bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Workflow Management Model Based on Web Services
Authors: Xu Hong Zhen , Tang Bin , Gui Ying , Wang Huai Ping
Published: June 2010

Workflow technology has emerged as one of those technologies designed to support modeling, designing and executing business processes. One of the major limitations of current workflow management systems is the lack of flexibility to support dynamic management of workflows. In this paper, we propose a dynamic workflow management model based on web services. We integrate web services and ontology technologies to support dynamic specifying, monitoring, analyzing, designing, configuring and executing workflows. We explain the need and functionality of the main modules and interfaces of the model, and introduce its application in a case study. An important feature of this model is to support for planning and adaptive workflow management.
DWT-Based Adaptive Filter and its Application on Canceling Noise in Mechanical Signals
Authors: Sui Wen Tao , Zhang Dan
Published: June 2010

A method for canceling noise in mechanical signals was presented, which was based on adaptive filtering and discrete wavelet transform Through multi-scale decomposition of wavelet transform, the isolated noise components was as the input signals of the adaptive filter. Through the simulated signal, it shows that the method can achieve noise reduction of non-stationary signals. The proposed approach for noise reduction has been successfully applied to fault diagnosis of bearing signals.
Design of Intelligent Sensing System for Tire Pressure
Authors: Chen Ran , Sun Dong Ye
Published: June 2010

A new kind design scheme of sensing system for tire pressure monitoring system was introduced in this paper. In order to measure the condition of the tire in real time, MCU, MEMS sensor, thermometer, and wireless communication technology is used in this new system. The MEMS sensor and RF emitter was directly installed in tire. It was transmitted for receiver installed in cab by wireless after gas pressure data gathered. It sensed in time pressure condition by receiver, so that driver adopted corresponding countermeasure. The design of hardware and software is discussed in details.
Genetic Algorithm Based on Chaos Optimization
Authors: Xiu Chun Bo , Lu Li Fen , Cheng Yi
Published: June 2010

A hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed based on chaos optimization. The optimization process can be divided into two stages every iteration, one is genetic coarse searching and the other is chaos elaborate searching. Genetic algorithm searches the global solutions in the origin space. An elaborate space near the center of superior individuals is divided from the origin space, which is searched by chaos optimization adequately to generate new better superior individuals for genetic operation. The elaborate space can be compressed quickly to accelerate searching rate and enhance the searching efficiency. In this way, the algorithm has global searching ability and fast convergence rate. The simulation results prove that the algorithm can give satisfied results to function optimization problems.
Research on the Intelligent Quality Management System of Supply Chains Based on Six Sigma Theory
Authors: Lei Qi , Yi Shuang Qing , Pan Li Wei , Song Yu Chuan
Published: June 2010

Aiming at the features of the common Supply Chain quality management, an intelligent Supply Chain quality management system based on Six Sigma theory was proposed. The Six Sigma workflow, organizational framework and system goal were adopted in the system overall design, and some traditional Six Sigma tools were integrated into the system. A sub-system for expansive intelligent Six Sigma expert model was designed, which solved the problem of knowledge acquisition in the general expert system and endowed the system with the characteristic of local intelligence.
A Type of Customer Acquisition and Retaining Policy
Authors: Cao Xiao Gang , Xia Huo Song , Wen Hui
Published: June 2010

This article analyzes the customer acquisition and retaining policy and then build a customer acquisition and retaining model according to the practical market investigation. This model provides some managerial insights about the customer decision for the firm which can be directly implemented in the management practice.
A Novel Algorithm for Multiple Space Vehicles Positioning
Authors: Gao Jun Yao , Yang Jing Shu , Zeng Fang Ling
Published: June 2010

The paper presents a novel algorithm for multiple space vehicles positioning. The algorithm first positions the ground stations using multiple space vehicles with initial coordinates, then calculates the differences of the ground stations position results and their real coordinates, at last uses the differences to estimate the revised error for space vehicles’ coordinates. It can use iterative method to achieve needed precision of the SV’s coordinates. At last, simulation results prove the stability and credibility of the algorithm in space vehicles positioning.
Research on Customer Satisfaction Indexes for Dinning Based on ANP
Authors: Wei Jin Yu , Zhuang Jing , Bi Ran
Published: June 2010

with the development of economic, the service industry which is one of the most important component of GDP, is developing very fast. This paper provided a method to evaluate the priorities on dinning service. The factors which affect the dinning service were setup and an evaluation model was built. With the method analytic Network Process, the priority of factors was compute.
Studies on the Bidirectional Exciting Control for the Seismic Analysis of the Soil Mechanics
Authors: Sang Yong , Shao Long Tan
Published: June 2010

According to the seismic analysis of the soil mechanics for the major and complex geotechnical engineering projects such as highway, high-speed railway, subway, dams and so on, there is acute lack testing instrument considering the level earthquake load and the vertical earthquake load. In order to resolve this problem a new design plan is putted forward in this paper, which can generate bidirectional exciting force with designed amplitude ratio, phase and waveform. The radial exciting subsystem (water pressure) and the axial exciting subsystem (force) are both built by the hydraulic servo systems. The two subsystems have excellent dynamic response characteristics. Several key technical issues existing in bidirectional exciting control have been discussed in detail such as: (1) high-precision unconventional bidirectional exciting control strategy; (2) decoupling control methods in the bidirectional exciting process; (3) real-time compensation by using digital image technology. The instrument will provide advanced test conditions for the complex geotechnical engineering.
Research on Interpolation Algorithm for NC Machining Trace Control Based on Midpoint Interpolation
Authors: Chen Shu Fa , Li Zong Ling , Han Fu Shan
Published: June 2010

Point-by-point comparison interpolation algorithm is often applied to NC （Numerical Control）system, however，there are some problems such as lag in phase, out of step and low-speed crawl for higher feed velocity（ ≥3000mm/min）in multi-axes synchronous machining system, which influences response velocity and interpolation precision of NC system. In view of this， based on the point-by-point comparison principle , the midpoint interpolation algorithm for deviation judgment in NC machining trace control was proposed, mathmatical model of interpolation established, the deviation judgement function of the interpolation algorithm improved and optimized. It is shown from comparative analysis and practical application of midpoint interpolation algorithm that the interpolation precision raises from 1 to 0.5 pulse equivalent, interpolation points reduce greatly, response velocity quickens and interpolation precision heightens as well.
Evaluation of Software Dependability Based on Pi Calculus
Authors: Zhao Qian , Wang Hui Qiang , Feng Guang Sheng , Lv Hong Wu
Published: June 2010

Evaluation is an important and basic issue for software dependability. However, traditional researches mostly focused on the conceptions and properties of dependability, which resulted in lots of different views about software dependability. Based upon Pi Calculus, dependable action path of software and real action path are set up through series of actions, which is decomposed by running software behaviors. In addition, three kinds of relationships between behaviors are defined. Consequently, the dependability is calculated by comparing the real running software actions to the decomposed ones based on the defined relationships. Experimental result conducted by MWB shows that the proposed method in one behavior is reasonable. At last, a real experiment proves the proposed measure method is more valid than traditional one.
Agricultural Modernization Index System and Evaluation Method Research
Authors: Zhou Qing Yuan , Luo Jian Jian , Liu Qing Chao
Published: June 2010

Modernization is the inevitable way for progress of human society, in which the agricultural modernization is an important component. To achieve modernization, including the agricultural one, is a significant strategic objectives for chinese government. The agricultural modernization is a dynamic process, and to establish the modernize index system can help developing the whole process of agricultural modernization into a measurable process, which is beneficial for the nation and government departments at all levels to advance the relatively objective understanding about the status and development trend of agricultural modernization. The paper has developed a set of agricultural modernization index system, and proposed the evaluation method of agricultural modernization level based on this set of index system. To evaluate the agricultural modernization with this method makes the agricultural modernization development throughout the country comparable, which helps reflecting the actual local development level of agricultural modernization, meanwhile, it provides theoretical basis for adjusting agricultural modernization goal in time.
Structural Parameter Optimization and Simulation Analysis of the Chemical Sensor Support for Food Safety Detection
Authors: Zhao Fu , Wang Ping , Gong Yan Jue , Zhang Li , Meng Chun Ling
Published: June 2010

This paper focuses on the structural optimization of chemical sensor support for food safety detection. The mechanical characteristic of chemical sensor support is influenced greatly by its structural parameters. Aiming at improving dynamic stiffness of the support, the modal analysis is implemented with the dynamic theory and the finite element analysis. And a group of rational structure parameters are determined through the optimum calculation. The validity simulation of the optimization is verified by the analyses of the random vibration and harmonic response. The results demonstrate that the performance of the support of the chemical sensor applied for the food detection is enhanced greatly by the presented optimization method here.
Airflow Simulation of the Huge Telescope Assemble
Authors: Zhao Fu , Wang Ping , Gong Yan Jue , Liu Yu De , Xin Hong Bin
Published: June 2010

With the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics method, the airflow effects over the huge telescope assemble is investigated in this article. The distributing of velocity field and natural convection are studied by modeling and simulating the turbulent airflow of the huge telescope. Numerical simulations show the best observation direction is the 90o angle between the main optics axis and the horizontal line in which the air velocity distribution is the least. And the air temperature distribution and uniformity around the telescope are also provided by simulation.
The Properties of Multidimensional Semi-Orthogonal Frame Wavelet Packets
Authors: Chen Qing Jiang , Wang Yu Ying
Published: June 2010

Wavelet analysis has become a popular subject in scientific research during the past twenty years. In this work, we introduce the notion of vector-valued multiresolution analysis and vector-valued multivariate wavelet packets associated with an integer-valued dilation matrix. A novel method for constructing multi-dimen-
-sional vector-valued wavelet packet is presented. Their characteristics are researched by means of operator theory, time-frequency analysis method and matrix theory. Three orthogonality formulas concerning the wavelet packets are established. Orthogonality decomposition relation formulas of the space are derived by constructing a series of subspaces of wavelet packets. Finally, one new orthonormal wavelet packet bases of are constructed from these wavelet packets.
Particle Filter with Constraints for Articulated Upper Body Tracking
Authors: Liu Qiong , Peng Guang Zheng
Published: June 2010

For sophisticated background, a human body tracking algorithm using particle filter based on a 3D articulated body model is introduced. First, a high-fidelity biomechanical upper body model, which is accurate for representing varies complicated human poses and simple to be developed, has been built. Then sequences of images are obtained by using a stereo camera. After calibration, verification and background subtraction, depth map, foreground silhouette, arms skeleton are chosen to construct the likelihood function. The state vectors describing the human pose are computed by fitting the articulated body model to observed person using particle filter. In order to reduce the computational complexity and the number of particles, constraints are employed to restrict the state parameters. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can track human upper body with different poses, different person under different illumination conditions fast and accurately.
Dynamic Flow Scheduling in Air Traffic Network Based on Game Theory
Authors: Wang Si Liang
Published: June 2010

Recently, many works have employed deterministic strategies in dealt with flow scheduling problem in Air traffic flow management (ATFM). In practice, however, they are proved unreasonable for omitting airline’s preference in ATFM. In this paper, we develop a novel air traffic flow control model based on game theory to solve this problem in air traffic network. In the flow model, a resource (link/time pair in air traffic network) allocation strategy that uses sequential game method to predict traffic allocation is proposed in resource sharing environment. The problem of multiple airlines competes for an optimal route is formulated as a multi-player dynamic game. Through finding the Nash equilibrium solution of the multi-player dynamic game, the optimal flow scheduling is also formed at the same time. The flow model also incorporates many key characteristics of ATFM, such as competitive airlines, allowing multiply flow control strategies and so on. Numerical simulation results show the feasibility of solving the air traffic flow control problem using game theory on the air traffic network.
Research on Course Radius Measurement for Vertical Petroleum Tank Volume Metrology Based on 3D Laser Scan Principle
Authors: Wang Jin Tao , Liu Zi Yong , Zhang Long , Guo Li Gong , Bao Xue Song , Tong Lin
Published: June 2010

One course radius measurement method for vertical petroleum tank volume metrology based on 3D laser scan principle was researched. Method of distance measurement by laser phase-shift technology and angular measurement by optical grating was applied to acquire coordinates of points in each course under the control of servo system. The permitted error of measured point location is 2mm. Fitting algorithms base on direct iterative method (DIM) and least square method (LSM) were used to process measured data and deduce equivalent radius of each course. In comparison experiment, one 1000m3 vertical tank was used as test object. Compared to strapping method (international mandatory standard), the maximal deviation radius value of method discussed is 2.8mm. The maximal difference of radius value calculated by DIM and LSM is 0.1mm. The experimental results verified the method discussed in this paper.
On Cancer Nanotechnology
Authors: Bosetti Rita , Vereeck Lode
Published: June 2010

Although governments invest billions of dollars in cancer research, cancer remains one of the major causes of death worldwide (Liu et al., 2007). During the last decades, outstanding results have been attained in fundamental cancer biology but, unfortunately, they have not been translated in even distantly comparable progressions in the clinic. The main reason for this gap being the inability to administer therapeutic agents so that they can reach target cells without or with minimal side-effects (Ferrari, 2005). Today, scientists are faced with the recognition that very few molecules reach the desired locations and thus fail to selectively reach the target cells. Consequently, patients experience a very poor quality of life (Ferrari, 2004; Ferrari, 2005; Chan, 2006).
Carbon Nanotube Composite Scaffolds and Coatings for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Boccaccini Aldo Roberto , Gerhardt Lutz Christian
Published: June 2010

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are composed of two-dimensional hexagonal graphite sheets rolled up to form into a seamless hollow tube or cylinder of diameters ranging from 0.7 to 100 nm and length of several micrometres up to several millimetres [1, 2]. CNTs can be synthesised in two configurations, as single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs). Whereas SWCNTs are made of one tubular structure, MWCNTs consist of concentrically arranged carbon tubes with a typical spacing of ≈ 0.34 nm between the different layers. Owing to their remarkable structural characteristics (light weight, high aspect ratio, high specific surface area), as well as attractive mechanical (high stiffness and strength), electrical (high conductivity) and chemical (versatile surface chemistry, easily to functionalise) properties [2], there is increasing interest in biomedical applications of CNTs.
Laser Surface Hardening of GCr15 Bearing Steel Ring
Authors: Akhter R. , Hussain A. , Farooq W.A. , Aslam M.
Published: June 2010

Surface hardening of GCr15 bearing steel ring was carried out using CW CO2 laser. The laser power used was in the range of 300 to 500 Watts. A rectangular beam shape was used to cover the area to be hardened. A three fold increase in the hardness of the transformed zone was achieved. The depth of hardness attained was around 1mm. The depth and width of the laser treated zone were studied as function of laser power and working speed for specific spot size. The microstructure of the transformed zone is also discussed. Subzero cooling technique was applied to convert the retained austenite to martensite.
Optical and Structural Analysis of GeC Thin Films Deposited by Reactive Pulsed Laser Ablation Technique
Authors: Shafi H.Z. , Mahmood A. , Ali Z. , Mehmood M.
Published: June 2010

GeC thin films have been prepared by reactive pulsed laser ablation technique. Methane pressure (PCH4) was varied from 0 to 75 milli torrs (mT). Optical analysis of all the samples was performed by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The optical constants i.e. refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), absorption coefficient (α) and thickness of deposited film(s) were obtained by modeling and simulations of ellipsometric data. It was found that deposition parameter (change in pressure of methane) has a profound effect on the properties of the deposited films. To support our results of optical analysis, other important diagnostic techniques like atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. were employed.
Development of Wear Resistant Nano Dispersed Composite Coating by Electrodeposition
Authors: Saha R.K. , Haq I.U. , Khan T.I. , Glenesk L.B.
Published: June 2010

This study concerns the development of wear resistant coatings of Ni-Al2O3 composite on steel substrates by electrodeposition. Each of the coating experiments was performed in an electrolytic bath, containing a nano-sized dispersion of Al2O3 particles in nickel sulfate and boric acid solution. Composition of the coating mixture was systematically varied with respect to the contents of the dispersed particles, while the amount of the dissolved nickel sulfate, and boric acid and the applied current were kept constant during the experimental measurements. The coated substrates were characterized for their morphology, Vickers hardness, and scratch resistance properties. It was observed that hardness and scratch resistance of the coated substrates increased with an increase in the Al2O3 content in the coating. It was noted that hardness of the composite coating decreased after heat treatment at 400oC in air atmosphere.
New Trends in Wide Bandgap Semiconductors: Synthesis of Single Crystalline Silicon Carbide Layers by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique on P-Type Silicon (100 and/or 111) and their Characterization
Authors: Iqbal F. , Ali A. , Mehmood A. , Yasin M. , Raja A. , Gerges A.S. , Baang S. , Asghar M. , Hasan M.A.
Published: June 2010

We report the growth of SiC layers on low cost p-type silicon (100 and/or 111) substrates maintained at constant temperature (1050 - 1350oC, ∆T=50oC) in a low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor. Typical Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed a dominant peak at 800 cm-1 due to Si-C bond excitation. Large area x-ray diffraction spectra revealed single crystalline cubic structures of 3C-SiC(111) and 3C-SiC(200) on Si(111) and Si(100) substrates, respectively. Cross-sectional views exposed by scanning electron microscopy display upto 104 µm thick SiC layer. Energy dispersive spectroscopy of the layers demonstrated stiochiometric growth of SiC. Surface roughness and morphology of the films were also checked with the help of atomic force microscopy. Resistivity of the as-grown layers increases with increasing substrate temperature due to decrease of isolated intrinsic defects such as silicon and/or carbon vacanies having activation energy 0.59 ±0.02 eV.
Analysis of Material Coating for Damping in Beam Structures
Authors: Raza S.H. , Malik M.A. , Akram W.
Published: June 2010

Vibratory stresses are the main cause of material failure in aerospace/mechanical structures and machine components. Failure also occurs due to these vibratory stresses in gas turbine engines and rotating machinery components while operating at resonant frequency. A magnetomechanical coating material is used as a very effective method for damping of these stresses. Vibratory stress damping in components like turbine blades through magnetomechanical coating material is well known in literature. However, the geometric correlations for the varying coated beam are not well established. We have utilized a cantilever beam as the basic geometry for this investigation to establish a correlation for varying coating. Beam theory is applied as a mathematical model for obtaining the mode shapes for the beam. A finite element procedure is performed to acquire the data and this data is then correlated with beam theory model for initial verification. This data is further evaluated to form the required model for calculating thickness of coating for a beam. The resulting parametric correlation is verified through comparison with the already published experimental data available in literature. This correlation can be used as a design tool for suppression of vibratory stresses in industrial applications.
Study of the Effect of Coating Thickness, Substrate Temperature and Biasing Voltage on Various Characteristics of AlN Film
Authors: Ali F. , Qasim A.M. , Imran S. , Mehmood M. , Jamil A. , Maqsood M.
Published: June 2010

AlN thin films have a wide range of applications in electronic devices. AlN thin films are used as a protective coating of thermo printing devices and also as a material of cold cathodes. Moreover, these thin films are the most promising piezoelectric materials for surface acoustic wave (SAW) applications. In this work, thin films of AlN were grown on glass and MS substrates by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. The crystallographic and micro-structural properties of sputtered AlN films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The films were found to be having hexagonal crystalline AlN structure in all cases irrespective of deposition parameters. However, Al peaks were also observed showing simultaneous metallic layer deposition. Grain growth was observed with increase in film thickness. Biasing resulted in better adhesion of the nitride film with the substrate. Hardness measurements were also made for different deposition parameters, but less significant changes were observed.
Ultra-Fine Ferrite Grain Refinement by Static Re-Crystallization of Hot Rolled Vanadium Micro-Alloyed Steels
Authors: Ahmad E. , Manzoor T. , Sarwar M.
Published: June 2010

The phenomenon of ultrafine-grain refinement of ferrite during transformational grain refinement (TGR) followed by static re-crystallization of vanadium micro-alloyed steels was studied. A substantial grain refinement (2.8m) was attained during TGR process by rolling at 900°C. Cold rolling with 70% of reduction introduced strain, utilized for re-crystallization during annealing at different temperatures. Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) technique was employed to quantify the low angle grain boundaries (LAGB) and high angle grain boundaries (HAGB) spacings and results were correlated with hardness drops during annealing process. At higher annealing times and temperatures the vanadium precipitates restricted the process of grain growth probably due to effective dispersion strengthenening. The abnormal grain growth during annealing, predicted previously for niobium steels, found absent in the present vanadium microalloyed steels.
Effect of Thermal Treatment on Coercivity of SmCo5 Sintered Magnets
Authors: Haider A. , Akhtar S. , Ahmad Z. , Farooque M.
Published: June 2010

Permanent magnet materials composed of transition and rare earth metals exhibit high energy products. Samarium cobalt magnets are developed and research is done to have high coercivity. Chemistry is varied from 34 to 36 weight percent of samarium in Sm1Co5 compound. Effect of chemistry and sintering treatment temperatures on final properties has been studied. Magnets are manufactured by powder metallurgical technique involving isostatic pressing and sintering in inert atmosphere at temperatures range of 1140-1170°C. Then the magnets are subject to post sintering aging treatment in temperature range of 800-900°C. It is observed that coercivity of Sm1Co5 magnet varies with aging temperature and can be improved by post sintering aging treatment.
The Growth and Characterization of the Cerium Contained Inorganic Halide Scintillators
Authors: Rooh G. , Kim Hong Joo , Kim S.
Published: June 2010

A report on the crystal growth, luminescence and scintillation characteristics of two developed scintillators, CsCe2Cl7 and Cs2NaCeCl6 are presented. CsCe2Cl7 is a new scintillation material. These crystals were grown by the Czochralski pulling technique. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to verify the structure of crystals. Under the X-ray excitation emission, the CsCe2Cl7 showed a broad emission band in the wavelength range from 370 to 470 nm while the Cs2NaCeCl6 crystal showed a spectrum in the wavelength range from 370 to 440 nm. The energy resolutions (FWHM of peak position) for the 662 keV full energy peak of 5.5% and 8.3% were observed at room temperature for the CsCe2Cl7 and Cs2NaCeCl6 crystals, respectively. The scintillation decay time measurement curves showed that, CsCe2Cl7 crystal has a single exponential decay function with a decay time of 50 ns. The Cs2NaCeCl6 crystal exhibited three main decay time components, a short component with a decay time constant of 91 ns and 36% intensity, an intermediate component with a decay time constant of 601 ns and intensity 33%, followed by a long component with a 3.2 µs decay time constant and an intensity of 31% of the total light yield. On the basis of the scintillation results of these materials grown, it is believe that these scintillation crystals can find a place in medical imaging and radiation detection system.
Elastic and Plastic Properties of Soda Lime Glass by Micro-Indentation
Authors: Hussain F. , Ali A.
Published: June 2010

Brittle cracking in a residual impression can be observed during micro indentation testing of brittle materials. The formation of these cracks in the residual impression depends upon the nature of materials, geometry of indenter, testing load, dwell time and depth of penetration. The area adjacent to the cracks may be appearing either as raised up or sunk down at the edges. This plastic residual impression can be used to obtain various elastic and plastic properties of brittle materials such as shear strength, fracture toughness, crack resistance, surface strength, etc. In present work Soda Lime Glass was studied by micro indentation test carried on Vickers hardness testing method using diamond pyramid indenter. Indentations were obtained on glass using different loads with different dwell times. These indentations generated micro cracks on surface. It was observed that on low values of load no visible cracks were found but on increasing the load the nucleation of crack started its critical value. On further increasing the load the steady growth of crack was observed. The dwell time also affects the propagation of the crack, as the dwell time increased the crack propagation shifts toward higher values. Results were analyzed in the form of load versus crack size for different dwell times focusing on the onset of crack propagation. The results obtained during study were applied to relate various elastic and plastic properties of Soda Lime Glass.
Germanium Quantum Dot Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells
Authors: Abbas M. , Ali B. , Shah S.I. , Akhter P.
Published: June 2010

The size of Germanium (Ge) Quantum Dots (GQD’s) in Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) can be tailored, using different techniques like sputtering, laser ablation and sol gel. Similarly the absorption range of Ge may also be broadened in visible and NIR range. We report the use of Ge QD’s to sensitize meso-porous TiO2 film to make quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSC) for the next generation photovoltaics. Ge -TiO2 nano-porous thin films were deposited using rf- planer magnetron sputtering using various ranges of rf-power, Argon pressure and substrate temperature. The fabricated films with various Ge concentrations were studied using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), High Angle Annular Dark Field Imaging (HAADF) and UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS).In the thin film meso-structure the Ge dots were embedded in the TiO2 matrix. The average particle size of Ge quantum dots was determined by HAADF. The solar cell performance has been checked using sun simulator. Experimental ways to improve cell performance are discussed.
Analysis of Cold-Rolled Strip Profile in UCM Mill by Finite Element Method
Authors: Zhang Yun , Yang Quan , Wang Xiao Chen , Du Xiao Zhong , Zheng Xuan , Wang Lian Sheng
Published: June 2010

In order to analyze the effect of entry strip thickness, entry strip crown and intermediate roll shifting on strip profile and rolling force distribution, a three dimension finite element model of rolls-strip in UCM mill was established and employed. The results showed that the increases of entry strip thickness and entry strip crown would lead to the increase of exit strip crown and edge drop under the same total rolling force; the strip crown and edge drop would be decreased if the intermediate roll shifting δi was decreased. Moreover, the rolling force distribution also was analyzed in details by changing the entry strip thickness, the entry strip crown and the intermediate roll shifting.
Experimental Study on the Performance of WC-Co Inserts in Turning 4Cr13 Die Steel
Authors: Niu Qiu Lin , An Qing Long , Chen Ming , Liu Gang , Zhang Yun Shan
Published: June 2010

These years, the mold has become a very important forming tool in modern industry. And the die steel is the most important technical and material base in mold industry. To obtain the optimized cutting parameters, this paper introduced the cutting performance of WC-Co carbide cutting tools (P10) from cutting force, the surface roughness, chip deformation and the chip-breaking performance in turning 4Cr13 die steel. And the cutting parameters were optimized by homogeneous design method and multiple linear regression analysis method in this paper. The regression models on cutting forces and surface roughness with the cutting parameters were studied and taken the tests of significance. The result showed that it was more suitable for finish turning 4Cr13 die steel using WC-Co carbide tools at vc =183.3m/min, f=0.2mm/r, ap=0.75mm or vc =200m/min, f=0.1mm/r, ap=1mm.
Surface Integrity when Drilling Nickel-Based Superalloy under MQL Supply
Authors: Rahim Erween Abdul , Sasahara Hiroyuki
Published: June 2010

The components being manufactured in aerospace industry must be capable of being utilized for long periods without failure. Thus, the functional behavior of these machined components is greatly dependent upon their surface integrity. The present work compares the performance of palm oil and synthetic ester on surface integrity when drilling of Inconel 718. The results indicate the substantial benefit of MQL by palm oil on microhardness, surface roughness, surface defects and sub-surface deformation.
Research on the Removal Mechanism of Engineering Ceramics Based on Energy Density
Authors: Tian Xin Li , Zhang Bao Guo , Yang Jun Fei , Guo Fang , Yu Ai Bing
Published: June 2010

Based on the calculation of energy density for several kinds of non-traditional machining process of engineering ceramics, the material removal mechanism for ceramics was studied. The studies revealed that the key reason for these technologies to machine ceramics effectively is high-energy-density. For Laser machining, EDM and plasma arc cutting, the material was removed by the high temperature ablation while the high density energy is applied to material surface. For high pressure abrasive water jet machining, the material was removed by erosion using the abrasive particles with high density energy. The ceramics was machined by micro-detonation arc under the synergy of ablation and erosion.
Wear Behavior of the CVD and PVD Coated Piercing Punch
Authors: Chumrum Pakorn , Premanond Varunee
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of PVD and CVD process of TiCN film coating on SKH51 JIS tool steel on reducing wear in piercing operation. Both processes of PVD and CVD were carried out under commercial conditions. It was found that the amount of wear found for TiCN-PVD coated punch is lower than that of CVD coated punch. Adhesive strength of film coated by CVD technique is found lower which is related to photograph taken from SEM show major adhesive wear.
Sputter-Deposited ZrO2 Gate Dielectric on High Mobility Epitaxial-GaAs/Ge Channel Material for Advanced CMOS Applications
Authors: Dalapati Goutam Kumar , Kumar Avishek , Wong Andrew See Weng , Kumar Manippady Krishna , Chia Ching Kean , Ho Ghim Wei , Chi Dong Zhi
Published: June 2010

Sputtered-deposited ZrO2 gate dielectric on epitaxial-GaAs/Ge substrates have been studied for complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) applications. The epitaxial-GaAs (epi-GaAs) on Ge susbstrates with AlGaAs interlayer was grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition at 650oC. High resolution transmission electron microscopy ((HRTEM) shows that the epilayers are free from arsenic anti-phase defects (APD). From secondary ion mass spectrometry, it was confirmed that the Ge diffusion is completely blocked by the AlGaAs layer and no Ge atoms are able to penetrate into the GaAs layer. The macroscopic surface roughness of epitaxial GaAs is ~5.3nm, whereas over 200x200nm is 0.4 nm, which is comparable with bulk GaAs. Althogh, the epi-GaAs has nano-scale surface features; the conduction-AFM shows electrically homogeneous surface. The electrical and interfacial properties of MOS capacitors with sputtered deposited ZrO2 dielectric on epitaxial-GaAs/Ge and bulk GaAs substrates were investigated. The frequency dispersion and hysteresis voltage for directly deposited ZrO2 on epi-GaAs is higher compared with bulk p-GaAs, however, it is comparable with bulk n-GaAs. The interfacial and electrical properties of ZrO2 on epi-GaAs have shown to exhibit better electrical characteristics after post deposition annealing (PDA) at 400oC. The apparent doping profile of the epitaxial layer is unchanged with PDA temperatures, which suggest the less cross-diffusion of Ge, Ga, and As during device fabrication. The degradation of the gate oxide quality and interface properties are mainly due to the high surface roughness of epitaxial layer and also presence of elemental out diffusion of Ga and As.
Finite Element Simulations of A1100 / A3003 (A6063) Sandwich Sheet Rolling Processing
Authors: Chen Dyi Cheng , Cao Jia Hao
Published: June 2010

This study performs DEFORMTM 3D three-dimensional finite element simulations to analyze the plastic deformation of A1100 / A3003 sandwich sheets during rolling. The finite element code is based on a rigid-plastic model, and the simulations in this study assume that the rollers are rigid bodies and that the deformation-induced change in temperature during rolling is negligible. The rolled product comprises a central sheet of A1100 aluminum alloy sandwiched between upper and lower sheets of either A3003 or A6063 aluminum alloy. The simulations examine the effects of sheet thickness and reduction ratio on the maximum effective stress, maximum effective strain, Y-direction load, and maximum damage induced within the rolled product. This study also compares the simulation results for the final thicknesses of the three layers in the rolled A1100 / A3003 (A6063) sandwich sheet with experimental measurements and bonding conditions.
Rapid Prototyping STL Reconstruction for CT Medical Image in Fused Deposition Modelling
Authors: Wang Chung Shing , Chang Teng Ruey , Wang Wei Hua A. , Lin Man Ching
Published: June 2010

The main objective of this research is to reconstruct 3D rapid prototyping (RP) models for computer tomography (CT) medical images in fused deposition modeling (FDM). It demonstrates a technique to convert medical images to points cloud, and simplify into STL (Stereo-Lithography) triangular meshes for RP machine in fused deposition modelling. The grey prediction algorithm is used to sort contour point data in each layer of the medical image. The contour difference detection operation is used to sequence the points for each layer. The 3D STL meshes are then constructed by layer-by-layer sequence meshes algorithm to build the STL file. Once this STL file is saved, a 3D physical model of the medical image can be fabricated by FDM RP manufacturing, and its virtual reality model can also be presented for visualization. CT images of a human skull and femur bone were used as the case studies for the construction of the 3D solid model with medical images. The STL models generated using this new methodology compared to commercial computer-aided design (CAD) models. The results of this research are therefore clinically reliable in reconstructing 3D STL models for CT medical images.
Fabrication Inner Channel Ceramics Using Layer Additive Method
Authors: Liu Fwu Hsing , Lin Wen Hsueng , Shen Yung Kang , Lee Jeou Long
Published: June 2010

This paper presents a layer additive method, ceramic laser curing, to form a ceramic part with inner channel features, by which silica powder is bonded by curing effect under disposal of a 20W CO2 laser. This process includes four steps: making slurry by mixing a binder with ceramic powder, paving the slurry on the surface of a platform, scanning the paved slurry layer via laser beam, removing the un-cured slurries from the solidified ceramic component. This process needed only low laser power to build ceramic parts by using “curing effect”. The deflection and shrinkage of ceramics could be decreased, also the distortion due to post sintering process was avoidable. The inner channel structures were support by ceramic slurries to avoid the sagged deflection and to maintain the dimensional accuracy. The maximum flexural strength of the cured specimen was 4.7 MPa. This process has potential to fabricate inner complex ceramic components for industrial applications.
Some Aspects of Improving Integrity of Machined Surfaces on Al/SiCp Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Dabade Uday A. , Joshi Suhas S.
Published: June 2010

This paper presents findings of an experimental work which involved use of wiping edge on the cutting tool and a priory heating of the work surfaces to improve the integrity of machined surfaces. The wiper edge cleans the machined surface and a priory heating induces necessary local ductility into the machined surface to promote improvement in the surface integrity. The result shows that the wiper inserts reduce surface roughness (by about 38%); cutting forces (by about 8%) and induce compressive (or lower tensile) residual stresses in the machined surfaces, hence help to improve the surface integrity. Similarly, a priory heating of work surfaces at 70°C was also found to improve machined surface roughness considerably.
Cutting Characteristic of Polycarbonate Sheet Subjected to Wedge Indentation by Knife Edge and Grooved Plate
Authors: Nagasawa Shigeru , Masaki Yuuya , Fujikura Masatoshi , Fukuzawa Yasushi
Published: June 2010

Asymmetric plunge cutting by using grooved knife edge plate was proposed for advanced die cutting of a polycarbonate (PC) sheet. By varying the tip angle U and the tip thickness wU of knife edge in the counter plate, and combining a standard steel cutting rule of 42° center bevel blade, a cutting load response of PC sheet was investigated and also that deformation was observed by a CCD camera. Through this works, the followings were found: 1) there were two deformation modes of sheared profile. 2) The tip thickness wU was a primary factor, compared to the tip angle of U. 3) The equivalent wedge angle effect was revealed with respect to the upper/lower angles  and U, while the PC sheet was bent up by the lower knife indentation.
Formability of Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr Biomaterial at High Temperatures
Authors: Tan Ming Jen , Hassan Syed Fida , Akahori Toshikazu , Niinomi Mitsuo
Published: June 2010

Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr has been recently developed as a biomaterial showing most potential. The study here was conducted to investigate the high temperature deformation behavior under uniaxial tensile stress at various temperatures (i.e., 700°C, 800°C and 900°C) with different initial strain rates at atmospheric condition. Results of the high temperature tensile tests show a significant improved elongation-to-failure of this novel biomaterial at elevated temperatures compared to open literature, and hence its formability potential.
Experimental Study on the Chip Geometry and Shear Angle in Micro-Cutting Aluminum 7050-T7451
Authors: Zhou Jun , Li Jian Feng , Sun Jie
Published: June 2010

In this paper, the micro-scale machining characteristics of a non-ferrous structural alloy, aluminum 7050-T7451 is investigated through a series of cutting experiments. The effects of cutting speed and undeformed chip thickness on the chip geometry, cutting ratio, effective rake angle and shear angle in orthogonal micro-scale cutting of Al 7075-T7451 are presented. Explanations for the observed trends are also given.
Finite Element Analysis of Micro-Cutting Aluminum 7050-T7451 with the Tool Edge Radius Considered
Authors: Zhou Jun , Li Jian Feng , Sun Jie
Published: June 2010

In this paper, a series of simulation works by finite element method for predicting the temperature and the plastic strain distributions in micro cutting process with the tool edge radius considered were conducted. The workpiece is Aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 and its flow stress is taken as a function of strain, strain rate and temperature in order to reflect realistic behavior in machining process. From the simulation works, a lot of information on the micro-machining process can be obtained, such as cutting force, cutting temperature, distributions of temperature and plastic strain, etc. In addition, explanations for the observed trends are also given.
Improvement on Yield of Anisotropic Conductive Film Attach Process in TFT-LCD Module Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Kuo Jian Long , Chao Kai Lun , Hsieh Chung Hao
Published: June 2010

Anisotropic Conductive Film (ACF) is one of the important materials in LCM (Liquid Crystal Module) process, it is used in bonding process to make the driving circuit conductive. Because the price of TFT-LCD is much lower than before in recent years, the ACF cost has higher ratio in manufacture cost. The conventional long bar ACF attach unit is changed to short bar ACF attach unit in new bonding equipment. However, the new type machine was not optimized in process and mechanical design. Therefore, the failure rate of ACF attach process is much higher than the one of conventional method. This wastes the material and rework cost is also invisible. How to make the manufacturing cost down effectively and promote the product quality will be the important concern to keep the product competition. Therefore, the Taguchi method is used to analyze the problem. The ACF attach yield rate is selected to be objective function for optimization. By the optimization of quality characteristic using Taguchi method, the plasma clean speed, ACF peeling speed and ACF cutter spring setting are studied to optimize the design parameters.
Design on Hybrid Ceramic Bearing Based on Water Based Fluid with Controllable Viscosity
Authors: Liu Feng , Lin Bin , Wang Zhan Bin
Published: June 2010

This paper presents a high-speed high-precision spindle system with hybrid ceramic bearing, along with its lubricant design and numerical calculation method. A green and viscosity controllable water based fluid as lubricant of the spindle was designed. Viscosities as a function of temperature were tested. Subsequently, numerical calculation was used to deduce a serious of bearing performances. Based on the results rate of the permeation of porous restrictor, some bearing structure parameters and relative optimum lubricant viscosity were determined. The results of thermal elastohydrodynamic simulation and rotor dynamic analysis indicate that the design of the hybrid ceramic bearing meets security and performance specifications. Finally the structure arrangement of the spindle system was finished.
Analyses of Plastic Flow and Die Design during Hot Extrusion of Magnesium Alloy Strips
Authors: Hwang Yeong Maw , Tu Shih Ming
Published: June 2010

This study involves analyses and experiments of hot extrusion of magnesium alloy strips. Hot compression tests were firstly conducted to obtain the magnesium alloy’s plastic flow stresses at high temperatures. These data are used in the finite element simulations of the thin strip extrusion process. Using the FE simulations, the flow pattern of the magnesium alloy billet within the die, the temperature variation and the thickness distribution at the die exit were analyzed. The effects of different die bearing height design, initial billet temperatures and ram speed on the extrusion load, the temperature at the die exit and the product thickness distribution were also discussed. Finally, hot extrusion experiments were conducted and the experimental values of the extrusion load and dimensions of the products were compared with the analytical values to validate the analytical model. Sound products were obtained using the best designed bearing heights and other appropriate extrusion conditions.