bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coleopterous predators of pine bark beetles in the last years of the outbreak recorded in Ukraine
Authors: Meshkova Valentyna , Vorobei Alla , Omelich Anastasiya
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the species composition of coleopterous predators and their occurrence in different parts of the stem depending on the health condition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the collapsing foci of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The research was carried out in 2019–2021 at 38 sample plots located in five State Forestry Enterprises of Sumy region (Ukraine). All sample plots are located in pure Scots pine stands in relatively poor forest site conditions. The relative density of stocking is 0.6–0.7, and the age of stands is between 60 and 110 years. The health condition for each tree was evaluated on visual characteristics by the classes: first – healthy; second – weakened; third – severely weakened; fourth – drying up; fifth – recently died and sixth – died over a year ago. Bark beetles’ nuptial chambers and predators were counted on 25 × 25 cm pallets, which were located at the lower, middle and upper parts of the stem with thin, thick and transitional bark, respectively. The significance of differences in the performance of predator species depending on the tree part, health condition and year was analysed using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis (K–W) test. The species composition of predators in different years, stem parts and tree health condition was compared using the Sorensen–Chekanovsky index.

In the collapsing foci of bark beetles, the health condition of Scots pine in 2019–2021 tended to worsen. The infestation density of Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827) and Ips sexdentatus (Boerner, 1767) was 0.62 ± 0.032 and 0.64 ± 0.017 nuptial chambers per 1 dm2, respectively, and also decreased in 2019–2021. In the galleries of bark beetles, seven species of coleopterous predators were collected: Aulonium ruficorne (Olivier, 1790) (Zopheridae), Platysoma elongatum (Leach, 1817) (Histeridae), Rhizophagus depressus (Fabricius, 1792) (Monotomidae), Corticeus pini (Panzer, 1799) (Tenebrionidae), Thanasimus formicarius (Linnaeus, 1758), Thanasimus femoralis (Zetterstedt, 1828) (Cleridae) and Salpingus ruficollis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Salpingidae). Two more species – Glischrochilus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nitidulidae) and Pytho depressus (Linnaeus, 1767) (Pythidae) – were singly collected in the foci. T. formicarius and P. elongatum were the most abundant. The ratio of predator–prey significantly increased from the upper to the lower part of the stem with thick bark. It, however, decreased in this stem part from the fourth to the sixth class of the health condition of the host tree.
Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Carter 1945) Brady et al. 2013 as the causative agent of bacterial wetwood disease of common silver fir (Abies alba mill.)
Authors: Kulbanska Ivanna M. , Plikhtyak Petro P. , Shvets Maryna V. , Soroka Myroslava I. , Goychuk Anatoliy F.
Published: September 2022

In recent decades, in many regions of the planet, there has been a widespread deterioration in the health condition and dieback of dark coniferous forests, caused by the combined action of various stress factors of biotic and abiotic origin. Forests with the participation of species of the genus Abies Mill. are particularly prone to degradation and dieback. The aim of the research is to study the symptoms of bacterial wetwood disease of Abies alba in the Ivano-Frankivsk region (state enterprise ‘Kutske forestry’) and to determine the anatomical, morphological and cultural properties of the pathogen. Some of the common symptoms of the disease include cracks and ulcers on the trunks with exfoliated rhytidome and exudate secretion, massive development of epicormic shoots, saturated xylem and phloem, wet rot with a characteristic odour of fermentation and pathological nucleus.

Based on the syntaxonomic analysis of fir forests, an attempt has been made to identify the objective causes that lead to excessive development of phytopathogens and dieback of Abies alba. Our research established that the primary cause of dieback of Abies alba Mill. forests is a systemic, vascular–parenchymal disease known as bacterial wetwood of fir, which affects all plant tissues at all stages of ontogenesis. We isolated and experimentally confirmed that the causative agent of the disease is a phytopathogenic bacterium Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Carter 1945) Brady et al. 2013, which also causes bacterial wetwood in many species of forest woody plants, and also studied its common morphological, physiological and biochemical properties.
Degradation of mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with cork oak and understory vegetation by the anthropogenic factors
Authors: Ksentini Hana , Amel Meddad-Hamza , Arifa Beddiar
Published: September 2022

The cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests are ecosystems of high environmental and socioeconomic value in the Mediterranean basin. However, in Algeria, the cork oak forests are highly threatened by repeated fires, overgrazing and the anthropogenic pressure that weaken the ecosystem of cork oak and affect its natural regeneration. This degradation results in an alteration of many ecological components of the cork oak, such as fungal communities in the soil. Thus, the aim of this work is to study the effects of cork oak stand degradation on the diversity of mycorrhizal communities associated with Quercus suber and some of its understory shrubs (Cistus monspeliensis, Lavandula stoechas and Thymus vulgaris) in the forest of Brabtia (northeastern Algeria).For this purpose, two sites were chosen: one degraded by the anthropogenic factors and the other non-degraded one. Moreover, it is suggested that some plants of the understory shrub vegetation of cork oak, such as the cistus, lavender and thyme, prove to be favourable to the juvenile growth of this tree.

The results obtained showed that the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) root colonization of cistus was higher compared to that of cork oak in both stations. The estimation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization showed significantly higher levels in the roots of cork oak, cistus, lavender and thyme in the degraded station compared with the non-degraded stations. In contrast, the rhizosphere soils of cork oak and cistus had low number of AM propagules and fungal spores, while under the roots of lavender and thyme, these two parameters were greatly improved with the abundance of the genera Glomus and Gigaspora. These results underline the need to take into account the plant–fungus interactions in the development of restoration strategies of the degraded soils and forest ecosystems.
Extreme Rainfall-Runo Events Modeling Using HEC-HMS Model for Oued El Hachem Watershed, Northern Algeria
Authors: Haddad Ali
Published: September 2022

Flood forecasting has become necessary for dam management during extreme hydrological events. The lack of streamflow data in ungauged watersheds of arid and semi-arid regions makes the assessment of water resources di cult. In this paper, the Hydrologic Modeling System developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC-HMS) was applied to the Oued El Hachem watershed. Calibration and validation of the model have been performed, taking into account the lag time and the curve number CN that is expressed as a function of soil group, land use and antecedent runo condition. The model was evaluated on the basis of the coe cient of determination, the Nash Sutcli e E ciency (NSE), and the percentage di erences between peak and volume. Performance indices of calibration showed a good agreements between observed and computed flows. The validation of the model has given satisfactory results. The calibrated model can be used to manage the dam of Boukerdane during extreme rainfall events by forecasting the induced hydrographs from which adequate procedures will be operated in order to ensure the safety of the dam against possible overtopping.
Globalization, Transportation and Marketing of Goods Made in Africa: The New Paradigm
Authors: Imide Israel O. , University Edih O. , Osadume Richard C. , Fidelia Igemohia
Published: September 2022

Globalization has brought compelling changes to the world transport systems and ways through which domestic goods are marketed. The main objective of this research is to determine the effect of globalization and transport mode on the marketing of goods made in Africa and the difference in consumer choice for imported products and domestic goods. A 10-item validated structured questionnaire was administered to 300 civil servants of selected parastatals from five states in Nigeria. The feedback statistics showed that a total number of 280 (93.3%) questionnaires were retrieved and 20 (6.7%) were rejected. The results obtained were subjected to analytical procedures of correlation and multiple regression. The study used clothing as research sample to test the effect of globalization and transportation mode on consumer preference for imports over local products and vice-versa. It was found that globalization and chosen transportation mode have a significant effect on marketing of goods made in Africa and on consumer preference. The resultant effects were numerous including capital flight, development of new markets, transport-induced costs, etc. The study recommends governments in Africa to re-orient the African population to appreciate and patronize domestic goods, and implement appropriate modern transportation systems, and ICT tools to promote domestic goods.
Production of pumice-containing nanofibers by electrospinning technique
Authors: Kılıçer Ali
Published: September 2022

The scope of the study involves identifying the optimal means to effectively use the electrospinning technique to obtain pumice-containing nanofibers. Nanofiber containing pumice in a solution was electrospun to obtain smooth, cylindrical, bead-free, and ultrafine nanomaterials.

The study also analyzed the molecular [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)], thermal [differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)], zeta potential, size, polydispersity index [dynamic light scattering (DLS)], and surface [scanning electron microscope (SEM)] parameters of the pumice-containing nanofibers having JP6 (applied voltage: 6 kV) and JP12 (12 kV) properties. While the distance (10 cm), flow rate (0.8 mL/h), and other parameters of the electrospinning process were fixed, two different voltages were applied to obtain the pumice-containing nanofiber. The average diameter of the nanoencapsulated pumice produced at 6 kV was defined as 98.6 nm in gelatin nanomats with 31.8 nm. The average diameter of the nanocapsule pumice produced under a 12 kV voltage was found to be 85.8 nm, and the average diameter of the nanomats (non–nanoencapsulated) was 35.2 nm. The average zeta potential values of the pumice-containing nanofiber were also determined in the nanosize range. The JP6 and JP12 PDI values were determined as 0.165 and 0.566, respectively. Peaks characteristic of pumices as defined in the literature were observed in the FTIR results, while DSC analysis results revealed strong endo- and exothermic peaks. As a result of this study, it has been proved that pumice can be reduced to nanosize with the electrospinning technique and it is nanoencapsulated in nanofiber. When the obtained pumice-containing nanofiber was examined, it was determined that the surface area of the nanofiber was large and resistant to thermal heat.
Electrical resistance and self-sensing properties of pressure-sensitive materials with graphite filler in Kuralon fiber concrete
Authors: Cheng An , Lin Wei-Ting , Fiala Lukáš , Hotěk Petr , Chao Sao-Jeng , Hsu Hui-Mi
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to investigate conductivity behavior of concrete containing graphite and its sensitivity to the effects of pressure. Graphite powder was added to concrete to replace partial cement (4 wt.%, 8 wt.%, 12 wt.%, and 16 wt.%) as conductive fillers with a water-to-cementitious ratio of 0.45. Specimens with 0.5 vol.% Kuralon fibers were treated to enhance the performance of self-sensing properties to investigate the influence of graphite and fiber contents on electrical resistivities. The relationship between the axial load and changes in resistivity was determined using cyclic loading tests, indicating the existence and development of internal cracking in concrete. The results indicated that the compressive strength presented a linear decline proportional to the addition of graphite. Specimens with 8% graphite reached the lower bound of self-sensing properties, and with an increase in the amount of graphite, resistivity gradually decreased. In the cyclic loading tests, specimens containing >8% graphite were able to better reflect the relationship between loading and resistivity. Kuralon fibers in concrete had further improvement in resistance and self-sensing properties. In inclusion, the mixture with 8% graphite provided the best self-sensing properties to warn for preventing the effects of cracking, as well as achieved better mechanical properties.
Single-source three-phase switched-capacitor-based MLI
Authors: Jena Kasinath , Gupta Krishna Kumar , Bhatnagar Pallavee , Jain Sanjay K , Stala Robert , Waradzyn Zbigniew , Piróg Stanisław , Penczek Adam , Mondzik Andrzej , Skała Aleksander
Published: September 2022

This article proposes a novel three-phase inverter based on the concept of switched capacitors (SCs), which uses a single DC source. A three-phase, seven-level line-to-line output voltage waveform is synthesised by the proposed topology, which includes eight switches, two capacitors, and one diode per phase leg. The proposed topology offers advantages in terms of inherent voltage gain, lower voltage stresses on power switches, and a reduced number of switching components. Additionally, the switched capacitors are self-balanced, thereby eliminating the need for a separate balancing circuit. The proposed structure and its operating principle, the self-balancing mechanism of the capacitors, and the control strategy are all thoroughly explained in the article. The proposed topology has also been compared with some recent SC topologies. Lastly, the proposed topology has been shown to be feasible through simulation and experimentation.
Innovative NPK Fertilizers based on Polyacrylamide and Polyvinyl Alcohol with Controlled Release of Nutrients
Authors: Białkowska Anita , Borycka Bożena , Bakar Mohamed , Rzany Agnieszka
Published: September 2022

The aim of the present work was the preparation and properties evaluation of two innovative fertilizers based on multicomponent polymers characterized by a controlled release of nutrients. One method was based on a multi-component liquid containing different amounts of microelements NPK 12-5-6 fertilizers with polyacrylamide hydrogel beads. The second method concerned the cross-linking of biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol with multi-component NPK fertilizers. Polyacrylamide-based compositions with the highest amount of NPK salts as well as polyvinyl alcohol-based fertilizers in dense gel form, based on 60 phr crosslinking concentrate have shown optimal properties. Regardless of the type of fertilizers used, their components were released slowly. The obtained fertilizers were classified according to the kinetics of nutrient release. Fertilizers made from polyacrylamide based fertilizers have been classified into a group of controlled release fertilizers (CRF), while those made from biodegradable environmentally friendly polyvinyl alcohol have been defined as slow released fertilizers (SRF).
Adsorption of CO2 by surface modified coal-based activated carbons: kinetic and thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Xinzhe Liu , Mingyang Zhang , Juan Chen , Zhengyu Hu , Shuaifei Xian , Mingxuan Tang , Chenchen Zhang
Published: September 2022

The effects of different surface modifiers on the CO2 adsorption capacity of coal-based activated carbons were studied, and the diffusion behavior, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of CO2 in activated carbons were analyzed. The results show that compared with ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylenediamine and zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide can greatly improve CO2 adsorption capacity. The adsorption rate is faster, and the adsorption capacity is larger, with the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity being 33.54 mL/g. Fick's law can well describe the diffusion behavior of CO2 in activated carbon. The addition of a surface modifier can increase the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion of CO2 in activated carbon falls into the category of crystal diffusion. The adsorption kinetics of CO2 before and after surface modification follow the Bangham equation. During the adsorption process, δ H < 0, δ G < 0, δ S < 0. Surface modification can reduce adsorption heat and promote adsorption, and the adsorption process is dominated by physisorption.
The Oxygen Reduction Activity of Nitrogen-doped Graphene
Authors: Jian-feng Liu , Ge Sun , Ting Wang , Kai Ning , Bin-xia Yuan , Wei-guo Pan
Published: September 2022

Graphite nitrogen, pyridine nitrogen and pyrrole nitrogen are the main nitrogen types in nitrogen-doped graphene materials. In order to investigate the mechanism of the oxygen reduction activity of nitrogen-doped graphene, several models of nitrogen-doped graphene with different nitrogen contents and different nitrogen types are developed. The nitrogen content is varied from 1.3 at% to 7.8 at%, and the adsorption energy is calculated according to the established models, then the band gaps are analyzed through the optimization results, so as to compare the magnitude of the conductivity. Finally, the oxygen reduction activity of graphite nitrogen-doped graphene (GNG) is found to be better than pyridine nitrogen-doped graphene (PDNG) and pyrrole nitrogen-doped graphene (PLNG) when the nitrogen content is lower than 2.6 at%, and the oxygen reduction activity of PDNG is the best when the nitrogen content was higher than 2.6 at%.
Comparison of scoring systems for predicting remission of type 2 diabetes in sleeve gastrectomy patients
Authors: Baldane Suleyman , Celik Murat , Korez Muslu Kazim , Baldane Emine Gul , Yilmaz Huseyin , Abusoglu Sedat , Kebapcilar Levent , Alptekin Husnu
Published: September 2022

Introduction: This study aims to compare the predictive capacity of ABCD, DiaRem2, Ad-DiaRem, and DiaBetter scoring systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission in Turkish adult morbidly obese patients who underwent SG.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 80 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) operation who were diagnosed with T2DM preoperatively, and had at least one-year follow-up after surgery. Because bariatric surgery is performed on patients with class III obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) or class II obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) with obesity releated comorbid conditions in our hospital, our study cohort consisted of these patients.

Results: The diagnostic performance of the DiaBetter, DiaRem2, Ad-DiaRem and ABCD for identifying diabetes remission, assessed by the AUC was 0.882 (95% CI, 0.807–0.958, p < 0.001), 0.862 (95% CI, 0.779-0.945, p < 0.001), 0.849 (95% CI, 0.766–0.932, p < 0.001) and 0.726 (95% CI, 0.601–0.851, p = 0.002), respectively. The AUCs of the Ad-Diarem, DiaBetter and DiaRem2 were statistically higher than AUC of the ABCD (all p-value < 0.001). Besides, there was no statistically significant difference in AUCs of the Ad-Diarem, DiaBetter and DiaRem scores (all p-value > 0.05).

Conclusion: Ad-Dairem, DiaBetter and DaiRem scoring systems were found to provide a successful prediction for diabetes remission in sleeve gastrectomy patients. It was observed that the predictive power of the ABCD scoring system was lower than the other systems. We think that the use of scoring systems for diabetes remission, which have a simple use, will become widespread.
Definition of Indicators for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health System Resilience in Italy
Authors: Marchetti Noemi , Marincioni Fausto
Published: September 2022

The 30 January 2020 the World Health Organization declared the beginning of a global pandemic emergency. Italy was among the first European Countries to be severely impacted by the COVID-19 virus. This short communication describes the organisation of a project investigating different responses to the pandemics, studying the assessment of local and national Health Systems resilience to a biologic hazard such is a Coronavirus. Preliminary results highlighted a fragmented response to the epidemics across the Italian territory probably connected to different public health policies or local emergency management models. The implementation of a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis is provided to study which are the main important indicators to be considered in the pandemic management. The analysis highlights the successful and effective measures for pandemic planning considering different systems: health, economic, political, socio-psychological, demographic, and emergency.
Anthropogenic Factors Affecting the Vegetation Dynamics in the Arid Middle East
Authors: Rousta Iman , Olafsson Haraldur , Zhang Hao , Moniruzzaman Md , Baranowski Piotr , Krzyszczak Jaromir
Published: September 2022

The spatiotemporal variability of vegetation in the Middle East was investigated for the period 2001–2019 using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 16-day/500 m composites of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI; MOD13A1). The results reveal a strong increase in NDVI coverage in the Middle East during the study period (R = 0.75, p-value = 0.05). In Egypt, the annual coverage exhibits the strongest positive trend (R = 0.99, p-value = 0.05). In Turkey, both the vegetation coverage and density increased from 2001 to 2019, which can be attributed to the construction of some of the biggest dams in the Middle East, such as the Atatürk and Ilisu dams. Significant increases in the annual coverage and maximum and average NDVI in Saudi Arabia are due to farming in the northern part of the country for which groundwater and desalinated seawater are used. The results of this study suggest that one of the main factors affecting vegetation coverage in the Middle East are governmental policies. These policies could lead to an increase in vegetation coverage in some countries such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Iran, and Turkey.
CO2 as Resource. Society’s Willingness to Pay Analysis
Authors: Terjanika Viktorija , Vetrinska Liana , Pubule Jelena
Published: September 2022

Climate change, including the efficient management of CO2 emissions, is considered a significant environmental challenge today. Carbon dioxide is still considered an undesirable by-product that must be eliminated. However, it can be turned into a source of income. By using the latest technologies of CO2 capturing and/or utilization, valuable products with high added value can be created. For more effective analysis of the opportunities to use CO2 in Latvia, it is necessary to find out the opinion of both the public and the industrial sector. The prospects of such technologies in the local market soon depend on the desire and opportunities of the market to turn waste into a profitable resource. This paper aims to determine the Latvian manufacturer’s and society’s willingness to pay and make changes in CO2 utilization. The analysis of the conducted survey will give an insight into the opinion of these significant market players in Latvian case.
Resonance of a structure with soil elastic waves released in non-linear hysteretic soil upon unloading
Authors: Kowalczyk Piotr
Published: September 2022

High-frequency motion is often observed in small-scale experimental works carried out in flexible containers under simplified seismic loading conditions when single harmonic sine input motions are introduced at the base of a soil specimen. The source of the high-frequency motion has often been sought in experimental inaccuracies. On the other hand, the most recent numerical studies suggested that high-frequency motion in the steady-state dynamic response of soil subjected to harmonic excitation can also be generated as a result of soil elastic waves released in non-linear hysteretic soil upon unloading. This work presents an example of a finite element numerical study on seismic soil–structure interaction representative of an experimental setup from the past. The results show how high-frequency motion generated in soil in the steady-state response, apparently representative of soil elastic waves, affects the steady-state response of a structure, that is, it is presented how the structure in the analysed case resonates with the soil elastic waves. The numerical findings are verified against the benchmark experimental example to indicate similar patterns in the dynamic response of the structure.
Changes in Adolescent Hygiene Habits Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Milikić Bojana , Zlatanović Milena , Safiye Teodora , Dubljanin Jakša , Antic Ljilјana , Despotović Milena , Luković Stevan , Stajić Dalibor , Đonović Nela
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to examine and determine hygiene habits in the adolescent population depending on whether the Covid 19 pandemic affected the improvement of hygiene habits in the same population. The research is designed as a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire created using the Google Docs platform was used as an instrument. The sample consisted of 89 respondents of both sexes, aged 18 to 23 years. The analysis shows that there is a difference in maintaining hygienic habits before and after the introduction of the state of emergency. In 20.22% of cases, hygienic habits were better during the state of emergency, and after the mitigation of measures, compared to the period before the introduction of the state of emergency, and in 5.62% of respondents hygienic habits were worse, while in 74.16% of respondents there were no change in hygienic habits. The analysis of the use of disinfectants and masks shows that 60.68% of respondents used disinfectants and masks more often after mitigation of emergency measures compared to the period before the introduction of the state of emergency, 5.62% of respondents used less, while in 33.70 % of respondents there were no changes in the use of disinfectants and masks.

The results of this study show a positive relationship between hygiene habits before and during the Covid 19 pandemic, and after mitigation, as well as between the use of disinfectants and masks before and during the Covid 19 pandemic, and after mitigation, which justifies further research in this area.
The Verb “Memukul’ in the Balinese Language Dialect Spoken at Taro Village: A Natural Semantic Metalanguage Study
Authors: Dian Saputra Made , Suarka I Nyoman , Cika I Wayan
Published: September 2022

The people living at Taro village speak the Balinese language as their daily language. As the speakers of the Balinese languge, they never neglect the speech order, as can be seen from the fact that they still use the Balinese words, which in the modern era, have been neglected, resulting in the fact that many people are not familiar with a number of words, especially those which belong to the verb word class, one of which is the verb “ngetok” (hit). The Balinese language has a great number of verbs; however, the current study only analyses the verb “ngetok’ (hit) using the theory of Natural Metalanguage Semantics (NMS). The verb “ngetok” (hit) has a great number of equivalents; they are ngebug, ngedig, nigtig, ngupek, megambel, mugpugin, mukpukin, ngukul, nungting, ngempug, nyakcak, noktok, ngeplokin, nebuk, ngaasin, nepung, ngintuk, ngalocok, namplak, nyemés, nempéléng, nyagur, nyepédin, nglamet, ngamplongin, ngamplengin, ngemplangin, nglentangin, ngaplekin, nyontok, nylimed and mentil. One verb is different from another, although they are all used to express the action of hitting something or someone, depending on what tool is used to hit and the subject and object which are hit. The verb “ngetok” (hit) in the Balinese language has two different meanings; namely doing something and taking place, which can be explained using the explication technique in which it is described that “X does something on Y, causing something either bad or good to occur to Y”. Such differences in meaning can be obtained through the analysis of the original meaning using the non-compositional polysemy
A Morphosyntactical Analysis of University Students’ Writing: Indonesian Case
Authors: Mukarromah Inayatul
Published: September 2022

Different grammar between languages often causes confusion to those who learn it. Students often experience such problems when their first language (L1) and the target language (L2) share very limited linguistic aspects. This study aims to focus on the morphosyntactic issues that lead to the grammatical errors which take place in the English writing of Indonesian university students taking writing class and to analyze the potential sources of their mistakes. The data from this study were collected from a writing assignment in three Writing classes. This research followed the steps initiated by James (1998), among others: collecting data, identifying errors, classifying errors, explaining errors, and finding sources of errors. The results revealed that of the 2.218 grammatical errors found, they could be classified into two main error types: morphological errors (81.97%) and syntactic errors (18.03%) which were divided into 32 specific errors. The findings suggest that the Indonesian students are not fully aware how to use the plural marker ‘s’ as well the ‘3rd singular’ in present tense. Moreover, they cannot build a simple sentence due to the different word-order and sentence structure between Indonesian and English in terms of morphology and syntax.With regard to the potential sources of error, both inter-language errors and intralingual errors and developments have an influence on errors made in writing. Errors between languages occur when students try to use their knowledge of the L1 structure to obtain the target language, but the differences between the two languages cause errors. Intralingual and developmental errors are found because of difficulties and problems in the target language itself. The findings in this study are very useful for the process of learning English especially in writing skills.
Cross-Gender Inovativeness of Using Code Switching in Indonesan TV Talk Show
Authors: Laksminy Luh Putu
Published: September 2022

Speakers will usually choose the appropriate code (certain languages, dialects, or variations of the same language) when communicating. The use of code switching by inserting English words, phrases, sentences, or clauses into Indonesian utterances is the implication of a bilingual speaker. This paper aims at analyzing the types and factors of using code switching by male participants and female participants in Indonesian TV talk shows. Data in this study is taken from a corpus of transcribed spoken text (82.270 words in total) from total 17 episodes from two talk shows aired on two different television programs. The results show that female and male participants in their roles as hosts, guests, and co-host switch codes in their speech. They can be said to be creative and innovative speakers
The Meaning Difference of Lexicon “Sakit” in Bimanese: A Semantic Perspective
Authors: Umar Umar
Published: September 2022

The current study attempts to describe the lexicon “sakit” in Bimanese used by Mbojo ethnic group in daily communication and analyze the meaning difference from the semantic perspective. The research applied descriptive qualitative method of analysis and the data were collected by using fishbowl, recording, and note taking technique. Based on the data analysis the findings reveal that thirteen lexicons “sakit“ are used by Mbojo ethnic group in daily communication including supu [supu], hengge [hengge], sari’i [sari’i], rambo [rambo], mbalo [mbalo], mancoro [mancoro], kantero [kantero], duha [duha], pili [pili], ngelu [ngelu], ncara oi [ncara ?wi], mbowi [mb ?wi] and winte [winte].
City Strunggle: Rural and Urban Cultural Space in Bali In the Modern Indonesian Poetry of the 1960s—2012
Authors: Hardiningtyas Puji Retno , WEda Kusuma I Nyoman , Mas Triadnyani I Gusti Ayu Agung
Published: September 2022

This research is based on the space discourse that represents the city and its environment in modern Indonesian literature in Bali in the 1960s—2012. City and Bali are presented as a setting of events through space that shows the city as a social configuration of its people. The research problem formulation is (1) rural and urban concepts in the appearance of tourist cities in Bali and (2) decentering Bali and Bali's changes in the poems of the 1960s—2012. The data collection of this research used the library method with note taking technique. Descriptive analytic analysis is used as a method with critical interpretive techniques. To analyze the data Derrida's deconstruction theory was used, specifically decentering the rural and urban cultural paradigm which places the text as a social construction. The results and discussion of this research show that, first, poems of Balinese poets have a tendency not to place cities as spaces as centers of progress, but cities that show individual awareness in the middle of the city. Second, decentering Bali is a hierarchical struggle that places rural and urban culture as a contradiction of urban spatial policy with the efforts of the community to defend its culture. Therefore, the poems of the 1960s—2012 about Bali was a battle of discourses that put the binary opposition to form because of the concept of rural and urban areas.
Pemaliq of Sexual Organ within the Culture of Sasak Community: Linguistic Anthropology Study
Authors: Suliadi Suliadi
Published: September 2022

The focus of this study is pemaliq (taboo) of sexual organs within the culture of the Sasak community. This research was conducted with the aims of finding certain words used as an evasion for sexual organs and investigating the Sasak community’s view through the expression of evasion words. The data was collected by applying the method of participant observation and in-depth interviews. The data analysis showed that the evasion words used by the Sasak community for sexual organs are words in the form of euphemisms: pepa (for male and female genitals) and also words in metaphorical form: anak cobek (for male genital), cobek tombong, and dompet (for female genital). The Sasak community believes the use of evasion words in communication can create a psychological comfort and will not make the speakers feel abashed
An Analysis of Denotation and Connotation in Chairil Anwar’s Poem
Authors: Zuhdah Daumi Rahmatika , Alfain Shinta Nuriya
Published: September 2022

This study primarily investigates denotative and connotative meaning in words. Both of denotation and connotation are helpful for readers of poetry to find the interpretations and implied meaning. This analysis focuses on meaning of words that was taken randomly from a poem. The data is analyzed descriptively using Griffith’s concept about three stages of interpretation, there are literal meaning, explicature and implicature. The result shows that a word not only has denotation, but also negative and positive connotation. Both of negative and positive connotations are possible that refer to an expression or a word. The major finding of the study is every word has one connotative meaning either negative or positive.
Morphological Interference of Muna Language Speakers in the Use of Indonesian Language
Authors: Darmin Laode , Dian Danayanti Degeng Putu , Junining Esti
Published: September 2022

This study aims to examine the Muna language interference on the morphological aspects as a symptom of language that generally occurs in bilingual people. The influence of Muna language as a mother tongue and the difference between the morphological system of Muna and Indonesian is very possible for interference. This study was conducted with 20 participants from different community groups within the scope of Kecamatan Mawasangka, Kabupaten Buton Tengah. The data were collected using observation method with involved and uninvolved conversation, records and transcribing technique then analyzed using padan or Contrastive method to determine the presence of morphological interference.

The result showed that Interference in the aspect of affixation in this research occurs in the formation of the prefix {ka-}, prefix {kafo-}, prefix {ta-}, and confix {ka-...-i}. whereas in the aspect of reduplication the interference symptoms are found in the form of partial reduplication of the Muna language morphological system.

 Finally, the suggestion in this research that it is expected that the readers can have better understanding about interference and be more careful in using language. so as to reduce interference or distortion in language.
The Relationship between Language Learning Strategies used by Vocational Students and Level of Proficiency
Authors: Yustitiasari Hilda , Junining Esti , Sahiruddin Sahiruddin
Published: September 2022

The vocational college students instructed by the teacher to used self-directed learning in learning English outside classroom or during the internship. Due to the requirement of graduation which they should pass the TOEFL test after the internship. The self-directed learning is exercised by managing students’ Language Learning Strategies (LLS) which known could improve language proficiency. Hereby, this study identifies: (1) the language learning strategy used by vocational college learners based on high and low proficient, (2) the relationship between language learning strategy and English proficiency of high proficient, (3) the relationship between language learning strategy and English proficiency of high proficient. The participant of this study is 52 students of Politeknik Kota Malang which willing to complete the Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) and done the TOEFL test. This study employed correlational research design to identify the relationship between variables which is multiple regression analysis employed in this study. There are six strategies of language learning strategies by Oxford (1990) as the independent variables (predictors) and English proficiency (criterion) as the dependent variable. The result showed that Although, language learning strategy cannot simultaneously predict the English proficiency of high proficient and low proficient, compensation strategy reported as high frequently used by high proficient learners. While metacognitive strategies reported used by low proficient learners.
Translation of Foreign Culturally Colourful Metaphors Into the Native Language
Authors: Mammadova Samira J
Published: September 2022

Translation of culturally coloured words has long been in the focus of linguists. This lexicon is also called by linguists as the words without lexical equivalents in other languages. The question is actual for its importance for translators, who face with frequent difficulties in the process of translation of the texts with culturally coloured lexicon. Interpretation of culturally coloured metaphors requires not only a close acquaintance with the English culturally coloured words but also a sufficient information about the phraseological system of the native language. The semantical equivalents of English metaphors can be found in the native metaphorical system no matter in which lexical structures the identical or similar metaphorical meanings may find their expression. Possibility of finding the semantical equivalents of English metaphors in the native language is conditioned with the common thinking way of peoples speaking different languages who in their long life experience have come across with the same situations allowing to create similar metaphorical expressions in different lexical ways.

Study of language and culture in close ties was always in the focus of linguists from the point of view of communication and translation from one language into another. Scientists come to the conclusion that any language has a special semantic field which creates a difficulty for translating from one language into another. Such a lexical layer reflects just the national background, ethic and aesthetic life of a concrete people formed during many years.
A Case Study of English Affricate Consonants Realized by a Two-year-old Indonesian Child
Authors: Alwasilah Autumn , Indrayani Lia Maulia , Soemantri Ypsi Soeria
Published: September 2022

In English, the two affricate consonants are not owned by other languages. They are [d?] a voiced affricate like in the word jaguar, garage, and jeep, and [t?] a voiceless affricate like in the word chin, cheap, and check. These sounds are phonetic sequences consisting of a stop with a fricated release. For some EFL learners, especially children, producing those sounds are difficult because they don’t have a similar or same sound in their first or mother language like in Indonesian language. This study is aimed to explore the realization of English two affricate consonants produced by a two-year-old Indonesian child who speaks both English and Indonesian language. This qualitative case study shows a significant result on the voiced and voiceless post-alveolar consonant. The child couldn’t produce [d?] as in GA production in an initial sound of the word. She produced [j] sound instead, but she could pronounce it if the sound is in the final sound of the word. In contrast, she could pronounce [t?] as in GA production in both the initial and final sound of the word with ease. This study contributes helping English teachers to teach their students, especially children in their golden age, to pronounce English words and to contribute to the field of phonetics and phonology, specifically in teaching English pronunciations to EFL learners.
Gama Tirtha Ideology in Ancient Myth of Ratu Gede Tengahing Sagara
Authors: Nurjaya Putra Mahardika I Made , Cika I Wayan , Sudewa I Ketut
Published: September 2022

The Balinese can not be separated from their ancestral beliefs. The ancestral or idiological beliefs in Balinese society are conveyed through myths. One of the most well-known myths in Bali is the Ratu Gede myth. The myth of Ratu Gede is very trusted and believed in constructing worship rituals. The worship ritual that is routinely performed is the Nangluk Marana ritual. Nangluk Marana is a ritual handed down by the myth of Ratu Gede Nusa Penida. The myth of  Ratu Gede is not limited to the figure of Ratu Gede Nusa Penida, but in Bali it also found a similar myth called the myth of  Ratu Gede Tengahing Sagara. The name sagara which means the sea has shown its identity as the ruler of the ocean. The myth of Ratu Gede Tengahing Sagara as the ruler of the ocean is not only being told on the coast, but also spread out to the highlands. The idiological influence of Ratu Gede Tengahing Sagara's myth to the highlands cannot be separated from the intertwining of stories handed down from generation to generation. The intertwining that can be seen in the form of Ratu Gede Tengahing Sagara's sacred route is always related to water civilization.
Procedures in Translation Taking Place in the Translation of English Medical Terms with Reference to Clinical Biochemistry
Authors: Pebri Pranata I Putu , Udayana I Nyoman
Published: September 2022

This study aimed at finding out the translation procedures which were applied in the translation of English Medical Terms with reference to English Medical Book entitled Clinical Biochemistry 4th and its translation version in Indonesian entitled Biokimia Klinis Edisi 4. The analysis of translation the procedure was based on a theory proposed by Newmark (1988) by which eighteen procedures are mentioned. Moreover, this study applied a descriptive qualitative approach. In collecting data, this study applied an observation method by reading Clinical Biochemistry and its translation Biokimia Klinis comprehensively to collect the required data i.e. the medical terms and their translation. Furthermore, this study applied descriptive qualitative method in terms of analyzing data. The method was implemented by providing an explanation of the translation procedures. Moreover, the formal and informal methods were implemented in presenting the data. The formal method is indicated by the use of the table where the term and its translation were placed and differed into SL and TL. The informal method refers to the use of a descriptive explanation regarding the translation procedure. After the identification process, it was found some procedures were applied, i.e. transference, naturalization, literal, and descriptive equivalent. The dominant procedure applied was literal procedure. The contrary, descriptive equivalent was the least applied procedure. Based on the result, it can be confirmed that there was an attempt by translator in maintaining the SL words rather than considering TL words as the translation.
Indonesian Interference in Students' Japanese Essays of SMK Penerbangan Cakra Nusantara School
Authors: Devi Ayu Andari Putu
Published: September 2022

This research discusses Indonesian language interference that occurs in Japanese essays written by SMK Penerbangan Cakra Nusantara students. This research aims to describe the types of interference found in the form of sentences in students' essays. This research used qualitative descriptive. The subject of this research are students of XII APP 1 class, meanwhile the object of this research are interference sentences in Japanese essays. The data was collected through note taking technique. The data was analysed using a theory proposed by Miles and Hubberman by performing data reduction, analysing data, and making conclusions. The results of this research are 1) the types of interference that occured based on linguistic aspects are morphological and syntactic interference; and 2) syntactic interference occured in three types of interference such as permutation of core constituents (I) and modifier (M), permutation of predicate (P) and object (O), and ommision of particles (joshi).
Improvement of English Speaking Ability In 7th Grade Students of Ganesha Junior High School Denpasar Through TANDUR Method
Authors: Hartomi Arya Franata I Putu , Simpen I Wayan , Dhanawaty Ni Made
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the application of the TANDUR method can improve speaking skills in learning English. This research is a qualitative study using five types of methods which include tests, TANDUR experiments, questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The results of the questionnaire answered by students showed the factors that influence their motivation in the learning process. The factors that influence students in the learning process are divided into two, namely internal factors and external factors. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the ability of students in speaking English increases after the application of the TANDUR method. Three aspects of speech assessed in this study, were grammar, vocabulary, and understanding that experienced an increase, both in class 7.1 which is the treatment class and class 7.3 which is the control class.
Process Types of Transitivity System in The Ritual Teks of Tawur Sasih Kesanga in Desa Adat Kuta
Authors: Kintya Tista yanti Ni Wayan
Published: September 2022

This study is aimed to analyze the process types of transitivity system in a ritual text of Tawur Sasih Kesanga in Desa Adat Kuta. This research uses primary data contains of transcription of a text that recorded at the ritual and a text that recorded when interview the ritual leader, pemangku. The data was collected by observation method and 1-on-1 interview method. The data is analyzed qualitatively and presented by applying formal and informal methods.

The result of this study indicate that there are five (5) types of transitivity processes used in the Ritual Text of Tawur Sasih Kesanga in Desa Adat Kuta, thore are: (1) Material process is used dominantly as many as 73 or 52,9%; (2) The use of  relational process is found as many as 40 or 29%; (3) Behavioral process is used as many as 10 or 7,2%; (4) the use of mental process is found as many as 8 or 5,8%; (5) The last one, it’s found that existential process is used as many as 7 or 5,1%.