bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of hypoxia factors gene silencing on ROS production and metabolic status of A375 malignant melanoma cells
Authors: Špaková Ivana , Rabajdová Miroslava , Mičková Helena , Graier Wolfgang F. , Mareková Mária
Published: May 2021

The innate response of melanocytes to exogenous or endogenous stress stimuli like extreme pH and temperature, metabolite and oxygen deficiency or a high UV dose initiates a cellular stress response. This process activates adaptive processes to minimize the negative impact of the stressor on the pigment cell. Under physiological conditions, a non-cancer cell is directed to apoptosis if the stressor persists. However, malignant melanoma cells will survive persistent stress thanks to distinct "cancerous" signaling pathways (e.g. MEK) and transcription factors that regulate the expression of so-called "survival genes" (e.g. HIF, MITF). In this survival response of cancer cells, MEK pathway directs melanoma cells to deregulate mitochondrial metabolism, to accumulate reduced species (NADH), and to centralize metabolism in the cytosol. The aim of this work was to study the effect of gene silencing in malignant melanoma A375 cells on metabolic processes in cytosol and mitochondria. Gene silencing of HIF-1α, and miR-210 in normoxia and pseudohypoxia, and analysis of its effect on MITF-M, and PDHA1 expression. Detection of cytosolic NADH by Peredox-mCherry Assay. Detection of OCR, and ECAR using Seahorse XF96. Measurement of produced O2•− with MitoTracker Red CMXRos. 1H NMR analysis of metabolites present in cell suspension, and medium. By gene silencing of HIF-1α and miR-210 the expression of PDHA1 was upregulated while that of MITF-M was downregulated, yielding acceleration of mitochondrial respiratory activity and thus elimination of ROS. Hence, we detected a significantly reduced A375 cell viability, an increase in alanine, inositol, nucleotides, and other metabolites that together define apoptosis. Based on the results of measurements of mitochondrial resipiratory activity, ROS production, and changes in the metabolites obtained in cells under the observed conditions, we concluded that silencing of HIF-1α and miR-210 yields apoptosis and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death in A375 melanoma cells.
Omega-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil supplementation prevents rosiglitazone-induced osteopenia in aging C57BL/6 mice and in vitro studies
Authors: Cugno Chiara , Kizhakayil Dhanya , Calzone Rita , Rahman Shaikh Mizanoor , Halade Ganesh V. , Rahman Md M.
Published: May 2021

Rosiglitazone is an effective insulin-sensitizer, however associated with bone loss mainly due to increased bone resorption and bone marrow adiposity. We investigated the effect of the co-administration of fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) on rosiglitazone-induced bone loss in C57BL/6 mice and the mechanisms underlying potential preventive effect. Mice fed the iso-caloric diet supplemented with fish oil exhibited significantly higher levels of bone density in different regions compared to the other groups. In the same cohort of mice, reduced activity of COX-2, enhanced activity of alkaline phosphatase, lower levels of cathepsin k, PPAR-γ, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a higher level of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed. Moreover, fish oil restored rosiglitazone-induced down-regulation of osteoblast differentiation and up-regulation of adipocyte differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells and inhibited the up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation of RANKL-treated RAW264.7 cells. We finally tested our hypothesis on human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells differentiated to osteocytes and adipocytes confirming the beneficial effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) omega-3 FA during treatment with rosiglitazone, through the down-regulation of adipogenic genes, such as adipsin and FABP4 along the PPARγ/FABP4 axis, and reducing the capability of osteocytes to switch toward adipogenesis. Fish oil may prevent rosiglitazone-induced bone loss by inhibiting inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and adipogenesis and by enhancing osteogenesis in the bone microenvironment.
Fast and accurate automated recognition of the dominant cells from fecal images based on Faster R-CNN
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Xiangzhou , Ni Guangming , Liu Juanxiu , Hao Ruqian , Liu Lin , Liu Yong , Du Xiaohui , Xu Fan
Published: May 2021

Fecal samples can easily be collected and are representative of a person’s current health state; therefore, the demand for routine fecal examination has increased sharply. However, manual operation may pollute the samples, and low efficiency limits the general examination speed; therefore, automatic analysis is needed. Nevertheless, recognition exhaustion time and accuracy remain major challenges in automatic testing. Here, we introduce a fast and efficient cell-detection algorithm based on the Faster-R-CNN technique: the Resnet-152 convolutional neural network architecture. Additionally, a region proposal network and a network combined with principal component analysis are proposed for cell location and recognition in microscopic images. Our algorithm achieved a mean average precision of 84% and a 723 ms detection time per sample for 40,560 fecal images. Thus, this approach may provide a solid theoretical basis for real-time detection in routine clinical examinations while accelerating the process to satisfy increasing demand.
An integrated strategy for evaluation of sulfur-fumigated edible herb Astragali Radix based on UPLC-MS/MS platforms and pharmacological analysis
Authors: Ma Guoxu , Luo Zuliang , Yang Meihua , Wu Haifeng , Yang Junshan , Xing Xiaoyan , Sun Xiaobo , Xu Xudong
Published: May 2021

Astragali Radix is an edible herb that has been employed in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has recently been recognized by various countries; however, it is also one of the most extensively sulfur-fumigated TCM components.
Biotin-phenosafranin as a new photosensitive conjugate for targeted therapy and imaging
Authors: Błauż Andrzej , Rychlik Błażej , Plazuk Damian , Peccati Francesca , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Steinke Urszula , Sierant Malgorzata , Trzeciak Katarzyna , Skorupska Ewa , Miksa Beata
Published: May 2021

A biotinylated phenazine compound as a phenosafranin conjugate (Biot-PSF) was synthesized and reported for the first time.
Enhanced oxidation of sulfite over a highly efficient biochar-induced silica composite for sulfur resource utilization in magnesia desulfurization
Authors: Qi Tieyue , Xing Lei , Fang Zhimo , Zhang Lin , Xiao Huining , Wang Lidong
Published: May 2021

An efficient-robust silica composite with biochar induction is fabricated to promote sulfite oxidation, benefiting sulfur resource utilization to form fertilizers.
Recent advances in photocatalytic degradation of plastics and plastic-derived chemicals
Authors: Ouyang Zenglin , Yang Yang , Zhang Chen , Zhu Shumin , Qin Lei , Wang Wenjun , He Donghui , Zhou Yin , Luo Hanzhuo , Qin Fanzhi
Published: May 2021

Plastic products, used in almost all aspects of daily life because of their low cost, durability, and portability, can be broken down into micro- and nano-scale plastics, thereby increasing the risk of human ingestion.
Influence of protein ion charge state on 213 nm top-down UVPD
Authors: Becher Simon , Wang Huixin , Leeming Michael G. , Donald William A. , Heiles Sven
Published: May 2021

The charge state dependence of 213 nm ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry in top-down proteomics is investigated revealing the effect of side chain and amide backbone protonation on cleavage sites.
The design criteria and therapeutic strategy of functional scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair
Authors: Cao Jian , Wu Jiahe , Mu Jiafu , Feng Shiqing , Gao Jianqing
Published: May 2021

The application of functional scaffolds (FSs) in spinal cord injury (SCI) repair should conform to some design criteria and a well-designed FS can boost the efficacy of drug therapy, cell therapy, and combination therapy in SCI repair.
Temperature-dependent circular conversion dichroism from chiral metasurfaces patterned in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2
Authors: Jia Guangyi , Huang Zhenxian , Zhou Yan , Wang Huaiwen , Zhang Yongliang , Miao Xianglong
Published: May 2021

Chiral metasurfaces patterned with L-shaped holes in a thin film of Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 are designed.
Ultraviolet-C persistent luminescence from the Lu2SiO5:Pr3+ persistent phosphor for solar-blind optical tagging
Authors: Yan Shao , Liang Yanjie , Chen Yafei , Liu Jingwei , Chen Dongxun , Pan Zhengwei
Published: May 2021

UVC emissive Lu2SiO5:Pr3+ persistent phosphors with a long afterglow time were synthesized for solar-blind optical tagging.
Advances of the highly efficient and stable visible light active photocatalyst Zr(iv)–phthalate coordination polymer for the degradation of organic contaminants in water
Authors: Abuzalat Osama , Tantawy Hesham , Abdlaty Ramy , Elfiky Mona , Baraka Ahmad
Published: May 2021

This work presents the restoration of the Zr–phthalate coordination polymer (Zr–Ph CP) via valuable application in photocatalysis.
Effect of isothermal holding time on hydrogen-induced structural transitions of WO3
Authors: Matsukawa Takeshi , Ishigaki Toru
Published: May 2021

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) has the ability to transform oxygen-deficient structures (WO3−x; 0 ≦ x ≦ 1) at high temperatures under hydrogen.
Dual functionality of mixed Cu-based two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures derived from electronic waste
Authors: Khayyam Nekouei Rasoul , Tudela Ignacio , Mofarah Sajjad S. , Vahidi Ehsan , Maroufi Samane , Wang Ke , Pahlevani Farshid , Sahajwalla Veena
Published: May 2021

Cu-based heterojunction ultrathin layered films, fabricated from e-waste, showed a dual-functionality for energy storage and energy harvesting applications. LCA of this e-waste valorisation highlighted the importance of such value-added recycling.
Microfluidic formation of crystal-like structures
Authors: Del Giudice Francesco , D'Avino Gaetano , Maffettone Pier Luca
Published: May 2021

In this critical review, we aim at providing a holistic representation of crystal-like structure formation mediated by hydrodynamic interactions in microfluidic devices.
Small universal mechanical module driven by a liquid metal droplet
Authors: Xue Rui , Tao Ye , Sun Haoxiu , Liu Weiyu , Ge Zhenyou , Jiang Tianyi , Jiang Hongyuan , Han Fang , Li Yu , Ren Yukun
Published: May 2021

We developed a driving module which enables the transmission of motion from a liquid metal droplet out of the alkaline solution environment and its output readily meets some application scenarios that need low-speed rotation.
Microfluidic-directed biomimetic Bulbine torta-like microfibers based on inhomogeneous viscosity rope-coil effect
Authors: Guo Yongshi , Yan Jianhua , Xin John H. , Wang Lihuan , Yu Xi , Fan Longfei , Liu Peifeng , Yu Hui
Published: May 2021

Microfluidic spinning was used to prepare microfibers with an atypical helical structure and ultrahigh strain sensitivity.
Coupling the chemical reactivity of bimetallic surfaces to the orientations of liquid crystals
Authors: Szilvási Tibor , Yu Huaizhe , Gold Jake I. , Bao Nanqi , Wolter Trenton J. , Twieg Robert J. , Abbott Nicholas L. , Mavrikakis Manos
Published: May 2021

Responsive soft materials with tailored functional properties are developed, based on the chemical reactivity of atomically precise inorganic interfaces.
Modern trends in “Green” primary energetic materials
Authors: Herweyer Darren , Brusso Jaclyn L. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: May 2021

The evergrowing demand for cleaner, high-performing energetic materials (EMs) has led to a quest for replacement of currently used toxic metal-based traditional energetic compounds such as lead azide and lead styphnate.
Spectroscopic, computational and molecular docking study of Cu(ii) complexes with flavonoids: from cupric ion binding to DNA intercalation
Authors: Šimunková Miriama , Štekláč Marek , Malček Michal
Published: May 2021

Copper(ii) complexes with flavonoids as perspective therapeutic agents with DNA as a target molecule.
Site-directed mutagenesis and substrate compatibility to reveal the structure–function relationships of plant oxidosqualene cyclases
Authors: Chen Kuan , Zhang Meng , Ye Min , Qiao Xue
Published: May 2021

Site-directed mutagenesis and substrate promiscuity of plant OSCs were summarized to understand the cyclization mechanism.
Gate-controlled ambipolar transport in b-AsP crystals and their VIS-NIF photodetection
Authors: Zhong Mianzeng , Meng Haotong , Ren Zhihui , Huang Le , Yang Juehan , Li Bo , Xia Qinglin , Wang Xiaoting , Wei Zhongming , He Jun
Published: May 2021

B-As0.084P0.916crystal-based FETs show 105Ion/offratio, the highest charge-carrier mobility of 147 cm2V−1s−1and exhibit excellent photoresponse properties from 450 to 2200 nm with a responsivity of 37 A W−1, a specific detectivity of 7.18 × 1010Jones.
Sterically hindering the trajectory of nucleophilic attack towards p-benzynes by a properly oriented hydrogen atom: an approach to achieve regioselectivity
Authors: Singha Monisha , Bhattacharya Prabuddha , Ray Debashis , Basak Amit
Published: May 2021

Nucleophilic addition to p-benzynes derived via Bergman cyclization has become a topic of keen interest.
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of dipicolylamine sulfonamide derivatized platinum complexes as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Thushara Nadini , Darshani Taniya , Samarakoon Sameera R. , Perera Inoka C. , Fronczek Frank R. , Sameera W. M. C. , Perera Theshini
Published: May 2021

Three new Pt complexes, [PtCl2(N(SO2(2-nap))dpa)], [PtCl2(N(SO2(1-nap))dpa)] and [PtCl2(N(SO2pip)dpa)], containing a rare 8-membered ring were synthesized in good yield and high purity by utilizing ligands which contain a dipicolylamine moiety.
3-Methyl-1,2,3-triazolium-1N-dinitromethylylide and the strategy of zwitterionic dinitromethyl groups in energetic materials design
Authors: Wozniak Dominique R. , Zeller Matthias , Byrd Edward F. C. , Piercey Davin G.
Published: May 2021

Fully characterized energetic material containing a unique zwitterionic dinitromethyl functional group.
Density functional theory of confined ionic liquids: the influence of power-law attractions on molecule distributions and surface forces
Authors: Kiratidis Adrian L. , Miklavcic Stanley J.
Published: May 2021

Interaction energies and density profiles for two model ionic liquids, [C4mim+][BF4−] and [C4mim+][TFSI−], confined between charged planar walls are studied within a density functional theory framework.
A study of the interaction of cationic dyes with gold nanostructures
Authors: Shan Fengyuan , Panariello Luca , Wu Gaowei , Gavriilidis Asterios , Fielding Helen H. , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: May 2021

The interaction of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes with a range of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), gold nanoclusters and gold/silver nanoclusters is reported.
Correction: White light employing luminescent engineered large (mega) Stokes shift molecules: a review
Authors: Mohd Yusof Chan Nadia Nabihah , Idris Azila , Zainal Abidin Zul Hazrin , Tajuddin Hairul Anuar , Abdullah Zanariah
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘White light employing luminescent engineered large (mega) Stokes shift molecules: a review’ by Nadia Nabihah Mohd Yusof Chan et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 13409–13445, DOI: 10.1039/D1RA00129A.
Clickable amino acid tuned self-assembly of a nucleus-selective multi-component nanoplatform for synergistic cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Lan , He Xiao , Zeng Zhiying , Tang Jiakun , Qi Dongmei , Ma Huijie , Chen Hui , Ning Xinghai , Feng Xuli
Published: May 2021

A highly efficient nucleus-targeted multi-drug delivery nanoplatform based on clickable amino acid tuned self-assembly of chlorin e6 and doxorubicin has been prepared for enhanced photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.
Correction: On the electronic structure and hydrogen evolution reaction activity of platinum group metal-based high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Dongshuang , Kusada Kohei , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Toriyama Takaaki , Matsumura Syo , Gueye Ibrahima , Seo Okkyun , Kim Jaemyung , Hiroi Satoshi , Sakata Osami , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘On the electronic structure and hydrogen evolution reaction activity of platinum group metal-based high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles’ by Dongshuang Wu et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 12731–12736, DOI: 10.1039/D0SC02351E.
Correction: An auxiliary electrode mediated membrane-free redox electrochemical cell for energy storage
Authors: Venkatesan Senthil Velan , Karan Kunal , Larter Stephen R. , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘An auxiliary electrode mediated membrane-free redox electrochemical cell for energy storage’ by Senthil Velan Venkatesan et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2020, 4, 2149–2152, DOI: 10.1039/c9se00734b.
Selective dispersion of neutral nanoplates and the interfacial structure of copolymers based on coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Qin Jun , Li Xing , Lv Qing , He Min , Chen Mengyu , Xu Yong , Chen Xiaolang , Yu Jie
Published: May 2021

The selective dispersion of neutral nanoplates (NNP) and the control of the interfacial structure of copolymers are challenging.
The efficacy of Lewis affinity scale metrics to represent solvent interactions with reagent salts in all-inorganic metal halide perovskite solutions
Authors: Romiluyi Oluwaseun , Eatmon Yannick , Ni Ruihao , Rand Barry P. , Clancy Paulette
Published: May 2021

The Gutmann donor number (DN) and the lithium cation affinity (LCA) describe solvent-Lewis acid interactions in all-inorganic metal halide perovskite solutions.
A novel peptide targeting c-Met for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis
Authors: Tang Yongjia , Xu Haoran , Dai Yaxue , Wang Fang , Huang Wenjing , Liu Peifei , Gu Yueqing
Published: May 2021

Fluorescence and SPECT imaging of tumors with different c-Met expression.
Spinel Zn3V3O8 nanosheets via a one-step hydrothermal synthesis with peroxidase-like activity for high sensitivity glucose colorimetric detection in synthetic perspiration
Authors: Yang Guizeng , Lu Yi , Li Yi , Ying Meihui , Pan Haibo , Qi Jiayuan , Du Min
Published: May 2021

Hydrogen peroxide reacts with V4+ on (011) exposed facet of 2D Zn3V3O8 nanosheets to produce a hydroxyl radical via a Fenton-like reaction and its peroxidase-like activity is applied to glucose colorimetric detection.
Detection of electrolyte leakage from lithium-ion batteries using a miniaturized sensor based on functionalized double-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Du Xiaowen , Yang Ben , Lu Yang , Guo Xiaojun , Zu Guoqing , Huang Jia
Published: May 2021

The miniaturized sensor based on functionalized double-walled carbon nanotubes realized sensitive, stable and rapid response to dimethyl carbonate. It is promising to detect the leakage of lithium-ion batteries’ electrolytes.
Fully-printed flexible n-type tin oxide thin-film transistors and logic circuits
Authors: Liang Kun , Ren Huihui , Li Dingwei , Wang Yan , Tang Yingjie , Zhao Momo , Wang Hong , Li Wenbin , Zhu Bowen
Published: May 2021

We achieved fully-printed SnO2 based n-type thin-film transistors with high electrical performance and robust mechanical flexibility, promising for constructing low-cost, high-performance flexible electronic devices and circuits.
Excitation dependent multicolour luminescence and colour blue-shifted afterglow at room-temperature of europium incorporated hydrogen-bonded multicomponent frameworks
Authors: Yang Chaoqing , Artizzu Flavia , Folens Karel , Du Laing Gijs , Van Deun Rik
Published: May 2021

Multicoloured luminescence and long-lived blue-shifted afterglow have been obtained in a europium-doped hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF). The material displays multi-stimuli responsive emission with anticounterfeiting application potential.
Cell-specific epigenetic changes in atherosclerosis
Authors: Khan Abdul Waheed , Paneni Francesco , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin A.M.
Published: May 2021

Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium arteries that can lead to life-threatening cerebrovascular and cardiovascular consequences such as heart failure and stroke and is a major contributor to cardiovascular-related mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis development is a complex process that involves specific structural, functional and transcriptional changes in different vascular cell populations at different stages of the disease. The application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis has discovered not only disease-related cell-specific transcriptomic profiles but also novel subpopulations of cells once thought as homogenous cell populations. Vascular cells undergo specific transcriptional changes during the entire course of the disease. Epigenetics is the instruction-set-architecture in living cells that defines and maintains the cellular identity by regulating the cellular transcriptome. Although different cells contain the same genetic material, they have different epigenomic signatures. The epigenome is plastic, dynamic and highly responsive to environmental stimuli. Modifications to the epigenome are driven by an array of epigenetic enzymes generally referred to as writers, erasers and readers that define cellular fate and destiny. The reversibility of these modifications raises hope for finding novel therapeutic targets for modifiable pathological conditions including atherosclerosis where the involvement of epigenetics is increasingly appreciated. This article provides a critical review of the up-to-date research in the field of epigenetics mainly focusing on in vivo settings in the context of the cellular role of individual vascular cell types in the development of atherosclerosis.
Focal adhesion signaling: vascular smooth muscle cell contractility beyond calcium mechanisms
Authors: Ribeiro-Silva J.C. , Miyakawa A.A. , Krieger Jose E.
Published: May 2021

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility is essential to vessel tone maintenance and blood pressure regulation. In response to vasoconstrictors, calcium-dependent mechanisms promote the activation of the regulatory myosin light chain, leading to increased cytoskeleton tension that favors cell shortening. In contrast, SMC maintain an intrinsic level of a contractile force independent of vasoconstrictor stimulation and sustained SMC contraction beyond the timescale of calcium-dependent mechanisms suggesting the involvement of additional players in the contractile response. Focal adhesions (FAs) are conceivable candidates that may influence SMC contraction. They are required for actin-based traction employed by cells to sense and respond to environmental cues in a process termed mechanotransduction. Depletion of FA proteins impairs SMC contractility, producing arteries that are prone to dissection because of a lack of mechanical stability. Here, we discuss the role of calcium-independent FA signaling mechanisms in SMC contractility. We speculate that FA signaling contributes to the genesis of a variety of SMC phenotypes and discuss the potential implications for mechanical homeostasis in normal and diseased states.
Readability and Suitability of Spanish-Language Hearing Aid User Guides
Authors: Gaeta Laura , Garcia Edward , Gonzalez Valeria
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the readability and suitability of Spanish-language hearing aid user guides.

Method

Hearing aid user guides in English and Spanish were downloaded for analysis. Readability for the English guides was calculated using the Flesch Reading Ease Scale and the Flesch–Kincaid Readability Formula, and readability for the Spanish guides was calculated using the Fernandez–Huerta and Spaulding Formula and Fry Graph. The Suitability Assessment of Materials was used to rate the suitability of each Spanish and English pair of hearing aid user guides.

Results

Of the nine manufacturers that had materials available in English, only five had guides available in Spanish. Although readability for the Spanish and English user guides was similar, both guides were written, on average, at the eighth grade level. Suitability for the analyzed Spanish and English user guides was 78% and 80%, respectively.

Conclusions

Spanish-language hearing aid user guides were lacking in readability and suitability. Given that patients with limited proficiency in English, including the Hispanic population, are at risk for low health literacy, providers and manufacturers are encouraged to create more Spanish-language materials. User guides in both languages would benefit from revisions to improve readability and suitability.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14569497
Exploring Outcomes of an Asynchronous Learning Module on Increasing Cultural Competence for Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students
Authors: Daughrity Belinda
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Cultural competence is an essential tool for speech-language pathologists and other allied health care professionals in providing ethical and clinically competent care. Determining pedagogical approaches to teaching cultural competence skills to students training in preprofessional programs is imperative to effectively convey the importance of cultural awareness prior to students embarking on their professional careers.

Method

Forty-five (45) speech-language pathology graduate students were administered a multicultural knowledge quiz before and after a targeted, asynchronous learning module on cultural competence and again 2 months later.

Results

Quiz scores indicated significant findings immediately following a cultural competence learning module with an additional increase in scores at follow-up. Scores were not significant for minority background but were significant for clinical experience.

Conclusions

Evidence indicates a brief, targeted video module can positively impact cultural competence skills for speech-language pathology graduate students regardless of clinical experience. Results suggest a combination of targeted instruction along with repeated clinical experience produces the most significant improvement over time. As the current pilot study was employed to test methodology and results are not generalizable, implications for future pedagogical approaches and research studies with comprehensive methodological approaches are provided.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14569482
Irritant-Induced Chronic Cough Triggers: A Scoping Review and Clinical Checklist
Authors: Sandage Mary J. , Ostwalt Elizabeth S. , Allison Lauren H. , Cutchin Grace M. , Morton Mariah E. , Odom Shelby C.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The primary aim of this review was to identify environmental irritants known to trigger chronic cough through the life span and develop a comprehensive clinically useful irritant checklist.

Method

A scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews, checklist, and explanation. English-language, full-text resources were identified through Medline, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Results

A total of 1,072 sources were retrieved; of these, 109 were duplicates. Titles of abstracts of 963 articles were screened, with 295 selected for full-text review. Using the exclusion and inclusion criteria listed, 236 articles were considered eligible and 214 different triggers were identified. Triggers were identified from North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Occupational exposures were also delineated.

Conclusions

A clinically useful checklist of both frequently encountered triggers and idiosyncratic or rare triggers was developed. The clinical checklist provides a unique contribution to streamline and standardize clinical assessment of irritant-induced chronic cough. The international scope of this review extends the usefulness of the clinical checklist to clinicians on most continents.
Internal Consistency and Convergent Validity of Self-Report and By-Proxy Measures of Depression in Persons With Aphasia
Authors: Ashaie Sameer A. , Cherney Leora R.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Depression assessment is challenging in persons with aphasia given their language impairment. Studies have used both self-report scales and by-proxy measures of depression in persons with aphasia. However, the validity of these measures has been called into question. The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into aspects of validity of the community version of the Stroke Aphasia Depression Questionnaire (SADQ-10) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale–Revised (CESD-R).

Method

Twenty-four participants with chronic aphasia completed the CESD-R, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Mental Health scale (PROMIS GMH), and the Dynamic Visual Assessment of Mood Scales (D-VAMS) while their caregivers completed the SADQ-10. Internal consistency of the CESD-R and the SADQ-10 and the convergent validity of the CESD-R, SADQ-10, PROMIS GMH, and D-VAMS were examined.

Results

The SADQ-10 and the CESD-R were internally consistent. The CESD-R was moderately correlated with the SADQ-10, PROMIS GMH, and D-VAMS. However, the SADQ-10 was not correlated with the PROMIS GMH and D-VAMS.

Conclusions

We suggest both the CESD-R and the SADQ-10 be used together to screen for depression in persons with aphasia. Further studies with larger sample sizes need to be conducted to establish validity of other depression screening instruments in person with aphasia.
HNSF Log‐Demons: Diffeomorphic demons registration using hierarchical neighbourhood spectral features
Authors: Du Xiaogang , Gu Dongxin , Lei Tao , Wang Song , Zhang Xuejun , Meng Hongying
Published: May 2021

Many biomedical applications require accurate non‐rigid image registration that can cope with complex deformations. However, popular diffeomorphic Demons registration algorithms suffer from difficulties for complex and serious distortions since they only use image greyscale and gradient information. To address these difficulties, a new diffeomorphic Demons registration algorithm is proposed using hierarchical neighbourhood spectral features namely HNSF Log‐Demons in this paper. In view of three important properties of hierarchical neighbourhood spectral features based on line graph such as rotation invariance, invariance of linear changes of brightness, and robustness to noise, the hierarchical neighbourhood spectral features of a reference image and a moving image is first extracted and these novel spectral features are incorporated into the energy function of the diffeomorphic registration framework to improve the capability of capturing complex distortions. Secondly, the Nystrm approximation based on random singular value decomposition is employed to effectively enhance the computational efficiency of HNSF Log‐Demons. Finally, the hybrid multi‐resolution strategy based on wavelet decomposition in the registration process is utilised to further improve the registration accuracy and efficiency. Experimental results show that the proposed HNSF Log‐Demons not only effectively ensures the generation of smooth and reversible deformation field, but also achieves better performance than state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
Physics of ULIRGs with MUSE and ALMA: The PUMA project
Authors: Pereira-Santaella M. , Colina L. , García-Burillo S. , Lamperti I. , González-Alfonso E. , Perna M. , Arribas S. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Aalto S. , Combes F. , Labiano A. , Piqueras-López J. , Rigopoulou D. , van der Werf P.
Published: May 2021

We analyze new high-resolution (400 pc) ∼220 GHz continuum and CO(2–1) Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of a representative sample of 23 local (z < 0.165) ultra-luminous infrared systems (ULIRGs; 34 individual nuclei) as part of the “Physics of ULIRGs with MUSE and ALMA” (PUMA) project. The deconvolved half-light radii of the ∼220 GHz continuum sources, rcont, are between < 60 pc and 350 pc (median 80–100 pc). We associate these regions with the regions emitting the bulk of the infrared luminosity (LIR). The good agreement, within a factor of 2, between the observed ∼220 GHz fluxes and the extrapolation of the infrared gray-body as well as the small contributions from synchrotron and free–free emission support this assumption. The cold molecular gas emission sizes, rCO, are between 60 and 700 pc and are similar in advanced mergers and early interacting systems. On average, rCO are ∼2.5 times larger than rcont. Using these measurements, we derived the nuclear LIR and cold molecular gas surface densities (ΣLIR = 1011.5 − 1014.3 L⊙ kpc−2 and ΣH2 = 102.9 − 104.2 M⊙ pc−2, respectively). Assuming that the LIR is produced by star formation, the median ΣLIR corresponds to ΣSFR = 2500 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. This ΣSFR implies extremely short depletion times, ΣH2/ΣSFR < 1–15 Myr, and unphysical star formation efficiencies > 1 for 70% of the sample. Therefore, this favors the presence of an obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) in these objects that could dominate the LIR. We also classify the ULIRG nuclei in two groups: (a) compact nuclei (rcont < 120 pc) with high mid-infrared excess emission (ΔL6−20 μm/LIR) found in optically classified AGN; and (b) nuclei following a relation with decreasing ΔL6−20 μm/LIR for decreasing rcont. The majority, 60%, of the nuclei in interacting systems lie in the low-rcont end (<120 pc) of this relation, while this is the case for only 30% of the mergers. This suggests that in the early stages of the interaction, the activity occurs in a very compact and dust-obscured region while, in more advanced merger stages, the activity is more extended, unless an optically detected AGN is present. Approximately two-thirds of the nuclei have nuclear radiation pressures above the Eddington limit. This is consistent with the ubiquitous detection of massive outflows in local ULIRGs and supports the importance of the radiation pressure in the outflow launching process.
Synthesis of Nilotinin M3: An Ellagitannin Containing an Isodehydrodigalloyl Group
Authors: Abe Hitoshi , Imai Haruka , Kanzaka Yuta , Sunatsuki Yukinari
Published: May 2021

Total synthesis of nilotinin M3, which is a member of the ellagitannin family of natural products containing an isodehydrodigalloyl (isoDHDG) group, was achieved using the Ullmann reaction to construct a highly functionalized diaryl ether.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Nitrones through Conjugate Addition of α-Halo Hydrazones to Nitroso Compounds
Authors: Zhao Hong-Wu , Bi Xiao-Fan , Pang Hai-Liang , Tang Zhe , Zhang Heng , Cai Lu-Yu , Wu Hui-Hui , Fan Xiao-Zu
Published: May 2021

In the presence of Na2CO3, conjugate addition of α-halo hydrazones to nitroso compounds proceeded readily to give polyfunctionalized nitrones in reasonable chemical yields and excellent stereoselectivities. The chemical structure and the stereochemical configuration of the products were unambiguously identified by an X-ray single-crystal structural analysis.
The Mystery behind Relaxation Therapy: Adieu to Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Jose Ancy , Nayak Sabitha , Kamath Neetha , M. Nalini
Published: May 2021

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a very common condition leading to physical, emotional, and psychological distress in females during their reproductive years. Researchers found that as many three of every four menstruating women have experienced some form of PMS. Although the severity of this problem is great, a lot of confusion exists in both medical and lay communities about what is and is not effective for the treatment of PMS. It has a wide variety of signs and symptoms and it may tend to recur in a predictable pattern. The physical and emotional changes experienced with PMS may vary from just slightly noticeable to very intense. Lifestyle adjustments in every kind can help to reduce or manage the signs and symptoms of PMS. Apart from all these, one of the most beneficial methods to reduce the difficulties of PMS is relaxation therapy which includes meditation, visualization, autogenic, Tai Chi, hydrotherapy, exercise, massage, aromatherapy, biofeedback, relaxation breathing, progressive muscle relaxation (Jacobson’s progressive relaxation therapy and The Mitchells progressive relaxation therapy) and yoga. Thus when remedies are available why not we celebrate the inborn power of relieving PMS in women.
Mechanisms of Soft Tissue Injury
Authors: Arosarena Oneida A. , Eid Issam N.
Published: May 2021

Soft tissue trauma to the face is challenging to manage due to functional and aesthetic concerns. Management requires careful regional considerations to maintain function such as visual fields and oral competence in periorbital and perioral injuries, respectively. Basic wound management principles apply to facial soft tissue injuries including copious irrigation and tension-free closure. There is no consensus and high-level evidence for antibiotic prophylaxis especially in various bite injuries. Ballistic injuries and other mechanisms are briefly reviewed. Scar revision for soft tissue injuries can require multiple procedures and interventions. Surgery as well as office procedures such as resurfacing with lasers can be employed and will be reviewed.
Massive Transfusion Protocols in Obstetric Hemorrhage: Theory versus Reality
Authors: Salmanian Bahram , Clark Steven L. , Hui Shiu-Ki R. , Detlefs Sarah , Aalipour Soroush , Meshinchi Asl Nazlisadat , Shamshirsaz Alireza A.
Published: May 2021

Objective Massive transfusion protocols are widely implemented in obstetrical practice in case of severe hemorrhage; however, different recommendations exist regarding the appropriate ratios of blood product components to be transfused. We report our extensive experience with massive component transfusion in a referral center in which the standard massive transfusion protocol is modified by ongoing clinical and laboratory evaluation.

Study Design A retrospective chart review of all patients who had massive transfusion protocol activation in a level 4 referral center for obstetrical practice was performed from January 2014 to January 2020. Data collected included the etiology of obstetrical hemorrhage, number of blood products of each type transfused, crystalloid infusion, and several indices of maternal morbidity and mortality. Data are presented with descriptive statistics.

Results A total of 62 patients had massive transfusion protocol activation, of which 97% received blood products. Uterine atony was found to be the most common etiology for massive hemorrhage (34%), followed by placenta accreta spectrum (32%). The mean estimated blood loss was 1,945 mL. A mean of 6.5 units of packed red blood cells, 14.8 units of fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate, and 8.3 units of platelets were transfused per patient. No maternal deaths were seen.

Conclusion The ratios of transfused packed red blood cell to fresh frozen plasma/cryoprecipitate and of packed red blood cell to platelet units varied significantly from the fixed initial infusion ratio called for by our massive transfusion protocol resulting in universally favorable maternal outcomes. When rapid laboratory evaluation of hematologic and clotting parameters is available, careful use of this information may facilitate safe modification of an initial fixed transfusion ratio based on etiology of the hemorrhage and individual patient response.

Key Points
Board Certification and Surgeon's Fee for Aesthetic Rhinoplasty
Authors: Blasberg Elizabeth A. , Golden Jacquelyn , Rubin Samuel , Spiegel Jeffrey H.
Published: May 2021

Elective rhinoplasty surgeons' fees vary considerably and are influenced by geographic surgeon density, surgeon's experience, local economic factors, patient demand, and other factors. The American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the American Society of Plastic Surgery, and other organizations certify physicians who profess expertise in rhinoplasty. We sought to determine if specific board certification or experience correlates with higher rhinoplasty fee. An internet search was conducted of seven U.S. metropolitan areas using the search terms “rhinoplasty and “city name.” Top search results were surveyed for rhinoplasty fee, years of experience, annual volume of rhinoplasties, board certification, and other demographic data. Using both univariate and multivariate comparisons, the data were analyzed for forces having significant correlation with rhinoplasty fee. Sixty-seven surgeons were included in the study. The average price for ABFPRS certified surgeons was significantly higher than surgeons with other board certifications ($10,550.00 ± 3,722.10 compared with $8,524.50 ± 2816.30, p = 0.0142). The volume of rhinoplasties performed per year was also significantly correlated with fee charged for rhinoplasty by the surgeon (r = 0.37773, p = 0.032). Additionally, surgeons practicing on the West Coast (LA) charged significantly higher fees ($12,059.09 ± 3014.53) compared with the Mid United States. ($8316.07 ± 2449.43) and the East Coast ($9152.86 ± 3639.78) (p = 0.0047). On multivariable linear regression, controlling for volume of rhinoplasty and region of the United States, ABFPRS certified surgeons charged significantly higher fees for rhinoplasty (p = 0.0230). ABFPRS board certification correlates with higher fees charged for rhinoplasty. Other important variables include surgeon's annual rhinoplasty and practice on the West Coast.
Acute Essex-Lopresti Syndrome: About a Case of Brachioradialis Tendon Transfer
Authors: Charlotte Gabriel , Honecker Sophie , Xavier Fred , Facca Sybille , Lazarus Priscille , Liverneaux Philippe
Published: May 2021

Background The classic treatment for acute Essex-Lopresti syndrome is closed reduction percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). This work aimed to verify whether it was possible to add a transfer of the brachioradialis tendon to the pinning.

Case Description The patient was a 39-year-old right-handed man, climbing instructor, who sustained the Mason II fracture and disjunction of the DRUJ. A transfer of the brachioradialis tendon severed from its muscle attach that was made through a bone tunnel passing through the radius and the neck of the ulna. The clinical and radiological result at the 6-month follow-up was satisfactory.

Literature Review and Clinical Relevance Our results in a single case showed that the brachioradialis tendon transfer was useful in acute Essex-Lopresti syndrome.
Valproic Acid Administration in Management of Status Epilepticus Causing Reye’s Syndrome
Authors: Kamath Pooja Prabhakar
Published: May 2021

Introduction Valproic acid is commonly used to treat seizures in children. Regular use of valproic acid is known to cause hepatic dysfunction, and in extremely rare cases, it is known to have caused Reye’s syndrome. There are very few reports of Reye’s syndrome caused by valproic acid use.

Methods A 2-year asymptomatic girl underwent modified Blalock–Taussig shunt surgery for correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Postoperatively the girl developed status epilepticus, which did not subside with initial use of intravenous midazolam and phenytoin sodium. She eventually responded to two doses of intravenous valproic acid administered 10 minutes apart. She developed depressed sensorium and was put on mechanical ventilation. The following day’s laboratory investigations revealed raised levels of serum ammonia, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) with normal serum bilirubin. Thus, a diagnosis of Reye’s syndrome was established. The patient succumbed to disease 2 days later.

Discussion Reye’s syndrome is a rare and a fulminant illness seen typically in children following a viral illness and/or use of salicylates or other medications. There are rare reports of Reye’s syndrome following use of medications like valproic acid. This patient had a noninflammatory encephalopathy with hepatic dysfunction following two doses of valproic acid.

Conclusion There are very few reports on Reye’s syndrome in the literature as it is a rare condition and diagnosis is difficult. Knowledge of the presentation of Reye’s syndrome is essential for treatment and management. When using drugs like valproic acid in children, liver enzymes and serum ammonia levels should be monitored.
Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injuries: An Overview and A Review of Literature
Authors: M. Vinoth , Joshi Abhijit
Published: May 2021

​ Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide. Iatrogenic bile duct injury (IBDI) is a serious complication of LC and has an incidence of 0.3 to 0.7%. Since it is associated with a significant and potentially lifelong morbidity as well as mortality, diagnosing IBDI as early as possible is of paramount importance. Management of bile duct injuries and prognosis of their surgical repair depend on the timing of its recognition, type and the extent of the injury. In this paper, we present a case of IBDI and attempt to discuss all its dimensions.
Method for creating a three-dimensional magnetic null point topology with an accurate spine axis
Authors: Chesny D. L. , Orange N. B. , Dempsey C.
Published: May 2021

Three-dimensional magnetic null points (3D nulls) are sites of dynamic activity in a wide range of naturally-occurring and laboratory plasma environments. The topology of a 3D null is defined by a two-dimensional fan plane of radial field lines and a one-dimensional, collimated spine axis. Here, we build on previous work that was able to form an extended 3D null topology using an assembly of circular conducting coils, with each coil carrying a constant current. While that magnetic field design decayed from the mathematically pure form away from the central null, this paper introduces an algorithm for modulating the current through each coil to form a more mathematically pure spine axis along the entirety of the coil assembly. By the method of solving an inverse problem, we demonstrate that unique currents exist for any arbitrary distribution of axially-aligned circular coils for creating an accurate spine axis in a 3D null topology. Tests of this algorithm are performed on spherical, cylindrical, and cone-shaped coil assemblies. Vector magnetic field mapping of these small-scale demonstrators verifies that an accurate spine axis is maintained along the entire central axis of the coil assemblies. The magnetic field accuracy is roughly maintained along the fan plane but decays strongly toward the outer extents of the coils. The inverse method presented here is not limited to 3D null topologies but can be adapted to match any theoretical form of the magnetic field along a single axis.
Experimental study on improving oil recovery in fluvial reservoir with polymer solutions
Authors: Wang Shikai , Shi Leiting , Ye Zhongbin , Zhang Xiaoqin , Zhang Long , Li Xia
Published: May 2021

To study the displacement law of polymer flooding in fluvial reservoirs, physical simulation cores are designed according to the characteristics of strong planar heterogeneity in such reservoir systems. Three different polymer solutions, namely, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer (AP-P4), and long-term shear retardant polymer (LSRP), are analyzed through oil displacement experiments. The results show that, in the simulated fluvial reservoir core model, the sweep efficiency of water flooding is about 80%, but the recovery is only about 20%, with poor oil displacement efficiency. The effects of HPAM and AP-P4 on improving sweep efficiency are poor, as they cannot effectively sweep the low- and medium-permeability areas on either side of the central core. The polymer LSRP, which has higher viscosity and better viscoelasticity, can effectively expand the sweep volume, with the sweep efficiency reaching 97.8%, but there is still the potential to greatly improve the oil displacement efficiency. The results indicate that, in fluvial reservoirs under the experimental conditions, expanding the sweep volume requires high-performance polymer solutions. The enhanced oil recovery method is required to obtain a greater oil displacement effect. The results provide a reference for the selection of displacement agents for the development of fluvial reservoirs.