bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urine manganese, cadmium, lead, arsenic, and selenium among autism spectrum disorder children in Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Rafi’i Muhammad Ridzwan , Ja’afar Mohd Hasni , Abd Wahil Mohd Shahrol , Md Hanif Shahrul Azhar
Published: July 2024

Background

The development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may stem from exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals. The primary objective of this study is to determine the role of heavy metals of concern such as manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and essential trace element selenium (Se) among ASD children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Method

A total of 155 preschoolers in Kuala Lumpur between the ages 3 to 6 participated in an unmatched case-control study, comprising ASD children (n = 81) recruited from an early intervention program for autism, and 74 children without autism who were recruited from public preschools. Urine samples were collected at home, delivered to the study site, and transported to the environmental lab within 24 hours. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to measure the concentration of heavy metals in the samples. Data were analysed using bivariate statistical tests (Chi-square and T-test) and logistic regression models.

Result

This study demonstrated that Cd, Pb, and As urine levels were significantly greater in children without autism relative to those affected with ASD (p < 0.05). No significant difference was in the levels of Se (p = 0.659) and Mn (p = 0.875) between children with ASD and the control group. The majority of children in both groups have urine As, Pb, and Cd values lower than 15.1 µg/dL, 1.0 µg/dL, and 1.0 µg/dL, respectively which are the minimal risk values for noncarcinogenic detrimental human health effect due to the heavy metal’s exposure . Factors associated with having an ASD child included being a firstborn, male, and higher parental education levels (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) > 1, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Preschoolers in this study demonstrated low levels of heavy metals in their urine samples, which was relatively lower in ASD children compared to the healthy matched controls. These findings may arise from the diminished capacity to excrete heavy metals, especially among ASD children, thereby causing further accumulation of heavy metals in the body. These findings, including the factors associated with having an ASD child, may be considered by healthcare professionals involved in child development care, for early ASD detection. Further assessment of heavy metals among ASD children in the country and interventional studies to develop effective methods of addressing exposure to heavy metals will be beneficial for future reference.
Estratégia para o desenvolvimento empresarial sustentável: diagnóstico empresarial em uma fazenda
Authors: Almeida Beatrice Cristina da Cunha de , Lemes Luciene Rose , Messias Larissa da Cunha , Messias Matheus Lyon da Cunha , Oliveira Ana Beatriz Santos de , Carrer Celso da Costa
Published: July 2024

Levando em consideração as mudanças ocorridas no mundo por conta do avanço da expansão do modo de produção capitalista e, consequentemente aumento da industrialização, se observa que as questões ambientais são debates recorrentes, visando produções sustentáveis, sistemas mais limpos, e com descarte consciente, bem como o reaproveitamento efetuado de forma correta. O presente estudo tem como objetivo elaborar um diagnóstico empresarial com foco no desenvolvimento sustentável para uma fazenda pública, apresentando a importância do desenvolvimento empresarial sustentável e descrevendosuas características. Como recurso metodológico o estudo foi baseadoem uma revisão de literatura, de caráter exploratório e cunho qualitativo, trazendo o contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável. Após, por meio de um estudo de casofoi realizado um diagnóstico tendo como foco a Fábrica de Ração da fazenda, utilizando-se de ferramentas como 5W2H e Matriz SWOT.Os resultados demonstraram que formas mais adequadas de produção atendemàs expectativas de qualidade em relação as rações, obtendo assim dietas padronizadas que acarretaram em uma melhor produção de leite, bem como maior ganho de peso para os animais.
Estudo do processo produtivo de uma unidade beneficiadora de grãos em Dourados – MS
Authors: Toda Liliana Tieri Kimura , Vergara Walter Roberto Hernández , Soares Carlos E Camparotti , Santos Vinícius Carrijo dos , Moraes Katherine Kaneda
Published: July 2024

Empresas que anseiam se manter competitivas no mercado devem buscar constantes melhorias em seus sistemas produtivos com a finalidade de aumentar a eficiência de suas operações. Tendo isso em mente, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver o mapeamento do processo produtivo e a análise do arranjo físico de uma unidade armazenadora de grãos de soja e milho, localizada na cidade de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul. A metodologia utilizada é de pesquisa exploratória e explicativa quanto a seu objetivo, estudo de caso quanto aos procedimentos e pesquisa bibliográfica, e qualiquantitativa quanto à abordagem do problema. A partir de observação in loco e coleta de dados sobre o processo foi possível mapear os macroprocessos de carregamento e recebimento de grãos de uma unidade de processamento e armazenagem de grãos. O mapeamento foi desenvolvido por meio do método Business Process Modeling Notation (BMPN), que é a notação adotada pelo software Bizagi Modeler. A partir da análise do processo atual, foi possível identificar dois grandes problemas enfrentados pela empresa, a primeira lacuna está relacionada ao tempo de deslocamento do operador durante o processo de classificação de grãos, e a segunda, à falta de clareza no fluxo. A aplicação das ferramentas de apoio, como o diagrama de causa e efeito para a identificação das causas raízes dos problemas e o 5W1H para elaboração de planos de ação a fim de mitigar as principais causas de problemas propiciaram a redução de desperdícios no processo analisado.
Pó de conchas de sururu (Mytella falcata) como corretivo de acidez do solo
Authors: Silva José Cícero Rodrigues da , Oliveira Vanuze Costa de , Melo Elânio Feitosa de , Teriet André Lucas Paez , Melo Junior João Luciano de Andrade , Mussahud Regla Toujaguez la Rosa , Grugiki Marilia Alves , Melo Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade
Published: July 2024

O sururu (Mytella falcata) é um molusco bivalve encontrado em toda costa brasileira que chegou a ocupar o segundo lugar como moluscos mais pescados no país. Para o estado de Alagoas, localizado no Nordeste do Brasil, o sururu tem imensa importância no âmbito socioeconômico e cultural, visto que tem sido uma das principais fontes de renda e de sobrevivência da população ribeirinha e lagunar. No entanto, mediante o descarte inadequado das suas conchas, o sururu (bastante apreciado na culinária alagoana) tem acarretado danos ambientais. Este resíduo apresenta em sua composição óxidos e carbonatos de magnésio e cálcio, elementos que compõem o calcário agrícola, um corretivo de acidez do solo. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do pó da concha do sururu em características químicas do solo. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em fatorial 5x2 (cinco doses de pó de casca de sururu: 0,0; 0,625; 1,25; 2,50 e 5,0 t/ha; e dois períodos de incubação: 30 e 60 dias) sendo avaliados o pH e a Condutividade elétrica (CE) da solução do solo. A aplicação do pó das conchas do sururu promoveu a elevação do pH do solo (redução da acidez) e da CE, sem, no entanto, promover sua salinização. Sendo assim, acredita-se que o pó das conchas do sururu se apresenta com potencial para ser uma fonte alternativa para correção de acidez do solo.
Effect of Intravenous Vitamin C and N Acetylcysteine on Postoperative Pain and Opioid Consumption after Laparoscopic Gynaecologic Oncosurgeries: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Rachana ND , Ranganath Namrata , Pallavi VR , Shashidhar GS , Arathi BH , Gowda VB
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Postoperative pain is one of the common causes of increased postoperative morbidity and delayed recovery. Pain causes adverse effects such as hypertension, tachycardia, myocardial ischaemia, decreased alveolar ventilation, poor wound healing, and postoperative morbidity. Vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is a novel co-analgesic, are being studied to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Aim: To study the effect of intravenous Vitamin C and NAC on postoperative surgical pain and opioid consumption after laparoscopic gynaecologic oncosurgeries. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomised controlled study conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India on 300 patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2 scheduled for laparoscopic Gynaeconcology surgery after obtaining written informed consent. All the selected patients were randomly allocated into three groups. Group P was the control group in Group N patients received intravenous injections of NAC (50 mg/kg) and vitamin C infusion (50 mg/kg) in Group C. Patients were explained about the visual analogue pain scale preoperatively. In the postoperative period, VAS scores were recorded and noted along with the rescue analgesics received and side-effects. Results: Haemodynamic variables were comparable among all three groups. The number of patients who had VAS scores of more than 4 was lower in group C (Vitamin C) at various time intervals when compared to the NAC and placebo groups. It was also statistically significant at 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, 300 minutes, and 10 hours (p-value=0.014, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, 0.003, 0.005, 0.006, respectively). Postoperative opioid consumption was significantly reduced in group C (Vitamin C) compared to the other two groups (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Intraoperative Vitamin C usage reduced postoperative pain and fentanyl consumption in the postoperative period, and NAC can be used as a part of multimodal analgesia.
Comparative Analysis of Root Canal Morphology in Human Mandibular Permanent Incisors using Decalcification Technique and Periapical Radiographs: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Tudu Surendra Nath , Mondal Parthasarathi , Karmakar Debjyoti , Murmu Lugu Buru , Mukhopadhyay Santanu , Das Snigdho
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Understanding the intricate root canal system of mandibular incisors is crucial for successful root canal therapy. Variations in canal anatomy pose challenges in diagnosis and treatment planning, emphasising the need for comprehensive evaluation methods. Aim: To evaluate and assess the root canal configuration of permanent mandibular incisors based on Vertucci’s classification using periapical radiographs and correlating the same with the gold standard decalcification and dye-penetration technique. Materials and Methods: The current in-vitro study was carried out from December 2018 to March 2019 in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It analysed the root canal morphology of mandibular central and lateral incisors using radiographic examination and decalcificationdye penetration evaluation. Data from 50 central and 50 lateral incisors (100 mandibular incisors) were procured and were assessed and subsequently analysed statistically using International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). The study outcome included assessing the various canal types and configurations, types of canals (straight/curved), and the position of the apical foramen (labial/ lingual) by both techniques. The existence of agreement was also tested using statistical analysis by the kappa (κ) coefficient between the two techniques with an alpha level of 5%. Results: The radiological findings of mandibular central incisors revealed a predominant presence of Type-I canals, constituting 66 (66%) cases, according to Vertucci’s classification. Decalcificationdye penetration evaluation of central incisors showed a similar trend, with Type-I canals exhibiting a significantly higher percentage 35 (70%) compared to other canal types (p<0.001). Lateral incisors exhibited similar trends in both radiological findings and decalcification-dye penetration. Type-I canals were significantly more prevalent 29 (58%) compared to other types (p<0.001). Evaluation with the decalcification-dye penetration technique further supported this, with Type-I canals showing a higher percentage 27 (54%) compared to other types (p<0.001). A moderate amount of agreement was detected between the two modalities concerning canal configuration (κ=0.46, p=0.049) and position of the apical foramen (κ=0.43, p<0.001), while an almost perfect agreement was present on canal curvature (κ=0.85, p<0.001). Conclusion: These results collectively suggest a similarity in the radiological characteristics and decalcification-dye penetration patterns between central and lateral incisors.
Additive Effect of Brown Flaxseed Extract Gel on Postsurgical Periodontal Therapy in Periodontitis Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Meenakshi P Swarna , Malaiappan Sankari
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Flaxseed is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which could be attributed to periodontal wound healing. Early wound healing contributes to favourable treatment outcomes. Glutathione peroxidase is a ubiquitous antioxidant biomarker known for its scavenging action of free radicals, thereby maintaining the health of periodontal tissues. Aim: To evaluate the additive effect of brown flaxseed gel following surgical periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from November 2023 to February 2024. Total of 30 patients were included in the study, with 15 patients in the control group and the other 15 patients (test group) were administered brown flaxseed gel following flap surgery. The included patients were allocated into test and control groups through simple randomisation. Postoperative flap surgery, the Early Healing Index (EHI), and healing scores were evaluated at the 1st and 2nd weeks. Salivary glutathione peroxidase levels were also assessed at the 1st and 2nd weeks following periodontal therapy. An Independent t-test was used to compare the mean values between the test group and the control group. Results: The mean age of the eligible participants was 35.6±4.57 years. Better healing was observed in the test group compared to the control group in the 1st postoperative week, as recorded by the EHI with a mean of 2.96±0.90 in the test group and 2.06±0.70 in the statistically significant control group. Salivary glutathione levels were significantly increased in the test group with a mean concentration of 14.1±.78 mu/mL and 10.5±0.42 mu/mL in the control group at the end of the 2nd week, respectively. Conclusion: Brown flaxseed gel is an efficacious therapeutic agent in improving periodontal wound healing and also has prudent antioxidant activity.
Determining the Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptor Expression in Cases of Endometrial Carcinoma: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rajeev Resmi , Das Nisha M , Jyothi CR
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma is the second most common female genital tract malignancy in India with a incidence rising globally. Hormone receptors are positive in 35- 90% of endometrial carcinomas. Hormone therapy can be given to patients with hormone receptor positive tumours. Aim: To determine whether Progesterone and Oestrogen receptors (PR and ER) are most often expressed in endometrial cancer cases, and to correlate this expression with histopathologic features in these cases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India, on 37 cases of endometrial carcinoma. ER and PR expression were assessed and correlated with histopathologic parameters in carcinoma endometrium. Results: 75.6% of the patients were in the 51-70 age range. Grade I endometrioid cancer accounted for 24 (77.42%) of the 31 cases, grade II for 5 (16.13%) and grade III for 2 (6.45%). 19 (51.4%) of cases had ER positivity and 21 (56.8%) had PR positivity. While all grade III tumours were PR and ER negative, grade I tumours had 70.83% and 79.17% ER and PR positivity, respectively. While ER expression did not correlate negatively with grade (p-value=0.076), PR expression did (p-value=0.043). In 29.73% of patients, lymphocytic infiltrates were seen, and they had a strong correlation with the expression of ER and PR. All cases of papillary serous carcinomas (100%), mucinous carcinomas (100%), and clear cell carcinomas (100%), showed ER negative. Hormone receptor status did not significantly correlate with FIGO (The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage, lymphovascular emboli, or myometrial invasion. Conclusion: Most of the endometrioid endometrial carcinomas showed ER and PR positivity, while all of the non endometrioid endometrial carcinomas were negative for both ER and PR. ER and PR were positive in most of the grade I tumours, whereas in the high-grade tumours, they were often negative. Immunoreactivity for PR had a stronger association with tumour grade, when compared to ER.
Crystalline Copper Nanomaterials for Advanced Ceramic: A Comprehensive Review for Functional Ceramic Coating Approaches
Authors: Shishir Md. Khalid Hossain , Afrin Sabrina , Sachchu Md. Mazedul Haque , Eva Tanjina Nasrin , Tabassum Sumaya , Ahmed Shanawaz , Sadia Sumaiya Islam , Alam Md. Ashraful
Published: July 2024

Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) are appealing candidates for advanced ceramic applications because of their remarkable physical, chemical, mechanical and antibacterial capabilities which have attracted much interest. This review provides an extensive analysis of the current state-of-the-art synthesis, characterization and utilization of crystalline Cu NPs for functional ceramic coatings. Emphasis is placed on the unique attributes of copper nanostructures, including their high ratio of surface to volume, tunable optical and electronic properties and remarkable thermal and electrical conductivity. The review delves into various synthetic strategies such as chemical reduction, thermal decomposition and biological synthesis in achieving proper control over shape, size and crystallinity. Furthermore, the integration of copper nanomaterials into ceramic matrices is critically examined, unveiling their role in enhancing mechanical strength, thermal stability and antimicrobial activity. Particular attention is given to developing multifunctional ceramic coatings tailored for applications in energy storage, catalysis, sensing and biomedical fields. The review also discusses challenges and future perspectives, including the scalability of production processes, environmental considerations and the development of hybrid nanocomposites for next-generation advanced ceramic materials.
The Impact of Supportive Learning Environment on Student Learning Motivation of Senior High School Students
Authors: Regidor Analyn R. , Vesmanos Armida T. , Deguito Prima O.
Published: July 2024

Aims: To investigates the relationship between a supportive learning environment and the learning motivation of senior high school students at Tubod National High School in Davao Del Norte, Philippines.
Study Design: The study employed a quantitative, predictive correlational design, the research explores how variations in the learning environment contribute to shifts in student motivation levels.
Place and Duration of the Study: Tubod National High School in Davao Del Norte, Philippines, between September up to December 2023.
Methodology: The study involved senior high school students from grades eleven to twelve. Using Slovin’s formula, the researchers selected 199 among the 378 senior high school students who rated the two adopted questionnaires. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling to ensure representation across both levels. Employing statistical treatments such as mean, standard deviation, and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the research analyzes the nuanced interplay between the supportive learning environment and student learning motivation. Utilizing carefully selected tools, namely the Students' Motivation Toward Science Learning (SMTSL) and Supportive Learning Environment for Expertise Development (SLEED-Q) questionnaires.
Results: Findings revealed a high level of supportive learning environments and student learning motivation. In terms of significant relationship, supportive learning environment and student learning motivation of senior high school students were found to have a moderately positive correlation.
Conclusion: The study examined the impact of a supportive learning environment on senior high school students' learning motivation. The findings revealed that the supportive learning environment had a high overall mean score of 4.08 (SD = 0.56), indicating that senior high school students believe their classroom provides a very supportive learning environment. Meanwhile, student learning motivation also scored high with a mean of 4.04 (SD = 0.52), suggesting that students are generally motivated to learn. Moreover, the statistical analysis showed a p-value of 0.002 and a Pearson r value of 0.526, indicating a statistically significant and moderately positive correlation between a supportive learning environment and student learning motivation. Therefore, to promote high levels of student motivation, the study emphasizes the significance of providing a supportive learning environment in the classroom.
Innovative Seed Treatment for Cassia siamea Lam. Germination and Carbon Stock Analysis in Varied Stem Sizes for Sustainable Land Management and Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Pragasan L. Arul , Dhanavel P.
Published: July 2024

This study investigates seed treatment effects on Cassia siamea germination and assesses carbon stock potential across stem size classes. The germination test involved six treatments, including immersion in various water temperatures and chemical solutions. Carbon stock potential across eleven stem size classes of Cassia siamea was assessed through air drying, oven drying, and ash weight measurements following standardized methods. Results highlight significant variation in germination rates among treatments, with immersion in concentrated H2SO4 showing the highest efficacy. Carbon stock in wood varies significantly across stem size classes. However, regression analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship observed between the wood carbon stock and stem size class of C. siamea. Findings suggest non-linear growth patterns in carbon accumulation, influenced by factors beyond stem size. Insights from this research aid in optimizing seedling establishment and maximizing carbon sequestration potential in Cassia siamea, supporting climate change mitigation efforts through afforestation initiatives. Moreover, implications for sustainable land management, particularly in contexts like roadside tree planting in India, underscore the practical relevance of these findings in combating rising atmospheric carbon concentrations.
Evaluating the Integration of Edge Computing and Serverless Architectures for Enhancing Scalability and Sustainability in Cloud-based Big Data Management
Authors: Ezeugwa Favour Amarachi
Published: July 2024

This study evaluates the integration of edge computing and serverless architectures to enhance scalability and sustainability in cloud-based big data management systems. With the exponential increase in data from internet-connected devices, traditional cloud computing faces challenges in scalability, cost-efficiency, and environmental impact. This research utilized a simulated environment to compare traditional cloud setups with integrated edge and serverless architectures under conditions typical for smart city applications. The simulation focused on four key performance metrics: latency, operational costs, energy consumption, and throughput. Results indicated a substantial decrease in latency, with a reduction from 149.73 ms to 88.94 ms during peak hours, enhancing real-time data processing capabilities essential for time-sensitive applications. Operational costs were significantly lowered by approximately 30%, attributed to the dynamic resource allocation of serverless architectures that reduce financial waste. Additionally, the integration showed a notable reduction in energy consumption and carbon emissions, highlighting the potential for these technologies to contribute positively to environmental sustainability. Lastly, the enhanced scalability of the integrated system was evident, with throughput increasing by 50%, proving its effectiveness in handling large volumes of data and user requests efficiently. The findings suggest that the synergistic use of edge computing and serverless architectures could revolutionize big data management across various sectors, offering improvements in performance, cost-efficiency, and environmental sustainability.
olhar sobre o comportamento informacional sob o prisma de algumas abordagens de estudos acerca do comportamento humano nas diversas vertentes da Psicologia
Authors: Pereira Rosane Santana Rodrigues , Santos José Carlos Sales dos
Published: July 2024

O comportamento informacional humano constitui uma temática emergente na Ciência da Informação e corresponde ao somatório de ações atinentes à recuperação de conteúdos em fontes e canais de informação. Contudo, para sua compreensão, necessário se torna conhecer os diversos estudos acerca do comportamento humano e sua influência no comportamento informacional. Considerando as prerrogativas anunciadas, o artigo procurou analisar algumas abordagens de estudo da escola tradicional de psicologia e as atuais tendências com o objetivo de refletir sobre o comportamento informacional a partir da visão destas abordagens de estudo da psicologia sobre o comportamento humano, tendo como questão norteadora: como a visão acerca do comportamento humano em diferentes abordagens da psicologia influenciam o olhar sobre o comportamento informacional? Aderente ao objetivo deste trabalho, a metodologia amparou-se no método de procedimento monográfico, nível descritivo, técnica e instrumento de investigação pautada na pesquisa bibliográfica, efetuando levantamento nos bancos e bases de dados de estudos científicos reconhecidos no meio acadêmico, acerca do que se tem produzido concernente à temática em tela, utilizando-se de termos de busca relativos a comportamento humano, abordagens da psicologia sobre o comportamento e comportamento informacional. Os resultados assinalaram que é possível uma ampliação da visão acerca do comportamento informacional sob o prisma destes estudos. As considerações finais anunciam que o comportamento informacional humano corresponde a aderências e adaptações pertinentes a cenários sociais, institucionais e organizacionais, mas também a fatores intrínsecos à mente humana.
Momento de agradecer
Authors: Cesar Jamile Leidiane dos Santos
Published: July 2024

Um agradecimento a todas as pessoas que contribuíram com SIPSI desde a sua criação em 2018.
Apontamentos sobre e psicodinâmica envolvida no racismo
Authors: Fukutani Yzumi
Published: July 2024

O presente trabalho tem como tema as repercussões do racismo na constituição subjetiva da pessoa negra e tenciona expor, sob uma perspectiva psicodinâmica, os recursos utilizados pela pessoa negra em seu processo de tornar-se sujeito e sua estruturação psíquica no mundo conceitual branco, considerando tanto a reinvenção do lugar de sujeito da pessoa negra por Kilomba (2019) quanto a elaboração de Souza (1983) sobre a experiência emocional do negro brasileiro.
Estrutura Psicótica e sua Relação com a Teoria do Desenvolvimento Emocional de Donald Winnicott
Authors: Da Costa Silva Rezende Keziah
Published: July 2024

O presente estudo discorre sobre a relação entre a estrutura psicótica e o desenvolvimento emocional primitivo a partir das contribuições de Donald Winnicott. Com a finalidade de ilustrar a temática em questão foi analisado o caso clínico apresentado no documentário Child of Rage (A Ira de um Anjo), lançado pela HBO em 29 de setembro de 1992 em que aponta como a negligência de os cuidados físicos e emocionais podem afetar o desenvolvimento emocional do indivíduo.
"O que as mulheres querem?" Histeria e dissociação-valor em Mad Men
Authors: Roger Jayder
Published: July 2024

Na série de televisão "Mad Men" (2007), Betty Draper desempenha um papel secundário como a esposa do protagonista. Através da análise de um episódio específico, explora-se a conexão entre os sintomas histéricos manifestados por Betty e sua posição na divisão social do trabalho. Essa divisão atribui aos homens a esfera da produção social, enquanto restringe as mulheres à esfera privada da reprodução.
Perspektiven der Chemie – Stufen zur komplexen Materie
Authors: Lehn Jean‐Marie
Published: February 2013

Chemie entschlüsselt in zunehmendem Maße die grundlegenden Prozesse der Evolution von Materie zu Zuständen höherer Komplexität sowie die Entwicklung neuer Eigenschaften durch Selbstorganisation, angetrieben durch Information. Chemie hat sich mithilfe konstitutioneller Dynamik von molekularer über supramolekulare zu adaptiver Chemie weiterentwickelt, und ermöglicht somit eine Adaptation durch Auswahl an einer sich im Gleichgewicht befindenden Komponentenmischung. Dynamische Systeme können als gewichtete dynamische Netzwerke beschrieben werden, die agonistische und antagonistische Beziehungen der durch Komponentenaustausch verbundenen Konstituenten definieren. Solche Netzwerke können durch Verstärkung/Mehrausschüttung des/der am besten geeigneten/adaptierten Konstituenten einer dynamischen Mischung geschaltet werden. Das Erreichen komplexerer Funktionen wie Training, Lernen oder Entscheidungsfindung sind zukünftige Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten für adaptive chemische Systeme.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of fumaric acid
Authors: Song Chan Woo , Kim Dong In , Choi Sol , Jang Jae Won , Lee Sang Yup
Published: February 2013

Fumaric acid is a naturally occurring organic acid that is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Fungal species belonging to Rhizopus have traditionally been employed for the production of fumaric acid. In this study, Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered for the production of fumaric acid under aerobic condition. For the aerobic production of fumaric acid, the iclR gene was deleted to redirect the carbon flux through the glyoxylate shunt. In addition, the fumA, fumB, and fumC genes were also deleted to enhance fumaric acid formation. The resulting strain was able to produce 1.45 g/L of fumaric acid from 15 g/L of glucose in flask culture. Based on in silico flux response analysis, this base strain was further engineered by plasmid‐based overexpression of the native ppc gene, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC), from the strong tac promoter, which resulted in the production of 4.09 g/L of fumaric acid. Additionally, the arcA and ptsG genes were deleted to reinforce the oxidative TCA cycle flux, and the aspA gene was deleted to block the conversion of fumaric acid into L‐aspartic acid. Since it is desirable to avoid the use of inducer, the lacI gene was also deleted. To increase glucose uptake rate and fumaric acid productivity, the native promoter of the galP gene was replaced with the strong trc promoter. Fed‐batch culture of the final strain CWF812 allowed production of 28.2 g/L fumaric acid in 63 h with the overall yield and productivity of 0.389 g fumaric acid/g glucose and 0.448 g/L/h, respectively. This study demonstrates the possibility for the efficient production of fumaric acid by metabolically engineered E. coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2025–2034. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbene‐Mediated Functionalization of the Anomeric CH Bond of Carbohydrates: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Boultadakis‐Arapinis Mélissa , Prost Elise , Gandon Vincent , Lemoine Pascale , Turcaud Serge , Micouin Laurent , Lecourt Thomas
Published: February 2013

Herein we investigate the scope and limitations of a new synthetic approach towards α‐ and β‐ketopyranosides relying on the functionalization of the anomeric CH bond of carbohydrates by insertion of a metal carbene. A key bromoacetate grafted at the 2‐position is the cornerstone of a stereoselective glycosylation/diazotransfer/quaternarization sequence that makes possible the construction of a quaternary center with complete control of the stereochemistry. This sequence shows a good tolerance toward protecting groups commonly used in carbohydrate chemistry and gives rise to quaternary disaccharides with good efficiency. In the case of a disaccharide with a more restricted conformation, this functionalization process can be hampered by the steric demand next to the targeted anomeric position. In addition, the formation of transient orthoesters during the glycosylation step may also reduce the overall efficiency of the synthetic sequence.
Corosolic acid impairs tumor development and lung metastasis by inhibiting the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells
Authors: Horlad Hasita , Fujiwara Yukio , Takemura Kenichi , Ohnishi Koji , Ikeda Tsuyoshi , Tsukamoto Hirotake , Mizuta Hiroshi , Nishimura Yasuharu , Takeya Motohiro , Komohara Yoshihiro
Published: February 2013

Scope

Recent studies demonstrated that myeloid cells are associated with systemic immunosuppression in tumor‐bearing hosts. In particular, myeloid cells positive for Gr‐1 and CD11b in tumor‐bearing mice are called myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) because of their suppression of T‐cell activation. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of corosolic acid (CA) in murine sarcoma model.

Methods and results

The results from the in vivo study showed that CA administration did not suppress the tumor proliferation index, but significantly impaired subcutaneous tumor development and lung metastasis. Furthermore, CA administration inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (Stat3) activation and increased in the number of infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor tissues. Ex vivo analysis demonstrated that a significant immunosuppressive effect of MDSC in tumor‐bearing mice was abrogated and the mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase‐2 and CCL2 in MDSC were significantly decreased by CA administration. Furthermore, CA enhanced the antitumor effects of adriamycin and cisplatin in in vitro.

Conclusion

Since Stat3 is associated with tumor progression not only in osteosarcoma, but also in other malignant tumors, our findings indicate that CA might be widely useful in anticancer therapy by targeting the immunosuppressive activity of MDSC and through its synergistic effects with anticancer agents.
Emerging importance of omega‐3 fatty acids in the innate immune response: Molecular mechanisms and lipidomic strategies for their analysis
Authors: Maskrey Benjamin H. , Megson Ian L. , Rossi Adriano G. , Whitfield Phillip D.
Published: February 2013

The beneficial health properties of dietary omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have long been known and their metabolic dysfunction has been linked to a range of diseases including various inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their health benefits have remained unclear. Recent technological advances in lipidomic analytical strategies have resulted in the discovery of a range of bioactive mediators derived from EPA and DHA that possess potent anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving properties and that may be responsible, at least in part, for the beneficial effects observed. These mediators include resolvins, protectins and maresins, as well as EPA derivatives of classical arachidonic acid derived eicosanoids, such as prostaglandin E3. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the biosynthetic pathways and biological properties of these omega‐3 mediators, with a particular focus on the emerging importance of the counter‐regulatory role of omega‐3 and ‐6 fatty acids in the spatial and temporal regulation of the inflammatory response. It will also provide an insight into a range of lipidomic approaches, which are currently available to analyse these fatty acids and their metabolites in biological matrices.
QTL‐based association analyses reveal novel genes influencing pleiotropy of metabolic syndrome (MetS)
Authors: Zhang Y. , Kent J.W. , Olivier M. , Ali O. , Broeckel U. , Abdou R.M. , Dyer T.D. , Comuzzie A. , Curran J.E. , Carless M.A. , Rainwater D.L. , Göring H.H.H. , Blangero J. , Kissebah A.H.
Published: February 2013

Objective: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a phenotype cluster predisposing to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We conducted a study to elucidate the genetic basis underlying linkage signals for multiple representative traits of MetS that we had previously identified at two significant QTLs on chromosomes 3q27 and 17p12.

Design and Methods: We performed QTL‐specific genomic and transcriptomic analyses in 1,137 individuals from 85 extended families that contributed to the original linkage. We tested in SOLAR association of MetS phenotypes with QTL‐specific haplotype‐tagging SNPs as well as transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Results: SNPs significantly associated with MetS phenotypes under the prior hypothesis of linkage mapped to seven genes at 3q27 and seven at 17p12. Prioritization based on biologic relevance, SNP association, and expression analyses identified two genes: insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) at 3q27 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 13B (TNFRSF13B) at 17p12. Prioritized genes could influence cell‐cell adhesion and adipocyte differentiation, insulin/glucose responsiveness, cytokine effectiveness, plasma lipid levels, and lipoprotein densities.

Conclusions: Using an approach combining genomic, transcriptomic, and bioinformatic data we identified novel candidate genes for MetS.
Subchronic neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and their combination in rats
Authors: Wang Hui‐Ping , Liang Yu‐Jie , Sun Ying‐Jian , Hou Wei‐Yuan , Chen Jia‐Xiang , Long Ding‐Xin , Xu Ming‐Yuan , Wu Yi‐Jun
Published: February 2013

Anticholinesterase pesticides have been widely used in agricultural and domestic settings and can be detected in the environment after long‐term use. Although the acute toxic effects of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl have been well described, little is known about the chronic toxicity of the pesticides mixture. To investigate their chronic neurotoxicity, Wistar rats were exposed to chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and their mixture (MIX) for 90 consecutive days. The activities of serum cholinesterase (ChE) as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) in nerve tissues were determined. Furthermore, the histopathological examination was carried out. The results showed that ChE activity significantly decreased in all treated rats except the rats treated with low dose carbaryl. Treatment with middle‐ and high‐dose chlorpyrifos and MIX in rats significantly inhibited AChE activity in the central nervous tissues, whereas treatment with carbaryl alone did not. In sciatic nerve, AChE activity was significantly inhibited by high‐dose carbaryl and MIX, but not by chlorpyrifos alone. No significant NTE inhibition was observed in all treatment groups. Histopathological examination revealed that both chlorpyrifos and MIX treatment induced hippocampal damage. However, no obvious hippocampal damage was found in carbaryl‐treated rats. Carbaryl and MIX, but not chlorpyrifos alone, induced pathological damage of sciatic nerve. Taken together, all of the results indicated that chlorpyrifos and carbaryl have different toxicological target tissues in nervous system and showed corresponding effects in the nervous tissues, which may reflect the different sensitivity of central and peripheral nervous tissues to different pesticides individually and in combination. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1193–1200, 2014.
Relationships between changes in leptin and insulin resistance levels in obese individuals following weight loss
Authors: Wang Tsu‐Nai , Chang Wen‐Tsan , Chiu Yu‐Wen , Lee Chun‐Ying , Lin Kun‐Der , Cheng Yu Yao , Su Yi‐Ju , Chung Hsin‐Fang , Huang Meng‐Chuan
Published: February 2013

Obesity can augment insulin resistance (IR), leading to increased risk of diabetes and heart disease. Leptin, ghrelin, and various fatty acids present in the cell membrane may modulate IR. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of weight loss on IR, serum leptin/ghrelin levels, and erythrocyte fatty acids, and studied the associations between changes in these variables. A total of 35 obese (body mass index ≥ 27) adults participated in a weight loss program for 3 months. IR was assessed using homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). The obese participants had a mean weight loss of 5.6 ± 3.8 kg followed by a 16.7% and 23.3% reduction in HOMA‐IR and leptin (p < 0.001) levels, and an 11.3% increase in ghrelin levels (p = 0.005). The level of erythrocyte saturates decreased by 2.8%, while the level of n–3 polyunsaturates increased by 16.8% (all p < 0.05). The changes in leptin levels (−5.63 vs. −1.57 ng/mL) were significantly different (p = 0.004) in those with improved IR (changes in HOMA‐IR < 0) than those without improvement (changes in HOMA‐IR ≥ 0), though there were no differences in the changes of ghrelin (p = 0.120) and erythrocyte fatty acids (all p > 0.05) levels. After adjusting for age, gender, changes in ghrelin, and body fat, we found a significant correlation between decreases in leptin and less risk of no improvement in HOMA‐IR levels [odds ratio (OR) = 0.69, p = 0.039]. In conclusion, a moderate weight reduction in obese participants over a short period significantly improved IR. This weight reduction concomitantly decreased serum leptin, increased ghrelin, and elevated some erythrocyte unsaturates. Only leptin correlated independently with IR improvement upon multivariable logistic regression analysis, which indicates that leptin may play a role in the modulation of IR following weight loss.
On the connection between accreting X-ray and radio millisecond pulsars
Authors: Tauris T. M.
Published: February 2013

For many years it has been recognized that the terminal stages of mass transfer in a low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) should cause the magnetosphere of the accreting neutron star to expand, leading to a braking torque acting on the spinning pulsar. After the discovery of radio millisecond pulsars (MSPs) it was therefore somewhat a paradox (e.g. Ruderman et al. 1989) how these pulsars could retain their fast spins following the Roche-lobe decoupling phase, RLDP. Here I present a solution to this so-called “turn-off problem” which was recently found by combining binary stellar evolution models with torque computations (Tauris 2012). The solution is that during the RLDP the spin equilibrium of the pulsar is broken and therefore it remains a fast spinning object. I briefly discuss these findings in view of the two observed spin distributions in the populations of accreting X-ray millisecond pulsars (AXMSPs) and radio MSPs.
Multiwavelength analysis as a probe of accretion and radiative processes in LINERs
Authors: Younes George , Porquet Delphine
Published: February 2013

We study the multiwavelength properties of an optically selected sample of Low Ionization Nuclear Emission-line Regions (LINERs), in an attempt to determine the accretion mechanism powering their central engine. We show how their X-ray spectral characteristics, and their spectral energy distribution compare to luminous AGN, and briefly discuss their connection to their less massive counter-parts galactic black-hole X-ray binaries.
The arcsecond scale properties of 6 UHBLs
Authors: Yang Shengxu , Wu Zhongzu , Gu Minfeng
Published: February 2013

In this work, by using the VLA archive data, we present the arcsecond scale structure and radio spectrum properties of six UHBLs, which were selected from Nieppola et al. 2006 , including all the UHBLs available with VLA archive data at L, C, X band. Our preliminary result shows that spectrum of UHBLs seems to be steeper than normal HBLs.
The inverse association of cancer and Alzheimer's: a bioenergetic mechanism
Authors: Demetrius Lloyd A. , Simon David K.
Published: February 2013

The sporadic forms of cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both age-related metabolic disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the two diseases are distinct: cancer is described by essentially limitless replicative potential, whereas neuronal death is a key feature of AD. Studies of the origin of both diseases indicate that their sporadic forms are the result of metabolic dysregulation, and a compensatory increase in energy transduction that is inversely related. In cancer, the compensatory metabolic effect is the upregulation of glycolysis—the Warburg effect; in AD, a bioenergetic model based on the interaction between astrocytes and neurons indicates that the compensatory metabolic alteration is the upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation—an inverse Warburg effect. These two modes of metabolic alteration could contribute to an inverse relation between the incidence of the two diseases. We invoke this bioenergetic mechanism to furnish a molecular basis for an epidemiological observation, namely the incidence of sporadic forms of cancer and AD is inversely related. We furthermore exploit the molecular mechanisms underlying the diseases to propose common therapeutic strategies for cancer and AD based on metabolic intervention.
Why do directors trade? Evidence from US multi‐company directors
Authors: Wang Huabing (Barbara)
Published: February 2013

Purpose

Previous literature suggests various motives and factors affecting insider trading, but little systematic empirical evidence exists on how they affect insider trading decisions jointly. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a multivariate fix‐effect framework to jointly examine the factors affecting insider trading decisions using a sample of directors serving multiple companies. The timing of the trading is taken as given and an examination made as to why a specific stock was traded among all the insider stocks the director holds. The observations of the untraded stocks supplement the direct observation of the traded stocks, and allow the issue of insider trading motives to be tested in a multivariate framework with director fix‐effect.

Findings

Evidence is found for the joint presence of the following motives in determining directors' trading choices: information; insider preferences for small value companies with significant previous price movement; the avoidance of information sensitive period; and corporate‐level insider trading restrictions. It is empirically shown that director trading motives vary by transaction size.

Originality/value

This paper provides systematic empirical evidence on the factors affecting the trading decisions of US directors.