bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging the root–rhizosphere interface using micro computed tomography: quantifying void ratio and root volume ratio profiles
Authors: Lascurain Tomás , Angelidakis Vasileios , Luli Saimir , Nadimi Sadegh
Published: June 2021

Root growth alters soil fabric and consequently its mechanical and physical properties. Recent studies show that roots induce compaction of soil in their immediate vicinity, a region that is central for plant health. However, high quality quantification of root influence on the soil fabric, able to inform computational models is lacking from the literature. This study quantifies the relationship between soil physical characteristics and root growth, giving special emphasis on how roots in early stage formation influence the physical architecture of the surrounding soil structure. High-resolution X-ray micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) is used to acquire three dimensional images of two homogeneously-packed samples. It is observed that the void ratio profile extending from the soil-root interface into the bulk soil is altered by root growth. The roots considerably modify the immediate soil physical characteristics by creating micro cracks at the soil-root interface and by increasing void ratio. This paper presents the mechanisms that led to the observed structure as well as some of the implications that it has in such a dynamic zone.
Exploring chemo-mechanics of granular material using DEM
Authors: Viswanath P. , Das Arghya
Published: June 2021

Particle Size Distribution (PSD) is one of the prime guiding factors of granular media response. Degradation via weathering is a process, which brings about a gradual shift in the PSD. In nature, chemically sensitive material like calcite undergoes chemo-mechanical degradation bringing about variations in their behaviour. In the present study, an experimental investigation is carried out to get insight into the mechanical response during the coupled chemo-mechanical process. The experiments were carried out at two different rates of dissolutions in a custom made 1D compression mould. From the experiments, it is clear that the higher rate of dissolution reduces the lateral earth pressure more than the lower rate. Discrete Element Method (DEM) analyses the micromechanical process behind the observed response from experiments. The results showed a reduction in lateral stress as soon as the dissolution starts. DEM analysis confirms the competing mechanism between grain size reduction and grain rearrangement as the guiding element for the granular media response.
Bulk modulus of soft particle assemblies under compression
Authors: Cantor David , Cárdenas-Barrantes Manuel , Preechawuttipong Itthichai , Renouf Mathieu , Azéma Emilien
Published: June 2021

Using a numerical approach based on the coupling of the discrete and finite element methods, we explore the variation of the bulk modulusKof soft particle assemblies undergoing isotropic compression. As the assemblies densify under pressure-controlled boundary conditions, we show that the non-linearities ofKrapidly deviate from predictions standing on a small-strain framework or the, so-called, Equivalent Medium Theory (EMT). Using the granular stress tensor and extracting the bulk properties of single representative grains under compression, we propose a model to predict the evolution ofKas a function of the sample’s solid fraction and a reference state as the applied pressureP→0. The model closely reproduces the trends observed in our numerical experiments confirming the behavior scalability of soft particle assemblies from the individual particle scale. Finally, we present the effect of the interparticle friction onK’s evolution and how our model easily adapts to such a mechanical constraint.
Analytical and DEM studies of thermal stress in granular materials
Authors: Morimoto Tokio , O’Sullivan Catherine , Taborda David M. G.
Published: June 2021

The ability to predict thermal-induced stresses in granular materials is of practical importance across a range of disciplines ranging from process engineering to geotechnical engineering. This study presents an analytical formula to predict thermal-induced stress increments in mono-disperse granular materials subject to an initial isotropic stress state. A complementary series of DEM simulations were carried out to explore the applicability of the proposed analytical formula. The comparative analysis showed that the proposed expression can accurately predict stress changes in packings where there are negligible particle displacements as a consequence of the thermal loading (e.g. regular packings and medium/dense random packings); however large errors were observed in loose samples with a random packing.
Triple barcoding for a hyperparasite, its parasitic host, and the host itself: a study of Cyclocotyla bellones (Monogenea) on Ceratothoa parallela (Isopoda) on Boops boops (Teleostei)
Authors: Bouguerche Chahinez , Tazerouti Fadila , Gey Delphine , Justine Jean-Lou
Published: June 2021

Cyclocotyla bellones Otto, 1823 (Diclidophoridae) is a monogenean characterised by an exceptional way of life. It is a hyperparasite that attaches itself to the dorsal face of isopods, themselves parasites in the buccal cavity of fishes. In this study, Cy. bellones was found on Ceratothoa parallela (Otto, 1828), a cymothoid isopod parasite of the sparid fish Boops boops off Algeria in the Mediterranean Sea. We provide, for the first time, molecular barcoding information of a hyperparasitic monogenean, the parasitic crustacean host, and the fish host, with COI sequences.
Management of Venous Malformations
Authors: Acord Michael , Srinivasan Abhay
Published: June 2021

Venous malformations (VMs) are slow-flow, congenital vascular anomalies that are a result of vascular dysgenesis. Clinical presentation and morbidity depend on size, location, and association with other syndromes. VMs are the most common symptomatic vascular anomaly referred for intervention, usually due to thrombosis, swelling, mass effect, functional compromise, or cosmetic concerns. Treatment for larger lesions can be challenging and a multidisciplinary approach involving medical, interventional, and surgical input is critical for comprehensive care. This article will assist the interventional radiologist in patient assessment and will discuss current techniques for treatment, means to minimize adverse events, and expected outcomes.
Computational appraisal of gender representativeness in popular movies
Authors: Mazières Antoine , Menezes Telmo , Roth Camille
Published: June 2021

Gender representation in mass media has long been mainly studied by qualitatively analyzing content. This article illustrates how automated computational methods may be used in this context to scale up such empirical observations and increase their resolution and significance. We specifically apply a face and gender detection algorithm on a broad set of popular movies spanning more than three decades to carry out a large-scale appraisal of the on-screen presence of women and men. Beyond the confirmation of a strong under-representation of women, we exhibit a clear temporal trend towards fairer representativeness. We further contrast our findings with respect to a movie genre, budget, and various audience-related features such as movie gross and user ratings. We lastly propose a fine description of significant asymmetries in the mise-en-scène and mise-en-cadre of characters in relation to their gender and the spatial composition of a given frame.
The role of nonlinear mechanical properties of biomimetic hydrogels for organoid growth
Authors: Buchmann Benedikt , Fernández Pablo , Bausch Andreas R.
Published: June 2021

Cell-driven plastic remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key regulator driving cell invasion and organoid morphogenesis in 3D. While, mostly, the linear properties are reported, the nonlinear and plastic property of the used matrix is required for these processes to occur. Here, we report on the nonlinear and plastic mechanical properties of networks derived from collagen I, Matrigel, and related hybrid gels and link their mechanical response to the underlying collagen structure. We reveal the predominantly linear behavior of Matrigel over a wide range of strains and contrast this to the highly nonlinear and plastic response of collagen upon mechanical load. We show that the mechanical nonlinear response of collagen can be gradually diminished by enriching the network stepwise with Matrigel. This tunability results from the suppression of collagen polymerization in the presence of Matrigel, resulting in a collagen network structure with significant smaller mesh size and consequent contribution to the mechanical response. Thus, the nonlinear plastic properties and structure of the ECM is not simply the addition of two independent network types but depends on the exact polymerization conditions. The understanding of this interplay is key toward an understanding of the dependencies of cellular interactions with their ECM and sheds light on the nonlinear cell–ECM interaction during organogenesis.
Damage effect of hafnium oxide gate dielectric based metal–oxide–semiconductor structure under gamma-ray irradiation
Authors: Ding Man , Liu Xin
Published: June 2021

The radiation response of HfO2 films on a silicon substrate under gamma rays is studied in this article. HfO2 films with the thickness of 12.8 and 4.3 nm are prepared on a p-type silicon substrate by using the atomic layer deposition method, and the HfO2/Si MOS structure is irradiated under gamma rays with the total dose of 1.2/2.5/4 Mrad. The generation, transportation, and trapping characteristics of radiation induced charges are studied by using electronic, physical, and chemical methods. First, radiation induced oxide and interface trapped charge densities are found to be up to 1012 cm−2, and oxygen vacancies in HfO2 and Hf–Si metallic bonds at the HfO2/Si interface are dominant defects in the HfO2/Si system. Second, the leakage current through HfO2 increases with the increase in the radiation total dose and the crystallinity also increases after a large total dose of irradiation. Third, the valence band offset between HfO2 and Si is found to decrease slightly after irradiation. From the results, we can see that HfO2 is radiation resistant from the aspect of charge trapping even under a very large total dose of radiation, but the radiation induced leakage current and crystal structure change in the HfO2 film cannot be ignored. This provides a reference for microelectronic devices working in the space environment.
Mechanism of temperature-induced zero drift on electro-hydraulic servo valve
Authors: Ma Li , Yan Hao , Cai Cunkun , Ren Yukai
Published: June 2021

An electro-hydraulic servo valve is objectively asymmetrical in the process of fabrication and assembly, and the zero position is the result of comprehensive adjustment. During the use of the electro-hydraulic servo valve, the rapid rise of temperature will lead to the zero drift phenomenon and the change in the flow state of the servo valve. With the change in temperature, the thicknesses of air gaps, the size of the orifice, the flow coefficient, the armature’s arm of force, the permanent magnets’ reluctances, and the polarization magnetomotive force, the stiffness of the spring tube and feedback rod will act on the property of the torque motor and the pilot stage. Considering the factors of temperature and processing assembly on the zero drift of the electro-hydraulic servo valve, a mathematical theory model describing the temperature zero drift characteristics is constructed. When the temperature range is 20–270 °C, the analysis demonstrated that the control error of the servo valve will exceed the expected 15%. The temperature has the most significant effect on the servo valve through the flow coefficient. The initial installation angle deflection is the domain route on the temperature zero drift, and other factors have less effect. Compared with the experimental results, the temperature-induced zero drift model correctly calculates the control error trend of the servo valve caused by an increase in temperature, and it will contribute to improving the control precision of the servo valve.
Hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical boehmite (γ-AlOOH) hollow microspheres with highly active surface
Authors: Wang Fang , Yuan Xue , Wang Dengwu
Published: June 2021

In this study, hierarchical boehmite (γ-AlOOH) hollow microspheres with highly active surface were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the hierarchical structure of the product was composed of hexagonal nanoflake units. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed that the (010) plane was the main exposed surface of the crystal, and the ratio of the (010) plane to the total surface area of the crystal units was about 91.5%. The (010) plane of γ-AlOOH is occupied by hydroxyl groups with adsorption activity, which has a great influence on the adsorption performance of the materials. The possible mechanism of the product was proposed. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, which was used as the structure inducer, broke the interlayer hydrogen bonds of γ-AlOOH. As a result, the separated layers of the crystal formed thin flake-like structure units. The (010) crystal surface, which was usually caught between the lattice layers, could be exposed on the surface with this unique morphology. The N2 adsorption–desorption experiment showed that the specific surface area of the as-synthesized product was 43.5 m2 g−1. The adsorption capacity test revealed that γ-AlOOH hollow microspheres had an excellent adsorption performance, namely, the maximum adsorption capacity of the product for Congo red is 110 mg g−1.
Numerical analysis of propeller-excited plate vibrations
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Ning Xiaoshen , Guo Hang , Wang Xu , Li Fugeng , Sun Shili
Published: June 2021

Intense vibrations excited by a propeller worsen the structural reliability of a ship. In this study, a ship hull is modeled as a simple rectangular plate to study propeller excitation vibrations. The interaction between a rectangular plate and propeller is studied, considering the fluid–structure interaction. The turbulence in the flow field is modeled by detached eddy simulations. The results show that in the propeller wake, the pressure fluctuations corresponding to the blade passing frequency (BPF) of the propeller are dominant. In the flow field near the plate, the pressure fluctuations corresponding to the natural frequencies of the plate are dominant. The plate vibrations under a propeller exciting force contain vibrations corresponding to the BPF of the propeller and natural frequencies of the plate. The vibrations of the plate can be divided into vibrations caused by propeller rotation and natural vibrations. The excitation force from the propeller changes the mode shapes of the plate. The vibrations excited by the propeller wake decrease as the distance between the propeller and the plate increases.
Theoretical study of a high-efficiency GaP–Si heterojunction betavoltaic cell compared with metal–Si Schottky barrier betavoltaic cell
Authors: Wang Yu , Lu Jingbin , Zheng Renzhou , Li Xiaoyi , Liu Yumin , Zhang Xue , Zhang Yuehui , Chen Ziyi
Published: June 2021

In this work, energy converters, which contain a GaP–Si heterojunction and Si-based Schottky barrier diodes with Al, Ti, Ag, and W, are used to convert 2 μm-thick 63Ni radioactive source energy into electrical energy. First, energy deposition distributions of the 63Ni radioactive source in these converters are simulated by using the Monte Carlo method. Then, the electrical output properties of the 63Ni/GaP–Si cell and 63Ni/metal–Si cell are determined through the numerical calculation. For the 63Ni/GaP–Si cell, with the optimized thickness of the GaP layer and doping concentration of Si, the maximum output power density and the conversion efficiency are 0.189 µW cm−2 and 1.83%, respectively. For the Si-based Schottky barrier cells with Al, Ti, Ag, and W, the 63Ni/Al–Si cell has the best electrical output properties with the same thickness of the metal layer and doping concentration of Si. When the thickness of metal Al is 0.1 µm and the doping concentration Na is 1 × 1013 cm−3, the maximum output power density and the conversion efficiency are 0.121 µW cm−2 and 1.18%, respectively. The calculation results indicate that the 63Ni/GaP–Si battery has better electrical output properties than the 63Ni/Al–Si Schottky battery. These results are valuable for fabricating practical batteries.
Deep learning virtual Zernike phase contrast imaging for singlet microscopy
Authors: Bian Yinxu , Jiang Yannan , Deng Weijie , Shen Renbing , Shen Hua , Kuang Cuifang
Published: June 2021

Singlet microscopy is very attractive for the development of cost-effective and portable microscopes. In contrast to conventional microscope objectives, which consist of multiple lenses, the manufacturing process for singlet lenses is done without extensive assembling and aligning. In this manuscript, we report a novel singlet virtual Zernike phase contrast microscopy setup for unstained pathological tumor tissue slides. In this setup, the objective consists of only one lens. There is no need for the inset Zernike phase plate, which is even more expensive than a whole brightfield microscopy setup. The Zernike phase contrast is virtually achieved by the deep learning computational imaging method. For the practical virtual Zernike phase contrast microscopy setup, the computational time is less than 100 ms, which is far less than that of other computational quantitative phase imaging algorithms. With a conceptual demo experimental setup, we proved our proposed method to be competitive with a research-level conventional Zernike phase contrast microscope and effective for the unstained transparent pathological tumor tissue slides. It is believed that our deep learning singlet virtual phase contrast microscopy is potential for the development of low-cost and portable microscopes and benefits resource-limited areas.
Inhibition of apical domain formation does not block blastocyst development in bovine embryos
Authors: dos Anjos S. A. A. , da Costa C. P. , Assumpção M. E. O. A. , Visintin J. A. , Goissis M. D.
Published: June 2021

The first event of cellular differentiation consists of the segregation of the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass. Studies in mice suggest that cell contractility and the formation of an apical domain play important roles in this event; however, this remains unknown in the bovine. We tested the hypothesis that blocking apical domain formation would halt subsequent trophectoderm differentiation in bovine embryos. We first assessed the formation of an apical domain by the presence of Par-6 Family Cell Polarity Regulator Beta (PARD6B) and Ezrin (EZR), which appeared after the 8-cell stage. We inhibited apical domain formation by blocking cell contractility with 25 μM (–)-blebbistatin. Treatment from 90 to 186 h after insemination did not reduce blastocyst development compared with the untreated control group or the group treated with inactive (+)-blebbistatin. Immunofluorescence staining after blebbistatin treatment revealed the absence of EZR and the trophectoderm marker Caudal Type Homeobox 2 (CDX2). Following blebbistatin treatment, Yes1 Associated Transcriptional Regulator (YAP), which is involved in the Hippo signalling pathway, exhibited cytoplasmic staining instead of nuclear localisation. Despite changes in protein expression and localisation, no difference in trophectoderm or total cell numbers was observed. In conclusion, inhibition of cell contractility inhibited apical domain formation without impairing blastocyst formation, suggesting that a different biological mechanism is involved in trophectoderm and inner cell mass differentiation in bovine embryos.
Drivers of fatal bird collisions in an urban center
Authors: Van Doren Benjamin M. , Willard David E. , Hennen Mary , Horton Kyle G. , Stuber Erica F. , Sheldon Daniel , Sivakumar Ashwin H. , Wang Julia , Farnsworth Andrew , Winger Benjamin M.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Collisions with built structures are an important source of bird mortality, killing hundreds of millions of birds annually in North America alone. Nocturnally migrating birds are attracted to and disoriented by artificial lighting, making light pollution an important factor in collision mortality, and there is growing interest in mitigating the impacts of light to protect migrating birds. We use two decades of data to show that migration magnitude, light output, and wind conditions are important predictors of collisions at a large building in Chicago and that decreasing lighted window area could reduce bird mortality by ∼60%. Our finding that extinguishing lights can reduce bird death has global implications for conservation action campaigns aimed at eliminating an important cause of bird mortality.
Overcoming COVID-19 vaccination resistance when alternative policies affect the dynamics of conformism, social norms, and crowding out
Authors: Schmelz Katrin , Bowles Samuel
Published: June 2021

Significance

We provide a model of policy effectiveness to explore the dynamics of vaccine resistance, drawing on our panel data set. The key ideas motivating the model are that voluntary citizen compliance is essential to policy success even under enforcement and that compliance preferences are endogenous, possibly crowded out by enforcement or enhanced due to conformism as more other citizens comply. Our panel data tracks intraindividual changes in trust in public institutions and vaccine acceptance, allowing inferences about causal effects. Our contribution is the integration of three features: 1) a model of interaction of public policy and citizen preferences, 2) using appropriate data, and 3) allowing insights on how to address the COVID-19 pandemic and other important societal challenges.
The WAVE complex associates with sites of saddle membrane curvature
Authors: Pipathsouk Anne , Brunetti Rachel M. , Town Jason P. , Graziano Brian R. , Breuer Artù , Pellett Patrina A. , Marchuk Kyle , Tran Ngoc-Han T. , Krummel Matthew F. , Stamou Dimitrios , Weiner Orion D.
Published: June 2021

How local interactions of actin regulators yield large-scale organization of cell shape and movement is not well understood. Here we investigate how the WAVE complex organizes sheet-like lamellipodia. Using super-resolution microscopy, we find that the WAVE complex forms actin-independent 230-nm-wide rings that localize to regions of saddle membrane curvature. This pattern of enrichment could explain several emergent cell behaviors, such as expanding and self-straightening lamellipodia and the ability of endothelial cells to recognize and seal transcellular holes. The WAVE complex recruits IRSp53 to sites of saddle curvature but does not depend on IRSp53 for its own localization. Although the WAVE complex stimulates actin nucleation via the Arp2/3 complex, sheet-like protrusions are still observed in ARP2-null, but not WAVE complex-null, cells. Therefore, the WAVE complex has additional roles in cell morphogenesis beyond Arp2/3 complex activation. Our work defines organizing principles of the WAVE complex lamellipodial template and suggests how feedback between cell shape and actin regulators instructs cell morphogenesis.
Accessibility measure for eternal inflation: dynamical criticality and higgs metastability
Authors: Khoury Justin
Published: June 2021

We propose a new measure for eternal inflation, based on search optimization and first-passage statistics. This work builds on the dynamical selection mechanism for vacua based on search optimization proposed recently by the author and Parrikar. The approach is motivated by the possibility that eternal inflation has unfolded for a finite time much shorter than the exponentially long mixing time for the landscape. The proposed accessibility measure assigns greater weight to vacua that are accessed efficiently under time evolution. It is the analogue of the closeness centrality index widely used in network science. The proposed measure enjoys a number of desirable properties. It is independent of initial conditions and oblivious to physical vs comoving weighing of pocket universes. Importantly, the proposed measure makes concrete and testable predictions that are largely independent of anthropic reasoning. Firstly, it favors vacua residing in regions of the landscape with funnel-like topography, akin to the energy landscape of naturally-occurring proteins. Secondly, it favors regions of the landscape that are tuned at dynamical criticality, with vacua having an average lifetime of order the de Sitter Page time. Thus the predicted lifetime of our universe is of order its Page time, ∼ 10130 years, which is compatible with Standard Model estimates for electroweak metastability. Relatedly, the supersymmetry breaking scale should be high, at least 1010 GeV. The discovery of beyond-the-Standard Model particles at the Large Hadron Collider or future accelerators, including low-scale supersymmetry, would rule out the possibility that our vacuum lies in an optimal region of the landscape. The present framework suggests a correspondence between the near-criticality of our universe and dynamical critical phenomena on the string landscape.
Sourced fluctuations in generic slow contraction
Authors: Artymowski Michał , Ben-Dayan Ido , Thattarampilly Udaykrishna
Published: June 2021

We introduce a set of generic conditions for the slow contracting Universe and for a narrowed-down category of models called fast-roll models. We present general conditions for superhorizon freeze-out of scalar and tensor perturbations and show that any fast-roll model satisfies them, as in the case of inflation. We are interested in the “Sourced Bounce” scenario, where perturbations are sourced by a U(1) gauge field coupled to a bouncer scalar field. The requirement of a slightly red tilted scalar spectrum greatly restricts the allowed couplings between the scalar and the gauge field. We show that a viable slightly red scalar spectrum is achievable. However, within the fast-roll approximation the tensor-to-scalar ratio is in general r ≃ 1/9, inconsistent with current observations. We demonstrate the general result with an explicit example we dub "Intermediate contraction". We prove that small modifications in fast-roll that do not alter the Green's functions, do not result in r < 0.06 consistent with the data for more than an e-fold. Hence, a successful “Sourced Bounce” requires a different source or a significant deviation from fast-roll.
Greenhouse automation: smart watering system for plants in greenhouse using programmable logic control (PLC)
Authors: Dwinugroho T B , Hapsari Y T , Kurniawanti
Published: June 2021

Automation is a technology used to carry out work processes or procedures without human assistance. Greenhouse automation is carried out related to the many operational activities in the greenhouse that involve many human repetitive activities. Some of them are related to fertilizing, watering, spraying pesticides and others. In the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0, manual activities that use human labor began to diminish and were replaced with automated systems and devices in order to streamline the operation of a work field,. PLCs can be defined as a micro-computer based controllers that use instructions stored in memory that can be programmed to implement logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic functions through digital or analog input / output (I / O) modules, to control machines and processes. This PLC is commonly used in the industrial world as an automation tool for production machines. PLC can be implemented as an automation tool in a greenhouse in this case as an automatic watering system for plants. This research resulted in a prototype of an automatic watering system on a clock based and combined clock-sensor based greenhouse that can run simultaneously on the same PLC.
DEEPORCD: Detection of Oral Cancer using Deep Learning
Authors: Dharani R. , Revathy S.
Published: June 2021

Oral cancer is a widespread and complex cancer with a high severity. Oral cancer is the eighth most common cancer in the world in India, with 130,000 deaths in each year. The tumor occurs in the salivary glands, tonsils, as well as in the neck, face and mouth. There are various diagnostic methods for oral cancer, such as a biopsy, in which a small tissue sample is taken from a part of the body and tested under a microscope also some screening methods. But the downside is that cannot clearly identify cancer cells and cannot classify the number of cells affected by cancer, so in this work cancer cells will find and classify that affected in the oral area through digital processing technology. The use of advanced technologies and an in-depth learning algorithm are possible for early detection and classification. This work uses three characteristics-extracting techniques such as the bag histogram of oriented gradients, wavelet features and the Zernike Moment. Once retrieving the texture characteristics, the fuzzy particle swarm optimization algorithm (FPSO) is applied to choose the best characteristic. Finally, these characteristics were classified using the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) classifier. For comparison of the efficiency of the proposed method, Recall Rate, Classification Accuracy, Precision Rate, and Error Rate. Evaluation outcomes demonstrated that the combination of ABC, FPSO and CNN performs better in the detection of oral cancer.
Football Player Performance Analysis using Particle Swarm Optimization and Player Value Calculation using Regression
Authors: Jana Ayanabha , Hemalatha Sweetlin
Published: June 2021

This paper aims at analysing the statistical data of various football players to establish a correlation between their play style and individual scores with their quantifiable attributes. Having established a correlation, the next step involves using the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) to simulate a match and draw a comparison between two random players, constraining their attribute scores within the boundaries of the top-recommended player for each attribute, as suggested by the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. This aids in setting up a benchmark score for the particular player position for a random selection from this subset based on z-score inference. Having optimized the player position score, stepwise regression and smoothing splines are used to model a prediction to compute the overall score of the player. Lastly, a regression equation is modelled using stepwise regression to estimate the net worth of the player based on their skill set, and predictions are performed using the optimal score obtained from PSO, by extracting the individual attribute scores from the inverse regression relation. From the experiment, the optimized score for the left striker(LS) comes out to be 86.32766. Running the PSO on all left strikers gives a 98% probability of obtaining a player whose score is greater than the benchmark score. For the two left strikers whose scores were optimized, the predicted worth from the stepwise model comes out to be 8.933734 and 8.191562, the former being greater than the historical worth.
Development of a Navigation and Position Tracking System for a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) – ORCA
Authors: Tejaswini P , Deepika I Sai , Santhanam Sakthivel Murugan
Published: June 2021

Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are a class of manually operated underwater vehicles that are designed for specific applications in maritime environments. For an underwater vehicle, vigilant precautions must be ensured in designing the navigation module because of the inconsistent nature of underwater channels. This paper aims to focus on the same, by developing an apt navigation system for the Remotely Operated Vehicle, ORCA which has been equipped with sensors such as temperature, pressure, and leak detector, for monitoring the ambient conditions during deployment and an Inertial Measurement Unit for tracking and positioning of an ROV. Mission Oriented Operating Suite-Interval Programming runs as the platform for navigation. Emergency Float-Up Mechanism that allows the system to be easily retrieved during emergency failures has been built in. The authors have made a successful attempt at building a navigation module that achieves stability and accurate positioning of an ROV after certain post-processing of data.
Extraction of High-level and Low-level feature for classification of Image using Ridgelet and CNN based Image Classification
Authors: Nisia T Gladima , Rajesh S
Published: June 2021

Remote Sensing image classification is an important research area for the recent time, because of its various application areas. Among the many available feature extraction methods, this paper uses the ridgelet based feature extraction method and those obtained features are combined with deep features obtained from the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Here, the Ridgelet’s are used to obtain the low-level features and CNN is used to obtain high-level feature. The system tries to construct the ridgelet filter for obtaining the low-level feature. The multi-resolution CNN is introduced using the concept of fusing high-level and low-level features via ridgelet and CNNs. Then, fused features are then classified and the output classified image is obtained. Experimental verifications are conducted on NWPU-RESISC45 dataset and the output results are provided to prove the best classification accuracies compared with the other proposed systems.
Synthesis and microstructure evaluation of ODS steel 316L with zirconia dispersion
Authors: Bandriyana B , Sugeng B , Salam R , Hairani D , Sujatno A , Shabrina N , Silalahi M
Published: June 2021

An Austenitic ODS steel was developed for reactor structural material by dispersed 0.5 wt % of nano powder zirconia (ZrO2) to the AISI 316L steel. The synthesis was carried out by the powder metallurgy process with high energy milling and cooled compacting process. A new apparatus of APS (Arc Plasma Sintering) was used for consolidation the sample in the sintering process. Characterizations of the microstructure and elemental composition distribution were performed using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (EDX) and area mapping. Identification for the change of phasesand hardness were analyzed using the XRD-test and Vickers Hardness measurement. Austenitic phase with relatively equiaxed grain and homogeny distribution of the ZrO2 dispersoid were identified after the sintering process followed by the improvement of hardness due to the pinning effect of the grain boundaries.
Modified screen-printed electrode using graphene ink for electrochemical sensor application
Authors: Anshori I , Harimurti S , Rizalputri L N , Hartono M S , Althof R R , Handayani M , Mengko Tati L E R , Yuliarto B
Published: June 2021

In lab-on-chip development, screen printed electrode (SPE) method is usually utilized as an electrochemical sensor. As a basic conductive material, carbon has several advantages compared to other conductive materials. SPE performance can be enhanced by using a nanomaterial due to its unique properties, such as its small size particle and large surface area that can accelerate the electron transfer on the surface of the electrode. Graphene as a carbon-based nanomaterial is an extraordinary material to work with because of its good electrical conductivity and large specific surface area. In this work, we developed a graphene paste from the water-based graphene ink with the addition of polyurethane binder material to realize a nanocarbon conductive paste, which insoluble in water and other electrolytes. Our graphene paste was deposited on the working electrode area of SPE and the performance was tested using cyclic voltammetry method. The result showed that the optimal ratio for the graphene carbon paste, polyurethane to graphene ink, was 1:15 %vol. With this ratio, the performance of the modified SPE could successfully be increased and it also showed a stable sensing performance by having a low error value, below 3%, for 7 times of repeated measurements.
The differences of physicochemical characteristics of graphene-like nanomaterials directly grown on copper foil and quartz substrate in chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
Authors: Priyanti A D , Saraswati T E
Published: June 2021

The preparation of graphene material is possibly conducted using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using hydrogen, argon, and acetylene gases using a copper substrate. The use of different substrates, especially glass-based substrates, has not been widely studied. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the chemical and physical characteristics of the carbon materials grown in CVD on a different substrate, i.e., copper foil and quartz substrate. The XRD analysis of the carbon materials produced shows a definitive peak for carbon which is in broad feature and left-shifted to 2θ around 23°. Raman spectroscopy’s characterization shows that the material grown on copper foil revealed a 2D band, appearing around 2600 cm−1, which was absent for the carbon material deposited on the quartz substrate. Physically, the carbon powder produced is hydrophobic, light, and black. The structural character of the graphene material observed by using the electron microscope consists of overlapped layers. The FTIR analysis shows that the material growth on copper foil and quartz substrate has C=C bond, concluded that the material produced as graphene-like nanomaterials.
Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Copper(II) Complex with Phenylhydrazine
Authors: Rasyda Y A , Rahardjo S B , Marliyana S D
Published: June 2021

The Cu(II)-phenylhydrazine complex was synthesized and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry, molar conductivity, infrared spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The metal complex was prepared through reaction of 1:4 mole ratio of CuSO45H2O to phenylhydrazine ligand in methanol at room temperature for 15 minutes. The peak shifting in the electronic spectra to the smaller maximum wavelength than copper salt from 815 nm to 518 nm indicated the formation of the complex. The copper content in the complex was 13.93% which was according to the empirical formula of Cu(phenylhydrazine)2(SO4)(H2O)n (n= 4,5, or 6). Thermal analysis showed the release of five water molecules as hydrate and the electrical conductivity showed that the complex was nonelectrolyte. The complex was paramagnetic with an effective magnetic moment of 1.93 BM. The broadness band peak of the electronic spectra at 19531 cm−1 showed the d-d transition. The studies confirmed that the ligand is monodentate and the proposed formula of the complex was [Cu(phenylhydrazine)2(SO4)]·5H2O with square planar geometry.
Synthesis and Phases Characterization of Fe-Cr ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) Steel Using X-ray Diffraction Technique
Authors: Sugeng B , Bandriyana B , Silalahi M
Published: June 2021

The formation of Fe-Cr alloy phase was analyzed using X_Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique to improve the synthesis process of the Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steel. Synthesis of the ODS steel was performed using powder metallurgy method with a difference milling time of 3 hours, 5 hours and 7 hours. The phase composition and structure parameters of the Fe-Cr phase was analyzed by processing the diffraction data using the software of Rietveld refinement HighScore Plus. The crystallite size and microstrain of the alloy was calculated by the Williamson-Hall equation plot method. Results of the refinement analysis showed that the Fe-Cr alloying process has been successful for samples with milling time of 3 and 7 minutes. The milling time in the synthesis process change the crystallite size and micro-strain of the Fe-Cr alloys formed.
Navigation control of Drone using Hand Gesture based on Complementary Filter Algorithm
Authors: Budiyanto A , Ramadhan M I , Burhanudin I , Triharminto H H , Santoso B
Published: June 2021

One of the most important things to use UAV is navigation control. Navigation control is a way to adjust the direction of the quadcopter movements according to the command of the pilot. Natural User Interface (NUI) is a new way to interact with a system as navigation control. In this study, a wearable device was made that can detect hand gestures and gives instructions to the Dji Tello drone. The MPU6050 sensor is used to provide response in two dimensional axes. The complementary filter implements low pass filter on the accelerometer and integrates the value of the gyroscope with the previous angle output. After that, the value will be fed to the high pass filter. The results of the two filters will obtain stable angle, by adjusting the filter coefficient and the sampling time. The aim of complementary filter method is to reduce noise in angular transformation when the pilot makes hand gestures. Based on the experiments, the results show that hand gestures could give command for Dji Tello drone movements successfully. Therefore, it has been proven that the hand gesture can be used for the navigation control system on the Dji Tello drone.
The Functionalization Study of PVDF/TiO2 Hollow Fibre Membranes Under Vacuum Calcination Exposure
Authors: Pradhana E A , Elma M , Othman M H D , Huda N , Ul-haq M D , Rampun Erdina L.A. , Rahma A
Published: June 2021

In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fibre membrane was modified by adding TiO2. TiO2presence affects the membrane structure becomes more less hydrophobic which makes the membrane less fouling. Membranes were made via dry-wet spinning method and calcined under vacuum condition by furnace (100, 300, and 500 °C). Besides, PVDF-TiO2uncalcined membrane were also prepared as comparison to investigated the effect of calcination on hollow fibre membrane’s functional groups. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicated that all PVDF-TiO2membranes have bands of OH in the TiO2at ∼1600 cm−1. Peaks of α-phase PVDF crystals appeared at ∼876, ∼876, and ∼872 cm−1for uncalcined, 100 and 300 °C, while for 500 °C the PVDF peak only shows at 874 cm−1. The peaks at ∼1200 cm−1represent CF2groups. Peaks at ∼1400 cm−1assigned to CH2groups, but it does not observed for 500 °C. Deconvolution by Fityk software that shows calcination using vacuum condition gives the compounds gradually decomposes. At high temperature calcination lead the CH2peak extremely lost.
Photodegradation of Rhodamine B using Composite AndisoI/TiO2
Authors: Pranoto  , Purnawan C , Rachmawati C
Published: June 2021

This research aims to determine the ability of andisol which is composited with TiO2 as a degrading agent of Rhodamine B dye. The composite was made by sonication and calcination. Each material was characterized by FTIR and XRD. Photodegradation was carried out under a UV lamp with variation of the degradation time for 1, 2, and 3 hours. While the pH variation was carried out at 3, 5, 7, and 9. The photodegradation results were tested using UV Vis spectrophotometer at wavelength of 552 nm. Based on these results, the optimum conditions for photodegradation at pH 5 with irradiation time of 2 hours was 39.55%.
Study on the Adsorption of Chromium (VI) Metal Ion from Aqueous Solution by Green Algae Biomass (Chara fragilis sp.)
Authors: Hastuti B. , Hapsari E.D. , Hadi S.
Published: June 2021

Chromium (VI) is major heavy metal found in textile industry wastewater that cause environmental pollution. Biosorption of heavy metals by using algae biomass has emerged as a cost-effective and efficient alternative technology. This study aims to develop algae (Chara fragilis sp) biomass as adsorbent for Cr (VI) metal ion in aqueous solution.

In this study, the optimum conditions of the absorption of biomass Chara fragilis sp. to Cr (VI) ions was determined on the parameters of the optimum contact time and adsorbent mass. Cr (IV) was analyzed by using AAS and the pattern of adsorption isotherms was determined. The results showed that Chara fragilis sp biomass has clear ability in adsorbing Cr (VI) ion in aquoeus solution with optimum contact time was 40 min and the adsorbent mass was 1 g. Under those optimum conditions, the percentage of absorption of Cr (VI) were 24% and 27%, respectively. The adsorption isotherm of Chara fragilis followed the Freundlich pattern, which showed that adsorption mechanism occured physically.
Effectiveness of Nanosilver Biosynthesis using Inulin Gembili Tuber (Dioscorea esculenta L.) on Variation of Inulin Solution Towards Particle Sizes and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Ermawati D E , Yuniastuti A , Fadjrin H I
Published: June 2021

Inulin is one of fiber and carbohydrates sources derived from plants. In the medical fields, inulin is used for prebiotic and antibacterial agent. Inulin is generally supplied by importing from America and England. Gembili is an Indonesia local tuber that is reported to have potential as a high source of inulin. In this study, the biosynthesis process was carried out using silver nitrate to produce a better properties and more effective than starting material. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of biosynthesis nanosilver using inulin gembili in variational solubility temperature of inulin at 25 °C and 60 °C to produce the expected particle size and antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli bacterias. The results of this study are biosynthesis nanosilver using inulin gembili that dissolved at temperature of 25 °C produce particle size of 29.8 nm, whereas at temperature of 60 °C produces 35.4 nm. Meanwhile, variations in temperature of inulin solubility did not show any significant difference towards silver nitrate control in the antibacterial activity test against S.aureus and E.coli, even though the FTIR spectra showed that interaction between functional groups of silver nitrate and inulin gembili. Therefore, in this study, inulin function as a capping agent and did not induce the antibacterial activity of silver nitrate.
Analysis of Rhodamine B Content in “Geplak” Marketed in Yogyakarta City in 2019
Authors: Yugatama A , Hapsari T
Published: June 2021

Rhodamine B is a coloring agent which is prohibited to add in food. Rhodamine B often used to color food product, beverage, and cosmetics. Rhodamine B is a synthetic coloring agent used in the textile and paper industry, this synthetic coloring agent is dangerous when inhaled, affects the eyes and skin, and is swallowed. The purpose of this study was to identify and know the levels of rhodamine B in geplak samples circulating in the city of Yogyakarta. Geplak samples studied amounted to 5 samples taken from souvenir shops in the city of Yogyakarta. The method used to identify rhodamine B in geplak was soaking the samples in ammonia to pull out rhodamine B dyes using wool yarn, followed by identification using thin layer chromatography with the mobile phase of n-butanol: ethyl acetate: ammonia (10: 4: 5). Then it was detected with UV light of 254 nm and 366 nm. The analysis of rhodamine B levels and the maximum wavelength of the sample was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the 5 samples examined by thin layer chromatography or UV-Vis spectrophotometry were not identified as containing rhodamine B.