bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Upper Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma Limb-Sparing Resection and Functional Reconstruction: Assessment of Outcomes and Costs of Surgery
Authors: Mundinger Gerhard S. , Prucz Roni B. , Frassica Frank J. , Deune E. Gene
Published: October 2013

Background

The purpose of this study is to investigate functional outcomes and cost impacts of immediate functional reconstruction performed in conjunction with limb-sparing resection of upper extremity soft tissue sarcomas.

Methods

Patients undergoing simultaneous limb-sparing upper extremity soft tissue sarcoma resection and functional reconstruction between December 1998 and March 2004 were retrospectively identified, their medical records reviewed, and costs of surgery analyzed. Functional outcomes and patient satisfaction were assessed via patient surveys and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS).

Results

Thirteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Average follow-up was 43.3 months. Reconstructions included rotational innervated muscle flaps ( n =6), free innervated myocutaneous flaps ( n =1), and tendon transfers or grafts ( n =6). Overall survival was 85 % ( n =11) and disease-free survival was 77 % ( n =10). Average total cost of surgery was $26,655. Patients undergoing reconstruction for hand and forearm sarcomas had significantly higher total costs of surgery than those undergoing reconstruction for elbow and upper arm sarcomas. Survey response rate was 91 % ( n =10). Average TESS score was 76. Of the patients who worked preoperatively, 88 % returned to work postoperatively, and all patients who returned to work currently use their affected limb at work.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing immediate functional reconstruction for upper extremity soft tissue sarcoma resection achieved very good to excellent functional outcomes with quick recovery times and a high return-to-work rate following immediate functional reconstruction, thereby minimizing surgical cost impacts. Immediate functional reconstruction in the same surgical setting is thus a viable strategy following upper extremity soft tissue sarcoma resection.
Correlation between avascular necrosis and the presence of the ossific nucleus when treating developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Sllamniku Sabit , Bytyqi Cen , Murtezani Ardiana , Haxhija Emir Q.
Published: October 2013

Purpose

This study assessed whether avascular necrosis (AVN) is correlated with the presence or absence of the ossific nucleus (ON) at the initiation of conservative treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). To date, the correlation between the presence of the ON and AVN manifestations remains ambiguous.

Methods

The medical records of 148 patients with 234 dislocated hips who presented at our institution between January 2006 and December 2007 were reviewed. Based on ultrasound examination, the hips were classified according to Graf IIIa, IIIb, and IV criteria. Patients aged >6 months were simultaneously examined by standardized pelvis radiography.

Results

The ON was present in 84 hips (35.9 %) at the beginning of treatment. Treatment was begun at a mean age of 5 months, with overhead traction for 2 weeks followed by arthrography and a spica cast for 4 weeks. Afterwards, we used a Tübingen hip-flexion splint. The mean age at final follow-up was 87 months. Hips were radiographically evaluated at last follow-up according to the Ogden–Bucholz AVN classification scheme. There was no significant difference in AVN prevalence between ON− versus ON+ hips in children aged ≤10 months ( P = 0.681), whereas when all age groups were analyzed together, AVN was significantly increased in ON+ hips ( P = 0.002). Clinical examination revealed no differences in limping, leg length inequality, and range of motion of hips in the ON− versus ON+ groups.

Conclusion

We conclude that DDH treatment should be performed early without regard to the presence or absence of the ON. Reduction should not be delayed beyond >10 months of age because any delay in treatment increases the incidence of AVN.
Geographically distributed audit work: Theoretical considerations and future directions
Authors: Hanes Denise R.
Published: October 2013

This paper synthesizes the extant geographically distributed work literature, focusing on how geographic distribution affects coordination and communication, knowledge sharing, work design, and social identity. Geographically distributed audit arrangements, such as group audits and offshoring, are becoming increasingly prevalent in audit practice. However, little empirically is known about how working across cities, countries, and continents affects auditors, the audit process, or audit quality. To this end, the synthesis seeks to stimulate research investigating the implications of geographically distributed work arrangements in auditing, by surveying the extant literature within the management and social psychology disciplines and developing eighteen research questions for future audit research to consider. The synthesis reveals that geographically distributed audit work is likely to be very different from work performed in more traditional arrangements and therefore cannot be treated by audit researchers, practitioners, or standard setters as replications of domestic processes abroad. As a result, the synthesis focuses on building a greater understanding of the changes in day-to-day auditing, the consequences of such changes, and interventions that may moderate the challenges encountered in geographically distributed audit arrangements.
Sperm PLCζ: From structure to Ca2+ oscillations, egg activation and therapeutic potential
Authors: Nomikos Michail , Kashir Junaid , Swann Karl , Lai F. Anthony
Published: October 2013

Significant evidence now supports the assertion that cytosolic calcium oscillations during fertilization in mammalian eggs are mediated by a testis‐specific phospholipase C (PLC), termed PLC‐zeta (PLCζ) that is released into the egg following gamete fusion. Herein, we describe the current paradigm of PLCζ in this fundamental biological process, summarizing recent important advances in our knowledge of the biochemical and physiological properties of this enzyme. We describe the data suggesting that PLCζ has distinct features amongst PLCs enabling the hydrolysis of its substrate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) at low Ca2+ levels. PLCζ appears to be unique in its ability to target PIP2 that is present on intracellular vesicles. We also discuss evidence that PLCζ may be a significant factor in human fertility with potential therapeutic capacity.
Neutralisation of specific surface carboxylates speeds up translocation of botulinum neurotoxin type B enzymatic domain
Authors: Pirazzini Marco , Henke Tina , Rossetto Ornella , Mahrhold Stefan , Krez Nadja , Rummel Andreas , Montecucco Cesare , Binz Thomas
Published: October 2013

Botulinum neurotoxins translocate their enzymatic domain across vesicular membranes. The molecular triggers of this process are unknown. Here, we tested the possibility that this is elicited by protonation of conserved surface carboxylates. Glutamate‐48, glutamate‐653 and aspartate‐877 were identified as possible candidates and changed into amide. This triple mutant showed increased neurotoxicity due to faster cytosolic delivery of the enzymatic domain; membrane translocation could take place at less acidic pH. Thus, neutralisation of specific negative surface charges facilitates membrane contact permitting a faster initiation of the toxin membrane insertion.
Screening of protein kinase inhibitors and knockdown experiments identified four kinases that affect mitochondrial ATP synthesis activity
Authors: Sugawara Kanako , Fujikawa Makoto , Yoshida Masasuke
Published: October 2013

Mitochondrial ATP synthase, a major ATP supplier in respiring cells, should be regulated in amount and in activity to respond to the varying demands of cells for ATP. We screened 80 protein kinase inhibitors and found that HeLa cells treated with four inhibitors exhibited reduced mitochondrial ATP synthesis activity. Consistently, knockdown of their target kinases (PKA, PKCδ, CaMKII and smMLCK) resulted in a decrease in mitochondrial ATP synthesis activity. Among them, mitochondria of smMLCK‐knockdown cells contained only a small amount of ATP synthase, while the α‐ and β‐subunits of ATP synthase were produced normally, suggesting that smMLCK affects assembly (or decay) of ATP synthase.
The deglaciation and neoglaciation of Upernavik Isstrøm, Greenland
Authors: Briner Jason P. , Håkansson Lena , Bennike Ole
Published: October 2013

We constrain the history of the Greenland Ice Sheet margin during the Holocene at Upernavik Isstrøm, a major ice stream in northwestern Greenland. Radiocarbon-dated sediment sequences from proglacial-threshold lakes adjacent to the present ice margin constrain deglaciation of the sites to older than 9.6 ± 0.1 ka. This age of deglaciation is confirmed with10Be ages of 9.9 ± 0.1 ka from an island adjacent to the historical ice position. The lake sediment sequences also constrain the ice margin to have been less extensive than it is today for the remainder of the Holocene until ~ 1100 to ~ 700 yr ago, when it advanced into two lake catchments. The ice margin retreated back out of these lake catchments in the last decade. The early Holocene deglaciation in Melville Bugt, one of few locations around Greenland where a vast stretch of the current ice margin is marine-based, preceded deglaciation in most other parts of Greenland. Earlier deglaciation in this ice-sheet sector may have been caused by additional ablation mechanisms that apply to marine-based ice margins. Furthermore, despite ice-sheet models depicting this sector of Greenland as relatively stable throughout the Holocene, our data indicate a > 20 km advance-retreat cycle within the last millennium.
Effects of Cryptocaryon irritans infection on the survival, feeding, respiratory rate and ionic regulation of the marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus
Authors: YIN FEI , GONG QIYANG , LI YANWEI , DAN XUEMING , SUN PENG , GAO QUANXIN , SHI ZHAOHONG , PENG SHIMING , LI ANXING
Published: October 2013

To clarify the effects of a Cryptocaryon irritans infection on the physiological functions of the marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus, this study utilized C. irritans at concentrations of 2500; 5000; 7500; 10 000; 20 000; and 30 000 theronts/fish to infect marbled rockfish weighing 45±3 g. The survival rate, food intake, respiratory rate, serum ion concentrations and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity were determined. With the increase of the infection concentration and the passage of time, the survival rate of the rockfish gradually decreased. The groups infected with more than 5000 theronts/fish had stopped feeding within 4 days. The respiratory rates of the fish in the groups infected with 2500 and 5000 theronts/fish initially increased and then decreased. In contrast, the respiratory rate of the fish in the groups infected with more than 7500 theronts/fish was elevated to levels significantly higher than the control group after 12 h. The Na+/K+-ATPase activity and serum Na+ and Cl− concentrations increased with increasing infection concentration. In conclusion, the physiological functions of the fish infected with low concentrations of C. irritans can be effectively restored, whereas a high concentration infection induced severe stress. The declined food intake and accelerated respiratory rate could be useful for an early warning system as important indicators.
Alexander the Great as “Lord of Asia” and Rome as His Successor in Machiavelli's Prince
Authors: Sullivan Vickie
Published: October 2013

Alexander the Great and his legacy suffuse The Prince, a fact that has received little attention. Machiavelli uses Alexander to illustrate the form of rule in which one is lord and all others are slaves. In recounting the Roman Republic's conquest of Greece, Machiavelli treats Alexander's vanquished successors. Alexander's legacy enters Rome itself, igniting in Romans the desire to subject the world to sole preeminence. According to Machiavelli, Caesar imitated Alexander, and Caesar overturned the republic, initiating the rule of one in Rome. Caesar had his own Roman successors, the emperors who ruled under his name. Rome succeeded in imposing the rule of one on Europe. That form of rule exists in Machiavelli's times with the states of the Turk and the Sultan as well as with the papacy in a limited respect. Something of the old Rome and its Alexandrian aspirations persists in Christian Rome.
Belief and Opinion in Machiavelli'sPrince
Authors: Tarcov Nathan
Published: October 2013

This article examines the roles of belief and opinion in Machiavelli'sPrince. Political success and failure are effected not only by force and arms but by religious belief in particular, and more generally by the beliefs and opinions of peoples. Princes can also be the beneficiaries or the victims of their own beliefs and opinions. Machiavelli occasionally explicitly states a view as his own belief or opinion such as his belief in cruelty well used or his opinions that a prince should found himself on the people and avoid their hatred. His beliefs and opinions both contrast with common beliefs and opinions and are modified in response to them.
Farewell to Fortune
Authors: Parel Anthony
Published: October 2013

Machiavelli's argument in chapter 25 ofThe Princefor resisting Fortune is no longer persuasive. The reason is that it is based on the outmoded Ptolemaic cosmology. With that cosmology long discarded, it is time to discard thepolitical philosophybased on it. But discarding the political philosophy does not mean discarding the chapter. On the contrary, we should study the chapter with renewed diligence as part of the history of Machiavelli's political philosophy. The distinction between his political philosophy and the history of his political philosophy is critical here.
Report of Tentative Excavations on the Demarch's Field, Melos
Authors: Crowfoot J. W.
Published: October 2013

These excavations began on Thursday, 13th May, in the afternoon: on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, seven men were engaged upon them, but on Monday five more were employed. On Tuesday, at midday, they were brought to an abrupt close by a peremptory telegram from the General Ephor in Athens, forbidding all tentative excavation in Melos.

This field was partially excavated last year by Mr. Bosanquet, and the results of his work are described in the Annual for 1895–6: it was hoped that excavations continued this year under easier conditions would throw fresh light upon the system of walls connected with the city gate, and any public buildings which might have been situated there.
The Ionic Capital of the Gymnasium of Kynosarges
Authors: Rodeck Pieter
Published: October 2013

The excavations of the British School at Athens, in the winters of 1896 and 1897, had the result of determining that the site, on which they were carried on, had been a burial ground previous to the sixth century B.C. and again after the third century, and that, in the meantime, it must have been covered by the Greek building, of which we laid bare the foundations. The plan of this building resembles that of a large gymnasium; the period of its existence coincides with that during which we know the gymnasium of Kynosarges to have existed, and the position of the site is such as the various mentions of Kynosarges by classic authors leads us to expect.
A New Copy of the Athena Parthenos
Authors: Smith Cecil
Published: October 2013

The Athena Parthenos of Pheidias is so well known to us from the records of antiquity, and from the works of art which have come down to us more or less inspired by it, that we can safely claim to know at least what the essential features of the statue must have been; and yet there is, and must always be, in the almost certain impossibility of our recovering any part of the original, a large residuum of uncertainty and conjecture, not only as regards the details, but principally as regards the artistic form of Pheidias' figure. Where knowledge can only be based on deduction from a series of more or less closely connected data, every fresh addition to these data must be welcomed as ever so slight a strengthening of probabilities; and therefore the acquisition of a fresh piece of evidence is important, even though it adds but little to our preconceived ideas.
On Three Bronze Statuettes
Authors: Hutton C. A.
Published: October 2013

The importance of the bronze statuette as a document for the reconstruction of early sculptural types and of the different phases through which Greek art passed is apt to be overlooked, but there is reason to suppose that the main lines of an antique conception are more likely to be preserved in it than on a marble adaptation made after a lapse of several centuries. Many of the most celebrated Greek statues were made for temples. A large proportion of the bronzes were votive offerings, and roughly reproduce a local cultus-statue, where any serious variation from the original design would not be tolerated; the difference consisting in the suppression of detail, not in the addition of it, as in a marble copy. Further, the mechanical method by which a bronze is reproduced effectually prevents the intrusion of the worker's personality, so that a second century cast from a fifth century mould is practically contemporary with the original design.
Macedonian Customs
Authors: Triantaphyllides H.
Published: October 2013

No one who visits any corner of Turkish Greece can fail to be struck with the closeness of the links which bind it to free Hellas; he will find not only that the language and religion are the same, but that an identity of manners and customs exists, both in society at large, and also among those families which have happily survived the Turkish domination. A strange point is that certain ancient customs, which are to-day represented in no part of free Hellas, are still kept up and flourish in Macedonia.
Excavations in Melos, 1899: B. The Structures
Authors: Atkinson T. D.
Published: October 2013

The excavations this year proved to be of considerable interest, so far as the architecture was concerned. Besides the Palace several complete private houses were found, and the streets were followed up far enough to enable us to guess at the system on which the town had been laid out. Several houses of the third settlement can be made out, but there are only slight indications of its streets. So far as they can be traced, however, they seem to coincide roughly with those of the fourth settlement. With the fourth settlement itself the opposite is the case—the streets can be traced, but there are not quite so many complete houses as in the third settlement. In a few cases, perhaps, a street or house of the earlier period continued in use in the later; but generally speaking this is not the case, and where a later wall is built on the top of an earlier one, it was probably in order to obtain a more solid foundation.
Some Doubtful Points of Thessalian Topography
Authors: Edmonds C. D.
Published: October 2013

The object of this paper is to endeavour to attach their right names to the ancient sites which lie close to the Peneios on either side of the river in its course from Trikkala to Larissa.

The first site which we reach in travelling down stream is that of Palaeo-Gardiki, halfway between Trikkala and Zarkos, close to the high road, on the left bank of the river, which is here some six kilometres distant. On a small spur of the mountains, with which it is only connected by a narrow neck or spur which slopes down to the plain, lie the remains of an ancient acropolis with walls built of both polygonal and ashlar masonry. In front of the acropolis in the plain the remains of a city of no small extent are visible. The walls of ashlar masonry remain to a height of four or five courses, and the foundations of houses and public buildings are clearly marked. The name Palaeo-Gardiki comes from a Byzantine village, Gardiki, which once stood upon the acropolis, but of which no traces now remain except the ruined church. In front of the city lies a marsh, which, combined with the mountain behind, makes the position very strong.
Excavations at Naukratis A. Site and Buildings
Authors: Hogarth D. G.
Published: October 2013

Mr. Ernest Gardner, summing up in 1889 the results of the excavations at Naukratis which Mr. Flinders Petrie had begun in 1884, was of opinion that something still remained to be done on the site. This opinion was shared by Mr. Petrie and has been expressed by him more than once, when Greek remains in Egypt were under discussion. A further campaign, therefore, has long been contemplated; and when I heard late in 1898 that very serious encroachments were being made upon the mounds of Gaif, it seemed that it was time to act. Paying a flying visit to the place in December, I found that, compared with Mr. Petrie's map of fourteen years before, the Mounds showed a greatly changed appearance. The “Great Temenos” at the south end had become a cornfield: the “Arab village” shown in the map on the north-east edge of the mound was now divided from the uncultivated land by a broad belt of green, which in the east centre had been pushed far out into the hollow heart of the site by an artificial embankment twelve to fifteen feet high.
Sculptures from Cyzicus
Authors: Hasluck F. W.
Published: October 2013

In the present paucity of archaic sculpture from Northern Asia Minor (from Cyzicus we have only the beautiful fragment of a chariot relief at Tchinly Kiosk) the much damaged relief of Heracles here reproduced (Plate IV. i) is not without its value. It was discovered during the demolition of the old Armenian Church at Aidinjik, a village about an hour from Cyzicus, on the mainland west of the isthmus: thanks to Mr. Th. Makrys of Panderma, who providentially brought me to the spot, it has now been removed to the safety of the Imperial Museum.
Excavations at Palaikastro. I.
Authors: Bosanquet R. C.
Published: October 2013

Brief reports on the work done by the British School at Palaikastro in April and May 1902 have appeared in the Journal of Hellenic Studies (1902, p. 384) and in Man (1902, No. 119). In the present paper I propose to describe the discoveries made in the cemeteries and in the houses, reserving for a future occasion the discussion of certain problems on which fuller light may be thrown by the excavations of 1903, to be made with larger resources and over an extended area, thanks to a liberal grant from the Cretan Fund and to the unfailing goodwill of Prince George's Government. The past campaign was of a preliminary nature and cost less than £150, including the somewhat serious item of transport, but excluding that of drawings and photographs.
I.—Excavations at Sparta, 1910: § 1.—The Season's Work and Summary of Results
Authors: Dawkins R. M.
Published: October 2013

The season of 1910 closed the excavations of the School at Sparta which were begun in 1906 under the direction of Professor Bosanquet, and, although much work remains to be done in the Museum in preparing the finds for publication, especially those from the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia, no further excavation is contemplated. The results achieved have been regularly reported each year, and the objects discovered at the various sites have been nearly all published, with the important exception of the great mass of objects from the Orthia Sanctuary, which are so numerous that their adequate publication will require a separate book. An important series of Byzantine painted pottery and some jewellery of the same period also await publication. The nature of these previous annual reports makes it unnecessary here to do more than give the usual short summary of the year's work which is more fully described in the following sections, and again to express the thanks of the School for the continual support of the Hellenic government, which was this year again ably represented by Doctor Rhomaios.
I.—Excavations at Sparta, 1910: § 3.—The Eleusinion at Kalývia tes Sochás
Authors: Dawkins R. M.
Published: October 2013

The season opened with a small excavation at the Eleusinion at Kalývia tes Sochás or Kalývia Sochiótika, a hamlet at the foot of Taygetos about one-and-a-half hour's walk south of Sparta.

This site had already been fixed by Von Prott, who identified it with the Homeric Bryseai, but the German Archaeological Institute generously waived this prior claim in our favour. The whole question of the identification of the site has been discussed by Von Prott in connexion with the inscriptions found in and around the foundations of the destroyed church of Hagia Sophia. This lies in the village itself; the site to which our attention was called was on the slope of the mountain immediately above the houses and gardens of the village. A few minutes to the south of Kalývia tes Sochás a fine gorge with a mountain stream runs down from Taygetos into the plain, and where the path which leads up to this gorge and the mediaeval keep at its mouth, leaves the village to climb the lower slope of the hill, it passes through a small olive grove.
An Addition to the Senmut-Fresco
Authors: Hall H. R.
Published: October 2013

On looking lately through a volume (AD. MSS. 29,822) of the manuscript collections bequeathed by the late Mr. Robert Hay to the British Museum, I came across a partly coloured drawing (f. 33) by him, of the well-known wall-painting of Keftian (Minoan Cretan) ambassadors in the tomb of Senmut at Egyptian Thebes. A direct photograph (by Mr. E. R. Ayrton) of this painting was published by me in the Annual for 1903–4 (x. p. 154) and a year later, Dr. W. M. Müller gave us a fine photograph and also a hand-drawn reproduction of it in colour in the first volume of his Egyptological Researches, published by the Carnegie Institute (1906), Plates 5, 6, and 7. These were the first published illustrations of the whole painting as it is now.
III. Notes on the Pottery
Authors: Welch F. B.
Published: October 2013

The pottery found during the course of excavations this spring on the site of Knossos falls naturally into two groups, of which the larger and earlier, extending from Neolithic to Mycenaean times, came from Kephála and the houses south and south-west of the Kephála mound; while the smaller and less important group was found in tombs of Geometric date, discovered about a mile north of Kephála. Most of the finds belong to a few well-defined groups, and specimens of transitional periods are conspicuous by their absence.
The Influence of the Aegean Civilisation on South Palestine
Authors: Welch F. B.
Published: October 2013

The influence of the Aegean civilisation on South Palestine can hardly be said to be appreciably felt before the latter half of the Bronze Age. At this period the Mycenaean civilisation, though already decadent, was still flourishing very vigorously in the East Mediterranean, especially in places like Rhodes and Cyprus, the latter of which chiefly concerns us here. In the case of Cyprus this is natural, since, owing to its geographical position, the island served as an intermediary between East and West, and was peopled, partly at least, by representatives of the Mycenaean civilisation—though, of course, this says nothing as to the racial affinities of the area in question—and here seemingly this civilisation lasted on later than in the actual Aegean area.
Grotesques and the Evil Eye
Authors: Wace Alan J. B.
Published: October 2013

In discussing the so-called Alexandrian Grotesques in a paper in this Annual last year I expressed the opinion that they should be assigned to Campanian art. I have, however, since then been enabled to study these grotesques more closely; and have in consequence been led to modify my former opinion very considerably. Though these grotesques were very popular in Italy during the late republican and the imperial periods, they were by no means peculiar to the west. They fall naturally into several classes, which, for convenience, are here given in tabular form.
Note on the Fragment of a Painted Pinax from Praesos
Authors: Hopkinson J. H.
Published: October 2013

On p. 240 sqq. of the B.S.A. Annual, vol. viii., Mr. R. C. Bosanquet has described a tomb opened by him at Praesos during the excavations of 1901. The tomb had originally been of the ‘beehive’ type though the upper portion had been broken before the excavators opened it. The layer of earth constituting the original floor of the tomb was covered to a depth of nearly two feet with a tightly packed deposit of broken pottery, whilst in a small vestibule leading into the tomb from the dromos a few better preserved vases were found. Owing to the confusion caused by the later use of the tomb and by the fall of the roofing stones it is difficult to make out any stratification in the deposit, but on the analogy of the Menidi tomb Mr. Bosanquet would explain the large quantity of pottery found here as the result of a long period of hero-worship. The bulk of the pottery is of the Geometric period and comprises a sequence of at least several generations. Nothing of indisputably Mycenaean date was found in the tomb, and the latest objects that came to light were two small fragments of red-figure ware.
The Monastery of Daou
Authors: R. C. B.
Published: October 2013

In the last volume of the Annual Mr. Heaton Comyn published a description and drawings of this ruined monastery, which lies hidden away among the woods on one of the south-eastern spurs of Mount Pentelicus. It seems worth while to add what little is known of its history, and also some notes on its construction. For the latter I have to thank Mr. Pieter Rodeck, whose extensive knowledge of Byzantine churches enables him to speak with authority.
Excavations at Palaikastro. III: § 5.—Block ξ
Authors: Dawkins R. M.
Published: October 2013

This large block, covering about 650 sq. m., lies to the south of Block ε on the slope of the hillock that overlooks the town on the south. Bounded on three sides by streets, towards the south the remains become gradually thinner, disappearing with the rise of the ground and the shallower soil. The superposition of one wall upon another, and the objects found at different levels, enable us to distinguish at least three separate strata of habitation. To begin from the top, a few finds point to houses as late as Late Minoan III. b, that is, to the period of the latest floor-deposits in Block γ.
Dr. Covel's Notes on Galata
Authors: Hasluck F. W.
Published: October 2013

Dr. Covel was chaplain to the Embassy at Constantinople from 1669 to 1677. Of his copious and interesting Journals, a portion, relating chiefly to his voyage and to political affairs at Constantinople, has been edited, with a portrait and biographical notice, by J. T. Bent, and published by the Hakluyt Society in 1893. The Journals were, in part at least, intended for publication, for Grelot refers to an expected work of Covel's on the walls of Constantinople; the notes on Galata are more detailed than those of most contemporary writers, and, though they are in Covel's handwriting, are possibly borrowed; it is not his habit to write in Latin, and the reference to the tomb of the Comte d'Artois as still in possession of the monks, perhaps points to a slightly earlier original.
I.—Excavations Near Angelona
Authors: Wace Alan J. B. , Hasluck F. W.
Published: October 2013

The village of Angelona lies amongst the hills surrounding the plain of Molai, midway between the latter and Monemvasia. About half an hour east of the village is a small plateau known as Kollýri; this plateau is bounded on its south-eastern side by a revma, tributary to the greater ravine which runs down to the sea south of the ruins of Epidaurus Limera. At the head of the revma is a perpetual spring of good water, and in its neighbourhood are many traces of former human occupation; roof tiles of slightly concave section with a rough red-to-black glaze, and sherds of black-glazed and coarse red pottery are common. A few hundred yards above (west of) the spring an anta capital of poros (Fig. 1) lies on the surface; the block measures 0·82 m. in length, 0·80 in breadth and 0·23 in thickness, and is remarkable because the profile is continuous on the long side but only extends for 0·33 m. on the other. On one end there are traces of an attempt to work the profile, and on the top a series of rough toolings (dowel holes?) parallel to the breadth.
III. —Thalamae: 2.—Inscriptions
Authors: Dickins Guy
Published: October 2013

In the ruined monastery of Panagia Kavallaris, four miles south-west of Koutiphari. On a white marble stele supporting the altar in the church. Over 78 c. long by 23 c. broad and 13 c. wide. Letters 1·50 c. to 2·0 c. The stele is partly buried in the earth, so its total length is unknown, as it was impossible to dig in the church.

The monastery stands on the steep slope of Hagios Nikos above a hollow in the mountains, where there are vineyards, just below it is a copious spring. The road to Gytheion crosses the opposite slope. I found no other traces of Hellenic occupation, but the spot would be eminently suitable for a sanctuary site.
III. —Thalamae: IV.—The Ἑρμαί on the N.E. Frontier
Authors: Romaios K.
Published: October 2013

᾿Ανατείνε δὲ ὑπὲρ τὰς κώμας ὄρος ᾿Πάρνων,καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων ἐπαὐτοῦ πρὸς ᾿Αγείους ὄροι καὶ Τεγεάτας εἰσίν ἐστήκασι δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀροις῾Ερμαῖ λίθου, καὶ τοῦ χωρίου τὸ ὄνομά ἐστιν ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν —Paus. II. 38. 7.

An excavation of the three mounds of stones and earth at the spot called στοὺς Φονεμένους between Hagios Petros and Arachova, undertaken by me last July, showed that these mounds were formed in ancient times, and made it highly probable, if not certain, that they are the ῾Ερμαῖ mentioned by Pausanias as marking the boundaries between Laconian territory and that of Argos and Tegea. The most important find is a slab of common schist, mutilated on the left hand side, and bearing in large characters the inscription (Fig. 1). Although I have not been able to find a name ending with precisely these letters, it is certainly a man's name in the nominative, and the slab must be explained as a tombstone. There were also found a small piece of an archaic gorgoneion of terracotta, a small vase without its neck resembling the spherical Corinthian aryballoi, and some insignificant fragments of small vases, covered with glaze-paint, and of roof-tiles.
A Head Connected with Damophon
Authors: Dickins Guy
Published: October 2013

In the Gallery of Busts in the Vatican there is a head (Cat. No. 293p, Heibig, Führer durch Rom, i. p. 144, No. 242) described as the head of a Satyr. It is of rosso antico, and was found in a street in Genzano near a spot where a Roman villa had stood. This head (No. 1 on Plate IV.) has a replica, also of rosso antico, in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek at Copenhagen (No. 2 on the same Plate), for a description of which I am indebted to Herr Jacobsen. The height of the Roman head is 0·45 m., distance between the ears 0·21 m., between the eyes 0·05 m., breadth of eyes 0·05 m., breadth of mouth 0·07 m. It is worked only in front, the back being chiselled roughly away, so that it has the appearance of a mask. Nothing is left of the neck. The ends of the hair are broken off, especially in the case of the side-locks, and the edges of the beard are smoothed by weathering. Restored:—nose and portions of lower lip. The eyes are hollow, and were filled with inserted material.
Cretan Palaces and the Aegean Civilization
Authors: Mackenzie D.
Published: October 2013

Professor Doerpfeld in the Athenische Mittheilungen, xxx. pp. 257–97, has put forward a theory regarding the relation of the later to the earlier palaces at Knossos and at Phaestos, which requires serious consideration, not only in view of Doerpfeld's high authority in such matters, but also in the light of the results of excavation, as these have been accumulating from season to season at different sites in Crete.

It will clear the ground considerably if, as a common starting-point of argument, it is agreed at the very beginning that the question at issue is primarily one of stratification, and that all understanding of sequence in development is ultimately conditioned by our apprehension of the character of the sequence in the stratification, in so far as that has been brought to light by actual excavation.
The Distribution of Attic Vases
Authors: G. M. A. R.
Published: October 2013

One of the most interesting phenomena in the history of ceramic art is the absorption of the market of the world by Attic ware. The sixth-century tombs of Italy, Sicily and elsewhere show a gradual decrease in importations from Corinth, Chalcis, Cyrene and Ionia, and by the time of the beginning of the fifth century the Attic black- and red-figured ware has acquired a complete monopoly. The area over which these Attic vases were distributed comprises almost the whole of the world as known at that time—Greece Proper, the Aegean Islands, the Cyrenaica, Egypt, Asia Minor, the Crimea and above all Italy and Sicily. The question suggests itself how far this large and varied export was influenced by the special demand in various localities; how far, in fact, each locality had its own definite needs for special vase forms, which the ceramic trade of Athens was to supply.
Excavations at Palaikastro. IV: § 3.—An Early Minoan Ossuary
Authors: Dawkins R. M.
Published: October 2013

Further trial-pits were made this year at the foot of the northern slopes of the Kastri at the site called τὰ ῾Ελληνικά where the two ossuaries described in B.S.A. x. pp. 197 and 202, were found, resulting in the finding of another of the same type, which, with this year's discovery on the top of the knoll of Sarandári makes a total of seven, plans of five of which are given in Fig. 4. Of these, numbered chronologically, I. is described in B.S.A. viii. p. 290, but was too much destroyed for a plan to be possible; II. (Fig. 4, No 1) in B.S.A. x. p. 197; III. (Fig. 4, No. 3) is the one in question; IV. (Fig. 4, No. 4) is the ossuary discovered this year on the top of the rocky knoll of Sarandári, surrounded by Late Minoan III.
Excavations at Palaikastro. IV: § 5.—Block π
Authors: Dawkins R. M.
Published: October 2013

The completion of work on this block consisted almost entirely or examining lower strata in the northern and eastern quarters. Whilst in one part of the block (26 on Plates XII. and XIII.) the rocky subsoil rises so high as to have led to the total destruction of all remains, in the immediately adjacent regions to the north and east it sinks so low as to leave some three or four metres of deposit with four clearly separate strata of walls. Plate XII. gives a plan shewing the two earlier sets, Middle Minoan and, above this, but on different lines, Late Minoan I., and Plate XIII.
Excavations at Palaikastro. IV: § 9.—The Architectural Terracottas
Authors: Bosanquet R. C.
Published: October 2013

The Hellenic remains scattered in the surface soil or accumulated behind the temenos-wall included quantities of tiles and architectural terracottas belonging to an earlier and to a later period of the sanctuary. Of those which may be assigned to the archaic entablature the most important are the following:—

(1) Leg of a crouching or running human figure in high relief, probably from the pediment (Fig. 18). The upper part of the thigh is covered with reddish-brown paint representing a tightly-fitting garment, with a white border on which again are dark dots.
I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1907: § 7.—The Hieron of Athena Chalkioikos
Authors: Dickins Guy
Published: October 2013

Suidas, under the heading Χαλκίοικος explains as follows: ‘The Athena in Sparta; either because she has a brazen house; or on account of her (its?) stability; or because it was founded by Chalcidian exiles from Euboea.’ Hesychius adds as synonyms Χαλκηδάνη, Χαλκίναος In Euripides we find Χαλκόπυλος as an epithet of the goddess. These variants are in themselves sufficient to contradict Suidas' two alternatives. The noteworthy feature about the sanctuary was its bronze decoration, and thus the name is descriptive of the sanctuary rather than of the goddess. It is not a cult-name, and represents no religious aspect of the goddess; in fact there is good reason to suppose that it is not even the original name of the sanctuary that crowned the Acropolis of Sparta, but one acquired at a subsequent restoration.
I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1907: § 8.—The Tombs
Authors: Wace A. J. B. , Dickins Guy
Published: October 2013

Between the Acropolis hill of Sparta and the northern limits of the modern town lies a stretch of level ground, the greater part of which is covered with olive trees. In the middle of this area (General Plan, K 14 and 15) are a series of four tombs, of which two found undisturbed and one empty belong to the Hellenistic age, while one, now unfortunately almost totally destroyed, appears to have had a greater antiquity. This line of tombs lies along the southern limit of what we suppose to be the site of the Agora, and is thus in the heart of the ancient town. The conspicuous ancient building known as the Tomb of Leonidas lies a short distance away, and the discovery of tombs so close to it, and of a form not greatly dissimilar, opens once more the question of its purpose.
I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1908§ 2.—The Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia.—The Excavation
Authors: Dawkins R. M.
Published: October 2013

This year again the excavation of the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia claimed the greater part of the resources of the School, and with the exception of a few days at the Greek Easter the work went on continuously from March 23rd to the end of May under the charge of the Director, assisted in the field especially by Messrs. Wace and Thompson. The surveying was undertaken by Mr. Thompson, and the plans and sections accompanying this report are based upon his measurements. The comparative smallness of the area excavated, and the necessity for working slowly, in order that as far as possible no detail of the stratification should pass unnoticed, precluded the employment of any large number of workmen, and the number never rose above thirty-five, and was often much lower.
I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1908 § 6.—The Hieron of Athena Chalkioikos
Authors: Dickins G.
Published: October 2013

Excavations on this site in 1907 were confined to the western half of the sanctuary, and their results, with a general discussion of the Hieron, will be found in the Annual for last year. The present paper is a brief account of the much less productive excavation of the eastern half of the area in 1908. The main results were, firstly, to confirm the general conclusions drawn from the data provided by the western half; secondly, to establish the fact that the lower Geometric stratum extended over the whole width of the sanctuary with its central, or highest and thickest, point near the dividing line of the two years' work, and consequently near the wall suggested as part of a Geometric altar; thirdly, in regard to the second or classical settlement, to show that the centres of interest, the οἴκημα and the altar, were undoubtedly in the western half of the sanctuary, since objects of interest were found only in the south-western corner of the eastern half, although a similar system of embanking provided a pocket all along the south side.
Cretan Palaces and the Aegean Civilization. IV
Authors: Mackenzie Duncan
Published: October 2013

Since the earlier parts of this study were written, various interesting discoveries have been made, not only in Crete, but on the mainland of Greece, such as tend partly to clear up, partly to complicate the problem of Aegean Civilization.

Of the discoveries in Crete the most fruitful in new results are those of Mr. Richard B. Seager relating to the Early Minoan Period, firstly at Vasilikí on the mainland of the Gulf of Mirabello, and later on the islands of Psira and Mochlos off the same coast.
Criticism of Grundy' Platæa
Authors: Awdry H.
Published: October 2013

While in Greece during the past spring, I procured from Mr. G. B. Grundy his extremely able survey and account of the battle of Platæa, and after reading it I spent every minute of time that I could spare on the ground, with his map. This time unfortunately only amounted to two hours, 5 to 7 P.M., on the first day, and seven hours, 5 A.M. to 12 noon, on the second, including a visit to the site of Platæa itself, wherein I had the company of Dr. Merentites, of Kriekouki, who had most kindly given me hospitality for the night, and his son. Moreover, as the previous day had been a regular downpour, the ground was in its very heaviest condition, and locomotion was by no means rapid. I cannot, therefore, presume to offer any local criticism which is worth considering as against Mr. Grundy's opinion; but I made certain notes at the time, including a strategical criticism of a general character, and have been asked to publish them in this journal.
Note on Marathon
Authors: Bury J. B.
Published: October 2013

Of the four great battles of the Persian Wars, Marathon is the only one in which a visit to the scene suggests no new problem. It is simple to reconstruct Thermopylæ on paper, but a survey of the spot disconcerts all one's calculations, owing to the changes wrought by the advance of the land upon the sea. The view of the straits of Salamis insists upon questions of orientation which hardly arise in studying the descriptions of Æschylus and Herodotus.
The Campaign of Artemisium and Thermopylæ
Authors: Bury J. B.
Published: October 2013

Sailing in a coasting steamer from Athens to Volo, the traveller passes by the region of land and sea in which the first great scene of the second Persian War was enacted. He enters the Malian Gulf and discerns Thermopylæ in the distance; then he sails through the channel between the Achaian and north Eubœan shores, and as he turns into the Pagasæan basin seeks Aphetæ somewhere on the right, while the shore of Artemisium behind him stretches away towards the open sea.
Lesbos
Authors: Rouse W. H. D.
Published: October 2013

In this paper I propose, not to give the history of Lesbos, for which the curious may consult well-known books; nor to offer new geographical details, for which I am not qualified; but merely to recount my impressions of the island, its scenery, products, and people; to mention such remains of antiquity as can still be seen there; and, finally, a few interesting relics of ancient custom which the people to this day observe.

In shape, the island resembles the claw of a crab; the two ends of which enclose a wide gulf. The space enclosed would be contained by a triangle, whose S., N.E., and N.W. sides are about 45, 30, and 25 miles respectively. A backbone of rocks runs round the curve, broadening at the two points into wide stretches of hill country, and sinking into a low and fertile plain round the Gulf of Kalloni. The southern claw itself contains a smaller gulf, that of Hiera.
Apollo seated on the Omphalos: A Statue at Alexandria
Authors: Wace Alan J. B.
Published: October 2013

§ 1.—This small statue of Apollo (Plate IV, a) now in the Museum at Alexandria, is worthy of remark not only from the excellence of the style, but also from the rare occurrence in sculpture of Apollo represented as seated on the Omphalos. In fact so far as I know there is no other statue in the round shewing Apollo so seated.

The provenance of this statue is not definitely known. It was bought in Alexandria in 1892, and may perhaps have been found somewhere in the neighbourhood of that city. Dr Botti in his catalogue of the Museum says:—‘Elle peut appartenir à l'époque hellénistique.’ In my opinion there is no doubt that it dates from the Hellenistic period.

It is of ordinary white marble, and in its present condition is about ·48 metre high. It has suffered considerable damage.