bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Effects of Supported Exercise on Elevated Anxiety and Depression Scores in Formerly Sedentary Adults With Severe Obesity
Authors: Annesi James J.
Published: December 2021

Persistent anxiety and depression may be particularly high in individuals with obesity. Increasing exercise reliably improves mood in the general population; however, it has rarely been tested specifically in adults with severe obesity. Volunteer participants (60% women) of a theory-based cognitive-behavioral weight-management treatment with severe obesity and elevated (highest 10% based on normative values) depression ( N = 89) or anxiety ( N = 60) were assessed at baseline and Month 6 on measures of exercise output (overall, and whether the equivalent of three moderate sessions/week [i.e., ≥ 15 METs/week] were completed), corresponding mood, and exercise barriers self-efficacy. There were significant improvements (large effect sizes) in exercise outputs and mood. Increase in exercise outputs was significantly associated with reduced depression (β = −.52) and anxiety (β = −.67) scores. At least 15 METs/week of exercise was reached by 61% and 60% of participants, respectively. Participants demonstrated significantly greater reductions in depression and anxiety scores over 6 months than those completing lower amounts. Change in exercise barriers self-efficacy significantly mediated the following: (a) the prediction of depression change by change in exercise output and (b) the prediction of change in anxiety by completion/non-completion of ≥ 15 METs/week of exercise. Findings suggest substantial benefits for depression and anxiety in adults with severe obesity under conditions of moderate exercise supported by a community-based cognitive-behavioral treatment. Because of its identified mediation properties, future behavioral treatments should seek to increase barriers self-efficacy to maximize effects on elevated depression and anxiety and possibly weight.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of genitourinary tuberculosis in Sri Lanka: an observational study
Authors: Jayarajah Umesh , Gunawardene Milan , Willaraarachchi Munipriya , Chandrasiri Shirani , Udayakumaran Perumal , Sosai Cherine , Abeygunasekera Anuruddha
Published: December 2021

Background

Although genitourinary Tuberculosis (GUTB) is the second commonest source of extrapulmonary TB in most countries, the reported rate of GUTB in Sri Lanka remains low. The characteristics of GUTB in Sri Lanka have not been studied and documented so far. We aimed to study the clinical and imaging characteristics, treatment modalities and outcome of GUTB in Sri Lanka.

Methods

Data collected from patients treated by a single urological surgeon in two institutes consecutively over a period of 21 years were analysed. All patients with a microbiological and/or histopathological diagnosis of GUTB were included. Median duration of follow-up was 24 months (range: 6–96).

Results

There were 82 patients and 45 (54.9%) were men. The median age was 51 (range: 26–75) years. Most patients (39%, n = 32) had vague non-specific symptoms at presentation. Common specific symptoms at presentation were haematuria (15.8%, n = 13) and scrotal manifestations (15.8%, n = 13). Mantoux test was done in 70 patients and was > 10 mm in 62 (88.5%). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was available in 69 patients and was > 30 mm in 54 (78.3%) patients. Chest x-ray and x-ray kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) abnormalities were detected in 9 (11%) and 6 (7.3%) respectively. CT-urography was performed in 72 patients and abnormalities were detected in 57 (79%) patients. Forty-two patients underwent cystoscopy and 73.8% (n = 31) had abnormal findings. Microbiological diagnosis was feasible in 43 (52.4%) and rest were diagnosed histopathologically. Commonest organs involved were kidney (64.6%, n = 53), ureter (51.2%, n = 42), bladder (43.9%, n = 36) and testis/epididymis (15.8%, n = 13). One patient had TB of the prostate. All were treated primarily with anti-TB drugs however, 50 (61%) required ancillary therapeutic interventions. The majority of interventions were reconstructive surgeries (n = 20, 24.4%) followed by excisional surgeries (n = 19, 23.2%) and drainage procedures (n = 11, 13.4%). Seven patients developed serious adverse reactions to anti-TB drugs. Five patients developed a thimble bladder with disabling storage symptoms. Eight patients had deranged renal functions at diagnosis and three patients developed progressive deterioration of renal function and two patients died of end stage renal disease.

Conclusions

The combination of urine for acid-fast bacilli, Mantoux test, CT-Urography, cystoscopy and histopathology is necessary to diagnose GUTB in resource-poor settings. Most ureteric strictures, non-functioning kidneys and epididymal masses need surgical treatment. Long-term follow up is essential to detect progressive deterioration of renal function.
Development of a novel multifocal lens using a polarization directed flat lens: possible candidate for a multifocal intraocular lens
Authors: Na Kyung-Sun , Lee Chang Su , Kim Da Ran , Song Seok Ho , Cho Soo Yeon , Kim Eun Chul , Kim Hyun Seung , Hwang Ho Sik
Published: December 2021

Background

A polarization-directed flat (PDF) lens acts as a converging lens with a focal length (f) > 0 and a diverging lens with f < 0, depending on the polarization state of the incidental light. To produce a multifocal lens with two focal lengths, a PDF and a converging lens having shorter focal length were combined. In this study, we tested a bifocal PDF to determine its potential as a new multifocal intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods

Constructed a multifocal lens with a PDF lens (f = +/− 100 mm) and a converging lens (f = + 25 mm). In an optical bench test, we measured the defocus curve to test the multifocal function. The multifocal function and optical quality of the lens in various situations were tested. An Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart as a near target and a building as a distant target were photographed using a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. Both lenses (multifocal and monofocal) were tested under the same conditions.

Results

For the 0 D and − 20 D focal points, the multifocal lens showed sharp images in the optical bench test. In the DSLR test using the multifocal lens, the building appeared slightly blurry compared with the results using the monofocal lens. With the multifocal lens, the ETDRS chart’s images became blurry as the ETDRS chart’s distance decreased, but became very clear again at a certain position.

Conclusions

We confirmed the multifocal function of the multifocal lens using a PDF lens. This lens can be used as a multifocal IOL in the future.
Absorbance or organization into ankylosis: a microarray analysis of haemarthrosis in a sheep model of temporomandibular joint trauma
Authors: Jiao Mai-Ning , Zhang Tong-Mei , Yang Kun , Xu Zhao-Yuan , Zhang Guan-Meng , Tian Yuan-Yuan , Liu Hao , Yan Ying-Bin
Published: December 2021

Background

Traumatic haemarthrosis was hypothesized to be the etiology of temporomandibular (TMJ) ankylosis. Here, taking haematoma absorbance as a control, we aimed to reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in haematoma organizing into ankylosis using transcriptome microarray profiles.

Material/methods

Disk removal was performed to building haematoma absorbance (HA) in one side of TMJ, while removal of disk and articular fibrous layers was performed to induced TMJ ankylosis through haematoma organization (HO) in the contralateral side in a sheep model. Haematoma tissues harvested at days 1, 4 and 7 postoperatively were examined by histology, and analyzed by Affymetrix OviGene-1_0-ST microarrays. The DAVID were recruited to perform the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis for the different expression genes (DEGs). The DEGs were also typed into protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks to get the interaction data. Six significant genes screened from PPI analysis, were confirmed by real-time PCR.

Results

We found 268, 223 and 17 DEGs at least twofold at days 1, 4 and 7, respectively. At day 1, genes promoting collagen ossification (POSTN, BGN, LUM, SPARC), cell proliferation (TGF-β), and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (BMP-2) were up-regulated in the HO side. At day 4, several genes involved in angiogenesis (KDR, FIT1, TEK) shower higher expression in the HO side. While HA was characterized by a continuous immune and inflammatory reaction.

Conclusions

Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of haematoma in the onset and progress of TMJ ankylosis. The study will contribute to explaining why few injured TMJs ankylose and most do not from the molecular level.
Examining transcranial random noise stimulation as an add-on treatment for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia (STIM’Zo): a study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, randomized sham-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Brunelin Jerome , Mondino Marine , Haesebaert Julie , Attal Jerome , Benoit Michel , Chupin Marie , Dollfus Sonia , El-Hage Wissam , Galvao Filipe , Jardri Renaud , Llorca Pierre Michel , Magaud Laurent , Plaze Marion , Schott-Pethelaz Anne Marie , Suaud-Chagny Marie-Françoise , Szekely David , Fakra Eric , Poulet Emmanuel
Published: December 2021

Background

One out of three patients with schizophrenia failed to respond adequately to antipsychotics and continue to experience debilitating symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and negative symptoms. The development of additional therapeutic approaches for these persistent symptoms constitutes a major goal for patients. Here, we develop a randomized-controlled trial testing the efficacy of high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) for the treatment of resistant/persistent symptoms of schizophrenia in patients with various profiles of symptoms, cognitive deficits and illness duration. We also aim to investigate the biological and cognitive effects of hf-tRNS and to identify the predictors of clinical response.

Methods

In a randomized, double-blind, 2-arm parallel-group, controlled, multicentre study, 144 patients with schizophrenia and persistent symptoms despite the prescription of at least one antipsychotic treatment will be randomly allocated to receive either active (n = 72) or sham (n = 72) hf-tRNS. hf-tRNS (100–500 Hz) will be delivered for 20 min with a current intensity of 2 mA and a 1-mA offset twice a day on 5 consecutive weekdays. The anode will be placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode over the left temporoparietal junction. Patients’ symptoms will be assessed prior to hf-tRNS (baseline), after the 10 sessions, and at 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the number of responders defined as a reduction of at least 25% from the baseline scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) after the 10 sessions. Secondary outcomes will include brain activity and connectivity, source monitoring performances, social cognition, other clinical (including auditory hallucinations) and biological variables, and attitude toward treatment.

Discussion

The results of this trial will constitute a first step toward establishing the usefulness of hf-tRNS in schizophrenia whatever the stage of the illness and the level of treatment resistance. We hypothesize a long-lasting effect of active hf-tRNS on the severity of schizophrenia symptoms as compared to sham. This trial will also have implications for the use of hf-tRNS as a preventive intervention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02744989. Prospectively registered on 20 April 2016
Failure of a single day metronidazole desensitization protocol, and success of a modified two-day protocol in an outpatient setting
Authors: Cahill Julia A. , Sahota Preena Simritpreet , Kan Manstein
Published: December 2021

Background

True allergy to metronidazole, a common anti-infective in clinical practice, is rarely reported in the literature. In the case of Trichomonas, there are few alternatives to the nitrimidazole class of drugs, and the alternatives that do exist are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Accordingly, for the rare patients with Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions to metronidazole but compelling need, desensitization protocols have been adapted previously. Reactions during these protocols appear common. Patients in previous regimens have required higher level care for observation, which is costly and resource-intensive.

Case presentation

We report here on a successful outpatient two-day regimen for metronidazole desensitization. Our patient had compelling indication for metronidazole, but reacted after receiving the very first dose of a previously described desensitization protocol. Accordingly, the protocol was adapted further. Despite this, she went on to develop objective hives prior to reaching the full intended dose. With appropriate symptom management and pre-medication on the second day in clinic, she was successfully desensitized and able to complete a week of full-dose metronidazole. No acute care resources were needed.

Conclusion

We propose this two-day desensitization regimen for patients who react during the previously described desensitization protocols. This regimen was effective and safe, and did not necessitate the use of acute-care resources. Two-day desensitization protocols while relatively uncommon, can be successful.
Physiotherapy Regimens in Esophagectomy and Gastrectomy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tukanova Karina H. , Chidambaram Swathikan , Guidozzi Nadia , Hanna George B. , McGregor Alison H. , Markar Sheraz R.
Published: December 2021

Background

Esophageal and gastric cancer surgery are associated with considerable morbidity, specifically postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), potentially accentuated by underlying challenges with malnutrition and cachexia affecting respiratory muscle mass. Physiotherapy regimens aim to increase the respiratory muscle strength and may prevent postoperative morbidity.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of physiotherapy regimens in patients treated with esophagectomy or gastrectomy.

Methods

An electronic database search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL and Pedro databases. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of physiotherapy on the functional capacity, incidence of PPCs and postoperative morbidity, in-hospital mortality rate, length of hospital stay (LOS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Results

Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and seven cohort studies assessing prehabilitation totaling 960 patients, and five RCTs and five cohort studies assessing peri- or postoperative physiotherapy with 703 total patients, were included. Prehabilitation resulted in a lower incidence of postoperative pneumonia and morbidity (Clavien–Dindo score ≥ II). No difference was observed in functional exercise capacity and in-hospital mortality following prehabilitation. Meanwhile, peri- or postoperative rehabilitation resulted in a lower incidence of pneumonia, shorter LOS, and better HRQoL scores for dyspnea and physical functioning, while no differences were found for the QoL summary score, global health status, fatigue, and pain scores.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggests that implementing an exercise intervention may be beneficial in both the preoperative and peri- or postoperative periods. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism through which exercise interventions improve clinical outcomes and which patient subgroup will gain the maximal benefit.
Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of One-Handed Helical Oligo-o-phenylene-ethynylenes Using Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane
Authors: Miki Nanami , Inoue Ryo , Morisaki Yasuhiro
Published: December 2021

Both enantiomers of a one-handed helical molecule consisting of an o-arylene-ethynylene skeleton were prepared using a planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane. The helicity of the molecule was controlled by its planar chirality. Excellent chiroptical properties were observed; in particular, the molecule emitted intense circularly polarized luminescence with a high |glum| value of the order of 10−2.
Crystalline-State Photochromism of a Newly Synthesized Rhodium Dithionite Complex with Inflexible Cyclo-Pentyl Groups
Authors: Kajiwara Yuu , Nakai Hidetaka
Published: December 2021

A rhodium dinuclear complex having inflexible cyclo-pentyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl (CpCyPen = η5-C5Me4cyclo-C5H9) and photoresponsive dithionite (μ-O2SSO2) ligands, [(CpCyPenRh)2(μ-CH2)2(μ-O2SSO2)] (1CyPen), was newly synthesized. Crystalline-state photochromism between 1CyPen and the corresponding μ-O2SOSO complex (2CyPen) was successfully investigated by performing time-dependent X-ray diffraction experiments. Without any degradation of the crystal, type-T inverse photochromic reaction based on the μ-O2SSO2 ligand proceeded within the rigid reaction cavity formed by the inflexible CpCyPen ligands.
A Thermally Robust Cyclic Dialkylsilylene
Authors: Abe Takashi , Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki
Published: December 2021

We report herein a new cyclic dialkylsilylene (1d), whose thermal stability is considerably improved compared to the previously reported isolable dialkylsilylenes. Dialkylsilylene 1d does not decompose in benzene-d6 solution for at least one month at room temperature.
Problems with the Adhesion of Chemical-solution-deposited Films? Solving the Problem of CdS Thin Film Adhesion with a Very Simple and Green Chemical Procedure
Authors: García-Valenzuela Jorge A , Baez-Gaxiola Martha R , Cota-Leal Marcos
Published: December 2021

A novel, very simple, and environmentally friendly chemical procedure is presented for solving the problem of adhesion of chemical-solution-deposited CdS thin films to tin-free glass sheets and silicon wafers: the addition of a single drop (0.05 mL) of 0.05 M Al2(SO4)3 solution for every 100 mL of reaction solution. The issue of film adhesion is fully explained, and the in situ effect of the added Al3+ ions, which occurs through modification of the substrate surface by adsorption of the Al(OH)4− ions formed in the alkaline reaction solution, is explained in detail. With this chemical procedure, the addition of more toxic cadmium salt is not required, and no tedious sensitization procedures or slow reactions at low temperatures are needed. Also, it is demonstrated that the addition of one drop of 0.05 M Al2(SO4)3 into the reaction solution does not affect the growth rate, the chemical composition, or the optical and electrical properties of the resulting CdS thin films.
Information Networks and Collective Action: Evidence from the Women’s Temperance Crusade
Authors: García-Jimeno Camilo , Iglesias Angel , Yildirim Pinar
Published: December 2021

How do social interactions shape collective action, and how are they mediated by networked information technologies? We answer these questions studying the Temperance Crusade, a wave of anti-liquor protest activity spreading across 29 states between 1873 and 1874. Relying on exogenous variation in network links generated by railroad accidents, we provide causal evidence of social interactions driving the diffusion of the movement, mediated by rail and telegraph information about neighboring activity. Local newspaper coverage of the crusade was a key channel mediating these effects. Using an event-study methodology, we find strong complementarities between rail and telegraph networks in driving the movement’s spread. (JEL D83, J16, L92, L96, N31, N41, N71)
The effects of economic policy uncertainty on stock market returns: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Gea Cristiane , Vereda Luciano , Figueiredo Pinto Antonio Carlos , Klotzle Marcelo Cabus
Published: December 2021

This article investigates the effects of economic policy uncertainty on the Brazilian stock market. We link excess returns and dividend growth rates to the economic policy uncertainty index of Baker et al. (2016) and other control variables. In recent years, Brazil has experienced political tensions, which affected its economic policy. Therefore, this country is the most suitable environment to test the hypothesis that this measure of economic policy uncertainty has an informational content not wholly reflected in the usual constructs of economic uncertainty and economic distress. Our results show that economic policy uncertainty (i) correlates negatively with current excess stock returns; (ii) correlates positively with future excess stock returns, showing itself to be a good predictor of future performance of the stock market; (iii) is not significantly related to future dividend growth rates; and (iv) anticipates changes in discount rates.
Ciclos de mejora en el aula. Año 2020 Experiencias de innovación docente de la Universidad de Sevilla
Authors: Navarro Medina Elisa , Porlán Ariza Rafael , Villarejo Ramos Ángel Francisco
Published: December 2021

La Universidad de Sevilla, en su compromiso con la mejora continua de la docencia, viene poniendo en marcha periódicamente un "Programa de Formación e Innovación Docente del Profesorado" (Programa FIDOP) en el marco de su Plan Propio de Docencia. Dicho programa tiene por objeto la formación y la innovación para la adquisición y el perfeccionamiento de las competencias en el empleo de metodologías docentes del profesorado. La filosofía y los principios básicos del Programa FIDOP se orientan en la dirección de ir generando un proceso de cambio conceptual y metodológico que acerque al Personal Docente e Investigador (PDI) de la Universidad de Sevilla -tanto al experimentado como al que inicia su carrera docente- a un modelo más innovador y acorde con los nuevos presupuestos emanados de las investigaciones que, sobre educación, didáctica de las diversas disciplinas, psicología del aprendizaje, epistemología, neurociencia, etc, han venido desarrollándose en los últimos años. En este marco de formación del PDI, se organizan anualmente unas Jornadas de Formación e Innovación Docente del Profesorado (Jornadas FIDOP) que constituyen el foro reservado para el debate e intercambio de experiencias en torno a los "Ciclos de Mejora en el Aula" (CIMA) realizados por los participantes en el programa. El contenido de las Jornadas FIDOP se estructura en base a la celebración de seminarios en los que se debaten las cuestiones que en los CIMA hayan suscitado mayor interés, generado mayores dificultades o se entiendan como más susceptibles de aprovechamiento a modo de benchmarking en otros ámbitos docentes. En las Jornadas FIDOP los participantes presentan sus comunicaciones -previamente evaluadas en cuanto a su idoneidad e incluidas en el documento que ahora se presenta-, que siguiendo las orientaciones dadas al respecto, describen y analizan las innovaciones puestas en marcha y las mejoras experimentadas en la impartición de la docencia en el aula -tanto en su diseño como en el proceso docente- y en sus resultados, derivados de la aplicación de los CIMA.
El obrar sigue al ser según Leonardo Polo.
Authors: Sánchez León Alberto
Published: December 2021

El viejo adagio medieval ‘el obrar sigue al ser’ posee una verdad muy profunda que a veces puede pasarnos desapercibida. Queremos ahondar en este refrán de la sabiduría popular desde la luz del pensamiento poliano, y rescatar del olvido la distinción real entre el acto de ser personal humano y la esencia del hombre. Palabras claves: Persona, voluntad, Leonardo Polo, libertad
Retornar a la tragedia: Schiller.
Authors: Salmerón Infante Miguel
Published: December 2021

El artículo se pregunta si la tragedia puede seguir teniendo vigencia en un mundo que parece indiferente a ella. A esta cuestión se intenta contestar haciendo una revisión de los dramas de Friedrich Schiller. Después de este repaso que va de Los bandidos a Guillermo Tell, queda clara la propuesta de Schiller. La tragedia, por ser necesariamente política, es humana, indispensablemente humana
Commentary on “Visualization in Operations Management Research”
Authors: Shneiderman Ben
Published: December 2021

This thoughtful review productively covers use of visualization in three operations management research issues: theory/model development, theory/model testing, and translation/conveyance. The authors’ admirable motivation is to promote use of visualization, but I believe (1) that a wider scope would provide a stronger foundation for their encouragement and (2) that a more positive attitude would increase the chances of their succeeding.
Know Where to Invest: Platform Risk Evaluation in Online Lending
Authors: Wang Zhao , Jiang Cuiqing , Zhao Huimin
Published: December 2021

Practice- and policy-oriented abstract for “Research Spotlights”

Although enjoying rapid development, online lending also endures some unusual risk, that is, platform risk. We address a new problem at the macro platform level, platform risk evaluation, and explore types of information and methods that are effective in predicting platform risk. We identify four types of information, that is, platform characteristic, risk management, commercial competition, and online word of mouth, and examine their utilities, separately and jointly, in predicting platform risk. We also propose the use of survival analysis, especially the mixture survival model, in predicting whether and when a platform will default. We carry out a cross-stage analysis using data crawled from two leading web portals for online lending in China with the two stages separated by the recent dramatic policy intervention. The results reveal the differences among the four identified factors in terms of predictive utility, the heterogeneity between the two types of default platforms, and differences between the start-up and stable periods of platform development. Based on the results, we derive some insights and examine the cross-stage changes and commonalities. We provide both lessons learned from the past and practical implications for market managers and lenders in the current online lending market.
A Result on Convergence of Sequences of Iterations with Applications to Best-Response Dynamics
Authors: Olszewski Wojciech
Published: December 2021

The result that says the sequence of iterations [Formula: see text] converges if [Formula: see text] is an increasing function has numerous applications in elementary economic analysis. I generalize this simple result to some mappings [Formula: see text]. The applications of the new result include the convergence of the best-response dynamics in the general version of the Crawford and Sobel model and in some versions of the Hotelling and Tiebout models.
Emergency remote teaching for interprofessional education during COVID-19: student experiences
Authors: Sy Michael Palapal , Park Vikki , Nagraj Shobhana , Power Alison , Herath Chulani
Published: December 2021

This is the third in a series of articles exploring experiences of engaging with interprofessional education during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article focuses on experiences of emergency remote teaching from the student perspective, considering the enablers and barriers to effective learning and taking into account the logistical, technological and theoretical considerations for facilitating an authentic learning experience in line with professional standards. A global perspective of interprofessional education during lockdown is provided through case studies, providing an opportunity to benchmark against examples of best practice to ensure online interprofessional education is successful in preparing students to work within a multiprofessional, multi-agency team to provide high-quality care through effective team working.
Reflecting on the importance of work experience for the next generation of doctors
Authors: Sathiapal Rahkul , Sivagnanaratnam Aravinth
Published: December 2021

A stroke consultant and pre-medical student discuss the benefits of work experience and their respective engagement in placement programmes.
Casos de ensino: uma revisão sistemática das publicações na Revista Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa (2011-2020)
Authors: Costa Silas Dias Mendes , Torres Thais Pinto da Rocha
Published: December 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o periódico brasileiro que mais publicou casos para ensino entre 2011 e 2020 e analisar características dessas publicações. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura com casos de ensino veiculados em periódicos indexados a biblioteca eletrônica SPELL e, após considerar o protocolo da pesquisa, a amostra foi composta por 35 casos para ensino publicados na Revista Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa (RAEP). Além de identificar o periódico mais proeminente na publicação de casos, a pesquisa indicou: a quantidade de casos publicados por ano; as palavras-chaves mais recorrentes; redes de coautoria e autores em destaque; mapeamento das áreas contempladas nos casos; e temas. Os resultados indicam que três grandes áreas concentram maior volume de casos: finanças, estratégia em organizações e gestão de pessoas e relações de trabalho, e uma dispersão dos temas contemplados, sinalizando tendências e lacunas que podem ser preenchidas com a elaboração de novos casos.
AFAGU, servindo na morte e na vida
Authors: De Oliveira Silva Brena Carolina , Adelino Brandão Halana , Messias Valdevino Antonio , De Moraes Thiago Assunção
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho descreve a trajetória da empresa Funerária Anjo da Guarda, carro-chefe do Grupo Cordeiro de Freitas. Trata-se de um caso para ensino que apresenta as estratégias de expansão e atuação definidas durante 24 anos de existência da empresa, e as perspectivas de futuro desta, a partir da visão de Miguel, diretor do departamento comercial e marketing do grupo. Entre necessidades que privilegiam o momento da morte ou os cuidados com a vida, seus clientes se beneficiam com trocas concretizadas por diversos serviços e a empresa mostra-se atenta às oportunidades de mercado, estando presente em alguns estados do Nordeste brasileiro. Para a elaboração deste caso, os autores realizaram entrevistas com os principais gestores da organização para a obtenção de dados primários. Também buscou-se dados secundários sobre as informações aqui relatadas em sites, redes sociais, filmes, vídeos e trabalhos acadêmicos. Busca-se, a partir deste trabalho, promover discussões e reflexões sobre ambiente e estratégias de marketing, contribuindo para o entendimento de tais conceitos em sala de aula.
Nosso Caso para Ensino foi Rejeitado. O que Faltou?
Authors: Salete Batista Freitag Maria , Paula Arantes Fernanda , Ribeiro Chaves Júnior Lourival
Published: December 2021

Esse artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar, analisar e discutir os elementos que motivaram a rejeição de um caso para ensino em administração, no intuito de poder contribuir para o aprimoramento da elaboração e da publicação dessa modalidade de texto. Há uma predominância na literatura no apontamento de caminhos para a construção de casos aceitáveis. Neste artigo, busca-se outra via ao apontar falhas que resultaram na rejeição de um caso. São chamados para o debate os revisores com seus posicionamentos sobre as falhas, fonte de dados desse trabalho, procedendo-se a uma análise, com base na literatura. A ampliação das evidências de falhas que motivam a rejeição de casos, resultante dessa discussão, poderá aclarar pontos que são fundamentais nesse tipo de criação. Assim sendo, a contribuição desse artigo é poder colaborar, especialmente para iniciantes nesta modalidade de produção, evidenciando falhas que possam ser evitadas e evidenciar as possibilidades de aprendizagem com os revisores.
Outcomes among children and adults at risk of severe dengue in Sri Lanka: Opportunity for outpatient case management in countries with high disease burden
Authors: Bodinayake Champica K. , Nagahawatte Ajith DeS , Devasiri Vasantha , Dahanayake Niroshana J. , Wijayaratne Gaya B. , Weerasinghe Nayani P. , Premamali Madureka , Sheng Tianchen , Nicholson Bradly P. , Ubeysekera Harshanie A. , Kurukulasooriya Ruvini MP , de Silva Aruna D. , Østbye Truls , Woods Christopher W. , Tillekeratne L Gayani
Published: December 2021

Background

Healthcare systems in dengue-endemic countries are often overburdened due to the high number of patients hospitalized according to dengue management guidelines. We systematically evaluated clinical outcomes in a large cohort of patients hospitalized with acute dengue to support triaging of patients to ambulatory versus inpatient management in the future.

Methods/Principal findings

From June 2017- December 2018, we conducted surveillance among children and adults with fever within the prior 7 days who were hospitalized at the largest tertiary-care (1,800 bed) hospital in the Southern Province, Sri Lanka. Patients who developed platelet count ≤100,000/μL (threshold for hospital admission in Sri Lanka) and who met at least two clinical criteria consistent with dengue were eligible for enrollment. We confirmed acute dengue by testing sera collected at enrollment for dengue NS1 antigen or IgM antibodies. We defined primary outcomes as per the 1997 and 2009 World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria: dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF; WHO 1997), dengue shock syndrome (DSS; WHO 1997), and severe dengue (WHO 2009). Overall, 1064 patients were confirmed as having acute dengue: 318 (17.4%) by NS1 rapid antigen testing and 746 (40.7%) by IgM antibody testing. Of these 1064 patients, 994 (93.4%) were adults ≥18 years and 704 (66.2%) were male. The majority (56, 80%) of children and more than half of adults (544, 54.7%) developed DHF during hospitalization, while 6 (8.6%) children and 22 (2.2%) adults developed DSS. Overall, 10 (14.3%) children and 113 (11.4%) adults developed severe dengue. A total of 2 (0.2%) patients died during hospitalization.

Conclusions

One-half of patients hospitalized with acute dengue progressed to develop DHF and a very small number developed DSS or severe dengue. Developing an algorithm for triaging patients to ambulatory versus inpatient management should be the future goal to optimize utilization of healthcare resources in dengue-endemic countries.
Peri-abortion contraceptive counseling: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gonzales-Huaman Patricia , Fernandez-Chinguel Jose Ernesto , Taype-Rondan Alvaro
Published: December 2021

Objective

To assess the effects of peri-abortion contraceptive counseling interventions.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effect of different types of peri-abortion contraceptive counseling interventions and were published as original papers in scientific journals. The literature search was performed in June 2021 in PubMed, Central Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Scopus, and Google Scholar; without restrictions in language or publication date. Two independent authors identified studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted the data. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool, and evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Whenever possible, meta-analyses were performed. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020187354).

Results

Eleven RCTs were eligible for inclusion (published from 2004 to 2017), from which nine compared enhanced versus standard counseling. Pooled estimates showed that, compared to standard counseling, enhanced counseling was associated with a higher incidence of effective contraceptive use (>3 months) (relative risk [RR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.16), although no significant difference was found in the incidence of long-acting reversible contraceptive use (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.68–2.29), contraceptive uptake (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.98–1.15), and obstetric event occurrence (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.57–1.47). Certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes. In addition, two studies compared contraceptive counseling provided by physicians versus that provided by non-physicians, which did not show significant differences.

Conclusions

Enhanced contraceptive counseling may favor effective contraceptive use but may not affect the rate of obstetric event occurrence. Also, the studies did not find a difference in the effects of counseling interventions given by different providers. Since evidence certainty was very low, future well-designed RCTs are needed to make informed decisions.

Registration

The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020187354).
Diagnostic accuracy of Truenat Tuberculosis and Rifampicin-Resistance assays in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Meaza Abyot , Tesfaye Ephrem , Mohamed Zemedu , Zerihun Betselot , Seid Getachew , Eshetu Kirubel , Amare Miskir , Sinshaw Waganeh , Dagne Biniyam , Mollalign Hilina , Diriba Getu , Getu Melak , Yenew Bazezew , Tadesse Mengistu , Fikadu Dinka , Abebaw Yeshiwork , Moga Shewki , Kebede Abebaw , Tola Habteyes Hailu , Alemu Ayinalem , Getahun Muluwork , Gumi Balako
Published: December 2021

Background

Rapid and sensitive Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis closer to patients is a key global TB control priority. Truenat assays (MTB, MTB Plus, and MTB-RIF Dx) are new TB molecular diagnostic tools for the detection of TB and Rifampicin (RIF)-resistance from sputum samples. The diagnostic accuracy of the assays is needed prior to implementation in clinical use in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of Truenat assays; and aimed to compare the assays to the Xpert MTB/RIF assay.

Methods

A prospective evaluation study was conducted among 200 presumptive TB patients in microscopy centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May 2019 to December 2020. Culture (Solid and Liquid methods) and phenotypic (liquid method) drug susceptibility testing (DST) were used as a reference standard.

Results

Of 200 adult participants, culture confirmed TB cases were 25 (12.5%), and only one isolate was resistant to RIF by phenotypic DST. The sensitivity of Truenat MTB was 88.0% [95% CI 70.1, 95.8], while 91.7 [95% CI 74.2, 97.7] for Truenat MTB Plus at the microscopy centers. The specificity of Truenat MTB was 97.2% [95% CI 93.1, 98.9], while for Truenat MTB Plus was 97.2% [95% CI 93.0, 99.0]. The sensitivity of Truenat MTB was 90.5% while for MTB Plus, 100% compared to the Xpert MTB/RIF assay.

Conclusion

Truenat assays were found to have high diagnostic accuracy. The assays have the potential to be used as a point of care (POC) TB diagnostic tests.
A mathematical model for the dependence of keratin aggregate formation on the quantity of mutant keratin expressed in EGFP-K14 R125P keratinocytes
Authors: Gouveia Marcos , Sorčan Tjaša , Zemljič-Jokhadar Špela , Travasso Rui D. M. , Liović Mirjana
Published: December 2021

We examined keratin aggregate formation and the possible mechanisms involved. With this aim, we observed the effect that different ratios between mutant and wild-type keratins expressed in cultured keratinocytes may have on aggregate formation in vitro, as well as how keratin aggregate formation affects the mechanical properties of cells at the cell cortex. To this end we prepared clones with expression rates as close as possible to 25%, 50% and 100% of the EGFP-K14 proteins (either WT or R125P and V270M mutants). Our results showed that only in the case of the 25% EGFP-K14 R125P mutant significant differences could be seen. Namely, we observed in this case the largest accumulation of keratin aggregates and a significant reduction in cell stiffness. To gain insight into the possible mechanisms behind this observation, we extended our previous mathematical model of keratin dynamics by implementing a more complex reaction network that considers the coexistence of wild-type and mutant keratins in the cell. The new model, consisting of a set of coupled, non-linear, ordinary differential equations, allowed us to draw conclusions regarding the relative amounts of intermediate filaments and aggregates in cells, and suggested that aggregate formation by asymmetric binding between wild-type and mutant keratins could explain the data obtained on cells grown in culture.
Polymorphisms in Cha o 1 and Cha o 2, major allergens of Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) pollen from a restricted region in Japan
Authors: Tateno Minoru , Enami Ayaka , Fujinami Koji , Ohta Hisashi
Published: December 2021

Japanese cedar pollinosis is a major seasonal allergy in Japan, and Japanese cypress pollinosis is a growing concern because the cypress pollen season follows the cedar pollen season and cross-reactivity among allergens occurs between these closely related species. Allergens purified from pollen under unspecified collecting conditions can potentially heterogenous allergens profiles and batch to batch variability, and amino acid sequence variants in allergens possibly exist among trees. Polymorphisms have not been investigated for the cypress pollen major allergens, Cha o 1 and Cha o 2. Our aim was to examine the homogeneity of allergen amino acid sequences. DNA sequences of Cha o 1 and Cha o 2 from pollen collected from Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures and from needles of 47 plus trees located at seed orchards in Chiba Prefecture were examined by amplicon sequencing and amino acid substitutions were deduced. Sequence analysis of the pollen samples revealed that eight and seven residues of Cha o 2 were polymorphic, respectively. Thirteen residues in Cha o 2, including those residues identified in pollen, were deduced to be polymorphic for the plus trees. Cha o 2 expressed by the 47 plus trees included amino acid differences when compared with that of isoallergen Cha o 2.0101. No substitution was deduced in Cha o 1 for pollen taken from the two prefectures. One conservative amino acid substitution was deduced in Cha o 1 for the plus trees. Of the 47 plus trees examined, 38 were deduced to express only the isoallergen Cha o 1.0101 isoform, whereas eight trees were heterozygous and a single tree was homozygous for the non-synonymous mutation, which indicates relative uniformity of Cha o 1. Cha o 2 was found to be a heterogeneous allergen which suggests that studies using pollen from different trees may not give the same results.
Colchicine use in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chiu Leonard , Lo Chun-Han , Shen Max , Chiu Nicholas , Aggarwal Rahul , Lee Jihui , Choi Young-Geun , Lam Henry , Prsic Elizabeth Horn , Chow Ronald , Shin Hyun Joon
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Colchicine may inhibit inflammasome signaling and reduce proinflammatory cytokines, a purported mechanism of COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to report on the state of the current literature on the use of colchicine in COVID-19 and to investigate the reported clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients by colchicine usage.

Methods

The literature was searched from January 2019 through January 28, 2021. References were screened to identify studies that reported the effect of colchicine usage on COVID-19 outcomes including mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, or mechanical ventilation. Studies were meta-analyzed for mortality by the subgroup of trial design (RCT vs observational) and ICU status. Studies reporting an risk ratio (RR), odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) were analyzed separately.

Results

Eight studies, reporting on 16,248 patients, were included in this review. The Recovery trial reported equivalent mortality between colchicine and non-colchicine users. Across the other studies, patients who received colchicine had a lower risk of mortality—HR of 0.25 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.66) and OR of 0.22 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.57). There was no statistical difference in risk of ICU admissions between patients with COVID-19 who received colchicine and those who did not–OR of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.06, 1.09).

Conclusion

Colchicine may reduce the risk of mortality in individuals with COVID-19. Further prospective investigation may further determine the efficacy of colchicine as treatment in COVID-19 patients in various care settings of the disease, including post-hospitalization and long-term care.
On the relation between COVID-19, mobility, and the stock market
Authors: van Ruitenbeek Robin Enrico , Slik Jesper Siem , Bhulai Sandjai
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought forth a major landscape shock in the mobility sector. Due to its recentness, researchers have just started studying and understanding the implications of this crisis on mobility. We contribute by combining mobility data from various sources to bring a novel angle to understanding mobility patterns during Covid-19. The goal is to expose relations between mobility and Covid-19 variables and understand them by using our data. This is crucial information for governments to understand and address the underlying root causes of the impact.
Mathematical modeling of the hematocrit influence on cerebral blood flow in preterm infants
Authors: Sidorenko Irina , Turova Varvara , Rieger-Fackeldey Esther , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Kovtanyuk Andrey , Brodkorb Silke , Lampe Renée
Published: December 2021

Premature birth is one of the most important factors increasing the risk for brain damage in newborns. Development of an intraventricular hemorrhage in the immature brain is often triggered by fluctuations of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Therefore, monitoring of CBF becomes an important task in clinical care of preterm infants. Mathematical modeling of CBF can be a complementary tool in addition to diagnostic tools in clinical practice and research. The purpose of the present study is an enhancement of the previously developed mathematical model for CBF by a detailed description of apparent blood viscosity and vessel resistance, accounting for inhomogeneous hematocrit distribution in multiscale blood vessel architectures. The enhanced model is applied to our medical database retrospectively collected from the 254 preterm infants with a gestational age of 23–30 weeks. It is shown that by including clinically measured hematocrit in the mathematical model, apparent blood viscosity, vessel resistance, and hence the CBF are strongly affected. Thus, a statistically significant decrease in hematocrit values observed in the group of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage resulted in a statistically significant increase in calculated CBF values.
Fish muscle hydrolysate obtained using largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides digestive enzymes improves largemouth bass performance in its larval stages
Authors: Kwasek Karolina , Gonzalez Christian , Wick Macdonald , Molinari Giovanni S. , Wojno Michal
Published: December 2021

The present study utilized digestives tracts from adult largemouth bass (LMB) to hydrolyze Bighead carp muscle and obtain an optimal profile of muscle protein hydrolysates that would be easily assimilated within the primitive digestive tract of larval LMB. Specifically, muscle protein source was digested for the larva using the fully developed digestive system of the same species. The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop an optimal in vitro methodology for carp muscle hydrolysis using LMB endogenous digestive enzymes, and 2) to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of the carp muscle protein hydrolysate on LMB growth, survival, occurrence of skeletal deformities, and whole-body free amino acid composition. The study found that the in vitro hydrolysis method using carp intact muscle and LMB digestive tracts incubated at both acid and alkaline pH (to mimic digestive process of LMB) yielded a wide range of low molecular weight fractions (peptides), as opposed to the non-hydrolyzed muscle protein or muscle treated only with acid pH or alkaline pH without enzymes from LMB digestive tracts, which were comprised of large molecular weight fractions (polypeptides above 150 kDa). Overall, the dietary inclusion of the carp muscle hydrolysate improved growth performance of larval LMB in terms of final average weight, weight gain, DGC, SGR, and body length after 21 days of feeding compared to fish that received the diet based on non-hydrolyzed carp muscle. The study also found that hydrolysate-based feed significantly reduced skeletal deformities. The positive growth performance presented by fish in the hydrolysate-fed group possibly resulted from matching the specific requirements of the larvae with respect to their digestive organ development, levels of digestive enzymes present in the gut, and nutritional requirements.