bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nord et Sud dans la construction de l’identité noire américaine : réflexions sur le Mouvement pour les Droits Civiques
Authors: Stefani Anne
Published: September 2015

The present article examines the role played by the southern Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s in the construction of a national African American identity. Through the example of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, it analyzes the Freedom Movement from a North/South perspective, showing that the Movement allowed the convergence and interaction of two specific black identities which had developed in the North and in the South in the wake of the Great Migration. After exposing the main characteristics of these two identities at mid-20th century, the article focuses on the evolution of SNCC and of a selection of its key members to demonstrate how the Movement absorbed and transformed distinctive features of black northern and southern cultures, giving birth, ultimately, to a new black identity in which North and South became united after an era of separate development.
La guérison dans Everyman
Authors: Yvernault Martine
Published: September 2015

Everyman apparently focuses on death, a well-known source of inspiration for sermons, medieval drama and art. Yet this perception of the main issue of the play is certainly frustrating as well as uninteresting. The strength of the text lies in the dialectical staging of two processes, dying and healing, which go beyond the mere issue of death. Dying―holy dying―and healing, set against the social and historical backcloth of medieval Europe with its changes, tragedies and outbreaks of plague, imply a progress leading to the spiritual transformation of Everyman, probably a member of the merchant class, also showing the audience that the spiritual part of the body, promised to decay, may be amended and healedchemin, cheminement, Everyman et saint Paul, guérison, symbolisme de l’eau, thérapie
The Lion’s Share of Laughter: A French Angle on the Dramaturgy of Pyramus and Thisbe
Authors: Hillman Richard
Published: September 2015

Cet article explore la relation entre la « tragédie » de Pyrame et Thisbé mise sur scène, de manière burlesque, par les Artisans dans Le songe d’une nuit d’été et certains analogues français, dont deux particulièrement intéressants : un long poème de jeunesse par Antoine De Baïf (1572-73) reprenant le récit d’Ovide, ainsi qu’une courte pièce anonyme, basée sur l’Ovide moralisé, qui a été éditée (vers 1535) sous le titre de Moralité nouuelle, recreatifue, & profitable, a quatre personnaiges, pièce certainement destinée à la scène. Malgré quelques correspondances assez frappantes de part et d’autre avec Le songe, il ne s’agit pas de textes-sources mais plutôt d’intertextes. Le poème narratif met en relief le changement du registre culturel effectué par Shakespeare en dotant son matériau médiéval d’un appareil humaniste, avec une ornementation rhétorique élaborée. La Moralité nouuelle quant à elle nous montre sous une nouvelle lumière les efforts naïfs des comédiens amateurs chez Shakespeare de faire face aux défis théâtraux inhérents dans l’histoire ovidienne. Donc de deux points de vue très différents, les intertextes français convergent pour suggérer le potentiel parodique qui semble avoir attiré Shakespeare à cette histoire très connue afin d’insinuer, de façon novatrice et subtile, la fragilité des frontières génériques.
Technicolor Middle Ages: (Ex)changes and Transformations from Medieval to Present Day Perception of Colour
Authors: Blandeau Agnès
Published: September 2015

L’apparition du procédé du Technicolor en 1934 accentue la vision fantasmée du moyen-âge donnée par le septième art, lequel crée un univers revêtu des atours et des couleurs éclatantes de ces temps anciens. Comme l’homme médiéval, le spectateur du XXe siècle est en quête de sensations chromatiques fortes, de cette allégresse ressentie à la vue de la saisissante juxtaposition de teintes vives, produisant un effet lumineux qui suscite le ravissement. A l’ère du Technicolor, les productions hollywoodiennes à sujet médiéval semblent tendre vers cette fulgurance des tons de l’époque en question. L’article se limite à l’examen de trois exemples significatifs, hauts en couleurs, de la production cinématographique américaine. Dans chacun d’eux, l’action se situe au moyen-âge. Il s’agit de The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), Ivanhoe (1952) et The Knights of the Round Table (1953). L’aspect technique du complexe procédé du Technicolor, qui a sensiblement évolué entre 1938 et 1953, mériterait à lui seul une étude détaillée. Là n’est pas notre propos.Ce qui nous intéresse est une mise en regard, qui nous paraît pertinente, entre la sensibilité aiguë des médiévaux à la couleur et la sublimation de cette période de l’Histoire à travers le filtre magique du Technicolor. L’éclat saturé des teintes que permet d’obtenir cette technique cinématographique pourrait répondre au désir d’imiter l’aspiration médiévale à la beauté formelle, à la radiance et à la dimension symbolique de l’image. S’ils ont souvent été considérés comme le reflet kitsch d’un moyen-âge clinquant, les films en Technicolor brillent par leur déploiement de tonalités flamboyantes. Malgré leur irréalité de pacotille, The Adventures of Robin Hood, Ivanhoe et The Knights of the Round Table parviennent à vibrer des couleurs médiévales, dont nous tentons de questionner ici la diversité des perceptions et des références à celles-ci, ainsi que l’incessante mutation des différents usages dont elles ont fait l’objet et des diverses connotations qu’elles ont pu revêtir.
The Legacy of Abolitionism
Authors: Ruggiero Vincenzo
Published: September 2015

Abolitionism is not only a strategy or a set of demands aimed at the reduction (or suppression) of custody, it is also a perspective, a philosophy, an approach. This is exactly what makes it relevant today. Penal abolitionism challenges conventional definitions of crime and the law, while defying official views of the meanings and effects of punishment. This paper sets off with some general observations around imprisonment in Europe. It then examines the main analytical components of abolitionism as expressed by the founders of this school of thought. Finally, a sketch is provided of contemporary contributions which reveal how and to what extent the legacy of abolitionism has been handed down to radical reformers.
L’immobilisme de la critique et celui du pénal : deux problèmes fondamentaux pour l’abolitionnisme
Authors: Dubé Richard
Published: September 2015

Cet article traite de la transformation identitaire du système de droit criminel moderne et pose plus spécifiquement le problème en relation avec la prison. Historiquement, malgré les nombreuses critiques dont elle a pu faire l’objet, l’idée de la prison a continué de s’imposer dans les discours entourant la résolution des conflits pénaux. À cet égard, le système de droit criminel se démarque en effet par un implacable immobilisme. Dans le cadre de cet article, cette première forme d’immobilisme, endogène et propre au système, sera mise en relation avec une forme plus exogène, soit celle qui dans ce même contexte caractérise l’immobilisme de la critique elle-même. La critique de type agonistique, dont se reconnaitront plusieurs perspectives abolitionnistes, sera plus spécifiquement ciblée. Tirant profit de la typologie de Moser (1990), on pourra opposer à cette première forme de critique la critique dite romantique de même que celle de la déconstruction. Bonifiée par certaines distinctions théoriques empruntées ici à la théorie des systèmes de Niklas Luhmann, cette critique de la déconstruction s’installe sur la frontière qui sépare le système de son environnement et problématise, à partir de ce positionnement entre l’exo et l’endo, l’immobilisme de la critique qu’elle conçoit comme n’étant pas sans lien avec celui du pénal.
Syndiquer les prisonniers, abolir la prison
Authors: Charbit Joël , Ricordeau Gwenola
Published: September 2015

En 1985-86, l’Association Syndicale des Prisonniers de France (ASPF), une organisation abolitionniste, a milité en faveur du droit d’association et des droits syndicaux pour les prisonniers. Basé principalement sur des archives privées et publiques et des entretiens, l’article décrit comme le mouvement abolitionniste en France a été influencé par les controverses d’alors sur l’analyse politique et stratégique de l’ASPF. Il examine également comment, depuis le milieu des années 1980, les mobilisations abolitionnistes et les luttes des prisonniers, parallèlement avec la mise en place d’une participation institutionnalisée des prisonniers, a éclipsé la lutte pour le droit d’association des prisonniers.
Trafficking with abolitionism
Authors: Nagel Mechthild
Published: September 2015

What do discourses about prisons, trafficking and “prostitution” have in common? This paper analyses the ideological framework of social movements with respect to the rhetorical deployment of abolitionism. Critical to all of these movements is the concept of abolishing slavery. After tracing “the new abolitionism” of trafficking and prostitution back to the 19th Century Anglo American temperance movement, this paper will address the following: How are these social movements impacted by considerations of (social) class, religious fervor, gender, sexuality, citizenship, race, and ethnicity? Who is speaking for whom and why does it matter, politically and ethically? In what ways are today’s opponents of “prostitution” reproducing yesterday’s slogans of “white slavery”? It is argued that there are some fundamental differences between contemporary anti-prison movements and the anti-sex industry movement. Prisoners’ rights activists focus on the causes of mass incarceration and explore which demands best lead to overall decarceration; penal critics demand excarceration and a complete transformation of the penal system. Those who condemn “prostitution” rely heavily on the prosecution of “pimps” and “johns” with the goal of freeing the girls and women from “sexual slavery.” Finally, the paper will explain in detail why it is misplaced to label the movement against the sex industry as abolitionist rather than, say, prohibitionist.
The International Conference on Penal Abolition (ICOPA)
Authors: Delisle Claire , Basualdo Maria , Ilea Adina , Hughes Andrea
Published: September 2015

Drawing on debates observed at the fifteenth edition of the International Conference on Penal Abolition (ICOPA) that took place on Algonquin Territory at the University of Ottawa in June 2014, reflections by ICOPA 15 organizing committee and research group members, and interviews with international conference participants, this qualitative study explores four recurring themes debated within this entity: allyship between reformers and abolitionists; the extent of race analysis in abolitionist conceptualization and strategy, as well as oppressed and privileged positions within ICOPA; the power equilibrium among survivors of state or social harm, activists and academics; and deliberative vitality and decision-making within the organization. The exploration of ICOPA as a loose-knit initiative serves to elicit debate about the challenges of collective praxis in the face of co-optation, multiple oppressions, and unequal power structures shaping radical organizing and contemporary life more broadly.
A Mechanism for Securing Hybrid Cloud Outsourced Data
Authors: El-Haj Abdullah , Aljawarneh Shadi
Published: September 2015

The existing research related to security mechanisms only focuses on securing the flow of information in the communication networks. There is a lack of work on improving the performance of networks to meet quality of service (QoS) constrains for various services. The security mechanisms work by encryption and decryption of the information, but do not consider the optimised use of the network resources. In this paper the authors propose a Secure Data Transmission Mechanism (SDTM) with Preemption Algorithm that combines between security and quality of service. Their developed SDTM enhanced with Malicious Packets Detection System (MPDS) which is a set of technologies and solutions. It enforces security policy and bandwidth compliance on all devices seeking to access Cloud network computing resources, in order to limit damage from emerging security threats and to allow network access only to compliant and trusted endpoint devices.
Cloud Security Engineering Concept and Vision
Authors: Aljawarneh Shadi
Published: September 2015

The research community found that a software system should be evolved once every few months to ensure it is adapted to the real-world environment. The system evolution requires regularly amendments that append, delete, or alter features. It also migrates or converts the software system from one operating platform to another. These amendments may result in requirements/ specifications that were satisfied in a previous release of a software system not being satisfied in the subsequent versions. As a result, software evolutionary changes violate security requirements, and then a system may become vulnerable to different kinds of attacks. In this paper, concepts and visions are presented to avoid/minimize the Cloud security issues.
Submesh Allocation in 3D Mesh Multicomputers Using Free Lists
Authors: Bani-Mohammad Saad , Ababneh Ismail , Al Smadi Motasem
Published: September 2015

This chapter presents an extensive evaluation of a new contiguous allocation strategy proposed for 3D mesh multicomputers. The strategy maintains a list of maximal free sub-meshes and gives priority to allocating corner and boundary free sub-meshes. This strategy, which we refer to as Turning Corner-Boundary Free List (TCBFL) strategy, is compared, using extensive simulation experiments, to several existing allocation strategies for 3D meshes. In addition to allocation strategies, two job scheduling schemes, First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) and Shortest-Service-Demand (SSD) are considered in comparing the performance of the allocation strategies. The simulation results show that TCBFL produces average turnaround times and mean system utilization values that are superior to those of the existing allocation strategies. The results also reveal that SSD scheduling is much better than FCFS scheduling. Thus, the scheduling and allocation strategies both have substantial effect on the performance of contiguous allocation strategies in 3D mesh-connected multicomputers.
Bio-Inspired Private Information Retrieval System over Cloud Service Using the Social Bees' Lifestyle with a 3D Visualisation
Authors: Bouarara Hadj Ahmed , Hamou Reda Mohamed , Abdelmalek Amine
Published: September 2015

In the last decade, a new paradigm had seen the light named Cloud Computing, which allows the delocalization of data and applications on a dematerialized infrastructure accessible from Internet. Unfortunately, the cloud services are facing many drawbacks especially in terms of security and data confidentiality. However, in a world where digital information is everywhere, finding the desired information has become a crucial problem. For the purpose to preserve the user privacy life new approaches and ideas had been published. The content of this chapter is a new system of bio-inspired private information retrieval (BI-PIR) using the lifestyle of social bees, which allows both to find and hid, the sensitive desired information. It is based on a multi-filters cryptosystem used by the server for the encryption of stored document and the retrieval model using a combination of filters by 3 types of workers bees (Purveyor, guardian and cleaner), the queen bee represents the query, and the hive represents the class of relevant documents. We have tested this system on the benchmark MEDLINE dataset with panoply of validation tools (recall, precision, f-measure, entropy, silence, noise, and accuracy) and a comparative study had been realized with other systems existed in literature. Finally, a 3D visualization tool had been developed in order to make the results in graphical format understandable by humans. Our objectives is to improve the services quality of cloud computing.
Performance Management on Cloud Using Multi-Priority Queuing Systems
Authors: Madankan A. , Khalfi A. Delavar
Published: September 2015

Cloud computing is known as a new trend for computing resource provision. The process of entering into the cloud is formed as queue, so that each user has to wait until the current user is being served. In this model, the web applications are modeled as queues and the virtual machines are modeled as service centers. M/M/K model is used for multiple priority and multiple server systems with preemptive priorities. To achieve that it distinguish two groups of priority classes that each classes includes multiple items, each having their own arrival and service rate. It derives an approximate method to estimate the steady state probabilities. Based on these probabilities, it can derives approximations for a wide range of relevant performance characteristics, such as the expected postponement time for each item class and the first and second moment of the number of items of a certain type in the system.
The MetaPlastic Technè
Authors: Mura Gianluca
Published: September 2015

This chapter describes the theory of the Metaplastic metadiscipline (Ars MetaPlastica), a science-art-design research field that studies the most recent technological influences into the contemporary culture. It discusses the realization of the metaplastic virtual media through interdisciplinary methodologies between reality and virtual realities. The virtual media acquire form and meaning through its process of conceptual interpretation. The metaphor of the artistic machine finds its new realization where the metaplastic machine itself becomes aesthetic expression of the virtuality. The Open Metaplastic framework's art approach applied to software and hardware modeling design are also discussed and some examples of applications are introduced.
On Virtual Fluxus
Authors: Lichty Patrick
Published: September 2015

Contemporary technologies in art are available from the 1960's. Virtual Fluxus is the result of more than a decade of digital practice events, which give a definition of the online world. This article on Virtual FLUXUS discusses the paradoxes of the Virtual in Contemporary Art. It starts its discussion with a citation from Al Hansen, as: “Fluxus is a Virtual Reality system where the glove doesn't work properly and the helmet doesn't fit. Other things happen than what was intended”. In this chapter, the author underlines that when Virtual FLUXUS happened, the gloves and goggles began to work, and when inside, things were more gloriously broken than could have been imagined. In this chapter, there are several examples of virtual artworks from different authors examined.
Wanderlost
Authors: Johansson Michael
Published: September 2015

In this chapter I will discuss a art and design project called wanderlost, were we through co-creation try to populate a virtual world with people, objects and architecture. In this project stages we have developed a method for gathering input and inspiration for early stages in the design process designing virtual worlds. I will through some example of work show how worlds, real and virtual are as much made as found, and how they can be used to challenged each other into new forms of experiences and expressions, of both physical and virtual spaces. Where the virtual space transformed into maps & instructions can challenge the physical with qualities that is very hard to achieve in the physical world itself, and in that conflict new insights and expressions can revealed. Today Hybrid creations have become a method for working with cultural production not only with different elements of form, but as blending identities of the creators as well, wanderlost support that process. We show how we from the virtual settings of the city of Traora we have extracted a series of walks as instructions and invited different co-creators to explore these algorithmical walks in their everyday surrounding in order to be surprised by rediscovery, using a digital camera/smartphone to capture and later communicate their findings. Allowing the unfamiliar to co-exist with the comfortably familiar. To create a process where digital worlds challenge and inspire digital expressions, tools and models with physical play and exploration. Supporting our long-term aim with research in new media is to set up design methods that can be used in a creative and collaborative process. We show how these findings played a crucial role designing the virtual city Traora. The wanderlost method turns everyday walks into discoveries of both urban contexts as well as ideas for possible virtual worlds.
Exploring the Use of a 3D Virtual Environment in Cultural Transmission to Show Chinese Cultural Project “Confucius' Journey” as an Example
Authors: Wei Yungang , Tan Xiaoye , Qin Xiaoran , Yu Xiaohang , Sun Bo , Zhu Xiaoming
Published: September 2015

The use of 3D virtual technology in cultural transmission has been more and more innovative and popular in the recent years. Meanwhile, with the high interactivity, experience of virtual technology deeply rooted in the people's hearts, the use of 3D virtual world in cultural transmission shows an evident advantage. Through scene construction and intelligent interaction in a 3D virtual world environment, we developed the project “Confucius' Journey”. And considering the problems in such applications, such as the lack of interaction and reduced effectiveness in representing the application purpose, we explored interactive objects and virtual human technology. In addition, we can verify the advantage of using the 3D platform via the experimental results.
Formatization Unleashed
Authors: Gehmann Ulrich , Zampella Marco , Wölfel Matthias
Published: September 2015

We propose the thesis that the evolution of information technology, which promises nearly unlimited possibilities, is actually not leading to an increase of individual freedom, but to the very opposite. Since a seemingly increase in individual user-freedom is accompanied by a de facto-increase in preformatted devices for achieving it, and hence, does lead to the actual decrease of this very freedom. All in all, the evolutionary process of information technology described in the following has led to an increasing number of abstraction layers the hierarchy of which can be interpreted as a pyramid of formats. The top of this pyramid is a format in itself that builds upon formats of lower layers. As the final consequence we as the users of these technologies are losing our actual degrees of freedom, with every layer introduced.
Principles of Information Accountability
Authors: Gajanayake Randike , Sahama Tony , Iannella Renato
Published: September 2015

Information accountability is seen as a mode of usage control on the Web. Due to its many dimensions, information accountability has been expressed in various ways by computer scientists to address security and privacy in recent times. Information accountability is focused on how users participate in a system and the underlying policies that govern the participation. Healthcare is a domain in which the principles of information accountability can be utilised well. Modern health information systems are Internet based and the discipline is called eHealth. In this paper, the authors identify and discuss the goals of accountability systems and present the principles of information accountability. They characterise those principles in eHealth and discuss them contextually. They identify the current impediments to eHealth in terms of information privacy issues of eHealth consumers together with information usage requirements of healthcare providers and show how information accountability can be used in a healthcare context to address these needs. The challenges of implementing information accountability in eHealth are also discussed in terms of our efforts thus far.
Evaluating Integrated eCare
Authors: Dyrvig Anne-Kirstine
Published: September 2015

Evaluation of projects on integrated eCare is key to implementation and widespread use. The evaluation must, though, be thorough and include research methods from multiple different research traditions simultaneously. This implies a necessity of knowledge from all research paradigms and understanding of proper reporting. In this chapter, guidance for evaluation of integrated eCare is provided, along with discussions of advantages and disadvantages related to certain decisions that must be made during the research process. As an aid for understanding, real-life examples of evaluation are provided to illustrate challenges and possible solutions throughout the chapter.
The SHEEP Model
Authors: Rosenorn-Lanng Deborah J. , Michell Vaughan A.
Published: September 2015

This chapter explains the development of a model, titled “SHEEP,” to identify quality and safety factors relating to near misses. The model allows frequency of risk factors and their impact to be analysed at departmental or institutional levels, which enables a structured focusing of resources at an organisational level.
To Adopt or Not to Adopt
Authors: Schwarz Colleen , Schwarz Andrew
Published: September 2015

For several decades the information systems field has studied the individual-level decision to adopt Information Technology (IT) with the primary goal of making it easier for organizations to derive value out of IT by increasing their effective and efficient use of the deployed IT. While the topic of non-adoption has been discussed within the literature, the focus in previous work has been upon the perceptions of the individual towards the innovation (or a micro-level of analysis), neglecting the broader context within which the adoption/non-adoption decision takes place (or a macro-level of analysis). However, what about situations in which there is institutional pressure influencing an adoption decision? This paper posits that institutional pressure external to an organization may alter the directionality and outcome of the decision. This study adopts the Technology-Organization-Environment framework to examine the context of a physician's decision about whether or not to adopt Electronic Medical Record (or EMR) technology. It reports on a multiple state study within the United States that examines the technology, organization, and environmental factors that discriminate between adopters and non-adopters.
Incorporating Usability Testing into the Development of Healthcare Technologies
Authors: Anders Shilo H. , Dexheimer Judith W.
Published: September 2015

The use of mobile devices in healthcare is increasing in prevalence and poses different constraints for use than traditional desktop computing. This chapter introduces several usability testing methods that are appropriate for use when designing and developing mobile technologies. Approaching the development of mobile technologies through a user-centered approach is critical to improve the interaction and use of the hardware and software that is implemented on a mobile platform in healthcare. User-centered design adds value by getting feedback about functionality, design, and constraints that need to be built into the system prior to its completion. Future work in this domain will require further tailoring and use of novel usability methods to evaluate and improve the design of mobile healthcare technologies.
Communication between Power Blackout and Mobile Network Overload
Authors: Reuter Christian
Published: September 2015

In cases of power outages the communication of organizations responsible for recovery work (emergency services, public administration, energy network operators) to the public poses several challenges, primarily the breakdowns of many communication infrastructures and therefore the limitations of the use of classical communication media. This paper surveys technical concepts to support crisis communication during blackouts. Therefore it first investigates the perception and information demands of citizens and communication infrastructures in different scenarios. Furthermore, it analyzes communication infrastructures and their availability in different scenarios. Finally it proposes ‘BlaCom', an ICT-based concept for blackout communication, which addresses the time span between the occurrence of the energy blackout and the possible overload of the mobile phone network. It combines general information with location-specific and setting-specific information, was implemented as a prototype smartphone application and evaluated with 12 potential end users.
Applying Social Aspects in Home Telecare Design to Improve the Safety of Users and Quality of Service
Authors: Chidzambwa Lawrence
Published: September 2015

Telecare enables remote and cost-effective home treatment of patients, improving the safety and quality of life of frail individuals. However, despite increased availability of telecare devices, many are not fully used and often ignored due to poor social perception and experience. The research suggests the social aspects of quality and safety related to user experience have not been considered. This can lead to misuse or non-use of telecare devices, reducing patient safety and quality of life. This chapter explores the implications for the lack of social considerations in telecare and develops a series of models and methodologies to integrate the social dimension with the traditional medical intervention focus. By applying semiotics and normative behavioural theory, the authors show how a Normative Home Telecare Framework can improve telecare solution design and ensure take up and use of the devices and increase patient safety and life quality.
Political Attitudes on the Dutch Electronic Patient Record
Authors: Mouw Evert
Published: September 2015

In the Netherlands, the introduction of a nationwide electronic patient record (EPR) infrastructure was rejected in 2011 after a heated political debate. Such debate is influenced by the political attitudes of politicians and voters, such as their trust in governments. The objective is to explore the relation between political attitudes of individuals and the priority they give to health privacy. The method is from a new survey that was developed; the Health Privacy and Political Attitudes Survey. The survey is as compatible as possible with a few well-known surveys. With 218 respondents enough data was collected for a first explorative study. Little correlations were found between political attitudes and the individual's priorisation of health privacy or their trust in a nationwide EPR. In general, most respondents valued their health privacy highly and trust in a nationwide EPR was low, irrespective of their political affiliation or their political attitudes. One exception were respondents with authoritarian attitudes. Such individuals had, on average, more trust in (government regulated) electronic records. More trust in the law correlates with less fear for problems with the EPR. Interestingly, higher educated and older respondents have, on average, the same level of trust in the EPR as others but are more apt to act when they distrust the system (opt-out). In general, political attitudes and one's trust in electronic patient records (EPRs) are not strongly related, but individuals who score high on authoritarian attitudes and trust in the law are more likely to also trust EPRs. Still, nearly everybody places a high value on health privacy, so EPR providers should be careful in this regard.
A Viewpoint of Security for Digital Health Care in the United States
Authors: Demurjian Steven A. , Algarín Alberto De la Rosa , Bi Jinbo , Berhe Solomon , Agresta Thomas , Wang Xiaoyan , Blechner Michael
Published: September 2015

In health care, patient information of interest to health providers, researchers, public health researchers, insurers, patients, etc., is stored in different locations via electronic media and/or hard-copy formats. All potential users need electronic access to health information technology systems such as: electronic health records, personal health records, patient portals, and ancillary systems such as imaging, laboratory, pharmacy, etc. Controlling access to information from multiple systems requires granularity levels of privileges ranging from one patient to a cohort to an entire population. In this paper, we present a viewpoint of the state of secure digital health care in the United States, focusing on the resources that need to be protected as dictated by legal entities and regulations, the available approaches in the present state-of-the art, and, the potential needs for the future of security for digital health care. By utilizing a real world scenario, the authors explore the limitations of health information exchange in the United States, and present one possible architecture for secure digital health care that builds on existing technology alternatives.
Enhancing Emergency Response Management using Emergency Description Information Technology (EDIT)
Authors: Erskine Michael A. , Pepper Will
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a novel approach toward facilitating the effective collection and communication of information during an emergency. Initially, this research examines current emergency response information workflows and emergency responder dispatch criteria. A process for the optimization of these workflows and criteria, along with a suggested method to improve data collection accuracy and emergency response time using a mobile device application, are suggested. Specifically, a design-science approach incorporating the development of an expert system designed to facilitate efficient and effective sharing of emergency information is applied. The resulting benefits could improve emergency communications during large-scale international gatherings, such as sporting events or festivals, as well as the sharing of industry-specific safety incidents. A process model for conducting analyses of additional emergency response processes is also presented. Finally, future research directions are discussed.
Improving the Treatment Outcomes for ADHD Patients with IS/IT
Authors: Binhadyan Bader , Troshani Indrit , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: September 2015

The key role for IS/IT in e-health has now been well established; however, within e-health the area of e-mental health is still new and emerging and scholars and practitioners alike are dubious as to the role for IS/IT and its benefits. We propose using Actor-network Theory (ANT) to assist in understanding the enabling role in e-mental health and we focus on one area of mental health, adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We focus on Saudi Arabia. Attention to ADHD has begun to gain growing attention from Saudi Arabia healthcare providers and researchers. Currently, there is an estimated 15% of school age children suffering from ADHD. More than half of these children are expected to continue to show the symptoms of ADHD through their adolescence and adulthood. ADHD impacts the quality of life these individuals. Technology has the potential to improve mental health services this can be seen in enabling early intervention or treatment for people with mental health issues. Saudi Arabia is investing heavily in e-health and aiming to build a complete patient electronic record by 2020.
Critical Success Factors in Health Information Technology Implementation
Authors: Hai Nguyen Thi Thanh , Tapanainen Tommi , Ishmatova Diana
Published: September 2015

Health Information Technology (HIT) implementation success factors are evolving and proliferating, making it difficult for both researchers as well as practitioners to focus their limited resources on narrowing down those factors that impact success the most. A nationwide survey conducted on Finnish information technology (IT) managers to evaluate the critical success factors (CSFs) for HIT implementation in the order of importance unveils (1) system quality, (2) service and information quality, and (3) the support of leaders to be among the top ranking CSFs. Finnish IT managers generally prioritize system-related success factors higher than collaboration-related success factors. This research is among the first to provide survey-based empirical foundation for success factor prioritization in HIT implementation. It also aims to unravel IT manager decision-making in CSF-ranking process. Further, it enables the identification of success factors, which are rated important but may not have yet been considered sufficiently. One counter-example is “the involvement of physicians as project champions,” which has often been seen as crucial to HIT implementation, although project champions were rated at the bottom of the CSF list being surveyed.
System Upgrade and Integration at a Medium-Sized Dental Clinic
Authors: Park Eun G. , Paris Benjamin
Published: September 2015

The implementation of electronic health records systems (EHRS) has a major impact on both clinical staff and physicians. However, it is difficult for small and medium sized clinics to adopt EHRS. Without proper mechanisms and methodologies in place, the transition is often slowed down for several reasons. In order to identify what issues and challenges are involved in transitions, this study was conducted to 1) investigate the current issues and perspectives of employees regarding a system upgrade, database integration and managerial efficiency in order to streamline daily business operations at a medium-sized dental clinic, and 2) suggest the best strategy to solve the identified problems and challenges. Interviews were conducted with administrative staff members, a dentist, a dental resident and the director of the clinic. Interviews were transcribed and grouped into two major categories: managerial efficiency and employees' responses toward system upgrade and integration.
Tracking Future Path of Consumers' Empowerment in E-Health
Authors: Anshari Muhammad , Almunawar Mohammad Nabil
Published: September 2015

Developments in ICT have created a new generation of networking technology that affects all areas, including healthcare. The use of ICT in healthcare organizations, for example in health information systems (HIS), has developed the same way as the wider landscape, and includes the use of Internet-based technology. The adoption of social network features as the ‘front end' of electronic health (e-health) systems is believed to boost sharing between consumers, leading to greater satisfaction. E-health is likely to become more consumer-centric, accommodating consumers' participation in the healthcare process, including decision-making. The government of Taiwan has successfully implemented a National Health Insurance (NHI) system as the foundation for e-health. Improvements in technology may drive changing consumer behavior concerning healthcare services. This paper addresses some important concepts, milestones, challenges, and future direction of consumer empowerment in Taiwan, and proposes that empowerment will be personal, social, and medical.
Information Systems in Healthcare with a Special Focus on Developing Countries
Authors: Abugabah Ahed , Afarraj Osama , Sansogni Louis
Published: September 2015

Information Systems offer tremendous opportunities to improve healthcare services. Thus far, they have a proven track record as a way to improve the quality of services, and work processes effectiveness. However, Health Information Systems can be inappropriately specified, having functional errors, being unreliable, and not user friendly. Such breakdowns may affect working processes and decisions of healthcare providers, resulting in potential harm to patients. This chapter will elaborate a number of important issues/problems related to Information Systems in healthcare with the aim of providing a deeper contextual insight into their application in healthcare and offer advice on the factors that should be considered when designing and evaluating them. The chapter aims at providing a literature review of Information Systems in healthcare and highlight the challenges Information Systems face in this domain by providing a significant review of Information System theory in healthcare.
Cloud-Based Healthcare Systems
Authors: Shawish Ahmed , Salama Maria
Published: September 2015

Healthcare is one of the most important sectors in all countries and significantly affects the economy. As such, the sector consumes an average of 9.5% of the gross domestic product across the most developed countries; they should invoke smart healthcare systems to efficiently utilize available resources, vastly handle spontaneous emergencies, and professionally manage the population health records. With the rise of the Cloud and Mobile Computing, a vast variety of added values have been introduced to software and IT infrastructure. This chapter provides a comprehensive review on the new Cloud-based and mobile-based applications that have been developed in the healthcare field. Cloud's availability, scalability, and storage capabilities, in addition to the Mobile's portability, wide coverage, and accessibility features, contributed to the fulfillment of healthcare requirements. The chapter shows how Cloud and Mobile opened a new environment for innovative services in the healthcare field and discusses the open research issues.
A Rare Case of Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Refractory Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Jehangir Waqas , Webb John , Singh Shilpi , Arshed Sabrina , Sen Shuvendu , Yousif Abdalla
Published: September 2015

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a variety of clonal abnormalities, possibly preleukemic and display numerous phenotypic manifestations. Specific mutations carry high morbidity and mortality rates due to cell line dysplasia. MDS commonly presents with symptoms related to anemia, and approximately two-thirds will develop thrombocytopenia, a rare, but potentially lethal complication that increases complexity in treatment and morbidity, and may be due to unique genetic mutations leading to refractory thrombocytopenia, ultimately leading to an overall reduction in survival. Careful identification and monitoring of this patient subdivision can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality, and potential identification of specific gene mutations and advances in treatment options will hopefully provide guidance on detecting at-risk patients in the future. We present a case of a man with MDS-U (karyotype 46, XY, del (20) (q11.2q13.3) (20) with no detected JAK2 V617F mutation), who in despite of appropriate evidenced based treatment, continued to exhibit refractory thrombocytopenia.
Acute Liver Failure in a Pediatric Patient with Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type I Treated with Deferasirox
Authors: Ling Galina , Pinsk Vered , Golan-Tripto Inbal , Ling Eduard
Published: September 2015

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDA) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by morphological abnormalities of erythroid precursor cells and various degrees of hemolysis. Iron overload is a result of continuous hemolysis and recurrent transfusions. It is treated with iron chelators, including deferasirox. We present here a case of acute liver failure in a 12 years old girl with CDA type I treated with deferasirox and discuss the approach to treatment.
An Overview of Iron in Term Breast-Fed Infants
Authors: Qasem Wafaa A. , Friel James K.
Published: September 2015

Background

Iron is an essential nutrient for normal growth and neurodevelopment of infants. Iron deficiency (ID) remains the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. There are convincing data that ID is associated with negative effects on neurological and psychomotor development.

Objectives

In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge of the importance of iron in normal term breast-fed infants with a focus on recommendations, metabolism, and iron requirements.

Conclusions

Health organizations around the world recommend the introduction of iron-rich foods or iron supplements for growing infants to prevent ID. However, there is no routine screening for ID in infancy. Multicenter trials with long-term follow-up are needed to investigate the association between iron fortification/supplementation and various health outcomes.
A supervised method for unbiased peer-to-peer evaluation. An experience with engineering students
Authors: Simois Francisco J.
Published: September 2015

Continuous evaluation is an assessment method which has some appealing advantages but also implies an increase of the teacher’s efforts and it may be unfeasible if the class is large.

Of course, new technologies may be used to implement automatized evaluations, but it is usually quite difficult to carry them out when a complex task like an engineering problem is to be judged.

An interesting alternative is a peer-to-peer evaluation, that is, the students themselves review their works. Nevertheless, one drawback is that it is likely that the grades are overrated. Although this is a well-known problem, not much effort is usually put into solving it. In this work we propose a novel method to limit this inconvenience, which is that the teacher randomly supervises a fraction of the students tasks.

In this paper we present the results of such an experience carried out in a Signal Processing course within a Robotics Engineering degree. More precisely, four different sets of problems were solved by the teacher in class. At the same time, they were peer-to-peer reviewed by the students, following the indications given by the professor. Later, when the random supervision is performed, a penalty is applied if a major flaw in a student’s evaluation is detected. Thanks to this strategy, the scores tended to be more and more accurate according to the teacher’s criteria.

Finally, the results of a survey anonymously fulfilled by the students to assess this experience are also presented.
Automated object-based classification of rain-induced landslides with VHR multispectral images in Madeira Island
Authors: Heleno S. , Matias M. , Pina P. , Sousa A. J.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. A method for semi-automatic landslide detection, with the ability to separate source and run-out areas, is presented in this paper. It combines object-based image analysis and a Support Vector Machine classifier on a GeoEye-1 multispectral image, sensed 3 days after the major damaging landslide event that occurred in Madeira island (20 February 2010), with a pre-event LIDAR Digital Elevation Model. The testing is developed in a 15 km2-wide study area, where 95 % of the landslides scars are detected by this supervised approach. The classifier presents a good performance in the delineation of the overall landslide area. In addition, fair results are achieved in the separation of the source from the run-out landslide areas, although in less illuminated slopes this discrimination is less effective than in sunnier east facing-slopes.
Learning within a Supportive Environment: Mentoring Skills
Authors: McDonald Lyn , Flint Annaline
Published: September 2015

New teachers moving into teaching need the critical support that teacher induction programmes provide them with. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the specific skills and particular knowledge mentor teachers require in supporting provisionally registered teachers’ (PRTs) learning. Data for this qualitative study were gathered from 17 mentor teachers using semi-structured individual interviews which were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach. In this paper it will be argued that the role of the mentor teacher is an important and significant one for PRTs. Findings from the study showed that there are specific skills and knowledge required by mentor teachers for effective mentoring with PRTs. These skills include the ability to communicate clearly and have personal skills of supportiveness and understanding of the PRTs’ learning. It is also necessary for mentor teachers to be reflective practitioners with knowledge of the curriculum and pedagogy. The findings have important implications for professional development, and practice in induction and mentoring programs.