bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of a maintenance station on atmosphere state
Authors: Seredenko Victoria
Published: October 2021

Problem. Automobile transport has a huge negative influence on the environment, not only during using, but also during its service. Goal: to analyze the influence on the atmosphere of the work of car service stations. Methodology: The calculation of atmospheric emissions during the operation of the main production units was carried out according to the standard method. Gas analysis was carried out using an OKCI-5M-5H gas analyzer. Originality: Calculated amounts of emissions of major pollutants, which are formed during the operation of internal combustion engines and during the operation of the main units of the station, determined the amount of pollution from decentralized space heating. Recommendations for reducing the amount of pollutants and the negative influence of stations on the environment within the city are proposed. Practical value. When liquefied gas is used as a combustible gas, emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere are noticeably reduced both in quantitative terms and in qualitative composition. At the same time, the emissions of methane and sulfur oxides decrease by half. There is a significant decrease in carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide (II) emissions. Analysis of the data obtained shows that when wood is used as a fuel, there are no emissions of sulfur oxides, but the amount of nitrogen and carbon oxides is higher. Particulate matter emissions are not significantly dependent on the type of fuel. During the operation of the service station, the largest amount of gaseous emissions into the atmosphere occurs in the service box of the internal combustion engine. In general, during the operation of a car service station, a significant amount of harmful substances is not added to the atmosphere.
MODELING THE TRAJECTORY OF COURIER ROBOTS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PRIORITIES OF THE VISIT
Authors: Diakonenko Nina , Khatsko Natalia , Khatsko Kyrylo
Published: October 2021

Problem. Automatic control systems for courier-robots are rapidly developing and need a modern algorithms. It is necessary to take into account the additional characteristics of the visited points to form a route for the movement of the robot that is optimal for solving business problems. The paper discusses the principles of forming additional parameters of destinations, and also describes the annealing algorithm for constructing the route of the courier-robot. The purpose of the work is to develop a method for automatically constructing a route for a courier-robot, taking into account the priorities of destinations and the possibility of avoiding obstacles along the route. Methodology. It is proposed to form an integrated characteristic of destinations in accordance with the parameters of the delivered goods: shelf life, shelf life of the goods required by the consumer, and the urgency of delivery of this product to a specific consumer. The problem of finding the optimal route to taking into account different priorities of destinations is solved using the probabilistic method of annealing. The paper presents an algorithm for the formation of an integral characteristic for each destination with the subsequent construction of a route. An algorithm for applying the annealing method for the task of constructing a route is described. The route formation algorithm has been modified by adding additional characteristics for each destination. To demonstrate the operation of the algorithm, a numerical example is given, which was processed using the created software application with a graphical interface for entering data and outputting the result. Conclusion. The basis for further modification of the algorithm for constructing the route of the robot courier has been created. In further development, it is planned to expand the list of parameters that form the integral characteristic of the destination and change the route construction algorithm taking into account the perimeters of obstacles that arise along the path of the robot.
USING WEB TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE THE TRANSPORTATION PROCESS
Authors: Aleksiyev Oleg , Aleksiev Volodymyr , Matsiy M.
Published: October 2021

Problem. Due to the constant information development of society and its industrial component, new transport systems and machines have reached a high level of information excellence. Accordingly, there is a new contradiction between the rapid development of tools and methods of informatization of complex objects and systems, the development of transport telematics (internal for cars and other vehicles and external internal transport control systems) and the heterogeneous nature of existing subsystems and components of the transport complex. Of Ukraine. The problem of resolving this contradiction will allow at all levels of transport infrastructure to improve services to residents of cities and regions, improve transport processes, avoid existing negative consequences: traffic disruptions, unsatisfactory condition of roads, irrational use of funds for repair, operation and equipment of highways. This will help improve traffic safety, improve the quality of transport services, ensure people’s comfort and save cargo. Goal. The goal of the study is to create software and hardware for virtual management, its intellectualization based on the use of virtual logistics of transportation processes, providing road users, tools of virtual management, a kind of virtual logistics of the transport system of the transport portal KhNADU (ICT KhNADU). The purpose of this article is to study the problem of expressing and proving new rules and concepts for providing knowledge and skills to people who want to work in the IT field of transport applications. The sequence of acquiring knowledge and skills of people who have improved their personal professional level in road transport is determined. Methodology. The idea of computer science as system engineering of successful consecutive creation of computer equipment and software of complex systems by combining their computer and software engineering in the field of motor transport is offered. Practical value. The scope of use of the obtained results is road transport road organizations of Ukraine, residents of cities and regions as individuals or legal entities of users of transport services.
Determination of temperature regimes of producing of mastic asphalt concrete mixtures on bitumen binders of different consistency
Authors: Oksak Serhii
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Problem. The temperature of mastic as-phalts mixing is significantly higher than the one for hot asphalt mixtures. It is due using of high viscous bitumens as a mixture component and realizing the main advantage of mastic asphalt – its ability to flow and compact with its own weight at high tempera-ture. There is no uniform way to assign the process temperatures for mastic asphalt. Goal. To find the process temperatures for mastic asphalt with bitumen binders differ by viscosity as a researching on tem-perature influence and influence of binder concentra-tion on properties of mastic asphalt is a goal of this research work. Methodology. The mastic asphalt mixtures and asphalt concrete with conventional pavement bitumen 70/100 (penetration is 85 dmm) and high viscous bitumen (penetration is 38 dmm) are chosen for research. The mineral aggregates contain 42 % of crushed granite 5-10 mm, 33 % of granite screening and 33 % of limestone powder. The properties of mastic asphalts are evaluated with EN 12697-20:2003, SOU 42.1-37641918-106:2013 and DSTU EN 13108-6:2018. Results. It was found a significant influence of amount and viscosity of bitu-men and a temperature on workability of mastic as-phalt mixture and on properties of mastic asphalt concrete. Originality. The comparative analysis of workability of mastic asphalt mixture and properties of mastic asphalt concrete with bitumens differ in viscosity is a scientific originality of presented re-search. Practical value. Due to research results it is not reasonable to assign the temperature that sup-plies viscosity of 0.5 Pa•s as a temperature of mixing of mastic asphalt. The temperature conditions of mastic asphalt mixing are much higher (200 – 240 °C). To evaluate workability and find a minimal acceptable temperature of mixture it is possible to use the thickness of the mixture layer after spreading as an indicator. With this the acceptable workability of the mastic asphalt mixture can be characterized by thickness of its layer 30 mm or less after spreading.
Investigation of the wear of asphalt concrete pavement taking into account the influence of temperature, moisture of the pavement and the presence of an aggressive environment
Authors: Siedov Andrii , Fomenko Olena
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The emergence of a large number of modern high-speed cars with improved dynamic characteristics and an increase in the share of cars, especially large load capacity, have significantly accelerated the destruction of asphalt roads. Plastic deformations, tracks and cracks are more and more often observed on asphalt concrete pavements of roads, their wear is accelerated. As a result, the transport and operational condition of roads deteriorates, the speed of traffic decreases, the cost of road transport increases, and increasing costs are required for road repairs. Thus, the conditions of traction of the wheels of the car with the road surface are influenced by the service life of the coating, traffic intensity, the amount of harmful emissions of industrial enterprises and climatic factors. At the same time uneven change of conditions of coupling in cross and longitudinal profiles of the highway comes to light. Analyzing the natural and climatic factors, we can establish that different weather conditions have different effects on the condition of the road surface. In summer, the condition of the surface is dry and clean, so the driving conditions are safe. Taking into account all the factors that lead to the destruction of the coating with the formation of residual deformations and irreversible changes, requires the study of wear of the coating surface. he wear of the coating largely depends on the friction force in the area of contact of the tire with the surface of the coating, the type of tires and the pressure in the tires. But the random nature of changes in the intensity and composition of traffic, seasons, temperature, humidity, rainfall affects the amount of wear over a period of operation of the road surface. The presence of water or solutions in the pores of the coating leads to the separation of mineral particles from the layer under the action of impact force from the wheels of vehicles. It is experimentally established that the wear of asphalt concrete in the dry and wet state increases with increasing temperature. One of the main types of damage to road surfaces is their premature wear under the influence of vehicle wheels, in combination with changing weather conditions. Analyzing the natural and climatic factors, we can establish that different weather conditions have different effects on the condition of the road surface. The article considers the influence of temperature, humidity and the presence of solutions of chloride anti-icing materials on the process of abrasion of asphalt pavement in the autumn-winter period. Occurrence of big differences of temperature and humidity accelerates processes of aging of materials from which layers are made, influencing their durability and wear resistance.
Optimization control actions on electropneumatic valve of actuator of clutch control
Authors: Mykhalevych Mykola
Published: October 2021

Electropneumatic valves are a key element of the electropneumatic clutch control system for vehicles of categories N3 and M3. The speed and accuracy of the clutch control system depend on their parameters. When the operating conditions of the solenoid valve change, its initial parameters also change, even before the loss of serviceability. Goal. The goal of the work is to form dependencies that determine the parameters of the control signal for the clutch control system of vehicles of categories M3 and N3 in the conditions of change of supply voltage, pressure drop on the valve and ambient temperature. Methodology. To achieve this goal, an advanced mathematical model and onedimensional optimization method were used to determine the optimal control effect on the electropneumatic valve of the clutch control system. Results. The block diagram of the control pulse in different modes of operation of the electropneumatic clutch control system is given. Based on the calculated data, the characteristic areas of operation of the electropneumatic valve are determined and the purpose for the optimization process is determined. Based on the defined range of data change and the accuracy of finding the optimal value, a rational optimization method is determined. By modeling the operation of the solenoid valve with parameters according to the chosen optimization method, the response surfaces were constructed relative to the control pulse depending on such parameters as supply voltage of the vehicle onboard network, ambient temperature and pressure drop on the solenoid valve. Originality. The error in the reproduction of the theoretical response surfaces based on the parameters of the clutch and the electronic control unit is also determined. Theoretical aspects for providing the required inductance of the solenoid valve coil are shown. Practical value. A method for determining the pressure drop on an electropneumatic valve is proposed. The method takes into account the change in pressure during operation of the clutch control system due to wear of the friction plate. The error in ensuring the duration of the control pulse due to the presence of hysteresis in the operation of the clutch and the executive control device is estimated.
Technology of synthesis of the liquid dosing system
Authors: Petrenko Yuriy Antonovych , Kostyrya Darya Andriivna , Ashirov Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: October 2021

There are a large number of different solutions for dosing liquid products on the world market today. There is no universal technology because the same substances can be dosed on different types of equipment. Thus, the manufacturer faces a difficult task: what type of equipment will be the most optimal for this purpose. These questions are a complex multicriteria scientific task, for the effective solution of which it is necessary to develop a technology for the synthesis of the system of authorization of fluid dosing using methods of multicriteria optimization in different conditions of information certainty. Goal. To develop the technology of synthesis of the liquid dosing system, which will allow to make a scientifi-cally based decision on the choice of hardware and software for the liquid dosing system in different conditions of information certainty. Methodology. The criteria for the selection of hardware and soft-ware for liquid dosing automation systems have been substantiated in the work. Based on the analysis of existing decision-making methods in different condi-tions of information certainty, mathematical models of hardware and software selection for fluid dosing automation have been developed, a physical model of liquid dosing system on the Arduino NANO / UNO microprocessor platform has been built. Results. The developed technology of liquid dosing system allows to determine the features of the project of synthesis of liquid dosing automation systems, develop models of hardware and software selection of liquid dosing automation systems. Originality. Methods using multicriteria optimization methods in different conditions of information certainty due to their extension to a new subject area were further developed. Math-ematical models of hardware and software selection for fluid dosing automation system have been devel-oped. Practical value. The theoretical results obtained are confirmed by building of a physical model of the liquid dosing system on the platform of the Arduino NANO / UNO microprocessor
Environmental risks of innovations in the management of motor transport systems
Authors: Zhelnovach Ganna , Koversun Svitlana
Published: October 2021

In modern conditions, when the negative impact on the components of the environ-ment is constantly increasing, and global environmental problems are becoming more and more urgent, the issues of attracting environmental investments in energy and resource-intensive sectors of the economy are becoming more and more urgent. Among all the sources of destructive influence, one of the least studied are motor transport systems, which are a combination of highway and flow of motorvehicles that move along it. In the current conditions of the modern development of the state road network and the implementation of the "Big Construction" program, the problem of assessing the environmental risks of innovations in the management of motor transport systems becomes especially relevant and requires a solution in the context of ensuring the state's environmental safety. Goal. The goal of the work is to develop approaches to assessing the envi-ronmental risks of innovations in the management of motor transport systems to ensure an appropriate level of the state environmental safety. Methodology. The analytical methods to develop an organizational and economic mechanism for managing environmental risks of innovation in the functioning of the state's motor transport systems were used in the work. Re-sults. The main environmental problems of the functioning of motor transport systems are analyzed and priority ones are highlighted. The general foundations of environmental risk management of innovative activity are analyzed. The efficiency of the state motor transport systems management system is estimated. Measures to determine the environmental risks of innovation have been developed. The organizational and economic mechanism for managing the environmental risks of innovation in the functioning of the transport systems of Ukraine were proposed. Originality. The system of environmental risk man-agement of innovation has been further developed in the context of the eco-innovation process of develop-ment of motor transport systems, which will increase the level of environmental safety of the state. Practical value. The use of the proposed general organizational and economic mechanism for managing the environmental risks of innovation in the functioning of the state's motor transport systems will increase the efficiency of this process. The obtained result is the basis for the development and implementation of effective mechanisms for the ecoinvestment in the development of motor transport systems. In the long term, this will help to improve the state's ecoinvestment climate and indirectly increase the level of environmental safety.
Determining lateral pressure from embankment soil own weight on the end piers of the bridge
Authors: Kozhushko Vitalii , Krasnov Serhii
Published: October 2021

The problem statement is to study the issue of determining the lateral pressure of the soil from the weight of the embankment soil on the end piers of the bridge at a foundation depth of 3 m. In the regulatory documents, when determining the lateral pressure for this case, it is recommended not to take into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil located below the land surface. The aim of the work is to identify the magnitude of the lateral pressure, taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of both the embankment soil and the soil located within the depth of the foundation, as well as taking into account the height of the pier.Methodology. Two calculation optio ns are considered: according to the requirements of the norms and when using a stepped diagram of lateral pressure. In the study, the soil of the embankment was assumed to be sandy with an angle of internal frictionφn = 30º and specific gravity γn = 20 kN/m3. Calculations were carried out for the following base soils: silty sand with an angle of internal friction φn = 26º and specific gravity γn = 19 kN/m3; fine sand at φn = 34º and γn = 19.6 kN/m3 and coarse sand at φn = 43º and γn = 21 kN/m3. Results. It is shown that, in comparison with the results of calculation according to the norms, the lateral pressure and other quantities (lateral pressure force, overturning moment) can vary up to 43 %. In this case, the lateral pressure at the angle of internal friction of the embankment soil exceeding the angle of internal friction of the foundation soil will be greater than the pres-sure obtained according to the norms, and if the angle of internal friction of the embankment soil is less than the angle of internal friction of the foundation, it will be less than the pressure calculated according to the standards. Thus, in some cases, the pier, calculated according to the requirements of the standards, is overloaded, and in other cases it has significant reserves. Values of the lateral pressure are also different at different heights of the pier, which was taken equal to 1; 3; 5; 7; 9; 11 and 13 m. The novelty of the work lies in the need to consider the height of the pier and the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils, both of embankments and foundationswhen determining the lateral pressure. The practical signif-icance involves the fact that in a number of casesit is possible to recommend more economical designs of piers than the calculations according to the requirements of the current standards suggest.
Modeling of cable-stayed bridge and research of frequency characteristics
Authors: Krasnikov Serhii
Published: October 2021

The frequency characteristics of the cablestayed bridge according to several of its schemes are considered. The analysis of the influence on the frequency characteristics of the type of resistance according to different sets is carried out. Among the types of resistance were taken complete whitening, hinge and lack of resistance. Goal. The purpose of the study is to determine the causes of emergencies, including those recorded as road accidents. For this purpose it is offered to carry out the analysis of natural frequencies of the cablestayed bridge on its different types of contact (resistance) with columns. The object of this study is a cablestayed bridge, which has been in operation for 45 years. The bridge is a system of three types of elements: pylon, span and columns. The subject of the study is the spectrum of natural frequencies of the bridge according to its various models. Methodology. The research was performed using the methods of oscillations and finite elements, as well as the methods developed by the author for building models of complex machine-building systems. Results. According to the results of the performed researches, mathematical threedimensional finiteelement models of parts and the whole system of the bridge were made for different types of resistance, natural frequencies for each system were obtained. The conducted research provided grounds for conclusions on concretization of the causes of emergency situations and directions for their avoidance. Originality. Regarding the type of developed models of the cablestayed bridge, we note their uniqueness. Due to the existing personalities of the models used, it is possible to model three states of interaction of parts of the system. To conduct a study with a high degree of reliability of the real model, you need to have available data on the types of connections of its elements. This is possible with the help of unique author’s methods of model construction and use of universal possibilities of the finite element method. Research of the bridge by other methods did not allow to solve the set tasks on emergence of emergency situations. Practical value. The results of the work have a direct practical application. Based on the results of the work, a conclusion was made on measures to increase the troublefree operation of the system and measures to avoid the occurrence of an emergency situation.
Analysis of operation of reinforced concrete beam under thermal exposure
Authors: Ihnatenkо Andrii , Synkovska Olena
Published: October 2021

This article studies the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete beams with steel sheet of different thickness under exposure to nearfire temperature. The obtained data are analyzed and the conclusions of the operation of an investigated structure under thermal exposure are made. Problem. The magnitude of the thermal stresses during heating can be quite high and can cause cracks in structures or even their destruction at either low or zero operating loads. The objective is to develop a methodology for calculating the design of reinforced concrete beams to withstand high thermal power effects. Tosolve the question posed, the methodology of mathematical models was used with the help of the developed finite element schemes. Based on the results of the study, the temperature dependences were determined at different points of the cross-section of the reinforced concrete beams under standard fire conditions. The fire resistance boundaries of the beams, which are the object of the study, have been determined. Results: the article presents the original method of calculation of reinforced concrete beams at different thicknesses of steel sheet, developed in accordance with the existing methodological and regulatory framework in the EU countries; section heating curves have been built, whose analysis shows the presence of a specific "shelf", when the temperature remains constant for some time and equal to 100°C, which confirms the adequacy of the thermal conductivity model, as it can consider the phenomenon of intense evaporation of moisture from concrete pores; fire resistance on three identical beams, whose difference lies in the thickness of the steel plate, has been studied and a maximum deflection to the standard fire time curve has been built; the limits of fire resistance of the investigated beams are determined, which show the very close limits of fire resistance of beams that differ within 3 minutes. The duration and high cost of fire tests of construction the structures determine the practical value of calculation methods for assessing the fire resistance of both individual loadbearing elements and structures in general in the design of new and reconstruction of existing civil and industrial structures.
Ultrasound Guided Brachiocephalic Vein Cannulation using Supraclavicular Approach
Authors:   Padjajaran University, Indonesia, Chandra Kris , Kurniawan M. Budi
Published: October 2021

The need of central vein cannulation has been increased since the increased case of critical patients and patients underwent high-risk patients. Supraclavicular approach of central vein cannulation is an alternative approach to central vein cannulation due to fewer anatomical variance, good longitudinal vein view, better visualization of needle during procedure, clear demarcation of landmarks, larger target area, better patient comfort, and fewer complications. This case study presents an ultrasound guided central vein cannulation using supraclavicular approach in 30 year old male patient diagnosed with septic shock, anemia, trombcytopenia, and electrolyte imbalance post laparotomy. The indication of central vein cannulation in the patient was to deliver volume resuscitation, to provide emergency vein access, to provide nutritional support, to deliver chemically caustic agents, and central vein pressure monitoring.
PENTINGNYA CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN UNTUK MEMINIMALISIR VIRUS COVID 19
Authors: nugroho Nur rahman
Published: October 2021

Cara mengantisipasi peningkatan penyebaran dan jumlah infeksi, masyarakat dihimbau untuk melakukan pola hidup sehat baru sesuai protokol kesehatan salah satunya dengan menjaga kebersihan dengan mencuci tangan dengan sabun. Dalam kehidupan sehari hari mungkin ada Sebagian masyarakat yang mengabaikan pentingnya cuci tangan dengan sabun sebagai salah satu pencegahan virus covid 19
Muh Dwi Julianggara (90100119159)
Authors: Julianggara Muh Dwi
Published: October 2021

Mudharabah adalah akad kerja sama pemilik modal dan pengelola modal dimana keuntungan dan kerugian dibagi berdasarkan kesepakatan oleh beberapa pihak yang terlibat. Musyarakah adalah akad kerjasama dua pihak atau lebih untuk berserikat dalam modal serta keuntungan dan kerugian yang diperoleh dibagi berdasarkan kesepakatan secara proporsional. Rukun dan Syarat Akad Mudharabah adalah hal yang penting dan harus kita pahami apa apa saja itu Rukun dan Syaratnya
Metopel
Authors: Aidin Athifah Idnan Tsabitha
Published: October 2021

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public LicenseBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.
Hak dan Kewajiban Untuk Mempertahankan Serta Meningkatkan Kualitas Kesehatan Masyarakat Melalui PHBS
Authors: Ningrum Rossa Widhiya
Published: October 2021

Pembangunan bidang kesehatan pada dasarnya ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, kemauan dan kemampuan hidup sehat bagi setiap orang untuk mewujudkan derajat kesehatan yang optimal sebagai salah satu unsur kesejahteraan sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 1945. Kondisi umum kesehatan Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan, perilaku, dan pelayanan kesehatan. Keberhasilan pembangunan kesehatan sangat ditentukan oleh kesinambungan antar upaya program dan sektor, serta kesinambungan dengan upaya-upaya yang telah dilaksanakan dalam periode sebelumnya. Kualitas kesehatan merupakan tingkat baik dan buruknya keadaan dari badan maupun jiwa. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan bisa dilakukan dengan melaksanakan PHBS (Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat). Tujuan utama dari gerakan PHBS adalah meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan melalui proses penyadartahuan yang menjadi awal dari kontribusi individu – individu dalam menjalani perilaku kehidupan sehari – hari yang bersih dan sehat.
How Quarks can be derived to Weak Interaction and Spin Classification with respect to the Pauli Exclusion
Authors: Nayak Ayan
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we will strive to derive how quarks relate to spin classification and weak interactions with respect to the Pauli exclusion principle. Papers such as [2] and [3] inspired us to investigate quarks and their connections to weak interaction and spin classification. Being able to understand the inner workings of quarks would help scientists understand how physics work at the smallest level. By deriving it to contemporary physics concepts such as weak interaction, it would allow us to understand how very recent discoveries such as quarks work in the presence of interactions not designed for them. We will present research that attempt to construct how quarks work in weak interactions and prove how quarks play a crucial part in spin classification through using quark models that show why quarks are constrained by the Pauli exclusion principle and tables that show how they affect spin classification through their own properties and spin identifiers. Understanding these interactions will help contribute to every physicist always growing understanding of quarks and will help integrate modeling into the studying of quarks. Quarks are a crucial part of physics at the smallest level and this paper will contribute to knowledge already known and could be used to help other scientists learn more and publish new research about quarks.
Penerapan Konsep Hak dan Kewajiban Peserta BPJS dalam Memperoleh Jaminan Kesehatan
Authors: SARI PUTRI DEVITA
Published: October 2021

Hak merupakan segala sesuatu yang telah melekat pada diri manusia, yang sudah dimiliki dari sejak manusia itu lahir ke dunia dan bersifat mutlak atau tidak dapat diganggu gugat oleh pihak lain, serta tidak dapat dipisahkan dari hakikatnya sehingga sifatnya tetap suci. Kewajiban merupakan segala sesuatu yang harus dilakukan dengan penuh tanggung jawab, dan apabila tidak dikerjakan pasti ada sanksi yang akan diberikan sebagai bentuk penegasan bahwasannya itu adalah hal yang wajib untuk dilakukan. BPJS Kesehatan ( Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial ) Kesehatan merupakan badan hukum publik yang bertanggung jawab langsung kepada Presiden dan memiliki tugas untuk menyelenggarakan jaminan kesehatan nasional bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Dalam program ini, peserta BPJS Kesehatan tidak lain adalah semua penduduk Indonesia, wajib hukumnya menjadi peserta jaminan kesehatan yang dikelola oleh BPJS termasuk orang asing yang telah bekerja paling singkat enam bulan di Indonesia dan telah membayar iuran. Kepesertaan BPJS Kesehatan bersifat wajib. Meskipun yang bersangkutan sudah memiliki Jaminan Kesehatan lain.
PENGARUH ROKOK BAGI PARU-PARU DAN KANKER
Authors: Junior moh. Diego Jaya
Published: October 2021

Rokok adalah salah satu permasalahan nasional bahkan telah menjadi permasalahan internasional yang telah ada sejak revolusi industri. Rokok merupakan salah satu penyumbang terbesar penyebab kematian yang sulit dicegah dalam masyarakat. Kandungan senyawa penyusun rokok yang dapat mempengaruhi pemakai adalah golongan alkaloid yang bersifat perangsang (stimulant), antara lain: nikotin, nikotirin, anabasin, myosmin. Kebiasaan merokok yang bersifat adiktif dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya sifat egois dari para perokok, hal ini dapat terlihat dari kebiasaan merokok di depan umum dan ditempat-tempat terbuka (fasilitas umum). Pembentukan karakter seseorang dipengaruhi oleh faktor organis dan faktor non-organis, dimana faktor organis dibentuk oleh faktor genetik dan integritas kerja sistem organ tubuh misalnya, otak. Sedangkan faktor non-organis berhubungan dengan faktor lingkungan dimana seseorang itu bermukim. Berbagai pengaruh rokok terhadap kesehatan manusia, antara lain: menyebabkan penyakit jantung koroner, trombosis koroner, kanker, bronkitis atau radang cabang tenggorok, dan kematian pada janin. Selain itu efek lain bagi kesehatan yang ditimbulkan karena merokok antara lain: wajah keriput, gigi berbercak dan nafas bau, lingkungan menjadi bau, menjadi contoh yang buruk bagi anak, menjadi gerbang penggunaan obat-obatan terlarang.
Examining the associations between parent concerns and school-age children’s language and reading abilities: A comparison of samples recruited for in-school vs. online participation.
Authors: Chan Jessica , Adlof Suzanne , Duff Dawna , Mitchell Alexis , Ragunathan Maalavika , Ehrhorn Anna
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To examine the relationship between parent concerns about children’s oral language, reading, and related skills and their children’s performance on standardized assessments of language and reading, with a particular focus on whether those relationships differed between children recruited for in-school versus remote participation. Methods: This study used data from a larger, longitudinal project focused on children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD) and/or dyslexia. The “in-school” sample (n = 133) completed assessments in-person before the COVID-19 school closures, and the “remote” sample (n = 84) recruited via advertisements completed all assessments online. Parents completed a checklist of concerns regarding language and literacy development, attention and executive functions. All children completed norm-referenced assessments of language and reading.Results: The two recruitment strategies yielded samples that differed in racial diversity (higher in the in-school sample), caregiver education levels and financial resources (higher in the remote sample), and word reading test scores (higher in the remote sample). Parents in both samples reported higher levels of concerns about literacy skills than oral language skills, and the correlation between parent concerns about literacy and children’s word reading test scores was stronger than the correlation between parent concerns about oral language and children’s language test scores. We did not find higher level of concerns or a higher correlation between concerns and reading and language performance in the remote sample than the in-school sample.Conclusions: Researchers should be aware of the impact of different recruitment strategies on sample attainment. Referral models that rely on parent and teacher concerns about oral language to prompt a language evaluation may contribute to low rates of identification of children who meet criteria for DLD. Future research can consider parent concerns about literacy, attention, and executive functions as indicators of a need for language evaluation, especially considering the high comorbidity between language and other developmental disorders.
Task 2_Yangriani_2301914831
Authors: Yangriani
Published: October 2021

Secara Teoritis orientasi pasar dan inovasi merupakan kapabilitas perusahaan yang dapat mendorong perusahaan untuk mencapai peningkatan kinerja. Maka dari itu perusahaan harus terus berupaya eningkatkan orientasi pasar dengan lebih memehami kebutuhan dan kepuasan pelanggan, meningkatkan inovasi, merupakan inovasi yang tidak dapat dikejar oleh competitor. Dengan begitu, perusahaan memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan.
Jual Beli Kredit Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Putri Kharisma , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan jual beli kredit dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam yang dibangun berdasarkan penafsiran ayat-ayat yang menjadi sumber dan landasan ekonomi Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan metode penafsiran maudu‘i (tematik) dan metode penafsiran tahlili (analitik). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hukum kebolehan (mubah) jual beli kredit berdasarkan dengan keumuman jual beli dalam Surat Al-Baqarah Ayat 275 dengan batasan-batasan syar’i yaitu harga yang disepakati dan pencatatan transaksi sesuai dengan Surat An-Nisaa ayat 29 dan Al-Baqarah Ayat 282
Manfaat. Madu bagi kesehatan
Authors: putri Regina anindya
Published: October 2021

Awal tahun 2020 dunia digegerkan dengan berita mewabahnya penyakit yang disebut corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) yang mulai merebak di Wuhan, Cina. Tidak disangka, dalam waktu 4 bulan wabah yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV2 ini sudah menjangkau seluruh dunia (213 negara, area, atau teritori), termasuk Indonesia (data per April 2020). Di seluruh dunia penyakit ini sudah menginfeksi sekitar hampir 2 juta orang dengan kematian mencapai lebih dari 100 ribu kasus. Bila dilihat, kematian akibat  lebih banyak terjadi pada pasien lanjut usia. Selain itu, keparahan COVID-19 juga lebih banyak dijumpai pada individu-individu yang sedang atau pernah memiliki riwayat penyakit diabetes, jantung dan penyakit kronis lainnya. Yang menarik, tidak semua pasien COVID-19 menunjukkan gejala, atau hanya menunjukkan gejala yang ringan saja. Hal ini diduga akibat perbedaan kekuatan sistem imun tubuh, dimana pada usia dewasa muda, sistem imun lebih kuat daripada pasien usia lanjut (1).Penyakit akibat virus memang pada umumnya merupakan ‘self-limiting disease’ yang mengandalkan kekuatan pertahanan tubuh. Karena itu telah banyak dikampanyekan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh untuk mencegah tertularnya infeksi virus, dan kalaupun tertular, tubuh akan kuat melawannya. Seperti apa sebenarnya sistem pertahanan tubuh manusia itu dan bagaimana ia bekerja?. Kajian ini akan membahas bagaimana sistem imun/pertahanan tubuh kita bekerja pada kondisi normal dan kondisi terserang virus, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sistem imun, serta makanan, minuman atau obat-obatan yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkannya.
Pemenuhan dan pemeliharaan hak atas orang berganguan mental
Authors: rahayu rindia agusta
Published: October 2021

Kesehatan sebagai hak asasi manusia dan sebagai kondisi yang diperlukan untuk Terpenuhinya hak-hak lain yang diakui secara Internasioal. Dalam konstitusi Indonesia Pasal 28 H ayat(1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 telah menjelaskan Bahwa kesehatan adalah hak manusia yang harus dipenuhi. Negara bertanggung Jawab atas fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan fasilitas pelayanan umum yang layak.Rumah Sakit sebagai institusi pelayanan kesehatan melaksanakan fungsi Pelayanan publik yang sangat vital bagi kehidupan seseorang. Setiap manusia Membutuhkan pelayanan, bahkan dapat dikatakan pelayanan tidak dapat Dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Dalam hal ini rumah sakit melaksanakan Kegiatan pelayanan kesehatan, yang meliputi kegiatan atau aktivitas profesional di Bidang pelayanan preventif dan kuratif untuk kepentingan pasien. Penegakan Hukum administrasi memiliki ruang lingkup yang meliputi penegakan hukum Administrasi preventif dan penegakan hukum administrasi represif.
konsep Harga Dalam Islam
Authors: ainiyyah Fadillah adella
Published: October 2021

catatan terkait dengan konsep uang dalam islam
HAK DAN KUWAJIBAN MENANGANI PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA
Authors: DEWI DINASTI AYU TUNGGAL
Published: October 2021

Seluruh masyarakat dunia sepakat bahwa hak atas kesehatan merupakan hak dasar (Fundamental Right) yang dimiliki oleh setiap manusia. Hak atas kesehatan yang sebelumnya dipandang hanya sekedar urusan pribadi terkait dengan nasib atau karunia Tuhan, kini telah mengalami pergeseran paradigma yang sangat besar menjadi suatu hak hukum (legal rights) yang tentunya dijamin oleh negara. Di tengah pandemi Covid-19 yang telah menyebar hampir ke seluruh wilayah Indonesia, Pemerintah harus sigap mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan strategis agar dapat menjalankan kewajibannya untuk senantiasa menjamin terpenuhinya hak atas kesehatan bagi seluruh masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Pemerintah terlalu lamban mengambil tindakan antisipatif maupun mitigasi dalam menanggulangi pandemi corona. Pada akhirnya Pemerintah menetapkan status Darurat Kesehatan Masyarakat dan memilih Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar sebagai opsi untuk merespons Kedaruratan Kesehatan Masyarakat, disamping Pemerintah juga tetap harus memperhatikan sektor ekonomi dan fiskal sesuai kondisi dan kemampuan negara.
Pengaruh Narkoba Bagi Remaja dan Pelajar
Authors: Hayyun Naufal Aditya Syam
Published: October 2021

Berumur ini narkoba telah menjadi momok bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah sebagai sesuatu yang sangat membahayakan. Penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap narkotika, psikotropika dan bahan berbahaya lainnya( narkoba) dengan berbagai implikasi dan dampak negatifnya merupakan suatu permasalahan global yang mengancam kehidupan masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. Bersumber pada permasalahan tersebut pembinaan hukum serta penyuluhan hukum di kalangan remaja perlu dilakukan supaya remaja bisa lebih paham serta mempunyai daya tangkal terhadap narkoba. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan dedikasi pada masyarakat ini dalam bentuk penyuluhan hukum tentang penangkalan penyalahgunaan Narkotika serta pendekatan partisipatif artinya para peserta dituntut aktif dalam mengikuti Sepanjang kegiatan berlangsung. Kompetensi yang hendak dibentuk ditandai dengan penanda Peningkatan pengetahuan peserta tentang penangkalan penyalahgunaan narkotika serta Perubahan perilaku dalam berpartisipasi dalam penangkalan penyalahgunaan narkotika. Narkotika serta psikotropika merupakan persoalan kritis serta pelik yang tidak dapat diselesaikan hanya oleh satu bagian. Sebab narkotika serta psikotropika bukan cuma permasalahan orang namun juga melibatkan bagian lama baik di lingkungan pemerintahan, organisasi non keberpihakan ataupun masyarakat sekitar. Penangkalan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba merupakan upaya yang dilakukan terhadap sebagian aspek yang mempengaruhi baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung guna mengubah kepercayaan, metode serta sikap remaja terhadap penggunaan narkotika serta psikotropika.
penyalagunaan Obat Resep Narkotika Terjangkau Di Kalangan Anak Muda
Authors: MANEK MARIA VALENTINA NAHAK
Published: October 2021

Penyalahgunaan narkoba di Indonesia semakin meningkat dan permasalahan yang ditimbulkan juga semakin kompleks. Kejahatan narkoba merupakan kejahatan lintas negara (transnational crime), terorganisir (organized crime), dan serius (serious crime) yang dapat menimpa berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Masalah penyalahgunaan narkoba di kalangan remaja dan pelajar dapat dikatakan sulit di atasi, karena penyelesaiannya melibatkan banyak faktor dan kerjasama dari semua pihak yang bersangkutan, seperti pemerintah, aparat, masyarakat, media massa, keluarga, remaja itu sendiri. Penyalahgunaan narkoba terjadi karena korban kurang atau tidak memahami apa narkoba itu sehingga dapat dibohongi oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab (pengedar).
The sulfur solubility minimum and maximum in silicate melt
Authors: Hughes Ery , Saper Lee , Liggins Philippa , Stolper Edward
Published: October 2021

The behaviour of sulfur in magmas is complex because it dissolves as both sulfide (S2-) and sulfate (S6+) in silicate melt. An interesting aspect in the behaviour of sulfur is the solubility minima (SSmin) and maxima (SSmax) with varying oxygen fugacity (fO2). We use a simple ternary model (silicate–S2–O2) to explore the varying fO2 paths where these phenomena occur. Both SSmin and SSmax occur when S2- and S6+ are present in the silicate melt in similar quantities due to the differing solubility mechanism of these species. At constant T, a minimum in dissolved total S content (wmST) in vapour-saturated silicate melt occurs along paths of increasing fO2 and either constant fS2 or P; for paths on which wmST is held constant with increasing fO2, the SSmin is expressed as a maximum in P. However, the SSmin is not encountered during closed-system depressurisation in the simple system we modelled. The SSmax occurs when the silicate melt is multiply-saturated with vapour, sulfide melt, and anhydrite. The SSmin and SSmax influence processes throughout the magmatic system, such as mantle melting, magma mixing and degassing, and SO2 emissions; and calculations of the pressures of vapour-saturation, fO2, and SO2 emissions using melt inclusions.
Empathetic Failures of Schadenfreude and Glückschmerz in Social Contexts
Authors: Thomas Edward
Published: October 2021

Despite their evolutionary and social drawbacks, humans (as well as many other animals) tend to wish the best for those they like and associate with while feeling resentful against others. Here, the potential neurological basis behind schadenfreude (pleasure in one’s pain) and glückschmerz (pain in one’s pleasure) and their behavioral implications, especially in social settings, are reviewed and a new wave of conversation in the field to promote the utilization of novel groups in real-world situations to eliminate pre-existing biases, notions, and other potentially confounding factors as well as promote research in glückschmerz as a whole is encouraged to spark new understandings in how schadenfreude and glückschmerz may play out in our day-to-day lives.
Illusory Feelings, Elusive Habits: Explanations of Behavior Overlook Habits
Authors: Mazar Asaf , Wood Wendy
Published: October 2021

Habits underlie much of human behavior. However, people may prefer agentic explanations that overlook habits in favor of inner states such as mood. We tested this misattribution hypothesis in an online experiment of helping behavior as well as an ecological momentary assessment study of college students’ everyday coffee drinking. Both studies revealed a substantial gap between attributed and actual influences on behavior: Habit strength outperformed or matched inner states in predicting behavior, whereas participants’ attributions for their behavior emphasized inner states. Participants continued to overlook habits even when incentivized for accuracy, as well as when making attributions for other people’s behavior. We discuss how this attribution pattern could adversely influence self-regulation.