bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hip width and metabolic energy expenditure of abductor muscles
Authors: Kramer Patricia Ann , Sylvester Adam D.
Published: April 2023

Despite a paucity of physiological evidence, simplistic biomechanical analyses have led researchers to assume that humans who have wider hips use more energy to walk. Pitting biomechanical first principles against physiological data has led to little deepening of our understanding of bipedalism and its evolution. Both approaches, however, use proxies for the energy used by muscles. We decided to approach the question directly. Using a musculoskeletal model of the human body that estimates the metabolic energy expenditure of muscle activation for 48 people (23 women), 752 trials were evaluated. Metabolic energy consumption for the abductor muscles was summed over a stride to create total abductor energy expenditure. We calculated the maximum hip joint moment acting in the coronal plane and the functional distance between the hip joint centers. We hypothesize that wider hips would be correlated with both maximum coronal plane hip moment and increased total abductor energy expenditure when mass and velocity were controlled. Linear regressions with multiple independent variables, clustered by participant to control for the non-independence of the data points, were performed in Stata. We found that hip width does not predict total abductor energy expenditure, although mass and velocity combine to predict 61% of the variation (both p<0.001). Maximum hip joint coronal plane moment is predicted by pelvic width (p<0.001) and, in combination with mass and velocity (both p<0.001), explains 79% of the variation. Our results indicate that people use their morphology in ways that limit differences in energy expenditure. Consistent with recent discussion, intraspecific variation might not be useful to understand differences among species.
Placental inflammation and overweight or obesity in term singleton stillbirths in Stockholm County 2002–2018; a case control study
Authors: Åmark Hanna , Säker Lottie , Papadogianakis Nikos
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Stillbirth is a severe pregnancy complication. Maternal obesity is one of the most important modifiable risk factors of stillbirth, yet the biological mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ which, in persons with obesity, causes a hyperinflammatory state. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammation as a contributing mechanism to the risk of stillbirth in women with obesity and if there are possible signs of different BMI phenotypes with different risk.

Material and methods

This was a case control study based on all cases of term singleton stillbirth without major fetal malformation in Stockholm County between 2002–2018. Placentas have been examined according to a standardized protocol. Placental inflammatory lesions were compared both between placentas from pregnancies with live born and stillborn infants with different class of body mass index (BMI) as well as among women with stillborn and live born infants with different classes of BMI, respectively.

Results

All inflammatory placental lesions were more common in placentas from women with stillbirth compared to placentas from women with live born infants. Vasculitis, funisitis and chronic villitis as well as overall fetal and maternal inflammatory response were present with a significantly increased proportion with increasing BMI in placentas from women with term stillbirth however, there were no differences between placentas from women in different BMI classes with term live born infants.

Conclusion

Both acute and chronic inflammatory placental lesions were more common in cases of stillbirth compared to pregnancies with live born infants. There were increased proportions of both acute and chronic placental inflammation (vasculitis, chronic villitis, funisitis and overall fetal and maternal inflammatory response) with increasing BMI among cases with term stillbirth, however no differences among controls with term live born infants.
Maltese as a merger of two worlds: A cross-language approach to phonotactic classification
Authors: Nieder Jessica , Tomaschek Fabian
Published: April 2023

Maltese is a prime example of a language that emerged through extensive language contact, joining the two linguistic worlds of Semitic and Italo-Romance languages. Previous studies have shown this shared origin on the basis of hands-on comparative methods. However, such approaches may be biased by the researchers perspective and the selected material. To avoid this bias, we employed a naive computational method that classifies words on the basis of their phonotactics. Specifically, we trained a simple two-layer neural network on Tunisian and Italian nouns, i.e. the languages that Maltese emerged from. We used the trained network to classify Maltese nouns based on their phonotactic characteristics as either of Tunisian or of Italian origin. Overall, the network is capable of correctly classifying Maltese nouns as belonging to either of the original languages. Moreover, we find that the classification depends on whether a noun has a sound or broken plural. By manipulating the segment identity in the training input, we found that consonants are more important for the classification of Maltese nouns than vowels. While our results replicate previous comparative studies, they also demonstrate that a more fine grained classification of a language’s origin can be based on individual words and morphological classes.
O totalitarismo e a reificação das consciências
Authors: Ávila Gonçalves Guillermo
Published: April 2023

1984, de George Orwell, é uma ficção futurista que aponta para uma distopia na Oceânia, um país comandado pelo Partido e seu regime totalitário. A ideologização ostensiva ocasiona a reificação das consciências. Winston Smith, funcionário do governo, questiona o totalitarismo e se torna alvo da Polícia das Ideias. Winston capitula, via tortura, diante do poder oficial. Os conceitos da obra de Orwell são discutidos à luz da teoria crítica da sociedade, representada neste ensaio por Adorno, Horkheimer e Marcuse. Estes autores dialogam com a obra de Orwell e ajudam a desenvolver uma interpretação segundo uma perspectiva crítica e emancipatória.
Tradução de Grandes epidemias, de Émile Littré
Authors: Barros Gewehr Rodrigo
Published: April 2023

“Grandes epidemias”, de Émile Littré, é um ensaio que se debruça sobre a história das epidemias e tenta lançar as bases para uma história patológica da humanidade, a partir dessas grandes calamidades. O texto também avança no que Littré chama de “afecções menos grosseiras”, que ele identifica com “doenças nervosas”, considerando‑ as em seu caráter epidêmico. Essa transição entre duas categorias de infortúnios de ampla repercussão abre uma série de questões concernentes à definição mesma de epidemia, e nos dá a oportunidade de pensar a peste como metáfora. Apresentamos aqui uma versão portuguesa deste texto, publicado originalmente em 1836, mas que se mantém muito atual em várias das suas afirmações.
Modelação numérica do comportamento de solos tratados com cimento em pavimentos rodoviários
Authors: Neves José , Castro Luís , Monteiro Arsénio
Published: April 2023

A utilização de misturas tratadas com ligantes hidráulicos, mais correntemente com a utilização de cimento, é uma prática na construção de pavimentos semirrígidos e promotora de uma utilização mais sustentável dos recursos locais, sobretudo quando a disponibilidade de materiais é limitada. O principal e inovador objetivo do artigo é analisar de forma mais direta a influência de fendilhamento na resposta estrutural de pavimentos semirrígidos constituídos por camada de solo tratado com cimento e, consequentemente, no seu dimensionamento. Com base na modelação numérica pelo método dos elementos finitos, através do programa ADINA, foram estudadas duas estruturas de pavimento com capacidade de carga equivalente, mas caracterizadas pela diferença de espessura da camada superior betuminosa, refletindo metodologias distintas de conceção de pavimentos semirrígidos. Os resultados da modelação permitiram concluir que a espessura da camada betuminosa e a existência de fendas podem influenciar os estados de tensão e deformação na estrutura do pavimento e, consequentemente, conduzirem a uma redução da vida útil do pavimento.
Short and long term performance of a slab track in a transition zone: an embankment to tunnel analysis
Authors: Ramos Ana , Gomes Correia António , Calçada Rui
Published: April 2023

Railway track transition zones are characterised by an abrupt change in track support stiffness, which increases dynamic wheel loads and leads to the acceleration of differential settlement and track degradation. This work aims to study concrete slab track transition zones, with a focus on embankment-to-tunnel sections. The analysis uses a hybrid methodology, combining 3D finite element modelling with empirical settlement equations, in an iterative manner. At each iteration, the track-ground stress fields are calculated using a 3D model, before passing them to a calibrated empirical equation capable of computing settlement across the transition. Then, before starting the next iteration, these settlements are used to modify the 3D model geometry, thus account for the effects of the previous settlement. Regarding the short-term dynamic behaviour, the results demonstrate a concentration of stresses in the concrete slab and HBL. Regarding the long -term behaviour, the results show a maximum cumulative permanent deformation close to 0.52 mm. Moreover, the effectiveness of a resilient mat placed in the transition was tested. The results show a decrease in the stress levels in the transition and the attenuation of the variation of displacements in the concrete slab.
Tacrolimus for the Management of Delayed Onset and Treatment-Refractory Immune-Related Hepatitis
Authors: Ea Vinny , Ngu Natalie L.Y. , Kua Hock W. , Mishra Gauri
Published: April 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, are effective in the management of metastatic malignancies, such as melanoma, and are associated with a spectrum of immune-related organ toxicities, including immune-related hepatitis (ir-hepatitis). The clinical presentation of ir-hepatitis varies in onset and severity, and management involves immunosuppression with corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil as first and second-line agents. Several agents have been proposed as third-line options for treatment-refractory disease. We report the successful use of tacrolimus for delayed onset and treatment-refractory ir-hepatitis secondary to pembrolizumab.
Pancreatic Malakoplakia: A Rare Pathology Associated With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Afzal Rao Mujtaba , Rangaswamy Balasubramanya , Landau Michael , John Ivy , Singh Harkirat , Phillips Anna Evans
Published: April 2023

Malakoplakia is a rare granulomatous tumor-like inflammatory condition, most frequently involving the genitourinary system and occurring in immunosuppressed patients. The gastrointestinal tract is the second most common site, where it is usually seen involving the colon. We report a case of malakoplakia presenting as a pancreatic mass. Imaging showed soft tissue along the pancreatic tail/greater curvature concerning for infiltrating tumor, but endoscopic ultrasound with biopsy showed malakoplakia. Our case discusses malakoplakia at an uncommon site, which was appropriately treated with antibiotics.
Interoperable Medien zwischen Sender and Receiver in der digitalen Medizin
Authors: Niebling Laura , Borck Cornelius
Published: April 2023

In dem Artikel blicken die Autor*innen Laura Niebling und Cornelius Borck mit Friedrich Kittlers Diktum, dass Medien unsere Lage bestimmen, auf die digitale Medizin als Zeitdiagnose und als analytische Einsicht. Sie gehen von der Annahme aus, dass Medien so grundlegend wie alternativlos als Apriori der therapeutischen Interaktion fungieren. Die Medien der Medizin fallen damit erst im Moment der Unterbrechung ihrer Übertragungsfunktion als Störung auf - oder sie treten im Zuge technischer Neuerungen hervor, wie sich gegenwärtig bei der digitalen Medizin beobachten lässt. Die Interoperabilität zwischen medizinischen Systemen, technischen Infrastrukturen und institutionellen Organisationen erweist sich daher aktuell als die größte Herausforderung digitaler Medizin.
Aestheticscapes
Authors: Koch Anne
Published: April 2023

Unter Aestheticscape wir eine Untersuchung von sinnlich-ästhetischen Arrangements in ihren institutionellen Komplexen verstanden.
Religiöse Architekturen in multireligiösen säkularen Gesellschaften
Authors: Körs Anna
Published: April 2023

Anna Körs befasst sich in diesem Beitrag mit der Frage: Wie wirken religiöse Architekturen in pluralen Gesellschaften? Dazu werden drei unterschiedliche Raumtypen analysiert: Citykirchen, eine Kirchen-Moschee-Umnutzung und ein Haus der Religionen. Argumentiert wird erstens, dass religiöse Räume Kulminationspunkte von Aushandlungsprozessen sowohl zwischen Religionsgemeinschaften als auch zwischen Religionen und Gesellschaft und damit zentraler Bestandteil der Governance religiöser Diversität sind. Sie bilden zweitens ein komplexes Arrangement aus menschlichen Akteuren, materiellen Elementen und sozialen Praktiken und wirken dabei drittens durch ihre Materialität und damit verbundene Sichtbarkeit besonders gesellschaftsproduktiv, indem sie die plurale Gesellschaft affektiv erfahrbar machen und wiederum Räume ihrer sozialen Aushandlung schaffen.
Rassismus, extrem rechte Gewalt und restriktive Verdrängungspolitik in der Dekade vor dem Solinger Brandanschlag
Authors: Schmitz Adelheid
Published: April 2023

Adelheid Schmitz konzentriert sich auf die Dekade vor dem Solinger Brandanschlag und skizziert einige konkrete rassistisch motivierte Anschläge in den 1980er Jahren. Sie kontextualisiert diese mit den migrationspolitischen Debatten der damaligen Zeit und zeigt, wie diese mit dazu beigetragen haben, den Nährboden für die Eskalation extrem rechter und rassistischer Gewalt im Zuge der Wiedervereinigung zu schaffen.
»Wir hatten dann wirklich die Nase voll«
Authors: Virchow Fabian
Published: April 2023

Die rassistischen Morde von Solingen haben eine breite Welle des Protestes ausgelöst, an denen sich in großem Umfang auch türkeistämmige Menschen beteiligt haben. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Proteste, die sowohl konventionelle Formen annahmen, aber zum Teil auch konfrontativ waren. Teilnehmer der damaligen Proteste verdeutlichen, dass sich in den Aktionen vielfach Erfahrungen von Diskriminierung, verweigerter Anerkennung, Nicht-Wahrnehmung und offen rassistisch motivierter rechter Gewalt bündelten.
Schmerz in der chinesischen Medizin
Authors: Messner Angelika C.
Published: April 2023

Schmerz erscheint im chinesischen historischen Kontext in literarischen Texten vorzugsweise im Zusammenhang mit Trennung und Abschied, Sehnsucht nach dem/der Geliebten sowie mit Trauer über den Verlust von Liebsten und Familienangehörigen. Erst nach und nach wird Schmerz in medizinischen Lehrbüchern und Fallsammlungen auch als Symptom von Krankheiten beschrieben, und zwar in Verbindung mit Gefühlszuständen. Ärzte verstanden Schmerzen durchgängig als Zusammenballung bzw. Stau von Qi und Blut, und sie hielten dementsprechend Ausschau nach schmerzlindernden Methoden.
La Educación Especial en Chile: desde un sistema propio a uno integrado
Authors: Escudero Jaime Caiceo
Published: April 2023

La Educación Especial en Chile tiene una larga historia desde 1852. Este trabajo busca comparar y analizar la situación del desarrollo de la educación especial desde su fundación hasta el año 2015, período en el cual la acción, tanto del estado como de los particulares involucrados en educación, estuvo centrada en crear ‘escuelas especiales’ para las diferentes necesidades educativas especiales -NEE-, ya fueran permanentes o transitorias, frente a la nueva situación que el estado chileno establece a partir de la dictación de la Ley N° 20.845 (2015), la cual señala que todos los establecimientos educacionales financiados por el estado -el 92% lo es, tanto públicos como privados- deben recibir en sus aulas, tanto a alumnos sin necesidades educativas especiales como a los que las tengan; ello ha significado el cierre de muchas ‘escuelas especiales’ que atendían solo a alumnos con NEE. La metodología es analítica, comparativa e histórica; se recurrirá a fuentes legales, primarias y secundarias, teniendo como instrumento principal el análisis documental, a fin de analizar y comparar la situación del pasado con la actual.
O programa de monitoria no ensino superior, suas transformações históricas e a possibilidade de aprendizagem da docência
Authors: Oliveira Kamilla Botelho de , Ferenc Alvanize Valente Fernandes
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as transformações históricas do programa de monitoria no contexto do ensino superior. Lançando mão de leis, resoluções e regulamentos, buscamos compreender a trajetória desse programa, as mudanças pelas quais passou, e se a função de monitor era/é considerada como uma possibilidade de aprendizagem da docência. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, iniciamos pela organização temporal dos documentos encontrados na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), explorando a evolução da atividade de monitoria e o seu tratamento na Universidade, desde 1968, mesclando o que a lei ditava e como a UFV a aplicava por meio de suas resoluções internas. Ao longo de seu percurso histórico, observamos a utilização de diferentes terminologias, as transformações de seus objetivos e a sua consideração como uma atividade em que é possível construir saberes necessários à profissão docente.
Pachoal Lemme e Jorge Amado em defesa da educação e da literatura soviética na imprensa brasileira (1945-1962)
Authors: Almeida Paula Josiane , Corrêa Rosa Lydia Teixeira
Published: April 2023

A proposta deste artigo é apresentar a difusão, por Jorge Amado e Paschoal Lemme, do pensamento educacional e literário soviético no Brasil entre 1945 e 1962. Esses autores, que tinham obras reconhecidas e tratavam de temas sociais no Brasil, utilizaram a imprensa como ferramenta para propagar o pensamento soviético e os principais teóricos russos que formulavam novas propostas pedagógicas e estéticas literárias naquele momento. Em artigos e entrevistas da época, Jorge Amado e Paschoal Lemme exaltaram os sucessos obtidos e os novos horizontes abertos para a educação e a literatura, os quais estavam alinhados ao debate de superação do capitalismo e aos novos modelos de organização dos campos literário e educacional. Nessa perspectiva, busca-se no presente trabalho resgatar publicações jornalísticas em que esses autores defenderam e propagaram as conquistas soviéticas, utilizando-as como referência para refletir sobre a educação e a cultura do Brasil de então.
Práticas educativas em Matemática no Colégio de Aplicação da UMG/UFMG (1954-1968) e suas relações com os livros didáticos
Authors: Costa Renata Alves , Gomes Maria Laura Magalhães , Dassie Bruno Alves
Published: April 2023

Este artigo focaliza livros didáticos de Matemática no Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade de Minas Gerais/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais no período 1954-1968. O estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma análise com base no cruzamento de documentação escrita e narrativas de antigos estudantes e professores colhidas em entrevistas com a metodologia da História Oral. A investigação evidenciou o protagonismo dos livros didáticos num contexto de ensino centrado no professor, grande carga de exercícios e presença de instrumentos avaliativos rigorosos. Procurou-se articular, no estudo dos livros, que tiveram papel fundamental nas práticas educativas em Matemática do Colégio de Aplicação, as formas de organização do campo da educação no período investigado, a estrutura das obras envolvidas e sua recepção por alunos e professores.
Trajetórias, intelectuais e a Antropologia no Brasil: Oswaldo Rodrigues Cabral e Sílvio Coelho dos Santos
Authors: Hoeller Solange Aparecida de Oliveira , Melo Marilândes Mól Ribeiro de , Daros Maria das Dores
Published: April 2023

Este texto objetiva compreender a institucionalização da antropologia no Brasil, por meio das trajetórias de dois intelectuais catarinenses: Oswaldo Rodrigues Cabral e Silvio Coelho dos Santos. A narrativa se desenvolve a partir das seguintes questões: Como se constituíram as trajetórias, quais aproximações e distanciamentos entre eles? Em que medida as suas ações no campo educacional, podem ser avaliadas como fatores de projeção para a institucionalização da antropologia, enquanto área específica? Em que proporção estes intelectuais podem ser tomados como produtores de capital simbólico, por meio do que propuseram e instituíram e que tensões derivaram disto? O percurso teórico-metodológico mobilizou os conceitos de trajetória, campo e capital na perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu, compreendendo que as trajetórias são resultantes de um sistema de traços que pertencem a uma biografia individual ou de um grupo de biografias, objetivadas pelas relações que se estabelecem entre os agentes e as forças próprias dos campos.
O ensino de História da Educação em Portugal e no Brasil: formação de professores, programas de ensino, manuais disciplinares e memórias (séculos XIX a XXI)
Authors: Gatti Júnior Décio , Alves Luís Alberto Marques
Published: April 2023

Trata-se da partilha de resultados de pesquisa comparada sobre o ensino de História da Educação em Portugal e no Brasil, no período compreendido entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XXI. Para tanto, partiu-se das ideias de Nóvoa (1994, 1996); Nunes (1996); Warde & Carvalho (2000); Vidal & Faria Filho (2003); Monarcha (2005); Mogarro (2006); Alves et al (2007, 2015); Gatti Jr. (2009, 2014, 2021); Pintassilgo (2012). Foram examinados, em ambos os países, a bibliografia de referência sobre formação de professores e sobre o ensino de História da Educação, o percurso do ensino de História da Educação, os programas de ensino utilizados na formação de professores, os manuais disciplinares de História da Educação em circulação e as memórias docentes e discentes em torno do ensino de História da Educação. Ao final, apresentam-se algumas reflexões sobre o que se aproxima e o que se distancia no que se refere à formação de professores e ao ensino de História da Educação em Portugal e no Brasil no período referido.
Assessment of Ecosystem Services Provided by a Green Urban Infrastructure in Brazilian Atlantic Forest Biome Areas – Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul
Authors: Farinha Maycon Jorge , Berezuk André Geraldo , Bernardo Luciana , Filho Adelsom Soares
Published: April 2023

Urban infrastructure is a challenge for municipal managers in Brazil, given the rapid urbanization that has occurred in the country and the population growth in these locations. The inclusion of green characteristics in the urban space has contributed to the human needs of residents in this space, areas that allow the filtering of pollutants in the air and water, greater absorption of rainwater, noise reduction, scenic beauty, among other characteristics that are related to ecosystem services. In this context, the objective of the study is to identify the opportunity cost for the existence of urban green areas. This was done using the methodological resources available in environmental economics, which employs the opportunity cost based on the assessment of the net benefit of conservation. Primary and secondary data were used, the sources being literature and satellite images. Considering the analysis period from 2018 to 2020. The results indicate that the opportunity cost is greater than the amounts that can be collected through the commercialization of ecosystem services, implying that the landowners of the Urban Ecological Corridor projected in the municipality of Dourados - Mato Grosso do Sul, should be financially supported to maintain these services in green areas, given their importance to people's quality of life.
La transición a la vida adulta de los/as jóvenes migrantes no acompañados/as
Authors: Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Nauzet , Cáceres-Rodríguez Celsa
Published: April 2023

La transición a la vida adulta de los jóvenes/as migrantes no acompañados es un tema escasamente estudiado, aunque constituye la piedra angular sobre la que asentar sus procesos de inclusión social. Este estudio propone describir los procesos de intervención socioeducativa que se desarrollan con estos/as jóvenes, explorar la oferta formativa y las trayectorias académicas y los canales para acceder al empleo y sus tipologías, y evidenciar los obstáculos en estos ámbitos. Es un estudio exploratorio y cualitativo. Se realizaron 163 entrevistas individuales y 23 grupos de discusión en varias comunidades autónomas. Los resultados indican que la organización de los centros junto a las barreras para completar la formación, la precariedad de los empleos a los que acceden y la carencia de ingresos mínimos condicionan la transición a la vida adulta. Se concluye que es necesario anticipar la intervención para la preparación de la transición, aumentar los recursos para mayores de 18 años y dotar los programas de un marco estandarizado.
Contradicciones, malestares y dilemas en la intervención social con adolescentes y jóvenes migrantes no acompañados/as
Authors: Marco Arocas Elisabet , Castillo Charfolet Aurora , González Goya Edurne
Published: April 2023

La migración de adolescentes y jóvenes de forma autónoma pone de manifiesto las contradicciones de la política migratoria europea, así como del sistema de protección de la infancia y adolescencia y su paradigma de protección integral. En este trabajo analizamos cómo experimentan los y las profesionales en distintos territorios la ambivalencia implícita en la doble condición de estos y estas menores de edad: infancia a proteger - extranjeros/as a controlar. Primero, exploramos la concepción de la infancia que subyace a las políticas públicas y cómo refuerzan o redefinen el papel de la infancia en la sociedad, especialmente la infancia migrante. Segundo, investigamos las limitaciones, malestares y dilemas que experimentan los y las profesionales en el ámbito de la intervención social. Por último, identificamos los desajustes y contradicciones en los procedimientos, discursos y prácticas del sistema de protección para atender y promocionar los derechos de niños/as, adolescentes y jóvenes migrantes.
Jóvenes con derecho a migrar. De la problematización al reconocimiento del sujeto
Authors: Durán Monfort Paula , Muñoz Garcia Araceli , García Giráldez María Teresa , Muriel Saiz Mercedes , Piola Simioli María Eugenia
Published: April 2023

Este artículo analiza los derechos que se les reconocen a los/as adolescentes y jóvenes migrantes en los diferentes momentos de su estancia en el país de recepción y las representaciones e imaginarios existentes sobre ellos, que se legitiman e institucionalizan en discursos políticos, normativas y prácticas. Estas representaciones contrastan con sus propias narrativas que reflejan su capacidad de agencia, de interpretación de su situación y de elaboración y ejecución de un proyecto vital. La metodología cualitativa y participativa empleada ha permitido recoger su voz y sus narrativas en toda su complejidad y riqueza. A partir de sus relatos se puede observar su resiliencia ante las situaciones de dificultad, así como las acciones de resistencia, individuales y colectivas, que articulan para interpelar los dispositivos de control y afrontar los mecanismos de opresión presentes en los contextos de recepción. Se evidencia así la importancia de reconocer la emergencia del actor colectivo, que se construye en los espacios de autorganización de la lucha migrante.
La infancia enajenada: niñas y adolescentes extranjeras víctimas de la trata con fines de explotación sexual
Authors: Torrado Martín-Palomino Esther , Ceballos-Vacas Esperanza-María
Published: April 2023

Se aborda la situación de las menores solas o mal acompañadas en las fronteras europeas desde la perspectiva de género y de derechos humanos. Las niñas y adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad familiar, social y política constituyen en la actualidad el batallón más demandado y lucrativo para las redes criminales de trata con fines de explotación sexual.

Estas redes operan con las niñas y adolescentes como si fueran una mercancía o un patrimonio enajenado susceptible de ser cedido, intercambiado y traspasado entre fronteras con el fin de obtener el máximo beneficio de su explotación.

En este artículo se revisan algunas de las principales teorías migratorias con perspectiva de género. También se aportan datos de informes internacionales recientes, mostrando las dificultades de detección y protección de las víctimas también en España. Todo ello ayuda a comprender la violencia sexual ejercida contra las niñas y adolescentes migrantes de origen extranjero en el marco general de las migraciones forzosas internacionales.
Measuring Human Capital: from WorldCat Identities to VIAF
Authors: Curtis Matthew , De la Croix David
Published: April 2023

This note is a summary of how we can measure scholars’ human capital after the retirement of theWorldCat Identities project on March 23, 2023. WorldCat Identities was previously providing us measures of scholars’ output and recognition.
edTPA implications for teacher education policy and practice: Representations of epistemic injustice and slow violence
Authors: Bernard Cara Faith , Kaufman Douglas , Kohan Mark , Mitoma Glenn
Published: April 2023

edTPA is a widely used teacher performance assessment. However, studies have raised concerns with its use. We conducted a study of candidates’ and faculty members’ perceptions of edTPA on their learning and performance. Analysis of responses revealed six themes: confusion about the meaning of “ready to teach”; interference with relationship building; narrowed responsive teaching practices; concern for placements’ impact on assessments; mistrust of evaluators’ understanding of their contexts; and increased barriers for marginalized candidates. Findings suggest that edTPA can be interpreted as perpetrating forms of “epistemic injustice” and “slow violence” that impede diversity in the profession. To realize the promise of a more diverse teacher workforce—equity for all students and justice for marginalized communities—teacher educators and policymakers must ensure that the ways in which they prepare and evaluate teachers are increasingly more relational, diverse, equitable, and just.
The Deterministic Positivist Epistemological Approach: An Investigation of the Strategies Used by Banking Executives to Improve Employee Retention
Authors: ElAlam Younes , Belkasseh Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Theory-practice gap speculations are not the only focus of design research.   Significant questions about the role of the character of research are also raised by research design.  Despite the limitations of this work, it is nonetheless helpful to have a high-level understanding of the key characteristics shared by the three epistemological approaches: the subjectivist, constructivist, and objectivist schools of thought.  Considering the existing literature in the topic, these primary epistemological stances that have influenced theories of research design are discussed and analyzed.  The purpose of this paper is not to provide a definitive answer based on statistical analysis, but rather to delve into the nuances of the topic at hand.  At the end of the paper, we discuss and argue why and how we chose a deterministic positivist epistemological approach to investigate the strategies used by banking executives to improve employee retention:  First, we will illustrate that the topic under study does not fit within the constructivist interpretative framework.  Then, we will develop key ideas from the research that will form the backbone of the positivist model.  We conclude by outlining our plan for an empiricist verification technique and defending its inception from a positivist perspective.
The Impact of Refugee Settlement on Landscape and Green Environment in Yumbe District West Nile Sub Region, Uganda
Authors: Geofrey Kizito , Tumwine Fredrick Ruguma
Published: April 2023

Uganda continues to experience high-refugee population influx that is beyond the established settlement capacities. The large and protract influx of migration and displaced persons in various hosting regions in Uganda is said to have brought about severe and continuous disappearance of vegetation cover in the host country leading to climate change related issues and their irreversible effects. In places where resources are already stretched thin, friction between refugees and host-community nationals has emerged over land usage, access to employment and government services, and environmental degradation particularly in settlement camps.  Little information is available on the present and past impacts of settling refugees and host-communities on land use changes, vegetation changes and degradation. This study used (Arc map 10.8 software) to determine the current and past spatial areal-extent of changes from 2010-2020, to suggest possible measures to restore the degraded environment. Findings revealed a rarefied increase in areas under subsistence-farming and built-ups while the losses were seen in savannah-grasslands and woodlands. In 2020, the most significant increases in the land were experienced in built-up-areas and farming. The most degraded vegetation types were savannah-grassland and woodlands. These were primarily attributed to unending activities of deforestation, bush-burning, high-refugee population, land-conflicts with host-communities. Thus, unless sustainable farming and energy-saving practices are promoted and adopted, adopting controlled bush burning the landscape is likely to remain not even with remnants of green-cover. There is a need to promote a shift from use of non-renewable energy sources like charcoal to renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources like biogas, use of briquettes which are relatively cheaper and affordable by the majority and have the potential to effectively substitute wood and charcoal that have massively led to deforestation and its effects.
University students’ competences in ICT: A view from the education domain
Authors: Díaz-García Isabel , Almerich Gonzalo , Suárez-Rodríguez Jesús , Orellana Natividad
Published: April 2023

Contemporary university students face the knowledge society, where mastering information and communication technologies (ICT) is an essential requirement to form part of this society. The objective of our study was to validate a basic ICT competences model made up of three ICT competence subsets (technological, pedagogical and ethical) influenced by various personal and contextual factors. For this purpose, a cross-sectional explanatory correlation design was used, with a sample of 646 university students from the University of Valencia (Spain), collecting the information through a questionnaire. A multiple indicators and multiple causes model was used to validate the students’ ICT competences model. The results revealed that ICT competences form a single set made up of three subsets of competences: technological, pedagogical and ethical. An asymmetrical explanatory relation was found between the technological and pedagogical competences on the one hand and between the ethical and pedagogical competences on the other hand. The factors gender, area in which the degree is taught and the frequency of using a computer with the Internet impacted on the three subsets of competences. The model shows the complexity of university students’ ICT competences, with training in ICT competences being an important element to consider.
Implications for practice or policy:

University leaders have to include the three ICT competence subsets in the curriculum.
University teachers must promote the three ICT competence subsets in their classes.
Instructional designers and educational technologists should include the three ICT competences subsets in their training plans.
Application of isolation technology in shallow super-large comprehensive pipe galleries in seismically vulnerable areas with weak soils
Authors: Ma Jianfei , Cui Guangyao , He Shaohui , Liu Xiabing
Published: April 2023

Shallow urban tunnels with super-large sections in weak soils may experience much more devastating seismic hazards than conventionally deep tunnels in seismically vulnerable areas. This study investigates the seismic response and isolation technology for the largest comprehensive urban pipe gallery in the Xiong’an New Area, Hebei Province, China, using seismic simulation. First, the engineering background, static-seismic model, dynamic motions, and measuring points of the numerical simulation are introduced. Then, using the finite difference method to explore seismic behaviors of the super-large comprehensive urban pipe gallery under strong earthquake excitations are explored. The indexes including the deformation, the stress, the internal force, and the safety factor of segments are analyzed. Meanwhile, the aseismic effects of three proposed isolation schemes (namely, the cushion scheme, the partial buffer layer, and the integral buffer layer), which are proposed to be employed in the super-large comprehensive urban pipe gallery, are explored comparatively. The result shows that the integral buffer layer presents the most dramatic seismic isolation effect (97.85%), followed by the partial buffer layer (22.58%), and the cushion (15.07%). The integral buffer layer scheme is recommended to be employed in the seismic design for the present super-large pipe gallery. These conclusions can give scientific guidance for the seismic design of the super-large urban tunnels.
Assessment of WHO 07/202 reference material and human serum pools for commutability and for the potential to reduce variability among soluble transferrin receptor assays
Authors: Lyle Alicia N. , Budd Jeffrey R. , Kennerley Victoria M. , Smith Bianca N. , Danilenko Uliana , Pfeiffer Christine M. , Vesper Hubert W.
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The clinical use of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) as an iron status indicator is hindered by a lack of assay standardization and common reference ranges and decision thresholds. In 2009, the WHO and National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls (NIBSC) released a sTfR reference material (RM), 07/202, for assay standardization; however, a comprehensive, formal commutability study was not conducted.

Methods

This study evaluated the commutability of WHO 07/202 sTfR RM and human serum pools and the impacts of their use as common calibrators. Commutability was assessed for six different measurement procedures (MPs). Serum pools were prepared according to updated CLSI C37-A procedures (C37) or non-C37 procedures. The study design and analyses were based on Parts 2 and 3 of the 2018 IFCC Commutability in Metrological Traceability Working Group’s Recommendations for Commutability Assessment. WHO 07/202 and serum pools were used for instrument/assay and mathematical recalibration, respectively, to determine if their use decreases inter-assay measurement variability for clinical samples.

Results

The WHO 07/202 RM dilutions were commutable for all 6 MPs assessed and, when used for instrument calibration, decreased inter-assay variability from 208 to 55.7 %. Non-C37 and C37 serum pools were commutable for all 6 MPs assessed and decreased inter-assay variability from 208 to 13.8 % and 4.6 %, respectively, when used for mathematical recalibration.

Conclusions

All materials evaluated, when used as common calibrators, substantially decreased inter-assay sTfR measurement variability. MP calibration to non-C37 and C37 serum pools may reduce the sTfR IMPBR to a greater extent than WHO 07/202 RM.
IUPAC´s Role in UN Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention
Authors: Martínez Javier García
Published: April 2023

The United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA), in its Resolution 5/8, decided on the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention (IPCP) [1]. This resolution stated that a science-policy panel should be established to contribute further to the sound management of chemicals and waste, prevent pollution, and to convene—subject to the availability of resources—an ad hoc Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG). The OEWG started its work in 2022, with the ambition of completing it by the end of 2024 [2]. The next steps for this OEWG include the establishment of the panel, the selection of panel members, and the development of the assessment process. The panel members will be selected based on their expertise in the field of chemical pollution and their ability to provide a balanced and objective assessment of the state of chemical pollution. The assessment process will include a comprehensive review of the scientific literature, as well as input from stakeholders.
Alessandro Volta: Still Fully Charged After 200 Years
Authors: Borsacchi S. , Guidotti M. , Sanson A. , Minguzzi A. , Pozzi A. , Paci A. M. , Kerton F. , Peruzzini M.
Published: April 2023

In the framework of the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development (UNESCO IYBSSD July 2022—2023), the Italian IUPAC NAO organized an open and educational event titled Alessandro Volta’s heritage and electrochemistry to respond to the great challenges of the future. Designed to highlight the role of chemistry as a fundamental science to respond to big challenges, the day event was organized in collaboration with two important scientific Italian institutions including the Italian National Research Council (CNR) and the University of Insubria, with the support of IUPAC and its Committee on CHEMical Research Applied to World Needs (CHEMRAWN) (IUPAC project #2022-018-1-021), and in collaboration with the International Science Council.
Quality of oil extracted by cold press from Nigella sativa seeds incorporated with rosemary extracts and pretreated by microwaves
Authors: Ashrafi Ali , Azadmard-Damirchi Sodeif , Hesari Javad
Published: April 2023

Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed (BS) oil has high a peroxide value (PV) and acid value (AV). In this study, BS was incorporated with different levels of rosemary extracts as a natural antioxidant source before and after pretreatment by microwaves. Based on the oil extraction yield (33%), PV (8.4 meq O2 per kg oil), and AV (3.2 mg KOH per gram oil), the optimum condition was determined as microwave radiation for 120 s and, after that, moisturizing by the extract at 4% level. AV and PV were lower, and chlorophylls, carotenoids, polyphenols, thymoquinone, and tocopherols content were higher in oil extracted from pretreated BS than oil extracted from control BS. Reduction and loss of bioactive components occurred in oil samples during the 120 days of storage; however, it was higher in the control sample. There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the fatty acid composition of oil samples; however, oxidation and reduction of linoleic acid in the control oil sample were higher (4.2%) than the oil extracted from pretreated BS (2.5%). In conclusion, the oil extracted from the pretreated BS had higher oil extraction yield, high bioactive components, and stability; therefore, microwave radiation and incorporation of rosemary extract before oil extraction from BS is suggested.
Modulation of macrophage polarization by iron-based nanoparticles
Authors: Ding He , Zhang Yuxin , Mao Yu , Li Yan , Shen Yan , Sheng Jingyi , Gu Ning
Published: April 2023

Macrophage polarization is an essential process involved in immune regulation. In response to different microenvironmental stimulation, macrophages polarize into cells with different phenotypes and functions, most typically M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages. Iron-based nanoparticles have been widely explored and reported to regulate macrophage polarization for various biomedical applications. However, the influence factors and modulation mechanisms behind are complicated and not clear. In this review, we systemically summarized different iron-based nanoparticles that regulate macrophage polarization and function and discussed the influence factors and mechanisms underlying the modulation process. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the modulation of macrophage polarization by iron-based nanoparticles and expects to provide evidence and guidance for subsequent design and application of iron-based nanoparticles with specific macrophage modulation functions.
Dielectric properties of a ready-to-use therapeutic food material composed of lipids
Authors: Abdul Halim Suhaila Idayu , Ahmad Tarmizi Amirah Amalina , Eudier Hubert , Dehont Laura , Bohin Maxime , Saiter Jean Marc , Chan Chin Han
Published: April 2023

Lipids in the Ready-to-use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) comprise various types of triglycerides such as palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. Dynamic studies of the dielectric properties such as impedance, permittivity and loss tangent of the triglycerides at different temperatures ranging from 25 to −30 °C and frequencies from 10−2 Hz to 5 × 106 Hz were performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The outcomes of EIS were associated together with the analysis of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in order to analyse the dielectric signals obtained. As expected, FTIR results suggest the presence of saturated and unsaturated triglycerides of the palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. Besides, there are absorbance bands of functional groups that reflect the presence of proteins. The dielectric relaxation and dielectric constant were evaluated from the impedance and permittivity spectra, respectively. The results imply the RUTF possesses long-range motion of dipoles against lower temperatures. The phase transitions observed in RUTF as indicated by the DSC cooling curve (crystallization), lead to the shifting of dielectric properties in impedance and permittivity.
Distributed Authorship
Authors: Pearlman Karen
Published: April 2023

A general misapprehension of what filmmakers do and how films are made has obscured the creative and cognitive complexity of the work women have been doing in film for over one hundred years. Using clips from the multi-award-winning short documentary I Want to Make a Film about Women (Pearlman et al. 2020), the video essay Distributed Authorship: An et al. Proposal of Creative Practice, Cognition, and Feminist Film Histories argues that filmmaking is an instance of “distributed cognition” and offers a provocation about the mythologizing of film authors. It then proposes a small, very small, but significant, very significant, adjustment to the stories we tell about filmmakers. I call this adjustment “et al.” and suggest that these five characters and a space are shorthand for an urgently needed change to understandings of collaboration, creativity, and cognition.
Editorial
Authors: Engelbrecht LK
Published: April 2023

This first edition in 2023 of Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk offers themes that centre on social work with persons affected by substance use disorders, on environmental social work and social work with children. The latter theme focuses on specialist areas concerning parents of children suffering from hearing loss, social assistance to orphaned children, foster care, ethical guidelines for adoption, grandparent-grandchildren care and child participation.
FACTORS INFLUENCING RELAPSE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS: AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ndou Nobuhle , Khosa Priscalia
Published: April 2023

Substance abuse is a global problem that has generated considerable concern among patients, families, clinicians and researchers. Existing research has not explored the views of social workers as treatment professionals but has focused on the service users and their significant others. A qualitative study was conducted to explore the factors influencing relapse in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) from a social work perspective. The findings revealed that various factors play a role in relapse at the different levels described from the ecological perspective. The study contributes towards the development of strategies to combat relapse and help in formulating relapse prevention programmes.