bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Novel Approach for Inhibiting Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Al-Musawi Sharafaldin , Almansorri Abbas. K. , Al-Shirifi Hider. M. H. , Ahmed Bara B , Haider Adawiya J.
Published: March 2024

Nanotechnology products such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) can be used for viral infections because of their unique characteristics. The current study aimed to determine the impact of TiO2-NPs on HPV type 1 and 2 infections. The characterization of these NPs was performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The MTT assay was used to determine the toxic impacts of TiO2-NPs on BHK-21 cells. The efficiency of TiO2-NPs was performed using several parameters, including TCID50 and RT-PCR assays. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed to estimate the inhibitory impact of TiO2-NPs on viral antigen expression, and Acyclovir was used as a reference medicine. When the human papilloma type 1 and 2 viruses exposed to TiO2-NPs at high doses (100 μg/mL) produced 0.3, 1.1, 2.3, and 3.3 log10 TCID50 decreases in infective virus load when compared with control viruses (P<0.0001), these TiO2-NPs doses were related to 24.9%, 35.1%, 47.2%, 59.5%, and 66.6% inhibition percentages that were determined depending on the viral titer as compared to virus control. It is concluded that TiO2-NPs have strong potential for the treatment of face and labial lesions caused by papillomaviruses 1 and 2 and could be used in topical formulations.
Indications for the Substantial Predominance of Short-Range Effects on Inelastic Coulomb Form Factors for Various States in the 26Mg Nucleus
Authors: Al-Rahmani Altaf A. , Fadhil Sanna N. , Hamoudi Adel K.
Published: March 2024

Short-range effects on C2, C3, as well as C4 form factors in the 26Mg nucleus, were examined. The charge density distribution in this nucleus was also tested by means of one and two body fragments of cluster enlargement in cooperation with single-particle wave functions of harmonic potential. The correlation of Jastrow form was employed to inset the influence of short-range into the two body fragment of cluster enlargement. The nucleus of 26Mg was assumed to own a 16O-core with (A-16) nucleons dispersed over the sd-model space. The form factors in 26Mg nucleus ascend from the core-polarization and model space involvements. The form of Tassie model, subject to the charge density, was used to determine the transition density of core polarization. The one body density matrix elements required for determining the transition density of model space for various transitions in 26Mg were found via carrying out shell model computations using the OXBASH program with the universal-sd interaction of Wildenthal. The present calculations were subjected to the oscillator and correlation parameters symbolized by  and  respectively. These parameters are self-sufficiently generated for every specific nucleus by fitting between the calculated and observed elastic form factors. For determining the charge density, elastic form factors and inelastic Coulomb form factors for dissimilar excited states in 26Mg, one value is needed for  and  This study shows indications for the substantial predominance of short-range influences on current computations, where considering these influences look to be requisite for carrying out a distinguished adjustment in calculated results which ultimately leads to a remarkable explication of the data throughout all the considered momentum transfers.
Improving the Performance of Titanium Oxide Nanocomposites as NO2 Gas Sensors for Optimum Sensitivity
Authors: Nemea Ameer A. , Al-Abdaly Basim I.
Published: March 2024

In this study, we investigate the performance improvement of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanocomposites as NO2 gas sensors for optimum sensitivity. The TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized using a solvothermal method and were modified with different dopants and additives to enhance their sensing properties. The sensing performance of the TiO2 nanocomposites was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and recovery time. The synthesized nanocomposites were successfully characterized using AFM, FTIR, SEM-EDX and XRD techniques. The results showed that the addition of additives such as TiO2/GO, TiO2-Ag/GO and TiO2- Al2O3/GO: TiO2/GO significantly improved the sensing properties of the TiO2 nanocomposites. The Ag-doped TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited the highest sensitivity towards NO2 gas with a very low detection limit. The Al2O3-doped TiO2 nanocomposites showed good selectivity towards NO2 gas compared to other interfering gases and has led to increase in the surface area. In conclusion, the addition of additives and the optimization of the annealing temperature can significantly improve the sensing properties of TiO2 nanocomposites towards NO2 gas. The findings of this study can contribute to the development of highly sensitive and selective NO2 gas sensors for various applications such as environmental monitoring and industrial safety.
Determination of Timewise-Source Coefficient in Time-Fractional Reaction-Diffusion Equation from First Order Heat Moment
Authors: Ibraheem Qutaiba W. , Hussein M.S.
Published: March 2024

This article aims to determine the time-dependent heat coefficient together with the temperature solution for a type of semi-linear time-fractional inverse source problem by applying a method based on the finite difference scheme and Tikhonov regularization. An unconditionally stable implicit finite difference scheme is used as a direct (forward) solver. While by the MATLAB routine lsqnonlin from the optimization toolbox, the inverse problem is reformulated as nonlinear least square minimization and solved efficiently. Since the problem is generally incorrect or ill-posed that means any error inclusion in the input data will produce a large error in the output data. Therefore, the Tikhonov regularization technique is applied to obtain stable and accurate results. Finally, to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of our scheme, two benchmark test problems have been considered, and its good working with different noise levels.
An Analytic Model for COVID-19 Cases in Iran and Its Neighbors Using Deep Learning and Time Series Methods
Authors: Abedi Razieyeh , Rahsepar Frad Kheirolah
Published: March 2024

Since the pandemic of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019, it has rapidly become a major global health concern. Various mutations and rapid spread of the virus, a lack of specific treatment, and limited hospital facilities highlight the importance of anticipation, risk analysis, and timely treatment. The use of mathematical models, artificial intelligence, and simulation methods are effective tools in predicting the spread and providing effective solutions to prevent virus transmission. Analysis and forecasting require an integrated model to cover different aspects of the problem and use different methods to obtain appropriate results.
   In this research, a proposed model for analysis and prediction of COVID-19 cases in Iran and neighboring countries is presented. The performance of mathematical and deep learning models in the proposed model has been evaluated using data from Johns Hopkins University from January 29, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Evaluation of the predictive outcomes of daily cases was performed using RMSE criteria. Then, the effect of the trend of cases in neighboring countries of Iran on the rate of new cases in this country has been studied. These models can help governments predict the number of infections to provide the necessary solutions and prevent a new wave of the virus.
Finding the Best Route for Connecting Citizens with Service Centers in Baghdad Based on NN Technology
Authors: Ali Nibras A.Mohammed , Mohammed Faisel G. , Mohammed Sajaa G.
Published: March 2024

A geographic information system (GIS) is a very effective management and analysis tool. Geographic locations rely on data. The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the interpretation of natural resource data has been shown to be beneficial. Back-propagation neural networks are one of the most widespread and prevalent designs. The combination of geographic information systems with artificial neural networks provides a method for decreasing the cost of landscape change studies by shortening the time required to evaluate data. Numerous designs and kinds of ANNs have been created; the majority of them are PC-based service domains. Using the ArcGIS Network Analyst add-on, you can locate service regions around any network site. A network service area is a region that comprises all accessible roadways (that is, routes that are within defined impedance) (that is, streets that are within specified impedance). In contrast to the Google Maps application, the 5-minute service area for a site on a network comprises all streets that can be accessed within five minutes.
Metal Complexes of Adenine Azo Ligand: Synthesis, Identification and Study some of their Applications
Authors: Abd Zaid Zuhair , Abbas Alyaa Khider
Published: March 2024

This scientific paper presents two novel lanthanide metal complexes [Sm (III) and Ce (IV)] synthesized through a series of reactions involving organic ligand 8-[3-(pyrazoyl)azo]adenine (PAA). Ligand (PAA) and their complexes were characterized using various analytical techniques, including C.H.N.S elemental analysis, magnetic measurement, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, SEM, (TGA) UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and HNMR analysis. These techniques were employed to support the mode of binding and geometrical structure for ligand (PAA) and its Lanthanide (Ln) complexes. The FTIR and HNMR spectral results showed that   (PAA) acts as neutral N,N-bidentate with [Sm (III) and Ce (IV)]. The geometric shape of the synthesized Ln-complexes is octahedral. Also, TGA was used to investigate the thermal behavior of ligand and its complex. The results showed that the ligand dissociated in three steps, while the complex dissociated in five steps. This indicates that the complex is more thermally stable than the ligand, likely due to the formation of strong coordination bonds between the ligand and the metal ions. These findings can contribute to the understanding of the thermal stability of metal complexes and inform the design of new metal-based materials with desirable properties. Finally, this paper examined the antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities of PAA and its complexes. The results indicated that all of these compounds exhibited significant activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens, as well as cancer cells.
EXTERNAL VENTRICULAR DRAINAGE FOR MALIGNANT ISCHEMIC STROKE: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, SEHWEIL S.M.
Published: March 2024

Malignant ischemic stroke (MIS) in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the most severe form of supratentorial ischemia. Its conservative therapy is accompanied by a high mortality rate, which may reach 80%. A more effective method of treatment is decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH). However, its implementation is limited by strict indications and several contraindications. In connection with the above, an urgent task is to find an effective method of treating this category of patients. The paper presents a clinical case of successful external ventricular drainage (EVD) in a patient with ischemia affecting the total left MCA territory. Keywords: External ventricular drainage, malignant ischemic stroke, middle cerebral artery, cerebral edema, clinical case.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON VITAMIN D LEVELS IN CHILDREN OF RYAZAN
Authors:   Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course of Pediatric of the Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan, Russian Federation, BELYKH N.A. , PIZNYUR I.V. ,   Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course of Pediatric of the Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan, Russian Federation, MAYBORODA V.V. ,   Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course of Pediatric of the Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan, Russian Federation, SOLOVYOVA O.A. ,   Department of Faculty and Polyclinic Pediatrics with the Course of Pediatric of the Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan, Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic on serum 25(OH)D levels in children permanently residing in Ryazan. Methods: The study included 279 children aged 2 to 17, who were divided into two groups: in Group 1, serum 25(OH)D level was tested before the COVID-19 pandemic, while in Group 2, it was assessed during a pandemic. Results: The median serum 25(OH)D level in children of Group 1 was 1.4 times higher than in Group 2 (22.8 ng/ml vs. 16.6 ng/ml, p=0.004). The share of children with vitamin D (VD) deficiency during the pandemic home stay increased 1.4 times, while the percentage of children with optimal VD status decreased by three times. A statistically significant decrease in the median serum 25(OH)D during the pandemic was observed in children aged 2-3 years and 4-6 years (p<0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 movement restrictions significantly decreased serum 25(OH)D levels in children. Keywords: Children, vitamin D, restrictive measures, COVID-19 pandemic.
MODERN VIEW ON REHABILITATION OF CANCER PATIENTS
Authors:   Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Imaging, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, SANGINOV D.R. , KHUSEYNZODA Z.KH. ,   Republican Scientific Oncology Center, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, GAYRATOVA N.K. ,   Republican Scientific Oncology Center, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, NIYAZOV I.K. ,   Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Imaging, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan,   Republican Scientific Oncology Center, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: March 2024

The literature review evaluates the rehabilitation measures in the country's oncological institutions, assesses regulations in other countries, and scientific publications related to the rehabilitation of cancer patients. Studies were analysed using electronic databases PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, e-Library, RSL. Over 47,900 sources were found, of which 50 papers over the past ten years were selected and included in the article. The criteria for inclusion were the rehabilitation of cancer patients, stages of rehabilitation, pre-rehabilitation, nutritional support, psychological assistance, and quality of patients’ life. Considering the urgency of the problem, WHO 2017 took the initiative and adopted the Rehabilitation 2030 program, which provides expanding global access to high-quality rehabilitation as an essential health service for people with non-communicable diseases. According to summarized data, rehabilitation is based on the following principles: stage-by-stage process, consistency, complexity, and individual approach. The stages of medical rehabilitation of cancer patients include pre-rehabilitation; stage I – a period of specialized treatment; stage II – rehabilitation in a hospital setting after discharge; and stage III – early and late rehabilitation periods. An analysis of the situation in Tajikistan showed that in oncology-related institutions, rehabilitation of cancer patients is carried out within the framework of existing protocols for individual nosology, where a set of measures for the stages of rehabilitation is not sufficiently developed. A practical assessment of the effectiveness of rehabilitation is not set up. The stereotype about limiting the use of physiotherapy and sanatorium-resort treatment for cancer patients persists. There are no regulations for comprehensive rehabilitation of cancer patients. The need to optimize treatment results, prolong the survival of patients with various functional disorders, and improve the quality of life dictates the necessity for the development and systematic implementation of comprehensive rehabilitation of cancer patients. Keywords: Cancer patients, rehabilitation, stages of rehabilitation, pre-rehabilitation, nutritional support, psychological assistance, quality of life.
EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETIOPATHOGENESIS, AND HEMOSTASIS PROCEDURES IN RECURRENT EPISTAXIS
Authors:   Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, NEMATZODA O. , AKHROROVA Z.A. ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Republic of Tajikistan, SULTANOV D.D. ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 2 named after Academician N.U. Usmanov, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Republic of Tajikistan, UBAYDULLO I. ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: March 2024

Objective: To examine the literature on epidemiology, etiology, and treatment strategies for recurrent nosebleeds (RNB, epistaxis). Methods: Using information portals and platforms, including Elibrary.ru, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane.org, we searched for specific keywords related to epistasis, including nosebleeds, recurrent nosebleeds, etiology, hemostasis methods, epistaxis, recurrent epistaxis, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, treatment. We analyzed sixty-eight English and Russian scientific papers, excluding RNB articles on blood diseases, cancer, nasal injuries, and post-surgical interventions. Results: The prevalence rate of RNB remains unknown, with studies focusing on single institutions or regions. Epistasis relapse rates range from 5.9% to 30.5%, varying by cause and treatment methods. Most cases involve anterior epistaxis (90%), while 12.4% to 34.8% experience more severe posterior bleeding. Factors like arterial hypertension (AH), anticoagulant use, and environmental factors contribute to RNB. Severe cases may require hospitalization (6% to 8.2%), with 10.7% facing a third relapse needing vessel ligation or embolization. Around 0.25% to 4.8% of RNB patients may succumb due to complications or excessive bleeding. Conclusion: Research focused on understanding the reasons and procedures for treating RNB remains essential, as the condition can be life-threatening. Recurrence of epistaxis after different RNB treatments may require more extreme vessel-ligating surgeries. Therefore, improving treatment outcomes by adopting a personalized approach to selecting hemostasis methods and addressing the underlying causes of RNB is crucial. Keywords: Recurrent epistaxis, etiology, pathogenesis, hemostasis methods, nasal tamponade.
Investigation of long lateral mass screw insertion torque
Authors: Watanabe Seiya , Nakanishi Kazuo , Sugimoto Yoshihisa , Uchino Kazuya , Iba Hideaki
Published: March 2024

Background:

Here, we assessed a new trajectory and insertion torque for the placement of a long lateral mass screw (LLMS) that offers stronger posterior fixation versus a shorter lateral mass screw (LMS) in the posterior cervical spine. We report a short technical note of the insertion torque of LLMS.

Methods:

The insertion trajectory/torque was evaluated in 30 patients (10 males and 20 females) undergoing posterior cervical LLMS fusions (2021–2023). Patients averaged 65 years of age. Pathology included eight cervical spine injuries, ten cord injuries, four dislocations/fractures, and eight other entities. Variables studied included the length of the LLMS inserted from C3–7, screw deviation rates, insertion torque, and adverse events.

Results:

A total of 146 screws were inserted: 11 pedicle screws (PSs) and 135 LLMS. The average insertion torque was 105.9 cNm for PS and 64.9 cNm for LLMS. As the screw lengthened by 1 mm, the insertion torque increased by approximately 4.4 cNm.

Conclusion:

Here, we documented that the insertion torque of LLMS was 66.1 cNm, greater than the 51.0 cNm for LMS, which should provide stronger posterior cervical fixation.
Association of ADC of hyperintense lesions on FLAIR images with TERT promoter mutation status in glioblastoma IDH wild type
Authors: Kamimura Shigeru , Mitobe Yuta , Nakamura Kazuki , Matsuda Kenichiro , Kanemura Yonehiro , Kanoto Masafumi , Futakuchi Mitsuru , Sonoda Yukihiko
Published: March 2024

Background:

Although mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter (TERTp) are the most common alterations in glioblastoma (GBM), predicting TERTp mutation status by preoperative imaging is difficult. We determined whether tumour-surrounding hyperintense lesions on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) were superior to those of contrast-enhanced lesions (CELs) in assessing TERTp mutation status using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods:

This retrospective study included 114 consecutive patients with primary isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type GBM. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and volume of CELs and FLAIR hyperintense lesions (FHLs) were determined, and the correlation between MRI features and TERTp mutation status was analyzed. In a subset of cases, FHLs were histopathologically analyzed to determine the correlation between tumor cell density and ADC.

Results:

TERTp mutations were present in 77 (67.5%) patients. The minimum ADC of FHLs was significantly lower in the TERTp-mutant group than in the TERTp-wild-type group (mean, 958.9 × 10−3 and 1092.1 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively, P < 0.01). However, other MRI features, such as CEL and FHL volumes, minimum ADC of CELs, and FHL/CEL ratio, were not significantly different between the two groups. Histopathologic analysis indicated high tumor cell density in FHLs with low ADC.

Conclusion:

The ADC of FHLs was significantly lower in IDH-wild-type GBM with TERTp mutations, suggesting that determining the ADC of FHLs on preoperative MRI might be helpful in predicting TERTp mutation status and surgical planning.
Primary extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type B-cell lymphoma involving the dura: A case report
Authors: Hamamoto Ryo , Kawasaki Toshinari , Oda Masashi , Sumiyoshi Sosuke , Hayashi Kosuke , Kobayashi Tamaki , Ioroi Yoshihiko , Uchiyama Tatsuki , Takayama Motohiro , Saiki Masaaki
Published: March 2024

Background:

Primary extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type B-cell lymphoma (EMZMBCL), which presents as a dural mass, is a rare intracranial tumor that mimics a subdural hematoma or meningioma.

Case Description:

A 49-year-old woman presented to our hospital with transient right upper limb paresis, dysarthria for 10 min, and ongoing right upper-limb numbness. Computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed extra-axial lesions in the left frontal and parietal lobes. Based on the initial CT findings in the emergency room, an acute subdural hematoma was suspected. However, meningiomas and other intracranial tumors were also listed as differential diagnoses because there was no history of head trauma or coagulation abnormalities on blood examination, and further imaging studies were performed. Imaging findings suggested a subdural neoplastic lesion. A partial resection was performed for the lesion. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, the patient was diagnosed with EMZMBCL. Whole-brain and intensity-modulated radiation therapies were administered as adjuvant therapies. The patient was discharged without neurological deficits.

Conclusion:

EMZMBCL is a rare disease that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subdural lesions, especially when there is no history of trauma or abnormalities in the coagulation system. The patient had a favorable outcome after selecting radiotherapy as the adjuvant therapy.
Efektivitas Modul Pembelajaran Tafsir Tarbawi Berbasis Model Team Based Project
Authors: Harahap Musaddad , Sari Siregar Lina Maya , Yunita Yenni , Permata Sari Diana Irma
Published: March 2024

Tafsir tarbawi merupakan mata kuliah yang berisi pesan Al-Qur’an tentang pendidikan. Bila dilihat fakta saat ini, pesan-pesan tafsir tarbawi ini sering tidak mendapat perhatian serius di kalangan mahasiswa. Sikap demikian sangat tidak mencerminkan karakter calon pendidik muslim. Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas modul tafsir tarbawi berbasis model team based project di Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam, Universitas Islam Riau. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengembangkan modul pembelajaran tafsir tarbawi berbasis model team based project. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development) dengan tipe Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluations (ADDIE). Sumber data diperoleh dari angket, saran ahli, dan tes. Analisis data menggunakan presentase dan eksprimen tipe desain one group pretest/posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pesan tafsir tarbawi yang dikembangkan dalam modul pembelajaran berbasis team based project sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Hal ini didasarkan pada hasil uji paired samples t-Tes, yaitu terdapat nilai mean pretest 39,60 dan nilai mean posttest 88,67. Interval skor 39,60 dengan 88,67 adalah sebesar 49,07. Artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai pretest dengan posttest. Kemudian dari hasil uji paired samples t-Tes juga, ditemukan nilai sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000<0,05. Kesimpulannya terdapat peningkatkan hasil pembelajaran mahasiswa setelah menggunakan modul pembelajaran tafsir tarbawi berbasis team based project.
الانتحار الأسباب والدوافع وطرق الوقاية والعلاج
Authors: زعاترة إنعام عيد محمد , الحلاق إياد سليم عبدالرزاق
Published: March 2024

تعد ظاهرة الانتحار من القضايا الحساسة التي تتطلب فهماً عميقاً للدوافع والأسباب التي تقف وراء هذا السلوك البشري المأساوي. يتطلب التعامل مع هذا الموضوع بشكل شامل لتقديم نظرة متوازنة تتيح لنا الفهم والوقاية. في هذا المقال، سنستعرض مجموعة من الدوافع والأسباب التي قد تدفع بالأفراد نحو اتخاذ قرارات تتسم باليأس. ومنها الدوافع النفسية: والتي تتمثل في الاكتئاب واضطرابات النفس حيثُ تُعد من أبرز الدوافع النفسية للانتحار. إضافة إلى القلق والضغوط النفسية حيثُ يعيش بعض الأفراد ضمن بيئات تمتلئ بالضغوط النفسية والقلق، مما يؤثر سلباً على صحتهم العقلية ويجعلهم عرضة للانتحار كوسيلة للهروب من هذه الضغوط. العوامل الاجتماعية: والتي تتمثل في العزلة الاجتماعية التي تُعتبر عاملاً مؤثراً حيث يفتقد الفرد للدعم الاجتماعي اللازم والذي يمكن أن يكون عاملاً حيوياً في مواجهة التحديات. العوامل الثقافية: وتتمثل بالتقاليد والتوقعات الاجتماعية التي تلعب دوراً كبيراً في تشكيل الرؤية الذاتية للأفراد، وقد يشعر بعضهم باليأس إذا لم يتمكنوا من تحقيق تلك التوقعات. كما أن بعض الثقافات تحمل تحديات إضافية في التحدث عن الصحة النفسية، مما يؤدي إلى تجاهل الأمور النفسية وتفاقم المشكلات.
دور النخب الحاكمة في تفاقم التمييز العرقي والطائفي، وتأثيره على اندلاع الحركات الاجتماعية خلال الموجة الثانية من الربيع العربي بالسودان
Authors: الزغاري فريدة
Published: March 2024

تبحث هذه الورقة في السياسات والسلوكيات التي اعتمدتها النخبة الحاكمة في السودان قبل وأثناء الربيع العربي للحفاظ على سلطتها، وذلك من خلال تقديم تحليل عميق لدور النخب الحاكمة في تقسيم السودان على أسس عرقية وإثنية للحفاظ على مكانتها؛ وذلك من خلال اعتماد النخبة إلى استغلال الهوية العرقية والطائفية للبلاد لخدمة مصالحها الخاصة، غالبًا على حساب إضعاف الهوية الوطنية. كما تعالج الورقة دور الدولة الفاشلة في انتشار القمع والانتهاكات الخطيرة، فضلاً عن التمييز السياسي والاقتصادي والثقافي والعنصري. كما تبحث الدراسة بالاعتماد منهج العرض والتحليل في الاستخدام الاستراتيجي للانقسامات العرقية والإثنية من قبل النخبة الحاكمة لإدامة سلطتها، وفي كيف لعبت الصراعات العرقية والطائفية الناتجة دورًا مهمًا في تراجع السودان؛ بحيث كان من المفترض أن يكون هذا البلد وفقا لمؤهلاته وموارده الطبيعية الوفيرة، من بين الدول المتقدمة، ولكن الانقسامات الداخلية أعاقت تقدمه. بعبارة أخرى، تظهر الدراسة أهمية تعزيز الهوية الوطنية المشتركة كآلية لتحقيق الإصلاح وتجاوز الانقسامات الداخلية في السودان من أجل تعزيز الوحدة الوطنية.
واقع تطبيق معلمات رياض الأطفال معيار التطور اللغوي والمعرفة المبكرة للقراءة والكتابة في التدريس من وجهة نظر المشرفات التربويات بمدينة الرياض
Authors: العريفي هلالة محمد , الدهيمان هيلة خلف
Published: March 2024

يسعى هذا البحث لتقييم مدى تطبيق معايير تنمية اللغة ومهارات القراءة المبكرة لدى معلمات رياض الأطفال الإناث في مدينة الرياض، وفقًا لإدراك المشرفات التربويات الإناث. تم استخدام منهج المسح، مع عينة تتكون من 37 مشرفة تعليمية في رياض الأطفال. تم جمع البيانات باستخدام استبيان منظم حول ثلاثة مجالات رئيسية: الاستماع، والتحدث، والقراءة والكتابة. تشير النتائج إلى النقاط الرئيسية التالية: (1) تظهر معلمات رياض الأطفال الإناث مستوى عالٍ من الكفاءة في تطبيق معايير تنمية اللغة ومهارات القراءة المبكرة، حيث تحتل مهارات الاستماع والتحدث المرتبة الأولى بنسبة 89.3%، تليها مهارات القراءة بنسبة 86.6%، ومهارات الكتابة بنسبة 84.9% . (2) ترى المشرفات التربويات درجة عالية جدًا من الكفاءة بين معلمات رياض الأطفال الإناث في تطبيق مهارات الاستماع والتحدث بما يتماشى مع معايير التعلم النمائي. (3) وبالمثل، يُلاحظ وجود درجة عالية جدًا من الكفاءة في تطبيق مهارات القراءة. (4) تظهر معلمات رياض الأطفال الإناث مستوى عالٍ جدًا من الكفاءة في تطبيق مهارات الكتابة والتحدث وفقًا لمعايير التعلم النمائي، وفقًا لإدراك المشرفات التربويات.
أثر استخدام الأنشطة الإلكترونية التفاعلية في الدافعية نحو التعلم والتحصيل الدراسي في مقرر الحاسب وتقنية المعلومات لدى طالبات الصف الأول الثانوي
Authors: الشمهاني منال محمد , آل مسعد أحمد زيد
Published: March 2024

هدفَ هذا البحث إلى التعرف على أثر استخدام الأنشطة الإلكترونية التفاعلية في تدريس مقرر الحاسب وتقنية المعلومات على: الدافعية نحو التعلم، وتنمية التحصيل الدراسي، لدى طالبات الصف الأول الثانوي. واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج شبه التجريبي، وتكونت أدوات البحث من اختبار تحصيلي ومقياس الدافعية نحو التعلم، وقد اشتمل مجتمع البحث على جميع طالبات الصف الأول الثانوي في المدارس الثانوية التابعة لمكتب تعليم الحرس الوطني بالرياض في الفصل الأول من العام الدراسي 1440/1441 هـ وعددهن (570) طالبة، تم اختيار عينة مكونة من (60) طالبة من طالبات ثانوية فاطمة بنت محمد بالحرس الوطني، بطريقة قصدية مثّل أحدهما المجموعة التجريبية (30) طالبة، ومثّل الآخر المجموعة الضابطة (30) طالبة، من فصول الصف الأول الثانوي التي تدرس مقرر (الحاسب وتقنية المعلومات). وقد أظهرت نتائج البحث حصول طالبات المجموعة التجريبية اللاتي دُرِّسنَ باستخدام الأنشطة الإلكترونية التفاعلية على درجات أعلى من طالبات المجموعة الضابطة اللاتي دُرِّسنَ بالطريقة المعتادة، في مجمل الاختبار التحصيلي، كما حصلت طالبات التجريبية على درجات أعلى من طالبات المجموعة الضابطة اللاتي دُرِّسنَ بالطريقة المعتادة في بعض أبعاد الاختبار التحصيلي: التذكر، التحليل، التطبيق، بالإضافة إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مقياس الدافعية لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. وبناءً على هذه النتائج أوصت الباحثة بتشجيع الطالبات على استخدام الأنشطة الإلكترونية التفاعلية لتنفيذ المهام التعليمية؛ والاستفادة من أدوات الرسم الإلكتروني التي توفرها برامج الأنشطة الإلكترونية التفاعلية.
أثر الكفاءة التدريسية لمدرسي مادة العلوم وتوجهاتهم تجاه دور برنامج إعداد المعلم للمرحلة الأساسية في الخرطوم
Authors: يوسف تغريد محمد
Published: March 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى عكس واقع برنامج إعداد معلمين مادة العلوم للمرحلة الأساسية في الخرطوم من وجهة نظر المعلمين، حيث استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في المدارس الحكومية السودانية. وقد شارك في الدراسة عينة عشوائية طبقية مكونة من 334 معلما ومعلمة. وتضمنت أدوات جمع البيانات استبانة للمعلمين. أظهرت الدرسة العديد من النتائج؛ وأهمها؛ أنه لا يجود علاقة ذو دلالة احصائية عن مستوى الدلالة (0.05 = α) بين كل من العمر، المؤهل الأكاديمي، والخبرة على دور برنامج إعداد المعلم للمرحلة الأساسية في رفع الكفاءة التدريسية في الخرطوم حيث كانت الدالة الاحصائية لمتغير العمر 0.401 وكما أن الدالة الاحصائية لمتغير المؤهل العلمي 0.846، والخبرة 0.791. وأما فيما يخص متغير الجنس فقط بينت الدراسة أنه يوجد علاقة ذو دلالة احصائية عن مستوى الدلالة (0.05 = α) حيث كانت الدالة الاحصائية 0.000. وكما يتبين لنا مما تقدم أن التدريب المتاح للمعلمين ليس كافيا لاحتياجات المعلمين، وكما أنه لا يتميز التخطيط بالمرونة والإبداع المطلوبين، وكما أن أهداف البرنامج التدريبي غير قابلة للقياس، وحيث تبين أنه لا يتميز المحتوى التدريبي بالتوازن بين الإعداد الأكاديمي والمهني، وكما أنه هناك مشكلات وقضايا تواجه تدريب المعلمين أثناء الخدمة. وفي ضوء هذه النتائج تم التوصل إلى بعض التوصيات أهمها؛ ربط الدورات التدريبية باحتياجات المعلمين الحقيقية. يجب أن يتم التخطيط للتدريب من قبل خبراء، وأن يتم بناء أهداف التعلم بطريقة إجرائية، ويجب أن تكون قابلة للقياس، ويجب أن يشمل تقييم الدورات التدريبية الجانب النظري والعملي.
Bovine Tuberculosis Remains a Major Public Health Concern: A Review
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia, AG Lema , IE Dame ,   Meta Robi Woreda Livestock and Fishery Development and Resource Office, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

The bacterium Mycobacterium bovis, which is closely related to the human bacteria and avian tuberculosis, causes bovine tuberculosis, a chronic disease of animals. Tuberculosis in cattle is usually a chronic, debilitating disease, but it can also be acute and rapidly progressing. In less developed countries, bovine tuberculosis is still prevalent, and cattle fatalities, chronic disease, and trade restrictions can result in significant economic losses. Test-and-slaughter or test-and-segregation strategies can be used to control bovine tuberculosis. The tuberculin test is commonly used to re-test affected herds in order to exclude animals that may shed the pathogen. The disease is extremely important in terms of both economics and public health, and it requires immediate attention from all parties. As a result, a concerted effort is being made to manage the disease in animals and to raise public awareness about the importance of improving people’s eating habits when it comes to animal products.
Isolation and Molecular Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus from Outbreak Cases in Illubabor Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors:   National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia, C Guyassa , T Dilbato ,   Ambo University, College Of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo, Ethiopia, A Aliy ,   National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia, D Shegu ,   National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia, D Zewude ,   National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

Background: Lumpy skin disease is one of the most economically important viral diseases of cattle and Asian water buffalo caused by lumpy skin disease virus, which occurs in most African countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, it has been detected in exotic and local breed cattle. To this end, there is scarcity of information on its epidemic status, among cattle in Illubabor, Ethiopia. Therefore, outbreak investigation was conducted to estimate epidemic status of lumpy skin disease among cattle in illubabor zone, Yayo district. Methodology: Outbreak investigation was done from August to December 2020 in the Ilubabor zone, Yayo district, with the goal of isolating and detecting the virus using molecular methods. All ages and both sexes of local breed cattle from reported disease outbreaks of the study area were subjected to the study. Skin biopsies (n=44) were collected from non-vaccinated lumpy skin disease affected cattle after examining the presence of skin lesions and transported to NAHDIC for laboratory test. Virus was isolated by growing on Vero cells and molecular detection was performed by conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The characteristic capripoxvirus cytopathic effect was observed on 17 out of 44 Vero cells inoculated. Out of the total 44 samples, 88.63% (39/44) and (95.45%) 42/44 were found positive for LSDV by conventional and real time polymerase chain reaction respectively. Chi-square (x²) test was used to assess the association of sex and ages with affected group. Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 15.49%, 1.4% and 9.09% respectively. Adult cattle showed higher morbidity (17.18%) than young ones (11.1%). Also not statistically significant, higher morbidity was observed in female (16.66%) than male (14.11%) cattle. Conclusion: The study showed that lumpy skin disease was circulating in cattle in the area and causing great loss to the farmers with high morbidity rates. To reduce economic losses caused by the disease, it was suggested that strategic programs for effective control and prevention be established.
Safety Assessment of Fecal, Bacteriocin-Producing Strains Enterococcus mundtii from Horses
Authors:   Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovakia, V Focková , E Styková ,   University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, M Pogány Simonová ,   Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovakia, M Vargová ,   Parasitological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia, E Dvorožňáková ,   Parasitological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia, A Lauková ,   Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovakia
Published: March 2024

Backround: Knowing and optimizing the host microbiota is important regarding the maintenance of horse`s health. For this approach beneficial bacteria have been usually used. However, to be the most effective in use, their safety, tolerability and efficacy needs to be assessed. Therefore, fecal strains Enterococcus mundtii from horses with promising bacteriocinogenic potential have to be evaluated for their safety. Methodology: E. mundtii strains were isolated from feces of 47 horses (n=47; 40 mares and seven stallions), the Norik breed from Muráň in eastern Slovakia. MALDTI-TOF spectrometry and sequencing were used. Phenotypic characteristics were assessed in accordance with those for the reference strain E. mundtii ATCC43186. Biofilm-forming ability was tested using plate assay. For enzyme production commercial tests were applied and virulence factor genes were tested using PCR and primers. Antibiotic profile was tested with diffusion method. In vivo safety was tested using Balb/c breed mice. Results: E. mundtii strains did not produce the enzyme β-glucuronidase; however, most E. mundtii strains produced β-galactosidase. The strains were absent of virulence factors such as gelatinase, aggregation substance, cytolysin A, enterococcal superficial protein, adhesins, hyaluronidase and IS16 element, except efaAfs gene in the strain EMKD 24/1. Six strains were found with lowgrade (0.1 ≤ A570< 1) biofilm - forming ability. E. mundtii were mostly susceptible to antibiotics. Bacteriocinogenic strain EMKD41/3 reached high counts in feces (5.12 ± 0.26 CFU/g log 10) of Balb/c mice during its 30 days application. No mortality of mice was noted during whole period of EMKD41/3 strain application. Conclusion: Bacteriocin-producing strains E. mundtii should not threaten horses because they were mostly susceptible to antibiotics, they were virulence factor genes absent and with low-grade biofilm formation ability. Bacteriocinproducing strain EMKD41/3 even indicates its sufficient implementation in host organism with any side effect.
Diagnostic Techniques for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis: A Review
Authors:   Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia, C Dima , K Abdisa ,   Ambo University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a group of the bovine respiratory disease multifaceted pathogens and a key disease of cattle, leading to significant economic losses to the dairy industry globally. The causative agent of IBR is Bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1), which is a member of the genus Varicellovirus in the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, which belongs to the family Herpesviridae, order Herpesvirales. BoHV-1 can be categorized into three subtypes (BoHV-1.1, BoHV-1.2a, and BoHV-1.2b) that belong to one single viral species, which is a serologically indistinguishable strain. Therefore, a more optimal method for the rapid diagnosis of BoHV-1 infection is highly needed. Hence, the objective of this paper is to review the appropriate diagnostic techniques for the IBR virus in infected cattle. In this review, various rapid and confirmatory diagnostic methods used for the diagnosis of BoHV-1 infection were briefly described. BoHV-1 can be routinely detected by virus neutralization tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (indirect or blocking ELISA). IBRgEELISA is the most specific serological test for BoHV-1 and is recommended for marker vaccine to differentiate wild infection from vaccination schemes. Furthermore, virus isolation from tissue or swab samples by cell culture and DNA detection with LAMP, PCR, and real-time PCR techniques are all used to detect infected cattle. Direct sequencing of the entire genome using the Sanger sequencing method recently allowed for the differentiation of BoHV-1 subspecies and the distinction of the BoHV-1 field strain from vaccine strains based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. As the gold standard diagnosis for IBR is virus isolation in cell culture, commonly followed by BoHV-1 gene sequencing, it is also recommended.
Exploration of the polymorphic solid-state landscape of an amide-linked organic cage using computation and automation
Authors: Shields Caitlin , Fellowes Thomas , Slater Anna , Cooper Andrew , Andrews Keith , Szczypiński Filip
Published: March 2024

Organic cages can possess complex, functionalised internal cavities that make them promising candidates for synthetic enzyme mimics. Conformationally flexible but chemically robust structures are needed for adaptable guest binding and catalysis, but these rapidly exchanging systems are difficult to resolve in solution. Here, we use inexpensive calculations and high-throughput crystallisation experiments to identify accessible cage conformations for a recently reported organic cage by ‘locking’ them in the solid state. The conformers identified exhibit a range of distances between the carboxylic acid groups in the internal cavity, suggesting adaptability towards binding a wide array of target guest molecules. The complexity of the observed crystal structures goes beyond what is possible with state-of-the-art crystal structure prediction.
"Heusler Alloys as Catalysts for Hydrogen Production by Ammonia Decomposition: Data-Driven Screening Via Graph Neural Networks"
Authors: Agarwal Abhishek , Goverapet Srinivasan Sriram , Rai Beena
Published: March 2024

Hydrogen as an alternate fuel in the transport and energy sector holds significant potential in mitigating the deleterious impact of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. However, its low volumetric energy density, storage and transportation difficulties have been a major detriment in the advancement of a hydrogen economy. Ammonia has recently emerged as a promising hydrogen vector that can be transported easily and chemically transformed to hydrogen at the point of use. A major bottleneck in the realization of this technology is the availability of active and economical catalysts for the said conversion. Recently, Heusler alloys (HAs) (formula: X2YZ) which are known for their magnetic properties, have emerged as a class of promising catalysts for diverse chemical conversions. In this work, state of the art GEMNET-OC, a graph based deep learning model, was used to screen potentially active HA catalysts. Using adsorption energies computed by GEMNET-OC and a quasi-equilibrium kinetic model, 280 HAs were evaluated. 15 HAs showed better performance than state-of-the-art Ru catalyst. Based on the Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI) and scarcity of screened alloys, three alloys were further shortlisted. Finally, DFT validation was used to recommend two of these alloys for synthesis and validation in experiments.
A DFT/MRCI Hamiltonian Parameterized Using Only Ab Initio Data: I. Valence Excited States
Authors: Costain Teagan , Ogden Victoria , Neville Simon , Schuurman Michael
Published: March 2024

A new combined density functional theory and multi-reference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) Hamiltonian parameterized solely using benchmark ab initio electronic structure obtained from the QUEST databases is presented. This new formulation differs from all previous versions of the method in that the choice of the underlying exchange cor- relation (XC) functional employed to construct the one-particle (orbital) basis is considered, and a new XC functional, QTP17, is chosen for its ability to generate a balanced description of core and valence vertical excitation energies. The ability of the new DFT/MRCI Hamiltonian, termed QE8, to furnish accurate excitation energies is confirmed using benchmark quantum chemistry computations, and a mean absolute error of 0.16 eV is determined for the wide range of electronic excitations included the validation data set. In particular, the QE8 Hamiltonian dramatically improves the performance of DFT/MRCI for doubly-excited states. The performance of fast approximate DFT/MRCI methods, p-DFT/MRCI and DFT/MRCI(2), are also evaluated using the QE8 Hamiltonian and are found to yield excitation ener- gies in quantitative agreement with the parent DFT/MRCI method, with the two methods exhibiting a mean difference of 0.01 eV with respect to DFT/MRCI over the entire benchmark set.
Direct Benzylic C–H Etherification Enabled by Base-Promoted Halogen Transfer
Authors: Bone Kendelyn , Puleo Thomas , Delost Michael , Shimizu Yuka , Bandar Jeffrey
Published: March 2024

We disclose a benzylic C–H oxidative coupling reaction with alcohols that proceeds through a synergistic deprotonation, halogenation and substitution sequence. The combination of tert-butoxide bases with 2-halothiophene halogen oxidants enables the first general protocol for generating and using benzyl halides through a deprotonative pathway. In contrast to existing radical-based pathways for C–H functionalization, this process is guided by C–H acidity trends. This gives rise to new synthetic capabilities, including the ability to functionalize diverse methyl(hetero)arenes, tolerance of oxidizable and nucleophilic functional groups, precision regioselectivity for polyalkylarenes and use of a double C–H etherification process to controllably oxidize methylarenes to benzaldehydes.
Molybdenum Catalysts based on Salan Ligands for the Deoxydehydration Reaction
Authors: Wagner Nathan , Tang Wei-Chien , Wagner Jonathan , Nguyen Binh , Lam Jamie , Gibbons-Stovall Skyler , Matias Andrea , Martinez Stephenie , Trieu-Tran Tristhan , Clabaugh Garrit , Navarro Christine , Abboud Ibrahim , Flores Francis , Nicholas Kenneth , John Alex
Published: March 2024

Dioxomolybdenum complexes based on salan ligands have been evaluated for their potential in catalyzing the deoxydehydration (DODH) reaction. The DODH reaction is a formal reduction that converts vicinal diols into olefins using an oxometal catalyst and a sacrificial reductant. The reaction holds enormous potential in transforming biomass-derived molecules into platform chemicals. This study evaluated 20 molybdenum complexes supported by salan ligands in the DODH reaction with the goal of establishing structure-activity relationships. Catalyst screenings were performed using styrene glycol as a model substrate and 1-10 mol% loading of the molybdenum complexes at 170 oC producing styrene in up to 54% yield. Aliphatic diols and meso-/R,R-hydrobenzoin were also converted to the corresponding alkenes in moderate to good yields that are comparable to previously reported molybdenum catalysts. A bio-derived glycol, (+)−diethyltartrate, could be converted to the alkene product (diethyl fumarate) in >98% yield using 10 mol% catalyst. A high yield of diethyl fumarate (78%) was also obtained with Na2SO3 (cheap, readily available, and benign) as reductant. Quite significantly, a 42% yield of diethyl fumarate was also obtained at a 1 mol% catalyst loading which represents a turnover number (TON) of 42; this is one of highest activity in a DODH reaction observed with molybdenum catalysts. The catalytic studies along with preliminary kinetic investigations reveal significant ligand effects: sterically bulky ortho-substituents and electron-withdrawing para-substituents on the phenol arms were found to enhance catalytic activity while a rigid phenyl as well as an ethylene backbone featuring a tertiary amine were observed to impede catalysis.