bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroluminescent optical fiber sensor for detection of a high intensity electric field
Authors: Pustelny Tadeusz Piotr
Published: June 2020

On-line testing of high power electromagnetic devices is one of the most important problems of modern industrial metrology. In the paper, the results of experimental investigations of the electric field optical fiber sensor based on the electroluminescent phenomena are presented. The electro¬luminescent effect is observed in some composite semicon¬ductors, among others in zinc sulfide ZnS crystals. In our investigations, the used ZnS crystal was doped with copper Cu atoms as activators. The concentration of activator in the ZnS crystal was about 5.10-4 [g/g]. According to plans of investi¬gations of the elaborated electroluminescent sensor, the spectral properties as well as the intensity of light emission in sinusoidal alternating electric field were tested.Full Text: PDF References:K.T.V. Grattan, Fiber Optic Fluorescence Thermometry, Chapman and Hall, London, 1996 [CrossRef]K. Kyuma, S. Tai, T. Sawada, "Fiber-optic instrument for temperature measurement", J. Quntum. Electronics, 73(3), 1997 [CrossRef]A. Brief, J. Chem. Educ., 88(6), 731 (2011). [CrossRef]T. Pustelny, B. Pustelny, "Investigation of electroluminophores for their practical application in optical fibre sensor technology", Opto-Electronics Rev.,10(3), 193 (2002). [CrossRef]A.Wrzesinska, Photo- and electroluminophore, Wroclaw, PWN Press, 1988, (in polish) [DirectLink]K.A. Franz, W.G. Kehr, "Luminescent Materials", Ullmans Encyclopedie of Industral Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Veinhen, 2008 [CrossRef]A.G. Milnes, Deep Impurities In Semiconductors, A Willey-Interscience Publication, Toronto, 1993 [DirectLink]M. Aven, J.S. Prener, Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Compounds, North-Holland Publishing Company - Amsterdam, 1993 [DirectLink]P.K. Cheo, Fiber Optics Devices and Systems, Prentice-Hall, 1985 [CrossRef]D. Randall, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence, Grown, Oxford, 2007. [CrossRef]M. Koen, Photoconductivity of Semiconductors, Edited by Parks, New York, 1996 [CrossRef]K.R. Murphy, C.A. Stedmon, Annal. Methods, 6(3), 658, (2014) [CrossRef]T. Pustelny, K. Barczak, K. Gut, J. Wojcik, "Special optical fiber type D applied in optical sensor of electric currents", Optica Applicata, 34(4), 531 (2004). [DirectLink]K. Barczak, T. Pustelny, D. Dorosz, J. Dorosz, "Polarization maintaining fibers for application in magnetic field measurements", Europ. Phys. Journal: S.T., 154, 11, (2008) [CrossRef]
Rewriting Politics, or the Emerging Fourth Wave of Feminism in Margaret Atwood’s The Testaments
Authors: Gheorghiu Oana Celia , Praisler Michaela
Published: June 2020

Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) has recently returned to the spotlight with the success of its TV adaptation and with her decision to deliver a sequel. Speculative fiction invites speculative criticism; in this spirit, this paper investigates The Testaments (2019), tracing the rewriting of politics embedded in the narrative. Whilst the inspiration for The Handmaid’s Tale came from the rise of Christian fundamentalism, it is obvious from Atwood’s more recent statements that she considers the Trump era “a rollback of women’s rights” (2018). The slogan of second-wave feminists, ‘the personal is political,’ is now as topical as it was in the 1960s, and The Testaments may well become a literary manifesto of a new (fourth) wave as part of the storm surge of feminism. Therefore, before turning to Atwood, an outline of the chronological clashes of feminism(s) and a discussion on women and language is presented. This is followed by an examination of the three main characters and representatives of ideas.
fatores associados à incidência da cefaleia em estudantes da educação superior em cursos da saúde
Authors: Bentes Lívia Guerreiro de Barros , Lemos Rafael Silva , Barreto Ricardo Moreira , Carvalho Rainara Ferreira , Brito Caio Vinícius Botelho
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a incidência da cefaleia em estudantes do ensino superior dos cursos das áreas da saúde entre os anos de 2016-2019 na literatura. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO, Lilacs e PubMed; os descritores usados foram: cefaleia e estudantes, nas bases SciELO e Lilacs, e students e headache na base PubMed. Os filtros utilizados foram: nível de ensino superior em cursos da área da saúde e pesquisas, em português e inglês, publicados no ano 2016 até junho de 2019. Resultados: 861 artigos foram analisados ao total nas bases de dados selecionadas, porém, ao final da seleção, apenas 12 artigos estavam adequados para a descrição. Nesse sentido, desses 12 artigos selecionados, todos são estudos transversais quantitativos, nos quais 11 utilizaram questionários e apenas um realizou entrevistas; 75% trataram de cefaleia em estudantes de Medicina especificamente. Analisando as pesquisas, dois artigos divergiram do restante ao afirmar uma baixa prevalência de cefaleia em estudantes da área da saúde, entretanto, um desses artigos identificou alta prevalência de cefaleia em estudantes da área da saúde brasileiros, especificamente. Conclusão: Verificou-se que a maior prevalência de cefaleia entre os estudantes do ensino superior está dentre os estudantes dos cursos de saúde, principalmente no curso de Medicina. Além disso, o sexo mais afetado por cefaleia e estresse foi o feminino; sendo importante ressaltar que vários estudantes recorriam a métodos farmacêuticos
Y Kuşağı Gençliğinin Yaşlılık ve Yaşlanmaya İlişkin Tutumları: Nevşehir Örneği
Authors: KURTKAPAN Hamza
Published: June 2020

Türkiye’de yaşlı nüfusun genel nüfus içerisindeki oranı hızla artmaktadır. 2060 yılında, Türkiye’de yaşayan her beş kişiden birinin yaşlı olacağı ön görülmektedir. Günümüzde 20’li yaşlarını deneyimleyen gençler, 2060’lı yıllarda yaşlılığa adım atacaklardır. Türkiye’nin 21. yy.’ın ikinci yarısına ilişkin yaşlılık politikaları, bu dönemde yaşlılığa adım atacak olan Y kuşağının özellikleri ve tutumları göz önünde bulundurularak yapılmalıdır. Türkiye’de Y kuşağı ile ilgili pek çok çalışma yapılmış ancak onların yaşlılık ve yaşlanma ile ilgili tutumlarına yeteri kadar bakılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, Y kuşağına mensup 19-24 yaş grubundaki gençlerin, yaşlılık ve yaşlanmaya ilişkin tutumlarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesinde 2018-2019 Eğitim ve Öğretim Yılı Bahar Dönemine kayıtlı lisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, araştırmaya katılan gençlerin yaşlılık ve yaşlanmaya ilişkin görece olumsuz bir tutuma sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaşlılık ve yaşlanmaya ilişkin tutumlarının cinsiyet, yaşam yeri, aile türü ve büyük ebeveynler ile birlikte yaşama değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir düzeyde değişmediği görülmüştür. Ancak büyük ebeveynler ile geçirilen sürenin, yaşlılık ve yaşlanmaya ilişkin tutumu olumsuz etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada, yaşlanmaya ilişkin olumlu tutumun, yaşlı bireyler ile ileride çalışma arkadaşı olma isteğine olumlu yansıdığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yaşlı bakımında devlet yerine aileyi önceleyen katılımcılarda, daha olumlu bir yaşlılık ve yaşlanma tutumu tespit edilmiştir.
Causes Of Women Harassment At Workplace
Authors: Sultan Rana Saba , Akbar Ambreen , Ahmed Nargis , Parveen Mussarat
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the causes of women harassment at work place. Pharmaceutical and Garment factories S.I.T.E, Karachi are used to analyze the subject. This study elaborates different types and forms of harassments and explains the laws, legal constitutional framework and few court judgments on sexual harassment as a reference. The researcher comprises of comprehensive reviews of the past research studies. A concrete research review has been done in order to cover all the corners of the subject. Then explains the research methodology in which the study drives the research method to the topic. Structured questionnaire was designed to extract the information about the respondents and analyze it through research techniques. 300 total number of female respondents were taken from 10 different pharmaceutical and garment factories of S.I.T.E Karachi. Descriptive and inferential research method was applied to understand the depth of the topic. A regression analysis was used to find the relationship between dependent and independent variables.
Socio-Demographic Determinants Of Fertility Behaviour Of Women: Evidence From A Panel Study Of Four South Asian Countries
Authors: Maqsood Fauzia , Baneen Ummel
Published: June 2020

This paper aimed at estimating the socio-demographic determinants of fertility behaviour among women by using panel data of four developing countries of Asia (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal) for the years 1994-2013. All these countries are currently on third stage of demographic transition. The researcher used age at first marriage of female (AFMF), Contraceptive Prevalence rate (CPR), Educational Attainment of Female (EAF) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) as proxy measures of Socio-demographic factors that determine the fertility behaviour of women in South Asian countries. On the first step the researcher used descriptive statistics to know the average and variance values in data. On the second step Panel Least Square (OLS) method was used to estimate the relationship between the variables. Results of present study revealed that age at first marriage of female, contraceptive prevalence rate and educational attainment of female were negatively associated with total fertility rate, while, Infant mortality rate was positively related with total fertility rate. It was concluded that efforts could be placed on these socio-demographic variables to control or to regulate fertility behaviour of women.
The Role Of Ideological State Apparatuses In Identity Formation In Qaisra Shahraz’s: The Holy Woman
Authors: Saeed Amna , Khan Azher
Published: June 2020

This research aims to critically analyze the role of Ideological State Apparatuses, defined by Louis Althusser, in identity formation of Zari Bano, the protagonist in the novel “The Holy Woman” written by Qaisra Shahraz. According to Althusser, ideology functions through ISAs which change individuals to ideological subjects within capitalist society. This study focuses on the influences of the cultural ISA, the political ISA and the family ISA on the character of Zari Bano. The study also analyzes the moments of ‘interpellation’ by critically evaluating the text of the novel and reveals how the characters act in certain ways and blindly accept certain beliefs and ideologies. The findings of the research indicate that the ISAs play a crucial role in formation of individuals’ identities and the socio-cultural / political ideologies set double standards in a patriarchal society, particularly for women, which are difficult to challenge. The research is significant as it deals with the issue of passive discursive ideologies at work in setting up different norms and values in a patriarchal society and how these are given the status of natural laws of life to be followed blindly by the social subjects. This research study is limited to the analysis of interpellation and ISAs only on Zari Bano and the characters closely related to her within the first part of the novel. The study is replicable and may draw attention of the scholars to investigate the role of ISAs other than those in this paper and explain action and reactions of the characters involved.
Gender Differences In Adjustment Issues, Quality Of Life And Psychological Resilience Among Hostel Students
Authors: Hasan Daniya , Kazmi Umm E Rubab , Jawahir Kanzal
Published: June 2020

The present study explores gender differences in adjustment issues, quality of life and psychological resilience among hostel students. Purposive sampling was used and 400 hostel students (female=183 and male=217) were taken from public and private sector colleges/universities. Students from 1st year, BS (year1) and MS (year1) with 18-25 years were taken. The College Adjustment Test CAT was translated in Urdu language and administered on the students along with PR, Short form survey (SF-36) and demographic form. Results show that reliability of the scales was found to be significant CAT α=0.72, SF-36 α=0.80 and PR α= 0.62. The first hypothesis showed significant result (p = 0.03) that 1st year students tend to face more adjustment issues rather than BS (year 1). The second hypothesis verified that female students encounter more adjustment problems as compared to male students. Male students show higher psychological resilience (PR) as compared to female students. While there are no gender differences found on the variable of QOL which was assessed through SF-36. PR showed negative correlation with adjustment issues r=-0.11and SF-36 r=0.20. This research will help university administrators, counselors and student affair officers to design appropriate policy/ programs with varieties of support packages to address the needs of the students.
Assessment Of Political Literacy Among Female Students At The University Of Balochistan
Authors: Batool Rubeena , Jabeen Musarrat
Published: June 2020

Political literacy is sited at the periphery of political empowerment designs the real driver for good governance. This paper assesses the prevalence of political literacy based on political knowledge-attitude-practice among the female students in the University of Balochistan. We used KAP (knowledge-attitude-practice) analysis method to create the primary data. The qualitative factors analysis allow us to deduct the decline in the strength of political literacy when it moves from thought to action; sequenced as political knowledge factor found 79%, political attitude factor found 58%, and political practice factor found 34%.The paper suggests that political literacy higher in knowledge and least in practices warrants the ineffectiveness of legally granted political empowerment to women in Balochistan. The policy makers may utilize this study for the effective women’s political empowerment to achieve good governance vis-a-vis incurring economic development in and around Balochistan.
Problems Of Females’ Progression In Higher Education: Perceptions Of Female University Students
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Tatlah Ijaz Ahmad , Afghani Arfa
Published: June 2020

The study aims to investigate the barriers that hinder in the progress of females’ higher education. The study adopted a mixed methods approach. The quantitative data is collected from 200 female students of a Pakistani public university through a structured questionnaire, whereas to generate the qualitative data semi-structured interviews are conducted from 15 female students from the same group. The findings highlight ignorant parents as major barrier in the way of females’ higher education. Moreover, cultural norms, low socio-economic status, unavailability of universities in remote areas, and stereotype thinking of families are also pointed out as main barriers of females’ progression in higher education. Some implications for policy are offered and suggestions for future research are proposed.
Revisiting Gender And Feminism: Global And Pakistani Perspectives
Authors: Khattak Shabana Shamaas Gul
Published: June 2020

This study elaborates a discussion of my previous studies; ‘Feminism in Education’1 and ‘Synthesising Feminists’ Theories2. Here, I analyse the three waves of feminism through my feminist lens of liberal, socialist/Marxist, radical and Islamic feminism. I argue that the waves of feminism enhance our understanding about gender struggle for equality around the global. However the differences of processes and parameters of discrimination are varies from society to society and culture to culture. Unknowably, feminism in Pakistan has been alive since the freedom struggle from the British imperialism for their national cause. However lack of education and patriarchy increase the gender gap in the country and make men more powerful. I concluded that only higher education can transform women own beliefs to defend and fight for themselves by productive positive arguments with their family men. It does not mean they are violating their religion or ethical values.
Terrorism, Human Rights Dilemma And Its Effects On Women In Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Baloch Akhtar , Tahir Iram
Published: June 2020

The global war on terror has created a human rights dilemma for the mostmarginalised groups in societies. In a highly patriarchal society like Pakistan, this dilemma is further magnified due to the lack of focus on human rights problems it creates for subsections of society that do not have equal access to mainstream resources, such as women. This paper seeks to identify the human rights issues created due to terrorism and counter-terrorism from a gendered perspective in the context of women in Swat, Pakistan. Secondary data analysis has been used as a research methodology, and the Feminist Theory has been applied as the theoretical framework. Findings reveal that women in Swat have suffered human rights abuses in the economic, social and cultural context far more than men, and continue to suffer from psychological problems. The militant activity in Swat altered the mindset of women towards terrorism, creating women militants. The paper concludes that women in Swat suffered severe human rights abuses to their economic, social and cultural freedoms, and were not beneficiary to adequate rehabilitation initiatives, leaving emotional and mental after-effects on these women.
Violence Against Women Affects Child’s Personality: Perceptions Of The Mothers And Their Adolescent
Authors: Akram Madieha , Batool Zahira
Published: June 2020

Adolescents show distress when their parents have conflicts. Their common reactions are fear, anxiety, anger and sadness. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of violence against women at home on the personality development of the adolescents. To get meaningful information both methods of quantitative and qualitative research were used. A cross-sectional research was conducted in all four urban towns of District Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. A random sample of 400 adolescents and their mothers (25 from each union council) were taken through pre-designed interviewing schedule. In qualitative study detailed information through 8 focus group discussions of 4-12 mothers of the adolescents were collected. Uni-variate and bi-variate analysis demonstrates the connection among the variables. Results showed that the majority of those mothers who had a high level of violence in their home had high levels of bad effect on their adolescent's personality development.
Effects Of Sports And Social Well-Being On Physical And Mental Health Of Pakistani Women
Authors: Jahangir Shagufta , Manzoor Asma
Published: June 2020

Sports are very trendy observable fact in the world. It is the greatest extensive communal institution of contemporary civilization. It increases social hierarchies of any society, which is based on class, competition, gender and ethnicity. Almost all societies of the world aren’t comfortable that women get involved in games, while it plays a vital role in shaping social, cultural and economic values. Usually Women at their peak lacks in physical and mental strength as compared to men because they cannot sustain fatigue and strain beyond certain limit therefore, they have to compromise their sports careers usually before attaining the highest goal. The objective of this study is to explore different perspectives regarding sports women in sports activities and it also aims to analyze critically the misconceptions regarding women sports. The researcher has used both qualitative and quantitative research method and by using snowball sampling technique collected data through the interview schedule from 210 sports women residing in different places of Pakistan and hence, five case studies are in corporated in this study. The findings of the study highlight that societal misconceptions have strictly prohibited women from sports activities because dominant people create misconceptions regarding women sports in the society according to their own perceptions. It is observed that wrong fallacies regarding sports activities are very strong in the Pakistani society, which restricts women to participate in sports activities. According to the research findings it is the responsibility of the Government to facilitate women and provide them different facilities which not only assure their mental health but also provide them opportunity of full participation in sports by providing them childcare facilities, economic stability, maintaining their social respect, self - esteem, and empowering them.
An Observational Study Of Verbal And Nonverbal Communication In Female And Male University Students
Authors: Ali Aliyah , Nasreen Shagufta , Wajdi M. Abuzar
Published: June 2020

Gender based sociological and linguistic studies show that differences exist in communication style of men and women, boys and girls. Although many gender stereotypes have changed with modernization and awareness about gender issues however common assumption is that ‘girls are talkative’ and boys are ‘less emotional’. In the context of transitions in culture and society, this study explored verbal and nonverbal communication differences among male and female university students. Using purposive sampling method, male and female students were observed in three types of groups sitting at different social spots in University of Karachi. In total 30 male and 30 female students were observed for verbal and nonverbal communication. The units of observations were Paralanguage (words, pitch, volume, speaking rate) for verbal communication and gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, distance and space when sitting and standing. Results showed that overall both boys and girls were talkative and used slang language within same sex groups. However, the topic of discussion was personal for girls and politics for boys. Females kept a space and distance while sitting and standing as compared to boys. Within groups, male and female student’s body language showed superiority. The study has limitations therefore generalization of results for other gender-typed situations are not promising. Future studies could examine in other situations where status and power difference exist within relationships.
The Nexus Between Economic Globalization And Female Labor Force Participation
Authors: Begam Azeema , Mujahid Nooreen
Published: June 2020

Female labor participation is now being considered as one of the main elements of development among policy makers, feminist, sociologists and economists. Female labor supply is an essential factor not only for economic development but also for socio-economic development of a nation. This paper empirically examines the nexus between economic globalization and female labor force participation (FLFP) for Pakistan from 1973 to 2014. Furthermore, this study also explores the role of economic stability through female’s unemployment rate, inflation rate and per capita income, and increase in productivity through human capital investment on female labor force. This study also finds out the impact of gender disparity on female labour force participation in Pakistan. For estimation of result, Autoregressive Distributive  Lag Model ARDL approach to co-integration has been applied which identifies co- integrating vector(s). After identification of co-integrating vector(s) ARDL model is  re-parameterized into ECM. The empirical finding proves a positive and significant relationship between economic globalization and FLFP in long run as well as in short run for Pakistan. Beyond labor laws, policy maker should focus on whether female will get new job opportunities and benefits of new markets especially for females when a country opens it economy. For this purpose, it is necessary to improve access to education for females and developing their skills by providing training program, promote children care centers, legal measures to reduce the burden of domestic chores, and encourage private sector development in different sectors especially in industries that may help to increase employment opportunities for females in Pakistan.
Horrors Of Baby Making (Consequences Of Reproductive Technology On Humanity)
Authors: Manzoor Asma , Ali Saba Imran
Published: June 2020

The recent advances in the field of medical sciences have allowed the scientists to control the processes of life and death. These processes not only can prolong the human life by machines but doctors and scientists can also initiate the process of human life: artificial insemination, cloning, in vitro fertilization (IVF), cyropreservation of sperm, oocytes, embryos, embryo transfer (ET), hormone treatment, surrogacy, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) are well known examples. By far the most common of these is IVF. As a result of these scientific innovation couples have become statistics and children have become scientific experiments. Technological advancement in biology not only raises the question of good or bad technology or good or bad effects of technology but it lead us to the question whether all works of science and technology are beneficial or otherwise for the humankind. Since the birth of Louis Brown in 1978 – the period related to the first ‘test tube baby’ in the UK, many ethical issues regarding reproductive technologies (RT) and their potential impacts on humanity at large have been raised. In the light of extraordinary medical and ethical consequences that the RT has placed on humanity in the developed world, a discussion has been made in the paper to identify and describe the reproductive technology: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). This paper also explores the difficulties that Muslim countries like Pakistan could face when actual progression of reproductive technologies gets under way.
Portrayal of women issues in daily Jang (2004 - 2009)
Authors: Taj Rafia
Published: June 2020

Importance of media can not be neglected in this era. Different researches on different aspects of media are conducted around the globe. Media can change the thinking of people and can change the situation in the society. Daily routine of a person is under the influance of media. Along positive effects of media negative impact of media are also clear specially in reporting of issues related to women. Firstly their problem are marginalized and if reported they are sensationalized portraing picture of women. In this article news and reports related to women issues reported in Daily Jang July 2004 and 2009 are analyzed.
Women In Pakistan: Victim Of Gender-based Discrimination
Authors: Saeed Samina , Saeed Rubina , Khan Muhammad Kamran
Published: June 2020

This paper intends to discuss the gender-based discrimination faced by the women in Pakistan. It has substantially reduced their status in the society. Despite the fact that equal rights and safeguards have been assured by the Constitution, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and CEDAW, they remain insecure and marginalized. This paper also suggests measures and recommendations in order to overcome the hindrances faced by the women in achieving proper status and recognition in our society.
Hazrat Fatima Al-Zahra: As a mother, daughter, and wife
Authors: Afsar Alweena
Published: June 2020

It is the law of Allah that Muslim Ummah would be the best Ummah of the world, who order goodness and halt evils, who will spread the message of Allah to each corner of the world who will strive to make Islam dominant religion of the world. Such a nation should be example of unity and discipline. This Ummah should be exemplary in its action and views for all nations. Islam is a live religion and perfect system of life. It gives such a balance philosophy of life which fills human heart with spiritual strength and joys. Islam doesn't teach seclusion, it teaches to take advantage of bounties of Allah with all its beauty and sophistication. Men and women compliment each other, they are life partners, and companion at equal level. However Islam draws a line between their field of work and responsibilities. The basic field of man is outside and women's field is inside the home. The purpose of this division is not in any sense of discrimination; the purpose of this division is to save gender characteristics of both. As far as levels in religion are concerned men and women, both are kept on two levels: one is ordinary and the other is special level. Ordinary level is the level which is due for every women, she should pay the rights of Allah and his people as ordered by Allah. She should fight against evil thinking and satanic instincts in her personal capacity. She should prefer eternal life over this worldly attraction. Second duty of women is training and guidance of her children, every woman at last become a mother and mother has very deep relation with her children and this relation can be destructive and constructive, being a Muslim it is the duty of women to make this relation constructive and use it for the reformation of society. Third, this is a compulsion for woman she should not create problem for her husband and family. Usually women create unnecessary trouble for husband and family which destroy peace at home and home feels like a desert. If women just maintain peace at home this is a big job. If women have more talent and qualities then she can go ahead to exploit her talent which is called special level and one example of special level is daughter of our beloved Prophet Mohammad S.A.W "KHATOON E JANNAT" Hadhrat Fatima R.A.
Status of women in Pre and Post Islamic period: An analysis
Authors: Jahan Mussarat
Published: June 2020

"He created you (all) from a single person": (Al Qur'an,39:6) Since the creation of the universe socities have been divided on the basis of gender. Across all the religions these gender difference are prevalent. If we comopare the status of women in different religions, Islam is the only religion which designate a status to women that she deserve.
An Analytical Study Of Gender Differentials In Socio-Economic Development In Pakistan
Authors: Shah Parveen , Kakepoto Hamadullah
Published: June 2020

Gender differentials in socio-economic development are found all over the world. Socio-economic pursuits and opportunities are segregated as per se the division on the basis of gender specification rather than any specialization. Economic opportunities and pursuits are unofficially pronounced and implemented practically in various fields. The pronouncement is more practiced and is implemented in letter and spirit in the developing world. The obvious reason is that the technological inventions and thereafter diffusion is yet to reach at its full swing in that part of the world. There is also some sort of the realization that in the Muslim world including Pakistan, women are assigned less economic productive roles and activities. They include producing and rearing up the children, doing household chores, sewing clothes in the home, feeding the buffaloes and cows in villages, and above all putting their efforts and energies in such tasks which are considered economically unproductive. As a result the social standing of women in the society is secondary than their men folk. That alarms and affects their overall social status because bread earner is considered superior than the dependent. The women are considered dependent. This article attempts and enlists the allied factors and the variables which are considered important on the overall socio-economic pursuits and social status of the Pakistani women. An attempt also has been made to discuss the basic manifestations of discrimination in socio-economic development and its salient implications for prevalent socio-economic system of the country.
Self-Employed Women In A Mega-City Setting: Women At The Cross-Roads Of Patriarchy, Poverty, And Progress In Karachi.
Authors: Shah Nasreen Aslam , Zia Muhammad Faisal
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a critical study of self-employed women conducted in selected towns of Karachi. The nine hundred women who participated in this study were found living and working in the squatter settlements where basic amenities of life are almost not existent; with no outside assistance, in the form of loans, skill development and legal protection, these women are left to fend for them. Karachi in many ways mirrors the real image of Pakistan- a country whose development progress is marred by flawed institutions, diminishing democratic principles, under utilization of human and natural resources and is now caught in a fierce struggle for its survival. This paper seeks to answer some pertinent questions: what is progress? How it is achieved? Is patriarchy and poverty elimination one of its goals and strategies? If yes, would the country ever make a breakaway from the clutches of patriarchy-poverty giant? How do they perceive themselves – as oppressed under the weight of multiple roles? Or do they feel emancipated and liberated because of their role as providers for their family needs? Or are they doubly exploited by the patriarchal system? In short, what is the nature of the work they do to earn money? This study drawing upon field research conducted in nine towns, selected out of the total of eighteen towns of Karachi, seeks answers to these questions by exploring self-employed women workers’ experiences and perceptions about their status and roles. To find answers to these questions, the researchers applied a combination of methods. Nine hundred women were randomly selected to answer a questionnaire. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. The findings of the research confirmed that the level of poverty has visibly increased, women are more aware of patriarchy and how it manifests itself in their lives, and finally they are convinced that progress and development remain far away from them.
Magnitudes And Dynamics Of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Perveen Kausar , Shahzad Sobia , Baber Samira
Published: June 2020

Intimate partner violence is the maltreatment and exploitation of one person by another person in the context of close relationship. It may include the behavior such as intimidation; harassment, and persecution, verbal aggression, denial of access to resources, sexual coercion assault, or physical assault or torture. Researchers have explore that intimate partner violence (IPV) can be described as violence committed by a spouse, ex- spouse, current or former girlfriend or boyfriend. The violence can be physical, sexual, psychological/emotional and financial in nature. The present study evens a small attempt to explore and study the association amid different individual, familial and societal level risk marker with intimate partner violence. This is an exploratory study in qualitative manners to analyze this millennium old phenomenon. The paper focuses first on the problems in defining what is meant by intimate partner violence. Secondly, it describes the difficulties in assessing the magnitude and risk factors of the problem. Finally, the paper examines the limitation and bias in legislation to end the problem.
Divorce And Its Impact On Families
Authors: Soomro Shamim , Qureshi Misbah B.
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the issue of divorce within the context of Pakistani society. It introduces the reader to the definition and concept of divorce and shares some of the national and global statistics regarding the topic of divorce. Then it progresses to highlight the various reasons that lead to the annulment of marriage. These reasons may be economic, social, cultural, personal and/or a combination of all these. The paper then discusses the impact of divorce on the spouses, the children and all those who may be affected by the situation. The paper also discusses some ways to resolve marital conflicts so that they may be solved without resorting to the option of divorce. In the end, it highlights some ways to lessen the adverse impact of divorce on the parties concerned.
Where Are The Women? A Contemporary Feminist IR Critique Of Security In World Politics
Authors: Siddiqui Saima
Published: June 2020

The international relations (IR) discourse has been a subject of feminist critique for over two decades. One of the key concerns for this assessment is marginalisation women and gender perspectives in security studies. Many feminists have argued that world politics remain a masculine domain where fewer women are visible at the decision making positions. The association of masculinity and security has allowed feminist scholars to identify possible impediments for this inadequacy. This article explores the “gendered” nature of international relations from a contemporary feminist perspective by means of critiquing the realist theory in international relations. For this purpose, the article is going to examine hegemonic masculinity and how it links with theoretical ideology and practice of realism to socially construct the dominant masculine and weak feminine gender hierarchies in world politics.
Perception Of Female Students About Their Body Image
Authors: Nasreen Shagufta , Ali Aliyah , Hashmi Syed Faisal
Published: June 2020

The present study was conducted to know the experience of girls to their body image and outlook. The objective was to explore the perception of girls about their body image, level of satisfaction with it, methods that are used to achieve certain body images and the psychological affects and pressure put forth due to prescribed body images. A sample of 60 female students was taken from different departments of University of Karachi. A combination of closed and open ended questionnaire was filled by these female students. Results showed that most of them were experiencing trouble with their body image. They were concerned mostly about their body image and some of them were using different methods of weight loss. Majority agreed that media plays an important role in projecting and promoting to have lower weight and focusing body size. Due to this they feel a pressure that if they could not meet those standards they will be rejected. The study concludes that girls are conscious towards their body image because of their experiences. Therefore they give importance to slim and smart body size and they assume that body image is more important for both boys and girls.
The Self Employed Women, Women Entrepreneurs And Work
Authors: Shah Nasreen Aslam , Nadeemullah Muhammad , Zia Muhammad Faisal , Soomro Shamim
Published: June 2020

This study highlights foundation that women encompass – inside their houses as unpaid family work, as wage-earners to be found at the lowest position of income generating work and as care-givers. Here few questions could come to one’s mind that what is the extent of women’s responsiveness regarding work, of everyday jobs, of class and role? How do they differentiate themselves being dominated under weight of various roles? Or are they doubly demoralized by the patriarchal system? How this amalgamation of professions is made possible? The study illustrates field research seeking answers to these questions. The interviewing schedule created for this research included questions that aimed at obtaining personal data about the respondents, such as age, educational attainment, marital status, number of children, typology of work, etc. The data drawn from sample shows ability of self employed working women to balance their income generating work with their communal roles of food preparation, cleaning, caring, parenting and other domestic chores. Therefore, the vision that this research explores, deny the imagined characteristics of women as a male responsibility. These self employed women indeed are heads of their households. This timely study invites all concerned authorities, policy makers and governmental institutions to recognize this reality and consequently plan for the upcoming decades.
A Study About Attitude Of Parents Towards Participation Of Females In Sports
Authors: Naz Shaista , Fazil Hina , Sulman Nasir
Published: June 2020

The history of sports is generally one of the masculine domination. That’s why women in sports have been a topic completely ignored by most scholars in Pakistan. The paramount purpose of this study was to find out the attitude of parents which are having influence on the female participation in sports so that a realistic standard programme for their increased participation in sports is assured. The findings of the study suggested that the parental attitude was having a significant influence in moving female participation in sports.
Классификация по уровням реалистичности оборудования для обучения эндохирургии
Authors: Горшков М. Д. , Федоров А.В.
Published: June 2020

Предлагается выделить 7 уровней реалистичности симуляционного тренинга: визуализация, гаптика (тактильная чувствительность), моторика и эргономика, видеоизображение, аппаратура, реактивность, коммуникативность. «Правило утроения»: переход на следующий уровень реалистичности увеличивает стоимость оборудования учебного места втрое.
Tipology of Simulation Centers - Diveded into Three Levels
Authors: Gorshkov Maxim
Published: June 2020

The paper analyzes types of simulation-assessment centers existing in Russia, offers their division into three levels according to the aggregate principal and secondary characteristics. Centers of the III-rd, the highest level are eligible to conduct simulation training not only of students, but teachers of other centers, aprove methods and techniques, conduct scientific research and testing of medical equipment.
Objective Assesment of Basic Laparoscopy Skills
Authors: Gorshkov Maxim , Fedorov Andrey
Published: June 2020

Andrey Fedorov, Russian Society of Surgeons. Professor of the Chair of General Surgery of Evdokimov MGMSU, Moscow. For the improvement of the surgical care qaulity objective assesment of basic laparoscopy skills is needed. The FLS course is offered to be basic oattern for it.
Principles of Simulation Training Course for Basics of Laparoscopy Surgery
Authors: Gorshkov Maxim , Logvinov Yury
Published: June 2020

The main principles of design of the simulation course for laparoscopy surgery and credential criterias are determined. Several types of simulation equipment and their combinational usage during the tratining are described. Example of course schedule is given.
VIRTUAL REALITY SIMULATORS: REVIEW, CONSTRUCTION, CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Gorshkov M. D.
Published: June 2020

Virtual reality simulators (VRS) are widely used in medical training. The present article gives an overview of the types of VR elements: passive, active, interactive, and superactive; of the technologies, components of immersion. The classification of SVR based on the level of interaction of the trainee with the virtual environment and the degree of involvement has been developed and presented: level 0 Passive; 1. Active; 2. Interactive; 3. Immersive; 4. Global.
EYE TRACKING (OCULOGRAPHY) - INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE AND MEDICAL SIMULATION TRAINING
Authors: Gorshkov M.
Published: June 2020

Eye tracking (oculography) is a technique of eye movements recording that helps to research behavioral responses, ergonomics and usability of the products, software and working environment, control the activity of the operator, guide the learning process and to assess skills and competencies. The article discusses application prospectives of eye tracking in medical simulation training.
ROSOMED ACCREDITATION, ATTESTATION AND CERTIFICATION. STATISTICAL PORTRAITS OF SIMULATION CENTERS
Authors: Zaslavskaya E. A. , Gorshkov M. D.
Published: June 2020

Moscow Society ROSOMED introdused in 2015 accreditation of simulation centres for doctors training, and in 2017 -simulation centers for nurses training. In 2017, the training and certification program «Specialist of Medical Simulation Education» was launched. By now 18 University simulation centers have been accredited and 3 Centers of medical colleges have been attested. The article presents the description of the statistic protrait of the simulation centers of III and II levels.
Improving the Effectiveness of Care for Patients with Viral Pneumonia (COVID-19) through Training of the Medical Specialists - Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists on the Testchest Simulator
Authors: Logvinov Yu. I. , Karpova E. V. , Gorshkov M. D.
Published: June 2020

MSC Botkin hospital for the first time in Russia has developed a training Program for anesthesiologists-resuscitators on the topic «Features of ventilators in patients with viral pneumonia»to improve preparednessfor CoViD-19 disease. The key point of the program is simulation training on high-tech medical and simulation equipment.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Direct Acting Tensioner of an Offshore Floating Platform
Authors: Zong-Yu Chang  , Xin Duan  , Zhong-Qiang Zheng  , Lin Zhao  , Yu-Hu Yang  , Xian-Yi Zhou  , Peng Zhu  , Jing-Wen He
Published: June 2020

The offshore floating platform is the key equipment in offshore and gas development. The significant heave motions occur with the excitation of wind and waves, which will affect the safety of a riser system. A direct acting tensioner can be applied to reduce the effects on the riser system and be widely used on different kinds of offshore platforms. Based on the analysis of the structure and working principle of a direct acting tensioner (DAT), the nonlinear dynamic performance of DAT riser system was studied. Additionally, the dynamic model of the DAT riser system is established and the dynamic response was gained by the numerical integration method. The differences of dynamic responses were compared between a linear model and a nonlinear model. The response on different side of the equilibrium position is asymmetric because of the nonlinear stiffness of DAT. The results can be helpful for the design of DAT.
Relações entre configurações formais do texto e contexto histórico em contos de Caio Fernando Abreu
Authors: Nascimento Cyro Roberto Melo
Published: June 2020

A obra do escritor Caio Fernando Abreu tem sido interpretada como um retrato de sua geração, especialmente em sua relação com a ditadura militar e a abertura política brasileiras. No presente texto, analisamos como os recursos formais do narrador onisciente e da personagem autoconsciente são utilizados nos contos Dama da noite e Aqueles dois para construir uma relação entre literatura e sociedade. Por meio dessas escolhas formais específicas verificamos como a narrativa representa, não apenas enquanto tema, mas também em nível formal, um contexto histórico de transição, inicialmente marcado pela repressão social e, posteriormente, por uma perspectiva de abertura política.

(Imagem de São Paulo Review)
Valorização da diversidade no âmbito escolar
Authors: Veloso Jessyca Gracy Pereira
Published: June 2020

A partir dos anos de 1990, do Século XX, especialmente com a implantação dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, a escola e as práticas pedagógicas, no Brasil, passaram a valorizar a diversidade, quebrando com os paradigmas sobre o corpo, o sexo e o gênero difundidos no ideário da escola tradicional (LOURO, 1999). Analisar como o conhecimento das categorias “corpo, sexo e gênero” pode influenciar na formação acadêmica de um indivíduo é pertinente ao campo de investigação, tanto da Psicologia Escolar como da Psicologia Social, tendo como embasamento, o Construcionismo Social (CASTANON, 2004). Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada no período de março a abril de 2018, em que foram encontrados 08 artigos, permitindo a identificação de três categorias temáticas: a importância dos professores nesse processo de construção da diversidade; a educação voltada aos direitos humanos; e as raízes socioculturais sobre o corpo, sexo e gênero. Levando em conta os referenciais teóricos sobre as teorias de gênero, discute-se a construção de um conhecimento sobre a relação entre corpo, sexo e gênero, analisando suas implicações obtidas dentro do contexto escolar. Observou-se, por meio da literatura coletada que, por meio da desnaturação das categorias Corpo, Sexo e Gênero, especialmente no contexto identitário, pode favorecer uma sociedade mais igualitária, que respeite as diferenças.

(Imagem de Sasin Tipchai por Pixabay)