bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rice Growth Response and Yield to Different Planting Systems in Merauke Regency, South Papua
Authors: Beding Petrus A. , Palobo Fransiskus , Tiro Batseba M. W , Lewaherilla Niki E , Soplanit Alberth
Published: December 2023

Technological use potentially serves as the main factor in increasing production and productivity. One of the cultivation technologies that could be used to increase rice productivity through Legowo cultivation system and tegel system. Previous studies report that jajar legowo planting system could increase productivity by 1-1.5 tonnes/ha, or by more than 30% when compared to conventional planting systems. The study was conducted in Kamangi Village, Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency from April to July 2019. This study applied a factorial randomized design, with the first being four rice varieties: Inpari 35, Inpari 36, Inpari 37 and Inpari 43. The second factor was the cultivation approaches, including jajar legogo and tegel planting systems. The rice field used in the study was owned by farmers and covered an area of 3 hectares, with 1.5 hectares using the jajar legowo 4:1 planting system and the remaining 1.5 hectares using the tegel planting system. The parameters observed included plant height, number of productive tillers, number of panicles per hill, and dry grain yield per plot. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), If the results of the analysis of variance show a real effect, then proceed with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The research results indicate that the productivity of the Inpari 37 variety using the jajar legowo 4:1 cultivation technique shows better results compared to the tegel system.
Applications of Natural Rooting Inducer and Immersion Time on Root Growth of Chrysanthemum Shoot Cuttings
Authors: Rineksane I.A. , Khasanah U. , Sarjiyah
Published: December 2023

Chrysanthemum is a cut ornamental plant whose production in Indonesia in 2021 occupies the highest position namely 344 million compared to other ornamental plants. Production of chrysanthemum seedlings using the shoot cuttings method requires growth regulators to support the rooting process. It is necessary to use natural growth regulators which are cheaper and easier to obtain to encourage cutting root growth. This study aims to determine the appropriate natural root induction substances and immersion time for root induction of shoot cuttings of Chrysanthemum morifolium sp. This research was conducted at Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study was conducted using a single-factor experimental method and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications and 5 samples for each replication. The treatments tested were 80% shallot extract, 100% coconut water, and 100% rice water with an immersion time of 5, 15, and 25 minutes respectively, and commercial rooting induction substances-Rootone F® which was applied and left for 5, 15 and 15 minutes. Parameters observed were the percentage of viable cuttings, plant height increase, the number of leaves increased, percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight. Observations were analysed using analysis of variance at the α level of 5%. If there is a significant difference between the treatments tested, then a further test is carried out using Duncan‘s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that 80% shallot extract with 15 minutes of immersion could replace the use of Rootone-F® and showed the best relative results on the parameters of the number of roots, root fresh weight, and root dry weight of Chrysanthemum morifolium cuttings.
Characterization of Fusarium Wilt Disease Among Different Strawberry (Fragaria sp.) Cultivars In Indonesia
Authors: Triasih U , Harsonowati W , Dwiastuti M E , Widyaningsih S.
Published: December 2023

Strawberry can be intensively cultivated in small-scale farms without a sequential crop rotation over time. However, to prevent pathogen infection, strawberry requires a continuous pesticide treatment that can harm soil qualities and exacerbate soil-borne pathogen infection. One of the important soil-borne diseases found in strawberries is fusarium wilt. Characterization of symptoms and disease resistance in different cultivars are crucial. This research aims to evaluate the disease resistance level of several strawberry cultivars to the causing pathogen. Eight strawberry cultivars were used in this research, i.e. OSO Grande, SC Pujon, EBI 13, Korea, Local Batu, Chandler, BK and RB AOI. These cultivars were inoculated with the pathogen to assess level of the disease resistance by root dip inoculation method. In this research, Fusarium oxysporum is found to be the main cause of crown rot and wilting in these cultivars. The disease intensities were not significantly different among cultivars. The highest and lowest intensities of the infected crown were recorded in the Korea and BK cultivars with 50% and 16.7% respectively, although there are differences in percentage of crown infected. Similarly, the crown root diameter is not significantly different among cultivars. On the other hand, the trichome size of these cultivars appeared to be affected by the pathogen infection, shown by the size reduction in the infected cultivars.
Application of 1-MCP does not slow down the ripening process of Mango (Mangifera indica L)
Authors: Prabasari Indira , Setiawan Chandra K. , Utama Nafi A. , Mabsyuroh Minna A.
Published: December 2023

Fruits and vegetables are perishable so that they are easily degraded and thus have a short shelf life. Some studies have been carried out intensively to extend the shelf life of fruit with the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) which is an ethylene inhibitor (indirectly) to slow down the ripening process and extend its shelf life. The benefits of using 1-MCP to delay fruit softening have also been published, however the inhibition of ripening and fruit softening by 1-MCP in mango (Mangifera indica) is very limited. 1-MCP delays fruit softening during storage by indirectly inhibiting ethylene synthesis and slowing the activity of cell wall-damaging enzymes, such as pectin methyl esterase (PME). To study the effect of 1-MCP on mango fruit quality and its shelf life, the experiment was carried out by measuring weight loss, colour, firmness, vitamin C, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and reducing sugars periodically. For all fruit samples, the pulp was chopped, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then stored at 8°C until further use. The results showed that application of 1-MCP at room temperature did not slow down neither the senescence process nor the shelf life of mango fruit on weight loss, colour, firmness, vitamin C, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and reducing sugars parameters.
The Effectiveness of Mixed Materials on the Acceleration and Quality of Sugar Palm Dregs Compost
Authors: Sarjiyah  , Novitasari M D , Mulyono
Published: December 2023

Due to the high nutrient, sugar palm dregs can work as compost. The high fiber content and C/N ratio of sugar palm dregs (99.4%) are obstacles because it takes a long time for the decomposition process, so it is necessary to add mixed ingredients to achieve a C/N ratio of 30:1 and speed up the composting process. This study aims to examine the effect of the types of mixed materials on the speed of the composting process and the quality of sugar palm dregs and to obtain the most effective mixture in accelerating the composting process and producing sugar palm dregs compost according to SNI compost. This research was conducted using an experimental method using a single-factor design arranged completely randomized. The factors studied included mixed ingredients in composting sugar palm stem dregs, such as Azolla, tofu dregs, and Gliricidia leaves. The amount of mixed material added to the sugar palm dregs compost was based on the calculation of the C/N ratio of 30:1. The treatment is as follows: A = (15 kg of sugar palm stem dregs + 12 kg of Azolla + molasses), B = (15 kg of sugar palm stem dregs + 37 kg of tofu dregs + molasses), C = (15 kg of sugar palm stem dregs + 13 kg of Gliricidia leaves + molasses) and D = (15 kg of sugar palm stem dregs + molasses). The results showed that the Azolla mixture was the most effective in accelerating composting and producing the best sugar palm dregs compost.
Efficacy of Organic Matter Briquette Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer towards Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth on Coastal Sandy Soil
Authors: Budiyanto G
Published: December 2023

Application of organic briquettes has promising potency to optimize the efficacy of nitrogen fertilization for maize cultivation (Zea mays L.) under sub-optimal condition. This present study was aimed to select the type of organic briquette to be combined with N fertilizer as well as determine the ratio of the mixture to promote higher growth performance of maize on coastal sandy soil. This study was designated using completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors, namely doses of organic briquettes and doses of N fertilizer. As the control for the treatment, the non-briquette forms were also applied. Five replicates were prepared for each treatment. The results showed that organic briquettes application improved the efficacy of N fertilization. Specifically, briquette made from chicken manure significantly enhanced the maize growth on coastal sandy soil with the dose of 10 tons per hectare. This result was marked by the highest yield, namely corn cobs per plant (159.82 g).
Land Evaluation for Cassava Cultivation in Southern Slope of Mount Merapi: Case Study in Palemsari Hamlet, Umbulharjo Village (Cangkringan, Sleman)
Authors: Budiyanto G , Aisyah S N
Published: December 2023

Palemsari Hamlet (Umbulharjo Village, Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency) is one of areas located in Southern Slope of Mt. Merapi, which was directly affected by the eruption cycle of Mt. Merapi. The aftereffect of 2010 eruption had reduced land productivity, making it less suitable for crop cultivation. Therefore, this study was aimed to re-evaluate the land suitability of Palemsari Hamlet, particularly for cassava cultivation, after 10 years of eruption. This study was carried out from June – November 2021 in Palemsari Hamlet. Physiographic conditions and soil properties were observed through survey. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and spatially to determine the characteristics through a series of laboratory analysis. This data was used to determine the class of land suitability. Results showed that the land suitability in PalemsariHamlet was considered as moderately suitable (S2) for cassava cultivation. This area was found to have less suitable soil texture due to the high percentage of sand fraction. According to this result, the soil condition in Palemsari Hamlet is potential to be used for cassava cultivation with the support of organic matter application to improve its physical properties. This recommendation could be beneficial for the future land use planning in the affected areas of Mt. Merapi eruption.
Applying a machine learning method for cumulative fatigue damage estimation of the IEA 15MW wind turbine with monopile support structures
Authors: Ren C , Xing Y
Published: December 2023

Offshore support structures are critical for offshore bottom-fixed wind turbines, as they bear nearly all the mass and loading of wind turbine systems. In addition, the support structures are generally subjected to a harsh environment and require a design life of more than 20 years. However, the design validation of the support structure normally needs thousands of simulations, especially considering the fatigue limit state. Each simulation is quite time-consuming. This makes the design optimization of wind turbine support structures lengthy. Therefore, an effective approach for estimating the fatigue damage of wind turbine support structures is essential. This work uses a machine learning method named the AK-DA approach for cumulative fatigue damage of wind turbine support structures. An offshore site in the Atlantic Sea is studied, and the related joint probability distribution of wind-wave occurrences is adopted in this work. The IEA 15MW wind turbine with monopile support structure is investigated, and different wind-wave conditions are considered. The cumulative fatigue damage of the monopile support structure is estimated by the AK-DA approach. The numerical results showed that this machine learning approach can efficiently and accurately estimate the cumulative fatigue damage of the monopile support structure. The efficiency is increased more than 55 times with an error of around 1%. The AK-DA approach can highly enhance the design efficiency of offshore wind support structures.
Effect analysis of wooden fence width on wave transmission by SWASH model
Authors: Mai T , Dao H T , Ngo T T A , Pham H H , Liu Y
Published: December 2023

Wooden fences, a permeable structure, have become a nature-based solution for supporting traditional structures to restore mangrove forests along the Mekong deltaic coasts. Even though prior studies have explored a number of hydraulic functions of these fences, an in-depth investigation into the influence of fence width on wave dissipation and damping is needed to consider. Therefore, this paper employs a numerical approach to thoroughly examine the impact of fence width on wave damping. The findings illustrate the substantial role of fence width in governing the dissipation of incoming waves. The correlation between the transmission coefficient and the fence width is established. This relationship also concludes that the larger the fence thicknesses, the lower the transmission coefficients. Notably, the study also identifies that the transmission coefficient experiences a slight decline beyond a certain width threshold.
An approach for fatigue life assessment of a road bridge based on measured corrosion and actual traffic loading
Authors: Gebremeskel M T , Cruz A T , Adasooriya N D
Published: December 2023

Fatigue and corrosion play a significant role in the aging of steel bridges, especially in a marine environment. An absence of fatigue strength curves for details which are exposed to corrosive environments, realistic traffic load models and accurate damage accumulation models increase the susceptibility of fatigue damage of steel bridges. In this paper, remaining fatigue life of a road bridge is assessed based on the measured corrosion wastage and more realis-tic traffic loads. Corrosion fatigue is also studied as it is one of the main factors that reduce the fatigue life and recently proposed fatigue strength curve for structural details exposed to corrosive environments is utilized for this study. A non-linear fatigue damage accumulation model is used for life assessment apart to the conventional damage model, Miner’s rule. The calculated fatigue lives are compared and discussed in quantitative manner to identify the most conservative remaining life and corresponding methods.
Ship emission projections based on time series forecasting model for sustainable shipping in the strait of Malacca and Singapore
Authors: Ten K-H , Kang H-S , Wong K-Y , Siow C-L , Ong C-H , Hoo K-C , Liu Y
Published: December 2023

As maritime activities continue to play a pivotal role in global trade, concerns over ship emissions’ environmental impact have intensified. This study presents detailed projection of ship emissions in Strait of Malacca and Singapore (SOMS), based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. By harnessing the rich AIS dataset, emission profiles were developed out of the ship activities data. To envision a sustainable maritime future, we incorporate some possible scenarios around the region combined with a time series forecasting model to project the future conditions of ship emission in SOMS. By analysing the conditions in each scenario, essentials for shaping intelligent systems for efficient maritime traffic can be discovered. Our analysis considers evolving factors such as various ship properties, operational modes, and trajectories. The results provide insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and environmental planners seeking to mitigate the local maritime sector’s carbon footprint. This study signified the value of AIS data-driven approach to facilitate regional strategist in confronting resolutions for greener maritime operation, aligning with the transition to intelligent and sustainable practices in the maritime industry within the SOMS.
Open material database for tensile test properties of additive manufacturing materials
Authors: Garcia-Granada A A , Rostro-González H. , Puigoriol-Forcada J M , Reyes-Pozo G
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the investigation of material properties within additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has gained significant research attention. The intricate interplay between numerous fabrication parameters and the resultant material properties of 3D-printed components has become crucial, particularly for enabling effective topology optimization. Considering this, we propose the establishment of an accessible open database. This repository stores a comprehensive collection of fabrication files corresponding to each distinct material and printer combination, accompanied by the outcomes of meticulous tensile testing. To support the research community, our initiative extends to the inclusion of material provider datasheets, facilitating comprehensive result comparisons. A standardized approach utilizing consistently applied strain rates is recommended, focusing on a compact dog bone specimen design. This pioneering attempt encompasses an expansive array of data derived from 25 distinct materials and 9 diverse printers, meticulously capturing the inherent variability within the samples. The database catalogues the complete spectrum of tensile test data, encompassing various essential measurements such as mass, and crucial material properties including Young’s modulus, yield stress, fracture strain, and absorbed energy. These recorded metrics can be seamlessly correlated against density, manufacturing time, or cost parameters, enabling the generation of insightful plots and analysis. Through this collaborative effort, we aim to provide researchers with a robust foundation for informed decision-making and advancements in additive manufacturing.
Comparative analysis of artificial neural network model and analysis of variance for predicting defect formation in plastic injection moulding processes
Authors: Dejene N D , Wolla D W
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the impact of plastic injection moulding process parameters on overflow defect formation. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array design. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural networks is explored and compared with ANOVA predictions. To assess model performance, the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) is applied. The study considered temperature, speed, pressure, and packing force when constructing the MLP model using the back-propagation algorithm in Python. Results show that among the configured MLP neural networks, the 3-layer MLP architecture with sigmoid activation functions in hidden layers and a linear function in the output layer exhibited the lowest prediction error and the highest coefficient of determination. Comparative analysis reveals that the MLP neural network outperforms the ANOVA model, indicating superior prediction accuracy. The predicted outcomes from the ANN align well with experimental values, demonstrating the effectiveness of the ANN model in forecasting defect formation under specific process conditions. This research sheds light on the significance of process parameters and showcases the potential of MLP neural networks as a valuable tool in predicting and mitigating overflow defects in plastic injection moulding.
Day-ahead optimal scheduling of micro gas turbine-based microgrid considering electricity and heating energy
Authors: Zhang Q , Assadi M
Published: December 2023

Microgrids are considered as the crucial element in the integration of various distributed energy resources in buildings. They are capable of operating in both grid-connected and islanded mode and have shown immense potential in absorbing renewable energy. However, the widespread implementation of intermittent renewable energy sources, coupled with variable electricity pricing, has significantly increased the operation uncertainty of microgrids. This paper presents an analysis of the operation strategies of an integrated energy system that includes a micro gas turbine, a ground source heat pump, PV panels with the aim of meeting the heating and electricity demands of a commercial building. To facilitate this endeavor, a neural network model for micro gas turbines was developed with a focus on fast computation time and high accuracy in capturing off-design performance. Furthermore, mathematical models for ground source heat pump, PV panel were developed and validated using the Modelica language. Dymola optimization package was utilized to derive the day-ahead scheduling followed by one-hour intervals for the system, with the purpose of minimizing the electricity and heating costs associated with the system. The results demonstrate that the total costs could be reduced by approximately 51% during the analyzed period, indicating a promising avenue for cost savings in the system’s operation.
Numerical analysis of the construction integrity on the example of a prosthetic device
Authors: Hadžikadunić Fuad , Mujkanović Ahmed , Vukojević Nedeljko , Bajtarević-Jeleč Amna
Published: December 2023

The lower limb prosthesis, as the specific object of this biomechanical research, has the task of restoring the normal function of the missing part of the human body. Creating a prosthesis exclusively for the end user is a very complex process. The subject of analysis in this work is the analysis of forces, deformations and stress state on the example of structural elements of the lower prosthetic device with the aim of understanding the integrity of the structure under the action of variable load. This analysis is one of the bases for the overall approach to the design of prosthetic aids for the end user, and especially the creation of the socket, as the most important element of a prosthesis in contact with man’s residuum. The main goal of this work is to estimate the real value of the load of a complex prosthesis, to understand the effect of the load on the elements of the observed example of construction, and to understand the load transfer on the connection of the prosthesis structure with the socket. After defining the real load values, the performed numerical analysis indicated the critical points of the construction, the need to use more accurate material properties in the “foot” element, and in the “socket” zone, the possibility for corrections of the shape and thickness of the wall.
Antifungal protection of beech wood using plant extracts
Authors: Stefanović Mimica , Todorović Nebojša , Milić Goran , Lovrić Aleksandar
Published: December 2023

In this research, the antifungal efficacy of dry plant extracts of Chinese cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum cassia L.), Rtanjski tea herb (Satureja montana L.) obtained by water extraction and extract of Thyme herb (Thymus serpyllum L.) obtained by ethanol-water extraction was investigated against the fungi Coniophora puteana and Serpula lacrymans, which cause brown rot, and the fungus Trametes versicolor, which causes white rot of hardwood and conifers. Five different concentrations of plant extracts were tested, and water was used as a solvent. Samples of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica ssp. moesiaca (Maly) Czeczott.) were treated by the immersion method with solutions of plant extracts and exposed for 60 days to the action of the test fungi. The smallest mass loss (%) of beech wood when affected by each of the test fungi was in samples treated with Thymus serpyllum extract at a concentration of 25%, followed by Satureja montana at the same concentration. Cinnamomum cassia bark extract did not show significant antifungal activity against the test fungi at any concentration. The obtained results can affirm the use of dry plant extracts as ecologically acceptable agents in the preventive protection of non-resistant wood species against rotting fungi.
Power losses in the MOSFET transistors of switching-mode converters
Authors: Kunov Georgi , Brusev Tihomir , Gadjeva Elissaveta
Published: December 2023

The power losses in the MOSFET transistors of switching-mode converters are investigated and analyzed. The results presented in this paper are achieved using software Cadence OrCAD. The simulation model suitable for estimation of energy dissipations in MOSFET transistors is proposed. The power losses as a function of different circuit’s parameters, like switching frequency, power supply voltage and output current are evaluated. The PSpice model of MOSFET transistor “BSC020N03MS” of the company Infineon is used in the presented analysis. Control circuit, which realize the adaptive deadtime (ADT) control technique depending on the load current, is applied to reduce the switching power losses in the MOSFET transistor. Thus, the efficiency of the switching-mode converters can be increased.
Software system for automatic reading, storing, and evaluating scanned paper Evaluation Sheets for questions with the choice of one correct answer from several offered
Authors: Hadžić Đulaga , Saletović Enes , Kapić Zinaid
Published: December 2023

Although the technology to automatically score multiple-choice tests has been around for several decades, it is still not as widely available or affordable, especially for paper-based test processing. The main reasons that hinder these processes are the lack of software systems capable of working with contents that are not filled optimally and do not require expensive scanners or other costly equipment. In this study, we present a software system for the automatic reading, storing, and evaluation of scanned assessment sheets. This software system offers a solution that only requires the usual scanned Evaluation Sheets in the form of a not high-resolution image and with the help of specific markers, the system performs reading, storage, and scoring. The user interface is designed to read and display the data from the Evaluation Sheets in detail so that they are very understandable to the user and allow him to quickly spot any errors. The tool has been validated over six years of use and has been continuously improved throughout that period. Thus, this software system achieves a high level of reliability and sensitivity to different levels of the quality of filling out Evaluation Sheets by students.
One experimental research with cement substitution by fly ash
Authors: Džidić Sanin , Poprženović Arnel
Published: December 2023

Compared to all other construction materials, concrete is by far the most utilized construction material worldwide today. Billions of tons of natural virgin materials have been mined and processed worldwide to produce concrete. Such industrial processes and facilities leave significant unfavourable ecological traces in nature. In addition, it is assumed that the concrete production industry together with the cement industry emits seven percent of the total CO2 emissions in the world. For every ton of cement produced, 0.9 ton of CO2 is released into the atmosphere. It is almost certain that there will be no reduction in concrete production in the world in the coming years, but the question arises as to how and in what way to reduce the use of cement in concrete production. One of the mineral additives to the binder is fly ash, which has pozzolanic properties and is produced as a by-product of thermal power plants and is available in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This research considers questions whether and to what extent it is possible to replace cement with fly ash and how this substitution affects the compressive strength of concrete using referenced concrete mix with local concrete ingredients.
Experimental and Analytical Deformation Analysis of Truss Members
Authors: Hodžić Damir , Veladžić Elma
Published: December 2023

Paper presents comparative analysis of experimental and analytical results of mechanical properties on truss members. Deformations are experimentally determined on the model of plexiglass truss, using six strain gauges. Strain gauges are measuring the deformation of truss members at the pre-defined measuring points. Knowing modulus of the elasticity and Hooke’s law, it is possible to calculate the stress values. The experimental stress values will be compared with the values obtained by the software and the results will be analyzed.
Analysis of foundation solution for the noise protection walls on the reinforced earth
Authors: Veladžić Asmin , Gačo Dženana , Veladžić Aida
Published: December 2023

This paper brings the introduction of the analysis of foundation solution for the noise protection walls on the reinforced earth along the Highway Corridor Vc, a road and rail transport corridor that connects Hungary, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, included in the network of Pan-European transport corridors. A solution with pile foundations made of steel IPE profiles is presented in detail. During the design and modelling, as well as the calculation of the structural foundation, the modern software program PLAXIS was used, and the calculation was made in accordance with EN 1997 Eurocode 7, Geotechnical Design. Special attention is devoted to the analysis of the impact of driving IPE steel profiles, as foundation piles, on reinforced earth. The presented solution was then verified by an additional control calculation and a field test of the impact of the horizontal load on the bearing capacity of the IPE steel profile driven into the reinforced slope. Based on the conducted analyses and testing, it has been proven that it is possible to build noise protection walls on the reinforced earth without disturbing the internal stability and functionality of the reinforced earth.
Proteolytic remodeling of 3D bioprinted tumor microenvironments
Authors: Rasti Boroojeni Fatemeh , Naeimipour Sajjad , Lifwergren Philip , Abrahamsson Annelie , Dabrosin Charlotta , Selegård Robert , Aili Daniel
Published: December 2023

In native tissue, remodeling of the pericellular space is essential for cellular activities and is mediated by tightly regulated proteases. Protease activity is dysregulated in many diseases, including many forms of cancer. Increased proteolytic activity is directly linked to tumor invasion into stroma, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as all other hallmarks of cancer. Here we show a strategy for 3D bioprinting of breast cancer models using well-defined protease degradable hydrogels that can facilitate exploration of the multifaceted roles of proteolytic extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression. We designed a set of bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne functionalized hyaluronan (HA)-based bioinks cross-linked by azide-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) degradable azide-functionalized peptides. Bioprinted structures combining PEG and peptide-based hydrogels were proteolytically degraded with spatial selectivity, leaving non-degradable features intact. Bioprinting of tumor-mimicking microenvironments using bioinks comprising human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and fibroblast in hydrogels with different susceptibilities to proteolytic degradation shows that MCF-7 proliferation and spheroid size were significantly increased in protease degradable hydrogel compartments, but only in the presence of fibroblasts. In the absence of fibroblasts in the stromal compartment, cancer cell proliferation was reduced and did not differ between degradable and nondegradable hydrogels. The interactions between spatially separated fibroblasts and MCF-7 cells consequently resulted in protease-mediated remodeling of the bioprinted structures and a significant increase in cancer cell spheroid size, highlighting the close interplay between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and the influence of proteases in tumor progression.
Preparation and application of low temperature protection materials by Na2SO4·10H2O/PS phase change microcapsules
Authors: Xie Wenhan , Jiang Yongqing , Liu Zhengmei , Wang Bo , Han Tianchan
Published: December 2023

To find the phase change microcapsule material (MEPCM) with suitable temperature and high heat storage energy. The phase change microcapsules with sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4·10H2O) as core material and polystyrene (PS) as wall material were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The microcapsule is fixed on the cloth of the overalls by coating method, and the thermoregulation fabric is obtained. The microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Fabrics are tested for durability, air permeability and temperature control. The DSC results show that the Tc and Tm of Na2SO4·10H2O/PS microcapsules are 26.0 °C and 58.0 °C, respectively, and the ΔHc and ΔHm are 64.0 J g−1 and 121.1 J g−1, respectively. The TG results show that the first weight loss temperature range is 104.1 ∼136.7 °C, and the second weight loss temperature range is 395.5 ∼434.6 °C. The infrared spectral characteristic peaks of microcapsules include all the characteristic peaks of Na2SO4·10H2O and PS. In the range of microcapsule phase transition temperature, the cloth treated with 0.5 g MEPCM and 1.5 g MEPCM delayed the temperature change by 16.0 ∼23.0 °C and 10.0 ∼18.0 °C, respectively, compared with the blank cloth. The fabric treated with 0.5 g microcapsules was subjected to 100 and 300 heating/cooling cycles. Compared with before and after the cycles, the fabric after thermal shock cycles showed a 4.15% and 3.56% reduction in delayed temperature changes rate in a rising and falling temperature environment. Therefore, Na2SO4·10H2O/PS microcapsule material can achieve the goal of heat storage and energy storage, and can be used as a low-temperature operation protection material.
Effects of thickness and roughness on plasmonic characteristics of gold thin films deposited on polished optical fiber
Authors: Sukma Freygieon Ogiek Rizal , Hanif Mahardika Auditia , Masruroh  , Santjojo Dionysius J D H , Apsari Retna , Susanto Hendra , Tazi Imam
Published: December 2023

The thickness and roughness of metal layers substantially affect the performance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensors. The deposition methods, control parameters, and substrate characteristics influence the layer thickness and roughness. This study investigates the SPR characteristics of a polished optical fiber surface coated with gold (Au) metal of different thicknesses. The Au layer is deposited via the thermal evaporation method, and its thickness is varied by controlling the deposition time (3–6 min). A proportionality relationship between thickness and deposition time is observed. Island-shaped structures in gold (Au) morphology are formed due to low adhesion to the substrate. The shape of this island creates gaps in the layer, causing scattering. In addition, the roughness on the gold surface triggers the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) phenomenon. As a result, the measured dielectric characteristics differ from the reference. The SPR curve calculation simulation was carried out based on reference optical parameters and measurement results by an ellipsometer, which were then compared with experiments. The obtained results show that the substrate roughness, morphology, and thickness of the Au layer play an essential role in determining the characteristics of the SPR curve in a fiber optic plasmonic sensor. As a result, in basic experiments, the sample with an Au thickness of 27.37 nm (deposition time = 3 min) shows better characteristics (half-maximum full width, minimum transmittance, and resonance wavelength) compared with the sample with an Au thickness of 53.97 nm (deposition time = 4 min), Although 53.97 nm is the optimal thickness from the simulation using reference optical parameters (smooth substrate surface and smooth gold layer).
Variational quantum algorithms for simulation of Lindblad dynamics
Authors: Watad Tasneem M , Lindner Netanel H
Published: December 2023

We introduce variational hybrid classical-quantum algorithms to simulate the Lindblad master equation and its adjoint for time-evolving Markovian open quantum systems and quantum observables. Our methods are based on a direct representation of density matrices and quantum observables as quantum superstates. We design and optimize low-depth variational quantum circuits that efficiently capture the unitary and non-unitary dynamics of the solutions. We benchmark and test the algorithms on different models and system sizes, showing their potential for utility with near-future hardware.
On some recent Fitchian arguments
Authors: Small Julian D
Published: December 2023

Both Jago, in his 2020 article ‘A short argument for truthmaker maximalism’ and his 2021 article ‘Which Fitch?’, and Loss in his 2021 article ‘There are no fundamental facts’, employ arguments similar to that familiar from the Church–Fitch Paradox to infer some substantial metaphysical claims from their mere logical possibility. Trueman in his 2022 article ‘Truthmaking, grounding and Fitch’s paradox’ and Nyseth in his 2022 article ‘Fitch’s paradox and truthmaking’ respond by using exactly the same kind of argument to prove contrary theses. Intended as bad company objections, these counterarguments cast doubt on the original arguments, but do not actually identify their flaw. This paper aims to fill this gap.
Contested, Discounted and Disproven Stories of Rape: The Social Pathways of Rape Reporting
Authors: Laugerud Solveig , Skilbrei May-Len
Published: December 2023

Tensions between societal and legal norms regarding rape shape people’s perceptions of the law and the use of various legal strategies. This article investigates what happens when a claim of rape is discredited, resulting in the claimant, instead, being prosecuted for presenting a false accusation. Based on the analysis of verdicts in cases of false accusations of rape, we identify four pathways into the criminal justice process for such cases and three turning points whereby an accusation of rape is contested by the police and instead prosecuted as a false accusation. We conclude that this seems to follow from the strength of the ideal that victims of rape are listened to and encouraged to come forward with their claims.
How to use the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema Core Outcome Set for atopic dermatitis trials: a users’ guide
Authors: Thomas Kim S , Howells Laura , Leshem Yael A , Simpson Eric L , Apfelbacher Christian , Spuls Phyllis I , Gerbens Louise A A , Jacobson Michael E , Katoh Norito , Williams Hywel C , Stuart Beth L
Published: December 2023

Background

The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative has agreed upon the Core Outcome Set (COS) for use in atopic dermatitis (AD) clinical trials, but additional guidance is needed to maximize its uptake.

Objectives

To provide answers to some of the commonly asked questions about using the HOME COS; to provide data to help with the interpretation of trial results; and to support sample size calculations for future trials.

Methods and results

We provide practical guidance on the use of the HOME COS for investigators planning clinical trials in patients with AD. It answers some of the common questions about using the HOME COS, how to access the outcome measurement instruments, what training/resources are needed to use them appropriately and clarifies when the COS is applicable. We also provide exemplar data to inform sample size calculations for eczema trials and encourage standardized data collection and reporting of the COS.

Conclusions

By encouraging adoption of the COS and facilitating consistent reporting of outcome data, it is hoped that the results of eczema trials will be more comprehensive and readily combined in meta-analyses and that patient care will subsequently be improved.
Ferroptosis-related gene glutathione peroxidase 4 promotes reprogramming of glucose metabolism via Akt–mTOR axis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hori Yutaro , Yoh Tomoaki , Nishino Hiroto , Okura Keisuke , Kurimoto Makoto , Takamatsu Yuichi , Satoh Motohiko , Nishio Takahiro , Koyama Yukinori , Ishii Takamichi , Iwaisako Keiko , Seo Satoru , Hatano Etsuro
Published: December 2023

The role of the ferroptosis-related gene glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in oncology has been extensively investigated. However, the clinical implications of GPX4 in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of GPX4 and its underlying molecular mechanisms in patients with ICC. Fifty-seven patients who underwent surgical resection for ICC between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the immunohistochemistry, patients were divided into GPX4 high (n = 15) and low (n = 42) groups, and clinical outcomes were assessed. Furthermore, the roles of GPX4 in cell proliferation, migration and gene expression were analyzed in ICC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The results from clinical study showed that GPX4 high group showed significant associations with high SUVmax on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (≥8.0, P = 0.017), multiple tumors (P = 0.004), and showed glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) high expression with a trend toward significance (P = 0.053). Overall and recurrence-free survival in the GPX4 high expression group were significantly worse than those in the GPX4 low expression group (P = 0.038 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the experimental study, inhibition of GPX4 attenuated cell proliferation and migration in ICC cell lines. Inhibition of GPX4 also decreased the expression of glucose metabolism-related genes, such as GLUT1 or HIF1α. Mechanistically, these molecular changes are regulated in Akt–mechanistic targets of rapamycin axis. In conclusion, this study suggested the pivotal value of GPX4 serving as a prognostic marker for patients with ICC. Furthermore, GPX4 can mediate glucose metabolism of ICC.
The psychological, social, and quality of life outcomes of people with a cardiac implantable electronic device: an umbrella review
Authors: Nicmanis Mitchell , Chur-Hansen Anna , Oxlad Melissa
Published: December 2023

Aims

To synthesize the psychological, social, and quality of life outcomes of people with a cardiac implantable electronic device.

Methods and results

An umbrella review of systematic reviews that reported the psychological, social, or quality of life outcomes of adults with a cardiac implantable electronic device was conducted. This umbrella review was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023437078) and adhered to JBI and PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, EmCare, PsycINFO, PubMed, and the Web of Science) were searched alongside citation and bibliographic searches. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI Checklist of Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Due to the heterogeneity of the included reviews, the findings were reported narratively. A total of 14 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria; 11 considered quality of life outcomes, and 3 considered psychological outcomes. Little difference in quality of life was found between people with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and controls; however, a high prevalence of psychological disorders was present. Cardiac resynchronization therapy devices demonstrated improvements in quality of life compared with control groups, alongside possible cognitive benefits. Quality of life did not differ between subcutaneous and transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Pacemakers were associated with improved post-implantation quality of life.

Conclusion

Research on the psychosocial and quality of life outcomes of people with a cardiac implantable electronic device is limited and inconsistent. Given the heterogeneity of the current research, conclusions are uncertain. Nevertheless, some recipients may experience adverse psychosocial complications. Further research employing rigorous methodologies is needed, and healthcare practitioners should provide care that acknowledges the potential for adverse psychosocial experiences.

Registration

PROSPERO: CRD42023437078
Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and behavioral plasticity in response to perceived competitive environment independently affect calling effort in male crickets
Authors: McKermitt Jack T , Foquet Bert , Kuna Will , Hunt John , Sadd Ben M , Sakaluk Scott K
Published: December 2023

The operational sex ratio (OSR) is a key component influencing the magnitude of sexual selection driving the evolution of male sexual traits, but males often also retain the ability to plastically modulate trait expression depending on the current environment. Here we employed an experimental evolution approach to determine whether the OSR affects the evolution of male calling effort in decorated crickets, a costly sexual trait, and whether plasticity in calling effort is altered by the OSR under which males have evolved. Calling effort of males from 2 selection regimes maintained at different OSRs over 18–20 generations (male vs. female biased) was recorded at 2 different levels of perceived competition, in the absence of rivals or in the presence of an experimentally muted competitor. The effect of the OSR on the evolution of male calling effort was modest, and in the opposite direction predicted by theory. Instead, the immediate competitive environment strongly influenced male calling effort as males called more in the presence of a rival, revealing considerable plasticity in this trait. This increased calling effort came at a cost, however, as males confined with a muted rival experienced significantly higher mortality.
Gut diazotrophs in lagomorphs are associated with season but not altitude and host phylogeny
Authors: Wang Sijie , Su Ming , Hu Xueqian , Wang Xiaochen , Han Qian , Yu Qiaoling , Heděnec Petr , Li Huan
Published: December 2023

Invertebrates such as termites feeding on nutrient-poor substrate receive essential nitrogen by biological nitrogen fixation of gut diazotrophs. However, the diversity and composition of gut diazotrophs of vertebrates such as Plateau pikas living in nutrient-poor Qinghai–Tibet Plateau remain unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we studied gut diazotrophs of Plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) and its related species, Daurian pikas (Ochotona daurica), Hares (Lepus europaeus) and Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) by high-throughput amplicon sequencing methods. We analyzed whether the gut diazotrophs of Plateau pikas are affected by season, altitude, and species, and explored the relationship between gut diazotrophs and whole gut microbiomes. Our study showed that Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, and Euryarchaeota were the dominant gut diazotrophs of Plateau pikas. The beta diversity of gut diazotrophs of Plateau pikas was significantly different from the other three lagomorphs, but the alpha diversity did not show a significant difference among the four lagomorphs. The gut diazotrophs of Plateau pikas were the most similarly to that of Rabbits, followed by Daurian pikas and Hares, which was inconsistent with gut microbiomes or animal phylogeny. The dominant gut diazotrophs of the four lagomorphs may reflect their living environment and dietary habits. Season significantly affected the alpha diversity and abundance of dominant gut diazotrophs. Altitude had no significant effect on the gut diazotrophs of Plateau pikas. In addition, the congruence between gut microbiomes and gut diazotrophs was low. Our results proved that the gut of Plateau pikas was rich in gut diazotrophs, which is of great significance for the study of ecology and evolution of lagomorphs.