bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balancing signals in the intestinal niche
Authors: van Neerven Sanne M , Vermeulen Louis
Published: February 2017

During intestinal regeneration, opposing gradients of Wnt and BMP signaling ensure successful differentiation along the crypt/villus axis. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Horiguchi et al () show how intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts can influence cell fate decisions in the regenerating intestine via autocrine secretion of angiopoietin‐like protein 2 (ANGPTL2).
Transcription factor family‐specific DNA shape readout revealed by quantitative specificity models
Authors: Yang Lin , Orenstein Yaron , Jolma Arttu , Yin Yimeng , Taipale Jussi , Shamir Ron , Rohs Remo
Published: February 2017

Transcription factors (TFs) achieve DNA‐binding specificity through contacts with functional groups of bases (base readout) and readout of structural properties of the double helix (shape readout). Currently, it remains unclear whether DNA shape readout is utilized by only a few selected TF families, or whether this mechanism is used extensively by most TF families. We resequenced data from previously published HT‐SELEX experiments, the most extensive mammalian TF–DNA binding data available to date. Using these data, we demonstrated the contributions of DNA shape readout across diverse TF families and its importance in core motif‐flanking regions. Statistical machine‐learning models combined with feature‐selection techniques helped to reveal the nucleotide position‐dependent DNA shape readout in TF‐binding sites and the TF family‐specific position dependence. Based on these results, we proposed novel DNA shape logos to visualize the DNA shape preferences of TFs. Overall, this work suggests a way of obtaining mechanistic insights into TF–DNA binding without relying on experimentally solved all‐atom structures.
The Existence of Local Wisdom Value Through Minangkabau Dance Creation Representation in Present Time
Authors: Indrayuda Indrayuda
Published: February 2017

This paper is aiming at revealing the existence of local wisdom values in Minangkabau through the representation of Minangkabau dance creation at present time in West Sumatera. The existence of the dance itself gives impact to the continuation of the existence of local value in West Sumatera. The research method was qualitative which was used to analyze local wisdom values in the present time Minangkabu dance creation representation through the touch of reconstruction and acculturation as the local wisdom continuation. Besides, this study employs multidisciplinary study as the approach of the study by implementing the sociology anthropology of dance and the sociology and anthropology of culture. Object of the research was Minangkabau dance creation in present time, while the data was collected through interview and direct observation, as well as documentation. The data was analyzed by following the technique delivered by Miles and Huberman. Research results showed that Minangkabau dance creation was a reconstruction result of the older traditional dance, and through acculturation which contains local wisdom values. The existence of Mianngkabau dance creation can affect the continuation of local wisdom values in Minangkabau society in West Sumatera. The existence of dance creation has maintained the Minangkabau local wisdom values in present time.
Audience Perception of Effective Communication in Nigerian Paintings
Authors: Abodunrin Johnson Adelani
Published: February 2017

Artists in Nigeria perceived effective communication differently irrespective of the socio-economic status.Communication effectiveness depends largely on the understanding of the message being passed between a sender and a receiver. Painting has been used over time to express emotion and feeling to the perceiving audience. The study is audience’s perception of communication in Nigeria painting and how it varies with the socio-economic characteristics such as age, education, gender, and being professional artist or art lovers. Questionnaires were distributed and administered to examine how the status of the art audience makes or mars effective communication in painting. The inferential statistics that were employed include “chi-square test” to test the relationship between different variables. The data were taken in ordinal form using Likert’s scale, and transformed into interval data. This was done by attaching statistical weights to the responses in the order of importance which were summed up for the parametric testing. Findings show that gender factor has nothing to do with the understanding of paintings. Also, the level of education obtained by the audience does not have much to do with understanding of contemporary Nigerian painting but a better exposure to the issue concerning the stylistic development of Nigerian painting. Art practitioners must adequately be guided on stylistic trend in painting, art education should be more intensified in educational curriculum in Nigeria. The paper concludes that audience requires a better exposure to the issues concerning the stylistic development of Nigerian painting for effective communication to take place.
Political Practice and Its Implication on Folk Art Marginalization (Case Study of Wayang Orang/ Human Puppet Ngesti Pandhowo)
Authors: Lanjari Restu
Published: February 2017

The government, political practice, both reflected in the government, politics, policies and the attitude of the public figure, influences the existence of folk art that is overshadowed by changes as the results of modernization and industrialization. The aim of this research is to find out the marginalization of folk art because of political practice. This research was done using a qualitative approach while the subject of this research was Ngesti Pandhawa Human Puppet Group. The result of this research showed that folk art could be marginalized because of the influence of the changes in economic and politic that was formulated inside the modernization waves and technology development that offered new values. The attention of the government on the existence of folk art was still being questioned because of politic budget. The budget for art was extremely small compared to the budget for sport. The existence of folk art depended on the favor and interest of the local leaders, especially political interest.
Oleate attenuates palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in placental trophoblasts
Authors: Colvin Bryanne N , Longtine Mark S , Chen Baosheng , Costa Maria Laura , Nelson D Michael
Published: February 2017

Pre-pregnancy obesity is increasingly common and predisposes pregnant women and offspring to gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth abnormalities and stillbirth. Obese women exhibit elevated levels of the two most common dietary fatty acids, palmitate and oleate, and the maternal blood containing these nutrients bathes the surface of trophoblasts of placental villi in vivo. We test the hypothesis that the composition and concentration of free fatty acids modulate viability and function of primary human villous trophoblasts in culture. We found that palmitate increases syncytiotrophoblast death, specifically by caspase-mediated apoptosis, whereas oleate does not cause enhanced cell death. Importantly, exposure to both fatty acids in equimolar amounts yielded no increase in death or apoptosis, suggesting that oleate can protect syncytiotrophoblasts from palmitate-induced death. We further found that palmitate, but not oleate or oleate with palmitate, increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, signaling through the unfolded protein response, and yielding CHOP-mediated induction of apoptosis. Finally, we show that oleate or oleate plus palmitate both lead to increased lipid droplets in syncytiotrophoblasts, whereas palmitate does not. The data show palmitate is toxic to human syncytiotrophoblasts, through the induction of ER stress and apoptosis mediated by CHOP, whereas oleate is not toxic, abrogates palmitate toxicity and induces fat accumulation. We speculate that our in vitro results offer pathways by which the metabolic milieu of the obese pregnant woman can yield villous trophoblast dysfunction and sub-optimal placental function.
Respuestas al estrés por calor en los cultivos. I. Aspectos moleculares, bioquímicos y siológicos.
Authors: Chaves-Barrantes Néstor Felipe , Gutiérrez-Soto Marco Vinicio
Published: February 2017

El objetivo de esta revisión fue integrar los mecanismos por los cuales las plantas responden al estrés por calor a lo largo del continuo suelo-planta-atmósfera, desde una perspectiva agronómica. Esta revisión presenta las bases siológicas del estrés por calor, para lo cual se examinaron las temperaturas óptimas y los umbrales de estrés por calor en los cultivos, las metodologías para su estudio, y las respuestas moleculares, bioquímicas y siológicas de las plantas a altas temperaturas. Se describe el efecto de las altas temperaturas sobre la estructura y el metabolismo celular, la respiración y la aclimatación de la Q10, la estabilidad de las membranas, la acumulación de osmolitos compatibles, la producción de pigmentos y metabolitos secundarios, la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) y enzimas antioxidantes, la producción de proteínas de estrés, y el efecto sobre la fotosíntesis y la partición de asimilados. Además, se discuten los cambios hormonales que regulan la respuesta de las plantas en el campo, su señalización y la aclimatación al estrés térmico.
La sal en el queso: diversas interacciones.
Authors: Ramírez-Navas Juan Sabastián , Aguirre-Londoño Jessica , Aristizabal-Ferreira Víctor Alexander , Castro-Narváez Sandra
Published: February 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el efecto de la sal sobre algunas propiedades físicas del queso, su interacción con los componentes del queso, y el efecto del contenido de sodio sobre la salud de los consumidores. La sal es un ingrediente importante, ya que determina en gran parte la calidad del producto y la aceptación del consumidor. El salado del queso tiene in uencia en la calidad debido a sus efectos sobre la composición, el crecimiento microbiano y la actividad enzimática. Ejerce una in uencia signi cativa sobre la reología y textura, así como en la maduración, principalmente a través de sus efectos sobre la actividad del agua. Los niveles de sal en queso van desde aproximadamente 0,6% p/p hasta aproximadamente 7% p/p. Debido a que el consumo de queso está aumentando en todo el mundo, se debe dar importancia a la reducción de la sal sin afectar su consumo. Entre las estrategias que se han planteado con tal n está la sustitución parcial de la sal por otros compuestos. Pero el inconveniente de la sustitución del NaCl es su efecto sobre las propiedades sensoriales, la composición química, la proteólisis y la textura del queso. Otra interesante alternativa para el reemplazo del NaCl, es el uso de la tecnología de membranas para obtener permeado rico en sales provenientes del lactosuero; la adición de estas sales en la elaboración quesera, produce quesos bajos en sodio, con buena textura.
SEBARANLONGITUDINAL FITOPLANKTONDI SUNGAIMARO, KABUPATENMERAUKE, PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Astuti Lismining Pujiyani , Sugianti Yayuk
Published: February 2017

Sungai Maro merupakan salah satu sungai besar di Kabupaten Merauke, berfungsi sebagai habitat ikan hias yang bernilai ekonomis penting yaitu ikan arwana (Scleropages jardinii) dan kakap batu (Datnioide aquadraticus). Wilayah sekitar sungai merupakan rawa-rawa yang merupakan habitat ikan arwana terutama di wilayah tengah sampai hulu sungai. Fitoplankton merupakan produser dan pakan alami beberapa jenis ikan di SungaiMaro. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sebaran longitudinal fitoplankton yang ada di SungaiMaro, Kabupaten Merauke. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan survei dan pengambilan contoh dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2007 di lima stasiun pengamatan pada lokasi pemijahan ikan arwana di ruas Sungai Maro. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah komposisijenis dan kelimpahan fitoplankton. Hasil pengamatan di lima stasiun pengamatan, ditemukan lima kelas fitoplankton yang terdiri atas kelas Chlorophyceae (14 genus), Cyanophyceae (satu genus), Bacillariophyceae (tujuh genus), Dinophyceae (dua genus), dan Euglenaphyceae (satu genus), dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar 49.294- 66.396 ind./L. Persentase fitoplankton tertinggi dari ruas atas sampai bawah adalah Staurastrum dominan dari Stasiun Barkey danWeloyah, Synedra di Stasiun Mouwer dan Toray, Ulothrix di Stasiun Kaliwanggo. Sedangkan urutan keberadaan kelas fitoplankton dari ruas atas sampai bawah di SungaiMaro adalah Chlorophyceae di StasiunBarkey, Weloyah, dan Mouwer, kemudian Bacillariophyceae di Stasiun Toray dan Chlorophyceae di Stasiun Kaliwanggo. Maro River is one of big river inMerauke Regency and serve as ornamental fish habitat of arowana (Sleropages jardinii) and Datnioides aquadraticus that economically has high value. Around of this river are wetland area that is arwana habitat mainly at middle and upper river. Phytoplankton is natural feed producer for several fishes species at Maro River. Aim of this paper was to know longitudinal distribution of phytoplankton atMaro River. The research was conducted by survey method and sampling was conducted in December 2007 at 5 sampling stations on arwana fish spawning sites located at Maro River. The parameters were analyzed include composition and abundance of phytoplankton. Result showed that at five sampling stations were found 5 classes of phytoplankton which consists of the class Chlorophyceae (14 genera), Cyanophyceae (1 genera), Bacillariophyceae (7 genera), Dinophyceae (2 genera), and Euglenaphyceae (1 genera) with the abundance of phytoplankton ranges from 49,294- 66,396 ind./L. The highest percentage of phytoplankton in each station was found from upper to lower segment was Staurastrum found at Barkey and Weloyah Synedra at Mouwer and Toray, Ulothrix at Kaliwanggo. While the presence of phytoplankton class was found from upper to lower on Maro River was Chlorophyceae at Barkey, Weloyah, andMouwer, Bacillariophyceae at Toray and Chlorophyceae at Kaliwanggo.
KARAKTERISTIKHABITATDANBIOLOGI IKANMUJAER (Oreochromismossambicus) DI DANAURANAU, SUMATERASELATAN
Authors: Samuel Samuel , Subagja Subagja
Published: February 2017

Penelitian tentang karakteristik habitat dan biologi ikan mujaer (Oreochromis mossambicus) telah dilakukan di Danau Ranau pada bulan September dan Oktober 2009. Hasil penelitian terhadap beberapa parameter kualitas air pada lima stasiun penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa sifat fisika, kimia, dan biologi perairan ideal untuk mendukung kehidupan dan perkembangbiakkan ikan. Danau Ranau dapat digolongkan sebagai perairan subur dengan tingkatan meso eutrofik dan tingkat pencemaran air dalam kategori tidak tercemar sampai tercemar ringan. Ikan mujaer mempunyai sifat pertumbuhan isometrik di mana kecepatan pertumbuhan panjang sebanding dengan kecepatan pertumbuhan bobot dan termasuk jenis ikan omnivor.Analisis aspek reproduksi ikan menunjukkan pemijahan lebih dari satu kali dalam setahun dengan musim pemijahan terjadi pada bulan Oktober sampai Desember. Ukuranpertama kali matang gonad untuk ikan betina berkisar antara 19,14-19,66 cm panjang total dan terjadi pada bulan September dan Oktober. Research on habitat and biological characteristics of java tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) have been carried out in the Ranau Lake in September and October 2009. The result investigations of several water quality parameters at 5 research stations, showed that the physical, chemical properties, and biology of waters were still ideal for supporting life and fish breeding. Ranau Lake can be classified as productive waters by the level of meso eutrophic and water pollution levels in uncontaminated category until lightly polluted. Java tilapia fish had the nature of isometric growth in which growth velocity was proportional to the length and weight growth rate and included the type of omnivor fish. Analysis of the reproductive aspects showed that the spawning fish was more than once a year with the spawning season occured in October until December. The first gonado maturity size of female fish ranged between 19.14-19.66 cm total length and occured in September and October.
KEPADATAN STOK, SEBARAN PANJANG, DANHUBUNGANPANJANGBOBOT KERANGSIMPING(Amusium pleuronectes) DI PERAIRANTEGALDAN SEKITARNYA
Authors: Ernawati Tri , Sumiono Bambang , Wedjatmiko Wedjatmiko
Published: February 2017

Kerang simping (Amusium pleuronectes) yang secara taksonomis termasuk famili Pectinidae adalah salah satujenis kerang ekonomis penting di Laut Jawa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmendapatkan data dan informasimengenai kepadatan stok, sebaran panjang, dan hubungan panjang bobot kerang simping. Data yang dianalisis merupakan sebagian dari hasil penelitian dengan Kapal Riset Sardinella pada tahun 2008 dan 2009. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan denganmenggunakan trawl dengan pendekatanmetode sapuan area (swept area methode). Analisis hubungan panjang bobot digunakan rumus Effendie (2002). Jumlah stasiun pengamatan 13 dengan kedalaman berkisar antara 10-40 m. Dugaan kelimpahan stok masing-masing 142,4 kg/km2 (tahun 2008) dan 22,6 kg/km2 (tahun 2009). Terdapat perbedaan distribusi laju tangkap di setiap kedalaman. Laju tangkap tertinggi terdapat pada kedalaman antara 21-30 m, yaitu 32,57 kg/jam (tahun 2008) dan 3,6 kg/jam(tahun 2009). Laju tangkap terendah 9,5 kg/jampada kedalaman 31-40m(tahun 2008) dan 0,36 kg/jampada kedalaman 11-20m(tahun 2009). Dari sebaranfrekuensi panjang teridentifikasi bahwa contoh kerang simping terdiri atas satu kelompok umur yang kuat (strong cohort) dengan modus ukuran panjang cangkang 54 mm. Berdasarkan atas sebaran persen frekuensi kumulatif 50% diperoleh ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) dari kerang simping 52mm.Melalui analisis hubungan panjang bobot kerang diperoleh nilai b yang isometrik, artinya pertambahan panjang cangkang sebanding dengan pertambahan bobotnya. Asia moon scallop (Amusium pleuronectes) that taxonomically belong to the family Pectinidae. The spesies is one of the economically important resources in the Java Sea. The research is aimed to get data and informations about stock density, length frequency, and length weight relation of asia moon scallop. Data analyzed were part of the R/V Sardinela cruise results carried out in 2008-2009. Sampling was doing by trawl net with swept area methods. The stations were 13 in number with depth between 10-40 m. The estimated stock density of the scallop were 142.4 kgs/km2 (2008) dan 22.6 kgs/km2 (2009), respectivelly. The highest catch rate was 32.57 kgs/hour (2008) and 3.6 kgs/hour (2009) in depth of 21-30 m. The lowest catch rate was 9.5 kgs/hour in depth of 31-40 m (2008) and 0.36 kgs/hour in depth 11-20 m (2009). From the overall length frequency distribution it is likely that the population of the asia moon scallop consisted of one strong cohort, with the modus of 54 mm. From the cumulative percent frequencies distribution it was also observed that 50%of the distribution can be assummed as equal to the length of first capture, Lc= 52 mm. Length weight analysis indicated that b isometry.
SEBARANPLANKTONDAN LARVAIKAN DI PERAIRANKEPULAUANRAJA AMPAT:KAJIANMETODEHIDROAKUSTIKDANSURVEIKONVENSIONAL
Authors: Priatna Asep , Sadhotomo Bambang
Published: February 2017

Penelitian bertujuan untukmempelajari keberadaan plankton dan larva ikan berdasarkan atasmetode hidroakustik serta kaitannya dengan hasil pengambilan contoh. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2008 di perairan Raja Ampat. Estimasi kepadatan dan migrasi diurnal plankton dan larva ikan menggunakan perangkat akustik split beam echosounder Simrad EY60 dengan frekuensi 120 kHz. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, disajikan dalam bentuk grafik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada musim timur, estimasi kepadatan plankton dan larva ikan di Teluk Kabui relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kepadatan plankton dan larva di perairan sebelah barat Pulau Waigeo dan Pulau Batanta. Pengamatan dengan metode hidroakustik dapat memperlihatkan pola migrasi vertikal harian plankton dan larva ikan. Pengetahuan mengenai karakteristik plankton dan larva ikan dapat menentukan teknik pengambilan contoh yang tepat terhadap organisme tersebut. Knowledge about plankton and larvae characteristics is very importance to determine sampling technique for sea organism. The aim of the research was to study the existence of plankton and fish larvae based on acoustic method. The survey conducted on June 2008 in the Raja Ampat waters. Simrad EY60 split beam echosounder with frequency of 120 kHz was used for acquisitioning the acoustic data. Those data analyzed descriptively, and the results presented in histogram. During southeast monsoon, the estimation of plankton and fish larvae densities in Kabui Bay was relatively higher than in the west part of Waigeo waters and around Batanta Island. The daily vertical migration of plankton and fish larvae was showed by acoustic detection.
STATUS SUMBER DAYA IKAN TUNA SAMUDERA HINDIA: IMPLIKASINYA BAGI INDONESIA
Authors: Nikijuluw Victor P. H.
Published: February 2017

Sumber daya ikan tuna di Samudera Hindia dikelola oleh 2 Regional Fisheries Management Organization yaitu Indian Ocean Tuna Commission dan Commission for the Conservation of the Blue Fin Tuna. Dengan pengolahan ini, maka sumber daya ini tidak lagi bebas dimasuki untuk dimanfaatkan, kecuali oleh negara atau entitas yang menjadi anggota ke-2 Regional Fisheries Management Organization ini. Sumber daya tuna ini telah dimanfaatkan sejak tahun 1950, dan mungkin akan terus menjadi daerah penangkapan utama di masa mendatang. Jenis-jenis tuna ukuran besar sudah cenderung ditangkap secara berlebihan. Sementara jenis tuna ukuran kecil cenderung belum tinggi intensitas penangkapan. Indonesia sudah saatnya mengembangkan perikanan tuna di Samudera Hindia ini secara besar-besaran, mengingat posisi geografis Indonesia yang relatif lebih dekat dan berbatasan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia.Indian Ocean tuna resources are managed by two Regional Fisheries Management Organization; the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission and Commission for the Conservation of the Blue Fin Tuna. Under this management regime, the fishery is not an open access. It can only be utilized by member countries and entities of the those Regional Fisheries Management Organization. The tuna resources have been extensively caught since 1950, and may be kept on being exploited in the future. The large tuna species tended to have been fully utilized, while the small species may be considered under fished. Indonesia should develop its capacity to the best use of the existing resources, considering its relatively shorter distance to the fishing ground.
KELEMBAGAAN KEUANGAN MENDUKUNG INDUSTRI PENANGKAPAN TUNA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Purba Charles Bohlen , Haluan John , Simbolon Domu , Wisodo Sugeng Hari
Published: February 2017

Perikanan tuna berpeluang dikembangkan di Indonesia. Kekurangan dana dan perhatian institusi perbankan merupakan salah satu kendala. Pada dasarnya terdapat beberapa skema pembiayaan yang dapat digunakan pengusaha untuk pengembangan usaha perikanan tuna. Skema tersebut dibahas pada makalah ini. Salah satu skema tersebut adalah lembaga keuangan non bank yang dikembangkan secara bersama oleh perbankan dan masyarakat. Pemerintah patut melakukan sosialisasi pada perbankan tentang peluang pengembangan usaha di bidang perikanan tuna.Tuna fishery has an opportunity to be developed in Indonesia. However, financial unavailabity and unawareness of banking institutions are hindrances of development. There are several financial schemes that can be used to develop tuna fishery that are elaborated in this paper. One of those are non banking institution that is co established by banking institution and fishermen. The government should provide information to and aware banking institutions on tuna fishing opportunity and its business prospects.
PEMANFAATAN TUNA SIRIP BIRU (SOUTHERN BLUE FIN TUNA)
Authors: Nikijuluw Victor P. H.
Published: February 2017

Tuna sirip biru adalah ikan berharga tinggi yang semakin kurang populasinya akibat penangkapan secara ekstensif. Ikan ini hanya terdapat di Samudera Hindia. Daerah pemijahannya diduga di perairan selatan Bali dan Lombok. Pengelolaan konservasi ikan ini dilakukan oleh Commission for the Conservation of Southern Blue Fin Tuna, di mana Indonesia adalah salah satu anggotanya. Kehadiran Indonesia sebagai anggota menuntut Indonesia untuk ikut melakukan konservasi terhadap spesies ini. Namun, Indonesia juga patut mengembangkan perikanan dan perdagangan spesies ini bagi kepentingan nasional.Southern blue fin tuna is a high priced fish which tends to have declining its population due to extensive fishing. The Indian Ocean is the species only habitat. Its spawning area is confined to the waters of southern coast of Bali and Lombok. The management conservation of the southern blue fin tuna is done by the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Blue Fin Tuna, where Indonesia as one of the members. The membership consequence is that Indonesia should undertake conservative actions and mechanisms for the species. Indonesia may develop fishery and trading of the species for its own benefit and interest.
KEBIJAKAN PEMACUAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN DI PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN INDONESIA: TEKNOLOGI ALTERNATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI IKAN DAN PENDAPATAN NELAYAN
Authors: Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi , Umar Chairulwan
Published: February 2017

Pemacuan sumberdaya ikan adalah suatu teknologi untuk meningkatkanhasil tangkapan ikan dan sekaligus pendapatan nelayan. Potensi produksi ikan perairan umum daratan Indonesia (luasnya 13,85 juta ha) ditaksir 3.034.934 ton/th, sedangkan produksi ikan yang telah dicapai 325.000 ton/th. Berdasarkan keberhasilan penerapan pemacuan sumber daya ikan di beberapa badan air, produksi ikan dapat ditingkatkan menjadi 1.452.947 ton/th. Ke depan, penerapan kebijakan pemacuan sumber daya ikan yang selama ini kurang didasarkan hasil kajian yang memadai perlu diperbaiki. Untuk setiap badan air perlu ditetapkan protokol pemacuan sumber daya ikan. Protokol tersebut meliputi identifikasi sumber daya perairan, menentukan tujuan penebaran, menentukan jenis, jumlah dan ukuran ikan, serta biaya yang diperlukan, mengembangkan strategi penebaran, monitoring dan evaluasi, serta pembentukan kelembagaan pengelolaan. Pedoman pemacuan sumber daya ikan di Indonesia perlu segera ditetapkan yang mengacu pada tata laksana perikanan yang bertanggungjawab.Fisheries enhancement is a technique to increase fish yield and fishers’income. Fish potential yield of inland open waters (13.85 million ha in area) was estimated at 3,034,934 ton/yr, while an average of the actual fish production was 325,000 ton/yr. Based on the success story of fisheries enhancement techniques applied in some water bodies, the fish yield total can be increased to be 1,452,947 ton/yr. In the future, application of policy on fisheries enhancement should be improved. Protocol on fisheries enhancement should be designed for every waterbody. The protocol should consit of identification of fisheries resources,establishment of the objective, determine a suitable fish species, optimum number and size of fish released, estimation of total cost, development of stocking strategy, monitoring and evaluation, and establishment of fisheries management unit. A guideline of fisheries enhancement in Indonesian inland open waters need to be constructed referring to code of conduct for responsible fisheries.
DEHYDRATION AND SPRAYING OF BURITI PULP (Mauritia flexuosa L.): SHELF-LIFE EVALUATION
Authors: AGUIAR JAIME PAIVA LOPES , SOUZA FRANCISCA DAS CHAGAS DO AMARAL
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to process buriti fruits by dehydration and spraying and to evaluate their shelf-life in polyethylene plastic packaging at different storage temperatures. The edible part of the fruit was dehydrated, crushed and sieved for granule diameter standardization, packaged in polyethylene plastic packaging and stored at different temperatures 24°C (Ambient), 4°C (Cooling) and -12°C (Freezer). Fresh and dehydrated fruits were analyzed for moisture, pH, acidity, total and reducing sugars, proteins, lipids, ashes, carbohydrates, energy, ß-carotene and retinol equivalent. Dehydrated and sprayed buriti was analyzed every 30 days for 150 days of storage for peroxide, acid and iodine indexes and also for microbiological parameters. The constituents that stood out both in fresh and dehydrated and sprayed fruits were: lipids, carbohydrates and consequently, energy and ß-carotene. In relation to shelf-life, all treatments presented good chemical and microbiological stability during the 150 days of storage period. It was concluded that dehydrated and sprayed buriti remained with good chemical and microbiological stability for at least 150 days of storage at temperatures of 4°C and -12°C. It is suggested that this product can be used as an ingredient in formulated foods aimed at supplementation of pro-vitamin A.
FROM SCIENTIFIC STRUCTURALISM TO TRANSCENDENTAL STRUCTURALISM
Authors: Kauark-Leite Patricia ,   UFMG, Brazil, Neves Ronaldo Penna ,   UFTPR, Brazil
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT In the current debate between scientific realism and empiricism, both sides seem to embrace some sort of structuralism as an important component of their descriptions of science. The structural realism is generally presented in two versions: one ontic and the other epistemic. It has been argued that that epistemic structural realism (ESR) is close, if not identical, to a Kantian approach. We aim to show that this is not the case, since ESR, being fundamentally a realist position, cannot be fully consistent with a transcendental approach. Such a position is better called transcendental structuralism (TS), an alternative that we believe is worth being investigated on its own. In this paper, we will take Henry Allison's interpretation of transcendental idealism as a starting point to establish the distinctions between ESR and TS.
Perceptional gaps among women, husbands and family members about intentions for birthplace: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shimpuku Yoko , Madeni Frida Elikana , Horiuchi Shigeko , Leshabari Sebalda Charles
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: women are more likely to give birth at a health facility when their families agree with the birthplace. However, in rural areas of Tanzania, women are often marginalized from decision-making. This study predicted birthplace intention and identified factors to reduce perceptional gaps among pregnant women, husbands and family members. Method: explanatory cross-sectional survey was conducted in three villages in North Eastern Tanzania. Participants were 138 pregnant women and their families who answered the Birth Intention Questionnaire (BIQ), measuring knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms and intention for birthplace. Descriptive analysis, ANOVA, Chi-square, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results: the regression model showed that knowledge, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms predicted intention for birthplace (R2 = .28). While 81% of pregnant women thought their husbands were decision-makers for their birth, only 38% of husbands and 37% of family members agreed. Pregnant women had significantly lower scores on the item “I will prepare for childbirth with my family” compared with husbands (p < .01) and other family members (p < .001). Conclusion: providing evidence-based birth preparation and reducing the identified perceptual gaps may enhance women’s intention to deliver at health facilities.
O Estado brasileiro contemporâneo: liberalização econômica, política e sociedade nos governos FHC e Lula
Authors: Sallum Jr. Brasilio ,   Universidade de São Paulo,  Brasil, Goulart Jefferson O. ,   Universidade de São Paulo,  Brasil
Published: February 2017

Resumo O artigo identifica as características da forma contemporânea do Estado brasileiro – vigente desde 1995 – do ângulo de suas relações com a esfera econômica e de suas políticas frente à desigualdade social. O artigo caracteriza os ideários que orientaram as elites dirigentes, o modo como foi redefinida a política externa brasileira na nova conjuntura internacional posterior à Guerra Fria e as políticas econômicas e de distribuição de renda entre 1995 e 2010. A hipótese central é que há uma nova forma de Estado no Brasil desde 1995 e que as variações entre governos que se sucederam no período são parte da mesma história. O artigo se opõe à caracterização corrente de que os governos FHC e Lula obedeceram a uma diretriz neoliberal. Para isso, procura identificar a diretriz que orientou os dois períodos de governo. Mostra que ela foi liberalizante, sim, mas moderada – no que se refere à redução da intervenção do Estado na economia – mesclando políticas dos ideários neoliberal e liberal-desenvolvimentista. Embora haja bastante continuidade nas políticas do Estado em relação à economia, o artigo mostra que o período Lula teve um papel muito relevante na estabilização do Estado e mesmo da ordem capitalista. Com efeito, a incorporação, à gestão do Estado, de lideranças sindicais, de movimentos sociais e de lideranças de esquerda, somada à ampliação da proteção social aos pobres e miseráveis e a criação de canais de ascensão social para a baixa classe média reforçaram a adesão à ordem capitalista e a estabilidade política, complementando os efeitos estabilizadores já reconhecidos pela literatura das regras democráticas e da estabilidade da moeda.
Clinical characteristics and therapeutic response in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: accompanying 2 years
Authors: CARVALHO Vanessa Juliana Gomes , GALLO Camila de Barros , SUGAYA Norberto Nobuo , DOMANESCHI Carina
Published: February 2017

Abstract Introduction Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a condition characterized by burning symptom of the oral mucosa in the absence of clinical signs. Its etiology is still unknown and, and to date there is no effective treatment. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate patients with BMS profile and the therapies results in a retrospective study. Material and method Clinical and therapeutic data were collected from records of patients with BMS diagnosed between January 2013 to April 2015 at the Clinic of Stomatology Clinic, Faculdade de Odontologia of Universidade de São Paulo, according to the criteria established by the International Headache Society in 2013. The therapies used for BMS control were also evaluated. Result Twelve patients were diagnosed with BMS at this period. All of them were women with a mean age of 61.18 years and the apex of the tongue was the most common affected site and the duration of the burning sensation ranged from 6 months to 25 years. Many therapies were prescribed for BMS control, such as topical capsaicin, topical clonazepan, low level laser therapy and homeopathy. Among the established therapies, capsaicin has immediate effect in reducing symptoms. Conclusion The present study showed that the challenges towards an effective treatment for BMS are varied and are mainly related to the lack knowing of the pathogenesis of this disease. The demographic profile of patients studied here was similar to that described in the available literature, however, the variables represented by secondary symptoms (medical history, anxiety and depression levels) may be modifying factors of therapeutic response and the pathogenesis of the disease itself.
Análise econômica da adubação nitrogenada em trigo irrigado sob plantio direto no cerrado
Authors: Teixeira Filho Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto , Tarsitano Maria Aparecida Anselmo , Buzetti Salatiér , Bertolin Danila Comelis , Colombo Adriana de Souza , Nascimento Vagner do
Published: February 2017

O nitrogênio é o nutriente acumulado em maior quantidade e de mais alto custo na produção do trigo. Sendo assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a viabilidade econômica (em 2007 e 2008) da utilização de diferentes fontes, doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio na produtividade de grãos de dois cultivares de trigo irrigados, em Selvíria-MS. Para tal, um único experimento foi desenvolvido em 2007, na área experimental pertencente à Faculdade de Engenharia - UNESP, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico. Para análise econômica foram considerados os custos (2007 e 2008) e os acréscimos de produção dos diferentes manejos da adubação nitrogenada, correspondentes a cada tratamento do fatorial. Ou seja, cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1), três fontes de N (Entec®, sulfato de amônio e uréia) e duas épocas de aplicação (totalmente na semeadura, ao lado das linhas ou em cobertura), em dois cultivares de trigo (E 21 e IAC 370), com quatro repetições. Concluiu-se que: o acréscimo no valor de produção para o produtor foi maior em junho de 2008. A aplicação da dose de 50 kg ha-1 de N apresentou sempre maior vantagem econômica, independentemente da fonte e época de aplicação. A ureia aplicada em cobertura, independentemente da dose de N, proporcionou benefícios líquidos positivos para o cultivar E 21 e IAC 370 em 2008. Recomenda-se para obtenção da maior margem de ganho a aplicação de 50 kg ha-1 de N, de sulfato de amônio, em cobertura, para ambos os cultivares.
Época de semeadura do milho para a região de Sete Lagoas, MG, baseada na probabilidade de ocorrência de períodos secos e chuvosos
Authors: Silva Marcos Antonio Vanderlei , Ferreira Williams Pinto Marques , Andrade Vanda Maria Sales de , Araujo Samira Gabriela de Almeida
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as probabilidades de ocorrência de períodos secos e chuvosos na região de Sete Lagoas, MG, a partir de uma série de 66 anos de dados diários de precipitação pluvial, visando subsidiar a definição da melhor data de semeadura do milho. Foram considerados dias secos aqueles que apresentaram precipitação inferior à evapotranspiração do milho, ETmilho. O estudo foi realizado para as fases de floração e enchimento de grãos a partir de sete datas de semeadura DS (01/10, 16/10, 31/10, 15/11, 01/12, 16/12 e 31/12). As chances de ocorrência dos períodos secos e chuvosos foram estimadas mediante o uso da cadeia de Markov. A probabilidade de ocorrência de dias secos foi sempre superior à de dias chuvosos. As maiores possibilidades de ocorrência de dias secos foram observadas entre as DS 15/11 e 31/12. A maior probabilidade de ocorrência de dias chuvosos foi registrada na DS 01/10. Considerando o ciclo médio estudado (para a fase mais crítica do milho), a combinação de menor chance de períodos secos com a de dias chuvosos indica que as melhores datas para iniciar a semeadura de sequeiro seriam as de DS 01/10 e 16/10.
Eficiência nutricional do milho cv. BRS 1030 submetido à omissão de macronutrientes em solução nutritiva
Authors: Gondim Ancélio Ricardo de Oliveira , Prado Renato de Mello , Alves Adriana Ursulino , Fonseca Ivana Machado
Published: February 2017

Em casa de vegetação, desenvolveu-se experimento com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e três repetições, a fim de estudar a influência da omissão de nutrientes nas relações de eficiência (eficiência de absorção, translocação e utilização) deplantas de milho cv. BRS 1030 crescidas em solução nutritiva de Hoagland & Arnon (1950), completa e com omissão de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, durante 30 dias. Após esse período, as plantas foram coletadas, separadas em parte aérea e raiz, secadas e em seguida pesadas e moídas, para determinação dos teores de macronutrientes e obtenção dos índices de eficiência. A omissão de macronutrientes promove diminuição na produção de massa seca da planta inteira e na eficiência de absorção dos nutrientes, quando comparada à do tratamento completo. A omissão de P, Mg e S resulta em maior eficiência de utilização, comparada com o tratamento completo. Plantas deficientes retranslocam os nutrientes, tentando manter seu conteúdo nas folhas medianas (ou parte aérea) em relação aos demais órgãos.
Crescimento de dois cultivares de soja submetidos a aplicações de herbicidas e fungicidas
Authors: Tsumanuma Guy Mitsuyuki , Carvalho Saul Jorge Pinto de , Fancelli Antonio Luiz , Bernardes Marcos Silveira , Rodrigues Marco Antonio Tavares , Begliomini Edson
Published: February 2017

Existem relatos de que a aplicação de fungicidas do grupo das estrobilurinas na cultura da soja tem trazido aumento de produtividade mesmo em locais sem incidência de doenças, indicando que as alterações de ordem fisiológica devem ser quantificadas. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento de dois cultivares de soja (MG/BR46 Conquista e BRS Valiosa RR) submetidos a aplicações de herbicidas e fungicidas (estrobilurinas e/ou triazóis). Dois experimentos foram desenvolvidos em campo com esquema de tratamentos em parcelas subdivididas no tempo (5 x 12), em que nas parcelas foram alocadas cinco combinações de herbicidas (glyphosate a 720 g ha-1 ou sethoxydim (230 g ha-1) + bentazon + chlorimuron-ethyl (480 + 11,25 g ha-1)) e fungicidas (pyraclostrobin a 75 g ha-1, epoxiconazole a 50 g ha-1 ou pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (66,5 + 25 g ha-1)); e como subparcelas foram consideradas as datas de avaliação entre 30 e 120 dias após semeadura. A aplicação de herbicidas não alterou o crescimento dos cultivares de soja. A aplicação de fungicidas do grupo das estrobilurinas associado a triazóis promoveu maior acúmulo de massa de matéria seca e área foliar. Ainda a aplicação desses fungicidas em R2 (pleno florescimento) e R5.1 (enchimento de grãos) resultou em maiores valores de taxas de crescimentos absoluto e relativo, assimilatória líquida e de crescimento da cultura em período próximo ao final do ciclo da cultura, diferenciando, inclusive, dos tratamentos com aplicação somente de triazóis.
Influência dos diferentes períodos de colheita na expressão de isoenzimas em sementes de cevada
Authors: Tunes Lilian Madruga de , Badinelli Pablo Gerzson , Barros Antonio Carlos Souza Albuquerque , Meneghello Geri Eduardo , Amarante Luciano do
Published: February 2017

O objetivo foi avaliar os padrões isoenzimáticos de Esterase (EST - EC 3.1.1.1), Fosfatase Ácida (ACP - EC 3.1.3.2), Malato Desidrogenase (MDH - EC 1.1.1.37), Álcool Deshidrogenase (ADH - EC 1.1.1.1) e Glutamato Oxalacetato Transaminase (GOT - EC 2.6.1.1), em sementes e plântulas de dois cultivares de cevada (MN 721 e Scarlett). As sementes foram fornecidas pela empresa Westermann, localizada no município de Piratini, Rio Grande do Sul, onde foi realizado o cultivo da cevada em 2007. Foram colhidas em três épocas com diferentes percentuais de umidade, secas a 13% de umidade e armazenadas em câmara fria. Os cinco sistemas isoenzimáticos analisados apresentaram variações na expressão, principalmente quando comparados entre sementes e plântulas. Concluiu-se que há variação no padrão de expressão das enzimas EST, ACP, MDH, ADH e GOT entre sementes e plântulas. A expressão das enzimas EST e GOT foi pouco e muito influenciada pela época de colheita, respectivamente.
Casca de mamona associada a quatro fontes de matéria orgânica para a produção de mudas de pinhão-manso
Authors: Lima Rosiane de Lourdes Silva de , Severino Liv Soares , Ferreira Gilvan Barbosa , Sofiatti Valdinei , Sampaio Lígia Rodrigues , Beltrão Napoleão Esberard de Macêdo
Published: February 2017

Para a produção de mudas de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) geralmente tem sido recomendado o uso de misturas de materiais orgânicas. Uma das alternativas para compor substratos e produzir mudas é a casca de mamona, que é um resíduo gerado em grande quantidade no processo de descascamento das sementes que apresenta teores elevados de macronutrientes. Para testar o efeito do uso da casca de mamona como substrato, conduziu-se experimento em casa de vegetação, na Embrapa Algodão, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2006. Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de misturas de terra e casca de mamona com um dos seguintes materiais: composto de lixo, esterco bovino, lodo de esgoto e torta de mamona. O tratamento-controle foi composto por terra e casca de mamona. Aos 55 dias após o semeio, mediram-se a altura da planta, o número de folhas, a área foliar, o diâmetro caulinar, a massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes e os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, e S. O uso de apenas terra com casca de mamona moída proporciona menor crescimento das mudas. A adição do composto de lixo urbano, lodo de esgoto ou torta de mamona à composição do substrato proporciona melhor desenvolvimento das mudas. Mudas de pinhão manso cultivadas em substratos compostos por misturas de terra, casca de mamona e esterco bovino apresentaram os maiores teores foliares de fósforo, magnésio e enxofre, enquanto aquelas cultivadas em substrato composto por misturas de terra, casca de mamona e lodo de esgoto apresentaram os maiores teores foliares de potássio e cálcio.
Evolução das características da planta associadas à nutrição nitrogenada de repolho
Authors: Moreira Marialva Alvarenga , Vidigal Sanzio Mollica
Published: February 2017

A execução adequada do programa de adubação na cultura do repolho pode ser obtida pela sincronização da demanda da planta com o suprimento de N durante o ciclo da cultura. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a evolução de indicadores nutricionais, a intensidade da cor verde (índice SPAD), medida na quarta folha completamente expandida; o teor de nitrogênio total e o teor de nitrato e as características agronômicas, comprimento do caule, número de folhas e massas de matéria fresca e seca de folhas, caules e raízes da planta, para determinar o teor de nitrogênio no repolho e determinar o valor crítico de cada característica em diferentes épocas de avaliação. Aos 50, 64 e 78 dias após a semeadura, foram determinados: a intensidade da cor verde (índice SPAD), medida na quarta folha; o comprimento do caule, o número de folhas, as massas de matéria fresca e seca e o teor de N foliar. Foram avaliadas cinco doses de N (0; 75; 150; 300 e 450 kg ha-1). Os tratamentos foram arranjados no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A colheita final das cabeças de repolho ocorreu aos 103 dias após a semeadura. Os valores ótimos das variáveis ao longo do tempo dependeram das doses de N e da época de avaliação. O valor ótimo do índice SPAD foi de 60,8; 58,4 e 53,5 aos 50; 64 e 78 dias após a semeadura. O valor ótimo do teor de nitrogênio total foi de 62,9; 60,3 e 59,0 g kg-1 nas folhas, de 48,6; 40,6 e 40,3 g kg-1 no caule e de 39,9; 36,9 e 20,1 g kg-1.nas raízes aos 50,64 e 78 dias após a semeadura.
Uso de rejeito da dessalinização na solução nutritiva da alface, cultivada em fibra de coco
Authors: Dias Nildo da Silva , Jales Antonio Gilberto de Oliveira , Sousa Neto Osvaldo Nogueira de , Gonzaga Maria Isidória da Silva , Queiroz Ítalo Sorac Rafael de , Porto Maria Alice Formiga
Published: February 2017

A escassez de água de boa qualidade na região semiárida leva ao uso de água salobra para a irrigação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso de rejeito da dessalinização na solução nutritiva, sobre a produção da alface (Lactuca sativa L.), cultivada em sistema hidropônico com o substrato fibra de coco. O ensaio foi desenvolvido em um ambiente protegido do Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, em Mossoró-RN, instalado em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial com cinco x dois tratamentos e três repetições, testando-se cinco níveis de salinidade da solução nutritiva, obtidos com ou sem a necessidade de diluição da água de rejeito da dessalinização (CE 1,1; 2,4; 3,6; 4,7 e 5,7 dS m-1) e dois cultivares de alface (Verônica e alface roxa, cv. Quatro Estações). As plantas cresceram bem em todos os níveis de salinidade, mostrando que as águas residuárias do processo de dessalinização podem ser usadas como fonte potencial de água para a produção hidropônica de alface, embora as perdas de produção tenham aumentado com a salinidade, (6 a 8% por unidade de condutividade elétrica) , chegando a 28-35% para a solução totalmente preparada com água de rejeito. O cv. Quatro Estações mostrou maior tolerância à salinidade do que Verônica.