bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Nutritional Status for Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Bakr El-Sayed Hamed , Bosaeed Bashayer Omar , Alkhiri Dalal Mohammed , Basaqr Reem Othman , Ahmed Marwa Amer
Published: December 2024

Background: Malnutrition is highly prevalent among intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is considered one of the major public health problems associated with a variety of negative clinical outcomes. Therefore, identifying malnourished patients as early as possible on admission to the ICU by applying nutritional assessment will help in developing appropriate nutritional plans to minimize the consequences of malnutrition and may reduce the length of ventilator dependency and ICU- length of stay (LOS). Several nutritional assessment tools are used to identify patients at nutritional risk using various criteria including anthropometric data, history of weight loss, clinical diagnosis, physical examination, and dietary intake. Objective: This study sought to assess the nutritional status of ICU patients who are on enteral feeding by detecting the prevalence of malnutrition risk among them at different hospitals in Holy Makkah. Materials and Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study that was conducted on 100 ICU patients on enteral feeding. Patients were recruited from ICUs words in the Saudi Ministry of Health’s Hospital connected to Holy Makkah Healthcare Cluster. The Nutritional Screening and Assessment Tool was used to evaluate Patients’ nutritional status. Data analysis were statistically performed using SPSS program version 23. Results: The nutritional assessment of the ICU patients showed that 79% were at high risk of malnutrition, and most of these (78%) had low albumin levels. Moreover, 18% of the patients were underfed based on calorie intake and 37% of them were underfed based on protein intake. Furthermore, there was an association between patients’ risk level for malnutrition and some factors, including gender and feeding type (P = 0.014 and P = 0.012, respectively). Conclusion: The findings indicate a prevalence of malnutrition risk among ICU patients in some Holy Makkah Hospitals was 79%, with underfed calories and protein.
Factors in Household Settings Linked to the Feeding and Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6-23 months in Rural Farming Districts, Ghana
Authors: Asamoah Christiana Nsiah- , Adjei George , Agblorti Samuel , Doku David Teye
Published: December 2024

The UNICEF Conceptual Framework of Determinants of Undernutrition indicates that most of these determinants that result in malnutrition in children originate at the household level. This study investigates household factors associated with stunting, wasting, underweight, and adherence to a minimum acceptable diet (MAD) among children aged 6 to 23 months in two predominately farming districts in Ghana. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 935 households. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to gather information on household characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and children's dietary intake. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the relationships between household factors and child nutrition outcomes using Stata software (version 15.0). Findings revealed that children residing in a household with a high monthly income between GH¢100 - GH¢300 (AOR= 2.03, 95% CI: 1.29 - 3.23, p= 0.003) and had access to toilet facilities (AOR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.11 - 2.63, p = 0.015) were significantly more likely to receive a MAD. Conversely, children belonging to larger households (7 - 10 members) had a significantly lower likelihood of receiving an adequate MAD (AOR= 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06 -0.39, p<0.001) and were more likely to experience stunting (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.21 - 4.17, p=0.010). Living in households with small sizes, high monthly income earnings and access to toilet facilities are positive predictors of children receiving MAD. Belonging to households with high-income earnings was protective against wasting and being underweight. Therefore, interventions that promote family planning, offering well-paid jobs, and ensuring access to sanitation amenities are critical in rural settings to prevent undernutrition in children.
Feasibility of Carotenoid Production by Novel Yeast, Occultifur sp. M2004, for Nutraceutical Applications
Authors: Promsai Saran , Promnuan Yaowanoot , Meelai Sujinan
Published: December 2024

One of the most prominent pigments found in nature, carotenoids are employed extensively in the cosmeceuticals, pharmaceuticals, food industries, and feeding sectors in addition to phytomedicine. Recently, microbial synthesis of products has gained popularity in various industrial sectors. The economic and environmental aspects of microbial carotenoid production have attracted a lot of attention. The aims of this research were to investigate the potential of novel yeast, Occultifur sp. M2004 for carotenoids production, identify the pigment structure and evaluate the anti-collagenase and anti-elastase properties of pigments produced by a newly isolated yeast. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that this strain was sensitive to colistin and gentamicin but resistant to co-trimoxazole, vancomycin, gentamicin, amoxiclav, doxycycline, ampicillin, and cefalexin. The optimal conditions for yeast growth and red pigmentation were achieved by cultivating in yeast extract-glucose (YG) medium at pH 6, 25 °C with agitation at 150 rpm for 7 d. Beta-carotene was identified as the produced pigment using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) technique and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities were 2.61 μg/mL and 100.16 μg/mL, respectively. This study highlights the potential of Occultifur sp. M2004 as a valuable and versatile resource for producing carotenoids, which could have potential applications in nutraceuticals.
Effects of Vitamin C and E Supplementation with High-Intensity Swimming on Bone Adaption in Mice
Authors: Sari Gadis Meinar , Swannjo Julian Benedict , Arifandi Yoga Akbar , Herawati Lilik , Irwadi Irfiansyah , Ananta Silvia Maya
Published: December 2024

The importance of physical activity has grown in recent years, as seen by a rise in physical activity. High-intensity exercise can be harmful to bone health if not done correctly. This study investigates the effect of high-intensity exercise mixed with vitamin C and supplementation on bone cellular plasticity, with the goal of discovering new techniques to improve skeletal integrity. A study was performed on 28 female mice (Mus musculus) that were healthy, not pregnant, and were between 3 and 4 months. The mice weighed between 18 and 35 grams. The mice were allocated into four groups through a random process: a control group (CON), which did not receive any specific treatment; a group that received supplementation of vitamins C and E (VIT); a group that underwent high-intensity swimming exercise (EXC); and a combined treatment group that received both vitamin supplementation and high-intensity exercise (CBD). After a period of 28 days, femur bones were gathered for histological examination in order to quantify the amount of osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and cortex thickness. The EXC group had the fewest osteoblasts (25.86 ± 4.667) and osteocytes (26.86 ± 4.667), which suggests that the intense exercise caused a lot of bone breakdown. In contrast, the group that received both exercise and vitamin supplementation, known as the CBD group, had markedly larger numbers of osteoblasts (37.86 ± 3.635) and osteocytes (54.7 ± 7.154), while having the lowest count of osteoclasts (0.714 ± 0.184). The statistical analysis showed significant disparities in the number of osteocytes and osteoblasts between the EXC group and both the VIT and CBD groups (p<0.05). Intense activity in mice leads to an increase in bone resorption, which may negatively affect bone health. Supplementation with vitamins C and E has been shown to have a preventive effect by promoting bone formation. Additional investigation is necessary to examine the fundamental processes and lasting consequences.
Physico-chemical and Sensory Analysis of Calcium-Fortified Cracker with Cricket Protein Source
Authors: Singhato Alongkote , Rueangsri Narisa , Daroonpunt Rungsima , Kongthitilerd Phutthida , Thanomsridetchai Natthapaninee
Published: December 2024

Calcium (Ca) deficiency is a major public health problem that leads to bone health complications. This study aimed to develop a Ca-fortified cracker with a cricket protein source, a high-quality alternative source of protein that involves low-cost production. Four recipes of the cracker with cricket protein (Acheta domesticus) were prepared; control recipe, 15% of Ca by RDA per serving recipe (15% formula), 25% of Ca by RDA per serving recipe (25% formula), and 50% of Ca by RDA per serving recipe (50% formula). All recipes were assessed for satisfaction by 30 participants using the sensory evaluation method. The Ca-fortified cracker recipe which obtained the most acceptable rating by participants was sent for analysis, together with the control recipe. The findings of this study indicated that the 50% formula obtained significantly higher scores in taste and texture when compared with the other two Ca-fortified recipes (p<0.05). In addition, its overall satisfaction score stayed at an acceptable level. The proximate analytical results indicated there were comparable results between the 50% recipe and control recipe, such as ash (2.42 g/100g for 50% recipe and 2.03 g/100g for control), moisture (3.66 g/100g for 50% recipe 2.99 g/100g for control), and protein (4.46 g/100g for 50% recipe and 4.33 g/100g for control). For Ca, the 50% recipe obtained Ca 183.38 mg/100g and the control recipe obtained 68.89 mg/100g. In conclusion, the cracker recipe with cricket protein contained 50% of Ca by RDA per serving, was acceptable to participants and comparable on proximate composition with the control recipe.
Effect of Seed Size on the Chemical and Functional Properties of Perilla Frutescens L. Varieties
Authors: Shin Kyung-Chul , Hwang Kwangmo , Kim Do-Yeon , Na Chae Sun , Kim Yeong-Su
Published: December 2024

Perilla (P. frutescens L.) is widely cultivated across East Asia, and its seeds are highly regarded for their nutritional and functional properties. Seed size reportedly affects seed germination and growth; however, current research comparing the bioactive compounds and physiological activities across different seed sizes remains limited. We investigated the effect of seed size on the chemical composition and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Perilla frutescens L. seeds. Seeds were categorized into small (average 1.26 mm), medium (average 1.66mm), and large (average 2.18 mm) categories. Larger seeds showed a higher content of fats, with a total fatty acid content of 48.3% compared to 38.4% in smaller seeds. Notably, α-linolenic acid, a key omega-3 fatty acid, was present at 69.55% in large seeds, whereas small seeds contained 62.25%. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activities, assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, were significantly higher in larger seeds. The total phenolic content was 147.5 GAE μg/g for large seeds, 118.7 GAE μg/g for medium seeds, and 96.1 GAE μg/g for small seeds. For antioxidant activities, DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50) was 79.5 μg/g in large seeds, 91.2 μg/g in medium seeds, and 121.8 μg/g in small seeds, while ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50) was 54.3 μg/g in large seeds, 84.1 μg/g in medium seeds, and 105.8 μg/g in small seeds. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity, measured using the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory assay, was also more pronounced in larger seeds, with LOX inhibition values of 28.2% for large seeds, 35.5% for medium seeds, and 43.7% for small seeds. These findings suggest that seed size significantly influences the nutritional and functional properties of Perilla frutescens seeds.
Synergistic Interaction of Spirulina Sp. and Folic Acid- Producing Bacteria for Folate Production
Authors: Rehman Maha , Naeem Rehan , Biswas Sunanda , Sohail Maheen , Khan Sadeeq , Arif Muhammad , Amjad Nosheen , Tahir Saleha , Mehmood Amina
Published: December 2024

Folate, an essential nutrient crucial for DNA synthesis, cell division, and fetal neural tubedevelopment, remains a global health concern due to deficiencies in certain populations. Toaddress this issue, we investigated the synergistic interaction between Spirulina, a nutrient-rich microalga, and two strains of folic acid-producing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis-1 and Bacillus subtilis-2, to enhance folate production. Spirulinahas high nutritional content, combined with the folate production capabilities of the selected bacteria, offered a promising opportunity for sustainable folate synthesis. In this study, Spirulinaand the two strains of Bacillus subtilis were cultured separately to optimize growth conditions for each organism. Co-culture experiments were then conducted, combining Spirulina with Bacillus subtilis-1 and also Bacillus subtilis-2, to investigate their collective potential for folate production. The specific growth rates of both Spirulinaand the bacteria were measured individually and in combination using spectrophotometric methods, and their dry weights were determined to assess biomass productivity. Folate quantification in the microalgal-bacterial cultures was performed using a spectrophotometric analysis based on the phosphate buffer extraction method. This method facilitated the measurement of folate content investigated the impact of the symbiotic relationship between Spirulina and bacteria, particularly in terms of enhancing vitamin B12 acquisition and its impact on folate synthesis. Our results revealed a synergistic enhancement in folate production at the exponential growth phase of Bacillus subtilis-1 and Bacillus subtilis-2 co-culture. The synergistic relationship between Spirulina and Bacillus subtilis-1, as well as Bacillus subtilis-2, is manifested in elevated folate synthesis, highlighting the significant impact of microbial cooperation on nutrient production. Additionally, we observed fluctuations in folate production at the stationary phase, highlighting the subtle equilibrium achieved through symbiotic interactions. These findings shed light on the potential of harnessing the synergistic potential of microorganisms for sustainable folate synthesis. This research advances co-culturing methods to optimize folate production, tackling global folate deficiency challenges and fostering innovative, sustainable nutritional solutions.
Exploring the Potential Advantages of Chocolate and Cocoa for Cardio and Cerebrovascular Health
Authors: Abduljawad Eman Abbas
Published: December 2024

Numerous studies have identified cocoa phenolics, procyanidins, and flavan-3-ols as bioactive antioxidant compounds that enhance vascular function, reduce inflammation, and improve lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and platelet aggregation. Research indicates that consuming flavanol-rich cocoa supports cardiovascular health. Given the rising global occurrence of cardiovascular disease and its related risk factors, this review article aimed to investigate the impact of chocolate/cocoa intake on cardio and cerebrovascular conditions and their related risks. Across various clinical trials, moderate flavonol-rich cocoa/chocolate consumption proved to be correlated with better heart health. Advantages include a diminished risk of heart failure, hypertension, platelet aggregation, coronary artery disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, high cholesterol, and peripheral artery disease. Consuming 50 grams of dark chocolate daily or every other day has been linked to these positive outcomes. While flavanol-rich chocolate shows potential as a complementary therapy for various cardio and cerebrovascular conditions, extensive clinical trials are necessary to confirm its effectiveness.
The Role of High-Fat Ketogenic and Low-Fat Diets in Weight Reduction and Cardiovascular Risk Mitigation Among Overweight and Obese Women: A Single-Blind Controlled Study
Authors: Alnoubi Atheer Ahmad. , Alqurashi Randah Miqbil.
Published: December 2024

A dietary intervention is a common approach for managing weight, lipid profiles, and other metabolic parameters. A high-fat ketogenic diet (HFKD) and a low-fat diet (LFD) are two popular dietary strategies; however, their effects on various health metrics can differ. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of these diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight/ obese women. In this randomized controlled trial, 28 participants were divided equally into an HFKD group and an LFD group. The participants body weight, BMI, fat distribution, lipid profiles, glucose levels, and blood pressure were measured at baselines and in 12-week of the intervention. The results shows that HFKD and LFD significantly reduced body weight (13% and 10%, respectively, p < 0.001) and BMI (13% and 9%, respectively, p < 0.001). HFKD significantly reduced triglycerides by 25% (p = 0.029), while LFD significantly reduced total cholesterol by 9% (p = 0.014) and LDL by 21% (p = 0.030). HDL levels were not significantly changed by either diet. HFKD significantly decreased glucose levels (13%, p = 0.006) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (7%, p = 0.044).: In this study, both HFKD and LFD effectively reduced body weight and BMI over 12 weeks but showed different effects on cardiovascular risk factors.
Efficiency of Water Kumquat (Fortunella margarita) Extracts Against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Carbendazim in Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Yossef Heba Ezz El-Din , Badr Mohamed Mohamed , Elsadek Mohamed Farouk , Al-Numair Khalid Suliman , Khedr Abeer Ahmed , El-Sedody Hend Awad Ullah , Singh Sunita , Kandil Amin Abd El-Halim , Allam Ayman Younes
Published: December 2024

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of water kumquat (Fortunella margarita) extracts in mitigating hepatotoxicity induced by carbendazim (CBZ), a broad-spectrum fungicide, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In vitro, HepG2 liver cancer cells were exposed to CBZ to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and assess the protective effects of kumquat water extracts. In vivo, 48 healthy male albino Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two main groups: a negative control group and a CBZ intoxication group. The CBZ group was further subdivided to receive varying concentrations of hot or cold water kumquat extracts. Liver functions were evaluated through biochemical assays, while histopathological examinations assessed tissue damage. Results: Kumquat water extracts exhibited significant hepatoprotective effects. In vitro, kumquat extracts improved cell viability and reduced oxidative stress markers compared to CBZ-treated cells. In vivo, treatment with kumquat extracts led to reduced levels of liver enzymes, improved antioxidant status, and minimized histopathological damage in CBZ-exposed rats. The protective effects were dose-dependent, with higher concentrations of kumquat extracts showing more effectiveness and benefits. Conclusion: Kumquat water extracts demonstrate considerable potential in protecting against CBZ-induced liver toxicity. These investigations suggest that kumquat extracts could serve as a natural therapeutic option for preventing or mitigating liver damage caused by pesticide exposure.
Isolation and Purifying of Xylooligosaccharides from Various Mongolian Food Processing By-Products
Authors: Chinbat Odgerel , Erdenetsog Purevdulam , Chimeddorj Battogtokh , Burenjargal Munkhjargal , Janlav Munkhtsetseg
Published: December 2024

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are hemicellulose constituents that naturally occur in wheat bran peels and brewery-spent grain. XOS comprises two to six xylose residues connected by β-(1,4) linkages. These compounds are vulnerable to enzymatic breakdown by gut microorganisms. In this study, some industrial by-products, specifically wheat bran peels (WBP) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG), underwent treatment using microwave-facilitated enzymatic hydrolysis. The current study produced 8.1 g of purified dried XOS from 100 g of WBP material and 7.2 g of pure dried XOS from 100 g of BSG material. Singular microwave irradiation of WBP and BSG before enzymatic hydrolysis, along with a precisely determined enzyme-to-raw-material ratio of 0.25 g/100 g, resulted in optimal conditions. This approach significantly enhanced the efficacy of xylanases on both WBP and BSG. Results of our study proved that microwave assisted pretreatment improves the xylanase enzymatic hydrolysis which increase yield of XOS.
Nutraceutical Enrichment of Cracker with Incorporation of Bamboo Shoot and Green Gram Flour
Authors: Devi Ritismita , Sarma Manash Pratim , Goudar Giridhar , Sharma Daisy
Published: December 2024

Functional food products in the form of ready to eat (RTE) foods are gaining attention in recent years. Consumers are looking for the RTE with enhanced nutritional components and nutraceutical properties. In the present study, a functional food of cracker (RTE) is formulated by combination of Joha rice, bamboo shoot and green gram flours as main ingredients. The results revealed that protein and dietary fiber contents of the cracker were found to be 17.05 and 15.77 g/100g, respectively. The B-group vitamins of B3, B5, B6 and B9 in cracker were found to be 2.04, 2.50, 0.57 and 12.59 mg/100 g, respectively. Among the fat-soluble vitamins, the predominant vitamin in the cracker was vitamin E (11.655 µg/1000g) followed with vitamin A (24.09 µg/1000g) and vitamin K (0.59 µg/1000g). The predominant fatty acids in crackers were linoleic acid (46.28%) and palmitic acid (22.34%). Polyphenolic profile analysis revealed the higher content of gallic acid followed with protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid and luteolin in the cracker. The phenolic composition was analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), total proanthocyanidin content (TPAC) and total carotenoid content (TCC). Antioxidant activity was analyzed by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and ORAC assays. Enzyme inhibition activity for α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was found to be 62.43 and 47.97 of IC50 μg GAE/mL in the cracker, respectively. The developed functional food (cracker) was found with higher retention percentage of prime nutrients including protein, dietary fiber and vitamins along with vital polyphenols.
Evaluation of Anti-oxidant and Anti-bacterial effects of Resveratrol Enriched Polyphenols from Peanut Skin
Authors: Jose Svenia Periyappurath , Mohanan Ratheesh , Sreevallabhan Sheethal , Rajan Sony
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of resveratrol-enriched polyphenols extracted from peanut skin (PFP). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy were used to analyse the chemical composition of PFP. Antioxidant activity was assessed through various in vitro assays, including DPPH, FRAP, NO, and ABTS. The agar well diffusion method was used to assess the antibacterial properties. The results demonstrated that PFP exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in all tested assays, with significant activity observed in the DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and NO assays. Additionally, PFP showed substantial antibacterial activity, particularly against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus, as evidenced by larger inhibitory zones. The polyphenolic content of PFP was measured at 75 mg GAE/g, with resveratrol enrichment confirmed through chemical characterization. These findings suggest that PFP, derived from a low-value byproduct of peanut processing, is a potent source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Hence, it can be used as an alternative source for the development of new drugs.
On the American Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): new records, new synonymies, and new taxa
Authors: PÉREZ-FLORES OSCAR , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , BOTERO JUAN PABLO , BEZARK LARRY G.
Published: December 2024

Five new records are provided in Acanthocinini (Lamiinae): Leptostylus guianensis Vlasak & Santos-Silva, 2021, new country record for Brazil (Pará); Leptostylus indistinctus Vlasak & Santos-Silva, 2021, new country record for Honduras (Francisco Morazán); Leptostylus cineraceus Bates, 1874, new states records for Mexico (Yucatán, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo León); Sternidius chemsaki Lewis, 1977, new country record for Mexico (Sinaloa); and Trichastylopsis albidus (LeConte, 1852), new state record for Mexico (Jalisco). Leptostylus albicinctus Bates, 1885 is synonymized with Leptostylus cineraceus Bates, 1874. Trichastylopsis Dillon, 1956 is synonymized with Trichalphus Bates, 1881 and a key to species of the genus is provided. Two new species are described: Leptostylus flavolineatus sp. nov., from Mexico (Tamaulipas); and Trichalphus sinuatus sp. nov., from Nicaragua (Nueva Segóvia).
On-chip optical spectrometer with a tunable micro-ring resonator and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer lattice filter
Authors: Yang Tongxin , Zhang Shiqi , Zhang Tianyue , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2024

We propose and demonstrate a compact on-chip optical spectrometer by integrating a tunable micro-ring resonator (MRR) with a 4-channel wavelength demultiplexer (DEMUX) based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) lattice filter. The MRR with a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.15 nm ensures the high resolution of the spectrometer. The 4-channel DEMUX is designed with channel spacing equal to the free spectral range (FSR) of the MRR, providing effective wavelength separation with crosstalk less than −18 dB. The thermally tuned MRR across its FSR, together with the synchronized tuning MZIs, enables wavelength scanning within the bandwidth of 40 nm. With such a design, a compact on-chip spectrometer with a footprint of about 0.2 mm2 is implemented to demonstrate the ability to retrieve the spectra of two laser lines separated by 0.2 nm. Our studies shed light on the configuration design of chip-scale spectrometers.
DNA bases in the gap: correlation between relative SERS spectra and gap separation in gold nanoparticle dimers formed by nucleobase-induced aggregation
Authors: Kasavetov Martin , Esashika Keiko , Fons Paul J. , Saiki Toshiharu
Published: December 2024

The gold nanoparticle (AuNP) dimer represents an interesting structure that combines the chemical properties of AuNPs and its ability to generate a powerful plasmonic hotspot in the interparticle gap, which can enable the detection of single molecules via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This attribute can be furthermore used to study the orientation and binding mechanism of molecules on surfaces due to the selective enhancement properties of SERS. This work investigates the characteristics of AuNP dimers formed after adsorption of DNA bases on the surface which modify the Zeta-potential of the particles and enable controlled aggregation. We observe variations in the gap separation for different nucleobase concentrations and pH values that correspond well with changes in the relative SERS spectra and can be quantified by UV-vis spectroscopy of AuNP dimer solutions. The observed dependency of the gap separation on concentration and pH is speculated to originate from reorientations of the adsorbed molecular species. This method offers a way to estimate the vertical extension of surface monolayers on colloids, representing an additional tool for elucidating the orientation of various molecules on AuNPs. By applying this approach to the case of adenine, we suggest a new binding model for this nucleobase, thus making a unique contribution to the vast amount of literature on this complex interaction.
Investigation of the relationship of the coaches' perceived self-efficacy levels and internal and external motivation
Authors: Güvendi Burcu , Bozat Hüseyin Serdar
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to examine the relationship between coaches' self-efficacy and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. A total of 107 coaches, 79 men and 28 women, with an average age of 33.40±8.63 years, participated in the study. The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Scale and the Coach Self-Efficacy Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. SPSS 27.0 package program was used for data analysis. According to the analyses, it was determined that there was a positive and low-level significant relationship between the total score of the self-efficacy scale and the sub-dimensions of the intrinsic extrinsic motivation scale. No significant difference was found in the total score of the self-efficacy scale and the sub-dimensions of the intrinsic extrinsic motivation scale according to the coaches (p>0.05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the reflected motivation and extrinsic motivation sub-dimensions of the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Scale according to the educational level (p<0.05). According to age, it was found that the extrinsic motivation scores of the coaches aged 26-31 and 32 and above were significantly higher than the extrinsic motivation scores of the coaches aged 20-25. As a result, it can be said that self-efficacy increases with the increase in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of coaches.
(Extended English summary is at the end of this document)
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı, antrenörlerin öz yeterliklerinin içsel ve dışsal güdülenme ile ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya yaşları ortalama 33.40±8.63 olan 79 erkek 28 kadın olmak üzere toplamda 107 antrenör katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak içsel ve dışsal güdülenme ölçeği ile antrenör öz yeterlik ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ise SPSS 27.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlere göre, öz yeterlik ölçeği toplam puanı ile içsel dışsal güdülenme ölçeği alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Antrenörlerin cinsiyetlerine, branşlarına ve spor yıllarına göre öz yeterlik ölçeği toplam puanında ve içsel dışsal güdülenme ölçeği alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılığa rastlanılmamıştır (p>0.05). Eğitim durumlarına göre içsel ve dışsal güdülenme ölçeğinin yansıtılmış güdülenme ve dışsal güdülenme alt boyutlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Yaşa göre, 26-31 yaş ile 32 yaş ve üzeri antrenörlerin dışsal güdülenme puanlarının 20-25 yaş arası antrenörlerin dışsal güdülenme puanlarından anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, antrenörlerin içsel ve dışsal motivasyonlarının artmasıyla birlikte öz yeterliklerinin de arttığı söylenebilir.
Exploring root system architecture and its importance in solanaceous vegetables: A review
Authors: Indhumathi K , Sangeetha M , Saravanan KR , Deivamani M , Vennila MA , Sivakumar K
Published: December 2024

The root system architecture (RSA) in solanaceous vegetables has become an exciting area of research, uncovering complex networks essential for plant development, nutrient absorption, and resistance. This review delves into the comprehensive scope of research surrounding roots, shedding light on their dynamic nature and implications for agricultural practices. The Solanaceae family comprises of various vegetables, including tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, and eggplants, each with distinct root systems. Innovative methodologies have uncovered the complex and adaptive nature of these root systems. Roots of solanaceous vegetables have plasticity, reflecting their capacity to adjust to soil conditions, nutrient availability, and stressors. From the taproot structures in potatoes to the fibrous nature of tomato roots, this review synthesizes findings to elucidate the mechanisms behind root development and responses to environmental stimuli. Furthermore, the symbiotic associations between solanaceous crop roots and soil microorganisms have attracted significant interest. Understanding the intricate interactions between root exudates, microbial communities, and nutrient cycling opens avenues for sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the role of root architecture in fostering beneficial soil ecosystems. The implications of many research studies on RSA extend beyond academic interest and play a role in improving crop productivity. Understanding root system architecture enables breeders and agronomists to create cultivars with superior root characteristics, hence enhancing crop output, water-use efficiency, and resilience to abiotic challenges. Nonetheless, certain gaps persist, requiring additional investigation. A deeper investigation into the molecular mechanisms governing root development in solanaceous vegetables, particularly under changing climate scenarios is important for future research.
Influence of planting patterns and integrated weed management practices on weed biomass, growth and yield of Spring maize
Authors: Singh Ramandeep , Walia U S , Chaudhary Manisha
Published: December 2024

Weed infestation is a serious problem in corn production that impacts global production and with increasing food demand worldwide, certain manipulation is required in agronomic practices to improve corn production. This experiment was conducted on the Research farm of the Department of Agronomy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara to evaluate the impact of planting patterns and integrated weed control treatments on maize crops during the Spring season of 2023 and 2024. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with 3 planting methods in main plots viz., M1 - Flat sowing with single row, M2 - Flat sowing with paired row and M3 - Ridge sowing and 5 weed control treatments in subplots viz., T1 - atrazine + pendimethalin (0.75 + 0.75 kg/ha), pre-emergence followed by straw mulching, T2 - pendimethalin (0.60 kg ha-1), pre-emergence + intercropping cowpea f. b. earthing up (EU) and straw mulching (SM), T3 - intercropping dhaincha f. b. earthing up and straw mulching, T4 - 2 hand weedings (4 and 6 WAS) and T5 - unweeded (control) with 4 replications. The results indicated that sowing of maize crops on ridges produced significantly better crop growth and yield with significantly lesser weed biomass than paired row sowing. Among the weed control treatments, the intercropping treatments, followed by earthing up and straw mulching, were effective in weed control and produced significantly higher growth and yield than other weed control treatments. It can be concluded that planting maize on ridges with intercropping followed by earthing up and straw mulching produced the best results, which can be adopted by the farmers to sustainably improve the yield and earn better profits as the methods involved are environment friendly and do not require any additional investment.
Insights of nano-NPK foliar application on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sanjeev KKG , Parasuraman P , Kannan P , Manivannan V , Senthil A
Published: December 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.), a nutrient-demanding crop, faces significant challenges when conventional fertilizers are applied excessively, leading to adverse effects such as soil degradation, nutrient leaching and environmental eutrophication. In response to the growing need for sustainable agricultural practices, innovative fertilization techniques and nano-fertilizers have emerged as viable solutions. The present study, conducted during the rabi season (2024) using a randomized block design with 8 treatments and 3 replications to investigate the impact of IFFCO Nano-NPK (8-8-8) foliar fertilizer on maize growth and yield. The study assessed the effectiveness of nano NPK through growth, yield and nutrient uptake measurements. Results indicated that applying a 100% recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (RDF) and two foliar sprays of 1% nano-NPK at critical growth stages (V6-V8 and V11-V12), significantly improved plant growth and yield attributes. Notably, this performance was statistically at par with 75% RDF with two foliar sprays of 1% nano-NPK. These findings suggest that nano-NPK foliar applications can reduce traditional fertilizer use by 25% while maintaining optimal growth, yield and nutrient uptake. Thus, nano-NPK application offers a sustainable pathway for maize production, enhancing nutrient efficiency and reducing fertilizer inputs.
Identification of Two Aphids’ (Aphis craccivora Koch) Biotypes Prevailing in Three Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp.) Growing Areas in Burkina Faso
Authors:   National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Burkina Faso, Ouédraogo Adélaïde P.
Published: December 2024

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L). Walp.) is a plant-based protein crop with high nutritional value but highly susceptible to insect pests, particularly aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch). Aphids can destroy 80 to 100% of cowpea farms and also transmit viral diseases like cowpea mosaic virus, significantly reducing yields. This study aimed to investigate the evolution of aphid infestations from three cowpea-growing locations of Burkina Faso (Bobo, Kamboinsé, and Pobé) and identify the prevailing aphid biotypes. Therefore, ten varieties were screened with three aphids’ strains from these locations. A randomized complete block design with three (3) blocks and five (5) repetitions each was used. The number of leaves per plant, the survival of individual plant and the degree of infestation were evaluated. Results revealed that the degree of infestation used as a criterion for evaluating cowpea resistance to aphids is just as reliable during the early stages of plants development as during the following stages. Two biotypes of aphids have been identified. Indeed, the Kamboinse strain is similar to that of Pobé and these two strains are significantly different from the strain of Bobo. The close relationship between the 2 biotypes suggests the possibility to develop varieties strong enough to resist to both of them. A molecular characterization of the three aphids’ strains would provide more precision on the genetics of the two aphides’ biotypes.
A Review of Abattoir Reflexes in Relation to Anaerobic Glycolysis and Meat Quality
Authors:   Department of Animal Biosciences University of Guelph, Swatland Howard J.
Published: December 2024

Current research on meat quality is dominated by correlative studies of animal genotypes and histochemical fibre types, correlating features of live animals with features of commercial importance in their meat. But between live muscle and meat, there is an epigenetic realm where random factors mediated by animal treatments and their nervous systems may have strong effects. They have the potential to obscure real correlations between live animals and meat quality, or to produce spurious correlations. Physiological studies in abattoirs may prove things one way or the other.
Case Studies: Effective Approaches for Navigating Cross-Border Cloud Data Transfers Amid U.S. Government Privacy and Safety Concerns
Authors:   IPI STRATEGY PARTNERS, Adebayo Motunrayo
Published: December 2024

This study attempts to explain the impact of information exchange from one country to another, as well as the legal and technological implications for these exchanges. Due to the emergence of cloud technology, possibilities for free exchange of information between countries have increased rapidly, as it has become possible to save information in a country and access it in almost any part of the world. Countries all around the world have been confronted with developing frameworks to facilitate this process, although there are significant challenges which must be confronted on legal and technological fronts, as loopholes in the framework adopted by countries may hinder free access to information stored on cloud, and also compromise data privacy. Cloud technology is impacting a lot of issues, including domestic and international businesses, hence the need for a study to propose measures for safe exchange of information using cloud technology.
Assessing Middle School Students’ Understanding and Implementation of Social and Emotional Competencies: A Study Conducted in Private Schools in Mount Lebanon
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Middle East University, Jdeidet El Metn, Lebanon, Issa John , Berberian Pekiza ,   Middle East University, Jdeidet El Metn, Lebanon
Published: December 2024

The changes taking place in this fast-paced world "have led to the rise of social and emotional processes" (Cefai et al., 2020, p.3). Although Social Emotional Learning (SEL) encompasses many aspects, the primary elements include self-awareness, social awareness, responsible decision making, self-management, and relationship management (Merrell & Gueldner, 2010, p.40). Acknowledging the importance of adolescence as the critical period to explore developments in understanding oneself and others, this study addresses three primary research questions. The first question examines the extent to which middle school students possess SEL competencies in Lebanese private middle schools. The second question explores whether middle school students from lower socioeconomic status differed in their SEL competencies from those coming from higher socioeconomic status (SES). The third question assesses the presence of gender differences in possessing socio-emotional competencies in middle school students. This study’s findings showed that middle school students (n = 165) in Lebanese private schools possess social and emotional competencies to varying extents. The results provide further evidence for the association of SES factors on an adolescents’ acquisition and development of social-emotional competencies, self-control specifically. The findings confirm that, in addition to socioeconomic status (SES), personal and environmental factors—such as community and culture—play a crucial role in shaping the social-emotional development of middle school students. The given recommendations affirm that different stakeholders, including educational policymakers, schools, teachers, and families in Lebanon, should be active partners in supporting SEL by providing various services in safe and nurturing environments.
Preparation of High-Purity Rutin from Sophora japonica
Authors:   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China, Ma Wenjing , Wang Chuanjin ,   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Published: December 2024

High-Purity Rutin (HPR) was extracted from Sophora japonica by ultrasonication, decolorized using activated carbon, separated by polyamide chromatography, and recrystallized. An orthogonal design of experiment was used to determine the optimal ultrasonic extraction time, number of ultrasonic extractions, and ultrasonic extraction temperature to maximize the extraction yield of rutin. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: 2000 mL of CH3OH were used to extract 20 g of the dried Sophora japonica flower bud powder for 30 minutes and the extraction was repeated 2 times under ultrasonic conditions (ultrasound frequency: 40 KHZ; water temperature: 40 °C). The decolorization of the CH3OH extract of Sophora japonica using active carbon was studied. The optimal processes are as follows: The filtrate of CH3OH extract was concentrated to 200 mL by rotary evaporation; 7.2 g of activated carbon powder was added; and the mixture was refluxed in an 80 °C water bath for 0.5 hours (twice). The polyamide chromatography separation conditions for crude rutin were investigated. The influence of particle size and amount of polyaminde used on extraction yield of rutin was studied. It was found that best separation results were obtained when 50 g of polyamide with particle size of 0.170~0.210 mm was used to purify 3 g of crude rutin. The purity of the HPR obtained was 99.8%, the extraction yield of HPR was 18.6%, and the extraction rate of HPR was 70.8%. The structure of the final product was identified by elemental analysis, IR, HPLC and 1H NMR. It was experimentally demonstrated that the proposed process was a safe, mild, low-cost and waste-free procedure.
Using MOORA Method for Finding Best Dressing Parameters for Surface Grinding Hardox 500
Authors:   Viet Tri University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam, Binh Vu Duc
Published: December 2024

This study reports the findings on the use of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method to determine the optimal dressing mode for surface grinding of Hardox 500. The research examined the MCDM issue utilizing the Multi-Objective Optimization based on Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method, with criterion weights determined through the Entropy method. Furthermore, surface roughness (RS) and material removal rate (MRR) were identified as the two criteria for this study. Additionally, five dressing variables were investigated: non-feeding dressing nn, fine dressing depth df, fine dressing times nf, rough dressing depth dr, and rough dressing times nr. Additionally, 16 experimental runs were designed and conducted using the L16 (44 x 21) design type. The issue related to MCDM has been assessed. The investigation's findings indicate that option No. 5, defined by the input parameters dr = 0.02 (mm), nr = 1, nf = 1, df = 0.01 (mm), and nn = 2, represents the optimal dressing mode.
The Socio-demographic Factors Influence on Anti-Social Behaviour among Children (Case Study of Bobaracho Area, Nyaribari Chache, Kisii Kenya)
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Psychology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya, Anika Alice A.
Published: December 2024

https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/AIVP/article/view/17939