bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variabilité Climatique Et Savoirs Endogènes En Pays Torri Dans La Commune De Akpro-Misserete
Authors: Wilfrid VISSIN Expédit
Published: November 2016

Climate variability as well as extreme phenomena have various interpretations. These last depend on agricultural practices and endogenous ritual related to a specific ethnic group. The study aims at analyzing endogenous perceptions about hydroclimate phenomena of Torri populations of the district of Akpro-Missérété in Benin. The adopted methodology is based on the collection and process of climatic and hydrological data. The climatic data were rainfall and temperature. All the data cover the period from 1971 to 2010. These scientific data were compared with endogenous knowledge related to hydroclimate phenomena in the study area. The results showed that Torri populations of the district of Akpro-Missérété have endogenous knowledge allowing them to recognize and to predict the succession of the climatic phenomena. Thus, the long wet season is indicated by ‘’Amajikun’’; the short one covering September and October is called ‘’Ozojikùn’’. The long dry season is called ‘’Akudaxo’’ whereas the short one is known as '’Akukpɛvi''. The drought period is recognized by the persistence of rainfall recession and called ‘’Akugaa’’, whereas the period of high waters is known as ''Tɔgigɔ''. These various climatic phenomena constitute the agricultural schedule which is similar to agricultural season. In case of extreme phenomena, Torri populations develop adaptation strategies. These included early crop harvest or postponed harvest depending on the rainfall rate. Also, they organized ceremonies and offerings to the gods to ward off evil spells in order to regulate agricultural activities.
Implementation Process of Project Control Systems and Performance of Rural Roads Construction Projects in Kenya: Role of Project Team Experience Diversity
Authors: Obare Josiah Obiria , Kyalo Dorothy Ndunge , Mulwa Angeline Sabina , Mbugua John
Published: November 2016

Project managers have always endeavoured to effectively implement project controls systems during execution of projects to enhance rates of projects successes. However lack of understanding of the role of diversity of experiences among the workforce has hindered the ultimate performance of the project control systems in influencing the performance of construction projects. This paper sought to establish the extent to which project team experience diversity influence on the relationship between implementation process of project control systems and performance of rural roads construction projects in Kenya. The study adopted the pragmatism paradigm and the correlational survey research design. Descriptive statistics were analysed using frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean and standard deviation while inferential statistics were analysed using Pearson’s Product Moment correlation (r), simple regression and stepwise regression (R2). Ftest was used to test the hypotheses. Tests of statistical assumptions were carried out before analysis. The results indicated that with r= 0.533, R2 = 0.284 F (1,195) = 77.208 at p=0.0000.05, the null hypothesis was failed to be rejected and therefore concluded that the significant relationship between implementation process of project control systems and performance of rural roads project does not depend on the interaction between implementation process of project control systems and project team experience diversity. It was therefore recommended that project team experience diversity among the professionals should be encouraged, communicated and shared for the common purpose of achieving high performance in projects.
Agriculture Traditionnelle Et Échecs Des Politiques De Gestion Des Aires Protégées En Côte d’Ivoire : Le Cas De La Réserve De Lamto
Authors: Suzanne N’goran Ahou
Published: November 2016

From more than 16 million hectares of forest in the 1960s, Côte d’Ivoire now disposes of less than 2 million hectares left. In fact, the farming has rapidly back away vegetal resources. Even protected areas such as the reserve of Lamto, created to ensure the conservation of vital sample representative of biodiversity are threatened by agricultural activities in such a way that their management remains problematic. The reserve of Lamto is a delicate protected area throughout its size and its localization; for it has a modest surface of 2,500 hectares and it is situated in a zone that has contact with the forest and the savanna what the ecologists qualify as a delicate ecosystem. Moreover it is surrounded by an important riverside population whose main activity is farming. It is about a diversified farming but traditional itinerant on burning with elementary working tools and strongly dependant on the climate. In short, it is a space consuming farming. Today, the increasing demand of farming area leads the riverside population to exercise a heavy pressure on the reserve whence the menace of the failure of its political management.
Etude Phytochimique Et Activité Antibactérienne De Deux Espèces De Lavande Autochtones Au Maroc : «Lavandula stoechas L. et Lavandula dentata L.»
Authors: Bachiri Lamiae , Echchegadda Ghizlane , Ibijbijen Jamal , Nassiri Laila
Published: November 2016

In the present work, the aim is to compare the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of two lavender Species "Lavandula stoechas L." and "Lavandula dentata L.", belonging to wild flora of Morocco. Thus, a phytochemical screening was performed on the aerial part of invested plants, and no qualitative difference was detected between the studied species. Indeed, both contain catechin and gallic tannins, flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavones and catechols), sterols and triterpenes, in addition to combined anthracene compounds (C-glycosides). Whereas, the dosage of crude aqueous extracts showed that the contents of secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, flavonoids and total and condensed tannins were higher in L. dentata. Also, the essential oils of the aerial part, obtained by hydrodistillation gave higher yields in L. dentata than L. stoechas. Finally, antibacterial activity tests were performed on four strains of bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus "Gram+," and Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis which are Gram -) with both essential oils and crude aqueous extracts. The results obtained showed that essential oils have a powerful effect, particularly that of L. dentata on S. aureus, with an inhibition diameter about 30 mm. The crude extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram - and had no effect on Gram +.
Loose Leaf Lettuce Quality Grown in Two Production Systems
Authors: Travieso Luis L. , Leon Adrian P. , Logegaray Veronica R. , Frezza Diana , Chiesa Angel
Published: November 2016

Horticultural crops have a strong impact on human nutrition. Lettuce is the most important leafy vegetable in Argentina and it is cultivated mainly in green belts, in greenhouses or open field. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth and phytonutrients concentration of leaf lettuce under greenhouse and field production. Crop establishment was made from seedlings produced in a commercial greenhouse. Loose lettuce cv. Brisa was used for field and greenhouse growth. Experimental design with complete random block with 4 replicates per treatment was used. Fresh and dry weights of shoot, number of leaves, color, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll content were measured. Absolute and relative growth rate and commercial yield were calculated. Lettuce grown under greenhouse system showed, as expected, a higher value of fresh and dry weight, number of leaves, leaf area, yield and absolute and relative growth rate. Ascorbic acid value of the leaves decreased during lettuce growth in both production systems. Chlorophyll content was higher in the greenhouse cultivation but the antioxidant capacity was lower in lettuce leaves from greenhouse than the leaves grown on open field.
Insecticide Treated Nets Usage and Barriers Among PregnantWomen Attending Ante-Natal Clinic in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunsanmi Ololade , Essang Arit , Olaoye Titilayo , Solademi Andrew , Makinde Bose
Published: November 2016

Background: Malaria infection is one of the leading causes of mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. It pose great health risks especially in pregnant women by increasing the risk of stillbirth, low birth weight and miscarriage. Aims: The study sought to assess the level of use and the barriers to utilization of Insecticides Treated Nets (ITN) among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinics at Ikenne and Sagamu Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methodology: The study employed a facility-based cross sectional design where five (5) ante-natal clinics in Ikenne and Sagamu Local Government Areas of Ogun State were visited between January and March, 2015. Three hundred and eighteen (318) pregnant women were selected through a multistage sample technique. The respondents were randomly selected on their antenatal clinic days. Data instrument was a self-administered questionnaire and verbal consent was sought from each respondent before administration. Upon retrieval of questionnaires, the data was coded, entered and analyzed with the use of the IBM SPSS version 21. Results: Study revealed that 86.2% (274) of the respondents had used the ITN before but only 71.5% (196) of that population were currently using one. Bivariate analysis between use of ITN and marital status was statistically significant (p = 0.036). Reported barriers to use included “net too hot” (P = .024); “net not comfortable” (P = .017) and “stressful to spread before bed” (P = .190).Conclusion: There is an urgent need for further research on the barriers to sustained use and acceptability of ITNs by pregnant women.
Presentación
Authors: Beristáin Helena
Published: November 2016

Presentación.
Title of the Paper: Nature and Dynamics of Happiness: A Psychological View
Authors:   Designation: Senior Lecturer, Gaeddu College of Business Studies, Royal University of Bhutan, Mathews Jose
Published: November 2016

Happiness is understood from different perspectives including environmental, sociological, economical, political and psychological processes. In this paper an attempt is made to interpret the nature and dynamics of happiness from a psychological perspective. In the bottom-up approach to happiness, the general environmental factors like family, marriage, education and income that contribute to happiness are studied whereas in the top-down approach the intraindividual processes that determine happiness are emphasized. It has been found that the major sources of variance of happiness rest with the intraindividual processes. A model of happiness that underlines the importance of cognitive processes, personality processes, motivation and emotional processes are suggested. Distinctive cognitions, specific personality traits, distinctive motivational processes and emotional paths make the individual happy. Finally the importance of situations is examined. The fundamental striving of human beings appears to be one of seeking happiness in life regardless of his race, religion, language or nationality. Individuals everywhere and every time are moved by this zest for happiness. A person who enjoys full happiness can truly say that he has found meaning in life and that his life is at a pinnacle of achievement, a state of self transcendence. However happiness as a psychological process is not well studied. In the recent years there have been many attempts to study the nature and dynamics of happiness from different perspectives. It is also a matter of happiness that many numbers of researches are being done now in the area of happiness. Is happiness a matter? Even though happiness can be objectified, first and foremost happiness is a subjective experience that originates in the psyche of the individual. In this paper an attempt is made to understand the nature and dynamics of happiness from a purely psychological perspective.
ETANOL FUEL GRADE DENGAN METODE ADSORPSI DALAM KOLOM UNGGUN TETAP MENGGUNAKAN ADSORBEN CAO-ZEOLIT GRANULAR
Authors: Dyartanti Endah Retno
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Ethanol is a renewable energy source that can reduce carbon emissions. Gasohol is a mixture of fuel grade ethanol with levels >99% with a premium that is used as a substitute for premium fuel. This study aims to obtain ethanol with levels >99% (fuel grade) through the method of adsorption in fixed bed column with granular CaO-zeolite adsorbent. Zeolite is modified by ion exchange contained in the zeolite with a solution of Ca(OH)2. This ion exchange will produce CaO-Zeolite. This research will study the effect of ethanol vapor flow rate and weight of CaO-zeolite adsorbent on levels of ethanol produced. Ethanol drying process begins with the distillation process to obtain ethanol up to ±95% levels followed by drying using adsorption method in a fixed bed column. Ethanol in the holding tank is evaporated at a temperature of ±80°C. Ethanol vapor is passed in a fixed bed column containing CaO-zeolite adsorbent, then the output is condensed by the condenser. Liquid ethanol output then stored and analyzed using picnometer. On the variation of flow rate of ethanol-water vapor mixture of 0.5 ml/sec obtained the highest concentration of ethanol is 95.617% after 15 minutes. For the flow rate of 1 ml/sec, the concentration of ethanol increased to 96.823% after 45 minutes and for the flow rate 1.5 ml/sec decreased the concentration of ethanol obtained 95.686% after 30 minutes. For fixed flow rate of ethanol-water vapor mixture 1 ml / sec with a weight of 150 grams adsorbent obtained the highest concentration of 97.272 after 5 minute. For the adsorbent weight 200 grams, the highest ethanol concentration increased to 98.68% after 10 minutes and the weight of adsorbent for 250 grams of the highest ethanol concentration obtained by 98.770% after 5 minutes.

 Keywords: adsorption, ethanol, cao-zeolite.
PRODUKSI BIOETANOL MENGGUNAKAN BIOFILM SEL SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE FNCC 3012 PADA PERMUKAAN BAGAS TEBU
Authors: Margono Margono
Published: November 2016

Abstract: The policy of Indonesian Government on supporting renewable energy resources
developments has increased bioethanol research, both upstream or downstream processes. The
objective of this research was to improve bioethanol productivity using immobilized
Saccharomyces cerevisiaeFNCC 3012 on sugarcane baggase surfaces. Fermentation process
was devided into 2 steps, first was growth stepof developing biofilm and second step was
production process of bioethanol. Biofilm development was done for 72 hours by aerobic
fermentation and followed by anaerobic fermentation producing bioethanol for 72 hours. Some
volumetric flows of medium was implemented on the process, i.e. 1.44, 3.36 and 4.56 L/hr. The
best concumption of glucose in this research was showed by 20 g/L glucose in input and 0.15 g/L
glucose in the output medium. The increasing flowrate of medium into bioreactor results on
decreasing of bioethanol concentration in output of the bioreactor. The optimum medium flowrate
was 1.44 L/hrwhich was producing bioethanol concentration of 8.75% v/v.
Keywords: bioethanol, sugarcane baggase, biofilm, Saccharomyces cerevisiae FNCC 3012
Bentuk Komunikasi Politik untuk Membangun Perilaku Politik Masyarakat Lokal Guna Menciptakan Pemilukada yang Aman
Authors: Setyarahajoe Ratna
Published: November 2016

The practice of election should be an important momentum for local people to directly elect the head of terrain. This election studies conducted by the National Law Reform Consortium concluded, that the celebration of democracy in 2010 "to lose their meaning, since the practice of money politics and the politicization of the bureaucracy that dominates the process of winning the election". With the scenario of fraud in the election, it can be a catalyst for conflict between supporters of candidates, which often leads to conflicts that are anarchists. For that we need a form of political communication that can shape political behavior so that local communities can safe and clean election.
Keterwakilan Perempuan dalam Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah
Authors: Rodiyah Isnaini
Published: November 2016

Representation of women in the political sphere can be interpreted as a form of participation in opening that the resulting policy will include the interests of all parties, whether at the local, national, and international levels. In the process of democratic issues, larger women participation, representation, and accountability are absolute prerequisites for the realization of a meaningful democracy. But in fact, in the district of Sidoarjo there is still women's lack of access making it difficult for women to show that their interests are not accommodated in the political system. This was marked by the lack (not quotas) of women representation as members of parliament in Sidoarjo. This paper is also intended to study the participation, quality, and responsibility of women's representation in the political sphere.
Upaya Sosialisasi Penerapan Wajib Tahu Baca Al Qur’an dalam Pernikahan bagi Calon Mempelai
Authors: Suneth Ibnu Sulthan , Sukmana Hendra , Alamsyah M. Arrizky
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to explore the reality of the truth, in all religious affairs office, which in the regulations there is no requirement of knowing how to read al-Qur’an by the Office of Religious Affairs, but with the complex problems in the community. This research is ekssplortif-developmental, because it aimed to know the motive of the appearance of symptoms as well as to identify and describe the development perspective of religious development. The data collected through interviews or in-depth interviews, the source of information is taken from the relevant parties in the implementation of marriage, both institutional and personal, and the informants in this study are taken from the relevant figures. Based on the results of this study showed that the public understanding of the villages in the district of Temple quite well in terms of reading Al-Qur'an. This is supported by the socialization presence for bride who is recommended by for religious Affairs and other related institutions.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pasien
Authors: Utami Amelia Tri , Ismanto Hadi , Lestari Yuni
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of service quality dimensions of service quality are tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy toward patient satisfaction. The sample used in this study is 100 respondents. The sampling method used purposive sampling and accidental sampling. Data collection used questionnaires. Data analysis method used quantitative analysis using validity and reliability test, F test, the coefficient of determination, t test and linear regression analysis. Based on the results of this study showed that the quality of service that consists of tangibles (X1), reliability (X2), responsiveness (X3), assurance (X4) and empathy (X5) simultaneously significant effect on patient satisfaction. Partially, Tangibles variable (X1), Reliability (X2) and Empathy (X5) showed significant effect on satisfaction (Y). While, variable Responsiveness (X3), Assurance (X4) partially did not show significant effect on satisfaction (Y).
Model Rekrutmen Calon Anggota Legislatif oleh Partai Politik di DPD Partai Golkar Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Sukmana Hendra , Arsiyah Arsiyah
Published: November 2016

This research is aimed to study the model of recruitment of prospective members of DPD Golkar sidoarjo. The method of this research used qualitative approach. This research used data sources in the form of primary and secondary data, along with data collection techniques, namely observation, interview and documentation. The technique of data analysis used descriptive analysis by qualitative approach that includes: reduction of data, presentation of data, drawing a conclusion. The research result indicated that the recruitment of prospective members of DPD Golkar Sidoarjo has run well and was not undergoing many changes compared with the previous model of recruitment of prospective members of the party. It began with socialization of registration to the candidate of legislative member toward the volunteers. After that, it continued with self registration by young members of a legislature, join training prepared by team nine, then the candidates will be selected through scoring method.
Kebijakan Pengembangan Pendidikan Al-Qur’an di Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Salahuddin Rahmad
Published: November 2016

The aim of this research was to describe the map of potential Al-Quran education in pasuruan and the development efforts have been conducted by the ministry of religion in improving services and governance of the implementation of Al-Quran education in the area. The method of this research used qualitative research. Based on this research showed that development of Al-Quran education in line with the vision of national development that puts the strategic role ofeducation, as stipulated in the constitution of 1945, namely to increase faith and devotion to the lord almighty, as well as noble morals of the people in order to educate, by means of ensuring fair distribution of educational opportunity as well as improving quality, relevance, and efficiency of the management of education in facing the local,, national, and global challenges.
Implementasi Kebijakan Program Beras Miskin (Raskin) di Desa Kejapanan Kecamatan Gempol Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Januarti Stella Erdityaningrum , Rodiyah Isnaini
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this research was analyzing and describing about implementation of the rice for poor program in Kejapanan Village Gempol Subdistrict Pasuruan Regency as well as was identifing the obstacles of this program. This research used descriptive qualitative method. Collecting of data used observation, interview and documentation. Data analizing technique used descriptive qualitative. The results showed that as long as the implementation of rice program didn’t any evaluation from the citizen or subdistrict. It happened because the government Kejapanan village didn’t had an available legally action system for the villagers. On the other hand, monev team never checked the rice program and the officers of this program never did observation about it.
Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 214/PMK.01/2011 (Studi pada Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara Kudus)
Authors: Lestari Asih Widi
Published: November 2016

The purpose in this research is to describe and analyze implementation of Finance Ministry Regulation Number 214/PMK.01/2011 about Discipline Enforcement Based on Remuneration/ Special allowance of State Financial Guidance at Finance Ministry Area, the support and inhibitor factors, and impact of this regulation to increase discipline civil servants in KPPN Kudus. This research is using descriptive qualitative method. The implementation of Finance Ministry Regulation Number 214/PMK.01/2011 in KPPN Kudus was successfully, it viewed from actors, mechanism and handkey. This regulation has positive impact to increase discipline civil servants in KPPN Kudus. The support factors is the contents of the regulation is detail; the attitude civil servants in KPPN Kudus is willing to receive all provisions contained in regulation; and the comfortable conditions in KPPN Kudus. Inhibitor factors is a outside factors is alleged happened to civil servants; and the workload of a caretaker is too overload. But still there was a cleft in this Finance Ministry Regulation Number 214/PMK.01/2011, this is no regulated about rest hours in this regulation, so needed improvement in this regulation with make provision of electronic absent in rest hour.
Implementasi Aturan Ijin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB) di Kawasan Sekitar Bencana Lumpur Sidoarjo
Authors: Irawan Nurul Agus , Arsiyah Arsiyah
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to determine implementation of Sidoarjo Regulation Number 4 of 2012 on Building Permit (IMB) in Tambak Kalisogo village, Jabon subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency. This study used qualitative research through descriptive approach. Informants in this study was village officials especially in community development field, community that was doing or newly building houses, community that have supporting data, the parties that have qualified in providing information, as well as data in BPPT Sidoarjo. The results of this study indicated that implementation of regulations concerning building permits in Tambak Kalisogo Village quite good. It was influenced by several factors, namely economic factors, customs were still strong and lack of socialization in the village government. While, supporting factor included encouragement the needs and compensatory of mudflow disaster victims.
Evaluate the Effectiveness of Agaricus bisporus (Spawn) on Control Damping – off Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum on Cucumber
Authors: Kareem Tareq Abdulsada , Ismael Dareen Safwat , Al-Maliky Bushra Subair Abdulsada
Published: November 2016

This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of Agaricus bisporus inoculums (spawn) in the ratio of (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) v/v to control Pythium aphanidermatum fungus the causal agent of damping- off disease of cucumber plant. results showed the ability of A. bisporus fungus to protect the seedlings from incidence by P. aphanidermatum . all treatments of edible fungus inoculums were significantly different from pathogen treatment after 15 day of planting and there was no significant difference found from control treatment (without pathogen) . the successful of A. bisporus was continued to protect the seedlings after 30 and 45 day after planting. The numbers of seedlings were (8, 7.25 & 7.25) respectively compared to 5.5 seedlings in control treatment (with pathogen) on the 45th. Disease severity was reached (4.5) and the disease index was (90%) in pathogen treatment that significantly different from all other treatments. At the same time the treatments of the tested ratio (0.25, 0.5, 1) % were able to reduce the ratio of disease severity and disease index by 22% compared to control treatment (with pathogen). The results showed that all treatments of edible fungus inoculums that used to control P. aphanidermatum were achieved significant increase in growth index represented by plants height which reached to (30, 31, 30.3) cm respectively, compared to control treatment (with pathogen) ( 22.3)cm. The results reflected on plants wet weight (16.92, 18.85, 16.92)g were significant increase from control treatment (with pathogen) ( 12.61)g. As well as the significant increase in plants dry weight of edible fungus inoculums were reached (1.75, 2.04, 2.16) g compared to control treatment (with pathogen) (1.2)g.
Some Results on Weak Essential Submodules
Authors: Ahmed Muna Abbas
Published: November 2016

Throughout this paper R represents commutative ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some new results (up to our knowledge) on the concept of weak essential submodules which introduced by Muna A. Ahmed, where a submodule N of an R-module M is called weak essential, if N ? P ? (0) for each nonzero semiprime submodule P of M. In this paper we rewrite this definition in another formula. Some new definitions are introduced and various properties of weak essential submodules are considered.
The Importance and Interaction Indices of Bi-Capacities Based on Ternary-Element Sets
Authors: Ghafil Jabbar Abbas
Published: November 2016

Grabisch and Labreuche have recently proposed a generalization of capacities, called the bi-capacities. Recently, a new approach for studying bi-capacities through introducing a notion of ternary-element sets proposed by the author. In this paper, we propose many results such as bipolar Mobius transform, importance index, and interaction index of bi-capacities based on our approach.
Occurrence of heavy metals and contaminants on the surface of adjacent rivers
Authors: de Melo Warita Alves , Braga Carla Afonso da Silva Bitencourt , Carneiro Lilian Carla
Published: November 2016

Water is fundamental to the survival of living beings. It registers every impact and can function as an indicator of environmental stressors. Our objective in the current study was to assess the sanitary conditions of the waters in the Açude, Maria Lucinda and Santa Rosa streams. This was done by checking pH, running quantitative analyses of heavy metals and testing for total coliforms. The effect of ultraviolet (UV) rays on samples positive for coliforms was evaluated. The average pH of the streams ranged between 4 and 7 and changed between drought and rainy season conditions. Chromium and nickel values were above those permitted by the Brazilian National Council on the Environment, CONAMA. In the dry season, zinc values were above those established by CONAMA for waterbodies of Classes 1 and 2. Thermotolerant coliforms were present in all samples collected and above permitted values. After exposing the bacteria to UV light, it was noted that UV irradiation was unable to decrease the bacteria count. Ninety residents who use stream water were interviewed: 24% of interviewees said they use the waters of the Açude and Mary Lucinda streams and along the Santa Rosa stream, 95% of inhabitants said they use the water.
Level of Arachidonic Acid and State of Peroxidation Processes in Patients with Aspirin-Intolerant Polypous Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Koshel Ivanna
Published: November 2016

The main peculiarity of aspirin-intolerant polypous rhinosinusitis pathogenesis is the presence of “genetic block” of constitutive cyclooxygenase being the key enzyme of the arachidonic acid metabolism. It justifies the necessity of studying its metabolic peculiarities.The objective of the research was to determine the level of arachidonic acid as well as the state of lipid and protein peroxidation processes in patients with aspirin-intolerant polypous rhinosinusitis.Materials and methods. The levels of arachidonic acid, malondialdehyde and oxidative modification of serum proteins were studied in 20 patients with aspirin-intolerant polypous rhinosinusitis and 7 healthy individuals.Results. Significantly elevated levels of arachidonic levels were observed. The search for alternative metabolic pathways stimulated lipid and protein peroxidation processes and led to the increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and oxidative modification of serum proteins. The peculiarities of biochemical changes indicated pro-inflammatory orientation of lipid metabolism.Conclusions. The obtained data confirmed the hypothesis of “genetic block” of the arachidonic acid metabolism as the main pathogenetic component of aspirin-intolerant polypous rhinosinusitis and allowed us to clearly interpret biochemical picture of the disease.
PRODUKSI SILIKA AMORF DARI SEKAM PADI UNTUK FILLER BARANG JADI KARET MENGGUNAKAN FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTOR
Authors: Falaah Asron Ferdian , Cifriadi Adi , Kumoro Andri Cahyo
Published: November 2016

Sekam padi yang merupakan limbah pertanian dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan apabila tidak ditangani dengan baik. Sekam padi mempunyai kandungan silika yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai aplikasi, salah satunya sebagai bahan pengisi barang jadi karet. Silika dari sekam padi dapat diperoleh dengan cara membakar sekam padi menjadi abu putih yang kaya kandungan silika dalam wujud amorf. Proses pembakaran dengan biaya murah, hemat energi dan dengan waktu cepat merupakan keuntungan dalam memproduksi silika amorf dari sekam padi. Fluidized Bed Combustor (FBC) merupakan alat yang bekerja dengan prinsip dasar hidrodinamika fluida yang mampu membakar sekam padi pada suhu pembakaran 600 0C untuk menghasilkan abu berwarna putih dengan kandungan silika amorf  mencapai 93% dengan cemaran karbon hanya sekitar 2,1%. Abu berwarna putih hasil pembakaran FBC dimurnikan dari ion-ion logam dengan proses pengkelatan dengan asam sitrat 5%, kemudian diekstraksi dengan larutan NaOH 1,5 N pada suhu 100 0C dan diendapkan dengan menggunakan larutan HCl 1 N pada suhu kamar. Silika amorf hasil dari proses pengendapan kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu 80 0C dan dicuci dengan air suling untuk memastikan ion-ion logam yang tidak diinginkan hilang.
Macrophage Cyclooxygenase-2 Protects Against Development of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Wang Xin , Yao Bing , Wang Yinqiu , Fan Xiaofeng , Wang Suwan , Niu Aolei , Yang Haichun , Fogo Agnes , Zhang Ming-Zhi , Harris Raymond C.
Published: November 2016

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by increased macrophage infiltration, and proinflammatory M1 macrophages contribute to development of DN. Previous studies by us and others have reported that macrophage cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a role in polarization and maintenance of a macrophage tissue-reparative M2 phenotype. We examined the effects of macrophage COX-2 on development of DN in type 1 diabetes. Cultured macrophages with COX-2 deletion exhibited an M1 phenotype, as demonstrated by higher inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor-κB levels but lower interleukin-4 receptor-α levels. Compared with corresponding wild-type diabetic mice, mice with COX-2 deletion in hematopoietic cells (COX-2 knockout bone marrow transplantation) or macrophages (CD11b-Cre COX2f/f) developed severe DN, as indicated by increased albuminuria, fibrosis, and renal infiltration of T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Although diabetic kidneys with macrophage COX-2 deletion had more macrophage infiltration, they had fewer renal M2 macrophages. Diabetic kidneys with macrophage COX-2 deletion also had increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and decreased number of podocytes. Similar results were found in diabetic mice with macrophage PGE2 receptor subtype 4 deletion. In summary, these studies have demonstrated an important but unexpected role for macrophage COX-2/prostaglandin E2/PGE2 receptor subtype 4 signaling to lessen progression of diabetic kidney disease, unlike the pathogenic effects of increased COX-2 expression in intrinsic renal cells.
Long-term Prediction of Cardiovascular Outcomes by Circulating CD34+ and CD34+CD133+ Stem Cells in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Rigato Mauro , Cappellari Roberta , Bonora Benedetta Maria , Avogaro Angelo
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

Cardiovascular risk varies substantially in the population with diabetes, and biomarkers can improve risk stratification. Circulating stem cells predict future cardiovascular events and death, but data for the population with diabetes are scant. In this study we evaluated the ability of circulating stem cell levels to predict future cardiovascular outcomes and improve risk discrimination in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A cohort of 187 patients with type 2 diabetes was monitored for a median of 6.1 years. The primary outcome was time to a first cardiovascular event, defined as 3-point major adverse cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke) plus hospitalization for cardiovascular causes. At baseline, we measured six stem/progenitor cell phenotypes in peripheral blood based on expression of CD34, CD133, and KDR.

RESULTS

The primary outcome occurred in 48 patients (4.5/100 patient-years). Patients with incident cardiovascular events had significantly lower CD34+ and CD34+CD133+ cells than those without. Higher rates of cardiovascular events occurred in patients with below median levels of CD34+ and CD34+CD133+. In Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, a reduced CD34+ (hazard ratio 2.21 [95% CI 1.14–4.29]) and CD34+CD133+ (2.98 [1.46–6.08]) cell count independently predicted future events. Addition of the CD34+ cell count to the reference model or the UK Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine improved C statistics, continuous net reclassification improvement, and/or integrated discrimination index.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with type 2 diabetes, a reduced baseline level of circulating CD34+ stem cells predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes up to 6 years later and improves risk stratification.
Water level fluctuations in selected Wielkopolski National Park lakes in 2012 against changes noted in 2007-2008
Authors: Lorenc Michał , Dondajewska Renata , Kaczmarek Lech
Published: November 2016

The results presented in this paper of water level fluctuations in selected lakes of Wielkopolski National Park have a preliminary character, contributing new information to the knowledge on this area. Five lakes situated in three distinct tunnel valleys were selected for research: Jarosławieckie, Góreckie, Budzyńskie, Witobelskie and Łódzko-Dymaczewskie. The water level was measured from December 2006 till January 2008 and from January till December of 2012 with ca. monthly frequency. An increase in the water stage was noted in the autumn-winter period, which was rather unusual. The comparison of years 2007 and 2012 indicated higher water levels in the latter. The amplitude of the water level was higher in flow-through lakes due to the reaction to precipitation in early spring as well as different catchment features. Specific water level fluctuations in Lake Góreckie are probably related to the influence of groundwater of the Wielkopolska fossil valley.
Historical medium-scale maps as a source of information on the overgrowing of lakes
Authors: Ptak Mariusz
Published: November 2016

In the work, medium-scale topographic maps from the first half of the 20th century and aerial photographs from the first decade of the 21st century were used to determine the rate of overgrowing of lakes. A comparison of results for lakes located in different parts of Poland demonstrated that the process of proliferation of emergent plants dominated - such a situation was recorded for 14 out of the 15 lakes analysed in the work. The calculated average overgrowing rate for all the lakes in the years 1945-2010 was 0.4 ha yr-1. Lake Karaś (1.83 ha yr-1) and Lake Oświn (1.2 ha yr-1) were characterized by the highest overgrowing rates. Moreover, the work presents an attempt at discovering the factors which determine the scale of the lake overgrowing process. To this end, the main lake parameters were analysed and it was concluded that the rate of overgrowing of lakes was influenced, inter alia, by water level fluctuations and the shape and depth of a given lake. However, each lake should be treated as an individual object which responds to the processes occurring in its environment in a unique way.
Reproduction of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae taxa in an oxbow lake of the River Vistula
Authors: Toma Cezary
Published: November 2016

The aim of the research was to establish the density of specimens and shoots as well as the reproductive effort of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae during the whole vegetative period in a Polish oxbow lake. The following specimen features were examined: plant diameter, total length, the number of buds, flowers, young fruit, ripe fruit, turions and leaves and also dry total mass, vegetative mass, generative mass, the bud mass, the flower mass, young fruit mass and ripe fruit mass. The density of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae specimens per square metre ranged from 10 to 170 while the density of shoots ranged from 10 to 545. From one square metre overgrown with Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, a maximum of 389 turions, 50 fruit and 4000 seeds are produced. The maximum of reproductive effort is 97.8% of vegetative mass and 2.2% of generative mass in September 2010. The factors which best explain changeability of the Hydrocharis morsusranae population in time are the length and the diameter of the specimens in the population. Fruiting of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae in Poland is higher than in Canada, where it is an invasive taxon. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae is well adapted to the environment in oxbow lakes of the River Vistula and represents the S-R strategy.
Variation of nitrogen forms in lakes with different intensity of anthropogenic pressure
Authors: Zieliński Rafał , Dunalska Julita , Grochowska Jolanta , Bigaj Izabela , Szymański Daniel
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of nitrogen and trace the dynamics of its changes in two lakes with different intensity of anthropogenic pressure. The dominant land use of Lake Paskierz catchment is built-up areas, while in Lake Sajmino, wasteland is the dominant land use. The total amount of nitrogen in Lake Paskierz ranged from 1.68 to 6.58 g Ntot m-3, while in Lake Sajmino it was from 1.03 to 1.84 g Ntot m-3. The organic fraction was a dominant form in the surface water layers of the examined lakes. A slightly different situation was found in near-bottom water layers of Lake Paskierz, where ammonium nitrogen was the dominant form in the summer stagnation. In other cases organic nitrogen was a dominant form in each of the reservoirs. Concentrations of nitrites and nitrates were low and did not affect essentially the overall amount of nitrogen in the studied lakes. Based on the results, it can be concluded that Lake Paskierz is overfertilized. The high concentrations of ammonia measured in near-bottom layers of the lake indicate that the internal supply may be a very important process affecting the trophic status. Lake Sajmino was characterized by significantly less nitrogen abundance, although the periodically increasing nitrogen concentration reveals the presence of adverse anthropopressure on the lake.
An analysis based on rotifer indices of the effects of water and sewage management on water quality in the system of interconnected glacial lakes
Authors: Ejsmont-Karabin Jolanta
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was the long-term observation of changes in the trophic status of the Great Masurian Lakes versus changes in the management of lakes’ watershed. The Great Masurian Lakes (GML), a system of interconnected glacial lakes, were, until the 80s, receivers of untreated and partially treated sewage from cities and diffuse sources, particularly in the tourist season. In the 90s, state farm areas turned into fallow land, which reduced the input of nutrients from diffuse sources. In the late 90s municipal sewage plants began to be systematically built in cities and the larger villages of the region. An analysis of changes in the trophic status of the GML hydro-system during the period of 35 years was based on rotifer indices of lake trophy. Results of the analysis show that in 1976 lakes in the northern and southern part of the GML system were mesotrophic or meso-eutrophic, while in the central part, in the triangle formed by three cities, the beginning of eutrophication was observed. After several years of increased inflow of nutrients due to the impact of tourism, a marked increase in the trophy of lakes was noticed in the central part of the system. In the 90s, after the collapse of large-scale agriculture and the installation of modern sewage treatment plants, the trophic status of nearly all lakes in the central and southern parts of the system ranged between meso-eutrophy and low eutrophy. The exceptions were Lake Nidzkie, whose trophy increased and Lake Niegocin, which became mesotrophic. Changes in the trophic status of the studied lakes indicate high sensitivity of the GML system to anthropogenic changes in their watershed.
Changes in Lake Rotcze catchment over the last 200 years: implications for lake development reconstruction
Authors: Kowalewski Grzegorz Andrzej
Published: November 2016

Based on archival cartographic sources, teledetection materials, and research results in the scope of history and environmental sciences, changes occurring in the catchment of Lake Rotcze and its close vicinity over the last two hundred years were analysed. The area of the catchment is dominated by moderately fertile minerogenic soils on which forest assemblages developed (poor hornbeamoak forest Tilio-Carpinetum and thermophilous oak forest Potentillo albae-Quercetum). The first trace of anthropopressure was a clearing at the southern shore of the lake, for agricultural use, established not later than at the turn of the 17th and 18th century. The forests were almost completely cleared in the first quarter of the 20th century, and transformed into cultivated land of the village of Grabniak. A large fragment of the catchment is occupied by peatlands, constituting the final stage of lake-peatland succession developed in the former bay of fossil Lake Uściwierskie of which Lake Rotcze constitutes the remains. During the 20th century, the peatlands were intensively drained. This resulted in their overdrying, and growing over with bushes and marshy forests. In the 20th century, Grabniak was an agricultural village. Over the last 25 years, it has turned into a recreation resort. The relatively short agricultural and settlement activity in the lake catchment, in comparison with other parts of Poland, makes the lake appropriate for palaeolimnological reconstruction in terms of looking for reference conditions (sensu WFD).
The effect of glyphosate-based herbicide on aquatic organisms – a case study
Authors: Rzymski Piotr , Klimaszyk Piotr , Kubacki Tomasz , Poniedziałek Barbara
Published: November 2016

The non-selective, post-emergence herbicides based on glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] are one of the most widely used pesticides in agriculture, urban areas and forestry. Although there has been documentation on the physical, chemical and toxicological properties of glyphosate, the aquatic toxicity of such formulations still requires assessment and evaluation. In the present study, we describe deliberate use of glyphosate-based herbicide in a bathing area of Lake Lednica (Wielkopolska, Poland) by unknown perpetrators in April, 2011. Glyphosate was detected using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the water samples collected from the bathing area at a mean concentration of 0.09 mg dm-3. Aboveground parts of emerged macrophytes (Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia) covering the investigated area were completely withered. Studies of benthic macroinvertebrates revealed no significant differences in taxa number between event (13 taxa) and control (14 taxa) sites although differences in abundance of particular taxa were observed. Significantly lower numbers of Chironomidae (by 41%), Oligochaeta (by 43%), Vivipariae (by 75%), Hirudinae (by 75%), Asellus aquaticus (by 77%), Gammarus pulex (by 38%) and Dreissena polymorpha (by 42%) were found at the glyphosate-treated site. Furthermore, compared to the control, chironomids (Chironomidae) exposed to glyphosate were represented by specimens smaller in length while A. aquaticus only showed large adults. The ranges of glyphosate concentration in the tissues of sampled macroinvertebrates and Phragmites australis organs were 7.3-10.2 μg kg-1 and 16.2-24.7 μg kg-1, respectively. Our study indicates that glyphosate-based herbicides may have adverse effects on aquatic organisms including macroinvertebrates, thus their use in (or nearby) surface waters should be subject to strict limitation.