bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dario kajal, a new species of badid fish from Meghalaya, India
(Teleostei: Badidae)
Authors: BRITZ RALF , KULLANDER SVEN O
Published: October 2013

Dario kajal, new species, is described from Seinphoh stream in the Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, India. It can be distinguished from all other congeners by the presence of a postorbital stripe that continues behind the eye in line with the preorbital stripe and by the presence in males of a series of double bars restricted to the upper half of the body. The discovery of D. kajal in the Meghna River drainage raises the number of Dario species to five and raises interesting questions about the biogeography of the genus.
Rediscovery of the Earless Microteiid Lizard Anotosaura collaris Amaral, 1933 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): A redescription complemented by osteological, hemipenial, molecular, karyological, physiological and ecological data
Authors: Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut , Jr Mauro Teixeira , Vechio Francisco DAL , Amaro Renata Cecília , NiSA Carolina , GUERRERO AGUSTÍN CAMACHO , Damasceno Roberta , ROSCITO JULIANA GUSSON , Nunes Pedro M. Sales , Recoder Renato Sousa
Published: October 2013

More than a century after its discovery by Ernest Garbe, and almost 80 years after its original description, we obtained a series of specimens of the earless gymnophthalmid Anotosaura collaris, the type species of the genus, up to now known only by a single specimen. On the basis of the material obtained at and close to the type locality we redescribe the species, adding information about the external and hemipenial morphology, osteology and karytoype. Molecular data confirm its sister relationship with Anotosaura vanzolinia as well as the close relationship of Anotosaura with the Ecpleopodini Colobosauroides and Dryadosaura. We supplement this information with thermophysiological, ecogeographical, karyotypic and ecological data.
Depression and anxiety among HIV-positive sex workers in Kolkata, India: Testing and modifying the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale
Authors: Ghose Toorjo , Chowdhury Anuradha , Solomon Phyllis , Ali Samira
Published: October 2013

We examine how the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was modified to measure anxiety and depression among HIV-infected sex workers in India. Supervised by a community advisory group, HADS was translated and administered to 100 HIV-infected sex workers in Sonagachi, Kolkata, India. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine validity. Results indicate that the inability to remain calm is experienced as depression rather than anxiety, whereas functional impairment induces anxiety rather than depression. The cross-loadings were interpreted in the context of prevalent cultural norms. The modified instrument identified a high prevalence of depression (30%) and anxiety (44%).
El cartel de los sapos
Authors: Duarte Mauricio
Published: October 2013

In Colombia, society has come to be organized in terms of a division between those with and those without links to narcotrafficking. This moral boundary recently experienced a symbolic disturbance with the entrance on the country’s cultural scene of Andrés López López, a former Colombian drug trafficker, and his El cartel de los sapos (2008). An examination of the discursive and political strategies employed in this book, in which drug trafficking is referred to through the metaphor “bacteria,” allows us to understand the construction of a narrator who calls attention to the hypocrisy of the government and society regarding the reincorporation of narcotraffickers into civilian life while provoking a national debate on the difference between history and fiction.

En Colombia, la sociedad ha llegado a organizarse en términos de una división entre aquellos que tienen y no vínculos con el narcotráfico. Este límite moral experimentó un reciente disturbio simbólico con la entrada de Andrés López López, un ex-narcotraficante colombiano, y su libro El cartel de los sapos (2008) en la escena cultural del país. Un análisis de las estrategias discursivas y políticas empleadas en este libro, en el que el tráfico de drogas se define a través de la metáfora de la “bacteria,” nos permite entender la construcción de un narrador que devela la hipocresía gubernamental y social con respecto a la reincorporación de los narcotraficantes en la vida civil al mismo tiempo que provoca un debate nacional sobre la diferencia entre historia y ficción.
Bare Life in Ciudad Juárez
Authors: Eisenhammer Stephen
Published: October 2013

At least 60,000 people have been killed in Mexico since former President Felipe Calderón declared war on drugs in 2006. Much of the worst violence has centered on the border city of Ciudad Juárez. Despite the death toll, the killings have received scant academic attention. A study based on field research and using Giorgio Agamben’s theory of homo sacer to construct a theoretical framework proposes that the violence is rooted in Juárez’s role as an export processing zone, where cheap labor diminishes the value of life. It connects the recent drug-related violence with the murders of hundreds of women in the city during the 1990s and early 2000s.

Han muerto por lo menos 60,000 personas en México desde que el anterior presidente, Felipe Calderón, declaraba una guerra contra el narcotráfico en 2006. Una gran parte de la peor violencia se ha centrado en la ciudad fronteriza de Ciudad Juárez. Pese al gran número de muertos, las matanzas han recibido poca atención académica. Un estudio basado en investigación de campo y aplicando la teoría de “homo sacer” de Giorgio Agamben propone que la violencia tiene sus raices en el hecho de que en Juárez, como zona de exportación, la mano de obra abaratada disminuye el valor de la vida. Se conecta la narcoviolencia con los homicidios de cientos de mujeres en la ciudad durante la década de 1990 y comienzos de la de 2000.
Design, development, and evaluation of a master–slave surgical system for breast biopsy under continuous MRI
Authors: Yang Bo , Roys Steven , Tan U-Xuan , Philip Mathew , Richard Howard , Gullapalli Rao P. , Desai Jaydev P.
Published: October 2013

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides superior soft-tissue contrast in cancer diagnosis compared to other imaging modalities. However, the strong magnetic field inside the MRI bore along with limited scanner bore size poses significant challenges. Since current approaches in breast biopsy using MR images are primarily blind targeting approaches, it is necessary to develop an MRI-compatible robot that can avoid multiple needle insertions into the breast tissue. This MRI-compatible robotic system could potentially lead to improvement in the targeting accuracy and reduce sampling errors. A master–slave surgical system has been developed comprising a MRI-compatible slave robot which consists of one piezo motor and five pneumatic cylinders connected by long pneumatic transmission lines. The slave robot follows the configuration of the master robot, which provides an intuitive manipulation interface for the physician and operates inside the MRI bore to adjust the needle position and orientation and perform needle insertion tasks. Based on the MRI experiments using the slave robot, there was no significant distortion in the images, and hence the slave robot can be safely operated inside the MRI with minimal loss in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Ex vivo and in vivo experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the master–slave surgical system.
Anthropomorphic tendon-driven robotic hands can exceed human grasping capabilities following optimization
Authors: Inouye Joshua M. , Valero-Cuevas Francisco J.
Published: October 2013

How functional versatility emerges in vertebrate limbs in spite of their anatomical complexity is a longstanding question. In particular, fingers are actuated by numerous muscles pulling on tendons following intricate paths. In contrast, the tendon-driven robotic hands with intuitive tendon routings preferred by roboticists for their ease of analysis and control do not perform at the level of their biological counterparts. Thus there is much debate on whether and how the anatomy of the human hand contributes to grasp capabilities. These parallel questions in biology and robotics arise partly because it is unclear how the number and routing of tendons offer functional benefits. We use a novel computational approach that analyzes tendon-driven systems and quantifies grasp quality to compare the precision grasp capabilities of thousands of robotic index finger and thumb designs vs. the capabilities measured in human hands. Our exhaustive search finds that neither the symmetrical designs sometimes preferred by roboticists nor randomly generated designs approach the grasp capabilities of the human hand (they are on average 73% weaker). However, optimizing for anatomically plausible asymmetry in joint centers, tendon routings, and maximal tendon tensions produces designs that can exceed the human hand by 13–45%, and outperform the preferred robotic designs by up to 435%. Thus, the grasp capabilities of prosthetic or anthropomorphic hands can be greatly improved by judiciously altering design parameters, at times in counter-intuitive ways. Moreover we conclude that, in addition to its other capabilities, the human hand’s anatomy is very advantageous for precision grasp as it greatly outperforms numerous alternative robotic designs.
Developmental Reversals in Risky Decision Making
Authors: Reyna Valerie F. , Chick Christina F. , Corbin Jonathan C. , Hsia Andrew N.
Published: October 2013

Intelligence agents make risky decisions routinely, with serious consequences for national security. Although common sense and most theories imply that experienced intelligence professionals should be less prone to irrational inconsistencies than college students, we show the opposite. Moreover, the growth of experience-based intuition predicts this developmental reversal. We presented intelligence agents, college students, and postcollege adults with 30 risky-choice problems in gain and loss frames and then compared the three groups’ decisions. The agents not only exhibited larger framing biases than the students, but also were more confident in their decisions. The postcollege adults (who were selected to be similar to the students) occupied an interesting middle ground, being generally as biased as the students (sometimes more biased) but less biased than the agents. An experimental manipulation testing an explanation for these effects, derived from fuzzy-trace theory, made the students look as biased as the agents. These results show that, although framing biases are irrational (because equivalent outcomes are treated differently), they are the ironical output of cognitively advanced mechanisms of meaning making.
Handheld Technology as a Supplemental Tool for Elementary General Music Education
Authors: Carlisle Katie
Published: October 2013

This article argues that The Eclectic Curriculum in American Music Education warrants consideration within current elementary general music education contexts. One way to consider this foundational text is in terms of how technology can serve as a tool for enriching instructional approaches. While handheld technology use within these approaches is uncommon, current educational contexts may invite integration. Integration of technology within the Dalcroze, Kodály, and Orff instructional approaches operates at a tertiary level. Each approach articulates a primary focus and states a unique secondary function of instrument use. Technology is supportive of and integrative to the primary foci and secondary functions, granting it tertiary status. The article describes ways handheld technology as a supplemental tool can provide feedback to students on the primary focus and enrich the secondary instrumental function. Handheld technology presents an opportunity to scaffold students’ musical learning, enhance self-expression, and explore timbral relationships.
Exploring the Old Town School of Folk Music’s Beck Song Reader Ensemble
Authors: Thibeault Matthew D.
Published: October 2013

This column presents an interview with Nathaniel Braddock, who created and teaches an ensemble devoted to Beck’s Song Reader at the Old Town School of Folk Music in Chicago, Illinois. Song Reader is a collection of 20 compositions published as sheet music for musicians to record and release, with over 17,000 versions currently posted on YouTube alone. An introduction explains the Song Reader project and discusses how several aspects of the ensemble may appeal to music educators. The interview covers Braddock’s pedagogic techniques and conceptual approaches, providing teachers with strategies for successfully pursuing the inclusion of Song Reader or similar projects.
Broken Heart Stories
Authors: Medved Maria I. , Brockmeier Jens , Morach Judy , Chartier-Courchene Lori
Published: October 2013

Many Aboriginal communities call heart problems, and in particular cardiovascular disease, “White man’s sickness.” At the same time, Aboriginal women present with some of the highest rates of this disease. Against this backdrop, we explored how women with cardiac problems understand their heart health and used narrative-discursive methods to analyze interviews conducted with women from two First Nations in North America. The women told stories that were riddled with contradictions, unfolding a complicated personal and cultural reality of living with cardiovascular disease. In many stories, heart disease was described as resulting from a “community imbalance” in the wake of colonialism whereby the women had to take over the traditional roles of men. Their ideas of heart disease risk and healing flowed from this understanding. They derived a sense of strength, however, from their ability to undertake both gender roles. Based on our findings, we provide some recommendations for cardiac care.
A Comparison of Urban High School Students’ Perception of Music, Culture, and Identity
Authors: Dekaney Elisa Macedo , Robinson Nicole R.
Published: October 2013

Forty students ( N = 40) enrolled in the world drumming classes at two midsize urban high schools, School A ( n = 18) and School B ( n = 22), responded to a survey in which they freely responded to questions about their music preference, cultural background, school environment, their involvement in music in their schools and community, and how they believe their music choices express their identities. Results revealed that students in School A, where teachers and administrators seemed to have adopted culturally relevant pedagogies, articulated their perceptions of music, culture, and identity in a more meaningful way.
A Trainee’s Guide to Conceptualizing Countertransference in Marriage and Family Therapy Supervision
Authors: Gehlert Kurt M. , Pinke Judith , Segal Renee
Published: October 2013

Countertransference has special significance in the field of marriage and family therapy because there are more points of countertransference activation when working with couple and family relationships than with an individual. While the typical self-awareness portion of graduate studies is important, this article prepares trainees to understand why their openness to working with their countertransference in supervision is critical to their development as a therapist. Through the presentation of a unique model of countertransference interactions, a case example, an exploration of the important role of clinical supervision in effectively addressing countertransference, and examples of how to explore countertransference, this article supports the trainee in learning both how to address countertransference that may inhibit the family’s progress and how to enhance clinical results by making effective use of countertransference.
Safety Assessment of Decyl Glucoside and Other Alkyl Glucosides as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Fiume Monice M. , Heldreth Bart , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: October 2013

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 19 alkyl glucosides as used in cosmetics and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating. Most of these ingredients function as surfactants in cosmetics, but some have additional functions as skin-conditioning agents, hair-conditioning agents, or emulsion stabilizers. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data on these ingredients. Since glucoside hydrolases in human skin are likely to break down these ingredients to release their respective fatty acids and glucose, the Panel also reviewed CIR reports on the safety of fatty alcohols and were able to extrapolate data from those previous reports to support safety.
Safety Assessment of Lauriminodipropionic Acid, Sodium Lauriminodipropionate, and Disodium Lauriminodipropionate as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Burnett Christina L. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: October 2013

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel assessed the safety of lauriminodipropionic acid, sodium lauriminodipropionate, and disodium lauriminodipropionate as used in cosmetics. These ingredients function in cosmetics as hair-conditioning agents and surfactant-cleansing agents. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data related to the safety of these ingredients in cosmetics. The Panel concluded that lauriminodipropionic acid, sodium lauriminodipropionate, and disodium lauriminodipropionate are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use and concentration.
Safety Assessment of Borosilicate Glasses as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Becker Lillian C. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Andersen F. Alan
Published: October 2013

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of calcium sodium borosilicate, calcium aluminum borosilicate, calcium titanium borosilicate, silver borosilicate, and zinc borosilicate as used in cosmetics. These borosilicate glasses function mostly as bulking agents. Available animal and human data were considered along with data from a previous safety assessment of magnesium silicates. The similar structure, properties, functions, and uses of these ingredients enabled grouping them and using the available toxicological data to assess the safety of the entire group. Data submitted on calcium borosilicate, which is not a cosmetic ingredient, are also included as additional support for the safety of borosilicate glass ingredients. The Panel concluded that borosilicate glasses are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as given in this safety assessment.
Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block in cats undergoing perineal urethrostomy: a prospective, randomised, investigator-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Adami Chiara , Dayer Thomas , Spadavecchia Claudia , Angeli Giovanni
Published: October 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness, in terms of analgesic efficacy and safety, of ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block performed with bupivacaine in cats undergoing perineal urethrostomy. Eighteen client-owned male cats scheduled for perineal urethrostomy were enrolled in the study and assigned to one of two treatment groups. The pudendal nerve block was performed under general anaesthesia, as described elsewhere, with 0.3 ml/kg of either saline (group C) or 0.5% bupivacaine (group B) – the total injection volume being split equally between the two sites of injection (left and right). Intra-operatively, assessment of nociception was based on the rescue analgesics requirement, as well as on the evaluation of changes in physiological parameters in comparison with the baseline values. Postoperative pain assessment was performed using three different pain scales at recovery and then 1, 2 and 3 h after recovery. Cats in group B showed lower heart rates and required fewer analgesics during surgery than group C. Postoperatively, group B had lower pain scores and needed less rescue buprenorphine than group C. Iatrogenic block-related complications were not observed. In conclusion, the ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block can be considered clinically useful in feline medicine as it provides reliable analgesia in cats undergoing perineal urethrostomy.
Cultivating Space
Authors: Öztürk Maya Nanitchkova
Published: October 2013

This essay addresses theatre space as a distinct actualization of a social site, namely that collective organization that is formulated in the context of performative activity. It seeks to further the understanding of its operations in constituting agency and the collective by way of examining physical space as an experiential field. It proposes an approach and institutes the methodological tools to enable analysis of architectural space at an empirical level and in terms of its unmediated nonmediating effects, accessing the productive embedded in the corporeality of space–body relationships. Theatre space is examined and ascertained as a site through which realities of the social are grasped, and immediate bodily experience in and through space is confirmed as an authentic path of acquiring practical knowledge. Bearing on the conceptualization of built architectural space, as well as on the material practices of constituting and inhabiting space, this study concretizes less-charted aspects of sociospatial reciprocities, the physical and the social self, and discloses the experiential lying with built space as a means of cultural continuity.
The percentage flow-mediated dilation index: A large-sample investigation of its appropriateness, potential for bias and causal nexus in vascular medicine
Authors: Atkinson Greg , Batterham Alan M
Published: October 2013

The percentage flow-mediated dilation index (FMD%) scales the increase in arterial diameter (Ddiff) as a constant proportion of baseline artery diameter (Dbase). We have demonstrated, albeit with small samples, that the scaling properties of FMD% can lead to biased inferences on endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the underlying rationale and potential bias of FMD% using a selection of new examples from the large ( n = 3499) and diverse Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). In this dataset, we found that smaller values of Ddiff are associated with larger values of Dbase, which contradicts the scaling properties of FMD%. Consequently, FMD% ‘over-scales’ and naturally generates an even stronger negative correlation between itself and Dbase. Using a data simulation, we show that this FMD%–Dbase correlation can be a statistical artefact due to inappropriate scaling. The new examples we present from MESA indicate that FMD% biases the differences in flow-mediated response between men and women, Framingham risk score categories, and diseased and healthy people. We demonstrate how FMD%, as an exposure for predicting cardiovascular disease, is confounded by its dependency on Dbase, which itself could be clinically important. This critical review, incorporating an allometric analysis of a large dataset, suggests that the FMD% index has a less-than-clear rationale, can itself generate the Dbase-dependency problem, provides biased estimates of differences in the flow-mediated response, complicates the interpretation of the flow-mediated protocol and clouds the causal pathway to vascular disease. These interpretative problems can be resolved by applying accepted allometric principles to the flow-mediated response.
Do children emotionally rehearse about their body image?
Authors: Ling Fiona CM , McManus Alison M , Knowles Gemma , Masters Rich SW , Polman Remco CJ
Published: October 2013

This study examined the association between propensity for emotional rehearsal, body image self-perception and weight status in Chinese Hong Kong pre-adolescents. Children 8–12 years of age ( n = 278) completed measurement of body mass index, body image and emotional rehearsal. Multinomial regression analyses revealed that body mass index was positively associated with body image dissatisfaction and a significant predictor of body size estimation. However, only body size underestimation was associated with lower rehearsal tendencies. The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction and body size estimation was also reported for this population. Future research is suggested for greater understanding of emotional coping in body image dissatisfaction in young children.
Domestic laundering: Environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air quality
Authors: Porteous C. D. A. , Sharpe T. R. , Menon R. , Shearer D. , Musa H. , Baker P. H. , Sanders C. , Strachan P. A. , Kelly N. J. , Markopoulos A.
Published: October 2013

As the UK and Scottish governments aim for zero-carbon housing, with tightly sealed building envelopes becoming paramount, indoor air quality (IAQ) and its implications for health has become a concern. This context relates to a 2008–2011 study, ‘Environmental Assessment of Domestic Laundering’, concerning the prevalence of passive indoor drying (PID). Assessment of PID impacts, shaped by built and social context including occupants’ habits and trends, draws on monitored data from 22 case studies out of a wider survey of 100 dwellings in Glasgow. The smaller group included analysis of air samples and provided scenarios for enhanced dynamic modelling via laboratory work on moisture buffering. The evidence suggests PID has important implications for energy consumption and IAQ; in the latter case because moisture levels are likely to boost dust mite populations and concentrations of airborne mould spores. Thus, findings indicate possible negative impacts on health, and the paper recommends amended standards allied to design guidance for improved practice, as well as further work related to volatile organic compounds.
Size-resolved particle distribution and gaseous concentrations by real-world road tunnel measurement
Authors: Zhu Chun , Li Jing Guang , Wang Lina , Morawska Lidia , Zhang Xu , Zhang Ya Lei
Published: October 2013

Measurements of aerosol particle number (PN) size distributions (15–700 nm), CO and NOx were performed in a bus tunnel, Australia. Daily mean particle size distributions (PSDs) of mixed diesel/compressed natural gas (CNG) buses traffic flow were determined in four consecutive measurement days. Emission factors (EFs) of PSD of diesel buses and CNG buses were obtained by multiple linear regression (MLR) methods, particle distributions of diesel buses and CNG buses were observed as single accumulation mode and nuclei-mode separately. PSDs of mixed traffic flow were decomposed by two log-normal fitting curves for each 30-minutes interval mean scans, all the mix fleet PSD emission can be well fitted by the summation of two log-normal distribution curves, and these were composed of nuclei mode curve and accumulation curve, which were affirmed as the CNG buses and diesel buses PN emission curves, respectively. Finally, PSDs of diesel buses and CNG buses were quantified by statistical whisker-box charts. For log-normal PSD of diesel buses, accumulation mode diameters were 74.5−87.5 nm, geometric standard deviations were 1.89−1.98. As to log-normal PSD of CNG buses, nuclei-mode diameters were 21−24 nm, geometric standard deviations were 1.27−1.31.
Sometimes antagonistic, sometimes ardently sympathetic: Contradictory responses to migrants in postwar Britain
Authors: Nava Mica
Published: October 2013

Most sociological and anthropological studies of UK race relations produced in 1950s stress the wide spectrum of British reactions to new migrants. Yet, recent historians have tended to focus on the racism and xenophobia of the research and period, on the ‘antagonisms’. The ‘ardently sympathetic’ responses referred to by Ruth Glass in 1960, which were evident also in 1950s fiction, film and radical political movements, have often been ignored or misrepresented in order to construct a more dystopian picture. This article examines the cultural and sociopolitical context of the time and argues that the mood was more critical of British insularity and more anti-racist than many recent historians of 1950s Englishness and race relations research allow. This was, in part, the influence of dislocated intellectuals from postwar continental Europe and the commonwealth, white and black, who, radicalised by anti-fascism and decolonisation, contributed to a growing cosmopolitanism.
Directly measured physical activity as a predictor of hospitalizations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zanoria Sheila Jane T. , ZuWallack Richard
Published: October 2013

Patients with clinically stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are physically inactive, and this inactivity appears to be an independent predictor of hospitalizations. To explore this relationship further, we compared physical activity of COPD patients assessed in 2008 to subsequent hospitalizations and mortality. Sixty adults with a history of cigarette smoking, a diagnosis of COPD, a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) of <0.70, and no recent exacerbation were studied. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometerworn on the waist for seven consecutive days and the vector magnitude units (VMUs) that are the sum of movements in three planes over each minute were recorded. Those patients with mean VMU < 170 (the median) were considered to be less physically active, and those with a 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) test of <350 m were considered to have lower functional exercise capacity. These two variables, along with age, gender, and a history of exacerbations in the preceding 12 months, FEV1, body mass index, and supplemental oxygen requirement, were related to subsequent all-cause and respiratory-related hospitalizations that occurred over the ensuing 53 ± 2 months. The mean age was 68 ± 11 years, 50% were male, and the FEV1 was 53 ± 19%. All-cause and respiratory-related hospitalizations occurred in 58 and 35%, respectively. A 6MWD < 350 m and VMU < 170 each significantly predicted subsequent all-cause and respiratory-related hospitalizations in univariate Cox proportional hazards analyses after controlling for previous exacerbations. Both 6MWD < 350 m and VMU < 170 counts remained in a multivariate model predicting respiratory-related hospitalization. These results indicate that both directly measured physical activity and functional exercise capacity are important predictors of hospitalization in COPD.
Development and Clinical Implementation of a Hemostatic Balloon Device for Rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Holman Fabian A. , van der Pant Noortje , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. , Martijnse Ingrid , Jakimowicz Jack , Rutten Harm J. , Goossens Richard H. M.
Published: October 2013

Background. Surgery for locally advanced and recurrent rectal carcinoma can be associated with major blood loss. Objective. We developed a promising technique using a hemostatic balloon to stop uncontrollable bleeding. Design. Models were developed using pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scans, and these models were tested in a cadaveric study. Eventually a model was tested in a clinical setting. The Hemostatic Balloon Device was placed in patients in whom during surgery uncontrollable bleeding from the venous presacral plexus occurred. Settings. A tertiary referral hospital for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer. Patients. Patients receiving multimodality treatment for primary or recurrent locally advanced rectal carcinomas. Main Outcome Measures. First the developed prototypes were tested in a cadaveric study where the developing pressure on the pelvic wall was measured. Second, the Hemostatic Balloon Device was placed in patients in whom during surgery uncontrollable bleeding from the venous presacral plexus occurred. Results. The balloon was used in 9 patients. Median volume of blood loss was 7500 mL. In 8 patients treatment with the hemostatic balloon was successful. In 1 patient the balloon was dislocated cranially and the pelvis was packed with surgical gauzes. Limitations. These first results are promising but further research is needed to evaluate how effective the balloon is in controlling massive bleeding during rectal cancer surgery. Future perspectives include a possibly thinner silicon rubber that can be stretched more easily with a lower inflated volume. Discussion. The hemostatic balloon is a new and promising technique for accomplishing hemostasis with controllable pressure on the pelvic cavity wall and can be removed without the need for a second laparotomy.
Portal Vein Arterialization as a Bridge Procedure Against Acute Liver Failure After Extended Hepatectomy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Qiu Jianguo , Chen Shuting , Pankaj Prasoon , Wu Hong
Published: October 2013

Background. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe and highly fatal complication arising after extended hepatobiliary surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the primary management experience of portal vein arterialization (PVA) as a bridge procedure to reduce the risk of ALF for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) after extended hepatectomy. Method. Between January 2010 and January 2012, 4 patients with HCCA with possible involvement of the right and/or left hepatic artery underwent resectional surgery with reconstruction of the right or left artery blood flow by arterializations of portal vein. Results. The arteries used for this surgical procedure included gastroduodenal artery (n = 2), common hepatic artery (n = 1), and right gastroepiploic artery (n = 1). PVA was verified as a key point during the course of the disorder between surgery and postoperative recovery. During follow-up, 1 patient suffered secondary portal hypertension and was subsequently cured by interventional artery coil embolization. Conclusion. PVA can be indicated where there is arterial involvement in HCCA patients who have undergone extended hepatectomy or trisectionectomy.
Endoscopic Tattooing to Mark Distal Margin for Low Anterior Rectal and Select Sigmoid Resections
Authors: Kirchoff Daniel D. , Hang Joon Ho , Cekic Vesna , Baxter Kathy , Kumar Pranat , Shehebar Josef , Holzman Kevin , Whelan Richard L.
Published: October 2013

Obtaining a reliable distal margin during anterior colorectal resection can be difficult. In this study, endoscopic transmural tattoos were placed to mark the distal transection point in patients with distal colorectal neoplasms who undergo bowel resection. In the operating room, before surgery, sigmoidoscopy is performed with a 2-channel scope using CO2 insufflation. Through channel 1, a biopsy forceps, marked 5 cm from its end, is inserted to the tumor’s distal edge; in channel 2, a sclerotherapy catheter is placed. The scope is then withdrawn and forceps inserted at the same rate until the mark is seen, next, via the needle catheter, 4 tattoos are placed at that level circumferentially. After rectal mobilization, visible external tattoos guide stapler placement. If no tattoo is seen, sigmoidoscopy is done and the tattoos used to guide stapler placement. In all 27 patients, the tattoos guided stapler placement; tattoos were seen via the abdomen in 26 and the stapler placed as per tattoos in 25. In 2 patients, repeat endoscopy was done and tattoos used to guide or confirm stapler placement. The margin was ≤1 cm from target in 74% while in 22% the margin was 2 to 3.5 cm off target (mean deviation from target margin = 0.33 cm). In conclusion, this method facilitates stapler placement and provides more reliable margins.
Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Sieczko Dominic , Edwards Hazel , Heggs Karen , White Donna
Published: October 2013

This case study discusses a recent diagnosis of a rare form of ectopic pregnancy within a Caesarean section scar. Evidence indicates that the prevalence of this form of ectopic pregnancy is escalating due to the increasing number of Caesarean sections performed. As ultrasound plays a major role in diagnosing this rare life-threatening condition, we recommend key points for practitioners to consider for meticulous assessment and accurate diagnosis.
Left-Handedness Among a Community Sample of Psychiatric Outpatients Suffering From Mood and Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Webb Jadon R. , Schroeder Mary I. , Chee Christopher , Dial Deanna , Hana Rebecca , Jefee Hussam , Mays Jacob , Molitor Patrick
Published: October 2013

The human brain develops asymmetrically, such that certain cognitive processes arise predominantly from the left or right side. It has been proposed that variations in this laterality contribute to certain forms of mental illness, such as schizophrenia. A convenient measure of brain laterality is hand dominance, and prior work has found that patients with schizophrenia are more likely to be left-handed than the general population. This finding is not consistent, however, and fewer studies have directly compared handedness between psychiatric diagnoses. We assessed hand dominance in 107 patients presenting to an outpatient psychiatric clinic with diagnoses of a mood or psychotic disorder. The prevalence of left-handedness was 11% for mood disorders, which is similar to the rate in the general population. It was 40% in those with psychotic disorders (adjusted odds ratio = 7.9, p < .001). The prevalence of left-handedness was much higher in psychotic disorders compared with mood disorders in this community mental health sample.
Priming HIV Messages in Kenyan Print Media
Authors: Mogambi Hezron , Kiai Wambui , Ndati Ndeti
Published: October 2013

This paper is an investigation into the role of the print media in combating the HIV epidemic in Kenya. A critical analysis of how this information is covered is necessary to determine whether there is need for change of style in the presentation of this information . This is so because till date, there exists a gap in literature on how preventive knowledge on HIV is presented in the Kenyan print media. The data for this paper was gathered using both quantitative and qualitative designs. The paper relied mainly on the content analysis methodology in which the Daily Nation newspapers were searched for articles on HIV. The Daily Nation was purposively studied for this paper because it has the largest selling publication with the highest circulation and therefore, can adequately represent Kenya’s newspapers. All the issues of the year 2010 were purposively studied and this yielded a total of 365 copies for this paper. Findings of this paper indicate that the print media in Kenya lack consistency in the coverage of HIV issues. They also lack a clear editorial policy on the coverage of the epidemic that could guide in a sustained and effective method of coverage of the epidemic. Prominence of the HIV articles, which is a very crucial aspect in coverage, is also found to be lacking. This paper recommends that the print media should focus on consistency in their coverage… It is The print media should involve the general public, including people living with HIV in the discussion of the epidemic.
Executive Function, Identity, and Career Decision-Making in College Students
Authors: Welsh Marilyn , Schmitt-Wilson Sarah
Published: October 2013

This study examined the relationship among executive function, identity, and career decision-making as self-reported by 82 college students. Participants were administered measures of executive function, identity status, career decision-making, and an index of verbal intelligence. After controlling for intelligence, self-reported difficulties with the metacognitive component of executive function were related to lower levels of identity achievement and higher levels of moratorium and diffusion. Difficulties with behavioral regulation were associated with higher levels of moratorium and foreclosure. Hierarchical multiple regressions with backward elimination indicated that individual differences in career certainty was best explained by metacognitive control and identity achievement. In contrast, variation in career uncertainty was predicted by verbal intelligence, behavior regulation, and low and high scores on identity achievement and diffusion, respectively. These preliminary results fill a gap in the current literature on career decision-making, suggesting the importance of executive function skills to this milestone process in the lives of emerging adults.
Evidence for the Latent Factor Structure of the MSLQ
Authors: Hilpert Jonathan C. , Stempien Jennifer , van der Hoeven Kraft Katrien J. , Husman Jenefer
Published: October 2013

The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) has a long history of use in educational psychology, yet few studies have examined the latent factor structure of the entire scale using data from a single administration of the instrument. Although using the subscales individually was encouraged by the creators of the instrument, the practice has produced piecemeal evidence for the latent factor structure. In the current study, we administered all 15 subscales of the MSLQ to a large population of postsecondary students enrolled in introductory geoscience courses and used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the latent factor structures described in previous MSLQ literature. Faced with unsatisfactory evidence for the hypothesized structures, we describe our respecification process and provide some commentary on a more parsimonious latent factor structure that may be of use in similar research projects.
Effect of interpass temperature on residual stresses in multipass welds produced using low transformation temperature filler alloy
Authors: Ramjaun T. , Stone H. J. , Karlsson L. , Kelleher J. , Moat R. J. , Kornmeier J. R. , Dalaei K. , Bhadeshia H. K. D. H.
Published: October 2013

Weld filler alloys that exploit transformation plasticity through low austenite to martensite transformation temperatures offer an effective method of reducing residual stresses in strong steel welds. However, in multipass welds, the heat input from later weld passes may be insufficient to retransform prior welding passes, leading to the accumulation of thermally induced strains and elevated residual stresses. In this work, the residual stress distributions produced around arc welds fabricated with a martensitic weld filler alloy that transforms at a low temperature have been studied as a function of the number of passes deposited and the interpass temperature. It is found that when the interpass temperature is above the transformation temperature of the weld metal, the entire multipass weld transforms as a single entity, thus permitting the optimum exploitation of the transformation plasticity. In contrast, the deposition of new metal with a relatively low interpass temperature leads to increased residual stresses in the underlying layers, reducing or eliminating the beneficial stress states previously created.
Effects of concavity on tensile and fatigue properties in fibre laser welding of automotive steels
Authors: Westerbaan D. , Parkes D. , Nayak S. S. , Chen D. L. , Biro E. , Goodwin F. , Zhou Y.
Published: October 2013

DP980 dual phase and high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels were welded, using fibre laser, with varying amounts of concavity to determine its effects on the tensile and fatigue properties. Higher concavity, 25 to 35%, was observed to reduce the tensile strength of the DP980 welds, while not affecting the tensile strength of HSLA welds. All welds exhibited lower fatigue resistance compared to their base metals. However, DP980 welds with higher concavity (25 to 35%) exhibited even lower fatigue resistance while HSLA welds showed similar performance regardless of changes in concavity. Concavity could be minimised by reducing welding power and increasing the welding speed.
Effect of welding speed on microstructural and mechanical properties of laser lap weld joints in dissimilar Al and Cu sheets
Authors: Lee S J. , Nakamura H. , Kawahito Y. , Katayama S.
Published: October 2013

Conventional fusion welding of aluminium and copper dissimilar materials is difficult because of poor weldability arising from the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds on the weld zone as well as different chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of welded joints. Joining of Al and Cu plates or sheets offers a metallurgical challenge due to unavoidable formation of brittle intermetallic compounds. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively suppress the formation and growth of Al–Cu intermetallic compounds. For welding of dissimilar Al and Cu sheets, no systematic work has been conducted to reduce these defects. Thus, this paper focuses on the effect of welding speed on the quality of a lap weld joint in the Al and Cu sheets with a single mode fibre laser. It was found that consequently sound strong weld joints could be produced by suppressing the formation of intermetallic compounds in the interface zone at extremely high speeds.
Facile synthesis of nickel nanowires under magnetic field
Authors: Li M. , Xie K. N. , Ye J. W. , Wu Y. Z. , Li L.
Published: October 2013

Nickel nanowires were prepared by a magnetic field assisted method. An external magnetic field was applied to direct the growth of nanowires and to avoid overgrowing in diameter. The microstructure of the prepared Ni nanowires was examined by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The characterised results indicated that the application of an external weak magnetic field resulted in the self-alignment of Ni nanoparticles with a preferential orientation and led to the formation of Ni nanowires of 95±10 nm in diameter. The present study could provide a facile route to prepare Ni nanowires in a large scale.
Multiaxial cyclic viscoplasticity model for high temperature fatigue of P91 steel
Authors: Barrett R. A. , Farragher T. P. , O'Dowd N. P. , O'Donoghue P. E. , Leen S. B.
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a novel multiaxial, cyclic viscoplasticity material model for high temperature low cycle fatigue of P91 power plant steel. The model incorporates mechanisms-based variable strain-rate sensitivity and the key high temperature cyclic deformation phenomena of cyclic softening and non-linear kinematic hardening. The model has been calibrated to accurately represent the cyclic high temperature constitutive behaviour of ‘as received’ P91 steel. Details on the material Jacobian, with the consistent tangent stiffness for finite element implementation, are presented. The multiaxial implementation is applied to a notched specimen under strain-controlled loading at 600°C and a thin walled pipe under representative pressurised thermomechanical fatigue loading conditions. It is shown that the model for variable strain-rate sensitivity of the present paper predicts significantly different Coffin–Manson notch fatigue life compared to the Chaboche power law model. Ratchetting is shown to be a key candidate failure mechanism for next generation thermomechanical power plant loading conditions, for thin walled pressurised pipes.