bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dry-coupled ultrasound phased array inspection of as-built complex geometry metal additive manufactured components
Authors:   University of Strathclyde, Zimermann Rastilav , Rizwan Muhammad Khalid , Loukas Charalampos , Vasilev Momchil , Mohseni Ehsan , Vithanage Randika K.W. , Macleod Charles N. , Pierce Gareth ,   University of Strathclyde, Pimentel Misael , Halavage Stephen , McKegney Scott ,   University of Strathclyde, Williams Stewart , Ding Jialuo ,   University of Cranfield
Published: November 2023

Growing demand for smart and flexible factories, producing high-value components cost-effectively has driven the development of large-scale metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes such as Wire+Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). To match the strengths of metal AM, a novel high-temperature dry-coupled ultrasound roller-probe was developed to facilitate quality assurance, deployed in-process. In this work, the authors present novel work and research from the field of an automated dry-coupled ultrasound in-process NDE. During the experiments, a titanium complex-shaped WAAM, featuring characteristic geometries and a range of flat bottom holes in critical locations drives the development of an NDE strategy deployable on real as-built WAAM geometries. The outcome of this work demonstrates a novel knowledge applicable to path planning strategy for the best ultrasound wave propagation into critical locations within a specimen along with further enhancements applied to the existing robotic NDE system.
Evolving an Advanced Ultrasonic Spectroscopy Technique for Composite Damage Detection through Thick Attenuative Coatings
Authors:   Kratos Defense & Rocket Support Services, Chambers Janelle K. , Aldrin John C. ,   Computational Tools, Buynak Charles F. ,   Air Force Research Laboratory,
Published: November 2023

Recent work has shown the potential of an ultrasonic spectroscopy method (UltraSpecTM) for the detection of impact damage in composite materials with thick specialty coatings where traditional NDE methods have been unsuccessful. This paper describes challenges posed with technology development and highlights the evolution of the UltraSpec inspection approach and data analysis techniques.
Feasibility of Corrosion Monitoring in Buried Electrical Poles Using Magnetostrictive Guided Wave Sensors
Authors:   Southwest Research Institute, Vinogradov Sergey , Akimov Nikolay , Bartels Keith ,   Southwest Research Institute
Published: November 2023

For the last five decades, tubular steel monopoles have been widely used by the utility industry to support electrical transmission and distribution lines. The cross-sectional shape of the poles ranges from circular to polygonal with 4 to 12 sides. The foundations of the poles are buried in the ground with the underground section being up to 20 feet long. Because of moisture penetration and other factors, the underground section develops generalized corrosion which can cause structural failures. Above ground sections of the poles also develop corrosion but, due to direct access, these areas can be inspected using conventional NDE methods. Due to the large number of these poles, replacement should be based on preliminary assessment of the integrity of the underground and above ground sections. Ultrasonic guided wave technique has the advantage compared to most other NDE techniques of being able to inspect the buried and above-ground sections of the pole from a single probe installed at suitable location (typically 2-3 ft above ground). Guided wave testing utilizing piezoelectric or magnetostrictive collars is considered well developed for screening the above-ground and buried sections of pipelines. However, utilizing conventional guided wave collars was found to be difficult because of the complex polygonal shapes and large (up to 80 inches) diameters. This paper presents an approach utilizing magnetostrictive transducers taking advantage of magnetically soft ribbons such as FeCo and Nickel for accomplishing higher signal amplitudes. The SH0 guided wave mode was used in the frequency range 30 – 100 kHz. Probe designs are light weight and allow scans both in a single direction or multidirectional scans using MsT360 probes. Using the omnidirectional probe resulted in fast screening of underground and above-ground sections of the poles. Test data from poles in different conditions will be presented together with challenges addressed in analysis algorithms.
Focusing Imaging Methods Applied to Ultrasound Data in the Context of Nuclear Safety
Authors:   TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Büttner Christoph , Lay Vera , Niederleithinger Ernst ,   Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Buske Stefan ,   TU Bergakademie Freiberg
Published: November 2023

imaging results need to be as clear and distinct as possible. Ambiguities often arise from imaging artifacts or noise and may lead to fatal misinterpretation, particularly in the field of nuclear safety. We applied focusing migration methods from seismic imaging to synthetic and real ultrasound data and achieved an almost perfect artifact elimination. Our test object is an engineered barrier where images of deep reflectors are required. The measurement was realized using a tailored ultrasonic system which allows for large source-receiver offsets.
Generation of realistic guided wave signals through modelling
Authors:   Imperial College London, Xu Panpan , Huthwaite Petert ,   Guided Ultrasonics Ltd., Jones Robin ,   Imperial College London
Published: November 2023

Guided wave structural health monitoring (SHM) using permanently installed sensors is promising for long-term damage detection in pipe structures. However, the reliability estimation of guided wave SHM systems is needed before their widespread deployment in industry. Experiment-based reliability estimation is prohibitively expensive due to the high cost of data collection. Alternatively, numerical simulation is a promising solution for data generation. For reliability estimation purposes, it is essential to represent the noise features in the simulation-generated data, as noise may mask signals scattered from defects, hence reducing the reliability of the system. Therefore, this study proposes a numerical framework for the generation of realistic guided wave signals for reliability estimation applications. Specifically, the imbalance of transducer performance is incorporated into the simulation for the representation of coherent noise in guided wave signals. The proposed framework has been demonstrated and validated by comparing them with experimental signals. The generation of realistic guided wave signals through modelling makes it possible to estimate the reliability of a guided wave SHM system in more versatile and effective ways.
Influences of uniaxial loads on local resonances in rails
Authors:   University of Utah, Wu Yuning , Zhang Keping , Zhu Xuan ,   University of Utah, Popovics John ,   University of Illinois
Published: November 2023

The deficiency of rail stress management in continuous welded rails could lead to rail buckling or pull-apart, which can seriously jeopardize rail safety. Federal Rail Administration (FRA) safety report indicates “track alignment irregularities (buckled/sun kink)” is one of the leading causes within the track-related category for rail accidents [1]. Therefore, managing risks of rail buckling and pull-apart due to thermal stress is important to ensure rail safety. In the past decades, significant effort has been invested by both industry and academic communities for rail axial stress estimation [2]. The existence of local resonances formed by zero-group velocity (ZGV) and cutoff frequency points in rails has been verified, which can be utilized to monitor local structural conditions [3,4], such as axial loads. In this work, the axial loads’ effect on local resonances in rails was investigated through experimental studies.
Kriging Accelerated MAPoD Analysis of Surface Flaws with Eddy Current Simulation Yang Bao1 and Jiming Song2
Authors:   Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Bao Yang , Song Jiming ,   Iowa State University
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the Kriging metamodel is applied to accelerate the model assisted probability of detection (MAPoD) analysis for surface flaws in eddy current nondestructive testing (ECNDT). The kernel degeneration (KD) algorithm accelerated boundary element method (BEM) EC simulation solver is selected as the physical model to generate the responses of the surface flaws in the conducting plate considering the propagations of uncertain parameters. The predicted PoD metrices by Kriging metamodel are compared well with the ones from pure physical model. Numerical results show that to reach the required accuracy, as compared with the pure BEM based physical model, Kriging metamodel can accelerate the MAPoD analysis for ECNDT problems.
Mixed Regularization for Damage Localization Using Electrical Impedance Tomography in Three Dimensional Composite Materials
Authors:   University of Cincinnati, Paialunga Piero , Haslinger Stewart G. ,   University of Liverpool, Shi Fan ,   University of Science and Technology, Corcoran Joseph ,   University of Cincinnati
Published: November 2023

Time of Flight Diffraction (ToFD) is a widely used technique for determining the size of defects. The accuracy of the defect sizing may be undermined by the considerable variation between A-scans caused by the surface roughness of defects; this uncertainty can lead to underestimating the severity of damage and non-conservative structural integrity assessments. The effect of surface roughness on ToFD has been studied previously through stochastic finite element, where the A-scans from a number of randomly generated defects are calculated and subsequent uncertainty statistics estimated. The stochastic finite element approach is limited by the complexity of the model and therefore the number of defects that can be studied in a reasonable amount of time. In this paper we build on the stochastic finite element approach by using the limited amount of data produced by stochastic finite element to train a machine learning surrogate model that can then replace the finite element code. The surrogate learns the relationship between defect and A-scan, and so given a new defect it can produce the new A-scan. The significant benefit is that the surrogate model produces the result in milliseconds, as opposed to >10minutes for the FE simulation. In this way very large numbers of results can be run near-instantaneously allowing for better informed statistics and exploration of larger parameter sets. This paper will outline the progress to date and summarize key results.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Nylon/Carbon-Fiber Additively Manufactured Components using Rotational Eddy Current Testing
Authors: Newton Matthew , Gravagne Ian , Fleck Trevor , Wilkins Jackson ,   Baylor University
Published: November 2023

Polymer filament-based material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as fused filament fabrication (FFF), is a quickly growing method of production which specializes in custom components with geometrically complex features. Nondestructive testing (NDT) has the potential to play a vital role in advancing FFF to producing functional components for critical applications. To date, defects such as incomplete interlayer bonding,inter-layer void content, and intra-bead porosity content can all be present even under the most effective parameters. However, an inability to capture said defects through effective NDT strategies has limited the functional abilities of AM components. In this study, customized high-frequency Eddy Current Testing (ECT) has been used to characterize various aspects of as-manufactured AM components, such as raster orientation, fiber content and extrusion multiplier. The FFF process was used to generate single layer coupons using an Essentium HSE 180-HT. The effect of carbon fiber content as well as that of extrusion multiplier, which simulates varying amounts of inter-layer void content, on the ECT response of the samples was explored using a nylon filament feedstock with 15 wt% and 25 wt% carbon fiber content. The experiment displayed distinguishable results from EC scan data for individual samples which correlate with the varied printing parameters.
Ultrasonic Characterization of Laser Brazed Joints Using Adaptive Total Focusing Method with Comparison to CT Datasets
Authors: Oullette Andrew , Shinas Dimitrios , Maev Roman G. ,   Institute for Diagnostic Imaging Research, Ghaffari Bita , Hetrick Elizabeth ,   Ford Motor Company
Published: November 2023

Non-destructive testing of laser brazed joints offers numerous advantages in the automotive sector. Currently, in addition to visual testing, the joint cross sectioning needed for quality assurance generates large amounts of scrap, resulting in significant associated costs. In this work, we present the improvements made to detailed characterization of a novel ultrasound array based inspection system, which has been found to be a potential alternative to the current method of cross sectioning. The development of a dataset using computed tomography has been shown to allow for a comparative measurement with the ultrasonic images, for future automated characterization systems to be developed.
Determining the third-order elastic constants with the thermal induced velocity change of bulk and Rayleigh wave
Authors:   University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Zeng Shengyang ,   Central South University,, Malone Clayton , Zhu Jinghying ,   University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a new method to determine the third-order elastic constants (l, m, and n) using thermally induced ultrasonic bulk (longitudinal and shear) and Rayleigh wave velocity changes. The equations of relative wave velocity changes of bulk and Rayleigh waves caused by homogeneous temperature variation in an isotropic medium are presented. Two materials (Aluminum 6061 and SS304 stainless steel) were tested using the thermal modulation test and the uniaxial compression test. The measured relative velocity changes in the thermal modulation test were used to correct the temperature effect on the results of the compression test. The results show that the third-order elastic constants determined from the thermal modulation test agree with the experimental values from the uniaxial compression acoustoelastic test.
Phase Characterisation of Nickel-based Superalloys using Ultrasound
Authors: Joblin Jennifer , Lowe Michael J. S. , Lan Bo ,   Imperial College London
Published: November 2023

Nickel-based superalloys, which are widely used in engineering applications (especially in aerospace engines and power plants), undergo microstructural phase changes at elevated temperatures, resulting in changes of mechanical properties which could compromise safety of the components. Existing techniques to evaluate the phase changes of superalloys are typically destructive and costly, and this paper aims to develop a non-destructive, rapid and inexpensive evaluation method using ultrasound. The theoretical foundation of the development is first introduced, followed by the experimental configurations including the ultrasonic scanning platform and sample preparations; finally, preliminary results are obtained using both ultrasonic and microscopic optical scans, on a range of samples that have undergone various heat treatment histories. The results show that the ultrasonic responses have a clear correlation with the microstructure of the materials, a positive indication of the viability of the proposed method.
Porosity area fraction analysis of bonded borosilicate specimens from in-situ optical imagery
Authors: Spaeth Peter W. , Webster Matthew R. ,   NASA Langley Research Center
Published: November 2023

Image segmentation methods are routinely used to analyze data derived in nondestructive testing scenarios. A typical problem in this area is to estimate porosity from X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) inspections. This investigation aims to understand the effectiveness of open-source image segmentation methods for porosity estimation from optical images in the context of strength analysis of bonded materials and provides a benchmark of performance against a standard commercial software package. The rank ordering of the specimens by porosity area fraction is consistent across both methods.
Portable triple layer single-exposure spectral X-ray detector for non-destructive test X-ray imaging applications
Authors: Tilley II Steven , Larocca Curtis , Allan Gary , Harp Jim ,   KA Imaging, Karim Karim S. ,   KA Imaging,   University of Waterloo
Published: November 2023

Dual-energy subtraction (DES) imaging is well known to subtract materials of different atomic numbers (e.g. high Z and low Z values) and thus, enable material classification. Current approaches to DES imaging have trade-offs, such as motion artifacts, low sensitivity due to losses in a mid-filter, and a lack of portability. Recently, a portable triple-layer flat panel detector (FPD) was demonstrated for use in single-shot diagnostic medical DES imaging that could simultaneously provide improved sensitivity and removal of patient motion artifacts. In this work, we evaluate the feasibility of such a detector for portable NDT X-ray imaging. Various image quality metrics and practical images are provided.
Rayleigh Wave Attenuation due to Surface Roughness in Three-Dimensional Space
Authors: Sarris Georgios , Huthwaite Peter , Lowe Michael J. S. ,   Imperial College London, Haslinger Stewart G. ,   Imperial College London,   University of Liverpool, Nagy Peter B. ,   Imperial College London,   Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics
Published: November 2023

The behaviour of the attenuation coefficient of Rayleigh waves, when they propagate over surfaces which are not smooth, has been well-studied in the literature. This scattering behaviour is generally split into three regimes, based on the comparative size of the Rayleigh wavelength to the rough surface profile; those are the Rayleigh (long wavelength), stochastic (long to medium wavelength) and geometric (short wavelength) regimes. Here, in an extension to our previous work, we validate the existing theory, in three dimensions. This is achieved using finite element (FE) modelling under a unified approach, where the same FE modelling techniques are implemented regardless of the scattering regime. We demonstrate good agreement between our FE results and the theory in all scattering regimes. Following this validation, we extend the results to cases which lie outside the limits of validity of the theory, showing the ability of the FE method to provide attenuation measurements in multiple roughness scenarios.
Towards Real-Time Quantitative Monitoring and Control of Weld Pool Dimensions using Phased Array Ultrasonics
Authors: Sweeney Nina E. , Lines David , Nicolson Ewan , Loukas Charalampos , Pierce Stephen G. , MacLeod Charles N. ,   University of Strathclyde, Parke Simon ,   Peak NDT Ltd.
Published: November 2023

While ultrasonic NDT of welded joints is well understood and commercially undertaken at the end of the fabrication timeline, significant commercial benefits can be realised through the adoption of novel in-process inspection and monitoring techniques. This paper shows the use of phased array ultrasonics to monitor and analyse the molten weld pool live during weld deposition. The received ultrasonic signals are shown to contain information related to key physical transitions occurring within the welding process, namely the melting and solidification of the weldment. This preliminary work unlocks the potential for real-time monitoring and control of the welding process. The information stored within the ultrasonic signals can be directly related to quantitative information about the welding process providing means for anticipation of defect occurrence and preventative control.
Uncertainty in Microwave Material Characterization using Open Ended Waveguide Technique
Authors: Moritz Trent , Dvorsky Matthew , Al Qaseer Mohammad Tayeb ,   Iowa State University
Published: November 2023

This paper examines a method to predict the uncertainty in electromagnetic material properties (𝜖𝑟=𝜖𝑟′ −𝑗𝜖𝑟′′) obtained through reflection coefficient measurements and a curve fitting algorithm. The curve fitting algorithm utilizes an analytical model of the open-ended waveguide to optimize the input parameters (𝜖𝑟) to best match the measurements. The curve fitting algorithm allows for the calculation of the Jacobian which is then used to calculate the Hessian matrix giving us the variance in the material properties that are calculated. This model was evaluated using measurements of several materials with well-known electromagnetic material properties. All measurements were performed at X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) using an open-ended waveguide with a flange that has been specifically engineered to reduce the reflected waves from the edge of the flange that couple back into the waveguide.
A Qualitative Case Study on the Hindrance Factors of ICT-integrated Education in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors:   Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation, Jang In Cheol
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This study aims to identify the hindrance factors of ICT-integrated education in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from a multifaceted perspective and suggest essential factors that should be considered in the implementation of ICT-integrated education in Ethiopia and other developing countries.
Originality: This study contributes as the first study to identify the hindrance factors of ICT-integrated education through a comparison of prior research and empirical data by systematically categorizing individual, organizational, and national levels.
Methodology: It employs a qualitative case study method to understand the relationships and interactions of the complex factors involved in ICT-integrated education. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, document analysis, and focus group interviews. It was analyzed by using a hierarchical framework of individual, organizational, and national levels.
Result: This study has identified a number of hindrance factors from each level that can only be found in the context of Ethiopia, including common factors. These factors are analyzed to explore how ICT-integrated education can be improved.
Conclusion and Implication: This study explored the hindrance factors that can be used as a reference for other cities in Ethiopia and developing countries facing difficulties in the implementation of ICT-integrated education. It will provide important implications for future research as well as ICT education development cooperation projects.
Chi-square and Adjusted Standardised Residual Analysis
Authors: Ahad Nor Aishah , Okwonu Friday Zinzendoff , Apanapudor Joshua Sarduana , Arunaye Festus Irimisose , Ojobor Sunday Amoju
Published: November 2023

In hypothesis testing, inference is made by comparing the computed test statistic and the critical value which rely on a specified level of significance and degrees of freedom. This paper examines various study variables to assess whether there exists an interdependency between relationship intimacy and these variables. The chi-square test, likelihood ratio test, the adjusted standardised residual, and the proposed benchmark methods are applied to determine the acceptance or rejection of the null hypothesis and the individual category contribution that enhanced the inference. The comparative analysis involves data collected from a survey conducted before the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, during the Covid-19 lockdown period, and following the relaxation of post-Covid-19 lockdown measures spanning a duration of six weeks. The findings showed that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected implying that the study variables are independent of relationship intimacy for the periods under study. The adjusted standardised residual and the benchmark methods revealed that sexual intimacy and quarrel are the highest variable contributors to the acceptance of the null hypothesis.
Empowerment Cadres of Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama in Stunting Prevention through Nutrition Education in Bangil Pasuruan
Authors: Winarningsih Wiwik , Rusdi Warda El Maida , Kombih Muhammad Fifin , Al Hajiri Aufar Zimamuz Zaman , Rahmawati Rima Isna
Published: November 2023

Stunting is one of the nutritional problems faced in the world. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 24.4%, while in Pasuruan Regency it is 22.5%. Most people may not understand the term stunting. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) cadres in preventing stunting through nutrition education at Bangil Pasuruan. Method: The target participants for this activity are the Management of the NU Bangil Pasuruan Muslimat Branch. The pre-test and post-test were given as a measure of the participant's level of knowledge after being given education. The provision of this education uses electronic media, namely Power Point regarding inviting toddlers and toddler mothers to come regularly to attend "Posyandu", the benefits of local food and food diversity, accompanying young women to drink iron tablets, assisting prospective brides, assisting pregnant women, and assisting babies to get Exclusive breastfeeding. Results and Discussion: This community service activity was done on Saturday, June 12, 2022, at the Management Building of the NU Muslimat Branch, Bangil, Pasuruan. Attended by 32 participants who were NU Muslimat cadres in Bangil Pasuruan aged 40-65 years. There is an increase of 32.58% in scores from the pre-test to the post-test The statistical analysis results showed a significance value of p <0.05, that there was a significant difference in knowledge among participants in the Pre-Test and Post-Test values. The application of the knowledge gained is a comprehensive effort to prevent stunting and improve the quality of human life in creating a superior generation. Conclusion: Participants experience an increased understanding of stunting prevention through providing education in this community service, with the hope that participants will apply their knowledge to contribute to reducing stunting rates in Bangil Pasuruan.
Numerical Investigation of Cyclic Behavior of Angled U-shaped Yielding Damper on Steel Frames
Authors: Cheraghi Kambiz , TahamouliRoudsari Mehrzad , Kiasat Sasan , Esfandiari Javad
Published: November 2023

Yielding dampers are often selected as a cost-effective solution for improving steel structures compared to other energy dissipation systems. The objective of this research study was to investigate the cyclic behavior of the angled U-shaped yielding damper (AUSYD) on a steel frame using numerical method. The numerical model was first verified using two experimental samples. Next, the influence of the number of dampers on the cyclic behavior of the steel frame was examined. The parametric model outcomes included energy dissipation, elastic stiffness, strength, and equivalent viscous damping ratio (EVDR). Additionally, an analytical equation was proposed for calculating the ultimate strength of the AUSYD, which correlated well with the experimentally obtained results. The study findings revealed that the increase in elastic stiffness and strength of the frame equipped with the AUSYD was nearly equivalent to the sum of the elastic stiffness and strength of the bare frame and its supplementary dampers. Furthermore, the results showed that models with 8 to 12 dampers had comparable energy dissipation and EVDR. Adding 8 dampers to the frame increased the energy dissipation and damping coefficient of the frame by 42% and 67%, respectively.
A proposal to account for the stimulus, the mechanism, and the mediators released in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Anderson Sandra D. , Kippelen Pascale
Published: November 2023

Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) describes the transient narrowing of the airways that follows vigorous exercise. It commonly occurs in children and adults who have asthma and in elite athletes. The primary stimulus is proposed to be loss of water, by evaporation, from the airway surface due to conditioning inspired air. The mechanism, whereby this evaporative loss of water provokes contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle, is thought to be an increase in osmolarity of the airway surface liquid. The increase in osmolarity causes mast cells to release histamines, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. It is these mediators that contract smooth muscle causing the airways to narrow.
Cardiac manifestations of MIS-C: cardiac magnetic resonance and speckle-tracking data
Authors: Scarduelli Lorenzo , De Guillebon De Resnes Jean-Marie , Ducreux Dorothée , Bernardor Julie , Afanetti Mickael , Dupont Audrey , Barthelemy Sébastien , Gondon Emmanuelle , Leporati Julien , Giovannini-Chami Lisa , Moceri Pamela
Published: November 2023

Background

Cardiac involvement is central in MIS-C and represents the main cause of morbidity. In this study, we aimed to assess myocardial damage in patients with MIS-C using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) during the acute phase, as well as left ventricular and atrial longitudinal strain on admission, at discharge, and after 3 months.

Methods

We performed a single-center prospective cohort study and case–control study. Between September 2020 and February 2022, we enrolled 39 patients hospitalized for MIS-C at our center. We performed left ventricular and atrial longitudinal 2D strain analysis on admission and during follow-up; echocardiographic data were compared to a matched control population. Patients above 4 years old with increased troponin underwent CMR.

Results

Of 24 patients (mean age: 8.2 ± 4.9 years) who underwent CMR, 14 (58%) presented myocardial edema and 6 (25%) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). LGE was associated with older age (p < 0.01), increased BMI (p = 0.03), increased ferritin levels (p < 0.001), lower left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (p < 0.001), LV longitudinal strain (p = 0.004), left atrial (LA) strain (p = 0.05), and prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.02). On admission, LV ejection fraction, LV longitudinal strain, and LA strain were impaired, but each improved gradually over time; LVEF was the fastest to recover, while global LV longitudinal strain was still impaired as compared to controls after 3 months (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that myocardial injury is present in a quarter of MIS-C patients, and impaired LA and LV myocardial deformation persist for at least several weeks after the acute phase. CMR and LV/LA strain could help us to individualize follow-up of MIS-C patients.
Multislice computerized tomography coronary angiography can be a comparable tool to intravascular ultrasound in evaluating “true” coronary artery bifurcations
Authors: Radunović Anja , Vidaković Radosav , Timčić Stefan , Odanović Natalija , Stefanović Milica , Lipovac Mirko , Krupniković Kosta , Mandić Aleksandar , Kojić Dejan , Tomović Milosav , Ilić Ivan
Published: November 2023

Aim

Coronary bifurcation atherosclerosis depends on its angles, flow, and extensive branching. We investigate the ability of CT coronary angiography (CTCA) to determine atherosclerotic plaque characteristics of “true” bifurcation compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and the influence on side branch (SB) fate after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results

The study included 70 patients with 72 “true” bifurcations. Most of the bifurcations were in the left anterior descending—diagonal (Dg) territory [50 out of 72 (69.4%)]. Longitudinal plaque evaluation at the polygon of confluence [carina and 5 mm proximal and distal in the main branch (MB)] showed that carina side MB and SB plaque had occurred with the lowest incidence with fibro-lipid structure (115 ± 63 HU and 89 ± 73 HU, p < 0.001 for all). Bland–Altman analysis showed a discrepancy in measuring mainly the lumen area between CTCA and IVUS in proximal MB [lumen 5.10, 95% CI (95% confidence interval, 4.53–5.68) mm2, p < 0.001; vessel −1.42, 95% CI (−2.63 to −0.21) mm2, p = 0.023], carina MB [lumen 3.74, 95% CI (3.37–4.10) mm2, p < 0.001; vessel −0.48, 95% CI (−1.45 to 0.48) mm2, p = 0.322], and distal MB [lumen 4.72, 95% CI (4.27–5.18) mm2, p < 0.001; vessel 0.62, 95% CI (−0.53 to 1.77) mm2, p = 0.283]. A significant correlation existed between average plaque density on CTCA with a percentage of calcified plaque on IVUS tissue characterization (proximal r = 0.307/p = 0.024, carina 0.469/0.008, distal 0.339/0.024, minimal lumen diameter 0.318/0.020). Circumferential plaque in the proximal MB segment remained an independent predictor of SB compromise [OR 3.962 (95% CI 1.170–13.418)].

Conclusion

Detection and characterization of atherosclerotic plaque by CTCA in non-left main “true” coronary bifurcations can provide useful information about bifurcation anatomy and plaque distribution that can predict outcomes after provisional stenting, thus guiding the interventional strategy to bifurcation PCI.
Biodistribution of the saponin-based adjuvant Matrix-M™ following intramuscular injection in mice
Authors: Carnrot Cecilia , Carow Berit , Palm Anna-Karin E. , Akpinar Eray , Helgesson Per-Henrik , Osterman Ingrid Lekberg , Bringeland Emelie , Foreman Bryant , Patel Nita , Bankefors Johan , Fries Louis , Stertman Linda
Published: November 2023

Novel adjuvants are extensively utilized in the development of safe and effective vaccines against emerging pathogens. Matrix-M™ adjuvant is a saponin-based adjuvant used in several active clinical development programs and in widespread use in the COVID-19 vaccine NVX-CoV2373. Here, we conducted a biodistribution study to better understand the mechanism of action and safety profile for Matrix-M™ adjuvant. Radiolabeled saponins or cholesterol were incorporated into Matrix-A™ particles, which represent 85% of Matrix-M™. Labeled Matrix-M™ adjuvant was given to mice by intramuscular injection with or without SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Radioactivity of the adjuvant components was quantified in local and systemic tissues at seven timepoints over a period of 1–168 h. The highest saponin levels were found at the 1-h timepoint at the injection site, in the draining (iliac) lymph nodes, and in urine. Saponins were rapidly cleared from these tissues, reaching very low levels by 48–72 h. Systemically, saponins were found at low levels in the plasma, kidneys, liver, and bone marrow, and were barely detectable in other investigated tissues. Cholesterol was also found at high levels at the injection site and in the draining lymph nodes. These levels declined rapidly at first, then plateaued at 24–48 h. Radiolabeled cholesterol was found at very low levels in other tissues at the earliest timepoints, until increasing and stabilizing after the 24-h timepoint, indicating entry into the endogenous cholesterol recycling pool. This study demonstrates a rapid distribution of Matrix-M™ adjuvant from the injection site to the draining lymph nodes, thus excluding a depot effect as central to the mechanism of action for this adjuvant. The diverging clearance patterns for saponins and cholesterol are suggestive of at least partial disassembly of the Matrix-particles, which has implications for the downstream effects of Matrix-M™ adjuvant on adaptive immune responses. Systemic exposure to toxicologically relevant tissues is very low.
Comprehensive analysis of PRPF19 immune infiltrates, DNA methylation, senescence-associated secretory phenotype and ceRNA network in bladder cancer
Authors: Wang YaXuan , Wang Jinfeng , He JiaXing , Ji Bo , Pang ZhongQi , Wang JianShe , Liu Yang , Ren MingHua
Published: November 2023

Background

Pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (PRPF19) is an E3 ligase that plays a crucial role in repairing tumor-damaged cells and promoting cell survival. However, the predictive value and biological function of PRPF19 in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) require further investigation.

Methods

In this study, we utilized transcriptomic data and bladder cancer tissue microarrays to identify the high expression of PRPF19 in BLCA, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker. To gain a better understanding of the role of PRPF19 in the immune microenvironment of BLCA, we performed single cell analysis and employed the LASSO method. Additionally, we examined the methylation profiles of PRPF19 using the SMART website. Our investigation confirmed the correlation between PRPF19 and BLCA cell senescence and stemness. Furthermore, we constructed a PRPF19-miR-125a-5p-LINC02693-MIR4435-2HG ceRNA network using the ENCORI and miRWALK databases.

Results

Our comprehensive analysis reveals that PRPF19 can serve as a prognostic marker for BLCA and is significantly associated with various immune-infiltrating cells in BLCA. Moreover, our findings suggest that PRPF19 influences cellular senescence through the regulation of stemness. Finally, we developed a ceRNA network that has the potential to predict the prognosis of BLCA patients.

Conclusion

We confirmed the prognostic value and multiple biological functions of PRPF19 in BLCA. Furthermore, the specific ceRNA network can be used as a potential therapeutic target for BLCA.
Long-read sequencing reveals the shell microbiome of apparently healthy American lobsters Homarus americanus from Atlantic Canada
Authors: Koepper Svenja , Clark K. Fraser , McClure J. Trenton , Revie Crawford W. , Stryhn Henrik , Thakur Krishna K.
Published: November 2023

The shell microbial community of lobsters—a key factor in the development of epizootic shell disease (ESD)—is still insufficiently researched in Atlantic Canada and many knowledge gaps remain. This study aimed to establish a baseline description and analysis of the shell microbiome of apparently healthy lobsters from four locations in the region. More than 180 lobster shell swab samples were collected from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island (PEI). PacBio long-read 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses in QIIME2 identified the shell-associated bacteria. The shell microbiome of healthy lobsters consisted mainly of the bacterial classes Gammaproteobacteria, Saprospiria, Verrucomicrobiae, Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia, Acidimicrobiia and Planctomycetia. The microbial composition differed regionally and seasonally, with some classes showing decreased or increased relative abundances in the PEI samples as well as in the winter and spring samples in Nova Scotia. The core shell microbiome included potentially pathogenic as well as beneficial bacterial taxa, of which some were present only in certain regions. Bacterial taxa that have previously been associated with ESD were present on healthy lobsters in Atlantic Canada, but their frequency differed by location, sampling time, and moult stage. This study indicated that geographical and seasonal factors influenced the shell microbiome of apparently healthy lobsters more than host factors such as sex, size, and moult stage. Our results provide valuable reference microbial data from lobsters in a disease-free state.
Brain plasticity following corpus callosum agenesis or loss: a review of the Probst bundles
Authors: Lynton Zorana , Suárez Rodrigo , Fenlon Laura R.
Published: November 2023

The corpus callosum is the largest axonal tract in the human brain, connecting the left and right cortical hemipheres. This structure is affected in myriad human neurodevelopmental disorders, and can be entirely absent as a result of congenital or surgical causes. The age when callosal loss occurs, for example via surgical section in cases of refractory epilepsy, correlates with resulting brain morphology and neuropsychological outcomes, whereby an earlier loss generally produces relatively improved interhemispheric connectivity compared to a loss in adulthood (known as the “Sperry’s paradox”). However, the mechanisms behind these age-dependent differences remain unclear. Perhaps the best documented and most striking of the plastic changes that occur due to developmental, but not adult, callosal loss is the formation of large, bilateral, longitudinal ectopic tracts termed Probst bundles. Despite over 100 years of research into these ectopic tracts, which are the largest and best described stereotypical ectopic brain tracts in humans, much remains unclear about them. Here, we review the anatomy of the Probst bundles, along with evidence for their faciliatory or detrimental function, the required conditions for their formation, patterns of etiology, and mechanisms of development. We provide hypotheses for many of the remaining mysteries of the Probst bundles, including their possible relationship to preserved interhemispheric communication following corpus callosum absence. Future research into naturally occurring plastic tracts such as Probst bundles will help to inform the general rules governing axon plasticity and disorders of brain miswiring.
Pharmacokinetics and absorption mechanism of tandospirone citrate
Authors: Li Rong , Chen Yuwen , Jia Mi , Jiang Xuehua , Wang Ling
Published: November 2023

Tandospirone citrate (TDS) is commonly used for the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder in clinical practice, and several studies are developing new indications for TDS. However, the in vivo processes and absorption properties of TDS have not been systematically investigated. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive investigation using in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo approaches, involving animal and cellular models, to examine the pharmacokinetic properties and absorption mechanisms of TDS. The results of in vivo studies revealed that the half-life (t1/2) of TDS was 1.380 ± 0.46 h and 1.224 ± 0.39 h following intragastric (i.g.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration of 20 mg/kg TDS, respectively. This indicates that TDS is rapidly eliminated in rats. The area under the curve (AUC) of TDS after i.g. and i.v. administration was 114.7 ± 40 ng/mL*h and 48,400 ± 19,110 ng/mL*h, respectively, and the absolute bioavailability of TDS was found to be low (0.24%). Furthermore, TDS was extensively metabolized in rats, with the AUC of the major active metabolite [1-[2-pyrimidyl]-piperazine] being approximately 16.38-fold higher than that of TDS after i.g. administration. The results from the in vitro Caco-2 cell model and ex vivo everted gut sac experiment demonstrated that TDS exhibited good permeability, and its transport was influenced by concentration, temperature, and pH. Passive diffusion was identified as the main absorption mechanism. In conclusion, TDS is classified as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class I drug, characterized by high solubility and permeability. The low absolute bioavailability of TDS may be attributed to its rapid metabolism. The pharmacokinetic data and absorption characteristics obtained in this study provide fundamental information for the further development and utilization of TDS.
Parameter optimization of the spiral fertiliser discharger for mango orchards based on the discrete element method and genetic algorithm
Authors: Zhao Liang , Zhou Hongping , Xu Linyun , Yuan Weidong , Shi Minghong , Zhang Jian , Xue Zhong
Published: November 2023

Introduction

In order to solve the problems of inaccurate fertilization, unstable fertilization and low fertiliserutilization rate in mango orchard.

Methods

A small spiral fertiliser discharger was designed based on the agronomic characteristics of fertilization in mango orchard. The fertilizing performance test and parameter optimization of thespiral fertiliser discharger were carried out by combining bench and simulation test. Firstly, the main influencing factors of the fertilizing performance of the spiral fertiliser discharger were analyzed by theoretical calculation formula, and the range of its value was preliminarily determined. At the same time, the digital and discrete element models of the spiral fertiliser discharger were established. Then,the discrete element model of granular fertiliser was established on the basis of the physical and related mechanical simulation parameters of granular fertiliser obtained by experimental statistics.Taking the variable coefficient of fertilizing stability as the response value, the method of singlefactor simulation fertilizing test was used to explore the parameters that have a significant influence on the variable coefficient of fertilizing stability. The response surface method (RSM) was used tosimulate the fertilizing performance of three significant parameters. Based on the quadraticregression orthogonal rotation combination design test, a second-order regression mathematicalmodel between the variable coefficient of fertilizing stability and the significant parameters wasestablished. The variable coefficient of fertilizing stability was as small as possible. The geneticalgorithm (GA) was used to optimize the regression model. Finally, the verification test of thefluidity and applicability of different fertilisers was carried out.

Results

The results of single factor test showed that the diameter of spiral blade, pitch and rotationalspeed of fertilizing shaft have significant influence on the variable coefficient of fertilizing stability.The optimal parameter combination of the spiral fertiliser discharger was obtained: 98.44 mm for thediameter of spiral blade, 54.8 mm for the pitch, and 24.43 r/min for the rotational speed of fertilizingshaft. The verification results showed that the average relative error of the test was small, and themass flow rate of different fertilisers and the variable coefficient of fertilizing stability could meetthe agronomic requirements of fertilization in mango orchards. The reliability of the discrete elementsimulation test results and research methods of the spiral fertiliser discharger was verified.

Conclusion

The results and methods of this study can provide reference for the development of mangoorchard fertilization machinery and related fertilizing performance test.
The impact of adult children’s support on the psychological health of rural older adult people in China
Authors: Luo Juan , Ji Minglu , Li Mengyuan , Wang Anning
Published: November 2023

Background

Family old-age care is dominant in Chinese rural society, and children’s support is an important force in family old-age care. However, the migration of a large number of young and middle-aged rural laborers has undermined the traditional arrangements for old-age care in rural areas and affected the psychological health of the older adult.

Methods

2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey targets Chinese citizens aged 60 or older and covers 28 provinces in mainland China. In this paper, the database of the CLASS was selected for empirical analysis to explore the impact of children’s support on the depression level and loneliness of rural older adults through multiple linear regression, and was divided into two groups according to children’s migration to analyze heterogeneity.

Results

Children’s financial support facilitates the maintenance of mental health among rural older adults. Children’s support promotes mental health among rural older adults, but this association does not exist among older adults without children’s migration. Individual characteristics of older people have a greater impact on mental health.

Discussion

Our study firstly compares the differences of children’s migration status between children’s support and mental health among the older adult in rural China. In order to improve the mental health of the older adult, it is necessary to create a favorable atmosphere of love and respect for the older adult, improve the social security system in rural areas, and give full play to the strengths of the social forces, so as to ensure that the older adult have a sense of worthiness and enjoyment in their old age.