bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Total Saikosaponins in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Metabolomic and Proteomic Approach
Authors: Wei Huiling , Du Tianyi , Zhang Weiwei , Ma Wei , Yao Yao , Li Juan
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia among the elderly, yet effective treatments remain elusive. Total saikosaponins (TSS), the primary bioactive components in Bupleurum chinense, have shown promising therapeutic effects against AD in previous studies. Methods: To delve deeper into the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic role of TSS in AD, we investigated its neuroprotective effects and associated molecular mechanisms in APP/PS1 mice. Further, we employed metabolomic and proteomic analyses, with a focus on the potential protein-level changes induced by TSS, particularly those related to metabolite accumulation in the brain. Results: Our results showed that lysophosphatidylcholine, adenosine, and sphingomyelin in plasma might serve as potential biomarkers. Compared to the control group, AD mice exhibited significantly increased expression of proteins related to neuroinflammatory pathways, whereas proteins involved in cAMP signaling, cGMP-PKG signaling, and synaptic plasticity pathways were significantly downregulated. Notably, these signaling pathways were partially reversed in APP/PS1 mice following TSS administration. Behavioral tests demonstrated that TSS effectively improved the learning and memory functions of mice. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TSS ameliorate cognitive decline through regulating neuroinflammatory pathways, cAMP and cGMP signaling, and synaptic plasticity pathways, providing insights into its therapeutic potential in AD.
Targeting Brain Drug Delivery with Macromolecules Through Receptor-Mediated Transcytosis
Authors: Li Yuanke , Liu Ruiying , Zhao Zhen
Published: January 2025

Brain diseases pose significant treatment challenges due to the restrictive nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Recent advances in targeting macromolecules offer promising avenues for overcoming these obstacles through receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). We summarize the current progress in targeting brain drug delivery with macromolecules for brain diseases. This exploration details the transport mechanisms across the BBB, focusing on RMT and its use of natural ligands for drug delivery. Furthermore, the review examines macromolecular ligands such as antibodies, peptides, and aptamers that leverage RMT for effective BBB traversal. Advancements in macromolecules-based delivery systems for brain diseases are summarized, emphasizing their therapeutic potential and limitations. Finally, emerging RMT strategies, including viral vectors, exosomes, and boron neutron capture therapy, are discussed for their precision in brain-targeted treatments. This comprehensive overview underscores the potential of RMT-based approaches to revolutionize brain disease therapy.
Theoretical Investigation of Terahertz Spoof Surface-Plasmon-Polariton Devices Based on Ring Resonators
Authors: Liu Can , Gu Shenghao , Sun Mingming , Liu Ya , Zhang Ying , Han Jiaguang
Published: January 2025

Terahertz is one of the most promising technologies for high-speed communication and large-scale data transmission. As a classical optical component, ring resonators are extensively utilized in the design of band-pass and frequency-selective devices across various wavebands, owing to their unique characteristics, including optical comb generation, compactness, and low manufacturing cost. While substantial progress has been made in the study of ring resonators, their application in terahertz surface wave systems remains less than fully optimized. This paper presents several spoof surface plasmon polariton-based devices, which were realized using ring resonators at terahertz frequencies. The influence of both the radius of the ring resonator and the width of the waveguide coupling gap on the coupling coefficient are investigated. The band-stop filters based on the cascaded ring resonator exhibit a 0.005 THz broader frequency bandwidth compared to the single-ring resonator filter and achieve a minimum stopband attenuation of 28 dB. The add–drop multiplexers based on the asymmetric ring resonator enable selective surface wave outputs at different ports by rotating the ring resonator. The devices designed in this study offer valuable insights for the development of on-chip terahertz components.
Virulence of Five Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on Nine Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties and Nematicidal Potential of Hemp Seed Extracts Against Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Ntinokas Dionysios , Roussis Ioannis , Mavroeidis Antonios , Stavropoulos Panteleimon , Folina Antigolena , Kakabouki Ioanna , Tzortzakakis Emmanuel A. , Bilalis Dimitrios , Giannakou Ioannis O.
Published: January 2025

The most common and damaging plant parasitic nematodes are root-knot nematodes (RNK). Although hemp has been clearly infected by RNK, little information is available regarding the extent of the damage and losses caused. In addition, no information is available concerning hemp seed extracts’ activity against RNK. In the current research, a greenhouse experiment was developed to evaluate the infection effect of five RKN species (Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. hapla, and M. luci) in nine industrial hemp varieties (Fedora 17, Ferimon 12, Futura 75, Santhica 27, Santhica 70, KC Dora, KC Zuzana, Zenit, and USO 31), as was a laboratory experiment to evaluate the nematicidal activity of aqueous and water extracts of hemp seeds against second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. javanica. The results revealed that the five evaluated Meloidogyne species were pathogenic to hemp plants. The lowest shoot weights were recorded in plants that were inoculated with M. javanica and M. luci (4.65 and 4.53 g, respectively). As for the root system, the most severe damage of the roots was detected in M. incognita-infected plants, presenting the lowest root weight (1.72 g). Regarding hemp varieties, the most susceptible were USO 31, Fedora 17, Ferimon 12, and Zenit, while Futura 75 hosted the lowest nematode numbers, including the lowest values of females per gram of root (10.66), number of egg masses per gram of root (4.70), and fecundity (33.68 eggs per egg mass). Moreover, this research showed that aqueous and ethanolic hemp seed extracts can control M. javanica. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure to high concentrations (250–2000 ppm) of ethanolic and aqueous extracts, the J2s were permanently paralyzed; however, at low concentrations, only the ethanolic extract was effective. The ethanolic extract paralyzed J2s at concentrations higher than 62.5 ppm and reduced the egg hatching by up to 76% compared to the control treatment. In general, the efficacy of the aqueous extract was considerably lower than that of the ethanolic extract.
Evaluating Spherical Trees in the Urban Environment in Budapest (Hungary)
Authors: Szabó Krisztina , Tőke Eszter , Gergely Attila
Published: January 2025

The world’s big cities, including Budapest, are becoming more crowded, with more and more people living in smaller and smaller spaces. There is an increasing demand for more green space and trees, with less vertical and less horizontal space. In addition, deteriorating environmental conditions are making it even more difficult for trees to grow and survive. Tree species in urban areas have multiple functions and high ecosystem services when in good health. Among taxa with diverse habits, sizes, crown shapes, growth vigor, longevity, urban tolerance, and canopy habit, our research aims to evaluate urban specimens of spherical species with smaller space requirements and sizes but have regular geometric crown shapes in public plantations in Budapest. In the restricted urban habitats, the city’s cadastral records include 4676 specimens with spherical crowns. Among the species examined, eight species with globular crowns (Acer platanoides ‘Globosum’, Catalpa bignonioides ‘Nana’, Celtis occidentalis ‘Globosa’, Fraxinus excelsior ‘Nana’, Fraxinus ornus ‘Mecsek’, Platanus × hispanica ‘Alphen’s Globe’, Prunus × eminens ‘Umbraculifera’ and Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Umbraculifera’) were evaluated in relation to age, health, wood type, crown size, and shade projection in order to show which species are or will be suitable in the future.
Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite Film: An Efficient Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalyst and Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Sutharsan Murugan , Senthil Murugan Krishnan , Narayanan Kanagaraj , Natarajan Thillai Sivakumar
Published: January 2025

Biopolymer-based nanocomposite film is an efficient material for addressing the increasing levels of pollutants in the environment and also for the production of antimicrobial packing material due to its good film-forming properties, biodegradability, and minimal environmental impact. In particular, chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/g-C3N4 (CS/PVA/g-C3N4) nanocomposite films with different weight percentages of PVA were prepared using simple methodologies and characterized using XRD, TGA, FT-IR, DSC, FE-SEM, EDX, and elemental mapping analysis. The XRD and FT-IR results validated the nanocomposite film formation. The FE-SEM images showed the smooth surface of the composite films without any wrinkles; the smoothness of the film increased with increases in the PVA loading, and the surface morphologies of the films were largely unchanged. The EDX and elemental mapping analysis validated the presence and uniform dispersion of g-C3N4 within the nanocomposite film. The photocatalytic activity of the CS/PVA/g-C3N4 composite films was assessed by the degradation of rhodamine B dye (RhB) and acetophenone under direct sunlight irradiation. The CS/PVA/g-C3N4 nanocomposite films exhibited superior degradation efficiency toward the RhB dye and acetophenone compared to the bare polymeric film and the g-C3N4 material. The order of degradation for the RhB dye and acetophenone was CS/PVA (1.0) g-C3N4 (95.34%, 33.33%) > CS/PVA (1.5) g-C3N4 (93.18%, 31.31%) > CS/PVA (0.5) g-C3N4 (93.02%, 29.29%) > CS/PVA (90.69%, 26.26%) > g-C3N4 (87.56%, 24%), respectively. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposite films was tested against E. coli, Pseudomonas sps., Klesiella sps., and Enterococcus sps., and the CS/PVA (1.5)/g-C3N4 nanocomposite film offered better antimicrobial properties than the other composite films and bare materials. In conclusion, these biopolymer-based nanocomposites are highly efficient and provide a promising path for the development of various biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for environmental remediation and antibacterial packing applications.
Application Research of Vision-Guided Grinding Robot for Wheel Hub Castings
Authors: Li Chunlei , Nan Rui , Wei Yingying , Li Liang , Liang Jiaxing , Li Nan
Published: January 2025

The combination of vision and robotic grinding technology provides robots with “visual perception” capabilities that enable them to accurately locate the area to be ground and perform the grinding tasks efficiently. Based on the rough grinding requirements for wheel hub burrs proposed by a casting company, this paper investigates the application of a vision-guided grinding robot in treating burrs on wheel hub castings. First, through vision system calibration, the conversion from pixel coordinate system to robot base coordinate system is implemented, thus ensuring that the subsequently extracted burr point coordinates can be correctly mapped to the robot’s operational coordinate system. Next, the images of the burrs on wheel hub castings are collected and processed. All the burr points are extracted by applying image algorithms. In order to improve grinding accuracy, a height error compensation model is established to adjust the coordinates of the 2D-pixel points; the coordinate error after compensation was reduced by 58.33%. Subsequently, the compensated burr point trajectories are optimized by utilizing an intelligent optimization algorithm to generate the shortest grinding path. Through experimental analysis of the relationship between spindle speed and surface roughness, a grinding trajectory simulation model is constructed, and the simulation results are integrated into the robot system. Finally, actual wheel hub burr grinding experiments are performed to validate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed solution.
Remaining Oil Distribution and Enhanced Oil Recovery Mechanisms Through Multi-Well Water and Gas Injection in Weathered Crust Reservoirs
Authors: Wang Yuegang , Guo Wanjiang , Sun Gangzheng , Zhou Xu , Lin Junzhang , Ding Mingshan , Huang Zhaoqin , Cao Yingchang
Published: January 2025

Weathered crust karst reservoirs with intricately interconnected fractures and caves are common but challenging enhanced oil recovery (EOR) targets. This paper investigated the remaining oil distribution rules, formation mechanisms, and EOR methods through physical experiments on acrylic models resembling the geological features of weathered crust reservoirs. Acrylic models with precision dimensions and morphologies were fabricated using laser etching technology. By comparing experiments under different cave filling modes and production well locations, it was shown that a higher cave filling extent led to poorer bottom water flooding recovery due to stronger flow resistance but slower rising water cut owing to continued production from the filling medium. Multi-well water and gas injection achieved higher incremental oil recovery by alternating injection–production arrangements to establish new displacement channels and change drive energy. Gas injection recovered more attic remaining oil from upper cave regions, while subsequent water injection helped wash the residual oil in the filling medium. The findings reveal the significant effects of fracture cave morphological configuration and connectivity on remaining oil distribution. This study provides new insights and guidance for EOR design optimization catering to the unique features of weathered crust karst fractured vuggy reservoirs.
Generation Z Identification of the Concept of Authority and the Process of the Management of Media Messages in the Catholic Church
Authors: Widera Zbigniew , Widera Wiktor , Polok Grzegorz
Published: January 2025

The growing importance of the influence of the media on the Catholic faithful calls for an answer to the question of to what extent the church’s activity in initiating messages of faith is subordinated to the logic and pragmatics of the media, which change the forms of the presence of religion in the lives of Catholics and the contexts in which it is positioned? As a result, it should force reflection: how to form and distribute religious messages using the tools of the media and, more generally, to manage the process of building relationships with the faithful. In this process, it is crucial to identify the factors influencing the faithful and especially the validity of existing values in their lives. The authors of this article focus on the concept of authority, identifying it in the research process conducted in Generation Z, aiming to form a conclusion as to whether it can constitute a value in the initiated media messages. The conducted study and its conclusions are considered from a Catholic perspective, referencing the importance of authority as one of the Church’s fundamental values. This value strengthens the building of a community of believers, as religious authorities, their behaviors, and views reinforce the transmitted ideas. The authority, which serves to enhance the conveyed messages, frequently appears in media transmissions. The concept of authority is explored in the theoretical section of the article.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Space Targets Utilizing Joint Optical-and-ISAR Co-Location Observation
Authors: Zhou Wanting , Liu Lei , Du Rongzhen , Wang Ze , Shang Ronghua , Zhou Feng
Published: January 2025

With traditional three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction methods for space targets, it is difficult to achieve 3-D structure and attitude reconstruction simultaneously. To tackle this problem, a 3-D reconstruction method for space targets is proposed, and the alignment and fusion of optical and ISAR images are investigated. Firstly, multiple pairs of optical and ISAR images are acquired in the joint optical-and-ISAR co-location observation system (COS). Then, key points of space targets on the images are used to solve for the Doppler information and the 3-D attitude. Meanwhile, the image offsets of each pair are further aligned based on Doppler co-projection between optical and ISAR images. The 3-D rotational offset relationship and the 3-D translational offset relationship are next deduced to align the spatial offset between pairs of images based on attitude changes in neighboring frames. Finally, a voxel trimming mechanism based on growth learning (VTM-GL) is designed to obtain the reserved voxels where mask features are used. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and robustness of the OC-V3R-OI method.
A Vibration Signal-Based Active Noise Control Method for Liquid-Filled Pipelines
Authors: Wang Yunhao , Liu Qichao , Yu Wenjing , Cheng Guo
Published: January 2025

Pulsation noise in the piping system generated by the excitation of the pump source seriously affects the reliability of the pipeline system and mechanical equipment. The active noise control can effectively suppress the low-frequency noise in the liquid-filled pipeline. Active control methods with intrusive secondary sources generally use dynamic pressure sensors or hydrophones to collect signals, which destroy the structure of the pipe. In this paper, we propose an active noise control method utilizing signals acquired by accelerometers, which adopts offline modeling of the secondary path and the notch narrowband FxLMS algorithm for controlling the secondary source actuation. The feasibility of this method is verified by LabVIEW simulation and active noise control test of the liquid-filled pipeline. The test results show that this method can achieve more than 4 dB reduction for low-frequency (10~200 Hz) line spectrum noise under most operating conditions.
Channeled Polarimetry for Magnetic Field/Current Detection
Authors: Dyankov Georgi , Kolev Petar , Eftimov Tinko A. , Hikova Evdokiya O. , Kisov Hristo
Published: January 2025

Magneto-optical magnetic field/current sensors are based on the Faraday effect, which involves changing the polarized state of light. Polarimetric methods are therefore used for measuring polarization characteristics. Channeled polarimetry allows polarization information to be obtained from the analysis of the spectral domain. Although this allows the characterization of Faraday materials, the method has not yet been used for detection in magneto-optical sensors. This paper reports experimental results for magnetic field/current detection using the channeled polarimetry method. It is shown that in contrast to other methods, this method allows the detection of the phase shift caused by Faraday rotation alone, making the detection independent of temperature. Although an increase in measurement accuracy is required for practical applications by refining the data processing, the experimental results obtained show that this method offers a new approach to improving the performance of magneto-optical current sensors.
Range Extension of Borehole Strainmeters Using MOSFET-Based Multi-Switch Automatic Zero Setting
Authors: Yang Chen , Chen Zheng , Li Hong , Wang Wenbo , Zhan Weiwei , Wu Liheng , Dong Yunkai , Chen Jiaxin
Published: January 2025

Borehole strainmeters are essential tools for observing crustal deformation. In long-term observational applications, the dynamic changes in crustal deformation over multi-year scales often exceed the single measurement range of borehole strainmeters. Expanding the measurement range while maintaining high precision is a critical technical challenge. To address this, a full-range measurement system was developed using a bidirectional analog multi-switch based on MOS transistors and automatic feedback control. This system automatically adjusts the zero point of the measurement bridge, maintaining the bridge output at a near-balanced state. The quantifiable zero-setting actions are dynamically converted into equivalent voltage, enabling automatic full-range measurements while fully utilizing the effective linear range of the differential capacitive sensors. A laboratory performance tests demonstrated that an RZB borehole strainmeter equipped with this automatic zero-setting range extension system successfully covers the differential capacitive sensor’s effective linear range of approximately 100 μm.
Accessibility to Primary Health Services and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mountainous Greece
Authors: Sionti Vasiliki , Charalambous George , Papageorgiou Giorgios , Simos Yannis V. , Tsamis Konstantinos I. , Lakkas Lampros , Peschos Dimitrios , Gourni Maria
Published: January 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a negative impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients. We evaluated the health status and quality of life (QoL) in relation to accessibility to primary health care (PHC) units among patients with T2DM in mountainous Greece. We analyzed data obtained from 340 patients with diabetes living in the region of Epirus, Greece. The diabetes-specific quality of life was assessed with the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life questionnaire (ADDQoL-19) and the generic health status with the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Ninety-three percent of the respondents reported that diabetes had a negative impact on their QoL. Lower scores were seen in relation to “leisure activities” (−1.200 ± 1.251) and “freedom to eat” (−1.088 ± 1.058). The mean physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component scores were 45.6 ± 8.0 and 43.9 ± 8.0, respectively. According to the linear regression analysis, health status was related to the accessibility to the nearest hospital or health care unit, exercise, blood glucose level, and HbA1c level. The QoL was related to the accessibility to the nearest hospital and diet. T2DM has a negative impact on patients’ QoL. Accessibility to PHC units and hospitals as well as the efficient management of patients with diabetes by said PHC units are imperative to control T2DM’s course and improve patients’ generic health status.
Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation Potential of a Rare Coastal Species, Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. maritima
Authors: Andersone-Ozola Una , Jēkabsone Astra , Karlsons Andis , Osvalde Anita , Banaszczyk Lidia , Samsone Ineta , Ievinsh Gederts
Published: January 2025

The aim of the present study was to explore heavy metal tolerance and accumulation potential in Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. maritima plants from coastal sand dunes in controlled conditions. Plants were established from seeds collected in coastal sand dunes and cultivated in substrates in greenhouse conditions. A gradual treatment with CdCl2, PbOAc, CuSO4, MnSO4, and ZnSO4 was performed until three final concentrations for each metal were reached. The number of leaves, their biomass, and biomass of roots were negatively affected by increasing concentrations of lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) in substrate, but no negative effect was evident for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Visible effects of metal toxicity were evident for Pb-treated plants (appearance of thinner leaves, yellowing of older leaves), as well as for Mn-treated plants (reduced leaf size, curled leaves, red leaf venation). There was a significant decrease in water content in old leaves at high Pb and increasing Mn concentration, indicating accelerated leaf senescence. Increase in polyphenol oxidase activity in leaves was evident in all the plants treated with heavy metals. In contrast, an increase in peroxidase activity was evident only for plants treated with 50 and 100 mg L−1 Cd, 500 mg L−1 Pb, 200–1000 mg L−1 Mn, and 500 mg L−1 Zn. Metal accumulation potential for Cd and Cu was the highest in the roots, but for Pb, Mn, and Zn, more metal accumulated in old leaves. It can be concluded that A. vulneraria subsp. maritima plants are tolerant to high Cd, Cu, and Zn, but moderately susceptible to Pb and Mn. However, oxidative enzyme activity cannot be unequivocally used as a specific indicator of metal tolerance. In respect to phytoremediation potential, the plants have very good accumulation capacity for Pb, Mn, and Zn.
Possibilities of Using Contemporary Quality Management Methods and Tools for the Sustainable Development of the Organization
Authors: Misztal Agnieszka , Ratajszczak Kinga
Published: January 2025

Organizations are expected to follow trends and adapt their management to market conditions. In an era of rapid change and an environment that is difficult to predict, this is an extremely complicated task. In order to effectively respond to the needs coming from the market, companies implement various methods and adapt available concepts, translating them into the language of practice. Contemporary quality management methods and tools seem to combine the need to skilfully respond to customer expectations and ensure the appropriate level of sustainability issues in the organization’s activities. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the possibilities of using contemporary quality management methods and tools for the sustainable development of the organization. The main method in this article was a literature review that covered the area of the sustainable development of enterprises and the search for good practices in the field of quality management instruments in this area. The other methods are observation and direct interview. Twenty quality methods and tools were selected and divided according to their functions. The research identified benefits and good practices in their use, which can support action for sustainable development.
Hydrothermal Coupling Analysis of Frozen Soil Temperature Field in Stage of Pipe Roof Freezing Method
Authors: Feng Xin , Hu Jun , Zhou Jie , Zhang Shuai , Wang Ying
Published: January 2025

Taking the Sanya River Mouth Channel project as a case study, this research explores the minimum brine temperature required for the pipe-jacking freezing method during staged freezing. Based on the heat transfer theory of porous media, a three-dimensional model of the actual working conditions was established using COMSOL 6.1 finite element software. By adjusting the brine cooling scheme, the development and distribution patterns of the freezing curtain under different brine temperatures were analyzed. The results indicate that as the staged freezing brine temperature increases, the thickness of the freezing curtain decreases linearly, and the closure of isotherms is inhibited. When the brine temperature is −8 °C, the thickness of the freezing curtain meets the minimum requirement and effectively achieves the freezing effect under both low and high seepage flow conditions. Additionally, seepage significantly affects the formation of the freezing curtain, causing it to shift towards the direction of seepage, with the degree of shift becoming more pronounced as the seepage velocity increases. When the seepage velocity is so high that the thickness of the freezing curtain on one side is less than 2 m, the impact of seepage on the freezing curtain can be reduced by decreasing the hydraulic head difference in the freezing area or by increasing the arrangement of freezing pipes, thereby enhancing the freezing effect.
The Criticality of the Digital Economy in Environmental Sustainability: Fresh Insights from a Wavelet-Based Quantile-on-Quantile Approach
Authors: Wong Xiaoqing , Kang Wenhao , Kim Jisu , Xu Yingying , Wang Ankang
Published: January 2025

Achieving environmental sustainability has become an urgent priority in the era of rapid digital economic expansion, which presents both opportunities and challenges for environmental sustainable development. This study investigates the impact of digital economy (DIE) on environmental sustainability (ENS) through the dual dimensions of digital industrialization (DII) and industrial digitalization (IND), employing the wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile regression method to capture both quantile dependencies and temporal variations. The results reveal that DIE positively impacts ENS in the long term, while its short-term effects are mixed, with positive effects at lower and higher quantiles but negative impacts at mid-range quantiles of [0.35–0.45] and [0.65–0.7]. Specifically, DII exerts a predominantly negative short-term effect on ENS due to the environmental costs of digital infrastructure expansion, but turns positive in the long term as digital industrialization matures, especially in [0.85–0.95]. IND, conversely, exerts a consistently positive impact on ENS in both short- and long-term scenarios, highlighting its role in enhancing industrial efficiency and reducing emissions. These results emphasize the need for targeted policies, including prioritizing industrial digitalization, developing green infrastructure, and adopting phased digital development strategies to maximize environmental benefits.
Identification of Peanut Cultivars with Low Cadmium Contents and Their Rhizosphere Microbial Characteristics in Alkaline and Acidic Cadmium-Contaminated Fields
Authors: Zhang Ke , Du Xuefeng , Li Xiaoli , Li Shuangshuang , Liu Hui , Bai Liyong , Dai Jiulan
Published: January 2025

Employing crop cultivars with low cadmium (Cd) accumulation and high yield is an effective strategy for the sustainable and safe utilization of Cd-contaminated farmland. However, the current understanding of peanut cultivars, particularly under field conditions, is limited. This study identified low-Cd cultivars and their rhizosphere microbial characteristics in acidic and alkaline fields with moderate Cd contamination. The results indicated that cultivars LH11, FH1, LH14, and YH9414 exhibited low Cd accumulation and high yield, with kernel Cd content reduced by 27.27% to 47.28% and yield increased by 9.27% to 14.17% compared with cultivar SLH. Among them, FH1 was validated to achieve safe production in two fields. A unique microbial community was formed by the recruitment of diverse microbes, such as Alphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi, to the rhizosphere soil of FH1, which might be associated with Cd immobilization and the promotion of plant growth. Functional predictions further validated these findings, revealing enhanced functional pathways in the FH1 rhizosphere related to microbial proliferation, Cd stabilization, and detoxification. This study provides valuable germplasm resources for safe agriculture of Cd-polluted soils and elucidates the rhizosphere microbial characteristics of different peanut cultivars under field conditions. These findings are important for the targeted management of contaminated farmland and ensuring safe food production.
Effectiveness of a Series of Road Humps on Home Zone Streets: A Case Study
Authors: Majer Stanisław , Sołowczuk Alicja
Published: January 2025

Traffic calming measures are implemented more and more often in residential districts as part of home zone sustainability projects. For economic reasons, road humps are the most commonly used traffic calming measures to slow down the traffic within the home zone. Prefabricated units or concrete pavers are the materials of choice for their construction. The studies carried out so far on many different road hump types covered the effect of height, approach/departure ramp inclination(s), and intervals between successive humps on the final speed and the safety of road traffic. The impacts of braking before and acceleration after passing a hump on the pavement and the effect of the associated shocks on the riding comfort of both drivers and passengers and vehicle suspension were also investigated. What is missing in the available literature is information on the slowing effect of road humps depending on the longitudinal gradient of the street and the street’s landscaping. This article is intended to fill this gap by presenting the results of speed surveys carried out on three selected two-way streets located in home zones with different longitudinal gradients and a few humps of different designs that are placed at different intervals. Speeds were measured both before and after each of the successive humps. The “after” speeds were found to depend not only on the hump type and parameters but also on the direction of travel, vertical alignment of the street, parking location, and orientation of the parking space relative to the road axis.
Forecasting Renewable Energy Consumption Using a Novel Fractional Grey Reverse Accumulation Model
Authors: Zhang Yipeng , Wang Huiping
Published: January 2025

The accumulation operation is the most fundamental method for processing data in grey models, playing a decisive role in the accuracy of model predictions. However, the traditional forward accumulation method does not adhere to the principle of prioritizing new information. Therefore, we propose a novel fractional reverse accumulation, which increases the accumulation coefficient for new data to fully utilize the new information carried by the latest data. This led to the development of a novel grey model, termed the FGRM(1,1). This model was validated using renewable energy consumption data from France, Spain, the UK, and Europe, and the results demonstrated that the FGRM(1,1) outperformed other models in terms of simulation error, prediction error, and comprehensive error. The predictions indicated significant growth in renewable energy consumption for France and Spain, moderate growth for the UK, and robust growth for Europe overall. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed model in utilizing new information and provide insights into energy transition and emission reduction potential in Europe.
The Potential for Dark Tourism in Kazakhstan: An Overview of the Former Concentration Camps
Authors: Assylkhanova Aigerim , Mussina Kamshat , Nagy Gyula , Nassanbekova Samalgul , Kenzhin Zhaxat , Boros Lajos
Published: January 2025

The concept of dark tourism has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The studies in this field examine the convergence of tourism and morbidity. The research problem lies in understanding the complex dynamics between the preservation of historical sites associated with Kazakhstan’s former gulags and their role in the emerging dark tourism sector. This paper explores the tourist significance of the former gulags in Kazakhstan through the analysis of interviews, legislation texts and policy documents, and data on visitor numbers. Our aim is to illuminate the historical importance for tourism, educational value, and stakeholders associated with the preservation and promotion of these destinations. The analysis revealed the various and sometimes conflicting interests and concerns of the stakeholders, including tourists, local communities, government institutions, and the private sector. The analysis of statistical data provided valuable information on visitor demographics, preferences, and trends in the Karlag and Alzhir museums. These data highlighted the role of educational institutions and demonstrated the adaptability of museums in difficult times such as the COVID-19 pandemic. During the formation of future policies, effective collaboration with stakeholders, responsible tourism practices, capacity building, and sustainable marketing strategies are essential to the ethical and sustainable management of dark tourist sites. Thus, stakeholders can ensure that dark tourism continues to evolve in a way that respects historical integrity and benefits local communities, while contributing to the broader goals of education and commemoration.
The Multimessenger Contribution of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays from Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Li Zhenjiang , Min Fangsheng , Jin Yi , Guo Yiqing
Published: January 2025

It has long been debated whether gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) could serve as potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). In this study, we consider GRBs as sources of UHECR injection with an injection index of α=2 and propagate them through the extragalactic magnetic field within the framework of CRPropa 3. The baryon loading factor fCR is taken into account to quantify the rate of UHECR energy injection. In the benchmark case with a jet opening angle of θj=1 and fCR=1, we find that both high- and low-luminosity populations contribute to less than 10% of the UHECR spectrum. The most constrained scenario suggests fCR≤15, indicating that GRBs are less efficient in producing the all-sky UHECR intensity. The high-energy diffuse neutrinos and gamma rays resulting from interactions between UHECRs from GRBs and extragalactic background photons do not dominate the observations of Fermi-LAT or IceCube.
Targeting EBV Episome for Anti-Cancer Therapy: Emerging Strategies and Challenges
Authors: Sugiokto Febri Gunawan , Li Renfeng
Published: January 2025

As a ubiquitous human pathogen, the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has established lifelong persistent infection in about 95% of the adult population. The EBV infection is associated with approximately 200,000 human cancer cases and 140,000 deaths per year. The presence of EBV in tumor cells provides a unique advantage in targeting the viral genome (also known as episome), to develop anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize current strategies targeting the viral episome in cancer cells. We also highlight emerging technologies, such as clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based gene editing or activation, which offer promising avenues for selective targeting of the EBV episome for anti-cancer therapy. We discuss the challenges, limitations, and future perspectives associated with these strategies, including potential off-target effects, anti-cancer efficacy and safety.
Expanding the Diversity of Actinobacterial Tectiviridae: A Novel Genus from Microbacterium
Authors: Washington Jacqueline M. , Basta Holly , De Jesus Angela Bryanne , Bendele Madison G. , Cresawn Steven G. , Ginser Emily K.
Published: January 2025

Six novel Microbacterium phages belonging to the Tectiviridae family were isolated using Microbacterium testaceum as a host. Phages MuffinTheCat, Badulia, DesireeRose, Bee17, SCoupsA, and LuzDeMundo were purified from environmental samples by students participating in the Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) program at Alliance University, New York. The phages have linear dsDNA genomes 15,438–15,636 bp with 112–120 bp inverted terminal repeats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging analysis revealed that the six novel phages have six-sided icosahedral double-layered capsids with an internal lipid membrane that occasionally forms protruding nanotubules. Annotation analysis determined that the novel Microbacterium phages all have 32–34 protein-coding genes and no tRNAs. Like other Tectiviridae, the phage genomes are arranged into two segments and include three highly conserved family genes that encode a DNA polymerase, double jelly-roll major capsid protein, and packaging ATPase. Although the novel bacteriophages have 91.6 to 97.5% nucleotide sequence similarity to each other, they are at most 58% similar to previously characterized Tectiviridae genera. Consequently, these novel Microbacterium phages expand the diversity of the Tectiviridae family, and we propose they form the sixth genus, Zetatectivirus.
Analyzing Crash Severity: Human Injury Severity Prediction Method Based on Transformer Model
Authors: Jiang Yalan , Qu Xianguo , Zhang Weiwei , Guo Wenfeng , Xu Jiejie , Yu Wangpengfei , Chen Yang
Published: January 2025

Traffic accident-related injuries and fatalities are a serious global public health and social development challenge. The accurate prediction of crash severity improves road safety and reduces casualties, as well as serving road managers and policy makers. Prediction models need to learn and analyze the various characteristic factors of traffic accidents and capture from them the inherent complex relationship between accident characteristics and the severity of traffic accidents. However, most accident prediction studies lack analytical predictions of injury severity, and predictive models rely on the content and quality of accident datasets. To increase the robustness and accuracy of prediction models, this paper leverages a Transformer-based architecture for the severity prediction of traffic collisions from human injury severity. This framework learns both text and sequence data from accident datasets. After comparative analysis, the framework can achieve the prediction of human injury severity under different data categories and show good prediction performance at low injury severity levels using only textual data or sequence data.
An Improved Method for Extracting Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid with Repeatable Large-Scale Collection
Authors: Wang Limei , Yang Wei , Ran Yanhong , Song Hui , Yan Xinxin , Guo Jianmin
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to explore an improved method for extracting rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), observing the impact on animal health under conditions of large-scale CSF collection and evaluating the feasibility of repeated collections. A total of 20 rats were anesthetized and fixed in a stereotactic frame. A 26G scalp needle, combined with a 1 mL syringe, was used to puncture the atlanto-occipital membrane and collect approximately 170 μL of CSF. CSF was collected twice within 14 days. During the study, animals were monitored daily for food intake, body weight, and hematological parameters, and at the end of the study, histopathological examination was performed. The health of the animals remained good, and repeated CSF collections were feasible. The success rate of the procedure was 100%, with blood contamination in the CSF decreasing from 70% in the first collection to 35% in the second. This technique is convenient, accurate, and suitable for widespread applications.
Treatment of Acid Mine Water from the Breiner-Băiuț Area, Romania, Using Iron Scrap
Authors: Iepure Gheorghe , Pop Aurica
Published: January 2025

Acid mine drainage (AMD) forms in mining areas during or after mining operations cease. This is a primary cause of environmental pollution and poses risks to human health and the environment. The hydrographic system from the Maramureș mining industry (especially the Baia Mare area) was heavily contaminated with heavy metals for many years due to mining activity, and after the closing of mining activity, it continues to be polluted due to water leaks from the abandoned galleries, the pipes, and the tailing ponds. The mineralization in the Băiuț area, predominantly represented by pyrite and marcasite associated with other sulfides, such as chalcopyrite, covelline, galena, and sphalerite, together with mine waters contribute to the formation of acid mine drainage. The Breiner-Băiuț mining gallery (copper mine) permanently discharges acidic water into the rivers. The efficiency of iron scrap (low-cost absorbent) for the treatment of mine water from this gallery was investigated. The treatment of mine water with iron shavings aimed to reduce the concentration of toxic metals and pH. Mine water from the Breiner-Baiut mine, Romania, is characterized by high acidity, pH = 2.75, and by the association of many heavy metals, whose concentration exceeds the limit values for the pollutant loading of wastewater discharged into natural receptors: Cu—71.1 mg/L; Zn—42.5 mg/L; and Fe—122.5 mg/L. Iron scrap with different weights (200 g, 400 g, and 600 g) was put in contact with 1.5 L of acid mine water. After 30 days, all three treatment variants showed a reduction in the concentrations of toxic metals. A reduction in Cu concentration was achieved below the permissible limit. In all three samples, the Cu concentrations were 0.005 for Sample 1, 0.001 for Sample 2, and <LOQ for Sample 3. The Zn concentration decreased significantly compared to the original mine water concentration from 42.5 mg/L to 1.221 mg/L, 1.091 mg/L, and 0.932 mg/L. These values are still above the permissible limit (0.5 mg/L). The Fe concentration increased compared to the original untreated water sample due to the dissolution of iron scrap. This research focuses on methods to reduce the toxic metal concentration in mine water, immobilizing (separating) certain toxic metals in sludge, and immobilizing various compounds on the surface of iron shavings in the form of insoluble crystals.
Hotel HR management: modern features
Authors:   Higher School of Management, Peoples Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Vetlugina P. A.
Published: January 2025

The importance of studying the issues of HR management development strategy for the
formation of competitive potential is obvious, since the human factor determines the success of the
implementation of management decisions and the quality of service in the hotel business. The article
examines the peculiarity of HR management and its direct dependence on external factors, such
as exchange rate volatility and state economic policy, seasonal occupancy of the hotel room stock
and variability of consumer demand, etc.
Environmental management of hotel: current issues of implementation
Authors:   Higher School of Management, Peoples Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Lee D. G.
Published: January 2025

The problems of environmental stability and nature protection in the modern world are becoming increasingly important. In this aspect, an important tool is environmental management, or known as "eco-management", which plays the role of the most important factor in achieving sustainable
development of enterprises, the desire to minimize negative consequences for nature. The article analyzes the use of eco-management in the hotel industry.
Application of public-private partnership for infrastructure development in the context of a sustainable economy: experience of Peru
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian University of Economics G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Selamovski F.
Published: January 2025

The development of the infrastructure potential is not only one of the main factors in the
formation of competitive advantages, increasing public welfare and quality of life, but also occupies a
key place in the concept of sustainable economy. However, the issue of implementing large infrastructure
projects is very difficult, especially in the context of fiscal restrictions in developing countries. In this
regard, the question of using the public-private partnership mechanism to solve national strategic issues has acquired particular importance. The considered experience of Peru has proven the feasibility of using this format for implementing capital-intensive infrastructure projects.
Hemorrhagic vasculitis. Basics of diagnostics and differential diagnosis
Authors:   State Institution «Lugansk Republican Blood Transfusion Station», Lugansk, Sakhno N. N.
Published: January 2025

Not very often, but in the practice of a general practitioner, a condition may occur when,
after an upper respiratory tract infection, influenza or sore throat, a patient develops petechial rashes,
hemorrhages in the mucous membranes, articular syndrome, and abdominal pain. The first elements
of the rash appear symmetrically, first on the lower extremities, and then spread throughout the body.
Joint lesions are characterized by severe pain and swelling; the changes usually affect large joints,i.e. knee and ankle, but sometimes smaller articular surfaces are also affected. Hemorrhages into the
intestinal wall and mesentery cause abdominal pain, flatulence, stool disorders, and possible nausea
and vomiting, sometimes mixed with blood. All these signs are characteristic of hemorrhagic vasculitis,
which is also called Henoch-Schönlein disease, capillary toxicosis, or allergic purpura. The first description
of several cases of purpura associated with arthritis was given by the German physician Johann
Schönlein in 1937, and several decades later this nosology was described in detail by Eduard Henoch
in his scientific work.