bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis, Ore Mineralogy, and Fluid Inclusion Studies of the Tagu Sn–W Deposit, Myeik, Southern Myanmar
Authors: Htun Kyaw Thu , Yonezu Kotaro , Myint Aung Zaw , Tindell Thomas , Watanabe Koichiro
Published: October 2019

Most of the granite-related Sn–W deposits in Myanmar are located in the Western Granitoid Province (WGP) of Southeast Asia. The Tagu deposit in the southern part of the WGP is a granite related Sn–W deposit. The biotite granite is composed of quartz, feldspars (plagioclase, orthoclase, and microcline), and micas (muscovite and biotite) and belongs to S-type peraluminous granite. Abundances of large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs), such as Rb, K, and Pb, coupled with the deficiency of high-field-strength elements (HFSEs), such as Nb, P, and Ti, indicate that the parental magma for the Tagu granite was derived from the lower continental crust at syn-collisional setting. Mineralized veins consist of early-formed oxide ore minerals, such as cassiterite and wolframite, which were followed by the formation of sulfide minerals. Three main types of fluid inclusions were distinguished from the mineralized quartz veins hosted by granite and metasedimentary rocks: Type-A—two phases, liquid (L) + vapor (V) aqueous inclusions; Type-B—two phases, vapor (V) + liquid (L) vapor-rich inclusions; And type-C—three phases, liquid + CO2-liquid + CO2-vapor inclusions. Quartz in the veins hosted in granite corresponding with earlier deposition contains type-A, type-B, and type-C fluid inclusions, whereas that in the veins hosted in metasedimentary rocks corresponding with later deposition contains only type-A fluid inclusions. The homogenization temperatures of type-A inclusions range from 140 °C to 330 °C (mode at 230 °C), with corresponding salinities from 1.1 wt.% to 8.9 wt.% NaCl equivalent for quartz veins hosted in metasedimentary rocks, and from 230 °C to 370 °C (mode at 280 °C), with corresponding salinities from 2.9 wt.% to 10.6 wt.% NaCl equivalents for quartz veins hosted in granite. The homogenization temperatures of type-B vapor-rich inclusions in quartz veins in granite range from 310 °C to 390 °C (mode at 350 °C), with corresponding salinities from 6.7 wt.% to 12.2 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The homogenization temperatures of type-C H2O–CO2–NaCl inclusions vary from 270 °C to 405 °C (mode at 330 °C), with corresponding salinities from 1.8 wt.% to 5.6 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The original ascending ore fluid was probably CO2-bearing fluid which evolved into two phase fluid by immiscibility due to pressure drop in the mineralization channels. Furthermore, the temperature and salinities of two-phase aqueous fluids were later most likely decreased by the mixing with meteoric water. The salinities of the type-B vapor-rich inclusions are higher than those of the type-C CO2-rich inclusions, which may have resulted from CO2 separation from the fluids. The escape of gases can lead to an increase in the salinity of the residual fluids. Therefore, the main ore-forming mechanisms of the Tagu Sn–W deposit are characterized by fluid immiscibility during an early stage, and fluid mixing with meteoric water in the late stage at a lower temperature.
Variation in Responses of Photosynthesis and Apparent Rubisco Kinetics to Temperature in Three Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Bunce James
Published: October 2019

Recent in vivo assays of the responses of Rubisco to temperature in C3 plants have revealed substantial diversity. Three cultivars of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), Holt, Fiskeby V, and Spencer, were grown in indoor chambers at 15, 20, and 25 °C. Leaf photosynthesis was measured over the range of 15 to 30 °C, deliberately avoiding higher temperatures which may cause deactivation of Rubisco, in order to test for differences in temperature responses of photosynthesis, and to investigate in vivo Rubisco kinetic characteristics responsible for any differences observed. The three cultivars differed in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis (from 15 to 30 °C) at 400 μmol mol−1 external CO2 concentration when grown at 15 °C, and in the shapes of the response curves when grown at 25 °C. The apparent activation energy of the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco differed substantially between cultivars at all growth temperatures, as well as changing with growth temperature in two of the cultivars. The activation energy ranged from 58 to 84 kJ mol−1, compared with the value of 64 kJ mol−1 used in many photosynthesis models. Much less variation in temperature responses occurred in photosynthesis measured at nearly saturating CO2 levels, suggesting more diversity in Rubisco than in electron transport thermal properties among these soybean cultivars.
Isolation and Characterization of Avirulent and Virulent Strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens from Rose Crown Gall in Selected Regions of South Korea
Authors: Chandrasekaran Murugesan , Lee Jong Moon , Ye Bee-Moon , Jung So Mang , Kim Jinwoo , Kim Jin-Won , Chun Se Chul
Published: October 2019

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen that causes crown gall disease in various hosts across kingdoms. In the present study, five regions (Wonju, Jincheon, Taean, Suncheon, and Kimhae) of South Korea were chosen to isolate A. tumefaciens strains on roses and assess their opine metabolism (agrocinopine, nopaline, and octopine) genes based on PCR amplification. These isolated strains were confirmed as Agrobacterium using morphological, biochemical, and 16S rDNA analyses; and pathogenicity tests, including the growth characteristics of the white colony appearance on ammonium sulfate glucose minimal media, enzyme activities, 16S rDNA sequence alignment, and pathogenicity on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Carbon utilization, biofilm formation, tumorigenicity, and motility assays were performed to demarcate opine metabolism genes. Of 87 isolates, 18 pathogenic isolates were affirmative for having opine plasmid genes. Most of these isolates showed the presence of an agrocinopine type of carbon utilization. Two isolates showed nopaline types. However, none of these isolates showed octopine metabolic genes. The objectives of the present study were to isolate and confirm virulent strains from rose crown galls grown in the different regions of Korea and characterize their physiology and opine types. This is the first report to describe the absence of the octopine type inciting the crown gall disease of rose in South Korea.
The Cult in Shiloh during the Roman-Byzantine Period
Authors: Schwartz Amichay , Ofir Shemesh Abraham
Published: October 2019

This article reviews the historical sources and archeological finds concerning the cult in Shiloh in the Roman-Byzantine period. The study examines the transition to the Byzantine period and attempts to follow the conversion to Christianity in the region, with regard to both the holy site and the populace. Furthermore, the study explores the reasons for Shiloh’s sacred status as perceived by the Christians, who brought about the establishment of four churches on the site. An interesting development is the shift from identifying Shiloh’s location at Shiloh with Nabi Samwil in the Crusader period. A main point that emerges is the formation of a holy place. In the Early Roman period, Shiloh appears to have been recognized by the Jews, albeit with no evidence of any religious rituals, while in the Byzantine period, the place was recognized as a sacred place of worship with clear official backing, perhaps versus the Samaritans. Moreover, Shiloh was part of an overall process whereby Christian sites located in Samaria and mentioned mainly in the Old Testament were sanctified in order to influence the Christian image of this area.
Religious Others in (Christian) Seminaries: Three Approaches and Conundrums
Authors: Lee Joung Chul
Published: October 2019

The number of students from other religious traditions is increasing in Christian seminaries in the United States. However, seminaries have different motivations, visions, and rationales that determine whether and how they accept these students. The purpose of this article is to examine how seminaries approach this matter and what issues follow. The author suggests that the revised framework of Van der Ven and Ziebertz’s models of religious education (the monoreligious, multireligious, and interreligious models) can be particularly helpful in theorizing the current context of seminaries that are becoming multireligious. This article then explores the challenges that each model encounters and finds that those challenges, or conundrums, are closely related to the tensions between values such as openness, educational justice, and institutional identity.
Aggregation of Incidence and Intensity Risk Variables to Achieve Reconciliation
Authors: Hunt Clive , Taplin Ross
Published: October 2019

The aggregation of individual risks into total risk using a weighting variable multiplied by two ratio variables representing incidence and intensity is an important task for risk professionals. For example, expected loss (EL) of a loan is the product of exposure at default (EAD), probability of default (PD), and loss given default (LGD) of the loan. Simple weighted (by EAD) means of PD and LGD are intuitive summaries however they do not satisfy a reconciliation property whereby their product with the total EAD equals the sum of the individual expected losses. This makes their interpretation problematic, especially when trying to ascertain whether changes in EAD, PD, or LGD are responsible for a change in EL. We propose means for PD and LGD that have the property of reconciling at the aggregate level. Properties of the new means are explored, including how changes in EL can be attributed to changes in EAD, PD, and LGD. Other applications such as insurance where the incidence ratio is utilization rate (UR) and the intensity ratio is an average benefit (AB) are discussed and the generalization to products of more than two ratio variables provided.
Estimating Weight of Unknown Objects Using Active Thermography
Authors: Aujeszky Tamas , Korres Georgios , Eid Mohamad , Khorrami Farshad
Published: October 2019

Successful manipulation of unknown objects requires an understanding of their physical properties. Infrared thermography has the potential to provide real-time, contactless material characterization for unknown objects. In this paper, we propose an approach that utilizes active thermography and custom multi-channel neural networks to perform classification between samples and regression towards the density property. With the help of an off-the-shelf technology to estimate the volume of the object, the proposed approach is capable of estimating the weight of the unknown object. We show the efficacy of the infrared thermography approach to a set of ten commonly used materials to achieve a 99.1% R 2 -fit for predicted versus actual density values. The system can be used with tele-operated or autonomous robots to optimize grasping techniques for unknown objects without touching them.
Monitoring Water-Soil Dynamics and Tree Survival Using Soil Sensors under a Big Data Approach
Authors: Pascual Adrián , Rivera Rafael , Gómez Rodrigo , Domínguez-Lerena Susana
Published: October 2019

The high importance of green urban planning to ensure access to green areas requires modern and multi-source decision-support tools. The integration of remote sensing data and sensor developments can contribute to the improvement of decision-making in urban forestry. This study proposes a novel big data-based methodology that combines real-time information from soil sensors and climate data to monitor the establishment of a new urban forest in semi-arid conditions. Water-soil dynamics and their implication in tree survival were analyzed considering the application of different treatment restoration techniques oriented to facilitate the recovery of tree and shrub vegetation in the degraded area. The synchronized data-capturing scheme made it possible to evaluate hourly, daily, and seasonal changes in soil-water dynamics. The spatial variation of soil-water dynamics was captured by the sensors and it highly contributed to the explanation of the observed ground measurements on tree survival. The methodology showed how the efficiency of treatments varied depending on species selection and across the experimental design. The use of retainers for improving soil moisture content and adjusting tree-watering needs was, on average, the most successful restoration technique. The results and the applied calibration of the sensor technology highlighted the random behavior of water-soil dynamics despite the small-scale scope of the experiment. The results showed the potential of this methodology to assess watering needs and adjust watering resources to the vegetation status using real-time atmospheric and soil data.
Slope Stability Monitoring Using Novel Remote Sensing Based Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Moayedi Hossein , Tien Bui Dieu , Kok Foong Loke
Published: October 2019

By the assist of remotely sensed data, this study examines the viability of slope stability monitoring using two novel conventional models. The proposed models are considered to be the combination of neuro-fuzzy (NF) system along with invasive weed optimization (IWO) and elephant herding optimization (EHO) evolutionary techniques. Considering the conditioning factors of land use, lithology, soil type, rainfall, distance to the road, distance to the river, slope degree, elevation, slope aspect, profile curvature, plan curvature, stream power index (SPI), and topographic wetness index (TWI), it is aimed to achieve a reliable approximation of landslide occurrence likelihood for unseen environmental conditions. To this end, after training the proposed EHO-NF and IWO-NF ensembles using training landslide events, their generalization power is evaluated by receiving operating characteristic curves. The results demonstrated around 75% accuracy of prediction for both models; however, the IWO-NF achieved a better understanding of landslide distribution pattern. Due to the successful performance of the implemented models, they could be promising alternatives to mathematical and analytical approaches being used for discerning the relationship between the slope failure and environmental parameters.
Searching for a Place to Belong in a Time of Othering
Authors: Udah Hyacinth
Published: October 2019

Australia is a land of opportunity, where hard work can bring a better life. Most immigrants come to Australia to establish a new life and fulfil hopes and dreams for better life opportunities. Like many immigrants to Australia, I came to establish a new better life for myself and for family. In this paper, I share my challenges of being different, and of being black and the experiences of black Africans in Australia. The paper invites more conversations on finding ways forward to change the system that favours some and disadvantages others. It indicates the need to humanise the Other and make Australia a more inclusive and liveable multicultural environment.
Radionuclide Transfer in the Zirconium Oxychloride Production Process and the Radiation Effect in a Typical Chinese Enterprise
Authors: Xu Shoulong , Wu Qifan , Li Xiaogang , Yuan Feng , Tu Liangying
Published: October 2019

The radiation impact on the environment from naturally-occurring radioactive materials in zircon sand is an important issue for zirconium product manufacturing enterprises. In this paper, a typical oxychloride production enterprise has been taken as an example to study the radiation effect and environmental pollution during the whole production process. The transfer and enrichment of radionuclides in zircon sand was studied by analyzing their concentrations in samples, such as products and wastes, which were sampled from every studied workshop, so that the dose rate in the environment and typical facility surfaces of each workshop could be measured. The study results show that the transfer and enrichment of radionuclides occur mainly in workshops of acidification, dissolution, concentration and crystallization. Silicon slag adsorbed some radionuclides, but most of the radionuclides in raw materials are transferred and enriched in waste acid by the concentration and crystallization process. Sludge and wastewater still contain a large quantity of radionuclides after treatment by wastewater treatment plants. This results in a significant increase in U-238 and Th-232 concentrations in river water near the main outlet. The average effective dose of all employees in the studied enterprises was 0.94 mSv, and workers from the wastewater treatment plants had the largest annual effective dose at 11 mSv.
On the Constant-Roll Inflation with Large and Small ηH
Authors: Gao Qing , Gong Yungui , Yi Zhu
Published: October 2019

We study the apparent duality between large and small η H for the constant-roll inflation with the second slow-roll parameter η H being a constant. In the previous studies, only the constant-roll inflationary models with small η H are found to be consistent with the observations. The apparent duality suggests that the constant-roll inflationary models with large η H may be also consistent with the observations. We find that the duality between the constant-roll inflation with large and small η H does not exist, because both the background and scalar perturbation evolutions are very different. By fitting the constant-roll inflationary models to the observations, we get − 0.016 ≤ η H ≤ − 0.0078 at the 95% C.L if we take N = 60 for the models with increasing ϵ H , in which inflation ends when ϵ H = 1 . For the models with decreasing ϵ H , we obtain 3.0135 ≤ η H ≤ 3.021 at the 68% C.L. and 3.0115 ≤ η H ≤ 3.024 at the 95% C.L.
Genome-Wide Classification of Type I, Type II and Type III Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Chicken Fibroblasts
Authors: Santhakumar Diwakar , Rohaim Mohammed A. , Munir Muhammad
Published: October 2019

Interferons (IFNs) play central roles in establishing innate immunity and mediating adaptive immunity against multiple pathogens. Three known types of IFNs identify their cognate receptors, initiate cascades of signalling events and eventually result in the induction of a myriad of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs perform a multitude of functions and cumulatively corroborate a bespoke antiviral state to safeguard hosts against invading viruses. Owing to the unique nature of a chicken’s immune system and the lack of foundational profiling information on the nature and dynamic expression of IFN-specific ISGs at the genome scale, we performed a systematic and extensive analysis of type I, II and III IFN-induced genes in chicken. Employing pan-IFN responsive chicken fibroblasts coupled with transcriptomics, we observed an over-representation of up-regulated ISGs compared to down-regulated ISGs by all types of IFNs. Intriguingly, prediction of IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and gamma-IFN activation sequence (GAS) revealed a substantial number of GAS motifs in selective and significantly induced ISGs in chicken. Extensive comparative, genome-wide and differential expression analysis of ISGs under equivalent signalling input catalogue a set of genes that were either IFN-specific or independent of types of IFNs used to prime fibroblasts. These comprehensive datasets, first of their kinds in chicken, will establish foundations to elucidate the mechanisms of actions and breadth of antiviral action of ISGs, which may propose alternative avenues for targeted antiviral therapy against viruses of poultry of public health importance.
Mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) May Not Be Reservoir Hosts for Mycobacterium bovis in Fiji Despite High Population Density and Direct Contact with Cattle
Authors: Hayton Philip J. , Whittington Richard J. , Wakelin Colin , Colville Paul , Reid Aoife , Borja Leo , Toribio Jenny-Ann
Published: October 2019

The presence of a wildlife reservoir for Mycobacterium bovis complicates the eradication of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) from domestic cattle populations. For the BTB eradication program in Fiji, there is concern about the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus), which is overabundant and in direct contact with cattle. Consequently, a survey of mongooses trapped on three BTB affected dairy farms led to necropsy of 85 mongooses during January–February 2017. Thirty (35%) mongooses had gross pathological changes including possible granulomas detected at necropsy, and tissues from these animals were taken for histopathological examination. Granulomatous lesions were present in 53% of animals examined histopathologically but acid-fast bacilli were not observed and the majority of lesions in lung and kidney were associated with the nematodes Pulmostrongylus herpestis and Capillaria sp., respectively. Nevertheless, assuming test sensitivity of 35% for the current study, from this sample of 85 mongooses it can be concluded with 95% confidence that if present in the mongoose population susceptible to trapping, M. bovis prevalence was ≤10%. The prevalence of intercurrent lesions raised concerns about gross pathology as a screening test for M. bovis infection in mongooses in Fiji, and therefore pathogen detection methods such as bacterial culture and direct tissue PCR are recommended for future surveys. These are needed to completely rule out the mongoose as a reservoir host for M. bovis in Fiji.
Seroprevalences of Newly Discovered Porcine Pestiviruses in German Pig Farms
Authors: Michelitsch Anna , Dalmann Anja , Wernike Kerstin , Reimann Ilona , Beer Martin
Published: October 2019

Several novel porcine pestiviruses that are linked to disease outbreaks in commercial pig farms were discovered during recent years. Bungowannah pestivirus (BuPV; new species Pestivirus F) causes sudden death in young pigs, but has only ever been isolated in the Australian region Bungowannah. Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV; new species Pestivirus K) on the other hand has been found in multiple countries worldwide and is potentially linked to congenital tremor, a disease that causes considerable production problems in pig farms. To assess the seroprevalences of both viruses in German commercial farms during the years 2009/10 and 2018, two approaches were selected. Antibodies against Pestivirus F were detected by a traditional in-house indirect immunofluorescence test against the culture-grown virus isolate, while for the detection of Pestivirus K-specific antibodies, a newly developed test system utilizing a chimeric construct of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1; species Pestivirus A) containing the E1 and E2 encoding sequences of APPV was established. A total of 1115 samples originating from 122 farms located in seven German federal states were investigated. Antibodies against Bungowannah virus could not be detected, confirming the absence of this virus in other regions than the initially affected Australian pig farm complex. In contrast, antibodies against APPV were highly prevalent throughout Germany at both investigated time points. The seroprevalence at the state level fluctuated to some degree, but the overall percentage remained stable, as is to be expected for an endemic pestivirus lacking any form of control measures.
Actividad investigativa en el docente universitario
Authors: Montoya G. Wendy C.
Published: October 2019

La investigación es la actividad principal de la educación universitaria porque provee a la sociedad de un conocimiento nuevo. La presente investigación tuvo como propósito describir las actividades investigativas de los docentes de la Universidad Politécnica Territorial del Norte del Táchira Manuela Sáenz. Venezuela. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo con un diseño de campo, transeccional, contemporáneo unieventual. La población la conformaron 70 profesores de la institución estudiada. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta con un instrumento escala conformado por 24 ítems, una confiabilidad calculada por Alfa de Cronbach de ,820 lo cual indicó que el instrumento era altamente confiable. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva específicamente la medida de tendencia central mediana por cuanto los datos se midieron en un nivel ordinal. Las conclusiones indicaron que en la institución universitaria la actividad investigativa era regular por lo que se afirmó que los profesores, en su mayoría, no estaban involucrado con la investigación-publicación, tampoco con la docencia-asesoría ni con coordinación –evaluación. En tal sentido, no había motivación en el desarrollo de nuevos conocimientos.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF GUT DECOMPRESSION METHODS IN OPERATIONS ON TOXIC WIDESPREAD PERITONITIS
Authors: Midlenko V.I. , Belonogov N.I. , Midlenko O.V. , Charyshkin A.L.
Published: October 2019

The aim of the paper is to conduct a comparative assessment of bowel decompression methods in operations on toxic widespread peritonitis.
Materials and Methods. The authors examined 162 patients with widespread peritonitis of various etiologies. Using generally accepted methods, they compared treatment results using one of the three methods of intestinal decompression: cecostomy, nasointestinal intubation, and cecostomy with intubation of the small intestine.
Results. It was detected that in case of small intestine intubation through the cecostomy (in comparison with other methods), intra-abdominal pressure returned to normal on the 2nd day, and in case of cecostomy or nasointestinal intubation – on the 5th and 7th day, respectively. Also, decrease in intoxication indicators was observed 2 days earlier than usual.
Conclusion. Intubation of the small intestine through the cecostoma provides the most adequate intestinal decompression in patients with advanced toxic peritonitis. Early normalization of intra-abdominal pressure in patients with advanced toxic peritonitis improves treatment outcomes.
Keywords: widespread peritonitis, intestinal decompression.
Цель – сравнительная оценка способов декомпрессии кишечника при операциях по поводу распространённого перитонита в токсической стадии.
Материалы и методы. Наблюдали 162 пациента с распространённым перитонитом различной этиологии. С использованием общепринятых методик сравнивались результаты лечения при применении одного из трёх способов декомпрессии кишечника: цекостомии, назоинтестинальной интубации и наложения цекостомы с интубацией тонкой кишки.
Результаты. Установлено, что при использовании интубации тонкого кишечника через цекостому, в сравнении с другими применявшимися нами способами, внутрибрюшное давление нормализовалось на второй день, а при использовании цекостомии или назоинтестинальной интубации – на 5-й и 7-й дни соответственно. Также на 2 сут раньше происходило снижение показателей интоксикации.
Выводы. Наиболее адекватную декомпрессию кишечника у пациентов с распространённым перитонитом в токсической стадии обеспечивает интубация тонкого кишечника через цекостому. Ранняя нормализация внутрибрюшного давления у пациентов с распространённым перитонитом в токсической стадии позволяет улучшить результаты лечения.
Ключевые слова: распространённый перитонит, декомпрессия кишечника.
Homicide et peine capitale en Chine à la fin de l'empire : Analyse statistique préliminaire des données
Authors: Lee James Z.
Published: October 2019

Cet article tente un traitement statistique d'une sélection de documents judiciaires conservés aux Archives historiques n° 1 à Pékin et disponibles en microfilm aux USA. Après avoir rappelé le mécanisme de la procédure de révision couronnée chaque année par les assises d'automne, l'auteur en examine les variations spatiales et temporelles révélées par la documentation. Il s'attache ensuite à mesurer, au milieu du XVIIIe siècle notamment, l'impact apparemment considérable des différences de sexe et de position au sein de la structure familiale sur la nature et la répartition des crimes capitaux examinés aux assises.
Aspects théoriques de l'historiographie chinoise des années 1980
Authors: Herrmann Hans-Günther
Published: October 2019

Partant de la «crise de l'historiographie» (shixue weiji) et des débats méthodologiques, cet article fait l'analyse de la théorie de l'histoire en Chine populaire pendant les années 1980. Deux controverses servent de fils conducteurs : celle sur la périodisation, et celle sur les «forces historiques». En dépit du déclin du marxisme, les historiens chinois continuent de mêler connaissance historique, philosophie et politique dans leur conception de la discipline. La transition se traduit plutôt par la recherche d'un élargissement du champ historique et d'une référence à la société. Les options politiques oscillent entre le déterminisme et le volontarisme, en quoi le débat apparaît typique de la crise intellectuelle des années 1980.
Les outils agricoles dans la Chine du XIVe siècle d'après le Nongshu de Wang Zhen
Authors: Guyonvarch Olivier
Published: October 2019

Olivier Guyonvarch : Agricultural Tools in Fourteenth-Century China in the Light of Wang Zhen 's Nongshu.

This paper is a partial and annotated translation of the chapters (juan ) describing agricultural tools in the Agricultural Treatise of Wang Zhen. This study is not philological or litterary, but resolutely technical. The author is dealing with agronomical relevance of the text, compared with present knowledge. The tools that axe chosen are the most representative and of the most interest for non-specialist readers : the plow for plowing ; hoes, harrows, and rolls to prepare the seed-bed ; the drill ; small hoes and rakes for weeding ; knifes, scythes, and cradle-scythes for harvesting. Readers have thus an access to the technical environment of the Chinese peasant In other respect, the text presents clearly the specialization of the tools and die way of using them, according as they are used in dry farming or in irrigated paddy-fields.
North China Rural Families. Changes during the Communist Era
Authors: Cohen Myron L.
Published: October 2019

This paper describes and analyses the Chinese family in Yangmansa, a north China village, with respect to changes and continuities from before the onset of Communist rule through to the time of fieldwork in 1986-1987. After the Communist victory there was a rapid transition from arranged blind marriage to the requirement that the couple first approve of their match, but overwhelmingly marriages continued to be arranged throughout the collective era and since decollectivization in 1982. During the collective era there was a major transformation in marriage from dowry to brideprice, and then a return to dowry with decollectivization. The traditional corporate family or jia survived in weakened form during the collective era, when workpoints replaced land as the major family asset, and when there took hold a new pattern of danguo or economic and residential independence prior to formal family division or fenjia. With decollectivization, family arrangements remained as before, except in a few cases where integrated joint families have once again appeared, based upon the diversification now possible in the era of economic reform.
Droit de propriété et réforme du secteur d'État
Authors: Pairault Thierry
Published: October 2019

La question des droits patrimoniaux relatifs à la propriété et du droit de propriété en Chine dans le contexte de la réforme du secteur d'État est l'objet de cette étude. Afin d'assumer l'héritage du système d'appropriation, les dirigeants chinois ont été régulièrement confrontés à la nécessité de clarifier ces droits patrimoniaux. Une telle clarification est particulièrement cruciale pour les entreprises d'État dont le statut est étroitement lié à la légitimité d'un «socialisme à la chinoise ». Aux termes de la Constitution, «l'État maintient la propriété publique comme élément principal dans un système économique où plusieurs modes d'appropriation se développent ensemble ». Une telle diversité d'intérêts divergents suppose une mutation des droits patrimoniaux et des obligations du secteur d'État. La restructuration des entreprises d'État doit-elle être interprétée comme leur privatisation ? Dans quelle mesure la clarification des droits patrimoniaux conduit-elle inévitablement à une redistribution du droit de propriété ?
L'introspection Han à Formose. L'affaire des manuels scolaires « Connaître Taiwan » (1994-1997)
Authors: Corcuff Stéphane
Published: October 2019

Durant des décennies, les manuels scolaires à Taiwan ont été un instrument de socialisation politique au service d'un gouvernement désireux de sauvegarder chez les Taiwanais le désir de réunification avec la Chine. La démocratisation politique et la maturation identitaire de Taiwan ont permis le lancement en 1994 d'une vaste réforme de l'éducation nationale, se concentrant rapidement sur la réforme des manuels scolaires. Les concepteurs du programme «Connaître Taiwan » à destination des collèges ont voulu expurger l'idéologie des manuels, présenter la pluralité ethnique et la richesse des expériences historiques de Taiwan, réévaluer la période coloniale japonaise et favoriser l'émergence d'une configuration plurielle d'identification nationale. La réaction des conservateurs a été intense, mais brève et isolée. La défense du nouveau programme par quelques intellectuels progressistes de l'île a favorisé le mouvement d'introspection ethnique à Taiwan, postulant implicitement une distinction entre «race » et «gouvernance ». La réforme a été une étape fondamentale dans la construction d'une nation taiwanaise par l'enseignement aux collégiens de l'existence d'une communauté taiwanaise de destin, avant que ces derniers ne suivent des cours sur la Chine, dont le statut historiographique passe de celui de nation englobant Taiwan à celui de matrice culturelle désormais extérieure à l'île.
Logique du discours et logique combinatoire
Authors: Gernet Jacques
Published: October 2019

Cet essai porte, non pas sur la question, à juste titre très controversée, des rapports entre la langue et la pensée, mais sur celle des outils opératoires de la réflexion philosophique. Un texte d'Ernest Renan suivi de remarques d'Émile Benvéniste et d'Émile Durkheim montrent comment des distinctions formelles dont on ne trouve pas l'équivalent en Chine ont pu orienter chez nous cette réflexion au cours de l'histoire. Par opposition à une logique discursive de la non-contradiction, on peut s'interroger sur le caractère combinatoire de la logique chinoise : pour l'essentiel, la Chine est restée attachée à une interprétation du monde au moyen de signes graphiques et de leur mise en relation dans l'espace et dans le temps. Comme on le constate assez tôt en Chine, ce sont des opposés complémentaires qui ont été les véritables outils de la réflexion philosophique.
Fonctionnalité calendaire dans les cosmogonies anciennes de la Chine
Authors: Kalinowski Marc
Published: October 2019

L'article traite de la place occupée par les représentations calendaires dans la cosmo¬ gonie chinoise à partir d'une analyse comparée de trois récits de fondation du monde consignés dans les textes anciens. Les deux premiers -le célèbre Almanach de Chu (Chu boshu et le Dayi shengshui � -proviennent de fouilles archéo¬

logiques récentes et peuvent être datés de la fin du IVe siècle avant notre ère. Le troi¬ sième -la Règle de Yao (Yaodian HJ&) -constitue le chapitre d'ouverture du Livre des documents dont les dernières mises en forme sont pratiquement contemporaines des deux autres. On verra que le point commun à ces trois textes est de se construire autour d'un même schéma narratif et d'accorder au calendrier et au cycle des saisons un rôle déterminant dans la description du processus d'épanouissement du monde. C'est précisément la fonctionnalité calendaire propre à ces formes les plus anciennes du récit cosmogonique en Chine qui les distingue des récits du même ordre rapportés dans les textes des périodes ultérieures.
Le Bencao gangmu de Li Shizhen et l’histoire naturelle au Japon durant la période d’Edo (1600-1868)
Authors: Métailié Georges
Published: October 2019

La grande pharmacopée chinoise Bencao gangmu (1596) de Li Shizhen fut introduite au Japon quelques années après sa parution en Chine, suscitant un grand intérêt de la part des médecins. Cette introduction entraîna deux types de démarches. D’une part, la publication d’éditions du texte chinois original accompagné de signes de lecture à la japonaise et, d’autre part des recherches consacrées spécifiquement à l’identification correcte en japonais des produits de la matière médicale chinoise. Cette seconde approche s’effectua souvent dans le cadre d’inventaires des ressources naturelles ordonnés par les seigneurs locaux. Elle conduisit également à s’intéresser au delà des noms au côté purement naturaliste des produits médicinaux. Finalement elle aboutit à une prise en considération des produits minéraux, végétaux et animaux du Japon par rapport à ce qui était considéré par les savants japonais comme une référence incontournable : les savoirs chinois, auxquels s’ajoutèrent les connaissances venues d’Occident. Ce processus est illustré par les cas de trois acteurs importants Kaibara Ekiken, Ino Jakusui et Ono Ranzan.
Controverse autour d’un poème de Mao Zedong « Neige, sur l’air de “Printemps au jardin de Qin” »
Authors: Wang Céline
Published: October 2019

«Neige » , composé en février 1936, est probablement le poème le plus célèbre de Mao Zedong. C’est également le poème qui a provoqué le plus de controverses tant sur le plan de son style que sur celui de son contenu. Ce poème révèle l’enthousiasme de Mao pour l’avenir et sa détermination à prendre en main le destin du pays. Publié en 1945 à Chongqing, il fit sensation dans la capitale, ainsi que dans tout le pays. Une campagne contre le despotisme impérial et le féodalisme autour de «Neige » de Mao Zedong fut lancée dans la presse. Ces critiques provoquèrent aussitôt une contre-attaque des intellectuels de gauche occupant le devant de la scène culturelle et politique. Cette polémique, étroitement liée aux circonstances de l’époque, dépasse de loin le cadre littéraire. Elle touche aux rapports entre le pouvoir et les lettres, et illustre la tactique de Mao pour gagner les intellectuels à sa cause. Elle prélude à la guerre civile entre nationalistes et communistes.
SİNGAPUR KONVANSİYONU: ARABULUCULUK ANLAŞMALARININ NEW YORK KONVANSİYONU
Authors: ENER Mustafa Alper
Published: October 2019

Arabuluculuk, uyuşmazlığın

taraflarının talebiyle çözüm süreci ve sonuç üzerinde kontrolün taraflarda

olduğu, tarafsız ve bağımsız üçüncü kişinin veya kişilerin yardımıyla uyuşmazlığın

çözülmeye çalışıldığı bir yöntemdir. Günümüzde alternatif uyuşmazlık

çözümlerinden biri olarak arabuluculuğun kullanımı artmaktadır. Birleşmiş

Milletler Uluslararası Ticaret Hukuku Komisyonu, verimli ve devletler arasında

birbirine uyumu sağlayacak çok taraflı düzenleme bulunmamasını, ticari

uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde arabuluculuğun alternatif ve etkin bir yöntem

olmasını dikkate alarak, sınır-aşan arabuluculuktan doğan çözüm anlaşmalarının

tanınması ve tenfizi amacıyla uluslararası bir çerçeve oluşturmak için

çalışmalar yapmıştır. Bu çalışmalar neticesinde Arabuluculuk Sonucunda Yapılan

Uluslararası Çözüm Anlaşmalarına Dair Konvansiyon 20 Aralık 2018 tarihinde BM

Genel Kurulu’nda alınan kararla kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmamızda BM’de kabul

edilen hali ile 7 Ağustos 2019 tarihinde Singapur’da imzaya açılan, BM

Arabuluculuk Sonucunda Yapılan Uluslararası Çözüm Anlaşmalarına Dair Konvansiyon’un

hazırlık aşamaları, kapsamı ve getirdiği düzenlemeler hakkında bilgi verilmektedir.
Perancangan Sistem Penjadwalan Seminar Proposal dan Sidang Skripsi dengan Metode Algoritma Genetika
Authors: Oktarina Dwi , Hajjah Alyauma
Published: October 2019

Sistem Penjadwalan Seminar Proposal dan Sidang Skripsi pada STIKOM Pelita Indonesia masih dilakukan secara semi terkomputerisasi. Terjadinya bentrok dan keterlambatan penjadwalan sering terjadi, penjadwalan merupakan salah satu prosedur yang rumit karena harus menyesuaikan dengan ketersediaan ruangan, jam dan juga dosen yang akan menguji, Sekretaris Prodi harus mencocokkan jadwal tersebut secara manual lalu di input ke dalam Microsoft Excel, sehingga kemungkinan kesalahan dan keterlambatan penjadwalan sering dialami. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini perlu dikembangkan Sistem Penjadwalan Seminar Proposal dan Sidang Skripsi pada STIKOM Pelita Indonesia menggunakan metode Algoritma Genetika. Penerapan Algoritma Genetika ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan penjadwalan secara keseluruhan dengan adanya beberapa kriteria penjadwalan yang telah ditentukan, sehingga diperoleh suatu optimasi penjadwalan yang baik dalam pemasangan tiap kriteria seperti jam, hari, dan ruang pelaksanaan tidak ada terjadi permasalahan tumbukan jadwal. Aplikasi Program Sistem Penjadwalan Seminar Proposal dan Sidang Skripsi ini dibuat dengan menggunakan pemrograman berbasis Web, Database, Adobe Dreamweaver CS6, Visual Basic dan metode pengembangan sistem yang dipakai adalah System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Dengan diterapkan sistem informasi Penjadwalan Seminar Proposal dan Sidang Skripsi pada STIKOM Pelita Indonesia ini akan mempermudah proses penjadwalan untuk bagian BAAK dan Prodi.
Jóvenes rurales en la escuela secundaria del campo: una etnografía sobre estudiantes en el norte entrerriano
Authors: Schmuck Emilia
Published: October 2019

En el trabajo nos proponemos aportar a la comprensión de los procesos de educación y escolarización de las juventudes rurales en un contexto de extensión de la obligatoriedad escolar. A través de una investigación etnográfica que realizamos en una población rural del norte de la provincia de Entre Ríos, afirmamos que la escolarización de las y los jóvenes no es solo resultado del establecimiento de la obligatoriedad escolar por ley ni de la acción u omisión del estado en garantizarla, sino que se relaciona con el fuerte involucramiento de las familias y el lugar asignado a la educación en la reproducción generacional. Sin embargo, consideramos que esto no alcanza para explicar la relación entre las juventudes rurales y la escuela del campo, ya que éstas valoran fundamentalmente la escuela como posibilidad de encuentro con sus pares, como espacio de sociabilidad. La celebración del Día del Estudiante Rural, donde se construyen relaciones de afinidad que marcan una ruptura respecto a lo que sucede en el espacio social rural, nos permite avanzar en la comprensión de los modos en que las y los jóvenes se apropian, crean y recrean el espacio escolar.
Effect of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in PT. Pawnshop Syariah Tempe Unit Wajo District
Authors: Azhari Aslan
Published: October 2019

Customer satisfaction is the concern of PT. Pawnshop Syariah Tempe Unit Wajo District. This research was conducted with the aim of: (1) knowing the effect of physical evidence on customer satisfaction, (2) knowing the effect of reliability on customer satisfaction, (3) knowing the effect of responsiveness on customer satisfaction, (4) knowing the effect of guarantees on customer satisfaction, ( 5) knowing the effect of empathy on customer satisfaction, (6) knowing the most dominant factor influencing the dimensions of service quality on customer satisfaction at PT. Pawnshop Syariah Tempe Unit Wajo District. This study uses primary data through questionnaires totaling 100 samples from all customers of PT. Pawnshop Syariah Tempe Unit is 52,338 customers. This research was conducted in the study period from October to December 2016. The analysis method used was descriptive analysis, validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression test, partial test, simultaneous test , and the coefficient of determination test. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) 21 software program. The results of this study indicate that: (1) physical evidence has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, (2) reliability has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, (3) responsiveness has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, (4) guarantee has a positive effect and significant to customer satisfaction, (5) empathy has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, (6) guarantee is the most influential factor on customer satisfaction at PT. Pawnshop Syariah Tempe Unit Wajo District. This means that the company management in this case PT. Pawnshop Syariah Tempe Unit needs to pay special attention to the dimensions of service quality (physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy) so that it is always used to provide good service, because it has a great influence on customer satisfaction.
Educação matemática crítica e práticas pedagógicas
Authors: Severiano de Paiva Ana Maria , Pereira de Sá Ilydio
Published: October 2019

Nosso estudo trata da teoria da Educação Matemática Crítica que está ganhando cada vez mais espaço nas discussões atuais sobre o ensino de Matemática e suas práticas pedagógicas. Os teóricos da Educação Matemática Crítica apresentam como referencial comum as ideias da Educação Crítica e da Pedagogia de Paulo Freire. Nosso estudo focará um dos pioneiros a pesquisar nesse campo de investigação, o dinamarquês Ole Skovsmose
La educación universitaria en el siglo XXI: de la sociedad de la información a la sociedad del conocimiento
Authors: Fandiño Parra Yamith José
Published: October 2019

La sociedad de la información y la sociedad del conocimiento son intentos por identificar y entenderel origen y el alcance de los cambios sociales que se viven actualmente. Para Burch (2005), estos conceptosidentifican diferentes proyectos de sociedad a los cuales aspirar porque emergen de distintos contextos yresponden a distintas percepciones y expectativas. Al respecto, afirman Flores, Galicia y Sánchez (2007) quesociedad de la información y sociedad del conocimiento son conceptos que se han utilizado como sinónimosporque se cree que la información da poder y conocimiento. Sin embargo, para estos autores, ser parte dela sociedad del conocimiento requiere pasar del simple acceso, el manejo y el consumo eficaces de latecnología informática a la producción de innovaciones y soluciones pertinentes a través de los distintosmedios de información y comunicación disponibles; lo cual exige, inicialmente, construir ambientes deaprendizaje que promuevan la investigación y fomenten la transdisciplinariedad. A continuación, se discutesobre la diferencia entre sociedad de la información y sociedad del conocimiento y la necesidad de adoptaresta última como proyecto de sociedad en la educación universitaria.
Formação continuada dos professores: visando a própria experiência para uma nova perspectiva
Authors: Martins Silva Janaina da Conceição
Published: October 2019

Considerando a complexidade que envolve a formação continuada, realizou-se uma pesquisa de enfoque qualitativo com 14 professores do Ensino Fundamental da sexta à nona séries, iniciantes e em carreira, que atuam em escolas da rede pública e particular de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Como um processo de aprendizagem permanente, a pesquisa sobre a formação teve como referência a realidade dos professores, suas vivências, suas práticas pedagógicas e a escola como local privilegiado para essa finalidade. No entanto, apesar da formação continuada ser parte de um desejo, uma demanda e uma necessidade, existem dificuldades para a escola constituir-se como um local privilegiado de um pensar e fazer crítico-reflexivo e transformador dessa formação, em virtude da carga horária, dos salários, da falta de reconhecimento profissional e da falta de um projeto de longo prazo por parte das escolas e das Secretarias de Educação.