bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACCOUNTING INFORMATION FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Látečková Anna
Published: December 2016

The basic requirement for a quality business management is the availability of required information. Information architecture of enterprise and accounting should create unit, which allows to synchronize opportunities of the enterprise information system with the requirements of managers for management and decision. The main objective of this article is to present the accounting as an essential source for business management with emphasis on the availability of accounting information in real time. In order to meet the objective were applied basic methods of analysis, synthesis, and deduction. We used the informational sources from available domestic and foreign literature. Data of analysis are derived using the method of structured questionnaire, applied in the chosen set of enterprises (30 agri-food enterprises), and selected software products. To meet the objective of the paper we used also another methods: observation and interviews with managers in selected companies, information system providers, developers of software companies. We accomplished the analysis of current situation on the market with business information systems. After the synthesis and comparison of obtained data, we concluded the results that are presented in this paper. The outcome of our research is the fact that managers require actual, objective information with an immediate overview of important economic indicators and remote access to such information. Accounting as an integrating tool of business information system meets all the stated requirements and in combination with the latest technologies, such as open source software and cloud solutions, is an indispensable information source for business management.
Insomnia és elalvást segítő szokások felmérése felnőttek körében
Authors: Fusz Katalin , Faludi Béla , Pusztai Dorina , Sebők Nóra , Oláh András
Published: December 2016

Introduction: The quality of sleep can be influenced by several factors, insomnia in turn has an effect on the state of health. Aim: The aim of our survey is to measure the effects of insomnia, furthermore, the sleep affecting agents and habits to help to fall asleep among adults. Method: We collected the online nationwide and the written datas from the South-Transdanubia region, 455 adults filled the questionnaire which contains the Athens Insomnia Scale. Results: 13.4% of participants has insomnia, it is influenced by the quality of diet (p<0.001), comsumption of coffee (p = 0.045) and the physical activity (p = 0.011), what is more in correlation with the prevalency of chronic deseases (p = 0.001) and psychosomatic symptoms (p<0.001). The most frequent causes of sleep disorders are: work-related stress (35.6%), personal-life stress (35.4%) and pain (24.2%). In case of dormition problems most of the participants watch television (52.1%) and read (33%); 7.5% and 11.4% of the responders use sleeping pills and tisane. Conclusions: We attract attention to the prevalency and effects of insomnia, and the habits to help to fall asleep. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(49), 1955–1959.
Az oxidatív stressz szerepe a diabeteses neuropathia kialakulásában
Authors: Sztanek Ferenc , Molnárné Molnár Ágnes , Balogh Zoltán
Published: December 2016

Diabetic neuropathy may be one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of microvascular complications of diabetes. The majority of related pathways like polyol and hexosamine, advanced glycation end products, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, and protein kinase-C all originated from initial oxidative stress. In this review, the authors present the current oxidative stress hypothesis in diabetes mellitus and summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy associated with increased oxidative stress. The development of modern medicines to treat diabetic neuropathy needs intensive long-term comparative trials in the future. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(49), 1939–1946.
Belet infiltráló endometriosis: a gasztroenterológia és a sebészet új kihívása? Vastagbélileust okozó endometriosis három esete és irodalmi áttekintés
Authors: Lukovich Péter , Csibi Noémi , Rigó jr. János , Bokor Attila
Published: December 2016

Introduction: A number of the patients suffer from endometriosis increased in the past decades and the cases have became more serious. The most critical complication of bowel endometriosis is the large bowel obstruction. Up to recently, 16 similar case reports of large bowel endomteriosis causing obstruction, with detailed medical history have been published in the literature in English language. Patients: Since 2007 535 female have been treated in the 1st Gynaecological Department with endometriosis, out of them three patients from emergency surgery in the history because of large bowel obstruction. Results: Symptoms suggesting endometriosis or previous intervention due to endometriosis were detected in 59% (13/21) of the cases. Preoperative ultrasound, computertomography, magnetic resonance imaging did not give correct diagnosis. Colonoscopy was carried out before the primary operation in 61% (13/21) and after the surgery in 24% (5/21) of the cases, but none of them confirmed endometriosis. Although all the patients developed obstruction, only in 5% (1/19) of the patients was the mucosa infiltrated by the endometriosis. Conclusions: In a young female patient, intestinal obstruction can be caused by bowel endometriosis. Identification of colonoscopic signs (rigidity, impression, kinking) of endometriosis may help to avoid unnecessary extension of intestinal resection. Gynaecologists should take part in the operations. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(49), 1960–1966.
Jender dalam Kisah-kisah al-Qur’an
Authors: Jalil Abdul
Published: December 2016

: It considers equality issues between men and women’s rights in some of the advanced societies of the most important issues of critical importance to the achievement of social justice among individuals, and here appeared aware of gender or gender convention to discuss those issues. Muslims as a community religious and social limitations and organized his own and different from country to country, but they inevitably come back in a lot of things and issues to the Koran as a book in which the divine guidance and the interests of all individuals. This research related to women’s and men’s rights issues and the relationship between them from the Koran perspective, where the Koran is a difference between use of words and words by context, use of the word male and female in the context of creation and differentiation diversity in human formation, while the use of the word of men and women when he was the context of the social and cultural role, Quran stories and also different style for the Torah, where it enters the principles and values and social sermons through his narrative and his words and talks in story mode
Poligami dalam Teori Hermeneutika Muhammad Shahrûr
Authors: Tamu Yowan
Published: December 2016

Muhammad Shah}rûr was a liberal philosopher from Suriah. Most scholars who study Shahrûr’s thought split into 3 phases of his thinking. The first phase, 1970 - 1980 is the contemplation phase. This phase is more influenced by the thought of taqlîd which is inherited and present in the old Islamic heritage and modern one, as well as a tendency in the Islamic ideology (‘Aqîdah) either in the form of kalâm and fiqh schools. The second phase is between the years of 1980 - 1986 is the phase where Shahrûr began to deliver his ideas and his interest into language studies, philosophy and understanding of the Qur’an. The third phase is between the years of 1986 - 1990 which Shahrûr began intensively arranges his thoughts in the topic of Islamic thoughts. In some aspects of his interpretation, He rejected Prophet Muhammad’s asbâb al-nuzûl and it’s temporarily limit, and strengthen the arguments the rejecters of divine revelation as a verse just resting on his asbâb al-nuzûl itself.
Kontribusi al-Qirâ’ât al-Tafsîrîyah dalam Penafsiran al-Qur’an
Authors: Nur Afrizal
Published: December 2016

Qirâ’at urgency in order to understand the Koran was not able to be underestimated, and we must not regard the issue as a matter of considerable qirâ’at only borne by the smallest group. The Companions are characters who have a great contribution in the history of popularizing various versions qirâ’ât including qirâ’ât tafsîrîyah, their participation in the development of the understanding of the verses of the Koran are very large. Qirâ’at is one pillar of the pillars of the source of interpretation by other sacred texts (al-ma’thûr). Based on the explanation, then we know that qirâ’ât tafsîrîyah definitely has a share and a huge contribution in the interpretation and to produce law, so therefore it becomes very urgen to study it comprehensively in order to practice the Qur'an to practice perfect.
Pemetaan Karya Tafsir di Arab Saudi
Authors: Fitria Riri
Published: December 2016

This paper will not discuss about the development of the county in economic, political and other, but specialize discussion n interpretation development and their interpreter. As for the interpreter to be targeted, for a more comprehensive description, the author here does not follow the rules of previous papers, this is only by focusing to the original Arabian’s interpreter, but also in al-mufassirûn al-wâfidûn, which in not a Arabian, but they wrote an interpretation on the state. At the end of the paper, the author conclude tat work of interpretation in the country of Saudi of Arabia in general using the al-tahlîlî with fiqhî style and i‘tiqadî. In term of methodology, in the county of Saudi Arabia patterned in wahabism an it is no so let the flexibility ration other than in accordance with what has been laid down by generation of salaf al-sâlih so that the interpretation in Saudi Arabia tend let behind than Egypt which more let the use of ratios.
Orientalisme dan Islam dalam Pergulatan Sejarah
Authors: Haqan Arina
Published: December 2016

Western interest in Islam can be seen as the start of the movement to study Islam since the 12th century. At that time, some western monks ever came to Andalusia in the heyday of the East. They learn in schools there, translating the Koran and Arabic language books into their language in various fields of science. Among them is Jerbert who was elected Pope of Rome in 999 AD, Pierrele Aenere (1156-1092), and Gerard de Gremone (1187-1114). After returning to their home areas they begin to teach the science that has been obtained. This article discusses about Orientals, ranging from the definition, history until its development. Including the development of studies of Orientals is the quality Orientalis, subjectivist or objectivist. According to the authors, the quality classification is necessary as a critique of Orientals lunge. At the end of the study say that there are two models of Orientals Islamic studies. A view of them remains as subjective first period with a condescending attitude towards the East. But others, has seen Islam objectively in terms of pure science
Budaya Kritik Ulama Hadis Perspektif Historis dan Praktis
Authors: Umar Atho’illah
Published: December 2016

Sunnah, as the second source after Koran had been through several hard priod which stems from slander, emerge in the midst of Muslims since the death of caliph Othman b. ‘Affan. During that, the Sunnah of the Prophet become a tool for political infighting and it arose multi fanaticism, starting from the fanaticism of madhhab, race, class, and other fanaticism along with the break up of the Muslims into sects. This makes the Sunnah ainted. It was difficult to distinguish between an authentic hadith, da‘îf even mawdû‘. It is difficult to distinguish whether the transmitters are thiqah, free from fanaticism, or other tendency, which caused the narrators unable to maintain the integrity of Sunnah. Since the codification campaign echoed the hadith, the scholars began the unification and selection of traditions in various ways, all were concentrated on the activities of criticism as an effort to authenticate hadith, chains. So, the common question of tradition at the time was whether the isnâd valid, whether the matn certainly valid as well. This paradigm emerged different disciplines related to the study, such as science of isnâd, al-jarh wa al-ta‘dîl, al-tabaqât, al-‘ilal and so forth
Kaidah Kualifikasi Intelektual Mufasir dan Urgensinya
Authors: Alfurqon Alfurqon
Published: December 2016

Koran has condemned those who do not pay attention to abortion, and that the companions themselves often do not know or understand the meaning of different opinions in the words of God, so that from their early discussions have arisen in the interpretation of the Koran. Being an authoritative expert on the interpretation of the Koran is a noble task and position. As commentators not only to explain the verses are not clear, but also explain the law and all its consequences as the main guidelines of Muslims. But commentators are not as easy as imagined. There are conditions of knowledge and personality that must be met. This is important because the Prophet himself has given strict guidelines for those who want to interpret the verses of the Koran are not stuck on subjectivity and personal interests. This article tries to discuss the intellectual and personality prerequisites that must be owned by an interpreter as seen by scholars.
Pemetaan Kajian Tafsir Periode Sahabat dan Tâbi‘în
Authors: Suryanto Suryanto
Published: December 2016

The study of the Koran is always evolving since it revealed. The emergence of the various books of commentary which is loaded with various methods and approaches, is clear evidence that efforts to interpret the Koran was never stopped, and that the Muslims intend to make it as a dialogue partner in life and to develop a civilization. In each period, interpretation has its own peculiarities and characteristics. Between one period to another can not be forced together. Related to the issue, this paper presents the mapping of classical interpretation studies whose focuses on “the characteristics and uniqueness of this interpretation.” The interpretation of the Koran in classical period has not revealed in a specific form, both al-ma’thûr or al-ra’y. The interpretation process of this period is still common al-ma’thûr when it viewed in terms of sources and forms of interpretation. Commentators seem clearly given the interpretation together in one package, along with the people coaching personality, which related to faith, moral, and jurisprudence. The interpretation is applied integrally not partially, which included other fields, such as theology, jurisprudence, and mysticism. This method then indicates the other, called today by the ijmâlî
Kritik ‘Alî Harb terhadap Pembacaan Teks
Authors: Asy’ari Bashri
Published: December 2016

‘Alî Harb, one of the contemporary Muslim thinkers, whit a philosophy background, also crushed the renewal through hermeneutic methods and gather it with the French treasury to discover Islam groundede which appropriate with the development period and history. This paper attempts to peer into the mind of hermeneutics of ‘Alî Harb and its implications for the world of Islamic thought. And it is found a result that ‘Alî Harb understand the text as a symbol and each symbol can not be abstracted the reality completely. He tried to photograph the forgotten side of the developing ideas. Therefore howefer what he did is a valuable contribution in the treasures of Islamic thought.
Qirâ’ah Siyâqîyah Nasr Hâmid Abû Zayd tentang Hak-hak Wanita dalam al-Qur’an
Authors: Billa Mutamakkin
Published: December 2016

Starting from the problems that faced by an Egyptian female experts in field of nuclear reactors as well as a lecture at an university who divorced her husband because she refused her husband’s request for pregnancy/childbirth specially the question of divorce judgment “suddenly” assigned by religious judge based on “capping” women role only in domestic region of the family or motherhood (al-ummah). Abû Zayd then analyze the concept of women’s right in the Koran including its relationship with the polygamy case. At the end of the discussion paper, the authors citing the opinion of Abû Zayd that regard bad argument of supporting of polygamy parties whe base themselves on interpretations and interpretations of fiqh and argued on the basis of the conditions of contemporary morality. That polygamy is the best way, in the sense of it’s smaller dangers than the adultery especially when it is figured on the social-moral in the west
Penafsiran Akal dalam al-Qur’an
Authors: Hodri Hodri
Published: December 2016

It’s inevitable that the Koran will always be a reference (marja’) for Muslims in every thought and action, followed later by al-Sunnah in the second position, both as a reference in understanding the Koran or as independent sources in understanding and resolve specific cases. This fact has prompted the birth of various patterns of interpretation or comments of the scholars of Koran which continues to experience dynamic methodoligical growth, from tahlîlî, bi al-ma’thûr, adabî wa ijtimâ‘î, sûfî, to the mawdû‘î or thematic model. This article will discuss the intellect (al-‘aql) within teh Koran perspective, namely effort to understand a thematic topic. Intellect (al-‘aql) is one of debate topic among Muslims, especially among theologians or mutakallimîn against philosophers, who have not obtained a satisfactory intersection. This paper seeks to understand the topic of the debate in the Koran, with regard to the understanding of the exegete, and after first discussing on the opinion of both theologians and philosophers.
Peran Second Line dalam Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal
Authors: Huda Shokhi
Published: December 2016

Ibn H{anbal was a great mujaddid Islam with the final work hadith titled al-Musnad. Musnad is a hadith which contains a range of devices beyond the author himself, namely: (1) the teacher as transmitter of the tradition, (2) management through the involvement of his family, and (3) generation of editing afterwards, (4) the reclassification composition for service development literature, and (5) i‘râb against him. The latter two devices make the referensif Musnad rises higher. Musnad strategies are (1) the involvement of the gate-keeper as the key to unlocking the information, (2) checking the validity of data through cross-check and overtime, and (3) the transformation of information to open criticism. Musnad role in the science of hadith are (1) collection of hadith which are highest among the narrators, (2) the methodology of the strategies used; and (3) contribution to the tradition of jurisprudence. In that role there contributive involvement in the preparation of Musnad second line in an orderly manner, the addition of hadith from other sources, and updates the edition.
Ta’wîl Ibn al-Zubayr terhadap Mutashâbih al-Lafz dalam al-Qur’an
Authors: Yaumin Nahri Delta
Published: December 2016

The word is strung into the verses of the Koran is a divine sentence a similar level of fluency and beauty of literature between one verse with other verses. Although the Koran uses mutashâbih al-lafz and tikrâr, the choice of words is representative of the context is going on. This means that the choice of words shows the detail of information that occurred and the repetition of words not followed essentially the repetition of meaning, but brings new meaning different from the first words that are complementary and not interchangeable. This rule is brought to Ibn al-Zubayr al-Gharnâtî trough his creation, Milâk al-Ta’wîl al-Qâti’ bi Dhawi al-Ilhâd wa al-Ta’t}îl fî Tawjîh al-Mutashâbih al-Lafz min Ây al-Tanzîl. This creation became a real reflection of insight cleric Granada, which uses the method applied research (al-manhâj al-tatbîqî al-tahlîlî) in every discussion. This article will explain the interpretation of Ibn Zubayr on the causes of differences in editorial verses of the Koran, known as al-lafz mutashâbih.
Pandangan al-Qur’an tentang Makna Jâhilîyah Perspektif Semantik
Authors: Romziana Luthviyah
Published: December 2016

This article will examine the meaning of the word in the Koran jâhilîyah mentioned as many as 24 verses in 17 letters with various forms of the semantic approach. This approach is an option given the existence of this word has been around since pre-islamic Arab past, as evidenced by the presence of all jâhilîyah lyric. In addition, the commentators also provide a diverse meaning to the word. Ibn Jarîr al-T{abarî that in fact as a classical commentators, stating that the meaning of the word refers jâhilîyah person who has committed a disgraceful act or any person who commits sin intentionally. While Sayyid Qutb see it as the opposite of ‘ilm and ma‘rifah. In view of Quraish Shihab is jâhilîyah is not only opposed to the word ‘ilm but also in the sense of losing control of himself, so that actors do things that are not fair, either at the instigation of appetite, temporary interests, or parochialism. Many differences of opinion about the meaning of the word jâhilîyah, interesting to study further with semantics as analysis approach
Lessons from the transition of a ‘fee for service’ to ‘fee-for value’ in American academic medical centers- can medical education programs learn from this experience?
Authors: Gullo Charles
Published: December 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Academic medical centers and other health care systems are adapting and innovating in response to the evolving nature of reimbursement models emerging in the American health care landscape. As traditional fee-for-service compensation yields to fee-for-value, health providers are developing and deploying processes and technology to identify patients who are most at risk for adverse outcomes to manage their encounters with the system and to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes. Programs such as Accountable Care Organization (ACO) and Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) are now regular topics of discussion throughout board rooms, management suites and clinics. These shifts in payment models required a large amount of data and analysis. The analysis of big data is now a large part of the healthcare industry. We propose the consideration of whether a comparable approach to aspects of medical science education might spark similar innovation.
Party Switchers and Reelection: A Precinct-Level Analysis
Authors: McKee Seth C. , Yoshinaka Antoine , Lee, Jr. Keith E. , McKenzie Richard
Published: December 2016

We use precinct-level data to examine two questions: how an incumbent’s “reelection constituency” changes following a party switch and whether incumbents who switch parties do worse than non-switchers. Our data come from four members of the U.S. House who switched parties between 1995 and 2004. Among this group, one switched parties prior to the enactment of a controversial redistricting plan, and thus we can assess how boundary changes mitigate the negative impact of party switching. We also compare each party switcher’s vote following the switch with that of non-switching incumbents running for reelection that year.
The Determinants and Consequences of District Partisan Change and Intactness in the Congressional Redistricting Process: An Integrative Model
Authors: Born Richard
Published: December 2016

In this study of redistricting from 1992 to 2012, we develop an integrative path analysis model that links together the two parts of the congressional redistricting process: the impact of political and environmental antecedent variables on district partisan change and constituency intactness, and the subsequent impact that partisan chance and intactness have on incumbent reelection margin. Environmental factors, most notably the extent of a district’s overor under-population prior to redistricting, are found to ultimately make more difference on safety than does party control of the redistricting plan. Furthermore, the pathways extending through partisan change are more important for members’ reelection margin than are the pathways extending through intactness. Since members typically end up with a sizable share of new constituents, however, whereas a fairly even balance exists between districts left with pro-incumbent or anti-incumbent partisan change, the average member actually has somewhat more to fear from the former product of the redistricting process.
The genetic structure of populations of specially protected mollusk Cepaea vindobonensis (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in a north-eastern part of the modern area
Authors: Snegin Eduard A. , Snegina Elena A
Published: December 2016

Background. The population structure of relict and protected species Cepaea vindobonensis Fer. (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in a north-eastern part of the modern area has been studied. State population gene pools (11 populations) for environmental activities need to be assessed. Materials and Methods. Using allozymes (esterases) and DNA markers (RAPD, ISSR) analysis was performed. The methods polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the DNA in the agarose gel were used. Results. The populations with a low level of heterozygosity and high heterozygosity were identified. Group located in the east, did not differ in allelic diversity of the western groups. The average expected heterozygosity for allozyme He = 0,217 ± 0,080 and DNA markers He = 0,164 ± 0,024. However, the population of the Austrian snail in the study area is strongly separated from each other (Fst = 0,231, Gst = 0,265, Фst = 0,261-0,263, Nm = 0,630-0,832). The effective population size (Ne), calculated on the basis of the inbreeding coefficient, was level 0,868 ± 0,028 of the total population. The effective population size, calculated on the basis of the linear regression equation between genetic and geographic distance (Ne = 0,36-2,6) and calculated by a factor of subdivision of populations (Ne = 6,3 ± 0,1), in comparison with the effective size of the populations of common species of terrestrial mollusks was the same. Conclusion. Thus, on the basis of these data, in general, we can say, the Austrian population snails have a higher potential for life. However, the reduction of allelic diversity, the increase in the coefficient of inbreeding in some groups and a high level of isolation of populations of C. vindobonensis in the north-eastern part of the range is a concern and requires an adjustment in respect of environmental protection measures of this species.
About approaches to studying of the microevolutionary phenomena in connatural chironomids populations. nonequilibrium of populations as stable state
Authors: Zhirov Sergey V. , Mylnikov Sergey V.
Published: December 2016

Frequencies of disk sequences in polytene chromosomes from sialadens of larvae of three chironomids spesies are analysed. Cases of a deflection of population frame from expected under Hardy-Vajnberg law are statistically confirmed. Allo-cation of frequencies of individuals with different level of heterozygosity in popu-lation of Camptochironomus tentans is investigated. Influence of driving and stabi-lising selection on population is shown. The mean of an assessment of influence of different disk sequences on fitness on the basis of single assemblies is offered. Sta-bility of nonequilibrium of the investigated populations as a homeostasis sign is noted.
Transcription activity of genes taking part in Colorado potato beetle diapause regulation and its changes under the fipronil impact
Authors: Nikonorov Yuri M. , Syrtlanova Liana A. , Kitaev Konstantin A. , Benkovskaya Galina V.
Published: December 2016

Background. The peculiarities of transcription activity of genes taking part in Colorado potato beetle diapause regulation have been investigated under the laboratory conditions in winter diapause initiation phase and in the middle of winter. Materials and Methods. Excerpt of summer generation (2015 year.) adults divided in active and inactive individuals in groups treated or untreated by fipronil in sublethal concentration (0.0001% a.i.) in the diapause initiation and maintenance phases. Quantitative real-time PCR used for comparing evaluation of transcription activity in muscles and gonads tissues for genes DP1, fer, DAT1, DAT2, EcR, Ldace-1 and rdl.  Results. In gonads of active adults unlike the quiescent ones detected presence of rdl subunit of GABA-А receptor mRNA. In the middle of diapause maintenance phase in fipronil-treated adults revealed the increasing of mRNA content in muscles and gonads for genes of reserve proteins DP1, defensive proteins DAT1, DAT2, ferritin fer, gene of ecdysone receptor EcR and gene coding the acetylcholinesterase Ldace-1. Conclusion. The assumption advanced about the fipronil blocking the GABA-receptor binding thereby has significant impact to regulation processes accompanying the development of diapause states.
Evaluation and Optimization of Blood Micro-Sampling Methods: Serial Sampling in a Cross-Over Design from an Individual Mouse
Authors: Patel Nita J , Wickremsinhe Enaksha , Hui Yu-Hua , Barr Alexandar , Masterson Nicholas , Ruterbories Kenneth , Weller Jennifer , Hanes Jennifer , Kern Tom , Perkins Everett
Published: December 2016

Purpose: Current practices applied to mouse pharmacokinetic (PK) studies often use large numbers of animals with sporadic or composite sampling that inadequately describe PK profiles.  The purpose of this work was to evaluate and optimize blood microsampling techniques coupled with dried blood spot (DBS) and LC-MS/MS analysis to generate reliable PK data in mice.  In addition, the feasibility of cross-over designs was assessed and recommendations are presented. Methods: The work describes a comprehensive evaluation of five blood microsampling techniques (tail clip, tail vein with needle hub, submandibular, retro-orbital, and saphenous bleeding) in CD-1 mice.  The feasibility of blood sampling was evaluated based on animal observations, ease of bleeding, and ability to collect serial samples.  Methotrexate, gemfibrozil and glipizide were used as test compounds and were dosed either orally or intravenously, followed by DBS collection and LC-MS/MS analysis to compare PK with various bleeding methods. Results: Submandibular and retro-orbital methods that required non-serial blood collections did not allow for inter-animal variability assessments and resulted in poorly described absorption and distribution kinetics.  The submandibular and tail vein with needle-hub methods were the least favorable from a technical feasibility perspective.  Serial bleeding was possible with cannulated animals or saphenous bleeding in non-cannulated animals. Conclusions:  Of the methods that allowed serial sampling, the saphenous method when executed as described in this report, was most practical, reproducible and provided for assessment of inter-animal variability.  It enabled the collection of complete exposure profiles from a single mouse and the conduct of an intravenous/oral cross-over study design.  This methodology can be used routinely, it promotes the 3Rs principles by achieving reductions in the number of animals used, decreased restraints and animal stress, and improved the quality of data obtained in mouse PK studies. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page
Tribal dairy farming status in the Northern Hills Zone of Chhattisgarh state, India - An survey research
Authors: Mooventhan1* P. , Kadian2 K.S. , Kumar3 R. Senthil , Manimaran4 A. , Selvan5 A. Sakthivel
Published: December 2016

This survey research was carried out to explore the existing dairy farming status in the tribal populated districts of northern hills zone of Chhattisgarh state. Dairy sector has huge potential to generate rural employment and assures the nutritional security to rural folk who belongs to weaker section of the society. Chhattisgarh state is still in primordial stage in dairy farming though the state has good number of cattle population compared to other leading milk producing states. To augment the dairy production in the rural areas, surveying and analysis of existing dairying status is essential and this result helps the planners, administrators, development workers, scientists and others to frame policies to implement developmental schemes. The results indicated that, more than half (56.33%) of the tribal dairy farmers falling under the category of subsistence level of dairy production system, about half (44.67 %) of the respondents possessing medium herd size, non-descript dairy cattle ranks first in the livestock category numbers (865), followed by draught animal (539), cross breeds (126), non-descript upgraded (93), Buffalo upgraded + ND (79), Scrub bulls (27) and Calves (ND + CB + BC were (146). Non-descript lactating cows had 1.24 litres/animal as an average milk production with the maximum of 2 litres and minimum of 250 ml. Crossbred, Upgraded buffaloes and Upgraded non-descript dairy animals had shown the superior milk production performance in F2 generation. Less than half (45.33%) of the tribal farmers producing less than 1.2 litres of milk per day and majority (64.67%) of the respondents selling surplus milk through middle man.
Impact of physico-chemical properties of mix on the final quality of ice-cream
Authors: Bajad* D.N. , Kalyankar S.D. , Dehmukh M.A. , Bachanti P.R. , Bajad** G.S.
Published: December 2016

The impact of physico-chemical properties of mix is carried forward in handling of mix, processing including freezing and quality of finished product. With precaution in selection and balancing ingredient viz. Fat, Protein, sugar along with emulsifier, stabilizer and various flavouring components may provide the better quality of the final product. The proper proportion of different ingredients, improved processing can provide better quality and lower cost of Ice-cream with appreciable and acceptable quality.
Nutritional evaluation of sugar free aonla candy
Authors: Ingle Murlidhar , Patil Jayant , Nawkar Radhika
Published: December 2016

The present investigation was carried out with the objectives to develop a low calorie with high nutritional quality having good acceptability. The results showed that best quality of sugar free aonla candy was made from (10%) aspartame sugar free materials and aonla segments. In comparison to candy had minimum acidity in standard (0.61%) and maximum in aspartame aonla candy (0.76%). Maximum ascorbic acid was in standard aonla candy (230.6mg/100g) and minimum in Sucralose aonla candy (85.4mg/100g). Tannin content was recorded maximum (1.60%) in aspartame candy and minimum was (1.48%) in standard candy. The maximum color contain was recorded in standard candy (L-28.53 a-5.55 b-16.88) followed by (L-28.42 a-8.09 b-13.82) aspartame candy. Thus it was concluded that 10% aspartame aonla candy could be considered the best from nutritional, cheapest, and organoleptic point of view. Hence low cost nutritionally balanced low calorie aonla candy for diabetic patient could be developed at house hold or commercial level.
Nutritional composition of fruit of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars grown in Haryana, India
Authors: . Vinita* , Punia Darshan
Published: December 2016

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the nutrient composition of four varieties of date fruit. The results of the study indicated that the variety Shamran had highest protein (2.77%) content and the variety Medjool the lowest (1.88%). Fat and crude fibre contents of date fruit varieties ranged from 0.17 to 0.50% and 1.71 to 2.22%, respectively. The variety Medjool had lowest amount of total soluble sugars (67.49g/100g) and reducing sugar (61.31g/100g). All the varieties of date fruit differed non-significantly among themselves for their non- reducing sugar content. The variety Khadrawi had the highest amount of starch content. Total dietary fiber (11.70g/100g) and soluble dietary fiber (3.34g/100g) were highest in variety Hillawi. All the four varieties of date fruit differed significantly from each other for their total dietary fiber content and soluble dietary fiber content. The varieties Khadrawi (8.46%), Hillawi (8.35%) and Shamran (7.94%) had significantly (p£ 0.05) higher insoluble dietary fiber as compared to variety Medjool (4.25%). The variety Shamran had highest amount of calcium (195.33mg/100g) and zinc (1.81mg/100g). The variety Medjool contained lowest amount of calcium (70.33mg/100g), iron (1.91mg/100g) and potassium (713mg/100g) while the highest amount of phosphorus (52.66mg/100g). A non-significant (p£0.05) difference was observed in magnesium content of all the varieties. Polyphenol content of date fruits from different varieties ranged from 228.79 to 253.21 mg/100g.
Standardization of technology for development of Soft date (Pheonix dactylifera) toffee as a nutritional enrichment of confectionery
Authors: Khapre A. P. , Shah Umar Ali
Published: December 2016

Present research work intended to standardize the recipe for preparation of toffee by incorporating soft date (Pheonix dactylifera) pulp as a nutritional enrichment of sugar and protein and also to incorporate medicinal values of date. Uniformly ripened soft dates were selected and washed with water, blanched in hot water at 80°C. for 1 to 2 min. The seed present in central portion was scooped out. The peripheral pulpy portion free from seeds was cut and pulped in mixer and grinder. The extracted pulp was concentrated to about 1/3rd of its original volume and then sugar, glucose syrup, fat and skim milk powder paste was added. The whole mixture was cooked up to concentration of 80-85° Brix. The standard recipe for toffee obtained as soft date pulp 1 kg, sugar 550 g, liquid glucose 150 g, fat 150 g and skim milk powder 150 g at 86°C cooking temperature. The soft date toffee with good sensory properties was chemically analyzed that contain moisture 7.2 %, ash 2.2 %, crude protein 4.5 %, crude fat 8 %, TSS 86° Brix, pH 5.9 and acidity 0.30%.
Effect of domestic processing on physico chemical andnutritional quality of fenugreek cultivars
Authors: Modgil Rajni , R. Joshi , Tanwar Beenu
Published: December 2016

Two varieties of fenugreek seeds i.e. metha (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) and methi (Trigonella corniculata) were taken for the present study. Effect of domestic processing techniques like roasting and sprouting were seen on the physico chemical and nutritional quality of metha and methi seeds. The physical parameters studied were density, width, length, and weight. Chemically and nutritionally these were analysed for their proximate constituents, starch, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, true protein and non protein nitrogen content. The results revealed that varietal changes were there in the physical characters of the metha and methi seeds. Roasting had adverse effect on the physical characteristics as compared to sprouted counter parts. Roasting resulted in a decrease in proximate constituents alongwith reducing sugars and starch content whereas it increased the total carbohydrate and non reducing sugars. Content of methi and metha seeds. Sprouting of fenugreek seeds resulted in a significant (p£ 0.05) increase in crude protein, true protein, crude fiber, non reducing sugar and total soluble sugars compared to unprocessed seeds but resulted in a decrese in remaining parameters studied.
Preparation of flavored candy from central core of banana pseudostem
Authors: Desai C. S. , Desai C. D. , Desai S. K. , Mistry P. S. , Patel J. M. , Vaidya H. B.
Published: December 2016

In addition to fruit production, huge quantity of biomass is (pseudostem, leaves, suckers etc.) is generated in banana. Developing edible products from banana central core was one of the activities envisaged in the National Agricultural Innovation Project sanctioned in consortium mode with Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari as lead centre. Further, in Gujarat, consumption of central core is not commonly observed. In past few scientists prepared candy from central core and registered patent of it. In order to popularize candy consumption and to gain acceptability among people, it was prepared by using different artificial flavors. Present Experiment was conducted in the year 2010 and banana pseudostem centre core (cv., Grand Naine) was obtained from Soil and Water Management Research Unit Farm, Navsari Agricultural University Navsari. The four flavors as treatments viz; lemon, mango, orange and pineapple were used for flavoring banana central core candy. Flavoring was done during the steeping of banana centre core candy at 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th days. The candy was organoleptically evaluated by 9 point hedonic scale and results show that flavoring of banana pseudostem central core candy could be done successfully with mango, pineapple, orange and lemon flavors. However mango flavor was fount most acceptable with 7th day of flavoring.
Study on L-Dopa content in faba bean flowers
Authors: Kai-Bin1 Zheng , Xiao-Yu2 Xu , Shan-Lian1 Qiu , Ai-Ping2* Li
Published: December 2016

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) flower is rich in L-Dopa used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. In order to utilize L-Dopa from faba bean flower more efficiently, the effects of factors on L-Dopa contents in faba bean flowers determined by HPLC were studied. Results showed that the L-Dopa contents in faba bean flowers differenced in germplasm resources, the highest L-Dopa content in faba bean flowers was 20 times higher than that of the lowest. The average contents of two years ranged from 0.53% to 10.63%, and the average was 4.48%.The darker the flower colors, the lower the L-Dopa contents in faba bean flowers. The L-Dopa contents of faba bean flowers of small seed species were lower than the medium and the large species in faba bean flowers. The L-Dopa contents of the buds were higher than open flowers. As the drying temperature increased, the L-Dopa contents reduced. That dried in 100°C was only 60% of that at 40°C.
Performance of cluster bean cultivars under the application of variousagrochemicals in Sub - Humid area of Rajasthan
Authors: Meena V. K. , Kaushik M. K. , Singh Magan , Kumar Rakesh , Meena Rajesh Kumar , Meena B. L. , Meena B. P. , Ram Hardev , Kumar Uttam , Yadav M. R. , Makarana Govind , Kumar Sourabh , Joshi Deepa
Published: December 2016

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season 2008 and 2009 to find out response of clusterbean to various growth regulators. The experiment was laid out under spit plot design where four varieties (RGC-936, RGC-1002, RGC-1003 AND RGC- 1017 are taken as main plot treatment and seven growth substance (control, seed treatment with thiourea 500 ppm, foliar application of thiourea 500 ppm, seed+foliar application of thiourea 500 ppm, seed treatment with TGA 100ppm, foliar application of TGA 100 ppm and seed+foliar application of TGA 100ppm) as sub plot treatment and with three replications. Application of seed + foliar application with thiourea 500ppm on yield attributes viz., pods plant-1, seeds pod-1 , weight of seeds pod-1, test weight, seed yield plant-1 showed significant increase i.e. 24.88g, 6.97g, 0.187g, 26.82g, 5.04g on pooled basis. The results revealed that the variety RGC-936 gave significantly higher number of pods per plant (24.85.00), seeds per pod (6.67), weight of seed per pod (0.179 g), test weight (26.09 g), and seed yield per plant (4.67 g). Seed+foliar application of thiourea 500ppm recorded significant improvement in yield and yield attributes on the pooled basis. The maximum net returns (Rs.2873/-) and B:C ratio (3.82) were recorded with the variety RGC-936.
The role of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and rock phosphate application on production and nutritional value of centro legumes(Centrosema pubescens)
Authors: Indriani Nyimas Popi , Yuwariah Yuyun , Rochana Ana , Susilawati , Iin , Khairani Lizah
Published: December 2016

The role of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and rock phosphate application on production and nutritional value of centro legumes was studied. The aim of the study was to know the interaction of rock phosphate and VAM and to know the optimum dosage of VAM and rock phosphate on production and nutritional value of centro legumes. The experimental design was randomized block design. The treatments and rock phosphate levels was 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5 with and without VAM. The results revealed that VAM application increase the plant height and dry matter of centro legumes. The optimum dosage of Rock Phosphate was 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5.
Proposition of Thetical and Antithetical Economic Line
Authors: Kinoshita Eizo
Published: December 2016

In this paper, the author proposes a developed version of “Thetical and Antithetical Economics” (12)(14), a theory proposed earlier by himself. In doing so, he first defines the nature of “inflationary gap” and “deflationary gap,” respectively, followed by an in-depth analysis of “Thetical and Antithetical Economic Line,” by examining real-life examples in Japan, the United States and Germany during the first half of the 20th century. In the subsequent discussion of “Thetical and Antithetical Economic Line,” he clarifies how an “antithetical bubble” has been created. In the end, he goes on to give a thorough description of the true identity of “deflationary gap.”
Difficultés De Mise En Œuvre De La Continuité Didactique Mathématique-Mécanique Au Secondaire Collégial, Registre Sémiotique Et Transfert Comme Éléments D’analyse
Authors: Raouf Khadija , Radi Mourad , Belazzaar Imad , Talbi Mohammed , Moussetad Mohamed
Published: December 2016

This article deals with the numerous pedagogical and didactic constraints to the transdisciplinary knowledge transfer between mathematics and physics (mechanics) at the last year of secondary school. By taking into consideration the three entities of the didactic triangle (Content, students and teachers), we analyzed in this exploratory study official pedagogical orientations, curricula and textbooks of mathematics and physics. Then, we administered to a sample of 12 to 15-year-old pupils, mathematical and physical written questionnaires in which they have to use proportionality/linearity concept by considering different register of semiotic representation and the rationality frame of each discipline., the analysis of the results reveal some difficulties that can be explained by a lack of knowledge related to the change of rationality frame and semiotic register rules. In order to understand the origin of these difficulties, we proceeded by analyzing the transdisciplinary practices of mathematics/physics teachers by means of a written semi-open questionnaire whose results highlight interdidactic rupture between mathematics and physics. To remedy that, we propose some strategies and possible lines of actions.
New Findings on Food Security, Climate Change and Income Growth in West African Countries: P-VAR Approach
Authors: Olofin Olabode Philip
Published: December 2016

This paper examines empirically the interaction among per capita income growth, climate change and food security in fifteen West African Countries. We employ Panel VAR (PVAR) techniques on annual secondary data obtained from the World Development Indicator (WDI) between 1990 and 2013. The PVAR approach allows us to address the endogeneity problem by allowing the endogenous interaction among the variables in the system. Our results provide evidence of income growth spurring food security in the short run and reducing it in the long run, while climate change increased food insecurity throughout in West Africa. The study suggests that climate change is a necessary variable that needs to be controlled if food security is a desired goal in West Africa and that more priority should be given to agricultural sector in economic growth. Also, the leaders in West Africa should embrace a judicious and dynamic energy mix that will allow renewable sources to replace fossil fuels.