bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
K-means Clustering, Unsupervised Classification, K-NN, Euclidean Distance, Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Maaeda Mohsin Rashid
Published: April 2023

In recent days, the need to provide reliable data transmission over Internet traffics or cellular mobile systems becomes very important. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) represents the prevailing protocol that provide reliability to data transferring in all end-to-end data stream services on the Internet and many of new networks. TCP congestion control has become the key factor manipulating the behavior and performance of the networks. TCP sender can regulates the size of the congestion window (CWND) using the congestion control mechanism and TCP dynamically adjust the window size depending on the packets  acknowledgment (ACK) or by indicates the packets losses when occur. TCP congestion control includes two main phases, slow-start and congestion avoidance and these two phases even work separately, but the combination of them controls CWND and the packet injection to the network pipe. Congestion avoidance and slow-start are liberated mechanisms and using unlike objectives, but if the congestion happens, they are executed together. This article provides an efficient and reliable congestion avoidance mechanism to enhancing the TCP performance in large-bandwidth low-latency networks. The proposed mechanism also includes a facility to send multiple flows over same connection with a novel technique to estimate the number of available flows dynamically, where the all experiments to approving the proposed techniques are performed over the network simulation NS-2.
Cytogenetic study of Acute myelogenous Leukemia in Erbil City-Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Kazhall  Muhammad Sulaeman
Published: April 2023

Acute myelogenous leukemia  is a blood disorder.  It is tenth most frequent cancer, and the third leading cause of cancer death through the world. Acute myeloid leukemia is clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by multitude of chromosomal changes. The objective of the present study is to study frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Acute myelogenous leukemia patients  in Erbil City. Blood samples were collected from 50 patients and 20 controls from both sex at different age groups. Because  Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous disorder; genetic factors, smoking habit, patients occupation, blood diseases, genetic diseases  and various environmental factors contribute to its development. Other factors was also studied included patient gender and age. The results showed that a significant increases in the chromosomal abnormalities in the patients  when compare  to control group and  that highest value of chromosomal aberrations was (Dicentric chromosome) which occurred in males at fourth age group (60-69), also it showed that most patients are males who are at age group(60-69)year, Also the results showed that most of patients have smoking habit especially males, and because environmental and occupational exposures to chemicals play an important role, So the most patients  have mylodysplasia blood disease.
Effects of vitamin deficiency (A, C and D) in maternal on the weights of newborns
Authors: Abeer Talib Abdulqader
Published: April 2023

The present study was designed to find the relation between vitamin deficiency (A, C and D) of maternal and the weights of newborns. The study used 50 volunteers (40 pregnant women with vitamins deficiency and 10 pregnant women without vitamins deficiency). Pregnant women were divided to two groups according to vitamins state. Newborn weights directly were reported at birth time. Vitamins levels showeddecreased invitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D in 40 pregnant female and normal in 10 pregnant female. Where, Vitamins levels showedsignificant decreased (P<0.05) 40 pregnant female 10 pregnant femalecompared with 10 normal pregnant female. Also, results show a high correlation between decreased vitamins levels and newborn weights. It was concluded from this study that the vitamins deficiency (A, C and D) in maternal led to decreased the weights of newborn.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SOME FEMALE RATS ORGANS INFECTED WITH TOXOPLASMA GONDII PARASITE ISOLATED FROM EMBRYO OF ABORTED SHEEP
Authors: Liqaa H. Al-Delami  , Buthaina Hatim. Al-Sabawi  , Firas M.Basheer  , Hafidh I. Al-Sadi
Published: April 2023

The current study included the identification of lesions and the histological changes caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which was isolated from embryos of aborted ewes.
15 female albino rats (3 months old) was injected intraperitonia with suspension containing 100 tissue cysts.
After four months of injection, the histological section showed a chronic infection characterized by autolysis in all sections, where the liver sections showed expansion of the central hepatic veins, congestion in sinusoidal with irregularity in hepatic cords, and the presence of the parasites in the liver cells and Kupffer. The brain tissue showed vacuoles in the neurons with an increase in the number of Purkenji cells. Kidney sections were characterized by degenerative and necrotic changes in the endothelial cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules with Sloughing of necrotic and degenerated cells of the tubes, which accumulated inside the lumen. The parasites appeared in the endothelial cells of the glomerular tufts. Ovary and the uterus showed increased vascular wall thickness, furthermore, the spleen showed autolytic changes, pigment deposition with the presence of parasites within the cells.
Diagnostic study for Toxoplasmosis by Serological test and PCR technique in Kirkuk province
Authors: Fatin M. Nawwab Al-Deen  , Mohammed A. Kadir  , Rafae Z .Mukhlif Al-Sugmiany
Published: April 2023

Background: Severe Toxoplasma gondii infection in early pregnancy brings the risk of transferring the infection to the unborn baby with serious abnormality. The aim of identifying toxoplasmosis in early stage is to recognize mother-to-infant transmission for early cure to avoid undesirable complication. Using serological test to determine anti-Toxoplasma specific IgG and IgM antibodies possibly may not identify new or even previous infection. However, many molecular techniques are now being extensively used through the world among these methods polymerase chain reaction PCR technique emerged as the most widely accepted method for directly detection infectious agents. Thus, the goal in this study is to compare immunoassay by indirect (IgM and IgG) detection diagnostic technique and conventional PCR as molecular assay in diagnosis of T. gondii in whole blood of aborted females in Kirkuk province-Iraq.
Methods: Here we applied indirect routine serological diagnosis test for detection toxoplasma specific IgM and IgG antibodies in females blood with spontaneous abortion and compare the efficiency of this method with PCR technique to detect the pathogenic protozoan T. gondii based on identification of (the B1 gene) as a target. Eighty-one females were incorporated in this study with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions. All of these cases were limited to only females in the reproductive age (19-44 years). There are several serological diagnostic test kits available in Iraqi markets; however, the sensitivity and effectiveness of these commercial kits are not examined by most of the laboratories before they are obtained. Therefore, blood samples from female patients with single or repeated abortion were tested for detection specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies using commercially available (Medical-Biozec) kit in Kirkuk province and compare that with the results are obtained from conventional PCR assay.  
Results:  The results showed that the conventional-PCR analysis is remarkably more sensitive than serological test, with a relatively high proportion of the positive samples for PCR compared with the serological diagnosis. The serological test results revealed that anti-T. gondii antibodies  were detected in 14.81% of aborted women, 3.7% of them were positive for IgM, while 11.11% were positive for IgG. On the contrary, conventional PCR analysis found that 44.44% of aborted women showed positive result for B1 gene of T. gondii. Despite this, most of positive serology-aborted women exposed positive result for B1 gene of T. gondii, except two cases include false-positive IgM results
Isolation, Purification and Identification of Seven species of Algae in three drinking water plants supply springs in Sulaimani province and growth control of isolated algae by using some plant extracts
Authors: Bashar Tareq Ismael AL-Shandah  , Riadh Abas Abd Al-Jabar  , Trifa K. J. Farkha
Published: April 2023

In this study, three drinking water treatment plant supply springs were selected within different sites in Sulaimani province - Kurdistan region of Iraq. Samples were collected over period of eight months from May to the end of December 2015.
Five stations were selected, Stations 1, 2 and 3 were located at Bestan Sowr drinking water project in Sharazur district, station 4 was located at Saray Subhan Agha drinking water project in Said sadiq district and station 5 was located at Khurmal drinking water project in Khurmal district within Halabja district.
The study involved an Isolation, purification and identification seven species of algae by using Chu-10 media and Bold Basal Medium (BBM), and evaluation of the effectiveness of plant extracts (as antialgal) on the growth of isolated algae by Agar-Well Diffusion Method.
Seven strains of algae from studying stations were isolated, purified and identified after collection which were: Ulothrix zonata, Desmodesmus lunatus, Desmodesmus itascaensis, Chlorella vulgaris, Calothrix fusca, Chroococcus turgidus and Navicula riediana. These isolated algae included 2 species of blue-green algae, 4 species of green algae, and 1 species of diatoms.
In this study, the suggested plants extracts for use as inhibitors belong to different families of plant (5 plants) which were Hordeum vulgare (Barley straw), Peganum harmala, Artemisia annua, Thymus vulgaris and Nasturtium officinale (Watercress).
On the assessment of the effectiveness of crude plant extracts (as antialgal) on the growth of selected algae by Agar-Well Diffusion Method, the results showed that the greater inhibition zone diameter was obtained 62 mm against Calothrix fusca by using crude extracted from Peganum harmala in concentration 80 mg/ml, and less inhibition zone diameter was 7 mm against Ulothrix zonata by using crud extracted from Artemisia annua in concentration 30 mg/ml. Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) did not show any effective against any type of isolated algae in all concentrations. Generally inhibition zones diameters differed according to the algal types and types and concentration of plant’s extracts.
Study the effect of Metronidazole Drug (MTZ) and Rhuscoriaria (Sumac) on Testicular Tissues and sperms of Male White Mice
Authors: Saad T. Rasheed  , Ismael I. Hasan  , Mustafa T. Khalaf
Published: April 2023

In this study, thirty adult Swiss male mice weighing with an average weight of twenty seven gram were used. The animals were housed in animal house of the college of Veterinary Medicine/ Tikrit University under normal conditions. The whole animals were divided into three groups each of ten mice, and subdivided into two periods (fourteen and twenty eight days), first group considered as control which were administered with distilled water only. The second group was treated with the metronidazole (MTZ) at a dose of 0.37 mg / mouse /day, the third group were administered with the sumac solution of 0.04 ml / mouse / day. All groups were administered orally.
Histological technique was performed to study the effect of MTZ and sumac on the tissues of testis in addition of sperm qualification. The study showed that, the second group of (the two periods) represented the absence of the spermatogonia with the presence of leydig cells in the interstitial tissue. The third group demonstrated a histopathological effect on the testicular tissue such as seminiferous tubules. The study of the effect of MTZ and sumac on the proportion of male sperm showed abnormalities, and the effect of the MTZ showed significant (P≤ 0.01) abnormalities in the confirmation sperms compared with the control group and sumac.
Detection of Sak Gene and Expression of Staphylokinase in Different Clinical Isolates of Staphyloccocus spp.
Authors: Suha Maher Abed  , Adnan F. Al-Azzawie
Published: April 2023

This study had investigated the presence of Staphylokinase (SAK) phenotypically and genetically. A total of 100 Staphylococcus spp. samples were isolated from different clinical cases. Morphological, biochemical tests and for further conformation; Viteck2 technique were adopted to isolate and diagnose the staphylococcal samples. Phenotypic assay tests including hydrolysis of casein and plasma agar were performed to check for the production of Staphylokinase from producing Staphylococcus spp. Out of 100, only 32 isolates had exhibited (SAK) activity whereby 29 of them represented the species S. aureus while 3 belonged to others. All isolates were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to determine the possessed sak gene. This investigation certainly had shown that not all isolates of S. aureus has the sak gene, only the lysogenic one has it and that it is not species committed but also other staphylococcus species could have it.
Study of the efficacy of Lambdacyhalothrin 10% wp and the Fruits extracts of Datura innoxia plant in the fourth larval instar and adults of sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: Saeed Maher Lafta
Published: April 2023

The results of the present study, which aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of Lambdacyhalothrin 10% and alcoholic extracts of  Datura  innoxia  fruits in the control of fourth larval instar and adults of the phlebotomus  papatasi , indicated that the highest mortality percentage of the larval instar was 100%  in concentration 3 μL / ml, and the lowest mortality percentage of  33.3% at the lowest concentration of  0.05 μL / ml. The results of adult  treatment were the highest mortality percentage of  93.33% at the concentration of  3 μL / ml and the lowest mortality percentage were 20% at concentration of 0.05 μL / ml after 24 Hour of treatment.
The results of the treatment of the fourth larval instar with the Datura  innoxia fruits extracts showed that the highest mortality percentage was 100% for the concentration of 2000 ppm and the lowest of  13.3% at 75 ppm. The highest mortality percentage of adults insects was 100% when treated with the most effective concentrations (1600, 2000ppm). Thus, the results are shown to be affected by the control method used and the interaction of the insect larval instar to this method. In the end, there was a convergence of the effect of the insecticide and extract in the larval instar and adults insect.
Histological structure of the cervical segment oesophagus in goats and sheep (Comparison study)
Authors: Ayad Hameed Ebraheem  , Bader Khatlan Hameed  , Feras Abass Hussein
Published: April 2023

Twelve adult animals of both goats and sheep were used in this study. The segments of oesophagus from the anterior 3rd (cervical part) were taken from six samples of goats and six samples of sheep. The segments of 0.5cm were processed by histological techniques which were stained by haematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscope. The results of this examination revealed that, both species of animals had the for layers which were the tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia, the mucosa had stratified squamous epithelium with variable amount of keratin on its surface, the lamina properia was formed by dense connective tissue with the presence of thin zone of muscularis mucosa, while in sheep the keratin on the surface of epithelium was more and the lamina properia was thinner than goat,  but the muscularis mucosa was formed by masses of smooth muscle fibers more than goat.
The sub mucosa was more condensed with connective tissue in goat than sheep with the presence of medium and small sized blood vessels. In this layer in both animals. The tunica muscularis of both were formed by skeletal muscle fibers, in goat were arranged into three directions which were inner circular, middle oblique and outer longitudinal, while in sheep was found as inner circular and outer longitudinal. finally, both animals were containing outer layer of loose connective tissue called tunica adventitia and in sheep had more fat cells invaded this layer with blood vessels, fat cells and nerves.
The Potential Effect of Grape Seeds Extract against Lead toxicity That Induces Infertility to Male Rats
Authors: Ahmed Hamad Saleh
Published: April 2023

The present study was designed to find the role, of grape seed extract against lead toxicity. Study was used 25 male rats that divided randomly to five groups (5 rats in each group) and the treatment continue four week in each group, control group administrated with normal saline, rats group treatment with (orally) lead (Pb), third group received lead (Pb) 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg seed extract, fourth group received lead (Pb) and 100mg/kg seed extract, fifth group received lead (Pb) and 200mg/kg seed extract. Rats group received lead show significant (P<0.05) decrease in counts, motility of sperm and increase the deformity of sperms. Other wise, rats group received lead show significant (P<0.05) decrease in glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and increase levels of malonedialdehyied (MDA) compared with control group. The treated group with seed extract at different doses, sperm parameters and oxidative stress show gradual recovery. In 200mg/kg dose of seed extract, all parameters of study back to the normal ranges. It was concluded from this study that grape seed extract has important role against toxicity of lead in male rats.
Impact of Intermediate and Terminal Groups on the Thermal Stability of Bent-Core Liquid Crystals
Authors: Mohammed M. Aftan
Published: April 2023

A series of new mesogenic chalcone, azomethine and azo compounds were successfully synthesized. A chalcone was prepared via condensation of isophthaldehyde with a p-hydroxyacetophenone in a basic medium, Schiff bases was prepared by condensation isophthaldehyde with a p-hydroxyaniline in acidic medium. While azo compound was obtained by a reaction of m-diaminobenzen with NaNO2 and phenol, and the generated compound was reacted with alkyl bromide. The structures of such compounds were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectrometer. The liquid crystal phases were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and polarizing optical microscope with heating. A thermal stability of liquid crystal phases were increased by increasing the length of aliphatic chain to smectic phases and decreasing in the thermal stability of nematic phase. It has been observed that the thermal stability of liquid crystal in chalcone compounds were higher than others, azo and azomethine compound
Investigation of the incidence of Toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus in patients with thalassemia
Authors: Ali Yonis Saleh  , Adeba Y. Shareef Al-Numan
Published: April 2023

Blood transfusions was considered as a source of a number of infections in some cases if the donor is infected, especially the virus and parasitic ones, in which the blood is the main route of transport if it is contaminated from the environment or during the transport. The current study included testing (250) blood samples for Thalassemia patients and (100) blood samples from healthy subjects as a control , The samples included with (134) males and (116) females with mean age of (13.87 ± 9.37) years for patients and (14.08 ± 6.45) years for control samples. And for the period from February 2017 to July 2017 And patients who were diagnosed by specialists in Ibn al-Atheer teaching Hospital for Children in Nineveh Governorate. The study showed a high rate of infection with CMV infection in male thalassemia patients (42%) while in females (36.1%), the highest rate of infection was in the age group 16 years and above and the increase in the number of blood transfusions increases the rate of infection (46.5%) in patients received blood twice or more per month and decreased to (37.6%) in patients who receiving blood once a month. The highest rate of Toxoplasma infection was found in females (18.3%) while in males (15.6%). The highest age group (6-10) years showed the highest percentage of infection (19.1%). Blood infected patients with T. gondii recieving blood twice per month formed (21.9%) while  those receiving blood one time per month decreased to (15.9%) .
Using RAPD markers for genetic analysis in Three Species of Datura in Iraq
Authors: Lubna Amir Altiaee  , Akeel H ALassi  , Thammer A. Zahwan
Published: April 2023

The study amis to develop the evidence genetic of active substances for several kinds of the Datura plant (Datura sp.), So it was procedure steps to isolated the Genomic DNA from leaf of Datura specis    it is (Datura metel, Datura innoxia and Datura stramonium).(
 Has been used 51 primers in the experiments of the RAPD markers, but did not show 17 primers including any amplified band while showed in genomic in Datura plants, and 34 primers show results Differentiated locations where all the primers gave a differentiated binds Polymorphic band These results have been invested to study genetic variability among the species involved in study.
Detection of auto-transporter Sat and Vat genes among Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections
Authors: Wisal R. Yaseen AL- Hayali  , Alaa Younis Mahdy  , Muhammad Abdul Zaraq Ibrahim
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to detect the presence of genes encoding autotranspoter proteins in E. coli that causes UTI by using PCR techniques. Seventy two urine sample were collected from patients infected with UTI whom attended to Salah-AL-deen general hospital in Tikrit city, during three months period (September to November 2016). All samples were cultivated on Blood agar and MacConkey agar. The 47(65.2%) E. coli isolates were confirmed using standard biochemical tests for E. coli. The results indicate the frequencies of Sat gene was 27 strains(57.5%) while Vat gene was 12 strains (25.5%) while the Duplex PCR detected 8(17%) strains of E. coli contained two genes. With this method, we confirmed that autotransporter genes are pathospecifically distributed among the E. coli strains studied.
Stratigraphic study of Qalqula Formation, Sulaymaniyah Governorate - NE Iraq
Authors: Mohammad Jamil Ali Al-Talabani
Published: April 2023

Qulqula Formation studied in Suren mountain - Sulaymaniyah- NE Iraq. 10 samples collected from the outcrop near Kani Seif Hamid area. Petrographic and mineralogical investigation carried out, thin sections, X- ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) samples were prepared and analysed in Wollongong University-Australia.  Preliminary results show that the lower part of Qulqula Formation in the studied section undergo severe recrystallization and partly dolomitized. In addition, from chronostratigraphic viewpoint, Qulqula Formation in the studied area thought to represent Late Triassic age. This study report for the first time the occurrence of Calpionellids fossils, two species were identified; Tintinnopsella remanei Borza and Calpionellites major (Colom) which represent the Late Jurassic - Early Cetaceous age (i.e. Late Tithonian - Early Valanginian respectively). This coincided with the proposed age results from previous works.
Calculation of The Imaginary Part of Atomic Form Factor For X-ray In Nickel
Authors: Ahmed Raheem Ahmed  , Muhsin Hasan Ali
Published: April 2023

In the present study, we calculated the imaginary part of the x-ray scattering factor of nickel based on the principles of quantum mechanics to find a wave function that describes the electronic state of atoms by approximate methods, observed the study suggested that in both low energy values , and at high energy values , the imaginary part is approximately zero, this means that the electrons are intensely connected to the atom, where in the spectrum the photon energies are approximately equal to the electron bonding energy  we note the study pointed out that the imaginary part of the atomic scattering factor become  prominent and the electron becomes highly absorbent, the relative accuracy varies within range (0.03-0.22)%, and there was also a good agreement between the behavior we obtained for the imaginary part of the atomic scattering factor and the behavior that was calculated using other models.
Study of the optical proprieties of copper oxide nanoparticles prepared by PLD method
Authors: Rasha H. Ahmed  , Abdul Majeed E. Ibrahim  , Kadhim A. Aadem
Published: April 2023

Nano CuO thin films on glass substrates were prepared at a constant temperature of (300°C), by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength and five deposition energies (400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 mJ) with fixed pulses (300 pulse and 6 Hz) was used on the properties of CuO films. CuO nanoparticles were deposited on glass substrates to study optical properties and formed thin films of thickness (200 nm).CuO thin flims were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements have shown that the polycrystalline CuO prepared at laser energies , includes optical transmittance and absorption measurements and energy gap of these films.
Effect of SiO2 ratio on electrical Properties of SiO2:ZnO Thin Films Prepared by pulsed laser depositions (PLD) technique
Authors: Zuheer. N. Majeed  , Abdul-Majeed E. Al-Samarai  , Ghuson. H.Mohammed
Published: April 2023

In this paper zinc oxide was dopped by various concentrations (5,10,15,20,25) % of silicon dioxide. The mixture was deposited on glass substrate by laser pulse deposition at room temperature to obtain (Zn2SiO4) thin films. The D.C conductivity showed a decrease in activation energy by increasing doping from (Ea1=0.096 eV) to (Ea1=0.075 eV) before annealing and after annealing from (Ea1=0.048 eV) to(Ea1=0.027 eV). Hall effect showed that the concentration of carriers increases from (2.79 ×1018cm-3) to (14.29× 1018cm-3 ) before annealing and from (0.30×1016cm-3) to (26.25×1016cm-3) after annealing. The mobility decreases from(2.3cm2/v. sec) to (0.99cm2/v. sec) before annealing and from (7cm2/v. sec) to (2.5cm2/v . sec).
Fabrication and study of the structural and spectral properties of the composites (y) Mn0.6 Zn0.4 Fe2O4 + (1-y) PZT prepared by the powder technology method
Authors: Ismaeal K. Jasem  , Abdul-Samee Fawzi Abdul-Aziz  , Nibras Malallah Ibrahim
Published: April 2023

Ferrite-ferroelectric composites holds following chemical formula (y) Mn0.6 Zn0.4 Fe2O4 + (1-y) PZT with different weight rations (y=0.15, 0.30 and 0.45) are prepared by the powder technology method at annealing temperature (1000 °C) for (12hrs). The structural properties are also studied representing by the lattice constants (a, c), particle size (Dt), apparent density (ρa), and X-ray density (ρx). It has been shown that increasing the concentration of the ferrite phase contributes to an increase in the lattice constant, apparent density and X-ray density which in turn contribute in decreasing porosity that plays a role in improving the physical properties of the samples as well as the weight ratios of the mixture after the final sintering with reference to x-ray diffraction technique. In addition, the spectral properties were also studied represented by the vibration force constant and regions of optical absorption in terms of IR technique.
Studying the effect of impurities Bi2O3 to SiO2 used in LCD screens
Authors: Wlla M. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

In this study, a liquid crystal display LCD cell was prepared. with the windows made from a thin film of SnO2 add to it Bi2O3 by weight (0,1,3,5,7)% .The effect of adding optical and electrical properties of the cell was studied. The thin film was prepared by vacuum evaporation technique. It was added to use powder mixing technique. The results showed a decrease in the value of the current passing through the cell and  an increase in resistance value from 9.7MΩ to 12.5MΩ. The results also showed an increase in the cell's ability to control the light and darkness it with lower voltages by increasing the add rate. This leads to a decrease power used of a single cell. The value of the capacitance is not affected by the addition of Bi2O3 and  was stable at ( 3nf ±1% ).
Construction and Implementation of an Expert System for Medical Diagnosis Based on Blood Test
Authors: Ibraheem Nadher Ibraheem
Published: April 2023

The recent developments in the field of artificial intelligence to the emergence of expert systems, and computational tools designed to capture and access to knowledge from experts in the medical field. We have built an expert system for the purpose of giving the diagnosis of some diseases by linking this system devise testing and analysis of blood type (CELL-DYN Ruby) and which has a private entrance to the computer. The system is divided into several modules, History Entering Module (HEM) systematic Review Module (SRM), a Laboratory Test List Module, Diagnosis Process Module (DPM), Data Base (DB), and finally the graphical interface to the user.
All these modules work together to give a high degree of accuracy in the diagnosis of disease through blood samples and we will describe the work of each unit in detail.
APPLICATION TREND SURFACE MODELS WITH ESTIMATION
Authors: Shaymaa Riyadh Thanoon
Published: April 2023

This research deal with estimation of  trend surface analysis and with spatial data with three models to real spatial data represents a rising  ground water. The first method in assessment is to estimation trend surface model parameters by (ml), the second method requires decision on the maximum time difference to be calculated (s). while, the third method need a resolution, and the residuals r of dots to take for the conjecture the f(Dij) parameters. The first and second methods require resolution principle of "neighbor" from determines of  "W". These three approaches are applied to real data which represent the ground water levels in 47 wells in mountain region in Sin jar district in Nineveh  governorate.
Histological Effects of Aqueous Extract of Saffron Flowers Crocus sativus on Ovaries and Oviduct of Females White Mice Mus musculus
Authors: Baidaa Abdul Aziz Mohamed Salah
Published: April 2023

The present study was conducted to identify the histological effects of the aqueous extract of saffron flower on ovaries and oviducts of the adult female mouse at doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.).for the periods 7,15 and 30 days, respectively and once a day. Behavioral changes were include the abnormal hyperactivity, irritability followed by introversion and reduction of motor activity, as well as loss of appetite for food and drinking water for several hours. The results showed histopathological changes of  mice ovaries at a dose of 15 mg /kg of B.W. for the above periods a slight increase in primordial follicles, congestion of blood vessels, necrosis and degeneration. At a dose of 30 mg/kg. there was slight deposition of hyaline material, deposition of hemosiderin dye, congestion and increase of primordial follicles numbers, while at a dose of 60 mg/kg lymphatic cells infiltration were observed, with some ovarian stromal cells decaying. while the oviduct, and for the above periods changes included thickening of canal wall, endothelial cells degeneration and blood vessel congestion in the muscular area at a dose of 15 mg/kg, increased flattening of the mucosal folds also was observed. At a dose of 30mg /kg. an increased damage with increased blood vessels congestion, fibrosis of oviduct wall and degeneration of the external muscle layer of the oviduct at a dose of 60 mg /kg was obvious.
UTILITY OF CYANIDE ION REMEDIATION RESIDUES TO PREPARE ACTIVE RODENTICIDE ACCESSING TO ZERO RESIDUE LEVEL: SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS Rattus rattus AS CASE STUDY
Authors: Suadat Mustafa Mohammed  , Nisreen Sabbar  , Ahmed Alaa Hussain  , Mohammed Nsaif
Published: April 2023

This study was examined the possibility of pomegranate peel residue (PPR) (which remains after extraction of antioxidants (phenolics)) for removing polluted cyanide ions from aqueous solutions using several operational factors via adsorption technique. The operational factors studied included initial concentration of (CN-), pH of aqueous solution, flowrate of the aqueous solution inside the adsorption unit, height of adsorption media and time of treatment. By means of changing the aforementioned variables within particular empirical ranges, the best operational conditions were identified that gave the highest percentage removal of cyanide ion from aqueous solutions which reach to 95.75%. The samples of PPR remaining after completion the adsorption process explained above have been used to prepare an effective toxic material for rodents. The lethal effect of this cheap rodenticide was investigated using laboratory rats of type Sprague Dawley (which has the scientific name Rattus rattus) as a case study. These toxic residues exhibited a fatal effect on this type of rats depending on the calculated half lethal dose (LD50) of its which was compared with the (LD50) mentioned in literature and scientific references and showed that it was within the required range. In this method, more than one type of toxic and non-toxic wastes was disposed by simple, benefit, non-cost and environment friendly way. This way represents by eliminating the cyanide ions from aqueous solutions to minimum possible concentration using non-valuable agricultural wastes (PPR) and in the same time preparing a cheap and active rodenticide according to lethal dose (LD50) calculated accessing to zero residue level (ZRL).
Plant essential oils as Grain Protectants against Rhizopertha dominica (Coleoptera:Bostrichidae) During Storage
Authors: Suhaira Waleed Abdullah  , Karzan Sabah D.Ahmed  , Khalid Qadir Khidher
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to control lesser grain borer Rhizopertha dominica via using of Zingier officinale (ginger) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower) oils as protectant of Tritium spp. The inhibition rates were 38.00, 28.98, 22.67 and 4.60% respectively when the wheat treated by 0.5, 1, 1.5and 2% of sunflower oil while the inhibition rates were 35.50, 28.00, 7.25 and 3.25% respectively when the wheat treated by the same concentrations of Z. officinale oil. The damage assessments were decreased while increasing the concentration of the oils, the H. annuus oil is more protectant than Z. officinale oil in 2%. Approximately the two plant oils caused same damage percentage when the wheat treated by 1% during storage. To sum up, the results strengthen the possibility of using the plant oils for the management this insect
A comparative study of the phenolic compounds of some Brassicaceae taxa by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique
Authors: Ghassan Radam Idan Al-Taie  , Roqia Ahmad Al-Mashea  , Nagham Saddon  , Aseel Kadhim Al-Anbari
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to determine the phenolic compounds that may be utilized as chemotaxonomic study to identify some phenolic compounds  concentration that are useful for pharmaceutical purposes from 5 taxa belongs to the Brassicaceae family which are; Cardaria draba (L.) Desv., Lepidum aucheri Boiss., Sisymbrium irio L., Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., and Sisymbrium septulatum DC. Leaves powder of these taxa were collected and analyzed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results identified 9 phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, genstic acid, kaempferol, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, and vanillic acid. The results showed that the genus Lepidium aucheri had the highest concentration of 4 phenolic compounds, cinnamic acid, genstic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid with concentration of (37.2, 80.79, 62.91, and 37.10µg/ ml) respectively. On the other hand, the genus Cardaria draba showed the lowest concentration of 3 phenolic compounds, cinnamic acid, p- coumaric acid, and protocatechuic acid, and doesn't have 2 phenolic compounds, genstic acid and kaempferol. This variation in the phenolic concentrations might be due to the genotype and plant growth stage differences. The results of this study provide a source for bioactive compounds to future studies.
The Effect of Spraying a mixture of micronutrients and Plant Growth Regulators on A vegetative growth the Chemical Contents and some physical characters for volatile oils of Lemon grass Plant (Cymbopogon citratus L.)
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah AL-Joburi
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Tikrit University/Faculty of Agriculture, the agricultural season 2013 on lemon grass plant. The Experiment was design with randomized complete block design (RCBD). the Experiment contained two factors, the first one is a mixture of some micro nutrients and three levels ; namely, non-spray treatment (T0), spraying treatment with  50 mg.L-1 Fe + 25 mg.L-1 Cu +25 mg.L-1 Zn (T1), and spraying treatment with  100 mg.L-1 Fe + 50 mg.L-1 Cu +50 mg.L-1 Zn (T2). the second factor is plant Growth regulators with four levels first no plant Growth regulators labeled as (A0), second, spraying in with IAA with concentration of 150 mg.L-1. labeled as (A1), spraying in with GA3 with concentration of 150 mg.L-1. labeled as (A2) ,and spraying with mixture of IAA + GA3 of 150 + 150  mg.L-1 concentration labeled as (A3) with three replications. the result showed that the treatment of (T2A3) spraying with mixture of micro nutrients and spraying with mixture of Auxin and Gibberellin significant differences in all of the characteristics of the vegetative growth. this resulted the plant height 162.41cm, number of leaves 52.87 leaf.plant-1, leaf area  3665.19 cm2, dry weight 173.09 gm.plant-1, and leaf content of total chlorophyll   8.350 mg.gm-1.
There were also significant differences amongst the treatments of the interference in the increase of concentrations of the nutrients in the leaves. the treatments (T2A3), (T2A2),and (T2A1) exceeded the other treatments and the non-adding treatment while there were no significant differences amongst the above mentioned treatments in some of the  concentrations of the nutrients. the interference treatment (T2A3) between the spraying with mixture of micro nutrients and spraying with mixture of (Auxin and  Gibberellin) resulted the highest concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, Iron, Copper, and zinc. the  concentration of these elements are 2.83 %, 0.390 %, 2.73 %, 0.892 mg.L-1, 84.20 mg.L-1, 17.73 mg.L-1, 58.82 mg.L-1 respectively. There are positive differences in the content 0f the volatile oil of the active compounds amongst the interference treatments. the treatments (T2A3), (T2A2), (T2A1), and (T1A3) resulted the highest content of the active compounds compared to the rest of the treatments and the non-adding treatment. there were no significant differences amongst the above mentioned treatments. the interference treatment (T2A3) between the spraying with mixture of micro nutrients and spraying with a mixture of (Auxine and Gibberellin) resulted the highest rate of percentage, Density oil, Specific gravity, and Refractive index 0.834, 0.858, 0.845, 1.263  respectively.
Silymarin effect as an antioxidant to improve damages induced by CCl4 on some characteristics of male rats reproductive system
Authors: Measer A. Ahmed  , Aziz K. Hamid  , Hussien M. Tayawi
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to investigate if silymarin can prevent the adverse effect of oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) on some characters of male rat reproductive system. Twenty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups, 5 for each included, control group, CCl4 group, silymarin group and silymarin plus CCl4 group. Groups with silymarin  received dose (150mg/kg) and group with CCl4 received (3ml/kg) at the end of experiment. The period of the study was 35 days. CCl4 can induce male reproductive toxicity through damage testis structure, weights, reduction in epididymis, sperm count, morphology, viability and motility. Silymarin plays its antioxidant role with scavenging free radical resulted by CCl4 and showed significant increasing in body and testis weight, normal sperms counting and vital sperms in compared to CCl4 group.
Determination of Montelukast Sodium by flow injection chemiluminescence
Authors: Omar Adnan Hashem  , Semaa Hamed Ahmad  , Sabreen Shakeir Mahmood
Published: April 2023

This study  includes determination Montelukast sodium by using flow injection chemiluminescence technique, the optimum concentrations were (150) ppm of magnesum ion, (5×10-4) M luminol, (0.001) M  hydrogen peroxide, linearity of concetraction (0.1-0.001) M  that give the highest luminescence intensity, and correlation cofficient was  (0.9054), The relative standard deviation  RSD% (2.3) and detection limit (0.0001) M and  relative error (0.018) ,the percent recovery (97%).
Geometry of Khalakan Anticline, Northeastern Iraq
Authors: Manal Shakir Al-Kubaisi  , Ayyed Hussein Ward
Published: April 2023

This research deals with the geometry of Khalakan Anticline by using field data. The anticline is located in NE Iraq, within the High Folded Zone of the Iraqi Western Zagros Fold – Thrust Belt where the southwestern limb of it represents the boundary between the Low  and High folded zones. The age of the exposed rocks in the study area ranges from Cretaceous to Late Pliocene. Qamchuqa and Kometan formations expose in the two limbs as oldest rocks, while the youngest rocks in the northeastern limb are covered by Dokan Conglomerate. Consequently the fold geometry was determined by the measured field data of Qamchuqa and Kometan formations only. Khalakan anticline was described as asymmetrical and overturned fold, with northeastern vergency, where the mean attitude of the NE limb is 220 ᴏ/89 ᴏ and the mean attitude of the SW limb is 219 ᴏ/55° in terms of dip direction and dip amount. The attitude the fold axis in terms of trend and plunge is 130°/1°, the attitude of the axial plane is 220°/72° in terms of dip direction and dip amount, the interlimb angle is 34°, consequently the fold was classified as Close Fold.
Aluminum-Copper alloys, Corrosion, acidic medium, alkali medium.
Authors: Ahmed Abdulmunem Hussein  , Mohammed Khawwam Ahmed
Published: April 2023

This paper suggested a de-noising algorithm used in grayscale images. As long as the noisy image does not give the desired view of its features, de-noising is required. The algorithm is based on block matching and wavelet transformation. Euclidean distance for blocks similarity is exploited, which demonstrate more accurate in finding similar blocks depending on soft thresholding. Regarding wavelet transform, a combine of hard thresholding is performed for HH and LH sub-bands while soft thresholding is used in LL and HL sub-bands of the decomposed images. Three types of noise is encountered: Gaussian noise, salt & pepper noise and speckle noise. The measurements are employed to evaluate our work is MSE and PSNR and SSIM. Finally a comparison of the results shows that our method outperforms traditional wavelet using hard or soft thresholding.
Projects Selection In Knapsack Problem By Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Armaneesa Naaman Hasoon
Published: April 2023

One of the combinatorial optimization problems is Knapsack problem, which aims to maximize the benefit of objects whose weight not exceeding the capacity of knapsack. This paper introduces artificial bee colony algorithm to select a subset of project and represented by knapsack problem to put the best investment plan which achieve the highest profits within a determined costs, this plan is one of the applications of the financial field. The result from the proposed algorithm implemented by matlab (8.3) show the ability to find best solution with precisely and rapidity compared to genetic algorithm
Apelin Levels and its Relationship with a Number of Electrolytes in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mousa J. Humesh  , AbduL-Monaim H.M. AL-Samarraie  , Zainab A.L. AL-Samarraie
Published: April 2023

The study aimed to determine the effect of the lack of Apelin peptide and its relation to the development and severity of coronary atherosclerosis and to prove its association with acute myocardial infarction and the positive effect when increasing its concentration in the body and protect it from various diseases. The study included 70 patients of different ages infected with myocardial infarction, both high blood pressure and diabetes, were significantly presented in the group of patients in this study and were compared with control group, which included 35 samples of healthy people. The study showed that there was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in Apelin concentration in people who suffered from myocardial infarction compared with the control group, which was their Apelin concentrations within the normal rates, there was a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in the concentration of Apelin with males and females who suffered from myocardial infarction compared with males and females in control group, which was within normal concentrations that existed in the blood, parameters were measured the concentrations of Apelin and the results of study as follows: There was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the concentration of sodium, potassium, chloride and magnesium ions in patients with myocardial infarction compared with the control group. The concentrations of electrolytes in the sera of males and females were significantly decreases (P≤0.05) in regard to sodium, potassium and chloride ions in males and females patients compared to control group, while there were no significant differences (P≤0.05) in the concentration of magnesium between males and females of patients and control group. The correlation of sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride ions with the concentration of the Apelin was positive. It rises continuously with elevation in the concentration of the Apelin and decrease in the concentration of Apelin. This has a positive effect on myocardial function and improve its function.