bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Preservation and Utilization of Local Plants from Environmental Law Perspective in Badung Regency Government
Authors: Wijaya I Ketut kasta Arya , Senastri Ni Made Jaya , Styawati Ni Komang Arini , Sudira I Made
Published: October 2024

This study examines the optimization of the preservation and utilization of local Balinese plants in Badung Regency. Balinese Local Plants which are diverse and important needs such as for usdha, ceremonial facilities, and also greening have not been optimally empowered. There are still many plants that do not come from local Bali that are actually widely used in Bali, especially Badung. The research uses empirical legal research, with observations in the field, especially in the Badung area, in Badung uatra, especially in the evening and the area of local plant cultivation in Bali. Then it is supported by secondary data, in the form of research results and journal journals related to the issues discussed. The research examined and analyzed the policies that will be made in protecting and utilizing local Balinese plants to be optimized in the Balinese community, especially in Badung. In relation to the protection and management of the environment in local Balinese plants which are used for the benefit of daily needs and the needs of ceremonial facilities both on a small and medium scale, the preservation of local Balinese plants is included in the principles of environmental management, namely the protection of biodiversity. In order to provide protection for existing local wisdom such as the increasingly scarce Balinese lkal plant, the people's economic policy, by making customary law communities the main driver of the regional economy and expanding their access to existing financial institutions with services based on the existing legal system in the community. Policies made in the formation of regulations by changing the perspective of anthropocentric ways with an eco-culture perspective that sees indigenous communities as ecological socio-economic communities, which are more oriented towards preservation and utilization of local plants with maintenance of the environment are important.
Utilization of Hibiscus, Tamarind and Carob in Production of Low Calories Healthy Soft Drinks
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim Mahmoud Ahmed , Aal Hossam Zein Abdel , Saleh Hend Mohamed
Published: October 2024

The demand for carbonated beverages is increasing, offering opportunities to develop drinks with significant health benefits. Beverages containing carob, tamarind and hibiscus offer multiple nutritional and functional benefits and can serve as healthy alternatives to other soft drinks on the market. This is particularly important given the high sugar and calorie content of traditional soft drinks, which has been linked to increased issues associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease globally. The focus of the current work is to evaluate low-calorie soft drinks made from hibiscus, tamarind and carob and sweetened with erythritol that cater to diverse consumer segments, including diabetics and health-conscious individuals. Hibiscus, tamarind and carob extracts were sweetened with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g erythritol sugar/200 ml carbonated beverage. The results showed that the alcoholic extract from hibiscus cups gave the highest content of phenols and flavonoids (70.3 mg gallic/g on DW and 7.8 mg catechin/g on DW), followed by carob pod alcoholic extract (19.3 mg gallic/g on DW) and tamarind alcoholic extract (11.6 mg gallic/g on DW). Tamarind gave a higher content of flavonoids (2.3 mg/g) than carob (1.2 mg/g); however, carob pods had the highest antioxidant activity (91.92%), followed by tamarind pulp (87.66%) and hibiscus cups (79.76%).  The soft drinks of hibiscus and tamarind sweetened with erythritol at 1.5 g/200 ml gave the best sensory properties compared with control (adjusted by sucrose at 12% brix) and others concentrations used of erythritol sugar at (0.5 and 1.5 g /200 ml carbonated beverage). Carob pods soft drink sweetened with 0.5 g erythritol /200 ml gave the best sensory characteristics compared to the control sample and others concentrations of erythritol sugar at (1 and 1.5 g /200 ml carbonated beverage), which may be due to the high content of sugars in carob. Hibiscus carbonated beverage outperformed tamarind in terms of overall acceptability and carob carbonated beverage was the least acceptable in terms of sensory properties. Carob carbonated beverage recorded the highest antioxidant activity (90.9%) and phenolic content while representing the second highest in terms of flavonoids. Tamarind carbonated beverage ranked second in terms of antioxidant activity (86.0%) and phenolic content although it ranked first in terms of flavonoids. Hibiscus carbonated beverage recorded the lowest content in terms of antioxidant activity (79.36%), phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Hibiscus, tamarind and carob are a great choice for the production of carbonated beverages because they give the beverage desirable nutritional, cosmetic and medicinal qualities. Moreover, the simplicity of production and availability of raw materials allows for the stimulation of the economy by reducing dependence on multinational companies offering unhealthy or industrialized soft drinks.
Assessment of Combining Ability for Yield and Associated Traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Gund M.S. , Dhuppe M. V. , Pole S.P , Shelke P.R , Ubale S. P.
Published: October 2024

The study was carried out at the Oilseeds Research Station, Latur. During kharif 2023, crosses were produced and during Rabi 2023–24, evaluation was conducted to assess the combining ability for seed yield and component traits in parents and hybrids in sunflower. In this study, 48 F1 hybrids were produced through Line x Tester mating design during Kharif 2023 using six CMS lines (DSF-2 A, CMS 148A, CMS 47A, CMS 597A, CMS 103A, CMS 112A) and eight testers (RHA-1055, EC-601951-1, EC-601924, R-274, LTRR-341, AKSF-15R, BK-R-1, R-856). These hybrids were assessed using a Randomized Block Design with two replications at the Oilseeds Research Station in Latur during Rabi 2023–24, together with their 14 parent lines and two commercial checks (LSFH-171 and KBSH-44). The observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants and the average value of these data was calculated for ten quantitative attributes. The analysis of combining ability (GCA and SCA) effect was came out by using the Line x Tester analysis method suggested by Kempthorne [1]. The significance of GCA and SCA effects was determined at the 0.05 and 0.01 level using the t-test [2]. All characteristics had substantial significant variance due to line x tester effects. The existence of non-additive gene action for days to maturity, head diameter, seed filling, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant were recorded. The per cent contribution of testers towards total variance was greater than lines for all the characters except plant height. Among the parents, two lines CMS-597 A and CMS-47 A and four testers RHA-1055, EC-601924, R-274 and AKSF-15R were found to be superior general combiners for seed yield per plant and most of the yield contributing traits. On the basis of mean performance, SCA effects of crosses and GCA effects of the parents, the crosses viz., CMS-112 A x AKSF-15R, CMS-148 A x RHA-1055, CMS-597 A x R-856, CMS-47 A x R-274, CMS-597 A x LTRR-341, CMS-112 A x EC-601924 and CMS-597 A x EC-601951-1 recorded high SCA effect with low x high, low x high and high x high GCA status of parents for seed yield per plant.
Effects of Microwave Treatment on Alkyd-Varnished Wood Exposed to Outdoor Conditions
Authors: Ugur Buse , Ozkan Uğur , Sahin Halil Turgut
Published: October 2024

In this study, it was planned to investigate the effects of microwave irradiation (MW) prior to varnish applications on the pine wood samples, which are subjected to three months of outdoor exposure. The samples of 180W15s, 270W15s, 360W5s, and 360W15s showed lower water sorption properties than the control, while the rest of the samples showed higher sorption properties than the control sample. The lowest water sorption value was 12.50% (-3.85% lower than the control). It was found that post-microwave treated samples provide a 1–3 degree increases in resistance against selected cold liquids of distilled water, fruit juice, milk and coke under similar conditions. After three months of outdoor exposure of the samples, the surface scratch resistance of the samples was found to be 1 to 4 degrees softer than the control sample (HB to 3B pencil hardness properties). However, the cross-cut properties of the samples showed almost similar level of adhesion properties, mostly between 2 and 3 (control sample: 3), which was assumed to be not notable different from control, regardless of treatment conditions. It was found to have various discoloration properties of the samples which subjected to weathering procedure of post-microwave treated and alkyd-varnish aplied samples. But the larger-sized samples (A-type) have a higher and wider range for b* (yellowness) and a* (redness) values, while smaller-sized samples (a-type) showed a wider range and higher brightness (L*) properties. Moreover, A-type samples had higher total color difference values than a-types at similar treatment conditions. It is important to note that all measured samples show an ΔE >1.0 (metric) value, which means the discoloration after three months of outdoor exposure could be realizable when carefully examined by the human eye.
The results clearly indicated that the post-microwave radiation before alkyd-varnish application on pine wood samples were some level influences regarding the selected properties. The resistance of selected household cold liquids and surface cross-cut properties were prominent for some samples. In spite of wide properties measured, no any clear trend was found between MW radiation and selected properties.
Manifestation and Management of Cultural Heritage: An Analysis of the Old Towns of Kenyan Coastal Region
Authors: Mbuthia Susan , Kieti Damianah , Ipara Hellen
Published: October 2024

The study examined the current manifestation of intangible and tangible cultural heritage of old towns of Lamu and Mombasa in the coastal region of Kenya, with a view of evaluating management efforts by heritage managers in the region. An exploratory research design with a mixed method approach was used to generate new ideas and assumptions regarding how cultural heritage is manifested. A sample size of 110 participants from both towns was selected through multistage cluster sampling, out of which 15 heritage managers, 40 community household leaders and 55 community elders were selected using purposive and snowball techniques. The study utilized semi structured interview guides, photography and observation as data collection methods. Descriptive analysis, content analysis-specifically attribution and designation analysis were used to analyze data. The study established that cultural heritage in the old towns is manifested through symbols, values and artefacts and architecture. Among the most evident manifestations in both old towns are in the form of wedding ceremonies, burial rituals, and limited cultural festivals especially during key religious practices Manifested architectural heritage undergoing shocks is restored for tourism purposes. However, intangible heritage is preserved, not for tourism purposes but as part of local’s way of life and as dictated by cultural values such as religion. Most organizations concerned with management of cultural heritage recognize its importance and have adapted reconstruction and restoration methods of tangible heritage especially old architecture. Among preferred recommendations were that tourism as the main economic activity in the region should be developed to benefit cultural heritage. The article advocates promoting resilience of heritage through gainful economic activities such as tourism to promote its posterity.
Awareness of DepEd Core Values among Grade 12 Students in a Public High School in the Philippines
Authors: Ayon Jayson S. , Fernando Daniel S. , Bual Joel M.
Published: October 2024

This study determined the level of awareness of Department of Education (DepEd) core values among grade 12 students in a public school in Antique, Philippines, in the areas of maka-Diyos (Godly), makatao (person-oriented), makakalikasan (pro-environment), and makabansa (patriotism). Likewise, the study assessed the significant difference in their awareness of DepEd core values relative to their demographics. Hence, the study utilized quantitative research design, particularly descriptive-comparative approaches. The theoretical framework of the study is the ecological systems theory, which assumes the influence of a series of nested systems and environments in shaping human development. This indicates the need for considering the larger ecological context that drives core value awareness. Meanwhile, using the adopted questionnaire, data were collected from 293 Grade 12 senior high school students in a public high school in Antique, Philippines, during the school year 2023-2024. In the analysis of data, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were employed to analyze both the descriptive and inferential problems. The study revealed that the overall core value awareness of students was very high (M=4.35, SD=0.48). This shows that the students at this public school fully recognized the four DepEd core values, namely, maka-Diyos, makatao, makakalikasan, and makabansa. Also, among all the four demographics, only sex [U=7782.5, P=0.001] and strand [χ2(5) =13.739, P=0.017] were found with significant differences. The findings postulate that to elicit students’ core value awareness, strengthening educational policies on consistent core value integration in school curricula, programs, and activities is greatly encouraged. The findings also convey the need to strengthen sustainable teacher orientation to maintain their students' high awareness.
Nutritional Genomics: The Use of Personalized Diets for Managing Depression
Authors: Owoyemi Ewaoluwa Promise , Agwaza Kernen Paul , Doris Ogbonna Kosisochukwu , Egwuatu Donatus Chigozie , Ogunye Rachael Olakunmi , Anene Peter Chidendu , Azubuike Eberechukwu Osinachi , Ojobor Jane-Frances Chinenye , Odanibeh David , Asenuga Oluwabusola Oluwakorede , Nwokafor Chibuzo Valentine
Published: October 2024

Millions worldwide suffer from major depression, and recent studies have highlighted the effect of diet on mental health. However, research using nutritional genomics to create personalized diets for managing depression is still limited. This review explores the role of nutritional genomics in developing personalized dietary strategies for depression, focusing on key genetic markers. A comprehensive review of current literature, with a focus on studies that analyze the interplay between specific genes, nutrient intake, and depression was carried out. Databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched using keywords like “nutritional genomics,” “personalized diets,” and “depression.” Relevant articles were also selected based on their contribution to how genetic variations affect dietary components linked to mental health. We identified several genetic markers such as SLC6A4 and BDNF that may influence how individuals with depression respond to specific nutrients, such as vitamin D, folate, and omega-3 fatty acids. These markers include variations in genes related to neurotransmitter pathways, inflammation, and neuroplasticity. This review highlights the potential of nutritional genomics as a tool for creating more individualized dietary plans for managing depression. With the use of genetic insights into dietary recommendations, healthcare providers could offer more targeted interventions.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Various Antibiotics Use in Paediatric Inpatients: Insights from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: K Bala Teresa , Abrar Mohammed , Padman Vaidurya S , Reddy Varshini V , Shabnam Sameera , Jomon Jemimah Mary , D Nagarjuna
Published: October 2024

Background: Antimicrobial consumption has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance, a major concern to the healthcare system as it has severe consequences, including loss of life. Antimicrobial resistance predicts 4.7 million deaths in Asia by 2050.
Objective: To reduce, the risk of antimicrobial resistance, misuse of antibiotics and prevent the possible drug interactions.
Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted in paediatric department for 6 months. In-patients who were under antibiotic therapy and patients with co-morbid conditions were included in the study.
Results: A total of 160 patients were enrolled in this study among which males (56.25%) were more predominant than females (43.75%). Majority of the subjects were aged between 1-11years which accounts 56.25%. Respiratory tract infections (RTI) (33%) were the most common. Ceftriaxone was the commonly prescribed antibiotic 24.64%. The common dosage form of antibiotics were injectables in 91.39% cases. A total of 40 drug-drug interactions were found among which 80% were antibiotics interacting with other drugs. In this study 6.87% subjects underwent antibiotic sensitivity testing, whereas remaining 93.12% did not undergo any such.
Conclusion: We conclude that the development of institutional guidelines for diagnosing and treating common infectious diseases can minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance in paediatric patients. In addition, implementing antibiotic stewardship strategies can help in avoiding unintended consequences.
Innovations in Drug Delivery: From Microtechnology to Targeted Therapeutics
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Abid , Rasheed Namra , Ghauri Hamza , Shahzad Muhammad Obaidullah , Hamza Ameer , Rafique Muhammad Hasnat , Nasir Minahil , Siddique Mavra , Gill Wasta Aslam , Tayyab Syed Taimoor
Published: October 2024

Drug delivery systems are developed to maximize drug efficacy and minimize side effects. As drug delivery technologies improve, the drug becomes safer and more comfortable for patients to use. The study on advanced drug delivery systems aims to increase patient compliance, decrease adverse effects, and improve treatment efficacy. Furthermore, the goal of these systems is to deliver drugs to particular body tissues or cells in a targeted manner, which should enhance treatment outcomes. During the last seven decades, extraordinary progress has been made in drug delivery technologies, such as systems for long-term delivery for months and years, localized delivery, and targeted delivery. In this review, we explain the general principles of several advanced drug delivery systems, their introduction objective, components, mechanism, functioning principle, and application. The implantable polymeric drug delivery system, cardiac pacemaker, prefilled dual chamber device, closed-loop insulin delivery system, hepatic infusion pumps, MEMS devices, inhaled insulin devices, and hydrogel-forming microneedles are among the medical devices that are being discussed in this article as being at the forefront of technological innovation in medicine. For a variety of medical diseases, these devices provide minimally invasive procedures, real-time monitoring, and more accurate drug delivery. The scope of medical treatment and monitoring procedures is changing due to the integration of cutting-edge materials and technology. By increasing convenience, decreasing adverse effects, and increasing efficacy, these cutting-edge solutions directly help patients. Furthermore, the adoption of advanced drug delivery systems has demonstrated promising results in enhancing patient compliance and treatment outcomes. By increasing the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of pharmaceuticals, these systems have the potential to transform the fields of drug delivery and personalized medicine. However, the field also faces challenges in overcoming physicochemical barriers and biological unknowns. Challenges facing the advanced drug delivery systems industry include complicated formulation requirements, regulatory obstacles, and the need for new technologies to enhance patient outcomes and therapeutic efficacy. Strict intellectual property rules and competition from generic drug manufacturers can also directly hinder the expansion and financial success of businesses in this field.  To progress, the field should focus on translatable research ideas, develop realistic goals, and most importantly, diversify technologies. This emphasis on diversity will inspire new ideas and approaches, leading to the development of more effective, patient-friendly drug delivery systems.
Evaluating the Influence of Legume and Cereal Intercropping on Bt Cotton Traits in Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Choudhary Raghuveer , Vekariya P. D. , Sakarvadia H. L. , Solanki Bhavik , Choudhary Mahendra , Jaiswal Jatin , Gurjar Satyanarayan , Choudhary Khemendra
Published: October 2024

This study investigates how various intercropping systems involving cereals and legumes affect the phenotypic characteristics of Bt cotton. Understanding that intercropping can improve agricultural sustainability and production, we grew Bt cotton alongside various cereal and leguminous crops in several field tests. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different cotton based intercropping systems under rainfed conditions on important phenotypic characteristics of cotton, including dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and boll weight in black calcareous soil under rainfed conditions. The experiment conducted at Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat during kharif 2022-23 and 2023-24 with randomized block design with fifteen treatments, involving sole and intercropping systems of groundnut, sunflower, pearl millet, maize and soybean with cotton in 1:1 row proportion. According to our research, intercropping legumes like green gram, black gram and groundnut significantly improved cotton phenotypic characteristics as compare to other intercropping systems by increasing soil fertility and lowering insect burden. Dry matter per plant at 60, 90 DAS, at harvest and average boll weight were found significantly higher under sole cotton except 30 DAS during both the years of experimentation and in pooled results. Among different intercropping systems, the cotton + green gram (T14) intercropping recorded the highest dry matter, CGR and average boll weight while the lowest was recorded with the cotton + maize (T12) intercropping system. Overall, the findings show that while cereal-based systems necessitate careful management to balance competition and resource consumption, incorporating legumes into Bt cotton agriculture can provide significant agronomic benefits, including higher growth and yield. This study emphasises how crucial it is to choose the right intercrops in order to maximise the productivity and efficiency of Bt cotton systems.
The Role of International Cooperation in Sustainable Development in Nigeria: An Overview
Authors: Adiele Obinna Nick , Pepper Ejiroghene Pamela , Animashaun Samuel Adejare , Moses Olawale Victor , Aiwekhoe Abigail Happy , Aliyu Irene Onoshioze , Agu Johnmartins Ugochukwu , Nnaji Mirabel Nneoma , Igeleke Precious , Agbah Elohor , Israel Ogorchukwu Glory
Published: October 2024

Sustainable development in Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is an urgent priority due to the interplay of rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and socio-economic challenges. Nigeria has adopted global frameworks such as the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and various partnerships, including those with the African Union (AU), the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO), to address these concerns. International cooperation has played a pivotal role in Nigeria’s development by facilitating technical expertise and financial support across critical sectors like agriculture, health, energy, and environmental management. This paper employs the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and Results-Based Management (RBM) to analyze how such collaboration has driven progress and highlights the challenges Nigeria faces in achieving sustainable development, including governance issues, over-exploitation of natural resources, and poverty. While international partnerships have catalyzed efforts toward Nigeria’s development goals, significant gaps remain that require attention, such as corruption, environmental degradation, and inadequate infrastructure.
Um Grupo Terapêutico Vivendo o Luto na Terceira Idade: Uma Análise Qualitativa
Authors: L.Freire Anna Laura , Vandenberghe Luc , R. Pires Isabella Tereza , L. Brito Amanda , C. Ávila Isadora , B. Menezes Renata
Published: October 2024

Old age is marked by various losses, including that of loved ones. How these are experienced depends on individual and environmental factors adding to the typical vulnerabilities of old age. A study with nine elderly people bereaved by the death of loved ones aimed to understand how a therapy group can support healthy mourning. The meetings were structured along Stroebe and Schut’s Dual Process Model of grief, with the use of strategies from Contextual Behavioral Therapies and principles from Integrative Community Therapy. Session audios were analyzed using the precepts of Grounded Theory Analysis. The results showed a gradual reframing of grief occurred among the participants. Throughout the sessions, processes of socialization, acceptance, active engagement, increased emotional availability to others and diversifi cation of perspective stood out. The results allow us to affi rm the feasibility of contextual therapy for groups of bereaved elderly people.Keywords: Elderly, mourning, therapeutic groups, contextual behavioral therapies, grounded theory.
Incidence And Risk Factors Of Retinopathy Of Prematurity: An Observational Study
Authors: Kumar Dr Gurugubelli Syam , Arigela Dr Vasundhara , Balloji Dr. Chaitanya
Published: October 2024

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity is a condition where development of abnormal retinal vessels is secondary to an incomplete vascularization of retinal tissue due to hyperoxia, causing feedback inhibition of VEGF and destruction of endothelial cells. The risk factors of ROP should be identified to prevent disease development, and the knowledge of its etiology may help neonatologists and ophthalmologists perform careful screening and executive accurate diagnosis. In view of less literature on ROP in India, the current study was undertaken. Methods: This is a hospital-based observational study done on Neonates born at our tertiary care center- ASRAM Medical College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh. The study was done for 6 months. Preterm infants having birth weight ≤ 1500g or gestational age ≤ 32 weeks or BW > 1500g or GA between 32 to 37 weeks with either respiratory distress syndrome, or sepsis, blood transfusions, and intraventricular hemorrhage were included. Results: ROP found in 21% infants. There is no significant difference in gender, mean gestational age between two grroups. Among 21 infants with ROP, 11 had stage 1 ROP, 8 had stage 2 and 2 had stage 3 ROP. There is significant difference in mean birth weight in between two groups. Conclusion: Impaired lung function (indicating the need for usage of surfactant) which may be, caused by pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or hyaline membrane disease, is an important risk factor for the development of ROP. ROP needs prompt therapeutic interventions to maintain high interest at this stage
Maggots Infestation In End Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma And Multimodal Management Of The Dipterous Larvae - A Narrative Review
Authors: C Dr. Chandoorya , Ahamed Dr. Saneem A , Muralidharan Dr. , Deenadayalan Dr. N. , C Dr. Chandoorya
Published: October 2024

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Nanotechnology In Prosthodontics
Authors: M Dr. Sri Santhoshini. , Ali Dr. Seyed Asharaf , Karthigeyan Dr. Suma , Kumar Dr. N. Mahendira
Published: October 2024

Nanotechnology is rapidly transforming the field of medicine, offering new and innovative solutions to some of the most complex challenges in healthcare. At its core, nanotechnology involves manipulating and engineering materials at the nanometer scale, where unique physical, chemical, and biological properties emerge. In medicine, this ability to work at such a small scale opens the door to revolutionary advancements, such as targeted drug delivery systems, improved diagnostic tools, regenerative medicine, and even nanoscale surgery. Nanotechnology in prosthodontics represents a transformative approach to dental restoration and rehabilitation, enhancing the precision and effectiveness. Commonly used dental materials, despite their limitations in physical and biological properties, have not been replaced but can instead be enhanced with nanomaterials to improve their inherent qualities while remaining cost-effective. The current article focuses on the nanomaterials utilized in prosthodontics
Clinical Pharmacology Of Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulators In The Prevention Of Breast Cancer, Osteoporosis, Coronary Heart Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Use In Hormone Replacement Therapy, Cholesterol Metabolism
Authors: Jhansi Gangisetty , Priyanka Nidumolu , Ravisankar Panchumarthy , Gottipati Satheesh S
Published: October 2024

Oestrogen is the key regulatory hormone for the development and maintenance of reproductive functions and affects various physiological systems, including the skeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is highly effective in postmenopausal women, addressing menopausal symptoms and providing beneficial effects on osteoporosis and coronary heart disease. However, ERT is associated with significant side effects, such as an increased risk of breast cancer. To mitigate these risks, selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been developed. SERMs are a growing class of synthetic nonsteroidal compounds that act as oestrogen receptor agonists or antagonists in a tissue-specific manner. They can selectively activate or inhibit oestrogen receptors in different tissues throughout the body. SERMs are used to treat a variety of conditions, including ER-positive breast cancer, osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cholesterol metabolism disorders in postmenopausal women. Specific SERMs are employed for different conditions: raloxifene for osteoporosis, tamoxifen and toremifene for breast cancer, clomiphene for the induction of ovulation, and ormeloxifene for oral contraception. Arzoxifene is used for altering cholesterol metabolism. Each SERM forms a unique complex with oestrogen receptors, influencing target tissues and resulting in a tissue-selective pharmacological profile. This unique mechanism of action translates into specific safety and efficacy profiles for each SERM. The surprising pharmacology of SERMs has sparked interest in developing new selective medications, allowing for precise treatment of various diseases. This article reviews the pharmacological properties of SERMs and explains how they differ from oestrogen in their actions.
Evaluation Of Bone Thickness At Different Anatomical Sites In Infrazygomatic Crest For Miniscrew Insertion In Skeletal Class II Patients – A CBCT Study
Authors: Balachandran Dr. Hrudya , Pp Dr. Shafeequdheen , Varghese Dr. Shaji T , Unni Dr. Megha C , Kc Dr. Suparna
Published: October 2024

AIM: To assess infrazygomatic crest bone thickness at different anatomical sites at a distance of 5mm, 7mm, 9mm and 11mm apical to cementoenamel junction, 70 degree to occlusal plane in skeletal class II patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The sample consists of cone beam computed tomography images of 23 class II subjects were evaluated. Infrazygomatic crest bone thickness was evaluated at the six horizontal regions (i) interdental area between maxillary second premolar (PM2) and first molar(M1) (ii) Mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar (MB root of M1) (iii) Distobuccal root of maxillary first molar(DB root of M1) (iv) interdental area between maxillary first molar(M1) and second molar(M2) (v) Mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molar(MB root of M2) (vi) Distobuccal root of maxillary second molar (DB root of M2) at a vertical distance of 5mm,7mm,9mm and 11mm apical to cementoenamel junction, 70 degree to occlusal plane. Results: The buccal bone thickness increase from mesial surface of maxillary first molar to mesial surface of maxillary second molar from cement enamel junction at the level of 11mm, 70 degree to the occlusal plane. The bone thickness decreases at the second molar level. Conclusion: The safe site for insertion of miniscrews in the infrazygomatic crest were the interdental region between the maxillary first and second molars at the heights of 11 mm from cementoenamel junction and 70 degree to the occlusal plane
Response Of Radiation Therapy Between 30 Gy In 10 Fractions Versus 20 Gy In 5 Fractions In The Management Of Bony Metastasis
Authors: Trina Shamima Afroz , Sarkar Anannya , Kader Kazi Manzur
Published: October 2024

Background: Bone metastases are a common complication of advanced-stage cancers, particularly affecting patients with lung, breast, and prostate cancers. Palliative radiotherapy is a primary modality used to alleviate pain and improve quality of life. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of two radiotherapy fractionation schedules—20 Gy in 5 fractions versus 30 Gy in 10 fractions—in managing bone metastases in a resource-limited setting. Methods: This prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted at the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2014 to December 2014. A total of 60 patients were divided into two arms: Arm A received 20 Gy in 5 fractions, and Arm B received 30 Gy in 10 fractions. Radiological and laboratory investigations were conducted pre- and post-treatment, and toxicity was monitored. Patient responses were assessed using RECIST version 2.0 criteria. Results: Complete response was achieved in 60.00% of Arm A patients and 66.67% of Arm B patients. Partial responses were observed in 36.67% of patients in Arm A and 33.33% in Arm B. Genitourinary toxicity was significantly higher in Arm A (p = 0.003), while skin toxicity resolved in all patients after 3 months. SGPT levels were significantly higher in Arm B both after 1 month (p = 0.001) and 3 months (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Both fractionation schedules were effective in managing bone metastases, with comparable pain relief and response rates. However, toxicity profiles differed, highlighting the importance of individualized treatment planning, especially in resource-limited settings.
Advanced Techniques In Oral Oncology: AComprehensiveReview
Authors: A.S Dr. Sreedevi. , Thamaraiselvi Dr. D. , Veeravarmal Dr. V. , Amsaveni Dr. R.
Published: October 2024

The most common type of oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is still amajor global health concern. Due to delayed diagnoses, which are frequently caused by low public awareness and fewscreeningalternatives, the five-year survival rate is still low. Modernmethods in oral oncology have arisen to enhance patient outcomes and early identification, including as molecular and imaging diagnostics. This review showcases several cutting-edge diagnostic techniques, including flow cytometry, next-generation sequencing(NGS), chemiluminescence, toluidine blue, immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and nano-diagnostics. By providing insights into tumor behaviourand enabling customized treatment approaches, these techniques advance our knowledge of the genetic and proteomic landscape of oral cancer. Combining these cutting-edge approaches with conventional diagnosticsmight greatly improve the accuracy of OSCC detection and risk assessment, despite drawbacks like false positives and expensive procedures. Improving patient care greatly depends on the creation of quick, noninvasive procedures and the investigation of genetic biomarkers. The present review highlightsthe need for continued research and training in oral oncology to maximize early diagnosis and intervention strategies
Comparative Evaluation Of Retrievability Of Calcium Hydroxide From Apical Third Of Root Canal With Commercially Available Root Canal Irrigants: An InVitro Study
Authors: Sahota Dr. Jagriti , Kumar Dr. Vijay , Verma Dr. Shweta , Sharma Dr. Neeraj , Kumari Dr. Shilpa , Garg Dr. Shobhita
Published: October 2024

Context: Calcium hydroxide is the most widely used intracanal medicament to aid chemomechanical preparation to thoroughly clean the root canal system. However, it is important to completely remove the medicament for predictable success of the root canal treatment. Aim: This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of irriganting solutions and irrigation methods to remove calcium hydroxide from the root canal system. Material and Methodology: Eighty extracted single rooted teeth were selected and instrumented using ProTaper Gold rotary files, followed by application of calcium hydroxide. After incubating for a week, teeth were randomly allocated into 8 groups (n=10) based on irrigating solution (17% EDTA, 1% Phytic Acid, 3% NaOCl, 70% Ethanol) and method of irrigation used (PUI and NAI). The sample teeth were then sectioned horizontally to assess the residual calcium hydroxide on the canal walls under Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. Statistical analysis: The difference in the mean value of the two parameters was assessed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey’s test was used for post hoc multiple comparisons between different groups. The level of significance was fixed at p<0.05. Results: None of the irrigants were able to completely remove the calcium hydroxide from the root canal. However, irrigation with 70% Ethanol presented significantly cleaner root canal walls in NAI. Conclusion: 70% Ethanol presented with least amount of residual calcium hydroxide in comparison with phytic acid and commercially available irrigants i.e., EDTA and NaOCl in both NAI and PUI.
Evaluating The Antiviral Potential Of Fluoxetine, Sertraline, And Escitalopram Against SARS-CoV-2 In Vero Cells: A Drug Repurposing Study
Authors: Adamu Adamu Ahmed , Tukur Umar Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, remains a global health crisis with limited therapeutic options. Despite the availability of vaccines, the rapid evolution of viral variants necessitates the exploration of alternative treatments. Drug repositioning, the use of existing medications for new therapeutic indications, offers a promising approach. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram have shown potential antiviral properties due to their immunomodulatory effects. This study investigates the impact of these SSRIs on SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) in Vero cells. Materials and Methods: Vero cells were cultured and treated with varying concentrations of fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram. Ivermectin, was used as a positive control. The cytotoxicity of these drugs was assessed using the Neutral Red assay. After viral infection of the cells, cytopathic effects were measured to determine the antiviral activity of the drugs. IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values were calculated for each drug, and the results were compared using statistical analysis. Results: Fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2- induced cytopathic effects, with escitalopram showing the highest efficacy (IC50 = 0.02557 µM, p < 0.03). The selectivity indices (SI) for fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram were significantly higher than that of ivermectin, indicating their safety at higher doses. Escitalopram exhibited superior antiviral activity, with up to 38% inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-induced CPE, compared to ivermectin's 10%. Conclusion: Fluoxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram, particularly escitalopram, are promising candidates for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. These SSRIs exhibit significant inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effects in Vero cells, suggesting their potential use as therapeutic agents against COVID-19. Further studies are requiredto confirm their clinical efficacy and safety in human subjects.
Métastases Cutanées Révélatrices D’un Adénocarcinome Broncho-Pulmonaire : À Propos D’un Cas Et Revue De Littérature
Authors: Kilali R. El , Ibelkouchene O. , Bouras M. , Najimi R. , Soualhi M.
Published: October 2024

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The functional roles of retromer in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cui Yi , Yang Zhe , Teasdale Rohan D.
Published: December 2017

The endosomal system is critical for the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis, and defects in this system are often linked to neurological disorders. The retromer complex is a critical coordinator of endosomal dynamics and has functional roles in multiple cellular processes through sorting cargoes from endosomes to the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) or to the plasma membrane. Mammalian retromer comprises a core Vps26‐Vps35‐Vps29 trimer and associates with a range of proteins to generate endosomal tubular‐vesicular carriers. Alterations in retromer function or its molecular organization have been a rising risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Although genetic evidence has shown several variants within retromer in late‐onset PD cases, the exact molecular machineries by which retromer variants induce the development of PD are still not completely elucidated. In this Review, we will focus on the functional roles of retromer in neuronal health, summarize advances in defining the cellular pathological phenotype caused by retromer deficiency or PD‐linked retromer variants and discuss the potential clues of how retromer deregulation may contribute to PD pathogenesis.
SAPS‐Associated Explosive Brightening on the Duskside: A New Type of Onset‐Like Disturbance
Authors: Henderson M. G. , Morley S. K. , Kepko L. E.
Published: December 2017

Quasiperiodic energetic particle injections have been observed at geosynchronous orbit on the duskside during a steady magnetospheric convection event. We examine high‐resolution auroral imager data and ground magnetometer data associated with the first of these injections and conclude that it was not associated with classical substorm signatures. It is proposed that these injections are caused by the explosive nonlinear growth of a shear flow‐ballooning instability in the region where subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) also occur. It is suggested that interchange will occur preferentially in the low‐conductivity SAPS region since the magnetic Richardson number is lowest there and the “line‐tying” effect will also be least stabilizing there. We propose that the observed particle injection signatures and auroral morphology constitute a new type of SAPS‐associated explosive “onset‐like” disturbance that can occur during intervals of strong convection.
Bow Shock Generator Current Systems: MMS Observations of Possible Current Closure
Authors: Hamrin M. , Gunell H. , Lindkvist J. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Ergun R. E. , Giles B. L.
Published: December 2017

We use data from the first two dayside seasons of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission to study current systems associated with quasi‐perpendicular bow shocks of generator type. We have analyzed 154 MMS bow shock crossings near the equatorial plane. We compute the current density during the crossings and conclude that the component perpendicular to the shock normal (J⊥) is consistent with a pileup of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) inside the magnetosheath. For predominantly southward IMF, we observe a component Jn parallel (antiparallel) to the normal for GSM Y > 0 (<0), and oppositely directed for northward IMF. This indicates current closure across the equatorial magnetosheath, and it is observed for IMF clock angles near 0∘ and 180∘. To our knowledge, these are the first observational evidence for bow shock current closure across the magnetosheath. Since we observe no clear signatures of |J⊥| decreasing toward large |Y| we suggest that the main region of current closure is further tailward, outside MMS probing region. For IMF clock angles near 90∘, we find indications of the current system being tilted toward the north‐south direction, obtaining a significant Jz component, and we suggest that the current closes off the equatorial plane at higher latitudes where the spacecraft are not probing. The observations are complicated for several reasons. For example, variations in the solar wind and the magnetospheric currents and loads affect the closure, and Jn is distributed over large regions, making it difficult to resolve inside the magnetosheath proper.
Ice‐Shelf Melt Response to Changing Winds and Glacier Dynamics in the Amundsen Sea Sector, Antarctica
Authors: Donat‐Magnin Marion , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Spence Paul , Le Sommer Julien , Gallée Hubert , Durand Gaël
Published: December 2017

It has been suggested that the coastal Southern Ocean subsurface may warm over the 21st century in response to strengthening and poleward shifting winds, with potential adverse effects on West Antarctic glaciers. However, using a 1/12° ocean regional model that includes ice‐shelf cavities, we find a more complex response to changing winds in the Amundsen Sea. Simulated offshore subsurface waters get colder under strengthened and poleward shifted winds representative of the SAM projected trend. The buoyancy‐driven circulation induced by ice‐shelf melt transports this cold offshore anomaly onto the continental shelf, leading to cooling and decreased melt below 450 m. In the vicinity of ice‐shelf fronts, Ekman pumping contributes to raise the isotherms in response to changing winds. This effect overwhelms the horizontal transport of colder offshore waters at intermediate depths (between 200 and 450 m), and therefore increases melt rates in the upper part of the ice‐shelf cavities, which reinforces the buoyancy‐driven circulation and further contributes to raise the isotherms. Then, prescribing an extreme grounding line retreat projected for 2100, the total melt rates simulated underneath Thwaites and Pine Island are multiplied by 2.5. Such increase is explained by a larger ocean/ice interface exposed to CDW, which is then amplified by a stronger melt‐induced circulation along the ice draft. Our main conclusions are that (1) outputs from ocean models that do not represent ice shelf cavities (e.g., CMIP5 models) should not be directly used to predict the thermal forcing of future ice shelf cavities; (2) coupled ocean/ice sheet models with a velocity‐dependent melt formulation are needed for future projections of glaciers experiencing a significant grounding line retreat.
The Superstatistical Nature and Interoccurrence Time of Atmospheric Mercury Concentration Fluctuations
Authors: Carbone F. , Bruno A. G. , Naccarato A. , De Simone F. , Gencarelli C. N. , Sprovieri F. , Hedgecock I. M. , Landis M. S. , Skov H. , Pfaffhuber K. A. , Read K. A. , Martin L. , Angot H. , Dommergue A. , Magand O. , Pirrone N.
Published: December 2017

The probability density function (PDF) of the time intervals between subsequent extreme events in atmospheric Hg0concentration data series from different latitudes has been investigated. The Hg0dynamic possesses a long‐term memory autocorrelation function. Above a fixed thresholdQin the data, the PDFs of the interoccurrence time of the Hg0data are well described by a Tsallis q‐exponential function. This PDF behavior has been explained in the framework of superstatistics, where the competition between multiple mesoscopic processes affects the macroscopic dynamics. An extensive parameterμ, encompassing all possible fluctuations related to mesoscopic phenomena, has been identified. It follows aχ2distribution, indicative of the superstatistical nature of the overall process. Shuffling the data series destroys the long‐term memory, the distributions become independent ofQ, and the PDFs collapse on to the same exponential distribution. The possible central role of atmospheric turbulence on extreme events in the Hg0data is highlighted.