bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometrical models for cardiac MRI in rodents: comparison of quantification of left ventricular volumes and function by various geometrical models with a full-volume MRI data set in rodents
Authors: van de Weijer Tineke , van Ewijk Petronella A. , Zandbergen H. Reinier , Slenter Jos M. , Kessels Alfons G. , Wildberger Joachim E. , Hesselink Matthijs K. C. , Schrauwen Patrick , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Kooi Marianne Eline
Published: November 2011

MRI has been proven to be an accurate method for noninvasive assessment of cardiac function. One of the current limitations of cardiac MRI is that it is time consuming. Therefore, various geometrical models are used, which can reduce scan and postprocessing time. It is unclear how appropriate their use is in rodents. Left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) were quantified based on 7.0 Tesla cine-MRI in 12 wild-type (WT) mice, 12 adipose triglyceride lipase knockout (ATGL−/−) mice (model of impaired cardiac function), and 11 rats in which we induced cardiac ischemia. The LV volumes and function were either assessed with parallel short-axis slices covering the full volume of the left ventricle (FV, gold standard) or with various geometrical models [modified Simpson rule (SR), biplane ellipsoid (BP), hemisphere cylinder (HC), single-plane ellipsoid (SP), and modified Teichholz Formula (TF)]. Reproducibility of the different models was tested and results were correlated with the gold standard (FV). All models and the FV data set provided reproducible results for the LV volumes and EF, with interclass correlation coefficients ≥0.87. All models significantly over- or underestimated EF, except for SR. Good correlation was found for all volumes and EF for the SR model compared with the FV data set ( R2 ranged between 0.59–0.95 for all parameters). The HC model and BP model also predicted EF well ( R2 ≥ 0.85), although proved to be less useful for quantitative analysis. The SP and TF models correlated poorly with the FV data set ( R2 ≥ 0.45 for EF and R2 ≥ 0.29 for EF, respectively). For the reduction in acquisition and postprocessing time, only the SR model proved to be a valuable method for calculating LV volumes, stroke volume, and EF.
Novel role of p66Shc in ROS-dependent VEGF signaling and angiogenesis in endothelial cells
Authors: Oshikawa Jin , Kim Seok-Jo , Furuta Eiji , Caliceti Cristiana , Chen Gin-Fu , McKinney Ronald D. , Kuhr Frank , Levitan Irena , Fukai Tohru , Ushio-Fukai Masuko
Published: November 2011

p66Shc, a longevity adaptor protein, is demonstrated as a key regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism involved in aging and cardiovascular diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation primarily through the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2). We have shown that ROS derived from Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase are involved in VEGFR2 autophosphorylation and angiogenic-related responses in ECs. However, a role of p66Shc in VEGF signaling and physiological responses in ECs is unknown. Here we show that VEGF promotes p66Shc phosphorylation at Ser36 through the JNK/ERK or PKC pathway as well as Rac1 binding to a nonphosphorylated form of p66Shc in ECs. Depletion of endogenous p66Shc with short interfering RNA inhibits VEGF-induced Rac1 activity and ROS production. Fractionation of caveolin-enriched lipid raft demonstrates that p66Shc plays a critical role in VEGFR2 phosphorylation in caveolae/lipid rafts as well as downstream p38MAP kinase activation. This in turn stimulates VEGF-induced EC migration, proliferation, and capillary-like tube formation. These studies uncover a novel role of p66Shc as a positive regulator for ROS-dependent VEGFR2 signaling linked to angiogenesis in ECs and suggest p66Shc as a potential therapeutic target for various angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
Activation of protein kinase C alters the intracellular distribution and mobility of cardiac Na+channels
Authors: Hallaq Haifa , Wang Dao W. , Kunic Jennifer D. , George Alfred L. , Wells K. Sam , Murray Katherine T.
Published: November 2011

Na+current derived from expression of the cardiac isoform SCN5A is reduced by receptor-mediated or direct activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Previous work has suggested a possible role for loss of Na+channels at the plasma membrane in this effect, but the results are controversial. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that PKC activation acutely modulates the intracellular distribution of SCN5A channels and that this effect can be visualized in living cells. In human embryonic kidney cells that stably expressed SCN5A with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the channel COOH-terminus (SCN5A-GFP), Na+currents were suppressed by an exposure to PKC activation. Using confocal microscopy, colocalization of SCN5A-GFP channels with the plasma membrane under control and stimulated conditions was quantified. A separate population of SCN5A channels containing an extracellular epitope was immunolabeled to permit temporally stable labeling of the plasma membrane. Our results demonstrated that Na+channels were preferentially trafficked away from the plasma membrane by PKC activation, with a major contribution by Ca2+-sensitive or conventional PKC isoforms, whereas stimulation of protein kinase A (PKA) had the opposite effect. Removal of the conserved PKC site Ser1503or exposure to the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin eliminated the PKC-mediated effect to alter channel trafficking, indicating that both channel phosphorylation and ROS were required. Experiments using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching demonstrated that both PKC and PKA also modified channel mobility in a manner consistent with the dynamics of channel distribution. These results demonstrate that the activation of protein kinases can acutely regulate the intracellular distribution and molecular mobility of cardiac Na+channels in living cells.
Minimally invasive quantification of lymph flow in mice and rats by imaging depot clearance of near-infrared albumin
Authors: Karlsen Tine V. , McCormack Emmet , Mujic Maja , Tenstad Olav , Wiig Helge
Published: November 2011

There is a lack of available methods to noninvasively quantify lymphatic function in small experimental animals, a necessity for studies on lymphatic system pathophysiology. We present a new method to quantify lymph flow in mice and rats, based on optically monitoring the depot clearance of near-infrared fluorescently labeled albumin and subsequent calculation of removal rate constants ( k). BSA was conjugated with Alexa680 NHS ester and remained stable in protein-rich solutions without free dye dissociation. To assess lymph flow, mice or rats were imaged every 30 or 60 min during a 3- to 6-h period following an intradermal injection of 0.5 or 1 μl Alexa680-albumin. Mice were awake between measurements, whereas rats were anesthetized throughout the experiment. The k, a parameter defined as equivalent to lymph flow, was calculated from the slopes of the resultant log-linear washout curves and averaged −0.40 ± 0.03 and −0.30 ± 0.02%/min for control C57BL/6 and C3H mice, respectively. Local administration of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 in mice led to a significant reduction in k, whereas overhydration in rats increased k, reflecting the coupling between capillary filtration and lymph flow. Furthermore, k was 50% of wild type in lymphedema Chy mice where dermal lymphatics are absent. We conclude that lymph flow can be determined as its rate constant k by optical imaging of depot clearance of submicroliter amounts of Alexa680-albumin. The method offers a minimally invasive, reproducible, and simple alternative to assess lymphatic function in mice and rats.
β2-Agonists upregulate PDE4 mRNA but not protein or activity in human airway smooth muscle cells from asthmatic and nonasthmatic volunteers
Authors: Niimi Kyoko , Ge Qi , Moir Lyn M. , Ammit Alaina J. , Trian Thomas , Burgess Janette K. , Black Judith L. , Oliver Brian G. G.
Published: November 2011

β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists induce airway relaxation via cAMP. Phosphodiesterase (PDE)s degrade and regulate cAMP, and in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells PDE4D degrades cAMP. Long-acting β2-agonists are now contraindicated as monotherapy for asthma, and increased PDE4D has been speculated to contribute to this phenomenon. In this study we investigated the expression of PDE4D in asthmatic and nonasthmatic ASM cells and its regulation by formoterol and budesonide. Primary ASM cells from people with or without asthma were stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, formoterol, and/or budesonide. PDE4D mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR, or PCR to assess splice variant production. PDE4D protein was assessed by Western blotting, and we investigated the effect of formoterol on cAMP production and PDE activity. Interleukin (IL)-6 was assessed using ELISA. PDE4D mRNA was dose dependently upregulated by formoterol, with a single splice variant, PDE4D5, present. Formoterol did not induce PDE4D protein at time points between 3 to 72 h, whereas it did induce and increase IL-6 secretion. We pretreated cells with actinomycin D and a proteasome inhibitor, MG132, and found no evidence of alterations in mRNA, protein expression, or degradation of PDE4D. Finally PDE activity was not altered by formoterol. This study shows, for the first time, that PDE4D5 is predominantly expressed in human ASM cells from people with and without asthma and that formoterol does not upregulate PDE4D protein production. This leads us to speculate that continual therapy with β2AR agonists is unlikely to cause PDE4-mediated tachyphylaxis.
Toward Personalized Cell Therapies: Autologous Menstrual Blood Cells for Stroke
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Carolina O. , Glover Loren E. , Weinbren Nathan , Rizzi Jessica A. , Ishikawa Hiroto , Shinozuka Kazutaka , Tajiri Naoki , Kaneko Yuji , Sanberg Paul R. , Allickson Julie G. , Kuzmin-Nichols Nicole , Garbuzova-Davis Svitlana , Voltarelli Julio Cesar , Cruz Eduardo , Borlongan Cesar V.
Published: November 2011

Cell therapy has been established as an important field of research with considerable progress in the last years. At the same time, the progressive aging of the population has highlighted the importance of discovering therapeutic alternatives for diseases of high incidence and disability, such as stroke. Menstrual blood is a recently discovered source of stem cells with potential relevance for the treatment of stroke. Migration to the infarct site, modulation of the inflammatory reaction, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and possible differentiation warrant these cells as therapeutic tools. We here propose the use of autologous menstrual blood cells in the restorative treatment of the subacute phase of stroke. We highlight the availability, proliferative capacity, pluripotency, and angiogenic features of these cells and explore their mechanistic pathways of repair. Practical aspects of clinical application of menstrual blood cells for stroke will be discussed, from cell harvesting and cryopreservation to administration to the patient.
Factors Affecting Splicing Strength of Yeast Genes
Authors: Ma Pinchao , Xia Xuhua
Published: November 2011

Accurate and efficient splicing is of crucial importance for highly-transcribed intron-containing genes (ICGs) in rapidly replicating unicellular eukaryotes such as the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. We characterize the 5′ and 3′ splice sites (ss) by position weight matrix scores (PWMSs), which is the highest for the consensus sequence and the lowest for splice sites differing most from the consensus sequence and used PWMS as a proxy for splicing strength.HAC1, which is known to be spliced by a nonspliceosomal mechanism, has the most negative PWMS for both its 5′ ss and 3′ ss. Several genes under strong splicing regulation and requiring additional splicing factors for their splicing also have small or negative PWMS values. Splicing strength is higher for highly transcribed ICGs than for lowly transcribed ICGs and higher for transcripts that bind strongly to spliceosomes than those that bind weakly. The 3′ splice site features a prominent poly-U tract before the 3′AG. Our results suggest the potential of using PWMS as a screening tool for ICGs that are either spliced by a nonspliceosome mechanism or under strong splicing regulation in yeast and other fungal species.
Bilateral Optic Neuritis Associated with the Use of Infliximab
Authors: Aasly Jan O.
Published: November 2011

A 40 year old man was admitted with a 2 weeks history of headache, blurred vision and bilateral optic neuritis. During the 6 months period prior to admission he had treated with infliximab infusions for prsoriasis arthritis. He had 0.2 vision in right eye and 0.5 in left Fundoscopy showed moderate disc swelling more on the right than on the left side and right-sided splinter heamorrhages at the disc margin. The intracranial pressure was normal. He was treated with oral methylprednisolone, 100 mg daily for 1 week. His vision improved gradually and when seen 10 weeks later his visual acuity was 1.0 in both eyes and he had normal visual fields. Optic neuritis is a rare but well recognized serious adverse effect of treatments with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. This case report illustrates a rare but typical side effect of a TNF alpha inhibitors used for treating a number of inflammatory diseases. These reactions usually appear during first year of treatments and never after the first one or two infusions. Both genders and all ages are affected. In some patients the visual defects are irreversible.
Cluster Synchronization of Nonlinearly Coupled Complex Networks via Pinning Control
Authors: Feng Jianwen , Wang Jingyi , Xu Chen , Austin Francis
Published: November 2011

We consider a method for driving general complex networks into prescribed cluster synchronization patterns by using pinning control. The coupling between the vertices of the network is nonlinear, and sufficient conditions are derived analytically for the attainment of cluster synchronization. We also propose an effective way of adapting the coupling strengths of complex networks. In addition, the critical combination of the control strength, the number of pinned nodes and coupling strength in each cluster are given by detailed analysis cluster synchronization of a special topological structure complex network. Our theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
[Retracted] Coding ATC Incident Data Using HFACS: Intercoder Consensus
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Yaohua , Yang Xiaoqiang , Cheng Kai , Yang Haishan , Zhu Baoguo , Fan Chengfei , Ji Xinwei
Published: November 2011

Reliability studies for coding contributing factors of incident reports in high hazard industries are rarely conducted and reported. Although the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) appears to have a larger number of such studies completed than most other systems doubt exists as the accuracy and comparability of results between studies due to aspects of methodology and reporting. This paper reports on a trial conducted on HFACS to determine its reliability in the context of military air traffic control (ATC). Two groups participated in the trial: one group comprised of specialists in the field of human factors, and the other group comprised air traffic controllers. All participants were given standardized training via a self‐paced workbook and then read 14 incident reports and coded the associated findings. The results show similarly low consensus for both groups of participants. Several reasons for the results are proposed associated with the HFACS model, the context within which incident reporting occurs in real organizations and the conduct of the studies.
Existence and Uniqueness of Mild Solutions for Nonlinear Stochastic Impulsive Differential Equation
Authors: Shen L. J. , Sun J. T.
Published: November 2011

This paper investigates the existence and uniqueness of mild
solutions to the general nonlinear stochastic impulsive differential equations.
By using Schaefer′s fixed theorem and stochastic analysis technique, we
propose sufficient conditions on existence and uniqueness of solution for
stochastic differential equations with impulses. An example is also discussed
to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Heme Oxygenase-1: A Critical Link between Iron Metabolism, Erythropoiesis, and Development
Authors: Fraser Stuart T. , Midwinter Robyn G. , Berger Birgit S. , Stocker Roland
Published: November 2011

The first mature cells to arise in the developing mammalian embryo belong to the erythroid lineage. This highlights the immediacy of the need for red blood cells during embryogenesis and for survival. Linked with this pressure is the necessity of the embryo to obtain and transport iron, synthesize hemoglobin, and then dispose of the potentially toxic heme via the stress-induced protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, encoded byHmox1in the mouse). Null mutation ofHmox1results in significant embryonic mortality as well as anemia and defective iron recycling. Here, we discuss the interrelated nature of this critical enzyme with iron trafficking, erythroid cell function, and embryonic survival.
Symptomatic Mixed Cryoglobulinemia during HIV Primary Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Genet Philippe , Courdavault Laurence , Wifaq Bouchra , Gerbe Juliette
Published: November 2011

We report a patient who developed during HIV primary infection a symptomatic mixed cryoglobulinemia. The patient suffered from arthralgias, vascular purpura of the legs, and proteinuria. Cryoglobulinemia progressively disappeared in several months after HAART.
A Note on the Modified q‐Bernoulli Numbers and Polynomials with Weight α
Authors: Kim T. , Dolgy D. V. , Lee S. H. , Lee B. , Rim S. H.
Published: November 2011

A systemic study of some families of the modified q‐Bernoulli
numbers and polynomials with weight α is presented by using the p‐adic q‐integration
ℤp. The study of these numbers and polynomials yields an interesting q‐analogue related to Bernoulli numbers and polynomials.
Bound States in Delta Function Potentials
Authors: Geltman Sydney
Published: November 2011

We present a systematic treatment of the bound state structure of a short-range attractive interatomic potential in one, two, and three dimensions as its range approaches zero. This allows the evaluation of the utility of delta function potentials in the modeling of few-body systems such as nuclei, atoms, and clusters. The relation to scattering by delta function potentials is also discussed.
Mebendazole Compared with Secnidazole in the Treatment of Adult Giardiasis: A Randomised, No-Inferiority, Open Clinical Trial
Authors: Almirall Pedro , Escobedo Angel A. , Ayala Idalia , Alfonso Maydel , Salazar Yohana , Cañete Roberto , Cimerman Sergio , Galloso Martha , Olivero Ilmaems , Robaina Maytee , Tornés Karen
Published: November 2011

To compare the efficacy and safety of mebendazole and secnidazole in the treatment of giardiasis in adult patients, a single-centre, parallel group, open-label, randomized non-inferiority trial was carried out. One-hundred and 26 participants who had symptomaticGiardiamono-infection took part in the study. Direct wet mount and/or Ritchie concentration techniques and physical examinations were conducted at the time of enrolment and at the follow-up visit. The primary outcome measure was parasitological cure, performed at 3, 5, 10 days post-treatment. Negative faecal specimens forGiardiawere ensured by the same parasitological techniques. At follow up (day 10) the parasitological cure rate for theper protocolpopulations was 88.7% (55/62) for MBZ and 91.8% (56/61) for SNZ. For the intention to treat populations the cure rate at the end of treatment was 85.9% (55/64) for MBZ and 90.3% (56/62) for SNZ. Both analyzes showed there was not significant statistical difference between MBZ and SNZ treatment efficacy. Both drugs were well tolerated, only mild, transient and self-limited side effects were reported and did not require discontinuation of treatment. A 3-day course of mebendazole seems to be as efficacious and safe for treatment of giardiasis as a single dose of secnidazole in adults.
Choice and Duration of Antimicrobial Therapy for Neonatal Sepsis and Meningitis
Authors: Sivanandan Sindhu , Soraisham Amuchou S. , Swarnam Kamala
Published: November 2011

Neonatal sepsis is associated with increased mortality and morbidity including neurodevelopmental impairment and prolonged hospital stay. Signs and symptoms of sepsis are nonspecific, and empiric antimicrobial therapy is promptly initiated after obtaining appropriate cultures. However, many preterm and low birth weight infants who do not have infection receive antimicrobial agents during hospital stay. Prolonged and unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents is associated with deleterious effects on the host and the environment. Traditionally, the choice of antimicrobial agents is based on the local policy, and the duration of therapy is decided by the treating physician based on clinical symptoms and blood culture results. In this paper, we discuss briefly the causative organism of neonatal sepsis in both the developed and developing countries. We review the evidence for appropriate choice of empiric antimicrobial agents and optimal duration of therapy in neonates with suspected sepsis, culture-proven sepsis, and meningitis. Moreover, there is significant similarity between the causative organisms for early- and late-onset sepsis in developing countries. The choice of antibiotic described in this paper may be more applicable in developed countries.
Effects of Grape Seed Extract, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E on Ethanol- and Aspirin-Induced Ulcers
Authors: Cuevas Vivian Molina , Calzado Yazmín Ravelo , Guerra Yohani Pérez , Yera Ambar Oyarzábal , Despaigne Sonia Jiménez , Ferreiro Rosa Mas , Quintana Daisy Carbajal
Published: November 2011

Effects of GSE and vitamins C and E on aspirin- and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and associated increases of lipid peroxidation in rats were compared. Two experiments were conducted. Rats were randomized into eight groups: a negative control and seven groups that received aspirin or ethanol for ulcer induction: one positive control (vehicle) and six with VC, VE, or GSE (25 and 250 mg/kg). Ulcer indexes and gastric levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified. VC, VE, and GSE (25 and 250 mg/kg) decreased aspirin, and ethanol-induced ulcers and MDA values compared with positive control group. The magnitude of aspirin ulcer reduction was comparable for all treatments, and MDA decrease with GSE was higher than with VC and tended to be greater, albeit none significantly, than with VE. GSE was more effective than VC and VE for lowering the ethanol ulcers, while the decrease of MDA levels with GSE was greater than with VC, but comparable to that achieved with VE. GSE protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers more effectively than VC or VE, while its protection against aspirin ulcers was comparable for all treatments. GSE produced the greatest reductions of gastric MDA in both models.
Predicting Global Solar Radiation Using an Artificial Neural Network Single‐Parameter Model
Authors: Angela Karoro , Taddeo Ssenyonga , James Mubiru
Published: November 2011

We used five years of global solar radiation data to estimate the monthly average of daily global solar irradiation on a horizontal surface based on a single parameter, sunshine hours, using the artificial neural network method. The station under the study is located in Kampala, Uganda at a latitude of 0.19°N, a longitude of 32.34°E, and an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. The five‐year data was split into two parts in 2003–2006 and 2007‐2008; the first part was used for training, and the latter was used for testing the neural network. Amongst the models tested, the feed‐forward back‐propagation network with one hidden layer (65 neurons) and with the tangent sigmoid as the transfer function emerged as the more appropriate model. Results obtained using the proposed model showed good agreement between the estimated and actual values of global solar irradiation. A correlation coefficient of 0.963 was obtained with a mean bias error of 0.055 MJ/m2 and a root mean square error of 0.521 MJ/m2. The single‐parameter ANN model shows promise for estimating global solar irradiation at places where monitoring stations are not established and stations where we have one common parameter (sunshine hours).
A System Out of Breath: How Hypoxia Possibly Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: van Hal T. W. , van Bon L. , Radstake T. R. D. J.
Published: November 2011

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular alterations and immunological disturbances and fibrosis, the order of which remains to be fully determined. Clinically, patients show clear signs of hypoxia in skin and internal organs. The low oxygen tension is potentially caused by a yet to be indentified circuitry involving the three features that typify SSc. In addition, once present, the hypoxia creates a vicious circle of ongoing pathology. In this paper, we provide an overview of the evidence that points towards the mechanisms causing hypoxia in SSc. In addition, data that suggest how hypoxia itself may orchestrate worsening of symptoms is presented. Altogether, it is clear that hypoxia is an important hallmark in SSc patients. By providing an overview of the mechanisms at play and the possible therapeutic avenues that have emerged, we hope to stimulate researchers to provide novel clues into the conundrum in SSc patients.
Septic Mesenteric Venous Thrombophlebitis: A Rare Complication of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Kykalos Stylianos , Sotiropoulos Georgios C. , Vernadakis Spiridon
Published: November 2011

Mesenteric venous thrombophlebitis represents a very rare complication of acute appendicitis. Based on the findings of a 45-year-old patient with mesenteric venous thrombophlebitis due to acute appendicitis, we herein describe the diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic options in this uncommon disease. The treatment in our case consisted of simple appendectomy and perioperative anticoagulation therapy.
A Simple Normal Approximation for Weibull Distribution with Application to Estimation of Upper Prediction Limit
Authors: Kulkarni H. V. , Powar S. K.
Published: November 2011

We propose a simple close‐to‐normal approximation to a Weibull random variable (r.v.) and consider the problem of estimation of upper prediction
limit (UPL) that includes at least l out of m future observations from a Weibull distribution at each of r locations, based on the proposed approximation and the well‐known Box‐Cox normal approximation. A comparative study based on Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the normal approximation‐based UPLs for Weibull distribution outperform those based on the existing generalized variable (GV) approach. The normal approximation‐based UPLs have markedly larger coverage probabilities than GV approach, particularly for small unknown shape parameter where the distribution is highly skewed, and for small sample sizes which are commonly encountered in industrial applications. Results are illustrated with a real dataset for practitioners.
Aggregation ofEuphausia sibogaeduring Summer Monsoon along the Southwest Coast of India
Authors: Jayalakshmi K. J. , Jasmine P. , Muraleedharan K. R. , Prabhakaran M. P. , Habeebrehman H. , Jacob Josia , Achuthankutty C. T.
Published: November 2011

The influence of environmental parameters on the spawning aggregation ofEuphausia sibogaewas investigated along the southwest coast of India during the peak phase of summer monsoon 2005. The prevailing ecological conditions between the aggregation period (peak phase) and non-aggregation period (early phase) were also compared. The aggregation was observed at station 1 (8∘N;76.5∘E, 480 ind⋅m-3) and 6 (10∘N;75.5∘E, 839 ind.m-3) during the peak phase of the summer monsoon. Eggs (14769 eggs m-3) and different developmental stages were observed in higher abundance at station 6. The physicochemical conditions indicated that the aggregation coincided with the upwelling. The nutrient enrichment due to the upwelling triggered phytoplankton blooms, and this appeared to provide a conducive environment for spawning and development ofE. sibogae.
Oscillatory Solutions of Neutral Equations with Polynomial Nonlinearities
Authors: Angelov Vasil G. , Angelova Dafinka Tz.
Published: November 2011

Existence uniqueness of an oscillatory solution for nonlinear neutral equations by fixed point method is proved.
Deterministic Annealing Approach to Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Based on Entropy Maximization
Authors: Yasuda Makoto
Published: November 2011

This paper is dealing with the fuzzy clustering method which combines the deterministic annealing (DA) approach with an entropy, especially the Shannon entropy and the Tsallis entropy. By maximizing the Shannon entropy, the fuzzy entropy, or the Tsallis entropy within the framework of the fuzzy c-means (FCM) method, membership functions similar to the statistical mechanical distribution functions are obtained. We examine characteristics of these entropy-based membership functions from the statistical mechanical point of view. After that, both the Shannon- and Tsallis-entropy-based FCMs are formulated as DA clustering using the very fast annealing (VFA) method as a cooling schedule. Experimental results indicate that the Tsallis-entropy-based FCM is stable with very fast deterministic annealing and suitable for this annealing process.
Solitary Neurofibroma of the Floor of the Mouth: A Case Report
Authors: Maruyama Motoyoshi , Fushiki Hiroaki , Watanabe Yukio
Published: November 2011

We present a case of a solitary neurofibroma of the floor of the mouth protruding into the submandibular region. A 51-year-old female presented with a 2-year history of swelling of the floor of the mouth. MRI revealed that the mass measuring  mm showed a homogenous, low signal intensity on a T1-weighted image and high signal intensity on a T2-weighted image. The tumor was completely removed through a cervical approach. Cases of a solitary neurofibroma originating from the floor of the mouth are extremely rare.
The Synthetic Effects of Iron with Sulfur and Fluorine on Photoabsorption and Photocatalytic Performance in Codoped
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Lu Jibao , Dai Ying , Guo Meng , Huang Baibiao
Published: November 2011

The structural and electronic properties of iron-fluorine (Fe-F) and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) codoped anatase TiO2are investigated by first-principles based on density functional theory. Our results show that the formation energy of codoped system is lower than that of single-element doping, which indicates the synergic effect of codoping on the stability of the structure. Codopants introduced impurity gap states resulting in the electron transition energy reduction and thus the visible light absorption observed in the samples. It is concluded that Fe-S should be a better codoping pair because Fe-S codoping introduces extended impurity states resulting in stronger visible light absorption than that of Fe-F codoped compounds. This work gives understanding to the recent experiment and provides the evidence of choosing the more effective co-dopants in TiO2.
Sedative and Hypnotic Activities of the Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts ofLavandula officinalisfrom Morocco
Authors: Alnamer Rachad , Alaoui Katim , Bouidida El Houcine , Benjouad Abdelaziz , Cherrah Yahia
Published: November 2011

We evaluate the sedative and hypnotic activities of the methanolic and aqueous extract ofLavandula officinalisL. on central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the effect of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of this plant was investigated in a battery of behavioural models in mice. Stems and flowers ofLavandula officinalisL. have several therapeutic applications in folk medicine in curing or managing a wide range of diseases, including insomnia. The methanolic extract produced significant sedative effect at the doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg (by oral route), compared to reference substance diazepam (DZP), and an hypnotic effect at the doses of 800 and 1000 mg/kg while the treatment of mice with the aqueous extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg via oral pathway significantly reduced in both the reestablishment time and number of head dips during the traction and hole-board tests. In conclusion, these results suggest that the methanolic and aqueous extracts ofLavandula officinalispossess potent sedative and hypnotic activities, which supported its therapeutic use for insomnia.
Second‐Order Consensus for Multiagent Systems under Directed and Switching Topologies
Authors: Gao Lixin , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Wenhai
Published: November 2011

We consider multiagent consensus problems in a decentralized fashion. The interconnection topology among the agents is switching and directed. The agent dynamics is expressed in the form of a double‐integrator model. Two different cases are considered: one is the leader‐following case and the other is the leaderless case. Based on graph theory and the common Lyapunov function method, some sufficient conditions are established for the consensus stability of the considered systems with the neighbor‐based feedback laws in both leader‐following case and leaderless case, respectively. As special cases, the consensus conditions for balanced and undirected interconnection topology cases can be established directly. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.
On the RET Rearrangements in Chernobyl-Related Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Jargin Sergei V.
Published: November 2011

There is a consensus that Chernobyl accident has induced thyroid cancer increase in children and adolescents. The UNSCEAR report concluded that no somatic disorders other than thyroid cancer were caused by radiation exposure due to the accident except for acute radiation sickness occurred to the people within the Power Plant at the time of the accident. A hypothesis is discussed in this paper that the increase of thyroid cancer was caused predominantly by the screening, overdiagnosis, and registration of nonirradiated persons as Chernobyl victims. A mechanism of thyroid cancer overdiagnosis is described that can be active even today, causing hypertherapy. Older neglected tumors found by the screening shortly after the Chernobyl accident or brought from noncontaminated areas were misclassified as aggressive radiation-induced cancers. Therefore, supposed markers of the radiation-induced thyroid cancer, such as the RET rearrangements, are probably associated with disease duration and tumor progression. The screening effect is obviously dependent on the basis level of medical surveillance: the higher the level, the smaller the screening effect. Absence of any significant increase of thyroid cancer after the Fukushima accident in spite of the vigorous screening would certify the high level of health care in Japan especially for children.
Luteolin Suppresses Inflammatory Mediator Expression by Blocking the Akt/NFκB Pathway in Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice
Authors: Li Yi-Ching , Yeh Chung-Hsin , Yang Ming-Ling , Kuan Yu-Hsiang
Published: November 2011

Acute lung injury (ALI), instilled by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a severe illness with excessive mortality and has no specific treatment strategy. Luteolin is an anti-inflammatory flavonoid and widely distributed in the plants. Pretreatment with luteolin inhibited LPS-induced histological changes of ALI and lung tissue edema. In addition, LPS-induced inflammatory responses, including increased vascular permeability, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αand interleukin (IL)-6 production, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were also reduced by luteolin in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, luteolin suppressed activation of NFκB and its upstream molecular factor, Akt. These results suggest that the protection mechanism of luteolin is by inhibition of NFκB activation possibly via Akt.
One-Step Cohydrothermal Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Oxide Nanotubes with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Hu Cheng-Ching , Hsu Tzu-Chien , Kao Li-Heng
Published: November 2011

Nitrogen-doped TiO2nanotubes with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity have been synthesized using commercial titania P25 as raw material by a facile P25/urea cohydrothermal method. Morphological and microstructural characteristics were conducted by transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms; chemical identifications were performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the interstitial nitrogen linkage to the TiO2nanotubes is identified. The photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped TiO2nanotubes, evaluated by the decomposition of rhodamine B dye solution under visible light using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, is found to exhibit ~ four times higher than that of P25 and undoped titanate nanotubes. Factors affecting the photocatalytic activity are analyzed; it is found that the nitrogen content and surface area, rather than the crystallinity, are more crucial in affecting the photocatalytic efficiency of the nitrogen-doped TiO2nanotubes.
A Neonatal Resuscitation Curriculum in Malawi, Africa: Did It Change In-Hospital Mortality?
Authors: Hole Michael K. , Olmsted Keely , Kiromera Athanase , Chamberlain Lisa
Published: November 2011

Objective. The WHO estimates that 99% of the 3.8 million neonatal deaths occur in developing countries. Neonatal resuscitation training was implemented in Namitete, Malawi. The study's objective was to evaluate the training's impact on hospital staff and neonatal mortality rates.Study Design. Pre-/postcurricular surveys of trainee attitude, knowledge, and skills were analyzed. An observational, longitudinal study of secondary data assessed neonatal mortality.Result. All trainees' (n=18) outcomes improved, (P=0.02). Neonatal mortality did not change. There were 3449 births preintervention, 3515 postintervention. Neonatal mortality was 20.9 deaths per 1000 live births preintervention and 21.9/1000 postintervention, (P=0.86).Conclusion. Short-term pre-/postintervention evaluations frequently reveal positive results, as ours did. Short-term pre- and postintervention evaluations should be interpreted cautiously. Whenever possible, clinical outcomes such as in-hospital mortality should be additionally assessed. More rigorous evaluation strategies should be applied to training programs requiring longitudinal relationships with international community partners.
Structural Models of Cortical Networkswith Long‐Range Connectivity
Authors: Voges Nicole , Aertsen Ad , Rotter Stefan
Published: November 2011

Most current studies of neuronal activity dynamics in cortex are based on network models with completely random wiring. Such models are chosen for mathematical convenience, rather than biological grounds, and additionally reflect the
notorious lack of knowledge about the neuroanatomical microstructure. Here, we describe some families of new, more realistic network models and explore some of their properties. Specifically, we consider spatially embedded networks and impose specific distance‐dependent connectivity profiles. Each of these network models can cover the range from purely local to completely random connectivity, controlled by a single parameter. Stochastic graph theory is then used to describe and analyze the structure and the topology of these networks.
Total Facial Nerve Decompression for Severe Traumatic Facial Nerve Paralysis: A Review of 10 Cases
Authors: Yetiser Sertac
Published: November 2011

Management of traumatic facial nerve disorders is challenging. Facial nerve decompression is indicated if 90–95% loss of function is seen at the very early period on ENoG or if there is axonal degeneration on EMG lately with no sign of recovery. Middle cranial or translabyrinthine approach is selected depending on hearing. The aim of this study is to present retrospective review of 10 patients with sudden onset complete facial paralysis after trauma who underwent total facial nerve decompression. Operation time after injury is ranging between 16 and105 days. Excitation threshold, supramaximal stimulation, and amplitude on the paralytic side were worse than at least %85 of the healthy side. Six of 11 patients had HBG-II, one patient had HBG-I, 3 patients had HBG-III, and one patient had HBG-IV recovery. Stretch, compression injuries with disruption of the endoneurial tubules undetectable at the time of surgery and lack of timely decompression may be associated with suboptimal results in our series.
Induction of Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis in Ca Ski Human Cervical Cancer Cells Triggered by Mollic Acid Arabinoside Isolated fromLeea indica
Authors: Wong Yau Hsiung , Abdul Kadir Habsah
Published: November 2011

Leea indicais a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat cancer. Through bioassay-guided approach, we isolated mollic acid arabinoside (MAA), for the first time fromLeea indica. Here, we present the apoptosis-inducing effect of MAA on Ca Ski cervical cancer cells. Based on DAPI staining, MAA-treated cells manifested nuclear shrinkage, condensation, and fragmentation. We further confirmed the fragmentation of DNA using TUNEL assay. During early apoptosis, MAA caused the perturbation of plasma membrane through externalization of PS, followed by the formation of apoptotic blebs. Prior to these events, MAA triggered rapid dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In the upstream, MAA increased the expression of Bax, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and augmented the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These findings suggested that MAA induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in Ca Ski cells and thus provide the scientific explanation for the traditional application of this herbal medicine in cancer treatment.
Clinico-Microbiological Profile and Treatment Outcome of Infectious Scleritis: Experience from a Tertiary Eye Care Center of India
Authors: Kumar Sahu Srikant , Das Sujata , Sharma Savitri , Sahu Kalyani
Published: November 2011

Medical and microbiology records of seventeen patients (17 eyes), diagnosed as scleritis of infectious origin were reviewed; to study clinical features, predisposing risk factors, microbiologic profile and treatment outcome of infectious scleritis. The mean patient age was52.3±19.75years. Twelve patients (70.6%) had history of trauma/prior surgery. Isolated organisms includedStaphylococcusspecies (spp)(n=5), Fungus(n=4),Nocardiaspp(n=3), two each of atypicalMycobacteriumspp andStreptococcus pneumoniaeand onePseudomonas aeruginosa. Treatment included intensive topical antimicrobial in all eyes and systemic medication in 15 (88.2%) patients; surgical exploration was needed for 13 (76.5%) patients and scleral patch graft was done in four (23.5%) patients. Lesions resolved in all patients and none required evisceration. The presenting log MAR visual acuity of1.77±1.40and improved to0.99±0.91.(P≤0.039)after treatment with a mean follow up of22.57±19.53weeks. A microbiological confirmation, appropriate medical and/or surgical intervention has a good tectonic and visual outcome.
Current Pharmacological Advances in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Papastylianou Andry , Mentzelopoulos S.
Published: November 2011

Cardiac arrest is defined as the sudden cessation of spontaneous ventilation and circulation. Within 15 seconds of cardiac arrest, the patient loses consciousness, electroencephalogram becomes flat after 30 seconds, pupils dilate fully after 60 seconds, and cerebral damage takes place within 90–300 seconds. It is essential to act immediately as irreversible damage can occur in a short time. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an attempt to restore spontaneous circulation through a broad range of interventions which are early defibrillation, high-quality and uninterrupted chest compressions, advanced airway interventions, and pharmacological interventions. Drugs should be considered only after initial shocks have been delivered (when indicated) and chest compressions and ventilation have been started. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, no specific drug therapy has been shown to improve survival to hospital discharge after cardiac arrest, and only few drugs have a proven benefit for short-term survival. This paper reviews current pharmacological treatment of cardiac arrest. There are three groups of drugs relevant to the management of cardiac arrest: vasopressors, antiarrhythmics, and other drugs such as sodium bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, atropine, fibrinolytic drugs, and corticosteroids.
Endoscopic Laryngeal Findings in Japanese Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms
Authors: Oridate Nobuhiko , Tokashiki Ryoji , Watanabe Yusuke , Taguchi Aki , Kawamura Osamu , Fujimoto Kazuma
Published: November 2011

Objective. To know the characteristics of endoscopic laryngeal and pharyngeal abnormalities in Japanese patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms (LPRS).Methods. A total of 146 endoscopic images of the larynx and pharynx (60 pairs for the rabeprazole group and 13 pairs for the control group) were presented to 15 otolaryngologists blinded to patient information and were scored according to several variables potentially associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux. The median value of the 15 scores for each item from each image was obtained. The mean pretreatment scores of each item and total score were assessed in both rabeprazole and control groups. In the rabeprazole group, the endoscopic findings before and after the 4-week treatment with rabeprazole were compared. Changes between corresponding duration in the control group were also evaluated.Results. The median and mean pretreatment total score was 3 and 3.02, respectively, from the 73 patients with LPRS. No significant differences were observed before and after treatment in either the rabeprazole or control groups for any item or total score. In 24 patients with a high pretreatment score (total score ≥ 4) from the rabeprazole group, significant decreases in scores for “thick endolaryngeal mucous” (0.54 to 0.17,P=0.017) and total (4.77 to 3.58,P=0.0003) were observed after the 4-week treatment.
Tumor Suppressive MicroRNAs miR-34a/c Control Cancer Cell Expression of ULBP2, a Stress-Induced Ligand of the Natural Killer Cell Receptor NKG2D
Authors: Heinemann Anja , Zhao Fang , Pechlivanis Sonali , Eberle Jürgen , Steinle Alexander , Diederichs Sven , Schadendorf Dirk , Paschen Annette
Published: November 2011

Malignant cells express ligands for the natural killer cell immunoreceptor NKG2D, which sensitizes to early recognition and elimination by cytotoxic lymphocytes and provides an innate barrier against tumor development. However, the mechanisms that control NKG2D ligand (NKG2DL) expression in tumor cells remain unknown. We recently identified the NKG2DL ULBP2 as strong prognostic marker in human malignant melanoma. Here, we provide evidence that the tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miRNA) miR-34a and miR-34c control ULBP2 expression. Reporter gene analyses revealed that both miRNAs directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region of ULBP2 mRNA and that levels of miR-34a inversely correlated with expression of ULBP2 surface molecules. Accordingly, treatment of cancer cells with miRNA inhibitors led to upregulation of ULBP2, whereas miR-34 mimics led to downregulation of ULBP2, diminishing tumor cell recognition by NK cells. Treatment with the small molecule inhibitor Nutlin-3a also decreased ULBP2 levels in a p53-dependent manner, which was due to a p53-mediated increase in cellular miR-34 levels. Taken together, our study shows that tumor-suppressive miR-34a and miR-34c act as ULBP2 repressors. These findings also implicate p53 in ULBP2 regulation, emphasizing the role of the specific NKG2DL in tumor immune surveillance. Cancer Res; 72(2); 460–71. ©2011 AACR.