bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluoroscopic Sacroiliac Joint Injection: Is
Oblique Angulation Really Necessary?
Authors: Khuba Sandeep
Published: February 2021

Background: The conventional technique for sacroiliac (SI) joint injection involves aligning the
anterior and posterior aspects of the SI joint under fluoroscopic guidance and then entering the SI
joint in the most caudal aspect.
Objective: We wish to highlight that there is no added advantage to aligning both the anterior
and posterior joint lines of the SI joint as it is time consuming, associated with additional radiation
exposure, and may make the entry into the posterior SI joint technically more difficult.
Study Design: Observational study.
Setting: Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology.
Methods: With the patient lying prone on fluoroscopy table, SI joint injection is performed with a
22 G, 10 cm spinal needle in a true anteroposterior (AP) view, where anterior and posterior SI joint
spaces are seen as separate entities, where the medial joint space represents the posterior SI joint
and the lateral joint space represents the anterior SI joint. The distal 1 cm of the medial joint space
is entered under AP view. If the SI joint is seen as a straight line rather than 2 joint spaces in the
AP view then the image intensifier of the fluoroscope was tilted cranially to elongate the image of
the lower part of the posterior SI joint, thus facilitating entry into this part of the joint which was
confirmed by administering 0.3 to 0.5 mL of radiopaque contrast medium.
Result: Sixty SI joints of 58 patients were injected under an AP fluoroscopic view. Forty-two (70%)
SI joints were seen as 2 separate medial and lateral joint spaces and were entered in distal 1 cm of
the medial joint space. In 18 (30%) joints seen as a straight line rather than 2 separate spaces, the
image intensifier of the fluoroscope was tilted cranially to elongate the image of the lower part of
the posterior SI joint and then the SI joint was entered in its distal 1 cm. Confirmation of entry into
the SI joint was confirmed by with 0.3 to 0.5 mL of radiopaque contrast medium. In 4 cases the
joints did not show the correct radiopaque contrast spread (3/42 and 1/18) although the needle
seemed to be in the joint space.
Limitations: Small sample size.
Conclusion: Aligning the anterior and posterior aspects of SI joint for fluoroscopic guided SI joint
injection is not necessary for the success of the block.
Key words: Sacroiliac joint, injection, anteroposterior view, oblique angulation, fluoroscopic
technique
Pulsed Compared to Thermal Radiofrequency
to the Medial Calcaneal Nerve for Management
of Chronic Refractory Plantar Fasciitis: A
Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: el-Hammady Dina H.
Published: February 2021

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) treatment is a minimally invasive procedure that has
been used for more than 3 decades in treating various chronic pain syndromes. Conventional
(continuous) RF treatment occasionally results in worsening or even initiating a new type of
pain. The use of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), which has a non- or minimally neurodestructive
neuromodulatory effect, serves as an alternative to conventional RF therapy in many medical
situations.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of applying PRF for 6 minutes vs. thermal radiofrequency
(TRF) for 90 seconds to the medial calcaneal nerve for treatment of chronic refractory plantar
fasciitis pain.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Setting: Pain, Orthopedic, and Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Clinics of Assiut University
Hospital.
Methods: Twenty patients with refractory chronic bilateral plantar fasciitis received PRF to
the medial calcaneal nerve for 6 minutes for one heel and TRF to the same nerve on the other
heel (as their own control) for 90 seconds. Numerical verbal rating scale (NVRS) at waking up
from bed and after prolonged walking, and satisfaction score were used for assessment of
studied patients at one, 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks from the intervention.
Results: All studied patients showed significant improvement in their pain scale after the
intervention that lasted for 24 weeks; however, the PRF heels had significantly better pain
scale and satisfaction scores at the first and third weeks assessments when compared to the
TRF heels. Effective analgesia was achieved after one week or less after PRF compared to 3
weeks for the TRF (P < 0.001).
Limitations: No randomization.
Conclusions: PRF to the medial calcaneal nerve is a safe and effective method for treatment
of chronic plantar fasciitis pain. The onset of effective analgesia can be achieved more rapidly
with PRF compared to TRF on the same nerve. Further randomized trials are needed to confirm
the therapeutic effect and optimizing the dose of RF needed.
Key words: Pulsed radiofrequency, thermal radiofrequency, medial calcaneal nerve, plantar
fasciitis, plantar aponeurosis, visual analogue scale
A New Look on Adding Dexamethasone as an
Adjuvant to Caudal Bupivacaine; Efficacy on
Postoperative Pain and Vomiting in Pediatric
Patients
Authors: Abd-Elshafy Dr. Sayed Kaoud
Published: February 2021

Background: Controlling postoperative pain and vomiting in children remains a great challenge.
Objective: Study the efficacy of adding dexamethasone to caudal bupivacaine on postoperative
analgesia and vomiting.
Study Design: Prospective, randomized double blind controlled clinical trial.
Setting: Assiut University Hospital.
Patients: Ninety children ASA I-II, undergoing lower orthopedic surgeries.
Methods: Patients were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups. All received caudal block after
induction of anesthesia with 0.5 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine in addition to 5 mL intravenous (IV)
normal saline in the control group, IV 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone in IV dexamethasone group and
lastly 0.1 mg/kg dexamethasone in the caudal dexamethasone group. Postoperative pain scores
and rescue analgesic consumption were recorded. Blood glucose, postoperative vomiting, and
other side effects were evaluated up to 24 hours after extubation.
Results: The time of first analgesia and the number of patients requiring rescue analgesics were
significantly decreased with intravenous or caudal dexamethasone. No significant increase in
postoperative blood glucose levels were observed. A significant increase in β- Endorphin level at 3
and 24 hours postoperative was found in both dexamethasone groups when compared with the
preoperative baseline value. The incidence of postoperative vomiting was significantly decreased
in both dexamethasone groups in comparison with the control group. No other side effects were
detected.
Limitations: Measurement of serum cortisol.
Conclusion: Analgesic and antiemetic effects of dexamethasone as an adjunct to caudal block
with bupivacaine (0.25%) 0.5 mL/kg is similar whether administered intravenously 0.5 mg/kg or
caudally 0.1 mg/kg.
Key words: B-Endorphin, bupivacaine, caudal, dexamethasone, pediatric, postoperative
analgesia, vomiting
Short-Term Therapeutic Efficacy of the Isobar
TTL Dynamic Internal Fixation System for
the Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Disc
Diseases
Authors: Zou Jun
Published: February 2021

Background: At present, posterior interbody fusion surgery with pedicle internal fixation is the gold
standard for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc diseases. However, an increasing number
of studies have shown that because fused lumbar vertebrae lose their physiological activity, the
compensatory range of motion (ROM) of the adjacent levels increases. To address this issue, dynamic
internal fixation systems have been developed.
Objective: Our goal was to investigate the short-term therapeutic efficacy of the Isobar TTL dynamic
internal fixation system for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc diseases and its effect on the
ROM of the surgical segments.
Study Design: Retrospective Evaluation.
Setting: Tertiary hospital setting in China.
Methods: Twenty-four lumbar degenerative disc disease patients who underwent posterior lumbar
decompression and single-segment Isobar TTL dynamic internal fixation at our hospital between
January 2013 and July 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.
The preoperative and one month, 3 month, and 12 month postoperative visual analog scale (VAS)
pain scores, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores
were observed and recorded to assess the clinical therapeutic effect; the lumbar ROM was measured
preoperatively and at the last follow-up to evaluate the preservation of functional movement in the
dynamically stabilized segment.
Results: All patients underwent the operation successfully without complications during
hospitalization and were followed for 12 to 27 months, with an average of 18 months. The patients’
preoperative and one month, 3 month, and 12 month postoperative VAS scores were 6.42 ± 0.72,
1.71 ± 0.86, 1.38 ± 0.65, and 1.37 ± 0.58, respectively, and their JOA scores were 9.54 ± 1.89, 21.21
± 1.98, 22.50 ± 1.47, and 23.46 ± 1.32, respectively. The preoperative ODI score was 42.04 ± 2.63;
the one month, 3 month, and 12 month postoperative ODI scores were 22.79 ± 1.61, 18.63 ± 1.61,
and 15.08 ± 1.21, respectively. These results suggest that the VAS score at each postoperative time
point was significantly lower than the preoperative score and that function was significantly improved
postoperatively compared with preoperative function; all of the differences had statistical significance
(P < 0.05). The patients’ preoperative lumbar ROM and the ROM at 12 months post operation were
3.46 ± 1.02 and 2.25 ± 0.79, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.11).
Limitations: The follow-up time is not long enough.
Conclusions: The treatment of lumbar degenerative disc diseases with the Isobar TTL dynamic
internal fixation system can effectively relieve pain, improve quality of life, and preserve the lumbar
ROM of the stabilized segment with a satisfactory clinical therapeutic effect.
Key words: Lumbar degenerative disc diseases, dynamic internal fixation system, Isobar TTL, range
of motion
Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Femoris Muscle
Injection in Patients with Lower Buttock Pain:
Novel Ultrasound-Guided Approach and Clinical
Effectiveness
Authors: Yoon Kyung Bong
Published: February 2021

Background: The quadratus femoris (QF) muscle is a possible source of lower buttock pain as
evidenced by what is known about the pathophysiology of ischiofemoral impingement syndrome.
However, there are few reports about the interventional management of the QF muscle as a pain
generator.
Objective: To describe an ultrasound-guided QF muscle injection technique in patients with
lower buttock pain suspected of QF muscle pathology and to report the result of treatment.
Study Design: Retrospective evaluation.
Setting: Outpatient department for interventional pain management at a university hospital.
Methods: We studied 14 patients who had deep tenderness localized to the lower buttock
region at a point halfway between the lateral prominence of the greater trochanter and the ischial
tuberosity corresponding to the location of the QF muscle belly. Under ultrasound guidance, 8 mL
of 0.25% lidocaine was injected into the QF muscle. Pain scores were assessed prior to the first
injection and 2 weeks after the last injection. Patient satisfaction was also assessed.
Results: When compared before and 2 weeks after last QF muscle injection, the mean pain
score decreased by 49.3% (6.7 ± 2.3 to 3.4 ± 2.1, P < 0.001). Two weeks after the last injection,
approximately 70% of patients (10 of 14 patients) expressed their satisfaction as excellent or good
and the average frequency of injection was 2.5 times. There were no complications observed.
Limitations: The results of this study should be considered preliminary owing to the small
sample size and lack of a control group, and the retrospective characteristics of this study may
have introduced a selection bias.
Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided QF muscle injection with local anesthetic helps alleviate pain in
patients with lower buttock pain attributed to the QF muscle, and leads to high levels of satisfaction
for patients. A randomized placebo-controlled trial should be considered in the future.
Key words: Buttocks, injections, intramuscular, myofascial pain syndromes, quadratus femoris,
ultrasonography
Effect of Adding Calcitonin to Translaminar
Epidural Steroid in Degenerative Lumbar Spinal
Canal Stenosis
Authors: Amr Yasser M.
Published: February 2021

Background: Spinal canal stenosis is one of the most common causes of low back pain and
disability. Its management varies from surgical to conservative, and the indications for ideal
management are not clearly defined.
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding calcitonin to local
anesthetic and corticosteroid in epidural injection for patients suffering from degenerative lumbar
spinal canal stenosis.
Study Design: Randomized double-blind clinical trial.
Setting: Hospital outpatient setting.
Methods: One hundred thirty-two patients with degenerative spinal canal stenosis were
randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group I received C-arm guided epidural injection of local
anesthetic and corticosteroid and Group II received 50 international unit calcitonin added to
the mixture of local anesthetic and corticosteroid. Both groups received 2 sets of injections, one
week apart. Visual analogue scale for pain during movement and walking distance until incidence
of neurogenic claudication have been used for pain assessment, and Oswestry Low Back Pain
Disability Questionnaire and analgesic consumption were evaluated for one year.
Results: Both groups showed comparable benefits regarding improvement in pain intensity,
walking distance, Oswestry scale, and analgesic consumption during the first month follow-up
period. These beneficial effects continued in calcitonin group for one year.
Limitations: The present study patients would be graded as having mild or at worst moderate
stenosis. So, the present study did not examine the efficacy of epidural calcitonin in severe spinal
canal stenosis and did not stratify the results according to degree of stenosis which would also
have been useful in determining the validity of calcitonin in different degrees of stenosis.
Conclusion: Adding calcitonin to epidural steroid and local anesthetic injection seems to be
more effective than epidural steroid and local anesthesia alone in management of spinal canal
stenosis regarding increased walking distance, better Oswestry scale, diminished pain intensity
and perception of paresthesia, and less analgesic consumption, all the above mentioned benefits
continued up to one year. So, epidural calcitonin may be considered as a new therapeutic modality
in the management of pain in spinal canal stenosis.
Key words: Calcitonin, epidural steroid, lumbar, spinal canal stenosis
A Typology of Predictive Risk Factors for NonAdherent Medication-Related Behaviors among
Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Patients Prescribed
Opioids: A Cohort Study
Authors: Peacock Amy
Published: February 2021

Background: There has been no previous prospective examination of the homogeneity of
chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) patients in risk factors for non-adherent opioid use.
Objectives: To identify whether latent risk classes exist among people with CNCP that
predict non-adherence with prescribed opioids.
Study Design: Prospective cohort study.
Methods: The Pain and Opioids IN Treatment prospective cohort comprises 1,514 people
in Australia prescribed pharmaceutical opioids for CNCP interviewed 3 months apart. Risk
factors were assessed in wave 1, and non-adherent behaviors in the 3 months prior to wave
1 and wave 2. Latent class analysis was used to examine groups with differing risk profiles.
Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of non-adherence.
Results: A 4-class model was selected with classes described as: 1) Poor Physical Functioning
group (27%); 2) Poor Coping/Physical Functioning group (35%); 3) Substance Use Problems
group (14%); and 4) Multiple Comorbid Problems group (25%). The latter 2 groups had
an increased risk of requesting increased opioid doses, early script renewals, using diverted
medication, dose stock-piling, and unsanctioned dose alteration at wave 2.
Limitations: Risk factor onset prior to non-adherent behavior cannot be determined.
Conclusions: Clusters of CNCP patients with distinct risk profiles for non-adherence exist.
Each group was identified by at least one risk factor but the likelihood of non-adherent opioid
use was higher in groups with particular clusters of multiple risk factors. Not all those with risk
factors display non-adherence, emphasising the need for strategies to reduce risk for those
patients displaying particular clusters of risks.
Key words: Pain, pharmaceutical opioids, non-adherence, injecting drug use, opioid
dependence, chronic non-cancer pain, non-adherence, diversion
Pudendal Neuralgia Due to Pudendal Nerve
Entrapment: Warning Signs Observed in Two
Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ploteau Stéphane
Published: February 2021

Pudendal neuralgia is a chronic neuropathic pelvic pain that is often misdiagnosed and
inappropriately treated. The Nantes criteria provide a basis for the diagnosis of pudendal
neuralgia due to pudendal nerve entrapment. The 5 essential diagnostic criteria are pain
situated in the anatomical territory of the pudendal nerve, worsened by sitting, the patient
is not woken at night by the pain, and no objective sensory loss is detected on clinical
examination. The fifth criterion is a positive pudendal nerve block. We have also clarified
a number of complementary diagnostic criteria and several exclusion criteria that make
the diagnosis unlikely. When pudendal neuralgia due to pudendal nerve entrapment
is diagnosed according to the Nantes criteria, no further investigation is required and
medical or surgical treatment can be proposed. Nevertheless, a number of warning signs
suggesting other possible causes of pudendal neuralgia must not be overlooked. These
warning signs (red flags) are waking up at night, excessively neuropathic nature of the
pain (for example, associated with hypoesthesia), specifically pinpointed pain, which
can suggest neuroma and pain associated with neurological deficit. In these atypical
presentations, the diagnosis of pain due to pudendal nerve entrapment should be
reconsidered and a radiological examination should be performed. The 2 cases described
in this report (tumor compression of the pudendal nerve) illustrate the need to recognize
atypical pudendal neuralgia and clarify the role of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), as MRI provides very valuable information for the evaluation of diseases involving
the ischiorectal fossa. The presence of red flags must be investigated in all cases of
pudendal neuralgia to avoid missing pudendal neuralgia secondary to a mechanism other
than nerve entrapment.
Key words: Pudendal nerve, pudendal neuralgia, Nantes criteria, pelvic pain, pudendal
canal, perineal pain
Percutaneous Sacroplasty under Fluoroscopic
Guidance Combined with Epidurogram for
Sacral Insufficiency Fracture Resulting from
Metastatic Tumor and Osteoporosis
Authors: Park Hahck Soo
Published: February 2021

Sacral insufficiency fracture resulting from a metastatic tumor or an osteoporotic
fracture causes severe low back pain and radiating pain mass effect on neural
foramen and chemical irritants. Percutaneous sacroplasty is one of the effective
treatment modalities for sacral insufficiency fracture and its pain. Because of the
structural complexity of the sacrum, obtaining an epidurogram of the S1 and S2
nerve roots before the start of the procedure can be helpful to avoid nerve injury. We
present 2 successful cases of percutaneous sacroplasty performed under fluoroscopic
guidance. A 65-year-old man with sacral metastasis from stomach cancer and a
52-year-old man with sacral insufficiency fracture were suffering from severe buttock
pain and radiating pain. After epidurography of the S1 and S2 nerve roots with
steroid and contrast dye, percutaneous sacroplasty with fluoroscopy on the S1 or S2
body and alae was performed on both patients. There was no cement leakage or any
other major complications. Both patients experienced significant reduction in pain.
Key words: Fluoroscopy-guided, sacral cementoplasty, sacral insufficiency
fractures, sacral metastasis
The Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain:
Bio (Regenerative) Pain Treatment through
Lipofilling. A Short Communication Case Series
Authors: Gast Haico de
Published: February 2021

The following case series describes the treatment of neuropathic pain in post-surgical
scars, using adipocytes and adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells (ASCs).
Two cases are described in which patients underwent lipofilling to treat painful scars
after cosmetic surgery. The primary indication for lipofilling was pain reduction and not
improved cosmesis.
Numeric rating scale (NRS) values were reported before the intervention and at
regular intervals after the lipofilling. We found a notable long-lasting reduction in the
NRS values after the “modified” lipofilling treatment. The results are promising and
reinforce earlier data on the positive effect of lipofilling and pain in scars.
Key words: Neuropathic pain, regenerative pain, lipofilling
Thoracic Nerve Root Entrapment by Intrathecal
Catheter Coiling: Case Report and Review of
the Literature
Authors: Han Jing L.
Published: February 2021

Background: Intrathecal catheter placement has long-term therapeutic benefits in the
management of chronic, intractable pain. Despite the diverse clinical applicability and rising
prevalence of implantable drug delivery systems in pain medicine, the spectrum of complications
associated with intrathecal catheterization remains largely understudied and underreported in
the literature.
Objective: To report a case of thoracic nerve root entrapment resulting from intrathecal
catheter migration.
Study Design: Case report.
Setting: Inpatient hospital service.
Results/Case Report: A 60-year-old man status post implanted intrathecal (IT) catheter for
intractable low back pain secondary to failed back surgery syndrome returned to the operating
room for removal of IT pump trial catheter after experiencing relapse of preoperative pain
and pump occlusion. Initial attempt at ambulatory removal of the catheter was aborted after
the patient reported acute onset of lower extremity radiculopathic pain during the extraction.
Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) subsequently revealed that the catheter had ascended
and coiled around the T10 nerve root. The patient was taken back to the operating room for
removal of the catheter under fluoroscopic guidance, with possible laminectomy for direct
visualization. Removal was ultimately achieved with slow continuous tension, with complete
resolution of the patient’s new radicular symptoms.
Limitations: This report describes a single case report.
Conclusion: This case demonstrates that any existing loops in the intrathecal catheter during
initial implantation should be immediately re-addressed, as they can precipitate nerve root
entrapment and irritation. Reduction of the loop or extrication of the catheter should be
attempted under continuous fluoroscopic guidance to prevent further neurosurgical morbidity.
Key words: Implantable drug delivery system, intrathecal, catheter migration, postoperative
complications, looping, fluoroscopy
Comparison of Intrathecal Concentrations of
Acyclovir following Epidural and Intravenous
Administration in Rats
Authors: Choi Sang Sik
Published: February 2021

Background: Herpes zoster is a disease caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus in sensory
cranial nerves and dorsal root ganglion. Our presumption was that epidural administration of
acyclovir near the viral burden could be more advantageous than intravenous (IV) administration.
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of acyclovir after epidural administration was
determined to be higher than that after IV administration in rats.
Objective: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the concentration of acyclovir in CSF after
epidural administration is higher than that achieved after IV administration in rats.
Study Design: A randomized controlled animal trial.
Methods: A total of 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were randomly
divided into 2 equal groups, epidural (Group Epi) and IV (Group IV) administration groups (n =
15). Group Epi was further subdivided into 3 groups according to acyclovir dosage; each group
comprised 5 animals receiving injections at dosages of 0.3 mg, 0.6 mg, and 0.9 mg. Group IV was
also subdivided into 3 groups receiving dosages of 3 mg, 6 mg, and 9 mg. We measured CSF and
plasma acyclovir concentrations one hour after administration.
Results: In Group Epi, the median plasma concentrations of acyclovir were lower than that in CSF
(P < 0.05). In Group IV, the median plasma concentrations of acyclovir were significantly higher
than that in CSF (P < 0.05). The CSF concentrations of acyclovir in Group Epi were significantly
higher than that in Group IV (P < 0.05). The plasma concentrations of acyclovir in Group Epi were
significantly lower than that in Group IV (P < 0.05).
Limitations: There were no references of equivalent dosages of acyclovir between IV and
epidural administration. However, it is obvious in this study that epidural administration of a low
dose of acyclovir can more effectively increase its concentration in the intrathecal space than IV
administration.
Conclusions: Epidural administration of acyclovir provides superior drug concentrations in the
intrathecal space compared to IV administration.
Key words: Acyclovir, epidural injection, herpes zoster, varicella zoster virus
Pain Relief in CRPS-II after Spinal Cord and
Motor Cortex Simultaneous Dual Stimulation
Authors: Fonoff Erich T.
Published: February 2021

We describe a case of a 30-year-old woman who suffered a traumatic injury of the right
brachial plexus, developing severe complex regional pain syndrome type II (CRPS-II). After
clinical treatment failure, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) was indicated with initial positive pain
control. However, after 2 years her pain progressively returned to almost baseline intensity
before SCS. Additional motor cortex electrode implant was then proposed as a rescue therapy
and connected to the same pulse generator. This method allowed simultaneous stimulation
of the motor cortex and SCS in cycling mode with independent stimulation parameters in
each site. At 2 years follow-up, the patient reported sustained improvement in pain with dual
stimulation, reduction of painful crises, and improvement in quality of life. The encouraging
results in this case suggests that this can be an option as add-on therapy over SCS as a
possible rescue therapy in the management of CRPS-II. However, comparative studies must
be performed in order to determine the effectiveness of this therapy.
Key words: Chronic neuropathic pain, Complex regional pain syndrome Type II, brachial
plexus injury, motor cortex stimulation, spinal cord stimulation
Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
for Far-Migrated Disc Herniation through Two
Working Channels
Authors: Gu Xin
Published: February 2021

The technique of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discetomy (PELD) in the
transforaminal approach has evolved over the years due to the advances in endoscopic
photology and instrumentation and become the most popular technique for lumbar
disc herniation. Although PELD offers many advantages, the indications of PELD are
limited mostly to non-migrated or low-migrated disc herniation. It is very difficult for
PELD in the transforaminal approach to remove the highly migrated disc fragment
successfully due to the anatomic barrier. Nowadays, with the advances of instruments
and technique, it might be possible for PELD in the transforaminal approach to remove
these high-grade migrated disc fragments. The purpose of this study was to describe
a technique to effectively treat highly migrated disc herniation via 2 working channels.
Key words: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, far-migrated disc
herniation, working channels
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty versus
Conservative Treatment for One Level
Thoracolumbar Osteoporotic Compression
Fracture: Results of an Over 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Jeong Je Hoon
Published: February 2021

We retrospectively compared the clinical and radiological results of percutaneous vertebroplasty
with those of conservative treatment in the management of thoracolumbar osteoporotic
compression fractures.
Sixty-five patients who could be followed up for more than 2 years with thoracic and lumbar
spine osteoporotic compression fractures, between January 2005 and October 2010, were
reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of management:
group 1, non-operated group treated conservatively; group 2, operated group that underwent
percutaneous vertebroplasty. We assessed the clinical and radiological changes at postoperative
and follow-up periods in both groups.
The male-to-female ratio and mean age of the patients were 11:54 and 73.04 years (range,
50 – 90 years), respectively. The location and number of treated vertebrae were as follows: T4
= 1, T6 = 1, T7 = 3, T8 = 1, T9 = 2, T10 = 1, T11 = 8, T12 = 11, L1 = 17, L2 = 10, L3 = 6, L4
= 3, and L5 = 1. The mean T-score was -3.37. The overall VAS score and the VAS score until 6
months post-injury were statistically more improved in group 2 than in group 1 (P < 0.05 and P
< 0.005, respectively). Overall, the compression ratio was statistically more improved in group
2 than in group 1 (P < 0.05).
Early pain control and restoration of the compressed vertebral body are the beneficial and
real effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic
compression fractures.
Key words: Osteoporosis, compression fracture, vertebroplasty, osteoplasty, comparative
study, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
EFFECT OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ON SELECTED CORPOREAL
VARIABLES AMONG BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Chotemiya Mohmmad , Itoo Javead Ahmed , Vairavasundaram C.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study was to nd out the effect of resistance training on selected corporeal variables among Basketball
players. For the present study 30 Basketball players from Alagappa University College of Physical Education, Alagappa
University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India were selected at random and their age ranged from 18 to 22 years. The subjects were divided into two
equal groups of fteen each. Group-I acted as experimental group (Resistance training group) and Group-II acted as control group. The
requirement of the experiment procedure testing as well as training schedule was explained to the subjects so as to get full co-operation of the
effort required on their part and before the administration of the study. The study was formulated as a post test only random group design. The
duration of the experimental training was eight weeks. After the experimental treatment, all the subjects were tested on corporeal variables
namely leg explosive power, cardio vascular endurance and muscular strength. This nal test scores formed as post test scores of the subjects. The
post test scores were subjected to statistical analysis using “t” ratio test. In all case 0.05 level of condence was xed to test hypotheses. The
resistance training has been established as an effective means to improve explosive power, cardio vascular endurance and muscular strength
among Basketball players after undergoing resistance training for eight weeks.
Rational Approximations for Irrational Functions using Collocating Continued Fraction Expansions
Authors: olivier philip
Published: February 2021

This paper is motivated by the need in certain engineering contexts to
construct approximations for irrational functions in the complex variable
z. The main mathematical tool that will be used is a special continued
fraction expansion that cause the rational approximant to collocate the
irrational function at specific important values of z. This paper introduces
two theorems that facilitate the construction of the rational approxima-
tion.
Dynamics of aqueous “liquid marbles” in three dimensional biphasic systems
Authors: Kushagra Arindam , Dasgupta Uddipan
Published: February 2021

This work sheds light on the dynamics of aqueous droplets in hydrophobic environment as well as their distant interactions, reasoned by well-studied Cheerios effect.
Consistency and Asymptotic Normality of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator in GaGLM
Authors: Wang Benchao , Gu Hong , Qin Pan
Published: February 2021

This paper theoretically investigates the asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimates of GaGLM, and discusses some properties about Gamma distribution. It can provide theoretical foundation for expanding the application scope of gamma distribution based regression model, and benefit the further interval estimates, hypothesis tests and stochastic control design.The existence of the Gamma function in Gamma distribution makes correlation analysis certain specificity, and few researchers do relevant theoretical research. To complement this part, we established the asymptotic properties and the application condition of maximum likelihood estimates of GaGLM. In addition to this, we also discussed the propertis of the Fisher information matrix ,and n-order moment of Z and log(Z).
A Cluster of FPAAs to Recognize Images using Neural Networks
Authors: García Moreno Daniel , Del Barrio Alberto A , Botella Guillermo , Hasler Jennifer
Published: February 2021

Analog computing has been recovering its relevance in the recent years. FPAAs are the equivalent to FPGAs but in the analog domain. The main drawback of FPAAs is their reduced integration capacity. In order to increase the amount of analog resources, in this paper a cluster of 40 FPAAs is proposed. As a use case, a 19-8-6-4 feedforward Neural Network has been implemented on such cluster. With the help of a DCT-based software framework, this NN is able to classify 28x28 MNIST images. Results show that the analog network is able to obtain almost the same results as the software baseline network.
Dalla guerra alla pace. L’Arazzo di Bayeux e la conquista normanna dell’Inghilterra (secolo XI)
Authors: Provero Luigi
Published: February 2021

The Bayeux Tapestry (or rather, embroidery) is one of the most famous medieval artworks, which narrates in images the conquest of England by the Normans led by Duke William the Conqueror. Images taken from the embroidery are reproduced on thousands of objects evoking the Middle Ages, and at the same time the work has been the subject of hundreds of studies in many European countries, by historians, art historians and narrative scholars. In all of this, some questions and some answers are lacking, in particular with regard to the political culture expressed in the work: there is no doubt that the embroidery is a narrative of the exploits of William the Conqueror, an attempt to reconcile the English and Normans and in part an exaltation of the role of Odo, bishop of Bayeux; but it is also the expression of a series of political ideals and models of order, a reading and an evaluation of the system of contemporary power, organized around the kingdom and based on the primacy of the aristocracy and the value of personal ties. The volume aims to follow this line of research, showing how the embroidery, from many points of view (the political ceremonial, the role of the king, the aristocratic bonds of fidelity), reflects a social imaginary and a series of clearly recognizable political ideals.
Pruebas serológicas para COVID-19 ¿realmente ayudan? A propósito de dos casos
Authors: Rodríguez-Chávez Luis Ángel , Vargas-Machuca Carranza Christian Alberto
Published: February 2021

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha golpeado fuertemente a nuestro país. Actualmente, vemos como se han popularizado las pruebas serológicas y estas vienen siendo usadas no solo para el tamizaje en atención temprana sino también en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. La máxima preocupación que se tiene es si en realidad estas pruebas podrían ser de utilidad en la detección del paciente infectado en su periodo de contagio ya que ello tiene un especial interés para la salud pública. Al respecto, se presentan dos casos, de los muchos que existen en la actualidad, y se discute sobre el tema.
Melanoma metastásico
Authors: Cumpa-Quiroz Robert , Elguera-Falcón Federico , Vargas-Alayza Cesar , Correa-Dávila Mishell Cindy
Published: February 2021

Paciente varón de 69 años con una lesión hiperpigmentada en la planta del pie derecho, náuseas y vómitos, pérdida de peso, adenomegalias en las regiones inguinales y cervicales y proptosis del ojo derecho. Las imágenes revelaron metástasis en ganglios torácicos, cerebro y la región orbitaria derecha. El estudio histopatológico de la lesión del pie y de la mucosa duodenal de confirmó la presencia de melanoma.
Timoma asociado a lupus eritematoso sistémico: reporte de un caso
Authors: Arribasplata-Purizaca Kattia , Ortiz-Saavedra Pedro , Valencia-Caballero Víctor , Chian-García Cesar
Published: February 2021

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 30 años con antecedente de lupus eritematoso sistémico, con sensación de alza térmica, sudoración nocturna, disnea leve, epigastralgia y baja de peso. La tomografía reveló una masa mediastinal, hepatoesplenomegalia y ganglios retroperitoneales. La anatomía patológica e inmunohistoquímica fue compatible con un timoma B1. El timoma, aunque poco frecuente, es una de las neoplasias a considerar cuando nos enfrentamos a un paciente con LES y una tumoración mediastinal.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Melalui Video Terhadap Self-Care Management pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2
Authors: Suardani Ni Nyoman , Putra Wira Kusuma , Krisna I.G. Agus Prasetya
Published: February 2021

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kronik yang membutuhkan perawatan jangka panjang. Perawatan diri merupakan salah satu usaha pencegahan komplikasi dan menurunkan angka kematian pada diabetes mellitus. Self care management pada penderita diabetes melitus dapat ditingkatkan dengan memberikan pendidikan kesehatan, salah satunya melalui video. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui adanya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan melalui video terhadap self care management pada diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Poliklinik Interna RSD Mangusada Badung. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pre eksperimental dengan desain one group pre-test and post-test. Jumlah sampel 37 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner summary of diabetes self-care activities. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji wilxocon. Hasil penelitian sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan sebagian besar self care management cukup sebanyak 24 responden (64.9%) terjadi peningkatan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan sebagian besar self care management baik sebanyak 26 responden (70,3%). Analisis pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan melalui video terhadap self care management pada diabetes melitus tipe 2 didapatkan nilai p<0,001. Terdapat pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan melalui video terhadap self care management pada diabetes melitus tipe 2. Rekomendasi penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi masukan bagi perawat agar selalu memberikan pendidikan kesehatan kepada penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 sehingga meningkatkan self care management pada diabetes
Hubungan Kepadatan Nerita undata dengan Tipologi Mangrove di Resort Kucur Taman Nasional Alas Purwo Banyuwangi
Authors: Arif Rafi Sujatmiko , Rosyid Ridho , Ardiansyah Fuad
Published: February 2021

Gastropoda Nerita undata merupakan salah satu spesies yang memiliki ingsang dan operculum dari famili neritidea, gastropoda ini merupakan gastropoda umum yang ditemukan di vegetasi hutan mangrove Resort Kucur Taman Nasional Alas Purwo, gastropoda ini hidup berkelompok dengan membebentuk koloni sebagai komunitas yang mendiami hutan mangrove dengan populasi yang beragam dan berada dalam jumlah besaran dan kondisi yang berbeda pula. Mangrove dapat mengakumulasikan material organik yang terbawa oleh aliran air, sehingga terjadi adanya sedimentasi yang kemudian oleh gastropoda untuk tempat mencari makan, dan habitat tempat tinggal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk: (1) Untuk mengetahui kepadatan Nerita undata pada hutan mangrove Resort Kucur Taman Nasional Alas Purwo; (2)Untuk mengetahui indeks nilai penting hutan mangrove di Resort Kucur Taman Nasional Alas Purwo; (3)Untuk mengetahui keterkaitan kerapatan mangrove dengan kepadatan Nerita undata pada hutan mangrove Resort Kucur Taman Nasional Alas Purwo.Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data vegetasi mangrove yaitu dengan metode transek plot, pada tiap transek masing-masing dibuat plot dengan ukuran 20m×20m untuk pohon, kemudian didalam plot tersebut dibuat plot yag lebih kecil berukuran 10m×10m untuk tregakan pancang, dan didalam plot ini dibuat lagi plot berukuran 5m×5m untuk ukuran tiang. Hubungan kepadatan Nerita undata di vegetasi hutan mangrove resort kucur taman nasional alas purwo menununjukan bahwa hubungan antara kerapatan vegetasi mangrove dengan kepadatan Nerita undata menunjukan dengan nilai R2 =1. Hal ini menujnukan bahwa kenaikan kerapatan jenis mangrove diikuti oleh tingginya kepadatan Nerita undata sehingga kerapatan vegetasi mangrove seperti jenis mangrove Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata juga berpengaruh terhadap keberadaanya.
Future Perspective for Radiation Dose Reduction techniques in Computed Tomography - A Study
Authors: Balasubramaniam Vivekanadam
Published: February 2021

The Computed Tomography (CT) image quality is determining by appropriate radiation dose in CT examination. Increases of the radiation dose become dangerous for our health such as induces of cancer, skin injuries, heritable mutations, reddening, burn the skins, etc. Therefore, the dose management study in the CT scanning procedure is one of the most important factors. This research article focuses on the use of the dose effectively in pediatric CT and cardiac CT scan procedures. Besides, the paper comprises dose hunt-down, auditing the scanner utilization, patient safety for the hospital association. This research article discusses radiation dose reduction techniques for effective dose in the view of future perspective in CT scan. This research article suggesting an appropriate technique to reduce the dose effectively in CT images during scanning. The effective dose test was conducted after reviews and ideas from future perspective designs.
UMA REVISÃO SOBRE A EFETIVIDADE DA DANÇA NA MELHORA DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PESSOAS COM DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER
Authors: Santos Jorge Felipe do Lago Pereira dos , Pedroso Bruno
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar um estudo bibliográfico acerca das publicações, presentes em bases de dados de excelência, que associam o uso da dança para fins de melhoria da qualidade de vida de pessoas com a Doença de Alzheimer na contemporaneidade. Métodos: No mês de novembro de 2016, for realizada a busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Scopus por meio dos termos “Alzheimer” e “Dança” – e correspondentes nos idiomas inglês e espanhol – unidos pelo operador booleano “AND”, sem delimitação de período de publicação ou idioma. Resultados: Foram retornados 43 resultados, que após triagem, remanesceu 12 artigos de interesse para o tema. Os estudos encontrados avaliaram os efeitos da dança na qualidade de vida e aspectos funcionais e cognitivos dos indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer, apresentando resultados positivos, tendo se constatado que a dança reúne três elementos importantes que a tornam um possível meio de prevenção e tratamento da doença: a atividade cognitiva, física e interação social. Conclusões: Desse modo, avalia-se que a dança constitui uma medida não-farmacológica relevante e que depende de mais estudos para que seja utilizada em maior proporção no contexto clínico.
Por um olhar interseccional na universidade durante e pós-pandemia: entrevista com a Dra Joana Angélica Guimarães da Luz
Authors: Bessa Ferreira de Oliveira Carolina
Published: February 2021

A partir do isolamento social imposto pela pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19), que emerge no Brasil em março de 2020, muito se tem discutido sobre a utilização de tecnologias nas atividades laborais no espaço doméstico de pesquisadoras e professoras mães e/ou cuidadoras. Sendo a professora Dra. Joana Angélia Guimarães da Luz a primeira mulher negra eleita reitora em uma universidade federal no Brasil, além de mãe/avó, convidamos as/os leitoras/es para conhecer importantes aspectos de sua trajetória e suas percepções sobre a utilização das tecnologias nas atividades da mulher/mãe/pesquisadora/professora frente ao isolamento social. Esta entrevista foi concedida entre os meses de junho e julho de 2020, por e-mail, durante a pandemia. A interação oportunizada pela reitora demonstram sua disponibilidade em compartilhar sua experiência pessoal e profissional, que muito nos ensina em relação ao necessário olhar interseccional na universidade, evocando representatividade e cenários possíveis no âmbito da educação. Boa leitura!
Cuidados e Educação na pandemia: Uma abordagem a partir dos feminismos latino-americanos
Authors: Bonavitta Paola , Castro Amanda Motta , Pires Desirée
Published: February 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 nos confrontou com realidades inesperadas, mas também com outras as quais os feminismos denunciam há décadas. Entre elas, o fato de ocuidado terestado majoritariamente a cargo da mulher, de maneira desigualmente distribuída. Desse modo, enquanto tudo mudava abruptamente para virtualidade (trabalho, educação, entretenimento, atividades recreativas, entre outros), as mulheres tiveram que realizar diversas tarefas de trabalho profissional, doméstico e de cuidado simultaneamente. Assim, no mesmo espaço e tempo, tiveram que cuidar e acompanhar os seus filhos/as com as tarefas da escola, higienizar os espaços, trabalhar remotamentepara o sustento da renda e prever a organização do lar diariamente. Neste ensaio,refletimos, do ponto de vista feminista e latino-americano, sobre as travessias que as mulheres têm enfrentadodiante da sobrecarga de trabalho e das responsabilidades na atual conjuntura de pandemia.
Genetic classification of lakes in the Czech Republic
Authors: Janský Bohumír , Šobr Miroslav
Published: February 2021

The paper provides genetic classification of lakes in the Czech Republic. We separate lakes to two groups - natural and anthropogenic origin. The genetic classification is based on the classification of lakes according to the way of origination of the lake basin while the geomorphologic viewpoint prevails: glacial lakes, fluvial lakes, karst lakes, lakes dammed-up by landslides, organogenous lakes and anthropogenic lakes. As the anthropogenic lakes we may regard all the water bodies which originated as a consequence of the human activity - mining of mineral resources.