bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of Some Bacteria Types in the Oral Microbiota of Athletes and Sedentary Individuals
Authors: Baskan Asiye Hande , Zorba Erdal
Published: March 2022

Aim: Oral health is important for elite sports performance, general health, and well-being. However, there is no comparison of oral microbiota in athletes with health, athletic performance, branches and general population in the literature. The aim of this study is to examine some bacterial genus in the oral microbiota of athletes and sedentary individuals. Methods: Fifteen male volunteers (age, 18-24 years) participated in the study and they were divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of male athletes playing football in the professional league (n=5), the second group consisted of male athletes playing football in the amateur league (n=5) and the third group who did not active in any physical activity (sedentary) males (n=5). An oral swab sample was taken for the participants' oral microbiota measurements. Bioinformatics analyzes of the samples were made using the Illumina MiSeq analyzer with the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method. Results: The microbial community profiles obtained were compared with each other and dendrograms were created using the Minitab 17 software. In the oral microbiota analysis of the groups, the dominant bacterial genus: Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia and Streptococcus were found in the oral cavity. Lachnospiraceae and Streptococcus types of bacterias were found to be higher in the sport groups than the sedentary group, and there was a statistically significant difference found between them (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in Prevotella, Leptotrichia and Haemophilus bacteria between the athlete and sedentary groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the results, the oral microbiota of the group of athletes was associated with poor oral health. It can be said that football training performed both at a professional and amateur level may affect the important bacterial species in the oral microbiota of athletes. Keywords: Oral microbiota, football, athlete, sedentary, new generation sequencing (NGS)
Examination of Turkish Football Fans' Brand Evangelism (Efangelism) Levels and Intention to Purchase
Authors: Yüzgenç Ayşe Asli , Doğan Hakan , Koç Mustafa Can
Published: March 2022

Background: Sport consumers display a different set of values, attitudes and behaviors. Not all football consumers are equally passionate and fanatical. The purpose of this research is to examine the evangelistic attitudes of Turkish football fans towards the team brand and their intention to purchase the licensed sports products of the club. Method: The study group of the research consists of 633 volunteers who are supporters of Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray and Beşiktaş and live in various parts of Turkey. We used the Sports Team Evangelism (eFangelism) Scale-STES as a data collection tool in the research. STES was developed by Dwyer, Greenhalgh, and LeCrom (2015). Its Turkish validation and reliability tests were done by Yüksekbilgili (2017). We also used the "Purchase Intention Scale" developed by Kazançoğlu and Baybars (2015) based on the research of Kwon et al., (2007). Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used in the analysis of the data. The sources of significant differences in the Kruskal-Wallis test results were distinguished using the Mann-Whitney U Test. Results: The level of evangelism and intention to purchase varied according to the gender of individuals, the team they support, and the amount of spending on licensed products. Conclusion: Our research shows that individuals with a high level of brand evangelism and intention to purchase buy the licensed products of their favorite team more than individuals with a low level of brand evangelism and intention to purchase. In addition, the level of efangelism and intention to purchase of male participants are higher than women. The level of efangelism and intention to purchase of Beşiktaş fans are higher than Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe fans. Keywords: Efangelism, intention to purchase, football fan
Correlation of Coordination Abilities, Physical Qualities and Mental Processes of Football Players
Authors: G.G. Polevoy
Published: March 2022

The aim set out in Article research is to find new of methodical approaches to improve the methods of development of coordination abilities of young players. Despite the proven efficacy of the differentiated approach in the preparation of sports reserve, no data found, taking into account the typological features of display properties of the nervous system of children involved in football. Methods and techniques: We used statistical methods to determine the validity and reliability of the results of scientific research. Statistical analysis was performed using a personal computer Pentium- 4 and using the Microsoft standard statistical software package Excel 2007. Correlation analysis was performed using the program Bio Stat 2016. Results: Identified and synthesized a new classification of specific coordination abilities in terms of their impact on mental processes of young football players. The new data that expand and deepen the modern theory and methodology of football with new knowledge about the coordination abilities, peculiarities of the relationship indicators conditional abilities and mental processes with the indicators of specific coordination abilities of the players with strong and weak nervous system. Scientific novelty: Demonstrated prospect for a differentiated approach based on a typology. The features of the relationship of coordination abilities indicators with indicators of conditional abilities and mental processes of the players of 11-12 years with a "strong" and "weak" the nervous system. Defined "leading" and "additional" specific types of coordination abilities in different groups of players. Practical significance: Accounting data obtained as a result of the correlation analysis, in the training process of young players can provide a significant increase in the efficiency of the development process -specific coordination abilities, level of mastery of the technical and tactical methods and competitive performance, as well as improve the performance of the mental processes of children involved in football. Keywords: differentiated approach, the properties of the nervous system, coordination abilities, psychical processes.
Comparative Study of Metformin, N-Acetylcysteine and L-Arginine on Hyperglycemia in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Bajwa Novera Sohail , Aslam M. Waqar , Amin M. Roh ul , Mateen A Abida , Khan Saifullah , Ain Qurat ul , Laique Talha
Published: March 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic syndrome which results from deficiencies/defects in the pancreatic insulin secretions or insulin action on the target tissues. Purpose: To compare the beneficial effects of Metformin, N -acetylcysteine and L-arginine on dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: A total of 35 rats were used with 5 rats randomly allocated in 7 groups. Diabetic model was created by using streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) single dose intraperitoneal (IP). After 48 hours the animals with blood sugar concentration more than 300 mg/dl were considered diabetic. First group and second group were controls with Diabetic Mellitus (DM) rats. The group three, four and five with diabetic rats were given Metformin, N -acetylcysteine (NAC) and L-arginine (L-Arg) respectively. The sixth group of diabetic rats was given combination of Metformin and NAC while the seventh group of diabetic rats was given Metformin and L-Arg. All groups were treated for four weeks. At the end of the experimental period, groups were compared for fasting blood glucose. Statistical analysis: SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used to analyze the whole data. The difference between all the groups was analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: Significant improvement, with regards to the BSF test in L-Arginine Group, Metformin plus L-Arginine Group and the Metformin plus N-acetylcysteine group. Conclusion: It was concluded that in streptozotocin induced diabetic model, hyperglycaemia was significantly attenuated by the use of novel antioxidants; L-Arginine and N-acetylcysteine. Keywords: Hyperglycemia, L-arginine, Metformin, N-acetylcysteine and Streptozotocin.
Preoperative Risk Facors to Convert from Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy to open Cholecystectomy
Authors: Maseer Al-Azawii Firas Kamel , Naiem Nabil Isam , Salih Salam Adil
Published: March 2022

Background: preoperative prediction difficult Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can help the patient as well as the surgeon prepare cholecystectomy Aim to evaluate preoperative risk factors for conversion from Laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy in our setting Patients and Methods: This prospective study include 210 patients who underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy from January 2014 to January 2016 in 3rd surgical unit, Baghdad Teaching Hospital ,Shahid ahmed ismail hospital , Heet General Hospital Full clinical history, preoperative examination, laboratory investigation U/S results and intraoperative details were analyzed to determine risk factors of difficult Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results: Of 210 patients 12(5.7%) required conversion to open cholecystectomy Significant predictors of conversion were 1 Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2. 2 Male gender. 3 Past history of acute cholecystits. 4 Past history of upper abdominal surgery. 5 Gall Bladder wall thickness exceeding 3mm. And the causes of conversion are: 1 In ability to delineate anatomy which occurred in (8) 66.7%. 2 Bleeding which occurred in (3) 25% and, 3 Suspected CBD injury which occurred in (1) 8.3%. Conclusion: Clinical and U/S factors can help predict difficult Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and likelihood conversion of ( Laparoscopic cholecystectomy) to (open cholecystectomy).
Insomnia and its Correlates in Migraine Patients with or without Aura
Authors: Quliti Khalid Al-
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Few studies have investigated the correlates of insomnia severity level in a clinically diagnosed sample of migraine patients. This study explored associated factors of insomnia severity in a sample of Saudi Arabian patients with migraine headaches with/without aura (MA/MWA). Methods: This observational study used a cross-section design, and conveniently selected MA and MWA patients visiting outpatient department at general hospitals, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. The patients completed the Athens Insomnia Scale and an inventory to record sociodemographics and clinical data. Results: Insomnia was highly prevalent (50.6%) in both the MA/MWA patients. Being female (β = .25, p = .01), and overweight-obese (β = .19, p = .05) were associated with increasing insomnia severity. Most MA, and MWA patients were female (70.2%), were undergoing treatment for comorbid conditions (58.3%), and reported no habitual exercise or sports activities (57.1%). Discussion: A high prevalence of insomnia in the MA and MWA patients reinforces insomnia-migraine comorbidity. It may be useful to screen females and migraine patients who are obese for insomnia to better manage this comorbid epidemic. Keywords: migraine; headache; exercise; sleep; insomnia; obesity
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Lipid Profile of Obese and Normal Weight Pregnant Women. A Comparative Study
Authors: . Fakharunissa , Hingoro Rasheeda , Baloch Sanobar
Published: March 2022

Maternal dyslipidemia and hypertension are risk factors and correlated with the pregnancy complications which creates serious biochemical and physiological effects on neonatal outcome. It was concluded that different variables such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoproteins and High density lipoproteins levels (140±11.13, 90±21.9, 169±12.31, 146±2.10, 170±11.10, 49±12.10) and (200±10.12, 100±21.19, 226±10.13, 200±12.11, 230±14.13, 37±16.19) of Group H and Group N have a significant changes (<0.005) as compared to the control Group N (122±1.3, 80±2.9, 120±23,130±21, 115±10, 42±20).
Secretion of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), Heart Reconditioning and Remolding in Elite Endurance Trained Athletes
Authors: Wazir Ali Hafeezullah , Aslam Mohammad , Aziz Sohail , Hussain Muhammad Mazhar
Published: March 2022

Aim / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maximal exercise on the level of cardiac remolding and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) in elite athletes as compared to sedentary healthy subjects and correlation of ANP with the adaptation of athlete’s heart and cardiac remodeling (if any) Place and Duration of Study: The present study was carried out at the Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, with collaboration of Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC) Rawalpindi from June 2003 to May 2004. Methodology: A total number of 44 subjects were included in this study. These comprised of 22 elite endurance athletes and 22 healthy sedentary volunteers as controls. All subjects were examined clinically to rule out the cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases on the basis of medical history, physical examination, and echocardiography. All the selected subjects were examined on a Toshiba Power Vision 6000 echocardiograph for assessing and measuring their LV end-diastolic internal diameter (LVIDd), Diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVSTd), diastolic posterior wall thickness (PWTd). The left ventricular mass was (LVM) was calculated by using the Devereux formula. They were subject to go for ergometer cycle exercise before breakfast. The Blood samples were drawn before and after exercise to assess the level of ANP in their samples. Results: It was found that LVIDd, IVSTd, PWTd, LVM were higher in athletes as compared to their age, sex and BMI matched controls. The ANP levels in athlete’s plasma were also high in post and pre exercise sample as compared to controls. Conclusion: Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and heart rate are lower in endurance elite athletes than matched sedentary controls. The maximal Exercise increases the level of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) in elite athletes significantly as compared to sedentary healthy controls. There was a Positive correlations between ANP and LVIDd, IVSTd, PWTd, and LVM while there was negative correlation between ANP and heart rate, ANP and Blood pressure. However, none of correlation was found to be statistically significant. Keywords: Athlete’s Heart, ANP, Cardiac remodeling in athletes, Echocardiography of heart
A Predictive of Loneliness in Sports Sciences Students: Self-Efficacy
Authors: yaman M. Sibel
Published: March 2022

In this study, it is aimed to examine the predictive power of self-efficacy on loneliness in sports science students. A total of 255 sports science students, 72 female and 183 male, studying in the Coaching Education and Physical Education and Sports Teaching departments of a state university's Faculty of Sports Sciences, participated in the study, which is carried out using the correlational survey model. In the study, data are collected using the "Personal Information Form", "UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8)" and "General Self-Efficacy Scale". Data are analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and Regression technique. When the research findings are examined, it is determined that there is a negative and low-level significant relationship between loneliness and self-efficacy (p<.05). In addition, it is determined that self-efficacy had a negative predictive power on loneliness (p<.05). As a result, the increase in the self-efficacy of sports science students can make them less lonely. Keywords: Sports sciences, student, loneliness, self-efficacy.
The Effect of Functıonal Traınıng and Narrow Area Traınıng Applıed to U14-U15 Category Football Players on Selected Blood Parameters
Authors: Türkay Ibrahim Kubilay , Suna Gürhan , Uzun Melisa Cansu
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of 8-week functional training and narrow field studies on selected blood parameters of U14-U15 football players. Method: A total of 22 football players in the U14-U15 category participated in the study. In the study, functional training and narrow space exercises were performed 3 days a week for 8 weeks in the experimental group, and technical training was performed on the control group 3 days a week for 8 weeks. A "Family Informed Consent (Consent) Form" was obtained from the parents of the athletes who wanted to participate in the study voluntarily. The study was prepared in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Body weights, heights and blood parameters were taken for pre-test and post-test measurements in both groups. Appropriate SPSS statistical program was used in the analysis of the obtained data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether the data showed a normal distribution. Intragroup “Paired t test” to determine whether there is a difference before and after training; The difference between the groups was analyzed using the "Independent-t test". The significance level was evaluated according to the 0.05 significance level. Result: According to the in-group analysis comparison, while there was a significant difference in all pre- and post-test measurements of the experimental group, there was no difference in the control group. According to the comparison of the between-group analysis of the experimental and control groups, a statistically significant diffrence was found in the lactic acid pre-post test and iron pre test measurements, there was no significant diffrence in other measurements. Conclusion: As a result, it has been determined that 8-week functional training and narrow field studies applied to U14-U15 football players have effects on some selected blood parameters. Keywords: Functional training, Narrow area training, Blood parameter, Effect
Eating Attitudes, Menstruation Cycles and Physical Profiles of Turkish Female Elite Artistic Gymnasts
Authors: Tatlibal Pinar
Published: March 2022

It is thought that female artistic gymnasts (AG) who do long-term and high-intensity exercise and whose body fat percentage should be low may have disorders in their eating attitudes and menstruation cycles. These problems can lead to poor performance and, more importantly, undesirable health problems in the future. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the eating attitudes, menstrual cycles and physical profiles of female elite AG who train for long periods and at high intensity. Thirteen elite female AG participated in this study (Turkey National Team gymnasts). The height of all participants was measured with an ultrasonic height meter (Langen Messstab 5003, Germany). Body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, total muscle mass, bone mineral weight, basal metabolic rate and body fluid ratios were determined by body composition monitor (Tanita BC 401, Japan). Eating attitudes of the participants were determined with the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). With the Menstrual Cycle Form, the participants' menstrual cycles, pain conditions during menstruation, whether they had a gynecological operation, whether they gave birth or not, and the use of oral contraceptive pills were obtained. Training histories and temporal training intensities were determined with the Training Information Form. The EAT-26 Test results, which were within the normal range in the results of this study, were not different in gymnasts with and without menarche (p<0.05). However, the fact that 46.2% (6 gymnasts) of the elite female AG with a mean age of 18.31 ± 4.54 years did not start menarche, suggesting primary amenorrhea in these athletes. Keywords: Female artistic gymnasts, eating attitudes, menstruation cycles, physical profiles
How Do We Know if We Live in a Multivariate Universe?
Authors: Bansal Avni
Published: March 2022

This paper reviews two studies that deal with the simulation of false vacuum bubble collisions and decay, and proposes that searching for evidence of particle scattering outcomes that would result from false vacuum bubble collisions in the CMBR could support the inflationary multiverse hypothesis.
Presentación
Authors: Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales
Published: March 2022

La Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE) tiene la enorme satisfacción de presentar la revista Elecciones, que alcanza su décimo quinta edición. Esta publicación recopila trabajos de reconocidos especialistas en temas políticos y electorales, del ámbito nacional e internacional.

Los temas centrales de esta edición son “Elecciones presidenciales en el Perú y América Latina” y “Reforma electoral: iniciativa y análisis”. Con ambos temas se busca aportar al análisis y debate académico sobre las particularidades de los procesos electorales, sistemas políticos y las necesidades de impulsar una reforma que resulta oportuna y necesaria en un contexto cambiante como el actual latinoamericano. Además se cuenta con una sección especial sobre historia electoral, política y social.
A New Improved Classical Iterative Algorithm for Solving System of Linear Equations
Authors: Baloch Muhammad Shakeel Rind , Kalhoro Zubair Ahmed , Khalil Mir Sarfraz , Shaikh Prof. Abdul Wasim
Published: March 2022

The fundamental problem of linear algebra is to solve the system of linear equations (SOLE’s). To solve SOLE’s, is one of the most crucial topics in iterative methods. The SOLE’s occurs throughout the natural sciences, social sciences, engineering, medicine and business. For the most part, iterative methods are used for solving sparse SOLE’s. In this research, an improved iterative scheme namely, ‘’a new improved classical iterative algorithm (NICA)’’ has been developed. The proposed iterative method is valid when the co-efficient matrix of SOLE’s is strictly diagonally dominant (SDD), irreducibly diagonally dominant (IDD), M-matrix, Symmetric positive definite with some conditions and H-matrix. Such types of SOLE’s does arise usually from ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) and partial differential equations (PDE’s). The proposed method reduces the number of iterations, decreases spectral radius and increases the rate of convergence. Some numerical examples are utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of NICA over Jacobi (J), Gauss Siedel (GS), Successive Over Relaxation (SOR), Refinement of Jacobi (RJ), Second Refinement of Jacobi (SRJ), Generalized Jacobi (GJ) and Refinement of Generalized Jacobi (RGJ) methods.
Comparison of prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine with ephedrine for prevention of hypotension in elective lower segment caesarian section under spinal anasthesia
Authors: Ray Harekrishna , Biswal Madhumita , Pradhan Basanta Kumar , Misra Sujata , Murmu Mangal Charan
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Hypotension is the most important complication following spinal anesthesia for caesarian delivery, which can produce adverse maternal symptoms and neonatal acid-base effects. Prompt effective treatment is considered essential to prevent fetal academia.  Ephedrine and phenylephrine are two drugs known to prevent the hypotension following spinal anesthesia. Aim & Objective: Comparative evaluation of effect of prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine and ephedrine as a vasopressor therapy in spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing caesarian section and their effect on neonatal outcome. Observation: ephedrine and phenylephrine both maintained systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, but ephedrine group required more additional bolous than phenylephrine group (p value <0.001). Phenylephrine group had acceptable pH value and lower acidosis than ephedrine group (p value <0.05). Conclusion: prophylactic Phenylephrine in a dose of 15 mcg/min is more efficacious in Comparision to Ephedrine 1.5 mg/min in maintaining arterial blood pressure following spinal anesthesia for caesarian section and has less neonatal acidosis.
Clinical relevance of skin prick test in atopic dermatitis patients at allergy immunology division dermatovenerology outpatient clinic Dr. Soetomo general academic teaching hospital Surabaya
Authors: Nugroho Wisnu Triadi , Ervianti Evy , Zulkarnain Iskandar , Hidayati Afif Nurul , Damayanti Damayanti , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Utomo Budi
Published: March 2022

Background: Positive specific IgE tests, including skin prick test (SPT), for several food allergens are frequently found in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients, most of which have no clinical relevance and are associated only with atopy. This study aimed to determine the allergic history of AD patients who were subjected to SPT and to determine its clinical relevance. This is a descriptive retrospective study on AD patients who were subjected to SPT from 2017 to 2019 using secondary data. Allergy history, SPT results, and its clinical relevance were collected and analyzed. From a total of 284 AD patients, only 60 patients who were subjected to SPT. Most of the patients had dust allergy (50.0%) and house dust mite (HDM) allergen also had the highest positive SPT result (63.3%). Furthermore, the highest clinical relevance was found in HDM allergen (93.3%). This study shows that most AD patients were allergic to dust. The highest positive SPT result was found in HDM allergen, where ultimately this allergen also had the highest clinical relevance.
Evaluation of postoperative complications following management of mandibular fractures with open reduction & internal fixation under regional anaesthesia
Authors: Wadde Kavita , Chowdhar Asha , Ghodake Monali , Rathod Sandip
Published: March 2022

Aim: To assess the rate of postoperative complications and its association with respect to aetiology, gender, age, time lapse between injury and commencement of treatment, history of substance abuse, number and location of the fractures in mandibular fracture patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) under regional anaesthesia. Materials and method: All patients fulfilling the selection criteria with mandible fracture reporting to our institution, from March 2017 to August 2021, were included in the study and were divided into three groups based on anatomic site involved. Patient’s records were analysed for deriving complications that occurred during the postoperative period of ORIF andassociation with different variables. The values were subjected to Chi-square tests. Results: Out of 160 study population, patients with combined Para symphysis involving angle (Group C) were reported with the highest number of complications such as minor occlusal discrepancies (20.4%), surgical site infection (4.1%), wound dehiscence and paraesthesia (4.1%) as compared to fractures involving symphysis & para symphysis region (Group A and Group B respectively). Conclusion: The most common postoperative complication in this study was surgical site infection which can be managed effectively with local wound care, antibiotics and can be prevented with aseptic technique.
concepto de pueblo y el origen de la autoridad en las independencias de las colonias españolas de América
Authors: Grenni Héctor
Published: March 2022

A principios del siglo XIX, en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XIX, se independizaron casi todas las colonias españolas en América.2 En dos décadas se desmoronó el inmenso imperio español en América, que duraba ya tres  siglos. En casi todas las entidades administrativas del imperio español surgieron movimientos que condujeron a las independencias. Generalmente, estos movimientos fueron conducidos por la clase de los criollos, derivaron en cruentas guerras contra los ejércitos españoles y llevaron a la formación de repúblicas oligárquicas. Este trabajo indaga acerca de la representatividad de quienes firmaron las actas de independencia, y el uso de la palabra `pueblo` en esos movimientos.
PENGARUH SARANA PRASARANA DAN TUNJANGAN TERHADAP PRESTASI KERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PEMUDA DAN OLAHRAGA KABUPATEN LAHAT
Authors: Noprati Lopa
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh sarana prasaran dan tunjangan terhadap Prestasi Kerja Pegawai Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga Kabupaten Lahatbaik secara simultan dan parsial.  Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 40 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sensus sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dimana terdapat dua variabel yaitu sarana prasarana dan tunjangan sebagai variabel bebas (independent) dan prestasi kerja sebagai variabel terikat (dependent). Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, dilihat secara parsial dengan uji t bahwa sarana prasarana terdapat berpengaruh yang positif terhadap prestasi kerja dengan thitung (7,908) > ttabel (2,021), tunjangan berpengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas kerja dengan thitung (6,052) > ttabel (2,021) Selanjutnya dalam uji pengaruh secara simultan dengan uji F menunjukkan bahwa sarana prasarana dan tunjagan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja dengan Fhitung (143,838) > Ftabel (2,83). Dan secara koefisien determinasi menunjukkan  88  %, sedangkan sisanya sebesar  12 % dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukan dalam model penelitian ini, seperti variabel kepemimpinan, motivasi kerja, disiplin kerja, beban kerja, promosi jabatan, pengalaman kerja, pendidikan dan pelatihan dan lain sebagainya
PENGARUH PENEMPATAN KERJA DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS KETAHANAN PANGAN KABUPATEN LAHAT
Authors: Tiara Sari
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh penempatan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Lahat, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh pengembangan karir terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Lahat dan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh penempatan kerja dan pengembagan karir  terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Lahat.  Data primer dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuisioner kepada 35  orang pegawai  pegawai pada Dinas Ketahanan Pangan  Kabupaten Lahat.Teknik analisa data yang digunakan Aplikasi SPSS versi 23.0, dengan menggunakan pengujian data, dan pengujian satatistik.Dari hasil analisa data terhadap variabel yang diteliti yaitu penempatan kerja dan pengembangan karirmenunjukkan adanya pengaruh terhadap kinerja  pegawai Dinas Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Lahat secara simultan dan parsial
ESTIGMATIZAÇÃO DA PROFILAXIA PRÉ-EXPOSIÇÃO (PREP) COMO BARREIRA À ADESÃO DA PREVENÇÃO COMBINADA NO BRASIL
Authors: Marques dos Santos Maria Fernanda , Souza Guimarães Graziella , De Souza Mantovani Marina , Pereira Alvarenga Vyctor , Camargos Lima Ana Luiza , Soares Orçay Ana Alice
Published: March 2022

Introdução- A AIDS é uma doença autoimune causada pelo HIV. Atualmente o Brasil possui mais de 900 mil pessoas infectadas por esse vírus. Para evitar ou tratar a infecção existe métodos como a prevenção combinada, que associa variados métodos preventivos ao HIV, às IST e às hepatites virais. Dentro da prevenção combinada, temos a Profilaxia pré-exposição (PrEP) e a Profilaxia pós-exposição (PEP). Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a estigmatização do uso da PrEP como um dos principais desafios para a adesão da prevenção combinada ao HIV. Metodologia- Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura de artigos indexados no PubMed, entre 2013 e 2021. Resultados- A análise dos artigos selecionados para revisão evidenciaram o estigma relacionado ao indivíduo portador de HIV como uma das principais barreiras à essa implementação e continuação. Discussão- Além do estigma, verificou-se que a desinformação, o receio de realizar o teste para HIV, dúvidas sobre eficácia do medicamento e risco de compensação, assim como falhas estruturais da sociedade contribuem  para a limitada utilização da PrEP no Brasil. Conclusão -O estigma ligado aos usuários de PrEP compromete a sua adesão. Ainda, discursos discriminatórios aliados ao déficit de incentivos, por meio da saúde pública, contribuem para a estigmatização e poucas informações difundidas acerca da prevenção combinada.
MicroRNA as significant biomarkers of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis
Authors: Raskurazhev Anton A. , Shabalina Alla A. , Kuznetsova Polina I. , Tanashyan Marine M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) is one of the main causes of ischaemic stroke. MicroRNA is a relatively new group of biomarkers, some of which are associated with atherogenesis.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of several microRNAs in patients with cerebrovascular disease, depending on the severity of CA.
Materials and methods. The study included 50 people (median age 66 [61; 71] years, 58% men) with cerebrovascular disease secondary to CA. The patients were divided into two groups: 16 patients (32%) had 70% internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (main group), while the remaining 34 patients had 70% stenosis and formed the comparison group. Expression of the following microRNAs was measured: miR-126-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-29-5p, miR-29-3p, miR-33a-5p, miR-33a-3p, miR-21-5p and miR-21-3p.
Results. Compared to the comparison group, patients with a high degree of CA had reduced expression of miR-126-5p/-3p (4.8 and 5.9 vs. 8.5 and 7.6, respectively; p 0.001) and miR-29-3p (7.6 vs. 10.3; p 0.001), while miR-33a-5p expression was elevated (46.3 vs. 40.0; p 0.05). Cluster analysis confirmed typical expression patterns of these microRNAs in patients with varying degrees of ICA stenosis. Significant negative correlations were also found between the degree of stenosis and expression of miR-126-5p ( = 0.83; р 0.05), miR-126-3p ( = 0.64; р 0.05) and miR-29-3p ( = 0.62; р 0.05).
Conclusion. Based on an analysis of patients with cerebral atherosclerosis, the studied microRNAs can be divided into proatherogenic (miR-33a-5p/-3p) and atheroprotective (miR-126-5p/-3p, miR-29-3p, and mir-21-5p/-3p). These biomarkers can be diagnostically useful in predicting the risk of both CA progression and acute cerebrovascular accidents, yet prospective studies are required.
Expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons after olfactory stimulation in the mouse piriform cortex during postnatal development
Authors: Panina Yulia A. , Uspenskaya Yulia A. , Lopatina Olga L. , Salmina Alla B.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The control of the survival and differentiation of immature neurons in the piriform cortex of rodents, which can transform into GABAergic and/or glutamatergic neurons under the influence of olfactory stimuli, is an important factor for prevention of neurological dysfunction.
The aim of the study was to assess the expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons after olfactory stimulation (OS) in the mouse piriform cortex during postnatal development.
Materials and methods. The study was carried out on CD1 male mice aged 2 (n = 20; group Р2), 21 (n = 20; group Р21) and 60 (n = 20; group Р60) days. The mice were presented with olfactory stimuli, and brain tissue was collected for immunohistochemical analysis 2 hours, 24 hours and 7 days later, to assess glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) expression.
Results. OS in the group P2 animals increased VGlut1 expression in the first 2 hours after OS, followed by a return to baseline level by day 7, while GAD67 expression showed no significant changes. The animals in group P21 showed increased expression of VGlut1 and GAD67 two hours after OS, followed by a significant decrease. Expression of both molecules demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the group P60 animals 24 hours after OS, and remained at the same level on day 7 (GAD67) or returned to baseline levels (VGlut1).
Conclusion. OS increases the number of GABAergic (GAD67+) и glutamatergic (VGlut1+) neurons in the piriform cortex (P60). The predominance of glutamatergic effects is a possible mechanism for associative memory cell recruitment.
Bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus under local and general anaesthesia
Authors: Asriyants Svetlana V. , Tomskiy Alexey A. , Gamaleya Anna A. , Poddubskaya Anna A. , Sedov Alexey S. , Pronin Igor N.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is successfully used to treat advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. The standard surgical technique includes microelectrode recording and intraoperative stimulation. The introduction of 3T MRI into clinical practice and new impulse sequences have led to the question of whether the surgery can be performed under general anaesthesia.
Aim of the study: to compare the efficacy and safety of bilateral stimulation of STN in patients with Parkinson's disease, using 3T MRI under local and general anaesthesia.
Materials and methods. This prospective, randomized controlled study included 40 patients, who underwent electrode implantation using 3T MRI. The patients in the main group (n = 20) had electrodes implanted under general anaesthesia, while the control group (n = 20) had local anaesthesia, intraoperative stimulation and microelectrode recording. The patients motor status, quality of life, cognitive function and required levodopa dose were evaluated after 6 months.
Results. The results of 6 months of stimulation were obtained from 30 patients (15 from the main group and 15 from the control group). Reduced motor impairment was observed in both groups as measured on the UPDRS III scale during the 'off' time, with a reduction of 68.7% in the main group and 74.7% in the control group. Improved quality of life, reduced drug-induced motor complications and a reduction in the levodopa dose were also comparable in both groups. No intraoperative haemorrhagic complications were recorded during the study.
Conclusions. Preliminary analysis of the data showed that with high-quality visualization of the STN, electrode implantation under anaesthesia is equally effective to awake surgery.
Clinical observations of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy with and without neurological symptoms
Authors: Kotov Sergey V. , Sidorova Olga P. , Borodataya Elena V. , Vasilenko Irina A. , Borodin Alexander V.
Published: March 2022

Three case studies of adults with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy with and without neurological symptoms are presented. An elevated blood lactate level and changes in the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes in peripheral blood lymphocytes were noted. Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (G3460A in one patient and G11778A in two patients) were found. The patient with a G3460A mutation, in addition to reduced visual acuity, was diagnosed with a cerebellar disorder due to cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. These changes are indications for prescribing energotropic drugs (idebenone, carnitine); carnosine can also be prescribed. These case studies show that patients with optic nerve atrophy should be assessed for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis should be performed, since this condition often presents as optic neuropathy.
Studies on the Flora of Tarai Region of Kumaun
Authors: Mathur Anjali , Joshi Hema
Published: March 2022

The tarai region of Kumaun which represents sub tropical vegetation was explored for the floristic diversity in year 2008-2011. A total of 429 species under 317 genera of vascular plants i.e., Angiosperm belonging to 95 families were recorded. These are listed in present communication.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI SMP NEGERI 8 PAGAR ALAM
Authors: Misrania Yulia , Feriyansyah Ahmad , Diana Herma
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan pengaruh

disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja guru di SMP Negeri 8 Pagar Alam. Populasi dalam

penelitian ini sedikit dan kurang dari 100 orang. Maka teknik pengambilan sampel

dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sampling jenuh. Dimana seluruh anggota populasi

dijadikan sampel. Jadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 47 orang guru SMP Negeri

8 Pagar Alam. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini

adalah dengan kuesioner dan wawancara. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah

analisis regresi linier sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa

disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru di SMP

Negeri 8 Pagar Alam.
Therapeutic effect of garlic containing S-allyl cysteine and Diallyl-di-sulfide on improving blood lipid profile
Authors: Siddiqa Ayesha , Basharat Shahnai , Mubarik Fizza , Farooq Fatima , Ali Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular-related diseases are considered as the major risk for health and may lead to many illnesses. Hyperlipidemia is the highest common cause of diseases related to heart known as CHD. Since ancient times, innumerable herbs and organic foods are used to treat diseases among which garlic has been shown beneficial for treating hyperlipidemia and normalizing lipid profile levels. Garlic may be used in different forms like powder, tablets, extracts or after ageing. Its sulfur containing compounds like allicin, S-allylcysteine, alliin, ajoene, diallyl disulfide are proven to have the pharmacological benefits. The main aim of the current review is to analyze and evaluate the studies regarding anti-hyperlipidemic effects of garlic and its supplements on normalizing lipid profile among hyperlipidemicsubjects.After analyzing different studies being carried out earlier, it is concluded that garlic is effective in managing lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL levels among people with hyperlipidemia ranging from mild to moderate intensity.
ASSOCIATION OF HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEPRESSION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS
Authors: Khawar Sara , Ilyas Hamna , Tauqeer Sana Tauqeer , Khawar Arfa , Rubab Hafiza Iqra , Shakeel Hammad
Published: March 2022

Depression is greatly affect the health related quality of life inundergraduate nursing students and the prevalence of depression is extended day by day, as thenursing students have to face variety of problems and issue likehealth related issue, poor qualityof life, difficulty in focusing, feeling embraced and death anxiety because of their poor academicsystem and clinical performance. During the clinical practice the nursing students have to takedecision that how to give proper care and attention to patient, so the lack of confidence andanxiety result into stress and depression. The educational institutes should make better strategiesto improve the poor academic and clinical practice and then automatically depression decreasesaswell asthe healthrelatedissuesresolve. Objective: The purpose of the study is to determine the association of health related quality oflifeand depression among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This was observational study conducted on both female and male students at ShalimarTeaching Hospital, Lahore. A sample of 187 students was selected using non probabilitypurposive sampling. Students were selected by using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.After taking permission letter from the Hospital each student fill the Beck Depression Inventoryand SF (36) questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version-21.0. Mean and standarddeviation were calculated for quantitative variables and data was presented in the form offrequency and percentage. Results: The result is evaluated by applying chi-square test which shows that there is strongassociation between physical health and depression because the (p<0.05) and p value is 0.00,there is no association between mental health and depression among undergraduate nursingstudentsbecause the (p>0.05) and in thegiven result the p value is0.13. Conclusion: The study concluded that their association of health related quality of life anddepression among undergraduate nursing student from the two variables of QoL, the physicalhealthisstronglyaffectedwithdepressionbutthementalhealthisnotaffectedwithdepression
Translating And Validating of The Foot & Ankle Disability Index (FADI) Questionnaire In Urdu
Authors: Rehman Mukhlis ul , Umer Malaika , Riaz Muhammed Usman , Zaheer Maha , Mian Tayyaba Mustafa , Altaf Sana
Published: March 2022

To determine the translation and validation of questionnaire FADI into Urdu.METHODS:It was a cross cultural adaptation study. Data of 130 patients of age 16 to 50 year, was taken from hospital, general population or the people who are visiting orthopedic surgeon in the duration of 6 months. Guidelines of Gullimen F have been followed by researcher for this study. RESULTS:The results remained in the favor of Urdu translation. Value of the cronbach alpha coefficient (0.96-0.97) showed the excellent internal consistency. Composite reliability (CR) i.e 0.964 indicates excellent validity. Average variance extracts (AVE) (0.532) which indicates that all the items are having acceptable convergent validity. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) value (0.966) indicates the excellent consistency. P value of FADI index 1.000 and P value of Urdu score .059 showed that there is non-significant difference of mean Urdu score with English score. Kappa statistics of all the items are mentioned in statistical results.CONCLUSION:This study concluded that The FOOT & ANKLE DISABILITY INDEX (FADI) QUESTIONNAIRE converted in Urdu have excellent internal consistency, high reliability of the items, excellent validity and acceptable convergent validity.
Effectiveness of Maitland And Mulligan Mobilization In Cervical Radiculopathy Patients
Authors: Niaz Mehwish , Zafar Amirah , Sadiq Umar , Adil Hassan Bin , Akhtar Saad Kamal
Published: March 2022

The objective of the study is to differentiate the effectiveness of Mulligan and Maitland mobilization in cervical radiculopathy. Methods: 200 patients were selected and divided by lottery method into two groups. In one group i.e., Group A Maitland mobilization and in group B Mulligan mobilization was given. Patients were followed till 2 weeks. Results: There were 124(62%) male and 76(38%) female cases in study. The average age in group-A and group-B was 38.90 ± 6.97 years and 42.07±7.03 years, p-value 0.085. Before treatment the mean of pain in both group were calculated. So, in group-A was 7.40±1.45 and in group-B was 7.63±1.27 respectively, with insignificant difference. After treatment the mean pain in group-A was 3.40±1.73 and group-B was 2.53±1.57 respectively, P-value< 0.05 with significantly much less pain in group-B. The difference of pain represents in group-A and group-B was 3.77±2.18 and 4.90±1.83 while group A shows better results with, p-value < 0.05.  Before treatment range of motion was restricted in all patients, while after treatment 80% of cases achieved normal range of movement in group-A while in group-B 92% cases achieved normal movement range. The improvement in both study groups was significantly higher at 2nd week of treatment, but in group B the improvement was higher when compared to group-A, p-value. Conclusion: The study concluded “Mulligan technique is much more effective than Maitland technique in terms of less pain and normal range of motion for cervical radiculopathy patients”.