bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of hsa_circ_0061817 Can Inhibit the Proliferation and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells Based on Active Compounds
Authors: Ye Longping , Zhong Youqing , Hu Lihua , Huang Ya , Tang Xiang , Yu Shanjun , Huang Jianxin , Wang Ziyuan , Li Qi , Zhou Xiangdong
Published: September 2022

Objective. This study was aimed at investigating the expression level of hsa_circ_0061817 in lung adenocarcinoma cells and its effect on cell proliferation and invasion and the possible mechanism of hsa_circ_0061817 in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods. The overexpression plasmids of hsa_circ_0061817 (OE-hsacirc_0061817) were transfected into human lung A549 cells and mouse LLC-LUC cells, respectively. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8, and the cell proliferation was detected by cell clone formation assay and EdU assay. Transwell test was used to detect the ability of cell invasion, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. WB was applied to determine the expression of apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) related proteins and also target proteins for observation the effect of OE-hsa_circ_0061817 on the growth of A549 cells in nude mice. Bioinformatics method was used to predict the binding microRNA (miRNA) of hsa_circ_0061817 and construct the regulatory network of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and functional analysis of miRNA target genes. Results. Compared with PLO-ciR group, the cell viability, proliferation, and invasive ability of A549 and LLC-LUC were significantly reduced in OE-hsa_circ_00061817 group, while the apoptosis increased in OE-hsa_circ_00061817 group compared to PLO-ciR group. WB results showed that the expression of caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 9, and E-cadherin increased significantly, while the expression levels of vimentin and N-cadherin decreased severely. Most importantly, OE-hsa_circ_00061817 inhibited the growth of A549 tumor-bearing nude mice. According to TargetScan and mirBase databases, hsa_circ_0061817 may competitively bind hsa_mir-181b-3p, hsa-mir-337-3p, hsa-mir-421, and hsa-mir-548d-3p. The results of functional enrichment showed that miRNA target genes were involved in many cancer-related biological processes, including negative regulation of apoptosis, gene expression, transcriptional imbalance in cancer, transforming growth factor-β, and P53 signal pathway. Conclusions. Over expression of hsa_circ_0061817 inhibits the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 and LLC-LUC cells and may reduce the invasive ability of lung adenocarcinoma cells by weakening the process of EMT, which provides a new target for the prevention and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
Antiulcerogenic and Antibacterial Effects of Chitosan Derivatives on Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats
Authors: Pereira Leudimar Aires , Reis Luizângela da Silva , Mendes Anderson Nogueira , Fernandes Hélio de Barros , Arcanjo Daniel Dias Rufino , Rodrigues Júnior Adalberto Fortes , Sousa Janete Martins , Barreto Humberto Medeiros , Santos Jailson de Araújo , Osajima Josy Anteveli , Silva Filho Edson C.
Published: September 2022

Gastric ulcer is an injury that develops on the lining of the stomach due to an imbalance between aggressive and defensive agents. Chitosan derivatives demonstrate promising biological activities in accelerating the healing activity of gastric lesions. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the healing activity of gastric lesion, induced by acetic acid (80%), of the chitosan derivative with acetylacetone (Cac) modified with ethylenediamine (Cacen) or diethylenetriamine (Cacdien). The biological activity was determined based on cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, and gastroprotective activities. The results showed no significant difference in the cytotoxicity, a better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, and a positive result on the healing of gastric lesions of the materials (Cac 18.4%, Cacen 55.2%, and Cacdien 68.1%) compared to pure chitosan (50.7%). Therefore, the results indicate that derivatives of chitosan are promising biomaterials for application in the control of lesions on the gastric mucosa.
lncRNA MANCR Inhibits NK Cell Killing Effect on Lung Adenocarcinoma by Targeting miRNA-30d-5p
Authors: Lu Yunping , Rao Xiao , Zheng Weifen , Du Yinggan , Xue Jianbo , Huang Kan
Published: September 2022

Background. NK cells are imperative in spontaneous antitumor response of various cancers. Currently, lncRNAs are considered important modulators of the tumor microenvironment. This study investigated the molecular mechanism by which mitotically associated long noncoding RNA (MANCR) controls killing effect of NK cells on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in the tumor microenvironment. Methods. The interplay between MANCR and miRNA-30d-5p was analyzed by bioinformatics. Expression of MANCR mRNA and miRNA-30d-5p was examined using qRT-PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays were utilized to verify the targeted relationship between MANCR and miRNA-30d-5p. To investigate regulation of MANCR/miRNA-30d-5p axis in NK cell killing effect on LUAD cells, western blot tested the protein level of perforin and granzyme B. ELISA determined the level of IFN-γ. CytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay kit was applied for cytotoxicity detection of NK cells. Perforin and granzyme B fluorescence intensity was measured via immunofluorescence, and cell apoptosis levels were also revealed via flow cytometry. Results. MANCR was found to be upregulated, while miRNA-30d-5p expression was downregulated in LUAD tissues. Overexpression of MANCR in LUAD cells significantly reduced NK cell IFN-γ secretion, expression of granzyme B and perforin, and NK cell killing effect. In addition, MANCR could target and downregulate miRNA-30d-5p expression, and miRNA-30d-5p overexpression reversed the inhibition of NK cell killing effect caused by MANCR overexpression. Conclusion. MANCR inhibited the killing effect of NK cells on LUAD via targeting and downregulating miRNA-30d-5p and provided new ideas for antitumor therapy based on tumor microenvironment.
Impact of Visit-to-Visit Triglyceride-Glucose Index Variability on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly
Authors: Chen Fei , Pan Ying , Liu Ziqing , Huang Rong , Wang Jing , Shao Jian , Gong Yaqin , Sun Xiyi , Jiang Xiaobo , Wang Weihao , Li Zhaoqiang , Zhong Shao , Pan Qi , Zhou Kaixin
Published: September 2022

Background. The aging population is increasingly susceptible to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Visit-to-visit variability in glucose and lipid levels both contributed to CVD risk independent of their mean values. However, whether variability in the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a risk factor for CVD remains unknown. Research Design and Methods. In this retrospective study of electronic health records, 27,520 participants aged over 60 years were enrolled. The visit-to-visit variability of TyG index was calculated from annual health examination data and defined as average real variability (ARV), standard deviation (SD), or the coefficient of variability (CV). CVD events were identified from the chronic disease registry or follow-up database and included myocardial infarction, angina, coronary, and stroke. Multivariate Cox regression was used to examine the correlation between TyG variability and incident CVD. Results. Over a median follow-up of 6.2 years, there were 2,178 CVD events. When participants were divided into four quartiles according to their TyG variability, after adjusting for established CVD risk factors, subjects in the top quartile had (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.34,

P
=
0.005

) significantly higher CVD risk than those in the bottom quartile. The association remained significant in overweight individuals or those without diabetes (

P
<
0.005

and

P
<
0.01

, respectively). Conclusions. High variability in TyG was significantly associated with elevated CVD risk in the elderly, independent of average TyG and other risk factors. Close monitoring variability in TyG might be informative to identify old individuals at high risk of CVD.
Numerical Study on the Effects of Regional Groundwater Flow on the Contaminant Migration through an Inactive Supply Well as a Preferential Flow Pathway
Authors: Li Xu , Su Shilin , Guo Qiang , Zhang Haitao , Zhu Qi , Jakada Hamza
Published: September 2022

Preferential flow pathways connect upstream and downstream channels in abandoned mines or seasonally pumping areas. The inactive supply well facilitates contaminant migration between aquifers leading to water quality challenges; it is important to note that the impacts of regional groundwater flow on contaminant migration through pumping wells have not been well elucidated in literature. In the study, we developed a numerical model describing contaminant migration through an inactive supply well that is pumped seasonally influenced by the regional groundwater flow field. The model was developed using the finite-element COMSOL Multiphysics software to estimate the potential threats to water quality. Major findings showed that a larger regional groundwater velocity results in lower concentration of contaminant. In addition, during pumping, a smaller recovery ratio inside the wellbore facilitates the deterioration of water quality in the deep aquifer. Furthermore increasing pumping frequency can effectively prevent contamination and improve the water quality in the deep aquifer. Similarly, higher pumping rate leads to a larger capture zone, which can significantly improve the water quality in the deep aquifer. The general conclusion is that the regional groundwater flow has a negative impact on the quality of groundwater extracted by seasonally pumping well.
[Retracted] Optimization Algorithm for Ideological and Political Curriculum Environment in Colleges Using Data Analysis and Neighborhood Search Operator
Authors: Luo Chaoyuan
Published: September 2022

In the context of the new era, the distinctive function of BD (big data) analysis and prediction also introduces a new way of thinking to university IPE (ideological and political education), broadens the domain of university IPE, and enhances the curricular offerings of IPE universities. In order to enhance the intelligence and personalization of the intelligent teaching system, this paper describes in detail the design and implementation processes for each component of the system. It also uses the association mining rule algorithm of data mining. To maintain population diversity, a population initialization method and a neighborhood‐based search operator are used, both of which are based on a thorough consideration of the characteristics of complex networks. The neighborhood search strategy enhances the local search capability of the TLBO (Teaching‐Learning Based Optimization) algorithm. The optimized TLBO algorithm presented in this paper achieves the highest average modularity value of 0.5238 through testing on real‐world data sets. The outcomes demonstrate that the algorithm performs well and is successful in identifying problems in the community.
Seismic Safety Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Sluice Chamber Structure Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Cai Xin , Cui Zhenming , Guo Xingwen , Li Fan , Zhang Yanan
Published: September 2022

One of the important links in the safety evaluation of sluices is the aseismic safety examination. In order to ensure the daily safe operation of sluices, it is necessary to conduct a normalized aseismic safety examination of sluices, and it is also necessary to study the aseismic safety examination of return sluices. Based on the application of ADINA finite element analysis software, a three-dimensional finite element model of the gate chamber structure is established, and the seismic response of the gate chamber structure is calculated and analyzed by the mode decomposition response spectrum method. The seismic safety of the gate chamber structure is evaluated comprehensively. The results show that 2.00 MPa of tension stress is generated at the junction of the pier and the gate. According to the structural mechanical method, the maximum tensile stress that can be endured is 4.41 MPa, which meets the safety requirements. There is a large tension stress zone between the elevator floor and some parts of the elevator, which far exceeds the standard tension strength value of the concrete moving shaft. Considering the safety, corresponding aseismic reinforcement measures should be taken. The structure of the gate chamber is nonslip and stable, and the safety factor is larger than the standard value of the Gate Design Specification (SL265-2016), which meets the safety requirements. The aseismic safety of the gate chamber structure meets the requirements of the “Standard for Seismic Design of Water Conservancy Buildings” (GB5127-2018), but it has safety defects and the aseismic grade is B.
Surfactant without Endotracheal Tube Intubation (SurE) versus Intubation-Surfactant-Extubation (InSurE) in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Lirong , Zhang Min , Yi Qingfeng
Published: September 2022

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is generally treated with surfactant by intubation-surfactant-extubation (InSurE) technique, an invasive method of surfactant administration. Surfactant without endotracheal tube intubation (SurE) is a noninvasive technique that avoids intubation and has been found to have improved the delivery of exogenous surfactants, thereby decreasing lung damage in neonates. This systematic review aimed to provide insights into the efficacy of SurE over InSurE in neonates who received respiratory support and to evaluate the progression and onset of concurrent diseases after treatment. The CENTRAL, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for data collection. In all, 21 research articles were eligible, comprising 19,976 study participants. The data showed a significant reduction in the composite outcome of stage 2 necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and onset of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus when treated with SurE. The trend towards lower pneumothorax rates with SurE was also evident. These findings were robust due to the sensitivity analyses performed. There were no differences in the outcome of death or rates of other neonatal morbidities. Overall, SurE was identified as a better substitute for InSurE to treat neonates with RDS.
A Fuzzy Ecosystem Benchmarking for Crowdfunding in Transport Sector
Authors: Shukla Gargi Pant , Kumar Santosh , Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Ankit , Chhetri Manoj
Published: September 2022

The global crowdfunding (CF) market was valued at 10.2 billion US$ in 2018 and is expected to almost triple in size by 2025. The CF is evolving as a major and easy source of fundraising methods for various industries. Still, this acceptability is not widely accepted in transportation activities due to various limitations and low awareness among policymakers. The present research analyzes the factors contributing to the growth of market acceptability of CF, divided into three different research phases: identifying barriers from the literature, interviews with transport industry experts at two stages, and designing an ISM model in a fuzzy environment. The identification phase led to selecting 16 factors from the past literature and suggesting industrial experts. The Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) analysis was used to understand the impact and linkage of identified barriers on seven levels of the fuzzy scale. The factors are classified into four major categories based on the fuzzy matrix's drive and dependence power using Fuzzy MICMAC. The sixteen identified growth factors for CF have been distributed in 5 levels in the ISM designed model. All the factors had fallen in only two quadrants of MICMAC based on the fuzzy scale matrix. Except for No or Low in regulation, the selected fifteen factors fall in the linkage quadrant, with high dependency and driving power. Such relation of all variables is the precise reason for storm growth in the field. “No or Low in regulation” is one of the most significant factors to the growth and acceptance of this innovative fundraising method by common investors but cannot be controlled directly by the associated crowdfunding members in the transport industry.
Exploration of the Protective Mechanism of Naringin in the Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Injury by Metabolomics
Authors: Lin Zihan , Wang Guanzhen , Gu Wei , Zhao Shengchao , Shen Ziyi , Liu Wei , Zheng Guodong , Chen Baizhong , Cai Yi , Li Mingxi , Wan Chunpeng (Craig) , Yan Tingdong
Published: September 2022

Naringin is a dihydroflavone which was found in citrus fruits. Previous studies have indicated the antiapoptotic, antioxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory effects of naringin. It can improve many common diseases, including fibrosis or hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a frequently used painkiller, and hepatotoxic side effects limit its use. The purpose of the current examination is to find the impact of naringin on APAP-induced hepatic injury. Firstly, we pretreated mice model groups with naringin. Then, the liver injury model was established by injecting intraperitoneally into mice with APAP. After the mice were euthanized, we obtained serum and liver tissue samples from the mice. Finally, these samples were analyzed using a metabolomics approach to find the underlying mechanism of the effects of naringin on APAP-induced liver injury and provide a new treatment strategy for APAP-induced liver injury. Our data indicate that naringin significantly improves APAP-induced liver injury in mice and reduces the expression levels of liver injury markers in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, analysis of differential metabolites in mice with liver injury showed that naringin reduced APAP-induced hepatotoxicity due to reversing multiple metabolite expression levels and the rescue of energy, amino acid, and purine metabolism.
IoT for Agricultural Information Generation and Recommendation: A Deep Learning-Based Approach
Authors: Wang Huibo , Zhao Yu , Shao Chengzhi
Published: September 2022

Agriculture is the foundation of national economy. Therefore, countries all over the world—developed and developing countries—attach great importance to the sustainable development of agriculture. With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, advance applications are being designed to enhance agricultural economy. With the application of IoT, the production mode of traditional agriculture has been restructured and rationalized. Based on the applications of IoT in agriculture, this paper presents a method to automatically classify and recommend agricultural information. The standard domain-related theories and information service system are exploited to promote IoT technology in the construction of agricultural informatization. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model is used to classify agricultural information based on the vector file generated after preprocessing textual agricultural data. With the clustering method, the influence of unbalanced number of documents in the dataset is minimized. Finally, an information recommendation method based on multimodal interaction behavior is proposed for agricultural information recommendation. Potential features from textual information are extracted which are then fed to long short-term memory (LSTM) in connection with the interaction behavior. LSTM is used for the prediction of the possibility of interaction with respect to the information recommendations system. The experimental results show the feasibility of CNN in agricultural information classification problem. A commendable clustering accuracy is obtained for the agriculture category containing a large number of documents. However, the category with fewer documents is less clustered. The model may be used to effectively extract and classify agricultural information and has great significance in structuring and shaping agricultural information for convenient use in agricultural decision-making.
[Retracted] Optimal Development Model of College Music Curriculum Based on Psychology and Big Data Analysis in a Quantitative Environment
Authors: Li Jiuchen
Published: September 2022

Psychology‐based music education is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates pedagogy, psychology, and other academic fields. A stronger communication link between students and students can be created by incorporating music education psychology into college instruction. In order to provide a scientific foundation for the development of psychology of music education in colleges and universities, it is currently urgently necessary to break free from the constraints of methodology, give importance to both quantitative and qualitative research, and gradually develop diversified research methods. The study of positive psychology is still evolving. From the early psychological movement to the present, it has grown into a hugely significant profession. As a result, this essay presents the findings from research on psychologically based school music instruction reform and development remedies. In the end, Class B has more students with scores of 50 to 60, whereas Class A has more students with scores of 90 to 100, which is quite a contrast. The average grade for students in class A is 80.125, while that for students in class B is 71.45. The lowest Class B score is 51, the lowest Class A score is 58, and the maximum score in A is 98. It is clear that a crucial aspect is the sensible and appropriate use of psychiatric treatment.
Note on Precise Rates in the Law of Iterated Logarithm for the Moment Convergence of I.I.D.: Random Variables under Sublinear Expectations
Authors: Xu Mingzhou , Cheng Kun
Published: September 2022

Let X, Xn, n ≥ 1 be a sequence of independent, identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectations with , , and . Write S0 = 0, , and Mn = max0≤k≤n|Sk|, n ≥ 1. For d > 0 and an = o((log logn)−d), we obtain the exact rates in the law of iterated logarithm of a kind of weighted infinite series of as ε ↓ 0.
Study on Energy Density Distribution and Mass Fractal of Deep Saturated Coal Samples under Uniaxial Stepwise High Stressed Loading and Unloading Path
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Yao Qiangling , Shan Changhao , Yu Liqiang , Chen Liang , Xu Qiang , Xia Ze , Zhu Liu
Published: September 2022

The geostress in deep coal roadway is high and affected by mining frequently; under the influence of water-rock interaction, the bearing capacity of coal continues to deteriorate. Based on the characteristics of short water absorption process and low moisture content of deep coal samples in this experiment, the threshold range of quantitative division of water absorption stage of coal samples is given, and the structural characteristics of deep coal samples that are more susceptible to cracks are analyzed. The actual loading process is simulated through uniaxial stepwise high stressed loading and unloading experiments, the gradual development of cracks was the root cause of instability of coal, and saturated water mainly aggravates the instability process through these cracks; the stepwise high stressed loading and unloading path makes cracks more likely to occur in the sample. After each level of loading and unloading, the average stiffness is approximately linear trend degradation. By calculating the energy density of deep coal samples in each stage before the peak, the change of energy density indexes between saturated and dried samples is different from relative shallow samples, and the energy density indexes do not decrease but increases instead. However, the proportion of each energy is generally positive and inverted “U”-type distribution. The change trend of plastic energy in proportion to dissipation energy can be used as the judgment feature of coal sample instability. The instability of deep coal samples is mainly caused by the gradual dissipation of plastic energy to generate cracks and divided into fragments with large and long edge, resulting in low mass fractal dimension. In engineering practice, the loading times should be reduced and the suitable pressure grouting should be conducted timely to delay the deterioration process of crack development in deep water-bearing coal under high stress disturbance.
Web Optimization of Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Crankshaft
Authors: Galata Serkan , Okur Yiğit , Uzan Ülkü , Ünlü Emre , Muhziroğlu Kudret , Işın Övün , Turgut Mehmet Oğuz , Tuzlu Emin
Published: September 2022

The focus of this study was the weight reduction of crankshaft web regions of an inline 4 cylinder, 250 HP compression ignition engine with a combustion chamber volume of 2499 cm3 intended for use in aircraft. Iteration #0 model was generated by manual reduction of a reference model. According to the results of the analyses, the stresses were compared. Since the increase in stress values of weight reduced model over the reference model exceeded the targeted upper limit of 15.0%, three geometric parameters have been defined, and seven candidate design models have been created by using one, two, or all of the three parameters. In order to maximize the weight reduction by achieving the target stress limit, the lightest design model was obtained in the 10th iteration. For the last three iterations, new parametric values were determined by utilizing the calculated effects of the geometric parameters on stress and weight.
Criteria of Formality and Structural Elements of Research Proposals
Authors: Monrroy Mariel , Franco Heriberto , García José Renán
Published: September 2022

The preparation of research proposals is a challenge faced by anyone who wants to contribute to scientific research, since the specific requirements of different fields of study often cause technical or management aspects of research, such as obtaining funds to carry out research efforts, to be intermingled. The basis of a research proposal is the presentation and substantiation of the necessity of studying a particular problem, as well as the practical manner in which the study will be conducted. The objective of this article is to document the main attributes of each part of a research proposal. Therefore, we present a condensed and practical approach so that a research proposal can be consolidated in a document that enables the evaluation of the validity and usefulness of the planned study. Subsequently, the detailed and appropriately organized proposal will help the researcher in the development and execution of the study. This article has important implications for the development of well-structured and well-organized research proposals, which can, in turn, initiate high-quality scientific research efforts across all disciplines of science education.
Pattern Formation of a Bubbly Fluid Mixture under the Effect of Thermodynamics via Kudryashov‐Sinelshchikov Model
Authors: Abdel-Aty Abdel-Haleem , Raza Nauman , Batool Amna , Mahmoud Emad E. , Yahia Ibrahim S. , Yousef El Sayed
Published: September 2022

In this paper, new explicit wave solutions via liquid‐gas bubbles are obtained for the fractional Kudryashov‐Sinelshchikov (KS) equation under thermodynamic assumptions. A new fractional definition is applied to get these solutions that are utilized to represent the phenomenon of pressure waves under thermodynamic conditions. Two analytical techniques are used to explore the model which is sinh‐Gorden equation expansion and Riccati‐Bernoulli Sub‐ODE methods. These approaches provide complex hyperbolic, hyperbolic, complex trigonometric, and trigonometric solutions for the fractional KS equation, particularly singular, combined singular, dark, bright, combined dark‐bright, and other soliton solutions. Furthermore, acquired results are illustrated by 3D graphs for suitable parametric values that highlight the physical importance and dynamical behaviors of the equation. It is also demonstrated that the purposed approaches are powerful strategies for developing exact traveling wave solutions for a wide range of problems found in mathematical sciences.
Transposon Mutagenesis Reveals RBMS3 Silencing as a Promoter of Malignant Progression of BRAFV600E-Driven Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Vaishnavi Aria , Juan Joseph , Jacob Maebh , Stehn Christopher , Gardner Eric E. , Scherzer Michael T. , Schuman Sophia , Van Veen J. Edward , Murphy Brandon , Hackett Christopher S. , Dupuy Adam J. , Chmura Steven A. , van der Weyden Louise , Newberg Justin Y. , Liu Annie , Mann Karen , Rust Alistair G. , Weiss William A. , Kinsey Conan G. , Adams David J. , Grossmann Allie , Mann Michael B. , McMahon Martin
Published: September 2022

Mutationally activated BRAF is detected in approximately 7% of human lung adenocarcinomas, with BRAFT1799A serving as a predictive biomarker for treatment of patients with FDA-approved inhibitors of BRAFV600E oncoprotein signaling. In genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, expression of BRAFV600E in the lung epithelium initiates growth of benign lung tumors that, without additional genetic alterations, rarely progress to malignant lung adenocarcinoma. To identify genes that cooperate with BRAFV600E for malignant progression, we used Sleeping Beauty–mediated transposon mutagenesis, which dramatically accelerated the emergence of lethal lung cancers. Among the genes identified was Rbms3, which encodes an RNA-binding protein previously implicated as a putative tumor suppressor. Silencing of RBMS3 via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing promoted growth of BRAFV600E lung organoids and promoted development of malignant lung cancers with a distinct micropapillary architecture in BRAFV600E and EGFRL858R GEM models. BRAFV600E/RBMS3Null lung tumors displayed elevated expression of Ctnnb1, Ccnd1, Axin2, Lgr5, and c-Myc mRNAs, suggesting that RBMS3 silencing elevates signaling through the WNT/β-catenin signaling axis. Although RBMS3 silencing rendered BRAFV600E-driven lung tumors resistant to the effects of dabrafenib plus trametinib, the tumors were sensitive to inhibition of porcupine, an acyltransferase of WNT ligands necessary for their secretion. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas patient samples revealed that chromosome 3p24, which encompasses RBMS3, is frequently lost in non–small cell lung cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. Collectively, these data reveal the role of RBMS3 as a lung cancer suppressor and suggest that RBMS3 silencing may contribute to malignant NSCLC progression.

Significance:

Loss of RBMS3 cooperates with BRAFV600E to induce lung tumorigenesis, providing a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mutant BRAF-driven lung cancer and potential strategies to more effectively target this disease.
Risk Factors for Arteriovenous Fistula Thrombus Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Yi Jing , Zhang Rongzhi , Peng Yu , Dong Jianli , Sha Liyan
Published: September 2022

Background: Risk factors like female sex, fistula location, hypertension, albumin, diabetes, arteriovenous graft (AVG), age, and other factors are related to arteriovenous fistula thrombus (AVFT), but the consistency and magnitude of their associations have not been confirmed by meta-analysis. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of evidence on the association between potential risk factors and AVFT. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published up to April 20th, 2022, and cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies examining the association (odds ratio [OR]) between potential risk factors and AVFT were identified. The other inclusion criteria were sufficient data for analysis and nonoverlapping datasets, excluding reviews, meta-analyses, and articles with overlapping datasets. Extracted variables included first author, publication year, study type, sample size, percentage of women, vascular access type, risk or protective factors, and measure of association (adjusted estimates of effect of all risk factors). The study protocol is registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020201884) and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Among the 27 identified studies, data from 24 cohort, 2 case-control, and 1 cross-sectional study were included in this review. When compared to non-AVFT, our data showed that the significant risk factors were AVG (pooled OR = 6.28, 95% CI = 1.79–22.02, p = 0.004, I2 = 87%), age (pooled OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00–1.13, p = 0.05, I2 = 98%), female sex (pooled OR = 2.62, 95% CI = 2.56–2.69, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), C-reactive protein (pooled OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.08–1.30, p = 0.0005, I2 = 90%), fistula site (distal) (pooled OR = 3.64, 95% CI = 1.74–7.62, p = 0.0006, I2 = 47%), hypertension (pooled OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.00–1.47, p = 0.05, I2 = 46%), CD34+KDR+ cell (pooled OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.33–2.57, p = 0.0002, I2 = 0%), and eprex use (pooled OR = 5.36, 95% CI = 1.82–15.77, p = 0.002, I2 = 0%). Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggests that AVG, age, female sex, CRP level, fistula site (distal), hypertension, CD34+KDR+ cell, and the use of eprex are independent risk factors for AVFT. Therefore, clinical medical staff should treat these risk factors carefully, identify them early, and prevent them early to reduce the occurrence of AVFT.
Oxidative Stress as a Biomarker for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sawai Katsuji , Goi Takanori , Sakamoto Satoko , Matsunaka Takayuki , Maegawa Nobuhiro , Koneri Kenji
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Excess oxidative stress is generated by inflammation and cancer, and it is involved in the development and metastasis of colorectal cancer. However, there are few reports on the relationship between blood oxidative stress and prognosis. This study examined the usefulness of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), a measure of oxidative stress, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammatory marker, as prognostic markers in colorectal cancer. Methods: The study enrolled 163 patients who underwent colorectal cancer resection at our institution between 2013 and 2018. Blood samples were taken preoperatively to measure d-ROMs and NLR. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between d-ROMs and NLR, and Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with d-ROMs and NLR. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate disease-specific survival (DSS). Results: There was no correlation between d-ROMs and NLR. Tumor size was significantly associated with d-ROMs and NLR. DSS was significantly worse among patients with high d-ROMs or high NLR, although patients with high d-ROMs and high NLR had the worst DSS. In the multivariate analysis, distant metastasis and the high d-ROM/NLR combination were significant factors associated with DSS (p < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] = 22.880 and p = 0.049, HR = 2.391, respectively). Conclusion: Preoperative d-ROMs and NLR reflect the tumor size among patients with colorectal cancer. The combination of d-ROMs and NLR may effectively predict prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Adrenal Metastases: A Multi-Institutional Review of Patient Characteristics and Outcomes – Turkish Society for Radiation Oncology SBRT Group Study (Trod SBRT 10-004)
Authors: Elmali Aysenur , Akkus Yildirim Berna , Cengiz Mustafa , Yuce Sari Sezin , Onal Huseyin C. , Berber Tanju , Arslantas Erken Aysun , Zoto Mustafayev Teuta , Atalar Banu , Unal Ilhami , Kaydihan Nuri , Oner Dincbas Fazilet
Published: September 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to report the outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for adrenal metastasis in a retrospective multi-institutional cohort. Methods: The outcomes of 124 patients with 146 adrenal metastases who underwent SBRT within 11 years (2008–2019) were retrospectively evaluated. Survival outcomes were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics and their effects on survival, local control (LC), and toxicity outcomes were analyzed by log-rank and multivariate Cox regression methods. Results: The median age was 60 years. The most frequent primary tumor site was the lung, followed by the gastrointestinal system and breast. The adrenal gland was the only metastatic site in 49 (40%) patients. Median biologically effective dose (BED)10 was 61 Gy. The overall LC rate was 83%, and it was positively correlated with the BED10 and fraction dose. The 1- and 2-year local recurrence-free survival, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 79% and 69%, 83% and 60%, and 31% and 12%, respectively. OS significantly improved with non-lung cancer and <4-cm lesion and PFS with a fraction dose ≥8 Gy, BED10 >65 Gy, and an isolated adrenal metastasis. Fourteen patients reported an acute toxicity, and late toxicity was observed in 3 patients, including one grade 5. Conclusion: A satisfactory LC rate was achieved for adrenal metastasis via SBRT. A higher BED10 and fraction dose were positive prognostic factors for tumor control. However, the main problem is DM in these patients, and systemic treatment options are needed to be improved.
Strategic Litigation against European Migration Control Policies: The Legal Battleground of the Central Mediterranean Migration Route
Authors: Pijnenburg Annick , van der Pas Kris
Published: September 2022

Migration control policies at Europe’s borders that lead to human rights violations are widespread. As a result, NGO s, law clinics and individual lawyers mobilise the law against different actors in an attempt to seek accountability for these violations and end the policies that cause them. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to present an overview of and initial reflection on strategic litigation concerning the Central Mediterranean migration route. The article first depicts European migration control policies in the Central Mediterranean and their human rights consequences. It then provides an overview of recent strategic litigation before various domestic, regional and international forums. Finally, the article discusses the potential of these litigation efforts to overcome the accountability challenges caused by European migration control policies in the Central Mediterranean.
The Unfolding Destiny of Union Citizenship: From a Fundamental Status to a Status of Genuine Substance
Authors: Hyltén-Cavallius Katarina
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the legal origins of the ‘substance of rights’ doctrine, and its judicial development since its creation in landmark Union citizenship cases over a decade ago. It is demonstrated how the status of Union citizenship has evolved from being a proclaimed fundamental status for the individual in a lawful cross-border situation, to an increasingly operational and legally effective status regardless of the nature of the free movement situation. Under a genuinely substantive status of Union citizenship, any and all Member States are obligated to neither restrict freedom of movement under art. 21 TFEU, nor deprive, de jure or de facto, a Union citizen of the genuine enjoyment of the substance of Union citizenship rights under art. 20 TFEU. Thereby, the relevance of art. 20 TFEU is no longer reserved to the Union citizen’s relationship to their home Member State. In addition, it is argued that, as the jurisdictional spheres of art. 21 TFEU and 20 TFEU merge, the legal mechanisms of EU fundamental rights protection should also be streamlined across Directive 2004/38, art. 21 TFEU and art. 20 TFEU; thereby giving further substance to the citizenship ideal of civis europaeus sum.
No Spaces without History
Authors: Gräf Bettina , Hindelang Laura
Published: September 2022

Research on urban spaces in the Gulf region has increased substantially over the last two decades, particularly with a strong focus on contemporary phenomena. However, this focus often overlooks entangled histories and past trajectories that are formative for the present. Moreover, it perpetuates the notion of the region’s ahistoricity. To challenge the Gulf cities’ presumed lack of history, we have used a media-historical approach engaging with the history of a medium (e.g., architecture, film, magazine, photography, social media) in relation to a specific city. The article first provides an overview of recent research on the Gulf’s urban cultures in various disciplines. After introducing our approach, the article then considers temporality and spatiality as research perspectives in media studies and subsequently shifts to established media-historical approaches within Middle Eastern and South Asian area studies. It evaluates the complexities of writing on the art and architectural histories of the Gulf as specific forms of media. Finally, it addresses the potential of transdisciplinarity and collaboration as methods resituating the Gulf within the Arab region, the Persianate world and the Indian Ocean, respectively.
Thinking of the City through Film and Cinema: Roll’em
Authors: Freitag Ulrike
Published: September 2022

The Saudi film Roll’em (director Abd al-Illah al-Qurashi, Jeddah, 2019) tells the story of a young would-be film director and his dream to make a film about his native Jeddah. Shot just before the official opening of cinemas in the country, Roll’em was filmed at the beginning of an enormous boost to the Saudi entertainment industry. The film engages the history of filmmaking and cinema in Saudi Arabia, as well as the search by a young generation for historical identity and social participation. Filmmaking and cinema emerge as an important way to make sense of the present. This article positions Roll’em within the current socio-cultural transformation of Saudi Arabia.
Narratives of Continuity and Change in Jeddah
Authors: Maneval Stefan
Published: September 2022

The historiography of Jeddah’s tower houses, from the question of their origin to their abandonment by their Saudi owners, serves as an example in this article of how different imaginary institutions of society inform writings on architectural history. Based on a discussion of books, journal articles and Ph.D. theses by Saudi architects from the 1980s and 1990s, as well as a book chapter by Geoffrey R.D. King (1999), this article emphasizes the benefits of drawing on different types of sources and combining both written and oral methods of data collection. It goes on to examine, from a post-foundational perspective, the ‘central imaginary significations’ (Castoriadis) underpinning these studies of Saudi Arabia’s architectural history. Arguing that the institution of an imaginary social unity and collective identity is intrinsic to critical writing on architecture and architectural history in general, the article suggest that the Saudi architects writing in the 1980s and 1990s were concerned about the perceived loss of their society’s Muslim identity.
“Alone”, as a Result of Divination: A Study of the Wangjiatai Gui cang’s Pure Yin Hexagram
Authors: Schwartz (施沃慈) Adam Craig
Published: September 2022

The present study offers a new reading of the Wangjiatai Gui cang’s pure yin hexagram text. I make a comprehensive analysis of the composition and layered texture of the text, by employing a methodology to engage with its images and narratives at an emic level. I determine that there is an iconographic resemblance between the hexagram picture and the graph writing its name, identify an image program centered on being “alone”, “inhumanity”, and “water”, and provide a context for the independent but interlocking narratives of Xia king Qi and Gong gong. Taken together, evidence points to Gua 寡 “Alone” as the candidate with the lowest odds among various proposals for the hexagram’s name. The overall meaning of “Alone” is that being bad, self-serving, and immoral will lead to one being divested of spiritual blessings and support of the people. The image of water in the two narratives is a metaphor for wantonness that also functions as a conduit for its disposal.
Thismia petasiformis (Thismiaceae), a new fairy lantern species from the Brazilian Amazon Forest
Authors: FERREIRA DA SILVA DIEGO , ALVARENGA BRAGA JOÃO MARCELO
Published: September 2022

Thismia petasiformis is described and illustrated as a new achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophic species discovered in the Brazilian Amazon Forest. The species belongs to Thismia subg. Ophiomeris sect. Pyramidalis by the presence of horizontal cylindrical roots, terete stem with scattered leaves, pyramidal stigma, and stamens flattened with connective not dilated, interstaminal lobes absent and ovary with parietal placentation from the base to the top of the ovary. Thismia petasiformis differs from T. fungiformis by the perianth tube apparently trigonous with slightly curved sides, annulus inconspicuous, and inner perianth lobes forming a single hat-shaped mitre. We present a taxonomic treatment for T. petasiformis, with a detailed description, illustrations and a preliminary assessment of its conservation status following IUCN categories and criteria.
Trailing Horizontal Vortices in Observed and Numerically Simulated Tornadoes
Authors: Oliveira Maurício I. , Xue Ming , Roberts Brett
Published: September 2022

High-resolution numerical simulations of supercell storms reveal complex distributions of vorticity in the vicinity of tornadoes, especially when visualized in three dimensions. As in the simulations, quasi-horizontal vortices (HVs) are occasionally observed near tornadoes, as condensation tubes wrapping around the tornadoes. In this study, visual observations of a violent tornado and visualizations of a high-resolution simulation based on the same tornado case are combined to document distinct HV structures, which trail the tornado very close to the ground toward its right flank (with respect to the tornado’s forward motion), hereafter referred to as “trailing HVs.” The analysis shows that trailing HVs are larger and stronger than HVs typically observed around tornadoes. Still, their sense of rotation matches that of other documented HVs, which is consistent with vorticity generation by surface drag and/or baroclinic torques along internal boundaries of relatively warm rear-flank downdrafts. Interestingly, trailing HVs may display smaller spiral vortices circulating their periphery, which can evolve into more complex structures. Visualizations of three-dimensional vorticity show that the trailing HVs are organized through entanglement of large and small HVs along nearby rear-flank internal boundaries. The internal boundaries also serve as focus for along-boundary stretching of vorticity that becomes mostly streamwise at the location of the trailing HV, resulting in HV strengthening. The spiral vortices are associated with the same entangling processes responsible for the parent (larger) trailing HV structure. Moreover, the analysis suggests that trailing HVs may reinforce the surface wind speeds on the right flank of the tornado.
Surgical Residents’ Awareness of the Costs of Common Operating Room Supplies
Authors: White Erin M. , Hernandez Alee , Coppersmith Nathan A. , Esposito Andrew C. , Paranjpe Ashwini A. , Yoo Peter S.
Published: September 2022

Background

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education mandates that residency programs incorporate cost awareness into patient care. This presents a challenge for surgical residents because they must understand operating room costs in addition to other expenses. Trainees’ understanding of operating room supply costs is not well understood.

Methods

A survey was distributed to surgical residents (N = 73) at an urban, university-based residency program. Residents estimated the costs of 21 single-use operating room items. Descriptive statistics and a regression analysis were calculated.

Results

The response rate was 62%. Respondents accurately estimated costs for a median of 7/21 items, with error ranging from 26% to 5438%. They substantially underestimated the three highest-cost items. Increasing post-graduate year did not improve estimation accuracy (β = .233, P = .138).

Discussion

Residents have a poor understanding of single-use item costs, and this does not improve with post-graduate training, suggesting inefficiencies. There is opportunity to educate residents and ultimately decrease surgical health care costs.