bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Peserta didik SMP pada Materi Persamaan Garis Lurus Ditinjau Berdasarkan Gender
Authors: Rihi Febriana , Saija Louise M
Published: May 2023

Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemahaman matematis peserta didik SMP pada materi persamaan garis lurus yang ditinjau berdasarkan gender. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IX SMP Advent di Cimindi, Setia Budi, Parongpong dan Bogor, Jawa Barat pada tahun ajaran 2021/2022 yang terdiri dari 31 peserta didik laki-laki dan 35 peserta didik perempuan. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis dan pedoman wawancara. Metode triangulasi digunakan untuk menguji keabsahan data penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kemampuan pemahaman matematis peserta didik laki-laki berada pada kategori rendah sedangkan peserta didik perempuan berada pada kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan peserta didik yang memiliki kemampuan pemahaman matematis tinggi, peserta didik perempuan lebih unggul dalam mendeskripsikan masalah secara lengkap daripada peserta didik laki-laki. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara peserta didik perempuan dan laki-laki dengan kemampuan pemahaman matematis sedang dan rendah.
Strategic Thinking of Global Carbon Neutrality Process and the Routing of China
Authors: Zhang Ze
Published: May 2023

With the rapid spread of global energy crisis, it is urgent to realize the goal of zero-carbon energy revolution and carbon neutrality. From global perspective, developed countries and developing countries are at different stages of economic and social development. There are differences in progress in carbon neutrality laws and regulations, green technology development, and the large differences in policies and perceptions have led to imbalance and uncertainty in global carbon neutrality actions. On this basis, various parties all contribute to low-carbon and green development, while China faces many practical difficulties in achieving the carbon neutrality goal, which are reflected in higher difficulties than developed countries, improved energy security and transformation risks, insufficient core technology and innovation, and large funding gaps. Therefore, China can build a modern energy system, strengthen modern technology and independent innovation, improve the carbon emissions trading system, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of the whole industrial chain, and cultivate the public’s awareness of low-carbon consumption to help zero-carbon transformation. The role of China in global climate governance is changing, and it will provide Chinese solutions for the sustainable development of other countries and the realization of carbon neutrality goals.
Revision of the genus Phloeocleptus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: Atkinson Thomas H.
Published: May 2023

The genus Phloeocleptus Wood includes 8 species of phloeophagous bark beetles breeding in species of Persea(Lauraceae) and that are restricted to Mexico. Phloeocletptus lorenzfischeri Atkinson is described as new. Phloeocleptus cristatus Wood is a synonym of P. atkinsoni Wood. The male of P. ardis Wood is described. All species are illustrated and redescribed and a new generic key is included. Phloeocleptus punctatus Wood and Hylocurus tresmariae Schedl are transferred to Pseudothysanoes Blackman. Phloeocleptus parvus Wood is transferred to Hylocurus Eichhoff.
Eye Blink Oriented Chat
Authors: Sathvika Muthyala , Pravallika Gopathi , Manasa Kotamarthi , Vijayabhaskar Ch.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Digitalization has become an essential aspect of modern-day long-distance communication and is used extensively in daily life. As a result, it is crucial that this technology is accessible to everyone, including differently-abled individuals. The objective of this study is to create an eye-controlled virtual keyboard that enables differently-abled individuals to use text features effectively. To achieve this, the study utilizes Dlib, OpenCV, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to monitor eye movement and blinks, allowing the user to select desired keys on the virtual keyboard. By accurately predicting the eye's state using neural networks, the system operates the virtual keyboard with precision. Through this study, a highly efficient method for differently-abled individuals to communicate through text has been established, paving the way for future advancements and research in this field
A Research Paper on Residential G+2 Story Building
Authors: Srivastav Shubham , Kumar Deepak
Published: May 2023

Abstract: The principle objective of this project is to analyse and design a multi-storied building {G + 2(3-dimensional frame)} using STAAD Pro. The design involves load calculations manually and analysing the whole structure by STAAD Pro. The design methods used in STAAD-Pro analysis are Limit State Design conforming to Indian Standard Code of Practice. STAAD. Pro features a state-ofthe-art user interface, visualization tools, powerful analysis and design engines with advanced finite element and dynamic analysis capabilities. From model generation, analysis and design to visualization and result verification, STAAD. Pro is the professional’s choice. Initially we started with the analysis of simple 2-dimensional frames and manually checked the accuracy of the software with our results.
Effect of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on Tensile Strength of Cross Lap Joint
Authors: Londhe Vikram H. , Joshi Laxmikant D.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: This paper compares the tensile strength of an adhesively bonded single cross lap joint with and without the addition of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in the adhesive. Tensile strength analysis of adhesively bonded cross lap joint is done by applying pulling load which produces tensile stress at overlap between two substrates which joined together by using adhesive. Cross lap joint were created using Al-Al substrates. Five tests were performed on Al-Al substrates with and without the addition of MWCNT in the adhesive for each specimen. MWCNT filler particles increase the toughness and strength of epoxy resin when compared to epoxy resin that does not contain MWCNT. MWCNT fill epoxy resin increases toughness and resists crack formation, increasing the interface strength between two substrates.
Design of Sensor Based Semi-Automatic Cotton Wick Packing Machine
Authors: Shete H.K.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Many small scale cotton wicks production businesses process of packaging their product manually. The packing process is carried out with the help of candles. This process is very time and effort consuming. This system aims to develop such a machine which automatically packs the cotton wicks with the help of microcontroller and sensors. The purpose of doing this project is to reduce human efforts and time consumption. The machine design is based on simple mechanisms and it can be installed easily. As this machine will reduce the labour cost time and efforts, more production in minimum time is possible. This type of packing machine is used for both small scale and large industries. This machine can be easily transported from one place to other.
Electronic Health Record System Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Shinde Prof. Mrs. A. S.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Patient’s Health Records (PHRs) are valuable assets to individuals because they enable them to integrate and manage their medical data. Due to the rapid growth of HealthCare management, it is crucialto maintain the Electronic Health Record of patients. Electronic Health Record systems face problems interms of security, integrity, and management since a large volume of patient’s sensitive data is shared between anonymous bodies. To overcome these issues, this project aims to explain how Blockchain technology can be a solution for Electronic Health Record systems. These records for not only useful for the consultation but also for creation of historic family health information tree that keeps track of genetichealth issues and diseases it can also be used for any health service with the authorization from both the patient and medical organization. Hence, proposed a system consists blockchain technology for ElectronicHealth Record and to provide secure storage of electronic records by defining granular access to the usersby interpreting an Electronic Health Record web application.
Malware Detection Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning
Authors: Midgule Siddheshwar
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Android application security is based on permission-based mechanisms that restrict third-party Android applications’ access to critical resources on an Android device. The user must accept a set of permissions required by the application before proceeding with the installation. This process is intended to inform users about the risks of installing and using applications on their devices. However, most of the time, even with a well-understood permission system, users are not fully aware of endangered threats, relying on application stores or the popularity of applications and relying on developers to You are accepting the install without trying to analyze your intent.
Literature Review on Ring Oscillator for Biomedical Application Using CMOS
Authors: Pal Reena , Bano Najbeen , Jain Dr. Shiksha , Verma Er. Deepika
Published: May 2023

Abstract: In this paper we have been studies on various design techniques of oscillator for biomedical application. The major subject of this research study is oscillators, which are electronic circuits that generate periodic signals with a constant frequency. A comprehensive review of various oscillator topologies and their characteristics, including stability, frequency range, and phase noise, is provided in this article. The project's objective is to review contemporary oscillator design approaches and consider how they might be applied in a variety of sectors, such as instrumentation, control, and communication systems. Oscillators are electronic circuits that generate repeated waves at set frequency. It is the foundation of numerous electrical gadgets, such as radios, televisions, and computers. Oscillators are used in measurement, control, and communication systems. Science routinely examines the behavior and characteristics of oscillators, such as their stability, frequency range, and phase noise. Researchers may also look at novel oscillator topologies and design approaches to improve performance or enable new applications. Oscillator research is essential for the development of cutting-edge electrical technologies and systems.
Neural Network and Natural Language Processing Based Anti-Depression Chatbot
Authors: Atram Pankaj , Chitalkar Swapnil , Ali Faizan , Muluk Kedar , Kadam Amit
Published: May 2023

Abstract: More than one in eight teenagers suffer from mental health issues like depression which is now becoming a common thing in society nowadays which can more often lead people to take extreme steps like suicides. Anti-Depression Chatbot is ideal, cost-effective, highly available web based Chatbot to help fight depression. Users can trust and turn to Anti-Depression Chatbot by simply using any browser for seeking help if they are feeling depressed. When user chats with Anti-Depression Chatbot about depression, mental health and things causing depression like toxic relationships, etc bot replies to user positively and provides information, advises user, etc in such a way that users depression level or sadness reduces. Anti-Depression Chatbot uses Natural Language Processing to understand user and replies with limited amount knowledge it has, to successfully reduce depression and boost mental health of user.
Continuous Student Improvement Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Mali Prof. H.B.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Student Improvement model aims in identifying student behavior traits and patterns using multiple psychometrictests followed by suggesting ways to improve areas of their interest along with overall psychological balance by continuous testing at constant intervals of time. To identify the subject’s strengths, weaknesses, and behavioral interests, assessments are carried out on the principle of psychological assessments which assess the students by making them imagine their reactions in various psychological situations. We use different classification methods to predict psychological factors and the efficiency ismeasured by performance factors like recall, precision, and F1 score. It is mainly based on 3 Psychometric tests that are Big Five Personality, Benziger Thinking style assessment, and KOLBlearning preferences. These tests have a huge role to play in the fields of career guidance and employability. Our model evaluates an individual’s personality traits and learning styles and provides a descriptive analysis which helps in identifying students’ overall improvement.
Technical approaches to automating typical GIS operations
Authors: Kolesnikov A.A.
Published: May 2023

The features of automating the processing of spatial data using geographic information systems are discussed. The main directions of automation at spatial data processing, including the use of artificial intelligence technologies, are identified. Possible technical approaches to that in geoinformation systems are identified and described. The software implementation of the listed techniques involving open source software is considered, using the example of a typical sequence of actions at working with spatial information
Hydrochemical and Stable Isotope characteristics of surface water and groundwater in Xiliugou and Wulagai River basin, North China
Authors: Yu Xiaowen , Liu Huamin , Wang Qi , Kou Xin , Cao Xiaoai , Xu Zhichao , Wen Lu , zhuo Yi , Liu Dongwei , Wang Lixin
Published: May 2023

Studies on water origin and transformation relationship between
groundwater and surface water is important for understanding on
hydrological processes and water resources management. In this study
surface water and groundwater samples from Xiliugou and Wulagai River
basin were collected and analyzed for stable hydrogen and oxygen
isotopes and hydrochemistry data. The results show that the pH of all
water samples ranged from 6.81 to 8.91, blongs to weak alkaline water;
the average value of TDS in surface water and groundwater is less than
1000mg/l, which is low mineralization water. Na•Ca-SO
•HCO type and Ca•Na-HCO
type was the dominatnt hydrochemical types for surface
water in Xiliugou and Wulagai River basin, respectively; Na•Ca-HCO
type and Ca•Mg-HCO type for
groundwater in Xiliugou and Wulagai River basin respectively. The
End-Members Mixing Analysis (EMMA) used for hydrograph separation
indicated that in the growing season, the groundwater was recharged by
precipitation (76.87 %), and surface water (23.13 %) in Xiliugou; the
groundwater in Wulagai was mainly recharged by precipitation (65%) and
surface water (35 %).
Emergency medicine pharmacotherapy compromises accuracy of plasma creatinine determination by enzyme-based methods: real-world clinical evidence
Authors: Demlova Regina , Kozakova Sarka , Řiháček Michal , Buckova Dana , Horska Katerina , Wiewiorka Ondrej , Boucek Lubos , Selingerova Iveta , Podborska Martina , Korberova Alena , Mikuskova Alena , Starha Jiri , Benovska Miroslava , Radina Martin , Richter Michal , Dubska Lenka Zdrazilova , Valik Dalibor
Published: May 2023

Background: Assessment of kidney function in emergency settings is
essential across all medical subspecialties. Daily assessment of patient
creatinine result from emergency medical services showed that some
creatinine results apparently deviated from expected creatinine values
implying occurrence of drug-related interferences. Methods: Real-time
head-to-head clinical evaluation of an enzyme method (Roche CREP2) in
comparison to Jaffé gen. 2 method (Roche CREJ2) was performed. During
the period of December 2022 and January 2023 we analyzed 8498 patient
specimens where 5524 were heavily medicated STAT patient specimens, 500
were pediatric specimens and 2474 specimens were from a distant general
population in a different region using the same methods. Results: About
5 percent of hospital specimens having patient history showed apparent
drops of creatinine concentrations by the enzyme method against the
compensated Jaffé method. Suspect medication was found in 43 out of 46
reviewed patients where medication data were allowed for review. A
general patient cohort showed no drops of concentrations measured by the
enzyme method. Pediatric hospital cohort showed 6 drops out of 500 total
measurements. Conclusions: Pharmacotherapy-induced inaccuracies with
enzyme creatinine methods imply the need for proper method validations
in the relevant patient population such as emergency hospital setting
and may facilitate introduction of cystatin C to emergency medicine
clinical practice as suitable creatinine alternate biomarker.
Asthma exacerbations in the pediatric emergency area: evaluation and prospects for improvement of pre-hospital care
Authors: Gonzalez-Uribe Victor , Navarrete Elsy , Angeles-Tellez Fernando , Montiel-Gonzalez Jose , Colin-Rubio Jorge , Gonzalez-Chavarria Clara Fernanda , Mojica-Gonzalez Zaira Selene
Published: May 2023

Introduction. - The frequency of emergency department visits
for asthma is a major public health problem in pediatrics. The aim of
this study is to identify the characteristics of children who visit the
pediatric emergency department for asthma exacerbation and to evaluate
their therapeutic management before admission. Methods. - A
prospective study conducted over a 6-month period in the pediatric
emergency departments of 5 hospitals on children aged 1 to 16 years who
were admitted to the department with a clinical diagnosis of asthma
exacerbation. Results. – 143 patients were enrolled in the
study. Asthma episodes were moderate to severe in 69.2% of cases (n =
99). Initial therapeutic treatment before admission to the emergency
department was appropriate in 17.5% of cases (n = 25). Hospitalizations
greater than 24 hours only occurred in 18.2% ( n = 26) . In children
under 3 years of age, the viral context was present in 91.4% (n = 64)
& exacerbations were more severe in younger patients (P = 0.002) and
economically disadvantaged children (P = 0.025). Only 17.4% (n=25) were
found to be positive by an antigen test or PCR test for SARS-CoV-2.
suggesting that the involvement of traditional respiratory viruses in
asthma exacerbation continues even in pandemic times. Regarding the
pre-hospital care, 70.6% (n=101) had received prior treatment, but this
treatment was inappropriate in 53.1 % (n=76). Conclusions. -
This study shows that asthmatic children and their families know little
about the disease and that physicians are not sufficiently aware of
current recommendations for the management of asthmatic children.
Admission to the emergency department for asthma could be partially
avoided by better diagnosis and therapeutic education .
PSYCHOPATHIC INCLINATION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Dil Sher , Kazmi Syeda Farhana , Sadiq Warda
Published: May 2023

Psychopathy, as a phenomenon, has been mostly studied forensic
concept of the current century. Various studies have linked psychopathy
to other concepts such as crimes, aggression, violence, personality.
There is another debate around that describe psychopathy as productive
for certain profession such as CEOs and Surgeons. Current study aimed to
assess the relationship of psychopathy among medical students in
Pakistan with reference to demographic characteristics (age, gender).
Urdu Psychopathy Scale (Dil & Kazmi, 2016) was used to assess the
psychopathy. male and female medical students were approached using
convenient sampling. Results revealed that age is not related to
psychopathy. Significant gender differences exist with respect to
psychopathy, and 4.68% of medical students score 262 or higher. The
study provided a way to look into the phenomenon of psychopathy among
medical students.
Relationships Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and psychological resilience and Cognitive Emotional Behavioral Regulation in College Students
Authors: SEZGİN Elif , UZUN Mehmet Erdem
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to determine the effects of adverse childhood
experiences and childhood experiences on adolescents’ psychological
resilience and Cognitive Emotional Behavioral regulation. Four hundred
thirty-three(n:433) students (18-21 years old) attending a Vocational
School of a University in Turkey completed online questionnaires using
the Childhood Experiences Scale, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale,
the Adult Resilience Scale, and the Negative Childhood Experiences
Scale-Turkish version. In the study, it is seen that the psychological
resilience of adolescents differs according to age. No significant
difference was found between men and women in the study. When
cognitive-emotional regulation strategies are examined, it is seen that
18-year-old adolescents are more likely to blame- others than 19- and
20-year-old adolescents. Although there were no differences in
psychological resilience in the study, differences were obtained between
women and adolescents regarding cognitive and emotional regulation. It
was found that female adolescents used the strategies of “self-blame,
blame-others, rumination, catastrophizing, and positive refocusing,”
which are among the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies more than
male adolescents. It has been determined that male adolescents use ”
Putting into perspective ” more. As a result of regression analysis,
differences in childhood experiences and psychological resistance were
obtained according to age. The psychological resistance of 20 -year -old
adolescents with a high score of submissiveness, threat, and unvalued
was found to be high. In our study, a positive relationship was observed
between rumination and adolescents who had an experience of being
unvalued and submissive from their childhood experiences. In contrast,
those who had less adverse childhood experiences used rumination more.
Diversity--functioning relationships across hierarchies of biological organization
Authors: Mayor Sarah , Allan Eric , Altermatt Florian , Isbell Forest , Schaepman Michael , Schmid Bernhard , Niklaus Pascal
Published: May 2023

Numerous biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have
shown that plant community productivity typically increases with species
diversity. In these studies, diversity is generally quantified using
metrics of taxonomic, phylogenetic, or functional differences among
community members. Research has also shown that the relationships
between species diversity and functioning depends on the spatial scale
considered, primarily because larger areas may contain different
ecosystem types and span gradients in environmental conditions, which
result in a turnover of the species set present locally. A fact that has
received little attention, however, is that ecological systems are
hierarchically structured, from genes to individuals to communities to
entire landscapes, and that additional biological variation occurs at
levels of organization above and below those typically considered in BEF
research. Here, we present cases of diversity effects at different
hierarchical levels of organization and compare these to the
species-diversity effects traditionally studied. We argue that when this
evidence is combined across levels, a general framework emerges that
allows the transfer of insights and concepts between traditionally
disparate disciplines. Such a framework presents an important step
towards a better understanding of the functional importance of diversity
in complex, real-world systems.
Correlates of Supportive Care Needs among Asian Americans with Colorectal, Liver, and Lung Cancer from a Web-Based Patient Navigation Portal Intervention: The Patient COUNTS Study
Authors: Wang Katarina , Chu Janet , Oh Debora , Shariff-Marco Salma , Allen Laura , Kuo Mei-Chin , Wong Ching , Bui Hoan , Chen Junlin , Li Feng Ming , Ma Carmen , Truong Angeline , Gomez Scarlett , Nguyen Tung , Tsoh Janice
Published: May 2023

Background Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian
Americans, who face barriers to cancer care. Cancer supportive care
needs among Asian Americans remain understudied. Methods We
recruited 47 Asian American adults with colorectal, liver, or lung
cancer who spoke Chinese, English, or Vietnamese, and were starting or
undergoing cancer treatment. We assessed cancer supportive care needs in
four domains: cancer information, daily living, behavioral health, and
language assistance. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify
clusters of participants based on their need profiles to further examine
the association between need profiles and quality of life (QoL) assessed
by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G).
Results Participants (mean age=57.6) included 72% males and
62% spoke English less than very well. Older participants (age
>65) and those with annual income <$50K reported
higher daily living needs. Men and younger participants (age
<50) reported higher behavioral health needs. We found 3
clusters displaying distinct cancer supportive need profiles: Cluster 1
(28% of the sample) displayed high needs across all domains; Cluster 2
(51%) had low overall needs; and Cluster 3 (21%) had high needs for
cancer information and daily living. Cluster 1 participants reported
lowest QoL. Conclusions Cancer supportive care needs among
Asian American patients with colorectal, liver and lung cancer were
associated with patient characteristics and QoL. Understanding cancer
supportive care needs will inform future interventions to improve care
and QoL for Asian American cancer patients.
The 2022 MW 6.0 Gölyaka-Düzce earthquake: an example of a medium size earthquake in a fault zone early in its seismic cycle
Authors: Martínez-Garzón Patricia , Becker Dirk , Chen Xiang , Jara Jorge , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Bohnhoff Marco
Published: May 2023

On November 23rd 2022, a MW 6.0 earthquake occurred in direct vicinity
of the MW 7.1 Düzce earthquake that ruptured a portion of the North
Anatolian Fault in 1999. The Mw 6.0 event was attributed to a small
fault portion of the Karadere segment that did not rupture during the
1999 sequence. We analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of the MW 6.0
Gölyaka-Düzce seismic sequence at various scales and resolve the source
properties of the mainshock. Modelling the decade-long evolution of
background seismicity of the Karadere Fault employing an Epistemic Type
Aftershock Sequence model shows that this fault was almost seismically
inactive before 1999, while a progressive increase in seismic activity
is observed from 2000 onwards. A newly generated high-resolution
seismicity catalog from 1 month before the mainshock until six days
after created using Artificial Intelligence-aided techniques shows only
few events occurring within the rupture area within the previous month,
no spatio-temporal localization process and a lack of immediate
foreshocks preceding the rupture. The aftershock hypocenter distribution
suggests the activation of both the Karadere fault which ruptured in
this earthquake as well as the Düzce fault that ruptured in 1999. First
results on source parameters and the duration of the first P-wave pulse
from the mainshock suggest that the mainshock propagated eastwards in
agreement with predictions from a bimaterial interface model. The MW 6.0
Gölyaka-Düzce represents a good example of an earthquake rupture with
damaging potential within a fault zone that is in a relatively early
stage of the seismic cycle.
The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage
Authors: Hauck Judith , Gregor Luke , Nissen Cara , Patara Lavinia , Hague Mark , Mongwe Precious , Bushinsky Seth M , Doney Scott C. , Gruber Nicolas , Quéré Corinne Le , Manizza Manfredi , Mazloff Matthew R. , Monteiro Pedro M. S. , Terhaar Jens
Published: May 2023

We assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985-2018) using data sets
gathered in the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project
phase 2 (RECCAP2). The Southern Ocean acted as a sink for CO2 with close
agreement between simulation results from global ocean biogeochemistry
models (GOBMs, 0.75±0.28 PgCyr-1) and pCO2-observation-based products
(0.73±0.07 PgCyr-1). This sink is only half that reported by RECCAP1.
The present-day net uptake is to first order a response to rising
atmospheric CO2, driving large amounts of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) into
the ocean, thereby overcompensating the loss of natural CO2 to the
atmosphere. An apparent knowledge gap is the increase of the sink since
2000, with pCO2-products suggesting a growth that is more than twice as
strong and uncertain as that of GOBMs (0.26±0.06 and 0.11±0.03 PgCyr-1
decade-1 respectively). This is despite nearly identical pCO2 trends in
GOBMs and pCO2-products when both products are compared only at the
locations where pCO2 was measured. Seasonal analyses revealed agreement
in driving processes in winter with uncertainty in the magnitude of
outgassing, whereas discrepancies are more fundamental in summer, when
GOBMs exhibit difficulties in simulating the effects of the non-thermal
processes of biology and mixing/circulation. Ocean interior accumulation
of Cant points to an underestimate of Cant uptake and storage in GOBMs.
Future work needs to link surface fluxes and interior ocean transport,
build long overdue systematic observation networks and push towards
better process understanding of drivers of the carbon cycle.
Synthetic simulation of spatially-correlated streamflows: Weighted-modified Fractional Gaussian Noise
Authors: Chadwick Cristian , Babonneau Frederic , Homem-de-Mello Tito , Letelier Agustín
Published: May 2023

Stochastic methods have been typically used for the design and
operations of hydraulic infrastructure. They allow decision makers to
evaluate existing or new infrastructure under different possible
scenarios, giving them the flexibility and tools needed in decision
making. In this paper, we present a novel stochastic streamflow
simulation approach able to replicate both temporal and spatial
dependencies from the original data in a multi-site basin context. The
proposed model is a multi-site extension of the modified Fractional
Gaussian Noise (mFGN) model which is well-known to be efficient to
maintain periodic correlation for several time lags, but presents
shortcomings in preserving the spatial correlation. Our method, called
Weighted-mFGN (WmFGN), incorporates spatial dependency into streamflows
simulated with mFGN by relying on the Cholesky decomposition of the
spatial correlation matrix of the historical streamflow records. As the
order in which the decomposition steps are performed (temporal then
spatial, or vice-versa) affects the performance in terms of preserving
the temporal and spatial correlation, our method searches for an optimal
convex combination of the resulting correlation matrices. The result is
a Pareto-curve that indicates the optimal weights of the convex
combination depending on the importance given by the user to spatial and
temporal correlations. The model is applied to Bio-bio River basin
(Chile), where the results show that the WmFGN maintains the qualities
of the single-site mFGN, while significantly improving spatial
correlation.
A New Framework for Evaluating Model Simulated Inland Tropical Cyclone Wind Fields
Authors: Chen Jie , Gao Kun , Harris Lucas , Marchok Timothy , Zhou Linjiong , Morin Matthew
Published: May 2023

Though tropical cyclone (TC) models have been routinely evaluated
against track and intensity observations, little work has been performed
to validate modeled TC wind fields over land. In this paper, we present
a simple framework for evaluating simulated low-level inland winds with
in-situ observations and existing TC structure theory. The Automated
Surface Observing Systems, Florida Coastal Monitoring Program, and best
track data are used to generate a theory-driven wind profile that
reasonably represents the observed radial distribution of TC wind
speeds. We quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated the modeled inland
TC wind fields, and described the model performance with a set of simple
indicators. The framework was used to examine the performance of a
high-resolution two-way nested Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
model on recent U.S. landfalling TCs. Results demonstrate the capacity
of using this framework to assess the modeled TC low-level wind field in
the absence of dense inland observations.
Meteors May Masquerade as Lightning in the Atmosphere of Venus
Authors: Blaske Claire H , O'Rourke Joseph Ghilarducci , Desch Steven , Borrelli Madison E
Published: May 2023

Lightning in the atmosphere of Venus is either ubiquitous, rare, or
non-existent, depending on

how one interprets diverse observations. Quantifying when and where, or
even if lightning

occurs would provide novel information about Venus’s atmospheric
dynamics and chemistry.

Lightning is also a potential risk to future missions, which could float
in the cloud layers (~50–

70 km above the surface) for up to an Earth-year. Over decades,
spacecraft and ground-based

telescopes have searched for lightning at Venus using many instruments,
including

magnetometers, radios, and optical cameras. Two optical surveys (from
the Akatsuki orbiter and

the 61-inch telescope on Mt. Bigelow, Arizona) observed several flashes
at 777 nm (the

unresolved triplet emission lines of excited atomic oxygen) that have
been attributed to lightning.

This conclusion is based, in part, on the statistical unlikelihood of so
many meteors producing

such energetic flashes, based in turn on the presumption that a low
fraction (< 1%) of a meteor’s

optical energy is emitted at 777 nm. We use observations of terrestrial
meteors and analogue

experiments to show that a much higher conversion factor
(~5–10%) should be expected.

Therefore, we calculate that smaller, more numerous meteors could have
caused the observed

flashes. Lightning is likely too rare to pose a hazard to missions that
pass through or dwell in the

clouds of Venus. Likewise, small meteors burn up at altitudes of
~100 km, roughly twice as high

above the surface as the clouds, and also would not pose a hazard.
Magnetic Field Observations on Interhemispheric Conjugate Chains
Authors: Weimer Daniel R , Clauer C. Robert , Xu Zhonghua , Coyle Shane , Hartinger Michael D.
Published: May 2023

A chain of magnetometers has been placed in Antartica for comparisons
with magnetic field measurements taken in the northern hemisphere. The
locations were chosen to be on magnetic field lines that connect to
magnetometers on the western coast of Greenland, despite the difficulty
of reaching and working at such remote locations. We report on some
basic comparisons of the similarities and differences in the conjugate
measurements. Our results presented here confirm that the conjugate
sites do have very similar (symmetric) magnetic perturbations in a
handful of cases, as expected. Sign reversals are required for two
components in order to obtain this agreement, which is not commonly
known. More frequently, a strong Y component of the Interplanetary
Magnetic Field (IMF) breaks the symmetry, as well as the unequal
conductivities in the opposite hemispheres, as shown in two examples. In
one event the IMF Y component reversed signs twice within two hours,
while the magnetometer chains were approaching local noon. This switch
provided an opportunity to observe the effects at the conjugate
locations and to measure time lags. It was found that the magnetic
fields at the most poleward sites started to respond to the sudden IMF
reversals 18 min after the IMF reaches the bow shock, a measure of the
time it takes for the electromagnetic signal to travel to the
magnetopause, and then along magnetic field lines to the polar
ionospheres. An additional 9 to 14 min is required for the magnetic
perturbations to complete their transition.
Forecasting Extreme Ultraviolet Thermospheric Drivers from Solar Imaging using Deep Learning
Authors: Brown Edward J. E. , Svoboda Filip , Meredith Nigel P.
Published: May 2023

The thermosphere is heated by incident extreme ultraviolet (EUV)
radiation from the Sun. Accurately forecasting this driver of
thermospheric density is of paramount importance to spacecraft
operations, such as collision avoidance, in an increasingly crowded low
Earth orbit environment. This study uses deep learning techniques to
forecast solar irradiance from three solar EUV/UV image channels (9.4nm,
33.5nm, and 160.0nm) taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory up to four
days in advance. The proposed model is able to forecast 23 wavelength
bands from 0.05nm to 121nm (produced from the FISM2 empirical irradiance
model (Chamberlin et al., 2020)) with a mean absolute percentage error
of 6.0% and an average improvement in the mean absolute percentage
error of 36.45% over the baseline persistence model at a 4 day time
horizon. The study further validates the model and derives insights
about its internal working by testing and investigating the importance
of its core components.
Sparse, Empirically Optimized Quadrature for Radiative Calculations
Authors: Czarnecki Paulina , Pincus Robert , Polvani Lorenzo M
Published: May 2023

Broadband (spectrally-integrated) radiation calculations are dominated
by the expense of spectral integration, and many applications require
fast parameterizations for computing radiative flux. Here we describe a
novel approach using a linear weighted sum of monochromatic calculations
at a small set of optimally-chosen frequencies. The
empirically-optimized quadrature method is used to compute atmospheric
boundary fluxes, net flux profiles throughout the atmosphere, heating
rate profiles, and top-of-the-atmosphere forcing by CO2. We evaluate the
method against two modern correlated k-distributions and find that we
can achieve comparable errors with 32 spectral points. We also examine
the effect of minimizing different cost functions, and find that in
order to accurately represent heating rates and CO2 forcing, these
quantities must be included in the cost function.
European summer synoptic circulations and their observed 2022 and projected influence on hot and dry extremes
Authors: Herrera-Lormendez Pedro , Douville Hervé , Matschullat Jorg
Published: May 2023

In 2022, western Europe experienced its hottest summer on record and
widespread dry conditions, with substantial impacts on health, water and
vegetation. Here we use a reanalysis to classify daily mean sea level
pressure fields and investigate the influence of synoptic circulations
on the occurrence of temperature extremes and dry days. Summer 2022
featured an above-normal occurrence of anticyclones extending from the
British Isles to the Baltic countries, as well as enhanced easterly,
southerly and low-flow conditions which contributed to the observed
extremes over southern and western Europe. While the hot summer of 2022
is only marginally explained by circulation anomalies, such anomalies
played a key role in the exceptional occurrence of dry days. The
comparison with summer circulation anomalies projected by twenty global
climate models moreover suggests that future circulation changes will
further exacerbate hot and dry extremes over Europe.
Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER): Instrument and Science Measurement Description
Authors: Esplin Roy , Ulwick James , Russell James M , Gordley Larry L. , Beaumont Kenneth , Beaver Guy , Brown Christopher , Brown Steven , Cisewski Michael , Denkins Todd , Dyer James , Eden Thomas , Espy Patrick Joseph , Felt Matt , Garcia Rolando R. , Grube Richard , Hansen Glen , Hansen Scott , Hunt Linda A , Huppi Ron , Jensen Mark , Jensen Scott , Lingenfelser Gretchen , Puertas Manuel Lopez , Marshall Benjamin T. , Melbert Mark , Mertens Christopher J. , Paskett Keith , Paxton Gregory J , Peri Frank , Petersen James , Picard Richard H. , Remsberg Ellis E. , Roble Raymond G , Roettker William , Scott Deron , Shumway Andrew , Siskind David E. , Solomon Susan , Stauder John , Stone Kenneth , Tansock Joe , Thompson R. Earl , wang yunfei , Winick Jeremy , Wintersteiner Peter P. , Wells James E , Zollinger Lorin
Published: May 2023

SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry)
is a 10-channel infrared radiometer that is one of four instruments on
the NASA TIMED (Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and
Dynamics) satellite mission to study the structure, energetics,
chemistry, and dynamics of the Earth’s mesosphere and lower
thermosphere. The TIMED spacecraft was launched into a 625 km circular
polar orbit (74.1º inclination) via a Boeing Delta II rocket from
Vandenberg Air Force Base on 7 December 2001. SABER continues to operate
nominally and collect data routinely as it has for over 21 years. Over
2,200 peer-reviewed journal articles have been published worldwide using
SABER data. A list of these articles is included in the Supporting
Information accompanying this paper. This paper presents a detailed
technical description of the SABER instrument including major subsystems
of the instrument and technical performance parameters. This paper
comprehensively describes the instrument and its components and provides
final instrument design and performance parameters. The motivation for
this paper is to document this information permanently for future
reference. The Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL) of Utah State University
designed, fabricated, and calibrated the SABER instrument in close
collaboration with NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton University, and
Global Atmospheric Technologies and Science (GATS).
Electron heating associated with magnetic reconnection in foreshock waves: particle-in-cell simulation analysis
Authors: Wang Shan , Yang Yan
Published: May 2023

Magnetic reconnection occurs in turbulent plasmas like shock transition
regions, while its exact role in energy dissipation therein is not yet
clear. We perform a 2D particle-in-cell simulation for foreshock waves
and study electron heating associated with reconnection. The probability
distribution of Te exhibits a shift to higher values near reconnection
X-lines compared to elsewhere. By examining the Te evolution using the
superposed epoch analysis, we find that Te is higher in reconnection
than in non-reconnecting current sheets, and Te increases over the ion
cyclotron time scale. The heating rate of Te is 10%-40% miVA2, where
VA is the average ion Alfvén speed in reconnection regions, which
demonstrates the importance of reconnection in heating electrons. We
further investigate the bulk electron energization mechanisms by
decomposing under guiding center approximations. Around the reconnection
onset, E|| dominates the total energization partly
contributed by electron holes, and the perpendicular energization is
dominant by the magnetization term associated with the gyro-motion in
the inhomogeneous fields. The Fermi mechanism contributes negative
energization at early time mainly due to the Hall effect, and later the
outflow in the reconnection plane contributes more dominant positive
values. After a couple of ion cyclotron periods from reconnection onset,
the Fermi mechanism dominates the energization. A critical factor for
initiating reconnection is to drive current sheets to the de-scale
thickness. The reconnection structures can be complicated due to flows
originated from the ion-scale waves, and interactions between multiple
reconnection sites. These features may assist future analysis of
observation data.
Silica-bearing Mounds and Strata in the Southwest Melas Basin, Valles Marineris, Mars: Evidence for a Hydrothermal Origin
Authors: Rogers Emma Rae , Qualizza Briar , Heidenreich Joseph , Dawson Henry G , Horgan Briony Heather Noelle
Published: May 2023

A small basin on the southwest margin of Melas Chasma in Valles
Marineris, Mars, hosts a variety of previously identified sedimentary
fans and layered strata hypothesized to have been formed by one or more
paleolakes. This basin also contains light-toned layered mounds that
have distinct spectral absorption bands consistent with amorphous
hydrated silica (e.g., opal). While the general morphology and
mineralogy of these features and the basin itself has been previously
characterized, the formation mechanism of the hydrated silica features
and their temporal relationships with the proposed paleolake remains to
be determined. We use Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for
Mars (CRISM) visible through short-wave infrared reflectance spectra
(0.35-2.65 µm) and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment(HiRISE)
digital terrain models and images to analyze the stratigraphic location
and morphology of the opaline silica-bearing features in the Southwest
Melas basin. We find that the basin hosts fourteen high-relief ‘mounds’,
eight low-relief ‘patches’, and two extended layers within the
sedimentary strata that are light-toned, fractured, and often exhibit
hydrated silica-like spectral signatures. We hypothesize that the mounds
are spring deposits formed by sub-aerial hydrothermal activitiy, while
the patches and layers correspond to sub-lacustrine hydrothermal
activity. The varied stratigraphic elevations of the mounds and patches
indicate at least one fluctuation of lake level in the basin during its
history. The combination of contemporaneous hydrothermal and lacustrine
activity to form silica-cemented lacustrine deposits in a nutrient-rich
subaqueous environment would have been conducive to forming and
preserving signs of biological activity in the Southwest Melas basin.
Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER): Instrument and Science Measurement Description
Authors: Esplin Roy , Ulwick James , Russell James M , Gordley Larry L. , Beaumont Kenneth , Beaver Guy , Brown Christopher , Brown Steven , Cisewski Michael , Denkins Todd , Dyer James , Eden Thomas , Espy Patrick Joseph , Felt Matt , Garcia Rolando R. , Grube Richard , Hansen Glen , Hansen Scott , Hunt Linda A , Huppi Ron , Jensen Mark , Jensen Scott , Lingenfelser Gretchen , Puertas Manuel Lopez , Marshall Benjamin T. , Melbert Mark , Mertens Christopher J. , Paskett Keith , Paxton Gregory J , Peri Frank , Petersen James , Picard Richard H. , Remsberg Ellis E. , Roble Raymond G , Roettker William , Scott Deron , Shumway Andrew , Siskind David E. , Solomon Susan , Stauder John , Stone Kenneth , Tansock Joe , Thompson R. Earl , wang yunfei , Winick Jeremy , Wintersteiner Peter P. , Wells James E , Zollinger Lorin
Published: May 2023

SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry)
is a 10-channel infrared radiometer that is one of four instruments on
the NASA TIMED (Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and
Dynamics) satellite mission to study the structure, energetics,
chemistry, and dynamics of the Earth’s mesosphere and lower
thermosphere. The TIMED spacecraft was launched into a 625 km circular
polar orbit (74.1º inclination) via a Boeing Delta II rocket from
Vandenberg Air Force Base on 7 December 2001. SABER continues to operate
nominally and collect data routinely as it has for over 21 years. Over
2,200 peer-reviewed journal articles have been published worldwide using
SABER data. A list of these articles is included in the Supporting
Information accompanying this paper. The Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL)
of Utah State University designed, fabricated, and calibrated the SABER
instrument in close collaboration with NASA Langley Research Center,
Hampton University, and Global Atmospheric Technologies and Science
(GATS). This paper provides a detailed technical description of the
SABER instrument, including performance specifications and observed
instrument performance.