bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Spent Coffee Grounds in the Community as Supporting Materials for Renewable Energy
Authors: Susilayati Muslimah , Marwoto Putut , Priatmoko Sigit
Published: April 2022

Coffee grounds are a by-product of the coffee brewing process. Currently, coffee grounds in the community are still untapped waste. Whereas spent coffee grounds has the potential to be converted into various high value bio-products that are environmentally friendly. This study aims to characterize coffee grounds waste which is popular in the community as a supporting material for renewable energy. This study uses a comparative method of 3 samples of Arabica coffee grounds (SCG-A), Robusta (SCG-R), and the Arabica-Robusta blend (SCG-AR) from coffee brands that are popular in Indonesian. Quantitative analysis was carried out by comparing the percentage of residual yield of the three samples. Qualitative characterization of coffee grounds was carried out using the FTIR 8300/8700 Spectrophotometer. The results of the three samples showed different rendemen values, namely 70% SCG-A, 60% SCG-R, and 80% SCG-AR. The FTIR test results showed that the three spent coffee grounds had the same functional group characteristics in the frequency range of 650–3900 cm-1. The detection of the hydroxyl functional group (-OH), the asymmetric strain of the CH bond of the methyl group (-CH3), and the stretching vibration of CO in the COH bond found in coffee grounds waste shows its potential as a supporting material for renewable energy if a further process is carried out in the form of pyrolysis/calcination at room temperature. 700◦C. Utilization of spent coffee grounds in the community can be done by establishing a Spent Coffee Grounds Bank (SCG Bank), educating the public so that they are willing to donate spent coffee grounds, and managing SCG as a supporting material for renewable energy.
Development of Scientific Learning Model Based on Local Wisdom of "Piil Pesenggiri" to Improve Process Skills and Character Values of Elementary School Students
Authors: Yanti Fitri April , Sukarelawan Moh. Irma , Thohir M. Anas , Perdana Ryzal
Published: April 2022

This study aims: to produce a learning model based on Local Wisdom Piil Pesenggiri knowledge that has characteristics that can improve the process skills and values of elementary school characters, produce a science learning model based on Piil Pesenggiri Local Wisdom based on appropriate knowledge to improve process skills and values of elementary school character, produce a model of science learning based on Piil Pesenggiri Local Wisdom which is effective for improving the process skills and characters values of elementary school. This research using the ADDIE step of the Research and Development method. The trial subjects included elementary school grade IV students in Lampung Province. Need assessment data is collected by interview, questionnaire, and observation. The feasibility data of the learning model were collected using a validation sheet questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically. This study's results are expected to make the model of learning science-based on local wisdom Piil Pesenggiri can lead to the development of a learning science model on local wisdom in other regions throughout Indonesia. This development is expected to help students be more interested in learning, understanding their own culture, and becoming students who have good character values.
Overview of Teacher Ability Using Core Type Cooperative Model with Blended Learning Method to Increase Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Kasli Elisa , Farhan Ahmad , Susanna Susanna , Herliana Fitria , Wahyuni Sri
Published: April 2022

The low teaching ability of teachers is one of the factors that cause low student learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze the ability of teachers to teach and students' learning completeness. This research is classroom action research. Collecting data using student learning outcomes tests and observation sheets of teacher teaching abilities. Analysis of student learning outcomes test data was carried out using percentage statistics, and observational data on teachers' teaching abilities were analyzed using descriptive assessment scores. The results showed that the teacher's ability to manage to learn has increased in each cycle. In cycle 1, it was included in the poor category, then increased in cycle 2 to be good and increased again in cycle 3 to be better. Student learning outcomes increase in each cycle. Individually in cycle 1,.35% complete their learning. Cycle 2 is 60.00% and cycle 3 is 92.00%. Classical completeness in cycle 1 is 42.00%, cycle 2 is 65.00% and cycle 3 is 85.00%.
Identifikasi Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik Menggunakan E-Modul Berbantuan Liveworksheet Terintegrasi Potensi Lokal Toraja
Authors: Palumpun Normalia Sandy , Wilujeng Insih , Suryadarma I Gusti Putu , Suyanta Suyanta , Syaukani Muhammad Hafizh
Published: April 2022

Kemandirian belajar merupakan aspek yang sangat penting dalam pembelajaran abad 21. Namun, dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya dan juga observasi yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa kemandirian belajar peserta didik masih dalam kategori rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemandirian belajar peserta didik melalui implementasi e-modul berbantuan Liveworksheet terintegrasi potensi lokal Toraja pada materi interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis dan instrument yang digunakan terdiri dari angket kemandirian belajar, pedoman wawancara dan lembar observasi. Teknik spengambilan sampel yang diguanakan adala purposive sampling dengan sampel berjumlah 32 peserta didik SMP Negeri 1 Rantepao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek tidak bergantung pada orang lain mempunyai persentase rata-rata sebesar 62% (sedang), inisiatif sebesar 65% (sedang), disiplin 77% (tinggi), bertanggung jawab sebesar 83% (tinggi), percaya diri sebesar 71% (tinggi), menetapkan tujuan belajar sebesar 67% (sedang), dan evaluasi sebesar 71% (tinggi). Rata-rata keseluruhan kemandirian belajar peserta didik masuk dalam kategori tinggi dengan persentase sebesar 70,85. Penggunaan media pembelajaran sangat penting dalam melatih kemandirian belajar peserta didik, sehingga guru diharapkan lebih inovatif dalam menggunakan sumber belajar interaktif yang digunakan.
EFFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN INOVASI METODE FIELD STUDY DENGAN REAL TIME REPORT BERBANTU MIND MAPPING PADA MATERI EKOSISTEM TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA CALON GURU IPA
Authors: Kerans Geterudis
Published: April 2022

Efektivitas secara umum menunjuk pada seberapa jauh suatu tujuan yang telah ditentukan dapat tercapai. Agar tujuan dapat dicapai kita harus mampu memberikan inovasi yang tepat dalam suatu proses pembelajaran. Inovasi pembelajaran itu sendiri merupakan interaksi antara seperangkat praktek, metode dan desain yang kompleks yang merupakan bagian dari upaya yang dilakukan pada pendidikan tinggi untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengajaran dan pembelajarannya. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menerapkan inovasi Real Time Report pada pelaksanaan Field Study berbantu mind mapping. Tujuan dari inovasi metode ini adalah 1) Melalui Inovasi Real Time Report pada Field Study, mahasiswa dapat melaporkan hasil pengamatannya secara langsung dan mendapatkan masukan pada waktu yang bersamaan sehingga proses di lapangan lebih terarah. 2) Melalui Mind Mapping, mahasiswa dapat menghubungkan gambar hasil field study dengan konsep yang dimiliki dengan tepat. 3) mengetahui Efektivitas penerapan inovasi Metode yang diterapkan terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa calon guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan one group pretest-postest design. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa penerapan metode Field Study dengan inovasi berupa Real time report berbantu mind Mapping Efektif dalam membelajrkan Ekosistem.
Identify Hydrostatic Misconceptions Using Four Tier Diagnostic Tests With the Help of iSpring Suite 9
Authors: Rismaningsih Febri , Nurhafsari Asri
Published: April 2022

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Analysis of Difficulties in Logical Thinking Ability in Learning Natural Science Faced by Students of Elementary Education
Authors: Fitria Yanti , Malik Adam
Published: April 2022

Logical thinking is analyzing a situation and coming up with a reasonable solution. It is crucial because it can help a person reason through crucial decisions, solve problems, generate creative ideas, and set goals to be achieved, all of which are needed to develop self-competence. This study aims to explain students' difficulties in logical thinking ability in elementary education on a natural science course. This study is qualitative using the literature review technique about students' difficulties in logical thinking. The results of the analysis have shown that the difficulties faced by students in developing logical thinking ability are in determining alternatives for the problems given; choosing and solving problems in natural science given by lecturers, and in students to understand. The causes of students having difficulties in developing logical thinking are not used to solving problems in natural science that need logical thinking. In addition, students are less creative in choosing or looking for the right strategy for the problems given. Finally, students are less thorough in solving problems in natural science
POGIL Model Integrated Flipped Classroom Assisted Learning Management System (LMS) for Learning Solution in ERI 4.0
Authors: Syafei Suci Sukmawati , Mawardi Mawardi
Published: April 2022

The use of technology in learning is highly demanded during the covid-19 pandemic and the development period of the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0. The right learning model is a challenge that must be solved by educators. The LMS-assisted FGIL model was introduced as an appropriate model used for current and future learning. This development is a type of EDR (Educational Design Research) research with a plomp research model. Lecturers as expert review, and 12 students became the subject of research in this development research. The data obtained in the form of content validity data and media validity was processed using Aiken's V formula, while practicality data was processed with practical percent. Based on the results of the study obtained a value of V for content validity and media validity of 0.88; and 0.91; which is in the valid category. Then the practical results showed a value of 89.00% with a very practical category. So, it can be concluded that the model developed has been valid and practical so that it is worth using in learning
Development of an Integrated E-Module of Scientific Literacy and Video Demonstration Using a Problem-Based Learning Model for High School Students on Acids and Bases
Authors: Yani Yani Puspita , Hardeli Hardeli , Oktavia Budhi , Kurniawati Desy
Published: April 2022

This study aims to develop e-module teaching materials based on problem-based learning integrated scientific literacy and demonstration videos on acid and base materials that are useful for assisting the learning process of students. This research belongs to Educational Design Research (EDR) with the Plomp development model. The research tools used are interview forms, validity, and practicality questionnaires. The electronic module is verified by six verifiers, Including three lecturers and chemistry teachers. The data shows that problem-based learning e-module teaching materials and equipped with scientific literacy along with demonstration videos are needed. The data were analyzed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), the Aikens'V formula, and the percentage of practicality. Analysis of the validity questionnaire data showed an average CVR score of 1 (for content validity) and Aikens' V average score of 0.88 (for construct validity). Analysis of the practicality questionnaire data showed an average score of 90% and 89% (for small group and field test practicalities). The data analysis shows that the e-module has a high level of validity and practicality. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed electronic module teaching materials based on problem learning integrated scientific literacy and demonstration videos are valid and practical.
Pengaruh Media Gamification dalam Jaringan terhadap Hasil Belajar dan Sikap Berpikir dalam Belajar
Authors: Musnidar Lia , Halim A. , Huda Ismul , Syukri Muhammad , Kasli Elisa
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Gamification meerupakan salah yang mengemplementasi konsep game pada konteks non-game untuk menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang menyenangkan. Gamification memiliki desain yang bervariasi salah satunya crossword dan memiliki aspek berpoin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media gamification dalam jaringan terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental dengan Non-Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design dengan teknik random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui data nilai rapor semester ganjil, postes serta angket. Analisis data hasil belajar dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil postes dan diuji signifikan dengan uji beda dua rata-rata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar pada uji beda dua rata-rata pretes kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol diperoleh thitung > ttabel yaitu 1,88 > 1,68, sedangkan angket ATTLS (CK) diperoleh 14,69 > 1,68, dan angket ATTLS (SK) diperoleh 4,86 > 1,68. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa penerapan media gamification dalam jaringan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
Genetic Variability of Galoba Durian (Amomum spp) Center Mollucas and North Halmahera Based on RAPD
Authors: Peilouw Katerina Jagagura , Hiariej Adriana , Pesik Anneke
Published: April 2022

Galoba Durian is one of the endemic flora of Maluku, which is used as a medicinal plant and essential oil with red and green fruit colors. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation of Galoba Durian in Central Maluku and North Halmahera based on the molecular marker of RAPD. This study began with a survey of sampling, isolation, and amplification of DNA using five RAPD primers. The results showed that all DNA bands were polymorphic as many as 67 with genetic similarity ranging from 20% - 31%, which grouped four samples into two groups. The first group is red Galoba Durian from North Halmahera (S1), red (S3) and green (S4) from Central Maluku, while the second group is green Galoba Durian from North Halmahera (S2).
Fermentation Process of Dry Cocoa Beans through Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Magnetic Field Exposure
Authors: Sudarti Sudarti , Hariyati Yuli , Sari Ariza Budi Tanjung , Sumardi Sumardi , Muldayani Wahyu
Published: April 2022

Several studies have found and proved that exposure to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic fields can cause the proliferation of cells or bacteria. Meanwhile, bacteria play an essential part in the fermentation process. Thus, this study aims to examine the fermentation process of non-fermented dry cocoa beans using Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposure. The sample of this study was 30 kg of non-fermented dry cocoa beans divided into 10 sample bags of 3kg each and grouped into 4. The control group (K) consisted of 1 bag while the rest bags were divided into 3 sample bags exposed to an ELF magnetic field with intensities of 100 μT (E-100), 200 μT (E-200), and 300 μT (E-300). ELF magnetic field exposure was carried out at the beginning of the fermentation process with variation in the exposure time of 15 , 45 , and 75 minutes. During the fermentation process, temperature measurements were conducted. Moreover, moisture content measurements were also conducted during the drying process in the sun for up to 3 days. At last, measurements of pH and alcohol content were carried out on dried cocoa beans. The findings showed that there was no significant temperature change (p > 0.05) during the fermentation process. A decrease in the moisture content of cocoa beans during the drying process was proven to be faster in the sample group exposed to the ELF magnetic field compared to those in the control group. The alcohol and pH of dried cocoa beans from the sample group exposed to the ELF magnetic field were significantly higher than those in control (p <0.05). The highest alcohol content was found in the sample group which was exposed to the intensity of the ELF of 200 μT for 45 minutes. Conclusion: Exposure to ELF magnetic fields can increase the fermentation activity of dry cocoa beans. This indicates that exposure to ELF magnetic fields in the fermentation process of cocoa beans might improve the quality of non-fermented dry cocoa beans.
Prediction of Extreme Temperature in South Sumatra and Its Applications at The End of The 21st Century
Authors: Akhsan Hamdi , Romadoni Muhammad , Ariska Melly
Published: April 2022

This study examines trends and variations in extreme temperature indices in Palembang for the period 1980-2020. They are using data from the Indonesian Agency for Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysics, namely the Palembang Climatology Station and the Sultan Mahmud Baharudin II Meteorological Station from the 1981-2020 period, which were analyzed according to the rules of the Expert Team for Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). The results obtained based on the analysis showed that the average maximum temperature index (TMAXmean) and the minimum temperature average index (TMINmean) increased significantly with Z values ​​= 5.21 and 7.10. Based on the correlation analysis between time and extreme temperature index, it is possible to predict the occurrence of TMAXmean and TMINmean for the end of the 21st century, namely in 2100 with a value of TMAXmean = 36.1℃ and TMINmean 25.7℃. The TMAXmean event also has a very close correlation with the total area of ​​Forest and Land Fires, as well as the contribution of Greenhouse Gases ( ) in this region. So, it can be concluded that reducing the rate of increase in TMAXmean and TMINmean can be done by not burning forests and land so that the contribution of GHG ( ) to the atmosphere is reduced
Implementation Of Macromedia Flash-Based Parabola Virtual Practicum Application in Growing Science Process Skills During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wiyanto Eko , Suyatna Agus , Ertikanto Chandra
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the implementation of a virtual parabolic motion practicum based on macromedia flash on the growth of students' science process skills. The research was carried out at SMA Negeri 2 Bandar Lampung, with a population of all students in class X MIPA, and a sample of class X MIPA 1 as many as 36 students with purposive sampling technique. By using a research design that is one group pretest-posttest. The data analysis technique used is the normality test, the two related sample test, and the N-Gain test. The results showed that there was a difference between the average pretest and posttest values of 7.00 with an N-Gain score of 0.2 with low criteria. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the implementation of a virtual parabolic motion practicum based on macromedia flash has an effect on growing Science Process Skills in students
Development of STEM-Based Digital Handouts for Nuclear Physics Introduction Courses During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Murniati Murniati , Fathurrohman Apit , Letari Yurindah
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused changes in the world educational system. The pandemic caused a rapid transition from face-to-face lectures to online lectures. The times of the Covid-19 pandemic or what is often called “the New Normal", are still ongoing today. Online lectures are expected not to reduce the Program Studi’s Graduate Learning Outcomes (GLO) of a course or not to reduce competencies that must be mastered by students. Lecturers as course supervisors must try to facilitate the student learning process with valid, and easy-to-use teaching materials. To meet the needs of these students, first, we must know the student's responses to the teaching materials, so that it can facilitate independent learning in students during these pandemic times. This research is developmental research that aims to produce digital handouts that can be accessed via cellphones or laptops and can be accessed both online and offline situations. The development model chosen in this research is the Rowntree model with Tessmer formative evaluation. The data was obtained through online questionnaires created in the google form and given to lecturers or students. The results showed that 100% of students had difficulties in learning nuclear physics introduction materials independently and 86% of them requested that the teaching materials should be provided with pictures, animations, and videos. Based on the needs analysis above, we develop a valid and practical STEM-based digital handout teaching materials about nuclear physics introduction
Identification of Students' and Teachers' Misconception on Energy in North Central Timor Regency
Authors: Shidik Muhammad Amran , Tae Lidwina Felisima
Published: April 2022

This study aims to identify the misconception in the students as well as the teachers on the same topic, namely Energy. This study used mixed-method research of sequential exploratory type with the research subjects of the teachers and the students in North Central Timor Regency with a sample size of 163 students and 12 physics teachers. The misconception data was obtained by giving a misconception test in the form of a multiple-choice question. There were 12 questions with 5 answer choices which were equipped with CRI (Certainty of Response Index). The results showed that the percentage of students' misconceptions for the whole question (12 items) was quite large, namely 43.66%, while students who had a good understanding of the concept were 38.80%. Nearly 18% of students did not understand the concept while 4.24% were just guessing and lucky (Lucky Guess) while the remaining 13.29% were the total students who did not understand the concept of the questions at all. Meanwhile, of the teachers, an average of 77.08% have mastered the concept of Energy. However, as many as 22.92% of the teachers had the misconception on several questions, namely (question number 5,6,7,8,9,10, and 12) with the most misconceptions on question number 7, 10, and 5. The conclusion obtained was that the misconception found in physics teachers was 22.92%. For the students, there was still a large portion of them who had misconceptions about the topic of Energy. This was caused by the lack of students' understanding of the topic of Energy
Learning the Biology of Nyale Worms by A Video-Assisted Scientific Approach to Improve Critical Thinking Skills for Senior High School Students in Mataram
Authors: Handayani Baiq Sri , Bachtiar Imam , Bahri Syamsul , Japa Lalu
Published: April 2022

The research was carried out with the aim of knowing the effectiveness of the video-assisted scientific approach on students' critical thinking skills. The study used a quasi-experimental method. The research was carried out on high school students in the city of Mataram with a total sample of 323 as the research sample. Data Inferential analysis with Analysis of Covariance (ANACOVA) followed by Least Significance Difference (LSD), was used to test the research hypothesis. The results showed that the learning approach had a significant effect on learning activities with an F hit value of 60.37. The scientific approach is not significantly different from the video-assisted scientific approach, but is significantly different from the conventional approach with a mean value of 62.17 for video-assisted scientific approaches and an average of 64.69 and a conventional approach of 47.48. The video-assisted scientific approach improves students' critical thinking skills.
CinQASE E-module: Its Effectiveness to Improve Senior High School Students’ Physics Learning Outcomes
Authors: Hunaidah M , Erniwati Erniwati , Mahdiannur Muhamad Arif
Published: April 2022

One of the many digital technologies to actualize the digital learning environment is to provide e-modules based on collaboration in questioning, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating (CinQASE) learning model. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the CinQASE e-module to improve students' learning outcomes in 10th grade in several Senior High Schools in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study implemented design-based research with a three-group pretest-posttest design. 85 students in the 10th grade participated in this study. The research subjects consist of three classes. Each class will use the CinQASE e-modules with different concepts. These concepts were Work and Energy, Momentum and Impulse, and Circular Motion. The differences in learning outcomes will be tested and evaluated based on the t-test. The results of the data analysis showed the normalized gain in the medium category, and the differences in learning outcomes showed a significance level (0.000) < 0.05 for all classes. Consistently implementing the CinQASE e-module can improve physics learning outcomes for all class groups with Sig. (0.161) > 5%. Hence, the CinQASE e-module had the potential to be used in physics classrooms and improve senior high school students’ learning outcomes
Development of Local Wisdom-Based Chemistry Modules to Improve Students' Science Process Skills
Authors: Tahya Dominggus , Dahoklory Franklin Stevan , Dahoklory Sendry Richard
Published: April 2022

Process skills are essential skills that must be possessed in the chemistry learning process. It is because science process skills are needed in conducting scientific investigations. This study aimed to develop a chemistry subject module based on local wisdom and its effectiveness in improving students' science process skills. The research subjects were 30 eleventh grade senior high school students. This development research used the Borg and Gall model (2003), which adapts the Dick and Carey model, named Instructional System Design which includes ten stages of development. The product of this research and development is a chemistry subject module for the subject of colloid systems. Furthermore, the developed module received a validation test using a questionnaire given to experts and users to determine its feasibility in learning. The results of feasibility validation by learning media experts obtained a percentage of 100%, by chemists on the chemical material presented in the module content of 91%, by chemistry learning experts with a percentage of 82.50%, by 10 students with a percentage of 91.43%. Thus, the module developed is very feasible to be used in learning. After getting validation, the science process skills test results were analyzed on the initial and final tests using the Normalized Gain (N-gain) technique to determine its effectiveness in improving students' science process skills. Data analysis was obtained through one group pre-test and post-test design. Then, the results of the N-gain analysis of 0.74 are categorized as "High." It means that there is an increase in students' science process skills after applying the module. Thus, it can be concluded that the chemistry subject module is suitable for use in learning and affects the effectiveness of learning because it can effectively improve students' science process skills
Authors: Elecevani Dini Marhaeni , Purnamaningsih Retno Wigajatri
Published: April 2022

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Knowledge, Beliefs, and Attitudes of Junior High School Students in Palembang Towards Climate Change Issues
Authors: Chairunnisa Chairunnisa , Sriyanti Ida , Meilinda Meilinda , Aisyah Nyimas , Ismet Ismet
Published: April 2022

Climate change is one of the most pressing problems at all levels of government around the world, threatening the global economy as well as the very existence of planet earth. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of Palembang City junior high school students on climate change. The research method used is qualitative research. Data were obtained through questionnaires. There were 744 junior high pupils in the study, ranging in age from 11 to 16. The results showed that students' initial knowledge about climate change was 65.73%, students' beliefs about the causes and impacts of climate change were 65.50%, and students' attitudes to mitigating climate change were 69.50%. Students' beliefs about climate change opinions are also influenced by the contribution of the general media by 34.50%.
STEM Education Implementation to Enhance Student Learning Outcomes in Optics Concept
Authors: Azhar Azhar , Irawan Dedi , Ramadhan Khaikal
Published: April 2022

This paper reports the implementation of the STEM learning strategy to the 20 physics students on optical physics concepts. Previously, student understanding on this subject was categorized as weak, this was caused by not only learning just carried out theoretically but also the student's limitation to figure out the optical phenomenon. This research is to identify the student learning outcomes before and after STEM implementation by using simple experimental work with a set of pre-test and post-test. The calculation results show that the student's outcome has a medium enhancement which is about 0.53. Certainly, a Stem learning strategy is a good choice as a teaching strategy in the Optical Physics subject.
Development of Learning Media for Wave Ripple Tanks with the Implementation of Guided Inquiry Models on Students' Mastery of Concepts and Scientific Creativity
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Doyan Aris , Harjono Ahmad
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop learning media for wave ripple tanks with the implementation of guided inquiry models on the conceptualization and creativity of students in physics subjects in class XI with the material of mechanical wave characteristics. The wave ripple tank learning media is used as a tool in the learning process that can improve students' mastery of concepts and creativity. This study uses the Research and Development method with a 4D design (Define, Design, Development, Disseminate). At the defining stage, the initial analysis was carried out, namely examining the background behind the emergence of researchers' ideas. The design stage is carried out by designing the wave ripple tank learning media with the implementation of guided inquiry models. The development stage is a development activity as well as an assessment of the experts which includes the validation test of the development results of the device, media ripple tank learning, and assessment instruments. The last stage is the dissemination stage, where the results of this study are distributed to schools to be used as a model that can be used
Strengthening Student Character Education Through Biology Learning in High School
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Jufri A. Wahab , Lestari Tri Ayu
Published: April 2022

Strengthening character education through biology learning is a form of educator action that integrates character education values ​​in planning, implementing, and evaluating biology learning which is carried out intentionally and continuously to strengthen the character values ​​of students. This study aims to develop a character education-oriented biology learning tool and test its effectiveness on understanding character values ​​and mastery of biology concepts for high school students in West Lombok Regency. The method used is a mixed research method, namely development research methods to develop character education-oriented biology learning tools, and experimental methods to test the effectiveness of applying learning tools to understanding character values ​​and mastering biology concepts for high school students. The research sample amounted to 270 students who were determined by purposive random sampling technique. Data collection used research instruments in the form of expert validation sheets, feasibility assessment sheets, tests for understanding the values ​​of character education, and tests for understanding student concepts. The results showed that the character education-oriented biology learning tools were very valid and suitable for use in biology learning in high school. The results of the different concept mastery test are the mean score of the experimental class 69.78; and the mean score of the control class is 65.66 with a mean difference of 2.66. The results of the different test with the t test showed that there was no significant difference between the two mean scores. The results of the different test of understanding the values ​​of students' character education using the t-test obtained a mean experimental class score of 72.76; and the mean score of the control class is 70.10; means difference 2.66. Based on the t value, it was obtained that the mean scores of the experimental class and the mean scores of the control class were not significantly different
Internal quality control of red cell concentrates in a regional blood center.
Authors: Muhammad Ali Rathore  , Mommana Ali Rathore  , Saadiya Mushtaq  , Inaam Qadir Javed Hashmi  , Abdur Rehman Hashmi  , Khadeeja Tul Kubra Hashmi
Published: April 2022

Objective: To assess the quality of the whole blood-derived red cell concentrates by measuring hematocrit. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Regional Transfusion Center in Rawalpindi. Period: February to December 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 390 whole blood-derived red cell concentrates were included using a random sampling technique. These units were evaluated for hematocrit which is a hematological parameter using Sysmex Hematology Analyzer XP 100. The measurement of hematocrit was expressed as the mean range and standard deviation (mean ± SD) using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 390 whole blood-derived red cell concentrates were subjected to quality analysis by measuring the hematocrit. The mean range of hematocrit was found to be 68.4 ± 4.8 g/dL. The hematocrit of 98.7% units was in compliance with standard criteria according to the American Association of blood banks which suggested it to be less than 80%. Conclusion: The results of this study showed an optimum level of conformity of the quality of whole blood-derived Red Cell Concentrates with International Standards.
Fetal and maternal outcomes of trial of Labour with uterine scar.
Authors: Maria Khan  , Humaira Imran  , Tahreem Rasheed  , Gul Fatima  , Taqwa Ferdos  , Muhammad Asim Iqbal Qureshi
Published: April 2022

Objective: To ascertain the vaginal birth rate following the trial of uterine scar and its outcomes. Study Design: Cross-sectional Observational study. Setting: Department of Gynecology Bakhtawar Amin Trust Teaching Hospital Multan. Period: 6th August 2020 to 6th August 2021. Material & Methods: After passing through selection criteria, all enrolled women underwent serial ultrasound including pelvis ultrasound to access scar thickness up to thirty-six gestation weeks. All women were evaluated for baseline investigations, clinical history, and underwent cardiotocography (CTG) which was then followed by a trial of labor (TOL). Women who experienced spontaneous labor after TOL were observed through partogram and intrapartum CTG. All maternal and fetal outcomes were observed. Results: Out of these 80 women, 51 (63.7%) had successfully given birth through the vaginal route while 29 (36.2%) underwent emergency CS following TOL. The majority of enrolled women, 62 (77.5%) had age less than 35 years, 45 (56.2%) had parity 1-4, and 74 (92.5%) had gestation age >36 weeks. 3 (5.8%) women had a history of VBAC and all had parity >4. Among the women with successful VBAC, the majority were younger than 35 years (88.2%), parity less than 4 (62.7%), and all were positive for previous successful VBAC. Postpartum hemorrhage was the most reported maternal complication (3.9%). Three (4.4%) experienced intra-uterine deaths which were the major fetal complications. Conclusion: Trial of vaginal birth following cesarean section could be a preferable option given its association with low fetal and maternal complications and considerable success rate.
Analgesic effect of neoadjuvant denosumab in Grade III giant cell tumor of bone.
Authors: Badaruddin Sahito  , Sana Shahid  , Arsia Hanif  , Nasim Munshi  , Muhammad Soughat Katto  , Azam Kamboh  , Sheikh Muhammad Ebad Ali
Published: April 2022

Objective: To assess the pain relief after denosumab use in grade III giant cell tumor of bone (GCT-B). Study Design: Retrospective Cohort study. Setting: Department of Orthopedic Surgery Dow University of Health Sciences / Dr Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi. Period: 2018 May to 2020 June. Material & Methods: Total 27 patients were included in the study with diagnosis of grade III GCT-B. Patients with Stage I & II excluded from study. Results: After the first dose of Denosumab, 24 (88.9%) patients reported no pain relief while the other 3 (11.1%) patients had mild pain. A second dose of Denosumab was given to these patients. After the second dose, 3 (11.1%) patients scored mild pain and 24 patients had a score of ≥4 on VAS. The pain severity reduced significantly after administration of 2nd dose of Denosumab (p=0.019). Pain severity was remeasured after the third dose of Denosumab where they had VAS of 0 to 6, with inconsistent use of simple analgesics. The pain severity reduced significantly after administration of 3rd dose of Denosumab (p=0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that denosumab have excellent analgesic effect in grade III giant cell tumor of bone. We recommend the use denosumab in perioperative therapy for grade III GCT-B bone and we found analgesic effect as additional one. It may gain some time for patient specially in developing nations where oncology surgery centers are limited. It also reduces the use of NSAIDS during window period of definitive surgery.
To compare the efficacy of 3 days treatment with Nitazoxanide vs 5 days treatment with Metronidazole in treating children with diarrhea caused by Giardia-lamblia.
Authors: Sami ul haq  , Arif Mehmood  , Zahoor ul Haq  , Sadaqat Ali  , Israr Liaquat  , Mulazim Hussain
Published: April 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of 3 days treatment with Nitazoxanide vs 5 days treatment with Metronidazole in treating children with diarrhea caused by Giardia-lamblia. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Study. Setting: Department of Pediatric, Women & Children Hospital MTI Bannu. Period: December 15, 2019 to May 15, 2020. Material & Methods: All 230 children meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study through OPD or emergency. Written informed consent was taken and questionnaire was filled from parents. Complete history and physical examination were done for all included children upon arrival. The patients were divided into two groups. All the children were randomly assigned to either group by lottery method. Group-A was the experimental group and had received Nitazoxanide. Group-B was the control group and had received Metronidazole. The children had received 15 mg/kg/day of Nitazoxanide twice daily for 3 days; or 30 mg/kg/day of Metronidazole thrice daily for 5 days as per group. On follow-up patients were assessed for clinical improvement that is for resolution of diarrhea & Stool sample was collected for the presence of Giardia cysts or trophozoites. Results: Two groups were analyzed after two days of completion of therapy as in Group-A 104 children had resolution of diarrhea while 11 didn’t had resolution. Whereas in Group-B 107 children had resolution of diarrhea while 8 children didn’t had resolution. Conclusion: Nitazoxanide (90%) & Metronidazole (92%) were almost equally effective in treating diarrhea caused by Giardia-lamblia.
Frequency of cleft lip and cleft palate in Pakistan.
Authors: Salman Baig  , Mohammad Farooq Bhutta  , Fatima Pervaiz Hashmi  , Kiran Khan  , Uzma Anam Iqbal  , Zahid Iqbal Bhatti
Published: April 2022

Objective: To find out the prevalence of patients with cleft lips and/or cleft palate and their association with risk factors. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Plastic Surgery Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Center, Karachi. Period: March 2020 to October 2021. Material & Methods: The patients with any age group or gender, who had cleft lip and/or palate were included in the study. The demographic details, personal and family history and clinical examination of the patients were noted on a preformed proforma. The data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean age and standard deviation of the study participants was 41 ± 54 months. Male gender was predominant. History of cousin marriages were positive among 92.1% of the cases and 11.1% were having positive family history with p-value ≤0.05. Majority of cases were having both deformities including cleft lip and cleft palate with frequency of 55.2% while 30.2% of the individuals were suffering from cleft lip deformity. The affected cases of cleft palate were 14.6%. Majority of the study participants were male which predominantly reported bilateral cleft lip in association with cleft palate, followed by deformity of left cleft lip and palate. Among females the cleft palate deformity was more common (10.4%) than their male counterpart but there was no significant association with gender. Conclusion: Cleft deformities are one of the most common congenital anomaly in which the cleft lip associated with cleft palate is more prevalent. Majority of the affected individuals are males and mostly their parents have cousin marriages. Family history is also one of the major contributing factor.
Emanuel A. Schegloff. Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis, Volume 1
Authors: Hollander Matt , Parot Jocelyn
Published: April 2022

EMANUEL A. SCHEGLOFF. Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis, Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.  Pp. 316. ISBN: 978-0-521-53279-2 (paperback); ISBN: 978-0-521-82572-6 (hardback).
Making Dreams
Authors: Espirito Santo Diana
Published: April 2022

In this paper the significance of dreaming and dream communication in Cuba is explored, principally from the point of view of mediums in the Afro-Cuban religious practice of espiritismo in Havana. I suggest that dreams are both continuous with, and epitomize, the experience of mediumship and prophecy,where ‘vision’ is a fundamental trope, and are thus important sources of insight and extended spiritual perspective. In a cosmos where knowledge is both indicative and generative of a spiritual flow, and where its retention on the part of mediumshas physical consequences, salient images and  information received through dreams act as catalysts for the development of spirit mediumship, signaling the inherent porosity of the body as well as the  potential mobility of an individual’s spirit. I also propose that dream knowledge be conceptualized ontologically; specifically, as possessing the agency to  produce certain effects once it is formulated into language. This perspective undercuts purely representationalist views of language, as well as placing the  communicative act in an essential cosmological light.

Keywords: dreams, Afro-Cuban religion, spirit mediumship, knowledge, agency, ontological effects, communication
Steven Vertovec. Transnationalism
Authors: Hirvi Laura
Published: April 2022

STEVEN VERTOVEC. Transnationalism. London and New York: Routledge, 2009. Pp. 205. ISBN: 978-0-415-43298-6 (hardback); ISBN: 978-0-415-43299-3 (paperback).
Henrika Donner. Domestic Goddesses; Maternity, Globalization and Middle-class Identity in Contemporary India
Authors: Tenhunen Sirpa
Published: April 2022

HENRIKA DONNER. Domestic Goddesses: Maternity, Globalization and Middle-class Identity in Contemporary India. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008. Pp. 230. ISBN:978-0-7546-4942-7.
Sovereignty and Violence
Authors: Lounela Anu
Published: April 2022

The article explores the ongoing dispute connected with land rights in the district of Wonosobo, Central Java, within the framework of state formation and sovereignty. It is argued that in many places in Indonesia and Central Java, local landscapes have become sites of violent struggles for sovereignty more broadly. An analytical distinction between modern and traditional forms of power is made and ethnographically explored, but it is argued that, rather than being separate entities, both forms become conflated in the struggle for sovereignty in various spheres, creating hybrid forms of power.

Keywords: dispute, forest landscape, Java, power, sovereignty, state, violence
The Kifaya Generation
Authors: Onodera Henri
Published: April 2022

In this paper, I aim to shed light on the lived experiences of young opposition activists in today’s Egypt. I discuss the emergence of youth-based action groups, such as Youth for Change, since the beginning of 2000s and argue that much of their grievances have to do with wider predicaments and uncertainties that Egyptian youth face in their everyday lives. The activists’ main political assets, however, pertain to a simultaneous engagement on the street—as the physical realm for public dissidence—and the internet—as the primary means and compensation for political communication in authoritarian settings. I suggest, although with reservations, that the activists’ collective actions are better viewed as ‘submerged networks’ rather than through the conventional analytical prisms of civil society and social movement. Furthermore, I argue that while the young activists assume a degree of autonomous political action from the various structures of the existing political establishment, they operate on the margins of larger processes of contentious politics and, at the same time, their social interactions continue to be structured by the prevailing social norms.

Keywords: youth, social movements, political agency, generation, Egypt
An Overview of Rossel Island Exchange
Authors: Liep John
Published: April 2022

FORUM: A DISCUSSION OF JOHN LIEP’S RECENT BOOK, A PAPUAN PLUTOCRACY: RANKED EXCHANGE ON ROSSEL ISLAND (2009)

 

In September 2009 a group of scholars met at Aarhus University, Copenhagen, for the defence of Mag. Scient. John Liep’s doctoral thesis, published by  Aarhus University Press under the title, A Papuan Plutocracy: Ranked Exchange on Rossel Island (2009). The book is the first full-scale modern ethnography of the well-known shell money system on Rossel Island—one of the most complex such systems on record. Liep’s ethnography is very powerful, but more than that, the book is built around an ambitious and unusual critique of notions of reciprocity and the gift economy that are of great general importance. Liep’s three examiners were Joel Robbins, Chris Gregory and Ton Otto. In light of the depth of debate that marked the occasion of the defence, there was a  eneral feeling that the discussion deserved a wider forum. The result is the texts that are published together here.