bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity comparison between rapid one-step test strip and ELISA methods in detection of HBsAg among selected chronic liver disease patients in University of Calabar Teaching hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Okpokam D.C. , Kooffreh-Ada M. , Okhormhe Z.A. , Ernest N. A. , Nna V. U.
Published: April 2015

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the eloquent hepatic infection that leads to hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to determine the frequency of HBV by screening selected chronic liver disease (CLD) patients alongside few apparently healthy subjects who might be carriers and pose a high risk in HBV transmission. This study also aims to compare the sensitivity between two diagnostic tests; one step rapid test strip device and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).Methodology: Serum of 111 subjects comprising of 76 CLD patients and 35 apparently healthy (control) subjects was screened for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg).Results: Sero-positivity of the two methods of detecting HBsAg was higher in age group 26-35 years and the male folk was found higher in number than the females. The seropositivity of HBV was 28.8% and 81.1% while seronegativity was 71.2% and 18.9% for rapid test strip test device and ELISA test methods, respectively. All the CLD patients 76(100%) and 14 out of 35 of the apparently healthy subjects was positive for ELISA test method.Conclusion: In conclusion, comparing the two methods, ELISA test is more sensitive than one step rapid test strip device for detecting HBsAg in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.Therefore, we recommend strongly, thatELISA method be used to confi rm test results obtained from the one step rapid test strip,when screen for CLD.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11851 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 56-60
Correlation of gender and age with serum adipokines level in north indian adults
Authors: Kumar Pravesh , Srivastava Neena , Tiwari Sunita , Verma Narsingh , Pandey Shivani , Porwal Naveen Bhartia , Kumar Pradeep , Rahul Dr.
Published: April 2015

Objective: There are two forms of adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). Distribution of adipose tissue differs in different gender and different age group. Adipose tissue expresses various secretary proteins, including leptin and adiponectin, collectively called adipokines. The purpose of this study to elucidated the correlation of serum leptin, serum adiponectin levels with age and gender in north Indian population. Materials and Methods: 100 subjects (55 male, 45 female) aged between 18?25 yrs were included in the study. Blood sample were taken after overnight fasting for biochemical assay. Serums were separated by centrifugation method. Serum leptin and serum adiponectin were analyzed by using RayBio ELISA Kit. Result: The serum leptin (pg) was significantly (p=0.001) higher among female (428.28±83.06) subjects compared with males (365.42±102.56). Similarly, serum adiponectin (pg) level was also significantly (p=0.02) higher among females (5313.15±1151.12) than males (4794.72±1078.38). The age was mildly and negatively correlated with Serum adiponectin (r= -0.317, p=0.001) and had no correlation with serum leptin levels. Conclusion: Serum adipokines levels in young north Indian adults are influenced by gender and age of subjects, suggests that female subject, relative to the males, are at increased risk for obesity-related metabolic co-morbidities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11862 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 9-11
Changes in serum level of ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Yadav Shiv Kumar , YI Qi Jian
Published: April 2015

Objective: To investigate the changes in serum levels of ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in Children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) at pre and post percutaneous management of the lesions. Material & Methods: We measured the serum levels of ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 67 patients with CHD and in 20 control subjects; and compared these markers of inflammatory reaction between groups of pre-closure (37 patients) and at the end of 5 minutes (37 patients), 1 month (22 patients) and 3 month (8 patients) post percutaneous management of the lesions. Results: Our results showed that the patients with CHD had significantly higher serum level of Ghrelin, TNF-α and IL-6 in comparison of the controls but gradually return towards the baseline levels at the end of 3 months post percutaneous management of the lesions. Conclusion: The inflammatory reaction is activated in pre-closure and self-limited post-closure in children with CHD. Percutaneous management could improve the inflammatory process, which is safe and effective in children with CHD.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12129 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 12-16
Paediatric Obesity: An Anthropometric study of school children aged between (4-19) years
Authors: Sajjan Pooja Gangrade , Yadav Rajeev
Published: April 2015

Background: World wide spreading on an alarming rate the new non-communicable disease with less paid attention as compared to other nutritional studies: Obesity is catching the attention of medical practioners and policy makers alike. Obesity trends are causing serious public health concerns not only in developed countries but also in the 3rd world countries (developing nations) like ours, as they are causing excusive burden on the viability of already compromised health care system. Objective: This report present the urban anthropometric data of school going children of the state which came into existence not long ago, with varied health needs and limited health care resources:  the state of Chhattisgarh. The study states the prevalence of obesity and overweight among school children of Raigarh district and focuses on tabulating  BMI charts for  Chhattisgarh State  population’ as a data base is not available for the same till date. Materials Methods: Data was collected from school going children of an urban school at Raigarh aged between 4-19 years for both girls and boys. Data was subjected to statistical analysis and results obtained were compared with the WHO guidelines and also postulated by Indian Academy of Paediatrics. Total 4421 students were subjected towards anthropometric measurements. Result: The overall prevalence of obesity (i.e. Subjects having BMI more than 95th percentile) was 5.01 percent. Among boys it was 4.98 percent whereas among girls it was observed at 5.05 percent. Overweight children who ranged between 85th to 95th percentiles recorded a total share of 9.97 percent which was seen as 10 percent in boys and 9.92 percent in girls. But in adolescent age groups the prevalence calculated was far more than expected. Conclusion: This latest data adds to the knowledge about the obesity trends in the newly developing state of Chhattisgarh and requires timely intervention by health authorities for its control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12191Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 41-46
Oxidative stress mediated electrolyte imbalance in 30 known cases of knee osteoarthritis patients: A clinical approach
Authors: Dutta Jusmita , Sharma Dilutpal , Saxena Rahul
Published: April 2015

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative arthritis, is the leading cause of chronic disability in elderly. Although, it is a process of progressive deterioration of articular cartilage with ageing which involves numerous risk factors, it is conceivable that oxidative stress mediated electrolyte imbalance may have a crucial role in the development of hypertension risk in OA elderly. Aims & objective: The present study was designed to assess the association of oxidative stress and altered serum electrolyte levels in OA elderly patients and to determine their effect in predicting hypertension (HT) risk. Methods: Total antioxidant activity (TAA), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) and serum mineral (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) levels were estimated in 40 OA elderly patients by using standard methods and statistically compared it with that of 40 healthy normal individuals of same age group (55-70 years). Result: Plasma TAA, serum potassium, magnesium and calcium levels were significantly low in patient group (p<0.05) as compared to healthy controls whereas erythrocyte MDA levels were significantly high in OA subjects. However, serum sodium levels were increased insignificantly (p<0.1) in OA subjects. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that oxidative stress plays a significant role in shaping the OA older population to develop future hypertension, characterized by altered serum minerals levels. Therefore, consumption of diet rich in antioxidants, proteins and minerals with low dietary salt should be increased with senescence in order to prevent disease complexity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12274 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 26-30
An unusual case of penetrating head injury following road traffic accident
Authors: Pandey Mithilesh Kumar , Roy Kaushik , Chaudhuri Gaurab , Saha Suniti Kumar
Published: April 2015

A 35 year old male was presented with discharging sinus at left frontozygomatic region with trismus for last 1 month. The patient had a past history of penetrating trauma in the vicinity of the left frontozygomatic area following road traffic accident 6 months back. 3D-CT skull was showed a linear dense radiolucent foreign body obliquely placed in the left temporal and infratemporal fossa. Trismus due to trauma usually follows road accidents leading to massive faciomaxillary injury.  But in this case an initial minor penetrating injury was presented trismus in delayed fashion.  The aero digestive tract is the commonest site involved in foreign body lodgement in head and neck region. However the lodgement of foreign-body in an area of infratemporal fossa with unusual symptoms of trismus is quite rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature so far following a road traffic accident.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12329 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 75-77
Prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in different regions and castes of Uttar Pradesh, India -A hospital based study
Authors: Verma Pratima , Ghildiyal Archna , Verma Dileep , Krishna Akhilesh , Singh Shraddha , Kumar Ashutosh , Tiwari Sunita
Published: April 2015

Background: Thalasemia and other hemoglobinopathies are found in all the states of India and their prevalence is quite variable. In Uttar Pradesh very few studies are found which explore the spectrum of hemoglobinopathies. There is no such study which identifies the geographic distribution of high-risk communities with frequencies of hemoglobinopathies. Aim: Present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in different regions and castes of Uttar-Pradesh (UP) state. Materials and Methods: This is a preliminary community based cross-sectional, hospital based study, conducted at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar- Pradesh. Subjects aged between 18 to 65 years were enrolled for sampling. The anticoagulated blood was used for performing CBC (complete blood count), and hemoglobin electrophoresis to measure hemoglobinopathies. Results: The present study revealed higher(28/194;19.5%,p<0.05) prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in Lucknow district as compared to other districts of Uttar-Pradesh and Brahmin caste having high frequency (33/112;29.5%) followed by Jaiswal (3/13;23.1%) and Arora (2/9;22.2%). Conclusion: The data regarding prevalence and distribution can be useful in prevention and management of various hemoglobinopathies which play a vital role in the hospital blood bank as well as in the formulation of transfusion policies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12339 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 21-25
Bilateral lateral rotation of the kidneys with their hilum facing laterally (outwards) - Rare anatomical variations
Authors: Gopinath Vinu , Mookambika RV , Nair Velayudhan , Nair Rema V , Mohandas Rao KG
Published: April 2015

Among the variations of the renal system, abnormalities of structure and position of kidney along with the variations of renal vessels are reported most frequently. However, reports on rotational abnormalities and abnormal positions of renal hilum are scanty. During routine dissection of the posterior abdominal wall, laterally rotated kidneys with laterally facing hila were observed in about 60-year-old male cadaver. On right side, the hilum was more on the anterior surface of the organ and right renal vein was emerging almost from the middle of the anterior surface at the lateral edge of the hilum. However, the hilum of the left kidney was observed along the lateral border of the organ and left renal artery was crossing transversely anterior to the kidney forming a loop to reach the hilum. It was also observed that because of the lateral position of the hilum, the renal vessels and pelvis where passing over the anterior surface of the kidney. Rotational variations and abnormal locations of renal hilum are of importance in surgical procedures like percutaneous nephrectomy. Further clinical and surgical importance of the case is discussed in the paper.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12414 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 82-84
Criticality calculations with PN
approximation for certain scattering parameters of Anlı-Güngör and Henyey-Greenstein phase functions in spherical geometry
Authors: Bülbül A. , Anlı F.
Published: April 2015

PN approximation is applied to neutron transport equation in spherical geometry using Anlı-Güngör (AG) and Henyey-Greenstein (HG) phase functions. These phase functions are used for calculating critical radius and results of PN approximation obtained from AG and HG phase functions are compared with each other for different collision scattering function. The numerical results obtained from AG and HG phase functions are presented in the tables and these results are compared.
Sensitivity study with respect to direction of ADI method during re-flooding in AHWR
Authors: Kumar M. , Mukhopadhyay D. , Ghosh A. K. , Kumar R.
Published: April 2015

The Advanced Heavy water Reactor (AHWR) is a natural circulation vertical pressure tube type boiling light water cooled and heavy water moderated reactor. As the AHWR fuel bundle quenching under accident condition is designed primarily with radial jets at several axial locations, bottom re-flooding still remain open as another option. Radial direction injection of emergency core cooling leads to rewetting of AHWR fuel cluster in circumferential direction. A 3D fuel pin model has been developed by using Finite Difference Method (FDM) of transient heat conduction equation. Alternating Direction Implicit technique of Finite Difference Method (FDM) has been used for discretisation of numerical equation in different time step at different direction. Sensitivity numerical study with respect to direction of ADI method has been carried out to optimize the time step during the transient as well as steady state and is found that it is insensitivity with direction of solution. Further, to assess influence of circumferential rewetting vis-à-vis axial rewetting. Both the analyses are carried out with same fluid temperature and heat transfer coefficients as boundary conditions. It has been found from the analyses that for radial jet, the circumferential conduction is significant and overall the fuel temperature falls in the quench plane with the initiation of quenching event. The paper discusses the sensitivity study with respect to direction of ADI solution and comparison of numerical results for circumferential and axial rewetting for single pin.
Mineral springs, primitive accumulation, and the “new water” in Mexico
Authors: Walsh Casey
Published: April 2015

This article explores the process of centralization of water resources by the Mexican nation-state between 1880 and 1940, and, in particular, how the postrevolutionary state facilitated, after 1920, the transference of control over the Topo Chico mineral springs from the local agrarian community to industrial bottling companies. Using archival evidence, it highlights the importance of science and law in this process and argues that centralization must be understood in terms of “primitive accumulation.” The article focuses on hot mineral springs, which provide a privileged window on centralization and primitive accumulation but are largely ignored in the historiography of water.

Spanish
El artículo explora el proceso de centralización de los recursos hídricos por parte del Estado Mexicano entre 1880–1940, y particularmente analiza la manera en que después de 1920 el estado posrevolucionario facilitó la transferencia del control de las comunidades agrarias locales de los manantiales de Topo Chico, a las empresas embotelladoras industriales. Utilizando fuentes de archivo, el autor evidencia la importancia de la ciencia y el derecho en este proceso, y muestra que la centralización debe entenderse con base en la “acumulación primitiva”. Este artículo se centra en el estudio de las fuentes minerales termales, las cuales a pesar de ser una ventana privilegiada para la centralización y la acumulación primitiva, han sido ampliamente ignoradas por la historiografía hídrica.

French
Cet article explore le processus de centralisation des ressources hydriques par l'Etat-nation mexicain entre 1880 et 1940, et en particulier la façon dont l'Etat postrévolutionnaire a facilité, à partir de 1920, le transfert du contrôle des sources hydriques de Topo Chico des communautés agraires locales aux entreprises d'embouteillage industriels. Fondé sur les sources documentaires archivistiques, il souligne l'importance de la science et du droit dans ce processus, et fait valoir que la centralisation doit être comprise en termes «d'accumulation primitive». L'article se concentre sur les sources d'eaux minérales chaudes, qui fournissent une fenêtre privilégiée sur la centralisation et l'accumulation primitive, mais sont largement ignorées dans l'historiographie de l'eau.
Anatomical considerations of fascial release in ulnar nerve transposition: a concept revisited
Authors: Mahan Mark A. , Gasco Jaime , Mokhtee David B. , Brown Justin M.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Surgical transposition of the ulnar nerve to alleviate entrapment may cause otherwise normal structures to become new sources of nerve compression. Recurrent or persistent neuropathy after anterior transposition is commonly attributable to a new distal compression. The authors sought to clarify the anatomical relationship of the ulnar nerve to the common aponeurosis of the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscles following anterior transposition of the nerve.

METHODS

The intermuscular septa of the proximal forearm were explored in 26 fresh cadaveric specimens. The fibrous septa and common aponeurotic insertions of the flexor-pronator muscle mass were evaluated in relation to the ulnar nerve, with particular attention to the effect of transposition upon the nerve in this region.

RESULTS

An intermuscular aponeurosis associated with the FCU and FDS muscles was present in all specimens. Transposition consistently resulted in angulation of the nerve during elbow flexion when this fascial septum was not released. The proximal site at which the nerve began to traverse this fascial structure was found to be an average of 3.9 cm (SD 0.7 cm) from the medial epicondyle.

CONCLUSIONS

The common aponeurosis encountered between the FDS and FCU muscles represents a potential site of posttransposition entrapment, which may account for a subset of failed anterior transpositions. Exploration of this region with release of this structure is recommended to provide an unconstrained distal course for a transposed ulnar nerve.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of image guidance systems in neurosurgery: a preclinical randomized study
Authors: Marcus Hani J. , Pratt Philip , Hughes-Hallett Archie , Cundy Thomas P. , Marcus Adam P. , Yang Guang-Zhong , Darzi Ara , Nandi Dipankar
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Over the last decade, image guidance systems have been widely adopted in neurosurgery. Nonetheless, the evidence supporting the use of these systems in surgery remains limited. The aim of this study was to compare simultaneously the effectiveness and safety of various image guidance systems against that of standard surgery.

METHODS

In this preclinical, randomized study, 50 novice surgeons were allocated to one of the following groups: 1) no image guidance, 2) triplanar display, 3) always-on solid overlay, 4) always-on wire mesh overlay, and 5) on-demand inverse realism overlay. Each participant was asked to identify a basilar tip aneurysm in a validated model head. The primary outcomes were time to task completion (in seconds) and tool path length (in mm). The secondary outcomes were recognition of an unexpected finding (i.e., a surgical clip) and subjective depth perception using a Likert scale.

RESULTS

The time to task completion and tool path length were significantly lower when using any form of image guidance compared with no image guidance (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). The tool path distance was also lower in groups using augmented reality compared with triplanar display (p = 0.010). Always-on solid overlay resulted in the greatest inattentional blindness (20% recognition of unexpected finding). Wire mesh and on-demand overlays mitigated, but did not negate, inattentional blindness and were comparable to triplanar display (40% recognition of unexpected finding in all groups). Wire mesh and inverse realism overlays also resulted in better subjective depth perception than always-on solid overlay (p = 0.031 and p = 0.008, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

New augmented reality platforms may improve performance in less-experienced surgeons. However, all image display modalities, including existing triplanar displays, carry a risk of inattentional blindness.
A minimally invasive pericoccygeal approach to resection of a large presacral schwannoma: case report
Authors: Emohare Osa , Stapleton Molly , Mendez Alejandro
Published: April 2015

Resection of large presacral schwannomas can present a challenge. The posterior approach is commonly associated with coccygeal disarticulation, partial sacral resection, and muscular disarticulation, which can all result in significant morbidity. Minimally invasive surgery may obviate some of the morbidity traditionally associated with this approach. The authors present the case of a morbidly obese 49-year-old man with an enlarging presacral schwannoma. The patient refused laparoscopic resection because of the morbidity he had experienced with a previous laparoscopic surgery. The tumor was resected using a minimally invasive paracoccygeal approach, which affords improved access with minimal morbidity.
Prevalence and susceptibility pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Kashmir
Authors: Ahmad S
Published: April 2015

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug resistant organism that threatens the effectiveness of antibiotics worldwide and is a threat in hospitals and long-term care settings. Aims: To determine the proportion of MRSA strains and their in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns against various antibiotics. Material and Methods: Different clinical specimens (n= 679) received at Al-Haram Diagnostic, Research and Training Center, Kashmir during a two year period commencing January, 2009 to December, 2010 were cultured, the isolates identified using standard microbiological techniques and their antibiotic susceptibilities determined. Results: Of the 679 specimens, Staphylococcus. aureus was isolated in 127 and 32 (25.2%) of these 127 were found be MRSA. No significant association with age or sex were observed in the MRSA positive specimens. MRSA were mainly isolated from burns, and skin and superficial soft tissue infections. MRSA isolates were found to be 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and 94%, 87%, 81%, 78% and 75% of isolates were resistant to Gentamycin, Tetracycline, Clindamycin, Erythromycin and Co-trimoxazole respectively. Conclusions: The relatively high proportion of MRSA and the associated antibiotic resistance seen in this study emphasizes the need for local or country based surveillance to characterize and monitor MRSA and to develop strategies that will improve MRSA treatment and control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i4.16663 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 04 October 13 Page 427-431
Prevalence of HIV in pregnant women in a rural area of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Tamboli Sabiha Saleem , Raju Reena , Nagoba BS
Published: April 2015

Abstract not availableBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.216
Clinico-pathological study of 273 cases of rhinosporidiosis over a period of ten years in a tertiary care institute catering predominantly rural population of tribal origin
Authors: Sengupta Sanjay , Pal Subrata , Biswas Biplab Kr , Jana Sritanu , Biswas Sudhanya , Minz Raison Shail
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an organism whose taxonomy is still debated. The present study was aimed to document the clinico-pathological presentation of rhinosporidiosis in different parts in reference to caste, age and gender. Evaluation of diagnostic role of cytology in the diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis was also explored.Materials and Methods: All histology confirmed rhinosporidial cases were included in the study. Detailed clinical history and examination findings including previous hematological and cytological reports, if available, were collected and tabulated. Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Mucicarmine stains were used over cyto- and histological slides, if necessary.Observations: Male cases were more frequent in these series though this sex difference is less pronounced among tribal population. Majority of the cases belonged to 21-40 years age group. Nose and nasopharynx was the commonest site of infection and polypoid mass lesions were the commonest presentation. Both scrape and aspiration cytology could successfully detect rhinosporidiosis in 100% cases.Discussion: Most of the cases are among poor-socioeconomic status and probably out-door activities and pond bathing habit. Haematological data correlation did not revealed any significant association. Histology is the preferred method for confirmed diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis. Rare cases of misdiagnosis can be avoided by use of special stains.Conclusion: Rhinosporidiosis commonly presents as polypoidal lesions in nose and extra-nasal sites. Histopathology is the standard method for confirmation of diagnosis. Cytology can be used as an adjunct for pre-operative diagnosis of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis. We recommended use of special stains for diagnosis of difficult cases.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.159-164
Primary dural hemangiopericytoma with xanthomatous change mimicking meningioma: a case report with brief review of literature
Authors: Shetty Archana , Geetahmani Venkat , Anil Kumar Savitha , B Lekha M
Published: April 2015

Hemangiopericytomas of the Central Nervous system present as a distinct clinicopathologic entity, having been categorized as a mesenchymal-meningothelial tumour, according to the current WHO classification. Not only is the lesion rare, but it also bears imaging, macro-micro and immunohistochemical similarities to the commoner tumour-meningioma and to the solitary fibrous tumour and has an indolent biological behaviour unlike the other two. We present a case of a 48 year old lady, diagnosed on imaging as meningioma, which turned out to be a dural hemangiopericytoma after complete histological and immunohistochemical work up. Excluding hemangiopericytoma in lesions presenting as intra-cranial tumours is critical, as the tumour is known for recurrence and metastasis, thereby warranting more aggressive treatment by the neurosurgeons, aiding in better patient care. We report this case not only because of its rarity, but also to show the xanthomatous change the tumour showed, not documented in literature so far.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.206-209
Silibinin, up-regulates chemokine receptor expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line
Authors: Khannazer Nikoo , Paylakhi Seyed Hassan , Mirshafiey Abbas , Azizi Gholamreza , Motamed Nasrin
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Silibinin, a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from the milk thistle plant (Silybummarianum), has various applications in cancer therapy. This investigation aimed to examine the effects of silibinin on proliferation and chemokine receptor expression on MDA-MB-231 cells, a highly metastatic human breast cancer cell line.Methods: The cytotoxic effect of silibinin on MDA-MB-231 cells was determined by micro-culture tetrazolium test (MTT) assay. In addition, the expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR7 genes in response to silibinin was evaluated by Real-Time PCR.Results: Data analysis from MTT assay showed that silibinin had dose-dependent and time-dependent inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-231 cell line. Moreover, Real-Time PCR analysis showed that silibinin not only had no inhibitory effects on CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR7 gene expressions, but also could increase significantly the expression of these genes in a dose and time-dependent manner.Conclusion: These results revealed for the first time the increased possibility of CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR7 genes expression in response to silibinin in human breast cancer cells.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.190-195
Patients satisfaction with orthodontic treatment at King Khalid University, College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shahrani Ibrahim Al , Tikare Shreyas , Togoo Rafi Ahmad , Qahtani Fahad Al , Assiri Khalid , Meshari Ahmad Al
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is important for ensuring patients adherence in orthodontic treatment. As teaching institutions, dental college clinics must constantly strive to find a balance between satisfying the needs of the patients and ensuring proper training of the students. The objective of the present study was to assess dental patients satisfaction with orthodontic treatment and related services at King Khalid University, College of Dentistry (KKU COD), Saudi Arabia.Materials and methods: A 19 item closed end questionnaire was developed and pretested to assess patients satisfaction with orthodontic care. The questionnaire items were designed under three domains: 1) Reception and work environment, 2) doctor-patient relationship, and 3) treatment expectations and satisfaction. The study sample consisted of all patients consulting the orthodontic clinics during the time frame of the survey and those who were willing to participate.Results: A total of 72 patients completed the survey within the time framework. The mean age of the patients was 21.2±8.06 of which males were 69.5% and Females 30.5%. The highest subscale score was found to be with patients treatment expectations and satisfaction (92.6%) followed by reception and work environment (89.3%) and dentist-patient relationship (82.7%). The overall patients satisfaction for orthodontic services among the patients was found to be 87.1%.Conclusion: There was a high dental patients satisfaction with orthodontic services at COD KKU, Saudi Arabia as a teaching institution. The dentist-relationship was found to be key factor in determining dental patients satisfaction.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.146-150
Frequency of impacted teeth in patients referred to a radiology center and the radiology department of Mashhad School of Dentistry
Authors: Kazemian Mozhgan , Zarch Seyyed Hossein Hosseini , Banihashemi Elham , Khajavi Mohammad Amin , Moradi Elham
Published: April 2015

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and distribution of impacted teeth and the associated pathologies.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 10,000 panoramic radiographs of patients referred to a private radiology center and the radiology department of the School of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were assessed from 2009 to 2012. All the radiographs were observed by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist. The number, position and inclination of impacted teeth and the associated pathologies were recorded.Results: Of 10,000 radiographs, 3,374 impacted teeth were observed. Third molar was the most prevalent impacted tooth of both jaws (95%), followed by canine, second premolar, second molar, and lateral incisor and first premolar teeth. The vertical position accounted for 36% of all impacted third molars positions, followed by mesioangular (30%), distoangular (22%), horizontal (11%), and buccolingual (1.5%) positions. The most common pathological feature related to impacted teeth was adjacent dental caries (64.7%). Moreover, root resorption of the adjacent tooth (0.6%) and increased follicular space (0.5%) were among the observed complications.Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of tooth impaction was 33.74%, and the most common impacted teeth were vertically angulated third molars, accounting for most of the cases. In addition, adjacent dental caries was the most prevalent related pathology.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.165-168
How to manage persistent hiccups in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation?
Authors: Firouzian Abolfazl , Darvishi Khezri Hadi , Zeydi Amir Emami
Published: April 2015

Abstract not availableBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.213-214
Femoral neck fracture treatment methods and results evaluation in children in a 5 year period Mashhd, Iran
Authors: Moghadam Mohammad Hallaj , Shervin Hasan Rahmi , Alami Masoomeh
Published: April 2015

Background: Femoral neck fractures are rare in children. This type of fracture usually originates from high energy traumas. This fracture has serious complications and one of the most disabling one is avascular necrosis. The goal of this research is active follow up of patients in order to decide about the rate of late complications, patients function after surgery and residual pain.Methods: In this five year study, 35 patients were evaluated and different parameters studied. These parameters included: age, sex, side of fracture, mechanics of injury, type of reduction, rate and type of complication followed surgery.Results: In general, femoral neck fractures are more common between 16 and 20. It is two fold common in females than males and it was more common in left side. The most common mechanisms was falling. Treatment methods were open reduction in 88 % and close reduction in 12%. The most common type of fractures was type 3. Following treatment, 60% of patients remained uncomplicated and 40% had complication. In fact, limitation in internal and external rotation in 20 to 30 degree was the most common complication. 30% of patients complained of mild pain during walking.Conclusion: After appropriate treatment most patients with femoral neck fracture have no complications, however in some cases a vascular necrosis occurs as a serious complication. This study will provide clues and information to design studies with more patients to assess how different treatment methods have impact on outcomes of patients.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.183-185
In memory of Prof. Ghulam Muazzam: legendary medical scholar of Bangladesh
Authors: Muazzam Naima , Al-Mahmood Abu Kholdun
Published: April 2015

Abstract not availableBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.117-118
The features of psycho-vegetative disorders and their role in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease with obesity
Authors: Oparin Alex , Korniienko Daria , Oparin Anatoliy , Lavrova Nataly , Dvoyashkina Julia , Khomenko Ludmila
Published: April 2015

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disease of the XXI century, affecting the population in the developed countries. There is a clear tendency to increasing of gastroesophageal reflux disease among people of young age.Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics and role of psychosomatic and vegetative state disorders in the pathogenesis of GERD with concomitant obesity.Materials and methods: 50 young patients with GERD were examined during the study. Depending on the presence or absence of concomitant obesity, two groups were formed. They underwent pH-metery, ultrasonic scanning. State of psycho-somatic, vegetative statuses and quality of life we determined by the questionnaires of Beck, Spielberg, Sheehan, Wayne.Results: During the ultrasound examination we determined the esophageal opening diameter, the thickness of esophageal wall, the esophagus width in the lower one third of the esophagus differed significantly in 2 groups of patients (p<0.05). In the group of the GERD patients with concomitant obesity the sharp increase of depression level was found, comparing with both the standard and the second group (p<0.05). It wasnt found the significant difference amount other figures of vegetative and psychosomatic statuses in 2 groups of patients (p>0.05). The patients with GERD of both groups had significantly higher level of motor-evacuation and psycho-vegetative disorders comparing with healthy people (p<0.05).Conclusion: GERD patients have pronounced motor-evacuation disorders and significantly greater manifestations of psycho-vegetative disorders which were more pronounced in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with concomitant obesity.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.142-145
Ameloblastic carcinoma of the mandible
Authors: Purmal Kathiravan , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Pohchi Abdullah , Rahman Shaifulizan Abdul
Published: April 2015

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a highly malignant tumour and requires aggressive treatment. This case report describes an aggressive ameloblastic carcinoma that infiltrated the mandible. Mandibulectomy with right functional radical neck dissection and left supra omohyoid dissection was followed by primary reconstruction with a single free vascularised fibula flap. The post-operative course was uneventful. The 2-year regular follow up revealed no signs of recurrent tumour or metastasis. Future reporting of this rare condition is encouraged in lieu of limited information in its clinical course and prognosis.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.196-202
Knowledge on care of autistic child among the mothers attending Protibondhi Foundation, Dhaka
Authors: Parvin Nadira , Haque Md Monoarul , Bhuiyan Md Rijwan , Haqe Monirul , Saha Pradip Kumar , Islam ASM Mazharul
Published: April 2015

Objective: Autism has a strong genetic basis, although the genetics of autism are complex and it is unclear. This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to explore the knowledge on care of autistic children among the mothers attending Protibondhi Foundation, Dhaka.Methods: A total of 385 samples were selected purposively, but due to time and budget constrict it was 150 finally. Data were collected by using an anonymous, pre-tested, semi structured and self-administered questionnaire.Results: The study revealed that more than 50% of the respondents were in the age group 16-30 years, majority of the respondents were Muslim. Almost 84% of the respondents were SSC-Graduate and majority of them (nearly 50%) were housewife .The monthly family income was ranged between Taka 25,001-50,000 and its percentage was 53.3%. The knowledge about type of autism is very low, the data showed that only two types of autism they knew and the respondents knowledge about the risk factor was also very low; only 24% of the respondents had knowledge about complications during pregnancy and delivery related risk factors. About 28% needed physiotherapy, 30% needed occupational therapy, 34% needed speech therapy & 44.7% needed psychotherapy. Here significant association was found between age, education and knowledge about autism (p<0.05).Conclusion: Overall knowledge on care of autistic child was not satisfactory among respondents.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.179-182
Typical signs of secundum atrial septal defect in a young female
Authors: Khan Md Abdul Mahid , Banoo Hasina , Ahmed Sheikh Salahuddin , Shahriar Abdullah , Nasiruzzaman AHM
Published: April 2015

We report the case of a 25-year-female presented with dyspnea & chest pain on exertion. The ECG showed signs of right ventricular overload. The chest X-ray showed an enlargement of central pulmonary arteries, pulmonary plethora and a small aortic knuckle. Atrial septal defect (ASD) was suspected and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) subsequently confirmed the presence of a large ostium secundum ASD. A surgical closure with an equine pericardium patch was performed. Two months after the surgical repair, the ECG and TTE showed the regression of signs of right ventricular overload.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.203-205
Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in primary health care unit
Authors: Sarkar Aditya Prasad , Dhar Goutam , Sarkar Munmun Das , Ghosh Tapan Kumar , Ghosh Sulekha
Published: April 2015

Aim: The aim of the study is to find out the role of common haematological parameters along with micro-ESR, I/T ratio in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis for initiating early management.Methods: This is a descriptive study consisting of 35 neonates admitted at a sophisticated institute with clinical suspicion of septicaemia along with 40 neonates as the comparison group. The neonatal haematological parameters including total leucocytes count, absolute neutrophil count, immature neutrophil count, I/T ratio, platelet count were measured in all the neonates. Micro-ESR was measured as a bed side test. CRP was also measured using slide agglutination method and the results were compared with turbidimetric method. Blood culture was done as a gold standard test for sepsis. Micro-ESR more than age of the patient in days +3 mm in 1st hour was considered significant for sepsis. I/T ratio more than or equal to 0.2 was considered positive for sepsis.Results: The study revealed that micro-ESR and I/T ratio were significantly higher (p<0.001) in suspected cases of septicaemia as compared to the neonates in the comparison group. Sensitivity and specificity of micro-ESR were 87.09% and 75.0% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of I/T ratio were 93.54% and 95% respectively.Conclusion: Micro-ESR and I/T ratio can be used effectively as cheap and simple tests to screen for septicaemia in neonate which is possible even in a primary health care centre.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.169-172
Stress in medical undergraduates; its association with academic performance
Authors: Sajid Aisha , Ahmad Tanvir , Khalid Tanzeela
Published: April 2015

Objectives: To explore the difference in level of perceived stress among medical undergraduates of various classes and its association with their academic performance.Methodology: This observational study was conducted by the faculty members at University Medical & Dental College Faisalabad, Pakistan during six months period from October 2012 to March 2013. All the regular medical undergraduate students of five academic years MBBS from 2007 to 2012 were included in the study. The stress level of the students was determined by PSS 14 and the factors leading to stress were evaluated by a predesigned questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to compare the level of stress among various classes and its causative factors.Results: Mean PSS was highest for final year students. Third year MBBS had significant difference in stress level both with first year (p=0.042) and final year MBBS (p=0.004). High achievers were less stressed as compared to low achievers (p=0.006). Consecutive boring lectures, lack of time for recreation, gap between students and teacher followed by difficulty selecting the reading material turned out to be the major stressors.Conclusion: Students of all the five academic years experience stress and the final year MBBS is the most stressed one. On the other hand low academic achievement group is more stressed as compared to high academic achievers from all the five classes. Student support programs to combat stress may be planned to improve their quality of life and their academic scores as well.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.135-141
Correlates of perceived Stigma and depression among the women with HIV/AIDS infection
Authors: Mohite Vaishali R , Mohite Rajsinh Vishwasrao , George J
Published: April 2015

Background: Depression, a universal problem for individuals with HIV/AIDS because the disease creates uncertainty and disruption in every aspect of their lives.Objectives: To assess the level of perceived stigma and depression among women with HIV/AIDS infection and to determine relationship between perceived stigma and depression.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Bel-Air hospital located at Panchgani, state of Maharashtra, India during year 2013 among the women with HIV/AIDS infection. By purposive sampling technique, 50 women were enrolled and interviewed by utilizing standardized data collection tool i.e. stigma perception scale by Sowell et al and CES-D by Radloff after institutional ethical clearance certificate.Statistics: Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data.Results: Out of a total 50 HIV infected women, maximum 26 (52%) belonged to the age group of 28-36 years.  All the women were married; out of which majority were widows 28 (56%).  Among the study subjects, maximum, 25 (50%)   were having secondary education, followed by 46 (92%) as housewives.  38 (76%) women were aware of HIV status ranging from 1 month to 2.5 years. However, 43 (86%) reported that they had acquired HIV infection from their husband. Almost all women perceived stigma at some or other time of which majority, 26 (52%) perceived stigma frequently whereas 19 (38%) and 5 (10%) perceived stigma always and occasionally respectively. Similarly all the women have some sort of depression and majority, 37 (74%) experienced depression most of the time whereas 13 (26%) experienced depression occasionally. The perceived stigma and depression have a significant positive correlation as indicated by correlation coefficient.Conclusion: Moderate to severe degree of stigma and depression was perceived by women with a status of HIV/AIDS infection. A significant positive relationship is also existed between perceived stigma and depression among the women with HIV/AIDS infection.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.151-158
Foreign Body in abdomen
Authors: Alam Md Zakirul , Aziz Mohibul
Published: April 2015

A 19 years old married female presented with severe upper abdominal pain, repeated vomiting having history of swallowing a knife 7 months ago was admitted in Mordern Clinic and Diagnostic center, Joypurhat, Bangladesh. USG abdomen & X-ray (fig-1) abdomen were done when presence of a large foreign body (knife fig-3) in abdomen was made which latter on confirmed by Endoscopy of upper GIT (fig-2). Surprisingly the patient kept it in her abdomen for 7 months without any symptoms until the symptoms got worse and compelled her to seek medical help. The knife was removed by laparotomy, gastrotomy with uneventful recovery.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.210-212
Oralfacialdigital syndrome type 1: a review
Authors: Adyanthaya Amith , Adyanthaya Soniya
Published: April 2015

The oralfacialdigital syndromes result from the pleiotropic effect of a morphogenetic impairment affecting almost invariably the mouth, face and digits. Other organ systems can be involved, defining specific types of OFDS. To date, 13 types have been distinguished based on characteristic clinical manifestations. The oralfacialdigital syndrome type I is discussed in detail with emphasis on clinical features, molecular genetics and diagnosis.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.130-134