bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Olfactory brain activations in patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Herrmann Theresa , Koeppel Carina , Linn Jennifer , Croy Ilona , Hummel Thomas
Published: June 2023

Depression is associated with reduced olfactory function. This relationship is assumed to be based on either a reduced olfactory bulb volume or diminished functioning of higher cortical areas. As previous results are controversial, we aimed to re-evaluate central olfactory processing in depression. We recorded the BOLD signal of 21 patients with Major Depressive Disorder and 21 age and gender matched healthy controls during odor presentation. In addition, we measured the individual olfactory bulb volume, tested odor identification and odor threshold, and asked for hedonic odor perception. In both groups, odor presentation led to a pronounced activation of primary olfactory areas. However, secondary olfactory areas were significantly less activated in depressed individuals. The two groups did not differ in olfactory bulb volume. Our results point towards altered olfactory processing in patients in those regions that relate to sensory integration and attention allocation. Difficulties in cognitive processing could impact olfactory function in depression. We are therefore in favor of a top-down mechanism originating in higher cortical areas explaining parts of the relation between depression and olfaction.
Brown seaweed: Fucus vesiculosus as a feedstock for agriculture and environment protection
Authors: Krautforst Karolina , Szymczycha-Madeja Anna , Wełna Maja , Michalak Izabela
Published: June 2023

A comprehensive approach to the management of brown seaweed—Fucus vesiculosuswas presented. An algal extract, which served as a biostimulant of plant growth was produced using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The concentration of the extract (20, 40, 60, 80, 100%), which had the greatest influence on biometric parameters of radish, was determined in germination tests. The seaweed itself as well as the produced post-extraction residue were used in doses of 2 and 4 g/kg as soil additives, stimulating plant growth in the initial phase. Pot tests for sorghum carried out under optimal conditions (20% extract and 2 g/kg of soil additive) had a positive effect on the plant weight, length and the content of chlorophyll in comparison with the control group treated with distilled water. Additionally, preliminary studies on the bioremediation of soil contaminated with Zn(II) ions with the use of both soil additives were performed. It was shown that the immobilization of Zn(II) ions in the soil by the applied additives reduced the bioaccumulation of zinc in the aerial part of plants as compared with the group cultivated in the contaminated soil but without additive. Accordingly, by producing plant biostimulants by UAE it was also possible to successfully manage the post-extraction residue following the concept of a bio-based economy.
Prediction of the morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 in Egypt using non–extensive statistics
Authors: Yassin Hayam , Abo Elyazeed Eman R.
Published: June 2023

Non–extenstive statistics play a significant role in studying the dynamic behaviour of COVID-19 to assist epidemiological scientists to take appropriate decisions about pandemic planning. Generic non–extensive and modified–Tsallis statistics are used to analyze and predict the morbidity and mortality rates in future. The cumulative number of confirmed infection and death in Egypt at interval from 4 March 2020 till 12 April 2022 are analyzed using both non–extensive statistics. Also, the cumulative confirmed data of infection by gender, death by gender, and death by age in Egypt at interval from 4 March 2020 till 29 June 2021 are fitted using both statistics. The best fit parameters are estimated. Also, we study the dependence of the estimated fit parameters on the people gender and age. Using modified–Tsallis statistic, the predictions of the morbidity rate in female is more than the one in male while the mortality rate in male is greater than the one in female. But, within generic non-extensive statistic we notice that the gender has no effect on the rate of infections and deaths in Egypt. Then, we propose expressions for the dependence of the fitted parameters on the age. We conclude that the obtained fit parameters depend mostly on the age and on the type of the statistical approach applied and the mortality risk increased with people aged above 45 years. We predict - using modified–Tsallis - that the rate of infection and death in Egypt will begin to decrease till stopping during the first quarter of 2025.
Phosphogypsum and poultry manure enhance diversity of soil fauna, soil fertility, and barley (Hordeum aestivum L.) grown in calcareous soils
Authors: Mahmoud Esawy , Ghoneim Adel M. , Seleem Mostafa , Zuhair Raghda , El-Refaey Ahmed , Khalafallah Naglaa
Published: June 2023

Enrichment of calcareous soils with phosphogypsum and poultry manure amendments could increase nutrient availability, improve calcareous chemical characteristics, and enhance barley plant growth. In the current study, phosphogypsum (PG) and poultry manure (PM) were used to determine the effects of PG and PM application on soil fauna diversity, soil fertility, and barley yield. The pot experiment treatments were: C: control; PG1: 4.20 g kg−1 soil; PG2: 6.30 g kg−1 soil; PM1: 4.20 g kg−1 soil; PM: 6.30 g kg−1 soil, and their combinations. The results indicated that the application of PM alone or combined with PG had significant effects on the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), organic matter (OM), soil NPK availability, and yield of barley. Collembola and Prostigmata accounted for 50.0 and 43.3%, respectively, of the total number of soil fauna. Shannon and evenness indices increased significantly in the soil amended with PM alone or combined with PG. Amended soil with PG and/or PM significantly increased the yield and yield components of plants compared to the control. The PM1PG2 treatment increased the yield by 76.2% above the control.
Clinical and radiological evaluation of surgical treatment of medial epicondyle fractures of humerus in children. A two-centre study
Authors: Stelmach Wojciech , Beczkowski Jacek , Zając Piotr , Małecki Krzysztof , Sibiński Marcin , Niedzielski Kryspin
Published: June 2023

The present study analyses the outcome of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of humerus medial epicondyle fracture with the use of Kirschner (K) wires, and determine the effect of elbow dislocation. The study included 112 patients operated on in 2005–2016. Of these, 81presented with an isolated medial epicondyle fracture (mean age 11.6 years), and 31 with an elbow dislocation (mean age 11.9 years). Out of 112 patients tested, 98 achieved an excellent treatment result, ten good and a mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS); no significant differences were observed between dislocated and non-dislocated elbow groups. Those with an isolated medial epicondyle fracture demonstrated a mean flexion of 140.7° and extension deficit of 3.0°, while those with an elbow dislocation displayed a mean flexion of 134.5° and extension deficit 6.1°. The dislocation group demonstrated significantly greater extension and flexion deficits (p = 0.019, p < 0.001, respectively). One patient required revision surgery due to nonunion. Ulnar nerve function was normal in 110 patients: in the other two, it resolved spontaneously in one, and the nerve was transposed in the other. Medial elbow instability was found in seven patients: two with elbow dislocation and five without. ORIF with K wires is a safe procedure for treating medial epicondyle humeral fractures that yields good or very good results. Similar outcomes are observed between patients with and without dislocation according to MEPS; however, flexion and extension are more limited in the former group.
Radiation attenuation properties of chemically prepared MgO nanoparticles/HDPE composites
Authors: El-Khatib Ahmed M. , Gouda Mona M. , Fouad Mohamed S. , Abd-Elzaher Mohamed , Ramadan Wegdan
Published: June 2023

Sheets of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) loaded with magnesium oxide in micro and nano were synthesized with different weight percentages of micro-MgO (0,5,10,20 and 30% by weight) and nano-MgO (5 and 30%) and shaped in form of disc and dog bone shape. The morphological, mechanical, and attenuation characteristics of each concentration were determined. The linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) of the prepared discs were calculated using a well-calibrated scintillation detector and five standard gamma-ray point sources (241Am, 133Ba, 137Cs, 60Co and 152Eu). The LAC was theoretically calculated for HDPE/micro-MgO composites using XCOM software. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was observed. The comparison between micro and nano-MgO as a filler in HDPE was evaluated. The results proved that the loaded nano-MgO in different proportions of HDPE produced greater attenuation coefficients than its micro counterpart. The addition of nano MgO with different weight percentage led to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of HDPE, the ultimate force and ultimate stress increased as the concentration of nano MgO increased, and the young modulus of HDPE also increased with increasing concentration of micro and nano MgO.
The impact of extreme summer temperatures in the United Kingdom on infant sleep: Implications for learning and development
Authors: Berger Sarah E. , Ordway Monica R. , Schoneveld Emiel , Lucchini Maristella , Thakur Shambhavi , Anders Thomas , Natale Liza , Barnett Natalie
Published: June 2023

The U.S. Global Change Research Program reports that the frequency and intensity of extreme heat are increasing globally. Studies of the impact of climate change on child health often exclude sleep, despite its importance for healthy growth and development. To address this gap in the literature, we studied the impact of unusually high temperatures in the summer of 2022 on infants’ sleep. Sleep was assessed objectively using Nanit camera monitors in infants’ homes. Generally, sleep was not impacted when temperatures stayed below 88° but was negatively impacted when temperatures reached over 100°. Compared to non-heatwave nights, infants had less total sleep, less efficient sleep, took longer to fall asleep, had more fragmented sleep, and parents’ visits were more frequent during the night. Following peaks in temperature, sleep metrics rebounded to better than average compared to non-peak nights, suggesting that infants compensated for disrupted sleep by sleeping more and with fewer interruptions once the temperature dropped below 85°. Increased instances of disrupted sleep in infancy have important implications for psychological health and development. Climate disruptions such as heat waves that create occasional or ongoing sleep disruptions can leave infants vulnerable and unprepared for learning.
Structural connectome alterations in anxious dogs: a DTI-based study
Authors: Chen Qinyuan , Xu Yangfeng , Christiaen Emma , Wu Guo-Rong , De Witte Sara , Vanhove Christian , Saunders Jimmy , Peremans Kathelijne , Baeken Chris
Published: June 2023

Anxiety and fear are dysfunctional behaviors commonly observed in domesticated dogs. Although dogs and humans share psychopathological similarities, little is known about how dysfunctional fear behaviors are represented in brain networks in dogs diagnosed with anxiety disorders. A combination of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and graph theory was used to investigate the underlying structural connections of dysfunctional anxiety in anxious dogs and compared with healthy dogs with normal behavior. The degree of anxiety was assessed using the Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ), a widely used, validated questionnaire for abnormal behaviors in dogs. Anxious dogs showed significantly decreased clustering coefficient ($${C}_{p}$$

C
p

), decreased global efficiency ($${E}_{glob}$$

E

glob

), and increased small-worldness (σ) when compared with healthy dogs. The nodal parameters that differed between the anxious dogs and healthy dogs were mainly located in the posterior part of the brain, including the occipital lobe, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, mesencephalon, and cerebellum. Furthermore, the nodal degree ($${K}_{i}$$

K
i

) of the left cerebellum was significantly negatively correlated with “excitability” in the C-BARQ of anxious dogs. These findings could contribute to the understanding of a disrupted brain structural connectome underlying the pathological mechanisms of anxiety-related disorders in dogs.
Fractional calculus in mathematical oncology
Authors: Alinei-Poiana Tudor , Dulf Eva-H. , Kovacs Levente
Published: June 2023

Even though, nowadays, cancer is one of the leading causes of death, too little is known about the behavior of this disease due to its unpredictability from one patient to another. Classical mathematical models of tumor growth have shaped our understanding of cancer and have broad practical implications for treatment scheduling and dosage. However, improvements are still necessary on these models. The primary objective of the present research is to prove the efficiency of fractional order calculus in mathematical oncology, more specifically in tumor growth modeling. For this, a generalization of the four most used differential equation models in tumor volume measurements fitting is realized, using the corresponding fractional order equivalent. Are established the fractional order Exponential, Logistic, Gompertz, General Bertalanffy-Pütter and Classical Bertalanffy-Pütter models for a treated and untreated dataset. The obtained results are compared by Mean Squared Error (MSE) with the integer order correspondent of each model. The results prove the superiority of the fractional order models. The MSE of fractional order models are reduced at least at half in comparison with the MSE of the integer order equivalent. It is demonstrated in this way that fractional order deterministic models can offer a good starting point in finding a proper mathematical model for tumor evolution prediction. Fractional calculus is a suitable method in this case due to its memory property, aspect that particularly characterizes biological processes.
Factors influencing oral microbiome analysis: from saliva sampling methods to next-generation sequencing platforms
Authors: Bang Eunsik , Oh Sujin , Ju Uijin , Chang Ho Eun , Hong Jin-Sil , Baek Hyeong-Jin , Kim Keun-Suh , Lee Hyo-Jung , Park Kyoung Un
Published: June 2023

The exploration of oral microbiome has been increasing due to its relatedness with various systemic diseases, but standardization of saliva sampling for microbiome analysis has not been established, contributing to the lack of data comparability. Here, we evaluated the factors that influence the microbiome data. Saliva samples were collected by the two collection methods (passive drooling and mouthwash) using three saliva-preservation methods (OMNIgene, DNA/RNA shield, and simple collection). A total of 18 samples were sequenced by both Illumina short-read and Nanopore long-read next-generation sequencing (NGS). The component of the oral microbiome in each sample was compared with alpha and beta diversity and the taxonomic abundances, to find out the effects of factors on oral microbiome data. The alpha diversity indices of the mouthwash sample were significantly higher than that of the drooling group with both short-read and long-read NGS, while no significant differences in microbial diversities were found between the three saliva-preservation methods. Our study shows mouthwash and simple collection are not inferior to other sample collection and saliva-preservation methods, respectively. This result is promising since the convenience and cost-effectiveness of mouthwash and simple collection can simplify the saliva sample preparation, which would greatly help clinical operators and lab workers.
Quantitative elemental mapping of biological tissues by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using matrix recognition
Authors: Janovszky Patrick , Kéri Albert , Palásti Dávid J. , Brunnbauer Lukas , Domoki Ferenc , Limbeck Andreas , Galbács Gábor
Published: June 2023

The present study demonstrates the importance of converting signal intensity maps of organic tissues collected by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to elemental concentration maps and also proposes a methodology based on machine learning for its execution. The proposed methodology employs matrix-matched external calibration supported by a pixel-by-pixel automatic matrix (tissue type) recognition performed by linear discriminant analysis of the spatially resolved LIBS hyperspectral data set. On a swine (porcine) brain sample, we successfully performed this matrix recognition with an accuracy of 98% for the grey and white matter and we converted a LIBS intensity map of a tissue sample to a correct concentration map for the elements Na, K and Mg. Found concentrations in the grey and white matter agreed the element concentrations published in the literature and our reference measurements. Our results revealed that the actual concentration distribution in tissues can be quite different from what is suggested by the LIBS signal intensity map, therefore this conversion is always suggested to be performed if an accurate concentration distribution is to be assessed.
Genome segment ratios change during whitefly transmission of two bipartite cassava mosaic begomoviruses
Authors: Kennedy George G. , Sharpee William , Jacobson Alana L. , Wambugu Mary , Mware Benard , Hanley-Bowdoin Linda
Published: June 2023

Cassava mosaic disease is caused by a complex of whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses, which often occur in co-infections. These viruses have bipartite genomes consisting of DNA-A and DNA-B that are encapsidated into separate virions. Individual viruses exist in plants and whitefly vectors as populations comprising both genome segments, which can occur at different frequencies. Both segments are required for infection, and must be transmitted for virus spread to occur. Cassava plants infected with African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and/or East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV), in which the ratios of DNA-A:DNA-B titers differed between plants, were used to examine how titers of the segments in a plant relate to their respective probabilities of acquisition by whiteflies and to the titers of each segment acquired and subsequently transmitted by whiteflies. The probabilities of acquiring each segment of ACMV did not reflect their relative titers in the source plant but they did for EACMCV. However, for both viruses, DNA-A:DNA-B ratios acquired by whiteflies differed from those in the source plant and the ratios transmitted by the whitefly did not differ from one – the ratio at which the highest probability of transmitting both segments is expected.
Regional aerosol forecasts based on deep learning and numerical weather prediction
Authors: Qiu Yulu , Feng Jin , Zhang Ziyin , Zhao Xiujuan , Li Ziming , Ma Zhiqiang , Liu Ruijin , Zhu Jia
Published: June 2023

Atmospheric chemistry transport models have been extensively applied in aerosol forecasts over recent decades, whereas they are facing challenges from uncertainties in emission rates, meteorological data, and over-simplified chemical parameterizations. Here, we developed a spatial-temporal deep learning framework, named PPN (Pollution-Predicting Net for PM2.5), to accurately and efficiently predict regional PM2.5 concentrations. It has an encoder-decoder architecture and combines the preceding PM2.5 observations and numerical weather prediction. Besides, the model proposes a weighted loss function to promote the forecasting performance in extreme events. We applied the proposed model to forecast 3-day PM2.5 concentrations over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China on a three-hour-by-three-hour basis. Overall, the model showed good performance with R2 and RMSE values of 0.7 and 17.7 μg m−3, respectively. It could capture the high PM2.5 concentration in the south and relatively low concentration in the north and exhibit better performance within the next 24 h. The use of the weighted loss function decreased the level of “high values underestimation, low values overestimation”, while incorporating the preceding PM2.5 observations into the encoder phase improved the predictive accuracy within 24 h. We also compared the model result with that from a state-of-the-art numerical model (WRF-Chem with pollutant data assimilation). The temporal R2 and RMSE from the WRF-Chem were 0.30−0.77 and 19−45 μg m−3 while those from the PPN model were 0.42−0.84 and 15−42 μg m−3. The proposed model shows powerful capacity in aerosol forecasts and provides an efficient and accurate tool for early warning and management of regional pollution events.
Deep-learning-enabled brain hemodynamic mapping using resting-state fMRI
Authors: Hou Xirui , Guo Pengfei , Wang Puyang , Liu Peiying , Lin Doris D. M. , Fan Hongli , Li Yang , Wei Zhiliang , Lin Zixuan , Jiang Dengrong , Jin Jin , Kelly Catherine , Pillai Jay J. , Huang Judy , Pinho Marco C. , Thomas Binu P. , Welch Babu G. , Park Denise C. , Patel Vishal M. , Hillis Argye E. , Lu Hanzhang
Published: June 2023

Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally. Prevention and early intervention are known to be the most effective forms of its management. Non-invasive imaging methods hold great promises for early stratification, but at present lack the sensitivity for personalized prognosis. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), a powerful tool previously used for mapping neural activity, is available in most hospitals. Here we show that rs-fMRI can be used to map cerebral hemodynamic function and delineate impairment. By exploiting time variations in breathing pattern during rs-fMRI, deep learning enables reproducible mapping of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and bolus arrival time (BAT) of the human brain using resting-state CO2 fluctuations as a natural “contrast media”. The deep-learning network is trained with CVR and BAT maps obtained with a reference method of CO2-inhalation MRI, which includes data from young and older healthy subjects and patients with Moyamoya disease and brain tumors. We demonstrate the performance of deep-learning cerebrovascular mapping in the detection of vascular abnormalities, evaluation of revascularization effects, and vascular alterations in normal aging. In addition, cerebrovascular maps obtained with the proposed method exhibit excellent reproducibility in both healthy volunteers and stroke patients. Deep-learning resting-state vascular imaging has the potential to become a useful tool in clinical cerebrovascular imaging.
Auditory-motor synchronization varies among individuals and is critically shaped by acoustic features
Authors: Mares Cecilia , Echavarría Solana Ricardo , Assaneo M. Florencia
Published: June 2023

The ability to synchronize body movements with quasi-regular auditory stimuli represents a fundamental trait in humans at the core of speech and music. Despite the long trajectory of the study of such ability, little attention has been paid to how acoustic features of the stimuli and individual differences can modulate auditory-motor synchrony. Here, by exploring auditory-motor synchronization abilities across different effectors and types of stimuli, we revealed that this capability is more restricted than previously assumed. While the general population can synchronize to sequences composed of the repetitions of the same acoustic unit, the synchrony in a subgroup of participants is impaired when the unit’s identity varies across the sequence. In addition, synchronization in this group can be temporarily restored by being primed by a facilitator stimulus. Auditory-motor integration is stable across effectors, supporting the hypothesis of a central clock mechanism subserving the different articulators but critically shaped by the acoustic features of the stimulus and individual abilities.
Molecular and cellular evidence for the impact of a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated RAF1 variant on the structure and function of contractile machinery in bioartificial cardiac tissues
Authors: Nakhaei-Rad Saeideh , Haghighi Fereshteh , Bazgir Farhad , Dahlmann Julia , Busley Alexandra Viktoria , Buchholzer Marcel , Kleemann Karolin , Schänzer Anne , Borchardt Andrea , Hahn Andreas , Kötter Sebastian , Schanze Denny , Anand Ruchika , Funk Florian , Kronenbitter Annette Vera , Scheller Jürgen , Piekorz Roland P. , Reichert Andreas S. , Volleth Marianne , Wolf Matthew J. , Cirstea Ion Cristian , Gelb Bruce D. , Tartaglia Marco , Schmitt Joachim P. , Krüger Martina , Kutschka Ingo , Cyganek Lukas , Zenker Martin , Kensah George , Ahmadian Mohammad R.
Published: June 2023

Noonan syndrome (NS), the most common among RASopathies, is caused by germline variants in genes encoding components of the RAS-MAPK pathway. Distinct variants, including the recurrent Ser257Leu substitution in RAF1, are associated with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Here, we investigated the elusive mechanistic link between NS-associated RAF1S257L and HCM using three-dimensional cardiac bodies and bioartificial cardiac tissues generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring the pathogenic RAF1 c.770 C > T missense change. We characterize the molecular, structural, and functional consequences of aberrant RAF1–associated signaling on the cardiac models. Ultrastructural assessment of the sarcomere revealed a shortening of the I-bands along the Z disc area in both iPSC-derived RAF1S257L cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue biopsies. The aforementioned changes correlated with the isoform shift of titin from a longer (N2BA) to a shorter isoform (N2B) that also affected the active force generation and contractile tensions. The genotype-phenotype correlation was confirmed using cardiomyocyte progeny of an isogenic gene-corrected RAF1S257L-iPSC line and was mainly reversed by MEK inhibition. Collectively, our findings uncovered a direct link between a RASopathy gene variant and the abnormal sarcomere structure resulting in a cardiac dysfunction that remarkably recapitulates the human disease.
Wnt signaling preserves progenitor cell multipotency during adipose tissue development
Authors: Yang Loureiro Zinger , Joyce Shannon , DeSouza Tiffany , Solivan-Rivera Javier , Desai Anand , Skritakis Pantos , Yang Qin , Ziegler Rachel , Zhong Denise , Nguyen Tammy T. , MacDougald Ormond A. , Corvera Silvia
Published: June 2023

Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells are essential for tissue development and repair throughout life, but how they are maintained under chronic differentiation pressure is not known. Using single-cell transcriptomics of human progenitor cells we find that adipose differentiation stimuli elicit two cellular trajectories: one toward mature adipocytes and another toward a pool of non-differentiated cells that maintain progenitor characteristics. These cells are induced by transient Wnt pathway activation and express numerous extracellular matrix genes and are therefore named structural Wnt-regulated adipose tissue cells. We find that the genetic signature of structural Wnt-regulated adipose tissue cells is present in adult human adipose tissue and adipose tissue developed from human progenitor cells in mice. Our results suggest a mechanism whereby adipose differentiation occurs concurrently with the maintenance of a mesenchymal progenitor cell pool, ensuring tissue development, repair and appropriate metabolic control over the lifetime.
A multimodal atlas of tumour metabolism reveals the architecture of gene–metabolite covariation
Authors: Benedetti Elisa , Liu Eric Minwei , Tang Cerise , Kuo Fengshen , Buyukozkan Mustafa , Park Tricia , Park Jinsung , Correa Fabian , Hakimi A. Ari , Intlekofer Andrew M. , Krumsiek Jan , Reznik Ed
Published: June 2023

Tumour metabolism is controlled by coordinated changes in metabolite abundance and gene expression, but simultaneous quantification of metabolites and transcripts in primary tissue is rare. To overcome this limitation and to study gene–metabolite covariation in cancer, we assemble the Cancer Atlas of Metabolic Profiles of metabolomic and transcriptomic data from 988 tumour and control specimens spanning 11 cancer types in published and newly generated datasets. Meta-analysis of the Cancer Atlas of Metabolic Profiles reveals two classes of gene–metabolite covariation that transcend cancer types. The first corresponds to gene–metabolite pairs engaged in direct enzyme–substrate interactions, identifying putative genes controlling metabolite pool sizes. A second class of gene–metabolite covariation represents a small number of hub metabolites, including quinolinate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which correlate to many genes specifically expressed in immune cell populations. These results provide evidence that gene–metabolite covariation in cellularly heterogeneous tissue arises, in part, from both mechanistic interactions between genes and metabolites, and from remodelling of the bulk metabolome in specific immune microenvironments.
Adipogenic and SWAT cells separate from a common progenitor in human brown and white adipose depots
Authors: Palani Nagendra P. , Horvath Carla , Timshel Pascal N. , Folkertsma Pytrik , Grønning Alexander G. B. , Henriksen Tora I. , Peijs Lone , Jensen Verena H. , Sun Wenfei , Jespersen Naja Z. , Wolfrum Christian , Pers Tune H. , Nielsen Søren , Scheele Camilla
Published: June 2023

Adipocyte function is a major determinant of metabolic disease, warranting investigations of regulating mechanisms. We show at single-cell resolution that progenitor cells from four human brown and white adipose depots separate into two main cell fates, an adipogenic and a structural branch, developing from a common progenitor. The adipogenic gene signature contains mitochondrial activity genes, and associates with genome-wide association study traits for fat distribution. Based on an extracellular matrix and developmental gene signature, we name the structural branch of cells structural Wnt-regulated adipose tissue-resident (SWAT) cells. When stripped from adipogenic cells, SWAT cells display a multipotent phenotype by reverting towards progenitor state or differentiating into new adipogenic cells, dependent on media. Label transfer algorithms recapitulate the cell types in human adipose tissue datasets. In conclusion, we provide a differentiation map of human adipocytes and define the multipotent SWAT cell, providing a new perspective on adipose tissue regulation.
Endometriosis-targeted MRI imaging using bevacizumab-modified nanoparticles aimed at vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Shiman , Li Yajie , Lai Mao , Li Qing , Fu Caixia , Yao Zhenwei , Zhang Junhai
Published: June 2023

By targeting the enriched vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) in endometriosis, we develop an MRI contrast agent, NaGdF4@PEG@bevacizumab–Cy5.5 nanoparticles (NPBCNs) to detect endometriosis in MRI and fluorescence imaging.
In vivo bioimaging and detection of endogenous hypochlorous acid in lysosome using a near-infrared fluorescent probe
Authors: Jiang Jian , Wang Shaocai , Wang Sai , Yang Yinshuang , Zhang Xiuli , Wang Wenjun , Zhu Xu , Fang Mingxi , Xu Yaozeng
Published: June 2023

The phagocyte's lysosome is the primary site of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) synthesis, and HOCl can be used as a biomarker for osteoarthritis diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
Aloe-derived nanovesicles attenuate inflammation and enhance tight junction proteins for acute colitis treatment
Authors: Choi Sang-Hun , Eom Jung-Young , Kim Hyun-Jin , Seo Wonhyo , Kwun Hyo-Jung , Kim Do-Kyun , Kim Jihoon , Cho Young-Eun
Published: June 2023

Aloe-derived nanovesicles exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and decrease intestinal epithelial permeability with enhanced expression of TJ and AJ proteins in an ulcerative colitis model, potentiating their use in treatment of IBD.
P1Glutamine isosteres in the design of inhibitors of 3C/3CL protease of human viruses of thePisoniviricetesclass
Authors: Stubbing Louise A. , Hubert Jonathan G. , Bell-Tyrer Joseph , Hermant Yann O. , Yang Sung Hyun , McSweeney Alice M. , McKenzie-Goldsmith Geena M. , Ward Vernon K. , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: June 2023

Viral infections are one of the leading causes of acute morbidity in humans and much endeavour has been made by the synthetic community for the development of drugs to treat associated diseases.
Lanthanide-directed metal–organic coordination networks
Authors: Parreiras Sofia O. , Gallego José M. , Écija David
Published: June 2023

2D metal–organic networks on solid substrates are promising materials for sensing, catalysis, and nanomagnetism. This article reviews lanthanide metal–organic coordination networks, focusing on their structure, electronic and magnetic properties.
A robust COF@MXene membrane for ultra-high flux of water-in-oil emulsion separation
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Xiangqian , Zhou Yujian , Ma Wen , Wang Fushan , Zhou Yongjun , Men Xuehu
Published: June 2023

Herein, robust COF@MXene separation membranes were prepared for ultra-high flux emulsion separation.
Controllable synthesis and formation mechanism of pure and Fe-doped h-MoO3 microrods under hydrothermal reaction conditions
Authors: Li Hong-Xiao , Wang Lu , Du Feng-Jiao
Published: June 2023

In the present work, pure and Fe-doped h-MoO3 microrods were successfully synthesized via the hydrothermal method using (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O and concentrated HNO3 as the raw materials.
Mixed quantum/classical theory for rotational energy exchange in symmetric-top-rotor + linear-rotor collisions and a case study of the ND3 + D2 system
Authors: Joy Carolin , Mandal Bikramaditya , Bostan Dulat , Babikov Dmitri
Published: June 2023

The extension of mixed quantum/classical theory (MQCT) to describe collisional energy transfer is developed for a symmetric-top-rotor + linear-rotor system and is applied to ND3 + D2.
The influence of fluorination on the dynamics of the F− + CH3CH2I reaction
Authors: Gstir Thomas , Michaelsen Tim , Long Bryan A. , Nacsa András B. , Ayasli Atilay , Swaraj Dasarath , Zappa Fabio , Trummer Florian , Ard Shaun G. , Shuman Nicholas S. , Czakó Gábor , Viggiano Albert A. , Wester Roland
Published: June 2023

Fluorination at the beta-carbon of ethyl iodide leads to a set of new product channels in the reaction with fluorine anions, which show rich reaction dynamics.
Exploring CO2hydrogenation to methanol at a CuZn–ZrO2interfaceviaDFT calculations
Authors: Lempelto Aku , Gell Lars , Kiljunen Toni , Honkala Karoliina
Published: June 2023

Multi-component heterogeneous catalysts are among the top candidates for converting greenhouse gases into valuable compounds.
Effect of coenzyme Q10 on cardiac function and survival in heart failure: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Alarcón-Vieco Eva , Martínez-García Irene , Sequí-Domínguez Irene , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Eva , Moreno-Herráiz Nerea , Pascual-Morena Carlos
Published: June 2023

Heart failure (HF) is associated with a deficiency in blood levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and its supplementation has been proposed.
Selectivity tunable iron nanoparticles from lignocellulosic components for the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds towards switchable products
Authors: Zhuang Xiuzheng , Wei Xiangqian , Hu Xiaohong , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xinghua , Chen Lungang , Liu Jianguo , Ma Longlong
Published: June 2023

The regulatory mechanism of reductive amination by selectivity tunable iron nanoparticles, which enables the synthesis of various products from carbonyl compounds with excellent efficiency, was explored.
Bright lead-free Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite scintillators for thermal neutron detection
Authors: Yao Lu , Gui Wanting , Zhou Xunsheng , Li Chao , Zhang Shi , Zhao Jing Kui , Wang Cai Lin
Published: June 2023

The as-prepared Cs3Cu2I5/6LiF/PMMA composite scintillators show a high light yield, with thermal neutron signals and gamma signals effectively separated.
Gold nanorods derivatized with CTAB and hydroquinone or ascorbic acid: spectroscopic investigation of anisotropic nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes
Authors: Amatori Simone , Lopez Alberto , Meneghini Carlo , Calcabrini Annarica , Colone Marisa , Stringaro Annarita , Migani Sofia , Khalakhan Ivan , Iucci Giovanna , Venditti Iole , Battocchio Chiara
Published: June 2023

Gold nanorod derivatization with CTAB and hydroquinone (HQ) or ascorbic acid (AA) allows the preparation of on-demand functionalized nanomaterials of appropriate shape and size.
Research progress of MXenes and layered double hydroxides for supercapacitors
Authors: Lin Zhongtai , Li Xue , Zhang Hao , Xu Ben Bin , Wasnik Priyanka , Li Handong , Singh Man Vir , Ma Yong , Li Tingxi , Guo Zhanhu
Published: June 2023

In this study, the preparation methods of MXenes and layered dihydroxides (LDHs) are reviewed. In addition, the preparation and the electrochemical performances for supercapacitors of MXene/LDHs composites are summarized in detail.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation of N-carbamoylindoles with CF3-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides for the divergent synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted (dihydro)pyrimidoindolones
Authors: Duan Yubo , Lu Shu-Ning , Yang Zuguang , Chen Zhengkai , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: June 2023

We have developed a Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation/chemodivergent annulation of N-carbamoylindoles with TFISYs, allowing facile access to a variety of trifluoromethyl-substituted (dihydro)pyrimidoindolones with high efficiency. Solvents play a critical role in the selectivity of the reaction.
First-principles calculation of the optical properties of the YBa2Cu3O7−δ oxygen vacancies model
Authors: Liu Gang , Shang Yuanhang , Jia Baonan , Guan Xiaoning , Han Lihong , Zhang Xinhui , Song Haizhi , Lu Pengfei
Published: June 2023

We used first-principles methods to investigate how oxygen vacancy defects affect the optical properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (0 < δ < 1). Oxygen vacancies can be used as a tool to manipulate the optical response of YBa2Cu3O7−δ.
Injectable and photocurable macromonomers synthesized using a heterometallic magnesium–titanium metal–organic catalyst for elastomeric polymer networks
Authors: Niedźwiedź Malwina J. , Ignaczak Wojciech , Sobolewski Peter , Goszczyńska Agata , Demirci Gokhan , El Fray Miroslawa
Published: June 2023

Injectable and in situ photocurable biomaterials are receiving a lot of attention due to their ease of application via syringe or dedicated applicator and ability to be used in laparoscopic and robotic minimally invasive procedures.
Insights into fourth generation selective inhibitors of (C797S) EGFR mutation combating non-small cell lung cancer resistance: a critical review
Authors: Mansour Mostafa A. , AboulMagd Asmaa M. , Abbas Samar H. , Abdel-Rahman Hamdy M. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed
Published: June 2023

Insights into fourth generation selective inhibitors of (C797S) EGFR mutation combating non-small cell lung cancer resistance.
Appealing perspectives of the structural, electronic, elastic and optical properties of LiRCl3 (R = Be and Mg) halide perovskites: a DFT study
Authors: Rahman Nasir , Husain Mudasser , Tirth Vineeth , Algahtani Ali , Alqahtani Hassan , Al-Mughanam Tawfiq , Alghtani Abdulaziz H. , Khan Rajwali , Sohail Mohammad , Khan Abid Ali , Azzouz-Rached Ahmed , Khan Aurangzeb
Published: June 2023

To enhance the effectiveness of materials, we are motivated to investigate lithium-based halide perovskites LiRCl3 (where R = Be and Mg) using first-principles techniques based on density functional theory (DFT), implemented in the WIEN2K code.
Stability and structure–activity relationship of the SPA4 peptide under ambient and stressed conditions of lung injury
Authors: Chowdhury Asif Alam , Rodgers Karla , Godbole Nachiket M. , Awasthi Shanjana
Published: June 2023

Presented work in this article describes the structure of SPA4 peptide in ambient conditions, simulated lung fluids and chemical components, and structure–activity relation of SPA4 peptide against lipopolysaccharide stimuli.
Recent advances in permeable polymersomes: fabrication, responsiveness, and applications
Authors: Zhu Yanyan , Cao Shoupeng , Huo Meng , van Hest Jan C. M. , Che Hailong
Published: June 2023

This work reviewed recent advances in the design, fabrication, and responsiveness of permeable polymersomes, and their diverse applications in the fields of biomimetic nanoreactors, artificial cells and organelles, as well as nanomedicine were highlighted.
Determination of the sustainability index along with energy–exergy–emission–economic analysis of a VCR diesel engine fuelled with diesel–bioethanol–Al2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Mohapatra Taraprasad , Mishra Sudhansu S. , Sahoo Sudhansu S.
Published: June 2023

Different percentages of bioethanols made from waste rice straw blended with diesel mixed with Al2O3 nanoparticles were tested in a VCR CI engine under varying load intensities and at different compression ratios.
3D-structured bifunctional MXene paper electrodes for protection and activation of Al metal anodes
Authors: Heo Yeong Hoon , Lee Juyun , Ha Son , Chan Hyun Jong , Kang Dong Hyuk , Yoon Juhee , Kim Hyun Soo , Choi Yeonhua , Chan Kang Yun , Jin Hyoung-Joon , Kim Seon Joon , Yun Young Soo
Published: June 2023

3D-structured bifunctional MXene paper electrode (3D-BMPE), which has distinctive material properties, was fabricated to protect Al deposition/dissolution reactions with improved redox kinetics.
Influence of near-surface oxide layers on TiFe hydrogenation: mechanistic insights and implications for hydrogen storage applications
Authors: Santhosh Archa , Kang ShinYoung , Keilbart Nathan , Wood Brandon C. , Klassen Thomas , Jerabek Paul , Dornheim Martin
Published: June 2023

Hydrogenation of TiFe is hindered by amorphous oxide layers on the surface. We explored the energetics of oxide-layer hydrogenation as well as the nature and evolution of surface oxide phases for the informed utilization of TiFe for hydrogen storage.
Marine-origin polysaccharides-based free-standing multilayered membranes as sustainable nanoreservoirs for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Sousa Cristiana F. V. , Monteiro Luís P. G. , Rodrigues João M. M. , Borges João , Mano João F.
Published: June 2023

Free-standing (FS) membranes encompassing N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) and alginate (ALG) multilayers triggered a sustained release of FITC-BSA when incorporated as an intrinsic building block of the FS membranes.
A multi‐device user authentication mechanism for Internet of Things
Authors: Eman Raihan Dewon , Jahan Mosarrat , Kabir Upama
Published: June 2023

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) enables different customized services to ease the day‐to‐day life activities of users by utilizing information attained through the internet connectivity of low‐powered sensing devices. Due to device diversity and resource constraints of participating devices, IoT is vulnerable to security attacks. Consequently, authentication is the fundamental measure for using IoT services in the context of network security. IoT devices’ resource captivity makes designing robust and secure authentication mechanisms challenging. Besides, existing user authentication mechanisms are designed assuming a user always accesses an IoT environment using a particular device. However, nowadays, most users employ multiple devices to access the internet; subsequently, it needs an authentication mechanism to handle this diversity. This paper addresses this limitation and proposes a new One‐Time Password (OTP)‐based user authentication scheme supporting user access from multiple devices in an IoT environment. We verify the proposed scheme using widely used BAN logic, AVISPA tool, and informal security analysis, guaranteeing that our scheme preserves the necessary security features. Comparative performance analysis shows that our scheme achieves comparable computation, storage, and communication costs concerning existing works. Moreover, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method also sustains satisfactory network performance.
Construction of sterile system of Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.
Authors: Yuan Hong , Wang Yuyue , Tian Linghui , Guo Aiqiang , Chen Weiying , Liu Xiaojie
Published: June 2023

The stems of male and female strains of Bison grass (Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.) were taken as explants, and 1 / 2MS and MS medium were used, and different concentrations of NAA, KT and 6-BA were added to study the rapid propagation technology of ferison grass. Results indicated that 75% alcohol was treated for 30s with another 0.1 g ꞏL-1The disinfection effect of mercury solution for 12 min; The MS + 1.5 mg ꞏL-1 NAA + 0.4 mg ꞏL-1 KT female strain showed the best induction effect, The MS + 1.5 mg ꞏL-1 NAA + 0.6 mg ꞏL-1 KT male strain had the best induction effect; 1 / 2 MS + 2 mg + L-1 NAA + 1.5 mg ꞏL-1 6-BA the female and male strains had the best proliferation effect; The highest number of roots and root root rate of 1 / 2 MS + 1.5 mg ꞏL-1 female and male NAA strains were combined.
Construction of nano-assembly for mild photothermal therapy of tumors
Authors: Sun Shi , Zhou Xianfeng
Published: June 2023

Due to the high incidence and mortality rates of cancer, it is necessary to seek more targeted and effective treatment methods. Traditional cancer treatment methods have problems such as incomplete treatment and significant side effects. In recent years, photothermal therapy (PTT) has been considered one of the most promising treatment methods in the biomedical field. The treatment principle of PTT is to use materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency to absorb near-infrared light (NIR) and generate heat to ablate tumors. PTT has the advantages of low toxicity, non-invasiveness, strong specificity, and high controllability. However, the self-protective mechanism related to heat shock proteins (HSPs) gives cancer cells thermal tolerance. To minimize the thermal tolerance of cancer cells and improve the efficacy of PTT, a nano-assembly composed of Pluronic F-127 encapsulating the HSP inhibitor APO and the high photothermal conversion efficiency photosensitizer Cy7-TCF has been developed. The nano-assembly can accumulate at the tumor site and generate heat under near-infrared light irradiation. At the same time, it inhibits the expression of heat shock proteins, achieving the effect of mild photothermal therapy and reducing thermal damage to surrounding tissues.
Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Nutritional Therapy Regulating Estrogen Level on Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Rao Yunzhen
Published: June 2023

Objective: To analyze the therapeutic effect of nutritional therapy regulating estrogen level on anorexia nervosa (AN). Methods: Fifty patients with AN treated from December 2018 to December 2021 were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in the control group received routine antidepressant treatment, and the patients in the observation group received nutritional treatment to adjust estrogen level on the basis of this, and the course of treatment was one month. The body mass index and albumin level of the two groups were observed before and after treatment. Results: After one month's treatment, the body mass index of the patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), while the body mass index of the patients in the control group was slightly higher than that before treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). After treatment, the albumin levels in both groups were higher than before treatment, but the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nutritional therapy by regulating estrogen level can effectively improve patients' AN, which is worthy of clinical application.