bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visions of Europe: European Integration as Redemption from the Past and as a Monetary Transaction
Authors: JAMES HAROLD
Published: May 2017

Visions of Europe belong to a particular time. They carry with them the hallmark, the dominant patterns of thought, of their birth. But there also exist substantial continuities between three of these crucial moments: 1848, 1945 and 1989. At these times the process of building nation states also reached a peculiar moment of crisis – or a turning point. The idea of Europe, reformulated at these times of political collapse, existential angst and an explosion of the imagination, stands in an intricate relationship – Hegelians might like to call it a dialectic – with the conception of national cultures and national politics.
Alternative Music Geographies: A Commentary
Authors: SIEGFRIED DETLEF
Published: May 2017

Spaces have always had a central role in the formation and impact of youth cultures, beginning with the near spaces of everyday life – school, workplace, village, neighbourhood – where peers come together and cobble together their own styles out of the traditions of their elders and media information about the new. National space was an important element as well, as a container for traditions, but also as a communication space for negotiating the boundaries of the new. Finally, in the years after 1945, global space has gained enormous importance with national debates affected by events and trends from other world regions. That they did not displace national specificities, but that these rather perhaps came forward even more prominently than before, is particularly clear in those youth cultures in which transnational influences have been connected with national cultural preferences and formed into unique mixtures. In Germany there is also the fact that the country was divided, so that the already battered construct of a single national culture was dismantled even further while its heterogeneous components stood out, just like the disparate notions of an appropriate economic and political order. In this respect a focus on youth cultures in divided Germany after 1945 reveals unusually diverse manifestations of broader debates concerning the legitimacy of new styles among youth.
Development and Validation of the Negative Attitudes towards CBT Scale
Authors: Parker Zachary J. , Waller Glenn
Published: May 2017

Background:Clinicians commonly fail to use cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) adequately, but the reasons for such omissions are not well understood.Aims:The objective of this study was to create and validate a measure to assess clinicians’ attitudes towards CBT – the Negative Attitudes towards CBT Scale (NACS).Method:The participants were 204 clinicians from various mental healthcare fields. Each completed the NACS, measures of anxiety and self-esteem, and a measure of therapists’ use of CBT and non-CBT techniques and their confidence in using those techniques. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure of the NACS, and scale internal consistency was tested.Results:A single, 16-item scale emerged from the factor analysis of the NACS, and that scale had good internal consistency. Clinicians’ negative attitudes and their anxiety had different patterns of association with the use of CBT and other therapeutic techniques.Conclusions:The findings suggest that clinicians’ attitudes and emotions each need to be considered when understanding why many clinicians fail to deliver the optimum version of evidence-based CBT. They also suggest that training effective CBT clinicians might depend on understanding and targeting such internal states.
The Power Developed by Birds
Authors: Penaud A.
Published: May 2017

In 1866 Mr. Wenham pointed out that birds whilst in rapid flight encountered at each instant a fresh undisturbed body of air, and dispensed less power in full flight than in hovering. M. de Lauvire showed also, about the same time, the advantage of the oblique action of surfaces upon the air, in taking for basis the experiments of Thibault.

I have been able to establish the very simple law of the resistance to flat surfaces moving at very oblique angles in a fluid, and I developed their result in 1872.

By introducing in my calculations the results of several observations that I have made upon the different species of birds, I determined very nearly the work dispensed by them in full flight, this work was equivalent according to the species and the size of wings, to the elevation of the weight of the animal from 20in. to 5ft. per second, and generally superior to 40in. for the large species.
Second Paper on the Flight of Birds
Authors: Sutton Henry
Published: May 2017

“The principle by which birds overcome the action of gravity is commonly assumed by investigators to be the superiority of the resistance of the down stroke of the wingto that of the up. They assume that birds fly by thedifference of the resistances.

“I have already shown in a former Paper how flighttakes place by the proper resolution of the two resistances. I will now demonstrate the utter absurdity of the difference of resistance theories.

“We will observe the action of a bird just on the point of leaving the ground—and in the study of flight, this, with the period of a lighting, is the most important for observation, as it is during these two periods that the bird exercises most the principles by which it overcomes gravity.
Flight of Certain Sea-Birds
Authors: T. K. W.
Published: May 2017

“The article on this subject by E. A. Proctor in the English Mechanic, p. 347, opens up a question in which I have long felt deep interest, and, as I live by the seaside, I have spent many hours in watching the wonderful power of flight with which sea-gulls are provided. The moat remarkable exemplification of this power is the apparent ease with which a bird will remain perfectly steady in the air in the teeth of a gale. Some birds, such as kestrels and humming birds, are enabled to retain a constant position in the air by short and rapid strokes of the wings, but, in the case of a sea-gull remaining steady against a strong wind, no motion of the wing is apparent. I have often with a telescope watched sea-gulls under these circumstances at a distance of 40 or 50 yards, but I have never been able to detect the slightest movement of the nature of a flap given by the wings, which remain quite rigid.
Einführung des Belastungsthermometers auf einer onkologischen Station
Authors: Götz Anna , Kröner Anja , Staudacher Diana , Spirig Rebecca
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Onkologische Patient(inn)en erleben im Zusammenhang mit ihrer Diagnose und Behandlung physische, psychische, soziale oder spirituelle Belastungen. 20 bis 40 % zeigen eine stark erhöhte Belastung und benötigen Unterstützung. Deshalb führten wir das Belastungsthermometer (BT) als Screening-Instrument auf einer onkologischen Abteilung ein und evaluierten es. Methode: Für das Praxisentwicklungsprojekt wählten wir einen partizipativen Aktionsforschungsansatz („Look“-„Think“-„Act“-Zyklus). Zunächst überprüften wir die bisherige Erfassung und Beurteilung psychosozialer Belastung. Ergänzend führten wir eine Literaturrecherche durch („Look“). Auf dieser Grundlage erarbeiteten wir eine Benutzungsanweisung für das BT („Think“) und implementierten das Instrument („Act“). Wir evaluierten das Projekt, indem wir die ausgefüllten BT-Formulare analysierten und Patient(inn)en sowie Mitarbeitende befragten („Look“). Ergebnisse: Durch das BT-Screening steigerte sich die Häufigkeit des Vermerks psychosozialer Belastungen in der Pflegedokumentation um 40 %. Vor Einführung des BT waren psychosoziale Belastungen lediglich in 39,5 % der Pflegedokumentationen erwähnt und 4,5 % aller Patient(inn)en suchten den psychoonkologischen Dienst auf. Nach der BT-Einführung fand sich in 86 % der Pflegedokumentationen ein Vermerk zu psychosozialer Belastung und 7,3 % der Patient(inn)en erhielten eine Beratung durch den psychoonkologischen Dienst. Das Screening erfolgte bei 49,6 % der Patient(inn)en. Die Pflegenden bewerteten das BT als sinnvoll und unterstützend. Schlussfolgerungen: Das BT ermöglicht Pflegenden, psychosoziale Belastungen systematisch zu erfassen. Das Instrument lässt sich mit geringem Zeitaufwand einführen und anwenden.
Zurückweisungsempfindlichkeit bei Jugendlichen mit Depression
Authors: Feldmann Lisa , Landes Iris , Schulte-Körne Gerd , Greimel Ellen
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Als Zurückweisungsempfindlichkeit (ZE) wird die Disposition bezeichnet, Zurückweisung ängstlich zu erwarten, als wahrscheinlicher wahrzunehmen und daraufhin überzureagieren. In Studien konnte bereits gezeigt werden, dass Zurückweisungsempfindlichkeit bei depressiv erkrankten Erwachsenen erhöht ist und depressive Symptome bei Jugendlichen begünstigt. Bisher liegen jedoch noch keine Befunde zu dispositionellen Unterschieden hinsichtlich der Zurückweisungsempfindlichkeit bei depressiv erkrankten Jugendlichen vor. Methodik: In der vorliegenden Studie wurde daher erstmals mittels eines Fragebogens zur Zurückweisungsempfindlichkeit für Kinder und Jugendliche (FZE-K) geprüft, ob sich zwischen depressiven Jugendlichen und gesunden Jugendlichen Unterschiede in der Zurückweisungsempfindlichkeit und den Handlungsintentionen nach einer Zurückweisungssituation finden. Eingeschlossen wurden n = 28 Jugendliche mit Depression sowie n = 32 gesunde Jugendliche im Alter von 12 bis 17 Jahren. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass depressive Jugendliche eine höhere ZE aufweisen, Zurückweisung ängstlicher erwarten und die Wahrscheinlichkeit, zurückgewiesen zu werden, als höher einschätzen. Zudem gaben depressive Jugendliche im Vergleich zu der Kontrollgruppe an, stärker mit Selbstattribution und Resignation auf eine Zurückweisung zu reagieren. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse lassen sich gut in das klinische Bild und in kognitive Theorien der Depression einordnen. In zukünftigen Studien sollte untersucht werden, ob sich entsprechende Interventionen positiv auf den Verlauf depressiver Erkrankungen auswirken.
Relationship of Moral Foundations to Political	Liberalism-Conservatism and Left-Right Orientation in a Finnish Representative	Sample
Authors: Kivikangas J. Matias , Lönnqvist Jan-Erik , Ravaja Niklas
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In moral foundations research, two single-item measures of political orientation – with anchors labeled “liberal-conservative” or “left-right” – have been alternatively used. Using a Finnish representative sample, we employed both measures. High conservatism was associated with binding foundations (loyalty, authority, and sanctity), while the associations with the individualizing foundations (harm and fairness) were practically zero. By contrast, the left-right dimension was not associated with the sanctity foundation, but was associated with all other foundations. The measures of political orientation were interchangeable only for fairness; harm was more strongly associated with the left-right dimension, and all binding foundations were more strongly associated with the liberal-conservative dimension. This suggests that at least in some countries, the liberal-conservative and left-right measures are not interchangeable.
Population pharmacokinetics of fludarabine in patients with aplastic anemia and Fanconi anemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mohanan E , Panetta J C , Lakshmi K M , Edison E S , Korula A , Fouzia N A , Abraham A , Viswabandya A , Mathews V , George B , Srivastava A , Balasubramanian P
Published: May 2017

Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with a conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine (F-araA) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) is associated with improved outcome in young patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and Fanconi anemia (FA), several factors limit the success of the procedure. We evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (POPPK) of F-araA and its influence on HSCT outcome in patients (n=53) with AA and FA undergoing HSCT. Patients carrying a 5′-UTR polymorphism in NT5E gene (rs2295890 G>C) exhibited significantly lower plasma F-araA clearance compared to those with wild-type genotype (7.12 vs 5.03 L/h/m2 (29%) P<0.05). F-araA clearance was significantly higher in patients with AA compared to FA (2.46 ×, P<1e−6). Of all the outcome parameters evaluated (engraftment, rejection/graft failure, GvHD, TRM, OS), high F-araA AUC (>29.4 μm*h) was the only significant factor associated with the development of aGvHD by both univariate and multivariate analysis (P=0.02). The influence of plasma F-araA levels need to be evaluated in a larger cohort of patients to propose the need for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Preserved cognitive functions with age are determined by domain-dependent shifts in network responsivity
Authors: Samu Dávid , Campbell Karen L. , Tsvetanov Kamen A. , Shafto Meredith A. ,   Cam-CAN consortium, Brayne Carol , Bullmore Edward T. , Calder Andrew C. , Cusack Rhodri , Dalgleish Tim , Duncan John , Henson Richard N. , Matthews Fiona E. , Marslen-Wilson William D. , Rowe James B. , Cheung Teresa , Davis Simon , Geerligs Linda , Kievit Rogier , McCarrey Anna , Mustafa Abdur , Price Darren , Taylor Jason R. , Treder Matthias , van Belle Janna , Williams Nitin , Bates Lauren , Emery Tina , Erzinçlioglu Sharon , Gadie Andrew , Gerbase Sofia , Georgieva Stanimira , Hanley Claire , Parkin Beth , Troy David , Auer Tibor , Correia Marta , Gao Lu , Green Emma , Henriques Rafael , Allen Jodie , Amery Gillian , Amunts Liana , Barcroft Anne , Castle Amanda , Dias Cheryl , Dowrick Jonathan , Fair Melissa , Fisher Hayley , Goulding Anna , Grewal Adarsh , Hale Geoff , Hilton Andrew , Johnson Frances , Johnston Patricia , Kavanagh-Williamson Thea , Kwasniewska Magdalena , McMinn Alison , Norman Kim , Penrose Jessica , Roby Fiona , Rowland Diane , Sargeant John , Squire Maggie , Stevens Beth , Stoddart Aldabra , Stone Cheryl , Thompson Tracy , Yazlik Ozlem , Barnes Dan , Dixon Marie , Hillman Jaya , Mitchell Joanne , Villis Laura , Tyler Lorraine K.
Published: May 2017

Healthy ageing has disparate effects on different cognitive domains. The neural basis of these differences, however, is largely unknown. We investigated this question by using Independent Components Analysis to obtain functional brain components from 98 healthy participants aged 23–87 years from the population-based Cam-CAN cohort. Participants performed two cognitive tasks that show age-related decrease (fluid intelligence and object naming) and a syntactic comprehension task that shows age-related preservation. We report that activation of task-positive neural components predicts inter-individual differences in performance in each task across the adult lifespan. Furthermore, only the two tasks that show performance declines with age show age-related decreases in task-positive activation of neural components and decreasing default mode (DM) suppression. Our results suggest that distributed, multi-component brain responsivity supports cognition across the adult lifespan, and the maintenance of this, along with maintained DM deactivation, characterizes successful ageing and may explain differential ageing trajectories across cognitive domains.
Antibody-powered nucleic acid release using a DNA-based nanomachine
Authors: Ranallo Simona , Prévost-Tremblay Carl , Idili Andrea , Vallée-Bélisle Alexis , Ricci Francesco
Published: May 2017

A wide range of molecular devices with nanoscale dimensions have been recently designed to perform a variety of functions in response to specific molecular inputs. Only limited examples, however, utilize antibodies as regulatory inputs. In response to this, here we report the rational design of a modular DNA-based nanomachine that can reversibly load and release a molecular cargo on binding to a specific antibody. We show here that, by using three different antigens (including one relevant to HIV), it is possible to design different DNA nanomachines regulated by their targeting antibody in a rapid, versatile and highly specific manner. The antibody-powered DNA nanomachines we have developed here may thus be useful in applications like controlled drug-release, point-of-care diagnostics and in vivo imaging.
The molecular basis of thin filament activation: from single molecule to muscle
Authors: Longyear Thomas , Walcott Sam , Debold Edward P.
Published: May 2017

For muscles to effectively power locomotion, trillions of myosin molecules must rapidly attach and detach from the actin thin filament. This is accomplished by precise regulation of the availability of the myosin binding sites on actin (i.e. activation). Both calcium (Ca++) and myosin binding contribute to activation, but both mechanisms are simultaneously active during contraction, making their relative contributions difficult to determine. Further complicating the process, myosin binding accelerates the attachment rate of neighboring myosin molecules, adding a cooperative element to the activation process. To de-convolve these two effects, we directly determined the effect of Ca++ on the rate of attachment of a single myosin molecule to a single regulated actin thin filament, and separately determined the distance over which myosin binding increases the attachment rate of neighboring molecules. Ca++ alone increases myosin’s attachment rate ~50-fold, while myosin binding accelerates attachment of neighboring molecules 400 nm along the actin thin filament.
The mitochondrial genomes of the acoelomorph worms Paratomella rubra, Isodiametra pulchra and Archaphanostoma ylvae
Authors: Robertson Helen E. , Lapraz François , Egger Bernhard , Telford Maximilian J. , Schiffer Philipp H.
Published: May 2017

Acoels are small, ubiquitous - but understudied - marine worms with a very simple body plan. Their internal phylogeny is still not fully resolved, and the position of their proposed phylum Xenacoelomorpha remains debated. Here we describe mitochondrial genome sequences from the acoels Paratomella rubra and Isodiametra pulchra, and the complete mitochondrial genome of the acoel Archaphanostoma ylvae. The P. rubra and A. ylvae sequences are typical for metazoans in size and gene content. The larger I. pulchra  mitochondrial genome contains both ribosomal genes, 21 tRNAs, but only 11 protein-coding genes. We find evidence suggesting a duplicated sequence in the I. pulchra mitochondrial genome. The P. rubra, I. pulchra and A. ylvae mitochondria have a unique genome organisation in comparison to other metazoan mitochondrial genomes. We found a large degree of protein-coding gene and tRNA overlap with little non-coding sequence in the compact P. rubra genome. Conversely, the A. ylvae and I. pulchra genomes have many long non-coding sequences between genes, likely driving genome size expansion in the latter. Phylogenetic trees inferred from mitochondrial genes retrieve Xenacoelomorpha as an early branching taxon in the deuterostomes. Sequence divergence analysis between P. rubra sampled in England and Spain indicates cryptic diversity.
ALOX5 exhibits anti-tumor and drug-sensitizing effects in MLL-rearranged leukemia
Authors: Wang Yungui , Skibbe Jennifer R. , Hu Chao , Dong Lei , Ferchen Kyle , Su Rui , Li Chenying , Huang Hao , Weng Hengyou , Huang Huilin , Qin Xi , Jin Jie , Chen Jianjun , Jiang Xi
Published: May 2017

MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a fatal disease with a high rate of relapse and therapeutic failure due to chemotherapy resistance. In analysis of our Affymetrix microarray profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we found that ALOX5 is especially down-regulated in MLL-rearranged AML, via transcription repression mediated by Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Colony forming/replating and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) assays showed that Alox5 exhibited a moderate anti-tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, leukemic cells with Alox5 overexpression showed a significantly higher sensitivity to the standard chemotherapeutic agents, i.e., doxorubicin (DOX) and cytarabine (Ara-C). The drug-sensitizing role of Alox5 was further confirmed in human and murine MLL-rearranged AML cell models in vitro, as well as in the in vivo MLL-rearranged AML BMT model coupled with treatment of “5 + 3” (i.e. DOX plus Ara-C) regimen. Stat and K-Ras signaling pathways were negatively correlated with Alox5 overexpression in MLL-AF9-leukemic blast cells; inhibition of the above signaling pathways mimicked the drug-sensitizing effect of ALOX5 in AML cells. Collectively, our work shows that ALOX5 plays a moderate anti-tumor role and functions as a drug sensitizer, with a therapeutic potential, in MLL-rearranged AML.
Three-dimensional quantitative fracture analysis of tight gas sandstones using industrial computed tomography
Authors: Lai Jin , Wang Guiwen , Fan Zhuoying , Chen Jing , Qin Ziqiang , Xiao Chengwen , Wang Shuchen , Fan Xuqiang
Published: May 2017

Tight gas sandstone samples are imaged at high resolution industrial X-ray computed tomography (ICT) systems to provide a three-dimensional quantitative characterization of the fracture geometries. Fracture networks are quantitatively analyzed using a combination of 2-D slice analysis and 3-D visualization and counting. The core samples are firstly scanned to produce grayscale slices, and the corresponding fracture area, length, aperture and fracture porosity as well as fracture density were measured. Then the 2-D slices were stacked to create a complete 3-D image using volume-rendering software. The open fractures (vug) are colored cyan whereas the calcite-filled fractures (high density objects) are colored magenta. The surface area and volume of both open fractures and high density fractures are calculated by 3-D counting. Then the fracture porosity and fracture aperture are estimated by 3-D counting. The fracture porosity and aperture from ICT analysis performed at atmospheric pressure are higher than those calculated from image logs at reservoir conditions. At last, the fracture connectivity is determined through comparison of fracture parameters with permeability. Distribution of fracture density and fracture aperture determines the permeability and producibility of tight gas sandstones. ICT has the advantage of performing three dimensional fracture imaging in a non-destructive way.
Novel Fabrication and Enhanced Photocatalytic MB Degradation of Hierarchical Porous Monoliths of MoO3 Nanoplates
Authors: Liu Yang , Feng Peizhong , Wang Zhang , Jiao Xinyang , Akhtar Farid
Published: May 2017

Porous monoliths of MoO3 nanoplates were synthesized from ammonium molybdate (AHM) by freeze-casting and subsequent thermal treatment from 300 to 600 °C. Pure orthorhombic MoO3 phase was obtained at thermal treatment temperature of 400 °C and above. MoO3 monoliths thermally treated at 400 °C displayed bimodal pore structure, including large pore channels replicating the ice crystals and small pores from MoO3 sheets stacking. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the average thicknesses of MoO3 sheet were 50 and 300 nm in porous monoliths thermally treated at 400 °C. The photocatalytic performance of MoO3 was evaluated through degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light radiation and MoO3 synthesized at 400 °C exhibited strong adsorption performance and best photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of MB of 99.7% under visible illumination for 60 min. MoO3 photocatalyst displayed promising cyclic performance, and the decolorization efficiency of MB solution was 98.1% after four cycles.
Angiotensin II type 1/adenosine A
2A
receptor oligomers: a novel target for tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Oliveira Paulo A. de , Dalton James A. R. , López-Cano Marc , Ricarte Adrià , Morató Xavier , Matheus Filipe C. , Cunha Andréia S. , Müller Christa E. , Takahashi Reinaldo N. , Fernández-Dueñas Víctor , Giraldo Jesús , Prediger Rui D. , Ciruela Francisco
Published: May 2017

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious motor side effect that may appear after long-term treatment with neuroleptics and mostly mediated by dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). Striatal D2R functioning may be finely regulated by either adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) or angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) through putative receptor heteromers. Here, we examined whether A2AR and AT1R may oligomerize in the striatum to synergistically modulate dopaminergic transmission. First, by using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, we demonstrated a physical AT1R-A2AR interaction in cultured cells. Interestingly, by protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we described that a stable heterotetrameric interaction may exist between AT1R and A2AR bound to antagonists (i.e. losartan and istradefylline, respectively). Accordingly, we subsequently ascertained the existence of AT1R/A2AR heteromers in the striatum by proximity ligation in situ assay. Finally, we took advantage of a TD animal model, namely the reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movement (VCM), to evaluate a novel multimodal pharmacological TD treatment approach based on targeting the AT1R/A2AR complex. Thus, reserpinized mice were co-treated with sub-effective losartan and istradefylline doses, which prompted a synergistic reduction in VCM. Overall, our results demonstrated the existence of striatal AT1R/A2AR oligomers with potential usefulness for the therapeutic management of TD.
Microgravity induces inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization through abrogating primary cilia
Authors: Shi Wengui , Xie Yanfang , He Jinpeng , Zhou Jian , Gao Yuhai , Wei Wenjun , Ding Nan , Ma Huiping , Xian Cory J. , Chen Keming , Wang Jufang
Published: May 2017

It is well documented that microgravity in space environment leads to bone loss in astronauts. These physiological changes have also been validated by human and animal studies and modeled in cell-based analogs. However, the underlying mechanisms are elusive. In the current study, we identified a novel phenomenon that primary cilia (key sensors and functioning organelles) of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) gradually shrank and disappeared almost completely after exposure to simulated microgravity generated by a random positioning machine (RPM). Along with the abrogation of primary cilia, the differentiation, maturation and mineralization of ROBs were inhibited. We also found that the disappearance of primary cilia was prevented by treating ROBs with cytochalasin D, but not with LiCl or dynein light chain Tctex-type 1 (Dynlt1) siRNA. The repression of the differentiation, maturation and mineralization of ROBs was effectively offset by cytochalasin D treatment in microgravity conditions. Blocking ciliogenesis using intraflagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88) siRNA knockdown inhibited the ability of cytochalasin D to counteract this reduction of osteogenesis. These results indicate that the abrogation of primary cilia may be responsible for the microgravity’s inhibition on osteogenesis. Reconstruction of primary cilia may become a potential strategy against bone loss induced by microgravity.
Using change trajectories to study the impacts of multi-annual habitat loss on fledgling production in an old forest specialist bird
Authors: Le Tortorec Eric , Käyhkö Niina , Hakkarainen Harri , Suorsa Petri , Huhta Esa , Helle Samuli
Published: May 2017

The loss and subdivision of habitat into smaller and more spatially isolated units due to human actions has been shown to adversely affect species worldwide. We examined how changes in old forest cover during eight years were associated with the cumulative number of fledged offspring at the end of study period in Eurasian treecreepers (Certhia familiaris) in Central Finland. We were specifically interested in whether the initial level of old forest cover moderated this relation. We applied a flexible and powerful approach, latent growth curve modelling in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework, to create trajectories describing changes in old forest cover through time, and studied how this change at both the territory core and landscape scales impacted fledging numbers. Our main finding was that at the territory core scale the negative impact of habitat loss on fledging numbers was lessened by the higher levels of initial forest cover, while no association was found at the landscape scale. Our study highlights a powerful, but currently under-utilised methodology among ecologists that can provide important information about biological responses to changes in the environment, providing a mechanistic way to study how land cover dynamics can affect species responses.
Bio-Inspired nacre-like nanolignocellulose-poly (vinyl alcohol)-TiO2 composite with superior mechanical and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Chen Yipeng , Wang Hanwei , Dang Baokang , Xiong Ye , Yao Qiufang , Wang Chao , Sun Qingfeng , Jin Chunde
Published: May 2017

Nacre, the gold standard for biomimicry, provides an excellent example and guideline for assembling high-performance composites. Inspired by the layered structure and extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, nacre-like nanolignocellulose/poly (vinyl alcohol)/TiO2 composites possessed the similar layered structure of natural nacre were constructed through hot-pressing process. Poly (vinyl alcohol) and TiO2 nanoparticles have been used as nanofillers to improve the mechanical performance and synchronously endow the superior photocatalytic activity of the composites. This research would be provided a promising candidate for the photooxidation of volatile organic compounds also combined with outstanding mechanical property.
Instrument-free quantitative detection of alkaline phosphatase using paper-based devices
Authors: Zhang Lang , Nie Jinfang , Wang Huili , Yang Juanhua , Wang Bingyue , Zhang Yun , Li Jianping
Published: May 2017

A new method is proposed for the quantitative detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by integrating paper microfluidics with an instrument-free length-measuring readout based on the ALP-caused hydrophilicity-to-hydrophobicity change in paper.
A stable isotope labelling assisted LC-MS method for the determination of polyamines in micro-tissues of rice
Authors: Wang Qiu-Yi , Ye Tiantian , Zheng Shu-Jian , Ye Er-Cui , Wang Ren-Qi , Feng Yu-Qi
Published: May 2017

A stable isotope labelling assisted LC-MS method for highly sensitive quantitation of polyamines in micro-regions of rice plant tissues under cadmium stress.
An effective trigger for energy release of vinylheptafulvene-based solar heat batteries
Authors: Cacciarini Martina , Vlasceanu Alexandru , Jevric Martyn , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: May 2017

An efficient strategy to activate the release of energy in dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene systems is developed.
Monitoring of nanoparticle reactivity in solution: interaction of l-lysine and Ru nanoparticles probed by chemical shift perturbation parallels regioselective H/D exchange
Authors: Martínez-Prieto Luis M. , Baquero Edwin A. , Pieters Grégory , Flores Juan C. , de Jesús Ernesto , Nayral Céline , Delpech Fabien , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Lippens Guy , Chaudret Bruno
Published: May 2017

The regioselective H/D exchange of l-lysine at different pHs can be correlated with the coordination modes of the lysine ions to the Ru surface as found by NMR.
An eco-friendly in situ activatable antibiotic via cucurbit[8]uril-mediated supramolecular crosslinking of branched polyethylenimine
Authors: Li Shengke , Jiang Nan , Zhao Wenxuan , Ding Yuan-Fu , Zheng Ying , Wang Lian-Hui , Zheng Jun , Wang Ruibing
Published: May 2017

The antibacterial activity of phenylalanyl-polyethylenimine can be reversibly activated/deactivated upon supramolecular crosslinking/decrosslinking, providing a novel example of an eco-friendly antibiotic.
A critical comparison of coarse-grained structure-based approaches and atomic models of protein folding
Authors: Hu Jie , Chen Tao , Wang Moye , Chan Hue Sun , Zhang Zhuqing
Published: May 2017

The predicted dimension of unfolded proteins is quite different using native-centric Gō-like models and transferrable (non-structure-based) models based on current atomic force fields.
Single photon transient hot electron ionization of C60
Authors: Hansen K.
Published: May 2017

Survival probability vs. time of hot electron-excited C60 at energies 10 through 70 eV.
Drop spreading on a superhydrophobic surface: pinned contact line and bending liquid surface
Authors: Wang Yanbin , Andrews Joseph Eugene , Hu Liangbing , Das Siddhartha
Published: May 2017

On a superhydrophobic surface, a drop spreads by the bending of the air–liquid interface with the three-phase contact line remaining pinned.
Photomultiplication type narrowband organic photodetectors working at forward and reverse bias
Authors: Miao Jianli , Zhang Fujun , Du Mingde , Wang Wenbin , Fang Ying
Published: May 2017

This study demonstrates photomultiplication type narrowband (FWHM < 30 nm) organic photodetectors that work well at both forward and reverse bias.
Strain effects on phonon transport in antimonene investigated using a first-principles study
Authors: Zhang Ai-Xia , Liu Jiang-Tao , Guo San-Dong , Li Hui-Chao
Published: May 2017

Strain engineering is a very effective method to continuously tune the electronic, topological, optical and thermoelectric properties of materials.
Evaluation of a multi-dimensional hybrid photocatalyst for enrichment of H2 evolution and elimination of dye/non-dye pollutants
Authors: Pawar Rajendra C. , Kang Suhee , Park Jung Hyun , Kim Jong-ho , Ahn Sunghoon , Lee Caroline S.
Published: May 2017

Fabrication of 1-D ZnTiO3 nanofibers and 2-D g-C3N4 based hybrid heterojunctions and their H2 evolution from water splitting under visible light irradiation.
The origin of enhanced photocatalytic activities of hydrogenated TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yani , Feng Haifeng , Yan Xiaobing , Wang Jiaou , Yang Huagui , Du Yi , Hao Weichang
Published: May 2017

The photocatalytic activity of semiconductors is largely governed by their light absorption, separation of photoinduced charge carriers and surface catalytically active sites, which are primarily controlled by the morphology, crystalline size, structure, and especially the electronic structure of photocatalysts.
Redox effects of low-spin Ru(ii/iii) on slow magnetic relaxation of Ru–Mn(iii) 1D cyanide-bridged complexes
Authors: Zhu Xiaoquan , Su Shaodong , Cao Wenhai , Wen Yuehong , Hu Shengmin , Wu Xintao , Sheng Tianlu
Published: May 2017

Redox active Ru-based cyanide bridges Mn(iii) fragments with different oxidation states and forms two new 1D compounds, of which one shows simple paramagnetism and another shows slow magnetic relaxation.
Oxocomplexes of U(vi) with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate in solution: structural studies and photophysical behaviour
Authors: Ramos M. Luísa , Justino Licínia L. G. , Barata Rui , Costa Telma , Nogueira Bernardo A. , Fausto Rui , Burrows Hugh D.
Published: May 2017

The dioxouranium species UO22+ forms a nonluminescent 1 : 2 complex with 8-HQS having a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry.
In situ preparation of Ni nanoparticles in cerium-modified silica aerogels for coking- and sintering-resistant dry reforming of methane
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyuan , Lu Meirong , Li Hongrui , Fang Jianhui , Shi Liyi , Zhang Dengsong
Published: May 2017

Ni nanoparticles in nanochannels of cerium-modified silica aerogels were in situ prepared for coking-resistant dry reforming of methane.
A nanostructure label-free DNA biosensor for ciprofloxacin analysis as a chemotherapeutic agent: an experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Cheraghi Somaye , Taher Mohammad A. , Karimi-Maleh Hassan , Faghih-Mirzaei Ehsan
Published: May 2017

A nanostructure DNA biosensor based on pencil graphite electrode modified with polypyrrole, single wall carbon nanotubes and ds-DNA (PGE/PP/SWCNTs/DNA) was suggested for the determination of ciprofloxacin.
Two-step conversion of carboxylic esters into distally fluorinated ketones via ring cleavage of cyclopropanol intermediates: application of sulfinate salts as fluoroalkylating reagents
Authors: Konik Yulia A. , Kudrjashova Marina , Konrad Nele , Kaabel Sandra , Järving Ivar , Lopp Margus , Kananovich Dzmitry G.
Published: May 2017

Synthesis of distally fluorinated ketones from easily available cyclopropanols using sulfinate salts as fluoroalkylating reagents.
Penicimutamides D–E: two new prenylated indole alkaloids from a mutant of the marine-derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59
Authors: Wu Chang-Jing , Li Chang-Wei , Gao Hao , Huang Xiao-Jun , Cui Cheng-Bin
Published: May 2017

Two new prenylated indole alkaloids, penicimutamides D–E (1–2), were discovered via activating silent pathways in a marine-derived fungus.
Armed by Asp? C-terminal carboxylate in a Dap-branched peptide and consequences in the binding of CuII and electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Szyrwiel Łukasz , Lukács Dávid , Srankó Dávid F. , Kerner Zsolt , Kotynia Aleksandra , Brasuń Justyna , Setner Bartosz , Szewczuk Zbigniew , Malec Katarzyna , Pap József S.
Published: May 2017

C-Terminal carboxylate in branched peptide allows insight into water oxidation electrocatalysis by Cu-complexes, revealing differences to homologues with varied modules.
Cytosine methylation by DNMT2 facilitates stability and survival of HIV-1 RNA in the host cell during infection
Authors: Dev Rachana Roshan , Ganji Rakesh , Singh Satya Prakash , Mahalingam Sundarasamy , Banerjee Sharmistha , Khosla Sanjeev
Published: May 2017

The enigmatic methyltransferase, DNMT2 (DNA methyltransferase 2), structurally resembles a DNA methyltransferase, but has been shown to be a tRNA methyltransferase targeting cytosine within a specific CpG in different tRNA molecules. We had previously shown that, during environmental stress conditions, DNMT2 is re-localized from the nucleus to the cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) and is associated with RNA-processing proteins. In the present study, we show that DNMT2 binds and methylates various mRNA species in a sequence-independent manner and gets re-localized to SGs in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Importantly, our results indicate that HIV-1 enhances its survivability in the host cell by utilizing this RNA methylation capability of DNMT2 to increase the stability of its own genome. Upon infection, DNMT2 re-localizes from the nucleus to the SGs and methylates HIV-1 RNA. This DNMT2-dependent methylation provided post-transcriptional stability to the HIV-1 RNA. Furthermore, DNMT2 overexpression increased the HIV-1 viral titre. This would suggest that HIV hijacks the RNA-processing machinery within the SGs to ensure its own survival in the host cell. Thus, our findings provide for a novel mechanism by which virus tries to modulate the host cell machinery to its own advantage.
Optimising ensemble combination based on maximisation of diversity
Authors: Mao Shasha , Lin Weisi , Chen Jiawei , Xiong Lin
Published: May 2017

Balancing diversity and accuracy of individuals is crucial for improving the performance of an ensemble system, since they are two important but incompatible factors for ensemble learning. When multiple individuals are combined with the corresponding weights, the diversity should be dominated by individuals and their weights, whereas the weights are normally ignored in the analysis of diversity in most research. Inspired by this, the authors propose a novel ensemble method which seeks an optimal combination to maximise diversity and accuracy of weighted individuals with the constraint on the minimal ensemble error. Furthermore, a new expression is given based on the generated individuals and their weights to exploit the diversity of an ensemble. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method outperforms relevant existing methods.
Coverage probability of multiple UAVs supported ground network
Authors: Guo Zijun , Wei Zhiqing , Feng Zhiyong , Fan Ning
Published: May 2017

In disaster recovery, ground network consisting of mobile terminals of rescue vehicles and civilians may be disconnected due to severe environment. In this situation, multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) form an aerial network to enhance the connectivity of the ground network. When two nodes in ground network are disconnected, they adopt UAVs as relays to transmit data. Otherwise, they communicate with device‐to‐device manner. With this framework, the coverage probability of these two kinds of users is analysed. Besides, the optimal altitude of UAVs to maximise the capacity of ground network is achieved. A guideline is provided for the design of multiple UAVs support wireless network.
Hybrid inverter concept for extreme bandwidth high‐power AC source
Authors: Huber J.E. , Kolar J.W. , Pammer G.
Published: May 2017

A hybrid inverter concept for switch‐mode power amplifiers as used, e.g. in power‐hardware‐in‐the‐loop testing is proposed. A main converter operating from the supplying DC voltage generates a multilevel output voltage by means of parallel‐interleaved operation of several bridge legs and combination of the bridge leg output voltages with coupled inductors into a multilevel waveform. A second, series‐connected inverter features a floating DC bus with only a fraction of the main converter's DC voltage, which enables a significantly higher switching frequency. The series inverter compensates the deviation of the main inverter's multilevel output voltage from the reference voltage, whereby pulse‐width modulation with sawtooth carriers is employed, and hence defines the effective switching frequency of the hybrid inverter's overall output voltage. This allows for a higher output filter cutoff frequency and ultimately features a significant increase of the full‐range system bandwidth, which improves by more than an order of magnitude for the considered 100 kVA example system compared with a conventional approach. Finally, closed‐loop circuit simulations verify the high performance of the proposed system.
Empirical cross‐correlation modelling of multiple‐input–multiple‐output channel considering outdoor building density
Authors: Jeong Won Ho , Jung Myoung‐won , Kim Kyung‐Seok
Published: May 2017

This study presents cross‐correlation of building density in outdoor environments for fifth generation mobile communications at 781MHz. To avoid interference from Korean digital television (DTV) broadcasting, the authors measured the radio characteristics on Jeju Island using a channel sounder and four‐by‐four antennas. They derived basic large‐scale parameters (LSPs) such as path loss, delay spread, angular spread, and Rician K‐factor from eight different sites. The real building standing area was estimated with a geographic information system database. They propose an empirical model from analysis of the correlations between LSPs and building density. This model indicates that building density is not determined by measurement scenario such as urban, suburban, and rural. The proposed model only reflects change in building density for an outdoor environment. Finally, they verify their model through ray‐tracing simulation similar to a real environment. This model can be useful in the design of future mobile communications systems according to changes in building density.
Optimal joint control and triggering strategies against denial of service attacks: a zero‐sum game
Authors: Zhao Yinghong , He Xiao , Zhou Donghua
Published: May 2017

This study is concerned with the optimal control and scheduling problem for linear networked control systems with communication constraints and security issues. The communication channel, which connects remote sensors with a controller, has limited transmission capability and may suffer denial of service attacks from an external attacker. Unlike most existing cyber‐attack‐related literature which presumed a prior well‐designed control or estimating strategy on which triggering and jamming strategies were established, in the present work, optimal strategies of the controller, the trigger as well as the external attacker are considered simultaneously under the renowned linear quadratic criteria. A designer, who can jointly devise the controller and the trigger, aims to improve the system's performance while the attacker's goal is just the opposite. With the assumption that the trigger and the attacker have limited opportunities to send or attack, a zero‐sum static game of complete information is first utilised to investigate the optimal strategies for both players, i.e. the designer and the attacker. The existence of Nash equilibrium (NE) point, i.e. the combination of optimal strategy for each player, is proven afterwards. Finally, the property of none pure‐strategy NE in a special case is provided with rigorous proofs. A numerical example is employed to demonstrate how to derive the optimal strategies for the designer and the attacker.
Boundary control of a flexible crane system in two‐dimensional space
Authors: Zhang Shuang , He Xiuyu
Published: May 2017

A flexible crane system with vibrating and varying cable is investigated in two‐dimensional space. Two partial differential equations and four ordinary differential equations derived by the Hamilton's principle are used to describe the dynamics of the flexible crane system. The dynamic model of the crane system considers the variation of the tension of the cable. Boundary control design is given to suppress vibrations of the flexible crane system. The Lyapunov's direct method is employed to prove the uniform ultimate boundedness of the states of the cable system. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed control schemes are depicted via numerical simulations.
Magnetic circuit modelling of transformer core induction – resolution and accuracy
Authors: Shilyashki Georgi , Pfützner Helmut
Published: May 2017

As a tool for optimisation of transformer cores, numerical modelling is used to estimate local induction distributions. Compared to finite element method (FEM), the magnetic circuit modelling (MACC) uses much lower amounts of elements which raises questions of resolution and accuracy. This study compares MACC models of different resolutions, two flux paths (2FP) and four paths (4FP). Both are characterised by low computing times. The low resolution of 2FP offers compact information about global flux distributions, as a function of modified core geometry or material. The increased resolution of 4FP favours the assessment of regional concentration of rotational and circular magnetisation. A rough comparison with FEM illustrates that quantitative FEM studies of such mechanisms are impossible without specific post‐processing. With respect to the overall accuracy of MACC, it is not determined by the number of elements but on the accuracy of geometrical assumptions and allocated permeability functions. For the transverse direction and overlap regions, the corresponding accuracy of related terms may be close to 10%, due to product tolerance or mechanical stress. Both high meshing densities and low approximation values are of academic nature. The attractiveness of modelling is not given by accuracy, but by revealing complex distributions with good approximation of instantaneous data.
Direct drive wave energy array with offshore energy storage supplying off‐grid residential load
Authors: Sousounis Marios Charilaos , Gan Leong Kit , Kiprakis Aristides E. , Shek Jonathan K.H.
Published: May 2017

Current developments in wave energy conversion have focused on locations where the wave energy resource is the highest; using large devices to generate hundreds of kilowatts of power. However, it is possible to generate power from low power waves using smaller wave energy devices. These lower rated wave energy converters can form arrays to supply power to remote coastal or island communities which are off‐grid. This study introduces wave‐to‐wire modelling of wave energy arrays for off‐grid systems using low power permanent‐magnet linear generators (PMLGs). Offshore energy storage at the DC link is added to keep the voltage constant along with a current controller for the inverter in order to supply constant low harmonic power to the residential load connected off‐grid. Simulation results produced in MATLAB/Simulink environment show that the wave energy array can generate power independently from the residential side by keeping the system stable using offshore storage. In addition, two different types of controllers for wave energy devices that use PMLGs are compared based on the power captured from the waves.