bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salutary effects of moderate but not high intensity aerobic exercise training on the frequency of peripheral T-cells associated with immunosenescence in older women at high risk of breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Niemiro Grace M , Coletta Adriana M , Agha Nadia H , Mylabathula Preteesh Leo , Baker Forrest L , Brewster Abenaa M , Bevers Therese B , Fuentes-Mattei Enrique , Basen-Engquist Karen , Katsanis Emmanuel , Gilchrist Susan C , Simpson Richard
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Immunosenescence is described as age-associated changes within the immune system that are responsible for decreased immunity and increased cancer risk. Physically active individuals have fewer ‘senescent’ and more naïve T-cells compared to their sedentary counterparts, but it is not known if exercise training can rejuvenate ‘older looking’ T-cell profiles. We determined the effects of 12-weeks supervised exercise training on the frequency of T-cell subtypes in peripheral blood and their relationships with circulating levels of the muscle-derived cytokines (i.e. ‘myokines’) IL-6, IL-7, IL-15 and osteonectin in older women at high risk of breast cancer. The intervention involved 3 sessions/week of either high intensity interval exercise (HIIT) or moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT) and were compared to an untrained control (UC) group. RESULTS: HIIT decreased total granulocytes, CD4+ T-cells, CD4+ naïve T-cells, CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTE) and the CD4:CD8 ratio after training, whereas MICT increased total lymphocytes and CD8 effector memory (EM) T-cells. The change in total T-cells, CD4+ naïve T-cells, CD4+ central memory (CM) T-cells and CD4+ RTE was elevated after MICT compared to HIIT. Changes in VO2max after training, regardless of exercise prescription, was inversely related to the change in highly differentiated CD8+ EMRA T-cells and positively related to changes in β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) expression on CM CD4+ and CM CD8+ T-cells. Plasma myokine levels did not change significantly among the groups after training, but individual changes in IL-7 were positively related to changes in the number of β2-AR expressing CD4 naïve T cells in both exercise groups but not controls. Further, CD4 T-cells and CD4 naive T-cells were negatively related to changes in IL-6 and osteonectin after HIIT but not MICT, whereas CD8 EMRA T-cells were inversely related to changes in IL-15 after MICT but not HIIT. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise training alters the frequency of peripheral T-cells associated with immunosenescence in middle aged/older women at high risk of breast cancer, with HIIT (pro-senescent) and MICT (anti-senescent) evoking divergent effects. Identifying the underlying mechanisms and establishing whether exercise-induced changes in T-cell frequency can alter the risk of developing breast cancer warrants investigation.
Poly-γ-glutamic acid enhanced drought resistance of maize by improving photosynthesis and affecting rhizosphere microbial community
Authors: Ma Haizhen , Liu Xingwang , Li Panpan , Li Can , Zhang Shengkui , Wang Xiaohan , Xia Tao
Published: August 2021

Background
Compared with other abiotic stresses, drought stress is a serious causal factor leading to crop yield reduction. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), as an environmentally friendly biomacromolecule, plays an important role in plant growth and regulation.
Results
In this project, the effect of exogenous application of γ-PGA on drought tolerance of maize (Zea mays. L) and its mechanism were studied. Drought dramatically inhibited the growth and development of maize, but the exogenous application of γ-PGA significantly increased the dry weight of maize and the contents of ABA, soluble sugar, proline, chlorophyll and the photosynthetic rate under severe drought stress. RNAseq data showed that γ-PGA may enhance drought resistance of maize by affecting the expression of ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction related genes, photosynthesis-related genes and other stress-responsive genes, which were also confirmed by RT-PCR and promoter motif analysis. In addition, diversity and structure analysis of rhizosphere soil bacterial community demonstrated that γ-PGA enriched the plant growth promoting bacteria such as Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. Meanwhile, γ-PGA significantly improved roots development, urease activity and ABA contents of maize rhizospheric soil under drought stress. This study emphasized the possibility of using γ-PGA to improve crop drought resistance and soil environment under drought condition and revealed its preliminary mechanism.
Conclusions
Exogenous application of poly-γ-glutamic acid could significantly enhance the drought resistance of maize by improving photosynthesis, root development and affecting rhizosphere microbial community.
Putative Variants, Genetic Diversity and Population Structure among Soybean Cultivars Bred at Different Ages in Huang-Huai-Hai Region
Authors: Liu Jialin , Xie Huimin , Lin Ting , Tie Congxiao , Luo Huolin , Yang Boyun , Xiong Dongjin
Published: August 2021

Soybean cultivars bred in the Huang-Huai-Hai region (HR) are rich in pedigree information. To data, few reports have exposed the genetic variants, population structure and genetic diversity of cultivars in this region by making use of genome-wide resequencing data. To depict genetic variation, population structure and composition characteristics of genetic diversity, a sample of soybean population that composed all by cultivars was constructed. We re-sequenced 181 soybean cultivar genomes with an average depth of 10.38x. In total, 11185589 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2520208 insertion-deletions (InDels) were identified on all 20 chromosomes. A considerable number of putative variants existed in important genome regions that may have an incalculable influence on genes, which participated in momentous biological processes. PCA and population structure figured out that there was no obvious grouping trend. The LD semi-decay distances of the five sub-populations were 290kb, 380kb, 753kb, 182kb, and 227kb, respectively. Sub-population A (SA) had the highest value of nucleotide polymorphism (π). With the passage of time, the nucleotide polymorphism of SB and SC decreased gradually, however that of SD and SE, opposite to SB and SC, gave a rapid up-climbing trend, which meant a sharp increasing in genetic diversity during the latest 20 years, hinting that breeders may have different breeding goals in different breeding periods in HR. Analysis of the PIC statistics exhibited very similar results with π. The current study was to analyze the genetic variants and characterize the structure and genetic diversity of soybean cultivars bred in different decades in HR, and in the hope of providing a theoretical reference for other identical studies.
Lung Adenocarcinoma: Next Generation Sequencing and Outcome in Regional Community Oncology Setting
Authors: Skacel Laura , Babcock Michael , Harb Antoine , Curtis Adam , Liou Carter , Brawn Kathleen , Sandor Frantisek , Skacel Marek
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE: To analyze lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) from a geographically unique population of rural Maine by next generation sequencing (NGS), correlate mutational findings with clinical features, patient outcomes and published data from other populations.METHODS: 210 consecutive LUADs diagnosed in 2017-2018 were analyzed for 50 oncogene/tumor suppressor gene hot spots by NGS. ALK, ROS-1, RET and MET were assessed by FISH, PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry. Findings were correlated with age, gender, smoking history, stage, overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and compared to pubished literature.RESULTS: The cohort included 113 (54%) women and 97 (46%) men, ages 33 to 91 (mean: 67.4 years), 52% active and 41% former smokers, 79 (38%) of advanced stage (stage IV). Most frequently detected mutations included TP53 (47.6%), KRAS (38.1%), EGFR (10%), STK11 (8.6%), BRAF (4.8%), MET (3.8%), ABL-1, ATM, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, (all 2.9%), RB-1 and NRAS (2.4%), APC, ERBB4, PTPN11, SMAD4, (all 1.9%), CTNNB1 and ERBB2 (both 1.4%). MET amplification occurred in 3.3%, RET and ALK/ROS-1 rearrangements in 1.4% and 0.5%, high PD-L1 expression in 35.2%. Treatment included surgery/radiation/adjuvant chemotherapy for stages I-II, definitive chemo/radiation therapy and immunotherapy for stage III, immunotherapy, chemo-immunotherapy, targeted therapy, palliative radiation for stage IV. At median of 26 months (minimum 21 month for surviving patients), OS/PFS were 44.3%/39.5%. Stage, male gender, TP53 mutation and KRAS/STK11 co-mutations correlated with adverse OS. In stages I-II, KRAS/TP53 co-mutation was unfavorable. CONCLUSION: NGS testing in a regional oncology setting identified established prognostic/therapeutic markers, as well as additional molecular features correlating with outcome. Our findings support prognostic stratification of LUAD based on the presence of gene mutations outside of the current NCCN guidelines: TP53, KRAS and STK11.
Health care costs and lost productivity costs related to excess weight in Belgium
Authors: Gorasso Vanessa , Moyersoen Isabelle , Heyden Johan Van der , De Ridder Karin , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Vansteelandt Stijn , De Smedt Delphine , Devleesschauwer Brecht
Published: August 2021

Background

This study aimed to estimate annual health care and lost productivity costs associated with excess weight among the adult population in Belgium, using national health data.
Methods

Health care costs and costs of absenteeism were estimated using data from the Belgian national health interview survey (BHIS) 2013 linked with individual health insurance data (2013–2017). Average yearly health care costs and costs of absenteeism were assessed by body mass index (BMI) categories – i.e., underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m²), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m²) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). Health care costs were also analysed by type of cost (i.e. ambulatory, hospital, reimbursed medication). The cost attributable to excess weight and the contribution of various other chronic conditions to the incremental cost of excess weight were estimated using the method of recycled prediction (a.k.a. standardisation).
Results

According to BHIS 2013, 34.7% and 13.9% of the Belgian adult population were respectively overweight or obese. They were mostly concentrated in the age-group 35–65 years and had significantly more chronic conditions compared to the normal weight population. Average total healthcare expenses for overweight and obese people were significantly higher than those observed in the normal weight population.
Effect of Economic Complexity on Services Export Diversification: Do Foreign Direct Investment Inflows Matter?
Authors: GNANGNON Sèna Kimm
Published: August 2021

This article has examined the effect of economic complexity on services export diversification. It has built on two arguments. The first one draws from Eichengreen and Gupta (2013b) and states that countries that export complex products would have a high penetration in the international goods market, and establish a network that could be exploited to expand their range of services export items. Second, by inducing higher inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI), greater economic complexity could contribute to fostering services export diversification. The empirical analysis supported these two arguments. The implications of the outcomes are discussed in the conclusion.
Dynamical phases in a ``multifractal'' Rosenzweig-Porter model
Authors: Khaymovich Ivan , Kravtsov Vladimir
Published: August 2021

We consider the static and the dynamical phases in a
Rosenzweig-Porter (RP) random matrix ensemble with a distribution of
off-diagonal matrix elements of the form of the large-deviation ansatz.
We present a general theory of survival probability in such a
random-matrix model and show that the averaged survival probability may decay
with time as a simple exponent, as a stretch-exponent and as a power-law
or slower. Correspondingly, we identify the exponential, the
stretch-exponential and the frozen-dynamics phases. As an example, we
consider the mapping of the Anderson localization model on Random
Regular Graph onto the RP model and find exact values of the
stretch-exponent \kappaκ
in the thermodynamic limit. As another example we consider the
logarithmically-normal RP random matrix ensemble and find analytically
its phase diagram and the exponent \kappaκ.
Our theory allows to describe analytically the finite-size
multifractality and to compute the critical length with the exponent
\nu_{MF}=1νMF=1
associated with it.
Threats to national security from trafficking network from urban environments to the transnational circulation of illicit drugs
Authors: Hoffmann Pfrimer Matheus , Cançado Motta André Luiz
Published: August 2021

Increased cocaine production and hegemony of transnational routes have strengthened South American drug trafficking networks. This expansion has unfolded into armed violence in Brazil, as Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCO) compete over hegemony of drug corridors and distribution not only in metropolitan regions but, especially, in inner cities. Thus, this study aims to analyze how the new territories of South American drug trafficking relate to the nature and spatiality of violence in Brazil, and to assess what type of direct threat this brings to national security. We have collected georeferenced quantitative data in the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), the Homicide Monitor of the Igarapé Institute, and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). We built our maps and performed our spatial analysis with the Philcarto software. Finally, we observed that the capillarization and hegemony of drug trafficking territories drive the violence in the internal borders and inland cities in Brazil.
Space policy and security changes and continuities in the second age
Authors: Vaz-Ferreira Luciando , Batista Paulo Roberto
Published: August 2021

The present article investigates the space policy related to space security. The objective is to identify changes and continuities between the First (1957-1991) and the Second Space Era (1991-?). From the methodological point of view, the investigation consists of a bibliographic review and a documentary analysis. The paper has two parts: the first reconstructs the space race that occurred during the Cold War, while the second investigates the contemporary dynamics of space security. As final considerations, it was possible to observe continuity in the strategic use of outer space. There are two changes. The first concerns the growing importance of artificial satellites, both from military and economic aspects. The second refers to the plurality of new space actors, which increases the complexity of the interactions and can contribute to the conflict.
DEAF MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION OF RELATIONAL LANGUAGE IN ARITHMETIC COMPARE PROBLEMS
Authors:   High School Math Teacher, Metro Deaf School, Lee ChongMin , V. Paul Peter ,   Department of Educational Studies, The Ohio State University
Published: August 2021

This study examined the performance of deaf and hard of hearing middle school students on arithmetic compare word problems with relational statements. Thirteen prelingual, severe-to-profound deaf students were selected to participate. The results showed that the students were more likely to misunderstand a relational statement and make a reversal error when the required arithmetic operation was inconsistent with the statement’s relational term (e.g., choosing the operation of addition when the relational term was less than). There were no statistical differences in the number of reversal errors and on lexical markedness (i.e., marked vs. unmarked items). Finally, fraction-of-a-number relational terms exerted more influence on students’ abilities to solve word problems than did the lexical markedness. Findings are interpreted in light of the consistency effect hypothesis. Directions for future research and implications for instruction are also provided.
THE PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT TEACHING METHODS IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors:   Elementary School ‘’Mladost’’, Belgrade, Serbia, Stepanović Saša
Published: August 2021

Teaching methods represent the basic, regulatory elements of the teaching process. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of different methods in inclusive Serbian schools. The sample consisted of 16 elementary schools attended by pupils with sensory impairments (visual and auditory impairments: N=69). 382 school classes of sixth and seventh grade were systematically observed to register the frequency of method used. Results have shown that the most frequently used method was the monologue (39,7%) followed by the dialogic method (39,2%) while other methods were used far less often (written/graphic presentation (12,3%), working with text (5,8%) and demonstration (2,8%)). The quality of teaching can be significantly lowered if one method is predominantly used in class. Implications for more effective teaching in inclusive schools are discussed, with special regard to pupils with sensory impairments.
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR FROM THE ASPECT OF THE STRUCTURE OF LEISURE TIME
Authors:   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Muftić Edin , Jahić Adela ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kovačević Ranko ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: August 2021

The aim of the research is to determine the characteristics of the prosocial behavior of primary and high school students in terms of the structure of leisure time. The sample of respondents consists of 230 students of the final grades of primary and high schools, both genders, aged 14-19. The research was conducted in the area of Tuzla during the school year 2017/2018. years. The survey used the measuring instrument "Scale of self-assessment of juvenility behavior YSR". Mann Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis of data. When analyzing the prosocial behavior of primary and high school students in terms of the structure of leisure time, statistically significant differences at the level of p≤0,05 were established in such a way that students with structured leisure time compared to students whose leisure time is not structured more often : are fairly honest, they do things better than most children, they can be pretty friendly, they are skillful with their hands, they fight for their rights, enjoy being with other people, they like to make others laugh, they like to help others.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE EDUCATIONAL LEVEL AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF PARENTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS OF PUPILS OF THE LOWER PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
Authors:   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Begić Leila , Mrkonjić Zamir ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina b, Sitarević Mirza ,   Public institution, Primary school „Duboki potok“, Srebrenik, Bosnia and Herzeg, Kunić Šejla ,   Public institution, Primary school „Han Bila“, Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: August 2021

The main goal of this research was to examine the influence of the educational level and employment of parents on the development of phonological awareness of pupils of first and second primary school grades. The sample of respondents consisted of a total of 70 students whose age ranged from 78 months to 104 months. Observing respondents in relation to gender, 37 were male and 33 were female. The research was conducted in primary schools in the municipalities of Travnik and Novi Travnik in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The obtained results showed that the level of parents' education and the employment of parents influence the development of the phonological awareness of pupils of the first and second grades of primary schools. Namely, phonological awareness was more developed with pupils whose parents were employed and had a higher education level. The obtained results point to the need for professionals to pay more attention to the phonological development of children coming from families of low socioeconomic status. It is very important to timely identify students with difficulties in the development of phonological awareness with the aim of organizing and providing adequate professional assistance. If the student has difficulty in the field of phonological awareness, in that case the mentioned difficulties may also have a negative effect on the learning skills in other areas.
IMPACT OF CONVENTIONAL STOCK MARKET INDEX ON ISLAMIC STOCK MARKET INDEX IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors:   Cantonal Administration for Inspection Affairs of Tuzla Canton, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herezegovina, Djedović Edin , Djedović Irfan ,   Cantonal Administration for Inspection Affairs of Tuzla Canton, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herezegovina
Published: August 2021

This study analyzes the impact of conventional index (SASX-30) on Islamic index (SASE-BBI) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the study are used daily index observations spanning in a period from October 2016 until May 2018. The data is obtained from the Sarajevo Stock Exchange database. Vector Auto-regression analysis (VAR) and Impulse response functions are used in order to estimate the impact. The results show that there is a significant negative impact of conventional index volatility (SASX-30) on Islamic index volatility (SASX-BBI) in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
MATHEMATICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHILDREN THAT SHOWN ABOVE/BELOW AVERAGE SUCCESS AT THE MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Department of mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rešić Sead , Korda Edisa ,   Elementary school “Turbe “ in Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Palić Ahmed ,   Faculty od Education, University of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Omerović Maid ,   Faculty od Education, University of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: August 2021

In this study, we analyzed the emotional and conative characteristics of fourth grade students of elementary school as follows: motivation for learning math, situational interest in learning mathematics during teaching, mathematics anxiety, self-esteem in relation to academic achievement and attributions of success and failure in mathematics. In a sample of 200 students and 20 teachers were analyzed emotional and conative characteristics capable of above-average and below average in math-age students. The study used the descriptive method, a questionnaire and a test. The research results are presented graphically and in tabular form with an explanation and discussion. In the conclusion are set the directions which should further improve this insufficiently studied area.
THE INFLUENCE OF CONTRIBUTION ACTIVITIES OF TURKEY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND KOSOVO ECONOMY
Authors:   Faculty of Business, University ''Haxhi Zeka'', Pejë/Peć, Republic of Kosovo, A. Džogović Suada
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to improve the knowledge about the influence of the Republic of Turkey on the economic development of the Western Balkan countries in the period from 2003 to 2014. The analysis of the activities of the Republic of Turkey shows how much they contribute to the national product, that is, they had influence on the diversification of the economy, generate the income and sustainability of a part of the engaged population in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo. Comparative data of the analyzed countries show that, with oscillatory movements, an increase in total investments of the Republic of Turkey was recorded in the period from 2003 to 2014. From the analyzed period, it is clear that Turkey is pursuing an active economic policy, whose primary objective is to improve economic relations with the Western Balkan countries
CORRELATION OF METABOLIC AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SMOKING STATUS OF STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY IN TUZLA
Authors:   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Tuzla, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kuduzović Edina , Muftić Edin ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Tuzla, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kurtić Azra ,   Faculty of Medicine Tuzla, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jahić Adela ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Tuzla, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: August 2021

Reduced physical activity and an increase in sedentary habits, as one of the factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other diseases, are also present in the youth population. The increasing of sedentary lifestyle and the reducing of physical activity can have negative consequences for the health of both genders, including increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It is believed that almost 50% of young people do not practice regular physical activity. Regular physical activity reduces the risk in adults of early death caused by coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, colon and breast cancer and depression. Studies investigating the sedentary lifestyle of young people in the United States show that the length of watching TV is directly proportional to the frequency of obesity. Daily moderate (medium-intensity) physical activity is beneficial for all people, regardless of age. The World Health Organization, within its "Health for All" strategy for the region of Europe, has set the goal for young people to be healthier and more capable to fulfill their roles in society in the year 2020 and that the psycho-social condition of people needs to be improved and help and service should be available to them, which will be better able to include and be more accessible to people with a mental health problem.
GRAMMATICAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE USE OF GRAMMATICALLY COMPLEX SENTENCES IN CHILDREN WHO STUTTER AND CHILDREN WHO DO NOT STUTTER
Authors:   Public institution, Primary school „Duboki potok“, Srebrenik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sitarević Mirza , Begić Leila ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mrkonjić Zamir ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: August 2021

The main aim of the research was to determine the development of grammar and the use of grammatically complex sentences in stuttering and non-stuttering children, and to determine whether there are differences in the above abilities between these two groups of respondents. The sample of respondents consisted of a total of 64 children aged 56-83 months. Respondents are divided into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 32 stuttering children, of whom 19 were male and 13 female. The control group consisted of 32 children who did not stutter, and who compared with age and gender, were equal with the respondents of the experimental group. The research was conducted in preschools and elementary schools in the area of the Tuzla and Una-Sana Cantons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of the study showed that stuttering children show statistically lower abilities during repetition of sentences, as well as recognition, understanding and use of common morphological forms. However, it is important to point out that children who stutter, regardless of significantly lower results than their fluent speaking peers, have shown above-average grammatical abilities. Also, the results showed that both children who stutter and children who do not stutter in their spontaneous speech use complex sentences.
PAULO FREIRE E O CONSENSO PROGRESSIVO NA GESTÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO MUNICIPAL EM SÃO PAULO. A CUNHA E O FORMÃO.
Authors: Giglio Celia Benedicto , Mendonça Marcos
Published: August 2021

O artigo parte da experiência de gestão dos autores, da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, com o objetivo de relatar o percurso de implementação da política municipal de educação desenvolvida na região do Núcleo de Ação Educativa - NAE-10 (São Miguel Paulista – São Paulo) na gestão Paulo Freire. Analisa as estruturas de gestão desenvolvidas para fazer dialogar o local e o central; pontua práticas de construção do consenso progressivo nesses níveis de governo e desafios correspondentes. Apresenta um balanço provisório das lutas e das apropriações desse legado à população e à educação na região.
DOCUMENTO CURRICULAR DA ESCOLA BRAGANTINA E GESTÃO ESCOLAR DEMOCRÁTICA: UM OLHAR A PARTIR DOS PRINCÍPIOS EDUCATIVOS FREIREANOS
Authors: Maciel Rogerio Andrade , Neves Joana D'Arc de Vasconcelos , Oliveira Marcos Renan Freitas de
Published: August 2021

Este estudo analisa a concepção de gestão escolar democrática Freireana no documento curricular da escola bragantina. Problematiza na antinomia entre o processo de normatização e regulação da escola pública pela lógica dos documentos curriculares contemporâneas e possíveis resistências das redes de ensino. Metodologicamente foi utilizado dois documentos para a coleta e análise dos dados. Conclui que o documento curricular da escola bragantina está para além de qualquer documento normativo e homogeneizador e por ter como primazia os princípios educativos freireanos concebe uma gestão escolar democrática, dialógica, libertadora e crítica.
MOSAICOS DE UMA TRAJETÓRIA ACADÊMICA: HOMENAGEM A NOSSO QUERIDO PROFESSOR CLEITON DE OLIVEIRA
Authors: Calderón Adolfo-Ignacio , Da Costa Rafael Fernando , Wandercil Marco
Published: August 2021

Este documento, em forma de entrevista, eternizam as palavras do nosso saudoso professor Cleiton de Oliveira proferidas dentro do projeto "Vivências e percursos formativos em nível de doutorado: encontro com formadores de formadores”, realizado na disciplina obrigatória “A produção do conhecimento no campo das Ciências da Educação” do recém-inaugurado Doutorado em Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, em 21 de março de 2016.
Flood forecasting using quantitative precipitation forecasts and hydrological modeling in the Sebeya catchment, Rwanda
Authors: Assoumpta Mukakarangwa , Aja Daniel
Published: August 2021

The absence of a viable flood early warning system for the Sebeya River catchment continues to impede government efforts towards improving community preparedness, the reduction of flood impacts and relief. This paper reports on a recent study that used satellite data, quantitative precipitation forecasts and the rainfall–runoff model for short-term flood forecasting in the Sebeya catchment. The global precipitation measurement product was used as a satellite rainfall product for model calibration and validation and forecasted European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) rainfall products were evaluated to forecast flood. Model performance was evaluated by the visual examination of simulated hydrographs, observed hydrographs and a number of performance indicators. The real-time flow forecast assessment was conducted with respect to three different flood warning threshold levels for a 3–24-h lead time. The result for a 3-h lead time showed 72% of hits, 7.5% of false alarms and 9.5% of missed forecasts. The number of hits decreased, as the lead time increased. This study did not consider the uncertainties in observed data, and this can influence the model performance. This work provides a base for future studies to establish a viable flood early warning system in the study area and beyond.
In vitro toxicity studies of novel solar water disinfection reactors using the E-screen bioassay and the Ames test
Authors: Diez Paloma Ozores , Polo-López M. Inmaculada , Martínez-García Azahara , Waso Monique , Reyneke Brandon , Khan Wesaal , McGuigan Kevin G. , Fernández-Ibáñez Pilar , Devery Rosaleen , Quilty Bríd
Published: August 2021

Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a cost-effective point of use method for disinfecting water, usually in a 2 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle. To increase the volume of water disinfected, three novel transparent reactors were developed using PET in 25 L transparent jerrycans, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in tubular solar reactors capable of delivering >20 L of water and polypropylene (PP) in 20 L buckets. In vitro bioassays were used to investigate any toxic substances leached from the plastic reactors into disinfected water as a result of exposure to sunshine for up to 9 months. The Ames test was used to test for mutagenicity and the E-screen bioassay to test for estrogenicity. No mutagenicity was detected in any sample and no estrogenicity was found in the SODIS treated water produced by the PMMA reactors or the PP buckets. While water disinfected using the PET reactors showed no estrogenicity following exposure to the sun for 3 and 6 months, estrogenicity was detected following 9 months' exposure to sunlight; however levels detected were within the acceptable daily intake for 17β-estradiol (E2) of up to 50 ng/kg body weight/day.
Variation of snow cover in the Nyang River basin of southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xu Zongxue , Zuo Depeng , Ban Chunguang
Published: August 2021

Snow cover is highly sensitive to global climate change and strongly influences the climate at global and regional scales. Because of limited in situ observations, snow cover dynamics in the Nyang River basin (NRB) have been examined in few studies. Five snow cover indices derived from observation and remote sensing data from 2000 to 2018 were used to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of snow cover in the NRB. There was clear seasonality in the snow cover throughout the entire basin. The maximum snow-covered area was 8,751.35 km2, about 50% of the total basin area, and occurred in March. The maximum snow depth (SD) was 5.35 cm and was found at the northern edge of the middle reaches of the basin. Snow cover frequency, SD, and fraction of snow cover area increased with elevation. The decrease in SD was the most marked in the elevation range of 5,000–6,000 m. Above 6,000 m, the snow water equivalent showed a slight upward trend. There was a significant negative correlation between snow cover and temperature. The results of this study could improve our understanding of changes in snow cover in the NRB from multivariate perspectives. It is better for water resources management.
Soil moisture migration model based on flux-concentration relation under steady rainfall
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Gang , Zhao Ming-zhi
Published: August 2021

Moisture content distribution in soil is of great importance for understanding rainfall-induced slope failure and roadbed settlement. This study aims to develop a moisture migration model that improves the quantification of moisture content at an arbitrary point of the soil at any time for the whole process of infiltration under steady rainfall. The model was derived from the Richards equation using the flux-concentration relation, which was validated by numerical solutions calculated by Hydrus-1D software to evaluate the performance of the model. Results showed good accuracy and high adaptability for the moisture migration simulation of a wide range of soil types, and is applicable for short-duration and long-duration steady rainfall. Moreover, it can also reflect the stratification phenomenon for soil profile wetting by infiltration. Our analysis indicates that the flux and surface volumetric moisture content together can bound the boundary conditions of rainfall infiltration, which presents a shift from constant-flux to constant-concentration during long-duration steady rainfall. The migration rate of the wetting front in the later stage of infiltration positively correlates with rainfall intensity under the constant-flux condition, while it finally stabilizes at Ks/(θs − θi) under the constant-concentration condition (i.e., Ks – saturated hydraulic conductivity, θs – saturated volumetric moisture content, θi – initial volumetric moisture content).
Devastação Ambiental e Riscos à Saúde: O doloroso Legado do Garimpo de Ouro a Agricultores Familiares da Amazônia Mato-Grossense
Authors: Pereira da Rosa Patricia , Weihs Marla Leci
Published: August 2021

A reemergência dos garimpos artesanais de ouro na Amazônia brasileira tem gerado uma série de inquietações. Afinal, quem arca com os custos da devastação ambiental e dos riscos à saúde gerados pela atividade? Este estudo objetivou analisar o custo socioambiental de um antigo garimpo de ouro a agricultores familiares da área da Pista do Cabeça, município de Alta Floresta – MT. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, cuja análise se baseia em percepções e memórias de 15 agricultores familiares, coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O garimpo deixou um rastro de escavações, fragmentos de terras inférteis e margens de rios e igarapés devastadas. O solo e a vida aquática ainda podem estar contaminados com mercúrio inorgânico e metilmercúrio. Os agricultores especulam que estejam convivendo com certas sequelas geradas pela intensa e longínqua exposição ao mercúrio, bem como ao “pó de garimpo” (dióxido de silício), gerado pela detonação de rochas. As restrições de acesso da população local a serviços médicos especializados, bem como a escassez de estudos ecossistêmicos, limitam o conhecimento da relação entre a atual prevalência de doenças crônicas e os métodos de exploração de ouro, usados na região.
Anticholinergic Exposure in Elderly Complex Chronic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tristancho-Pérez Ángela , Villalba-Moreno Ángela , Santos-Rubio María D. , López-Malo María D. , Santos-Ramos Bernardo , Sánchez-Fidalgo Susana
Published: August 2021

Background:

Elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions are closely linked to polymedication,
a condition that is also highly associated with the presence of adverse effects, such as those observed by anticholinergic
activity. Anticholinergic burden is defined in a very variable way and is described inconsistently
using different scores and providing different interpretations of the risk of suffering from anticholinergic
adverse effects.

Objective:

The objective is to analyse the anticholinergic risk exposure in elderly complex chronic patients.

Methods:

A observational multicentre study was performed for a cohort of complex chronic patients over 65
years who received treatment with at least one drug with anticholinergic activity. Anticholinergic exposure was
assessed using ten scales included in the Anticholinergic Burden Calculator.

Results:

473 patients were recruited, being 67.7% with excessive polypharmacy. 80 was the total number of
anticholinergic drugs with any scale, with a median of 2 drugs with anticholinergic activity per patient (IQR=2).
Three scales evaluated more than 70% of the patients (Chew: 79.1%; Drug Burden Index (DBI): 77.8%; Anticholinergic
Cognitive Burden (ACB): 75.9%). The percentage of different drugs with anticholinergic properties
evaluated ranged from 13.8% (Anticholinergic Burden Classification (ABC)) to 57.5% (DBI) and anticholinergic
drugs prescriptions oscillated from 14% (Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS)) to 53.3% (DBI). 71.1% of patients
were at risk (moderate and high risk) according to DBI vs. 9.7% by ARS at the opposite side. Important
differences of anticholinergic risk in patients with excessive polypharmacy were in ACB, ABC and DBI scales.

Conclusions:

This study has highlighted clear differences between the scales used. DBI seems to be the scale
that identifies a higher number of elderly chronic complex patients at risk of developing anticholinergic adverse
effects.
Fatty Acid Composition in Local and International Food Products
Available in the Maldives
Authors: Naila Aishath , Raheem Raheema Abdul , Ismail Aishath Shaheen
Published: August 2021

Background:

Consumption of food high in saturated and trans fatty acids is a risk factor associated with non-communicable diseases such as overweight, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Till to-date, no study has been carried out to analyze fatty acid contents in the food products available in the Maldives markets.

Aims and objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the fatty acid contents in the food products available in the Maldives supermarkets that are both locally produced and imported into the country. The objective of the study was to collect local and imported food products from the three island markets of the Maldives (Hdh Kulhudhufuish, Naviyani Fuvahmulah and Male’), and analyze the collected food samples for fatty acid composition.

Methods:

A purposive sampling was used to collect fatty food products from the markets of three major islands of the Maldives, Male’, Kulhudhufushi and Fuvahmulah. Total 180 samples were collected and analysed in an accredited laboratory situated in Sri-Lanka, SGS Lanka Laboratory Pvt Ltd.

Results:

The results revealed that 92% of the analyzed products did not detect trans fat and only 7% of the product contained trans fat in the range between <1 to 1.64%. The lowest and highest saturated fatty acids found were in Gulab jamun (0.18 ± 0.03%) and GRB Ghee (62.26 ± 0.68%), respectively. The total fat, mono unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged between 0.45 ± 0.07% to 99.9 ± 0.00%, 0.075 ± 0.01% to 73.58 ± 1.08%, and 0.02 ± 0% to 57.04 ± 0.16%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The food products available in the Maldives supermarkets contained polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, which are healthy for the human body. However, the food products also contained saturated fatty acids and trans fats, which may contribute to non-communicable diseases in excess consumption. However, the finding of this study did not provide the total intake of trans fat and saturated fatty acids by individuals. Thus, it is recommended to conduct a dietary survey to assess the fatty acid intake level of the population and to develop and regulate the dietary guidelines based on the dietary survey findings. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested to conduct awareness programs on the importance of reducing the consumption of trans fats and saturated fatty acids.
Synthesis and Bio-evaluation of 2-Alkyl Substituted Fluorinated Genistein
Analogues against Breast Cancer
Authors: Yao Xu , Zeng Wenbin , Zhu Yingli , Zheng Fan , Xiao Can , Liu Xiaohe
Published: August 2021

Background:

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. The current
methods of chemotherapy for breast cancer generally have strong adverse reactions and drug resistance.
Therefore, the discovery of novel anti-breast cancer lead compounds is urgently needed.

Objective:

This study aimed to design and synthesize a series of 2-alkyl substituted fluorinated
genistein analogues and evaluate their anti-breast cancer activity.

Methods:

Target compounds were obtained in a multistep reaction synthesis. The anti-tumor activity
of compounds I-1~I-35 was evaluated with MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and MCF-10A
cell lines in vitro, with tamoxifen as the positive control. Molecular docking was used to study the
interaction between the synthesized compounds and PI3K-gamma.

Results:

A series of 2-alkyl substituted fluorinated genistein analogues was designed, synthesized,
and screened for their bioactivity. Most of the compounds displayed better selectivity toward breast
cancer cell lines as compared to tamoxifen. Among these analogues, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-9, I-15, and I-17
have the strongest selective inhibition of breast cancer cells. Compounds I-10, I-13, I-15, I-17, and I-
33 were found to have significant inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells. Molecular docking studies
have shown that these compounds may act as PI3Kγ inhibitors and may further exhibit anti-breast
cancer effects.

Conclusion:

Most of the newly synthesized compounds could highly, selectively inhibit breast cancer
cell lines. The experimental results indicate that the synthesized analogs may also have obvious
selective inhibitory effects on other malignant proliferation cancer cells.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Amidine Substituted Monocyclic β-Lactams
Authors: Yang Haikang , Yang Zhixiang , Zhai Lijuan , He Lili , Liu Yuanbai , Myo Ko Ko , Iqbal Zafar , Sun Jian , Ji Jinbo , Ji Jingwen , Mu Yangxiu , Gao Yuanyu , Tang Dong
Published: August 2021

Background:

Mononcyclic β-lactams are regarded as the most resistant class of β-lactams
against a series of β-lactamases, although they possess limited antibacterial activity. Aztreonam,
being the first clinically approved monobactam, needs broad-spectrum efficacy through structural
modification.

Objective:

We strive to synthesize a number of monocyclic β-lactams by varying the substituents at
N1, C3, and C4 positions of azetidinone ring and study the antimicrobial effect on variable bacterial
strains.

Methods:

Seven new monobactam derivatives 23a-g, containing substituted-amidine moieties linked
to the azetidinone ring via thiazole linker, were synthesized through multistep synthesis. The final
compounds were investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activities using the broth microdilution
method against ten bacterial strains of clinical interest. The minimum inhibitory concentrations
(MICs) of newly synthesized derivatives were compared with aztreonam, ceftazidime, and meropenem,
existing clinical antibiotics.

Results:

All compounds 23a-g showed higher antibacterial activities (MIC 0.25 μg/mL to 64 μg/mL)
against tested strains as compared to aztreonam (MIC 16 μg/mL to >64 μg/mL) and ceftazidime
(MIC >64 μg/mL). However, all compounds, except 23d, exhibited lower antibacterial activity
against all tested bacterial strains compared to meropenem.

Conclusion:

Compound 23d showed comparable or improved antibacterial activity (MIC 0.25
μg/mL to 2 μg/mL) to meropenem (MIC 1 μg/mL to 2 μg/mL) in the case of seven bacterial species.
Therefore, compound 23d may be a valuable lead target for further investigations against multi-drug
resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
Synthesis and Molecular Modeling of Novel 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)
benzylamino Benzamides as Potential CETP Inhibitors
Authors: Khalaf Reema Abu , Awad Mohammad , Al-Qirim Tariq , Sabbah Dima
Published: August 2021

Background:

There is an alarming spread of cases of lipid disorders in the world that
occur due to harmful lifestyle habits, hereditary risk influences, or as a result of other illnesses or
medicines. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) is a 476-residue lipophilic glycoprotein that
helps in the transport of cholesteryl ester and phospholipids from the atheroprotective HDL to the
proatherogenic LDL and VLDL. Inhibition of CETP leads to elevation of HDL cholesterol and reduction
of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides; therefore, it is considered a good target for the treatment
of hyperlipidemia and its comorbidities.

Objectives:

In this research, synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling, and biological evaluation
of eight 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylamino benzamides 9a-d and 10a-d were carried out.

Methods:

The synthesized molecules were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and HR-MS.
They were biologically tested in vitro to estimate their CETP inhibitory activity.

Results:

These compounds offered inhibitory effectiveness ranging from 42.2% to 100% at a concentration
of 10 μM. Compounds bearing unsubstituted three aromatic rings (9a) or ortho-CF3 substituted
(9b) were the most effective compounds among their analogs and showed IC50 values of 1.36 and
0.69 μM, respectively. The high docking scores of 9a-d and 10a-d against 4EWS imply that they
might be possible CETP inhibitors. Pharmacophore mapping results demonstrate that the series approves
the fingerprint of CETP active inhibitors and therefore explains their high binding affinity
against CETP binding site.

Conclusion:

This work concludes that 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylamino benzamides can serve as
a promising CETP inhibitor lead compound.