bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS DALAM KASUS KEPUASAN KONSUMEN USAHA LAUNDRY
Authors: Khaliq Restu
Published: February 2019

Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) is one method measuring the gap of service quality attributes according to the consumer's perspective. The application of this method is important in the field of business services such as laundry because some people today are often unable to do daily routine work such as washing dirty clothes. Using laundry services is one solution. This study aims to assess service quality attributes which are divided into two sub-variables (functional quality and technical quality) through Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) in XYZ laundry service businesses. The number of respondents in this study was 72 people. The research questionnaire was distributed to all XYZ laundry customers from July to September 2018. The results of this study indicate that XYZ luandry business is recommended to prioritize service on good delivery of consumer goods, cut down on waiting time for service work, improve employee appearance and try to show business to help.
Penanaman Nilai Sosial Anak Usia Dini Melalui Gerak dan Lagu
Authors: Adji Waluyo Satrio
Published: February 2019

Abstrak Masa Anak Usia Dini merupakan investasi masa depan yang perlu distimulasi perkembangannya sejak usia dini. Sel-sel otak yang dimiliki anak sejak bayi tidak akan mampu tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal jika stimulus yang diberikan tidak tepat. Salah satu kawasan yang perlu dikembangkan oleh guru TK/RA dalam merangsang anak adalah dengan penanaman nilai sosial Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan media gerak dan lagu untuk menanamkan nilai sosial pada anak usia dini. Media gerak dan lagu akan mampu menjadi media yang efektif digunakan untuk menanamkan nilai sosial anak jika deterapkan secara tepat. Dalam menggunakan media gerak dan lagu untuk menanamkan nilai sosial pada anak uasia dini ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan, diantaranya adalah: (1) membuat tujuan, dengan pertimbangan disesuaikan dengan tingkat perkembangan anak adan tidak monoton, olah vocal. (2) action, pembuatan bait lagu serta gerakan yang sesuai. Sehingga nilai disampaikan kepada anak bisa dicerna sesuai kebutuhan
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Komputer dengan Memanfaatkan Sofware Presentasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Ditinjau dari Aktivitas Belajar Siswa
Authors: Nugroho Arif Ganda
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, (1) pengaruh penggunaan media komputer  dengan pemanfaatan Software Presentasi yaitu Macromedia Flash 8 dan Microsoft Power Point, (2) pengaruh aktivitas belajar siswa terhadap Hasil belajar matematika, dan (3) interaksi antara media komputer dengan pemanfaatan Software Presentasi  dan aktivitas belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar matematika.Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimentasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa SMP Negeri 1 Martapura kelas VIII semester 2 tahun ajaran 2015/2016 sebanyak 6 kelas. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIIA sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas VIIIB sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Cluster Random Sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, angket, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji analisis variansi dua jalan dengan sel tak sama, yang sebelumnya dilakukan uji prasyarat analisis yang menggunakan metode lilliefors untuk uji normalitas dan metode Lavene’ Statistic untuk uji homogenitas.Dari hasil analisis data dengan taraf signifikasi 5% dipenuhi bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara siswa yang menggunakan media komputer dengan pemanfaatan Software Presentasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa, dengan Fa = 5,058, (2) terdapat pengaruh aktivitas belajar siswa yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa, dengan     Fb = 3,540, dan (3) Tidak terdapat ada pengaruh interaksi yang signifikan pembelajaran yang menggunakan media komputer dengan pemanfaatan Software Presentasi dan aktivitas belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa, dengan Fab = 0,233.
EVALUATION OF PROHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF MELOXICAM ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE INDICATORS
Authors: Nikiforov R. V. , Shevcova V. I. , Zuykova A. A.
Published: February 2019

The goalis to evaluate the influence of meloxicam on the level of blood pressure among patients suffering from hypertension, as well as among patients without diseases of the cardiovascular system, in relation to its pro-hypertensive effect.

Materials and methods.The retrospective research involved 60 patients who regularly taked meloxicam in a dose of 7.5 mg / day. There were patients who didn’t have a cardiovascular pathology in the first group. The second group consisted of patients with hypertension, taking antihypertensive drugs. Retrospectively, the level of blood pressure, measured by the Korotkov’s method, was analyzed by medical histories, before and after 3 months of taking meloxicam in both groups. The total cardiovascular risk was calculated on a SCORE scale.

Results.It was determinated that long-term medication of meloxicam led to an increase of blood pressure indicators, both in patients without established diseases of the cardiovascular system, and in patients with the hypertension and an average total cardiovascular risk, who are regularly taking antihypertensive pills to achieve target blood pressure.
Modelling the Rising Tails of Galaxy Rotation Curves
Authors: Zhang Fan
Published: February 2019

It is well known but under-appreciated in astrophysical applications, that it is possible for gravity to take on a life of its own in the form of Weyl-curvature-only metrics (note we are referring to the Weyl-only solutions of ordinary General Relativity, we are not considering Weyl conformal gravity or any other modified gravity theories), as numerous examples demonstrate the existence of gravitational fields not being sourced by any matter. In the weak field limit, such autonomous gravitational contents of our universe manifest as solutions to the homogeneous Poisson's equation. In this note, we tentatively explore the possibility that they may perhaps account for some phenomenologies commonly attributed to dark matter. Specifically, we show that a very simple solution of this kind exists that can be utilized to describe the rising tails seen in many galaxy rotation curves, which had been difficult to reconcile within the cold dark matter or modified Newtonian dynamics frameworks. This solution may also help explain the universal $\sim 1$Gyr rotation periods of galaxies in the local universe.
Hardy Cross Method for Pipe Networks
Authors: Brkić Dejan , Praks Pavel
Published: February 2019

Hardy Cross originally proposed a method for analysis of flow in networks of conduits or conductors in 1936. His method was the first really useful engineering method in the field of pipe network calculation. Only electrical analogs of hydraulic networks were used before the Hardy Cross method. A problem with the flow resistance versus the electrical resistance makes these electrical analog methods obsolete. The method by Hardy Cross is taught extensively at faculties and it still remains an important tool for analysis of looped pipe systems. Engineers today mostly use a modified Hardy Cross method which threats the whole looped network of pipes simultaneously (use of these methods without computers is practically impossible). A method from the Russian practice published during 1930s, which is similar to the Hardy Cross method, is described, too. Some notes from the life of Hardy Cross are also shown. Finally, an improved version of the Hardy Cross method, which significantly reduces number of iterations, is presented and discussed. Also we tested multi-point iterative methods which can be used as substitution for the Newton-Raphson approach used by Hardy Cross, but this approach didn’t reduce number of required iterations to reach the final balanced solution. Although, many new models have been developed since the time of Hardy Cross, main purpose of this paper is to illustrate the very beginning of modeling of gas and water pipe networks or ventilation systems.
A Recap of Voltage Stability Indices in the Past Three Decades
Authors: Danish Mir Sayed Shah , Senjyu Tomonobu , Danish Sayed Mir Shah , Sabory Najib Rahman , K Narayanan , Mandal Paras
Published: February 2019

Increasing demand for electricity and modernization of power systems within competitive markets induce power systems to operate close to their stability limits. Therefore, a power system continuous monitoring and control by using voltage stability indices are known exigence. This is the first-ever effort, examined more than 40 voltage stability indices thorough an exhaustive study based in on their formulation, application, performance, and assessment measures. Which is conducted based on a logical and chronological order considering the most recent worldwide applied voltage stability indices. However, the generalizability of such an immense diversity of these indices in term of multivariable objectives subjects to a certain limitation to summate into a deciphered outcome. Despite all these obstacles, this study systematically reviews available indices in the literature within the past three decades to set out an integrated knowledge with an insight up-to-date exposition. That followed with a comparative analysis in term of their similarity, functionality, applicability, formulation, merit, demerit, and overall performances. Also, a broad categorization of voltage stability indices is addressed. This study with an immediate implication in practice as an exhaustive roadmap can be counted a planning and operation reference in the context of voltage stability for students, researchers, scholars, and practitioners.
Burnout and Engagement: Personality Profiles in Nursing Professionals
Authors: Pérez-Fuentes María del Carmen , Molero Jurado María del Mar , Martos Martínez África , Gázquez Linares José Jesús
Published: February 2019

The burnout syndrome, which affects so many healthcare workers, has recently awakened wide interest due to the severe repercussions related to its appearance. Even though job factors are determinant to its development, not all individuals exposed to the same work conditions show burnout, which demonstrates the importance of individual variables such as personality. The purpose of this study was to determine personality characteristics of a sample of nursing professionals based on the Big Five model, and then, having determined the personality profiles, analyze the differences in burnout and engagement based on those profiles. The sample was made up of 1236 nurses. An ad hoc questionnaire was prepared to collect the sociodemographic data, and the Brief Burnout Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Big Five Inventory-10 were used. The results showed that the existence of burnout in this group of workers, is associated negatively with extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience, and positively with the neuroticism personality trait. These personality factors showed the opposite pattern with regard to engagement. Three different personality profiles were also found in nursing personnel, in which professionals who had a profile marked by strong neuroticism and low scores on the rest of the personality traits where those who were most affected by burnout.
Liquid-Phase Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of Nd:YAl3(BO3)4 Optical Waveguides
Authors: Lu Yi , Dekker Peter , Dawes Judith
Published: February 2019

We investigated fabrication of neodymium doped thin film optical waveguide-based devices as potential active sources for planar integrated optics. Liquid-phase epitaxial growth was used to fabricate neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum borate films on compatible lattice-matched un-doped yttrium aluminum borate substrates. We observed the refractive index contrast of the doped and un-doped crystal layers by differential interference contrast microscopy. In addition, characterization by X-ray powder diffraction, optical absorption and luminescence spectra demonstrated the crystal quality and uniformity and optical guiding of the resulting thin films.   
A Comprehensive Technological Survey on the Dependable Self-Management CPS: From Self-Adaptive Architecture to Self-Management Strategies
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zuo Decheng , Hou Kunmean , Zhang Zhan , Dong Jian , Li Jianjin , Zhou Haiyin
Published: February 2019

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) has been a popular research area in the last decade. The dependability of CPS is still a critical issue, and rare survey has been published in this domain. CPS is a dynamic complex system, which involves various multidisciplinary technologies. To avoid human error and to simplify management, self-management CPS (SCPS) is a wise choice. And to achieve dependable self-management, systematic solution is necessary to verify the design and to guarantee the safety of self-adaptation decision, as well as to maintain the health of SCPS. This survey first recalls the concepts of dependability, and proposes a generic environment-in-loop processing flow of self-management CPS, and then analyzes the error sources and challenges of self-management through the formal feedback flow. Focus on reducing the complexity, we first survey the self-adaptive architecture approaches and applied dependability means; then we introduce a hybrid multi-role self-adaptive architecture, and discuss the supporting technologies for dependable self-management at the architecture level. Focus on dependable environment-centered adaption, we investigate the verification and validation (V&V) methods for making safe self-adaptation decision and the solutions for processing decision dependably. For system-centered adaption, the comprehensive self-healing methods are summarized. Finally, we analyze the missing pieces of the technology puzzle and the future directions. In this survey, the technical trends for dependable CPS design and maintenance are discussed, an all-in-one solution is proposed to integrate these technologies and build a dependable organic SCPS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey on dependable SCPS building and evaluation.
Biogenic Amines in Traditional Fiore Sardo PDO Sheep Cheese: Assessment, Validation and Application of a RP-HPLC-DAD-UV Method
Authors: Zazzu Claudia , Addis Margherita , Caredda Marco , Scintu Maria Francesca , Piredda Giovanni , Sanna Gavino
Published: February 2019

This contribution is aimed to measure for the first time the amount of biogenic amines (BAs) in one of the most ancient and traditional sheep cheese produced in Sardinia, Italy: the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Fiore Sardo. For doing this, an original RP-HPLC-DAD-UV method has been developed, completely validated in terms of LoD, LoQ, linearity, precision and trueness, and tested on 36 real Fiore Sardo PDO cheese samples produced by four different cheesemakers and marketed by four stores. The average total concentration of the eight BAs (i.e. tyramine, tryptamine, histidine, putrescine, cadaverine, 2-phenylethylamine, spermine and spermidine) measured in Fiore Sardo cheese was 700 mg/kg, with a range between 170 mg/kg and 1100 mg/kg. A great variability in the total amount of BAs has been evidenced among the Fiore Sardo marketed in the four stores as well as for the cheeses purchased in different times in the same store. Tyramine (350 mg/kg), putrescine (150 mg/kg), histamine (80 mg/kg) and cadaverine (30 mg/kg) are the most abundant BAs found in this matrix. Among many factors concurring, the dominant microflora of Fiore Sardo PDO is likely the principal cause of the qualitative and quantitative distribution of BAs in this matrix. Finally, the total amount of BAs found in Fiore Sardo PDO is not able to cause any situation of health alert for consumers.
Time Energy Uncertainty Principle and Vacuum Fluctuations
Authors: Wasif BAig Mirza
Published: February 2019

Phenomenon of vacuum fluctuations of virtual particles in high energy physics has been mathematically modeled by a third order differential equation. Aim of present theory is to unravel underlying mathematical equation capable of explaining microscopic phenomenon of vacuum fluctuations. Solution of such a differential equation after applying appropriate boundary conditions gives an acceptable wave function i.e. . Operation of energy and time operator on this wave function proves that these operators do not hold commutative property. Time energy uncertainty principle has been derived by calculating variance of energy and time for the same wave function.
Peripheral Blood Biomarkers Coupled with the Apolipoprotein E4 Genotype are Strongly Associated with Semantic and Episodic Memory Impairments in Elderly Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia
Authors: Supasitthumrong Thitiporn , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit , Aniwattanapong Daruj , Tangwongchai Sookjaroen , Chuchuen Phenphichcha , Tawankanjanachot Itthipol , Snabboon Thiti , Hemrungrojn Solaphat , Carvalho Andre F. , Maes Michael
Published: February 2019

Background: The Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) genotype is strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although the presence of the ApoE4 allele alone is not sufficient to explain AD. The pathophysiology of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) remains unclear. This study aims to examine associations between peripheral blood biomarkers coupled with ApoE4 and episodic and semantic memory. Methods: The CERAD battery was completed and various biomarkers were assayed in 60 subjects with aMCI, 60 with AD and 62 healthy controls. Results: Deficits in semantic and episodic memory were significantly predicted by anion gap and bicarbonate, albumin and glucose coupled with Apo E4. Furthermore, these peripheral biomarkers interacted with ApoE to predict greater memory impairments. Conclusions: Peripheral blood biomarkers may interact with pathways related to ApoE4 to predict greater semantic and episodic memory impairments, thus contributing to the pathophysiology of aMCI and AD. Our data suggest that the transition from aMCI to AD could at least in some cases be associated with significant interactions between ApoE4 and those peripheral blood biomarkers.
Environmental Surveillance of Legionellosis within an Italian University Hospital. Results of 15 Years of Analysis
Authors: Laganà Pasqualina , Facciolà Alessio , Palermo Roberta , Delia Santi
Published: February 2019

Legionnaires’ disease is normally acquired by inhalation of legionellae from a contaminated environmental source. Water systems of large buildings, such as hospitals, are often contaminated with legionellae and therefore represent a potential risk for the hospital population. In this study, we demonstrated the constant presence of Legionella in water samples from the water system of a large university hospital in Messina (Sicily, Italy) consisting of 11 separate pavilions during a period of 15 years (2004-2018). In total, 1346 hot water samples were collected between January 2004 and December 2018. During this period, to recover Legionella spp. from water samples the standard procedures reported by the Italian Guidelines emanated in 2000 were adopted; from May 2015 to 2018 Italian Guidelines revised in 2015 (ISS, 2015), were used. The most water samples (72%) were positive to L. pneumophila serogroups 2-14 whereas L. pneumophila serogroup 1 accounted for the 18% and Legionella spp. for the 15%. Most of the positive samples were found in the buildings where are situated critical wards as ICU, Neurosurgery, Surgeries, Pneumology and Neonatal Intensive Unit Care. We highlighted the importance of a continuous monitoring of hospital water samples to prevent the potential risk of nosocomial legionellosis.
Functional Morphology of the Cardiac Jelly in the Tubular Heart of Vertebrate Embryos
Authors: Männer Jörg , Yelbuz Talat Mesud
Published: February 2019

The early embryonic heart is a multi-layered tube consisting of (1) an outer myocardial tube; (2) an inner endocardial tube; and (3) an extracellular matrix layer interposed between myocardium and endocardium, called “cardiac jelly” (CJ). During the past decades, research on CJ has mainly focused on its molecular and cell biological aspects. This review focuses on the morphological and biomechanical aspects of CJ. Special attention is given to (1) the spatial distribution and fiber architecture of CJ; (2) the morphological dynamics of CJ during the cardiac cycle; and (3) the removal/remodeling of CJ during advanced heart looping stages, which leads to the formation of ventricular trabeculations and endocardial cushions. CJ acts as a hydraulic skeleton displaying striking structural and functional similarities with the mesoglea of jellyfish. CJ not only represents a filler substance, facilitating end-systolic occlusion of the embryonic heart lumen. Its elastic components antagonize the systolic deformations of the heart wall and thereby power the refilling phase of the ventricular tube. Non-uniform spatial distribution of CJ generates non-circular cross sections of the opened endocardial tube (initially elliptic, later deltoid), which seem to be advantageous for valveless pumping. Endocardial cushions arise from non-removed remnants of the original CJ.
A Memristor-Based Cascaded Neural Networks for Specific Target Recognition
Authors: Sun Sheng-Yang , Xu Hui , Li Jiwei , Sun Yi , Li Qingjiang , Li Zhiwei , Liu Haijun
Published: February 2019

Multiply-accumulate calculations using a memristor crossbar array is an important method to realize neuromorphic computing. However, the memristor array fabrication technology is still immature, and it is difficult to fabricate large-scale arrays with high-yield, which restricts the development of memristor-based neuromorphic computing technology. Therefore, cascading small-scale arrays to achieve the neuromorphic computational ability that can be achieved by large-scale arrays, which is of great significance for promoting the application of memristor-based neuromorphic computing. To address this issue, we present a memristor-based cascaded framework with some basic computation units, several neural network processing units can be cascaded by this means to improve the processing capability of the dataset. Besides, we introduce a split method to reduce pressure of input terminal. Compared with VGGNet and GoogLeNet, the proposed cascaded framework can achieve 93.54% Fashion-MNIST accuracy under the 4.15M parameters. Extensive experiments with Ti/AlOx/TaOx/Pt we fabricated are conducted to show that the circuit simulation results can still provide a high recognition accuracy, and the recognition accuracy loss after circuit simulation can be controlled at around 0.26%.
Expression of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) in the Eyes of Mice Intranasally Infected with Acanthamoeba sp.
Authors: Kot Karolina , Kosik-Bogacka Danuta , Łanocha-Arendarczyk Natalia , Wojtkowiak-Giera Agnieszka , Kolasa-Wołosiuk Agnieszka
Published: February 2019

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the innate immune response to numerous pathogens, including Acanthamoeba sp. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the eyes of mice following intranasal infection with Acanthamoeba sp. Amoebae used in this study were isolated from the bronchial aspirate of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and atypical symptoms of pneumonia. We found statistically significant differences in the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the eyes of immunocompetent mice at 8, 16, and 24 days post Acanthamoeba sp. infection (dpi) compared to control. Immunosuppressed mice showed significant differences in the expression of TLR2 at 16 and 24 dpi compared to uninfected animals. Our results indicate that TLR2 and TLR4 are upregulated in the eyes of mice in response to Acanthamoeba sp. We suggest that it is possible for trophozoites to migrate through the optic nerve from the brain to the eyes.
Investigation of Non-Thermal Plasma Assisted Charcoal Gasification for Production of Hydrogen-Rich Syngas
Authors: Pang Yin , Hammer Thomas , Mueller Dominik , Karl Juergen
Published: February 2019

The motivation of this work is to investigate experimentally the influence of non-thermal plasma (NTP) application on the reaction kinetics of atmospheric pressure steam gasification of charcoal using a thermostatically controlled drop tube reactor. A gliding-arc generator provides about 1 kW electrical power NTP. For comparison thermal gasification is investigated under comparable flow and specific energy input conditions providing additional heat to the steam. Optical temperature measurement 20 cm flow down of the NTP zone is utilized to characterize the specific enthalpy of the reactive flow. The composition of produced syngas is measured by a gas analyzer and used for the calculation of gas flow rates. The results show a NTP-enhancement on the production of individual syngas components (H2, CO, CH4), especially on hydrogen production by around 39%. The syngas-based carbon conversion and hydrogen release are calculated from the carbon and hydrogen balance between the correspondent content in syngas and in the feedstock. The NTP promoted the carbon conversion and hydrogen release by 25% and 31%, respectively. The first-order reaction kinetics are determined by data-fitting in an Arrhenius diagram. The plasma enhanced the reaction rate coefficients by 27%. Based on experimental results and other literature, possible plasma-induced reactions are proposed.
Effects of Continuous Deep Fat Frying on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Assorted Brands of Edible Cooking Oils Sold in Metropolitan Kampala
Authors: Omara Timothy , Kigenyi Erisa
Published: February 2019

Deep fat frying is not novel, but a classical antiquity culinary technique preferred chiefly for its swiftness, amenity, conferment of a crisp texture, attractive sensorial and organoleptic qualities and thus delectableness of the fries. Regrettably, repeated use of oils for deep frying impacts the storage life and nutritional suitability of fries. This concerted study investigated the effects of continuous deep fat frying on the physicochemical properties of ten brands of edible cooking oils: Fortune Butto, Roki, Tamu, Best Fry, Golden Fry, Mukwano, Sunny, Sunvita, Sunlite and Sunseed used in deep frying of potato chips in Kampala, Uganda. Three oil samples from local Irish chip fryers were also collected. The color value (CV) and the acidification of the oils as free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (POV), paraanisidine value (AnV) and iodine adsorption value (IV) before and between ten successive deep-fryings using potato chips were determined. The possible reuse of the oils was estimated from the frying round when a quality criterion surpassed national or CODEX specifications for the respective edible cooking oils. For fresh oils, the statistical parameter ranges were: CV (0.4R 3.4Y-7.7R 70Y), % FFA (0.0430-0.1508), POV (0.5951-6.6134 meqO2/Kg), AnV (0.90-4.30) and IV (57.62-128.35gI2/100g). By the tenth fry, the values were respectively 3.0R 23Y-20.4R 70Y, 0.2286-0.4817, 11.1138-15.7525 meqO2/Kg, 10.31-22.16 and 53.66-126.03 gI2/100g. Reuse of the oils for continuous frying of potatoes on the same day can be done only up to 7 times on average for hard oils and 6 times for soft oils.
Cereal Commodity Trade Quantity Measurement Cost and Reliability: Evidence from Local Agricultural Marketplace of Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe kidane Assefa , Zhou Deyi , Etea Bekele Gebisa , Sedebo Dessalegn Anshiso , Muktar Neway Habitemariam
Published: February 2019

The issue of measurement reliability is certainly undervalued in the local agricultural marketplace organization. Besides, there was nothing identified concerning the extent of cereal commodity trade measurement cost. Hence, this paper aimed to estimate the magnitude of cereals trade quantity measurement cost caused by instrument error and unreliability; mainly by targeting the local marketplace in Ethiopia. The survey was conducted in six different districts’ marketplaces (n = 602) of Oromia region by employing administered structured questionnaires and site mass measurement calibration. The gathered data were analyzed using independent samples t-test, one sample t-test, and analysis of variance. According to the findings, the actual value measurement means of the quantity of most local units of the farmers were greater than small traders. The independent t-test result indicated that the average values of the quantity of the majority of units of measurement between farmers and small traders were varied significantly. Estimated measuring instruments’ error and unreliability associated average measurement cost of one-day market transaction over total cereals marketed amount were higher comparatively for a sack, bowl, and glass units. This study demonstrates that homogeneity in measurement, policy, and institutions that aid cereals trade would have an indispensable role to reduce measurement costs and ensure equitable exchange.
Simultaneous Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Solid-phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study from Sharjah Sewage Treatment Plant
Authors: Semreen Mohammad H. , Shanableh Abdallah , Semerjian Lucy , Alniss Hasan , Mousa Muath , Bai Xuelian , Acharya Kumud
Published: February 2019

The present work describes the optimization and validation of a highly selective and sensitive analytical method using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE LC-MS/MS) for the determination of some frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater received and treated by Sharjah sewage treatment plant (STP). The extraction efficiency of different SPE cartridges was tested and the simultaneous extraction of pharmaceuticals was successfully accomplished using hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced reversed phase Waters® Oasis HLB cartridge (200 mg/ 6 mL) at pH 3. The analytes were separated on an Aquity BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm x 150 mm) using gradient elution and the mass spectrometric analysis were performed in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) selecting two precursor ions to produce ion transition for each pharmaceutical using positive electrospray ionization (+ESI) mode. The correlation coefficient values in the linear calibration plot for each target compound exceeded 0.99 and the recovery percentages of the investigated pharmaceuticals were more than 84%. Limit of detection (LOD) varied between 0.1-1.5 ng/L and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3-5 ng/L for all analytes. The precision of the method was calculated as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of replicate measurements and was found to be in the ranges of 2.2% to 7.7% and 2.2% to 8.6% for inter and intra-day analysis, respectively. All of the obtained validation parameters satisfied the requirements and guidelines of analytical method validation.
Biodiesel Production (FAEEs) by Heterogeneous Combi-Lipase Biocatalysis Using Wet Extracted Lipids from Microalgae
Authors: Sánchez-Bayo Alejandra , Morales Victoria , Rodríguez Rosalía , Vicente Gemma , Bautista Luis Fernando
Published: February 2019

The production of fatty acids ethyl esters (FAEEs) to be used as biodiesel from oleaginous microalgae shows great opportunities as an attractive source for the production of renewable fuels without competing with human food. To ensure the economic viability and environmental sustainability of the microbial biomass as a raw material, the integration of its production and transformation into the biorefinery concept is required. In the present work, lipids from wet Isochrysis galbana microalga were extracted with ethyl acetate with and without drying the microalgal biomass (dry and wet extraction method, respectively). Then, FAEEs were produced by lipase-catalyzed transesterification and esterification of the extracted lipids with ethanol using lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and Pseudomonas cepacia (PC) lipase supported on SBA-15 mesoporous silica functionalized with amino groups. The conversion to FAEEs with CALB (97 and 85.5 mol% for dry and wet extraction, respectively) and PS (91 and 87 mol%) biocatalysts reached higher values than those obtained with commercial Novozym 435 (75 and 69.5 mol%). Due to the heterogeneous nature of the composition of microalgae lipids, mixtures with different CALB:PC biocatalyst ratio were used to improve conversion of wet-extracted lipids. The results showed that a 25:75 combi-lipase produced a significantly higher conversion to FAEEs (97.2 mol%) than those produced by each biocatalyst independently from wet-extracted lipids and similar ones than those obtained by each lipase from the dry extraction method. Therefore, that optimised combi-lipase biocatalyst, along with achieving the highest conversion to FAEEs, would allow improving viability of a biorefinery since biodiesel production could be performed without the energy-intensive step of biomass drying.
Finite Difference Method to Design Sustainable Infiltration Based Stormwater Management System
Authors: Geberemariam Thewodros K.
Published: February 2019

Infiltration based stormwater best management practices bring considerable economic, social and ecological benefits. Controlling stormwater quantity and quality are primarily important to prevent urban flooding and minimizing loads of pollutants to the receiving waters. However, there have been growing concerns about how the traditional design approach contributes to the failure of infiltration based BMP’s that have caused flooding, ponding, prolonged movement of surface water, and frequent clogging, etc. Many of these problems were due to the fact that the current design approaches of stormwater BMP’s only focus on surface hydrology and give little or no attention to the underline subsoil permeability rate and other constraints during the design and sizing process. As a result, we are exhibiting many newly constructed infiltration based BMP’s are failing to function well. This paper presents and demonstrates a new paradigm shift in designing infiltration-based stormwater BMP’s by combining subsurface hydrology and undelaying native soil constraints to establish acceptable criteria for sizing infiltration based BMPs.
The Effect of Chemical Character of Ionic Liquids on Biomass Pre-Treatment and Posterior Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Bernardo Joana R. , Girio Francisco M. , Lukasik Rafal
Published: February 2019

Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in the efficient lignocellulosic biomass valorisation, especially in the biomass fractionation into individual polymeric components or direct hydrolysis some of biomass fractions. Considering the chemical character of ionic liquids, two different approaches, paved the way for a fractionation of biomass. The first strategy integrated a pre-treatment, hydrolysis and conversion of biomass through the employment of hydrogen-bond acidic 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolim hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid. The second one relied on the use of a three-step fractionation process with hydrogen-bond basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate to produce high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions. The proposed approaches were scrutinised for wheat straw and eucalyptus residues. Those different biomasses allowed understanding that enzymatic hydrolysis yields are dependent on the crystallinity of pre-treated biomass. The use of acetate based ionic liquid allowed to change crystalline cellulose I to cellulose II and consequently enhanced glucan to glucose yield to 93.14.1 mol% and 82.91.2 mol% for wheat straw and eucalyptus, respectively. Whereas for hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid, the same enzymatic hydrolysis yields were 61.6  0.2 mol% for wheat straw and only 7.90.3 mol% for eucalyptus residues. These results demonstrate the importance of either ionic liquid character or biomass type on the efficient biomass processing.
Does the Bilingual Advantage in Cognitive Control Exist and if so, what are Its Modulating Factors? A Systematic Review
Authors: Van den Noort Prof. Dr. Maurits , Struys Esli , Bosch Peggy , Jaswetz Lars , Perriard Benoît , Yeo Sujung , Barisch Pia , Vermeire Katrien , Lee Sook-Hyun , Lim Sabina
Published: February 2019

Recently, doubts were raised about the existence of the bilingual advantage in cognitive control. The aim of the present review was to investigate the bilingual advantage and its modulating factors. We searched the Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and ERIC databases for all original data and reviewed studies on bilingualism and cognitive control, with a cut-off date of October 31, 2018, thereby following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The results of the 46 original studies show that, indeed, the majority, 54.3%, reported beneficial effects of bilingualism on cognitive control tasks; however, 28.3% found mixed results, and 17.4% found evidence against its existence. Methodological differences seem to explain these mixed results: particularly, the varying selection of the bilingual participants, the use of non-standardized tests, and the fact that individual differences were often neglected, and that longitudinal designs were rare. Therefore, a serious risk for bias exists in both directions (i.e., in favor of and against the bilingual advantage). To conclude, we found some evidence for a bilingual advantage in cognitive control; however, if significant progress is to be made, better study designs, bigger data, and more longitudinal studies are needed.
Modeling Volatility of Nigeria Stock Exchange Using Multivariate GARCH Models
Authors: Adenomon Monday Osagie , Mbuk John Joseph , Yahaya Haruna Umar
Published: February 2019

The aim of this research work was to provide model for predicting stock volatility in Nigeria Stock market. To achieve this, monthly data for Nigerian stock exchange, Exchange rate, Share index and inflation rate was collected for a period of January 1990 to December 2016.The descriptive statistics revealed these variables to exhibit volatility as a characteristics of financial time –varying series. DCC Model was fitted, were the coefficients for all the parameters and that of the correlation-Targeting (rho_21) are both negative and positive and tend very close to 1 and -1, indicating that high persistence in the conditional variances. The Model DCC, satisfied the properties of a good model of conditional mean and variance of the confidential Interval (C.I) of 1 and -1, that is, the conditional variances are finites and their series are strictly stationary. This therefore implies that the Nigerian Stock Exchange, Exchange rate, share index and Inflation rate will experience a non-steady shock in the Stock market. However Each of these variables have different length of recovery (volatility half- life)  ranging from 1.5month, 6.5months, 6months to 2,4months   for stock exchange, exchange rate, share index and inflation rate respectively. By implication, the volatility of these variables had a long memory, persistence and mean-reverting.
Speleothems from the Middle East: An Example of Water Limited Environments in the SISAL Database
Authors: Burstyn Yuval , Martrat Belen , Lopez Jordi F. , Iriarte Eneko , Jacobson Matthew J. , Lone Mahjoor Ahmad , Deininger Michael
Published: February 2019

The Middle East spans the transition between temperate Mediterranean climate in the Levant to hyper-arid sub-tropical deserts in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula, with the complex alpine topography in the northeast feeding the Euphrates and Tigris rivers which support life in the southeastern Fertile Crescent (FC). Climate projections predict severe drying in major parts much of the ME in response to global warming, making it important to understand the controls of hydro-climate perturbations in the region. Here we discuss 23 ME speleothem stable oxygen isotope (δ18Occ) records from 16 sites from the SISAL_v1 database, which provide a record of past hydro-climatic variability. Sub-millennial changes in ME speleothem δ18Occ values primarily indicate changes in past precipitation amounts superimposed on variations of the main synoptic pattern in the region, specifically Mediterranean cyclones. The coherency (or lack thereof) between regional records is reviewed from Pleistocene to present, covering the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), prominent events during deglaciation, and transition into the Holocene. The available speleothem δ18Occ time-series are investigated by binning and normalizing at 25-year and 200-year time windows over the Holocene. Important Holocene climatic oscillations are discussed, such as the 8.2 ka, 4.2 ka and 0.7 ka (the Little Ice Age) Before Present events. Common trends in the standardized anomalies are tested against different climate archives. Finally, recommendations for future speleothem-based research in the region are given along with comments on the utility and completeness of the SISAL database.
Asociación entre la higiene oral y la prevalencia de caries dental en escolares de 6 a 12 años de edad de la institución educativa San Gabriel, Villa María del Triunfo, en 2017
Authors: Cipriano Martínez Darío , Chipana Herquinio Cinthya
Published: February 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la prevalencia de caries dental y el índice de higiene oral simplificado Green Vermillionen escolares de 6 a 12 años de una IE del distrito de Villa María del Triunfo. Materiales y métodos: Se ejecutó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo con 129 niños de 6 a 12 años de una institución educativa San Gabriel, Villa María del Triunfo (Lima, Perú). Se usó el Índice de CPO-D para determinar la presencia de caries. Para la evaluación del índice de higiene oral, se empleó el índice de Green y Vermillion. Para el análisis estadístico, se aplicó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 23.Esta etapa se comenzó con un análisis univariado que consistió en describir la frecuencia de caries dental por sexo y grupo etario. Seguidamente, se realizó un análisis bivariado que consistió en la prueba no paramétrica de Xi cuadrado para determinar la asociación de cada factor de riesgo. Resultados: Se determinó que la prevalencia de caries dental fue del 85,3% y se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la prevalencia de caries dental y el índice de higiene oral Green Vermillion. Conclusiones: La higiene oral se encuentra relacionada de manera significativa con la prevalencia de caries dental.
Prevalencia de caries de infancia temprana en preescolares de 3 a 5 años de edad de la institución educativa San Gabriel, Villa María del Triunfo, 2017
Authors: Aparicio Vergara Alicia
Published: February 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación de la prevalencia de CIT en preescolares de 3 a 5 años de la Institución EducativaSan Gabriel (distrito de Villa María del Triunfo), en 2017, según edad y género. Materiales y métodos: Se ejecutó unestudio de tipo descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo con 92 preescolares de 3 a 5 años. La recolección de datos se realizó previa capacitación y la calibración del examinador con el Gold Standard. Se usó el índice de ceo-d para determinar la presencia de caries. Para el análisis estadístico, se aplicó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 23. Esta etapa se comenzó con un análisis univariado que consistió en describir la frecuencia de CIT, género y grupo etario. Seguidamente, se realizó la etapa de análisis bivariado que consistió en la prueba no paramétrica de Xi cuadrado para determinar la asociación. Resultados: La prevalencia de CIT fue del 72,8%. Se encontró relación  estadísticamente significativa entre CIT y la edad p = 0,021, encontrándose porcentajes del 28,3% a los 5 años, el 26,1% a los 4 años y el 18,5% a los 3 años. En cuanto a la asociación de la prevalencia de CIT y el género, se encontró porcentajes mayores en el género femenino del 40,2% en comparación con el 32,6% del género masculino, sin ser estadísticamente significativo p = 0,782. Conclusión: La prevalencia de CIT fue alta (72,8%). Existe asociación entre CIT y la edad, y se incrementa a medida que los niños crecen. No existe asociación entre CIT y el género.
Traumatismo dentoalveolares, características clínicas e imagenológicas: Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Sánchez Herrera Mónica Pamela
Published: February 2019

El traumatismo dentoalveolar resulta del impacto de una fuerza externa, con variación de intensidad, que afecta lacalidad de vida del individuo debido a la alteración en la estética por alteración de la apariencia, problemas funcionales al alterar el habla, lo que genera un impacto psicológico y social. Las causas van desde una simple caída hasta prácticas deportivas, accidentes automovilísticos, violencia, manejo de herramientas de trabajo. Los niños y adolescentes son los más susceptibles, y las piezas anteriores superiores las que frecuentemente son más afectadas. El manejo multidisciplinario de la lesión y el estudio con exámenes complementarios, como la radiografía, son indispensables para el diagnóstico de los traumatismos. Asimismo, avances tecnológicos como la tomografía de haz cónico han mejorado la observación al proporcionar cortes transversales.
Etiología, manifestaciones clínicas y estudio por imágenes de la displasia ectodérmica: Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rodríguez María Mercedes
Published: February 2019

La displasia ectodérmica (DE) es un trastorno hereditario multisistémico que involucra dos o más de las estructurasectodérmicas, que incluyen alteraciones en la piel, cabello, uñas, dientes y glándulas sudoríparas. Las manifestaciones bucales más frecuentes son alteraciones dentarias en número y forma, como anodonciase hipodoncias en ambas denticiones, gérmenes dentarios distróficos, dientes impactados, en forma de clavija,conoides, microdoncia, diastemas, etc. El diagnóstico clínico siempre va acompañado de estudios imagenológicos y,según la edad en que se diagnostique, el tratamiento siempre estará dirigido a restablecer y mejorar la calidad de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la etiología, las manifestaciones clínicas y las características imagenológicas observadas en radiografías panorámicas, laterales de cráneo, cefalometrías y tomografíascomputarizadas de haz cónico (TCHC), con la finalidad de contribuir y ser parte del manejo multidisciplinariopara lograr diagnósticos y tratamientos seguros y confiables.
Legitimaciones, fisuras y abundancia en los libros octavo y noveno de los Comentarios reales
Authors: De Taboada Javier
Published: February 2019

El presente artículo intenta revisar y poner en relación algunos de los conceptos más importantes que la crítica literaria ha concebido para aproximarse a la obra fundacionaldel Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Comentarios reales de los incas. Estos son: el método filológico de Garcilaso como garante de su discurso, la oscilación del sujeto mestizo enlos Comentarios y el discurso de la abundancia en relación con la naturaleza americana. Para ello, me centraré en los libros VIII y IX de la obra, dedicados a presentar los productosnaturales, tanto propios de América como importados de España.
El día a día de la guerra contra Chile. Cotidianidad y ciudadanos (1879-1882)
Authors: Rosario Emilio
Published: February 2019

En este trabajo desarrollaremos la vida cotidiana durante la guerra contra Chile desde los inicios de 1882. Nos enfocaremos en el comportamiento de la poblacióndurante los principales acontecimientos del conflicto, como las pérdidas en batallas y combates, la huida del presidente Mariano Ignacio Prado y la llegada de los chilenos a la capital.Para ello, utilizaremos los relatos de diversos autores, como Ricardo Palma, Dora Mayer, entre otros testigos de la época, quienes nos apoyarán en la realización de nuestro discurso.
Desde el Sur journal guidelines for the authors of articles
Authors: . Universidad Científica del Sur
Published: February 2019

Desde el Sur, a journal edited by the General Courses Coordination ofUniversidad Científica del Sur (UCSUR), is a peer-reviewed semi-annual publication.It features previously unpublished research articles from all overthe world in the fields of humanities and social sciences, preferably with afocus on Latin American issues. Desde el Sur is distributed free of charge inboth its printed and online versions.