bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redescription of Neotyphloceras chilensis Jordan, new status (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae: Neotyphloceratini)
Authors: SANCHEZ JULIANA , AMOR VERÓNICA , BAZÁN-LEÓN ENRIQUE A. , VÁSQUEZ RODRIGO A. , LARESCHI MARCELA
Published: March 2024

Neotyphloceras crassispina chilensis Jordan is elevated to species status based on comparison of its morphology withother species and subspecies of the genus. Neotyphloceras chilensis is redescribed from specimens from Region IV of Coquimbo, Chile. A key for identification of species and subspecies of Neotyphloceras is provided.
The early life history of Chiromantes ortmanni (Crosnier, 1965) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae): morphology of larval and juvenile stages
Authors: GUERAO GUILLERMO , ANGER KLAUS , SIMONI RICCARDO , CANNICCI STEFANO
Published: March 2024

The early life history of the sesarmid crab Chiromantes ortmanni (Crosnier, 1965) was studied at constant laboratoryconditions, and the complete larval and early juvenile development are described. Chiromantes ortmanni showsintraspecific variability in the pattern of larval development, which typically includes 5 or, less frequently, 6 zoeal stagespreceding the megalopa. The regular pathway (with 5 zoeal stages) required ca 18–20 days. During this time span, zoealsize (carapace length) increased by a factor of 2.2 from 0.33 to 0.73 mm, while biomass (measured as zoeal dry mass andcontents of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen) showed an 8-fold increment. The megalopa moulted after 10–12 days to thefirst juvenile crab stage, the total larval development from hatching to metamorphosis taking approximately one month(or ca. 4 days longer in larvae passing through an additional zoeal stage). First egg-laying was observed 8.5 months later,at a female carapace width of 14.4 mm. After an embryonic development time of 26–27 days, a total of 3,470 larvaehatched during two subsequent nights. Hence, the minimum generation time (from hatching to first offspring release)comprised slightly more than 10 months. Unlike the regular zoeal stages, the supernumerary stage VI showed atypicalcharacters for Sesarmidae larvae, especially in the setation pattern of the first maxilliped and the segmentation of theendopod of the second maxilliped. Some characteristics presented an intermediate morphology between that of the zoeaV and the megalopa. The first juvenile stage (crab I) is described in detail, while only the most relevant morphologicalchanges and sexual differentiation are highlighted for subsequent crab stages (II–IX). Males and females can bedistinguished from instar V onward, based on sexual dimorphism in the pleopods and the presence of gonopores in thefemales. The morphological characters of all larval stages and of the first juvenile crab are compared with those of other Chiromantes spp.
Detection of cryptic taxa in Leptobrachium nigrops (Amphibia, Anura, Megophryidae), with description of two new species
Authors: HAMIDY AMIR , MATSUI MASAFUMI , NISHIKAWA KANTO , BELABUT DAICUS M.
Published: March 2024

We evaluated taxonomic relationships among allopatric populations of Leptobrachium nigrops Berry & Hendrickson fromMalay Peninsula, Singapore, Indonesia (Belitung), and Borneo (Sarawak). Phylogenetic relationships estimated from thesequence data of mitochondrial 12S RNA, tRNAval , and 16S rRNA genes, and nuclear NCX1 and SLC8A genes revealedpresence of three distinct clades within L. nigrops: (1) true L. nigrops clade from Singapore and Malay Peninsula, (2) cladefrom Belitung, Indonesia and coastal area of Sarawak, Borneo, and (3) clade from Kanowit, Sarawak, an inland area ofBorneo. Each of these three genetic clades is considered to represent distinct species because they are genetically highlydivergent and morphologically distinguishable. We therefore describe the populations from Belitung and coastal area ofSarawak as L. ingeri sp. nov and the population from the inland area of Sarawak as L. kanowitense sp. nov. Ancestral L.kanowitense seems to have invaded Borneo Island much earlier than ancestral L. ingeri, whose dispersion occurred during the Pleistocene glacial periods.
Checklist and distribution atlas of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Costa Rica
Authors: SOLÍS ÁNGEL , KOHLMANN BERT
Published: March 2024

The 182 species of Scarabaeinae known to occur in Costa Rica are listed with synonymies included. We place Uroxys mac-rocularis Howden & Young as a synonym of U. boneti Pereira & Halffter (new synonym); we also place Uroxys depres-sifrons Howden & Young as a synonym of U. pauliani Balthasar (new synonym). We conducted a mitochondrial DNAcytochrome oxidase I barcoding analysis in order to clarify some taxonomic uncertainties with Phanaeus pyrois Bates andSulcophanaeus noctis (Bates). We elevate Phanaeus pyrois malyi Arnaud to Phanaeus malyi and revalidate Phanaeus ex-celsus Bates as valid species. We consider the species Dichotomius nevermanni Luederwaldt as incertae sedis. A CostaRican distribution map is provided for all species except Dichotomius costaricensis, which is only known from a countryrecord. We report, map, and estimate the spread of the invasive species Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche) for Central America, from Chiapas to Costa Rica.
The larva and life history of Stenophylax nycterobius (McLachlan, 1875) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in high mountain streams (Sierra Nevada, Spain) and key to the Iberian larvae of the genus
Authors: SÁINZ-BARIÁIN MARTA , ZAMORA-MUÑOZ CARMEN
Published: March 2024

The larva and pupa of Stenophylax nycterobius (McLachlan, 1875) were briefly, although insufficiently, described by Lepneva (1966). Here, the larva is fully described and figured. Its most important diagnostic features to distinguish it from other species are illustrated. A key is presented for the identification of the known Stenophylax larvae of the Iberian Peninsula. Descriptions of its habitat, life cycle and its particular life history in high mountain streams from the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula (Sierra Nevada) are included.
New and lesser known species of Chrysopetalidae, Phyllodocidae and Syllidae from south California (Phyllodocida, Aciculata, Annelida)
Authors: PLEIJEL FREDRIK , AGUADO MARIA TERESA , ROUSE GREG W.
Published: March 2024

Two species are described from shallow waters in La Jolla in southern California, the chrysopetalid Dysponetus popu-lonectens, new species, and the phyllodocid Pterocirrus burtoni, new species. The syllid Brachysyllis lagunae (Hartman,1961), new combination (previously in Dioplosyllis), and the phyllodocids Eulalia aviculiseta Hartman, 1936, Eulaliagracilior (Chamberlin, 1919), new combination (previously in Steggoa), Pterocirrus montereyensis (Hartman, 1936), andEumida longicornuta (Moore, 1906) are redescribed from types and newly collected specimens. Sige californiensis Chamberlin, 1919 is treated as a nomen dubium. COI sequences are provided for all included species.
Two interstitial species of the genus Semicytherura (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Japan, with notes on their microhabitats
Authors: YAMADA SHINNOSUKE , TANAKA HAYATO
Published: March 2024

A new interstitial ostracod, Semicytherura uzushio sp. nov., is described from the southwest of Japan, and the details of the carapace characters of Semicytherura mukaishimensis Okubo, 1980 are redescribed. Semicytherura uzushio and S. mukaishimensis live interstitially in the intertidal and infralittoral zones, respectively. They have the smallest carapaces among the known Semicytherura species, comparable to those of other interstitial ostracods. It is thought that most of the small species belonging to this genus have an interstitial life style in marine sediments.
New species of Stenodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Sharqiyah Sands in northeastern Oman
Authors: METALLINOU MARGARITA , CARRANZA SALVADOR
Published: March 2024

A new species of gecko of the genus Stenodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) is described from the dune desert of Al Sharqiyah Sands in northeastern Oman. Stenodactylus sharqiyahensis sp. nov. is characterized morphologically by its small size, snout shape, webbing between fingers not very extended, relatively short limbs, and scalation. It is genetically distinct in the mitochondrial DNA and the nuclear MC1R gene from Stenodactylus arabicus to which it has previously been referred. The new species seems to have a restricted distribution confined to the Sharqiyah Sands, which remain isolated from other sand deserts in Arabia. In addition, the data presented herein confirm new locality records for Stenodactylus arabicus in the easternmost limit of its distribution range in western central Oman.
Description of the larva of Argia chelata Calvert, 1902 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: NOVELO-GUTIÉRREZ RODOLFO
Published: March 2024

The larva of Argia chelata is described and figured. It falls into the group of Argia larvae with a moderately prominent ligula and two palpal seta, but it differs from its closest relatives by having labial palp with 2 setae plus one basal setella; the length of the ligula is 30% of its maximum width; basal tergites (1–5) lacking long, fine setae, mainly on midline; S8–10 mostly dark brown; paraprocts with spiniform setae on basal 0.25 and 0.55 of dorsal and ventral borders, respectively. Larvae were found in 2nd to 4th order shallow streams in cloud forest, crawling among debris, fine sand and mud where the water flow is slow or still, close to the shoreline. The larva is compared with A. lacrimans (Hagen), A. pima Garrison, and A. tonto Calvert, species apparently closely related.
Faith in citation
Authors: Klassen Pamela E.
Published: March 2024

A citation may be a gift or a curse, a clue or an erasure, a mode of argument or a piece of evidence. Or it might be all of these things, depending on who is writing and reading it. This essay engages with the varying ways that the articles in this special issue draw attention to the relational dynamics of citation – conversational, generous, aggressive, predatory or exclusionary – as the authors have experienced and analysed them within the study of religion and, more specifically, the anthropology of religion. Three primary questions are focused on: (1) how the form and mediation of a citation – for example, citing a book one read in a bricks-and-mortar library or online through an open-access pdf – change its purpose and possibility; (2) how different kinds of sources shape what citational practices are possible, with a comparative focus on norms of citation within anthropology and history; and (3) the liminality of religious studies as a field that is at once promiscuous and open-minded in its practices of citation. Across these questions, the author hopes to show that she has faith in citation as a necessary and adaptable tool in the ongoing work of scholarly creativity and critique.
Reconceptualizing transnational knowledge transfer in mental health services: Reflection upon the postcolonial era
Authors: Zhao Kedi , Wilson Ruth , Tan Weijia , Kong Xiaoxue , Tsang A. Ka Tat
Published: March 2024

Knowledge transfer in global mental health services has long been depicted from Western perspectives. This article destabilizes this discourse through a conceptual model that integrates the top-down approach (macro postcolonial context, meso transnational knowledge transfer and micro mental health programmes) and the bottom-up approach (the roles of transcreation in reconfiguring micro mental health intervention, meso mental health services integration and macro policy advocacy and reform). This article raises social workers’ awareness of ongoing development of mental health services from a decolonizing perspective, and guides social work research and practice to continue the decolonization of global mental health services.
Time-dependent damage development during creep in carbon woven-ply polyphenylene sulfide laminates above the glass transition temperature
Authors: Bouscarrat David , Levesque Martin , Vieille Benoit
Published: March 2024

In order to understand the coupling between time-dependent behaviours (viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity) and damage mechanisms within carbon woven-ply polyphenylene sulfide (C/PPS) thermoplastic composites subjected to creep loadings at T > Tg (Glass transition temperature), it is necessary to develop experimental protocols adapted to high temperature conditions. To this aim, the present study combines different complementary techniques (acoustic emission, edge replication, fractographic analysis, tomography) allowing in-situ analyses of the damage mechanisms that coexist and interact during the different phases of creep-type loadings. These techniques provide information to quantify and dissociate the different material behaviours (viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, damage). Two main damage mechanisms are identified: intra-bundle cracking and inter-bundle cracking leading to extensive meta-delamination. Image analyses based on morphological operations allow the evaluation of the surface cracking density (intra- and inter-strand) from edge replicas. At macroscopic scale, the thermo-mechanical response is little influenced by the viscous behaviour of angle-ply C/PSS laminates though their thermo-mechanical behaviour is mainly driven by the PPS matrix. At micro and mesoscopic scales, the results clearly show the onset and propagation of time-dependent damage in C/PPS specimens. By implementing this protocol, the acoustic emission monitoring associated with the quantification of the cracking density proved to be relevant and complementary to study the coupling between viscous effects and damage within C/PPS laminates subjected to high temperature loading.
Old cities, ‘new’ agendas: Swedish cities across time
Authors: Thurston TL , Pettersson Claes B
Published: March 2024

In its 2017 New Urban Agenda, the United Nations lists almost 200 declarations and implementation plans for creating sustainable and equitable cities, towns and settlements, yet the word ‘history’ is mentioned only once – to describe our own times as a critical juncture – a somewhat detached approach to problems with great time depth. Historical archaeology provides a unique toolbox for understanding urban through-lines, scientifically and theoretically. Case studies of Swedish cities, some many centuries old, describe the processes through which they were founded, transformed through time, and emerged differently in new contexts. Today, some have emerged as places not unlike the aspirational declarations of the New Urban Agenda. Yet most of these cities have few roots in equity and sustainability. Many systematically promoted less equality, even abject misery, focusing on the relatively short-term harvest of regional and local resources and labour, or for border security, population domination, and state and elite control. Many were ‘reinvented’ over the centuries – adjusting to new iterations of the same founding principles. Using select historical and modern case studies, we trace how relationships between various classes of hinterland and urban dwellers, influencers, and government officials struggled through time over the meaning and quality of urban life.
The limits to the urban within multi-scalar energy transitions: Agency, infrastructure and ownership in the UK and Germany
Authors: Traill Helen , Cumbers Andrew
Published: March 2024

This article critically interrogates the over-emphasis upon urban solutions when considering complex and multi-scalar energy infrastructures that must transition to low-carbon intensity for a sustainable future. While urban actors can play an important role in energy transition, their interventions are riven with difficulties, and at times failure, as they encounter challenges of politics, capacity and agency in a broader and multi-scalar governance landscape. Drawing upon the comparative and variegated political economies of energy infrastructure governance in Germany and the UK, this article makes three critical arguments. Firstly, it contends that patterns of ownership of key infrastructures, particularly in the highly privatised context of the UK but also in Germany’s more diversified energy market, trouble urban-level interventions. Secondly, against a backdrop of post-financial crash austerity, we raise the issue of capacity at an urban level, principally concerning the financing and technical administration of urban infrastructural ‘solutions’. Thirdly, the entrenched politics of neoliberalisation, its multi-scalar articulations and in particular discourses of marketisation and competition, while distinct across the two contexts, shape the possibilities, imaginaries and support available for local-level change in complex infrastructures. The article points to differential urban capacities and governance conditions that require a greater degree of nuance in sustainability narratives, and a critical conversation around the need for multi-scalar coordination in energy transitions, in order to avert catastrophic climate breakdown.
Flap blood glucose measurement for flap monitoring and early detection of circulatory problems
Authors: Anwar Mohammed H , Dwivedi Rishabh , Singh Bhupendra , Agarwal Vrinda , Agarwal Pawan , Sharma Dhananjaya
Published: March 2024

Postoperative monitoring of skin flaps is subjective and cannot detect early circulatory problems in the flap. Early detection and rapid remedial re-exploration are important for flap salvage. We evaluated flap glucose measurement to monitor the flaps for early detection of circulatory problems. In total, 30 patients underwent cutaneous flap reconstruction. This is an easy, economic, objective, and reliable method for flap monitoring and can detect early venous congestion requiring remedial measures.
A systematic review of the benefits and mechanisms of family-based mind-body therapy programs targeting families of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Fang Yuan , Liu Jing , Zhang Borui , Lau Man , Ho Ying Fung , Yang Yaxi , Shi Yan , Poon Eric Tsz Chun , Tse Andy Choi Yeung , Sun Fenghua
Published: March 2024

Growing evidence indicates that family-based mind-body therapy programs (FMBTs) act as an important alternative for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment in the youth with minimal side-effects. Moreover, FMBTs contribute to improving the family functioning of those affected by ADHD. To summarize and analyze the benefits and mechanisms, an extensive literature search of the EBSCOhost, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted to identify eligible studies. Fifteen studies published between 2010–2023 were reviewed. The included FMBTs were implemented with 850 children/adolescents and 996 parents/caregivers, of whom 201 parent couples attended the programs together with their children. All included FMBTs adopted mindfulness/meditation as the core practice to enhance the participants’ mental focus and attention, and were designed for long-term engagement, with six including parent–child joint session(s). Positive changes were observed in both children and adolescents, including improvements in ADHD symptoms, behavioral problems, executive function, and school performance. Additionally, parents experienced positive changes in ADHD traits/symptoms, mental health, and parenting behaviors. Furthermore, FMBTs were found to enhance family functioning by delivering mindful strategies to family, restoring psychological capacity and interpersonal skills in family members, and improving parent–child relationships. The reviewed FMBTs demonstrated high levels of feasibility and participant satisfaction. The factors and issues potentially influencing the effectiveness and feasibility of FMBTs are also discussed. The findings indicate that FMBT holds promise as an ADHD treatment option in home settings. Future efforts may focus on optimizing the design of FMBTs to better address the diverse needs of families in varying circumstances.
Effects of yttrium on microstructures and properties of Cu45.12Zr45.12Al5.76Nb4 bulk metallic glass composites
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Zhang Aisheng
Published: March 2024

The effects of yttrium on the microstructures and properties of Cu45.12Zr45.12Al5.76Nb4 bulk metallic glass composites were investigated. It was found that yttrium addition could effectively control the distribution and volume fraction of B2-CuZr precipitated phase in the composites by adjusting the glass-forming ability of the alloys, and suppress the eutectoid decomposition of B2-CuZr.Within 2 at.% yttrium addition, the volume fraction of B2-CuZr precipitation in the glassy matrix decreases significantly with the increase of yttrium content. For more than 2 at.% yttrium addition, the volume fraction of B2-CuZr precipitation increases as yttrium content increases. An optimal amount of yttrium (2–3 at.%) enhances glass-forming ability of the alloy, reduces B2-CuZr precipitation, and obviously improves the agglomeration and distribution uniformity of B2-CuZr in the amorphous matrix. The compressive properties of BMG composites with more than 1 at.% yttrium addition drop considerably, which should be mainly attributed to the abundant and various forms of Y2O3 brittle phase formed in the glassy matrix.
A novel approach to retrograde autologous priming for infant, pediatric and adult populations undergoing congenital heart surgery
Authors: Deptula Joseph , Olshove Vincent , Oldeen Molly , Kozik Deborah , Alsoufi Bahaaldin
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Retrograde Autologous Priming (RAP) of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuits is an effective way to reduce prime volume, commonly through the transfer of prime into separate reservoirs or circuit manipulation. We describe a simple and safe technique for RAP without the need for any circuit modifications or manipulations.

Methods

For this technique, a separate roller pump for ultrafiltration (UF) is used. After adequate heparinization and arterial cannulation, the UF pump is initiated slowly, removing prime through the effluent of the UF, replacing with the patient’s blood from the aortic cannula. Once the arterial line and UF circuit are autologous primed, the arterial head displaces reservoir crystalloid toward the UF circuit at a flow rate equal to the UF pump, displacing the crystalloid prime with blood from the UF circuit, autologous priming the boot and oxygenator with blood, crystalloid again being removed by the effluent. After venous cannulation, the venous line prime is replaced with autologous blood, the crystalloid removed by the effluent of the UF circuit via the arterial head. During RAP, if the patient becomes hypovolemic, either autologous volume is transfused back to the patient, or CPB is initiated, without the need for circuitry modifications.

Results

The patient population in this sample consisted of 63 patients ranging between 6.1 kg and 115.6 kg. The smaller the patient, the less blood volume available for RAP and therefore the less prime volume able to be removed. Overall percent removal increases as our patients size increases compared to total circuit volume.

Conclusion

This RAP technique is a safe and effective way to achieve a standardized asanguinous prime for many regardless of patient or circuit size in the absence of contraindications such as low starting hematocrit, emergency surgery or physiologic instability. Most importantly, this potentially reduces the amount of hemodilution patients see from CPB initiation and therefore the lowest nadir hematocrit and consequently the amount of required homologous blood products needed during surgery.
Proportion of Antipsychotics with CYP2D6 Pharmacogenetic (PGx) Associations Prescribed in an Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jameson Adam , Faisal Muhammad , Fylan Beth , Bristow Greg C , Sohal Jaspreet , Dalton Caroline , Sagoo Gurdeep S , Cardno Alastair G , McLean Samantha L
Published: March 2024

Background:

Prescribing drugs for psychosis (antipsychotics) is challenging due to high rates of poor treatment outcomes, which are in part explained by an individual’s genetics. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing can help clinicians tailor the choice or dose of psychosis drugs to an individual’s genetics, particularly psychosis drugs with known variable response due to CYP2D6 gene variants (‘CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotics’).

Aims:

This study aims to investigate differences between demographic groups prescribed ‘CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotics’ and estimate the proportion of patients eligible for PGx testing based on current pharmacogenomics guidance.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study took place extracting data from 243 patients’ medical records to explore psychosis drug prescribing, including drug transitions. Demographic data such as age, sex, ethnicity, and clinical sub-team were collected and summarised. Descriptive statistics explored the proportion of ‘CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotic’ prescribing and the nature of transitions. We used logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between demographic variables and prescription of ‘CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotic’ versus ‘non-CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotic’.

Results:

Two-thirds (164) of patients had been prescribed a ‘CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotic’ (aripiprazole, risperidone, haloperidol or zuclopenthixol). Over a fifth (23%) of patients would have met the suggested criteria for PGx testing, following two psychosis drug trials. There were no statistically significant differences between age, sex, or ethnicity in the likelihood of being prescribed a ‘CYP2D6-PGx antipsychotic’.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated high rates of prescribing ‘CYP2D6-PGx-antipsychotics’ in an EIP cohort, providing a rationale for further exploration of how PGx testing can be implemented in EIP services to personalise the prescribing of drugs for psychosis.
An Exploration of the Environmental Setting Mothers and Early Adolescent Youth Prefer to Have Conversations About Daily Stressors
Authors: Izenstark Dina , Bang Janet Y. , Tu Kelly M. , Maynard Natalee
Published: March 2024

Parent-child conversations are impacted by environmental setting. Yet, few studies have considered where mothers and early adolescent youth prefer to have conversations about daily stressors. This study examines where mothers and youth prefer to have conversations about daily stressors, differences in preference based on demographic variables, and why certain environmental settings are preferred. One hundred youth ( M = 11.04, 53% boys) and their mothers participated in semi-structured interviews. Findings showed that youth preferred to communicate in their bedroom, the kitchen, and the living room, whereas mothers preferred the kitchen, their child’s bedroom, and the car. Using thematic analysis, we found that participants preferred communicating in physically and psychologically comfortable environments, private locations that were away from others, and that they relied on bedtime and mealtime routines to engage in regular conversations. Findings suggest that the place mothers and youth converse matters and may meaningfully impact parent-child conversations about daily stressors.
Novel percutaneous technique for creation of porcine model of tricuspid regurgitation via two routes
Authors: Oh Ji Soo , Kim Ga Yun , Kim Seok Hyun , Lee Sang Hyun , Park Yong Hyun , Kim June Hong , Chon Min Ku
Published: March 2024

Objective

To develop an experimental porcine model of tricuspid regurgitation using two induction routes: the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.

Methods

Tricuspid regurgitation was generated using the loop wire cutting method. The tricuspid regurgitation jet direction was controlled by accessing the valve through the inferior (n = 7) or superior (n = 6) vena cava. The occurrence, direction, and progression of tricuspid regurgitation were assessed postoperatively, and echocardiography was performed at 4 to 6 weeks. Right heart dilatation was assessed using computed tomography after 6 weeks.

Results

Moderate to severe or torrential tricuspid regurgitation occurred immediately after the procedure in 12 of 13 animals. The jet was directed toward the septum in five of seven animals in the inferior vena cava group and toward the posterolateral side in four of six animals in the superior vena cava group. The dimensions of the right heart (right atrium, ventricle, and tricuspid valve annulus) were significantly enlarged at the 4- to 6-week follow-up echocardiographic examination and confirmed to be enlarged by computed tomography, independent of the route used.

Conclusion

The loop wire cutting method successfully induced a disease model of tricuspid regurgitation while controlling the regurgitation jet direction via two procedural routes.
Case report of parapneumonic effusion and mesothelial subdiaphragmatic cyst: relationship or coincidence?
Authors: Hammoud Mohamad , Ammoury Carl , Iskandar Charbel , Aoun Eliane , Eid Reem , Sayad Edouard
Published: March 2024

Parapneumonic pleural effusions are common in patients with pneumonia. When colonized by pathogenic bacteria or other microorganisms, these effusions can progress to empyema. Additionally, empyema formation may result in extension of the infection into the infradiaphragmatic region, further complicating the clinical scenario. Many subphrenic collections are found to be mesothelial cysts, which are congenital in origin. However, data regarding the potential association between mesothelial diaphragmatic cysts and parapneumonic effusions are limited. We herein describe a toddler with pneumonia complicated by parapneumonic effusion and a lung abscess with a subphrenic collection. After abscess drainage and a full course of antibiotics, imaging revealed clear lung parenchyma with an interval resolution of the effusion and a persistent unchanged subphrenic collection that was confirmed to be mesothelial diaphragmatic cyst. This case highlights the fact that not every subphrenic collection associated with parapneumonic effusion is a communicated collection formed by seeding. Such a collection can instead be an incidental cyst, which is congenital in origin and known as a mesothelial diaphragmatic cyst. A diaphragmatic mesothelial cyst is an uncommon benign congenital cyst that is unrelated to an adjacent parapneumonic effusion. It is usually incidental and can be monitored without invasive intervention.
Degree of awareness and practices on urinary tract infections: A study of Sri Lankan school teachers selected from a chronic kidney disease high-prevalent setting
Authors: Safwan Mohomed , Dias Bhavantha , Dilhari Ayomi
Published: March 2024

Objective:

As key stakeholders in educational settings, teachers’ awareness on Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) will ultimately enhance its management in schools and community. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on UTIs among teachers in Sri Lanka.

Materials and methods:

Conveniently selected 373 school teachers were assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Each of the individual was scored and categorized as either satisfactory or poor. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed to describe the outcomes.

Results:

Around 80% of respondents demonstrated awareness regarding the microbial origin of UTIs, while 42% possessed knowledge of women’s increased susceptibility to UTIs. Over 90% of participants had favorable attitudes toward drinking adequate amounts of water, personal hygiene, and consulting doctors for UTI symptoms. Each inquiry demonstrated significant disparities between individuals with satisfactory and poor attitudes ( p = 0.000), with over 95% adhered to effective hygiene practices as a preventive measure against UTIs. The demographics of the participants did not show any significance over the KAP results of the study ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The study revealed satisfactory levels of awareness and favorable attitudes among respondents on UTIs. However, there is a further need for increased awareness, specifically regarding the risk factors associated with UTIs.
Understanding the Perceptions of School Engagement of Parents of Students With Autism
Authors: Goldman Samantha E. , Mello Maria P.
Published: March 2024

Family–school engagement is integral to the success of students with autism. However, limited research has examined the conceptualization of family–school engagement from the perspective of parents of children with autism. With this in mind, we conducted focus groups with 22 parents of school-age children (ages 3–21) with autism. Using qualitative analysis, the authors identified seven types of engagement, each of which requires specific supports and has different barriers that may limit their use. These included: (a) collaborative partnership, (b) home-school communication, (c) advocacy, (d) school-based participation, (e) home-based participation, (f) service coordination, and (g) classroom observation. Adding two novel types of family engagement to the existing literature, findings contribute to a conceptualization of school engagement that incorporates the preferences and experiences of diverse parents of children with autism. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Diterpenoids from Scutellaria barbata D. Don Exert the Antiproliferative Effect on Colorectal Cancer Cells Via Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Tao Zhongyi , Tu Linglan , Huang Wenkang , Ye Yiping , Gao Lijuan , Li Xiaoyu
Published: March 2024

Background

Scutellaria barbata D. Don, also known as “Banzhilian” in China, the diterpenes of Banzhilian (Bzl-D) is a commonly used herbal medicine for treating various tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC).

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the function of Bzl-D in inhibiting CRC development and explore its potential targets and mechanisms involving the Hedgehog (HH) pathway.

Materials and Methods

To determine the major components in Bzl-D, we performed ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-qTOF-MS) analysis. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis abilities of the CRC HT-29 cell line were examined, and the related protein expression was tested. Tumorigenesis after treatment was detected by in vivo experiments.

Results

Nineteen diterpenoids were detected, Bzl-D significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and metastasis and induced the apoptosis of HT-29 cells through binding to Sonic HH (SHH) and down-regulating the key proteins (SHH, patched, smoothened, and glioma-associated oncogene) of the HH pathway, thus. Of note, Bzl-D remarkably suppressed the growth of HT-29 xenografts in nude mice.

Conclusion

This research demonstrates that Bzl-D is a promising anti-rectal cancer drug, providing a new entry point for targeted therapy of CRC.
“Switching Hats”: Insights From Experienced Clinical Interviewers Turned Novice Research Interviewers
Authors: Dhas Brightlin N. , Fox Jackie , Bright Benshamir , El Haj Dina B. , James Abraham P. , Bu Hazaa Hussain A. H. J. , Al Abdulla Sultan S. H.
Published: March 2024

Health professionals/clinicians interview people regularly as part of their role. However, a qualitative research interview differs considerably to a clinical interview. If clinicians approach qualitative research interviewing based on their expertise in clinical interviewing, it could cause insufficiencies in qualitative data generation. In this reflection article, we, a team of four experienced clinical occupational therapists with no previous experience in qualitative research interviewing, share our experiences while learning to become qualitative research interviewers before undertaking our first qualitative research project. We engaged in self-directed reading, formal training on qualitative interviewing, and practice interviews and used peer feedback and reflection to prepare ourselves to conduct qualitative interviews. We drew upon the work-role transitions theory to work through our adjustment to the new role. Although we set out to “switch hats” as the research topic itself was not clinical, interviewing people on health-related topics will mean bringing our clinical instincts into our research role, while still recognizing the difference between a clinical and research interview. This article can inform experienced clinicians/novice qualitative researchers as they develop this new skillset.
Tele-Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From Early Intervention Practitioners
Authors: Childress Dana C. , Schumaker-Murphy Megan
Published: March 2024

During the COVID-19 global pandemic, early intervention (EI) practitioners experienced an unexpected shift to providing tele-intervention services to support children and families using virtual platforms. Because this shift occurred across the field, it is important to understand the perspectives of those who experienced it under exceptional circumstances. This study examined the perspectives of 353 practitioners across the United States who supported families of infants and toddlers enrolled in EI programs under Part C of IDEA (2004) while providing tele-intervention during the pandemic. A qualitative thematic analysis of survey responses revealed five themes: (a) shifting to tele-intervention was challenging; (b) the shift to tele-intervention was perceived as having a mostly positive impact on service quality; (c) practitioners gained new skills, often related to parent coaching; (d) parent engagement increased during tele-intervention; and (e) practitioners support the continued use of tele-intervention as an EI service delivery option.
In Vitro and In Vivo Testing of Microbe Growth on Antimicrobial Nursing Scrubs
Authors: Thornburg Jennifer A. , Nguy Phong , Mortland Katelyn M. , Mortland Karen M. , Sloup Rudolph E. , Naylor Brenda K. , Topp Robert V. , Matson Jyl S. , Bigioni Terry P.
Published: March 2024

Around 5% to 10% of hospitalized patients develop a hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Scrubs are a potential vector of HAIs. To compare the antimicrobial characteristics of scrubs with and without an antimicrobial fabric coating, as tested in the laboratory (in vitro) and hospital (in vivo) environments. Two protocols were conducted to address the purpose. The in vitro protocol was a laboratory study that involved observing the microbe growth after inoculating coated and uncoated scrub fabric swatches with S. aureus and then processing them in moist and dry environments. The in vivo protocol was a clinical trial that measured microbe growth on coated and uncoated scrubs prior to and following nursing staff completing a 12-hr shift on an acute care unit, as measured by colony forming units (CFUs). For high-humidity environments, the in vitro study indicated that swatches treated with an antimicrobial coating exhibited minimal microbe growth, while untreated swatches exhibited significant microbe growth. For low-humidity environments, coated and uncoated swatches were all found to exhibit minimal microbe growth. In the in vivo study, the CFUs increased on scrubs worn by nurses over a 12-hr shift with no significant difference in CFUs for coated and uncoated scrubs. For bacteria in a warm and moist environment, the antimicrobial coating was found to be important for inhibiting growth. For bacteria in a warm and dry environment, both coated and uncoated fabrics performed similarly as measured at 24 hr, with minimal bacterial growth observed. In a hospital environment, microbe growth was observed, but no significant difference was detected when comparing coated and uncoated scrubs. This may have been due to the short time between exposure and culturing the scrubs for analysis immediately at the end of the shift not allowing for enough time to kill or inhibit growth. Contact time between the bacteria and scrub fabric (coated or uncoated) in the in vivo study more directly correlated with the 0-hr observations for the in vitro study, suggesting that the ineffectiveness of the treated scrubs in the clinical results may be due in part to short residence times before collection.
Erythema Multiforme-Like Fixed Drug Eruption During Azathioprine and Hydroxychloroquine Treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Mimicking Rowell Syndrome: A Rare and Challenging Clinical Scenario
Authors: Shaker Nada , Sangueza Omar P. , Shaker Nuha , Arthur Megan , Pradhan Dinesh
Published: March 2024

Background. Fixed drug eruption and Rowell syndrome stand as intriguing entities with overlapping clinical and pathological features. Case Presentation. A 32-year-old female patient presented with a tender and pruritic rash on the left upper chest for 3 days. Clinical examination revealed a flaring rash on the chest, under her left eye, tongue, and lips. The patient had a significant past medical history of systemic lupus erythematous with positive (ANA, Sm, dsDNA, ribosomalP, RNP) antibodies, hypocomplementemia, inflammatory arthritis, discoid lupus, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and avascular necrosis affecting both hips and her right knee. At the time of presentation, the patient was on azathioprine 150 mg daily and hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily. Skin biopsy of the left upper chest revealed interface dermatitis with necrotic keratinocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction. Superficial and, in some areas, deep perivascular and peri adnexal lymphocytic infiltrates were observed, accompanied by eosinophils. CD123 staining highlighted 16% of the inflammatory cells. Direct Immunofluorescence for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and fibrinogen revealed positive linear basement membrane staining for IgG and fibrinogen, with no significant staining for the remaining immunoreactants. Considering the patient's history of medicine usage, and negative SS-A and SS-B antibody, a fixed drug eruption was favored. Discussion. This article discusses the clinical presentations, pathophysiological mechanisms, and diagnostic criteria for fixed drug eruption and Rowell syndrome. Conclusion. Awareness of the distinct clinical and histopathologic features of fixed drug eruption and Rowell syndrome, particularly when sharing cutaneous manifestations, underscores the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach and laboratory testing.
The relationship of the methylation status and polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) with attempted suicide or non-suicidal self-injury patients in schizophrenia
Authors: Oyaci Yasemin , Yildirim Yusuf Ezel , Aytac Hasan Mervan , Pehlivan Sacide , Aydin Pinar Cetinay
Published: March 2024

We aim to investigate the methylation of NR3C1 gene promotor and NR3C1 BclI polymorphism in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients with attempted suicide or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A sample of 112 patients with SCZ was included in the study. Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-Fourth Edition Axis I Disorders was used to confirm the diagnosis according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision criteria. The patients were evaluated by data forms that had sociodemographic, suicidal behavior, and NSSI information. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the methylation of the NR3C1 gene. The analysis of the BclI polymorphism of the NR3C1 gene was evaluated by using the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results revealed that although the NR3C1 gene methylation was not statistically significantly different, there was a significant difference in NR3C1 genotype distribution among the SCZ groups with and without attempted suicide. SCZ patients carrying the CC genotype had a lower risk of attempted suicide (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.421; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.183–0.970; p = 0.040), while having the GG genotype in SCZ patients was associated with a higher risk of attempted suicide (OR: 3.785; 95% Cl: 1.107–12.945; p = 0.042). Additionally, due to NSSI in SCZ patients, there were no significant differences in NR3C1 gene methylation and NR3C1 genotype distribution among the groups. We propose that the NR3C1 BclI polymorphism may be associated with attempted suicide in Turkish patients diagnosed with SCZ.
Conditions for modifying intraocular lenses as drug carriers for methotrexate using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)
Authors: Bill Clarissa , Kassumeh Stefan , Hilterhaus Christina , Tersi Natalie , Speidel Arne J , Ohlmann Andreas , Priglinger Siegfried , Priglinger Claudia , Wolf Armin , Wertheimer Christian M
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The intraocular lens (IOL) can be used as a slow-release drug carrier in cataract surgery to alleviate posterior capsular opacification (PCO). The following is a systematic development of an IOL using methotrexate and the solvent casting process with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as a carrier polymer.

Methods

Different solvents for PLGA and methotrexate were tested for dissolution properties and possible damage to the IOL. The required biological concentration of methotrexate was determined in human capsular bags implanted with an IOL. To detect fibrosis, α-SMA, f-actin, and fibronectin were labelled by immunofluorescence staining. Cell proliferation and extracellular matrix contraction were observed in a lens epithelial cell line (FHL-124). Finally, the IOL was designed, and an ocular pharmacokinetic model was used to measure drug release.

Results

Solvent mixtures were found to allow coating of the IOL with drug and PLGA without damaging it. PCO in the capsular bag model was inhibited above 1 μM methotrexate ( p = 0.02). Proliferation in FHL-124 was significantly reduced above a concentration of 10 nM ( p = 0.04) and matrix contraction at 100 nM ( p = 0.02). The release profile showed a steady state within therapeutic range.

Conclusion

After determination of the required physicochemical manufacturing conditions, a drug releasing IOL was designed. A favourable release profile in an ocular pharmacokinetics model could be shown.
Efficacy of Intralesional Candida Antigen Versus Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine Versus Topical Podophyllin in Treatment of Resistant Genital Warts
Authors: Zayan Hisham , Hosny Ahmed H. , Mamdouh Meriam M. , Tawfik Yasmin M.
Published: March 2024

Background:

No single treatment is ideal for genital warts with high rate of resistance using conventional modalities as topical podophyllin; however, several intralesional immunotherapies are being tested nowadays, with variable results. In this study, we compared the safety and efficacy of treating resistant and recurrent genital warts by 2 intralesional immunotherapies [ Candida antigen and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine] and compared them with topical podophyllin.

Patients/Methods:

A total of 45 patients with resistant or recurrent genital warts were enrolled in this study. Size and number of warts were detected in each patient, patients were divided into 3 groups. Group A injected with intralesional Candida antigen. Group B with intralesional MMR vaccine. Group C were treated with topical 25% podophyllin. Patients received a session every 2 weeks for 3 treatment sessions.

Results:

With regard to the reduction in size and number of all warts, the best response was obtained in Candida antigen group where 46.7% showed complete clearance and 40% showed partial response followed by MMR group and the last was the podophyllin group, with no significant difference between them. Complete clearance of mother warts was noticed in 86.7% of Candida group, 53.3% in MMR group, and last 40% in podophyllin group, with a significantly better response in the Candida group ( P = .027).

Conclusion:

Both intralesional Candida antigen and MMR vaccine are simple, safe, and effective treatment options with comparable results and better response than topical podophyllin.