bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of general relativity on icy body reservoirs under the effects of an inner eccentric Jupiter
Authors: Zanardi M. , de Elía G. C. , Di Sisto R. P. , Naoz S.
Published: April 2018

Context. Recent studies have analyzed the dynamical evolution of outer small body populations under the effects of an eccentric inner massive perturber, which result from a planetary scattering event. These investigations suggest that such outer reservoirs are composed of particles on prograde and retrograde orbits, as well as particles whose orbit flips from prograde to retrograde and back again showing a coupling between the inclination i and the ascending node longitude Ω (Type-F particles).

Aims. We analyze the role of the general relativity (GR) on the dynamics of outer particles under the influence of an inner eccentric Jupiter-mass planet produced by a planetary scattering event. In particular, we are interested in studying how the GR affects the dynamical evolution of the outer Type-F particles, which experience an eccentric Lidov–Kozai mechanism.

Methods. To do this, we carried out N-body simulations with and without GR effects. Such a detailed comparative analysis allows us to strengthen our understanding concerning the GR and eccentric Lidov–Kozai combined effects on the dynamical evolution of outer particles.

Results. When the GR is included, the extreme values of Ω are obtained for retrograde inclinations, while the minimum and maximum inclinations allowed for Type-F particles increase in comparison with that derived without GR effects. According to this, if the GR is included in the simulations, the range of prograde (retrograde) inclinations of the libration region is reduced (increased) with respect to that obtained in absence of GR. We find two new classes of particles when GR effects are included in the simulations. On the one hand, there are particles whose orbital plane flips from prograde to retrograde and back again without experiencing a coupling between i and Ω. On the other hand, retrograde particles show a strong coupling between i and Ω. We infer that GR may significantly modify the dynamical properties of the outer reservoirs that evolve under the effects of an eccentric inner perturber.
Effective temperature determinations of late-type stars based on 3D non-LTE Balmer line formation
Authors: Amarsi A. M. , Nordlander T. , Barklem P. S. , Asplund M. , Collet R. , Lind K.
Published: April 2018

Hydrogen Balmer lines are commonly used as spectroscopic effective temperature diagnostics of late-type stars. However, reliable inferences require accurate model spectra, and the absolute accuracy of classical methods that are based on one-dimensional (1D) hydrostatic model atmospheres and local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) is still unclear. To investigate this, we carry out 3D non-LTE calculations for the Balmer lines, performed, for the first time, over an extensive grid of 3D hydrodynamicSTAGGERmodel atmospheres. For Hα, Hβ, and Hγwe find significant 1D non-LTE versus 3D non-LTE differences (3D effects): the outer wings tend to be stronger in 3D models, particularly for Hγ, while the inner wings can be weaker in 3D models, particularly for Hα. For Hα, we also find significant 3D LTE versus 3D non-LTE differences (non-LTE effects): in warmer stars (Teff≈ 6500 K) the inner wings tend to be weaker in non-LTE models, while at lower effective temperatures (Teff≈ 4500 K) the inner wings can be stronger in non-LTE models; the non-LTE effects are more severe at lower metallicities. We test our 3D non-LTE models against observations of well-studied benchmark stars. For the Sun, we infer concordant effective temperatures from Hα, Hβ, and Hγ; however the value is too low by around 50 K which could signal residual modelling shortcomings. For other benchmark stars, our 3D non-LTE models generally reproduce the effective temperatures to within 1σuncertainties. For Hα, the absolute 3D effects and non-LTE effects can separately reach around 100 K, in terms of inferred effective temperatures. For metal-poor turn-off stars, 1D LTE models of Hαcan underestimate effective temperatures by around 150 K. Our 3D non-LTE model spectra are publicly available, and can be used for more reliable spectroscopic effective temperature determinations.
Lidar using the backscatter amplification effect
Authors: Razenkov Igor A. , Banakh Victor A.
Published: April 2018

Experimental data proving the possibility of lidar measurement of the refractive turbulence strength based on the effect of backscatter amplification (BSA) are reported. It is shown that the values of the amplification factor correlate with the variance of random jitter of optical image of an incoherent light source depending on the value of the structure constant of the air refractive index turbulent fluctuations averaged over the probing path. This paper presents the results of measurements of the BSA factor in comparison with the simultaneous measurements of the BSA peak, which is very narrow and only occurs on the laser beam axis. It is constructed the range-time images of the derivative of the amplification factor gives a comprehensive picture of the location of turbulent zones and their temporal dynamics.
CO2-Tea pulse clipping using pulsed high voltage preionization for high spatial resolution I.R. Lidar systems
Authors: Gasmi Taieb
Published: April 2018

An extra-cavity CO2-TEA laser pulse clipper for high spatial resolution atmospheric monitoring is presented. The clipper uses pulsed high voltageto facilitate the breakdown of the gas within the clipper cell. Complete extinction of the nitrogen tail, that degrades the range resolution of LIDARS, is obtained at pressures from 375 up to 1500 Torr for nitrogen and argon gases whereas an attenuation coefficient of almost 102 is achieved for helium. Excellent energy stability and pulse width repeatability were achieved using high voltage pre-ionized gas technique.
A Scanning scheimpflug lidar system developed for urban pollution monitoring
Authors: Yang Yang , Guan Peng , Mei Liang
Published: April 2018

A scanning Scheimpflug lidar system based on the Scheimpflug principle has been developed by employing a high power multimode 808 nm laser diode and a highly integrated CMOS sensor in Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Northern China. Atmospheric scanning measurements in urban area were performed for the studies of particle emission sources.
Space-based active optical remote sensing of carbon dioxide column using high-energy two-micron pulsed ipda lidar
Authors: Singh Upendra N. , Refaat Tamer F. , Ismail Syed , Petros Mulugeta , Davis Kenneth J. , Kawa Stephan R. , Menzies Robert T.
Published: April 2018

Modeling of a space-based high-energy 2-μm triple-pulse Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar was conducted to demonstrate carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement capability and to evaluate random and systematic errors. A high pulse energy laser and an advanced MCT e-APD detector were incorporated in this model. Projected performance shows 0.5 ppm precision and 0.3 ppm bias in low-tropospheric column CO2 mixing ratio measurements from space for 10 second signal averaging over Railroad Valley (RRV) reference surface.
Airborne direct-detection and coherent wind lidar measurements over the North Atlantic in 2015 supporting ESA’s aeolus mission
Authors: Marksteiner Uwe , Reitebuch Oliver , Lemmerz Christian , Lux Oliver , Rahm Stephan , Witschas Benjamin , Schäfler Andreas , Emmitt Dave , Greco Steve , Kavaya Michael J. , Gentry Bruce , Neely Ryan R. , Kendall Emma , Schüttemeyer Dirk
Published: April 2018

The launch of the Aeolus mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) is planned for 2018. The satellite will carry the first wind lidar in space, ALADIN (Atmospheric Laser Doppler INstrument). Its prototype instrument, the ALADIN Airborne Demonstrator (A2D), was deployed during several airborne campaigns aiming at the validation of the measurement principle and optimization of algorithms. In 2015, flights of two aircraft from DLR & NASA provided the chance to compare parallel wind measurements from four airborne wind lidars for the first time.
CH4 IPDA Lidar mission data simulator and processor for MERLIN: prototype development at LMD/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique
Authors: Olivier Chomette , Armante Raymond , Crevoisier Cyril , Delahaye Thibault , Edouart Dimitri , Gibert Fabien , Nahan Frédéric , Tellier Yoann
Published: April 2018

The MEthane Remote sensing Lidar missioN (MERLIN), currently in phase C, is a joint cooperation between France and Germany on the development of a spatial Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) LIDAR (LIght Detecting And Ranging) to conduct global observations of atmospheric methane. This presentation will focus on the status of a LIDAR mission data simulator and processor developed at LMD (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique), Ecole Polytechnique, France, for MERLIN to assess the performances in realistic observational situations.
High spectral resolution lidar based on quad mach zehnder interferometer for aerosols and wind measurements on board space missions
Authors: Mariscal Jean-François , Bruneau Didier , Pelon Jacques , Van Haecke Mathilde , Blouzon Frédéric , Montmessin Franck , Chepfer Hélène
Published: April 2018

We present the measurement principle and the optical design of a Quad Mach Zehnder (QMZ) interferometer as HSRL technique, allowing simultaneous measurements of particle backscattering and wind velocity. Key features of this concept is to operate with a multimodal laser and do not require any frequency stabilization. These features are relevant especially for space applications for which high technical readiness level is required.
Characteristics of Volcanic Stratospheric Aerosol Layer Observed by CALIOP and Ground Based Lidar at Equatorial Atmosphere Radar Site
Authors: Abo Makoto , Shibata Yasukuni , Nagasawa Chikao
Published: April 2018

We investigated the relation between major tropical volcanic eruptions in the equatorial region and the stratospheric aerosol data, which have been collected by the ground based lidar observations at at Equatorial Atmosphere Radar site between 2004 and 2015 and the CALIOP observations in low latitude between 2006 and 2015. We found characteristic dynamic behavior of volcanic stratospheric aerosol layers over equatorial region.
Monitoring and Quantifying Particles Emissions around Industrial Sites with Scanning Doppler Lidar
Authors: Thobois L. , Royer P. , Parmentier R. , Brooks M. , Knoepfle A. , Alexander J , Stidwell P. , Kumar R.
Published: April 2018

Scanning Coherent Doppler Lidars have been used over the last decade for measuring wind for applications in wind energy [1], meteorology [2] and aviation [3]. They allow for accurate measurements of wind speeds up to a distance of 10 km based on the Doppler shift effect of aerosols. The signal reflectivity (CNR or Carrier-to-Noise Ratio) profiles can also be retrieved from the strength of the Lidar signal. In this study, we will present the developments of algorithm for retrieving aerosol optical properties like the relative attenuated backscatter coefficient and the mass concentration of particles. The use of these algorithms during one operational trial in Point Samson, Western Australia to monitor fugitive emissions over a mine will be presented. This project has been initiated by the Australian Department of Environment Regulations to better determine the impact of the Port on the neighboring town. During the trial in Summer, the strong impact of turbulence refractive index on Lidar performances has been observed. Multiple methodologies have been applied to reduce this impact with more or less success. At the end, a dedicated setup and configuration have been established that allow to properly observe the plumes of the mine with the scanning Lidar. The Lidar data has also been coupled to beta attenuation in-situ sensors for retrieving mass concentration maps. A few case of dispersion of plumes will be presented showing the necessity to combine both the wind and aerosol data.
Lidar derived properties of air-masses advected from Ukraine, Sahara and Carpathian mountains to Warsaw, Poland on 9 - 11 August 2015
Authors: Janicka Lucja , Szczepanik Dominika , Borek Karolina , Heese Birgit , Stachlewska Iwona S.
Published: April 2018

The aerosol layers of different origin, suspended in the atmosphere on 9-11 August 2015 were observed with the PollyXT-UW lidar in Warsaw, Poland. The HYSPLIT ensemble backward trajectories indicate that the observed air-masses attribute to a few different sources, among others, possible transport paths from Ukraine, Slovakia, and Africa. In this paper, we attempt to analyse and discuss the properties of aerosol particles of different origin that were suspended over Warsaw during this event.
Study of mixed phase clouds over west Africa: Ice-crystal corner reflection effects observed with a two-wavelength polarization lidar
Authors: Veselovskii Igor , Goloub Philippe , Podvin Thierry , Tanre Didier , Ansmann Albert , Korenskiy Michail , Borovoi Anatoli , Hu Qiaoyun , Bovchaliuk Valentin , Whiteman David N.
Published: April 2018

Lidar sounding is used for the analysis of possible contribution of the corner reflection (CR) effect to the total backscattering in case of ice crystals. Our study is based on observations of mixed phase clouds performed during the SHADOW campaign in Senegal. Mie-Raman lidar allows measurements at 355 nm and 532 nm at 43 dg. off-zenith angle, so the extinction and backscattering Ångström exponents can be evaluated. In some measurements we observed the positive values of backscattering Ångström exponent, which can be attributed to the corner reflection by horizontally oriented ice plates.
Properties of horizontally oriented ice crystals observed by polarization lidar over summit, Greenland
Authors: Neely Ryan R. , Stillwell Robert A. , Cole Sebastian , Thayer Jeffrey P. , Shupe Matthew , Goerke Marissa , Dorsi Samuel , Ulanowski Joseph
Published: April 2018

A source of error in microphysical retrievals and model simulations is the assumption that clouds are composed of only randomly oriented ice crystals. This assumption is frequently not true, as evidenced by optical phenomena such as parhelia. Here, observations from the Cloud, Aerosol and Polarization Backscatter Lidar at Summit, Greenland are utilized along with other sensors and beam imaging to examine the properties of horizontally oriented ice crystals and the environment conditions in which they occur.
Two-year operation of the lidar1200: from fine-scale tropospheric structures to lower stratospheric water vapor detection
Authors: Vérèmes Hélène , Payen Guillaume , Keckhut Philippe , Duflot Valentin , Baray Jean-Luc , Cammas Jean-Pierre , de Bellevue Jimmy Leclair , Posny Françoise , Evan Stéphanie , Metzger Jean-Marc , Marquestaut Nicolas , Gabarrot Franck , Meier Susanne , Vömel Holger , Dirksen Ruud
Published: April 2018

The 2-year lidar water vapor database (November 2013 - October 2015) of the Maïdo Observatory (Reunion Island / 21°S,55.5°E) is now processed. The performances of the lidar in providing accurate vertical structures are shown to be good. The ability to measure quantities of a few ppmv in the lower stratosphere is demonstrated (based on Cryogenic Frost point Hygrometer sonde/lidar profiles comparisons) for a 48-hour integration time period, up to 22 km (with a vertical resolution of 1.3 km).
Calipso recordings and monitoring dust storms over the open seas in south of the iran plateau
Authors: Khalesifard Hamid R. , Bayat Farizeh
Published: April 2018

Open seas in the south of the Iran plateau are under the influence of heavy dust storms which are originating either from the Tigris and Euphrates basin, the Arabian Peninsula or Hamoun lake. We have used the recordings of the CALIPSO satellite to investigate the seasonal variations as well as the origins of the dust storms over the region. CALIPSO data set shows dust activities are frequent during May to September in the interested region and the Hamoun lake has considerable impacts on it.
Observation of an intense biomass burning event over Spitsbergen
Authors: Ritter Christoph , Böckmann Christine
Published: April 2018

During July 2015, an extremely strong event of biomass burning (BB) originating from the boreal America was observed over Spitsbergen with a “3+2” Raman Lidar. In this work we show some results from the lidar and a contemporaneous launched radiosonde to demonstrate that this aerosol was only hygroscopic at humidities above 80%.
Polarization lidar for atmospheric monitoring
Authors: Liu Qiaojun , Wu Chengxuan , Yuk Sun Cheng Andrew , Wang Zhangjun , Meng Xiangqian , Chen Chao , Li Xianxin , Liu Xingtao , Zhang Hao , Zong Fangyi
Published: April 2018

Aerosol plays an important role in global climate and weather changes. Polarization lidar captures parallel and perpendicular signals from atmosphere to research aerosols. The lidar system we used has three emission wavelengths and could obtain the atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient, backscattering coefficient and depolarization ratio. In this paper, the design of the lidar is described. The methods of data acquisition and inversion are given. Some recent results are presented.
Lidar investigations of ozone in the upper troposphere – lower stratosphere: technique and results of measurements
Authors: Romanovskii Oleg A. , Nevzorov Alexey A. , Nevzorov Alexey V. , Kharchenko Olga V.
Published: April 2018

The main aim of the research is to develop the technique for laser remote ozone sensing in the upper troposphere – lower stratosphere by differential absorption method for temperature and aerosol correction and analysis of measurement results. The authors have determined wavelengths, promising to measure ozone profiles in the upper troposphere – lower stratosphere. We present the results of DIAL measurements of the vertical ozone distribution at the Siberian lidar station in Tomsk. The recovered ozone profiles were compared with IASI satellite data and Kruger model.
Multiangle lidar observations of the Atmosphere
Authors: Lalitkumar Prakash Pawar , Choukiker Yogesh Kumar , Raghunath K
Published: April 2018

Atmospheric Lidars are used extensively to get aerosol parameters like backscatter coefficient, backscatter ratio etc. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki (13°N, 79°E), India has a powerful lidar which has alt-azimuth capability. Inversion method is applied to data from observations of lidar system at different azimuth and elevation angles. Data Analysis is described and Observations in 2D and 3D format are discussed. Presence of Cloud and the variation of backscatter parameters are seen in an interesting manner.
The marbll experiment: towards a martian wind lidar
Authors: Määttänen Anni , Ravetta François , Montmessin Franck , Bruneau Didier , Mariscal Jean-François , Van Haecke Mathilde , Fayolle Guillaume , Montaron Christophe , Coscia David
Published: April 2018

Operating a lidar on Mars would fulfill the need of accessing wind and aerosol profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer. This is the purpose of the MARs Boundary Layer Lidar (MARBLL) instrument. We report recent developments of this compact direct-detection wind lidar designed to operate from the surface of Mars. A new laser source has been developed and an azimuthal scanning capability has been added. Preliminary results of a field campaign are presented.
Planetary boundary layer height variability over athens, greece, based on the synergy of raman lidar and radiosonde data: Application of the kalman filter and other techniques (2011-2016)
Authors: Alexiou Dimitrios , Kokkalis Panagiotis , Papayannis Alexandros , Rocadenbosch Francesc , Argyrouli Athina , Tsaknakis Georgios , Tzanis Chris G.
Published: April 2018

In this paper we studied the temporal evolution of the Planetary Boundary Layer height (PBLH) over the basin of Athens, Greece during a 5-year period (2011-2016) using data from the EOLE Raman lidar system. The lidar data (range-corrected lidar signals-RCS) were selected around 12:00 UTC and 00:00 UTC for a total of 332 cases: 165 days and 167 nights. Extended Kalman filtering techniques were used for the determination of the PBLH. Moreover, several well established techniques for the PBLH estimation based on lidar data were also tested for a total of 35 cases. Comparisons with the PBLH values derived from radiosonde data were also performed. The mean PBLH over Athens was found to be of the order of 1617±324 m at 12:00 UTC and of 892±130 m at 00:00 UTC, for the period examined. The mean PBLH growth rate was found to be about 170±64 m h-1 and 90±17 m h-1, during daytime and nighttime, respectively.
Impact of biomass burning plume on radiation budget and atmospheric dynamics over the arctic
Authors: Lisok Justyna , Pedersen Jesper , Ritter Christoph , Markowicz Krzysztof M. , Malinowski Szymon , Mazzola Mauro , Udisti Roberto , Stachlewska Iwona S.
Published: April 2018

The aim of the research was to determine the impact of July 2015 biomass burning event on radiative budget, atmospheric stratification and turbulence over the Arctic using information about the vertical structure of the aerosol load from the ground–based data. MODTRAN simulations indicated very high surface radiative cooling (forcing of –150 Wm–2) and a heating rate of up to 1.8 Kday–1 at 3 km. Regarding LES results, a turbulent layer at around 3 km was clearly seen after 48 h of simulation.
Estimating the planetary boundary layer height from radiosonde and doppler lidar measurements in the city of São Paulo - Brazil
Authors: Marques Márcia T. A. , Moreira Gregori de A. , Pinero Maciel , Oliveira Amauri P. , Landulfo Eduardo
Published: April 2018

This study aims to compare the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) values estimated by radiosonde data through the bulk Richardson number (BRN) method and by Doppler lidar measurements through the Carrier to Noise Ratio (CNR) method, which corresponds to the maximum of the variance of CNR profile. The measurement campaign was carried during the summer of 2015/2016 in the city of São Paulo. Despite the conceptual difference between these methods, the results show great agreement between them.
Measurements at FP3 in support of pecan scientific objectives using MPL-111 lidar
Authors: Pozsonyi Kristen , Midzak Natalie , Prestine Christina , Clark Richard
Published: April 2018

This paper will report on the data collected by a Sigma Space Micropulse Lidar (MPL-111), and how these measurements, when integrated with other data, helps to inform our analysis of two cases of the Great Plains nocturnal Low-Level Jet (LLJ) in the vicinity of FP3.
Insect remote sensing using a polarization sensitive cw lidar system in chinese rice fields
Authors: Zhu Shiming , Malmqvist Elin , Li Yiyun , Jansson Samuel , Li Wansha , Duan Zheng , Fu Wei , Svanberg Katarina , Bood Joakim , Feng Hongqiang , Åkesson Susanne , Song Ziwei , Zhang Baoxin , Zhao Guangyu , Li Dunsong , Brydegaard Mikkel , Svanberg Sune
Published: April 2018

A joint Chinese-Swedish field campaign of Scheimpflug continuous-wave lidar monitoring of rice-field flying pest insects was pursued in very hot July weather conditions close to Guangzhou, China. The occurrence of insects, birds and bats with almost 200 hours of round-the-clock polarization-sensitive recordings was studied. Wing-beat frequency recordings and depolarization properties were used for target classification. Influence of weather conditions on the flying fauna was also investigated.
Ground based and airborne atmospheric measurements near bucharest
Authors: Nemuc Anca , Boscornea Andreea , Belegante Livio , Vasilescu Jeni , Vajaiac Sorin , Ene Dragos , Marmureanu Luminita , Andrei Simona
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the results from a coordinated approach for atmospheric investigation, exploring synergies between different techniques. A wide range of instruments have been used during an intensive measurement period both from ground (lidar, sunphotometer, aethalometer and Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor) and airborne (aerodynamic particle sizer, the Picarro gas analyzer and the NO2CAPS analyzer) in 2016 over Magurele, 6 km South West of Bucharest.
A Calibration of the MeteoSwiss RAman Lidar for Meteorological Observations (RALMO)Water Vapour Mixing Ratio Measurements using a Radiosonde Trajectory Method
Authors: Hicks-Jalali Shannon , Sica R.J. , Haefele Alexander , Martucci Giovanni
Published: April 2018

With only 50% downtime from 2007-2016, the RALMO lidar in Payerne, Switzerland, has one of the largest continuous lidar data sets available. These measurements will be used to produce an extensive lidar water vapour climatology using the Optimal Estimation Method introduced by Sica and Haefele (2016). We will compare our improved technique for external calibration using radiosonde trajectories with the standard external methods, and present the evolution of the lidar constant from 2007 to 2016.
Lalinet status - station expansion and lidar ratio systematic measurements
Authors: Landulfo Eduardo , Lopes Fabio , Moreira Gregori Arruda , da Silva Jonatan , Ristori Pablo , Quel Eduardo , Otero Lidia , Pallota Juan Vicente , Herrera Milagros , Salvador Jacobo , Bali Juan Lucas , Wolfram Eliam , Etala Paula , Barbero Albane , Forno Ricardo , Sanchez Maria Fernanda , Barbosa Henrique , Gouveia Diego , Santos Amanda Vieira , Hoelzemann Judith , Fernandez Jose Henrique , Guedes Anderson , Silva Antonieta , Barja Boris , Zamorano Felix , Legue Raul Perez , Bastidas Alvaro , Zabala Maribel Vellejo , Velez Juan , Nisperuza Daniel , Montilla Elena , Arredondo Rene Estevam , Marrero Juan Carlos Antuña , Vega Alberth Rodriguez , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Sugimoto Nobuo , Yoshitaka Jin
Published: April 2018

LALINET is expanding regionally to guarantee spatial coverage over South and Central Americas. One of the network goals is to obtain a set of regional representative aerosol optical properties such as particle backscatter, extinction and lidar ratio. Given the North-South extension and influence of distinct airmass circulation patterns it is paramount to distinguish these optical parameters in order to gain better perfomance in radiation transfer models. A set of lidar ratio data is presented.
The uk Lidar-sunphotometer operational volcanic ash monitoring network
Authors: Adam Mariana , Buxmann Joelle , Freeman Nigel , Horseman Andrew , Salmon Christopher , Sugier Jacqueline , Bennett Richard
Published: April 2018

The Met Office completed the deployment of ten lidars (UV Raman and depolarization), each accompanied by a sunphotometer (polarized model), to provide quantitative monitoring of volcanic ash over UK for VAAC London. The lidars provide range corrected signal and volume depolarization ratio in near-real time. The sunphotometers deliver aerosol optical depth, Ångstrom exponent and degree of linear polarization. Case study analyses of Saharan dust events (as a proxy for volcanic ash) are presented.
Consistency of the single calculus chain for climatological studies using long-term measurements from thessaloniki lidar station
Authors: Siomos Nikolaos , Voudouri Kalliopi A. , Filioglou Maria , Giannakaki Eleni , Amiridis Vasilis , D’Amico Giuseppe , Balis Dimitris S.
Published: April 2018

The long term analysis of 15 years of lidar data derived from a Raman lidar at Thessaloniki is presented here. All measurements have been processed with the latest version 4 of the EARLINET Single Calculus Chain algorithm and are compared with the results from the current operational retrieval algorithm. In this paper we investigate the consistency between the EARLINET database and SCC for the case of Thessaloniki and we identify the issues to be considered when switching from current operations to SCC.
Atmospheric NO2 profiles measured with lidar during the CINDI-2 campaign
Authors: Berkhout A.J.C. , Gast L.F.L. , van der Hoff G.R. , Swart D.P.J. , Hoed M. , Allaart M.
Published: April 2018

From 12 to 28 September 2016, the CINDI-2 NO2 intercomparison campaign took place at the Cabauw research site in the Netherlands. Aimed principally at MAX-DOAS instruments, other techniques participated as well. The RIVM mobile lidar measured atmospheric NO2 profiles on six campaign days. Results show the development of NO2 concentrations during the day, as well as layered structures in the profiles. These were compared with profiles from other instruments.
Aerosol absorption measurements and retrievals in shadow2 campaign
Authors: Hu Qiaoyun , Goloub Philippe , Podvin Thierry , Veselovskiy Igor , Lopatin Anton , Dubovik Oleg , Torres Benjamìn , Revilini Laura , Crumeyrolle Suzanne , Lapionak Tatsiana , Deroo Christine
Published: April 2018

Dust, maritime and dust-smoke mixture events observed during SHADOW2 (SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) field campaign are selected and analyzed by using Raman and GARRLiC retrievals.

The derived aerosol optical and microphysical properties will be shown. Dust absorption profile and on ground level are derived from GARRLiC retrievals and Aethalometer measurements, respectively. Our results provide a closer insight about dust absorbing properties.
Lidar Profiling In the lower Troposphere: experience from PECAN
Authors: Demoz Belay B. , Delgado Ruben , Caroll Brian , Vermeesch Kevin , Whiteman David N. , Sakai Ricardo , Tesfay Sium , Cooper Lorenza
Published: April 2018

Results from the PECAN (Plains Elevated Convection at Night) campaign are discussed. In particular, the utility of simple backscatter lidars/ceilometers in quantifying atmospheric dynamics parameters and variables as well as evolution of the lower tropospheric dynamics are made. Cases of bore wave dynamics and the potential of these events in lofting of low level, moist, airmass and its consequence in thunderstorm initiation are made. A suite of thermodynamic profiling instruments are combined and compared to describe and visualize lower tropospheric dynamic evolution.
Remote sensing of low visibility over otopeni airport
Authors: Buzdugan Livius , Urlea Denisa , Bugeac Paul , Stefan Sabina
Published: April 2018

The paper is focused on the study of atmospheric conditions determining low vertical visibility over Henri Coanda airport. A network of ceilometers and a Sodar were used to detect fog and low level cloud layers. In our study, vertical visibility from ceilometers and acoustic reflectivity from Sodar for November 2016 were used to estimate fog depth and top of fog layers, respectively. The correlation between fog and low cloud occurrence and the wind direction and speed is also investigated.
Novel lidar algorithms for atmospheric slantrange visibility, planetary boundary layer height, meteorogical phenomena and atmospheric layering measurements
Authors: Pantazis Alexandros , Papayannis Alexandros , Georgoussis Georgios
Published: April 2018

In this paper we present a development of novel algorithms and techniques implemented within the Laser Remote Sensing Laboratory (LRSL) of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), in collaboration with Raymetrics S.A., in order to incorporate them into a 3-Dimensional (3D) lidar. The lidar is transmitting at 355 nm in the eye safe region and the measurements then are transposed to the visual range at 550 nm, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) rules of daytime visibility. These algorithms are able to provide horizontal, slant and vertical visibility for tower aircraft controllers, meteorologists, but also from pilot’s point of view. Other algorithms are also provided for detection of atmospheric layering in any given direction and vertical angle, along with the detection of the Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH).
Identification, Isolation and Determination of Biomarkers for Quality Control of Bush Tea (Athrixia phyllicoides)
Authors: Lerotholi Lefa , Chaudhary Sushil , Chen Weiyang , Veale Clinton , Combrinck Sandra , Viljoen Alvaro
Published: April 2018

Athrixia phylicoides, known as “bush tea”, grows abundantly in South Africa. An infusion of the leaves is used as a beverage and to treat a multitude of health conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical variation within A. phylicoides and to identify characteristic compounds for quality control. Samples from 12 locations in South Africa were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the aligned ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry data indicated two groups on the resulting dendrogram, representing 48 samples. Five marker compounds, identified through visual inspection and the construction of a discriminant analysis model, were evident on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS profiles. Four of these compounds were isolated and identified, three as hydroxy methoxyflavones and the fourth as a coumarate, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array method was developed and validated for the determination of the marker compounds using the isolates as standards. The limits of detection for the four compounds ranged from 0.92 – 2.50 µg/mL. Their recoveries at three concentration levels (1.00, 10.0, and 100 µg/mL) were between 97.0 and 101%, while acceptable intra- and inter-day precision was obtained as reflected by percentage relative standard deviation values below 2.24%. The concentrations of all the marker compounds were found to be higher in samples corresponding to Group 1 of the dendrogram than in those from Group 2. This may be attributable to differences in altitude, climate, and some edaphic factors. Identification of these marker compounds will make a valuable contribution towards the quality control and sustainable commercialisation of bush tea.
The Role of Clinical Examination in Predicting Relevant MRI Findings in Acute Knee Injuries: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Makki Daoud , Ness Daniel , Thonse Raghuram , Mastan Saleem
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to delineate the usefulness of clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute knee injuries. We aim to establish whether the time period post acute knee injury is related to the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination and to investigate the strength of specific clinical examination findings in predicting a clinically relevant MRI abnormality. Seventy patients were referred to fracture clinic with an acute knee injury who subsequently went on to be investigated with MRI over 12 months. These patients were retrospectively analyzed looking at the time period they were reviewed, the components that were assessed at physical examination, and the results of their eventual MRI scan looking for any correlation. A greater proportion of patients who were examined at 2 weeks had relevant positive findings on MRI scan, p = 0.03. Range of movement and lateral joint line tenderness were not associated with a positive MRI scan at any period after injury. The presence of a moderate to large effusion was not associated with an MRI abnormality if the examination was within 2 weeks of injury but was if present 2 weeks after injury, p = 0.0001. Range of movement should not form part of the decision making on whether an injury should be investigated with MRI. Joint effusion in isolation within 2 weeks after injury should not be an indication for MRI but a repeat clinical examination in 2 weeks, where if still present, should be investigated with MRI.
Is Septoplasty Necessary When Using the Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach for a Deviated Nasal Septum?
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Hong Yong-Kil , Jeun Sin-Soo , Park Jae-Sung , Kim Soo Whan , Cho Jin Hee , Park Yong Jin , Kim Seon Ik , Kim Sung Won
Published: April 2018

Objective This article describes the role played by endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA) to the sphenoidal process of the septal cartilage of a deviated nasal septum.

Design Case series with chart review.

Setting Tertiary referral center.

Participants Between 2009 and 2016, 177 patients with skull base tumors who underwent EETSA were included.

Main Outcome Measures In 8 cases, the conventional two nostrils–four hands technique was employed (group A). In 16 cases, we placed a right-side conventional nasoseptal flap and a left-side modified nasoseptal rescue flap (group B), and in 153 cases, bilateral modified nasoseptal rescue flaps (group C). The number of septoplasty-required cases and the change of nasal cavity area differences reflecting septal deviation were measured.

Results Septoplasty during EETSA was performed in two cases: one from group B and one from group C. There was no significant difference in the ratio of septoplasty-required cases among the three groups (p = 0.127). Between pre- and postoperative nasal cavity, the cross-sectional area difference at the anterior end of the middle turbinate level significantly decreased (p = 0.045). Also, the angle of deviation at the level of ostiomeatal unit significantly decreased after EETSA (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Separation of a deviated complex surrounding the sphenoidal process of the septal cartilage is the key to relieving a deviated nasal septum. EETSA combined with the two nostrils–four hands technique allows posterior septectomy (including removal of this deviated complex) to be performed. Thus, EETSA may commence without preceding septoplasty even in cases with severe nasal septum deviations.
Schlaf und Demenz
Authors: Gust Jochen
Published: April 2018

Fragmentierter Nachtschlaf Sowohl in der Häuslichkeit als auch in stationären Einrichtungen sind Störungen des Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus bei Menschen mit
Demenz ein evidentes Problem. Etwa 40 % sollen im Krankheitsverlauf betroffen sein. Der Nachtschlaf wird zunehmend fragmentiert – Betroffene wachen häufiger
auf. Die zirkadiane Rhythmik wird beeinträchtigt und die demenzbedingten Einschränkungen, z. B. hinsichtlich der Orientierung und der Selbststeuerungsfähigkeit,
tun ihr Übriges.
Understanding the Value and Organizational Implications of Big Data Analytics: The Case of AUDI AG
Authors: Dremel Christian , Wulf Jochen , Maier Annegret , Brenner Walter
Published: April 2018

“Understanding the value and organizational implications of big data analytics: the case of AUDI AG” presents the case of AUDI AG and its attempts to implement big data analytics in its organization. The case highlights the situation of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) in the automotive industry and the potentials and challenges the emerging technology big data analytics may entail for such organizations. The case tries to help students to grasp the technical characteristics, the value, and organizational implications of big data analytics as well as the distinct types of analytics services. The case is presented through the eyes of Hortensie, an aspiring manager at AUDI, who gained strong interest in the phenomenon of big data analytics and received the task to position it within AUDI. To ramp up the topic big data analytics, AUDI is engaging with industry and design experts as well as an external consultancy ITConsult.
The origins of dengue outbreaks in northern Queensland, Australia, 1990–2017
Authors: Pyke Alyssa T
Published: April 2018

Dengue is one of the world's major infectious mosquito-borne diseases and although not endemic in Australia, is a significant public health concern. Queensland is vulnerable to outbreaks of dengue viruses (DENVs) and indeed, due to endemic populations of the mosquito vector Aedes aeypti, has been the only state since the 1950s to record local transmission. Determining DENV outbreak origins, and monitoring strain movement and diversity greatly assists outbreak management. It also confirms epidemiological links and potentially identifies incursions of rare or highly pathogenic viruses. There have been 73 DENV outbreaks recorded in northern Queensland within the past three decades and it has been the role of Public Health Virology, Department of Health, Queensland Government, to provide DENV genotyping and characterisation to facilitate this essential surveillance. This review summarises the likely origins of the recent northern Queensland outbreaks and describes the complex dynamics of DENV genotypic diversity that have characterised local transmission events.
Automatic Extraction of Quranic Lexis Representing Two Different Notions of Linguistic Salience: Keyness and Prosodic Prominence
Authors: Brierley Claire , Sawalha Majdi , Islam Tajul , Dickins James , Atwell Eric
Published: April 2018

This paper presents two sets of lexical items automatically extracted from the Arabic Qur’ān, and denoting two different notions of linguistic salience: keyness and prosodic prominence. Our novel hypothesis investigates a possible correlation between them. Our novel findings discover distributionally significant keywords that also occur strategically in phrase-final position so as to maximise their prominence, and thus meaningfulness, for reader, reciter, and aural recipient. Our methodology first computes Quranic keywords via the Corpus Linguistics technique of Keyword Extraction, and maps them to major Quranic themes in Islamic scholarship. Next, we implement a bespoke algorithm for rule-based capture of words annotated with madd or prolongation, a specific type of prosodic highlighting in Quranic recitation rules or tajwīd. We find it especially interesting that the concept of final syllable lengthening (madd before pause) is encoded in tajwīid and effectively demarcates phrase boundaries in the Qur’ān. We concentrate on nominal keywords (i.e. nouns and adjectives) since these are more likely to be aligned with phrase edges and to bear the hallmarks of pre-boundary lengthening. This correlation between keyness and prominence occurs 43.29% of the time in our data, since 526 keywords appear in our extracted subset of nominal types tagged with madd before pause: ((526/1215)*100). Finally, we identify which Quranic keywords are most likely to be annotated with enhanced prolongation in the final syllable before pause, using an easy-to-interpret, single value metric: the Laplace Point Estimate. Keywords that emerge as semantically weighted in terms of both distributional and prosodic significance are most likely to reflect the Quranic themes of God, Nature, and Eschatology.
Examining the relationships between life satisfaction and alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use among school-aged children
Authors: Lew D , Xian H , Qian Z , Vaughn M G
Published: April 2018

Background

There are many known risk factors associated with youth substance use. Nonetheless, the impact of life satisfaction (LS) on the use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana by adolescents still remains largely unknown.

Methods

The present analysis utilized data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children 2009–10 US study. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between LS and individual substance use. Multilevel multinomial regression models examined the relationship with total number of substances used.

Results

After controlling for numerous variables associated with substance use, individuals reporting low LS were significantly more likely to ever use tobacco (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.78]), alcohol (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = [1.10, 1.92]) and marijuana (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = [1.39, 2.82]). Additionally, students with low LS were significantly more likely to use two substances (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = [1.15, 3.14]) and three substances concurrently (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = [1.27, 3.16]).

Conclusions

The present study identified strong associations between LS and individual, as well as concurrent, substance use among adolescents. Interventions aiming to reduce adolescent substance use may benefit from incorporating components to improve LS.
Detecting Wheat Powdery Mildew and Predicting Grain Yield Using Unmanned Aerial Photography
Authors: Liu Wei , Cao Xueren , Fan Jieru , Wang Zhenhua , Yan Zhengyuan , Luo Yong , West Jonathan S. , Xu Xiangming , Zhou Yilin
Published: April 2018

High-resolution aerial imaging with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to quantify wheat powdery mildew and estimate grain yield. Aerial digital images were acquired at Feekes growth stage (GS) 10.5.4 from flight altitudes of 200, 300, and 400 m during the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons; and 50, 100, 200, and 300 m during the 2011–12, 2012–13, and 2013–14 seasons. The image parameter lgR was consistently correlated positively with wheat powdery mildew severity and negatively with wheat grain yield for all combinations of flight altitude and year. Fitting the data with random coefficient regression models showed that the exact relationship of lgR with disease severity and grain yield varied considerably from year to year and to a lesser extent with flight altitude within the same year. The present results raise an important question about the consistency of using remote imaging information to estimate disease severity and grain yield. Further research is needed to understand the nature of interyear variability in the relationship of remote imaging data with disease or grain yield. Only then can we determine how the remote imaging tool can be used in commercial agriculture.
Impaired Trunk Posture in Women With Fibromyalgia
Authors: Sempere-Rubio Núria , Aguilar-Rodríguez Marta , Espí-López Gemma V , Cortés-Amador Sara , Pascual Eliseo , Serra-Añó Pilar
Published: April 2018

Study Design.

A cross-sectional study.

Objectives.

The main goal of the study was to analyze posture of Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) in women compared with healthy subjects to establish if posture assessment could be useful to characterize the syndrome. Secondarily, we explored the impact of sedentary behavior on trunk posture.

Summary of Background Data.

Pain has been associated with poor static postures, however there is little information on the effect of FMS, which is characterized by widespread pain, on trunk posture.

Methods.

One hundred eighteen women with FMS and 110 healthy counterparts participated in this study, in which trunk posture was assessed. The thoracic kyphosis, forward head position, and shoulder position (basal and maximum protraction) were measured. Further, maximum shoulder protraction and the ability to maintain the cervical and thoracic angle were assessed. To compare the differences in posture depending on the grouping, an independent Student t test was conducted. To analyze the differences between groups in the ability to maintain the position over a period of time and the differences in posture depending on more or less active lifestyles, two multivariate analysis of variance were performed.

Results.

The results showed a significantly larger thoracic kyphosis, baseline shoulder protraction and lower craniovertebral angle and maximum protraction in FMG compared with CG (P < 0.05). FMG subjects exhibited an impaired ability to maintain the cervical and thoracic angles, as this varied throughout the test, unlike those of their counterparts. A sedentary lifestyle did not affect trunk posture in the FMS participants.

Conclusion.

FMS female population present an altered trunk posture and an inability to maintain trunk position. Since this does not appear to be influenced by a more or less active lifestyle, specific treatment programs are needed to manage this clinical condition.

Level of Evidence: 2