bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycosphaerella pruni-persicae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Mycosphaerella pruni-persicae
Deighton. Hosts: Peach (
Primus persica
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China (Szechwan), India (kumann, Solon), Japan, EUROPE, Bulgaria, Italy (Treviso), USSR (Caucasus), NORTH AMERICA, Canada (? N.S.), United States, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina (Paraná Delta).
Fig mosaic virus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Fig mosaic virus
Condit & Home. Hosts: Fig (
Ficus carica
) and other Ficus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Algeria, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, China (Kwangtung, Nanking), India (Himachal Pradesh, E. Punjab), Israel, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, USSR (Azerbaidzhan), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (New South Wales), New Zealand (North Island), EUROPE, Britain, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Spain, Yugoslavia, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Puerto Rico, NORTH AMERICA, USA (California, Florida, Ga, Tex.). This map has been discontinued since publishing.
Gnomonia erythrostoma
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Gnomonia erythrostoma
[Apiognomonia erythrostoma]
(Pers.) Auersw. Hosts: Cherry (
Prunus
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England & Wales, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Norway, Romania, Switzerland, USSR, Yugoslavia.
Puccinia melanocephala
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Puccinia melanocephala
H. & P. Sydow. Hosts: Sugar cane (
Saccharum
), Erianthus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Cameroon, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Reunion, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, China (Hupeh, Yunnan), India (Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madras, Maharashta, Mysore, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh), Nepal, Taiwan, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (Queensland), (New South Wales), NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA (Florida, La), (Mississippi), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Guyana, Venezuela.
Phytophthora colocasiae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phytophthora colocasiae
Racib. Hosts: Colocasia and Xanthosoma spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ethiopia, Fernando Po, ASIA, Burma, Ceylon, China (S), Hong Kong, India (Assam) (Bihar) (Punjab) (Kerala, Madras, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java), Japan, Peninsular Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak), Nepal, Pakistan (E), Taiwan (Formosa), Thailand, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Fiji, Guam, Hawaii, Papua & New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, USA Trust Territory, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Dominican Republic.
Haplobasidion musae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Haplobasidion musae
M. B. Ellis. Hosts: Banana (Musa spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Peninsular Malaysia, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Fiji, Samoa.
Cronartium comptoniae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Cronartium comptoniae
Arth. Hosts: Hard pines (Pinus spp.), Comptonia peregrina & Myrica gale. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA (New England to Great Lake States to Georgia Alaska, Oregon, Washington State).
Lettuce necrotic yellows virus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Lettuce necrotic yellows virus
. Hosts; Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New Zealand (S).
Cercoseptoria pini-densiflorae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Cercoseptoria pini-densiflorae
[Mycosphaerella gibsonii]
(Hori & Narnbu) Deighton. Hosts: Pine (
Pinus spp
.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, China, Hong Kong, India (Madhya Pradesh), Japan, Peninsular Malaysia, (Sabah), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Scirrhia acicola
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Scirrhia acicola
[Mycosphaerella dearnessii]
(Dearn.) Siggers. Hosts: Pine (
Pinus spp
.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Colombia.
Drechslera stenospila
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Drechslera stenospila
(Drechsler). Subram. & Jain. Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Mozambique, Senegal, South Africa (Natal), Tanzania, Zambia, ASIA, Formosa (Taiwan), India (Mysore), Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (Queensland), Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia, Western Samoa, NORTH AMERICA, USA (Fla, Ga, La), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil (Sao Paulo), (Sergipe), Peru, Venezuela.
Puccinia cacabata
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Puccinia cacabata
Arth. & Holw. Hosts: Cotton (Gossypium spp.); Bouteloua and Chloris spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA (Arizona, Tex.), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil.
Physoderma leproides
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Physoderma leproides
(Trab.) Karl. Hosts: Beet (Beta vulgaris). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, ASIA, Israel, EUROPE, Cyprus, Italy, NORTH AMERICA, USA (California), SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Uruguay.
Xanthomonas sesami
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Xanthomonas sesami
Sabet & Dowson. Hosts: Sesame (Sesamum indicum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Sudan, ASIA, India (New Delhi).
Pseudomonas andropogonis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Pseudomonas andropogonis
[Burkholderia andropogonis]
(E.F. Smith) Stapp Sorghum, Maize (Zea mays), Velvet bean. Hosts: (Stizolobium deeringianum), Clover (Trifolium), Vicia & other hosts. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Rhodesia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, ASIA, China (E.), Japan, Taiwan (Formosa), USSR (Soviet Far East), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australasia (New South Wales), Hawaii, EUROPE, Hungary, NORTH AMERICA, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil (Minas Gerais).
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
melonis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum
Schlecht. ex Fr. f. sp.
melonis
Snyder & Hansen. Hosts: Muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Morocco, Rhodesia, ASIA, India (Tamil Nadu), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, USSR (Armenia), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (Queensland), EUROPE, Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, USSR (Moldavia), NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA (general).
Olivea tectonae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Olivea tectonae
(T.S. & K. Ramakrishnan) Mulder. Hosts: Teak (Tectona grandis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Burma, India (West Bengal, Bihar, Madras, Maharastra, Mysore), (Kerala), Indonesia (Java), Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Taiwan (Formosa), Thailand.
Operculella padwickii
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Operculella padwickii
Kheswalla. Hosts: Chick pea (Cicer arietinum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India (Delhi, Punjab).
Fusarium oxysporum
f.sp.
aleuridis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum
f.sp.
aleuridis
Suelong. Host: Tung-oil trees (Aleurites fordii). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China.
Ustilago shiraiana
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Ustilago shiraiana
Hennings. Hosts: Phyllostachys, Sasa and other bamboos. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Jiangxi (Kiangsi), Jiangsu (Kiangsu), Fujian (Fukien), Henan, Jiangxi (Kiangsi), India, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, USSR (Iturup), NORTH AMERICA, USA, CA, Florida, Louisiana, MS, Maryland, Texas, MS, FL.
Pericladium grewiae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Pericladium grewiae
Passerini. Hosts: Grewia spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Ethiopia, ASIA, India, Mysore, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, AUSTRALASIA, Australia.
Lophodermium orientale
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Lophodermium orientale
D.W. Minter. Hosts: Pinus excelsa and P. wallichiana. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan.
Elytroderma deformans
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Elytroderma deformans
(Weir) Darker. Hosts: Pinus ponderosa, occasionally other pines. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territory, Ontario, Yukon, USA.
Elytroderma torres-juanii
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Elytroderma torres-juanii
Diamandis & Minter. Hosts: Pinus halepensis, P. brutia and P. pinea. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Yugoslavia.
Ravenelia parasnathii
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Ravenelia parasnathii
Yadav. Hosts: Acacia spp. (A. canescens, A. caesia, A. pennata). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Nepal.
Sarocladium oryzae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Sarocladium oryzae
(Sawada) W. Gams and D. Hawksw. Hosts: Oryza sativa, Bambusa spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Burundi, Gambia, Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei, China, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, India, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, NORTH AMERICA, USA, LA Mexico, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil.
Anisogramma anomala
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Anisogramma anomala
(Peck) E. Mülller. Host: Corylus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Nova, Scotia, USA.
Stigmina deflectens
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Stigmina deflectens
(P. Karsten) M. B. Ellis. Host: Juniperus communis. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Finland, Romania, USSR, Crimea (Ukraine), NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Manitoba.
Tilletia tumefaciens
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Tilletia tumefaciens
H. Sydow & Sydow. Hosts: Panicum antidotale. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India, Haryana, Pakistan, Lyallpur, Lahore, Changa, Manga, Sheikhupura.
Ustilago esculents
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Ustilago esculents
Henn. Hosts: Zizania. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, India, Hong Kong, Japan, North Vietnam, Taiwan, NORTH AMERICA, USA.
Phytophthora ilicis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phytophthora ilicis
Buddenhagen & Young. Hosts: Ilex aquifolium. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Netherlands, UK, S. England, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Washington State.
Phytophthora clandestina
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phytophthora clandestina
Taylor, Pascoe & Greenhalgh. Hosts: Trifolium subterraneum. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, Vic., New South Wales, SA, WA.
Pythium tracheiphilum
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Pythium tracheiphilum
Matta. Hosts: Lactuca sativa, Spinacea oleracea. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, UK, England, NORTH AMERICA, USA.
Diachora erebia
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Diachora erebia
(Sydow) P. Cannon. Hosts: Caragana spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Civil-Mongolia, India, Kashmir, Russia, Siberia, Krasnoyarskiy, Kray, Minusinsk.
Phyllachora acaciae var. subpapillata
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phyllachora acaciae var. subpapillata
(Petrak) P. Cannon. Hosts: Acacia spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Chad, Morocco, Somalia, South Africa, Natal, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, ASIA, Burma, India, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Maharastra, Rajasthan South Yemen, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Dominican Republic.
Phyllachora afzeliae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phyllachora afzeliae
Sydow. Hosts: Afzelia spp. and Intsia bijuga. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Guinea, Kenya, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, ASIA, Philippines, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, American, Samoa, Guam, Western, Samoa.
Phyllachora conica
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phyllachora conica
(Ghardon) Petrak. Hosts: Machaerium spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela.
Phyllachora viventis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phyllachora viventis
(Cooke) Sacc. Hosts: Dalbergia spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Tanzania, Zambia, ASIA, Burma, India, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharastra, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Nepal, Philippines.
Mycosphaerella caricae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Mycosphaerella caricae
H. Sydow & Sydow. Hosts: Carica papaya. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Brunei, Burma, India, Karnataka, Indonesia, West Irian, Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, Fiji, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Puerto Rico, SOUTH AMERICA, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela.
Diatraea saccharalis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Diatraea saccharalis
(Fabricius). Lepidoptera: Pyralidae. Attacks mainly sugarcane, maize,
Sorghum
, rice and grasses. Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America, USA, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, Central America and caribbean, Antigua, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Kitts-Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Virgin Islands, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela.
Bactrocera oleae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Bactrocera oleae
(Gmelin). Diptera: Tephritidae (olive fly, olive fruit fly). Attacks olive, cultivated and wild. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Sardinina, Sicily, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Africa, Algeria, Angola, Canary Islands, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, CIS, Georgia, Asia, India, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria.
Bactrocera dorsalis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Bactrocera dorsalis
(Hendel). Diptera: Tephritidae (Oriental fruit fly). Attacks a very wide range of fleshy fruits and vegetables. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Kampuchea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Ogasawara Islands, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Pacifica Islands, Hawaii, Mariana Islands, North America, USA, California.
Oryctes monoceros
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Oryctes monoceros
(Ol.) Coleoptera: Dynastidae. Attacks Coconut, date and oil palms. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Southern Yemen, Africa, Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoro Islands, Dahomey, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Upper Volta, Zaire.
Euproctis chrysorrhoea
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Euproctis chrysorrhoea
L. Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae (brown-tail moth). Attacks
Prunus
and other fruit trees, elm, hawthorn, oak, poplar. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, Asia, Iran, Syria, Turkey, USSR, Africa, Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, North America, Canada, USA.
El Niño southern oscillation and decadal climate variability impacts on crop yields and adaptation value.
Authors: Wang Ming-lu
Published: August 2021

Ocean-atmospheric phenomena (OAP) have been found to be associated with regional climate variability and, in turn, agricultural production. Previous research has shown that advance information on OAP and its climate implications could provide valuable opportunities to adjust agriculture practices. In this study, we review OAP effects on crop yields, covering both shorter-term El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and longer-term ocean-related decadal climate variability (DCV) phenomena, such as Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Tropical Atlantic Gradient (TAG), and the West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). We review both statistical approaches and simulation models that have been used to assess OAP impacts on crop yields. Findings show heterogeneous impacts across crops, regions, OAP phases, and seasons. Evidence also indicates that more frequent and extreme OAP phases would damage agriculture. However, economic gains could be achieved via adaptation strategies responding to the early release of OAP phase information. Discussions on current knowledge gaps and future research issues are included.
Entirety of Quantum Uncertainty and Its Experimental Verification
Authors: Xie Jie , Zhou Li , Zhang Aonan , Xu Huichao , Yung Man-Hong , Xu Ping , Yu Nengkun , Zhang Lijian
Published: August 2021

As a foundation of quantum physics, uncertainty relations describe ultimate limit for the measurement uncertainty of incompatible observables. Traditionally, uncertainty relations are formulated by mathematical bounds for a specific state. Here we present a method for geometrically characterizing uncertainty relations as an entire area of variances of the observables, ranging over all possible input states. We find that for the pair of position and momentum operators, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle points exactly to the attainable area of the variances of position and momentum. Moreover, for finite-dimensional systems, we prove that the corresponding area is necessarily semialgebraic; in other words, this set can be represented via finite polynomial equations and inequalities, or any finite union of such sets. In particular, we give the analytical characterization of the areas of variances of (a) a pair of one-qubit observables and (b) a pair of projective observables for arbitrary dimension, and give the first experimental observation of such areas in a photonic system.
A Programmable k · p Hamiltonian Method and Application to Magnetic Topological Insulator MnBi2Te4
Authors: Zhan Guohui , Shi Minji , Yang Zhilong , Zhang Haijun
Published: August 2021

In the band theory, first-principles calculations, the tight-binding method and the effective
k
·
p
model are usually employed to investigate electronic structures of condensed matters. The effective
k
·
p
model has a compact form with a clear physical picture, and first-principles calculations can give more accurate results. Nowadays, it has been widely recognized to combine the
k
·
p
model and first-principles calculations to explore topological materials. However, the traditional method to derive the
k
·
p
Hamiltonian is complicated and time-consuming by hand. We independently developed a programmable algorithm to construct effective
k
·
p
Hamiltonians for condensed matters. Symmetries and orbitals are used as the input information to produce the one-/two-/three-dimensional
k
·
p
Hamiltonian in our method, and the open-source code can be directly downloaded online. At last, we also demonstrated the application to MnBi2Te4-family magnetic topological materials.
Long-Time Magnetic Relaxation in Antiferromagnetic Topological Material EuCd2As2
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Cong , Li Yong , Zhou Xuebo , Wu Wei , Yu Runze , Zhao Jianfa , Yin Chaohui , Shi Youguo , Jin Changqing , Luo Jianlin , Zhao Lin , Xiang Tao , Liu Guodong , Zhou X. J.
Published: August 2021

Magnetic topological materials have attracted much attention due to the correlation between topology and magnetism. Recent studies suggest that EuCd2As2 is an antiferromagnetic topological material. Here by carrying out thorough magnetic, electrical and thermodynamic property measurements, we discover a long-time relaxation of the magnetic susceptibility in EuCd2As2. The (001) in-plane magnetic susceptibility at 5 K is found to continuously increase up to ∼10% over the time of ∼14 hours. The magnetic relaxation is anisotropic and strongly depends on the temperature and the applied magnetic field. These results will stimulate further theoretical and experimental studies to understand the origin of the relaxation process and its effect on the electronic structure and physical properties of the magnetic topological materials.
Visualizing the in-Gap States in Domain Boundaries of Ultra-Thin Topological Insulator Films
Authors: Zhang Jun , Cheng Junbo , Ji Shuaihua , Jiang Yeping
Published: August 2021

Ultra-thin topological insulators provide a platform for realizing many exotic phenomena such as the quantum spin Hall effect, and quantum anomalous Hall effect. These effects or states are characterized by quantized transport behavior of edge states. Experimentally, although these states have been realized in various systems, the temperature for the edge states to be the dominating channel in transport is extremely low, contrary to the fact that the bulk gap is usually in the order of a few tens of milli-electron volts. There must be other in-gap conduction channels that do not freeze out until a much lower temperature. Here we grow ultra-thin topological insulator Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films by molecular beam epitaxy and investigate the structures of domain boundaries in these films. By scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy we find that the domain boundaries with large rotation angles have pronounced in-gap bound states, through which one-dimensional conduction channels are suggested to form, as visualized by spatially resolved spectroscopy. Our work indicates the critical role played by domain boundaries in degrading the transport properties.
Constructing Low-Dimensional Quantum Devices Based on the Surface State of Topological Insulators
Authors: Zhang Tian-Yi , Yan Qing , Sun Qing-Feng
Published: August 2021

We propose a new method to construct low-dimensional quantum devices consisting of the magnetic topological insulators. Unlike previous systems based on locally depleting two-dimensional electron gas in semiconductor heterojunctions, magnetization provides a simpler and rewriteable fabrication way. The motion of electrons can be manipulated through the domain wall formed by the boundary between different magnetic domains. Here, three devices designed by local magnetization are presented. For the quantum point contact, conductance exhibits quantized plateaus with the increasing silt width between two magnetic domains. For the quantum dot, conductance shows pronounced peaks as the change of gate voltage. Finally, for the Aharonov–Bohm ring, conductance oscillates periodically with the external magnetic field. Numerical results show that the transport of these local magnetization systems is identical to that of the previous systems based on depleting two-dimensional electron gas, and the only difference is the approach of construction. These findings may pave the way for realization of low-power-consumption devices based on magnetic domain walls.
Surface functionalization with nonalternant aromatic compounds: a computational study of azulene and naphthalene on Si(001)
Authors: Kreuter Florian , Tonner Ralf
Published: August 2021

Nonalternant aromatic π-electron systems show promises for surface functionalization due to their unusual electronic structure. Based on our previous experiences for metal surfaces, we investigate the adsorption structures, adsorption dynamics and bonding characteristics of azulene and its alternant aromatic isomer naphthalene on the Si(001) surface. Using a combination of density functional theory, ab initio molecular dynamics, reaction path sampling and bonding analysis with the energy decomposition analysis for extended systems, we show that azulene shows direct adsorption paths into several, strongly bonded chemisorbed final structures with up to four covalent carbon–silicon bonds which can be described in a donor–acceptor and a shared-electron bonding picture nearly equivalently. Naphthalene also shows these tetra-σ-type bonding structures in accordance with an earlier study. But the adsorption path is pseudo-direct here with a precursor intermediate bonded via one aromatic ring and strong indications for a narrow adsorption funnel. The four surface-adsorbate bonds formed lead for both adsorbates to a strong corrugation and a loss of aromaticity.
Kinetics of charged polymer collapse in poor solvents
Authors: Ghosh Susmita , Vemparala Satyavani
Published: August 2021

Extensive molecular dynamics simulations, using simple charged polymer models, have been employed to probe the collapse kinetics of a single flexible polyelectrolyte (PE) chain under implicit poor solvent conditions. We investigate the role of the charged nature of PE chain (A), valency of counterions (Z) on the kinetics of such PE collapse. Our study shows that the collapse kinetics of charged polymers are significantly different from those of the neutral polymer and that the finite-size scaling behavior of PE collapse times does not follow the Rouse scaling as observed in the case of neutral polymers. The critical exponent for charged PE chains is found to be less than that of neutral polymers and also exhibits dependence on counterion valency. The coarsening of clusters along the PE chain suggests a multi-stage collapse and exhibits opposite behavior of exponents compared to neutral polymers: faster in the early stages and slower in the later stages of collapse.
Quantum sensing protocol for motionally chiral Rydberg atoms
Authors: Buhmann S Y , Giesen S M , Diekmann M , Berger R , Aull S , Zahariev P , Debatin M , Singer K
Published: August 2021

A quantum sensing protocol is proposed for demonstrating the motion-induced chirality of circularly polarised Rydberg atoms. To this end, a cloud of Rydberg atoms is dressed by a bichromatic light field. This allows to exploit the long-lived ground states for implementing a Ramsey interferometer in conjunction with a spin echo pulse sequence for refocussing achiral interactions. Optimal parameters for the dressing lasers are identified. Combining a circularly polarised dipole transition in the Rydberg atom with atomic centre-of-mass motion, the system becomes chiral. The resulting discriminatory chiral energy shifts induced by a chiral mirror are estimated using a macroscopic quantum electrodynamics approach. The presented quantum sensing protocol will also provide an indirect proof for Casimir–Polder quantum friction.
Optimization of modular and helical coils applying genetic algorithm and fully-three-dimensional B-spline curves
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Satake Shinsuke , Nakata Motoki , Shimizu Akihiro , Suzuki Yasuhiro , W7-X Team the
Published: August 2021

A new numerical method for designing the external coils of a stellarator is presented. In this method, the shape of filamentary coils is expressed using fully three-dimensional B-spline curves that are not necessarily constrained on a winding surface. The control points of B-spline curves are optimized together with the coil position and current to minimize an objective function, which is defined using normal field components and engineering constraints. The genetic algorithm is employed to minimize the objective function for arbitrary combinations of modular, helical, and circular poloidal field coils without giving any specific initial guess of coil shapes. A new numerical code genetic optimizer using sequence of points for external coil is developed on the basis of this method, and successfully found optimized modular coils for the stellarators CFQS and Wendelstein 7-X. We also found a specific pattern of helical coil arrangement that can reproduce these optimized stellarators while creating divertor legs outside of the closed magnetic surfaces.
Turbulent transport in the scrape-off layer of Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Killer Carsten , Narbutt Yann , Grulke Olaf , W7-X Team the
Published: August 2021

Turbulent transport is widely considered to be the main driver for cross-field transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of toroidal magnetized plasmas. Here, reciprocating Langmuir probes are employed to measure both the plasma profiles and the turbulent particle transport in the SOL of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator. The relation between turbulent radial particle flux Γr and the local pressure gradient is often approximately linear across the entire SOL width, indicating that radial turbulence spreading is absent. This observation holds across a wide range of magnetic configurations and different plasma heating and density scenarios. The magnitude of the turbulent transport for a given gradient reveals a dependence on the magnetic configuration and the position in the SOL, which we relate to the cross-spectral characteristics of multi-tip floating potential measurements. Magnetic islands can add further complexity due to non-monotonic SOL profiles and the breaking of the transport-gradient relation. Finally, anomalous diffusion coefficients are determined from the probe measurements.
The Sympathetic Nervous System in Hypertension: Roadmap Update of a Long Journey
Authors: Grassi Guido
Published: August 2021

The present paper will provide an update on the role of sympathetic neural factors in the development and progression of essential hypertension by reviewing data collected in the past 10 years. This will be done by discussing the results of the published studies in which sympathetic neural function in essential hypertension and related disease has been investigated via sophisticated and highly sensitive techniques, such as microneurographic recording of sympathetic nerve traffic and regional norepinephrine spillover. First, the relevance of the pathophysiological background of the neurogenic alterations will be discussed. It will be then examined the behavior of the sympathetic neural function in specific clinical phenotypes, such as resistant hypertension, pseudoresistant hypertension, and hypertensive states displaying elevated resting heart values. This will be followed by a discussion of the main results of the meta-analytic studies examining the behavior of sympathetic nerve traffic in essential hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and chronic renal failure. The sympathetic effects of renal denervation and carotid baroreceptor stimulation as well as the possible involvement of sympathetic neural factors in the determination of the so-called “residual risk” of the treated hypertensive patients will be finally discussed.
Predation shapes behavioral lateralization: insights from an adaptive radiation of livebearing fish
Authors: Hulthén Kaj , Heinen-Kay Justa L , Schmidt Danielle A , Langerhans R Brian
Published: August 2021

Hemispheric brain lateralization can drive the expression of behavioral asymmetry, or laterality, which varies notably both within and among species. To explain these left–right behavioral asymmetries in animals, predator-mediated selection is often invoked. Recent studies have revealed that a relatively high degree of lateralization correlates positively with traits known to confer survival benefits against predators, including escape performance, multitasking abilities, and group coordination. Yet, we still know comparatively little about 1) how consistently predators shape behavioral lateralization, 2) the importance of sex-specific variation, and 3) the degree to which behavioral lateralization is heritable. Here, we take advantage of the model system of the radiation of Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) and measure behavioral lateralization in hundreds of wild fish originating from multiple blue holes that differ in natural predation pressure. Moreover, we estimated the heritability of this trait using laboratory-born fish from one focal population. We found that the degree of lateralization but not the particular direction of lateralization (left or right) differed significantly across high and low predation risk environments. Fish originating from high-predation environments were more strongly lateralized, especially females. We further confirmed a genetic basis to behavioral lateralization in this species, with significant additive genetic variation in the population examined. Our results reveal that predation risk represents one key ecological factor that has likely shaped the origin and maintenance of this widespread behavioral phenomenon, even potentially explaining some of the sex-specific patterns of laterality recently described in some animals.
Olfactory Impairment and Close Social Relationships. A Narrative Review
Authors: Blomkvist Anna , Hofer Marlise
Published: August 2021

Olfactory impairment is one of the more unique symptoms of COVID-19 infection and has therefore enjoyed increased public attention in recent months. Olfactory impairment has various implications and consequences ranging from difficulty detecting dangerous pathogens to hindering social functioning and social behaviors. We provide an overview of how olfactory impairment can impact 3 types of close social relationships: family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. Evidence is divided into several categories representing potential mechanisms by which olfactory impairment can impact close social relationships: bonding disruptions, decreased social support, missed group-eating experiences, hygiene concerns, and altered sexual behaviors. We conclude with a discussion of emerging future research questions.
Suspected Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) Reinfections: Incidence, Predictors, and Healthcare Use Among Patients at 238 US Healthcare Facilities, 1 June 2020 to 28 February 2021
Authors: Lawandi Alexander , Warner Sarah , Sun Junfeng , Demirkale Cumhur Y , Danner Robert L , Klompas Michael , Gundlapalli Adi , Datta Deblina , Harris Aaron M , Morris Sapna Bamrah , Natarajan Pavithra , Kadri Sameer S
Published: August 2021

In a retrospective cohort study, among 131 773 patients with previous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) was suspected in 253 patients (0.2%) at 238 US healthcare facilities between 1 June 2020 and 28 February 2021. Women displayed a higher cumulative reinfection risk. Healthcare burden and illness severity were similar between index and reinfection encounters.
Strengths and Challenges of Various Models of Geriatric Consultation for Older Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Davis Amelia J , Greene Meredith , Siegler Eugenia , Fitch Kathleen V , Schmalzle Sarah A , Krain Alysa , Vera Jaime H , Boffito Marta , Falutz Julian , Erlandson Kristine M
Published: August 2021

As care of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) has transitioned from management of opportunistic infections to management of conditions associated with older age, new models of geriatric consultation are needed. The authors, who represent 9 clinics across North America and the United Kingdom, provided their insights on models of geriatric consultation for older PWH. Three models of geriatric consultation are delineated: outpatient referral/consultation, combined HIV/geriatric multidisciplinary clinic, and dually trained providers within 1 clinical setting. A patient-centered approach and the use of expertise across disciplines were universally identified as strengths. Logistical barriers and the reluctance of older PWH to see a geriatric care provider were identified as barriers to implementing these models. Although the optimal model of geriatric consultation depends on a region’s resources, there is value in augmenting the training of infectious disease providers to include principles of geriatric care.
Distinct requirements for the COMPASS core subunits Set1, Swd1, and Swd3 during meiosis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Trainor Brandon M , Ciccaglione Kerri , Czymek Miranda , Law Michael J
Published: August 2021

Meiosis-specific chromatin structures, guided by histone modifications, are critical mediators of a meiotic transient transcription program and progression through prophase I. Histone H3K4 can be methylated up to three times by the Set1-containing COMPASS complex and each methylation mark corresponds to a different chromatin conformation. The level of H3K4 modification is directed by the activity of additional COMPASS components. In this study, we characterized the role of the COMPASS subunits during meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vegetative cells, previous studies revealed a role for subunits Swd2, Sdc1, and Bre2 for H3K4me2 while Spp1 supported trimethylation. However, we found that Bre2 and Sdc1 are required for H3K4me3 as yeast prepare to enter meiosis while Spp1 is not. Interestingly, we identified distinct meiotic functions for the core COMPASS complex members that required for all H3K4me, Set1, Swd1, and Swd3. While Set1 and Swd1 are required for progression through early meiosis, Swd3 is critical for late meiosis and spore morphogenesis. Furthermore, the meiotic requirement for Set1 is independent of H3K4 methylation, suggesting the presence of nonhistone substrates. Finally, checkpoint suppression analyses indicate that Set1 and Swd1 are required for both homologous recombination and chromosome segregation. These data suggest that COMPASS has important new roles for meiosis that are independent of its well-characterized functions during mitotic divisions.
Universal Infant Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Vaccination for 35 Years: Moving Toward the Eradication of HBV
Authors: Chang Kai-Chi , Chang Mei-Hwei , Chen Huey-Ling , Wu Jia-Feng , Chang Chin-Hao , Hsu Hong-Yuan , Ni Yen-Hsuan
Published: August 2021

A universal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program has been implemented in Taiwan since 1984. A total of 1611 individuals in Taipei were enrolled to monitor long-term efficacy. The prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody in the vaccinated birth cohort were lower than in those born before 1984 (0.4% vs 7.7%, and 2.2% vs 50.8%, respectively; P < .0001). Three vaccine-failure carriers all were born to HBsAg-carrier mothers, probably due to no antiviral intervention during pregnancy. Occult HBV infection was rare in the postvaccination era. High vaccination coverage, comprehensive HBV screening, and antiviral agents for pregnant mothers will be essential to eliminate HBV transmission.
Kelch13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum and risk of spreading in Amazon basin countries
Authors: Mathieu Luana C , Singh Prabhjot , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Magris Magda , Cox Horace , Lazrek Yassamine , Melo Gisely C , Marchesini Paola , Alexandre Jean S F , Alvarez Angel Manuel , Demar Magalie , Douine Maylis , Ade Maria-Paz , Lacerda Marcus V G , Musset Lise
Published: August 2021

Background

The first potential focus for artemisinin resistance in South America was recently confirmed with the presence of the C580Y mutation in the Plasmodium falciparum kelch 13 gene (pfk13) in Guyana.

Objectives

This study aimed to strengthen pfk13 monitoring in the Amazon basin countries, to compile the available data and to evaluate the risk of spreading of mutations.

Methods

Sanger sequencing was done on 862 samples collected between 1998 and 2019, and a global map of pfk13 genotypes available for this region was constructed. Then, the risk of spreading of mutations based on P. falciparum case importation between 2015 and 2018 within countries of the Amazon basin was evaluated.

Results

No additional pfk13 C580Y foci were identified. Few mutations (0.5%, 95% CI = 0.3%–0.8%) in the propeller domain were observed in the general parasite population of this region despite a high proportion of K189T mutations (49.1%, 95% CI = 46.2%–52.0%) in the non-propeller domain. Case information revealed two patterns of intense human migration: Venezuela, Guyana and the Roraima State in Brazil; and French Guiana, Suriname and the Amapá State in Brazil.

Conclusions

There are few pfk13 mutant foci, but a high risk of dispersion in the Amazon basin, mainly from the Guiana Shield, proportionate to mining activities. Therefore, access to prompt diagnosis and treatment, and continuous molecular monitoring is essential in these geographical areas.
Meropenem concentrations in brain tissue of neurointensive care patients exceed CSF levels
Authors: Hosmann Arthur , Ritscher Lavinia , Burgmann Heinz , Al Jalali Valentin , Wulkersdorfer Beatrix , Wölfl-Duchek Michael , Sanz Codina Maria , Jäger Walter , Poschner Stefan , Plöchl Walter , Reinprecht Andrea , Rössler Karl , Gruber Andreas , Zeitlinger Markus
Published: August 2021

Background

Inadequate antibiotic exposure in cerebral infections might have detrimental effects on clinical outcome. Commonly, antibiotic concentrations within the CSF were used to estimate cerebral target levels. However, the actual pharmacological active unbound drug concentration beyond the blood–brain barrier is unknown.

Objectives

To compare meropenem concentrations in blood, CSF and cerebral microdialysate of neurointensive care patients.

Patients and methods

In 12 patients suffering subarachnoid haemorrhage, 2000 mg of meropenem was administered every 8 h due to an extracerebral infection. Meropenem concentrations were determined in blood, CSF and cerebral microdialysate at steady state (n = 11) and following single-dose administration (n = 5).

Results

At steady state, the free AUC0–8 was 233.2 ± 42.7 mg·h/L in plasma, 7.8 ± 1.9 mg·h/L in CSF and 26.6 ± 14.0 mg·h/L in brain tissue. The brain tissue penetration ratio (AUCbrain/AUCplasma) was 0.11 ± 0.06, which was more than 3 times higher than in CSF (0.03 ± 0.01), resulting in an AUCCSF/AUCbrain ratio of 0.41 ± 0.16 at steady state. After single-dose administration similar proportions were achieved (AUCbrain/AUCplasma = 0.09 ± 0.08; AUCCSF/AUCplasma = 0.02 ± 0.00). Brain tissue concentrations correlated well with CSF concentrations (R = 0.74, P < 0.001), but only moderately with plasma concentrations (R = 0.51, P < 0.001). Bactericidal thresholds were achieved in both plasma and brain tissue for MIC values ≤16 mg/L. In CSF, bactericidal effects were only reached for MIC values ≤1 mg/L.

Conclusions

Meropenem achieves sufficient bactericidal concentrations for the most common bacterial strains of cerebral infections in both plasma and brain tissue, even in non-inflamed brain tissue. CSF concentrations would highly underestimate the target site activity of meropenem beyond the blood–brain barrier.