bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A RE (INVENÇÃO) DO ESTADO DO SÉCULO XXI: O REGRESSO AO LIBERALISMO COMO SUPORTE DO SISTEMA DEMOCRÁTICO
Authors: Dolenc Del Masso Fabiano , Miranda Gonçalves Rubén , Zeferino Ferreira Rui Miguel
Published: January 2016

O presente artigo resulta do pensamento de três investigadores oriundos de realidades económicas, sociais, geográficas e políticas diversas, na tentativa de contribuir com soluções para o principal desafio da próxima década – a reforma do Estado. Nesse sentido, em primeiro lugar, entende-se que o custo de nada fazer face a uma nova realidade é elevado, pois o atual Estado-providência irá definhar em poucos anos devido à sua dimensão excessiva. Em segundo, julga-se que a atual crise social, mas também económico-finan- ceira, representa uma oportunidade. Por fim, este é o momento histórico de ser encetado um movimento de reinvenção do Estado, que tenha como seu centro gravitacional a completa liberdade individual dos cidadãos, como elemento decisivo para ressuscitar o espírito democrático, por via da diminuição do peso do Estado na economia e na sociedade.
A Relevância do Sindicalismo para a Sociedade Brasileira
Authors: Lima Priscila Luciene Santos de , Opuszka Paulo Ricardo
Published: January 2016

Utilizando-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, com grande ênfase nas doutrinas e legislações, o presente estudo se deu para analisar a importância do sindicalismo na sociedade, buscando retratar seu surgimento, formação, funções, princípios, natureza, bem como, brevemente, relatar as práticas antissindicais. Assim, tem como principal objetivo explanar sobre a missão de lutar pelos direitos das classes trabalhadoras que os sindicatos possuem, que deve seja feita conforme prevê o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Todavia, constatou-se que a teoria imposta não condiz com a difícil realidade encontrada no Brasil, por conta das práticas antissindicais.
DIREITO ECONÔMICO DO PETRÓLEO: OS ROYALTIES DO PRÉ-SAL E O STF
Authors: Duarte Francisco Carlos , Goelzer de Araújo Vargas e Pinto Alcides
Published: January 2016

O artigo analisa as inovações regulatórias que vieram após a descoberta do pré-sal, verificando, ainda, as políticas públicas que deverão ser implementadas com os recursos do pré-sal e que deverão modificar a realidade socioeconômica do Brasil. A remodelagem nacional está, na verdade, nas mãos do STF, que julgará a nova distribuição dos royalties do pré-sal e poderá trazer mais equidade entre os entes federados. Para tal fim, foi necessária a utilização da metodologia teórico-descritiva, buscando a compreensão, do ponto de vista jurídico-econômico, das normas que regulam o pré-sal, e de pesquisa bibliográfica correspondente ao tema, bem como do método indutivo, pois se trata de assunto atual e sem entendimento fixado, de essencial importância para preencher as lacunas daquilo não debatido pela sociedade. Assim, será necessário examinar algumas noções históricas fundamentais sobre a intervenção do Estado no petróleo pátrio. O artigo ainda discorrerá sobre as enormes vantagens que os Estados “produtores” possuem em detrimentos dos “não produtores” e como isso afeta os desequilíbrios regionais existentes. Posteriormente será analisada a Lei 12.734/12 e verificado que a mesma atende os princípios constitucionais da eficiência, da dignidade da pessoa humana e da busca pela erradicação da pobreza, pois promove uma melhor equação sobre as receitas advindas da exploração petrolífera. Finalmente compreender-se-á que o Brasil deixou de realizar uma política de governo e passou a realizar uma política de Estado, pois a obrigatoriedade de investimentos na educação e na saúde com os recursos provenientes dos royalties do pré-sal certamente contribuirá para efetivar direitos fundamentais.
O CONTROLE JUDICIAL DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Grando Fabiane
Published: January 2016

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo fazer uma análise do controle judicial das políticas públicas por parte do Poder Judiciário. Parte-se da premissa de que as políticas públicas são, tradicionalmente, consubstanciadas em ações estatais (discricionárias), nas quais não caberia ao Judiciário intervir, sob pena de ofensa, inclusive, ao princípio constitucional da separação dos poderes. Ocorre que a tendência contemporânea tem revisto esse entendimento. O estudo proposto tem por referencial teórico os autores clássicos de direito administrativo e sua confrontação com autores do neoconstitucionalismo, a partir dos quais se pretende, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, associada a procedimento histórico e comparativo, analisar, também, as possibilidades de atuação do Poder Judiciário (por meio do controle de políticas públicas), valendo-se não apenas de conceitos teóricos, mas também buscando em casos práticos a visualização da realidade em contraste com a norma e postulados escritos. O que se observa é que, por se tratarem de ações estatais por meio das quais são traçadas diretrizes e metas a serem fomentadas pelo Estado, especialmente na implementação dos objetivos e direitos fundamentais dispostos na Constituição, o controle judicial da Administração Pública não se deve restringir simplesmente ao controle estrito da legalidade.
RESPONSABILIDADE CRIMINAL POR DINHEIROS PÚBLICOS, BRANQUEAMENTO DE CAPITAIS/LAVAGEM DE DINHEIRO E DIREITOS SOCIAIS
Authors: S. de Melo Bandeira Gonçalo , Fachin Zulmar
Published: January 2016

Em termos de dinheiros públicos, devemos ter em consideração a necessidade de ter que existir uma boa governança. É importante a participação. Também a transparência. E se os direitos e deveres sociais fundamentais estão interligados, não é menos verdade que é preciso a apresentação de boas contas à população. E aqui temos que falar também em plena responsabilidade pública. Num sentido lato, podemos falar num princípio geral de anticorrupção. O mau uso dos dinheiros públicos pode conduzir à responsabilidade de índole criminal. O crime de branqueamento/lavagem, um crime secundário, pode ter por origem ilícitos e/ou crimes que se relacionam com a utilização indevida de dinheiros públicos. A responsabilidade financeira e criminal pode aliás constituir um incremento na boa gestão dos dinheiros públicos. Deste modo – não tendo o direito penal finalidades de promoção ou de “combate”, mas ainda assim retributivos, preventivos gerais e especiais positivos e restaurativos[3] –, podemos estar a caminhar para uma melhor concretização dos direitos, e dos deveres, que são garantidos do ponto de vista constitucional-constitucional[4]. Afinal, todas as áreas do direito, são peças do mesmo jogo de xadrez. O Tribunal Constitucional em Portugal, o Supremo Tribunal Federal no Brasil, o Supremo Tribunal de Justiça em Portugal, o Superior Tribunal de Justiça no Brasil, os Tribunais de Contas em ambos os países.
LA PROTECCIÓN INTERNACIONAL DE LOS TRABAJADORES MIGRANTES: EL TRABAJO DECENTE COMO RESPUESTA A LA PRECARIEDAD LABORAL
Authors: López Ahumada Eduardo
Published: January 2016

Las migraciones laborales responden a los desafíos que han impuesto los cambios económicos, demográficos y tecnológicos, que demandan la presencia de los trabajadores extranjeros en los países industrializados. La mayor parte de las migraciones responden a cuestiones laborales y, en este sentido, la Organización Internacional del Trabajo se ha preocupado especialmente de la perspectiva laboral de los flujos migratorios. El presente trabajo analiza la protección internacional de los flujos migratorios laborales y presta especial atención al tratamiento del principio de la igualdad de trato y de oportunidades. Los movimientos migratorios internacionales tienen actualmente una naturaleza compleja y son diversos en sus manifestaciones y razones que los motivan. El estudio intenta presentar los esfuerzos realizados por la comunidad internacional para fomentar el trabajo decente a escala internacional, asegurando especialmente la garantía de un movimiento migratorio justo.
Aspectos Atuais e Problemáticos no Âmbito da Responsabilidade do Provedor de Serviços em Face do Meio Ambiente Digital no Direito Ambiental Brasileiro e Espanhol
Authors: Fiorillo Celso Antonio Pacheco , Fuller Greice Patrícia , Lima Marco Antonio
Published: January 2016

O presente trabalho analisa a questão inerente à responsabilidade do provedor de serviços de internet em face do meio ambiente digital na sociedade da informação. Para tal desiderato, os autores postulam a existência da concepção de meio ambiente digital como um aspecto do meio ambiente holisticamente considerado. Partindo-se dessa premissa, o artigo traz à baila dois temas polêmicos sobre a temática da sociedade da informação, a saber: a responsabilidade solidária objetiva entre provedor e terceiro que realiza o ato ilícito e a existência de colisão de direitos da personalidade entre a liberdade à informação e expressão e os direitos à privacidade, imagem, intimidade e honra. Demais disso, a análise encontra-se pautada sob o crivo do estudo pontual de um julgado proferido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, partindo-se da análise normativa constitucional e infraconstitucional (Código de Defesa do Consumidor e Marco Civil da Internet) basilar do Direito brasileiro e espanhol. Importante frisar que o Marco Civil da Internet não pode sobrepor-se aos ditames presentes na Constituição Federal Brasileira e o Código de Defesa do Consumidor, visto que esta situação geraria a subversão dos princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana e dos direitos já consolidados dos consumidores. O método utilizado é o indutivo, com pesquisa doutrinária e jurisprudencial.
Extradeep-Resistivity Application in Brazil Geosteering Operations Enables Successful Well Landing
Authors: Tilsley-Baker Richard , Antonov Yuriy , Martakov Sergey , Maurer Hans-Martin , Mosin Anton , Sviridov Mikhail , Klein Katharine Sandler , Iversen Marianne , Barbosa José Eustáquio , Carneiro Gabriel
Published: January 2016

The relatively recent development of azimuthal-resistivity measurements enables proactive geosteering within complex reservoirs. The tools enable determining the distance (up to 5 m in ideal conditions) and the azimuthal direction to a resistivity boundary. In ideal conditions, the well is inside a high-resistivity layer and the shoulder bed is low resistivity, giving geologists warning of approaching adjacent conductive beds. When the tool is in a low-resistivity layer, the depth of detection of an adjacent high-resistivity layer is much smaller. In these situations, it is often not possible to use the tool for effective geosteering.

An extradeep-resistivity tool has been used for several years in Norway and has been introduced in the Peregrino Field in Brazil. It operates at lower frequencies than the shallower reading tools, has large transmitter/receiver spacings, and a depth of detection up to 25 m. This tool was deployed in addition to the conventional directional-resistivity instrument.

The new application in Brazil was supported by inversion software (still in development) to enable possible interpretation of the geology within the tool range. The inversion results provide information that can help identify adjacent reservoir layers while in the target zone and measure the thickness of the reservoir layer being drilled.

Examples are presented from one well where the extradeep resistivity provided early warnings and additional information that helped to steer the well successfully and maximize reservoir coverage. The extradeep measurements from the tool also provide valuable reservoir understanding and knowledge for future well-planning purposes.
Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Column Photobioreactor for Biomass Production and Lipid Accumulation
Authors: Wong Y. K. , Ho K. C. , Tsang Y. F. , Wang L. , Yung K. K. L.
Published: January 2016

Microalgae have been used as energy resources in recent decades to mitigate the global energy crisis. As the demand for pure microalgae strains for commercial use increases, designing an effective photobioreactor (PBR) for mass cultivation is important. Chlorella vulgaris, a local freshwater microalga, was used to study the algal biomass cultivation and lipid production using various PBR configurations (bubbling, air‐lift, porous air‐lift). The results show that a bubbling column design is a better choice for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris than an air‐lift one. The highest biomass concentration in the bubbling PBR was 0.78 g/L while the air‐lift PBR had a value of 0.09 g/L. Key operating parameters, including draft‐tube length and bubbling flowrate, were then optimized based on biomass production and lipid yield. The highest lipid content was in the porous air‐lift PBR and the air‐lift PBR with shorter draft tube (35 cm) was also better than a longer one (50 cm) for algal cultivation, but the microalgae attachment on the inner tube of PBR always occurred. The highest biomass concentration could be produced under the highest gas flowrate of 2.7 L/min, whereas the lowest dry cell mass was under the lowest gas flowrate of 0.2 L/min.
Evaluation of High Density Algal Cultivation for Secondary Wastewater Polishing
Authors: Xu Meng , Xu Shengnan , Bernards Matthew , Hu Zhiqiang
Published: January 2016

This study evaluated the performance of an algal membrane bioreactor (A‐MBR) for secondary wastewater effluent polishing and determined the membrane fouling behavior and dominance of algae in the A‐MBR. The continuous flow A‐MBR (effective volume = 7.2 L) was operated with low biomass wastage for more than 180 days, resulting in an average algal mixed liquor suspended solid concentration of 4922 mg/L. At the influent concentrations of 43 mg/L COD, 1.6 mg/L total phosphorus (TP), and 11.8 mg/L total nitrogen (TN), the effluent COD, TP and TN concentrations were 26 ± 6 mg/L, 0.7 ± 0.3 mg/L, and 9.6 ± 1.2 mg/L, respectively. High‐density algae cultivation facilitated P adsorption and chemical precipitation. However, the TN removal efficiency was only 14% because of low biomass wastage. Although bacteria represented less than 2% of the total biomass in the A‐MBR, bacterial growth in the secondary wastewater effluent accelerated membrane fouling.
Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus From Reject Water Using Chlorella vulgaris Algae After Partial Nitrification/Anammox Process
Authors: Gutwinski Piotr , Cema Grzegorz
Published: January 2016

Wastewater containing nutrients like ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphates have been identified as the main cause of eutrophication in natural waters. Therefore, a suitable treatment is needed. In classical biological processes, nitrogen and phosphorus removal is expensive, especially due to the lack of biodegradable carbon, thus new methods are investigated. In this paper, the new possibility of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in side stream after the partial nitrification/Anammox process is proposed. Research was carried out in a lab‐scale vertical tubular photobioreactor (VTR) fed with real reject water, from dewatering of digested sludge, after partial nitrification/Anammox process from lab‐scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were measured every three days. The average nitrogen and phosphorus loads were 0.0503 ± 0.036 g N gvss/d and 0.0389 ± 0.013 g P gvss/d accordingly. Results have shown that microalgae were able to efficiently remove nitrogen and phosphorus. The average nitrogen removal was 36.46% and phosphorus removal efficiency varied between 93 and 100%.
The Selective Use of Hypochlorite to Prevent Pond Crashes for Algae‐Biofuel Production
Authors: Park Sichoon , Van Ginkel Steven W. , Pradeep Priya , Igou Thomas , Yi Christine , Snell Terry , Chen Yongsheng
Published: January 2016

Although algae‐biofuels have many advantages including high areal productivity, algae can be preyed upon by amoebas, protozoans, ciliates, and rotifers, particularly in open pond systems. Thus, these higher organisms need to be controlled. In this study, Chlorella kessleri was used as the algal culture and Brachionus calyciflorus as the source of predation. The effect of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) was tested with the goal of totally inhibiting the rotifer while causing minor inhibition to the alga. The 24‐hr LC50 for B. calyciflorus in spring water was 0.198 mg Cl/L while the 24‐hr LC50 for C. kessleri was 0.321 mg Cl/L. However, chlorine dissipates rapidly as the algae serves as reductant. Results showed a chlorine dosage between 0.45 to 0.6 mg Cl/L and a dosing interval of two hours created the necessary chlorine concentrations to inhibit predation while letting the algae grow; thus giving algae farmers a tool to prevent pond crashes.
Algal Growth Potential of Microcystis aeruginosa from Reclaimed Water
Authors: Joo Jin Chul , Ahn Chang Hyuk , Lee Saeromi , Jang Dae‐Gyu , Lee Woo Hyoung , Ryu Byong Ro
Published: January 2016

Algal growth potential (AGP) of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa, NIES‐298) using reclaimed water from various wastewater reclamation pilot plants was investigated to evaluate the feasibility of the reclaimed water usage for recreational purposes. After completing the coagulation and ultrafiltration processes, the concentrations of most contaminants in the reclaimed water were lower than the reuse guidelines for recreational water. However, M. aeruginosa successfully adapted to low levels of soluble reactive phosphorus () concentrations. The AGP values of M. aeruginosa decreased with the progression of treatment processes, and with the increases in the dilution volume. Also, both the AGP and chlorophyll‐a values can be estimated a priori without conducting the AGP tests. Therefore, aquatic ecosystems in locations prone to environmental conditions favorable for the growth of M. aeruginosa require more rigorous nutrient management plans (e.g., reverse osmosis and dilution with clean water resources) to reduce the nutrient availability.
Use of a Real Time PCR Assay to Assess the Effect of Pulsed Light Inactivation on Bacterial Cell Membranes and Associated Cell Viability
Authors: Garvey Mary , Stocca Alessia , Rowan Neil
Published: January 2016

Research into more rapid and effective means of disinfecting water has become necessary due to the recognition that not all pathogenic species are being removed by chemical means. There is an extent of research highlighting the benefits of pulsed light for the disinfection of water. This study aims to determine the ability of a real time polymerase chain reaction assay to evaluate microbial inactivation of pulsed light treated cells. Findings show that pulsed light is a more rapid means of inactivating test species than standard UV lamp systems. A linear relationship between cell number and polymerase chain reaction amplification was obtained. A difference in threshold value (Ct) of approximately 4 (p ≤ 0.05) was obtained for DNA amplification following the addition of the dye for pulsed ultrviolet (PUV)‐treated Bacillus cells. Membrane protein leakage proved an effective means of determining membrane damage for both Bacillus and E. coli test species following PUV treatment. This membrane damage was not evident for cells exposed to low pressure ultraviolet (LPUV). Findings describe suggest that PUV treatment induced a viable but nonculturable state in treated cells.
Complexation of molybdenum(VI) with methyliminodiacetic acid in different water + methanol solutions
Authors: Zeighaminezhad Saleh , Majlesi Kavosh
Published: January 2016

The complexation of molybdenum(VI) with methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) at pH
= 6.00, T = 298 K , I = 0.1 mol.dm-3 of sodium chloride and different water +
methanol solutions (0-45% v/v) was studied by using potentiometric and UV
spectrophotometric measurements. The stability constants values were
calculated and their trends have been interpreted by using the
Kamlet-Abboud-Taft (KAT) model in order to investigate the role of different
specific and non-specific interactions in the aqueous solutions of methanol.
Hyperquad 2013 and Microsoft Excel 2010 softwares have been used for the
calculations.
Why does urban interpretation of pyrhonism has a greater chance of success than rustic?
Authors: Zivotic Pavle
Published: January 2016

Delineation of the skeptical way of thinking and vision of life, from
ordinary people (idiotes), academics and dogmatic is important. After that,
we can start to (by Sextus) search and make sense of the good life, which is
for skeptics achieving ataraxia. To restraint from the judgment is crucial
for skeptic. For the correct setting of the problem and possible solutions,
we come to two interpretations, rustic and urban. In my opinion, urban has a
greater chance of success because rustic interpretation collapses into an
academic, and does not meet the four desiderata which we have set as a
requirement to get started.
Lament over 33rd birthday of Dictionary of technology and 21st century
Authors: Petrovic Zoran
Published: January 2016

In the era of Tito?s Yugoslavia hardly was there a comparable intellectual
undertaking in Serbia that exploded so powerfully and authentically in 1981.
Dictionary was also a premiere intellectual critic - a herald of the coming
era of humanity that would be marked with an acceleration of civilization,
dehumanization of technology in direct function of the pacification of the
world masses and their submission to aggressive voraciousness of the big
corporations in the time of wars for resources. Clairvoyance of the authors
of Dictionary was lonely in that time, and did not get, in the East, nor in
the West, any intellectual support, despite the strength of their protreptic
messages, but it was, contrariwise, exposed to unreasonable
governmental-party retribution.
Asymmetry of counterfactual dependence and defense of Lewis's argument
Authors: Filipovic Nenad
Published: January 2016

Arrow of time is well known problem in physics and concerns explanation of
the status of the second law of thermodynamics. The problem, however, soon
made noise in various philosophical discussions: on knowledge, causality,
etc. David Lewis, partially motivated by his counterfactual analysis of
causality, introduced the problem of arrow of time in discussion on
counterfactuals. After his article in which he had tried to ground asymmetry
of counterfactuals in the second law of thermodynamics, there were numerous
reactions on such kind of project. In the first part, I will introduce Lewis'
theory in detail, and in the second part I will introduce some of the main
critiques of such a view, focusing on Elga's critique. The third part will be
saved for Loewer's and Albert's argument in favor of a very broad view of
Lewis' project. In the part four, I will present strengthening of their
argument, while explaining how we could apply it closer to Lewis' original
view. Finally, I will make some concluding remarks regarding possible
confusion on argument for supporting Lewis, as well as the additional
requirements for any future work in that direction. Also, because of the
nature of the mentioned arguments, in the appendix I will, very briefly,
present an overview of the arrow of time problem from the perspective of
physics.
Evaluation of Plant Extracts against Stemphylium Blight of Lentil
Authors: Subedi S. , Shrestha S. M. , KC G. B. , Thapa R. B. , Ghimire S. K. , Gharti D. B. , Neupane S.
Published: January 2016

Experiments were carried out to evaluate five different plant extracts against lentil stemphylium blight (Stemphylium botryosum Walr.) at the Grain Legume Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during two winter seasons (2011/ 12 and 2012/13) using CRD in laboratory and RCBD in field conditions. Water extract of Acorus calamus at higher dose (8% W/V) was able to check the growth of the pathogen completely in-vitro. The mycelial growth inhibition (%) of Xanthoxylum armatum and Lantana camera at 8% concentration in PDA were 31.17 and 24.56 respectively. In the field experiment during 2011/12, extracts were sparingly effective for a short period. However the disease control (PDC) was higher in X. armatum treated plot (31.60%) followed by A. calamaus (28.69%) and L. camera (27.61%) when compared to unsprayed plot. The following year (2012/13) field experimental results also verified the effect of plant extracts against the disease. The lower Disease (%) Index (PDI) was obtained from the plots treated with A. calamus (35.33%) and X. armatum (35.55%). Higher crop yield was recorded from the plot treated with A. calamus (987.39 kg/ha) followed by X. armatum (972.78 kg/ha). Two years’ experimental results revealed that A. calamus and X. armatum were effective botanicals to manage lentil Stemphylium blight.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015)  pp. 11-16
Temporal Variation of Rainfall in the Bagmati River Basin, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Rajendra Man , Sthapit Azaya Bikram
Published: January 2016

The main aim of the study was to identify the temporal variation of rainfall in the Bagmati River basin, Nepal using  data available at Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal. The time series data for the  period of 1981-2008 were analyzed by using non-parametric Mann-Kendal test, Spearman’s’ Rho and a parametric  linear regression. The results showed that there was a significantly increasing upward trend of the annual mean of  weighted areal rainfall, with a rate of 2.2 mm per year. Trend analysis of the monthly time series of weighted areal  rainfall showed a significant upward trend in the months of summer monsoon season (June and July). However,  there were no such significant result in the other season/months. The increasing trend in the summer monsoon  might lead to severe flooding in future.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 31-40
Composition of Essential Oils in Turmeric Rhizome
Authors: Devkota Laxmi , Rajbhandari Meena
Published: January 2016

Turmeric has been recognized as a pharmaceutical crop. It is valuable primarily for essential oil and curcumin content. Chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the rhizome of turmeric was determined by GC/MS technique. More than 75 compounds were detected and 67 of them were identified. They accounted for 98.59% of essential oil. The essential oil contained 15 monoterpenes (5.58%), 43 sesquiterpenes (84.37%) and 10 nonterpenic components (8.64%). The major constituents were ß-turmeron, a-turmeron, Epi-a-patschutene, ß-sesquiphellandrene, 1,4-dimethyl-2-isobutylbenzene, (±)-dihydro-ar-turmerone, zingiberene, E-a-atlantone and (-)-caryophyllene oxide. Thin layer chromatographic finger printing and quantitative determination of phenolics in acetone extract of commercially available turmeric samples were carried out using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method. Gallic acid was used as the standard for the estimation of phenolics. All the investigated turmeric extracts contained relatively high amount of phenolics.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 87-94
L’influence thérapeutique de la perception de justice informationnelle et interpersonnelle sur les symptômes de stress post-traumatique des victimes de crimes
Authors: Morissette Myriam , Wemmers Jo-Anne
Published: January 2016

À la suite d’un crime, les victimes ressentent différents besoins, et celui d’être informé serait fondamental (Baril 2002 [1984]). Les recherches ont permis d’établir que les policiers ont un rôle important à jouer dans la transmission des informations aux victimes puisqu’ils sont les premiers acteurs du système pénal avec lesquels celles-ci sont en contact (Laxminarayan 2013). De plus, la perception des victimes quant à la façon dont elles ont été traitées par les policiers peut avoir un impact significatif sur leur rétablissement psychologique. Cette étude a pour but de mesurer l’impact thérapeutique des informations transmises par les policiers et de la qualité des interactions avec ceux-ci à la suite d’un crime. L’instrument utilisé pour mesurer l’impact thérapeutique est le Modified PTSD Symptom Scale–Self Report (Falsetti et coll. 1993) adapté en français. Il a été administré à 188 victimes d’actes criminels pour évaluer la présence, la fréquence et la sévérité des symptômes de stress post-traumatique (ÉSPT). Les résultats de l’étude montrent que l’information est un déterminant important d’un traitement juste et que la qualité du traitement a un effet sur les symptômes de stress post-traumatique.
The Life and Literary Fictions of May Drummond, Quaker Female Preacher
Authors: Reilly Matthew
Published: January 2016

Studying the life and literary legacy of May Drummond, a celebrated Quaker female preacher who was ignominiously expelled from the Society of Friends in 1766, enables scholars to focalize intersections of religious controversy and secular satire during the First Great Awakening. In her travelling ministry, Drummond advocated principles that seventeenth-century Quaker theorists derived from Ibn Tufayl’s Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (“Alive, Son of Awake”), a twelfth-century Arabic fiction that depicts a protagonist who achieves enlightenment unfettered by the dogmas of religious institutions and authorities. Drummond’s ministry threatened the increasingly centralized organization of a transatlantic Society of Friends, while also inspiring writers to appropriate her persona in controversial satires. Alexander Pope invoked Drummond’s humble virtue in order to critique corruptions of church and state, and Samuel Johnson cited her ministry as exemplary of Quaker subversions. My article attributes Drummond’s notoriety to the convergence of two cultures of writing: an arena of popular print and an internal system of ministerial certification that Quaker elders used to curtail her influence.
Fugitive Pieces: Language, Embodiment in Eighteenth-Century Texts
Authors: DeWispelare Daniel
Published: January 2016

By attending to the diverse ways that eighteenth-century fugitive advertisements collapse together the bodily and linguistic habits of wanted criminals, this article argues that linguistic embodiment was an important dimension of interpersonal communication in the eighteenth-century anglophone world. Advertisements from Britain, North America, the Caribbean, and South Asia are analyzed in order to exemplify perceptions of the linguistic embodiments of wanted criminals. In its zeal to accurately capture personal details that would disclose the being of a person in the world through text, fugitive advertising is a writing practice closely related to techniques of descriptive characterization that begin to appear in anglophone literature around the same time. This article views fugitive advertising as a salient intertext for certain characterological and narrative strategies of the late eighteenth-century novel. William Godwin’s Things as They Are; Or, The Adventures of Caleb Williams (1794) is read as an example of a novel that requires readers to envision characters’ linguistic embodiments and interactions in order to situate them within evolving systems of interpersonal categorization.
Genomic landscape of intracranial meningiomas
Authors: Bi Wenya Linda , Abedalthagafi Malak , Horowitz Peleg , Agarwalla Pankaj K. , Mei Yu , Aizer Ayal A. , Brewster Ryan , Dunn Gavin P. , Al-Mefty Ossama , Alexander Brian M. , Santagata Sandro , Beroukhim Rameen , Dunn Ian F.
Published: January 2016

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasms in adults. Current histopathological grading schemes do not consistently predict their natural history. Classic cytogenetic studies have disclosed a progressive course of chromosomal aberrations, especially in high-grade meningiomas. Furthermore, the recent application of unbiased next-generation sequencing approaches has implicated several novel genes whose mutations underlie a substantial percentage of meningiomas. These insights may serve to craft a molecular taxonomy for meningiomas and highlight putative therapeutic targets in a new era of rational biology-informed precision medicine.
Electrical stimulation of the parahippocampal gyrus for prediction of posthippocampectomy verbal memory decline
Authors: Tani Naoki , Kishima Haruhiko , Khoo Hui Ming , Yanagisawa Takufumi , Oshino Satoru , Maruo Tomoyuki , Hosomi Koichi , Hirata Masayuki , Kazui Hiroaki , Nomura Keiko Tokumasu , Aly Mohamed M. , Kato Amami , Yoshimine Toshiki
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

Epilepsy surgery is of known benefit for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE); however, a certain number of patients suffer significant decline in verbal memory after hippocampectomy. To prevent this disabling complication, a reliable test for predicting postoperative memory decline is greatly desired. Therefore, the authors assessed the value of electrical stimulation of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) as a provocation test of verbal memory decline after hippocampectomy on the dominant side.

METHODS

Eleven right-handed, Japanese-speaking patients with medically intractable left TLE participated in the study. Before surgery, they underwent provocative testing via electrical stimulation of the left PHG during a verbal encoding task. Their pre- and posthippocampectomy memory function was evaluated according to the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) and/or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) before and 6 months after surgery. The relationship between postsurgical memory decline and results of the provocative test was evaluated.

RESULTS

Left hippocampectomy was performed in 7 of the 11 patients. In 3 patients with a positive provocative recognition test, verbal memory function, as assessed by the WMS-R, decreased after hippocampectomy, whereas in 4 patients with a negative provocative recognition test, verbal memory function, as assessed by the WMS-R or MMSE, was preserved.

CONCLUSIONS

Results of the present study suggest that electrical stimulation of the PHG is a reliable provocative test to predict posthippocampectomy verbal memory decline.
Microsurgical management of vestibular schwannoma after failed previous surgery
Authors: Samii Madjid , Metwali Hussam , Gerganov Venelin
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

Microsurgical treatment of recurrent vestibular schwannoma (VS) is difficult and poses specific challenges. The authors report their experience with 53 cases of surgically treated recurrent VS. Outcome of these tumors was compared to that of primarily operated on VS. Special attention was given to the facial nerve functional outcome.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed of the patients who underwent surgery for recurrent VS at one institution from 2000 to 2013. The preoperative data, intraoperative findings, and outcome in terms of facial nerve function and improvement of the preoperative symptoms were analyzed and compared with those in a control group of 30 randomly selected patients with primarily operated on VS. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to test the factors that could affect the facial nerve outcome in each group.

RESULTS

Fifty-three consecutive patients underwent surgery for recurrent VS. Seventeen patients were previously operated on and received postoperative radiosurgery (Group A). Thirty-six patients were previously operated on but did not receive postoperative radiosurgery (Group B). The overall postoperative facial nerve function was significantly worse in Groups A and B in comparison with the control group (Group C). Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the facial nerve outcome among the 3 groups in patients who had good preoperative facial nerve function. The tumor size and the preoperative facial nerve function are variables that significantly affect the facial nerve outcome. Most of the patients showed improvement of the preoperative symptoms, such as trigeminal hypesthesia, gait disturbance, and headache.

CONCLUSIONS

Complete microsurgical tumor removal is the optimal management for patients with recurrent or regrowing VS. The procedure is safe, associated with favorable facial nerve outcome, and may also improve existing neurological symptoms.
Eliminating unnecessary routine head CT scanning in neurologically intact mild traumatic brain injury patients: implementation and evaluation of a new protocol
Authors: Anandalwar Seema P. , Mau Christine Y. , Gordhan Chirag G. , Majmundar Neil , Meleis Ahmed , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Sifri Ziad C.
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

The utility of routine repeat head CT (HCT) scans in the management of minimal head injury (MHI) patients with an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has been questioned in multiple studies. All these studies analyzed this by obtaining a repeat HCT study, and none examined the effects of eliminating these routine HCT studies in neurologically intact patients. The authors' institution implemented a new “Neurologic Observation without Repeat HCT” (NORH) protocol with no repeat HCT scanning for patients admitted for MHI and ICH whose neurological status was maintained or improved to a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 at 24 hours after admission. This purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes and safety of this novel protocol.

METHODS

Records of patients who sustained blunt trauma MHI and an ICH and/or skull fracture on initial HCT between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012, were retrieved from the trauma registry of a Level I trauma center. The authors analyzed 95 patients in whom the NORH protocol was followed. Outcome measures included death, emergency department readmission, neurosurgical intervention, delayed repeat HCT, and length of stay.

RESULTS

The NORH protocol was followed for 95 patients; 83% of the patients were male, the average age was 38 ± 16.0 years old, and the most common cause of trauma was assault (35%). Of the 95 patients in whom the NORH protocol was followed, 8 (8%) had a delayed repeat HCT study (> 24 hours) after admission, but none resulted in neurosurgical intervention because of progression of ICH. The average length of stay was 4 ± 7.2 days. None of the patients were readmitted to the hospital.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of the NORH protocol (eliminating routine follow-up HCT) resulted in very low rates of delayed neurological deterioration, no late neurosurgical interventions resulting from ICH progression, very few emergency department revisits, and no readmissions. For a select group of MHI patients with ICH, the NORH protocol is safe and effective, and can reduce radiation exposure and costs.
Lumbar paraspinal muscle morphometry and its correlations with demographic and radiological factors in adult isthmic spondylolisthesis: a retrospective review of 120 surgically managed cases
Authors: Thakar Sumit , Sivaraju Laxminadh , Aryan Saritha , Mohan Dilip , Sai Kiran Narayanam Anantha , Hegde Alangar S.
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to assess the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of lumbar paraspinal muscles in adults with isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS), to compare them with those in the normative population, and to evaluate their correlations with demographic factors and MRI changes in various spinal elements.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective study of patients who had undergone posterior lumbar interbody fusion for IS, and 2 of the authors acting as independent observers calculated the CSAs of various lumbar paraspinal muscles (psoas, erector spinae [ES], multifidus [MF]) on preoperative axial T2-weighted MR images from the L-3 to L-5 vertebral levels and computed the CSAs as ratios with respect to the corresponding vertebral body areas. These values were then compared with those in an age- and sex-matched normative population and were analyzed with respect to age, sex, duration of symptoms, grade of listhesis, and various MRI changes at the level of the listhesis (pedicle signal change, disc degeneration, and facetal arthropathy).

RESULTS

Compared with values in normative controls, the mean CSA value for the ES muscle was significantly higher in the study cohort of 120 patients (p = 0.002), whereas that for the MF muscle was significantly lower (p = 0.009), and more so in the patients with PSC (p = 0.002). Magnetic resonance imaging signal change in the pedicle was seen in half of the patients, all of whom demonstrated a Type 2 change. Of the variables tested in a multivariate analysis, age independently predicted lower area values for all 3 muscles (p ≤ 0.001), whereas female sex predicted a lower mean psoas area value (p < 0.001). None of the other variables significantly predicted any of the muscle area values. A decrease in the mean MF muscle area value alone was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of a PSC (p = 0.039).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with normative controls, patients with IS suffer selective atrophy of their MF muscle, whereas their ES muscle undergoes a compensatory hypertrophy. Advancing age has a detrimental effect on the areas of the lumbar PSMs, whereas female sex predisposes to a decreased psoas muscle area. Multifidus muscle atrophy correlates with PSC, indicating the role of this deep stabilizer in the biomechanical stability of spondylolisthetic spines. This may be of clinical significance in targeted physiotherapy programs during the conservative management of IS.
Essentially English: Sherlock Holmes at the BBC
Authors: Hewett Richard
Published: January 2016

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories, currently enjoying renewed popularity on television via the BBC's Sherlock (2010–), have been adapted for the screen countless times around the world. Arguably the best remembered are Granada's long-running strand with Jeremy Brett (1984–94) and the Universal film series of the 1940s featuring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce. Less frequently cited, however, are the two series produced by the BBC between 1965 and 1968, in which first Douglas Wilmer and later Peter Cushing took on the mantle of the Baker Street detective. Typically for the time – but against the wishes of the Conan Doyle estate – these programmes adopted a multi-camera studio model: a mode of production which made them less attractive to US networks than the single-camera 35mm film output of commercial rivals such as ITC. Drawing upon material from the BBC's Written Archives Centre, this article investigates the motivations underpinning the Corporation's refusal to accommodate the estate's exhortations to seek American co-production and utilise single camera filming, not least of which was the BBC's stated desire to maintain the ‘essentially English’ quality of Sherlock Holmes. This decision would have significant repercussions for the series’ overseas saleability and – despite impressive viewing figures and positive audience reaction at home in the UK – helped to contribute to its ‘forgotten’ status with regard to the television canon.
Text, Image, Audience: Adaptation and Reception of Andrea Newman'sBouquet of Barbed Wire
Authors: Pheasant-Kelly Fran
Published: January 2016

Andrea Newman's 1969 novel, A Bouquet of Barbed Wire, has been adapted twice for television: first in 1976, and later in 2010. Controversially, the novel and its adaptations inferred father – daughter incest, a subject that was considered taboo during the 1970s. Arguably, though partly arising as a result of available technologies at that time, the repressed nature of incest is reflected in the claustrophobic aesthetics of the 1976 television version. In contrast, the more diverse cinematography, panoramic settings and less populated frames of Ashley Pearce's 2010 version correspond with an increasingly transparent approach to incest and child abuse, consistent with the contemporary zeitgeist, which fosters openness across all social and cultural structures. In particular, the changed climate involves a mounting preoccupation with, and sensitivity to, child welfare and legislation, arising as a result of national and international media revelations of child abuse in both domestic and institutional scenarios. Engaging theoretically with Raymond Williams’ concept of a ‘structure of feeling’, as well as referring to Freud's seduction theory, and television theorists including Karen Lury and John Ellis, this article locates parallels between the way that incest is represented and the socio-political and cultural contexts of the respective television adaptations of Newman's novel.
John Cura: Pioneer of the Television Archive
Authors: Wallace Richard
Published: January 2016

This article examines the work of John Cura, a freelance photographer who took over half a million still images of British television programmes between 1947 and 1968. Called Tele-snaps, these photographs constitute an archive of British television from a period where only a limited quantity of programme material survives. Based on papers relating to Cura's work, available in the BBC's Written Archive Centre, the article details the development of Cura's relationship with the BBC as a freelancer, from his speculative attempts at securing clients in the late 1940s to his long-standing contractual work with production offices throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Cura's interactions with the BBC also shed light on the development of British television in the period before 1970. The article documents the changes that took place in the BBC's photographic department in the early 1950s, when photographs for presentational and archival purposes ceased, as well as the concern that the Tele-snaps caused the BBC's legal team by raising questions about television images and copyright. In doing so, the article raises questions about the way that television was valued by those who made it, given that Cura was able to sustain a successful business for twenty years by creating a lasting record of a wide range of television programmes, many of which no longer exist in the BBC's archive.
Red Roads from Realism: Theorising Relationships between Technique and Theme in the Cinema of Andrea Arnold
Authors: Murray Jonathan
Published: January 2016

Andrea Arnold is one of the most critically discussed and debated of all early twenty-first-century British film-makers. This article starts from the proposition that the unusual amount of attention that Arnold's work has attracted to date stems not only from its undeniable cinematic accomplishment, but also its ambiguous positioning vis-à-vis domestic film and television traditions (primarily social realist ones). Taking Arnold's debut feature Red Road (2006) as a major case study and using Fish Tank (2009) and Wuthering Heights (2011) for comparison, I attempt to respond to that ambiguity by outlining and providing illustrative examples of certain key characteristics, both formal and thematic, of Arnold's feature-length films. These include her typical privileging of the individual and psychological over the collective and social, her pronounced interest in challenging binary oppositions between ideas of the human and the animal, and her highly developed awareness and expressive use of audiovisual form and style.
A Programmable Aerial Multispectral Camera System for In-Season Crop Biomass and Nitrogen Content Estimation
Authors: Geipel Jakob , Link Johanna , Wirwahn Jan , Claupein Wilhelm
Published: January 2016

The study introduces a prototype multispectral camera system for aerial estimation of above-ground biomass and nitrogen (N) content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The system is fully programmable and designed as a lightweight payload for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). It is based on an industrial multi-sensor camera and a customizable image processing routine. The system was tested in a split fertilized N field trial at different growth stages in between the end of stem elongation and the end of anthesis. The acquired multispectral images were processed to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and red-edge inflection point (REIP) orthoimages for an analysis with simple linear regression models. The best results for the estimation of above-ground biomass were achieved with the NDVI (R 2 = 0.72–0.85, RMSE = 12.3%–17.6%), whereas N content was estimated best with the REIP (R 2 = 0.58–0.89, RMSE = 7.6%–11.7%). Moreover, NDVI and REIP predicted grain yield at a high level of accuracy (R 2 = 0.89–0.94, RMSE = 9.0%–12.1%). Grain protein content could be predicted best with the REIP (R 2 = 0.76–0.86, RMSE = 3.6%–4.7%), with the limitation of prediction inaccuracies for N-deficient canopies.