bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring gut microbiota and metabolite alterations in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy using high-throughput sequencing and untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Zhang Xiran , Dong Kui , Zhang Xinxin , Kang Zhiming , Sun Bin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune-driven orbital inflammatory disease. Despite research efforts, its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the intestinal flora and metabolic changes in patients with TAO to identify the flora and metabolites associated with disease development.

Methods

Thirty patients with TAO and 29 healthy controls were included in the study. The intestinal flora and metabolites were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and non-targeted metabolomics technology, respectively. Fresh fecal samples were collected from both populations for analysis.

Results

Reduced gut richness and diversity were observed in patients with TAO. Compared to healthy controls, significant differences in relative abundance were observed in patients with TAO at the order level Clostridiales, family level Staphylococcaceae, genus level Staphylococcus, Fournierella, Eubacterium siraeum, CAG-56, Ruminococcus gnavus, Intestinibacter, Actinomyces, and Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003 (logFC>1 and P<0.05). Veillonella and Megamonas were closely associated with clinical symptoms in patients with TAO. Among the 184 significantly different metabolites, 63 were upregulated, and 121 were downregulated in patients with TAO compared to healthy controls. The biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was the significantly enriched metabolic pathway. Correlation analysis revealed Actinomyces was positively correlated with NAGlySer 15:0/16:0, FAHFA 3:0/20:0, and Lignoceric Acid, while Ruminococcus gnavu was positively correlated with Cer 18:0;2O/16:0; (3OH) and ST 24:1;O4/18:2.

Conclusion

Specific intestinal flora and metabolites are closely associated with TAO development. Further investigation into the functional associations between these flora and metabolites will enhance our understanding of TAO pathogenesis.
Waist circumference glucose, a novel and effective predictor of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Xiaofang , Song Bei , Yao Tianci , Fan Haohui , Liu Ting , Gao Guangyu , Wang Kun , Lu Weilin , Liu Chengyun
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Waist circumference (WC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) have been demonstrated as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence is limited regarding the association of the combination of WC and FPG (WyG) with the risk of T2DM. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between WyG and T2DM.

Research design and methods

The current study was a population-based cohort study using data from the NAGALA database. Participants were divided into tertiles based on WyG. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to identify the association of WyG with T2DM.

Results

During a median follow-up of 6.19 years in the normoglycemia group and 5.58 years in the prediabetes group, respectively, 88 and 285 individuals in the two groups received a diagnosis of T2DM. After full adjustment, risk of T2DM increased in step-wise fashion with increasing tertiles of WyG. For a per-SD increase in WyG, the hazard ratios for T2DM were 3.05 (95% CI 2.64 - 3.51) in all populations, 1.94 (95% CI 1.46 - 2.58) in the normoglycemia group and 1.63 (95% CI 1.40 - 1.90) in the prediabetes group. The interaction between WyG and fatty liver on T2DM was statistically significant in the prediabetes group (P for interaction = 0.034).

Conclusions

Elevated WyG was independently associated with incident T2DM in Japan. Baseline WyG help identify individuals at high risk of T2DM and implement effective preventive measures.
The prevalence, diagnostic accuracy and genotype-phenotype correlation of GNAS mutations in fibrous dysplasia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Ao-Bo , Zhang Jian-Yun , Xue Jiang , Wu Zhen-Chao , Xu Zhi-Xiu , Sun Li-Sha , Li Tie-Jun
Published: July 2024

Background

There is inconsistent evidence regarding the accuracy of GNAS mutations identification for the diagnosis of FD/MAS. This study was performed to estimate the prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of GNAS mutations detection and to preliminarily investigate the genotype-phenotype correlation in FD patients.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched from 1995 to 2024 using search terms related to GNAS and fibrous dysplasia. Observational studies of FD patients undergoing GNAS mutation detection in FD were included.

Results

A total of 878 FD patients were included. The pooled prevalence of GNAS mutations in FD based on the random effects model was 74% (95% CI = 64%–83%). Regarding diagnostic accuracy, a sensitivity of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.65–0.96), specificity of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98–1.00) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 98.38% were found. Additionally, meta-analysis and Fisher’s test showed the GNAS mutation types were significantly associated with FD types (OR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.05 to 11.72; p < 0.05).

Conclusion

A high detection rate of GNAS mutations occurred in FD, and its detection is reliable for diagnosing FD. Additionally, GNAS mutation type was types were significantly associated with FD type.

Systematic Review Registration

Identifier CRD42024553469.
In vitro assessment of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotic Bacillus strains on chicken PBMCs
Authors: Larsberg Filip , Sprechert Maximilian , Hesse Deike , Falker-Gieske Clemens , Loh Gunnar , Brockmann Gudrun A. , Kreuzer-Redmer Susanne
Published: July 2024

The beneficial effects of feeding probiotic Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 (BS) and Bacillus velezensis CECT 5940 (BV) to chickens in vivo are well-documented, with potential immune modulation as a key mechanism. In this study, we investigated the direct interactions of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with BS or BV in vitro through whole transcriptome profiling and cytokine array analysis. Transcriptome profiling revealed 20 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to both Bacillus treatments, with twelve DEGs identified in BS-treated PBMCs and eight in BV-treated PBMCs. Pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) indicated significant regulation of immune-related pathways by both BS and BV. Notably, BS treatment upregulated genes associated with immune cell surface markers (CD4, CD25, CD28), anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), while downregulating the gene encoding pro-inflammatory IL-16. BV treatment similarly affected genes associated with immune cell surface markers, IL-16, and CCL5, with no impact on the gene encoding IL-10. Both treatments induced higher expression of the gene encoding the avian β-defensin 1 (AvBD1). The results of this in vitro study indicate an immunomodulatory effect of BS and BV in chicken PBMCs by regulating genes involved in anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic, protective, and pro-inflammatory responses. Consequently, BS and BV may serve to augment the immune system’s capacity to defend against infection by modulating immune responses and cytokine expression. Thus, the administration of these probiotics holds promise for reducing reliance on antimicrobials in farming practices.
Immunotherapy revolutionizing brain metastatic cancer treatment: personalized strategies for transformative outcomes
Authors: Li Ting , Sun Shichen , Li Yubing , Zhang Yanyu , Wei Linlin
Published: July 2024

Brain metastatic cancer poses a significant clinical challenge, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis for patients. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing brain metastases, offering distinct advantages over conventional treatments. This review explores the evolving landscape of tumor immunotherapy in the context of brain metastatic cancer, focusing on the intricate interplay between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunotherapeutic approaches. By elucidating the complex interactions within the TME, including the role of immune cells, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components, this review highlights the potential of immunotherapy to reshape the treatment paradigm for brain metastases. Leveraging immune checkpoint inhibitors, cellular immunotherapies, and personalized treatment strategies, immunotherapy holds promise in overcoming the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier and immunosuppressive microenvironment of brain metastases. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research findings and future directions, this review underscores the transformative impact of immunotherapy on the management of brain metastatic cancer, offering new insights and opportunities for personalized and precise therapeutic interventions.
Unifying biophysical consciousness theories with MaxCon: maximizing configurations of brain connectivity
Authors: Perez Velazquez Jose Luis , Mateos Diego Martin , Guevara Ramon , Wennberg Richard
Published: July 2024

There is such a vast proliferation of scientific theories of consciousness that it is worrying some scholars. There are even competitions to test different theories, and the results are inconclusive. Consciousness research, far from converging toward a unifying framework, is becoming more discordant than ever, especially with respect to theoretical elements that do not have a clear neurobiological basis. Rather than dueling theories, an integration across theories is needed to facilitate a comprehensive view on consciousness and on how normal nervous system dynamics can develop into pathological states. In dealing with what is considered an extremely complex matter, we try to adopt a perspective from which the subject appears in relative simplicity. Grounded in experimental and theoretical observations, we advance an encompassing biophysical theory, MaxCon, which incorporates aspects of several of the main existing neuroscientific consciousness theories, finding convergence points in an attempt to simplify and to understand how cellular collective activity is organized to fulfill the dynamic requirements of the diverse theories our proposal comprises. Moreover, a computable index indicating consciousness level is presented. Derived from the level of description of the interactions among cell networks, our proposal highlights the association of consciousness with maximization of the number of configurations of neural network connections ―constrained by neuroanatomy, biophysics and the environment― that is common to all consciousness theories.
Polyphenol-based polymer nanoparticles for inhibiting amyloid protein aggregation: recent advances and perspectives
Authors: Fang Shuzhen , Zhang Kangyi , Liu Danqing , Yang Yulong , Xi Hu , Xie Wenting , Diao Ke , Rao Zhihong , Wang Dongxu , Yang Wenming
Published: July 2024

Polyphenols are a group of naturally occurring compounds that possess a range of biological properties capable of potentially mitigating or preventing the progression of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a chronic neurodegenerative disease known as one of the fast-growing diseases, especially in the elderly population. Moreover, as the primary etiology of dementia, it poses challenges for both familial and societal structures, while also imposing a significant economic strain. There is currently no pharmacological intervention that has demonstrated efficacy in treating AD. While polyphenols have exhibited potential in inhibiting the pathological hallmarks of AD, their limited bioavailability poses a significant challenge in their therapeutic application. Furthermore, in order to address the therapeutic constraints, several polymer nanoparticles are being explored as improved therapeutic delivery systems to optimize the pharmacokinetic characteristics of polyphenols. Polymer nanoparticles have demonstrated advantageous characteristics in facilitating the delivery of polyphenols across the blood–brain barrier, resulting in their efficient distribution within the brain. This review focuses on amyloid-related diseases and the role of polyphenols in them, in addition to discussing the anti-amyloid effects and applications of polyphenol-based polymer nanoparticles.
Discovery of oxazine-linked pyrimidine as an inhibitor of breast cancer growth and metastasis by abrogating NF-κB activation
Authors: Yuan Jie , Narasimhachar Bhanuprakash C. , Ravish Akshay , Yang Li , Zhang Hua , Wang Qun , Li Zhi , Huang Jun , Wang Bei , Wang Geng , Kumar Harish Keshav , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Govindasamy Chandramohan , Madegowda Mahendra , Basappa Basappa
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) plays a key role in cancer cell proliferation; thus, small molecule inhibitors of NF-κB activity can effectively inhibit breast cancer (BC) progression. We have previously reported oxazine and piperazine-linked pyrimidines as novel anti-cancer agents that can suppress NF-κB activation in BC cells. Moreover, the TRX-01 compound, an oxazine-linked pyrimidine, inhibited MCF-7 cells at a concentration of 9.17 µM in the Alamar Blue assay.

Methods

This work involved the analysis of frontier molecular orbitals, HOMO-LUMO interactions, and molecular electrostatic potential for the TRX-01 structure. Additionally, the TRX-01 compound was studied for cytotoxicity, and migration as well as invasion assays were performed on BC cells.

Results

Finally, TRX-01 blocked the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in MCF-7 cells and reduced NF-κB and IκBα levels in a dose-dependent manner. It also suppressed migratory and invasive properties of BC cells.

Conclusion

Overall, the data indicates that TRX-01 can function as a novel blocker of BC growth and metastasis by targeting NF-κB activation.
Sequential severe immune-related adverse events induced by PD-1 inhibitor: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xia Jinxiong , Wen Yingmei , Xiao Mengxia , Ye Dafu , Gao Yanjun , Tang Dongling , Zhang Xiuyun , Chen Jinling , Li Qingqing , Yao Yi
Published: July 2024

In a variety of cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated substantial survival advantages. Nevertheless, the widespread use of ICIs in the clinic has resulted in a growing interest in immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and their treatment methods. This paper reports a case in which a patient with three sequential severe irAEs was successfully treated. After undergoing two regimens of sintilimab in conjunction with chemotherapy for advanced lung cancer, the patient developed myocarditis combined with hepatitis. Subsequently, the patient developed pneumonia following remission from treatment. We also discuss the mechanism of irAEs, principles of treatment, and progress in the study of biomarkers for early prediction of irAEs by reviewing the literature.
Merkel cell carcinoma: updates in tumor biology, emerging therapies, and preclinical models
Authors: Pedersen Elisabeth A. , Verhaegen Monique E. , Joseph Mallory K. , Harms Kelly L. , Harms Paul W.
Published: July 2024

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma thought to arise via either viral (Merkel cell polyomavirus) or ultraviolet-associated pathways. Surgery and radiotherapy have historically been mainstays of management, and immunotherapy has improved outcomes for advanced disease. However, there remains a lack of effective therapy for those patients who fail to respond to these established approaches, underscoring a critical need to better understand MCC biology for more effective prognosis and treatment. Here, we review the fundamental aspects of MCC biology and the recent advances which have had profound impact on management. The first genetically-engineered mouse models for MCC tumorigenesis provide opportunities to understand the potential MCC cell of origin and may prove useful for preclinical investigation of novel therapeutics. The MCC cell of origin debate has also been advanced by recent observations of MCC arising in association with a clonally related hair follicle tumor or squamous cell carcinoma in situ. These studies also suggested a role for epigenetics in the origin of MCC, highlighting a potential utility for this therapeutic avenue in MCC. These and other therapeutic targets form the basis for a wealth of ongoing clinical trials to improve MCC management. Here, we review these recent advances in the context of the existing literature and implications for future investigations.
Intraglandular dissemination: a special pathological feature
Authors: Zhang Yubi , Deng Yu , Zhou Meng , Wu Bin , Zhou Jing
Published: July 2024

Intraglandular dissemination is an important pathological feature of thyroid cancer, yet the biological characteristics of this phenomenon remain relatively underexplored. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of its biological behaviors, protein expressions, and identification methods. Several retrospective studies have found that thyroid cancers with intraglandular dissemination have higher rates of lymph node metastasis, capsule invasion, and vascular invasion, exhibiting more aggressive biological behavior. Immunohistochemistry results show abnormal expression of proteins such as FKBP5, CENPF, CX26, KIF11, PTK7, which are associated with poor prognosis in thyroid cancers with intraglandular dissemination, offering potential guidance for specific targeted therapy in the future. Moreover, adjunctive techniques including ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration, and genetic testing offer valuable support in accurately identifying these cases, facilitating moreproactive treatment and closer follow-up.
Melatonin supplementation counteracts fiber loss in knee ligaments of diabetes-induced rats
Authors: Adamska Olga , Wnuk Artur , Kamińska Agnieszka , Poniatowska Małgorzata , Maciąg Bartosz , Kamiński Maciej , Stolarczyk Artur , Matin Maima , Atanasov Atanas G. , Łapiński Marcin , Jóźwik Artur
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disease. The clinical impact of sustained hyperglycemia on ligament healing has not been well characterized. Diabetes is a known cause of macro-, microvascular, and diabetic ulcer healing difficulties among tissues. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the healing potential occurring in injured and healthy ligaments among diabetic and healthy individuals using a rat model. We hypothesize that DM may contribute to altering the knee medial collateral ligament (MCL), thus its morphology, biochemical fitness, and functionality. The study cohort consisted of 40 rats. The animals were randomized into four equal groups. Groups I and II (20 rats) received saline subcutaneously and served as controls. Groups III and IV (20 rats) were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ). All animals underwent surgery to cut the left tibial collateral ligament in the hind limb and suture it. The access site was sutured to create inflammation and study the regenerative capacities of animals with normal carbohydrate metabolism and pharmacologically induced diabetes. Each animal then underwent sham surgery to access and suture the right tibial collateral ligament in the hind limb without ligament intervention. After the animals had undergone surgeries, groups II and IV were given melatonin supplementation for 4 weeks. Rats with DM presented with more fibrosis and calcification of the MCL and decreased healing potential. Treatment with melatonin in diabetic rats mitigated alterations and improved the antioxidant status of ligaments from the diabetic group.
Recombinant human luteinizing hormone increases endometrial thickness in women undergoing assisted fertility treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mao Routong , Hou Xiaohong , Feng Xiao , Wang Ruina , Fei Xiaofan , Zhao Junzhao , Chen Hui , Cheng Jing
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The optimal dosage of recombinant human luteinizing hormone (r-hLH) and its impact on endometrial thickness (EMT) when administered alongside recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer are uncertain, which formed the aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Method

A search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang from its inception to 10 July 2023. Twenty-seven Randomized controlled trials comparing r-hFSH/r-hLH co-treatment with r-hFSH alone during in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) were included. Pooled odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous data and mean differences (MD) for continuous data, with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI), were generated. Meta-analysis employed fixed-effect or random-effect models based on heterogeneity, using Q-test and I2-index calculations. The main outcomes included EMT on trigger day, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR).

Results

r-hFSH/r-hLH significantly increased EMT on trigger day (MD = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11–0.42; I2 = 13%), but reduced oocyte number (MD = −0.60; 95% CI, −1.07 to −0.14; I2 = 72%) and high-quality embryos (MD = −0.76; 95% CI, −1.41 to −0.10; I2 = 94%) than r-hFSH alone, more pronounced with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist long protocol. A subgroup analysis showed r-hLH at 75 IU/day increased CPR (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02–1.49; I2 = 16%) and EMT on trigger day (MD = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19–0.61; I2 = 0%). Participants ≥35 years of age exhibited decreased retrieved oocytes (MD = −1.26; 95% CI, −1.78 to −0.74; I2 = 29%), but an increase in EMT on trigger day (MD = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11–0.42; I2 = 29%).

Conclusion

r-hFSH/r-hLH during COS significantly improved EMT compared to r-hFSH alone. An r-hLH dose of 75 IU/day may be considered for optimal pregnancy outcomes, which still require further clinical studies to support this dosing regime.

Systematic Review Registration

[www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42023454584].
Causal gene identification using mitochondria-associated genome-wide mendelian randomization in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Bingxun , Xu Hongxuan , Wu Lin
Published: July 2024

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the important patho-mechanisms in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) with underidentified genetic pathophysiology.

Methods: Summarized data of methylation, expression and protein abundance levels of mitochondria-related genes were obtained from corresponding studies, respectively. Genes related to mitochondria dysfunction in associations with AF were obtained from the UK Biobank (discovery), and the FinnGen study (replication). Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis (SMR) was performed to assess potential causal relationships between mitochondria-related genes related to the molecular features of AF. Colocalization analysis was further conducted to assess whether the identified signal pairs shared causal genetic variants.

Results: Five mitochondria-related genes were found to have causal effects with AF in the sensitivity and the colocalization analyses. Strong associations with increased risk of AF were identified with increased expression level of 4 mitochondria-related genes, including PCCB (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05–1.12; PPH4 = 0.95), COX18 (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.29–2.60; PPH4 = 0.83), SLC25A15 (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.58; PPH4 = 0.85), and STX17 (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08–1.24; PPH4 = 0.76). Conversely, genetically predicted higher levels expression of UQCC1 (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.97) were associated with decreased risk of AF. After further tissue-specific validation, genetically predicted expression levels of PCCB (OR 1.12, 95%, CI 1.01-1.24, p = 0.025) and STX17 (OR 1.13, 95%, CI 1.04-1.23, p = 0.006) in atrial appendage were strongly associated with the increased risk of AF.

Conclusion: Mitochondria-related genes are involved either positively (PCCB, COX18, SLC25A15 and STX17) or negatively (UQCCI) in the pathogenesis and the development of AF. These candidate genes may serve as targets for potential development of agents in the prevention and treatment of AF.
The potential habitat of Angelica dahurica in China under climate change scenario predicted by Maxent model
Authors: Zhang Fen-Guo , Liang Furong , Wu Kefan , Xie Liyuan , Zhao Guanghua , Wang Yongji
Published: July 2024

Since the 20th century, global climate has been recognized as the most important environmental factor affecting the distribution of plants. Angelica dahurica (A. dahurica) has been in great demand as a medicinal herb and flavoring, but the lack of seed sources has hindered its development. In this study, we utilized the Maxent model combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) to predict the potential habitat of A. dahurica in China based on its geographical distribution and 22 environmental factors. This prediction will serve as a valuable reference for the utilization and conservation of A. dahurica resources.The results indicated that: (1) the Maxent model exhibited high accuracy in predicting the potential habitat area of A. dahurica, with a mean value of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 0.879 and a TSS value above 0.6; (2) The five environmental variables with significant effects were bio6 (Min temperature of the coldest month), bio12 (Annual Precipitation), bio17 (Precipitation of Driest Quarter), elevation, and slope, contributing to a cumulative total of 89.6%. Suitable habitats for A. dahurica were identified in provinces such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, and others. The total area of suitable habitat was projected to increase, with expansion primarily in middle and high latitudes, while areas of decrease were concentrated in lower latitudes. Under future climate change scenarios, the centers of mass of suitable areas for A. dahurica were predicted to shift towards higher latitudes in the 2050s and 2090s, particularly towards the North China Plain and Northeast Plain. Overall, it holds great significance to utilize the Maxent model to predict the development and utilization of A. dahurica germplasm resources in the context of climate change.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of two pomelo accessions with different parthenocarpic ability provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of parthenocarpy in pomelo (Citrus grandis)
Authors: Zhao Keke , Zhang Yunchun , She Sulei , Yang Ziwei , Zhang Yue , Nie Weiping , Wei Xu , Sun Haiyan , Dang Jiangbo , Wang Shuming , Wu Di , He Qiao , Guo Qigao , Liang Guolu , Xiang Suqiong
Published: July 2024

Parthenocarpy is an important way for seedless fruit production in citrus. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of parthenocarpy in pomelo is still unknown. Our initial study found significantly different parthenocarpic abilities in Guanximiyou (G) and Shatianyou (S) pomelo following emasculation, and an endogenous hormone content assay revealed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and zeatin (ZT) jointly promoted fruit expansion and cell division in parthenocarpic pomelo (G pomelo). To unravel the underlying molecular mechanism(s), we conducted the first transcriptome analysis on the two pomelo accessions at these two critical stages: the fruit initiation stage and the rapid expansion stage, in order to identify genes associated with parthenocarpy. This analysis yielded approximately 7.86 Gb of high-quality reads, and the subsequent de novo assembly resulted in the identification of 5,792 DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes). Among these, a range of transcription factor families such as CgERF, CgC2H2, CgbHLH, CgNAC and CgMYB, along with genes like CgLAX2, CgGH3.6 and CgGH3, emerged as potential candidates contributing to pomelo parthenocarpy, as confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. The present study provides comprehensive transcriptomic profiles of both parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic pomelos, reveals several metabolic pathways linked to parthenocarpy, and highlights the significant role of plant hormones in its regulation. These findings deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying parthenocarpy in pomelo.
Correlation between impostor syndrome among doctoral students and supervisor empathy in Tunisia
Authors: Slimi Oumayma , Muscella Antonella , Marsigliante Santo , Bahloul Mourad
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The prevalence of impostor syndrome among PhD students has increased rapidly in recent years, having very negative effects on their mental and psychological health as well as on their doctoral journey. This exploratory study aims to examine whether there is a causal correlation between impostor syndrome among PhD students and empathy among supervisors.

Methods

This study encompasses 562 doctoral students (300 females, 262 males) and 152 Tunisian supervisors (68 females, 84 males).

Results

Employing ANOVA, significant influences on impostor syndrome emerge for gender, marital status, professional status, and the doctoral enrollment level (p < 0.001). Concurrently, supervisors’ empathy is significantly affected by gender, marital status, and experience (p < 0.001). Linear regression establishes a noteworthy negative correlation (p = 0.045): a 1-unit increase in empathy correlates with a 0.122-unit decrease in impostor syndrome.

Discussion

These findings underscore the intricate relationship between socio-professional factors, empathy, and impostor syndrome within the academic milieu, offering crucial insights for interventions and psychological support. The study aligns with the broader context of understanding mental health challenges in academia, emphasizing the imperative for ongoing support initiatives.
Servant leadership and employee voice behavior: the role of employee work reflection and employee proactive personality
Authors: Xu Zelei , Gu Yu , Wang Hongyu , Liu Lili
Published: July 2024

Despite the recent proliferation of scholarly investigations on servant leadership, clarity remains elusive regarding the specific mechanisms and conditions underpinning employee cognitive processes and their responses to servant leadership. Drawing upon social cognitive theory, proposes a moderated mediation model tested through a time-lagged field data from 489 employees in Study 1 and an experimental data in Study 2. We found that servant leadership indirectly enhances employee voice behavior through increased employee work reflection. Additionally, we considered employee proactive personality as a boundary condition for the positive effect of servant leadership. Our results show that servant leadership prompts employee work reflection only when the level of employee proactive personality is high, which in turn increases employee voice behavior. This study presents significant theoretical and practical implications through the integration of social cognitive theory with servant leadership research.
Chemical respiratory sensitization—Current status of mechanistic understanding, knowledge gaps and possible identification methods of sensitizers
Authors: Hargitai Rita , Parráková Lucia , Szatmári Tünde , Monfort-Lanzas Pablo , Galbiati Valentina , Audouze Karine , Jornod Florence , Staal Yvonne C. M. , Burla Sabina , Chary Aline , Gutleb Arno C. , Lumniczky Katalin , Vandebriel Rob J. , Gostner Johanna M.
Published: July 2024

Respiratory sensitization is a complex immunological process eventually leading to hypersensitivity following re-exposure to the chemical. A frequent consequence is occupational asthma, which may occur after long latency periods. Although chemical-induced respiratory hypersensitivity has been known for decades, there are currently no comprehensive and validated approaches available for the prospective identification of chemicals that induce respiratory sensitization, while the expectations of new approach methodologies (NAMs) are high. A great hope is that due to a better understanding of the molecular key events, new methods can be developed now. However, this is a big challenge due to the different chemical classes to which respiratory sensitizers belong, as well as because of the complexity of the response and the late manifestation of symptoms. In this review article, the current information on respiratory sensitization related processes is summarized by introducing it in the available adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept. Potentially useful models for prediction are discussed. Knowledge gaps and gaps of regulatory concern are identified.
Transmission Characteristics and Experiment of Hydraulic–Mechanical Transmission of Cotton Picker
Authors: Chen Huajun , Wang Meng , Ni Xiangdong , Meng Xiangchao , Cai Wenqing , Li Yiqing , Zhai Baoyu , He Hongbin , Wang Yuyang
Published: July 2024

To overcome the issue of unstable speed output encountered by cotton pickers operating in harsh environments and subject to frequent external load fluctuations, a hydraulic–mechanical transmission (HMT) for cotton pickers is proposed in this study. By analyzing the driving system of the cotton picker, a Lavira-based HMT scheme is developed. The matching characteristics of the HMT speed ratio are analyzed, a continuity and smoothness test of the speed ratio of the changing segment is carried out, and the influence law of smoothness of the HMT changing segment is discussed. The results show that the HMT system effectively satisfies the driving speed requirements for both field harvesting and road transportation of cotton pickers. The HMT speed ratio is continuously controllable and the design is reasonable. The HMT load torque and the oil pressure in the main oil circuit have a significant impact on the smoothness indicators of speed reduction and dynamic load. Additionally, the flow rate of the governor valve has a notable effect on the smoothness indicator of sliding friction power. However, the engine’s output speed has no significant influence on the HMT’s smoothness. This research can provide theoretical support for the development and design of cotton picker gearboxes and the transmission characteristics and experimental research of off-road vehicle gearboxes.
Fertilizers Based on Nanoparticles as Sources of Macro- and Microelements for Plant Crop Growth: A Review
Authors: Semenova Natalia A. , Burmistrov Dmitriy E. , Shumeyko Sergey A. , Gudkov Sergey V.
Published: July 2024

The necessity for efficacious, sophisticated methodologies to facilitate agricultural intensification in the context of global population growth is widely accepted. One of the principal methods for enhancing the yield of plant agricultural products is the application of fertilizers. In light of the rapid advancement of nanotechnology over recent decades, the potential of utilizing fertilizing systems based on nanoparticles and nanomaterials—termed “nanofertilizers”—as an alternative to classical mineral fertilizers is increasingly being explored. Due to their unique properties, nanofertilizers demonstrate a number of qualities useful for agriculture. These include high activity, more accurate dosing, targeted delivery of fertilizers to plants, reduced accumulation in soils and groundwater, high durability, and so forth. This review presents a synthesis of data on the efficacy of nanofertilizers over the last decade, focusing on macro-based (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micro-based (Fe, Zn, Mn, B, Cu, Mo) nanoformulations for agricultural crops. We analyzed over 200 publications, published mainly over the last decade, on the topic of “nanofertilizers”. An analysis of published data on the effectiveness of using nanoparticles as applied fertilizers was carried out, and the effectiveness of using nanofertilizers was compared with traditional chemical fertilizers for a number of elements.
Functional Framework of Amino Acid Transporters in Quinoa: Genome-Wide Survey, Homology, and Stress Response
Authors: Li Linghong , Huang Jianxun , Zhang Yulai , Yang Xinhui , Gou Tong , Ren Aixia , Ding Pengcheng , Wu Xiangyun , Sun Min , Gao Zhiqiang
Published: July 2024

The role of amino acid transporter (AAT) genes in facilitating the transmembrane movement of amino acids between cells and various cellular components has been characterized in several plant species. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a renowned nutritious crop known for its amino acid composition, has not yet had its AAT genes characterized. Therefore, the identification and characterization of AAT genes in quinoa will help bridge this knowledge gap and offer valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying amino acid transport and metabolism. This study focuses on gene expression, gene structure, duplication events, and a comparison of functions studied to establish the role of AAT genes. A total of 160 non-redundant AAT genes were identified in quinoa and classified into 12 subfamilies, with 8 subfamilies belonging to the amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) family and 4 to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily family. The chromosomal localization, gene structures, and conserved motifs of these genes were systematically analyzed. Expression profiling revealed diverse expression patterns across various tissues and in response to drought and salt stresses. Segmental and tandem duplications were found to contribute to the gene duplication and expansion of the CqAAT gene family. Additionally, CqCAT6 and CqAAP1 were predicted to regulate the long-distance transportation and distribution of amino acids, making them potential candidate genes for further research. Overall, this information could serve as a foundation for the identification and utilization of CqAATs in Quinoa, enhancing our understanding of amino acid transport mechanisms in this important crop.
A Dynamic Process-Based Method for Screening Salt-Tolerant and High-Yielding Crop Varieties
Authors: Qin Xueer , Shan Baoying , Liu Jili , Zhang Chenglong , Wang Weishu , Wang Chaozi , Huo Zailin
Published: July 2024

Maize, the most important cereal crop worldwide, is moderately sensitive to salt stress. Given the challenges of soil salinization, developing methods to screen and cultivate salt-tolerant maize varieties is vital for enhancing food security. Among the options, process model-based assisted screening is an effective method for faster and more thorough screening of salt-tolerant varieties. In this study, a method for quickly screening salt-tolerant and high-yielding crop varieties is proposed by combining a coupled model of crop growth and water–salt response with fitness function. Then, this method was applied to the saline areas of the Hetao Plain in China to demonstrate its applicability. This study includes three parts. Firstly, field trial data from 10 commonly grown maize varieties in Hetao Plain (i.e., Xianyu 335, Yinyu 238, Jindan 73, Deke 622, DK-815, Heyu 157, Xianyu 1321, Jinrun 919, Tianci 19, and Xianyu 1225) were used to calibrate the model for different maize varieties. Moreover, model accuracy was evaluated using four indexes including the regression coefficient (b), coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE). Secondly, scenario simulations were conducted using the calibrated model by setting nine initial salinity scenarios to simulate daily dynamic crop growth and soil water–salt changes for the 10 maize varieties. Finally, salt-tolerant and high-yielding maize varieties were screened based on the fitness function method during crop growth periods. The results showed that the simulation model was applicable and functioned effectively for all 10 maize varieties in the region, with the determination coefficient (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) of simulated plant height and leaf area index being above 0.90. Furthermore, the R2 of soil water content, soil electrical conductivity, and groundwater depth are 0.51, 0.52, and 0.60, respectively. Afterward, the fitness function values were calculated to bridge the linkage between simulated indicators and scenarios to screen varieties step by step according to the predetermined percentage of screening. Jindan 73, Xianyu 1225, and DK-815 were eventually determined as the most suitable salt-tolerant and high-yielding maize varieties. Therefore, the above results show that the proposed method is suitable for saline crop variety screening with flexibility and applicability.
Effects of Different Irrigation Water Volumes with 1,1-Dimethyl-piperidinium Chloride (DPC) on Cotton Growth and Yield
Authors: Ma Huijuan , Ge Changwei , Liu Ruihua , Zhang Siping , Liu Shaodong , Shen Qian , Chen Jing , Wan Sumei , Pang Chaoyou
Published: July 2024

The cotton industry in Xinjiang, China, is limited by irrigation. In cotton production, 1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride (DPC) is used as a growth regulator to improve plant shape, resistance, yield, and quality. However, few studies have investigated the mechanisms by which DPC affects the growth and yield of cotton when combined with different irrigation water volumes. In this study, a split-zone design was used to conduct field experiments over two years using Zhongmiansuo 92 and Zhongmiansuo 087. Three irrigation volumes (3750, 4500, and 5250 m3 hm−2; W1, W2, and W3, respectively) and four DPC applications (0, 120, 240, and 480 g hm−2) were evaluated. The SPAD (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) values, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and partitioning, agronomic traits, yield, and water use efficiency of cotton leaves were assessed. W2 increased the chlorophyll content and stomatal opening of leaves, improved photosynthetic rates, promoted the accumulation of aboveground dry matter, and increased plant height, main stem node number, and fruit branch platform. The best yields were obtained using W1 and W2 with 120 g hm−2 DPC and W3 with 240 g hm−2 DPC. These results can be applied practically to improve cotton production in Xinjiang.
Bridging the Gap: A Literature Review of Advancements in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Management
Authors: Pop Gheorghe Nicusor , Manole Felicia , Buleu Florina , Motofelea Alexandru Catalin , Bircea Silviu , Popa Daian , Motofelea Nadica , Pirvu Catalin Alexandru
Published: July 2024

This literature review explores advancements in obesity and diabetes mellitus diagnosis and treatment, highlighting recent innovations that promise more personalized and effective healthcare interventions. For obesity diagnosis, traditional methods like body mass index (BMI) calculations are now complemented by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, with emerging biomarkers from “omics” technologies. Diabetes diagnosis has advanced with standard hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing supplemented by novel measures such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and autoantibodies, alongside the use of artificial intelligence to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Treatment options for obesity are expanding beyond traditional methods. Minimally invasive bariatric surgeries, endoscopic procedures, fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs), and pharmaceuticals like GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide) show promising results. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and prescription digital therapeutics (PDTs) are also valuable tools for weight management. Diabetes treatment is also undergoing a transformation. Ultra-long-acting insulins and innovative oral insulin delivery methods are on the horizon. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are proving to be effective medications for blood sugar control. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems and closed-loop insulin delivery are revolutionizing diabetes management, while stem cell therapy holds promise for the future. By integrating advanced diagnostic tools with personalized treatment plans, obesity and diabetes care are entering a new era. This personalized approach empowers patients and paves the way for improved health outcomes and a better quality of life.
Well-Posedness of the Schrödinger–Korteweg–de Vries System with Robin Boundary Conditions on the Half-Line
Authors: Huang Po-Chun , Pan Bo-Yu
Published: July 2024

The Schrödinger–Korteweg–de Vries (SKdV) system can describe the nonlinear dynamics of phenomena such as Langmuir and ion acoustic waves, which are highly valuable for studying wave behavior and interactions. The SKdV system has wide-ranging applications in physics and applied mathematics. In this article, we investigate the local well-posedness of the SKdV system with Robin boundary conditions and polynomial terms in the Sobolev space. We want to enhance the applicability of this type of SKdV system. Our verification process is as follows: We estimate Fokas solutions for the Robin problem with external forces. Next, we define an iteration map in suitable solution space and prove the iteration map is a contraction mapping and onto some closed ball B(0,r). Finally, by the contraction mapping theorem, we obtain the uniqueness solution. Moreover, we show that the data-to-solution map is locally Lipschitz continuous and conclude with the well-posedness of the SKdV system.
EEG Motor Imagery Classification: Tangent Space with Gate-Generated Weight Classifier
Authors: Omari Sara , Omari Adil , Abu-Dakka Fares , Abderrahim Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Individuals grappling with severe central nervous system injuries often face significant challenges related to sensorimotor function and communication abilities. In response, brain–computer interface (BCI) technology has emerged as a promising solution by offering innovative interaction methods and intelligent rehabilitation training. By leveraging electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, BCIs unlock intriguing possibilities in patient care and neurological rehabilitation. Recent research has utilized covariance matrices as signal descriptors. In this study, we introduce two methodologies for covariance matrix analysis: multiple tangent space projections (M-TSPs) and Cholesky decomposition. Both approaches incorporate a classifier that integrates linear and nonlinear features, resulting in a significant enhancement in classification accuracy, as evidenced by meticulous experimental evaluations. The M-TSP method demonstrates superior performance with an average accuracy improvement of 6.79% over Cholesky decomposition. Additionally, a gender-based analysis reveals a preference for men in the obtained results, with an average improvement of 9.16% over women. These findings underscore the potential of our methodologies to improve BCI performance and highlight gender-specific performance differences to be examined further in our future studies.
Promoting Psychosocial Adjustments of Cross-Border Students in Hong Kong: A Resilience and Social Capital Framework
Authors: Wu Qiaobing , Qiu Hui
Published: July 2024

Nearly 28,000 children, ranging from kindergarten to secondary-school age, commute between mainland China and Hong Kong for education on a daily basis. They are known as cross-border students (CBS)—those who legally hold permanent Hong Kong citizenship and attend schools in Hong Kong, but reside in mainland China, a unique population in the context of cross-border migration. Social media has reported various challenges faced by CBS, but systematic research on this population is limited. This study proposes a resilience and social capital framework to understand the psychosocial adjustments of CBS when faced with different levels of adversities. Using data from a cross-sectional survey of 445 CBS, this study examines how family and community social capital promote the self-esteem, mental well-being, happiness, and life satisfaction of CBS through individual resilience in the face of single and multiple adversities. The results of structural equation modelling suggest that family social capital serves as a significant promotive and protective factor for the self-esteem, mental well-being, happiness, and life satisfaction of CBS in the presence of both single and multiple adversities, while community social capital can promote only mental well-being of CBS in the presence of single or no adversity. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for researchers, parents, and service professionals are also discussed.