bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi User Experience Aplikasi Exstraordinary Computer Based Test pada Penilaian Mata Kuliah Pemrograman Materi HTML
Authors: Kurniawan Edi , Nugraha Markus Asta Patma , Kurniawan M.
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan aplikasi Extraordinary Computer-Based Test (CBT) dalam penilaian mata kuliah Pemrograman HTML di Politeknik Pelayaran Sumatera Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain evaluasi program berdasarkan model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 62 mahasiswa semester tiga angkatan VIII tahun 2024, yang dibagi dalam tiga kelas. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes hasil belajar, angket, dan rubrik penilaian praktik, dengan fokus pada ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi CBT efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Rata-rata nilai untuk aspek kognitif mencapai 83, dengan nilai tertinggi pada aspek struktur dan pengembangan aplikasi HTML. Evaluasi afektif menunjukkan respons positif mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan CBT, dengan nilai aspek afektif sebesar 82, sementara evaluasi psikomotor menunjukkan keterampilan praktis yang memadai dengan nilai sebesar 80. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa CBT tidak hanya meningkatkan efektivitas penilaian, tetapi juga memperkaya pengalaman belajar mahasiswa dengan menyediakan umpan balik secara real-time dan pembimbingan yang lebih personal. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan alat pembelajaran berbasis teknologi dan menawarkan solusi praktis untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Selain itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa CBT dapat meningkatkan kualitas evaluasi dan pembelajaran di bidang pemrograman HTML, serta menyarankan pengembangan lebih lanjut untuk mengintegrasikan teknologi lain dalam proses pembelajaran.
Menggali Moralitas Siswa dalam Kebijakan Non-Expulsion: Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di Indonesia
Authors: Susanti Dwi , Airohmah Yesi , Ikramina Mahreshaibati Bilqis , Fitriana Deva Rizkia , Ghufron David Maulana , Rahman Abdul
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebijakan non-expulsion terhadap moralitas siswa dalam konteks penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka, serta memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi pendidik, sekolah, dan pembuat kebijakan dalam menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang inklusif dan mendukung pendidikan berkualitas. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data primer diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam terhadap lima guru dan lima siswa, serta data sekunder dari berbagai literatur terkait. Analisis data dilakukan melalui triangulasi untuk memastikan kredibilitas hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) kebijakan non-expulsion mendapatkan tanggapan beragam: sebagian pihak menilai kebijakan ini tidak efektif karena tidak memberikan efek jera terhadap siswa dengan pelanggaran berat, sementara sebagian lainnya memandang kebijakan ini selaras dengan prinsip inklusivitas Kurikulum Merdeka, asalkan diimplementasikan dengan strategi yang tepat. Data statistik pendukung menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 60% guru setuju dengan penerapan kebijakan ini jika disertai pembinaan intensif. (2) Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka yang mengintegrasikan pembiasaan religius di sekolah telah memberikan dampak positif terhadap moralitas siswa, terlihat dari peningkatan kedisiplinan, kesadaran intrinsik dalam menjalankan ibadah, serta kemampuan siswa merespons situasi tidak bermoral secara etis. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendidikan yang menekankan nilai-nilai moral dan religius dalam membentuk karakter siswa, serta perlunya penguatan kebijakan non-expulsion dengan pendekatan pedagogis yang berkelanjutan.
Implementasi Program DDC (Doa, Dhuha, Conversation) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Multilingual Peserta Didik melalui Pendekatan Behavioristik
Authors: Irfani Ranu Nada
Published: February 2025

Bahasa asing memiliki dampak positif untuk dipelajari terutama di Era globalisasi saat ini seperti untuk mengakses internet, pergaulan global, dan mengikuti arus kemajuan teknologi terkini. Akan tetapi di balik dampak positif dalam mempelajari bahasa asing, ternyata bahasa-bahasa daerah/lokal saat ini semakin terkikis dan semakin sedikit penuturnya. Maka itu, dunia pendidikan perlu memberikan porsi yang sama pentingnya dalam hal pengajaran bahasa, baik bahasa daerah, bahasa nasional, maupun bahasa asing. Berkaitan dengan itu Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Sunan Pandanaran menawarkan program kegiatan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan multilingual peserta didiknya yaitu DDC yang pada penelitian ini ditinjau melalui pendekatan Behavioristik. Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut maka tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui upaya meningkatkan kemampuan multilingual peserta didik melalui program DDC yang ditinjau melalui pendekatan behavioristik. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Kualititif Deskriptif. Program DDC dilaksanakan secara konsisten setiap senin hingga kamis pada saat sebelum pembelajaran di kelas dengan siklus. Ada tiga tahapan pelaksanaan, yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pelaksanaannya menggunakan metode sam’iyah syafawiyah dan metode drill, media yang digunakan antara lain handbook, template, dan poster. Kegiatan conversation pada program DDC telah memenuhi prinsip-prinsip dalam pendekatan behavioristik, diantaranya adalah belajar merupakan perubahan tingkah laku, adanya stimulus dan respons, dan adanya penguatan. Selanjutnya, program DDC juga telah melaksanakan proses pembelajaran sesuai perspektif behavioristik, yaitu: learn by doing, learn from experience, learn by trial and error.
Educational Strategy for Regeneration of Child Dancers in Satrio Bokor Tumpang Group
Authors: Suprihatin Endang Wara , Sumarwahyudi Sumarwahyudi , Hidajat Robby , Zandra Rully Aprilia , Yatim Heriyati , Rahman Amalia Arifah
Published: February 2025

Regeneration of traditional arts is an important thing that really needs to be done because it is a strategic step in maintaining the sustainability of local culture. Jaranan thrives in the Tumpang area, but only the Satri Bokor group has a group of children aged 6 to 15 years. This research was specifically conducted to analyse the regeneration strategy for child Jaranan dancers carried out in the Satrio Bokor Tumpang Group, Malang Regency.  The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach, where data is obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results show that the regeneration strategy is carried out through routine training every afternoon after school, a family approach, and involvement in Jaranan performances and YouTube social media promotions. The main challenges faced are competition with other emerging arts, namely Bantengan, limited funds, and children's time commitment. However, this regeneration has had a positive impact on preserving culture and forming the character of the younger generation. In conclusion, the regeneration strategy implemented by the Satrio Bokor Group is effective in involving children in loving and preserving Jaranan art, although further support from various parties is needed.
Comparative Dissolution Formulation and Test Simvastatin Ko-Crystal Tablets With Isonicotinamide As Coformer
Authors: Sopyan Iyan , Novianti Ina , Abdassah Bratadiredja Marline , Salsabila Hapsari Raira , Setiawati Ervina
Published: February 2025

Simvastatin is a statin drug used to lower plasma cholesterol in all types of hyperlipidemia. Simvastatin is included in BCS class II with poor solubility.  One of the efforts made to increase the solubility of simvastatin is the formation of co-crystals. Co-crystal is a modified type of crystal habit, which consists of two or more molecules in the same crystal lattice. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best excipient combination formula on the simvastatin co-crystalline tablet with isonicotinamide as a coformer and its comparable dissolution test results. The excipient combination optimization was carried out using a two-level factorial method. The optimized Avicel pH 102 and Primogel produced four combination designs on ready-made formulas, namely F1 Avicel pH 102: Primogel (79:2), F2 Avicel pH 102: Primogel (79:8), F3 Avicel pH 102: Primogel (85: 2) and F4 Avicel pH 102: Primogel (85: 8). The evaluation includes evaluating the mass of the print and the quality of the tablets. The excipient combination design solution in the best formula is Avicel pH 102 and Primogel with a ratio (79: 8). The method used in a comparable dissolution test is to compare the values of F1 (difference factor) and F2 (similarity factor) using BootStrap software. The F2 values observed were 50.3 at pH 1.2, 56.09 at pH 4.5, and 59.23 at pH 6.8, which indicates that the simvastatin co-crystalline tablet has similarities with the innovator tablet. The excipient combination design solution in the best formula is Avicel pH 102 and Primogel with a ratio (79: 8). The method used in a comparable dissolution test is to compare the values of F1 (difference factor) and F2 (equation factor) using BootStrap software. The F2 values observed were 50.3 at pH 1.2, 56.09 at pH 4.5, and 59.23 at pH 6.8, which indicates that the simvastatin co-crystalline tablet has similarities with the innovator tablet.Keywords: Simvastatin, co-crystal, two-stage factorial, comparable dissolution                     test.
Formulation of Black Garlic Tea with The Addition of Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L), and Packaging Design
Authors: Putriana Norisca Aliza , Mardawati Efri , Rizki Sendi Cahyani , Maulida Rahmah Devi , Pujianto Totok , Marta Herlina
Published: February 2025

Indonesia is globally recognized for its abundant biodiversity and is considered one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. Over centuries, local communities have explored the benefits of natural ingredients such as garlic to be used as herbal medicine. Although garlic has numerous health benefits, raw consumption is still uncommon due to its strong aroma and taste. To address this issue, black garlic, a derived product from garlic, has been developed to minimize its strong characteristics. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate formulation of black garlic tea with the addition of ginger and rosella flowers in terms of bioactive components, including total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic characteristics of taste and aroma. The method used involved the extraction of 12 samples. The results indicated that the highest phenolic content was 16.708 ± 0.0356 mg GAE/g with formulation of black garlic, rosella, and ginger at a ratio of 1 g: 3 g: 2 g. The highest flavonoid content was observed in formulation of black garlic, rosella, and ginger at a ratio of 2 g: 3 g: 2 g, which amounted to 13.560 ± 0.536 mg QE/g. Furthermore, formulation with black garlic, rosella, and ginger at a ratio of 2 g: 3 g: 2 g exhibited the highest antioxidant activity of 63.21%. These results showed that formulation of black garlic tea with the addition of ginger and rosella flowers could enhance the levels of bioactive components, including total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity.
A Literature Review Of Nanocarrier Development Through Emulsification Diffusion Method (Edm)
Authors: Arafat Md Yeasin , Nijhu Rajia Sultana
Published: February 2025

An overview of the development of nanocarriers is presented in this work using the practical technique of the Emulsification Diffusion Method (EDM). The field of nanomedicine, which combines nanotechnology and medicine, involves creating new therapeutic and diagnostic modalities by employing precisely designed substances with this range of lengths. Many medicinal products and diagnostic tools based on nanoparticles have been developed. The emulsification-diffusion method (EDM) was utilized to prepare nanometer-sized particles, which are commonly used as polymeric carriers. The process involves emulsifying a drug and polymer solution in an aqueous phase that has been saturated with stabilizers and then adding an excessive amount of water.  Investigations into how process variables affect the average size of nanoparticles have been carried out. It was made apparent that the kind and concentrations of stabilizer, the speed at which the magnetic stirrer homogenizes, and the polymer concentration all affected the size of the nanoparticles. Additionally, the medications integrated into nanocarriers have a longer half-life in circulation, which boosts their effectiveness and allows for a lower application dose. Because of their small size and high surface area, drug nanocarriers are also more bioavailable and soluble, which allows their many atoms and high surface energy to act as catalysts. Keywords: Nanocarrier,Diffusion,Bioavailability,Solubility,Catalysts.
Development of Foundation Formulation From Eggshells as Anti UV Agent
Authors: Putri Salsa Davincy , Mardhiani Yanni Dhiani , Adiyati Rum Ira
Published: February 2025

Foundation often contains anti-UV filters whether synthetic or natural. One of the natural ingredients that can be used as an anti-UV agent is eggshells because they contain calcium carbonate. This study aim to develop foundation as cosmetic preparation containing of duck eggshells and Moringa seed oil (Moringa oleifera Lam.)  for anti-UV agent. The combination of duck eggshell and moringa seed oil is carried out with the hypothesis can increase the ability of the preparation to protect the skin from exposure to solar radiation. Foundation preparation were made in 6 formulas with varying concentrations of duck eggshells and moringa seed oil. Evaluation of the preparations carried out included organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and color dispersion for 28 days at room temperature, freeze thaw stability test for 6 cycles, and anti-UV activity were carried out using spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The results of the evaluation were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA method. Based on the results of physical evaluation analysis, all formulas showed stable foundation preparations.  All preparations showed a non-irritative category after an irritation test on test animals (albino rabbits). Anti-UV activity with an average SPF value for F0 was 4,2±0,29 (minimal category), F1 was 18.75±1.41 (ultra category), F2 13.68±0.73 (maximum category), F3 14.00±0.46 (maximum category), F413.02±0.47 (maximum category), and F5 18.14±0.31 (ultra category). Keywords: Eggshells, moringa seed oil, cosmetic foundation, SPF
Towards Standardized Hydration Testing Protocols for Natural Product-Based Nanoemulgel Moisturizers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Iskandar Benni , Eka Saputri Nst Sandry , Inggrid. P Debora , Ami Sari Rosi , Pulpa Susila Afriani
Published: February 2025

The growing complexity of moisturizer formulations, particularly those incorporating natural product-based nanoemulgels, highlights an urgent need for standardized efficacy evaluation methods. This systematic review critically examines hydration testing methodologies used for natural ingredient-based nanoemulgel moisturizers, with a focus on their validity, reliability, and practical application. Through a comprehensive analysis of 32 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2023, this study identified several key limitations in current practices, including inconsistent testing conditions, the absence of standardized protocols for assessing natural ingredients, and variability in reporting methods. The findings emphasize the necessity of developing robust, standardized hydration testing protocols tailored specifically for natural product-based nanoemulgels. By addressing these challenges, this study lays the groundwork for optimizing nanoemulgel formulations, ensuring reliable efficacy assessments, and enhancing consumer trust in natural-based skincare products. Keyword: Moisturizer, Nanoemulgel, Natural Product
Kajian Literatur: Fungsi Propilen Glikol sebagai Humektan Terhadap Sifat Fisik Sediaan Semisolid
Authors: Zendrato Rizki Sepridayanti , Elfiyani Rahmah , Khaira Nursal Fith
Published: February 2025

Propilen glikol merupakan senyawa yang berperan sebagai humektan dalam sediaan semisolid gel , emulgel dan krim. Humektan mempengaruhi sifat fisik sediaan seperti homogenitas, daya lekat, daya sebar dan viskositas. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dan mengkaji penelitian terkait peran penting propilen glikol sebagai humektan terhadap sifat fisik sediaan semisolid. Metode yang dilakukan adalah narrative review terhadap jurnal yang terbit secara nasional dan internasional dalam waktu 10 tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini menggunakan jurnal yang tersedia secara online di Google, Google Schoolar, Science Direct, Pubmed dan MDPI. Kriteria inklusi: literatur yang digunakan berupa jurnal internasional dan nasional, jurnal fulltext yang terbit pada rentang tahun 2013-2022, propilen glikol sebagai humektan dalam sediaan semisolid. Kriteria eksklusi meliputi jurnal review, tidak fulltext, tidak membahas propilen glikol sebagai humektan dan penggunaan kombinasi humektan lainnya. Dari hasil pencarian literatur diperoleh 37 artikel yang dapat digunakan. Rentang konsentrasi propilen glikol yang digunakan 0,025%-21% pada sediaan yang sama. Peran daya lekat humektan propilen glikol dengan konsentrasi 15% lebih besar pada sediaan emulgel dibandingkan dengan gel, sedangkan daya sebar humektan propilen glikol (10% dan 15%) lebih besar pada gel diikuti oleh krim dan yang terkecil adalah pada sediaan emulgel. Peran propilen glikol (15%) pada sediaan krim menunjukkan nilai viskositas yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan gel sehingga propilen glikol memiliki peran sifat fisik yang berbeda pada sediaan semisolid. Simpulan kajian literatur ini adalah bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi propilen glikol dalam formula menurunkan viskositas sediaan sehingga nilai daya sebar semakin meningkat.
Pengaruh Probiotik Terhadap Karakteristik dan Stabilitas Fisik Serum NLC Koenzim Q10
Authors: Rohmah Habibatur , Dwi Pratiwi Elasari , Dita Mayangsari Fransisca
Published: February 2025

Probiotik merupakan mikroorganisme yang memiliki sifat antioksidan yang dapatberperan sebagai anti aging dan memperbaiki skin barrier. Penelitian tentangpenggunaan probitok masih minim dilakukan, sehingga pada penelitian ini probiotikdiformulasikan kedalam sediaan serum NLC Koenzim Q10 sebagai second activeingredient. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi kosentrasiprobiotik terhadap serum yang mengandung NLC Koenzim Q10 terhadap karakteristikdan stabilitas fisik. Variasi konsentrasi probiotik yang diamati yaitu 0% (F0), 2% (F1)dan 6% (F2). NLC Koenzim Q10 dibuat dengan High Shear Homogenization,selanjutnya dicampur dengan basis serum dan probiotik. Setelah itu, dilakukankarakteristik dan stabilitas fisik secara real-time selama 12 minggu dengan parameterorganoleptis, homogenitas, pH dan viskositas. Hasil pengujian karakteristik fisikmenunjukkan bahwa ketiga formula memiliki warna, bentuk dan homogenitas yangsama. F0 memiliki aroma khas lemak seperti NLC, sedangkan F1 dan F2 memilikiaroma asam khas probiotik. Nilai pH dan viskositas F0 lebih tinggi dibandingkan F1 danF2, namun masih memenuhi spesifikasi yang ditetapkan. Pengujian stabilitas fisikmenunjukkan bahwa ketiga formula tetap stabil pada aspek warna, bentuk, danhomogenitas. Namun, aroma pada F1 dan F2 semakin intens, pH mengalamipenurunan dan viskositas mengalami peningkatan. Dengan demikian, dapatdisimpulkan bahwa probiotik mempengaruhi aroma pH dan viskositas, tetapi tidakmempengaruhi warna, bentuk, dan homogenitas sediaan.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Krim Ekstrak Jamur Sawit (Volvariella sp) sebagai Tabir Surya dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Basis Lemak Tengkawang dan Lemak Cokelat
Authors: Prehatin Chrisbaningrum , Butarbutar Maria Elvina Tresia , Sianturi Sister , Fernandes Andrian
Published: February 2025

Jamur sawit merupakan bahan alam yang mengandung senyawa antioksidan sangat kuat, yaitu 19,14 bpj, sehingga memiliki potensi sebagai tabir surya. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas ekstrak jamur sawit sebagai tabir surya dengan menentukan nilai SPF yang diformulasikan menjadi sediaan krim dengan variasi konsentrasi lemak tengkawang dan lemak cokelat. Metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis digunakan untuk menentukan nilai SPF krim ekstrak jamur sawit. Diuji nilai SPF 7 formula dan diperoleh 3 formula terbaik, yaitu F1 (1,9305), F5 (1,6487), dan F7 (1,7906) untuk selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi mutu fisik. Pada uji pH, F1, F5, dan F7 memenuhi persyaratan pH kulit, yaitu 4,5-6,5, dasil statistik pH diperoleh p>0,05 menunjukan tidak terdapat perbedaan pada variasi konsentrasi terhadap nilai pH. Pada uji viskositas F1, F5, dan F7 memenuhi persyaratan sediaan krim, yaitu 2.000-50.000 cPs. Pada uji daya sebar F1, F5, dan F7 tidak memenuhi persyaratan sediaan krim, yaitu 5-7 cm. Pada uji daya lekat tidak memenuhi persyaratan waktu daya lekat krim, yaitu <4 detik. Hasil viskositas diperoleh adanya perbedaan pada F1, F5, dan F7 dengan nilai p<0,05. Nilai signifikansi tersebut dapat diartikan adanya pengaruh variasi konsentrasi basis terhadap nilai viskositas.
Study of Fiqh Aulawiyat on Celibacy and Childfree in the Reality of Social Life
Authors: Nahdhiyyah Husnun
Published: February 2025

Celibacy or in Arabic is called tabattul (being celibate forever) is defined as a person's attitude not to commit themselves to a sexual relationship, while Childfree is a person's decision not to have children in their life for certain reasons. If someone is faced with a case that allows childfree and celibacy, which is the main thing in the jurisprudence of aulawiyyat. The method used in this research is library research or what is usually called Library Research with a comparative approach. The research results show that the study of Fiqh Aulawwiyat can prioritize childfree over celibacy because one of the impacts of celibacy can be eliminated by implementing the sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, namely marriage. However, prioritizing childfree over celibacy does not mean that the author fully supports the practice of childfree, but it is better to avoid both problems and prioritize legal marriage and living out one's nature as a human being.
Fiqih Siyasah Prinsip-Prinsip Fiqih Siyasah dalam Konstitusi Republik Indonesia
Authors: Shofiyah Roidatus , Samuji  , Yulianis M. Sifa Fauzi , Murniati Dewi , Abdul Majid Amir Bandar
Published: February 2025

Artikel ini membahas tentang implementasi prinsip-prinsip fiqih siyasah dalam Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut merujuk pada penggunaan hukum Islam dalam mengatur masalah-masalah politik dan pemerintahan. Tulisan ini menelusuri bagaimana prinsip-prinsip tersebut tercermin dalam sistem hukum Indonesia yang mencakup berbagai aspek seperti keadilan sosial, moralitas publik, dan tata kelola pemerintahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumenter dan studi pustaka. Data utama yang dikumpulkan adalah teks konstitusi Republik Indonesia, terutama fokus pada pasal-pasal yang berkaitan dengan prinsip-prinsip fiqih siyasah. Dengan menganalisis teks konstitusi serta pandangan para ahli, artikel ini menunjukkan relevansi dan aplikasi prinsip-prinsip fiqih siyasah dalam konteks hukum positif Indonesia saat ini.
Comparison of Takhshish al-Qadla on Legal Sanctions for Violation of Marital Law: A Study in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore
Authors: Ulya Nanda Himmatul
Published: February 2025

Family law reform in Muslim countries has been carried out since the 7th century until now. The aim is to respond to the development of the times and the concept of classical fiqh which is considered less accommodating in answering current family problems. This study aims to understand the form of takhshish al-qadla in applying sanctions to the Marriage Law in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. This article is a library research using a comparative approach. The primary legal materials in this study are Law No. 16 of 2019 in conjunction with Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, KHI, Enakmen of the Islamic Family Law of Negeri Sembilan 2003 No. 11, and Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966 (2020 revised edition). The analysis results show that the marriage laws in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore contain legal sanctions for citizens who violate these rules. Comparison of the three countries, namely: 1) Indonesia, there are 6 elements included in the criminal provisions with a penalty of a fine of IDR 7,500 or 3 months imprisonment. 2) Enakmen of the Islamic Family Law of Malaysia, 8 provisions included in the penalty section with a maximum fine of RM 1,000 or imprisonment of 6 to 1-year maximum. 3) Singapore in AMLA 1996 (2020 revised edition) imposes sanctions on 6 violations of marriage rules with a maximum fine of $ 500 (five hundred Singapore dollars) or imprisonment for a period of not more than 6, 12 months to 3 years. The legal sanctions contained in the marriage rules in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore are a form of bakhshish al-qadla carried out by the government to provide legal certainty and threats to comply with the rules, norms, and regulations in force in a country.
Hadis Menuntut Ilmu Bagi Wanita sebagai Refleksi Kesetaraan Gender dalam Kajian Hukum Islam
Authors: Wakia Nurul , Ahmad La Ode Ismail , Sakka Abdul Rahman
Published: February 2025

Menuntut ilmu memberikan peluang bagi wanita untuk berbagi pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang agama serta kearifan sosial. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan keimanan, mendukung kemajuan sosial, berkontribusi dalam berbagai bidang yang bermanfaat bagi umat, dan menjadikan wanita sebagai teladan penting bagi generasi penerus. Secara spesifik, artikel ini membahas kedudukan dan kewajiban menuntut ilmu bagi wanita berdasarkan hadis Rasulullah saw., refleksi wanita dalam menuntut ilmu, serta perannya dalam kehidupan sosial menurut pandangan Rasulullah saw. Artikel ini disusun menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif berbasis studi pustaka, dengan sumber utama berupa literatur yang relevan dengan fokus penelitian. Pendekatan tematik digunakan untuk memahami hadis mengenai kewajiban menuntut ilmu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan bagi wanita dalam Islam merupakan kewajiban yang setara dengan pria, berlandaskan ajaran agama yang menempatkan ilmu sebagai fondasi keimanan dan ketakwaan. Nabi Muhammad saw. menekankan pentingnya ilmu bagi setiap Muslim tanpa memandang gender, menjadikannya sarana utama untuk pemahaman agama dan peningkatan peran sosial.
IMPLEMENTASI HUKUM ISLAM DALAM PENETAPAN HAK ASUH ANAK PASCA PERCERAIAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nurfaika Ishak  , Kurniati  , Misbahuddin  , Muammar M. Bakry  , Abd. Rauf M. Amin
Published: February 2025

Hak asuh anak merupakan salah satu aspek krusial dalam kasus perceraian, yang sering kali menjadi sengketa antara pasangan suami istri yang berpisah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana hukum Islam mengatur hak asuh anak dan bagaimana implementasinya dalam putusan Pengadilan Agama di Indonesia melalui pendekatan sosiologis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka (library research) yang bersumber pada Al-Qur‘an dan Hadis, serta berbagai karya ilmiah yang relevan mengenai penetapan hak asuh anak pasca perceraian berdasarkan penegakan dan pengamalan hukum Islam di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam Islam, hak asuh anak umumnya diberikan kepada ibu. Namun, implementasinya di Pengadilan Agama tidak selalu demikian, hak asuh anak dapat diberikan kepada ayah berdasarkan pertimbangan tertentu. Keputusan hakim dalam menetapkan hak asuh anak mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor dengan tujuan utama melindungi kepentingan dan kesejahteraan anak. Sebagai korban perceraian, anak membutuhkan perlindungan, perhatian, dan kasih sayang dari kedua orang tua agar dapat tumbuh dengan layak serta terhindar dari dampak psikologis yang merugikan. Dengan demikian, penetapan hak asuh anak tidak hanya berpedoman pada teks normatif, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan aspek kemaslahatan anak (mashlahah al-thifl) sebagai prinsip utama.
Peranan Raja Faisal Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud dalam Mempertahankan Kedaulatan Wilayah Palestina (1930-1975)
Authors: Diman Muhammad Wardiman , Susmihara  , Suraya Rasyid  , Abu Haif
Published: February 2025

This research studies the role of a figure titled "The Role of King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz in Defendingthe Sovereignty of the Palestinian Territory (1930-1975)". King Faisal is a leader of the State of SaudiArabia who has made various efforts to liberate Palestine from Jewish occupation. This researchincludes historical research using heuristics, source criticism, interpretation stages, and historiography.The results of this research showed that the efforts made by King Faisal were in the form of greetingfriends from Arab countries to help the Palestinian people in their struggle to defend their territory.Other efforts carry out political diplomacy through various channels, such as the PBB, OKI,Rabitahah al-Alam al-Islami, OPEC (The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), andmaking direct contact with organizational leaders in Palestine. Apart from that, King Faisal alsoprovided financial assistance and weapons to Palestine. Therefore, King Faisal is an Islamic figurefrom Saudi Arabia who has an important role in defending the sovereignty of the Palestinian territory.
Sulfuro de hidrógeno: de gas tóxico a molécula necesaria para vivir
Authors: Aroca Aguilar Angeles , Gotor Cecilia
Published: February 2025

El sulfuro de hidrógeno siempre se ha considerado un gas nocivo. Sin embargo, investigaciones recientes han desvelado sus propiedades bioquímicas beneficiosas y su papel como molécula de señalización en numerosos procesos fisiológicos y patológicos tanto en animales como en plantas. Diversos estudios demuestran el papel protector del sulfuro de hidrógeno frente al estrés oxidativo; y tanto en sistemas animales como vegetales se ha descrito que el sulfuro de hidrógeno está implicado en la regulación de la autofagia, cuyo mecanismo de acción subyacente es la persulfuración de dianas específicas, con el objetivo de promover la supervivencia del organismo.
¿Animales o vegetales? Entre la magia y el colocón
Authors: Claros Díaz M. Gonzalo
Published: February 2025

¿Quién no recuerda que la preparación peliculera de una poción mágica lleva componentes aparentemete indigestos como lengua de serpiente, diente de león, oreja de liebre, uña de gato o diente de dragón? ¿O que le añadan rocío y escarcha? Sin embargo, no se están echando trozos de animales, sino plantas con metabolitos interesantes para la magia, la hechicería, la brujería e incluso la medicina. Vamos a conocer qué son algunas de ellas, por qué se llaman así, qué huella nos han dejado en el idioma y otras anécdotas inesperadas para no acabar estresado y agobiado a partes iguales.
Fijación biológica de nitrógeno: una forma sostenible de producir alimentos
Authors: Esquinas Ariza Rosa María , Román Fernández Ángela , Matamoros Galindo Manuel
Published: February 2025

Resumen: El nitrógeno gas o dinitrógeno (N2) constituye aproximadamente el 78% del aire, pero no puede ser utilizado por la mayoría de los organismos. Solamente las formas oxidadas como el nitrato (NO3-) o reducidas como el amonio (NH4+) son asimilables por las plantas. Un gran número de leguminosas son capaces de establecer simbiosis con bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno presentes en el suelo, conocidas genéricamente como rizobios, lo que les permite reducir el N2 a amonio en los nódulos. La fijación biológica de nitrógeno puede ser una alternativa al uso de fertilizantes industriales, cuya producción es un proceso costoso y conlleva múltiples problemas medioambientales, como la emisión de gases que causan el efecto invernadero y la contaminación de los suelos y del agua.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Biobased Grease Derived from Chemically Modified Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Sankarannair Sabarinath , Prasannakumar Pranav , Padil Vinod Vt , Gayathri Sabarinadh Baburaj , Babu Appu , Gopal Aswin , Rajasekharan Akash
Published: February 2025

As the global population rises, the dependency on edible oils also rises. The used oil possesses environmental concerns due to improper waste oil disposal. This study emphasises the feasibility of repurposing waste cooking oil (WCO) for eco-friendly lubricating grease production, emphasising enhanced stability and performance through chemical modifications. Chemical modifications, primarily transesterification, enhance the oxidative stability and chemical properties of WCO. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analyse the fatty acid profile, and the hot oil oxidation test (HOOT) assesses the oxidative characteristics of WCO. The formulated grease using WCO undergoes tribological testing and penetration value testing. Results indicate post-transesterification improvements in chemical and oxidative stability, with lowered acid and peroxide values. Modified waste cooking oil (MWCO) exhibits enhanced thermal stability with higher flash and fire points. Viscosity results suggest the potential of MWCO as a lubricant with superior oxidative stability. Tribological properties reveal an improved characteristic value for MWCO, establishing its potential as an eco-friendly grease. Cone penetration tests categorise the formulated grease as NLGI grade 2, indicating a softer consistency with potential advantages for specific applications. The findings offer insights into the sustainable development of the lubricant industry, presenting MWCO as a promising alternative to conventional lubricants.
Our Everyday Food and Consumer Behaviour
Authors: Boşteoca Patricia-Suzana , Oniţiu Atalia
Published: February 2025

This study explores the relationship between food labelling and consumer behaviour, with the primary aim of identifying the factors influencing food choices and evaluating the impact of education level and gender on the consultation of labels. The methodology involved data collection through a questionnaire distributed on Facebook, ensuring a varied geographic and demographic coverage. The results revealed significant differences in food choice behaviour influenced by area of residence and gender, with important criteria such as price and packaging appearance. A significant association was found between education level and the criteria for selecting products, and no notable differences were identified in label consultation between men and women. Contrary to the formulated hypothesis, there was no evidence that the level of education leads to significant difficulties in understanding label information. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing consumer behaviour in the food sector, although limitations related to the online data collection method and sample size may affect the generalisability of the results. Future research could benefit from a larger sample and additional methods to gain more comprehensive and precise insights.
Consideraciones sobre el procedimiento administrativo de provisión de puestos de trabajo del personal funcionario
Authors: Gil Franco Agustín Juan
Published: February 2025

Objetivos: el articulo ofrece herramientas y una reflexión a gestores y responsables de estos procedimientos para que traduzcan en su labor ordinaria los principios jurisprudenciales analizados y facilitar así la concurrencia competitiva y la seguridad jurídica de los participantes en los sistemas de provisión de puestos de trabajo, especialmente en los procedimientos de libre designación. Metodología: se realiza una exposición sistemática de la diversa normativa legal y reglamentaria sobre la materia y la jurisprudencia, tanto del Tribunal Supremo como del Constitucional, que se ha ido consolidando en torno al procedimiento administrativo y el fuerte protagonismo que se ha dado a los principios de subsanabilidad, proporcionalidad y antiformalista en relación con la participación de los interesados en los mismos. Se parte del procedimiento administrativo común y su incidencia en el procedimiento de provisión de puestos y si es posible hablar de un procedimiento administrativo especial. Resultados: a pesar del desarrollo jurisprudencial auspiciando del principio de subsanabilidad, los gestores siguen aplicando un rígido sistema de exclusiones del proceso muy frecuentemente tácitas sin conocimiento de los interesados. Conclusiones: son necesarias medidas legislativas y normativas que apliquen el principio de seguridad jurídica en los participantes en estos procedimientos, sobre todo en los que ofrecen una mayor flexibilidad en la evaluación a la Administración, como es el procedimiento de libre designación, porque se incardinan en los principios del art. 23.2 CE.
Desenvolvimento profissional de professores da Educação Infantil: metapesquisa no campo da formação docente
Authors: Jardim Nayara Macedo de Lima , Araújo Regina Magna Bonifácio de
Published: February 2025

A pesquisa qualitativa apresentada, identificada como metapesquisa, analisou o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores da Educação Infantil no Brasil, utilizando teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e a metodologia de análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Observou-se uma predominância de estudos qualitativos, com variados métodos de coleta de dados, e uma subexploração da região norte. A pesquisa destacou a influência da formação inicial e continuada, os desafios do início da docência e as condições de trabalho, além de identificar uma lacuna na definição do desenvolvimento profissional docente, sugerindo a necessidade de maior atenção às discussões conceituais. Metapesquisas como esta contribuem para o enriquecimento do debate sobre o desenvolvimento profissional docente, sublinhando a importância da reflexão teórica e dos debates na formulação de novos conceitos e categorias.
An Excerpt from Twelve Hours of Light, Twelve of Darkness
Authors: Leech Angus
Published: February 2025

We skittered across landscapes like rocks across pavement, leaving only chalky marks behind to mark our passage, taking with us from each point of contact only a small scar that becomes invisible when wet. [...]
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Authors: Rhodes Emma
Published: February 2025

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Quality of Service Comparison of DSDV and DSR Routing Protocols for V2V Communication in VANET
Authors: Bintoro Ketut bayu yogha , Mukholladun Muhammad Wildan
Published: February 2025

The study evaluates the Quality of Service (QoS) performance of the Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication within a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) environment. Simulations were conducted to analyze key QoS metrics, including throughput, delay, and routing overhead, under various traffic densities and network dynamics. The results reveal that DSR excels in scenarios with rapid topology changes due to its lower routing overhead. At the same time, DSDV provides better route stability in less dynamic conditions, ensuring consistent performance. These findings underscore the importance of matching routing protocols to the specific requirements of V2V applications, such as real-time data exchange or traffic safety, to ensure informed decision-making. The study also highlights the potential for a hybrid protocol that integrates the stability of DSDV with the efficiency of DSR to address diverse VANET challenges and enhance overall QoS performance
Vulnerability Testing and Analysis on Websites and Web-Based Applications in the XYZ Faculty Environment Using Acunetix Vulnerability
Authors: Rahmi Mifthahul , Yunus Yuhandri , Sumijan Sumijan
Published: February 2025

The internet's continuous evolution has profoundly impacted society through the advancement of website technology and applications, reshaping contemporary ways of life. These digital platforms offer unrestricted information access, overcoming spatial and temporal limitations. In the realm of software development, Vulnerability Assessment is essential for producing high-quality products, as seemingly minor errors can create dangerous vulnerabilities that malicious actors may exploit to pilfer information from websites or applications. This study examines the security level of the Integrated website and application within the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas (Fakultas XYZ) environment, utilizing the Acunetix Web Vulnerability Scanner tool. The initial scan revealed a threat level of 3 (high) for the Fakultas XYZ website and level 2 (medium) for the Integrated application. Following a recapitulation process, several web alerts were identified for optimization, including Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Blind SQL Injection, Application error message, HTML form without CSRF protection, Development configuration file, Directory listing, Error message on page, and User credentials sent in clear text. The optimization process involved source code review and enhancement to improve website features. A subsequent scan post-optimization demonstrated a reduction in threat levels for both the website and the UNAND FK Symphony application, with both achieving threat level 1 (low).
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS THE ANTIVIRAL DRUG RIBAVIRIN ANALOGUES MODIFIED ON THE AMIDE GROUP
Authors:   Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Smirnova O.S. , Konstantinova I.D.
Published: February 2025

Ribavirin (1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is a well-known antiviral nucleoside. It has attracted interest for
more than 40 years due to its unique spectrum of activity and still unclear mechanism of action. However, ribavirin has a high systemic
toxicity and teratogenicity. Therefore, the search for new analogs of ribavirin with lower toxicity and high antiviral activity is still
relevant.
Enhancing Arabic Speaking Skills through Classroom Language: A Study at Darul Falah Institute Selangor Malaysia
Authors: Salam Muhammad Bari’us , Maghfurin Ahmad , Nasrullah Faruq Ihsan , Musthofa Abdul Jalil , Masthur Fahmi bin
Published: February 2025

Institute Darul Falah Selangor has minimal practice of using Arabic in daily conversations due to the focus of Institute in memorizing the Qur'an is a factor in the lack of Arabic speaking skills here. Thus, the purpose of this studi is to discover the effectiveness of Classroom Language usage to the students’ speaking skills that are lacking because of it. It study this effectiveness both in students’ speaking skill inside the class and outside the class. This study used quantitative approach. The data collection methods used were observation, tests, and interviews. This study used pre-experimental type of study. Its sampling method is purposive sampling and had the students of upperclassmen as its’ samples. The data findings were analyzed using paired samples T-test on Microsoft excel. The result obtained was that the T score amounted to 5.840 > the T value at a significant level of 0.05 and can be concluded the significance of the impact of using Classroom Language on Arabic speaking skills. Moreover, the impact can also be seen in the increased intensity of Arabic usage in students' daily conversations. Thus, this study helps the development of an evidece-based framework for integrating classroom language strategies into Arabic language curricula and create replicable model for Arabic education studies. However, because this study focused solely on speaking skills within a limited timeframe, future research may explore the effects of classroom language on other skills over a more extended period.
Papel da enfermagem perante aos cuidados paliativos de pacientes oncológicos
Authors: Iberss Ewellin Patricia , Martins Wesley
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Identificar as produções científicas sobre as metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem utilizadas na educação superior em ciências da saúde. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Bireme e google acadêmico, realizada entre abril e setembro de 2024. Foram utilizados os descritores “enfermagem”; “cuidados paliativos”; “oncologia”. Resultados: A amostra final foi composta por dezesseis artigos, os quais descreveram a rotina da equipe de enfermagem mostrando as dificuldades enfrentadas pela mesma ao lidar com pacientes em cuidados paliativos oncológicos. Ao longo da literatura foram citadas principalmente a sobrecarga emocional, dificuldade em lidar com a morte, a relação com a família do paciente e falta de capacitação da equipe. Considerações finais: A equipe de enfermagem apresenta um papel essencial na assistência ao paciente oncológico em cuidados paliativos, mas lidam com falta de preparação emocional e ética.
A influência da alimentação nas fases de crise e remissão da doença de Crohn
Authors: Lemes Maria Isadora , Mattje Amanda da Silva , Borsatto Alessandra , Burille Bernardo Coradi , Cezaro Élen Cristina de , Poglia Manuela Loeff , Da Silva Lucas Bardini , Simon Pedro Henrique Petter , Cabeda Rafaela , Alves Gabriel Cabeda Spalding
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar como diferentes padrões alimentares influenciam as fases de crise e remissão da doença de Crohn. Revisão bibliográfica: A Doença de Crohn (DC) é uma condição inflamatória crônica que afeta o trato gastrointestinal, caracterizando-se por fases de crise e remissão. Nesse sentido, a alimentação exerce papel essencial no manejo dessa doença, impactando diretamente a microbiota intestinal e a resposta inflamatória. Durante as crises, uma dieta equilibrada pode ajudar a mitigar sintomas e evitar o agravamento da inflamação, enquanto na fase de remissão, uma alimentação adequada pode favorecer um ambiente microbiano saudável, reduzindo o risco de recidiva. Considerações Finais: A alimentação é um componente fundamental na gestão da Doença de Crohn. Dietas específicas e bem balanceadas, adaptadas às necessidades de cada fase, não apenas aliviam sintomas durante as crises, mas também fortalecem o organismo para prolongar os períodos de remissão. A inclusão de fibras e alimentos anti-inflamatórios é uma estratégia promissora para estabilizar a microbiota intestinal e reduzir a inflamação, promovendo uma melhor qualidade de vida para os pacientes com DC.
Enfermagem militar: a importância no enfrentamento de grandes tragédias
Authors: Marinho Ingrid Verissimo , Alves Júnior Josivan Soares , Alves Thayse Mota , Raposo Débora Regina Alves , Silva Joyce Kell Sampaio da , Sousa Alex Junior Vieira , Gomes Gabriel Antônio Alves , Valle Lohanny Ingridh Moura , Moreira Hellen Luize Guimarães
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Identificar na produção científica internacional fatores de relevância acerca da importância da enfermagem militar frente a grandes tragédias. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, de abordagem quantitativa e caráter descritivo, registrada na Base Internacional Prospero (CRD42023440317), realizada na base de dados (PubMed), tendo as pesquisas realizadas pelos Medical Subject Headings (MESH): military nursing; military nursing AND military nursing/history; military health AND military nursing e military nursing AND disasters. Para a construção do artigo utilizou-se o roteiro/método PRISMA. No início das pesquisas foram encontrados 1.128 artigos sobre o tema e após a leitura e aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados apenas 28, excluindo 1.100 artigos. Resultados: Evidencia-se que desde o início de guerras e catástrofes, a enfermagem militar está presente, mostrando a necessidade da assistência em cenários de crise, resultando em uma necessidade de adaptação em situações de contrariedade. Considerações finais: Deve-se priorizar o apoio psicológico a estes profissionais antes de enfrentarem situações complexas, já que oferece um risco elevado à saúde mental e provável risco a sua integridade física, por estarem inseridos em contextos de estresse.