bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tick‐borne encephalitis virus in cows and unpasteurized cow milk from Norway
Authors: Paulsen Katrine M. , Stuen Snorre , das Neves Carlos G. , Suhel Faisal , Gurung Deepa , Soleng Arnulf , Stiasny Karin , Vikse Rose , Andreassen Åshild K. , Granquist Erik G.
Published: December 2018

Tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is recognized as the most important zoonotic tick‐transmitted virus in Europe. TBEV is mainly transmitted to humans through bites from TBEV‐infected ticks (Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus). However, alimentary infection after consumption of unpasteurized milk and cheese from domestic ruminants has been reported. There is little information about TBEV in ruminants in Norway. The objectives of this study were to analyse unpasteurized cow milk for TBEV RNA and to study the presence of IgG antibodies to TBEV in the same animals. A total of 112 milk and blood samples were collected from cows from five different farms spread from southern to northern Norway. The milk samples were analysed by an in‐house reverse transcription (RT) real‐time polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by pyrosequencing. Serum samples were screened by a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and verified by a TBEV‐specific serum neutralization test. We found TBEV RNA in unpasteurized milk collected from farms in the municipalities of Mandal, Skedsmo and Brønnøy in 5.4% of the tested animals. Specific antibodies to TBEV were only detected in Arendal, where 88.2% of the tested animals were positive. Further studies on milk containing TBEV RNA should be performed to conclude if TBEV found in unpasteurized milk in Norway is infectious, which could be of great importance in a One Health perspective.
A note on the support of a hypermodule
Authors: Bordbar Hashem , Novák Michal , Cristea Irina
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we initiate the study of the notion of support of a hypermodule over a Krasner hyperring, providing several connections with the annihilator of such hypermodules. We concentrate on the similarities/differences between these concepts and the analogous ones from classical algebra (module theory). After defining and characterizing the support of a hypermodule (and in particular of a finitely generated hypermodule), by using the notion of length of a hypermodule, we determine the support of a quotient hypermodule containing only one maximal hyperideal.
Simple and Yet Efficient Estimators for Markovian Multiserver Queues
Authors: Suyama Emilio , Quinino Roberto C. , Cruz Frederico R. B.
Published: December 2018

Estimators for the parameters of the Markovian multiserver queues are presented, from samples that are the number of clients in the system at arbitrary points and their sojourn times. As estimation in queues is a recognizably difficult inferential problem, this study focuses on the estimators for the arrival rate, the service rate, and the ratio of these two rates, which is known as the traffic intensity. Simulations are performed to verify the quality of the estimations for sample sizes up to 400. This research also relates notable new insights, for example, that the maximum likelihood estimator for the traffic intensity is equivalent to its moment estimator. Some limitations of the results are presented along with a detailed numerical example and topics for future developments in this research area.
A Retrospective Cohort Study on Rehospitalization following Expanded Criteria Donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Dunn Colin , Emeasoba Emmanuel U. , Hung Michael , Holtzman Ari , Bellin Eran , Greenstein Stuart
Published: December 2018

Background. Expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidneys are commonly used but are associated with increased graft failure. Graft failure is in turn related to rehospitalization within thirty days post transplant. Our goal was to determine whether ECD kidneys independently lead to rehospitalization within 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years after transplant.Methods. All adult first-time recipients of deceased donor kidneys transplanted from 2003–2012 at our center were reviewed. Models included demographics, medical comorbidities, center for disease control high-risk kidney, ECD kidney, ischemia times, cause of renal failure, immunosuppressive regimen, positive psychiatric screening, alcoholism, surgeon, year the transplant was performed, years on dialysis before transplant, and the number of inpatient hospitalizations within 6 months prior to transplant. We conducted Andersen–Gill modeling and propensity score matching followed by logistic regression. We also used multivariable linear regression to predict average length of stay during rehospitalization.Results. More ECD patients had a rehospitalization at 1 year (70.3% versus 59%, log-rank testp=0.014). Thirty-day and 2-year time marks were not significant. Andersen–Gill models predicting successive hospitalizations yielded HR of 1.42 (p=0.002) and 1.32 (p=0.015) for ECD patients at 1 and 2 years of after transplantation, respectively. Propensity score matching and logistic regression showed a significant relative risk of 1.630 at one year (p=0.033) and 1.313 at two years (p=0.268). There was no significant association between ECD and subsequent lengths of hospital stay.Conclusion. Receiving an ECD kidney is independently associated with multiple readmissions within 2 years of transplant but unrelated to length of stay.
Establishment and Identification of a CiPSC Lineage Reprogrammed from FSP-tdTomato Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs)
Authors: Chen Ruiping , Xie Wenxiu , Cai Baomei , Qin Yue , Wu Chuman , Zhou Wenyi , Zhou Chunhua , Yu Shengyong , Kuang Junqi , Yang Bin , Zhao Mingyi , Zhu Ping
Published: December 2018

Safety issues associated with transcription factors or viruses may be avoided with the use of chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs), thus promoting their clinical application. Previously, we had successfully developed and standardized an induction method using small-molecule compound, with simple operation, uniform induction conditions, and clear constituents. In order to verify that the CiPSCs were indeed reprogrammed from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and further explore the underlying mechanisms, FSP-tdTomato mice were used to construct a fluorescent protein-tracking system of MEFs, for revealing the process of CiPSC reprogramming. CiPSCs were identified by morphological analysis, mRNA, and protein expression of pluripotency genes, as well as teratoma formation experiments. Results showed that after 40-day treatment of tdTomato-MEFs with small-molecule compounds, the cells were presented with prominent nucleoli, high core-to-cytoplasmic ratio, round shape, group and mass arrangement, and high expression of pluripotency gene. These cells could differentiate into three germ layer tissues in vivo. As indicated by the above results, tdTomato-MEFs could be reprogrammed into CiPSCs, a lineage that possesses pluripotency similar to mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), with the use of small-molecule compounds. The establishment of CiPSC lineage, tracked by fluorescent protein, would benefit further studies exploring its underlying mechanisms. With continuous expression of fluorescent proteins during cellular differentiation, this cell lineage could be used for tracking CiPSC transplantation and differentiation into functional cells.
Predicting Stock Price Trend Using MACD Optimized by Historical Volatility
Authors: Wang Jian , Kim Junseok
Published: December 2018

With the rapid development of the financial market, many professional traders use technical indicators to analyze the stock market. As one of these technical indicators, moving average convergence divergence (MACD) is widely applied by many investors. MACD is a momentum indicator derived from the exponential moving average (EMA) or exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), which reacts more significantly to recent price changes than the simple moving average (SMA). Traders find the analysis of 12- and 26-day EMA very useful and insightful for determining buy-and-sell points. The purpose of this study is to develop an effective method for predicting the stock price trend. Typically, the traditional EMA is calculated using a fixed weight; however, in this study, we use a changing weight based on the historical volatility. We denote the historical volatility index as HVIX and the new MACD as MACD-HVIX. We test the stability of MACD-HVIX and compare it with that of MACD. Furthermore, the validity of the MACD-HVIX index is tested by using the trend recognition accuracy. We compare the accuracy between a MACD histogram and a MACD-HVIX histogram and find that the accuracy of using MACD-HVIX histogram is 55.55% higher than that of the MACD histogram when we use the buy-and-sell strategy. When we use the buy-and-hold strategy for 5 and 10 days, the prediction accuracy of MACD-HVIX is 33.33% and 12% higher than that of the traditional MACD strategy, respectively. We found that the new indicator is more stable. Therefore, the improved stock price forecasting model can predict the trend of stock prices and help investors augment their return in the stock market.
TÜRK BANKACILIK SİSTEMİNDEKİ KATILIM BANKALARI İLE MEVDUAT BANKALARININ REKABET GÜCÜ BAKIMINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: BEKTAŞ Selahattin , SEKİ İsmail
Published: December 2018

Tasarrufları yatırıma
dönüştürerek reel sektörün finansmanında anahtar rol üstlenen bankacılık
sektörünün performansının ölçülmesi ekonominin geneli için önem taşımaktadır.
Özellikle kamu bankalarının da sektöre girmesi ile gelecekte Türk Bankacılık
Sektöründeki payını giderek artıracak olan katılım bankalarının rakipleri
karşısındaki performansının ölçülmesi ve rekabet güçlerinin belirlenmesi
sektöre ilişkin uygulanacak iktisat politikalarına yön vermesi bakımından bir
gerekliliktir. Çalışmada Türk bankacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 19
mevduat ve 3 katılım bankası için 2010-2016 yıllarına ilişkin veri zarflama
analizi yöntemi ile Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimliliği Endeksi hesaplanmıştır.
Yapılan hesaplamalarla analiz edilen tüm bankaların etkinsizlikle karşı kaşıya
oldukları ve katılım bankalarının rakiplerine oranla rekabet güçlerinde bir teknolojik
gerilemeden kaynaklı birdüşüş yaşadığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
GÜÇLENDİRME İKLİMİ, ÖRGÜTSEL ÇİFT YÖNLÜLÜK VE FİRMA YENİLİKÇİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ: BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ACARAY Ali
Published: December 2018

Günümüz rekabetçi iş koşullarında örgütlerin başarılı olmaları mevcut yeteneklerini devamlı olarak geliştirmelerine ve aynı zamanda da bu yeteneklere yenilerini eklemelerine bağlıdır. Bu durum stratejik yönetim yazınında örgütsel çift yönlülük olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda, örgütlerin çift yönlülüklerini geliştirebilmelerinde ve sürdürebilmelerinde destekleyici bir iklimin, örgüt kültürünün, örgütsel öğrenmenin, örgüt yapısının, liderliğin ve örgütsel bağlamın etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışma kapsamında ise örgütsel çift yönlülüğün geliştirilmesinde güçlendirme iklimi bir öncül, firmaların yenilikçiliği ise çift yönlülüğün bir ardılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, güçlendirme iklimi, örgütsel çift yönlülük ve firma yenilikçiliği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Belirlenen amaca yönelik olarak kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle bankacılık sektörünün çeşitli kurumlarında tam zamanlı olarak çalışan 245 yöneticiden toplanan veriler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları; bilgi paylaşımının örgütlerin geliştirici yetenek ve keşifsel yetenek; yapılar ötesi otonominin keşifsel yetenek ve takım çalışmasının ise geliştirici yetenek boyutları üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, geliştirici ve keşifsel yeteneğin firma yenilikçiliği üzerine pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu açığa çıkarmıştır.
DÖVİZ KURLARI İLE BİTCOİN FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: YAPISAL KIRILMALI ZAMAN SERİSİ ANALİZİ
Authors: ÇÜTCÜ İbrahim , KILIÇ Yunus
Published: December 2018

Dijital para birimleri son
yıllarda etkinliğini artırarak uluslararası piyasalarda önemli oranda talep
görmeye başlamıştır. Dijital para birimleri arasında işlem hacmi ve getiri
oranları dikkate alındığında, Bitcoin ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, Bitcoin
fiyatları ile döviz kurları arasındaki ilişki incelenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda
kurulan model kapsamında, 24 Kasım 2013 - 04 Mart 2018 dönemlerini kapsayan
haftalık veriler ile yapısal kırılmalı testler kullanılarak döviz kurları ile
Bitcoin fiyatları arasındaki ilişki irdelenmiştir. Analizlerde kullanılan
verilerin I (1) düzeyinde durağan olduğu tespit edilmiş olup yapısal kırılmaya
izin veren Maki Eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre değişkenler arasında
yapısal kırılmalarla birlikte uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. Hacker-Hatemi-J Bootstrap Nedensellik testi sonuçlarında ise
dolar kurundan Bitcoin fiyatlarına doğru %1 anlamlılık düzeyinde nedensellik
ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
YUNANİSTAN’DAKİ MAKEDON AZINLIK SORUNUNUN YUNAN ULUS İNŞA SÜRECİ BAĞLAMINDA ANALİZİ
Authors: AYDIN KOYUNCU Çiğdem
Published: December 2018

Makedon azınlık konusu, 1991 yılında bağımsızlığını kazanan Makedonya ile kurulduğu tarihten bu yana ülkesindeki farklı etnik, kültürel ve dinsel grupların varlığını tanımaya yanaşmayan Yunanistan arasında önemli bir sorun alanıdır. Yunanistan’ın azınlıklara yönelik uyguladığı tanımama politikasının sosyal, ekonomik ve güvenlik temelli birçok nedeni olmakla birlikte, özellikle Makedon azınlık örneğinde, Yunan ulus inşa sürecinin temel parametrelerinin zarar görebileceği ve Yunan ulusal kimliğinin tartışılmasına neden olabileceği inancı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Makedon azınlığın dil, kültür, eğitim, siyasal haklar temelinde yaşadığı çeşitli sorunlar, ortak bir ad, tarih, dil ve kültür etrafında oluşturulan Yunan ulus inşa süreci temelinde analiz edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
SAĞLIK KURUMLARI YÖNETİCİLERİNİN STRATEJİK YÖNETİM TEKNİKLERİNE BAKIŞ AÇILARININ VE YAKLAŞIM TARZLARININ BELİRLENMESİ: SİVAS İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BİÇER Enis Baha
Published: December 2018

Değişen zaman ve gelişen
teknoloji tüm sektörleri olduğu gibi sağlık sektörünü de derinden etkilemiştir.
Özel kesimin piyasaya girmesi ile birlikte sağlık kurumları arasındaki rekabet
de şiddetlenmiştir. Geleneksel yönetim tekniklerinin iflas ettiği bu ortamda
stratejik yönetim teknikleri sağlık kurumları yöneticileri için de kurtarıcı olmuştur.
Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlık kurumları yöneticilerinin stratejik yönetim
teknikleri hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerini ölçmek, daha yoğun ve daha seyrek
kullandıkları stratejik yönetim argümanlarını tespit etmek ve bunlarla ilgili
memnuniyet düzeylerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın evrenini (n=111) Sivas ili
sağlık yöneticileri oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak anket yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların %53,7’si stratejik yönetim konusunda eğitim
almış olup, en fazla bilgi sahibi oldukları üç stratejik araç sırasıyla  %96,3 ile misyon ve vizyon ifadeleri, %93,8
ile toplam kalite yönetimi ve %90,2 ile kıyaslamadır. Yöneticilerinin en çok
memnun olduğu ilk 3 araç ise toplam kalite yönetimi (X ̅=4,47), misyon ve
vizyon ifadeleri (X ̅=4,44), sosyal medya araçları ve internet (X ̅=4,25)
olarak saptanmıştır.
“Limiting the Domination”: Anti-colonial African Protests in South Eastern Zimbabwe, 1929-1940s
Authors: Ndumeya Noel
Published: December 2018

Focusing on colonialism and resistance, this article examines patterns of natural resource ownership and the struggles of African residents of the then Melsetter district (hereafter, south eastern Zimbabwe), from the outbreak of the Great Depression in 1929 to the mid-1940s. It explores the roots and nature of African grievances against British colonial rule and outlines duties imposed on traditional authorities, particularly headmen, and their objections to the taxation policy and the subsequent contestations over remuneration for their administrative responsibilities. It further discusses Africans’ concerns over gun and education policies, hunting laws, and the impact of the discriminatory labor policies which government of the day conceived while prioritizing the welfare of the White community. While exploring these issues, the article also discusses the various ways through which Africans engaged colonial segregation and assesses the extent to which they succeeded, individually and collectively, in carving a niche within a repressive colonial environment.
Is Jung Existential or Not? Reflections on Temporality and Everydayness
Authors: Hinton Ladson
Published: December 2018

This article contrasts Jung’s theoretical position with existential philosophy, mainly Martin Heidegger’s ideas. The intent of Heidegger’s magnum opus, Being and Time, was to discover the primal ground, the arché, of ideas. In his eyes, that quest failed, resulting in a turn toward a more hermeneutic approach, aimed toward disclosing the Being of beings. This endeavor, for Heidegger, is never final. A basic precept of existential thought is that “existence precedes essence.” An ultimate lack of substantive structure entails a sense of contingency and openness, providing the ground of human freedom. This diverges sharply from Jung’s theoretical writings, because he generally held to a belief in archetypes: inherent, underlying structures or ideal forms related to Platonic ideas. Moreover, temporality and awareness of death are at the core of most existential thought. This involves an openness to the vicissitudes of time, with a consequent existential anxiety. In contrast, throughout most of his life, Jung privileged an “eternal” or “timeless” aspect of existence, presumably manifested in preexisting archetypal structures, while devaluing the “personal unconscious.” For Jung, the personal unconscious is the realm of the everyday time of our existence, mainly serving to set the stage for the emergence of a timeless archetypal realm. The author, a Jungian analyst, proposes that Jung’s view of temporality seems diametrically opposed to existential theory and practice, which focus on the “time of our lives,” as beings who inevitably must die.
Harnessing Phenomenological Research to Facilitate Conscientização About Oppressive Lived Experience
Authors: Gupta Nisha
Published: December 2018

This article illustrates how liberation psychology and phenomenological research can work in tandem to raise conscientização (critical consciousness) about unjust societal dynamics, mourn sociopolitical community traumas, and construct empathic bridges among diverse citizens of society. It outlines three ways in which phenomenological researchers can harness their methodologies as an emancipatory tool for oppressed communities. First, I discuss how Steen Halling’s dialogal phenomenological method can build public homeplaces in which members of marginalized communities can gather together to share and gain insight into their oppressed lived experiences. Second, I discuss how Max Van Manen’s existential-phenomenological data interpretation can nurture solidarity among the oppressed and oppressors and demonstrate the ways in which institutionalized oppression dehumanizes all citizens. Third, I encourage phenomenological researchers to disseminate research in artistic formats to evoke compassionate witness among citizen bystanders about oppressive lived experiences. The article concludes by positing that Paulo Freire’s process of emancipation is, essentially, a phenomenological endeavor.
Wearout or Weariness? Measuring Potential Negative Consequences of Online Ad Volume and Placement on Website Visits
Authors: Chae Inyoung , Bruno Hernán A. , Feinberg Fred M.
Published: December 2018

The global importance of online advertising calls for a detailed understanding of consumer-specific responses to online ad repetitions. A key concern for advertisers is not only whether some consumers display degrees of “wearout” but also whether they can surpass a point at which additional exposures have a negative marginal effect: “weariness.” The authors examine a large-scale advertising campaign aimed at driving viewers to a target website, which comprises more than 12,000 users across over 400 websites. These data are analyzed using a flexible discrete mixture specification that accommodates different response shapes over ad stock and timing and parcels ad viewers into response classes based on their internet usage metrics. The resulting classes display varying degrees of wearout, with one subgroup, accounting for about 24% of the sample, evincing weariness. The model also estimates differential publisher effectiveness, with the most effective publisher being nine times more effective than the one 26 places down. The authors demonstrate that the finding of weariness is robust to all the model’s main components, with one key exception: heterogeneity in users’ ad response. Analysis further suggests that an appropriate “profiling and capping” strategy can improve ad deployment by as much as 15% overall for these data.
The “Geography of Opportunity” in Community Colleges: The Role of the Local Labor Market in Students’ Decisions to Persist and Succeed
Authors: Reyes Maria , Dache-Gerbino Amalia , Rios-Aguilar Cecilia , Gonzalez-Canche Manuel , Deil-Amen Regina
Published: December 2018

Objective: The process by which students decide to stay in college has been primarily based on models that are independent of geographic context. This article describes the local labor market in which community college students are situated and discusses the multiple and complex ways these labor markets impact student decisions to persist and graduate. Method: Using institutional data and U.S. Census Data for 2010, this article argues that the process students use to decide to enroll and persist in community college needs to account for geographic context. Applying ArcGIS mapping, we layout students’ location, local labor market data, and the educational attainment data of a Houston area community college to map the geography of opportunity for these students. Results: The geography of opportunity signifies the educational or occupational opportunities afforded to individuals that are influenced by geography. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that research addressing persistence would benefit from acknowledging the geographic context of the higher education institution.
The Language and Social Psychology of Savoring: Advancing the Communication Savoring Model
Authors: Pitts Margaret Jane
Published: December 2018

Savoring is a well-established construct in positive psychology referring to one’s capacity to recognize and appreciate enjoyable life experiences. Guided by phenomenological inquiry and constructivist grounded theory, I propose communication savoring as a new dimension of social savoring that has theoretical and practical relevance in the fields of positive communication and language and social psychology. Evidence is drawn from young adults’ narrative descriptions of communication moments they savored. From these narratives, I proffer a typology of communication savoring that includes aesthetic communication, communication presence, nonverbal communication, recognition and acknowledgment, relational communication, extraordinary communication, and implicitly shared communication. I also describe the phenomenological experiences of savoring social interactions in the past, present, and future. To advance the communication model of savoring, I offer initial conceptual and operational definitions of communication savoring and recommend future directions for research within interpersonal and intergroup relationships.
The influence of ultrafiltration on red blood cell transfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Mongero Linda B. , Tesdahl Eric A. , Stammers Alfred , Weinstein Samuel
Published: December 2018

Background:

Ultrafiltration during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) reduces fluid overload and inflammatory mediators in open-heart surgery and is thought to reduce the risk of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. We evaluated its effectiveness in reducing RBC transfusions in a large population undergoing cardiac surgery, among patients in general as well as by gender.

Methods:

We analyzed 40,650 propensity-matched adult cardiac surgery cases conducted over a 61-month period at 195 hospitals. We assessed the risk of intraoperative transfusion (⩾1 unit RBC) according to body surface area (BSA)-normalized ultrafiltration volume via mixed-effects binary logistic regression. Our statistical model controlled for 12 demographic and operative variables as well as for center level tendencies in ultrafiltration use and intraoperative RBC transfusion. In light of recent findings on gender and risk of transfusion, we also included an interaction effect between gender and ultrafiltration volume (UV).

Results:

Ultrafiltration was associated with an increased crude rate of RBC transfusion (32.1% vs. 28.1%, p<0.001), but equivalent crude median hematocrit change from first in operating room to nadir on bypass (−11% in both groups, p = 0.133). After controlling for patient, operative and site-level characteristics, we found no statistically significant effect on transfusion rate by volume of ultrafiltrate removed nor did we find statistical support for any gender-specific effect of ultrafiltration.

Conclusions:

Ultrafiltration is not associated with a reduction of risk of RBC transfusion during cardiac surgery. The use of ultrafiltration as a method for reducing intraoperative RBC transfusion warrants further study.
Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic behavior of span-wise wavy trailing edge modified SNL 100 m blade
Authors: Yang Seung Joon , Baeder James D
Published: December 2018

The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic behaviors of wavy trailing edge modified flatback wind turbine blade have been investigated through numerical simulation. Previous studies have demonstrated aerodynamic and aeroacoustic benefits of the span-wise wavy trailing edge modification on the flatback trailing edge. The previous two-dimensional airfoil test cases have been extended to a complete set of design parametric study. Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of the parametric study have been discussed, relying on the wave size, including recently added cases. Furthermore, in the current study, the wavy trailing edge modification has been applied to the Sandia flatback blade called “SNL100-03FB” and tested in rotating blade conditions. Several variations of the wavy trailing edge design have been tested for a range of wind speeds using an overset computation domain. The numerical simulation employs the in-house developed Navier–Stokes solver, OVERTURNS, as well as Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-accelerated solver, GPURANS3D. Both are hybrid Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS)/Large Eddy Simulation (LES) simulation; delayed detached eddy simulation has been used with the Spalart–Allmaras turbulent model and modified [Formula: see text] laminar–turbulent transition model.
Part-Time Jail Time: Jailors’ Perspectives on the Practice of Nonconsecutive Day Sentencing in Virginia
Authors: Bowman Balestrieri Blythe Alison
Published: December 2018

Jurisdictions across the Commonwealth of Virginia are working to broaden and refine the implementation of community-oriented alternative sentencing programs. From the perspective of practitioners, this article examines the statutory expansion of one such alternative sanction in Virginia—nonconsecutive day sentencing (“weekend” or “part-time” jail time)—as adopted in Senate Bill No. 36 during the General Assembly’s 2018 Regular Session. Presenting mixed-methods survey results from a large sample of correctional professionals across the Commonwealth, the study finds little practitioner support for the expanded application of weekend jail programming. Based on such stakeholder input, the article discusses anticipated adverse effects of the statutory amendments passed in SB36 and argues that practitioners, with the assistance of criminal justice researchers, must lend their expertise to legislators in policy development process from proposal through implementation.
Evaluation of a Conceptual Model Regarding Exercise Promotion Through the Patient–Provider Interaction in Multiple Sclerosis: Health Care Provider Perspectives
Authors: Richardson Emma V. , Barstow Elizabeth , Fifolt Matthew , Motl Robert W.
Published: December 2018

Nearly 80% of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) do not engage in sufficient amounts of exercise for managing symptoms and improving quality of life. We have addressed this problem by developing a systematic line of qualitative research targeting the patient–provider interaction for promotion of exercise within comprehensive MS care. This research resulted in a conceptual model that guides health care providers in promoting exercise among persons with MS. The current study involves a final evaluation of the model based on semistructured interviews with 28 MS health care providers. Providers perceived that the model was a strong conceptualization of practice that reflected the MS illness course and supported exercise behavior change, but more steps were required to translate the model from concept into practice, including improved clarity of the model, and the development of practice models. The evaluation yielded a final conceptual model for exercise promotion in MS through the patient–provider interaction.
Assessment of Different Dimensions of Shame Proneness: Validation of the SHAME
Authors: Scheel Corinna N. , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Rentzsch Katrin
Published: December 2018

A large body of research revealed that shame is associated with adaptive and maladaptive correlates. The aim of this work was to validate a new dimensional instrument (SHAME), which was developed to disentangle adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of shame proneness. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-factorial structure (bodily, cognitive, and existential shame) in American ( n = 502) and German ( n = 496) community samples, using invariance testing. Bifactor model analyses exhibited distinct associations of adaptive (bodily and cognitive shame) and maladaptive (existential shame) dimensions of shame with psychopathology and social functioning. Network analyses highlighted the role of existential shame in psychopathology, especially for a clinical sample of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder ( n = 92). By placing shame pronenesss into a network of similar and dissimilar constructs, the current findings serve as a foundation for drawing conclusions about the adaptive and maladaptive nature of shame.
Constitutive Equations for Hyperelastic Materials Based on the Upper Triangular Decomposition of the Deformation Gradient
Authors: Li Y. Q. , Gao X.-L.
Published: December 2018

The upper triangular decomposition has recently been proposed to multiplicatively decompose the deformation gradient tensor into a product of a rotation tensor and an upper triangular tensor called the distortion tensor, whose six components can be directly related to pure stretch and simple shear deformations, which are physically measurable. In the current paper, constitutive equations for hyperelastic materials are derived using strain energy density functions in terms of the distortion tensor, which satisfy the principle of material frame indifference and the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Being expressed directly as derivatives of the strain energy density function with respect to the components of the distortion tensor, the Cauchy stress components have simpler expressions than those based on the invariants of the right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor. To illustrate the new constitutive equations, strain energy density functions in terms of the distortion tensor are provided for unconstrained and incompressible isotropic materials, incompressible transversely isotropic composite materials, and incompressible orthotropic composite materials with two families of fibers. For each type of material, example problems are solved using the newly proposed constitutive equations and strain energy density functions, both in terms of the distortion tensor. The solutions of these problems are found to be the same as those obtained by applying the polar decomposition-based invariants approach, thereby validating and supporting the newly developed, alternative method based on the upper triangular decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor.
Common Arterial Trunk: Physiology, Imaging, and Management
Authors: Chikkabyrappa Sathish , Mahadevaiah Guruprasad , Buddhe Sujatha , Alsaied Tarek , Tretter Justin
Published: December 2018

Common arterial trunk (CAT), or truncus arteriosus, is a rare form of cyanotic congenital heart disease and is highly associated with DiGeorge syndrome (microdeletion 22q11.2). Prenatal diagnosis is highly feasible, allowing proper delivery planning and postnatal management. The clinical presentation is highly variable depending on the anatomical variation; however, most commonly presenting with mild cyanosis and significant tachypnea, although these patients can often go undetected in the immediate newborn period. Transthoracic echocardiography is adequate for diagnosis and detailed anatomical delineation in the majority. Additional imaging modalities such as cardiac catheterization, computed tomography angiography, or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in those with more complex pulmonary artery (PA) or aortic anatomy, or in the older repaired. The surgical management of CAT is complete repair in the neonatal period with resection of branch PAs from the CAT with placement of a right ventricular (RV)-to-PA conduit and patch closure of the ventricular septal defect. Overall surgical outcomes are excellent in most centers, with the expectation that the child will eventually outgrow the RV-to-PA conduit and require reoperation. Other potential reoperations or postsurgical interventions in addition to the RV-to-PA conduit may involve the truncal valve or branch PAs.
Whose rape kit? Stabilizing the Vitullo® Kit through positivist criminology and protocol feminism
Authors: Shelby Renee
Published: December 2018

Science and Technology Studies (STS) scholarship has increasingly focused on the rape kit, with scholars critiquing the gendered biases that are enacted through the medico-legal exam and how the kit itself serves as a technoscientific witness of rape. However, little scholarship has focused on the discourses surrounding the early US Vitullo® Kit. This article traces the stabilization of the kit from 1973 to 1987, attending to how community advocates embraced technoscientific protocols to intervene in medico-legal evidence collection. I bring insights from criminology in conversation with STS, to examine archival records associated with the Vitullo® Kit. I argue the kit emerged as a strategic feminist and positivist criminological intervention, in which discourses about the perceived reliability and objectivity of protocol technoscience were believed to counter gendered stereotypes embedded in the justice system. This project, sheds new light on the neglected contributions of community advocates in developing this kit.
Using difference in intersectional research with im/migrant and racialized sex workers
Authors: Ham Julie
Published: December 2018

Intersectionality attends to the interactions between social difference and power, although theoretical models vary in their emphasis on one or the other. Difference-centred models often distinguish between processes of constructing social difference, systems that institutionalize social difference and identities that include social difference. This article discusses the analytical expectations that can emerge in intersectional research that focus on difference, by analysing the use and construction of difference by im/migrant and racialized women in sex work. The first analytical expectation is the distinction between salience and difference when starting from the lived realities and voices of individuals, groups and communities. The second analytical expectation concerns the interaction between two intersectional methodologies, between identities and lived experiences, and processes of constructing difference.
Blue-light emergency phones on campus: Media infrastructures of feeling
Authors: Ellcessor Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

In recent years, movements such as #metoo, Slutwalk, and others have drawn attention to women’s experiences of a lack of safety in public, professional, and educational spaces. This article steps back to an earlier era of such activism, tracking the context in which blue-light emergency phones were installed on college and university campuses in the United States. I argue that blue-light phones constitute an infrastructure of feeling, drawing on Raymond Williams’ classic formulation of the ‘structure of feeling’. They served not only to address emergent understandings of campus safety (particularly sexual assault), but to produce affective experiences of ‘safety’ among students, parents, and administrators. The infrastructure of blue-light emergency phones then concretized that structure of feeling in such a way as to render it more dominant, more persistent, and more tightly intertwined with local campus cultures, not only at the time, but through to the present day.
Steel-free hybrid reinforcing bars for concrete structures
Authors: Teng Jin-Guang , Zhang Bing , Zhang Shishun , Fu Bing
Published: December 2018

Extensive research has been conducted on the replacement of steel rebars with fibre-reinforced polymer rebars to eliminate the steel corrosion problem in conventional steel bar–reinforced concrete structures. However, as the performance of fibre-reinforced polymer rebars is substantially inferior in compression (due to issues such as fibre micro-buckling) than in tension, their use in concrete columns is generally not recommended; this poses a significant challenge when a steel-free structure is needed. This article presents a novel steel-free hybrid rebar developed at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University that overcomes the above-mentioned problem. Such a hybrid rebar typically consists of a central fibre-reinforced polymer rebar, an external fibre-reinforced polymer confining tube and an annular layer of high-strength cementitious material such as ultrahigh-performance concrete. To demonstrate the performance of these hybrid rebars, results from a series of preliminary tests and associated modelling work are presented in the article. These results indicate that (1) the fibre-reinforced polymer rebar at the centre is well supported against bar buckling and fibre micro-buckling, (2) the compressive strength of the fibre-reinforced polymer material can be fully mobilized and (3) the stress–strain response of hybrid rebars can be designed to resemble an elastic–plastic response with some post-yielding hardening.
Digitized narratives of sexual violence: Making sexual violence felt and known through digital disclosures
Authors: Mendes Kaitlynn , Keller Jessalynn , Ringrose Jessica
Published: December 2018

In this article, we argue that social media platforms like Tumblr and Twitter have facilitated an emergence of “digitized narratives” of sexual violence. These narratives are rooted in historical ways in which feminists have discursively articulated sexual violence, yet are shaped by distinctive “platform vernacular” or the conventions, affordances, and restrictions of the platforms in which they appear. Drawing on a qualitative content and critical discourse analysis of 450 texts from the Tumblr site Who Needs Feminism? and the hashtag #BeenRapedNeverReported, we argue that digital platforms such as Tumblr and Twitter produce new vernacular practices which shape how “digitized narratives” of sexual violence are not only disclosed and known, but felt and experienced across digital networks.
How Silicon Valley sets time
Authors: Wajcman Judy
Published: December 2018

Digital calendars are logistical media, part of the infrastructure that configures arrangements among people and things. Calendars increasingly play a fundamental role in establishing our everyday rhythms, shaping our consciousness of temporality. Drawing on interviews with Silicon Valley calendar designers, this article explores how the conceptualization and production of scheduling applications codify contemporary ideals about efficient time management. I argue that these ideals reflect the driving cultural imperative for accelerated time handling in order to optimize productivity and minimize time wasting. Such mechanistic approaches treat time as a quantitative, individualistic resource, obscuring the politics of time embedded in what can and cannot be graphically represented on the grid interface. I conclude that electronic calendars are emblematic of a long-standing but mistaken belief, hegemonic in Silicon Valley, that automation will deliver us more time.
Making news funny: Differences in news framing between journalists and comedians
Authors: Ödmark Sara
Published: December 2018

Classic agenda setting and news framing research focuses on traditional media actors: journalists, political figures, professional communicators. However, the personalization of politics and journalism, as well as the rise of social media, is creating new spaces for other actors, like comedians. In the separation of vertical media (media which are still aiming for a wide audience with content of general relevance) and horizontal media (more specific media actors building a community around the content they produce), comedians can be considered actors in horizontal media, who help provide the community agenda. This study compares how comedians in horizontal media frame news and current affairs with how journalists in vertical media frame similar news. The study is performed via a quantitative content analysis of Swedish political comedy and traditional Swedish news coverage, with a focus on the emerging podcast medium. It shows that the comedic framing is dramatically more personal and emotional. It is also more thematic and more often on a societal level, while the journalistic news framing is more episodic and on an individual level. The comedic framing is also more focused on issues of political figures and processes, more negative, and more inclusive of different types of societal actors when compared to the news reporting of vertical media.
Extending social protection to persons with disabilities: Exploring the accessibility and the impact of the Disability Fund on the lives of persons with disabilities in Ghana
Authors: Opoku Maxwell Peprah , Nketsia William , Agyei-Okyere Elvis , Mprah Wisdom Kwadwo
Published: December 2018

In many low-income countries, persons with disabilities are consistently denied access to essential services, contributing to a high incidence of poverty among them. The Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) exhorts countries to develop appropriate social protection to serve as a springboard to alleviate poverty among all persons. The government of Ghana has introduced Disability Fund to provide one-off financial support to persons with disabilities through its decentralised political units. This is to enable persons with disability to participate in socio-economic activities. However, after a decade of the establishment of the fund, anecdotal evidence still shows that many persons with disabilities continue to live in deplorable conditions. Therefore, the main aim of this qualitative study was to explore the beneficial impact of the fund on the lives of persons with disabilities in Ghana. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from 48 participants, comprising 20 males and 28 females with disabilities. The narratives from the participants revealed that only a few were able to access the fund. In their quest to access the fund, participants encountered barriers, such as lack of information, delays in disbursement and insufficient funds. The findings underscore the need for re-evaluation of the administration of Disability Fund and its disbursement processes. The implications of the findings for policy reform are extensively discussed.
Compensation or Recovery? Altered Kinetics and Neuromuscular Synergies Following High-Intensity Stepping Training Poststroke
Authors: Ardestani Marzieh M. , Kinnaird Catherine R. , Henderson Christopher E. , Hornby T. George
Published: December 2018

Background. High-intensity, variable stepping training can improve walking speed in individuals poststroke, although neuromuscular strategies used to achieve faster speeds are unclear. We evaluated changes in joint kinetics and neuromuscular coordination following such training; movement strategies consistent with intact individuals were considered evidence of recovery and abnormal strategies indicative of compensation. Methods. A total of 15 individuals with stroke (duration: 23 ± 30 months) received ≤40 sessions of high-intensity stepping in variable contexts (tasks and environments). Lower-extremity kinetics and electromyographic (EMG) activity were collected prior to (BSL) and following (POST) training at peak treadmill speeds and speeds matched to peak BSL (MATCH). Primary measures included positive (concentric) joint and total limb powers, measures of interlimb (paretic/nonparetic powers) and intralimb compensation (hip/ankle or knee/ankle powers), and muscle synergies calculated using nonnegative matrix factorization. Results. Gains in most positive paretic and nonparetic joint powers were observed at higher speeds at POST, with decreased interlimb compensation and limited changes in intralimb compensation. There were very few differences in kinetic measures between BSL to MATCH conditions. However, the number of neuromuscular synergies increased significantly following training at both POST and MATCH conditions, indicating gains from training rather than altered speeds. Despite these results, speed improvements were associated primarily with changes in nonparetic versus paretic powers. Conclusion. Gains in locomotor function were accomplished by movement strategies consistent with both recovery and compensation. These and other data indicate that both strategies may be necessary to maximize walking function in patients poststroke.
Full Activation Profiles and Integrity of Corticospinal Pathways in Adults With Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Condliffe Elizabeth G. , Jeffery Dean T. , Emery Derek J. , Treit Sarah , Beaulieu Christian , Gorassini Monica A.
Published: December 2018

Background. Dysfunction of corticospinal pathways has been implicated in motor impairments in people with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). While structural damage to corticospinal pathways in people with CP is known, its impact on the activation of these pathways is not. Objective. To provide the first, complete activation profile of corticospinal pathways in adults with CP using a full range of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) intensities and voluntary contractions. Methods. TMS targeted the soleus muscle of 16 adults with bilateral spastic CP and 15 neurologically intact (NI) control participants. Activation profiles were generated using motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) produced by varying both stimulation intensity and degree of voluntary muscle activity. Anatomical integrity of corticospinal pathways was also measured with diffusion tractography. Results. Participants with CP had smaller MEPs produced by TMS at 1.2× active motor threshold during submaximal (20%) muscle activity and smaller maximal MEPs produced under any combination of stimulation intensity and voluntary muscle activity. At a fixed stimulation intensity, increasing voluntary muscle activity facilitated MEP amplitudes to a lesser degree in the participants with CP. Consistent differences in diffusion tractography suggested structural abnormalities in the corticospinal pathways of participants with CP that correlated with maximal MEPs. Conclusion. People with bilateral spastic CP have impaired activation of low and high-threshold corticospinal pathways to soleus motoneurons by TMS and reduced facilitation by voluntary activity that may be associated with structural damage to these pathways. These impairments likely contribute to impaired voluntary movement.