bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Train detection and classification using distributed fiber-optic acoustic sensing
Authors: Cai Yunpeng , Xu Tuanwei , Ma Jihui , Yan Wenfa
Published: August 2021

With the rapid development of the high-speed railway industry, train detection and identification play a vital role in capacity improvement and safe operation in railway systems. Conventional detection methods such as track circuit and axle counting tend to be interfered with by severe weather conditions and irrelevant conductive objects, leading to false detections. Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology is a prevailing sensing method in geophysics research, petroleum exploration, and structure inspection. Compared to traditional detection techniques, DAS is suitable for long-distance detection and is resistant to severe weather conditions and electrical interference. We have developed a train detection and classification system using DAS technology and have explored an effective classification method for train identification. Specifically, we conduct a field experiment by the side of a railroad over viaducts and the data are collected with the DAS detection system. To eliminate the impact of background noise, DC noise, and motor vehicle signals from the original data, we adopt a wavelet denoising method and Chebyshev filter to extract the features of three types of train signals. The vibration signals of these different trains indicate remarkable cyclical variations related to the number of wheelsets in the time domain and have similar narrow-band discrete spectrums with different characteristic peak frequencies. Furthermore, based on the features of the train signals, we select a support vector machine classifier to identify three types of trains, with accuracy greater than 97%.
Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Split-Dose Cisplatin Plus Pembrolizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy Before Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Rose Tracy L. , Harrison Michael R. , Deal Allison M. , Ramalingam Sundhar , Whang Young E. , Brower Blaine , Dunn Mary , Osterman Chelsea K. , Heiling Hillary M. , Bjurlin Marc A. , Smith Angela B. , Nielsen Matthew E. , Tan Hung-Jui , Wallen Eric , Woods Michael E. , George Daniel , Zhang Tian , Drier Anthony , Kim William Y. , Milowsky Matthew I.
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination with the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab as neoadjuvant therapy before radical cystectomy (RC) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

METHODS

Patients with clinical T2-4aN0/XM0 muscle-invasive bladder cancer eligible for RC were enrolled. The initial six patients received lead-in pembrolizumab 200 mg once 2 weeks prior to pembrolizumab 200 mg once on day 1, cisplatin 70 mg/m2 once on day 1, and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 once on days 1 and 8 every 21 days for four cycles. This schedule was discontinued for toxicity and subsequent patients received cisplatin 35 mg/m2 once on days 1 and 8 without lead-in pembrolizumab. The primary end point was pathologic downstaging (< pT2N0) with null and alternative hypothesis rates of 35% and 55%, respectively. Secondary end points were toxicity including patient-reported outcomes, complete pathologic response (pT0N0), event-free survival, and overall survival. Association of pathologic downstaging with programmed cell death ligand 1 staining was explored.

RESULTS

Thirty-nine patients were enrolled between June 2016 and March 2020 (72% cT2, 23% cT3, and 5% cT4a). Patients received a median of four cycles of therapy. All patients underwent RC except one who declined. Twenty-two of 39 patients (56% [95% CI, 40 to 72]) achieved < pT2N0 and 14 of 39 (36% [95% CI, 21 to 53]) achieved pT0N0. Most common adverse events (AEs) of any grade were thrombocytopenia (74%), anemia (69%), neutropenia (67%), and hypomagnesemia (67%). One patient had new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis related to pembrolizumab and no patients required steroids for immune-related AEs. Clinicians consistently under-reported AEs when compared with patients.

CONCLUSION

Neoadjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin plus pembrolizumab met its primary end point for improved pathologic downstaging and was generally safe. A global study of perioperative chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab or placebo is ongoing.
Optimizing Second-Line Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Work in Progress
Authors: Bartlett Nancy L.
Published: August 2021

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.
Epidural Placement in a Patient With a Type 2 Split Cord Malformation in the Interventional Pain Management Setting: A Case Report
Authors: Pak Aimee , Abrahams Eldhose
Published: August 2021

Split cord malformations are rare spinal dysraphisms in which 2 separate spinal cords are present. Despite its diagnosis in all age groups, split cord malformations are not well described. The clinical presentation and symptom severity are highly variable. Anesthesiologists may encounter patients with known or unknown split cord malformations without much information to guide clinical decision-making and procedural risks of neuraxial anesthesia. This is the first case to the authors’ knowledge of utilizing a caudal epidural injection for pain management in a patient with a diagnosed split cord malformation.
Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pediatric Celiac Plexus Block: A Case Report of Refractory Constipation Management
Authors: Morgan Kyle J. , Prajapati Hasmukh J. , Frett Michael J.
Published: August 2021

Liposomal bupivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic with a limited list of indications. At the time of publication, use is limited to field block and surgical wound infiltration and, more recently, interscalene nerve block. Although commonly used in adults, less is known about the safety and efficacy in pediatric patients. We present the use of liposomal bupivacaine for pediatric celiac plexus block in a 12-year-old boy suffering from gastrointestinal complications (eg, pain, constipation, and ileus) after bone marrow transplantation. Celiac plexus block utilizing liposomal bupivacaine was successfully used to palliate his pain and to normalize bowel function.
Maintained barostatic regulation of heart rate in digesting snakes (Boa constrictor)
Authors: Wang Tobias , Abe Augusto S. , Cruz-Neto Ariovaldo P. , Andrade Denis V. , Taylor Edwin W.
Published: August 2021

When snakes digest large meals, heart rate is accelerated by withdrawal of vagal tone and an increased non-adrenergic-non-cholinergic tone that seems to stem from circulating blood-borne factors exerting positive chronotropic effects. To investigate whether this tonic elevation of heart rate impairs the ability for autonomic regulation of heart during digestion, we characterised heart rate responses to pharmacological manipulation of blood pressure in the snake Boa constrictor through serial injections of sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine. Both fasting and digesting snakes responded with a robust tachycardia to hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside, with digesting snakes attaining higher maximal heart rates than fasting snakes. Both fasting and digesting snakes exhibited small reductions of the cardiac chronotropic response to hypertension, induced by injection of phenylephrine. All heart rate changes were abolished by autonomic blockade with the combination of atropine and propranolol. The digesting snakes retained the capacity for compensatory heart rate responses to hypotension, despite their higher resting values, and the upward shift of the barostatic response curve enables snakes to maintain the cardiac limb of barostatic regulation for blood pressure regulation.
Identification and characterization of VapBC toxin–antitoxin system in Bosea sp. PAMC 26642 isolated from Arctic lichens
Authors: Jeon Hyerin , Choi Eunsil , Hwang Jihwan
Published: August 2021

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are genetic modules composed of a toxin interfering with cellular processes and its cognate antitoxin, which counteracts the activity of the toxin. TA modules are widespread in bacterial and archaeal genomes. It has been suggested that TA modules participate in the adaptation of prokaryotes to unfavorable conditions. The Bosea sp. PAMC 26642 used in this study was isolated from the Arctic lichen Stereocaulon sp. There are 12 putative type II TA loci in the genome of Bosea sp. PAMC 26642. Of these, nine functional TA systems have been shown to be toxic in Escherichia coli. The toxin inhibits growth, but this inhibition is reversed when the cognate antitoxin genes are coexpressed, indicating that these putative TA loci were bona fide TA modules. Only the BoVapC1 (AXW83_01405) toxin, a homolog of VapC, showed growth inhibition specific to low temperatures, which was recovered by the coexpression of BoVapB1 (AXW83_01400). Microscopic observation and growth monitoring revealed that the BoVapC1 toxin had bacteriostatic effects on the growth of E. coli and induced morphological changes. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and northern blotting analyses showed that the BoVapC1 toxin had a ribonuclease activity on the initiator tRNAfMet, implying that degradation of tRNAfMet might trigger growth arrest in E. coli. Furthermore, the BoVapBC1 system was found to contribute to survival against prolonged exposure at 4°C. This is the first study to identify the function of TA systems in cold adaptation.
Whole-exome sequencing of de novo genetic variants in a Chinese family with a sporadic case of congenital nonsyndromic hearing loss
Authors: Hu Sijing , Zhang Hao , Liu Yunqiang , Liu Mohan , Li Jingjing , Liao Shunyao
Published: August 2021

Background: We examined the genetic variants of a Chinese family with a 22-month-old infant with sporadic non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (NSHL).

Methods: The whole-exome sequence data in the family, especially the de novo variants presented in the patient, were analyzed and the effect of the disease-causing genetic variants on the protein expression level and cellular localization were examined by cell-based functional assay.

Results: The infant had no known NSHL-causing variants, except two compound heterozygous variants in connexin26 gene GJB2; one was the c.79G>A, c.341A>G haplotype from the asymptomatic mother who was benign, and the other was a de novo pathogenic c.262G>C (p.A88P). In vitro, GJB2 with c.262G>C was weakly expressed and displayed a punctate distribution in the cytoplasm and cytomembrane, while wild type GJB2 was robustly expressed in the cytomembrane. We deduced that the de novo pathogenic GJB2 c.262G>C exacerbated loss-of-function in the context of leaky variants c.79G>A, c.341A>G in the patient. Interestingly, further analysis of exome sequences revealed that the occurrence of de novo pathogenic variants in the infant was frequent. Among the total~47,000 variants, 143 were de novo in the patient, whereas among all 74 variants predicted to be pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 21 were heterozygous and two were homozygous de novo. The occurrence rate of de novo deleterious variants was much higher (31.1%, 23/74) than that in total (0.34%, 143/47,000). It is notable that most genes with de novo deleterious variants were environment-sensitive, such as GJB2, MNK1, MNK2, MUC4, RAD21 and DNA copy number variations.

Conclusions: The full picture of genetic variants in the exome might help us to interpret the NSHL-causing variants. More research is needed into the causes of de novo deleterious variants and gene-environment interactions in congenital NSHL.
Pre-pregnancy and pregnancy cohorts: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Maxwell Lauren , Gilyan Regina , Chavan Sayali Arvind , Al-Zumair Marwah , Akter Shaila , Jaenisch Thomas
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Recent research in life course epidemiology has demonstrated the importance of evaluating how pre-pregnancy and pregnancy exposures affect later life developmental outcomes. While the fields of nutrition, non-communicable disease, and social epidemiology have examined a diversity of birth- and longer-term outcomes related to different exposures during pregnancy, little information exists on other types of exposures, including infectious, medication, and vaccine-related exposures. In this review, we describe completed or ongoing pregnancy and pre-pregnancy cohorts to assess gaps in the exposures and outcomes measured in these initiatives to inform future research investments.

Methods and analysis: We will apply the Arskey and O’Malley scoping review methodology and use the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for cohort studies. The systematic search strategy was developed and tailored for Ovid Medline and Embase, LILACs, and Web of Science with the assistance of an information scientist. We selected a scoping review rather than a systematic review methodology because this review is meant to provide a comprehensive overview of pregnancy and pre-pregnancy cohorts, rather than to focus on the findings from related research. The title-abstract and full text screening and data charting will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Discrepancies will be resolved by a third reviewer and results will be summarised in narrative form.

Ethics and dissemination: This scoping review summarizes findings from existing publications in peer reviewed journals and does not require ethics review. Findings will be disseminated through an open access publication.
Association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous: a case-control study at a single UK National Health Service trust
Authors: Simons David , Perski Olga , Shahab Lion , Brown Jamie , Bailey Robin
Published: August 2021

Background: It is unclear whether smoking increases the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation. We first examined the association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with hospitalisation for other respiratory viral infections a year previous. Second, we examined the concordance between smoking status recorded on the electronic health record (EHR) and the contemporaneous medical notes.

Methods: This case-control study enrolled adult patients (446 cases and 211 controls) at a single National Health Service trust in London, UK. The outcome variable was type of hospitalisation (COVID-19 vs. another respiratory virus a year previous). The exposure variable was smoking status (never/former/current smoker). Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position and comorbidities were performed. The study protocol and analyses were pre-registered in April 2020 on the Open Science Framework.

Results: Current smokers had lower odds of being hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous (ORadj=0.55, 95% CI=0.31-0.96, p=.04). There was no significant association among former smokers (ORadj=1.08, 95% CI=0.72-1.65, p=.70). Smoking status recorded on the EHR (compared with the contemporaneous medical notes) was incorrectly recorded for 168 (79.6%) controls (χ2(3)=256.5, p=<0.001) and 60 cases (13.5%) (χ2(3)=34.2, p=<0.001).

Conclusions: In a single UK hospital trust, current smokers had reduced odds of being hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous, although it is unclear whether this association is causal. Targeted post-discharge recording of smoking status may account for the greater EHR-medical notes concordance observed in cases compared with controls.
Country perspectives on improving technical assistance in the health sector
Authors: Kanagat Natasha , Chauffour Jeanne , Ilunga Jean-Fidèle , Yuma Ramazani Sylvain , Ovuoraye Ajiwohwodoma John J.P. , Ibrahim Anas-Kolo Salma , Maryjane Oleka , Onuekwusi Nkeiru , Ezombe Toto , Dominion James , Sunday Joseph , Kasongo Joseph , Ngambwa Gavial , Asala Christy , Nsibu Célestin , Williams Abimbola , Wendland Melanie , Klimiuk Emilia , LaFond Anne , Orobaton Nosa , Kasungami Dyness
Published: August 2021

Background: This paper presents learnings from the Re-Imagining Technical Assistance for Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health and Health Systems Strengthening (RTA) project implemented in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Nigeria from April 2018 to September 2020 by JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. and Sonder Collective and managed by the Child Health Task Force. The first of RTA’s two phases involved multiple design research activities, such as human-centered design and co-creation, while the second phase focused on secondary analysis of interviews and reports from the design research. This paper explores the limitations of current technical assistance (TA) approaches and maps opportunities to improve how TA is planned and delivered in the health sector.

Methods: We analyzed project reports and 68 interviews with TA funders, providers, and consumers to explore in greater detail their perspectives on TA, its characteristics and drawbacks as well as opportunities for improvement. We used qualitative content analysis techniques for this study.  

Results: The issues surrounding TA included the focus on donor-driven agendas over country priorities, poor accountability between and within TA actors, inadequate skill transfer from TA providers to government TA consumers, an emphasis on quick fixes and short-term thinking, and inadequate governance mechanisms to oversee and manage TA. Consequently, health systems do not achieve the highest levels of resilience and autonomy.

Conclusions: Participants in project workshops and interviews called for a transformation in TA centered on a redistribution of power enabling governments to establish their health agendas in keeping with the issues that are of greatest importance to them, followed by collaboration with donors to develop TA interventions. Recommended improvements to the TA landscape in this paper include nine critical shifts, four domains of change, and 20 new guiding principles.
Teacher’s strategy in Instilling Integrated Religious Character in The Learning of Elementary Schools
Authors: Susanti Eka , Suyatno Suyatno
Published: August 2021

This study describes the teacher’s strategy to instill integrated religious character in Muhammadiyah elementary school Demangan of Yogyakarta. This qualitative study research with a study case. The research data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. In this study, The research subject consisted of the principal, fifth-grade teacher, the students, and student guardians. The data validity test used the triangulation technique and sources. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The research result showed that the teacher’s strategy is to instill integrated religious character in learning by integrating religious character in the entire learning components, religious character internalization, religious character habituation, and religious character role model.
Feasibility and efficacy of the Vojta therapy in subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Juárez-Albuixech María Lidia , Redondo-González Olga , Tello-Díaz-Maroto Inmaculada , Torres de la Guía Jorge Lucas , Villafañe Jorge Hugo , Jiménez-Antona Carmen
Published: August 2021

Subacromial impingement syndrome (IS) is a common disorder associated with functional impairment and disability of the shoulder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Vojta therapy (VT) techniques compared with standard therapy (ST) in patients with subacromial IS. A randomized controlled trial was performed, with 60 patients with IS (mean age, 61±12 years) randomized into two groups: ST (n=30) and ST plus Vojta therapy (SVT, n=30). Both received 15 treatment sessions over 4 weeks. Outcome measures included pain intensity, functionality, joint range of motion (RoM), strength, and quality of life measurements. The efficacy of both treatments was analysed, both comparatively and separately, immediately after completion of treatment and after 3 months. After the intervention, both groups showed statistically significant differences in visual analogue scale (P=0.001), RoM (P<0.01), and strength (P<0.001), which were also seen 3 months after the intervention. SVT is more efficient in both the short and medium term in reducing pain, improving functionality, increasing articular RoM and strength, and offering a better quality of life in IS patients.
Comparative Review of the Correlation Between Electroneurography, Electromyography, Hematology Tests, or the Heart Rate Variability Test, with an Improvement in the Severity of Bell’s Palsy Symptoms
Authors: Hwang Ji-Min , Kim Jun-Yeon , Kim Ha-Na , Park Kyeong-Ju , Jo Min-Gi , Jang Jun-Yeong , Nam Sang-Soo , Goo Bon Hyuk , Kim Jung-Hyun , Ko Min Jung , Chae Sang Yeup , Park Young Jae
Published: August 2021

Background: In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine which diagnostic tests were associated with an improvement in Bell’s palsy symptoms. Methods: There were 30 patients who visited Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from April 1, 2017 to February 29, 2020, and who received East-West collaboration treatment for Bell’s palsy. The tests included electroneurography (ENoG), electromyography (EMG), hematology, and heart rate variability (HRV) results which were used to determine if any test correlated with improvement of Bell’s palsy symptoms. Results: The initial severity of symptoms did not correlate with the tests performed, with the exception of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.013). For both ENoG for oculi degeneration and mean EMG tests, the rate of nerve degeneration showed a significant negative correlation with the improvement of Bell’s palsy symptoms. Amongst the HRV test indicators, the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between the adjacent normal R-R wave interval, the standard deviation of intervals, total power, very low frequency, and high frequency of the wave was negatively correlated with improvement of Bell’s palsy symptoms. Similarly, glycosylated hemoglobin Type A1c (HbA1c) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) showed a negative correlation with improvement of symptoms of Bell’s palsy. With the exception of HbA1c and ESR, the remaining hematology test results showed no significant difference when comparing before and after treatment. Conclusion: ENoG, EMG, HRV test, HbA1c, and ESR negatively correlated with improvements in Bell’s palsy symptoms and may determine the prognosis of Bell’s palsy.
Acupuncture Treatment for Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Park Jae Eun , Kim Woo Young , Lee Soo Jin , Oh Da Yoon , Lee Min Cheol , Jeon Myung Kyu , Kim Hyeon Jin , Ahn Jae Young , Yang Su Hyeon , Choi Yun Young , Shin Na Young , Nam Hye Jin
Published: August 2021

To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) a literature review was conducted of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where acupuncture was used as an intervention for patients diagnosed with SIS. Relevant clinical studies (N = 181) were retrieved from several databases based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the interventions and results were analyzed. Six RCTs were selected to review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In all 6 studies, the acupuncture treatment group showed significant positive changes in indicators evaluating pain, disability, and quality of life. A significant decrease in the evaluation indicators (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, numeric rating scale, Visual Analogue Scale, Constant Murley Shoulder Assessment Score, patient’s global assessment, and doctor’s global assessment) and a significant increase in the questionnaire scores (UCLA, AL-score, EuroQol 5 Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) were observed. In addition, 1 study showed similar improvements in pain and quality of life measures in the acupuncture group and corticosteroid injection group. No major side effects were reported. Acupuncture may be an effective and safe treatment for SIS however, further RCTs are required.
An Experimental Study on the Pressure Range of Fire Cupping Method
Authors: An Soo Kwang , Kim Ku Weon , Lee Ha Lim , Lee Tae Wook , Kim Eun Seok , Lee Byung Ryul , Yang Gi Young
Published: August 2021

Background: Standardized procedures for the clinical application of fire cupping methods have not been established. In particular, the pressure parameters have not been fully characterized and described. Therefore, using various materials, this study investigated the pressure range exerted during fire cupping therapy. Methods: In this study, 3 differently sized (small, medium, large) glass and bamboo cups were used in the cotton ball fire cupping procedure to measure the pressure inside the cup applied to a human skin model. The pressure in each cup was measured 15 times for a total of 90 measurements. Results: A small bamboo cup had the minimum overall pressure (-305.4 mmHg), whereas the large glass cup exerted the maximum pressure (-401.3 mmHg), followed by the medium glass cup, large bamboo cup, small glass cup, and medium bamboo cup. The average pressure exerted by the cotton ball method for all cups ranged from -348.715 mmHg to -358.694 mmHg (95% confidence interval). Overall, the glass cups had a greater pressure than the bamboo cups in all groups (p < 0.001). Among the glass cups used, the larger the size of the cup, the higher the average pressure detected (-381.947 mmHg to -391.973 mmHg; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Large glass cups which are widely used in clinical practice, when used in the fire cupping method exerted pressure ranging from -381.947 mmHg to -391.973 mmHg (95% CI).
A Retrospective Chart Review of 122 Inpatients with Knee Osteoarthritis Treated with Korean Medicine: An Analysis of the Effects of Treatment
Authors: Yoo Dong-Hwi , Park Han-Bin , Jang Won-Suk , Kwon Oh-Bin , Choi Ki-Won , Lee Yu-Jin , Lee Sang-Gun , Choi Jae-Yong , Kim Ho , Jang Seon-Woo
Published: August 2021

Background: Korean medicine treatment was assessed in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) according to subgroups of: sex, age, cause of knee OA, body mass index, hospitalization period, history, OA compartment, phenotype, and comorbidity. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 122 inpatients who were admitted to the Hospital of Korean Medicine for Korean medicine treatment of knee pain, and were diagnosed with knee OA based on magnetic resonance imaging findings. Analysis of patient subgroups (sex, age, cause of knee OA, body mass index, hospitalization period, history, OA compartment, phenotype, and comorbidity) was carried out and treatments including acupuncture, cupping, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, chuna therapy, medicinal steaming therapy, manual therapy, and extracorporeal shock wave therapy were listed. The numeric rating scale (NRS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and 5-level EuroQol- 5 Dimension (EQ-5D-5L) scores were measured before and after treatment to assess the effects of treatment on pain and quality of life. Results: Seventeen males and 105 females were included in this study. Most patients were in their 60s. In the total study population, NRS, WOMAC, and EQ-5D-5L scores were improved statistically significant when comparing before and after treatment. The NRS and WOMAC scores improved statistically significant in the medial, patellofemoral, medial + patellofemoral, medial + lateral + patellofemoral compartment. Conclusion: Korean medicine treatment significantly reduced pain, stiffness, and physical dysfunction, and improved the quality of life of patients with knee OA, suggesting that it may be an effective alternative to the current conservative treatments.
How to Insert Acupuncture Needles into the Subacromial Space through LI15
Authors: Lee Kwang Ho
Published: August 2021

LI15 is an important acupuncture point to treat shoulder pain. There are 4 needling methods for LI15 in the textbook; 1 method requires the insertion of the needle horizontally between the acromion and the great tuberosity of the humerus with the arm lowered for supraspinatus tendonitis. This method is also applicable for all conditions of rotator cuff disease, but it has not previously been described in detail. Providing X-ray scans and describing needle direction and depth of insertion will provide evidence for needling with the arm down as an effective stimulation of the subacromial space. Firstly, for this technique, with the arm raised, a concave point is located between the front edge of the acromion and the humerus, and the lower upper arm. Secondly, the acupuncture needle is inserted slightly posteriorly towards the supraspinous fossa, in the direction of the supraspinatus tendon and to a depth of 30-40 mm.
Clinical Review of Pharmacopuncture Therapy Based on the Progression of Bell’s Palsy
Authors: Lee You Jung , Choi Yeon Ah , Ryu Soo Min , Lee Seung Min , Lee Eun Yong , Lee Cham Kyul , Jo Na Young , Roh Jeong Du
Published: August 2021

There were 26 Bell’s palsy cases at the Jecheon Hospital of Korean medicine, Semyung University from February 1, 2019, to February 28, 2021 reviewed. One group (A group) was treated with Bamboo salt pharmacopuncture and cervi cornu parvum pharmacopuncture (CC) pharmacopuncture in the paralyzed side of the face, and the other (B group) group was treated with Soyum pharmacopuncture, and hominis placenta (HP) pharmacopuncture. Amid a paucity of studies that have used bamboo salt and CC pharmacopuncture to treat Bell’s palsy, this study aimed to demonstrate possibility of treatment effect on Bell’s palsy. In addition, this study was to see if the effect of determine a change in pharmacopuncture was changed according to the progress of Bell’s palsy symptoms was effective. Bell’s palsy was improved in each group. Altough there were no significant differences in improvement between two groups, Bamboo salt pharmacopuncture and CC pharmacopuncture could be expected to be effective on the paralyzed face. Furthermore, it is effective to switch pharmacopuncture according to the progress of Bell’s palsy.
Impact of Different Pairings of Respondents on Scores on the Supports Intensity Scale—Adult Version (SIS-A)
Authors: Hagiwara Mayumi , Rifenbark Graham G. , Shogren Karrie A. , Thompson James R.
Published: August 2021

This secondary analysis examined the impact of respondent-level factors on scores on the Supports Intensity Scale–Adult Version (SIS-A) to determine if there were patterns of differences in SIS-A scores based on the number of respondents and the pairings of respondents that were included in SIS-A interviews. Results indicated that having fewer respondents led to a greater variability in SIS-A scores whereas having more respondents led to higher mean, overall support need scores. When respondents included an adult with intellectual disability (ID) the mean score was significantly lower. However, there were complex influences of pairing an adult with ID with either a professional or family member on SIS-A scores. Implications for administering and using the SIS-A are discussed.
Direct Measures of Medication Effects: Exploring the Scientific Utility of Behavior-Analytic Assessments
Authors: Lloyd Blair P. , Weaver Emily S. , Torelli Jessica N. , Pollack Marney S. , Fareed Sunya A. , Maxwell-Horn Angela C.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the current study was to explore the scientific utility of two behavior analytic assessments (i.e., progressive ratio and demand assessments) for psychotropic medication evaluation. For a sample of 23 children with disabilities who were prescribed medication, we conducted a series of generalizability and optimization studies to identify sources of score variance and conditions in which stable estimates of behavior can be obtained. To inform construct validity, we calculated correlations between scores from each assessment and those from a standardized behavior rating scale (Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Second Edition; ABC-2). Results offer initial support for the scientific utility of progressive ratio scores. More research is needed to evaluate sensitivity to change and construct validity of scores from these and other behavior analytic assessments.
Behavioral Inflexibility Across Two Neurogenetic Conditions: Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Harrop Clare , Dallman Aaron R. , Lecavalier Luc , Bodfish James W. , Boyd Brian A.
Published: August 2021

Behavioral inflexibility (BI) has been highlighted to occur across genetic and neurodevelopmental disorders. This study characterized BI in two common neurogenetic conditions: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Down syndrome (DS). Caregivers of children with FXS (N = 56; with ASD = 28; FXS only = 28) and DS (N = 146) completed the Behavioral Inflexibility Scale (BIS) via an online survey. Total BIS scores were higher in FXS+ASD than both FXS only and DS (p <.001). Most endorsed items were similar across the three groups, but scores were higher in the FXS+ASD group. In all groups, BI associated with other clinical variables (receptive behaviors, anxiety, social communication). The current data suggest that BI is variable across neurogenetic conditions and higher in individuals with comorbid ASD.
Cancer cell detector based on a slab waveguide of anisotropic, lossy, and dispersive left-handed material
Authors: Taya Sofyan A. , Colak Ilhami , Suthar Bhuvneshwer , Ramahi Omar M.
Published: August 2021

Cancer is a disease that takes place when human cells grow uncontrollably. When detected and cured early, it can be non-life-threatening. It becomes life-threatening in case of late discovery where it affects the ability of an organ to function. In this work, a symmetric slab waveguide sensor is analyzed for the detection of cancer cells. The covering layers are assumed anisotropic lossy dispersive left-handed materials. Different from other sensors in which the analyte is located in the cladding region where the evanescent field exists, the cancerous cell is placed in the guiding film region that supports the oscillating field. Hence, the proposed sensor avoids the acute weakness of conventional optical waveguide sensors. Due to the high localization of the electromagnetic wave in the analyte region, the proposed sensor shows unusual sensitivity enhancement. The results revealed that the sensitivities obtained are 110%, 325%, and 450% for the first, second, and third modes, respectively. The enhancement of the sensitivity of the third mode relative to the conventional waveguide sensors is nearly a factor of 18.
Reconstruction of visible light optical coherence tomography images retrieved from discontinuous spectral data using a conditional generative adversarial network
Authors: Lichtenegger Antonia , Salas Matthias , Sing Alexander , Duelk Marcus , Licandro Roxane , Gesperger Johanna , Baumann Bernhard , Drexler Wolfgang , Leitgeb Rainer A.
Published: August 2021

Achieving high resolution in optical coherence tomography typically requires the continuous extension of the spectral bandwidth of the light source. This work demonstrates an alternative approach: combining two discrete spectral windows located in the visible spectrum with a trained conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) to reconstruct a high-resolution image equivalent to that generated using a continuous spectral band. The cGAN was trained using OCT image pairs acquired with the continuous and discontinuous visible range spectra to learn the relation between low- and high-resolution data. The reconstruction performance was tested using 6000 B-scans of a layered phantom, micro-beads and ex-vivo mouse ear tissue. The resultant cGAN-generated images demonstrate an image quality and axial resolution which approaches that of the high-resolution system.
Highly efficient achromatic subdiffraction focusing lens in the near field with large numerical aperture
Authors: Chen Jin , Chu Hongchen , Lai Yun , Chen Huanyang , Song Weili , Chen Mingji , Fang Daining
Published: August 2021

The achromatic subdiffraction lens with large numerical aperture (NA) is of significant importance in optical imaging, photolithography, spectroscopy, and nanophotonics. However, most of the previous research on subdiffraction lenses has been restricted by limited bandwidth and efficiency as well as severe chromatic aberrations. In this paper, a semicircular gradient index lens (sGRIN) with a modified refractive index profile originated from a Maxwell fish-eye lens is put forward to achieve highly efficient (above 81%) achromatic (4–20 GHz) subdiffraction focusing at the focusing line (around

0.28
λ

) with large NA of 1.3 and broadband diffraction-limited far-field radiation (4–16 GHz) theoretically, which overcomes the drawbacks of previous works. The presented lens is designed by gradient dielectric metamaterials. Evanescent waves ignited at the lens/air interface and transformation of electromagnetic (EM) waves with high spatial frequency in sGRIN to EM waves with low spatial frequency in air are responsible for subdiffraction focusing and diffraction-limited far-field radiation, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate the excellent performance of achromatic subdiffraction focusing and diffraction-limited far-field radiation. The presented lens has great potential to be applied in subdiffraction imaging systems.
Ultra-compact, high-numerical-aperture achromatic multilevel diffractive lens via metaheuristic approach
Authors: Yildırım Bumın K. , Kurt Hamza , Turduev Mirbek
Published: August 2021

Recently, multilevel diffractive lenses (MDLs) have attracted considerable attention, mainly due to their superior wave-focusing performance; however, efforts to reduce chromatic aberration are still ongoing. Here, we present a numerical design and experimentally demonstrate a high-numerical aperture (

∼
0.99

), diffraction-limited achromatic multilevel diffractive lens (AMDL), operating in the microwave range of 10–14 GHz. A multi-objective differential evolution (MO-DE) algorithm was incorporated with the three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain method to optimize the heights and widths of each concentric ring (zone) of the AMDL structure. To the best of our knowledge for the first time, in this study, the desired focal distance was also treated as an optimization parameter in addition to the structural parameters of the zones. Thus, MO-DE diminishes the necessity of predetermined focal distance and center wavelength by also providing an alternative method for phase profile tailoring. The proposed AMDL can be considered an ultra-compact and flat lens since it has the radius of

3.7

λ

c

and a thickness of

∼

λ

c

, where

λ

c

is the center wavelength of 24.98 mm (i.e., 12 GHz). The numerically calculated full width at half maximum values are

<
0.554
λ

and focusing efficiency values are varying between 28% and 45.5%. To experimentally demonstrate the functionality of the optimized lens, the AMDL composed of polylactic acid material polymer is fabricated via 3D-printing technology. The numerical and experimental results are compared, discussed in detail, and observed to be in good agreement. Moreover, the verified AMDL in the microwave regime is scaled down to the visible wavelengths to observe achromatic and diffraction-limited focusing behavior between 380 and 620 nm wavelengths.
Structured vortices generated by metasurface holography
Authors: Mou Zhen , Zhou Changda , Lu Peiyao , Yue Qingyang , Wang Shuyun , Teng Shuyun
Published: August 2021

Highly customized and miniaturized structured light is expected in many application fields. A kind of structured vortex generators is proposed based on a metasurface consisting of rectangular nanoholes etched in a silver film, and the generated vortices with the same or different topological charges are distributed along the radial direction. The geometric metasurface is completed with the help of optical holography technology, and the structured vortex generator possesses high working efficiency and large information capacity. The proposed vortex generators work under circularly polarized light illumination, and the reproduced vortices of multiplexing vortex generator depend on the handedness of the circularly polarized light. This work paves a way to generate new structured light fields. The radially distributed vortices may be utilized to simultaneously screen or separate microparticles. The compact design of the structured vortex generator and the convenient switch of different structured vortices will be a benefit to expand the applications of structured vortex fields.
Highly stable full-color display device with VLC application potential using semipolar μLEDs and all-inorganic encapsulated perovskite nanocrystal
Authors: Wu Tingzhu , Lin Yue , Huang Yu-Ming , Liu Meng , Singh Konthoujam James , Lin Wansheng , Lu Tingwei , Zheng Xi , Zhou Jianyang , Kuo Hao-Chung , Chen Zhong
Published: August 2021

A promising approach for the development of effective full-color displays is to combine blue microLEDs (μLEDs) with color conversion layers. Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are notable for their tolerance to defects and provide excellent photoluminescence quantum yields and high color purity compared to metal chalcogenide quantum dots. The stability of PNCs in ambient conditions and under exposure to blue light can be improved using a

SiO

2

coating. This study proposes a device that could be used for both display and visible light communication (VLC) applications. The semipolar blue μLED array fabricated in this study shows a negligible wavelength shift, indicating a significant reduction in the quantum confined Stark effect. Owing to its shorter carrier lifetime, the semipolar μLED array exhibits an impressive peak 3 dB bandwidth of 655 MHz and a data transmission rate of 1.2 Gb/s corresponding to an injection current of 200 mA. The PNC–μLED device assembled from a semipolar μLED array with PNCs demonstrates high color stability and wide color-gamut features, achieving 127.23% and 95.00% of the National Television Standards Committee standard and Rec. 2020 on the CIE 1931 color diagram, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed PNC–μLED device is suitable for both display-related and VLC applications.
Dynamically reconfigurable subwavelength optical device for hydrogen sulfide gas sensing
Authors: Wen Zhengji , Lu Jialiang , Yu Weiwei , Wu Hao , Xie Hao , Pan Xiaohang , Xu Qianqian , Zhou Ziji , Tan Chong , Zhou Dongjie , Liu Chang , Sun Yan , Dai Ning , Hao Jiaming
Published: August 2021

The importance of tunable subwavelength optical devices in modern electromagnetic and photonic systems is indisputable. Herein, a lithography-free, wide-angle, and reconfigurable subwavelength optical device with high tunability operating in the near-infrared regions is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, based on a reversible nanochemistry approach. The reconfigurable subwavelength optical device basically comprises an ultrathin copper oxide (CuO) thin film on an optical thick gold substrate by utilizing the reversible chemical conversion of CuO to sulfides upon exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas. Proof-of-concept experimental results show that the maximal modulation depth of reflectance can be as high as 90% at the wavelength of 1.79 μm with the initial thickness of CuO taken as 150 nm. Partially reflected wave calculations combined with the transfer matrix method are employed to analytically investigate the optical properties of the structure, which show good agreement with experimental results. We believe that the proposed versatile approaches can be implemented for dynamic control management, allowing applications in tunable photonics, active displays, optical encryption, and gas sensing.
Incidence of and predisposing factors for pseudoaneurysm formation in a high-volume cardiovascular center
Authors: Sarkadi Hunor , Csőre Judit , Veres Dániel Sándor , Szegedi Nándor , Molnár Levente , Gellér László , Bérczi Viktor , Dósa Edit
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To evaluate factors associated with pseudoaneurysm (PSA) development.

Methods

Between January 2016 and May 2020, 30,196 patients had invasive vascular radiological or cardiac endovascular procedures that required arterial puncture. All patients with PSA were identified. A matched (age, gender, and type of the procedure) control group of 134 patients was created to reveal predictors of PSA formation.

Results

Single PSAs were found in 134 patients. Fifty-three PSAs developed after radiological procedures (53/6555 [0.8%]), 31 after coronary artery procedures (31/18038 [0.2%]), 25 after non-coronary artery cardiac procedures (25/5603 [0.4%]), and 25 due to procedures in which the arterial puncture was unintended. Thirty-four PSAs (25.4%) were localized to the upper extremity arteries (vascular closure device [VCD], N = 0), while 100 (74.6%) arose from the lower extremity arteries (VCD, N = 37). The PSA prevalence was 0.05% (10/20478) in the radial artery, 0.1% (2/1818) in the ulnar artery, 1.2% (22/1897) in the brachial artery, and 0.4% (99/22202) in the femoral artery. Treatments for upper and lower limb PSAs were as follows: bandage replacement (32.4% and 14%, respectively), ultrasound-guided compression (11.8% and 1%, respectively), ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (38.2% and 78%, respectively), and open surgery (17.6% and 12%, respectively). Reintervention was necessary in 19 patients (14.2%). The prevalence of PSA for the punctured artery with and without VCD use was 37/3555 (1%) and 97/27204 (0.4%), respectively (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.95–4.34; P<0.001). The effect of red blood cell (RBC) count (P<0.001), hematocrit value (P<0.001), hemoglobin value (P<0.001), international normalized ratio (INR; P<0.001), RBC count—INR interaction (P = 0.003), and RBC count—VCD use interaction (P = 0.036) on PSA formation was significant.

Conclusion

Patients in whom the puncture site is closed with a VCD require increased observation. Preprocedural laboratory findings are useful for the identification of patients at high risk of PSA formation.