bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standard operating procedure for the management and prevention of post-partum haemorrhage in a public general hospital in rural South India: a quality improvement project
Authors: Dhali Arkadeep , D'Souza Christopher , Roger B. Rathna
Published: May 2021

Background: The Obstetrician stationed in a Public General Hospital noticed that there were no standard guidelines nor any assessment tool for the management of post-partum hemorrhage (PPH). This developed the idea to prepare a standard protocol.Methods: Aiming to ensure prevention and proper management of PPH in the Maternity ward, a team was formed to perform a Quality improvement project (QIP). A Standard operating procedure (SOP) was formulated referring to the National Health Mission (NHM). Outcome indicators were defined. A series of interventions were implemented and assessed using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. The findings from the PDSA cycle of a previous intervention were used to implement change in the next intervention. The data was analysed to accept the change or to further modify it.Results: At the end of 3 months, percentage of patients with PPH reduced by 3%, percentage of patients diagnosed with PPH within the 1st hour increased by 50%, percentage of patients with PPH treated appropriately increased by 20% and percentage of patients requiring referral due to PPH decreased by 15%. Thus, at the end of 3 months there was significant improvement in the values of the outcome indicators.Conclusions: In the span of few months, we were able to implement an SOP and bring a significant improvement in the management of PPH in the maternity ward.
A cross-sectional study to assess diabetic risk using Indian diabetic risk score among the urban population of Perambalur, South India
Authors: M. Tamilarasan , Selvaraju Maniprabhu , Kulothungan Karthikeyan , T. Srirangathan
Published: May 2021

Background: Various studies from the urban population shows people are more susceptible to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since the cause of diabetes is multifactorial it is necessary to screen the population to identify high-risk individuals. The objective of the study was to estimate the risk of developing type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) using the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) and its determinants in the urban field practicing area of the medical college in Perambalur district.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban field practicing area of Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital in Perambalur district. 400 participants of age more than 20 years enrolled in this study. IDRS risk score and data on other risk factors were obtained for every individual. Data entry was done in Excel and statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 16.Results: In our study, the proportion of male and female were almost equal. One-third of the participants 124 (31%) had a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Similarly, half of them 188 (47%) were at moderate risk and 88 (22%) had a low risk for diabetes. Statistically, a significant association was seen between high risk for T2DM and increased age, positive family history, Low socioeconomic status, living as a nuclear family, habits of smoking/Alcohol, and sedentary lifestyle.Conclusions: The risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among the urban population is rising trends. For effective screening of the general population, IDRS can be used.
Occupational radiation exposure among orthopaedic and a need for heath promotional approach
Authors: Roy Adrija , Mitra Arun , Roy Debapi
Published: May 2021

Background: In medicine, radio-diagnosis and imaging is one of the vital tools used for the diagnostic purposes. In orthopaedic surgeries the use of intraoperative fluroscopy with C-arm is no doubt a beneficial technology but it comes with the occupational hazard of radiation exposure. This study therefore evaluates the awareness and practices of orthopaedic surgeons regarding occupational radiation exposure and its risks and the association of level of awareness and practices with various factors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among orthopaedic surgeons using a pre-designed, pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire, disseminated online. Questions on awareness and practices of occupational radiation exposure and its risks were asked after obtaining consent. Data was analyzed using software statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 and a p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: 150 completed forms showed that though majority (63%) of the study participants had adequate knowledge about occupational radiation exposure, the level of practices was only 12%. A statistically significant association (p<0.001) was found between years of experience and adequacy of knowledge and practices, regarding radiation exposure. Majority (91%) believed, adequate training and a health promotional approach could be beneficial.Conclusions: This study highlights the fact that occupational radiation exposure is an issue to be dealt with importance and thus the awareness and practices also needs to improve A health promotional approach with stringent rules needs to be taken to ensure adequate awareness and adequate practice among the orthopaedic surgeons.
A cross-sectional study of impact of school environment on students’ health
Authors: Ram Uppala S. S. , Rao Yeluri S. , Gara Himavathy K. , Rao Vanamali D.
Published: May 2021

Background: A child’s growth and personality depends not only on his intelligence but also emotional health which incorporates his family, peer, school and teachers. This study aimed to evaluate quality of life in school (QoLS) among school children aged 13-16 years and to explore their school environment.Methods: In this community-based study, 293 school children were randomly selected from an urban community and were subjected to face-to-face interviews to obtain: socio demographic features inclusive of age, gender and details of school; and QoLS instrument exploring psychosocial factors, attitude towards school, teacher-student relationship and school environment.Results: Males had 57.68% representation. Majority belonged to private schools (71.6%) and state board (92.83%). Majority confirmed for adequate lighting (97.27%), clean school (91.47%), and extra-curricular activities (85.32%). Few faced problems like teasing (19.79%), feeling unsafe (16.38%), and loneliness (13.99%). Majority were satisfied with teachers (92.15%) and found them supportive (96.58%) and approachable (91.47%). The lowest and highest QoLS scores were reported for psychosocial factors (3.335±0.991) and teacher-student relationship (3.645±0.773) respectively. Girls reported significantly higher scores for school environment. Residential and 8th grade students gave significantly higher scores for total QoLS and all domains. QoLS was not affected by the school being government or private and education board being state or CBSE.Conclusions: Teacher-students relationship and psychosocial factors were scored highest and lowest respectively in QoLS. Girls, younger age and residential students had higher perception of QoLS. To achieve transformative growth and healthy adulthood, both family and school should focus on safe, stimulating and supportive environment for the child depending on age and gender-specific needs.
A community study on awareness of iron deficiency and screening early adolescents who are likely to be iron deficient in government schools
Authors: Reddy Mohana I. , Parameshwara Apoorva , Kumar Kishore , Maski Rahul , Nekkanti Vineela , Ranganathan Srinivasan
Published: May 2021

Background: Iron deficiency is one of the major concerns of nutritional deficiencies in developing countries. Iron is an essential element for various biological processes. ID can result from inadequate intake or absorption of dietary iron, increased need during growth period of children and blood loss from infection. According to WHO, the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia is 20% or higher. IDA in children has been linked to increased childhood morbidity and impaired cognitive development and school performance.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out on 413 government school children in Bangalore of age group of 11-16 years. Questionnaires were provided to assess their knowledge. The demographic details of the study subjects like height, weight and physical examination, dietary intake of foods by the children were collected.Results: The paired two sample t-test was used to calculate the significance between the pre and post-educational test.  The measure of the subjective data of the parameters as BMI, physical examination, dietary history; indicates that out of 413 students who had undergone assessment for iron deficiency, 70.70% students might be healthy, 14.29%, 10.73% and 4.28% students might be mild, moderate and severely prone to ID respectively.Conclusions: This study provided students with knowledge of ID and awareness of signs and symptoms for early detection of ID.
Community-based transmission of hepatitis C in India: a systematic review
Authors: Husain Absar , Akinola Ajoke , Kaushik Muskan
Published: May 2021

To analyze the transmission of hepatitis C available studies differentiate state/province from the Indian region. In this review it has been described that there is strong association among the factors responsible for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission and community-based complex intervention within public health. Total 25 most relevant articles included in this review for Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Odisha, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, and Gujarat. This systematic review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The general concepts and topics covered by PRISMA are all relevant to any systematic review. All articles published before September 2020 that the electronic databases used in this search needed to draw content from the fields of tropical medicine, infectious disease, gastroenterology, sexually transmitted disease, communicable disease, family medicine physicians, public health and hepatology The respondent population was 104776 categorised into five major groups; general population, underprivileged population, associated risk patient, risk behavior group. We investigated an effective cluster, and random population from various locations, prevalence in community groups. Recommendation of this review is to develop a standardized public health structure between primary health-care providers in rural and urban populations, prevent infected blood transmission and proper screening of high-risk groups.
Esophageal carcinoma with acro-metastasis: a rare case report
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Saad , Pathan Hina , Imtiaz Sheeza , Mallick Jawaid , Hussain Shabbir , Ubaidullah Saifullah
Published: May 2021

The aim of this case report was to present a rare case of bony metastases originated from squamous cell carcinoma of the mid esophagus, thus, underline the need for early diagnosis and possible treatment of suspicious bony lesions among patients with esophageal malignancy. A 35-year-old man with esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy whose pathology revealed stage III-C disease. During follow up, he was diagnosed to have bony hand metastasis. The patient died after some time. Therefore, follow-up of patients who are diagnosed with esophageal malignancy and underwent esophagectomy is mandatory in order to reveal early surgical stages as esophageal cancer is emerging as leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Complete resection of esophageal cancer and adjacent malignant lymph nodes is the only potentially curative treatment. Accurate preoperative staging and assessment of therapeutic response after neoadjuvant therapy are crucial in determining the most suitable therapy and avoiding inappropriate attempts at curative surgery.
SARS-CoV-2 a public health emergency: challenges in vaccination in Indian setup
Authors: Dakshinamurthy Senkadhirdasan , Boratne Abhijit V. , Kanagat Sadhvika
Published: May 2021

WHO is working in collaboration with scientists, business, and global health organizations to fasten the pandemic response. India has approved two vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin for emergency use to fight COVID-19 pandemic in the country. Even when vaccinations are provided free of cost in PHCs, some social stigma always present in communities which make hardest-to-reach remote rural areas. Enhancing access to vaccination services, provider-based interventions and increasing community demand are some areas of concern. In spite of all recommendations, certain challenges like safety of vaccines, human rights and law, trust and prevention of distrust etc. remain to be solved before planning to introduce a new vaccine in the public health system. In the first phase of the vaccination drive, frontline workers nearly from both government and private sector will get vaccinated. These include cleaners, police and paramilitary, home guards, disaster management volunteers and other jawans in civil defence, and revenue officials associated with containment and surveillance. In the second and third stage, those above 45 years of age with comorbidities and then without comorbidities will be vaccinated. Later people in age group of more than 18 years will get vaccine.
Did COVID-19 challenges psychological resilience of pregnant women? an evidence-based review with recommendation
Authors: Chakraborty Betsy
Published: May 2021

Any conflict, extreme stress, emergency situation, natural disaster multiplies mental health hazard. History of Spanish flu outbreak witnesses the damage of pregnant women i.e. as short-term impact inflate the rate of preterm deliveries and the baby’s who were in womb persist the risk of developing medical and psychiatric disorders like diabetes, coronary artery disease, cancer and schizophrenia in future. Pregnant women are considered more vulnerable for COVID-19 as pregnancy makes women prone to respiratory pathogen, which leads to severe pneumonia. Women are three times more prone to anxiety than man. Continuous strict restriction on consultancy visit and gathering, rumors and contradictory information, uncertainty about delivery plan & health of mother and baby indirectly affected women’s emotional and psychological health of perinatal period. Fear and stigma grasps them when anticipating social discrimination and segregation from baby if they become positive. Growing evidence shows psychological impacts i.e. high levels of anxiety, depression and stress are prevalent among pregnant women irrespective of geographical and cultural boundaries across countries like India, China, Canada, UK, Australia and Israel. WHO recommended for adopting holistic approach of care, consideration of major two aspects (i.e. clinical and psychological experiences) in pandemic situations for helping in better positive coping of mother, baby and family members. This present review aimed to find out triggering factors, challenges, major types of psychological issues, consequences of psychological impact among perinatal women due to COVID-19 and want to prescribe evidence-based resolution and preparedness for combating such pandemic situation.
Are ready to use therapeutic foods a solution for management of child undernutrition in India
Authors: . Shalli , . Anuradha
Published: May 2021

Childhood undernutrition is a very common problem in India. India contributes to one-fifth of global underlnutrition. Thirty- eight % of Indian children have stunting and 35.7% have low weight for age. Out of these 7.4% of under-5 children suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Government of India and many other Non- governmental organisations (NGOs) are working towards eliminating malnutrition. This is being done by establishment of various nutritional rehabilitation centres and malnutrition treatment centres. However, in order to achieve the goals and lead to widespread coverage, community participation is a crucial step. Malnutrition is usually an incidental finding when any care giver seeks medical care for the child due to some illness.
Adult-onset acne: An expert consensus
Authors: Deshmukh Gaurav , G Parasramani Shrichand , Tahiliani Sushil , Dhoot Dhiraj , Barkate Hanmant
Published: May 2021

Despite the increasing incidence of adult acne in recent times practical guidelines for management of these patients are lacking in India setup. Thus, to develop practical consensus-based recommendations on diagnosis and management of acne in adult patients an expert panel was finalized. The consensus was developed using Delphi method. Panel members were asked to complete two Delphi surveys one for diagnosis and another for management. Experts reached consensus on practical approach of diagnosis and management of patients with adult acne based on available evidence and their personal experience. Experts recommended that a holistic treatment approach consisting of standard therapy, adjuvant therapy and cosmetic use should be first choice treatment strategy in adult acne patients. Experts also commented that treatment choices should be individualized based on the specific characteristics of each patient and be tailored to suit this particular population.
Evolving eponymous signs in diagnostic dermoscopy
Authors: Bhargava Shashank , Bothra Atul , Das Seujee , Maheswari Anshu , Singh Mehak
Published: May 2021

Dermoscopy is a very useful technique devised for an earlier diagnosis of skin melanoma with a clinic-pathological correlation. Later it was found to be beneficial for the diagnosis of many other pigmented skin lesions, such as seborrheic keratosis, pigmented basal cell carcinoma, hemangioma, blue nevus, atypical nevus, and mole, which can often clinically simulate melanoma. Of late, its use in general clinical dermatology is growing with the recognition of new and specific patterns in conditions such as hair disorders, inflammatory disorders, and infections/infestation. It is still in the evolving phase and many new signs are described presently. Eponyms are used almost daily in dermatology practice. The eponyms in dermoscopy, trichoscopy, and onychoscopy are based on the imaginative capability of the authors and they have been very much successful in describing them. It becomes easier to memorize and identify the various appearances for early diagnosis and management. In this article we attempt to highlight the various dermoscopic signs described in dermatology.
Inter-American Development Bank Tenth Annual Report 1969
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: May 2021

The Tenth Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1969.
Determinação de minerais nas gomas carragena e xantana
Authors: Andrade Luan Alberto , Nunes Cleiton Antônio , Pereira Joelma
Published: May 2021

As gomas são aditivos alimentares que podem ter ação espessante, estabilizante e emulsificante. Elas são formadas principalmente por carboidratos, porém há na literatura relatos sobre valores consideráveis de cinzas nas gomas comerciais carragena e xantana, sendo, portanto, interessante conhecer seus principais minerais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi encontrar os macro e microminerais presentes nas gomas carragena e xantana, sendo o relato desses componentes para esses aditivos pouco encontrado na literatura. As gomas foram adquiridas em empresa fornecedora de insumos para a produção de alimentos no Brasil e submetidas às análises de espectrofotometria, fotometria de chama e espectrometria de absorção atômica para encontrar os teores dos minerais P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Mn, Zn e Fe. O micromineral ferro se destacou para as duas gomas estudadas. A goma xantana possui valores ínfimos de macrominerais. A presença de minerais como K e Ca pode alterar o comportamento reológico das gomas, como mostra a literatura, sendo o K encontrado com destaque entre os macrominerais analisados para a goma carragena. O hidrocoloide carragena pode ser fonte de Fe para alimentação humana quando consumida em quantidades apreciáveis. As conclusões mencionadas neste trabalho estão baseadas a um lote comercial das gomas. É interessante, em estudo futuro, avaliar os minerais das gomas carragena e xantana de diferentes fontes comerciais e, assim, ter uma conclusão mais abrangente sobre a fração inorgânica dos hidrocoloides estudados.
Potencial nutricional e funcional da farinha da casca de umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Cam.)
Authors: Aderne Ivana , AMPARO DOS ANJOS DIONEIRE , SOUZA RIBEIRO JÉSSICA , CAMELO ELOI DE SOUZA CASSIARA , ELENA ZANUTO MARCIA
Published: May 2021

O umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Cam.) é uma espécie nativa da região Nordeste do Brasil, adaptado às condições de estresse hídrico, de grande importância econômica e social para o Semiárido. Os frutos são explorados comercialmente para consumo in natura ou industrializado, com grande geração de resíduos. Objetivou-se produzir uma farinha de casca de umbu, avaliando seu potencial nutricional e funcional. As cascas de umbu foram secas em estufa a 60°C até o ponto de quebra. Foi realizada a caracterização físico-química e química e determinado o teor de compostos bioativos (carotenoides, clorofila, flavonoides amarelos, antocianinas e vitamina C) das cascas de umbu e da farinha obtida. Nas cascas de umbu in natura, destacaram-se os teores de fenólicos totais (66,09 ± 7,96 mg.100 g-1) e de vitamina C (20,05 ± 1,41mg100 g-1). Na farinha, os resultados mostraram alto teor de açúcares redutores (84,22 ± 4,22%) e baixa concentração de lipídeos totais (0,71 ± 0,17%), ressaltando-se também o teor de cinzas (3,76 ± 0,04%). Em relação aos compostos bioativos estudados na farinha, destacaram-se os teores de vitamina C (37,65 ± 0,53 mg.100g-1) e de fenólicos totais (138,54 ± 12,22 mg.100 g-1). As cascas de umbu e sua farinha apresentaram relevante composição nutricional e presença de constituintes bioativos importantes, e o baixo custo de obtenção da farinha aponta para a possibilidade de seu uso como ingrediente para novos produtos alimentícios, viabilizando a utilização de um resíduo, agregando valor e reduzindo o impacto ambiental do descarte, além de gerar renda adicional aos produtores.
Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion by inhibiting the expression of lncRNA H19
Authors: Zhao Lingqing , Sun Wei , Zheng Aiwen , Zhang Yingli , Fang Chengyan , Zhang Ping
Published: May 2021

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most malignant disease of the female reproductive system and accounts for a large proportion of gynecological cancer-related deaths. Emerging evidence has indicated that ginsenoside Rg3, one of the tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins in ginseng, plays crucial roles in regulating cancer progression, yet its role and mechanisms in regulating the proliferation and invasion of OC are still elusive. In this study, the cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of OC were assessed by using methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT), colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The protein levels of E-cadherin and N-cadherin were analyzed by Western blot assay. The expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results revealed that ginsenoside Rg3 significantly inhibited the viability of OC cells (SKOV3 and A2780) in a concentration‑dependent manner. Ginsenoside Rg3 (50 μg/ml) had almost no significant effect on the activity of human ovarian epithelial cells (HOSEpiCs). Thus, this dose was selected for the subsequent experiments. Furthermore, Rg3 markedly decreased the colony formation, migration and invasion of OC cells. In addition, the expression of N-cadherin was downregulated, and the expression of E-cadherin was upregulated with Rg3 treatment. Moreover, lncRNA H19 was upregulated in OC cells, and Rg3 negatively regulated H19 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In terms of the mechanism, knockdown of H19 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while overexpression of H19 reversed the inhibitory effect of Rg3 on the OC cells. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of OC cells by partially inhibiting the expression of lncRNA H19.
The Pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ scopes of practice in the management of minor ailments at community pharmacies in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mizranita Vinci , Sim Tin F. , Sunderland Bruce , Parsons Richard , Hughes Jeffery D.
Published: May 2021

Background: Managing minor ailments in community pharmacy is an evolving pharmacy service in developing countries. Defined scopes of practice for pharmacy staff are essential for the safe management of minor ailments. Limited research exists regarding the perceptions of Indonesian pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ scopes of practice in providing minor ailments management services.

Objective: To evaluate pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ understanding of their scopes of practice, perceived competency and factors influencing the delivery of minor ailments services in Indonesian community pharmacies.

Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted during January-February 2020 of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians attending seminars conducted by relevant Indonesian Associations in Central Java, Indonesia. Percentage of common responses (PCR) described similarity of perceived scopes of practice for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified associations of scopes of practice with pharmacy characteristics.

Results: A total of 185 pharmacists and 142 pharmacy technicians participated. Pharmacy technicians performed minor ailment consultations, however, if considered beyond their scope of practice, they referred the patient to the pharmacist (T=120/142, 84.5%). Vaginal thrush, bacterial conjunctivitis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and acute pain were minor ailments perceived only within a pharmacist’s scope (PCR above 60%). Of 34 minor ailments, 11 showed PCR values between 40-60% overlapping pharmacists and pharmacy technicians perceived scopes of practice (allergy/rash, back pain, cold sores, dermatitis, diarrhoea, eczema, hayfever, haemorrhoids, rheumatism, sore throat, and superficial wounds). Back pain, cold sores, dermatitis, and sore throat associated pharmacists’ scope of practice with years of practice experience (p-value<0.05). Pharmacy technicians perceived their scopes of practice to be wider than perceived by pharmacists.

Conclusions: Discordance between pharmacists’ and pharmacy technicians’ perceived scopes of minor ailments management highlights the need for clearly defined scopes of practice for each professional group. Each professional group must practise within their competence to ensure safe pharmacy practices.
Estudio micromorfológico en sitios alfareros uru de la cuenca del río Araguaia, Goiás, Brasil
Authors: Batista Barbosa Jordana , Coutinho Afonso Marisa , Rubin de Rubin Julio Cezar
Published: May 2021

Los estudios geoarqueológicos con análisis microscópicos han sido cruciales para la identificación de suelos modificados por la acción humana. La micromorfología en Brasil ha sido utilizada en sitios, concheros y sambaquis del sur y sudeste del país, en abrigos rocosos de la región de Lagoa Santa (Minas Gerais) y en sitios de «Terra Preta» (tierra negra) en Amazonas y Acre. Los llamados suelos antrópicos tienen un papel decisivo en los procesos de adición y movimiento de residuos orgánicos, minerales y prácticas de manejo del suelo. Para identificar e interpretar los diversos tipos de marcas y actividades humanas en el suelo es importante comprender primero cómo ocurren estos cambios. En principio, las alteraciones en el suelo inducidas por humanos pueden ser causadas por procesos de adición de materiales al suelo y estos son identificados en la lectura micromorfológica de láminas delgadas. Los sitios arqueológicos de alfareros se encuentran ubicados en la cuenca del río Araguaia. Los asentamientos ceramistas en el estado de Goiás se estudiaron con el fin de identificar cuándo y cómo se establecieron estos grupos en la región central del país. Estos estudios mencionan la existencia de un suelo oscurecido en los sitios, que hasta ahora no había sido estudiado a través de investigaciones micromorfológicas. La relación entre las características del bioma de Cerrado, con sus altos índices de acidez, y la ocupación humana en un área dada es importante para entender la tafonomía del suelo. El uso de la micromorfología demostró que incluso en entornos ácidos es posible observar alteraciones posteriores a la sedimentación, eventos microestratigráficos, fragmentos microscópicos de carbón, huesos, diversos minerales, como calcio, fósforo, compuestos orgánicos y microfragmentos cerámicos, todos relacionados a las actividades antrópicas de los sitios alfareros.
Book Review of The Early Advantage: Early Childhood Systems That Lead by Example by Sharon Lynn Kagan (Ed.)
Authors: Blome Leslie
Published: May 2021

This review critiques Sharon Lynn Kagan’s The Early Advantage: Early Childhood Systems That Lead by Example (2018). Kagan posits that early childhood education and care (ECEC) systems throughout the world are complex and fragmented. Burgeoning neuroscientific research and shifting political ideologies acknowledge the economic and social value of investing in ECEC and beg re-examination of outdated narratives (Kagan 2018). Responding with a timely analysis, The Early Advantage details the results of a comparative international research project designed to analyze six strategically chosen jurisdictions with successful ECEC systems. A thorough account of each country’s structural, fiscal, and ideological components provides context for systemic challenges and triumphs. Kagan’s concluding synthesis connects ideas for the reader and reveals emerging narratives to guide ECEC leaders in moulding high-quality delivery systems that are equitable, efficient, and context specific.
História e produção da escrita entre os Xakriabá e os Pataxoop de Minas Gerais
Authors: R. Gomes Ana Maria , Corrêa C´élia Nunes , Miranda Shirley Aparecida de
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, analisamos processos recentes de produção de materiais escritos entre os Xakriabá e os Pataxoop (MG), cujos produtos assumiram diferentes formatos, buscando trazer aspectos centrais que delineiam as características do conteúdo e da forma final do produto editorial. Ambos são povos indígenas que têm o português como língua materna. O caso dos Pataxoop ilustra uma reelaboração original da escrita em associação com outras formas expressivas, como o canto e o desenho. O caso dos Xakriabá revela o uso da escrita inserido em processo de elaboração sobre a história de luta, com um procedimento de autoria coletiva negociada no qual a memória ingressa num exercício cruzado de sentido acadêmico e político e com repercussões epistemológicas.
KAJIAN TEKNIS SISTEM PENIRISAN TAMBANG DALAM OPTIMALISASI PEMOMPAAN DI PT SEMSTA CENTRAMAS
Authors: Ferdiansyah Evri , Triantoro Agus , Dwiatmoko Marselinus Untung
Published: May 2021

Sistem penirisan tambang di PT Semesta Centramas menggunakan sistem kolam terbuka (open sump) dengan pemompaan tunggal. Kapasitas sump yang ada tidak mampu mengatasi debit limpasan yang masuk ke area tambang sehingga perlu dikaji kapasitas sump untuk mencegah air meluap ke arah penambangan batubara serta mengkaji sistem pemompaan untuk memompa air keluar dari sump secara efektif dan efisien.Pada penelitian ini, perhitungan curah hujan rencana menggunakan distribusi log normal, perhitungan intensitas hujan menggunakan persamaan mononobe, penentuan luas catchment area menggunakan software pertambangan., perhitungan debit limpasan menggunakan metode rasional, dan perhitungan debit pemompaan berdasarkan metode dischargeHasil perhitungan curah hujan rencana adalah 123,63 mm, hasil perhitungan intensitas hujan adalah 5,15 mm/jam, luas catchment area adalah 54,24 ha, hasil perhitungan debit limpasan adalah 0,698 m3/s, dan hasil perhitungan debit pemompaan dengan total debit sebesar 733 m3/jam. Dengan hasil ini, maka perlu dilakukan perluasan sump dan pengoptimalan sistem pemompaan. Kata-kata kunci: Open Sump, limpasan, pemompaan
Patterns of World Economic Development Models Formation and Change
Authors: Fituni L. , Abramova I.
Published: May 2021

The authors produced a concept of emergence, evolution and expiration of Global Economic Development Models (GEDM). According to their hypothesis, the transformation of GEDMs occupies the unique intermediate position between stadial and cyclic economic changes. The article offers periodization and description of economic models that existed during the last 200 years, and elaborates on the future characteristics of the emerging GEDM of the 21st century, with special emphasis on natural resources, shifts in the global balance of power, social structures and global governance.
«Alternative Capitalism» or Alternative to Capitalism?
Authors: Semenenko I.
Published: May 2021

In October 2011, in the Center for Comparative Socio-Economic and Socio-Political Studies of IMEMO RAN the meeting of a scientific-theoretical workshop on the subject «"Alternative capitalism" or Alternative to Capitalism?» took place. Problems of conceptual crisis in social sciences and methodology of the modern socio-political changes analysis were in the spotlight. The discussion evolved over two main problems: 1. Knowledge crisis or development crisis? On methodology of the modern socio-political changes analysis and problems of a new social sciences research paradigm development. 2. Capitalism and modernization. Main ideas of presentations by scientists from IMEMO and other scientific institutions are outlined in two issues of the journal (No. 7, 8).
Evolution of EC Trade Policies
Authors: Strezhneva M.
Published: May 2021

Research presented in this article highlights the place and significance of the Common trade policy in determining the role of the EU as an actor of the international scene. According to the existing forecasts, by the year 2015 up to 90% of growth in global economy will be generated outside Europe – in Asian markets first of all. In order to keep up with their competitors and to successfully use the new global opportunities, European firms need an access to these markets where they can, however, meet substantial obstacles.
Phenomena of NIC: Evolution and Modernity (the end)
Authors: Ostrovskaya E.
Published: May 2021

The publication represents the outcomes of the regular academic seminar “Current problems of development” conducted in the Center of the problems of development and modernization of IMEMO RAS. The report analyses general trends and national specifics of newly industrialized countries, their experiences and trends. This is a starting point for predicting future role and significance of these notable players on the world market. It is concluded that, possibly, we can see similar evolution in other states of Asian-Pacific region, whose importance in the world economy will, no doubt, continue to grow in the foreseeable future.
Liberalism and Regulation of Financial Market
Authors: Milovidov V.
Published: May 2021

Reagan's financial sector deregulation became a starting point for the financial engineering, derivatives, combinatory financial operations industry. Due to it hedge funds developed, and a range of risk financial transactions expanded among the banks that found both new forms of financial risk hedging and new sources of income: arbitrage and hedging, credit default swaps, operations with "second-rate” credits. It was them that exploded the market in 2007–2008. The reaction of states realized in a string of regulation initiatives, including creation of supranational coordination bodies (in particular, Financial Stability Board); reformatting of mega regulators and on their base – the shaping of state prudential supervision and financial services consumer rights protection bodies with different tasks; restrictions on hedge funds activities; toughening of derivative instruments regulation and implementing of a central counterparty institute on derivatives market.
O TEMA ÁGUA NAS TEMÁTICAS FÍSICO-NATURAL NO CURRÍCULO DE GEOGRAFIA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS
Authors: Frazão Ana Paula , Marques Roberta
Published: May 2021

A água é um importante elemento natural para se pensar e fazer Geografia na escola, esta ideia aliada à necessidade de capacitação na formação docente em temáticas físico-geográficas é o incentivo e proposta do presente artigo. O objetivo central do da pesquisa é contribuir com o curso de formação de professores de Geografia na perspectiva de que os futuros docentes tenham uma formação que os habilite a trabalhar tais conteúdos na Educação Básica. Os objetivos específicos são: 1). Identificar no currículo de geografia do Estado de Goiás temáticas sobre a água; 2). Analisar as temáticas sobre a água no currículo do Estado de Goiás e como esse tema pode ser desenvolvido pelo professor e 3). Inferir sobre a importancia da temática água no currículo do Estado de Goiás. Para alcance dos objetivos específicos se faz necessário a metodologia de análise documental, dessa forma foi realizado a análise do currículo do ensino de geografia para o Estado de Goiás. A pesquisa é resultado parcial do trabalho de conclusãode curso e tem como recorte temporal o ano de 2018. Nesse sentindo o artigo tem como intuito de elucidar a necessidade da ampliação do olhar geográfico nas instituições que formam professores em Geografia, valendo-se dos documentos que regem o ensino básico na escala do Estado de Goiás e da carência de sistematizar a temática da água de forma geográfica, diante de contextos políticos e sociais emergentes na sociedade.
TFRS 6 MADEN KAYNAKLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI VE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ STANDARDININ BİLİNİRLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: TEKŞEN Ömer , AKTAR Adile
Published: May 2021

Muhasebe standartlarının temel amacı dünyada uygulanmakta olan muhasebe sistemlerindeki farklılıkları minimize ederek muhasebe uygulamalarının diğer ülkelerin uygulamalarıyla uyumlaştırılmasını sağlamaktır. Bahsi geçen bu uyumlaştırma sürecinde maden kaynaklarının araştırılması ve değerlendirilmesiyle ilgili finansal raporlama esaslarının belirlenmesini amaçlayan TFRS 6 standardı düzenlenmiş ve yürürlüğe girmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu uygulamanın amacı Burdur ili Bucak ilçesi ticaret siciline kayıtlı olan mermer madeni arama faaliyeti gerçekleştiren işletmelerin TFRS 6’ya ilişkin hangi düzeyde bilgi sahibi olduklarını tespit etmektir. Yapılan anket uygulamasıyla araştırmaya katılan işletme yetkililerinin TFRS 6’nın genel bir perspektifle bütün madenleri baz alan hükümler içerdiğini, mermer madeninin diğer madenlerle kıyaslandığında çok daha yüksek tutarlarda başlangıç maliyetlerine yol açması nedeniyle bu standardın mermer madeni özelinde birtakım hükümlere de yer vermesi gerektiğini düşündüklerini beyan ettikleri görülmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmanın sonucunda TFRS 6’nın getirdiği yeniliklerin algılanma düzeyinin orta seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
The Landscape Structure of the Dnipro River Islands in Kyiv, Ukraine: the Venetsiansky (Hydropark) Island Case Study
Authors: Pozharska Anastasiia-Olena
Published: May 2021

The article studies the Venetsiansky (Hydropark) Island (the Dnipro River, Kyiv, Ukraine) landscape structure applying the genetic landscape science method and the European landscape classification (LANMAP) approach. The aim of the article is to determine the best way to study the river islands landscapes analyzing the Venetsiansky Island landscape structure by the both methods. Methodology. The genetic landscape science method consists in the next steps: 1) the island’s territory information collecting; 2) the preliminary landscape map creating; 3) field study; 4) the final landscape map creating. The LANMAP method consists on: 1) the climate study; 2) the altitude study; 3) the parent material study; 4) the land cover study. The results. The genetic landscape science method demonstrates that the Venetsiansky Island is not a landscape, but a structural part of the landscape – the tract. The LANMAP study reveals that the Venetsiansky Island is naturally homogeneous, but land cover differs. The conclusion. The both methods’ study shows that the river island cannot be the entire landscape by the natural criteria, but only the part of it. The genetic landscape science explores the landscape forming while the LANMAP reveals the current state of the landscape.
COVID-19 Diagnosis from chest CT Scans: A Weakly Supervised CNN-LSTM Approach
Authors: Kara Mustafa , Öztürk Zeynep , Akpek Sergin , Turupcu Ayşegül
Published: May 2021

Advancements in deep learning and availability of medical imaging data have led to use of CNN based architectures in disease diagnostic assisted systems. In spite of the abundant use of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based tests in COVID-19 diagnosis, CT images offer an applicable supplement with its high sensitivity rates. Here, we study classification of COVID-19 pneumonia (CP) and non-COVID-19 pneumonia (NCP) in chest CT scans using efficient deep learning methods to be readily implemented by any hospital. We report our deep network framework design that encompasses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (biLSTM) architectures. Our study achieved high specificity (CP: 98.3%, NCP: 96.2% Healthy: 89.3%) and high sensitivity (CP: 84.0%, NCP: 93.9% Healthy: 94.9%) in classifying COVID-19 pneumonia, non-COVID-19 pneumonia and healthy patients. Next, we provide visual explanations for the CNN predictions with gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). The results provided a model explainability by showing that Ground Glass Opacities (GGO), indicators of COVID-19 pneumonia disease, were captured by our CNN network. Finally, we have implemented our approach in three hospitals proving its compatibility and efficiency.
Factors Associated to High School Students Dropout in Malakand District Pakistan
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Hayat Muhammad , Khan Sabir
Published: May 2021

Academic failure, low attendance, financial difficulties, and mental illness are some of the major reasons most students drop out of high schools. We investigated how high school dropout risk is affected by socioeconomic, demographic, and institutional characteristics. Therefore, research design is composed of a literature review, Questionnaire surveys by interviewing each student. Besides, the analysis and statistical modelling, the Logistic Regression method was used. The results show that academic performance, job, lack of interest and low learning ability were the significant individual characteristics that affect the high school dropout. Moreover, parental characteristics, including financial condition, lack of awareness, and education, are significant factors associated with high school dropout rates. Some other related factors, such as adaptability and influence of the peer groups, abandoning school by siblings, and extra responsibility at home and a joint family system, are also some notable factors that significantly affect the dropout rate in schools Malakand District of KP province. This research study delivered the results that contribute to the literature in education to identify different factors like student's own, parental, institutional, and household characteristics, which affect a student being a dropout from high school in Malakand district Pakistan.
Use of the Barthel Index to Assess Activities of Daily Living before and after SARS-COVID 19 Infection of Institutionalized Nursing Home Patients
Authors: Trevissón-Redondo Bibiana , Lopez Lopez Daniel , Perez-Boal Eduardo , Marques-Sanchez Pilar , Liébana-Presa Cristina , Navarro-Flores Emmanuel , JIMENEZ FERNANDEZ RAQUEL , CORRAL LIRIA INMACULADA , LOSA-IGLESIAS MARTA , Becerro de Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo
Published: May 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activities of daily living using the Barthel Index, before and after the infection by SARS-COV-2 and to see if the results vary according to sex. Methods: The activities of daily living of 68 cohabiting geriatric patients, 34 men and 34 women, in 2 nursing homes were measured before and after SARS-COV-2 infection using the Barthel index. Results: The Covid 19 infection affects the performance of daily life activities in institutionalized elderly in nursing homes, and it does so especially the older the subject, regardless of sex. Conclusions: The Covid 19 pandemic, in addition to having claimed some victims, especially in the elderly population, has reduced the ability of these people to carry out their activities of daily life, considerably worsening their quality of life despite have been able to overcome the disease.
On the Riemann Hypothesis for the Zeta Function
Authors: Yang Xiao-Jun
Published: May 2021

In this paper we address some variants for the products of Hadamard and Patterson. We prove that all zeros of the Riemann $\Xi$--function are real. We also prove that the Riemann hypothesis is true. The equivalence theorems associated with the Riemann zeta--function are obtained in detail.
Estimating COVID-19 Related Mortality in India: An Epidemiological Challenge with Insufficient Data
Authors: Zimmermann Lauren , Salvatore Maxwell , Babu Giridhara , Mukherjee Bhramar
Published: May 2021

The harrowing second wave of COVID-19 in India has led to much discussion over the quality and timeliness of reporting of deaths attributed to the pandemic. In this brief report, we aim to present the existing evidence, as well as the broader complexities surrounding the mortality burden of COVID-19 in India. This article sheds light on the following epidemiological issues: (1) general and India-specific challenges to COVID-19 death reporting, (2) latest COVID-19 mortality estimates in India as of May 16, 2021, (3) the apparent scale of uncaptured COVID-19 deaths, and (4) the role of disaggregated historic mortality trends in quantification of excess deaths attributed to COVID-19. We conclude with a set of high-level policy recommendations for improving the vital surveillance system and tracking of causes of death in India. We encourage direct efforts to integrate health data and indirect strategies for cross-validation of registered deaths. Such system-wide advances would drastically aid epidemiological research efforts and strengthen India’s position to overcome future public health crises.
Football analytics for better betting: Pitch partitioning, possession sequences, expected goal model and player evaluation on Dawson model
Authors: Kollár Aladár
Published: May 2021

One of the most significant developments in the sports world over the last two decades has been the use of mathematical methods in conjunction with the massive amounts of data now available to analyze performances, identify trends and patterns, and forecast results. Football analytics has advanced significantly in recent years and continues to evolve as it becomes a more recognized and integral part of the game. Football analytics is also used to forecast game outcomes, allowing bettors to make educated guesses. This article describes mathematical concepts related to football analytics that enable a better betting strategies. We explain how the pitch is partitioned into different zones and we define possession sequences. Furthermore, we explain what an expected goals model is and which expected goals model we use in this research. Furthermore, we define two general characteristics of a player evaluation method, each corresponding to one of the equations of the Dawson model. Based on these characteristics, we describe the developments of several general approaches for evaluating players in the context of the Dawson model.