bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of anthropometric measurements of premature children with physical developmental delays at preschool age
Authors:   Research Institute of Pediatrics named after K. Farajova, Baku, Azerbaijan, Nasibova S.N. , Gadzhieva A.S. ,   Research Institute of Pediatrics named after K. Farajova, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: June 2024

Assessment of child growth and development is crucial for paediatricians, as delays in these areas have significant socio-economic implications and their treatment can be costly. Aim. To evaluate the anthropometric measurements of premature children with physical developmental delay at preschool age. Materials and methods. The retrospective and prospective studies were conducted. A total of 108 children participated in the study. The children were classified into three groups: the main group, the comparison group, and the control group. The average age of children in the main group was 3.9±0.20 years, in the comparison group it was 4.2±0.19 years, and in the control group - 4.1±0.15 years. The main group (group I, n=57) was further divided into two subgroups: subgroup IA comprised 45 children born with a body weight appropriate for gestational age, subgroup IB consisted of 12 children with low body weight for gestational age (LBWGA). The comparison group (group II; n=31) was also divided into two subgroups: subgroup IIA included 26 children born with a normal body weight for their gestational age, subgroup IIB consisted of five children born with a low body weight for their gestational age. The control group comprised 20 premature infants born at 29-36 weeks of gestation with relatively satisfactory antenatal and intrapartum periods and no physical developmental delays. Physical development was evaluated based on anthropometry measurements, including height and body weight. Results. The study included 57% male and 43% female children. Among the children with physical developmental delay, 37% were from the first gestation, 44.3% from the second gestation, and 18.7% from the third gestation. When analysing the data, a significant difference was found in height (p=0.0002) and body weight (p=0.0006). In the main group, children born with low body weight for gestational age showed more pronounced growth retardation, while in the comparison group, premature children differed from full-term ones with more significant growth retardation. Conclusions. The study revealed that children born with low birth weight for gestational age have differences in body weight and height compared to children with appropriate weight for gestational age. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee the aforementioned institution. Informed consent for the study was obtained from the parents of the children. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Topography and dimensions of the auditory tube at the end of the fetal period
Authors:   Bukovyna State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Sapunkov O.D. , Bogdanova L.O. ,   Yuzko Medical Center Prospect, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Kosakovskyi A.L. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kosakivska I.A. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Syniachenko V.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Otitis media in premature newborns and term newborns is a serious problem due to the immaturity of the organs and systems of these children and the difficulty of their adaptation. This often leads to the development of pathological changes in the hearing organ and the need for surgical intervention. The aim - to find out the topographic and anatomical features of the auditory tube at the end of the fetal period to improve technologies and the adequacy of surgical treatment. Material and methods. The study was performed on 35 human fetuses of 231.0-375.0 mm parietococcygeal length (PCL) and 11 neonatal cadavers. In the course of the study the following methods were used: thin dissection of the middle ear and adjacent areas under the control of a binocular loupe; macro- and microscopy; morphometry; macro photography with digital camera "OLIMPUS μ 1000 All-weather 10.0 MPix". Results. It has been established that the size and shape of the auditory tube in premature babies do not have definitive dimensions and its location differs from that in term newborns. The pharyngeal openings of the auditory tubes are located at the level of the hard palate, and in term newborns - above the level of the hard palate. The tympanic openings from the lower part of the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity in fetuses of the seventh month of intrauterine growth completely move to its upper part and open into the supratympanic space in fetuses of the tenth month. Conclusions. The defined features of the development of the auditory tube at the end of the fetal period are important for the improvement of technologies and the adequacy of surgical treatment and manipulations in premature babies and term newborns. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution indicated in the work. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
The influence of risk factors on the formation of insufficient growth of the fetus
Authors:   Perinatal Center of Kyiv, Ukraine, Yarotska Yu.O. , Govsіeіev D.О. ,   Perinatal Center of Kyiv, Ukraine,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Fetal growth retardation is defined as the condition of a fetus whose weight is less than 10% of the gestational weight age, that is, the fetus does not reach its genetic growth potential. Aim - to determine the risk factors contributing to the formation of fetal growth retardation. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of medical documentation of 110 patients (main group) with a confirmed fetal growth restriction and 70 pregnant women of the control group, searching risk factors for fetal growth restriction. Results. The frequency of abnormalities of the umbilical cord and placenta was 24.5% in the main group against 4% in the control group. Extragenital diseases occurred in 74.5% versus 20% in the control group. In addition, uterine malformations (6.3% in the main and 2% in the control groups), low weight before pregnancy 41.8% in the main and 20% in the control group. Heavy bleeding in the I and II trimesters of pregnancy - 10% in the main group versus 2% in the control group, abnormal biochemical markers of I and II screening - 56.3% in the main group versus 30% in the control group. Conclusions. Insufficient growth of the fetus is a multifactorial pathology, among the leading pathogenetic factors of extragenital diseases, uterine malformations, additional reproductive technologies, low maternal weight before pregnancy. Except moreover, risk factors for fetal growth retardation are previous births a child with a low weight, the interval between pregnancies less than 18 months and the mother's age is over 35 years old. 13.6% of pregnant women with insufficient fetal growth had more than 3 factors risk (in the control group - 1.4%), however, more than a third of patients who had such a pregnancy complication (35.4%) had none of the listed risk factors, which prompts further research into pathogenesis. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all institutions mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the children's parents was obtained for the research. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Prosodic Weight Effect on Focal Accent of Standard Chinese
Authors: Guo Jia , Yang Lei , Sun Yanting
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the phonetic performance of narrow information focus, as compared to broad focus, within different sentential positions of the Chinese Subject-Verb-Object (S+V+O) syntax structure. Three acoustic parameters of focus, including the pitch range ratio, duration ratio, and intensity ratio, were taken to explore the ranking among these parameters and to analyse the impact of focus position on their interrelationships. The results showed that (1) Chinese, as a tonal language, exhibits a prosodic ranking characterized by duration > pitch range > intensity; (2) Chinese speakers tend to emphasize verbs within the S+V+O syntax structure, particularly when verbs are positioned in the middle of sentences. The prosodic ranking observed was Fmiddle > Finitial > Ffinal; (3) Pitch range and duration display interdependence as acoustic parameters, whereas intensity stands as an independent parameter. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of phonetic nuances within Chinese prosody, shedding light on the intricate interplay between focus, syntax, and prosody.
Word Segmentation in Sentence Reading by Learners of Chinese
Authors: Shen Helen H. , Liao Jianling , Ni Yueru
Published: June 2024

This study adopted an experimental approach to compare two groups of third-year students learning Chinese in sentence reading comprehension with and without a word segmentation exercise at a southwestern American university. The t-test showed that the experimental group, which received a word segmentation task followed by immediate feedback before reading, outperformed the non-experimental group, which received no treatment before reading. The correlation analysis confirmed that four types of word segmentation errors were moderately correlated with four types of translation errors. This study concluded that introducing word segmentation exercises could facilitate reading comprehension. Based on the findings, pedagogical implementations were suggested.
Challenges and Strategies in Teaching Mandarin Chinese Tones
Authors: Zhai Siyu , Gong Yang , Zhang Luyao
Published: June 2024

Tone instruction is an integral component of Chinese as an additional language (CAL) education. The present study aimed to explore the challenges and strategies of teaching of Mandarin Chinese tones in the multilingual and multicultural context of Macau SAR, China. Employing a qualitative methodology, this study drew on multiple data sources (e.g. classroom observations and interviews) of five participants. It revealed various challenges in teaching Mandarin Chinese tones, such as the backgrounds of CAL learners, the teaching context, and the sociocultural environment. At the same time, the teacher participants employed a range of strategies that included cognitive, emotional, and behavioural aspects to address these challenges. This study not only enriches our understanding of the complexities of Mandarin Chinese tones teaching but also provides practical implications for CAL teachers in teaching Mandarin Chinese tones within complex teaching contexts.
O RECONHECIMENTO ANATÔMICO DA INERVAÇÃO DA REGIÃO INGUINAL DURANTE HERNIOPLASTIA PREVINE A INGUINODINIA? UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Sigwalt Ana Júlia Ribas , Dias Gabriella Micheten , Pocay Lívia Dala Déa Ferreira , Santos Mahara Freitas dos , Oliveira Tailla Cristina de , Sigwalt Marcos Fabiano , Tabushi Fernando Issamu , Franco Leonardo Wanderloff , Guerra Fernando Weiss , Tawil Abdo Imad El , Malafaia Osvaldo
Published: June 2024

Introdução: O canal inguinal é região propensa a hérnias que podem ter indicação cirúrgica. Embora a videocirurgia possa ser menos agressiva, a identificação dos ramos nervosos é necessária para diminuir a incidência de inguinodinia que pode ocorrer mesmo com essa via minimamente invasiva.
Objetivo: Revisar a incidência e os motivos da inguinodinia nos procedimentos cirúrgicos laparoscópicos na correção das hérnias inguinais.
Método: Revisão sistemática, realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS e Google Scholar no período de 2018 a 2024, incluindo artigos em português e inglês. De 1.758 artigos, 10 foram selecionados.
Resultado: Os principais achados da pesquisa comprovaram que o reconhecimento e a devida identificação anatômica dos principais nervos da região inguinal durante a operação – ílio-hipogástrico, ilioinguinal e ramo genital do genitofemoral - são capazes de diminuir as chances de os pacientes desenvolverem dor crônica na região inguinal após hernioplastia. A perícia e experiência do cirurgião ao evitar trauma nos nervos locais garante qualidade de vida aos pacientes e reduz a exposição deles a eventuais novas intervenções subsequentes para tratamento de inguinodinia.
Conclusão: A prevenção é a medida mais importante tratando-se de erradicar a inguinodinia. Dessa maneira, o profissional deve ter conhecimento suficiente da topografia mais frequente da passagem dos principais nervos e seus ramos para evitar lesões iatrogênicas.
Peter Artedi: Reformer of 18th Century Zoology, Vol. I: Peter Artedi's Life and Works
Authors: Aili Hans , Pietsch Theodore W.
Published: June 2024

In this attempt to bring together in a single volume all that is known about the Swedish naturalist Peter Artedi, a chronicle of his life is provided, beginning with his early upbringing in the Parish of Anundsjö, Ångermanland, his school days at Härnösand, his ten years at Uppsala University, his time in England, his life and work in Holland, and ending with his untimely death by drowning in an Amsterdam canal at age 30. Benefiting enormously from an early friendship with the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus, famous for establishing binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms, the two early on made elaborate plans to classify plants and animals in ways that would later be described as revolutionary. Artedi, being more interested in zoology, took on the fishes, amphibians, and reptiles—as well as the plant family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae), while Linnaeus, who was already by this time working on his sexual system for plants, took all the remaining vegetable kingdom, the insects and birds. Both agreed to work independently on minerals and mammals. Although passing before he had a chance to publish on his part of the plan, Artedi left behind a wealth of material in manuscript, mainly on the biology of fishes but also on quadrupeds, that is here translated into English from the original Latin and analyzed in light of present-day knowledge. In addition to adding details to what is already known, thanks to a number of eminent scholars, about the life of Peter Artedi, an important secondary goal of this work is to formulate a new perspective on the usefulness in practice of Artedi’s zoological methods, which no naturalist had heretofore put to paper. Readers will be surprised at the depth and breadth of his contributions, especially his work on fishes, which has earned him the well-deserved title of “Father of Ichthyology.”
PREVALÊNCIA DE USO DE MEDICAMENTOS E REMÉDIOS CASEIROS PARA PREVENÇÃO DE Covid-19: estudo de base populacional
Authors: Helfer Schneider Ana Paula , Muller Karoline Eduarda , Nunes Bruno Giumelli , Piovesan Mariana Tatsch Souza , Hermes Vanessa Caroline , Menezes Rochele Mosmann , Valim Andréia Rosane de Moura , Gaedke Mari Angela , Koepp Janine , Possuelo Lia Gonçalves , Carneiro Marcelo
Published: June 2024

Introdução: a pandemia de Covid-19 trouxe um comportamento da população quanto ao uso de medicamentos e remédios sem eficácia comprovada. Objetivo: mensurar a prevalência e perfil de utilização de medicamentos e remédios caseiros para prevenção da Covid-19 na região do Vale do Rio Pardo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Método: estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em quatro etapas cuja coleta foi efetuada a domicílio no período de agosto a outubro de 2020. Foi questionado sobre o uso de medicamentos e remédios caseiros, e coletados dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, clínicos e comportamentais, com realização de teste rápido de anticorpos IgM e IgG. Foi realizada análise descritiva e bivariada entre uso de medicamentos e os dados sociodemográficos. Avaliou-se através do teste do qui-quadrado a tendência linear e a heterogeneidade de proporções, considerando o valor de p<0,05. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 4.252 indivíduos. A prevalência do uso de medicamentos e remédios caseiros foi de 7,8% (IC95%: 6,5-8,17). Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram o Bálsamo Alemão® (Vitamina E) (43,7%), ivermectina (26,6%) e outras vitaminas (17,9%). Os remédios caseiros mais relatados foram o própolis (70,4%) e os chás (25,6%). O uso de medicamentos foi maior em indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais (8,1%), com ensino superior (10,4%), renda familiar maior de R$6.271 (10,3%), moradores da zona rural (6,9%) e com pelo menos uma morbidade (8,0%) (p<0,05). Conclusão: apesar de baixo, destacou-se consumo de medicamentos e remédios caseiros sem comprovação científica para prevenção da Covid-19. É necessária uma discussão sobre o tipo de acesso às informações e a necessidade de uma assistência farmacêutica mais difusa e efetiva no cuidado da população, viabilizando o uso racional de medicamentos.
ELABORAÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE PROTOCOLO EM TELENUTRIÇÃO
Authors: Oliveira Nathan Santos , Batista Santana Francismayne , Andrade de Souza Campos Amanda Cristina , Santos de Jesus Teles Ana Carla , Souza Dourado dos Santos Aurélio Marco , Oliveira Costa Maycon George , Silva Santos Pedro , Mendes-Netto Raquel Simoes
Published: June 2024

Introdução: com as restrições ocasionadas pela pandemia de Covid-19 evidenciaram-se a necessidade da construção de protocolos de teleconsulta para continuidade da assistência nutricional. Objetivo: elaborar, validar e avaliar a efetividade de um protocolo para aconselhamento nutricional on-line na melhoria das práticas alimentares. Método: para elaboração do protocolo, foram considerados os aspectos do atendimento presencial e o “Protocolo de Uso do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira” voltado ao público adulto. A elaboração, discussões, adequações e a validação do protocolo de teleconsulta em nutrição se deu nas reuniões cientificas, onde foram avaliados todos os itens do protocolo. Foi também realizado o estudo piloto, sendo proposto um programa nutricional on-line com dois grupos distintos: o multicomponente – que recebeu o protocolo composto pelas estratégias múltiplas combinadas; e o tradicional, que recebeu apenas a teleconsulta em nutrição. A efetividade foi avaliada por meio da avaliação do escore da escala de práticas alimentares, aplicada no início e ao final do estudo. Resultados: destaca-se a elaboração do protocolo de teleatendimento em nutrição para acompanhamento nutricional dos pacientes, por um período de 12 semanas, além dos 11 materiais educativos. Além disso, houve também a validação que atingiu a concordância máxima de todos os itens do protocolo. No estudo piloto, antes da intervenção, o grupo multicomponente apresentava média de 43,0 (13,2) pontos, após o programa pontuou 54,0 (5,6) no escore, evidenciando melhora das práticas alimentares. O grupo tradicional também melhorou após o acompanhamento, porém em menor expressão, evoluindo de 43,3 (8,6) para 50,8 (6,3) pontos.  Conclusão: houve a elaboração de um protocolo efetivo de teleconsulta em nutrição, sendo este uma ferramenta crucial na melhora dos hábitos alimentares, viabilizando a organização das ações assistenciais através da telenutrição e contribuindo na promoção da saúde.
BENEFÍCIOS DA EQUOTERAPIA NO TRATAMENTO DE PESSOAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Santos de Paula Nathália , De Meira Cardoso Tainara , Dias Antunes Mateus , Larissa Leonel Roberta , Gaspar Palácio Siméia
Published: June 2024

Introdução: o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é caracterizado pela dificuldade de comunicações verbal e não verbal, com ausência de reciprocidade social, que se apresenta por meio de comportamentos repetitivos, interesses fixos e adesão a rotinas, além de desordens no equilíbrio, alterações do tônus, cardiorrespiratórias, dificuldades na noção de tempo e espaço. A equoterapia é uma das intervenções fisioterapêuticas que auxilia o desenvolvimento de indivíduos diagnosticados com TEA. Objetivo: identificar e avaliar os efeitos da equoterapia no tratamento de crianças com TEA. Método: foi elaborada uma revisão, por meio de artigos disponíveis nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed, Periódico da Capes e Pedro, utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde e critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: a equoterapia pode representar um método alternativo de reabilitação para auxiliar no aprendizado e desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras, sociais, de comunicação e de linguagem, além de reduzir comportamentos desadaptativos. No desenvolvimento motor, contribui para maior participação em esportes; menores dificuldades em andar e correr; menores dificuldades no desenvolvimento de tarefas domésticas; redução do tempo de planejamento em uma tarefa de resolução de problemas; melhores coordenação e orientação; e coordenação dos membros e força. Já em relação às habilidades sociais e cognitivas, contribuiu para maior atenção às aulas; melhora no acompanhamento dos trabalhos escolares; melhor frequência escolar; melhoria nas habilidades de resolução de problemas; redução da irritabilidade; redução da hiperatividade; e melhoria nas habilidades de comunicação verbal. Conclusão: deve ser considerada a equoterapia como terapia auxiliar no tratamento do TEA.
Practice-based research in architecture at the University of the Free State
Authors: Noble Jonathan Alfred
Published: June 2024

The Department of Architecture at the University of the Free State (UFS) established a new practice-based research programme in 2018, facilitating creative research toward master's and doctoral degrees. The programme is a first for South Africa, and possibly for Africa at large. In this paper, I consider research modalities that are proving to be pertinent to the programme, illustrated by examples of work currently underway at the university and which are new to South Africa. I seek to locate the specificity of creative research within the expanded nature and qualities of architecture conceived as a medium. This medium constitutes a vast nexus of relationships involving persons, environments, and things. I argue that creative research in architecture aims to harness and document the ingenuity of the designer's medium toward a rejuvenation of design practice. I address three primary questions: What is the medium of architecture?; What is research in the medium of architecture?; and How might one go about designing a creative architectural thesis? I also consider operative concepts such as design as proto-research, the research gap, speculative hermeneutics, tacit knowledge, exegesis, and discovery that leads to the renewal of creativity.
Dos reflexiones colombianas a partir de Norbert Elias
Authors:   Universidad EAFIT
Published: June 2024

Este libro está compuesto por dos conferencias que tienen en común las investigaciones del sociólogo Norbert Elias. En la primera, Malcolm Deas explora, con su lectura del libro Los alemanes, las posibilidades de comparación entre Alemania y Colombia con el fin de comprender la dificultad para definir un “carácter nacional” a través de algún valor superior aceptado por todos los colombianos. En el segundo texto, Jorge Giraldo se apoya en El proceso de la civilización, para usar este concepto como categoría alternativa a las de industrialización y modernización. Estas reflexiones exploran nuevos enfoques para entender la realidad colombiana y ofrecen a los lectores dos formas de proceder frente al uso de teorías sociológicas e históricas que buscan dilucidar las complejidades del comportamiento humano en sociedad.
Extraction of essential oils by hydrodistillation of four aromatic species: Conditioning, extraction conditions, yield and chemical composition
Authors: Olascuaga-Castillo Karyn Alicia , Castillo-Medina Olga , Villacorta-Zavaleta Marleni , Diaz-Ortega Jorge , Blanco-Olano Cyntia , Altamirano-Sarmiento Dan , Valdiviezo-Campos Juan
Published: June 2024

Essential oils are one of the most important products in the agricultural and food industry, as they are obtained from aromatic plants using various extraction techniques, such as steam distillation or hydrodistillation. However, these methods present challenges, such as low efficiency, limited selectivity, extensive use of solvents and long extraction times. Moreover, the quality of the oils obtained can be affected by hydrolysis or oxidation due to the duration and amount of water used in the process. This review updates the information on Clevenger-type hydrodistillation extraction of four high-value commercial plant species: Matricaria chamomilla, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum vulgare, and Eucalyptus spp. The aim is to evaluate the results of original articles, considering the origin and characteristics of the plant material, extraction conditions, yield and metabolites. The search covered a 10-year period (2013-2023) in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as species names and terms “essential oils” and “hydrodistillation”, with Boolean connectors such as OR, AND or NOT. The results show that quality and yield are influenced by factors such as geographical regions of origin, plant part used, drying techniques or extraction conditions (plant material/water ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, etc.). In future research, the conditions associated with the plant material and the extraction process need to be optimized in obtaining high quality essential oils.
New prime number theory
Authors: Budee U Zaman
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces a novel approach to estimating the sum of prime numbers by leveraging insights from partition theory, prime number gaps, and the angles of triangles. The methodology is applied to infinite sums and the nth sum, and several ways of defining the nth sum of a prime number are proposed. By using the Ramanujan infinite series of natural numbers, it is possible to derive an infinite series of prime numbers.
Evaluating the potential for re-using timber from deconstructed sea defence groynes from the Bournemouth groyne field
Authors: John Williams , Dennis Jones
Published: June 2024

Groynes have been part of the coastal appearance for centuries, helping prevent coastal erosion resulting from the littoral drift of material with prevailing sea currents. Whilst the use of rock groynes increased during the late 20th Century, the use of timber still remains the material of choice. Their performance depends upon the timber species used, and often sections are suitable for re-use. Assessment of the replacement of groyne fields in Bournemouth, United Kingdom appears to show the suitability of certain species to be re-used. Results indicated that ekki was the most suitable species for re-use, closely followed by greenheart.
Microbial communities around seeds promote Zostera marina germination
Authors: Yuki Nakashima , Takumi Sonobe , Masataka Kusube
Published: June 2024

Eelgrass meadows are vital not only for sustaining marine biodiversity as marine ecosystems but also for carbon fixation as blue carbon. However, the national decline in eelgrass meadows in Japan, which was initiated by economic growth in the 1980s, prompted the implementation of conservation measures. This study explored the fundamental techniques of the sediment environment to enhance Zostera marina seed germination rates. We investigated the microbial origin of Zostera marina seeds under anaerobic conditions and assessed their germination efficiency. Anaerobic sediments in the eelgrass meadows were found to increase eelgrass germination rate by 6% more than aerobic sediments. And interestingly, the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrionaceae and Sulfurospirillaceae were detected mainly on eelgrass seeds. Our result clearly indicated that the sulfate-reducing bacteria around Zostera marina seeds create anaerobic conditions that promote germination through their sulfate-reducing function. Therefore, when developing new eelgrass meadows, it can be expected to improve germination rates by preparing the sediment environment to facilitate the increase of SRB coexisting with seeds. However, the difference in bottom sediment conditions varies by region, so it is necessary to be careful when adding or removing something. In addition, germination and growth of eelgrass must be considered separately, and factors that promote growth are not described in this work. The result of this study was an important finding for the implementation of Blue Carbon activities to improve sediment quality prior to the creation of eelgrass meadows and can also support eelgrass meadows maintenance after establishment.
Single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of frozen human lung tissue and hPCLS v1
Authors: Monroe Heidi , Cardenes Nayra , Eickelberg Oliver , not provided koenigshoffm
Published: June 2024

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become an essential tool for delineating cellular diversity in normal tissues and alterations in disease states. This technique requires the dissociation of tissue specimens into cell suspensions. However, the isolation of intact cells can be challenging due to factors such as fragility, large size and tight interconnections. Additionally, single-nuclei isolation can be performed on frozen tissue, enabling the analysis of biobanked samples in a single batch. This protocol for single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) provides an alternative approach to scRNA-seq, overcoming these limitations to generate high-quality transcriptomic data. The analysis of gene expression at the cellular level has proven to be a powerful tool for understanding various aspects of lung biology and disease, particularly the process of lung aging. Aging affects different cell types within the human lung heterogeneously, leading to a range of associated changes in their function. Examining the patterns of gene expression in the numerous lung cell types provides insights into the aging and disease processes that contribute to cellular dysfunction. By analyzing these changes at the single-cell level, we can delineate the complex cellular diversity in the human lung and track alterations in molecular pathways involved in the dynamic process of lung aging. Understanding these gene expression patterns will offer opportunities for timely interventions and the identification of biomarker for early prognosis and personalized treatment therapies. This protocol collection describes the process of single nuclei RNA sequencing from nuclei isolation from frozen tissue (whole, or from PCLS), to barcoding, library construction and sequencing.
Modelling human neuronal catecholaminergic pigmentation in rodents recapitulates age-related multisystem neurodegenerative deficits v1
Authors: Laguna Ariadna , Peñuelas Núria , Vila Miquel
Published: June 2024

Methods used in the manuscript entitled "Modellinghuman neuronal catecholaminergic pigmentation in rodents recapitulatesage-related multisystem neurodegenerative deficits"
Nuclei Isolation from Frozen Tissue or Frozen hPCLS v1
Authors: Monroe Heidi , Cardenes Nayra , not provided koenigshoffm
Published: June 2024

This protocol follows the "Chromium Nuclei Isolation Kit" guidelines for the process for isolating Nuclei from frozen tissues and/or PCLS (Precision-Cut Lung Slices) for use in compatible 10x Genomics Single Cell assays.
Gene Expression Dual Index Library Construction v1
Authors: Monroe Heidi , Cardenes Nayra , not provided koenigshoffm
Published: June 2024

The Chromium Single Cell Gene Expression Solution upgrades short read sequencers to deliver a scalable microfluidic platform for 3’ digital gene expression by profiling 500-10,000 individual cells per sample. Once cDNA is amplified, enzymatic fragmentation and size selection are used to optimize the cDNA amplicon size. P5, P7, i7 and i5 sample indexes, and TruSeq Read 2 (read 2 primer sequence) are added via End Repair, A-tailing, Adaptor Ligation, and PCR. The final libraries contain the P5 and P7 primers used in Illumina amplification. This protocol details the gene expression dual index library construction and sequencing.
New Cross-Border Standards of Conduct for Arbitrators in International Arbitration
Authors: Savranskiy M. Yu.
Published: June 2024

The paper deals with topical issues of improving the regulation at the international level of the rules concerning the conduct of arbitrators in international commercial and investment arbitration. Two new documents are highlighted: the Code of Conduct for Arbitrators in the Settlement of International Investment Disputes, prepared by the working group of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), and the 2024 edition of the guidelines of the International Bar Association (IBA) regarding conflicts of interest in international arbitration. The Code of Conduct for Arbitrators is applied in the framework of International Investment Dispute (IID) proceedings, but may be applied in the framework of proceedings in any other dispute by agreement of the parties to the dispute. Along with the requirements for the independence and impartiality of arbitrators, the Code introduces restrictions on the simultaneous performance of several functions, as well as establishes obligations to exercise diligence, conduct proceedings in good faith and competently, not delegate their decision-making responsibilities, maintain the confidentiality of proceedings; the requirement for the reasonableness of arbitrators’ fees, as well as provisions governing the role of tribunal assistants. The IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest in International Arbitration are the most popular source of «soft law» among the sets of rules of international origin governing the impartiality and independence of arbitrators. It is often used in arbitration and judicial proceedings in various legal systems when considering issues related to the assumption of the functions of arbitrators, their appointments and challenges. The novelties introduced into this Manual, taking into account the 10-year practice of applying the previous edition, expand the list of circumstances to be disclosed, clarify a number of statements.
Participation in a Crime after the Moment of its End: Touching a Crime or Complicity?
Authors: Meleshko D. A.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the possibility of complicity in a crime after the moment of its legal termination in relation to ongoing crimes, crimes with a truncated composition, crimes with several mandatory actions and crimes with alternative actions. The significance of preliminary conspiracy and awareness of the fact of joining a legally completed, but actually ongoing criminal attack for establishing complicity in a crime is explored. The rules for qualifying complicity are analyzed in detail when an accomplice joins the excesses of the perpetrator of robbery, the retention of a kidnapped victim that was not promised in advance, and legally completed rape. It is concluded that complicity in a crime can take place not only before the moment of its legal completion, but also after it — up to the moment of the actual end of the criminal attack, while the commission of actions after this moment and in connection with the completed criminal attack is an implication for crime.
Protection of constitutional rights of man and citizen from criminal attacks committed in public spaces (using the example of the activities of the investigative department of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for the Leningrad Region)
Authors: Sazin S. T.
Published: June 2024

The article, based on an analysis of the work carried out by the investigative body to investigate criminal cases under a number of articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, affecting the interests of the public, including children, analyzes the problem of limiting the procedural capabilities of investigators by the rules on jurisdiction, manifested in cases of violation of public order in public spaces and facts of traffic — transport accidents. Taking into account the study, it is concluded that it is advisable to supplement the list of crimes that the Investigative Committee can investigate with Articles 213 and 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the alternative jurisdiction of which will allow, when responding to incidents, to immediately give a criminal legal assessment of the activities of officials of the prevention agencies or check the compliance of the services provided by the carrier life safety and health requirements for consumers.In addition, taking into account the expansion of the coverage of situations that become the subject of inspection by the Investigative Committee, increasing confidence in it from citizens, the author concludes that it is necessary to normatively assign to the investigative body the powers to take coordinating measures and issue organizational decisions that are binding on all law enforcement and government agencies on issues of combating crime.
On the Activities of the UN Special Investigation team In Iraq
Authors: Kochoi S. M. , Hunar A. H.
Published: June 2024

The subject of this study is the activities of the UN Investigative Group established to investigate and uncover the crimes of the international terrorist organization “Islamic State”2.The paper shows the history of the creation of the Investigative Group, the main achievements of its activities are considered. In particular, the Investigation Team has collected indisputable evidence of the commission of numerous crimes by IS members, including the most serious of them: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. At the same time, these activities have not led to the actual indictment of anyone in the national courts of Iraq for the commission of these crimes. This circumstance makes it almost hopeless for the UN Security Council to extend the mandate of the Investigative Group, which makes the prospect of ensuring the inevitability of criminal responsibility and punishment of IS members guilty of the gravest crimes even more uncertain.
Relevance of the legal regulation of military infrastructure capital construction objects during of the initial period of the Great Patriotic war
Authors: Kazantsev O. G.
Published: June 2024

The article attempts to summarize some aspects of the experience of legal regulation of capital construction of military infrastructure facilities, which was accumulated during the Great Patriotic War, especially during its most difficult, first period, when the initiative was in the hands of the aggressor, and the Soviet state faced the vital issue of rapid economic transition, including military-the construction complex — on the rails of functioning in conditions of a real military threat. The idea of the continuing relevance of this experience in the current situation of a real threat to the sovereignty of Russia is consistently carried out, proposals are formulated on the need, taking into account the specifics of the construction of the above-mentioned facilities, to codify the norms governing the capital construction of military defense infrastructure facilities in the Military Construction Code of the Russian Federation with the unity of command of the federal body in the field of defense — the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation at all stages capital construction of these facilities.
Seismotectonics-Driven Estimation of b-Value: Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment
Authors: Valensise Gianluca , Console Rodolfo , Carluccio Roberto , Vannoli Paola
Published: June 2024

Taking full advantage of good-quality historical earthquake and seismogenic source data available for Italy (Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani [CPTI15] and Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources [DISS] databases), we tested the regional variability of the b-value of the Gutenberg–Richter law, focusing on the dominantly extensional, nearly 1200-km-long seismogenic corridor straddling the Apennines chain; an 18,200  km2 area generating about 45% of the seismic moment released countrywide. We carefully chose and tested the most appropriate completeness interval and completeness magnitude (Mc), and used the Lilliefors method, the Utsu test, and a bootstrap technique to verify the quality of our results and inferences. The 0.65 b-value we obtained is substantially lower than b-values used in Italian seismic hazard models, often close to 1.0; yet it predicts more accurately the observed Apennines earthquake record, suggesting that most currently adopted magnitude-frequency distributions underpredict events in the Mw range 6.0–7.1 and overpredict those in the range 5.2–5.5. We also highlight that the time, space, and magnitude distribution of the largest Italian earthquakes hardly follows the Gutenberg–Richter law: it rather favors a characteristic behavior. We contend that the b-value is too critical of a parameter for being calculated using statistically weak data sets, such as those resulting from overly detailed area-source models: one may end up characterizing low-hazard areas more accurately than high-hazard areas. Conversely, we advocate the use of fewer, larger area sources that fully exploit the current understanding of regional seismotectonics, as a way of obtaining more realistic regional hazard models.
POST-STEM EDUCATİON VİEWS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS İN NORTHERN CYPRUS
Authors: Dericioğlu Sonay , Öznacar Behcet
Published: June 2024

The main aim of this research is to determine the opinions of secondary school students in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus after the STEM Education Course. A qualitative research model was applied in the study. The study group of the current research consisted of a total of 20 secondary school students aged 12 years.A semi-structured interview form was used as the data collection tool. The obtained data were categorized into themes and interpreted. The NVIVO-12 program was used to  analyze the data and model the resulting situation. The findings obtained as a result of the research were discussed with the relevant literature. According to the data, as a result of the research were discussed with the relevant literature. As a result of the analyzes, it was concluded that after the STEM education course, the students developed their skills, that they should be given in their schools and that it benefited them. In line with the results obtained, suggestions were made on STEM applications.
HIGHER EDUCATION AND MOBILITY
Authors: Demianiuk Nataliia , Ashyrov Ennan , Pryimak Viktor , Voznyuk Oksana , Kravchenko Svitlana
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of technology and innovation on the opportunities for international learning and cooperation in higher education and mobility based on a survey and questionnaire. Methods: the experiment was carried out in stages, using a combined approach with the use of various methods of data collection and analysis. The participants of the study are 120 students of higher education institutions represented by different specialities and levels of education (bachelor, master, postgraduate). The scientific novelty of the work is determined by a comprehensive analysis of the impact of technology and innovation on the opportunities for international learning and cooperation in higher education and mobility of modern students. The study for the first time uses a combined approach, combining different methods of data collection and analysis, and covers a variety of mobility programmes and their popularity among students. The findings indicate that digital technologies have become an integral part of academic mobility, and their use helps students to maximise their time and conveniently interact with international partners. The study also revealed differences in the popularity of different mobility programmes and pointed to factors that may influence their attractiveness for students. The findings of the study indicate that technology greatly facilitates the process of academic mobility of students. They include virtual classes, distance learning, virtual exchanges, and other innovative approaches. These technologies help students to effectively find and choose international study opportunities, interact with partners, and receive information about study opportunities.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMATIC ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: Zavalevskyi Yury , Kyrilenko Svitlana , Kijan Olga , Bessarab Nataliya , Boiko Svitlana
Published: June 2024

to analyse the development of artificial intelligence systems for automatic assessment of students' learning achievements. Methodology: to achieve this goal, the scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, content analysis, SWOT analysis, comparison, and typology were used. Results: it has been established that among the key advantages is a significant increase in the objectivity of the assessment of students' knowledge and skills. It is important to consider the acceleration of the process of checking the results, which saves time and effort for teachers. Another important advantage is the provision of real-time feedback during assessment. Scientific novelty: It has been established that one of the major problems is the possibility of bias and inequality in the educational system. Given that intelligent systems are based on certain algorithms, any bias or false information in the initial data can lead to biased results. Additional challenges include the excessive mechanisation of the assessment process, which does not always allow for the individual characteristics of each student, as well as ensuring appropriate protection of personal data. Conclusions: Intelligent student assessment systems are a powerful tool in countering corruption schemes in the educational system, especially in developing countries.
A STUDY OF GRAMMATICAL ERRORS WHEN USING TRANSLATION SOFTWARE FOR STUDENTS IN ECONOMIC CONTRACTS
Authors: Phuong Vo Tu
Published: June 2024

Along with the strong development of the ongoing fourth industrial revolution, automatic translation software also plays a very important role in helping people get closer together without being hindered by language. Google Translate software is one of the early software and is gradually improving itself. The birth of this software has helped people who do not know each other's languages to communicate and read documents to get closer. However, the correct translation is still a problem due to many reasons. In order to clarify grammatical errors when using google translate software to translate from English to Vietnamese, the author will conduct a study on the situation in economic contracts through 100 English contracts collected from foreign companies. cooperation between vnguowif Vietnam and foreigners. The purpose of this study is to point out common mistakes and suggest ways to prevent students from using the software. Besides, it also helps software developers have a scientific basis to perfect it in the future.