bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CECT in Pulmonary Thrombolism
Authors: Pramod Shaha , Skanda Ragi , Amol Bhoite , Asif Tamboli , Amol Gautama
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common acute heart disease after myocardial infarction and stroke and is a major public health problem. PE is a disease that has high morbidity and mortality, yet it is challenging to obtain a diagnosis.

Objective: The study aims to assess the role of MDCT-PA in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, and it's associated conditions in suspected cases of pulmonary embolism.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of radiology in KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY situated in KARAD equipped with a 16 slice MDCT scanner (EMOTION) manufactured by Siemens.

Results: Through the study period of one and half year and have met the inclusion criteria, a total of 90 consecutive patients who presented with suspicion of PE were referred for MDCT-PA in the department of radio-diagnosis, Krishna Hospital, Karad. A review of all the cases was done, and the results were presented in the form of tables.

Conclusion: Multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography can be used to confidently diagnose pulmonary embolism in which it is not contraindicated. MDCT-PA is the investigation of choice because it is a rapid, non-invasive study, highly sensitive and specific.
Herbal Approaches for Alzheimer Disease: A Review
Authors: Yoggeta . , Bhatia Deepika , Bhatti Manisha
Published: December 2021

"Plague of the Twenty-First Century," or “Alzheimer disease” is anneuro-degenerative disease that influenced the world's elderly population. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is expected to increase to one hundred thirty-five million by 2050, with no treatment(s) currently available to cure or monitor the disease's progression. The current treatment(s) have lesscapability to manage symptoms or delay disease development, and they can cause serious side effects. The cost of overall treatment is high for both the patients and their caregivers or family members. As an example, there is an serious requirement to find safer alternative treatments for better management of Alzheimer's disease. The various Indian herbal medicines such as Centella asiatica,Celastruspaniculatus Curcuma longa, Clitoriaternatea,Bacopa monnieri, Withania somnifera, has been reviewed in this article. Eclipta alba, Desmodiumgangeticum, Evolvulusalsinoides, Moringa oleifera, and Convolvulus pluricaulis are among the plants that have shown promising effect in the treatment related to cognitive disability.
Effect of Dementia Educational Program on Formal Caregivers Burden in Elderly Homes
Authors: Rezq Khulud Ahmad , Gutierrez Jesusa V.
Published: December 2021

Background: Dementia disease is usually identified among older patients, but it is not a part of the normal aging process. The number of Dementia's patients in the Arab countries is increasing due to increased longevity and improvement in the health care system. This study aimed to assess the effect of an educational program on Formal Caregivers Burden in Elderly Homes.

Methodology: This study employed a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design. The study was conducted in three elderly nursing private homes in Amman, Jordan using purposive sampling of 50 formal caregivers.

Results: Dementia patient’s caregivers’ burden was decreased after program implementation, with statistically significant between pre- post, and three months after program implementation (p<.001). Findings demonstrated that the formal Dementia caregiver’s education program can effectively decrease burden among caregivers.

Recommendation: Conducting continuing education program for Dementia patient’s caregivers in the nursing homes to promote their practices and decrease their burden.
Measurement of Adherence Level of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Drugs use in Patients in the Primary Health Centers in Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia, using MMAS Instrument
Authors: Arfania Maya , Frianto Dedy , Astuti Diany , Anggraeny Ebta Narasukma , Kurniawati Triani , Alivian Robby , Alkandahri Maulana Yusuf
Published: December 2021

Aims: This study aims to determine the level of drug adherence in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the Cilamaya Kulon Primary Health Center area, Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia.

Study Design: The measurement of adherence level was carried out using the MMAS (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) instrument.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Cilamaya Kulon Primary Health Center area, specifically in Bayur Lor and Pasirukem Primary Health Centers, Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia, from July to September 2021.

Methodology: A cross-sectional design with a purposive sampling data collection method was used. Furthermore, the subjects were pulmonary TB patients from the Bayur Lor and Pasirukem Primary Health Centers, Karawang Regency. The instrument used was the MMAS questionnaire sheet, and data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22.0) and continued with statistical tests using the chi-square test.

Results: The results showed there was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between age, gender, educational status, employment status, income level, smoking status, duration of treatment, drugs side effects, medication supervision, and patient motivation for drugs adherence in the Cilamaya Kulon Primary Health Center area. Furthermore, the level of medication adherence of pulmonary TB patients at this Primary Health Center area was high with a value of 84.13%.

Conclusion: Adherence to medication in pulmonary TB patients was not influenced by age, gender, educational status, employment status, income level, smoking status, duration of treatment, drug side effects, medication supervision, and patient motivation. Therefore, the adherence level is included in the high category.
Morphometric Study of Cadaveric Spleen in Vidarbha Region
Authors: Chimurkar Vilas K. , Anjankar Vaibhav , Ghewade Prajakta , Anjankar Anil J.
Published: December 2021

Background: Spleen is one of the largest lymphoid organs that are involved in haemopoitic function also during fetal life. Its anatomy is useful not only for Anatomist but also for Surgeons, Radiologists and Physicians. A lot of variations are observed in the spleen from its shape to size which is important to diagnose or treat the number of diseases.

Methodology: This study was carried out on 60 spleens in the dissection hall of our medical college which were removed during routine undergraduate dissection. The parameters studies were shape of the spleen, number of notches (single or multiple), location of notches (Superior or inferior border), weight, breadth, width or length.

Results: The 90% spleens has single notch. The weight of the spleens ranges from 89 gm to 220 gm with an average 142.6 gm. Range of breadth observed 3.5cm to7.4cm with an average 5.8cm, Range of width observed 2.8cm to 5.7cm with an average 4.1cm. Range of length observed 8.1cm to13.2cm with an average 11.7cm.

Conclusion: Morphological variation is very common in spleen and varies according to the genetic, geographic, nutrition and work habits of individual and varies regions to regions of India. Morphological analysis is under reported and need to be carry out at different regions and places for obtaining more accurate data.
A Literature Review on Urtica dioica: An Ordinary Creature with Extraordinary Features
Authors: Rani Sheetal , Bhatia Deepika , Yogeeta .
Published: December 2021

Urtica dioica Linn is a popular medicinal plant that is native to Europe and is very commonly found in Temperate Asia, Western and Northern Africa, America and New Zealand. It is a traditional medicine used widely in various kind of treatment as was believed to be galactagogue – a substance that promotes lactation. It is well recognized in Ayurveda due to its multidimensional pharmacological and therapeutic effects as the compress of nettle help to revive Rheumatoid arthritis, Muscle pain, Sciatic and as Rasaan tonic as it constitutes various beneficial phytochemicals. It is popularly known for its stinging action. Its chemical compounds are highly irritating mainly histamine. Traditionally, the leaves and roots are used as a blood purifier, emmenagogue, nasal hemorrhage, eczema and diarrhea.
On the state of the Abbey Church of Holyrood subsequently to the devastations committed by the English Forces in the years 1544 and 1547
Authors: Laing David
Published: December 2021

David Laing presents a historical account of this church from its founding in 1128 to the proposed visit of Charles I in the 17th century. He includes a series of original letters and Acts of Privy Council from 1626-1641 relating to the alterations and repairs made for this visit. He then briefly outlines the later history of the church that led to its ruined state. Laing concludes by arguing that there is no point in the Society proposing a restoration of the old edifice or the construction of a new one, but that clearing the soil and grass from the original foundations and installing a gravel path around them would allow visitors to view what is left of the site. His proposal that the Society present a Memorial on the subject was accepted by those present and a committee was appointed to draft the Memorial.
Description of an ancient tomb discovered near Stonehaven
Authors: Stuart John
Published: December 2021

An account of the discovery of a stone tomb and its contents near Stonehaven. There is no suggestion of when this tomb could be dated to, but there is a description of the state of decay of the body inside the tomb.
Notice of the discovery of some ancient Arms and Armour, near Glenfruin, on the Estate of Sir James Colquhoun of Luss, Baronet
Authors: Stewart Hope J
Published: December 2021

Hope Stewart describes some of the weapons and armour found near Dumfin hill. The three finds were all made at different times but within an mile and a half of one another. After a brief description of the surrounding area and some of the local legends associated with it, Stewart gives a detailed description of the items and the circumstances under which they were found.

 

The first find is a peaked helmet that the author argues may have been from someone that took part in the Battle of Glenfruin (1602) that took place further up the river Fruin. The second find consisted of a trooper's helmet, possibly from the same battle and an earlier bronze spearhead, which is similar to other spearheads that are already in the Society's collection. The final items found in this area were an iron sword that had been bent in half, another large spearhead and a cup-like vessel. The author proposes that these items may have been part of a burial hoard but does not specify that a grave was found near Dumfin.
Notes and Drawings of some ancient monuments of Asia, compared with those of Europe
Authors: Wise T A
Published: December 2021

Mr Wise argues that the similar design of stone monuments in Western Europe and India suggests that the two cultures share a common origin. He states that if this link can be established, then details of ancient European culture might be inferred from contemporary Hindu practice. He examines similar stone structures found in Scotland and India and their uses in Indian culture. He ends by emphasising the importance of accurate plans and drawings of these monuments to aid comparison. 

 

What follows is an announcement that the restoration of the Chapel of St Margaret had finished, including a painted glass window with the dates of its founding and restoration (1093 and 1853 respectively). Society members met in the chapel on 21 March 1853. At a meeting on 11 April 1853 one fellow was elected.
Notice of the discovery of a beautiful enamelled gold ring, believed to have belonged to King James V., found in the ruins of Tantallan Castle
Authors: James Henry
Published: December 2021

Captain Henry James exhibited a gold ring that he bought from a surveyor who found it in Tantallon Castle. He describes the decoration on the ring, including the initials 'J. R.' and he notes that if these initials stood for 'James Rex' the ring could have belonged to one of Scotland's Stuart kings. Captain James argues that it may have belonged to James IV and then James V based on documentary evidence that the Queen of France gave James IV a ring not long before he died. At the meeting it was suggested that the initials might read 'I. K.' and that some of its design features indicated it might be older than the sixteenth century.
Notice of an ancient Celtic Brooch, the property of William Rose Campbell
Authors: Campbell William Rose
Published: December 2021

An account of a brooch owned by the Ballochyle family which the family acquired when the Laird of Ballochyle married the daughter of Lamont of Lamont. It is accompanied by a plate with a lithograph of the brooch.
Notice of the recent discovery of several fine bronze swords, and other bronze relics, in Forfarshire
Authors: - -
Published: December 2021

The Secretary of the Society read out a notice that four bronze swords and a large spearhead had been found near Brechin. An engraved bronze scabbard also found on the site is believed to be a unique find.
Notice of discoveries of 'Celtic Pipes' in the vicinity of Edinburgh; with some remarks on the period to which they belong
Authors: Wilson Daniel
Published: December 2021

A notice of the discovery of 'Celtic' tobacco pipes found near Bonnington. The pipes were found alongside coinage from the time of James VI, which Dr Wilson argues can be used to date these pipes to James VI's reign.
Notice of the discovery of a curious bronze cross and chain, in a stone cist, at Kingoldrum, Forfarshire
Authors: Chalmers Patrick
Published: December 2021

A notice that a bronze cross and chain had been found in a cist near Kingoldrum.
Notice of the remains of an ancient stone building, discovered near the Village of Newstead, Roxburghshire
Authors: Smith John Alexander
Published: December 2021

Further to his earlier articles on the Roman finds at Newstead, John Alexander Smith offfers more detail about the remains of a building that he had previously been unable to examine in depth. He relates the dimensions and composition of the remaining foundational walls, as well as examining the evidence that this building is of Roman origin. He speculates on what the roof of this building may have looked like and suggests that this may have been used as storage for offerings or as an underground temple.
Communication regarding the articles of Treasure Trove
Authors: Henderson John
Published: December 2021

First communication of the meeting.
Silver Brooches Found in Middelbie Church
Authors: Dawson Aeneas McDonald
Published: December 2021

The Rev. JEneas M'Donald Dawson of Dunfermline presented three silver brooches, found in the ruins of the ancient' church of Middelbie, Annandale, Dumfriesshire, 1849. Several other brooches are also exhibited.
A visit to the Royal Cemetery of Barons Bruce I. II. III. IV. and VII., in the ancient Abbey of St Mary, at Giseborough, in Cleveland, now North-Riding, Yorkshire:
Authors: Surenne Gabriel
Published: December 2021

Notice of a paper Mr Surenne intends to publish as a separately.
Communication regarding the proposed National Exhibition of Scottish Portraits
Authors: Christie Alexander
Published: December 2021

Communications regarding the opening of a National Exhibition of Portraits of Illustrious Scotsmen. Contains the letter from the Society to the Board of Trustees for Manufactures in Scotland and the reply indicating that the Society should contact the Royal Scottish Academy who were undertaking a project with similar aims. The Council agreed to do so and the session was adjourned on November 30th, 1854.
Trinity College Church, Edinburgh
Authors: - -
Published: December 2021

A memorial to the Lord Provost and Magistrates.

This marks the end of part I of this volume, covering the Society's 72nd session, 1851–2.
Anniversary Address
Authors: - -
Published: December 2021

After a report on the illustrations and printing of part I of the Proceedings was presented by the Council, the Society's Senior Vice-President Lord Murray delivered the anniversary address. He congratulated the Society on the printing of the Proceedings, noting that it would be a valuable resource for archaeological research, particularly for researchers not based in Edinburgh. He asserts his belief that the society will prove beneficial to Scottish archaeology through its preservation of historical artefacts and documents, but also by inspiring others to do the same. He then remembers the Fellows who passed away in this year. He concludes by emphasising the benefits of the Museum's new location for art students studying historical design.

 

There follows the meeting minutes for the meeting held December 13, 1852, including the election of Alexander Henry Rhind.
Preliminaries for Part II
Authors: - -
Published: December 2021

Selected meeting notes.

[The year of the Society session is identified as 1853–4 in the printed text – likely a misprint.]
Preliminaries for Part III
Authors: - -
Published: December 2021

Prelims for the full first volume of the Proceedings. Includes a table of contents and a list of illustrations.
Letter from the Glasgow Branch of the Architectural Institute
Authors: Wilson Charles H , Guild J W
Published: December 2021

A letter from the Secretaries of the Architectural Institute in Glasgow to Alexander Christie (Secretary of the Society). The letter proposes that the Architectural Institute and the Society collaborate to create moulds of the architectural features of some nationally important buildings to be displayed at an Architectural Exhibition taking place in 1855. The response to this communication was broadly positive and Fellows requested more details of the proposal.

 

Meeting notes for 15 January, 1855 are appended.
Notes regarding a box which was presented by Alexander Pope, the Poet, to his supposed relative, the Rev. Alexander Pope, Minister of Reay, Caithness-shire
Authors: Chambers Robert
Published: December 2021

The article begins by briefly discussing Rev Alexander Pope's character before moving on to the interactions that this clergyman had with Alexander Pope the poet. Some of the letters the two exchanged are quoted and the gifts given from the poet to the reverend are also described. The author concludes by speculating whether the two might have been distantly related but is unable to provide any conclusive evidence that they were.
Note on a Silver Reliquary bequeathed by E W A D Hay, found among his coins
Authors: Scott W H
Published: December 2021

A reliquary was found amongst the donated coin collection of E W A D Hay. The author believes that Mr Hay may not have known that it was included in his donation.

 

Meeting notes for 14 February, 1855 are appended.
Notice of a 'Burgh,' Recently Opened in the Island of Burray, Orkney
Authors: Farrer James
Published: December 2021

Details of the author's excavations of 'The Pict's Castle' on Burray reveal the dimensions and materials used in the site's construction. Mr Farrer also remarks on the finds made during the excavation, but does not speculate on the site's purpose.
On the Present State of the Ruins of Iona, and their Preservation
Authors: Laing David
Published: December 2021

David Laing, one of the Society's secretaries, summarises the communications the Society has received regarding the preservation of several sites on Iona in the form of a letter addressed to one of the Society's Vice-Presidents. He explains what archaeological features are present on each site, before discussing whether the Society could get involved to preserve them. Mr Laing also includes suggestions by a Fellow of the Society on how monuments from the churchyard of the Abbey Church could be preserved and presented so that visitors could appreciate them without damaging them further.
Preliminaries for Part I
Authors: - -
Published: December 2021

Office-bearers (1855-6)

List of the Fellows (1856)

List of honorary members of the Society (1856)

[The year of the Society session is identified as 1855–6 in the printed text – likely a misprint.]
Forma valor e valorização do espaço
Authors: Costa Bruno Moreira Riani
Published: December 2021

Entendemos que a consideração da forma social do valor pode atribuir novas determinações à noção de valorização do espaço, contribuindo para a ampliação de sua capacidade explicativa. Para tanto, há no presente artigo uma interlocução entre a abordagem marxista da forma valor e a vertente da tradição crítica da geografia brasileira que propõe, como objeto da geografia, a análise dos processos de valorização do espaço. Nota-se alguns pontos de incompatibilidade entre ambas, em cujo cerne entendemos estar a extensão concedida à noção de valorização: mais ampla na tradição geográfica e mais restrita na abordagem da forma valor. Neste quadro, sugerimos uma distinção entre produção do espaço e valorização do espaço: se ao primeiro termo poderia ser concedida significação ampla, correspondente ao conjunto das práticas de determinada sociedade instaladas sobre o conjunto de seus objetos geográficos, entendemos que o segundo termo poderia corresponder a um tipo específico de produção do espaço, ocorrido quando os próprios objetos geográficos são os objetos de valorização. Seguindo esta indicação, discutimos brevemente algumas das maneiras pelas quais entendemos ocorrer tais processos de valorização do espaço, em conformidade com a circunscrição histórica do valor como expressão de relações sociais específicas, como ressaltado pela abordagem da forma valor.
Scripted spot removal in PBS proton therapy planning
Authors: Hedrick Samantha G. , Walker Bryant , Morris Bart , Petro Scott , Blakey Marc
Published: December 2021

Background

It is well known in proton therapy that the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is not constant across the entire Bragg peak, with higher RBE at the distal end of the Bragg peak due to higher linear energy transfer (LET). Treatment planning systems are moving toward LET optimization to mitigate this potentially higher biological impact at a track end. However, using a simple script, proton users can begin to simulate this process by deleting spots from critical structures during optimization. In most cases, nominal target coverage and plan robustness remain satisfactory.

Methods

In our clinic, we developed a script that allows the user to delete spots in all organs at risk (OARs) of interest for one or more treatment beams. The purpose of this script is to potentially reduce side effects by eliminating Bragg peaks within OARs. The script was first used for prostate patients where spots in the rectum and sigmoid, outside of the overlap with the target, were deleted. We then began to use the script for head and neck (H&N) and breast/chestwall patients to reduce acute side effects of the skin by removing spots in a 0.5‐cm skin rind.

Conclusions

By utilizing a simple script for deleting spots in critical structures, we have seen excellent clinical results thus far. We have noted reduced skin reactions for nearly all H&N and breast patients.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes Among Recipients of Anti‐CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies for Immune‐Mediated Diseases: A Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Patel Naomi J. , D'Silva Kristin M. , Hsu Tiffany Y‐T. , DiIorio Michael , Fu Xiaoqing , Cook Claire , Prisco Lauren , Martin Lily , Vanni Kathleen M. M. , Zaccardelli Alessandra , Zhang Yuqing , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Wallace Zachary S.
Published: December 2021

Objective

Patients with immune‐mediated diseases treated with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies may have worse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes due to impaired humoral immunity, but differences compared with the general population are unknown.

Methods

We identified patients with immune‐mediated diseases who received anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies within 1 year prior to the index date of polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID‐19 between January 31, 2020, and January 31, 2021. General population comparators with COVID‐19 were matched up 5:1 by age, sex, and polymerase chain reaction date. Unadjusted and multivariable adjusted (for age, race, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index) hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and death in recipients of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies versus comparators were estimated by using Cox regression.

Results

We identified 114 cases patients COVID‐19 who had received anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies for immune‐mediated diseases (mean age 55 years, 70% female) and 559 matched comparators with COVID‐19 (mean age 54 years, 70% female). Patients treated with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies had higher mortality (adjusted HR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.03‐4.54) than matched comparators. Risks of hospitalization (adjusted HR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.62‐1.26) and mechanical ventilation use (adjusted HR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.36‐1.87) were similar. Similar trends were seen in analyses according to type of indication (eg, rheumatic or neurologic disease) and duration of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody use (<1 or ≥1 year) and after patients with interstitial lung disease, those with cancer, and those on glucocorticoids prior to COVID‐19 diagnosis were excluded.

Conclusion

Patients who received anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies for immune‐mediated diseases prior to COVID‐19 had higher mortality following COVID‐19 than matched comparators, highlighting the urgent need to mitigate excess risks in recipients of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies during the ongoing pandemic.
Cryo‐Electron Tomography of Highly Deformable and Adherent Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Exoskeleton in Li‐Metal Batteries with Ether‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Han Bing , Li Xiangyan , Wang Qi , Zou Yucheng , Xu Guiyin , Cheng Yifeng , Zhang Zhen , Zhao Yusheng , Deng Yonghong , Li Ju , Gu Meng
Published: December 2021

The 3D nanocomposite structure of plated lithium (LiMetal) and solid electrolyte interphases (SEI), including a polymer‐rich surficial passivation layer (SEI exoskeleton) and inorganic SEI “fossils” buried inside amorphous Li matrix, is resolved using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. With ether‐based DOLDME‐LiTFSI electrolyte, LiF and Li2O nanocrystals are formed and embedded in a thin but tough amorphous polymer in the SEI exoskeleton. The fast Li‐stripping directions are along or , which produces eight exposed {111} planes at halfway charging. Full Li stripping produces completely sagging, empty SEI husks that can sustain large bending and buckling, with the smallest bending radius of curvature observed approaching tens of nanometers without apparent damage. In the 2nd round of Li plating, a thin LiBCC sheet first nucleates at the current collector, extends to the top end of the deflated SEI husk, and then expands its thickness. The apparent zero wetting angle between LiBCC and the SEI interior means that the heterogeneous nucleation energy barrier is zero. Due to its complete‐wetting property and chemo‐mechanical stability, the SEI largely prevents further reactions between the Li metal and the electrolyte, which explains the superior performance of Li‐metal batteries with ether‐based electrolytes. However, uneven refilling of the SEI husks results in dendrite protrusions and some new SEI formation during the 2nd plating. A strategy to form bigger SEI capsules during the initial cycle with higher energy density than the following cycles enables further enhanced Coulombic efficiency to above 99%.
Improvement of Laser Shock Peening Depth Through Regulation of Surface Optical Absorption
Authors: He Guangzhi , Yan Jianfeng , Zhu Dezhi , Xie Jiawang
Published: December 2021

Laser shock peening is conducted to enhance the mechanical properties of metals. Efficient optical absorption of metal surface is desirable to increase the laser shock peening depth. In this work, a method is proposed to regulate the absorption behavior by surface colorizing to increase the affected depth and magnitude of nanosecond laser shock peening (NLSP). Colorized samples are fabricated with high absorption of 400–1500 nm, which is 89% higher than that of un‐colorized samples. This regulated optical response is attributed to the multi‐reflection/absorption behavior within nano‐to‐micro‐scale structures. Nano‐to‐micro‐scale structure‐based approaches offer controllable concurrent tailoring of a higher residual stress depth and greater magnitude. Black samples exhibit higher affected depth (64.71%) and magnitude (17.87%) values for the compressive residual stress than un‐colorized samples with unit peak power density after NLSP. Experimental results show that coarse grains are refined on surfaces, and the depths of grain refinement and dislocation propagation increase for colorized samples, which exhibit a regulated surface optical behavior. Therefore, this study presents a promising approach that the regulation of surface optical absorption of metals can be incorporated into the improvement of laser shock peening depth.
Photovoltaic‐Ferroelectric Materials for the Realization of All‐Optical Devices
Authors: Makhort Anatolii , Gumeniuk Roman , Dayen Jean‐François , Dunne Peter , Burkhardt Ulrich , Viret Michel , Doudin Bernard , Kundys Bohdan
Published: December 2021

Following how the electrical transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, the realization of an optical transistor in which the flow of light is controlled optically should open the long‐sought era of optical computing and new data processing possibilities. However, such function requires photons to influence each other, an effect which is unnatural in free space. Here it is shown that a ferroelectric and photovoltaic crystal gated optically at the onset of its bandgap energy can act as an optical transistor. The light‐induced charge generation and distribution processes alter the internal electric field and therefore impact the optical transmission with a memory effect and pronounced nonlinearity. The latter results in an optical computing possibility, which does not need to operate coherently. These findings advance efficient room temperature optical transistors, memristors, modulators and all‐optical logic circuits.
Materials Engineering toward Durable Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhu Jianbing , Zheng Yun , Xiao Meiling , Gao Rui , Zhang Zhen , Wen Guobin , Dou Haozhen , Deng Ya‐Ping , Yu Aiping , Wang Zhenbo , Chen Zhongwei
Published: December 2021

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have penetrated many commercial markets, especially in the automotive market as Toyota has launched the first commercially mass‐produced fuel cell vehicle, the Mirai in 2014. Electrocatalysts play an irreplaceable role in determining the PEMFCs, performance and account for half of the total cost. Despite substantial progress in exploiting highly active platinum group metal (PGM) and PGM‐free electrocatalysts, current electrocatalysts are faced with significant durability challenges, i.e., high‐performance electrocatalysts usually suffer from rapid degradation during PEMFC operation. The lifetime of the reported electrocatalysts is far from the requirement of performing steadily over the 8000 h of operation in commercialized PEMFCs. To this end, addressing the durability issues of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is imperative for their practical employment in PEMFCs. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art advances in understanding the durability issues of PGM and PGM‐free catalysts for ORR under fuel cell conditions and the materials engineering strategies to tackle these issues are summarized. The insights into the durability issues, involving the degradation mechanisms and the impact of operation conditions are reviewed. Establishing strategies to mitigate catalyst degradation through rational design of stable PGM and PGM‐free catalysts is highlighted.
Skeletal Muscle Changes Assessed by Preoperative Computed Tomography Images Can Predict the Long‐Term Prognosis of Stage III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yokoi Keigo , Tanaka Toshimichi , Kojo Ken , Miura Hirohisa , Yamanashi Takahiro , Sato Takeo , Yamashita Keishi , Kumamoto Yusuke , Hiki Naoki , Naitoh Takeshi
Published: December 2021

Background

Myopenia and myosteatosis are reported to be long‐term prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the established parameters are unsuitable for the Japanese population because their body composition is different from that of the Western population.

Objective

We aimed to elucidate the effect of skeletal muscle changes among Japanese adults, measured using preoperative computed tomography (CT) as a prognostic factor in patients with stage III CRC.

Patients

We retrospectively analyzed 341 patients diagnosed with stage III CRC. The cross‐sectional area (skeletal muscle index: SMI) and mean radiodensity of skeletal muscle (skeletal muscle radiodensity: SMR) were measured using preoperative CT. The optimal sex‐specific cutoff value, which was used to divide the patients according to the risk of recurrence, was set for SMI and SMR. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the prognostic factors for recurrence‐free survival (RFS).

Results

The cutoff values of SMI for men and women were set as 48.5 and 41.4, respectively, and those of SMR were 35.0 and 21.7, respectively. Univariate analysis identified low SMI and SMR in men and low SMR in women as the worst prognostic factors for RFS. Multivariate analysis identified low SMI in men and low SMR in women as independent poor prognostic factors for RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–3.47, P = .03 and HR = 2.49, CI, 1.21–4.95, P = .01).

Conclusion

Low SMI in men and low SMR in women were the independent prognostic factors for patients with stage III CRC.
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) in an 8‐year‐old girl caused by a homozygous pathogenic splicing variant in GAN gene
Authors: Guo Yufan , Su Qunyan , Zhu Xueying , Wang Jianda , Lou Yuting , Miao Pu , Wang Ye , Zhang Bijun , Jin Yuting , Gao Liuyan , Xu Xiaoxiao , Chen Wangyang , Sheng Min , Feng Jianhua
Published: December 2021

Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive disease that involves the peripheral and central nervous systems. This neurodegenerative disease is caused by variants in the GAN gene encoding gigaxonin, and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Herein, we performed whole‐exome sequencing on a 8‐year‐old child with dense, curly hair, weakness in both lower limbs, and abnormal MRI. The child was born to consanguineous parents. Our results revealed that the child carried the c.1373+1G>A homozygous pathogenic variant of the GAN gene, while both parents were heterozygous carriers. According to the validation at the cDNA levels, the splicing variant led to the skipping of exon 8 and affected the Kelch domain's formation. Unlike the previously reported cases of GAN, the child's clinical manifestations revealed peripheral nervous system involvement, no vertebral signs, cerebellar signs, and spasticity, but only MRI abnormalities. These results suggested that the patient's central nervous system was mildly involved, which may be related to the genotype. In order to further clarify the correlation between GAN genotype and phenotype, combined with this patient, 54 cases of reported homozygous variants of the GAN gene were merged for the analysis of genotype and phenotype. The results revealed a certain correlation between the GAN gene variant domain and the patient's clinical phenotype, such as central nervous system involvement and age of onset.
Transcatheter treatment of complex pulmonic and aortic valvular disease following failed Ross procedure
Authors: Aziz Mohammad , Sidhu Rajbir , Stinis Curtiss T.
Published: December 2021

A 63‐year‐old man with congenital bicuspid aortic valve disease and complex surgical history (that includes a Ross procedure complicated by cardiac arrest requiring emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery, multiple subsequent sternotomies to treat a failed pulmonic homograft and pseudoaneurysm repair of the left and right ventricular outflow tracts (LVOT/RVOT), bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement, and aortic valve endocarditis) presented with worsening heart failure symptoms secondary to bioprosthetic aortic valve failure and recurrent pulmonic valve stenosis successfully treated with transcatheter intervention.
AgPd Nanoparticles Anchored on TiO2 Derived from a Titanium Metal–Organic Framework for Efficient Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid
Authors: Sun Xue , Li Fang , Wang Zhimiao , An Hualiang , Xue Wei , Wang Yanji
Published: December 2021

TiO2 with a disc‐like morphology was prepared by direct pyrolysis of a titanium metal–organic framework [MIL‐125(Ti)] in air. Highly dispersed bimetallic AgPd nanoparticles were then anchored on TiO2 and their catalytic performance in the dehydrogenation of formic acid was systematically investigated. The Ag/Pd ratio had a significant effect on the catalyst activity, with Ag2Pd8/TiO2 exhibiting the highest total turnover frequency value of 2579 h−1 at 60 °C under an ambient atmosphere. This excellent performance was attributed to the low‐crystallinity anatase phase structure and large specific surface area of the TiO2 carrier, the alloying effect of the AgPd nanoparticles, and abundant electron transfer between the carrier and metal alloy nanoparticles.
Highly Efficient and Low‐Cost Clay‐Based Adsorbent for Glyphosate Removal from Contaminated Water
Authors: Nargis Farzana , Duong Ann , Rehl Erwin , Bradshaw Charles , Kazemian Hossein
Published: December 2021

Glyphosate removal from contaminated water by natural clay, natural zeolite, commercial kaolin, bentonite, and sepiolite was compared. Natural clay showed high removal efficiency next to purified kaolin. The adsorption data for natural clay better fitted the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The adsorbent dose was found to be the most important process parameter while the pH did not exhibit any significant effect. An optimization study allowed achieving the highest removal efficiency and sorption capacity. The correlation coefficient R2 of the regression model indicated that the observed results fitted well with the model prediction.
Big data based analytic model to predict and classify breast cancer using improved fractional rough fuzzy K‐means clustering and labeled ensemble classifier algorithm
Authors: K Srikanth. , Zahoor Ul Huq S. , Siva Kumar A. P.
Published: December 2021

Breast cancer is a very dangerous disease that mainly affects women. It is a deadliest disease that highly affects the women's life. Therefore, it is necessary to predict and classify this deadly disease for early diagnosis. There exist numerous data mining techniques for early prediction and classification of this disease. The big data based analytical model provides the better solution for storing, manipulating, and analyzing a great number of mammographic images. In this article, a new improved fractional rough fuzzy K‐means clustering strategy is considered for disease prediction. Then, a new Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA) is introduced to optimize the weight parameters. TSA is a bio‐inspired metaheuristic optimization approach. Finally, the labeled ensemble classifier (LEC) is utilized for classifying the stages of breast cancer as malignant and benign. Here, the data is randomly generated from breast cancer Wisconsin dataset (diagnosis) obtainable on UCI machine learning repository. The proposed strategy is compared with different existing strategies, like Logistic Regression Classifier, Random Forest Classifier. From the analysis, it is observed that the proposed big data based analytical model using LEC provides 99.3% accuracy that is very high when compared to the accuracy of existing approaches.
Spatial matrix completion for spatially misaligned and high‐dimensional air pollution data
Authors: Vu Phuong T. , Szpiro Adam A. , Simon Noah
Published: December 2021

In health‐pollution cohort studies, accurate predictions of pollutant concentrations at new locations are needed, since the locations of fixed monitoring sites and study participants are often spatially misaligned. For multi‐pollution data, principal component analysis (PCA) is often incorporated to obtain low‐rank (LR) structure of the data prior to spatial prediction. Recently developed predictive PCA modifies the traditional algorithm to improve the overall predictive performance by leveraging both LR and spatial structures within the data. However, predictive PCA requires complete data or an initial imputation step. Nonparametric imputation techniques without accounting for spatial information may distort the underlying structure of the data, and thus further reduce the predictive performance. We propose a convex optimization problem inspired by the LR matrix completion framework and develop a proximal algorithm to solve it. Missing data are imputed and handled concurrently within the algorithm, which eliminates the necessity of a separate imputation step. We review the connections among those existing methods developed for spatially misaligned multivariate data, and show that our algorithm has lower computational burden and leads to reliable predictive performance as the severity of missing data increases.
Rapid renutrition improves health status in severely malnourished inpatients with AN ‐ score‐based evaluation of a high caloric refeeding protocol in severely malnourished inpatients with anorexia nervosa in an intermediate care unit
Authors: Cuntz Ulrich , Körner Thorsten , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: December 2021

Objective

Refeeding syndrome is a feared complication of refeeding patients with anorexia nervosa. There are now a number of controlled studies showing that refeeding with an initial high calorie count is more beneficial than cautious refeeding and is safe under continuous monitoring. However, there have yet not been studies in severe anorexia nervosa.

Method

We present an observational study in two different samples. The first sample consists of those 1075 out of a total of 3230 patients with anorexia nervosa treated in our hospital within 4 years for whom a complete admission laboratory was available and who had an age of at least 18 years at admission. A risk score was calculated from the number of pathological laboratory values out of 12 parameters indicating either refeeding syndrome or health hazards related to malnutrition. The second sample was obtained from a special ward for patients with eating disorders medically at‐risk. During the period in question, 410 patients with anorexia nervosa were treated there. 142 patients had a BMI of 13 or less and at the same time a complete data set with the mentioned 12 laboratory parameters at admission and weekly in the following 4 weeks after admission.

Results

The risk represented by the laboratory parameters is significantly and negatively correlated to BMI and much higher for the group of patients with a BMI below 13 than for those with a higher BMI (χ2 sig < 0.000). The 142 patients in the special care unit gain an average of more than 4.1 kg within 4 weeks on the high‐calorie diet. With this rapid weight gain, the risk score decreases highly significantly. Neither hypophosphatemia nor rhabdomyolysis is found under phosphate substitution. Hyperhydration occurred often, which manifests itself in the drop in haematocrit by the second week.

Discussion

Under thorough medical surveillance, supplementation of phosphate and thiamine, and substitution of electrolytes whenever necessary rapid renutrition appeared to be save even in extremely malnourished inpatients with anorexia nervosa. As measured by the laboratory values, the health status of the severely malnourished patients improves significantly on a high‐calorie diet. Except for hyperhydration, there was no evidence of a refeeding syndrome.
Soil Contamination and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by a Tropical Earthworm Species (Alma nilotica) at Informal E-Waste Recycling Sites in Douala, Cameroon
Authors: Nfor Brian , Fai Patricia Bi Asanga , Tamungang Simon Awafor , Fobil Julius N. , Basu Niladri
Published: December 2021

Soil contamination at electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites is pervasive, though many locations have yet to be studied. While such contamination can present risks to soil organisms, little is known on the risks to native species. The objective of the present study was to assess soil contamination by heavy metals at e-waste recycling sites, and the potential of Alma nilotica, a native earthworm species, to bioaccumulate these metals. Soil samples collected from eight informal e-waste recycling sites and two non-e-waste sites in Douala, Cameroon, were analyzed for metal content. Metal concentrations in earthworm juveniles exposed to the soils for 21 days followed by a 14-day post-exposure period were measured weekly. Mean soil metal concentrations at e-waste sites ranked as Cu > Pb > Zn > Hg > Ni > As > Cd > Co > Cr. Based on contamination factors, soil contamination ranged from “moderate” (Cr), through “considerable” (Co and Cd), to “very high” for the rest of the metals. Based on the modified degree of contamination and risk index, all e-waste sites had “ultra-high” contamination with Ni, Pb, and Zn posing very high ecological risks and Bonaberi being the most contaminated site. There was a positive correlation between soil metal concentrations and metal accumulation (retention) by eathworms, but Hg and Co had the highest bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) despite having low soil concentrations. These results document that e-waste sites in Douala are contaminated with metals and that native earthworm species can bioaccumulate the studied metals at levels that could account for the toxic effects earlier recorded. With e-waste recycling growing worldwide, there is a need for more data, especially from understudied locations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:356–368. © 2021 SETAC
De Novo Assembly of the Nearly Complete Fathead Minnow Reference Genome Reveals a Repetitive but Compact Genome
Authors: Martinson John W. , Bencic David C. , Toth Gregory P. , Kostich Mitchell S. , Flick Robert W. , See Mary J. , Lattier David , Biales Adam D. , Huang Weichun
Published: December 2021

The fathead minnow is a widely used model organism in environmental toxicology. The lack of a high-quality fathead minnow reference genome, however, has severely hampered its uses in toxicogenomics. We present the de novo assembly and annotation of the fathead minnow genome using long PacBio reads, Bionano and Hi-C scaffolding data, and large RNA-sequencing data sets from different tissues and life stages. The new annotated fathead minnow reference genome has a scaffold N50 of 12.0 Mbp and a complete benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs score of 95.1%. The completeness of annotation for the new reference genome is comparable to that of the zebrafish GRCz11 reference genome. The fathead minnow genome, revealed to be highly repetitive and sharing extensive syntenic regions with the zebrafish genome, has a much more compact gene structure than the zebrafish genome. Particularly, comparative genomic analysis with zebrafish, mouse, and human showed that fathead minnow homologous genes are relatively conserved in exon regions but had strikingly shorter intron regions. The new fathead minnow reference genome and annotation data, publicly available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the University of California Santa Cruz genome browser, provides an essential resource for aquatic toxicogenomic studies in ecotoxicology and public health. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:448–461. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Abstract

The de novo assembly of the high-quality fathead minnow reference genome revealed the compact and repetitive genome of fathead minnow and its phylogenetic relationship with other model species.