bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Spatial Transcriptome of Macaque Brain at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Chen Ao , Sun Yidi , Lei Ying , Li Chao , Liao Sha , Liang Zhifeng , Lin Feng , Yuan Nini , Li Mei , Wang Kexin , Yang Meisong , Zhang Shuzhen , Zhuang Zhenkun , Meng Juan , Song Qiong , Zhang Yong , Xu Yuanfang , Cui Luman , Han Lei , Yang Hao , Sun Xing , Fei Tianyi , Chen Bichao , Li Wenjiao , Huangfu Baoqian , Ma Kailong , Li Zhao , Lin Yikun , Liu Zhen , Wang He , Zhong Yanqing , Zhang Huifang , Yu Qian , Wang Yaqian , Zhu Zhiyong , Liu Xing , Peng Jian , Liu Chuanyu , Chen Wei , An Yingjie , Xia Shihui , Lu Yanbing , Wang Mingli , Song Xinxiang , Liu Shuai , Wang Zhifeng , Gong Chun , Huang Xin , Yuan Yue , Zhao Yun , Luo Zhenhui , Tan Xing , Liu Jianfeng , Zheng Mingyuan , Li Shengkang , Huang Yaling , Hong Yan , Huang Zirui , Li Min , Zhang Ruiyi , Jin Mengmeng , Li Yan , Zhang Hui , Sun Suhong , Bai Yinqi , Cheng Mengnan , Hu Guohai , Liu Shiping , Wang Bo , Xiang Bin , Li Shuting , Li Huanhuan , Chen Mengni , Wang Shiwen , Zhang Qi , Liu Weibin , Liu Xin , Zhao Qian , Lisby Michael , Wang Jing , Fang Jiao , Lu Zhiyue , Lin Yun , Xie Qing , He Jie , Xu Huatai , Huang Wei , Wei Wu , Yang Huanming , Sun Yangang , Poo Muming , Wang Jian , Li Yuxiang , Shen Zhiming , Liu Longqi , Liu Zhiyong , Xu Xun , Li Chengyu
Published: March 2022

Global profile of gene expression at single-cell resolution remains to be determined for primates. Using a recently developed technology (“Stereo-seq”), we have obtained a comprehensive single-cell spatial transcriptome map at the whole-brain level for cynomolgus monkeys, with ∼600 genes per cell for 10 μm-thick coronal sections (up to 15 cm2 in size). Large-scale single-nucleus RNA-seq analysis for ∼1 million cells helped to identify cell types corresponding to Stereo-seq gene expression profiles, providing a 3-D cell type atlas of the monkey brain. Quantitative analysis of Stereo-seq data revealed molecular fingerprints that mark distinct neocortical layers and subregions, as well as domains within subcortical structures including hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, cerebellum, hypothalamus and claustrum. Striking whole-brain topography and coordinated patterns were found in the expression of genes encoding receptors and transporters for neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. These results pave the way for cellular and molecular understanding of organizing principles of the primate brain.
From neural border to migratory stage: A comprehensive single cell roadmap of the timing and regulatory logic driving cranial and vagal neural crest emergence
Authors: Kotov Aleksandr , Alkobtawi Mansour , Seal Subham , Kappès Vincent , Ruiz Sofia Medina , Arbès Hugo , Harland Richard , Peshkin Leonid , Monsoro-Burq Anne H.
Published: March 2022

Neural crest cells exemplify cellular diversification from a multipotent progenitor population. However, the full sequence of molecular choices orchestrating the emergence of neural crest heterogeneity from the embryonic ectoderm remains elusive. Gene-regulatory-networks (GRN) govern early development and cell specification towards definitive neural crest. Here, we combine ultra-dense single cell transcriptomes with machine-learning and large-scale experimental validation to provide a comprehensive GRN underlying neural crest fate diversification from induction to early migration stages in the frog Xenopus tropicalis. During gastrulation, a transient neural border zone state precedes the choice between neural crest and placodes which includes multiple and converging gene programs. Transcription factor connectome and bifurcation analyses demonstrate the early emergence of neural crest fates at the neural plate stage, alongside an unbiased multipotent lineage persisting until after epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We decipher the circuits driving cranial and vagal neural crest formation and provide a broadly applicable strategy for investigating SC transcriptomes in vertebrate GRNs in development, evolution, and disease.
Identifying targetable metabolic dependencies across colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Legge Danny N. , Stanko Ewelina , Holt Amy K. , Bull Caroline J. , Collard Tracey J. , Kollareddy Madhu , Bellamy Jake , Groves Sarah , Ma Eric H. , Hazelwood Emma , Qualtrough David , Amulic Borko , Malik Karim , Williams Ann C. , Jones Nicholas , Vincent Emma E.
Published: March 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multi-stage process initiated through the formation of a benign adenoma, progressing to an invasive carcinoma and finally metastatic spread. Tumour cells must adapt their metabolism to support the energetic and biosynthetic demands associated with disease progression. As such, targeting cancer cell metabolism is a promising therapeutic avenue in CRC. However, to identify tractable nodes of metabolic vulnerability specific to CRC stage, we must understand how metabolism changes during CRC development. Here, we use a unique model system – comprising human early adenoma to late adenocarcinoma. We show that adenoma cells transition to elevated glycolysis at the early stages of tumour progression but maintain oxidative metabolism. Progressed adenocarcinoma cells rely more on glutamine-derived carbon to fuel the TCA cycle, whereas glycolysis and TCA cycle activity remain tightly coupled in early adenoma cells. Adenocarcinoma cells are more flexible with respect to fuel source, enabling them to proliferate in nutrient-poor environments. Despite this plasticity, we identify asparagine (ASN) synthesis as a node of metabolic vulnerability in late-stage adenocarcinoma cells. We show that loss of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) blocks their proliferation, whereas early adenoma cells are largely resistant to ASN deprivation. Mechanistically, we show that late-stage adenocarcinoma cells are dependent on ASNS to support mTORC1 signalling and maximal glycolytic and oxidative capacity. Resistance to ASNS loss in early adenoma cells is likely due to a feedback loop, absent in late-stage cells, allowing them to sense and regulate ASN levels and supplement ASN by autophagy. Together, our study defines metabolic changes during CRC development and highlights ASN synthesis as a targetable metabolic vulnerability in later stage disease.
Mobile marketing interface layout attributes that affect user aesthetic preference: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Xiao Liang , Wang Shu
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The rapid growth of m-commerce and mobile marketing has flooded the users with homogeneous contents that raise little user interest making the users' browsing pattern on these contents aimless free browsing. However, the interface that presents the mobile marketing contents triggers much user attention, especially the layout. Without significant usability defects, the layout poses influences on the user's aesthetic experience. Identifying the layout attributes that affect user aesthetic preference is critical to the design of mobile marketing interfaces since they influence users' interaction intention, cognitive process, and decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, 6 layout attributes that quantify the aesthetic design of the interface layout and 3 eye-movement indicators that connect to human aesthetic preference were identified through literature research. An eye-tracking experiment measuring the 3 eye-movement indicators on 6 pairs of interface layout materials corresponding to the 6 layout attributes was conducted. The experiment was designed to mimic the free browsing context in mobile marketing. The materials were divided into Liked/Disliked preference groups according to the response of the subjects. Analysis of indicators on materials between the L/D groups shows that the attributes of balance, centricity, density, simplicity, and symmetry affect user aesthetic preferences.

Findings

Analysis of the attribute value levels shows that balance, centricity, and density are responsible for addressing users' aesthetic preferences for a disliked interface layout. The study suggests an attribute set for quantitatively optimizing the aesthetic design of mobile marketing system interfaces and provides evidence for the visual attention and cognitive process under the free browsing context.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the field both theoretically and practically: (1) it provides support for optimizing the interface layout of mobile marketing systems quantitatively from the aesthetic perspective. (2) It promotes the cognitive attention theory by providing evidence for the cognitive process of interacting with mobile marketing interfaces from the perspective of visual attention and cognitive fluency. (3) It expands the objects of visual perception from traditional or symbolic artworks (such as logos) to the abstract visual stimuli of interface layout. (4) It suggests an optimization tool of five quantification layout attributes for mobile marketing businesses and platforms to aesthetically improve their marketing interfaces to improve user experiences.
Interplay between servitization and platforms: a longitudinal case study
Authors: Fu Wenhui , Zhang Min , Zhao Xiande , Jia Fu
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to empirically explore the evolution of servitization and how platforms affect the transition between the stages of servitization.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted an in-depth case study of a Chinese manufacturer (i.e. Haier) using a longitudinal design. Three rounds of data collection were conducted between 2014 and 2020. The authors carried out 50 semi-structured interviews and 11 workshops to collect data from senior and middle managers of Haier and its business partners.

Findings

The authors found that Haier’s servitization journey includes three stages (i.e. product-oriented solution, integrated solution and smart connected solutions) that evolve in the target of the services and the digital components of the solutions. Haier has also developed three types of platforms (i.e. service platform, supply chain platform and platform ecosystem) to support the implementation of servitization. The empirical evidence reveals that platforms can address the complexities that emerged when Haier implements the different stages of servitization as well as enable Haier to transition from one stage of servitization to the next.

Originality/value

This study enhances the current understanding of the evolution of servitization and the roles of digital technologies in the transition between the stages of servitization. It also provides empirical evidence regarding how the platform approach enables the development of servitization. By clarifying the interplay between servitization and platforms, this study provides guidelines for managers on how to develop platforms to both advance and benefit from servitization.
On solving multi-objective fully quadratic fractional optimisation model with interactive FGP approach
Authors: Rani Namrata , Goyal Vandana , Gupta Deepak
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The main motive behind framing this paper is to provide a compromised solution for trapezoidal fuzzy number–multi-objective fully quadratic fractional optimisation model (TrFN-MOFQFOM) by avoiding ambiguities and confusion of decision-makers (DMs). Many researchers have used Taylor's series and parametric approach to transform fractional objective function into non-fractional ones, but Taylor's series expansion is valid only up to a neighbourhood. To avoid these extra efforts, this article suggests a methodology in which numerator of objective function is optimised under the condition of optimising denominator.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper suggests an efficient procedure to search for compromised solution of MOFQFOM with fuzzy coefficients using α-level set and FGP approach. Incomplete data in model is dealt with α-level set. Then after defuzzification, non-fractional models are built from fractional model to get optimal solution of every objective. Finally, the linear weighted sum of negative deviational variables is minimised to satisfy all objective functions up to maximum possible extent.

Findings

On applying suggested approach to the example given in end, the authors arrived at compromised solution having μO1(O1(x))=1 and μO2(O2(x))=0.71. The applied procedure requires less computational efforts and provides the preferred compromised solution.

Originality/value

This work has not been done previously by anyone. The idea being developed here of constructing non-fractional model by dealing numerators and denominators separately is completely new. 10; In the end, an algorithm, flowchart and numerical are also given to clarify the applicability of the suggested approach.
Social responsibility in the context of inclusive higher education development – experiences and insights from the perspective of participatory teaching
Authors: Goldbach Anne , Hauser Mandy , Schuppener Saskia , Leonhardt Nico , van Ledden Hannah , Bergelt Daniel
Published: March 2022

Purpose

With reference to selected principles and considerations from the university social responsibility concept, this study aims to discuss aspects of social responsibility from the perspectives of participatory teaching. This study describes the effects that a participatory teaching practice has on the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge and how universities can exercise their social responsibility and influence in this context.

Design/methodology/approach

For this study’s argumentation, this study refers to the experiences and findings from a participatory teaching and transfer project (QuaBIS) and a participatory research project ParLink. In QuaBIS, the authors evaluated and descriptively analyzed courses taught by subject matter experts on inclusion and education , then led and evaluated topic-centered interviews, social responsibility, power relations, diversity sensitivity, inclusive university, participatory teaching in ParLink, the authors conducted three focus group discussions that included lecturers with and without attributed learning difficulties, students and other professionals working in the field of education. The group discussions were fully transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis in collaboration with a participatory research group.

Findings

The results are classified into micro, meso and macro levels of inclusion-sensitive higher education development. While the micro level focuses on changing practices in the area of university teaching, the meso level highlights structural and cultural changes in inclusive universities. At the macro level, the role of universities in the process of social opening and inclusion is studied.

Originality/value

Participatory teaching projects are only gradually becoming established in the discourse on inclusion-sensitive higher education. This study focuses on participatory teaching as an important contribution to social responsibility by universities and dedicate itself to the mutual transfer process between university and society.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on manufacturing operations and supply chain resilience: effects and response strategies
Authors: Bastas Ali , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Manufacturing organisations are striving towards adapting and responding to the unprecedented challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, along with the operations research streams endeavouring to support their recovery. With a view to bridging our knowledge gap on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the manufacturing operations, this paper investigates the key challenges and strategies formulated by manufacturing organisations operating in the Northern region of Cyprus.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted through 10 in-depth interviews that analyzed the effects of the pandemic, the associated causes and the response strategies implemented.

Findings

The effects of the pandemic on the manufacturing organisations investigated are identified, along with the associated causes, and the response strategies deployed. Learnings and countermeasures implemented to date are established in light of the insights captured from the practitioners.

Originality/value

Contributions are made to the body of knowledge on manufacturing management and manufacturing supply chain resilience through fostering our understanding of the impacts that the pandemic had on manufacturing organisations, and practical contributions are presented through evidencing and transferring of the operations management knowledge and solutions devised in various sectors to date.
Preventive maintenance and silica exposure limits integrated in the production planning of a granite processing unit
Authors: Dongmo Tambah Kevin Gildas , Kenné Jean-Pierre , Songmene Victor
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper studies the integration of production and maintenance planning for an unreliable production system subject to gradual deterioration. The goal of this planning is to optimize production and maintenance while reducing workers' exposure to silica dust. The objective will therefore be to offer manufacturers a production strategy that minimizes the total cost of production while considering the health of employees.

Design/methodology/approach

Adequate prevention methods are determined and integrated into the granite transformation production system, which evolves in a stochastic environment. With the failure rate of the dust reduction unit being a function of its degradation state, the authors solve the optimization problem using stochastic dynamic programming in the context of nonhomogeneous Markov chain.

Findings

The resulting planning strategy shows that one can manage stock optimally while ensuring a healthy environment for workers. It ensures that crystalline silica prevention equipment is available and effective and defines the production rate according to a critical threshold, which is a function of the age of the dust reduction unit.

Research limitations/implications

This article illustrates that it is possible to integrate silica dust reduction measures into production planning while remaining optimal and ensuring the health of operators. In the present study, the machined granite was assumed to be a natural granite, and production takes place in a closed environment.

Originality/value

The originality of this work lies in its development of an optimal joint production and maintenance strategy, which considers limits of exposure to crystalline silica. An optimal production and maintenance control policy considering employees' health is therefore proposed.
Visual citation navigation of open education resources using Litmaps
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Gulati Sarita , Sharma Ritu , Sinhababu Atasi , Chakravarty Rupak
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to visualize the key literature on the topic “Open Educational Resources” using the research discovery tool “Litmaps”.

Design/methodology/approach

Litmaps visual citation navigation, the ultimate science discovery platform, is used for the present study. It provides an interface for discovering scientific literature, explores the research landscape and discovers articles that are highly connected to maps. Litmaps provides quick-start options to import articles from reference manager, keyword search, ORCID ID, DOI or using a seed article. In this paper, “keyword search” and research strategy “Open Educational Resources” or “OER” are put to use.

Findings

The findings of the study revealed that Litmaps gives citations between articles over time visually. The map generated is dynamic as it is adjustable for making the map according to the researcher’s needs.

Research limitations/implications

Litmaps helps researchers in doing the literature review in a very brief and systematic way. It is helpful in finding the related or relevant studies through the seed paper/keyword search.

Originality/value

The study makes a useful contribution to the literature on this topic as one can independently find research topics and also compare topic overlapping. The study provides insights that help researchers in building citation maps and see connections between articles over time. The originality of the present paper lies in highlighting the importance of the research discovery tool Litmaps for the researchers as so far, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no research has been taken place on using it.
An innovative reinforcement method: the combination of CFRP bars and UHPC layer is applied to the flexural reinforcement of RC beams
Authors: Liu Long , Ma Xingpeng , Yan Li , Wang Yongmei
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Embedding carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) bars in the tension zone of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is a widely used reinforcement method, which has the advantages of strong anti-peel ability and high utilization of tensile materials. To further improve the flexural bearing capacity of RC beams, a new composite reinforcement method using the UHPC layer in the compressive zone of RC beams is proposed based on embedding CFRP bars in the tension zone of RC beams.

Design/methodology/approach

The finite element model of an RC experimental beam with CFRP bars embedded in the tension zone was carried out by ABAQUS. Besides, the reliability of the finite element model results was verified by comparing with the experimental results. On this basis, the flexural reinforcement effect of CFRP bars and UHPC layers on RC beams was analyzed.

Findings

Calculation results show the flexural bearing capacity of the beam strengthened by the new method is 15.9%, which is higher than that of the unreinforced beam, and 10.4% higher than that of the beam strengthened only with CFRP bars. The beam ductility ratio of the new method is 8.25%, which is slightly higher than that of the unreinforced beam and equal to that of the beam reinforced only with CFRP bars embedded in the tension zone. The effectiveness of the new method is further verified by using the analytical calculation method.

Originality/value

A new flexural reinforcement method for reinforced concrete beams is proposed, and the effectiveness of the method was verified by experiments and finite element model. The flexural bearing capacity and ductility of the new method were analyzed based on the load-deflection curve. Finally, the possibility of the new method was verified by analytical analysis.
Specific energy absorption during compression testing of ABS and FPU parts fabricated using LCD-SLA based 3D printer
Authors: Dave Harshit K. , Karumuri Ravi Teja , Prajapati Ashish R. , Rajpurohit Shilpesh R.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Liquid crystal display (LCD)-based stereolithography (SLA) technique has been used in drug delivery and fabrication of microfluidic devices and piezoelectric materials. It is an additive manufacturing technique where an LCD source has been used as a mask to project the image onto the tank filled with photo curable resin. This resin, when interacted with light, becomes solid. However, critical information regarding the energy absorption during the compression analysis of different components three-dimensional (3D) printed by SLA process is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of different process parameters on the compressive properties.

Design/methodology/approach

In the present study, the influence of layer thickness, infill density and build orientation on the compression properties is investigated. Four infill densities, that is, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%; five-layer thicknesses, that is, 50 µm, 75 µm, 100 µm, 150 µm and 200 µm; and two different orientations, that is, YXZ and ZXY, have been selected for this study.

Findings

It is observed that the samples printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) absorbed higher energy than the flexible polyurethane (FPU). Higher infill density and sample oriented on ZXY absorbed higher energy than sample printed on YXZ orientation, in both the ABS and FPU materials. Parts printed with 80% infill density and 200 µm layer thickness resulted into maximum energy for both the materials.

Originality/value

In this study, two different types of materials are used for the compression analysis using LCD-SLA-based 3D printer. Specific energy absorbed by the samples during compression testing is measured to compare the influence of parameters. The investigation of infill parameters particularly the infill density is very limited for the SLA-based 3D printing process. Also, the results of this study provide a database to select the print parameters to obtain the required properties. The results also compare the specific energy for hard and flexible material for the same combination of the process parameters.
Pregnancy in women with liver cirrhosis is associated with increased risk for complications: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: van der Slink Laurine L. , Scholten Irma , van Etten‐Jamaludin Faridi S. , Takkenberg Robert B. , Painter Rebecca C.
Published: March 2022

Background

Pregnancy and liver cirrhosis is a rare but increasing combination. Liver cirrhosis can raise the chance of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity, although the exact risks remain unclear.

Objective

To provide a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis on maternal, fetal and obstetric complications among pregnant women with liver cirrhosis.

Search strategy

We performed a systematic literature search in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE (Ovid) from inception through 25 January 2021.

Selection criteria

Studies including pregnancies with liver cirrhosis and controls were eligible.

Data collection and analysis

Two reviewers independently evaluated study eligibility. We used the random effects model for meta‐analysis.

Main results

Our search yielded 3118 unique papers. We included 11 studies, including 2912 pregnancies in women with cirrhosis from 1982–2020. Seven studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. The overall maternal mortality rate was 0.89%. Maternal mortality and variceal haemorrhage were lower in recent than in older studies. Most cases of maternal mortality due to variceal haemorrhage (70%) occurred during vaginal delivery. Pregnant women with liver cirrhosis had a higher chance of preterm delivery (OR 6.7, 95% CI 5.1–9.1), caesarean section (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7–3.9), pre‐eclampsia (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.2–6.5) and small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6–4.2) compared with the general obstetric population. Subgroup analyses could not be conducted.

Conclusions

Liver cirrhosis in pregnant women is associated with increases in maternal mortality and obstetric and fetal complications. Large international prospective studies are needed to identify risk factors for unfavourable outcome.

Tweetable abstract

Systematic review and meta‐analysis: higher risks that pregnant women with liver cirrhosis face are quantified.
Coins for Bombs: The Predictive Ability of On‐Chain Transfers for Terrorist Attacks
Authors: AMIRAM DAN , JØRGENSEN BJØRN N. , RABETTI DANIEL
Published: March 2022

This study examines whether we can learn from the behavior of blockchain‐based transfers to predict the financing of terrorist attacks. We exploit blockchain transaction transparency to map millions of transfers for hundreds of large on‐chain service providers. The mapped data set permits us to empirically conduct several analyses. First, we analyze abnormal transfer volume in the vicinity of large‐scale highly visible terrorist attacks. We document evidence consistent with heightened activity in coin wallets belonging to unregulated exchanges and mixer services—central to laundering funds between terrorist groups and operatives on the ground. Next, we use forensic accounting techniques to follow the trails of funds associated with the Sri Lanka Easter bombing. Insights from this event corroborate our findings and aid in our construction of a blockchain‐based predictive model. Finally, using machine‐learning algorithms, we demonstrate that fund trails have predictive power in out‐of‐sample analysis. Our study is informative to researchers, regulators, and market players in providing methods for detecting the flow of terrorist funds on blockchain‐based systems using accounting knowledge and techniques.
Mirtazapine exposure in pregnancy and fetal safety: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ostenfeld Anne , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard , Pedersen Lars Henning , Westergaard Hanne Brix , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth , Andersen Jon Trærup
Published: March 2022

Objective

To investigate the association between mirtazapine exposure in pregnancy and risk of specific adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

A register‐based nationwide cohort study was conducted including all registered pregnancies in Denmark from 1997 to 2016. Mirtazapine‐exposed pregnancies were compared with mirtazapine unexposed pregnancies in a 1:4 ratio matched according to propensity scores. Outcomes were major congenital malformations analyzed using log binomial models, and spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results

From a source population of 1,650,649 pregnancies, the propensity score‐matched cohort included 4475 pregnancies (895 mirtazapine exposed) in the analysis of major congenital malformations. The analyses of spontaneous abortion included 9 500 pregnancies (1900 mirtazapine exposed), and for the analyses of stillbirths and neonatal deaths 9725 (1 945 mirtazapine‐exposed) and 4485 pregnancies (897 mirtazapine‐exposed) were included, respectively. Thirty‐one (3.5%) children were diagnosed with major congenital malformation among the mirtazapine exposed compared with 152 (4.3%) among the unexposed pregnancies (OR=0.81, 95% CI 0.55–1.20). Spontaneous abortion occurred in 237 (12.5%) of the mirtazapine exposed compared with 931 (12.3%) of the unexposed pregnancies (HR = 1.04%, 95% CI 0.91–1.20). The analyses revealed no increased risk of stillbirth (HR = 0.88%, 95% CI 0.34–2.29) or neonatal death (HR = 0.60%, 95% CI 0.18–2.02).

Conclusions

In this nationwide Danish register study, mirtazapine exposure in pregnancy was not associated with major congenital malformations, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or neonatal death. Clinicians and patients can be reassured that mirtazapine is safe in pregnancy.
Education matters: longitudinal pathways to mid‐life heavy drinking in a national cohort of black Americans
Authors: Mulia Nina , Witbrodt Jane , Karriker‐Jaffe Katherine J. , Li Libo , Lui Camillia K. , Zapolski Tamika
Published: March 2022

Aims

To estimate longitudinal pathways from childhood socio‐economic position (SEP) to educational attainment and mid‐life heavy drinking in black Americans in order to identify potential points of early intervention to reduce risk for alcohol‐related problems in adulthood.

Design, Setting and Participants

Data are from 1299 black Americans in the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, followed from 1979 (aged 15–19 years) to 2012. Given gender differences in factors related to education and alcohol outcomes, gender‐stratified path models were analyzed.

Measurements

Youth socio‐economic indicators included parental education (approximating childhood SEP) and adolescent poverty duration. Education‐related measures included high‐poverty school, perceived school safety, academic problems, suspension from school, educational expectations and educational attainment. Adulthood measures included repeated unemployment, poverty duration and mean frequency of heavy drinking (six or more drinks/day) in young adulthood and mid‐life. Covariates included age, dual‐parent household, marital status, early drinking onset and family history of alcohol problems.

Findings

For both genders, two main pathways originating from low childhood SEP flowed to educational attainment through (1) educational expectations and (2) suspension and from educational attainment to mid‐life heavy drinking [total indirect effect = 0.131, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.072–0.197 for women and 0.080, 95% CI = 0.035–0.139 for men]. For both genders, adolescent poverty (standardized βs ≥ 0.139), academic problems (βs ≥ 0.221) and school suspension (βs ≥ 0.166) were significantly (Ps < 0.05) related to lower educational expectations. In adulthood, educational attainment was indirectly protective against mid‐life heavy drinking through its significant effects (Ps < 0.05) on young adult heavy drinking for both genders (βs ≤ −0.204) and economic hardships for women (βs ≤ −0.372).

Conclusions

Low childhood socio‐economic position among black Americans appears to be associated with subsequent, adverse socio‐economic and school experiences that lead to lower educational attainment and, ultimately, greater heavy drinking at mid‐life. Interventions that mitigate these earlier, adverse experiences might have indirect effects on mid‐life heavy drinking.
Disrupting Gentrification: From Barricades and Housing Occupations to an Insurgent Urban Subaltern History in a Southern City
Authors: Arcilla Chester Antonino
Published: March 2022

Housing struggles are key to disrupting gentrification capital flows and dispossessions. Based on life histories, key informant interviews, and six years of engaged ethnography with slum activists in the Philippine capital, this paper explicates political geographies of insurgent housing practices, including community barricades and housing occupations, and marks a history of militant subaltern struggles for the right to the city. I contend that these highly‐organised insurgent practices disrupt real estate capital pathways and nurture political subjectification where emancipatory spaces and socialities of care can be founded. Moreover, I intervene in the lack of attendance to the co‐constitution of barricades and occupations to less visible forms of insurgent housing practices. As these are emplaced to other subaltern times and spaces, political knowledges and subjectivities developed against forced evictions and demolitions enhance anti‐gentrification struggles. In tracing this militant urban history, I mark the incremental advance of subaltern housing struggles in a Southern economy highly reliant on real estate capital investments.
Neurodevelopmental disorders and somatic diagnoses in a national cohort of children born before 24 weeks of gestation
Authors: Morsing Eva , Lundgren Pia , Hård Anna‐Lena , Rakow Alexander , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Jacobson Lena , Johnson Mats , Nilsson Staffan , Smith Lois E.H. , Sävman Karin , Hellström Ann
Published: March 2022

Aim

This study investigated childhood diagnoses in children born extremely preterm before 24 weeks of gestation.

Methods

Diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders and selected somatic diagnoses were retrospectively retrieved from national Swedish registries for children born before 24 weeks from 2007 to 2018. Their individual medical files were also examined.

Results

We studied 383 children born at a median of 23.3 (range 21.9–23.9) weeks, with a median birthweight of 565 (range 340–874) grams. Three‐quarters (75%) had neurodevelopmental disorders, including speech disorders (52%), intellectual disabilities (40%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (30%), autism spectrum disorders (24%), visual impairment (22%), cerebral palsy (17%), epilepsy (10%) and hearing impairment (5%). More boys than girls born at 23 weeks had intellectual disabilities (45% vs. 27%, p < 0.01) and visual impairment (25% vs. 14%, p < 0.01). Just over half of the cohort (55%) received habilitation care. The majority (88%) had somatic diagnoses, including asthma (63%) and failure to thrive/short stature (39%).

Conclusion

Most children born before 24 weeks had neurodevelopmental disorders and/or additional somatic diagnoses in childhood and were referred to habilitation services. Clinicians should be aware of the multiple health and developmental problems affecting these children. Resources are needed to identify their long‐term support needs at an early stage.
A General Framework of Nonparametric Feature Selection in High-Dimensional Data
Authors: Yu Hang , Wang Yuanjia , Zeng Donglin
Published: March 2022

Nonparametric feature selection for high-dimensional data is an important and challenging problem in the fields of statistics and machine learning. Most of the existing methods for feature selection focus on parametric or additive models which may suffer from model misspecification. In this paper, we propose a new framework to perform nonparametric feature selection for both regression and classification problems. Under this framework, we learn prediction functions through empirical risk minimization over a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The space is generated by a novel tensor product kernel, which depends on a set of parameters that determines the importance of the features. Computationally, we minimize the empirical risk with a penalty to estimate the prediction and kernel parameters simultaneously. The solution can be obtained by iteratively solving convex optimization problems. We study the theoretical property of the kernel feature space and prove the oracle selection property and Fisher consistency of our proposed method. Finally, we demonstrate the superior performance of our approach compared to existing methods via extensive simulation studies and applications to two real studies.
Plan pursuit in the context of daily fruit and vegetable consumption: The importance of cue detection and the execution of the planned behaviour for overall behaviour change
Authors: Domke Antonia , Keller Jan , Knoll Nina , Sniehotta Falko F. , Heuse Silke , Wiedemann Amelie U.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

In action planning interventions, individuals specify and link cues with behavioural responses to implement behaviour change. To date, not much is known about how and how much the detection of the planned cue (entering and identifying the planned situation) and the execution of the planned behaviour (behavioural response exactly as planned) contribute to overall behavioural changes (changes in target behaviour) achieved by individuals. Using data from an intervention on daily fruit and vegetable (FV) action planning, this study aimed to test whether individuals’ cue detection and execution of the planned behaviour are positively related to overall FV intake.

Design

Secondary data analyses examined diary data of the intervention condition of a randomized controlled trial. Ninety participants (80% female, aged 19–63 years) formed one FV plan and completed a 13‐days post‐intervention self‐report diary assessing daily FV consumption and situational characteristics of each consumed FV serving. Based on these self‐reports and participants’ FV plan, day‐to‐day cue detection and the execution of the planned behaviour were coded.

Methods

With two‐level models, cue detection and the execution of the planned behaviour were examined as between‐ and within‐person predictors of daily FV intake.

Results

Higher between‐person execution of the planned behaviour (+1.68 daily servings), higher‐than‐usual within‐person cue detection (+0.46 daily servings), and higher‐than‐usual within‐person execution of the planned behaviour (+0.29 daily servings) were associated with more overall FV intake.

Conclusions

Detecting planned cues (within‐person) and executing the planned behaviour (between‐ and within‐person) are important for overall FV intake.
Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects against ulcerative colitis via suppressing TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Feng Zhibing , Zhou Ping , Wu Xiao , Zhang Junbiao , Zhang Min
Published: March 2022

Hydroxysafflower yellow A (HSYA) protects against acute kidney injury through TLR4/NF‐κB pathway. However, the effect and potential mechanism of HSYA in ulcerative colitis (UC) have been rarely reported, which is thus investigated in this research. An in vivo UC model was established by oral administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in Sprague–Dawley rats. After HSYA treatment, the daily body weight and colon length of rats were measured. Then rat colon tissues, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were examined by histopathological examination (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. The activated TLR4/NF‐κB pathway was detected by Western blot. RAW 264.7 cell viability was detected by MTT assay after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, and ELISA and Western blot were performed again to investigate the effects of HSYA on LPS‐treated cells. DSS administration increased body weight and colon length of rats and induced colon tissue injury. DSS or LPS treatment up‐regulated the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 and activated TLR4/NF‐κB pathway of colon tissues and cells, respectively. HSYA partially reversed the above effect of DSS and LPS treatment, and the effects of the drug were improved with the dosage. Taken together, HSYA alleviates UC by suppressing TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway, which may provide a new insight for the treatment of UC.
Preschool children’s use of meta‐talk to make rational collaborative decisions
Authors: Hartwell Kirstie , Brandt Silke , Boundy Laura , Barton Grace , Köymen Bahar
Published: March 2022

In collaborative decision‐making, partners compare reasons behind conflicting proposals through meta‐talk. We investigated UK‐based preschoolers’ (mixed socioeconomic status) use of meta‐talk (Data collection: 2018–2020). In Study 1, 5‐ and 7‐year‐old peer dyads (N = 128, 61 girls) heard conflicting claims about an animal from two informants. One prefaced her claim with “I know”; the other with “I think”. Dyads identified the more reliable informant through meta‐talk (“She said she knows”). In Study 2, 3‐ and 5‐year‐olds (N = 64, 34 girls) searched for a toy with an adult partner making incorrect proposals. Children refuted this through reporting what they had witnessed (It cannot be there because “I saw it move”, “she moved it”). In preschool period, children start using meta‐talk to make rational collaborative decisions.
How to manage weight loss in women with obesity and PCOS seeking fertility?
Authors: Hazlehurst Jonathan M. , Singh Pushpa , Bhogal Gurkiran , Broughton Sophie , Tahrani Abd A.
Published: March 2022

Obesity exacerbates the phenotype of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) including infertility as well as reducing the efficacy and access to fertility treatments. Weight management is, therefore, a key component of treatment for women with PCOS and coexistent obesity. Many women with PCOS describe significant difficulty losing weight and treatment options are limited. The first‐line treatment is lifestyle interventions though the weight loss and any impact on fertility are limited. No one dietary strategy can be preferentially recommended based on current evidence. While very low energy diets can result in significant weight loss the evidence for impact on fertility is limited. Pharmacotherapy, including a range of treatments can result in marked weight loss and there is some evidence of improved rates of conception including spontaneous and in response to assisted reproduction treatment. As with pharmacotherapy, data regarding bariatric surgery is largely from nonrandomized studies and though the significant weight loss is anticipated to improve fertility the available data prevents firm conclusions. Clinicians and patients must consider the magnitude of weight loss to be targeted as well as the anticipated fertility treatment required and the timeline of treatment when deciding upon the personalized weight loss strategy. Clinicians and patients should be confident in targeting the most appropriate treatment early in the patient's management to avoid unnecessary delays.
Update on the clinical management of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Pieterman Carolina R. C. , Valk Gerlof D.
Published: March 2022

This review provides an overview of novel insights in the clinical management of patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1, focusing on the last decade since the last update of the MEN1 guidelines. With regard to Diagnosis: Mutation‐negative patients with 2/3 main manifestations have a different clinical course compared to mutation‐positive patients. As for primary hyperparathyroidism: subtotal parathyroidectomy is the initial procedure of choice. Current debate centres around the timing of initial parathyroidectomy as well as the controversial topic of unilateral clearance in young patients. For duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), the main challenge is accurate and individualized risk stratification to enable personalized surveillance and treatment. Thymus NETs remain one of the most aggressive MEN1‐related tumours. Lung NETs are more frequent than previously thought, generally indolent, but rare aggressive cases do occur. Pituitary adenomas are most often prolactinomas and nonfunctioning microadenomas with an excellent prognosis and good response to therapy. Breast cancer is recognized as part of the MEN1 syndrome in women and periodical screening is advised. Clinically relevant manifestations are already seen at the paediatric age and initiating screening in the second decade is advisable. MEN1 has a significant impact on quality of life and US data show a significant financial burden. In conclusion, patient outcomes have improved, but much is still to be achieved. For care tailored to the needs of the individual patient and improving outcomes on an individual basis, studies are now needed to define predictors of tumour behaviour and effects of more individualized interventions.
Subject factors influencing blood flow restriction in the arm at low cuff pressures
Authors: Meek Anthony W. , Heavrin Adam M. , Mikesky Alan E. , Segal Neil A. , Riley Zachary A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Limb circumference predicts the pressure needed for complete occlusion. However, that relationship is inconsistent at moderate pressures typical of effective blood flow restriction (BFR) training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of subject factors on BFR at low restriction pressures in the arm.

Methods

Fifty subjects had arm anthropometrics assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), sum of skinfold thickness (sumSKF) and Gulick tape (Gulick tape circumference [Gulick Circ.]) at cuff level. Blood flow (BF) was measured with ultrasound at baseline and five restrictive pressures (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mmHg). Relationships between subject characteristics and BFR were assessed using Pearson's correlations and hierarchical regression.

Results

BF decreased (p < 0.05) at each incremental pressure. Regression models including percent muscle composition (%Muscle), pQCT circumference and systolic blood pressure (SBP), were significant at all five pressures (R2 = 0.18–0.49). %Muscle explained the most variance at each pressure. Regression models including sumSKF, Gulick Circ. and SBP, were significant at 30–60 mmHg (R2 = 0.28–0.49). SumSKF explained the most variance at each pressure.

Conclusions

At low pressures (20–60 mmHg), there is considerable variability in the magnitude of BFR across individuals. Arm composition factors (muscle and fat) explained the greatest variance at each cuff pressure and may be the most important consideration when using BFR protocols.