bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Self-Management Features for Mobile Applications
Authors: Aggarwal Puneet Kumar , Grover P.S. , Ahuja Laxmi
Published: March 2019

With the increase in the number of smartphones, the use of mobile applications is growing dramatically in today's high-tech environment. With this high user demand, the quality of mobile applications is becoming a serious issue. With the perspective of quality enhancement, these applications must be smart enough so that they can handle any kind of issue automatically. Also, with the increasing complexity of these applications, they need to be more self-managed for better operability and interoperability. The self-management features allow handling issues such as error handling, optimization, resource utilization, configuration management etc. by its own. This will lead to the better functionality of mobile applications. The present research work proposes to incorporate autonomic capability as an attribute for assessing mobile applications. A multi-criteria decision-making approach named ELECTRE-TRI outranking method is used to evaluate the self-management aspect i.e. the autonomic capability of mobile applications to provide the quality estimation of mobile applications a better way.
Modelling the Impacts of Inter-City Connectivity on City Specialisation
Authors: Pierce David , Shepherd Simon , Johnson Daniel
Published: March 2019

There is a high level of interest in investing in inter-city connectivity schemes. The rationale for these schemes is improved economic performance through increased productivity, jobs, and output. The mobility costs of switching between sectors for labour and capital may limit the level of sectoral specialisation achieved and the associated positive productivity impacts through localisation effects. To investigate these impacts, a stylised stock and flow model of two cities has been developed. The model has two business service sectors and a 20-minute reduction in rail travel times is introduced to understand the dynamics and the extent of barriers to localisation benefits due to labour and capital mobility costs, and to understand the degree to which these can be unlocked through inter-city transport. The results show that mobility costs limit the potential for increased specialisation through investment in inter-city transport and that further specialisation is more likely to arise when the scheme effects differ between sectors and between cities.
Bourdieu e o dom
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo busca revisitar a teoria do dom, contudo, sem se resumir a uma reanálise dos dados trazidos por Mauss no Ensaio sobre a Dádiva. Objetivamos aqui debater as possibilidades de interpretação apresentadas na obra de Bourdieu a partir de dois eixos: a) o da compreensão da obrigação tripartite do ‘dar-receber-retribuir’, a partir do substrato teórico do sociólogo francês, entendendo esta enquanto uma predisposição construída socialmente; b) o da interpretação específica que o autor constrói sobre o dom, num esforço de desvelar o seu mistério, o que encontra-se em consonância com sua postura de ruptura epistemológica.
Naturalismo moral no Lucullus de M. T. Cícero: a virtutum cognitio e a perspicui adsensio contra o ceticismo de Carnéades de Cirene
Authors: Dambros Bruno Rodrigo
Published: March 2019

Neste artigo tratamos de dois trechos do texto Lucullus de Cícero –  Lucullus VIII 23 e XII 38-39 – onde há a apresentação de dois importantes conceitos para a compreensão de sua querela com o ceticismo de Carnéades de Cirene, a saber, as noções de virtutum cognitio e de perspicui adsensio. Após uma introdução onde situamos o texto de Lucullus dentro do contexto dos Academica e de sua íntima relação com o tema da lex naturalis, na primeira seção mostramos como Cícero se alinha com a tese socrática sobre a relação entre conhecimento e virtude. Na segunda seção tratamos da virtutum cognitio como uma noção moral conatural prévia à especulação. E na terceira seção tratamos da perspicui adsensio como uma noção predecessora da ação moral. Concluímos reiterando que estes dois trechos em questão devem ser compreendidos dentro do tema geral da epistemologia moral ciceroniana, que inclui seu jusnaturalismo, pondo-o, assim, como um autêntico naturalista moral.
TRATAMENTO DA DOENÇA DO DISCO INTERVERTEBRAL CERVICAL EM CÃO PELA ACUPUNTURA
Authors: Bobány Denise De Mello , Reis Miram De Oliveira , Mello Maria Leonora Veras de
Published: March 2019

A doença do disco intervertebral cervical é uma das causas de compressão medular frequentemente observada na clínica de pequenos animais, provocando dor e podendo levar à paralisia dos membros, dependendo da gravidade da lesão. O diagnóstico é feito através dos sinais clínicos, exames neurológicos e diagnóstico por imagem como ressonância magnética e tomografia. O tratamento pode ser conservador com base no confinamento, uso de analgésicos e acupuntura, e/ou cirúrgico com técnicas descompressivas. A acupuntura é um método terapêutico da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa, onde a inserção de agulhas finas em pontos específicos vai gerar um estímulo no Sistema Nervoso Central, promovendo o alívio da dor, redução do processo inflamatório local, e diminuição da compressão espinhal, promovendo o restabelecimento do paciente sem causar efeitos colaterais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar a eficácia da acupuntura na doença do disco intervertebral cervical, em um cão recebendo tratamento convencional sem resultado. O tratamento foi selecionado com base no diagnóstico pela Medicina Tradicional Chinesa. Foram realizadas dez sessões, e após a nona sessão houve melhora clínica do paciente, concluindo que a acupuntura foi eficaz para redução da dor e reabilitação motora do paciente.
Ultrassom terapêutico na regeneração nervosa – revisão sistemática e metanálise
Authors: Rossi Kaue Cesar
Published: March 2019

Objetivou-se através deste estudo avaliar e comparar os efeitos do ultra-som terapêutico (UST) nas modalidades pulsada e contínua na regeneração nervosa e estabelecer um parâmetro de dosimetria do aparelho para sua utilização através de uma revisão sistemática e metanálise. Foram realizadas pesquisas nos bancos de dados BIREME, CAPES, PEDro e MEDLINE, além de buscas manuais nas referências de estudos publicados sobre o assunto, entre o período de julho de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Os estudos foram analisados e selecionados de acordo com critérios de elegibilidade, onde foram incluídos apenas aqueles que realizaram indução do dano em nervos periféricos, submetidos a tratamento com UST contínuo ou pulsado e que apresentaram grupo controle. Foi avaliado o índice funcional do nervo ciático (IFC) e análise morfométrica. Dos 1.877 estudos encontrados, nove foram incluídos na revisão sistemática e três na metanálise sobre o IFC. O UST, nas modalidades contínua e pulsada, comparado com o grupo controle não apresentou diferença (p≥0,05) significativa para os tempos 0, 7 e 14 dias, entretanto, apresentou diferença significativa (p≤0,05) aos 21 dias. Os demais desfechos foram descritos de maneira qualitativa por apresentarem metodologias e unidades de medida diferentes, não podendo ser compilados.  Conclui-se que o UST possui efeitos positivos na regeneração nervosa quando comparados aos grupos controle principalmente quando aplicado na modalidade contínua, devido aos seus efeitos térmicos, porém, não sendo descartados seus efeitos na modalidade pulsada quando aplicado em baixas intensidades
Estudo retrospectivo das afecções geriátricas de cães e gatos em uma cidade de tríplice fronteira, entre os anos de 2014 a 2017.
Authors: Souza Aline Camila
Published: March 2019

Cães e gatos estão ganhando cada vez mais espaço dentro do círculo familiar. O forte vínculo desenvolvido tem levado seus tutores a buscarem melhores cuidados para seus pets, desta forma a população de ambas espécies tendem a aumentar sua expectativa de vida ao longo dos anos. O presente estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento de dados sobre as principais afecções que acometem pacientes geriátricos na clínica de pequenos animais. As informações obtidas foram provenientes de prontuários de pacientes com idade a partir de sete anos, no período entre 2014 a 2017. Os resultados possibilitaram conclui-se que, o perfil do paciente geriátrico atendido na clínica escola da UDC é na sua maioria cães fêmeas, diagnosticados com algum tipo de neoplasia, na faixa de 7 a 10 anos. A implantação de um programa geriátrico poderia conferir uma melhor conduta clínica ou cirúrgica para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes.Palavras-chave: geriatria, pequenos animais, patologias.
Immunization-Expanded NKT Follicular Helper Cells Drive IgG1 Isotype Switch against an Exogenous T-Independent Polysaccharide but Do Not Promote Recall Responses
Authors: Lang Gillian A , Amadou Amani Souwelimatou , Quinn James L , Axtell Robert C , Lang Mark L
Published: March 2019

The CD1d-binding glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) is a potent adjuvant that activates NKT cells and in turn enhances T-dependent humoral immunity. Very little is known about how NKT cells and the NKT follicular helper (NKTfh) subset influence the immune response to T-independent polysaccharides. In this study, we used a Cre-Lox approach to generate mice devoid of the Bcl6 master transcription factor in CD4 lineage cells and thus devoid of NKTfh cells but not total NKT cells. It was observed that α-GC–driven IgG1 class switch against a polysaccharide Ag was dependent on the NKTfh subset. However, α-GC was unable to stimulate a polysaccharide-specific Ab recall response. It was observed that NKT-derived IL-21 was able to exert limited influence on the IgG1 response and was therefore likely to work in concert with other factors. This work shows that α-GC–driven NKTfh cells can direct polysaccharide-specific B cell responses by promoting IgG1 class switch but do not provide signals needed for generation of polysaccharide-specific B cell memory.
Microalgae: the next best alternative to fossil fuels after biomass. A review
Authors: Bhagea Ritesh , Bhoyroo Vishwakalyan , Puchooa Daneshwar
Published: March 2019

It is expected that 84% of the global energy demands will be met through fossil fuels in 2030 due to increasing energy needs. However, due to their impact on the environment through the emission of anthropogenic green house gases, biofuels were introduced as alternative sources of energy. Biofuels of plant origin for the transport sector proved to be controversial due to competition for food production, fertile land and expensive production processes. As a secondary alternative, microalgae such as Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis sp. were found to be suitable candidates for liquid biofuels production. This review describes the production of transportation liquid biofuels from plant biomass and microalgae. Information is provided on how the controversies related to plant biomass lead to the use of algal biomass. The production processes involved in both generations are discussed and highlighted. Furthermore, details on the production of secondary products such as pigments, feed additives and valuable secondary metabolites are also provided.
A novel homozygous variation in the PANK2 gene in two Persian siblings with atypical pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Habibi Amir Hasan , Razmeh Saeed , Aryani Omid , Rohani Mohammad , Taghavian Laleh , Alizadeh Elham , Moradian Kokhedan Karim , Zaribafian Maryam
Published: March 2019

Pantothenate Kinase-associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by variation in pantothenate kinase-2 gene (PANK2) gene on chromosome 20. The common presentation of this disease includes progressive dystonia, Parkinsonism, retinopathy, cognitive impairment, and spasticity. The typical magnetic resonance imaging finding is eye of the tiger sign in globus pallidus and not pathogenic and not found in all patients. In the present study, we describe two siblings who have a novel variation of the PANK2 gene. These patients with the same genotype, have different ages at the onset of disease and also the various severity of the disease. The description of these cases helps to understand this disease, its symptoms, pathogenesis, and its treatment.
Microvertebrates from the Silurian–Devonian boundary beds of the Eastport Formation, Maine, eastern USA
Authors: Turner Susan , Burrow Carole J.
Published: March 2019

Agnathan and gnathostome remains, associated with lingulid brachiopod fragments and distinctive ostracods, have been extracted from a small calcareous mudstone sample collected from the type section of the Eastport Formation on the northern shore of Moose Island, Maine. The vertebrate assemblage includes osteostracan, anaspid, and thelodont scales, and acanthodian scales, spines and teeth, which support a late Pridoli, or possibly earliest Lochkovian, age for the stratum. The thelodont Paralogania denisoni n. sp. is described, associated with a single thelodont scale referred tentatively to Talivalia? sp. indet., and acanthodians Nostolepis striata, Gomphonchus sandelensis, andPoracanthodes punctatus in a fauna that shows similarities to late Pridoli assemblages in Britain, parts of Europe, Russia, Greenland, and arctic Canada.
Hochschild (co)homology of Koszul dual pairs
Authors: Herscovich Estanislao
Published: March 2019

In this article we prove that the Tamarkin–Tsygan calculus of an Adams connected augmented dg algebra and of its Koszul dual are dual to each other. This uses the fact that the Hochschild cohomology and homology may be regarded as a twisted convolution dg algebra and as a twisted tensor product, respectively. As an immediate application of this latter point of view we also show that the cup product on Hochschild cohomology and the cap product on Hochschild homology of a Koszul algebra is directly computed from the coalgebra structure of

\operatorname{Tor}_{\bullet}^{A}(k,k)

(the first of these results is proved differently in [2]).
Homelessness and HIV: A Combination Predictive of Poor Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes and in Need of Innovative Strategies to Improve Treatment Completion
Authors: Gómez Lina María , Paniagua-Saldarriaga Lizeth Andrea , Richert Quinlan , Keynan Yoav , Montes Fernando , López Lucelly , Rueda Zulma Vanessa
Published: March 2019

Antioquia Department is the state with the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in Colombia. Our aim was to determine the risk factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment in HIV-seropositive and homeless persons, compared with non–HIV-infected and non-homeless persons with TB. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using observational, routinely collected health data from all drug-susceptible TB cases in homeless and/or HIV-seropositive individuals in Antioquia from 2014 to 2016. Unsuccessful TB treatment was defined as individuals having been lost to follow-up, having died, or treatment failure occurrence during the study period. Successful treatment was defined as cure of TB or treatment completion according to the WHO definitions. We identified 544 homeless persons with TB (432 HIV− and 112 HIV+), 835 HIV+ persons with TB and non-homeless, and 5,086 HIV−/non-homeless people with TB. Unsuccessful treatment rates were 19.3% in HIV−/non-homeless persons, 37.4% in non-homeless HIV+ patients, 61.5% in homeless HIV− patients, and 70.3% in homeless HIV+ patients; all rates fall below End TB strategy targets. More than 50% of homeless patients were lost to follow-up. Risk factors associated with unsuccessful treatment were HIV seropositivity, homelessness, male gender, age ≥ 25 years, noncontributory-type health insurance, TB diagnosis made during hospitalization, and previous treatment for TB. These results highlight the challenge of treating TB in the homeless population. These findings should put an onus on TB programs, governments, clinicians, and others involved in the collaborative care of TB patients to pursue innovative strategies to improve treatment success in this population.
Case Report: Ocular Toxocariasis: A Report of Three Cases from the Mississippi Delta
Authors: Inagaki Kengo , Kirmse Brian , Bradbury Richard S. , Moorthy Ramana S. , Arguello Irene , McGuffey Charles D. , Tieu Brian , Hobbs Charlotte V.
Published: March 2019

Ocular toxocariasis can be vision threatening, and is commonly reported from tropical or subtropical regions. Knowledge of clinical manifestations from the United States, particularly in underserved areas such as the American South, is lacking. We report three cases of ocular toxocariasis in individuals from the Mississippi Delta, a rural community with prevalent poverty. Visual acuity was severely affected in two of the three cases. Increased awareness of ocular toxocariasis, which may have under-recognized frequency, will contribute to prompt diagnosis and treatment, which will ultimately improve patient health in the region.
Evaluation of the Reliability and Validity of the Brazilian Version of the Here’s How I Write:A Child’s Self-Assessment and Goal Setting Tool
Authors: Mendonça Alves Juliana Flores , Valladão Novais Van Petten Adriana M. , Cermak Sharon A. , de Castro Magalhães Lívia
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to translate the Here’s How I Write: A Child’s Self-Assessment and Goal Setting Tool (HHIW) to Portuguese; adapt it to the Brazilian culture; and analyze its reliability, validity, and clinical feasibility.

METHOD. The study was developed in two steps: adaptation of the HHIW to Brazilian Portuguese, followed by experimental application to examine its validity and reliability. The participants were 60 children and their teachers, divided into two groups: Group 1, whose members had handwriting difficulties, and Group 2, whose members did not.

RESULTS. Children with poor handwriting scored lower on the HHIW for both self- and teacher report. Test–retest reliability of the children’s (.96) and teachers’ (.93) questionnaires as well as internal consistency (.91 and .95, respectively) were excellent. There was good agreement (.74) between the children’s and teachers’ total scores.

CONCLUSIONS. This study adds further evidence of validity and reliability and supports the international use of the HHIW. The HHIW is a useful resource to engage children and teachers in a collaborative relationship to improve handwriting.
A mechanism for biogenic production and emission of MEK from MVK decoupled from isoprene biosynthesis
Authors: Cappellin Luca , Loreto Francesco , Biasioli Franco , Pastore Paolo , McKinney Karena
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is an important compound in atmospheric chemistry.
While attention has been paid mostly to anthropogenic sources of MEK,
recently it has been shown that biogenic sources are globally as important as
anthropogenic ones. However, the origin of biogenic MEK has yet to be
completely elucidated. We present the full mechanism by which within-plant
transformation of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and, to a minor extent, of
2-butanol and 3-buten-2-ol, is a source of biogenic MEK. Such transformation
is observed in red oak for both exogenous MVK, taken up from the atmosphere,
and endogenous MVK generated within a plant when it experiences stress (e.g. heat stress).
Endogenous MVK emitted by plants is typically explained by within-plant
oxidation of isoprene caused by oxidative stress. In this study we show that
MVK and MEK emissions caused by heat stress are not related to isoprene in
isoprene-emitting plants, implying that the massive carbon investment that
plants commit to isoprene production is not explained by a direct antioxidant
role. The presented mechanism can be important for inclusion in plant
emission and in plant–atmosphere interaction models.
Organosulfates in Atlanta, Georgia: anthropogenic influences on biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation
Authors: Hettiyadura Anusha Priyadarshani Silva , Al-Naiema Ibrahim M. , Hughes Dagen D. , Fang Ting , Stone Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Organosulfates are secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products that form from
reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), such as isoprene, in the
presence of sulfate that is primarily emitted by fossil fuel combustion. This
study examines the anthropogenic influence on biogenic organosulfate
formation at an urban site in Atlanta, Georgia (GA) in the southeastern
United States (US). Organosulfates were analyzed in fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) collected during August 2015 in Atlanta using hydrophilic
interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS),
and high-resolution time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometry. By their MS/MS
response, 32 major organosulfate species were identified, selected species
were quantified, and other species were semi-quantified using surrogate
standards. Organosulfates accounted for 16.5 % of PM2.5 organic carbon
(OC). Isoprene-derived organosulfates were the most abundant, dominated by
methyltetrol sulfate which accounted for 12.6 % of PM2.5 OC.
Together, the isoprene-derived organosulfates accounted for the majority of
the isoprene-derived SOA that had been previously observed in Atlanta, but
had not been identified at the molecular level. Other major species included
seven monoterpene-derived organosulfates, five diesel and/or
biodiesel-derived organosulfates, and three new organosulfates that are also
expected to derive from isoprene. Organosulfate species and concentrations in
Atlanta were compared to those in a rural forested site in Centreville,
Alabama (AL) during summer 2013, which were also dominated by
isoprene-derived organosulfates. In Atlanta, isoprene-derived organosulfate
concentrations were 2–6 times higher and accounted for twice as much
OC. The greatest enhancement in concentration was observed for
2-methylglyceric acid sulfate whose formation is enhanced in the presence of
nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2; NOx) and is a tracer for isoprene
high-NOx SOA. The isoprene-derived organosulfates indicated a stronger
influence of NOx in Atlanta compared to Centreville. Overall, these
results suggest that SOA in the southeastern US can be reduced by controlling
NOx and SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. This study gives
insights into the major organosulfate species that should be targets for
future measurements in urban environments and standard development.
Long-term lidar observations of the gravity wave activity near the mesopause at Arecibo
Authors: Yue Xianchang , Friedman Jonathan S. , Zhou Qihou , Wu Xiongbin , Lautenbach Jens
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Using 11-year-long K Doppler lidar observations of temperature
profiles in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) between 85 and
100 km, conducted at the Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico
(18.35∘ N, 66.75∘ W), seasonal
variations of mean temperature, the squared Brunt–Väisälä
frequency, N2, and the gravity wave potential energy (GWPE) are estimated in a composite
year. The following unique features are obtained. (1) The mean temperature
structure shows similar characteristics to an earlier report based on a smaller
dataset. (2) Temperature inversion layers (TILs) occur at 94–96 km in
spring, at ∼92 km in summer, and at ∼91 km in early autumn.
(3) The first complete range-resolved climatology of GWPE derived from temperature data in the tropical MLT exhibits an
altitude-dependent combination of annual oscillation (AO) and semiannual
oscillation (SAO). The maximum occurs in spring and the minimum in summer, and a
second maximum is in autumn and a second minimum in winter. (4) The GWPE per
unit volume reduces below ∼97 km altitude in all seasons. The
reduction of GWPE is significant at and below the TILs but becomes faint
above; this provides strong support for the mechanism that the formation of
upper mesospheric TILs is mainly due to the reduction of GWPE. The climatology
of GWPE shows an indeed pronounced altitudinal and temporal correlation with
the wind field in the tropical mesopause region published in the literature.
This suggests the GW activity in the tropical mesopause region should be
manifested mainly by the filtering effect of the critical level of the local
background wind and the energy conversion due to local dynamical instability.
Late Pliocene Cordilleran Ice Sheet development with warm Northeast Pacific sea surface temperatures
Authors: Sánchez-Montes Maria Luisa , McClymont Erin L. , Lloyd Jeremy M. , Müller Juliane , Cowan Ellen A. , Zorzi Coralie
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The initiation and evolution of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet is relatively poorly constrained. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 341 recovered marine sediments at Site U1417 in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Here we present alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) analyses alongside ice rafted debris (IRD), pollen, terrigenous and marine organic matter (OM) inputs to the GOA through the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. The first IRD contribution from tidewater glaciers in southwest Alaska is recorded at 2.9 Ma, indicating that the Cordilleran ice sheet extent increased in the late Pliocene. A higher occurrence of IRD and higher sedimentation rates in the GOA during the early Pleistocene, at 2.5 Ma, occur in synchrony with SSTs warming on the order of 1 °C relative to the Pliocene. All records show a high degree of variability in the early Pleistocene, indicating highly efficient ocean-climate-ice interactions through warm SST-ocean evaporation-orographic precipitation-ice growth mechanisms. A climatic shift towards ocean circulation in the subarctic Pacific similar to the pattern observed during negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) conditions today appears to be a necessary pre-requisite to develop the Cordilleran glaciation and increase moisture supply to the subarctic Pacific. The drop in atmospheric CO2 concentrations since 2.8 Ma is suggested as one of the main forcing mechanisms driving the Cordilleran glaciation.
GRUN: An observations-based global gridded runoff dataset from 1902 to 2014
Authors: Ghiggi Gionata , Humphrey Vincent , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Gudmundsson Lukas
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Freshwater resources are of high societal relevance and understanding their past variability is vital to water management in the context of current and future climatic change. This study introduces a global gridded monthly reconstruction of runoff covering the period from 1902 to 2014. In-situ streamflow observations are used to train a machine learning algorithm that predicts monthly runoff rates based on antecedent precipitation and temperature from an atmospheric reanalysis. The accuracy of this reconstruction is assessed with cross-validation and compared with an independent set of discharge observations for large river basins. The presented dataset agrees on average better with the streamflow observations than an ensemble of 13 state-of-the art global hydrological model runoff simulations. We estimate a global long-term mean runoff of 37 419 km3 yr−1 in agreement with previous assessments. The temporal coverage of the reconstruction offers an unprecedented view on large-scale features of runoff variability also in regions with limited data coverage, making it an ideal candidate for large-scale hydro-climatic process studies, water resources assessments and for evaluating and refining existing hydrological models. The paper closes with example applications fostering the understanding of global freshwater dynamics, interannual variability, drought propagation and the response of runoff to atmospheric teleconnections. The GRUN dataset is available from the ETHZ Research Collection at https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000324386 (Ghiggi et al., 2019).
Enhancement of large-scale flood damage assessments using
building-material-based vulnerability curves for an object-based
approach
Authors: Englhardt Johanna , de Moel Hans , Huyck Charles K. , de Ruiter Marleen C. , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. , Ward Philip J.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this study, we developed an enhanced approach for large-scale flood damage and risk assessments that uses characteristics of buildings and the built environment as object-based information to represent exposure and vulnerability to flooding. Most current large-scale assessments use an aggregated land-use category to represent the exposure, treating all exposed elements the same. For large areas where previously only coarse information existed such as in Africa, more detailed exposure data is becoming available. For our approach, a direct relation between the construction type and building material of the exposed elements is used to develop vulnerability curves. We further present a method to differentiate flood risk in urban and rural areas based on characteristics of the built environment. We applied the model to Ethiopia, and found that rural flood risk accounts for about 22 % of simulated damages; rural damages are generally neglected in the typical land-use-based damage models particularly at this scale. Our approach is particularly interesting for studies in areas where there is a large variation in construction types in the building stock, such as developing countries. It also enables comparison across different natural hazard types that also use material-based vulnerability, paving the way to the enhancement of multi-risk assessments.
Creating a national scale debris flow susceptibility model for Great Britain: a GIS-based heuristic approach
Authors: Bee Emma J. , Dashwood Claire , Pennington Catherine , Ciurean Roxana L. , Lee Katy
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Debris flows in Great Britain have caused damage to transport infrastructure, buildings, and disruption to businesses and communities. This study describes a GIS-based heuristic model developed by the British Geological Survey (BGS) to produce a national scale spatial assessment of debris flow susceptibility for Great Britain. The model provides information on the potential for debris flow occurrence using properties and characteristics of geological materials (permeability, material availability and characteristics when weathered), slope angle and proximity to stream channels as indicators of susceptibility. Building on existing knowledge, the model takes into account the presence or absence of glacial scouring. As determined by the team of geologists and geomorphologists, the model ranks the availability of debris material and slope as the two dominant factors important for potential debris flow initiation, however it also considers other factors such as geological controls on infiltration. The resultant model shows that over 90 % of the mapped debris flows in the BGS inventory occurred in areas with the highest potential for instability and approximately 6 % were attributed to areas where the model suggested that debris flows are unlikely or not thought to occur. Model validation in the Cairngorm Mountains indicated a better performance, with 93.50 % in the former and less than 3 % in the latter category. Although the quality of the input datasets and selected methodological approach bear limitations and introduce a number of uncertainties, overall, the proposed susceptibility model performs better than previous attempts, representing a useful tool in the hands of policy-makers, developers and engineers to support regional or national scale development action plans and disaster risk reduction strategies.
Integrating large-scale hydrology and hydrodynamics for nested flood
hazard modelling from the mountains to the coast
Authors: Hoch Jannis M. , Eilander Dirk , Ikeuchi Hiroaki , Baart Fedor , Winsemius Hessel C.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Fluvial flood events were, are, and will remain a major threat to people and infrastructure. Typically, flood hazard is driven by hydrologic or river routing and floodplain flow processes. Since they are often simulated by different models, coupling these models may be a viable way to increase the physicality of simulated inundation estimates. To facilitate coupling different models and integrating across flood hazard processes, we here present GLOFRIM 2.0, a globally applicable framework for integrated hydrologic-hydrodynamic modelling. We then tested the hypothesis that smart model coupling can advance inundation modelling in the Amazon and Ganges basins. By means of GLOFRIM, we coupled the global hydrologic model PCR-GLOBWB with the hydrodynamic models CaMa-Flood and LISFLOOD-FP. Results show that replacing the kinematic wave approximation of the hydrologic model with the local inertia equation of CaMa-Flood greatly enhances accuracy of peak discharge simulations as expressed by an increase of NSE from 0.48 to 0.71. Flood maps obtained with LISFLOOD-FP improved representation of observed flood extent (critical success index C = 0.46), compared to downscaled products of PCR-GLOBWB and CaMa-Flood (C = 0.30 and C = 0.25, respectively). Results confirm that model coupling can indeed be a viable way forward towards more integrated flood simulations. However, results also suggest that the accuracy of coupled models still largely depends on the model forcing. Hence, further efforts must be undertaken to improve the magnitude and timing of simulated runoff. Besides, flood risk is, particularly in delta areas, driven by coastal processes. A more holistic representation of flood processes in delta areas, for example by incorporating a tide and surge model, must therefore be a next development step of GLOFRIM, making even more physically-robust estimates possible for adequate flood risk management practices.
La "geografía creadora": reflexiones sobre el montaje cinematográfico de los filmes "Madrid" e "Innisfree"
Authors: Sangro Pedro , Medina Juan
Published: March 2019

Uno de los experimentos llevados a cabo por el cineasta y teórico Lev Kuleshov, conocido bajo el nombre de “geografía creadora”, propone que el montaje cinematográfico es capaz de producir un espacio imaginario en la mente del espectador, mediante la yuxtaposición de imágenes pertenecientes a distintas coordenadas espacio-temporales. Asumiendo ese legado teórico, el trabajo propone un análisis textual fílmico centrado en la revisión de dicho espacio ficcional en dos ensayos audiovisuales del cine de los años ochenta: Madrid e Innisfree. En ambos casos el montaje edifica un discurso metalingüístico que emplea textos cinematográficos pretéritos destinados a estimular la participación afectiva del espectador para la generación de una geografía creadora. Si en Madrid el montaje construye una geografía en conflicto entre el pasado republicano de la ciudad durante la Guerra Civil y su presente democrático en la primera etapa socialista, en Innisfree la geografía funciona como un gozne entre su presente real y etnográfico y el pasado ficcional del filme de John Ford El hombre tranquilo, rindiendo homenaje a la auténtica geografía que albergó sus localizaciones y, simultáneamente, a los habitantes de la Irlanda mitificada en la película.
Opportunities for Agricultural Trade in the Context of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Aamir , Razzaq Amar , Aslam Muhammad , Gulzar Muhammad Faisal , Naseer Muhammad Asad ur Rehman , Nisar Nimra
Published: March 2019

The CPEC provides new avenues for agricultural trade between Pakistan and China. In this context, this study aims to explore the opportunities for trade between Pakistan, China, and the Central Asian States. To this end, the study analyzed the structure of agricultural exports and imports of Pakistan with China and the Central Asian States. China’s share in the production of agricultural commodities is dominant in the world. China’s per acre yield of pulses has the highest position in the world. The structure of Pakistan imports revealed that Pakistan spends billions of rupees on the imports of agricultural commodities. China’s import structure revealed that it spends billions of dollars on the imports of maize, wheat, rice, horticultural fruits, and vegetables. The Central Asian states also import wheat, meat products, agricultural inputs, and horticultural commodities from neighboring countries. The export/import volume of China with the Central Asian states has an almost equal share. However, the results indicate that there is a large gap between China and Pakistan’s export and import shares. China has a higher share of imports while Pakistan has low export share with China. The study recommends to the policymakers that the volume of export should be increased with China as well as the Central Asian states.
Genetic diversity of Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus in red raspberries from Serbia
Authors: Jevremović Darko , Leposavić Aleksandar , Paunović Svetlana A
Published: March 2019

Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus (RLBV) is a recently characterised virus infecting raspberries reported in several European countries. RLBV causes yellow blotching, the distortion of leaf margins, and the twisting of raspberry leaves. For a long time, similar symptoms were attributed to the feeding damage caused by raspberry leaf and bud mite (Phyllocoptes gracilis). From 2014−2017, a large-scale survey was conducted in Serbia to investigate the degree of association of the observed symptoms with the RLBV infection. A total of 98 symptomatic and asymptomatic samples were collected from 30 locations. All collected samples were tested on the RLBV presence by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using three sets of RNA-specific primers targeting RNA-1, RNA-3, and RNA-5 of the RLBV genome. RT-PCR analysis revealed high incidence of RLBV in tested samples (68.7%). RLBV was confirmed in raspberries ‘Fertödi Zamatos’, ‘Glen Ample’, ‘Meeker’, ‘Polana’, ‘Tulameen’ and ‘Willamette’. Twenty-one isolates were selected for sequencing the portion of the nucleocapsid (NC) gene. The nucleotide sequences of the isolates showed 93.2−100% identity. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed significant genetic variability of the Serbian RLBV isolates based on the nucleocapsid-encoding sequences and revealed the existence of two main clusters. Phylogenetic analysis of the 45 RLBV sequences from Finland, Slovakia, Scotland, and this study also confirmed the existence of two main clusters of isolates.
Impact of Hospital Breast Feeding Awareness Among Lactating Mothers in Maternal and Children Hospital, AL-Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Takrouni Esra O. , Al Dawlah Rawabi A. , Khalifah Shaimaa , Ali Gihan Y. , Al-Aithan Farah M.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND & AIM: Insufficient knowledge and practice of breastfeeding may have serious disadvantages both on mother and child health. This study explores methods used in MCH based breastfeeding awareness program, level of benefit gained by newly delivered mothers after receiving the awareness, and the impact of mother’s sociodemographic on the level of perceived benefit gained by them.

SUBJECTS & METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study applying random sampling technique was established. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed targeting newly delivered mother in maternal and child hospital in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. It included two main parts: socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers, and questions related to the hospital breastfeeding awareness program.

RESULTS: from the overall sample, hospital awareness was received by 47.5% of newly delivered mothers. The most common method to provide the knowledge was the Verbal demonstration representing 50% of the mothers. They were followed by brochures representing 39% and last, audios constituting only 3.6%. From these methods, the verbal demonstration showed to be the one with the highest level of satisfaction and benefit reaching up to 85%.

CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding awareness has a significant impact among both newly and non-newly delivered mothers with Hospitals playing a major role in this health education. The choice of method to provide breastfeeding awareness can contribute to the compliance of mothers as well as the level of their benefit and satisfaction.
Failure of Research-Based Learning Implementation in Basic Education
Authors: Rattanaprom Wattana
Published: March 2019

This study focuses on identifying the barriers and obstruction factors of Research-Based Learning (RBL) which was implemented in the schools under “Pohpanpanya” Youth Researcher Development Research Program. RBL consists of three domains: Contemplative Education (CE), System Thinking (ST) and Professional Learning Community (PLC). Those are processes of coaching and mentoring master teachers (MTs) to coach and facilitate their students for RBL. This research program was implemented in ten volunteering schools which were substantially improving the learning outcomes of their students. However, being a relatively new mode of teaching the management of the teaching and learning processes remains a challenge especially with the four main barriers; 1) teacher mindset 2) teaching methodology 3) curriculum design, and 4) academic leadership.
Empirical Analysis of Cognitive Dissonance Levels Validation in 3-Dimensional Relationship between Attitude and Behaviour (3D-RAB) Model among Students of King Abdul-Aziz University in Jeddah
Authors: Hassan Abdulfattah Fattheia
Published: March 2019

The study aims to empirically validate the cognitive dissonance levels in the model. A deductive approach has been adopted to measure the validity of cognitive dissonance levels. The main areas of concerns were; current behaviour, attitude towards the target behaviour, attitude towards change or maintain the behaviour, and cognitive dissonance levels. These concepts were examined through a questionnaire analysis. A deductive method has been used to empirically validate the cognitive dissonance levels, which have been proposed in the 3D-RAB model as well as indicate its implication on the persuasive paths. The model suggested that users would experience different level of dissonance for each state. The findings indicated that it is possible that individuals vary in the level and extent in which they experience dissonance. It was also found that there might be other factors that influence the cognitive dissonance levels in relation to the model.
Cooperation of a three-phase transformer with non-linear load
Authors: Daniluk Mateusz , Drabek Tomasz , Lerch Tomasz
Published: March 2019

The paper presents the theoretical basics and the derivation of the American standard expression used to determine the thermally permissible current of three-phase dry transformers with nonlinear loads. The results of the measurement verification of this expression are presented, with different shapes of loading currents of the dry transformers under test. The results of the tests confirmed the correctness of the expression for contemporary transformers only.
New achievements in the mineral studies by use of the Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: JARMOŁOWICZ-SZULC Katarzyna , WOŁKOWICZ Krystyna
Published: March 2019

By the means of the technique of the Raman microspectrometry, the complex history of the Earth can be better understood. That is why the Raman spectra determinations are the object of interest in the present paper. The examples of such experiments are presented based on the analyses performed in last years in different scientific centers (Potsdam, Banská Bystrica, Budapest). The identification of inclusion content is shown and the conclusions are drawn for fluid inclusions in some quartz samples from two different localities in Poland – in the Carpathians and in the Fore-Sudetic Block. The implications of the Raman analyses are discussed. It results from the Raman analyses performed that not fluorescing, gas-filled bubbles of huge fluid inclusions from the Jabłonki and Rabe vicinity (the tectonic mélange zone in the Carpathians) have the complex composition of CH4, CO2 and N2 in different mutual proportions dependent on the sample and locality. In another place, despite the fluorescing background, only methane has been identified by Raman spectra. Similar gas composition was determined in the inclusions in the vein quartz in the Wądroże Wielkie area (the Fore-Sudetic Block).
Cidades e Mudanças Climáticas: planejamento urbano e governança ambiental nas sedes das principais regiões metropolitanas e regiões integradas de desenvolvimento / Cities and Climate Change: urban planning and environmental governance in the central municipalities of Brazil’s leading metropolitan regions and integrated development regions
Authors: Sathler Douglas , Paiva Julio Cesar , Baptista Sandra
Published: March 2019

Este estudo traz uma avaliação sobre a atuação e o nível de organização das cidades mais proeminentes do país frente a crescente mobilização internacional em prol de ações locais de mitigação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas. Apresenta uma investigação sobre a existência de iniciativas de planejamento e de governança, leis específicas municipais e arranjos institucionais voltados às mudanças climáticas nas sedes das Regiões Metropolitanas de Belém, Belo Horizonte, Campinas, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Goiânia, Manaus, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Paulo e Vitória, além da RIDE Brasília. O estudo revelou a existência de vários níveis de envolvimento por parte das administrações locais na implementação das iniciativas investigadas. No geral, existe uma predominância das iniciativas locais de mitigação e as ações de adaptação se encontram difusas no âmbito municipal.Palavras–chave: Cidades, Mudanças climáticas, Planejamento, Governança, Arranjos institucionais.Abstract The study presents a thorough investigation into the existence of planning initiatives and governance, specific municipal laws and institutional arrangements geared toward climate change in the headquarters of the metropolitan regions of Belém, Belo Horizonte, Campinas, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Goiânia, Manaus, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Paulo and Vitória, as well as RIDE Brasília. The analysis of documents collected revealed the existence of various levels of involvement by local authorities in the implementation of the investigated initiatives. In general, there is a predominance of local mitigation initiatives, and adaptation actions are diffuse within the public sphere.Keywords: Cities, Climate change, Planning, Governance, Institutional arrangements.
SALAMA, Pierre. ¿La tormenta em América Latina Hacia donde van las economias de la región?. 1 ª Ed. Jalisco – México: Universidad de Guadalajara; El Colegio de La Frontera Norte, 2016, 335p.
Authors: Nunes Adriana , Batalha Eryck De Jesus Furtado , Ribeiro Domingos Antonio
Published: March 2019

O autor nos chama ao contexto da ampla “problemática” da globalização, a fim de contribuir para esclarecer e nortear alternativas ao imbróglio. A globalização tem se mostrado o argumento de encaixe perfeito para justificar a eclosão e persistência das crises econômicas mundiais nos últimos anos, em especial na América Latina.O destaque da análise realizada por Pierre Salama, entretanto, está em desmontar tal tese, mostrando capítulo a capítulo que, apesar da importância das transformações concernentes ao processo de globalização – que torna a crise atual distinta de todas as anteriores – este não está sozinho, mas divide protagonismo com a ausência de políticas industriais e com a imobilidade de mudanças que deveriam ultrapassar soluções de ordem técnico-econômicas, demandando reformas estruturais próprias de uma ruptura política para estarem á altura desta “nova crise”. O autor explica e demonstra, por meio de um amplo conjunto de dados e concatenações que a globalização seria, por sua vez, um conjunto de oportunidades novas que podem resultar favoráveis ou desfavoráveis de acordo com as políticas que os governos adotam (SALAMA, 2016:13).