bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rule of Threes: three factors that triple the likelihood of families overriding first person consent for organ donation in the UK
Authors: Morgan James , Hopkinson Cathy , Hudson Cara , Murphy Paul , Gardiner Dale , McGowan Olive , Miller Cathy
Published: November 2017

Between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2015, 263 of the 2244 families in the UK whose loved ones had registered to donate organs for transplantation after their death on the NHS Organ Donor Register chose to override this decision; an override rate of 11.7%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to data relating to various aspects of the family approach in order to identify factors associated with such overrides. The factors associated with family overrides were failure to involve the Specialist Nurse for Organ Donation in the family approach (odds ratio 3.0), donation after circulatory death (odds ratio 2.7) and Black, Asian or Minority Ethnicity (odds ratio 2.7). This highlights the need to further engage with these groups in exploring donation as an end of life choice, and suggests that there may be, from the perspective of the family, fundamental differences between donation after brainstem death and circulatory death. It further adds to the body of data linking involvement of the Specialist Nurse for Organ Donation in the family approach to improved UK consent rates.
Advances in understanding combustion phenomena using non-premixed and partially premixed counterflow flames: A review
Authors: Ravikrishna RV , Sahu AB
Published: November 2017

Counterflow flames provide an ideal platform for understanding the flame structure and as a model to study the effect of physical and chemical perturbations on the flame structure. This article reviews the advances made in the understanding of combustion dynamics and chemistry through experimental and numerical studies in counterflow non-premixed and partially premixed flames. Key contributions on fundamental aspects such as extinction, ignition and effect of perturbations on the stability of diffusion flames are first summarized and analysed. The review then focuses on the progress made in the understanding of the effect of inert particles and flame suppressants on the flame characteristics. A review of detailed studies on edge flames facilitates further understanding of local quenching and re-ignition phenomena in highly turbulent flames. The influence of radiation model and unsteady flow-conditions on the flame kinetics and dynamics along with work on NOx kinetics has been discussed. The review also outlines that specific experiments need to be carried out over a wide range of conditions for further understanding and validation of numerical models.
Caught in the Nexus: A Comparative and Longitudinal Analysis of Public Trust in the Press
Authors: Hanitzsch Thomas , Van Dalen Arjen , Steindl Nina
Published: November 2017

Despite signs of declining press trust in many western countries, we know little about trends in press trust across the world. Based on comparative survey data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and European Values Study (EVS), this study looks into national levels of trust in the press and identifies factors that drive differences across societies and individuals as well as over time. Findings indicate that the widely noted decline in media trust is not a universal trend; it is true for only about half of the studied countries, with the United States experiencing the largest and most dramatic drop in trust in the press. Political trust has emerged as key factor for our understanding of trust in the press. We found robust evidence for what we called the trust nexus—the idea that trust in the news media is strongly linked to the way publics look at political institutions. The link between press trust and political trust was considerably stronger in politically polarized societies. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the relation between press trust and political trust is becoming stronger over time. We reason that the strong connection between media and political trust may be driven by a growing public sentiment against elite groups.
Exploring the effects of a non-interactive talking avatar on social presence, credibility, trust, and patronage intention in an e-commerce website
Authors: Liew Tze Wei , Tan Su-Mae , Ismail Hishamuddin
Published: November 2017

While prior research has examined the effects of interactive e-commerce avatars that simulate the roles of virtual assistants and recommender agents, there is lack of empirical study that investigates the effects of non-interactive talking avatars in e-commerce. This is unfortunate, as many websites today utilize non-interactive talking avatars that provide one-way dialogue in the forms of greetings, introduction of the company, and description of products and services offered. To bridge this gap, our study aims to investigate the effects of non-interactive talking avatar on perceptions of social presence, credibility, website trust, and patronage intention in an online store. Comparing between the experimental (website with avatar) and control (website without avatar) conditions, the experimental results showed that perceived social presence was significantly enhanced by the presence of the non-interactive talking avatar. Furthermore, the presence of the avatar had positive effects on website trust and patronage intention among male participants; but had negative effects on perceptions of information credibility and website patronage intention among females. Analysis based on participants’ comments suggests that females were more critical towards certain shortcomings of the non-interactive talking avatar; citing limited interactivity and artificial dialogue from text-to-speech engine. Additionally, the comment analysis suggests that females preferred processing textual over auditory information (as spoken by the avatar) about the products in the online store. Theoretical and managerial implications related to non-interactive talking avatars are discussed in this paper.
Role of Patient Coping Strategies in Understanding the Effects of Early Palliative Care on Quality of Life and Mood
Authors: Greer Joseph A. , Jacobs Jamie M. , El-Jawahri Areej , Nipp Ryan D. , Gallagher Emily R. , Pirl William F. , Park Elyse R. , Muzikansky Alona , Jacobsen Juliet C. , Jackson Vicki A. , Temel Jennifer S.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The early integration of oncology and palliative care (EIPC) improves quality of life (QOL) and mood for patients with advanced cancer. However, the mechanisms by which EIPC benefits these outcomes remain unclear. We therefore examined whether EIPC improved patients’ coping strategies and if changes in coping accounted for intervention effects on QOL and depressive symptoms.

Patients and Methods

For this secondary analysis of an EIPC trial, we examined data from 350 patients with newly diagnosed incurable lung or GI cancer. Participants completed assessments of QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire–9), and coping (Brief COPE) at baseline and 24 weeks. We used linear regression to test intervention effects on use of coping strategies and mediation regression models with bias-corrected bootstrapping to examine whether improvements in coping mediated the effects of early palliative care on patient-reported outcomes.

Results

Compared with usual oncology care, EIPC significantly increased patient use of approach-oriented coping strategies ( B = 1.09; SE = 0.44; P = .01) and slightly reduced use of avoidant strategies ( B = −0.44; SE = 0.23; P = .06) from baseline to 24 weeks. Also, the increased use of approach-oriented coping and reduction in avoidant coping were associated with higher QOL and lower depressive symptoms at 24 weeks. The positive changes in approach-oriented coping, but not avoidant coping, significantly mediated the effects of EIPC on QOL (indirect effect, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.33 to 2.86) and depressive symptoms (indirect effect, −0.39; 95% CI, −0.87 to −0.08).

Conclusion

Patients with incurable cancer who received EIPC showed increased use of approach-oriented coping, which was associated with higher QOL and reduced depressive symptoms. Palliative care may improve these outcomes by providing patients with the skills to cope effectively with life-threatening illness.
Epidural Space Identification With Loss of Resistance Technique for Epidural Analgesia During Labor: A Randomized Controlled Study Using Air or Saline—New Arguments for an Old Controversy
Authors: Brogly Nicolas , Guasch Emilia , Alsina Estibaliz , García Carla , Puertas Laura , Dominguez Ana , Diez Jesús , Gómez Jorge , Gilsanz Fernando
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:

The best technique to identify the epidural space for labor analgesia is still unclear despite the publication of various randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses. Our aim was to assess the superiority of the saline loss of resistance (SLOR) technique over the air loss of resistance (ALOR) technique with respect to the quality of the block.

METHODS:

Consenting parturients admitted to our obstetric suite for spontaneous or induced labor were randomized to receive epidural analgesia using either the ALOR or SLOR technique. Our primary outcome was to compare the impact of the SLOR and ALOR technique on pain score improvement measured 30 minutes after administration of epidural block. Our secondary outcomes included the density of motor blockade and analgesic efficacy measured at 30 minutes. Primary and secondary outcomes were compared using the Student t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at P < .017 for primary and secondary outcomes, considering Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Other comparisons were considered exploratory.

RESULTS:

Four hundred parturients were included; 24 were excluded from the final analysis. After 30 minutes, pain score reduction (ALOR, 4.7 ± 2.9/10; SLOR, 4.9 ± 3.0/10; P = .49), motor block (ALOR, 1.4 ± 0.8; SLOR, 1.3 ± 0.8; P = .27), and efficacy of the block (ALOR, 1.0 ± 0.7; SLOR, 1.0 ± 0.6; P = .87) did not differ significantly between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pain score reduction after 30 minutes and onset of the block were not affected by the technique used to locate the epidural space.
Characterization and analysis of CCR and CAD gene families at the whole-genome level for lignin synthesis of stone cells in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) fruit
Authors: Cheng Xi , Li Manli , Li Dahui , Zhang Jinyun , Jin Qing , Sheng Lingling , Cai Yongping , Lin Yi
Published: November 2017

The content of stone cells has significant effects on the flavour and quality of pear fruit. Previous research suggested that lignin deposition is closely related to stone cell formation. In the lignin biosynthetic pathway, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), dehydrogenase/reductase family members, catalyse the last two steps in monolignol synthesis. However, there is little knowledge of the characteristics of the CCR and CAD families in pear and their involvement in lignin synthesis of stone cells. In this study, 31 CCRs and 26 CADs were identified in the pear genome. Phylogenetic trees for CCRs and CADs were constructed; key amino acid residues were analysed, and three-dimensional structures were predicted. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), PbCAD2, PbCCR1, -2 and -3 were identified as participating in lignin synthesis of stone cells in pear fruit. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the expressed proteins (PbCAD2, PbCCR1, -2 and -3) are found in the cytoplasm or at the cell membrane. These results reveal the evolutionary features of the CCR and CAD families in pear as well as the genes responsible for regulation of lignin synthesis and stone cell development in pear fruit.
A voltage-dependent fluorescent indicator for optogenetic applications, archaerhodopsin-3: Structure and optical properties from in silico modeling
Authors: Nikolaev Dmitrii M. , Emelyanov Anton , Boitsov Vitaly M. , Panov Maxim S , Ryazantsev Mikhail N.
Published: November 2017

It was demonstrated in recent studies that some rhodopsins can be used in optogenetics as fluorescent indicators of membrane voltage. One of the promising candidates for these applications is archaerhodopsin-3. While it has already shown encouraging results, there is still a large room for improvement. One of possible directions is increasing the intensity of the protein's fluorescent signal. Rational design of mutants with an improved signal is an important task, which requires both experimental and theoretical studies. Herein, we used a homology-based computational approach to predict the three-dimensional structure of archaerhodopsin-3, and a Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) hybrid approach with high-level multireference ab initio methodology (SORCI+Q/AMBER) to model optical properties of this protein. We demonstrated that this methodology allows for reliable prediction of structure and spectral properties of archaerhodopsin-3. The results of this study can be utilized for computational molecular design of efficient fluorescent indicators of membrane voltage for modern optogenetics on the basis of archaerhodopsin-3.
Preference and willingness to pay for nutritional counseling services in urban Hanoi
Authors: Nguyen Hai Viet , Trinh Ngoc Bao , Le Huong Thi , Nguyen Cuong Tat , Mai Hue Thi , Tran Tho Dinh , Le Huong Thi , Le Quynh Ngoc Hoang , Tran Bach Xuan , Vu Thuc Thi Minh
Published: November 2017

Background:Despite substantial achievement in reducing malnutrition rates in Vietnam, there has been an increasing rate of overweight individuals in urban areas, which may result in a high burden of non-communicable diseases. Nutritional counseling clinics have been introduced in several settings; however, little is known about the preference for this service among urban clients. This study aimed to assess the preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for nutritional counseling services among urban clients.

Methods:We interviewed 429 clients who attended Hanoi Medical University Nutritional Counseling Clinic (Hanoi, Vietnam). WTP was determined using double-bounded dichotomous-choice questions and open-ended questions.

Results:In total, 78.6% respondents were willing to use nutritional counseling services. The mean amount of WTP for one-time service and one-year package was 96,100VND (~$4.3) and 946,400VND (~$41.9), respectively. Clients’ willingness to use the service was higher among females, those seeking counseling for elderly people and those who preferred face-to-face counseling services (p<0.05). WTP was higher among those who were over 35 years old, those seeking services for the elderly people, those having poor nutritional status, and those having under-6 year old children (p<0.05).

Conclusions:The preference and WTP for nutritional counseling services in urban Hanoi were relatively high. Scaling up this service is necessary to actively prevent and control the spread of non-communicable diseases.
LSD1, a double-edged sword, confers dynamic chromatin regulation but commonly promotes aberrant cell growth
Authors: Kozub Meghan M , Carr Ryan M , Lomberk Gwen L , Fernandez-Zapico Martin E
Published: November 2017

Histone-modifying enzymes play a critical role in chromatin remodeling and are essential for influencing several genome processes such as gene expression and DNA repair, replication, and recombination. The discovery of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first identified histone demethylase, dramatically revolutionized research in the field of epigenetics. LSD1 plays a pivotal role in a wide range of biological operations, including development, cellular differentiation, embryonic pluripotency, and disease (for example, cancer). This mini-review focuses on the role of LSD1 in chromatin regulatory complexes, its involvement in epigenetic changes throughout development, and its importance in physiological and pathological processes.
The benefits of using an online ordering service to improve efficiency in wound care services
Authors: Markey Paddy , Barrett Simon
Published: November 2017

ONPOS is an online non-prescription ordering service (ONPOS) provided by Coloplast that enables formulary wound dressing products to be purchased from a variety of supply routes without needing a prescription or paperwork. ONPOS has been available for over a decade and is currently used in over 30 trusts throughout the UK. This article presents the need for improved access to wound dressings in the community, and outlines the proven benefits of adopting ONPOS, including reduced dressing wastage, instantly accessible dressing stock, improved formulary compliance and more appropriate use of dressings. Using ONPOS also provides real-time data that enables tracking of product usage and spend which can then be used to inform decision-making and promote a cost-effective culture within the organisation.
Guidance and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Higginson Ray
Published: November 2017

Intravenous (IV) drug administration is a common in-hospital procedure requiring venous cannulation. Universal precautions and general infection control measures need to be considered when undertaking any clinical procedure, but when administering IV therapy for medicine and/or maintenance, fluid administration specific measures need to be considered. It is especially important that elderly patients and those patients with compromised immunity receive IV therapy only when clinically indicted and that their IV catheters are correctly maintained. In addition, inappropriate insertion of IV catheters not only poses a clinical risk but it not very cost effective. This paper will discuss some of these issues.
Frog better or worse…
Authors: Brown Sarah-Mary
Published: November 2017

Sarah-Mary Brown FWCF, takes a close look at the structure, function and common ailments of the frog
Equine liver disease: think outside the ragwort box
Authors: Durham Andy E
Published: November 2017

Andy E Durham, from the Liphook Equine Hospital explains why it is important not to assume liver disease is only a result of ragwort poisoning
Do we need to worry about sidebones?
Authors: Biggi Marianna
Published: November 2017

Dr Marianna Biggi, recognised specialist equine radiologist from VetCT veterinary telemedicine, discusses the radiological findings and clinical relevance of sidebones
2026: if you ride it, record it
Authors: Fraser Rachel
Published: November 2017

Rachel Fraser, of the British Horse Society, explains what the 2026 cut-off date means for riders and carriage drivers in England and Wales
Horsepower Vets 7
Authors: Wilmink Sanne
Published: November 2017

Sanne Wilmink recounts their latest trip
Job satisfaction and skills of a home visiting workforce in South Carolina
Authors: Radcliff Elizabeth , Crouch Elizabeth , Browder Jennifer , Place Janet
Published: November 2017

This article describes an evaluation of a home visiting workforce in South Carolina, US. Using multiple surveys, the workforce was examined to determine its demographic characteristics, job satisfaction and confidence in core competencies. Overall, the home visitors were well-educated and experienced, but most were relatively new to their current agencies. Around 22% were less than satisfied with their work, with the greatest areas of dissatisfaction being pay, working conditions and opportunity for promotion. The home visitors felt well-trained in interpersonal skills but least confident in skills relating to positive parenting, developmental delays and dealing with caregiver depression. Understanding key characteristics of a workforce can inform strategic efforts towards workforce planning, support and training.
ADHD stigma plagues half of young sufferers, research says
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: November 2017

Mental health warning for ADHD sufferers as report reveals long diagnosis delays and a lack of recognition from frontline staff
Critical thinking in practice
Authors: Hopkin John
Published: November 2017

A recent CPD project looked at practical strategies and understanding for critical thinking. Dr John Hopkin has compiled case studies of the work participants undertook in their schools and the outcomes…
Deliberately difficult
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: November 2017

Our series on how students learn continues. Matt Bromley moves on to distributed practice and interleaved practice, two techniques that can help pupils to boost their memory and recall abilities
Case Studies of Clinician-Guided, Online Therapy: Towards a Fuller Understanding of How and Under What Conditions Such Therapy Works
Authors: Caspar Franz
Published: November 2017

Ciuca, Berger, and Miclea (2017) and Schulz, Vincent, & Berger (2017) each present a pair of process-focused, systematic case studies, one with good outcome and one with a poorer outcome. These cases were drawn from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an Online self-help therapy for panic disorder and social anxiety disorder, respectively. In both instances the cases were drawn from the clinician-guided arm of the RCT. This commentary reviews the kind of knowledge emerging from these pairs of case studies from a variety of perspectives, including: the practical advantages of online, clinician-guided treatment; client readiness for treatment; the role of the therapist alliance; the broad reach of online therapy; and the important complementary role that systematic case studies play in enhancing the knowledge that emerges from RCTs.
Comparative effects of intraduodenal amino acid infusions on food intake and gut hormone release in healthy males
Authors: Steinert Robert E. , Ullrich Sina S. , Geary Nori , Asarian Lori , Bueter Marco , Horowitz Michael , Feinle‐Bisset Christine
Published: November 2017

In contrast to the many studies of the effects of individual amino acids (AAs) on eating, no studies have compared the effects of different AAs on eating and underlying preabsorptive gastrointestinal mechanisms. To compare the effects of intraduodenal infusions of l‐tryptophan (TRP), l‐leucine (LEU), l‐phenylalanine (PHE) and l‐glutamine (GLN) on appetite, gastrointestinal hormone responses (including ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 [GLP‐1]), glycemia (glucagon, insulin and glucose) and test meal size in healthy males, we retrospectively analyzed data from four published independent, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies of 90‐min intraduodenal infusions of the individual AAs. The designs of the studies were identical, except the dose of TRP (0.15 kcal/min) was lower than that of the other AAs (0.45 kcal/min) because higher doses of this AA were not well tolerated. TRP and LEU decreased intake more than PHE (reductions relative to control, ~219 ± 68, ~170 ± 48 and ~12 ± 57 kcal, respectively), and TRP decreased intake more than GLN (~31 ± 82 kcal). These effects of TRP and LEU versus GLN, but not versus PHE, were paralleled by greater decreases in plasma ghrelin, and increases in CCK, concentrations. TRP increased PYY more than GLN or LEU, but not PHE. LEU increased PYY less than PHE. No significant differences were detected for GLP‐1. PHE increased glucagon more than TRP or LEU, and increased insulin more than TRP. Under our experimental conditions, intraduodenal TRP and LEU were more satiating than PHE and GLN. The greater satiating efficacy of LEU versus PHE was significantly dissociated from the effects of these AAs on PYY, while the greater satiating potency of TRP versus PHE was significantly dissociated from the effects of these AAs on insulin and glucagon. In contrast, ghrelin and CCK, and potentially other mechanisms, including central sensing of individual AAs, appear to be stronger candidate mechanisms for the relative satiating effects obtained.
Insanity and Social Dangerousness: Philosophical Reflections on Italian Law
Authors: Ugolini Beatrice
Published: November 2017

According to Italian law 81/2014, social dangerousness derived only from individual personal characteristics, including mental health conditions. As a result, dangerousness is not perceived as related to a specific context, but on the contrary mainly caused by a psychic condition. Although forensic psychiatry and criminology have denied this axiom for a long time now, this ancient and traditional prejudice where a mentally ill person is dangerous as such, seems to have returned formally. Beyond the contingent issues that may have influenced Italian lawmakers in formulating this legislation, there is a question to ask: why does this union between mental illness/social dangerousness reappears in a cyclic and persistent way? Since imputability and social dangerousness are not topics studied exclusively by law and psychiatry, it is possible to express some philosophical considerations regarding the correlation between insanity and deviance and the ancient bond between insanity and evil. In assessing psychiatric social dangerousness, in order to reconcile instances of the rights of individual patients with the need to protect society, the law needs to take into account these hidden and intertwined issues.
The Creation of the Albanian State and its Relationship with Religious Communities: The Sanctioning of Religious Plurality as a Condition of National Unity
Authors: Papagjoni Erjon
Published: November 2017

The Albanian state sanctioned after the Lushnja Congress in 1920 applied a liberal and wise policy to religious communities, aiming to create ethnic, social and national cohesion among the people through the recognition of the plurality of religious beliefs, their mutual respect, of correct relations with the state and the strengthening of national unity, according to the advanced conventions of modern European states. The new Albanian state committed itself to recognizing all the rights of religious communities in Albania so that they would normally practice their religious activity with all rituals and prayers according to their faith, dogmas, and sacred canons, enhancing spiritual influence in people. To provide legal support to four main religious communities - Muslim, Bektashi, Orthodox, and Catholic - the state sought the design and approval of the correspondent statutes of each religious community. The new political situation required that the new statutes include the need for the independence of religious communities from the type of their former legal structures and reports that they had under the Ottoman Empire. On the other hand, the Albanian state openly proclaimed its secular character in relation to religions. In the statutes of the four main religious communities, with their peculiarities, were included the rights and obligations to believers, the way of organizing hierarchy and clerical forums, the correct legal relations with the state, which ensured and guaranteed their normal functioning, education religious programs, schools at their various ranks, staff and administration, their wealth, their administration and publications, in order to realize the spiritual impacts and the educational power that religion aims to offers to the masses of believers (Albanian Encyclopaedia Dictionary, 2009).
The Conception and Perception of Traditional/Contemporary Urban Space About the City: Theory of Representation vs. Everyday Practices
Authors: Rusta Ana
Published: November 2017

In this essay will be given a great importance to the traditional and contemporary conception and perception of urban space as elements referred to the city. Throughout the analysis, in the level of the contemporary perception of the city, will be presented the theory that insists on the conception and construction of urban space by the practices of everyday life and the so-called strategy of resistance. This refers not only to a new frame of sociology but also to a new methodological approach for the construction of the urban space. Regarding the latter, will be elaborated the thought of Henri Lefebvre and Michael De Certeau as a vector for the explanation of some problems observed in the methodological conception of urban space such as the city of Tirana. Through this approach, we will specifically disclose some problems observed about the use of certain urban spaces. Traditionally, the theory of representation emphasizes a conception of abstract and rational presentation of urban space analyzed from above, giving us an incredibly simplified bureaucratic view of the city. This theory does not analyze specifically micro-urban space and social problems facing the people in this space. Therefore, a new contemporary theory appears as a critique which aims to use a new anti-bureaucratic method that starts from the study of practices of everyday life, using instrumental analysis of the body and micro-social practices to present urban space in the most comprehensive frame.
Critical and subcritical fractional Trudinger–Moser-type inequalities on ℝ \mathbb{R}
Authors: Takahashi Futoshi
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we are concerned with the critical and subcritical Trudinger–Moser-type inequalities
for functions in a fractional Sobolev space

{H^{1/2,2}}

on the whole real line.
We prove the relation between two inequalities and discuss the attainability of the suprema.
Zwischen
Common
und
Digital Library
– 600 Jahre Erfahrung und Innovation. Ein Einblick in die Cambridge University Library, Großbritannien
Authors: Laczny Joachim
Published: November 2017

Die Cambridge University Library, Großbritannien, mit einer über 600jährigen Tradition und Geschichte widmet sich verstärkt den digitalen Transformationsprozessen. Nicht nur Entwicklungen im Bereich Open Science, sondern auch in der Digitalen Bibliothek kennzeichnen diesen Fortschritt.
Secret Underlying Unexplained Abdominal Pain, Neurological Symptoms and Intermittent Hypertension: Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: Komac Andac , Gram Elif , Gulec Feray , Akar Harun
Published: November 2017

A 21-year-old female patient with abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation was admitted to the hospital with the possible diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis. Due to increased abdominal pain and constipation the patient underwent a surgery with the diagnosis of ileus. However, no pathological findings were found in the abdominal organs apart from serous fluid in the abdominal cavity. The patient became hypertensive, tachycardic and had an episode of seizures postoperatively. Neurological manifestations with unexplained abdominal pain indicated a diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). Acute intermittent porphyria diagnosis is based on elevated urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) levels as well as hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) IVS13-2 A>G heterozygous mutation. Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) gene mutations were not confirmed. Porphyria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with recurrent abdominal pain, neurological symptoms and lack of FMF gene polymorphism.
NATO in Europe: Between Weak European Allies and Strong Influence of Russian Federation
Authors: Vukadinović Lidija Čehulić , Begović Monika , Jušić Luka
Published: November 2017

After the collapse of the bipolar international order, NATO has been focused on its desire to eradicate Cold War divisions and to build good relations with Russia. However, the security environment, especially in Europe, is still dramatically changing. The NATO Warsaw Summit was focused especially on NATO’s deteriorated relations with Russia that affect Europe’s security. At the same time, it looked at bolstering deterrence and defence due to many concerns coming from eastern European allies about Russia’s new attitude in international relations. The Allies agreed that a dialogue with Russia rebuilding mutual trust needs to start. In the times when Europe faces major crisis from its southern and south-eastern neighbourhood - Western Balkan countries, Syria, Libya and Iraq - and other threats, such as terrorism, coming from the so-called Islamic State, causing migration crises, it is necessary to calm down relations with Russia. The article brings out the main purpose of NATO in a transformed world, with the accent on Europe, that is constantly developing new security conditions while tackling new challenges and threats.
A novel norneolignan glycoside and four new phenolic glycosides from the stems of Viburnum fordiae Hance
Authors: Chen Jia , Shao Jianhua , Zhao Chunchao , Dong Ziling , Shen Jie , Liu Wenyan , Zhao Min , Fan Judi
Published: November 2017

A novel norneolignan glycoside (1), categorized as an unusual 7-noraryl-4′,7-epoxy-8,5′-neolignan glycoside, four new phenolic glycosides (2–5), and a known neolignan glycoside (6) have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the stems of Viburnum fordiae Hance. Dried stems of V. fordiae were extracted with 95% ethanol, and the concentrated extract was portioned successively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The n-butanol portion was subjected to the macroporous resin HPD-100, silica gel, octadecyl SiO2, MCI gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns to obtain six compounds. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data [1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD)] and chemical methods.
Radicalization as a Functional Aspect of Crime
Authors: Kombo Paul
Published: November 2017

Radicalization into extremism and terrorism is a controversial topic amongst scholars on the approaches used to understand the phenomenon. This paper examine some theories on the subject and the debate raging amongst scholars with regard to the differing models and approaches. The key theories examined in respect to radicalization include the theological model, the psychological approach, vulnerability explanations, discrimination/alienation models and political explanations.
“Top-down” vs. “Bottom-up”: A Dichotomy of Paradigms for the Legitimation of Public Power in the EU
Authors: Dellavalle Sergio
Published: November 2017

Public power has been justified by resorting to two different kinds of legitimation: one coming from above, the other emerging from the governed. While legitimation “from above” implies that those who are vested with executive power are qualified in their function because of their allegedly higher competences, “bottom-up” legitimacy always presupposes that only citizens can properly decide on their destiny. After giving a brief account of how both legitimation strategies have developed in the history of political ideas, attention is focused on the theories regarding the legitimacy of public power in the European Union. Indeed, both strands of legitimation of public power are represented here with original proposals, according to the specificity of the supranational condition. But even more interesting is that the research into the characteristics of supranational integration has been one of the most significant fields in which the legitimation “from above” has reappeared in Western thought after a rather long period of marginality, now taking the shape of a technocratic justification. In the main section of the article, the reasons in favour of a democratic “bottom-up” legitimation of the European public power are analyzed first, then those which recur to the so-called “output legitimacy” – in other words to technocratic arguments. The last section of the contribution is dedicated to an overall assessment of the different positions.
Optimal Optotype Structure for Monitoring Visual Acuity
Authors: Rozhkova Galina , Lebedev Dmitry , Gracheva Maria , Rychkova Svetlana
Published: November 2017

To date, there are no generally accepted optotypes for monitoring visual acuity. All common optotypes are not completely suitable for some reasons. The tasks requiring visual monitoring - investigation of visual development, early diagnostics, assessment of treatment - impose heavy demands on the test stimuli. They must be: (1) suitable for patients of any age; (2) convenient for repeatable examinations; and (3) accurate enough for revealing the smallest physiologically significant changes of visual acuity. From theoretical consideration, one could conclude that the optotypes for monitoring visual acuity should be designed for measuring visual resolution but not recognition, unlike most popular optotypes. The best optotypes for visual resolution are gratinglike stimuli whose recognition could only be based on the high frequency part of the Fourier spectrum around the characteristic frequency (not on the low-frequency components). On the basis of theoretical analysis we elaborated modified 3-bar optotypes, which minimise the possibility of using low-frequency cues for stimulus recognition. In this paper we present the results of theoretical and experimental comparison of these optotypes with the two widely used ones: tumbling-E and standard 3-bar targets. According to the data obtained, our modified optotypes seem to be better than other investigated ones for monitoring visual acuity.
The Aftereffects of Müller-Lyer and Ponzo Illusions: Differences Revealed in Sensorimotor Domain
Authors: Lyakhovetskii Vsevolod , Karpinskaia Valeriia
Published: November 2017

Either effects or aftereffects of visual illusions are well studied at the visual domain while there are few studies of aftereffects at the motor tasks such as grasping or pointing at the illusory. The aftereffects of Müller-Lyer and Ponzo illusions in the sensorimotor domain were studied. We used four illusions: two versions of Müller-Lyer illusions (upper/bottom shafts appear longer) and two versions of Ponzo illusions (classical and inverted, upper/bottom shafts appear longer). They were presented to four experimental groups, each type to one of the groups. A fifth group was shown neutral stimuli (two horizontal lines, one under another). At first, one of the above described stimuli was presented ten times. Then, for testing the aftereffect, the neutral stimuli were presented thirty times. After the disappearance of each stimulus, the participant moved his/her right hand across the touch screen along its upper and lower shafts. The participants of all experimental groups experienced significant illusions, but only the classical Ponzo illusion caused significant long-time assimilative aftereffect. These results reveal the existence of an illusory aftereffect in the sensorimotor domain. Moreover, it depends on the type of visual illusion, thereby supporting the hypothesis of origin of the different visual illusions at different levels of the visual system.
Effect of carbonate on U(VI) sorption by nano-crystalline α-MnO2
Authors: Kar Aishwarya S. , Saha Abhijit , Chandane Annapurna , Kumar Sumit , Tomar Bhupendra S.
Published: November 2017

U(VI) sorption on nano-crystalline α-MnO2 was studied in NaClO4 medium as a function of pH by batch sorption method in presence and absence of carbonate and subsequently employing surface complexation modeling (SCM) to predict species responsible for U(VI) sorption. The kinetic study of U(VI) sorption on nano-crystalline α-MnO2 was carried out to fix the time of equilibration. In presence of carbonate, U(VI) sorption on nano-crystalline α-MnO2 increases with pH of the suspension, leveling off in the pH range 5–8.5 thereafter decreasing at higher pH. However, in absence of carbonate, U(VI) sorption on nano-crystalline α-MnO2 remains close to 100% at pH>5. The difference in sorption behavior of uranium in the presence and absence of carbonate can be explained in terms of uranium speciation in the two systems. The dissolution of nano-crystalline α-MnO2 was studied in presence and absence of carbonate to ascertain its role in sorption. Surface complexation modeling was satisfactorily able to explain the sorption phenomena in all the systems. In addition, U(VI) sorption on nano-crystalline α-MnO2 was compared with literature data on U(VI) sorption by δ-MnO2.
Der Begriff der Freiheit im Kapital
Authors: Hollewedde Sabine
Published: November 2017

Im
Die Akkumulation des Kapitals – das Bewegungsgesetz der modernen Gesellschaft
Authors: Fiehler Fritz
Published: November 2017

Der „letzte Endzweck dieses Werks“ schreibt Marx, bestehe darin „das ökonomische Bewegungsgesetz der modernen Gesellschaft zu enthüllen“. Ist das eine Anspielung auf die von Herder, Kant und Hegel geführte Debatte über Geschichte und Gesellschaft? Der Beitrag untersucht das allgemeine Gesetz der kapitalistischen Akkumulation unter den Aspekten der Mystifikation, Klassen und Legitimation. Im Ergebnis stellt sich das Gesetz als das einer Zeit des Übergangs heraus.
Freiheit, Arbeit, Selbstverwirklichung
Authors: Kuhne Frank
Published: November 2017

Marx bestätigt im
Von den allgemeinen Eigenschaften, Arbeitsprodukt und abstrakt menschliche Arbeit zu sein, zum Wert und zum „Doppelcharakter der Arbeit“
Authors: Wolf Dieter
Published: November 2017

Die allgemeinen Eigenschaften, Arbeitsprodukt und abstrakt menschliche Arbeit zu sein, sind transhistorische Eigenschaften der Gebrauchswerte respektive der konkret nützlichen Arbeiten. Die transhistorischen allgemeinen Eigenschaften werden folglich im Austauschverhältnis weder durch die Gleichsetzung noch durch die sogenannte „Tauschabstraktion“ geschaffen. Der besondere gesellschaftliche Charakter des Austauschverhältnisses bewirkt aber, dass sie zusätzlich die gesellschaftliche Form des Werts bzw. der formbestimmten abstrakt menschlichen Arbeit erhalten. Was bedeutet deren Erklärung für die Darstellungsweise am Anfang des
Hermann Patsch: Der unpfäffische Schleiermacher. Karl Gutzkow und das Schleiermacher-Bild des Jungen Deutschlands – Zur Konstruktion eines Gegenmythos
Authors: Patsch Hermann
Published: November 2017

The non-clerical („unpfäffisch“) Schleiermacher. Karl Glutzkow and the Schleiermacher image of Young Germany. Towards a construction of a countermyth. After Friedrich Schleiermacher’s death on February 12, 1834, his disciples and his family endeavoured to idealize him as an exemplary figure of the church by publishing a complete edition of his published and unpublished works as well as a selection from his letters. (1) Schleiermacher’s Christian death („christliche Euthanasie“). This endeveaour began with the sermons delivered at the funeral and the notes of his wife, Henriette Schleiermacher, about his pious death. (2) Gutzkow’s obituary in the „Allgemeine Zeitung“. The journalist Gutzkow in particular protested against this portrayal in an obituary in which the old Schleiermacher was declared to have been senile and without substantial importance for the present time. On the other hand, an image of the young Schleiermacher, the friend of the Romantics, was to be preserved for the younger generation. (3) The replies of Schleiermacher’s disciples. A forthright reply to Gutzkow’s obituary appeared in the same journal. His view was contradicted by means of an extensive biographical sketch by Friedrich Lücke, one of Schleiermacher’s disciples. (4) Gutzkow’s publication of „Schleiermacher’s Vertraute Briefe über Friedrich Schlegels Lucinde“. Gutzkow supported his view with a new edition of Schleiermacher’s early work, to which he added a provocative preface. As a result, the edition was banned. (5) Abuse of Schleiermacher or a gallant service to him? The reception of the „Vertraute Briefe“. The reactions were divided between considering the work as an early youthful indiscretion of Schleiermacher, and the idea of an intellectual identity running through Schleiermacher’s whole life. The other authors of Young German aligned themselves with Gutzkow. (6) The end of the myth of Schleiermacher: Gutzkow’s „Wally. Die Zweiflerin“. This novel, which derives the protagonist’s suicide from his religious doubts, caused the literary movement Young Germany to be banned in all of Germany, and also led to the imprisonment of the author. In the novel itself, Schleiermacher’s role is rather minor. Later on, Gutzkow did not renew the image of an non-clerical Schleiermacher. – I shall also re-edit a conventional obituary, Gutzkow’s obituary as well as an anonymous reply in the Allgemeine Zeitung (Augsburg).
A raising doubts about the suitability of compulsory national curriculum of sex education in multicultural democracy: Croatia’s case
Authors: Kokić Tonći
Published: November 2017

Educational policy in Croatia is facing serious problems due to disagreement on introduction of sex education in the national curriculum. This article combines two perspectives in defining the theoretically and practically relevant issues of implementing the sex education curriculum. From the ‘top down perspective’ it observes stakeholders’ arguments which are not in accordance on ‘what to do’ (they are not in ‘practical accordance’). Later on, from the ‘bottom up perspective’, the author observes how practical value judgments depend on silent (unspoken) theoretical (concepts of knowledge and of what it means to be human) and practical premises (derived from normative sources). This article defines the frame of the open question of contemporary philosophy on logical procedures of fair and rational resolution of different viewpoints. When faced with practical disagreement, the author argues that the communication ethics of argumentation should consist of discussion topics on theoretical premises: can question postulates of the opposing side – their truthfulness, sincerity and desirability. While exploring differences in attitudes, this article by default analyzes tacit premises of those who implement the compulsory national curriculum on sex education. The basic assumption for problem resolution related to implementation of the sex education curriculum is in reaching an understanding about theoretical premises, and not in proving one’s own attitudes and ideas of how to actualize the plan. Understanding theoretical premises provides a way to establish common ground as a basis and starting point for discussion. Although existing solutions indicate general possibility for compulsory national sex education curriculum in multicultural democracy, in this case common ground is not reached.
Frecuencia de los hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos poscosecha en el pedúnculo de la piña en dos zonas de Costa Rica
Authors: Castro Chinchilla Johanny , Umaña Rojas Gerardina
Published: November 2017

La piña es uno de los principales cultivos de exportación en Costa Rica y la presencia de moho en el pedúnculo afecta su calidad en los mercados internacionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar en frutos de piña, en la cera aplicada sobre la fruta y en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento, la frecuencia de los principales hongos asociados al desarrollo de mohos en el pedúnculo. Se realizó un muestreo mensual de abril de 2012 a marzo de 2013 en empacadoras de Sarapiquí y Puntarenas, Costa Rica. En cada empacadora se muestreó: frutos luego del proceso-comercial que se realiza para exportación y almacenamiento, la cera aplicada sobre la superficie de las frutas y el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento. Se realizó un análisis de frecuencia de los principales hongos recuperados por muestreo en cada zona, para la cáscara y el pedúnculo, la cera y el aire. Además, se comparó el crecimiento in vitro a 18°C de los hongos más frecuentes al finalizar los muestreos. El hongo más frecuente en las cámaras de enfriamiento, el pedúnculo y la cáscara de ambas zonas y en la cera de Sarapiquí fue Penicillium diversum, con valores entre 7% y 100%. Mientras que en la cera de Puntarenas únicamente destacó la presencia de un grupo de hongos de micelio blanco. P. purpureogenum, Penicillium sp., Talaromyces calidicanius y Cladosporium sp., fueron microorganismos también recuperados con alta frecuencia tanto en la fruta como en el aire de las cámaras de enfriamiento de ambas empacadoras. P. purpureogenum, P. diversum y T. calidicanius fueron las especies con mayor crecimiento in vitro. Se concluyó que el manejo integrado de P. diversum, P. purpureogenum y T. calidicanius es necesario si se desea evitar el desarrollo de moho en el pedúnculo de la piña.