bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cohabiting adult children's transfers to parents in the United States
Authors: Patterson Sarah E.
Published: August 2022

Objective

This brief report presents national estimates of transfers of time and money from cohabiting adult children (ages 18–65) to their parents (own and in‐laws) to test whether cohabiting adults give differently from their counterparts.

Background

Previous US studies use data collected in the late 1980s and mid‐1990s, when cohabitation was an emerging family form; they find mixed results. Rising rates of cohabitation and an aging population of parents who may rely on transfers from adult children necessitate updated estimates that can help develop the theory of institutionalization of cohabitation.

Method

This study used the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics Rosters and Transfers Module, a sample of US households (N = 6340), and logistic and negative binomial models to estimate the likelihood of giving any time or any money to parents by the respondent's union status, the amounts given, and parent type (own, in‐laws).

Results

Cohabitors were less likely to give time to their own parents than their never married counterparts, and gave fewer hours, but were more likely to give time and gave more hours than married adults. For financial transfers to own parents, cohabitors and married respondents gave similarly, but both were less likely to give any money than were single respondents. Cohabitators gave more hours to their in‐laws than married respondents.

Conclusion

Cohabitors behave somewhere in‐between marital “greedy institution” norms and broader norms of solidarity with parents. More work should be done to understand how union status affects transfers to parents.
The language ideologies of multilingual nannies in London
Authors: Vessey Rachelle , Nicolai Elena
Published: August 2022

In the globalized economy, multilingualism is increasingly perceived as a way of maximizing competitiveness, even in the family home. In the United Kingdom, multilingualism has become an asset for nannies, granting privileged access to a niche job market. Adopting the theoretical lens of language ideology, we identify sites and forms of language evaluation within the nannies’ discursive construction of their language work. Using thematic analysis of interview and focus group data with nannies, we examine how nannies represent their English and L1 language practices, verbalizations, and embodiments. Findings suggest that, rather than language practices, it is the verbalization of the symbolic value of multilingualism (normally through the medium of English) that grants nannies an advantageous position in the market. This market is made possible by upper‐middle‐class families, whose privileging of specific languages and speakers perpetuates eliteness, gendered language work, and problematic approaches to second language learning.
Anti‐PANoptosis is involved in neuroprotective effects of melatonin in acute ocular hypertension model
Authors: Ye Dan , Xu Yue , Shi Yuxun , Fan Matthew , Lu Peng , Bai Xue , Feng Yanlin , Hu Chenyang , Cui Kaixuan , Tang Xiaoyu , Liao Jing , Huang Wei , Xu Fan , Liang Xiaoling , Huang Jingjing
Published: August 2022

Acute ocular hypertension (AOH) is the most important characteristic of acute glaucoma, which can lead to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and permanent vision loss. So far, approved effective therapy is still lacking in acute glaucoma. PANoptosis (pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis), which consists of three key modes of programmed cell death—apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis—may contribute to AOH‐induced RGC death. Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) exerts a neuroprotective effect in many retinal degenerative diseases. However, whether melatonin is anti‐PANoptotic and neuroprotective in the progression of acute glaucoma remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the role of melatonin in AOH retinas and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that melatonin treatment attenuated the loss of ganglion cell complex thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and RGC after AOH injury, and improved the amplitudes of a‐wave, b‐wave, and oscillatory potentials in the electroretinogram. Additionally, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling‐positive cells was decreased, and the upregulation of cleaved caspase‐8, cleaved caspase‐3, Bax, and Bad and downregulation of Bcl‐2 and p‐Bad were inhibited after melatonin administration. Meanwhile, both the expression and activation of MLKL, RIP1, and RIP3, along with the number of PI‐positive cells, were reduced in melatonin‐treated mice, and p‐RIP3 was in both RGC and microglia/macrophage after AOH injury. Furthermore, melatonin reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase‐1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and cleaved GSDMD, and decreased the number of Iba1/interleukin‐1β‐positive cells. In conclusion, melatonin ameliorated retinal structure, prevented retinal dysfunction after AOH, and exerted a neuroprotective effect via inhibition of PANoptosis in AOH retinas.
Ultrasound-assisted encapsulation of curcumin and fisetin into Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells: a multistage batch process protocol
Authors: de Andrade E.W.V. , Hoskin R.T. , da Silva Pedrini M.R.
Published: August 2022

Some of the challenges of yeast encapsulation protocols are low phytochemical internalization rates and limited intracellular compartments of yeasts. This study uses an ultrasound-assisted batch encapsulation (UABE) protocol to optimize the encapsulation of curcumin and fisetin by recovering nonencapsulated biomaterial and further incorporating it into nonloaded yeasts in three encapsulation stages (1ES, 2ES and 3ES). The effect of selected acoustic energies (166·7 and 333·3 W l−1) on the encapsulation efficiency (EE), yield (EY) and antioxidant activity retention were evaluated, and then, compared with a control process (without ultrasound treatment). Compared to the control, enhanced EEs were achieved for both curcumin (10·9% control to 58·5% UABE) and fisetin (18·6% control to 76·6% UABE) after 3ES and the use of 333·3 W l−1. Similarly, the yeast maximum loading capacity was improved from 6·6 to 13·4 mg g−1 for curcumin and from 11·1 to 26·4 mg g−1 for fisetin after UABE protocol. The antioxidant activity of produced biocapsules was positively correlated with the bioactive-loaded content of yeasts when ultrasound treatment was applied. Overall, results from this study provide valuable information regarding UABE processes, and moreover, bring new and creative perspectives for ultrasound technology in the food industry.
Coordinated neutron and X‐ray computed tomography of meteorites: Detection and distribution of hydrogen‐bearing materials
Authors: Treiman Allan H. , LaManna Jacob M. , Hussey Daniel S. , deClue Isabella , Anovitz Lawrence M.
Published: August 2022

The presence and distribution of hydrogen‐bearing materials in meteorites are important constraints on processes in the early solar system, and the delivery of volatile constituents to growing planets. Here, we show that coordinated neutron and X‐ray computed tomography, NXCT, can reveal the presence and distributions of hydrogen‐bearing materials in meteorites, and thus help constrain the presence and actions of water in the early solar system. NXCT is nearly nondestructive of meteorite samples. Neutron fluence in NXCT is approximately seven orders of magnitude less than in typical instrumental neutron activation analysis, and so produces little residual radioactivity and currently undetectable changes in isotope ratios. Heating during NXCT is minimal, but NXCT will overprint the record of cosmic ray exposure held in natural thermoluminescence. Two meteorites were examined. EET 87503 is a howardite, a regolith breccia inferred to be from the asteroid 4 Vesta, and contains fragments of eucrite basalt, diogenite pyroxenite, and H‐rich carbonaceous chondrites. With NXCT, the chondrite fragments within the meteorite piece can be clearly located and characterized, in preparation for possible extraction and detailed analyses. Graves Nunataks (GRA) 06100 is a CR2 chondrite meteorite that contains abundant iron metal and H‐bearing silicates from aqueous alteration. In NXCT, H‐bearing altered material is clearly distinguished from metal, and its distribution in three dimensions is revealed as a constraint on the processes of alteration.
The formation of stipule requires the coordinated actions of the legume orthologs of Arabidopsis BLADE‐ON‐PETIOLE and LEAFY
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Wang Xiao , Han Lu , Zhang Jing , Xie Yangyang , Li Jie , Wang Zeng‐Yu , Wen Jiangqi , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Zhou Chuanen
Published: August 2022

Stipule morphology is a classical botanical key character used in plant identification. Stipules are considerably diverse in size, function and architecture, such as leaf‐like stipules, spines or tendrils. However, the molecular mechanism that regulates stipule identity remains largely unknown.

We isolated mutants with abnormal stipules. The mutated gene encodes the NODULE ROOT1 (MtNOOT1), which is the ortholog of BLADE‐ON‐PETIOLE (BOP) in Medicago truncatula. We also obtained mutants of MtNOOT2, the homolog of MtNOOT1, but they do not show obvious defects in stipules.

The mtnoot1 mtnoot2 double mutant shows a higher proportion of transformation from stipules to leaflet‐like stipules than the single mutants, suggesting that they redundantly determine stipule identity. Further investigations show that MtNOOTs control stipule initiation together with SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), which functions in development of lateral leaflets. Increasing SGL1 activity in mtnoot1 mtnoot2 is sufficient for the transformation of stipules to leaves. Moreover, MtNOOTs inhibit SGL1 expression during stipule development, which is probably conserved in legume species.

Our study proposes a genetic regulatory model for stipule development, specifically with regard to the MtNOOTs‐SGL1 module, which functions in two phases of stipule development, first in the control of stipule initiation and second in stipule patterning.
Genome architecture and diverged selection shaping pattern of genomic differentiation in wild barley
Authors: Zhang Wenying , Tan Cong , Hu Haifei , Pan Rui , Xiao Yuhui , Ouyang Kai , Zhou Gaofeng , Jia Yong , Zhang Xiao‐Qi , Hill Camilla Beate , Wang Penghao , Chapman Brett , Han Yong , Xu Le , Xu Yanhao , Angessa Tefera , Luo Hao , Westcott Sharon , Sharma Darshan , Nevo Eviatar , Barrero Roberto A. , Bellgard Matthew I. , He Tianhua , Tian Xiaohai , Li Chengdao
Published: August 2022

Divergent selection of populations in contrasting environments leads to functional genomic divergence. However, the genomic architecture underlying heterogeneous genomic differentiation remains poorly understood. Here, we de novo assembled two high‐quality wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch) genomes and examined genomic differentiation and gene expression patterns under abiotic stress in two populations. These two populations had a shared ancestry and originated in close geographic proximity but experienced different selective pressures due to their contrasting micro‐environments. We identified structural variants that may have played significant roles in affecting genes potentially associated with well‐differentiated phenotypes such as flowering time and drought response between two wild barley genomes. Among them, a 29‐bp insertion into the promoter region formed a cis‐regulatory element in the HvWRKY45 gene, which may contribute to enhanced tolerance to drought. A single SNP mutation in the promoter region may influence HvCO5 expression and be putatively linked to local flowering time adaptation. We also revealed significant genomic differentiation between the two populations with ongoing gene flow. Our results indicate that SNPs and small SVs link to genetic differentiation at the gene level through local adaptation and are maintained through divergent selection. In contrast, large chromosome inversions may have shaped the heterogeneous pattern of genomic differentiation along the chromosomes by suppressing chromosome recombination and gene flow. Our research offers novel insights into the genomic basis underlying local adaptation and provides valuable resources for the genetic improvement of cultivated barley.
Labor union, between group inequality, and individual attitudes toward redistribution
Authors: Han Sung Min , Ye Fangjin
Published: August 2022

Objectives

We attempt to examine how union membership affects redistributive attitudes. We argue that the impact of union membership on support for redistributive policies is conditional on the economic inequality between the union and nonunion members (between group inequality [BGI]). When BGI is high, unions have less incentive to emphasize the solidaristic redistributive norm because the majority of union members would not be the beneficiaries of government redistribution.

Methods

We employ multilevel modeling using the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) datasets that cover 39 countries between 1985 and 2010.

Results

We find that the positive effect of union membership on individual support for redistributive policies decreases as the level of BGI increases.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the importance of group‐level inequality as the contextual factor in explaining the nexus between union membership and preferences for government redistribution. It also suggests that unions play a substantial role in shaping members’ attitudes toward government policies in general.
Modelling relative abundance of Oligoryzomys flavescens, an Orthohantavirus reservoir, in an endemic hantavirus pulmonary syndrome zone
Authors: Vadell María Victoria , Fischer Carlos González , Codesido Mariano , Carbajo Aníbal , Bilenca David , Gómez Villafañe Isabel E.
Published: August 2022

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a zoonotic emerging infectious disease caused by New World orthohantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) hosted by rodents of the family Cricetidae. In Argentina, one of its main hosts is the sigmodontine rodent Oligoryzomys flavescens, a widely distributed mouse of the Pampas, Delta and Espinal ecoregions of central‐east Argentina. Because the abundance of the reservoir and its proportion in the rodent community affects both virus prevalence and human exposure risk, its estimation throughout its known geographical distribution is of key importance for the design of public health strategies to prevent HPS. The aim of this study was therefore to model the relative abundance of O. flavescens in most of the Pampas ecoregion within Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, where hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is endemic. To do this we used owl‐pellet samples collected between 2006 and 2008 from 51 sites distributed throughout most of Buenos Aires province. Mammalian prey in each pellet was identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level by examination of the skulls, dentaries and molars. We modelled the frequency of O. flavescens found in each sample as a function of climatic, environmental, and topographic data of each site. The two best models were applied to a Geo referential Information System to build maps of estimated frequency (as a proxy of relative abundance) within Buenos Aires province. Estimated relative abundance of O. flavescens in Buenos Aires province was significantly associated with annual mean temperature, annual precipitation and presence of freshwater bodies, and varied among sub‐regions, with the Inland and Rolling Pampas being the regions with highest frequencies. Knowing in which areas O. flavescens abundance is expected to be higher can be used to concentrate limited sanitary efforts in those areas that are most needed in order to reduce transmission and increase detection.
Automatic Well Test Interpretation Method for Circular Reservoirs With Changing Wellbore Storage Using One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liu Xuliang , Zha Wenshu , Li Daolun , Li Xiang , Shen Luhang
Published: August 2022

In order to develop reservoirs rationally, accurate reservoir parameters are usually obtained through well test analysis. However, a good deal of well test data with changing wellbore storage characteristics bring difficulties to the current well test interpretation, so it is important to find a valid interpretation method for changing well storage reserves data. This paper proposed an automatic well test interpretation method based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) for circular reservoir with changing wellbore storage. Compared with two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D CNN), 1D CNN significantly reduces the computational complexity and time cost. The CNN takes pressure change and pressure derivative data of the log–log plot as input and reservoir parameters as output of network. This method applies two 1D CNNs respectively to fit two types of reservoir parameters, one type includes CDe2s, CαD, and CϕD and the other type is boundary distance R. In addition, the training samples of the two networks are different according to different parameters. The two-network approach reduces the difficulty of extracting curve characteristics and improves interpretation ability. The effectiveness of this method is proved by the field data in Daqing oilfield. The method greatly improves the working efficiency of well test interpreters and can be widely used.
A Proposed Pressure–Viscosity Coefficient Model Through Processing of Falling Body Viscometry Data for Di-(Ethylhexyl) Sebacate
Authors: Sadinski Robert J. , Hager Carl H. , Hannon William M.
Published: August 2022

The relative volume and falling body viscosity of a common high-pressure rheology reference lubricant, di-(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DEHS), are presented. Relative volume measurements up to 300 MPa are completed with a piezo-bellows relative volume cartridge. Viscosity measurements up to 1 GPa are completed with a pressurized falling body viscometer. Digital signal-processing routines used for viscosity and relative volume measurements are discussed. The viscosity data are then fit into the modified Yasutomi model. Integration of this fit, as well as that of other models found in the literature, is used to propose a pressure–viscosity coefficient model. Comparisons are first made to DEHS, followed by the application of the study results to 17 other well-documented fluids. The validity of this method is investigated using the integrated viscosity model of DEHS as well as other available datasets presented in literature. The authors perform a comparison between the calculated pressure–viscosity coefficient α* and those presented for the mentioned datasets created with the signal-processing routines. The analysis shows that the proposed pressure–viscosity coefficient model is able to accurately capture the inverse of the asymptotic isoviscous pressure response of the majority of data when compared to other calculation methods.
Thixotropic spectra and Ashby-style charts for thixotropy
Authors: Sen Samya , Ewoldt Randy H.
Published: August 2022

There is no universal model for thixotropy, and comparing thixotropic effects between different fluids is a subtle yet challenging problem. We introduce a generalized (model-insensitive) framework for comparing thixotropic properties based on thixotropic spectra. A superposition of exponential stress modes distributed over thixotropic time scales is used to quantify buildup and breakdown times and mode strengths in response to step-change input. This mathematical framework is tested with several experimental step-shear rate data on colloidal suspensions. Low-dimensional metrics based on moments of the distribution reveal characteristic average thixotropic properties, which are visualized on Ashby-style diagrams. This method outlines a framework for describing thixotropy across a diverse range of microstructures, supporting scientific studies as well as material selection for engineering design applications.
Adaptation of HIV-1/HIV-2 Chimeras with Defects in Genome Packaging and Viral Replication
Authors: Rawson Jonathan M. O. , Nikolaitchik Olga A. , Yoo Jennifer A. , Somoulay Xayathed , Brown Matthew A. , Mbuntcha Bogni Franck S. , Pathak Vinay K. , Soheilian Ferri , Slack Ryan L. , Sarafianos Stefan G. , Hu Wei-Shau
Published: August 2022

Novel retroviruses can emerge from recombination between distantly related retroviruses. Most notably, HIV-1 originated from zoonotic transmission of a novel recombinant (SIV
cpz
) into humans.
Metagenome-Assembled Genomes of Bacteria Associated with Massospora cicadina Fungal Plugs from Infected Brood VIII Periodical Cicadas
Authors: Ettinger Cassandra L. , Lovett Brian , Kasson Matt T. , Stajich Jason E.
Published: August 2022

We report six metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) associated with
Massospora cicadina
strain MCPNR19 (ARSEF 14555), an obligate entomopathogenic fungus of periodical cicadas. The MAGs include representatives of
Pantoea
,
Pseudomonas
,
Lactococcus
, and one potential new
Chryseobacterium
species. Future research is needed to resolve the ecology of these MAGs and determine whether they represent symbionts or contaminants.
Systematic Analysis of Mobile Genetic Elements Mediating β-Lactamase Gene Amplification in Noncarbapenemase-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant
Enterobacterales
Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Shropshire W. C. , Konovalova A. , McDaneld P. , Gohel M. , Strope B. , Sahasrabhojane P. , Tran C. N. , Greenberg D. , Kim J. , Zhan X. , Aitken S. , Bhatti M. , Savidge T. C. , Treangen T. J. , Hanson B. M. , Arias C. A. , Shelburne S. A.
Published: August 2022

Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacterales
(CRE) are considered urgent antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats. The vast majority of CRE research has focused on carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacterales
(CPE) even though noncarbapenemase-producing CRE (non-CP-CRE) comprise 50% or more of isolates in some surveillance studies.
Nitrogen and Iron Availability Drive Metabolic Remodeling and Natural Selection of Diverse Phytoplankton during Experimental Upwelling
Authors: Kolody B. C. , Smith S. R. , Zeigler Allen L. , McCrow J. P. , Moustafa A. , Shi D. , Hopkinson B. M. , Morel F. M. M. , Ward B. B. , Allen A. E.
Published: August 2022

Iron and nitrogen are the nutrients that most commonly limit phytoplankton growth in the world’s oceans. The utilization of these resources by phytoplankton sets the biomass available to marine systems and is of particular interest in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) coastal fisheries.
Free ISG15 Inhibits the Replication of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus by Breaking the Interaction of Nucleoprotein and Phosphoprotein
Authors: Tang Jingyu , Tang Aoxing , Jia Nannan , Du Hanyu , Liu Chuncao , Zhu Jie , Li Chuanfeng , Meng Chunchun , Liu Guangqing
Published: August 2022

PPRV, a widespread and fatal disease of small ruminants, is one of the most devastating animal diseases in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, causing severe economic losses. IFNs play an important role as a component of natural immunity against pathogens, yet the role of ISG15, an IFN-stimulated gene, in protecting against PPRV infection is currently unknown.
Successful treatment of ruptured multiple fusiform middle cerebral artery aneurysms with Silk Vista Baby flow diverter in a 10-month-old infant
Authors: Barchetti Giovanni , Di Clemente Loris , Mazzetto Mauro , Zanusso Mariano , Ferrarese Paola , Iannucci Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

We report the successful treatment of multiple ruptured fusiform middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms in a 10-month-old girl. This previously healthy infant presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and was found to have multiple irregular dilatations of the superior division branch of the right MCA. Cerebral angiography was performed and confirmed the presence of multiple fusiform aneurysms of the MCA. After discussion with the multidisciplinary team, it was decided to treat the aneurysms with a endovascular approach, using a flow diverter. Microsurgical clipping was deemed risky because of the high likelihood of parent artery occlusion, and expectant management was also considered inappropriate because of the risk of rebleeding. Dual antiplatelet therapy was started, and a flow diverter was successfully delivered in the superior division branch of the right MCA. The postoperative course was uneventful, MRI at 12 months did not show any sign of recurrence, and at 3 years of age the patient had a normal neurological examination.
Hypertriglyceridaemia in pregnancy: an unexpected diagnosis and its management
Authors: Barclay Kathryn , Koysombat Kanyada , Padmagirison Radhika , Kaplan Felicity
Published: August 2022

A woman in her 30s with gestational diabetes presented at 36 weeks’ gestation with reduced fetal movements and diminishing insulin requirements. In view of her gestation, she was induced and incidentally found to have profound hyponatraemia. Further biochemical investigations confirmed severe hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. This raises the possibility of secondary causes such as familial dysbetalipoproteinemia and polygenetic hypertriglyceridaemia. She was successfully managed by aggressive dietary modification. This involved a supervised fast followed by a fat-free diet. A fenofibrate was proposed but declined due to our patient’s wish to breastfeed. Management required considerable input from the multidisciplinary team. Treatment options to consider are aggressive dietary restriction of fat or the addition of a cholesterol-lowering medication, such as a fibrate. In refractory cases, a supervised fast may be required or, in cases where complications have arisen, apheresis. The patient and her baby made a good recovery with no long-lasting health implications.
Genetic treatment for autosomal dominant inherited retinal dystrophies: approaches, challenges and targeted genotypes
Authors: Daich Varela Malena , Georgiadis Anastasios , Michaelides Michel
Published: August 2022

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) have been in the front line of gene therapy development for the last decade, providing a useful platform to test novel therapeutic approaches. More than 40 clinical trials have been completed or are ongoing, tackling autosomal recessive and X-linked conditions, mostly through adeno-associated viral vector delivery of a normal copy of the disease-causing gene. However, only recently has autosomal dominant (ad) disease been targeted, with the commencement of a trial for rhodopsin (RHO)-associated retinitis pigmentosa (RP), implementing antisense oligonucleotide (AON) therapy, with promising preliminary results (NCT04123626).

Autosomal dominant RP represents 15%–25% of all RP, withRHOaccounting for 20%–30% of these cases. Autosomal dominant macular and cone-rod dystrophies (MD/CORD) correspond to approximately 7.5% of all IRDs, and approximately 35% of all MD/CORD cases, with the main causative gene beingBEST1. Autosomal dominant IRDs are not only less frequent than recessive, but also tend to be less severe and have later onset; for example, an individual withRHO-adRP would typically become severely visually impaired at an age 2–3 times older than in X-linkedRPGR-RP.

Gain-of-function and dominant negative aetiologies are frequently seen in the prevalent adRP genesRHO,RP1andPRPF31among others, which would not be effectively addressed by gene supplementation alone and need creative, novel approaches. Zinc fingers, RNA interference, AON, translational read-through therapy, and gene editing by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas are some of the strategies that are currently under investigation and will be discussed here.
Primary surgery versus primary rehabilitation for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a living systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Saueressig Tobias , Braun Tobias , Steglich Nora , Diemer Frank , Zebisch Jochen , Herbst Maximilian , Zinser Wolfgang , Owen Patrick J , Belavy Daniel L
Published: August 2022

Objective

Compare the effectiveness of primarily surgical versus primarily rehabilitative management for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture.

Design

Living systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

Six databases, six trial registries and prior systematic reviews. Forward and backward citation tracking was employed.

Eligibility criteria

Randomised controlled trials that compared primary reconstructive surgery and primary rehabilitative treatment with or without optional reconstructive surgery.

Data synthesis

Bayesian random effects meta-analysis with empirical priors for the OR and standardised mean difference and 95% credible intervals (CrI), Cochrane RoB2, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to judge the certainty of evidence.

Results

Of 9514 records, 9 reports of three studies (320 participants in total) were included. No clinically important differences were observed at any follow-up for self-reported knee function (low to very low certainty of evidence). For radiological knee osteoarthritis, we found no effect at very low certainty of evidence in the long term (OR (95% CrI): 1.45 (0.30 to 5.17), two studies). Meniscal damage showed no effect at low certainty of evidence (OR: 0.85 (95% CI 0.45 to 1.62); one study) in the long term. No differences were observed between treatments for any other secondary outcome. Three ongoing randomised controlled trials were identified.

Conclusions

There is low to very low certainty of evidence that primary rehabilitation with optional surgical reconstruction results in similar outcome measures as early surgical reconstruction for ACL rupture. The findings challenge a historical paradigm that anatomic instability should be addressed with primary surgical stabilisation to provide optimal outcomes.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021256537.
Diagnostic performance of mycological tests for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-haematological patients: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Meilu , Cheng Guilan , Xiong Chan , Xiao Wei , Du Long-yi , Mao Bing , Li Yu , Miao Ti-wei , Fu Juan-Juan
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Increasing numbers of patients with non-haematological diseases are infected with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), with a high mortality reported which is mainly due to delayed diagnosis. The diagnostic capability of mycological tests for IPA including galactomannan test, (1,3)-β-D-glucan test, lateral flow assay, lateral flow device and PCR for the non-haematological patients remains unknown. This protocol aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of mycological tests to facilitate the early diagnosis and treatments of IPA in non-haematological diseases.

Methods and analysis

Database including PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE will be searched from 2002 until the publication of results. Cohort or cross-sectional studies that assessing the diagnostic capability of mycological tests for IPA in patients with non-haematological diseases will be included. The true-positive, false-positive, true-negative and false-negative of each test will be extracted and pooled in bivariate random-effects model, by which the sensitivity and specificity will be calculated with 95% CI. The second outcomes will include positive (negative) likelihood ratio, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and diagnostic OR will also be computed in the bivariate model. When applicable, subgroup analysis will be performed with several prespecified covariates to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Factors that may impact the diagnostic effects of mycological tests will be examined by sensitivity analysis. The risk of bias will be appraised by the Quality Assessment tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2).

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol is not involved with ethics approval, and the results will be peer-reviewed and disseminated on a recognised journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021241820.
HIV knowledge, sexual practices, condom use and its associated factors among international students in one province of China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Qidi , Wu Weizi , Yi Mengyao , Shen Yan , Goldsamt Lloyd , Alkhatib Asem , Jiang Wenjing , Li Xianhong
Published: August 2022

Objective

China has seen an increasing number of international students in recent years, mostly from Africa and Asia. However, little is known about these students’ HIV knowledge, sexual practices and potential HIV risk. This study aimed to describe HIV-related risk among international students.

Design

An online cross-sectional survey.

Setting

10 universities situated in one province of China.

Participants

617 international students filled out the questionnaire and 607 international students were included in this study.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Socio-demographic and programme-related characteristics, HIV-related knowledge, sexual practices and other HIV/sexually transmitted infection-related variables. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with inconsistent condom use among international students.

Result

The results showed that in total, only 51.6% (313/607) of international students had adequate HIV-related knowledge, and 64.9% (394/607) reported not receiving any HIV related education or training while studying in China. Moreover, 32.3% (196/607) reported having penetrative sex including oral, vaginal and anal sex during the period in which they studied in China and among them. The proportions of inconsistent condom use in vaginal and oral intercourse while studying in China were 52.6% (50/95) and 79.5% (35/44), respectively, with casual partners, and 60% (80/129) and 91.2% (52/57) with regular partners, respectively. Female gender, being married and having multiple sexual partners were associated with inconsistent condom use.

Conclusion

The present study indicated that international students in one province of China have suboptimal HIV-related knowledge, significant unprotected sex, less HIV testing and less safe sex education, which highlights an urgent need to provide HIV education and related health services to international students in China.
Institutional delivery service utilisation and associated factors among mothers of childbearing age in Delgi District, Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study design
Authors: Oumer Mohammed , Aragie Hailu , Worede Amanuel Girma
Published: August 2022

Objective

This study aimed to assess the use of institutional delivery services and associated factors among Delgi District mothers of childbearing age.

Design

A community-based cross-sectional study design.

Setting

At five Kebeles in Delgi District, Northwest Ethiopia.

Participants

The study was performed on 403 childbearing age mothers using a structured questionnaire and a face-to-face interview. We used a systematic random sampling method to select the study participants.

Methods

The data were analysed using descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression analysis, and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Outcome

Institutional delivery service utilisation.

Results

In the present study, 75.9% (95% CI: 71.7% to 80.1%) of respondents used health facilities for their last delivery. After adjusting for covariates, diploma holders (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=5.63; 95% CI: 3.77 to 8.39), maternal age at 23–27 years (AOR=6.47; 95% CI: 2.74 to 15.32), divorced women (AOR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.75), husband’s primary education (AOR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.82), the distance required above 10 km to reach the health facility (AOR=0.17; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.72) and the time required above 4 hours to reach the health facility (AOR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.73) were significantly associated with institutional delivery service utilisation.

Conclusions

The majority of respondents utilised institutional delivery services in this study. High-level maternal education, younger maternal age, divorce marital status, low-level husband education, long distances to reach a health facility and prolonged time to reach a health facility were all independently linked to the use of institutional delivery services. One of the foundations for increasing institutional delivery service use is improving mother-waiting centres for delivery services, infrastructure and transportation services and awareness about institutional delivery services. Providing counselling services for mothers during antenatal care visits or house-to-house health education on institutional delivery services for rural residents will improve institutional delivery service use even more.
Development of an Australia and New Zealand Lung Cancer Clinical Quality Registry: a protocol paper
Authors: Smith Shantelle , Brand Margaret , Harden Susan , Briggs Lisa , Leigh Lillian , Brims Fraser , Brooke Mark , Brunelli Vanessa N , Chia Collin , Dawkins Paul , Lawrenson Ross , Duffy Mary , Evans Sue , Leong Tracy , Marshall Henry , Patel Dainik , Pavlakis Nick , Philip Jennifer , Rankin Nicole , Singhal Nimit , Stone Emily , Tay Rebecca , Vinod Shalini , Windsor Morgan , Wright Gavin M , Leong David , Zalcberg John , Stirling Rob G
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality, comprising the largest national cancer disease burden in Australia and New Zealand. Regional reports identify substantial evidence-practice gaps, unwarranted variation from best practice, and variation in processes and outcomes of care between treating centres. The Australia and New Zealand Lung Cancer Registry (ANZLCR) will be developed as a Clinical Quality Registry to monitor the safety, quality and effectiveness of lung cancer care in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods and analysis

Patient participants will include all adults >18 years of age with a new diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), SCLC, thymoma or mesothelioma. The ANZLCR will register confirmed diagnoses using opt-out consent. Data will address key patient, disease, management processes and outcomes reported as clinical quality indicators. Electronic data collection facilitated by local data collectors and local, state and federal data linkage will enhance completeness and accuracy. Data will be stored and maintained in a secure web-based data platform overseen by registry management. Central governance with binational representation from consumers, patients and carers, governance, administration, health department, health policy bodies, university research and healthcare workers will provide project oversight.

Ethics and dissemination

The ANZLCR has received national ethics approval under the National Mutual Acceptance scheme. Data will be routinely reported to participating sites describing performance against measures of agreed best practice and nationally to stakeholders including federal, state and territory departments of health. Local, regional and (bi)national benchmarks, augmented with online dashboard indicator reporting will enable local targeting of quality improvement efforts.
COVID-19 in Portugal: a retrospective review of paediatric cases, hospital and PICU admissions in the first pandemic year
Authors: Elias Cecilia , Feteira-Santos Rodrigo , Camarinha Catarina , de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Costa Andreia Silva , Bacelar-Nicolau Leonor , Furtado Cristina , Nogueira Paulo Jorge
Published: August 2022

Background

COVID-19 is considered by WHO a pandemic with public health emergency repercussions. Children often develop a mild disease with good prognosis and the recognition of children at risk is essential to successfully manage paediatric COVID-19. Quality epidemiological surveillance data are required to characterise and assess the pandemic.

Methods

Data on all reported paediatric COVID-19 cases, in Portugal, were retrospectively assessed from a fully anonymised dataset provided by the Directorate General for Health (DGS). Paediatric hospital admission results were obtained from the DGS vaccine recommendations and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission results from the EPICENTRE.PT group. Reported cases and PICU admissions from March 2020 to February 2021 and hospital admissions between March and December 2020 were analysed.

Results

92 051 COVID-19 cases were studied, 50.5% males, average age of 10.1 years, corresponding to 5.4% of children in Portugal. The most common symptoms were cough and fever, whereas gastrointestinal symptoms were infrequent. The most common comorbidity was asthma. A high rate of missing surveillance data was noticed, on presentation of disease and comorbidity variables, which warrants a cautious interpretation of results. Hospital admission was required in 0.93% of cases and PICU on 3.48 per 10 000 cases. PICU admission for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) was more frequent in children with no comorbidities and males, severe COVID-19 was rarer and occurred mainly in females and infants. Case fatality rate and mortality rates were low, 1.8 per 100 000 cases and 1.2 per 1 000 000 cases, respectively.

Conclusions

The overall reported case incidence was 5.4 per 100 children and adolescents and <1% of cases required hospital admission. MIS-C was more frequent in patients with no comorbidities and males. Mortality and case fatality rates were low. Geographic adapted strategies, and information systems to facilitate surveillance are required to improve surveillance data quality.
Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion of bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in neonates: a randomised control trial (CANWIN Study)
Authors: Popat Himanshu , Angiti Rajeshwar , Jyoti Jeewan , Webb Annabel , Barnes Elizabeth , Halliday Robert , Badawi Nadia , de Lima Jonathan , Spence Kaye , Thomas Gordon , Shun Albert
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine the effect of continuous wound infusion of local anaesthetic drug (bupivacaine) on total amount of systemic opioid use in the first 72 hours in newborn infants undergoing laparotomy.

Design

A two-arm parallel, open-label randomised controlled trial.

Setting

A quaternary newborn intensive care unit.

Patients

Infants>37 weeks of gestation undergoing laparotomy for congenital or acquired abdominal conditions.

Interventions

Continuous wound infusion of local anaesthetic (bupivacaine) for the first 72 hours along with systemic opioid analgesia (catheter group) or only systemic opioid analgesia (opioid group).

Main outcome

Total amount of systemic opioid used within the first 72 hours post laparotomy.

Results

The study was underpowered as only 30 of the expected sample size of 70 infants were enrolled. 16 were randomised to catheter group and 14 to opioid group. The two groups were similar at baseline. There was no significant difference between the groups for the primary outcome of median total systemic opioid use in the first 72 hours post laparotomy (catheter 431.5 µg/kg vs opioid 771 µg/kg, difference −339.5 µg/kg, 90% CIhigh 109, p value 0.28). There was no significant difference between the groups for any of the secondary outcomes including pain scores, duration of mechanical ventilation, time to reach full feeds and duration of hospital stay. There were no adverse events noted.

Conclusion

Continuous wound infusion of local anaesthetic along with systemic opioid analgesia is feasible. The lack of a difference in total systemic opioid use in the first 72 hours cannot be reliably interpreted as the study was underpowered.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12610000633088.
Mobile health adherence for the detection of recurrent recent-onset atrial fibrillation
Authors: van der Velden Rachel M J , Pluymaekers Nikki A H A , Dudink Elton A M P , Luermans Justin G L M , Meeder Joan G , Heesen Wilfred F , Lenderink Timo , Widdershoven Jos W M G , Bucx Jeroen J J , Rienstra Michiel , Kamp Otto , van Opstal Jurren M , Kirchhof Charles J H J , van Dijk Vincent F , Swart Henk P , Alings Marco , Van Gelder Isabelle C , Crijns Harry J G M , Linz Dominik
Published: August 2022

Objective

The Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion Trial 7–Acute Cardioversion versus Wait and See trial compared early to delayed cardioversion for patients with recent-onset symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aims to evaluate the adherence to a 4-week mobile health (mHealth) prescription to detect AF recurrences after an emergency department visit.

Methods

After the emergency department visit, the 437 included patients, irrespective of randomisation arm (early or delayed cardioversion), were asked to record heart rate and rhythm for 1 min three times daily and in case of symptoms by an electrocardiography-based handheld device for 4 weeks (if available). Adherence was appraised as number of performed measurements per number of recordings asked from the patient and was evaluated for longitudinal adherence consistency. All patients who used the handheld device were included in this subanalysis.

Results

335 patients (58% males; median age 67 (IQR 11) years) were included. The median overall adherence of all patients was 83.3% (IQR 29.9%). The median number of monitoring days was 27 out of 27 (IQR 5), whereas the median number of full monitoring days was 16 out of 27 (IQR 14). Higher age and a previous paroxysm of AF were identified as multivariable adjusted factors associated with adherence.

Conclusions

In this randomised trial, a 4-week mHealth prescription to monitor for AF recurrences after an emergency department visit for recent-onset AF was feasible with 85.7% of patients consistently using the device with at least one measurement per day. Older patients were more adherent.

Trial registration number

NCT02248753.
A founderUMODvariant is a common cause of hereditary nephropathy in the British population
Authors: Valluru Manoj K , Chung Noelle KX , Gilchrist Mark , Butland Laura , Cook Jackie , Takou Anna , Dixit Abhijit , Weedon Michael N , Ong Albert C M
Published: August 2022

Background

Monogenic disorders are estimated to account for 10%–12% of patients with kidney failure. We report the unexpected finding of an unusual uromodulin(UMOD)variant in multiple pedigrees within the British population and demonstrate a shared haplotype indicative of an ancestral variant.

Methods

Probands from 12 apparently unrelated pedigrees with a family history of kidney failure within a geographically contiguous UK region were shown to be heterozygous for a pathogenic variant ofUMODc.278_289delTCTGCCCCGAAG insCCGCCTCCT.

Results

A total of 88 clinically affected individuals were identified, all born in the UK and of white British ethnicity. 20 other individuals with the variant were identified in the UK 100,000 Genomes (100K) Project and 9 from UK Biobank (UKBB). A common extended haplotype was present in 5 of the UKBB individuals who underwent genome sequencing which was only present in <1 in 5000 of UKBB controls. Significantly, rare variants (<1 in 250 general population) identified within 1 Mb of theUMODvariant by genome sequencing were detected in all of the 100K individuals, indicative of an extended shared haplotype.

Conclusion

Our data confirm a likely founderUMODvariant with a wide geographical distribution within the UK. It should be suspected in cases of unexplained familial nephropathy presenting in patients of white British ancestry.