bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral rehydration of malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration: A systematic review
Authors: Houston Kirsty A. , Gibb Jack G. , Maitland Kathryn
Published: October 2017

Background: Diarrhoea complicates over half of admissions to hospital with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of dehydration recommend the use of oral rehydration with ReSoMal (an oral rehydration solution (ORS) for SAM), which has lower sodium (45mmols/l) and higher potassium (40mmols/l) content than old WHO ORS. The composition of ReSoMal was designed specifically to address theoretical risks of sodium overload and potential under-treatment of severe hypokalaemia with rehydration using standard ORS. In African children, severe hyponatraemia at admission is a major risk factor for poor outcome in children with SAM complicated by diarrhoea. We therefore reviewed the evidence for oral rehydration therapy in children with SAM.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on 18th July 2017 comparing different oral rehydration solutions in severely malnourished children with diarrhoea and dehydration, using standard search terms. The author assessed papers for inclusion. The primary endpoint was frequency of hyponatraemia during rehydration.

Results: Six RCTs were identified, all published in English and conducted in low resource settings in Asia. A range of ORS were evaluated in these studies, including old WHO ORS, standard hypo-osmolar WHO ORS and ReSoMal. Hyponatraemia was observed in two trials evaluating ReSoMal, three children developed severe hyponatraemia with one experiencing convulsions. Hypo-osmolar ORS was found to have benefits in time to rehydration, reduction of stool output and duration of diarrhoea. No trials reported over-hydration or fatalities.

Conclusions: Current WHO guidelines strongly recommend the use of ReSoMal based on low quality of evidence. Studies indicate a significant risk of hyponatraemia on ReSoMal in Asian children, none have been conducted in Africa, where SAM mortality remains high. Further research should be conducted in Africa to evaluate optimal ORS for children with SAM and to generate evidence based, practical guidelines
Prevention of Younger Schoolchildren Neglect and Delinquency
Authors: Мусс Галина , Muss Galina , Русакова Т. , Rusakova T.
Published: October 2017

The article discusses the especially topical today problem of rise in crime among children and adolescents, and decrease in the age threshold of committing offenses. The results of a study conducted at the regional level based on the consolidation of efforts of various departments are disclosed. The causes of delinquency in childhood are indicated, pedagogical factors that positively influence the solution of the problem of prevention of neglect and offenses of younger schoolchildren are described.
Study of Uridylic Nucleotides Contents and the Investigation Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase in Liver and Small Intestine Mucosa Exposed when Administered to Rats Orotic Acid and Perftoran
Authors: Нагиев Э. , Nagiev E. , Нагиева С. , Nagieva S. , Исмаилова Ф. , Ismailova F.
Published: October 2017

Purpose: Study of uridylic nucleotides content and aspartate carbamoyltransferase which was a key enzyme on the pathway for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides in tissues of irradiated animals upon administration of orotic acid and perftorane was conducted.

Material and methods: Studies were performed on random-bred albino rats subjected to a single γ-ray exposure at a total dose of 6 Gy. Orotic acid was injected as potassium salt in a dose of 60 mg / kg, perftoran salt in a dose of 1 ml / 100 g water.

Results: A decrease in the content of UTP and UDP, as well as an increase in UMP after irradiation, especially on the 7th day, was established. The most pronounced changes in the studied biochemical parameters take place in the mucosa of the small intestine. The administration of orotic acid and perftorane to irradiated animals contributes to a significant correction of both the nucleotide content and the activity of aspartate carbamoyltransferase.

Conclusion: The radiation leads to some decrease in the content of UDP and UTP. Changes in the content of nucleotides and activity of aspartate carbamoyltransferase in the mucosa of the small intestine are more pronounced in comparison with liver tissue. The combined administration of orotic acid and perftorane promotes the normalization of the content of nucleotides, and the activity of aspartate carbamoyltransferase in the liver and mucous membrane of the small intestine of irradiated animals.
Organization of personneindividual protection conducting diagnostic and treatment procedures using radionuclide and generating sources of ionizing radiation
Authors: Рубцов В. , Rubcov V. , Клочков В. , Klochkov V. , Нефедов А. , Nefedov A. , Тюнеева Л. , Tyuneeva L. , Клочкова Е. , Klochkova E. , Требухин А. , Trebuhin A.
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To improve radiation safety of medical staff and patients during diagnostic and treatment procedures with using of radionuclide radiation sources.

Materials and methods: Staff working conditions have been analyzed and the potential for using of various personal protective equipment has been assessed based on the developed framework of personal protection of medical staff and patients at nuclear medicine centers. In accordance with methods described in the current Russian standards, specimens of personal protective equipment manufactured at Russian industrial plants and suitable for use by medical staff and patients at nuclear medicine centers have been tested.

Results: Results of laboratory tests of new advanced high-performance personal protective equipment of various purposes for protection of medical staff and patients during diagnostic and treatment procedures with using of radionuclide radiation sources are provided. Training and information documents and guidelines have been developed, including “Study guide on personal protection during diagnostic and treatment procedures with using of radionuclides and ionizing radiation sources” for various departments of the Institute of Continuing

Vocational Education, State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia, and “Guidelines on personal protection of medical staff and patients during diagnostic and treatment procedures with using of radionuclides and ionizing radiation sources”.

Conclusion: Study guide and Guidelines on personal protection of medical staff and patients at nuclear medicine centers during diagnostic and treatment procedures with using of radionuclide radiation sources, as well as the draft of the Standard guidelines on delivery of free personal protective equipment to medical staff have been developed based on the results of work and studies.
DESIGN OF VARIABLE CHARACTER OF EDUCATIONAL SPACE IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF THE STUDENTS OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Authors: Попова Лариса , Popova Larisa
Published: October 2017

The article reveals the variative organization model of students on the lesson. Used and applied methods and methodologies at the lesson stages are described in the article. They are: motivationally-oriented stage, stage of studying the new material or forming practical skills and the stage of reflection.
Bedside Assessment of the Necessity of Daily Lab Testing for Patients Nearing Discharge
Authors: Tsega Surafel , O'Connor Michelle , Poeran Jashvant , Iberti Colin , Cho Hyung J.
Published: October 2017

As part of the Choosing Wisely® campaign, the Society of Hospital Medicine recommends against performing “repetitive complete blood count chemistry testing in the face of clinical and lab stability.” With this recommendation as a framework, we targeted 2 hospitalist‐run inpatient medicine units that employed bedside, scripted, interdisciplinary rounds. Our multifaceted intervention included prompting the hospitalist to identify clinically stable patients for next‐day discharge and to discontinue labs when appropriate. It was coupled with the education of the clinicians and a regular data review for the hospitalists and unit staff. Among 2877 discharges included in a 1‐year period, there was a significantly decreasing trend after the intervention in the percentage of patients getting labs in the 24, 48, and 72 hours before discharge (–1.87%, –1.47%, and –0.74% decrease per month, respectively; P < .05). Our structured, multifaceted approach effectively reduced daily lab testing in the 24 to 48 hours prior to discharge.
Posted Pricing vs. Bargaining in Sequential Selling Process
Authors: Feng Qi , Shanthikumar J. George
Published: October 2017

We study the role of bargaining in a firm’s sequential selling process. The seller firm under consideration sequentially sells a fixed amount of stock to a random arrival stream of potential buyers who are heterogeneous in product valuation. Based on the stock level and the time to the end of the selling season, the seller may dynamically choose either to post a take-it-or-leave-it price or to engage in bargaining with an arriving buyer. We introduce a stochastic order, called the scaled pricing order, for the buyer’s valuation distribution. The scaled pricing order measures the average portion of trade surplus that the seller can obtain by posting a price. For distributions with increasing length-biased hazard rate, checking the property of increasing (decreasing) scaled pricing order boils down to verifying the concavity (convexity) of the Mills’ ratio. We fully characterize the family of distributions that are invariant in the scaled pricing order, which includes uniform and exponential distributions. When the buyer’s valuation distribution belongs to the invariant family, the seller should stick to either pricing or bargaining throughout the selling season, depending on her bargaining power vis-à-vis the buyer. When the buyer’s valuation is increasing (decreasing) in the scaled pricing order, the seller should choose pricing (bargaining) when she has a small (large) stock to sell over a long (short) horizon. We also discuss several model variations to demonstrate the application of the scaled pricing order in analyzing sequential trading processes.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1651 .
Advances in nursing assessment and management of urinary incontinence for stroke survivors
Authors: Slark Julia , Stewart Lisa
Published: October 2017

Urinary incontinence (UI) affects up to 60% of patients following stroke. National clinical guidelines in the UK, Australia and New Zealand recommend that people with stroke who have confirmed difficulties, once assessed, should have a continence management plan. Despite this, management is suboptimal, with less than two thirds of stroke units in the UK having a documented plan to promote continence. National clinical guidelines for stroke in the UK also recommend patients with stroke who have continued loss of bladder control 2 weeks after diagnosis should be reassessed to identify the cause of incontinence and have an ongoing treatment plan involving both patients and carers. Despite these guidelines, there is low reported use of assessment tools to screen, assess and manage UI in the acute setting, and the ongoing care and management of UI in rehabilitation and long-term care facilities is inconsistent. This review of the literature highlights the evidence base available and recommends that health professionals looking after stroke survivors should be urged to complete training and education to improve their understanding of the need for assessment and management of UI in stroke survivors for better patient care and recovery.
Antithrombotic treatment for ischaemic stroke
Authors: Birns Jonathan
Published: October 2017

There have been considerable advances in stroke research leading to translation of drug therapy for stroke into the clinical arena. Thrombolysis has significantly reduced disability and revolutionised the manner in which acute ischaemic stroke is treated and anti-platelet agents and anticoagulants have a strong evidence base for the secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke. This article outlines the active approach towards treatment and prevention of ischaemic stroke utilising the antithrombotic medications currently available and highlights the role played by the stroke specialist nurse.
Reviews
Authors: Mullen Mark , Kassab Yousif
Published: October 2017

EVENT HORIZON

Elite Dangerous: Horizons, Frontier Developments (2015–17)

PC, Playstation 4 and Xbox One, $59.99 (USD)

 

Game Art and Culture Review

Inside Let it Die: The art of game economics

 

Absurdities as aesthetics: The play and payoff is in the details

Let it Die, Grasshopper Manufacture (2016)

Playstation 4, avg. 50 hours gameplay, free
Independência do Banco Central: uma crítica sob a perspectiva pós-keynesiana de seus pressupostos e objetivos
Authors: Torrezan Raphael Guilherme Araujo , Da Silva Guilherme , Soares Danielle De Almeida Mota , Strachman Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Este trabalho analisa a tese da Independência do Banco Central sob uma perspectiva pós-keynesiana, contrastando-a com os pressupostos da teoria novo-clássica e de outras abordagens ortodoxas, encarando o Banco Central como uma autoridade que detém funções que vão além da estabilização de preços. Para isso, foram analisadas as bases teóricas das propostas de independência e da eficiência da política monetária, como estimuladoras da economia. Posteriormente, mostrou-se a crítica pós-keynesiana a essa abordagem, ressaltando os argumentos contrários à neutralidade da moeda e à taxa natural de desemprego, demonstrando a irrealidade e fragilidade desses pressupostos, além de sua incompatibilidade com regimes democráticos, propondo uma atuação conjunta do Banco Central e de outros instrumentos macroeconômicos.
Bacillus NP5 Improves Growth Performance and Resistance Against Infectious Myonecrosis Virus in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (Bacillus NP5 Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Ketahanan Terhadap Infeksi Virus Myonecrosis pada Udang Putih (L. vannamei)
Authors: Widanarni Widanarni , Yuhana Munti , Muhammad Arief
Published: October 2017

Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang sering menyerang udang vaname. Probiotik banyak digunakan pada budidaya udang karena terbukti mampu mengurangi serangan penyakit pada udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian probiotik Bacillus NP5 melalui pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan, respons imun, dan resistensi udang vaname terhadap infeksi Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV). Udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei (2.41±0.07 g ekor-1) diberi pakan yang disuplementasi probiotik Bacillus NP5 dengan dosis yang berbeda, 102 CFU.g-1 (A), 104 CFU.g-1 (B), 106 CFU.g-1 (C), dan kontrol tanpa suplementasi probiotik (kontrol negatif, KN; kontrol positif, KP) selama 30 hari dan dengan tiga ulangan untuk masing-masing dosis, kemudian KP, perlakuan A, B, dan C diuji tantang secara intramuskular dengan IMNV (100 µl.ekor-1). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa udang vaname yang diberi pakan dengan suplementasi probiotik mempunyai laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH), rasio konversi pakan (RKP), dan respons imun yang lebih tinggi. Udang tersebut juga mempunyai total hemocyte count (THC) dan resistensi terhadap IMNV yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol positif. Konsentrasi probiotik 106 CFU.g-1 memberikan hasil terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan, respon imun, dan resistensi udang vaname terhadap infeksi IMNV. Kata kunci: probiotik, Bacillus NP5, Litopenaeus vannamei, pertumbuhan, IMNV Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN) is one of the most prevalent white shrimp diseases. Probiotics are widely used in shrimp cultivation because they have been proven to reduce shrimp disease outbreak. This study aimed to observe the effect of oraly administered probiotic Bacillus NP5 on the white shrimp's growth performance, immune response, and resistance to Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) infection. White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2.41±0.07 g individual-1) were fed with a feed supplemented with different doses of the probiotic Bacillus NP5, i.e. 102 CFU.g-1 (A), 104 CFU.g-1 (B), 106 CFU.g-1 (C), and control without any probiotic (negative control, KN; positive control, KP) for 30 days and with three replications for each dose, then KP, treatment A, B, and C were challenged intramuscularly with IMNV (100 µl.shrimp-1). The results of the study showed that white shrimp fed with the supplemented probiotic had higher Daily Growth Rate (DGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), and immune response. They also had the higher Total Hemocyte Count (THC) and resistance to IMNV than the positive control. Probiotic with concentration of 106 CFU.g-1 gave the highest value on enhancing growth, immunity, and resistance of white shrimp towards IMNV infection. Key words: probiotic, Bacillus NP5, Litopenaeus vannamei, growth, IMNV
Levels and Health Risk Assessments of Cd and Pb in Pomadasys maculatus Marketed by Karachi Fish Harbor, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Quratulan , Bat Levent
Published: October 2017

Aim of this study was to measure cadmium and lead concentrations in the edible tissues of Saddle grunt Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793) from Karachi Fish Harbor different seasons of the year 2011.  Results showed that the concentration varied from 0.18 to 1.14 with a mean of 0.59 ± 0.05 mg.kg-1 for Cd and from 0.02 to 1.54 with a mean of 0.54 ± 0.05 mg.kg-1 for Pb. These concentrations are higher than the maximum permissible values in European and other international regulations (Global Agricultural Information Network Report for China, Russian Federation , Australia New Zealand Food Standards, Georgian Food Safety Rules, Turkish Food Codex and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food). However the average weekly intakes of Cd and Pb per body weight values (minimum-maximum) were 0.021 (0.0063-0.0399) and 0.019 (0.0007-0.0539)mg.week-1.70 kg body weight-1, respectively and not exceeded the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) established. Consumption of Saddle grunt from the Karachi coasts of Pakistan can therefore be said to constitute no health risks so far as the heavy metals investigated are concerned. However, due to the Cd and Pb muscle levels exceeded the maximum levels of fish permitted for human consumption, a plausible health risk could be posed by long-term exposed through Saddle grunt consumption. Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Pomadasys maculatus, Karachi coast, Pakistan
Adding Resistance Training to the Standard of Care for Inpatient Substance Abuse Treatment in Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Improves Skeletal Muscle Health Without Altering Cytokine Concentrations
Authors: Vingren Jakob L. , Curtis John H. , Levitt Danielle E. , Duplanty Anthony A. , Lee Elaine C. , McFarlin Brian K. , Hill David W.
Published: October 2017

Vingren, JL, Curtis, JH, Levitt, DE, Duplanty, AA, Lee, EC, McFarlin, BK, and Hill, DW. Adding resistance training to the standard of care for inpatient substance abuse treatment in men with human immunodeficiency virus improves skeletal muscle health without altering cytokine concentrations. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 76–82, 2018—Substance abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can independently lead to myopathy and related inflammatory alterations; importantly, these effects seem to be additive. Resistance training (RT) can improve muscle health in people living with HIV (PLWH), but the efficacy of this intervention has not been examined for PLWH recovering from substance abuse. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of RT on muscle health markers (mass, strength, and power) and basal circulating biomarkers for men living with HIV undergoing substance abuse treatment. Men living with HIV undergoing 60-day inpatient substance abuse treatment completed either RT (3×/wk) or no exercise training (control) for 6 weeks. Muscle mass, strength, and power, and fasting circulating cytokines (interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and cortisol were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) the 6-week period. Both groups received the standard of care for HIV and substance abuse treatment determined by the inpatient facility. Muscle mass, strength, and power increased (p ≤ 0.05) from PRE to POST for RT but were unchanged for control. No differences were found for circulating biomarkers. Adding RT to the standard of care for substance abuse treatment improved aspects of muscle health (mass, strength, and power) in men living with HIV. These improvements are associated with a lower risk of a number of health conditions. Therefore, practitioners should consider implementing RT interventions as part of substance abuse treatment programs in this population to help manage long-term health.
Shades of Blue
Authors: Leavy Patricia
Published: October 2017

In this essay, Leavy discusses the 2016 release of her novel Blue. When Blue was released, Leavy publicly stated it was her favorite and most personal book, which precipitated a flood of e-mails from both friends and strangers asking whether she was a particular character in the book. Leavy challenges the idea that something must be autobiographical to be personal and explains what is actually personal about the book by sharing the childhood experiences that inspired the setting.
Negotiating Industrial Heritage and Regional Identity in Three Australian Regions
Authors: Eklund Erik
Published: October 2017

This article investigates the relationship between industrial heritage and regional identity during deindustrialization in three Australian regions. Newcastle, in the state of New South Wales (NSW), was a coal-mining and steel-production center located north of Sydney. Wollongong, also in NSW, was a coal-mining and steel-production region centered around Port Kembla, near the town of Wollongong. The Latrobe Valley was a brown coal-mining and electricity-production center east of Melbourne. All regions display a limited profile for industrial heritage within their formal policies and representations. In Newcastle and Wollongong, the adoption of the language of the postindustrial city has limited acknowledgement of the industrial past, while the Latrobe Valley’s industrial heritage is increasingly framed by concerns over current economic challenges and climate change.
Estrogen is an important mediator of mast cell activation in ovarian endometriomas
Authors: Zhu Tian-Hong , Ding Shao-Jie , Li Tian-Tian , Zhu Li-Bo , Huang Xiu-Feng , Zhang Xin-Mei
Published: October 2017

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease. Previous research has shown that abnormal enzymes associated with estrogen (E2) metabolism and an increased number of mast cells (MCs) in endometriomas are implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. However, it remains unclear how MCs mediate the role of E2 in endometriosis. Accordingly, we investigated whether E2 was associated with the number of MCs, and the rate of degranulation, in local ovarian endometriomas, as well as the role of E2 on MCs during the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry, we found that concentrations of E2, and the number and activity of MCs, were significantly higher in ovarian endometriomas than in controls, and that these parameters were correlated with the severity of endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea. By measuring the release of hexosaminidase, we found that the rate of RBL2H3 cell degranulation increased after E2 treatment. Furthermore, activation of RBL2H3 cells by E2 was found to trigger the release of biologically active nerve growth factor, which promotes neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and also sensitizes dorsal root ganglion cells via upregulation ofNav1.8and transient receptor potential cation channel (subfamily V member 1) expression levels. When treated with E2, endometriotic cells could promote RBL2H3 cell recruitment by upregulating expression levels of stem cell factor, transforming growth factor-β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; these observations were not evident with control endometrial cells. Thus, elevated E2 concentrations may be a key factor for degranulation and recruitment of MCs in ovarian endometriomas, which play a key role in endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea.
GĖDA KAIP STOKOS PATYRIMAS: NAUJAS FENOMENOLOGINIS POŽIŪRIS
Authors: Raba Martin
Published: October 2017

Šio straipsnio tikslas yra pasiūlyti naujo fenomenologinio požiūrio į gėdą apmatus. Tvirtinama, jog dominuojančios gėdos teorijos yra pernelyg siauros ir gėdą supranta vien kaip socialinių sankcijų baimę ar intymią patirtį, kai subjektas tampa išorinių socialinių normų objektu. Parodoma, kad gėdą reikėtų suprasti kaip individo išgyvenimą, jog jis nėra pajėgus pasiekti ego idealo standartų, nes stokoja kažko vertingo. Žvelgiant iš šios perspektyvos, gėda yra labai intymus išgyvenimas, kai individas vertina save neigiamai, nes esą stokoja to, kas, jo nuomone, jam reikalinga. Kita vertus, kadangi stoka pasireiškia tik individui lyginant realųjį savo Aš su ego idealu, gėda visuomet pasižymi ideologiniu aspektu, nes ego idealas atspindi bendras ideologines vertybes, prie kurių individas prisirišęs ir kurios sudaro dalį jo savipratos.
SUBJEKTINIŲ TEISIŲ PRIGIMTIES PROBLEMA ŠIUOLAIKINĖSE TEISINIO POZITYVIZMO TEORIJOSE
Authors: Baltrimienė Milda
Published: October 2017

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama šiuolaikinio teisinio pozityvizmo teorijose pateikiama subjektinių teisių samprata. Skiriamos dvi teisiniam pozityvizmui priskiriamos vyraujančios subjektinių teisių koncepcijos: valios teorijos ir interesų teorijos. Straipsnyje siekiama pagrįsti, jog remiantis pamatinėmis teisinio pozityvizmo prielaidomis – atskirties ir šaltinio tezėmis – subjektinės teisės terminas teisinio pozityvizmo teorijose tampa nebūtinas ir perteklinis. Dėl šios priežasties valios ir interesų teorijoms siekiant pagrįsti tam tikrą subjektinės teisės funkcijos apibrėžimą neišvengiamai susiduriama su prieštaravimais arba nukrypimais nuo pamatinių teisinio pozityvizmo prielaidų. Straipsnyje siekiama įrodyti, jog aktyviai vykstantį ginčą tarp valios ir interesų teorijų lemia prioriteto skirtingoms gėrio sampratoms teikimas. Tai reiškia, jog teisinis pozityvizmas analizuodamas subjektinių teisių prigimtį negali atsiriboti nuo vertinimų, priklausančių turinio sričiai.
GLOBALI IR NUOLATINĖ TAIKA: ILIUZIJA AR REALYBĖ?
Authors: Borš Vanja
Published: October 2017

Šio straipsnio tikslas yra suprobleminti globalios ir nuolatinės taikos galimybę. Kaip atspirties tašką, t. y. kaip tokios žmogiškosios egzistencijos formos sąlygą, autorius siūlo postkonvencinę moralę, kurią savo dorovinėje raidoje pasiekia tik nedaugelis žmonių. Tokiame kontekste šiame straipsnyje svarstomos platesnės šios moralės formos sklaidos per auštojo mokslo sistemą sąlygos ir galimybės. Tačiau pradinė nuostata yra ta, kad to neįmanoma pasiekti šiandieną vyraujančia ugdymo forma, o veikiau ugdymu, kuris pabrėžia specifinę ir unikalią filosofijos ir antropologijos vertę. Šiaip ar taip, būtent postkonvencinė moralė yra tikrojo (transkultūrinio) auksinės taisyklės supratimo ir elgesio pagal ją, t. y. buvimo sulig universaliaisiais etikos principais, sąlyga.
Envenomation caused by the bite of the snake Bothriechis schlegelii. Report of two cases in Colombia
Authors: Galofre Ruiz Mario
Published: October 2017

La mordedura de serpiente del género Bothriechis es frecuente en regiones de Colombia como el eje cafetero. Debido a sus costumbres arborícolas y su actitud defensiva, por lo general estas serpientes muerden a agricultores en sus miembros superiores y rostro. En Colombia, la incidencia de accidentes provocados por este tipo de serpiente aún no ha sido estimada con exactitud, ya que existen deficiencias en el registro de los mismos, así como desconocimiento de este reptil por parte del personal de salud que trabaja en su área de influencia. En este artículo se presentan dos casos de mordeduras por B. schlegelii ocurridos en Colombia en 2015. El primero, un hombre de 55 años con mordedura en mano izquierda, que desarrolló parestesias y edema hasta antebrazo sin otros hallazgos y que fue sometido a tratamiento con antivipérido polivalente de Probiol®, con resolución completa del evento. Por su parte, el segundo caso es el de un hombre de 62 años que fue mordido en mano izquierda, presentando emesis, diaforesis, edema hasta el hombro y tiempos de coagulación prolongados, sin sangrado; el paciente requirió ocho ampollas de antivipérido polivalente del Instituto Nacional de Salud (Colombia), con lo que se logró normalización de tiempos de coagulación y resolución completa del evento.
Stump appendicitis in a 2 year-old patient. Case report and literature review
Authors: Ramírez Andrés Guillermo , Fierro Fernando , Holguín Diana Alejandra , Méndez Mizrahinn
Published: October 2017

La apendicitis del muñón es una causa poco común de abdomen agudo quirúrgico en niños, razón por la cual su diagnóstico no se sospecha con frecuencia. Este artículo reporta el caso de un paciente de dos años admitido en el servicio de urgencias por vómito, dolor abdominal y fiebre.Al ingreso, el paciente presentaba taquicardia, taquipnea, distensión abdominal y dolor difuso a la palpación del abdomen; los laboratorios evidenciaban leucocitosis, trombocitosis y elevación de la PCR. Inicialmente, se consideró obstrucción intestinal con base en antecedentes de peritonitis secundaria a una apendicitis perforada; sin embargo, debido al deterioro hemodinámico y al aumento del dolor abdominal, fue llevado a laparotomía exploratoria de urgencia.Durante el procedimiento se encontró peritonitis generalizada con apendicitis de la base, perforación intestinal, múltiples adherencias y, de forma incidental, un divertículo de Meckel. Se realizaron las intervenciones quirúrgicas correspondientes, y por su grave estado, fue hospitalizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), en donde recibió tratamiento con antibiótico de amplio espectro por 14 días y varios lavados peritoneales; por último, el paciente fue dado de alta satisfactoriamente.Aunque la apendicitis del muñón no es una causa frecuente de abdomen agudo, es necesario considerarla en aquellos pacientes con antecedentes de apendicitis y que ingresan por dolor abdominal, ya que la demora en el tratamiento se asocia con mayor morbilidad y aumento en los costos de atención.
Reporte de caso: hacia un aprendizaje Activo Progresivo Basado en la Clínica (APB-C)
Authors: Parada Baños Arturo José
Published: October 2017

Reporte de caso: hacia un aprendizaje Activo Progresivo Basado en la Clínica (APB-C)
Plato or Platonism. A topic in descending dialectic
Authors: Luft Eduardo
Published: October 2017

***Platão ou Platonismo. Um tópico em dialética descendente***A ontologia dialética pode ser reconstruída percorrendo dois caminhos complementares. A via ascendente (anabasis) parte da influência da ontologia de Platão, mediada por Nicolau de Cusa, sobre Bertalanffy, o fundador da teoria de sistemas. Esta abordagem teórica, uma vez convergindo com o darwinismo, dará nascimento à teoria dos sistemas adaptativos complexos e logo se espalhará pelas diversas ciências, transmudando-se de uma ontologia regional (ontologia da biologia) em parte relevante de uma nova ontologia geral (uma teoria do ser enquanto ser que, obviamente, não deve ser confundida aqui com uma ontologia meramente formal). O caminho descendente (katabasis), a via eminentemente filosófica, também parte de dois ramos distintos que, ao final, convergem: por um lado, esta via conduz da teoria das ideias de Platão ao idealismo alemão e à crítica imanente ao sistema de Hegel (tópico que tem sido, por um longo tempo, minha ocupação principal de pesquisa); por outro lado, e este será nosso tópico principal no presente ensaio, ela investiga o impacto decisivo do desenvolvimento autocrítico da filosofia de Platão sobre o projeto de uma ontologia relacional deflacionária ou, simplesmente, uma ontologia de redes.
Investigating the nighttime urban heat island (Canopy Layer) using mobile transverse method: A case study of colon street in Cebu City, Philippines
Authors: Shih Rowell Ray Lim , Kistelegdi István
Published: October 2017

Rapid urbanization has resulted in temperature differences between the urban area and its surrounding areas. Academics have called this as the urban heat island phenomenon. Among the places that have seen rapid urbanization is the City of Cebu. The Philippine’s oldest street, Colon, was chosen as the study area due to the near absence of vegetation and closely spaced buildings. Buildings that are spaced more closely as well as multiple absorptions and reflections produce higher and more viable street temperatures. This study tries to systematically understand the urban heat island effect between Colon and Lawaan, the rural area defined in this study. In order to quantify the urban heat island between two given locations, the mobile traverse method during the summer time, for a 10-day period in May 2016. A digital thermometer measuring platform was mounted on top of a vehicle to measure the different temperatures of Colon Street. Urban temperatures were also gathered in the Lawaan area using the same device. Preliminary results showed the presence of the urban heat island phenomenon between the two areas (ΔT =1.17 °C). The provision of green spaces and proper urban planning are essential in mitigating future urban heat stress due to anthropogenic changes of existing cities.
Hygrothermal simulations and In-situ measurements of ultra-lightweight concrete panels
Authors: Orosz Máté , Nagy Balázs , Tóth Elek
Published: October 2017

The aim of the paper is to investigate the hygrothermal properties of a newly developed building panel, made of ultra-lightweight concrete, encased cold-formed steel elements. It describes the hygrothermal simulations of the wall and roof panels, and based on results, the heat transfer coefficients and linear thermal transmittances are determined. The hygrothermal behavior of main structural joints (wall corner, wall-roof and wall-ground connections) is also simulated using real indoor and outdoor conditions. For validating the results, a model building was investigated.
Effect of air entraining admixture on the properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating supplementary cementitious materials
Authors: El Mir Abdulkader , Nehme Salem G.
Published: October 2017

Self-compacting concrete has gained a wide range of applications as a result of its unique properties, which can offer high strength and durable type of concrete with the proper selection of the raw materials. The purpose of this study was to show the effect of the use of high dosage of air entraining admixture on the properties of self-compacting concrete. An experimental investigation on the frost-salt scaling resistance of conventional and air entraining selfcompacting concrete incorporating slag-blended cement and supplementary cementitious materials was carried out. Further fresh and hardened properties tests including slump flow, V-funnel, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, air void characteristics and water absorption tests were performed to obtain an objective evaluation between air and non-air entrained self-compacting concrete mixtures. Air void characteristics were evaluated through the automated image analysis procedure to enrich this investigation. Results indicate the following: the air entraining admixture highly decreased the compressive strength up to 52% and the metakaolin was the governing supplementary cementitious material concerning the scaling resistance and water absorption in comparison with the silica fume.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПЕРЕВАГ І НЕДОЛІКІВ ПРИ В И ЗНАЧЕННІ КЛЕЙКОВИНИ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНИМ І РУЧНИМ СПОСОБОМ
Authors: ЖИГУНОВ Д. О.
Published: October 2017

Товарне зерно пшениці класифікується за різними ознаками, нормами якості та системами його оцінки, прийнятими і чинними в конкретній країні. Універсальних класифікацій зерна не існує, тому визначальними є показники якості. Одним з показників якості зерна пшениці в Україні, що визначає його хлібопекарські властивості і зумовлює клас пшениці, є кількість і якість клейковини. На даний момент, користуються декількома стандартами для визначення кількості і якості клейковини, тому виникає потреба в їх порівнянні для встановлення співвідносності. В статті проведено порівняльний аналіз методів визначення кількості і якості клейковини за двома діючими стандартами: ГОСТ 13586-68 «Зерно. Метод визначення кількості і якості клейковини в пшениці» і ДСТУ ISO 21415-2:2009 «Пшениця та пшеничне борошно. Визначення вмісту клейковини. Частина 2. Визначення вмісту сирої клейковини механічним способом». Згідно ДСТУ ISO 21415-2:2009 не передбачено визначення якості клейковини, але порівняння методів її визначення проводилося для двох стандартів за методикою ГОСТ 13586-68. Встановлені основні відмінності між стандартами, що можуть впливати на результати, а саме: спосіб відмивання клейковини (ручний і автоматизований), різна рідина для замішування тіста (вода та сольовий розчин), наявність та відсутність часу витримування(ферментації) тіста. Для досліджень були обрані 80 зразків зерна одного року врожаю, вирощеного в Південних регіонах нашої країни, з різною кількістю клейковини і різною її якістю. Встановлено, що зі збільшенням кількості клейковини від 18…20 до 28…30 % її значення за ДСТУ ISO 21415-2:2006 менше ніж за ГОСТ 13586-68 на 1,5…2,0 та 3,0…4,0 %, відповідно. Значення показника ІДК при відмиванні за ДСТУ ISO 21415-2:2006 для сильної клейковини співпадають або менше на 3…5 ум.од. ніж за ГОСТ 13586-68, для слабкої клейковини – менше на 5…10 ум.од. Встановлено, що тривалість ферментації істотно впливає на визначення кількості і якості клейковини. При відсутності тривалості витримування тіста значення як кількості, так і якості клейковини значно відрізняються від даних показників, отриманих за ГОСТ 13586-68, в якому передбачено 20-хвилинне відлежування сформованої кульки клейковини. Проте, збільшення тривалості витримування тіста до 30 хв. на показники кількості та якості клейковини не впливає. Таким чином підтверджено, що оптимальним часом відлежування клейковини є 20 хв. ферментації.
Consensus Guideline for Use of Glucarpidase in Patients with High-Dose Methotrexate Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Delayed Methotrexate Clearance
Authors: Ramsey Laura B. , Balis Frank M. , O'Brien Maureen M. , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Pauley Jennifer L. , Bleyer Archie , Widemann Brigitte C. , Askenazi David , Bergeron Sharon , Shirali Anushree , Schwartz Stefan , Vinks Alexander A. , Heldrup Jesper
Published: October 2017

Acute kidney injury due to high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is a serious, life-threatening toxicity that can occur in pediatric and adult patients. Glucarpidase is a treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration for high methotrexate concentrations in the context of kidney dysfunction, but the guidelines for when to use it are unclear. An expert panel was convened to provide specific, expert consensus guidelines for the use of glucarpidase in patients who develop HDMTX-induced nephrotoxicity and delayed methotrexate excretion. The guideline provides recommendations to identify the population of patients who would benefit from glucarpidase rescue by more precisely defining the absolute methotrexate concentrations associated with risk for severe or life-threatening toxicity at several time points after the start of an HDMTX infusion. For an HDMTX infusion ≤24 hours, if the 36-hour concentration is above 30 µM, 42-hour concentration is above 10 µM, or 48-hour concentration is above 5 µM and the serum creatinine is significantly elevated relative to the baseline measurement (indicative of HDMTX-induced acute kidney injury), glucarpidase may be indicated. After a 36- to 42-hour HDMTX infusion, glucarpidase may be indicated when the 48-hour methotrexate concentration is above 5 µM. Administration of glucarpidase should optimally occur within 48–60 hours from the start of the HDMTX infusion, because life-threatening toxicities may not be preventable beyond this time point.

Implications for Practice

Glucarpidase is a rarely used medication that is less effective when given after more than 60 hours of exposure to high-dose methotrexate, so predicting early which patients will need it is imperative. There are no currently available consensus guidelines for the use of this medication. The indication on the label does not give specific methotrexate concentrations above which it should be used. An international group of experts was convened to develop a consensus guideline that was specific and evidence-based to identify the population of patients who would benefit from glucarpidase.
Individual Trade-Offs Between Possible Benefits and Risks of Cancer Treatments: Results from a Stated Preference Study with Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Postmus Douwe , Richard Sarah , Bere Nathalie , van Valkenhoef Gert , Galinsky Jayne , Low Eric , Moulon Isabelle , Mavris Maria , Salmonsson Tomas , Flores Beatriz , Hillege Hans , Pignatti Francesco
Published: October 2017

Background

The objectives of this study were to elicit the preferences of patients with multiple myeloma regarding the possible benefits and risks of cancer treatments and to illustrate how such data may be used to estimate patients’ acceptance of new treatments.

Patients and Methods

Patients with multiple myeloma from the cancer charity Myeloma UK were invited to participate in an online survey based on multicriteria decision analysis and swing weighting to elicit individual stated preferences for the following attributes: (a) 1-year progression-free survival (PFS, ranging from 50% to 90%), (b) mild or moderate toxicity for 2 months or longer (ranging from 85% to 45%), and (c) severe or life-threatening toxicity (ranging from 80% to 20%).

Results

A total of 560 participants completed the survey. The average weight given to PFS was 0.54, followed by 0.32 for severe or life-threatening toxicity and 0.14 for mild or moderate chronic toxicity. Participants who ranked severe or life-threatening toxicity above mild or moderate chronic toxicity (56%) were more frequently younger, working, and looking after dependent family members and had more frequently experienced severe or life-threatening side effects. The amount of weight given to PFS did not depend on any of the collected covariates. The feasibility of using the collected preference data to estimate the patients’ acceptance of specific multiple myeloma treatments was demonstrated in a subsequent decision analysis example.

Conclusion

Stated preference studies provide a systematic approach to gain knowledge about the distribution of preferences in the population and about what this implies for patients’ acceptance of specific treatments.

Implications for Practice

This study demonstrated how quantitative preference statements from a large group of participants can be collected through an online survey and how such information may be used to explore the acceptability of specific treatments based on the attributes studied. Results from such studies have the potential to become an important new tool for gathering patient views and studying heterogeneity in preferences in a systematic way, along with other methods, such as focus groups and expert opinions.
Potential scour evaluation around piers of historical masonry arch bridges: a case study
Authors: Latifi Milad , Chamani Mohammad R. , Halabian Amir M. , Jafari Mohammad R.
Published: October 2017

Bridge scour could be blamed as one of the main causes of failures in masonry arch bridges. Consequently, foundation settlements due to scour are the most threatening cause of damage for historical bridges because of their hidden nature, the capacity to affect the integrity of the whole bridge and the sensitivity of the arches to displacements. Pier settlements produce the development of cracking mechanisms in the arch barrels which affect the global stability of the bridge and lead to irreversible failures and full collapse. Scour estimation in these bridges is a difficult task because of the geometric complexities and existing different shapes of footings. Many empirical equations as well as laboratory data are presented for prediction of the maximum scour depth in bridge piers; however, an equation that especially describes the scour depth in piers with footings has not yet been presented. The scope of this study is to evaluate the scour in the historical Sio-Se-Pol Bridge in Isfahan, Iran. Constriction scour and local scour are computed and their sum is considered as the total scour in the bridge. Comparison of the computations and laboratory results shows an acceptable correlation. Consequently, the existing equations are precise to estimate such scour depths.
Behaviour of modified lightweight aggregate concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures
Authors: Ma Qianmin , Guo Rongxin , Sun Yanlin , He Kecheng , Du Haiyun , Yan Feng , Lin Zhiwei , Zhao Zhiman
Published: October 2017

An inorganic polymer compound was used to coat lightweight expanded clay aggregates (ceramsites) with a thin layer. These modified aggregates were then used to manufacture modified ceramsite concrete specimens. The spalling and mechanical properties, including cube and cylinder compressive strengths, tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus and stress–strain relationship, of the concrete specimens at room temperature and after exposure to high temperatures (200–1200°C) were tested. Furthermore, chemical changes of the inorganic polymer compound and macro- and microstructures of the concrete were also detected after exposure to the different temperatures by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, charge-coupled device high-temperature in situ digital image collection and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Normal ceramsite concrete and crushed limestone concrete were also produced as references for comparison. It was found that only 4·2% of the modified ceramsite concrete specimens spalled, while 69·4% of the normal ceramsite concrete specimens and 33·3% of the crushed limestone concrete suffered spalling. After exposure to 1200°C, modified ceramsite concrete still had considerable residual mechanical properties. The polymer used as the modification material decomposed gradually with increasing temperature, which could generate channels for vapour release to reduce the possibility of concrete spalling.
Autonomous vehicle interactions in the urban street environment: a research agenda
Authors: Parkin John , Clark Benjamin , Clayton William , Ricci Miriam , Parkhurst Graham
Published: October 2017

The Venturer project is trialling an autonomous vehicle (AV) in the context of use on urban roads. This paper summarises a literature review undertaken to assist in developing a research agenda for the trialling. The first contribution of the paper is a framework of four use scenarios for AVs as follows: (1) fully segregated AV network, (2) motorway or expressway network, (3) typical urban network, (4) shared space. The paper then focuses on a review of the social interactions in the street environment and discusses issues concerning human behaviour in relation to autonomy. The second contribution of the paper is a set of research questions for AV trialling in relation to other road users, including, pedestrians and cyclists, which have emerged from the literature review.