bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF ARCHIVED GIEMSA-STAINED BLOOD SMEARS AND RDT FOR PCR-BASED GENOTYPING OF Plasmodium vivax MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1 IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN PROVINCE, INDONESIA: PCR-Based Genotyping of Pvmsp-1 in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Lestarisa Trilianty , Arwati Heny , Dachlan Yoes Prijatna , Keman Soedjajadi , Syafruddin Din
Published: January 2022

Background: Plasmodium vivax is transmitted most across the country of Indonesia. The country has set out a malaria elimination program by 2030. The information on genetic diversity of malarial parasites relates to malaria transmission in an endemic area may provide the information that can help the malaria control program to achieve the target. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of the Pvmsp-1 gene in Central Kalimantan Province. Materials and Methods: Samples were 140 of archived Giemsa-stained blood smear and rapid detection test. Samples were divided into the indigenous and migrant populations. After confirmation by single-step PCR, only P. vivax and mixed infection samples were amplified to nested PCR for genotyping of Pvmsp-1 allelic variation in segments F1, F2, and F3. Results: Genotyping of 23 PCR positive samples resulted in 13 genotypes. In segment F1, three allelic variants type A containing subtype A1 (1,050 bp), A2 (350 bp), A3 (150 bp), and type B (100 bp). In segment F2, mono genotypes were detected as variant type A (1,050 bp) and type B3 (150 bp), multiple genotypes were detected as type B containing subtype B1 (250 bp), B2 (200 bp), and B3 (150bp). In segment F3, three allelic variants generated from four mono genotypes were type A (350 bp), type B (300 bp), and two type C (250 bp). Conclusion: The low allelic variation of Pvmsp-1 gene may reflect the actual situation of the low malaria endemic status of the study sites.
PHARMACY HEALTH SYSTEM IN CANADA: AN ADOPTABLE MODEL FOR ADVANCED CLINICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
Authors:   Nida Taha, Nazir Taha
Published: January 2022

The philosophy of patient care is a wide and complicated topic of literature. That is elaborated by different health institution to harmonize their local clinical activities. Undoubtedly, that is working successfully to satisfy patients, fulfill the requirement of clinicians and cover maximum mutual benefits within officially allocated budget.
THE EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTIC /ANTISEPTIC COMBINATION ON PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES TO OVERCOME ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE. THE EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTIC /ANTISEPTIC COMBINATION ON PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES TO OVERCOME ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE.
Authors:   Wafaa S. Khalaf, Abbas Rehab A
Published: January 2022

Acne vulgaris has been treated usually with antibiotics. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) play a crucial role in its pathogenesis, however, P. acnes has been described to develop antibiotic resistance.
HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FLUOROMETHOLONE AND SODIUM CROMOGLYCATE IN BULK AND OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION Authors
Authors:   Abdulla A. Elshanawany, Hafez Hani M.
Published: January 2022

Fluorometholone and Sodium Cromoglycate are used in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. A validated HPLC method was developed for the assay of them. The method was performed on BDS HYPERSIL C18 column (250x4.6 mm, 5Î¼) and the mobile phase consisted of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 4.5, 0.025M) - Acetonitrile (40:60, V/V) which pumped at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min at ambient temperature. 20 Âµl of drugs sample solutions were monitored at two fixed wavelengths (lambda = 240.0 nm for Sodium Cromoglycate and 330.0 nm for Fluorometholone). The proposed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision and limits of detection and quantitation according to ICH
POTENTIATION OF THE CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF MELOXICAM AGAINST COX-2 NEGATIVE COLON CANCER CELLS BY NANOPARTICULATE ENCAPSULATION
Authors:   Rawan Al-Karaki, Awadallah Areeg
Published: January 2022

The aim of the current work was to elucidate whether the nanoencapsulation of meloxicam would allow its exertion of anticancer activity on colon cancer cells despite lacking COX-2 expression.
Tax Debt in the Bankruptcy Dispute: Industries Badja Garuda Inc. v.s. Tax Office of Medan Belawan
Authors: Murniati Rilda , Tobias Richmond Cosmas
Published: January 2022

The biggest problem for the debtor who is the business actor is his inability to repay the loan to the creditors in case the business activities have problems. The inability to pay may result in the debtor being petitioned for bankruptcy by the creditor or the debtor himself. Curator as the party who performs the management and the settlement of all debtor debts is obliged to make a bill list based on the nature and rights of the bills of creditors as stipulated in Act Number 37 Year 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Obligation for Payment of Debts (the Law 37/2004). The problem that occurred in the case of Bankruptcy of Industries Badja Garuda Inc. (IBG Inc.) that the Tax Office of Medan Belawan (Tax Office) made a legal effort against the list of tax bills made by the curator of IBG Inc. which set Tax Office as the concurrent creditor through renvoi procedures to the Court Commerce so that the Tax Office loses its precedent over tax debt as stipulated in the Law of Commercial Court refuses the request so that the cassation law is also applied to the Supreme Court which in its decision strengthen the decision of the District Court. For that reason, there is a review effort but the Supreme Court in its sentence Number 45 PK/Pdt.Sus/Pailit/2016 still reinforces the previous verdict. This research is normative research with descriptive type and problem approach applied is normative applied with case study type of court decision. The result of the research indicates that the Tax Office has lost its predecessor right as regulated in Article 21 Paragraph (4) in Act Number 16 Year 2009 regarding General Provisions and Tax Procedures (the Law 16/2009) on the status of tax debt of IBG Inc.
The Role of Madrasah Anti Korupsi to Reach Indonesia Clean of Corruption
Authors: Ariyady Franky , Gufroni Gufroni
Published: January 2022

Crruption virus, has become an epidemic, damages all the joints of our civilization. Based on the data Corruption Perception Index 2016, Indonesia won 37 points last year, improved by one point in 2015 which was recorded 36 points. But still, Indonesia is a corrupt country because it is still below the average of 43 points. Anti-corruption movements must continue to be massively duplicated, all elements of civil society must be part of the anti-corruption movement. The congregation movement against corruption through the Anti-Corruption Madrasa (MAK) is a genetics of the Muhammadiyah movement, since a century ago. From the results of the research, the fact revealed the fight against corruption and building an anti-corruption culture through MAK is a new interpretation of al-maun's theology in the second century of Muhammadiyah today. There are 2 big goals from MAK. First, fostering anti-corruption awareness starts with oneself (ibda bi nafsi). Second, together fighting against corruption by involving other anti-corruption civil society organizations.
Law on Asset Recovery for Corruption in Indonesia: An Urgent Need
Authors: Sekar Langit Jatu Pamungkas  , Kuswardani
Published: January 2022

Corruption is an organized crime, so that its existence is required to complete the law not only for the perpetrators but also for the results of acts of corruption which are often not found with a track record of all assets of corruption. This study aims to examine legal products in Indonesia regarding the seizure of assets resulting from criminal acts of corruption. Philosophically, the existence of criminal acts of corruption is a form of state responsibility to eradicate because there is not yet a strong legal basis to regulate the mechanism of confiscation effectively in the enforcement of corruption. This research method uses normative juridical with conceptual legal approach with qualitative descriptive research type. The results of this study can be concluded that the urgency of the establishment of the Draft Law on the confiscation of assets resulting from acts of corruption is to change the legal paradigm in law enforcement of criminal acts of corruption which is not only focused on perpetrators of corruption but assets resulting from criminal acts of corruption can be returned based on the amount of losses suffered by the perpetrators of corruption. country. The effectiveness of the law with the formation of these legal products closes the gaps that have so far arisen so that it triggers the existence of criminal acts of corruption.
Evaluación clínica e imagenológica de la articulación temporomandibular en pacientes sometidos a condilectomía como tratamiento de hiperplasia unilateral. Estudio de serie de casos
Authors: Laguna-Monagas Héctor Andrés , Hernández-Andara Adalsa , Ortega-Pertuz Ana , Cordsen Hans , Gudiño Ronar , Contreras Carlos
Published: January 2022

La hiperplasia condilar unilateral (HCU) es un crecimiento excesivo, no neoplásico y autolimitante del cóndilo mandibular que se suele iniciar durante la pubertad, con predilección en las mujeres, y se considera una aberración del mecanismo de crecimiento normal del cóndilo. Este crecimiento anormal continúa hasta mediados de los 20 años y produce prognatismo mandibular, asimetría facial y oclusal, con el desplazamiento progresivo de la mandíbula al lado contralateral. El propósito de este reporte fue describir dos casos de HCU tratados con condilectomía alta (CA) y cirugía ortognática en pacientes del sexo femenino (23 y 25 años), con énfasis en sus aspectos clínicos e imagenológicos y su seguimiento posquirúrgico tardío. Ambas pacientes presentaron resultados estéticos satisfactorios, sin dolor/ruido relacionado con la articulación temporomandibular, apertura bucal dentro del rango de normalidad y relación canina y molar clase I. En la tomografía computarizada, se observaron signos de remodelación en el cóndilo intervenido. La CA combinada con cirugía ortognática es un tratamiento adecuado en casos de hiperplasia unilateral, lo que devuelve la funcionalidad y la estética al paciente. La remodelación ósea observada en los cóndilos intervenidos parece indicar que la cabeza mandibular mantiene su capacidad adaptativa aún en pacientes adultos.
Russian Emigration and the USA. F. Stepun and M.M. Karpovich (Preface to the Publication of Letters from F.A. Stepun to M.M. Karpovich)
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Кantor Vladimir K.
Published: January 2022

The author examines a geopolitical line in the development of Russian philoso­phy in emigration. Not only the Russian revolution of 1917, not only the Nazi revolution of 1933–1935, but the Second World War changed the balance of power on the intellectual map of the world. Hitler was defeated by the Soviet Union with the help of the Anglo-American allies. As a result, two blocks emerged. They got a taste for the disposal of Europe and other countries of the United States, the USSR also strengthened, expanding the area of its influence (“Eastern bloc”). Should emigrants return to Russia? Bunin tried, but at the bor­der he turned back after reading articles about Akhmatova and Zoshchenko in the Pravda newspaper. Remain in a devastated and half-starved Europe, which has no time for emigrants? Or choose the third path where the track has al­ready been paved. Russian intellectuals from Germany have already settled in the United States, many have taken root there, some have returned. This, in essence, was the second emigration, the continuation of the first. There was already an experience of flight, but there was also a craving for German culture, which, despite the German Nazism sweeping through the world, Russian thinkers highly valued. They – as it should be in trouble – held on to each other. An example of this intellectual collaboration is Karpovich and Stepun.
Science as a Path to Creative Work: to the History of Philosophical Discussions at Leningrad State University in the 1950s–1960s
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Osipov Igor D. , Rybas Aleksandr E. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University
Published: January 2022

The article examines the philosophical discussions at the Faculty of Philosophy of Leningrad State University during the Khrushchev “thaw”, initiated by the need to study the phenomenon of science and resulted in the organization of the Leningrad philosophical school. Having analyzed the issues brought up by the Leningrad philosophers and the research methodology they used, the authors conclude that this school mainly developed problems of science philosophy. Therefore, the definition of the Leningrad school as an ontological one (as op­posed to the Moscow gnoseological school), which is widespread in Russian his­torical and philosophical literature, is far from being correct. Moreover, it makes it difficult to see the relevance of the philosophical achievements of the Lenin­grad thinkers since it provokes to consider their ideas exclusively in the context of the disputes around the definition of matter, which took place among the theo­rists of dialectical materialism in Soviet times. On the contrary, considering the works written by the Leningrad philosophers in the 1950s–1960s from the point of view of the current philosophy of science allows us to better understand the philosophical innovations and original ideas of the Leningrad school. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the views of V.I. Svidersky and V.A. Shtoff, the founders of the Leningrad school of philosophy of science. The authors also consider the works of A.D. Aleksandrov, rector of Leningrad State University (1952–1964), and those of the deans of the Faculty of Philosophy of Leningrad State University V.P. Tugarinov (1951–1960) and V.P. Rozhin (1960–1969), who contributed to the popularization of scientific-philosophical doctrines at the uni­versity and helped to organize candid discussions. The views of some other Leningrad philosophers of science, e.g. A.S. Mamzin, L.O. Reznikov, G.A. Pod­korytov, V.P. Bransky, A.S. Carmin, are mentioned as well to trace back the de­velopment of the Leningrad school.
To Live and to Die Opening speech of Academician I.T. Frolov at the Opening of the Conference Devoted to the Problems of Life and Death (Moscow, 1993) Preface to the Publication
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belkina Galina L. , Korsakov Sergey N. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Frolova Maria I. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The transcript of the opening speech of Academician I.T. Frolov at the opening of the Conference dedicated to the problems of life and death is published. The conference was organized in 1993 by the Institute of Man of the Russian Acad­emy of Sciences. In his opening speech at the conference, I.T. Frolov summed up the results of ten years of work on the problem of the meaning of life, death and immortality of man, which began with the publication of his articles on this topic in the first issues of the journal “Voprosy Filosofii” in 1983. In his 1993 speech, I.T. Frolov spoke about the program of tanatological research of the Institute of Man of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He shared his thoughts on the prob­lem of life and death in Russian philosophy and culture, and analyzed the prospects for research of this problem by modern science. The text of the tran­script was discovered in 2020 by the Group for the Study of the Creative Heritage of I.T. Frolov of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
About the mind. Going back to Nicholas of Cusa
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Lobastov Gennady V.
Published: January 2022

The article expresses the internal connection between the historical culture of philosophical thinking and the modern understanding of the thinking ability. Since antiquity, thinking has understood itself as a form of comprehending a thing from its own nature. The immersion of this problem in the diverse subject material of today’s reality, more than ever, makes it timely to present this prob­lem in its universal form – in order to give a theoretical basis for a reasonable at­titude to reality. Philosophy is looking for the absolute foundations of being, and therefore, at every stage of its development, it somehow comes into contact with the absolute form of its thinking. The moments of contact between the absolute content of being and the absolute form of the thinking ability are therefore of lasting value. The genesis of thinking activity within real being and its reversal in consciousness is always and everywhere (for any science) a meaning-forming matter. The article presents the research of the logical beginning in the under­standing of the mind and justifies the need to reach the principle of the identity of being and thinking. It is shown that the classical line in the history of philoso­phy is fundamentally relevant in the modern understanding of the problem of thinking. This fundamental significance logically strictly outlines the boundaries of the system analysis, without which philosophical science sinks into empirical material and loses the classical philosophical and logical inner validity of its thinking. The justification of this circumstance finds its support in the historical philosophical tradition. Therefore, in the article, the analysis of the concept of mind as the potency of thinking is combined with some analyses of this ability by Nikolai Kuzansky.
A Glimpse of the Beginning of the Path
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Burgete Ayala Marina R.
Published: January 2022

The article raises the question of whether the question of human transformation was raised at the time of the entry of European civilization on the technogenic path of development and its transition to the modern era. We are talking about a short period of time (XVI century) and limited geographical space (Iberian Peninsula) in this spatio-temporal interval, you can find the actual and textual confirmation of the beginning of such a transition. The work, which is discussed in more detail – “New philosophy of nature man, not known and not reached by the great ancient philosophers, which improves human life and health. Compiled by Dona Oliva Sabuco” (1587). Her basic idea: on the physical condition, health and life expectancy of a person can be influenced if you study and understand how it is influenced by the inherent his passions, emotions. It is shown that the study of philosophical and medical texts the past allows you to find the points of transition to a new civilizational dominant, the central category that invariably remains “human”, earlier than in others areas of knowledge. It is in them that numerous intersection points are found: daily care of a person the search for true scientific knowledge about his anatomy and physiology and care for his moral and spiritual condition, upbringing and education subsequent generations and even the possibility of existence after death.
Institute of Philosophy as a State Organization and Social Institution
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Guseynov Аbdusalam А. , Smirnov Andrey V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The article examines the 100-year history of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IF) as a state organization and a special social institution. It traces the history of systematization of philosophical knowledge in an encyclopedic form: the initial plan (early 1920s) of G.G. Shpet to focus ef­forts on the question “What is philosophy?”; the project of the historical study of philosophy in the light of materialistic dialectics as its pinnacle (1928–1930); a partly realized plan (late 1930 – early 1940) of writing a 7-volume world his­tory of philosophy; “Philosophical Encyclopedia” in 5 volumes (1960–1970); “New Philosophical Encyclopedia” (2000–2001) in 4 volumes. The article shows the contradictory interaction of the tasks of the study of philosophy and its development. In the history of IF, the following stages are highlighted: the dog­matism of 1930–1940, the humanistic turn of the mid-1950s, rejection of the mo­nopoly of Marxist philosophy, pluralism of post-Soviet philosophy. The contem­porary situation has put into question the traditional beliefs what a human being is. The challenges from the brain and cognitive sciences highlight a new under­standing of consciousness and reason, which creates a common field of research for the IF and exciting creative perspectives for its staff
“Philosophy of Life” by Aleksei F. Losev: New Materials on the Problem. Aleksei F. Losev. Life, ed. by Elena A. Takho-Godi
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Takho-Godi Elena A. ,   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences,,   Library-Museum “A.F. Losev House”
Published: January 2022

The paper focuses its attention on A.F. Losev’s ‘philosophy of life’, which is one of the key components of his creative heritage. The main stages of development of Losev’s ‘philosophy of life’ are identified: the early period, which is charac­terized by his interest in experimental psychology, in interpretation of percep­tions of the world and in music as an art analogous to life itself; the period of the 1920s when The Dialectics of Myth and Supplement to ‘The Dialectics of Myth’ are created drawing a phenomenologo-dialectical picture not only of social life – the concrete representations of various ‘relative mythologies’, but also of an ‘ab­solute mythology’ – the life of the Absolute Itself; the 1930s–1940s when, along­side the artistic presentation of the author’s ‘philosophy of life’ in philosopho-musical prose, attempts are made to formulate strict dialectics of life as a philo­sophical category, to determine its correlation with such categories as ‘essence’, ‘existence’, ‘non-existence’, ‘consciousness’, ‘the unconscious’, ‘miracle’, ‘genus’, ‘persona’, ‘genius’, ‘tragedy’, ‘death’, ‘instinct’, ‘mystic knowledge’, etc. The paper raises a question of the evolution of Losev’s ‘philosophy of life’, which is evidenced by the transfer of the logical emphasis – in the early 1940s in the short story “Life” (the author’s title is “On contempt for death”) – from such a critical for Losev’s philosophy of the late 1920s category as ‘miracle’ to the category of ‘sacrifice’, and also by abandonment of the category ‘myth’. It outlines the philosophical tradition of interpretation of ‘philosophy of life’ in Russian religious philosophy: E.N. Trubetskoy – S.L. Frank – A.F. Losev. At­tention is drawn to the connection of Losev's philosophy of life with his mathe­matical studies of infinitesimals, which makes to recall not only the ideas of G. Cohen, but also Leo Tolstoy’s ‘philosophy of history’. Losev’s notes of 1933 on the relationship between soul and body, as well as a strict dialectical notes notes “Life” (created approximately in the second half of the 1930s) are concep­tualized for the first time and introduced for scholarly use. The text of these notes is reproduced from the manuscript copies in the personal archive of the philosopher. All conjectures are placed in angle brackets, the spellingand the punctuation of the original has been preserved.
Super-resolved 3D Tracking of Cargo Transport Through Nuclear Pore Complexes by Astigmatism Imaging
Authors: Chowdhury Rajdeep , Sau Abhishek , Musser Siegfried M.
Published: January 2022

This protocol describes a two-color astigmatic imaging approach that enables direct 3D visualization of cargo transport trajectories relative to a super-resolved octagonal double-ring scaffold structure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Though astigmatism imaging is commonly achieved via a cylindrical lens, this protocol utilizes an adaptive optics (AO) system, which enables optimization of the astigmatism for the precision needs of the experiment as well as correction of the focal mismatch arising from chromatic aberrations in multi-color applications. With this approach, single particle spatial precision values in x, y, and z are typically 5-20 nm, and these depend on astigmatism, photon level and position in z. The method enables resolution of transport conduits through the ~60 nm diameter pore of NPCs by particle tracking on the millisecond timescale. The success of this approach is enabled by the high rigidity of fully active NPCs within the nuclear envelope of permeabilized cells. For a detailed application of this protocol, please refer to https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-021-00815-6. The figure and table numbers in this protocol that are indicated with an “NCB” prefix (e.g., NCB Figure X) refer to the figures and table in this reference paper.
Clear evidence against superconductivity in hydrides under high pressure
Authors: Hirsch J. E. , Marsiglio F.
Published: January 2022

The Meissner effect, magnetic field expulsion, is a hallmark of superconductivity. Associated with it, superconductors exclude applied magnetic fields. Recently Minkov et al. presented experimental results reportedly showing “definitive evidence of the Meissner effect” in sulfur hydride and lan-thanum hydride under high pressure1. Instead, we show here that the evidence presented in that paper does not support the case for superconductivity in these materials. Together with experimental evidence discussed in earlier papers, we argue that this clearly indicates that hydrides under pressure are not high temperature superconductors.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-based Guidelines Update on the Role of Neuropathology in the Management of Progressive Glioblastoma in Adults
Authors: Goodman Abigail , Vega José E. Velázquez , Glenn Chad , Olson Jeffrey J.
Published: January 2022

Target population These recommendations apply to adult patients with progressive or recurrent glioblastoma (GBM).QuestionFor adult patients with progressive glioblastoma does testing for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 mutations provide new additional management or prognostic information beyond that derived from the tumor at initial presentation?RecommendationLevel III: Repeat IDH mutation testing is not necessary if the tumor is histologically similar to the primary tumor and the patient’s clinical course is as expected. Question For adult patients with progressive glioblastoma does repeat testing for MGMT promoter methylation provide new or additional management or prognostic information beyond that derived from the tumor at initial presentation and what methods of detection are optimal?Recommendation Level III: Repeat MGMT promoter methylation is not recommended. Question For adult patients with progressive glioblastoma does EGFR amplification or mutation testing provide management or prognostic information beyond that provided by histologic analysis and if performed on previous tissue samples, does it need to be repeated?RecommendationLevel III: In cases that are difficult to classify as glioblastoma on histologic features EGFR amplification testing may help in classification. If a previous EGFR amplification was detected, repeat testing is not necessary. Repeat EGFR amplification or mutational testing may be recommended in patients in which target therapy is being considered.Question For adult patients with progressive glioblastoma does whole genome or large panel sequencing provide management or prognostic information beyond that derived from histologic analysis?RecommendationLevel III: Primary or repeat whole genome or large panel sequencing may be considered in patients who are eligible or interested in molecularly guided therapy or clinical trials.QuestionFor adult patients with progressive glioblastoma should immune checkpoint biomarker testing be performed to provide management and prognostic information beyond that obtained from histologic analysis?RecommendationLevel III: The current evidence does not support making PD-L1 or mismatch repair (MMR) enzyme activity a component of standard testing.QuestionFor adult patients with progressive glioblastoma are there meaningful biomarkers for bevacizumab responsiveness and does their assessment provide additional information for tumor management and prognosis beyond that learned by standard histologic analysis?RecommendationLevel III: No established Bevacizumab biomarkers are currently available based upon the inclusion criteria of this guideline.
A Modified ACO with K-OPT for Restricted Covering Salesman Problems in Different Environments
Authors: Dutta Prasanta , Khan Indadul , Basuli Krishnendu , Maiti Manas Kumar
Published: January 2022

In this study, the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is modified with the K-opt operation to solve the covering salesman problem(CSP) under one restriction in crisp and imprecise (fuzzy, rough) environments. A CSP involves two phases- the division of cities into groups with the selection of the visiting cities and searching of the Hamiltonian circuit through the visiting cities. But, none of the studies in the literature is made following the direct approach. Also, none of the studies in the literature gives attention to reduce the total travel distance of the unvisited cities from the visited city of a group. Moreover, there is no algorithm in the literature which provides the solution of a CSP with the specified coverage range $r$. Also, none has introduced any algorithm to solve CSPs in imprecise environments. Though algorithms are available to solve the Traveling Salesman Problems in the imprecise environments, the approach cannot deal with the problems involving fuzzy data with non-linear membership functions or the problems involving rough data where the rough estimation can not be done using Lebesgue measure. The well establish algorithm for any routing problem is the ACO, but not much attention has been paid to solve the CSP using ACOs. To overcome these limitations on the studies of the ACO on the CSPs, here, an algorithm is proposed for the division of groups of the set of cities depending upon the maximum number of cities in a group and the total number of groups. Then ACO is used to find the shortest/minimum-cost path of the problem by selecting only one visiting the city from each group without violating the restriction of the specified coverage range $r$ of the location of the unvisited cities. K-opt operation is applied periodically at the end of ACO operation to improve the quality of the best found solution so far by the ACO algorithm and to arrest any premature convergence. For the restricted problems paths are searched in such a manner that the total distance/travel cost of different unvisited cities of a group from the visited city of the group should not exceed a predefined upper limit. To solve the problem in an imprecise environment some approach is followed so that the tour is searched without transferring the imprecise optimisation problem into an equivalent crisp optimisation problem. Also, the simulation approaches in fuzzy and rough environments are proposed to deal with the CSPs with any type of estimation of the imprecise data set. Algorithm is tested with the standard benchmark crisp problems available in the literature. To test the algorithm in the imprecise environments, the imprecise instances are derived randomly from the standard crisp instances using a specified rule. Test results imply that the proposed algorithm is efficient enough in solving the CSPs in the crisp as well as in the imprecise environments.
Characterization and Evaluation of Novel Maglev EDM with Existing EDM
Authors: Shukla Shashank , Sisodiya Mangal Singh , Bajpai Vivek
Published: January 2022

At present, the machining performance of the existing EDM technology depends upon the commonly used pulsed power supply and gap control mechanism. The complexity and the higher cost of the above said vital components, reflected in the product cost. A simple electrical circuit has been applied to control the voltage and the electric magnet so that the tool electrode can levitate over the workpiece at the desired distance (electrode gap). A prototype is fabricated with the DC power supply and the maglev levitation mechanism. To evaluate novel maglev EDM technology with the existing EDM technology, experiments were conducted on Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a brass tool. The discharge waveform of maglev EDM has shown the discharge voltage and current and the absence of short-circuit at high duty factor. A predictive model is formulated by dimensional analysis based on MRR and average surface roughness. The experimental result of conventional EDM from the literature were used to prepare the model. The maglev EDM is showing higher MRR and surface roughness than the prediction. Surface morphology showed similar surfaces as formed in EDM. The specific energy analysis showed that the developed maglev EDM performs in reported data range. It is noted that the proposed technology is in its early stage and the performance is significantly comparable with the existing technology. Therefore, it is expected that the research in this area may help to develop an economically sustainable alternative to the existing costly and complex EDM technology.
Quantitative three-dimensional imaging of chemical short-range order via machine learning enhanced atom probe tomography
Authors: Li Yue , Wei Ye , Wang Zhangwei , Colnaghi Timoteo , Han Liuliu , Rao Ziyuan , Zhou Xuyang , Huber Liam , Dsouza Raynol , Neugebauer Jörg , Marek Andreas , Rampp Markus , Bauer Stefan , Li Hongxiang , Baker Ian , Stephenson Leigh , Gault Baptiste
Published: January 2022

Chemical short-range order (CSRO) refers to atoms of specific elements self-organising within a disordered crystalline matrix. These particular atomic neighbourhoods can modify the mechanical and functional performances of materials 1-6. CSRO is typically characterized indirectly, using volume-averaged (e.g. X-ray/neutron scattering) 2,7,8 or through projection (i.e. two-dimensional) microscopy techniques 5,6,9,10 that fail to capture the complex, three-dimensional atomistic architectures. Quantitative assessment of CSRO and concrete structure-property relationships remain unachievable. Here, we present a machine-learning enhanced approach to break the inherent resolution limits of atom probe tomography to reveal three-dimensional analytical imaging of the size and morphology of multiple CSRO. We showcase our approach by addressing a long-standing question encountered in a body-centred-cubic Fe-18Al (at.%) solid solution alloy that sees anomalous property changes upon heat treatment 2. After validating our method against artificial data for ground truth, we unearth non-statistical B2-CSRO (FeAl) instead of the generally-expected D03-CSRO (Fe3Al) 11,12. We propose quantitative correlations among annealing temperature, CSRO, and the nano-hardness and electrical resistivity, supported by atomistic simulations. The proposed strategy can be generally employed to investigate short/medium/long-range ordering phenomena in a vast array of materials and help design future high-performance materials.
Role of Combination Treatment of Aspirin and Zinc in DMH-DSS Induced Colon Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Tumor Progression in Male BALB/C Mice
Authors: Babu Singothu Siva Nagendra , Singla Shivani , Jena G. B.
Published: January 2022

Colitis-associated colorectal cancer serves as a prototype of inflammation-associated cancers which is linked with repeated cycles of inflammation and DNA repair deficits. Several preclinical and clinical data reported that aspirin has chemo preventive effect in colorectal cancer and is associated with dose dependent side effects. Further, it has been reported that zinc supplementation improves the quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy by alteration of colonic cancer cell gene expression. However, explication of the detailed molecular mechanisms involved in combined administration of aspirin and zinc mediated protection against the colitis associated colorectal cancer deserves further investigation. For the induction of colitis associated colorectal cancer, male BALB/c mice were administered 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) 20 mg/kg/bw thrice, before the initiation of every DSS cycle (3%w/v in drinking water). One week after the initiation of DSS treatment, aspirin (40 mg/kg; p.o.) and zinc in the form of zinc sulphate (3 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered for 8 weeks. Combination of aspirin and zinc as intervention significantly ameliorated DAI score, myeloperoxidase activity, histological score, apoptotic cells and protein expression of various inflammatory markers including nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκBp65), cycloxygenase -2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6); proliferation markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression significantly decreased and antioxidant enzymes nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2), metallothionein, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased as evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.
A systematic review of blue carbon as an approach for Eco-DRR: current gap and future research
Authors: Ogunwumi Taiwo , Armstrong Margarethe-Elizabeth Graves
Published: January 2022

Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), such as wetlands, marshes, mangroves, and seagrasses, warrant increased attention for their abilities to protect life, property, and environments locally and globally. BCEs serve as both buffers reducing coastal hazards and carbon sinks storing ‘blue’ carbon in aquatic plant life and soils. While research exists on BCE functions and benefits, their global diversity necessitates a collection of localized research investigating the unique dynamics and histories of distinct BCEs. The historic degradation of coastal ecosystems proves the need for purposeful, well-informed, sustainable ecosystem management to conserve and restore BCEs. We conducted a systematic literature review to understand the existing body of research on synergies between BCEs and ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR). We investigated how prior research employed various research methods, discussed key aspects of sustainable land management, and considered geographic locations and scales. We discovered localized case studies have incredible insights on the efficacy of BCEs along with context-specific strategies for sustainable ecosystem management. However, as these case studies are not plentiful and are concentrated in North America and Asia, they do not account for the diversity of BCEs. We suggest increased support for localized research on the benefits and implementation of BCEs as Eco-DRR measures.
Ecological Impacts of the African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus at Environmental Protection Area in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Dumith Michelle Torres , Santos Alejandra Filippo Gonzalez Neves dos
Published: January 2022

The African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is considered one of the most important species of catfish for aquaculture. It has a great capacity to withstand several stress factors, such as harsh abiotic conditions, in addition to wide feeding flexibility. However, the species was detected in the Guapimirim Environmental Protection Area in southeastern Brazil, threatening native fish diversity and ecosystem functioning of this ecosystem. In 2018, during the dry and wet seasons, samples of the fish community were collected at thirty-two sites of the Guapi-Macacu River, in addition to abiotic variables (salinity, pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and transparency) to diagnose which factors influence the distribution of the alien species along the river. Multivariate analyses indicated that African catfish dominate the region in the buffer zone to the Environmental protection area, benefiting from higher levels of dissolved oxygen and temperature. However, C. gariepinus does not dominate yet the most protected area of Guapimirim, where the highest percentage of native fish species inhabit. Climate change associated with changes in abiotic factors might significantly contribute to the dominance of the invasive alien species in this protected area, which might colonize the entire river.
Activation of the Brain During Motor Imagination Task with Auditory Stimulation
Authors: Li Long , Zhang Yanlong , Fan Liming , Zhao Jie , Guo Jing , Li Chenxi , Liu Tian , Wang Jue
Published: January 2022

Background: Auditory feedback is one of the most important feedback in cognitive process. It plays an important guiding role in cognitive motor process. However, previous studies on auditory stimuli mainly focused on the cognitive effects of auditory stimuli on cortex, while the role of auditory feedback stimuli in motor imagery tasks is still unclear.Methods: 18 healthy subjects were recruited to complete the motor imagination task stimulated by meaningful words and meaningless words. In order to explore the role of auditory stimuli in motor imagination tasks, we studied EEG power spectrum, frontal parietal mismatch negativity (MMN) and inter test phase-locked consistency (ITPC). one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) correction were used to test the differences between the two experimental groups and the differences of different bands in each experimental group.Results: EEG power spectrum analysis showed that the activity of contralateral motor cortex was significantly increased under the stimulation of meaningful words, and the amplitude of mismatch negative wave was also significantly increased. ITPC is mainly concentrated in μ, α and γ bands in the process of motor imagery task guided by the auditory stimulus of meaningful words, while it is mainly concentrated in the β band under the meaningless words stimulation.Conclusions: This results may be due to the influence of auditory cognitive process on motor imagery. We speculate that there may be a more complex mechanism for the effect of auditory stimulation on the inter test phase lock consistency. When the stimulus sound has the corresponding meaning to the motor action, the parietal motor cortex may be more affected by the prefrontal cognitive cortex, thus changing its normal response mode. This mode change is caused by the joint action of motor imagination, cognitive and auditory stimuli. This study provides a new insight into the neural mechanism of motor imagery task guided by auditory stimuli, and provides more information on the activity characteristics of the brain network in motor imagery task by cognitive auditory feedback.
Using ZnCo2O4 Nanoparticles as The Hole Transport Layer to Improve Long-Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jheng Bo-Rong , Chiu Pei-Ting , Yang Sheng-Hsiung , Tong Yung-Liang
Published: January 2022

Inorganic metal oxides with the merits of high carrier transport capability, low cost and superior chemical stability have largely served as the hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in recent years. Among them, ternary metal oxides gradually attract attention because of the wide tenability of the two inequivalent cations in the lattice sites that offer interesting physicochemical perperties. In this work, ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a chemical precipitation method and served as the HTL in inverted PSCs. The device based on the ZnCo2O4 NPs HTL showed better efficiency of 12.31% and negligible hysteresis compared with the one using PEDOT:PSS film as the HTL. Moreover, the device sustained 85% of its initial efficiency after 240 hours storage under a halogen lamps matrix exposure with an illumination intensity of 1000 W/m2, providing a powerful strategy to design long-term stable PSCs for future production.
DEGENERATED LEMMA (DEL) Is a New Allele of OsRDR6 That Regulates Lemma Development and Affects Rice Grain Yield
Authors: You Jing , Duan Qiannan , Zhang Jun , Shen Wenqiang , Zhou Yue , Xiao Wenwen , Ye Li , Zhang Xinfang , Xiang Yan , He Zhifeng , Song Shunyi , He Guanghua , Li Yunfeng , Zhang Ting
Published: January 2022

The lemma and palea are floral organ structures unique to grasses, and their development affects grain size. However, information on the molecular mechanism of lemma development is limited. In this study, we investigated a rice spikelet mutant, degenerated lemma (del), which developed florets with a slightly degenerated or rod-like lemma. The results indicate that the mutation of the DEL gene interfered with lemma development. In addition, del also showed a significant reduction in grain length and width, seed setting rate, and 1000-grain weight, which led to a reduction in yield. The results indicate that the mutation of the DEL gene further affects rice grain yield. Map-based cloning shows a single-nucleotide substitution from T to A within Os01g0527600/DEL, causing an amino acid mutation of Leu-34 to His-34 in the del mutant. DEL is an allele of OsRDR6, encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6, and is highly expressed in the spikelet. RT-qPCR results show that the expression of some floral organ identity genes was changed, which indicates that the DEL gene regulates lemma development by modulating the expression of these genes. The present results suggest that DEL plays an important role in lemma development and rice grain yield.
Modeling Impacts of Mining Activity-induced Landscape Change on Local Climate
Authors: Bi Hongru , chen wei , Li Jun , Guo Junting , She Changchao
Published: January 2022

As a major energy source, coal has been mined on an increasingly larger scale as the social economy has continuously developed, resulting in drastic land type changes. These changes in turn cause changes in the local climate and affect the local ecological environment. Therefore, for coal cities, mining activities are an important factor influencing the local climate, and clarifying the impact of mining activities on the ecological environment is important for guiding regional development. In this paper, the impact of land use/cover changes (LUCCs) on local temperature in the spring and summer seasons from 1980 to 2018 was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with Xilinhot city as the study area, and the regional distribution of local surface energy was analyzed in conjunction with the ground-air energy transfer process. The results show that the grassland area in Xilinhot remained above 85% from 1980 to 2018, so mining activities had a small impact on the average temperature of the whole region. However, in the mining area, the warming effect caused by mining activities was more obvious, with an average temperature increase of 0.822 K. Among other land transformation types, the conversion to water bodies had a very obvious cooling effect, lowering the temperature by an average of 2.405 K. By comparing the latent heat flux (LH), sensible heat flux (SH) and ground heat flux (GRD) under different land use types, it was found that in 2018, the LH decreased by 0.487 W/m2, the SH decreased by 0.616 W/m2 and the GRD decreased by 0.753 W/m2. The conversion to built-up urban land caused a significant decrease in the LH in the corresponding area, allowing more energy to be used to increase SH values, which resulted in significantly higher urban temperatures than in other areas.