bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting Life Adjustment in Patients With Lung Cancer Through a Comprehensive Care Program: Protocol for a Controlled Before-and-After Trial
Authors: Jung Wonyoung , Ahn Alice , Lee Genehee , Kong Sunga , Kang Danbee , Lee Dongok , Kim Tae Eun , Shim Young Mog , Kim Hong Kwan , Cho Jongho , Cho Juhee , Shin Dong Wook
Published: January 2024

Background

Lung cancer diagnosis affects an individual’s quality of life as well as physical and emotional functioning. Information on survivorship care tends to be introduced at the end of treatment, but early intervention may affect posttreatment adjustment. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has explored the effect of early information intervention on the return to work, family, and societal roles of lung cancer survivors.

Objective

We report the study protocol of a comprehensive care prehabilitation intervention designed to facilitate lung cancer survivors’ psychological adjustment after treatment.

Methods

A comprehensive care program was developed based on a literature review and a qualitative study of patients with lung cancer and health professionals. The Lung Cancer Comprehensive Care Program consists of educational videos and follow-up visits by a family medicine physician. To prevent contamination, the control group received routine education, whereas the intervention group received routine care and intervention. Both groups completed questionnaires before surgery (T0) and at 1-month (T1), 6-month (T2), and 1-year (T3) follow-up visits after surgery. The primary outcome was survivors’ psychological adjustment to cancer 6 months after pulmonary resection.

Results

The historical control group (n=441) was recruited from September 8, 2021, to April 20, 2022, and the intervention group (n=350) was recruited from April 22, 2022, to October 17, 2022. All statistical analyses will be performed upon completion of the study.

Conclusions

This study examined the effectiveness of an intervention that provided general and tailored informational support to lung cancer survivors, ranging from before to the end of treatment.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05078918; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05078918

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/54707
Assessing the Utility of Multimodal Large Language Models (GPT-4 Vision and Large Language and Vision Assistant) in Identifying Melanoma Across Different Skin Tones (Preprint)
Authors: Cirone Katrina , Akrout Mohamed , Abid Latif , Oakley Amanda
Published: January 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

The large language models GPT-4 Vision and Large Language and Vision Assistant are capable of understanding and accurately differentiating between benign lesions and melanoma, indicating potential incorporation into dermatologic care, medical research, and education.
The Relationship Between Personality, Resilience, and Empathy in Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Yuwei , Chen Shuyuan , Miao Lei , Chen Siying , Piao Zhenya , Tong Chi
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Empathy is related to enhancing skills, increasing engagement and education, improving compliance, reducing emotional distress, and enhancing quality of life. Although empathy and the Big Five personality traits have been studied in medical students, there is a lack of research addressing these factors in dental students, as well as exploring the role of resilience in the relationship between empathy and personality traits.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were threefold: (1) assess the level of empathy among dental students; (2) explore the correlation between the Big Five personality traits, resilience, and empathy; and (3) investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and empathy.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2023 with 291 participants who completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Big Five Inventory, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Stratified linear regression analysis was used to investigate the mediated relationship.

RESULTS

Women had a higher level of empathy than men in the fantasy dimension of empathy (P=.003). Younger participants had a higher level of empathy than older participants in the fantasy (P=.009) and empathic concern (P=.025) dimensions. First and second year students had a higher level of empathy than students in later years in the dimensions of perspective taking (P=.030), fantasy (P=.001), and empathic concern (P=.001). Perspective taking, fantasy, and empathic concern exhibited positive correlations with extraversion (r=0.41, r=0.29, r=0.35, respectively), agreeableness (r=0.58, r=0.45, r=0.59, respectively), openness (r=0.59, r=0.52, r=0.43, respectively), and conscientiousness (r=0.48 r=0.28, r=0.36, respectively). Personal distress was negatively correlated with extraversion (r=-0.42), agreeableness (r=-0.37), openness (r=-0.30), and conscientiousness (r=-0.39).
Neuroticism was positively associated with personal distress (r=0.68) and negatively associated with perspective taking (r=-0.20) and empathic concern (r=-0.20). Resilience fully mediated the relationships between empathy and the traits of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness, whereas resilience was a partial mediator in the relationships between empathy and the traits of extraversion and neuroticism.

CONCLUSIONS

Interventions that focus on personality traits and resilience may be effective strategies for enhancing empathy in dental students.
Analysis of biomarkers of stress in the perioperative period during surgical treatment for abdominal wall hernias
Authors: Ushnevych Zh.O. , Matolinets N.V.
Published: January 2024

Background. Pain impairs the patient’s quality of life after surgery and, causing a significant stress, affects life expectancy. Many biomarkers (albumin, hemoglobin, glucose level, C-reactive protein) are used to objectively assess stress, but their levels depending on the type of analgesia and their role in predicting the course of the postoperative period have not been fully studied. Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of biomarkers of stress in patients undergoing surgery for abdominal wall hernias depending on the type of perioperative analgesia. Materials and methods. Sixty-three patients who underwent surgical treatment for abdominal wall hernias took part in the study. They were divided into 3 groups according to the method of anesthesia (general, neuraxial and regional blockades). At different stages of the perioperative period, the dynamics of stress biomarkers such as cortisol and blood glucose was studied. Results. Before the operation, the blood glucose level did not differ significantly in three groups. During the traumatic period of surgical treatment, stress-induced hyperglycemia developed, its level did not depend on the type of anesthesia performed, and 24 hours after the operation, the level of glycemia significantly decreased to normal one. A significant increase in cortisol was registered in group 1. At the same time, on the contrary, the blood cortisol level decreased in patients of groups 2 and 3. After 24 hours, the blood cortisol level decreased to normal values, and in all groups, it was lower than that before surgery. Conclusions. Regardless of the type of anesthetic management, an increase in blood glucose levels was recorded in patients of all three groups during surgical treatment for abdominal wall hernias. Patients undergoing regional abdominal wall blocks had lower levels of stress biomarkers after surgery and 24 hours postoperatively compared to general anesthesia.
Artificial Intelligence as a Substitute for Human Creativity
Authors: Magurean Irina Dora , Brata Anca Monica , Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Barsan Maria , Czako Zoltan , Pop Cristina , Muresan Lucian , Jurje Alexandra Ioana , Dumitrascu Dinu Iuliu , Brata Vlad Dumitru , Leucuta Daniel Corneliu , Stanculete Mihaela Fadygas , Popa Stefan Lucian
Published: January 2024

Creativity has always been perceived as a human trait, even though the exact neural mechanisms remain unknown, it has been the subject of research and debate for a long time. The recent development of AI technologies and increased interest in AI has led to many projects capable of performing tasks that have been previously regarded as impossible without human creativity. Music composition, visual arts, literature, and science represent areas in which these technologies have started to both help and replace the creative human, with the question of whether AI can be creative and capable of creation more realistic than ever. This review aims to provide an extensive perspective over several state-of-the art technologies and applications based on AI which are currently being implemented into areas of interest closely correlated to human creativity, as well as the economic impact the development of such technologies might have on those domains.
ON THE AFFERRANTE-CARBONE THEORY OF ULTRATOUGH TAPE PEELING
Authors: Ciavarella Michele , McMeeking Robert M. , Cricrì Gabriele
Published: January 2024

In a simple and interesting theory of ultratough peeling of an elastic tape from a viscoelastic substrate, Afferrante and Carbone find that there are conditions for which the load for steady state peeling could be arbitrarily large in steady state peeling, at low angles of peeling - what they call "ultratough" peeling (Afferrante, L., Carbone, G., 2016, The ultratough peeling of elastic tapes from viscoelastic substrates, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 96, pp.223-234). Surprisingly, this seems to lead to toughness enhancement higher than the limit value observed in a very large crack in an infinite viscoelastic body, possibly even considering a limit on the stress transmitted. The Afferrante-Carbone theory seems to be a quite approximate, qualitative theory and many aspects and features of this "ultratough" peeling (e.g. conformity with the Rivlin result at low peel angles) are obtained also through other mechanisms (Begley, M.R., Collino, R.R., Israelachvili, J.N., McMeeking, R.M., 2013, Peeling of a tape with large deformations and frictional sliding, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 61(5), pp. 1265-1279) although not at “critical velocities”. Experimental and/or numerical verification would be most useful.
INCREASE IN THE FUEL EFFICIENCY OF A DIESEL ENGINE BY DISCONNECTING SOME OF ITS CYLINDERS
Authors: Gritsenko Alexandr , Shepelev Vladimir , Fedoseev Semen , Bedych Tatyana
Published: January 2024

In fuel economy, a rising level of interest in heavy duty diesel engines that industry has witnessed over the last few years continues to go up and this is not likely to change. Lowering the fuel consumption of all internal combustion engines remains a priority for years to come, driven by economic, legislative, and environmental reasons. According to statistics, the share of operating expenses to ensure transport operations in industrial production is 15-20%, wherein 16-30% of the total volume of transport operations concerns a car, tractor, and trailer. During transport operations, the engine load by the torque, in most cases, does not exceed 40-50%. The paper investigates the increase in fuel efficiency of cars and tractors by disconnecting some of the engine cylinders operated in low-load and idling modes. The research has led to the establishment of the theoretical dependencies between the effective power, engine efficiency, mass of the transported cargo, speed of the car (tractor) and the number of disconnected engine cylinders. Results of experiments suggest the interdependencies of the performance parameters of the car (tractor) when disconnecting some of the engine cylinders. It has also been established that the maximum reduction in the hourly fuel consumption occurs in the idling mode while it decreases along with an increase in the load.
APPLICATION OF HE’S FREQUENCY FORMULA TO NONLINEAR OSCILLATORS WITH GENERALIZED INITIAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Zhang Jian-Gang , Song Qing-Ru , Zhang Jian-Qiang , Wang Fang
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on the vibration periodic property of Duffing oscillator with generalized initial conditions. Firstly, the undamped case is solved by Ji-Huan He’s frequency formulation; Secondly, the formulation is extended to the damped case. Numerical verification shows that the frequency formulation is mathematically simple and physically insightful and practically applicable. This paper paves a novel way for engineers to use the formulation to study nonlinear vibration system with ease and reliability.
Q-LEARNING, POLICY ITERATION AND ACTOR-CRITIC REINFORCEMENT LEARNING COMBINED WITH METAHEURISTIC ALGORITHMS IN SERVO SYSTEM CONTROL
Authors: Zamfirache Iuliu Alexandru , Precup Radu-Emil , Petriu Emil M.
Published: January 2024

This paper carries out the performance analysis of three control system structures and approaches, which combine Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Metaheuristic Algorithms (MAs) as representative optimization algorithms. In the first approach, the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is employed to initialize the parameters (weights and biases) of the Neural Networks (NNs) involved in Deep Q-Learning by replacing the traditional way of initializing the NNs based on random generated values. In the second approach, the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm is employed to train the policy NN in Policy Iteration RL-based control. In the third approach, the GWO algorithm is employed as a critic in an Actor-Critic framework, and used to evaluate the performance of the actor NN. The goal of this paper is to analyze all three RL-based control approaches, aiming to determine which one represents the best fit for solving the proposed control optimization problem. The performance analysis is based on non-parametric statistical tests conducted on the data obtained from real-time experimental results specific to nonlinear servo system position control.
Los Cirripedios torácicos (Crustacea) de aguas someras de Tamaulipas, México
Authors: CELIS ANTONIO , RODRÍGUEZ ALMARÁZ GABINO , ÁLVAREZ FERNANDO
Published: January 2024

SE PRESENTA EL PRIMER ESTUDIO FAUNÍSTICO SOBRE LOS BALANOS TORÁCICOS (CRUSTACEA: CIRRIPEDIA: THORACICA) DE AGUAS SOMERAS DE LAS COSTAS DE TAMAULIPAS, MÉXICO. SE IDENTIFICARON 13 ESPECIES: 2 PERTENCIENTES A LA FAMILIA LEPADIDAE DENTRO DEL ORDEN PEDUNCULATA Y 11 DENTRO DEL ORDEN SESSILIA PERTENECIENTES A LAS FAMILIAS CHTHAMALIDAE (2), CHELONIBIIDAE (1), TETRACLITIDAE (1) Y BALANIDAE (6). SE INCLUYEN UNA CLAVE PARA IDENTIFICAR A LAS ESPECIES, UN BREVE TRATAMIENTO SISTEMÁTICO Y FOTOGRAFÍAS DE CADA ESPECIE.
An Approach to Weather Forecasting using Additive and Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Balikondwar Shivam , Moon Sunil Kanobaji
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Weather is an important factor that directly affects farming activities. The temperature and humidity of a region play a crucial role in the type of crop to be cultivated. Thus, It becomes important for farmers to know the future trends in the weather to plan farming activities. There are several classical weather prediction services but all of them depend on complex modelling and are operated by government authorities. In this case, time series becomes an effective way of forecasting these temperature trends as it not only requires minimal computational resources but only the past weather data to achieve results. In this paper, we study the process of implementing both additive and regression-based models and compare their performance to decide which approach is the best for weather prediction.
The Existential Meaning of “Daughter-in-Law Turned into Stone” in the Legend of Jangjamot Explained through the Concept of Despair
Authors:   The Society Of Korean Oral Literature, Kim Hye-Mi
Published: January 2024

This study viewed the notion of “daughter-in-law turning into stone” as the process of becoming oneself. Accordingly, it was newly understood through the concept of “despair” in Kierkegaard’s “Sickness unto Death.” In “The Legend of Jangja Pond,” the daughter-in-law's encounter with God opens up the possibility of entering a new world. However, she becomes the stone of despair between Jangja's space and the world. The daughter-in-law was anxious about the possibility of her freedom. When she looked behind her, she turned into a stone, and the stone symbolized that situation of despair.
However, in “The Legend of Jangja Pond,” the daughter-in-law does not just express herself as a “stone” for being unable to live as herself. It was also hoped that she could become herself. The symbol expressed as “Maitreya” or “Buddha” ultimately provides the foundation for “The Legend of Jangja Pond” to find its own identity. The story is about not giving up on the hope of successfully finding yourself. The daughter-in-law is lost in her despair. She loses direction in her life in the midst of an alien world. However, this means that she must despair to reach the moment wherein she can explore her identity. Accordingly, through the content of being embodied as a Buddha rather than just a stone, the subjects of the transmission can experience a fleeting moment of despair, and the daughter-in-law in stone reveals the meaning of her existence at that moment.
The story does not tell us “what” the self is. It does not specify the type of life one should live. It merely mentions that despair is necessary, and it is important for each person to reveal the meaning of their own identity. No one can tell anyone how to live. All we can do is despair and go through the process of becoming ourselves in the meantime. “The Legend of Jangja Pond” can be seen as not only showing itself as something that stands still and thinking on its own but also as an invitation to live as a being of self-becoming in the subsequent process.
Use of Tiger Metaphors in Diaspora Writers’ Novels: Focusing on Tae Keller's When You Trap a Tiger and Juhea Kim’s Beasts of a Little Land
Authors:   The Society Of Korean Oral Literature, Park Jeong Ae
Published: January 2024

Korean American writer Tae Keller's When You Trap a Tiger and Juhea Kim’s Beasts of a Little Land appropriate or re-appropriate tiger metaphors in tales, such as “The Siblings Who Became the Sun and the Moon,”“Dangun Myth,”and “a tiger of filial devotion.” The results of this study on this metaphor patterns can be summarized into the following five categories: First, the tiger represents the history of the pain experienced by modern and contemporary Koreans and the undivided Korean Peninsula. History, however dark and sad, needs to be told rather than bottled up, and the divided Korean Peninsula is likened to the extinction of tigers.
Second, the tiger symbolizes the god of death. In When You Trap a Tiger, the grandmother and Lily communicate with the god of death to perform the painful task of moving forward. In Beasts of a Little Land, JungHo dreams of being buried in the sand of time at the back of a tiger reaper before execution.
Third, a person who communicates spiritually with the tiger's yellow eyes can break the ego’s shell and obtain a third eye to understand the other. In When You Trap a Tiger, Lily accepts the tiger's eyes in her inner self before her grandmother's dying bed and realizes the meaning of life through death. In Beasts of a Little Land, the protagonist, JungHo, and his father practice ultimate benevolence in spiritual communication beyond the fear of death.
Fourth, the tiger is used figuratively as the destructive energy of a shadow or prototypical anima. In When You Trap a Tiger, Lily needs Shadow power to break through the persona of the "Quiet Asian Girl." In Beasts of a Little Land, the tiger represents a mythical eternal mother to whom JungHo and Jade must approach their individuation process approximately.
Finally, the tiger gives meaning and purpose to life and provides archetypical motifs for reconstructing self-narratives, moving toward healing and growth. Thanks to the tiger’s guidance, Lily can embrace herself and tame her inner tiger. JungHo lives a life of constantly approaching his archetype of a “Righteous Tiger,” overcoming loneliness and fear.
The Presence of “Magistrate's Private Secretary” in Classical Korean Narrative Literature and the Painted Characteristics
Authors:   The Society Of Korean Oral Literature, Song Mikyoung
Published: January 2024

The 'Magistrate's Private Secretary(冊房)' is a position that does not fall under the official control (官制), and is privately filled by a village official. There are also documents recorded under the names of Chaekgaek(冊客) and Chaeksil(冊室). During the Joseon Dynasty, Ajeon was divided into “Kyung-ahjeon,”a lower-level official of the central government office, and “Oe-aJeon,”a lower-level official of the local government office, with Oe-ahjeon further divided into 'Hyangri (鄕吏)' and 'Gari (假吏). He was asked to cover for those who had served as former positions for generations for the province, and those who came from other provinces temporarily held former positions. However, Gari, who came in as a local officer and served as a kind of secretary while working on documents and accounting, was the magistrate's private secretary.
A character reaches its epitome in the social relationship of a specific era. The special social relationship that the magistrate's private secretary was "a being in a subtle position as a private staff of the leader without having a government organizational position in the public space of Dongheon" is the background for discussing the model of a "Magistrate's Private Secretary," which encompasses Moknangcheong, Cho Nangcheong, and Lee Nangcheong. Since the character of a magistrate's private secretary is inextricably related to the leader, the shape in classical narrative literature also varies as per the structure of the relationship with the leader. Accordingly, it can be classified into various types, which are as follows. First, he is the "Magistrate's Private Secretary" character who is completely subordinated to the leader in adherence to a thorough hierarchical relationship, and his actions and actions arising from his subordination become the subject of ridicule and satire in the work. Second, although in a top-down relationship, he is the "Magistrate's Private Secretary," who forms a public relationship in relation to bribery, and he is the subject of criticism in the work, with the leader painted as a corrupt official. Third, although he is basically in a top-down relationship, it is the "Magistrate's Private Secretary" character that is less subordinate than the first type, and also contributes to making the leader an object of caricature or criticism in the work. Fourth, he, as the "Magistrate's Private Secretary," is embodying his own personality, regardless of the leader’s existence.
The Use of Modern Technologies to Increase the Level of Trust in Society
Authors: Gromyko Denis A.
Published: January 2024

One of the pressing issues of the modern world is the problem of trust in government. The election process is a pivotal event in society’s life, influencing a country’s future. Decreased trust in authority, including elections, leads to vulnerability in the voting and result tallying process. Simultaneously, the rapid advancement of information technology, automation, and computerization affecting almost all spheres of life, among other things, has a widespread impact on the functioning of government institutions. One of the key tasks addressed by new technologies is increasing trust levels in society. Blockchain technology, or distributed ledgers, has revolutionized the world of information technology and found applications in various domains, including the organization of elections at different levels. The use of blockchain technology in the electoral process can help address the trust issue by ensuring transparency, reliability, and confidentiality in voting, while minimizing the possibility of result tampering. In a blockchain-based system, voting can occur anonymously without intermediaries and intermediate technologies. This article examines the problem of trust in government institutions, highlights issues in the electoral process, presents a description of the blockchain technology-based solution, and provides examples of existing systems used during the electoral process. It concludes that the implementation of blockchain technology in the electoral process will ensure a more transparent and secure voting process, significantly increasing trust in authority.
Identifying Barriers to Precepting Health Professions Learners During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lund Maha B. , Green Sonya , Leppke Allison , Vohra-Khullar Pamela , Alfonso Susana , Moore Miranda A.
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic worsened the shortage of clinical training opportunities for health professions learners. During the pandemic, additional barriers to precepting health professions learners emerged. Understanding preceptors’ perceptions of barriers is a first step to providing learners with the best clinical learning opportunities.
Methods: In February 2021, the Emory Primary Care Consortium surveyed primary care providers eligible to precept health professions learners to determine their current precepting status and associated barriers encountered during and since COVID-19.
Results: A total of 61 physicians and 11 nurse practitioners (NPs) or physician assistants (PAs) completed the survey. Of the 41 current preceptors, 29 precepted only MD students, 2 MD and PA students, 7 NP students only, and 3 PA students only. Of the 31 respondents who were not precepting, most (21) had precepted before March 2020 and not since. Pandemic-related precepting challenges included low patient volume (12), lack of comfort teaching in a telehealth setting (7), increased external pressure (eg, children at home; 8), and other reasons (12). Overall, 20 respondents were interested in training on incorporating students into the telehealth clinical workflow and 13 in training on teaching and providing feedback remotely.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic placed additional burdens on preceptors in primary care. Preceptors could benefit from training on incorporating students into telehealth visits. Increased understanding of preceptor needs could lead to new resource offerings and improved future medical education.
Long term effects of total biomass harvesting on understory vegetation and tree stand in Norway spruce stands
Authors:   Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’, Latvia, Čakšs Roberts , Jansone Baiba ,   Latvia University of Life Science and Technologies, Latvia
Published: January 2024

Northern Europe will be one of the locations where the renewable energy from forests could displace fossil fuels as a result of climate change: therefore, it will become more crucial to maintain renewable materials that also collect CO2. By taking tree biomass out of forest stands, we could create more renewable resources to use in practice, but this has certain negative effects on the forest ecology, including nitrogen leaching and vegetation degradation. The goal of the study is to investigate the effects of full biomass removal (FBR) in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) forest stands and how this forest management affects vegetation regeneration, tree stock and carbon storage overall. The aforementioned structures were assessed at various forest ages. The central region of Latvia contains Norway spruce stands with all of the sample sites under study situated on drained peaty mineral soils and weakly aerated gleyic soils. As a result of the long-term evaluation, it was determined that the forest vegetation in FBR was similar to that in the same-age control stand (SAC) and that vegetation can successfully regenerate. The average tree height and DBH is lower in areas where stump removal and understory biomass was not carried out. Statistically significant (p<0.05) long-term influence of stump removal on the average height and diameter of Norway spruce can be identified in all parameters, except, tree height in Myrtillosa mel. forest type. Total biomass removal in long term has almost no significant effect on tree stand and vegetation regeneration.
Late-life suicide in Norway and Latvia: understanding the regional differences and complexities of late-life suicide
Authors:   University of Latvia, Latvia, Rasnaca Liga , Gundersen Kristina ,   University of Oslo, Norway
Published: January 2024

Late-life suicide is a significant public health concern that has been associated with a range of social and individual factors. Social factors, such as social isolation, lack of social support, and financial stress, regional differences can contribute to the risk of suicide in older adults. Individual factors, such as depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders, as well as physical health problems and chronic pain, have also been associated with an increased risk of suicide in older adults. Understanding the social and individual factors that contribute to late-life suicide in both Latvia and Norway is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies to address this issue. The novelty and aim of research on social and individual factors of suicide among older people lie in understanding the unique risk factors that contribute to late-life suicide both in urban and rural areas. While there is existing research on suicide in general, there are various factors that contribute to suicide risk in older adults. Regional differences are often different from those that affect younger populations. Therefore, research on social and individual factors of suicide among the older persons aims to identify these unique risk factors and develop tailored prevention and intervention strategies that address the needs of older adults. There is still a need for further research to understand the specific social and individual factors that contribute to this issue in rural and urban areas.
Reactivation of cytomegalovirus, human herpes virus, and Epstein-Barr virus infections after hemapoietic stem cell transplantation in children
Authors: Antonova T. V. , Pobegalova O. E. , Gorchakova O. V. , Zubarovskaya L. S. , Yudinceva O. S. , Lioznov D. A.
Published: January 2024

Study objective: to evaluate frequency of CMV, HHV-6, and EBV reactivation in children within 60 days after HSCT.Materials and methods: The study was carried out in Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Transplantation of the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University We analyzed 95 medical records of pediatric patients who underwent HSCT in 2021. Pretransplant serostatus for CMV, EBV, HHV-6 was studied, as well as the frequency and timing of virus reactivation after transplantation. In the prospective part, 35 children aged from 1 to 17 years were enrolled. The pretransplant evaluation included detection of anti-CMV, anti-HHV-6, and anti-EBV IgM and IgG by ELISA, and blood PCR for viremia. DNA of herpes viruses was identified by quantitative blood PCR on the day of HSCT, and then 10, 20, 30 and 60 days after HSCT. The number of viral DNA copies was calculated per 105 cells. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics 22 software package.Results: On pre-transplant evaluation, 47 of 95 pediatric patients were tested for CMV with positive result in 36 children, 27 patients were tested for EBV and 17 were positive. HHV-6 DNA was detected in 3 of 25 patientsMostly, reactivation of herpes viruses occurred in the early period up to 60 days. HHV-6 reactivation was observed on average 25±4 days after transplantation, significantly earlier than for CMV and EBV.In a prospective study, reactivation of CMV, HHV-6, and EBV was revealed in 28 (80%) patients within 60 days of transplantation, with a maximum number of patients in 20 days after HSCT.A trend toward an increase in CMV and HHV-6 concentration in blood was observed on days 10 and 20 after HSCT, with a maximum viral load of HHV-6 and minimal EBV replicative activity. Clinically significant manifestations of herpesvirus infection were diagnosed in 19 (54.3%) patients.Conclusion: High seropositivity for CMV and EBV was revealed in children before transplantation. Herpes viruses reactivation occurs early in post-transplant period, on the 20th day after HSCT, HHV-6 in forms of mono- and mixed infection predominates with a trend toward increasing viral load.
Contagious order as a risk factor for liver fibrosis progression in co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses
Authors: Feoktistova E. P. , Konstantinov D. Yu. , Malova E. S. , Balmasova I. P.
Published: January 2024

In triple co-infection with HIV/HCV/HBV, the prognosis is significantly poorer and life expectancy is lower because of the rapid progression of liver fibrosis or development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that one of the risk factors for the unfavorable course of HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection is contagious order and the interval between coinfections. The study analyzed anamnestic data and the results of direct follow-up of 97 patients co-infected with HIV/HCV/HBV for 1-2 years. Patients were divided into three study groups: (1) HIV as the first pathogen, (2) HCV as the first pathogen, and (3) HBV as the first pathogen. For each patient, the period (in years) between the acquisition of the first and subsequent pathogens was considered. During the fol-low-up period, viral HIV, HCV, and HBV load was assessed by PCR, and annual transient liver fibro-elastometry was performed to determine the fibrosis stage using the METAVIR scoring system. The risk of progressive liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection is higher when HIV or HBV is the first pathogen, but the interval between the acquisition of HBV and other viruses is 10 years. Meanwhile, a stable course of liver fibrosis is associated with an HBV viral load of >7,200 copies/ml. In the risk group, the most effective antiretroviral therapy was a combination of reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, and direct antiviral (anti-HCV) drugs. Therefore, the order of infection and intervals between pathogen acquisition in triple co-infection with HIV/HCV/HBV have a significant effect on liver fibrosis progression, which requires specific approaches to the organization of diagnostic tests and the control of antiretroviral therapy.
Dochody i efektywność gospodarstw zajmujących się hodowlą owiec
Authors: Klepacki Bogdan , Rokicki Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Przedstawiono poziom dochodów oraz efektywność ekonomiczną gospodarstw z terenu województwa podlaskiego zajmujących się hodowlą owiec.
Polskie duże gospodarstwa specjalizujące się w produkcji mleka na tle gospodarstw z wybranych krajów europejskich
Authors: Karolewska Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

W opracowaniu dokonano oceny dużych polskich gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka na tle gospodarstw z wybranych krajów europejskich. Do obliczeń wykorzystano model EDF, służący do porównań wyników ekonomicznych gospodarstw biorących udział w analizach sporządzanych na potrzeby Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka. Badaniami objęto gospodarstwa mleczne o liczbie krów powyżej 150 z wybranych krajów Europy. Na bazie danych EDF dokonano także analizy mocnych i słabych stron trzech polskich gospodarstw mlecznych PL-18, PL-60, PL-20 z liczbą krów odpowiednio 501, 900, 1770. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje na dobrą pozycję konkurencyjną dużych polskich gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka, głównie dzięki niskim kosztom produkcji, rosnącej cenie mleka, a także wysokiemu poziomowi dochodu uzyskanego z prowadzenia tej działalności.
Kierunki zmian i sytuacja ekonomiczna gospodarstw mlecznych w woj. Małopolskim
Authors: Żmija Janusz , Cieślik Jerzy
Published: January 2024

W opracowaniu przedstawiono zmiany w pogłowiu krów mlecznych, wydajności mlecznej, w poziomie produkcji mleka i w skupie. Ponadto ukazano sytuację produkcyjno-ekonomiczną gospodarstw mlecznych o zróżnicowanej skali produkcji. W latach 1999-2006 stwierdzono duży spadek stanu liczebnego krów, spadek produkcji mleka i skupu, przy umiarkowanym wzroście wydajności mlecznej. Zadowalający poziom dochodów z rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych stwierdzono tylko w gospodarstwach o dużej skali produkcji.
Oszacowanie ryzyka dochodów rolniczych w gospodarstwach mlecznych w Polsce na tle gospodarstw innych kierunków produkcji w warunkach różnych scenariuszy polityki rolnej
Authors: Dalton Graham , Guba Waldemar , Majewski Edward , Wąs Adam
Published: January 2024

W opracowaniu oszacowano ryzyko niskich dochodów w wybranych typach gospodarstw rolniczych dla różnych scenariuszy polityki rolnej w perspektywie lat 2013-2018. Analizę przeprowadzono za pomocą symulacji metodą Monte Carlo z wykorzystaniem modelu symulacyjnego gospodarstwa. Wyniki symulacji wykazały, że w Polsce ryzyko niskich dochodów rolniczych w latach 2013-2018 nie będzie wyższe niż w 2004 roku, pomimo przewidywanej liberalizacji handlu na rynkach rolnych i polityki rolnej UE. Gospodarstwa mleczne, szczególnie z większą skalą produkcji, cechuje wyższa stabilność dochodów w porównaniu do gospodarstw z innych typów produkcyjnych.
Skala spółdzielni mleczarskich a ich wyniki ekonomiczno-finansowe w latach 1999-2005
Authors: Pietrzak Michał
Published: January 2024

W artykule dokonano oceny wpływu skali spółdzielni mleczarskich na ich wyniki ekonomiczno-finansowe. Przeprowadzone badania na próbie 393 obiektów wskazuj ą, że wraz ze wzrostem skali mleczarni poprawie ulegają takie miary efektywności, jak: wydajność pracy, sprzedaż i ceny skupu mleka.
Perspektywy rozwoju handlu produktami mleczarskimi w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Pawlak Karolina , Poczta Walenty
Published: January 2024

W opracowaniu przedstawiono możliwe scenariusze rozwoju handlu artykułami mleczarskimi w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej do 2015 roku. W badaniach wykorzystano matematyczny model równowagi ogólnej Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP).
Porównanie metod uwzględniania ryzyka w bilansach paszowych modelu programowania liniowego optymalizującego plany produkcji gospodarstwa rolnego
Authors: Gędek Stanisław
Published: January 2024

s: Problem uwzględniania ryzyka w ograniczeniach paszowych modelu programowania liniowego stosowanego do optymalizacji planów produkcji w rolnictwie rozwiązywany jest przy pomocy kilku metod opartych na różnych podstawach teoretycznych. W opracowaniu dokonano porównania skutków zastosowania metody Charnesa-Coopera i metody powielania ograniczeń.
Problemy mikroekonomiki rolnictwa w pięćdziesięcioletniej działalności Komitetu Ekonomiki Rolnictwa PAN
Authors: Wojtaszek Zygmunt
Published: January 2024

Przedstawiono najważniejsze problemy nauk ekonomiczno-rolniczych w pięćdziesięcioletniej działalności Komitetu Ekonomiki Rolnictwa PAN. Wskazano historycznie trzy okresy tej działalności i szczegółowo je scharakteryzowano.
Powierzchnia użytków rolnych a efektywność gospodarstw rodzinnych
Authors: Sulewski Piotr
Published: January 2024

W artykule przedstawiono analizę efektywności gospodarstw indywidualnych w zależności od powierzchni użytków rolnych. Badanie przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem metody DEA. Analiza wykazała, że gospodarstwa większe osiągają wyższą efektywność skali, podczas gdy mniejsze jednostki cechuje wyższa czysta efektywność techniczna. Wskaźniki łącznej efektywności technicznej osiągnęły najwyższą wartość w gospodarstwach największych.
Hodowla roślin ogrodniczych w spółkach ANR
Authors: Filipiak Tadeusz
Published: January 2024

W opracowaniu przedstawiono sytuację w hodowli roślin ogrodniczych w spółkach ANR w latach 1996-2006. Spółki hodowli roślin ogrodniczych odgrywają istotną rolę, ponieważ ich własnością w 2006 roku było 74% odmian krajowych znajdujących się w Centralnym Rejestrze Odmian Roślin Warzywnych COBORU. W analizowanych latach nastąpił wzrost rejestracji odmian, pomimo zmniejszenia się liczby gatunków w badaniach oraz liczby przedsiębiorstw. Zwiększyła się również liczba odmian należących do spółek. Nakłady ogółem ponoszone na hodowlę roślin ogrodniczych w analizowanych latach zmniejszyły się w ujęciu nominalnym o 24%. Jednak w ujęciu realnym nakłady na hodowlę zmniejszyły się aż o 56%.
THEORETICAL PROBLEMS OF THE HISTORY OF CLINICAL (MEDICAL) PSYCHOLOGY
Authors:   Psychiatric Hospital No. 4 named after P. B. Gannushkin, Vlasov N. A.
Published: January 2024

The article substantiates insufficient knowledge of the history of the formation and development of clinical (medical) psychology, demonstrates the small volume and content scarcity of relevant foreign and domestic historiography, singles out a number of unresolved theoretical problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the main theoretical problems of the history of clinical (medical) psychology, the research tasks were to identify problems in this area of knowledge, analyze them and find possible solutions. As research methods, a comparative historical, bibliographic, historical event method and a method for developing periodization of the historical process were used. Such theoretical problems of the history of clinical (medical) psychology as problems of periodization, ‘localization’ and differentiation of the history of medical psychology and the history of psychiatry as well as the main ways to solve them were identified. As a solution to the problem of periodization of the history of clinical psychology, three grounds have been proposed. The history of clinical psychology can be implemented as a history of changes in ideas about the mental norm, pathology and treatment; as a history of the evolution of medical and psychological diagnostics; as an institutional history. The problem of ‘localization’ the history of clinical psychology can be solved by writing ‘local’ (‘national’) stories. The problem of differentiating the history of clinical psychology and psychiatry, apparently, cannot be solved completely, but a partial solution can be found by relying on three criteria: differentiation in the line of ideas about norm/pathology and treatment, in the line of psychodiagnosis methods and in the institutional line.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ADAPTED GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN THE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY FOR PEOPLE WITH MENTAL IMPAIRMENTS
Authors:   Ryazan State Medical University, Oskin D. N. , Yudanova T. V. ,   Ryazan State Medical University, Larina M. O. ,   Ryazan State Medical University
Published: January 2024

The socialization of persons with mental disabilities and the creation of an inclusive living space through their acceptance into society is an urgent topic in the modern socio-economic, political, cultural development plan of the country. Most often, due to ignorance of the characteristics of people with mental disorders, an erroneous public opinion is formed about the lack of an opportunity for this category of people to lead a normal full life. In fact, people with mental disorders, if they wish, can not only manage their own household, solve household issues, but also help other people. This article discusses the implementation at the Ryazan State Medical University of the adapted additional general development program “Care in the provision of social services to the elderly, including those with disabilities” for young people with mental disabilities, and also describes the methods, stages and results of the program. After completing the training, persons with mental disabilities became more independent, responsible, acquired social and household skills in the field of caring for citizens in need (relatives), including those with disabilities, and constructive interaction skills. Ten students who successfully mastered the additional general education program received certificates of mastering the program.
RESEARCH ON THE IDEAS OF MODERN YOUTH ABOUT ABORTIONS
Authors:   Ryazan State University named after S. A. Yesenin, Kiseleva R. N.
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the attitude of modern Russian youth to the problem of unwanted pregnancy, as well as to the possibility of its termination. The data of a study conducted among students and high school students in Ryazan are presented, recommendations for the prevention of abortions among this category of the population are proposed. The importance of studying this topic is currently determined by the number of abortions, the number of complications and maternal mortality, gynecological diseases, including infertility, and the deterioration of reproductive health of the population. It is known that abortions performed by girls at a young age have the most dangerous consequences, namely, young women terminate pregnancy in more than half of the cases. Abortion in our country remains the main means of eliminating unwanted pregnancies, despite the fact that demographic processes dictate the need to give birth to an increasing number of children. Abortions significantly affect the deterioration of the demographic situation in our country. The study of ideas about abortion in the minds of young people will allow for in-depth work on prevention, to make the necessary adjustments to the social policy of the state.
Diseño y validación de una escala breve de estrategias de aprendizaje
Authors: Méndez Hinojosa Luz Marina , Castillo De León Mónica Azucena , Cárdenas Rodríguez Magaly
Published: January 2024

Introducción. El modelo por competencias imperante en las distintas instituciones educativas de nivel superior exige el desarrollo de la autorregulación en los alumnos, de modo que puedan ser los responsables de planear y ejecutar acciones para el logro de los aprendizajes. Una vía para alcanzar dicha meta es el conocimiento y aplicación de distintas estrategias de aprendizaje. Objetivo. Por ello, el presente estudio de tipo instrumental tuvo como propósito diseñar y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala de estrategias de aprendizaje. Método y materiales. Para tal fin, se creó la escala breve de estrategias de aprendizaje que fue sometida al análisis de expertos y después aplicada a una muestra de 1975 universitarios. Resultados. Tanto el análisis factorial exploratorio como el confirmatorio arrojaron una estructura de dos dimensiones, en las cuales fue preciso eliminar dos ítems para que los indicadores de ajuste fueran adecuados. La confiabilidad de los factores se obtuvo mediante tres criterios y todos evidenciaron la fiabilidad del instrumento. Conclusiones. Los resultados evidencian que se cumplió con el propósito del estudio de dotar a la psicometría de un instrumento válido y confiable que permita examinar las estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios.