bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Suppositories and Application of Vaginal Drug Delivery System
Authors: Danaboina Srinivas
Published: July 2024

Historically, medications that caused unconsciousness, haemorrhoidal, germicidal, and purgative effects were administered the rectal route as suppository injections. The majority of medicinal drugs on the market today are designed to be administered rectal in order to increase their bioavailability and achieve the necessary therapeutic blood concentration. Historically, only locally acting medications, such as steroids, prostaglandins, spermicidal, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral, were allowed during vaginal birth. The capacity to avoid first-pass hepatic processing, accessibility, a healthy blood supply, and permeability to big molecular weight medications, such as peptides and proteins, are the main benefits of this route. Vaginal medicine delivery devices that are frequently utilised include suppositories, creams, gels, pills, and vaginal rings. This message is intended to give the reader an overview of the developments in the area of vaginal medication delivery.
Playful Design Strategies. The Introbots Experience: Enhancing Co-Design Practices for Inclusive and Engaging Urban Spaces with Children.
Authors:   POLIS University, Perna Valerio
Published: July 2024

Western Culture has stigmatized introversion as a less desirable trait of personality especially for designers and people involved in creative activities. According to many studies, an extroverted character is considered a plus and leads to a more successful and satisfying life. But is true that introverts are at a disadvantage? The Introbots are a group of fluffy and goofy playful artefacts that aim to create an exploration and a commentary of what it means to be introverted and to pave the way for educators and students to reflect on the misconception that extroversion is positive and introversion is a disadvantage to be corrected. In 2018, they were the protagonists of a workshop at the School of Architecture (SOU) in Favara children, when they were used to sensibilize the young students to the topic of introversion and to empower them to design more inclusive playground and urban spaces in the urban environments. The chapter discusses the results of that experience and implicitly shows how the relationship between play and learning is not unilateral but rather biunivocal, and the playful artefacts are not just mere instruments but real tools that can help us to disclose the power of play when it comes to the design of our urban landscapes.
Vision and Imagination in Urban Planning
Authors: Kotmilo Eno , Kotmilo Gjergj
Published: July 2024

“Life is very complex. Don’t try to find the answers, because when you find them, life changes the questions.” (Unknown) “I am enough of an artist to draw freely upon my imagination. Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world, stimulating progress, giving birth to evolution.” (Albert Einstein, 1924) Within the realms of sustainable and resilient territorial and spatial (urban) planning, the pivotal role of Vision and Imagination emerges as a decisive factor for genuine and effective outcomes. Urban planning, inherently a technical tool, unfolds within a multidisciplinary framework that converges into a comprehensive synthesis of plans and explanatory materials. This complexity extends beyond a mere enumeration of stages or degrees of final approval, as the resultant framework is submitted to central or local governments. Their role encompasses not only adherence but also the oversight and control of the document;s execution, a document that serves as a guiding force for necessary transformations and investments in the planned territory. The objectives of planning primarily center around extensive terrains, necessitating prolonged periods of study and design. The implementation itself unfolds over a relatively extended timeline, commencin with the examination of local plans, urban development plans, city plans, and progressing to regional plans. Acknowledging the inherent dynamics and potential alterations in final indicators and goals during the sustainable and resilient planning processes, it becomes imperative to establish a vision early on. It is in this context of necessitated vision and imagination that we present our perspective in this paper.
A review on citizen motivation analyses for participating on urban planning process
Authors:   POLIS University, Shehu Dhurata , Luarasi Tamara ,   POLIS University
Published: July 2024

The rapid development of urban areas and the rising complexity of urban concerns have caused considerable problems for urban planners. Standard methods of evaluation, including statistics, geographical information systems (GIS), and studies of literature, are no longer enough for understanding the enormous number of data and reports available. Such tremendous amount of data is calling for new, data-intensive methods to conduct research in science, urban planning, engineering etc. But it remains up to urban planners and decision-making institutions to take advantage of this potential and use urban and society informatics to gather useful information. Through an in-depth examination of current research, this review highlights crucial elements that mediate the interaction between residents and the urban planning process. Numerous studies have examined at survey design and administration, but we must also consider how to convey the request for information from residents in an appealing way for them. In comparison to survey polls, social media can provide a more scientifically accurate representation of popular attitudes of certain topics. But, despite this advantage, there seem to be limited investigations into the challenges in social media-based public opinion analysis. Furthermore, the introduction of AI and deep learning models, paired with greater processing capacity, tools, and algorithms, creates new options for addressing difficult urban issues. How could AI facilitate planners in the planning process? What methodology could be followed in order to reach a high response rate from citizens? Do the institutions possess these data? Which factors indicate the motivation and intentions of people on involving in this entire process? This study serves as a starting point for future researchers, with the goal of answering these concerns by providing a complete review of existing and potential AI applications in urban and regional planning processes. Most of the findings reveal that the level of community participation in the urban planning process in developing countries is low. As a result, this study recommends the development of a single national strategy for social media platforms used by municipal institutions, which will encourage the use of government tools such as discussion and incentives, therefore improving social networks and the effectiveness of organizers.
Metropolitan Public Transport Lines in Tirana: Assessment of Public Mobility
Authors: Gora Alba , Ryçi Ersi , Kacani Artan ,   Polis University
Published: July 2024

Public transportation systems play a crucial role in providing residents with accessible transportation options in urban areas, and buses serve as the primary mode of public transportation in the Tirana Metropolitan Area due to various factors such as infrastructure limitations and urban planning challenges. This study utilises multi-criteria analysis (MCA) to evaluate 25 bus lines within the Tirana Metropolitan Area, aiming to assess their institutional impact, environmental footprint, and socioeconomic effects. The research seeks to provide insights into how these bus routes contribute to environmental sustainability, community well-being, and institutional compliance while aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A comparative analysis with Vienna’s public transportation system, renowned for its advanced network, highlights the challenges faced by Tirana in achieving a sustainable and efficient mobility system. Geographic mapping of public transportation stations and lines in Tirana reveals discrepancies in coverage, accessibility, and effectiveness across municipalities. Through MCA, the study systematically assesses key indicators to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each bus line. Results indicate that "The Green Line" emerges as the top-performing public transport line with a rating of 9.4, while “Qyteti Studenti” is identified as the least effective line with a rating of 3.2.
New Mobility Services and sustainable urban development: The common EU vision and the challenges for transport planning in Greek cities.
Authors: Gavanas Nikolaos
Published: July 2024

The transport sector is one of the sectors that has been greatly influenced by the 4th Industrial Revolution through the development of New Mobility Services (NMS). NMS include innovative transport modes, such as autonomous road vehicles, and new concepts for serving mobility needs, such as Mobility as a Service, which are gradually being implemented in cities of Europe and worldwide. As part of the implementation of the European Union’s (EU) Green Deal, the EU strategy for transportation and mobility sets specific ambitions and targets regarding NMS and their contribution to sustainable urban development. The core documents outlining the relevant EU strategy comprise the “Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy – putting European transport on track for the future” (COM(2020) 789 final) and “The New EU Urban Mobility Framework” (COM(2021) 811 final). In this context, the purpose of the current paper is the comprehensive description of the EU policy priorities for the implementation of NMS, deriving from the synthetic analysis of the information presented in the above-mentioned policy documents. The paper also aims at the discussion of challenges from the perspective of planning for urban mobility in Greek cities, such as the attachment to the private car for daily mobility, the necessity for data exchange and cooperation between stakeholders and the need for a long-term vision for sustainable urban development. Taking into account the overall policy objectives at the EU level and the challenges for pursuing these objectives to achieve the digital and green transition of Greek cities, the paper concludes with the suggestion of planning recommendations to integrate NMS into their urban transport system with a positive impact on their ongoing effort for the “sustainable mobility paradigm” shift. These recommendations mainly refer to the application of contemporary planning approaches, such as participatory planning, interdiscipl nary cooperation and evidence-based planning, with focus on the issue of NMS implementation at the urban level. The issues discussed in the current paper directly concern planners and policy makers in urban areas of Greece, while they can be appropriately adjusted to the considerations of stakeholders in other cities. They can also provide the background to develop case- specific methodological processes to address the planning needs for the integration of NMS to a particular city.
Planning for Resilience – Study of a social housing model for Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
Authors: Cazacova Liudmila , Elmenghawi Fathia , Sohail Ayza
Published: July 2024

Housing, in general, addresses technical, social, political, and economic issues more than any other building type. However, there is a recent emphasis on a bigger picture with more intention placed on implementing sustainable planning aspects of neighborhoods and communities’ level as well as on the individual house’s level. Considering that from 10 to 20 percent of the total urban area is usually occupied by social housing, urban resiliency is currently in the center of debate about the provision of social housing in order to achieve the long-term sustainable development goals. United Arab Emirates (UAE) government considers housing as one of the most vital sectors of the country’s economy that safeguards a successful sustainable urban development. One the main goals of the country is to provide its citizens with quality social housing. Hence, new, more resilient models of neighbourhood planning are introduced in replacement to the conventional models of urban forms. However, these programs address country’s citizens only despite the fact that the demographics of the country shows the ratio of Emirati population to Expat 11,48% to 82,52% respectively. Based on this perspective, this study discusses the requirements of resilient social housing that are adaptable to the local environment, by proposing a social housing model for expat population of the country. Through observation of expat social housing conditions and of existing social housing programs for Emiratis population in Ras Al Khaimah, authors design criteria for environmentally/culturally adaptive social housing. The observation phase of the research is followed by an experimental one, during which the authors suggest a social housing model for Expat population that satisfy the set criteria. As a result of the research, model of social housing that considers the environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainability is suggested to comply with Emirate’s strategy to enhance the sector of social housing. By this research, the authors comply with the Emirate’s strategy to enhance social housing and inform all decision makers and responsible stakeholders about the importance of better individual housing unit-neighbourhood-city planning that will result in sustainable communities and social equity.
Food sustainability of gigantic cities
Authors:   POLIS University, Lezzerini Luca
Published: July 2024

Due to strong urbanism flow, many cities are continuously growing trending to become gigantic cities. Gigantic means that either the city has a huge number of inhabitants and commuters, or it contains a large part of the whole population of the country and the rest of the territory is moving towards a low-density population. In both cases, food sustainability is one of the most concerning challenges that must be addressed. After a deep literature review, the paper analyzes the main elements in food supply to gigantic cities. Then, possible risks are identified and quantified in a general case, ranking them according to a priority metric (also defined in the research). Risks are approached with solutions based on urban and territorial planning, including the selection of a socio-economical model to be used as a reference and tools to ensure food supply. In the paper, different possible planning strategies derived from African case studies are proposed and evaluated in their application to Tiranë (a city containing a large portion of the whole population) and to other gigantic (in the sense of a very large number of inhabitants and commuters) cities in the world. Results demonstrate that specific planning strategies should be activated at both urban and regional levels to provide local food autonomy, including production, processing, storage and transportation. The research is a portion of wider research about smart cities’ urban planning strategies and although it is limited to regions with good climate and fertile neighbouring, its principles can be also extended to more challenging cases from both climate and land quality. The research is also a starting point to define a resilient planning strategy to support, in the long period, the management of the impact of climate change on the food provisioning for very big cities. The paper also proposes a form of cooperative bond (the rural socio-economic model) in the countryside to increase productivity and avoid excessive urbanism, easing the presence of workers in the farms that are supposed to supply the city. The paper considers only normal operational conditions and does not keep into account special conditions like famine, flooding, war and similar. Although these conditions are not considered, the proposed methodology is still applicable to these cases and will be developed in further research.
Spatial Dimensions of Contemporary Energy Policies in Expanding Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Yılmaz Merve
Published: July 2024

The issue of energy occupies a significant position in contemporary policies aimed at achieving sustainable development goals. In order to achieve a sustainable future through the integration of social, economic, and environmental goals, energy policies seek to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, increase access to clean energy at affordable prices, and increase energy efficiency. It is therefore emphasised that energy policies are of critical importance even in determining how land will be used in expanding urban areas. In this context, energy policies in expanding cities and even metropolises have the potential to support sustainable development goals. Contemporary energy policies significantly affect the sustainability and energy efficiency of urban settlements. Factors that directly affect energy demand and use are included in land use decisions. Energy-efficient planning and policies recommend actions that take into account factors that influence energy demand in order to promote sustainable energy use in urban environments. This study examines the spatial characteristics of settlements on the Mediterranean coast at different scales and their inclusion in contemporary energy strategies. A classification is made using literature research, local policy and strategy reports of countries and cities at different scales, and research covering the energy-related studies of organisations. Although there are dominant settlement areas in countries bordering the Mediterranean, these cities can be characterised by factors such as energy needs and urbanisation since they are under common climatic conditions. The necessity for the adoption of regulatory energy efficiency legislation and national energy efficiency programmes in Mediterranean countries has been a prominent theme in recent scientific research and local policies. Increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption and emissions are frequently highlighted as key priorities in this region. Research conducted at the meso-micro level of energy policy emphasises the importance of user participation in evaluating optimisation results and suggests adaptable methodologies in various contexts. Ultimately, it can be concluded that energy policies in countries bordering the Mediterranean must include urban planning, the efficient use of renewable energy resources, environmental protection and social participation. The success of these policies should be shaped and implemented taking into account regional characteristics and local needs.
Removal of Phosphate and Ammonium Ion from Domestic Wastewater Using Clay Feldspar in Wupa Sewage Treatment Plant Abuja
Authors: Shiru Grace Adama , Auta Manase , Mustapha Sarafadeen Ajibola
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is centered on the sustainability of feldspar as an adsorbent as opposed to other clay minerals such as plastic clay, red clay and barite. Brauner-Emmert-Teller (BET) analysis of the clay minerals considered in this study revealed that raw feldspar had the highest surface area and pore volume of 332.8 m²/g and 0.218 cc/g respectively. Similarly, the clay minerals were used in adsorption study with feldspar producing the best removal efficiency of 90.00%and 73.96% for ammonium and phosphate ions respectively. The BET results and the adsorption test showed that feldspar was a better adsorbent than the other adsorbents. Thermal activation of feldspar was carried out at temperatures of 500–700 ◦C using muffle furnace. The BET results of the thermal activation revealed that feldspar activated at 600 ◦C has the highest surface area and pore volume of 533.9 m²/g and 0.272 cc/g respectively. The Fourier’s transformed infrared (FT-IR) results indicated that several functional groups were involved in the adsorption process of the phosphate and ammonium ions some of which were O-H, N-H and C-O groups. The results showed that irregular-layered structures of the raw feldspar became smooth and regular after thermal activation. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, contact time and initial PO₄3− and NH₄⁺ concentrations on the adsorption of phosphate ions and ammonium ions were investigated using atomic adsorption spectroscopy (ASS). The adsorption studies of phosphate ion and ammonium ion onto feldspar increased with contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperatures until optimum values were reached.
Carex distachya (Cyperaceae) with both subspecies in Europe
Authors: Koopman Jacob , Więcław Helena , Bogdanović Sandro , Denchev Teodor T.
Published: July 2024

Carex distachya Desf. is a circum-Mediterranean species. Since 1985 two varieties have been distinguished, C. distachya var. distachya and C. distachya var. phyllostachioidea Ö.Nilsson. The former is widespread, while the latter is considered to be restricted to West Türkiye and the East Aegean Islands, but our research has revealed that C. distachya var. phyllostachioidea is much more widespread in the south-east of Europe, in Croatia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and mainland Greece. It seems to have been overlooked in these countries so far. As C. distachya var. phyllostachioidea occurs in the East Mediterranean region, we have therefore raised this taxon to subspecies level. Our research has also shown that the differences between the two subspecies are less clear than initially suggested. An upgraded key is therefore added.
Efficient and Convenient Access to Optically Active Tetrafluoroethylenated Amines Based on [1,3]-Proton Shift Reaction
Authors: Kabumoto Yuta , Yoshimoto Eiichiro , Xiaohuan Bing , Yasui Motohiro , Yamada Shigeyuki , Konno Tsutomu
Published: July 2024

Treatment of various (R)-N-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropent-4-en-1-ylidene)-1-phenylethylamine derivatives with 2.4 equiv. of DBU in toluene at room temperature to 50 °C for 24 h led to a smooth [1,3]-proton shift reaction with a high chirality transfer, affording the corresponding rearranged products in acceptable yields. Without purification, these products were subjected to acid hydrolysis and the subsequent N-Cbz protection, providing the optically active tetrafluoroethylenated amides in moderate three-step yields.
Contextual Guessing Method Versus Project-Based Learning: A Comparative Study of Students’ Response and Difficulties in Learning English
Authors: Ida Lisdawati  , Nisa El Fauziah Ula , P. Bhuana Gartika
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Students needed to gain comprehension of the material to participate in reading activities. Many students still struggled to read English-language texts, nevertheless. They encountered unfamiliar words regularly. Consequently, contextual guessing and project-based learning emerged as a method that students may use to deduce the text. The goals of this study were to: (1) ascertain how students felt about using the technique to raise their reading comprehension levels; and (3) look into the challenges that students faced when using the technique to understand the text. An explanatory sequential design with mixed methodologies was employed in the study. The instruments included an open-ended interview, a closed-ended questionnaire, and a multiple-choice exam. Thirty-two students from one of the junior high schools in Cimahi served as the research subjects. These two conclusions are the result of this research: The use of the contextual guessing technique and project-based learning had an impact on students' reading comprehension, according to the following findings: (1) the questionnaire data; and (2) the interview data, which indicated that students' positive responses to the use of the contextual guessing technique in teaching reading comprehension were based on two factors: (1) a lack of vocabulary and (2) weak English proficiency.
EXPLORING DIVERGENT QUESTIONS AND COLD CALLING IN A CLASS DISCUSSION
Authors: Ida Lisdawati
Published: July 2024

Effective communication is crucial in education as it plays a pivotal role in fostering student engagement and participation in the classroom. Students encounter numerous challenges when engaging with teachers, particularly in English classes. They must exert greater focus and be more proactive in the learning process to comprehend the information, which hinders their ability to remain engaged and actively participate. Researchers aim to explore questioning strategies and cold-calling techniques to enhance students' comprehension, increase their engagement in the learning process, and create avenues for them to articulate their viewpoints using cold-calling approaches facilitated by the teacher. This study aims to analyze how students react to the combination of the questioning method and cold calling in a collaborative setting. The study employed the qualitative descriptive method as its research approach and design. The research findings demonstrated that integrating the questioning method and cold calling was not beneficial in facilitating the development of practical lessons. It was evident from the shift in class dynamics observed after the study. Conversely, cold calling continues to pressure students, causing them to lose concentration on class issues. Implementing questioning and cold-calling strategies in the classroom yields distinct effects. There were two opposing situations in which students attempted to maintain their focus to respond to the teacher's questions while also experiencing anxiety simultaneously.
Análisis Invitro de Pruebas Cruzadas Heterólogas entre Sangre Bovina y Canina
Authors: Salazar Prado José Ricardo , Chalco Torres Lorena Elizabeth , Zapata Saavedra Matilde Lorena , Romero Cali Katiuska Lilibeth , Luna Florín Johon Armando , Diaz Sánchez Isis Gabriela
Published: July 2024

Las pruebas de compatibilidad cruzada son esenciales para determinar la compatibilidad serológica entre un paciente y un donante de sangre en medicina veterinaria. Este estudio investigó la viabilidad de la xenotransfusión entre bovinos y caninos mediante pruebas cruzadas in vitro. Se recolectaron muestras de 115 perros y bovinos, procesándolas para pruebas de compatibilidad a diferentes temperaturas. Los resultados demostraron que, en promedio, el 98% de los caninos mostraron entre un 75% y un 100% de compatibilidad con sangre bovina, sugiriendo la viabilidad de la xenotransfusión. El análisis de pruebas cruzadas mayores y menores es esencial para evaluar la compatibilidad serológica. La prueba cruzada mayor verifica la presencia de anticuerpos en el receptor contra los glóbulos rojos del donante, mientras que la menor analiza los anticuerpos en el donante contra los glóbulos rojos del receptor. Este estudio indicó una alta compatibilidad serológica, respaldando la posibilidad de usar sangre bovina en transfusiones de emergencia para perros. La xenotransfusión de sangre de bovinos a caninos podría ser una solución en emergencias cuando la sangre canina no está disponible. Este enfoque podría mejorar significativamente la práctica clínica veterinaria, especialmente en regiones con recursos limitados para bancos de sangre específicos para caninos. A pesar de los resultados prometedores, aún faltan estudios detallados que evalúen los riesgos y beneficios a largo plazo de las transfusiones heterólogas. Concluimos que, aunque las pruebas cruzadas son esenciales para la seguridad transfusional, la investigación debe continuar para superar las limitaciones actuales y optimizar la práctica de la xenotransfusión en medicina veterinaria.
Estrés Percibido y Comportamiento del Consumo Alimentario en Personal Administrativo durante la Pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Ramos Apaza Cinthia Elizabeth , Huarachi Valencia Juan Pablo , Begazo Miranda José Oscar Alberto
Published: July 2024

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado cambios en diversas entornos de nuestra vida siendo el estrés una de las más agobiantes que a su vez tambien habria modificado el comportamiento alimentario, por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio determina los niveles de estrés percibidos y su efecto en la frecuencia en el consumo alimentario en 60 trabajadores administrativos de una universidad pública durante periodo pandémico por COVID-19, a partir de un estudio descriptivo transversal de corte longitudinal a traves del cuestionario de Estrés laboral OIT/OMS y el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, siendo los datos procesados a partir del programa R Studio version 4.0.3. Los resultados muestran que el 92% de los participantes presentó estrés Bajo y el 8% estrés Moderado, siendo los alimentos con mayor frecuencia de consumo: cereales-legumbres (21.2 v/mes), frutas-verduras (13 – 12.4 v/mes), cárnicos (pollo: 13.5 v/mes), bebidas azucaradas (7 v/mes), dulces-golosinas (4,3 v/mes). Concluyéndose que la modalidad de trabajo semi presencial adoptada en periodo pandémico se asocia a bajos niveles de estrés laboral, siendo mayor la preferencia en el consumo de frutas y verduras que no afectaron considerablemente la elección en la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos.
Estrés laboral, Calidad de vida, Consumo alimentario y Estado nutricional en personal administrativo durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Ramos Apaza Cinthia Elizabeth , Huarachi Valencia Juan Pablo , Begazo Miranda José Oscar Alberto
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo de investigación tiene por Objetivo determinar el efecto del estrés laboral en la calidad de vida, consumo alimentario y estado nutricional en administrativos de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Éste estudio de tipo descriptivo, observacional, transversal y prospectivo, se efectuó en 60 trabajadores a quienes se aplicó la Escala de Estrés Laboral (OIT/OMS), Calidad de vida WHOQOL- BREF, Cuestionario Frecuencia de Consumo Alimentario y se valoró el estado nutricional por bioimpedancia, siendo los datos analizados a través de estadísticos descriptivos, prueba Chi cuadrado de homogeneidad, Krushal Wallis, Programa R Studio V.4.0.3 NS= 0,05. Los Resultados evidencian la presencia de estrés laboral “bajo” y “moderado” (91,7% vs 8,3%) predominando una calidad de “vida normal” (70%) seguida de “buena”, “poca” y “muy buena” (23,3%, 5%, y 1,67%, respectivamente); el 46,7% presentó alto consumo de calorías (>3,250 KT/día), 71,7% bajo consumo de calorías carbohidratadas, 11,7% alto consumo de calorías lipídicas y 96,7% elevado consumo de calorías proteicas; siendo los alimentos de mayor frecuencia de consumo: cereales-legumbres (21,2 v/mes), frutas-verduras (13 – 12,4 v/mes), cárnicos (pollo: 13,5 v/mes), bebidas azucaradas (7 v/mes), dulces-golosinas (4,3v/mes); 35% presentaron porcentajes de grasa corporal elevado-muy elevado, 23.3% niveles de grasa visceral alta-muy alta, 30% bajos porcentajes de musculo esquelético y 52% sobrepeso-obesidad. Se concluye que la modalidad de trabajo semipresencial se asocia a bajos niveles de estrés laboral, no afectando la calidad de vida, consumo alimentario y el estado nutricional.
Complicaciones Tempranas de la Traqueostomía en Pacientes Críticos
Authors: Flórez Pérez Keiny Andrea , Vargas Cortés María Carolina , Manrique Karín , Soler Sierra Andrea Gissette , Puello Rico Yoberlys Lorraine , Blanco Martínez Andres Felipe , Mercado Hoyos María Camila
Published: July 2024

La traqueostomía es un procedimiento de tipo quirúrgico, que se realiza frecuentemente y que consiste en realizar una comunicación entre la mucosa traqueal con la piel del cuello, formando así una fístula hacia el exterior, que está indicada en una serie de condiciones que comprenden la necesidad de soporte vital, cirugías de cuello, manejo de secreciones, protección de la vía aérea, entre otras, las cuales se presentan por lo general en pacientes que se encuentran en un estado crítico en unidades de cuidados intensivos, en los que la atención debe ser muy eficiente y minuciosa debido a la complejidad de su estado. Como en todo procedimiento quirúrgico, en las traqueostomías por lo general se pueden presentar 2 tipos de complicaciones, que corresponden a las complicaciones tempranas y tardías, y el objetivo del siguiente artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura para conocer las principales complicaciones tempranas de la traqueostomía en pacientes críticos.
Exploring the Use of Graph Neural Networks for Blockchain Transaction Analysis and Fraud Detection
Authors: Harish Maturi Mohan , Sravan Meduri Sai
Published: July 2024

The digital system is increasing day by day while various organizations are facing problems during transactions and false activities. This research is investigating fraud detection in blockchain transactions- data used to focus on Ethereum_network. To implement the layers of Graph-Convolutional Networks (GCNs) that remain in the study, they convert blockchain transactional data into a graph structure with nodes representing addresses and edges representing transactions. The methodology includes data collection with preprocessing and graph representation in the implementation of GCN layers to analyze and detect deceitful activities. The outcomes illustration of the GNN model achieves a high accuracy score and precision with recall and F1-score. The analyses effectively identify fraudulent transactions while minimizing false positives. This work demonstrates the probability of GNNs to enhance fraud detection in blockchain systems and recommends future research directions convoluted in real-time data integration and advanced neural-network architectures toward advancing the toughness and effectiveness of fraud-detection mechanisms in trendy decentralized financial ecosystems.
Predictive Modeling of Future Trends in US Healthcare Data and Outcomes
Authors: Kobi Joseph , Nchaw Nchaw Amida , Otieno Brian
Published: July 2024

Predictive modeling has great potential to help guide healthcare policymaking and planning through forecasting future trends in domains such as disease prevalence, resource utilization, and costs. However, past research in this area has been limited by mostly examining small, narrow datasets that only captured specific illnesses or geographic regions. This study aimed to leverage more sophisticated predictive analytics to generate informed estimations of the most consequential healthcare trends anticipated in the United States throughout the next decade. The analysis drew upon an extensive collection of over 50 million longitudinal electronic health records spanning a 5-year timeframe, comprehensive national public health statistics from the same period, and Medicare claims encompassing 72 million beneficiaries. Advanced machine learning techniques, including neural networks and Bayesian additive regression trees, were applied to identify nonlinear relationships and temporal patterns across 500 variables related to patient demographics, medical diagnoses, therapeutic procedures, reimbursement amounts, and clinical outcomes. Models were trained using data from 2010 to 2015 then utilized to project trends and forecasts for the years 2020 to 2025. Five-fold cross-validation testing was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and generalizability of the predictive models. The model projections indicate that chronic disease prevalence nationwide will rise by approximately 40% by the conclusion of 2025, primarily fueled by growing epidemics of obesity and an increasingly aging American population. Additionally, heart disease and stroke are estimated to maintain their positioning as leading causes of death, but cases of dementia and Alzheimer's disease specifically are projected to climb even more sharply at over a 50% increase. Healthcare costs on the whole are anticipated to rise on average between 4-6% annually, and costs may potentially double for elderly patients presenting with multiple morbidities. As outpatient and home-based care options expand further, inpatient hospital facility utilization may drop marginally between 10-15%. Improved management of chronic medical conditions within local community settings could reduce preventable hospital readmissions from 25-30%. Primary care, nursing, and mental healthcare roles are likely to face looming staffing shortages as well. Telehealth adoption is forecasted to surge by approximately 45% as virtual visit formats help address access obstacles. By 2025, biologics and gene therapies could account for over 25% of total drug spending pertaining to oncology and rare disease treatment. Larger Medicaid, Medicare, and ACA commercial coverage markets may motivate higher rates of health insurance enrollment over the next few years.
Leveraging the Integration of IoT Devices for Energy Optimization in Office Blocks
Authors: Chada Tendai , Mafirabadza Chrispen
Published: July 2024

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in office buildings has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing energy efficiency and optimizing resource utilization. In the context of modern workplaces, the adoption of smart technologies offers a transformative approach towards achieving energy optimization goals. Internet connected smart devices are ubiquitous and hence opens new opportunities for optimising energy consumption within office blocks. This research paper explores the integration of IoT devices within an office environment to improve energy efficiency and sustainability. The research paper aims to review a simple and low-cost smart workplace model that employs IoT technology, cloud storage, and data analytics for real-time monitoring and analysis of energy consumption patterns within an office environment. The study examines the implementation of an integration of IoT sensors within an office environment enabling HVAC and lighting systems to dynamically adjust energy use based on real-time conditions such as occupancy levels, ambient temperature, and daylight availability. Through the identification of trends, anomalies, and opportunities for optimization, the study seeks to qualify adaptive control strategies that can effectually reduce energy waste and improve general operational productivity in office buildings. The findings from this research underwrite to the growing field of smart offices by demonstrating the potential of integrating IoT devices for energy optimization in modern office blocks.
Chemo-dynamical Evolution of Simulated Satellites for a Milky Way–like Galaxy
Authors: Hirai Yutaka , Kirby Evan N. , Chiba Masashi , Hayashi Kohei , Anguiano Borja , Saitoh Takayuki R. , Ishigaki Miho N. , Beers Timothy C.
Published: July 2024

The chemical abundances of Milky Way’s (MW's) satellites reflect their star formation histories (SFHs), yet, due to the difficulty of determining the ages of old stars, the SFHs of most satellites are poorly measured. Ongoing and upcoming surveys will obtain around 10 times more medium-resolution spectra for stars in satellites than are currently available. To correctly extract SFHs from large samples of chemical abundances, the relationship between chemical abundances and SFHs needs to be clarified. Here, we perform a high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulation of a MW-like galaxy with detailed models of star formation, supernova (SN) feedback, and metal diffusion. We quantify SFHs, metallicity distribution functions, and the α-element (Mg, Ca, and Si) abundances in satellites of the host galaxy. We find that star formation in most simulated satellites is quenched before infalling to their host. Star formation episodes in simulated satellites are separated by a few hundred Myr owing to SN feedback; each star formation event produces groups of stars with similar [α/Fe] and [Fe/H]. We then perform a mock observation of the upcoming Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) observations. We find that Subaru PFS will be able to detect distinct groups of stars in [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] space, produced by episodic star formation. This result means that episodic SFHs can be estimated from the chemical abundances of ≳1000 stars determined with medium-resolution spectroscopy.
Ecosystem Services in the Milpa System: A Systematic Review
Authors: Romero-Natale Aline , Acevedo-Sandoval Otilio , Sanchez-Porras Arturo
Published: July 2024

The Milpa System is a millenary agroecosystem that has played a crucial role in Mesoamerican agriculture for over 9,000 years. This system provides essential ecosystem services such as food production, soil quality restoration and the transmission of ecological knowledge. The objective of this paper is to inventory the potential ecosystem services provided by the milpa system, based on a systematic review of the literature. The review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology, ensuring reproducible and structured research. Despite the milpa system has been vital for Mexican agriculture, there is a significant lack of research on its ecosystem services. Because of this, the review was broadened to involve other types of polyculture agroecosystems that include maize as an integral part of their composition, resulting in the review of 47 articles encompassing 38 ecosystem services. Among these, five Provisioning services were identified, with 32 of the articles mentioning food provision. Twenty Regulation and Maintenance services are mentioned in 24 articles, while Cultural services are the least studied, appearing in only 12 articles. Although there is not enough research done on the potential of the milpa system to provide with ecosystem services, it remains a cornerstone of Mexican agriculture and social identity. Preserving and promoting the milpa system is essential for enhancing agricultural resilience, ensuring food security and conserving biodiversity.
Le sport aux enchères : la malédiction du vainqueur
Authors: Andreff Wladimir
Published: July 2024

En situation de monopole (monopsone), les organisations sportives maximisent leur rente en imposant des enchères à leurs clients (fournisseurs). Ces derniers subissent la malédiction du vainqueur de l’enchère et paient trop cher. Ce processus est à l’œuvre lors de (1) l’attribution des grands événements sportifs internationaux en poussant les villes candidates à surenchérir, (2) la mise en concurrence, par les propriétaires d’équipe, des villes intéressées à accueillir une franchise dans les ligues nord-américaines, (3) l’attribution des droits de retransmission entre des chaînes de télévision concurrentes et (4) l’acquisition des joueurs superstars dans la course aux armements que se livrent les clubs les plus riches. Classification JEL :
Accueillir les Jeux olympiques rend-il heureux ?
Authors: Mavridis Dimitris , Senik Claudia
Published: July 2024

À l’aide d’une enquête de panel auprès de 26 000 personnes résidant à Londres, Paris et Berlin pendant les mois d’été de 2011, 2012 et 2013, les auteurs exploitent l’expérience quasi naturelle que constitue le choix de Londres comme ville d’accueil. Ils suivent une approche en différence de différences, afin d’identifier l’effet d’accueillir les Jeux olympiques (JO) à l’été 2012. Leurs résultats montrent que les JO d’été ont accru la satisfaction et le bonheur des Londoniens à court terme (c’est-à-dire pendant la période olympique), en particulier autour des cérémonies d’ouverture et de clôture. L’effet bénéfique sur les Londoniens est assez important, mais l’équivalent monétaire de ce gain en bien-être subjectif reste bien inférieur au coût réel de l’événement. Cependant, la conclusion est différente, si l’on suppose que l’effet hédonique s’étend à l’échelle du Royaume-Uni et non à la seule ville de Londres. Classification JEL :
Les motivations à posséder un club de football au fil du temps
Authors: Drut Bastien
Published: July 2024

Les spéculations sur la revente de clubs de football professionnel alimentent l’actualité et rivalisent désormais dans les médias avec les spéculations sur les transferts des joueurs stars. Les motivations des acteurs, qui achètent ces clubs, sont hétérogènes et ont évolué au cours des dernières décennies. Dans les cinq grands championnats européens, l’évolution juridique des clubs a permis une ouverture de leur capital et a ouvert la porte à un certain nombre d’acteurs poursuivant chacun des objectifs particuliers : entreprises, milliardaires, États ou entités affiliées, fonds d’investissement, etc. Les motivations de ces propriétaires peuvent être très différentes, tendant, dans certains cas, vers la maximisation du nombre de victoires et, dans d’autres cas, vers celle des profits financiers. Nous mettons en avant les spécificités de chacun des types de propriétaires. Classification JEL :
La multipropriété, c’est l’envol
Authors: Arrondel Luc , Duhautois Richard
Published: July 2024

Dans le football, la multipropriété de clubs (en anglais multi-club ownership – MCO) concerne aussi bien des propriétaires individuels, des groupes ou des clubs. C’est un phénomène plutôt récent qui date de la fin des années 1990, mais qui semble prendre de l’ampleur dans le football aujourd’hui. Économiquement, cette évolution de la MCO s’inscrit dans une logique de fusions-acquisitions d’entreprises qui est une pratique courante dans une économie de marché. Elles peuvent alors être « horizontales » (rachat de clubs de même niveau), « verticales » (rachat de clubs formateurs), ou encore viser une « extension du marché » (rachat de clubs d’autres régions). D’un point de vue sportif, cette pratique pose des problèmes évidents de conflit d’intérêts, si deux équipes d’une MCO sont amenées à se rencontrer dans une même compétition. L’UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) a (pour l’instant) réglé ces problèmes d’éthique sportive avec la jurisprudence Red Bull basée sur son concept d’« influence décisive » d’un club sur un autre. Classification JEL :
Vers une convergence des systèmes de régulation du football professionnel français et européen ? Quand la viabilité financière remplace le fair-play financier de l’UEFA
Authors: Dermit-Richard Nadine , François Aurélien
Published: July 2024

Cet article analyse l’évolution des systèmes de régulation financière du football professionnel mis en place par la Direction nationale du contrôle de gestion en France, et par l’UEFA en Europe. Historiquement divergents dans leur philosophie, ces dispositifs ont été récemment remaniés. En 2022, le remplacement du fair-play financier par un système de viabilité financière semble avoir rapproché cette régulation du système français. Via l’analyse de l’évolution des règlements, nous montrons comment ces deux instances convergent vers l’instauration d’une contrainte budgétaire lâche pour les clubs évoluant dans les compétitions européennes et françaises, tout en ayant pour objectif de s’assurer de leur viabilité financière. De plus, ces régulations introduisent explicitement, pour la première fois, des contraintes de plafonnement de masse salariale comparables à celles des ligues nord-américaines. La simulation de cette règle, sur la saison 2021-2022 et sur un groupe de clubs français, montre que des différences persistent. Classification JEL :
Les finances des équipes cyclistes professionnelles
Authors: Van Reeth Daam
Published: July 2024

Bien que les courses cyclistes se gagnent individuellement, les organisateurs des courses invitent des équipes, et non des coureurs individuels, à leurs épreuves. Par conséquent, les cyclistes professionnels doivent faire partie d’équipes cyclistes pour se garantir l’accès aux courses les intéressant. Ce chapitre se concentre sur les finances des équipes cyclistes. D’abord, l’auteur montre comment les budgets des équipes professionnelles de cyclisme sur route ont considérablement augmenté au cours des vingt dernières années. Ensuite, les coûts d’une équipe cycliste (par exemple, les salaires des coureurs, la logistique) et les sources de revenus (par exemple, le sponsoring , les prix) sont discutés en détail. Classification JEL :