bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism and selectivity of acetylene semi-hydrogenation on Ni–Sn intermetallic catalysts
Authors: Rao De-Ming , Sun Tao , Yang Yu-Sen , Yin Pan , Pu Min , Yan Hong , Wei Min
Published: December 2018

A density functional theory study has been carried out to investigate the mechanism of acetylene hydrogenation on six surfaces of Ni–Sn IMCs, and the geometric effects towards ethylene selectivity was revealed.
Effects of tensile strain and finite size on thermal conductivity in monolayer WSe2
Authors: Yuan Kunpeng , Zhang Xiaoliang , Li Lin , Tang Dawei
Published: December 2018

The strain- and size-dependent lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer WSe2 has been investigated using the first-principles based Boltzmann transport equation.
Detection of the O2 A′3ΔU Herzberg III state by photofragment imaging
Authors: Scheidsbach Roy J. A. , Parker David H.
Published: December 2018

Photofragment imaging provides a sensitive method for detection of the O2 A′3Δu Herzberg III state using a one-laser dissociation/ionization scheme combined with velocity map imaging of atomic oxygen photofragments.
Recent developments in the chemistry of metal oxopolyazides
Authors: Haiges Ralf
Published: December 2018

The recent acomplished syntheses of novel metal oxopolyazides VO(N3)3, NbO(N3)3, NbO(N3)3·2CH3CN, MoO(N3)3, MoO(N3)3·2CH3CN, WO(N3)4, WO(N3)4·CH3CN, MoO2(N3)2, MoO2(N3)2·2CH3CN, WO2(N3)2, WO2(N3)2·2CH3CN and UO2(N3)2·CH3CN by the author is reviewed.
Dyadic promotion of photocatalytic aerobic oxidation via the Mott–Schottky effect enabled by nitrogen-doped carbon from imidazolium-based ionic polymers
Authors: Zhong Hong , Yang Can , Fan Lizhou , Fu Zhihua , Yang Xue , Wang Xinchen , Wang Ruihu
Published: December 2018

Metal/semiconductor heterojunction systems have demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic performance owing to the Mott–Schottky effect enabled by nitrogen-doped carbon.
Hot electron-driven photocatalysis and transient absorption spectroscopy in plasmon resonant grating structures
Authors: Wang Yi , Shen Lang , Wang Yu , Hou Bingya , Gibson George N. , Poudel Nirakar , Chen Jihan , Shi Haotian , Guignon Ernest , Cady Nathaniel C. , Page William D. , Pilar Arturo , Dawlaty Jahan , Cronin Stephen B.
Published: December 2018

We have developed a method to measure photocurrents produced by photoexcited hot electrons and holes in bulk metal films.
Profile analysis of C. elegans rheotaxis behavior using a microfluidic device
Authors: Ge Anle , Wang Xixian , Ge Minghai , Hu Liang , Feng Xiaojun , Du Wei , Liu Bi-Feng
Published: December 2018

We report a microfluidic device for the analysis of the rheotaxis behavior of C. elegans.
Recent developments in compounds acting in the DNA minor groove
Authors: Rahman Adeyemi , O'Sullivan Patrick , Rozas Isabel
Published: December 2018

DNA minor groove is the target: the small molecules' attack.
An in situ Bi-decorated BiOBr photocatalyst for synchronously treating multiple antibiotics in water
Authors: Cao Feng , Wang Jianmin , Wang Yunan , Zhou Jun , Li Song , Qin Gaowu , Fan Weiqiang
Published: December 2018

A well-defined Bi/BiOBr flowerlike heterostructure has been fabricated via an in situ solvothermal strategy, and it exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for synchronously removing multiple antibiotics coexisting in water.
Comparison of support synthesis methods for TiO2and the effects of surface sulfates on its activity toward NH3-SCR
Authors: Zhang Xuejun , Xing Yun , Song Zhongxian , Zhao Heng , Zhao Min , Zhao Jinggang , Ma Zi’ang , Zhang Peipei , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: December 2018

Addition of SO42−inhibits the transformation of TiO2from anatase to rutile and generates sulfate salts to increase the surface acidity.
Porous metal–organic molecular cage: a promising candidate to highly improve the nanofiltration performance of thin film nanocomposite membranes
Authors: Zhang Chunfang , Si Xuejian , Zhang Shuo , Pei Bei , Gu Jin , Bai Yunxiang
Published: December 2018

Novel PA/Fe-cage TFN membranes with improved nanofiltration performance were successfully fabricated by incorporating porous Fe-cages during the IP process.
Flexible focusing pattern realization of centimeter-scale planar super-oscillatory lenses in parallel fabrication
Authors: Li Wenli , Yu Yiting , Yuan Weizheng
Published: December 2018

Flexible focusing patterns realization of centimeter-scale planar super-oscillatory lenses in parallel fabrication.
Correction: Controlled p-type substitutional doping in large-area monolayer WSe2 crystals grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Pandey Sushil Kumar , Alsalman Hussain , Azadani Javad G. , Izquierdo Nezhueyotl , Low Tony , Campbell Stephen A.
Published: December 2018

Correction for ‘Controlled p-type substitutional doping in large-area monolayer WSe2 crystals grown by chemical vapor deposition’ by Stephen A. Campbell et al., Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 21374–21385.
Synthesis of 1,2,5-oxathiazole-S-oxides by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrile oxides to α-oxo sulfines
Authors: McCaw Patrick G. , Khandavilli U. B. Rao , Lawrence Simon E. , Maguire Anita R. , Collins Stuart G.
Published: December 2018

The generation of novel 1,2,5-oxathiazole-S-oxide cycloadducts from cycloaddition of nitrile oxide dipoles with α-oxo sulfines generatedin situfrom α-diazosulfoxides is reported.
Characterization of theN-methyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of toxoflavin, fervenulin and reumycin fromStreptomyces hiroshimensisATCC53615
Authors: Su Can , Yan Yijun , Guo Xiaowei , Luo Jianying , Liu Chongxi , Zhang Zhouxin , Xiang Wen-Sheng , Huang Sheng-Xiong
Published: December 2018

Four SAM-dependentN-methyltransferases are involved in the biosynthesis of toxoflavin, fervenulin, and reumycin fromStreptomyces hiroshimensisATCC53615.
Mechanical unfolding of alpha- and beta-helical protein motifs
Authors: DeBenedictis Elizabeth P. , Keten Sinan
Published: December 2018

Alpha-helices and beta-sheets are the two most common secondary motifs in proteins. Beta-helices combine features of both motifs to perform a wide variety of functions. Possessing a larger width to height ratio, beta-helices resist unfolding by rotating to larger angles with respect to the loading direction, resulting in hydrogen bonds being ruptured in shear or out of plane peeling rather than in-plane peeling. This allows beta-helices to achieve greater energy dissipation per residue than alpha-helices.
Group affinity guided deep hypergraph model for person re‐identification
Authors: Zeng Qixun , Yu Huimin
Published: December 2018

Person re‐identification aims at searching in a large gallery image database for images of the same identity as probe image, which can also be treated as a retrieval task in which the pairwise affinity is often used to rank the retrieved images. However, most existing methods of person re‐identification only consider pairwise affinity but ignore the group affinity information. Some frameworks incorporate group affinity into the testing phase, which is not end‐to‐end trainable for deep neural networks. In this Letter, a powerful deep learning based framework for person re‐identification is presented, which aims at fully utilising group affinity information for more discriminative features. Specifically, hypergraph model for group information mining is novelly proposed in the training phase, which significantly improves the performance of features acquired by the baseline networks. Extensive experiments on two popular benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the authors' model and applicability on different baseline networks.
Joint bandwidth and power allocation for multiple services in TV white space
Authors: Tian Zhong , Wang Jun , Wang Jintao , Song Jian
Published: December 2018

As the bandwidth resource in TV white space (TVWS) is permitted to be used for the secondary users, multiple secondary networks coexisting in the same geographical area can provide multiple services without interfering with the primary service, such as the TV broadcasting. To satisfy the minimum rate requirements and maximise the sum rate of the multiple services, the problem of resource allocation can be modelled as a mixed integer non‐linear programming (MINLP). According to this model, the joint bandwidth and power allocation (JBPA) method is proposed to solve the resource allocation for multiple services. The JBPA method is sub‐optimal, which can approximate the performance of the optimal two‐step exhaustive search (TSES) method very well, especially when the number of services is larger than the number of idle channels. Compared with TSES, the JBPA method decreases the complexity from exponential level to polynomial level. Besides, compared with one channel occupied by single service, the JBPA can serve more services and provide stable performance when the number of services varies dynamically. Compared with the algorithm random bandwidth allocation, the JBPA can approximate the optimal performance provided by TSES better with the time complexity of the same order.
Cooperative jamming‐based physical‐layer security of cooperative cognitive radio networks: system model and enabling techniques
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Lu Rongxing , Cao Bin , Zhang Qinyu
Published: December 2018

The aim of this work is to improve the secrecy capacity of primary users (PUs), meanwhile, spectrum utilisation and energy efficiency are considered. the authors present a communication system model with secondary users (SUs). The SUs are provided access to the spectrum. Also, by means of beamforming, their signals will not interfere the PUs but eavesdropper, and the PUs' transmissions are protected. By leveraging the SUs instead of traditional jamming nodes can also make the energy efficiency higher. They formulate the system model, signalling plan, and key enabling techniques to enhance the spectrum efficiency and PUs' physical‐layer security with SUs' participation. They provide theoretic analysis of a sum capacity maximisation under a certain power constraint to evaluate the performance of this system. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme not only improves PU's secrecy capacity but also enhances the spectrum utilisation.
Distributed energy efficient algorithm for ensuring coverage of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Nilsaz Dezfuli Neda , Barati Hamid
Published: December 2018

Energy consumption, network lifetime and coverage are the major challenges in wireless sensor networks. This study proposes a method that grids network area into square cells on a geographical basis. The node possessing the highest energy is selected as an aggregator in each cell. Given the cover area and remaining energy, the firefly algorithm functions to select and actively maintain the most suitable node in each cell while deactivating others. The uniqueness of the proposed evolutionary firefly algorithm is to ensure the desirable and effective network coverage. Omnet++ was applied for simulation study, the results of which were compared with those from both TCO and ACO‐Greedy models. A significantly greater coverage was provided by the proposed method with fewer nodes and 30% decrement in energy demand. The added advantage was the elongation of network lifetime.
New fast multi‐user beam training scheme based on compressed sensing theory for millimetre‐wave communication
Authors: Ding Yu , Su Li , Jin Depeng
Published: December 2018

Compensating for the considerable propagation loss, millimetre‐wave communication systems adopt large antenna arrays and beamforming technologies to obtain high antenna gains. The beamforming training is rather time‐consuming especially in multi‐user cases. To reduce the training overhead, a new fast multi‐user training scheme based on Compressed Sensing theory is proposed. This scheme includes a multi‐user training algorithm and a corresponding semi‐fixed semi‐random codebook design strategy. The base station (BS) simultaneously broadcasts the training pilots to all user equipments (UEs). Then all UEs independently conduct the proposed training algorithm from channel responses. Finally, all UEs send back the training results to the BS. Compared to the exhaustive search algorithm's training overhead , the cost of the proposed scheme is only , where and denote the number of beam patterns in the receiver and the transmitter. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent performance in high SNR (signal‐to‐noise ratio) cases with only performance difference from the theoretical bound. And in contrast with other Compressed Sensing schemes with random codebooks, the proposed scheme reduces the sensitivity to transmission SNR and improves approximately 3 dB performance in low SNR cases.
Security and reliability performance analysis for two‐way wireless energy harvesting based untrusted relaying with cooperative jamming
Authors: Mamaghani Milad Tatar , Abbas Robert
Published: December 2018

In this study, the authors investigate the security and the reliability performance of a two‐way relay‐based network, where a source–destination pair establishes secured communication through a wireless‐powered untrusted amplify‐and‐forward relay while employing a friendly jammer. The relay utilises the harvested energy from radio‐frequency signals sent by the sources to forward the received data; however, the friendly jammer employs that to generate and transmit noise‐like signals to confuse the curious relay. Two power transmission protocols, namely variable power transmission (VPT) and constant power transmission (CPT) at the jammer and relay are adopted. As a benchmark to highlight the performance advantages of employing a jammer, they also considered the case of zero power transmission (ZPT), where there is no jammer in the network. For the three scenarios, the intercept probability (IP) and the connection outage probability (COP), as well‐known secrecy criteria associated with the successful transmission are mathematically examined. Finally, the derived expressions are confirmed by comparison with Monte–Carlo simulations and furthermore, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effects of system parameters on the IP and the COP metrics. Specifically, they find that jammer's artificial noise distribution plays a paramount role in the secrecy performance of the considered system.
Semi‐passive optical front‐haul supporting channel monitoring and link protection for the cloud radio access network
Authors: Park Chi‐Young , Min Jun‐Ki , Kim Seung‐Hee
Published: December 2018

To accommodate the extremely large traffic load on the front‐haul of a cloud radio access network, optical fibres along with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology have become the de facto solution. In this study, the authors propose the model of a semi‐passive front‐haul device that can overcome the vulnerability of the optical fibre by using duplicated optical fibres and optical power monitoring for each WDM channel. Experiments conducted on the implemented prototype demonstrate that the link protection mechanism satisfies the regulation imposed by the international standard and that the optical power monitoring results are accurate. Thus, the proposed semi‐passive front‐haul device provides a high link reliability, fault reporting capability, and low operating cost.
Real‐time digital filtering algorithm for elimination of the decaying DC component using mathematical morphology
Authors: Godse Revati , Bhat Sunil
Published: December 2018

Fundamental phasor estimation is one of the most important jobs to be done by the digital protective relay (DPR). However, fault signals given to DPR consist of decaying DC (DDC) components, harmonics, and noise which can lead to inaccuracy in phasor estimation. Hence, for accurate results, digital filtering algorithms (DFAs) are mandatory to wipe out all these unwanted components. In modern DPR, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is extensively used DFA for fundamental phasor estimation. However, the accuracy of DFT is affected by the presence of DDC. Hence, to tackle this problem, a new real‐time fast DFA based on the mathematical morphology (MM) technique is put forward. First, the DDC components are filtered out using the morphological median filter (MMF) and are subtracted from the original fault signal. Afterwards, the fundamental phasor is extracted from the residual DDC‐free signal using the DFT. Several computer‐simulated, EMTP‐generated, and real‐field fault signals are used to examine the efficacy of the proposed DFA. In addition, the proposed DFA is compared with other existing techniques. The obtained results prove that the suggested DFA has vigorous performance in the presence of multiple DDC components, noise, and severe harmonic conditions with a low computational burden and high accuracy.
Real‐time spatio‐temporal trend and level (T&L) filtering scheme for early detection of voltage instability
Authors: Nadkarni Aditya , Soman Shreevardhan A.
Published: December 2018

Discovering early signatures of voltage instability can enhance situational awareness and facilitate emergency control. Such signatures usually appear as decaying trends in load voltages and increase in reactive power output of generators. Discrete control actions such as frequent switching of load tap changer (LTC) and capacitor banks, that are otherwise unmonitored, can also be crucial indicators of a voltage problem. Hence, the authors propose a unified early warning scheme (EWS) for detecting voltage instability. To quantify and correlate spatial, temporal (spatio‐temporal) trends and level changes, the authors use a multivariate, adaptive trend and level (T&L) filter. A unique feature of the proposed scheme is the signature authentication, by verifying simultaneity in T&L changes across multivariate time series. The authors show that, by extrapolating trends, limit violations in bus voltages and generator reactive power output can be estimated well in advance. Further, the level‐change detection logic is shown to have the ability to detect frequent LTC‐actions directly from the bus voltage time series. While the T&L filtering scheme is validated on field phasor measurement unit (PMU) datasets, EWS and emergency control is demonstrated on the classical 10‐bus voltage stability test system.
Method for detecting harmonic responsibility misjudgements based on waveform correlation analysis
Authors: Tang Kexuan , Shen Chen
Published: December 2018

In this study, a method for detecting misjudgements in customer harmonic responsibility determination is proposed. The method is based on waveform correlation analysis. The quantitative relationship between waveform correlation coefficients and equivalent harmonic current injections is studied and discussed through theoretical derivations. The complete harmonic responsibility misjudgement detection method is then proposed on the basis of quantitative analysis and validated by means of simulation studies and field tests. The method has the ability of detecting harmonic responsibility misjudgements made on linear inductive loads using direct harmonic current measurement indices. On‐line detection of misjudgements made by power quality monitoring systems in harmonic responsibility incentive management can be achieved by the proposed method.
Performance and consumer satisfaction‐based bi‐level tariff scheme for EV charging as a VPP
Authors: Argade Sachin G. , Aravinthan Visvakumar , Esra Büyüktahtakın Ismet , Joseph Siny
Published: December 2018

Appropriate control of the electric vehicle (EV) charging and corresponding prices can act as a virtual power plant (VPP) and support distribution system operators (DSOs). When multiple EVs are directly managed or controlled by price, as a cluster they will act as a VPP. This work proposes a price‐based VPP with a two‐class EV‐charging tariff while managing the charging impact on the distribution network. Similar to a generating unit, EVs that participate through a day‐ahead schedule will be charged differently than EVs that do not participate in day‐ahead scheduling. The objective of this work is to maximise benefits to both the DSO and the consumer. To achieve mutual benefits, in addition to power system constraints, this work incorporates the impact of consumer dissatisfaction due to delayed charging. This is achieved by modelling dissatisfaction as a function of anxiety. This work proposes an unplanned charging unit cost to ensure that both consumer welfare and DSO welfare are jointly accomplished. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the impact of limiting consumer dissatisfaction on the EV‐charging load and price for charging.
Simple algorithm for current and voltage control of LCL DSTATCOM for power quality improvement
Authors: Myneni Hareesh , Siva Kumar Ganjikunta
Published: December 2018

This study proposes a simple control algorithm for LCL‐filter‐based distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) for power quality improvement. The proposed algorithm is able to operate DSTATCOM in both current control mode (CCM) and voltage control mode (VCM) by controlling point of common coupling (PCC) voltage. However, in the conventional method, controlling both filter current and PCC voltage is required to operate DSTATCOM in CCM and VCM, respectively. The achieving of CCM and VCM operations with only PCC voltage controlling method reduces the computational burden on the controller since it eliminates the necessity of filter current sensors. For smooth reference tracking, the interfacing LCL‐filter parameters are designed based on the switching dynamics of hysteresis controller (HC) and harmonic order to be compensated by DSTATCOM. The total interfacing inductance value required in LCL DSTATCOM is low when compared with conventional DSTATCOM (L‐filter‐based DSTATCOM); therefore, the required dc‐link voltage is reduced. An adaptive dc‐link voltage control has been implemented to improve LCL‐DSTATCOM performance in terms of switching voltage stress and efficiency. To show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, simulation and experimental studies have been performed.
Islanding strategy for restoring electric power supply by means of electric vehicle idle power against cold load pickup
Authors: Wang Yue , Yao Meng , Chen Lu , Li Xinyu
Published: December 2018

This study presents a new method of forming emergency‐responsive autonomous islands for restoring electric power supply using an electric vehicle (EV) idle power against the so‐called cold load pickup (CLPU). Two stepwise discretisation methodologies are firstly proposed, which are used to discretise arbitrarily given cold‐load models and aggregate discretised EV discharge models, respectively. Then, under the framework of mixed‐integer linear programming, a methodology of forming particular responsive restoration islands is built, which aims to maximise the recovered energy of interrupted end‐users given discretised CLPU and EV discharge models. Comparative analyses via the proposed method against existing algorithms are conducted on both a partial IEEE RBTS‐BUS6 test feeder and a practical feeder. Specifically, the conducted analyses investigate the impacts of the CLPU on energy restoration and the assistance performance of discharge power from EV's on boosting the capability of responsive restoration islands to restore the interruption. Moreover, an especial relationship is studied, between the utilisation rate of total discharge power of an EV parking lot and the rate of restored energy concerning the total lost energy.
Valuing consumer participation in security enhancement of microgrids
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohsen , Vahidinasab Vahid , Ghazizadeh Mohammad Sadegh , Aghaei Jamshid
Published: December 2018

This study proposes a time‐based security (TBS) evaluation mechanism for radial microgrids (MGs) short‐term operation. In the proposed framework, system security is modelled using time‐based sensitivity analysis in the load points. Occurring branch contingencies in a radial MG creates some islands with oscillating frequencies. The settling time of frequency oscillation, as the successful islanding time, and the island's capability to continue the load supply are considered in TBS assessment. A system frequency response model and the stored energy of storages are used to calculate the two mentioned factors. Depending on the loads’ sensitivities to the successful islanding time and the service continuity duration, they are exposed to extreme damage. In the case of branches’ sudden outages, it may be impossible to operate the MG without any extreme damage of loads, due to the capacity shortage in the island, dynamic behaviours of the MG and inadequate stored energy of storages. Under these conditions, the load shedding unit participates considering the customer damage function. To evaluate the performance of the proposed security assessment mechanism, the 123‐bus distribution test system is precisely analysed.
Reduced quaternion matrix‐based sparse representation and its application to colour image processing
Authors: Bao Zhongyun , Gai Shan
Published: December 2018

The traditional colour image sparse models ignore the relationship among the three separate colour channels. The authors propose a novel colour image sparse model by employing reduced quaternion matrix, which can treat independent colour channels as a whole. In addition, reduced quaternion matrix singular value decomposition is employed to design the corresponding dictionary learning algorithm. To make the proposed model robust and tractable, a reduced quaternion split Bregman iteration is developed to solve the minimisation problem. The proposed model cannot only preserve inherent colour structures but also avoid hue bias issue efficiently. Extensive experiments on colour image de‐noising, in‐painting, and super‐resolution manifest that the proposed sparse representation model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art schemes.
Optimised halftoning and inverse halftoning of dermoscopic images for supporting teledermoscopy system
Authors: Ashour Amira S. , Guo Yanhui , Hawas Ahmed Refaat , Du Chunlai
Published: December 2018

Telemedicine systems require reliable, small size, and secure transmission. In teledermoscopy, the transmission of the traditional large size dermoscopic images leads to heavy consumption of storage space and bandwidth congestion, which impairs the efficient use of the transmission channel bandwidth. Furthermore, halftoning and inverse halftoning have a great practical impact in the reduction of the images’ size. For teledermoscopy, the present work optimises the error filter during the error diffusion process to generate the halftone dermoscopic images with small size. The proposed inverse halftone optimises two parameters during the integration between the regularised inverse filter and the DLPA‐ICI (directional local polynomial approximation and the intersection of confidence intervals) estimator's kernel. The optimised kernel parameter determines the best window size of the kernel in the restored image estimation. The experimental results included comparative studies in terms of several image quality metrics and the average size reduction in percentage when using the genetic algorithm for optimisation with Jarvis error diffusion for halftone images generation. The achieved average size reduction is 92.15% using the proposed method compared to the average dermoscopic images’ size in the test set on 900 images showing the superiority of the proposed method.
AItalk: a tutorial to implement AI as IoT devices
Authors: Lin Yun‐Wei , Lin Yi‐Bing , Liu Chun‐You
Published: December 2018

In one of the recent trends of Internet of Things (IoT), the IoT data are manipulated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for smart applications. By including AI into existing IoT application programs, significant coding effort is required. This paper proposes a solution called AItalk to resolve this issue. Unlike traditional AI‐based IoT applications that tightly integrate the AI mechanism within the network applications, the novel idea of AItalk is to treat the machine learning mechanism as a cyber IoT device. Our solution allows seamless inclusion of machine learning capability to the existing IoT applications without any programming effort. The advantage of this approach is that we can decompose a complex AI application into simplified distributed modules connected by using the IoT technology, and therefore the AI solution can be built more effectively. Also, in our approach, data can be easily processed in real time for an AI application. Supervised machine learning naturally fits the IoT applications, where the sensors provide the features to the AI algorithms, and the remote controllers serve as the labels. We show an example that the overhead of the IoT communication in AItalk is less than 30 ms and the AI prediction time is less than 2 ms.
Open‐circuit fault diagnosis for a fault‐tolerant three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped STATCOM
Authors: Li Haoyang , Guo Yuanbo , Xia Jinhui , Li Ze , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: December 2018

This study presents an open‐circuit fault diagnosis method for a fault‐tolerant three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). Since STATCOM only outputs reactive current, misdiagnosis may occur by utilising conventional methods. The proposed method relies on the measurement of three‐phase currents and is able to identify the faulty switch within 10 ms. The diagnosis method uses the residuals of three‐phase currents to detect the faults and locate the faulty switch pair. In addition, the root‐mean‐square value of the faulty phase current for a quarter of the current period is used to identify the faulty switch. Only the sensors that already exist in the system are required for the diagnosis method, which avoids the use of additional hardware circuits. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed fault diagnosis strategy.
Current pulse characteristic analysis of typical void and point partial discharge based on PIC‐MCC method
Authors: Huang Hongyi , Hu Yue , Xue Feng
Published: December 2018

The partial discharge (PD) in a void of epoxy solid insulation is a typical kind of PD behaviour, its occurrences may lead to complete breakdown of the insulation system. The microscopic process of particle movement is simulated here by using particle in cell‐Monte–Carlo collision (PIC‐MCC) method, which possesses great significance for researching typical discharge. The simulation results of void discharge and point discharge show detailed motion process and the Townsend discharge phenomenon. The PD current pulse waveform possesses similar trends of steep rising edge and gentle falling edge compared with Gaussian function. The behaviour of discharge events is influenced by many factors, such as electric field strength, void thickness, and polarity effect. Thus, the characteristics of PD are discussed and compared by adjusting these simulation parameters to find out internal connection and performance differences.
Distribution of electric field and structure optimisation on the surface of a ±1100 kV smoothing reactor
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhao Yingyu , Lv Fangcheng , Li Kang , Ding Yujian
Published: December 2018

A three‐dimensional (3D) finite‐element analysis model is established based on the structural characteristics of ±1100 kV oblique‐dry‐type smoothing reactor, to optimisation of the external insulation configuration thereof by the Comsol Multiphysics. The electric field on the grading ring and insulators surface is calculated and analysed. The results show that the electric field is extremely uneven and the electric field strength of the outer layer of the rain cover and the grading ring connected with the lowest layer of the main body is the largest around the whole model. Accordingly, it is proposed to enlarge the diameter of the outer layer of the grading ring, reduce the layer numbers of grading ring on the rain cover, and reduce the smoothing layer numbers of grading ring outside the insulation pillar: this should make the electric field distribution of the reactor surface more uniform. The experimental platform was established in Beijing Changping ultra‐high voltage test base and causal‐comparative tests of setup were undertaken to compare the external insulation characteristics of the smoothing reactor optimised with the original. The experimental results demonstrate that the switching impulse voltage of the smoothing reactor increases and the external insulation performance of the smoothing reactor are thus improved.
Modelling and analysis of temperature‐dependent carrier lifetime and surface recombination velocity of Si–ZnO heterojunction thin film solar cell
Authors: Muchahary Deboraj , Maity Santanu , Metya Sanjeev Kumar
Published: December 2018

ZnO–silicon heterojunction solar cell having high efficiency and high fill factor is structured and simulated to study its photovoltaic properties under different device temperature. Current–voltage measurement of dimensionally optimised device structure revealed up to 20.44% efficiency and 83.66% fill factor at 1 Ω‐cm2 external series resistance at 300 K. Measured current–voltage shows decrease of open‐circuit voltage from 659.13 to 109.1 mV and short‐circuit current from 40.65 to 39.5 mA/cm2 with increase of device temperature. Quasi‐steady‐state photoconductance measurement reveals small recombination current and long Shockley Read Hall lifetime under the selected temperature range indicating superior performance of the device. Adverse effect of surface recombination velocity at rear surface of the device is observed at lower temperature (100–600 K) range indicating better majority carrier collection at very high temperature 700 K and above.
MUSE-AO view of the starburst–AGN connection: NGC 7130
Authors: Knapen J. H. , Comerón S. , Seidel M. K.
Published: December 2018

We present the discovery of a small kinematically decoupled core of 0.″2 (60 pc) in radius as well as an outflow jet in the archetypical AGN–starburst “composite” galaxy NGC 7130 from integral field data obtained with the adaptive optics-assisted MUSE-NFM instrument on the VLT. Correcting the already good natural seeing at the time of our science verification observations with the four-laser GALACSI AO system, we reach an unprecedented spatial resolution at optical wavelengths of around 0.″15. We confirm the existence of star-forming knots arranged in a ring of 0.″58 (185 pc) in radius around the nucleus, previously observed from UV and optical Hubble Space Telescope and CO(6-5) ALMA imaging. We determine the position of the nucleus as the location of a peak in gas velocity dispersion. A plume of material extends towards the NE from the nucleus until at least the edge of our field of view at 2″ (640 pc) radius which we interpret as an outflow jet originating in the AGN. The plume is not visible morphologically, but is clearly characterised in our data by emission-line ratios characteristic of AGN emission, enhanced gas velocity dispersion, and distinct non-circular gas velocities. Its orientation is roughly perpendicular to the line of nodes of the rotating host galaxy disc. A circumnuclear area of positive and negative velocities of 0.″2 in radius indicates a tiny inner disc, which can only be seen after combining the integral field spectroscopic capabilities of MUSE with adaptive optics.
Analyzing the determinant variables on the difficulty of transfer power of rural and urban property tax from central to regional government in Indonesia
Authors: Rosdiana Haula , Irianto Edi Slamet , Murwendah
Published: December 2018

Motivated by rapid development of local autonomy and fiscal decentralization in Indonesia, this study aims to analyze determinant variables that causing the difficulty in the transfer policy of Rural and Urban Property Tax from central to regional governments. This program was designed to mitigate the fiscal disparities and revenue inequality among local authorities, also to increase the local people welfare. To comply with Government Law Number 28/2010 on Regional Tax and Levy, government transfers the right and authority of Rural and Urban Property Tax from central into regional government since 1 January 2011. By 31 December 2012, only 18 regional authorities have undergone the program and the rest seems to be having some difficulties. The study adopted a constructivism approach with qualitative method. The results show some determinant variables that causing the difficulties on this policy: (1) the weakness of bureaucratic attitude adhering to local government; (2) central and regional government are still not on the same page on collecting fee for Rural and Urban Property Tax; (3) the unclear formulation on fee collection of Rural and Urban Property Tax; (4) the lack of competency in the local government and short of experiences in Rural and Urban Property Tax collection.
The physical carrying capacity of mangrove ecotourism in Blanakan, Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hartanti Ufairah , Patria Mufti Petala , Utomo Suyud Warno
Published: December 2018

Blanakan mangrove forest is a form of biodiversity wealth owned by Indonesia. This forest has several tourism objects both in terms of nature and culture. Natural attraction such as mangrove diversity, crocodile breeding sites, and mangrove zonation. Cultural attraction such as Nadran ceremonies (sea party) and Sisingaan. Based on tourist visit data, the number of tourists has increase from year to year. However, it is feared to cause environmental damage and inconvenience for visitors. Therefore, the physical carrying capacity as the maximum number of tourists in tourist area needs to be taken into account. This research aims to analyze the physical carrying capacity of Blanakan mangrove ecotourism. The method of the research is quantitative method. This research analyzed by physical carrying capacity method. The result is the physical carrying capacity is 77.000 visitors/day. Relative carrying capacity is 2.750 visitors/day and effective carrying capacity is 825 visitors/day. While, the average tourist visit rate per day is 57 people. This research that the carrying capacity of the Blanakan mangrove ecotourism has not been exceeded.
Utilizing natural resources of geothermal for villagers welfare
Authors: Rochmah Sjahriati , Hayati Tri
Published: December 2018

In National Energy Policy, Indonesia is determined to reduce the use of artifact energy, and continue to promote and increase the use of new renewable energy that is used by 23 percent for electricity and transportation in 2025. Bio-energy contributed to 10 percent, Geothermal contributed to 7 percent, Hydro contributed to 3 percent and other new renewable energy contributed to 3 percent. During this time, portfolio/energy mix target had not reached, as in 2015, only reach 5% and in 2016 reach 7 percent. To achieve the national energy resilience, government put geothermal as one of the supplies of pillar energy in the (National Medium-term Development Plan) RPJMN document. Beside government had promoted renewable energy as one of national strategy for instance to determine the energy policy and regulations for sustainable development but the result was not satisfied enough. The current article would explore the renewable energy governance in Indonesia that focused on the geothermal energy. The implementation of various policies, regulations, and programs should increase the awareness of the importance of renewable energy role in the sustainable development system. The transparency of fair governance and the participation of the stakeholders of development therefore it was a must.
Analysis of civil society movements: the case of construction of geothermal power plant in Mount Talang Area
Authors: Fajri Hidayatul , Ilham Qori Pebrial , Halawa Historis Soterman
Published: December 2018

Geothermal energy is seen as one of the potential energy sources developed at present and in the future. In addition, geothermal energy is also claimed as environmentally friendly energy. However, the development and utilization of this energy are not fully accepted by all parties. Discourse on renewable and environmentally friendly energy clashes with issues of social injustice on a broader scale the problem of humanity and the environment. This study aims to analyze the movements developed by civil society in advocating the interests of the community in the development of geothermal energy in the mountain region of Talang-Bukit Kili. Our study takes the form of a case study focusing on the actors involved in the movement. This study uses in-depth semi-structured interviews. The results of the study show that movements are formed by several elements, namely; Non-Government Organization (NGO), students, civil society, and academics. These elements then form a different movement model. The movement developed by students and civil society is grouped as a new social movement model.
Life cycle inventory of green tea production: case of gambung
Authors: Waluyo Joko , Haq Muthia Syafika , Sari Ajeng Arum , Putri Ary Mauliva Hada , Muryanto  , Mastur Adhi Irianto , Bardant Teuku Beuna , Harianto Sugeng , Setiawan Arief Ameir Rahman , Sulaswatty Anny , Wiloso Edi Iswanto
Published: December 2018

Since long times ago, Indonesia has been known as one of foremost tea producers in the world. However, in recent years the total export contribution of Indonesian tea is declining. High competition and environmental sustainability issues is among the causing factors. Meanwhile, life cycle assessment has gained more attention to measure the potential impact of a product over its stages, from material extraction, production, distribution, consumption and product disposal. In this study, a life cycle inventory analysis has been performed to Indonesian green tea, using case of Gambung’s green tea factory in West Java Province, Indonesia. Data collection and calculations intended to quantify inputs and outputs of green tea production. The analysis itself was done in the basis of literature study and field data collection. The result of such inventory analysis indicates that to produce 3.2 ton of bulk green tea, needs 15 ton of fresh tea leaf, 31 tubes LPG of 50 kg and 2.7 ton wood pellet are needed. This process also produces 54 kg waste of ash wood pellet, 130 kg crushed-burnt leaf, 65 kg residue, and 11.6 ton vapor released.
Determinants of citizen engagement in rural water supply and sanitation services in Indonesia
Authors: Kasri Rahmi , Wirutomo Paulus
Published: December 2018

Community-based development approach has been successful in accelerating access to rural water supply and sanitation in Indonesia. However, it suffers with criticism on its effectiveness to sustain services and to protect environment. A transformation of approach to citizen engagement is promoted to achieve better development outcomes. Through case study in four villages, this study diagnosed what define and determine citizen engagement in Indonesian rural water supply and sanitation. Determinants of citizen engagement is synthesized by using narrative thematic analysis for the qualitative data and principal component analysis for 708 household survey data. It found that citizen engagement is an interrelation of structure, culture and process elements of social life. Sustainable service of rural water supply and sanitation should be seen as enriched and restructured management cycle with citizen engagement concept. The study offers an improved service delivery cycle of rural water supply developed by Lockwood and Smith in 2011. Method of analysis and the findings of this study demonstrate the integration of sociological and environmental science perspectives. It also provides input to strengthen rural water supply and sanitation programs, especially Pamsimas and STBM, the two biggest government development programs for rural water and sanitation in Indonesia.
Environmental citizenship behavior (the effect of environmental sensitivity, knowledge of ecology, personal investment in environmental issue, locus of control towards students’ environmental citizenship behavior)
Authors: Priadi Agus , Fatria Erian , Nadiroh  , Sarkawi Dahlia , Oktaviani Anggi
Published: December 2018

Environmental problems that continue to occur to this day has become a serious threat to the international world. Despite numerous research and investigation against the environmental problems continue to be done, but the solutions offered have not been fully able to cope with environmental problems. It is important that we should examine and change is our daily behaviors as a wise society to the environment. This article aims to review some research articles related to Environmental Citizenship Behaviors. Review this article based on the flowchart “Environmental Citizenship Behavior” developed by Hungerford & Volk in 1990. The research method used is survey with a causal approach and characterized by a data analysis technique using path analysis. The nature of the research used to test both direct and indirect effect among variables. In the framework of the flowchart was developed the variables in the Entry Level, the Ownership, and Empowerment of influential directly and indirectly towards the Environmental Citizenship Behavior to the environment. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that all of these entry level variables, ownership variables, and empowerment variables have direct and indirect effect towards environmental citizenship behavior.
Norm activation theory in the plastic age: Explaining children’s pro-environmental behaviour
Authors: Benyamin Aditya , Djuwita Ratna , Ariyanto Amarina Ashar
Published: December 2018

Our excessive consumption of single-use plastic has made this era become a plastic age, thus pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) should become our means of survival. This study aims to test whether norm activation theory which is commonly used to explain PEB on adults, could also shed some light in the same behaviour on children sample. Questionnaires, observation, and focus group discussion were used to obtain data from 533 fifth grade students in Jabodetabek, Indonesia. School environment, cultural background, age, length of study, and where the participants live are controlled. Data were then processed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). As predicted, norm activation theory has an adequate goodness of fit. Moreover, this study discovers a new interpretation of the theory, that adverse consequence can directly predict personal norm and PEB, due to the malleability of this theory which is further explained in the discussion.
Climate change social marketing on internet: review of interactivity to promote environmental sustainability
Authors: Aryanto Vincent Didiek Wiet , Paramitadevi Yudith Vega
Published: December 2018

This study aims at reviewing the interactivity of three prominent climate change website in Indonesia myplanet.care; Walhi (friend of Earth Indonesia) and Greenpeace Indonesia. Experimental research on interactivity was undertaken by involving 16 participants from one prominent private university and one prominent public university in Semarang. Reviewing process was done by situating the participants in one place to thoroghly investigate the three websites. The findings refer to 3 elements of interactivity namely social website interactivity, accessibility and navigation capability.