bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estabelecimento in vitro de Ceiba rubriflora Carv.-Sobr. e L. P. Queiroz
Authors: Docha Anna Luiza Mota , Oliveira Leandro Silva , Souza Nayara dos Santos , Brondani Gilvano Ebling
Published: October 2020

Ceiba rubriflora é uma espécie nativa da região do médio São Francisco que se encontra em risco crítico de extinção. Em decorrência do endemismo da espécie, a produção de sementes é escassa e a micropropagação apresenta-se como ferramenta para a propagação da espécie. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estabelecer in vitro sementes de C. rubriflora após desinfestação com diferentes concentrações de cloro ativo e testar a multiplicação in vitro de brotações apicais em diferentes concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP). O estabelecimento in vitro das sementes foi realizado em meio de cultura MS, sendo estas submetidas previamente à desinfestação com hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) nas concentrações de 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,5% de cloro ativo. Em condições in vitro, brotações apicais das plântulas germinadas foram utilizadas como explantes para a multiplicação, em meio de cultura MS, suplementado com BAP nas concentrações de 0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1. As avaliações foram referentes à sobrevivência das plântulas, à contaminação fúngica e bacteriana e ao número de brotações por explante. A germinação in vitro das sementes foi superior a 98% com taxa de sobrevivência das plântulas maior que 50%. A porcentagem total de contaminação fúngica foi de apenas 2%, isenta de culturas bacterianas. Não houve multiplicação das brotações apicais de C. rubriflora em um único subcultivo in vitro em meio de cultura com BAP. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade da germinação in vitro de sementes de C. rubriflora para a introdução e posterior processo de micropropagação, abrindo perspectivas para maiores estudos com a espécie.
Biochar de casca de pequi como componente de substrato para produção de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T.
Authors: Basílio Josiana Jussara Nazaré , Rodrigues Lorrane Aguiar , Silva Maria Shirley Amorim , Colen Fernando , Oliveira Leandro Silva
Published: October 2020

O uso de substratos empregando o biochar como componente consiste de uma alternativa viável na produção de mudas florestais, devido às melhorias nas suas características físico-químicas. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tamanho de partícula e da proporção de biochar de casca de Caryocar brasiliensis sobre a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla. O biochar foi empregado em quatro granulometrias (>0,5; 0,5-1,0; 1,0-2,0; 2,0-4,0 mm), misturados ao substrato comercial @bioplant (turfa de Sphagnum, fibra de Coco, casca de arroz, casca de pinus e vermiculita) em cinco proporções: 0, 25, 50, 75%, 100% (v/v). Avaliou-se as propriedades físicas, densidade de partícula, densidade aparente e porosidade dos substratos testados. Já o desenvolvimento fisiológico da muda foi analisado através das variáveis: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência, altura, diâmetro de colo, relação altura / diâmetro de colo, comprimento de raiz pivotante, massa seca da raiz e massa seca aérea aos 120 dias, correlacionando com as características físicas e químicas do biochar utilizado. A adição do biochar em menores proporções (< 25%) com o substrato comercial, confere ao substrato melhorias nos atributos físico-químicos, como o aumento da porosidade. Conclui-se que os melhores resultados fisiológicos para a espécie em estudo foram obtidos utilizando granulometrias de biochar entre 1 e 4 mm independente da proporção e biochar aplicada.
Real Time Wireless PPG & Respiration Rate Measurement and Data Acquisition System
Authors: Das Dipon , PRADHAN SWARNA KAMAL
Published: October 2020

RWPRRDAS is a wireless
Photoplethysmography (PPG) and respiration measurement system which allows user
to monitor the measured heart rate, blood pressure wave, respiration cycle and
any other kind abnormality related to heart and its corresponding system. It
uses a battery powered transducer to collect biomedical data and an android
application to visualize the data in a proper manner and in a graphical way.
This is a non-invasive type measurement procedure. This is a truly a mobile
system which is easy to carry and operate. Since this device is not connected
to power lines of AC applications and totally battery operated so there is no
possibility of any electrical hazard in any case.

 Nowadays, many biomedical transducers come with a
custom-made processor with an inbuild display, which offers very low processing
power to visualize the biomedical data properly and with an ease of access to
almost every age. RWPRRDAS collects the data using transducer and uses the
processing power of a modern android mobile phone so that visualization and
determination of heart disease and abnormality in respiration mechanisms become
easy and reliable. And the measurement of data through a wireless media
provides hassle-free & user friendly usable limit to almost every person.
Diabéticos no contexto da pandemia por covid-19: implantação de procedimento operacional padrão em serviço especializado
Authors: Peixoto Thais Moreira , Musse Jamilly de Oliveira , Silva Andreia Santos de Jesus , Pereira Evani Cerqueira Santos , Silva Dyalle Costa e , Santos Raquel de Carvalho , Almeida Tamile Rios Oliveira
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Descrever a experiência de um grupo tutorial do PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade na confecção de procedimento operacional padrão (POP) referente à triagem de risco, de pacientes diabéticos em um centro especializado, durante a pandemia por Covid-19. Método: Trata-se de uma proposta de padronização de procedimento de triagem de pacientes diabéticos para auxiliar a equipe de saúde na condução do fluxo de pacientes no serviço. Constitui um relato de experiência, elaborado por um grupo do PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade que atua no Centro de Atenção ao Diabético e Hipertenso (CADH), do município de Feira de Santana-Ba. Resultados: O protocolo descreve o fluxo de triagem dos pacientes atendidos no CADH, contemplando recomendações para área de isolamento na triagem inicial, uso de máscaras obrigatório, manejo clínico de casos suspeitos e fluxo de encaminhamentos. Conclusão: A implementação de protocolos pode resultar em benefícios para equipe e usuários, possibilitando maior segurança e assistência em períodos pandêmicos por Covid-19.
Uso de tecnologias digitais na educação interprofissional: experiência do PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade
Authors: Alencar Tatiane de Oliveira Silva , Oliveira Silvânia Sales de , Coelho Maíra Moreira Peixoto , Souza Cíntia da Silva , Freitas cqueline Oliveira , Santos Matheus Sousa , Souza Monise Queiroz Brito de , Silva Sheila dos Santos , Miranda Tyson Andrade
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência do uso de tecnologias digitais, por um grupo tutorial do PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade, durante o período de pandemia. Método: Foram priorizadas as plataformas de comunicação, WhatsApp e redes sociais para discussão, construção e divulgação do podcast sobre a interprofissionalidade no contexto da pandemia. Resultados: Todo esse processo ocorreu com base num roteiro que foi construído coletivamente, discutido, adaptado, respondido e revisado, com distribuição de tarefas entre os integrantes do grupo tutorial, e com base nos referenciais orientadores dessa tecnologia digital e dos princípios da educação interprofissional. Conclusão: O uso do podcast como tecnologia digital mostrou-se uma potente ferramenta para a produção e divulgação de conhecimento, possibilitando a continuidade da dinâmica do trabalho interprofissional mesmo num cenário de pandemia.
Assertion, Justificatory Commitment, and Trust
Authors: Rudy Hiller Fernando
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses the commitment account of assertion (CAA), according to which two necessary conditions for asserting that p are the speaker's undertaking a commitment to justify her assertion in the face of challenges and the speaker's licensing the audience to defer justificatory challenges back to her. Relying on what I call the "cancellation test," and focusing on Robert Brandom's version of the CAA, I show that the latter is wrong: it is perfectly possible to assert that p even while explicitly disavowing the justificatory commitment and while refusing to issue a deferring license. Then I sketch an alternative to the CAA, the trust account of assertion, according to which speakers necessarily present themselves as trustworthy concerning p's truth whenever they assert p. I explain why this is different from undertaking a justificatory commitment, and offer some reasons for thinking that this is a more promising account.
Implicancias prácticas del liberalismo igualitario: criterios de equidad tributaria
Authors: Fatauros Cristián A.
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo investiga las implicancias prácticas tributarias de la teoría rawlsiana de la justicia. Para ello se examinan las consideraciones morales que la teoría juzga aplicables al modelo de sociedad denominado "democracia de propietarios". Luego se explicita la manera en que se aplican sus principios en contextos de inequidad social. Finalmente, se consideran dos propuestas de aplicación práctica para basar el sistema tributario sobre los tributos al consumo. Se evalúa si estas propuestas son compatibles con la teoría liberal igualitaria rawlsiana y si colaboran en la promoción de las bases del autorrespeto y la reciprocidad cívica.
L' esecutore privilegiato di Dio: la figura de Moisés en la obra de Nicolás Maquiavelo
Authors: Mattei Eugenia
Published: October 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las menciones y usos que realiza Nicolás Maquiavelo de la figura de Moisés en Il principe y en los Discorsi. Maquiavelo realiza un particular tratamiento que es necesario seguir de cerca: es a partir de su análisis que podemos encontrar insumos para interrogar cómo operan los liderazgos en la obra maquiaveliana y cómo los líderes interactúan con el pueblo a través de un círculo pasional que se genera entre ambos. A estos efectos, procederemos en este artículo del siguiente modo: en primer lugar, restableceremos secuencialmente las menciones a Moisés en la obra de Maquiavelo. Solo una vez proporcionada esta reconstrucción nos dirigiremos al tratamiento de los ejes temáticos que resultan relevantes –la ausencia de la religión en Moisés, la crueldad, la tensión entre virtud y fortuna, y la relación entre líder y pueblo– con el fin de pensar la innovación teórica que estos ejemplos ilustran.
Pytania o muzykę w kościele Mariackim w Krakowie w pierwszej połowie XVI stulecia i o postać Jana z Lublina
Authors: Zwolińska Elżbieta
Published: October 2020

Pozyskanie informacji o dźwiękowej oprawie liturgii w kościele Mariackim w Krakowie w pierwszych dekadach obecności tam dzieła Wita Stwosza, sprawia trudności z powodu braku źródeł stricte muzycznych. Z dokumentów przechowanych w krakowskich archiwach: Archiwum Narodowym w Krakowie, Archiwum Kurii Metropolitalnej w Krakowie, Archiwum Bazyliki Mariackiej a także w Bibliotece Jagiellońskiej można jednak pozyskać pewne informacje o warunkach uprawiania muzyki w tej świątyni. W artykule poruszono sprawy budowy organów, działających tam organistów, wokalnych zadań kolegium mansjonarzy i kantora z pozostającymi w jego pieczy scholarami, działalności patrycjuszowskiego bractwa Najświętszej Marii Panny; zwrócono też uwagę na mariackiego mansjonarza i altarystę Jana z Lublina, wysuwając ostrożnie domniemanie tożsamości tej postaci z posesorem i twórcą jednego z najważniejszych zabytków staropolskich, mianowicie tabulatury organowej Jana z Lublina.

Kościół Mariacki objęty był w dawnych wiekach patronatem władz miejskich Krakowa, które zapewniały m. in. wynagrodzenie organistów, kantorów, czuwały nad fundacją kolegium mansjonarzy, jak też finansowały budowę i konserwację organów. Warunki do włączania muzyki w przebieg liturgii były zatem dobre, zapiski archiwalne świadczą o dbałości o instrumenty i o wykonawców. Analiza tych materiałów umożliwiła uzupełnienie i weryfikację niektórych faktów czy nazwisk, jednak w sprawach zasadniczych nie  pozwoliła na wyjście poza domysły i pytania: ze źródeł nie wynika, czy śpiew – jako niezbędny element liturgii – ograniczał się wówczas w tej świątyni do monodii chorałowej, czy w niektórych okolicznościach sięgano po muzykę figuralną, co z uwagi na rangę kościoła mogłoby wydawać się oczywiste. Można przypuszczać, że muzyczną oprawę liturgii kształtował naprzemienny śpiew i gra na organach, czyli będąca ówcześnie w użyciu technika alternatim, w której zadanie polifonicznego opracowania melodii liturgicznych należało do organistów.
"Sancte Simon magno mundi": nowo zidentyfikowany motet Giovanniego Battisty Coccioli
Authors: Szelest Marcin
Published: October 2020

Przedmiotem artykułu jest dwuchórowy motet na dziewięć głosów o incipicie tekstu Sancte Simon magno mundi, zachowany w postaci intawolacji organowej w rozpoczętej w roku 1619 tabulaturze braniewsko-oliwskiej (Wilno, Biblioteka im. Wróblewskich Litewskiej Akademii Nauk, F 15-284, k. 45v–46r) z atrybucją „Joannis Baptistæ”. Podobnie skrótowe atrybucje w tym źródle oraz w innych, pochodzących z północnych terenów Rzeczpospolitej, odnosiły się wyłącznie do dobrze znanych kompozytorów lokalnych, a w dwóch z tych rękopisów imionami „Joannes Baptista” określano Giovanniego Battistę Cocciolę, twórcę działającego na Warmii i w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim (potwierdzone źródłowo lata działalności 1606–1625). Autor podsumowuje i uzupełnia informacje na temat dorobku twórczego tego kompozytora, podając do wiadomości niezauważoną dotychczas wzmiankę o istnieniu jeszcze jednego jego druku autorskiego, który nie zachował się do naszych czasów (Motetti a cinque, wyd. przed 1621). Tekstu motetu Sancte Simon magno mundi nie udało się odnaleźć. Odnosi się on z pewnością do św. Szymona Apostoła, który wprawdzie nie cieszył się rozwiniętym indywidualnym kultem, ale był patronem Szymona Rudnickiego, biskupa warmińskiego w latach 1605–1621. Rudnicki utrzymywał ścisłe kontakty z kolegium jezuickim w Braniewie, gdzie powstało znane dziś źródło omawianego motetu, a Cocciola został w roku 1606 odnotowany jako muzyk tego biskupa. Ten szczególny splot okoliczności pozwala z dużym prawdopodobieństwem przypisać autorstwo motetu Sancte Simon magno mundi Coccioli, który przypuszczalnie dedykował go swojemu patronowi.

Motet ten należy do niewielkiej ilościowo grupy utworów, w których jako ostinato wykorzystano melodię wezwania z litanii do Wszystkich Świętych. Zdradza on bardzo duże pokrewieństwo z przeznaczonym na taką samą obsadę motetem Beatissimus Marcus Antonia Gualtieriego, wydanym w jego druku autorskim z roku 1604. W obydwu utworach umieszczone w najwyższym głosie ostinato pojawia się siedem razy w niezmiennej postaci i w równych odstępach. Motet Gualtieriego również odnosi się do świętego, którego imię nosił patron kompozytora, biskup Marco II Cornaro, będący adresatem dedykacji zbioru. Wydaje się bardzo prawdopodobne, iż Cocciola świadomie wzorował się na utworze Gualtieriego, jednocześnie stosując w swojej kompozycji bardziej kunsztowne środki: prezentację ostinata na trzech różnych stopniach skali, imitacyjne rozpoczęcie, większe zróżnicowanie rytmiczne, rezygnację z powtórzeń materiału muzycznego i efektowniej zaplanowaną końcową kulminację.
Entropy Generation and Bejan Number Analysis of MHD Casson Fluid Flow in a Micro-Channel with Navier Slip and Convective Boundary Conditions
Authors: Venkateswarlu M. , Bhaskar P.
Published: October 2020

The analysis of MHD flow has been a concern of consideration for research scientists and engineers. In this treatise, the steady MHD flow of an incompressible and electrically conducting Casson fluid in a micro-channel with heat generation and viscous dissipation, in the presence of hydrodynamic slip and convective boundary conditions, is examined. Exact solutions of non-dimensional steady governing equations are obtained in closed form. Transient fluid velocity, temperature, entropy generation, and Bejan number are depicted by the line graphs whereas rate of heat transfer and skin-friction coefficient are computed in tabular form for pertinent flow parameters. It is established that the entropy generation rate and Bejan number increases for increasing values of the Casson parameter and heat generation parameter. In particular, the Casson parameter accelerates the skin-friction coefficient while it provides resistance to the rate of heat transfer near the channel walls. Casson fluid finds significant applications in biomechanics, polymer processing industries, and food processing.
Analyzing the Structural Properties of Fire Clay Bricks After Adding Cigarette Filters
Authors: Galal Abdullatif Karim , Nabil Guirguis Marianne , Moussa Rania Rushdy
Published: October 2020

Cigarette filters are one of the most littered objects in the world that damage the environment. Incorporation in construction bricks offers the prospect of limiting damage and solves the recyclability problem for a typical non-biodegradable waste. This paper aims to explore that prospect, by adding cigarette filters in the production of two samples of fired clay bricks with the cigarette filters comprising 5% and 10% of the volume. The mixing and molding processes were done manually which had an effect on the bricks when tested, The results of testing were corresponding with those of previous studies (outside Egypt), however, only one sample of 5% Cigarette butts volume bricks complied with the Egyptian standards for bricks used in non-load bearing uses. The industrial production of these bricks is highly recommended as it will surpass the required Egyptian standards, save a significant amount of natural resources and eliminate cigarette waste.
Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements
Authors: Damircheli Mehrnoosh , Eslami Babak
Published: October 2020

As the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in soft matter characterization has expanded, the use of different types of cantilevers for these studies have also increased. One of the most common types of cantilevers used in soft matter imaging is V-shaped cantilevers due to their low normal spring constant. These types of cantilevers are also suitable for nanomanipulation due to their high lateral spring constants. The combination of low normal spring constant and high lateral spring constants makes V-shaped cantilevers promising candidates for imaging soft matter. Although these cantilevers are widely used in the field, there are no studies on the static and dynamic behavior of V-shaped cantilevers in multifrequency AFM due to their complex geometry. In this work, the static and dynamic properties of V-shaped cantilevers are studied while investigating their performance in multifrequency AFM (specifically bimodal AFM). By modeling the cantilevers based on Timoshenko beam theory, the geometrical dimensions such as length, base width, leg width and thickness are studied. By finding the static properties (mass, spring constants) and dynamic properties (resonance frequencies and quality factors) for different geometrical dimensions, the optimum V-shaped cantilever that can provide the maximum phase contrast in bimodal AFM between gold (Au) and polystyrene (PS) is found. Based on this study, it is found that as the length of the cantilever increases the 2nd eigenmode phase contrast decreases. However, the base width exhibits the opposite relationship. It is also found that the leg width does not have a monotone relationship similar to length and base width. The phase contrast increases for the range of 14 to 32 µm but decreases afterwards. The thickness of a V-shaped cantilever does not play a major role in defining the dynamics of the cantilever compared to other parameters. This work shows that in order to maximize the phase contrast, the ratio of second to first eigenmode frequencies should be minimized and be close to a whole number. Additionally, since V-shaped cantilevers are mostly used for soft matter imaging, lower frequency ratios dictate lower spring constant ratios, which can be advantageous due to lower forces applied to the surface by the tip given a sufficiently high first eigenmode frequency. Finally, two commercially available V-shaped cantilevers are theoretically and experimentally benchmarked with an optimum rectangular cantilever. Two sets of bimodal AFM experiments are carried out on Au-PS and PS-LDPE (polystyrene and low-density polyethylene) samples to verify the simulation results.
Methodological approaches to efficiency evaluation logistics system of pharmacy network
Authors: VAVILOVA Viktoriia
Published: October 2020

The paper reveals the important characteristics of methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of logistics systems. Peculiarities of functioning of logistics systems of pharmacy networks are characterized. Based on the acquaintance with the scientific works of the founders on this issue, approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the logistics system are systematized. A system of evaluation indicators for each component of the logistics system is proposed.
The logistics system of the business entity, and this fully applies to the logistics system of pharmacy networks, is not in a permanent state. Dynamic changes in the system are due to the influence of macro-environmental factors and changes in the internal nature, which pose the task of developing the system to ensure its adequacy to new conditions. It is the development of the system is the basis for improving the efficiency of its operation and the ability to achieve goals through the solution of a certain range of tasks. In such conditions, the study of the development of the logistics system of the pharmacy network deserves special attention.
Existing approaches to assessing the development of the logistics system do not exclude, but complement each other, creating a methodological basis for the formation of effective management decisions on logistics management of the business entity.
As a result of research of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on a problem of a choice and formation of indicators of an estimation of efficiency of logistic systems, we proposed a system of evaluation indicators for each component of the logistics system. In this case, in our opinion, such a system should include not only indicators that characterize the efficiency of the functional components of the logistics system of the pharmacy network (supply, production, transportation, warehousing, sales), but also indicators of efficiency subsystems, namely organizational and management, infrastructure and resource subsystems. This system approach will allow to take into account the impact of all components of the logistics system of the pharmacy network on the efficiency of its operation.
Finding the Reasons for the Delay Time in a Highway by Analyzing the Travel Time, Delay Time and Traffic Flow Data
Authors: Bashar T M Junaid , Hossain Md. Sabbir , Istiaque Shah
Published: October 2020

The objectives of this study are to show a comparison among travel time, running time, delay in peak and off-peak hours on different days of a week, and reasons behind the delay time. Moving car observer method has been carried out to count the traffic flow, journey time, running time, and delay time. Total vehicle flow, and comparative vehicle flow during the peak hour and off-peak hour for workdays and weekend days were surveyed to show a relationship between delay time and traffic flow. As the traffic flow increases the delay time also will increase. To measure the reasons behind the delay time of Fulbarigate-Daulatpur road, spot speed study was done in two intersections of the road. The 15th percentile speed for Religate intersection road is 10 K.P.H. That means 85% of vehicles tends to go faster than 10 K.P.H. in this section. And hence vehicles with less than or equal 10 K.P.H. are responsible for increasing the delay time in this area. This speed limit should be prohibited in this section to reduce delay time and congestion. For the Mohosin More road intersection, the prohibited speed is also 10 K.P.H. Easy bike and Mahindra account for the congestion of these intersections and tend to stop in these intersections to collect passengers which creates unwanted queue in this study area. Controlling traffic flow at intersections can be a possible way to reduce the congestion rate of Fulbarigate-Daulatpur road.
Economic Situation of Hog Grower Industry in Nueva Ecija: Problems and Prospects
Authors: GALANO JOANNIE A. , DIAZ ROWELL A.
Published: October 2020

This study intended to investigate the problem and prospect of the hog raising industry in selected areas in the province of Nueva Ecija. Research questions were formulated and analyzed. The respondents in this study were made up of pig farmers in various types. In the Philippines, agriculture is considered a significant "driver" for economic growth, poverty alleviation, and food security. The general approach in pursuit of development is by increasing agricultural productivity through intensive agriculture and swine production. The different hog farms in the various municipalities in Nueva Ecija were farms whose operation is a sole proprietorship, registered piggery, and at least 45 heads of hogs. The data collected from the respondents were analyzed using simple percentages from the analysis of data; the following were the findings. The farm profile the respondent mainly were classified as a commercial operation, had workers of 1-2 male workers. The farms were involved in the sow-weaning-fattening process, used the traditional type of rearing system, raised 151-200 heads of fattening, 31-40 sow level, 151-200 heads of suckling, and one boar. Most of the respondents had a capital of more than 500,000 and maintained consultancy services with farms visited twice a month. For the majority of pig or hog farmers, the high costs of inputs, particularly in feeds considered as one of the significant problems.
A jogellenes állapot fenntartásával megvalósuló bűncselekmények
Authors: Mészáros Ádám
Published: October 2020

The author provides an overview of crimes that are committed by the maintenance of an unlawful situation in Hungary.
Gondolatok az eutanázia hazai szabályozásáról és gyakorlatáról
Authors: Bányai Dávid , Verzár Zsófia
Published: October 2020

The authors provide a comparative overview of euthanasia law in Hungary and Europe and making international perspective and analysing regulations of other European.
A természetvédelem magyarországi helyzete és jogi környezete, a Natura 2000 hálózat
Authors: Tilki Katalin
Published: October 2020

The author provides an overview of the most important environment protection strategies, programs, and the legal framework in Hungary.
Nyomozás-e a perújítási nyomozás?
Authors: Fejesné Varga Zita
Published: October 2020

The author provides an overview of the nature of retrial investigation in Hungary.
Megjegyzések az egységes európai titkosszolgálathoz
Authors: Kondorosi Ferenc
Published: October 2020

The author provides an overview of the trends towards a unified European secret services.
Probing the Growth of Massive Black Holes with Black Hole–Host Galaxy Spin Correlations
Authors: Pan Zhen , Yang Huan
Published: October 2020

Supermassive black holes are commonly found at the centers of their host galaxies, but their formation still remains an open question. In light of the tight correlation between the black hole (BH) mass and the velocity dispersions of the bulge component of the host galaxy, a BH–host galaxy coevolution scenario has been established. Such a description, however, still contains many theoretical uncertainties, including puzzles about the formation of BH seeds at high redshifts and the growth channel fueling these seeds. In this work, we systematically analyze the signatures of different growth channels on massive BH (MBH) spins. We show that different growth channels can be partially distinguished with the magnitudes of MBH spins inferred from extreme-mass-ratio inspirals detected by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. In addition, we propose measuring the correlation between the directions of MBH spins and their host galaxy spins, which is possible for extreme-mass-ratio inspirals happening in low-redshift galaxies (

). With the inclusion of spin direction correlation different formation channels shall be significantly better constrained.
A Hard Look at Local, Optically Selected, Obscured Seyfert Galaxies*
Authors: Kammoun E. S. , Miller J. M. , Koss M. , Oh K. , Zoghbi A. , Mushotzky R. F. , Barret D. , Behar E. , Brandt W. N. , Brenneman L. W. , Kaastra J. S. , Lohfink A. M. , Proga D. , Stern D.
Published: October 2020

We study the X-ray spectra of a sample of 19 obscured, optically selected Seyfert galaxies (Sy 1.8, 1.9, and 2) in the local universe (d ≤ 175 Mpc), drawn from the CfA Seyfert sample. Our analysis is driven by the high sensitivity of NuSTAR in the hard X-rays, coupled with soft X-ray spectra using XMM-Newton, Chandra, Suzaku, and Swift/XRT. We also analyze the optical spectra of these sources in order to obtain accurate mass estimates and Eddington fractions. We employ four different models to analyze the X-ray spectra of these sources, which all provide consistent results. We find that 79%–90% of the sources are heavily obscured with line-of-sight column density N
H > 1023 cm−2. We also find a Compton-thick (N
H > 1024 cm−2) fraction of 37%–53%. These results are consistent with previous estimates based on multiwavelength analyses. We find that the fraction of reprocessed to intrinsic emission is positively correlated with N
H and negatively correlated with the intrinsic, unabsorbed X-ray luminosity (in agreement with the Iwasawa–Taniguchi effect). Our results support the hypothesis that radiation pressure regulates the distribution of the circumnuclear material.
Glomerular diseases related to HIV in Colombian population: Better outcomes with highly active antiretroviral therapy?
Authors: Muñoz-Velandia Oscar , García-Peña Ángel , Garzón-Herazo Javier , Contreras-Villamizar Kateir , Rodríguez-Sánchez Martha , Garcia-Consuegra Elias , Toro-Trujillo Esteban
Published: October 2020

Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) related to HIV is becoming a leading cause of renal replacement therapy requirement is some areas of the world. Our study aims to describe the incidence and renal outcomes of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), and immune-mediated kidney disease related to HIV (HIVICK) in Colombia.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was performed, including all HIVAN or HIVICK incident cases assessed by the infectious diseases division in a high complexity institution in Colombia, between 2004 and 2018. A longitudinal data model under the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) method was used to determine changes on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time.

Results: Within a cohort composed by 1509 HIV-infected patients, we identified 22 with HIV-associated glomerular disease. Cumulative incidence was 1.45%. At diagnosis, GFR was above 30 mL/min in 90.8% of patients, and 77.2% displayed sub-nephrotic proteinuria. Factors associated with GFR at diagnosis were: level of CD4 (Coefficient 0.113, CI 95 %: 0.046, 0.179, p < 0.01), and the inverse of the CD4/CD8 ratio. The GEE model did not demonstrate significant changes in the GFR over a 3-year period. Findings were similar when comparing GFR at diagnosis with GFR at 12 (-3.9 mL/min/1.73m2, CI 95% -7.3, 0.4, p = 0.98), 24 (-2.47 mL/min/1.73m2, CI 95% -7.0, 2.1, p=0.85), and 36 months (0.39 mL/min/1.73m2, CI 95% -4.4, 5.2, p = 0.43) of follow-up.

Conclusions: Patients with glomerular disease associated with HIV have stable GFR over a 3-year period, and low rates of progression towards dialysis requirement. Differences with previous reports could be related with early diagnosis and treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Biological activities of essential oil extracted from leaves of Atalantia sessiflora Guillauminin Vietnam
Authors: Le Nhan Trong , Donadu Matthew Gavino , Ho Duc Viet , Doan Tuan Quoc , Le Anh Tuan , Raal Ain , Usai Donatella , Sanna Giuseppina , Marchetti Mauro , Usai Marianna , Diaz Nicia , Rapelli Paola , Zanetti Stefania , Cappuccinelli Piero , Nguyen Hoai Thi
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the chemical compositions and bioactivities of the essential oil of Atalantia sessiflora Guillaumin (A. sessiflora), including antibacterial, antimycotic, antitrichomonas, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects.

Methodology: The essential oil from leaves of A. sessiflora was extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Chemical compositions of oil were identified by GC/MS. Antimicrobial and antitrichomonas activity were determined by the microdilution method; anti-inflammatory and antiviral were determined by the MTT method.

Results: The average yield of oil was 0.46 ± 0.01% (v/w, dry leaves). A number of 45 constituents were identified by GC/MS. The essential oil comprised four main components. The oil showed antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive strains as Staphylococcus; Gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli; and finally four Candida species. Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were least susceptible to the oil of A. sessiflora, as seen in their MIC and MLC values over 16% (v/v). Activity against Trichomonas vaginalis was also undertaken, showing IC50, IC90 and MLC values of 0.016, 0.03 and 0.06% (v/v) respectively, after 48 hours of incubation. The oil of A. sessiflora displayed activity against the nitric oxide generation with the IC50 of 95.94 ± 6.18 µg/mL. The oil was completely ineffective against tested viruses, ssRNA+, ssRNA-, dsRNA, and dsDNA viruses.

Conclusions: This is the first yet comprehensive scientific report about the chemical compositions and pharmacological properties of the essential oil of A. sessiflora. Further studies should be done to evaluate the safety and toxicity of A. sessiflora oil.
Air pollution and other risk factors might buffer COVID-19 severity in Mozambique
Authors: Sumbana Jose , Sacarlal Jahit , Rubino Salvatore
Published: October 2020

Mozambique is located on the East Coast of Africa and was one of the last countries affected by COVID-19. The first case was reported on 22 March 2020 and since then the cases have increased gradually as they have in other countries worldwide. Environmental and population characteristics have been analyzed worldwide to understand their possible association with COVID-19. This article seeks to highlight the evolution and the possible contribution of risk factors for COVID-19 severity according to the available data in Mozambique. The available data highlight that COVID-19 severity can be magnified mainly by hypertension, obesity, cancer, asthma, HIV/SIDA and malnutrition conditions, and buffered by age (youthful population). Due to COVID-19 epidemic evolution, particularly in Cabo Delgado, there is the need to increase laboratory diagnosis capacity and monitor compliance of preventive measures. Particular attention should be given to Cabo Delgado, including its isolation from other provinces, to overcome local transmission and the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Can the novel coronavirus be transmitted via RNAs without protein capsids?
Authors: Xu Zhongneng
Published: October 2020

The existing knowledge is insufficient to explain some infection events of SARS-CoV-2, and new ideas about the transmission modes may be needed. The present study proposes that the RNAs of this virus might be infectious and that the transmission of these RNAs might be one route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. I speculate that SARS-CoV-2 RNAs are infectious based on the following rationale and offer a putative mechanism: RNA is the most important biomolecule of the novel coronavirus for expression and replication, free RNA strands of SARS-CoV-2 have the potential to remain suspended in the air and retain their biological activity, and some exogenous RNAs can enter the host cell after contact. Further studies are needed in order to verify this hypothesis. It is worthwhile to compare the effects of SARS-CoV-2 components (e.g., virus particles, positive RNA strands, negative RNA strands, and virus proteins) with symptoms to study the mechanism of asymptomatic infection. If additional detection results show that the proportion of RNA in the environment is higher than the proportion of RNA in the novel coronavirus particles, this would suggest the potential presence of free RNA genomes of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment. Research on the temporal and spatial distribution of infectious SARS-CoV-2 RNA strands is necessary. The nucleic acid test of SARS-CoV-2 should target not only positive RNA strands but also negative RNA strands. For medical purposes, studying environmental RNAs (eRNAs) is important. I believe that further investigation of the infection capabilities of viral RNAs will yield useful information.
Legislative requirements related to substrate depth as a barrier to the construction of green roofs in Bulgaria
Authors: Bozhilova Mariam , Zhiyanski Miglena , Glogov Plamen
Published: October 2020

There are 265 municipalities in Bulgaria. According to the national legislation, each Municipal Coun-cil adopts an Ordinance for the construction and protection of the green system. Most of the mu-nicipalities have such ordinances, however, only 75 of them stipulate regulative requirements, under which a green roof can be considered a green area. These requirements refer to the substrate depth and are unreasonably high. While positive impacts are reported in green roofs with a substrate layer thickness of 4 – 5 cm, green roofs with substrate depth under 10 cm are not considered a green area in any of the reviewed ordinances. One municipality considers green roofs with substrate 10-30 cm as a green area, under specific conditions. This paper provides a review of the stipulations of the Bulgarian local legislation against the existing data for the effects of green roofs with different substrate depths and outlines the need for amendment of the legislation and future research. 
Les scores polygéniques pangénomiques comme nouvelle forme de mesure de l’humain
Authors: Dheur Sonia , Saupe Sven J.
Published: October 2020

Chez l’homme, les études d’association pangénomiques basées sur les programmes génomiques institutionnels et commerciaux permettent aujourd’hui d’identifier des polymorphismes génétiques (SNPs) associés à des traits complexes de nature psychosociale et déterminés par des centaines de gènes différents (le niveau d’instruction, l’intelligence, des traits psychotiques, névrotiques et émotionnels…). L’enjeu immédiat n’est plus l’identification du lien causal et mécanistique qui explique la contribution d’un SNP à un trait mais la construction d’outils métrologiques nouveaux désignés scores polygéniques pangénomiques . Ces scores proposent d’exprimer en une valeur numérique unique la capacité d’un génome donné à produire un trait complexe. Ces scores deviennent des outils analytiques et prédictifs censés traduire la potentialité génétique d’une personne par rapport à ces traits psychosociaux et conduisent ainsi à une biologisation statistique de « l’exception humaine ».
« Sous vos pas, un parfait agencement » : la transformation du paysage énergétique urbain de Montréal, 1890-1950
Authors: Hatton-Proulx Clarence
Published: October 2020

À rebours des études qui considèrent l’invisibilité comme une composante invariable de l’infrastructure, cet article propose une étude historique des manières dont la présence physique de l’énergie a évolué dans la métropole du Canada d’alors, Montréal, sur plus de soixante ans. Pour fixer le cas à l’étude, il s’appuie d’abord sur les plans d’assurance afin de documenter l’évolution de l’emprise spatiale de l’énergie en contextes résidentiel et industriel, constatant la disparition graduelle du bois et du charbon au profit du pétrole, du gaz et de l’hydroélectricité, soit des formes d’énergie distribuées en réseau. Il offre ensuite une analyse fine de la vive controverse autour des réseaux aériens de fils et de poteaux qui menaçaient autant les corps que l’ordre économique au tournant du XX e  siècle. Le rôle des différents acteurs, en particulier celui joué par l’industrie de l’assurance incendie, dans la trajectoire sinueuse menant vers l’enfouissement encadré par la municipalité est analysé. Ces résultats empiriques permettent de complexifier le concept d’invisibilité tel qu’appliqué à l’infrastructure, soutenant que celui-ci est historiquement, géographiquement et socialement situé. Il faut plutôt comprendre l’invisibilité comme un principe vers lequel tendent les planificateurs des systèmes que comme une caractéristique invariable de l’infrastructure. La possibilité d’accomplissement de ce principe dépend d’un contexte social et économique propice, comme celui qui s’est manifesté à Montréal à la fin des années 1900 et qui est présenté dans cet article.
Les trajectoires mobilitaires : une notion clef pour penser et accompagner les changements de modes de déplacements ?
Authors: Cailly Laurent , Huyghe Marie , Oppenchaim Nicolas
Published: October 2020

Dans un contexte de réflexion sociétale sur les conditions d’une transition vers des mobilités plus durables, cet article présente la notion de trajectoire mobilitaire. Cette notion fait référence aux différentes pratiques de mobilité quotidienne réalisées par un individu au cours de son existence et à la manière dont s’enchaînent et évoluent ces pratiques, envisagées sous l’angle d’un continuum et non comme une série de ruptures sans liens les unes avec les autres. Elle considère que les différentes caractéristiques de la mobilité quotidienne d’un individu forment un système susceptible de se recomposer au cours de l’existence en fonction d’un grand nombre de paramètres et postule que l’évolution de ce système de mobilité obéit à un ordre intelligible dont on peut restituer les logiques et les dynamiques d’évolution. Afin d’explorer les contours et les potentialités de cette notion, nous proposons un travail de représentation graphique schématisant l’évolution des choix modaux des individus tout au long de leur vie et les différents facteurs à l’origine de leurs changements de pratiques. À l’aide de cette représentation, nous montrons que la notion de trajectoire mobilitaire permet d’enrichir la compréhension des changements de pratiques de mobilité sur le temps court du test d’un nouveau mode de déplacement, mais aussi à l’échelle de la trajectoire biographique des individus.
Le corridor des Cascades (nord-ouest des États-Unis) : un ancrage métropolitain limité pour un service ferroviaire interurbain dynamique
Authors: Schorung Matthieu
Published: October 2020

Le corridor du Nord-Ouest s’inscrit dans la région des Cascades, s’étendant de Portland (Oregon) à Vancouver (Colombie-Britannique au Canada) en passant par Seattle (Washington). Le service Amtrak Cascades est un service ferroviaire à vitesse élevée dans lequel les États fédérés gestionnaires (Washington, Oregon) sont fortement impliqués, en coordination avec Amtrak et avec l’entreprise de fret BNSF, propriétaire de l’infrastructure. Il s’agit de comprendre pourquoi ce programme de modernisation du corridor est considéré comme un modèle du genre, à la fois par les responsables d’Amtrak Cascades et par le gouvernement fédéral. Cet article propose donc de s’intéresser à la géographie ferroviaire étatsunienne par le biais de cette étude de cas du corridor des Cascades et d’interroger le processus de territorialisation des politiques ferroviaires. Le corridor des Cascades est une étude de cas pertinente pour s’intéresser à un corridor partagé (entre fret et passagers) à vitesse élevée, soutenu par des acteurs publics très engagés malgré un isolement institutionnel et budgétaire du transport ferroviaire interurbain. Il ressort de cette analyse une expérience réussie, saluée par l’ensemble des acteurs publics et privés, de modernisation d’un corridor ferroviaire existant, mais un processus de territorialisation partiel qui ne prend pas assez en compte les gares et les quartiers de gare et qui ignore la dimension aménagiste d’un tel projet de transport à l’échelle des deux principales aires métropolitaines étudiées (Seattle et Portland).
Érosion de la biodiversité et fonctionnement des sociétés : du constat aux recommandations. Les enseignements tirés de l’évaluation mondiale réalisée par l’IPBES en 2019
Authors: Silvain Jean-François
Published: October 2020

L’évaluation mondiale de la biodiversité et des services écosystémiques réalisée par l’IPBES a constitué en 2019 un moment clé dans la prise de conscience par les décideurs des enjeux associés à l’érosion accélérée de la biodiversité et à la perte des services que les sociétés humaines en retirent. Les médias internationaux ont relayé très largement les conclusions du résumé pour décideurs du rapport issu de cette évaluation, contribuant ainsi à alerter une large frange de la population. Après avoir précisé ce qu’est un rapport de l’IPBES et comment il est élaboré, nous présentons dans cet article l’organisation du rapport mondial et mettons en exergue ses grands enseignements, ainsi que les options en matière de leviers d’action à privilégier pour inverser les tendances actuelles. Nous y exprimons également des critiques et soulignons quelques lacunes d’un rapport qui aura marqué l’histoire récente des politiques environnementales mondiales et dont les conclusions prennent une importance encore plus grande après la crise de la Covid-19.
De nouvelles relations à la nature pour des changements transformatifs de nos modèles de société ?
Authors: Prévot Anne-Caroline
Published: October 2020

Un an après la sortie du dernier rapport de l’IPBES et quelques mois après le confinement imposé par la crise du Covid-19, ce texte propose quelques pistes pour comprendre pourquoi la nature a disparu des aspirations communes des sociétés modernes (notamment en France), alors même que les relations avec elle sont fondamentales pour nos vies humaines (individuellement et collectivement). Quelques propositions sont ensuite esquissées pour remettre la nature au centre de nouveaux modèles de société qui valorisent la diversité des points de vue, des pratiques et des responsabilités, pour imaginer ensemble des futurs soutenables.
Mobiliser et transformer l’industrie de la mode pour préserver la biodiversité
Authors: Daveu Marie-Claire , Vallejo Géraldine , Ole-Moiyoi Katrina
Published: October 2020

Partout dans le monde, la nature décline à un rythme sans précédent dans l’histoire de l’humanité. Nous sommes sortis d’un « espace opérationnel sûr » au regard des limites planétaires établies par la science et, à moins que l’humanité ne prenne des mesures « transformatives », pas moins d’un million d’espèces sont menacées d’extinction dans les décennies à venir. L’industrie de la mode, avec des chaînes d’approvisionnement mondiales très complexes, doit jouer un rôle de premier plan dans la réponse à donner. Non seulement l’industrie dépend presque entièrement des biens et services fournis par la nature, mais elle est également responsable d’impacts relativement importants sur les écosystèmes naturels. Répondre à cette crise nécessite de comprendre la matérialité des impacts, de fixer des objectifs ambitieux, d’améliorer les pratiques d’approvisionnement et de révolutionner production des matières premières et modèles économiques dominants. La crise de la biodiversité est l’un des plus grands défis auxquels notre génération est confrontée. Elle nécessite un degré de collaboration sans précédent de l’industrie pour « inverser la courbe » de la perte de biodiversité, et ce de toute urgence.