release due to depositional
growth and riming of these more numerous particles, which results in
increased overshooting and higher convective core top heights. Competition
between the more numerous particles for available water vapor during
diffusional growth and available smaller crystals and/or drops during collection
reduces particle growth rates and shifts precipitation formation to higher
altitudes in the heterogeneous nucleation regime. A greater number of large
snow particles form in the dust cases, which are transported from the core
into the stratiform regime and sediment out quickly. Together with reduced
homogeneous ice formation, the stratiform and/or anvil cloud
occurrence shifts frequency to warmer temperatures and reduces anvil cloud
extents. Total surface precipitation accumulation is reduced proportionally
as IN concentration is increased; though the stratiform precipitation
accumulation is increased due to greater snow formation and growth, it does
not counteract the reduced convective accumulation due to less efficient
graupel formation. Radar reflectivity values are increased in the dust cases
at temperatures below 0 ∘C in both the convective and stratiform
regimes due to more large snow particles, and reduced in the convective core
near the surface due to melt of small ice or graupel particles, consistent
with case study observations.
Source contributions to sulfur and nitrogen deposition – an HTAP II multi-model study on hemispheric transport
Authors: Tan Jiani , Fu Joshua S. , Dentener Frank , Sun Jian , Emmons Louisa , Tilmes Simone , Flemming Johannes , Takemura Toshihiko , Bian Huisheng , Zhu Qingzhao , Yang Cheng-En , Keating Terry
Published: August 2018

Abstract. With the rising anthropogenic emissions from human activities, elevated
concentrations of air pollutants have been detected in the hemispheric air
flows in recent years, aggravating the regional air pollution and deposition
issues. However, the regional contributions of hemispheric air flows to
deposition have been given little attention in the literature. In this light,
we assess the impact of hemispheric transport on sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N)
deposition for six world regions: North America (NA), Europe (EU), South Asia
(SA), East Asia (EA), Middle East (ME) and Russia (RU) in 2010, by using the
multi-model ensemble results from the 2nd phase of the Task Force Hemispheric
Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP II) with 20 % emission perturbation
experiments. About 27 %–58 %, 26 %–46 % and
12 %–23 % of local S, NOx and NH3 emissions and
oxidation products are transported and removed by deposition outside of the
source regions annually, with seasonal variation of 5 % more in winter
and 5 % less in summer. The 20 % emission reduction in the source
regions could affect 1 %–10 % of deposition in foreign continental
regions and 1 %–14 % in foreign coastal regions and the open ocean.
Significant influences are found from NA to the North Atlantic Ocean
(2 %–14 %), and from EA to the North Pacific Ocean
(4 %–10 %) and to western NA (4 %–6 %) (20 % emission
reduction). The impact on deposition caused by short-distance transport
between neighboring regions (i.e., from EU to RU) occurs throughout the whole
year (slightly stronger in winter), while the long-range transport (i.e.,
from EA to NA) mainly takes place in spring and fall, which is consistent
with the seasonality found for hemispheric transport of air pollutants.
Deposition in the emission-intensive regions such as US, SA and EA is
dominated (∼80 %) by own-region emissions, while deposition in the
low-emission-intensity regions such as RU is almost equally affected by
foreign exported emissions (40 %–60 %) and own-region emissions. We
also find that deposition of the coastal regions or the near-coastal open
ocean is twice more sensitive to hemispheric transport than the non-coastal
continental regions, especially for regions in the downwind direction of
emission sources (i.e., west coast of NA). This study highlights the
significant impacts of hemispheric transport of air pollution on the
deposition in coastal regions, the open ocean and low-emission-intensity
regions. Further research is proposed to improve the ecosystem and human
health, with regards to the enhanced hemispheric air flows.
Evaluation of radiosonde humidity sensors at low temperature using ultralow-temperature humidity chamber
Authors: Choi Byung Il , Lee Sang-Wook , Woo Sang-Bong , Kim Jong Chul , Kim Yong-Gyoo , Yang Seung Gu
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Accurate measurements of temperature and water vapor in the upper-air are of
great interest in relation to weather prediction and climate change. Those
measurements are mostly conducted using radiosondes equipped with a variety
of sensors that are flown by a balloon up to lower stratosphere. Reference
Upper Air Network (GRUAN) has identified water vapor pressure as one of the
most important measurands and has set an accuracy requirement of 2 % in
terms of the mixing ratio. In order to achieve the requirement, many errors
in the humidity measurement such as a temperature dependency in sensing
characteristics including measurement values and response time need to be
corrected because humidity sensors of radiosondes pass through low-pressure
(1 kPa) and low-temperature (−80 ∘C) environments in the
upper-air. In this paper, the humidity sensing characteristics of Jinyang
radiosonde sensors in relation to temperature dependencies were evaluated at
low temperature using a newly developed ultralow-temperature humidity
chamber. The sensitivity characteristic curve of the radiosonde sensors was
evaluated down to −80 ∘C, and the calibration curves of the
humidity sensor and the temperature sensor were obtained. The response time
of humidity sensor slowly increased from 52 to 116 s at the temperature from
20 to −40 ∘C, respectively, and then rapidly increased to almost
one hour at −80 ∘C. Those results will help to improve the
reliability of the upper-air observation data.
Varying relationships between fire intensity and fire size at global
scale
Authors: Laurent Pierre , Mouillot Florent , Moreno Maria Vanesa , Yue Chao , Ciais Philippe
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Vegetation fires are an important process in the Earth system. Fire intensity locally impacts fuel consumption, damage to the vegetation, chemical composition of fire emissions but also how fires spread across landscapes. It has been observed that fire occurrence, defined as the frequency of active fires detected by the MODIS sensor, is related to intensity with a hump-shaped empirical relation meaning that occurrence reaches a maximum at intermediate intensity. Raw burned area products obtained from remote-sensing can not discriminate between ignition and propagation processes. Here we use the newly delivered global FRY database, which provides fire patch functional traits including fire patch size from satellite observation, to go beyond burned area, and to test if fire size is driven by fire intensity at global scale as expected from empirical fire spread models. We show that in most regions of the world the linear relationship between fire intensity and fire patch size saturates for a threshold of intermediate intensity fires. The value of the threshold differs from one region to another, and we suggest that it might be driven by drought, and the amount of available biomass. In some regions, once this threshold is reached, we also observe that fire size decreases for the most intense fires, which mostly happen in the late fire season. According to the percolation theory, we suggest that this effect is a consequence of the increasing fragmentation of fuel continuity along the fire season so that landscape-scale feedbacks should be developed in global fire modules.
The Antarctic Ice Sheet response to glacial millennial scale variability
Authors: Blasco Javier , Tabone Ilaria , Alvarez-Solas Jorge , Robinson Alexander , Montoya Marisa
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is the largest ice sheet on Earth and hence a major potential contributor to future global sea-level rise. A wealth of studies suggest that increasing oceanic temperatures could cause a collapse of its marine-based western sector, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, through the mechanism of marine ice-sheet instability, leading to a sea-level increase of 3–5 m. Thus, it is crucial to constrain the sensitivity of the AIS to rapid climate changes. The Last Glacial Period is an ideal benchmark period for this purpose as it was punctuated by abrupt Dansgaard-Oeschger events at millennial timescales. Because their centre of action was in the North Atlantic, where their climate impacts were largest, modelling studies have mainly focused on the millennial-scale evolution of Northern Hemisphere (NH) paleo ice sheets. Sea-level reconstructions attribute the origin of millennial-scale sea-level variations mainly to NH paleo ice sheets, with a minor but not negligible role to the AIS. Here we investigate the AIS response to millennial-scale climate variability for the first time. To this end we use a three-dimensional, thermomechanical hybrid, ice-sheet-shelf model. Different oceanic sensitivities are tested and the sea-level equivalent (SLE) contributions computed. We find that whereas atmospheric variability has no appreciable effect on the AIS, changes in submarine melting rates can have a strong impact on it. We show that in contrast to the widespread assumption that the AIS is a slow reactive and static ice sheet that responds at orbital timescales only, it can lead to ice discharges of almost 15 m of SLE involving substantial grounding line migrations at millennial timescales.
Global fatal landslide occurrence from 2004 to 2016
Authors: Froude Melanie J. , Petley David N.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Landslides are a ubiquitous hazard in terrestrial environments with slopes,
incurring human fatalities in urban settlements, along transport corridors
and at sites of rural industry. Assessment of landslide risk requires
high-quality landslide databases. Recently, global landslide databases have
shown the extent to which landslides impact on society and identified areas
most at risk. Previous global analysis has focused on rainfall-triggered
landslides over short ∼ 5-year observation periods. This paper presents
spatiotemporal analysis of a global dataset of fatal non-seismic landslides,
covering the period from January 2004 to December 2016. The data show that in
total 55 997 people were killed in
4862 distinct landslide events. The spatial distribution of landslides
is heterogeneous, with Asia representing the dominant geographical area.
There are high levels of interannual variation in the occurrence of
landslides. Although more active years coincide with recognised patterns of
regional rainfall driven by climate anomalies, climate modes (such as El
Niño–Southern Oscillation) cannot yet be related to landsliding,
requiring a landslide dataset of 30+ years. Our analysis demonstrates that
landslide occurrence triggered by human activity is increasing, in particular
in relation to construction, illegal mining and hill cutting. This supports
notions that human disturbance may be more detrimental to future landslide
incidence than climate.
Upgrading of an index-oriented methodology for consequence analysis of natural hazards: application to the Upper Guil catchment (southern French Alps)
Authors: Carlier Benoît , Puissant Anne , Dujarric Constance , Arnaud-Fassetta Gilles
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Vulnerability is a complex concept involving a variety of disciplines from
both the physical and socio-economic sciences. Currently, two opposite trends
exist: the physical approach in which vulnerability is analysed as a sum of
potential impacts on elements at risk and the social approach in which
vulnerability is mostly viewed as a combination of socio-economic variables
determining people's ability to anticipate, cope with and recover from a
catastrophic event. Finding a way to combine these two approaches is a key
issue for a global vulnerability assessment. In this paper we propose to
combine elements from these two approaches through the analysis of the
potential consequences of a high-magnitude flood event
(recurrence interval (RI) > 100 years) on human and material stakeholders. To perform
our analysis, we choose to upgrade an existing index, the Potential
Damage Index (PDI; Puissant et al., 2013), by including social criteria. The
PDI was originally developed to assess the physical consequences of hazards on
the elements at risk (people, building and lands). It is based on the
calculation of three sub-indices representing different types of direct and
indirect consequences: physical injury consequences (PIC), structural and
functional consequences (SFC), indirect functional consequences (IC). Here,
we propose to add a fourth sub-index representing the social consequences.
This new sub-index, called social consequences (SC) is obtained by combining
criteria derived from INSEE French census data and a risk-perception survey
conducted in the field. By combining the four indices (PIC, SFC, IC and SC), we
managed to create a new index called the Potential Consequences
Index (PCI). The new PCI was tested on the Upper Guil catchment to
assess the consequences of a high-magnitude flood event
(RI > 100 years). Results of the PDI were compared with the
PCI and show significant differences. The upgrade to the PDI method
provided us with many inputs. The introduction of elements from social
vulnerability added an extra dimension to the total consequence map. It
allowed us to qualify the potential physical consequences (physical injury,
structural and functional consequences) on elements at risk by considering the
global resilience of local communities.
Theoretical study of ice cover phenology at large freshwater lakes based on SMOS MIRAS data
Authors: Tikhonov Vasiliy , Khvostov Ilya , Romanov Andrey , Sharkov Evgeniy
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The paper presents a theoretical analysis of seasonal brightness temperature
variations at a number of large freshwater lakes: Baikal, Ladoga, Great
Bear Lake (GBL), Great Slave Lake (GSL), and Huron, retrieved from
Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) data (1.4 GHz)
of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite. The analysis was
performed using the model of microwave radiation of plane layered
heterogeneous nonisothermal medium. The input parameters for the model were
real regional climatological characteristics and glaciological parameters of
ice cover of the study lakes. Three distinct seasonal brightness temperature
time regions corresponding to different phenological phases of the lake
surfaces: complete ice cover, ice melt and deterioration, and open water
were revealed. The paper demonstrates the possibility to determine the
beginning of ice cover deterioration from satellite microwave radiometry
data. The obtained results can be useful for setting the operating terms of
winter crossings and roads on ice, as with the beginning of ice
deterioration, these transportation routes across water bodies (rivers,
lakes, water reservoirs) become insecure and cannot be used any more.
Potencialidades y límites de la participación de las personas sin hogar en los procesos de intervención social
Authors: Jordi Sánchez Mario
Published: August 2018

En el presente trabajo se analizan los principales factores que se han de contemplar en la implantación práctica de la participación de los usuarios en las intervenciones sociales que se desarrollan en el ámbito del sinhogarismo. Se destacan, entre otros: la difusión de los procedimientos, la persistencia de los estigmas referidos a los usuarios y el carácter vertical de las intervenciones. Junto a ello, otros factores relevantes presentan una notable influencia, como: las implicaciones de un contexto de dificultades socioeconómicas y las particularidades en los perfiles en las personas sin hogar. Las bases empíricas de esta aportación se sustentan en el análisis del discurso de técnicos y especialistas en este ámbito recogidos en entidades públicas y privadas relacionadas con la intervención social en el ámbito del sinhogarismo.
El Trabajo Social como forma de control: un análisis desde la Epistemología Histórica
Authors: Morán Carrillo Jose María , Flores Sánchez Manuel
Published: August 2018

El Trabajo Social en su devenir histórico se alía con el poder y profesionaliza la asistencia ante las presiones y desajustes del capitalismo. El Control es sustantivo para comprender el Trabajo Social, de forma que su expertividad opera utilizando el discurso y prácticas institucionales, es decir, a través de una concepción epistemológica que sanciona determinados saberes, prácticas y formas de ayuda. El presente trabajo defiende que el Trabajo Social logra su efecto cuando genera subjetividades en la gente y transmite certidumbre a través del ejercicio del poder. En secuencia histórica, se demuestra como una vez alcanzada la emancipación del modelo estamental, la sociedad liberal y el individualismo sienta las bases del capitalismo; éste es el espacio natural donde el Trabajo Social ejercerá una forma de control como mediador entre el capital y trabajo. Su presencia institucional, su mimetismo con la Iglesia y la vinculación ideológica de las primeras escuelas y procesos formativos hacen necesario acudir al concepto de “control” para explicar el surgimiento del Trabajo Social en España.
Explotación sexual de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Comprender para transformar. Estudio de las prácticas de trabajo con supervivientes realizadas puestas en marcha por una asociación de protección a la infancia en Madagascar
Authors: Bautista Cosa Olga
Published: August 2018

Este artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo en un recurso especializado de atención a jóvenes en situación de explotación sexual, en Madagascar. La explotación sexual ha tomado en las últimas décadas una dimensión y unas características que son propias de esta época globalizada. La relevancia de la problemática requiere un marco teórico sólido y bien armado que permita poner en marcha acciones pertinentes que ayuden a superar y transformar la realidad que fomenta y mantiene esta problemática. La investigación que se ha llevado a cabo pretende contribuir a la creación de conocimientos significativos en torno a esta temática, incorporando los conocimientos y marcos de trabajo más relevantes en la materia, las prácticas de los profesionales y las experiencias de las y los jóvenes.
Repensar la intervención social con grupos: premisas y orientaciones para una práctica transformadora
Authors: Martínez González Alejandro
Published: August 2018

Este artículo propone una revisión de la intervención social con grupos, especialmente de los denominados socioeducativos y socioterepéuticos, con el objeto de ofrecer ciertas orientaciones qeu ayuden a guiar y mejorar su práctica. Parte de la reconsideración de las aportaciones qeu más contribuyeron a construir el cuerpo teórico de la disciplina del trabajo con grupos, frecuentemente desconocidas por los profesionales de la intervención social, así como de la identificación de algunas de las acciones que más limitan sus posibilidades, entre las que se encuentra su simplificación. Y centra para ello especialmente su atención en la descripción de un conjunto de aspectos trascendentales para la comprensión de sus procesos y a los que, sin embargo, apenas aluden los materiales qeu pretenden guiar el trabajo social y educativo con los mismos. El encuadre y la diferencia entre grupo y agrupamiento, el concepto de matriz grupal, la determinación de la tarea, el tránsito de la dependencia a la interdependencia, la consideración del poder y la pertenencia y la posibilidad de la complementariedad de roles, se presentan así como elementos ineludibles para un verdadero acompañamiento grupal transformador.
Pagar la deuda social. La degradación del sistema público estatal de protecciones sociales en Argentina
Authors: Campana Alabarce Melisa
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión en torno a cuatro grandes desplazamientos que definen la degradación del sistema público estatal de protecciones sociales en la Argentina contemporánea, a saber: del derecho a la protección a la chance de crédito; del colectivo al individuo; de la igualdad a la equidad; y de la ciudadanía a la meritocracia. Si bien estas trayectorias se observan en diferentes áreas del espectro público-estatal, en este artículo se analizarán las propuestas de reforma en materia de política laboral y de previsión social que viene planteando la alianza gobernante en la agenda mediática y parlamentaria, ya que constituyen una síntesis cabal de los cuatro movimientos señalados.
De aquellos barros, estos lodos. Un intento fallido de responsabilización pública: las personas sin hogar
Authors: Rubio-Martín María José
Published: August 2018

Una vez reinstaurada la Democracia en el Estado Español, el desarrollo de un Sistema Público de Servicios Sociales supuso un cambio en la atención prestada a las Personas sin Hogar. Pero, casi treinta años después, este ámbito sigue siendo uno de los menos desarrollados dentro del llamado cuarto pilar del Bienestar. En este artículo, y a través de un enfoque sociohistórico, se analizan las limitaciones que ha supuesto ese cambio. En concreto, se atiende a la desconexión del Sistema Público de Servicios Sociales con otras áreas de la Política Social, así como al escaso desarrollo que el primero ha llegado a alcanzar. Por último, se aborda la desigual participación y responsabilidad de las distintas administraciones públicas en relación al sinhogarismo.
El Trabajo Social relacional: una perspectiva para rastrear la configuración socioambiental del riesgo de inundación en los asentamientos precarios
Authors: Amorocho Pérez Amanda Patricia , Palacio Tamayo Dolly Cristina
Published: August 2018

En la actualidad, las implicaciones y las consecuencias de las interacciones humanas en la sostenibilidad socioambiental y ecológica y en la construcción del riesgo son incontestables. Desde esta perspectiva, el Trabajo Social hoy tiene una oportunidad para recuperar las bases de su teoría social sobre la relación entre “la persona y su entorno” y aplicarlas a las interacciones socioambientales de las comunidades vulnerables, relativizando su papel en la configuración de los desastres por inundación en los asentamientos precarios. En este sentido, en este artículo presentamos una perspectiva relacional que indaga en las interacciones socioambientales de las poblaciones que migran por desplazamiento forzado, aplicando el análisis de redes sociales (ARS), para comprender la configuración socioambiental del riesgo de inundación en los asentamientos precarios, con la ilustración de un caso en Colombia. Nos encontramos con redes de migrantes que fundan asentamientos precarios en zonas de protección ambiental con una precaria percepción del riesgo –cuando hay desesperación, falta de oportunidades y de acceso a la tierra– para la construcción de viviendas, que conforma unos vínculos institucionales informales que sostienen el desarrollo del asentamiento con favores políticos. Reconocer la formación de estas redes es una oportunidad para reflexionar acerca de sus formas de pensar y de actuar, así como estas son una pieza importante de información para proponer escenarios de diálogo entre los actores implicados que, a su vez, facilite la definición de acuerdos colectivos que construyan ambientes más seguros y sostenibles.