bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological variation in Schizothorax oconnori, Schizothorax waltoni (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae), and their natural hybrids from the middle Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet
Authors: Ma Baoshan , Zhao Tianyi , Xu Bin , Zhong Liqiao , Wu Xiangxiang , Wei Kaijin , Zhang Zhiming , Li Yunfeng
Published: May 2024

The morphological variation in Schizothorax oconnori, Schizothorax waltoni, and their natural hybrids was examined using conventional and image‐based analysis approaches. In total, 38 specimens of S. oconnori, 35 of S. waltoni, and 37 natural hybrids were collected from the Shigatse to the Lhasa section of the Yarlung Zangbo River during June and July 2021. A total of 21 morphometric, 4 meristic, and 27 truss variables were employed for the classification of S. oconnori, S. waltoni, and natural hybrids. Principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), as well as discriminant function analysis (DFA) and cluster analysis (CA), were conducted to identify differences based on traditional and truss measurements. Four principal components explained 75.92% of the variation among the morphometric characters, while five principal components accounted for 79.69% of the variation among the truss distances. FA results showed that factor 1 was associated with head shape, and factor 2 was associated with fins based on morphometric characters. Among the truss characters, factor 1 was related to head shape, and factor 2 was related to chest shape. In DFA, morphometric measurements achieved higher accuracy (100%) compared to truss distances (94.55%). The head morphology of hybrids exhibited intermediate traits between S. oconnori and S. waltoni. Both morphometry‐based and truss‐based clustering indicated that the morphology of natural hybrids leaned toward S. oconnori. In conclusion, the combination of morphometric and truss analysis is beneficial for classifying S. oconnori, S. waltoni, and their natural hybrids. The presence of natural hybrids could be considered an evolutionary response to the differentiation of nutritional and spatial niches in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River.
Population genetics and phylogeographic history of the insular lizard Podarcis lilfordi (Gunther, 1874) from the Balearic Islands based on genome‐wide polymorphic data
Authors: Otalora Katherin , Riera Joan Lluís , Tavecchia Giacomo , Rotger Andreu , Igual José Manuel , Trotta Jean‐Remi Paul , Baldo Laura
Published: May 2024

Islands provide a great system to explore the processes that maintain genetic diversity and promote local adaptation. We explored the genomic diversity of the Balearic lizard Podarcis lilfordi, an endemic species characterized by numerous small insular populations with large phenotypic diversity. Using the newly available genome for this species, we characterized more than 300,000 SNPs, merging genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) data with previously published restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐Seq) data, providing a dataset of 16 island populations (191 individuals) across the range of species distribution (Menorca, Mallorca, and Cabrera). Results indicate that each islet hosts a well‐differentiated population (FST = 0.247 ± 0.09), with no recent immigration/translocation events. Contrary to expectations, most populations harbor a considerable genetic diversity (mean nucleotide diversity, Pi = 0.144 ± 0.021), characterized by overall low inbreeding values (FIS < 0.1). While the genetic diversity significantly decreased with decreasing islet surface, maintenance of substantial genetic diversity even in tiny islets suggests variable selection or other mechanisms that buffer genetic drift. Maximum‐likelihood tree based on concatenated SNP data confirmed the existence of the two major independent lineages of Menorca and Mallorca/Cabrera. Multiple lines of evidence, including admixture and root testing, robustly placed the origin of the species in the Mallorca Island, rather than in Menorca. Outlier analysis mainly retrieved a strong signature of genome differentiation between the two major archipelagos, especially in the sexual chromosome Z. A set of proteins were target of multiple outliers and primarily associated with binding and catalytic activity, providing interesting candidates for future selection studies. This study provides the framework to explore crucial aspects of the genetic basis of phenotypic divergence and insular adaptation.
Genetic analysis of harvest samples reveals population structure in a highly mobile generalist carnivore
Authors: Fetherston Stuart C. , Lonsinger Robert C. , Perkins Lora B. , Lehman Chadwick P. , Adams Jennifer R. , Waits Lisette P.
Published: May 2024

Delineating wildlife population boundaries is important for effective population monitoring and management. The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a highly mobile generalist carnivore that is ecologically and economically important. We sampled 1225 bobcats harvested in South Dakota, USA (2014–2019), of which 878 were retained to assess genetic diversity and infer population genetic structure using 17 microsatellite loci. We assigned individuals to genetic clusters (K) using spatial and nonspatial Bayesian clustering algorithms and quantified differentiation (FST and ) among clusters. We found support for population genetic structure at K = 2 and K = 4, with pairwise FST and values indicating weak to moderate differentiation, respectively, among clusters. For K = 2, eastern and western clusters aligned closely with historical bobcat management units and were consistent with a longitudinal suture zone for bobcats previously identified in the Great Plains. We did not observe patterns of population genetic structure aligning with major rivers or highways. Genetic divergence observed at K = 4 aligned roughly with ecoregion breaks and may be associated with environmental gradients, but additional sampling with more precise locational data may be necessary to validate these patterns. Our findings reveal that cryptic population structure may occur in highly mobile and broadly distributed generalist carnivores, highlighting the importance of considering population structure when establishing population monitoring programs or harvest regulations. Our study further demonstrates that for elusive furbearers, harvest can provide an efficient, broad‐scale sampling approach for genetic population assessments.
Behavioural heterogeneity across killer whale social units in their response to feeding opportunities from fisheries
Authors: Auguin Erwan , Guinet Christophe , Mourier Johann , Clua Eric , Gasco Nicolas , Tixier Paul
Published: May 2024

Intra‐population heterogeneity in the behavioural response of predators to changes in prey availability caused by human activities can have major evolutionary implications. Among these activities, fisheries, while extracting resources, also provide new feeding opportunities for marine top predators. However, heterogeneity in the extent to which individuals have responded to these opportunities within populations is poorly understood. Here, we used 18 years of photo‐identification data paired with statistical models to assess variation in the way killer whale social units within a subantarctic population (Crozet Islands) interact with fisheries to feed on fish caught on fishing gear (i.e., depredation behaviour). Our results indicate large heterogeneity in both the spatial and temporal extents of depredation across social units. While some frequently depredated on fishery catches over large areas, others sporadically did so and in small areas consistently over the years. These findings suggest that killer whale social units are exposed to varying levels of impacts of depredation, both negative (potential retaliation from fishers) and positive (food provisioning), on their life history traits, and may explain the contrasted demographic patterns observed within the declining population at Crozet but also potentially within the many other killer whale populations documented depredating on fisheries catches worldwide.
Alocasia sakonakhonensis (Araceae), a new species from northeastern Thailand
Authors: Promprom Wilawan , Munglue Phukphon , Chatan Wannachai
Published: May 2024

Alocasia sakonakhonensis Chatan & Promprom (Araceae), a new species from northeastern Thailand, is described and illustrated. It is clearly different from other previously known species by leaves, spathe, ovary, sterile interstice, synandria, and appendix. Color illustrations, and a distribution map are provided, as well as comparative morphological characters about its similar species. The preliminary conservation status assessment of the new species was presented.
Soil nematode metacommunities in different land covers: Assessment at the local and regional scales
Authors: Niu Ximei , Wang Ping , Xie Zhijing , Gao Meixiang , Qian Siru , Saifutdinov Ruslan , Aspe Nonillon M. , Wu Donghui , Guan Pingting
Published: May 2024

The metacommunity theory enhances our understanding of how ecological processes regulate community structure. Yet, unraveling the complexities of soil nematode metacommunity structures across various spatial scales and determining the factors influencing these patterns remains challenging. Therefore, we conducted an investigation on soil nematode metacommunities spanning from north to south in the Northeastern China. Our aim was to test whether nematode metacommunities were structured by different drivers under three land covers (i.e., farmland, grassland and woodland) at the local and regional scales. The results revealed that the Clementsian, Gleasonian and their quasi‐structures of soil nematodes collectively accounted for 93% of the variation across the three land covers at the local and regional scales. These structures suggest that the soil nematode metacommunities in the Northeast China responded to fluctuations in environmental gradients. At the local scale, metacommunities were primarily shaped by biological interactions. At the regional scale, environmental heterogeneity, dispersal limitation and biological interactions all contributed to nematode metacommunities. Meanwhile, biological interactions under three land covers were represented within different trophic groups, with plant parasites predominant in farmlands and bacterivores in grasslands and woodlands. In conclusion, the metacommunity structures of soil nematodes remain stable at different spatial scales and land covers. Biological interactions are widespread among nematodes regardless of changes in spatial scales and land covers. This study reveals the importance of nematode sensitivity to the environment and biological interactions in shaping the nematode metacommunities, potentially enhancing our understanding of the spatial patterns of nematode metacommunities.
Guidelines for the in vitro determination of anti‐inflammatory activity
Authors: Huang Xiujing , Li Yue , Sabier Maidinai , Si Jinping , Wang Pan , Shen Yanghui , Zhang Xinfeng , Liu Jingjing
Published: May 2024

Chronic inflammation contributes to various chronic diseases in humans. Currently used anti‐inflammatory drugs have several limitations and are not suitable for long‐term use. Anti‐inflammatory foods or extracts can prevent inflammation‐related diseases, offering a promising approach for the management of these pathologies. In vitro anti‐inflammatory experiments have the advantages of short experimental period and low cost for screening anti‐inflammatory foods or drugs. They measure pro‐inflammatory enzyme activity such as lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX), and the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukins (IL). This article reviews in vitro assays used to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effect, examining the effects of different inflammatory factors and the employed methods, and analyzing their principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Thus, it aims to provide guidelines for screening natural foods with anti‐inflammatory potential.
Safety and efficacy of adaptive atrial pacing regulated by blood pressure during low‐level exercise: a proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Burnam Michael , Develle Robert , Polosajian Leo , Nalbandian Shakeh , Ellenbogen Kenneth , Gang Eli
Published: May 2024

Aims

Despite half of all heart failure patients suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), treatment options are limited. This study aims to compare safety and efficacy of standard pacemaker programming (DDD or DDDR) and a novel pacing algorithm PressurePace™ (BaroPace Inc, Issaquah, WA, USA) which modulates atrial pacing rate based on blood pressure (BPAP).

Methods

This prospective, randomized, double‐blind, non‐significant risk proof of concept study was conducted at two large cardiology clinics in Los Angeles, California, USA. Subjects underwent two modified Bruce protocol graded treadmill exercise tests in which pacemaker programming was randomized to either standard programming (DDD or DDDR), or BPAP at least 1 week apart. Physiological measurements of heart rate (HR), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were collected at 2 min intervals. During the BPAP treadmill test, the pacemaker activity sensor was disabled. The PressurePace algorithm instructed the pacemaker technician to modify or leave unchanged the atrial pacing rate based on these BP measurements. Subjects and clinical staff were blinded to pacemaker programming, only the pacemaker technician was unblinded.

Results

Ten subjects with HFpEF associated with hypertension who also had permanent dual‐chamber pacemakers, previously implanted for standard clinical indications, participated in the study. Mean age was 70.1 ± 6.8 years, left ventricular ejection fraction of 54.8 ± 1.9%. Exercise duration increased in all 10 subjects, when paced in the BPAP mode compared with standard pacemaker programming, showing a mean increase of 117 s (26%, P = 0.0016). The algorithm could adjust HR at each 2 min interval. The majority of subjects (60%) had their atrial pacing rate increased an average of 20% at t = 2 min. In the remaining 40% of subjects, the algorithm instructed HR to be unchanged. In two subjects, the pacing rate was not increased until t = 6 min. In contrast, subjects programmed to DDDR experienced an average of 45% increase in atrial pacing rate at t = 2 min. In the post‐treadmill recovery period, SBP was higher for subjects who underwent BPAP. This difference in SBP was most pronounced immediately post‐treadmill and diminished as subjects progressed through the 30 min recovery period. Statistical significance was achieved at t = 0, 20, and 30 min post‐treadmill.

Conclusions

An increase in exercise duration was reported in HFpEF subjects using a pacing algorithm that modulated HR based on BP compared with standard programming. These encouraging results form the basis for a larger, randomized cross‐over trial to confirm these initial observations, further characterize the safety, efficacy, and possible mechanisms of action in both acute and longer‐term treatment.
Balcinrenone plus dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease: Results from the phase 2b MIRACLE trial
Authors: Lam Carolyn S.P. , Køber Lars , Kuwahara Koichiro , Lund Lars H. , Mark Patrick B. , Mellbin Linda G. , Schou Morten , Ely Pizzato Patricia , Gabrielsen Anders , Gasparyan Samvel B. , Ghiretti Alessandro , Hartleib‐Geschwindner Judith , Housler Greggory J. , Fanti Paolo , Leonsson‐Zachrisson Maria , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. ,   for the MIRACLE Study Investigators
Published: May 2024

Aims

Many patients with heart failure (HF) have chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may not tolerate mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. We investigated the efficacy and safety of the novel mineralocorticoid receptor modulator balcinrenone in combination with dapagliflozin in a phase 2b study.

Methods and results

From January 2021 to October 2023, we randomized 133 adults with symptomatic HF, ejection fraction <60%, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 to ≤60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 to <3000 mg/g, to receive balcinrenone 15, 50 or 150 mg/day plus dapagliflozin 10 mg/day, or dapagliflozin 10 mg/day plus placebo, for 12 weeks. Enrolment was stopped early because of slow recruitment. Relative reductions in UACR from baseline to week 12 (primary endpoint) were not significantly different between the balcinrenone plus dapagliflozin groups versus dapagliflozin plus placebo. There was no clear balcinrenone dose–response relationship. There were possible dose‐dependent increases in serum potassium levels, reduced eGFR in the highest dose group, and non‐significant trends towards reduced N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels. Hyperkalaemia adverse events led to discontinuation in two participants receiving balcinrenone plus dapagliflozin and none in those receiving dapagliflozin plus placebo.

Conclusion

While the smaller than planned sample size limits interpretation, we did not see significant reduction in UACR in patients treated with balcinrenone plus dapagliflozin compared with dapagliflozin plus placebo.
Catalysing virtual collaboration: The experience of the remote TIES working groups
Authors: Meis M. , Pirani M. , Euan C. , Castruccio S. , Simmons S. , Stroud J.R. , Blangiardo M. , Wikle C.K. , Wheeler M. , Naumova E. , Bravo L. , Miller C. , Gel Y.
Published: May 2024

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the idea of collaboration and scientific exchange between members of the scientific community was enhanced by technology. Virtual meetings and work platforms have become common resources to continue generating research, partially replacing instances of joint in‐person work before, during or after a conference. The idea of teleworking played a fundamental role in remote collaboration groups within The International Statistical Society (TIES), a community of interdisciplinary scientists such as statisticians, mathematicians, meteorologists, and biologists, among others working on quantitative methods to enhance solutions to environmental problems. In 2021 the Society launched three working groups with the aim of improving networking across the Society's members and develop creative collaboration, while advancing statistical and computational methods motivated by real‐world driven applications in environmental research. Here, we provide insights from this virtual collaborative initiative.
Epilepsies with onset during the first year of life: A prospective study on syndromes, etiologies, and outcomes
Authors: Jonsson Henna , Gaily Eija , Stjerna Susanna , Joensuu Tarja , Johari Mridul , Lehesjoki Anna‐Elina , Linnankivi Tarja
Published: May 2024

Objective

Infantile seizures cause great concern for both doctors and parents. In addition to modern neuroimaging and genetics, clinical tools helpful in predicting the course of the disease are needed. We prospectively studied the incidence, electroclinical characteristics and etiologies of epilepsy syndromes with onset before the age of 12 months and looked for prognostic determinants of outcome by age 24 months.

Methods

From February 2017 through May 2019, we recruited all eligible infants diagnosed with epilepsy at our unit. Data on electroclinical studies, genetic investigations and drug response were gathered prospectively. The infants were given a structured neurological examination (Hammersmith Infantile Neurological examination [HINE] and Griffiths scales) at predetermined intervals until age 24 months at which age neurocognitive evaluation with Bayley scales was performed.

Results

Included were 60 infants (27 female). The mean onset age of epilepsy was 5.3 (±2.5 standard deviation) months. The incidence of epilepsy in the population‐based cohort was 131 (95% confidence interval 99–172)/100 000. Epilepsy syndrome was identified in 80% and etiology in 58% of infants. Self‐limited infantile epilepsy was the second most common syndrome (incidence 18/100 000) after infantile epileptic spasms syndrome. PRRT2 was the most common monogenic cause. At age 24 months, 37% of the infants had drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) and half had a global developmental delay (GDD). Abnormal first HINE was the strongest predictor of GDD, followed by DRE and identified etiology. DRE was associated with structural etiology and GDD. Those with normal first HINE and good response to treatment had favorable outcomes, irrespective of the identified etiology.

Significance

Our results support a high incidence of self‐limited epilepsy in infancy and PRRT2 as the genetic cause in the first year of life. Notwithstanding the advances in etiological discovery, we want to highlight the importance of clinical evaluation as standardized neurological examination with HINE proved a valuable tool in prognostication.

Plain Language Summary

One in every 700–800 babies develop epilepsy within the first year after birth. Our study identified an epilepsy syndrome in 80% and the cause of epilepsy in 60% of the participants. By age 2 years, over one‐third of the children still experienced seizures, and almost half faced significant developmental delay. Structural brain abnormalities increased the likelihood of difficult epilepsy and developmental challenges. Babies whose epilepsy was caused by a gene defect varied widely in development and response to medications. Babies with normal neurological examination at first visit, especially if their seizures stopped quickly, had favorable development.
Do financial crises moderate the influence of stakeholder rights protection on M&A activity: The influence of institutional logics and power?
Authors: Very May‐Anne , Capron Laurence , Guillén Mauro
Published: May 2024

Research Summary

M&A represents a contested process of change in control influenced by two contending prevailing institutional logics: shareholder‐centered and labor‐oriented. These logics, whose respective power is influenced by national laws, shape mergers and acquisition (M&A) outcomes. Crises, like systemic financial crises, are periods during which these logics may be altered. This research examines how financial crises affect the positive (negative) relationship between the legal protection of shareholder (labor) rights and M&A activity in a country. Utilizing a dataset from financial services companies across 35 countries from 1990 to 2016, we find that financial crises significantly weaken the effects of both shareholder and labor rights on M&A transactions. Our findings emphasize the role of power dynamics amidst conflicting institutional logics in determining M&A outcomes during both crisis and non‐crisis periods.

Managerial Summary

In the world of mergers and acquisitions, the battle for control is influenced by two major opposing forces: shareholders and employees, with their power rooted in the country's laws. Countries with high protection of shareholder rights witness higher M&A activity compared to those more protective of labor rights. However, drawing from data covering financial services firms in 35 countries from 1990 to 2016, we discovered that financial crises tend to weaken the influence of both shareholder and employee rights on M&A deals. This insight highlights the importance of understanding the differences in the functioning of the M&A market across countries and the shifting power dynamics between shareholders and employees, especially in times of financial uncertainty, for those involved in planning and executing M&A strategies.
The impact of the 2014 Medicaid expansion on the health, health care access, and financial well‐being of low‐income young adults
Authors: Hamilton Christal
Published: May 2024

Prior to the 2014 Affordable Care Act (ACA) expansion, 37% of young adults ages 19–25 in the United States were low‐income and a third lacked health insurance coverage—both the highest rates for any age group in the population. The ACA's Medicaid eligibility expansion, therefore, would have been significantly beneficial to low‐income young adults. This study evaluates the effect of the ACA Medicaid expansion on the health, health care access and utilization, and financial well‐being of low‐income young adults ages 19–25. Using 2010–2017 National Health Interview Survey data, I estimate policy effects by applying a difference‐in‐differences design leveraging the variation in state implementation of the expansion policy. I show that Medicaid expansion improved health insurance coverage, health care access, and financial well‐being for low‐income young adults in expansion states, but had no effect on their health status and health care utilization. I also find that the policy was associated with larger gains in health coverage for racial minorities relative to their Non‐Hispanic White counterparts. With the continued health policy reform debates at the state and federal levels, the empirical evidence from this study can help inform policy decisions that aim to improve health care access and utilization among disadvantaged groups.
Longitudinal associations of plasma kynurenines and ratios with fatigue and quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors up to 12 months post‐treatment
Authors: Holthuijsen Daniëlle D. B. , van Roekel Eline H. , Bours Martijn J. L. , Ueland Per M. , Breukink Stéphanie O. , Janssen‐Heijnen Maryska L. G. , Keulen Eric T. P. , Brezina Stefanie , Gigic Biljana , Peoples Anita R. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Ulvik Arve , Weijenberg Matty P. , Eussen Simone J. P. M.
Published: May 2024

Fatigue is prevalent in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors, impacting their health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Inflammation‐induced activation of the kynurenine pathway may play a role in cancer‐related fatigue and HRQoL, but evidence is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate longitudinal associations of plasma tryptophan, kynurenines, and ratios with fatigue and HRQoL in CRC survivors up to 12 months post‐treatment. Repeated measurements at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months post‐treatment were performed in 249 stage I‐III CRC survivors. Plasma tryptophan and eight kynurenines were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS–MS). Fatigue and HRQoL outcomes were evaluated using validated questionnaires. Confounder‐adjusted linear mixed models were conducted to analyze longitudinal associations, with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Higher tryptophan (Trp), kynurenic acid (KA), and xanthurenic acid (XA) concentrations, as well as a higher kynurenic acid‐to‐quinolinic acid ratio (KA/QA), were associated with less fatigue and better functioning, while a higher kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio (KTR) and 3‐hydroxykynurenine ratio (HKr) were associated with more fatigue and worse functioning. Finally, higher KA and XA concentrations and a higher KA/QA ratio were associated with a higher overall HRQoL summary score, while a higher HKr was associated with a lower overall HRQoL summary score. In conclusion, we observed that tryptophan and several kynurenines were longitudinally associated with fatigue and HRQoL in CRC survivors up to 12 months post‐treatment. Future research is needed to validate our findings and explore the potential of the kynurenine pathway as intervention target for reducing fatigue and enhancing HRQoL after CRC treatment.
Deciphering the folate puzzle: Unraveling the impact of genetic variations and metabolites on cancer risk
Authors: Liu Tong , Liu Chen‐An , Wei Ya‐Ping , Song Meng‐Meng , Zhang Qi , Song Yun , Chen Ping , Liu Li‐Shun , Wang Bin‐Yan , Shi Han‐Ping
Published: May 2024

The C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene and its role in folate metabolism, impacting serum folate metabolites like THF and 5‐MTHF, is a critical but underexplored area in cancer research. This nested case–control study utilized data from CHHRS, involving 87,492 hypertensive adults without prior cancer. During a median of 2.02 years, we identified 1332 cancer cases and matched controls based on age, sex, and residency. Serum levels of folate, THF, and 5‐MTHF were measured, and the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was considered. Statistical analyses included restricted cubic spline regression and conditional logistic regression models. Serum THF levels were inversely associated with overall cancer risk (ORper SD = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82–0.99), while 5‐MTHF levels showed a negative association in the general cohort (ORQ3 vs. Q1 = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60–0.96; ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58–0.98) and in individuals with MTHFR C677T (CC + CT) polymorphism (ORper SD = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77–0.99; ORQ4 VS. Q1 = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.61–0.98), but a positive association in the MTHFR C677T (TT) subgroup (ORper SD = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.02–3.72; ORQ4 VS. Q1 = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.06–8.21). The impact of folate, THF, and 5‐MTHF on cancer risk varied significantly across different cancer types and MTHFR C677T genotypes. This study provides novel insights into the variable effects of folate and its metabolites on cancer risk, influenced by genetic factors like the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and cancer type.
Fast interfacial electrocatalytic desolvation enabling low‐temperature and long‐cycle‐life aqueous Zn batteries
Authors: Wang Jian , Hu Hongfei , Jia Lujie , Zhang Jing , Zhuang Quan , Li Linge , Zhang Yongzheng , Wang Dong , Guan Qinghua , Hu Huimin , Liu Meinan , Zhan Liang , Adenusi Henry , Passerini Stefano , Lin Hongzhen
Published: May 2024

Low‐temperature zinc batteries (LT‐ZIBs) based on aqueous electrolytes show great promise for practical applications owing to their natural resource abundance and low cost. However, they suffer from sluggish kinetics with elevated energy barriers due to the dissociation of bulky Zn(H2O)62+ solvation structure and free Zn2+ diffusion, resulting in unsatisfactory lifespan and performance. Herein, dissimilar to solvation shell tuning or layer spacing enlargement engineering, delocalized electrons in cathode through constructing intrinsic defect engineering is proposed to achieve a rapid electrocatalytic desolvation to obtain free Zn2+ for insertion/extraction. As revealed by density functional theory calculations and interfacial spectroscopic characterizations, the intrinsic delocalized electron distribution propels the Zn(H2O)62+ dissociation, forming a reversible interphase and facilitating Zn2+ diffusion across the electrolyte/cathode interface. The as‐fabricated oxygen defect‐rich V2O5 on hierarchical porous carbon (ODVO@HPC) electrode exhibits high capacity robustness from 25 to −20°C. Operating at −20°C, the ODVO@HPC delivers 191 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1 and lasts for 50 000 cycles at 10 A g−1, significantly enhancing the power density and lifespan under low‐temperature environments in comparison to previous reports. Even with areal mass loading of ~13 mg cm−2, both coin cells and pouch batteries maintain excellent stability and areal capacities, realizing practical high‐performance LT‐ZIBs.
Extracellular vesicles: A new frontier in the theranostics of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Fu Enze , Li Zongjin
Published: May 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny vesicles released by various cells that contain a variety of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can have a wide range of effects on other cells. The dynamic composition and contents of EVs can serve as sensitive biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In addition to their diagnostic potential, EVs are therapeutic agents capable of precise modulation and amelioration of CVDs, because of their innate ability to encapsulate and deliver bioactive molecules. This growing field reveals the intricate interplay between EVs and cardiovascular pathophysiology, showing that EVs can act as messengers of intercellular communication for CVD regenerative therapy. Extracellular vesicles serve as dual agents in the field of theranostics, both as diagnostic biomarkers able to decode nuanced molecular signatures of CVDs and as potent vehicles for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review delves into the evolving landscape of EVs, uncovering their diagnostic and therapeutic prospects and emphasizing their growing importance in shaping the future of cardiovascular theranostics.
Mechanically suitable and osteoinductive 3D‐printed composite scaffolds with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles having diverse morphologies for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Wojasiński Michał , Podgórski Rafał , Kowalczyk Piotr , Latocha Joanna , Prystupiuk Kornel , Janowska Oliwia , Gierlotka Stanisław , Staniszewska Monika , Ciach Tomasz , Sobieszuk Paweł
Published: May 2024

The challenge of integrating hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) with polymers is hindered by the conflict between the hydrophilic and hygroscopic properties of nHAp and the hydrophobic properties of polymers. This conflict particularly affects the materials when calcium phosphates, including nHAp, are used as a filler in composites in thermal processing applications such as 3D printing with fused filament fabrication (FFF). To overcome this, we propose a one‐step surface modification of nHAp with calcium stearate monolayer. Moreover, to build the scaffold with suitable mechanical strength, we tested the addition of nHAp with diverse morphology—spherical, plate‐ and rod‐like nanoparticles. Our analysis showed that the composite of polycaprolactone (PCL) reinforced with nHAp with rod and plate morphologies modified with calcium stearate monolayer exhibited a significant increase in compressive strength. However, composites with spherical nHAp added to PCL showed a significant reduction in compressive modulus and compressive strength, but both parameters were within the applicability range of hard tissue scaffolds. None of the tested composite scaffolds showed cytotoxicity in L929 murine fibroblasts or MG‐63 human osteoblast‐like cells, supporting the proliferation of the latter. Additionally, PCL/nHAp scaffolds reinforced with spherical nHAp caused osteoactivation of bone marrow human mesenchymal stem cells, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity and COL1, RUNX2, and BGLAP expression. These results suggest that the calcium stearate monolayer on the surface of the nHAp particles allows the production of polymer/nHAp composites suitable for hard tissue engineering and personalized implant production in 3D printing using the FFF technique.
Transfer of embryos with positive PGT‐M results: Genetic Counselors' perspectives and ethical considerations
Authors: Gunderson Silvia , Gabriel Jazmine
Published: May 2024

Increasing numbers of fertility patients use preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic conditions (PGT‐M) during in vitro fertilization (IVF). While PGT‐M is primarily used to avoid implanting embryos with a monogenic condition, patients can request to transfer an embryo with the monogenic condition (positive embryo transfer), especially in cases where an IVF cycle results in no unaffected embryos. Transferring embryos with known disease‐causing variants raises ethical concerns. There is limited understanding about how stakeholders in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) field approach these issues. In this study, genetic counselors were sent a survey to gather insight into their views about transferring embryos with different monogenic conditions. N = 99 genetic counselors completed the survey, 22 of whom had experience with patients requesting or deciding to transfer an embryo with a monogenic condition (positive embryo transfer experience). Most participants, including those with positive embryo transfer experience, were supportive of positive embryo transfer, regardless of the genetic condition. While participating genetic counselors were largely supportive of all patient decisions, they reported increased moral uneasiness around transferring embryos with life‐limiting monogenic conditions, such as Huntington's disease. Further investigation into the experiences of genetic counselors who have experienced positive embryo transfer requests in practice can help delineate the ethical questions that ART providers face in this context and clarify how genetic counselors can contribute to establishing guidelines in the ART field.
A synthetic strategy for the preparation of alkoxy‐functionalized bis‐1,2,4‐triazinyl‐2,6‐pyridines
Authors: Tedder Mariah L. , Carrick Jesse D.
Published: May 2024

Heteroaryl‐1,2,4‐triazine complexants are commonly utilized in separation science for the selective chelation of minor An from Ln in simulated high‐level waste. To facilitate access to relevant chemical entities for hypothesis‐driven inquiry toward improved separations performance, a synthetic method to construct various alkoxy‐complexant derivatives was required. In this work, a convergent synthetic strategy for the production of 3,3′‐ and 4,4′‐tetraalkoxy‐bis‐1,2,4‐triazinyl‐2,6‐pyridines from readily available starting materials via a dealkylation/alkylation/condensation approach is described. Synthetic method development, substrate scope, preliminary solubility, and hydrolytic stability data in various process‐relevant diluents are reported herein.
The charade of discreetness: Exploring the paradoxical lifestyles of romance fraudsters
Authors: Barnor Jonathan
Published: May 2024

This study examined mechanisms that influence romance fraud perpetrators' public display of affluence, an aspect of romance fraud research that has received little attention in the literature. The study collected data through semi‐structured interviews with eight offenders from two Ghanaian cybercrime hotbeds and three law enforcement officials, using a qualitative research approach based on the critical realist paradigm. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis, which revealed that the social environment, peer influence, links with high‐net‐worth individuals (upper structure clientelism), the involvement of social media and collaboration with some corrupt state officials all had a substantial influence on cybercriminals' public display of wealth. Furthermore, upper structure clientelism shows systemic flaws in financial institutions that must be addressed in order to reduce online romance fraud. The significance of social media in fostering public displays of wealth emphasises the importance of education and awareness initiatives as preventative measures. To effectively prevent online romance fraud, law enforcement should prioritise interagency cooperation and transparency among governmental institutions.
Construction of a tropical cyclone size dataset using reanalysis data
Authors: Thompson Derek T. , Keim Barry D. , Brown Vincent M.
Published: May 2024

This paper details the creation of a tropical cyclone (TC) size dataset using the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis I dataset for landfalling TCs along the United States coastline from 1948 to 2022. The radius of the outermost closed isobar (ROCI) is used as the size parameter. The dataset comprises landfall ROCI for 220 TCs. Storms are split into three zones (Texas–Alabama, Florida and Georgia–Maine) to determine if TC size varies geographically. Results showed a significant difference in landfall size, with Florida storms larger on average than the Texas–Alabama storms. Additionally, TC size increased with increasing intensity from tropical storm to Category 3, and storms tended to be larger later in the hurricane season, but there was no significant trend in landfall size over the 75‐year period. ROCI exhibited statistically significant positive correlations with longitude and wind speed and a negative correlation with the outermost closed isobar's pressure. The dataset's creation is an example of how reanalysis datasets can be used to develop a TC size climatology.
Outcomes of Radial Forearm Free Flap Closure With Split‐Thickness Skin Graft Versus Primary Closure
Authors: Mousa‐Doust Dorsa , Dinur Anat Bahat , Turkdogan Sena , Durham J. Scott , Anderson Donald , Prisman Eitan
Published: May 2024

Background

This study compares patient‐reported functional and aesthetic outcomes of split‐thickness skin graft (STSG) versus hatchet flap closure of radial forearm free flap (RFFF) donor site.

Methods

Patients with RFFF (2015–2020) were retrospectively identified. Those willing to participate in patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) filled out Patient‐Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (MHOQ).

Results

198 patients met our inclusion criteria and 81 participated in PRO. There was a higher rate of tendon exposure in STSG versus hatchet flap (11 vs. 1, p = 0.0019), but a lower rate of skin necrosis (5 vs. 16, p = 0.0190) and epidermolysis (1 vs. 12, p = 0.0028). Scar quality in STSG was superior to hatchet flap in all domains of POSAS. MHOQ scores were similar between both groups with no statistical difference in overall scores (p = 0.2165).

Conclusions

STSG appeared to have less compromise in activities of daily living, better satisfaction and improved scar quality than hatchet flap, but a higher rate of tendon exposure.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:4266–4273, 2024
Unveiling the aluminum tolerance by Tithonia diversifolia grown in acid soil: Insights from morphological, anatomical, and nutritional analysis
Authors: Ovani Vagner , Pérez‐Márquez Simón , Rossi Mônica Lanzoni , Martinelli Adriana Pinheiro , Lavres José , Louvandini Helder , Abdalla Adibe Luiz
Published: May 2024

Acidic soils cover two‐thirds of Brazil's land, significantly reducing pasture productivity and resilience. Tithonia diversifolia has emerged as a promising forage alternative for such soils. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different soil acidity levels, determined by base‐cation saturation (BCS) levels, on the anatomical, and morphological analyses of the roots, the nutritional status of the plants, as well as the root and shoot biomass production. A 107‐days greenhouse experiment was carried out, employing a randomized block design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. The factors included two propagation methods (seeds and stem cuttings) and four BCS levels (19%, 39%, 52%, and 63%). There was no observed interaction between propagation methods and BCS levels regarding root and shoot biomass production. This indicates that T. diversifolia's tolerance to acidic soils is not affected by the propagation method. However, stem‐propagated plants exhibited significantly greater root (31% increase) and shoot (26% increase) biomass production compared to seed‐propagated plants. Regardless of the propagation method, T. diversifolia plants grown in soil with a 19% BCS level showed a substantial reduction in root (45% decrease) and shoot (31% decrease) biomass compared to the 63% BCS level treatment. The root anatomy and morphology of T. diversifolia are affected when cultivated in acidic soils with a 19% BCS level. Nevertheless, the Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) test detected some mucilage in T. diversifolia roots, suggesting a potential defense mechanism for Al3+. The shoot biomass of T. diversifolia plants cultivated in soil with a 19% BCS level exhibited greater nutritional values compared to the 63% BCS level. In conclusion, propagation methods have a limited impact on the tolerance of T. diversifolia to acidic soils. Despite the negative effects on root and shoot biomass production, T. diversifolia effectively maintains nutrient uptake even under acidic soil conditions with Al3+ availability of 5 mmolc dm−3.
California campaign targeting youths will heighten awareness around ACEs
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2024

(Editor's note: In each issue of MHW during Mental Health Awareness Month, we will feature an innovative initiative in mental health advocacy/promotion.)
Report finds ‘trusted messengers’ play vital role in 988 support
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2024

Responding to earlier research that found individuals who struggle with mental health issues tend to turn to their loved ones and others close to them to seek support through the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, two organizations have partnered on follow‐up research and a tool kit that provides specific messaging strategies tailored for these “trusted messengers.”
Diagnoses of muscular dystrophy in a veterans health system
Authors: Zingariello Carla D. , Mohamed Yara , Jorand‐Fletcher Magali , Wymer James , Kang Peter B. , Rasmussen Sonja A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Aims

Early diagnosis of a chronic neuromuscular disease such as muscular dystrophy (MD) generally excludes an individual from active‐duty military service. However, it is not known whether veterans are sometimes diagnosed with milder forms of MD at a later timepoint. We aimed to determine the prevalence of MD in a veterans health system.

Methods

We abstracted clinical and genetic test data on patients who received care for a diagnosis of MD at the North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System between 2008 and 2021. We then determined which of these individuals would meet criteria for a definite diagnosis of MD, based on electrodiagnostic testing, muscle biopsy, and genetic testing of the individual or an affected first degree relative.

Results

We identified 12 patients with definite MD and 36 with possible or probable MD. The definite cases included myotonic dystrophy type 1 (4), myotonic dystrophy type 2 (3), oculopharyngeal MD (2), Becker MD (1), distal MD (1), and facioscapulohumeral MD (1). At least five of the cases classified as definite developed symptoms after discharge from active duty.

Discussion

Clinicians who care for veterans should be knowledgeable about, and have access to, diagnostic testing and treatment options for MD. When conducting MD surveillance, it is important to include veterans health systems as a data source. Mild cases of MD and those of later onset appear to be compatible in some cases with successful completion of military service.
A birdcage transmit, 24‐channel conformal receive array coil for sensitive 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the human brain at 7 T
Authors: Hovagimian Johnny Der , Yazdanbakhsh Pedram , Halilibrahimoglu Hande , Couch Marcus J. , Hoge Richard , Rudko David A.
Published: May 2024

Phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) can serve as a critical tool for more direct quantification of brain energy metabolism, tissue pH, and cell membrane turnover. However, the low concentration of 31P metabolites in biological tissue may result in low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in 31P MRS images. In this work, we present an innovative design and construction of a 31P radiofrequency coil for whole‐brain MRSI at 7 T. Our coil builds on current literature in ultra‐high field 31P coil design and offers complete coverage of the brain, including the cerebellum and brainstem. The coil consists of an actively detunable volume transmit (Tx) resonator and a custom 24‐channel receive (Rx) array. The volume Tx resonator is a 16‐rung high‐pass birdcage coil. The Rx coil consists of a 24‐element phased array composed of catered loop shapes and sizes built onto a custom, close‐fitting, head‐shaped housing. The Rx array was designed to provide complete coverage of the head, while minimizing mutual coupling. The Rx configuration had a mean
reflection coefficient better than −20 decibels (dB) when the coil was loaded with a human head. The mean mutual coupling (
) among Rx elements, when loaded with a human head, was −16 dB. In phantom imaging, the phased array produced a central SNR that was 4.4‐fold higher than the corresponding central SNR when operating the 31P birdcage as a transceiver. The peripheral SNR was 12‐fold higher when applying the optimized phased array. In vivo 3D 31P MRSI experiments produced high‐quality spectra in the cerebrum gray and white matter, as well as in the cerebellum. Characteristic phosphorus metabolites related to adenosine triphosphate metabolism and cell membrane turnover were distinguishable across all brain regions. In summary, our results demonstrate the potential of our novel coil for accurate, whole‐brain 31P metabolite quantification.