bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leader–member exchange and organizational climate effects on clinician turnover intentions
Authors: Aarons Gregory A. , Conover Kate L. , Ehrhart Mark G. , Torres Elisa M. , Reeder Kendal
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Clinician turnover in mental health settings impacts service quality, including availability and delivery of evidence-based practices. Leadership is associated with organizational climate, team functioning and clinician turnover intentions (TI). This study examines leader–member exchange (LMX), reflecting the relationship between a supervisor and each supervisee, using mean team LMX, dispersion of individual clinician ratings compared to team members (i.e. relative LMX) and team level variability (i.e. LMX differentiation), in relation to organizational climate and clinician TI.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were collected from 363 clinicians, nested in children's mental health agency workgroups, providing county-contracted outpatient services to youth and families. A moderated mediation path analysis examined cross-level associations of leader–member exchange with organizational climate and turnover intentions.

Findings

Lower relative LMX and greater LMX differentiation were associated with higher clinician TI. Higher team-level demoralizing climate also predicted higher TI. These findings indicate that poorer LMX and more variability in LMX at the team level are related to clinician TI.

Originality/value

This study describes both team- and clinician-level factors on clinician TI. Few studies have examined LMX in mental health, and fewer still have examined relative LMX and LMX differentiation associations with organizational climate and TI. These findings highlight the importance of leader–follower relationships and organizational climate and their associations with clinician TIs. Mental health service systems and organizations can address these issues through fostering more positive supervisor–supervisee relationships.
Non-conventional clinical placements and the experience of the facilitator: a phenomenology study
Authors: Hall Renee , Moxham Lorna , Perlman Dana , Tapsell Amy
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The experiences of clinical facilitators working within non-conventional mental health settings have not yet been explored. The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of clinical facilitators when facilitating nursing student learning within a non-conventional mental health clinical placement.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a qualitative phenomenological approach. The participants in this study were five registered nurses who had facilitated students at a non-conventional mental health clinical placement called Recovery Camp. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted.

Findings

The facilitators experiences could be understood through two main themes: facilitator skills and opportunities for student learning. Recovery Camp allowed the facilitators to build on their own nursing and facilitation skills, while examining themselves as a mental health nurse. “Being with” students (immersive engagement) enabled opportunistic and rare learning moments.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first known study to explore the experiences of clinical facilitators working in a non-conventional mental health placement.
Office types and workers' cognitive vs affective evaluations from a noise perspective
Authors: Otterbring Tobias , Bodin Danielsson Christina , Pareigis Jörg
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine the links between office types (cellular, shared-room, small and medium-sized open-plan) and employees' subjective well-being regarding cognitive and affective evaluations and the role perceived noise levels at work has on the aforementioned associations.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey with measures of office types, perceived noise levels at work and the investigated facets of subjective well-being (cognitive vs affective) was distributed to employees working as real estate agents in Sweden. In total, 271 useable surveys were returned and were analyzed using analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and a regression-based model mirroring a test of moderated mediation.

Findings

A significant difference was found between office types on the well-being dimension related to cognitive, but not affective, evaluations. Employees working in cellular and shared-room offices reported significantly higher ratings on this dimension than employees working in open-plan offices, and employees in medium-sized open-plan offices reported significantly lower cognitive evaluation scores than employees working in all other office types. This pattern of results was mediated by perceived noise levels at work, with employees in open-plan (vs cellular and shared-room) offices reporting less satisfactory noise perceptions and, in turn, lower well-being scores, especially regarding the cognitive (vs affective) dimension.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to compare the relative impact of office types on both cognitive and affective well-being dimensions while simultaneously testing and providing empirical support for the presumed process explaining the link between such aspects.
Toxic residues of Senegal's peanut economy
Authors: Tousignant Noémi
Published: December 2020

Exported peanuts have been a key source of state revenue and rural incomes in Senegal since the early 20th century. Senegal has among the world's highest rates of liver cancer incidence. From the 1960s, aflatoxin ‐ the toxic metabolite of fungal strains to which peanut plants are vulnerable ‐ was suspected to be a cause of this cancer. Aflatoxin has since been classified and, in markets that import Senegalese peanuts, regulated as a carcinogen. This article situates aflatoxin toxicity amid the traces of Senegal's century‐old peanut export economy. Examining how peanuts have transformed and inhabit soil, landscapes, buildings, food, bodies and aetiological knowledge, it suggests ways in which aflatoxin as well as uncertainty about its carcinogenicity might be cast as residues of a market‐oriented economy.
Checkpoint dogs: Photovoicing canine companionship in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
Authors: TURNBULL JONATHON
Published: December 2020

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is often depicted as either a wildlife refuge or an apocalyptic wasteland, which is representative of the ongoing scientific controversy regarding the effects of the 1986 nuclear catastrophe on nature in the Zone. In this article, the filthy/flourishing binary is disrupted by attending to the everyday human‐dog relations that have emerged in the Zone between dogs ‐ some of which are likely descendants of pets originally abandoned during the evacuation in 1986 ‐ and checkpoint guards. Participatory photography is deployed as method. Themes of companionship, care and commensality emerge alongside a discussion of the nature of Chernobyl dogs, which is invoked in discourses surrounding their apparent wildness, territoriality and adaptation to radiation.
A pioneering survey of deep‐diving and off‐shore cetaceans in the northern South China Sea
Authors: LIN Mingli , LIU Mingming , CARUSO Francesco , ROSSO Massimiliano , TANG Xiaoming , DONG Lijun , LIN Wenzhi , BORRONI Anna , BOCCONCELLI Alessandro , DAI Liang , LI Songhai
Published: December 2020

A pioneering boat‐based survey was conducted in 2019, to gather baseline information regarding the presence, composition, relative abundance, and spatial distribution of deep‐diving and off‐shore cetaceans in the northern South China Sea (SCS). A total of 27 sightings comprising at least 8 cetacean species were recorded during the 13‐day survey, including 5 deep‐diving species (i.e. Risso's dolphin [Grampus griseus], short‐finned pilot whale [Globicephala macrorhynchus], sperm whale [Physeter macrocephalus], Cuvier's beaked whale [Ziphius cavirostris], and an unidentified beaked whale [either the ginkgo‐toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens, or Deraniyagala's beaked whale, Mesoplodon hotaula]), as well as 3 off‐shore dolphins (i.e. pantropical spotted dolphin [Stenella attenuate], striped dolphin [Stenella coeruleoalba], and Fraser's dolphin [Lagenodelphis hosei]). With the exception of pantropical spotted dolphins, all other species were sighted and recorded at sea in the northern SCS for the first time. The pantropical spotted dolphin was the most frequently sighted species, comprising 30% of the total sightings. Deep‐diving cetaceans were mainly sighted in the northern Xisha Archipelago, whereas off‐shore dolphins were distributed across the survey area. The pantropical spotted dolphin was observed in aggregations of more than 100 individuals and nearly all encountered species included calves; these findings suggested that the survey area functions as an important feeding and calving ground for various cetacean species. This pioneering survey provides fundamental information regarding cetacean fauna in the northern SCS and highlights the need to strengthen research and conservation efforts concerning these species.
Natural history and clinical biomarkers of progression in X‐linked retinitis pigmentosa: a systematic review
Authors: Zada Mark , Cornish Elisa E , Fraser Clare L , Jamieson Robyn V , Grigg John R
Published: December 2020

X‐linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) accounts for a significant proportion of certifiable blindness in working‐age adults. The objectives of this study were to: (1) synthesize the best available evidence regarding the natural history of disease progression and (2) identify the best current clinical biomarkers for monitoring disease progression, which will be important in planned gene therapy trials for this condition. Patient population: XLRP affected males. Main outcomes: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken with data sought on overall annual progression for clinical biomarkers using optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), visual acuity, electroretinography and visual fields. To assess which outcome was best for monitoring progression, data on reliability, interocular correlation and structure‐function correlation were extracted. A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies estimated progression at between 4% to 19% per year with longitudinal data. Where an overall model was produced with cross‐sectional data, the trend was usually best fit by a logarithmic function with an annual exponential decline rate between 4.7% and 8.0%. The evidence suggested the ellipsoid zone (EZ) width on OCT and outer ring area (ORA) on FAF as the most useful biomarkers having excellent interocular symmetry, reproducibility and functional correlation. Using different clinical biomarkers, XLRP progresses at a rate of 4 to 19% per year. Ellipsoid zone (EZ) width and ORA are the most robust biomarkers with the potential to be used in trials where one eye serves as a control for the other.
Pachychoroid spectrum disease
Authors: Borooah Shyamanga , Sim Peng Yong , Phatak Sumita , Moraes Gabriella , Wu Chris Yang , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Pal Bishwanath , Bujarborua Dhiren
Published: December 2020

Recent improvements in ophthalmic imaging have led to the identification of a thickened choroid or pachychoroid to be associated with a number of retinal diseases. The number of conditions linked to this phenotype has continued to widen with specific endophenotypes found within the pachychoroid spectrum. The spectrum includes choroidal features such as focal or diffuse choroidal thickening and thinning of the overlying inner choroid, and choroidal hyperpermeability as demonstrated by indocyanine green angiography. In addition, these diseases are associated with overlying retinal pigmentary changes and retinal pigment epithelial dysfunction and may also be associated with choroidal neovascularization. This article provides a comprehensive review of the literature looking at diseases currently described within the pachychoroid spectrum including central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization, peripapillary pachychoroid disease and focal choroidal excavation. We particularly focus on clinical imaging, genetics and pathological findings in these conditions with the aim of updating evidence suggesting a common aetiology between diseases within the pachychoroid spectrum.
How to reduce the risk of organ injuries during surgical instrument insertion in laparoscopic surgery: Pushing/pressing force analysis using forceps with sensors
Authors: Makiyama Kazuhide , Osaka Kimito , Araki Azumi , Ohtake Shinji , Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Nagasaka Manabu , Yamada Takahiro , Yao Masahiro
Published: December 2020

Introduction

In laparoscopic surgery, surgical instruments are inserted from a trocar to the target organ in a blind fashion, which carries a risk of organ injury. To clarify the risks associated with surgical instrument insertion, we measured grip strength and pushing/pressing force during surgical instrument insertion in laparoscopic surgery.

Methods

Using forceps with sensors inside a trocar, 10 urologists performed a laparoscopic procedure in pigs, in which they were asked to touch the abdominal wall. The surgeons closed their eyes during the procedure and stopped moving the forceps when they felt them come into contact with the abdominal wall. They were ordered to grip the forceps strongly or softly and to move them rapidly or slowly during the procedure. Grip strength and the pushing/pressing force when the forceps hit the abdominal wall were measured and analyzed.

Results

The mean pushing/pressing force when the surgeons gripped the forceps strongly and moved them rapidly (strong/rapid), strongly/slowly, softly/rapidly, and softly/slowly were 2.8, 2.0, 1.7, and 1.1 N, respectively. The pushing/pressing force was significantly greater when the surgeons gripped the forceps strongly, regardless of the forceps speed (P < .001). The pushing/pressing force was significantly greater when the surgeons moved the forceps rapidly, regardless of grip strength (P < .001).

Conclusions

When surgeons insert laparoscopic instruments through trocars, the instruments should be gripped softly and moved slowly to avoid organ injuries.
Landscape heterogeneity shapes bird phylogenetic responses at forest–matrix interfaces in Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Adorno Bruno F. C. B. , Barros Fábio M. , Cezar Ribeiro Milton , da Silva Vinícius X. , Hasui Érica
Published: December 2020

Agricultural intensification is one of the major factors driving biodiversity loss. However, most studies in human‐dominated landscapes have used taxonomic diversity in their analysis, ignoring evolutionary relationships. Consequently, the relationship between landscape structure and phylogenetic diversity is not well understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that landscape heterogeneity is positively related to bird phylogenetic indexes of diversity and structure, leading to over‐dispersed phylogenies in very heterogeneous landscapes. We analyzed phylogenetic responses in interfaces between forest edges and anthropogenic matrices (forest–pasture and forest–eucalyptus) using generalized linear mixed models. We also compared these indexes between land covers to assess which one best preserves the phylogenetic history of communities. We used both traditional phylogenetic indexes and those corrected for species richness. Our results showed that phylogenetic diversity varied significantly between land cover types, but this did not occur when we removed effects associated with species richness, suggesting that all land covers preserve similar levels of evolutionary history. Additionally, our best models showed a positive relationship between landscape heterogeneity and bird phylogenetic indexes of diversity and structure, but the strength of these relationships may be land cover dependent. In summary, our work highlights the influence of landscape heterogeneity on the phylogenetic diversity and structure of bird communities, reinforcing the need for its incorporation into conservation‐based studies.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material
The IKEA effect in collective problem‐solving: When individuals prioritize their own solutions
Authors: Vuculescu Oana , Beretta Michela , Bergenholtz Carsten
Published: December 2020

To improve problem‐solving performance, individuals can rely on social learning. This approach is constrained by an individual's social network, which influences the efficiency of the problem‐solving process. To date, research disagrees on what kind of network structure is preferable, providing support for efficient network structures, as well as for inefficient networks. However, studies implicitly assume that solvers always imitate superior solutions, an assumption that lacks empirical grounding. We propose a simple derivation of an existing simulation framework by incorporating a known cognitive bias (‘IKEA effect’), whereby individuals are assumed to prioritize individual information. This effect allows inefficiencies to be embodied at the individual microlevel, reducing the need for inefficiencies at the structural macrolevel. Simulation results explain discrepancies in previous results, illustrating how more realistic microlevel assumptions substantially impact macrolevel outcomes.
The effect of water hardness on atopic eczema, skin barrier function: A systematic review, meta‐analysis
Authors: Jabbar‐Lopez Zarif K. , Ung Chuin Ying , Alexander Helen , Gurung Nikeeta , Chalmers Joanne , Danby Simon , Cork Michael J. , Peacock Janet L. , Flohr Carsten
Published: December 2020

Background

Hard domestic water has been reported to worsen atopic eczema (AE) and may contribute to its development in early life.

Objective

To review the literature on the relationship between the effect of water hardness (high calcium carbonate; CaCO3) on (a) the risk of developing AE, (b) the treatment of existing AE and (c) skin barrier function in human and animal studies.

Design , data sources and eligibility criteria

We systematically searched databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, GREAT and Web of Science) from inception until 30/6/2020. Human and animal observational and experimental studies were included. The primary outcomes were risk of AE and skin barrier function. Studies were meta‐analysed using a random effects model. Evidence certainty was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.

Results

Sixteen studies were included. Pooled observational data from seven studies on 385,901 participants identified increased odds of AE in children exposed to harder versus softer water (odds ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.09, 1.50; GRADE certainty: very low). Two mechanistic studies in humans reported higher deposition of the detergent sodium lauryl sulphate in those exposed to harder versus softer water. Two randomized controlled trials comparing water softeners with standard care did not show a significant difference in objective AE severity with softened water (standardized mean difference 0.06 standard deviations higher, 95% CI 0.16 lower to 0.27 higher; GRADE certainty: moderate).

Conclusions & Clinical Relevance

There was a positive association between living in a hard water (range: 76 to > 350 mg/L CaCO3) area and AE in children. There is no evidence that domestic water softeners improve objective disease severity in established AE. There may be a role of water hardness in the initiation of skin inflammation in early life, but there is a need for further longitudinal and interventional studies.
Factors related to a non‐localising technetium 99m sestamibi scan result during parathyroid adenoma imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Jackson Richard , Chew Dylan , McClean Simon , England James
Published: December 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate factors that are associated with having a non‐localising 99mTc‐sestamibi scan.

Design

A retrospective study was performed on patients that underwent parathyroid surgery performed within a single institution between 2001 and 2018.

Setting

Single tertiary centre for parathyroid surgery.

Participants

230 patients underwent surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism due to a solitary parathyroid adenoma and had preoperative 99mTc‐sestamibi imaging.

Main outcome measures

Variables including age, gender, intra‐operative location of parathyroid adenoma, adenoma weight and pre‐ and postoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were investigated through univariate and multivariate analysis to identify any association with having a non‐localising (negative) 99mTc‐sestamibi scan result.

Results

Multivariate analysis identified that right‐sided adenomas (P = .038), superior adenomas (P = .042) and a lower preoperative PTH level (P = .034) were all individual factors associated with having a negative 99mTc‐sestamibi scan result. Although the weight of the adenoma was significant on univariate analysis (P = .029), this was not demonstrated on multivariate analysis (P = .422).

Conclusion

Factors that were associated with having non‐localising 99mTc‐sestamibi scan were right‐sided adenomas, superior adenomas and lower preoperative PTH level. Further large prospective multicentre studies are needed to further evaluate these initial findings.
TRADE LIBERALIZATION, ENERGY‐SAVING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND ENERGY INTENSITY: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Chengbo , Wan Xuan
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the transmission mechanism and effects that trade liberalization influences energy intensity through energy‐saving technological change (ESTC). We construct panel data from manufacturing industries in China over the period of 1994–2017, thereby conducting empirical tests through mediation models and discontinuity regression models. The results find that trade liberalization significantly promotes the lowering of energy intensity through ESTC. Heterogeneity test results show that the trade liberalization effect is higher in industries with low barriers to entry and industries with high pollution. Fuzzy regression discontinuity (FRD) results show that energy intensity decreasing as China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). (JEL F10, F18, L60, Q43)
Teacher turnover: What can we learn from Europe?
Authors: Federičová Miroslava
Published: December 2020

Shortages of qualified teachers in primary and secondary education are very common in almost all European countries and in the US. Since high quality teachers are usually the most likely to leave, much attention has been focused on teacher turnover; retaining the best teachers can help to ameliorate teacher shortages. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this paper examines the rates and characteristics of teacher turnover across European countries. Though the numerical rates of teacher turnover have followed similar patterns, countries are very individual in other respects, including the types of positions teachers hold and how they are appraised. Moreover, from the early 1990s, Eastern European countries experienced economic transitions that have influenced teacher mobility in the long term. Thanks to SHARE, we can study the occupational trajectories of respondents in nineteen European countries. By identifying those who changed their occupation, we can learn more about teacher turnover, its characteristics across Europe and how it has been affected by economic and political transition.
Long‐term seizure outcome during continuous bipolar hippocampal deep brain stimulation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with or without mesial temporal sclerosis: An observational, open‐label study
Authors: Cukiert Arthur , Cukiert Cristine Mella , Burattini Jose Augusto , Mariani Pedro Paulo
Published: December 2020

Objective

We present the findings related to seizure outcome during hippocampal deep brain stimulation (Hip‐DBS) in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy.

Methods

Twenty‐five patients submitted to Hip‐DBS were studied. All patients were evaluated with interictal and ictal electroencephalography (EEG) and high‐resolution 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The hippocampus was targeted directly on MRI using a posterior occipital burr hole approach. Bipolar continuous stimulation was ramped up until 3.0 V (300 µs, 130 Hz). Patients were considered responders if at least 50% seizure frequency reduction was obtained.

Results

Median age was 39 years; median follow‐up time was 57 months (16 women). All patients had focal with impaired awareness seizure (FIAS) and 23 patients had focal aware seizure (FAS). Baseline median FAS and FIAS frequency was 8. Ictal EEG showed unilateral (n = 10) or bilateral (n = 15) seizure onset. MRI showed unilateral (n = 11) or bilateral (n = 8) mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and was normal in six6 patients. Fifteen patients were submitted to bilateral and 10 patients to unilateral Hip‐DBS. Median reduction in FAS frequency was 66%. Eighteen patients with FAS were considered responders and five (21%) were free of FAS. Median FIAS frequency (n = 25) reduction was 91%. Twenty‐two patients were considered responders and eight (32%) were free of FIAS. FIAS were significantly more reduced then FAS (P = .017). There was no relation between any contact’s position within the hippocampus and outcome for either FAS (P = .727) or FIAS (P = .410). There was no difference in outcome in patients submitted to either unilateral or bilateral Hip‐DBS regarding FAS (P = .978) or FIAS (P = .693).

Significance

Hip‐DBS significantly reduced the frequency of both FAS and FIAS in this cohort of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Hip‐DBS might represent a good therapeutic option in such patients not amenable to resective surgery.
Seizure control, stress, and access to care during the COVID‐19 pandemic in New York City: The patient perspective
Authors: Rosengard Jillian L. , Donato Jad , Ferastraoaru Victor , Zhao Dan , Molinero Isaac , Boro Alexis , Gursky Jonathan , Correa Daniel José , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Hung Christine , Legatt Alan D. , Patel Puja , Rubens Elayna , Moshé Solomon L. , Haut Sheryl
Published: December 2020

Objective

Our epilepsy population recently experienced the acute effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic in New York City. Herein, we aimed to determine patient‐perceived seizure control during the surge, specific variables associated with worsened seizures, the prevalence of specific barriers to care, and patient‐perceived efficacy of epilepsy care delivered via telephone and live video visits during the pandemic.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional questionnaire study of adult epilepsy patients who had a scheduled appointment at a single urban Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (Montefiore Medical Center) between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2020 during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Bronx. Subjects able to answer the questionnaire themselves in English or Spanish were eligible to complete a one‐time survey via telephone or secure online platform (REDCap).

Results

Of 1212 subjects screened, 675 were eligible, and 177 adequately completed the questionnaire. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, 75.1% of patients reported no change in seizure control, whereas 17.5% reported that their seizure control had worsened, and 7.3% reported improvement. Subjects who reported worsened seizure control had more frequent seizures at baseline, were more likely to identify stress and headaches/migraines as their typical seizure precipitants, and were significantly more likely to report increased stress related to the pandemic. Subjects with confirmed or suspected COVID‐19 did not report worsened seizure control. Nearly 17% of subjects reported poorer epilepsy care, and 9.6% had difficulty obtaining their antiseizure medications; these subjects were significantly more likely to report worse seizure control.

Significance

Of the nearly 20% of subjects who reported worsened seizure control during the COVID‐19 pandemic, stress and barriers to care appear to have posed the greatest challenge. This unprecedented pandemic exacerbated existing and created new barriers to epilepsy care, which must be addressed.
Symmetric ignorance: The cost of anonymous lemons
Authors: Bhidé Amar
Published: December 2020

Rules that restrict information required in negotiated private transactions have spurred a vast increase in the scope of anonymous financial markets, particularly in the United States. The subtle costs of the information‐restricting rules raise questions about the social value of “completing” anonymous markets that would not naturally survive and did not historically exist.
Cross‐linking mass spectrometry reveals the structural topology of peripheral NuRD subunits relative to the core complex
Authors: Spruijt Cornelia G. , Gräwe Cathrin , Kleinendorst Simone C. , Baltissen Marijke P. A. , Vermeulen Michiel
Published: December 2020

The multi‐subunit nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex consists of seven subunits, each of which comprises two or three paralogs in vertebrates. These paralogs define mutually exclusive and functionally distinct complexes. In addition, several proteins in the complex are multimeric, which complicates structural studies. Attempts to purify sufficient amounts of endogenous complex or recombinantly reconstitute the complex for structural studies have proven quite challenging. Until now, only substructures of individual domains or proteins and low‐resolution densities of (partial) complexes have been reported. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the relative orientation of different subunits within the NuRD complex using multiple cross‐link IP mass spectrometry (xIP‐MS) experiments. Our results confirm that the core of the complex is formed by MTA, RBBP, and HDAC proteins. Assembly of a copy of MBD and GATAD2 onto this core enables binding of the peripheral CHD and CDK2AP proteins. Furthermore, our experiments reveal that not only CDK2AP1 but also CDK2AP2 interacts with the NuRD complex. This interaction requires the C terminus of CHD proteins. Our data provide a more detailed understanding of the topology of the peripheral NuRD subunits relative to the core complex.

Database

Proteomics data are available in the PRIDE database under the accession numbers PXD017244 and PXD017378.
Fatigue failure criteria for structural film adhesive bonded joints with considerations of multiaxiality, mean stress and temperature
Authors: Beber Vinicius C. , Baumert Madlen , Klapp Oliver , Nagel Christof
Published: December 2020

Fatigue failure criteria for structural film adhesive joints considering multiaxiality, mean stress and temperature effects were investigated. Multiaxiality was addressed by testing butt, scarf and thick adherend shear test joints. Mean stress effect was evaluated under stress ratios of −1.0 and 0.1, and the temperature assessed at −55°C, RT and +100°C. Fatigue results were assessed using three fatigue criteria: (1) maximum principal stress, (2) linear Drucker‐Prager stress or (3) Findley's critical plane. All criteria worked well on fitting the multiaxial fatigue behaviour of joints with criteria (2) and (3) performing slightly better. However, criterion (1) is parameter‐free, which avoids data fitting. Mean stress effect was successfully described based on a Haigh transformation. Temperature effect was characterised using the criterion (1), which was capable of combining fatigue data at different temperatures. An increase of temperature led to fatigue strength reduction, meaning that a knock‐down factor approach could be used.
Management guideline for Werner syndrome 2020 1. Dyslipidemia and fatty liver associated with Werner syndrome
Authors: Tsukamoto Kazuhisa , Takemoto Minoru , Kubota Yoshitaka , Taniguchi Toshibumi , Motegi Sei‐ichiro , Taniguchi Akira , Nakagami Hironori , Maezawa Yoshiro , Koshizaka Masaya , Kato Hisaya , Mori Seijiro , Kuzuya Masafumi , Yokote Koutaro
Published: December 2020

For the purpose of examining the characteristics of dyslipidemia and fatty liver in patients with Werner syndrome in Japan in recent years, we searched all case reports of Japanese Werner syndrome reported on Medical Online and PubMed since 1996, and collected and examined the data and clinical features described in these reports. In addition, as there are few descriptions of treatment methods in these reports from Medical Online and PubMed, we analyzed 12 cases for which detailed data on treatment methods are available at Chiba University. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 133–138.
CIRCULATION, ARENAS, AND THE QUEST FOR PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE: HISTORIOGRAPHICAL CURRENTS AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORKS
Authors: ÖSTLING JOHAN
Published: December 2020

The recent surge in publications on the history of knowledge may obscure the fact that there are several parallel understandings of what the field is. In this article, I discern five major historiographical directions in contemporary scholarship regarding the history of knowledge. The analytical framework that has so far attracted the most attention is the circulation of knowledge. As productive as it is, the very concept of circulation is in need of both elaboration and theorization. In order to achieve this, I focus on the public circulation of knowledge. This kind of circulation implies that knowledge should be studied as a broad, societal phenomenon. There are a number of possible methodological approaches to study the processes, situations, or contexts where knowledge has or gains public significance. Here I focus on and develop the concept of public arenas of knowledge, which might be virtual, physical, or hybrid spaces. Drawing on several new studies, I demonstrate how different public arenas of knowledge functioned during the postwar period and how they were part of a larger infrastructure of knowledge.
WEIGHING CONTEXT AND PRACTICES: THEODOR MOMMSEN AND THE MANY DIMENSIONS OF NINETEENTH‐CENTURY HUMANISTIC KNOWLEDGE
Authors: MARCHAND SUZANNE
Published: December 2020

This essay argues that the history of knowledge, especially when applied to humanistic knowledge making, ought not to study practices of knowing to the exclusion of the peculiarities of individuals and the specifics of the wider contexts in which they operate. It uses the life and work of the Roman historian Theodor Mommsen as a case study, sketching first his qualities as a writer and political actor formed by the particularities of the post‐Romantic era. Showing that Mommsen belongs to the world of realist writers and liberal nationalist reformers, this essay then demonstrates how much these aspects of his thought‐world resonated with and informed the ways in which he practiced as a scholar. This essay aims to remind historians of the humanities that a focus on practices of knowing might bring us into exciting conversations with historians of science, but we ought not to lose touch with our colleagues in general and intellectual history.
A clinical investigation into the efficacy of miswak chewing sticks as an oral hygiene aid: A crossover randomized trial
Authors: Rifaey Noha , AlAdwani Manar , Karched Maribasappa , Baskaradoss Jagan Kumar
Published: December 2020

Objectives

This study evaluates the effect of using miswak chewing sticks on dental plaque, selected oral microbiota and gingival inflammation among patients with gingivitis.

Methods

The study was a single‐centre, single‐examiner blind, randomized, crossover study. Twenty healthy participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n = 10). Group 1 were instructed to use both toothbrush and miswak (TB+M) for the first 2 weeks from baseline (T1) and only toothbrush for the next 2 weeks (T2); and Group 2, only TB during T1 and TB+M during T2. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated at baseline (T0), T1 and T2 visits. Supra‐gingival plaque samples were taken at T0, T1 and T2. Quantification of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans from the supra‐gingival plaque samples were performed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results

The scores of GI, PI and BOP had significantly improved for both groups between T0 and T1. A significantly greater reduction in the percentage of sites with BOP was observed for TB+M group compared with TB group (TB+M group: from 32.2 to 14.93; TB group: from 34.00 to 26.0; p = .014). At T2, TB+M group had significant improvements (p < .05) in the PI, GI and BOP scores compared with TB group. There was no significant difference in the microbial counts of S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans between the two groups at the end of the study period.

Conclusions

Oral hygiene and gingival health may be improved by complementing miswak chewing sticks with toothbrushing.
BOOSTING: WHY YOU CAN USE THE HP FILTER
Authors: Phillips Peter C. B. , Shi Zhentao
Published: December 2020

We propose a procedure of iterating the HP filter to produce a smarter smoothing device, called the boosted HP (bHP) filter, based onL2‐boosting in machine learning. Limit theory shows that the bHP filter asymptotically recovers trend mechanisms that involve integrated processes, deterministic drifts, and structural breaks, covering the most common trends that appear in current modeling methodology. A stopping criterion automates the algorithm, giving a data‐determined method for data‐rich environments. The methodology is illustrated in simulations and with three real data examples that highlight the differences between simple HP filtering, the bHP filter, and an alternative autoregressive approach.
Relationship between serum zinc concentration and semen quality in newly‐wed men
Authors: Tsujimura Akira , Hiramatsu Ippei , Miyoshi Miho , Ogasa Taiki , Miyoshi Yuto , Ishikawa Keisuke , Uesaka Yuka , Nozaki Taiji , Shirai Masato , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Horie Shigeo
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To clarify factors associated with semen quality and confirm whether there is an association between semen quality and serum zinc concentration.

Methods

A semen test was performed on 217 men just after or just before marriage. Variables assessed in the study were: age; symptomatic scores, including sexual function evaluated using several specific questionnaires; endocrinological profiles, especially follicle‐stimulating hormone; and serum zinc concentrations. Based on World Health Organization criteria for assessing sperm quality, semen volume ≥1.5 mL, sperm concentration ≥15 million/mL, or sperm motility rate ≥40%, the men were grouped according to whether they had values below or above these criteria. The two groups were compared with regard to the study variables, and correlation between serum zinc concentration and semen quality was evaluated. Independent predictors for inclusion in the group with values below the criteria were investigated further.

Results

Of the 217 men included in the study, 45 (20.7%) were categorized as having values below the World Health Organization criteria. The men in this group were significantly older and had significantly worse sexual function, significantly higher follicle‐stimulating hormone levels, and significantly lower serum zinc concentrations, than those in the group with values above the criteria. There was no significant correlation between serum zinc concentration and semen quality. However, the independent predictors for having values below the criteria in binomial logistic regression analysis were follicle‐stimulating hormone and serum zinc concentration.

Conclusion

We suggest that semen analysis may be considered in men with a low level of serum zinc and high level of follicle‐stimulating hormone when developing a life plan for fertilization.
Efficacy of zinc salts to protect glass against atmospheric alteration. Part II: Possible passivation mechanisms
Authors: Alloteau Fanny , Majérus Odile , Valbi Valentina , Biron Isabelle , Lehuédé Patrice , Caurant Daniel , Lefèvre Grégory , Seyeux Antoine
Published: December 2020

To investigate the origin of the protection effect of zinc salts against glass atmospheric alteration, the speciation of Zn2+ ions on glass according to the deposit protocol and the Zn2+ surface concentration, and its change over time, was investigated in the light of the respective performances of the treatments. In that respect, a combination of various characterization methods of the glass surface and near‐surface was used before and after aging experiments (temperature, relative humidity (RH) control) of the Zn‐treated glass. Different Zn‐species could be observed on the surface of the treated glass: chemisorbed species, physisorbed species and precipitated hydroxide phases, their respective distribution being highly dependent on the nature of the treatment and on the Zn2+ surface concentration. GI‐XAS (Zn K‐edge) and ToF‐SIMS experiments pointed out the conversion by thermal activation of these surface species into chemisorbed species inserted in the glass network in the near‐surface. The chemisorbed species appear to be the most effective ones for the glass protection, possibly by making the surface less soluble, less hydrophilic and even by acting as a diffusion barrier.
Arctic chironomids of the northwest North Atlantic reflect environmental and biogeographic gradients
Authors: Medeiros Andrew S. , Milošević Đurađ , Francis Donna R. , Maddison Eleanor , Woodroffe Sarah , Long Antony , Walker Ian R. , Hamerlík Ladislav , Quinlan Roberto , Langdon Peter , Brodersen Klaus P. , Axford Yarrow
Published: December 2020

Aim

While we understand broad climate drivers of insect distributions throughout the Arctic, less is known about the role of spatial processes in determining these relationships. As such, there is a need to understand how spatial controls may influence our interpretations of chironomid environment relationships. Here, we evaluated whether the distribution of chironomids followed spatial gradients, or were primarily controlled by environmental factors.

Location

Eastern Canadian Arctic, Greenland, Iceland.

Taxon

Non‐biting midges (Chironomidae).

Methods

We examined chironomid assemblages from 239 lakes in the western North Atlantic Arctic region (specifically from the Arctic Archipelago of Canada, two parts of west Greenland (the southwest and central west) and northwest Iceland). We used a combination of unconstrained ordination (Self Organizing Maps); a simple method with only one data matrix (community data), and constrained ordination (Redundancy Analysis); a canonical ordination with two datasets where we extracted structure of community related to environmental data. These methods allowed us to model chironomid assemblages across a large bioregional dimension and identify specific differences between regions that were defined by common taxa represented across all regions in high frequencies, as well as rare taxa distinctive to each region found in low frequencies. We then evaluated the relative importance of spatial processes versus local environmental factors.

Results

We find that environmental controls explained the largest amount of variation in chironomid assemblages within each region, and that spatial controls are only significant when crossing between regions. Broad‐scale biogeographic effects on chironomid distributions are reflected by the distinct differences among chironomid assemblages of Iceland, central‐west Greenland, and eastern Canada, defined by the presence of certain common and low‐frequency, rare taxa for each region. Environmental gradients, especially temperature, defined species distributions within each region, whereas spatial processes combine with environmental gradients in determining what mix of species characterizes each broad and geographically distinct island region in our study.

Main conclusions

While biogeographic context is important for defining interpretations of environmental controls on species distributions, the primary control on distributions within regions is environmental. These influences are fundamentally important for reconstructing past environmental change and better understanding historical distributions of these insect indicators.
Improving summary writing through formative feedback in a technology‐enhanced learning environment
Authors: Kim Min Kyu , McCarthy Kathryn S.
Published: December 2020

Summary writing is a useful instructional tool for learning. However, summary writing is a challenge to many students. This mixed‐method study examined the potential of the Student Mental Model Analyzer for Research and Teaching (SMART) system to help students produce summaries that reflect key concepts and relations in a text. SMART uses the students' summary to generate a multi‐dimensional 3S (surface, structure, semantic) evaluation of the students' mental model. This model is then used to drive feedback to help students revise their summary. The current study is an initial investigation examining whether writing and revising in SMART improves students' summary quality. Students (n = 38) in a graduate‐level online course used SMART for seven reading assignments. The 38 students submitted a total of 357 summaries in response to the seven readings. In 47 cases, students produced both an initial draft and a modified revision. These 47 cases were selected for analysis. In the quantitative phase, MANOVA results indicated that students' summaries improved along the 3S dimensions from initial draft to revision. In the qualitative phase, inspection of exemplar cases revealed how students' mental models changed towards more robust and cohesive knowledge structure for texts.
Gracillin shows potent efficacy against colorectal cancer through inhibiting the STAT3 pathway
Authors: Yang Lehe , Zhu Tianru , Ye Hua , Shen Yili , Li Zhiping , Chen Luye , Wang Canwei , Chen Xia , Zhao Haiyang , Xiang Youqun , Xiao Zhongxiang , Zhao Chengguang , Li Jifa , Hu Wanle
Published: December 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for about 10% of all annually diagnosed cancers and cancer‐related deaths worldwide. STAT3 plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumours. Gracillin has shown a significant antitumour activity in tumours, but its mechanism remains unknown. The human CRC cell lines HCT116, RKO, and SW480 and immunodeficient mice were used as models to study the effects of gracillin on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. These were evaluated by cell viability, colony formation, wound‐healing migration and cell apoptosis assays. Luciferase reporter assay, and immunostaining and western blot analyses were used to explore the specific mechanism through which gracillin exerts its effects. Gracillin significantly reduces viability and migration and stimulates apoptosis in human CRC cells. It also significantly inhibits tumour growth with no apparent physiological toxicity in animal model experiments. Moreover, gracillin is found to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 target gene products. In addition, gracillin inhibits IL6‐induced nuclear translocation of P‐STAT3. Gracillin shows potent efficacy against CRC by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. It should be further explored as a unique STAT3 inhibitor for the treatment of CRC.