bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shikonin protects skin cells against oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction induced by fine particulate matter
Authors: Shilnikova Kristina , Kang Kyoung Ah , Piao Mei Jing , Herath Herath Mudiyanselage Udari Lakmini , Fernando Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan , Boo Hye‐Jin , Yoon Sang Pil , Hyun Jin Won
Published: August 2024

Shikonin, an herbal naphthoquinone, demonstrates a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. Owing to increasingly adverse environmental conditions, human skin is vulnerable to harmful influences from dust particles. This study explored the antioxidant capabilities of shikonin and its ability to protect human keratinocytes from oxidative stress induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We found that shikonin at a concentration of 3 µM was nontoxic to human keratinocytes and effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) while increasing the production of reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, shikonin enhanced GSH level by upregulating glutamate‐cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and glutathione synthetase mediated by nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor. Shikonin reduced ROS levels induced by PM2.5, leading to recovering PM2.5‐impaired cellular biomolecules and cell viability. Shikonin restored the GSH level in PM2.5‐exposed keratinocytes via enhancing the expression of GSH‐synthesizing enzymes. Notably, buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, diminished effect of shikonin against PM2.5‐induced cell damage, confirming the role of GSH in shikonin‐induced cytoprotection. Collectively, these findings indicated that shikonin could provide substantial cytoprotection against the adverse effects of PM2.5 through direct ROS scavenging and modulation of cellular antioxidant system.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention in the presence of a cardiac implantable electronic device; state of the art review
Authors: Basman Craig , Jamal Sameer , Yoon Sung‐Han , Dudiy Yuriy , Anderson Mark , Landers David , Kaple Ryan
Published: August 2024

A large proportion of patients referred for transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention (TTVI) will have the presence of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED). In such patients, surgical correction of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) could potentially ameliorate CIED‐induced TR; however, it carries inherent risks and frequently does not result in TR improvement. As multiple TTVI devices are in trial to gain regulatory approval, understanding which therapy is most appropriate among patients with a CIED is essential. This review centers on the nonsurgical treatment, including TLE and transcatheter tricuspid valve repair and replacement options, aimed at enhancing outcomes in patients with TR who also have concurrent CIEDs.
Coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet drop in patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Katayama Taiga , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Watanabe Yusuke , Koyama Shuhei , Kawashima Hideyuki , Hioki Hirofumi , Kozuma Ken
Published: August 2024

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) leads to transient platelet activation and hypercoagulation status, resulting in thrombocytopenia.

Aims

This study investigated the associations of coagulation/fibrinolysis status after transfemoral TAVI with valve type, post‐TAVI thrombocytopenia, and complication of TAVI.

Methods

Thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT) and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) levels were measured before and 1 h, 1 day, and 2 days after TAVI. A percentage drop in platelet count (DPC) was determined from the pre‐ and lowest post‐procedural values.

Results

SAPIEN 3 (S3) was implanted in 158 patients and Evolut PRO/PRO+ (Evolut) in 117. Both TAT and FDP increased after TAVI. Pre‐TAVI balloon dilatation was generally performed on patients undergoing implantation with Evolut. Peak TAT was then stratified into 4 quartiles (Q1 to Q4). Of all 275 study patients, 69 patients reached ultra‐hypercoagulation status (Q4). S3, TAVI without pre‐balloon dilatation, DPC and bleeding complications were significantly associated with the ultra‐hypercoagulation status after TAVI. TAT was significantly greater 1 h after S3 implantation than Evolut (median [IQR], 43.1 [34.1–59.6] vs. 31.0 [25.0–40.4] ng/mL; p < 0.001). In contrast, FDP levels did not differ between the two at any measurement point. The difference in DPC among the peak TAT quartiles was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The occurrence of bleeding complications was significantly higher in the group with ultra‐hypercoagulation status (5.8% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.036).

Conclusions

The increase in coagulation status and post‐TAVI thrombocytopenia were significantly greater after S3 implantation. Ultra‐hypercoagulation after TAVI was related to bleeding complications.
Depolymerization of Polycarbonates by Transesterification without Using Base, Ionic Liquid, and Additives
Authors: Yamada Kazuki , Komine Nobuyuki , Hirano Masafumi
Published: August 2024

La(III)‐catalyzed depolymerization of polycarbonates produces the raw carbonates and diols by transesterification without the use of bases, ionic liquids or additives. Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (1 a) is depolymerized by [La(acac)3] (acac: acetylacetonate) (1 mol %) in MeOH at 135 °C for 20 min to give dimethyl carbonate (2 a) (95 %) and bisphenol A (3 a) (93 %). This reaction can also be carried out in the air using MeOH as received and on a 10 gram‐scale. A commercial compact disk (CD) can also be depolymerized quantitatively. Depolymerization of 1 a in EtOH or 1,2‐propanediol produces corresponding carbonate with 3 a. Poly(ethylene carbonate) (1 b) and poly(propylene carbonate) (1 c) are converted into dimethyl carbonate and corresponding glycols in high yields in MeOH. The kinetic study suggests the surface reaction mechanism for the La(III)‐catalyzed depolymerization of 1 a.
Dual Cocatalysts on Covalent Organic Framework as Charge Transfer Mediator Facilitating Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Yu Mingfei , Li Qiujun , Li Liuyi , Yu Yan
Published: August 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been regarded as promising photocatalytic materials. However, the sluggish diffusion of photoinduced charges in a single‐component COF remains the obstacles that have to be overcome. Here, we demonstrate a synthesis of a COF bearing dual cocatalysts Co3O4 and Re complex as photocatalyst for water oxidation. The dual cocatalysts are coordinated on the COF, and enable the spatial separation of photoinduced charges. The generated electrons were attracted to Re moiety, while the holes were localized on Co3O4 cocatalyst for water oxidation to produce O2 product. The synergy of dual cocatalysts of COF promote the charge separation and redox reaction. Moreover, hydroxyl radicals generated from the hydration of COF contribute to O−O bond formation, which is the key step of O2 formation. Accordingly, an excellent O2 production rate of 400 μmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation was obtained. This work may pave the way to the development of highly efficient COF photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.
Some Views on Multi‐criteria Methods for Data Analysis
Authors: Kiers Henk A. L. , Timmerman Marieke E.
Published: August 2024

Many data analysis methods actually combine optimization of several criteria. In this paper, a framework is offered for categorizing such multi‐criteria methods. In particular, it categorizes multiset and three‐way analysis methods as well as penalized methods and combinations thereof. The framework aims to stimulate critical evaluation of methods and reflection on the purpose of methods and, by signaling gaps, to help the development of new data analysis methods.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides in Aqueous Ammonia
Authors: Mello Lucas S. , Engel Philipp D. , Orecchia Patrizio , Bleher Katharina , Rominger Frank , Borate Kailaskumar , Goetz Roland , Deglmann Peter , Schäfer Ansgar , Winter Christian , Rack Michael , Comba Peter , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas
Published: August 2024

Anilines are ubiquitous in bio‐active compounds and their synthesis can be achieved via metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions involving aryl halides. We describe an unusual, yet simple, CuII‐catalyzed system for the amination of aryl chlorides in pure aqueous ammonia with 2.5 mol % catalyst loading under non‐inert conditions. Different from previous systems, the reaction proceeds even without an additional organic solvent. Copper(II) sulfate in combination with 4,7‐dimethoxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline enabled the amination of several aryl chlorides containing electron‐neutral, ‐donating and ‐withdrawing groups to the corresponding anilines with good to excellent yields. The upscaling potential of the procedure has been shown by the synthesis at 50 mmol scale. The reaction proceeds as one of the rare cases of a CuII‐assisted coupling, in contrast to the typical CuI−CuIII intermediates postulated for most Ullmann‐type coupling reactions. The copper(II) center allows for a nucleophilic substitution pathway, enabled by the deprotonation of coordinated ammonia.
Towards Preanalytical Best Practices for Liquid Biopsy Studies: A BLOODPAC Landscape Analysis
Authors: Lockwood Christina M. , Merker Jason D. , Bain Elizabeth , Compton Caroline , Grossman Robert L. , Johann Donald , Jones Frederick , Jones Gregory , Kreifels Matthew , LeBlang Suzanne , Lee Jerry S.H. , Lyle John , Martini Jean‐Francois , Saunders Lauren , Scher Howard , Somiari Stella , Stewart Mark , Vinson Jacob , Leiman Lauren C.
Published: August 2024

BLOODPAC is a public‐private consortium that develops best practices, coordinates clinical and translational research, and manages the BLOODPAC Data Commons to broadly support the liquid biopsy community and accelerate regulatory review to aid patient accessibility. BLOODPAC previously recommended 11 preanalytical minimal technical data elements (MTDEs) for BLOODPAC‐sponsored studies and data submitted to BLOODPAC Data Commons. The current landscape analysis evaluates the overlap of the BLOODPAC MTDEs with current best practices, guidelines, and standards documents related to clinical and research liquid biopsy applications. Our findings indicate an existing high degree of concordance among these documents. Where differences exist, the BLOODPAC preanalytical MTDEs can be considered a minimal practicable set for organizations to utilize. These MTDEs were developed following extensive examination of best practices and iterative conversations with the U.S. FDA. BLOODPAC recommends the use of these MTDEs in submissions to data commons and to support liquid biopsy clinical trials and research globally.
Standardized Production of Anti‐Desmoglein 3 Antibody AK23 for Translational Pemphigus Vulgaris Research
Authors: Mueller Eliane J. , Rahimi Siavash , Sauta Patrizia , Shojaeian Taravat , Durrer Laurence , Quinche Soraya , Francois Michael , Locher Elisabeth , Edler Monika , Illi Marlies , Gentinetta Thomas , Lau Kelvin , Pojer Florence , Borradori Luca , Hariton William V. J.
Published: August 2024

Antibody‐mediated receptor activation is successfully used to develop medical treatments. If the activation induces a pathological response, such antibodies are also excellent tools for defining molecular mechanisms of target receptor malfunction and designing rescue therapies. Prominent examples are naturally occurring autoantibodies inducing the severe blistering disease pemphigus vulgaris (PV). In the great majority of patients, the antibodies bind to the adhesion receptor desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) and interfere with cell signaling to provoke severe blistering in the mucous membranes and/or skin. The identification of a comprehensive causative signaling network downstream of antibody‐targeted Dsg3 receptors (e.g., shown by pharmacological activators or inhibitors) is currently being discussed as a basis to develop urgently needed first‐line treatments for PV patients. Although polyclonal PV IgG antibodies have been used as proof of principle for pathological signal activation, monospecific anti‐Dsg3 antibodies are necessary and have been developed to identify pathological Dsg3 receptor–mediated signal transduction. The experimental monospecific PV antibody AK23, produced from hybridoma cells, was extensively tested in our laboratory in both in vitro and in vivo models for PV and proved to recapitulate the clinicopathological features of PV when generated using the standardized production and purification protocols described herein. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Bovine IgG stripping from FBS and quality control

Basic Protocol 2: AK23 hybridoma expansion and IgG production

Basic Protocol 3: AK23 IgG purification

Basic Protocol 4: AK23 IgG quality control

Support Protocol 1: Detection of endotoxin levels

Support Protocol 2: Detection and removal of mycoplasma
A Neural Network–Based Scoring System for Predicting Prognosis and Therapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Deng Min , Chen Xinyu , Qiu Jiayue , Liu Guiyou , Huang Chen
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy affecting women worldwide. Currently, there are no precise molecular biomarkers with immense potential for accurately predicting breast cancer development, which limits clinical management options. Recent evidence has highlighted the importance of metastatic and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in modulating the antitumor therapy response. However, the prognostic value of using these features in combination, and their potential for guiding individualized treatment for breast cancer, remains vague. To address this challenge, we recently developed the metastatic and immunogenomic risk score (MIRS), a comprehensive and user‐friendly scoring system that leverages advanced bioinformatics methods to facilitate transcriptomics data analysis. To help users become familiar with the MIRS tool and apply it effectively in analyzing new breast cancer datasets, we describe detailed protocols that require no advanced programming skills. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Calculating a MIRS score from transcriptomics data

Basic Protocol 2: Predicting clinical outcomes from MIRS scores

Basic Protocol 3: Evaluating treatment responses and guiding therapeutic strategies in breast cancer patients

Basic Protocol 4: Guidelines for utilizing the MIRS webtool
An efficient resource scheduling mechanism in LoRaWAN environment using coati optimal Q‐reinforcement learning
Authors: Mahesh J Uma , Mahapatro Judhistir
Published: August 2024

It is estimated that there will be over two dozen billion Internet of Things (IoT) connections in the future as the number of connected IoT devices grows rapidly. Due to characteristics like low power consumption and extensive coverage, low‐power wide area networks (LPWANs) have become particularly relevant for the new paradigm. Long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) is one of the most alluring technological advances in these networks. Although it is one of the most developed LPWAN platforms, there are still unresolved issues, such as capacity limitations. Hence, this research introduces a novel resource scheduling technique for the LoRAWAN network using deep reinforcement learning. Here, the information on the LoRaWAN nodes is learned by the reinforcement technique, and the knowledge is utilized to allocate resources to improve the packet delivery ratio (PDR) performance through a proposed coati optimal Q‐reinforcement learning (CO_QRL) model. Here, Q‐reinforcement learning is utilized to learn the information about nodes, and the coati optimization algorithm (COA) helps to choose the optimal action for enhancing the reward. In the proposed scheduling algorithm, the weighted sum of successfully received packets is treated as a reward, and the server allocates resources to maximize this Q‐reward. The evaluation of the proposed method based on PDR, packet success ratio (PSR), packet collision rate (PCR), time, delay, and energy accomplished the values of 0.917, 0.759, 0.253, 85, 0.029, 7.89, and 10.08, respectively.
The Value of Cultural Models in Eating Disorders Research in Korea: A Call for More Culturally Specific Works
Authors: Kim Yongjoo , Rodgers Rachel F.
Published: August 2024

The study by Monocello et al. presents findings from a cultural model analysis providing support for culturally bounded understandings of weight and shape and body ideals, and identifying factors that vary across culturally anchored weight categories. In this commentary, we highlight the value of utilizing emic perspectives and employing cultural models in research focused on body image and disordered eating, and the usefulness of these empirical data among Korean men who constitute an underrepresented group in the eating disorders literature. In addition, methodological and contextual aspects that warrant consideration in the interpretation of the results are highlighted. Finally, directions for future research are presented focused on body image and disordered eating among Korean men, as well as leveraging cultural models more broadly in the field. We hope that the study by Monocello and colleagues will stimulate additional research that centers the perspectives of underrepresented groups in ways that elevate and honor their experiences and help to shift the field away from a White‐centered perspective.
Motivational underpinnings of support for radical political leaders
Authors: Grzymala‐Moszczynska Joanna , Maj Marta , Szastok Marta , Kruglanski Arie , Jasko Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

The present research examined the idea that followers are more strongly motivated by radical as opposed to moderate political leaders. We derived this idea from the significance quest theory that posits that a desire to feel important and meaningful is one of the fundamental human motives. We expected that voters would be more willing to support political actors when they perceived them as radical as opposed to moderate, because the goals of those radical actors would be more personally important for voters. Consequently, supporters would experience a greater sense of personal significance from supporting such goals, which would motivate them to get engaged on behalf of their candidates. In five studies (N = 2154), including two preregistered replications, spanning two US presidential elections (2016, 2020) and Polish parliamentary elections (2023), we found support for our predictions. The results showed that as followers perceived their candidates as more radical, they viewed the leaders' goals as more personally important, experienced a greater sense of personal significance, and expressed a higher willingness to make sacrifices for the candidates. These results contribute to the understanding of the appeal of radical political actors.
Study on the microscopic percolation mechanism of different aqueous media huff‐n‐puff with cores in Fengxi tight oil reservoirs of Qinghai Oilfield
Authors: Dou Zhuoying , Yang Zhengming , Li Xianming , Feng Chun , Xue Yujianjun , Qiao Liang , Meng Huan , Han Chenyu , Zhang Yapu
Published: August 2024

Huff‐n‐puff (HnF) is a crucial technology for effectively enhancing the oil recovery (EOR) of tight oil reservoirs. Soaking period is the primary platform for injection medium interacting with formation fluid and reservoir rock in HnF. Elucidating the micro‐percolation mechanism of the soaking period is immensely significant for guiding oilfield production practices. The present study established a physical simulation method combining HnF experiments with nuclear magnetic resonance to reveal the microscopic percolation mechanisms, including water, fracturing fluid, and surfactant. Furthermore, the impacts of soaking time, HnF cycles, wettability, and pore structure on oil recovery degree were quantified. The results demonstrate the crucial significance of wettability and pore structure in the soaking period. The dominant mechanism during water HnF in reservoirs characterized by well‐connected pore networks and minimal clay pores is micropore imbibition, while conversely, macropore displacement plays a predominant role. The oil recovery degree of fracturing fluid HnF primarily relies on mitigating solid‐fluid forces within macropores. The surfactant HnF in preferential water‐ and oil‐wet reservoirs is primarily governed by oil films stripped from macropore walls and micropore imbibition, respectively. Specifically, water and fracturing fluid HnF are suitable for shorter soaking time and fewer HnF cycles, whereas the surfactant HnF exhibits an inverse relationship.
The mechanism and effect factors of the combustion cycle‐to‐cycle variations in the spark ignition engine
Authors: Duan Xiongbo , Feng Lining , Xia Yan
Published: August 2024

The combustion cycle‐to‐cycle variations (CCV) are the typical combustion phenomena in the internal combustion engine, which will not only affect the combustion efficiency, heat‐work conversion process, and emission formation in the cylinder, but also cause the output torque and power fluctuation, resulting in unstable and even misfire. These phenomena are particularly evident in the spark ignition (SI) engine, especially at idle, acceleration, and high exhaust gas recirculation conditions. Consequently, it is quite important to explore the internal relationship and correlation mechanism between the CCV and the affecting factors. This paper comprehensively reviewed the fundamental reasons and mechanisms of CCV of the SI engine. In addition, the characteristic parameters and characterization methods of the CCV, the laws and influencing factors of the CCV, and the numerical simulation methods of the CCV were introduced in detail to quantitatively analyze the performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics of the SI engine. Each research direction is discussed in detail in various sections. The research status of the CCV of the SI engine from the experimental and numerical simulation aspects was also presented and discussed. Lastly, effective methods and strategies were proposed to improve the combustion process and fuel economy, and reduce exhaust emissions of the SI engine for high efficiency and clean combustion.
Stable rivers: A case study in the application of text‐to‐image generative models for Earth sciences
Authors: Kupferschmidt C. , Binns A.D. , Kupferschmidt K.L. , Taylor G.W.
Published: August 2024

Text‐to‐image (TTI) generative models can be used to generate photorealistic images from a given text‐string input. However, the rapid increase in their use has raised questions about fairness and biases, with most research to date focusing on social and cultural areas rather than domain‐specific considerations. We conducted a case study for the Earth sciences, focusing on the field of fluvial geomorphology, where we evaluated subject‐area‐specific biases in the training data and downstream model performance of Stable Diffusion (v1.5). In addition to perpetuating Western biases, we found that the training data overrepresented scenic locations, such as famous rivers and waterfalls, and showed serious underrepresentation and overrepresentation of many morphological and environmental terms. Despite biassed training data, we found that with careful prompting, the Stable Diffusion model was able to generate photorealistic synthetic river images reproducing many important environmental and morphological characteristics. Furthermore, conditional control techniques, such as the use of condition maps with ControlNet, were effective for providing additional constraints on output images. Despite great potential for the use of TTI models in the Earth sciences field, we advocate for caution in sensitive applications and advocate for domain‐specific reviews of training data and image generation biases to mitigate perpetuation of existing biases.
Estrogens dynamically regulate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult female rats
Authors: Yagi Shunya , Mohammad Ahmad , Wen Yanhua , Batallán Burrowes Ariel A. , Blankers Samantha A. , Galea Liisa A. M.
Published: August 2024

Estrone and estradiol differentially modulate neuroplasticity and cognition. How they influence the maturation of new neurons in the adult hippocampus, however, is not known. The present study assessed the effects of estrone and estradiol on the maturation timeline of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of ovariectomized (a model of surgical menopause) young adult Sprague–Dawley rats using daily subcutaneous injections of 17β‐estradiol, estrone or vehicle. Rats were injected with a DNA synthesis marker, 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdU), and were perfused 1, 2, or 3 weeks after BrdU injection and daily hormone treatment. Brains were sectioned and processed for various markers including: sex‐determining region Y‐box 2 (Sox2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), antigen kiel 67 (Ki67), doublecortin (DCX), and neuronal nuclei (NeuN). Immunofluorescent labeling or co‐labelling of BrdU with Sox2 (progenitor cells), Sox2/GFAP (neural progenitor cells), Ki67 (cell proliferation), DCX (immature neurons), NeuN (mature neurons) was used to examine the trajectory and maturation of adult‐born neurons over time. Estrogens had early (1 week of exposure) effects on different stages of neurogenesis (neural progenitor cells, cell proliferation and early maturation of new cells into neurons) but these effects were less pronounced after prolonged treatment. Estradiol enhanced, whereas estrone reduced cell proliferation after 1 week but not after longer exposure to either estrogen. Both estrogens increased the density of immature neurons (BrdU/DCX‐ir) after 1 week of exposure compared to vehicle treatment but this increased density was not sustained over longer durations of treatments to estrogens, suggesting that the enhancing effects of estrogens on neurogenesis were short‐lived. Longer duration post‐ovariectomy, without treatments with either of the estrogens, was associated with reduced neural progenitor cells in the DG. These results demonstrate that estrogens modulate several aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis differently in the short term, but may lose their ability to influence neurogenesis after long‐term exposure. These findings have potential implications for treatments involving estrogens after surgical menopause.
Clinical significance of serum CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Wang Shuo , Cui Yanhui
Published: August 2024

Study Design

Lupus nephritis (LN) is an autoimmune disease as a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). LN is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation as index scoring, and kidney biopsy as a more accurate but invasive examination. In the current study, we assessed serological markers including IFN‐γ‐inducible chemokines C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in diagnosing LN.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 160 SLE patients with and without LN. Fasting venous blood was collected from the study subjects for measuring serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. The assessment of clinical disease activity in SLE was conducted using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)‐2000 scoring system. LN disease activity was conducted using the Austin scoring system. LN was further confirmed following kidney biopsy, and data were compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

SLE patients with LN showed longer SLE duration, enhanced SLEDAI scores, lower serum anti‐ds‐DNA antibody levels when compared to SLE patients without LN. Specifically, these patients had significantly higher serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 showed positive correlation with SLE disease activity in SLE patients with LN. ROC analysis of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 showed substantial enhancement of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of LN in the patients with SLE.

Conclusions

Serum CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 levels may improve the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of LN in SLE patients.
Expression of MAF bZIP transcription factor B protects against ulcerative colitis through the inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Li Jingwen , Li Qingmin , Ma Wei , Zhang Yongsheng , Li Xiaonan
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore whether MAF bZIP transcription factor B (MAFB) might alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced mice and LPS‐induced IEC‐6 cells.

Methods

UC in vivo and in vitro model was established by using DSS and LPS, respectively. The mice body weight and disease activity index (DAI) score were recorded daily, and colon length was measured. Moreover, the permeability was evaluated utilizing a fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC‐Dextran) probe. Histopathological changes of DSS‐induced colitis mice was assessed utilizing H&E staining. Next, qRT‐PCR was performed to detect IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐10 level in in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the level of MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH were evaluated in colon tissues. Besides, the expressions of tight junction proteins and NF‐κB pathway relative proteins were examined in colitis mice and IEC‐6 cells using western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

Results

MAFB level was downregulated in DSS‐induced colitis mice. Moreover, the upregulation of MAFB protected mice from DSS‐induced colitis by suppressing DSS‐induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier impairment. We also demonstrated that the upregulation of MAFB inactivated NF‐κB pathway in DSS‐caused colitis mice. Subsequently, we observed that MAFB upregulation could inhibit LPS‐caused epithelial barrier impairment and inflammation in IEC‐6 cells. Additionally, MAFB overexpression could suppress the activation of NF‐κB pathway in IEC‐6 cells.

Conclusion

The upregulation of MAFB could protect against UC via the suppression of inflammation and the intestinal barrier impairment through inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway.
Opuntia dillenii (Ker‐Gawl.) Haw. var. reitzii, a new variety from Brazilian Coast
Authors: Scheinvar Léia
Published: August 2024

A new variety of Opuntia is described and illustrated, Opuntia dillenii (Ker‐Gawl.) Haw. var. reitzii, var. nov.
Vergleichende geobotanische Untersuchungen in der Baschkirischen ASSR
Authors: Klotz Stefan , Köck Uwe‐Volkmar
Published: August 2024

Der dritte Teil der „Vergleichenden geobotanischen Untersuchungen in der Baschkirischen ASSR“ enthält die Ergebnisse pflanzensoziologischer Untersuchungen der Wasserpflanzen‐, Flußufer‐ und Halophytenvegetation. Auf der Grundlage der nach den Methoden von Braun‐Blanquet gewonnenen Vegetationsaufnahmen wird der floristisch‐soziologische Aufbau der ausgeschiedenen Vegetationseinheiten dargestellt; sie werden synökologisch charakterisiert; und es werden pflanzengeographisch‐synchorologische Aspekte beim Vergleich mit entsprechenden mitteleuropäischen Pflanzengesellschaften diskutiert. Folgende Vegetationseinheiten werden besprochen: Lemno‐Spirodeletum Koch 54, Stratiotetum aloidis (Now. 30) Milj. 33, Potamogetonetum lucentis Hueck 31, P. perfoliati W. Koch 26 cm. Pass. 64, Potamogeton pectinatus‐, P. pusillus Gesell., Elodeetum canadensis Pign. 53, Myriophyllo‐Nupharetum W. Koch 26, Sparganium emersum‐Potamogeton perfoliatus‐Gesell., Phragmitetum communis (Gams 27) Schmale 39, Typhetum angustifoliae Pign. 53, Scirpetum lacustris (Eggl. 33) Schmale 39 S. tabernaemontani Pass. 64, S. maritimi (Br.‐Bl. 31) Tx. 37, Glycerietum maximae Hueck 41, Sparganietum erecti Roll 38, Equisetetum fluviatilis Steff. 31, Sagittario‐Sparganietum Tx. 53, Eleocharis palustris‐, Alisma graminea Gesell., Phalaridetum Libb. 31, Eleocharidetum acicularis Koch 26 cm. Oberd. 57, Xanthium strumarium‐Chenopodium glaucum‐, Petasites spurius‐Gesell., Junco‐Glaucetum Mahn et Schub. 62, Junco gerardii‐Agrostietum (D. R. 25) Tx. 50.
Lonicerin alleviates intestinal myenteric neuron injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation treated macrophages by downregulating EZH2
Authors: Yao Zhiguang , Liang Yuan , Pan Chunyan , Zeng Kun , Qu Zhibo
Published: August 2024

Intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury is a common gastrointestinal disease that induces severe intestinal dysfunction. Intestinal myenteric neurons participate in maintaining the intestinal function, which will be severely injured by IR. Macrophages are widely reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of organ IR injury, including intestine, which is activated by NLRP3 signaling. Lonicerin (LCR) is a natural extracted monomer with inhibitory efficacy against the NLRP3 pathway in macrophages. The present study aims to explore the potential protective function of LCR in intestinal IR injury. Myenteric neurons were extracted from mice. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated by H/R with or without 10 μM and 30 μM LCR. Remarkable increased release of IL‐6, MCP‐1, and TNF‐α were observed in H/R treated RAW 264.7 cells, along with an upregulation of NLRP3, cleaved‐caspase‐1, IL‐1β, and EZH2, which were sharply repressed by LCR. Myenteric neurons were cultured with the supernatant collected from each group. Markedly decreased neuron number and shortened length of neuron axon were observed in the H/R group, which were signally reversed by LCR. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated by H/R, followed by incubated with 30 μM LCR with or without pcDNA3.1‐EZH2. The inhibition of LCR on NLRP3 signaling in H/R treated RAW 264.7 cells was abolished by EZH2 overexpression. Furthermore, the impact of LCR on neuron number and neuron axon length in myenteric neurons in the H/R group was abated by EZH2 overexpression. Collectively, LCR alleviated intestinal myenteric neuron injury induced by H/R treated macrophages via downregulating EZH2.
Inflammation alters the expression pattern of drug transporters during Caco‐2 cell stimulation and azoxymethane‐induced colon tumorigenesis
Authors: El‐Daly Sherien M. , Gouhar Shaimaa A. , Abdelrahman Sahar S.
Published: August 2024

Drug transporters play a pivotal role in modulating drug disposition and are subject to alterations under inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the intricate expression patterns of drug transporters during both acute and chronic inflammation, which are closely linked to malignant transformation. To investigate acute inflammation, we employed an in vitro model by subjecting Caco‐2 cells to various inflammatory stimuli (IL‐1β, TNF‐α, or LPS) individually or in combination. The successful induction of inflammation was confirmed by robust increases in IL‐6 and NO production. Notably, inflamed Caco‐2 cells exhibited significantly diminished levels of ABCB1 and ABCG2, while the expression of ABCC2 was upregulated. For chronic inflammation induction in vivo, we employed the well‐established AOM/DSS mouse model known for its association with colitis‐driven tumorigenesis. Persistent inflammation was effectively monitored throughout the experiment via elevated IL‐6 and NO levels. The sequential stages of tumorigenesis were confirmed through Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry. Intriguingly, we observed gradual alterations in the expression patterns of the studied drug transporters during stepwise induction, with ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 showing downregulation and ABCC2 exhibiting upregulation. Immunohistochemistry further revealed dynamic changes in the expression of ABCB1 and ABCC2 during the induction cycles, closely paralleling the gradual increase in Ki‐67 expression observed during the development of precancerous lesions. Collectively, our findings underscore the significant impact of inflammation on drug transporter expression, potentially influencing the process of malignant transformation of the colon.
Reduced myotube diameter induced by combined inhibition of transforming growth factor‐β type I receptors Acvr1b and Tgfbr1 is associated with enhanced β1‐syntrophin expression
Authors: Shi Andi , He Chuqi , Otten Kirsten , Wu Gang , Forouzanfar Tymour , Wüst Rob C. I. , Jaspers Richard T.
Published: August 2024

Simultaneous inhibition of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) type I receptors Acvr1b and Tgfbr1 signalling has been associated with excessive skeletal muscle hypertrophy in vivo. However, it remains unclear whether the increased muscle mass in vivo is a direct result of inhibition of intracellular TGF‐β signalling or whether this is an indirect effect of an altered extracellular anabolic environment. Here, we tested whether individual or simultaneous knockdown of TGF‐β type I receptors in C2C12 myotubes was sufficient to induce muscle hypertrophy. The expression levels of TGF‐β type I receptors Acvr1b and Tgfbr1 in myotubes were knocked down individually or in combination in the absence or presence of TGF‐β1 and myostatin. Knocking down either Acvr1b or Tgfbr1 did not significantly change cell phenotype. Unexpectedly, simultaneous knockdown of both receptors reduced C2C12 myotube diameter, mRNA expression levels of Hgf, Ccn2 and Mymx with or without TGF‐β1 and myostatin administration. In spite of decreased phosphorylation of Smad2/3, phosphorylation of P70S6K was reduced. In addition, the gene expression level of β1‐syntrophin (Sntb1), which encodes a protein associated with the dystrophin−glycoprotein complex, was increased. Parallel experiments where Sntb1 gene expression was reduced showed an increase in myotube diameter and fusion of C2C12 myoblasts. Together, these results indicate that the knockdown of both TGF‐β type I receptors reduced myotube diameter. This atrophic effect was attributed to reduced protein synthesis signalling and an increased expression of β1‐syntrophin. These results have implications for our fundamental understanding of how TGF‐β signalling regulates skeletal muscle size.
Adsorption of vanadium using a new anionic Schiff Base adsorbent and its application to vanadium separation from boiler ash
Authors: Abdalla Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Background

This study reports the preparation of 2‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐(((2‐((2‐(((E)‐4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐(trimethylammonio)propoxy)‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)‐2‐methoxyphenoxy)‐N,N,N‐trimethylpropan‐1‐aminium (HYM/QA). The adsorbent was employed to extract and concentrate vanadium from its solutions and boiler ash samples.

Results

The impact of initial dosage, pH, reaction time and temperature on the sorption behavior of V(V) was examined. Under optimal conditions (pH 5, 0.08 g dose, 45 min at room temperature), a sorption capacity of 392.25 mg g−1 was achieved. The uptake of V(V) on HYM/QA was effectively reversed using 1 mol L−1 NaOH, regenerating the material. After six cycles of sorption and elution, the sorption capability remained at 91.4% of its initial value. The efficiency and selectivity of HYM/QA toward V5+ ions were assessed using the separation factor parameter, revealing limited interference from heavy metals such as Mn2+, Cr3+, Pb2+, Si4+, Al3+, NO32−, HCO3− and Zn2+. The uptake process of HYM/QA for V(V) conformed to the Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. HYM/QA was characterized by infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses, confirming successful preparation. Thermodynamic assessments suggested that the sorption process is endothermic, spontaneous and becoming more favorable with rising temperature.

Conclusion

The optimized conditions were used to adsorb vanadium from boiler ash samples, and the obtained vanadium pentaoxide was analyzed and confirmed using various tools, demonstrating the material's effectiveness for vanadium extraction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The experiences of podiatrists prescribing custom foot orthoses and patients using custom foot orthoses for foot pain management in the United Kingdom: A focus group study
Authors: Leach Emily , Cowley Emma , Bowen Catherine
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Foot pain can be a significant burden for patients. Custom foot orthoses (CFOs) have been a mainstay in podiatry treatment for foot pain management and improving foot function. However, little is known about podiatrists' experience of prescribing CFOs or patient experience of using foot orthoses (FOs), including CFOs, for foot pain.

Methods

A focus group (FG) discussion with three FOs users (Female = 2 and Male = 1) was conducted in November 2022 within a private podiatry practice. This group represented non‐experts from the general local population of individuals with existing or previous foot pain who have personally experienced using either over‐the‐counter FOs or CFOs. An online FG discussion with five musculoskeletal (MSK) specialist podiatrists (Female = 2 and Male = 3) was also conducted in December 2022. This group represented podiatrists with specialist knowledge in foot biomechanics and clinical experience in CFO provision. The FG discussions were recorded and lasted 49 and 57 min respectively. Transcribed data was manually coded, and a thematic analysis was undertaken to identify patterns within the collected data.

Results

The participants in the patient FG detailed mixed experiences of the prescription process and CFOs received, with reports of limited involvement/input in their prescription, the need for frequent adjustments and high costs. The impact on footwear choices, replicability and transferability of CFOs into different types of shoes and technologies to aid design were also highlighted. In the podiatrist FG, lack of confidence in design and manufacture processes, prescription form language, relationship and communication building with manufacturers, variability in the CFOs issued and the need for better student education in CFO provision emerged as key themes.

Conclusion

Patients and podiatrists shared similar views on CFO provision, namely poor communication with manufacturers leading to dissatisfaction with the CFOs prescribed causing negative impacts on patient experiences. Podiatrists called for greater education at registration level to increase new graduate podiatrist knowledge in CFO design and manufacture and better collaboration with manufacturing companies.
Patterns of dermal denticle loss in sharks
Authors: Fath Michael A. , Wong Greta , Colombero Chloé‐Rose , Gabler‐Smith Molly K. , Lauder George V. , Wainwright Dylan K.
Published: August 2024

As they grow, sharks both replace lost denticles and proliferate the number of denticles by developing new (de novo) denticles without prior denticle shedding. The loss and replacement of denticles has potential impacts on the energetic cost of maintaining the skin surface, the biomechanical functions of shark skin, as well as our ability to predict shark abundance from fossil denticle occurrence in sediment cores. Here, we seek to better understand patterns of denticle loss and to show how denticles are being replaced in mature sharks. We illustrate shark skin surfaces with missing denticles and quantify both within‐species and between‐species patterns of missing denticles using images from across regions of the body for two species and images at similar body regions for 16 species of sharks. Generally, sharks are missing similar numbers of denticles (0%–6%) between species and regions. However, there are exceptions: in the smooth dogfish, the nose region is missing significantly more denticles than most posterior‐body and fin regions, and the common thresher shark is missing significantly more denticles than the smooth dogfish, leopard shark, angel shark, bonnethead, and gulper shark. Denticle regrowth starts with crown development and mineralization beneath the epidermis, followed by eruption of the crown, and finally the mineralization of the root. The pulp cavity of replacement denticles is initially large and surrounded by a thin shell of enameloid upon eruption of the denticle. After eruption of the denticle, the deposition of dentine continues internally after the denticle reaches its final position. Replacement of missing denticles, representing less than 6% of the skin surface at any one time, may not compromise hydrodynamic function, but by constantly updating the skin surface throughout life, sharks may reduce surface fouling and maintain a functional complex skin surface by repairing local damage to individual denticles.
A novel model based on serum N‐glycan markers for evaluating stage of liver necroinflammation in treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Su Rui , Yan Lihua , Jiang Bei , Li Jia , Li Ping , Liu Yonggang , Miao Jing , Chen Cuiying , Xu Liang , Ren Li , Mi Yuqiang
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to establish a novel noninvasive model based on the serum N‐glycan spectrum for providing an objective value for determining the stage of liver necroinflammation related to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. N‐glycan profiles of the sera of 295 treatment‐naïve CHB patients were analyzed. N‐glycan profiles were tested for different liver necroinflammation stages using DNA sequence‐assisted fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. A serum N‐glycan model named N‐glycan‐LI (NGLI) using support vector machine was selected to evaluate the classification of liver necroinflammation (G < 2 and G ≥ 2). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) was 0.898 (training set, n = 236) and 0.911 (validation set, n = 59) regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis (AUROC = 0.886 and 0.926, respectively, in S < 2 and S ≥ 2 group). The NGLI correspondingly had the highest specificity (SP) of 90.79% and negative predictive value of 92.00% in an inactive stage (including immune‐tolerant [IT] and inactive‐carrier [IC] stage), had the highest positive predictive value of 95.18% in stage immune‐active, and had the highest SP of 93.94% in grey zone IT + IC. N‐glycan profiles appear to correlate well with hepatic necroinflammation in CHB when compared with liver biopsy. The newly developed model appears to reliably predict liver damage in naïve‐treatment patients with CHB.
Understanding the landscape of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells post‐omicron surge
Authors: Binayke Akshay , Zaheer Aymaan , Vishwakarma Siddhesh , Sharma Priyanka , Dandotiya Jyotsna , Raghavan Sreevatsan , Gosain Mudita , Singh Savita , Chattopadhyay Souvick , Kaushal Jyotsana , Madan Upasna , Kshetrapal Pallavi , Batra Gaurav , Wadhwa Nitya , Pandey Anil Kumar , Bhatnagar Shinjini , Garg Pramod Kumar , Awasthi Amit
Published: August 2024

Emerging evidence shows increased humoral response post‐omicron surge, but research on T cell responses is limited. This study investigated the durability, magnitude, and breadth of SARS‐CoV‐2‐spike‐specific T cell responses in 216 two‐dose vaccinated individuals pre‐ and post‐omicron surge. Post‐surge samples showed enhanced T cell responses, indicating widespread asymptomatic exposure to omicron. Further analysis of 105 individuals with multiple exposures to SARS‐CoV‐2 through boosters or infections showed that post‐omicron, two‐dose vaccinated individuals had T cell responses comparable to those of COVID‐19 convalescents or boosted individuals. Additionally, we report cross‐reactive T cell responses against omicron sub‐variants, including BA2.86, remained strong, with preserved frequencies of spike‐specific stem‐cell‐like memory T cells. In silico prediction indicates that mutated epitopes of JN.1 and KP.2 retain over 95.6% of their HLA binding capability. Overall, our data suggests that T cell responses are sustained, enhanced, and cross‐reactive against emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants following symptomatic or asymptomatic omicron infection.