bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucose Lowering Effect of Basil Leaves in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Widjaja Sry Suryani , Rusdiana - , Savira Maya
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: The incidence of diabetes and its complications has risen since the last decades, and it has been predicted that the prevalence of diabetes will be double in the coming year. Chronic hyperglycemia marked as elevated advanced glycation end products plays an important role in complications of diabetes. Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) originating from India and commonly found in Southeast Asia, is widely used empirically to decrease the blood sugar in diabetic patients.
AIM: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of extract ethanol of Basil leaves in diabetic rats.
METHODS: This is an experimental study; Streptozotocin was used to induce type 2 diabetic rats. Thirty Wistar male rats were divided into six groups (normal group, group treated with metformin 45 mg/kg body weight, group treated with Basil leaves 100 mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight, 400 mg/kg body weight, control diabetic group). The blood glucose level was measured before induction and after treatment at week 1 and 4. Advanced glycation end products were measured in all groups at week 4.
RESULTS: Extract ethanol of basil leaves 100, 200, 400 mg/body weight all showed significant lowering blood glucose level (p < 0.001) compared to diabetic group without treatment, but did not show superior to metformin group (p = 0.17), advanced glycation end products did not show statistical significance between group with normal rats and group of diabetic rats treated with basil leaves 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg (p = 0.12, p = 0.33, p = 0.26).
CONCLUSION: Extract ethanol of basil leaves showed good results in lowering blood glucose and advanced glycation end products in diabetic rats.
Efficacy of Albendazole and Mebendazole With or Without Levamisole for Ascariasis and Trichuriasis
Authors: Anto Endy Juli , Nugraha Sony Eka
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Helminthiasis in school-aged children potentially causing physical growth and intellectual development retardation. Trichuriasis was the most common type of helminthiasis in children.
AIM: To investigated the efficacy and side effects of albendazole, albendazole combined with levamisole and mebendazole combined with levamisole for trichuriasis and ascariasis.
METHODS: This study was conducted as a double-blind, randomised clinical trial by comparing the efficacy and side effects of albendazole, albendazole combined with levamisole and mebendazole combined with levamisole for trichuriasis. The sample of this study were 180 elementary school students at Deli Serdang Regency State Elementary School, Medan, Indonesia. The study was conducted from April to June 2015.
RESULT: The cure rate of helminthiasis on the 7th day was 81.7% after albendazole therapy, 88.3% after albendazole levamisole therapy, and 83.3% after mebendazole combined with levamisole therapy (p = 0.577). Cure rate on the 14th day was 88.3%, 95%, and 91.7% for albendazole, albendazole combined with levamisole, and mebendazole combined with levamisole therapy, respectively (p = 0.418). On the 21th day, the cure rate was 88.3%, 96.7%, and 91.7% (p = 0.230). Combination of albendazole and levamisole showed the highest cure rate, despite the statistically insignificant difference for all groups (p > 0.05). Combination of albendazole combined with levamisole showed better cure rate for mild trichuriasis (95.8%) than albendazole therapy (46.2%) and mebendazole combined with levamisole (83.3%), (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Single-dose albendazole, a combination of albendazole and levamisole, and a combination of mebendazole and levamisole had similar efficacy in reducing egg count in helminthiasis. Combination of albendazole and levamisole showed better cure rate for mild trichuriasis and mixed infections. Side effects were similar in all treatment groups.
Seluang Fish (Rasbora Spp.) Oil Decreases Inflammatory Cytokines Via Increasing Vitamin D Level in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Partan Radiyati Umi , Hidayat Rachmat , Saputra Nurwan , Rahmayani Febry , Prapto Hari , Yudha Timotius Wira
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder mediated by inflammatory cytokines. Decreasing vitamin D levels is a common feature in SLE patients. Vitamin D has the capacity in suppressing inflammatory cascade. Seluang fish (Rasbora spp.) contained a high level of vitamin D with the potential as a new therapeutic modality.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Seluang fish oil against proinflammatory cytokines, vitamin D levels, and clinical conditions of SLE.
METHODS: A randomised, double-blind, clinical trial study design was conducted. The subjects were 16 SLE subjects treated with 500uL Seluang fish oil capsules and 16 SLE subjects with placebo capsules. Measurement of vitamin D, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-17 levels were performed with ELISA. Clinical assessment of SLE was performed with MEX-SLEDAI. Bivariate analysis, T-test, was performed. Data were presented in the form of mean ± SD.
RESULTS: The administration of Seluang fish oil was clinically able to show efficacy assessed by the MEX SLEDAI score. Significant results were also shown by increased vitamin D levels and reduced levels of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-17, in Seluang fish oil group.
CONCLUSION: Seluang fish oil possessed the efficacy of reducing the inflammatory response in SLE patients by increasing serum vitamin D levels.
Correlation between Obesity and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Endocrine and Metabolic Polyclinic in General Hospital Pirngadi Medan
Authors: Silitonga Hendrika Andriana , Siahaan Jekson Martiar , Anto Endy Juli
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is dangerous and is a factor in the emergence of serious diseases such as dyslipidemia, stroke, coronary heart disease and others. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients there is a disorder of lipid metabolism, namely dyslipidemia. Changes in lipid profile that occurred were an increase in total cholesterol levels, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The phenomenon of an increase in T2DM patients in Indonesia caused double mortality in recent decades.
AIM: This study was to determine the relationship between obesity and lipid profile in T2DM patients at Pirngadi Medan Hospital in 2018.
METHODS: This study was conducted in an observational analytic with a cross-sectional study approach. Fifteen obese patients with T2DM who were treated at the Endocrine and Metabolic Polyclinic in Pirngadi General Hospital Medan from January to December 2018 were recruited into the study sample.
RESULT: Based on the analysis using the results of a one-way correlative analytical test showing that there was a positive correlation between obesity and total cholesterol levels (r = 0.209; p = 0.455) and LDL levels (r = 0.335; p = 0.222) but not significant. There was a negative correlation between obesity and HDL levels (r = -0.072; p = 0.798) and triglyceride levels (r = -0.025; p = 0.930) but not significant. There was no significant relationship between obesity and blood glucose levels (r = 0.463; p = 0.082). This study concluded that there was no significant relationship between obese patients and lipid profiles in T2DM patients.
CONCLUSION: Obesity positively correlates with blood glucose level, but its correlation with a lipid profile is not reliable.
Influence of Motivation on Academic Performance among Dental College Students
Authors: Almalki Sultan A.
Published: May 2019

AIM: This study aimed to assess the influence of motivation on academic performance among dental undergraduate students.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among a sample of 187 undergraduate dental students from the main dental colleges in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia using an electronic questionnaire. Students’ academic performance was measured by their current grade point average (GPA). Motivation was assessed using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), which is a self-report instrument designed to assess students’ motivational orientations and learning strategies in college, including goals and value beliefs for the studied program (intrinsic, extrinsic goals orientation and task value), beliefs about their skills to succeed in their studies (control of learning beliefs, self-efficacy for learning and performance), and their anxiety about program tests.
RESULTS: The results showed positive correlations between GPA and the motivation scale (r = 0.2296, p = 0.0019) and most of its subscales, including self-efficacy for learning performance (r = 0.2997, p = 0.0001), control of learning beliefs (r = 0.2305, p = 0.0021) and task value (r = 0. 2243, p = 0.0021). Test anxiety showed negative correlation with GPA (r = -0.1943, p = 0.0100). Compared to their counterparts, male students, students perceived to be from middle class families and students living with their families were consistently showing significant correlations between GPA and most of the motivation subscales.
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that motivation for learning can influence the academic performance of dental students. This influence can be affected by factors such as sex, socioeconomic factors and family support of the students.
New genera, a new species, and a key to the genera of Ashieldophyinae (Acari, Eriophyoidea) from India
Authors: Chakrabarti Samiran , Pandit Ramkrishna , Sur Surajit
Published: May 2019

Two new genera, Brevishieldophyes Chakrabarti & Pandit, gen. n. and Mesoshieldophyes Chakrabarti & Pandit, gen. n., and a new species Mesoshieldophyesvarecae Chakrabarti & Pandit, sp. n. are described. These mites are leaf vagrants. The morphological characters of the afore-mentioned genera and those of Ashieldophyes Mohanasundaram are compared. A key for separating the genera within the subfamily Ashieldophyinae is provided. The diagnostic characters of the subfamily Ashieldophyinae are also revised.
Performances, stratégies, structures. Réalités et limites de la multinationalisation de Pechiney-PUK (1945-1981)
Authors: Barjot Dominique
Published: May 2019

Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Pechiney écrit une nouvelle page de son histoire, celle de sa multinationalisation. Face à un environnement national moins favorable que dans le passé, le groupe cherche à l’extérieur les ferments d’une nouvelle croissance. Par touches successives, ses assises industrielles s’élargissent en dehors de l’Hexagone, d’abord en Afrique, puis au États-Unis et en Europe ainsi qu’en Australie. Au cours des années 1960, la quasi-totalité des investissements de Pechiney sont réalisés en valeurs mobilières, ce qui témoigne de la priorité donnée à l’internationalisation. Cette politique en fait une des firmes françaises les plus performantes des Trente glorieuses. Cependant, la fusion avec Ugine Kuhlmann donne un coup d’arrêt brutal à cette croissance. Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann (PUK), ce nouveau géant industriel français, réunit un ensemble d’activités disparates et souffre d’une faible rentabilité. En l’espace d’une décennie seulement, tous les efforts et les avancées réalisés par Pechiney depuis les années 1950 sont battus en brèche. Pire, malgré la bonne santé des filiales étrangères que Pechiney avait apportées en dot lors de son mariage avec Ugine Kuhlmann, le groupe PUK est au bord de la faillite dix ans seulement après sa création.
L’originalité des pratiques de gestion. L’éclosion et la consolidation (1967-2007) des cultures organisationnelles dans les installations d’Alcan au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
Authors: Deschênes Pierre , Tremblay Patricia Maltais , Plourde Lise
Published: May 2019

Depuis 2011, la poursuite du projet de recherche franco-québécois Fralubec sur l’évolution des multinationales Pechiney et Alcan au XX e siècle a été l’occasion pour une équipe de chercheurs de l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) d’explorer l’évolution de cultures organisationnelles implantées dans les installations de la multinationale Alcan au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean de 1967 jusqu’à son absorption par Rio Tinto en 2007. Pour couvrir ce patrimoine de quarante années de « façons de faire originales Alcan », l’enquête ainsi menée s’est appuyée sur des entretiens réalisés auprès de trente-neuf dirigeants patronaux et syndicaux, professionnels et chercheurs. Accompagnée de ces partenaires de recherche, l’équipe s’est investie dans un itinéraire de recherche qualitative pour recueillir, analyser et interpréter des données qualitatives permettant de créer un ou des modèles de cultures organisationnelles qui couvrent six domaines de gestion. Cet article présente des extraits de récits autobiographiques qui constituent un échantillon des résultats de cette étude exploratoire.
Interpreting Local Experiences in Global Aluminum Production; Memory and Community in some Bauxite Territories of the Caribbean (British Guiana/Guyana)
Authors: Cross Brad
Published: May 2019

C’est au milieu du XX e siècle qu’Alcan (Aluminum Company of Canada) s’implante en Guyane britannique, attiré par les gisements de bauxite ; une usine d’alumine est alors implantée en 1961 dans la région de Mackenzie-Wismar. Cette présence canadienne façonne alors le territoire, le paysage urbain mais aussi les pratiques sociales avec l’importation d’une identité et d’une culture. Se met en place une « civilisation de l’aluminium», du fait de son importance économique pour le pays ainsi que de son influence sur les modes de vie. Cette civilisation pétrie d’une identité canado-britannique a donné lieu à des actions de préservation du patrimoine local à l’initiative de certains habitants : blogs, partage de témoignages, photographies, mémoires de personnalité, etc.
Introduction
Authors: Alloa Emmanuel , Soufron Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2019

Loin d’être neutre, l’ingénierie sociale de la Silicon Valley porte un programme politique, dont le déni prémunit les entreprises contre toute responsabilité.
Ne soyez pas malveillants. Utopies, frontières et brogrammers
Authors: Turner Fred , Weigel Moira , Lalo Alexandra
Published: May 2019

L’idéologie de la Silicon Valley trouve ses origines dans la contre-culture américaine des années 1960, voire le puritanisme : il s’agit toujours de repousser les frontières et de construire des communautés égalitaires, mais en remplaçant le Lsd et la Bible par des systèmes informatiques.
La conception managériale de la responsabilité sociale d’entreprise (RSE), une innovation sociale ? Enjeux d’une méthode d’évaluation systémique
Authors: Chanteau Jean-Pierre , Borrell Thomas , Temple Ludovic
Published: May 2019

Le mouvement de la responsabilité sociale d’entreprise (RSE) qui gagne les pays du Sud est souvent présenté comme une innovation sociale permettant, par des initiatives volontaires modifiant le modèle productif ou la gouvernance d’une entreprise, de prendre en charge à son niveau les problèmes sociaux ou écologiques qu’engendre son activité. Cet article offre des éléments de méthode pour une évaluation complète, jusqu’au niveau sociétal, de ces dispositifs managériaux. Pour cela, l’institutionnalisme méthodologique IAD-SES est mobilisé : nous en exposons le cadre et nos apports à cette méthode. Puis nous présentons les résultats avec une étude des dispositifs RSE dans le secteur de la banane-export au Cameroun, prenant en compte les règles en usage et les double-effets pour évaluer leur impact sur la structuration du mode de gestion de la ressource foncière du territoire concerné. Ces résultats confirment que la RSE peut avoir un effet conservatoire plutôt qu’innovant sur la structure sociale. Codes JEL : B52, M14, O13, O17, O35
Cartographie descriptive du système national français du financement de la recherche sur projet en vue de son évaluation
Authors: Touret Romain , Meinard Yves , Petit Jean-Claude , Tsoukias Alexis
Published: May 2019

Dans cet article nous proposons une cartographie du système national du financement de la recherche (SNFRI) français. Cette représentation s’appuie sur un modèle fonctionnel et organisationnel du système que nous faisons évoluer à travers l’ajout d’une fonction Évaluation. Cette dernière est conçue avec l’ambition de fournir une analyse de l’impact du système de recherche dans sa globalité plutôt qu’un examen qualitatif des projets et des acteurs qui le composent. Cette carte est enfin une attestation empirique de l’existence et de la pertinence de ces fonctions et constitue la première étape d’un travail plus large dont l’objectif final est de construire un modèle de SNFRI capable de l’évaluer et d’appréhender la dynamique évolutive globale du financement de la recherche en France. Codes JEL : O38, I23, I28, H11, H52
Femmes dans l’armée Suisse
Authors: Monay Stéphanie
Published: May 2019

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à la socialisation politique des femmes engagées volontairement au sein de l’armée suisse, contexte où un service obligatoire masculin a cours. L’armée comme régime de genre instaure une structure spécifique de rapports de pouvoir et notamment de rapports sociaux de sexe. Nous verrons ici comment se caractérisent ce régime et ses normes de genre spécifiques et comment les femmes expérimentent une socialisation à la domination masculine en tant que « dominées ». En effet, insérées dans cet univers monosexué et hétéronormé, elles doivent faire face à un dispositif qui les dépeint comme des « inadaptées » voire même des « intruses ». À l’aide d’observations et d’entretiens, nous analyserons comment elles légitiment leur place dans les rangs militaires tout en intériorisant la domination globale des hommes sur les femmes.
Will Neuroimaging Produce a Clinical Tool for Psychiatry?
Authors: Ghosh Satrajit S. , Baker Justin T.
Published: May 2019

The increasing incidence, awareness, and social and economic impact of mental health disorders, the current status quo of treatment options and their limited success, and the extensive investment into brain imaging research raises an important question for the future of behavioral medicine: will neuroimaging produce a clinical tool for psychiatry? Significant advances in neuroimaging over the past 2 decades have allowed psychiatric clinicians to peer into the living, functioning brain. Neuroimaging has been used to diagnose mental illnesses, predict treatment outcomes, find new stratifications of psychiatric disorders, and provide therapy. The development of computational techniques, alongside several population neuroimaging efforts worldwide, increase the prospect for the first neuroimaging-based clinical tool. In this article, we describe the formidable challenges to creating such a tool and forecast how current institutions can solve them through social, technical, educational, and policy changes; improving data sharing practices; advances in technology; and integration between neuroimaging and other emerging information streams.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2019;49(5):209–214.]
Mental Health Disparities and Technology: New Risks and Opportunities
Authors: Arevian Armen C. , Jones Felica , Chung Bowen
Published: May 2019

Despite improvements in the United States population's health in the last 25 years, significant disparities in mental health care outcomes persist for those with common mental disorders. Related to health technology, the “digital divide” has been described as the differences in the level of access to basic technology hardware (such as mobile phones) or broadband Internet. Previously, there were differences in access to devices between racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups; however, that divide has largely closed. The focus of technology growth recently has been on the use of these devices in the form of mobile apps, sensors, and predictive analytic approaches. In this article, we explore the background of health disparities and social determinants of health as well as the potential risks and opportunities represented by the new types of digital technologies that are being created.

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Psychiatr Ann.
2019;49(5):215–219.]
Psychiatric and Behavioral Causes of Altered Mental Status
Authors: Allen Courtney Esther , Burger Rebecca Kriss
Published: May 2019

Altered mental status is a common chief complaint in the emergency department. The differential diagnosis is vast and the laboratory testing can vary depending on presenting symptoms and examination findings. It is important to remember that changes in mental status can be due to psychiatric causes such as primary psychotic disorders, psychotic episodes, and mood disorders. Initial assessment includes ruling out hypoglycemia and other medical causes. Misdiagnosis at onset is common due to variability of symptoms, overlapping symptoms between diagnoses and other confounding issues, such as substance use, behavioral disorders, and possible developmental delays. After ruling out a medical cause, the patient should be evaluated by a mental health professional to determine psychiatric diagnosis and to dictate further management.

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Pediatr Ann.
2019;48(5):e201–e204.]
Experimental Study on Forming Quality of Hat-Shaped Component Based on Combined Mandrel Pressurization Method
Authors: Lin Zi Jun , Zhan Li Hua , Li Yi Bo , Chang Teng Fei , Deng Fan , Jiang Cheng Biao , Liu Gui Ming , Kang Xu Hui
Published: May 2019

The uncontrollable forming quality of component caused by the uncontrollable expansion pressure of silicon rubber mandrel has long been an unsolved problem in the fabrication of composite hat-shaped components. Here,we advanced a novel mandrel pressurization method combining silicon rubber mandrel and inflatable mold. Cure experiments were carried out based on the combined mandrel with different adjustable apertures. At the same time, the resin pressure of the components was monitored on-line during the curing process by using a self-built pressure on-line monitoring system, and their geometric accuracies and forming quality were evaluated. The experimental results show that the combined mandrel forming method can control the uniformity of pressure, geometric accuracies and forming quality of the hat-shaped component effectively, and the optimal size range is obtained with the hole ratio of 0.4~0.53. Compared with the traditional auxiliary forming method, combined mandrel pressurization method greatly reduces the requirements on the size of the mandrel structure and broadens the process window of the mandrel for the curing of hat-shaped component.
Information Seeking Behavior of the Humanities and Social Science Undergraduates: A Case of University of Colombo
Authors: Wijetunge Pradeepa
Published: May 2019

This paper discusses the Information Seeking Behavior (ISB) of the Humanities and Social Science (HSS) undergraduates of the University of Colombo with three objectives; to study the information resource usage of the undergraduates, to study the barriers they encounter in seeking and using the information and to study the information seeking process of the undergraduates. A questionnaire and Focus Group Meetings (FGMs) were used to gather quantitative and qualitative data. Convenient Sampling method was used and the response rate was 82% out of 550 questionnaires while 95 attended the FGMs. SPSS (ver. 22) and manual analysis were used to analyze data. Most respondents use Internet instead of library resources and do not use standard criteria to evaluate information. The majority consult their batch mates for help in using information resources. At the same time, most of them have not received any training in using the library resources or Internet. They face several barriers related to library resources, facilities, services and training which prevent them from reaching the library first for their information needs. The processes they follow to search and use information correspond to some other information seeking models. It is recommended that additional research is required to substantiate the gravity of this issue and librarians need to collaborate with the faculty to improve their ISB.
The importance of staff's attitudes in the care of individuals with mental health problems in the emergency department
Authors: Piccinelli Marco
Published: May 2019

Not available.
Characteristics of atmospheric mercury in a suburban area of east China: sources, formation mechanisms, and regional transport
Authors: Qin Xiaofei , Wang Xiaohao , Shi Yijie , Yu Guangyuan , Zhao Na , Lin Yanfen , Fu Qingyan , Wang Dongfang , Xie Zhouqing , Deng Congrui , Huang Kan
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Speciated atmospheric mercury including gaseous elemental mercury (GEM),
gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM) were
measured continuously for a 1-year period at a suburban site, representing a
regional transport intersection zone, in east China. Annual mean
concentrations of GEM, PBM, and GOM reached 2.77 ng m−3,
60.8 pg m−3, and 82.1 pg m−3, respectively. GEM concentrations were
elevated in all the seasons except autumn. High mercury concentrations were
related to winds from the south, southwest, and north of the measurement
site. Combining analysis results from using various source apportionment
methods, it was found that GEM concentration was higher when quasi-local
sources dominated over long-range transport. Six source factors belonging to
the anthropogenic sources of GEM were identified, including the common
sectors previously identified (industrial and biomass burning, coal
combustion, iron and steel production, cement production, and incineration),
as well as an additional factor of shipping emissions (accounting for
19.5 % of the total), which was found to be important in east China where
marine vessel shipping activities are intense. Emissions of GEM from natural
surfaces were also found to be as important as those from anthropogenic
sources for GEM observed at this site. Concurrences of high GOM
concentrations with elevated O3 and temperature, along with the lagged
variations in GEM and GOM during daytime demonstrated that the very high GOM
concentrations were partially ascribed to intense in situ oxidation of GEM.
Strong gas–particle partitioning was also identified when PM2.5 was
above a threshold value, in which case GOM decreased with increasing PM2.5.
Molecular Characterization of Organosulfates in Arctic Ocean and
Antarctic atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Ye Yuqing , Xie Zhouqing , Zhu Ming , Wang Xinming
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Organic aerosols are ubiquitous components of atmospheric aerosols. Organosulfate aerosols have been detected in the Arctic Ocean atmosphere and may play an important role in the radiative balance in Polar Regions. Aerosol samples from the Arctic Ocean and Antarctic atmosphere during 2014/2015 CHINARE were analysed by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry coupled with negative ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI(-)-UHRMS). Hundreds of organic compounds were detected and tentatively determined by their formulas, including organosulfates (OSs), nitrooxy-organosulfates (NOSs), organonitrates (ONs) and oxygenated hydrocarbons (OxyCs). The number of OSs/NOSs accounted for 28–32 % of the total number of detected molecules at polar sites and ONs were 28–40 %. Organic compounds of Arctic Ocean and Antarctic aerosols had high oxidation states for carbon and a large percentage of high molecular weight formulas; this indicated that aged organic aerosols likely comprise a significant part of the polar atmosphere. We hypothesized that highly oxidized HMW compounds tend to be transported to the polar area from stratospheric reservoirs. Dramatic differences of the molecular characteristics were observed when we compared aerosol samples between polar sites and Guangzhou sites, reflecting the different oxidation mechanisms and atmospheric transmission. The polar sites contained higher fractions of OSs/NOSs and lower fractions of ONs than the Guangzhou sites did; this indicated that the oxidation of NOx was weaker in the polar region. Observing that the fraction and oxidation states of polycyclic aromatic OSs/NOSs polar regions were similar to the Guangzhou urban area but not the rural area implied an anthropogenic influence on OSs/NOSs in remote polar areas. In addition, the contribution of potential precursors (anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds) to OS and NOS formation as well as the effects of nss-SO4 aerosols, pH and RH on OS formation in polar areas were discussed. Our study presents the first overview of OSs and ONs in the Arctic Ocean and Antarctic atmosphere and promotes the understanding of their characteristics and sources.
Towards accurate methane point-source quantification from high-resolution 2D plume imagery
Authors: Jongaramrungruang Siraput , Frankenberg Christian , Matheou Georgios , Thorpe Andrew , Thompson David R. , Kuai Le , Duren Riley
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Methane is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas in the Earth climate system but emission quantification of localized point sources has been proven challenging, resulting in ambiguous regional budgets and source categories distributions. Although recent advancements in airborne remote sensing instruments enable retrievals of methane enhancements at unprecedented resolution of 1–5 m at regional scales, emission quantification of individual sources can be limited by the lack of knowledge of local wind speed. Here, we developed an algorithm that can estimate flux rates solely from mapped methane plumes, avoiding the need for ancillary information on wind speed. The algorithm was trained on synthetic measurements using Large Eddy Simulation under a range of background wind speeds of 1–10 m/s and source emission rates ranging from 10 to 1000 kg/hr. The surrogate measurements mimic plume mapping performed by the next generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG) and provide an ensemble of 2-D snapshots of column methane enhancements at 5m spatial resolution. We make use of the integrated total methane enhancement in each plume, denoted as Integrated Methane Enhancement (IME), and investigate how this IME relates to the actual methane flux rate. Our analysis shows that the IME corresponds to the flux rate non-linearly and is strongly dependent on the background wind speed over the plume. We demonstrate that the plume width, defined based on the plume angular distribution around its main axis, provides information on the associated background wind speed. This allows us to invert source flux rate based solely on the IME and the plume-shape itself. On average, the error estimate based on randomly generated plumes is approximately 30 % for an individual estimates and less than 10 % for an aggregation of 30 plumes. A validation against a natural gas controlled release experiment agree to within 32 %, supporting the basis for the applicability of this technique to quantifying point sources over large geographical area in airborne field campaigns and future space-based observations.
On Study of Two-Dimensional Lunar Scan for Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Geometric Calibration
Authors: Zhou Jun , Yang Hu
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The NOAA-20 satellite was successfully launched on 18 November 2017. It carries five key instruments including Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS). On January 31, 2018, the spacecraft performed a pitch-over maneuver operation, during which the two-dimensional lunar scan observations were collected. In this study, a technique has been developed by which the ATMS on-orbit geometric calibration accuracy can be validated based on this lunar scan dataset. The fully calibrated data are fitted in the antenna pattern coordinate by Gaussian function. The deviation of the center of the fit function from the origin of the frame is taken to be the boresight pointing error of the instrument. This deviation is further transformed to the Euler angle roll and pitch defined in spacecraft coordinate system. The estimated ATMS boresight pointing Euler angle roll (pitch) is 0.05°, (0.22°) at K-band, −0.07°, (0.25°) at Ka-band, 0.02°, (0.24°) at V-band, −0.07°, (−0.08°) at W-band, and −0.04°, (0.02°) at G-band. The results are validated by comparing with those derived from the coastline inflection point method. It shows that the Euler angles derived from these two independent methods are consistent very well. For the sounding channels where the coastline method is inapplicable, the lunar scan method is still capable of delivering reasonable estimations of their geometric calibration errors.
Microbial community composition and abundance after millennia of submarine permafrost warming
Authors: Mitzscherling Julia , Horn Fabian , Winterfeld Maria , Mahler Linda , Kallmeyer Jens , Overduin Pier Paul , Schirrmeister Lutz , Winkel Matthias , Grigoriev Mikhail N. , Wagner Dirk , Liebner Susanne
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Warming of the Arctic led to an increase of permafrost temperatures by about 0.3 °C during the last decade. Permafrost warming is associated with increasing sediment water content, permeability and diffusivity and could on the long-term alter microbial community composition and abundance even before permafrost thaws. We studied the long-term effect (up to 2500 years) of submarine permafrost warming on microbial communities along an onshore-offshore transect on the Siberian Arctic Shelf displaying a natural temperature gradient of more than 10 °C. We analysed the in-situ development of bacterial abundance and community composition through total cell counts (TCC), quantitative PCR of bacterial gene abundance and amplicon sequencing, and correlated the microbial community data with temperature, pore water chemistry and sediment physicochemical parameters. On time-scales of centuries, permafrost warming coincided with an overall decreasing microbial abundance while millennia after warming microbial abundance was similar to cold onshore permafrost and DOC content was least. Based on correlation analysis TCC unlike bacterial gene abundance showed a significant rank-based negative correlation with increasing temperature while both TCC and bacterial gene copy numbers showed a negative correlation with salinity. Bacterial community composition correlated only weakly with temperature but strongly with pore-water stable isotope signatures and depth, while it showed no correlation with salinity. Microbial community composition showed substantial spatial variation and an overall dominance of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria which are amongst the microbial taxa that were found to be active in other frozen permafrost environments as well. We suggest that, millennia after permafrost warming by over 10 °C, microbial community composition and abundance show some indications for proliferation but mainly reflect the sedimentation history and paleo-environment and not a direct effect through warming.
Towards end-to-end (E2E) modelling in a consistent NPZD-F modelling framework (ECOSMO E2E_v1.0): application to the North Sea and Baltic Sea
Authors: Daewel Ute , Schrum Corinna , Macdonald Jed I.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Coupled physical–biological models usually resolve only parts of the trophic
food chain; hence, they run the risk of neglecting relevant ecosystem
processes. Additionally, this imposes a closure term problem at the
respective “ends” of the trophic levels considered. In this study, we aim to
understand how the implementation of higher trophic levels in a
nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (NPZD) model
affects the simulated response of the ecosystem using a consistent
NPZD–fish modelling approach (ECOSMO E2E) in the combined North Sea–Baltic Sea system.
Utilising this approach, we addressed the above-mentioned
closure term problem in lower trophic ecosystem modelling at a very low
computational cost; thus, we provide an efficient method that requires very
little data to obtain spatially and temporally dynamic zooplankton mortality. On the basis of the ECOSMO II coupled ecosystem model we implemented one
functional group that represented fish and one group that represented macrobenthos
in the 3-D model formulation. Both groups were linked to the lower trophic
levels and to each other via predator–prey relationships, which allowed for the
investigation of both bottom-up processes and top-down mechanisms in the
trophic chain of the North Sea–Baltic Sea ecosystem. Model results for a
10-year-long simulation period (1980–1989) were analysed and discussed with
respect to the observed patterns. To understand the impact of the newly
implemented functional groups for the simulated ecosystem response, we
compared the performance of the ECOSMO E2E to that of a respective truncated
NPZD model (ECOSMO II) applied to the same time period. Additionally, we
performed scenario tests to analyse the new role of the zooplankton mortality
closure term in the truncated NPZD and the fish mortality term in the
end-to-end model, which summarises the pressure imposed on the system by
fisheries and mortality imposed by apex predators. We found that the model-simulated macrobenthos and fish spatial and seasonal
patterns agree well with current system understanding. Considering a dynamic
fish component in the ecosystem model resulted in slightly improved model
performance with respect to the representation of spatial and temporal variations
in nutrients, changes in modelled plankton seasonality, and nutrient profiles.
Model sensitivity scenarios showed that changes in the zooplankton mortality
parameter are transferred up and down the trophic chain with little
attenuation of the signal, whereas major changes in fish mortality and fish
biomass cascade down the food chain.
AN INFORMATIVE CONTENT 3D MODEL FOR THE HALL HOLDING THE RESURRECTION OF CHRIST BY PIERO DELLA FRANCESCA MURAL PAINTING AT SANSEPOLCRO, ITALY
Authors: Coli M. , Ciuffreda A. L. , Micheloni M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The Resurrection of Christ by Piero della Francesca (about 1460) at Sansepolcro (Italy) is a masterpiece in the development of painting. The painting is located in a hall of the city government building, which today holds the Civic Museum of Sansepolcro. This mural painting was realized on a brick wall (15 cm thick) located in a different place as it is today. Shortly later, the painting was moved by means of a transport to solid-wall and placed against a pre-existing wall (60 cm thick), where it is today, erecting against this wall a counter wall (15 cm thick) where the mural painting wall-panel (225 × 200 cm) had been inserted.Within the studies aimed at restoration and conservation of the painting, the type and characteristics of the walls of the museum hall and of the wall where the painting is located have been defined through different types of diagnostic surveys. Geometric, physical, mechanical and material data from surveys are knowledge that must be archived and made accessible for future maintenance operations. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a valid methodology that allows to build a three-dimensional database in which to collect information about diagnostics and conservation of the historical building. The aim of this paper is digitalization through the HBIM methodology of the hall of Resurrection, in order to create a “3D informative model” that describes the geometry with objects linking them the information related to knowledge of cultural heritage and it can represent a technical and organizational support for future conservation operations.
EXTRACTION AND VISUALIZATION OF 3D BUILDING MODELS IN URBAN AREAS FOR FLOOD SIMULATION
Authors: Kilsedar C. E. , Fissore F. , Pirotti F. , Brovelli M. A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Floods pose a risk that is likely to worsen in the future due to climate change. Therefore, it is essential that decision makers and domain experts have the tools to evaluate the effects of floods. We developed a tool that visualizes the earth and buildings in three dimensions to simulate floods so that effective strategies can be developed to enhance resilience and mitigate the effects of floods. We opted to use open standards and free and open source software (FOSS) for Web to maximize interoperability, replicability, reusability, and accessibility. As a result of the literature review, we decided to use CityGML and CesiumJS for three-dimensional geospatial data visualization. However, as CityGML data is not available for the cities that our project focuses on, we developed software called shp2city that converts Esri shapefile to CityGML data in LOD1 or LOD2. Moreover, as CityGML data cannot be immediately used with CesiumJS, we used 3DCityDB to store, represent, and manage the CityGML data; 3DCityDB Importer/Exporter to export the CityGML data in KML/COLLADA/glTF format to be used within the 3DCityDB Web-Map-Client that is based on CesiumJS for visualization. Finally, we simulated floods to aid in the informed decision-making process regarding adaptation measures and mitigation of flooding effects.
TOWARDS BUILDING A SEMANTIC FORMALIZATION OF (SMALL) HISTORICAL CENTRES
Authors: Kokla M. , Mostafavi M. A. , Noardo F. , Spanò A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Historical small urban centres are of increasing interest to different interacting fields such as architectural heritage protection and conservation, urban planning, disaster response, sustainable development and tourism. They are defined at different levels (international, national, regional), by various organizations and standards, incorporate numerous aspects (natural and built environment, infrastructures and open spaces, social, economic, and cultural processes, tangible and intangible heritage) and face various challenges (urbanization, globalization, mass tourism, climate change, etc.). However, their current specification within large-scale geospatial databases is similar to those of urban areas in a broad sense resulting in the loss of many aspects forming this multifaceted concept. The present study considers the available ontologies and data models, coming from various domains and having different granularities and levels of detail, to represent historical small urban centres information. The aim is to define the needs for extension and integration of them in order to develop a multidisciplinary, integrated semantic representation. Relevant conventions and other legislation documents, ontologies and standards for cultural heritage (CIDOC-CRM, CRMgeo, Getty Vocabularies), 3D city models (CityGML), building information models (IFC) and regional landscape plans are analysed to identify concepts, relations, and semantic features that could form a holistic semantic model of historical small urban centres.
VIRTUAL RESTITUTION OF THE PARIETAL DECORATION IN THE SALA DEL MOSAICO DE LOS AMORES. CASTULO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE (LINARES, SPAIN)
Authors: López-Martínez T. , Calvo-Bartolomé B. , García-Bueno A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The use of photogrammetry in the field of archaeology is increasingly widespread. In the case of restoration, the use of 3D contributes to facilitating the complex process of an intervention and bringing the artwork closer to the general public. This paper describes the application of 3D modelling techniques in the specific case of the Roman wall paintings from the Sala del Mosaico de los Amores, in Castulo Archaeological Site (Linares, province of Jaén). These paintings were found in 2011, collapsed over the mosaic pavement, and they were moved to the University of Granada for their restoration. After the intervention, the photogrammetric surveys of the different fragments and of the room to which they belong were developed, and the virtual restitution was generated, therefore making it possible for the general public to reliably appreciate how the room would look like with the parietal decoration located in-situ.
HBIM IN A SEMANTIC 3D GIS DATABASE
Authors: Matrone F. , Colucci E. , De Ruvo V. , Lingua A. , Spanò A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This work describes the different attempts and the consequent results derived from the integration of an HBIM model into an already structured spatial database (DB) and its 3D visualisation in a GIS project.This study is connected to the European ResCult (Increasing Resilience of Cultural Heritage) project where a DB for multiscale analyses was defined. To test the methodology proposed, the case study of Santa Maria dei Miracoli church in Venice was chosen since it represents a complex architectural heritage piece in a risk zone, it has been subject to a vast restoration intervention in the recent past but a digital documentation and model concerning it was missing.The 3D model of the church was structured in Revit as a HBIM, with the association of different kind of information and data related to the architectural elements by means of ‘shared parameters’ and ‘system families’. This procedure allows to reach an even higher Level of Detail (LOD4), but lead to some issues related to the semantic and software interoperability. To solve these problems the existing DB for the resilience of cultural heritage was extended adding a new entity representing the architectural elements designed in the BIM project.The aim of the test is to understand how the data and attributes inserted in the HBIM are converted and handled when dealing with a GIS DB, stepping from the IFC to the CityGML standard, through the FME software.
The Journalistic Discourse Translating Strategies: From English into Arab
Authors: CHAAL Houaria
Published: May 2019

The journalistic discourse is a communicative act of particular linguistic phenomenon that requires some special norms and reflects on social, cultural, political, ideological aspects.Thus, it is regarded as a specialized discourse, and its translation imposes a real challenge for the translator. In this regard, this paper examines the journalistic discourse translation with a more focus on the transfer strategies. News translation, in fact, might be risky when it relies on the media authority that should be respected. Moreover, it is often politically oriented. Accordingly, the current paper aims at discovering whether good transfer is appropriately assured by news translating or news making. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the source and target press articles (English- Arabic) has been conducted based on the use of a range of micro translation strategies for news discourses. The study showed that good transfer is better assured by trans-editing and reproduction among other appropriate strategies of news translation required for the journalistic discourse.
Understanding Reading Strategies of EFL Saudi Students
Authors: Roomy Muhammad Al , Alhawsawi Sajjadllah
Published: May 2019

In many contexts around the world, English has become a major means of daily communication and a language for research and technology. Reading in English plays a key role in students’ academic learning in many higher education contexts where English is the principal medium of instruction. This study measured reading strategies use as well as reading habits for everyday reading practices of EFL Saudi university students. For collecting data, Students completed a questionnaire and were interviewed by the two researchers. The quantitative and qualitative results yielded positive results that students were categorized as high users of reading strategies. Students employed different strategies to approach the complexity of reading texts. In addition, results indicated that there was a relationship between students’ motivation toward reading, reading habits of reading practices and the way students implement different reading strategies.