bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВВЕДЕНИЕ В КУЛЬТУРУ IN VITRO И КЛОНАЛЬНОЕ МИКРОРАЗМНОЖЕНИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОГО СЕЯНЦА СМОРОДИНЫ ЧЕРНОЙ (RUBES NIGRUM L.)
Authors: И.С. Ковалева , А.Е. Мацнева , О.Е. Ханбабаева , А.С. Мазаева
Published: December 2019

В лаборатории плодоводства РГАУ-МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева выделен сеянец смородины черной 137, полученный от свободного опыления и сочетающий в себе оптимальный комплекс хозяйственно ценных признаков: стабильно высокую урожайность, крупноплодность, зимостойкость, устойчивость к мучнистой росе. Для ускорения процесса внедрения ценного генотипа в производство, а также получения здорового растительного материала с высоким потенциалом к дальнейшему вегетативному размножению in vitro разрабатывались основные этапы клонального микроразмножения сеянца смородины. Для инициации культуры использовали апексы, изолированные из покоящихся апикальных и латеральных почек и молодых развивающихся побегов. Стерильные экспланты культивировали на питательной среде. В качестве базовой использовали агаризованную среду на основе минеральных элементов Мурасиге и Скуга (1962 г.) (МС), с удвоенной концентрацией хелата железа. Цитокинин – 6-бензиламинопу-рин (6-БАП) тестировали в концентрациях 0,6; 0,7;0,8 мг/л в комбинации с индолилмасляной кислотой (ИМК) и без. Культуры инкубировали при интенсивности света 1500–2000 люкс, температуре 22 °С и 16-часовом фотопериоде. Длительность субкультивирования составляла 5 и 8 недель. Исследования показали, что в качестве инициальных эксплантов можно использовать апексы, выделенные как из покоящихся почек, так и из верхушек развивающихся побегов сеянца смородины. На стадии инициации культуры для уменьшения риска возникновения витрификации целесообразно использовать вариант питательной среды МС с 6-БАП (0,7 мг/л) в сочетании с ИМК (0,1 мг/л). На стадии собственно микроразмножения лучшие результаты получены при снижении концентрации 6-БАП до 0,6 мг/л. Для укоренения микропобегов оптимальна среда МС без гормонов. Модификацию питательной среды МС с 6-БАП и ИМК в концентрациях 0,8 и 0,1 мг/л соответственно целесообразно применять для беспересадочного хранения в течение 3–4 месяцев. После адаптации пересадку регенерантов из кассет в пластиковые контейнеры необходимо производить не раньше чем через шесть недель от начала культивирования. В ходе работы изучены этапы клонального микроразмножения сеянца смородины черной: установление стерильной культуры, регенерация из эксплантов различного происхождения, мультиплицирование, укоренение in vitro, адаптация в нестерильных условиях.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL OF BALI WIDYA KUSUMA HOTEL SCHOOL THROUGH THREE- STEP INTERVIEW
Authors: Widiastuti Ida Ayu Made Sri
Published: December 2019

This present study was a classroom action research which was conducted to overcome the students’ problem in mastering speaking skill by implementing Three- Step Interview. The subject of this study was the first semester students of Bali Widya Kusuma Hotel School. There were two cycles in which every cycle consisted of two sessions. The research was started by administering the initial reflection. In accordance to the main objective of this study, the initial reflection was intended to establish the real pre existing speaking skill mastery of the subjects under study in English. Based on the result of the pre-test which was carried out in the pre-cycle, showed that the subjects’ skill in speaking was categorized as insufficient, which was 54.48. From the technique implemented, there was significant improvement from the subjects’ skill in speaking, in which it improved from insufficient to good, which was 68.09 in cycle I and 76,29 in cycle II. This research furthermore showed there was changing learning behavior as the result of the positive responses concerning the technique applied in improving the subjects’ speaking skills. To sum up, the present clasroom action study proved that the implementation of three-step interview could improve speaking skill in the first semester students of Bali Widya Kusuma Hotel School.
PENERAPAN MODEL TRI PRAMANA SPA DITINJAU DARI MOTIVASI SISWA TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA
Authors: Arjaya Ida Bagus Ari , Puspadewi Kadek Rahayu
Published: December 2019

The purposes of this research are to analyze: 1) The difference of critical thinking ability between Model Tri Pramana SPA (MTPSPA) and Model Pembelajaran Konvensional (MPK), 2) the differences in critical thinking skills between MTPSPA and MPK in students with high learning motivation, 3) The differences in critical thinking skills between MTPSPA and MTPSPA in students with low learning motivation, 4) The interactive effect between learning model and learning motivation toward students' critical thinking ability.

The population of this study was all students of SMP Negeri 7 Denpasar academic year 2016/2017. The Samping technique that was used was group random sampling method with a quasi experiment design. The prerequisite data analysis consisted of internal validity analysis and interrater reliability. Two Way Analyze of Variant (ANAVA) by using SPSS 17 for Windows Software was used as the data analysis technique. The result of the present study are 1) there was significant difference of students’ critical thinking between MTPSPA and MPK (p=0,000 < α = 0,05), 2) there was significant difference of students’ critical thinking between MTPSPA and MPK for high motivation (p=0,000 < α = 0,05), 3) there was significant difference of students’ critical thinking between MTPSPA and MPK for low motivation (p=0,000 < α = 0,05), 4) there is no interaction effect between learning model and students’ learning motivation toward students' critical thinking (p = 0,482> α = 0,05).
Cumplimiento de la Armonización Contable en materia de transparencia en el Supremo Tribunal de Justicia del Estado de Sonora
Authors: Castellanos Trujillo Silvino
Published: December 2019

El tema de estudio a conocer es de la armonización contable en materia de transparencia; es un tema que con el paso del tiempo se ha ido implementado en algunos estados, municipios entidades y organismos; y a pesar del tiempo que se tiene de haberse creado esta Ley no se ha dado un avance significativo en el proceso de armonización e implementación de sistemas para operar y dar cumplimiento en base a la normatividad. En esta investigación se busca obtener un conocimiento en materia de transparencia de los rubros que la conforman para generar un reporte detallado de la evaluación, control y seguimiento. La evaluación se lleva a cabo por el Instituto Superior de Auditoria y Fiscalización (ISAF) en conjunto con el Consejo Estatal de Armonización Contable (CEAC); en una plataforma informática denominada Sistema de Evaluación de Armonización Contable (SEVAC).

Esta investigación se realizó en uno de los tres poderes del ejecutivo, en esta caso en el Poder Judicial del Estado de Sonora, integrado por el Supremo Tribunal de Justicia, seleccionado por formar parte de la prueba piloto y contar con información para el análisis para revisar su evaluación. De la información analizada, se validó que en algunos apartados que integran el módulo de la transparencia presentan incumplimiento en el segundo, tercero y cuarto trimestre del 2017. Esto concluye que aún los entes públicos no cuentan con una estructura o sistema adecuado para la armonización y desde luego el apego a la normatividad que marca la Ley General de Contabilidad Gubernamental (LGCG).
La evolución de los cuerpos académicos de la División de Ciencias Económico Administrativas de la Universidad de Sonora: Un Análisis Comparativo 2008- 2017
Authors: Ortiz Noriega Ana Elsa , Félix Enríquez Sergio
Published: December 2019

A partir de la década de los noventa en nuestro país se ha implementado la mejora de la educación superior como parte de la respuesta a la sugerencias de la OCDE de incluir en las políticas públicas, el desarrollo del personal académico y la calidad de la educación nacional, dándole origen al Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado (PROMEP), hoy PRODEP, que a su vez crea y fomenta los Cuerpos Académicos (CA) para impulsar la investigación entre el profesorado y como actividad sustantiva en las Instituciones de Educación Superior ( IES). En este trabajo, se estudia las normas y actividad de dichos cuerpos académicos, con un enfoque particular hacia la Universidad de Sonora, desde los lineamientos de PRODEP y la reglamentación interna. Se establece como objetivo general, revisar el marco normativo de la Universidad de Sonora y su influencia en el desarrollo de la formación y consolidación de sus cuerpos académicos. El trabajo, es un estudio cualitativo documental de los reglamentos y lineamientos que afectan directamente a los cuerpos académicos en la Universidad de Sonora, comparado contra la situación general del análisis simple de los CA nacionales. Teniendo como conclusiones que a pesar de que se considera como una barrera de desarrollo de los cuerpos académicos en la Universidad de Sonora es la propia normatividad académica, que además de la falta de conceptualización regulada, inserta de manera forzada y poco significativa su participación institucional.
Ethics in radiology: A case-based approach
Authors: Stiles-Clarke Laura , Clarke James
Published: December 2019

Background: Ethics training is required for all radiology residents in Canada, but this may be difficult to provide as radiology departments may not have radiologists with formal ethics training, and may not have access to educational resources focussed on teaching ethics to radiologists. We describe the implementation of a case-based approach to teaching and learning ethics, designed for Canadian radiologists. This approach can be adapted for use in other specialties through development of specialty-specific ethics case scenarios.Methods: Ethics case study rounds specific to Canadian radiologic practice were presented at two different institutions, and using two different methods within one institution. In one method, we requested that the residents read the case study and questions ahead of time; in the other, the rounds were presented without any expectation of residents doing prior preparation.Results: The participants, as a group, agreed with all seven survey statements describing the value of the experience. The opportunity to read the case ahead of time seemed helpful for some residents, but was not found to be overall more useful than discussing the case without prior review. Indeed, more than half of the resident participants in this group indicated that they did not make use of the advance materials at all.Conclusion: Resident feedback indicates that ethics case study rounds are a useful and valuable experience, especially when the case is specifically tailored to their medical practice. Prior preparation was not necessary for residents to benefit from these rounds.
Students working against tobacco: A novel educational program to improve Canadian medical students’ tobacco counselling skills
Authors: Lammers Deanna , Zhang Zach , Povieriena Iuliia , Pipe Andrew
Published: December 2019

Background: Medical professionals should be appropriately trained in the field of smoking cessation counseling and be familiar with related tobacco-control issues. Sadly, Canadian medical students receive little education regarding smoking cessation.Methods: University of Ottawa medical students created Students Working Against Tobacco (SWAT), a program that provides its members with tobacco education and opportunities to discuss tobacco use, smoking prevention and cessation with elementary-school students. Surveys assessing student knowledge and confidence in addressing tobacco issues were administered to the participating students at the start of the program and following their delivery of a school presentation.Results: Students initially lacked knowledge, skills and experience in addressing tobacco issues and discussing smoking prevention and cessation counselling. Following their involvement in the SWAT program, students’ smoking cessation counselling knowledge and skills improved, and they expressed confidence in becoming more engaged in this important preventive health issue.Conclusion: Until smoking cessation is incorporated into undergraduate medical education programs, gaps will remain in the preparation of tomorrow's physicians regarding the provision of effective smoking cessation counselling and their broader understanding of this important health issue. Currently, there are constraints limiting the number of medical undergraduates that SWAT is able to involve and influence.
Head
Authors: O'Neill Taryn Elaine
Published: December 2019

To fully understand something you must break it down to its simplest form. This is especially true for medicine. In order to appreciate challenging concepts, you need to have a basic comprehension of all components. I completed this piece as a medical student where I was confronted with new information that relied on my prior learning to build a bigger picture. This piece was constructed by adding small strips of paper folded in distinct patterns that as a collection form an overall image.
Endoscopy simulation for pre-clerkship students
Authors: Persad Amit Rahul , Verma Lalit K. , Persad Rabindranath
Published: December 2019

Implication:

Here we report a simulation session carried out with pre-clerkship medical students during their gastroenterology block.  We used endoscopy simulator to cement the clinical and anatomic implications of endoscopy and to build interest in gastroenterology. Students thought the session was helpful for their interest and understanding. Endoscopy simulation provided for pre-clinical students could help to bolster high-level understanding of gastroenterology as well as understanding of clinical and procedural aspects of the specialty.
A student affairs podcast as novel communication tool
Authors: Frayha Neda , Brown Jessica , Parker Donna
Published: December 2019

Podcasts are prevalent within medical education, but not within medical student affairs. Our Office of Student Affairs (OSA) created a podcast focusing on topics relevant to the medical student experience. There have been over 20,000 downloads thus far. Survey responses and feedback have been positive and highlight the podcast’s utility as a communication tool, with 96% of respondents saying they would recommend this podcast to others. Given the mission of student affairs offices to advise, mentor, and educate students, a student affairs podcast is an exciting innovation for medical schools to consider.
Managing cognitive load in simulations: exploring the role of simulation technologists
Authors: Sibbald Matt , Wang Bingxian , Caners Kyla
Published: December 2019

Background: Facilitating simulation is a complex task with high cognitive load. Simulation technologists are often recruited to help run scenarios and lower some of the extraneous load. We used cognitive load theory to explore the impact of technologists on instructors, identifying sources of instructor cognitive load with and without technologists present.

Methods: Data was collected from 56 simulation sessions for postgraduate emergency medicine residents. Instructors delivered 14 of the sessions without a technologist. After each session, the instructor and simulation technologist (if present) provided quantitative and qualitative data on the cognitive load of the simulation.

Results: Instructors rated their cognitive load similarly regardless of whether simulation technologists were present. However, the composition of their cognitive load differed. Instructors experienced less cognitive load related to the simulator and technical resources when technologists were present. Qualitative feedback from instructors suggested real consequences to these differences in cognitive load in (1) perceived complexities in running the scenario, and (2) observations of learners.

Conclusions: We provide evidence that simulation technologists can remove some of the extraneous load related to the simulator and technical resources for the instructor, allowing the instructor to focus more on observing the learner(s) and tailoring the scenario to their actions.
Should I stay, or should I go?
Authors: Silverberg Sarah
Published: December 2019

In this narrative, I explore the thoughts and emotions that drive the decision of whether to transfer residency programs. I focus on the difficulty of making a career decision with limited information, and the difficulty of exploring the possibility of a transfer while still remaining part of an ongoing residency program. Although residency transfers are a taboo topic, they are remarkably common. Many residents go through this process feeling alone; I hope to convey that these feelings are common. More understanding of the transfer process is needed, particularly in light of the ongoing unmatched Canadian medical graduate crisis and in light of high rates of burnout, to understand the drivers behind resident wellness and satisfaction.
Development of a novel conceptual framework for curriculum design in Canadian postgraduate trauma training
Authors: Mador Brett , Kim Michael , White Jonathan , Harris Ilene , Tekian Ara
Published: December 2019

Background: Recent changes in practice patterns and training paradigms in trauma care have resulted in a critical review of postgraduate curricula. Specifically, a shift towards non-operative management of traumatic injuries, and reduced resident work-hours, has led to a significant decrease in trainees' surgical exposure to trauma. The purpose of our study is to perform an exploratory review and needs assessment of trauma curricula for general surgery residents in Canada.
Methods: Our study design includes semi-structured interviews with trauma education experts across Canada and focus groups with various stakeholder groups. We performed qualitative analysis of comments, with two independent reviewers, using inductive thematic analysis to identify themes and sub-themes.
Results: We interviewed four trauma education experts and conducted four focus groups. We formulated two main themes: institutional context and transferability of curricular components. We further broke down institutional context into sub-themes of culture, resources, trauma system, and trauma volume. We developed a new conceptual framework to guide ongoing curricular reform for trauma care within the context of general surgery training.
Conclusions: Our exploratory curriculum review of trauma care training in Canada has provided valuable data to guide a national curriculum development process.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN VOLTASE RENDAH PADA STERILISASI MEDIA BIAKAN BAKTERI
Authors: Djayasinga Rodhiansyah
Published: December 2019

The important treatment of culture media before being used is by sterilizing growth medium first to avoid contamination from contaminant bacteria which can ruin the result of bacteria in treatment ingredients. Nowadays, many researchers develop new methods to sterilize, like; disinfecting microorganisms with electrochemistry, electro-sterilization uses graphite electrode on liquid culture media nutrient broth produces the decrease in bacteria rate by 16.7%.. This research tends experiment whose subject is culture media nutrient broth, dependent variable is a number of dead bacteria and culture media nutrient broth, independent variable is 8 electric potentials, 10 volts, and duration 5 until 10 minutes. Electro-sterilization treatment in subject is 4 with 6 times repeat. Data collecting method use observation instruments of sterility test result culture media nutrient broth. The result of data bivariate analysis uses anova test determined that electro-sterilization will be effective and efficient if it is done in 10 volts for 10 minutes. Data analysis univariate by using frequent distribution determined that it is 8,3% of all total sample contain dead bacteria. Analysis data uses correlation test determined that culture media nutrient broth which has been given electro-sterilization treatment function as culture media.

Keywords: Electrosterilization, Electrode, Nutrient Broth
PENETAPAN KADAR FLAVONOID EKSTRAK DAUN SINGKIL (Premna corymbosa) BERDASARKAN VARIASI SUHU DAN WAKTU PENGERINGAN SIMPLISIA
Authors: Supriningrum Risa , Sundu Reksi , Setyawati Dwi
Published: December 2019

Daun singkil memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan triterpenoid/steroid. Pengeringan merupakan salah satu tahap pembuatan simplisia yang dilakukan agar simplisia tidak mudah rusak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun singkil berdasarkan variasi suhu dan waktu pengeringan simplisia. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengambilan sampel, determinasi tumbuhan, pembuatan simplisia dengan pengeringan oven pada suhu 50 ºC dan 70 ºC dengan waktu 8 dan 10 jam, ekstraksi secara maserasi, skrining fitokimia ekstrak, penetapan kadar flavonoid menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun singkil memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu tanin, flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid/steroid. Kadar rata-rata flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun singkil berdasarkan suhu dan waktu pengeringan simplisia berturut-turut mulai dari yang tertinggi adalah suhu 50oC waktu 10 jam sebesar 1,54% ; suhu 70 ºC waktu 8 jam sebesar 1,50% ; suhu 70 ºC waktu 10 jam sebesar 1,38% dan suhu 50 ºC waktu 8 jam sebesar 0,96% .
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIKA PADA PASIEN PASCA BEDAH RAWAT INAP DI RSUD SMC KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA PERIODE APRIL-MEI 2017
Authors: Nurlela Sani , Alifiar Ilham , Idacahyati Keni
Published: December 2019

Bedah merupakan suatu tindakan pengobatan dengan cara membuka dan menampilkan bagian tubuh yang akan ditangani, pembukaan ini umumnya dilakukan dengan membuat sayatan, dan selanjutnya dilakukan perbaikan yang diakhiri dengan penutupan. Penyayatan yang dilakukan dapat menyebabkan perlukaan sehingga dapat beresiko tinggi menimbulkan infeksi, adanya infeksi harus ditangani dengan antibiotik yang tepat dan rasional. Penggunaan antibiotika yang tidak terkontrol memungkinkan munculnya bakteri yang resisten, sehingga pengobatan infeksi menjadi tidak efektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi data penggunaan antibiotika pada pasien pasca bedah rawat inap di sebuah Rumah Sakit di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya periode bulan April-Mei 2017 dan melakukan evaluasi gambaran pola penggunaan antibiotika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian obsevasional dengan pengambilan data dilakukan secara prospektif dan desain penelitian cross sectional. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS 21.0. jumlah sampel penelitian yang didapatkan sebanyak 80 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan antibiotika tunggal yang paling banyak digunakan adalah ceftriaxone, baik pada operasi bersih maupun pada operasi bersih terkontaminasi. Sedangkan antibiotika kombinasi yang paling banyak digunakan adalah ceftriaxone kombinasi dengan metronidazole, baik pada operasi bersih maupun pada operasi bersih terkontaminasi.

Kata kunci: pasca bedah, antibiotika, evaluasi obat
PENGARUH FRAKSI AIR DAUN KEDONDONG BANGKOK (Spondias dulcis) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN
Authors: Triyandi Ramadhan , Nopiyansyah Nopiyansyah , Pratama Robi Wira
Published: December 2019

Ambarella Bangkok fruit (Spondias dulcis) is fruits from Anacardiaceae family. Ambarella plant is known containing secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin. Flavonoid is a polyphenol compound which work as antioksdant. Ambarela Bangkok leaf containing rich antioksidant which can be use as prevention of cancer, heart disease, cholesterol, diabetes, and premature aging. The purpose of this research is to look effect from water fraction from Ambarela leaf (spondias dulcis) to decrease diabetes disease from white male mice. In this research ambarela leaf is extracted by maseration with 70% alcohol. After the extract obtained then fractionation prosen be held. From the fraction wich ocurred, then made three variant of dose those are 175.5 mg/kgW, 351 mg/kgW and 702 mg/kgW. From those three dose, the 702mg/ kgW dose has the best effect from another dose. Positive control used glibenclamide and negative control used aquadest. The result of this research shows that water fraction from Ambarela leaf can decrease diabetes desease from the white male mice. The the greater fraction concentration, the greater the concentration of the fraction then the decrease of blood glucose level in mice is getting better. The 702mg/kgW dose has an average value of decline 94.3 mg/Dl. The result of analisys shows that watter fraction of ambarella Bangkok leaf can decrease the blood glucose level in male white mice.

Key word : Spondias dulcis, water fraction of Ambarela leaf , Blood glucose level
AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN ASHITABA (Angelica keiskei) SECARA IN VIVO DENGAN PENGINDUKSI KARAGENAN
Authors: As'ada Haka , Saibi Yardi , Aldrat Hendri
Published: December 2019

Ashitaba leaves (Angelica keiskei) or also known as tommorow's leaf is plant that known to have various health benefit, one of them is as an anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of ashitaba leaves has been known through in vitro assays. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of 70% ethanol extract of ashitaba leaves through in vivo assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was performed on white male rat of Sprague dawley strain with induction method of edema on rat's foot using 1% carrageenan 0.2 ml. Rats were divided into 5 groups. The negative control group was given a 0.5% Na-CMC suspension, a positive control group was given sodium diclofenac suspension of 5.14 mg / kgBW, and the test group was given 70% ethanol extract of ashitaba leaves at a dose of 1000; 2000; and 4000 mg / kgBW suspended in 0.5% Na-CMC. The results showed that in that dose range the 70% ethanol extract of ashitaba leaves had anti-inflammatory activity that did not depend on the dose. Percentage of edema of 70% ethanol extract of ashitaba leaves dose 1000; 2000; 4000 mg / kgBB was significantly different with negative control (p ≤ 0,05) and had percentage of edema inhibition respectively 83,95%, 79,01%, and 80,25%. The results of this study showed that 70% ethanol extract of ashitaba leaves have anti-inflammatory activity.

Keywords: Ashitaba, Angelica keiskei, tommorow's leaf, anti-inflammatory, carrageenan.
FRAKSI ETANOL RIMPANG JERINGAU (Acorus calamus L.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI RERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
Authors: Viogenta Pratika , Nopiyansyah Nopiyansyah , Fitri Fitri
Published: December 2019

Acorus calamus L. (jeringau) rhizomes are one of the medicinal plants used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. This plant were used as an antibacterial. The purpose of this research were to prove the inhibition jeringau rhizome on the selected microorganisme including two bacterial trains Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The rhizomes of jeringau were extracted with maceration method using ethanol 70 % and fractionation process using solvent v/v (ethanol, n-hexane and chloroform). The antibacterial activity used the cup plate method with the concentration 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, positive control using ampicillin and negative control using aquades. The test were continved by determining the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC). Research was obtained zone diameters of 0 mm (negative control), 35.37 mm (positive control), 23.33 mm (concentration 20%), 25.52 mm (40%), 27.11 mm (60%), 30.09 mm (80%), and 33.16 mm (100%) against Staphylococcus aureus. Inhibitory zone diameters 0 mm negative control, 36.68 mm positive control, 22.53 mm (concentration 20%), 25.85 mm (40%), 28.08 mm (60%), 29.73 mm (80%), and 32.21 mm (100%) against Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value in both bacterial were 2%. The results showed that all fraction concentrations could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Keywords : Rhizome Jeringau, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
FRAKSI ETANOL EKSTRAK KULIT DURIAN (Durio zibethinus L.) SEBAGAI ANTIFUNGI TERHADAP Trichophyton mentagrophytes DAN Candida albicans
Authors: Tri Mulyani Yuli Wahyu , Widodo Subur , Selviani Lisa
Published: December 2019

Durian is a fruit that is in demand by the community, but during durian season environmental problems arise due to waste from skin of durian. The aimed of the study was to prove the antifungal activity of the ethanol fraction of durian skin against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans and to determine the active active compounds inhibiting T. mentagrophytes and C. albicans fungi. Durian skin was extracted by maceration method, then fractionated used ethanol, chloroform, and n-hexane solvents. Ethanol fraction was tested on T. mentagrophytes and C. albicans fungi used the disc method with a concentration of 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, distilled water as a negative control, ketoconazole as a positive control. The best inhibition zone is fungi T. mentagrophytes concentration 100% ( 9.23 mm) negative control (0 mm), positive control (32.96 mm), fungi C. albicans the best inhibition zone is concentration of 100% (8.30 mm), positive control (17.17 mm) negative controls (0 mm).The ethanol fraction was screened by the Thin Layer Chromatography method and positively contained flavonoids (rf 0.7), tannins (rf 0.58), saponins (rf 0.76) and alkaloids (rf 0.64). Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of T. mentagrophytes were 7% and C. albicans were 8%. The most effective active compound growht of T. mentagrophytes is tannins (rf 0.7) and for C. albicans is flavonoid (rf 0.6). The ethanol fraction of durian bark extract has antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes and C. albicans.

Keywords: Antifungi, Candida albicans, ethanol fraction skin of durian, Trichophytonmentagrophytes
Karakteristik Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Induk Sapi Peranakan Onggole (PO) dan Persilangannya di Pacitan, Jawa Timur
Authors: Rastosari Adisti
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Ongole Grade Cow and its crossbreeding in Pacitan, East Java. This study used 105 cattles, which consist of 35 Ongole Grade Cattle, 35 LimPO and 35 SimPO. Ongole Grade’s coat dominated by white color (100%), coat of LimPO and SimPO dominated by light brown (5.7%) and (17.1%), brown (68.6%) and (57.1%), dark brown (25.7%) both. The muzzle color’s of Ongole Grade was (100%) black, black (48.6%) and brown (51.4%) for LimPO, black (51.4%) and brown (48.6%) for SimPO. SimPO had a white color on its head. The tail and nail color’s of Ongole Grade was (100%) black, black (48.6%) and brown (51.4%) for LimPO, black (54.3%) and brown (45.7%) for SimPO. Body sizes consisted of the heart girth, withers height, body length, hip height and head index for Ongole Grade were 160.36±9.57 cm; 122.13±5.29 cm;113.81±8.52 cm;126.31±4.77 cm; and 0.41±0.05; for LimPO were 167.27±14.33 cm;128.59±8.02 cm;124.44±8.83 cm;131.43±8.29 cm; and 0.47±0.06; for SimPO were 164.67±8.59 cm; 123.97±6.91 cm; 126.44±9.64 cm; 126.04±7.56 cm; and 0.50±0.07. From this results, it could be concluded that Ongole Grade, LimPO, and SimPO had different qualitative and quantitative characteristics which SimPO had a white color on its head. Heart girth, withers height, and hip height of LimPO were larger than SimPO and Ongole Grade whereas body length and head index of SimPO were larger than LimPO and Ongole Grade.

Key Words: Cow, LimPO, Ongole grade cattle, qualitative, quantitative, SimPO.
Fertilitas dan Daya Tetas Itik Lokal di Desa Bulukarto, Kabupaten Pringsewu
Authors: Patria Cintia Agustin , Herawati Maria
Published: December 2019

This research aims to find out the production of hatching eggs from local ducks in Bulukarto Village, Pringsewu Regency based on fertility and hatchability value. The percentage of fertility were 83,97% higher than other research and hatchability value were 81,12%.

Keywords: hatchability, fertility, duck, eggs
Pengaruh Media Pakan Baki (CFT) dan Baby Chick Feeder (BCF) terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Berat Badan Harian dan Konversi Pakan pada Ayam Ras Pedaging
Authors: Iwan Iwan
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feed media on feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. The research method used in this study is the experimental method, which is the type of research used to find the effect of certain treatment against others in controlled conditions. This research was conducted on poultry breeding farm at Company Farm. The division was located in Pembagian village, Tanjung Bintang Subdistrict, South Lampung Regency. This study was carried out for 18 days from broiler aged 0 to 18 days. Method of data collection used in this research using instrument that is observation sheet to get feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), and total weight. The data obtained were analyzed by using independent sample t-test test with SPSS version 17.00 software. The result showed that feed media used had a significant effect on feed conversion, but no significant effect on feed intake and average daily gain (ADG). The feed conversion in broiler maintained with Baby Chick Feeder (BCF) was better than Chick Feeder Tray (CFT). Feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) of broiler chickens maintained with Baby Chick Feeder (BCF) was similar to feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) of broiler maintained with Chick Feeder Tray (CFT).

Keywords: Average Daily Gain, Baby Chick Feeder, Chick Feeder Tray, Feed Intake, Feed Conversion Ratio
Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Ternak Ayam Kampung Super (Studi Kasus pada Peternakan Suparlan di Desa Jojog Kecamatan Pekalongan Kabupaten Lampung Timur)
Authors: Aziz Fikri Fathurahman
Published: December 2019

This study aims to analyze financially (net present value, revenue cost ratio, internal rate of return, break event point, return on investment and payback period) feasibility of kampung super chicken farming Mr. Suparlan in Jojog village, district Pekalongan, East Lampung regency. The data used in the form of quantitative and qualitative data sourced from the primary data and secondary data which is then analyzed descriptively. Based on the analysis, it is known that kampung super farm is financially feasible to cultivate. This is indicated by the positive value of net present value (NPV) of Rp 186,568,517, revenue ratio (RCR) 1.59, internal rate of return (IRR) of 135.82%, return on investment (ROI) of 43%, and the value of payback period (PP) of 0.50.

Keywords: financial feasibility, kampung chicken, chicken farm
Pola Saluran Pemasaran Ayam Kampung Konsumsi di Kecamatan Kalirejo Kabupaten Lampung Tengah
Authors: Setiawan Wahyu
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the channel patterns and marketing margins of native chickens in Kalirejo Sub Regency, Central Lampung Regency. The location of the study was conducted in 5 villages (Kalirejo, Poncowarno, Sribasuki, Kaliwungu, Sridadi). The method used in this research is descriptive analytic method, which is a method that aims to solve problems that exist at the present time by collecting data, compiling, managing, analyzing, describing and drawing conclusions. The population and sample are farmers and traders in the Kalirejo area with sampling techniques using snowball sampling techniques. Analysis of the data in the study using descriptive method while quantitative data was conducted to determine the amount of marketing margins and the farmer's share received by farmers. The research results revealed that there were 3 patterns of marketing channels in Kalirejo Sub Regency namely pattern 1) farmers-wholesalers-wholesalers-retailers-consumers; pattern 2) breeders-wholesalers-retailers-consumers; and pattern 3) breeders-retailers-consumers. The most profitable marketing margin for consumption chicken breeders is the one with the lowest margin percentage value of 16.67% in marketing channel III. The most efficient marketing channel is marketing channel III because it has the lowest total marketing margin (Rp.5,000 per head) with the highest Farmer’s share (91.30%).

Keywords: Native Chicken, Marketing Pattern
BIMODAL INPUT IN TEACHING LISTENING COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
Authors: Budiarto Budiarto
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to see whether bimodal input (audio and its tape-script) can increase students’ listening comprehension in TOEIC listening section. Three groups of freshmen were involved in this study. Before the experiment began, three groups took the same TOEIC listening pre-test. They were selected and put into three groups with roughly equal level based on pre-test scores. All of the three groups trained in the same listening comprehension skills and strategies, and after that they did the same TOEIC listening post-test. There were two experimental groups, one group was shown the tape-script during the listening exercises) and the other experimental group was provided tape-script in the post listening comprehension practices, while the control is not shown the tape-script at all. By using a projector, presentation slides of tape-script were shown to the two experimental groups, one group was exposed the tape-script and at the same time the students were reading the script, and the other group was exposed with the tape-script after they finished listening, in order to check and analyze some parts in the listening to make sure about they heard and to see the relevant information needed. The pre-test and post-test comparisons showed that all three groups performed better as indicated by the increase of the listening comprehension scores in the post test, so it may show that each group is eager to learn the language. Each has to deal with the test which consists of 100 questions broken down into four parts, photographs, questions and responses, conversations, and talks. The writer does not specify the results based on each part, but on basis of the whole listening section result instead.
ENGLISH WRITING NEEDS FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES IN FORMAL HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Yundayani Audi
Published: December 2019

The study aimed to get the understanding about the learners’ needs of English writing skill for academic purposes in formal higher education. As a part of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), English for Academic Purposes (EAP) should play an important role in English teaching for non English program, specifically in higher formal education. This is a descriptive research that used observation, questionaire and interview. The data analysis and interpretation indicates that, 1) Learners’ proficiency in English writing for Academic Purposes in formal higher education is a must for use to enhance the learners’ academic performance. It is important for the lecturer to provide the suitable learning material and learning technique based on the requirement; 2) Learners’ English writing skill for academic purposes needs require ability in summarizing, paraphrasing, writing in academic genres like essays, reports  and literature reviews, and writing in rhetorical-functional like explaining, defining and drawing conclusion
ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL EDUCATION OBJECTIVES THROUGH THE RESEARCH OF STUDENT’S ENVIRONMENT AND EDUCATION CHARACTER
Authors: Suhendar Suhendar
Published: December 2019

The objectives of this research are to find out the result of achievement of national education objectives through environmental research of students and through the characteristics of education. This study used descriptive qualitative research. In connection to which, this research  constitutes one of teacher’s best endeavors to know the attainment of education objectives  and to ensure that teaching and learning activity in the class runs well, hence, the quality of education for students in the society can be accordingly improved
IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION SKILL THROUGH CHORAL DRILL TECHNIQUE
Authors: Poejilestari Noening
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research is to solve the English pronunciation problem. Besides, this research is also to know the effectiveness of using choral drill technique in teaching pronunciation. The research is conducted at SMK Karya Bahana Mandiri Bekasi, in semester two of academic year 2011/2012.  Data needed is obtain from direct and indirect observation and collaboration. In the direct observation, the data is from field observation. In the indirect one, the data is from the test result. Meanwhile in collaboration, the collaborator informs teaching and learning process through choral drill technique. Based on the data collected it is found that some students are active in pronunciation practice through choral drill technique. Further, the students have more desire and motivation to improve their pronunciation skill. Looking up the evaluation table, the pronunciation from twenty one students in three cycles can be explained; in the first cycle, there are only three students (15%) who achieve the standard of minimum score. In the second cycle, there are nine students (45%) who achieved the standard minimum score. While in the third cycle, all of them (100%) can achieve the standard minimum score. Furthermore, the writer concludes that the use of choral drill technique can be one of the appropriate approach to teach English pronunciation for the students
THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSLATING AND INTERPRETING STUDIES TOWARDS STUDENT’S SPEAKING SKILL
Authors: Suhendar Suhendar
Published: December 2019

Principally, the objective of this research is to find out the result of achievement of student’s speaking skill through the performance of translation and interpreting studies. In view of that, this research constitutes one of teacher’s best endeavors to recognize the attainment of student’s speaking skill as the prerequisite for them to get a highly qualified competency for their carrier in the future. Hence, the objective of education for which the students pursue in the university can be accordingly achieved. The achievement of students speaking skill in the society is very important due to the fact that many kinds of world-class business opportunities need a qualification of competency-based speaking skill. The steps of improving the students speaking skill through translating and interpreting study are namely understanding linguistics, socio linguistics and psycho-linguistics and vocabulary as well.
AN ANALYSIS ON ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER OF KEVIN IN “WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT KEVIN MOVIE DIRECTED” BY LYNNE RAMSAY
Authors: Suhendar Suhendar
Published: December 2019

The aim of this analysis is to know and understand the criteria, causes, influence, characters and moral messages of Kevin in Analysis on Antisocial Personality Disorder of Kevin in “We Need to talk about Kevin Movie Directed by Lynne Ramsay”. This method uses descriptive qualitative analysis. The analytical results obtained are: (1) Criteria of antisocial personality disorder of Kevin namely among the other things deceitfulness, irritability, aggressiveness, reckless, disregard for safety of his own self or for others and lack of remorse. (2) The causes of antisocial personality disorder on Kevin is less responsive (genetic) and neglect of family on Kevin (Environment). (3) Kevin’s behaviour influencing the others is posing of a threat and (4) Moral message that people should anticipate with antisocial personality disorder is that people should not hurt the person and should communicate with him very well. As a result, Kevin has the characters of aggressiveness, easily lying and can injure others without feeling any guilt.
THE STRUGGLE OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE MOVIE DJANGO UNCHAINED BY QUENTIN TARANTINO
Authors: Diah Istiwarni , Nuraini Latifah
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out how struggle of the main character against injustice from the white people around them. The research is conducted by using qualitative method; the writer uses two data sources, namely primary and secondary data source. The primary data is movie Django Unchained directed by Quentin Tarantino. The secondary data sources are the other sources related to this thesis like books about the movie. There are three objectives of this study. First, the kind of struggle of the main character as a slave that shows in movie. Second, factors that influenced black people become slave in movie. It makes black people get pressure from white people. Third the way slave can survive in pressure of white people. The results of the research are as follows; in the end, it can be concluded that the struggle for freedom can find happiness. Finally, Django as a main character and other slaves get their struggle for freedom after overcoming against their master.
THE COMMON USED OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGES IN BEATLES’ MASTERPIECES
Authors: Priyoto Priyoto , Armando Panji
Published: December 2019

This research is attempt to study about the common used of figurative languages in Beatles masterpieces. This research has three objectives: (1) to find out figurative languages in Beatles’ Masterpieces especially “A Day In The Life” and “A Hard Days Night” song, (2) to know what is the literal meaning in Beatles’ masterpieces especially “A Day In The Life” and “A Hard Days Night” song, (3) to know the moral values in Beatles’ masterpieces especially “A Day In The Life” and “A Hard Days Night” song . This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The technique of data analysis is categorizing, sorting, coding, interpreting, drawing a conclusion, and representing the findings. The result of this research shows that The Beatles is common used hyperbole and pleonasm in both song lyrics. Based on the analysis, the writer hopes that this research can provide knowledge about figurative language that the readers can take positive things especially in works of art.
COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION METHOD OF ENGLISH INDONESIAN TRANSLATION IN BOOK “THE ONE MINUTE MANAGER” BY KENNETH BLANCHARD, PH.D AND SPENCER JOHNSON, M.D
Authors: Suhendar Suhendar
Published: December 2019

The objective of this research mainly aims to find out the proofs that the translator used communicative translation in Indonesian book version. This paper was directed to answer two basic questions about the strategies that used by the translator to translate in target language and  the proofs which shows that in target language the translator used communicative translation method. The writer used the theory of Newmark about communicative translation method that is used to analyze the data. It amplifies that analysis based on the theory by expert will make easier to analysis. This research used qualitative method in which the writer undertakes research through describing the data. The writer found that the translation method that used by the translator is communicative translation method. In translation by the translator pay attention the meaning of source language so that the message in target language can be received by the readers.
THE USE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN KATY PERRY SONG
Authors: Arfani Sri , Damayanti Sri Chandra
Published: December 2019

The objective of this research is to analyze slang words in Top Five movie. Learning slang is important for people who want to fully understand English either it is formal or informal. The movie is analyzed using the descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through library and internet research then watch the movie several times. The first analysis of the research is about slang words that used in the movie. The second analysis is about forms of slang that found in the movie. Then the third analysis is about functions of slang words used in the movie. The result of this research indicated that: (1) There are ten slang words that are going to discuss in this research, (2) There are eleven forms of slang that found in the movie; compounding, affixation, phraseology, clipping, initialism, verbification, nominalization, other process, blending,  (3) There are nine functions of slang that used in the movie; identification, interaction, secrecy, emotions, humor, toughness, informality, conciseness, and forcefulness.