bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGAJARAN BAHASA ARAB DENGAN CONTEXTUAL LEARNING PONDOK PESANTREN AL IKHLAS DI DAWAR, MANGGIS, MOJOSONGO, BOYOLALI, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Rohmat Rohmat
Published: October 2015

The research aims at two main things. The first, to find out the characteristics of contextual learning in teaching Arabic language at Pondok Pesantren Al Ikhlas in Dawar, Manggis, Mojosongo, Boyolali, Jawa Tengah. Second, to find out the components of contextual learning applied in teaching Arabic language at Pondok Pesantren Al Ikhlas. The research applies descriptive non hipothetical approach. The population is 220 santri, and the sample is 50 santri in random. The instrument for collecting  data is validity questionair with try out. Data analysis uses percent analysis. The result of research: 1) the characteristic of contextual learning involve collaboration, support each other; it is fun, not boring; learn in passion; integrated learning; use many resources, active students; sharing with friends; students are critical and creative teachers are just suited in teaching Arabic language at Pondok Pesantren Al Ikhlas in Dawar, Manggis, Mojosongo, Boyolali, Jawa Tengah. 2)  components of contextual learning  involve: related meaning; independent learning and collaboration, critical and creative thinking, helping students to grow and develop, reaching high standard and authentic thinking and the contextual learning strategy  is not found out unsuited in teaching Arabic language  at  Pondok Pesantren Al Ikhlas in Dawar, Manggis, Mojosongo, Boyolali, Jawa Tengah.
Keywords: Pengajaran Bahasa Arab, Pengajaran Kontekstual
EMPOWERING THE READING READABILITY
Authors: Handoko Handoko
Published: October 2015

A general assumption about reading is that students improve their reading ability by reading a lot. This research was conducted to explain the use of extensive reading and aimed to figure out its implementation in improving students’ reading readability by using the class action research technique. The data of this research relates to the students ‘reading progress shown in their reading reports: spoken and written summary, reading comprehension and vocabulary mastery and their participation. The strategy was evolved in the continuity of reading. Students were encouraged to read extensively in and outside class. The findings indicated that the implementation could improve students’ reading readability.This attainment demonstrated that students’ reading readabilityis frosted through the continuity of reading. Other facts showed that students enjoyed reading. Students’ curiosity was also a significant factor. Their high curiosity explained why students continued reading though they realized that materials they read were difficult enough. Students’ self-confidence was also built as they were required to write a retelling story and to share their previous reading. Instead of their retelling and summarizing, students felt to be appreciated as readers. This appreciation indirectly helped students to improve the reading fondness.
PEMBELAJARAN MANAJEMEN RESIKO DALAM KETRAMPILAN BAHASA DAN BUDAYA BAGI PESERTA PROGRAM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Aniroh Kun
Published: October 2015

Risk management theoritically or practicallyis an important need for the international program particpants and for the organizer.Many campuses in Indonesia hold the Indonesian Language and Culture Program and other similarcultural programs.To face the enaction of ASEAN Economic Community next December 2015 in which one of the programs is the issuance of free visa for skilled labors, the international exchange for studying, apprenticeship, and working is becoming more intensive due to the fact that Indonesia is a potential market and is an attractive tourist destination.Therefore, risk management is a compelling need. The success of managing risk for the safety of international program participants can enhance the image of Indonesia in education, tourism, trade and other sectors. Based on the importance of risk management in including it in the language and culture skill or other similar programsin Indonesian and English as the best parctice,it is hoped to contribute in the education of minimizing disaster risks.
Computer and remote‐sensing infrastructure to enhance large‐scale testing of individual‐based forest models
Authors: Shugart Herman H , Asner Gregory P , Fischer Rico , Huth Andreas , Knapp Nikolai , Le Toan Thuy , Shuman Jacquelyn K
Published: October 2015

Global environmental change necessitates increased predictive capacity; for forests, recent advances in technology provide the response to this challenge. “Next‐generation” remote‐sensing instruments can measure forest biogeochemistry and structural change, and individual‐based models can predict the fates of vast numbers of simulated trees, all growing and competing according to their ecological attributes in altered environments across large areas. Application of these models at continental scales is now feasible using current computing power. The results obtained from individual‐based models are testable against remotely sensed data, and so can be used to predict changes in forests at plot, landscape, and regional scales. This model–data comparison allows the detailed prediction, observation, and testing of forest ecosystem changes at very large scales and under novel environmental conditions, a capability that is greatly needed in this time of potentially massive ecological change.
Applicability of the 35–2 Fractional Factorial Design in Determining the Effects of Cultivation Factors on Hulless Oat
Authors: Załuski Dariusz , Dubis Bogdan , Budzyński Wojciech , Jankowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of five cultivation factors (sowing date, seeding rate, N fertilization, Mg fertilization, and disease control), applied at three levels of intensity, on the grain yield and 1000‐grain weight of hulless spring oat (Avena sativa var. nuda L.) under variable weather conditions with the use of the 35–2 fractional factorial Resolution III design. In a 3‐yr field experiment, Polar hulless oat was grown on a gray‐brown podsolic soil in northeastern Poland. In the group of five analyzed production factors, the fixed effect of N fertilization and sowing rate had the greatest influence on oat yield. The effect of seeding date was also significant, subject to the random effect of weather conditions. The testing was initiated with a Resolution III design because it was relatively small in size and provides some preliminary information about possibly significant factors.
Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Isoliquiritigenin from Licorice by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Zhiyong Hu , Yajing Zhou , Xia Xu , Shuyan Liu , Jie Jing
Published: October 2015

Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) of licorice is a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. In this paper, response surface
methodology (RSM) integrating with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was firstly employed to optimize the ILG extraction,
which based on the single-factor experiments. According to analysis, the effect of extraction time and ethanol
concentration on yields was significantly. The optimum values were the ethanol concentration of 73.25%, extraction time
of 27.82 min and liquid-solid ratio of 19.10: 1. Under these conditions, the highest yield of ILG from licorice was 0.26
mg/g.
A Earthquake Damage Prediction System in Langfang Based on ArcGIS
Authors: Li Pan , Meng Huang
Published: October 2015

In order to minimize the loss of disasters on urban earthquake damage prediction research is of great significance.
This paper, establishment of a data management system based on ArcGIS +Visual Studio. NET platform is an important
work of the project, design and development of Langfang City earthquake damage prediction system. Firstly, the
overall system framework, then introduce the system to have the document management, Map management, information
queries, spatial analysis and other basic functions of the spatial database to establish and thematic map production management,
a key link in detail. Finally, through the practical application of Langfang City earthquake damage prediction
play a very good decision support role, while the region of space results data for effective organization and management
Complicated High-Rise Structure Design of NingBo-Liansheng Commercial Plaza
Authors: Shi Sufen
Published: October 2015

NingBo-Liansheng International Commercial Plaza is a twin towers with high-connection. It is a complex tall
building. The frame-shear wall structure system is used. The connection body is in 21 and 22 layers. The connection system
is strong connection and the two storey steel trusses are used. The north and South towers are placed by certain angle,
and it designed for the adjustment of plane with layout of shear wall near two tower dynamic characteristics. For the complexity
of connection system, the performance of different design goals are worked out for connecting different parts of
body as well as the tower. According to the calculation results and to take measures to strengthen the connection body, the
connection system can achieve the design target. It ensures the safety and reliability of the whole structure.
Support Technique of Horse Head in Weakly Cemented Soft Rock
Authors: Haixia Li , Zuhe Wang , Yingchang Xiu , Genxia Wang
Published: October 2015

Part of the chambers of the coalmine roadway in Western Inner Mongolia and Eastern Ningxia of China are in
weakly consolidated soft rock formation. Taking the horse head engineering in Maiduoshan coal mine in the main level as
an example, a new scheme was put forward to optimize the original supporting scheme. A three-dimensional numerical
model of the project of horse head was set up. According to the rock composition, different layer has different material
properties. Initial stress of the model was given according to the measure results of in-situ stress. Strain softening constitutive
model was used in calculation. The mechanical softening of surrounding rock after excavation was studied by numerical
analysis method. Numerical analysis was done before construction, and displacement of horse head surface was monitored
in construction. The result of numerical analysis and the monitoring data are similar. Good effect has been achieved
after the implementation of the project.
The Correlation of Spatial Distribution Between Surface Deformation and Landslides by SBAS-InSAR and Spatial Analysis in Longnan Region,
China
Authors: Yating Xue , Xingmin Meng , Peng Guo , Kai Li , Guan Chen
Published: October 2015

We use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time-series analysis of Envisat ASAR data to reveal
the correlation of distribution between surface deformation and landslides in western China. The results of SBAS-InSAR
revealed that the velocity of surface deformation is between -18.6mm/year to 26.8mm/year. The landslides data which we
extracted from SPOT 5 image and investigated in field were correlated with altitude, lithology, slope, degree, land-use,
fault, NDVI and distance to river. We found that the landslides mainly distribute on 13°~41° slope degree, 1200m~2000m
altitude, the strong human activity, the poor vegetation covered, near the river and fault, underlain medium thickness
limestone and thin-layered siltstone and mud stone. Using the landslides distribution features, landslides will be identified
from the results of surface deformation and landslides susceptibility will be assessed. This method can help local
government rapidly monitor landslides and assess landslides susceptibility on large scale.
Research on Laser Measurement System for Underground Unmanned
Load-Haul-Dump
Authors: Jianguo Li , kai Zhan , Hengtong Li , Xin Guo
Published: October 2015

A method of data processing for the laser measurement system (LMS) based on the software LABVIEW which
is used for underground unmanned Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) is described. The background of the technology is
recommended firstly, the characteristics of LABVIEW and LMS are introduced briefly. How to process the data from
LMS using LABVIEW including the algorithm for decoding the data and the frame of programming thought is described
in detail. The design of data processing system with a serial port debugging system is expounded. Finally, the system is
applied on a model LHD and it is proved that the system has feasibility and wide applying prospects for unmanned LHD.
Friction and Wear Behaviors of Gear Steel under Coupling of Rolling and
Sliding
Authors: Ming Ding
Published: October 2015

In this paper, the gear material 20CrMnTi was selected as the research object. Friction and wear behavior was
performed on the M2000 friction and abrasion tester. The friction and wear mechanisms of 20CrMnTi steel were
discussed under coupling of rolling and sliding. The results show that damage of steel-steel couples under coupling of
rolling and sliding is caused by the interaction of mechanical fatigue with dynamical phenomena of rolling and sliding
friction. Lubrication directly determines the friction and wear behaviors. Under dry friction, the wear mechanisms of
20CrMnTi steel are mainly adhesive wear, abrasive wear, oxidation wear and fatigue pitting under dry friction. Under
lubricating conditions, the wear mechanism of 20CrMnTi steel is mainly surface fatigue wear.
Sedimentary Mechanism in the Coal and Oil Shale Bearing Succession
Graben Basins: The Comparision between Fushun and Huangxian Basins,
Eastern China
Authors: Lv Dawei , Wu Xiaoyan , Li Zengxue , Feng Tingting , Liu Haiyan , Wang Dongdong , Zhao Luyang
Published: October 2015

The association of coal and oil shale had been a hot topic for a long time. Various types of association of coal
and oil shale can be found in one basin, for instance, the coal can act as the roof or floor or interlayer of the oil shale, etc.
The most crucial factor for the formation of oil shale is stratification and seasonal blooming of lower plankton, while the
final formation of the coal still need a hypoxia restored deposition environment. We take Huangxian and Fushun basins as
typical examples to study the coal and oil shale sedimentary mechanisms controlled by the boundary fault. We found that
the sedimentary mechanisms are different in different stages during the process of basin evolution. In the early stage, the
association of coal and oil shale with thinner layers can be found. In the late part of early stage, thick layer coal seams and
oil shale can be formed because of the relative stable faults. In the middle stage, thicker oil shale can be formed in deep
lake and thicker coal seams can be formed in the lacustrine shore. In the late stage of basin evolution, the association of
thickest coal seams and oil shale can be formed as the stable tectonic environment. Compared with the depression basin,
more active fault and short cycle subsidence controlled by the episodic tectonic movements are the obvious characteristics.
Higher rate of tectonic subsidence and a vast difference between sedimentary (peat-bearing) supply rate and accommodation
space change rate are in favor of forming oil shale, and slower rate of tectonic subsidence is favor of forming
coal. The study found that faulted structures obviously control the development, thickness and distribution characteristics
of oil shale and coal. As mentioned the above, the episodic tectonic movement of continental rift basin controls the types
and filling and evolution of deposits.
Experimental Research on the Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete
Beams Reinforced with BFRP
Authors: Haigen Cheng , Qin Tian , Jingmiao Shang , Dinkun Lu
Published: October 2015

In order to study the ultimate flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beams with BFRP (Basalt fiber reinforced
polymer), the test is designed and poured four T-section reinforced concrete beams. At first, monotonous static loading is
carried on two of the beams until the chinks appeared. Afterward, all beams are strengthened by BFRP sheets. The contrast
experiment studied and analyzed the different cracking load, ultimate load, deflection, reinforcement strain, concrete
strain, fiber cloth strain, crack development of pre-reinforced beams and damaged beams strengthened by BFRP sheets.
At the same time, the theoretical analysis and finite element simulation are performed to verify the result of experiment.
The results show that the ultimate flexural capacity of reinforced concrete beams with BFRP has significantly increased.
The circular bead treatment raises woke effect and reduces stress concentration of BFRP sheets.
Frost Resistance Test Research on Hybrid Fiber Concrete Based on Range
Analysis
Authors: Faming Liu , Lisha Zhao , Jie Ma
Published: October 2015

The research of single doped fiber concrete is relatively mature. But the research about different varieties and
different geometry shape of hybrid fiber concrete was very poor. Across the research in theory, hybrid fiber concrete can
improve the balance of fiber three-dimensional distribution and coordinating role of aggregate and fiber, improve the efficiency
of toughening crack resistance. In this paper, through the orthogonal experiment design method for hybrid fiber reinforced
concrete, the mass and compressive strength loss rate after 50 times, 75 times, 100 times freeze-thaw cycle had
been studied. Use range analysis quantified the influence level of various factors on the mechanical properties. It was analyzed
the hybrid fiber influence on improving the efficiency of toughening crack resistance and frost resistance. It is concluded
that adding the fiber can enhance the performance of concrete frost resistance. Long steel fiber have great influence
on compressive strength loss rate of hybrid fiber concrete, such as the compressive strength loss rate was reached
65.47% after 75 times freeze-thaw cycle. Short steel fiber have certain influence on mass loss of concrete which were after
less freeze-thaw cycles. The influence of polypropylene fiber on concrete frost resistance increases significantly, the
effect can reach 36.78% after 50 times of freeze-thaw cycle. The optimal combination of the hybrid fiber concrete ultimately
determined was A2B2C3 (simultaneously mixed with 50kg/m3 short steel fiber and long steel fiber as well as
0.9kg/m polypropylene fiber). The addition of steel fiber and polypropylene fiber are both beneficial to increase the internal
air content of concrete, strengthening the frost resistance of concrete. However, with the increase of dosage, the internal
porosity of concrete is gradually increasing, the density is reduced, and, as a result, the corresponding increase of
the compressive strength loss rate is also improved.
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis can be presenting manifestation of breast carcinoma
Authors: Mandic-Stojmenovic Gorana , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Skender-Gazibara Milica , Grujicic Danica , Radojicic Aleksandra , Covickovic-Sternic Nadezda
Published: October 2015

Introduction. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is a serious complication
occuring in solid cancer patients with rather poor prognosis. Case report.
We presented a 47-yearold woman with the 6-month history of diffuse
headache, nausea and visual obscuration. Initially, clinical status and
brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated syndrome of idiopathic
intracranial hypertension. Due to clinical progression and high papillary
stasis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was performed only after
ventriculoperitoneal shunt was implanted. This led to a significant although
transient clinical improvement. Futher investigations led to the diagnosis
of invasive lobular breast carcinoma and repeated CSF analysis revealed
malignant breast carcinoma cells. In this case LC was an initial
presentation of a malignant disease. Conclusion. In the presence of a high
clinical suspicion of LC, in spite of initially negative findings, a
clinician should persist in repeating relevant tests, such are MRI with
larger amounts of gadolinium and high-volume cytological CSF analyses in
order to make the diagnosis.
Analysis of the factors influencing development of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injuriеs
Authors: Sekulic Aleksandra , Karadzov-Nikolic Aleksandra , Bukumiric Zoran , Trajkovic Goran , Corac Aleksandar , Јаnkovic Slobodan , Milicevic Sasa
Published: October 2015

Background/Aim. Urinary tract infections are still the most frequent
complications in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The aim of this
study was to analyze the factors influencing development of urinary tract
infections during rehabilitation in patients with SCI. Methods. This
retrospective case/control study including 540 patients with SCI which were
rehabilitated in the Clinic for Rehabilitation ?Dr Miroslav Zotovic? between
January 2000 and December 2009. We used patient files and other avail-able
medical documentation for obtaining information contained in this study, such
as the manner of bladder emptying, the type of neurological disorder of the
bladder, the neurological level and completeness of a lesion, the injury
etiology, treatment method, secondary complications and associated injuries,
kidney and bladder calculosis, age and sex. Results. Out of the total number
of patients included in the study, 152 (28.1%) were without urinary tract
infections, whereas 388 (71.9%) had urinary tract infections. There were 389
(72%) male and 151 (28%) female patients. The average age of patients without
urinary tract infections was 51.0 ? 15.4 years, whereas the mean age of
patients with urinary tract infections was 44.3 ? 16.9 years. The results of
our study showed that the occurrence of urinary tract infections during
rehabilitation in patients with SCIs was associated with the following
factors: combined injuries (OR = 3.5), anemia (OR = 5.67), type of the
bladder functional disorder (OR = 40-60) and crystals in urine (OR = 7.54).
Conclusion. The physicians should take precautions and try to make the early
diagnosis and rapid appropriate treatment of urinary tract infections in
patients with SCI who also have functional bladder disorder, combined spinal
injuries, anemia or urine crystals.
Case report of Mikulicz`s disease: A modern concept of an old entity
Authors: Bozic Ksenija , Glisic Branislava , Radic-Tasic Olga , Knezevic Bojana
Published: October 2015

Introduction. Modern knowlegde defines Mikulicz?s disease as a part of
immunoglobulin G4-related disease. The main feature is the presence of
lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, immunoglobulin G4 plasma cells positivity,
distinctive storiform fibrosis and moderate eosinophilia. Case report. A
59-years old male presented with a mild keratoconjuctivitis sicca and
enlarged lacrimal and salivary glands during the last two years. Althought
clinical presentation of the patient was typical, earlier testing did not
pinpoint Mikulicz ?s disease. By typical clinical presentation, elevated
serum immunoglobulin G4 level and histopathological finding of lacrimal
glands tissue we diagnosed Mikulicz?s disease successfully treated with
corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion. We reported the first case of
IgG4-related Mikulicz?s disease in Serbia. Our report highlights IgG4-related
Mikulicz` s disease as an important differential diagnosis with Sj?gren`s
syndrome and lymphoproliferative disease in rheumatological practice.
Organized colorectal cancer screening in Serbia - the first round within 2013-2014
Authors: Bankovic-Lazarevic Dusica , Krivokapic Zoran , Barisic Goran , Jovanovic Verica , Ilic Dragan , Veljkovic Marko
Published: October 2015

Background/Aim. The National Organized Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
was conducted in the Republic of Serbia during 2013-2014 covering the
population of both genders, aged 50 to 74 years, in 28 municipalities out of
180, with the target population of 651,445 people. This organized colorectal
cancer screening aims to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer in the
target population. The aim of this study was to show the results of organized
screening for colorectal cancer during the first biannual round in Serbia.
Methods. General practitioners from the primary health centers, invited
target population by letters and by phone to perform immunochemical fecal
occult blood test. Persons with a positive test results were referred to the
colonoscopy. The database of health insurance and other citizens of the
target population was used for invitation for screening in primary health
centers. Descriptive statistical analysis of the results in organized
colorectal cancer screening in the first round was performed for the key
screening indicators. Results. In the first round, a total of 99,592 persons
were invited. The participation rate was 62.5%. Colonoscopy was performed in
1,554 persons. Adenomas were found in 586 persons (0.9% of all the tested),
e.g. 37.7 % of all colonoscopied. In 129 persons colorectal cancer was
diagnosed (0.2% of all the tested), e.g. 8.3% of all the colonoscopied. In
the left half of the colon (rectum, sigmoid and descending colon) there were
70.4% diagnosed polyps and 77.3% carcinomas, while 29.6% of polyps and 22.7%
carcinomas were found in the proximal parts of the colon. Conclusion. In the
first round of the organized colorectal cancer screening in Serbia the
participation rate of the targeted population was high and gave encouraging
result. It was expected that in the forthcoming rounds even higher coverage
of the target population would be accomplished. A positive predictive value
of the completed colonoscopies showed that further work on observing the
stages of diagnosed adenomas and carcinomas would reach the goals of the
expected improvement in early detection of colorectal cancer in Serbia.
Auditors' Risk Assessments: The Effects of Elicitation Approach and Assertion Framing
Authors: Mock Theodore J. , Fukukawa Hironori
Published: October 2015

This experimental study replicates, using U.S. audit practionioners, Fukukawa and Mock (2011), who investigated the effects of probability-based versus belief-based risk assessments and positive versus negative assertions on auditor judgments. Most results are consistent with the prior study: (1) significant differences between probability-based and belief-based risk assessments are observed; (2) assessed risks are significantly higher and relatively more skeptical when negatively versus positively stated assertions are provided; and (3) when the belief-based assessments are transformed into probabilities using a method proposed by Cobb and Shenoy (2006) and compared with the probability-based risk assessments, the difference is not statistically significant. Some results do not replicate, particularly when the risk assessments after audit evidence is provided are examined. However, in general, the U.S. results are more consistent with expectations. Overall, this study corroborates the key results of Fukukawa and Mock (2011).

Data Availability: Contact the first author for data for use by others interested in extending or replicating results.
Predictor variables for and complications associated with Streptococcus equi subsp equi infection in horses
Authors: Duffee Lauren R. , Stefanovski Darko , Boston Raymond C. , Boyle Ashley G.
Published: October 2015

Objective—To evaluate predictor variables for and complications associated with Streptococcus equi subsp equi infection (strangles) in horses.

Design—Retrospective case-control study.

Animals—108 horses with strangles (cases) and 215 horses without strangles (controls).

Procedures—Medical records from January 2005 through July 2012 were reviewed. Cases were defined as horses with clinical signs of strangles (pyrexia, retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy, and mucopurulent nasal discharge) that were associated with a confirmed strangles outbreak or had positive results for S equi on PCR assay or bacteriologic culture. Controls were defined as horses with pyrexia that did not meet the other criteria for cases. Data compared between cases and controls included signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, and disease complications and outcome. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with strangles and its complications.

Results—Clinical signs of strangles were not evident in 12 of 25 cases classified as S equi carriers (infected > 40 days). Predictor variables associated with strangles included mucopurulent nasal discharge and external abscesses in the pharyngeal region. Strangles was more likely to be diagnosed in the spring than in the summer. Cases with anemia were more likely to develop purpura hemorrhagica than were cases without anemia. No risk factors were identified for the development of guttural pouch empyema or metastatic abscesses.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that not all horses infected with S equi develop clinical signs of strangles. We recommend that guttural pouch endoscopy and lavage with PCR assay of lavage fluid samples be performed to identify S equi carrier horses.
Impact of curved shaped energy dissipaters downstream of head structures on both water energy dissipation and irrigation water quality
Authors: Ashour Mohamed A. , Sayed Tarek , El-Attar Salah
Published: October 2015

Using energy dissipaters on the soled aprons downstream of head structures is the main technique for accelerating hydraulic jump formation and dissipating a great amount of the residual harmful kinetic energy occurring downstream of head structures. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to investigate some untested shapes of curved dissipaters with different angles of curvature and arrangements from two points of view. The first is to examine its efficiency in dissipating the kinetic water energy. The second is to examine the most effective shape and arrangement obtained from the aforementioned step in enriching the flow with dissolved oxygen for enhancement of the irrigation water quality. The study was held in the irrigation and hydraulic laboratory of the Civil Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, using a movable bed tilting channel 20 m long, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm high, using 21 types of curved dissipaters with different arrangements. A total of 660 runs were carried out. Results were analysed, tabulated and graphically presented, and new formulas were introduced to estimate the energy dissipation ratio, as well as the DO concentrations. Results in general showed that the dissipater performance is more tangible in dissipating the residual energy when the curvature is in the opposite direction to that of the flow. Also, the energy loss ratio increases with an increase in curvature angle (θ), until it reaches (θ = 120°), then it decreases again. The study also showed that using three rows of dissipaters give nearly the same effect as using four rows, concerning both the relative energy dissipation and dissolved oxygen content. So, it is recommended to use three rows of the curved dissipater with the angle of curvature (θ = 120°) in the opposite direction to that of the flow to obtain the maximum percentage of water energy dissipation downstream of head structures, and maximum dissolved oxygen content too
Digital Natives
Authors: Brown Lorna
Published: October 2015

In this article I provide an overview of Digital Natives, a public art project I co-curated that was commissioned to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the City of Vancouver in 2011. Located on a billboard on Skwxwú7mesh territory adjacent to the Burrard Street Bridge, the project presented Twitter messages from artists and writers from across North America. Selected contributions were translated into the Skwxwú7mesh, Kwak’wala, and hən’q’emin’əm’ languages. I explore the ways in which the project’s approaches to spectacle and authorship, and its tactical responses to the regulation of public space, troubled and complicated the celebratory framework of the Vancouver 125th anniversary civic event.
The Hidden Costs of Aspiring to Global City Status: Robert Lepage, Vancouver, and Twenty-First Century China Collide at the 2010 Cultural Olympiad
Authors: Poll Melissa
Published: October 2015

“The Hidden Costs of Aspiring to Global City Status” examines the selection of The Blue Dragon, a sequel to The Dragons’ Trilogy crafted for the international festival circuit by Robert Lepage and Ex Machina, as a top-billed event in Vancouver’s 2010 Cultural Olympiad. Contextualized by the mega-event legacy of development in Vancouver, including the sale of Expo land to the wealthy Hong-Kong businessman Li Ka-shing and the post-Olympics spike in real estate twenty-five years later, this essay interrogates the ways in which The Blue Dragon represents the West’s uneasy relationship with a rapidly globalizing China and highlights the ethos driving contemporary racial tensions in Vancouver.
Vancouver 2010 and Cultural Impact
Authors: Commons Erica
Published: October 2015

This review of Aboriginal Peoples and Sport in Canada, edited by Janice Forsyth and Audrey R. Giles, demonstrates that the anthology is an insightful lens through which to examine issues of colonialism, cultural legacy, agency, and self-determination in mega-events, especially in the case of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic Games.
Embarking on the Hemispheric Project
Authors: Herrera-Lasso Martha
Published: October 2015

Natalie Alvarez’s edited collection, Latina/o Canadian Theatre and Performance, is the first book-length effort dedicated exclusively to this subject matter. In bringing together Canada- and US-based scholars, Alvarez presents a varied landscape of performances and theoretical approaches by which to engage with Latina/o Canadian theatre and performance.
René Descartes as Theatre Theorist and the Revolution of the Western Stage
Authors: Ackerman Alan
Published: October 2015

R. Darren Gobert’s The Mind-Body Stage: Passion and Interaction in the Cartesian Theater is a remarkable study of French philosopher René Descartes as a theorist of the theatre, which convincingly shows not only that theatre offers a demonstration of Descartes’s “theories in action” but also that Descartes had a transformational impact on theatre practice in seventeenth-century France and beyond.
Shunting in cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Cherian Jacob , Atmar Robert L. , Gopinath Shankar P.
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

Patients with cryptococcal meningitis often develop symptomatic intracranial hypertension. The need for permanent CSF diversion in these cases remains unclear.

METHODS

Cases of cryptococcal meningitis over a 5-year period were reviewed from a single, large teaching hospital. Sources of identification included ICD-9 codes, operative logs, and microscopy laboratory records.

RESULTS

Fifty cases of cryptococcal meningitis were identified. Ninety-eight percent (49/50) of patients were HIV positive. Opening pressure on initial lumbar puncture diagnosing cryptococcal meningitis was elevated (> 25 cm H2O) in 33 cases and normal (≤ 25 cm H2O) in 17 cases. Thirty-eight patients ultimately developed elevated opening pressure over a follow-up period ranging from weeks to years.

Serial lumbar punctures for relief of intracranial hypertension were performed in 29 cases. Thirteen of these patients ultimately had shunting procedures performed after failing to improve clinically. Two factors were significantly associated with the need for shunting: patients undergoing shunt placement were more likely to be women (5/13 vs 0/16; p = 0.01) and to have a pattern of increasing CSF cryptococcal antigen (10/13 vs 3/16 cases; p = 0.003). All patients re-presenting with mycological relapse either underwent or were offered shunt placement.

CONCLUSIONS

Neurosurgeons are often asked to consider CSF diversion in cases of cryptococcal meningitis complicated by intracranial hypertension. Most patients do well with serial lumbar punctures combined with antifungal therapy. When required, shunting generally provided sustained relief from intracranial hypertension symptoms. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts are the favored method of diversion. To the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the largest series on diversionary shunts in primarily HIV-positive patients with this problem.
Trigeminal neuropathic pain as a complication of anterior temporal lobectomy: report of 2 cases
Authors: Gill Impreet , Parrent Andrew G. , Steven David A.
Published: October 2015

Cranial nerve (CN) deficits following anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) are an uncommon but well-recognized complication. The usual CNs implicated in post-ATL complications include the oculomotor, trochlear, and facial nerves. To the authors’ knowledge, injury to the trigeminal nerve leading to neuropathic pain has not been previously described in the literature. This paper presents 2 cases of trigeminal neuropathic pain following temporal lobe resections for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed and the microsurgical anatomy of surgically relevant structures is reviewed.
Treatment of isolated cervical facet fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Chen Eric , Patel Alpesh A. , Ahn Henry , Nassr Ahmad , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Harrop James , Schroeder Gregory D. , Agarwala Amit , Dvorak Marcel F. , Fourney Daryl R. , Wood Kirkham B. , Traynelis Vincent C. , Yoon S. Tim , Fehlings Michael G. , Aarabi Bizhan
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

In this clinically based systematic review of cervical facet fractures, the authors’ aim was to determine the optimal clinical care for patients with isolated fractures of the cervical facets through a systematic review.

METHODS

A systematic review of nonoperative and operative treatment methods of cervical facet fractures was performed. Reduction and stabilization treatments were compared, and analysis of postoperative outcomes was performed. MEDLINE and Scopus databases were used. This work was supported through support received from the Association for Collaborative Spine Research and AOSpine North America.

RESULTS

Eleven studies with 368 patients met the inclusion criteria. Forty-six patients had bilateral isolated cervical facet fractures and 322 had unilateral isolated cervical facet fractures. Closed reduction was successful in 56.4% (39 patients) and 63.8% (94 patients) of patients using a halo vest and Gardner-Wells tongs, respectively. Comparatively, open reduction was successful in 94.9% of patients (successful reduction of open to closed reduction OR 12.8 [95% CI 6.1–26.9], p < 0.0001); 183 patients underwent internal fixation, with an 87.2% success rate in maintaining anatomical alignment. When comparing the success of patients who underwent anterior versus posterior procedures, anterior approaches showed a 90.5% rate of maintenance of reduction, compared with a 75.6% rate for the posterior approach (anterior vs posterior OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.0–9.4], p = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

In comparison with nonoperative treatments, operative treatments provided a more successful outcome in terms of failure of treatment to maintain reduction for patients with cervical facet fractures. Operative treatment appears to provide superior results to the nonoperative treatments assessed.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for metastasis to the craniovertebral junction preserves spine stability and offers symptomatic relief
Authors: Azad Tej D. , Esparza Rogelio , Chaudhary Navjot , Chang Steven D.
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

Metastatic disease to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is rare but presents unique management challenges. To date, studies on using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for CVJ metastases have been limited to case reports and small case series. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the utility of SRS in the management of these secondary lesions.

METHODS

Clinical and radiological information from the charts of 25 patients with metastatic disease of the CVJ who were treated with SRS between 2005 and 2013 at the Stanford CyberKnife Center were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS

Seven male and 18 female patients with a median age of 58 years (range 34–94 years) were identified. The most common primary tumors were breast cancer (n = 5) and non-small cell lung cancer (n = 5), and the most frequent symptom was neck pain (n = 17). The average tumor volume treated was 15.9 cm3 (range 0.16–54.1 cm3), with a mean marginal radiation dose of 20.3 Gy (range 15–25.5 Gy). The median follow-up was 18 months (range 1–81 months), though 1 patient was lost to follow-up.

SRS provided radiographic tumor stability in over 80% of patients, offered pain alleviation in nearly two-thirds of patients, and produced no serious complications. Moreover, SRS preserved spinal stability in all but 1 patient, in whom pre-SRS stability was established. There was no evidence of radiation toxicity in the patient population. Median survival was 28 months (range 2–81 months), with survival of 13.3% at 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS

In the absence of unstable pathological fracture and spinal cord compression, metastatic tumors of the CVJ can be safely and effectively treated with SRS. This treatment option offers palliative pain relief and can halt tumor progression with only a low risk of complications or spinal instability.
Scholem, Derrida and the Literary Space
Authors: Ben-Naftali Michal
Published: October 2015

The essay examines Scholem's letter-confession on the Hebrew language addressed to Rosenzweig from two perspectives hitherto ignored in the ongoing interpretative consideration of this document: Scholem's repression of the literary space and his consequent exclusion of madness. The essay follows several threads in Derrida's own ‘internal’ reading of the letter, and leans on other Derridean writings such as The Monolingualism of the Other, Schibboleth: For Paul Celan and ‘Cogito and the History of Madness’ in order to suggest two distinct encounters between Derrida and Scholem: In the first encounter, Scholem reads Derrida and proves to be deconstructing his own notions of secular and profane Hebrew, while fighting in vain for his sanity by clinging to liturgical practices against the grain of an ongoing ‘actualization’, politicization or else fictionalization of the sacred language. In the second encounter, it is Derrida who reads Scholem. By transforming the particular conditions of possibility of Hebrew into general conditions of possibility of every language contaminated by a theological-political tension, Derrida contributes some important insights for contemporary Hebrew speakers.
Modeling the Growth of Lactococcus lactis NCIM 2114 under Differently Aerated and Agitated Conditions in Broth Medium
Authors: Singh Sunita , Singh Kamalesh , Mandjiny Siva , Holmes Leonard
Published: October 2015

The study of growth of Lactococcus lactis NCIM 2114, a nisin producer, was modeled using continuously generated concentration data for growth in fermenter. The sigmoidal growth functions, Logistic, Gompertz, and Richards were used to fit the data. A nonlinear regression method was used to fit the data and estimate growth parameter values of L. lactis, using Marquardt algorithm with Statistical Software SPSS, version 20. Bacterial growth data from the exponential phase of the bacteria’s growth was analyzed. An F test showed that the Gompertz and Logistic functions were acceptable 92% and 67% of times respectively in the batch fermenter runs where this particular application was used to derive the lag time, growth rates, and time to maximum growth rates of L. lactis. The maximal specific growth rate ranged between 0.23 h−1 to 0.30 h−1 and the lag time lasted up to a maximum of 1.63 h depending upon aeration conditions provided to the organism. This study will help to estimate specific growth rates and lag time of L. lactis under different growth conditions. Predicted values can be accurately determined.
Rank‐based characterization of pollen assemblages collected by honey bees using a multi‐locus metabarcoding approach
Authors: Richardson Rodney T. , Lin Chia‐Hua , Quijia Juan O. , Riusech Natalia S. , Goodell Karen , Johnson Reed M.
Published: October 2015

Premise of the study:

Difficulties inherent in microscopic pollen identification have resulted in limited implementation for large‐scale studies. Metabarcoding, a relatively novel approach, could make pollen analysis less onerous; however, improved understanding of the quantitative capacity of various plant metabarcode regions and primer sets is needed to ensure that such applications are accurate and precise.

Methods and Results:

We applied metabarcoding, targeting the ITS2, matK, and rbcL loci, to characterize six samples of pollen collected by honey bees, Apis mellifera. Additionally, samples were analyzed by light microscopy. We found significant rank‐based associations between the relative abundance of pollen types within our samples as inferred by the two methods.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest metabarcoding data from plastid loci, as opposed to the ribosomal locus, are more reliable for quantitative characterization of pollen assemblages. Furthermore, multilocus metabarcoding of pollen may be more reliable than single‐locus analyses, underscoring the need for discovering novel barcodes and barcode combinations optimized for molecular palynology.
Controlled switching of single-molecule junctions by mechanical motion of a phenyl ring
Authors: Kitaguchi Yuya , Habuka Satoru , Okuyama Hiroshi , Hatta Shinichiro , Aruga Tetsuya , Frederiksen Thomas , Paulsson Magnus , Ueba Hiromu
Published: October 2015

Mechanical methods for single-molecule control have potential for wide application in nanodevices and machines. Here we demonstrate the operation of a single-molecule switch made functional by the motion of a phenyl ring, analogous to the lever in a conventional toggle switch. The switch can be actuated by dual triggers, either by a voltage pulse or by displacement of the electrode, and electronic manipulation of the ring by chemical substitution enables rational control of the on-state conductance. Owing to its simple mechanics, structural robustness, and chemical accessibility, we propose that phenyl rings are promising components in mechanical molecular devices.
The marine sponge Agelas citrina as a source of the new pyrrole–imidazole alkaloids citrinamines A–D and N-methylagelongine
Authors: Cychon Christine , Lichte Ellen , Köck Matthias
Published: October 2015

The chemical investigation of the Caribbean sponge Agelas citrina revealed four new pyrrole–imidazole alkaloids (PIAs), the citrinamines A–D (1–4) and the bromopyrrole alkaloid N-methylagelongine (5). All citrinamines are dimers of hymenidin (6) which was also isolated from this sponge as the major metabolite. Citrinamines A (1) and B (2) are derivatives of the PIA dimer mauritiamine (7), whereas citrinamine C (3) is derived from the PIA dimer nagelamide B (8). Citrinamine D (4) shows an uncommon linkage between the imidazole rings of both monomeric units as it is only observed in the benzocyclobutane ring moiety of benzosceptrins A–C (9–11). Compound 5 is the N-methyl derivative of agelongine (12) which consist of a pyridinium ring and an ester linkage instead of the aminoimidazole moiety and the common amide bond in PIAs.