bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indian Ocean Dipole Variations During the Last Millennium in PMIP3 Simulations
Authors: Tejavath Charan Teja , Ashok Karumuri , Chakraborty Supriyo , Pentakota Sreenivas
Published: August 2024

Earlier proxy‐observational studies, and a sole modeling study, suggest that the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), an important global climate driver, exhibited multi‐scale temporal variability during the Last Millennium (LM; CE 0851–1849, with relatively high number of strong positive IOD events during the Little Ice Age (LIA; CE 1550–1749), and strong negative IOD events during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP; CE 1000–1199). Using nine model simulations from the PMIP3, we study the IOD variability during the LM after due validation of the simulated current day (CE 1850–2005) IOD variability. Majority of the models simulate relatively higher number of positive IOD events during the MWP, and negative IOD events in the LIA, commensurate with simulated background conditions. However, higher number of strong positive IOD events are simulated relative to the negative IODs during the LIA, in agreement with proxy‐observations, apparently owing to increased coupled feedback during positive IODs.
A Constrained Spectral Approximation of Subgrid‐Scale Orography on Unstructured Grids
Authors: Chew Ray , Dolaptchiev Stamen , Wedel Maja‐Sophie , Achatz Ulrich
Published: August 2024

The representation of subgrid‐scale orography is a challenge in the physical parameterization of orographic gravity‐wave sources in weather forecasting. A significant hurdle is encoding as much physical information with as simple a representation as possible. Other issues include scale awareness, that is, the orographic representation has to change according to the grid cell size and usability on unstructured geodesic grids with non‐quadrilateral grid cells. This work introduces a novel spectral analysis method approximating a scale‐aware spectrum of subgrid‐scale orography on unstructured geodesic grids. The dimension of the physical orographic data is reduced by more than two orders of magnitude in its spectral representation. Simultaneously, the power of the approximated spectrum is close to the physical value. The method is based on well‐known least‐squares spectral analyses. However, it is robust to the choice of the free parameters, and tuning the algorithm is generally unnecessary. Numerical experiments involving an idealized setup show that this novel spectral analysis performs significantly better than a straightforward least‐squares spectral analysis in representing the physical energy of a spectrum. Studies involving real‐world topographic data are conducted, and reasonable error scores within ±10% error relative to the maximum physical quantity of interest are achieved across different grid sizes and background wind speeds. The deterministic behavior of the method is investigated along with its principal capabilities and potential biases, and it is shown that the error scores can be iteratively improved if an optimization target is known. Discussions on the method's limitations and broader applicability conclude this work.
Neural Network Models for Ionospheric Electron Density Prediction at a Fixed Altitude Using Neural Architecture Search
Authors: Pan Yang , Jin Mingwu , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Wing Simon , Deng Yue
Published: August 2024

Specification and forecast of ionospheric parameters, such as ionospheric electron density (Ne), have been an important topic in space weather and ionospheric research. Neural networks (NNs) emerge as a powerful modeling tool for Ne prediction. However, heavy manual adjustments are time consuming to determine the optimal NN structures. In this work, we propose to use neural architecture search (NAS), an automatic machine learning method, to mitigate this problem. NAS aims to find the optimal network structure through the alternate optimization of the hyperparameters and the corresponding network parameters within a pre‐defined hyperparameter search space. A total of 16‐year data from Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar (ISR) are used for the NN models. One single‐layer NN (SLNN) model and one deep NN (DNN) model are both trained with NAS, namely SLNN‐NAS and DNN‐NAS, for Ne prediction and compared with their manually tuned counterparts (SLNN and DNN) based on previous studies. Our results show that SLNN‐NAS and DNN‐NAS outperformed SLNN and DNN, respectively. These NN predictions of Ne daily variation patterns reveal a 27‐day mid‐latitude topside Ne variation, which cannot be reasonably represented by traditional empirical models developed using monthly averages. DNN‐NAS yields the best prediction accuracy measured by quantitative metrics and rankings of daily pattern prediction, especially with an improvement in mean absolute error more than 10% compared to the SLNN model. The limited improvement of NAS is likely due to the network complexity and the limitation of fully connected NN without the time histories of input parameters.
Clinical efficacy and immune response of neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy in resectable locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase 2 trial
Authors: Chen Yue-Yun , Wang Pei-Pei , Hu Yang , Yuan Yong , Yang Yu-Shang , Shi Hua-Shan , Hao Qing , Lin Zhen , Tian Jiang-Fang , Zheng Yue , Liu Ting , Lin Pan-Pan , Xu Heng , Ma Xue-Lei , Yang Li , Ding Zhen-Yu
Published: August 2024

Background

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is under intensive investigation for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study assesses the efficacy and immune response of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) in ESCC.

Methods

In this phase II trial (ChiCTR2100045722), locally advanced ESCC patients receiving nICT were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Multiplexed immunofluorescence, RNA-seq and TCR-seq were conducted to explore the immune response underlying nICT.

Results

Totally 42 patients were enrolled, achieving a 27.0% pCR rate. The 1-year, 2-year DFS and OS rates were 89.2%, 64.4% and 97.3%, 89.2%, respectively. RNA-seq analysis highlighted T-cell activation as the most significantly enriched pathway. The tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) was characterised by high CD4, CD8, Foxp3, and PD-L1 levels, associating with better pathological regression (TRS0/1). TIME was categorised into immune-infiltrating, immune-tolerant, and immune-desert types. Notably, the immune-infiltrating type and tertiary lymphoid structures correlated with improved outcomes. In the context of nICT, TIM-3 negatively influenced treatment efficacy, while elevated TIGIT/PD-1 expression post-nICT correlated positively with CD8+ T cell levels. TCR-seq identified three TCR rearrangements, underscoring the specificity of T-cell responses.

Conclusions

Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy is effective for locally advanced, resectable ESCC, eliciting profound immune response that closely associated with clinical outcomes.
Targeting of mutant-p53 and MYC as a novel strategy to inhibit oncogenic SPAG5 activity in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Canu Valeria , Vaccarella Sebastiano , Sacconi Andrea , Pulito Claudio , Goeman Frauke , Pallocca Matteo , Rutigliano Daniela , Lev Sima , Strano Sabrina , Blandino Giovanni
Published: August 2024

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease which currently has no effective therapeutic targets and prominent biomarkers. The Sperm Associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is a mitotic spindle associated protein with oncogenic function in several human cancers. In TNBC, increased SPAG5 expression has been associated with tumor progression, chemoresistance, relapse, and poor clinical outcome. Here we show that high SPAG5 expression in TNBC is regulated by coordinated activity of YAP, mutant p53 and MYC. Depletion of YAP or mutant p53 proteins reduced SPAG5 expression and the recruitment of MYC onto SPAG5 promoter. Targeting of MYC also reduced SPAG5 expression and concomitantly tumorigenicity of TNBC cells. These effects of MYC targeting were synergized with cytotoxic chemotherapy and markedly reduced TNBC oncogenicity in SPAG5-expression dependent manner. These results suggest that mutant p53-MYC-SPAG5 expression can be considered as bona fide predictors of patient’s outcome, and reliable biomarkers for effective anticancer therapies.
Cysteine sulfenylation contributes to liver fibrosis via the regulation of EphB2-mediated signaling
Authors: Han Yueqing , Gao Qi , Xu Yating , Chen Ke , Li Rongxin , Guo Weiran , Wang Shuzhen
Published: August 2024

Sulfenylation is a reversible oxidative posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins on cysteine residues. Despite the dissection of various biological functions of cysteine sulfenylation, its roles in hepatic fibrosis remain elusive. Here, we report that EphB2, a receptor tyrosine kinase previously implicated in liver fibrosis, is regulated by cysteine sulfenylation during the fibrotic progression of liver. Specifically, EphB2 is sulfenylated at the residues of Cys636 and Cys862 in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), leading to the elevation of tyrosine kinase activity and protein stability of EphB2 and stronger interactions with focal adhesion kinase for the activation of downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. The inhibitions of both EphB2 kinase activity and cysteine sulfenylation by idebenone (IDE), a marketed drug with potent antioxidant activity, can markedly suppress the activation of HSCs and ameliorate hepatic injury in two well-recognized mouse models of liver fibrosis. Collectively, this study reveals cysteine sulfenylation as a new type of PTM for EphB2 and sheds a light on the therapeutic potential of IDE for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Engineered mitochondria exert potent antitumor immunity as a cancer vaccine platform
Authors: Luo Jingwen , Mo Fei , Zhang Zhe , Hong Weiqi , Lan Tianxia , Cheng Yuan , Fang Chunju , Bi Zhenfei , Qin Furong , Yang Jingyun , Zhang Ziqi , Li Xue , Que Haiying , Wang Jiayu , Chen Siyuan , Wu Yiming , Yang Li , Li Jiong , Wang Wei , Chen Chong , Wei Xiawei
Published: August 2024

The preferable antigen delivery profile accompanied by sufficient adjuvants favors vaccine efficiency. Mitochondria, which feature prokaryotic characteristics and contain various damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are easily taken up by phagocytes and simultaneously activate innate immunity. In the current study, we established a mitochondria engineering platform for generating antigen-enriched mitochondria as cancer vaccine. Ovalbumin (OVA) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) were used as model antigens to synthesize fusion proteins with mitochondria-localized signal peptides. The lentiviral infection system was then employed to produce mitochondrial vaccines containing either OVA or TRP2. Engineered OVA- and TRP2-containing mitochondria (OVA-MITO and TRP2-MITO) were extracted and evaluated as potential cancer vaccines. Impressively, the engineered mitochondria vaccine demonstrated efficient antitumor effects when used as both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines in murine tumor models. Mechanistically, OVA-MITO and TRP2-MITO potently recruited and activated dendritic cells (DCs) and induced a tumor-specific cell-mediated immunity. Moreover, DC activation by mitochondria vaccine critically involves TLR2 pathway and its lipid agonist, namely, cardiolipin derived from the mitochondrial membrane. The results demonstrated that engineered mitochondria are natively well-orchestrated carriers full of immune stimulants for antigen delivery, which could preferably target local dendritic cells and exert strong adaptive cellular immunity. This proof-of-concept study established a universal platform for vaccine construction with engineered mitochondria bearing alterable antigens for cancers as well as other diseases.
Description and first insights on a large genomic biobank of lung transplantation
Authors: Brocard Simon , Morin Martin , dos Santos Brito Silva Nayane , Renaud-Picard Benjamin , Coiffard Benjamin , Demant Xavier , Falque Loïc , Le Pavec Jérome , Roux Antoine , Villeneuve Thomas , Knoop Christiane , Mornex Jean-François , Salpin Mathilde , Boussaud Véronique , Rousseau Olivia , Mauduit Vincent , Durand Axelle , Magnan Antoine , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Vince Nicolas , Südholt Mario , Tissot Adrien , Limou Sophie ,   COLT consortium, Le Pavec Jérome
Published: August 2024

The main limitation to long-term lung transplant (LT) survival is chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), which leads to irreversible lung damage and significant mortality. Individual factors can impact CLAD, but no large genetic investigation has been conducted to date. We established the multicentric Genetic COhort in Lung Transplantation (GenCOLT) biobank from a rich and homogeneous sub-part of COLT cohort. GenCOLT collected DNA, high-quality GWAS (genome-wide association study) genotyping and robust HLA data for donors and recipients to supplement COLT clinical data. GenCOLT closely mirrors the global COLT cohort without significant variations in variables like demographics, initial disease and survival rates (P > 0.05). The GenCOLT donors were 45 years-old on average, 44% women, and primarily died of stroke (54%). The recipients were 48 years-old at transplantation on average, 45% women, and the main underlying disease was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (45%). The mean follow-up time was 67 months and survival at 5 years was 57.3% for the CLAD subgroup and 97.4% for the non-CLAD subgroup. After stringent quality controls, GenCOLT gathered more than 7.3 million SNP and HLA genotypes for 387 LT pairs, including 91% pairs composed of donor and recipient of European ancestry. Overall, GenCOLT is an accurate snapshot of LT clinical practice in France and Belgium between 2009 and 2018. It currently represents one of the largest genetic biobanks dedicated to LT with data available simultaneously for donors and recipients. This unique cohort will empower to run comprehensive GWAS investigations of CLAD and other LT outcomes.
Low serum testosterone is associated with an increased risk of first-time renal calculi in men without testosterone replacement therapy
Authors: Thompson Austin , Omil-Lima Danly , Rhodes Stephen , Jevnikar Benjamin , Obery Dana , Kaelber David , Thirumavalavan Nannan
Published: August 2024

The incidence of low serum testosterone has been increasing in men of all ages across a period which also corresponds to an increasing prevalence of kidney stones. Currently, the relationship between testosterone and kidney stones is unclear. Using the TriNetX Research Network, we performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the risk of developing an initial kidney stone in men based on their total testosterone level. Men aged ≥18 were divided into a low testosterone (<300 ng/dL) and normal testosterone (≥ 300 ng/dL) cohort. Men were excluded if they had a history of a kidney stone encounter diagnosis before testosterone measurement and a history of testosterone therapy prescription at any point. Propensity score matching was employed with an absolute standardized mean difference of less than 0.1 used as an indicator of successful matching. Our main outcome of interest was risk of developing an initial kidney stone in men aged ≥18 and within age-based subgroups. In men 18 and older, low testosterone was associated with a higher risk of one or more kidney stone encounter diagnoses (HR 1.12, 95% CI [1.09–1.15]). When stratified by age, no significant association between low testosterone and kidney stone encounter diagnoses was seen in men aged 18–24 (HR 1.09, 95% CI [0.85–1.39]). The highest risk was observed in men with low testosterone aged 34-44 (HR 1.29, 95% CI [1.17–1.38]). In this study, low serum testosterone was associated with an increased risk of initial kidney stone diagnosis in adult men without testosterone therapy prescriptions at any point in their life. Stratifying by age, the increased risk appears to begin in men aged 25, with the highest observed risk in men aged 33-44.
Fast and robust analog in-memory deep neural network training
Authors: Rasch Malte J. , Carta Fabio , Fagbohungbe Omobayode , Gokmen Tayfun
Published: August 2024

Analog in-memory computing is a promising future technology for efficiently accelerating deep learning networks. While using in-memory computing to accelerate the inference phase has been studied extensively, accelerating the training phase has received less attention, despite its arguably much larger compute demand to accelerate. While some analog in-memory training algorithms have been suggested, they either invoke significant amount of auxiliary digital compute—accumulating the gradient in digital floating point precision, limiting the potential speed-up—or suffer from the need for near perfectly programming reference conductance values to establish an algorithmic zero point. Here, we propose two improved algorithms for in-memory training, that retain the same fast runtime complexity while resolving the requirement of a precise zero point. We further investigate the limits of the algorithms in terms of conductance noise, symmetry, retention, and endurance which narrow down possible device material choices adequate for fast and robust in-memory deep neural network training.
Optimizing oocyte yield utilizing a machine learning model for dose and trigger decisions, a multi-center, prospective study
Authors: Canon Chelsea , Leibner Lily , Fanton Michael , Chang Zeyu , Suraj Vaishali , Lee Joseph A. , Loewke Kevin , Hoffman David
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes for patients undergoing IVF treatment where an artificial intelligence (AI) platform was utilized by clinicians to help determine the optimal starting dose of FSH and timing of trigger injection. This was a prospective clinical trial with historical control arm. Four physicians from two assisted reproductive technology treatment centers in the United States participated in the study. The treatment arm included patients undergoing autologous IVF cycles between December 2022–April 2023 where the physician use AI to help select starting dose of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and trigger injection timing (N = 291). The control arm included historical patients treated where the same doctor did not use AI between September 2021 and September 2022. The main outcome measures were total FSH used and average number of mature metaphase II (MII) oocytes. There was a non-significant trend towards improved patient outcomes and a reduction in FSH with physician use of AI. Overall, the average number of MIIs in the treatment vs. control arm was 12.20 vs 11.24 (improvement = 0.96, p = 0.16). The average number of oocytes retrieved in the treatment vs. control arm was 16.01 vs 14.54 (improvement = 1.47, p = 0.08). The average total FSH in the treatment arm was 3671.95 IUs and the average in the control arm was 3846.29 IUs (difference = −174.35 IUs, p = 0.13). These results suggests that AI can safely assist in refining the starting dose of FSH while narrowing down the timing of the trigger injection during ovarian stimulation, benefiting the patient in optimizing the count of MII oocytes retrieved.
Connected smart elevator systems for smart power and time saving
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Yarrarapu Manasa , Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Raj Antony Gnana Sagaya , Edeswaran Logashanmugam , Kumar E. Santosh , Aswitha K. , Snehith N. , Ahammad Shaik Hasane
Published: August 2024

Smart elevators provide substantial promise for time and energy management applications by utilizing cutting edge artificial intelligence and image processing technology. In order to improve operating efficiency, this project designs an elevator system that uses the YOLO model for object detection. Compared to traditional methods, our results show a 15% improvement in wait times and a 20% reduction in energy use. Due to the elevator’s increased accuracy and dependability, users’ qualitative feedback shows a high degree of pleasure. These results imply that intelligent elevator systems can make a significant contribution to more intelligent building management. Due to the elevator’s increased accuracy and dependability, users’ qualitative feedback shows a high degree of pleasure. These results imply that intelligent elevator systems can make a significant contribution to more intelligent building management. The successful integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and image processing technologies in elevator systems presents a promising foundation for future research and development. Further advancements in object detection algorithms, such as refining YOLO models for even higher accuracy and real-time adaptability, hold potential to enhance operational efficiency. Integrating smart elevators more deeply into IoT networks and building management systems could enable comprehensive energy management strategies and real-time decision-making. Predictive maintenance models tailored to elevator components could minimize downtime and optimize service schedules, enhancing overall reliability. Additionally, exploring adaptive user interfaces and personalized scheduling algorithms could further elevate user satisfaction by tailoring elevator interactions to individual preferences. Sustainable practices, including energy-efficient designs and integration of renewable energy sources, represent crucial avenues for reducing environmental impact. Addressing security concerns through advanced encryption and access control mechanisms will be essential for safeguarding sensitive data in smart elevator systems.
Opportunity to view the starry night sky is linked to human emotion and behavioral interest in astronomy
Authors: Barragan Rodolfo Cortes , Meltzoff Andrew N.
Published: August 2024

Prior to the modern era, the stars in the night sky were readily visible across the globe, but light pollution has created disparities in the opportunity to see these astronomical objects with the naked eye. This alteration may measurably impact human behavior. We hypothesize that light pollution is related to the development of people’s interest in astronomy, which often serves as a “gateway” to science more broadly. In a state-by-state analysis, we used location information to examine astronomy interest data for millions of US residents. Results show that, among populations with low light pollution, a feeling of “wonder about the universe” is prevalent (r = 0.50). We found that this human emotion mediates the association between low light pollution and behavioral interest in astronomy. Although the effects of light pollution on astronomy, biology, ecology, and health are well-known, the present work demonstrates that light pollution is also relevant to human scientific behavior, with broad implications for science education and society.
The potential of residual clinical Group B Streptococcus swabs for assessing the vaginorectal microbiome in late pregnancy
Authors: Boelsen Laura K. , Williams Melanie J. , Mangwiro Yeukai TM. , Hansji Herah , Czajko Anna , Marcelino Vanessa , Forster Samuel , Said Joanne M. , Satzke Catherine , Saffery Richard
Published: August 2024

The maternal pregnancy microbiome (including genitourinary and gut) has been linked to important pregnancy/birth and later childhood health outcomes. However, such sampling as part of large population cohort studies is logistically and financially challenging. Many countries routinely collect vaginal or vaginal-rectal swabs in late pregnancy for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening, but their utility for population-based research is still unclear. As part of planning for the Generation Victoria population-based cohort study beginning in pregnancy, we assessed the utility and reliability of residual clinical GBS vaginal/vaginal-rectal swabs for generating late pregnancy microbiome data. We carried out a two-phased pilot study. Phase one assessed the level of microbial diversity apparent in ‘residual’ clinical vaginal/vaginal-rectal swabs post clinical testing and storage for 7–10 days at 4 °C (routine clinical practice). Phase two directly assessed the impact of storage time and temperature on the microbial composition of vaginal/vaginal-rectal swabs collected specifically for research purposes. The microbiota composition in the ‘residual’ clinical swabs aligned with published studies. The ‘research’ swabs, stored at 4 °C for up to ten days, showed minimal changes in microbiota profile, compared to swabs examined on the day of collection. In contrast, significant variation in diversity was seen in swabs stored at room temperature for up to 48 h. Residual clinical material from swabs collected primarily for GBS screening in late pregnancy represent a reliable and abundant source of material for assessing the late pregnancy maternal microbiome for research purposes. This represents a low-burden opportunity for population-representative pregnancy studies to assess the potential of late pregnancy microbiome for prediction and understanding maternal and child health outcomes.
Fast and broad-coverage lipidomics enabled by ion mobility-mass spectrometry
Authors: Cai Yuping , Chen Xi , Ren Fandong , Wang Hongmiao , Yin Yandong , Zhu Zheng-Jiang
Published: August 2024

A fast and broad-coverage lipidomics method using the LC-IM-MS technology.
Greenness assessment of analytical methods for determination of cannabinoids in oils using NEMI, Analytical Eco-Scale, AGREE and GAPI
Authors: Sammut Bartolo Nicolette , Gallo Lovely L. , Szyrner Karolina , Buhagiar Paul I. , Vella Szijj Janis
Published: August 2024

The cannabis plant is being increasingly researched due to its numerous therapeutic properties leading to the need for analytical techniques to assess substances present in extracts of the cannabis plant.
Solution-plasma interaction for synthesizing highly active Pt–Ni alloy oxygen reduction nanocatalysts for PEMFCs
Authors: Yang Shuxiu , Tang Yu , Tan Yawen , Fu Bona , Liu Mingyang , Shu Qingzhu , Liu Shuhong , Zhao Hong
Published: August 2024

A highly active PtNi-alloy catalyst is synthesized using solution-plasma interaction. The plasma effect significantly boosts active sites on the support surface, enhancing alloying and support functionalization for high catalytic activity.
Co-sputtering strategy to construct robust sodiophilic interfaces for anode-less sodium metal batteries
Authors: Dai Jiawen , Wang Haoran , Zhang Rui , Wang Jin , Wang Peiyu , Qiu Tian , Wang Haiyan
Published: August 2024

The composite coating can maintain the sodiophilicity and form a robust SEI, thus improving the reversibility of anode-less sodium metal batteries.
The multiple topological phases in a new family of compounds ACrTe (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs) predicted by first-principles calculations
Authors: Peng Shuaiqi , Wang Qing , Huang Xinliang , Hao Ning
Published: August 2024

We predict a new family of chromium-based compounds ACrTe (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs) with different topological properties by modulating magnetism and stress in three and two dimensions.
Loading polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles to mesoporous hydroxyapatite (HAp) spheres for near infrared (NIR) induced doxorubicin (DOX) drug delivery and colon cancer treatment
Authors: Jin Jiamin , Chen Yujing , Li Houzhong , Xu Yongping , Wang Liyan
Published: August 2024

This study develops hydroxyapatite/polyaniline (HAp/PANI) nanocomposite drug carriers for near-infrared (NIR)-induced delivery, it enhance anticancer efficacy against HCT-116 cells.
Metal–organic frameworks for organic transformations by photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis
Authors: Jin Hong-Guang , Zhao Peng-Cheng , Qian Yunyang , Xiao Juan-Ding , Chao Zi-Sheng , Jiang Hai-Long
Published: August 2024

This review summarizes recent advances on metal–organic framework-based materials for organic transformations by photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.
Charge-induced deformation of scanning electrolyte before contact
Authors: Liu Liang
Published: August 2024

Deformation of liquid and gel electrolytes before touching the sample in SECCM and SGECM: equilibrium does not always exist.
Visible photons for the regioselective nucleophilic ring opening of epoxides
Authors: Bernardoni Beatrice , Di Terlizzi Lorenzo , Galathri Eirini M. , Kokotos Christoforos G. , Fagnoni Maurizio , Protti Stefano
Published: August 2024

Herein, we introduce a visible-light promoted green, metal-free method for the regioselective nucleophilic ring opening of epoxides by exploiting arylazo sulfones as PhotoAcid Generators (PAGs).
Waterborne polymers and coatings from bio-based butenolides
Authors: Jensma Andries , Elders Niels , van den Berg Keimpe J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: August 2024

We report waterborne bio-based butenolide polymers and coatings using high molecular weight polyurethanes as colloid stabilizing moiety.
Microwave-assisted extraction, separation, and chromogenic detection of laced marijuana for presumptive point-of-interdiction testing
Authors: O'Connell Killian C. , Almeida Mariana B. , Nouwairi Renna L. , Costen Emmet T. , Lawless Nicola K. , Charette Maura E. , Stewart Brennan M. , Nixdorf Suzana L. , Landers James P.
Published: August 2024

Presumptive screening of cannabis lacing agents was performed using a centrifugal microdevice compatible with microwave assisted-solid phase extraction. Multicomponent chemometric analysis provided robust discrimination between controlled substances.
Insertion of methylene groups into functional molecules for high thermal stability and superior functionality of single-molecule transistors: a first-principles study
Authors: Furushima Miku , Uemoto Mitsuharu , Yin Dongbao , Izawa Seiichiro , Shintani Ryo , Majima Yutaka , Ono Tomoya
Published: August 2024

By inserting methylene groups at the molecule edges, stable molecule junctions are fabricated.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed [4+1] annulation of a sulfoxonium ylide with allyl alkyl ethers: a detailed theoretical study of the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities with DFT
Authors: Sivakumar Pakkirisamy , Ganesh Pothapragada S. K. Prabhakar , Muthuraja Perumal , Bharanidharan Sarangapani , Anandhan Balasubramaniyan , Rajamohan Rajaram , Kamatchi Subramaniyan
Published: August 2024

The [4+1] annulation of sulfoxonium ylides with allyl ether, catalyzed by Rh(iii), efficiently produces alkyl-substituted indanone with a broad substrate scope and excellent yield.
Solution-phase synthesis of alloyed Ba(Zr1−xTix)S3 perovskite and non-perovskite nanomaterials
Authors: Zilevu Daniel , Miller Kennedi M. , Arrykova Naira , Locke Autumn B. , Creutz Sidney E.
Published: August 2024

Alloyed Ba(Zr1−xTix)S3 nanoparticles are prepared via a solution-phase route. The phase evolution from a chalcogenide perovskite phase at low x to a hexagonal non-perovskite phase at high x is tracked along with changes in the optical properties.
Molten salt-shielded solid-state synthesis (MS5) reaction-driven >99% pure Ti3AlC2 MAX phase: effect of MAX phase purity on the interlayer separation of MXenes and Na-ion storage
Authors: Choudhary Ekta , Manjunath Vishesh , Kalubarme Ramchandra , Jangir Ravindra , Devan Rupesh S.
Published: August 2024

Molten salt-shielded solid-state synthesis (MS5) process delivered high yields of >99% pure MAX phase under ambient conditions, producing MXenes with greater interlayer spacing, an excellent multifunctional 2D materials for energy applications.
Programmable protein delivery from microgel/hydrogel composites (MHCs) via discrete combinations of multi-state protein-loaded unit ingredients
Authors: Chen Longfei , Khan Saif A.
Published: August 2024

Therapeutic proteins have drawn increasing attention in the development of advanced drugs and biomedical devices, yet there are outstanding challenges for the delivery of multiple-protein therapies with customized release profiles.
Recent advances in ionic thermoelectric systems and theoretical modelling
Authors: Jabeen Nazish , Muddasar Muhammad , Menéndez Nicolás , Nasiri Mohammad Ali , Gómez Clara M. , Collins Maurice N. , Muñoz-Espí Rafael , Cantarero Andrés , Culebras Mario
Published: August 2024

This review covers the recent advances of ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) materials which offer a compelling alternative to traditional thermoelectrics due to their excellent ionic thermopower, low thermal conductivity, and abundant material options.
In situ interface reaction-enabled electrochemiluminescence imaging for single-cell formaldehyde release analysis
Authors: Zhou Juanhua , Liu Yang
Published: August 2024

An in situ interface reaction strategy was developed that enabled electrochemiluminescence imaging for single-cell formaldehyde release analysis, which avoids the use of toxic co-reactants and has the advantage of high biocompatibility.
Proportional‐integral‐differential‐inspired acceleration in distributed optimal control strategy for direct current microgrids
Authors: Tao Peng , Sun Shengbo , Guo Wei , Nan Kai , Bai Xinlei , Ding Jianyong
Published: August 2024

A PID‐inspired accelerated distributed optimal control algorithm is proposed for the economic dispatch problem of a multi‐bus DC microgrid, which contains both conventional generators (CGs) and renewable generators (RGs). Firstly, a constrained optimization problem with the aim of minimizing the power generation cost of the DC microgrid is established. To solve the optimization problem, an accelerated distributed optimal control algorithm in the discrete‐time domain is proposed. The convergence speed of the proposed algorithm is significantly improved compared to the existing distributed optimization algorithms without acceleration terms. More importantly, the communication cost is greatly reduced. The proposed algorithm is in a fully distributed manner, which means each controller only relies on the limited information from neighbouring controllers to achieve optimal cooperative control and bus voltage regulation across multiple buses. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through numerical simulations.
DeepAGS: Deep learning with activity, geography and sequential information in predicting an individual's next trip destination
Authors: Qin Zhenlin , Zhang Pengfei , Ma Zhenliang
Published: August 2024

Individual mobility is driven by activities and thus restricted geographically, especially for trip destination prediction in public transport. Existing statistical learning based models focus on extracting mobility regularity in predicting an individual's mobility. However, they are limited in modeling varied spatial mobility patterns driven by the same activity (e.g. an individual may travel to different locations for shopping). The paper proposes a deep learning model with activity, geographic and sequential (DeepAGS) information in predicting an individual's next trip destination in public transport. DeepAGS models the semantic features of activity and geography by using word embedding and graph convolutional network. An adaptive neural fusion gate mechanism is proposed to dynamically fuse the mobility activity and geographical information given the current trip information. Besides, DeepAGS uses the gated recurrent unit to capture the temporal mobility regularity. The approach is validated by using a real‐world smartcard dataset in urban railway systems and comparing with state‐of‐the‐art models. The results show that the proposed model outperforms its peers in terms of accuracy and robustness by effectively integrating the activity and geographical information relevant to a trip context. Also, we illustrate and verify the working mechanism of the DeepAGS model using the synthetic data constructed using real‐world data. The DeepAGS model captures both the activity and geographic information of hidden mobility activities and thus could be potentially applicable to other mobility prediction tasks, such as bus trip destinations and individual GPS locations.
The semantic expression of “a labor”, “an expanse” and “a will” key concepts of the Russian linguistic world view in the poetry of A.V. Koltsov
Authors: Dovletkireeva L.M. , Magomadova A.I.
Published: August 2024

This article demonstrates methodological techniques and fundamentals of anthropological linguistics by means of examples from Russian belletristics. Special attention is paid to the “key” concepts of the Russian linguistic world view, which to the fullest degree accumulate the ethnocultural meanings. Namely, the basic concepts of the Russian linguistic world view “a labor”, “an expanse” and “a will” and their representation in the artistic space of Alexey Vasilyevich Koltsov’s work are analyzed. The authors identify the specifics of the manifestation of the national linguistic world view stable concepts semantics in relation to the individual artistic picture of the world, determine how the concept of “labor” is foregrounded and romanticized in the poetry of A. Koltsov and establish the lexical and semantic field of the concepts “an expanse” and “a will”.
On the cognitive nature of verb transitivity in English
Authors: Gulevich Tatiana
Published: August 2024

The traditional view of the transitivity of a verb as its ability to have a direct complement in the accusative case does not reflect the core essence of this verb characteristic. Therefore, the existing dichotomy of verbs into transitive and non-transitive verbs should be revised with the introduction of additional types of transitivity. The traditional classification of complements into direct, indirect and prepositional also requires a critical reconsideration due to its inconsistency. The study of the properties of English verbs using the methods of cognitive linguistics and through the prism of event theory suggests that only monovalent predicates of action or process are truly non-transitive. All other verbs should be considered transitive. The transitivity of a verb is directly related to the notion of profiling. The profile boundaries of a transitive verb include all participants in the force-dynamic chain, from the agent to the object, which undergoes a complete change of state. A non-transitive verb profiles only the agent as the source of force. Both transitive and non-transitive verbs can display variation of their transitivity characteristics as a result of their meaning evolution, associated with shifting the boundaries of the verb’s profile to represent a new kind of event.
Spiritual and moral search and life philosophy in the work of Musa Akhmadov
Authors: Khazhbikarova M.I. , Khozueva B.S. , Rasumov V.Sh.
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the issues of morality and philosophy of the modern Chechen writer Musa Akhmadov, using the example of several works, and provides an analysis on this topic. Philosophy and morality are the main direction of this writer. The chronology of the publication of the works of this writer is also covered. M. Akhmadov has long conveyed the flavor of the national mentality in his works. He is always with his people and, as a talented writer, it is not difficult for him to convey the positive and negative state of his people. All works of M. Akhmadov are full of moral and philosophical views. This work also examines the chronology of the release of works of art by this author. The text also talks about how M. Akhmadov has long been able to convey the flavor of the national mentality in his works. He is always with his people and, as a talented writer, it is not difficult for him to convey the positive and negative states of his people.
The inner speech of the characters and the speech of the author as an artistically – stylistic device in Sherwood Anderson’s short stories
Authors: Chitao Ludmila , Tlekhatuk Susanna , Khuazheva Zamira , Meretukova Marieta , Naskurova Mariet
Published: August 2024

The paper examines inner speech as an artistically – stylistic device for effectively conveying the thoughts of literary characters. The term “inner speech” is defined. The points of view of prominent linguists and psychologists regarding the issue under discussion are presented. It has been established that this is not only a linguistic device, but also an insufficiently studied psychological phenomenon. Four types of this speech activity are analyzed: direct inner speech, indirect inner speech, author’s narration and free indirect speech. Characteristics of the syntactic structure and lexical content are given. The peculiarities of its use in the short stories of the American writer Sherwood Anderson are analyzed. It is concluded that the use of numerous episodes of inner speech in narratives helps the author to create psychologically reliable images of characters and promotes expressive and stylistic diversity. The use of various methods of inner speech helps the author to establish communicative and psychological contact with the reader and to increase interest in the narrative.
Speech Features of a Character as a Means of Interpreting a Literary Image
Authors: Abdukadyrova Tumisha , Mikhailovskaya Irine
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes lexical and syntactical expressive means used by the authors of literary works in English and German to create characters’ images. Among the most common means is the use of emotionally expressive vocabulary and elements of expressive syntax. Emotional and evaluative vocabulary and syntactical stylistic devices are widely used in English and German Literature as universal notions inherent in human communication, mental activity and speech activity. It has been proven that a deep and complete interpretation of a work, an understanding of the author’s ideas, social and moral meanings are impossible without the analysis of literary images, and this plays an important role in the development and transmission of basic ideas and concepts of a literary work.
The role and functions of a teacher in distance learning
Authors: Kapitonova Nina , Karagodskaya Yulia , Gadakchian Anzhelika
Published: August 2024

Technology, in the year 2020, has attained its utmost use by becoming the solution for people across the world in all sectors. Despite the use of applications like Zoom, Google Meet, Kahoot, and GoogleClassroom, teaching language online has proved to be a challenging task without the presence of a live teacher. This paper aims to throw light on the technological gap and its pace that has not matched the necessity of the period. The analysis of an example from the English Language Teaching will not show what technology lacks in this field, but also serve as a guidance for the developers of future artificially intelligent software and applications. As teaching and computing are two different fields, it is their searchers’ duty to bridge the gap by meticulously explaining the limitations in the currently existing applications and the necessary features in the yet to be developed ones.
Development of teacher communication skills as the basis of pedagogical competence
Authors: Arskieva Zalia Abasovna , Magomedova Zukhra Zelimhavna , Batchaeva Zurida Borisovna
Published: August 2024

In this article we consider the features of the development of a teacher’s communication skills as the basis for the formation of professional competencies. The effectiveness of mastering communication skills is emphasized. The study reflects the results of diagnosing the level of communication abilities and professional competence of the teacher. The work reveals questions about the importance and necessity of developing communication skills, since it is an integral part of solving problems of interaction of any member of society, and in teaching activities it also serves for the formation and development of pedagogical competencies. Different areas of communication skills are considered, including all technologies of communicative influences necessary for effective communication. The empirical study examined ways to develop communication skills in accordance with modern digital technologies.
A triangular—trapezoidal dual-channel shaping algorithm for resistive anode readout systems and its FPGA implementation
Authors: Zhang Wen-Wen , Song Yu-Chao , Zheng Jin-Kun , Yang Yang , Bai Yong-Lin , La An-Peng , Duan Jin-Yao , Zhao Hua , Zhang Yan-Xin , Wang Fang
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a novel digital triangular–trapezoidal double-channel shaping algorithm to enhance the counting rate of resistive anode detectors. The algorithm is based on the trapezoidal shaping algorithm and improves it. At the extreme counting rate, the trapezoidal shaping algorithm cannot alleviate the pulse pileup, so the counting rate cannot meet the requirements of a high performance detector. The triangular–trapezoidal double-channel shaping algorithm is introduced in the resistance anode detector, which can replace the trapezoidal shaping filtering algorithm to process the output signal of the resistance anode detector and obtain the single photon position information. This improvement improves the counting rate of the resistor anode detector and reduces the resolution degradation caused by pulse pileup. The algorithm is simulated by System Generator software and implemented on FPGA (field programmable gate array). The triangular–trapezoidal double-channel shaping algorithm presented in this paper plays an important role in reducing electronic noise and pulse pileup. The algorithm is subjected to simulation testing, and it can recognize signals with a minimum pulse interval of 1 µs and counting rate up to 1000 kcps.
Statistics of punctuation in experimental literature—The remarkable case of Finnegans Wake by James Joyce
Authors: Stanisz Tomasz , Drożdż Stanisław , Kwapień Jarosław
Published: August 2024

As the recent studies indicate, the structure imposed onto written texts by the presence of punctuation develops patterns which reveal certain characteristics of universality. In particular, based on a large collection of classic literary works, it has been evidenced that the distances between consecutive punctuation marks, measured in terms of the number of words, obey the discrete Weibull distribution—a discrete variant of a distribution often used in survival analysis. The present work extends the analysis of punctuation usage patterns to more experimental pieces of world literature. It turns out that the compliance of the the distances between punctuation marks with the discrete Weibull distribution typically applies here as well. However, some of the works by James Joyce are distinct in this regard—in the sense that the tails of the relevant distributions are significantly thicker and, consequently, the corresponding hazard functions are decreasing functions not observed in typical literary texts in prose. Finnegans Wake—the same one to which science owes the word quarks for the most fundamental constituents of matter—is particularly striking in this context. At the same time, in all the studied texts, the sentence lengths—representing the distances between sentence-ending punctuation marks—reveal more freedom and are not constrained by the discrete Weibull distribution. This freedom in some cases translates into long-range nonlinear correlations, which manifest themselves in multifractality. Again, a text particularly spectacular in terms of multifractality is Finnegans Wake.