bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raging Hormones, Regulated Love: Adolescent Sexuality and the Constitution of the Modern Individual in the United States and the Netherlands
Authors: SCHALET AMY T.
Published: March 2007

Theories of sexuality, culture and modern personhood rarely take account of differences in the construction of sexuality between advanced industrial nations. This article reveals different conceptions and management of adolescent sexuality among white, middle-class American and Dutch parents of teenagers. The American parents describe adolescent sexuality as a biologically driven, individually based activity which causes disruption to the teenager as well as to the family. The Dutch parents, by contrast, emphasize the love relationships and social responsibility of teenagers which make their sexuality a `normal' phenomenon. The American parents exclude the sexuality of teenagers from conversation and the family while the Dutch parents accommodate culturally prescribed forms of teenage sexuality within the home. The article demonstrates how the two constructions of adolescent sexuality, and the conceptions of personhood and social life that engender them, constitute fundamentally different cultural logics. Without denying variations within the two countries, or overlaps between them, it suggests that different dominant understandings of sexuality and the individual have prevailed in the USA and the Netherlands.
The Climbing Body, Nature and the Experience of Modernity
Authors: LEWIS NEIL
Published: March 2007

This article lays the ground for a sensuous appreciation of both the human body and the physical world. Drawing on the biographical account of the climber's embodied reflection of rock-climbing, the `climbing body' highlights our overwhelming tactile and kinaesthetic engagement with the phenomenal world. I Begin by emphasizing the need to consider the organic nature of human being, that we should understand how the awareness of death and our consequent sense of mutability provide a significant moment to remember the body. I highlight how this might be achieved through the practice of adventure climbing. The increasing denial of the body's organicity, its mutability - perhaps a key impulse of modernity - is thereby usurped. This is followed by a structure of thought, based around the work of Georg Simmel, conveying the radical materiality of the phenomenal world. In doing so, I highlight the propensity of the environment to inscribe itself upon the human body. This idea is brought alive during the second half of the article, which focuses upon the climbing body and, in particular, the hands of the climber. As they navigate vertical ground climbers are guided by the sense of touch in order to `make sense' of the world. The climbing body orientates itself through tactile navigation: by feeling or grasp-ing its way through the world. To engage with the world tactually is to situate oneself consciously in that world and to have a potentially unmediated relationship with it. In doing so, the climber opens up the possibility for a corporeal reconceptualization of modernity.
Walking in the British Countryside: Reflexivity, Embodied Practices and Ways to Escape
Authors: EDENSOR TIM
Published: March 2007

This article looks at the discursive and practical construction of walking in a British context. It examines the ways in which notions and practices generated by conventions around the meaning of walking in the countryside apparently contradict prevailing ideas that walking is an escape from the restrictions of everyday urban life. Identifying particular, competing forms of walking and the techniques and identities that they espouse, it is suggested that such activities are suffused with disciplinary norms. Yet despite these conventions, walking holds out the possibility of disruption, through confrontation with physical discomfort, unpredictable features and sensual experience that contrasts with much contemporary forms of movement. The work of artist Richard Long is used to explore these issues.
Tattooing the Body, Marking Culture
Authors: FISHER JILL A.
Published: March 2007

This article examines the complex relationship between power and the physical and social practices of tattooing in contemporary United States. Briefly tracing the history of tattooing from ancient Greece to contemporary America, I highlight the temporal and geographical changes in the practices and perceptions of tattooing. In addition to creating a historical narrative, I situate the sociocultural practice of tattooing the body for the tattooist and the `tattooee'. This investigation into body inscription serves as a means to elucidate the contemporary practice of tattooing as one that is simultaneously physical and social, with multiple levels of constructed meaning. Finally, I will explore how tattooing, as a form of body modification, can be analyzed as a form of resistance to or a symptom of a culture that has commodified the body.
`Difference in Itself': Validating Disabled People's Lived Experience
Authors: OVERBOE JAMES
Published: March 2007

I argue that the lived experience of disabled people should be validated instead of a facile categorization. Thus far, a disabled sensibility is reduced to a categorical interpretation. Through my examination of a theoretical performance I illustrate how a disabled/able persona negates a disabled sensibility and allows an audience to experience the exotic disabled without examining their own `ableism'. Sobchack's and Clark's examinations demonstrate how both the techno-body and the cyberbody continue to devalue a disabled embodiment and sensibility. In the final section of the article I explore how Deleuze's concept of `difference in itself' can free disabled people from the concepts of identity, hierarchy, representation and categorization that have been employed to devalue their embodiment and sensibility. Moreover, I believe that Deleuze's alternative theory of `difference in itself' can validate a disabled embodiment and sensibility.
Adolescent Bipolar Disorder: Unusual Clinical Presentations and Diagnostic Difficulties
Authors: Agarwal Meena , Tayler Peter J.
Published: March 2007

The diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in adolescence is often difficult. Three cases of adolescent onset bipolar affective psychosis are described, where disorientation and impairment of short-term memory were part of the presenting psychopathology. This led to extensive investigation for an organic cause. It was only after a period of weeks that the final diagnosis of bipolar disorder was firmly made.
Psychological and Behavioral Factors Predicting Attendance at a Community-based HIV Prevention Intervention
Authors: Thompson Nancy J. , Sanderson Catherine A. , Sharpe Potter Jennifer , Maibach Edward W. , McCormack Mary
Published: March 2007

To date, virtualiy no research has addressed individuals' characteristics which influence their participation in prevention interventions targeting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Identification of these characteristics is important, for no intervention is effective if not attended. This study explored stage of condom adoption and selected other psychological and behavioral factors, to determine which of these predicted attendance at a clinic-based HIV intervention. Stage of condom adoption ( p = .03) and frequency of drunkenness ( p = .05) were significant predictors of attendance for persons with more than one sex partner. For persons with only one sex partner, self-efficacy and outcome expectations were identified. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The Utility of Systems Models of Stress and Coping for Applied Research
Authors: Somerfield Mark R.
Published: March 2007

Contemporary conceptual models of stress and coping are intricate systems formulations that depict adaptation as a dynamic, interactional process. The inherent complexity of these models presents conceptual and methodological challenges that make testing a complete model difficult. This article makes the case for a more microanalytic strategy for applied coping research that, by centering attention and available resources on selected high-frequency, high-stress problems, permits more conceptually sophisticated and clinically informative analyses. In this context, the prevailing conceptual models have heuristic value for organizing the holistic study of adaptational processes. The utility of the proposed strategy for the development of problem-specific systems models is illustrated using the example of treatment-induced sterility from research on cancer adaptation.
The Impact of Previous Experience on Children's Reactions to Venepunctures
Authors: Bijttebier Patricia , Vertommen Hans
Published: March 2007

The relationship between children's previous experience with venepunctures and their responses to a subsequent blood test was studied in 47 children hospitalized for a surgical intervention. We replicated the results of earlier studies, revealing no effect of the amount of experience but a significant effect of the quality of previous experience. Children with a history of negative medical experiences were found to show higher levels of state anxiety prior to the procedure and to be more distressed and less cooperative during the procedure than children with previous positive or neutral experiences. A comparison of both groups of experienced children with inexperienced children revealed that negative past experiences are likely to sensitize the child, whereas positive or neutral past experiences do not have a significant impact on subsequent reactions. This effect occurs independently of the coping style of the child (sensitizing versus repression).
Health Locus of Control and Health Behaviour
Authors: Norman Paul , Bennett Paul , Smith Christopher , Murphy Simon
Published: March 2007

A representative sample of 11,632 people completed a questionnaire measuring health locus of control, health value and a number of health behaviours as part of the 1989 Health in Wales Survey. Measures of smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise and diet were combined to form a health behaviour index, representing key 'lifestyle' indicators. In line with predictions, scores on this measure were positively associated with internal health locus of control scores, and negatively associated with scores on the chance and powerful others dimensions. Classifying respondents according to Wallston and Wallston's (1981) health locus of control typology revealed that 'pure internals' performed the most health behaviours. Some evidence was found to suggest that health value moderates the relationship between health locus of control and health behaviour, although overall the health locus of control construct was found to be a weak predictor of health behaviour. The results are discussed in relation to the need to consider other expectancy beliefs when predicting health behaviour.
Beyond `Gulags Western Style'?
Authors: PRATT JOHN
Published: March 2007

Nils Christie in Crime Control as Industry has suggested that our spiralling prison populations, particularly in the United States, represent a move `towards gulags western style'. In much the same way that Zygmunt Bauman sees modernity itself as creating the possibility for the Holocaust, so for Christie the current `gulagization' of the West is not an aberration of modern society but is something that occurs naturally within it. While sympathetic to Christie, this article seeks to extend some of the themes of his book. In particular, it suggests that we may already be moving into an area of penal control that takes us `beyond the gulag'. The gulag itself may no longer be a sufficient modality of punishment to absorb the punitive sentiments now at work in modern societies. What we thus find is the supplementation of modern penal sanctions by new forms of legal and extra legal punishments that privilege community involvement and interests over those of bureaucratic rationalism, leading to an uncertain and fragmented penal terrain. While, for Christie, there is the hope that at some point the basic good sense of ordinary people will prevail and counter the trends that the forces of modernity have made possible, it is argued that there is no essentialized goodness to human values and public sentiment: unleashing them may only add to the spiral of penal control.
Rethinking Bestiality:
Authors: BEIRNE PIERS
Published: March 2007

This paper seeks to introduce a view of bestiality which differs radically from both the anthropocentrism enshrined in the dogma of Judaeo-Christianity and also from the pseudo-liberal tolerance fashionable today. I argue that bestiality should be understood as `interspecies sexual assault' because the situation of animals as abused victims parallels that of women and, to some extent, that of infants and children and further because (1) human-animal sexual relations almost always involve coercion; (2) such practices often cause animals pain and even death; and (3) animals are unable either to communicate consent to us in a form that we can readily understand or to speak out about their abuse. The paper offers a typology of interspecies sexual assault, including sexual fixation, commodification, adolescent sexual experimentation and aggravated cruelty.
Making Sense of Depression: Perceptions of Melancholia in Lay Narratives
Authors: Kangas Ilka
Published: March 2007

In the field of lay health knowledge research, little attention has been paid to mental health problems. Drawing on in-depth interviews with depressed people, this article analyses lay theories of depression, focusing on narrative accounts of depression. These narratives were guided and shaped by a core explanation of the individual etiology of depression. Three narrative types were distinguishable: one storyline was based on shortcomings of childhood and adolescence development. A second storyline focused on excessive demands and role-conflicts, presented as causes of work-related burn-out, which developed into or already contained traits of depression. A third storyline was formed along symptom-provoking factors, outlining a story of hardships and severe life events during adulthood, which were reacted to with depression. Apart from the core explanation, the accounts reflected upon other explanations of depression. In revealing individual and social circumstances that create discomfort, depression accounts act as powerful describers of society.
Social and Political Aspects of Men’s Health
Authors: White Rob
Published: March 2007

Men’s health has become an issue of significant public concern in recent years. Why and how men’s health has become a matter that is ‘taken seriously’ is reviewed. This is followed by an extended discussion of the relationship between specific features of men’s health and the social construction of masculinity. The article explores and critically evaluates strategies that challenge key elements of ‘hegemonic masculinity’, especially those that attempt to reconstruct masculinity via appeal to the notion of androgyny. The article concludes with discussion of social and political questions relevant to the pursuit of improved health for men in a period of major economic and social change.
Mobile Desire: Aesthetics, Sexuality and the `Lesbian' at Work
Authors: Adkins Lisa
Published: March 2007

In recent writings on post-industrial economies the idea of the commodification of sexuality is highly visible. Yet many of these analyses tend to overlook the important debates in sexuality studies which have questioned both essentialist and utopic readings of the commodification aesthetic. In this article, I draw on some of these insights to think through the commodification of sexuality at work, especially in regard to the `lesbian' at work. In particular I ask if post-industrial service work may be currently constitutive of a `lesbian postmodern'. In so doing I suggest that the commodification aesthetic may be read as involving the making of sexual subjects at work. But I also consider the ways in which the terms of recognition of the `lesbian' at work may deny claims towards particular forms of workplace capital through a definition of performances of sexuality at work in terms of categories of immanence. I suggest this raises problems for arguments which suggest workplace justice in regard to sexuality may be best achieved through a politics of recognition, since the terms of recognition or visibility at work may themselves not be neutral.
Naked Power: The Practice of Stripping as a Confidence Game
Authors: Pasko Lisa
Published: March 2007

The stripper-customer interaction is a complicated manipulation of emotional labour and symbolic communication. Using a series of carefully constructed interactions resembling a confidence game, strippers create and maintain control over their customers. This article uses findings from a participant-observation study performed in Hawaii and explores the motivation, social roles, and consequences involved in the striptease act. In an attempt to acquire a monetary reward, strippers: (1) forge feelings of intimacy and emotional connectedness; and/or (2) fulfill customer fantasies by assuming the sex- object role. This article concludes: (1) strippers have power in their individual interactions with customers; (2) this power does not translate into gender relations in mainstream society; and (3) the emotionally and sexually manipulative act of stripping has outcomes of psychological and social estrangement, stigmatization and potential victimization for the dancers.
Interruptus Coitus: Heterosexuals Accounting for Intercourse
Authors: Gavey Nicola , McPhillips Kathryn , Braun Virginia
Published: March 2007

Intercourse remains the definitive heterosexual act, implied by terms such as `having sex', `making love', or even just `doing it'. However, the particular bodily mechanics of intercourse mean it carries considerably higher risks (of disease and unwanted conception for example) than other forms of sex. Because of this, we suggest a need to question the taken-for-grantedness of intercourse in heterosex. Drawing on data from interviews with 15 women and 15 men, we examine discourses and significations which continue to prioritize intercourse over other forms of sex. Intercourse was described as natural and normal, and as signifying intimacy, closeness, and love within heterosexual relationships. Somewhat paradoxically, it was also pragmatically described as easy and non-intimate. The tensions and inconsistencies created by competing discourses and alternative significations may offer a space to destabilize the taken-for-granted normality and naturalness of intercourse. Furthermore, a strategic construction of heterosexual sex around pleasure may help shift intercourse from being the inevitable goal and endpoint of heterosex to being one sexual possibility among many.
Stories of Trauma and Idioms of Distress: From Cultural Narratives to Clinical Assessment
Authors: Rechtman Richard
Published: March 2007

In the case of long-term major traumatic events such as the Cambodian tragedy there is a close relationship between the individual’s clinical history and the collective history of his/her ethnic group. Most of the refugees who have survived a given historical event share the same history with nearly the same trauma, the same loss, the same flight to escape, the same difficult resettlement and so on. However, even if refugees have lived the same events, this does not mean that they have experienced the same trauma. Both trauma and culture shape human experience and may give the illusion of a common destiny that would flatten out varying individual fates, whereas in fact different destinies are contingently linked together. These questions pose a challenge to clinicians’ knowledge of the relationship between trauma, culture and subjectivity and of course they challenge the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder as well. While knowledge of cultural differences is essential for clinicians, it is equally essential to be aware of how the individual’s psyche may find hidden paths within the constraints imposed by culture, or even by trauma itself. To illustrate this issue, the article focuses on the case study of a Cambodian refugee to France.
Race in the Room: Issues in the Dynamic Psychotherapy of African Americans
Authors: Liggan Deborah Y. , Kay Jerald
Published: March 2007

Race enters into psychotherapy in ways that parallel its operation in society. This article offers in a ‘narrative of race’ an integrated model of psychological stress that is used as a guide in the biopsychosocial formulation of a case presentation. Negative internal models of relationships include that of the black matriarch, the emasculated black male, the white authority figure and the black self-rejected image. In the discussion of an African American patient in psychotherapy, we use these negative internal models to address two controversial issues. First, to what extent are racial conflict and negative internal models of relationships incorporated into the black patient’s dysfunctional life issues? Second, can black patients resolve issues caused by their need to function in a racially stratified society through a therapeutic alliance with therapists from other cultures? We support the position of cross-race therapy dyads with the acknowledgment of race in the consultation room. African American patients can receive effective therapy from any culturally oriented therapist who facilitates the resolution of racial conflict. From this foundation, we propose a dynamic model in which the therapist enters the experience of the African American patient and establishes fixed points of reference for the proper detection of transference/countertransference issues.
Migration Stress-Related Challenges Associated with Perceived Quality of Life: A Qualitative Analysis of Iranian Refugees and Swedish Patients
Authors: Ekblad Solvig , Abazari Azra , Eriksson Nils-Gustaf
Published: March 2007

The question of how quality of life is expressed and perceived by refugee patients seeking health care has been neglected in the literature. This pilot study examined perceptions of quality of life among Iranian refugees in Sweden. Fourteen Iranian refugees and eight Swedish primary health care patients were interviewed using a qualitative method focusing on perceived quality of life. Among patients seeking health care, Iranians with war-related experiences, migration stress and refugee status perceived quality of life differently than Swedish patients. Of the six World Health Organization quality of life domains, three were mentioned by both study groups, although with different content. The observed differences may reflect narrative structures linking trauma, culture and quality of life at the individual level.
On the Social Construction of Moral Universals
Authors: Alexander Jeffrey C.
Published: March 2007

The following is simultaneously an essay in sociological theory, in cultural sociology, and in the empirical reconstruction of postwar Western history. Per theory, it introduces and specifies a model of cultural trauma - a model that combines a strong cultural program with concern for institutional and power effects - and applies it to large-scale collectivities over extended periods of time. Per cultural sociology, the essay demonstrates that even the most calamitous and biological of social facts - the prototypical evil of genocidal mass murder - can be understood only inside of symbolic codes and narratives; that these frames change substantially depending on social circumstances; and that this culture process is critical to establishing understandings of moral responsibility. Empirically, this essay documents, in social and cultural detail, using both secondary and primary sources, how it was that the `Holocaust' gradually became the dominant symbolic representation of evil in the late twentieth century, and what its consequences have been for the development of a supra-national moral universalism that may restrict genocidal acts in the future.
The Dissolution of Society within the `Social'
Authors: Freitag Michel
Published: March 2007

This article provides a general, theoretical reflection on the decline of the normative dimension in postmodern societies. Modern societies were the first to recognize themselves as societies, that is, to reflect explicitly on the normative basis of their constitution. With the decline of modernity, societal integration, which was based in part on the collective solidarity borne of an idea of Justice, has dissolved into merely `social' forms of integration, legitimized in terms of a claim to operational perfection. At a purely epistemological level, this results in a profound misunderstanding of the subjective and unitary character of society and social action. The article ends in a plea for the recovery of a reflection on values, understood not just as a change in values, but as a change in the relation to values, necessary to confront the irreducible plurality of the world.
Stylization, Authenticity and TV News Review
Authors: COUPLAND NIKOLAS
Published: March 2007

Mainstream news broadcasting pursues an authentication project, to bolster its claims to serious, weighty and factual news reporting. News review contributes to this project when it seeks to humanize front-stage news personnel. It moves away from the traditional, institutionalized concern with `authenticity-from-above' and works to generate `authenticity-from-below'. As an extreme instance of resistance to the `from-above' formulation, this article considers data from a televised UK weekday morning show, The Big Breakfast, and specifically its `review of the papers' slot. The show's orientation is iconoclastic, from the establishment perspective on news, partly by its high degree of reflexivity about the television medium. Its main presenter, Johnny Vaughan, extrapolates from newsprint sources well beyond the conventional bounds of the review genre. He delivers a thoroughly performed, burlesque response to more and less trivial aspects of the day's print news. His stylized vocal and visual representations of figures in the news achieve a populist moral consensus, as a key process in constructing a `from-below' authenticity. Even in this thoroughly tabloidized and comic performance, the show retains a clear critical dimension, strikingly at odds with authorized modes of news and news review.
Retrospective Accounts of Drunken Behaviour: Implications for Theories of Self, Memory and the Discursive Construction of Identity
Authors: GILES DAVID
Published: March 2007

This article examines the retrospective accounts of drunken behaviour by groups of students who drink together regularly. The literature on `collective remembering' has demonstrated how shared memories are constructed discursively, and this is likely to be even more true of memories for events when participants were drunk. Close reading of the extracts from one particular interview reveals the way participants construct `drunken identities' for one another, and suggests how they may embroider narrative recollections through subsequent information becoming available to supplement their sketchy individual recall. The implications of these processes are discussed with reference to legal contexts and theories of self and identity.
Violence in El Salvador
Authors: Binford Leigh
Published: March 2007

This article engages Philippe Bourgois's analysis of the continuum of violence from wartime to post-war El Salvador in Ethnography (2:1). Acknowledging the utility of the violence model proposed by Bourgois, it contends that a general theory of structural relations and everyday violence requires mediating concepts in order to be usefully applied in any concrete situation, and that Bourgois has not supplied them. As a consequence, Bourgois's application of the model to Salvadoran wartime and post-war reality is excessively mechanical. Study of the unfavorable peace settlement, which preserved unequal structural relations, is probably necessary in order to shed light on the high levels of post-war violence. The shortcomings of Bourgois's analysis is further related to an over-reliance on personal narrative, discussed here in terms of the `testimonial function'.
Music Therapy in Northern Ireland
Authors: Bracefield Hilary , Kirk-Smith Michael , Slevin Eamonn , Sutton Julie , Thompson Kate
Published: March 2007

Music therapy is predominantly used to treat children and adults with a wide range of learning disabilities. This paper identifies a shortfall of provision in Northern Ireland in comparison with other parts of the United Kingdom, such that only 200 people per year receive music therapy out of over 8000 people with learning disabilities who could benefit from it. A survey of health and educational professionals attending short courses in music therapy was conducted. It was found that this shortfall in provision was, in part, being met by the informal use of music by them, despite their lack of formal training in music therapy. The paper concludes that where such shortfalls in music therapy exist, limited input and direction from music therapists to these professionals, e.g. via short training courses, would be of great benefit through improving the quality and effectiveness of their use of music in therapy for people with learning disabilities.
Protection for Whom?
Authors: Evans Anwen , Rodgers Margaret E.
Published: March 2007

The protection of individuals with learning difficulties or learning disabilities (hereafter learning disabilities) would appear to be at the heart of legal intervention where sexual and intimate relationships are concerned. The legal perception of the need to protect may be changing within civil law but this is not matched within the criminal law arena. In this article the differences between these areas is explored, together with discussion on whether a right exists to such a relationship for individuals with learning disabilities. This article was developed following work with, and for, SCOPE (a UK registered charity) that looked at enabling individuals with learning disabilities to express their sexuality. The authors would like to emphasize that this approach excludes consideration of issues such as `tolerated' sexual relationships and has as its focus what may be termed `wanted' sexual relationships.
Friend or Foe?
Authors: Moore Debra
Published: March 2007

Adults with learning disabilities are often the targets of acts of violence, aggression, bullying and humiliation. This review of the literature considers as problematic the prevention and detection of abuse, and the effect it has on relationships between carer and client, the therapeutic environment and the culture of wider society. This article seeks to inform prevention strategies by identifying not just the characteristics of the abusers and the victims but the reality of relationships between them and how this can be the most effective safeguard against abuse. The article suggests that at the core of a valuing relationship between a carer and a person with learning disabilities is a concept of humanness, and a willingness to see reciprocity and warmth in their alliance with one another. The article concludes that a challenge facing leaders and managers of services is how to replicate, cherish and maintain that connection and interdependence between `carer' and `cared for'.
Who Wants an Expatriate Business Career?
Authors: Selmer Jan
Published: March 2007

Knowledge about who the willing expatriates are and their corporate abode is essential information for firms struggling with an increasing demand for cosmopolitan executives. North American and European expatriate business managers responded to a mail survey about their expatriate career preferences. It was found that more managers with expatriate career preferences than without are older, have worked longer time abroad, are European, are externally recruited, have previously undertaken foreign assignments, are employed by small parent corporations and by corporations with a large percentage of parent country national expatriates worldwide. There was no difference in managers' expatriate career preferences with regard to period of tenure with parent corporation, gender, marital status, position, parent corporation's percentage of turnover generated abroad, period of international corporate operations, and number of countries of such operations. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Dementia Diagnosis and Management in Primary Care
Authors: Iliffe Steve , Wilcock Jane , Austin Tony , Walters Kate , Rait Greta , Turner Stephen , Bryans Michelle , Downs Murna
Published: March 2007

Dementia presents a challenge for primary care and the advent of new therapeutic options has highlighted the need to improve its detection so that early decisions about medication use can be made. Efforts at earlier diagnosis should be targeted at primary care as the gateway to specialist health and social services. There is, however, evidence that dementia remains under-detected and sub-optimally managed in general practice throughout the world. This article reviews the obstacles to early recognition of dementia and the factors causing sub-optimal management in the community, and discusses educational approaches to enhancing professional skills in the recognition of and response to dementia. Three educational interventions with different characteristics and methods of delivery are described.
The Era of Tyrannies
Authors: Jones H.S.
Published: March 2007

This article argues that Hayek's Road to Serfdom should be read in the light of his contemporaneous studies in the history of European social and political thought, and traces the affinities between his and Halévy's work on the history of socialism. Both saw Saint-Simonism rather than Marxism as embodying the essence of socialism, and both saw the cult of `organization', rather than the idea of class conflict, as its most characteristic feature. It is tentatively suggested that Halévy's writings exercised a significant influence on the formulation of Hayek's most famous work.
Luke 17.11-19 and the Criteria for Authenticity Revisited
Authors: Porter Stanley
Published: March 2007

My 2000 monograph on the criteria for authenticity in historical-Jesus research analyzed the major criteria that have been used in such discussion. I also developed three new Greek-language based criteria, and, using these criteria, examined a number of important passages in the Gospels where it is useful to discuss their authenticity in Greek. The critical results have proved significant, with many scholars accepting that I have shown the likelihood of Jesus speaking Greek, even if they do not agree that I have convincingly proven every example where he did so. In that discussion, I did not treat Lk. 17.11-19, the episode of the cleansing of the ten lepers, in which one, a Samaritan, speaks to Jesus. In this paper, I apply the criterion of Greek language and its context to the episode and show that the persons involved and their backgrounds indicate that Greek may well have been the—or at least a—language in which they could and/or would have communicated.
On the Life and Death of Joseph of Arimathea
Authors: Lyons William
Published: March 2007

Recent studies have raised significant questions about where the historical Joseph of Arimathea ends and the Joseph of legend begins. Here it is argued that the Markan Joseph was a devout Jew who buried Jesus for reasons of either personal piety or communal duty. He was subsequently either 'defended' as a sympathizer (Luke), explicitly 'converted' (Matthew, John), or suppressed by 'harmonizing' commentators. Both Crossan's argument that Mark created his Joseph ex nihilo to solve the problem of the loss of Jesus' body, and Brown's argument that the pious Joseph must have subsequently become a believer, are considered and rejected. It is suggested that Mark found Joseph's name in earlier tradition and retained it because it suited a specific motif, the appearance of exemplary characters who provide a critical contrast to the Markan disciples. The historical Joseph almost certainly lived and died a pious Jew.
The Nazi Quest for an Aryan Jesus
Authors: Head Peter
Published: March 2007

This paper introduces perhaps the most neglected era in the history of the Quest for the historical Jesus. The era is National Socialist Germany and the particular Quest involves the attempt to prove Jesus was not Jewish but rather Aryan. Despite sev eral recent attempts to associate the contemporary Jesus Seminar with such ap proaches, the whole period is largely ignored in the standard works on the history of New Testament scholarship. This paper introduces and describes the most impor tant of the attempts to prove that Jesus was Aryan, that of Walter Grundmann. Important aspects of the general ideological background, as well as the influence of his teacher, Gerhard Kittel are discussed, with a more detailed treatment of the arguments in his Jesus der Galiläer und das Judentum (1940).
Evangelicals and the Quest for the Historical Jesus
Authors: Lamerson Samuel
Published: March 2007

This article deals with historical Jesus studies done by evangelical scholars. The works are divided up into three broad categories: textbooks, construc tive studies and apologetic works. The article asks whether or not one can find good historical scholarship being done in the evangelical community. The results are, as might be expected, mixed. While there is some very good work being done by evangelical Jesus scholars such as N.T. Wright, Scot McKnight and Greg Boyd, there is a fair amount of shoddy scholarship com ing from this camp as well. The article points out both strengths and weak nesses in Jesus research being done by modem evangelicals and ends with suggestions for evangelical Jesus scholars.

Anyone writing so small a book about so great a man must leave something out.

G.K. Chesterton
Drugs and Sexual Assault
Authors: POPE ELENA , SHOULDICE MICHELLE
Published: March 2007

Sexual assault by an acquaintance (date rape) among young women and adolescents is an increasing phenomenon. The use of drugs for the purpose of inducing amnesia and rapid sedation of the victim is becoming more common. The lay press and public Internet sites increasingly contain information regarding these date rape drugs. In contrast, there is very little information in the medical literature regarding this issue. The purpose of this article is to review the major drugs used as date rape drugs as well as to review the modalities of detection for these drugs.
The Return of the Crossroads of Opportunity: The Conceptual Evolution of the Family Health Nurse
Authors: Kesby Sheila G.
Published: March 2007

The launch of the Family Health Nurse (FHN) by the World Health Organization European Office at the International Council of Nursing Centennial Conference in London 1999 is actually a relaunch of an old idea. The Queen’s Institute of District Nursing launched their version of the family nurse in England in 1967. Both the FHN and the family nurse are indicative of the wider perspective of the generalist versus the specialist in a spectrum of nursing care where holistic team working is balanced with the specialist practitioner. The beginning point is the needs assessment of patients and local populations, which then indicate the nursing contribution to health care and social care delivery. This article tells the story of how community nursing in Britain has developed from the mid-1960s when it was opposed to the family nurse. The situation is now very much changed with strong indications that the time is not only right for the FHN, but it is imperative that it be introduced right away. This will enable nurses to take up the opportunities presented by current health policy in such a way as to match their professional development with the preservation of the nursing remit for the benefit of patients and the community.
Home or Hospital Care: An Economic Debate of Health Care Delivery Sites for Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: O’Brien Lyn , Nelson Carl W.
Published: March 2007

The rising cost of health care in the United States has heavily influenced public policy debates for the past several years. It is necessary to reevaluate our health care delivery system and look for options that ensure that our older citizens have continued access to high-quality health care services. Advocates of health care delivery in the home have emphasized the need for policy to enhance the use of home care as a less expensive alternative to hospitalization. This article discusses the hidden, unforeseen, and otherwise underreported costs of the delivery of health care both at home and in the hospital for elders with acute health care needs. A detailed analysis of these factors is necessary to make the appropriate conclusions and to advise our legislators as to the most efficient option(s) for health care delivery in the United States.
The Flammability of Coated Apparel Fabrics
Authors: Abbott N.J.
Published: March 2007

The trend is to protect the consumer from undue hazard in all kinds of apparel. This article discusses four flammability tests for coated fabrics: The standard 45° test, AATCC Method 33, vertical test for children's sleepwear, horizontal burning test for automotive upholstery, and limiting oxygen index test. Test results showed that additives incorpo rated in the film play an extremely important role in the flammability of a coated fabric.
Improving the Process for Treating Cotton Fabrics with Crosslinked Polyols
Authors: Bruno Joseph S. , Vigo Tyrone L. , Turner John
Published: March 2007

Addition of NaCl to pad bath solutions contaimng polyethylene gly col (50% PEG-1,000), crosslinking resm (11% DMDHEU) and mixed acid catalysts (3.3% MgCl2 · 6H 2O/citric acid) substantially mcreased the add-on of 100% cotton fabrics (compared to fabrics treated with solutions without salt) when they were dried and cured. Fabrics comprised of synthetic fibers (e.g., polypropylene) and cot ton blend fabrics containing 50% or more of synthetic fibers had only slightly higher weight gains when salt was in the pad bath solution. Concentrations of added NaCl were varied from 1 to 10% by weight and molar ratios of mixed acid catalysts were varied from 10/1 to 1/1 (MgCl2 · 6H2O/citric acid). Concentrations of added NaCl and mixed catalyst ratios to obtain highest weight gams in the cotton fabrics were 5% and 5/1, respectively. Higher weight gains for cellulosic fabrics are attributed to reduction in penetration of the DMDHEU into the fiber due to an increase in the viscosity of the polyol solutions when NaCl is present, thus permitting optimum reaction of resin with the polyol at the fiber surface. The mode of action of the NaCl is also briefly discussed in relation to hypotheses that are consistent with fundamen tal polymer and physical chemistry.
Excellence in Automatic Dies
Authors: Keller Rick
Published: March 2007

Comparing automatic die systems can be very confusing. Over the past several years many different types of automatic die lip adjusting systems have en tered the market, some perform very well and some perform poorly. Often when evaluating a system, excessive attention is paid to the gauge, computer controller, CIM capability of the system, management report capability and the like, however, the die system is frequently assumed to be adequate and functional After the system is installed the processor often realizes that the automatic die control system is inade quate for the task. For these reasons, we often hear of automatic dies referred to as the "Edsel" of the 80s. It is the purpose of this paper to provide the converter with a sound theoretical basis for comparison of automatic die systems. Ultimately he will be able to choose an automatic die system that will achieve excellence and provide optimum payback for his investment.
Long Term Behavior Characterization of Coated Fabrics for Architecture Membrane under Biaxial Loading
Authors: Mailler P. , Nemoz G. , Hamelin P.
Published: March 2007

Amongst numerous families of composite materials, soft composites associating thermo-plastic matrix with textile reinforcement are used particularly in civil engineering and building construction in the shape of tensile membranes. To give an answer to the permanent use of these structures, it is necessary to know stiffness and failure behavior of those materials, and also to apprehend their long term behavior under combined prompting. So we must develop experimental char acterization technics and rheological models taking into account the specificities of these materials and their long term behaviors.
Technology Gains of Reactive Urethane Hot Melts for Textiles
Authors: David Fred E. , Fromwiller John K.
Published: March 2007

A brief overview of the chemistry of these products and what makes them different from their thermoplastic and solvent based counterparts. We will dis cuss the recent history of reactive urethane hot melts adhesives during their introduc tion to the American textile industry and the shortcomings that were exposed as a result. Our industry's needs have driven the development of new systems that will have far reaching effects in many sectors. Performance and processing advancements have led to ultraviolet stable and flame retardant systems. Among other areas high lighted are: hydrolytically stable products to better handle sterilization, low applica tion temperature products for films, and temperature sensitive substrates.
Guns in the Ballot Box
Authors: JOSLYN MARK R. , HAIDER-MARKEL DONALD P.
Published: March 2007

This article examines the extent to which a change in the information environment affected opinion of a recent gun safety ballot initiative in Washington. Through content analysis of newspaper stories and documentation of expenditures of competing interests, the authors are able to detect a discernable shift in the information environment during the final weeks of the campaign. Support for the initiative dropped appreciably concurrent with this shift. The authors are able to show that the altered information context (a) generated the greatest change among the most politically aware respondents and (b) sustained this effect within specific partisan classifications. Although previous research investigates analogous behavioral dynamics in a variety of political settings, this analysis differs in application to ballot initiative campaigns. The authors discuss the implications of their findings in terms of direct democracy campaigns and conclude that influence of competing interests are central to the nature and outcome of the election.
Judicial Retirement Strategies
Authors: NIXON DAVID C. , HASKIN J. DAVID
Published: March 2007

If judges are politically strategic, they may try to retire at times that maximize the chances that an ideologically compatible successor will be appointed. Using biographical data on all appellate judges who have retired since 1892, a heteroscedastic panel probit model is used to examine retirement timing as a function of personal and political factors. We determine whether retirement from the bench can be explained exclusively by personal factors such as salary, pension, and workload, or if political considerations enter into the decision. The data reveal that retirement decisions are affected primarily by nonpolitical considerations, but presidential elections may factor into a judge's decision. The only important strategic political consideration in evidence is whether a judge contemplating retirement faces an opposing party president and how far off that president's next election is.