bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLITIK HUKUM DALAM PUTUSAN HAKIM
Authors: Bhakti Teguh Satya
Published: June 2017

A law (written law) was never full, clear and complete set of community life, so it is always lagging behind follows the development of society. To keep abreast of it, the law should always be developed in order to remain update and relevant to the times. Implementation and development of legislation going through the verdict (jurisprudence) in the judicial process. In other words, jurisprudence intended as legal development, to meet the legal needs of justice seeker. Implementation of the functions of law enforcement and justice as well as the function of legal discovery (rechtsvinding) embodied in a verdict (jurisprudence), should refer to Pancasila as the norm of fundamental state (staatsfundamentalnorm) or wisdom / genius of the national (national wisdom / national genius) and 1945 as the basic law of the state, so that the decision reflects the sense of justice of the nation and the people of Indonesia as well. It declares a political manifestation of the law in a verdict.Keywords : politics of Law, verdic
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA TERHADAP KORPORASI
Authors: P Santhos Wachjoe
Published: June 2017

The existence of corporation affects the state economy, the society where the corporation stands and the society where the business run. Not only the positive effect but also the negative effect. The corporation was build for some mission and the way it reaches the mission were different one another. It is possible that one or more corporation was build in some way that prohibited by law. For that reason, there is a corporation is involved in various criminal acts or as a means to commit the crimes. Therefore, special attention needs to arrange to snare corporations to take responsibility for an act involving a corporation or as a tool in a criminal offense.Keywords: criminal responsibility, corporation.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK
Authors: Pradityo Randy
Published: June 2017

Children as the nation's next generation is already deserve special attention. It aims in order to develop the child to realize the quality of human resources. Therefore, it is also necessary legal infrastructure to anticipate any problems that arise. The legal means to anticipate stigma or stamp evil inflicted when the child against the law, as well as restoring and re-socialize the child. One solution is to divert or placing the offender children out of the criminal justice system as well as providing an alternative to the settlement with justice approach in the best interests of the child, who was then known as restorative justice approach. Restorative justice which is the implementation of the concept of diversion has been formulated in the juvenile justice system, but a good system must be accompanied by an attitude which is imbued with the will to perceive and believe that this world is always getting better. In addition, should the principle of the best interest of the children always come first when dealing with children in conflict with the law.Keywords : restorative justice, diversion, criminal justice system, children
IMPLEMENTASI JURIMETRI DALAM PENENTUAN JUMLAH NAFKAH ANAK
Authors: Asnawi M Natsir
Published: June 2017

There are some perspectives in analyzing justice as an empirical and testable concept. Jurimetrics is one of those perspectives to perform justice as a value to be measured and tested. Jurimetrics concern on analyzing legal issue based on empirical database. Jurimetrics mainly applied in some cases, such as indemnity based on unlawful act and deciding child livelihood. Jurimetrics is highly compatible for those matter notably if Judges want to established a testable and comprehensive value. Jurimetrics is applied by retrieving, processing, and analyzing quantitative database either by simple or complex mathematical approach.Keywords : jurimetrics, child livelihood, justice
PENGUATAN KERANGKA HUKUM TERKAIT PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PASAR MODAL SYARIAH PADA PENGADILAN AGAMA
Authors: Irawan Mul
Published: June 2017

According to the sharia point of view, sharia capital market is muamalah product. Capital market transactions are allowed as long as it does conflict with the terms outlined by sharia. The rapid development of Indonesia sharia capital market results in the increasing number and variety of potential legal problems. It takes two legal efforts in strengthening the legal framework for sharia capital market. First, preventive measures to minimize the legal issues occurrence, such as the establishment of islamic law regulations in order to produce stability and good atmosphere of sharia capital market law enforcement. Second, efforts in sharia capital market mediation which is done through support the religious court as the only judicial institutions having the absolute authority in resolving sharia capital market civil cases. We need to increase the judges and religious courts officials competencies, make guidelines, jurisprudence and the references of sharia capital market dispute resolution in Indonesia.Keywords: legal framework, sharia capital market, civil dispute, religious court
UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PADA KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE UNTUK MENDUKUNG PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DIGITAL DI INDONESIA / LEGAL PROTECTION FOR E-COMMERCE TRANSACTION’S CONSUMERS TO SUPPORT THE DIGITAL ECONOMY GROWTH IN INDONESIA
Authors: Bernada Tetanoe
Published: June 2017

Adanya perubahan cara  transaksi  dalam  dunia  bisnis dari dunia nyata ke  dunia  virtual, telah  melahirkan berbagai macam permasalahan hukum baru bagi konsumen dalam e-commerce, dimana  konsumen  sering  tidak  memiliki  posisi  tawar  yang  kuat  dan menempatkan konsumen dalam posisi yang lemah. Pertumbuhan industri e-commerce di Indonesia semakin pesatmeskipun laju ekonomi tanah air tengah mengalami perlambatan. Nilai e-commerce di Indonesia pada tahun 2016 diperkirakan dapat mencapai 30 miliar dollar AS atau setara Rp 395 triliun. Angka tersebut diprediksi naik menjadi 130 miliar dollar AS atau setara Rp 1,714 triliun pada 2020 mendatang.Suatu negara harus  mengatur  perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen, didasarkan  pada pertimbangan aktualitas dan urgensinya, untuk  menciptakan tingkat kepastian  yang  diperlukan dalam  transaksi  bisnis  dan  melindungi hak-hak konsumen  transaksi e-commerce. Perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce  tidak  dapat  diberikan oleh satu aspekhukum saja, melainkan oleh suatu  sistem hukum yang mampu memberikan perlindungan yang simultan dan  komprehensif. The business transaction method has changed, from “real world” to virtual world.  This phenomenon provokes many legal problems for consumers where consumers often do not have a strong bargaining position and have a weak position. The e-commerce industry in Indonesia grows rapidly in the middle of economic slowdown pace. The value of e-commerce in Indonesia in 2016 is estimated to reach 30 billion US dollars or equivalent to Rp 395 trillion. The figure is predicted to rise to 130 billion US dollars or equivalent to Rp 1.714 trillion in 2020. The government should regulate the legal protection for consumer especially based on its actualization and urgency. The aim of this protection is to fulfill legal certainty which is needed both for business transaction and consumer rights protection. Furthermore, the legal protection of consumer rights in e-commerce should be given in whole aspects of law both simultaneous and comprehensive protection.
Depressive Disorder Among Child And Adolescent Patients Attending Psychiatry OPD at Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur
Authors: Adhikari Jyoti , Belbase Mohan , Jalan Rekha
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Depression is one of the common psychiatric problem among child and adolescents especially during the peri pubertal stage. It is found to be more common in females than males. Poor and unhealthy family atmosphere, family dispute, broken family, parents working abroad, physical abuse are few of the causes of childhood depression. Signs and symptoms of childhood depression may present with vague and atypical physical symptoms as compared to adults.Methods: This is a descriptive study done in patients attending psychiatry OPD of Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur for the period of six months from July to December 2015.Results: Out of 245 patients, 142(57.9%) patients were diagnosed as depressive disorder. Rest of the pediatric patients 103(42.1%) attending the psychiatry OPD were of seizure disorder, bipolar disorder, conversion disorder, mental retardation, adjustment disorder etc. There were 88(62%) females and 54(38%) male patients showing the majority of patients as females. The most common age group involved in the study population was 11-14 years 116(81.7%) followed by 6-10 years age group 23(16.2%) and up to 5 years 3(2.1%) respectively.Conclusion: Depression is quite common in pediatric population mostly during the peripubertal stage. It is seen most frequently in females.JNGMC Vol. 14 No. 1 July 2016, Page: 8-10
Shear Wave Velocity Profiles of Roadway Substructures from Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves and Waveform Tomography
Authors: Tran Khiem T. , Sperry Justin , McVay Michael , Wasman Scott J. , Horhota David
Published: June 2017

Assessment of roadway subsidence caused by embedded low-velocity anomalies is critical to the health and safety of the traveling public. Surface-based seismic techniques are often used to assess roadways because of data acquisition convenience and large depths of characterization. To mitigate the negative impact of closing a traffic lane under traditional seismic testing, a new test system that uses a land streamer is presented. The main advantages of the system are the elimination of the need to couple the geophones to the roadway, the use of only one source at the end of the geophone array, and the movement of the whole test system along the roadway quickly. For demonstration, experimental data were collected on asphalt pavement overlying a backfilled sinkhole that was experiencing further subsidence. For the study, a 24-channel land streamer and a propelled energy generator to generate seismic energy were used. The test system was pulled by a pickup truck along the roadway and the data were collected with 81 shots at every 3 m for a road segment of 277.5 m, with a total data acquisition time of about 1 h. The measured seismic data set was analyzed by the standard multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and advanced two-dimensional (2-D) waveform tomography methods. Eighty-one one-dimensional shear wave velocity (VS) profiles from the MASW were combined to obtain a single 2-D profile. The waveform tomography method was able to characterize subsurface structures at a high resolution (1.5- × 1.5-m cells) along the test length to a depth of 22.5 m. Very low S-wave velocity was obtained at the repaired sinkhole location. The 2-D VS profiles from the MASW and waveform tomography methods are consistent. Both methods were able to delineate high- and low-velocity soil layers and variable bedrock.
Strain Rate Effect on Shear Behavior of Open-Graded Aggregates
Authors: Gebrenegus Thomas , Nicks Jennifer E. , Adams Michael T.
Published: June 2017

Despite their wide application as construction materials in various earthworks built by state and local transportation agencies, the role of physical and mechanical factors in the strength and deformation behavior of crushed, manufactured open-graded aggregates (OGAs) is not well studied. In this investigation, the strain rate dependency of strength–deformation behaviors of two commonly employed crushed aggregates with small (12.7 mm) and large (38.1 mm) sizes is investigated. A 150-mm diameter triaxial testing device was used to conduct a drained compression test at five strain rates, ranging from 0.000083%/s to 0.0083%/s. To evaluate the significance of confining stress and density on the effect of strain rates, the shear tests were conducted at 34 kPa and 207 kPa effective confining stress levels, with the samples compacted at loose (30%) and dense (95%) relative densities. The peak friction angle, maximum dilation angle, secant modulus, and axial strain at which the aggregates started to dilate were determined to evaluate the strain rate effect on the shear behavior of OGAs. The results demonstrate that within the imposed quasistatic strain rate ranges, only the dilation angle showed an increasing trend with the increase in strain rate, whereas other extracted strength parameters were less sensitive to strain rate for both OGAs tested. Hence, the selection of strain rates according to ASTM specifications is appropriate for conducting strength parameter tests, used by practitioners for the design of geotechnical structures, on OGAs under quasistatic conditions.
Renewable energy from the waste soles through thermal pyrolysis-A novel approach
Authors: Hashem MA , Paul AC , Hosen S , Hasan A
Published: June 2017

Footwear is a booming sector in Bangladesh. Disposing of process residues from the footwear industries, especially production waste of thermoplastic rubber and polyvinyl chloride soles as well as human used soles is a big concern due to its non-biodegradability. In this work, waste thermoplastic rubber (TPR) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) soles were used as an energy source through the fixed-bed-fire-tube heating pyrolysis to reduce the pollution load. The experiments were performed at varying temperature within the range of 250°C to 450°C at every 100°C interval for each case. In pyrolysis oil, char and gas were produced from the both TPR and PVC soles; temperature increment was created more percentage of oil from the both soles. At same condition TPR sole was produced 12.3% more oil than PVC sole. The pyrolytic oils were made fractional distillation; obtained liquids were relatively greater in volume and low boiling range. The obtained liquids from the fractional distillation were exhibited more light fractions present in the pyrolytic polyvinyl chloride oil (PPVCO) than pyrolytic thermoplastic rubber oil (PTPRO). The process could be optimized for the large scale, which will offer advantages to reduce the environmental impact as well as the production of new product from the waste soles.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(2), 141-146, 2017
Management techniques for suppressing hogplum beetle by using some chemicals and cultural approach
Authors: Khan MMH
Published: June 2017

Experiment on hogplum beetle, Podontia 14-punctata, was carried out to find out the suitable technique(s) for suppressing both larvae and adults of hogplum beetle. Results revealed in field trial that the highest mortality (98.56%) was found in all larval instars and adult stages of hogplum beetle after 24 hours by the effect of spading + Superior 505 EC (Chlorpyriphos + Cypermethrin) @ 10 ml/10 liter of water (T2) and lowest mortality was recorded in T3 (83.85%) treated leaves. The highest infestation reduction over control was obtained from T6 (62.75%) treated plant compared to other treated plants. In laboratory trial, the highest mortality (96.62%) was found in all larval instars and adult stages of hogplum beetle after 24 hours by the treatment of superior 505EC (T2) followed by T4 (88.00%) and lowest mortality was in T3 (69.70%) treated leaves. No mortality was observed in control treatment (T5).Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(2): 237-244, 2016
Screening of ?-amylase producing bacteria from tannery wastes of Hazaribag, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Rayhan , Mondol Omit Kumer , Rahman Md Saimoon , Billah Md Morsaline , Rahman Mohammad Shahedur , Zohora Umme Salma
Published: June 2017

Alpha amylases (?-amylases) are one of the most imperative enzymes for producing simple sugar units from complex sugar molecules. Attempts were made to isolate amylolytic bacterial strains from soil samples of tannery wastes collected from Hazaribagh, Dhaka and subsequent partial characterization was performed. Bacterial isolates were primarily screened for ?- amylase activity on starch agar medium. Based on microscopic and biochemical properties of isolates, ?-amylase activity of bacterial isolates were determined to find out two best producers of the enzyme. Subsequent molecular identification of these two ?-amylase producing bacterial isolates using 16s rRNA sequence analysis showed that isolates were Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis respectively. In submerged fermentation the B. amyloliquefaciens showed the highest activity (2.13 U/ml) while B. subtilis showed the second highest activity (1.89 U/ml). Characterization of the enzyme produced by B. amyloliquefaciens revealed that the maximum activity demonstrated at incubation time 25 min, pH 7.0 and temperature 500C. This newly isolated B. amyloliquefaciens could be exploited for the industrial production of ?-amylase with commercial implications.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(2): 1-10, 2016 (December)
Determination of trace elements (As, Ca, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) and identification of Clostridium perfringens in honeys originated from different region of Bangladesh
Authors: Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Hossen Delwar , Hossain Sabir , Juliana Farha Matin
Published: June 2017

Trace elements and heavy metal residues in honey samples originating from different regions of Bangladesh were determined. High mineral contents were observed with Ca, and Fe being the most abundant. The concentrations of the trace elements were within the recommended limits, indicating that the honeys were of good quality. Pb was present in trace amount which is not harmful for consumption where Arsenic was absent. Clostridium perfringens spores were not found in the analyzed honey samples.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(2): 11-14, 2016 (December)
Taxonomic checklist of the pteridophytes of Rajkandi Reserve Forest, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Haque AKM Kamrul , Khan Saleh Ahammad , Uddin Sarder Nasir , Rahim Mohammod Abdur
Published: June 2017

Pteridophytes growing in the Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar district were indentified and a total of 52 species belonging to 30 genera of 20 families have been documented. The family Pteridaceae with nine species was found to be the largest, which was followed by Polypodiaceae with seven, Tectariaceae with six and Thelypteridaceae with five species. The genus Pteris with six species was found as the largest, which was followed by Tectaria with five and Bolbitis, Lygodium and Selaginella, each with 3 species, and the rest of the genera consisted of two or one species. Most of the species were recorded from the woodlands and three species, viz., Tectaria chattagramica and Cyathea gigantea enlisted in Red Data Book of Bangladesh (Khan et al., 2001), were found as common in this reserve forest.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(2): 27-40, 2016 (December)
Incidence of Complications of Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Haque GHM Shahidul , Farid Nahash , Islam Sayed Sanaul
Published: June 2017

During the period of July 2009 to June 2012 the study was conducted on 200 cases of thyroid swelling in the Department of ENT and Head- Neck surgery, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur. The age range of the study population was from 10 years to 75 years. Female to male ratio was 3.14:1. Diagnosis of all cases was established preoperatively by clinical examination, thyroid function tests, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and ultrasonogram (USG). Most of the patients were suffering from multinodular goiter. Maximum operations were done in the form of subtotal thyroidectomy followed by hemithyroidectomy. 16.5% patients were developed complications. Postoperative haemorrhage and recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (5% each) were the most common complications. Among recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (4%) were unilateral and 1% was bilateral paralysis. In the study 1.5% deaths were reported due to massive haemorrhage and respiratory obstruction. Considering the above findings, it is mentionable that complications of thyroid surgery can be minimized by sound knowledge of normal and pathologic anatomy and an unhurried, gentle operation technique.Medicine Today 2016 Vol.28(2): 62-65
Fetal Renal Obstruction is Early Detected during Pregnancy by Ultrasonography at Urban Hospital (Naraynganj)
Authors: Ahmed Parveen , Ishaque Abu , Isaque Tanveen , Yeasmin Murshida , Islam AKM Mazharul
Published: June 2017

Over the last 3years (September 2012 to September 2015) for the period of 36 months after searching of all gravid uterus ultrasonography report only 40 patients having hydronephrosis detected during antenatal checkup both Naraynganj General Hospital Radiology and Imaging department and Private Clinic, primary finding is oligo hydraminos between 10 weeks to 16 weeks of gestation. All the patients of our study population were subjected to imaging by ultrasonography. This was a prospective study. Out of 40 fetus hydronephrosis were graded according to sonographic grading system. There were two fetus of grade 0, eight fetus of grade-1, eleven fetus grade-2, are nineteen fetus of grade 3 hydronephrosis on advance pregnancyMedicine Today 2016 Vol.28(2): 72-74
Short-Term Postoperative Outcome of Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision in Rectal Carcinoma
Authors: Roy Sharmistha , Mondal Samiron Kumar
Published: June 2017

Despite the proven benefits, laparoscopic colorectal surgery is still under utilized among surgeons. Aim of this study is to determine the feasibility and morbidity after laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision(TME), implementing a standardized operative technique and recovery protocol. The first 30 patients treated laparoscopically were included. Standardized oncological clearance ensured by early central vascular ligation, medial to lateral approach, and complete mesorectalexcision. Recovery parameters, short-term outcomes, morbidity and mortality have been assessed.Total number of patient was 30. In 26 patients anterior resection was done, in 4 patients Abdominoperineal resection was done.Overall mean operating time was 224( 242-137) minutes. In anterior resection Mean operating time was 187( 236-137) minutes, whereas in lap APR operating time was 210(242-178) minutes. In total 4 patients(13%) were converted to open procedure. Average bleeding in anterior resection group was 120 ml( 50-200ml), in Lap APR 210 ml(115-350ml). Mean number of lymphnodes removed in AR 16. In APR1, Mean time to flatus was 1.5 days. Mean time to stool 4.2 days, mean length of hospital stay in AR 8.6 days, in APR 11.5 days. Overall morbidity 23%(7), major morbidity 10%(3). There is no mortality, no anastomotic leak, and no 30 days readmission.laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision is safe and leads to excellent results in terms of recovery and short term outcomes. Key factors for better outcomes is adoption of a standardized technique and training model.Medicine Today 2016 Vol.28(2): 75-78
Osteitis CondensansIlii - A Rare Presentation
Authors: Sobhan Fauzia , Khan MSZ , Doza AKMAU , Khandakar Ameena , Hassan MK
Published: June 2017

We presented a case of 45 years old unmarried woman who complaints of chronic low back pain and diagnosed as a case of Osteitis CondensansIlii (OCI). We are discussing this rare presentation of OCI to increase awareness among the specialty and primary care physicians, as it may be confused with other conditions like- Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory arthritis. It also prevents misdiagnosis and extensive investigations that not only increase anxiety but are of little benefit.Medicine Today 2016 Vol.28(2): 89-91
A Mirror up to Nature: Is Philosophy Really a Form of Poetry?
Authors: McGhee Michael
Published: June 2017

Abstract not availablePhilosophy and Progress, Vol#57-58; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2015
Concept of Willing in Wittgensteins Philosophical Investigations
Authors: Muhit Md Abdul
Published: June 2017

Abstract not availablePhilosophy and Progress, Vol#57-58; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2015
Some Aspects of Philosophical Thought in Ancient Chinese Religion: An Analytical Evaluation
Authors: Alam Mohammad Jahangir
Published: June 2017

This paper evaluates an ancient system of cosmology as a part of phenomenology of religion that is intrinsic to ancient Chinese philosophic attitude toward life. The ideas of the dynamic balance of opposites i.e. yin and yang duality, the supernatural force (the Tao) relating to the gradual development of events through a process of formulation, and thereby, acceptance of the inevitability of change are taken under consideration. In Chinese tradition, all forms of change are regarded as expressions of the interaction of two auxiliary forces (controlled by the Tao), the yin and the yang, between which equilibrium and harmony are assumed, as well as conflict and opposition. The yin-yang principles are regarded as the two major elements of Chinese cosmology: yin, being the femaleprinciple, and yang the male principle. The combination and interplay of these two opposites is believed by the Chinese to cause all universal phenomena i.e. the principal cause of creation. It is also demonstrated how this ancient Chinese supposition of yin and yang is used in different ways to serve different purposes. It is sometimes regarded as a system of divination that combines interacting forces designed to work as fortune telling devices. However, it is clarified how these facts  the supreme reality (Shang-ti), supreme force (the Tao) and the auxiliary forces (yin-yang)  work together in order to maintain the apparent harmony and order in nature as a whole. It is also generalized how these facts happened to be of great interest for the ancient Chinese thinkers.Philosophy and Progress, Vol#57-58; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2015
Spatio-temporal shaping of photocathode laser pulses for linear electron accelerators
Authors: Mironov S Yu , Andrianov A V , Gacheva E I , Zelenogorskii V V , Potemkin A K , Khazanov E A , Boonpornprasert P , Gross M , Good J , Isaev I , Kalantaryan D , Kozak T , Krasilnikov M , Qian H , Li X , Lishilin O , Melkumyan D , Oppelt A , Renier Y , Rublack T , Felber M , Huck H , Chen Y , Stephan F
Published: June 2017

Methods for the spatio-temporal shaping of photocathode laser pulses for generating high brightness electron beams in modern linear accelerators are discussed. The possibility of forming triangular laser pulses and quasi-ellipsoidal structures is analyzed. The proposed setup for generating shaped laser pulses was realised at the Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Currently, a prototype of the pulse-shaping laser system is installed at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY, Zeuthen site (PITZ). Preliminary experiments on electron beam generation using ultraviolet laser pulses from this system were carried out at PITZ, in which electron bunches with a 0.5-nC charge and a transverse normalized emittance of 1.1 mm mrad were obtained. A new scheme for the three-dimensional shaping of laser beams using a volume Bragg profiled grating is proposed at IAP RAS and is currently being tested for further electron beam generation experiments at the PITZ photoinjector.
Electron gun with a transmission photocathode for the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research photoinjector
Authors: Balalykin N I , Minashkin V F , Nozdrin M A , Shirkov G D , Zelenogorskii V V , Gacheva E I , Potemkin A K , Huran J
Published: June 2017

Photocathode electron guns are key to the generation of high-quality electron bunches, which are currently the primary source of electrons for linear electron accelerators. The photogun test bench built at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) is currently being used to further develop the hollow (backside irradiated) photocathode concept. A major achievement was the replacement of the hollow photocathode by a technologically more feasible transmission photocathode made from a metal mesh that serves as a substrate for films of various photomaterials. A number of thin-film cathodes on quartz glass substrates are fabricated by photolithography. The vectorial photoeffect (related to the surface-normal component of the wave electric field) is observed and found to significantly affect the quantum efficiency. The dependence of the quantum efficiency of diamond-like carbon photocathodes on the manufacturing technology is investigated. The Rutherford backscattering and elastic recoil detection techniques are combined to carry out an elemental analysis of the films. An estimate of the emittance of a 400 pC electron beam is obtained using the cross-section method.
CD34 Antigen and the MPL Receptor Expression Defines a Novel Class of Human Cord Blood-Derived Primitive Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Matsuoka Yoshikazu , Takahashi Masaya , Sumide Keisuke , Kawamura Hiroshi , Nakatsuka Ryusuke , Fujioka Tatsuya , Sonoda Yoshiaki
Published: June 2017

In the murine hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment, thrombopoietin (THPO)/MPL (THPO receptor) signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of adult quiescent HSCs. However, the role of THPO/MPL signaling in the human primitive HSC compartment has not yet been elucidated. We have identified very primitive human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34–severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) using the intra-bone marrow injection method. In this study, we investigated the roles of the MPL expression in the human primitive HSC compartment. The SRC activities of the highly purified CB-derived 18Lin–CD34+/–MPL+/–cells were analyzed using NOG mice. In the primary recipient mice, nearly all mice that received CD34+/–MPL+/–cells were repopulated with human CD45+cells. Nearly all of these mice that received CD34+MPL+/–and CD34–MPL–cells showed a secondary repopulation. Interestingly, the secondary recipient mice that received CD34+/–MPL–cells showed a distinct tertiary repopulation. These results clearly indicate that the CD34+/–SRCs not expressing MPL sustain a long-term (LT) (>1 year) human cell repopulation in NOG mice. Moreover, CD34–SRCs generate CD34+CD38–CD90+SRCs in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide a new concept that CD34–MPL–SRCs reside at the apex of the human HSC hierarchy.
Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites
Authors: Klekotka Urszula , Rogowska Magdalena , Satuła Dariusz , Kalska-Szostko Beata
Published: June 2017

Ferrite nanoparticles with nominal composition Me0.5Fe2.5O4(Me = Co, Fe, Ni or Mn) have been successfully prepared by the wet chemical method. The obtained particles have a mean diameter of 11–16 ± 2 nm and were modified to improve their magnetic properties and chemical activity. The surface of the pristine nanoparticles was functionalized afterwards with –COOH and –NH2groups to obtain a bioactive layer. To achieve our goal, two different modification approaches were realized. In the first one, glutaraldehyde was attached to the nanoparticles as a linker. In the second one, direct bonding of such nanoparticles with a bioparticle was studied. In subsequent steps, the nanoparticles were immobilized with enzymes such as albumin, glucose oxidase, lipase and trypsin as a test bioparticles. The characterization of the nanoparticles was acheived by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The effect of the obtained biocomposites was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results show that in some cases the use of glutaraldehyde was crucial (albumin).
Astronomical Verification of a Stabilized Frequency Reference Transfer System for the Square Kilometer Array
Authors: Gozzard David R. , Schediwy Sascha W. , Dodson Richard , Rioja María J. , Hill Mike , Lennon Brett , McFee Jock , Mirtschin Peter , Stevens Jamie , Grainge Keith
Published: June 2017

In order to meet its cutting-edge scientific objectives, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) telescope requires high-precision frequency references to be distributed to each of its antennas. The frequency references are distributed via fiber-optic links and must be actively stabilized to compensate for phase noise imposed on the signals by environmental perturbations on the links. SKA engineering requirements demand that any proposed frequency reference distribution system be proved in “astronomical verification” tests. We present results of the astronomical verification of a stabilized frequency reference transfer system proposed for SKA-mid. The dual-receiver architecture of the Australia Telescope Compact Array was exploited to subtract the phase noise of the sky signal from the data, allowing the phase noise of observations performed using a standard frequency reference, as well as the stabilized frequency reference transfer system transmitting over 77 km of fiber-optic cable, to be directly compared. Results are presented for the fractional frequency stability and phase drift of the stabilized frequency reference transfer system for celestial calibrator observations at 5 and 25 GHz. These observations plus additional laboratory results for the transferred signal stability over a 166 km metropolitan fiber-optic link are used to show that the stabilized transfer system under test exceeds all SKA phase-stability requirements within a broad range of observing conditions. Furthermore, we have shown that alternative reference dissemination systems that use multiple synthesizers to supply reference signals to sub-sections of an array may limit the imaging capability of the telescope.
Timing the Evolution of the Galactic Disk with NGC 6791: An Open Cluster with Peculiar High-α Chemistry as Seen by APOGEE
Authors: Linden Sean T. , Pryal Matthew , Hayes Christian R. , Troup Nicholas W. , Majewski Steven R. , Andrews Brett H. , Beers Timothy C. , Carrera Ricardo , Cunha Katia , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Frinchaboy Peter , Geisler Doug , Lane Richard R. , Nitschelm Christian , Pan Kaike , Prieto Carlos Allende , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Smith Verne V. , Sobeck Jennifer , Tang Baitian , Villanova Sandro , Zasowski Gail
Published: June 2017

We utilize elemental-abundance information for Galactic red giant stars in five open clusters (NGC 7789, NGC 6819, M67, NGC 188, and NGC 6791) from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) DR13 data set to age-date the chemical evolution of the high- and low-α element sequences of the Milky Way (MW). Key to this time-stamping is the cluster NGC 6791, whose stellar members have mean abundances that place it in the high-α, high-[Fe/H] region of the [α/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane. Based on the cluster’s age (∼8 Gyr), Galactocentric radius, and height above the Galactic plane, as well as comparable chemistry reported for APOGEE stars in Baade’s Window, we suggest that the two most likely origins for NGC 6791 are as an original part of the thick disk, or as a former member of the Galactic bulge. Moreover, because NGC 6791 lies at the high-metallicity end ([Fe/H] ∼ 0.4) of the high-α sequence, the age of NGC 6791 places a limit on the youngest age of stars in the high-metallicity, high-α sequence for the cluster’s parent population (i.e., either the bulge or the disk). In a similar way, we can also use the age and chemistry of NGC 188 to set a limit of ∼7 Gyr on the oldest age of the low-α sequence of the MW. Therefore, NGC 6791 and NGC 188 are potentially a pair of star clusters that bracket both the timing and the duration of an important transition point in the chemical history of the MW.
Magnifying the Early Episodes of Star Formation: Super Star Clusters at Cosmological Distances*
Authors: Vanzella E. , Castellano M. , Meneghetti M. , Mercurio A. , Caminha G. B. , Cupani G. , Calura F. , Christensen L. , Merlin E. , Rosati P. , Gronke M. , Dijkstra M. , Mignoli M. , Gilli R. , Barros S. De , Caputi K. , Grillo C. , Balestra I. , Cristiani S. , Nonino M. , Giallongo E. , Grazian A. , Pentericci L. , Fontana A. , Comastri A. , Vignali C. , Zamorani G. , Brusa M. , Bergamini P. , Tozzi P.
Published: June 2017

We study the spectrophotometric properties of a highly magnified (

) pair of stellar systems identified at z = 3.2222 behind the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster MACS J0416. Five multiple images (out of six) have been spectroscopically confirmed by means of VLT/MUSE and VLT/X-Shooter observations. Each image includes two faint (

), young (

Myr), low-mass (

), low-metallicity (12 + Log(O/H) ≃ 7.7, or 1/10 solar), and compact (30 pc effective radius) stellar systems separated by

pc after correcting for lensing amplification. We measured several rest-frame ultraviolet and optical narrow (

km s−1) high-ionization lines. These features may be the signature of very hot (

K) stars within dense stellar clusters, whose dynamical mass is likely dominated by the stellar component. Remarkably, the ultraviolet metal lines are not accompanied by Lyα emission (e.g., C iv/Lyα

), despite the fact that the Lyα line flux is expected to be 150 times brighter (inferred from the Hβ flux). A spatially offset, strongly magnified (

) Lyα emission with a spatial extent

kpc2 is instead identified 2 kpc away from the system. The origin of such a faint emission could be the result of fluorescent Lyα induced by a transverse leakage of ionizing radiation emerging from the stellar systems and/or may be associated with an underlying and barely detected object (with

de-lensed). This is the first confirmed metal-line emitter at such low-luminosity and redshift without Lyα emission—suggesting that, at least in some cases, a non-uniform covering factor of the neutral gas might hamper the Lyα detection.
Jésus, accomplissement des prophéties et prophète. Jean-Marie Lustiger et la responsabilité chrétienne
Authors: Guggenheim Antoine
Published: June 2017

L’enseignement christologique du Cardinal Lustiger, sans être systématique, offre un véritable programme théologique. La mémoire de la Shoah pousse au ressourcement de la tradition (participation à l’élection, connaissance des Écritures, universalité de la mission) ; la permanence d’Israël ouvre l’accomplissement de la Loi en Jésus ; Jésus est prophétie et accomplissement des prophéties.
Les trois héritages de Tibhirine
Authors: Petit Jean-François
Published: June 2017

Cet article fait le point, vingt ans après leur disparition, sur l’héritage des moines de Tibhirine. L’A. le situe à trois niveaux : le choix de la non-violence, la rencontre interculturelle et interreligieuse, l’anthropologie fondamentale, confirmant ainsi le caractère universel de leur message.
L’ASEAN, les réfugiés birmans et les droits de l’homme
Authors: Jetschke Anja , Boisivon François
Published: June 2017

L’ASEAN a adopté en 2007 une charte en faveur de l’état de droit et des droits de l’homme. On s’interroge sur les suites concrètes de cet engagement, et sur ses raisons mêmes. Il semble que l’attitude de l’État birman vis-à-vis de ses minorités, générant d’importants flux de réfugiés, ait posé problème à plusieurs membres de l’ASEAN, tant en termes économiques qu’en termes d’image. La charte de 2007 constitue néanmoins une base d’action importante, en particulier pour les sociétés civiles.
État islamique : l’autre menace
Authors: Bannier Philippe
Published: June 2017

L’État islamique est aujourd’hui en recul en Irak et en Syrie. Il a cependant suscité l’adhésion de multiples branches et soutiens dans de nombreux pays. Inégaux dans leurs moyens, ces groupes représentent un nouveau défi dans un contexte international incertain, défi qui pourrait s’aggraver avec le recul de l’EI au Proche-Orient et le retour dans leurs pays des djihadistes. Les régions d’Asie du Sud et du Sud-Est pourraient être particulièrement concernées.
La politisation par l’occupation. Pratiques quotidiennes et trajectoires d’ empowerment dans un squat madrilène
Authors: Nez Héloïse
Published: June 2017

En Espagne, le 15M a impulsé une vague d’occupations, à partir du 15 mai 2011, non seulement de places publiques, mais aussi de locaux désaffectés et de logements vides. Les Indignados , qui s’inscrivent ainsi dans la suite du mouvement des squatteurs, s’en distinguent par une diversification du profil socio-économique, des orientations idéologiques et des trajectoires des occupants. À partir d’une étude de cas dans le quartier madrilène de Carabanchel, cet article porte sur ces nouveaux occupants sans passé militant, en mettant en lien leurs pratiques et représentations de l’occupation avec leurs trajectoires sociales, professionnelles et politiques. Il s’intéresse aux facteurs de leur engagement, en insistant sur la dégradation de leur situation socio-économique et les opportunités que leur offre le squat en termes de résolution de problèmes concrets et de reconnaissance sociale. L’analyse porte également sur leurs pratiques quotidiennes, à l’origine d’une prise de conscience d’une capacité d’agir individuelle et collective. Ces trajectoires d’ empowerment s’accompagnent d’un changement de leurs perceptions des mouvements sociaux, des médias et du système économique et politique.
« Le respect de la boutique »
Authors: Lecomte Damien , Bouvard Hugo , Perez Déborah , Boelaert Julien
Published: June 2017

Cet article étudie la « fronde » socialiste à l’Assemblée nationale sous la 14 e  législature (2012-2017), un épisode de forte indiscipline de vote au sein du groupe socialiste majoritaire, portant sur le cœur de la politique économique gouvernementale. Il en détaille la chronologie, en prêtant une attention particulière aux récits des acteurs, députés et collaborateurs. En s’appuyant à la fois sur une approche ethnographique, sur des données prosopographiques et sur les archives des votes à l’Assemblée nationale depuis 1993, il objective statistiquement le groupe des frondeurs et replace les récits qu’en font les protagonistes dans une perspective historique. Par son ampleur, les acteurs qu’elle mobilise et les pratiques dont elle relève, la fronde constitue un épisode inédit, caractéristique de la 14 e  législature. Pour autant, elle s’inscrit dans un processus de plus long terme d’étiolement de la discipline partisane au sein du groupe socialiste et traduit des changements progressifs dans la gestion des dissensions internes.
Antigen Availability and DOCK2-Driven Motility Govern CD4+ T Cell Interactions with Dendritic Cells In Vivo
Authors: Ackerknecht Markus , Gollmer Kathrin , Germann Philipp , Ficht Xenia , Abe Jun , Fukui Yoshinori , Swoger Jim , Ripoll Jorge , Sharpe James , Stein Jens V.
Published: June 2017

Parenchymal migration of naive CD4+ T cells in lymph nodes (LNs) is mediated by the Rac activator DOCK2 and PI3Kγ and is widely assumed to facilitate efficient screening of dendritic cells (DCs) presenting peptide-MHCs (pMHCs). Yet how CD4+ T cell motility, DC density, and pMHC levels interdependently regulate such interactions has not been comprehensively examined. Using intravital imaging of reactive LNs in DC-immunized mice, we show that pMHC levels determined the occurrence and timing of stable CD4+ T cell–DC interactions. Despite the variability in interaction parameters, ensuing CD4+ T cell proliferation was comparable over a wide range of pMHC levels. Unexpectedly, decreased intrinsic motility of DOCK2−/− CD4+ T cells did not impair encounters with DCs in dense paracortical networks and, instead, increased interaction stability, whereas PI3Kγ deficiency had no effect on interaction parameters. In contrast, intravital and whole-organ imaging showed that DOCK2-driven T cell motility was required to detach from pMHClow DCs and to find rare pMHChigh DCs. In sum, our data uncover flexible signal integration by scanning CD4+ T cells, suggesting a search strategy evolved to detect low-frequency DCs presenting high cognate pMHC levels.
Elimination of Babesia microti Is Dependent on Intraerythrocytic Killing and CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Skariah Sini , Arnaboldi Paul , Dattwyler Raymond J. , Sultan Ali A. , Gaylets Corey , Walwyn Odaelys , Mulhall Hannah , Wu Xia , Dargham Soha R. , Mordue Dana G.
Published: June 2017

Babesiosis is a tick-borne zoonosis caused by protozoans of the genus Babesia, apicomplexan parasites that replicate within erythrocytes. However, unlike related Plasmodium species, the pathogenesis of Babesia infection remains poorly understood. The primary etiological agent of babesiosis in the United States is B. microti. In healthy individuals, tick-transmitted infection with Babesia causes no specific clinical manifestations, with many having no symptoms at all. However, even in asymptomatic people, a Babesia carriage state can be established that can last up to a year or more. Current blood bank screening methods do not identify infected donors, and Babesia parasites survive blood-banking procedures and storage. Thus, Babesia can also be transmitted by infected blood, and it is currently the number one cause of reportable transfusion-transmitted infection in the United States. Despite a significant impact on human health, B. microti remains understudied. In this study, we evaluated the course of Babesia infection in three strains of mice, C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and C3H-HeJ, and examined the contribution of multiple immune parameters, including TLRs, B cells, CD4+ cells, IFN-γ, and NO, on the level of parasitemia and parasite clearance during acute babesiosis. We found that B. microti reaches high parasitemia levels during the first week of infection in all three mice strains before resolving spontaneously. Our results indicate that resolution of babesiosis requires CD4 T cells and a novel mechanism of parasite killing within infected erythrocytes.
Pulmonary Involvement in Patients with Guillain–Barré Syndrome in Subacute Phase
Authors: Khanna Meeka , Rawat Nidhi , Gupta Anupam , Nagappa Madhu , Taly Arun B. , Rukmani M. R. , Sathyaprabha T. N. , Haldar Partha
Published: June 2017

Objectives: To evaluate the pulmonary function in Guillain�Barre syndrome (GBS) patients in subacute phase and find clinical correlates of pulmonary dysfunction. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study in GBS patients performed in Department of Neurological Rehabilitation at a tertiary care institute. Clinical examination for pulmonary function was done by measuring chest expansion. The pulmonary function tests were carried out by Spirometry kit Microquark Cosmed, Italy. Fatigue was assessed by Fatigue Severity Scale, disability status by Hughes Disability Scale (HDS), and muscle weakness by Medical Research Council sum scores. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed by Stata 11. The significance of P value was adjudged against an alpha of 0.05. Results: Twenty-eight patients were included with 17 (61%) men and mean age of 31 years. Median duration of symptoms was 16.5 days. There were 10 (36%) demyelinating and 18 (64%) axonal variants. Twenty-six (93%) patients scored more than 2 on HDS. All study participants reported fatigue. Twenty-two (78.6%) patients had chest expansion of <2.5 cm. Spirometry showed restrictive pulmonary dysfunction in 23 (79%) patients. Significant correlation was found between abnormal pulmonary function test and chest expansion (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Pulmonary dysfunction in GBS is common even during subacute phase. It needs to be identified and managed appropriately for better clinical outcome.
Comparison of Efficacy of Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Videoangiography in Clipping of Anterior Circulation Aneurysms with Postoperative Digital Subtraction Angiography
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Jagetia Anita , Singh Daljit , Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Tandon Monica Sehgal
Published: June 2017

Introduction: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VA) using postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in clipped anterior circulation aneurysms. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted for 1 year which included thirty patients of anterior circulation aneurysm treated by clipping of aneurysm. Intraoperative ICG-VA was performed on all the patients. Postoperative DSA was performed to assess the efficacy of ICG-VA. Results: Intraoperative ICG-VA revealed the occlusion of aneurysm in all the thirty patients. Postoperative DSA revealed aneurysm neck remnant in two patients and demonstrated no branch occlusion. Conclusions: Intraoperative ICG-VA is useful in assessing the completeness of clipping of cerebral aneurysms and ensures patency of branch vessels, thus providing a better postoperative outcome. It replaces the need for invasive postoperative angiographic imaging in a selected group of patients and is also cost effective.