bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Barriers to Entrepreneurship of Female Household Heads Covered by Tehran Welfare Organization
Authors: Shahmahmoudi Reza , Danesh Parvaneh
Published: May 2015

One of the important tasks of social helpers is empowerment of vulnerable groups. One of these vulnerable groups is female household heads. One of the practices that can help empowering of them is to encourage female household heads to financial independence. Entrepreneurship is something that can lead to financial independence of female household heads. Moreover, entrepreneurship can lead to better mental and social health of this vulnerable group. The first step in empowering female household heads through entrepreneurship is to identify their obstacles and entrepreneurship problems. Because by identification of these barriers it can be done more appropriate measures in order to empower them. So, the aim of the present study is to identify entrepreneurship barriers of female household heads covered by Welfare Organization in Tehran. The method of the current study is survey. The statistical population of this research is all female household heads covered by Welfare Organization in Tehran that 350 of them were selected randomly.In order to collect data in this research, researcher-built questionnaire was used. In this research, the face validity and content aspect of the questionnaire were confirmed and reliability coefficient was obtained 0.81 using Cronbach’s alpha indicating desirable reliability of research questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed through self-creativity and then data were analyzed using SPSS software. Among problems that women encountered with them, the first ten ones are respectively the loss of fund to begin a job, existence of strictly official rules, gender discrimination and ignoring the ability of women by the society and responsible organizations, ignoring women in management affairs, over-concern about paying back the loans, emphasis on having personal fund instead of borrowing it from others, loss of pawn in order to get a loan, lack of proper support by government and governmental organizations, few facilities to begin a job by sponsor organizations, and unsuitable behavior of some organizations due to promotion of male-dominating in the society that statistically meaningful difference in prioritizing of these barriers was seen (p < 0.05). Considering the findings of the current research, the programs in order to support female household heads economically and special facilities for them can provide their entrepreneurship basis. Also, gender discriminations against women especially female household heads can be decreased through acculturating using media and national media. The findings of the current research can be useful for social helpers, sponsor organizations and policymakers in direction of empowering the female household heads.
Social Capital as a Predictor of Delinquency in Adolescent Boys
Authors: Fathi Leila
Published: May 2015

This study aims to investigate the relationship between social capital and delinquency in adolescents. This research has been conducted using a survey. In this research, 400 adolescent boys in Tehran were selected as samples based on the Cochran formula. Data were collected using researcher built-questionnaires. The results showed that with enhancement of social capital, levels of delinquency in adolescent boys decrease. And also by increasing the dimensions of social capital including social participation, social confidence, social support, social solidarity and interrelationships with others the delinquency in adolescent boys decreases and these relationships was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The results of multivariable regression also showed that dimensions of social participation, social confidence, social support, and social solidarity were as predictors of delinquency in adolescent boys (p < 0.001) and by increasing them the levels of delinquency in adolescent boys decreased.
The Laboratory of Mathematics in Primary School: A Practical Approach for Understanding and Learning
Authors: Di Sia Paolo
Published: May 2015

The skills of mathematical nature are currently necessary and fundamental to properly understand and adequately use the increasing amount of scientific and technological knowledge of everyday life. In this work we introduce interesting results of current research about the importance of the connection between the natural intuitive mathematics and the “scholastic mathematics”, putting it on a motivating and meaningful basis for the students already by the first year of primary school. To do this, a didactics of laboratory is useful, i.e. a practical approach for better understanding and using the formal approach. Through the mathematics laboratory it is possible to create activities, which support the transition from intuitive notions and early elementary operational levels to more advanced forms of thought. The laboratory of mathematics is understood both as physical place and as a moment in which the child is active, discusses and argues their own choices, does experimentation and learns how to collect data and to compare them with the models. In conclusion some examples of mathematics laboratory activities for the first primary class are also given.
The Identity of the Political Language, Compared to other Types of Language
Authors: Mocanu Mihaela
Published: May 2015

The existence of a political language implies recognising a stability of the linguistic code, outside the concrete situations of communication. Anyone who listens to the speech of a politician ascertains that he uses particular wording and phrases, manifests fondness for specific topics, makes appeal to a specific rhetoric, employs an adequate intonation, all aimed at facilitating the achievement of his objectives. The audience recognises immediately this type of language, which means that the political language has a distinctive identity, at the level of the content and of the expression as well, compared to the other types of language, even if, often, it valorises the contents and the expressions specific to these languages. In our study, we present a contrastive analysis of the political language, compared to other types of language (scientific, philosophical, religious, legal, artistic), aimed at identifying the defining notes, but also the convergence area that exist among them.
Investigating the Concept of Despair and its Relation with Sin in Kierkegaard's View
Authors: Tabatabaee Mina
Published: May 2015

This paper attempts to explain the Kierkegaard's view concerning despair and its relation with sin. This paper is based on the book "Sickness unto death" by Kierkegaard which is in his opinion beside the book "Fear and trembling" is the most important of his works wherein a full explanation of human despair is provided. To explain despair, it is necessary for the root cause and origin of this despair to be first addressed that in the Kierkegaard, it is the very personal alienation and his absorption in the society. For this purpose, first an explanation of this origin and the main role the self-assumes in this regard are addressed. Later, despair arising from a bidirectional relation of the self-is dealt with and then the greatest sin which is despair is investigated.
Customer Lifetime Value Analysis to Profitability Management: A Framework to Strategic Marketing
Authors: Safari Mohammad
Published: May 2015

The more a marketing paradigm evolves, the more long-term relationship with customers gains its importance. Nowadays most of corporations and firms in the world, including manufacturers and servicers, increasingly gain their incomes and profits through constructing and maintaining long-term relationship with customers. The move towards a customer-centered approach to marketing, coupled with the increasing availability of customer transaction data, has led to an interest in understanding and estimating customer lifetime value (CLV). Furthermore as marketing endeavours to be more accountable, the need of tools and models for measuring and evaluating efforts and investments that accomplish in marketing extent, is felt. This research aimed to present a framework to analysis customer lifetime value in order to strategic marketing practices.
Content Analysis of the Sixth-Grade Book of “Thought and Research” Based on Curriculum Criteria (Philosophy for Children)
Authors: Yakhchalian Fatemeh , Khorrami Naser Seraj
Published: May 2015

This study aims to achieve a level of training categories (Philosophy for Children) on the content of thought and research sixth-grade book published in 2013. Studies were carried out according to the method of application and descriptive data collection, in which data was collected by content analysis method. Data collection tools in the study are checklists of teaching philosophy to children program criteria, including four concepts (reasoning, conceptualization, judgment and wisdom) and sixteen sub-components. In this study, analysis basis was sentences, paragraphs and questions on the content of the studied book. Due to the limited size of the population, the ‘sample population’ was selected. The descriptive analysis methods (frequency, percentage and mean tables) were used for analyzing the findings. The results showed that the authors have paid more attention to some components of teaching philosophy to children, such as links between concepts, reality representation, cognition, inductive and deductive methods, application of criteria, difference, similarity, and decentralization and less attention to some components such as benchmarking, consistent beliefs and behaviors, true-heartedness and good deeds, faith to good words and deeds, and knowing the truth.
Investigating the Urban Density on Social Relations
Authors: Motalebi Ghasem , Jalalian Askar , Modiri Atosa , Yazdani Zahra
Published: May 2015

In modern cities, with changes occurring in the urban environments the social behaviors of the residents have been affected. Some of the changes have weakened social behaviors, while others have reinforced them, such that they impose new social roles on their own residents. According to various perspectives in relation with the urban density (environmental factors), such factors have had an undeniable impact on social relations (social behavior). Also, distinguishing the urban density into two dimensions of constructional and demographic density, the question that arises is: what relation is there between the urban density and social relations?. In the present research, using the document and survey methods and also using a questionnaire for assessing the extent of social communications (residents of the Kashanak neighborhood) information needed was collected. Using the Pearson correlation tests method, data obtained were analyzed and in the end, the results indicated that the intensity of the correlation between the urban density and social relations was low and the type of impact of the constructional and demographic density on social relations was different, so that the impacts of the demographic density was consistent while that of the constructional density was inconsistent. In the end, given the fact the impact mentioned was low but it is non-negligible and it should be attended to in urban planning as an affective factor.
Jurisdiction of Iranian Courts to Deal with Civil Lawsuits against Foreign States
Authors: Haddadi Mahdi
Published: May 2015

The principle of immunity of state and their property from foreign state courts is a natural consequence of the adoption of the principle of equal sovereignty of states in the International law and the international community. The principle, except with the consent of a state and outside the exceptions generally accepted in international practice, prevents domestic courts to exercise jurisdiction over a foreign state or their property. However, some countries contrary to the exceptions have taken some steps to violate the principle of state immunity through legislative and judicial measures. In this regard, the Iranian government has been the subject of numerous lawsuits in Federal courts of the United States through which it has been sentenced in absentia to pay more than $ 12 billion. "Thelaw of Jurisdiction of the Justice of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Deal with Civil Lawsuits against Foreign States" is countermeasures to deal with the government violated the immunity of the Iranian government or its officials. Regardless of the many conceptual objections on this law, the act is in place to respond to a political rival with strong political incentives and without approaching to the foundations and the concepts of immunity of the state and adopting a clear stance against it. Thus, despite the adoption of this countermeasure, unfortunately, the Iranian government lacks a coherent formulated policy on the subject of the state immunity and in particular on how to deal with the governments violated its immunity.
An Analitical Extended Book Review - S. Frunză: Advertising Constructs Reality (2014)
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan , Teodorescu Mirela
Published: May 2015

As communication axis, communication philosophy interrogates the idea that in postmodern society communication constructs reality. The philosopher is called to achieve a new synthesis, between philosophy and media communication, to assume the condition of man of media communication. Media has a decisive influence in relation to the constitution of reality in post-modern consciousness. Communication is related to relationships, to construct interhuman relationships, changing the attitudes of the other, decisions or behavior of others, the perceptions of reality and action according to the requirements of this perception. Secularization as a positive value of modernity does not eliminate the presence of the sacred in modern political imaginary also from communication. Advertising is by exellence the bearer of a deep dimension of reality construction as art of seduction, persuasion, communication. “Advertising constructs reality”, professor Sandu Frunza’s book, published in 2014 by Tritonic Publishing, Bucharest, represents a high level analisys and point out the “reality construction” through advertising as a communication mean of regaining authenticity. Storing an imaginary universe, which allows for the sacred to be manifest in the life of postmodern man, advertising supports the human being in its self-quest through reaching harmony with the surrounding things, with other people and with the world. Advertising is not a new form of religion, even though several of its aspects could be said to be displaying religious dimensions. “We can, says Sandu Frunza, however, state generically that advertising ultimately lodges posmodern man’s religious creativity. In this way, advertising does not propose to challenge or oppose in any fashion the traditional religious patterns of interpreting and living within our world. Instead, it supplies a complementary authenticity, one matching man’s status in a communication-based society”. Advertising offers an alternative view on the world, man and man’s own choice to act coherently upon this view.
A Study of Carter’s Wolf_Alice Based on Showalter’s Gynocriticism
Authors: Nouri Azadeh , Aziz Mohammadi Fatemeh
Published: May 2015

One of the most radical and stylish fiction authors of the 20th century, Angela Carter, expresses her views of feminism through her various novels and fairy tales. Carter began experimenting with writing fairy tales in 1970, which coincided with the period of second wave feminism in the Unites States. The majority of Angela Carter’s work revolve around a specific type of feminism, radical libertarian feminism and her critique of the patriarchal role that have been placed on women. In this article, the main concentrate is on heroine’s internalized consciousness which echoes in their behavior. All of the female protagonists in carter’s short stories; such as The Company of Wolves, and Werewolf and mainly in Wolf_Alice have similar characteristics with different conditions, in which they are represented in a very negative light with less than ideal roles. In these stories, the protagonist is a young girl who has many conflicts with love and desire. Carter attempts to encourage women to do something about this degrading representation.
Faye: A 14-Year Old Gifted Disabled Girl and how she Overcame her Learning Disabilities - Prologue: Characteristics of Gifted Families Seeking Counseling
Authors: David Hanna
Published: May 2015

Most parents meeting me for counseling regarding their gifted children share some common characteristics. 1. They are usually of middle- and upper middle-class socio-economic status, but by no means rich. Both parents are salaried employees, and those who are not, have their own private lawyers', accountants', doctors', physical- or mental health professionals companies or businesses; 2. A very high percentage of the parents are professionals in education, counseling, or psychology. When not, they are well-read in child development, educational psychology, sociology, education in general and education of the gifted in particular; 3. Almost all families have at least 2 children; the majority are 3-child families and the minority – 4-child families. A high rate of the fathers are married for the second time; in most of these cases the father has children from his former marriage as well; 4. I am almost never the first priority as a counselor of the parents. Quite often I am perceived by them as the last resort, after at least one other intervention – in some cases after three or even four other trials. In some of these cases, especially after long, unsuccessful interventions, it is not easy to convince the child to meet me after such disappointments. 5. In spite of the fact that many parents of gifted girls and adolescent females approach me either by telephone or by mail, for example: 36 in the year 2014 (see David, in press), they almost never make an appointment for a counseling session, and when they do – they cancel it quite frequently. Even when a family with a gifted family makes it for the counseling session, it rarely wishes to start treatment. This is quite puzzling, taking into account the fact that the problems of many of these girls are severe; for example: in 2014 all children and adolescents threatening to commit suicide were made by girls, while only one girl started treatment with me – a 6-year old adorable girl who was not in any danger whatsoever. As for boys – because of time limitation I can have less than one third of the candidates for intervention.
Suzanne Collins’ Hunger Games and the Society of the Spectacle
Authors: Sasani Samira , Darayee Marjan
Published: May 2015

The theory of spectacle is introduced by Guy Debord in his famous book The Society of Spectacle. Debord presents the society of Spectacle as a mere representation of seemingly real images which is used by the capital for its own good. Spectacle consists of images such as games, entertainments or television shows which are political tools in the hands of the Capitol to stabilize its power. In fact, by applying these images through different exciting entertainments and shows, the Capitol disperses people more and destroys their unity so that people cannot be united to rebel against the Capitol’s power. This paper tries to apply the theory of spectacle to Suzanne Collin’s Hunger Games and as the title of the novel is very telling of itself, it revolves around the annual event of Hunger Games connoting the starvation of the poor people in the twelve districts and the Capitol. The setting of this novel is Panem which is shown as a dystopia because of its misusing of the modern technologies which are much more developed than our own so that people’s mind will be entrapped within the images produced by these technologies. This research tries to prove that the city of Panem, with its governor President Snow, well represents the society of spectacle. This paper shows the influence of such a society on the poor people of these districts and the way they overcome President Snow.
A Cultural Study of Social Disagreement Strategies by Iranian EFL Male and Female Learners
Authors: Salehipour Bavarsad Samira , Simin Shahla
Published: May 2015

The speech act of disagreement is one of the neglected areas of research in the Iranian context. This study seeks to investigate the ways in which this act is expressed by young male and female Persian speakers. To collect the data 100 participants (50 males, 50 females,) were selected randomly from among undergraduate and graduate students of University of Isfahan and Islamic Azad University (Najafabad branch). The focus of this study was the role that gender and power might play in the employment of strategies to mitigate the threat of the act of disagreement. Students were asked to complete a discourse completion test (DCT) designed by the researcher. They were supposed to read nine situations, and react to them via making disagreements. Respondents were expected to disagree with three interlocutors with higher status, three peers and three with lower status. In order to analyze the utterances of disagreement, Muntigl and Turnbull’s taxonomy (1998) was employed. The results revealed that although both males and females were concerned about the power status of interlocutors and try to apply the appropriate strategies while expressing their disagreements, females were more cautious.
Effect of Mentorship Program on Mentees’ Psychosocial Development
Authors: Ismail Azman , Abdullah Nor’ain , Ridzwan Ahmad Azan , Wan Ibrahim Wan Nur Ain , Ismail Yusof
Published: May 2015

The study investigates the role of mentorship in enhancing mentees’ psychosocial development. It utilized self-administered questionnaires completed by undergraduate military students at a public higher learning institution in Malaysia. The outcomes of SmartPLS path model analysis revealed two important findings: firstly, communication insignificantly correlated with psychosocial development. Secondly, support significantly correlated with psychosocial development. The results confirm that communication does not act as an important determinant of mentees’ psychosocial development. However, support does act as an important psychosocial development in the studied organization. This paper also provides discussion, implications and conclusion.
Political Practice of Literary Analysis: How to Read Literature more Closely
Authors: Khaghaninejad Mohammad Saber
Published: May 2015

The development of literary/textual analysis is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary; inter-textual, historically and socially-aware, and politically-motivated critical practices. This study is an attempt to show how literary/textual analyses are relied on a number of interrelated, competing and methodological political arrangements. In brief, this article is an account of the development of critically and politically-aware practices of literary analysis and implicitly inculcate that how literary analysis can be done employing political interpretations. Hence, some key concepts for critical practice of literary analysis such as interdiscourse, intertextuality, ideology negotiation and feminist/political criticisms of literature are investigated. Finally, an example of a politically committed analysis of literature is provided to show how theoretical foundations function in practice.
The Relationship of Psychological Hardiness with Work Holism
Authors: Khaledian Mohamad , Hasanvand Banafshe , Pour Sohrab Hassan
Published: May 2015

Background and Aim: Present research intends to investigate relationship of psychological hardiness with work holism among high school teachers. Methods: The under study society includes all male and female high school teacher in Ghorveh city in the academic year 2012-2013. Using simple random sampling method, a sample size of 100 male and female teachers was selected. To collect data, Kobassa Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire and Aghabeigi Workaholics Questionnaire were employed. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test and regression analysis) were used. Results: The findings indicated that there is negative and significant relationship between the variables psychological hardiness and work holism. In addition, there is association between gender and psychological hardiness and between gender and work holism, also the constituents of psychological hardiness (commitment, control and challenge) are able to predict work holism.
The Relationship between Economic Growth and Human Capital in Developing Countries
Authors: Mehrara Mohsen , Musai Maysam
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates the causal relationship between education and GDP in developing countries by using panel unit root tests and panel cointegration analysis for the period 1970-2010. A three-variable model is formulated with capital formation as the third variable. The results show a strong causality from investment and economic growth to education in these countries. Yet, education does not have any significant effects on GDP and investment in short- and long-run. It means that it is the capital formation and GDP that drives education in mentioned countries, not vice versa. So the findings of this paper support the point of view that it is higher economic growth that leads to higher education proxy. It seems that as the number of enrollments raise, the quality of the education declines. Moreover, the formal education systems are not market oriented in these countries. This may be the reason why huge educational investments in these developing countries fail to generate higher growth. By promoting practice-oriented training for students particularly in technical disciplines and matching education system to the needs of the labor market, it will help create long-term jobs and improve the country’s future prospects.
Corporate Crime Does Pay! The Relationship between Financial Crime and Imprisonment in White-Collar Crime
Authors: Gottschalk Petter , Glasø Lars
Published: May 2015

White-collar crime is financial crime committed by white-collar criminals. Sensational white-collar crime cases regularly appear in the international business press and studies in journals of ethics and crime. Many of these scholars apply anecdotal evidence to suggest what might be included and what might be excluded from the concepts of white-collar crime and white-collar criminals. On contrast, with a larger sample, we can study white-collar crime convictions using statistical techniques to identify relationships between variables. For example, it has been suggested that the amount involved in the crime (fraud, corruption, etc.) is an important factor when the judge decides the length of the prison sentence. In our sample of 255 criminal cases we identified 88 corporate criminals and 167 occupational criminals. Age when convicted was 47 years for occupational criminals and 49 years for corporate criminals. Furthermore, occupational criminals served 2.2 years in prison, while corporate criminals served only 2.1 years. This is particularly interesting, when the amount of money that was involved in the crime is taken into account. While occupational criminals on average abused 26 million Norwegian kroner, corporate criminals on average abused as much as 121 million Norwegian kroner. So, even if the magnitude of the financial crime in terms of money was substantially and significantly larger for corporate crime, occupational crime was nevertheless judged more severely in terms of imprisonment.
The Sublime in Don DeLillo’s Mao II
Authors: Behrooz Niloufar , Pirnajmuddin Hossein
Published: May 2015

The world that DeLillo’s characters live in is often portrayed with an inherent complexity beyond our comprehension, which ultimately leads to a quality of woe and wonder which is characteristic of the concept of the sublime. The inexpressibility of the events that emerge in DeLillo’s fiction has reintroduced into it what Lyotard calls “the unpresentable in presentation itself” (PC 81), or to put it in Jameson’s words, the “postmodern sublime” (38). The sublime, however, appears in DeLillo’s fiction in several forms and it is the aim of this study to examine these various forms of sublimity. It is attempted to read DeLillo’s Mao II in the light of theories of the sublime, drawing on figures like Burke, Kant, Lyotard, Jameson and Zizek. In DeLillo’s novel, it is no longer the divine and magnificent in nature that leads to a simultaneous fear and fascination in the viewers, but the power of technology and sublime violence among other things. The sublime in DeLillo takes many different names, ranging from the technological and violent to the hollow and nostalgic, but that does not undermine its essential effect of wonder; it just means that the sublime, like any other phenomenon, has adapted itself to the new conditions of representation. By drawing on the above mentioned theorists, therefore, the present paper attempts to trace the notion of sublimity in DeLillo's Mao II, to explore the transformation of the concept of the sublime under the current conditions of postmodernity as depicted in DeLillo’s fiction.
Social Ideas in Poetry of Four Female Contemporary Poet (Parvin Etesami, Forough Farokhzad, Tahereh Safarzadeh and Simin Behbahani)
Authors: Izadyar Mohsen , AzizMohammadi Fatemeh
Published: May 2015

This artile with social view point is going to study the social thought of Forough’s poem, specially based of female, freedom, tradition and modernity. It focuses on these features of Forough’s poem from a different point of view towards social issues. This article studies the social meanings of Forough’s poem that are specialized for her. It tries to show the feminism poem which is unique in Iran. After these survey, the article tries to assert that Forough Frokhzad is the most social female poet in Iran; Forough with her courage and boldness used a kind of norm breaking through her poems and speak about social issues. So she could omit some of taboos that belongs to feminine society in Iran.
The Causality between Education and GDP Growth in Asian Countries
Authors: Mehrara Mohsen , Musai Maysam
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates the causal relationship between education and GDP in 40 Asian countries by using panel unit root tests and panel cointegration analysis for the period 1970-2010. A three-variable model is formulated with capital formation as the third variable. The results show a strong causality from investment and economic growth to education in these countries. Yet, education does not have any significant effects on GDP and investment in short- and long-run. It means that it is the capital formation and GDP that drives education in mentioned countries, not vice versa. So the findings of this paper support the point of view that it is higher economic growth that leads to higher education proxy. It seems that as the number of enrollments raise, the quality of the education declines. Moreover, the formal education systems are not market oriented in these countries. This may be the reason why huge educational investments in these developing countries fail to generate higher growth. By promoting practice-oriented training for students particularly in technical disciplines and matching education system to the needs of the labor market, it will help create long-term jobs and improve the country’s future prospects.
Survey of Love and Marriage in Janette Oke’s Fictions
Authors: Mirenayat Sayyed Ali , Soofastaei Elaheh
Published: May 2015

Love is a responsibility in being fond of others that is higher than a desire of friendship, for sure. It is something more than overcoming our loneliness, though human needs a power to escape from his loneliness. As a social being, human requires others to live, especially in opposite sex. In Janette Oke’s novels, the nature and meaning of love is the common path in choosing a life partner for marriage. In her view, marital love is a main principle in transcending human life. In her novels, when pure love happens in which we love somebody honestly without expecting reciprocation. In such relationship, the lover can only adjust his behaviors to show the message of love. Oke tries to show that the romantic love is the basis of the most extreme pleasure that our life needs.
The Gifted Disabled Student in the Regular and the Special Classroom
Authors: David Hanna
Published: May 2015

The term "special education" is used, in most cases, for the education of children with learning disabilities, emotional problems, behavioral difficulties, severe physical limitations, or difficulties related to low cognitive abilities. "Gifted education", on the other hand, is used for educating the more able, children with high learning ability or special talents, creative children or children who had achieved highly in school-related or any other area, such as chess, music, painting, etc.However, many gifted children belong to both categories. Some suffer from problems or irregularities unrelated to their giftedness, for example – learning disabilities (e.g. dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, ADHD), or physical limitations, such as hearing loss, blindness, or paralysis. Some have to deal with issues directly or indirectly connected to their giftedness. For example: social acceptance has to do with conforming to the classroom norms, speaking about subjects considered age-appropriate, or being careful not to use "high level" vocabulary. A gifted child might find it difficult to participate in activities he or she has no interest in, not expressing feelings or ideas because they might seem odd to the peers, or thinking before using any rare or unconventional word or expression. A gifted child who is bored in the classroom might adopt behaviors such as abstention from activities, daydreaming or becoming the "classroom clown" and disturbing the teachers with voice-making, making jokes at others' expense or even at the teacher's. Such behaviors – not necessary a result of the child's giftedness but related to it – lead, in many cases, to labeling the child as "badly adjusted", "socially misfit", "isolated", or the like.In this article I intend to describe the social and the educational difficulties the gifted child has to deal with in the regular as well as in the gifted classroom and present techniques which might help overcoming them. I will present in detail four , all gifted with either learning disabilities or emotional problems, and the successful interventions they had gone through until reaching reasonable results.
The Impact of Work-Life Balance on Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention; the Moderating Role of Continuance Commitment
Authors: Fayyazi Marjan , Aslani Farshad
Published: May 2015

Work-life imbalance has several negative impacts on employees’ attitudes and behaviors and consequently influences organizations’ performance and effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of work-life balance (WLB) on employees’ job satisfaction and turnover intention. Moreover, we study the moderating role of continuance commitment on job satisfaction – turnover intention relationship. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data collected from 265 questionnaires completed by employees in an Iranian industrial company. The findings supported that WLB has a significant positive relationship with job satisfaction, and a significant negative relationship with turnover intention. Besides, job satisfaction fully mediates the WLB – turnover intention relationship. The main contribution of the paper is that we found continuance commitment moderates the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Therefore, employees with low levels of WLB and job satisfaction do not necessary have high turnover intention, unless they have low continuance commitment
In the Importance of EFL Learners' Writing Skill: Is there any Relation between Writing Skill and Content Score of English Essay Test?
Authors: Hosseini Monirosadat , Taghizadeh Mohamad Ehsan , Abedin Mohamad Jafre Zainol , Naseri Elham
Published: May 2015

Achievement test scores are used to diagnose strengths, weaknesses, and a basis for awarding prizes, scholarship, or degrees. They are also used in evaluating the influences of course of study, teachers, teaching methods, and other factors considered to be significant in educational practice. Still, sometimes there is a gap in the score of essay tests and the existing knowledge of examinees. In the present study, the relationship between writing skill and the academic achievement of Iranian EFL students was examined to find a logical connection between them. The results of four final exams as content scores were examined and scored again in term of writing ability in analytical scoring scheme according to IELTS criteria. Then the average of two sets of scores calculated by two raters was compared with content scores of the same tests. The results showed that correlation between content score of all students and their writing skills is meaningful at 0.01 level of significance. The results showed that there is a strong relationship between EFL students' degree of content score and their writing skill.
Characteristics of Housing in Rural Villages: The Case Northeastern Montenegro
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: May 2015

The paper analyzes the basic characteristics of housing in rural areas of northeastern Montenegro, based on examples from Berane, Andrejevica and Plav. People in rural areas northeastern of Montenegro are in accordance with their modest lifestyle, built by the simple but functional living quarters. The chronology of the type of housing facilities is differentiated into morphological types of permanent residence: primitive forms of human habitats (dugouts - cave dwellings, semi dugouts); a more perfect forms of habitats (cottage) and contemporary residential facilities. Today, although of old houses in the rural area of northeastern Montenegro is not much else, nevertheless we can realize, what is the national builder was important in their construction. The tendency to revive the good old and functional forms of housing in rural areas of northeastern Montenegro today is fortunately more and more present. More and more people are that want to the existing old house renovation, both in regards to tradition, as well with oneself but appear and new architectural forms, which are inspired by the national architecture. What is required is a symbiosis of positive and negative forms and phenomena, which have to be that, pull out to light the strictly scientific analysis. Functional analysis of accelerated would stylistic synthesis the positive from the past and the negative the present.
Attributed Metagraph Modelling to Design Business Process Security Management
Authors: Mukherjee Debiprasad
Published: May 2015

Cross organizational process flow is having increasing importance as organizational focus is ooffshoring & outsourcing to develop complex business processes. Utilizing the development otelecommunications frameworks, IT systems are fundamental to collaborating and distributinbusiness processes for both internal as well as external business units. But, this increased dependenexists in an ecosystem of increasing threats to information security along with market sensitivity anregulatory power. Based on recent process flow studies, we explore application of attributmetagraph representation to evaluate process security. Utilizing examples of both risk-analysis andimpact-mitigation, we reveal the effectiveness of attributed metagraph for business process analysMetagraph-based model helps in analysis of as-is processes as well as offers normative direction fprocess remodelling.
Favela’s as the Total Institutions Particular Type
Authors: Borowski Andrzej
Published: May 2015

Favela is a place in the social space which is generating amongst their residents staying features typical of persons in total institutions. In Polish reality are functionings three favel’s kinds – post- PGR housing estates, high-rise block housing estates, workers' districts and the poor districts. Living people in favelas can't see the link between the hard work and the internal development. Such people usually want achieve socially not having accepted cells of accepted socially agents of their accomplishment, i.e. the education, the network of contacts, the classification and financial means. He remains the exit R. Merton’s form of the innovative adaptation.
Correct I or I Don’t Correct myself: Corrective Feedback on EFL Students Writing
Authors: Meihami Hussein , Meihami Bahram
Published: May 2015

The hot debate is in progress between giving corrective feedback (CF) to students to promote their writing ability and accuracy or not giving CF. This kind of dilemma that might be caused by the controversial researches that published over the last 20 years baffled teachers about giving or not giving the CF. After Truscott, J. (1996) gave a case against grammar correction in L2 writing classes and Ferris, D.R. (1999) gave a case for grammar correction the question got tougher. The essence of this experimental investigation is to explain giving written CF to the EFL students writing. For the purpose of this study, 160 EFL students of Azad University participated in an extracurricular course; there were three experimental groups and a control group. After the results were manifested, it was cleared that giving corrective feedback should be considered as a productive way in improving EFL students writing.
“Shami” A Public Life Narrator
Authors: Yousefi Hadi , Moradi Ayoob
Published: May 2015

The public life of people in most cases are among forgotten parts of the Persian literature; in other words, most of the poets because of their too much attention to the kings and their actions and behaviors, followed by their disconnection with the inferior class of the society, have rarely composed poems on the public life of the people. The constitutional revolution to a great extent shifted this balance in favor of the public. In this paper, the anthology of the Kurdish blind poet “Shami” - which deals with the poor class of the society and the issues relating to it from a linguistic and thematic perspective - has been investigated and on the basis of the issues that embody most in the anthology, the poems relating to the public life have been categorized into four groups: 1. Life appliances and equipment, 2.Number of people, 3. Speech and 4. Customs and etiquette. This investigation showed that Shami is a poet that understands the pains and woes of the people and tries through an eloquent language to express pains and sufferings of his own class in a poetic form, offering it to the public. Hence, he can be called a social poet as such
CALL in the Form of Simulation Games: Teaching English Vocabulary and Pronunciation through Sims
Authors: Meihami Hussein , Meihami Bahram , Varmaghani Zeinab
Published: May 2015

When discussing the current state of art with regard to the use of new technologies in foreign and second language learning one thing is blinking sharply: Simulation Games. Simulator games have prepared a great pedagogical context for young sailors and mariners. The importance of creating pedegugical context for sailors and mariners to learn English as a second or foreign language is the essence of this study. Simulation games show potential not just for engaging and entertaining users, but also in promoting language learning. In this research we survey the effect of simulation Games on sailor and mariners’ English vocabulary and pronunciation learning of Khoramshahr Navy University. The results clearly showed that these kinds of games have a significant impact of learners, especially when they learn English as ESP like the sailors and mariners.
Implications of Application of Brain-Computer Interfaces in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Mikołajewska Emilia , Mikołajewski Dariusz
Published: May 2015

Disorders of consciousness belong to the most severe impairments, especially in patients with neurological deficits. Scientists look for novel solution making the breakthrough in contemporary approaches to aforementioned patients. Article aims at assessment of medical, social, economical and ethical result of introduction brain-computer interfaces to the diagnosis and therapy in patients with disorders of consciousness.
Pestis (Yersinia pestis) - As Biological Weapons
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr
Published: May 2015

Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a type of bacterium. It is believed to have been responsible for plagues of the early 1300s. More accurately, it is a Gram-negative rod-shaped coccobacillus. It is a facultative anaerobe that can infect humans and other animals. Human Y. pestis infection takes three main forms: pneumonic, septicemic, and bubonic plagues. All three forms are widely believed to have been responsible for a number of high-mortality epidemics throughout human history, including the Justinianic Plague of the sixth century and the Black Death that accounted for the death of at least one-third of the European population between 1347 and 1353. It has now been shown conclusively that these plagues originated in rodent populations in China. More recently, Y. pestis has gained attention as a possible biological warfare agent and the CDC has classified it as a category A pathogen requiring preparation for a possible terrorist attack. Every year, thousands of cases of plague are still reported to the World Health Organization, although, with proper treatment, the prognosis for victims is now much better. A five- to six-fold increase in cases occurred in Asia during the time of the Vietnam war, possibly due to the disruption of ecosystems and closer proximity between people and animals. Plague also has a detrimental effect on non-human mammals. In the United States of America, animals such as the black-tailed prairie dog and the endangered black-footed ferret are under threat from the disease.
Calibración y aplicación de un modelo de erosión y dinámica del carbono (SPEROS-C) a doce pequeñas cuencas del sureste español
Authors: Nadeu E. , Van Oost Kristof , Vente Joris de , Boix-Fayos Carolina
Published: May 2015

Este trabajo presenta una nueva metodologia para la estimacion de la conectividad de sedimentos a escala de cuenca. El indice propuesto CCI (Indice de Conectividad de Cuenca), se basa en la combinacion de factores en un entorno SIG que condicionan la conectividad de sedimentos en diferentes elementos (laderas, subcuencas, cauces) que componen el sistema fluvial. Los factores evaluados en el modelo son la capacidad de transporte en laderas (TC), la eficiencia como trampa de diques de retencion de sedimentos (TE), la presencia de barreras geomorfologicas (GF), las condiciones del flujo (FC) y la capacidad de transporte de los cauces (SP). Aplicamos este indice en la cuenca del Alto Taibilla (314 km2) (SE de Espana) para distintos escenarios de uso del suelo (1956 y 2006) y de manejo (diques de retencion de sedimentos). Esta cuenca ha sufrido importantes cambios de cobertura en los ultimos 50 anos. El intenso proceso de abandono agricola y la implantacion de reforestaciones y diques de retencion de sedimentos han causado un importante impacto en la dinamica de exportacion de sedimentos de la cuenca. El CCI permite identificar que elementos del paisaje tienen un mayor impacto en la (des)conectividad de sedimentos a escala de cuenca. Los resultados muestran una reduccion importante de la conectividad del 76% entre 1956 y 2006. Sin embargo, se observa que los diques de retencion de sedimentos solo contribuyen a esta reduccion en un 3%. Los cambios de uso del suelo provocan un impacto elevado en la reduccion de la conectividad de sedimentos, salvo en sectores muy localizados con fuertes pendientes, o bien con el desarrollo de la agricultura junto a los principales cauces de la red de drenaje. El CCI resulta un metodo contrastado de facil aplicacion que puede ser utilizado para realizar analisis espacio-temporales de la conectividad de sedimentos en areas con alteraciones naturales y antropicas.