bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of critical prone areas by using USLE: Case study -Amaravati - Andhra Pradesh - Krishna River Delta
Authors: Sundara Kumar P.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The conservation of land and water, which are crucial natural resources, is essential for maintaining environmental and ecological health. This research aims to assist policymakers in resource conservation by identifying key prone areas to erosion of soil in Andhra Pradesh's Amaravati region, India through the application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Soil erosion in this region significantly impacts agricultural productivity, reservoir capacity, and water quality. This study's main goal is to evaluate and locate areas highly susceptible to soil erosion to facilitate targeted conservation efforts. Using ArcGIS software, geomorphological parameters of the watershed were analyzed, and the USLE model was implemented over the 193.41 km² Amaravati basin, divided into 185 micro-watersheds for detailed assessment. Remote sensing provided critical spatial and temporal data for annual soil loss evaluation. GIS technology helped produce maps from Digital Elevation Models (DEM), soil maps, and satellite imagery. The basin was categorized into six soil loss classes from 0 to 80 tons per hectare annually. The results indicate that 13.93% of the area experiences high erosion (>15-20 tons/hectare/year), 18.70% faces moderate erosion (5-15 tons/hectare/year), and 67.30% has low to no erosion (0-5 tons/hectare/year). The regions with severe erosion are mostly hilly, highlighting the urgent need for soil conservation measures.
Cyclic performance of partially grouted reinforced masonry shear walls with boundary elements
Authors: AL-AHDAL Abdulelah
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Partially Grouted Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls (PG-RMSWs) have been used as structural elements to carry both gravity and lateral loads. However, national codes (ex. CSA) limited their use for only low-rise buildings (with a maximum aspect ratio of two) and in low-seismic regions. This study examines the in-plane behaviour of Partially Grouted Reinforced Masonry (PG-RM) shear walls, focusing on a half-scale slender wall representing 6-storey buildings. Subjected to constant axial load and quasi-static reversed cyclic loading, the wall was tested until failure, with reversed cyclic moments applied at the top due to height limitations in the lab. Key factors analysed include the effect of boundary elements on enhancing the performance of PG-RMSWs. The results show a ductile, flexure-dominated response, with displaying stable, energy-dissipating hysteretic behaviour.
Seismic assessment of masonry infilled frame structures
Authors: AL-MEKHLAFI Galal
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Some existing residential buildings have not been designed to withstand potential earthquakes, making it crucial to evaluate the impact of infill walls on their seismic performance. This study focuses on the seismic evaluation of unreinforced masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames using a micro-modeling approach with ABAQUS software. Two types of infill walls were examined: one consisting of a stone masonry layer and concrete blocks, and another composed solely of concrete blocks. The study generated nonlinear force-displacement curves to illustrate the impact of infill walls on structural stiffness. Results showed that both types of infill significantly enhance lateral stiffness and reduce drift demands, demonstrating their critical role in the seismic performance of infilled frames.
Machine learning approach for predicting the compressive and flexural strengths of fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures
Authors: NASSAR Roz-Ud-Din
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This study employed the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) Machine Learning (ML) model to predict the compressive and flexural strengths of concrete mixtures reinforced with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers volume fractions at 28 days of concrete age. A significant increase in the compressive and flexural strengths of the resulting concrete mixtures was recorded as a result of the incorporation of PVA fibers, particularly at the higher fiber volume fraction level when compared with that of control mixture produced without the addition of PVA fibers. The ML model-predicted strengths data was found to be in close conformity with the experimentally tested one, pointing at the high accuracy of XGBoost model. Statistical analysis of the output variable data yielded lower error and higher R2 values (0.931 for compressive and 0.922 for flexural strengths) which confirm the suitability of the XGBoost model to predict the two types of strength characteristics of the PVC fiber reinforced concrete mixtures with high accuracy. The use of ML-model to predict the strength characteristics of PVA fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures is viewed to be a time-efficient method having high level of accuracy.
Mechanical characterization of lightweight expanded clay particles
Authors: Haithem Ben Jamaa
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The objective of the research is to study the mechanical behavior of crushable particles containing an internal porosity. To ease the visualization of grains’ crushing, expanded clay aggregates (LECA) was selected as a model material due to the brittle behavior of its particles and its high internal porosity. Identification of LECA’s physical properties through single grain uniaxial compression tests made it possible to understand the parameters affecting the fragmentation phenomenon. The effect of particle’s dimension was studied by a statistical modeling of the uniaxial compression test results. Results showed a high dependency on both grain ‘s dimension and its internal porosity.
Development of a SPT&DCPT correlation for coarse-grained soils: A case study
Authors: YILDIZ Tahir
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is a well-known in-situ test to identify the strength characteristics of investigated deposits for various type of soils. There are plenty of correlations to define the relationship between SPT blow counts and soil behavior per physical and mechanical properties defined by many researchers. The main aim to develop these correlations is to identify proper design parameters of layers for geotechnical design. Dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) is also a well-known and practical method to identify the mechanical properties of soil layers such as subgrade characteristics and earthwork performance. Regarding to the advantage of DCPT by providing continuous data compared to SPT, developing correlations between SPT&DCPT may provide relatively more extensive dataset to perform data acquisition for geotechnical design. This study aims to define a site-specific SPT- DCPT relationship based on the comprehensive site investigation study for a renewable energy project held on Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for various sites. The development of a relative density-based relationship between SPT & DCPT measurements are evaluated. The equivalent testing locations for both type of method is identified. The proposed relationship for all project site is checked individually. The compiled results are presented to identify the generalized relationship between SPT&DCPT results. The addressed relationship between SPT&DCPT are compared with the existing study results performed on similar type of lithology to verify the consistency.
Performance of sustainable mortars containing marble waste as alternative for natural sand
Authors: QASIM Ola Adel
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The construction industry has been responsible for plaguing the environment due to the ecological imbalance caused by the extraction and production of building materials. To make this production of construction materials cleaner, the dependency on natural resources has to be reduced. Moreover, one of the natural resources such as sand is used more than any other natural resources in construction applications. However, the extraction of sand increased over time. However, the availability of sand in the growing demand of the construction industry will be a challenge due to a wide range of variability, cost, and quality problems. On the other hand, marble production plants that are widely used cause marble waste which is large in quantity. There are many environmental problems due to the disposal of marble waste areas that are close to the factories during the production process. This study aims to investigate the use of marble powder as an alternative to natural aggregate (sand) in concrete mixtures. Experimental investigations were conducted to study the influence of marble powder with various replacement ratios (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%) on the hardened mixture properties with (splitting and flexural tensile strength and compressive strength) at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing in the concrete mixture. The result shows that all these properties improved for the substitution of marble waste as fine aggregate in concrete production. The findings found that the maximum increasing percentages in strength in compression and tension (flexural and splitting) at 28 days are (5.4, 7.3, and 5.7%). Results indicated that using up to 20% of marble waste in concrete production as sand replacement resulted in improved strength properties. It was concluded that the proper use of waste marble powder as a partial replacement of sand would have environmental benefits, and simultaneously, increase the feasibility of marble stone industries.
Enhancing the performance of masonry structures using fiber-reinforced polymer technologies under in-plane Loading: A comprehensive review
Authors: HERNOUNE Houria
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Unreinforced Masonry (URM) buildings are highly vulnerable to seismic forces. To improve their strength and ductility, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials are increasingly used for retrofitting and rehabilitation. This study presents a comprehensive review of FRP strengthening techniques, including Near-Surface Mounted (NSM-FRP) and Externally Bonded (EB-FRP) methods. The effectiveness of these techniques in enhancing the in-plane and out-of-plane behavior of masonry walls is examined through experimental investigations and numerical modeling. The review also explores the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of FRP strengthening, contributing to a better understanding of masonry behavior and the potential of FRP composites in improving masonry structure performance. While the literature suggests a promising future for FRP applications, further research is crucial to develop comprehensive design guidelines for retrofitting and rehabilitation.
Soil stabilization by using brick waste powder
Authors: RAKH Avinash A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Structures built on black cotton soil face significant deformation risks due to the soil's high shrink-swell potential. Predominantly found in India, black cotton soil poses serious challenges to construction because of its inherent instability. With rapid urbanization, enhancing the load-bearing capacity of such soils is critical to ensuring the durability of infrastructure, particularly in pavements. The Indian construction industry produces approximately 150 million tons of waste annually, creating significant disposal issues. Among this waste is brick powder, a by-product of construction debris that holds promise for stabilizing black cotton soil. This study investigates the optimal proportion of brick powder to blend with black cotton soil to improve its suitability for pavement subgrades. Various tests were conducted on soil samples mixed with 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% brick powder, including Sieve Analysis, Atterberg Limits, Specific Gravity, Free Swell Index, Modified Proctor, Unconfined Compressive Strength, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. The findings reveal that a 10% brick powder mixture significantly enhances the strength of black cotton soil, leading to reduced construction costs compared to lower proportions. Based on the CBR test results, a 10% brick powder mix is recommended as an economical and effective solution for stabilizing black cotton soil, particularly in pavement construction.
Air pollution from vehicles in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: Challenges and sustainable solutions
Authors: Chowdhury S.R.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Makkah, a religious city in Saudi Arabia, confronts significant air pollution issues due to the influx of millions of visitors, especially during the Hajj and Ramadan seasons. The study reviewed a few published reports and journals and obtained data from various sources: hourly traffic flow on six major roads during the Hajj season, PM10 and PM2.5 levels from two air quality stations, meteorological parameters (such as, air moisture, wind, its direction, temperature) and an emission inventory for industries. Using this data, the dispersion and impact of PM from automobile emissions were assessed in the study area. The results showed that PM10 and PM2.5 exceed the air quality limit often, and vehicular emissions were a major source of air pollution in the city, both light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, which is compounded by the large number of tourists during the Hajj and Ramadan seasons. Pollutants causing respiratory and cardiovascular problems consist of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) etc. They also pose a threat to public health. Although the study cannot identify certain trends over time, it does show that Makkah has persistent and complex air pollution issues, emphasizing the necessity for efficient remedies and regulations to address the issues of the environment and public health. To mitigate the impact of automobile-related air pollution on the environment and human health in Makkah, some sustainable solutions include the development of public transportation, vehicle emission standards, electrical vehicles, cleaner fuels, and so on.
Anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and perennial ryegrass: Methane yield and kinetic study
Authors: ALKHRISSAT Tariq
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Anaerobic digestion is a sustainable method for producing methane, particularly when some of the traditional material is substituted with lignocellulosic biomass. Plant biomass breakdown is hindered by the presence of lignin, resulting in reduced efficiency. Perennial ryegrass was used in our study to handle chicken manure, which was utilised as a substrate in anaerobic co-digestion. Various process parameters were evaluated, including the mass ratios of chicken manure to perennial ryegrass: M1 (100% RG), M2 (100% CM), M3 (25% CM: 75% RG), M4 (50% CM: 50% RG), and M5 (75% CM: 25% RG), as well as a process temperature of 35°C and duration of 30 days. The optimal mixing ratio of CM to RG was determined to be 50% CM and 50% RG (M4), which yielded the highest cumulative methane production of 73.566 LCH₄/ KgVS. The modified Logistic model is very appropriate for this investigation compared to the modified Gompertz model, as indicated by the elevated R2 values (0.994-0.999).
Bed roughness effects on residence time distribution (RTD) parameters of vortex-type stormwater retention ponds
Authors: YAMINI S. Mahdi
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Stormwater retention ponds are used for the flood control and water quality improvement. The innovative use of vortex technology improves the hydraulic performance of these ponds which increases residence time in the pond. This enhances water quality since stormwater is allowed to spend more time inside the pond resulting in removing sediments and reducing pollutant. Using natural materials such as pebbles and cobbles for constructing vortex-type retention ponds contributes to an environmentally-friendly and visually attractive design while at the same time their bed surface becomes rougher. This investigation deals with the effect of bed roughness on hydraulic performance of vortex-type ponds via numerical tracer studies using FLOW-3D. Results reveals that bed roughness improves the pond’s hydraulic performance since residence time distribution (RTD) parameters are positively enhanced. Moreover, useful predictive equations showing the relationship between RTD parameters and bed roughness are introduced which provide valuable insights for designers.
Sustainable solid municipal waste management in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Mir M. Amin
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The management of municipal solid waste in Saudi Arabia is becoming a major issue as the country’s set up for the management is not enough. In reference to management of waste the present study reviewed the cutting-edge technologies for resource recovery, mentions the advantageous outcomings in reference to economy and the environment. The techniques like, Anaerobic digestion turns materials of organic nature into biogas like, methane, ethane etc., that are the source of renewable energy, and make up about 40% of municipal waste. The generation of well-thought-out landfill systems inserted with integrated gas collection system and the conversion to methane to other forms with advanced technology is essential. Also, the second-highest portion of municipal waste is plastic, that can be converted to useful product by means of pyrolysis technology. The study categorically shows that how important the waste management technology is and what are the strategic ways to manage waste in large cities. The study shows how Saudi Arabia can solve the issue related to environment, promotes economic growth and sustainability, and better ways for trash management by making use of cutting-edge technologies, to improve current scenario.
Effect of chloride concentration on carbon steel corrosion of boilers supplied with feed water in refineries
Authors: ALFARHAN Abeer
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Corrosion has a significant economic and environmental impact in most of the oil sector facilities. One of the most widely used materials in these facilities is carbon steel. The corrosion of carbon steel caused by dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) has been recognized to pose a serious threat to the oil and gas industry. Numerous factors affect CO2 corrosion including temperature and water composition. Effects of temperature and Cl- concentration on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in CO2-saturated environments were investigated for boiler used in refineries supplied with feed water of certain composition with different Cl- concentration. Corrosion rate was measured using electrochemical linear polarization method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chloride concentration on the final corrosion rate of refinery boiler made of carbon steel supplied with feed water at two different temperature. The study found that the corrosion rate decreased with the increase of Cl- concentration and that decrease was more significant at 30°C. At 30°C, initial corrosion rate was 1.18mm/yr., and was reduced to 0.041mm/yr. at Cl- concentration of 1000mg/l while at 45°C, initial corrosion rate was 0.885mm/yr., and was reduced to only 0.478 at Cl concentration of 1000mg/l. These results could be explained by the reduced penetration of CO2 gas caused by the higher Cl- concentration.
Rainfall-discharge modeling in Juana Watershed
Authors: Komara K.D.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Juana Watershed has various problems, one of which is flooding during the rainy season and drought during the dry season. One of the causes of flooding is changes in land use, which results in an increase in the amount of Juana River runoff. Efforts that can be made to overcome this are by modeling rainfall discharge to approach hydrological values in the field. The purpose of this study was to examine the magnitude of the simulated discharge that occurred in the Juana Watershed. The data used were rainfall, land use maps, soil type maps, and topographic maps. The results of this modeling are a trend of changes in the curve number value (land capacity to absorb water), namely an increase in the CN value in 5 sub-watersheds, a decrease in the CN value in 2 sub-watersheds, and an equivalent CN value (stagnant) in 1 sub-watershed. The largest increase in CN value was in Juana Sub-watershed 2 of 0.93, while the largest decrease was in Gembong Sub-watershed of 0.35.
Municipal solid waste generation, composition and public awareness in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: HASSAN Raouf
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Solid waste threatens the ecosystem and human health, it may be a great economic wealth that could generate millions if it was properly exploited and recycled again. The per capita production rate of solid waste in Saudi Arabia is one of the highest rates in the world. According to Saudi Vision 2030, a plan has been developed to build waste recycling companies in all the cities of Saudi Arabia. The total amount of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) in Riyadh is estimated at 10,000 tons per day. The average amount of solid waste per capita per day is estimated at 1.80 kg. The study has two parts, the first one presents the current situation of MSW management in Riyadh by considering several factors; generation rates, composition, treatment methods, recycling ways, etc. In the second part, the opinion of residents of the city of Riyadh was surveyed regarding the quantity of municipal solid waste, its types, the collection process, and the extent of their satisfaction. The results show that the districts in the south of Riyadh have the highest generation of MSW.
Efficacy of built environment on perceived competence, autonomy, regulation, and physical activity engagement: A quantitative sustainability perspective
Authors: Ahmed Md. Dilsad
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The built environment is crucial for promoting sustainable physical activity (PA) by providing safe, accessible, and appealing spaces that encourage exercise for all students, regardless of background or ability. This study aimed to investigate whether the built environment (BE) influences students' satisfaction with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (measured through perceived competence (PC), perceived autonomy (P-Au), and perceived regulation (PR). It also sought to measure specific variations explaining these influences and determine if this process differs between sexes. The study includes 600 university students (456 males: age20.74 ± 3.07, 144 females: age20.77 ± 3.47) who were categorized by gender and type of sport (157 in individual sports, 296 in team sports, and 147 for other kinds of sports). Various statistical analyses were used to analyze the data, including correlations, regression, and MANOVA. Additionally, to explore the relationships between variables and assess the model fit comprehensively, rigorous Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed. The built environment is positively correlated with PC (r = .351), PA (r = .478), and PR (r = .390) significantly influence perceptions of the built environment. Regression analysis explains 27.9% of the variance in BE (R² = .279, p < .001) by the predictors, including PA (β = .350), PR (β = .206), and PC (β = .089). MVPA did not significantly predict BE (β = -.033, p = .343). MANOVA reveals significant main effects for gender, sports type, and their interaction on several variables, with notable effects for sports type on BE, PC, PA, and PR. The interaction between gender and sports type significantly affects MVPA. These results underscore the importance of perceptions of autonomy and relatedness in influencing BE and highlight significant differences in psychological and behavioral variables based on gender and type of sport. The total sample indicates a strong to excellent model with chi-square = 1.275 with a CMIN/DF ratio of 1.275, TLI = .997, CFI = 1.000, and RMSEA = .018. Furthermore, both male and female subgroups also show an excellent fit. A supportive built environment enhances students' perceived competence, autonomy, and relatedness, promoting sustainable physical activity. Tailored strategies are needed to address the diverse needs of student populations, ensuring inclusive and effective promotion of physical activity for all.
Droomgezichten : Tekeningen van Johan Huizinga
Authors: Van der Lem Anton
Published: February 2025

Droomgezichten. Tekeningen van Johan Huizinga is de eerste zelfstandige publicatie gewijd aan de tekeningen van deze grote Nederlandse cultuurhistoricus. Johan Huizinga (1872-1945) was een natuurtalent wiens hand tekende wat zijn ogen zagen. Dat konden gevoelige landschapstekeningen zijn, karikaturen van mensen om hem heen of van bekende personen, al dan niet ironische illustraties bij de geschiedenis, of amusante tekeningen voor zijn kinderen en kleinkinderen. Zijn voorstellingen als sneltekenaar wekten hilariteit bij zijn leerlingen, bij deelnemers aan wetenschappelijke congressen en ook bij de leden van de koninklijke familie op paleis Het Loo. Droomgezichten toont alle aspecten van Huizinga’s tekenwerk, van zijn bekendste serie tekeningen, de Keur van gedenkwaardige tafereelen uit de vaderlandsche historiën, tot enkele spectaculaire primeurs, zoals de door de samensteller herontdekte promotieplaten die Huizinga voor medestudenten maakte. Andere geestige tekeningen uit Huizinga’s studententijd waren al wel bekend, maar weinig gereproduceerd; deze komen pas op dit grote formaat en in kleur het best tot hun recht. Huizinga’s idyllische vignetten van het Groningse landschap rond 1900 zijn hier voor het eerst gereproduceerd met de voorbeelden die hij daarbij had nagevolgd. Tekeningen uit familiebezit die zelden te zien zijn, maken het geheel compleet. Toch is Droomgezichten geen afsluiting maar juist een stimulans om tot nu toe onder de radar gebleven tekeningen van Huizinga in particulier of openbaar bezit aan het licht te brengen.
Deep learning for classifying cancer types using multi-omics data (Preprint)
Authors: Ameen Amani , Alganmi Nofe , Bajnaid Nada
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Cancer is one of the leading causes of disease burden globally, and early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. This study presents a deep learning-based model designed to classify five common types of cancer in Saudi Arabia: Breast, Colorectal, Thyroid, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), and Corpus Uteri.

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether incorporating multi-omics data, including RNAseq, mutation, and methylation data, could enhance classification accuracy.

METHODS

Utilizing a stacking ensemble learning approach, our model integrates five well-established methods: Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Random Forest (RF). The methodology involves two main stages: data pre-processing (including normalization and feature extraction) and ensemble stacking classification. We prepared the data before applying the stacking model.

RESULTS

The stacking ensemble model achieved 98% accuracy with multi-omics versus 96% using RNA-seq, suggesting that multi-omics data can be used for diagnosis in primary care settings. The models used in ensemble learning are among the most widely utilized in cancer classification research. Their prevalent use in prior studies underscores their effectiveness and flexibility, enhancing the performance of multi-omics data integration.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the importance of advanced machine learning techniques in improving cancer detection and prognosis accuracy. It contributes valuable insights by applying ensemble learning to integrate multi-omics data for more effective cancer classification.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not Applicable
Maternal metabolic health And Mother and Baby health Outcomes (MAMBO): Protocol of a prospective observational study (Preprint)
Authors: Price Sarah A. L. , Koye Digsu , Lewin Alice , Nankervis Alison , Kane Stefan
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Metabolic disease is increasingly impacting women of reproductive age. In pregnancy, uncontrolled metabolic disease can result in offspring with major congenital anomalies, preterm birth, and abnormal fetal growth. Pregnancy also accelerates the complications of metabolic diseases in mothers resulting in an increased risk of premature cardiovascular events.

OBJECTIVE

Despite the convincing evidence that pre-conception care can largely mitigate the risks of metabolic disease in pregnancy, there are few data about how to identify the highest risk women to enable them to be connected with appropriate pre-conception care services.The aim of the study is to determine the maternal phenotype that represents the highest risk of having adverse neonatal and maternal pregnancy outcomes.

METHODS

This will be a prospective cohort study of 500 women recruited in early pregnancy. The aim of the study is to determine the maternal phenotype that represents the highest risk of having adverse neonatal and maternal pregnancy outcomes. The primary outcome is a composite of offspring born small or large for gestational age (customized birthweight ≤10th and ≥90th centile for gestational age). Secondary outcomes are (1) composite of adverse neonatal birth outcomes (SGA, LGA, major congenital abnormalities, preterm birth (<37 weeks’ gestation)) and (2) composite of new maternal metabolic outcomes (gestational diabetes, diabetes in pregnancy, Type 2 Diabetes or pre-diabetes; gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia or new essential hypertension after pregnancy; and gestational weight gain ≥20kg or new overweight/obesity at the 12–18-months post-partum visit).

RESULTS

A multivariable logistic regression analysis will be conducted to identify candidate predicators of poor pregnancy outcomes due to metabolic disease. From this model, model coefficients and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) will be extracted to derive the risk score for predicting the delivery of LGA/SGA offspring (primary outcome) and composites of adverse neonatal outcomes and maternal outcomes (secondary outcomes).

CONCLUSIONS

The study has been approved by the institutional Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/90080/MH-2022). Findings will be disseminated through peer reviewed publications and conference presentations, and national and international networks involved in maternity care in high-risk populations.

CLINICALTRIAL

This study has been prospective registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12623000037606).
Outlook on the EM Foster’s Psychology Concerning English and Indian Character
Authors: Niazi Laraib Fatima
Published: February 2025

This article critically examines EM Forster’s psychological perspective as reflected in his essays Notes on the English Character and The Mind of the Indian State. By exploring his admitted reliance on psychology—despite limited knowledge in politics, economics, and science—the study argues that Forster’s depiction of the English and Indian characters is significantly influenced by self-fulfilling prophecy and attribution bias. The analysis demonstrates that while Forster extols the virtues of the English national character, his portrayals of the Indian character are laden with negative stereotypes. In doing so, Forster not only reinforces his ingroup favouritism but also overlooks the complex interplay of environmental and individual factors in shaping cultural identity. Contemporary studies on intercultural interactions and cultural psychology are drawn upon to contextualize his bias. The findings challenge the impartiality of Forster’s assessments and invite a reappraisal of his work from a more balanced psychological standpoint.
Use of Eucalyptus urophylla waste as raw material in composite particleboards
Authors: Viana de Souza Matheus , Henrique da Silva Cazella Pedro , Andraus Bispo Rodrigo , Perosso Herradon Marjorie , Santos Junior Antonio José , Xavier de França Neta Alves Maria de Lourdes , Chotolli Denise Luisa , Moura Aouada Márcia Regina de , Luis Christoforo André , Mello da Silva Sérgio Augusto
Published: February 2025

Eucalyptus urophylla (ampupu) is one of the most commonly cultivated species in Brazil for industrial scale particleboard production. This study investigates the reuse of Eucalyptus urophylla sawmill waste as a raw material for particleboard manufacturing, addressing the growing need for sustainable material solutions. Without prior particle homogenization, two manufacturing approaches were tested: single-layer and three-layer boards. Using a castor-oil-based polyurethane resin (10 % for single-layer and 12 % for three-layer boards), the panels were pressed at 5 MPa for 10 minutes at 100 °C. Performance evaluation under standards revealed that multilayer panels demonstrated superior mechanical and physical properties, while single-layer boards did not meet classification standards, highlighting the benefits of optimizing wood waste in multilayer compositions.
THE EFFICIENCY OF THE IMPROVED ANTI-SWARMING METHOD OF FAR-EASTERN BEE BREEDING IN THE CLIMATES OF THE PRIMORSKY REGION
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika, Sharov Maksim A.
Published: February 2025

The article presents the use of a new effective anti-swarming method for breeding and keeping fareastern bees in the Primorsky Region. Swarming is natural bee reproduction, which negatively affects the
honey and wax productivity of the apiary. As a result of swarming, beekeepers lose 30-80% of produce, and
in some cases apiaries become unprofitable. Honeybee adapted to the conditions of the south of the Far Eastern
region is characterized by increased swarming. The proposed method must be used immediately before the
main honey collection from the linden tree. To achieve this, the queen bee together with young bees without
brood are to be isolated from their honey-bee colony and put into a three-frame queen cell and kept in it for 7
days. In the end of the said period, the isolated bees should be reunited with the main honey-bee colony after
the queen cells are destroyed. As a result of such a simple manipulation, a swarming state is prevented in the
hive (bees are prevented from swarming in the hive), which not only makes it possible to mobilize working
bees for the active nectar collection, but also contributes to an increase in wax productivity. The introduction
of this method provides the increase in the yield of commercial honey by 36.0%, wax - by 42.8%.
Meat and technical products obtained from hunting the Eurasian beaver (Castor Fiber)
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Hunting Management and Animal Breeding Named after Professor B.M. Zhitkov, Kozlov Yurii A. , Sergeev Aleksei A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Hunting Management and Animal Breeding Named after Professor B.M. Zhitkov, Zarubin Boris E. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Hunting Management and Animal Breeding Named after Professor B.M. Zhitkov, Economov Aleksandr V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Hunting Management and Animal Breeding Named after Professor B.M. Zhitkov
Published: February 2025

This research paper presents the results of original studies of food and technical products made of
the Eurasian beaver (n = 68) obtained from the territory of the Kirov Region. The body weight of the examined
animals varied within 6.7 - 28.2 kg, amounted to 17.2 kg on average and depended on age. The article presents
the indices of the relative and absolute mass of by-products made of meat with bones and mass of by-products
made of flesh, and also double lateral preputial or vaginal diverticulum (i.e. castoreum). The average bodymass
index of beaver carcass amounted to 48.6%. As for meat productivity, beaver is inferior to wild ungulate animals, but surpasses marmots. In order to optimize the use of beaver resources, it is necessary to develop and
approve state standards for food and medicinal-technical raw materials obtained from it.
التعليم الالكتروني للأجيال القادمة E-Learning for Future Generations
Authors: Al-Yahya'i Nawal Issa Mohamed , Mohamed Adnan Mohamad Azrien , Awae Fareed
Published: February 2025

This scientific paper attempts to give a brief picture of e-learning for future generations. It aims to clarify two objectives. The first one is to know what e-learning is, what its types are, and what its characteristics are. The second one is to record its advantages and disadvantages. Consequently, the goals, characteristics, advantages, and constraints of e-learning are codified. The researcher has adopted an analytical-descriptive approach. Finally, the study concluded a set of findings, of which the most important is that e-learning is a modern method of education in which modern techniques and communication mechanisms are used to support the educational process. Moreover, e-learning provides an interactive environment with a multifaceted, mobile, individual, and holistic variety, which plays a role in solving the obstacles or reasons for reluctance toward education. In fact, e-learning has characteristics and advantages such as speed, flexibility, low cost, and easy access to a teacher without effort or hardship. While its disadvantages are that it is easy to penetrate examinations, get answers to questions, and use others in solving tests. Moreover, society sees e-learning system graduates as less efficient and skilled than traditional education system graduates.
Serangan Arab Saudi Ke Atas Houthi (2011-2015): Kesannya ke atas Yaman Saudi Arabia Attacks on Houthi (2011-2015): Impact on Yemen
Authors: Hussin Muhammad Khairul Iman , Nor Mohd Roslan Mohd
Published: February 2025

Saudi Arabia's attack in 2015 is the biggest threat to the stability of Yemen. The Saudi attacks were launched relentlessly, especially on the Houthi group, which was considered to be militants following the rise of the group involved, which led to the coup of the Yemeni government during Uprising 2011. Many regions under the influence of the Houthis were attacked and even all forms of assets belonging to the Houthi army were also destroyed. But despite the attack, millions of Yemenis became victims. Thus, this study aims to analyze the impact on Yemen by using a thematic analysis method through research on three main scopes collectively; first, from a political point of view, second from a social point of view and third from an economic point of view. The results of the study found that the effects of the conflict led to political instability, recession and social backwardness.
التسويق الإسلامي منهج أخلاق متكامل Islamic Marketing: An Integrated and Ethical Approach
Authors: Hosen Alzalook Moneer , Lubis Asmuliadi , Mansor Fadillah
Published: February 2025

The research deals with marketing from an integrated Islamic perspective, aiming to clarify the foundations, limitations and principles of marketing in Islam. Specifically, it focuses on consumer protection in the light of the unethical marketing practices prevalent in today’s market. The problem of the research addresses the unethical activities that are commonplace in the field of business and marketing. A qualitative research methodology was employed using descriptive narrative. The results show how the principles and ethics of an integrated Islamic approach to marketing help to mold human beings on sound foundations, guiding them to be upright and ethical in their dealings and their marketing. Consequently, sellers and consumers experience fairness and honesty, thereby creating a society based on brotherhood, faith and trust.
أثر الامتثال على الحوكمة الشرعية في المصارف الإسلامية The Effect of Compliance on Sharia governance in Islamic Banks
Authors: Hamd Nagi , Lubis Asmuliadi , Mohd Balwi Mohd Abd Wahab Fatoni
Published: February 2025

The research aimed to identify the Effect of compliance on Sharia governance in Islamic banks in Libya and Jordanian. To the objectives of the research, the research model was built on previous studies. And the study population may consist of employees of Islamic banks in Libya, and through the quantitative approach chosen by the researcher,204 respondents' samples were collected. The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting primary data. The results showed that compliance affect Sharia governance. The research presented some recommendations, the most important of which are: the banks should have standards of Sharia governance, attention to compliance, and the development of an effective management system for compliance.
Content and Context in Politics: A Scholars Views on Democracy in Islam
Authors: Mohammed Yakubu , Umar Gokaru Shuaibu
Published: February 2025

Politics is a set of happenings that are linked with the governance of the people by the people for the people of a nation. Politics as it is an active practice in statements, manifestos, editorials, and philosophical texts, helps draw and redraw conceptual boundaries. To be sure, much of political life consists not in contesting formed concepts or constructing new ones, but in applying agreed-upon and cherished notions in new contexts to render unseen injustices visible or identifying additional examples of virtue, with varying success. Concepts are used in politics and reconfirmed as political concepts when they are mapped onto societal terrains in innovative and controversial ways. This paper aims at defining politics in its content and background in Islamic politics. The research adopted a qualitative approach to carry out this work. Hence, the work concealments the content and framework of politics by some scholars' and Scholars' views on democracy. This work covers how and where Islamic politics started and how politics penetrates Islam. The brief historical background of the Islamic political system, and how democracy infiltrates into Islam had been mentioned, as the scholars’ views on Islam and politics, this work is very important to the researchers, especially who wanted to study Islamic politics.
Penggunaan Aplikasi Dalam Talian Untuk Proses Pembelajaran dalam Kalangan Mahasiswa di Universiti Malaya: Isu dan Solusi Utilization of Online Applications For Learning Process Among Students In The University of Malaya: Issues and Solutions
Authors: Kamarudin Nurul Husnina , Mat Zin Aizan Ali @ Mat Zin
Published: February 2025

The national education system has undergone significant evolution in line with the country's development and capabilities. With technological advancements across various fields, the use of technology in education has also progressed over time. Technological progress is deemed essential to stay relevant within the education system. The e-learning approach, or online learning, has become a familiar method at the higher education level. Hence, this study focuses on the MAYA application, an online platform utilized by students at the University of Malaya (UM) for academic matters. The objective of this study is to assess the usage of the MAYA application in the learning process at UM, specifically addressing issues faced by students based on their experiences. Findings from the study have led to proposed solutions to enhance the performance and efficiency of the MAYA application. The research methodology employed in this study is a quantitative approach to obtain relevant data. The study outcomes provide a comprehensive insight into the utilization of MAYA at UM with the expectation that these proposed improvements will enhance students’ learning experiences and the university administrative efficiency in addressing future issues.
Characters’ Enhancements in the Series Adaptation of League of Legends
Authors: Fadhillah Muhammad Alif , Faiza Anjania Muhammad , Subari Afta Ikhlasul , Biela Bening Salsa , Ibrahim Yusuf
Published: February 2025

Arcane is a TV series adaptation from a game named League of Legends and was categorized as the best TV series in 2021. When many TV series adaptations take novel as its source, this adaptation becomes interesting to analyse because the source text is from a game. This research aims to find out the changes applied to the characters in the series adaptation using Linda Hutcheon’s adaptation theory, in which she mentioned that character is one of aspects often changed when a work is adapted into different form.  The Arcane is based on Zaun and Piltover's past, there will be so much to compare from the TV series and the game. Using qualitative method and spradley’s data analysis steps, this research reveal that changes are applied to the characters Vi, Jinx, and Caitlyn. These changes involve appearance, outfit, and ability, which gives more realistic and grounded effect to Arcane’s story. This is due to the different mode of engagement that Hutcheon calls from interacting to showing. With some adjustments made to the characters, the series are able to present engaging story and new audience.
I'll No Longer be a Capulet: Archetypal Shifts in the Movie and Anime Adaptations of Shakespeare's Juliet
Authors: Futiha Alambarra Amaan Ahmada  , Ntamwana Simon
Published: February 2025

Adaptation is being a striking phenomenon that attracts many people because it tends to produce a different sensation of the source text. This research considers this phenomenon in order to reveal the shifts between the source text and the adaptation versions. The article is a comparative study that applies the archetypal theory. It sets out to reveal the similarities and differences with respect to the archetypes pertaining to the Juliet character in Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet, and its film and anime adaptations. The descriptive qualitative method is used to enable the researcher to do the interpretation and descriptive analysis. Moreover, the research uses the theory of structuralism and archetypal characters by Mark and Pearson. The theory of archetypal character draws from twelve primary archetypes to find and analyze the data through some dialogues and passages of the story. The archetype shifts in Juliet's character are identified by comparing three texts, including William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet (second quarto version), Baz Luhrman’s Romeo + Juliet (1996), and Fumitoshi Oizaki’s Romeo x Juliet (2007). It is discovered that the archetypal character of Juliet shifts in the three analyzed texts. Based on the function of the character, the archetype of Juliet the Lover is maintained in Luhrmann’s Romeo + Juliet. Nonetheless, in Oizaki’s Romeo x Juliet, it changes into Juliet the Hero.
Effects of multiple spices and processing methods on the organoleptic quality of pork
Authors: Ekpo J.S. , Okon U.M.
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the organoleptic quality of pork combined with various
spices and subjected to different processing methods. Four distinct spices
(turmeric, African nutmeg, ginger, and garlic) representing the treatments
were utilized in conjunction with two processing methods, namely cooking and
grilling, to assess the effects on sensory attributes such as flavour,
aroma, texture, and overall acceptability. The study was conducted in a
randomized complete block design with a sensory panel comprising twenty
participants who evaluated samples of pork treated with different spice and
processing combinations. Results showed (p<0.05) effects of the spices on
the flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability of pork.
However, the garlic group received the lowest level of acceptance by
consumers. Grilling also proved to give a high acceptance rate in the
processed pork. It was however concluded that the overall acceptability of
pork was improved with the addition of spices. Turmeric, African nutmeg and
ginger are recommended for use in the processing of pork as it poses no risk
of rejection by consumers. Grilling can be adopted as a processing method
for pork as it does not negatively impact consumers' sensory perception.