bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women Veterans’ perspectives, experiences, and preferences for firearm lethal means counseling discussions
Authors: Polzer Evan R. , Holliday Ryan , Rohs Carly M. , Thomas Suzanne M. , Miller Christin N. , Simonetti Joseph A. , Brenner Lisa A. , Monteith Lindsey L.
Published: December 2023

Aims

Firearms have become an increasingly common method of suicide among women Veterans, yet this population has rarely been a focus in firearm suicide prevention research. Limited knowledge is available regarding the preferences, experiences, or needs of women Veterans with respect to firearm lethal means counseling (LMC), an evidence-based suicide prevention strategy. Understanding is necessary to optimize delivery for this population.

Method

Our sample included forty women Veterans with lifetime suicidal ideation or suicide attempt(s) and firearm access following military separation, all enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration. Participants were interviewed regarding their perspectives, experiences, and preferences for firearm LMC. Data were analyzed using a mixed inductive-deductive thematic analysis.

Results

Women Veterans’ firearm and firearm LMC perspectives were shaped by their military service histories and identity, military sexual trauma, spouses/partners, children, rurality, and experiences with suicidal ideation and attempts. Half reported they had not engaged in firearm LMC previously. For those who had, positive aspects included a trusting, caring relationship, direct communication of rationale for questions, and discussion of exceptions to confidentiality. Negative aspects included conversations that felt impersonal, not sufficiently comprehensive, and Veterans’ fears regarding implications of disclosure, which impeded conversations. Women Veterans’ preferences for future firearm LMC encompassed providers communicating why such conversations are important, how they should be framed (e.g., around safety and genuine concern), what they should entail (e.g., discussing concerns regarding disclosure), whom should initiate (e.g., trusted caring provider) and where they should occur (e.g., safe spaces, women-specific groups comprised of peers).

Discussion

This study is the first to examine women Veterans’ experiences with, and preferences for, firearm LMC. Detailed inquiry of the nuances of how, where, why, and by whom firearms are stored and used may help to facilitate firearm LMC with women Veterans.
Explicit learning based on reward prediction error facilitates agile motor adaptations
Authors: Kunavar Tjasa , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Franklin David W. , Burdet Etienne , Babič Jan
Published: December 2023

Error based motor learning can be driven by both sensory prediction error and reward prediction error. Learning based on sensory prediction error is termed sensorimotor adaptation, while learning based on reward prediction error is termed reward learning. To investigate the characteristics and differences between sensorimotor adaptation and reward learning, we adapted a visuomotor paradigm where subjects performed arm movements while presented with either the sensory prediction error, signed end-point error, or binary reward. Before each trial, perturbation indicators in the form of visual cues were presented to inform the subjects of the presence and direction of the perturbation. To analyse the interconnection between sensorimotor adaptation and reward learning, we designed a computational model that distinguishes between the two prediction errors. Our results indicate that subjects adapted to novel perturbations irrespective of the type of prediction error they received during learning, and they converged towards the same movement patterns. Sensorimotor adaptations led to a pronounced aftereffect, while adaptation based on reward consequences produced smaller aftereffects suggesting that reward learning does not alter the internal model to the same degree as sensorimotor adaptation. Even though all subjects had learned to counteract two different perturbations separately, only those who relied on explicit learning using reward prediction error could timely adapt to the randomly changing perturbation. The results from the computational model suggest that sensorimotor and reward learning operate through distinct adaptation processes and that only sensorimotor adaptation changes the internal model, whereas reward learning employs explicit strategies that do not result in aftereffects. Additionally, we demonstrate that when humans learn motor tasks, they utilize both learning processes to successfully adapt to the new environments.
Heart girth best predicts live weights of market-age pigs in Tanzania
Authors: Kabululu Mwemezi L.
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to use linear body measurements to develop and validate a regression-based model for prediction of live weights (LW) of pigs reared under smallholder settings in rural areas in the southern highlands of Tanzania. LW of 400 pigs (range 7 to 91 kg) was measured, along with their heart girths (HG) and body lengths (BL). BL was measured from the midpoint between the ears to the tail base. HG was measured as chest circumference just behind the front legs. LW was determined using a portable hanging scale. An analysis of covariance was performed to test for differences in LW between male and female pigs, including age, HG and BL as covariates. LW was regressed on HG and BL using simple and multiple linear regressions. Models were developed for all pig ages, and separately for market/breeding-age pigs and those below market/breeding age. Model validation was done using a split-samples approach, followed byPRESS-related statistics. Model efficiency and accuracy were assessed using the coefficient of determination,R2, and standard deviation of the random error, respectively. Model stability was determined by assessing ‘shrinkage’ of R2value. Results showed that HG was the best predictor of LW in market/breeding-age pigs (model equation: LW = 1.22HG—52.384;R2= 0.94, error = 3.7). BL, age and sex of pigs did not influence LW estimates. It is expected that LW estimation tools will be developed to enable more accurate estimation of LW in the pig value chain in the area.
Transient CD4+ T cell depletion during suppressive ART reduces the HIV reservoir in humanized mice
Authors: Ling Lijun , De Chandrav , Spagnuolo Rae Ann , Begum Nurjahan , Falcinelli Shane D. , Archin Nancie M. , Kovarova Martina , Silvestri Guido , Wahl Angela , Margolis David M. , Garcia J. Victor
Published: December 2023

Lifelong treatment is required for people living with HIV as current antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not eradicate HIV infection. Latently infected cells are essentially indistinguishable from uninfected cells and cannot be depleted by currently available approaches. This study evaluated antibody mediated transient CD4+ T cell depletion as a strategy to reduce the latent HIV reservoir. Anti-CD4 antibodies effectively depleted CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood and tissues of humanized mice. We then demonstrate that antibody-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion of HIV infected ART-suppressed animals results in substantial reductions in cell-associated viral RNA and DNA levels in peripheral blood cells over the course of anti-CD4 antibody treatment. Recovery of CD4+ T cells was observed in all tissues analyzed except for the lung 26 days after cessation of antibody treatment. After CD4+ T cell recovery, significantly lower levels of cell-associated viral RNA and DNA were detected in the tissues of anti-CD4 antibody-treated animals. Further, an 8.5-fold reduction in the levels of intact HIV proviral DNA and a 3.1-fold reduction in the number of latently infected cells were observed in anti-CD4-antibody-treated animals compared with controls. However, there was no delay in viral rebound when ART was discontinued in anti-CD4 antibody-treated animals following CD4+ T cell recovery compared with controls. Our results suggest that transient CD4+ T cell depletion, a long-standing clinical intervention that might have an acceptable safety profile, during suppressive ART can reduce the size of the HIV reservoir in humanized mice.
Acts of citizenship in present-day Greece
Authors: Gedgaudaitė Kristina , Papanikolaou Dimitris , Trampoulis Theophilos
Published: December 2023

How do communities (fully fledged, active or imagined) perform citizenship? How do recent policies on urban planning and economic development in the city impact public space as the very site where citizenship is claimed, performed and experienced? What is the relationship between practices of memory (from personal memory, to collective and institutional) and acts of citizenship? How does the memory and the archivization of community life (in other words, the creation of a communal past) help the emergence of new demands for inclusion, rights and agonistic togetherness? Drawing inspiration from the colloquium Being Citizens Together: Rethinking Social Citizenship in Greece that took place on 11 February 2023 at the National Museum of Contemporary Art (EMST), we invited the participants of the colloquium to reflect on the notion of social citizenship in Greece. The contributions include an interview with the curators of the event Dimitris Papanikolaou and Theophilos Tramboulis with the Reviews+ co-editor Kristina Gedgaudaitė as well as critical reflections and creative writing interventions by eight of the participants: Christos Chrysanthopoulos, Sofia Dona, Brikena Gishto, Pafsanias Karathanasis, Erofili Kokkali, Iris Lykourioti, Anna Papaeti and Theo Prodromidis.
Colonial and Postcolonial Cyprus: Transportal Literatures of Empire, Nationalism, and Sectarianism, Daniele Nunziata (2020)
Authors: Pourgouris Marinos
Published: December 2023

Review of: Colonial and Postcolonial Cyprus: Transportal Literatures of Empire, Nationalism, and Sectarianism, Daniele Nunziata (2020)

Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan, 297 pp.,

ISBN 978-3-03058-235-7, h/bk, € 106.99

ISBN 978-3-03058-238-8, p/bk, € 74.89

ISBN 978-3-03058-236-4, e-book, € 58.84
Introduction assessment of flower and decorative plants of the Caribbean floral region in the conditions of the Karshi oasis
Authors: Samatova Sh. A. , Kattaboeva G. S.
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of assessing the introduction prospects of flower and ornamental plants in the conditions of the Karshi oasis. 12 introduced species and varieties from the Caribbean floristic region were taken as objects of study. Taking into account the climatic conditions of the Karshi oasis, some additions to the modified scale of N. S. Danilova are proposed. As a result of the assessment, 2 groups were distinguished: Group I - promising plants -which received 11 points each - Canna х hybrida, Cleome spinosa, Cosmos bipinnatus, C. sulphureus, Mirabilis jalapa; Group II - medium promising plants - 8-9 points - Ageratum houstonianum, Dahlia х hortensis, Gomphrena globosa, Tagetes erecta, T. patula, Zinnia marylandica, Z. linearis.
Biomorphological features of hybrid daylilies in the conditions of Southern Uzbekistan
Authors: Samatova Sh. A. , Norkhodzhaeva A. M.
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of studies of the biomorphological features of promising daylily varieties (‘Carnival Song’, ‘Celebration Song, ‘Coral Beauty, ‘Matinata, ‘Soft Jazz’) in the conditions of the Karshi oasis. Significant differences in indicators were identified. In varieties ‘Heiloon Lace’ and ‘Red Velor, the number of flowers formed in the inflorescence and the diameter of the flower are larger (10.1 ± 0.6 and 11.0 ± 0.4, respectively), while in other varieties this figure is relatively less. In varieties ‘Heiloon Lace’ and ‘Red Velor, the number of buds formed on the rhizomes was less (0.85 ± 0.26 and 1.14 ± 0.14, respectively), while in varieties ‘Banbury Contrast’ and ‘Nile Crane’, which developed fewer flowers (respectively 6.1 ± 0.3 and 8.2 ± 0.4), by the end of the growing season more buds were formed. From this, it is concluded that hybrid lilies with the highest number of flowers have the lowest vegetative reproduction rate.
OFÍCIO DE COSTUREIRA ESPAÇO HISTÓRICO DE RESISTÊNCIA FEMININA:
Authors: Rosa Mislene Aparecida Gonçalves , Cunha Daisy Moreira
Published: December 2023

Propõe-se neste artigo problematizar a naturalização de competências, o ofício de costureira foi escolhido como lócus da pesquisa porque a atividade envolve um conjunto de práticas naturalizadas associadas ao estereótipo feminino, sendo relevante ampliar a discussão para desvelar processos sócios históricos que determinam as desigualdades entre os gêneros na sociedade e na atuação profissional. A metodologia utilizada teve como aporte o método materialista histórico, em termos de técnicas e ferramentas realizou-se procedimentos referente a pesquisa exploratória, incluindo revisão da literatura e estudo de caso. O estudo de caso foi realizado em um Curso de Corte Costura mediante observação e entrevista com uma costureira em ofício. Objetivou-se demonstrar que a atividade de costurar não está ligada de forma inseparável do ser mulher, parte-se do princípio que os saberes intrínsecos ao ofício não são naturais são competências construídas em um processo não formal de qualificação profissional. O ofício de costureira é um espaço histórico de resistência feminina, constatou-se que, ainda que muitas costureiras tenham aprendido o ofício em casa sem frequentar quaisquer cursos de qualificação profissional formal, elas mobilizam saberes construindo um agir competente muito além das habilidades técnicas, elas administram seu próprio negócio tornando-se protagonistas de sua própria história.
DISCURSOS, SILENCIAMENTOS E DORES:
Authors: Salvador Moura Costa Patrícia Rosalba , Santos Claudiene , Barcelos Soliva Thiago , Santos Macedo Elielma
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o debate institucional estabelecido em torno da construção de Inquéritos Policiais – IP, registrados como casos de “estupro de vulnerável”, em uma delegacia regional, situada na região do Alto Sertão de Sergipe. O foco analítico recairá na forma como os/as operadores/as do direito lidam com esse tipo de crime e como as investigações são estabelecidas para a elaboração das peças do IP. Da mesma forma, busca-se empreender como as narrativas de vítimas e autores são construídos nos Inquéritos, e como o fato é registrado no âmbito institucional. Os dados dessa pesquisa foram produzidos a partir de quarenta e nove IP pesquisados, catalogados e analisados, entre os anos de 2012 e 2017. Destes, selecionamos seis inquéritos, que foram o foco desse exercício analítico. Os resultados apontam para um constante silenciamento dos casos de violência sexual que atingem vulneráveis, crimes que só são registrados em delegacias, após terem ocorrido mais de uma vez. A maior parte das denúncias são registradas pelas genitoras das vítimas. Em muitos casos, há denúncias anônimas através do Disque 100, o que evidencia a importância dessa política pública. Há por parte dos autores do crime a negação do mesmo, jogando a responsabilidade para a vítima. Os/as operadores/as do Direito, em processo de investigação, buscam sempre pela materialidade dos fatos. O Conselho Tutelar e o CREAS são equipamentos procurados tanto pelas famílias quanto pela delegacia para apoio às famílias e vítimas.
QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF PROTECTIVE FABRICS
Authors: Cybulska Maria , Snycerski Marek , Ornat Marian
Published: December 2023

Protective garments are designed to meet the dual needs of product/process protection and workers’ safety and comfort. In this paper, a qualitative evaluation of woven protective fabrics has been presented. The fabric parameters which are most important from the point of view of the user’s needs have been selected and analysed. Basic mechanical parameters such as breaking load, elongation at break and tear resistance were determined in certain example fabrics before and after the washing and sterilisation processes. The worker comfort was analysed by determining air and water vapour permeability and surface resistance. The barrier properties of fabrics were analysed by determining the efficiency of filtration and fabric porosity. The durability of fabrics was evaluated in respect of their ability to stand up to the washing and sterilisation processes, and of the analysis of fabric structure deformation under external loading.
POLYMERIC OPTICAL FIBRES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS IN TEXTILE INTEGRATION
Authors: Harlin Ali , Myllymäki Hanna , Grahn Kirsi
Published: December 2023

In the era of wearable computing, intelligent systems are breaking the bounds of traditional textiles and their design. The integration of the technologies with clothing, accessories, upholstery, or industrial technical textiles provides higher user-comfort and enables their seamless use in everyday activities. Polymer optical fibre (POF) materials are suitable for short-distance data transfer and can be combined with textile structures. The manufacture of the fibre is low cost, and the products are more durable than glass optic fibres. Applications for POF today are known in the automotive industry, consumer electronics, cabling, and measuring as optodes. Polymeric optical fibre (POF) made of polymethyl methacrylate PMMA has been on the market for the past 25 years, used for simple light guide and data transmission application. Perfluor (PF) polymers offer great new opportunities in the field of data communication because of low absorption losses. Optical polycarbonate (PC), and polystyrene (PS) are used for special applications. The POF materials are introduced, and their opportunities in textile integration are discussed.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR CUTTING OF WIRES AND THREADS
Authors: Ulbricht V. , Franeck J. , Schirmacher F. , Offermann P.
Published: December 2023

Strengthening threads or strings are incorporated in technical textiles for example to protect against vandalism. Among other things, the resistance to mechanical destruction (e.g. cut) depends on the material, the cross-section of the strengthening threads and the support points in the base fabric. An essential criterion for durability is the maximum size of the cutting force, which increases with the decrease in the span. In preceding investigations with spring steel wire, it was shown that an optimum apparently exists for this span. The purpose of the investigations was the development of methods for ascertaining the maximum cutter strengths on the basis of standardised experiments (tensile test) and the proof of the existence of a span optimum. The investigations will be focused on monofilament wire.
MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF WEFT-KNITTED FABRICS FOR TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Araújo M. de , Fangueiro R. , Hong H.
Published: December 2023

This paper is in four parts. The first is related to general considerations and experimental analyses, and each of the successive papers is related to different approaches to theoretical analyses of the mechanical behaviour of weft-knitted fabrics and weft-knitted reinforced composites made of glass fibre. The objective is to find ways of improving the mechanical properties and simulating the mechanical behaviour of knitted fabrics and knitted reinforced composites, so that the engineering design of such materials and structures may be improved. In Part I, general considerations, experimental analyses and ways of improving the mechanical properties of weft-knitted fabrics and knitted reinforced composites are discussed. In Part II the first model is presented, a 3D model based on the classic elastica theory, and it is used to calculate the load-extension curves of a plain weft-knitted fabric in coursewise and walewise directions. Good agreement is obtained between theoretical and experimental results. In Part III the second model is presented, a 2D model based on FEA (finite element analyses). A plain weft knitted fabric, based on the simple loop structure, is simplified and represented by a 2D hexagonal structure constructed by non-linear truss elements. The characteristics of the truss elements for FEA simulation are obtained from experimental results through an analytical method when a loop is converted to a FEA model. The elongation deformation is simulated in one, two and many directions. The model can also be used to calculate a planar knitted fabric to be deformed to fit a 3D spherical mould. In Part IV the technologies for the development of weft-knitted 3D complex shape preforms] are surveyed and a third model is presented, a 3D model based on FEA (finite element analyses). A solid representation of a 2D yarn is built up, and a MES (mechanical event simulation) is applied to obtain a 3D shaped loop. The final knitted fabric geometry is obtained by interacting this loop with the adjacent loops, according to the dimensional properties of the knitted fabrics and by using a MES. Finally, the geometry of the reinforcement inside the composite is built up, and the composite material is divided into small tetrahedric elements to obtain a mesh of finite tetrahedric elements (FEA). The average values of the mechanical properties are obtained with FEA and compared with the experimental ones.
EXAMINATION OF THE AGEING OF SELECTED SYNTHETIC FIBRES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF UV RADIATION
Authors: Lipp-Symonowicz Barbara , Sztajnowski Sławomir , Kardas Iwona
Published: December 2023

An attempt has been undertaken to assess the effect of UV radiation on the molecular and supermolecular structure of polyamide and polypropylene fibres that are characterised by various macroscopic features, colours and additives. Based on the measurements performed, the general conclusion can be drawn that UV radiation under the exposure conditions used in our experiments causes changes in both the molecular and supermolecular structures of the investigated fibres. The extent of these changes is clearly dependent on the initial fibre structure, the modifiers added and the macroscopic features.
BARRIER EFFECT OF WOVEN FABRICS USED FOR SURGICAL GOWNS
Authors: Aibibu Dilibaier , Lehmann Beata , Offermann Peter
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Surgical gowns must have a barrier effect between the sources of infection and the user
(i.e. a healthy person), as well as good wearing comfort. They are often made of woven
polyester fabrics. Different fabric constructions are available for this purpose; these are
evaluated with reference to their barrier properties.
We present an optical method of obtaining cross-section figures of woven fabrics. The
fabric is cut in warp and weft directions, and embedded perpendicularly in a cylindrical
sample carrier using an epoxy resin. After the manufactured samples have hardened,
they are smoothened and polished. Subsequently, images of the cross-sections of the
fabrics are obtained by using an optical microscope linked to a digital camera and a
computer.
The images show the microstructure of the woven fabrics, i.e. the size and distribution of
the pores in the filament yarn, and between the filament yarns with respect to the fabric
weave and yarn density. The porosity is determined by image analysis methods using
ImageC ® by Aquinto. The distributions of the width of the pores and of the pore areas
are calculated. Pore channels are shown.
The results of structural barrier effect are compared with the results of penetration tests.
Synthetic blood or particle-loaded liquids containing microspheres comparable with the
sizes of bacteria are used. The time necessary to soak the fabric with liquids or the
contamination on the back of the fabric is determined.
IONIC CROSSLINKING OF COTTON
Authors: Hauser Peter J. , Smith C. Brent , Hashem Mohamed M.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Cellulose crosslinking is a very important textile chemical process, and is
the basis for a vast array of durable press- and crease-resistant finished
textile products. N-methylol crosslinkers containing formaldehyde give fabrics desirable
properties of mechanical stability (e.g. crease resistance, anti-curl, shrinkage resistance,
durable press), but also impart strength loss and the potential to release formaldehyde, a
known human carcinogen. Other systems, e.g. polycarboxylic acids, have been tested
with varying degrees of success. We have developed methods of forming ionic
crosslinks that provide outstanding crease-angle recovery performance, as well as
complete strength retention in treated goods, without the potential for
releasing any low-molecular weight reactive materials, such as formaldehyde. Our work is
based on reactions of cellulose with materials that impart an
ionic character to the cellulose, e.g. chloroacetic acid for negative charges or
3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride for positive charges. These
reactions produce ionic celluloses that can then sorb a polyionic material of opposite
charge to form crosslinks. Cellulose treated with cationized chitosan after
carboxymethylation showed significant increases in crease recovery angles without
strength loss.
NEW TECHNIQUE FOR OPTIMISING YARN-END PREPARATION ON SPLICER, AND A METHOD FOR RATING THE QUALITY OF YARNEND
Authors: Issa Khaled , Grütz Rudi
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a method for improving the yarn-end preparation on a splicer by forming a loop outside the opening tube which assures gentle delivery of the yarn to the opening tube, as well as control of the yarn-end length which will be prepared. Twelve groups of yarns were selected and tested using the new technique and a standard splicer. The new technique for yarn-end preparation showed better results in comparison to the standard splicer, especially for high twisted and plied yarn.
DEVELOPING FIBROUS MULTIFUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES FOR TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Araujo Mario de , Fangueiro Raul , José Geraldes Maria
Published: December 2023

This paper describes a quick prototyping unit for fibrous multifunctional structures which has been set-up at the University of Minho. This unit provides for fast development of technical samples for a variety of special applications, mainly in the areas of health and well-being, sports goods, personnel protection, techno-fashion, the civil construction and building industries, composite materials, and so on. The unit works systematically through the areas of conceptualisation, design and simulation, development, manufacturing and testing of technical and intelligent textile materials and structures, providing solutions for technical problems. New structures are developed for specific applications where special requirements are needed. It provides the best solution in terms of materials, structures, technologies and cost. The technologies involved include advanced CAD systems, FEA (finite element analyses), testing of mechanical properties, permeability, conductivity, microscopy, as well as smallscale- computer controlled manufacturing of yarns, nonwovens, wovens, warp & weft knits, braids and hybrid structures. Special finishings and surface treatments, coating and lamination are also possible. The unit is used for research, education and to provide services for companies in emerging markets for advanced textile materials. Examples of the novel products developed are provided.
March 2005, Autex Research Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 67-70
Authors: Musioł M.
Published: December 2023

The paper presents a model of transverse deformation in a textile product consisting of two external layers combined with deformed elements in the middle layer. Transverse deformability of textiles is particularly significant for several-layer products, and is decisive for the utility properties of such products.
STUDY OF PROPERTY & STRUCTURAL VARIANTS OF MULBERRY AND TASAR SILK FILAMENTS
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subrata Das R. , Gulrajani M. L. , Sen Kushal
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The tensile behaviour of fully degummed filaments of two commercial varieties of silk
produced in India, namely mulberry (Bombyx mori) and tasar (Antheraea mylitta), has
been investigated in dry and wet state. The tensile properties were correlated with the
structures and morphologies of these two varieties of silk. The tenacity and elongation at
break of these silks were not significantly different in dry and wet state; however, a slight
reduction in initial modulus was noticed in wet state. The stress-strain behaviour of
mulberry silk filament was different from that of tasar in that it demonstrated a
characteristic yield point, lower modulus and elongation at break twice as high as that of
mulberry. The characteristic stress-strain behaviour of theses two varieties of silk was
correlated with density, birefringence, orientation index, sonic modulus and amino-acid
composition. Poor orientation and less order in tasar are related to the higher percent of
bulky groups present in fibroin.
NOVEL APPROACH TO STUDY COMPRESSION PROPERTIES IN TEXTILES
Authors: Murthyguru
Published: December 2023

Data analysis of a fabric.s compression properties can only be done when the limits of compression are known. The best formula is van Wyk.s, although the meaning of the physical parameter is still not clear. On the basis of van Wyk.s equation, a study of the compressibility of woven fabrics can be initiated in partnership with Pierce, Kemp and Hamilton.s approach for circular yarns and the flattened yarns of a fabric under pressure. Neural network models promise to solve the drawbacks of de.Jong.s and other models. The fit of the pressure-thickness relationship may be improved by using exponential function and the Iterative method, such as Marquardt.s algorithm for evaluating compression properties. Back-propagation promises to give better results, since the KESFB3 compression measuring instrument works by minimising error levels. The optimisation of low-stress mechanical properties is possible by using trained networks, and this venture forms an absolute method for comparing the functional properties of fabrics.
FRICTORQ, ACCESSING FABRIC FRICTION WITH A NOVEL FABRIC SURFACE TESTER
Authors: Lima Mário , Hes Lubos , Vasconcelos Rosa , Martins Jorge
Published: December 2023

A new method to characterise the coefficient of friction of textile fabrics is proposed. The principle is based on the dry clutch, where an annular shaped flat upper body that is kept still, rubs against a lower flat surface, which rotates around a vertical axis at a constant angular velocity. Friction coefficient between the two contacting surfaces is then proportional to the level of the dragging torque between them, measured by means of a precision reaction torque sensor. Contact pressure is constant, given by the own weight of the upper body. The signal from the torque sensor is digitalised through an electronic interface and fed into a PC where friction coefficient is worked out. Finally, experimental work is reported.
BRAIDED ANGLE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL BRAIDED COMPOSITE MATERIAL PREFORM USING MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY AND IMAGE TEXTURE
Authors: Zhenkai Wan , Jialu Li
Published: December 2023

This paper describes a new measuring algorithm for estimating the exterior average braided angle of a three-dimensional (3-D) braided composite material preform] based on image texture. In this project, an advanced filtered algorithm for an image of a 3-D braided composite material preform is developed on the basis of mathematical morphology. Median filter algorithms for mathematical morphology are applied in the system. The polar spectrum and main properties are investigated in the paper. Theory shows that a rotated texture’s polar spectrum is an approximate translation of the unrotated texture’s polar spectrum, and that the degree of each translation approximates to the corresponding rotation of the surface. The system was tested on both carbon and glass fibre preforms. We have obtained very encouraging experimental results, which show that the proposed method is feasible. So far, the research is a new development for measuring 3-D braided composite material preforms. The work will lay the foundation for establishing a test standard for 3-D braided composite material in China.
INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO HIGH-SPEED SPINNING USING A MAGNETICALLY-ELEVATED SPINNING RING
Authors: Abdel-hady Faissal , El Mogahzy Yehia , AbuElenin Sherif , Abdel-Kader Rabab
Published: December 2023

We introduce a new concept of ring-spinning. The model system built on the basis of this concept is capable of producing yarns at a production rate of up to 4 times that of the traditional ring-spinning system. This is a direct result of a ring rotational speed of up to 40,000 rpm. This new concept is termed ‘magnetic spinning’, and it principally consists of a lightweight rotor suspended magnetically inside a fixed stator; the rotor can spin freely inside the stator. The stator is equipped with four magnetic actuators that always keep the rotor in its central position. The rotor in this configuration replaces the ring and traveller in the traditional spinning system. The system’s concept and control analysis are discussed in this paper.
EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA ON DIFFERENT WOOL DYEING SYSTEMS
Authors: Chi-wai Kan
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment on the dyeing
properties of wool were studied. Wool fibres were treated with oxygen plasma and three
types of dyeing systems that are commonly used for wool dyeing, namely: (i) acid dye, (ii)
chrome dye and (iii) reactive dye; were used in the dyeing process.
For acid dyeing, the dyeing rate of LTP-treated wool fibre was greatly increased, but the
final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium did not show any significant change. For chrome
dyeing, the dyeing rate of LTP-treated wool fibre was increased, but the final dyeing
exhaustion equilibrium was increased only to a small extent. In addition, the rate of the
afterchroming process was similar to the chrome dyeing process. In the case of reactive
dyeing, the dyeing rate of LTP-treated wool fibre was greatly increased and also the final
dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was increased significantly.
As a result, it may be concluded that the LTP treatment could improve the dyeing
behaviour of wool fibre under different dyeing systems.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CAPILLARY RISE IN FABRICS USING AN ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Hamdaoui Mohamed , Fayala Faten , Perré Patrick , Nasrallah Sassi Ben
Published: December 2023

Abstract

An electrical method has been used to study capillary rise in fabrics. This method is based on the measure of the
electrical resistance and leads to the determination of time-space water content evolution. The obtained results
allowed us to deduce the capillary pressure curve of the fabrics and the flow velocity.
A COMPARATIVE QUALITY OPTIMISATION BETWEEN RING SPUN AND SLUB YARNS BY USING DESIRABILITY FUNCTION
Authors: Souid Hajer , Babay Amel , Sahnoun Mehdi , Cheikrouhou Morched
Published: December 2023

The present study was conducted to develop a credible approach to determine the quality of ring spun and slub yarns by virtue of criteria incorporating combinations of the fundamental fiber characteristics. Critical yarn parameters are to be investigated. The values of these tested properties were introduced into a database that ranked the quality of the yarn against industry standards. The paper investigates the possibilities of using the global optimization superimposed diagram response surface methodology in order to identify the spinner feasibility conditions across the customer yarn quality requirements. The spinner approach consists of optimizing the yarn count and twist. We have also studied the customer approach to optimize the yarn responses simultaneously by the use of the desirability functions. The response optimizer searches for a combination of input variables that jointly optimize the set of the responses by satisfying the customer requirements for each response in the set.
SIMULATION OF A RAPID NIP PRESSURE STRIKE AND ITS EFFECT ON PRESS FELT SAMPLES
Authors: Hakala Tomi , Harlin Ali
Published: December 2023

Special technical textiles are used in papermaking to support, transfer, and dewater the paper web. These textiles, paper machine cloths, have many essential functions connected to their position on the paper or board machine. Mechanical wet pressing uses press felts, whose porosity and resiliency are important for effective dewatering. Water is squeezed out by two overlapping paper machine rolls, which form a nip. After squeezing, the porous felt should be void and return to its original thickness to ensure efficient dewatering. Friction forces are also present at the nip, since abrasive interfaces occur between the cloths and the rolls by pressure, heat, and movement. Thus in time, the harsh papermaking process wears out the press felt, deteriorating its quality. At high machine speed, defects in press felts, rolls, or other parts of the nip environment can cause runnability problems such as noisy run, that is, vibration in the pressing section, decreasing paper quality and output capacity. This study sought for a new way to simulate the ambiguous nip phenomenon on laboratory scale and to find out a way to predict this noisy run problem. A dynamic test method, the Hopkinson Split Bar, was used to define the ease with which strike energy passed through from the upper roll to the lower roll and the damping of strikes by new and worn felt samples. In our study, the elasticity of the press felt was strongly linked with the ageing time. Decreased elasticity lets a nip impulse more easily through the press felt.
COMPARITIVE STUDIES ON RING ROTOR AND VORTEX YARN KNITTED FABRICS
Authors: N. Anbumani , Rameshkumar C. , Anandkumar P. , Senthilnathan P. , Jeevitha R.
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ring, Rotor and Air vortex spinning systems provide yarn with different structures and properties. Each system has its limitations and advantages in terms of technical feasibility and economic viability. 30's Ne, 100%cotton yarns were produced from the above systems and knitted in single jersey machine .The Rotor Spun yarns found with frequent breakage during knitting. Comparatively good knitting performances have shown by the Ring and Air vortex yarns. Tensile, evenness and hairiness of the yarns and bursting strength, abrasion resistance, pilling, drapability and color matching of the knitted fabrics were studied. The Ring spun yarns have high strength, low imperfection, and good bursting strength. It has high 'S3' value. Abrasion resistance of Rotor and Vortex yarns made fabrics were found higher than the ring spun yarns. Ring yarn knitted fabric has high bursting strength, Air-vortex yarn knitted fabric has poor drape due to stiffer yarn structure and the MVS yarn fabric has poor pilling resistance. Rotor, MVS yarns made fabrics have good abrasion resistance. Drapability of Vortex yarn knitted fabrics was poor than ring and Rotor yarn knitted fabrics. Good and equal depth of dye shade was found with Ring and Air vortex yarn made knitted fabrics. Ring yarn knitted fabric has shown smooth feeling than the other two fabrics.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COTTON/POLYESTER CORE SPUN YARN MADE USING RING AND AIR-JET SYSTEMS
Authors: Pramanik P. , Patil Vilas. M.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The manufacture of core yarn from polyester-cotton is one of the most important developments in the textile
industry. The use of core yarns is mainly aimed at improving the strength, comfort, durability, aesthetics, and
other functional properties of the final yarn. This article reports the results of investigation of core spun yarns
made from polyester filament as core and cotton as sheath material manufactured using both ring and air-jet
spinning systems. Polyester filaments with different proportions were chosen for the core component and cotton
was used as the sheath. A total of twelve different core yarns were made on different spinning systems (i.e. six on
air-jet and six on ring frame systems) and the yarn properties were compared with those of 100% cotton ringspun
yarn. It was observed that core yarns had improved physical properties compared to 100% cotton ringspun
yarn in many respects such as yarn strength, elongation, energy to break, and yarn imperfections. Only airjet
core yarn showed lower yarn strength than 100% cotton yarn but the same yarn excelled in other properties
compared to 100% cotton yarn.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF COMMINGLING PARAMETERS ON GLASS / POLYPROPYLENE HYBRID YARNS PROPERTIES
Authors: Mankodi Hireni , Patel Pravin
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to discuss effect of commingling parameter on characteristics of Glass/Polypropylene
commingled hybrid yarns to get homogenous mix of matrix and reinforcement elements in the final yarn. A
commingling machine developed to produce hybrid yarn using two techniques viz. mingling technique and
hollow spindle wrapping technique using single machine is highlighted .The machine can run at speed upto 800
meters/min and for hybrid yarn it can go up to 200 meters/min. To study the effect of parameter three variable
namely Air pressure, Overfeed and Take-up speed are take in to consideration and the Box-Behanken design
is used for experimental setup. The hybrid yarn samples have been evaluated to investigate the influence of
process variables the commingling characteristics of hybrid yarn viz. nip frequency; nip stability and nip regularity
have also been studied. 'MINITAB' software is used for the analysis of test results. It was observed that effects of
individual parameter as well as interaction effects are equally important in deciding final yarn quality. The
structural analysis of hybrid yarn is done using SEM (Scanning electron microscope). To study the mixing
behaviour of glass/polypropylene hybrid yarn three different methods have been used to prepare hybrid yarn
viz. Friction spinning, hollow spindle wrapping, commingling. Its was clearly observed that commingled process
gives better homogenous mixing of glass and polypropylene filaments compare to other two method. This yarn
is used to make final laminate sample using hot press.
FAST AND EFFICIENT SURFACE TREATMENT FOR NONWOVEN MATERIALS BY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA
Authors: Heikkilä Pirjo , Väänänen Riikka , Tuominen Mikko , Kuusipalo Jurkka , Harlin Ali
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Plasma treatments can be used for the nano-scale surface modification of different materials including nonwovens.
Penetration of plasma into solid matter is very limited, but it can penetrate into porous structures. Therefore
plasma can be used to modify not only the outer surface, but also the surfaces of fibres within and the other side
of the porous structure of nonwoven material. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of continuous
atmospheric plasma treatment for the modification of porous nonwoven materials. Firstly, the penetration of
plasma through layered, porous samples, and secondly, the effect of the plasma exposure time on the surface
properties and mechanical properties of the samples were studied. We found that the plasma penetrated
through three nonwoven layers. It also seemed that the plasma was retained inside the samples for a while after
initial exposure, thus increasing the effective exposure time. An increase of exposure time further by controlling
line speed did not have significant influence on the efficiency of the treatment. The mechanical properties of the
material were not prominently affected by the treatment. Our results suggest that it is possible to conduct twosided
plasma treatment on porous nonwoven materials as a continuous process with a speed feasible to be
combined with conventional textile processing.
NEW METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF WOVEN FABRIC UNEVENNESS
Authors: Jiraskova Petra , Mouckova Eva
Published: December 2023

Unevenness of woven fabric results from irregularity of the yarn used as well as from the process of its manufacture (weaving). A periodical and non-periodical yarn irregularity shows itself in the flat textile by known effects - the moiré effect, cloudiness, and stripiness. It is possible to predict the appearance of flat textiles from measured values of yarn mass irregularity and their characteristic functions (a spectrogram, a variance-length curve). The evaluation of surface unevenness of woven fabrics is done not directly but by judging their appearance, most often subjectively. For evaluation of flat textile appearance, it is also possible to use a so-called area-variation curve. The curve can be constructed on the basis of analysis of a woven fabric image either by a special program, created by J. Militky (Technical University of Liberec) in the programming environment Matlab, or by means of image analysis. By these methods it is possible to evaluate an image of real flat textile as well as a simulated image from an apparatus for yarn irregularity measurement. The woven fabric image is in grey scale. The variation coefficient of greyness degrees expresses the unevenness of flat textiles. In the experiment both real woven fabric images and simulated appearances of woven fabric, obtained by means of the apparatus Uster Tester IV, are evaluated by the methods mentioned above. The acquired area-variation curves are compared with each other and compared with visual evaluation of the woven fabric image. It was found that area-variation curves show only marked unevenness of woven fabric.
THERMAL RESISTANCE OF ORGANIC NANOPARTICLE COATINGS FOR HYDROPHOBICITY AND WATER REPELLENCE OF PAPER SUBSTRATES
Authors: Samyn Pieter , Schoukens Gustaaf , Kiekens Paul , Mast Peter , Abbeele Henk Van den , Stanssens Dirk , Vonck Leo
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The modification of paper substrates by organic nanoparticle coatings offers an attractive alternative for creating
hydrophobic and water-repellent surfaces without fluorinated chemicals. The nanoparticles were synthesized
by imidization of poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) and applied to a standard paper grade by means of a laboratory
bar-coating process. The effects of supplementary heat treatments of the coated papers were investigated in
terms of coating morphology and hydrophobicity: a unique coating structure is formed with a combination of
microdomains that are internally structured at the nanoscale. The relatively high glass transition temperature of
the nanoparticles allows for good thermal stability of the coating with almost no morphological changes at
heating up to 180°C. The changes in chemical composition were investigated by diffuse reflectance infrared
spectroscopy (DRIFT) and UV/VIS spectroscopy. The latter techniques qualitatively describe the effects of thermal
treatments on the imide and styrene moieties. Contact angle measurements indicate that there is an optimum
curing temperature in order to obtain a maximum advancing contact angle of 133° to 150°.
MASS CUSTOMISATION OF FLAT KNITTED FASHION PRODUCTS: SIMULATION OF THE CO-DESIGN PROCESS
Authors: Peterson Joel , Larsson Jonas , Mujanovic Malik , Mattila Heikki
Published: December 2023

In 1995, the Japanese manufacturer Shima Seiki introduced the first complete garment knitting machine capable of producing a ready-made flat knitted article under the trade name WholeGarment. Recently, the company also developed a co-design software tool, Ordermade WholeGarment®, for the customisation of knitted fashion garments. Factory Boutique Shima, their retail shop for on-demand production of customised knitted garments, makes it possible for clients to modify a knitted garment according to personal taste in style, colour, pattern and size. This study examines how such a process streamlines the interaction between customer and shop personnel, while expediting the programming of the knitting machine. In comparing the manual co-design process with the Ordermade WholeGarment® system, we used a computer simulation to analyse the efficiency and lead times of each concept. The case study method was employed with an inductive approach based on company visits and interviews.