bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building in vitro tools for livestock genomics: chromosomal variation within the PK15 cell line
Authors: Johnsson M. , Hickey J. M. , Jungnickel M. K.
Published: January 2024

Background

Cultured porcine cell lines are powerful tools for functional genomics and in vitro phenotypic testing of candidate causal variants. However, to be utilised for genomic or variant interrogation assays, the genome sequence and structure of cultured cell lines must be realised. In this work, we called variants and used read coverage in combination with within-sample allele frequency to detect potential aneuploidy in two immortalised porcine kidney epithelial (PK15) cell lines and in a pig embryonic fibroblast line.

Results

We compared two PK15 cultured cells samples: a new American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) sample and one that has been utilised and passaged within the laboratory for an extended period (> 10 years). Read coverage and within-sample allele frequencies showed that several chromosomes are fully or partially aneuploid in both PK15 lines, including potential trisomy of chromosome 4 and tetrasomy of chromosome 17. The older PK15 line showed evidence of additional structural variation and potentially clonal variation. By comparison, the pig embryonic fibroblast line was free from the gross aneuploidies seen in the PK15s.

Conclusions

Our results show that the PK15 cell lines examined have aneuploidies and complex structural variants in their genomes. We propose that screening for aneuploidy should be considered for cell lines, and discuss implications for livestock genomics.
A study of genetic variants associated with skin traits in the Vietnamese population
Authors: Hoang Tham Hong , Vu Duc Minh , Vu Giang Minh , Nguyen Thien Khac , Do Nguyet Minh , Duong Vinh Chi , Pham Thang Luong , Tran Mai Hoang , Khanh Nguyen Ly Thi , Han Han Thi Tuong , Can Thu-Thuy , Pham Thai Hong , Pham Tho Duc , Nguyen Thanh Hong , Do Huy Phuoc , Vo Nam S. , Nguyen Xuan-Hung
Published: January 2024

Background

Most skin-related traits have been studied in Caucasian genetic backgrounds. A comprehensive study on skin-associated genetic effects on underrepresented populations such as Vietnam is needed to fill the gaps in the field.

Objectives

We aimed to develop a computational pipeline to predict the effect of genetic factors on skin traits using public data (GWAS catalogs and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from the 1000 Genomes Project-1KGP) and in-house Vietnamese data (WGS and genotyping by SNP array). Also, we compared the genetic predispositions of 25 skin-related traits of Vietnamese population to others to acquire population-specific insights regarding skin health.

Methods

Vietnamese cohorts of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 1008 healthy individuals for the reference and 96 genotyping samples (which do not have any skin cutaneous issues) by Infinium Asian Screening Array-24 v1.0 BeadChip were employed to predict skin-associated genetic variants of 25 skin-related and micronutrient requirement traits in population analysis and correlation analysis. Simultaneously, we compared the landscape of cutaneous issues of Vietnamese people with other populations by assessing their genetic profiles.

Results

The skin-related genetic profile of Vietnamese cohorts was similar at most to East Asian cohorts (JPT: Fst = 0.036, CHB: Fst = 0.031, CHS: Fst = 0.027, CDX: Fst = 0.025) in the population study. In addition, we identified pairs of skin traits at high risk of frequent co-occurrence (such as skin aging and wrinkles (r = 0.45, p = 1.50e-5) or collagen degradation and moisturizing (r = 0.35, p = 1.1e-3)).

Conclusion

This is the first investigation in Vietnam to explore genetic variants of facial skin. These findings could improve inadequate skin-related genetic diversity in the currently published database.
The effect of virtual interactive nurse-led support group intervention on fatigue, shock anxiety, and acceptance of implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Rambod Masoume , Rohaninasab Samira , Pasyar Nilofar , Nikoo Mohammad Hossein
Published: January 2024

Background

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), as a gold and standard treatment for fatal cardiac arrhythmia, may lead to some physical and psychological problems for the patients. Therefore, performing some interventions to reduce or eliminate these issues is crucial. This study aimed to determine the effect of virtual interactive nurse-led support group intervention on fatigue, shock anxiety, and acceptance of ICD patients.

Methods

This is a clinical trial study on 72 patients with ICD. They were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 36) and control (n = 36) groups. A virtual interactive nurse-led support group intervention through WhasApp was performed for one month. Multidimensional fatigue inventory, Florida Shock Anxiety Scale, and Florida Patient Acceptance Scale were used. Data were analyzed to perform the analysis of data through SPSS, using independent and paired-t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, and ANCOVA.

Results

Before the intervention, no significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to fatigue, shock anxiety, and ICD acceptance. However, after the intervention, a significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to fatigue, shock anxiety, and ICD acceptance (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study showed that virtual interactive nurse-led support group intervention reduced fatigue and shock anxiety and improved the ICD acceptance.

Practice implications

This flexible, accessible, and interactive nurse-led support group intervention is suggested to be used for ICD patients.

Trial registration

This trial was registered and approved by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Trial Id: 60,738, date: (24/02/2022). (https://www.irct.ir/trial/60738).
Rhabdomyolysis in older adults: outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Morin Anne-Gaëlle , Somme Dominique , Corvol Aline
Published: January 2024

Background

Rhabdomyolysis is a common condition in older adults, often associated with falls. However, prognostic factors for rhabdomyolysis have mainly been studied in middle-aged populations.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that age influences rhabdomyolysis prognostic factors.

Methods

This retrospective single-center observational study included all patients with a creatine kinase (CK) level greater than five times normal, admitted to Rennes University Hospital between 2013 and 2019. The primary endpoint was 30-day in-hospital mortality rate.

Results

343 patients were included (median age: 75 years). The mean peak CK was 21,825 IU/L. Acute renal failure occurred in 57.7% of the cases. For patients aged 70 years and over, the main etiology was prolonged immobilization after a fall. The 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10.5% (23 deaths). The Charlson score, number of medications and CK and creatinine levels varied according to age. Multivariate analysis showed age to be a factor that was associated, although not proportionally, with 30-day in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion

Factors influencing rhabdomyolysis severity were not randomly distributed according to age. The term rhabdomyolysis encompasses various clinical realities and is associated with different mechanisms. More research is needed to better understand the physio-pathological and prognostic factors of rhabdomyolysis, especially in older adults.
Association between obesity, physical activity, and cognitive decline in Chinese middle and old-aged adults: a mediation analysis
Authors: Xu Xin , Xu Yi , Shi Ruolin
Published: January 2024

Background and objectives

Epidemiological evidence on obesity and cognitive decline in middle and old-aged individuals is controversial and the effect of physical activity in this chain is sparse and limited. This study aimed to characterize the association between obesity and cognitive decline and the mediating role of physical activity.

Methods

Data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used, including 7,392 participants aged ≥ 45 years between 2011 and 2018. Cognitive function was assessed via episodic memory and mental status. The total score of cognitive function was the sum of the above two dimensions (0–31 points). The Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was applied to identify the potential heterogeneity of longitudinal changes in cognitive function. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate associations between obesity and cognitive trajectories, taking body mass index (BMI) as the indicator of obesity. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the potential causal chain in which physical activity mediates the relationship between BMI and cognitive decline.

Results

Of the 7,392 analyzed patients (mean [SD] age, 58.0 [8.5] years; 3,916 [53%] male), the median (interquartile range [IQR]) of BMI was 23.4 (21.1–26.0). Four trajectories were identified by the GBTM model, including the high stable (14.9%), the middle stable (46.0%), the middle decline (29.9%), and the low decline groups (9.2%). After controlling potential confounders, obesity was associated with the low decline groups compared with normal weight (adjusted OR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70–0.94). Mediation analyses showed that only vigorous physical activity significantly explained 5.94% (95% CI, 0.29-11.60%) of the relationship between obesity and cognitive decline. Sensitivity analyses in different subgroups showed comparable results.

Conclusion

This study suggests that vigorous physical activity mediates less than 10% of the association between obesity and cognitive decline in middle and old-aged adults. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential factors related to the obesity paradox in the cognitive field.
Trends and factors associated with recent HIV testing among women in Haiti: a cross-sectional study using data from nationally representative surveys
Authors: Joseph Fanor , Jean Simon David , Kondo Tokpovi Vénunyé Claude , Kiragu Ann , Toudeka Marie-Reine Ayawavi Sitsope , Nazaire Roodjmie
Published: January 2024

Introduction

In the Latin America and Caribbean region, Haiti is one of the countries with the highest rates of HIV. Therefore, this study examined the factors associated with HIV testing among women in Haiti and trends in HIV testing in 2006, 2012, and 2016/17.

Methods

Data from the last three Haitian Demographic and Health Surveys (2006, 2012, and 2016/17) were used. The analysis was restricted to women aged of 15–49 years who made their sexual debut. STATA/SE 16.0 was employed to analyze the data by computing descriptive statistics, Chi‑square, and multilevel regression model to describe the trends and identify factors associated with HIV testing in Haiti. P-value less than 0.05 was taken as a significant association.

Results

HIV testing prevalence increased more than twofold from 2006 (8.8%) to 2017 (21.3%); however, it decreased by 11.6% between 2012 and 2016/17. Additionally, the results indicated that age, place of residence, region, education level, wealth index, mass media exposure, marital status, health insurance, age at first sex and number of sexual partners were significantly associated with HIV testing.

Conclusions

To significantly increase HIV testing prevalence among women, the Haitian government must invest much more in their health education while targeting vulnerable groups (youth, women in union, and women with low economic status).
“How can a woman live without having a breast?”: challenges related to mastectomy in Ethiopia
Authors: Wondimagegnehu Abigiya , Teferra Solomon , Assefa Mathewos , Zebrack Bradley , Addissie Adamu , Kantelhardt Eva J.
Published: January 2024

Background

Although mastectomy is the standard treatment modality for breast cancer patients in Ethiopia, our previous study revealed that one in five patients do not receive the recommended procedure, half due to patient refusal or lack of returning to the hospital. Therefore, this study aimed to explore reasons for refusing mastectomy and identify challenges among breast cancer patients in Ethiopia.

Methods

An explorative qualitative study was conducted in four hospitals located in the towns of Woliso, Butajira, Hossana, and Assela. A total of 14 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with breast cancer patients, patient relatives, and health professionals. Four semi-structured interview guides were used to facilitate the IDIs and FDGs. All recorded IDIs and FGDs were transcribed and translated verbatim and entered in NVivo 12 software. Emerging ideas were categorised and explained using an inductive content analysis approach.

Results

Our participants reported that particularly elderly and very young women refuse to have mastectomy. The main reasons identified in this study were summarised into six themes: (i) fear of the surgical procedure, (ii) religious beliefs and practice, (iii) utilisation of traditional treatments, (iv) in relation to having a baby and breastfeeding their children (young patients often request to remove only the lump, leaving their breast tissue intact), (v) lack of awareness about the disease, and (vi) sociocultural factors and advice from the community that influence women, since breasts are considered an attribute of femininity, beauty, and motherhood. In addition, knowing someone who died after mastectomy emerged as a main reason for not having breast cancer surgery.

Conclusions

High refusal rate for mastectomy has direct implication on increased breast cancer mortality. Hence, expansion of radiotherapy service is instrumental to initiate breast-conserving surgery as an alternative surgical procedure, especially for young women with early-stage breast cancer. Involving religious leaders, traditional healers, and breast cancer survivors could be an effective strategy to persuade newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Addressing individual patient psychosocial needs and preferences may substantially improve retention of breast cancer patients in the health system.
Prevalence and predictors of diarrhea among children under five in Ghana
Authors: Kombat Marian Yenupini , Kushitor Sandra Boatemaa , Sutherland Edward Kofi , Boateng Millicent Ofori , Manortey Stephen
Published: January 2024

Background

Globally, childhood diarrhea is a major public health concern. Despite numerous interventions that have been put in place to reduce its incidence over the years, childhood diarrhea remains a problem and is the fourth leading cause of child mortality in Ghana. This study examined the predictors of diarrhea among children under the age of five in Ghana.

Methods

Data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health survey, a cross-sectional survey, was used for the purpose of this study. A total of 2,547 children under the age of five were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the factors associated with childhood diarrhea and ascertain explanatory variables.

Results

The prevalence of diarrhea was 11.7%. Male children (13.4%) and those living in rural areas (12%), particularly in the Brong Ahafo region (17%) recorded the highest prevalence of diarrhea. Children aged 6 to 35 months of age, maternal age and education, sex of children and region of residence were the predictors of diarrhea among children under the age of five years in this study.

Conclusion

To lessen the prevalence of diarrhea among children under five in Ghana, existing interventions must be evaluated in the context of the predictors identified. Based on observations deduced from this study, the Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Service and other health regulatory agencies should intensify monitoring and awareness in the various regions, particularly in the transition and savannah zones on the causes, risk factors, and methods of preventing diarrhea in children under five. Various stakeholders including government and non-governmental organizations should take into account the predictors of diarrhea identified in the design of interventions to effectively reduce morbidity and mortality associated with childhood diarrhea.
Smartphone addiction prevalence, patterns of use, and experienced musculoskeletal discomfort during the COVID-19 pandemic in a general Iranian population
Authors: Mokhtarinia Hamid Reza , Torkamani Maryam Heydari , Farmani Nasim , Gabel Charles Philip
Published: January 2024

Background

Smartphone usage is an essential everyday tool in Iran, however problematic use has escalated and become a concern for the Iranian health policy system, particularly during and following the COVID-19 Pandemic. This study’s aim was investigation of the prevalence of smartphone addiction, patterns of use, and the relationship to specific demographic characteristics and associated musculoskeletal disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A descriptive-analytical correlational study recruited participants from a population of convenience (n = 2344) who were smartphone owners with > 1 year of use. For demographic information an electronic self-report questionnaire collected age, sex, marital status, usage for daily hours, and patterns. To assess addiction levels, the ‘Smartphone Addiction Scale-short version’ (SAS-SV) patient-reported outcome measure was used (cut-off = 31). For experienced discomfort, the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (ENMQ) was used.

Results

The participants (female = 66.6%, n = 1561, mean age = 29.07 ± 12.34 years, range 6–60 years) smartphone use averaged 5.75 ± 3.44 h/day. The general prevalence of smartphone addiction was 46.16% (females = 46.06%, males = 46.36%; married = 44.5%, single = 47.63%). School students had the greatest addiction (53.2%) and those with a higher education to or above a Master’s degree were the lowest (39.38%). The highest pattern of use was for social networks at 89.1% of participants (female = 88.34%, male = 90.54%). The areas of highest reported discomfort were the eyes (43.5%) and neck (43.3%). A significant correlation was found between smartphone addiction and hours of daily usage, and the amount of usage increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Conclusion

A high level of smartphone addiction in the Iranian population was found to have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Those most affected were unmarried individuals and school students, with the predominant areas being the eyes and neck. Health decision-makers should consider these findings when developing recommendations and plans for public health, particularly those focused on students.
Build angle effect on 3D-printed dental crowns marginal fit using digital light-processing and stereo-lithography technology: an in vitro study
Authors: Farag Engy , Sabet Ahmed , Ebeid Kamal , El Sergany Omar
Published: January 2024

Background

The effect of 3D printing technology and build angle on the marginal fit of printed crowns is unclear. The objective of this research was to use digital light processing (DLP) and stereo-lithography (SLA)-based 3D printing to construct single restorations with varied build angles and to analyze the crowns′ marginal fit.

Methods

A prepared resin first molar was scanned utilizing an optical scanner. Three build orientations were used to construct the specimens: 0, 45, and 90º. DLP and SLA technology were used to produce the casting patterns. A digital microscope was used to measure the marginal gaps. The effect of build orientation was statistically analyzed by using Two-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise Tukey test.

Results

Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of printer technology and build angle on the marginal discrepancy of 3D printed crowns (p < 0.001). One-way ANOVA revealed that SLA printers (55.6 [± 13.59]) showed significantly better mean [± SD] marginal discrepancy in µm than DLP printers (72 [± 13.67]) (p < 0.001). Regarding build angle, one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between the different angles. Tukeys post-hoc test revealed that 0° (48.5 [± 9.04]) had the significantly smallest marginal discrepancy followed by 45° (62.5 [± 8.05]) then 90° (80.5 [± 8.99]) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The build orientation affects the marginal discrepancy of single crowns manufactured utilizing DLP and SLA.
Taiwanese family members’ bereavement experience following an expected death: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Liang Hui-Ju , Xiong Qian , Remawi Bader Nael , Preston Nancy
Published: January 2024

Background

Bereavement experience is shaped by cultural and social contexts. No systematically constructed reviews were identified to explore the bereavement experience for people who are influenced by Chinese culture valuing filial piety and mutual dependence. This review aimed to systematically review the bereavement experience of Taiwanese family members living in Taiwan following an expected death.

Methods

MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, China Academic Journal Database, and Chinese Electronic Periodical Services were searched with no date restrictions from inception to 20 October 2022. The methodological rigour of studies was assessed using Hawker’s appraisal tool. A narrative synthesis approach using Popay’s work was employed to synthesise the findings of the studies. Studies investigating Taiwanese family members’ bereavement experiences were included. We excluded papers studying bereavement through the death of a child.

Results

Searches retrieved 12,735 articles (after de-duplication), 17 of which met the inclusion criteria and were included for synthesis: English [9] and Chinese [8], published between 2006 and 2021. The studies varied in quality with scores ranging from 22 to 33 out of 36. The studies differed in the relationship between participants and the deceased, the bereaved time frames, and the definitions of bereavement. Most studies focussed on family members of cancer patients receiving specialist palliative care. Three bereavement theories and four tools were used. Risk factors of bereavement outcomes included family members feeling less prepared for death and deaths where palliative sedative therapy was used. Protective factors were higher caregiving burden and longer caregiving periods. Four themes regarding Taiwanese bereavement experience were generated: multiple impacts of death; problem-based coping strategies; importance of maintaining connections; influential religious beliefs and rituals.

Conclusion

Continuing the relationship with the deceased is a key element of Taiwanese bereavement experience and it is influenced by religious and cultural beliefs. Suppressing or hiding emotions during bereavement to connect with the deceased and maintain harmonious relationships needs to be acknowledged as culturally acceptable and encouraged by some religions in Taiwan. The findings could be potentially relevant for other Chinese populations, predominantly Buddhist countries or other East Asian societies. The role of preparing for death in bereavement outcomes is little understood and requires further research.
Family caregivers’ preferences for support when caring for a family member with cancer in late palliative phase who wish to die at home – a grounded theory study
Authors: Nysaeter Toril Merete , Olsson Cecilia , Sandsdalen Tuva , Hov Reidun , Larsson Maria
Published: January 2024

Background

Family caregivers are essential in end-of-life care for cancer patients who wish to die at home. The knowledge is still limited regarding family caregivers needs and preferences for support and whether the preferences change during the patient’s illness trajectory. Therefore, the aim was to explore family caregivers’ preferences for support from home care services over time when caring for a family member with cancer at the end of life who wished to die at home.

Methods

A qualitative method was applied according to Grounded Theory. Data was collected longitudinally over the illness trajectory by means of repeated individual interviews (n = 22) with adult family caregivers (n = 11). Sampling, data collection and data analysis were undertaken simultaneously in line with the constant comparative method.

Results

The findings are captured in the core category “hold out in duty and love”. The categories “having control and readiness for action” and “being involved in care” describe the family caregivers’ preferences for being prepared and able to handle procedures, medical treatment and care, and to be involved by the healthcare personnel in the patient’s care and decision making. The categories “being seen and confirmed” and “having a respite” describe family caregivers’ preferences for support according to their own needs to be able to persevere in the situation.

Conclusion

Despite deterioration in the patient’s illness and the increasing responsibility family caregiver struggle to hold out and focus on being in the present. Over time together with deterioration in the patient’s illness and changes in the situation, they expressed a need for more intense and extensive support from the home care services. To meet the family caregivers’ preferences for support a systematic implementation of a person-centred care model and multicomponent psycho- educational interventions performed by nurses can be proposed. Moreover, we suggest developing a tool based on the conceptual model generated in this study to identify and map family caregivers’ needs and preferences for support. Such a tool can facilitate communication and ensure person-centred interventions.
ChatGPT sits the DFPH exam: large language model performance and potential to support public health learning
Authors: Davies Nathan P , Wilson Robert , Winder Madeleine S , Tunster Simon J , McVicar Kathryn , Thakrar Shivan , Williams Joe , Reid Allan
Published: January 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence-based large language models, like ChatGPT, have been rapidly assessed for both risks and potential in health-related assessment and learning. However, their applications in public health professional exams have not yet been studied. We evaluated the performance of ChatGPT in part of the Faculty of Public Health’s Diplomat exam (DFPH).

Methods

ChatGPT was provided with a bank of 119 publicly available DFPH question parts from past papers. Its performance was assessed by two active DFPH examiners. The degree of insight and level of understanding apparently displayed by ChatGPT was also assessed.

Results

ChatGPT passed 3 of 4 papers, surpassing the current pass rate. It performed best on questions relating to research methods. Its answers had a high floor. Examiners identified ChatGPT answers with 73.6% accuracy and human answers with 28.6% accuracy. ChatGPT provided a mean of 3.6 unique insights per question and appeared to demonstrate a required level of learning on 71.4% of occasions.

Conclusions

Large language models have rapidly increasing potential as a learning tool in public health education. However, their factual fallibility and the difficulty of distinguishing their responses from that of humans pose potential threats to teaching and learning.
Effects of 3S business intelligence systems for nursing students: a repeated-measures randomized control trial
Authors: Lim Ji-Young , Kim Seulki , Kim Juhang , Kim Seonhee
Published: January 2024

Background

The growing need for healthcare services as a result of a consistently rising prevalence of chronic diseases and rapid population aging calls for a new set of activities and practices. Therefore, we developed a program—3S (Simple, Smart, and Speed) Business Intelligence Systems (3S-BIS), which is an ERP software system that helps nursing business to support nursing entrepreneurship —and analyzed its effects on nursing students.

Methods

A repeated-measures randomized controlled trial was performed with two groups: experimental (n = 29) and control (n = 30) groups. The former group underwent the five-day 3S-BIS education program. Each session comprised four components: lectures 1 and 2, simulation case study, and debriefing. Post-tests were performed immediately post-intervention and four and eight weeks later. The effectiveness was measured using the following variables: simulation design assessment, evaluation of educational practices in simulation, education satisfaction, self-efficacy for learning, and entrepreneurship. The differences before and after intervention between the experimental and control groups were analyzed using the Friedman test. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparisons between groups at each time point, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparisons within groups at each time point.

Results

Post-intervention (8 weeks after intervention), the experimental group demonstrated higher simulation design assessment (z = -3.88, p =  < .001), evaluation of educational practices in simulation (z = -3.34, p = .001), education satisfaction (z = -3.11, p = .002), self-efficacy for learning (z = -3.04, p = .002), and entrepreneurship (z = -2.15, p = .031) compared to controls. Furthermore, simulation design assessment score in the experimental group significantly differed between T1 (immediately after intervention) and T0 (baseline), and between T3 (8 weeks after intervention) and T0. Evaluation of educational practices in the simulation, education satisfaction, and self-efficacy also significantly differed between T1 and T0, and between T3 and T0. Entrepreneurship significantly differed between T3 and T2 (4 weeks after intervention), and between T3 and T0.

Conclusions

The 3S-BIS program contributes to enhancing nursing start-up competency. Subsequent studies should evaluate the effects of the program on nurses who work in home healthcare services.
Key factors affecting health promoting behaviors among adolescents: a scoping review
Authors: Tabrizi Jafar Sadegh , Doshmangir Leila , Khoshmaram Najibeh , Shakibazadeh Elham , Abdolahi Hosein Mashhadi , Khabiri Roghayeh
Published: January 2024

Background

Health-promoting behaviors have been noticed recently as one of the most critical factors in raising life expectancy, which can be formed during adolescence. Thus, the current scoping review aimed to identify the key factors affecting health-promoting behaviors among adolescents.

Methods

In this scoping review, we searched multiple English online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Scopus, for articles published between 1977 and 2020. All eligible studies describing health-promoting behaviors in adolescents were included. We followed the JBI guideline for conducting a scoping review and increasing the study’s rigor. Extracted data were synthesized through inductive approaches.

Results

A total of 3199 articles were identified during the first phase. After the screening process, 20 articles were found eligible for final inclusion. Educational factors (individualized education and school health promotion programs), Economic factors (income, economic incentives and national health insurance), Social factors (support system, responsibility and peers), Spiritual, Psychological and Personal factors (gender, family structure, patterns of living, and medical problems) were found effective in health-promoting behaviors among adolescents.

Conclusions

Health-promoting behaviors among adolescents require careful consideration. The current review identified some fundamental factors affecting health-promoting behaviors in adolescents. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policymakers and healthcare providers develop several interventions based on identified factors to increase adolescent’s health-promoting behaviors among adolescents.
First trans-diagnostic experiences with a novel micro-choice based concentrated group rehabilitation for patients with low back pain, long COVID, and type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
Authors: Kvale Gerd , Søfteland Eirik , Jürgensen Marte , Wilhelmsen-Langeland Ane , Haugstvedt Anne , Hystad Sigurd William , Ødegaard-Olsen Øystein Theodor , Aarli Bernt Bøgvald , Rykken Sidsel , Frisk Bente
Published: January 2024

Background

The health care is likely to break down unless we are able to increase the level of functioning for the growing number of patients with complex, chronic illnesses. Hence, novel high-capacity and cost-effective treatments with trans-diagnostic effects are warranted. In accordance with the protocol paper, we aimed to examine the acceptability, satisfaction, and effectiveness of an interdisciplinary micro-choice based concentrated group rehabilitation for patients with chronic low back pain, long COVID, and type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Patients with low back pain > 4 months sick-leave, long COVID, or type 2 diabetes were included in this clinical trial with pre-post design and 3-month follow-up. The treatment consisted of three phases: (1) preparing for change, (2) the concentrated intervention for 3–4 days, and (3) integrating change into everyday life. Patients were taught and practiced how to monitor and target seemingly insignificant everyday micro-choices, in order to break the patterns where symptoms or habits contributed to decreased levels of functioning or increased health problems. The treatment was delivered to groups (max 10 people) with similar illnesses. Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8)) (1 week), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and self-rated health status (EQ-5D-5L) were registered at baseline and 3-month follow-up.

Results

Of the 241 included participants (57% women, mean age 48 years, range 19–84), 99% completed the concentrated treatment. Treatment satisfaction was high with a 28.9 (3.2) mean CSQ-8-score. WSAS improved significantly from baseline to follow-up across diagnoses 20.59 (0.56) to 15.76 (0.56). BIPQ improved from: 22.30 (0.43) to 14.88 (0.47) and EQ-5D-5L: 0.715 (0.01) to 0.779 (0.01)), all P<0.001.

Conclusions

Across disorders, the novel approach was associated with high acceptability and clinically important improvements in functional levels, illness perception, and health status. As the concentrated micro-choice based treatment format might have the potential to change the way we deliver rehabilitation across diagnoses, we suggest to proceed with a controlled trial.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05234281
Impact of some heavy metal accumulation in different organs on fish quality from Bardawil Lake and human health risks assessment
Authors: Zaghloul Ghada Y. , Eissa Hoda A. , Zaghloul Amira Y. , Kelany Mahmoud S. , Hamed Mohamed A. , Moselhy Khalid M. El
Published: January 2024

Bardawil Lake is a unique aquatic ecosystem that provides a habitat for various fish and other marine organisms. This study aimed to analyze the quality of fish species to prove that this lake is free of pollution, not other Egyptian lakes, due to the accumulation of some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn) in various tissues of fish species that were caught from this lake. Thirty-five fish samples were caught during the Spring of 2018 from seven different species: Mugil cephalus, Liza auratus, Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, Siganus rivulatus, Anguilla angilla, and Solae solea. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods using a spectrophotometer determined the biochemical composition. In contrast, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was employed to determine the heavy metals expressed by µg/g wet weight. Results exposed that the accumulation of essential micronutrient (Cu, Zn) content was higher than toxic elements (Cd & Pb) in muscles in order to Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Muscles < gills < liver in order of all metals except Pb with order muscles < liver < gills. The metals studied in the muscles were lower than those set by the WHO and the EU standards. The carcinogenic risk with lower allowable limits of 1 × 10–6 to 1 × 10–4 in both normal and high consumption groups; target and total target hazard quotients (THQ & HI) in muscles were < 1. The biochemical composition level was highest in the liver, except for protein, which was highest in muscle for all fish species. There is no evidence of harmful contaminants in the muscular tissue of the fish sampled from Bardawil Lake, although fishing activity. However, customers should know that health concerns may be associated with overeating fish.
The association between dyslipidaemia in the first trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a cohort study
Authors: Wang Xueran , Zhang Enjie , Tian Zongyuan , Zhao Rong , Huang Kaikun , Gao Shen , Su Shaofei , Xie Shuanghua , Liu Jianhui , Luan Yingyi , Zhang Yue , Zhang Zheng , Yan Yousheng , Yue Wentao , Yin Chenghong , Liu Ruixia
Published: January 2024

Background

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is linked to dyslipidaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the impact of dyslipidaemia on the outcome of pregnancy in SCH is unclear.

Methods

We enrolled 36,256 pregnant women and evaluated their pregnancy outcomes. The following data was gathered during the first trimester (≤ 13+ 6 weeks of gestation): total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. The reference ranges for lipids were estimated to range from the 5th to the 95th percentile. Logistic regression assessed the relationships between dyslipidaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including abortion, preeclampsia/eclampsia, low birth weight, foetal growth restriction, premature rupture of foetal membranes, gestational hypertension, preterm birth, macrosomia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Additionally, the best thresholds for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes based on TSH, FT4, and lipid levels were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

In the first trimester, LDL-C > 3.24 mmol/L, TG > 1.92 mmol/L, HDL-C < 1.06 mmol/L, and TC > 5.39 mmol/L were used to define dyslipidaemia. In this cohort, 952 (3.56%) patients were diagnosed with SCH, and those who had dyslipidaemia in the first trimester had higher incidences of gestational hypertension (6.59% vs. 3.25%), preeclampsia/eclampsia (7.14% vs. 3.12%), GDM (22.53% vs. 13.77%), and low birth weight (4.95% vs. 2.08%) than did those without dyslipidaemia. However, after adjusting for prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI), dyslipidaemia was no longer related to these risks. Furthermore, elevated TG dyslipidaemia in SCH patients was connected to an enhanced potential of gestational hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 2.687, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.074 ~ 6.722), and elevated LDL-C dyslipidaemia correlated with increased preeclampsia/eclampsia risk (OR: 3.172, 95% CI: 1.204 ~ 8.355) after accounting for age, smoking status, alcohol use, pre-BMI, and levothyroxine use. Additionally, the combination of TC, TG, LDL-C, pre-BMI, and TSH exhibited enhanced predictive capabilities for gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and GDM. Values of 0.767, 0.704, and 0.706 were obtained from the area under the curve.

Conclusions

Among pregnant women with SCH, dyslipidaemia in early pregnancy was related to elevated risks of adverse pregnancy consequences. The combined consideration of age, pre-BMI, TSH, and lipid levels in the first trimester could be beneficial for monitoring patients and implementing interventions to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Correlation between gene polymorphism and adverse reactions of high-dose methotrexate in osteosarcoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ben , Liu Gang , Liu Binbin , Guo Yao , Peng Ningning , Li Tiejun
Published: January 2024

Objective

We aimed to provide a reference based on evidence for an individualized clinical medication of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in osteosarcoma patients by evaluating the effect of gene polymorphism on adverse reactions of HD-MTX usage.

Methods

Several databases were combed for research on the association between gene polymorphisms and adverse reactions to HD-MTX up to January 2023. A meta-analysis and/or descriptive analysis on the incidence of HD-MTX-related adverse reactions were conducted by using clinical studies meeting inclusion criteria.

Results

Twelve studies involving 889 patients were included. There were 8, 6, 5, and 4 studies related to MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, RFC1 G80A, and MDR1 C3435T polymorphisms, respectively. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with G3-4 hepatotoxicity, G3-4 nephrotoxicity, G3-4 gastrointestinal toxicity, and G3-4 mucositis under the recessive genetic model (MM vs. Mm/mm). Limited research showed that MTHFR C677T was associated with G3-4 nephrotoxicity in the allelic genetic model (M vs. m). MTHFR A1298C polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of adverse reactions to HD-MTX usage, without statistical significance. This review's descriptive analysis showed no significant correlation between the RFC1 G80A, and MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and adverse reactions of HD-MTX.

Conclusion

The MTHFR C677T mutation may enhance the risk of HD-MTX adverse reactions in osteosarcoma patients. Existing studies have not found a significant correlation between the MTHFR A1298C, RFC1 G80A, and MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and adverse reactions caused by HD-MTX. Lastly, this conclusion was limited because of few studies.
Hypertension among persons living with HIV/AIDS and its association with HIV-related health factors
Authors: Denu Mawulorm K. I. , Revoori Ritika , Buadu Maame Araba E. , Oladele Oluwakemi , Berko Kofi Poku
Published: January 2024

Background

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a public health concern in many countries. The increased life expectancy in the post-Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) era has led to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death among Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV). Hypertension remains a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease among PLHIV. Some studies have suggested associations between hypertension among PLHIV and HIV-related health factors.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of hypertension among PLHIV on antiretroviral medications and examine its association with HIV-related health factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among attendants at an adult HIV clinic. 362 study participants were selected by systematic sampling. Data on hypertension diagnosis, HIV-related health factors, sociodemographic and other traditional cardiovascular risk factors were collected using a standardized questionnaire and patient chart review. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the association between hypertension and HIV-related factors, adjusting for other risk factors for hypertension.

Results

The mean age of participants was 47.9 years and majority of participants were female (77.1%). 42% of study participants had been on antiretroviral medications for > 10 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 17.4%. Age > 50 years was associated with higher odds of hypertension (aOR: 3.75, 95%CI 1.68, 8.55, p-value: 0.002). BMI in overweight and obese categories, and a history of comorbid medical conditions (diabetes, hyperlipidemia) were also associated with higher odds of hypertension (aOR: 3. 76, 95%CI 1.44, 9.81, p-value: 0.007), (aOR: 3.17, 95%CI 1.21, 8.32, p-value: 0.019) and (aOR: 14.25, 95%CI 7.41, 27.41, p-value: < 0.001) respectively. No HIV-related health factors were associated with hypertension.

Conclusion

Hypertension was a common condition among PLHIV on antiretroviral medications. No HIV-related health factors were associated with hypertension. Traditional risk factors associated with hypertension were increased age > 50 years, increased BMI, and a history of comorbid medical conditions.
Cucumber mosaic virus-induced gene and microRNA silencing in water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC)
Authors: He Zhen , Sheng Shuangyu , Wang Lingqi , Dong Tingting , Zhang Kun , Li Liangjun
Published: January 2024

Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC), an aquatic perennial plant from the Apiaceae family, rich in dietary fibert, vitamins, and minerals. It usually grows in wet soils and water. Despite accumulating the transcriptomic data, gene function research on water dropwort is still far behind than that of the other crops. The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) induced gene silencing was established to study the functions of gene and microRNA (miRNA) in the water dropwort. CMV Fast New York strain (CMV-Fny) genomic RNAs 1, 2, and 3 were individually cloned into pCB301 vectors. We deleted part of the ORF 2b region and introduced recognition sites. A CMV-induced gene silencing vector was employed to suppress the expression of endogenous genes, including phytoene desaturase (PDS). In order to assess the efficacy of gene silencing, we also cloned conserved sequence of gibberellin insensitive dwarf (GID1) cDNA sequences into the vector and inoculated the water dropwort. The height of CMV-GID1-infected plants was marginally reduced as a result of GID1 gene silencing, and their leaves were noticeably longer and thinner. Additionally, we also used a CMV-induced silencing vector to analyze the roles of endogenous miRNAs. We used a short tandem target mimic approach to clone miR319 and miR396 from water dropwort into the CMV vector. Plants with CMV-miRNA infection were driven to exhibit the distinctive phenotypes. We anticipate that functional genomic research on water dropwort will be facilitated by the CMV-induced gene silencing technique.
Megaprosthetic replacement in complex distal humerus fractures in elderly patients: a case series
Authors: Caredda Matteo , Cianni Luigi , De Fazio Andrea , Ziranu Antonio , Vitiello Raffaele , Maccauro Giulio
Published: January 2024

Background

Managing distal humeral fractures can be challenging for orthopedic surgeons. There are several treatment options for managing this type of fracture, and the treatment method for these fractures should be based on patient-related factors. In elderly patients with osteoporotic bone and severe comminution of the fracture, adequate fixation can be a major challenge for surgeons. The use of megaprosthesis has been recently proposed in traumatology as an alternative to osteosynthesis or conventional prosthesis for the management of comminuted articular fractures in elderly patients with poor bone stock.

Methods

A consecutive case series of 5 patients who underwent reconstruction of the elbow joint with a trabecular hinged modular elbow megaprosthesis was reviewed retrospectively. All patients included had AO/OTA 13C2 and 13C3 fractures with metaphyseal extension and considerable bone loss of the distal humerus. The primary outcome was the evaluation of functional and clinical outcomes with the MEPS score in comminuted distal humerus fractures with metaphyseal extension and poor bone stock in elderly patients treated with elbow megaprosthesis. The secondary outcome was assessing the treatment-related complication rate of this technique in non-oncological fields.

Results

Five patients were included in the study with a mean age of 82.66 ± 7.72 years at surgery. The mean MEPS value was 63 ± 24.2 at 1 month, 81 ± 23.53 at 3 months, 83 ± 24.2 at 6 months, and 84 ± 24.57 at 12 months. No intraoperative complications were recorded in our series. Of 5 patients, four patients had excellent clinical and functional outcomes. We did not encounter wound dehiscence, prosthetic joint infection, aseptic loosening, or periprosthetic fractures.

Conclusions

The indication for this type of treatment must be selected and narrowed down, as it is a salvage procedure, and any failure would cause even more complex situations. Short operating times and early mobilization of the elbow are the advantages of this technique.