bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety level evaluation for existing rockfall protection gallery Rieinertobel
Authors: Custer Rocco , Schubert Matthias , Hess Reto , Schellenberg Kristian
Published: December 2017

Within the coming decade many ageing rockfall protection galleries in the Swiss Alps will require rehabilitation measures to ensure their durability. Before a gallery is rehabilitated, its current safety level needs to be assessed to decide whether strengthening measures are also necessary. Generally, an assessment of structures several decades old with current design standards will result in a recommendation for expensive strengthening measures. However, design standards may offer the possibility for a risk-based assessment, e.g. Swiss standard SIA 269 [1], which allows for evaluating strengthening measures in consideration of both safety and cost-efficiency. This paper describes a risk-based assessment for the rockfall protection gallery Rieinertobel and shows that target safety requirements can be met without strengthening measures. The described approach allows for managing ageing infrastructure in a cost-efficient manner without compromising safety.‌‌
Professional preparation and training of teachers – selected issues
Authors: Khruzd-Matushchyk Alisa ,   University of Silesia in Katowice
Published: December 2017

The subject of teachers’ professional training and improvement requires particular care and attention, it provides inspiration to think over the current potentialities of teachers’ professional development and preparing them for work. Becoming a good educator requires time, which is not the most important factor of professional development. During university studies and over the consecutive years of their professional work, teachers collect experiences. However, their workshop should not be constructed only on the basis of experience. Professional teacher training is the field owing to which teachers supplement their knowledge and acquire new skills, indispensable in the dynamic and demanding work of an educator.

What is undertaken in this study are the issues of functioning in the teacher’s profession – from educating university students to the challenges of professional work. The article consists of several parts. The first is dedicated to the educating of teachers, the next to the significance of teaching internships in the process of preparing for professional work. The third part comprises the characterization of some selected fields of teacher training and different possibilities of developing professional and personal competences are indicated here. The study is completed with a recapitulation.
Actuality of experience study of non-philological disciplines future teachers’ foreign-languages training in higher schools of Poland and Czech Republic
Authors: Gromov Yevhen ,   Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky
Published: December 2017

The author asserts that realization of principal theses of pan-European recommendations for linguistic education stipulates necessity to revise settled views on the process of future teachers’ foreign-languages preparation taking into account modern society demands and requirements on level and extent of knowledge which every higher pedagogical institution graduate must possess. Thus we face the pressing demand of making adjustment of future pedagogues’ linguistic training in correspondence to actual challenges which presume conversion from traditional to innovative methods of individuals’ professional formation, from priorities of narrowly specialized tasks to holistic development of future teachers, pedagogical interaction, joint creativity and cooperation which provide Ukraine’s integration into European educational space. It has been supposed in the article that investigation of modern tendencies in foreign-languages training of non-philological disciplines future teachers in higher schools of Poland and Czech Republic is an actual pedagogical problem.

Main directions of possible scientific research have been outlined; unsolved aspects, principle objectives, methodological groundings, research approaches, as well as practical and theoretical importance for native pedagogical science have been determined. It has been shown that scientific investigations which are aimed at ascertainment of basic peculiarities of non-philological teachers’ professional formation in conditions of united European educational space formation will designate further perspectives for implementation of Eastern-European countries positive experience into Ukrainian pedagogical practice.
Father in process of care for children in rural families: health care
Authors: Bartosiak Lukash ,   University of Warsaw
Published: December 2017

The article constitutes a part of research project entitled «Paternal attitudes in the rural environment». The research presented in this article, based on qualitative methodology, was conducted in nineteen randomly chosen villages of Plock district. 37 respondents participated in it. The purpose was to determine paternal attitudes in a rural environment. The research does not meet the characteristics of representativeness. The collected research material deepens the scientific knowledge of the essence of a given phenomenon rather than its social scope. The data obtained during the analysis were compiled for a number of concepts that scientifically explain the correctness of the behavior and functioning of a man as a father and his attitudes. The social-scientific personality theory of J. Rotter, U. Bronfenbrenner's human ecology theory, the socio-cognitive theory of A. Bandury and the most important theoretical reference to the problem – «Cognitive concept of attitudes» by D. Crech, R.S. Crutchfield, E.L. Ballachey were taken into consideration. The study covered many issues. According to methodological assumptions, the selection of the sample was deliberately - random. This article is devoted to a small fragment about the father in the childcare process. In accordance with the accepted assumptions, childcare is one of the components of the father’s role in the process of parenting. The actions that are linked to organizing the everyday life conditions may be classified as criteria that allow to determine the participation of fathers in childcare processes. The qualitative analysis of collected research material, which is preceded by a theoretical introduction, demonstrates current knowledge on performing first childcare actions, the father’s contribution to the child’s healthcare, preparing meals, and other.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION FORMATION WITH IN BORDERS OF MODERN UKRAINE IN THE MIDDL E AGES
Authors: Dedeliuk Nina , Vashchuk Liudmyla , Tomashchuk Olena , Mudryk Zhanna , Voytovych Vasyl
Published: December 2017

The article is dedicated to the investigation of physical education formation in Kievan Rus. The work outlines the worldview aspects of body-building, reveals the essence of healthy lifestyle in written documents of the IX–XIV centuries. Different means (folk games, dances, entertainments, fist fights, wrestling, exercises with objects, exercises using means of movement, natural locomotion) and forms (folk, religious, educational, military-physical, competitive) of physical education in Kievan Rus are presented in the article. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, ancient chronicles, ethnographic records, archaeological finds, folklore materials and own research results, we defined the fallowing peculiarities of the functioning of physical education in Kievan Rus: the connection of physical education with the outlook, way of life and place of people residence; interpenetration of inter-ethnic elements of physical education; interconnection of festive-gaming activity and military physical training; gradual transition to organized forms of physical education. In the literary documents of the IX–XIV centuries of the Kievan Rus the issue of healthy lifestyle was described. It ensured the training of young people in labor and military activities. «Pouchenia» by Volodymyr Monomakh provides a universal system for the education of young people, which includes productive labor activity, mental health, motor activity, hardening, rational nutrition, and personal hygiene. Means of physical education in Kievan Rus are divided into three main groups: physical exercises, natural forces, and hygiene factors. Physical exercises were divided into subgroups, depending on the specifics of motor activity: folk games, dancing and entertainment, fist fights and fighting, exercises with objects, exercises using means of movement. The forms of physical education in Kyivan Rus were formed due to the outlook, customs and way of life of the population. The results of the study made it possible to determine the following forms: folk, religious, educational, adventure, military-physical preparation.
TRADITIONS OF SWIMMING IN THE PHYSICAL CULTURE OF GALICIA UNTIL BEFORE 1939
Authors: Zaborniak Stanislaw , Mytskan Bogdan , Mytskan Tetiana
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the features of the development of swimming in Galicia in the interwar period (20–30 years of the twentieth century). To this end, a historical study and analysis of scientific literature on the development of navigation in the central and eastern regions of the Ukrainian lands, as well as in Galicia, was conducted. It was established that during the period of Galicia being found in the II Rzecz Pospolita (20–30th years of the 20th century) among Ukrainians there was a spread only on volleyball and football. Track and field athletics, skiing, but also swimming.The first swimming competitions in Galicia took place in June1923 inLviv on a natural reservoir. Both during the first and subsequent swimmings (R. Shukhevych, O. Priphan, O. Dutkevich, Valko, O. Dzjaba) competed in all kinds of swimming (free style, bracelet, butterfly, relay swimming) and showed sports The results of which were at the level with athletes of the Ukrainian people's republic. The formation and development of swimming in Galicia is closely linked with the sports clubs «Carpathian Leshtiaryan Club», «Sokol», «Chernik», «Sokol-Father» in the cities of Lviv, Stanislaviv, Ternopil. Przemysl.
THE ATTITUDE OF THE CLERGY TOWARDS THE BODILY NURTURE AND PLAYING ENTERTAINMENTS IN THE PERIOD OF THE ANCIENT CHRISTIANITY
Authors: Mudryk Serhiy , Ivaniuk Olha , Ishchuk Olena , Zakhozha Nataliia , Kasarda Olha
Published: December 2017

Man in his education always tries to combine the mind, spirituality and the body. But in different historical times the essence of the man and his destination in the society was interpreted differently. The appearance and development of the ancient period gave a boost to the spiritual development and the struggle against the bodily upbringing. The man of that period was revealed as a spiritual person, but not as a natural and bodily being. That is why the question of the attitude of the church and the clergy to corporaleducation upbringing and playing entertainments is to be understood. Objective of the research: history of the physical nurture in the first half of the first millennium. Taskofresearch: on the basis of the analysis of the scientific, theoretical and methodological literature to show the views of the first church fathers of the period of the development of the ancient Christianity on the life of the person and their attitude to the body improvement and game entertainments. Results of the Work. The world view reference-points of influence of the church and clergy on the human of the period of the Christianity are exposed in this article. Opinions of the first fathers of the church about the destiny of a man are expounded. It is studied, how the clerics affected the human consciousness by their speeches, treatises and actions. The negative attitude of the clergymen to the corporal perfection and to the playing entertainments is thoroughly considered. The attitude of the clergy is shown towards calendar holidays with games and mass competitions in amphitheaters and the arenas of the circus. The attempt of the church to provide ideological prohibition to engage in physical exercises and in playing entertainments and participate in spectacles is reflected. Conclusions.In the ancient period the church and clergy gradually gained the influence in the society. By their public speeches and dogmas they affected the human consciousness. Conquering political rights, the church successively introduced a ban of physical exercises, entertainments and competitions. As a result, the connection of the physical and mental upbringing was broken. The man was considered by the church only as a spiritual creature and the essence of the man was not taken into account at all.
Nomear o genocídio: uma conversa sobre Martírio, com Vincent Carelli
Authors: Leandro Anita , Cesar Amaranta , Brasil André , Mesquita Cláudia
Published: December 2017

Entrevista com Vincent Carelli, um dos diretores de Martírio (2016).

Revista ECO-Pós \ Imagens do presente \ V.20 N.2 2017
Authors: Andrizal Andrizal , Yendri Dodon
Published: December 2017

Proses pengisian galon di minum depot air menggunakan pompa air yang dilakukan oleh operator secara manual dengan menekan tombol on atau off. Ketika proses pengisian galon sedang berlangsung, operator selalu memperhatikan kondisi air di dalam galon apakah air sudah terisi penuh atau belum. Operator akan menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu mengamati galon sampai terisi penuh atau hampir penuh, kemudian sakelar di  OFF kan. Ketika tombol OFF diaktifkan, maka sangat mungkin air akan tumpah karena motor pompa belum sepenuhnya berhenti karena masih ada air yang dipompakan oleh motor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengontrol putaran motor pompa air ketika mengisi galon. Motor pompa bekerja secara otomatis dengan metoda PID, mengisi galon sesuai dengan set point yang diinginkan. Pengujian telah dilakukan pada galon volume 5 liter, 10 liter dan 19 liter. Hasil uji ketelitian sistem mengisi galon galon kapasitas 5 liter 99,40%, galon 10 liter 99,779%  dan 99,865% untuk galon 19 liter.
Penerapan Algoritma C4.5 untuk Klasifikasi Data Rekam Medis berdasarkan International Classification Diseases (ICD-10)
Authors: Fiandra Yudha Aditya , Defit Sarjon , Yuhandri Yuhandri
Published: December 2017

Abstrak

Data rekam medis adalah catatan khusus pasien yang sedang, seringkali data rekam medis hanya menjadi data yang menumpuk dan tidak dilakukan penelusuran untuk menghasilkan pengetahuan yang berguna bagi rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengolah tumpukan data rekam medis untuk mengklasifikasikan jenis penyakit yang terjadi pada rumah sakit berdasarkan pada kode penyakit internasional (International Classification of Disease) ICD-10. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode algoritma C4.5 dengan menggunakan atribut kode penyakit internasional sebagai atribut label tujuan sebanyak 21 kelompok penyakit internasional, yaitu: A00-B99 sampai dengan Z00-Z99. Penilitian ini menghasilkan pohon keputusan dari 21 berupa value atribut tujuan kode penyakit, algoritma C4.5 dapat merepresentasikan sebanyak 14 value atribut tujuan kode penyakit dan persentasi data yang terbaca lebih dari 66%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu algoritma C4.5 membantu mengklasifikasikan kode penyakit internasional berdasarkan ICD-10 dan membentuk pohon keputusan yang dapat memberikan informasi penyakit apa saja yang sering terjadi pada rumah sakit

Kata kunci: data mining, klasifikasi, C4.5, rekam medis, ICD-10
Evaluasi SDM Sistem Informasi Akademik Poltekkes Kemenkes Padang Menggunakan Framework COBIT 5
Authors: Doni Alsri Windra
Published: December 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kapabilitas dan usulan rekomendasi perbaikan sistem informasi akademik Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Padang khususnya pengelolaan sumber daya manusia (proses APO07) dengan menggunakan framework COBIT 5. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan kerangka kerja COBIT 5. Prosedur penelitian ini dimulai dengan melakukan obervasi, wawancara, kajian pustaka, memberikan kuesioner kepada pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan sistem informasi akademik. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tingkat kapabilitas untuk sistem informasi akademik Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Padang untuk domain APO pada proses APO07 gagal mencapai level 1 dengan kategori Partially Achieved (49,67%). Hasil pengolahan data ini menjadi dasar rekomendasi untuk perbaikan pengelolaan sistem informasi akademik Poltkekkes Kemenkes Padang untuk mencapai target level 3.
Authors: Rachmadi Muhammad , Alamsyah Derry
Published: December 2017

Autonomous UAV secara khusus membutuhkan sistem yang mampu memetakan (segmentasi) wilayah dari sebuah citra berwarna. Segmentasi wilayah nantinya digunakan untuk menentukan adanya halangan. Segmentasi pada sebuah citra dapat diawali dengan mengelompokan sejumlah pixel berdasarkan warna dan kedekatannya, yaitu dengan superpixe. Selanjutnya ciri dari setiap wilayah yang telah tersegmentasi diekstrak dengan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Segemtasi wilayah merupakan proses pengenalan wilayah yang membutuhkan informasi berantai yang didapat dari hasil pengenalan sebelum dan sesudahnya, proses ini merupakan proses stokastik. Penyelesaian masalah pengenalan seperti ini dilakukan menggunakan Structured Support Vector Machines (SSVM). Sementara itu untuk menentukan bobot dalam SSVM diperlukan sebuah model Conditional Random Field (CRF). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan hasil akurasi yang cukup baik dalam segmentasi wilayah yaitu 71%.
Effect of luting agent on the bond strength of ceramic-based lithium disilicate and titanium abutment subjected to artificial aging
Authors: Leite Washington Reis , Pereira Paulo Henrique De Souza , Concílio Laís Regiane Da Silva
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength (BS) of a ceramic coping-abutment implant interface according to the luting agent, before and after thermal cycling (TC). Methodology: Forty ceramic copings and abutments (Ti) were divided into four groups (n=10): OZ (zinc oxide eugenol free), PZ (zinc phosphate), GIC (resin modified glass ionomer), and RC (adhesive resin cement). BS test was performed using a universal testing machine before and after TC. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (p<0.05) were performed for the means. Results: The results showed that before TC, the values ranged from 50.77 N (OZ) to 240.21 N (GIC). After TC, the values showed intermediate results - 3.5 N (OZ) and 330.66 N (RC), 90.58 N (PZ), and 280.43 N (GIC). OZ performed the worst, both before and after TC. Before TC, GIC had the highest value. After TC, RC had the highest value of BS. Conclusions: The aging process influenced and inverted the results of the GIC and RC groups, and had a greater negative impact on the OZ group.
Síndrome de superposição e associação de paniculite e amiloidose – Relato de Caso - Overlap syndrome and association of panniculitis and amyloidosis - case report
Authors: De Souza Pina Lobo Tatiana , Rodrigues de Alencar Luciana , De Carvalho Barros Thiago , Guimarães de Farias Adriana , Antônio da Silva Nilzio , Rêgo Jozelia
Published: December 2017

ResumoObjetivo: Descrever um caso clínico de uma mulher de 46 anos, com superposição de esclerose sistêmica e artrite reumatoide, que desenvolve paniculite septal e amiloidose. Relato do caso: Paciente do gênero feminino, 46 anos, com diagnóstico de síndrome de superposição (esclerose sistêmica e artrite reumatóide) há oito anos, evolui com dor e aumento de volume das pernas. Aventada a hipótese de paniculite, a paciente foi medicada com anti-inflamatórios, não obtendo melhora. Submetida à biópsia de pele da perna direita, o quadro histopatológico foi compatível com amiloidose e discreta paniculite septal.  Considerações finais: A presença de paniculite, de difícil resposta ao tratamento antiinflamatório, deve suscitar a pesquisa de doenças infiltrativas, tais como a amiloidose. A presença de depósito amiloide na derme implica na investigação de doença sistêmica.Palavras-chave:Esclerose sistêmica. Artrite reumatoide. Paniculite. Amiloidose.AbstractObjective: To describe a clinical case of a 46-year-old woman, with overlap of systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis who develop panniculitis septal and amyloidosis. Case report: A 46-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of overlap syndrome (systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis) eight years ago evolves with pain and enlargement of the legs . After the hypothesis of panniculitis, the patient was medicated with antiinflammatory drugs and did not obtain improvement. Subjected to skin biopsy of the right leg, histopathological findings were compatible with amyloidosis and discrete panniculitis septal. Final considerations: The presence of panniculitis, which is difficult to respond to antiinflammatory treatment, should lead to the investigation of infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis. The presence of amyloid deposits in the dermis implies the investigation of systemic disease.Keyword:Systemic sclerosis. Rheumatoid arthritis. Panniculitis. Amyloidosis.
De la réaction thérapeutique négative en question : quand le symptôme ne cesse pas
Authors: Flémal Simon
Published: December 2017

Au cours de ses différents travaux, Freud introduit et développe une expression conceptuelle particulière : la réaction thérapeutique négative. Cette dernière correspond à un « besoin d’être malade » ou un « besoin de souffrir » qui, en raison de la prégnance d’un « surmoi devenu particulièrement dur et cruel », s’oppose à toute tentative de guérison. Près d’un siècle après la parution de ces écrits, qu’en est-il de la réaction thérapeutique négative aujourd’hui ? Comment ce concept a-t-il été repris et interprété par d’autres auteurs, tant dans sa valeur épistémologique que dans sa pertinence clinique ? Dans une perspective thérapeutique, quels sont les modes d’accueil et d’accompagnement susceptibles d’aider les personnes ne « voulant » pas guérir ? Quelle position adopter face à un symptôme qui ne cesse pas ? Afin de développer ces différentes questions, nous partirons des écrits de Freud consacrés à la réaction thérapeutique négative, pour, ensuite, étudier la manière dont ces derniers ont été relus par Anzieu et par Lacan. Il s’agira, ensuite, d’examiner la portée clinique de ces théorisations, à partir de l’étude de cas d’un patient hospitalisé sous contrainte, et pour qui l’accompagnement thérapeutique ne permet pas de prévenir la répétition de passages à l’acte suicidaires.
L’importance du Business Model dans le système de reporting d’entreprise
Authors: Magnaghi Elisabetta , Chikh M’hamed Sonia
Published: December 2017

Le but de cet article est d’analyser l’importance du Business Model (BM) dans le système de reporting d’entreprise. La question de recherche est d’identifier les aspects du BM, à la lumière de différentes contributions académiques, permettant de mieux représenter et rendre compte des dynamiques de création de valeur durable. Après une analyse explicative de la revue de la littérature internationale concernant la récente prise d’importance du Business Model dans le reporting d’entreprise sera effectuée une analyse documentaire (Bowen, 2009) portant sur les documents émis par l’IIRC (International Integrated Reporting Council).
La construction de la confiance sur une plateforme de l’économie collaborative. Une étude qualitative des critères de choix d’un covoitureur sur BlaBlaCar
Authors: Lemoine Laurence , Guesmi Samy , Hadhri Walid
Published: December 2017

L’économie collaborative connaît depuis quelques années un développement rapide, en particulier dans les services. Cette croissance pose avec acuité la question de la construction de la confiance dans ce contexte singulier qui ne réunit pas les conditions de cette dernière. La plateforme, seul intermédiaire entre les pairs candidats à l’échange doit en effet pallier l’anonymat, l’absence de réputation, le manque de répétition de la transaction, pour amener les participants potentiels à accepter de se placer en situation de vulnérabilité les uns par rapport aux autres. Nous nous proposons dans cet article d’étudier le process de construction de la confiance des jeunes de 18 à 25 ans, principaux usagers de la plateforme de covoiturage BlaBla-Car.
Proposition d’un modèle de facteurs explicatifs de l’adoption du QR code, dans un pays émergent
Authors: Bouri Rihab , Mezghenni Dhouib Ramla
Published: December 2017

L’objectif de cette recherche est celle de connaître les facteurs individuels et perceptuels qui induisent de manière directe ou indirecte les consommateurs des pays émergents à avoir l’intention d’utiliser le QR code. Nous avons adopté la modèle TAM développé par Davis (1989) pour comprendre la prédiction de l’utilisation et l’acceptation du QR code auquel nous avons intégré deux facteurs explicatifs à savoir le degré d’adoption des innovations par le consommateur et le plaisir perçu. Le résultat d’une enquête réalisé auprès de 200 individus a mis en évidence que le consommateur a une attitude positive envers le QR code, que le modèle Tam est solide et toujours d’actualité et que les deux nouveaux facteurs que nous avons intégrés au modèle ont un impact sur l’intention d’utiliser le QR code.
Human Naive and Memory T Cells Display Opposite Migratory Responses to Sphingosine-1 Phosphate
Authors: Drouillard Annabelle , Neyra Antoinette , Mathieu Anne-Laure , Marçais Antoine , Wencker Mélanie , Marvel Jacqueline , Belot Alexandre , Walzer Thierry
Published: December 2017

The role of sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) in leukocyte trafficking has been well deciphered in mice but remains largely unaddressed in humans. In this study, we assessed the ex vivo response to S1P of primary human T cell subsets. We found that tonsil but not blood leukocytes were responsive to S1P gradients, suggesting that T cell responsiveness is regulated during their recirculation in vivo. Tonsil naive T cells were readily chemoattracted by S1P in an FTY720-sensitive, S1PR1-dependent manner. Surprisingly, S1P had the opposite effect on effector memory T cells, resident memory T cells, and recently activated T cells, inhibiting their spontaneous or chemokine-induced migration. This inhibition was also more pronounced for CD4 T cells than for CD8 T cell subsets, and was dependent on S1PR2, as shown using the S1PR2 antagonist JTE-013. S1PR1 was progressively downregulated during T cell differentiation whereas S1PR2 expression remained stable. Our results suggest that the ratio between S1PR1 and S1PR2 governs the migratory behavior of T cell subsets. They also challenge previous models of the role of S1P in lymphocyte recirculation and suggest that S1P promotes retention of memory T cell subsets in secondary lymphoid organs, via S1PR2.
Erratum: Wheelchair services and use outcomes: A cross-sectional survey in Kenya and the Philippines
Authors: Bazant Eva S. , Himelfarb Hurwitz Elizabeth J. , Onguti Brenda N. , Williams Emma K. , Noon Jamie H. , Xavier Cheryl A. , Garcia Ferdiliza D.S. , Gichangi Anthony , Gabbow Mohammed , Musakhi Peter , Kirby R. Lee
Published: December 2017

No abstract available.
Corrigendum: Averting the legacy of kidney disease – focus on childhood
Authors: Ingelfinger Julie R. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Schaefer Franz
Published: December 2017

No abstract available.
Quality aspects of the Wegener Center multi-satellite GPS radio occultation record OPSv5.6
Authors: Angerer Barbara , Ladstädter Florian , Scherllin-Pirscher Barbara , Schwärz Marc , Steiner Andrea K. , Foelsche Ulrich , Kirchengast Gottfried
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The demand for high-quality atmospheric data records, which are applicable in climate studies, is undisputed. Using such records requires knowledge of the quality and the specific characteristics of all contained data sources. The latest version of the Wegener Center (WEGC) multi-satellite Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) record, OPSv5.6, provides globally distributed upper-air satellite data of high quality, usable for climate and other high-accuracy applications. The GPS RO technique has been deployed in several satellite missions since 2001. Consistency among data from these missions is essential to create a homogeneous long-term multi-satellite climate record. In order to enable a qualified usage of the WEGC OPSv5.6 data set we performed a detailed analysis of satellite-dependent quality aspects from 2001 to 2017. We present the impact of the OPSv5.6 quality control on the processed data and reveal time-dependent and satellite-specific quality characteristics. The highest quality data are found for MetOp (Meteorological Operational satellite) and GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment). Data from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (Formosa Satellite mission-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) are also of high quality. However, comparatively large day-to-day variations and satellite-dependent irregularities need to be taken into account when using these data. We validate the consistency among the various satellite missions by calculating monthly mean temperature deviations from the multi-satellite mean, including a correction for the different sampling characteristics. The results are highly consistent in the altitude range from 8 to 25 km, with mean temperature deviations less than 0.1 K. At higher altitudes the OPSv5.6 RO temperature record is increasingly influenced by the characteristics of the bending angle initialization, with the amount of impact depending on the receiver quality.
Analytical constraints on layered gas trapping and smoothing of atmospheric variability in ice under low-accumulation conditions
Authors: Fourteau Kévin , Faïn Xavier , Martinerie Patricia , Landais Amaëlle , Ekaykin Alexey A. , Lipenkov Vladimir Ya. , Chappellaz Jérôme
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We investigate for the first time the loss and alteration of past atmospheric information from air trapping mechanisms under low-accumulation conditions through continuous CH4 (and CO) measurements. Methane concentration changes were measured over the Dansgaard–Oeschger event 17 (DO-17,  ∼  60 000 yr BP) in the Antarctic Vostok 4G-2 ice core. Measurements were performed using continuous-flow analysis combined with laser spectroscopy. The results highlight many anomalous layers at the centimeter scale that are unevenly distributed along the ice core. The anomalous methane mixing ratios differ from those in the immediate surrounding layers by up to 50 ppbv. This phenomenon can be theoretically reproduced by a simple layered trapping model, creating very localized gas age scale inversions. We propose a method for cleaning the record of anomalous values that aims at minimizing the bias in the overall signal. Once the layered-trapping-induced anomalies are removed from the record, DO-17 appears to be smoother than its equivalent record from the high-accumulation WAIS Divide ice core. This is expected due to the slower sinking and densification speeds of firn layers at lower accumulation. However, the degree of smoothing appears surprisingly similar between modern and DO-17 conditions at Vostok. This suggests that glacial records of trace gases from low-accumulation sites in the East Antarctic plateau can provide a better time resolution of past atmospheric composition changes than previously expected. We also developed a numerical method to extract the gas age distributions in ice layers after the removal of the anomalous layers based on comparison with a weakly smoothed record. It is particularly adapted for the conditions of the East Antarctic plateau, as it helps to characterize smoothing for a large range of very low-temperature and low-accumulation conditions.
Effects of snow grain shape on climate simulations: sensitivity tests with the Norwegian Earth System Model
Authors: Räisänen Petri , Makkonen Risto , Kirkevåg Alf , Debernard Jens B.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Snow consists of non-spherical grains of various shapes and sizes. Still, in radiative transfer calculations, snow grains are often treated as spherical. This also applies to the computation of snow albedo in the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiation (SNICAR) model and in the Los Alamos sea ice model, version 4 (CICE4), both of which are employed in the Community Earth System Model and in the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM). In this study, we evaluate the effect of snow grain shape on climate simulated by NorESM in a slab ocean configuration of the model. An experiment with spherical snow grains (SPH) is compared with another (NONSPH) in which the snow shortwave single-scattering properties are based on a combination of three non-spherical snow grain shapes optimized using measurements of angular scattering by blowing snow. The key difference between these treatments is that the asymmetry parameter is smaller in the non-spherical case (0.77–0.78 in the visible region) than in the spherical case ( ≈  0.89). Therefore, for the same effective snow grain size (or equivalently, the same specific projected area), the snow broadband albedo is higher when assuming non-spherical rather than spherical snow grains, typically by 0.02–0.03. Considering the spherical case as the baseline, this results in an instantaneous negative change in net shortwave radiation with a global-mean top-of-the-model value of ca. −0.22 W m−2. Although this global-mean radiative effect is rather modest, the impacts on the climate simulated by NorESM are substantial. The global annual-mean 2 m air temperature in NONSPH is 1.17 K lower than in SPH, with substantially larger differences at high latitudes. The climatic response is amplified by strong snow and sea ice feedbacks. It is further demonstrated that the effect of snow grain shape could be largely offset by adjusting the snow grain size. When assuming non-spherical snow grains with the parameterized grain size increased by ca. 70 %, the climatic differences to the SPH experiment become very small. Finally, the impact of assumed snow grain shape on the radiative effects of absorbing aerosols in snow is discussed.
An Introduction to Embodied Cognitive Phonology: Claw-5 Hand-shape Distribution in ASL and Libras
Authors: Occhino Corrine
Published: December 2017

While the arbitrariness of the sign has occupied a central space in linguistic theory for a century, counter-evidence to this basic tenet has been mounting. Recent findings from cross-linguistic studies on spoken languages have suggested that, contrary to purely arbitrary distributions of phonological content, languages often exhibit systematic and regular phonological and sub-phonological patterns of form-meaning mappings. To date, studies of distributional tendencies of this kind have not been conducted for signed languages. In an investigation of phoneme distribution in American Sign Language (ASL) and Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras), tokens of the claw-5 handshape were extracted and analyzed for whether the handshape contributed to the overall meaning of the sign. The data suggests that distribution of the claw-5 handshape is not randomly distributed across the lexicon, but clusters around six form-meaning patterns: convex-concave, Unitary-elements, non-compact matter, hand-as-hand, touch, and interlocking. Interestingly, feature-level motivations were uncovered as the source of the mappings These findings are considered within a new cognitive framework to better understand how and why sub-morphemic units develop and maintain motivated form-meaning mappings. The model proposed here, Embodied Cognitive Phonology, builds on cognitive and usage-based approaches but incorporates theories of embodiment to address the source of the claw-5 mappings. Embodied Cognitive Phonology provides a unifying framework for understanding the perceived differences in phonological patterning and organization across the modalities. Both language-internal and language-external sources of motivation contribute to the emergence of form-meaning mappings. Arbitrariness is argued to be but one possible outcome from the process of emergence and schematization of phonological content, and exists alongside motivation as a legitimate state of linguistic units of all sizes of complexity. Importantly, because language is dynamic, these states are not fixed, but are in continuous flux, as language users reinvent and reinterpret form and meaning over time.
Consideración teórica sobre la prensa como fuente historiográfica.
Authors: Hernández Ramos Pablo
Published: December 2017

Este artículo ofrece una valoración del periódico como registro flexible de la historia. Se estudian la mirada única sobre la realidad que ofrece el periódico como actor del proceso comunicativo, el interés de esta fuente centrado en el sesgo ideológico, la difícil evaluación del estado de la opinión pública y las similitudes entre el trabajo de periodistas e historiadores. Como conclusión, se afirma la importancia de la prensa como fuente historiográfica, no solo como complemento de los documentos oficiales, sino también como fuente principal de las investigaciones históricas.
Publicaciones complementarias para la difusión de la Historia en educación: el álbum ilustrado "Guernica"
Authors: Lapeña Gallego Gloria , Hidalgo Rodríguez María Carmen
Published: December 2017

En el presente artículo se propone el álbum ilustrado, un género particular de libros ilustrados en el que escritura e imagen interactúan a lo largo de la narración, como un material complementario del manual escolar de Historia. Para ello se analiza la estructura narrativa, las múltiples maneras de interacción imagen-texto y el contenido del álbum Guernica. Con el análisis de este álbum, escrito por la historiadora Bernard e ilustrado por el pintor Charpentier, valoramos el potencial de este tipo de publicaciones como material didáctico en educación.
The New Type of Hero in Ayn Rand's Novels and Its Historical Roots
Authors: Grigorovskaya Anastasiya Vasilievna
Published: December 2017

This article examines the new type of hero created by Ayn Rand and finds its roots in Chernyshevsky's “new human.” Rand's characters share such features as extremism, asceticism, escapism, and the desire to transform the world. Moreover, Rand's heroes exhibit the self-building and “wholeness” traits of the “superhuman” as found in myths and in Renaissance and Masonic ideas.
Reply to the Critics ofRussian Radical2.0: The Dialectical Rand
Authors: Sciabarra Chris Matthew
Published: December 2017

Sciabarra responds to critics of the second edition of his book, Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical: Wendy McElroy, who reviewed the book for The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies (July 2015), and Shoshana Milgram and Gregory Salmieri, whose most recent criticisms appear in A Companion to Ayn Rand (2016). Sciabarra defends both his historical and methodological theses, situating the book within a trilogy of works that define and defend “dialectical libertarianism,” which eschews utopian thinking and embraces a fully radical mode of inquiry. Sciabarra argues that dialectics—the art of context-keeping—figures prominently throughout Rand's literary and philosophical corpus.
Semi-Strong Form of Efficiency of Nigerian Stock Market: An Empirical Test in the Context of Input and Output Index
Authors: Ayodele Ajayi John , Oshadare Segun Anthony , Ajala Olufunmilayo Adekemi
Published: December 2017

This paper examines the semi-strong form of efficiency of the Nigerian stock market. Such examination is made in the context of whether information impounded in previous stock prices reflect current prices through the input and output index. Data for the study were from secondary sources and it spans from 2005-2013. The population for this study encompasses all the companies that traded in the period of January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2013. All these companies are ranked according to their capitalization and a random sampling technique was employed to select the companies that have the capitalization values above the average value. The study made use of modified transfer function model to estimate the market index which is represented by the outputindex and the computed selected securities represented by the input index which is tantamount to published information. Findings from the paper show that publicly published information captured by the input index commands significant effect on the stock market represented by the output index hence making the Nigerian stock market to be semi-strong inefficient.
Student nurses’ experiences of incivility and the impact on learning and emotional wellbeing
Authors: Vuolo Julie C.
Published: December 2017

Background: Incivility is the display of intimidating, rude, disruptive or undesirable behaviours. Incivility in nursing has the potential to impact on the learning environment, student wellbeing and patient outcomes. Although it is a globally recognised phenomenon, relatively little is known about it in the context of nurse education in the United Kingdom, where the students’ time is divided equally between theory and practice and a nurse mentor is allocated to each student when on clinical placement.Methods: A phenomenological qualitative design was used to explore the experiences of ten student nurses studying on a three year degree level pre-registration (pre-licensure) nursing programme. Data was collected by in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews which were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis as a framework.Results: Student nurses can experience incivility in both classroom and clinical settings with negative consequences in terms of learning and personal wellbeing. Four superordinate (main) themes (Knowing-Not Knowing/Positioning/The Invisible Student/Distraction) were identified along with a further fifteen subordinate themes which included misuse, being nameless and feeling a burden.Conclusions: These findings add further to our understanding of incivility in nursing education and specifically the potential for incivility to impact on learning and students’ emotional wellbeing. Incivilities related to ‘the Invisible Student’ and ‘Knowing-Not Knowing’ are particularly worthy of further exploration as they reveal a hitherto unappreciated dimension of this complex, globally recognised phenomena.
Perception of Colombian Students from a Bachelor in Basic Education with Emphasis on Arts, about the Educational Quality of the Program They Study
Authors: Aldemar Segura-Escobar , Alfonso Lopez-Vega
Published: December 2017

This article presents the results of a study about the attitudes by the learners from a bachelor in basic education with emphasis on arts, in Colombia, regarding the quality of academic management of this program. The importance of this study appears considers that its results will be useful to contrast the agreement or disagreement between the components of the management of quality, declared by bachelor programs, and recognized by the National Ministry of Education, and valued as satisfactory, based on the students’ attitudes. All this will result in the development of analysis, design and execution of strategies which make possible the survival of the bachelor program, in an environment of governmental requirements on management of academic quality, and demands by the learners, which were not explicit before. The development of this project followed the survey method, with application of a questionnaire with the Likert’s scale, with 20 variables and 7 assessment items. The population consisted of 380 students who were registered in the second semester of 2017, and the sample, not representative and selected with convenience, was of 33 learners. The results show satisfactory variables such as 1) contribution on social, political and cultural development; 2) existence of teaching criterion of artistic languages; 3) commitment to the training of qualified teachers; and 4) interdisciplinary nature. The other variables were valued as unsatisfactory. Of the total number of students surveyed, 39.4% demonstrates an attitude of recognition of the bachelor as a program with academic quality; and a 60.6% has an explicit attitude of non-recognition.
Effect of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Pasture Grazing on Growth, Gastrointestinal Parasite Infection and Immune Response Biomarkers of Goat
Authors: Worku Mulumebet , Adjei-Fremah Sarah , Whitley Niki , Jackai Louis
Published: December 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of grazing cowpea pastures on growth, parasite egg count and biomarkers of immune response in goats. Spanish and Savannah goats (n = 48) stratified by initial body weight (42.0±7.0 kg) and fecal egg count (FEC), were randomly assigned to three pasture forages (Cowpea varieties: Mississippi silver (MS), or Iron and Clay (IC) or Pearl millet (PM) as control with 4 replicates, for a 28-day feeding trial. Forage samples collected at the start of the study were analyzed for nutrients, chemical and polyphenols content. Body weight, body condition score, and fecal egg count were measured weekly. Blood was collected from goats on days 0 and 28 for PCV and white blood cell differential counts. The concentration of total proteins, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated in blood serum. Concentration of DNA isolated from fecal samples was used as a measure of gut health. Goats grazed on cowpea forage (MS and IC) had higher body weight (p = 0.01) compared to goats grazed on PM. Percent lymphocyte (p = 0.008) and neutrophil (p = 0.013) increased in MS fed goats. Goats grazed on MS pasture had decreased FEC (p = 0.03) also. Cowpea pasture grazing had no effect on serum protein concentration, PCV and BCS (p > 0.05), but decreased PGE2 concentration in serum. The concentration of TAC in serum, increased at day 28 (p < 0.05). The concentration of fecal microbial DNA decreased in all the treatment groups at day 28. Cowpea forage grazing had an impact on body weight, FEC, and blood serum parameters (PGE2, TAC) in goats. These results demonstrate that freshly grazed cowpea forage has potential impact and benefits on growth and health of goats. Integrating cowpea diet in goat feeding system may enhance growth performance, stimulate and prime the immune system for defense against gastrointestinal parasites.
Sugarcane Field Residue and Root Allelopathic Impact on Weed Seed Germination
Authors: Webber III Charles L. , White Jr Paul M. , Landrum Derek S. , Spaunhorst Douglas J. , Wayment Darcey G. , Dorvil Emmanuel
Published: December 2017

Allelopathy, the chemical interaction between plants, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development, which can include compounds released from a crop that adversely impact weed species. The objective of this research was to determine the allelopathic impact of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) field residue and root water extracts on seed germination of three weed species. Red morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.)] seeds were treated with five extract concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g/L) from either sugarcane field residue or sugarcane root extracts. The field residue and roots were from sugarcane variety ‘HoCP 96-540’ plant cane. Germination generally decreased with increasing sugarcane field residue extract concentrations in the three weed species tested. At the highest residue concentration (100 g/L), red morningglory, redroot pigweed, and spiny amaranth germination decreased by 29%, 17.5% and 80.5%, respectively. Germination generally decreased with increasing sugarcane root extract concentrations in red morningglory and redroot pigweed, but not with spiny amaranth. The highest root concentration (100 g/L) decreased red morningglory and redroot pigweed germination by 19.5% and 18.5%, respectively. This research provides the first bioassay demonstrating that sugarcane root extracts have allelopathic activity, and specifically in respect to red morningglory and redroot pigweed germination. Future research should investigate the allelopathic compounds present in the sugarcane field residue and roots, determine if the same allelopathic compounds are present and in similar concentrations among other sugarcane varieties, and further examine which weed species may be susceptible to the allelopathic compounds present in sugarcane roots.