bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional survey of attitudes towards education in implant dentistry in the undergraduate dental curriculum
Authors: Schweyen Ramona , Al-Nawas Bilal , Arnold Christin , Hey Jeremias
Published: July 2020

Background

An ongoing debate in dental education is whether implant dentistry, as a multidisciplinary domain, should be integrated into the undergraduate curriculum. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the perspectives of novices, clinical educators, and experienced dentists with regard to the importance of theoretical and practical implant dentistry teaching content in undergraduate dental education. The specific objective was to determine whether a consensus could be found concerning aspects of theoretical knowledge, implant position planning, implantation, prosthetic treatment procedures, postoperative care, and prerequisite experiences that should be provided in undergraduate dental education.

Results

A positive consensus existed in terms of theoretical education, assistance in surgical and prosthodontic procedures, implant planning and restoration in straightforward cases (i.e., posterior single crowns and bridges, overdentures on nonconnected implants), and postoperative care. A negative consensus existed for bone augmentation. Implantation was supported by novices (i.e., students and graduates). In addition, more experienced dentists were more likely to oppose implantation performed by undergraduates. The most preferred implantation method was implant insertion using a digitally fabricated drilling template, after surgical flap elevation.

Conclusions

Students and graduates preferred a comprehensive undergraduate education that included implant dentistry. Dentists working in private practice, and especially dentists working as university educators, were critical towards the integration of implant-related learning content into undergraduate education. The intention of medical education is to impart knowledge to students and to prepare them for life-long learning and continual professional development after graduation. Thus, an undergraduate dental curriculum that provides students a solid introduction and knowledge foundation in implant dentistry is recommended.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura with marked cystic degeneration: a case report
Authors: Watanabe Takuya , Tanahashi Masayuki , Suzuki Eriko , Yoshii Naoko , Chiba Kensuke , Tsuchida Hiroyuki , Yobita Shogo , Uchiyama Suiha , Iguchi Kensuke , Ogawa Hiroshi , Niwa Hiroshi
Published: July 2020

Background

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a mesenchymal tumor, and computed tomography typically shows SFTPs as well-defined lobulated masses. We herein report a case of SFTP with cystic degeneration of the entire tumor.

Case presentation

The patient was a 67-year-old Japanese man who was referred to our hospital for an abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray. Computed tomography showed a 9-cm cystic tumor in the lower left lobe, with small nodules aggregated in the cyst. Pulmonary aspergillosis was suspected, and left basal segmentectomy was performed. A pedunculated cystic tumor was connected to the pleura with a stalk, and white polypoidal masses were found within the cystic tumor. Microscopy revealed uniform fibroblastic spindle cell proliferation and marked cystic degeneration, the cyst walls were formed of the same tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells were positive for CD34, CD99, and BCL2. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as SFTP with cystic degeneration.

Conclusion

We experienced an extremely rare case of atypical SFTP with cystic degeneration.
Impeding factors of early rehabilitation postoperatively after rheumatoid toe arthroplasty: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Goto Shunsaku , Kasuya Yusuke , Okuyama Keiko , Ikari Katsunori , Ozaki Makoto
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Previous studies explored the benefits related to early ambulation postoperatively, but few focused on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We retrospectively evaluated the incidence and predictors of the inability to begin walking on the first postoperative day (POD) after toe arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

RA patients who underwent toe arthroplasty at one hospital were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 300 patients were included and divided into two groups: possible group (n= 191), who were able to walk on the first POD, and impossible group (n= 109), who were unable to walk on the first POD. Data were analyzed using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between various patient factors and the impossible group with logistic regression analysis.

Results

The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting before rehabilitation was significantly associated with the infeasibility of walking rehabilitation on the first POD [OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.22–4.14,P= 0.003]. The number of rescue analgesics administered before rehabilitation and the supplementation of peripheral nerve block was also associated with the infeasibility of walking rehabilitation on the first POD [OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.59,P= 0.003; OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.20–0.79,P= 0.010, respectively].

Conclusion

The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and inadequate postoperative pain management hindered early rehabilitation. Adding peripheral nerve block to general anesthesia had an advantage for postoperative rehabilitation after toe arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis.
Correction to: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 admitted in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Salva Eumelia P. , Villarama Jose Benito , Lopez Edmundo B. , Sayo Ana Ria , Villanueva Annavi Marie G. , Edwards Tansy , Han Su Myat , Suzuki Shuichi , Seposo Xerxes , Ariyoshi Koya , Smith Chris
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Evaluation of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) and Emamectin Benzoate against Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Yasin Muhammad , Qazi Muhammad Shoaib , Wakil Waqas , Qayyum Mirza Abdul
Published: July 2020

The Oriental leaf worm moth,Spodoptera litura(F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is among the most voracious insect pests in a variety of economically important crops, particularly cotton. It has developed resistance against conventional chemical insecticides. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate an integrated application of bio- and synthetic pesticide against this pest. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) can be a potent alternative to control this pest. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of NPV and emamectin benzoate (Proclaim® 19EC) against three geographically distinct populations ofS. liturain vitro conditions. Second and fourth larval instars were treated by three different concentrations of NPV (NPV-1 2 × 109, NPV-2 3 × 109, and NPV-3 4 × 109POB ml−1) and emamectin benzoate (EB 0.1 ppm) alone and in combination. The results showed that the highest mortality rate (83.28%) was recorded for NPV-3 + EB, followed by NPV-2 + EB, NPV-1 + EB, EB, NPV-3, NPV-2, and NPV-3 at all the tests. Moreover, Faisalabad (FSD) population was found more susceptible, followed by Layyah (LY) and Multan (ML) populations. Reduction in pupation, adult emergence and egg eclosion was found directly related to the pathogenicity of the applied pathogens. The results of this study revealed that biorational control ofS. liturawith combined application of NPV + emamectin benzoate was an effective tool.
Clinical impact of early minimal residual disease detection at day 15 in precursor B-childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an Egyptian experience
Authors: Farweez Botheina Ahmed Thabet , Kassim Nevine Ahmed , Abdelfataah Mona Fathy , Hassan Naglaa Mostafa , Hassnien Doha Elsayed Ahmed , El-Sakhawy Yasmin Nabil
Published: July 2020

Background

Chromosomal abnormalities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are well-established prognostic markers and useful tools for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. This study aimed to stratify high-risk precursor B-childhood ALL (pre-B-ALL) patients according to standard prognostic factors(age and total leucocytic count), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for these cytogenetic abnormalities [t (9;22) BCR/ABL, t(1;19)TCF3/PBX1, and 11q23 MLL gene rearrangement], and MRD status at day 15. Besides, we aimed to demonstrate the relation of these prognostic factors (standard and cytogenetic risk groups) to patients’ outcome at day 15 of induction therapy as well as exploring the impact of early MRD assessment during remission induction compared to other prognostic factors together with the ability to tailor investigations as needed especially in places with limited health resources without compromising the outcome. Seventy-two newly-diagnosed Egyptian children with pre-B-ALL, aged 6 months to 15.5 years, registered from February 2016 to February 2018 were included. They were treated according to the modified Children’s Oncology Group (COG) protocol. Patients were classified into (a) standard and high-risk groups according to standard prognostic factors. (b) Patients with the studied cytogenetic abnormalities and patients without the studied cytogenetic abnormalities. (c) Good outcome (negative MRD) and bad outcome (positive MRD) groups according to day 15 MRD status.

Results

The studied cytogenetic abnormalities were identified in 22.2% of patients, all of them were in the high-risk group, and 75% of them had a bad outcome (positive MRD) at day 15 of induction therapy.

Conclusion

Patients with favorable presenting features (standard risk) and undetectable MRD after 2 weeks remission induction therapy would not be in need to advanced molecular studies, while these studies should be considered for patients with high-risk presenting features and high levels of MRD after 2 weeks remission induction therapy. Therefore, this could provide a cost-effective guideline in countries suffering from financial challenges without affecting the outcome
Left-sided omental infarction without torsion: report of a case with radiologic-pathologic correlation
Authors: Corvino Antonio , Campanino Maria Raffaela , De Rosa Nicolina , Corvino Fabio , Gisonni Pietro
Published: July 2020

Background

Omental infarction is a rare disease that affects the entire omentum or a segment of the greater omentum. It presents as acute abdominal pain mainly in the right lower quadrant or right flank. Left-sided omental torsion is infrequent and it is rarely preoperatively diagnosed.

Omental infarction is a differential diagnosis in the acute abdomen. As most cases of omental infarction can be adequately diagnosed via computed tomography, a conservative treatment strategy for patients without complications should be considered in order to avoid any unnecessary surgical intervention.

Case presentation

We herein report a case of a surgically proved left-sided infarction of the greater omentum presenting with abdominal pain, tenderness of the left flank. Specifically, we describe the ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) findings of this rare disease providing a radiological-pathological correlation of them. To date, there are few similar correlation reports in literature.

Conclusions

Although the classical treatment of omental infarction is surgery, more recently the conservative management has been suggested. Thus, we believe that the knowledge of the characteristic imaging findings is essential for establish a correct preoperative diagnosis, which can avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.
Presence of vascular loop in patients with audio-vestibular symptoms: is it a significant finding? Evaluation with 3-tesla MRI 3D constructive interference steady state (CISS) sequence
Authors: Zidan Mamdouh A. , Almansor Nufe
Published: July 2020

Background

Tinnitus, sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL), and vertigo are common audio-vestibular symptoms. Many diseases are associated with these symptoms; however, the exact cause is not always identified. Some studies show that the etiology could be related to the presence of a vascular loop in contact with the 8th cranial nerve. Three-dimensional (3D) constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a fully refocused gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that has high sensitivity in evaluation of the cranial nerves. This high sensitivity is a result of its inherent ability to accentuate the T2 values between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and adjacent anatomical or pathological structures. We aimed to evaluate the association of audio-vestibular symptoms with the presence of vascular loops and vascular contact in cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and the internal auditory canal (IAC) using 3Tesla MRI. The study included 98 patients (196 ears); 51 females and 47 males with audio-vestibular dysfunction symptoms in isolation or combined; 40 patients with tinnitus, 50 with sensory neural hearing loss, and 32 with vertigo. The healthy control group with no symptoms in either ear, n = 60 (120 ears): 32 females and 28 males. The non-symptomatic ears in the patients were added to the healthy control group. All MRI examinations were performed by using a 3 T (Magnetom Verio 3 T; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany).

Results

No statistically significant association was detected between the presence of different grades of vascular loop or types of vascular contact and any of the studied audio-vestibular symptoms.

Conclusion

No possible role of the presence of vascular loop/contact was identified in causing tinnitus, deafness, or vertigo as evaluated by 3D-CISS sequence. Therefore, presence of vascular loops in contact with the 8th cranial nerve is not certainly considered pathological but possibly to be a normal anatomical coincidental finding.
Challenges of HIV Lymphoma Clinical Trials in Africa: Lessons From the AIDS Malignancy Consortium 068 Study
Authors: Strother Robert M. , Gopal Satish , Wirth Meg , Chadburn Amy , Noy Ariela , Cesarman Ethel , Lee Jeannette Y. , Remick Scot C. , Busakhala Naftali , Kaimila Bongani , Mberi Elson , Ndlovu Ntokozo , Omoding Abrahams , Krown Susan E.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this article is to describe lessons from the first lymphoma clinical trial conducted by the AIDS Malignancy Consortium (AMC) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). AMC-068 was a randomized phase II comparison of intravenous versus oral chemotherapy for HIV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Opening in 2016, AMC-068 planned to enroll 90 patients (45 per arm) in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, and Zimbabwe over 24 months and follow patients for 24 months to assess overall survival. In 2018, the study closed after screening 42 patients but enrolling only 7. Challenges occurred during protocol development, pre-activation, and postactivation. During protocol development (2011-2012), major obstacles were limited baseline data to inform study design; lack of consensus among investigators and approving bodies regarding appropriateness of the oral regimen and need for randomized comparison with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; and heterogeneity across sites in local standards for diagnosis, staging, and treatment. During pre-activation (2012-2016), challenges included unexpected length and layers of regulatory approval across multiple countries, need to upgrade pathology capacity at sites, need to augment existing chemotherapy infusion capacity at sites, and procurement issues for drugs and supplies. Finally, during postactivation (2016-2018), challenges included long delays between symptom onset and screening entry for many patients, leading to compromised performance status and organ function; other patient characteristics that frequently led to exclusion, including high tumor proliferative index or other pathologic features that were disallowed; and costs of routine diagnostic procedures often being borne by patients, which also contributed to pre-enrollment delays. Lessons from AMC-068 are being applied to the design and conduct of new AMC lymphoma trials in SSA, and the study has contributed to a strong operational foundation that will support innovative clinical trials in the future.
Approach to the Patient: Perioperative Management of the Patient with Pheochromocytoma or Sympathetic Paraganglioma
Authors: Berends Annika M A , Kerstens Michiel N , Lenders Jacques W M , Timmers Henri J L M
Published: July 2020

Pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare chromaffin cell tumors originating in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic paraganglia, respectively, which share the capacity to synthesize and release catecholamines. The incidence of PPGL has increased in recent years. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for PPGL. Management of patients with PPGL is complex and should be done by a specialized multidisciplinary team in centers with broad expertise. Surgical resection of a PPGL is a high-risk procedure for which optimal pretreatment with antihypertensive drugs is required in combination with state-of-the-art surgical procedures and anesthesiological techniques. In this article we discuss the underlying evidence and the pros and cons of presurgical medical preparation. Finally, the areas of uncertainty and controversies in this field are addressed.
NLRP3 Inflammasome in Inflammation and Metabolism: Identifying Novel Roles in Postburn Adipose Dysfunction
Authors: Vinaik Roohi , Barayan Dalia , Jeschke Marc G
Published: July 2020

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that respond to pathogen or host associated damage markers, leading to caspase-1 maturation and processing of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Initially, inflammasomes were implicated primarily in inflammatory and infectious conditions. However, increasing evidence demonstrates broader roles beyond inflammation, including regulation of adipose tissue metabolism after burns. Here, we conducted a search for articles on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and UpToDate with applied search strategies including a combination of “burns,” “trauma,” “(NLRP3) inflammasome,” “metabolic conditions,” “white adipose tissue,” “macrophages,” “browning,” and “lipolysis” and included papers from 2000 to 2020. We discuss unexpected roles for NLRP3, the most characterized inflammasome to date, as a key metabolic driver in a variety of conditions. In particular, we highlight the function of NLRP3 inflammasome in burn trauma, which is characterized by both hyperinflammation and hypermetabolism. We identify a critical part for NLRP3 activation in macrophage dynamics and delineate a novel role in postburn white adipose tissue remodeling, a pathological response associated with hypermetabolism and poor clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, how inflammation and inflammasome activation is linked to postburn hypermetabolism is a novel concept to contemplate, and herein we provide evidence of an immunometabolic crosstalk between adipocytes and infiltrating macrophages.
Self-perceived health in dental students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gomes Claudia Lobelli Rangel , Chaves-Junior Samuel de Carvalho , Gavião Maria Beatriz Duarte
Published: July 2020

Objective: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study, with the objective of verifying the relationship between health self-perception, sociodemographic characteristics, weight status and physical and psychological symptoms in a group of dental students. Methods: one hundred and sixty individuals from a Dental School, aged 16-24 years, participated. Questionnaires were applied for socioeconomic characteristics, psychological symptoms, and self-perception of health. Clinical examinations were performed to evaluate oral health (CPOD index, frequency of brushing and dental consultations) and weight status (Body Mass Index, BMI). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Student t, Mann-Whitney, chi-squared tests and logistic regression. Results: the prevalence of overweight/obese individuals was 29%, with a similar proportion for the sexes (P=0.23). Weight status, satisfaction with body image, comparison with others, feeling depressed or nervous, and eating habits were factors associated with self-perception of health (OR 0.20-5.19, P < 0.05). Individuals who were satisfied with their body image or considered their eating habits healthy were more likely to perceive health positively (OR = 4.24 e OR = 4.27). Conclusion: socio-demographic characteristics showed no influence on self-perception of health, except weight status that was negatively associated with self-perception of health. Individuals who show satisfaction with their body image and consider themselves to have healthy eating habits perceived their health positively.
Does standard cosmology really predict the cosmic microwave background?
Authors: Traunmüller Hartmut
Published: July 2020

In standard Big Bang cosmology, the universe expanded from a very dense, hot and opaque initial state. The light that was last scattered about 380,000 years later, when the universe had become transparent, has been redshifted and is now seen as thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K, the cosmic microwave background (CMB). However, since light escapes faster than matter can move, it is prudent to ask how we, made of matter from this very source, can still see the light. In order for this to be possible, the light must take a return path of the right length. A curved return path is possible in spatially closed, balloon-like models, but in standard cosmology, the universe is “flat” rather than balloon-like, and it lacks a boundary surface that might function as a reflector. Under these premises, radiation that once filled the universe homogeneously cannot do so permanently after expansion, and we cannot see the last scattering event. It is shown that the traditional calculation of the CMB temperature is flawed and that light emitted by any source inside the Big Bang universe earlier than half its “conformal age”, also by distant galaxies, can only become visible to us via a return path. Although often advanced as the best evidence for a hot Big Bang, the CMB actually tells against a formerly smaller universe and so do the most distant galaxies. An attempt to invoke a model in which only time had a beginning, rather than spacetime, has also failed.
Case Report: Dilated cardiomyopathy with biventricular thrombus secondary to impaired coagulation in a patient with HIV
Authors: Kammari Chetan Brahma , Rallabandi Suhasini , Rallabandi Harsha , Daggubati Subba Rao , Adapa Sreedhar , Naramala Srikanth , Konala Venu Madhav
Published: July 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a known hypercoagulable state with venous thromboembolism with a high mortality rate compared to the general population. The homeostatic balance in HIV infected patients improves with treatment compared to those who are not.  A decreased hypercoagulable state noted by low levels of Von Willebrand factor, factor VIII and d-dimer levels along with higher protein C and S activity in patients on treatment suggests that hypercoagulable state is partially correctable with highly active antiretroviral therapy.  HIV with heart muscle involvement can present as myocarditis or as dilated cardiomyopathy with left or right ventricular dysfunction.  Here we present a case of a 57-year-old man with a known history of HIV infection, noncompliant with medical therapy presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy with biventricular thrombi with reduced protein C, protein S, and Antithrombin III levels.
Malaria vaccines targeting the pre-erythrocytic stage: a scoping review
Authors: Ogeto Teresa , Ndubi Ferdinand , Murithi Mary , Kagia Richard , Wambugu Esbon , Suge Titus , Chepkirui Carolyne , Tonui Josephat , Maiyo Fiona , Momanyi Lydia , Walekhwa Michael
Published: July 2020

Malaria is a deadly infectious parasitic disease that causes devastating morbidity and mortality globally. Despite being a public health concern, an effective vaccine for prevention of the disease remains elusive. Global efforts are exploring possible ways of developing and improving vaccines to counteract the complex nature in which Plasmodium falciparum evades the immune system. A number of vaccines have been developed in the past targeting the various parasitic life cycle stages. Transmission blocker vaccines, such as PpPf S25, target the parasite stages in the mosquito vector. However, these herd vaccines only protect the immunized population. Vaccines targeting blood-stage forms, such as the AMA-1 and MSP-1 vaccines, are challenged by the complex metabolic pathways of erythrocytes and merozoites. Vaccines targeting the pre-erythrocytic sporozoite stage remain the most promising approach thus far. Here, we systematically review the literature on pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines and on-going work in the field. Furthermore, we highlight gaps in current knowledge and point to potential areas of future work. Articles on pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines were obtained from Google scholar, PubMed and Cochrane starting from the year 2010. Ten papers were reviewed. A number of vaccines were reviewed highlighting; the vaccine type, clinical phase of trial, population demographics, vaccine immunogenicity, efficacy and safety. The RTS,S vaccine is reportedly the most advanced, having been rolled out for phase III clinical trials in a number of malaria-endemic African countries. The pre-erythrocytic vaccines discussed have made milestones in clinical trials. Some of the challenges elicited may be addressed via screening for novel antigens, exploring suitable vaccine administration vehicles,­ as well as using a combined multi-stage vaccine approach.
Maternal and perinatal Health Research Collaboration, India (MaatHRI): methodology for establishing a hospital-based research platform in a low and middle income country setting
Authors: Nair Manisha , Bezbaruah Babul , Bora Amrit Krishna , Bora Krishnaram , Chhabra Shakuntala , Choudhury Saswati S. , Choudhury Arup , Deka Dipika , Deka Gitanjali , Ismavel Vijay Anand , Kakoty Swapna D. , Koshy Roshine M. , Kumar Pramod , Mahanta Pranabika , Medhi Robin , Nath Pranoy , Rani Anjali , Roy Indrani , Sarma Usha , V Carolin Solomi , Talukdar Ratna Kanta , Zahir Farzana , Hill Michael , Kansal Nimmi , Nakra Reena , Baigent Colin , Knight Marian , Kurinczuk Jenny J.
Published: July 2020

Background: Maternal and perinatal Health Research collaboration, India (MaatHRI) is a research platform that aims to improve evidence-based pregnancy care and outcomes for mothers and babies in India, a country with the second highest burden of maternal and perinatal deaths. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods used to establish and standardise the platform and the results of the process.

Methods: MaatHRI is a hospital-based collaborative research platform. It is adapted from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) and built on a pilot model (IndOSS-Assam), which has been extensively standardised using the following methods: (i) establishing a network of hospitals; (ii) setting up a secure system for data collection, storage and transfer; (iii) developing a standardised laboratory infrastructure; and (iv) developing and implementing regulatory systems.

Results: MaatHRI was established in September 2018. Fourteen hospitals participate across four states in India – Assam, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. The research team includes 20 nurses, a project manager, 16 obstetricians, two pathologists, a public health specialist, a general physician and a paediatrician. MaatHRI has advanced standardisation of data and laboratory parameters, real-time monitoring of data and participant safety, and secure transfer of data. Four observational epidemiological studies are presently being undertaken through the platform. MaatHRI has enabled bi-directional capacity building. It is overseen by a steering committee and a data safety and monitoring board, a process that is not normally used, but was found to be highly effective in ensuring data safety and equitable partnerships in the context of low and middle income countries (LMICs).

Conclusion: MaatHRI is the first prototype of UKOSS and other similar platforms in a LMIC setting. The model is built on existing methods but applies new standardisation processes to develop a collaborative research platform that can be replicated in other LMICs.
Initiating a network to support engagement between health researchers and schools: recommendations from an international meeting of schools engagement practitioners held in Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Davies Alun , Mwango Grace , Appiah Bernard , Callery James J. , Duy Thanh Vu , Gumede Nozibusiso , Inglis Robert , McCracken Shane , Mkoola Kestern , Montjane Kagisho , Ochanda Alice , Shonai Charity , Woods-Townsend Kathryn
Published: July 2020

Engagement between health researchers and local schools, or School Engagement, has become incorporated into the engagement strategies of many research institutions worldwide. Innovative initiatives have emerged within Wellcome Trust-funded African and Asian Programmes (APPs) and elsewhere, and continued funding from the Wellcome Trust and other funders is likely to catalyse further innovation. Engagement between scientists and schools is well-described in the scientific literature (1-4), however, engagement between health researchers and schools is much newer, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, and rarely documented. In November 2018 the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) hosted an international workshop in Kilifi, Kenya, drawing on an emerging community of School Engagement practitioners towards exploring the broad range of goals for School Engagement, learning about the breadth of evaluation approaches and exploring the potential usefulness of establishing a practitioner network. The workshop was attended by 29 engagement researchers/practitioners representing 21 institutions from 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia and the UK. Workshop sessions combining small group discussions with plenary presentations, enabled a range of goals, activities and evaluation approaches to be shared. This report summarises these discussions, and shares participant views on the possible functions of a network of School Engagement practitioners.

A breadth of ‘deep’ and ‘wide’ engagement activities were described addressing four broad goals: contributing to science education; capacity strengthening for health research; contributing to goals of community engagement; and health promotion. While wide approaches have greater outreach for raising student awareness, deeper approaches are more likely enable informed student views to be incorporated into research. All activities ultimately aimed at improving health, but also at supporting development in low- and middle-income countries through promoting science-career uptake. Participants identified a range of potential benefits which could emerge from a practitioner network: sharing experiences and resources; facilitating capacity strengthening; and fostering collaboration
Flexible working hour arrangements in Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Neto Antonio
Published: July 2020

This paper bases on a survey applied to 315 human resources top managers from Brazilian firms regarding flexible working hour arrangements practices. I discuss how flexible arrangements occur in countries with regulatory, voluntarist or hybrid industrial relations systems (Brazil, Europe, USA and Asia). The research shows that flexible arrangements happen mainly as an initiative of managers while collective bargaining between unions and employees hold a third of these initiatives. Half of the arrangements exchanged overtime payment for time-off and 20% adopted home office and telecommuting; 76.8% of the companies had greater job satisfaction, productivity and retention of professionals.
Environmental awareness, engaged consumption and organic products consumption
Authors: Do Prado Nágela Bianca , Salati Marcondes de Moraes Gustavo Hermínio
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate how some environmental awareness dimensions influence consumer engagement and, consequently, the intention of consuming organic products. The methodology used was quantitative and the data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results obtained from a sample made up of 213 university students confirmed three hypotheses raised for research: the precautions taken in the domestic environment and mobilizing attitudes towards environmental positively influence more engaged consumption, and an engaged consumer has a greater intention of consuming organic products. Thus, the present study provides relevant information on the behavior of individuals in this market.
Editorial
Authors: Moraes Joysi
Published: July 2020

Editorial
Capacidades estatales: un análisis para la construcción de Estado y paz en Florida y Pradera (Valle)
Authors: Acosta Zapata Sebastián , Arias Calderón Jorge Enrique
Published: July 2020

Colombia, a raíz del Acuerdo de Paz firmado entre el gobierno nacional y las farc-ep, se enfrenta a nuevos retos, como la construcción de paz y la construcción de Estado. Es, por lo tanto, que se hace necesario indagar sobre los tipos de capacidades estatales que debe desarrollar la institucionalidad para garantizar mayor eficacia y eficiencia en sus acciones, así como la posibilidad de generar confianza y credibilidad en los territorios que han soportado el conflicto armado. Este artículo tiene por objetivo principal analizar las capacidades estatales internas y externas en una perspectiva relacional en dos municipios del Valle del Cauca —Florida y Pradera— para entender las oportunidades y dificultades de la construcción de Estado, desarrollo y paz. La metodología se aborda desde un enfoque constructivista cualitativo, porque se indaga sobre las visiones, perspectivas y consideraciones que tienen los funcionarios públicos acerca de sus roles como burócratas y sus relaciones con sus territorios. También se pretende estudiar desde una postura crítica la dinámica particular que tienen los funcionarios públicos de Florida y Pradera, y considerar que la realidad es socialmente construida por los actores que se relacionan e interactúan en ella. Se le dio prioridad a los grupos focales como técnicas de investigación. Se concluye reflexionando acerca de las dificultades de generar habilidades para que la administración pública sea eficiente y coordinada, y se relacione de manera adecuada con los diferentes actores del territorio, e igualmente con la difícil implementación de políticas en los territorios.
The Migratory Beekeeping Routing Problem: Model and an Exact Algorithm
Authors: Ma Zu-Jun , Yang Fei , Dai Ying , Max Shen Zuo-Jun
Published: July 2020

Apiculture has gained worldwide interest because of its contributions to economic incomes and environmental conservation. In view of these, migratory beekeeping, as a high-yielding technique, is extensively adopted. However, because of the lack of an overall routing plan, beekeepers who follow the experiential migratory routes frequently encounter unexpected detours and suffer losses when faced with problems such as those related to nectar source capacities and the production of bee products. The migratory beekeeping routing problem (MBRP) is proposed based on the practical background of the commercial apiculture industry to optimize the global revenue for beekeepers by comprehensively considering nectar source allocation, migration, production and sales of bee products, and corresponding time decisions. The MBRP is a new variant of the vehicle routing problem but with significantly different production time decisions at the vertices (i.e., nectar sources). That is, only the overlaps between residence durations and flowering periods generate production benefits. Different sales visits cause different gains from the same products; in turn, these lead to different production time decisions at previously visited nectar source locations and even change the visits for production. To overcome the difficulty resulting from the complicated time decisions, we utilize the Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition method and propose a revised labeling algorithm for the pricing subproblems. The tests, performed on instances and a real-world case, demonstrate that the column generation method with the revised labeling algorithm is efficient for solving the MBRP. Compared with traditional routes, a more efficient overall routing schedule for migratory beekeepers is proposed.

Summary of Contribution. Based on the practical background of commercial apiculture industry, this paper proposes a new type of routing problem named the migratory beekeeping routing problem (MBRP), which incorporates the selection of productive nodes and sales nodes as well as the production time decision at the productive nodes on a migratory beekeeping network. To overcome the difficulty resulting from the complicated time decisions, we utilize the Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition method and propose a revised labeling algorithm for the pricing subproblems. The tests, performed on instances and a real-world case, demonstrate that the column generation method with the revised labeling algorithm is efficient for solving the MBRP. Compared with traditional routes, a more efficient overall routing schedule for migratory beekeepers is proposed. Therefore, this paper is congruent with, and contributes to, the scope and mission of INFORMS Journal on Computing, especially the area of Network Optimization: Algorithms & Applications.
Musculoskeletal system part 2
Authors: Deighton Robert
Published: July 2020

The clinical examination is an important part of any patient consultation. After the primary survey and taking the patient history, a more in-depth examination is sometimes required to aid making a working diagnosis and help negate other differential diagnoses. The extent of this depends on the stability of the patient and may not be possible in time-critical circumstances. However, clinical examination is an increasing part of paramedic practice owing to the continued expansion of the scope of the paramedic role in both urgent and emergency care. Education on clinical examination concerning each of the main body systems is now an integral part of undergraduate paramedic curricula.

This clinical examination series provides a step-by-step overview for each of the main body systems. Continuing professional development (CPD) is an essential requirement for all clinicians to maintain and to demonstrate that they are staying up to date and advancing in their roles.

This series gives an overview of each type of examination to support students, newly qualified paramedics and paramedics wishing to use these articles as a CPD development activity and an aide-memoire for clinical practice. This article, which explores the the musculoskeletal system, gives an overview of initial examination considerations.
999 call-taker insights
Authors: Parry Samuel
Published: July 2020

As university lectures have moved online, Samuel Parry shares his experiences of becoming an emergency call-taker during the pandemic and his lessons learned about how 999 calls are dealt with before the crews on the road receive them
Exploring the concept of ‘informed consent’ within the context of paramedic practice
Authors: Taylor Helen , Brogan James
Published: July 2020

The phrase ‘informed consent’ is used widely in healthcare. Practitioners ask their patients for their consent to a treatment or a diagnostic or monitoring procedure and, if consent is given, will document this. There is a general understanding that consent is a prerequisite for care and signifies the patient’s permission for the paramedic to proceed with assessments and other therapeutic interventions. Obtaining the patient’s informed consent is fundamental to contemporary healthcare: what is informed consent and why is it so important? This article explores the meaning of consent in practice and the purpose it serves. It will then go on to consider complex circumstances, including emergencies, young people aged under 18 years, when a patient is unable to give consent or where a person has capacity to consent but refuses.
The Role of Eco-School Program (Adiwiyata) towards Environmental Literacy of High School Students
Authors: Nurwidodo N. , Amin Mohamad , Ibrohim I. , Sueb S.
Published: July 2020

This study was intended to display the role of eco-school program (Adiwiyata) towards environtmental literacy (EL) of high school students by analyzing, (a) EL of students in Adiwiyata and non-Adiwiyata high schools, and (b) EL of students in Grade X and XI, Adiwiya and non-Adiwiyata high schools in Malang-East Java, Indonesia. The survey involved 275 students. The respondents were from four state high school i.e. SMAN 1, SMAN 3, SMAN 4, and SMAN 7. Data were taken via MSELS questionnaire that was modified and filled online. Aspects of EL include ecological knowledge, environmental affect, cognitive skills, and behavior. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the level of students’ EL was significantly influenced by school type and grade. However, the interaction both of them had no significant effect on their EL. Univariate results on school type factor informed that significant differences occured in all aspects of EL, where the lower identified level of students in Adiwiyata schools compared to Non-Adiwiyata was only in the environmental affect. On the other hand, the significant influence of grade level only occurred in cognitive skills aspect. Broadly speaking, all data analyzes concluded that the application of the Adiwiyata program was able to bring a positive impact on the level of students’ EL. There was also a tendency that the higher the student's grade, the better their EL level.
La promoció de la lectura a les llibreries de Catalunya (2018-2019)
Authors: Daura i Jorba Antoni
Published: July 2020

La majoria de llibreries catalanes han estat tradicionalment un punt de trobada entre lectors i autors. De manera regular, les presentacions i signatures de llibres, com també les sessions de contacontes i, en menor grau, els clubs de lectura formen part del dia a dia de l’univers llibreter. Aquest paper es fa de manera natural, sense grans innovacions perquè es tracta d’un model plenament consolidat i adient a les característiques, físiques i humanes, d’aquests establiments culturals de proximitat. En aquest informe repassarem la situació dels darrers dos anys.
Single-longitudinal-mode-operated, passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG microchip laser with >100  kHz repetition rate and <400  ps pulse width
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Xin , Zhou Chenglin , Li Ming , Shu Rong
Published: July 2020

We report a comprehensive design procedure for passively

Q

-switched monolithic

Nd

:

YAG

/

Cr

4
+

:

YAG

microchip lasers to realize operation conditions of the pulse repetition rate (PRR)

>

100

kHz

and pulse width (PW)

<

400

ps

, simultaneously. Crucial parameters including effective pump power and waist diameter of the pump laser, doping concentration and thickness of the Nd:YAG crystal, initial transmittance (

T
0

) of the

Cr

4
+

:

YAG

crystal, as well as the reflectivity of the output coupler are all considered during the design process. Two single-longitudinal-mode-operated lasers are designed and constructed according to the numerical results. The lengths and doping concentrations of Nd:YAG for both microchips are optimized to be 0.5 mm and 2%, respectively. A PRR up to 170 kHz and PW of

∼
370

ps

are measured under the pump power of 2.6 W for a microchip with

T
0

of 0.85. A slightly lower PRR of 118 kHz with a shorter PW of

∼

320

ps

is also achieved under the same pump power for another microchip with

T
0

of 0.8. The related pulse energies for the two microchips are

∼

2.1

µ
J

and

∼

1.8

µ
J

, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these results are among the highest PRRs achieved for passively

Q

-switched

Nd

:

YAG

/

Cr

4
+

:

YAG

microchips with PWs

<

400

ps

.
Single-shot in-line Fresnel incoherent holography using a dual-focus checkerboard lens
Authors: Sakamaki Shota , Yoneda Naru , Nomura Takanori
Published: July 2020

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) is a technology that can acquire three-dimensional information of incoherent objects such as fluorescence with an in-line optical system. However, it is difficult to apply FINCH to dynamic phenomena, since FINCH has to detect phase-shifted holograms sequentially to eliminate twin and zero-order images. In this paper, a method in which the phase-shifted holograms can be obtained simultaneously with an in-line setup by using an optimized simulated diffraction optical element (sDOE), realized by a phase-only spatial light modulator, is proposed. The optimized sDOE is an optical device with a dual-focus lens, 2D grating, and spatial phase shifter. Therefore, the sDOE is called a dual-focus checkerboard lens. The optical experiment confirms the feasibility of the proposed method.
Optimal modified lateral shearing interferometer with axial range extension by using a dual optical plate
Authors: Seo Kwang-Beom , Shin Seung-Ho
Published: July 2020

We present a method to extend the axial range of digital holographic microscopy based on the optimal modified lateral shearing interferometer (MLSI). The proposed system can extend the axial range by using a dual optical plate. The interference pattern with two spatial wavelengths is generated by the plate with different thicknesses. These spatial wavelengths transfer a dual spatial frequency into the Fourier plane by using FFT. Two phases are extracted by a dual spatial frequency and combined to create a synthetic wavelength, which is applied to measure the micrometer-scale object without phase unwrapping. Also, the noise-reducing algorithm is used to reduce phase noise caused by the amplified noise of the synthetic wavelength. The experimental result confirms the feasibility of the optimal MLSI by using a dual optical plate.
Thermal lens with passively tuned focal length formed in a photochromic material
Authors: Dobek Krzysztof , Brazevic Sabina
Published: July 2020

A new, to the best of our knowledge, way of tuning the focal length of
a thermal lens is presented. The thermal lens is formed in a
photochromic thermo-optical material, through illumination of the
material by a heating laser beam of constant power. The tunability of
the lens is achieved by changing the absorption coefficient of the
thermo-optical material at the heating laser beam wavelength. This
change is obtained by modifying the intensity of the additional, flat
in profile, light of a wavelength different than that of the heating
laser beam. The change in intensity of this light may follow from the
effects of external factors, as, e.g., decrease in daylight intensity.
Therefore, the lens may be considered as a passive auto-tuning lens,
with focal length auto-adjusting to the external illumination.