bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eclampsia at the university of Abuja teaching hospital: a ten-year review
Authors: Ayogu Malachy Emeka , Omonua Kate Ifeoma , Omonua Kate Ifeoma , Ayogu Miriam Chinelo , Ayogu Miriam Chinelo
Published: September 2019

Background: Worldwide, eclampsia remains one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia is a multisystem disease and despite extensive research, no definitive etiology has been identified. This disease therefore continues to pose a challenge in obstetric practice, especially in developing countries like ours. We therefore set out to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and outcome of eclampsia at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive retrospective review of cases of eclampsia managed at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja over a 10-year period. The case notes of these women were retrieved, and relevant data obtained included age, parity, booking status, type of eclampsia, gestational age at presentation, mode of delivery, maternal and perinatal outcome variables. Data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS Inc, Chicago) version 20 and outcome variables represented in simple percentages.Results: Of the 22,945 deliveries conducted during that period, 257 cases of eclampsia were managed, putting the prevalence of eclampsia at 1.12%. Of these, 90.5% were unbooked, 67.6% were primigravidae and 88.2% were below 30years of age. Antepartum eclampsia was the commonest form, occurring in 67.6% of the patients. Caesarean section was the mode of delivery in 82.2% of cases. Maternal and perinatal mortality were 4.6% and 11.1% respectively.Conclusions: Eclampsia is still a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in our environment. One intervention to reduce its impact is education on the importance of antenatal care attendance. It’s also pertinent that this basic form of care be made more affordable and more easily accessible to those women who are socially disadvantaged.
Giant pleomorphic adenoma of submandibular salivary gland: a case report
Authors: Sheikh Nazia T. , Muzaffar Rahil , Khurshid Sumat UL
Published: September 2019

The most common benign salivary gland tumor is the pleomorphic adenoma (PA). They can attain grotesque proportions and weigh several kilograms. They can cause facial disﬁgurement and, if untreated, could lead to airway compromise. Authors report a case of a large PA arising from the right submandibular salivary gland in a 48-year-old male. The lesion measured 9cmx8cmx5cm.
Oneroid syndrome: a rare form of psychosis
Authors: A. Chamelee , Selvamani Iniyan , Nambi Shanthi
Published: September 2019

Oneiroid syndrome (OS) or dream-like fantastic delusional derangement of consciousness, is characterized by a kaleidoscopic quality of psychopathological experiences, wherein reality, illusions and hallucinations are merged into one. This syndrome is an uncommon psychiatric condition, which hardly finds any mention in psychiatric literature. Also, does not find a place in the current diagnostic systems. Here, we describe a rare case of oneroid syndrome in a young adult who presented to our department and who responded well to anti psychotics.
YASAK PEASANTS OF THE KAZAN REGION IN THE SOUTHERN MIDDLE VOLGA REGION (TO THE QUESTION OF THE SPECIFICS OF COLONIZATION PROCESSES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVII CENTURY)
Authors: Dubman E. L.
Published: September 2019

The article describes the characteristics of the development of the Southern Middle Volga Region by the yasak indigenous population of the Kazan Region in the second half of the XVII century. During this period the military administrative and economic integration of its territory into Russia took place.
The source base of the work consists of published documents and archival materials from the funds of the RGADA and other archives.
The purpose of the study is to study the characteristics of participation of the indigenous peoples of the Kazan Region in the economic colonization of the Southern Middle Volga and the formation of a new society on its space. An attempt was made to determine their place and role in this process.
It is shown that in the second half of the XVII century Chuvash, Mordovians and Tatars are becoming one of the most significant categories of inhabitants of the region. Until that time, they were engaged in the exploitation of hitting of the regions natural resources. In the second half of the century, in the course of mass economic development of new lands, the indigenous peoples of the Kazan Region, along with the Russians, became almost equal participants in agricultural colonization. It was revealed that in the process of resettlement various ethnic groups were in close social, legal, economic conditions. The government policy was directed on such conditions of the colonization process.
It was concluded that in that period a peculiar process of finding a homeland took place on the territory of the South Middle Volga Region. A single regional socio-cultural community began to emerge from different ethnic and confessional groups of immigrants.
SOMATIC METAPHOR (CASE STUDY OF THE ENGLISH AND SPANISH LANGUAGES)
Authors: Shekhovskaya Yu. A. , Peretyatko A. V.
Published: September 2019

This article discusses various definitions of the concepts of metaphor and metaphorical model. The meaning of the somatic metaphor in sports discourse is analyzed. Subspecies of somatic metaphor - physiological metaphor, morbial metaphor and social metaphor are identified. Conclusions about similarities and differences of the English and Spanish sports discourses are made. A large number of metaphors are created in the areas of language functioning that are in the center of special public attention, and on issues that are debatable in society, such as politics, economics, ecology, etc.
Modern linguistic studies, interpreting metaphor as a mental and cognitive phenomenon, make it possible to speak about the universality of metaphor, its presence in the conceptual structures of human thinking.
The study used the methods of analysis and synthesis, the method of comparison. Work has been done on the study of somatic metaphors in English and Spanish; comparisons of physiological metaphors, morbial metaphors and social metaphors are made in the sports discourse of Spanish and English.
In the course of study, it was found out that the physiological metaphor is used both in English and in Spanish, but differs by objects of comparison, i.e. those with which parts of the body the association takes place. If in English sports discourse such parts of the body as head and face are the source of metaphorical images, in the Spanish version bones and muscles dominate.
Consequently, the widespread use of anthropomorphic metaphor in the texts of Hispanic media is not accidental. Possessing all these properties, sport functions as an organism. This gives grounds for highlighting the metaphoric model SPORT-BODY, within which we can say that the names of body parts can be a source of metaphors in sports discourse.
BEGINNING OF THE WAR: THE 1941 NAVIGATION ON THE RIVERS OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF THE USSR
Authors: Gomanenko O. A.
Published: September 2019

After the war began water ways became one of the most important means of transportation. The goal of the article is to determine the significance of river transportation during the 1941 navigation. The task is to show fulfillment of the target amounts of people and cargo transportation for the Front, as well as transportation of the wounded, civilians and industrial facilities to the rear. The study is based on the objectiveness and historical principles as well as the systematic approach. The general scientific, special historical and quantitative methods were applied. The study uses both published sources and archival ones.
It has been established that after the beginning of the war the significance of river transportation grew dramatically and it came to be of the utmost importance. River cargo traffic and turnover of goods changed, the Volga included. The strategically important goods transportation (oil included) grew. At the same time the amount of ships at river transport organizations (at the Volga organizations particularly) across the country fell sharply due to mobilization for military needs. This greatly affected the amounts of civil cargo and passenger transportation that had to be risen. Besides river transportation suffered from the lack of workforce. Workers were supplied from various sources, the workforce-training system included. Nevertheless this problem had been acute until the war was over.
ASSISTANSE OF THE UNION CENTER TO THE BELORUSSIAN SSR IN RESTORATION OF AGRICULTURE IN 1943-1945
Authors: Kondrashin V. V. , Selemenev V. D.
Published: September 2019

The article describes the types and scale of assistance provided in 1943 1945 by the Belarusian SSR by the Union center in the restoration of the destroyed by the Nazi invaders agriculture of the Republic.
It states that this assistance was part of the state program of restoration and development of the national economy of Belarus, developed by the Soviet government with the participation of the republican leadership of the BSSR.
The authors of the article touch upon such important types of assistance of the Belarusian village from the Union center as the allocation of funds for the restoration of the agricultural economy, the import of cattle and agricultural machinery from the Eastern regions of the RSFSR to the BSSR and due to the reparations from the defeated Nazi Germany, etc. The article also highlights the problematic issues in obtaining the help of the Belarusian SSR from the Union center.
The authors conclude that the assistance provided by the Union center of the BSSR in 19431945 played a crucial role in the process of restoration of the destroyed agriculture of the Republic.
PHILOSOPHY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF STUDENTS’ REFLECTIVE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Golenkov S. I.
Published: September 2019

The article discusses the concept of teaching university philosophy course. The current teaching of philosophy at the university does not correspond the requirements of the time, as it is focused on gaining knowledge of philosophy. Such an orientation is characteristic of a classical university, which can exist only in a situation of stability and relatively slow changes in the social world around it. Modern University prepares its graduates for professional activities in a continuously and rapidly changing world. The present dynamic life requires from a specialist the skills of independent, critical work with information, responsible use of it. The purpose of the article is to determine the conceptual foundations of a university philosophy course that correspond contemporary realities. The necessity of orientation of philosophy to the formation and development of the student's skill of reflection problems and issues of professional activity and daily life is justified. In this regard, the task of the university philosophy course seems to be equipping the graduate with the philosophical tools of reflexive activity. Solving this task is promoted by such methods of mastering philosophy as self-reflection, reading and analysis of philosophical texts and discourses. Experience shows that these methods work most effectively in thinking about questions of moral and existential choice, individual freedom, professional mission, the search for the meaning of life, etc., that is, in the analysis of real life situations.
In conclusion, it is concluded that the conceptual basis of teaching philosophy in higher education today must be transformed from the study of philosophy to the practice of philosophy.
«PATRIOTIC CULTURE» AS A SCIENTIFIC CATEGORY
Authors: Filipchenko S. N.
Published: September 2019

The phenomenon of patriotic culture is considered in the state and regional programs on patriotic education of youth, which is a strategic course of the state policy of the Russian Federation.
Socio-political changes in Russia have led to a change in spiritual and moral values among young people. There is a tendency of losing patriotic consciousness in the younger generation. In this situation it is patriotism and culture which ensure the integrity of Russian society, state immunity, independence and preservation of historical and patriotic heritage.
The concept patriotic culture is studied by many researchers. Researchers pay attention to the complexity and multidimensionality of the interpretation of this phenomenon. The author defines patriotic culture of students as scientific knowledge of the history of state, its traditions, ideology, the essence of patriotic duty and love for your motherland. The author distinguishes cognitive, sensory-emotional and activity components in the structure of patriotic culture.
The formation of patriotic culture of university students is defined as a specially organized step-by-step process of students acquiring the ideal objectivity produced by culture in the context of identifying patriotic culture according to the goals and objectives facing future professionals.
The formation of patriotic culture of students on the basis of the components mentioned above should be based on understanding of internal needs of an individual that emerge in the process of studies at university. The process of the formation takes place in the classroom during the study of disciplines of the chosen specialty, as well as during psychological and pedagogical practice, which clearly shows the level of the acquired patriotic culture and the culture of interpersonal and interethnic relations of students.
SEMANTIC DERIVATION OF CONSUBSTANTIAL TERMS OF THE HUMANITIES, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Anisimova А. G. , Pavlyuk M. I.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the semantic changes of the terms of the Humanities and those of social and political sciences, the majority of which are consubstantial. It is universally acknowledged that a lexical-semantic way of coining new terms is the most productive one, which makes the majority of terms consubstantial.
Words borrowed from the general literary language more often than not undergo the process of terminologisation and turns into terms proper whose meaning becomes more precise and narrow. Besides the process of terminologisation the article also considers the processes of determinologisation and reterminologisation. The research has also shown that the meaning of the term changes due to its transition from the category of the author original terms to international ones. These conclusions are also applicable to metaphor-based terms and terms coined on the basis of proper nouns. Having become part of terminological word combinations, proper nouns lose the meanings common for all participants of the speech community.
The growing level of terminologisation results in the change of meaning of the term to such an extent that it becomes understandable only to professionals. The common seme which the term shares with the word of the general language disappears.
The material for the research includes terminological dictionaries of various fields of the humanities and social and political sciences (economics, politics, law, art criticism). The authors have tried to present the studied material as a whole, to address certain problem caused by the change of meaning and to identify regularities of terminological meaning change.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC MARKERS OF A GOVERNESS' IMAGE IN THE VICTORIAN AGE (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE NOVELS BY THE BRONTЕ SISTERS)
Authors: Kapustkina E. S.
Published: September 2019

The present article deals with a shift in the social perception of an English governess in the 1830-ies in view of sociolinguistic markers by means of which her image is created. The shift was caused by rising living standards of Victorians, especially of those involved in industry and trade. The eagerness to emulate their landed aristocracy, which middle-class English people have always been well-known for, is reflected by the fact that the eligibility of employing a governess for one's children is no longer restricted to aristocratic families. Instead, it is regarded as a matter of pride and a symbol of wealth and prosperity by middle-class people. As a result, Victorian literature sees the arrival of a new genre the governess novel where the main character falls a victim of her financial situation and has to tolerate the brutal working conditions and suffer from both her employers' and her pupils' undisguised contempt. The article studies the anthroponymic space of the novels Agnes Grey by Anne Brontё and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontё and analyses the dictionary definitions of key lexemes, which reveals some class prejudices a governess has to face and the reasons for her intermediate social position in a Victorian house.
Export Changes Due to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: Expanding the scale of shift-share analysis
Authors: Asgary Ali , Mehregan Nader , Hassani Younes , Levy Jason
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Disasters can impact national economies in many ways, one of which is through international trade components such as export. with estimated direct damages of over US$211 billion, the Great Eastern Japan earthquake of 2011 has been the costliest disaster in the history of Japan. Although this disaster occurred in an area with lower share in the national and global economy, many Japanese and non-Japanese firms outside the affected area were affected by the ripple effects of this disaster. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which changes in post disaster exports of Japan can be attributed to this disaster.
Methods: A modified version of shift-share method was employed to examine the impacts of the disaster on Japan’s export. Considering the regional economic analysis, shift-share analysis is often used to compare regional economic changes with regard to national changes. It decomposes the regional economy changes into universal, industry mix, and competitive advantage components. In this study, an up-scaled shift share analysis was conducted that examined the changes of Japan export versus the world. Two datasets were used in this study. The first dataset included Japan’s exports and the other contained the world’s exports. . The World Trade Organization (WTO)’s online database constituted the main data source.
Results: According to the shift-share analysis, Japan experienced some increase in export during the study years, which was due to the overall universal export increases. In the same period, Japan lost some of its exports due to the industry mix component. The results showed that the 2011 Great East Japan disaster had a substantial impact on Japan’s exports through the export reduction caused by the competitive effect.
Conclusions: Large-scale disasters may have a significant impact on the overall national economy and export. The results of this study highlighted that the disaster had a negative competitive advantage for all economic sectors of Ja
The Effect of Climatic Change on the Current and Future Niche of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Vector and Reservoir Species in Yazd Province
Authors: Shiravand Babak , Dehghani Tafti Abbas Ali , Mousavi Seyed Hossein , Taj Firouzeh Ali Akbar , Hosseini Seyed Akbar
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major are the causative agents of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) and Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) in various areas of Iran, respectively. Yazd province is one of the endemic centers of ZCL. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and predict the effects of the climate change on the potential scattering of the vector and reservoir species of ZCL disease in Yazd province, as one of the endemic centers of ZCL in Iran in the present (1950-2000) and prospective time (2030).
Materials and Methods: According to the findings of prior studies conducted in Yazd province, the data related to the vectors and reservoir of the ZCL were collected and recorded in the databank. ArcGIS 10.3 and MaxEnt software were used to estimate the suitable ecological niches using 19 variables. In this study, Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model and scenario of  Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 were applied with respect to 2030 horizon.
Results: According to results of Jackknife test, the climate variables of Bio8 & Bio6 for the current period, and climate variables of Bio8 & Bio7 for the future (2030) produced the most effects on the distribution of vector and reservoir species in Yazd province. These results indicated that temperature had the greatest impact on the vector’s distribution in the present and future. Currently, eastern and central areas of the province are more likely to receive most of the vector and reservoir species. It is anticipated that in the future, we will observe an increase in the presence of vector in the western districts and reservoirs in the northern and central regions of the province. 
Conclusion: Climate conditions provide suitable habitats for easy transfer of ZCL disease in Yazd province. This research confirmed that suitable climatic conditions for the vector and reservoir will be expanded in coming years in comparison with the current period.
Hospital safety index in hospitals affiliated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2015
Authors: Feizolahzadeh Sima , Elahi Ahmad , Rahimi Fariba , Momeni Alireza , Mohsenzadeh Yazdan
Published: September 2019

Introduction: To survive is the first concern of people after disasters. The ability to keep performing and offering services in hospitals at the same time as appropriate responding to the medical needs of disaster victims, matters tremendously. An effective element in this regard is having appropriate safety level in hospitals. The aim of this study was to specify the safety index of hospitals covered by Alborz University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This descriptive-provisional study was conducted between 2014 and 2015 in Alborz province. Nine public hospitals, affiliated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences, were chosen by the means of census method. The data collection tool was the standard tool of hospital safety index, WHO / PAHO, through which the level of hospital safety (in three structural, non-structural and functional areas) were determined. Data were analyzed through Excel software. The outcomes were rated between zero to one, and accordingly, in terms of safety, hospitals were classified as either A, B or C.
Results: Based on the results of this study, most of the examined hospitals were at B level of safety. Although the group B hospitals can put up with disasters in time but, their vital equipment and services will be put at jeopardy.
Conclusion: Measuring the safety index of hospitals as well as determining their level of safety, it can be figured out how much a hospital can preserve its organization and function in disasters. This index will be helpful for decision makers and policymakers, when it comes to prioritizing management and civil interventions.
The Effect of Management Contract Implementation on Public Hospitals’ Performance: A Case Study in Iran
Authors: Barati Omid , Sadeghi Ahmad , Bahrami Mohammad Amin
Published: September 2019

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of using a management contract mechanism on hospital’s performance indicators.
Methods: A longitudinal comparative study was done in 4 educational hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The related data to 17 performance indicators (including 4 financial, 6 facility utilization, 2 customers, 3 human resources, and 2 quality indicators) of the studied hospitals were collected for two years before management contract implementation and two years after its implementation using hospital information system (HIS). The collected data were ordered and analyzed using EXCELL and SPSS18 software.
Results: The results showed the positive effects of contract management implementation on some financial, facility, customer, human resources and quality indicators. Hospital income, patients’ satisfaction, staff satisfaction and the number of inpatients and outpatients of studied hospitals improved significantly after contracting.
Conclusion: Although, the present study showed the benefits of contracting process in delivering hospital services, its success largely depends on the clear monitoring of contract and the continuous development of the managerial capacity of contractors.
APLIKASI CUTI DOSEN BERBASIS ANDROID PADA STEBIS ISLAM DARUSSALAM
Authors: Solikin Imam , Putra M. Soekarno
Published: September 2019

The development of information technology is currently growing which makes it easier for users with a mobile or android based system that can be used wherever and whenever the user wants. Bina Darma University Palembang is one of the private universities in Palembang that has been accredited B and has ISO standards. Bina Darma University has employees including employees and staff and lecturers. At Bina Darma University Palembang the process of filing leave is still done manually. Employees and lecturers who will propose leave are required to make and provide a leave of reference letter. By using this android-based leave application, it makes it easier for lecturers or employees to carry out the process of filing leave, because it can be accessed anywhere and anytime so that it can improve the time in filing leave.

Keywords: Android, Leave, Lecturer 

Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini yang semakin berkembang yang semakin memudahkan pengguna dengan adanya sistem berbasi mobile atau android yang dapat digunakan dimanapun dan kapanpun pengguna inginkan. Universitas Bina Darma Palembang merupakan salah satu Universitas swasta di kota Palembang yang telah terakreditasi B dan berstandar ISO. Universitas Bina Darma memiliki pegawai yang meliputi karyawan beserta staf dan dosen pengajar. Pada Universitas Bina Darma Palembang proses pengajuan cuti masih dilakukan secara manual. Karyawan dan dosen yang akan mengajukan cuti yaitu harus membuat dan memberikan surat pengacuan cuti. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi pengajuan cuti berbasis android ini memudahkan dosen ataupun karyawan dalam melakukan proses pengajuan cuti, karena dapat diakses dimanapun dan kapanpun sehingga hal ini dapat mengefienkan waktu dalam pengajuan cuti.

Kata kunci: Android, Cuti, Dosen
Optimization of Rhodamine B Decolorization by Adsorption and Photoelectrodegradation Combination System
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Anjani Velina , Munawaroh Hanik , Purnawan Candra
Published: September 2019

A combination of adsorption and photoelectrodegradation system was performed to reduce the concentration of Rhodamine B dye in water. The adsorption was conducted using silica and alumina activated by acid and base under various predetermined pH of Rhodamine B. The photoelectrodegradation process was performed using Ti/TiO2 electrode as a cathode and Ti/TiO2-NiO as an anode. TiO2 was synthesized from titanium tetra-isopropoxide precursor (TTiP) by sol-gel method. TiO2-NiO composite was synthesized with the same precursor with the addition of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O. The result shows that the activation changes the amount of OH total in the adsorbent. The acid-activated adsorbent showed an optimum adsorption activity when Rhodamine B was in base condition caused by zwitter ionic structure. It reversely occured to base-activated adsorbent where an optimum absorption activity reached at acid condition. The application of base-activated silica in adsorption and photoelectrodegradation combination system decreased the concentration of Rhodamine B dye up to 98.79% using photoanode Ti/TiO2-NiO under pH 2 at bias potential 6 V.
Latarjet Procedure for the Treatment of Anterior Glenohumeral Instability
Authors: Woodmass Jarret M. , Wagner Eric R. , Solberg Muriel , Hunt Tyler J. , Higgins Laurence D.
Published: September 2019

Anterior glenohumeral instability is common, with 21.9 first-time dislocations per 100,000 individuals per year. Recurrent instability is more likely to occur in patients who are younger, of male sex, and have bone defects or ligament laxity. The open Latarjet procedure is effective for the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability and is preferred over arthroscopic Bankart repair in the presence of glenoid bone loss. The Latarjet procedure involves transferring the coracoid to the anterior aspect of the glenoid in the following steps. Step 1: Preoperative planning includes an assessment of glenoid deformation and the integrity of the rotator cuff. The degree of bone loss is measured with use of the circle-line method. Step 2: The patient is in the beach-chair position with the arm in a pneumatic arm holder. A parallel drill guide system with 3.75-mm cannulated screws is utilized. Step 3: A 5-to-6-cm incision is made along the anterior axillary line. The deltopectoral interval is established, and the cephalic vein is mobilized laterally. The coracoacromial ligament is transected 15 mm lateral to the coracoid to allow later repair to the anterior capsule. The pectoralis minor is released subperiosteally off the medial coracoid. A 90° oscillating saw is used to transect the coracoid medially to laterally. The coracohumeral ligament is released. Step 4: Two 4.0-mm drill-holes are made 1 cm apart through the coracoid. The undersurface is decorticated. Step 5: The subscapularis is split at the junction of the upper two-thirds and lower one-third. A longitudinal capsulotomy is performed parallel to the glenoid. Step 6: Soft tissue, including the capsule and labrum, is removed from the anterior aspect of the glenoid. The bone is decorticated with an osteotome and a rasp. Step 7: The coracoid is positioned flush or 1 mm recessed relative to the glenoid. Two 1.6-mm guidewires are placed with use of a parallel drill guide followed by a cannulated reamer and two 3.75-mm cannulated screws. Step 8: The coracoacromial ligament is repaired to the capsule. Step 9: The subscapularis split is repaired laterally. The deltopectoral interval and skin are closed in a standard fashion. A standardized rehabilitation protocol is employed postoperatively. The Latarjet procedure results in significantly lower rates of recurrent glenohumeral instability and revision compared with the arthroscopic Bankart procedure (3% and 1% compared with 28.4% and 21%, respectively); however, complication rates as high as 30% have been reported, as well as a risk for nerve injury. The videos included in this article highlight the critical steps required to optimize outcomes and minimize complications when performing the Latarjet procedure.
Creation and characterisation of 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 transgenic mesenchymal stem cells for use in models of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: MAHIDA RAHUL Y. , Yuan Zhengqiang , Kolluri Krishna K. , Lugg Sebastian T. , Scott Aaron , Parekh Dhruv , Hardy Rowan S. , Lavery Gareth G. , Janes Sam M. , Thickett David R.
Published: September 2019

Background: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration reduces inflammation in pre-clinical models of lung injury, however clinical efficacy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has not been shown. Upregulation of the glucocorticoid activating enzyme, 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD-1) within the alveolar space elevates local anti-inflammatory cortisol levels, and promotes alveolar macrophage efferocytosis. Administration of HSD-1 transgenic MSCs (tMSCs) that overexpress HSD-1 may enhance local cortisol activation. This combined cellular and gene therapy may be more effective at reducing inflammation in ARDS than cellular therapy alone. Methods: Molecular cloning was used to create a recombinant lentiviral vector containing the HSD-1 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenes. MSCs were transfected using this lentivirus, then transfection efficiency was assessed using flow-cytometry. HSD-1 transgene expression was assessed using immunofluorescence and western blotting. Thin layer chromatography was used to assess HSD-1 function in tMSCs. Bi-lineage differentiation and flow-cytometry were used to determine whether tMSCs maintained a stem cell phenotype. Results: A recombinant lentiviral vector was created containing the HSD-1 and GFP transgenes under the control of a tetracycline promoter. MSCs were successfully transfected, with a transfection efficiency of 91.1%. HSD-1 transgene expression was confirmed by immunofluorescence and western blot. Functional HSD-1 activity was evident within tMSCs, with predominant reductase cortisol activation, following treatment with the transcriptional activator doxycycline. HSD-1 reductase activity was maintained for 72 hours after doxycycline was removed from tMSCs. HSD-1 tMSCs maintained the capacity for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and maintained expression of MSC surface markers. Conclusions: We successfully transduced tMSCs to express the HSD-1 transgene that functions predominantly as a reductase. Administration of HSD-1 tMSCs to in vivo models of ARDS may attenuate inflammation through activation of cortisol in the alveolar space.
Identification of catechol dioxygenases of acinetobacter species, with improved ability to degrade crude oil
Authors: AL-Kadmy Israa M.S. , Suhail Ahmed , Abid Suhad Abbas , Aziz Sarah Naji , Abed Al-Maamoon H. , Al-sallami Karrar Jasim
Published: September 2019

Background: Various microbes involved in alkanes degradation or reducing organics oil products have been identified among. The goal of this work was to screen the soil bacteria with potential ability to degrade alkanes and characterized using a combination of genetic and physiological methods.Methods: The microbial species of soil sample was isolated and the loss of hydrocarbon was calculated periodically by gravimetric analysis. Isolated bacterial strain with potential ability to degrade the engine oil in Baghdad city was further tested for hydrocarbon-degrading abilities using 2, 6-DCPIP. Colonies of bacteria were counted using serial dilution methods of the soil sample. One of the highly bioactive degrading strains ISN53 was selected and a different fraction of crude extract were analyzed for their hydrocarbon degrading activity. The purified active fraction characterised in LC/MS and SDS PAGE. Presence of chlorocatechol dioxygenases was checked by PCR and expression was analyzed in RT PCR. The envelope of ISn21 isolate was checked for any changes under different conditions using microbial adhesion to the hydrocarbon test (MATH). Results: Serratia marcesens (Sm53) and Acinetobacter venetianus (ISn21) were isolated and ISn21 showed maximum growth on the third day and up to 72% degradation on the 7th day of incubation. LC-MS/MS spectrometry analysis identified the bioactive enzyme catechol dioxygenases in crude extract. The purified catechol dioxygenases enzyme had 35 kDa weight which showed the maximum activity between 48 to 72 hour of incubation. The expression of its gene was 2 fold more than control the maximum expression was observed at 60 to 72 hours of incubation. ISn21 was extremely hydrophobic both in MMV and in LB medium.Conclusion: Using a naturally available resources would be better with efficiency at degrading diesel. Use of like microorganisms during bioremediation operation might supply worthy advances in this important biotechnological/ biological domain.
Prevalence of impaired vision and associated factors among primary school children in primary schools of Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Yemisrach , Hiko Desta , Shaweno Tamrat
Published: September 2019

Background Visual impairment refers to reduction of vision resulting in a lower than normal visual acuity. Globally, approximately 1.3 billion adults and children live with some form of vision impairment. Visual impairment is usually asymptomatic, overlooked and affects school performance and other functions. School programs are recommended for early detection and timely interventions. In resource limited countries like Ethiopia, undetected visual impairment, lack of adequate and up-to-date information on the problem remain as huge gaps. Thus, we assessed the prevalence of visual impairment (VI), and the associated factors among children attending government primary schools of Lideta sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods This study was a s chool based cross-sectional study conducted from April to May 2019, using a two staged-cluster sampling method in Lideta sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. From the total of 18 government primary schools in Lideta sub-city, 6 were selected using probability proportionate to size (PPS) method. The study population was primary school children aged 7 to 17 in the selected 6 primary schools. A total of 816 primary school children were included in the study. The selected children have undergone screening for the presence of visual impairment and other eye problems. Children’s parents/guardians were interviewed using structured pre-tested questionnaires. Epi-data3.1 and SPSS version 20 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression was performed to check association between dependent and independent variables. Significance was set at p-value <0.05.Results A total of 773 children were examined for visual impairment. Out of the 773 children, 370 (47.9%) were males and 403(52.1) were females with age range 7 to 17 years and the mean age being 11.69 (SD 2.64). The prevalence of impaired vision among school based children was 4.4%. The causes of visual impairment included: Myopia (43%), Astigmatism with or without Amblyopia (31%), Hyperopia with or without Amblyopia (20%) and others. The students not being aware of eye problem (AOR=2.2, 95%CI: 1.08-4.35) was only significantly associated factor with visual impairment.Conclusion Visual impairment is a public health concern, the causes are treatable. Regular school screening programs and affordable treatment should be available.
Flipped classroom improves results in pathophysiology learning: results of a non-randomised controlled study.
Authors: Herrero J. Ignacio , Quiroga Jorge
Published: September 2019

Background. The flipped classroom has become increasingly popular in health professions education. The aim of this study was to analyse its effect on learning in a pathophysiology course.
Methods. Flipped classroom was introduced to teach respiratory pathophysiology in 2018. We compared exam results with the results the previous year and with the exam results from blood pathophysiology from both years (taught by the same teacher, in a traditional way). Groups were compared with the Student’s T test. Students answered a survey after finishing the term.
Results. 201 students were examined in 2018 (and 229 in 2017). Gender distribution and the qualifications obtained in general pathology were comparable in both years. The results in respiratory pathophysiology were significantly better in 2018 than in 2017 (mean: 48 versus 42 out of 100; P=0.004), but the results in blood pathophysiology remained similar. The improvement was significant only in students that scored below the median (mean: 40 versus 33; P=0.009) and was more evident in male than in female students (mean: 52 versus 44; P=0.010) and in those who had the same age as (were not older than) the rest of their classmates (mean 51 versus 44; P=0.002). Most students considered that flipped classroom was more attractive and helped them to learn more and with less effort.
Conclusions. Flipped classroom increases medical students’ knowledge acquisitions in pathophysiology. It is more beneficial to male students and those with lower qualifications without academic delay.
Viability determination of Ascaris ova in raw wastewater: a comparative evaluation of culture-based, BacLight Live/Dead staining and PMA-qPCR methods
Authors: Ravindran Vivek B. , Shahsavari Esmaeil , Soni Sarvesh K. , Ball Andrew S.
Published: September 2019

Accurate evaluation of viable Ascaris ova in wastewater is the key to mitigating Ascaris reinfections in endemic regions. In this study, the viability of Ascaris ova in raw wastewater was determined using three different detection methods: culture-based, BacLight Live/Dead staining and propidium monoazide–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR). Furthermore, comparative assessment of viability utilising the aforementioned detection methods was performed using seeded experiments in wastewater. The percentage of viability was: culture-based (82%), BacLight Live/Dead staining (87%) and PMA-qPCR (85%) respectively. Despite the fact that no statistical difference was shown in the viability determination among the three methods, PMA-qPCR-based viability determination would be preferable over the other two methods for evaluating potential public health risks with A. suum ova due to its accuracy, being least subjective and its rapid reaction time.
The development of pediatric oncology-hematology in the Russian Federation: the experience of collaboration between the National Society of Pediatric Hematologists and Oncologists and the National Medical Research Center
Authors: Kirgizov K. I. , Kogan S. A. , Erdomaeva Ya. A. , Muftakhova G. M. , Shlyakhtina T. G. , Birlyukova D. V. , Serik G. I. , Novichkova G. A. , Varfolomeeva S. R. , Rumyantsev A. G.
Published: September 2019

The basis for constructing a vertically integrated management system in the healthcare sector in the Russian Federation is the model of functioning of national centers. One of the key components in achieving success is the interaction of the national center with a leading national society. The aim of the article is to present the experience of joint work of the National Society of Pediatric Hematologists and Oncologists (NSPHO) with the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology in the field of development of pediatric oncology-hematology in the Russian Federation. In order to accomplish the task of building a system for organizing medical care for children in pediatric oncology-hematology, a comprehensive development program was implemented, which included collecting data on the structure of the service through questionnaires in the regions, obtaining expert opinion and the subsequent creation of a service passport using data visualization. In addition, the experience of creating professional standards and the concept of a unified approach in the field of training in the specialties “Pediatric Oncology” and “Hematology” using the technology of continuing medical education are reflected. The result of the work was the formation of a single plan for the organization of the service of pediatric oncology-hematology, developed by the NSPHO in conjunction with the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology with the support of the National Medical House and under the leadership of the Ministry of Health of Russia.
Nomogram for the determination of primary-resistant forms of germ cell tumors in children
Authors: Kuleva S. A. , Faseeva N. D. , Ivanova S. V.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Stratification of patients with germ cell tumors is primary carried out depends on stage and previous operation, at the same time is not considered the tumor markers decline. The aim of the study was the nomogram creation for diagnostics of the prolonged alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) half-life (HL) in patients with germ cell tumors in order to identify of a patients cohort with chemoresistant malignancy and to find treatment modification with transition to the escalated and intensified modality therapy. Materials and methods. Seventy-two patients less than 18 years old with extracranial germ cell tumors were treated in N.N. Petron National Medical Research Centre of Oncology between 1996 and 2017, among them with increased AFP were 46 (63.9 %) children. AFP half-life periods were calculated. Results. AFP half-life varied from 3 to 138 days (the average value was 15.6 days). A cut-off point at 6 days was found. An unfavourable decline in AFP was predictive overall survival (OS). OS rates were 85.2 ± 7.9 % and 50.1 ± 12 % in patients with HL £ 6 days, and with > 6 days, respectively (p = 0.01873). Nomogram for diagnostics of the prolonged AFP HL in patients with childhood extracranial germ cell tumors was built. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of nomogram were 92.9 %, 63.6 % and 72.3 %, respectively. False negative result was in one case (2.1 %). Conclusions. Secondary stratification of patients has to be carried out after induction treatment with use of the principles of “response-based” of therapy. The nomogram allowing revealing the cohort of patients with prolongation of the period of AFP HL demanding early escalation and an intensification of medical programs helps with such cases for diagnostics of reduction in the rate of disintegration of AFP.
Research of adaptation mechanisms of regulation of microcirculatory beds in patients with hemophilia
Authors: Davydkin I. L. , Gergel Yu. A. , Kudlay D. A. , Kurtov I. V. , Danilova E. O. , Kuzmina T. P. , Naumova K. V.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Frequent bleeding with hemophilia significantly worsens the quality of life of patients. The pathogenesis of hemorrhage in hemophilia has not been studied enough, especially at the vascular level, so it is necessary to study microcirculation in this disease. The purpose of the study is to assess the mechanisms of regulation of blood tissue perfusion and the adaptive reserves of the microcirculation system in patients with hemophilia. Materials and methods. Total microcirculation was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry in 44 patients with hemophilia A between the ages of 14 and 20 years. Severe form of the disease was in 59 % of patients, the average – in 32 %, light – in 9 % of patients. The control group included 26 healthy men aged 14 to 19 years. The sensors recorded blood flow in the index fingers on both sides. In 20 patients with hemophilia А, an occlusion test was performed. The results of the study. In patients with hemophilia, asymmetric changes in microcirculation parameters were detected when measured in the area of the index fingers. At rest in patients with hemophilia, the prevalence of vasospasm was revealed: a decrease in the perfusion index M, an increased blood bypass due to the predominance of myogenic tone. However, neurogenic tone indicators tended to decrease. During occlusive ischemia, vasospasm is slowed down in the first seconds after the onset of exposure to the stress factor. Conclusion. The study revealed a dysregulation of the vascular tone of the microvasculature in young hemophilia patients at rest and under the influence of a stress factor in the form of short-term ischemia. Therefore, with hemophilia from a young age, control of microcirculation is necessary for the timely prevention of both bleeding and cardiovascular pathology associated with vasospasm.
Clinical case of hemolytic disease of the newborn with incompatibility of the blood of the mother and fetus in the “minor” erythrocyte antigen
Authors: Krivosheina E. L. , Mikhailova T. S.
Published: September 2019

Presented a clinical observation of hemolytic disease of the newborn as a result of fetus immunization with low-frequency erythrocyte antigen (Lutheran). The special aspect of the case is the presence of hyperleukocytosis with evident regenerative shift of neutrophils to the left to singular blastic variants, thrombocytopenia, high reticulocytosis (more than 1000 ‰) and a great number of nucleated red blood cells (normoblasts) in the newborn’s hemogram. In myelogram a sharp expansion of erythroid sprout (90 %) and signs of dizerythropoiesis were determinded. Typical clinical signs and isoserological incompatibility of mother and fetus in erythrocyte antigen provided basis for early diagnostics and adequate treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn.