bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full-waveform inversion using a nonlinearly smoothed wavefield
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Choi Yunseok , Alkhalifah Tariq , Li Zhenchun , Zhang Kai
Published: December 2017

Conventional full-waveform inversion (FWI) based on the least-squares misfit function faces problems in converging to the global minimum when using gradient methods because of the cycle-skipping phenomena. An initial model producing data that are at most a half-cycle away from the observed data is needed for convergence to the global minimum. Low frequencies are helpful in updating low-wavenumber components of the velocity model to avoid cycle skipping. However, low enough frequencies are usually unavailable in field cases. The multiplication of wavefields of slightly different frequencies adds artificial low-frequency components in the data, which can be used for FWI to generate a convergent result and avoid cycle skipping. We generalize this process by multiplying the wavefield with itself and then applying a smoothing operator to the multiplied wavefield or its square to derive the nonlinearly smoothed wavefield, which is rich in low frequencies. The global correlation-norm-based objective function can mitigate the dependence on the amplitude information of the nonlinearly smoothed wavefield. Therefore, we have evaluated the use of this objective function when using the nonlinearly smoothed wavefield. The proposed objective function has much larger convexity than the conventional objective functions. We calculate the gradient of the objective function using the adjoint-state technique, which is similar to that of the conventional FWI except for the adjoint source. We progressively reduce the smoothing width applied to the nonlinear wavefield to naturally adopt the multiscale strategy. Using examples on the Marmousi 2 model, we determine that the proposed FWI helps to generate convergent results without the need for low-frequency information.
Pitfalls in near-surface geophysical interpretation: Challenging paradigms and misconceptions
Authors: Nobes David C. , Atekwana Estella
Published: December 2017

Too often, ideas become so well-established that they take on the roles of paradigms, and challenging those paradigms can be difficult, even if they are flawed. Similarly, misconceptions can take root and become firmly entrenched and again are difficult to dislodge. Both of these situations are fundamentally unscientific. Science makes progress when established theories are shown to be incorrect or at least incomplete. To do that, we have to let the data that we collect tell their stories. We should not impose models upon the data, but rather allow the data to yield those models that best represent those features that are absolutely necessary to fit the data, an approach often called “Occam’s inversion.” We also should not impose nonphysical and unscientific limits on our interpretation models. We evaluate several examples from our own experiences: the electrical properties of faults, nonuniqueness in potential fields, the influence of nonaqueous phase liquids and water on ground-penetrating radar and electrical resistivity, and the geophysical response of seafloor mineralization. In each case, a reviewer or another scientist questioned the conclusions using unscientific or incorrect arguments or assumptions. We must let the data speak.
Reducing gravity takes the bounce out of running
Authors: Polet Delyle T. , Schroeder Ryan T. , Bertram John E. A.
Published: December 2017

In gravity below Earth normal, a person should be able to take higher leaps in running. We asked ten subjects to run on a treadmill in five levels of simulated reduced gravity and optically tracked center of mass kinematics. Subjects consistently reduced ballistic height compared to running in normal gravity. We explain this trend by considering the vertical takeoff velocity (defined as maximum vertical velocity). Energetically optimal gaits should balance energetic costs of ground-contact collisions (favouring lower takeoff velocity), and step frequency penalties such as leg swing work (favouring higher takeoff velocity, but less so in reduced gravity). Measured vertical takeoff velocity scaled with the square root of gravitational acceleration, following energetic optimality predictions and explaining why ballistic height decreases in lower gravity. The success of work-based costs in predicting this behaviour challenges the notion that gait adaptation in reduced gravity results from an unloading of the stance phase. Only the relationship between takeoff velocity and swing cost changes in reduced gravity; the energetic cost of the down-to-up transition for a given vertical takeoff velocity does not change with gravity. Because lower gravity allows an elongated swing phase for a given takeoff velocity, the motor control system can relax the vertical momentum change in the stance phase, so reducing ballistic height, without great energetic penalty to leg swing work. While it may seem counterintuitive, using less “bouncy” gaits in reduced gravity is a strategy to reduce energetic costs, to which humans seem extremely sensitive.
The gastric caecum of larvalAedes aegypti: stimulation of epithelial ion transport by 5-hydroxytryptamine and cAMP
Authors: D'Silva Natalie M. , O'Donnell Michael J.
Published: December 2017

We report measurements of ion transport across the gastric caecum of larvae of Aedes aegypti, a vector of yellow fever that inhabits a variety of aquatic habitats ranging from freshwater to brackish water. We provide the first measurements of the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on transepithelial potential (TEP), luminal ion concentrations and electrochemical potentials, as well as basolateral membrane potential and H+, Na+ and K+ fluxes. TEP, basolateral membrane potential, and H+, K+, and Na+ fluxes across the gastric caeca declined within 3-6 mins after isolation of the entire midgut from the larva. 5-HT restored both the TEP and active accumulation of H+, K+, and Na+ in the lumen. Additionally, 5-HT restored H+, K+, and Na+ fluxes across the distal caecum of freshwater larvae, and restored H+ fluxes across the distal caecum of brackish water larvae. There was no effect of 5-HT on ion fluxes across the proximal caecum. We have also shown that 5-HT restores the basolateral membrane potential in cells of the distal, but not proximal, caecum. Effects of 5-HT on TEP and basolateral membrane potential were mimicked by application of cAMP but not by a phorbol ester. We provide a working model which proposes that 5-HT and cAMP stimulate the vacuolar H+-ATPase of the distal caecum. Our results provide evidence that the gastric caecum is functionally distinct from the adjacent anterior midgut and we discuss possible roles of the gastric caecum in osmoregulation. We also describe similarities in the arrangement of ion transporters in the caecum with those of the Malpighian tubules.
Public Economics and History: A Review of Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States, Edited by Andrew Monson and Walter Scheidel
Authors: Hoffman Philip T.
Published: December 2017

Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States greatly expands our knowledge of the history of premodern fiscal systems and raises important questions about the political economy of premodern states. Answering those questions can help explain how states developed the capacity to tax; why tax levels and government-spending patterns varied greatly in the past, even though per capita incomes were similar; how government debt and representative institutions arose; and, last but not least, why some premodern states expanded and others collapsed. But firm answers to those questions will have to combine the history outlined in Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States with systematic data and formal models of political economy. (JEL E62, H20, H50, N40)
A Review Essay on Alvin Roth’s Who Gets What—and Why
Authors: Glaeser Edward L.
Published: December 2017

Alvin Roth's Who Gets What—And Why provides a richly accessible introduction to his pioneering work on market design. Much of economics ignores the institutions that allocate goods, blithely assuming that the mythical Walrasian auctioneer will handle everything perfectly. But markets do fail and Roth details those failures, like the market for law clerks that unravels because clerks and judges commit to each other too quickly. Roth combines theory and pragmatic experience to show how the economist can engineer successful markets. He has even enabled welfare-improving trades in kidney exchanges, where law and social repugnance forbids cash payments. (JEL C78, D47)
On the Statistical Estimation of Diffusion Processes: A Partial Survey
Authors: Cysne Rubens Penha
Published: December 2017

Data available on continuous-time diffusions are always sampled discretely in time. In most cases, the likelihood function of the observations is not directly computable. This survey covers a sample of the statistical methods that have been developed to solve this problem. We concentrate on some recent contributions to the literature based on three different approaches to the problem: an improvement of the Euler-Maruyama discretization scheme, the employment of Martingale Estimating Functions, and the application of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM).
The Mortgage Of Commercial Real Estate In The System Of Private Property
Authors: Гуляева О. , Gulyaeva O.
Published: December 2017

One of the problems of small business today is the necessity for the productions sphere entrepreneurs to buy real estate premises. Commercial premises are very expensive and the deficit of immediately available funds causes an objective necessity in commercial mortgage. That is why there is a keen interest towards this topic. One of the strategic goals of the institutional modernization of modern Russian economy is to create an effective mechanism of the development of the commercial mortgage institution. As result there appear institutional models that reveal institutional character and unique features of contractual relationships (leasing, mortgage, rent) as an alternative to purchase and sale. The revealedspecific inner problems allow to work out the ways to solve them.
A Survey of Research in Field-Based Education: A Summary of Process, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Gorman Michael F.
Published: December 2017

Field-based education, in which students earn academic credit while working with clients in a live consulting setting, is growing in popularity among operations research/management science educators. This paper provides a survey of over 20 articles on field-based education in operations research, management science, and related disciplines. It presents a common structure of such courses based on that reported in the literature. Furthermore, it captures best practices and lessons learned from over 20 prior articles on the teaching of field-based research.
Hand gesture recognition by means of region-based convolutional neural networks
Authors: Pinzon Arenas Javier O. , Moreno Robinson Jimenez , Murillo Paula C. Useche
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the implementation of a Region-based Convolutional Neural
Network focused on the recognition and localization of hand gestures, in this case
2 types of gestures: open and closed hand, in order to achieve the recognition of
such gestures in dynamic backgrounds. The neural network is trained and validated,
achieving a 99.4% validation accuracy in gesture recognition and a 25% average
accuracy in RoI localization, which is then tested in real time, where its operation
is verified through times taken for recognition, execution behavior through trained
and untrained gestures, and complex backgrounds.
(Re) Moving borders: North African clandestine emigrant in the age of terror
Authors: Hamil Mustapha
Published: December 2017

In the face of Europe’s stringent measures to regulate and monitor the flux of emigrants and refugees from Africa and the Middle East, a new type of emigrant has emerged: the harrag or clandestine immigrant who is, on his or her part, determined to push the idea of the political border to its limits. The clandestine immigrant in Spain today is not only regarded as an unwanted guest, a reminder of a past history of violence, but also as a potential terrorist bent on destroying western civilization and its values. This article examines the phenomenon of hrig or clandestine immigration in four Moroccan texts and focusses on three key themes: the persistence of the myth of Europe as an Eldorado, the symbolic disintegration of the harrag’s body, and Spain’s ambivalent vision of its Arab and Muslim Others. The purpose is to demonstrate, through a comparative study, how the harrag exposes the limits of Europe’s discourse on cultural hybridity and national belonging.
Songs of Our Fathers: Gender and Nationhood at the Liberation of France
Authors: Jakes Kelly
Published: December 2017

The experiences of defeat and occupation by Germany and liberation by the Allies wrought considerable gender damage upon France during the Second World War. In this essay, I examine appropriations of “Quand Madelon,” a popular World War I song that reemerged during the early weeks of France’s liberation, arguing that these appropriations offered one discursive resource by which patriots reasserted the manly strength of their nation. By reviving old archetypal notions of eroticized, subservient femininity and tough, virile masculinity, the tunes exerted discipline over “wayward” French women and eased gendered anxieties about the nation’s ability to reclaim its status as a sovereign nation. Courting widespread favor, even among French women, the songs made this gender discipline more palatable by pairing it with visions of a sexualized, civically engaged womanhood.
Prisoner of Context: The Truman Doctrine Speech and J. Edgar Hoover’s Rhetorical Realism
Authors: Underhill Stephen M.
Published: December 2017

In this project, I argue that J. Edgar Hoover’s style of political realism should be studied by critics because it long preceded that of President Harry S. Truman. The style belonged to a stockpile of anti-Communist imagery that helped to shape how the Truman Doctrine speech was drafted and how audiences interpreted its meanings in more local domestic politics. When Truman finally announced that the Soviet Union had challenged international protocol, I argue that he confirmed the vision that his Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director and other detractors had developed throughout the New Deal to discredit reformers who challenged issues of race, labor, and police technique. In this way, anti-Communist containment rhetoric limited the president’s ability to control the domestic security and economic agendas. The stockpile of anti-Communist discourse belonged to, I also argue, a relative of political realism—literary realism and its spinoff, literary naturalism. My final argument is that the FBI director refurbished key tropes in the stockpile, which helped Truman’s congressional opponents invoke Hoover’s authority within the executive branch and thereby displace the president’s credibility as commander in chief. Combined, Hoover and his allies in Congress and elsewhere used rhetorical realism to communicate a deterministic philosophy about human nature through a diffuse mythic narrative, coordinated between Congress, Hollywood, the press, and official FBI discourse.
The internet of things sensors technologies and their applications for complex engineering projects: a digital construction site framework
Authors: Lopes Miranda Junior Hamilton , Albuquerque Bezerra Nelson Roberto , Soares Bezerra Marlene Jesus , Rodrigues Farias Filho José
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurpose: The paper aims to present constructs related to Internet of Things, which are expected to be integrated to, and improve the implantation phase of Complex Engineering Projects. The traditional implantation methods for Complex Engineering Projects are neither effective nor efficient to deal with the massive data generated by their productive processes. It usually causes high levels of rework, schedule delays and financial losses.Design/methodology: In this paper a systematic literature review on IoT architecture, sensor technologies and possible applications was presented. These constructs were identified and selected from a lexical analysis of a reseach basis carried out with NVivo software.Findings: We have been in the emerging 4th Industrial Revolution and the Internet of Things (IoT) has a valuable role to make an easier way to success for Complex Project implementations. Therefore, a correlation scheme of the constructs and their applications identified in the bibliography was proposed.Originality/value: A concept and a framework for a "Digital Construction Site" (DCS) from the application of IoT Sensors (IoTS) in the shipbuilding industry. It is valuable for readers who want to understand alternatives to improve the results of typical processes on implementation phase of Complex Engineering Projects, with open source technologies.
An ergonomics solution in the footwear industry: the footwear unmold
Authors: Soares Másculo Francisco
Published: December 2017

The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of the implementation of ergonomic measures in the work conditions of the cemented assembly section in the unmold activity in a shoe industry located in the state of Paraíba. To do so, a comparative analysis related to the ergonomic improvements previously implanted in the workstations of the company was carried out, looking to verify whether the application of those measures had influenced or not the work conditions in the assembly section mentioned. Historically, that type of industry doesn't have a culture of Prevention of Accidents and Ergonomics in its practices. Consequently, the elevation of the number of acquired diseases related to the work in that section was observed. As methodological procedures, interviews were accomplished with workers of the Assembly Section of the company, aiming to make the measurement of the work conditions, starting from the application of the methodology Situation, Problem and Improvement (SPI) and of the method Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA), Gravity, Urgency and Tendency (GUT) and the diagram of painful areas of Corlett et Manenica (1980). As a result, improvements of the work conditions were evidenced with the elimination of most non-ergonomic conditions in the activity, besides making possible larger motivation and better life quality to the employees of the studied section.
The current context of Lean and Six Sigma Logistics applications in literature: A Systematic Review
Authors: Resende de Carvalho Edra , Elaje Azevedo Simões da Mota Ana , Maués de Souza Martins Gabriela , Dos Santos Lourenço Bastos Leonardo , Cristiano Silva Melo André
Published: December 2017

Originated in the Toyota Production System, the concept of lean production has become widely disseminated and broadly applied in the industry. When considering lean and six sigma principles in logistics, companies have obtained advantages in terms of cost and quality, which encouraged scientific researches for improvements in the topic. To study the current state of the art on Lean Logistics (LL) and Six Sigma Logistics (SSL), in the national and international level, a systematic review of lean and six sigma logistics were performed, aiming to evaluate theoretical and practical applications, in order to classify the current literature and propose studies to address research opportunities. For this purpose, a review protocol was created to guide and structure the review. As results, it was identified that Transportation has been the main logistic operational drive component in which LL has being applied. The most frequent type of waste considered was Motion and most of the studies were practical applications. Finally, this study found considerable research opportunities for future studies.
SAMU ambulance positioning using MALP model
Authors: Coelho Ormeu , Alexandrino Fernando , Barreto Bruno
Published: December 2017

One of the constitutional principles of the public health care system in Brazil is universality, which turns health into a fundamental right and ensures that all citizens shall have access to health service whenever required. The purpose of this study is to assess the positioning of ambulances in Duque de Caxias-RJ, and find new arrangements to maximize the covered population. The configuration of a network that provides such service is indeed significant since small deviations may lead to users’ death. Therefore, four scenarios were built in order to represent different network arrangements, according to the manager’s strategy or the budget limitations of the city.  An Integer Programming model for servers’ positioning was used in each scenario. Indicators such as percentage of coverage population and total cost were then used to compare and choose the best solution. Results have shown that the current coverage could be doubled by just relocating facilities that already exist, without adding any costs. It is important to notice that this solution is rather different from the current positioning.
Subjectivity of appraisals of inventive step in patent examinations as an element of uncertainty in the potential for technological innovation
Authors: Vianna Moreira Junior Cesar , De Souza Fernandes Maria Ângela , Carvalho Rodrigues Ricardo , De Souza Antunes Adelaide Maria , De Carvalho Sergio Paulino
Published: December 2017

How likely is an invention to turn into an innovation in the short, medium, and long term? Do patent examiners have the power to influence the direction technology takes in a given sector or industry? This study discusses possible impacts arising from the interpretation of the concept of inventive step on the potential for innovation in the electricity area. It also aims to identify any indications of subjectivity in the concept of “inventive step,” of the examiners’ decision-making power, and the influence of the examiners’ evaluations on the direction of technology in the light of the concepts of conformity of action by agents to institutional rules and room for deviation as proposed by Dequech (2013). A case study is presented, comparing the content of first instance examinations and appeal examinations of patent claims in the area of electricity from 2015 to 2017, showing the levels of divergence in the appraisals of inventive step and recommendations for initial decisions to be reversed.
Sharp weighted isoperimetric and Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequalities
Authors: Lam Nguyen
Published: December 2017

Using the optimal mass transport method and a suitable quasi-conformal mapping, we
study the sharp weighted isoperimetric, Sobolev, Gagliardo–Nirenberg and
Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequalities. The class of weight functions under
consideration includes all nonnegative homogeneous weights satisfying a
concavity condition that is equivalent to a usual curvature-dimension bound
and the nonnegativity of a Bakry–Émery Ricci tensor. Though our densities
are not radial in general, the optimizers are radially symmetric.
Estimating the level of affinity of a quadratic form
Authors: Cheremushkin Aleksandr V.
Published: December 2017

The level of affinity of a Boolean function is defined as the minimum number of variables such that assigning any particular values to these variables makes the function affine. The generalized level of affinity is defined as the minimum number of linear combinations of variables the values of which may be specified in such a way that the function becomes affine. For a quadratic form of rank 2r the generalized level of affinity is equal to r. We present some properties of the distribution of the rank of the random quadratic form and, as a corollary, derive an asymptotic estimate for the generalized level of affinity of quadratic forms.
Cyclic decomposition of sets, set-splitting digraphs and cyclic classes of risk-free games
Authors: Chudnov Alexander M.
Published: December 2017

We study conditions for the existence of coalition games with the result invariant under cyclic shifts of players sequence numbers. Given a total number n of players, we estimate the number k of players of one coalition under which there exists a game in which this coalition wins under all cyclic shifts of players. We give procedures for construction of the so-called set-splitting digraphs on which risk-free nim-type games of a given coalition are defined.
Linearly realizable automata
Authors: Rodin Sergey B.
Published: December 2017

The paper is devoted to the investigation of “linearly realizable” automata, i.e. automata that allow state encodings that lead to implementations with linear Boolean operators. We formulate the criterion of linear realizability and obtain upper and lower bounds on the number of linearly realizable automata.
On the number of labeled outerplanar k-cycle blocks
Authors: Voblyi Vitaliy A.
Published: December 2017

An explicit formula is obtained for the number of labeled outerplanar k-cycle blocks with a given number of vertices.
Pratiques linguistiques et représentations identitaires autour de l’intercompréhension
Authors: Dunoyer Christiane
Published: December 2017

Le domaine francoprovençal a été défini comme un espace linguistique présentant un haut niveau de fragmentation. Cet article vise les effets de contact au niveau micro-linguistique des variétés francoprovençales avec lesquelles le locuteur francoprovençal, qu’il soit natif ou non natif, se confronte dans ses pratiques communicatives quotidiennes. Au regard de l’anthropologue, la fragmentation du domaine n'est pas envisagée d'une manière statique. Au contraire, elle constitue un point de départ possible pour une exploration des dynamiques langagières internes à la communauté des locuteurs, à travers l'analyse de la structuration des échanges linguistiques, notamment par le biais des nombreuses stratégies d'intercompréhension mises en place par les locuteurs, mais aussi à travers l’expression des sentiments identitaires du locuteur et de ses représentations de la langue. La conclusion place l’accent sur l’importance de ces dynamiques internes dans l'organisation du système linguistique et de leur implication dans les démarches visant la revitalisation, la transmission et la normalisation du francoprovençal, afin d’attirer l’attention sur des ressources dont les locuteurs disposent naturellement et qu’il est pertinent de prendre en compte dans toute réflexion relative à l’aménagement linguistique.
Du patois à l’« harpetan », entre (petite) patrie et nation imaginée: le discours sur le francoprovençal dans le Journal de Genève (1826–1998)
Authors: Meune Manuel
Published: December 2017

In Switzerland, Francoprovençal is still spoken in parts of the cantons of Fribourg and Valais, but has (almost) disappeared from other cantons. The archives of the Journal de Genève (JdG) illustrate the evolution of glottonyms and linguistic representations, ranging from acceptance of the extinction of patois to conservation efforts, and, more recently, to hopes of revitalization. This analysis is based on two corpora organized around 1909, composed of texts containing respectively at least one occurrence of the keywords “patois” (1826–1909) and “franco-provençal” (1909–1998). These corpora also reflect identity construction based on language at a regional, national or transnational level. In the 19th century, the imagined language community applied to “little fatherlands” (cantons), to Romandie or to a cross-border space limited to Geneva and Savoy. In the 20th century, the appearance of the word “Franco-Provençal” led some people to extend the symbolic space to the whole FP area, especially to the Aosta Valley. Even though the “FP cause” remains secondary in the JdG and the discourse on “Harpetan” seems anecdotal, we observe some signs of “proto-national” construction.
Contact-induced change in Francoprovençal phonological systems caused by standard French
Authors: Hinzelin Marc-Olivier
Published: December 2017

The phoneme or sound inventories of different Francoprovençal varieties are presented and compared. Typical Francoprovençal sounds are identified. This serves as a basis to study contact-induced sound change. Language contact and the influence of French on the phonological systems are examined in more detail. Changes are illustrated by corpus data from theMonts du Lyonnaisarea and compared with other sources, focusing on consonants. Dialectometric analysis ofALF-data confirms heavy French influence on Francoprovençal phonology, which cannot be recent. In the last hundred years, probably only minor changes in unstressed vowels occurred in the area studied.
Determinantal Generalizations of Instrumental Variables
Authors: Weihs Luca , Robinson Bill , Dufresne Emilie , Kenkel Jennifer , Kubjas Reginald McGee II Kaie , Reginald McGee II , Nguyen Nhan , Robeva Elina , Drton Mathias
Published: December 2017

Linear structural equation models relate the components of a random vector using linear interdependencies and Gaussian noise. Each such model can be naturally associated with a mixed graph whose vertices correspond to the components of the random vector. The graph contains directed edges that represent the linear relationships between components, and bidirected edges that encode unobserved confounding. We study the problem of generic identifiability, that is, whether a generic choice of linear and confounding effects can be uniquely recovered from the joint covariance matrix of the observed random vector. An existing combinatorial criterion for establishing generic identifiability is the half-trek criterion (HTC), which uses the existence of trek systems in the mixed graph to iteratively discover generically invertible linear equation systems in polynomial time. By focusing on edges one at a time, we establish new sufficient and new necessary conditions for generic identifiability of edge effects extending those of the HTC. In particular, we show how edge coefficients can be recovered as quotients of subdeterminants of the covariance matrix, which constitutes a determinantal generalization of formulas obtained when using instrumental variables for identification. While our results do not completely close the gap between existing sufficient and necessary conditions we find, empirically, that our results allow us to prove the generic identifiability of many more mixed graphs than the prior state-of-the-art.
Jedek: A newly discovered Aslian variety of Malaysia
Authors: Yager Joanne , Burenhult Niclas
Published: December 2017

Jedek is a previously unrecognized variety of the Northern Aslian subgroup of the Aslian branch of the Austroasiatic language family. It is spoken by about 280 individuals in the resettlement area of Sungai Rual, near Jeli in Kelantan state, Peninsular Malaysia. The community originally consisted of several bands of foragers along the middle reaches of the Pergau river. Jedek’s distinct status first became known during a linguistic survey carried out in the DOBES project
Covariate-based stochastic parameterization of baroclinic ocean eddies
Authors: Verheul Nick , Viebahn Jan , Crommelin Daan
Published: December 2017

In this study we investigate a covariate-based stochastic approach to parameterize unresolved turbulent processes within a standard model of the idealised, wind-driven ocean circulation. We focus on vertical instead of horizontal coarse-graining, such that we avoid the subtle difficulties of horizontal coarsegraining. The corresponding eddy forcing is uniquely defined and has a clear physical interpretation related to baroclinic instability.We propose to emulate the baroclinic eddy forcing by sampling from the conditional probability distribution functions of the eddy forcing obtained from the baroclinic reference model data. These conditional probability distribution functions are approximated here by sampling uniformly from discrete reference values. We analyze in detail the different performances of the stochastic parameterization dependent on whether the eddy forcing is conditioned on a suitable flow-dependent covariate or on a timelagged covariate or on both. The results demonstrate that our non-Gaussian, non-linear methodology is able to accurately reproduce the first four statistical moments and spatial/temporal correlations of the stream function, energetics, and enstrophy of the reference baroclinic model.
The impact of outpatient clinical care on the survival and hospitalisation rate in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Authors: Majc Dejan , Tepes Bojan
Published: December 2017

Background

In the study, we aimed to determine whether regular outpatient controls in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis have an impact on their survival and hospitalisation rates.

Patients and methods

We included patients with liver cirrhosis and regular outpatient controls as a prospective study group and patients with liver cirrhosis who were admitted to hospital only in cases of complications as a retrospective control group. The study was conducted between 2006 and 2011.

Results

We included 98 patients in the study group and 101 patients in the control group. There were more outpatient controls in the study group than in the control group (5.54 examinations vs. 2.27 examinations, p = 0.000). Patients in the study group had 25 fewer hospitalisations (10.2%; p = 0.612). The median survival rate was 4.6 years in the study group and 2.9 years in the control group (p = 0.021). Patients with Child A classification had an average survival of one year longer in the study group (p = 0.035). No significant difference was found for Child B patients. Patients with Child C classification had longer survival by 1.6 years in the study group (p = 0.006). Alcohol consumption was lower in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.018).

Conclusions

We confirmed that patients with regular outpatient controls had lower alcohol consumption, a lower hospitalisation rate and significantly prolonged survival time. We confirmed the necessity for the establishment of regular outpatient controls in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
Investigations of Trenched Film Hole Orientation Angle on Film Cooling Effectiveness
Authors: Krishna Anand V.G , Parammasivam K.M
Published: December 2017

The effect of altering the orientation angle of trenched film hole on film cooling effectiveness (ƞ) is analyzed through numerical investigation. The film holes were oriented at 6 different angles viz., 0°, 30°, 45°, 90°, 135° and 180° with a fixed inclination angle 30° and with a pitch to diameter (P/D) ratio 5.The length and depth of the trench embedding the film hole are fixed at 3D and 0.75D respectively. Three different blowing ratios M=0.5, 1 and 1.5 were studied. Results from the study reveal that changing the orientation angle of film hole with in trench offered a considerable improvement on ƞ from near film hole region to far downstream location on test surface. For a low blowing ratio of 0.5, the film cooling effectiveness distribution changes with respect to film hole orientation angle and higher ƞ zones are distributed along the corresponding film hole orientation angle. The film hole oriented at 90° with respect to stream wise direction delivered highest ƞ at all three different blowing ratios due to better lateral spreading and uniform coverage of injected coolant. Except near film hole region, 30° and 45° hole orientation produced uniform lateral effectiveness compared to 0° hole orientation.
Marktabgrenzung bei mehrseitigen Online-Plattformen
Authors: Volmar Maximilian
Published: December 2017

Unter den vielen Problemen, die im Kartellrecht durch die Digitalisierung entstanden sind, wird zur Marktabgrenzung bei Online-Plattformen aktuell viel diskutiert. Solche Plattformen sind beispielsweise Google, Facebook oder eBay, die mehrere Parteien – wie bei eBay Käufer und Verkäufer – aneinander vermitteln. Während die Problematik in der europäischen und US-amerikanischen Praxis weitgehend noch terra incognita darstellt, feilt das Bundeskartellamt seit den letzten Jahren an einer neuen Methode zur Abgrenzung von mehrseitigen Märkten. Bei Plattformen möchte das Amt in manchen Fällen einen einheitlichen Markt, in anderen Fällen mehrere, getrennte Märkte entlang der Plattformseiten abgrenzen. Die Behörde lässt sich dabei von ökonomischen Erwägungen wie Netzwerkeffekten oder multi- und single-homing leiten. Ein genauer Blick auf die neue Methodik offenbart aber Kritikpunkte. Die vom Bundeskartellamt vorgeschlagene Unterscheidung sogenannter Werbe- und Matching-Plattformen ist in vielen Fällen unklar. Außerdem wird die Prüfung durch eine Ausnahme für Verkaufstätigkeiten unnötig kompliziert. Deswegen wird eine Änderung der Methodik vorgeschlagen. Dieses hier sogenannte zweigliedrige Bedarfsmarktkonzept soll Einordnungsschwierigkeiten vermeiden und eine schlankere Prüfung ermöglichen.
Die relativ-tätigkeitsveranlasste Einstandspflicht der Gesellschafter eines Gemeinschaftsunternehmens für Kartellbußgelder
Authors: Könen Daniel , Dogs Maximilian
Published: December 2017

Mit der Entscheidung in der Toshiba Corp./Kommission (Toshiba) liefert der EuGH neuen Stoff für die Diskussion über eine Vermutung der Ausübung eines bestimmenden Einflusses auf ein Gemeinschaftsunternehmen, welche notwendig eine bußgeldrelevante wirtschaftliche Einheit mit den Gesellschaftern zur Folge hätte. Mit Blick auf die an Art. 101 Abs. 1 AEUV anknüpfende bußgeldrechtliche Einstandspflicht nehmen die Bearbeiter insbesondere das tätigkeitsbezogene Konzept der wirtschaftlichen Einheit sowie das sog. Konzernprivileg in den Fokus der Betrachtung von Konstellationen zwischen Muttergesellschaften und ihren Gemeinschaftsunternehmen. Die Ausführungen des EuGH zur Einstandspflicht der Gesellschafter eines Gemeinschaftsunternehmens erscheinen nur dann als primärrechtskonform, wenn im Rahmen einer notwendigen Gesamtabwägung der wirtschaftlichen, organisatorischen und rechtlichen Verflechtungen der Nachweis gelingt, dass die Muttergesellschaft bestimmenden Einfluss tatsächlich ausgeübt hat.
Study of the family dolichopodidae in grasslands of Miandoab County, Iran
Authors: Hamed E. , Khaghaninia S. , Kazerani F.
Published: December 2017

During studies of Diptera in the grasslands of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, during 2014-2015, 10 species of the family Dolichopodidae have been identified that among them Hydrophorus callostomus Loew, 1857 is recorded for the first time from Iran.
Aggressiveness variation among and within Fusarium head blight species on barley in vitro
Authors: Sakr N.
Published: December 2017

Aggressiveness variation among 16 isolates of four Fusarium species (F. culmorum, F. solani, F. verticillioides and F. equiseti) causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) was studied in vitro. Evaluation of three aggressiveness criteria involved in a Petri-dish test: germination rate reduction, standardized area under disease progress curve (AUDPCstandard), and coleoptile length reduction was carried out on the barley cultivar Arabi Aswad. Results showed differences between barley plants inoculated with FHB isolates and control for the three tested aggressiveness criteria. Regarding AUDPCstandard and Petri-dish aggressiveness index which is calculated from the mean value of three aggressiveness criteria, within and among variation was detected. Intra- and inter-species variability was not distinguished for the other two aggressiveness criteria. However, pathogenic level observed among 16 isolates can not be differentiated within the four FHB species. Significant correlation was detected only between AUDPCstandard and Petri-dish aggressiveness index. The results were comparable with those previously obtained using the same fungal isolates on wheat cultivar in vitro. It seems that FHB isolates recovered from wheat spikes and tested on wheat plants showed a similar range of aggressiveness on a barley cultivar, Arabi Aswad.
Application of TTSP to non-linear deformation in composite propellant
Authors: Jinsheng Xu , Hongli Wang , Xiaohong Yang , Long Han , Changsheng Zhou
Published: December 2017

A series of constant-rate tensile tests and relaxation tests were conducted to assess the mechanical properties of the hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant. The relaxation modulus master curve was acquired using relaxation tests at the linear viscoelastic segment, and stress-reduced time master curves at different strain levels were established to determine whether the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) could be used to assess the non-linear mechanical property of the HTPB propellant. Results showed that the mechanical properties of HTPB propellant strongly depend on temperature; the extent of this dependence is enhanced with decrease in temperature, and the TTSP can be used in non-linear segments. With the application of the TTSP, the ultimate strength and the stress–strain curves of constant-rate tensile tests can be predicted at any temperature and strain rate, and the predicted σ–ε responses matched the test results closely, but led to some errors at high temperatures, this is because of some errors in the time–temperature shift factors.
Tuag at y Miliwn o Siaradwyr Cymraeg: Gwersi o'r Gwerthusiad o'r Strategaeth Addysg Cyfrwng Cymraeg
Authors: Duggan Brett , Thomas Hefin
Published: December 2017

In August 2016, the Welsh Government launched its vision to reach 1 million Welsh speakers by the year 2050. The education system is central to this long-term and ambitious project and there is a recognition of the need to increase significantly the number of people receiving Welsh-medium
education if the target is to be achieved. This paper considers a number of overarching findings that emerged from an independent evaluation (2012– 16) of the first national strategy for Welsh-medium education, launched in 2010. The evaluation drew on mixed methods, including qualitative
research in thirty schools across six areas of Wales; focus groups with learners and parents; stakeholder interviews; a Wales-wide survey of head teachers, eliciting 331 completed responses; and separate focused studies on specific aspects of the Welsh-medium education system. Among the key
findings were the need to strengthen planning arrangements – locally and nationally – and for local authorities to take greater ownership of Welsh in education strategic plans. The paper also reflects on the infrastructure and capacity required to support growth in Welsh-medium
education. One key recurring theme is the need for robust interventions and implementation by policy-makers in supporting proposals to create 1 million Welsh speakers by 2050.
What Do We Know and Not Know about Choice of Medium of Education in South-East Wales?
Authors: Jones Siôn Llewelyn
Published: December 2017

It is widely assumed that as a result of school choice, Welsh-medium schools in south-east Wales largely cater for students from privileged, middle-class backgrounds. The main aim of this article is to examine whether evidence supports this assumption. While it is difficult to determine
whether Welsh-medium schools are elite educational institutions or not, it is evident based on data on free school meals (an indicator of household poverty) ratios of schools, that Welsh-medium schools have on average lower proportion of students from the poorest households compared to English-medium
schools in south-east Wales. This article also aims to explain how the context (the circumstances in which decisions are made) and process (how decisions are made) of school choice contribute towards the trends with regards to the social composition of Welsh-medium and English-medium schools
in south-east Wales. This article argues that by drawing on both Rational Choice Theory and Bourdieu's Cultural Reproduction Theory (two theoretical frameworks that have been influential on school choice research), researchers will be able to gain a better understanding of the process underlying
choice of medium of education.
OPC UA and ISA 95
Authors: Brandl Dennis , Hunkar Paul , Mahnke Wolfgang
Published: December 2017

ISA 95 bietet ein Informationsmodell, das Materialien, Personal, Equipment, technische Anlagen, und andere Information auf der Ebene des Produktionsprozessmanagements repräsentiert. OPC UA offeriert eine verlässliche Kommunikationsinfrastruktur. Die Fähigkeiten zur Informationsmodellierung von OPC UA ermöglichen die generische und konfigurierbare Repräsentation der ISA 95-Information und den schnellen synchronen Datenaustausch, wie er für Produktionsabläufe erforderlich ist. Dieser Artikel beschreibt einen Ansatz zur Abbildung von ISA 95 nach OPC UA, der den interoperablen Informationsaustausch ermöglicht.
Cloud Computing im Kontext eines Prozessleitsystems
Authors: Schneider Martin , Runde Stefan , Glaser Martin , Gerach Stefan
Published: December 2017

Die Informationstechnik hat wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Architektur von Prozessleitsystemen genommen. Das belegen unterschiedliche Bussysteme sowie Anzeige- und Bedienansätze. So hat die im ersten Beitragsteil beschriebene IT-Technologie Virtualisierung bereits heute Einzug in die Praxis gehalten. Cloud Computing ist hingegen nicht übliche Praxis im Kontext der Architektur eines Prozessleitsystems. Im Rahmen entsprechender Vorfeldarbeiten fokussiert dieser zweite Beitragsteil auf das häufig kontrovers diskutierte Cloud Computing hinsichtlich der Prozessleitsystem-Architektur.
UM FANTASMA ASSOMBRA A CASA-GRANDE: ESPAÇO E NARRATIVA EM TOTÔNIO PACHECO, DE JOÃO ALPHONSUS
Authors: Salgado Marcus Rogério
Published: December 2017

O objetivo do presente artigo é o estudo das relações entre escrita e espaço no romance Totônio Pacheco, do escritor mineiro João Alphonsus, publicado em 1935 e premiado em sua época. Veremos como as relações espaciais no interior do texto desvelam problemáticas tanto sociais como psicológicas, sendo mesmo responsável pela fusão das perspectivas local/social e existencial psicológica almejada por diversas obras do período, como Os Ratos, Angústia etc.   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
O FEEDBACK EM TELETANDEM ENTRE DIFERENTES CULTURAS: A PERSPECTIVA DO EXTERIOR
Authors: Garcia Daniela Nogueira de Moraes
Published: December 2017

Teletandem é um contexto virtual, autônomo e colaborativo de aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras que utiliza os recursos de escrita, voz e imagem de webcam da tecnologia VOIP (como o Skype) para o ensino/aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras. As interações têm atraído olhares de investigação para seus variados prismas. Na comunicação autêntica e nas primeiras experiências em teletandem situo o meu interesse nos eventos de feedback entre os pares de diferentes culturas.  Os participantes de pesquisa são interagentes de uma universidade americana na qual as ações em teletandem são consolidadas nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa e incipientes nas aulas das demais línguas estrangeiras. As parcerias foram constituídas entre os americanos e falantes nativos de árabe, italiano, espanhol e turco. O presente estudo aborda uma parte de uma pesquisa de pós-doutorado[1] conduzida no exterior e apresenta os dados, sob uma metodologia qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico. Como resultado, o estudo visa oferecer subsídios teóricos e práticos a professores envolvidos com a aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras em contextos telecolaborativos.[1] Processo FAPESP: 2014/14442-8   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.