bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide sequence data show no evidence of hybridization and introgression among pollinator wasps associated with a community of Panamanian strangler figs
Authors: Satler Jordan D. , Herre Edward Allen , Heath Tracy A. , Machado Carlos A. , Zúñiga Adalberto Gómez , Nason John D.
Published: January 2022

The specificity of pollinator host choice influences opportunities for reproductive isolation in their host plants. Similarly, host plants can influence opportunities for reproductive isolation in their pollinators. For example, in the fig and fig wasp mutualism, offspring of fig pollinator wasps mate inside the inflorescence that the mothers pollinate. Although often host specific, multiple fig pollinator species are sometimes associated with the same fig species, potentially enabling hybridization between wasp species. Here, we study the 19 pollinator species (Pegoscapus spp.) associated with an entire community of 16 Panamanian strangler fig species (Ficus subgenus Urostigma, section Americanae) to determine whether the previously documented history of pollinator host switching and current host sharing predicts genetic admixture among the pollinator species, as has been observed in their host figs. Specifically, we use genome‐wide ultraconserved element (UCE) loci to estimate phylogenetic relationships and test for hybridization and introgression among the pollinator species. In all cases, we recover well‐delimited pollinator species that contain high interspecific divergence. Even among pairs of pollinator species that currently reproduce within syconia of shared host fig species, we found no evidence of hybridization or introgression. This is in contrast to their host figs, where hybridization and introgression have been detected within this community, and more generally, within figs worldwide. Consistent with general patterns recovered among other obligate pollination mutualisms (e.g. yucca moths and yuccas), our results suggest that while hybridization and introgression are processes operating within the host plants, these processes are relatively unimportant within their associated insect pollinators.
Corresponding Changes of Autophagy‐Related Genes and Proteins in Different Stages of Knee Osteoarthritis: An Animal Model Study
Authors: Zhang Shao‐long , Zhang Ke‐shi , Wang Jun‐feng , Wang Yi‐chuan , Zhang Hui , Tang Chong , Pei Zheng , Guan Zhen‐peng
Published: January 2022

Objective

To investigate the effect of autophagy expression levels of different weight‐bearing states and different stages of osteoarthritis in animal models, as well as the corresponding mechanisms.

Methods

We used the male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (12‐week‐old, SPF) to establish the OA animal models by modified Hulth method, and grouped animal models according to the length of time after surgery and different weight‐bearing areas. RT‐qPCR was carried out for detection of autophagy‐related genes such as Atg7, Atg12, P62, etc. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of corresponding autophagy‐related proteins such as LC3B, P62, etc. T test was performed for statistical analysis to compare different groups, while the differences were deemed statistically significant with P < 0.05. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the autophagosome to demonstrate the level of autophagy expression and the status of the chondrocytes.

Results

The results of the RT‐qPCR testing showed that when the weight‐bearing cartilage of the 4‐week group (relatively mild) was compared with that of the 10‐week group (relatively severe), there were statistically significant differences in all the genes tested, in detail: Atg3 (P < 0.01), Atg7 (P < 0.01), Atg12 (P < 0.01), P62 (P < 0.0001). The expression of autophagy‐related mRNA in the 4‐week group is increased compared with that of the 10‐week group. As for the expression of proteins, Western blotting showed that in the comparison between the 4‐ and the 10‐week groups, statistically significant results include Atg12 (P < 0.01) in the non‐weight‐bearing area, with decreased autophagy in the 10‐week group compared with that of the 4‐week group, while expression of LC3B (P < 0.05) protein was significantly higher in the 4‐week group than in the control in the non‐weight‐bearing area. The expression of LC3B (P < 0.0001) and P62 (P < 0.05) in the 10‐week group were higher than that of the control. Transmission electron microscope showed that autophagy in the weight‐bearing area is stronger than that in the non‐weight‐bearing area, and autophagy in the 4‐week group is stronger than in the 10‐week group for the weight‐bearing area.

Conclusions

The expression of autophagy varies during different stages of osteoarthritis, in which the autophagy is stronger in the early stage of osteoarthritis, and gradually decreases with the progression of the disease. Autophagy in different weight‐bearing areas may also be different.
An overview of coming out research: Introducing a three‐lens typology
Authors: Sandler Elisabeth Theresa
Published: January 2022

Coming out is a fast‐growing global research area with numerous interdisciplinary publications dedicated to its exploration. To contribute to a more organised and concise way of understanding this rapidly expanding field, I introduce a three‐lens typology. Based on the systematic categorisation of over 700 publications, coming out research can be viewed via the following three lenses: (1) the different social institutions in which individuals come out, (2) to whom individuals come out, and (3) the content of individuals' coming out. The identified lenses focus on ‘coming out in’, ‘coming out to’ and ‘coming out as’, which adds to current conceptual understandings of ‘coming out into’ and ‘coming out of’. Further, lens 3 demonstrates another usage shift of the coming out terminology. The concept of coming out originally was used outside of sexuality contexts and currently is being used more broadly again. However, in contrast to its original meaning, the new areas of application (e.g., fatness, atheism, illness) are still linked to conceptualisations and experiences of non‐normativity. This publication assists students, scholars, and practitioners with navigating the extensive amount of coming out literature. It further illustrates the potential and challenges of coming out research and points towards the future—the if, how and what—of this field.
Investigación y formación de docentes en español como lengua extranjera: teoría y práctica
Authors: Agray-Vargas Nancy , Cortés Claudia , Figueredo Acosta Zaide , Alfonso García Daniel , Martín Alonso Begoña , Mejía Laguna Jorge Andrés , Pulido Rodríguez Constanza , Reyes Rincón Javier , Rico Troncoso Carlos , Rojas Fierro Ana María , Sánchez Amézquita William Enrique
Published: January 2022

Este libro está dirigido a todos los interesados en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras y en la formación de docentes de lenguas, en particular, del español como lengua extranjera (ELE). Su objetivo es establecer y valorar las relaciones entre teoría y práctica por su aporte a la coherencia en el trabajo académico. Además de proponer novedosas perspectivas en aspectos como la metodología, la didáctica, el diseño de materiales y la evaluación, los trabajos aquí reunidos problematizan los lugares comunes, a partir de nuevas formas de considerar la gramática, la interculturalidad o el diseño curricular. De esta manera, convergen varias posturas teóricas que configuran expresiones paradigmáticas en las que la construcción de una visión más amplia y heterogénea de la disciplina le permitirá a los profesores, en ejercicio o en formación, adaptarse e innovar en un campo cada vez más competitivo.
Toward Swarm Manufacturing: Architecting a Cooperative 3D Printing System
Authors: Poudel Laxmi , Marques Lucas Galvan , Williams Robert Austin , Hyden Zachary , Guerra Pablo , Fowler Oliver Luke , Sha Zhenghui , Zhou Wenchao
Published: January 2022

Swarm manufacturing is a new paradigm for distributed manufacturing, where each factory uses an army of mobile manufacturing robots working together to manufacture desired products. It focuses on building factories within a local supply chain, where multiple products can be produced to meet changing customer demand from mass manufacturing to on-demand production of customized products. Cooperative 3D printing (C3DP) is a primitive form of swarm manufacturing, where multiple mobile 3D printing robots work together cooperatively to print the desired part, representing a major step toward enabling swarm manufacturing. At the core of C3DP lies the chunk-based printing strategy. This strategy splits the desired part into small chunks. The chunks are then assigned and scheduled to be printed by individual printing robots. In our previous work, we presented various hardware and software components of C3DP, such as mobile 3D printers, chunk-based slicing, scheduling, and simulation. This paper presents a fully integrated and functional C3DP platform with all necessary components and outlines how they work in unison from a system-level perspective. Specifically, the new architecture of hardware and software includes a set of new chunking strategies, a scalable scheduler for multi-robot printing, a SCARA-based printing robot, a mobile platform for robot transportation, a system of modular floor tiles, and a charging station for the mobile platform. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of the system using two case studies with successful large-scale prints.
Load Coefficients and Dimensions of Raschel Knitted Netting Materials in Fish Farms
Authors: Føre Heidi Moe , Endresen Per Christian , Bjelland Hans V.
Published: January 2022

New types of fish farms are often larger and structurally more complex than conventional fish farming structures, and associated challenges concerning safety and costs increase correspondingly. Thus, increased precision in structural design is required, with estimation of hydrodynamic loads on nets as an important topic. Today, both load coefficients for nets and measured netting dimensions are given with relatively high uncertainties. New knowledge for netting materials with high solidities as well as scaled netting commonly applied in model tests is included in the presented study. Results from towing tests and the development of a new mathematical expression for local drag coefficients (for netting twines) indicate that drag coefficients are not only dependent on solidity and Reynolds number, but may also be affected by the velocity reduction and the local velocity at the twines.
Acoustic Wave Splitting and Wave Trapping Designs
Authors: Su Yu-Chi , Ko Li-Heng
Published: January 2022

Acoustic metasurfaces use the phase gradient of a single layer to reflect/refract waves in any direction. This study shows that other than wave steering, acoustic metasurfaces can exhibit wave splitting or trapping through the geometry design. Previous studies focused on the generalized Snell’s law when developing metasurfaces and attempted to prevent wave leakages. On the contrary, this study exploits the periodicity of metasurfaces to accomplish acoustic wave splitting, which leads to a similar concept to metagrating. For acoustic wave trapping, we show that through proper arrangements, an acoustic wave can be localized in a specific region without using any boundaries based on the generalized Snell’s law. A design formula is provided to trap waves from any incident angle or at any frequency. The analytical and numerical results are in good agreement, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed concept for wave splitting and trapping. This study shows the versatile applications of acoustic metasurfaces and is useful for interferometry and energy harvesting.
Prediction of sound transmission loss of cylindrical acoustic enclosure using statistical energy analysis and its experimental validation
Authors: Gupta Pavan , Parey Anand
Published: January 2022

In the present work, the sound transmission through a cylindrical shape acoustic enclosure is predicted analytically and verified experimentally. An analytical model is developed, based on the statistical energy analysis (SEA) approach, to examine the transmission loss of a cylindrical acoustic enclosure in different frequency regions, including the low-, intermediate-, and high-frequency ranges. In the developed model, the nonresonant wave response is included in addition to consideration of the resonant response for obtaining more accurate results. It is demonstrated that the developed SEA formulation in this work can compute the resonant as well as the nonresonant sound transmission of the cylindrical acoustic enclosure separately. To validate the analytical model, an experimental setup was developed, and the sound transmission loss of a cylindrical acoustic enclosure was measured using the sound intensity experimental technique. It was found that the analytical results are in good agreement with the measured transmission loss, especially at the panel ring and critical frequencies. The results obtained indicate that the proposed analytical model is efficient to predict the sound transmission loss of cylindrical acoustic enclosures.
Parallel evolution of a splicing program controlling neuronal excitability in flies and mammals
Authors: Torres-Méndez Antonio , Pop Sinziana , Bonnal Sophie , Almudi Isabel , Avola Alida , Roberts Ruairí J. V. , Paolantoni Chiara , Alcaina-Caro Ana , Martín-Anduaga Ane , Haussmann Irmgard U. , Morin Violeta , Casares Fernando , Soller Matthias , Kadener Sebastian , Roignant Jean-Yves , Prieto-Godino Lucia , Irimia Manuel
Published: January 2022

Alternative splicing increases neuronal transcriptomic complexity throughout animal phylogeny. To delve into the mechanisms controlling the assembly and evolution of this regulatory layer, we characterized the neuronal microexon program in
Drosophila
and compared it with that of mammals. In nonvertebrate bilaterians, this splicing program is restricted to neurons by the posttranscriptional processing of the
enhancer of microexons
(eMIC) domain in
Srrm234
. In
Drosophila
, this processing is dependent on regulation by Elav/Fne. eMIC deficiency or misexpression leads to widespread neurological alterations largely emerging from impaired neuronal activity, as revealed by a combination of neuronal imaging experiments and cell type–specific rescues. These defects are associated with the genome-wide skipping of short neural exons, which are strongly enriched in ion channels. We found no overlap of eMIC-regulated exons between flies and mice, illustrating how ancient posttranscriptional programs can evolve independently in different phyla to affect distinct cellular modules while maintaining cell-type specificity.
Metal-free carbocatalyst for room temperature acceptorless dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles
Authors: Hu Haitao , Nie Yunqing , Tao Yuewen , Huang Wenyu , Qi Long , Nie Renfeng
Published: January 2022

Catalytic dehydrogenation enables reversible hydrogen storage in liquid organics as a critical technology to achieve carbon neutrality. However, oxidant or base-free catalytic dehydrogenation at mild temperatures remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a metal-free carbocatalyst, nitrogen-assembly carbons (NCs), for acceptorless dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles even at ambient temperature, showing greater activity than transition metal–based catalysts. Mechanistic studies indicate that the observed catalytic activity of NCs is because of the unique closely placed graphitic nitrogens (CGNs), formed by the assembly of precursors during the carbonization process. The CGN site catalyzes the activation of C─H bonds in N-heterocycles to form labile C─H bonds on catalyst surface. The subsequent facile recombination of this surface hydrogen to desorb H
2
allows the NCs to work without any H-acceptor. With reverse transfer hydrogenation of various N-heterocycles demonstrated in this work, these NC catalysts, without precious metals, exhibit great potential for completing the cycle of hydrogen storage.
Unconventional interlayer exchange coupling via chiral phonons in synthetic magnetic oxide heterostructures
Authors: Jeong Seung Gyo , Kim Jiwoong , Seo Ambrose , Park Sungkyun , Jeong Hu Young , Kim Young-Min , Lauter Valeria , Egami Takeshi , Han Jung Hoon , Choi Woo Seok
Published: January 2022

Chiral symmetry breaking of phonons plays an essential role in emergent quantum phenomena owing to its strong coupling to spin degree of freedom. However, direct experimental evidence of the chiral phonon–spin coupling is lacking. In this study, we report a chiral phonon–mediated interlayer exchange interaction in atomically controlled ferromagnetic metal (SrRuO
3
)–nonmagnetic insulator (SrTiO
3
) heterostructures. Owing to the unconventional interlayer exchange interaction, we have observed rotation of spins as a function of nonmagnetic insulating spacer thickness, resulting in a spin spiral state. The chiral phonon–spin coupling is further confirmed by phonon Zeeman effect. The existence of the chiral phonons and their interplay with spins along with our atomic-scale heterostructure approach unveil the crucial roles of chiral phonons in magnetic materials.
Mesothelin-specific CAR-T cell therapy that incorporates an HLA-gated safety mechanism selectively kills tumor cells
Authors: Tokatlian Talar , Asuelime Grace E , Mock Jee-Young , DiAndreth Breanna , Sharma Shruti , Toledo Warshaviak Dora , Daris Mark E , Bolanos Kristian , Luna Breanna L , Naradikian Martin S , Deshmukh Kiran , Hamburger Agnes E , Kamb Alexander
Published: January 2022

Background

Mesothelin (MSLN) is a classic tumor-associated antigen that is expressed in lung cancer and many other solid tumors. However, MSLN is also expressed in normal mesothelium which creates a significant risk of serious inflammation for MSLN-directed therapeutics. We have developed a dual-receptor (Tmod™) system that exploits the difference between tumor and normal tissue in a subset of patients with defined heterozygous gene loss (LOH) in their tumors.

Methods

T cells engineered with the MSLN CAR Tmod construct described here contain (1) a novel MSLN-activated CAR and (2) an HLA-A*02-gated inhibitory receptor (blocker). A*02 binding is intended to override T-cell cytotoxicity, even in the presence of MSLN. The Tmod system is designed to treat heterozygous HLA class I patients, selected for HLA LOH. When A*02 is absent from tumors selected for LOH, the MSLN Tmod cells are predicted to mediate potent killing of the MSLN(+)A*02(−) malignant cells.

Results

The sensitivity of the MSLN Tmod cells is comparable with a benchmark MSLN CAR-T that was active but toxic in the clinic. Unlike MSLN CAR-T cells, the Tmod system robustly protects surrogate “normal” cells even in mixed-cell populations in vitro and in a xenograft model. The MSLN CAR can also be paired with other HLA class I blockers, supporting extension of the approach to patients beyond A*02 heterozygotes.

Conclusions

The Tmod mechanism exemplified by the MSLN CAR Tmod construct provides an alternative route to leverage solid-tumor antigens such as MSLN in safer, more effective ways than previously possible.
Articular manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases treated with anti-TNF
Authors: Cachen Laurie , Nocturne Gaetane , Collins Michael , Meyer Antoine , Gleizes Aude , Hacein-Bey-Abina Salima , Carbonnel Franck , Mariette Xavier , Seror Raphaele
Published: January 2022

Objective

To describe and identify factors associated with articular manifestations occurring in patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

Methods

Retrospective monocentric study, including all patients who received an anti-TNF for an IBD in our hospital. All incident articular manifestations occurring during treatment were analysed. Characteristics of patients with paradoxical articular manifestations were compared with that of patients without inflammatory articular manifestations.

Results

Between February 2013 and May 2017, we identified 442 patients (36.2±15 years, 50.5% men) who had ever received an anti-TNF for an IBD: Crohn’s disease (n=277), ulcerative colitis (n=154) and undetermined colitis (n=11). 115 (26%) patients developed new articular manifestations after a mean of 20 (±22) months of treatment. Among them, 59 (13.3%) had inflammatory manifestations: paradoxical in 39%, concomitant of an IBD flare in 27%, linked to an immunisation against anti-TNF in 27% and 7% to another diagnosis. Among paradoxical articular manifestations, 19 (83%) were new articular symptoms, including 8 (35%) de novo spondyloarthritis. There were no predictive factors of paradoxical articular manifestation. Paradoxical manifestations spontaneously resolved in 16 (70%) patients despite continuation of anti-TNF.

Conclusion

Inflammatory articular manifestations occurred in about 13% of patients treated with anti-TNF for IBD. More than a quarter were linked to an immunisation against anti-TNF, which has to be searched in this situation. About 40% were paradoxical. In most of cases, they were transitory and did not require anti-TNFs discontinuation.
Risk factors for herpes zoster in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with JAK inhibitor: a nested case–control study
Authors: Song Yeo-Jin , Cho Soo-Kyung , Kim Hyoungyoung , Kim Hye Won , Nam Eunwoo , Choi Chan-Bum , Kim Tae-Hwan , Jun Jae-Bum , Bae Sang-Cheol , Yoo Dae Hyun , Sung Yoon-Kyoung
Published: January 2022

Objective

To determine the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis).

Methods

We performed a nested case–control study with 1:10 matching for sex and age using single-centre prospective cohorts of patients with RA receiving targeted therapy in Korea. Then we performed conditional logistic regression analyses to determine the risk associated with JAKi use compared with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) use, with adjusting for various factors. We also used logistic regression analysis to identify other risk factors for the development of HZ in JAKi users.

Results

From a total of 1147 patients, 61 cases and 610 matched controls were selected. In conditional logistic regression analysis, JAKi use did not increase the risk of HZ development (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.70 to 2.61) after adjusting for other factors. Rather, duration of RA less than 10 years (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.97) and having had three or more previous targeted therapies (OR 5.29, 95% CI 1.45 to 19.31) were risk factors for HZ. Among JAKi users, higher disease activity score 28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.97) was identified as a risk factor in addition to three or more previous targeted therapies (OR 10.12, 95% CI 1.92 to 53.49).

Conclusions

The number of previous targeted therapies, but not JAKi use, was identified as a risk factor for HZ development in Korean patients with RA in a real-world setting. High disease activity was an additional risk factor for JAKi users.
Prevalence and consequences of psoriasis in recent axial spondyloarthritis: an analysis of the DESIR cohort over 6 years
Authors: Lucasson Florian , Richette Pascal , Aouad Krystel , Ryussen-Witrand Adeline , Wendling Daniel , Fautrel Bruno , Gossec Laure
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The consequences of psoriasis associated to axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are unclear. The objectives were to determine the prevalence and the consequences of psoriasis in recent axSpA over 6 years of follow-up.

Methods

The multicentric prospective cohort DESIR (NCT01648907) of adult patients with recent inflammatory back pain suggestive of axSpA was analysed over 6 years. Psoriasis was recorded at each visit and cumulative prevalence and incidence were calculated. Patients with vs without psoriasis at any time point were compared. Outcomes included disease activity (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP), joint and enthesitis count, CRP), patient-reported outcomes for function (Health Assessment Questionnaire for axSpA, HAQ-AS) and quality of life, and treatment use over 6 years. Outcomes were compared through univariable and multivariable analyses, as well as linear mixed effect models.

Results

In 589 patients, mean age 40.5±8.7 years, 45.8% men and baseline mean symptom duration 1.5±0.9 years, the cumulative prevalence of psoriasis increased from 16.8% (99/589) at baseline to 26.8% (158/589) at 6 years, leading to an incidence of 2.1/100 patient-years. Over 6 years of follow-up, patients with psoriasis developed more synovitis (p=0.008), and received more methotrexate (cumulative use, 25.5% vs 11.8%, p<0.001) and biological disease-modifying drugs (55.7% vs 38.5%, p<0.001). There were no significant consequences of psoriasis on other outcomes, including disease activity (ASDAS-CRP), functional capacity (HAQ-AS) and quality of life.

Conclusion

Psoriasis is frequent in early axSpA. AxSpA patients with psoriasis had more swollen joints over time and received more biologics; they did not have worse outcomes related to axSpA in terms of activity and severity.

Trial registration number

NCT01648907.
A cautionary tale: management implications of critical transitions in oyster fisheries
Authors: Johnson Fred A. , Pine III William E. , Camp Edward V.
Published: January 2022

Given the global collapse of most oyster fisheries, we explored the conditions under which the interaction of oysters and fishers can lead to multiple system equilibria and how those conditions might affect management strategies and recovery efforts. Using simple, but plausible, models of oyster fisheries, we identified tipping points, multiple equilibria, and hysteresis under a wide range of realistic model parameterizations. In collapsed systems with hysteresis, recovery of the system will require far less harvest than that which precipitated the collapse, and recovery times can be on decadal scales. We also derived optimal, non-equilibrium, state-dependent fishing policies and found that these policies can perform well, but are accompanied by high variation in the allowable harvest. Critically, these optimal policies also require constant monitoring of system state and frequent control of fishing effort. Finally, we examined habitat-enhancement scenarios that mimic proposed and ongoing restoration programs. We found that these efforts can increase the number of fishers the system can support and reduce otherwise long recovery times in collapsed systems.
DOES PERSISTENT COST INEFFICIENCY EXIST? A MUNICIPAL-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURE IN VICTORIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Authors: DUNG TRAN CAROLYN-THI THANH , DOLLERY BRIAN
Published: January 2022

While a voluminous empirical literature has investigated cost efficiency in local government, until recently no effort has been invested in decomposing municipal performance into its persistent efficiency and transient efficiency components. In this paper, we estimate persistent and transient cost efficiency that might be attributed to managerial and environmental factors in the Victorian state local government system in Australia using stochastic frontier analysis over the period from 2014/2015 to 2018/2019. In addition, we seek to contribute to the empirical literature on local government performance by estimating differences in cost efficiency between urban and rural councils and the relationship between the transient cost efficiency and the overall cost performance of Victorian local councils. We find that the overall cost efficiency (OCE) of local councils is highly correlated with transient (short term) cost efficiency and that urban councils are more cost-efficient than their rural counterparts. Various public policy implications are then considered.
A computational framework for modeling distortion during sintering of binder jet printed parts
Authors: Paudel Basil J. , Conover Dave , Lee Jung-Kun , To Albert C.
Published: January 2022

Sintering of binder jet 3D printed (BJ3DP) parts results in significant nonlinear distortion with typical shrinkage value of 5–20%, which makes design for BJ3DP and post-machining difficult. In this work, a computational modeling framework with calibration and validation procedure is developed to simulate distortion during sintering of BJ3DP parts accurately for the first time. The computational model employs the finite element analysis with a viscoplastic constitutive model that accounts for effects of gravity and friction. A calibration procedure is proposed to obtain values of different model parameters systematically through dilatometric, gravity bending, and grain growth experiments. For model validation, four bridges with different spans and a second part with a circular hole and two free overhangs are designed. The calibration procedure is applied to develop a computational model for sintered 316L stainless steel BJ3DP parts. The displacements at various locations on the sintered parts are simulated using the calibrated model and are found to have errors less than 3.5% compared to those obtained by experiment.
A Closer Look at the Isomerization of 5-Androstene-3,17-Dione to 4-Androstene-3,17-Dione in Ketosteroid Isomerase
Authors: Freindorf Marek , Tao Yunwen , Kraka Elfi
Published: January 2022

We report a comprehensive investigation of the 5-androstene-3,17-dione to 4-androstene-3,17-dione isomerization in Ketosteroid Isomerase, gas phase and aqueous solution, applying as tools the Unified Reaction Valley Approach (URVA) and the Local Vibrational Mode Analysis. Conformational changes of the steroid rings are monitored via Cremer-Pople puckering coordinates. URVA identifies simultaneous breakage of the C[Formula: see text]–H bond and O–H bond formation with the catalytic acid, leading to an intermediate with the acid positioned over ring [Formula: see text] as the major chemical events of the first reaction step. Via a barrier-less shift, a second intermediate is formed with the acid being positioned over ring [Formula: see text]. Then, according to URVA, breakage of the intermediate O–H bond, the formation of the new C[Formula: see text]–H bond accompanied by a double bond shift in rings [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] forms the major chemical events of the second reaction step, which is facilitated by favorable ring puckering. Reactions in protein and gas phase have comparable activation enthalpies, whereas the barrier in aqueous solution is higher, confirming that the major task of the enzyme pocket is to shield the migrating hydrogen atom and the catalyzing acid from interactions with solvent molecules diluting the catalytic power. We do not find exceptional H-bonding with Asp99 and Tyr14, excluding their catalytic activity. There is no strong hydrogen bonding in the TS, which could account for lowering the activation barrier. Our study provides a clear picture of the isomerization process, which will also inspire similar investigations of other important enzymatic reactions.
Making sense of nonsense: writing advice from Lewis Carroll and the "Jabberwocky"
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: January 2022

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.

Lewis Carroll is justifiably world-renowned for his whimsical and sometime apparently ridiculously incongruous works of fiction, e.g.
Alice in Wonderland
. However, underneath the charming facade, there is very good advice which, once uncovered, can help expository (non-fiction) writers significantly improve their work.
Conduction Type Control of Ge-on-Insulator: Combination of Smart-Cut™ and Defect Elimination
Authors: Yamamoto Keisuke , Nakae Kohei , Akamine Hiroshi , Wang Dong , Nakashima Hiroshi , Alam Md. M , Sawano Kentarou , Xue Zhongying , Zhang Miao , Di Zengfeng
Published: January 2022

We electrically characterized Ge-on-Insulator (GOI) fabricated by Smart-Cut™ method. Annealing improved electrical characteristics of the p-GOI. On the other hand, conduction type of the n-GOI changed to p-type after annealing. Structural analysis showed many defects were introduced near the bottom interface and it cannot be recovered by annealing. We suggest alternative ways to avoid defects for n-GOI fabrication.
Influence of Supporting Electrolyte on Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Performance: Catholyte
Authors: Kiessling Aleksandr , Fornaciari Julie C. , Anderson Grace , Peng Xiong , Gerstmayr Andreas , Gerhardt Michael , McKinney Samuel , Serov Alexey , Weber Adam Z. , Kim Yu Seung , Zulevi Barr , Danilovic Nemanja
Published: January 2022

Alkaline or hydroxide exchange membrane water electrolysis (HEMWE) is a promising technology for green hydrogen production using platinum group metal-free catalysts and stainless steel, an advantage of alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), and a gas-impermeable membrane, a parallel to proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEMWE). However, the HEMWE requires supporting electrolytes and there is minimal understanding of their role on the respective reactions. Without SELs, HEMWE performance and durability are worse than PEMWE systems. Herein, consistently feeding potassium hydroxide anolyte, we systematically study the effects of catholyte SELs in HEMWEs including dry vs. wet operation, cation effects, anion effects, and cation/OH ratios on cell potential and stability. We report that (i) hydration of the cathode improves high current density operation by preventing dehydration of the hydroxide exchange membrane (HEM), (ii) there was no correlation between cation type and cell potential, (iii) cell potential and high frequency resistance did not correlate with SEL conductivity, (iv) cathodic carbonate SEL had a significant negative effect on cell performance, (v) increased cation/OH ratio also caused increased cell potentials. Overall, this study concludes that feeding water or potassium hydroxide solution is desirable to improve the AEMWE performance.
Preparation and Characterization of Radio Frequency Sputtered Delafossite p-type Copper Gallium Oxide (p-CuGaO2) Thin Films
Authors: Saikumar Ashwin Kumar , Sundaresh Sreeram , Nehate Shraddha Dhanraj , Sundaram Kalpathy B.
Published: January 2022

In this research, CuGaO2 thin films were prepared on quartz substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique at 400 °C followed by subsequent annealing in N2 ambiance. The effects of annealing temperature on structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of CuGaO2 thin films are reported in this work. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of single-phase CuGaO2 in the film annealed at 900 °C. Near stoichiometric composition ratio of Cu:Ga (1:1.08) was identified in the film annealed at 900 °C. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images showed an increase in the grain size with an increase in annealing temperature. A UV–V is spectrophotometer was used to perform optical studies in the 200–800 nm wavelength region on all films. The optical bandgap was calculated from the transmission studies and was found to be in the range of 2.77 to 3.43 eV. The films annealed at temperatures 800 °C and above were found to be p-type. The lowest resistivity value of 230 Ω-cm was achieved in the film annealed at 900 °C.
Diabetes modulation of the myocardial infarction-acute kidney injury axis
Authors: Miura Tetsuji , Kuno Atsushi , Tanaka Marenao
Published: January 2022

As there is cross talk in functions of the heart and kidney, acute or chronic injury in one of the two organs provokes adaptive and/or maladaptive responses in both organs, leading to cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by acute heart failure is referred to as type 1 CRS, and a frequent cause of this type of CRS is acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of AMI and also the risk of AKI of various causes. However, there have been only a few studies in which animal models of diabetes were used to examine how diabetes modulates AMI-induced AKI. In this review, we summarize findings regarding the mechanisms of type 1 CRS and the impact of diabetes on both AMI and renal susceptibility to AKI and we discuss mechanisms by which diabetes modulates AMI-induced AKI. Hemodynamic alterations induced by AMI could be augmented by diabetes via its detrimental effect on infarct size and contractile function of the noninfarcted region in the heart. Diabetes increases susceptibility of renal cells to hypoxia and oxidative stress by modulation of signaling pathways that regulate cell survival and autophagy. Recent studies have shown that diabetes mellitus even at early stage of cardiomyopathy/nephropathy predisposes the kidney to AMI-induced AKI, in which activation of Toll-like receptors and reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidases are involved. Further analysis of cross talk between diabetic cardiomyopathy and diabetic kidney disease is necessary for obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of modulation of the AMI-AKI axis by diabetes.
A Study on Stress Redistribution of Roadway Sidewall after Hydraulic Fracturing in Coal Bumps Prevention
Authors: Yin Yanchun , Tang Xingxue , Zhang Yubao , Wang Zhi , Wang Xinyuan
Published: January 2022

Hydraulic fracturing is an effective mean to prevent coal bumps in deep coal mining. The calculation of stress redistribution of coal sidewall after hydraulic fracturing can evaluate the fracturing effect and provide a reference for the hydraulic fracturing scheme design. In this paper, a theoretical model of stress redistribution of roadway sidewall after hydraulic fracturing is established with considering the effect of crushing zone. And the influences of the water injection length and the fracturing radius on the stress redistribution of roadway sidewall are investigated. The results show that the water injection section should be set at a deeper position with considering the existence of the crushing zone. The coal roadway sidewall after hydraulic fracturing is divided into five zones: the crushing zone, the shallow plastic zone, the pressure relief zone, the deep plastic zone, and the elastic zone. The stress redistribution law is obviously affected by the water injection section length and fracturing radius. With the increase of water injection length or fracturing radius, the pressure relief effect is more evident, but the axial force of rockbolt increases gradually. In order to acquire a better pressure relief effect, the matching of the water injection length and the fracturing radius should be considered crucially in the hydraulic fracturing design for preventing coal bumps.
A Hidden Attack Sequences Detection Method Based on Dynamic Reward Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient
Authors: Zhang Lei , Pan Zhisong , Pan Yu , Guo Shize , Liu Yi , Xia Shiming , Zheng Qibin , Li Hongmei , Bai Wei
Published: January 2022

Attacker identification from network traffic is a common practice of cyberspace security management. However, network administrators cannot cover all security equipment due to the cyberspace management cost constraints, giving attackers the chance to escape from the surveillance of network security administrators by legitimate actions and to perform the attack in both physical domain and digital domain. Therefore, we proposed a hidden attack sequence detection method based on reinforcement learning to deal with the challenge through modeling the network administrators as an intelligent agent that learns their action policy from the interaction with the cyberspace environment. Following Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), the intelligent agent can not only discover the hidden attackers hiding in the legitimate action sequences but also reduce the cyberspace management cost. Furthermore, a dynamic reward DDPG method was proposed to improve defense performance, which set dynamic reward depending on the hidden attack sequences steps and agent’s check steps, compared to the fixed reward in common methods. Meanwhile, the method was verified in a simulated experimental cyberspace environment. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that there are hidden attack sequences in cyberspace, and the proposed method can discover the hidden attack sequences. The dynamic reward DDPG shows superior performance in detecting hidden attackers, with a detection rate of 97.46%, which can improve the ability to discover hidden attackers and reduce the 6% cyberspace management cost compared to DDPG.
Prediction of Behavior and Activity of Patients through Wearable Devices Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Decheng , Zhang Hengjing , Zhao Chuanxin
Published: January 2022

With the aging problem becoming more and more serious, muscle pain has become a common symptom. In order to help patients with rehabilitation training, it is necessary to monitor their activities in time. We propose a real-time monitoring method based on wearable devices. This method uses a wireless body area network for health care. Specifically, in the first step, we developed a wearable device based on ZigBee with low cost and low weight. Secondly, if only classifying the action at the current time, it will not meet the requirements of real-time monitoring. So, we design an end-to-end neural network model called ATCRNN to infer the actions to be made by users at the next time according to the data of the past few times. This model uses CNN and RNN to extract the spatial and temporal features of data and captures the context characteristics through self-attention. Finally, four volunteers wore equipment to participate in the experiment. The activity categories in the experiment are walking, sitting down, running, and climbing stairs. The accuracy of behavior inference reached 97% with ATCRNN. The compared results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed approach is superior to the result of other deep learning networks.
Adsorption-Desorption Surface Bindings, Kinetics, and Mass Transfer Behavior of Thermally and Chemically Treated Great Millet Husk towards Cr(VI) Removal from Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Prajapati Anuj Kumar , Verma Pushkar , Singh Satyansh , Mondal Monoj Kumar
Published: January 2022

This study reports the efficacy of adsorbents synthesized by thermal (TT-GMH) and chemical (CT-GMH) modification of great millet husk (GMH) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing Cr(VI). The chemical modification of raw GMH was done by concentrated H2SO4 to increase the porosity and heterogeneity on the surface. The comparative investigations of physicochemical properties of synthesized adsorbents were examined by point of zero charge (pHpzc), BET surface area, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD analyses. The results revealed that CT-GMH had around three times higher surface area and more porous structure as compared to TT-GMH. The adsorption experiments were executed in batch mode to examine the impact of parameters governing the adsorption process. For Cr(VI) solution of 25 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 4 g/L, temperature of 25[Formula: see text], and shaking speed of 150 RPM, the maximum removal for TT-GMH was attained at pH 1 and contact time 150 min, while for CT-GMH, maximum removal was attained at pH 2 and contact time 120 min. The experimental results fitted to the rate kinetic equations showed that for both TT-GMH and CT-GMH, adsorbents followed the quasi-second-order kinetic model during the adsorption process. Further, results revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and Sips isotherm model was followed for both TT-GMH and CT-GMH. Based on the Sips isotherm, maximum uptake capacity for TT-GMH and CT-GMH was noted to be 16 and 22.21 mg/g, respectively. Among the tested mass transfer models, liquid film diffusion model was followed during the adsorption process of both the adsorbents. The desorption study revealed that TT-GMH and CT-GMH give 69.45% and 74.48% removal, respectively, up to six cycles.
Biosensor-Assisted Method for Abdominal Syndrome Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Gandhi Charu , Ahmad Sayed Sayeed , Mehbodniya Abolfazl , Webber Julian L. , Hemalatha S. , Elwahsh Haitham , Tiwari Basant
Published: January 2022

The digestive system is one of the essential systems in human physiology where the stomach has a significant part to play with its accessories like the esophagus, duodenum, small intestines, and large intestinal tract. Many individuals across the globe suffer from gastric dysrhythmia in combination with dyspepsia (improper digestion), unexplained nausea (feeling), vomiting, abdominal discomfort, ulcer of the stomach, and gastroesophageal reflux illnesses. Some of the techniques used to identify anomalies include clinical analysis, endoscopy, electrogastrogram, and imaging. Electrogastrogram is the registration of electrical impulses that pass through the stomach muscles and regulate the contraction of the muscle. The electrode senses the electrical impulses from the stomach muscles, and the electrogastrogram is recorded. A computer analyzes the captured electrogastrogram (EGG) signals. The usual electric rhythm produces an enhanced current in the typical stomach muscle after a meal. Postmeal electrical rhythm is abnormal in those with stomach muscles or nerve anomalies. This study considers EGG of ordinary individuals, bradycardia, dyspepsia, nausea, tachycardia, ulcer, and vomiting for analysis. Data are collected in collaboration with the doctor for preprandial and postprandial conditions for people with diseases and everyday individuals. In CWT with a genetic algorithm, db4 is utilized to obtain an EGG signal wave pattern in a 3D plot using MATLAB. The figure shows that the existence of the peak reflects the EGG signal cycle. The number of present peaks categorizes EGG. Adaptive Resonance Classifier Network (ARCN) is utilized to identify EGG signals as normal or abnormal subjects, depending on the parameter of alertness

μ

. This study may be used as a medical tool to diagnose digestive system problems before proposing invasive treatments. Accuracy of the proposed work comes up with 95.45%, and sensitivity and specificity range is added as 92.45% and 87.12%.
Evaluation of Achilles Tendon in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer by High-Frequency Ultrasound Combined with Real-Time Shear-Wave Elastography
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Juan , Ma Yulin , Wang Yi , Wang Wengang , Wang Yueheng
Published: January 2022

To our best knowledge, no study investigated the utility of the combination of high-frequency US and real-time shear wave elastography (RTSWE) in the evaluation of Achilles tendon (AT). Our study aimed to evaluate AT in patients with diabetic foot ulcers using high-frequency US and RTSWE. We retrospectively reviewed 100 patients who visited our hospital due to diabetes. Patients were divided into the study group (those with diabetic foot ulcers) and the control group (those without diabetic foot ulcers). Patients’ demographics, basic medical records, and laboratory tests were reviewed. High-frequency ultrasound and RTSWE were performed in both AT for all 100 patients. Young’s modulus was measured at the upper, middle, and lower parts of each AT by RTSWE. There were 50 patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Patients in the study group had older age, a higher incidence of insulin use, and a higher level of cholesterol than those in the control group. However, thickness and Young’s modulus of AT were comparable in two groups, when evaluated by the combination of high-frequency ultrasound and RTSWE. There was no significant difference in thickness and elastic modulus of AT in patients with and without diabetic foot ulcers when evaluated by the combination of high-frequency ultrasound and RTSWE.