bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CLINICAL, RADIOLOGICAL AND SURGICAL FINDINGS OF XANTHOGRANULOMATOUS CHOLECYSTITIS AN EXPERIENCE AT TERTIARY LEVEL INSTITUTION
Authors: Kumari Bhawana , Kumar Hrishi , Kumar Manoj , Prasad CP Hari , Jana Debarshi
Published: April 2021

Background: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a benign disease of gallbladder which presents almost classically similar with the chronic
calculus cholecystitis, but it mimics GB carcinoma intraoperatively. Materials and methods:In our study, 54 cases were found in a study period of
2 yr in which histopathological reports was xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis whether the pt underwent lap/radical/open or lap converted open
cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis and chr. cholecystitis and suspicious carcinoma GB. They were retrospectively analysed for getting an idea
preoperatively to differentiate them on clinicoradiological ground and while during surgery. Datas were Results and Observation:
retrospectively analysed and observed that clinical and biochemical features are non specic. Imaging in the form of USG and CT does help but not
to that much extent to accurately diagnose them. intraoperatively presence of dense adhesion and loss of fat plane to surrounding structures creates
a big dilemma for the operating surgeon and multiple frozen section biopsy can be of immense help here in guiding further treatment course
.Frozen section analysis was not present at our institution so we did not avail its use. Our study is an attempt to derive any correlation Conclusion:
between clilnicoradiological and intraoperative aspects preoperatively for the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Although its
incidence is greater here than other countries due to rising gallbladder diseases but till this time it is concluded that neither clinical nor
radiologically xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis can be ruled out preoperatively. Only histopathological diagnosis is absolutely correct, and in
our study we concluded that histopatholigal diagnosis is still the gold standard.
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVEL WITH RESISTANT HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN DIABETIC AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Kumar Manish , Faisal Syed Yousuf , Chandra Jha Sudhir , Jana Debarshi
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Both diabetes mellitus and hypertension are aspects of metabolic syndrome. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum magnesium level with resistant hyperlipidemia in a group of diabetic and hypertensive patients. Patients And Methods: The present cross- sectional study was carried out on 90 hypertensive and diabetic patients in Medicine Department of DMCH, Laheriasarai, Bihar, (45 hypertensive and 45 diabetic patients). Included patients had high triglyceride levels despite 8 weeks of treatment with lipid-lowering agents. Results: There was an inverse signicant relationship between serum magnesium and triglyceride levels in diabetic patients (P=0.002, r=-0.458), however, this correlation was not signicant in hypertensive patients (P=0.754, r=0.048). Conclusion: This study showed, serum magnesium may affect triglycerides levels in diabetic patients, however, our nding requires further investigation with larger population
"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EARLY NEONATAL MORBIDITIES OF LATE PRETERM AND TERM NEONATES"
Authors: Manocha Jatin , Mahajan Kusum , Kumar Anuj
Published: April 2021

Background- Newborn infants are unique in their physiology and the health problems that they experience. Neonatal period is dened from birth
to under four weeks of age. Late preterm infants may physiologically and physically appear like infants born at term, but most late preterm infants
may undergo complications like respiratory distress, apnea, hypothermia, feeding problems, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, sepsis, and
mortality. AIM-To compare the clinical prole of late preterm neonates with term neonates. MATERIALAND METHODS: This prospective
observational study was carried out in neonatal division of department of pediatrics MMIMSR, Mullana. Eligible neonates delivered at MMIMSR,
Mullana born from 34 weeks up to 42 weeks gestation were included. All infants enrolled in the study was followed daily till rst 7 days of life for
any morbidity by clinical evaluation and review of hospital records.104 preterms included in the study and 226 term neonates were included in the
study. Results- Preterms born via LSCS and NVD were(58%vs.42%).Morbidities in late preterms were Hypoglycemia (21.2% vs. 9.3%),
Hypothermia (15.4%vs5.7%), hypocalcaemia (38.4% vs. 5.3%), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(67.3% vs. 30.5%), feeding difculties(44.2% vs.
14.6%), sepsis(40.4% vs. 19.5%), respiratory support(53% vs. 47%)
À cabeça de Negro, as imagens (in)visíveis da Cor
Authors: Bonfim Marcela
Published: April 2021

As potências de um corpo negro – imaginário - em busca de formas e lugares próximos à sua ancestralidade.
THE TRADITIONS OF JAPANESE CERAMICS
Authors: Polanski Zhanna
Published: April 2021

The article focuses on an important topic - the traditions of Japanese ceramics. Its relevance lies in the importance of solving the problem of identifying artworks: whether they are fake or original. Incorrect attribution of an item can lead to severe legal and material consequences and significantly affect the reputation. Differences between the terms “a copy” and “a forgery” with the assessment of positive and negative aspects of falsification are revealed. Highly qualified specialists with certificates and diplomas are required to identify and attribute art. The article shows the main requirements they must have. It also highlights and covers the characteristics and central problem of Western art, describes the ideology of Eurocentrism, according to which Europe, or the West, is the highest stage of human civilization; the rest of the world is considered primitive and undeveloped. A vivid example of an error in identifying a work of art by the Getty Museum - the sculpture Head with Horns and several cases of creating grandiose first-class forgeries in the art of Japanese ceramics are presented in the article. The works of such artists as Kato Tokuro, a ceramic artist whose works have won the highest artistic award in Japan and are widely recognized among collectors and curators of the West, Kagami Shukai, and Kato Koju have been studied. The article describes the Setoceramic tradition and its significance for common cultural art. It was created by the great Kato Shirozaemon and got its name from the name of the city in Japan, famous for its pottery. The article shows the importance of traditional methods in Japanese ceramic art history. Hence the desire of masters to follow ancient patterns and techniques. The article also describes the features and reveals the differences between traditional and Studio ceramics. The characteristics of the Asian approach, which aims to reproduce cultural values in an unchanged form, parallel with the development of progress in other areas, are studied. The article’s main task is to teach how to detect an obvious forgery by analyzing genuine ceramic products’ characteristic features. For this purpose, significant analysis of the distinctive features of authentic ceramic products is given. Several techniques and methods for determining the authenticity of the exhibit are presented.
The House of Friderici as a Lost Element of the Background Development in Tsarskoye Selo
Authors: Dayanov Raphael , Zalmanzon Anna
Published: April 2021

The paper considers the history of the construction of lost element of the background building in Tzarskoe Selo – by the modern address Saints-Petersburg, town of Pushkin, 21, Krasnaya Zvezda street. This house was built in 1938 and was many times rebuilt and finally completely lost its initial appearance, but is still on the place of its construction. On the base of archival researchers, we manage to reveal the sequence of its reconstructions and architectural features of the building in the various periods of its existence. We have determined names of architects who participated in design and construction of the house (I.A. Rezantzev, A. A. Ton) and also found names of its owners in different periods. It was thought that widow Frideretzi was the first owner of the house. Our studies show that there were at least two owners before her. Genealogical studies allowed collecting information about Elisabeth Frideritzi, who was in fact the last but not the only owner of the house in the prerevolutionary period. The survived drafts and pictorial representations, published for the first time in our article, help to produce detailed description of the building. Special attention of the authors paid to the reconstruction to the design of architect V.D. Sokolov in 1909 – 1910. The fate of the background buildings in town of Pushkin in 20th century turned tragically. During the World War II the town was occupied by Nazi. 85% of buildings were destroyed completely, and the rest needed serious renovation. In 1947 the former house of Frideritzes was reconstructed in the style of Soviet classicism, and its initial appearance was distorted. The paper gives the critical description of the architecture of the building. In the 1960 the building has had the capital repair, which changed its internal plan. The building now keeps size and scale of the initial background building, other elements, which define its city planning significance are lost. The object lost its authentic appearance and therefore cannot be considered object of history of culture.
The Image of a Vicious Circle in Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin’s Art World
Authors: Pavlova Irina
Published: April 2021

The article examines the image-symbol of a vicious circle in the work of the social satirist M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. This image, plays an important role in creating a picture of the Russian national world. The circle embodies integrity, continuity, initial perfection and – hopelessness, fate, dead end. In the works of the satirist, the image-symbol of a vicious circle carries the meaning of stagnation, lifelessness, denial of the future, mysterious predestination. With regard to the social sphere, this image-symbol was used in the 19th century. French socialist-utopian Charles Fourier in his work “The New Economic and Societal World, or the Invention of a Method of Attractive and Naturally Appropriate Labor Distributed in Series of Passions”, a representative of the radical democratic wing in Russian journalism D. I. Pisarev (article “Realists”). In the works of Saltykov-Shchedrin, the idea of avicious circle appears repeatedly. The satire “The History of a City” testifies that the despotic forms of government, replacing one another, the power of the reactionary dark forces are a kind of fate for the country and the people. The existence of representatives of the local nobility, the popular masses, moves in a vicious circle, marked by stagnation, hopelessness, emptiness, and lack of hope for the future. The same can be said about the situation in the Russian outback: there only meaningless repetitions of events, the renewal of identical phenomena are possible. The conservative-protective desire to mythologize history, an apology for absolutism, is fraught with the danger of distorting the meaning of history, its driving forces, denying the centuries-old trials that have befallen the country and the people. For Saltykov-Shchedrin, the image of a vicious circle is associated with the riddle of Russian national destiny, which he has been trying to comprehend over the years. Striving for the ideal of social harmony, overcoming the vicious circle of predetermination for the enlightener, moralist was associated with both social transformations and moral renewal of the individual, with the awakening of Shame, Conscience and Truth in an individual and in the whole society, with their spiritual transformation, which gives an opportunity to make a breakthrough, initiate a purposeful life-giving movement forward.
All’antica life style: private thermae in Italian Renaissance architecture
Authors: Revzina Yulia
Published: April 2021

The heritage of antiquity was the basis of Italian Renaissance architecture and inexhaustible source of inspiration for its masters. Among the facilities of par - ticular interest for architects and lovers of the epoch were the Roman thermae. Their parts and elements brought to life a variety of spatial solutions in architecture of tem - ples, villas and cathedrals. However the attempts to lit - erally build the thermae similar to Roman ones in time of Renessaince were rare to encounter. The most detailed description of Renessaince ther - mae was given by Giorgio Vasari in the life story “ On Le - one Leoni Aretino and other sculptors and architects” which involves the brief biography of Galeazzo Aless - si. It narrates, among others, about the thermae built by Galeazzo Alesssi on Grimaldi (later Sauli) villa in Bisagno nearby Genova (the building was not saved). According to Vasari, the thermae were octagonally planned pavilion with the round pool in its centre. The interior was worked in antique style. The article gives an insight into efforts to build the private thermae during Renaissance, prior to Villa Grimaldi’s pavilion, which testifies to customers’ looking to reconstruct all’antica lifestyle in private life particularly on the villa which, following an - cient men of latters was regarded as ‘temple of muses’.
Optimization of Step-By-Step Care for Patients in Intensive Care Units Based on Grade 6 of the Rehabilitation Routing Scale
Authors: Belkin Andrey A. , Rudnik Evgenyi N. , Belkin Vladimir A. , Pinchuk Elena A. , Lipovka Nadezhda S.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Evaluation of ICU patients on specialized scales, such as the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and the rehabilitation routing scale (RRS), allows you to determine the degree of dependence on outside help in connection with the development of PICS syndrome, to decide on the level of complexity of the upcoming rehabilitation, and to route the patient to the appropriate rehabilitation center or palliative care department. Aims: Analysis of the experience of application RRS in the system of routing patients in intensive care units for rehabilitation treatment. Methods. As a result of the application of the routing algorithm based on the application of both scales, 224 patients with the level of dependence of RRS 56 (mRS 5) were selected for the examination of the rehabilitation potential and the re-habilitation attempt during 2019. Results. At the end of the rehabilitation course, 60 patients showed a decrease in the level of dependence to 34 points for both mRS and RRS. In 164 patients, the rating on the Rankin scale did not change (mRS 5), while the score on the RRS score of dependence in 135 decreased to 5 points. By the time of discharge, 29 patients with CNS continued to meet the criteria of RRS 6. All of them were verticalized to the level of landing in the chair and included in the remote tele patronage. During the quarterly visits, 9 patients showed signs of realizing their positive prognosis, underwent repeated rehabilitation courses during 20202021, and reduced the level of dependence to RRS 45. In practical terms, a decrease in the grade of SRM to 5 indicated that the patient was ready to stay at home, while patients with SRM 6 remained in need of highly qualified care, requiring at least a referral to the palliative care unit. From the point of view of the mRS scale, both described patient categories corresponded to 5 points, i. e., based on the assessment of the patients condition according to mRS, it was not possible to draw conclusions about further patient management tactics. Conclusions. Thus, the experience of using the RRS scale demonstrated its effectiveness in routing patients with acute cerebral injury and showed greater sensitivity and specificity in comparison with mRS.
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Sarana Andrey M. , Kamilova Tatyana A. , Lebedeva Svetlana V. , Vologzhanin Dmitry A. , Golota Alexander S. , Makarenko Stanislav V. , Apalko Svetlana V.
Published: April 2021

Cardiac rehabilitation based on exercise therapy is a valuable treatment for patients with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases. Current guidelines support its use in patients with stable chronic heart failure and coronary artery disease, after myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, coronary artery bypass grafting, coronary stent placement, and valve surgery. Its use in these conditions is supported by a robust body of research demonstrating improved clinical outcomes. The significant clinical improvement obtained through the regular training in patients with cardiovascular diseases is the result of a complex interplay of different effects: 1) improved cardiopulmonary efficiency and pulmonary functional capacity; 2) amelioration of myocardial perfusion by reducing endothelial dysfunction and by inducing new vessel formation; 3) improved myocardial contractility; 4) counteract the muscle wasting and cachexia; 5) reduction of the systemic inflammation; 6) attenuation of the sympathoexcitation, a typical feature of CHF, even in the persistence of cardiac dysfunction. Despite this evidence, cardiac rehabilitation referral and attendance remains low and interventions to increase its use need to be developed.
Do we need a new “recipe for salvation” of criminal law? (Mournful reflections about A.S. Alexandrov’s and I.A. Alexandrova’s article)
Authors: Kibalnik Alexei
Published: April 2021

This article presents a response to the work of A.S. Alexandrov and I.A. Alexandrova entitled «Proceduralstrategy for the development of criminal law in the XXI century». These authors state the decline of the Russian doctrine of criminal law, characterized by its «archaism» and the impossibility of rejecting «dogmas». They offered a very original «recipe for salvation» of the domestic science of criminal law through its «procedural revolution».

The author of the article gives a number of arguments against the reasoning of Professors Alexandrovs. In particular, it is emphasized that the overwhelming majority of modern specialists in the field of criminal law do not raise the question of his «seniority» over the criminal process. Further, if the question of the criminality of an act is decided by the court and/or by the prosecution side authorities then practically any act of behavior can be arbitrarily declared criminal (or vice versa). Finally, some of the «dogmas of criminal law» that Professors Alexandrovs were talking about are simply absent in the doctrine. In particular there is no principle of «inevitability of criminal liability» as a mandatory punish-ability of any crime, the postulates of «invariability of the criminal legal basis» of responsibility, of «social justice» of criminal punishment.

The article indicates that professors Alexandrov’s (deliberately or unknowingly) distorted doctrinal positions on a number of problems of criminal law (for example, on the assessment of «white-collar» crime, on the «fragmentation» of norms on fraud).

A general conclusion about the inadmissibility of the «procedural revolution» of Russian criminal law is made.
Problems of ensuring economic security in the face of new threats
Authors: Makareyko Nikolay
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problematic issues of ensuring economic security that arise in the light of new threats. Measures for diagnostics, prevention and elimination of new threats in the area under consideration are proposed. The article was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project no. 19-011-00083 A «Legal Responsibility in the Mechanism of Ensuring National Security».
Innovation and work of scientists
Authors: Skachkova Galina
Published: April 2021

This article discusses issues related to the work of scientists (researchers) in the context of modern innovations. The article reveals the features of legislative consolidation in the Labor code of the Russian Federation of a number of rights and obligations of researchers in the field of labor (at the conclusion and termination of an employment contract, competition and certification). Based on the analysis of the relevant regulatory legal acts, some problems encountered by certain categories of researchers in the field of remuneration are shown. The importance of addressing the issue of working hours of researchers using modern technologies, which is aimed at the adoption of the Federal law on remote (remote) work, is emphasized.
Implementation of the model of remote professional training of police officers by the University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Vasiliev Vyacheslav , Labutin Vitaly
Published: April 2021

Admission of an employee of the internal affairs bodies to the independent performance of official duties in the position he holds in the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is possible only after passing professional training. In the past the interior Ministry and its territorial bodies of internal affairs reform has been reduced a significant amount of vocational training centres of territorial bodies of the MIA of Russia in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the laying on of responsibilities implementation of programmes of professional training of police officers at the universities of the interior Ministry. The pandemic restrictions imposed on the territory of the Russian Federation have translated this training into a remote format. This article discusses various aspects of professional training of police officers, implemented by educational organizations of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia using the model of distance learning activities.
Gender characteristics of career attitudes of future police officers
Authors: Savchyenko Irina , Gorbachev Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The results of a survey aimed at identifying common and special features in the career attitudes of young men and women studying at the university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and preparing to become police officers are discussed. The authors come to a number of conclusions that are of value for the organization of the educational process in educational institutions that train future police officers.
The identity of the subject who commits crimes in the field of public procurement for municipal or state needs
Authors: Dolinko Vasily
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the issues of the identity of the subject who commits criminal acts in the field of public procurement for municipal and state needs. The state and its law enforcement agencies reliably protect the economic security of our sovereign country, effectively countering crime in the field of state procurement, protecting the economic sovereignty of our country, protecting our state from the destructive impact of external and internal threats and factors, from dangers and various negative challenges and risks in the field of economic security of the Russian Federation.
The problem of public underestimation of household corruption
Authors: Chernyshev Dmitry , Shcherbak Nikita
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of the authors using the method of content analysis of the criminological study of the attitude of society towards everyday corruption, and the effectiveness of preventive measures for this negative phenomenon. As a result, the dependence of such an attitude on the socio-economic status of the offender, and the general low level of effectiveness of measures of state propaganda of anti-corruption behavior were established.
Grant as a legal form of innovation support: concept, content, difference from related categories
Authors: Rep'ev Artem , Pershina Irina
Published: April 2021

The author analyzes modern trends in state-legal construction in the Russian Federation, one of which is the focus on innovative activities. It is hypothesized that among the most effective forms of supporting innovation is a grant. The concept, essence, functional characteristic of a grant as a kind of privilege is studied. On the basis of the analysis of the legal doctrine, rules of law and law-enforcement practice the intrinsic lines of a grant allowing to carry out difference sides from adjacent categories of jurisprudence and institutes of the legislation, first of all, such as a subsidy, a grant and so forth stand out.
On the question of the substantive and procedural components of the prosecution in criminal cases
Authors: Aleksandrova Irina , Ryabkov Evgeny
Published: April 2021

Prosecution and justice form the basis of the criminal procedure system. The form of the charge determines the type of criminal process. The transition to an adversarial type of process consists only in changing the investigative form of bringing charges to the judicial form. the substantive component of the prosecution is related to the mechanism of bringing to criminal responsibility. Criminal prosecution should be carried out by the court if the charge is recognized as legitimate.
Attributes of criminalistics
Authors: Afanas'ev Aleksey
Published: April 2021

This article continues the author’s reflections on the essence and content of the sciences of the anti-criminal cycle. Previously, the object, subject and methodology of the science of criminal procedure [1; 2], new scientific specialty 5.1.4 — Criminal law sciences [3], as well as certain provisions of criminalistics [4—6]. Within the framework of this article, it is necessary to approach the attributes of the science of criminalistics and try to understand what they are.
Turning outwards or inwards? The experience of a Mexican indigenous model of community-driven and intercultural education in a globalized world - La Universidad de los Pueblos del Sur
Authors: Méndez-Bahena Alfredo , Domínguez-Corona Anna Rosa , Méndez-Bahena Norma Elena , Brito-Millán Marlene
Published: April 2021

The neocolonial undercurrent of internationalization that drives educational policies and standards, imposes a EEUUrocentric worldview and perspective of human development upon the global South. Beyond the discourse of international cooperation, this vision sustains what Quijano describes as the ‘coloniality of power’ that deepens inequalities between universities of the global North and South. In Latin America, there are various alternative educational projects, including indigenous universities that turn inwards toward rich pluriversal contexts, histories of resistance, and diverse tapestries of knowledge to address local problems and train youth to  generate new horizons for ongoing indigenous and afro-mestizo social movements. This article is a reflective analytical account of our seven-year experience as volunteer educators at the Universidad Intercultural de los Pueblos del Sur (UNISUR) from an intercultural and decolonial feminist perspective. Founded in 2007 in southern Mexico, UNISUR was formed as a grassroots indigenous university of and for the original peoples of Guerrero state. Our account disrupts the hegemonic vision of an internationalized education that sustains racialized ‘colonialities of power’ and instead proclaims the right to self-determination, to the empowerment of women, and to an education based on principles of decolonial epistemic equity.
Key words: Pedagogy, Indigenous Education, Epistemology, Decolonial feminism, History
How to cite this article: Méndez-Bahena, A., Domínguez-Corona, A.R., Méndez-Bahena, N.E. & Brito-Millán, M. 2021. Turning outwards or inwards? The experience of a Mexican Indigenous model of community-driven and intercultural education in a globalized world - La Universidad de los Pueblos del Sur. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. 5(1): 107-128. DOI: 10.36615/sotls.v5i1.163.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FAKTOR DETERMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI MOTIVASI PELAKSANANA ZIS DI NU CARE-LAZISNU KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Muhammad Fauzi  , Nurul Khusni Afida  , Ageng Prasetyo
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji adanya pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, religiusitas dan pendapatan terhadap motivasi Masyarakat Kendal dalam menuanikan zakat, infaq dan sedekah. Penelitian ini melakukan pengumpulan data dengan penyebaran kuesioner pada 88 muzzaki di lembaga NU CARE-LAZISNU Kabupaten Kendal. Variabel dependennya adalah motivasi berzakat, infaq dan sedekah, Variabel independentnya adalah tingkat pendidikan, religiusitas dan pendapatan. Teknik pengujian data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik dan analisis regresi berganda dan hipotesis di uji dengan t test dan F test dan R2.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat pendidikan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap motivasi berzakat, infaq dan sedekah. Adapun religiusitas dan pendapatan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi berzakat, infaq dan sedekah. Secara simultan tingkat pendidikan, religiusitas dan pendapatan berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi berzakat, infaq dan sedekah. Hasil Adjusted R square menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan, religiusitas dan pendapatan besarnya terhadap motivasi berzakat, infaq dan sedekah. Hal ini ditunjukan dalam persentase pada pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, religiusitas dan pendapatan sebesar 72,8%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 27,2% di pengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti.

Kata Kunci: ZIS, Tingkat Pendidikan, Motivasi

 

 

This study aims to examine the existence of the influence of the level of education, religiosity and income on the motivation of giving ZIS (zakat, infak ad sedekah) of Kendal people. This study collected data by distributing questionnaires to 88 muzzaki in the NU CARE-LAZISNU institution Kendal Regency. The dependent variable is the motivation to give zakat, infaq and sedekah. The independent variables are the level of education, religiosity and income. The data testing technique used in this research is validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test and multiple regression analysis and the hypothesis is tested by t test and F test and R2.

The results showed that the level of education did not have a significant effect on the motivation to give zakat, infaq and sedekah. On the other hand, Religiosity and income have a significant effect on the motivation to give zakat, infaq and alms. Then, the level of education, religiosity and income simultaneously have a positive effect on the motivation to give zakat, infaq and sedekah. The results of the Adjusted R square show that the level of education, religiosity and income is the amount of motivation to give zakat, infaq and sedekah. This is shown in the percentage of the influence of education level, religiosity and income of 72.8%, while the remaining 27.2% is influenced by other variables not examined.

Keywords : ZIS, Level of Education, Motivation
Whose West and Whose Universal? Ana Teixeira Pinto in conversation with Katarzyna Bojarska
Authors: Pinto Ana Teixeira , Bojarska Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

A conversation with Ana Teixeira Pinto, a co-curator of "The White West", a series of conferences, podcasts, publications and interventions.
Insights on Wine Connoisseurs for the Wine Tourism Industry
Authors: Fournier Vincent
Published: April 2021

This article suggests that studying wine culture may help to further understand wine tourism. The broader culture of wine consumption has an influence on the motivation and interest that people have for visiting a wine region or a winery. This study takes an anthropological approach
to wine consumption culture and identifies specific topics of interest that connoisseurs find in wine and that may be relevant to wine tourism. The study is based on fieldwork and interviews with wine connoisseurs from Montreal (Canada). It identifies four main dimensions through which people
engage with wine. The first factor concerns the formal discoveries offered by wine, the second, its social and cultural significance, the third, its producers and their values, and the fourth, the experimentation of theoretical knowledge in the context of wine regions. Each of these four dimensions
offers a means for better understanding the visitor experience at wineries.
The Miracle of General Equilibrium
Authors: Pilkington Philip
Published: April 2021

If general equilibrium theory does not accurately explain what happens in the real world, then what does? Philip Pilkington casts a critical eye over the foundations of mainstream economics.
Einstein’s Entanglements
Authors: Bernstein Jeremy
Published: April 2021

In three short pieces, Jeremy Bernstein explores Einstein’s evolving views on quantum theory, Einstein and Oppenheimer’s contrasting conclusions about black holes, and Einstein’s longstanding friendship with Michele Besso.
Striking Second First
Authors: Dupuy Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2021

In theory, nuclear weapons are pure deterrence. Except, terrifyingly, the world’s nuclear arsenals remain on hair-trigger alert, at risk of becoming an accidentally explosive doomsday machine. Jean-Pierre Dupuy reviews The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner by Daniel Ellsberg.
The Social Set
Authors: Berlinski David
Published: April 2021

Nicholas Christakis’s Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society argues it is our genetic destiny to construct societies built around generous and moral behavior. David Berlinski is not so optimistic. In his review of Christakis’s work, Berlinski riffs on various reasons to be less rosy.
The Concept of Self
Authors: Sankaran Neeraja
Published: April 2021

In 1960, Macfarlane Burnet became Australia’s second winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine. Neeraja Sankaran examines his wide body of work and enduring significance, both at home and abroad.
Progress Overlooked
Authors: Martins Pedro Tiago
Published: April 2021

Robert Berwick and Noam Chomsky’s rhetoric is misleading, claims Pedro Tiago Martins. Martins believes that the real work in the study of language evolution is being done elsewhere.
Long Lost Love
Authors: Glashow Sheldon Lee
Published: April 2021

In her book Lost in Math, Sabine Hossenfelder argues that physics has been led astray. In his review, Sheldon Lee Glashow replies that if physics has indeed been derailed, beauty, although it may be at issue, is not at fault.
Mindful of the Brain
Authors: Grohmann Kleanthes
Published: April 2021

Is Merge really in the brain or is it kept in the mind? Kleanthes Grohmann takes aim at Juan Uriagereka’s review of Language in Our Brain, by Angela Friederici.
On the Road from Unfreedom
Authors: Babiracki Patryk
Published: April 2021

What prevents democracies in crisis from spiraling into a cycle of violence and conflict between the populace and an illiberal state? Patryk Babiracki explores this troubling question.
Enchantment as Cosmological Meaning
Authors: Flood Gavin
Published: April 2021

If the meaning of life was once tied to our location within the cosmos, then this has now been replaced by meaning being located within the bounds of our own lives and intentions.
Germany and the Euro
Authors: Kerber Markus
Published: April 2021

In Germany, like the European Union, fiscal equalization is a source of agonizing and endless arguments. The only logical conclusion, according to Markus Kerber: reform is impossible, death certain.
Inequality and Human Rights
Authors: Young Katharine
Published: April 2021

The human rights movement has done little to address economic inequality. So says Samuel Moyn in Not Enough: Human Rights in an Unequal World. Reviewer Katharine Young disagrees. The good work promoting equality has been done, but this time, it has been done outside the United States. Had Moyn originally looked to where Young is now pointing, his book would have been much improved.
A Means to an End
Authors: Prieto Alberto
Published: April 2021

Can data-driven approaches help researchers reconstruct Roman history? Scientific methods are now being used to reexamine ancient slavery, wealth distribution, health, and the costs of trade. Such approaches are demonstrated in The Science of Roman History: Biology, Climate, and the Future of the Past, edited by Walter Scheidel. But Alberto Prieto finds not enough of the book’s data to be Roman.
A Personal Recollection
Authors: Roberts Richard
Published: April 2021

The American biochemist Kary Mullis passed away on August 7, 2019, at the age of seventy-four. He will be remembered as the inventor of the polymerase chain reaction, a revolutionary method for copying segments of DNA. Mullis was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his invention. In this short essay, fellow Nobel laureate Richard Roberts fondly recalls time spent together.
The Cell Biology of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Futerman Anthony
Published: April 2021

The critical point in the life cycle of a virus is gaining entry into a host cell so that the virus can replicate. Anthony Futerman describes the distinct biological features of SARS-CoV-2, including its method of entering host cells. He finally urges more support for basic science research so that future biologists will be better prepared to stem diseases before they reach pandemic proportions.
Inevitability and Eternity
Authors: Machcewicz Paweł
Published: April 2021

In The Road to Unfreedom, Timothy Snyder examines the prospects for Europe and America in light of what he describes as efforts by Russia to exert its influence in democratic processes. Snyder also explains the significance of a little known twentieth-century philosopher and ideologue, Ivan Ilyin, for present-day Russian politics. Paweł Machcewicz shares Snyder’s concerns.
Some Like It Hot
Authors: Jordan Andrew , Manikandan Sreenath
Published: April 2021

Rather than it being a hot mess, Landauer’s principle is easily understood, easily derivable from basic principles of thermodynamics and statistical physics, and in accordance with experimental tests.
On Louis Bachelier
Authors: Bernstein Jeremy
Published: April 2021

Since Louis Bachelier’s only lasting contribution to mathematics seems to have been his thesis, it is not clear what one would say in a full-length biography. It is a curious and rather sad story...
The Philosopher and the Practitioner
Authors: Tertrais Bruno
Published: April 2021

A political scientist warns against an exceedingly theoretical, partly obsolete, overly pessimistic, and ultimately incomplete view of nuclear deterrence and the risks associated with nuclear weapons.
The Pre-Clovis Peoples
Authors: Nakazawa Yuichi
Published: April 2021

Scholars have long debated the timing and route by which humans first arrived in the New World. In “Late Upper Paleolithic Occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA, ~16,000 Years Ago,” published in Science, Loren Davis et al. used radiocarbon dating to establish a chronology for artifacts, and evidence of human activity, that has pushed migration 2,800 years earlier than previously thought.
Life Lessons
Authors: Hewitt John
Published: April 2021

Shoichi Kato et al. have exploited the minimalist cell architecture and mitochondrial dynamics of Cyanidioschyzon merolae to shed new light on life at its most primitive stage of endosymbiosis. Inside this small red algal cell lives a mitochondrion. Kato et al. find that Aurora kinase controls mitochondrial division. In this review, John Hewitt explores the mechanisms of this division.
Chlorine and Seawater
Authors: Severinghaus Jeffrey
Published: April 2021

The inert chloride ion has an exceedingly long residence time and high concentration in the ocean. It accumulated over 120 million years or so, mainly from inputs such as rivers and volcanoes.
Hennig, Phylogenetics, and Evolution
Authors: Wiley Edward
Published: April 2021

Around 520 BCE, Xenophanes observed that people’s concepts of their gods are reflections of themselves. So it is with scientists we admire. Andrew Brower has put his own assumptions onto Willi Hennig.
An Unfinished Revolution
Authors: Wheeler Quentin
Published: April 2021

The revolution in systematics begun by Willi Hennig is unfinished and, unless biologists abandon goals that have been central to the discipline for centuries, its completion ought to be a top priority.
On the Futility of Contact Tracing
Authors: Bhattacharya Jay , Packalen Mikko
Published: April 2021

Throughout the COVID-19 epidemic, public health authorities have promoted contact tracing as a key tool to combat the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Jay Bhattacharya and Mikko Packalen argue that contact tracing does not deserve the central place it has received in the tool kit public health authorities use to control the virus, and that, in some cases, it may make an outbreak worse.
Les énigmes de la matière noire
Authors: Luminet Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2021

Dévoiler la nature de la matière noire est l’un des plus grands défis de l’astrophysique. Jean-Pierre Luminet fait la lumière sur cette question.
Disinformed
Authors: Garfinkle Adam
Published: April 2021

Deepfakes are a form of powerfully realistic, digitally manipulated image or video designed to deceive. Adam Garfinkle traces the history of deception and analyzes the problems the world faces now that easily accessible technology can create an illusion of reality more convincing than any produced in the past. Now is a time in which the line between reality and the spectacle have been blurred.
Black Holes and Quantum Gravity
Authors: Barrau Aurélien
Published: April 2021

The search for a quantum theory of gravitation is considered one of the most important problems in theoretical physics. Might black holes provide a key? Researchers are beginning to think that the emergence of a true black hole astronomy based on the measurement of gravitational waves and radio interferometry could bring quantum gravity into the field of experimental or observational science.
The Social Cetaceans
Authors: Fox Kieran
Published: April 2021

Though separated from human beings by tens of millions of years of independent evolution, whales and dolphins are highly intelligent and social animals, recognizably like human beings, if only in ways that we can sense but cannot quite measure. Kieran Fox reviews historical attitudes toward cetaceans, studies of cetacean communication, and links between brain size and sociability.
Sights Unseen
Authors: Bachelot Renaud
Published: April 2021

Can we make mice see the invisible? Renaud Bachelot reviews striking developments in the emergent field of nano-optics and nanophotonics—particularly, new results which explore making infrared visible to mice. To what degree might this be practical for humans?
On the Origins of Life
Authors: Hansma Helen , Miller Brian
Published: April 2021

The perspective Brian Miller and Jeremy England bring to their essay on the origins of life is that of physics. Yet the origins of life are, ultimately, chemical and biological.
Cooper’s Ferry Revisited
Authors: Fiedel Stuart
Published: April 2021

Contrary to the assertions made by Loren Davis et al., the evidence of a pre-13,500 cal. BP occupation at Cooper’s Ferry is meager and does not prove a Pacific Rim migration took place.
A Gentle Giant
Authors: Losee Robert MacLean
Published: April 2021

Claude Shannon was an unmatched problem-solver, whether in electrical engineering, mathematics, or cryptography, but he is known chiefly for the creation of information theory. In a review of A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age, Robert MacLean Losee surveys Shannon’s life and work, drawing special attention to his early, but formative, intellectual experiences.
COMPACT COMPLEMENT TOPOLOGIES IN BITOPOLOGICAL SPACE
Authors: Emwas J.A. , Hdeib H.Z.
Published: April 2021

Let $(X, \tau_{0}, \tau_{1})$ be a Hausdorff space, where $X$ is an infinite set. The compact complement topologies in bitopological space $(X, \tau_{0}, \tau_{1})$ are $\tau_{0}^*$ and $\tau_{1}^*$ where $\tau_{0}^*$ = $\{\emptyset\}$ $\cup$ $\{X \setminus M_{0} : M_{0}$ is $\tau_{0}$-compact\} and $\tau_{1}^*$ = $\{\emptyset\}$ $\cup$ $\{X \setminus M_{1} : M_{1}$ is $\tau_{1}$-compact\}. Throughout this paper, some properties of the space $(X, \tau_{0}^*, \tau_{1}^*)$ are studied in $ZF$ and we prove some conditions hold in $ZF$.
Empowering the caregiver network of farmers with a disability: A case study of the North Carolina AgrAbility project
Authors: Minus Kristoff , Woods Janine , Roberts Richie , English Chastity , Rodriguez Beatriz
Published: April 2021

A majority of farmers with a disability rely heavily on caregivers to ensure they can fulfill their daily roles and responsibilities. Family members, such as spouses, parents, siblings, and children, are the most common caregivers. However, little is known about the resources and support needed to ensure these individuals can successfully navigate this complex role. In response, the North Carolina AgrAbility Project has provided caregivers with education, resources, and support so that these individuals can better assist farmers with a disability to minimize the job-related obstacles they face. In the current study, we sought to examine how caregivers of farmers with a disability have been empowered through the North Carolina AgrAbility Project. When viewed through the lens of Zimmerman’s empowerment theory, four themes emerged (a) barriers to empowerment; (b) intrapersonal empowerment; (c) interactional empowerment; and (d) behavioral empowerment. Consequently, findings from this investigation documented that caregivers navigated key barriers to become empowered after receiving assistance from the North Carolina AgrAbility Project. Further, their experiences in AgrAbility changed how they approached supporting farmers with a disability. In response, we provide recommendations for better supporting and leveraging the caregiver network of farmers with a disability.
monstruo posmoderno en la narrativa de Rafael Ángel Herra
Authors: Chaverri Amalia
Published: April 2021

La novela costarricense se inicia en el siglo xx, amparada a un marcado realismo literario. Desde entonces, ese fue el canon literario constructor de nuestra noción de identidad. Casi un siglo después, en 1980, se inicia un proceso de ruptura: aparición de nuevos tópicos y formas literarias, propios de los movimientos de vanguardia. Este acercamiento a la narrativa de Rafael Ángel Herra, uno de los iniciadores de estos movimientos de vanguardia, implica un análisis de los temas y formas en que paulatinamente inicia su alejamiento del género realista, y construye, gracias a recursos fantásticos, maravillosos y fabulescos, y a un uso erudito de la intertextualidad como principio creador, la figura de un monstruo que se aleja de sus antecedentes realistas y se incorpora con holgura en la literatura postmoderna.
El apocalipsis como simulacro postraumático en "Cenital" de Emilio Bueso
Authors: Saldías Rossel Gabriel
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es responder una pregunta: ¿es posible una narración social original tras el fin de la era postmoderna? En consonancia con los diversos “finales” –históricos, meta-narrativos,  etc.- de las teorías posestructuralistas, este trabajo tiene por finalidad explorar el apocalipsis secular como estrategia discursiva y narrativa para hablar de la imposibilidad de generar nuevas construcciones sociales ficticias tras el advenimiento de la catástrofe. Todo el análisis estará centrado sobre la novela del español Emilio Bueso, Cenital (2012). En momentos profundamente post-apocalíptica, a veces completamente distópica, Cenital es siempre reflexiva en torno a su constitución como producto cultural en la era del capitalismo tardío. La narración de Cenital pone en evidencia las carencias, contradicciones y temores de la sociedad postmoderna frente a la idea del fin y es justamente gracias a estas falencias que permite la irrupción de la incertidumbre que caracteriza la hipótesis de este estudio.
Presentación. Realidad virtual y cibercultura
Authors: López Pellisa Teresa
Published: April 2021

Introducción al dossier monográfico
Presentación. Últimas noticias del realismo en España
Authors: Florenchie Amélie
Published: April 2021

Introducción al dossier monográfico.