bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
مقاربة تداولية للفعل الكالمي في رحاب السياقات القرآنية سورة الكهف أنموذجا
Authors: خلوفي قدور
Published: September 2023

A pragmatic approach to speech acts in Quranic contexts Surat Al-Kahf as a case study

Determining the structural pragmatic level resulting from the extraction of the verbal verb when it is linked to a general rhetorical semantic unit is an attempt to show the dynamic energy in the language of the Qur’an that sheds light on an expressive ability in its well-known idiomatic system, or in its implicit linguistic systems capable of devising new conventions that suffice To give preference to the desired significance that responds to the directive of the Qur’anic research and a holistic direction that makes the Qur’anic discourse a single verse. Therefore, language in the fundamentalist system actually became not a purely structural system, and that its study is based on the philosophy of the holistic cognition of the discourse, which led to the deduction of patterns of new verbal acts that emphasized semantic capabilities that make the discourse achieve its objective dialectic with reality. The researcher concludes that the nature of the Qur’anic text is based on its linguistic choices and the way they are distributed to dispense meanings and connotations.
The Effects of Bilingualism and Language Attitudes on Algerian Students’ Academic Proficiency in Medical Sciences
Authors: Sahnoune Nisrine
Published: September 2023

This study examines learners’ Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency and Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills in L2 in order to determine the accuracy level of French oral language proficiency and academic achievement of students in Medical sciences (Tlemcen University). Adopting a few sociolinguistic research tools, the researcher has obtained some results confirming that students often lag behind in academic performance due to the delay in the development of Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) and to the complexity of bilingual language acquisition despite their apparent language fluency which reflects their achievement in Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills interpreted as communicative success. Another important aim in this research was to analyze the effects of students’ attitudes towards French.
Sprachkonflikte und Sprachkonkurrenz in Algerien
Authors: Sadek Amina
Published: September 2023

Language Conflict and language Competitivity in Algeria

The policy of Arabization took effect after the liberation of Algeria to uproot language refering to colonialism and its culture, thereby reintroducing language identity and Arabic culture. But this policy allowed for monolingualism and conservatism while Algerian society is multicultural and multilingual. The policy of Arabization has created many political and linguistic repercussions in Algeria. Furthermore, the policy of Arabization which was based on religious conservatism, monolinguism and linguistic absolutism, and brought chaos to the country. Many questions were asked about cultural and linguistic identity and the ancient constitutions affected many otherspeech communities in Algeria. The policy of Arabization is divided into 3 epochs. In the time of HOUARI BOUMEDIENE, it was progressive, then it was very radical and blind at the time of CHADLI BEN JDID and later with ABDELAZIZ BOUTEFLIKA it was finally restructured and reformed. The constitution of BOUTEFLIKA was a real renaissance of the languages and took into account the respect for other languages and cultures in Algeria. But because of this significant reform, the native Algerian language and French remain without political status, although they are the languages THE more widely used. All these queries and issues will be discussed in this paper which focues on language conflict and co-occurence in Algeria.
Einsatz von Wandtafel und Kreide im DaF-Unterricht an Universität Oran2
Authors: Boudjeltia Zineb
Published: September 2023

The Use of blackboard and chalkboard in Deutsch lessons at The University of Oran2

The blackboard remains the most important medium not only at school, but also at university, it is available in every classroom, it is and will always remain the only teaching tool that is available in all classrooms and ist use for teaching forign languages is rather inevitable. The blackboard and chalk have their importance in Deutsch lessons and their topicality at Oran2 University and at this point it was shown through this paper that studenst and teachers still make use of the blackboard and chalk although other reactions have been noticed, namely the appeal to the new technology as a medium for Deutsch instruction. The main question was for all those learning a foreign language, in particular those teaching Deutsch at Oran2 university. Apart from teaching books, what type of medium do you refer to in your classes, and for each medium, how do you use it? The results of these questioning showed that the chalkboard is the most popular method and an effective teaching tool for learning the German language because it encourages the students to get involved in the teaching/learning process and promote their motivation. This allows for the exchange of ideas and information and creates a good climate for learning. The learners can thereby consolidate their knowledge, although they have different problems, like Chalk dust, etc. As such, the chalk board was considered as an optional for teacher.and in order to support the achievement of the learning objective with this medium, the students must be familiar with it.
Mehrsprachigkeit in Algerien, zwischen dem Proklamierten und dem Erlebten
Authors: Bouregba Mohamed
Published: September 2023

Multilingualism in Algeria between the proclaimed and the experienced

In the Maghreb, the term Arabization is synonymous to the restoration of the Arabic language. Why? The mother tongue of the Algerian population is Arabic or one of the Berber languages, depending on the region. As non-written languages, mother tongues come in numerous varieties, sometimes referred to as dialects. Before colonization, the only written language was what is known as classical or written Arabic, introduced along with Islam in the seventh century. Later, spoken and written French was forced to become the official language of the country. In this paper, we will discuss the coexistence of these varieties within the Algerian context between what is proclaimed and reality.
The Language of Advertising: The Case of Code- Switching and Code-Mixing in the Algerian Advertising Scenery
Authors: Boukreris Louafia , Bouchegra Abdallah
Published: September 2023

This article deals with the phenomenon of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in the language of advertising with a special emphasis on language mixing in the Algeria advertising scenery. The main objective consists to analyze how language mixing is used by advertisers to produce a persuasive effect on the consumer. Advertising designers use language mixing is in such an arty way and violate the norms of language use that the language of advertising appears to be a variety of its own right really serving attraction and memorability purposes that play an important role in the consumers’ purchasing decision. In addition, the article attempts to pinpoint to the hidden purposes which go in an anticlockwise movement regarding the language policy efforts the government is making to promote standard Arabic. The transliteration of the Arabic language in its dialectal and standard form using Latin alphabet together with the use of Arabizi symbols constitute a long term hidden agenda which attempts to revive the long ago attempts to Latinize the Arabic language.
L’auto-évaluation en Faveur de L’Écrit au Collège Algérien
Authors: Beldjouidi Yamouna Salma
Published: September 2023

Self-assessment in favor of Writing at the Algerian College

Although recent reforms give primacy to the oral skill, the fact remains that the evaluation focuses on writing. Scriptural authority is the primary objective of teaching/learning of the French language that requires specific skills: mastery of morphosyntax, style, vocabulary, different from that of the oral skilll. Nevertheless, this not always easy because many learners have difficulty with writing because of their writing deficiencies. To overcome these shortcomings, we believe it would now involve the learner in his own scriptural evaluation. The tools for this type of evaluation (among others, the Self-evaluation) are available in textbooks. The aim of our study, subscribed in the field of didactics of writing, would be to check the usefulness and effectiveness of this type of proficiency testing tool with students of middle school in Algeria.
Panorama of Self-Translation in The Arabic Literary Landscape
Authors: Hafir Kahina
Published: September 2023

The current research paper aims at shedding light on self-translation within the Arabic contemporary context, hence delving into a valuable research on the subject which is still not often tackled. This paper provides insight into the self-translation practice of Arab authors who have resorted to such atypical activity. The Algerian context will be given particular importance in order to define the circumstances and reasons that motivated some contemporary Algerian authors to translate their own writings and to embark on this highly challenging endeavor. Thus, our study will put the spotlight on the definition of the concept of self-translation, a brief overview of Arabic literature devoted to it, plus a typology of self-translation and the motives that invigorated this practice. We will then try - through the examination of some Arab self-translation experiences - to identify the characteristics of this practice within the Arab context, and thereby understand the points of divergence that distinguish the Algerian experience from that of other Arab authors, as well as the points of convergence on which these different practices come together.
Attitudes Towards Code-Switching: A case study of Kabyle speakers living in Oran
Authors: Benahcene Malika
Published: September 2023

This paper describes and analyses the phenomenon of Code-Switching as practiced by Algerian Kabyle speakers living in Oran. The aim behind the present investigation is to explore the attitudes of Kabyle speakers towards Code-switching (CS), and examines the factors that determine language choice and direct Code-switching. It should be noted that Kabyle speakers represent a minority group in Oran. This minority group uses a variety of Berber that is unintelligible with the varieties that are used by the Algerian Arabic speakers in the city of Oran. The contact between Kabyle, Algerian Arabic and French in the minority speakers listed above triggers contact phenomena such as code switching. The data on which this paper is based consists of a questionnaire made of three sections administered to a group of Berberophones in order to see whether they hold favorable or unfavorable attitudes towards the phenomenon of code-switching.
An Investigation into the Relationship between British Civilization Teachers’ Methodology and Students’ Learning Achievements
Authors: Ouahmiche Ghania , Bensaad Safia
Published: September 2023

The purpose behind this investigation is to probe first year LMD teachers’ methodology and their students’ learning achievements – at Blida2 University - in the subject of British Civilization in terms of improving their English language proficiency and grasping the content of the subject matter simultaneously. Throughout an analytical descriptive study, the focus is made on revealing the inadequacy of the prevailing teaching methodology of British Civilization in terms of being:(1) non-convergent with current EFL teaching methodologies, which stress the development of language proficiency through interactive communication in the language classroom, and (2) hindering students’ achievements in the subject of British Civilization. This study relies on three research instruments: a questionnaire for first year LMD students, a structured interview for first year LMD teachers of British Civilization besides students’ British Civilization exam papers analysis. Yet, on the basis of literature reading and the results obtained from the study, some recommendations are made in order to ameliorate the current teaching methodology of British Civilization course in first year LMD classroom. Thus, students are hopefully expected to improve their English language proficiency and attain their achievements in British Civilization subject.
Camfranglais, Rap et Thématiques
Authors: Dissake Endurence Midinette Koumassol , Gratien G. Atindogbé
Published: September 2023

Camfranglais, Rap and Themes

Abstract: The triptych “Camfranglais, Rap and themes” served as a pretext to study how Cameroonian youth, by making use of an identity language, “Camfranglais”, but a Camfranglais rather sung or in the form of “rap”, has appropriated a style of music belonging to the Hip Hop culture to build its identity. Indeed, in Cameroon, the Rap remains a youth and identity practice that young people exploit to express their frustrations, impose their points of view, their ideologies, in various themes in which their dreams of change crystallize. By trying to combine an identity language with an identity musical genre to express their daily feelings, young people engage in a dialogue among themselves and with society as a whole, and this way of doing things reminds us that language is a tool of communication and socialization which allows any individual to identify with a nation, a society, a group, a culture, or even with a “sub-culture”.
Les TIC Comme Outil de Transformation des Comportements Cognitifs et Pédagogiques
Authors: Ghellab Halima
Published: September 2023

ICT as a Tool for Transforming Cognitive and Pedagogical Behaviors

The teaching of French has been renewed significantly in the last decades. A critical examination of traditional teaching has called everything into question: objectives, conceptions, methods, means used and dynamics of the language class, role and training of teachers, programs, examinations. Starting from a fact stating the relative failure of the old methods, a more constructive work has been undertaken, but this effort of elaboration is far from being achieved. It is important to point out that at the beginning one of the reasons which favored the renewal of pedagogy is the change in the educational conception. Indeed, men of the 21st century seek understanding, through the study of languages, which is oriented more towards multilingual communication. But at what price and with what means? It is true that technological advances have contributed enormously to the educational renewal, enabling teachers to see a wide range of technical means at their workplace that have helped to modernize their work and whose use has opened the way to a lot of new solutions. Degrémont refers to "language industries" as all technical products and activities such as computers, access to information technology, machine translation, dictionary, or electronic mail. What is called "multimedia". These means call for automatic processing of languages, with a view to improving pedagogy. When didactics take hold of these technical means, they adjust them to each teaching discipline : one speaks thus of tools of teaching French, tools of teaching mathematics ... The question which imposes itself here, is to which extent ,these Technical means or ICT, have contributed to the transformation of cognitive and pedagogical behavior? The issues raised in this paper will receive answers in accordance to the perspectives adopted.
Colonial Sudan: The Separate Administration of The South (1920-1933)
Authors: Dani Fatiha
Published: September 2023

As a matter of fact, many educated Sudanese questioned whether there ever existed a coherent and comprehensive British policy toward the Sudan as a whole and toward its Southern Regions in particular. There was actually no room in Sudanese nationalism for continuing domination of the traditional leaders, and as Native Administration came under increasing attacks by the nationalists, so too did its resultant “Southern Policy”, with all its implications for separatism. Ten years after its promulgation, the Southern Policy was regarded by the nationalists as the very symbol of the British imperial dictum of Divide and Rule, intended to continue British control in the Sudan by perpetuating the separation of the country into two regions. Sudanese nationalists viewed the Southern Policy as part of a system which sought to search for the past not to look for the future, and to emphasize diversity not to encourage unity. Moreover, the language policy adopted in the South did not aim specifically at the exclusion of Islam and Arabic but more at the encouragement of English as a lingua franca. This created or intensified linguistic division, which still complicates North – South relations today. Sudanese nationalists continued to condemn the Southern Policy because its implementation, they considered, allowed the ultimate political arrangements of a unified Sudan to be indefinitely postponed. This section is reserved to the birth and execution of the Southern Policy, the factor most responsible for the Sudan’s present separation.
Women Supporting Women: changing traditional gender perceptions in African women stand-up comedy
Authors: Osuolale Ajayi Ibukun
Published: September 2023

Stand-up comedians do not only aim to get their audience entertained. They also try to trigger audience epistemic and ideological engagement with different humour contents. This is done by them through the transactional frames of ideologies and social identity embedded in comedic routines. This study seeks to analyse a growing presence of Rapport management framework and gender representations that challenge and seek to change existing gender stereotypes about women not supporting women. Three female African stand-up comedians have been selected for this study. Two joking performances of Helen Paul (Nigeria comedian), Tumi Morake (South African comedian), and Heiress Jacinta (Ghanaian comedian) were transcribed using the researchers’ notations. Four jokes each were purposively selected from the performances of each of the comedians, and the transcribed data was analysed using Spencer-Oatey’s (2000) Rapport Management theory, and van Dijk’s (2000) ideological Square. The study reveals that African female comedians identify gender binaries and they use their jokes to project ideologies about it. These ideologies influence perceptions of the social identity of the African woman. It is evident, from the data, that the African female comedians predominantly challenge ideologies that are not positive about the female gender, sometimes by ‘de-emphasising positive things about the male gender’, but also by emphasizing female rapport that busts contrary stereotypes. In the process, the female comedians deploy several different linguistic strategies, which the study also explores.
Cloning the linguistic twin sisters: A Comparative Linguistic Study of French and Yoruba Languages
Authors: Oyebola Alaje Olubunmi
Published: September 2023

Phonology can be defined as the study of sound patterns and their meanings both within and across languages. There are innumerable appraisals of scholars on the phonology of French and Yorùbá languages as twin-sisters with little attention paid to the distinctive variance in their phonemic features. Premised on distinctive feature theory which identifies a set of features adequate for describing the segmental contrasts and phonologically important segment groups observed in languages, this study interrogates the differences in the types of syllables, formation of syllables and the components of the syllabic structures in French and Yorùbá languages with a view to identifying how these two languages negotiate their divergence in phonology and morphology. The study reveals that, that two languages are genetically related does not mean that the two will always share the same phonological, morphological, syntactic and grammatical similarities at all times. This study argues that the only workable way out of phonological, morphological, syntactic and grammatical difficulties for Yorubaphone French language learners is not via cloning the linguistic twin sisters.
Analyse des signes linguistiques et iconiques des annonces publicitaires : approche sémiotique
Authors: El Khazri Abdelghafour
Published: September 2023

Analysis of linguistic and iconic signs in advertisements: A semiotic approach

The advertising discourse aims by various means to convince the audience by an argumentative discursive. It does not simply list the qualities of the product, but creates new values and needs and guides perceptions and tastes in a highly competitive environment. The brand anchored its visual identity in the memory of the receiver through linguistic and iconic signs. Useful advertising exploits the common concerns of consumers, including ageing, the vicissitudes of time, the desire to remain young, etc. Advertisers do not put a product on the market to be sold, but rather seek to resurrect a latent energy, invisible stereotypical images. The main objective of the marketer is to appeal to the unconscious, psychological and cognitive specificities, and lifestyles according to the target's expectations. The brand image and its advertising slogans play a crucial role in the consumer's behavior and attitude towards products and change buying habits. The sender goes beyond the exploitation of socio-cultural data, creating a new culture or even trying to give another identity to the society. The advertising spot does not only focus on the object itself, but also seek to getting rid of the utilitarian side of the product, but to give him an iconic and aesthetic dimension. Brands take advantage of the consumer trend by targeting the unconscious of the receiver through his social status to positively influence purchasing behavior.
The Myth of Political Liberty in Arthur Miller’s The crucible
Authors: Olfa Gandouz Ayeb
Published: September 2023

This paper brings attention to the affinities between liberty and license in Arthur Miller’s the Crucible (1956). The play is an allegory for the ideology of McCarthyism which is based on questioning citizens for their Marxist orientations and accusing them of being engaged in an “Un- American Activity.” The excessive freedom of the Capitalist elite has resulted in the repression of the Communist group. In the play, Miller produces a polemical attitude towards excessive liberty by representing it as a myth and criticizing the abuse of power by the dominant socio-economic group. A special focus will be laid to the court of justice in Salem where judgment is becoming subjective and truth is manipulated. Miller succeeds at drawing parallel lines between the historical and the literary and at sneering at the ideal of liberty by showing that it is a myth. The first part will start with the historicity of the text and the aim is to grasp the political atmosphere during the nineteen fifties and to have an idea about the system and ideology Miller is attacking. To achieve the objective of analyzing the myth of freedom in the play, I will move to a close analysis of the play and pay special attention to the thematic concerns and to the traits of characters.
" المصادر التاريخية للنصوص المقدسة "كتاب التوراة نموذجا
Authors: Medjiten Abdelhak
Published: September 2023

The Historical Resources of Sacred Texts The case of Torah

The Bible is the most controversial sacred text, it is the material support of an important and ancient part of the religious and cultural heritage of all humanity. This is the text that has been transmitted by successive generations for more than three thousand years. It is historical record of human culture and civilization since the dawn of history, it brings a balance between religious and archeological and literary reveals many secrets of the cultural and social life of the human being in an era past, and reveals a milestone in the history of the spiritual life of the human being, is the scene of heavenly religions. It is the link between two distinct and interdependent stages of the spiritual life of man: the stage of pagan religions and the stage of celestial religions. It is simply the most sacred and most dominant book of its followers and detractors since the dawn of history. It has been and continues to be the subject of ongoing debates whose texts raise innumerable cognitive problems.
Collaboration versus Cooperation A social disambiguation
Authors: Ghiboub Abdelhak
Published: September 2023

The present paper tackles a disambiguation of the terms collaboration and cooperation from a social perspective. The clarification begins by an etymological investigation into the origin of the two terms. Another attempt is made to maintain the comparison by introducing different views exposed in the available comparative sources then stating, analyzing definitions that concentrate on the differences, and others that address the analogy of the two notions. The current endeavor concludes by highlighting the major differences between the two components of the current paper while aspiring for completion by other studies that will develop and extend it to the field of foreign language learning.
Developing Collocational Competence in EFL Classes Evidence of Nativeness in Algerian Intermediate Learners’Corpus
Authors: Debabi Mohamed , Guerroudj Noureddine
Published: September 2023

No wonder that knowledge of how words pair in L2 has been a missing part in many EFL classes and a peripheral element in many syllabi in Algeria. Virtually, many of the current teaching practices still seek to focus learners’ attention on the role of grammar in the acquisition process under the assumption that grammar has a generative power of language and learners can in turn produce L2 by mastering the different grammatical structures. This tendency resulted in considering lexis, mainly collocations, as subservient to grammar. As a result, learners’ writing has become grammatically well-polished but replete with idiosyncratic wording due to lexical mistakes and deficiency in collocations. Hence, this paper aims at assessing the extent to which developing EFL learners’collocational competence through an explicit contrastive approach can help them produce native- like natural writing. To undertake this research, an experimental and control group of first year English majors were recruited. The former was taught collocations explicitly through a contrastive approach, while the latter was taught English with no focus on collocations. Data were collected from corpora produced by these students in pre and post-tests. Analysis of the findings indicates that pointing out to EFL learners the difference of collocational restrictions between L1 and the target language promotes this learners’collocational competence. Besides, downplaying grammatical mistakes and emphasizing collocational accuracy inside the classroom is very likely to result in learners producing strongly collocated words in their writing. In the light of these findings, the present research paper concludes with some pedagogical implications.
En Torno Al Concepto De Presidio El Caso De Orán
Authors: Belarbi Zohra
Published: September 2023

Around The Concept Of Presidium The case of Oran

The penal colony’s north Africans are original spaces of a politics of tactical - military character and they were playing a role of the military garrison who defended the garrisons, beside taking it as a fundamental function of acting as the first defensive line, against the assaults towards the peninsular territory from the North African coasts or the Oriental Mediterranean, in case of Spain. Furthermore, being penitentiary places where sentences are fulfilled by ordinary or military crimes. The western historiography has given many attentions to the Hispanic penal colony’s in the north African littoral, considering them like frontier spaces; to have been designated like this, and over the centuries, the studies have qualified them as geographical, urban borders and occasionally economic, and geopolitical and religious borders. This way, Oran initially a Maghrebi city as other possessions north Africans turned into prison but also into frontier city and shared with these spaces the same history from the beginning up to the definitive dislocation of most of these enclaves.
Past and Present as Dialogic Narratives in Postmodernist Novels: Jasper Fforde’s The Eyre Affair as an Intertextual to Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre
Authors: Otmani Ilhem , Bouregbi Salah
Published: September 2023

This article intends to delve into the intertextual use of a Victorian novel in The Eyre Affair (2001) by the British writer Jasper Fforde. In his intertextual novel, which features as a sequel to Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre (1847), Fforde shows that art is dependent on art and may integrate allusions to prior works. Since the research interest in the existing responses to Victorian narratives is considerably new, my paper aims to give a comprehensive reflection on one of these responses. It contributes to explore the reasons why the Victorian classics still fascinate postmodernist writers, while observing the changes these latter made to please the twenty first century reader. Its main focus is to determine the intertextual dialogue between the two novels focusing on important critical aspects in Jane Eyre such as point of view, the controversial ending, and the migration of characters, which become an inspiration for Fforde to bring Bronte’s tale to life by carrying the idea of intertextuality in The Eyre Affair.
Systématisation sociolinguistique et contact de langues dans le discours radiophonique : Cas de l’émission Génération Musique de la Radio FM/ Mostaganem
Authors: Boutammina Boudjemâa Ali , Dellalou Naouèl
Published: September 2023

Cet article, destiné aux systématisations sociolinguistiques en Algérie, va nous permettre, selon une observation sociolinguistique diachronique, de clarifier les pratiques langagières lors des émissions radiophoniques algériennes telle que l’émission Génération Musique de la Radio FM/Mostaganem, au moyen d’une observation portant sur la coexistence des langues arabe et française. Pour ce faire, nous abordons successivement, dans cet article, le phénomène de langue et du contact de langues (arabe classique - français - arabe dialectal) voire de leur coexistence dans une même émission radiophonique.
Biased Unbiased Translation: The Case of English into Arabic Translation
Authors: Thawabteh Mohammad Ahmad , Abu Radwan Adel
Published: September 2023

The present paper examines two notions in the ideology of translation, namely biased and unbiased tones as can be illustrated in 10 examples taken from BBC website along with their translations into Arabic by BBC Arabic in 2018 and 2019. The paper first argues that BBC bulging with news items and their translations provided by BBC Arabic should have the same inherent qualities like reciprocal biased and/or unbiased tone as both channels presumably advocate the same general policy. Contrary to this initial assumption, the paper shows that a biased-Source Language (SL) item may have an unbiased-Target Language (TL) text (i.e., translation) or unbiased SL text might have a biased and/or unbiased translation, mainly for two reasons: (1) audience-oriented translation in which the lexical choices made in translation do not occur in a vacuum, but are often influenced by an ideology tilting towards the expectations of a specific audience; and (2) linguistic aspects whereby the two languages, i.e. English and Arabic have little linguistic reality.
الترجمة والتحكم في اللغة الثانية مقاربة في إطار النظرية التوليدية التحويلية
Authors: شقروش عبد السلام
Published: September 2023

أخذت الترجمة في السنوات الأخيرة منعرجا جديدا، حين صارت محكومة بإطار نظري تلتزم بأسسهالفلسفية وتعمل وفقا لإجراءاته التقنية، ومن هنا ظهرت نظريات عدة تحكم عملية الترجمة، وتنبثق عن نظرياتلسانية، ذلك لأن كل تطور في اللغة لا بد وأن يسايره تطوره في الترجمة .ولقد تعددت مفاهيم والترجمة بتعدد المدارس اللسانية، وظهرت نظريات عدة في الترجمة، أهمها النظرية القواعديةوالنظرية الثقافية والنظرية التفسيرية، فيما برز على الساحة الدراسات في مجال الترجمة المدرسة التوليدية التحويليةوالتي ترى أن الطفل يولد وهو مزود بجهاز اكتساب اللغة، الذي هو عبارة عن أطر منتظمة وفق قانون معين،ويتشابه البشر جميعهم في النظام الأولي لهذه الأطر وترتبط هذه الأخيرة ببرامترات )متغيرات( تختلف من لغةإلى أخرى، وعمل الطفل في مرحلة الاكتساب اللغوي هو تثبيت هذه البرامترات، لتأخذ شكلها النهائي والذييمثل النضج اللغوية واكتساب اللغة الأم

يتم التحكم في اللغة الثانية بتثبيت ثان للبرامترات في مختلف النظم اللسانية وإعادة التثبيت هذه لها علاقة مباشرةبعملية التثبيت الأولى، في المتعلم يأخذ الخصائص التمييزية للغة الأولى ويطبقها على اللغة الثانية، إلى أن يصطدمبواقع تتعارض مع فرضياته التي وضعها، وبعد استخلاص معاني جديدة من أخرى قديمة وتمييز أفكار ومفاهيمفي لغة من تشبيهاتها في لغة أخرى، يحصل اكتساب نظام جديد للتصور اللغوي.
The English Translations of Panini’s Ashtadhyayi: A translational textual analysis
Authors: Khan Shair Ali
Published: September 2023

The study aims to find out the reader-centred & author-centred translation of Ashtadhyayi of Panini, an Indian linguist of 5th century BC, who compiled the world oldest, shortest and ever first linguistic book in Sanskrit language focusing on all linguistic aspects, aiming at protecting the sounds of Vedas; the holy book of Hinduism. The linguistic importance of Sanskrit was firstly mentioned by William Jones during his famous address in India, whereas the linguistic phenomena were discussed by Ferdinand de Saussure in nineteenth century. The book is first translated into English in 1891by Sarisa Chandra Vasu with a large number of Sanskrit Words which gained a momentous fame in all the linguistic circles. Due to which Ashtadhyayi was studied widely by English professors and students illuminating their linguistic horizons by coining unique ambiguous precise 4000 rules under the name of ‘Sutra’. Just after this English translational creation of Ashtadhyayi a large number of translations were done by the native Hindu scholars and even by western Sanskritests. Therefore, a huge number of commentaries, studies and articles were written by European and native linguists and at the same time it was translated into other languages. The book and all its translations are available online. The purpose of this paper is to collect all the English translations of Ashtadhyayi throughout the history since 5th BC to the age of globalization and digitalization, then putting them into a translational categorization according to various kinds of translations finding out the most comprehensive and faithful translations among them and the types of translation strategies applied by the translators in translating this unique cryptic linguistic book.
Ellipses and Fragments: linguistic means of decolonization in Joyce’s Dubliners
Authors: Khalaf Souad , Haddad Nadine Riachi
Published: September 2023

This paper traces Joyce’s linguistic techniques of void and gaps as he went about when writing Dubliners, and reveals what is implied in some of the stories and most importantly shows how through ellipses and fragments, his characters’ attempt to achieve decolonization. The main issue of explicit communication in colonial societies is replaced by such linguistic aspects where postcolonial writers like James Joyce tend to express their ideas of decolonization through the implicitness of language to deliver political messages. Hence, and in order to solve the problem of the explicit limitations of language, this paper attempts to reveal the covert messages of the stories by studying ellipses and fragments. While void and gaps portray negative connotations, the methodology used here to fill in the blanks of ellipses and fragments focuses on the information investigated, explored and then implemented by the reader to complete the unfinished thoughts and solve Joyce’s mysteries. Filling out ellipses are investigated mainly in the stories of “The Sisters” and “A Little Cloud” where characters are helped by the reader, who fills out these ellipses, to escape their colonial ordeals into a more hopeful world. Similarly, fragments show the characters’ struggle to achieve linguistic decolonization by completing the unfinished thoughts and utterances especially in the stories of “Eveline” and “Clay”. By analysing the discourse that takes place between the characters in these stories, the reader may reveal what has been left implied and will show how by filling out ellipses and completing fragments, characters may achieve decolonization. Additionally, the role of annexes in this article gives a more concrete proof of the use of ellipses and fragments as decolonial tools by presenting statistics of their usage in the stories and thoroughly analysing their implicit interpretations. Ultimately, findings will prove that those who struggle with the explicitness of censoredl anguage in politically disturbed environments will find other means to express their thoughts of freedom through the analysis of what language implies and not what is overtly expressed. Thus, the readers are allowed to reconstruct ellipses and fragments to come up with more comprehensible ideas of what is linguistically required to achieve decolonization.
Las Técnicas de Traducción del Cuento literario y la Transmisión de lo Cultural : El caso del Cuento Amazigh Traducido Al Español “Cuentos Populares del Rif Contados por Mujeres Cuentacuentos”
Authors: El Koulali Salima
Published: September 2023

Este artículo trata el tema de las técnicas o los procedimientos de traducción a los que ha recurrido la autora Zoubida Boughaba Maalem, para traducir unos cuentos recopilados en la zona del Rif. El hecho de expresar una realidad que no es igual para los lectores de la lengua de llegada, exige que elijamos de manera precisa las técnicas usadas, sobre todo, si se trata de la traducción de los culturemas. Después de aludir al estado de la lengua amazigh en Marruecos, hemos elegido una metodología que consiste en la definición del proceso de traducción, ya que la traducción puede estar definida como una actividad entre las lenguas, una actividad artística, puede centrarse en la naturaleza del texto a traducir, o considerarse como comunicación. Respecto a los métodos de traducción que hay citamos: los métodos establecidos por Katharina Reiss, que hace una clasificación de los textos en tres tipos : informativos, expresivos, y operativos; los métodos establecidos por House que divide la traducción en dos tipos la traducción encubierta y la traducción patente; los métodos establecidos por Amparo Hurtado que distingue entre el método interpretativo-comunicativo, el método literal y el método libre; los métodos establecidos por Peter Newmark quien diferencia ocho de ellos: la traducción palabra por palabra, la traducción literal, la traducción fiel, la traducción semántica, la adaptación, la traducción libre, la traducción idiomática, y la traducción comunicativa. Podemos afirmar que la autora ha utilizado el método interpretativo- comunicativo, porque siempre facilita la comprensión de los términos de su cultura con el fin de entablar una relación comunicativa con los lectores. Asimismo, hemos definido el término de la cultura según proponen Terry Eagleton y Dik Hebdige, tomando en consideración la clasificación de las palabras culturales según Newmark que distingue entre dos tipos de palabras: universales y culturales. Respecto a los dominios piensa que pueden clasificarse en: ecología, cultura material, cultura social, organización social, gestos y hábitos. Los procedimientos de traducción utilizados en esta traducción son aquellos propuestos por Vinay y Darbelnet como el préstamo, el calco, la traducción literal, la transposición, la modulación, la equivalencia, la adaptación, la amplificación, la explicitación, la omisión, la compensación, y otros procedimientos a parte que son la paráfrasis, el neologismo y el pie de página. He intentado destacar estas técnicas, dando los ejemplos y justificando su opción.
L’Adjectif Substantif et Aspects de la Définitude dans l’écriture de Kourouma
Authors: N’Guessan Konan Lazare
Published: September 2023

L’écriture de Kourouma est un panel qui n’a pas encore fini de passionner les linguistes tant les innovations ont été retentissantes, déconcertantes mais en même temps stimulantes. Certains excès ont été, en effet, considérés comme des hardiesses et c’est au titre de celles-ci que la substantivation adjective est abordée chez Kourouma dans un objectif qui est celui de situer son impact énonciatif dans le discours de l’auteur. Celui-ci en fait un tel usage dans sa production romanesque qu’il ne manque pas d’attirer l’attention. L’analyse s’appuie sur des méthodes syntaxico-sémantiques, pragmatico-discursives (inspirées des théories énonciatives) et polyphoniques (issues de l’argumentation dans la langue (AD)). La substantivation se construit, en général, au moyen des déterminants adjectifs et articles. Chez Kourouma, les articles sont le premier élément producteur de la substantivation adjective en raison de ressources tant syntaxique, sémantique que pragmatique qui facilitent l’intégration du nominal adjectif dans les multiples circuits du discours littéraire. Perçus par certains comme un support du mot qu’ils déterminent par la transformation de celui-ci en constituant syntaxique, les articles sont, dans une perspective sémantique, envisagés comme un apport du mot par d’autres en tant qu’ils agissent comme opérateur de référence. Quoi qu’il en soit, pragmatiquement, leur définitude autant que leur indéfinitude dans le nominal adjectif sont autant d’instructions qui informent sur l’intuition de l’énonciateur et qui organisent sa dynamique discursive chez Kourouma.
Investigating the Role of Multimodality in Promoting Algerian EFL Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Case Study: Third Year EFL Students at Biskra University
Authors: Bougherara Rim , Khaldi Kamel
Published: September 2023

This paper aimed at investigating the role of multimodality in promoting Algerian English as Foreign Language students’ critical thinking skills. The vital role of critical thinking skills in education makes English as foreign language teachers integrate distinctive strategies into their lessons to promote their use by students. However, the most suitable strategy is the one that enhances the interaction between teachers and students. Multimodality allows making meaning and interaction between individuals since it covers a mixture of modes. The latter assists the flexibility of interaction and then it can enhance cognitive abilities. Thus, multimodality can be considered as a workable strategy that fosters students’ critical thinking skills. This paper was important in the sense that it attempted to investigate the extent to which those students can use critical thinking skills, and to describe the role of multimodality in promoting them among English as Foreign Language students. The method adopted in this paper is descriptive one for which the researcher used two data gathering tools: a questionnaire and an interview. The questionnaire was administered to four teachers and eighty-third year students from the department of English, at Biskra University, but the interview was aimed only at the teachers. It was found that students still face difficulties in using critical thinking skills; basically, higher-order thinking ones. They mostly preferred multimodality as a strategy to promote these skills and to minimize the difficulties they faced. The findings showed that there were conflicting answers among the teachers: On the one hand they confirmed the usefulness of multimodality in promoting their students’ critical thinking skills, but on the other hand they implemented another strategy. Therefore, it was recommended to find out the reasons why this strategy was not used by teachers though they confirmed its usefulness regarding the promotion of critical thinking skills on the part of students.
La Note du Traducteur comme Manifestation de la Dissonance Cognitive
Authors: Taibi Mohamed Yassine , Boukhalfa Mohamed Réda , Louli Boukhalfa Nesrine
Published: September 2023

La "note du traducteur" comme un cas d'ajout cognitif se manifeste comme une technique de traduction, dont le recours est motivé par la recherche d'un état consonant, à la suite d'une situation de dissonance cognitive engendrée par le désaccord avec l'auteur source, et ce par l'adoption du mécanisme nommé "ajout de cognition". Ainsi, l’analyse à la lumière de la théorie psychosociologique de la dissonance cognitive, et le recours aux "notes de traduction" dans un texte historique, met en exergue le désaccord présent entre les sens du texte source et la pensée du traducteur. Une telle approche permettrait d'éclairer une partie du processus psychologique (cognitif) chez le traducteur, à travers ces espaces qu’il utilise pour marquer sa présence intellectuelle.
A Bakhtinian Investigation of the Gendered Space as a Dystopian Chronotope in Atwood’s The Year of the Flood (2009)
Authors: Selt Afaf Djihad , Berrahal Fatiha Kaid
Published: September 2023

This paper seeks to investigate the possibility of regarding gendered spaces as dystopian chronotopes in Margaret Atwood’s novel The Year of the Flood (2009). The current research attempts to examine the process through which spaces are stratified into gendered ones, characterized by a masculine supremacy and feminine inferiority. Following a geocritical approach, the spatial landmarks and references that are found in the novel are scrutinized in order to examine the process through which space is categorized on a gender basis. The temporal indicators of the chosen work are studied interchangeably with their accompanying spatial presentations using Mikhail Bakhtin’s views on the literary chronotope. This latter looks into how the configurations of time and space are represented through language and discourse. Finally, the present research concludes that gendered spaces presented in Atwood’s novel constitute dystopian chronotopes because they epitomize one of the manifestations of dystopia.
Traduire les cultures : quelles stratégies pour traduire l’intraduisible au sein des œuvres littéraires africaines?
Authors: Gerard Adzalo Kossi
Published: September 2023

Translating Cultures: Which strategies for the translation of untranslatable terms in African literary works?

Among the problems that surface in the field of translation, untranslatability is one of the most acrimonious to deal with. It is not only a question of terms that are not translated, but of terms that are retranslated over time, and which divide authors and translators. Sometimes, this leads to the omission of important terms that convey messages which are keys to the understanding of the works. We notice the plurality of African works aiming to defend their language-cultures and whose authors adopt a heterolingual language composed of their native languages and Western languages. This creates untranslatable terms that challenge the most skilled translator. Since these languages are not standard languages, many questions arise, such as whether all the untranslatable terms are rendered in the target language? If not, how do translators handle these untranslatable terms? Are there specific approaches to render them? These are the different questions we will address in our article. First, we will present the different cases of untranslatable terms in African literary works. After, we will talk about the cultural wealth they represent. Finally, we will propose some translation approaches that would make it possible to translate cultures without obstructing the knowledge they contain.