bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЗНАКОВ ХВОИ JUNIPERUS EXCELSA M.-BIEB. В ГОРНОМ КРЫМУ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Коренькова О.О.
Published: December 2023

В ходе проведенных исследований в пределах популяции Juniperus excelsa в Горном Крыму выявлено 2 типа хвои: чешуевидная и игловидная. Большинство особей (81 %) обладает чешуевидной видоспецифичной хвоей, которая бывает двух типов – зеленая и сизая. Установлено, что кончик хвои J. excelsa может быть нескольких типов – цельный заостренный, зазубренный и раздвоенный. Степень раздвоенности разнится от узко раздвоенной (угол расхождения до 5°) до широко раздвоенной (угол 30°). С одинаковой частотой эти формы кончика встречаются как у чешуевидной, так и у игловидной хвои. С целью выявления адаптивной способности вегетативных органов J. excelsa подсчитан интегральный показатель – общая площадь ассимилирующего аппарата. Западная часть ареала характеризуется в 2 раза меньшей общей площадью ассимилирующего аппарата, нежели южнобережная и восточная части, где данный показатель составляет 99,87 мм. Именно эти территории являются наиболее близкими по почвенно-климатическим условиям к основной, средиземноморской, части ареала. Игловидная хвоя больше подвержена влиянию внешних факторов, чем чешуевидная. В результате оценки степени облиствленности побега игловидной хвоей установлена существенная обратная зависимость (r = 0,32) от ее длины, чего не было у чешуевидной хвои J. excelsa. Показатели облиствленности побегов особей западной и восточной групп разнятся в 2 раза. Сила влияния регионального фактора составляет максимальные для хвои J. excelsa значения – 69,63 %. В целом игловидный тип хвои проявляет значительно больше адаптивных признаков, в результате чего увеличивается совокупная площадь ассимилирующего аппарата. Таким образом, можно рассматривать игловидную хвою J. excelsa как один из механизмов приспособления к почвенно-климатическим условиям на северной границе ареала.
The 2021 Alcohol’s Harm to Others Survey: Methodological Approach
Authors: Rintala Jade , Room Robin , Smit Koen , Jiang Heng , Laslett Anne-Marie
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background

The 2021 Alcohol's Harm to Others (AHTO) is a comprehensive survey measuring the prevalence of different harms due to another’s drinking in the Australian population. First implemented in 2008, the AHTO survey has since been adapted to reflect changes in modern survey research and to be comparable with international AHTO surveys.

Aims

The current paper aims to provide a detailed account of the 2021 Australian Alcohol's Harm to Others (AHTO) survey, including the procedures for sampling, data collection, weighting, response rate calculation and results from a mode analysis.

Methodology

The 2021 AHTO survey was conducted by the Social Research Centre (SRC), whereby 1,000 participants were recruited through Random Digit Dial (RDD) and 1,574 through the Life in Australia Panel (LinA). Weights applied to the data to match key respondent demographics to the Australian population and between the two samples. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to probe the extent sample source (RDD; LinA) was associated with various survey outcomes.

Results

Multiple regression analyses found sample source had a statistically significant association with responses on three out of eight outcomes, with sample source contributing 1 – 8% of the overall variance in these models.

Discussion

The current paper highlighted the 2021 AHTO survey’s comprehensiveness and adaptability to a modern research context as its strengths. Yet some limitations were identified relating to the use of bi-modal survey methods. The methodological critiques from the current paper are vital to inform future AHTO surveys used in both a national and international context.
An Economic Analysis of Pigeon Pea Production in Maharashtra State, India
Authors: Bodakhe G. M. , Shelke R. D. , Kamble S. H.
Published: December 2023

This study is based on "An economic analysis of pigeon pea production in districts of Maharashtra state”. The study was conducted in districts were highest area under pigeon pea cultivation in Maharashtra of India. The present study was based on primary data collected from 120 farmers in districts of Maharashtra, during the agricultural year 2021-22. The cost concepts approach to farm costing is widely used in India. To work out the cost of cultivation standard method of cost of cultivation employed by commission on Agricultural Costs and Price (CACP) Ministry of Agriculture (GOI). The directorate of economics and statistics, Government of India estimated different costs as (Cost A1, Cost A2, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1, Cost C2, and Cost C3) The total cost of cultivation of pigeon pea came to ₹. 50548.17 per hectare in which the share of Cost-B2 was Rs.44708.43 (88.45 %) followed by Cost-A2 was ₹. 30053.85 (59.46 %). Per quintal average price of pigeon pea was ₹. 6198.58. Gross returns were ₹. 84345.37 in which main produce was of ₹.79465.90 and by produce ₹. 4919.02. The per hectare net profit from pigeon pea cultivation crop was gained ₹.33797.20. Hence, the cost benefit ratio was highest i.e. 1.67.
Trends of Human-Wildlife Conflicting in Kali Tiger Reserve Forest, Karnataka, South India
Authors: Ajith M.  , Joshi Amrutha T. , Sushmitha K. S.  , Deshmanya Jagrati B. , Mohan Kumar B.  , Deekshith S.
Published: December 2023

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a growing concern, impacting both conservation efforts and livelihoods. This study was conducted to analyse trends in wildlife conflicts involving agriculture, cattle, and human injuries from 2015-16 to 2022-23 with a focus on the Kali Tiger Reserve in Karnataka, India. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) method was used to assess the data, revealing critical insights. Agriculture-wildlife conflict showed an overall upward trend with a CAGR of 3.16 per cent. Notably, there was a significant increase in 2016-17, followed by fluctuations in subsequent years. This conflict arises due to natural habitat fragmentation and deterioration resulting animals encroaching on agricultural fields. Cattle-wildlife conflict exhibited a CAGR of 8.20 per cent, indicating a gradual increase with fluctuating cases from year to year. Tigers and leopards pose a threat to farmers who graze cattle near the forest reserves. Innovative solutions are required to balance the synergy of agriculture production and wildlife management policy. Human injuries due to wildlife displayed fluctuations, with a slight overall decrease (CAGR -0.47%) in the number of cases and an increase of 2.66 per cent in compensation. These incidents occur when people venture into forests for various reasons. Proper regulations and permissions are necessary to minimize such encounters. Overall compensation payments showed a CAGR of 5.83 per cent, reflecting fluctuating growth rates and significant changes in 2022-23. The forest and wildlife conservation sectors determine compensation based on specific factors for crop loss, cattle deaths, and human injuries. However, conflicts related to human injuries have shown a declining trend. The study suggests relocating rehabilitation efforts away from forest buffer zones and introducing off farm activities for affected communities to reduce their dependence on the forest.
Teasing-Induced Self-Circumcision in a Teenager: A Case Report
Authors: Gudugbe Senyo , Acquah Emmanuel Papa Kwadwo , Akuaku Rosaline Seyram , Nang-Beifubah Brian Nuo-Ire , Jaaga Solomon , Maison Patrick
Published: December 2023

Aim: Male circumcision in traditionally circumcising communities is often performed by an experienced traditionalist or a surgeon. Transitioning through teenage years as an uncircumcised male in these communities can be challenging. This report highlights the psychosocial pressures of uncircumcised teenagers and the need for early formal circumcision to prevent self-injurious behaviour.

Case Presentation: We present a 13-year-old male, who performed a self-circumcision using a kitchen knife after enduring repeated teasing episodes at annual sports camps. He was resuscitated and later had penile skin reconstruction done. He did not have an underlying psychological disorder.

Discussion: Self-circumcision is rare and mostly reported amongst patients with underlying psychological disorders. Cases amongst teenagers with no underlying pathologies are ever rarer. Negative peer pressure in the form of teasing and push such patients to self-injurious behaviour. Early appropriate surgical intervention following self-circumcision results in good clinical outcomes.

Conclusion: Uncircumcised teenagers in traditionally circumcising communities may suffer adverse psychological trauma from peers leading to self-harm. Parents of such children should seek early medical care to avert the risks of self-injurious behaviour.
Scour Impact on the Horizontal Bearing Capacity of Pier-Type Dolphin Structures
Authors: Jeong Tae Young , Kang Su Won , Kim Kyu Won , Won Jong Hwa , Kim Chan Joo
Published: December 2023

A study using numerical analysis techniques was conducted to examine the scour effect of pier-type dolphin structures installed in the domestic marine environment, and the effect of scour on horizontal bearing capacity was examined. In this study, we designed the berthing structures, taking into account the environmental and ground conditions of the target maritime area, and after calculating the predicted scour area, stability evaluation was performed by removing the ground elements of the area. The increase in scour depth was found to induce a direct decrease in horizontal bearing capacity due to soil loss in contact with the foundation, establishing a relationship that increases horizontal displacement. However, in the foundation designed to withstand the design load by reflecting the safety rate, the increase in horizontal displacement formed by possible scour is not large, which did not have a dominant effect on the horizontal bearing capacity of the foundation. In the future, research is required to analyze the impact of each factor and formalize evaluation and design techniques to evaluate the scour safety of marine foundations and pier-type structures installed in various ground conditions and structural formats.
Numerical Analysis of Block Type Quay Wall with Piles for Restraining Horizontal Deformation
Authors: Kwon Soon-Goo , Lee Won-Hyo , Kim Tae-Hyung
Published: December 2023

A two-dimensional numerical analysis was performed on the depth of pile embedment, the magnitude of the residual water level, and the condition of the presence or absence of cap concrete to understand the behavior of the block-type quay wall with piles. The results showed the control effect of the lateral displacement of the quay wall depending on the embedment of the pile. When the piles were not embedded, the lateral displacement of the quay wall increased proportionally as the residual water level difference increased. In contrast, when the piles were embedded into the ground, the control of the lateral displacement of the quay wall was greatly exerted even if the residual water level difference increased. There was little difference in the lateral displacement of the block-type quay wall regardless of the presence or absence of cap concrete. Under the condition where the piles were embedded down to the rubble mound layer, the piles exhibited the rotational behavior seen in the short piles. As the embedment depth of the piles increased, the piles showed the same bending behavior as the intermediate piles. Thus, the piles significantly contribute to the control of lateral displacement in the block-type quay wall with piles.
National Trends in 30-Day Readmission Following Transoral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nyirjesy Sarah C. , McCrary Hilary C. , Zhao Songzhu , Judd Ryan T. , Farlow Janice L. , Seim Nolan B. , Ozer Enver , Agrawal Amit , Old Matthew O. , Rocco James W. , Kang Stephen Y. , Haring Catherine T.
Published: December 2023

Importance

As the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) continues to rise in the US, an increasing number of patients are being treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Readmission following surgery can potentially delay initiation of adjuvant treatment and affect survival outcomes.

Objective

To identify risk factors for 30-day postoperative readmission in patients undergoing TORS for OPSCC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective, population-based cohort study used data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2017. All patients undergoing TORS for OPSCC were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes and included. Exclusion criteria were age younger than 18 years or incomplete information regarding index admission or readmission. The analysis was performed from April to October 2023.

Exposure

TORS for OPSCC.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with 30-day readmission. Covariates included demographics and medical comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, hospital characteristics, and surgical details. Trends in readmission over time, reasons for readmission, and characteristics of the readmission were also examined.

Results

A weighted total of 5544 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.7 [0.25] years; 4475 [80.7%] male) underwent TORS for OPSCC. The overall readmission rate was 17.5% (n = 971), and these rates decreased over the study period (50 of 211 patients [23.7%] in 2010 vs 58 of 633 patients [9.1%] in 2017). Risk factors associated with readmission included male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.07-2.20) and a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.28-4.58). Factors associated with decreased rate of readmission included undergoing concurrent selective neck dissection (AOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.22-0.41). Among the 971 readmissions, the most common readmission diagnoses were bleeding (151 [15.6%]), electrolyte and digestive problems (44 [4.5%]), pneumonia (44 [4.5%]), and sepsis (26 [2.7%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, readmission rates following TORS for oropharynx cancer decreased over time; however, a subset of patients required readmission most commonly related to bleeding, infection, and electrolyte imbalance. Concurrent neck dissection may be protective against readmission. Elucidation of risk factors for readmission after TORS for OPSCC offers opportunities for evidence-based shared decision-making, quality improvement initiatives, and improved patient counseling.
Lattice Instability Induced Concerted Structural Distortion in Charged and van der Waals Layered GdTe3
Authors: Dutta Prabir , Chandra Sushmita , Maria Ivy , Debnath Koyendrila , Rawat Divya , Soni Ajay , Waghmare Umesh V. , Biswas Kanishka
Published: December 2023

Structural mosaic of rare‐earth tri‐tellurides (RTe3) inlaid with non‐classical structural motifs like the 2D−polytelluride square nets has attracted immense attention owing to their enigmatic chemical bonding, unconventional structure, and harboring charge density wave (CDW) ground states. GdTe3, an archetypal RTe3, is a natural heterostructure of charged and van der Waals (vdW) layers, formed by intercalating vdW gap separated 2D square telluride nets [(Te2)−]n between the charged double corrugated slabs of n[GdTe]+. Here, we have investigated the evolution of structural distortions along with the electrical and thermal transport properties of GdTe3 across its CDW transition through X‐ray pair distribution function analysis, thermal conductivity measurements, Raman spectroscopy and first principles theoretical calculations. The results reveal that the unusual structure of GdTe3 engenders a large anisotropic lattice thermal conductivity by concomitantly hampering the phonon propagation along parallel to the spark plasma sintering (SPS) pressing direction via chemical bonding hierarchy while facilitating phonon propagation along perpendicular to the SPS pressing direction through the metallic Te sheets and phason channel. The low lattice thermal conductivity is attributed to the strong vibrational anharmonicity caused by CDW‐induced concerted local lattice distortions of both Gd–Te slab and Te square net, and the robust electron–phonon coupling.
Bypassing the Single Junction Limit with Advanced Photovoltaic Architectures
Authors: Lüer Larry , Peters Ian Marius , Corre Vincent M. Le , Forberich Karen , Guldi Dirk M. , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: December 2023

Multijunction devices and photon up‐ and down‐conversion are prominent concepts aimed at increasing photovoltaic efficiencies beyond the single junction limit. Integrating these concepts into advanced architectures may address long‐standing issues such as processing complexity, microstructure control, and resilience against spectral changes of the incoming radiation. However, so far, no models have been established to predict the performance of such integrated architectures. Here, a simulation environment based on Bayesian optimization is presented, that can predict and virtually optimize the electrical performance of multi‐junction architectures, both vertical and lateral, in combination with up‐ and down‐conversion materials. Microstructure effects on performance are explicitly considered using machine‐learned predictive models from high throughput experimentation on simpler architectures. Two architectures that would surpass the single junction limit of photovoltaic energy conversion at reasonable complexity are identified: a vertical “staggered half octave system,” where selective absorption allows the use of 6 different bandgaps, and the lateral “overlapping rainbow system” where selective irradiation allows the use of a narrowband energy acceptor with reduced voltage losses, according to the energy gap law. Both architectures would be highly resilient against spectral changes, in contrast with two terminal multi‐junction architectures which are limited by Kirchhoff's law.
Eliminating the Mn 3d Orbital Degeneracy to Suppress the Jahn–Teller Distortion for Stable MnO2 Cathode
Authors: Hou Zishan , Wang Jinrui , Dai Ningning , Yao Shuyun , Wang Shiyu , Ji Yingjie , Gao Xueying , Zhang Huiying , Tang Zheng , Sun Yanfei , Li Shuyuan , Liu Yuanming , Fu Weijie , Nie Kaiqi , Jiang Yining , Yan Yi‐Ming , Yang Zhiyu
Published: December 2023

The cycle stability of manganese‐based oxides cathode for sodium‐ion supercapacitor is impeded by severe structural collapse due to the Jahn–Teller (J–T) distortion of [MnO6] octahedra as Mn4+ is reduced to Mn3+. Herein, MnO2 cathode is stabilized by Mg2+ ions confinement between transition metal slabs. The Mg2+ confinement induces the transformation from original cubic [MnO6] octahedra to compressed configuration (com‐MnO2), resulting in the elimination of Mn 3d orbital degeneracy, thereby alleviating the structural deformation of [Mn3+O6] octahedra by suppressing J–T distortion during the reduction of Mn4+. As a result, the prepared com‐MnO2 exhibits greatly improved cycling stability with 99.1% retention of its initial capacity after 20 000 cycles due to inhibited J–T distortion. Additionally, an enhanced capacity of 434 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, a rate capacity of 275 F g−1 at 20 A g−1 can be achieved by com‐MnO2. The in situ XRD, Raman spectra reveal the reversible structural transformation during a cycle. It is concluded that the elimination of Mn 3d orbital degeneracy plays a crucial role in suppressing J–T distortion, which is conducive to in‐depth understanding of electron structure of transition metal oxides toward cycling performance.
Socioecological factors influencing intraspecific variation in ranging dynamics of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Ndoki Forest
Authors: Judson Kathryn , Sanz Crickette , Ebombi Thierry Fabrice , Massamba Jean Marie , Teberd Prospère , Abea Gaston , Mbebouti Gaeton , Matoumona Jancy Kelly Boungou , Nkoussou Esther Godiline , Zambarda Alice , Brogan Sean , Stephens Colleen , Morgan David
Published: December 2023

Ranging dynamics are physical and behavioral representations of how different socioecological factors affect an organism's spatial decisions and space use strategies. Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are a model species to investigate the drivers of spatial dynamics based on both the natural variation in socioecological factors within the species and compared with their mountain gorilla counterparts. In this study, we evaluate the influences of resource seasonality and social dynamics on variation in home range size, utilization, and intergroup overlap among multiple gorilla groups over an 8‐year study period in the northern Republic of Congo. This study shows that western lowland gorillas can have small home ranges comparable to mountain gorillas, rather than universally larger home ranges as previously supposed, and that home ranges are stable through time. The largest source of variation in space use was the degree of intergroup home range overlap. The study groups did not demonstrate intraspecific variation in range size nor changes in intergroup overlap with respect to seasonality of fruit resources, but all groups demonstrated expansion of monthly range and core area with group size, matching predictions of intragroup feeding competition. These findings highlight the potential impact of intergroup relationships on space use and prompt further research on the role of social dynamics in ranging strategies. In this study, we reveal a greater degree of variability and flexibility in gorilla ranging behavior than previously realized which is relevant to improving comparative studies and informing conservation strategies on behalf of these endangered primates.
Complete Biochemical Characterization of Pantaphos Biosynthesis Highlights an Unusual Role for a SAM‐Dependent Methyltransferase
Authors: Polidore Alexander L. A. , Caserio Angelica D. , Zhu Lingyang , Metcalf William W.
Published: December 2023

Pantaphos is small molecule virulence factor made by the plant pathogen Pantoea ananatis. An 11 gene operon, designated hvr for high virulence, is required for production of this phosphonic acid natural product, but the metabolic steps used in its production have yet to be established. Herein, we determine the complete biosynthetic pathway using a combination of bioinformatics, in vitro biochemistry and in vivo heterologous expression. Only 6 of the 11 hvr genes are needed to produce pantaphos, while a seventh is likely to be required for export. Surprisingly, the pathway involves a series of O‐methylated intermediates, which are then hydrolyzed to produce the final product. The methylated intermediates are produced by an irreversible S‐adenosylmethione (SAM)‐dependent methyltransferase that is required to drive a thermodynamically unfavorable dehydration in the preceding step, a function not previously attributed to members of this enzyme class. Methylation of pantaphos by the same enzyme is also likely to limit its toxicity in the producing organism. The pathway also involves a novel flavin‐dependent monooxygenase that differs from homologous proteins due to its endogenous flavin‐reductase activity. Heterologous production of pantaphos by Escherichia coli strains expressing the minimal gene set strongly supports the in vitro biochemical data.
Atomically Precise Silver Clusters Stabilized by Lacunary Polyoxometalates with Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Activity
Authors: Feng Yeqin , Fu Fangyu , Zeng Linlin , Zhao Mengyun , Xin Xing , Liang Jiakai , Zhou Meng , Fang Xikui , Lv Hongjin , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: December 2023

The syntheses of atomically precise silver (Ag) clusters stabilized by multidentate lacunary polyoxometalate (POM) ligands have been emerging as a promising but challenging research direction, the combination of redox‐active POM ligands and silver clusters will render them unexpected geometric structures and catalytic properties. Herein, we report the successful construction of two structurally‐new lacunary POM‐stabilized Ag clusters, TBA6H14Ag14(DPPB)4(CH3CN)9[Ag24(Si2W18O66)3] ⋅ 10CH3CN ⋅ 9H2O ({Ag24(Si2W18O66)3}, TBA=tetra‐n‐butylammonium, DPPB=1,4‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) and TBA14H6Ag9Na2(H2O)9[Ag27(Si2W18O66)3] ⋅ 8CH3CN ⋅ 10H2O ({Ag27(Si2W18O66)3}), using a facile one‐pot solvothermal approach. Under otherwise identical synthetic conditions, the molecular structures of two POM‐stabilized Ag clusters could be readily tuned by the addition of different organic ligands. In both compounds, the central trefoil‐propeller‐shaped {Ag24}14+ and {Ag27}17+ clusters bearing 10 delocalized valence electrons are stabilized by three C‐shaped {Si2W18O66} units. The femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the rapid charge transfer between {Ag24}14+ core and {Si2W18O66} ligands. Both compounds have been pioneeringly investigated as catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to HCOOH with a high selectivity.
Ultrathin Two‐dimensional Layered Composite Carbosilicates from in situ Unzipped Carbon Nanotubes and Exfoliated Bulk Silica
Authors: Ding Yuxiao , Liu Yumeng , Klyushin Alexander Y. , Zhang Liyun , Han Gengxu , Liu Zigeng , Li Jianying , Zhang Bingsen , Gao Kang , Li Wei , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Sun Xiaoyan , Qiao Zhen‐An , Heumann Saskia
Published: December 2023

A key task in today's inorganic synthetic chemistry is to develop effective reactions, routes, and associated techniques aiming to create new functional materials with specifically desired multilevel structures and properties. Herein, we report an ultrathin two‐dimensional layered composite of graphene ribbon and silicate via a simple and scalable one‐pot reaction, which leads to the creation of a novel carbon‐metal‐silicate hybrid family: carbosilicate. The graphene ribbon is in situ formed by unzipping carbon nanotubes, while the ultrathin silicate is in situ obtained from bulk silica or commercial glass; transition metals (Fe or Ni) oxidized by water act as bridging agent, covalently bonding the two structures. The unprecedented structure combines the superior properties of the silicate and the nanocarbon, which triggers some specific novel properties. All processes during synthesis are complementary to each other. The associated synergistic chemistry could stimulate the discovery of a large class of more interesting, functionalized structures and materials.
Light‐Driven Radiochemistry with Fluorine‐18, Carbon‐11 and Zirconium‐89
Authors: Lin Daniel , Lechermann Laura M. , Huestis Malcolm P. , Marik Jan , Sap Jeroen B. I.
Published: December 2023

This review discusses recent advances in light‐driven radiochemistry for three key isotopes: fluorine‐18, carbon‐11, and zirconium‐89, and their applications in positron emission tomography (PET). In the case of fluorine‐18, the predominant approach involves the use of cyclotron‐produced [18F]fluoride or reagents derived thereof. Light serves to activate either the substrate or the fluorine‐18 labeled reagent. Advancements in carbon‐11 photo‐mediated radiochemistry have been leveraged for the radiolabeling of small molecules, achieving various transformations, including 11C‐methylation, 11C‐carboxylation, 11C‐carbonylation, and 11C‐cyanation. Contrastingly, zirconium‐89 photo‐mediated radiochemistry differs from fluorine‐18 and carbon‐11 approaches. In these cases, light facilitates a postlabeling click reaction, which has proven valuable for the labeling of large biomolecules such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). New technological developments, such as the incorporation of photoreactors in commercial radiosynthesizers, illustrate the commitment the field is making in embracing photochemistry. Taken together, these advances in photo‐mediated radiochemistry enable radiochemists to apply new retrosynthetic strategies in accessing novel PET radiotracers.
Tandem Synergistic Effect of Cu‐In Dual Sites Confined on the Edge of Monolayer CuInP2S6 toward Selective Photoreduction of CO2 into Multi‐Carbon Solar Fuels
Authors: Gao Wa , Shi Li , Hou Wentao , Ding Cheng , Liu Qi , Long Ran , Chi Haoqiang , Zhang Yongcai , Xu Xiaoyong , Ma Xueying , Tang Zheng , Yang Yong , Wang Xiaoyong , Shen Qing , Xiong Yujie , Wang Jinlan , Zou Zhigang , Zhou Yong
Published: December 2023

One‐unit‐cell, single‐crystal, hexagonal CuInP2S6 atomically thin sheets of≈0.81 nm in thickness was successfully synthesized for photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Exciting ethene (C2H4) as the main product was dominantly generated with the yield‐based selectivity reaching ≈56.4 %, and the electron‐based selectivity as high as ≈74.6 %. The tandem synergistic effect of charge‐enriched Cu−In dual sites confined on the lateral edge of the CuInP2S6 monolayer (ML) is mainly responsible for efficient conversion and high selectivity of the C2H4 product as the basal surface site of the ML, exposing S atoms, can not derive the CO2 photoreduction due to the high energy barrier for the proton‐coupled electron transfer of CO2 into *COOH. The marginal In site of the ML preeminently targets CO2 conversion to *CO under light illumination, and the *CO then migrates to the neighbor Cu sites for the subsequent C−C coupling reaction into C2H4 with thermodynamic and kinetic feasibility. Moreover, ultrathin structure of the ML also allows to shorten the transfer distance of charge carriers from the interior onto the surface, thus inhibiting electron‐hole recombination and enabling more electrons to survive and accumulate on the exposed active sites for CO2 reduction.
Wingtip‐Flexible N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Unsymmetrical Connection between IMes and IPr
Authors: Zhao Qun , Rahman Mahbubur , Zhou Tongliang , Yang Shiyi , Lalancette Roger , Szostak Roman , Szostak Michal
Published: December 2023

IMes (IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) and IPr (IPr=1,3‐ bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) represent by far the most frequently used N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands in homogeneous catalysis, however, despite numerous advantages, these ligands are limited by the lack of steric flexibility of catalytic pockets. We report a new class of unique unsymmetrical N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands that are characterized by freely‐rotatable N‐aromatic wingtips in the imidazol‐2‐ylidene architecture. The combination of rotatable N−CH2Ar bond with conformationally‐fixed N−Ar linkage results in a highly modular ligand topology, entering the range of geometries inaccessible to IMes and IPr. These ligands are highly reactive in Cu(I)‐catalyzed β‐hydroboration, an archetypal borylcupration process that has had a transformative impact on the synthesis of boron‐containing compounds. The most reactive Cu(I)‐NHC in this class has been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma to enable broad access of the synthetic chemistry community. The ligands gradually cover %Vbur geometries ranging from 37.3 % to 52.7 %, with the latter representing the largest %Vbur described for an IPr analogue, while retaining full flexibility of N‐wingtip. Considering the modular access to novel geometrical space in N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis, we anticipate that this concept will enable new opportunities in organic synthesis, drug discovery and stabilization of reactive metal centers.
HNBR and NBR gasket rubbers for plate heat exchangers: Thermo‐oxidative aging and service lifetime prediction
Authors: de Ruijter Pedro Quirinus , de Bittencourt Ribeiro Eduardo , Zanzi Mateus de Sousa , de Souza Elias Luiz , Goes Oliveira Jorge Luiz , Paiva Kleber Vieira , Benedet Dutra Gabriel
Published: December 2023

Among several available rubbers used in gaskets for plate heat exchangers, the selection of the appropriate material for each operation window is crucial. This work evaluated nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and hydrogenated butadiene rubber (HNBR) gaskets aged at high temperatures for up to 60 days. The properties assessed of compression set (CS), hardness, and cross‐link density demonstrated superior degradation rates for the NBR specimens. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that the hydrogenation process predominantly affected CC double bonds. Compress stress relaxation highlighted the impact of aging on the counterforce of rubber over time. Furthermore, indentation modulus profile analysis showed heterogeneous degradation for both materials at 140°C for NBR and 170°C for HNBR. The end‐of‐life criteria of 79% CS for both materials were determined through sealing tests of the aged samples. The service lifetime prediction, using the time–temperature superposition and Arrhenius methods through the CS evolution curves, demonstrated a higher degradation resistance of HNBR gaskets, that have a superior service lifetime of at least 3.5 times at 80°C concerning those of NBR, proving a superior behavior for the hydrogenated elastomer. In addition, the evaluation of the lifetime prediction enables the verification of which rubber gasket is recommended for each operational condition in terms of material cost, service lifetime, and maintenance costs.
Process parameter optimization for ionic liquids as gas separation membranes based on a GWO–BPNN model
Authors: Mian Zhu , Bin Wang , Chao Lv , Zhenhui Yu , Liu Jingxian
Published: December 2023

Gas separation membranes offer a cost‐effective solution for capturing greenhouse gases, mitigating the global greenhouse effect. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as one of the promising materials for greenhouse gas separation due to their strong affinity for CO2. In this study, we propose a laboratory‐scale method for preparing IL–PVDF blend membranes with high CO2/N2 selectivity. The separation performance of the membranes was evaluated using a custom gas permeation measurement system. The effects of casting solution composition, solidification method, and film‐forming processes on separation performance were experimental investigated, and the obtained experimental data were used to train a back propagation neural network (BPNN) optimized by the Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm. This hybrid GWO–BPNN model was utilized to predict separation membrane efficiency, optimize the film‐forming process, and identify the optimal range of process parameters. Notably, the GWO–BPNN model demonstrated a 2.76% higher prediction accuracy compared to a standalone BPNN. The results indicated that the GWO–BPNN algorithm has a great potential to accurately predict membrane separation efficiency and apply in optimal membrane process design (OMPD), and this method can significantly reduce the number of experimental trials required to achieve OMPD.
Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Polymers: a New Choice For Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Zhao Wenkai , Fu Guang‐en , Yang Haoyong , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2023

Organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) as a vital component among transistors have shown great potential in smart sensing, flexible displays, and bionics due to their flexibility, biocompatibility and customizable chemical structures. Even though linear conjugated polymer semiconductors are common for constructing channel materials of OTFTs, advanced materials with high charge carrier mobility, tunable band structure, robust stability, and clear structure‐property relationship are indispensable for propelling the evolution of OTFTs. Two‐dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs), featured with conjugated lattice, tailorable skeletons, and functional porous structures, match aforementioned criteria closely. In this review, we firstly introduce the synthesis of 2DCP thin films, focusing on their characteristics compatible with the channels of OTFTs. Subsequently, the physics and operating mechanisms of OTFTs and the applications of 2DCPs in OTFTs are summarized in detail. Finally, the outlook and perspective in the field of OTFTs using 2DCPs are provided as well.
Correction to deep reinforcement learning‐based ordering mechanism for performance optimization in multi‐echelon supply chains
Authors: Kurian Dony S. , Pillai V. Madhusudanan
Published: December 2023

This paper addresses and acknowledges the valuable feedback provided by Dr. Deniz Preil in response to the recent study conducted by Kurian et al which investigates the application of proximal policy optimization (PPO) to determine dynamic ordering policies within multi‐echelon supply chains. The first comment raised by Dr. Preil motivated an examination of the training and evaluation procedures in Experiments 2, 3, and 4. The Experiments 2 and 3 were reworked to address this, allowing the seed to vary for every training iteration, resulting in refined outcomes while there was no need of reworking of Experiment 4. The second comment focused on the benchmarking strategies involving the 1‐1 policy and the order‐up‐to (OUT) policy, clarifying the distinctions between the two policies and justifying the use of the 1‐1 policy for benchmarking in Experiment 4. The implementation of the widely accepted OUT policy was explained, highlighting the meaningful rationale behind its use. These discussions aim to enhance the methodology employed by Kurian et al and strengthen the implications of the findings within the domain of supply chain ordering management.
PETR: A novel peristaltic mixed tubular bioreactor simulating human colonic conditions
Authors: Vorländer David , Schultz Gábor , Hoffmann Kristin , Rasch Detlev , Dohnt Katrin
Published: December 2023

A novel bioreactor simulating human colonic conditions for in vitro cultivation of intestinal microbiota is presented. The PEristaltic mixed Tubular bioReactor (PETR) is modular designed and periodically kneaded to simulate intestinal peristalsis. The reactor is introduced, characterized from a bioprocess engineer's perspective and discussed in its ability to mimic colon conditions. PETR provides physiological temperature and appropriate anaerobic conditions, simulates intestinal peristalsis, and has a mean residence time of 32.8 ± 0.8 h comparable to the adult human colon. The single‐tube design enables a time‐constant and longitudinally progressive pH gradient from 5.5 to 7.0. Using a dialysis liquid containing high molecular weight polyethylene glycol, the integrated dialysis system efficiently absorbs short chain fatty acids (up to 60%) and water (on average 850 mL d−1). Cultivation of a typical gut bacterium (Bifidobacterium animalis) was performed to demonstrate the applicability for controlled microbiota cultivation. PETR is unique in combining simulation of the entire colon, peristaltic mixing, dialytic water and metabolite absorption, and a progressive pH gradient in a single‐tube design. PETR is a further step to precise replication of colonic conditions in vitro for reliable and reproducible microbiota research, such as studying the effect of food compounds, prebiotics or probiotics, or the development and treatment of infections with enteric pathogens, but also for further medical applications such as drug delivery studies or to study the effect of drugs on and their degradation by the microbiota.
Telehealth of cardiac devices for CVD treatment
Authors: Shelke Sushil , Veerubhotla Krishna , Lee Yugyung , Lee Chi H.
Published: December 2023

This review covers currently available cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) as well as updated progress in real‐time monitoring techniques for CIEDs. A variety of implantable and wearable devices that can diagnose and monitor patients with cardiovascular diseases are summarized, and various working mechanisms and principles of monitoring techniques for Telehealth and mHealth are discussed. In addition, future research directions are presented based on the rapidly evolving research landscape including Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Beyond metal–air battery, emerging aqueous metal–hydrogen peroxide batteries with improved performance
Authors: Liu Jiehua , Zhou Meng , Jin Ke , Li Jun , Meng Fancheng , Wei Xiangfeng
Published: December 2023

The aqueous metal–H2O2batteries have been paid rapidly increasing attention due to their large theoretical energy densities, attractive power density, and multiple applications (air, land, and sea), especially in low‐content oxygen or nonoxygen conditions in which metal–air cells are out of work. However, the requirements of metal–H2O2batteries are different due to the order of metal activities (Mg > Al > Zn) as well as metal–air cells. Aqueous metal–H2O2batteries mainly include Al–H2O2, Mg–H2O2, and Zn–H2O2batteries with the respective scientific problems, including battery structures, single/dual‐electrolyte systems, electrocatalysts for O2reduction/evolution reactions, H2O2reduction/production/decomposition, and the designability of anode to inhibit self‐corrosion. In this review, we summarized battery architectures, possible mechanisms, and recent progress in metal–H2O2batteries, including Al–H2O2, Mg–H2O2, and Zn–H2O2batteries. Several perspectives are also provided for these research fields, which may be focused on in the future.
Patient perspectives on factors influencing active surveillance adherence for low‐risk prostate cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Subramanian Lalita , Hawley Sarah T. , Skolarus Ted A. , Rankin Aaron , Fetters Michael D. , Witzke Karla , Chen Jason , Radhakrishnan Archana
Published: December 2023

Background

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the United States. Treatment guidelines recommend active surveillance for low‐risk prostate cancer, which involves monitoring for progression, to avoid or delay definitive treatments and their side effects. Despite increased uptake, adherence to surveillance remains a challenge.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured, qualitative, virtual interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), with men (15) who were or had been on active surveillance for their low‐risk prostate cancer in 2020. Interviews were transcribed and coded under TDF's behavioral theory‐based domains. We analyzed domains related to adherence to surveillance using constructivist grounded theory to identify themes influencing decision processes in adherence.

Results

The TDF domains of emotion, beliefs about consequences, environmental context and resources, and social influences were most relevant to surveillance adherence‐. From these four TDF domains, three themes emerged as underlying decision processes: trust in surveillance as treatment, quality of life, and experiences of self and others. Positive perceptions of these three themes supported adherence while negative perceptions contributed to non‐adherence (i.e., not receiving follow‐up or stopping surveillance). The relationship between the TDF domains and themes provided a theoretical process describing factors impacting active surveillance adherence for men with low‐risk prostate cancer.

Conclusions

Men identified key factors impacting active surveillance adherence that provide opportunities for clinical implementation and practice improvement. Future efforts should focus on multi‐level interventions that foster trust in surveillance as treatment, emphasize quality of life benefits and enhance patients' interpersonal experiences while on surveillance to optimize adherence.
MDSC suppresses T cell antitumor immunity in CAC via GPNMB in a MyD88‐dependent manner
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Lu , Shang Runshi , Xie Lin
Published: December 2023

Background

Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) played an essential role in tumor microenvironment to suppress host antitumor immunity and help cancer cells escape immune surveillance. However, the molecular mechanism behind tumor evasion mediated by MDSCs is not fully understood. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is considered to associate with tumor initiation, metastasis and angiogenesis. Blocking GPNMB function is a potentially valuable therapy for cancer by eliminating GPNMB+MDSCs. Our previous study has proved that blockage the MyD88 signaling with the MyD88 inhibitor, TJ‐M2010‐5, may completely prevent the development of CAC in mice, accompanying with downregulation of GPNMB mRNA in the inhibitor‐treated mice of CAC.

Methods

We here focus on the underlying the relationship between GPNMB function and MyD88 signaling pathway activation in MDSCs' antitumor activity in CAC.

Results

CAC development in the mouse model is associated with expanded GPNMB+MDSCs by a MyD88‐dependent pathway. The GPNMB expression on MDSCs is associated with MyD88 signaling activation. The inhibitory effect of MDSCs on T cell proliferation, activation and antitumor cytotoxicity in CAC is mediated by GPNMB in a MyD8‐dependent manner.

Conclusion

MyD88 signaling pathway plays an essential role in GPNMB+MDSC‐mediated tumor immune escape during CAC development and is a promising focus for revealing the mechanisms of MDSC that facilitate immunosuppression and tumor progression.
Antifungal and Antiproliferative Activity of Pistagremic Acid and Flavonoids Extracted from the Galls ofPistacia chinensissubsp.integerrima
Authors: Rauf Abdur , Anyanwu Margrate , Aliiri Ahmad A. , Alanazi Hamdan A. H. , Alharbi Abdulrahman M. A. , Wadood Abdul , Aljohani Abdullah S. M. , Muhammad Naveed , Samad Abdus , Shah Syed Uzair Ali , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Ribaudo Giovanni
Published: December 2023

Pistacia chinensissubsp.integerrima(J.L. Stewart) Rech. f. is a plant known for its therapeutic applications in traditional medicine, which are related to its antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antidiarrheal, and muscle relaxant properties. The galls ofP. chinensisare rich in triterpenes and flavonoids, and we here report the extraction of pistagremic acid (1), apigenin (2) and sakuranetin (3) from this source. The isolated compounds were tested againstAspergillus flavus,Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Fusarium solani, Microsporum canisandTrichoderma longibrachiatum. The results highlighted the antimicrobial activity of flavonoids2and3, suggesting that this class of molecules may be responsible for the effect related to the traditional use. On the other hand, when the compounds and the extract were tested for their antiproliferative activity on a panel of 4 human cancer cell lines, the triterpene pistagremic acid (1) showed a higher potential, thus demonstrating a different bioactivity profile. Structure‐based docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to help the interpretation of experimental results. Taken together, the here reported findings pave the way for the rationalization of the use ofP. chinensisextracts, highlighting the contributions of the different components of galls to the observed bioactivity.