bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulating Li-ion flux via engineering oxidized ZIF-8/polyacrylonitrile fiber interlayer for Li metal batteries with high performance
Authors: Si Yechen , Jiang Yunhao , Liu Jiayi , Guan Hongyu , Wu Xing-Long , Shan Changsheng
Published: March 2023

A novel oxidized ZIF-8/polyacrylonitrile fiber interlayer with excellent lithophilicity and uniform microporous structure could regulate Li-ion flux to obtain high performance of Li metal batteries.
Advances in sensing mechanisms and micro/nanostructured sensing layers for surface acoustic wave-based gas sensors
Authors: Li Xue , Sun Wenfeng , Fu Wei , Lv Haifeng , Zu Xiaotao , Guo Yuanjun , Gibson Des , Fu Yong-Qing
Published: March 2023

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology has been extensively used in communications and sensing applications. This review summarizes the recent advancement of micro- and nanostructured sensing materials in enhancing the gas sensing performance of SAW devices.
Self-healable and freeze-resistant polyelectrolyte based on an EG anchor chain and dual dynamic reversible interaction as highly sensitive ionic skin
Authors: Liao Haiyang , Zhong Wenzhao , Han Jieling , Xiao Yeqi , Xiao Tieming , Sun Xiao , Cui Guixin , Huang Jie
Published: March 2023

Presently, it is necessary to develop fully flexible sensors for the next generation of wearable electronics, and in this case, hydrogel-based flexible sensors are highly attractive due to their unique mechanical performances.
Centimeter-size single crystals of 2D hybrid perovskites for shortwave light photodetection with a low detection limit
Authors: Zhang Chengshu , Xiao Hao , Guan Qianwen , Zhu Tingting , Liang Lishan , Li Ruiqing , Ye Huang , Niu Xinyi , Luo Junhua
Published: March 2023

Weak shortwave light photodetection with a low detection limit was achieved via centimeter-size single crystals of 2D perovskite (PA)2PbBr4. Under an extremely low illumination of 20 nW cm−2, the detector still exhibits a remarkable photoresponse.
(Controlled) Free radical (co)polymerization of multivinyl monomers: strategies, topological structures and biomedical applications
Authors: Li Zhili , Yong Haiyang , Wang Kaixuan , Zhou Ya-Nan , Lyu Jing , Liang Lirong , Zhou Dezhong
Published: March 2023

Chemically and topologically complex polymers are synthesized by free radical (co)polymerization of multivinyl monomers and used for various biomedical applications.
Three-component synthesis ofN-naphthyl pyrazolesviaRh(iii)-catalyzed cascade pyrazole annulation and Satoh–Miura benzannulation
Authors: Chen Demao , Zhou Liyun , Liu Yunyun , Wan Jie-Ping
Published: March 2023

The reactions of enaminones, hydrazine hydrochlorides and internal alkynes for the synthesis ofN-naphthyl pyrazoles are achievedviaRh(iii) catalysis, representing the first three-component Satoh–Miura benzannulation.
Facile method to activate substrate for oxygen evolution by a galvanic-cell reaction
Authors: Li Derun , Zhong Chenglin , Huo Xiao-Lei , Ren Feng , Zhou Qingwen
Published: March 2023

NiFe LDH is prepared via galvanic-cell corrosion between nickel and iron substrates in aqueous solutions containing a halogen group anion (e.g., Cl) at ambient temperature.
Na[Tc(CO)(CNp-F-ArDArF2)4]: an isocyanide analogue of the elusive Na[Tc(CO)5]
Authors: Salsi Federico , Hagenbach Adelheid , Figueroa Joshua S. , Abram Ulrich
Published: March 2023

Structure, spectroscopic data and reactivity of the first isolated technetium(-1) compound, stabilized by a sterically encumbered isocyanide, are provided.
Crystalline phase transformation of Co-MOF derivatives on ordered mesoporous carbons for high-performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: Jing Chuan , Ma Jinyu , Sun Qing , Li Yanhong , Tang Xiao , Ling Faling , Wang Yongjie , Zhang Wendong , Zhou Xianju , Zhang Yuxin
Published: March 2023

Preparation and phase transformation of Co-based metal–organic frameworks derivatives.
In- and Ga-oxo clusters/hydrides in zeolites: speciation and catalysis for light-alkane activations/transformations
Authors: Mengwen Huang , Yasumura Shinsaku , Toyao Takashi , Shimizu Ken-ichi , Maeno Zen
Published: March 2023

In and Ga-oxo clusters/hydrides in zeolites active for partial methane oxidation/selective ethane dehydrogenation were comprehensively studied by a combination of experimental and theoretical investigations.
Native point defects in antiperovskite Ba3SbN: a promising semiconductor for photovoltaics
Authors: Kang Youngho
Published: March 2023

Hybrid functional first-principles calculations reveal that antiperovskite Ba3SbN is a promising semiconductor for photovoltaics with defect tolerance.
Impact of the metal centre (Al3+, Fe3+) on the post-synthetic lithiation of functionalized MIL-53s and the electrochemical properties of lithiated derivatives
Authors: Denis Morgane , Chevreau Hubert , Salcedo-Abraira Pablo , Moreau Philippe , Dupré Nicolas , Paris Michael , Poizot Philippe , Devic Thomas
Published: March 2023

MIL-53(M)-(OH)2 (M = Al, Fe) solids based on a redox active dioxoterephthalate ligand were lithiated post-synthesis, and the resulting products were evaluated as positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Ligand-free reductive coupling of aldehydes with 1,3-dienes using a sulfur-modified Au-supported nickel nanoparticle catalyst
Authors: Ohta Ryosuke , Shio Yasunori , Akiyama Toshiki , Yamada Makito , Harada Kazuo , Arisawa Mitsuhiro
Published: March 2023

Regio- and stereoselective homoallylation reaction of aldehydes with 1,3-dienes using a Ni NP catalyst to afford homoallylated alcohols.
Synthesis of α-amino acid derived (1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-picolinamide (tzpa) ligands and their corresponding luminescent Tb(iii) complexes
Authors: Hegarty Isabel N. , Hawes Chris S. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: March 2023

The synthesis of chiral α-amino acid derived (1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-picolinamide (tzpa) ligands 4–6 designed by combining the coordination properties of two well-known ligand structures within a single unit is described.
Nickel–palladium bimetallic nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes; versatile catalyst for Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Wilson Katherine A. , Picinich Lacey A. , Siamaki Ali R.
Published: March 2023

Nickel–palladium bimetallic nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ni–Pd/MWCNTs) were successfully employed in Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions with functionalized aryl halides and terminal alkynes.
N-Doped carbon nanoparticles on highly porous carbon nanofiber electrodes for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Yanilmaz Meltem , Atıcı Bülin , Zhu Jiadeng , Toprakci Ozan , Kim Juran
Published: March 2023

Nitrogen doped carbon nanoparticles on highly porous carbon nanofiber electrodes were successfully synthesized via combining centrifugal spinning, chemical polymerization of pyrrole and a two-step heat treatment.
An efficient pink luminescent Eu(iii) coordination polymer excited on a blue LED chip
Authors: Abusail Nafisa A. , Riyami Najat Al , Ilmi Rashid , Khan Muhammed S. , Al-Rasbi Nawal K.
Published: March 2023

The design of a pink-LED device is achieved by doping an Eu(iii) coordination polymer (Eu2 CP) on an InGaN blue LED chip. The Eu2 CP has been studied systematically in terms of structure, stability and photophysical properties in the solid state.
Non-volatile memristor-based artificial synaptic behavior of redox-active organic composites
Authors: Betal Atanu , Bera Jayanta , Sahu Satyajit
Published: March 2023

Artificial synaptic characteristics of a small organic molecule and polymer composite have been studied. The electrodes can be considered pre and post-synaptic neurons, and the active layer can be considered a synapse that transfers the information from one neuron to another.
Photosynthetic acclimation to changing environments
Authors: Gjindali Armida , Johnson Giles N.
Published: March 2023

Plants are exposed to environments that fluctuate of timescales varying from seconds to months. Leaves that develop in one set of conditions optimise their metabolism to the conditions experienced, in a process called developmental acclimation. However, when plants experience a sustained change in conditions, existing leaves will also acclimate dynamically to the new conditions. Typically this process takes several days. In this review, we discuss this dynamic acclimation process, focussing on the responses of the photosynthetic apparatus to light and temperature. We briefly discuss the principal changes occurring in the chloroplast, before examining what is known, and not known, about the sensing and signalling processes that underlie acclimation, identifying likely regulators of acclimation.
The functional importance of bacterial oxidative phosphonate pathways
Authors: Pallitsch Katharina , Zechel David L.
Published: March 2023

Organophosphonates (Pns) are a unique class of natural products characterized by a highly stable C–P bond. Pns exhibit a wide array of interesting structures as well as useful bioactivities ranging from antibacterial to herbicidal. More structurally simple Pns are scavenged and catabolized by bacteria as a source of phosphorus. Despite their environmental and industrial importance, the pathways involved in the metabolism of Pns are far from being fully elucidated. Pathways that have been characterized often reveal unusual chemical transformations and new enzyme mechanisms. Among these, oxidative enzymes play an outstanding role during the biosynthesis and degradation of Pns. They are to a high extent responsible for the structural diversity of Pn secondary metabolites and for the break-down of both man-made and biogenic Pns. Here, we review our current understanding of the importance of oxidative enzymes for microbial Pn metabolism, discuss the underlying mechanistic principles, similarities, and differences between pathways. This review illustrates Pn biochemistry to involve a mix of classical redox biochemistry and unique oxidative reactions, including ring formations, rearrangements, and desaturations. Many of these reactions are mediated by specialized iron-dependent oxygenases and oxidases. Such enzymes are the key to both early pathway diversification and late-stage functionalization of complex Pns.
Regulation of germline proteostasis by HSF1 and insulin/IGF-1 signaling
Authors: Muhammad Tahir , Li Jian
Published: March 2023

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for cellular function and organismal health and requires the concerted actions of protein synthesis, folding, transport, and turnover. In sexually reproducing organisms, the immortal germline lineage passes genetic information across generations. Accumulating evidence indicates the importance of proteome integrity for germ cells as genome stability. As gametogenesis involves very active protein synthesis and is highly energy-demanding, it has unique requirements for proteostasis regulation and is sensitive to stress and nutrient availability. The heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a key transcriptional regulator of cellular response to cytosolic and nuclear protein misfolding has evolutionarily conserved roles in germline development. Similarly, insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling, a major nutrient-sensing pathway, impacts many aspects of gametogenesis. Here, we focus on HSF1 and IIS to review insights into their roles in germline proteostasis and discuss the implications on gamete quality control during stress and aging.
Mre11–Rad50: the DNA end game
Authors: Hopfner Karl-Peter
Published: March 2023

The Mre11–Rad50-(Nbs1/Xrs2) complex is an evolutionarily conserved factor for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and other DNA termini in all kingdoms of life. It is an intricate DNA associated molecular machine that cuts, among other functions, a large variety of free and obstructed DNA termini for DNA repair by end joining or homologous recombination, yet leaves undamaged DNA intact. Recent years have brought progress in both the structural and functional analyses of Mre11–Rad50 orthologs, revealing mechanisms of DNA end recognition, endo/exonuclease activities, nuclease regulation and DNA scaffolding. Here, I review our current understanding and recent progress on the functional architecture Mre11–Rad50 and how this chromosome associated coiled-coil ABC ATPase acts as DNA topology specific endo-/exonuclease.
Optimum frequency response with decentralized drivers in power system
Authors: Maldonado Diego , Cepeda Jaime , Gamboa Silvana , Torres Jackeline Abad , Cruz Patricio J.
Published: March 2023

This document presents a novel methodology to optimize the power system frequency response based on the implementation of decentralized controllers. The proposed method focuses on the control of the internal rotor angle in the selected generator, which allows its governor to act as a decentralized controller that requires as input local measurements. Through a proposed optimization process, it is first possible to establish a set of optimal parameters for each controller and, second, to determine the required phasor measurement units (PMUs) and their locations that are necessary to be installed in a power system. This comprehensive proposal is based on the time domain evaluation of the frequency response when multiple scenarios of deviations between demand and generation occur. Finally, the new proposal is applied to the IEEE 39‐bus test system to validate its advantages; for this, the test power system as well as the proposed controllers are implemented in DIgSILENT PowerFactory, along with Python to manage the optimization process.
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Mowlavi N. , Holl B. , Lecoeur-Taïbi I. , Barblan F. , Kochoska A. , Prša A. , Mazeh T. , Rimoldini L. , Gavras P. , Audard M. , Jevardat de Fombelle G. , Nienartowicz K. , García-Lario P. , Eyer L.
Published: March 2023

Context.GaiaData Release 3 (DR3) provides a number of new data products that complement the early DR3 made available two years ago. Among these is the firstGaiacatalogue of eclipsing-binary candidates containing 2 184 477 sources with brightnesses from a few magnitudes to 20 mag in theGaiaG-band and covering the full sky.

Aims.We present the catalogue, describe its content, provide tips for its use, estimate its quality, and show illustrative samples.

Methods.Candidate selection is based on the results of variable object classification performed within theGaiaData Processing and Analysis Consortium. Candidates are then further filtered using eclipsing-binary-tailored criteria based on theG-band light curves. To find the orbital period, a large ensemble of trial periods is first acquired using three distinct period-search methods applied to the cleanedGlight curve of each source. TheGlight curve is then modelled with up to two Gaussians and a cosine for each trial period. The best combination of orbital period and geometric model is finally selected using Bayesian model comparison based on the BIC. A global ranking metric is provided to rank the quality of the chosen model between sources. The catalogue is restricted to orbital periods larger than 0.2 days.

Results.Of ∼600 000 available crossmatches, about 530 000 of the candidates are classified as eclipsing binaries in the literature as well, and 93% of them have published periods compatible with theGaiaperiods. Catalogue completeness is estimated to be between 25% and 50%, depending on the sky region, relative to the OGLE4 catalogues of eclipsing binaries towards the Galactic Bulge and the Magellanic Clouds. The analysis of an illustrative sample of ∼400 000 candidates with significant parallaxes shows properties in the observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagram as expected for eclipsing binaries. The subsequent analysis of a subsample of detached bright candidates provides further hints for the exploitation of the catalogue. We also address the observed lack of short-period (less than a day) systems in the Magellanic Cloud in comparison to Galactic systems. The orbital periods, light-curve model parameters, and global rankings are all published in the catalogue with their related uncertainties where applicable.

Conclusions.ThisGaiaDR3 catalogue of eclipsing-binary candidates constitutes the largest catalogue to date in terms of number of sources, sky coverage, and magnitude range.
Super-steep synapses based on positive feedback devices for reliable binary neural networks
Authors: Kwon Dongseok , Kim Hyeongsu , Lee Kyu-Ho , Hwang Joon , Shin Wonjun , Bae Jong-Ho , Woo Sung Yun , Lee Jong-Ho
Published: March 2023

This work proposes positive feedback (PF) device-based synaptic devices for reliable binary neural networks (BNNs). Due to PF operation, the fabricated PF device shows a high on/off current ratio (2.69 × 107). The PF device has a charge-trap layer by which the turn-on voltage (Von) of the device can be adjusted by program/erase operations and a long-term memory function is implemented. Also, due to the steep switching characteristics of the PF device, the conductance becomes tolerant to the retention time and the variation in turn-on voltage. Simulations show that high accuracy (88.44% for CIFAR-10 image classification) can be achieved in hardware-based BNNs using PF devices with these properties as synapses.
A composite energy harvester based on human reciprocating motion
Authors: Gu Xiangfeng , He Lipeng , Wang Hongxin , Sun Lei , Zhou Ziming , Cheng Guangming
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a piezoelectric electromagnetic composite energy harvester is studied. The device consists of a mechanical spring, upper and lower base, magnet coil, etc. The upper and lower bases are connected by struts and mechanical springs and secured by end caps. The device moves up and down under the vibration of the external environment. As the upper base moves downward, the circular excitation magnet moves downward, and the piezoelectric magnet is deformed under a non-contact magnetic force. Traditional energy harvesters have the problems of a single form of power generation and inefficient energy collection. This paper proposes a piezoelectric electromagnetic composite energy harvester to improve energy efficiency. Through theoretical analysis, the power generation trends of rectangular, circular, and electric coils are obtained. Simulation analysis yields the maximum displacement of the rectangular and circular piezoelectric sheets. The device uses piezoelectric power generation and electromagnetic power generation to achieve compound power generation, improve the output voltage and output power, and can provide power supply to more electronic components. By introducing the nonlinear magnetic action, the mechanical collision and wear of the piezoelectric elements during the work are avoided, so that the service life and service life of the equipment is extended. The experimental results show that the highest output voltage of the device is 13.28 V when the circular magnets mutually repel rectangular mass magnets and the tip magnet of the piezoelectric element is 0.6 mm from the sleeve. The external resistance is 1000 Ω, and the maximum power output of the device is 5.5 mW.
Probing the dipole–dipole interaction in single 0D/2D heterostructures by tightly focused cylindrical vector beams
Authors: Hou Shijin , He Mai , Ge Cuihuan , Huang Lanyu , Zhang Danliang , Luo Xinyi , Pan Anlian , Wang Xiao
Published: March 2023

Energy transfer from zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots (QDs) to two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted much attention for both the manipulation of fundamental material properties and their potential device applications. An understanding of the effect of dipole interactions on energy transfer rate in the hybrid dimensional system is essential for improving optoelectronic device performance. Here, we report the dipole-orientation-dependent energy transfer from individual core–shell CdSe/ZnS QDs to bilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by utilizing tightly focused azimuthally and radially polarized cylindrical vector beams. With second-order photon correlation measurements [g2(τ)], we show the single-photon emission behavior from QDs in 0D/2D heterostructures, indicating that the investigated heterostructure is constructed from single QDs. By polarization resolved photoluminescence (PL) imaging and PL lifetime measurements, we observe a fast energy transfer rate of the system excited with azimuthally polarized beams and interpret it based on dipole–dipole interactions with Förster energy transfer theory. Our work provides an in-depth understanding of the dipole-orientation-dependent energy transfer mechanism in 0D/2D systems, which could offer guidance for designing the related optoelectronic device applications.
Radiative recombination of a high internal-quantum-efficiency 268 nm ultraviolet C-band light emitting diode
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Zhou Ling , Gao Ying , Lunev Alexander , Wu Shuai , Zhang Bin , Götz Werner
Published: March 2023

After assigning a thickness d to the carrier recombination region of a light emitting diode (LED), we show that the ABC model involving Shockley–Read–Hall non-radiative, radiative, and Auger recombination coefficients, i.e., A, B, and C, respectively, can bring new insight into the radiative recombination process. In order to fit external quantum efficiency (EQE) data of ultraviolet C-band (UVC) as well as blue LEDs, the ABC model requires the product d·B to be invariant of the injection current. This can be understood that as the thickness of the recombination region increases the radiative recombination coefficient decreases due to reduced electron–hole wavefunction overlaps. For an LED with high internal quantum efficiency (IQE), its quality factor Q (Q=BAC) usually undergoes a noticeable drop as the injection current increases to pass the current of maximal EQE. This is due to an increase in the thickness of the recombination region and, hence, a reduction in the radiative recombination coefficient as the injected carriers start to drift or diffuse to involve more quantum wells for light emission. Applying this ABC model, we analyze a high-efficiency 268 nm UVC LED, which delivers ∼199 mW optical power under a direct current of 350 mA and obtains a maximal IQE of ∼86.4% and an effective light extraction efficiency of ∼15.3%.
Modeling laser interactions with aluminum and tantalum targets using a hybrid atomistic-continuum model
Authors: Chen Ching , Galitskiy Sergey , Mishra Avanish , Dongare Avinash M.
Published: March 2023

A hybrid atomistic-continuum method can model the microstructure evolution of metals subjected to laser irradiation. This method combines classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the two-temperature model (TTM) to account for the laser energy absorption and heat diffusion behavior. Accurate prediction of the temperature evolution in the combined MD-TTM method requires reliable accuracy in electron heat capacity, electron thermal conductivity, and electron–phonon coupling factor across the temperatures generated. This study uses the electronic density of states (DOS) obtained from first-principle calculations. The calculated electron temperature-dependent parameters are used in MD-TTM simulations to study the laser metal interactions in FCC and BCC metals and the phenomenon of laser shock loading and melting. This study uses FCC Al and BCC Ta as model systems to demonstrate this capability. When subjected to short pulsed laser shocks, the dynamic failure behavior predicted using temperature-dependent parameters is compared with the experimentally reported single-crystal and nanocrystalline Al and Ta systems. The MD-TTM simulations also investigate laser ablation and melting behavior of Ta to compare with the ablation threshold reported experimentally. This manuscript demonstrates that integrating the temperature-dependent parameters into MD-TTM simulations leads to the accurate modeling of the laser–metal interaction and allows the prediction of the kinetics of the solid–liquid interface.
Capacitance–voltage modeling of mid-wavelength infrared nBn detectors
Authors: Carrasco Rigo A. , Newell Alexander T. , Alsaad Zinah M. , Logan Julie V. , Duran Joshua M. , Ariyawansa Gamini , Pinkie Benjamin , Morath Christian P. , Webster Preston T.
Published: March 2023

Capacitance–voltage measurements are a powerful technique to determine doping profiles of semiconductor pn junctions and Schottky barrier diodes. The measurements were recently extended to III-V-based mid-wavelength nBn infrared detectors, and absorber doping densities have been extracted using the widely accepted Schottky approximation, where the potential drop across the device is assumed to be across the depleting absorber layer. However, this approach is limited to when the absorber region of the nBn is under high reverse bias and thus is only able to extract the absorber region doping profile. Here, we introduce a semi-analytical model that is capable of extracting barrier dopant polarity, doping concentration, and thickness, as well as contact and absorber layer doping concentrations, all from a capacitance–voltage measurement. Rather than solely considering the potential drop across the depleting layers, it considers the potential drop across the accumulating layer as well. This negative charge accumulation occurs for the contact and absorber layers in the case of reverse and forward biases, respectively. This allows for a single model to be applied to a capacitance–voltage curve at forward and reverse biases and it can provide regions of bias where the absorber transitions from depletion to accumulation. We compare the agreement of the semianalytical model with modeling results from commercially available finite element method software and experimental capacitance–voltage data. Finally, we show that the method is consistent with the Schottky approximation of extracting absorber doping densities at high reverse bias and discuss the model's limitations.
An insight into lithium-ion transport in germanium-doped lithium titanate anode through NMR spectroscopy and post-carbonization for anode applications in lithium-ion battery
Authors: O. V. Sreejith , Dorai Arunkumar , Kawamura Junichi , Ramaswamy Murugan
Published: March 2023

Adapting toward lithium titanate as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries led to the safest and long-lasting battery technology, especially for electric vehicle applications. However, the poor conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion of lithium titanate have to be addressed for widespread usage in next-generation E-mobility. The lithium-ion motion inside lithium titanate and germanium-doped lithium titanate was investigated through pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and temperature-dependent ionic conductivity studies. The superior charge carrier mobility of germanium enhanced the lithium-ion diffusion in lithium titanate significantly to 1.48 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 in Li4Ge0.1Ti4.9O12 at 500 °C. While germanium improves the ionic diffusion, an ex situ carbon coating was adapted over the sample for electronic conductivity enhancement. Samples with two different carbon contents (5 and 10 wt. %) were examined for electrochemical analysis. Significant improvements in battery performance were observed on carbon-coated germanium-doped lithium titanate. The carbon-coated sample gave superior initial performance (191 and 178 mAh g−1 for 10 and 5 wt. % carbon at 0.1C) than the pristine lithium titanate and preserved the exceptional capacity retention over a thousand cycles at 1C rate.
Flexible high-output hydrovoltaic devices modified with AgInZnS nanoparticles for humidity sensing
Authors: Liu Libo , Huang Yanyi , Chang Qijie , Liu Huanbin , Gou Qianzhi , Tang Xiaosheng , Li Meng , Qiu Jing
Published: March 2023

The rapid development of wireless sensor networks has led to the increasing demand for continuous energy with power consumption, which brings much attention to various energy conversion devices. Here, we demonstrate a hydrovoltaic device based on non-woven flexible substrates that significantly improved their output performance by introducing AgInZnS nanoparticles. The device has excellent electrical output performance (a drop of water can produce a voltage of approximately 0.75 V and a current of 4.2 μA for more than 12 min) and humidity sensing capability. Benefiting from the ultra-high zeta potential of the AgInZnS nanoparticles and the excellent flexibility of the non-woven substrate, the device still has a steady-state output capacity of 0.6 V at a bending angle of 60°. When the external ambient humidity changes, the device has a fast response speed of 2.4 s and can achieve skin proximity sensing and respiration monitoring. The device demonstrates the improvement in output performance with the introduction of quantum dots of hydrovoltaic nanogenerators and its potential for humidity sensing.
Infrared-driven pyroelectric effect in magnetoelectric sensor for suspended on-chip magnetic nanoparticles quantification
Authors: Pathak Pankaj , Yadav Vinit Kumar , Das Samaresh , Mallick Dhiman
Published: March 2023

Precise and real-time quantification of suspended magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is essential for augmenting the efficacy of the present MNP-based lab-on-a-chip systems. Existing MNP quantification techniques use bulky external electromagnets, which make such techniques expensive, energy-inefficient, and result in significant side effects on the surrounding healthy tissues. Here, we report on the development of an infrared-driven, Ni/lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN–PT) magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructure-based sensor that enables rapid assessment of the suspended MNPs in a fluidic environment without using an external magnetic field. The injected MNPs are captured by the generated magnetic field gradient of the Ni thin film. Subsequently, the optothermal-pyroelectric property of the underlying PMN–PT layer is utilized to quantitatively assess the MNPs' concentration. Under the incident infrared pulse at zero bias voltage, the device shows different transient photocurrent responses against varied MNP concentrations with a sensitivity of 0.29 nA mg−1 ml and a response time of less than 2 s. Such a ME device can improve the efficacy of current ME-based lab-on-a-chip systems, where a single device can capture, manipulate, as well as quantitatively assess the MNPs efficiently for critical biomedical applications such as drug delivery, drug regulation, and hyperthermia.
Monitoring the viable grapevine microbiome to enhance the quality of wild wines
Authors: Welsh Brady L. , Eisenhofer Raphael , Bastian Susan E. P. , Kidd Stephen P.
Published: March 2023

Grapevines that are used for winemaking host a diverse range of microorganisms that make up their microbiome. The microbes that inhabit the grapevine have been used by winemakers to produce wine for centuries, although modern wine producers often rely on inoculated microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the Australian wine industry, there is a movement towards returning to the utilisation of the microbiome for wine fermentation. With the recent increase in the understanding of the role of the grapevine microbiome in grapevine health, fermentation and subsequent wine sensory traits, the microbial world offers a new level of complexity that can be harnessed for winemaking. In order to develop and maintain a desired vineyard micro-biodiversity, extensive microbial monitoring is required. Here we discuss the utilisation of a viability selection dye in order to distinguish between microorganisms that are live and associated with the host, and relic signals generated from non-living sources.
Spread of networked populations is determined by the interplay between dispersal behavior and habitat configuration
Authors: Rayfield Bronwyn , Baines Celina B. , Gilarranz Luis J. , Gonzalez Andrew
Published: March 2023

Predicting the spread of populations across fragmented habitats is vital if we are to manage their persistence in the long term. We applied network theory with a model and an experiment to show that spread rate is jointly defined by the configuration of habitat networks (i.e., the arrangement and length of connections between habitat fragments) and the movement behavior of individuals. We found that population spread rate in the model was well predicted by algebraic connectivity of the habitat network. A multigeneration experiment with the microarthropodFolsomia candidavalidated this model prediction. The realized habitat connectivity and spread rate were determined by the interaction between dispersal behavior and habitat configuration, such that the network configurations that facilitated the fastest spread changed depending on the shape of the species’ dispersal kernel. Predicting the spread rate of populations in fragmented landscapes requires combining knowledge of species-specific dispersal kernels and the spatial configuration of habitat networks. This information can be used to design landscapes to manage the spread and persistence of species in fragmented habitats.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of protein origami based on self-assembly of a brick and staple artificial protein pair
Authors: Moreaud Laureen , Viollet Sébastien , Urvoas Agathe , Valerio-Lepiniec Marie , Mesneau Agnès , Li de la Sierra-Gallay Inès , Miller Jessalyn , Ouldali Malika , Marcelot Cécile , Balor Stéphanie , Soldan Vanessa , Meriadec Cristelle , Artzner Franck , Dujardin Erik , Minard Philippe
Published: March 2023

A versatile strategy to create an inducible protein assembly with predefined geometry is demonstrated. The assembly is triggered by a binding protein that staples two identical protein bricks together in a predictable spatial conformation. The brick and staple proteins are designed for mutual directional affinity and engineered by directed evolution from a synthetic modular repeat protein library. As a proof of concept, this article reports on the spontaneous, extremely fast and quantitative self-assembly of two designed alpha-repeat (αRep) brick and staple proteins into macroscopic tubular superhelices at room temperature. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM with staining agent and cryoTEM) elucidate the resulting superhelical arrangement that precisely matches the a priori intended 3D assembly. The highly ordered, macroscopic biomolecular construction sustains temperatures as high as 75 °C thanks to the robust αRep building blocks. Since the α-helices of the brick and staple proteins are highly programmable, their design allows encoding the geometry and chemical surfaces of the final supramolecular protein architecture. This work opens routes toward the design and fabrication of multiscale protein origami with arbitrarily programmed shapes and chemical functions.
Structures of brain-derived 42-residue amyloid-β fibril polymorphs with unusual molecular conformations and intermolecular interactions
Authors: Lee Myungwoon , Yau Wai-Ming , Louis John M. , Tycko Robert
Published: March 2023

Fibrils formed by the 42-residue amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42), a main component of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), are known to be polymorphic, i.e., to contain multiple possible molecular structures. Previous studies of Aβ42 fibrils, including fibrils prepared entirely in vitro or extracted from brain tissue and using solid-state NMR (ssNMR) or cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) methods, have found polymorphs with differences in amino acid sidechain orientations, lengths of structurally ordered segments, and contacts between cross-β subunit pairs within a single filament. Despite these differences, Aβ42 molecules adopt a common S-shaped conformation in all previously described high-resolution Aβ42 fibril structures. Here we report two cryo-EM-based structures of Aβ42 fibrils that are qualitatively different, in samples derived from AD brain tissue by seeded growth. In type A fibrils, residues 12 to 42 adopt a ν-shaped conformation, with both intra-subunit and intersubunit hydrophobic contacts to form a compact core. In type B fibrils, residues 2 to 42 adopt an υ-shaped conformation, with only intersubunit contacts and internal pores. Type A and type B fibrils have opposite helical handedness. Cryo-EM density maps and molecular dynamics simulations indicate intersubunit K16-A42 salt bridges in type B fibrils and partially occupied K28-A42 salt bridges in type A fibrils. The coexistence of two predominant polymorphs, with differences in N-terminal dynamics, is supported by ssNMR data, as is faithful propagation of structures from first-generation to second-generation brain-seeded Aβ42 fibril samples. These results demonstrate that Aβ42 fibrils can exhibit a greater range of structural variations than seen in previous studies.
Dominance of felsic continental crust on Earth after 3 billion years ago is recorded by vanadium isotopes
Authors: Tian Shengyu , Ding Xin , Qi Yuhan , Wu Fei , Cai Yue , Gaschnig Richard M. , Xiao Zicong , Lv Weixin , Rudnick Roberta L. , Huang Fang
Published: March 2023

The transition from mafic to felsic upper continental crust (UCC) is crucial to habitability of Earth, and may be related to the onset of plate tectonics. Thus, defining when this crustal transition occurred has great significance for the evolution of Earth and its inhabitants. We demonstrate that V isotope ratios (reported as δ
51
V) provide insights into this transition because they correlate positively with SiO
2
and negatively with MgO contents during igneous differentiation in both subduction zones and intraplate settings. Because δ
51
V is not affected by chemical weathering and fluid–rock interactions, δ
51
V of the fine-grained matrix of Archean to Paleozoic (3 to 0.3 Ga) glacial diamictite composites, which sample the UCC at the time of glaciation, reflect the chemical composition of the UCC through time. The δ
51
V values of glacial diamictites systematically increase with time, indicating a dominantly mafic UCC at ~3 Ga; the UCC was dominated by felsic rocks only after 3 Ga, coinciding with widespread continental emergence and many independent estimates for the onset of plate tectonics.
Broader functions of TIR domains in Arabidopsis immunity
Authors: Jacob Pierre , Hige Junko , Song Lijiang , Bayless Adam , Russ Dor , Bonardi Vera , El Kasmi Farid , Wünsch Lisa , Yang Yu , Fitzpatrick Connor R. , McKinney Brock J. , Nishimura Marc T. , Grant Murray R. , Dangl Jeffery L.
Published: March 2023

TIR domains are NAD-degrading enzymes that function during immune signaling in prokaryotes, plants, and animals. In plants, most TIR domains are incorporated into intracellular immune receptors termed TNLs. In Arabidopsis, TIR-derived small molecules bind and activate EDS1 heterodimers, which in turn activate RNLs, a class of cation channel–forming immune receptors. RNL activation drives cytoplasmic Ca
2+
influx, transcriptional reprogramming, pathogen resistance, and host cell death. We screened for mutants that suppress an RNL activation mimic allele and identified a TNL, SADR1. Despite being required for the function of an autoactivated RNL, SADR1 is not required for defense signaling triggered by other tested TNLs. SADR1 is required for defense signaling initiated by some transmembrane pattern recognition receptors and contributes to the unbridled spread of cell death in
lesion simulating disease 1
. Together with RNLs, SADR1 regulates defense gene expression at infection site borders, likely in a non-cell autonomous manner. RNL mutants that cannot sustain this pattern of gene expression are unable to prevent disease spread beyond localized infection sites, suggesting that this pattern corresponds to a pathogen containment mechanism. SADR1 potentiates RNL-driven immune signaling not only through the activation of EDS1 but also partially independently of EDS1. We studied EDS1-independent TIR function using nicotinamide, an NADase inhibitor. Nicotinamide decreased defense induction from transmembrane pattern recognition receptors and decreased calcium influx, pathogen growth restriction, and host cell death following intracellular immune receptor activation. We demonstrate that TIR domains can potentiate calcium influx and defense and are thus broadly required for Arabidopsis immunity.
Studying microdiachronic change with the Catalan Sign Language corpus
Authors: Barberà Gemma , Quer Josep
Published: March 2023

The Catalan Sign Language (LSC) corpus of the Catalan Academy of Sciences and Humanities, which is under development, includes annotated data from three different age groups of signers, and allows for the study of microdiachronic change, namely language change across generations. In this chapter, we focus on the differences observed in the use of referential expressions in anaphoric chains, by comparing the three age groups of signers as a window into the mechanisms of grammatical change in the visual-spatial modality. Specifically, classifiers and role-shift constitute the most common referential expressions for anaphoric links in maintenance contexts for all age groups, while bare nouns are the most common in reintroduction contexts, especially in terms of the younger generation.
Relativistic elasticity II
*
Authors: Beig Robert
Published: March 2023

This paper is based on a series of talks given at the Erwin Schr\odinger International Institute for Mathematics and Physics (ESI) program on ‘Mathematical Perspectives of Gravitation Beyond the Vacuum Regime’ in February 2022. It is meant to be an introduction to the field of relativistic elasticity for readers with a good base in the mathematics of general relativity with no necessary previous of knowledge of elasticity either in the classical or relativistic domain. Despite its introductory purpose, the present work has new material, in particular related to the formal structure of the theory.
Imaging in lossy media
Authors: Kim Arnold , Tsogka Chrysoula
Published: March 2023

We study the effects of absorption in the medium on synthetic aperture imaging. We model absorption using the loss tangent, which is the imaginary part of the relative dielectric permittivity, and study two cases: (i) the loss tangent is known and (ii) the loss tangent is unknown. When the loss tangent is known and used in Kirchhoff migration (KM), we find that images of targets are range-shifted by approximately a central wavelength so that their predicted locations are closer to the synthetic aperture than they actually are. In contrast, we find that when the medium is unknown, the KM image does not exhibit this range-shift. Hence, we determine that it is better to not make use of any knowledge of the absorption when imaging. Using a recently developed transformation of KM images, which we call reciprocal-KM (rKM), we achieve tunably high-resolution images of targets through adjusting the value of a user-defined parameter ε. When rKM is applied to an imaging region containing two targets, we find that their predicted locations shift, especially in range, but within a fraction of central wavelength of their true locations.
Wide temperature operation of piezoelectric sensors for detecting precursor levels in a canister
Authors: Yeo Jungin , Jeon Sangjun
Published: March 2023

Liquid level detection using piezoelectric actuators and sensors is superior to other technologies in accuracy, stability, and durability. In the semiconducting industry, the accurate detection of precursor levels in a canister is directly connected to the quality of the atomic layer growth through chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition processes. However, the sensitivity of the level detection using piezoelectric devices often decreases at a specific temperature range, limiting the wide temperature operation of the canister. We demonstrate reduced sensitivity of the piezoelectric sensors due to a change in detuning frequency by temperature. A model with a simple harmonic oscillator exhibits the fundamental behavior of the actuator amplitude after a finite number of driving pulses. The impedance measurement of a sensor assembly demonstrated a significant shift in the primary resonance frequency due to a change in environmental temperature. By analyzing the simulation data, we established a temperature-dependent number of driving pulses that could extend the operating temperature of the piezoelectric actuators, which can easily be applied to a wide temperature operation for a canister.
A multi-stream multi-scale lightweight SwinMLP network with an adaptive channel-spatial soft threshold for online fault diagnosis of power transformers
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , He Yigang
Published: March 2023

Fault diagnosis of power equipment is extremely crucial to the stability of power grid systems. However, complex operating environments, high costs and limitations of single-modal signals are the biggest bottlenecks. To this end,a multi-tream, multi-scale lightweight Swin multilayer perceptron (MLP) network (MLSNet) with an adaptive channel-spatial soft threshold is proposed in this paper. First, a Res2net-based feature-enhanced method is used to learn the correlated features of vibration and voltage multi-modal signals. Second, a novel MLSNet is designed to combine the benefits of Swin transformers with an MLP with a lightweight convolutional neural network and employs a staged model to extract various scale features. Third, an adaptive deep fusion approach employing a channel-spatial soft threshold module is used to integrate and recalibrate staged information at different scales. The overall accuracy of the proposed method can reach 98.73% in various experiments, potentially making it an effective method for online fault diagnosis of power transformers.
Validation of HDR brachytherapy doses in the treatment of keloid scars using the egs_brachy Monte Carlo application
Authors: Saikkonen Aleksi , Ojala Jarkko , Sipilä Petri , Boman Eeva , Keyriläinen Jani
Published: March 2023

Objective. Radiotherapy is a well-known alternative in the treatment of keloid scars to reduce the recurrence of scars. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of dose delivered from a high-dose-rate (HDR) afterloaders in keloid scar brachytherapy using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and measurements. Approach. Treatment doses and central axis dose profiles were measured using radiophotoluminescence dosimeters and radiochromic films, respectively, with two HDR afterloaders, both using an Ir-192 source, in a phantom made of solid water and polycarbonate sheets. The nominal treatment dose calculated by the AAPM Task Group No. 43 (TG-43) dose model was set to 8.5 Gy at a distance of 0.5 cm laterally from the middle of the source line located in a plastic applicator simulating a 15 cm long surgically removed scar treatment with 30 equally spaced (0.5 cm) source positions. The dose profiles were measured at three different distances from the applicator and the absolute doses at four points at different distances. MC simulations were performed using the egs_brachy, which is based on EGSnrc code system. Main results. The measured and simulated dose profiles match well, especially at 10.0 mm (difference <1%) and 15.0 mm depths (difference <4%), and with a small dose difference at 5.0 mm depth (difference <4%). Point dose measurements agreed well in the dose maximum area (difference <7%) with the simulated dose profiles, although the largest difference near the edge of the profile was <30%. The dose differences between the TG-43 dose model and the MC simulation were small (differences <4%). Significance. Simulated and measured dose levels at a depth of 0.5 cm showed that the nominal treatment dose can be achieved with the utilized setup. The measurement results of the absolute dose agree well with the corresponding simulation results.