bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defective endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts and bioenergetics in SEPN1-related myopathy
Authors: Filipe Anne , Chernorudskiy Alexander , Arbogast Sandrine , Varone Ersilia , Villar-Quiles Rocío-Nur , Pozzer Diego , Moulin Maryline , Fumagalli Stefano , Cabet Eva , Dudhal Swati , De Simoni Maria-Grazia , Denis Raphaël , Vadrot Nathalie , Dill Corinne , Giovarelli Matteo , Szweda Luke , De Palma Clara , Pinton Paolo , Giorgi Carlotta , Viscomi Carlo , Clementi Emilio , Missiroli Sonia , Boncompagni Simona , Zito Ester , Ferreiro Ana
Published: July 2020

SEPN1-related myopathy (SEPN1-RM) is a muscle disorder due to mutations of the SEPN1 gene, which is characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue leading to scoliosis and life-threatening respiratory failure. Core lesions, focal areas of mitochondria depletion in skeletal muscle fibers, are the most common histopathological lesion. SEPN1-RM underlying mechanisms and the precise role of SEPN1 in muscle remained incompletely understood, hindering the development of biomarkers and therapies for this untreatable disease. To investigate the pathophysiological pathways in SEPN1-RM, we performed metabolic studies, calcium and ATP measurements, super-resolution and electron microscopy on in vivo and in vitro models of SEPN1 deficiency as well as muscle biopsies from SEPN1-RM patients. Mouse models of SEPN1 deficiency showed marked alterations in mitochondrial physiology and energy metabolism, suggesting that SEPN1 controls mitochondrial bioenergetics. Moreover, we found that SEPN1 was enriched at the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), and was needed for calcium transients between ER and mitochondria, as well as for the integrity of ER-mitochondria contacts. Consistently, loss of SEPN1 in patients was associated with alterations in body composition which correlated with the severity of muscle weakness, and with impaired ER-mitochondria contacts and low ATP levels. Our results indicate a role of SEPN1 as a novel MAM protein involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics. They also identify a systemic bioenergetic component in SEPN1-RM and establish mitochondria as a novel therapeutic target. This role of SEPN1 contributes to explain the fatigue and core lesions in skeletal muscle as well as the body composition abnormalities identified as part of the SEPN1-RM phenotype. Finally, these results point out to an unrecognized interplay between mitochondrial bioenergetics and ER homeostasis in skeletal muscle. They could therefore pave the way to the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic drugs for SEPN1-RM and for other disorders in which muscle ER-mitochondria cross-talk are impaired.
Antiviral immunity and nucleic acid sensing in haematopoietic stem cell gene engineering
Authors: Piras Francesco , Kajaste-Rudnitski Anna
Published: July 2020

The low gene manipulation efficiency of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) remains a major hurdle for sustainable and broad clinical application of innovative therapies for a wide range of disorders. Given that all current and emerging gene transfer and editing technologies are bound to expose HSPC to exogenous nucleic acids and most often also to viral vectors, we reason that host antiviral factors and nucleic acid sensors play a pivotal role in the efficacy of HSPC genetic manipulation. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of vector–host interactions and innate immunity in HSPC upon gene engineering and discuss how dissecting this crosstalk can guide the development of more stealth and efficient gene therapy approaches in the future.
Neural circuits in the mouse retina support color vision in the upper visual field
Authors: Szatko Klaudia P. , Korympidou Maria M. , Ran Yanli , Berens Philipp , Dalkara Deniz , Schubert Timm , Euler Thomas , Franke Katrin
Published: July 2020

Color vision is essential for an animal’s survival. It starts in the retina, where signals from different photoreceptor types are locally compared by neural circuits. Mice, like most mammals, are dichromatic with two cone types. They can discriminate colors only in their upper visual field. In the corresponding ventral retina, however, most cones display the same spectral preference, thereby presumably impairing spectral comparisons. In this study, we systematically investigated the retinal circuits underlying mouse color vision by recording light responses from cones, bipolar and ganglion cells. Surprisingly, most color-opponent cells are located in the ventral retina, with rod photoreceptors likely being involved. Here, the complexity of chromatic processing increases from cones towards the retinal output, where non-linear center-surround interactions create specific color-opponent output channels to the brain. This suggests that neural circuits in the mouse retina are tuned to extract color from the upper visual field, aiding robust detection of predators and ensuring the animal’s survival.
Deep learning for genomics using Janggu
Authors: Kopp Wolfgang , Monti Remo , Tamburrini Annalaura , Ohler Uwe , Akalin Altuna
Published: July 2020

In recent years, numerous applications have demonstrated the potential of deep learning for an improved understanding of biological processes. However, most deep learning tools developed so far are designed to address a specific question on a fixed dataset and/or by a fixed model architecture. Here we present Janggu, a python library facilitates deep learning for genomics applications, aiming to ease data acquisition and model evaluation. Among its key features are special dataset objects, which form a unified and flexible data acquisition and pre-processing framework for genomics data that enables streamlining of future research applications through reusable components. Through a numpy-like interface, these dataset objects are directly compatible with popular deep learning libraries, including keras or pytorch. Janggu offers the possibility to visualize predictions as genomic tracks or by exporting them to the bigWig format as well as utilities for keras-based models. We illustrate the functionality of Janggu on several deep learning genomics applications. First, we evaluate different model topologies for the task of predicting binding sites for the transcription factor JunD. Second, we demonstrate the framework on published models for predicting chromatin effects. Third, we show that promoter usage measured by CAGE can be predicted using DNase hypersensitivity, histone modifications and DNA sequence features. We improve the performance of these models due to a novel feature in Janggu that allows us to include high-order sequence features. We believe that Janggu will help to significantly reduce repetitive programming overhead for deep learning applications in genomics, and will enable computational biologists to rapidly assess biological hypotheses.
Brain meta-state transitions demarcate thoughts across task contexts exposing the mental noise of trait neuroticism
Authors: Tseng Julie , Poppenk Jordan
Published: July 2020

Researchers have observed large-scale neural meta-state transitions that align to narrative events during movie-viewing. However, group or training-derived priors have been needed to detect them. Here, we introduce methods to sample transitions without any priors. Transitions detected by our methods predict narrative events, are similar across task and rest, and are correlated with activation of regions associated with spontaneous thought. Based on the centrality of semantics to thought, we argue these transitions serve as general, implicit neurobiological markers of new thoughts, and that their frequency, which is stable across contexts, approximates participants’ mentation rate. By enabling observation of idiosyncratic transitions, our approach supports many applications, including phenomenological access to the black box of resting cognition. To illustrate the utility of this access, we regress resting fMRI transition rate and movie-viewing transition conformity against trait neuroticism, thereby providing a first neural confirmation of mental noise theory.
Non-monotonic pressure dependence of high-field nematicity and magnetism in CeRhIn5
Authors: Helm Toni , Grockowiak Audrey D. , Balakirev Fedor F. , Singleton John , Betts Jonathan B. , Shirer Kent R. , König Markus , Förster Tobias , Bauer Eric D. , Ronning Filip , Tozer Stanley W. , Moll Philip J. W.
Published: July 2020

CeRhIn5 provides a textbook example of quantum criticality in a heavy fermion system: Pressure suppresses local-moment antiferromagnetic (AFM) order and induces superconductivity in a dome around the associated quantum critical point (QCP) near pc ≈ 23 kbar. Strong magnetic fields also suppress the AFM order at a field-induced QCP at Bc ≈ 50 T. In its vicinity, a nematic phase at B* ≈ 28 T characterized by a large in-plane resistivity anisotropy emerges. Here, we directly investigate the interrelation between these phenomena via magnetoresistivity measurements under high pressure. As pressure increases, the nematic transition shifts to higher fields, until it vanishes just below pc. While pressure suppresses magnetic order in zero field as pc is approached, we find magnetism to strengthen under strong magnetic fields due to suppression of the Kondo effect. We reveal a strongly non-mean-field-like phase diagram, much richer than the common local-moment description of CeRhIn5 would suggest.
Non-affinity in multi-material mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Mirzaali M. J. , Pahlavani H. , Yarali E. , Zadpoor A. A.
Published: July 2020

Non-affine deformations enable mechanical metamaterials to achieve their unusual properties while imposing implications for their structural integrity. The presence of multiple phases with different mechanical properties results in additional non-affinity of the deformations, a phenomenon that has never been studied before in the area of extremal mechanical metamaterials. Here, we studied the degree of non-affinity, $$\Gamma $$Γ, resulting from the random substitution of a fraction of the struts,$${\rho }_{h}$$ρh, that make up a lattice structure and are printed using a soft material (elastic modulus = $${E}_{s}$$Es) by those printed using a hard material ($${E}_{h}$$Eh). Depending on the unit cell angle (i.e., $$\theta $$θ = 60°, 90°, or 120°), the lattice structures exhibited negative, near-zero, or positive values of the Poisson’s ratio, respectively. We found that the auxetic structures exhibit the highest levels of non-affinity, followed by the structures with positive and near-zero values of the Poisson’s ratio. We also observed an increase in $$\Gamma $$Γ with $$\frac{{E}_{h}}{{E}_{s}}$$EhEs and $${\rho }_{h}$$ρh until $$\frac{{E}_{h}}{{E}_{s}}$$EhEs =104 and $${\rho }_{h}$$ρh= 75%-90% after which $$\Gamma $$Γ saturated. The dependency of $$\Gamma $$Γ upon $${\rho }_{h}$$ρh was therefore found to be highly asymmetric. The positive and negative values of the Poisson’s ratio were strongly correlated with $$\Gamma $$Γ. Interestingly, achieving extremely high or extremely low values of the Poisson’s ratio required highly affine deformations. In conclusion, our results clearly show the importance of considering non-affinity when trying to achieve a specific set of mechanical properties and underscore the structural integrity implications in multi-material mechanical metamaterials.
A 3D engineered scaffold for hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell co-culture in vitro
Authors: Zhou Dezhi , Chen Lidan , Ding Jinju , Zhang Xiuxiu , Nie Zhenguo , Li Xinda , Yang Bin , Xu Tao
Published: July 2020

Proliferation of HPSCs in vitro can promote its broad clinical therapeutic use. For in vitro co-culture, interaction between the stem cell and feeder cell as well as their spatial position are essential. To imitate the natural microenvironment, a 3D engineered scaffold for CD34+ cells co-culture was established via 3D bioprinting. Herein, the concentration of hydrogel and the ratio of two kinds of cells were optimized. Flow cytometry, real time PCR and RNA-seq technology were applied to analyze the effect of the engineered scaffold on expanded cells. After 10 days co-culture with the engineered scaffold, the expansion of CD34+CD38− cells can reach 33.57-folds and the expansion of CD34+CD184+ cells can reach 16.66-folds. Result of PCR and RNA-seq indicates that the CD34+ cells in 3D group exhibited a tendency of interaction with the engineered scaffold. Compared to 2D co-culture, this customizable 3D engineered scaffold can provide an original and integrated environment for HPSCs growth. Additionally, this scaffold can be modified for different cell co-culture or cell behavior study.
Peptides based on the reactive center loop of Manduca sexta serpin-3 block its protease inhibitory function
Authors: Li Miao , Takahashi Daisuke , Kanost Michael R.
Published: July 2020

One innate immune response in insects is the proteolytic activation of hemolymph prophenoloxidase (proPO), regulated by protease inhibitors called serpins. In the inhibition reaction of serpins, a protease cleaves a peptide bond in a solvent-exposed reactive center loop (RCL) of the serpin, and the serpin undergoes a conformational change, incorporating the amino-terminal segment of the RCL into serpin β-sheet A as a new strand. This results in an irreversible inhibitory complex of the serpin with the protease. We synthesized four peptides with sequences from the hinge region in the RCL of Manduca sexta serpin-3 and found they were able to block serpin-3 inhibitory activity, resulting in suppression of inhibitory protease-serpin complex formation. An RCL-derived peptide with the sequence Ser-Val-Ala-Phe-Ser (SVAFS) displayed robust blocking activity against serpin-3. Addition of acetyl-SVAFS-amide to hemolymph led to unregulated proPO activation. Serpin-3 associated with Ac-SVAFS-COO− had an altered circular dichroism spectrum and enhanced thermal resistance to change in secondary structure, indicating that these two molecules formed a binary complex, most likely by insertion of the peptide into β-sheet A. The interference of RCL-derived peptides with serpin activity may lead to new possibilities of “silencing” arthropod serpins with unknown functions for investigation of their physiological roles.
Mapping intracellular thermal response of cancer cells to magnetic hyperthermia treatment
Authors: Silva Pedro L. , Savchuk Oleksandr A. , Gallo Juan , García-Hevia Lorena , Bañobre-López Manuel , Nieder Jana B.
Published: July 2020

Nanothermometer for in vitro magnetic hyperthermia applications based on the fluorescence lifetime of GFP.
A microwell array structured surface plasmon resonance imaging gold chip for high-performance label-free immunoassay
Authors: Mei Yihong , Li Ling , Chen Nan , Zhong Changyin , Hu Weihua
Published: July 2020

A microwell-structured SPRi chip with high intrinsic sensitivity and high contrast imaging is reported.
Correction: A liquid-crystal-based immunosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I
Authors: Xia Chunli , Zhou Dong , Su Yueming , Zhou Guangkai , Yao Lishuang , Sun Weimin , Liu Yongjun
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘A liquid-crystal-based immunosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I’ by Chunli Xia et al., Analyst, 2020, 145, 4569–4575, DOI: 10.1039/D0AN00425A.
Unusual cyanide and methyl binding modes at a dicobalt macrocycle following acetonitrile C–C bond activation
Authors: Spentzos Ariana Z. , Gau Michael R. , Carroll Patrick J. , Tomson Neil C.
Published: July 2020

We report the C–C bond cleavage of acetonitrile and subsequent fragment trapping by a dicobalt macrocycle to yield rare binding modes of methyl and cyanide.
Signatures of technetium oxidation states: a new approach
Authors: Bauters Stephen , Scheinost Andreas C. , Schmeide Katja , Weiss Stephan , Dardenne Kathy , Rothe Jörg , Mayordomo Natalia , Steudtner Robin , Stumpf Thorsten , Abram Ulrich , Butorin Sergei M. , Kvashnina Kristina O.
Published: July 2020

A general strategy for the determination of Tc oxidation state by a new approach involving X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) at the Tc L3edge is shown.
High-throughput characterisation of supramolecular gelation processes using a combination of optical density, fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption measurements
Authors: White Lisa J. , Wark Catherine , Croucher Lorraine , Draper Emily R. , Hiscock Jennifer R.
Published: July 2020

A toolkit to enable the study of self-associated fibre formation within supramolecular gels/gelatinous precipitates, an accessible addition to traditional techniques.
Growth of faceted pores in a multi-component crystal by applying mechanical stress
Authors: Redkov Alexey V. , Kukushkin Sergey A. , Osipov Andrey V.
Published: July 2020

The theory for controllable growth of pores in a multicomponent crystal using mechanical stress is proposed.
Distance measurements between carbon and bromine using a split-pulse PM-RESPDOR solid-state NMR experiment
Authors: Makrinich M. , Sambol M. , Goldbourt A.
Published: July 2020

Accurate inter-atomic distances between carbon and bromine can be measured in immobilized samples using a split-PM-RESPDOR solid state NMR experiment.
Identification of host–guest systems in green TADF-based OLEDs with energy level matching based on a machine-learning study
Authors: Lee Min-Hsuan
Published: July 2020

Machine-learning algorithms were used to quantify TADF-based OLED performance and obtain a relationship between a TADF-based OLED device and its efficiency.
Titanicone-derived TiO2 quantum dot@carbon encapsulated ZnO nanorod anodes for stable lithium storage
Authors: Fang Jia-Bin , Liu Chang , Zi Tao-Qing , Cao Yan-Qiang , Wu Di , Li Ai-Dong
Published: July 2020

A TiO2 quantum dot (QD)@carbon nanocomposite layer is derived from molecular layer deposited (MLD) titanicone. Uniquely structured TiO2 QD@carbon@ZnO nanorod (NR) anodes exhibit stable lithium-ion storage properties.
Imidazole-directed fabrication of three polyoxovanadate-based copper frameworks as efficient catalysts for constructing C–N bonds
Authors: Huang Xianqiang , Qi Yuquan , Gu Yuxiao , Gong Shuwen , Shen Guodong , Li Qiang , Li Jikun
Published: July 2020

Three polyoxovanadate-based copper frameworks with 3D, 2D and 1D networks have been developed and they displayed efficient heterogeneous catalytic activities in the Chan-Lam reaction.
Heterometallic Ag2Ti10 and Ag4Ti8-oxo clusters with different silver doping models: synthesis, structure, and theoretical studies
Authors: Hou Simin , Li Qiaohong , Ding Qing-Rong , Kang Yao , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2020

Heterometal–oxo Ag2Ti10 and Ag4Ti8 clusters were reported, with the Ag atoms embedded inside the Ti–O core and exposed to the cluster surface, respectively.
Dehydrochlorination of PVC in multi-layered blisterpacks using ionic liquids
Authors: Oster Kamil , Tedstone Aleksander , Greer Adam J. , Budgen Nigel , Garforth Arthur , Hardacre Christopher
Published: July 2020

Ionic liquids were shown to have a potential for simultaneous separation and recycling of plastics from multicomponent waste streams.
Life cycle based alternatives assessment (LCAA) for chemical substitution
Authors: Fantke Peter , Huang Lei , Overcash Michael , Griffing Evan , Jolliet Olivier
Published: July 2020

We developed a Life Cycle based Alternatives Assessment (LCAA) framework for efficiently including quantitative exposure and life cycle impacts in chemical substitution studies.
Electrohydrodimerization of biomass-derived furfural generates a jet fuel precursor
Authors: Shang Xiao , Yang Yang , Sun Yujie
Published: July 2020

A catalyst-free electrohydrodimerization route is developed to convert biomass-derived furfural to a jet fuel precursor, hydrofuroin, with high yield and excellent Faradaic efficiency in both batch and flow electrolyzers.
Pickering emulsions of alumina nanoparticles and bola-type selenium surfactant yield a fully recyclable aqueous phase
Authors: Yu Shijie , Zhang Haojie , Jiang Jianzhong , Cui Zhenggang , Xia Wenshui , Binks Bernard P.
Published: July 2020

We report a redox-responsive Pickering emulsion stabilized by a selenium-based surfactant and alumina nanoparticles, in which separation of oil phase without residual surfactant and recycling of the Pickering emulsifiers from aqueous phase is possible after demulsification.
Recognition and location of motile microorganisms by shape-matching photoluminescence micropatterns
Authors: Su Meng , Huang Zhandong , Liu Jing , Li Yifan , Pan Qi , Zhang Zeying , Li Zheng , Cai Zheren , Chen Bingda , Chen Shuoran , Li Fengyu , Song Yanlin
Published: July 2020

A method is proposed to recognize and locate motile microorganisms at the microscale. Printed photoluminescence patterns have the character of shape matching and uniform light guiding, which prompt the microscale artificial selection and location.
Metal–metal bond distances and bond orders in dimanganese complexes with bidentate ligands: scope for some very short Mn–Mn bonds
Authors: Hujon Fitzerald , Duncan Lyngdoh R. H. , King R. Bruce
Published: July 2020

“Super-short” Mn–Mn bonds are reported here, the shortest Mn–Mn bond lengths reported so far in any study.
Design, synthesis, structure, and photophysical features of highly emissive cinnamic derivatives
Authors: Paolino Marco , Reale Annalisa , Razzano Vincenzo , Giorgi Gianluca , Giuliani Germano , Villafiorita-Monteleone Francesca , Botta Chiara , Coppola Carmen , Sinicropi Adalgisa , Cappelli Andrea
Published: July 2020

New cinnamic derivatives 1a–c were designed starting from the chromophores working in polybenzofulvene derivatives poly-6-DMFL-BF3k, poly-6-MCBZ-BF3k, and poly-6-TPA-BF3k endowed with outstanding optoelectronic performances.
Identification of the Miller indices of a crystallographic plane: a tutorial and a comprehensive review on fundamental theory, universal methods based on different case studies and matters needing attention
Authors: Sun Shaodong , Zhang Xiaochuan , Cui Jie , Liang Shuhua
Published: July 2020

A tutorial review on the identification of the Miller indices of a crystallographic plane is presented, which will be a beneficial theoretical reference for beginners focusing on the facet-dependent investigation of micro-/nanocrystals.
Interfacial nanomechanical heterogeneity of the E. coli biofilm matrix
Authors: Kreis Christian Titus , Sullan Ruby May A.
Published: July 2020

Quantitative imaging correlates high-resolution structure and nanomechanics of the biofilm interface.
Regenerated and rotation-induced cellulose-wrapped oriented CNT fibers for wearable multifunctional sensors
Authors: Jing Changfei , Liu Weihua , Hao Huali , Wang Huagao , Meng Fanbin , Lau Denvid
Published: July 2020

Recently, wearable multifunctional fibers have attracted widespread attention due to their applications in wearable smart textiles.
Uniform hybrid nanoribbons from unidirectional inclusion crystallization controlled by size-amphiphilic block copolymers
Authors: Wen Tao , Zheng Zhao , Qiu Lu , Yuan Jun , Yin Panchao
Published: July 2020

We suggest a unique approach to control the growth of hybrid crystals of silicotungstic acid by size-amphiphilic block copolymers.
Syntheses of polynorbornadienes by ring-opening metathesis polymerizations of symmetric and non-symmetric 2,3-bis(alkoxycarbonyl)norbornadienes and their conversion to half-ester derivatives
Authors: Shi Jianjun , Hayashishita Yuki , Takata Toshikazu , Nishihara Yasushi , Niwayama Satomi
Published: July 2020

Polymer libraries were synthesized in good yields from half-esters efficiently prepared by the selective monohydrolysis of symmetric diesters we reported.
Synthesis of terpyridine-containing polycarbonates with post polymerization providing water-soluble and micellar polymers and their metal complexes
Authors: Bhat Gulzar A. , Rashad Ahmed Z. , Darensbourg Donald J.
Published: July 2020

Carbon dioxide based polymers synthesized from the metal-catalysed copolymeriation of epoxides and CO2 containing the terpyridine ligand as an end group are reported.
Synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfamides and polysulfamides via SuFEx click chemistry
Authors: Kulow Ryan W. , Wu Jiun Wei , Kim Cheoljae , Michaudel Quentin
Published: July 2020

A general, practical, and efficient synthesis of N,N′-disubstituted sulfamides has been developed and applied to the preparation of polysulfamides, a virtually unknown class of polymers.
Genetically encoded selective cross-linkers and emerging applications
Authors: Ren Haiyan
Published: July 2020

There has been a large amount of interest in the development of genetically encoded cross-linkers that target functional groups naturally present in cells. Recently, a new class of unnatural amino acids that specifically react with target residues were developed and genetically incorporated. The selective reaction shows higher cross-linking efficiency, lower background and predictable cross-linking sites. It has been applied to enhance protein/peptide stability, pinpoint protein–protein interactions, stabilize protein complexes, engineer covalent protein inhibitors, identify phosphatases in living cells, etc. These new covalent linkages provide excellent new tools for protein engineering and biological studies. Their applications in biotherapy will provide considerable opportunities for innovating and improving biomolecular medicines.
The residence-time of Jovian electrons in the inner heliosphere
Authors: Vogt A. , Engelbrecht N. E. , Strauss R. D. , Heber B. , Kopp A. , Herbst K.
Published: July 2020

Context. Jovian electrons serve an important role in test-particle distribution in the inner heliosphere. They have been used extensively in the past to study the (diffusive) transport of cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere. With new limits on the Jovian source function, that is, the particle intensity just outside the Jovian magnetosphere, and a new set of in-situ observations at 1 AU for cases of both good and poor magnetic connection between the source and observer, we revisit some of these earlier simulations.

Aims. We aim to find the optimal numerical set-up that can be used to simulate the propagation of 6 MeV Jovian electrons in the inner heliosphere. Using such a setup, we further aim to study the residence (propagation) times of these particles for different levels of magnetic connection between Jupiter and an observer at Earth (1 AU).

Methods. Using an advanced Jovian electron propagation model based on the stochastic differential equation approach, we calculated the Jovian electron intensity for different model parameters. A comparison with observations leads to an optimal numerical setup, which was then used to calculate the so-called residence (propagation) times of these particles.

Results. Through a comparison with in-situ observations, we were able to derive transport parameters that are appropriate for the study of the propagation of 6 MeV Jovian electrons in the inner heliosphere. Moreover, using these values, we show that the method of calculating the residence time applied in the existing literature is not suited to being interpreted as the propagation time of physical particles. This is due to an incorrect weighting of the probability distribution. We applied a new method, where the results from each pseudo-particle are weighted by its resulting phase-space density (i.e. the number of physical particles that it represents). We thereby obtained more reliable estimates for the propagation time.
Aortenaneurysma: fenestrierte/gebranchte abdominale EVAR (fbEVAR) und fenestrierte/gebranchte thorakale EVAR (fbTEVAR). Ist die komplette endovaskuläre Therapie schon da?
Authors: Mehmedovic Aldin , Konstantinou Nikolaos , Jerkku Thomas , Pichlmaier Maximilian , Kölbel Tilo , Rantner Barbara , Banafsche Ramin , Tsilimparis Nikolaos
Published: July 2020

Fünf Jahre nach der ersten endovaskulären Aortenrekonstruktion (EVAR) berichten Park et al. über die erste Implantation einer fenestrierten Endoprothese. In der Zwischenzeit wurden mehrere fortgeschrittene Generationen von fenestrierten und gebranchten Prothesen entwickelt. Diese können in den meisten Fällen in 2 Gruppen unterteilt werden. Zur 1. Gruppe gehören die „custom-made“-Prothesen, die für elektive Operationen individuell für Patienten mit spezifischer Anatomie hergestellt werden. Eine 2. Gruppe bilden die sog. „off-the-shelf“-Prothesen, die sich durch vom Hersteller vergebene Charakteristika im Sinne von Länge, Breite und Durchmesser auszeichnen und bei allen Prothesen gleich sind. Die offene gefäßchirurgische Therapie der thorakoabdominellen Aortenaneurysmen ist selbst bei elektiven Eingriffen mit relevanter Mortalität und Morbidität assoziiert. Die Entwicklung von endovaskulären Modalitäten wie z. B. fenestrierte oder gebranchte endovaskuläre
Aortenrekonstruktionen (F-EVAR, B-EVAR) ermöglichten die Nutzung weniger invasiver Prozeduren für die Behandlung der komplexen Aortenpathologien sowohl im thorakoabdominalen Abschnitt als auch im Aortenbogen. Eine umfassende Behandlung aller Segmente der Aorta mit endovaskulären Techniken wurde noch nicht vollständig evaluiert. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist die Präsentation eines Überblicks der zurzeit verfügbaren endovaskulären Möglichkeiten der Behandlung von komplexen abdominellen und thorakoabdominellen Aortenaneurysmen, die sowohl eine komplexe thorakale als auch komplexe abdominale Versorgung benötigen.
Erwachsene mit Intelligenzminderung und psychischer Störung respektive problematischem Verhalten: Systemrelevante Strategien zur Reduktion aggressiver Eskalationen
Authors: Wehmeyer Meike , Schweitzer Jochen , Nagy Ede , Gaese Franziska , Nicolai Elisabeth
Published: July 2020

Im Kontext des Praxisforschungsprojekts SYMPA-GB (Systemtherapeutische Methoden in der psychiatrischen Akutversorgung von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung) fokussierte eine Interviewstudie auf die Analyse der Interaktionen im Multi-Helfersystem von Personen mit geistiger Behinderung, die im Heim leben und aufgrund aggressiven Verhaltens gehäuft psychiatrische Dienste in Anspruch nehmen. Eine via Inhaltsanalyse ermittelte Strategiesammlung bündelt das Handlungswissen aller Akteure im Umgang mit herausforderndem Verhalten und unterstreicht die Bedeutung einer (multi-)systemischen Herangehensweise.
Validierung der Skala zur Erfassung von Autismusspektrumstörung bei Minderbegabten (SEAS-M) an einer klinisch-psychiatrischen Stichprobe Erwachsener
Authors: Böhm Julia , Hermann Hauke , Melchers Peter , Sappok Tanja
Published: July 2020

Ziel Untersuchung der diagnostischen Validität der Skala zur Erfassung von Autismusspektrumstörung bei Minderbegabten (SEAS-M).

Methodik Unverblindete Anwendung der SEAS-M in einer klinisch-psychiatrischen Stichprobe Erwachsener mit Intelligenzminderung (IM; N = 109) und Autismusverdacht.

Ergebnisse Sensitivität von 89 %, Spezifität von 62 %, Fläche unter der Kurve (AUC) von 0,83 bei einem Grenzwert von 10. Alter, Geschlecht und Schwere der IM sind ohne Einfluss auf den Gesamtwert. Ausgewogenere diagnostische Validität bei leichter bis mittelgradiger IM (Sensitivität/ Spezifität: 85 %/73 %) als bei schwerer bis schwerster IM (93 %/42 %). Konvergente Validität mit anderen Autismusskalen (r = 0,3–0,6), fehlende Korrelationen (divergente Validität) mit Skalen für Problemverhalten.

Schlussfolgerung Die SEAS-M ist ein Screeninginstrument zur Autismusdiagnostik bei Erwachsenen mit leichter bis mittelgradiger IM, wobei die fehlende Verblindung zu einer Überschätzung der diagnostischen Validität geführt haben kann.
Bumpy Roads Lead to Beautiful Places: The Twists and Turns in Developing a New Class of PN-Heterocycles
Authors: Johnson Darren W. , Haley Michael M. , Bard Jeremy P.
Published: July 2020

The Haley and Johnson labs at the University of Oregon have been collaborating since 2006, combining skillsets in synthetic organic, physical organic, and supramolecular chemistries. This joint project has produced many examples of host molecules that bind anionic guests and give chemical, photophysical, and/or electrical responses. Many of these receptors utilize two-armed arylethynyl backbones that have a variety of hydrogen- or halogen-bonding functional groups appended. However, in attempts to produce a bisamide-containing host using a peptide-coupling protocol with P(OPh)3 present, we isolated something unexpected – a heterocycle containing neighboring P and N atoms. This ‘failed’ reaction turned into a surprisingly robust synthesis of phosphaquinolinones, an unusual class of PN-heterocycles. This Account article tells the rollercoaster story of these heterocycles in our lab. It will highlight our key works to this field, including a suite of fundamental studies of both the original PN-naphthalene moiety, as well as a variety of structural modifications to the arene backbone. It will also discuss the major step forward the project took when we developed a phosphaquinolinone-containing receptor molecule capable of binding HSO4
– selectively, reversibly, and with recyclability. With these findings, the project has gone from hospice care to making a full, robust recovery.

1 Introduction

2 Initial Discovery

3 Setbacks Breathe New Life

4 A New Dynamic Duo Develops Dozens of Derivatives

5 Physicochemical Characterization

5.1 Fluorescence

5.2 Molecular Structures

5.3 Solution Dimerization Studies

6 Applying What We Have Learned

6.1 Development of Supramolecular Host

6.2 Use of PN Moiety as an Impressive Fluorophore

7 Conclusions and Outlook
Synthesis of Peripherally Arylated Tetrathiafulvalenes Extended with an Anthraquinoid Spacer via Pd-Catalyzed C–H Arylation and Construction of a Double-Helical Cobalt-Based Metal-Organic Framework
Authors: Misaki Yohji , Yoshimura Aya , Henmi Keisuke , Kimura Hitoshi , Sakakibara Ryo , Ochi Rika , Shirahata Takashi , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: July 2020

Peripherally arylated tetrathiafulvalenes with an anthraquinoid spacer (TTFAQs) have been synthesized by using palladium-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of the 1,3-dithiole rings. Electrochemical analysis by cyclic voltammetry has revealed that the new tetraarylated TTFAQs show one pair of simultaneous two-electron transfer waves as the parent TTFAQ does. The hydrolysis of the tetra(p-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-substituted derivative affords the corresponding tetracarboxylic acid, which forms a new double-helical metal-organic framework upon complexation with cobalt(III) nitrate.
Catch It If You Can: Copper-Catalyzed (Transfer) Hydrogenation Reactions and Coupling Reactions by Intercepting Reactive Intermediates Thereof
Authors: Teichert Johannes F. , Brechmann Lea T.
Published: July 2020

The key reactive intermediate of copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne semihydrogenations is a vinylcopper(I) complex. This intermediate can be exploited as a starting point for a variety of trapping reactions. In this manner, an alkyne semihydrogenation can be turned into a dihydrogen­-mediated coupling reaction. Therefore, the development of copper-catalyzed (transfer) hydrogenation reactions is closely intertwined with the corresponding reductive trapping reactions. This short review highlights and conceptualizes the results in this area so far, with H2-mediated carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond-forming reactions emerging under both a transfer hydrogenation setting as well as with the direct use of H2. In all cases, highly selective catalysts are required that give rise to atom-economic multicomponent coupling reactions with rapidly rising molecular complexity. The coupling reactions are put into perspective by presenting the corresponding (transfer) hydrogenation processes first.

1 Introduction: H2-Mediated C–C Bond-Forming Reactions

2 Accessing Copper(I) Hydride Complexes as Key Reagents for Coupling Reactions; Requirements for Successful Trapping Reactions

3 Homogeneous Copper-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenations

4 Trapping of Reactive Intermediates of Alkyne Transfer Semi­hydrogenation Reactions: First Steps Towards Hydrogenative Alkyne Functionalizations

5 Copper(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne Semihydrogenations

6 Copper(I)-Catalyzed H2-Mediated Alkyne Functionalizations; Trapping of Reactive Intermediates from Catalytic Hydrogenations

6.1 A Detour: Copper(I)-Catalyzed Allylic Reductions, Catalytic Generation of Hydride Nucleophiles from H2

6.2 Trapping with Allylic Electrophiles: A Copper(I)-Catalyzed Hydro­allylation Reaction of Alkynes

6.3 Trapping with Aryl Iodides

7 Conclusion
Aluminium Splint Incorporated Fibreglass Cast Preserves Limb Function in Bovines with Olecranon Fracture
Authors: Sangwan Vandana , Yadav Ganga P. , Kumar Ashwani
Published: July 2020

Objective Olecranon process fractures are rare in bovines. The aim of the study was to put on record satisfactory limb usage in cattle and buffaloes suffering from olecranon fractures and treated conservatively, primarily for carpal contracture or to prevent it, using aluminum splints incorporated within a fiberglass cast along with stall confinement.

Study Design This one year study included 19 olecranon fractures in bovines (15 buffaloes and 4 cattle). Out of 19, 12 bovines (9 buffaloes and 3 cattle) were treated primarily to manage the associated carpal contracture, using external coaptation of aluminium splints incorporated within a fiberglass cast for 6 to 8 weeks. The owners of the remaining 7 bovines (6 buffaloes and 1 bullock) were only advised to keep their animal in stall-confinement, due to various reasons.

Results Slipping and falling on hard surfaces was the primary aetiology of olecranon fractures (17/19). Most of the fractures (14/19) were presented more than 10 days after a traumatic event, with a mean duration of 24.0 ± 26.6 days. On follow up, all the treated bovines showed satisfactory limb usage whereas all stall-confined buffaloes showed no improvement.

Conclusion Slipping and falling on hard surfaces is a common cause of olecranon fracture in bovines. Olecranon fractures associated carpal contracture can be successfully treated/prevented by applying full limb cast (if possible including elbow) along with aluminum splints leading to satisfactory limb usage in bovines. Further it is concluded that stall confinement alone is insufficient to prevent limb contracture (which usually develops with olecranon fracture in bovines) leading to permanent non-weight bearing disability.
Comparative Cost Analysis of Robotic-Assisted and Jig-Based Manual Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Cotter Eric J. , Wang Jesse , Illgen Richard L.
Published: July 2020

Excellent durability with traditional jig-based manual total knee arthroplasty (mTKA) has been noted, but substantial rates of dissatisfaction remain. Robotic-assisted TKA (raTKA) was introduced to improve clinical outcomes, but associated costs have not been well studied. The purpose of our study is to compare 90-day episode-of-care (EOC) costs for mTKA and raTKA. A retrospective review of an institutional database from 4/2015 to 9/2017 identified consecutive mTKAs and raTKAs using a single implant system performed by one surgeon. The raTKA platform became available at our institution in October 2016. Prior to this date, all TKAs were performed with mTKA technique. After this date, all TKAs were performed using robotic-assistance without exception. Sequential cases were included for both mTKA and raTKA with no patients excluded. Clinical and financial data were obtained from medical and billing records. Ninety-day EOC costs were compared. Statistical analysis was performed by departmental statistician. One hundred and thirty nine mTKAs and 147 raTKAs were identified. No significant differences in patient characteristics were noted. Total intraoperative costs were higher ($10,295.17 vs. 9,998.78, respectively, p < 0.001) and inpatient costs were lower ($3,893.90 vs. 5,587.40, respectively, p < 0.001) comparing raTKA and mTKA. Length of stay (LOS) was reduced 25% (1.2 vs. 1.6 days, respectively, p < 0.0001) and prescribed opioids were reduced 57% (984.2 versus 2240.4 morphine milligram equivalents, respectively, p < 0.0001) comparing raTKA with mTKA. Ninety-day EOC costs were $2,090.70 lower for raTKA compared with mTKA ($15,629.94 vs. 17,720.64, respectively; p < 0.001). The higher intraoperative costs associated with raTKA were offset by greater savings in postoperative costs for the 90-day EOC compared with mTKA. Higher intraoperative costs were driven by the cost of the robot, maintenance fees, and robot-specific disposables. Cost savings with raTKA were primarily driven by reduced instrument pan reprocessing fees, shorter LOS, and reduced prescribed opioids compared with mTKA technique. raTKA demonstrated improved value compared with mTKA based on significantly lower average 90-day EOC costs and superior quality exemplified by reduced LOS, less postoperative opioid requirements, and reduced postdischarge resource utilization.
Multiorgan Involvement in COVID-19 and Possible Therapies
Authors: Sathe Prachee , Singh Vijay Sundar
Published: July 2020

In late 2019, China reported cases of respiratory illness in humans, which involved a novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (also known as 2019-nCoV). The World Health Organization (WHO) termed the disease COVID-19 (i.e., Coronavirus disease 2019). Most of the morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 is largely due to acute viral pneumonitis that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This article will discuss the clinical features of the multiorgan involvement in COVID-19 as well as the management of patients who become critically ill due to COVID-19.
Detection of chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes on hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Gao Qiang , Chen Jiajun , Lyu Bosai , Deng Aolin , Wang Lele , Wu Tongyao , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shi Zhiwen
Published: July 2020

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) has attracted widespread attention for its unique one-dimensional atomic structure and outstanding physical and chemical properties. For both fundamental research and practical applications, it is critical to figure out the chirality of SWNT because the electronic band structure and the consequent electrical and optical properties are determined by its chirality. Here, we found that the chirality of SWNT on an insulating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate can be obtained in a quick and concise manner through measuring the aligning direction and the diameter of SWNT. Additionally, Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy is conducted to confirm the obtained chirality. The developed technique for direct detection of chirality of SWNT on an insulating h-BN substrate could advance the study of chirality-dependent functional SWNT devices and the applications of SWNT related to chirality.
Evidence for laser-induced homogeneous oriented ice nucleation revealed via pulsed x-ray diffraction
Authors: Nevo Iftach , Jahn Sabrina , Kretzschmar Norman , Levantino Matteo , Feldman Yishay , Naftali Nir , Wulff Michael , Oron Dan , Leiserowitz Leslie
Published: July 2020

The induction of homogeneous and oriented ice nucleation has to date not been achieved. Here, we report induced nucleation of ice from millimeter sized supercooled water drops illuminated by ns-optical laser pulses well below the ionization threshold making use of particular laser beam configurations and polarizations. Employing a 100 ps synchrotron x-ray pulse 100 ns after each laser pulse, an unambiguous correlation was observed between the directions and the symmetry of the laser fields and that of the H-bonding arrays of the induced ice crystals. Moreover, an analysis of the x-ray diffraction data indicates that, in the main, the induced nucleation of ice is homogeneous at temperatures well above the observed and predicted values for supercooled water.
Room-temperature photoluminescence and electroluminescence of 1.3-μm-range BGaInAs quantum wells on GaAs substrates
Authors: El-Jaroudi R. H. , McNicholas K. M. , Briggs A. F. , Sifferman S. D. , Nordin L. , Bank S. R.
Published: July 2020

We report the room temperature photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties of boron incorporated into highly strained InGaAs, forming BGaInAs, grown on GaAs substrates. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the alloy composition and strain of BGaInAs quantum wells on GaAs. As expected, the addition of boron reduced the quantum well compressive strain, preventing strain-relaxation and enabling extension of the peak emission wavelength of InGaAs quantum wells to 1.3 μm on GaAs. We also report both the longest wavelength emission observed from BGaInAs (1.4 μm) and electrically injected photoemission from a dilute-boride active region. We observed a blueshift in electroluminescence, due to unintentional in situ annealing of the active region, which we mitigated to demonstrate a path to realize true 1.3 μm emitters in the presence of in situ annealing.
Axially controllable multiple orbital angular momentum beam generator
Authors: Hu Zhi-Yong , Tian Zhen-Nan , Hua Jian-Guan , Chen Qi-Dai , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: July 2020

In recent years, orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams and their generation methods have drawn increasing interest. Generating multiple OAMs in a three-dimensional space simply and efficiently is meaningful and challenging. Herein, we proposed an integrated multi-OAM generator based on the independent controlling phase division. Realized through the two-photon additive manufacturing, the device possesses a continuous surface with a diameter of 100 μm. Using the generator, arbitrary OAM modes were demonstrated, including the axial position, the number of topological charges, and the direction of rotation. The unique optical characteristics were mutually verified experimentally and through simulation. Vortex beams carrying multiple OAMs will provide more degrees of freedom to manipulate light for exciting applications such as optical communications, micromanipulation, and quantum optics.
Spin waves in meander shaped YIG film: Toward 3D magnonics
Authors: Sakharov V. K. , Beginin E. N. , Khivintsev Y. V. , Sadovnikov A. V. , Stognij A. I. , Filimonov Y. A. , Nikitov S. A.
Published: July 2020

We report on the experimental observation of a spin wave (SW) propagation in a magnetic film lying on a developed surface—a three-dimensional (3D) magnonic structure. The 3D magnonic structure was fabricated by deposition of a 180  nm thick yttrium iron garnet film on the patterned substrate with a one-dimensional array of 1.5 μm deep grooves with the period of 20 μm using ion beam sputtering. We experimentally explored SW propagation in such a periodic structure for Bragg and Laue geometries. Transmission characteristics showed that for the Bragg geometry, the examined structure works more like a system of coupled resonators that are formed by the flat segments of the 3D structure, whereas for the Laue geometry, the features related to a formation of width SW modes and to the discrete diffraction of the SW were observed.
On a class of 2D integrable lattice equations
Authors: Ferapontov E. V. , Habibullin I. T. , Kuznetsova M. N. , Novikov V. S.
Published: July 2020

We develop a new approach to the classification of integrable equations of the form uxy=f(u,ux,uy,△zu△z¯u,△zz¯u), where △z and △z¯ are the forward/backward discrete derivatives. The following two-step classification procedure is proposed: (1) First, we require that the dispersionless limit of the equation is integrable, that is, its characteristic variety defines a conformal structure, which is Einstein–Weyl, on every solution. (2) Second, to the candidate equations selected at the previous step, we apply the test of Darboux integrability of reductions obtained by imposing suitable cutoff conditions.