bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing the connection between speech-language pathologists and technology developers in designing novel textile-based AAC (TAAC) technologies
Authors: Vihriälä Tanja A. , Lintula Lotta , Raisamo Roope , Virkki Johanna
Published: June 2024

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) methods aim to enable a variety of interactions and participation for those with complex communication needs. AAC’s benefits are well known. However, many with these unique needs do not have access to these technologies, do not use them to their full potential, or abandon the system for a variety of reasons. Novel approaches are needed to enable AAC’s availability, accessibility, and independent communication opportunities. Creating novel, functional AAC systems requires understanding the diversity of known barriers. Furthermore, collaboration between technology developers and those stakeholders who can see the problems is crucial.

Therefore, this study aims to establish a connection between speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and technology developers by implementing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Framework to evaluate the existing barriers and assess which aspects of functional ability are affected when using a novel textile-based AAC technology (TAAC) perceived by SLPs.

To this end, we organized an online survey and focus group discussions for 12 SLPs experienced in implementing AAC. Meaningful concepts were extracted and linked to the ICF framework in a deductive, qualitative research design. The results revealed a broad range of factors that affect one’s functional abilities in the areas of communication, learning and applying knowledge, using the TAAC, and motivation when the TAAC is individually designed to meet the requirements of ease and appropriate content.

The results of this analysis provide the platform for implementing the ICF into the AAC technology design, offering a common platform for collaboration between AAC experts and technology developers.
PD-L1 inhibitor versus PD-1 inhibitor plus bevacizumab with transvascular intervention in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huang Zhenkun , Chen Tiejun , Li Wenbin , Qiu Jiliang , Liu Shaoru , Wu Zongfeng , Li Binkui , Yuan Yunfei , He Wei
Published: June 2024

Both atezolizumab (a PD-L1 inhibitor) plus bevacizumab (A+B) and sintilimab (a PD-1 inhibitor) plus bevacizumab (S+B) are recommended as the first-line regimen for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. Different efficacy between the two regimens combined with transvascular intervention for unresectable HCC (uHCC) remain unknown. We retrospectively analyzed uHCC patients treated in three centers by simultaneous combination of A+B or S+B with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and FOLFOX-based hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). Objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were compared. Totally 188 patients were included, with 92 and 96 administered A+B+TACE-HAIC (ABTH) and S+B+TACE-HAIC (SBTH), respectively. ORRs (62.0 vs. 70.8%, respectively; P = 0.257) and disease control rates (88.0 vs. 93.8%, P = 0.267) were similar between groups by the mRECIST criteria. ABTH showed no survival advantage over SBTH, with median PFS times of 11.7 months and 13.0 months, respectively (HR = 0.81, 95% CI, 0.52–1.26, P = 0.35) and similar OS times (HR = 1.19, 95% CI, 0.32–4.39, P = 0.8). No significant differences were observed in grade 3–4 TRAEs between groups. Either PD-L1 or PD-1 inhibitor plus bevacizumab combined with TACE-HAIC have similarly excellent therapeutic efficacy with manageable adverse events, representing promising treatment options for uHCC.
Psychotherapeutische Behandlung von Menschen mit Störung der Intelligenzentwicklung und dissoziativen Anfällen
Authors: Kruse Björn , Kulik Katja , Vizzio Violeta Victoria
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund

Menschen mit Störung der Intelligenzentwicklung entwickeln häufig dissoziative Anfälle. Bei Psychotherapierenden bestehen oftmals große Unsicherheiten bei der Behandlung dieser Klientel.

Ziel der Arbeit/Material und Methoden

Es erfolgt die Darstellung des Vorgehens mit speziellen Hinweisen zur Anpassung der Behandlung bei Menschen mit Störung der Intelligenzentwicklung.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Die Behandlung dissoziativer Anfälle sollte bei Menschen mit Störung der Intelligenzentwicklung grundsätzlich gleich wie bei Normintelligenten erfolgen. Die erforderlichen Anpassungen sind mit etwas Übung leicht umzusetzen. Ein Umdenken in der Versorgung von psychisch kranken Menschen mit Störung der Intelligenzentwicklung ist daher dringend erforderlich und wünschenswert.
Correlating the seismic acceleration of reinforced concrete moment-resisting-frames with structural and earthquake characteristics
Authors: Parizat Shir , Kamai Ronnie , Shmerling Assaf
Published: June 2024

Nonstructural components (NSCs) are elements within the building unrelated to the lateral load-carrying system. Failure of NSCs during earthquakes can result in casualties, significant economic losses, disabled critical infrastructures, and loss of building functionality. The NSCs can be categorized into two primary groups: deformation-sensitive and acceleration-sensitive. Thanks to well-established seismic design guidelines and standards, buildings may suffer minor seismic deformations – resulting in lesser damage to deformation-sensitive components. However, planning under the peak floor response or peak floor acceleration (PFA) is getting much less attention – exposing the acceleration-sensitive components to greater risk. This manuscript develops equations for moment-resisting reinforced concrete frames (MRRCFs) that estimate the total floor acceleration. The data is gathered based on 984 inelastic response simulations, elaborated to create an idealized equation based on the earthquake characteristics. The developed equation offers engineers a quantitative approach to understanding the inertial forces applied to the NSCs within the building during earthquakes, allowing them to plan for potential risks due to earthquakes.
Impacts of climate change and agricultural diversification on agricultural production value of Thai farm households
Authors: Prommawin Benjapon , Svavasu Nattanun , Tanpraphan Spol , Saengavut Voravee , Jithitikulchai Theepakorn , Attavanich Witsanu , McCarl Bruce A.
Published: June 2024

This paper examines how rising temperatures impact the agricultural production value of Thai farmers, compares potential adaptation strategies like agricultural diversification, and analyzes future projections based on IPCC AR6 scenarios. We analyze nationally representative socioeconomic survey data from farm households alongside ERA5 weather data, utilizing econometric regression analysis. Our analysis reveals that higher temperatures lead to a reduction in agricultural output value, with the situation expected to worsen as global warming progresses. Furthermore, we find that households with diversified production practices, such as a variety of agricultural activities or multicropping, exhibit a greater capacity to adapt to rising temperatures. These findings substantiate the importance of the country’s policies promoting integrated farming and diversified crop-mix strategies.
Surface water monitoring of chemicals associated with animal husbandry in an agricultural region in the Netherlands using passive sampling
Authors: Rakonjac Nikola , Roex Erwin , Beeltje Henry
Published: June 2024

Compounds originating from animal husbandry can pollute surface water through the application of manure to soil. Typically, grab sampling is employed to detect these residues, which only provides information on the concentration at the time of sampling. To better understand the emission patterns of these compounds, we utilized passive samplers in surface water to collect data at eight locations in a Dutch agricultural region, during different time intervals. As a passive sampler, we chose the integrative-based Speedisk® hydrophilic DVB. In total, we targeted 46 compounds, among which 25 antibiotics, three hormones, nine antiparasitics, and nine disinfectants. From these 46 compounds, 22 compounds accumulated in passive samplers in amounts above the limit of quantification in at least one sampling location. Over the 12-week deployment period, a time integrative uptake pattern was identified in 53% of the examined cases, with the remaining 47% not displaying this behavior. The occurrences without this behavior were primarily associated with specific location, particularly the most upstream location, or specific compounds. Our findings suggest that the proposed use of passive samplers, when compared in this limited context to traditional grab sampling, may provide enhanced efficiency and potentially enable the detection of a wider array of compounds. In fact, a number of compounds originating from animal husbandry activities were quantified for the first time in Dutch surface waters, such as flubendazole, florfenicol, and tilmicosine. The set-up of the sampling campaign also allowed to distinguish between different pollution levels during sampling intervals on the same location. This aspect gains particular significance when considering the utilization of different compounds on various occasions, hence, it has the potential to strengthen ongoing monitoring and mitigation efforts.
Classifying methods to quantify crop nitrogen input requirements
Authors: Simon Wolfram J. , van Zanten Hannah H. E. , Hijbeek Renske
Published: June 2024

In this short communication, we propose a framework that classifies methods for estimating crop nitrogen (N) input requirements along two dimensions: short-term versus long-term and current versus optimal crop management practices. The four resulting quadrants provide different perspectives on modelling methods, each distinctive in handling soil N supply, mineral versus organic N sources, management and yield levels. For each quadrant, study examples and data requirements are provided. We emphasise the importance of accurate and purpose-oriented selection of crop N requirement modelling methods and acknowledge the complexity and uncertainties inherent in N modelling, often due to a lack of data availability. The choice of methods to estimate N inputs strongly impacts model outcomes and conclusions, affecting agricultural practices, advisories, and policy strategies. Therefore, a decision tree is presented to support choices in assessing N input requirements so that models can help identify under and over-fertilisation hotspots, maintain soil fertility, and optimise crop yields, contributing to environmental protection and food security goals.
Biosensors with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Abbassy Mahmoud , Ali Muhammad Zain , Sharma Riya Manas , Irani Yohan Porus , Dahlan Adil , Azhar Maimoona , Aslam Nadeem , Hasan Babar , Hameed Aamir
Published: June 2024

Heart failure imposes a significant global health burden, standing as a primary contributor to mortality. Various indicators and physiological shifts within the body may hint at distinct cardiac conditions. Specific biosensors have the capability to identify these changes. Integrating or embedding these biosensors into mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs), such as left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), becomes crucial for monitoring alterations in biochemical and physiological factors subsequent to an MCSD implantation. Detecting abnormal changes early in the course of disease progression will allow for improved patient outcomes and prognosis following an MCSD implantation. The aim of this review is to explore the available biosensors that may be coupled or implanted alongside LVADs to monitor biomarkers and changes in physiological parameters. Different fabrication materials for the biosensors are discussed, including their advantages and disadvantages. This review also examines the feasibility of integrating feedback control mechanisms into LVAD systems using data from the biosensors. Challenges facing this emerging technology and future directions for research and development are outlined as well. The overarching goal is to provide an overview of how implanted biosensors may improve the performance and outcomes of LVADs through continuous monitoring and closed-loop control.

Graphical Abstract
Prospective, randomised clinical trial on the necessity of using a silicone intubarium in the context of endonasal-endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) in patients with postsaccal lacrimal duct stenosis
Authors: Bahner Lia , Zebralla Veit , Dietz Andreas , Otto Mathias , Pirlich Markus
Published: June 2024

Background

This prospective clinical study evaluates the effect of a silicone stent tube (SST) on the success rate of endonasal-endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) to treat primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Methods

Patients were randomly assigned to receive EN-DCR with or without SST intubation over a period of 3 months. The surgery was performed using standardized techniques. Patients were assessed at three different timepoints: one day, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the surgery. The results were compared in order to evaluate statistical differences. Surgical success was determined by means of positive irrigation procedures, as well as by the improvement of symptoms and a high level of patient satisfaction.

Results

A total of 56 randomized cases completed 24 weeks of follow up. 1 Patient dropped out due to malignant genesis of the nasolacrimal duct obstruction. After 24 weeks of follow up no statistically significant differences in levels of epiphora (p > .10) or patency (p > .16) were revealed. Comparisons regarding changes in time did not show levels of significance (p > .28).

Conclusions

This study could not confirm a statistically significant benefit or disadvantage for SST Insertion in EN-DCR.
Apodized slanted teeth grating couplers for LiDAR applications
Authors: Voskerchyan Vahram , Tian Yu , Soares Francisco M. , Outerelo David Álvarez , Diaz-Otero Francisco J.
Published: June 2024

Solid state LiDAR systems traditionally rely on costly active components for efficient beam scanning. In this study, we propose a cost-effective, purely passive steering approach using apodized slanted grating couplers. Through apodization, we achieve a uniform upward emission profile and enhanced upward transmission. Theoretical calculations indicate successful steering of $$91.5^\circ \times 42.8^\circ$$

91
.

5
∘

×
42
.

8
∘

. Experimental results closely match theoretical predictions, validating the capabilities of our passive steering concept. Additionally, the grating couplers, with a length of 3 mm, enable a farfield FWHM of 0.026$$^\circ$$

∘

, further enhancing sensing resolution.
Plasma metabolites in childhood Burkitt lymphoma cases and cancer-free controls in Uganda
Authors: Huang Jiaqi , Nabalende Hadijah , Camargo M. Constanza , Lovett Jacqueline , Otim Isaac , Legason Ismail D. , Ogwang Martin D. , Kerchan Patrick , Kinyera Tobias , Ayers Leona W. , Bhatia Kishor , Goedert James J. , Reynolds Steven J. , Crompton Peter D. , Moore Steven C. , Moaddel Ruin , Albanes Demetrius , Mbulaiteye Sam M.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Plasmodium falciparum and Epstein-Barr virus, both of which affect metabolic pathways. The metabolomic patterns of BL is unknown.

Materials and methods

We measured 627 metabolites in pre-chemotherapy treatment plasma samples from 25 male children (6–11 years) with BL and 25 cancer-free area- and age-frequency-matched male controls from the Epidemiology of Burkitt Lymphoma in East African Children and Minors study in Uganda using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Unconditional, age-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the BL association with 1-standard deviation increase in the log-metabolite concentration, adjusting for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate (FDR) thresholds and Bonferroni correction.

Results

Compared to controls, levels for 42 metabolite concentrations differed in BL cases (FDR < 0.001), including triacylglyceride (18:0_38:6), alpha-aminobutyric acid (AABA), ceramide (d18:1/20:0), phosphatidylcholine ae C40:6 and phosphatidylcholine C38:6 as the top signals associated with BL (ORs = 6.9 to 14.7, P < 2.4✕10− 4). Two metabolites (triacylglyceride (18:0_38:6) and AABA) selected using stepwise logistic regression discriminated BL cases from controls with an area under the curve of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.00).

Conclusion

Our findings warrant further examination of plasma metabolites as potential biomarkers for BL risk/diagnosis.
Pilot Evaluation of S-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-d-Homocysteine and O-(2-[18F]Fluoroethyl)-d-Tyrosine as Bacteria-Specific Radiotracers for PET Imaging of Infection
Authors: Betts Helen M. , Luckett Jeni C. , Hill Philip J.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

There is currently no ideal radiotracer for imaging bacterial infections. Radiolabelled d-amino acids are promising candidates because they are actively incorporated into the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall, a structural feature which is absent in human cells. This work describes fluorine-18 labelled analogues of d-tyrosine and d-methionine, O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-d-tyrosine (d-[18F]FET) and S-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-d-homocysteine (d-[18F]FPHCys), and their pilot evaluation studies as potential radiotracers for imaging bacterial infection.

Procedures

d-[18F]FET and d-[18F]FPHCys were prepared in classical fluorination-deprotection reactions, and their uptake in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated over 2 h. Heat killed bacteria were used as controls. A clinically-relevant foreign body model of S. aureus infection was established in Balb/c mice, as well as a sterile foreign body to mimic inflammation. The ex vivo biodistribution of d-[18F]FPHCys in the infected and inflamed mice was evaluated after 1 h, by dissection and gamma counting. The uptake was compared to that of [18F]FDG.

Results

In vitro uptake of both d-[18F]FET and d-[18F]FPHCys was specific to live bacteria. Uptake was higher in S. aureus than in P. aeruginosa for both radiotracers, and of the two, higher for d-[18F]FPHCys than d-[18F]FET. Blocking experiments with non-radioactive d-[19F]FPHCys confirmed specificity of uptake. In vivo, d-[18F]FPHCys had greater accumulation in S. aureus infection compared with sterile inflammation, which was statistically significant. As anticipated, [18F]FDG showed no significant difference in uptake between infection and inflammation.

Conclusions

d-[18F]FPHCys uptake was higher in infected tissues than inflammation, and represents a fluorine-18 labelled d-AA with potential to detect a S. aureus reference strain (Xen29) in vivo. Additional studies are needed to evaluate uptake of this radiotracer in clinical isolates.
Green low-cost synthesis of zero-valent iron nanoparticles from Palm Petiole Extract for Cr(VI) removal from water
Authors: Tesnim Dhiss , Hédi Ben Amor , Ridha Djellabi , Cid-Samamed Antonio
Published: June 2024

One of the hottest research topics over the last decades was the valorization or/and recycling of agro-industrial wastes into different valuable liquid or solid products, which is considered a sustainable and low-cost approach. In this study, we developed zero-valent iron nanoparticles from Palm Petiole Extract (P-NZVI) using a green and straightforward approach. The as-synthesized P-NZVI was used to adsorb Cr(VI) in water. The physico-chemical characterizations of P-NZVI, including the particle size, crystalline structure, surface area, morphology, and functional groups, were investigated via several techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, AFM, DLS, pHZPC measurement, and BET analysis. The adsorption performance of P-NZVI was studied under different operational parameters, including pollutant concentration, pH, temperature, and adsorbent mass. The adsorption rate was found to be 89.3% within 40 min, corresponding to the adsorption capacity of 44.47 mg/g under the following conditions: initial Cr(VI) concentration of 40 mg/L, pH 5, and a P-NZVI dosage of 1 g/L. It was found that the adsorption pattern follows the Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating a combination of monolayer adsorption and chemisorption mechanisms. The thermodynamic study shows that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. The reusability of P-NZVI was carried out four times, showing a slight decrease from 89.3 to 87%. These findings highlight that P-NZVI’s could be an effective green adsorbent for removing Cr(VI) or other types of toxic pollutants from water.
Elucidating the Environmental and Health Risks of Trace Element Pollution in Red Sea Fish from Nuweiba City, Aqaba Gulf, Egypt
Authors: El-Shorbagy Mohamed A. , Abdel-Moniem Shimaa M. , Ghanem Mohamed H. , Embaby Mohamed A. , Kourany Mohamed S. , El-Kady Ahmed A. , Abbas Mahmoud Mahrous M.
Published: June 2024

Trace element bioaccumulation in marine organisms is a rising international issue due to possible health concerns for humans. Thirteen trace elements were analyzed in the sediment, water, and muscular tissue of Red Sea fish. Additionally, the average daily intake (EDI), the cancer risk (CR), the hazard index (HI), and the target hazard quotient (THQ) of those elements have been taken into consideration when evaluating any possible health concerns related to their consumption. All species presented quantifiable values in muscle for all the analyzed elements (arsenic (As), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), boron (B), iron (Fe), barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg), except for Cd and Hg, being Fe and Zn the most accumulated elements in all species. Conversely, in water samples, most elements were undeleted except for aluminum, boron, iron, and zinc. All Red Sea fish, however, had concentrations of Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Mn below the upper limit allowed, although most species had higher levels of As, Cr, and Pb (0.48 ± 0.83–5.10 ± 0.79, 1.97 ± 0.46–5.25 ± 0.67 and 2.12 ± 1.01–6.83 ± 0.93 µg/g, respectively).

The studied Red Sea fish showed contamination degrees (CD) of Mn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, and Pb were ≤ 1, indicating minimal contamination, with As and Cr showing higher contamination degrees. However, the pollution index values (MPI-elements) can be represented according to ascending order: Lethrinus ramak < Cephalopholis hemistiktos < Pagellus affinis < Trachurus japonicus < Cheilinus lunulatus < Siganus luridus < Parupeneus forsskali < Caesio suevica. The study found that edible tissues are safe for human consumption, with HI values for children and adults less than ten, indicating negligible non-cancer hazards. However, fish consumption presents health risks due to chromium, lead, and arsenic, with THQ values several times greater than 1, and CR-Ni, CR-Cr, and CR-As values exceeding the acceptable 10−4 value in all studied species. This study provides critical insights into trace element contamination in marine fish species, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and proactive measures to ensure safe marine fish consumption in the Aqaba Gulf.
Novel Isoforms of Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor B1 (ADGRB1/BAI1) Generated from an Alternative Promoter in Intron 17
Authors: Parag Rashed Rezwan , Yamamoto Takahiro , Saito Kiyotaka , Zhu Dan , Yang Liquan , Van Meir Erwin G.
Published: June 2024

Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) belongs to the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors, which exhibit large multi-domain extracellular N termini that mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. To explore the existence of BAI1 isoforms, we queried genomic datasets for markers of active chromatin and new transcript variants in the ADGRB1 (adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor B1) gene. Two major types of mRNAs were identified in human/mouse brain, those with a start codon in exon 2 encoding a full-length protein of a predicted size of 173.5/173.3 kDa and shorter transcripts starting from alternative exons at the intron 17/exon 18 boundary with new or exon 19 start codons, predicting two shorter isoforms of 76.9/76.4 and 70.8/70.5 kDa, respectively. Immunoblots on wild-type and Adgrb1 exon 2-deleted mice, reverse transcription PCR, and promoter-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that the shorter isoforms originate from an alternative promoter in intron 17. The shorter BAI1 isoforms lack most of the N terminus and are very close in structure to the truncated BAI1 isoform generated through GPS processing from the full-length receptor. The cleaved BAI1 isoform has a 19 amino acid extracellular stalk that may serve as a receptor agonist, while the alternative transcripts generate BAI1 isoforms with extracellular N termini of 5 or 60 amino acids. Further studies are warranted to compare the functions of these isoforms and examine the distinct roles they play in different tissues and cell types.
Exploring the role of dysfunctional attitudes and unhelpful thoughts in the relationship between personality traits and psychological distress in Australian University students
Authors: Galloghly Ronan J. , Apputhurai Pragalathan , Knowles Simon R.
Published: June 2024

The impact of dysfunctional attitudes and unhelpful thinking upon clients presenting with personality-related psychological distress is an important clinical area of investigation as it informs psychological interventions. Despite this, there is limited research in this area. Thus, this study had two main aims: (1) examine the interrelationships between maladaptive personality traits, dysfunctional attitudes, unhelpful thinking, and psychological distress; and (2) explore the potential mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and unhelpful thinking on the relationship between maladaptive personality traits and psychological distress. A convenience sample of 728 undergraduate psychology students (mean age: 31.57 years; 76% female) completed an online questionnaire for course credit. The results supported the first hypothesis that after controlling for gender and age, there would be significant positive correlations among maladaptive personality traits, dysfunctional attitudes, and psychological distress. A structural equation model with an excellent fit (CMIN/df = 2.23, p = .063, TLI = 0.98, CFI = 0.99, SRMR, = 0.01, and RMSEA = 0.04) provided partial support for the second hypothesis in that dysfunctional attitudes and unhelpful thoughts mediated the relationship between maladaptive personality traits and psychological distress. Specifically, negative affectivity and detachment’s relationship with psychological distress were partially mediated via dysfunction attitudes and unhelpful thoughts, and dysfunctional attitudes respectively. These findings suggest that while dysfunctional attitudes and unhelpful thinking contribute to the relationship between personality traits and psychological distress, identification of other factors are required to improve theoretical understanding and subsequently psychological interventions.
New transformation formulas for the fourth Lauricella function II
Authors: Ernst Thomas , Karlsson Per W.
Published: June 2024

In this our second article on the fourth Lauricella function, we start with some lemmas where Lauricella functions with m equal variables or with m copies of 1 can be reduced to a similar function. In the same way, Lauricella functions with m parameters equal to $$-1$$

-
1

can be reduced to a sum of Lauricella functions times elementary symmetric polynomials of the variables. These formulas are used in the proofs, as well as transformation formulas for Lauricella functions from the first paper. Our method gives a transformation with Kampé de Fériet functions, which could possibly be extended. Also summation formulas for the first Appell function are proved. Because of the symmetric proofs, some q-analogues of these formulas can be found at the end of paper. All proofs use Eulerian (q-)integrals. Several formulas are generalizations of Kummer’s second summation formula. In particular, the Euler–Pfaff transformation formula can be generalized to Lauricella functions. The sections are ordered according to the respective substitutions, and the recurring theme is again the reduced roots, which turn up as variables in the formulas. The power substitutions lead to formulas with complex function arguments, only one example is given.
Development of a human cognition inspired condition management system for equipment
Authors: Singh Maneesh , Øvsthus Knut , Kampen Anne-Lena , Dhungana Hariom
Published: June 2024

Biomimicry is an approach for solving industrial challenges by studying similar cases in nature and emulating bio-organisms’ responses. Thus, it helps to solve modern day technological problems using the solutions that bio-organisms have successfully used over the course of millions of years. In an ongoing research project, investigations are being carried out to explore the use of biomimicry approach for developing a framework for a human-centric condition management system. This framework is inspired by the knowledge of human cognition. It is expected that the system will be able to utilize various data and integrate it with analytical models and knowledge-based systems to help an equipment diagnose and recommend optimised operation and maintenance programs. This paper describes the proposed framework for this human-centric condition management system.
Search and Harvesting across NFDI Consortia – Gaps and Challenges
Authors: Mathiak Brigitte , Heyer Gerhard , Widmann Heinrich , Henzen Christin , Czerniak Andreas
Published: June 2024

Search and harvesting use cases on harmonised metadata play an important role in several activities on National Research Data Infrastructures (NFDI). The working group Search and Harvesting of the NFDI section (meta)data, terminologies and provenance works on a common understanding of user needs (for search) and service requirements (for harvesting), analysis of the data sources landscape, and recommendations concerning common and specific needs, e.g., for spatial or sensitive data. Here, we present search and harvesting gaps and challenges across NFDI consortia and beyond, which were identified and structured in the Search and Harvesting Working Group, and the recommendations for the NFDI we derive from them. Our goal is to foster a common vision for search and harvesting in the NFDI.
Experimental investigation on hydrogen-rich syngas production via gasification of common wood pellet in Bangladesh: Optimization, mathematical modeling, and techno-econo-environmental feasibility studies
Authors: Hossain Md. Sanowar , Riad Mujahidul Islam , Bhowmik Showmitro , Das Barun K.
Published: June 2024

Since hydrogen produces no emissions, there is increasing interest in its production throughout the world as the need for clean and sustainable energy grows. Bangladesh has an abundance of biomass, particularly wood pellets, which presents a huge opportunity for gasification to produce hydrogen. Gasification of mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni-SM) and mango (Mangifera indica-MI) wood is performed in a downdraft gasifier to evaluate the impact of particle size, equivalence ratio, and temperature on hydrogen gas composition and gasifier performance. Under the optimal conditions determined by central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) optimization, gasification of SM and MI wood can greatly increase hydrogen yield and cold gas efficiency, offering a workable, environmentally friendly, and long-term solution to Bangladesh's energy shortage and pollution problems. Through RSM analysis the best operating conditions for gasification of SM wood include a feed size of 22.5 mm, equivalence ratio of 0.34, and operating temperature of 1176 K, where a total yield of hydrogen 11.2% was obtained. In the case of MI wood gasification, the optimum condition was found at feed size 22.5 mm, equivalence ratio 0.34, and operating temperature of 1132.47 K, where a total yield of hydrogen 12.85% was obtained. The economic study provides an LCOE of 0.1116 $/kWh, the project payback period is determined to be 10.7 years. By reusing wood waste from nearby sawmills, this study helps to manage waste sustainably by lowering pollution levels and deforestation. It also highlights wider sustainability effects by assisting international initiatives to fight climate change and advance energy independence.
Crop recommendation and forecasting system for Maharashtra using machine learning with LSTM: a novel expectation-maximization technique
Authors: Mahale Yashashree , Khan Nida , Kulkarni Kunal , Wagle Shivali Amit , Pareek Preksha , Kotecha Ketan , Choudhury Tanupriya , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: June 2024

Agriculture in Maharashtra has immense importance in India, acting as the back-bone of the economy and a primary livelihood source for a significant population. Being the third largest state in India, Maharashtra has a high scale crop production in the country which also has an important impact on the economy. Initially the study focus on developing predictive models that guide farmers in selecting suitable crops for the divisions in the state of Maharashtra. This study presents a Crop Recommendation System (CRS) designed to support Maharashtra’s agricultural sector by utilizing a comprehensive dataset from 2001 to 2022 provided by the India Meteorological Department. This study helps in improvising technical efficiency and productivity of the farmers. Harvesting crops in optimal condition can help to produce efficient harvest hence the research concentrates on providing best crop recommendation system (CRS) with the help of Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques. The data, enhanced for accuracy using expectation-maximization optimization, underpins predictive models that guide crop selection. EM contributes to a more robust and reliable dataset for subsequent analyses and modeling by iterative estimating and updating missing values based on probabilistic expectations. Key findings show that the Random Forest algorithm excels in predicting suitable crops with 92% accuracy. Further precision is achieved through a Long Short-Term Memory network forecasting weather patterns three months ahead, accommodating temporal data variations. Subsequently, the proposed system leverages these forecasts to recommend five ideal crops per division within Maharashtra, aiding farmers’ decision-making and adapting to regional climatic conditions. A supplementary crop calendar offers monthly district-specific planting guidance. An intuitive Graphical User Interface delivers this information effectively, ensuring practical and informed agricultural choices across the state. In essence, the study provides an innovative tool for enhancing economic stability and sustenance in Maharashtra through technology-driven agriculture recommendations aligned with future weather expectations.
Atmospheric Escape From Earth and Mars: Response to Solar and Solar Wind Drivers of Oxygen Escape
Authors: Peterson W. K. , Brain D. A. , Schnepf N. R. , Dong Y. , Chamberlin P. , Yau A. W.
Published: June 2024

Habitability at the surface of a planet depends on having an atmosphere long enough for life to develop. The loss of atmosphere to space is an important component in assessing planetary surface habitability. Current models of atmospheric escape from exoplanets are not well constrained by observations. Atmospheric escape observations from the terrestrial planets are available in public data archives. We recast oxygen escape rates from Earth derived from an instrument on Dynamics Explorer‐1 as function of solar wind and compare them to similar data from Mars. Analysis demonstrates that oxygen escape rates from Mars are not as sensitive to variations in solar power components as those from Earth. Available data from Venus can confirm or refute the assertion that oxygen escape from magnetized planets is more sensitive than that from unmagnetized planets.
Meteorological Drivers of North American Monsoon Extreme Precipitation Events
Authors: Duan Shiheng , Ullrich Paul , Boos William R.
Published: June 2024

In this paper the meteorological drivers of North American Monsoon (NAM) extreme precipitation events (EPEs) are identified and analyzed. First, the NAM area and its subregions are distinguished using self‐organizing maps applied to the Climate Prediction Center global precipitation data set. This reveals distinct subregions, shaped by the inhomogeneous geographic features of the NAM area, with distinct extreme precipitation character and drivers. Next, defining EPEs as days when subregion‐mean precipitation exceeds the 95th percentile of rainy days, five synoptic features and one mesoscale feature are investigated as potential drivers of EPEs. Essentially all EPEs can be associated with at least one selected driver, with only one event remaining unclassified. This analysis shows the dominant role of Gulf of California moisture surges, mesoscale convective systems and frontal systems in generating NAM extreme precipitation. Finally, a frequency and probability analysis is conducted to contrast precipitation distributions conditioned on the associated meteorological drivers. The findings demonstrate that the co‐occurrence of multiple features does not necessarily enhance the EPE probability.
Wildfire Smoke Affects the Function of Lake Ecosystems
Authors: Wilke Carolyn
Published: June 2024

Smoke-covered lakes see shifts in biological and energy processes that influence food webs, carbon storage, and more.
Efficacy of a yeast postbiotic on cold/flu symptoms in healthy children: A randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Singh Ruma G. , Garcia-Campayo Vicenta , Green Justin B. , Paton Neil , Saunders Julissa D. , Al-Wahsh Huda , Crowley David C. , Lewis Erin D. , Evans Malkanthi , Moulin Marc
Published: June 2024

Background

Children attending school/daycare are at high risk of acute respiratory tract infections. EpiCorTM postbiotic, derived from yeast fermentate, has been demonstrated to improve immune function in adults, reducing the incidence of cold/flu-like or allergy symptoms. As such, studies are warranted in children as available pharmaceutical options have unwanted side effects.

Methods

Two-hundred and fifty-six children aged 4–12 years attending school/daycare were randomized to either EpiCor or Placebo for 84 days during the 2022–2023 flu season in Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Acute Respiratory Illness and Flu Scale (CARIFS) and study diary assessed the incidence and severity of cold/flu symptoms and the use of cold/flu medications. Adverse events were recorded.

Results

Total CARIFS severity scores, ‘sore throat’ and ‘muscle aches or pains’ symptom scores in the EpiCor group were significantly lower compared to Placebo during incidences of cold/flu (P ≤ 0.05). Participants taking Placebo were 1.73 times more likely to use cold/flu medication compared to those receiving EpiCor (P = 0.04). The incidence of cold/flu symptoms was not significantly different between groups. EpiCor was found to be safe and well-tolerated.

Conclusions

EpiCor supplementation resulted in significantly lower cold/flu symptom severity and less cold/flu medication usage than Placebo demonstrating a beneficial effect on immune function in children.

Impact

Children are at high risk of acquiring cold/flu infections and safe and efficacious mitigating regimens are lacking.

Children supplemented daily with 500 mg EpiCorTM postbiotic derived from yeast fermentate had significantly lower overall cold/flu symptom severity, and severity of sore throat and muscle aches or pains over the 84-day supplementation period.

EpiCor supplementation resulted in decreased use of traditional cold/flu medication.

Daily supplementation with 500 mg of EpiCor for 84 days was safe and well tolerated by healthy children aged 4–12 years attending school or daycare.
A broad neutralizing nanobody against SARS-CoV-2 engineered from an approved drug
Authors: Liu Qianyun , Lu Yuchi , Cai Chenguang , Huang Yanyan , Zhou Li , Guan Yanbin , Fu Shiying , Lin Youyou , Yan Huan , Zhang Zhen , Li Xiang , Yang Xiuna , Yang Haitao , Guo Hangtian , Lan Ke , Chen Yu , Hou Shin-Chen , Xiong Yi
Published: June 2024

SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated by Spike glycoprotein binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor via its receptor binding domain. Blocking this interaction has been proven to be an effective approach to inhibit virus infection. Here we report the discovery of a neutralizing nanobody named VHH60, which was directly produced from an engineering nanobody library based on a commercialized nanobody within a very short period. VHH60 competes with human ACE2 to bind the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein at S351, S470-471and S493-494 as determined by structural analysis, with an affinity of 2.56 nM. It inhibits infections of both ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and pseudotyped viruses harboring SARS-CoV-2 wildtype, key mutations or variants at the nanomolar level. Furthermore, VHH60 suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection and propagation 50-fold better and protected mice from death for twice as long as the control group after SARS-CoV-2 nasal infections in vivo. Therefore, VHH60 is not only a powerful nanobody with a promising profile for disease control but also provides evidence for a highly effective and rapid approach to generating therapeutic nanobodies.
PAM-flexible Engineered FnCas9 variants for robust and ultra-precise genome editing and diagnostics
Authors: Acharya Sundaram , Ansari Asgar Hussain , Kumar Das Prosad , Hirano Seiichi , Aich Meghali , Rauthan Riya , Mahato Sudipta , Maddileti Savitri , Sarkar Sajal , Kumar Manoj , Phutela Rhythm , Gulati Sneha , Rahman Abdul , Goel Arushi , Afzal C. , Paul Deepanjan , Agrawal Trupti , Pulimamidi Vinay Kumar , Jalali Subhadra , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Mariappan Indumathi , Nureki Osamu , Maiti Souvik , Chakraborty Debojyoti
Published: June 2024

The clinical success of CRISPR therapies hinges on the safety and efficacy of Cas proteins. The Cas9 from Francisella novicida (FnCas9) is highly precise, with a negligible affinity for mismatched substrates, but its low cellular targeting efficiency limits therapeutic use. Here, we rationally engineer the protein to develop enhanced FnCas9 (enFnCas9) variants and broaden their accessibility across human genomic sites by ~3.5-fold. The enFnCas9 proteins with single mismatch specificity expanded the target range of FnCas9-based CRISPR diagnostics to detect the pathogenic DNA signatures. They outperform Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and its engineered derivatives in on-target editing efficiency, knock-in rates, and off-target specificity. enFnCas9 can be combined with extended gRNAs for robust base editing at sites which are inaccessible to PAM-constrained canonical base editors. Finally, we demonstrate an RPE65 mutation correction in a Leber congenital amaurosis 2 (LCA2) patient-specific iPSC line using enFnCas9 adenine base editor, highlighting its therapeutic utility.
Facet-selective growth of halide perovskite/2D semiconductor van der Waals heterostructures for improved optical gain and lasing
Authors: Zhang Liqiang , Wang Yiliu , Chu Anshi , Zhang Zhengwei , Liu Miaomiao , Shen Xiaohua , Li Bailing , Li Xu , Yi Chen , Song Rong , Liu Yingying , Zhuang Xiujuan , Duan Xidong
Published: June 2024

The tunable properties of halide perovskite/two dimensional (2D) semiconductor mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures offer high flexibility for innovating optoelectronic and photonic devices. However, the general and robust growth of high-quality monocrystalline halide perovskite/2D semiconductor heterostructures with attractive optical properties has remained challenging. Here, we demonstrate a universal van der Waals heteroepitaxy strategy to synthesize a library of facet-specific single-crystalline halide perovskite/2D semiconductor (multi)heterostructures. The obtained heterostructures can be broadly tailored by selecting the coupling layer of interest, and can include perovskites varying from all-inorganic to organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts, individual transition metal dichalcogenides or 2D heterojunctions. The CsPbI2Br/WSe2 heterostructures demonstrate ultrahigh optical gain coefficient, reduced gain threshold and prolonged gain lifetime, which are attributed to the reduced energetic disorder. Accordingly, the self-organized halide perovskite/2D semiconductor heterostructure lasers show highly reproducible single-mode lasing with largely reduced lasing threshold and improved stability. Our findings provide a high-quality and versatile material platform for probing unique optoelectronic and photonic physics and developing further electrically driven on-chip lasers, nanophotonic devices and electronic-photonic integrated systems.
Structural basis for differential inhibition of eukaryotic ribosomes by tigecycline
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Mengjiao , Denk Timo , Buschauer Robert , Li Yi , Beckmann Roland , Cheng Jingdong
Published: June 2024

Tigecycline is widely used for treating complicated bacterial infections for which there are no effective drugs. It inhibits bacterial protein translation by blocking the ribosomal A-site. However, even though it is also cytotoxic for human cells, the molecular mechanism of its inhibition remains unclear. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of tigecycline-bound human mitochondrial 55S, 39S, cytoplasmic 80S and yeast cytoplasmic 80S ribosomes. We find that at clinically relevant concentrations, tigecycline effectively targets human 55S mitoribosomes, potentially, by hindering A-site tRNA accommodation and by blocking the peptidyl transfer center. In contrast, tigecycline does not bind to human 80S ribosomes under physiological concentrations. However, at high tigecycline concentrations, in addition to blocking the A-site, both human and yeast 80S ribosomes bind tigecycline at another conserved binding site restricting the movement of the L1 stalk. In conclusion, the observed distinct binding properties of tigecycline may guide new pathways for drug design and therapy.
Energy and environmental impacts of air-to-air heat pumps in a mid-latitude city
Authors: Meyer David , Schoetter Robert , van Reeuwijk Maarten
Published: June 2024

Heat pumps (HPs) have emerged as a key technology for reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. This study evaluates the potential switch to air-to-air HPs (AAHPs) in Toulouse, France, where conventional space heating is split between electric and gas sources. In this context, we find that AAHPs reduce heating energy consumption by 57% to 76%, with electric heating energy consumption decreasing by 6% to 47%, resulting in virtually no local heating-related CO2 emissions. We observe a slight reduction in near-surface air temperature of up to 0.5 °C during cold spells, attributable to a reduction in sensible heat flux, which is unlikely to compromise AAHPs operational efficiency. While Toulouse’s heating energy mix facilitates large energy savings, electric energy consumption may increase in cities where gas or other fossil fuel sources prevail. Furthermore, as AAHPs efficiency varies with internal and external conditions, their impact on the electrical grid is more complex than conventional heating systems. The results underscore the importance of matching heating system transitions with sustainable electricity generation to maximize environmental benefits. The study highlights the intricate balance between technological advancements in heating and their broader environmental and policy implications, offering key insights for urban energy policy and sustainability efforts.