bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interactome of Cancer-Related Lysyl Oxidase and Lysyl Oxidase-Like Proteins
Authors: Vallet Sylvain D. , Berthollier Coline , Salza Romain , Muller Laurent , Ricard-Blum Sylvie
Published: December 2020

The members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family are amine oxidases, which initiate the covalent cross-linking of the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulate ECM stiffness, and contribute to cancer progression. The aim of this study was to build the first draft of the interactome of the five members of the LOX family in order to determine its molecular functions, the biological and signaling pathways mediating these functions, the biological processes it is involved in, and if and how it is rewired in cancer. In vitro binding assays, based on surface plasmon resonance and bio-layer interferometry, combined with queries of interaction databases and interaction datasets, were used to retrieve interaction data. The interactome was then analyzed using computational tools. We identified 31 new interactions and 14 new partners of LOXL2, including the α5β1 integrin, and built an interactome comprising 320 proteins, 5 glycosaminoglycans, and 399 interactions. This network participates in ECM organization, degradation and cross-linking, cell-ECM interactions mediated by non-integrin and integrin receptors, protein folding and chaperone activity, organ and blood vessel development, cellular response to stress, and signal transduction. We showed that this network is rewired in colorectal carcinoma, leading to a switch from ECM organization to protein folding and chaperone activity.
Top 5 Cited Papers in the Section of Biocatalysis
Authors: Topakas Evangelos
Published: December 2020

I have the honor of writing this editorial note on the top 5 cited papers published in 2018 in the section of Biocatalysis of the Catalyst journal [...]
Simple and Rapid Non-Enzymatic Procedure Allows the Isolation of Structurally Preserved Connective Tissue Micro-Fragments Enriched with SVF
Authors: Busato Alice , De Francesco Francesco , Biswas Reetuparna , Mannucci Silvia , Conti Giamaica , Fracasso Giulio , Conti Anita , Riccio Valentina , Riccio Michele , Sbarbati Andrea
Published: December 2020

The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) consists of a heterogeneous population of stem and stromal cells, generally obtained from adipose tissue by enzymatic digestion. For human cell-based therapies, mechanical process methods to obtain SVF represent an advantageous approach because they have fewer regulatory restrictions for their clinical use. The aim of this study was to characterize a novel commercial system for obtaining SVF from adipose tissue by a mechanical approach without substantial manipulations. Lipoaspirate samples collected from 27 informed patients were processed by a simple and fast mechanical system (by means of Hy-Tissue SVF). The Hy-Tissue SVF product contained a free cell fraction and micro-fragments of stromal connective tissue. The enzymatic digestion of the micro-fragments increased the yield of free cells (3.2 times) and CFU-F (2.4 times). Additionally, 10% of free cells from SVF were positive for CD34+, suggesting the presence of endothelial cells, pericytes, and potential adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). Moreover, the SVF cells were able to proliferate and differentiate in vitro toward adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. The immunophenotypic analysis of expanded cells showed positivity for typical mesenchymal stem cell markers. The Hy-Tissue SVF system allows the isolation of stromal vascular fraction, making this product of potential interest in regenerative medicine.
The Enhancement Effect of Salt Bath Chromizing for P20 Steel
Authors: Wei Zihao , Zhu Chundong , Zhou Lianpu , Wang Liming
Published: December 2020

The TD (Thermal Diffusion) salt bath process is used to obtain a super hard carbide coating on the material surface by utilizing the mechanism of metal thermal diffusion. In this paper, chromium carbide coating was prepared on P20 hot-pressing die steel by the TD salt bath chromizing process. Characterization of the modified surface layer was made by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), a micro-hardness tester and an automatic scratch tester. The influence rules of different salt bath times and temperatures on the growth thickness of the cladding layer were explored through experiments, and the optimum salt bath process scheme was determined as a temperature of 960 °C and time of 6 h. The chromium carbide coating with a thickness similar to that of chromium plating was prepared, and the average thickness of the coating was about 8–10 μm. The results showed that hardness and bonding strength of chromium carbide coating are higher than that of electroplated chromium coating. The combination of chromium carbide coating and matrix is metallurgical, while the electroplated chromium coating is physical. Immersion corrosion test results show that both coatings have good corrosion resistance in a 65% nitric acid solution.
Surface and Interface Treatments on Wooden Artefacts: Potentialities and Limits of a Non-Invasive Multi-Technique Study
Authors: Invernizzi Claudia , Fiocco Giacomo , Iwanicka Magdalena , Targowski Piotr , Piccirillo Anna , Vagnini Manuela , Licchelli Maurizio , Malagodi Marco , Bersani Danilo
Published: December 2020

Wooden artefacts embrace wide-ranging types of objects, like paintings on panel, sculptures, musical instruments, and furniture. Generally, in the manufacturing process of an artwork, wood is firstly treated with organic and inorganic materials to make it nonporous and morphologically homogeneous, and, at last, the surface treatment consists of varnishes or coatings applied with the aims of conferring aesthetic properties and protecting wood from biological growth and external degradation agents, as well as mechanical damage. In this work, different wooden mock-ups were prepared by varying some parameters: concentration of filler and pigment, respectively, in the ground and paint layers, thickness of the protective varnish coat, and sequence of the layers. The mock-ups were subsequently exposed to time-varying artificial aging processes. The multi-analytical non-invasive approach involved spectroscopic (reflection FT-IR, Raman, and X-ray fluorescence), tomographic (optical coherence tomography) and colorimetric techniques. Data were interpreted using both univariate and multivariate methods. The aim was to evaluate potential and limits of each non-invasive technique into the study of different stratigraphies of wooden artworks. This approach was supported by microscopic observations of cross-sections obtained from selected mock-ups. The methodological approach proposed here would add valuable technical know-how and information about the non-invasive techniques applied to the study of wooden artworks.
Laser Pulse Shortening via Zero-Dispersion Phase Matching of Parametric Raman Interactions in Crystals
Authors: Smetanin Sergei N. , Jelínek Michal , Tereshchenko Dmitry P. , Ershkov Mikhail N. , Kubeček Václav
Published: December 2020

We propose and study the conditions of zero-dispersion phase matching for parametric Raman interactions in birefringent crystals differing by anisotropy of zero-dispersion wavelength and allowing for the spectral tuning of the zero-dispersion phase-matching condition. We choose a highly birefringent crystal of calcite having a wide zero-dispersion anisotropy range for the demonstration of new effects of laser pulse shortening in parametric Raman lasers with spectrally tunable zero-dispersion phase matching. We demonstrate the anti-Stokes (1168 nm) and multi-Stokes (1629 nm) picosecond pulse shortening and self-separation of single 80-ps ultra-short pulse from the zero-dispersion phase-matched parametric Raman lasers that are based on the calcite crystal without using any electro-optical device.
Progress and Perspectives on Aurivillius-Type Layered Ferroelectric Oxides in Binary Bi4Ti3O12-BiFeO3 System for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Sun Shujie , Yin Xiaofeng
Published: December 2020

Driven by potentially photo-electro-magnetic functionality, Bi-containing Aurivillius-type oxides of binary Bi4Ti3O12-BiFeO3 system with a general formula of Bin+1Fen−3Ti3O3n+3, typically in a naturally layered perovskite-related structure, have attracted increasing research interest, especially in the last twenty years. Benefiting from highly structural tolerance and simultaneous electric dipole and magnetic ordering at room temperature, these Aurivillius-phase oxides as potentially single-phase and room-temperature multiferroic materials can accommodate many different cations and exhibit a rich spectrum of properties. In this review, firstly, we discussed the characteristics of Aurivillius-phase layered structure and recent progress in the field of synthesis of such materials with various architectures. Secondly, we summarized recent strategies to improve ferroelectric and magnetic properties, consisting of chemical modification, interface engineering, oxyhalide derivatives and morphology controlling. Thirdly, we highlighted some research hotspots on magnetoelectric effect, catalytic activity, microwave absorption, and photovoltaic effect for promising applications. Finally, we provided an updated overview on the understanding and also highlighting of the existing issues that hinder further development of the multifunctional Bin+1Fen−3Ti3O3n+3 materials.
Ankylosed Primary Molar in a Japanese Child with Hypophosphatasia
Authors: Hamada Masakazu , Okawa Rena , Matayoshi Saaya , Ogaya Yuko , Nomura Ryota , Uzawa Narikazu , Nakano Kazuhiko
Published: December 2020

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disorder; affected patients may experience early exfoliation of primary teeth, especially anterior teeth. However, there have been few reports regarding longitudinal follow-up for primary teeth, especially posterior teeth, until their replacement with permanent teeth. Here, we describe a patient with HPP who underwent follow-up from 1 to 9 years of age. A 14-month-old boy was referred to our hospital with the chief complaint of early loss of primary anterior teeth. He was diagnosed with odonto-type HPP by his pediatrician, due to low serum alkaline phosphatase concentration and early exfoliation of primary teeth with bone hypomineralization. The patient experienced exfoliation of three additional primary anterior teeth by 4 years and 1 month of age. Partial dentures were applied for space maintenance; there were no problems regarding subsequent replacement with permanent teeth in the anterior region. However, the primary mandibular right first molar appeared to be submerged when the patient was 8 years and 3 months of age; the severity of submergence was greater when the patient was 9 years of age. The affected primary molar was considered to be ankylosed; it was extracted when the patient was 9 years and 4 months of age. Histopathological analysis of the tooth revealed disturbed cementum formation, which is a typical characteristic of teeth in patients with HPP. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesize that the disturbed cementum formation could lead to susceptibility to early exfoliation of anterior teeth, as well as occurrence of ankylosis involving posterior teeth.
Variable Selection and Regularization in Quantile Regression via Minimum Covariance Determinant Based Weights
Authors: Ranganai Edmore , Mudhombo Innocent
Published: December 2020

The importance of variable selection and regularization procedures in multiple regression analysis cannot be overemphasized. These procedures are adversely affected by predictor space data aberrations as well as outliers in the response space. To counter the latter, robust statistical procedures such as quantile regression which generalizes the well-known least absolute deviation procedure to all quantile levels have been proposed in the literature. Quantile regression is robust to response variable outliers but very susceptible to outliers in the predictor space (high leverage points) which may alter the eigen-structure of the predictor matrix. High leverage points that alter the eigen-structure of the predictor matrix by creating or hiding collinearity are referred to as collinearity influential points. In this paper, we suggest generalizing the penalized weighted least absolute deviation to all quantile levels, i.e., to penalized weighted quantile regression using the RIDGE, LASSO, and elastic net penalties as a remedy against collinearity influential points and high leverage points in general. To maintain robustness, we make use of very robust weights based on the computationally intensive high breakdown minimum covariance determinant. Simulations and applications to well-known data sets from the literature show an improvement in variable selection and regularization due to the robust weighting formulation.
Viability of Various Sources to Ignite A2L Refrigerants
Authors: Kim Dennis K. , Sunderland Peter B.
Published: December 2020

Environmental considerations are motivating the adoption of low global warming potential refrigerants. Most of these are mildly flammable, i.e., A2L. Their susceptibility to ignition from various ignition sources is poorly understood, particularly for the stoichiometric and quiescent mixtures that are emphasized here. The viability of fifteen residential ignition sources to ignite four A2L refrigerants is considered. Tests are performed in a windowed chamber with a volume of 26 L. The refrigerants are R-32 (difluoromethane); R-452B (67% R-32, 26% R-1234yf, and 7% pentafluoroethane); R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene); and R-1234ze (1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene). Two types of ignition sources are confirmed here to be viable: a resistively heated wire at 740 °C and open flames. When the refrigerant concentration was increased slowly, candle flames and butane flames extinguished before initiating any large deflagrations. Eleven other sources were not viable: a smoldering cigarette, a butane lighter, friction sparks, a plug and receptacle, a light switch, a hand mixer, a cordless drill, a bread toaster, a hair dryer, a hot plate, and a space heater. The difficulty to ignite these refrigerants in air is attributed to their long quenching distances (up to 25 mm). Under some conditions the refrigerants were observed to act as flame suppressants.
Predictive Models of Accidents at Work in the Steel Sector as a Framework for Sustainable Safety
Authors: Małysa Tomasz , Gajdzik Bożena
Published: December 2020

Work safety can be a component of the broadly understood sustainable enterprise approach that goes beyond the idea of sustainable development. Sustainability in an unpredictable and turbulent environment has many constellations, many aspects and many fields of the enterprise’s activity and it complements the rationality of the business. The aim is to understand the sustainability of safety, because this is the term we have adopted for rationality in occupational safety management, in the context of the analysis of work accidents in the Polish steel industry, with particular emphasis on the methodology of forecast assessment in the studied area, proposed by us. The realized forecasts were used for the creation of a combined model which formed the basis for formulating conclusions from the analysis. The publication presents the modeling of the victims of work accidents in the steel sector in Poland. Based on the research of the forecasts obtained, a downward trend is recorded in the number of persons injured in accidents at work in the steel sector. In order to select the optimal model, it was proposed to set combined forecasts. In order to select the optimal model, it was proposed to set combined forecasts. The obtained values of ex-ante forecasts in the combined model also confirmed the forecasted trends determined within the adaptation models. The study is a proposal to extend the combined forecasting methods used to assess occupational safety. We consciously chose to include the methodology of combined forecasting of the number of people injured in accidents in the interpretation of sustainability, because we see the possibility of interpreting accident rates in sustainable business in the future. In the publication, we propose the framework of the sustainable safety model as an element of work safety management in an enterprise. We are trying to answer the question about the place of accident prediction in sustainable safety.
Tree-Ring Analysis of Intermediate Hawthorn (Crataegus media Bechst.) in NW Poland
Authors: Cedro Anna , Cedro Bernard
Published: December 2020

Intermediate hawthorn (Crataegus × media Bechst.) is broadly distributed in Europe but very rarely examined by dendrochronologists. In NW Poland, it is one of three naturally occurring hawthorn species, growing mainly at forest margins, along roads, in mid-field woodlots, and on uncultivated land. Biocenotically, it is a very valuable species. This study aimed to determine the age of trees, tree-ring dynamics, and growth–climate relationship for intermediate hawthorn. Signature years were also determined. Samples for analysis were collected from 22 trees growing in a typical agricultural landscape in a monospecific mid-field woodlot comprised of several hundred specimens of various ages and forms (shrubs and trees). Using classic methods of dendrochronological dating, a 40-year long chronology spanning 1981–2020 was constructed. The radial growth rate of intermediate hawthorn is comparable to other tree species forming stands in NW Poland and equals 2.41 mm/year. Considerable intersubject variability is noted, from 1.48 to 4.44 mm/year. The chronology was also used for dendroclimatological analyses, including correlation and response function and signature years. Of the meteorological parameters analyzed, annual incremental growth in hawthorn is the most strongly shaped by precipitation totals from May to August of the current vegetation year: high rainfall favors the formation of wide tree-rings. Statistically significant growth–climate relationships were also obtained for winter months (December of the preceding vegetation year, January and February), for which period negative correlation and regression values are noted for air temperature and insolation. Furthermore, high precipitation, low-temperature and low insolation late in the preceding vegetation year (especially in August) make a positive influence on the condition of trees in the upcoming growing season. Signature year analysis clearly pointed to precipitation as the dominant factor in shaping tree-rings in the studied hawthorn population. As there are no dendrochronological papers concerning indigenous hawthorn species, future studies should be expanded to include diverse geographic locations and habitat conditions and should include all three species of hawthorn occurring in Poland.
Selection of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Families for Sustainable Pulpwood Production by Means of Anatomical Characteristics
Authors: Nezu Ikumi , Ishiguri Futoshi , Aiso Haruna , Diloksumpun Sapit , Ohshima Jyunichi , Iizuka Kazuya , Yokota Shinso
Published: December 2020

Sustainable pulpwood production from fast-growing tree plantations is needed for pulp and paper industries. To increase the pulpwood production efficiency, the anatomical characteristics and derived-wood properties of 75 trees from 15 half-sib families of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. planted in Thailand were investigated, and then the family was classified by suitability of wood as raw material for pulp and paper products using principal component analysis and clustering. The mean values of vessel diameter, vessel frequency, fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter, and fibre wall thickness at 2 cm from the cambium were 128 µm, 16 no./mm2, 11.1 µm, 7.1 µm, and 1.88 µm, respectively. In addition, the Runkel ratio, Luce’s shape factor, flexibility coefficient, slenderness ratio, solids factor, and wall coverage ratio (i.e., derived-wood properties) were 0.53, 0.42, 0.64, 85.3, 68 × 103 µm3, and 0.34, respectively. Significant differences in fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter, and Runkel ratio were found among families. Although significant differences among families were not found for other anatomical characteristics and derived-wood properties, the p-values obtained by an analysis of variance test ranged from 0.050 to 0.088. Based on the results of a principal component analysis and cluster analysis, 15 families were classified into four clusters with different expected pulp and paper characteristics. The suitability of wood from E. camaldulensis half-sib families for pulp and paper can be evaluated by principal component analysis using anatomical characteristics and physical properties as variables. Based on the results, desirable pulp and paper quality may be obtained through the selection of families from this species.
Genome-Wide Analysis of LysM-Containing Gene Family in Wheat: Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis during Development and Defense
Authors: Chen Zheng , Shen Zijie , Zhao Da , Xu Lei , Zhang Lijun , Zou Quan
Published: December 2020

The lysin motif (LysM) family comprise a number of defense proteins that play important roles in plant immunity. The LysM family includes LysM-containing receptor-like proteins (LYP) and LysM-containing receptor-like kinase (LYK). LysM generally recognizes the chitin and peptidoglycan derived from bacteria and fungi. Approximately 4000 proteins with the lysin motif (Pfam PF01476) are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Our study identified 57 LysM genes and 60 LysM proteins in wheat and renamed these genes and proteins based on chromosome distribution. According to the phylogenetic and gene structure of intron–exon distribution analysis, the 60 LysM proteins were classified into seven groups. Gene duplication events had occurred among the LysM family members during the evolution process, resulting in an increase in the LysM gene family. Synteny analysis suggested the characteristics of evolution of the LysM family in wheat and other species. Systematic analysis of these species provided a foundation of LysM genes in crop defense. A comprehensive analysis of the expression and cis-elements of LysM gene family members suggested that they play an essential role in defending against plant pathogens. The present study provides an overview of the LysM family in the wheat genome as well as information on systematic, phylogenetic, gene duplication, and intron–exon distribution analyses that will be helpful for future functional analysis of this important protein family, especially in Gramineae species.
Immune-Based Therapies and the Role of Microsatellite Instability in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ghidini Michele , Lampis Andrea , Mirchev Milko B. , Okuducu Ali Fuat , Ratti Margherita , Valeri Nicola , Hahne Jens C.
Published: December 2020

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options thus resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Among all cancers, with a five-year survival rates of only 2–9%, pancreatic cancer holds the worst prognostic outcome for patients. To improve the overall survival, an earlier diagnosis and stratification of cancer patients for personalized treatment options are urgent needs. A minority of pancreatic cancers belong to the spectrum of Lynch syndrome-associated cancers and are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI is a consequence of defective mismatch repair protein functions and it has been well characterized in other gastrointestinal tumors such as colorectal and gastric cancer. In the latter, high levels of MSI are linked to a better prognosis and to an increased benefit to immune-based therapies. Therefore, the same therapies could offer an opportunity of treatment for pancreatic cancer patients with MSI. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about immune-based therapies and MSI in pancreatic cancer.
On Webbed Monsters, Revolutionary Activists and Plutonium Glow: Eco-Crisis in Diane di Prima and Anne Waldman
Authors: Encarnación-Pinedo Estíbaliz
Published: December 2020

Though green readings of Beat works are a relatively new phenomenon, the Beat aesthetic easily meets Lawrence Buell’s criteria for ecocritical texts. Indeed, many writers associated with the Beat movement, such as Diane di Prima and Anne Waldman, often use their work to give shape to environmental concerns. This article studies the development of a green poetics in the work of both di Prima and Waldman. Focusing on works spanning four decades including Revolutionary Letters (1971), Loba (1998), Uh Oh Plutonium (1982) or The Iovis Trilogy (2011), to name a few, the article analyzes the poets’ use of utopian and dystopian images through which they develop a poetics of eco-crisis that opposes the conformism and political tension of the American postwar and its aftermath.
Keeping It Unreal: Rap, Racecraft, and MF Doom
Authors: Ramírez J. Jesse
Published: December 2020

Focusing on the masked rapper MF Doom, this article uses Karen E. Fields and Barbara J. Fields’s concept of “racecraft” to theorize how the insidious fiction called “race” shapes and reshapes popular “Black” music. Rap is a mode of racecraft that speculatively binds or “crafts” historical musical forms to “natural,” bio-geographical and -cultural traits. The result is a music that counts as authentic and “real” to the degree that it sounds “Black,” on the one hand, and a “Blackness” that naturally expresses itself in rap, on the other. The case of MF Doom illustrates how racialized peoples can appropriate ascriptive practices to craft their own identities against dominant forms of racecraft. The ideological and political work of “race” is not only oppressive but also gives members of subordinated “races” a means of critique, rebellion, and self-affirmation—an ensemble of counter-science fictions. Doom is a remarkable case study in rap and racecraft because when he puts an anonymous metal mask over the social mask that is his ascribed “race,” he unbinds the latter’s ties while simultaneously revealing racecraft’s durability.
Mechanisms of Negative Fetal Outcome in Frontal Vehicle Collisions Involving Unbelted Pregnant Drivers
Authors: Takeda Arisa , Motozawa Yasuki , Takaso Marin , Nakamura Mami , Hattori Shinobu , Hitosugi Masahito
Published: December 2020

To determine the cause of negative fetal outcomes and the causative mechanism in a frontal collision, we analyzed the kinematics and mechanisms of injuries using an unbelted pregnant dummy, the Maternal Anthropometric Measurement Apparatus dummy, version 2B. Sled tests were performed to recreate frontal impact situations with impact speeds of 13, 26, and 40 km/h. Overall kinematics of the dummy were examined through high-speed video imaging. Quantitative dummy responses—such as time courses of the abdominal pressure, chest deflection, neck injury criteria (Nij), and displacement of the pelvis during impact—were also measured. The maximum abdominal pressure of 103.3 kPa was obtained at an impact speed of 13 km/h. The maximum chest deflection of 38.5 mm and Nij of 0.36 were obtained at an impact speed of 26 km/h. The highest maximum chest deflection of >40.9 mm, Nij of 0.61, and forward pelvis displacement of 478 mm were obtained at an impact speed of 40 km/h. Although the kinematics and mechanism of injuries of the dummy were different for different collision speeds, we found that unbelted pregnant drivers suffer severe or fatal injuries to the fetus even in low-speed collisions.
Analysis of the Local Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policies on the French Riviera
Authors: Racine Antoine Noël , Garbarino Jean-Marie , Massiera Bernard , Vuillemin Anne
Published: December 2020

Policy is a lever for initiating the structural and environmental changes that foster health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) promotion. However, little is known about the evidence in support of local governments regarding their HEPA-promoting policies. The aim of this study was to collect comprehensive information on municipal HEPA policies on the French Riviera (Alpes-Maritimes and Var counties) to provide an overview of the development of these policies in this territory. Mid-sized cities from the two counties constituting the French Riviera were targeted (n = 17). In each city, a local tool for HEPA policy analysis, CAPLA-Santé, was used to gain information from key informants heading the departments of sports, health services, and social services. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Ten mid-sized cities volunteered to participate. Key informants from the sports (n = 10), health services (n = 5), and social services (n = 6) departments were interviewed. Written HEPA policy documents were formalized in six cities. These documents (n = 14) were mainly from the sports (n = 8) and health services (n = 4) sectors. The key informants reported that support from national policy, the commitment of elected officials, and large local stakeholder networks facilitated HEPA promotion, whereas the lack of intersectoral collaboration and limited resources were limitations. The results provide insight into the development of municipal HEPA policies, highlighting some of the barriers, facilitators, and perspectives. These findings could be valuable to scale up HEPA promotion at the local level.
Association between Adherence with Recommended Antenatal Care in Low-Risk, Uncomplicated Pregnancy, and Maternal and Neonatal Adverse Outcomes: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Corrao Giovanni , Cantarutti Anna , Locatelli Anna , Porcu Gloria , Merlino Luca , Carbone Simona , Carle Flavia , Zanini Rinaldo
Published: December 2020

Antenatal care (ANC) aims of monitoring wellbeing of mother and foetus during pregnancy. We validate a set of indicators aimed of measuring the quality of ANC of women on low-risk, uncomplicated pregnancy through their relationship with maternal and neonatal outcomes. We conducted a population-based cohort study including 122,563 deliveries that occurred between 2015 and 2017 in the Lombardy Region, Italy. Promptness and appropriateness of number and timing of gynaecological visits, ultrasounds and laboratory tests were evaluated. We assessed several maternal and neonatal outcomes. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratio (PR), and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), for the exposure→outcome association. Compared with women who adhered with recommendations, those who were no adherent had a significant higher prevalence of maternal intensive care units admission (PR: 3.1, 95%CI: 1.2–7.9; and 2.7, 1.1–7.0 respectively for promptness of gynaecological visits, and appropriateness of ultrasound examinations), low Apgar score (1.6, 1.1–1.2; 1.9, 1.3–2.7; and 2.1, 1.5–2.8 respectively for appropriateness and promptness of gynaecological visits, and appropriateness of ultrasound examinations), and low birth weight (1.8, 1.5–2.3 for appropriateness of laboratory test examinations). Benefits for mothers and newborn are expected from improving adherence to guidelines-driven recommendations regarding antenatal care even for low-risk, uncomplicated pregnancies.
Core Self-Evaluations Affecting Retirement-Related Outcomes
Authors: Zaniboni Sara , Topa Gabriela , Balducci Cristian
Published: December 2020

This study addressed a gap in the literature by examining the role of core self-evaluations as a predictor of retirement preparation (i.e., attitudes, expectations, and goals), compared to other important aspects such as demographic, financial, health, and work-related variables. Based on the resource-based dynamic model for retirement adjustment and the core self-evaluations theory, the present study showed that core self-evaluations significantly and positively affected the social component of retirement adjustment (H1), the retirement expectations of new beginning (H2), the retirement expectations of continuity (H3), and retirement goals (H4). Additionally, core-self evaluations negatively affected the retirement expectations of imposed disruption (H5). All the analyses were controlled for age, gender, perceived health, financial situation, job centrality, and expected retirement age. In conclusion, core self-evaluations are valuable and supportive to workers across the work lifespan, and for dealing with the retirement preparation.
Diversity, Concentration and Dynamics of Culturable Fungal Bioaerosols at Doha, Qatar
Authors: Fayad Raghdaa K. , Al-Thani Roda F. , Al-Naemi Fatima A. , Abu-Dieyeh Mohammed H.
Published: December 2020

This research was conducted to investigate the dynamics of airborne fungi using viable culture collection and in respect to different abiotic variables, including seasonal and intra-diurnal variations. A gravimetric method was used to sample airborne fungal deposition on potato dextrose agar plates on alternate days, for a year between April 2015 to March 2016. From 176 settle plate exposures, a total of 1197 mould and 283 yeast colony-forming units (CFU), 21 genera and 62 species were retrieved. The highest fungal spore count was recorded in February 2016, whereas the lowest count occurred in August 2015. The main constituents of the fungal airspora were attributed to Cladosporium (60.2%), Aspergillus (10.4%), Fusarium (9.4%), Alternaria (8.5%), and Ganoderma spp. (2.3%). Temperature was negatively correlated with total colony count (r = −0.231, p ≤ 0.05) or species richness (r = −0.267, p ≤ 0.001), while wind speed was positively correlated with total colony count (r = 0.484, p ≤ 0.001) or species richness (r = 0.257, p ≤ −0.001). The highest dispersal of fungal spores was obtained at 18:00, whereas the lowest fungal spores release was recorded at 00:00 (midnight). There were no significant differences in species composition and richness of the airborne fungal population between two study sites, the Industrial area and Qatar University Campus. The count of Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. were significantly higher at the Industrial area site, which corresponds to a higher CO2 level than the Qatar University site. This study lays the foundation for future work to assess the implications of such aeromycological data on public health.
Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Blake Holly , Corner Jessica , Cirelli Cecilia , Hassard Juliet , Briggs Lydia , Daly Janet M. , Bennett Malcolm , Chappell Joseph G. , Fairclough Lucy , McClure C. Patrick , Tarr Alexander , Tighe Patrick , Favier Alex , Irving William , Ball Jonathan
Published: December 2020

We aimed to explore student and staff perceptions and experiences of a pilot SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic testing service (P-ATS) in a UK university campus setting. This was a mixed-method study comprised of an online survey, and thematic analysis of qualitative data from interviews and focus groups conducted at the mid-point and end of the 12-week P-ATS programme. Ninety-nine students (84.8% female, 70% first year; 93.9% P-ATS participants) completed an online survey, 41 individuals attended interviews or focus groups, including 31 students (21 first year; 10 final year) and 10 staff. All types of testing and logistics were highly acceptable (virus: swab, saliva; antibody: finger prick) and 94.9% would participate again. Reported adherence to weekly virus testing was high (92.4% completed ≥6 tests; 70.8% submitted all 10 swabs; 89.2% completed ≥1 saliva sample) and 76.9% submitted ≥3 blood samples. Students tested to “keep campus safe”, “contribute to national efforts to control COVID-19”, and “protect others”. In total, 31.3% had high anxiety as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) (27.1% of first year). Students with lower levels of anxiety and greater satisfaction with university communications around P-ATS were more likely to adhere to virus and antibody tests. Increased adherence to testing was associated with higher perceived risk of COVID-19 to self and others. Qualitative findings revealed 5 themes and 13 sub-themes: “emotional responses to COVID-19”, “university life during COVID-19”, “influences on testing participation”, “testing physical and logistical factors” and “testing effects on mental wellbeing”. Asymptomatic COVID-19 testing (SARS-CoV-2 virus/antibodies) is highly acceptable to students and staff in a university campus setting. Clear communications and strategies to reduce anxiety are likely to be important for testing uptake and adherence. Strategies are needed to facilitate social connections and mitigate the mental health impacts of COVID-19 and self-isolation.
Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines in Saliva after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Ji-Youn , Kim Han-Na
Published: December 2020

To determine the diagnostic value of inflammatory cytokines in periodontal disease, we performed a systematic review of the changes in inflammatory cytokines after non-surgical periodontal therapy and a meta-analysis of the utility of interleukin (IL)-1β and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 as salivary biomarkers. All available papers published in English until 20 August 2020, were searched in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Population, intervention, comparison, and outcome data were extracted from the selected studies, and the roles of IL-1β and MMP-8 were assessed in a meta-analysis. Eleven studies, including two meta-analyses, were assessed in the systematic review. Biomarkers showing high levels in periodontal disease were salivary IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, MMP-8, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2, and those in the controls were tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-32. Biomarkers that decreased after scaling and root planning (SRP) and oral hygiene instruction (OHI) in periodontitis patients were IL-1β, MMP-8, MMP-9, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and TIMP-2. The pooled standardized mean difference of IL-1β and MMP-8 was −1.04 and 35.90, respectively, but the differences between periodontitis patients and healthy controls were not significant. Although the changes in salivary IL-1β and MMP-8 levels after non-surgical periodontal therapy were not significant, salivary cytokines could be used to confirm the effect of periodontal therapy or diagnose periodontal disease.
Human Health Risk Assessments of Trace Metals on the Clam Corbicula javanica in a Tropical River in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Yap Chee Kong , Wong Koe Wei , Al-Shami Salman Abdo , Nulit Rosimah , Cheng Wan Hee , Aris Ahmad Zaharin , Sharifinia Moslem , Bakhtiari Alireza Riyahi , Okamura Hideo , Saleem Muhammad , Chew Weiyun , Ismail Mohamad Saupi , Al-Mutairi Khalid Awadh
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to analyse ten trace metal concentrations in the edible part of the freshwater clam Corbicula javanica and to provide a critical assessment of the potential risks to human health through consumption of this clam as food based on well-established indices and food safety guidelines. The clams were captured from a pristine original site and transplanted to other sites with different environmental qualities. The trace metal levels in the edible total soft tissue (TST) of the clam were below those of the food safety guidelines referred to except for Pb, which exceeded the permissible limit set by the European Commission (2006) and the US Food and Drug Administration/ Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition); Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference. (USFDA/CFSAN; ISSC) (2007). The estimated daily intake (EDI) values of the clam were found to be lower than the oral reference dose and the calculated target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ were found to be less than 1. Therefore, in conclusion, the human health risk for consumption of TST of C. javanica at both average and high-level were insignificant regardless of the environment it was exposed to.
ABL001, a Bispecific Antibody Targeting VEGF and DLL4, with Chemotherapy, Synergistically Inhibits Tumor Progression in Xenograft Models
Authors: Yeom Dong-Hoon , Lee Yo-Seob , Ryu Ilhwan , Lee Sunju , Sung Byungje , Lee Han-Byul , Kim Dongin , Ahn Jin-Hyung , Ha Eunsin , Choi Yong-Soo , Lee Sang Hoon , You Weon-Kyoo
Published: December 2020

Delta-like-ligand 4 (DLL4) is a promising target to augment the effects of VEGF inhibitors. A simultaneous blockade of VEGF/VEGFR and DLL4/Notch signaling pathways leads to more potent anti-cancer effects by synergistic anti-angiogenic mechanisms in xenograft models. A bispecific antibody targeting VEGF and DLL4 (ABL001/NOV1501/TR009) demonstrates more potent in vitro and in vivo biological activity compared to VEGF or DLL4 targeting monoclonal antibodies alone and is currently being evaluated in a phase 1 clinical study of heavy chemotherapy or targeted therapy pre-treated cancer patients (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03292783). However, the effects of a combination of ABL001 and chemotherapy on tumor vessels and tumors are not known. Hence, the effects of ABL001, with or without paclitaxel and irinotecan were evaluated in human gastric or colon cancer xenograft models. The combination treatment synergistically inhibited tumor progression compared to each monotherapy. More tumor vessel regression and apoptotic tumor cell induction were observed in tumors treated with the combination therapy, which might be due to tumor vessel normalization. Overall, these findings suggest that the combination therapy of ABL001 with paclitaxel or irinotecan would be a better clinical strategy for the treatment of cancer patients.
Characterization and Differentiation of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) of Orthotopic and Subcutaneously Grown Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in Immunocompetent Mice
Authors: Brand Matthias , Laban Simon , Theodoraki Marie-Nicole , Doescher Johannes , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Schuler Patrick J. , Brunner Cornelia
Published: December 2020

For the development and evaluation of new head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) therapeutics, suitable, well-characterized animal models are needed. Thus, by analyzing orthotopic versus subcutaneous models of HNSCC in immunocompetent mice, we evaluated the existence of adenosine-related immunosuppressive B- and T lymphocyte populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Applying the SCC VII model for the induction of HNSCC in immunocompetent C3H/HeN mice, the cellular TME was characterized after tumor initiation over time by flow cytometry. The TME in orthotopic grown tumors revealed a larger population of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with more B cells and CD4+ T cells than the subcutaneously grown tumors. Immune cell populations in the blood and bone marrow showed a rather distinct reaction toward tumor induction and tumor location compared to the spleen, lymph nodes, or thymus. In addition, large numbers of immunosuppressive B- and T cells were identified within the TME but also in secondary lymphoid organs, independently of the tumor initiation site. The altered immunogenic TME may influence the response to any treatment attempt. Moreover, when analyzing the TME and other lymphoid organs of tumor-bearing mice, we observed conditions reflecting largely those of patients suffering from HNSCC suggesting the C3H/HeN mouse model as a suitable tool for studies aiming to target immunosuppression to improve anti-cancer therapies.
P2 Receptors in Cardiac Myocyte Pathophysiology and Mechanotransduction
Authors: Woo Sun-Hee , Trinh Tran Nguyet
Published: December 2020

ATP is a major energy source in the mammalian cells, but it is an extracellular chemical messenger acting on P2 purinergic receptors. A line of evidence has shown that ATP is released from many different types of cells including neurons, endothelial cells, and muscle cells. In this review, we described the distribution of P2 receptor subtypes in the cardiac cells and their physiological and pathological roles in the heart. So far, the effects of external application of ATP or its analogues, and those of UTP on cardiac contractility and rhythm have been reported. In addition, specific genetic alterations and pharmacological agonists and antagonists have been adopted to discover specific roles of P2 receptor subtypes including P2X4-, P2X7-, P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors in cardiac cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulated data suggest that P2X4 receptors may play a beneficial role in cardiac muscle function, and that P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors can induce cardiac fibrosis. Recent evidence further demonstrates P2Y1 receptor and P2X4 receptor as important mechanical signaling molecules to alter membrane potential and Ca2+ signaling in atrial myocytes and their uneven expression profile between right and left atrium.
Skeletal Muscle Health and Cognitive Function: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sui Sophia X. , Williams Lana J. , Holloway-Kew Kara L. , Hyde Natalie K. , Pasco Julie A.
Published: December 2020

Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age. It involves both complex genetic and modifiable risk factors, such as lack of exercise, malnutrition and reduced neurological drive. Cognitive decline refers to diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual functioning. Contracting skeletal muscle is a major source of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which regulate synapses in the brain. Furthermore, skeletal muscle activity has important immune and redox effects that modify brain function and reduce muscle catabolism. The identification of common risk factors and underlying mechanisms for sarcopenia and cognition may allow the development of targeted interventions that slow or reverse sarcopenia and also certain forms of cognitive decline. However, the links between cognition and skeletal muscle have not been elucidated fully. This review provides a critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between skeletal muscle health and cognition. The literature suggests that sarcopenia and cognitive decline share pathophysiological pathways. Ageing plays a role in both skeletal muscle deterioration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, lifestyle risk factors, such as physical inactivity, poor diet and smoking, are common to both disorders, so their potential role in the muscle–brain relationship warrants investigation.
Discovery of a Bradykinin B2 Partial Agonist Profile of Raloxifene in a Drug Repurposing Campaign
Authors: Gomez-Gutierrez Patricia , Perez Juan J.
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 urges a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in illness progression to provide a prompt therapeutical response with an adequate use of available drugs, including drug repurposing. Recently, it was suggested that a dysregulated bradykinin signaling can trigger the cytokine storm observed in patients with severe Covid-19. In the scope of a drug repurposing campaign undertaken to identify bradykinin antagonists, raloxifene was identified as prospective compound in a virtual screening process. The pharmacodynamics profile of raloxifene towards bradykinin receptors is reported in the present work, showing a weak selective partial agonist profile at the B2 receptor. In view of this new profile, its possible use as a therapeutical agent for the treatment of severe Covid-19 is discussed.