bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ‘Great Deal of Discrimination is Necessary in Administering the Law’: Frontier Guards and Migration Control in Early Twentieth-Century South Africa
Authors: Bright Rachel K.
Published: March 2018

This article provides a corrective to recent scholarship surrounding modern migration control, which has emphasised the shared origins of the legal systems created to control migration in the us, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The article demonstrates that the implementation of migration controls in British colonies was arbitrary. It uses the personal papers of Clarence Wilfred Cousins, the Chief Immigration Officer in the Cape, then South Africa (1905–1922), to demonstrate the role of frontier guards in shaping migration experiences. The article highlights the uses and limitations of using ‘ritual’ to understand migration control and how border spaces are experienced.
Challenging Authorities through ‘Undesired’ Marriages: Administrational Logics of Handling Cross-Border Couples in Germany, 1880–1930
Authors: Lorke Christoph
Published: March 2018

At the turn of the twentieth century, German authorities were increasingly confronted with the desire of couples of different nationalities to marry. This article analyses the administrative and political handling of the authorities, and thus explores the survey, production, circulation and adaption of administrative knowledge regarding these specific love constellations. The prevalent forms of regulating society and individuals’ sexuality from the late nineteenth century until the end of the Weimar Republic are discussed.
The ‘Orientals’ Strike Back: Displacement, Diasporic Resistance, and Spatial Justice in the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire
Authors: Le Anh Sy Huy
Published: March 2018

This article examines the forced migration of the Chinese community from San Francisco’s Chinatown after the 1906 Earthquake and Fire. Situating this spatial struggle in the context of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century urban reforms, it reveals the discursive limits of progressivism and the rhetoric of spatial modernity that was prevalent in America. Drawing attention to the earthquake as a destructive yet revelatory moment of trans-Pacific ties, the article analyses the multi-stranded racial, spatial and material negotiations that allowed the Chinese community to manoeuvre within the structure of domination and effectively resist hegemonic discourse. It demonstrates how, in the quest for spatial justice, coalitions of Chinese elites and politicians relied on existing Sino-American trade networks as leverage for inclusion, sought financial aid from the far-flung Qing government, deployed legal assistance from conglomerations of Chinese-American lobbyists and Western-trained Chinese lawyers, and mobilised capital from wealthy Hong Kong merchants to reconstruct Chinatown from scratch.
Employer Agency and Migration Networks in Post-War Sweden: The Case of Manufacturing Companies and Migrant Workers in Västmanland County
Authors: Jansson Olle
Published: March 2018

This article investigates the influence and agency of employers for international labour migration through a case study on networks and migration to a county in Sweden in the decades after the end of the Second World War. Earlier research has focused on the supply-side of networks, such as contacts between migrants and prospective migrants and their place of origin, and how such relations led to cumulative effects, with increased migration over time. This article shows how employers in Västmanland County were, sometimes with the help of government agencies, able to solve their labour requirements through the active creation of migration networks. The article contributes to a deeper understanding of the functions of networks for international migration through developments on the demand-side of labour markets.
Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)
Authors: BURKS ROGER A. , HERATY JOHN M. , DOMINGUEZ CHRYSALYN , MOTTERN JASON L.
Published: March 2018

Twenty-nine species are recognized in the Orasema stramineipes species group, including 22 new species in what is now the most diverse species group of the New World ant-parasitoid genus Orasema Cameron. Orasema aenea Gahan syn. n. is synonymized with O. freychei (Gemignani), the holotype of which has been rediscovered. Orasema smithi Howard syn. n. is synonymized with Orasema minutissima Howard. Orasema violacea Gemignani syn. n. and its replacement name Orasema gemignanii De Santis syn. n. are synonymized with O. worcesteri (Girault). Twenty-two species are described as new: O. arimbome Dominguez, Heraty & Burks n. sp., O. carchi Heraty, Burks & Dominguez n. sp., and the following 20 species by Burks, Heraty & Dominguez: O. chunpi n. sp., O. cozamalotl n. sp., O. evansi n. sp., O. hyarimai n. sp., O. kaspi n. sp., O. kulli n. sp., O. llanthu n. sp., O. llika n. sp., O. mati n. sp., O. nyamo n. sp., O. pirca n. sp., O. pisi n. sp., O. qillu n. sp., O. qincha n. sp., O. rikra n. sp., O. taku n. sp., O. tapi n. sp., O. torrensi n. sp., O. woolleyi n. sp., and O. yaax n. sp. The stramineipes-group has much greater diversity in tropical America than outside the tropics, and is much more diverse than its sister-group, the susanae-group, which is mainly present in temperate regions of Argentina. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships is proposed based on an analysis of 28S-D2 rDNA and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) for 14 stramineipes-group species. Species concepts were established using both morphological and molecular data. Most species in the stramineipes-group have a tropical distribution, with only a few species in temperate regions. Ant hosts for the group include Pheidole Westwood, Wasmannia Forel, and possibly Solenopsis Westwood (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Orasema minutissima is a common parasitoid of Wasmannia auropunctata Roger in the Caribbean and has the potential to be a biological control agent in other areas of the world. Two distinct size morphs are recognized for O. minutissima, which are correlated with attacking either Wasmannia (small morph) or different castes of Pheidole (medium to large size morphs). Some species of Orasema have been regarded as pests due to scarring or secondary infections of leaves or fruit of banana, yerba mate or blueberry, but outbreaks are rare and the threat is usually temporary.
Skillful Climate Forecasts of the Tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean Using Model-Analogs
Authors: Ding Hui , Newman Matthew , Alexander Michael A. , Wittenberg Andrew T.
Published: March 2018

Seasonal forecasts made by coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (CGCMs) undergo strong climate drift and initialization shock, driving the model state away from its long-term attractor. Here we explore initializing directly on a model’s own attractor, using an analog approach in which model states close to the observed initial state are drawn from a “library” obtained from prior uninitialized CGCM simulations. The subsequent evolution of those “model-analogs” yields a forecast ensemble, without additional model integration. This technique is applied to four of the eight CGCMs comprising the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) by selecting from prior long control runs those model states whose monthly tropical Indo-Pacific SST and SSH anomalies best resemble the observations at initialization time. Hindcasts are then made for leads of 1–12 months during 1982–2015. Deterministic and probabilistic skill measures of these model-analog hindcast ensembles are comparable to those of the initialized NMME hindcast ensembles, for both the individual models and the multimodel ensemble. In the eastern equatorial Pacific, model-analog hindcast skill exceeds that of the NMME. Despite initializing with a relatively large ensemble spread, model-analogs also reproduce each CGCM’s perfect-model skill, consistent with a coarse-grained view of tropical Indo-Pacific predictability. This study suggests that with little additional effort, sufficiently realistic and long CGCM simulations provide the basis for skillful seasonal forecasts of tropical Indo-Pacific SST anomalies, even without sophisticated data assimilation or additional ensemble forecast integrations. The model-analog method could provide a baseline for forecast skill when developing future models and forecast systems.
Position Taking or Position Ducking? A Theory of Public Debate in Single-Party Legislatures
Authors: Schuler Paul
Published: March 2018

Are representatives in authoritarian legislatures encouraged to take positions on salient issues? More generally, why do some autocracies allow public debate on hot topics at all? Understanding the dynamics of public legislative debate is important for the roles authoritarian legislatures are theorized to play in regime legitimation and information provision. I argue that the decision to allow public debate depends on autocratic incentives to mobilize public sentiment against the bureaucracy. While allowing debate on salient issues risks galvanizing antiregime sentiment, doing so may also mobilize public opinion against wayward government officials to improve performance and deflect blame. Therefore, I predict that autocrats will only allow public debate on issues they have delegated to the government. I test this using an automated content analysis of debate in the Vietnam National Assembly, with results showing evidence of position taking on salient issues, but only on issues the party delegates to the state.
The democratic rejection of democracy: Performative failure and the limits of critical performativity in an organizational change project
Authors: King Daniel , Land Christopher
Published: March 2018

‘How do we introduce democracy democratically to people who are not sure they want it?’ This question was posed to us at the outset of what became a three-year experiment in seeking to implement more democratic organizational practices within a small education charity, World Education (WE). WE were an organization with a history of anarchist organizing and recent negative experiences of hierarchical managerialism, who wanted to return to a more democratic organizational form. This was an ideal opportunity, we thought, for the type of critical performative intervention called for within Critical Management Studies. Using Participant Action Research, which itself has a democratic ethos, we aimed to democratically bring about workplace democracy, using a range of interventions from interviewing, whole organization visioning workshops through to participating in working groups to bring about democratic change. Yet we failed. WE members democratically rejected democracy.

We reflect on this failure using Jacques Derrida’s idea of a constitutive aporia at the heart of democracy, and suggests the need to more carefully unpack the difficult relationship between power and equality when seeking to facilitate more democratic organizational practices. The article presents an original perspective on the potential for, and limits of, critical performativity inspired interventions in organizations.
How can employment relations in global value networks be managed towards social responsibility?
Authors: Helfen Markus , Schüßler Elke , Sydow Jörg
Published: March 2018

Ensuring social responsibility is a continued challenge in value creation processes that are globally dispersed among multiple organizations. We use the literature on interorganizational network management to shed new light on the question of how employment relations can be managed more responsibly in global value networks (GVNs). In contrast to the structure-oriented global value chain perspective, a network management perspective highlights the practices by which employment relations can be addressed in the context of plural forms of network governance. Using examples of GVNs in the automotive and garment industries, we illustrate how the network management practices of selecting, allocating, regulating and evaluating can enable lead firms and suppliers to effectively deal with social responsibility challenges on the level of whole networks. We also discuss how network management practices can handle field-level and firm-level constraints for the management of multi-employer relations in GVNs.
Contested compliance regimes in global production networks: Insights from the Bangladesh garment industry
Authors: Alamgir Fahreen , Banerjee Subhabrata Bobby
Published: March 2018

This article reports the findings of a field study on the emergence of collective agreements led by global brands enacting compliance measures to improve safety and working conditions in the Bangladesh garment industry. We explore how key actors in the Bangladesh garment sector who constitute the local production system of the global supply chain experienced the implementation of global agreements on factory safety. We argue that global safety compliance measures through multi-stakeholder initiatives provide legitimacy to multinational corporations and their global brands but do little to address the structural problems arising from exploitative pricing and procurement practices, which are the key reasons for deplorable working conditions in garment factories. Our findings indicate that neoliberal development policies of the state, where local economies are incorporated into global production networks, resulted in differential treatment and regulation of specific populations that comprise garment factory workers. The reconfiguration of state power to meet the demands of global supply chains also involved use of state violence to suppress dissent while undermining labour rights and working conditions. Our article contributes to the politicization of multinational corporations in global production chains by showing how contestations between workers, factory owners, the state, trade unions and multinational corporations create new private forms of governance and new regimes of compliance in the industry.
Damping properties of non-conductive composite materials for applications in power transmission pylons
Authors: Kliem Mathias , Rüppel Marvin , Høgsberg Jan , Berggreen Christian , Baier Sina
Published: March 2018

This study aims to characterize the fibre direction dependent damping properties of non-conductive composite materials to be used in newly designed electrical power transmission pylons, on which the conducting cables will be directly connected. Thus, the composite structure can be designed both to insulate and to act as a damper to avoid for example conductor line galloping. In order to predict the damping of the composite materials, a comprehensive analysis on a representative unidirectional laminate was carried out. The fibre direction dependent damping analysis of glass and aramid reinforced epoxy and vinylester, partly reinforced with nanoclay or fibre-hybridized, was investigated using a Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis and a Vibrating Beam Testing procedure for five different fibre orientations (0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°). The focus was on damping behaviour evaluation at low temperatures (−20°C and 0°C) and low vibration frequencies (0.5 Hz, 1 Hz and 2 Hz), in order to represent the environmental conditions of vibrating conductor lines during. The prediction of the damping behaviour for coupon-level-specimens with three balanced laminates was successfully carried out with a maximal deviation of maximal 12.1%.
“I Have Two Names, Xian and Alex”: Psychological Correlates of Adopting Anglo Names
Authors: Zhao Xian , Biernat Monica
Published: March 2018

The practice of adopting Anglo names among ethnic minorities and foreign individuals may be intended to smooth interactions with majority group members, but it may also have negative implications for minorities themselves. Two studies investigated the associations among adoption of Anglo names, self-esteem, and other psychological outcomes. Chinese college students studying in the United States completed a battery of questions regarding adoption of Anglo names, self-esteem, mental and physical health, and well-being. In Study 1, path analyses indicated that adoption of Anglo names was negatively associated with self-esteem, and self-esteem mediated the relationships between adopting Anglo names and other psychological outcomes. In Study 2, path analyses replicated the results of Study 1. However, contrary to predictions, perceived discrimination did not predict adoption of Anglo names in the path model. These findings point to negative consequences associated with adopting Anglo names. These results contribute to the literature on the importance of names and shed light on interventions to improve intergroup relations and curriculum development in language teaching.
Impact of Cyrillic on Native English Speakers’ Phono-lexical Acquisition of Russian
Authors: Showalter Catherine E.
Published: March 2018

We investigated the influence of grapheme familiarity and native language grapheme–phoneme correspondences during second language lexical learning. Native English speakers learned Russian-like words via auditory presentations containing only familiar first language phones, pictured meanings, and exposure to either Cyrillic orthographic forms (Orthography condition) or the sequence  (No Orthography condition). Orthography participants saw three types of written forms: familiar-congruent (e.g., -[kom]), familiar-incongruent (e.g., -[rɑt]), and unfamiliar (e.g., <ФИЛ>-[fil]). At test, participants determined whether pictures and words matched according to what they saw during word learning. All participants performed near ceiling in all stimulus conditions, except for Orthography participants on words containing incongruent grapheme–phoneme correspondences. These results suggest that first language grapheme–phoneme correspondences can cause interference during second language phono-lexical acquisition. In addition, these results suggest that orthographic input effects are robust enough to interfere even when the input does not contain novel phones.
Dancing Effects on Preschoolers’ Sensorimotor Synchronization, Balance, and Movement Reaction Time
Authors: Chatzihidiroglou Panagiota , Chatzopoulos Dimitris , Lykesas Georgios , Doganis Georgios
Published: March 2018

In the present study, we compared an experimental group of preschool children ( n = 22; mean age = 5 years, 8 months) who followed an 8-week dance program with a control group ( n = 20; mean age = 5 years, 5 months) on pre–post measures of sensorimotor synchronization (K-Rhythm Test), balancing on one leg and movement reaction time. Compared with the control participants, the dance group demonstrated significantly better pretest to posttest improvements on sensorimotor synchronization and balance (but not movement reaction time). Considering the importance of sensorimotor synchronization and balance for subsequent child development and performance of daily and sport activities, these results suggest that dancing should be included in early childhood curricula.
The Editor’s Note
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: March 2018

Although policy initiatives have focused primarily on teachers and prinicipals, they are far from the only adults in school whose work affects students’ lives. The April issue of Kappan addresses the role of such professionals as school nurses, librarians, counselors, social workers, and bus drivers.
Why school librarians matter: What years of research tell us
Authors: Lance Keith Curry , Kachel Debra E.
Published: March 2018

Since 1992, a growing body of research known as the school library impact studies has consistently shown positive correlations between school librarians and library programs and student achievement. The authors review the findings from these studies and discuss how school leaders can ensure they are making the best use of their librarians’ expertise.
Making the most of instructional coaches
Authors: Kane Britnie Delinger , Rosenquist Brooks
Published: March 2018

Although coaching holds great promise for professional development, instructional coaches are often asked to take on responsibilities that are not focused on improving instruction. The authors discuss a quantitative study of four school districts and a qualitative analysis of a single district that, together, reveal how hiring practices and school assignments play a role in coaches’ use of time.
Leadership
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: March 2018

Recently, many education funders, nonprofits, and associations have rallied around the concept of personalized learning. However, argues PDK’s Joshua Starr, it’s a mistake to describe personalized learning as a whole new educational model. If the goal is to make schools more responsive to students’ needs, let’s focus on the specific and concrete steps that teachers and administrators can take to get to know their students well, assess them carefully, provide them with varied materials, and arrange staff assignments flexibly.
Washington View
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: March 2018

Maria Ferguson looks at how public schools in Puerto Rico are faring since Hurricane Maria and considers what their future may look like as families have fled to the mainland. One option is to follow the lead of New Orleans after Katrina and launch charter schools and a voucher program, which would bring about a new era in public education for the island, but not necessarily a better one.
Under the Law
Authors: Underwood Julie
Published: March 2018

Many states are changing teacher contracts to eliminate opportunities for tenure. Julie Underwood explores the constitutional implications of these changes, noting that a federal circuit court of appeals and the North Carolina Supreme Court both found that states cannot retroactively revoke tenure that had previously been granted.
Backtalk
Authors: Leonard Susan
Published: March 2018

Administrators, teachers, parents, and students need to know more about the health risks associated with Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (such as e-cigarettes and vapes), and regulation is needed to inform and protect all consumers.
Issue Salience and Candidate Position Taking in Parliamentary Parties
Authors: Tromborg Mathias
Published: March 2018

Research on parliamentary representation has traditionally assumed that political parties take clear and differentiated policy positions, but recent studies suggest that parties sometimes have an electoral incentive to present voters with a distribution of positions to select from at the ballot box. This article explores whether parliamentary parties pursue such a strategy through candidate position taking using unique elite and mass survey data from Denmark. The results illustrate that parties are highly unified on issues that are salient to their electoral brand, but that they develop a distribution of positions that is related to voter preferences at the district level on less salient issues. These findings have important implications for the way that representation works in parliamentary democracies.
Biological, Psychological, and Social Predictors of Longevity Among Utah Centenarians
Authors: Yorgason Jeremy B. , Draper Thomas W. , Bronson Haley , Nielson Makayla , Babcock Kate , Jones Karolina , Hill Melanie S. , Howard Myranda
Published: March 2018

Studies of longevity among centenarians examine biological, psychological, and social factors, yet few consider these components concurrently. This study explores such factors individually and collectively, as they are related to days lived past the age of 100 years. Data from 268 family members of centenarians identified in the State of Utah between 2008 and 2015 were used in negative binomial models predicting number of days lived among the centenarians. Findings suggested that sleep latency (biological), life satisfaction (psychological), and attachment closeness (social) were predictive factors of more days lived within individual models. When considered together, sleep latency and life satisfaction remained significant predictors of days lived. Although biological factors are commonly considered in relation to longevity, this study further indicates that psychological and social factors may play important roles in life expectancy. Further examination is needed to explore how these factors link additionally to active life expectancy.
The Financing of TV Brasil: Limitation of Resources or Political Choice?
Authors: dos Santos Sales Augusto , da Silva Lopes Ivonete
Published: March 2018

The federal funds allocated to Brazilian public television are insufficient for its adequate maintenance and could be increased. Instead of advertising on public television, which was the flagship of the Brazilian public communication system, the Lula and Rousseff administrations turned to private broadcasting systems in the hope of co-opting them. In addition to robbing public television of critical funding, this proved a political mistake when TV Globo became one of their harshest critics.

Os recursos federais direcionados ao sistema público de TV brasileiro são insuficientes para sua manutenção adequada e poderiam, portanto, ser ampliados. Ao invés de fazer propaganda na televisão pública, que a propósito fora a bandeira do sistema público de comunicação, as administrações Lula e Rousseff voltaram-se para o setor privado de comunicação, na esperança de nela fazer aliados. Além de reduzirem os recursos críticos para a TV pública, essa estratégia provou-se um erro político quando a TV Globo tornou-se um de seus críticos mais crueis.
Recent developments of control strategies for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Li Kang , Xu Jinliang
Published: March 2018

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is one of the most rapidly growing approaches to utilizing low grade thermal energy. This paper deals with the main control problems existed in ORC systems and overviews the main approaches presented in literature. The main ORC operating modes are introduced, the control strategies of ORC systems are then surveyed. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive review of overall control strategies for ORC energy conversion systems and points out research trend on ORC control systems.
Adaptive terminal sliding-mode controller based on characteristic model for gear transmission servo systems
Authors: Wang Xiang , Wu Yifei , Zhang Enze , Guo Jian , Chen Qingwei
Published: March 2018

Backlash and inertia variations, which exist in gear transmission servo systems, often bring inaccuracies, oscillations or even instability. This paper presents an adaptive second-order discrete terminal sliding-mode controller (2-ADTSMC) to deal with the problem. The main contributions of this paper are as follows. First, the characteristic model of gear transmission servo system, which reduces the complexity of traditional mathematics model, is established to describe the load inertia variations. Second, the second-order discrete terminal sliding-mode control is firstly designed based on the characteristic model to restrain the backlash effect. Third, theoretical analysis proves that the quasi-sliding mode is reached in finite steps and the tracking error converges into a bounded set in finite steps. The improvement of tracking performance is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Sensor fault and state estimation for uncertain fuzzy descriptor systems: An LMI approach
Authors: Haj Brahim Imen , Mehdi Driss , Chaabane Mohamed
Published: March 2018

This paper deals with the problem of robust sensor fault diagnosis of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy uncertain descriptor systems affected by bounded external disturbance with unmeasurable premise variables. This problem is solved using a descriptor approach to easily convert the stability conditions into linear matrix inequalities). By augmenting the sensor fault into a state vector, a fuzzy descriptor observer is constructed to simultaneously estimate the state and sensor faults and attenuate the effect of both modelling uncertainties and external disturbance on the estimation error. The faults affecting the system behaviour are considered as an auxiliary state variable. Based on the Lyapunov theory and [Formula: see text] technique, two different approaches are proposed to study the convergence of the state estimation error and the stability conditions are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an application to a model of rolling disk is given to show the applicability of the proposed approaches.
A robust control approach for MEMS capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer
Authors: Qin Yi , Sun Weijie , Yeow John TW
Published: March 2018

An optimal composite nonlinear feedback control method with integral sliding mode is presented in this paper. The controller extends the travel range of the micro-electromechanical system capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT). Moreover, enhanced transient response and precise tracking performance is achieved. It is known that CMUT is inherently unstable which results in pull-in phenomenon and it is very sensitive to small perturbations, so one of the major problems is to stabilize the CMUT beyond the pull-in limit with the external disturbances. In addition, the input saturation problem is significant to CMUT. Based on that, a robust control scheme is derived using composite nonlinear feedback control law combined with integral sliding mode control law. Then all the tuning parameters for the proposed control method are converted into a minimization problem and solved by particle swarm optimization algorithm automatically. We verified the effectiveness through extending the travel range of the CMUT gap by three control methods which are proportional integral derivative, composite nonlinear feedback and the method we proposed. The stability and small range tracking performance with three control methods is compared on the pull-in position of CMUT. The simulations show that the proposed control method has desired tracking performance and robustness to external disturbance with input saturation.
The Bipolarity of Attitudes: Unfolding the Implications of Ambivalence
Authors: McGrane Joshua A.
Published: March 2018

Recently, some attitude researchers have argued that the traditional bipolar model of attitudes should be replaced, claiming that a bivariate model is superior in several ways, foremost of which is its ability to account for ambivalent attitudes. This study argues that ambivalence is not at odds with bipolarity per se, but rather the conventional view of bipolarity, and that the psychometric evidence supporting a bivariate interpretation has been flawed. To demonstrate this, a scale developed out of the bivariate approach was examined using a unidimensional unfolding item response theory model: general hyperbolic cosine model for polytomous responses. The results were consistent with a bipolar interpretation, providing support for the argument that ambivalent evaluations are the correct middle-point of a bipolar evaluative dimension. Thus, it is argued that attitudinal ambivalence does not necessitate moving beyond bipolarity, but rather, moving beyond the conventional conceptualization and assessment of attitudes.
Investigation of Missing Responses in Q-Matrix Validation
Authors: Dai Shenghai , Svetina Dubravka , Chen Cong
Published: March 2018

Missing data can be a serious issue for practitioners and researchers who are tasked with Q-matrix validation analysis in implementation of cognitive diagnostic models. The article investigates the impact of missing responses, and four common approaches (treat as incorrect, logistic regression, listwise deletion, and expectation–maximization [EM] imputation) for dealing with them, on the performance of two major Q-matrix validation methods (the EM-based δ-method and the nonparametric Q-matrix refinement method) across multiple factors. Results of the simulation study show that both validation methods perform better when missing responses are imputed using EM imputation or logistic regression instead of being treated as incorrect and using listwise deletion. The nonparametric Q-matrix validation method outperforms the EM-based δ-method in most conditions. Higher missing rates yield poorer performance of both methods. Number of attributes and items have an impact on performance of both methods as well. Results of a real data example are also discussed in the study.
Challenges, Opportunities, and Methods for Large-Scale Evaluations
Authors: Derzon James H.
Published: March 2018

The logic, theory, and practice of large-scale evaluation were once limited to large federal initiatives. However, with the advent of regularly collected performance measures and the often multisite implementation of quality improvement efforts, there is an opportunity to adopt large-scale evaluation methods in local and regional evaluation efforts. While ineffective programs show little variation in their ineffectiveness, effective programs generally show a range of effects. A central task of large-scale evaluation is to describe and ascribe why the same program, implemented in multiple settings, produces different effects. By its attention to variation attributable to setting, activities, outputs, and by participants and documenting the conditions in which programs achieve greater and lesser success, large-scale evaluation supports the needs of decision-makers when choosing to implement an evidence-based program. In addition to knowing a program is effective, decision-makers want to know whether it is appropriate for their situation and what facilitates or impedes effective implementation and bears on the program’s ultimate effectiveness. This article presents the different methods and approaches appropriate for effectively and efficiently constructing and executing a large-scale evaluation that will provide decision-makers the evidence they need for evidence-informed adoption of effective programs.
Pain, Fear of Falling, and Functional Performance Among Nursing Home Residents: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kalinowski Sonja , Dräger Dagmar , Kuhnert Ronny , Kreutz Reinhold , Budnick Andrea
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of being pain-affected and fear of falling on functional performance among nursing home residents, longitudinally. We used 6-month follow-up data from a cluster-randomized trial of 12 nursing homes (cluster level) with 239 nursing home residents at baseline (mean age, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 83.04 [81.40, 84.69], 70% women). The longitudinal analysis provided data on pain, fear of falling, functional mobility, and activities of daily living (individual level). The data revealed a trend indicating that pain-relieved nursing home residents showed better functional mobility over time. The results on fear of falling demonstrate obvious differences in the functional performance of nursing home residents cross-sectionally but not longitudinally. Nevertheless, the results underline the importance of an effective pain treatment to prevent decline in functional mobility among nursing home residents. Further longitudinal surveys are needed to verify the findings on functional performance.
Self-Regulated Strategy Development: Connecting Persuasive Writing to Self-Advocacy for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Cuenca-Carlino Yojanna , Mustian April L.
Published: March 2018

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders often experience difficulties in expressive writing and social outcomes in school and beyond. Therefore, writing instruction and self-determination skills are critical for this population. This research study, in which special education teachers were trained to be implementers, successfully intertwined persuasive writing with self-determination instruction to improve students' writing and self-determination skills. Emphasis was given to teaching students how persuasive writing can be used to self-advocate for needs and wants. The Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model of writing instruction was examined with a multiple-probe-across-participants design to evaluate the instructional effects. Instruction was provided 4 days per week, 40 min per session, for 14 to 23 days. Visual analyses indicated level changes and a functional relation between the SRSD/self-determination instruction and students' writing skills. Students' essays increased for number of words written, transition words, number of essay parts, and overall quality. Furthermore, students' self-determination perceptions and knowledge as well as writing self-efficacy significantly increased as a result of instruction. Teachers implemented the intervention with high degrees of fidelity. Teacher and student interviews revealed an overall satisfaction with SRSD procedures and results.
How We Might Make Special Education for Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Less Stigmatizing
Authors: Kauffman James M. , Badar Jeanmarie
Published: March 2018

The authors note that identification as having emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD) is generally acknowledged to be stigmatizing. The stigma associated with identification as needing special education for EBD (or any other disability) could be reduced by talking in readily understood language about differences, accepting the reality of differences and what they mean for students' education, emphasizing the benefits of special education and the special skills needed to provide it, and working to make special education for students with EBD the special instruction and behavior management it should be. Research questions are proposed for each of the four suggestions.
A resource-based view and dynamic capabilities approach in the context of a region’s international attractiveness: The recent case of Western Australia
Authors: Alonso Abel D , Kok Seng
Published: March 2018

This exploratory study proposes a framework based on the resource view theory and the dynamic capabilities approach to further the understanding of a region’s attractiveness, particularly from an international perspective. The case of Western Australia is examined through in-depth, face-to-face interviews with nine country consuls experienced in international trade. The findings revealed significant ways in which Western Australia could enhance its future commercial appeal. The findings revealed the value of synergies between this state and other countries, particularly exchanging expertise, transferring knowledge, or exporting know-how, education, both university and industry-focused, research and development and expertise. These forms of regional attractiveness emphasise the strategic role of industry resources and dynamic capabilities, thus, underscoring the usefulness and applicability of the proposed framework. While the state’s mineral exports will continue to drive its economy, harnessing its potential in other areas is crucial to adapt to changing business environments and to build sustained competitive advantage.
A unified framework for data association aware robust belief space planning and perception
Authors: Pathak Shashank , Thomas Antony , Indelman Vadim
Published: March 2018

We develop a belief space planning approach that advances the state of the art by incorporating reasoning about data association within planning, while considering additional sources of uncertainty. Existing belief space planning approaches typically assume that data association is given and perfect, an assumption that can be harder to justify during operation in the presence of localization uncertainty, or in ambiguous and perceptually aliased environments. By contrast, our data association aware belief space planning (DA-BSP) approach explicitly reasons about data association within belief evolution owing to candidate actions, and as such can better accommodate these challenging real-world scenarios. In particular, we show that, owing to perceptual aliasing, a posterior belief can become a mixture of probability distribution functions and design cost functions, which measure the expected level of ambiguity and posterior uncertainty given candidate action. Furthermore, we also investigate more challenging situations, such as when prior belief is multimodal and when data association aware planning is performed over several look-ahead steps. Our framework models the belief as a Gaussian mixture model. Another unique aspect of this approach is that the number of components of this Gaussian mixture model can increase as well as decrease, thereby reflecting reality more accurately. Using these and standard costs (e.g. control penalty, distance to goal) within the objective function yields a general framework that reliably represents action impact and, in particular, is capable of active disambiguation. Our approach is thus applicable to both robust perception in a passive setting with data given a priori and in an active setting, such as in autonomous navigation in perceptually aliased environments. We demonstrate key aspects of DA-BSP in a theoretical example, in a Gazebo-based realistic simulation, and also on the real robotic platform using a Pioneer robot in an office environment.
Accelerating time
Authors: McHugh Patrick Joseph , Perrault Elise
Published: March 2018

Using a legitimacy lens, we theorize that changes in the firm’s board of directors parallel the evolving stakeholder audience that accords legitimacy to the firm—a key resource to the firm’s survival. Powerful new stakeholders post- initial public offering (IPO) such as the listing exchange and the securities regulators are anticipated to impact board gender diversity through their regulatory pressure, while pre-IPO investors such as venture capitalists are reducing their equity positions and thus providing opportunities for director turnover. At the same time, the firm is increasing in size and visibility, building additional sociocultural legitimacy pressures for increased gender diversity. While prior research centers on the effect of different types and intensity of legitimacy pressures on board characteristics, we explore how changes in the question of firms’ legitimacy “to whom” affects board composition, that is, we examine the comparative effect of regulation and society on board composition. We test our hypotheses by analyzing panel data for all North American technology firms doing IPOs on the NASDAQ exchange during a 12-year time frame between 1997 and 2011. Our analysis shows that regulation, although not explicitly directive, can play a key role in accelerating board gender diversity. Implications for future research on corporate governance and managerial and policy takeaways complete this article.
Greater Static Anterior Tibial Subluxation of the Lateral Compartment After an Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Is Associated With an Increased Posterior Tibial Slope
Authors: Song Guan-yang , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jin , Liu Xin , Xue Zhe , Qian Yi , Feng Hua
Published: March 2018

Background:

Static anterior tibial subluxation of the lateral compartment after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury highlights an increased anterior position of the tibia relative to the femur. However, the precise cause of this phenomenon is not entirely clear. Recently, an increased posterior tibial slope (PTS) has been identified as an independent risk factor for noncontact ACL injuries.

Hypothesis:

An increased PTS is associated with an increased anterior position of the lateral compartment of the tibia relative to the femur after acute ACL injuries.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

From March 2016 to March 2017, a total of 154 patients with clinically diagnosed noncontact ACL injuries who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were retrospectively analyzed. Static anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment relative to the lateral femoral condyle was measured on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Among them, 23 patients (study group) who demonstrated ≥6-mm anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment were matched in a 1:1 fashion to 23 control participants (control group), who showed <6-mm anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment. The PTS was measured on routinely available preoperative weightbearing lateral knee radiographs. Predictors of increased (≥6 mm) static anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment, including body mass index (BMI), PTS, injuries to the anterolateral ligament (ALL), and concomitant lateral meniscal lesions, were assessed by multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis.

Results:

The mean PTS in the study group was 15.4°, which was significantly larger than that in the control group (8.8°) ( P < .001). In addition, an abnormal degree of PTS (≥10.0°) was determined to be an independent risk factor (odds ratio, 8.0 [95% CI, 2.7-29.2]; P < .001) associated with ≥6-mm anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment after acute ACL injuries. However, BMI, presence of concomitant lateral meniscal lesions, and presence of ALL ruptures were not.

Conclusion:

An increased PTS was identified to be an independent anatomic risk factor of increased (≥6 mm) anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment in acute noncontact ACL injuries. For patients with obviously increased anterior tibial subluxation of the lateral compartment after ACL injuries, the PTS should be measured.
Modes of indigenous modernity
Authors: Hogan Trevor , Singh Priti
Published: March 2018

This special issue is the outcome of a collaborative venture – a three-day workshop between La Trobe University and Ateneo de Manila University, held in Manila. It brought together indigenous and non-indigenous researchers from both the Philippines and Australia and included aboriginal researchers in business studies, history, literature and anthropology, and non-indigenous researchers working on themes of indigenous history, material culture, film studies, literature, the visual arts, law and linguistics. The ‘indigenous’ peoples of the Philippines are very different to Australian Aborigines or Torres Strait Islanders. Nevertheless, they have common quests for political autonomy, protection of indigenous customary laws, traditions and knowledge, biodiversity, and development of independent self-governance structures for health, education and community development. These concerns involve analogous and overlapping political struggles with nation-states and in the forums of the UN, regional associations, global consortia, and the international courts. The papers in this issue are based on a roundtable in which the participants showcased their own research projects and interests on indigenous pathways, cultural pluralism and national identities; socio-economic development; and representation of indigenous identities in creative and visual arts.
What Affects the Demand for Long-Term Care Insurance? A Study of Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Hong Kong
Authors: He Alex Jingwei , Chou Kee-lee
Published: March 2018

Despite the potential of private insurance in financing long-term care (LTC), its coverage remains rather limited. This study is built on a comprehensive framework to examine the demand for LTC insurance in Hong Kong, a rapidly aging Asian society. A telephone survey was conducted in 2016 to collect data that formed a sample of 1,474 middle-aged and older adults. Multivariate analysis reveals more nuanced characteristics of Hong Kong middle-aged and older adults who tend to show a demand for LTC insurance, including: (a) being younger, better educated, relatively high status, and financially literate; (b) living with children but reluctant to be a burden on the family; (c) being in a better financial situation and able to afford premiums; and (d) anticipation of LTC needs and dependence, and a preference for formal care. This study offers preliminary evidence to understand the demand structure of the LTC insurance market in an Asian society.