bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual Hashing Index Cancellable Finger Vein Template Based on Gaussian Random Mapping
Authors: Hu Xueyou , Zhang Liping , Wang Huabin , Zhou Jian , Tao Liang
Published: January 2022

In the existing cancellable finger vein template protection schemes, the original biometric features cannot be well protected, which results in poor security. In addition, the performance of matching recognition performances after generating a cancellable template is poor. Therefore, a dual hashing index cancellable finger vein template protection based on Gaussian random mapping is proposed in this study. The scheme is divided into an enrollment stage and a verification stage. In the two stages, symmetric data encryption technology was used to generate encryption templates for matching. In the enrollment stage, first, the extracted finger vein features were duplicated to obtain an extended feature vector; then, this extended vector was uniformly and randomly permuted to obtain a permutation feature vector. The above two vectors were combined into a two-dimensional feature matrix. The extended and permuted feature vector made full use of the original biometric features and further enhanced the non-invertibility. Second, a random Gaussian projection vector with m×q dimensions was generated, and a random orthogonal projection matrix was generated by the Schmidt orthogonalization of the previously generated random vector. This approach accurately transferred the characteristics of the biometric features to another feature space and ensured that the biological template is revocable. Finally, the inner product of the two-dimensional feature vector and random orthogonal projection matrix was obtained and superimposed into a row. The dual index values of the largest and second largest values were repeated m times to obtain a hash code for matching. The secondary maximum value index was introduced to adjust the error generated by the random matrix, which improved the recognition rate of the algorithm. In the verification stage, another hash code for matching was generated based on symmetric data encryption technology, and then the two hash codes were cross matched to obtain the final matching result. The experimental results show that this scheme attains good recognition performance with the PolyU and SDUMLA-FV databases, that it meets the design standard for cancellable biometric identification, and that it is robust to security and privacy attacks.
Arbitrary Prestrain Values for Ligaments Cause Numerical Issues in a Multibody Model of an Ankle Joint
Authors: Ciszkiewicz Adam
Published: January 2022

Experimental studies report that ligaments of the ankle joint are prestrained. The prestrain is an important aspect of modern biomechanical analysis, which can be included in the models by: applying symmetrical, arbitrary prestrains to the ligaments, assuming a strain-free location for the joint or by using experimental prestrain data. The aim of the study was to comparatively analyze these approaches. In total, 4 prestraining methods were considered. In order to do so, a symmetrical model of the ankle with six nonlinear cables and two sphere–sphere contact pairs was assumed. The model was solved in statics under moment loads up to 5 Nm. The obtained results showed that the arbitrary prestrains caused an unbalanced load for the model at rest, and in turn modified its rest location in an unpredictable way. Due to the imbalance, it was impossible to enforce the assumed prestrains and thus cartilage prestrain was required to stabilize the model. The prestraining had a significant effect on the angular displacements and the load state of the model. The findings suggest that the prestrain values are patient specific and arbitrary prestrains will not be valid for most models.
Rhinovirus Infections among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Pre-Transplant Dilemma?
Authors: Barral Sébastien , Mamin Aline , Dantin Carole , Masouridi-Levrat Stavroula , Chalandon Yves , Kaiser Laurent , Vu Diem-Lan
Published: January 2022

Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients can be of concern due to the patients’ depressed immune status, but few data are available about the significance of a pre-transplant positive testing. In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed a cohort of patients that were transplanted between 1 January 2010 and 31 October 2019 in the Geneva University Hospitals with at least one RVI before or after transplantation. At least one RVI was detected in 319/533 (63.5%) transplanted patients. Rhinoviruses were most frequently identified (37%), followed by human coronaviruses (17.1%), parainfluenza viruses (13.9%), and influenza viruses (9.9%). First infection in the post-transplant period occurred at a mean time of 334 days (SD 338). Specific analysis of a subgroup of 65 patients with pre-transplant RVIs was performed. Among them, 39 (59%) patients had symptoms and 14 (21.2%) had a lower respiratory tract infection. Four patients (6.1%) (three rhinovirus and one influenza) needed an intensive care unit admission, of which, three (4.5%) (two rhinovirus and one influenza) were intubated. The patient with influenza infection diagnosed the day of the transplantation died within the first 30 days of the infection. Two patients with rhinovirus infection died within 3 months of unrelated causes. Our data show that rhinovirus infections are predominant in allo-HSCT patients, including among pre-transplant infections; however, mortality due to pre-transplant RVI is low and was only clearly identified in one patient with influenza infection. RVI within the month preceding allo-HSCT is not associated with direct morbidity or mortality in this cohort.
Alphavirus Identification in Neotropical Bats
Authors: Moreira Marrero Lucía , Botto Nuñez Germán , Frabasile Sandra , Delfraro Adriana
Published: January 2022

Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) are arthropod-borne viruses responsible for several emerging diseases, maintained in nature through transmission between hematophagous arthropod vectors and susceptible vertebrate hosts. Although bats harbor many species of viruses, their role as reservoir hosts in emergent zoonoses has been verified only in a few cases. With bats being the second most diverse order of mammals, their implication in arbovirus infections needs to be elucidated. Reports on arbovirus infections in bats are scarce, especially in South American indigenous species. In this work, we report the genomic detection and identification of two different alphaviruses in oral swabs from bats captured in Northern Uruguay. Phylogenetic analysis identified Río Negro virus (RNV) in two different species: Tadarida brasiliensis (n = 6) and Myotis spp. (n = 1) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in Myotis spp. (n = 2). Previous studies of our group identified RNV and EEEV in mosquitoes and horse serology, suggesting that they may be circulating in enzootic cycles in our country. Our findings reveal that bats can be infected by these arboviruses and that chiropterans could participate in the viral natural cycle as virus amplifiers or dead-end hosts. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of these mammals in the biological cycle of these alphaviruses in Uruguay.
Inactivation of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Genome Using Two Methods
Authors: Behnia Mahgol , Baer Alan , Skidmore Andrew M. , Lehman Caitlin W. , Bracci Nicole , Kehn-Hall Kylene , Bradfute Steven B.
Published: January 2022

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an Alphavirus in the Togaviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses. The viral genome of positive-strand RNA viruses is infectious, as it produces infectious virus upon introduction into a cell. VEEV is a select agent and samples containing viral RNA are subject to additional regulations due to their infectious nature. Therefore, RNA isolated from cells infected with BSL-3 select agent strains of VEEV or other positive-strand viruses must be inactivated before removal from high-containment laboratories. In this study, we tested the inactivation of the viral genome after RNA fragmentation or cDNA synthesis, using the Trinidad Donkey and TC-83 strains of VEEV. We successfully inactivated VEEV genomic RNA utilizing these two protocols. Our cDNA synthesis method also inactivated the genomic RNA of eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses (EEEV and WEEV). We also tested whether the purified VEEV genomic RNA can produce infectious virions in the absence of transfection. Our result showed the inability of the viral genome to cause infection without being transfected into the cells. Overall, this work introduces RNA fragmentation and cDNA synthesis as reliable methods for the inactivation of samples containing the genomes of positive-strand RNA viruses.
High Level of Pre-Treatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Its Association with HLA Class I-Mediated Restriction in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort
Authors: Willim Rachel , Shadabi Elnaz , Sampathkumar Raghavan , Li Lin , Balshaw Robert , Kimani Joshua , Plummer Francis A. , Luo Ma , Liang Binhua
Published: January 2022

Background: We analyzed the prevalence of pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in a Kenyan population. We also examined whether host HLA class I genes influence the development of pre-ART DRMs. Methods: The HIV-1 proviral DNAs were amplified from blood samples of 266 ART-naïve women from the Pumwani Sex Worker cohort of Nairobi, Kenya using a nested PCR method. The amplified HIV genomes were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The prevalence of pre-ART DRMs was investigated. Correlation studies were performed between HLA class I alleles and HIV-1 DRMs. Results: Ninety-eight percent of participants had at least one DRM, while 38% had at least one WHO surveillance DRM. M184I was the most prevalent clinically important variant, seen in 37% of participants. The DRMs conferring resistance to one or more integrase strand transfer inhibitors were also found in up to 10% of participants. Eighteen potentially relevant (p < 0.05) positive correlations were found between HLA class 1 alleles and HIV drug-resistant variants. Conclusions: High levels of HIV drug resistance were found in all classes of antiretroviral drugs included in the current first-line ART regimens in Africa. The development of DRMs may be influenced by host HLA class I-restricted immunity.
Tropism of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Viruses from the 2020/2021 Epizootic in Wild Ducks and Geese
Authors: Caliendo Valentina , Leijten Lonneke , van de Bildt Marco , Germeraad Evelien , Fouchier Ron A. M. , Beerens Nancy , Kuiken Thijs
Published: January 2022

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks have become increasingly frequent in wild bird populations and have caused mass mortality in many wild bird species. The 2020/2021 epizootic was the largest and most deadly ever reported in Europe, and many new bird species tested positive for HPAI virus for the first time. This study investigated the tropism of HPAI virus in wild birds. We tested the pattern of virus attachment of 2020 H5N8 virus to intestinal and respiratory tissues of key bird species; and characterized pathology of naturally infected Eurasian wigeons (Mareca penelope) and barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis). This study determined that 2020 H5N8 virus had a high level of attachment to the intestinal epithelium (enterotropism) of dabbling ducks and geese and retained attachment to airway epithelium (respirotropism). Natural HPAI 2020 H5 virus infection in Eurasian wigeons and barnacle geese also showed a high level of neurotropism, as both species presented with brain lesions that co-localized with virus antigen expression. We concluded that the combination of respirotropism, neurotropism, and possibly enterotropism, contributed to the successful adaptation of 2020/2021 HPAI H5 viruses to wild waterbird populations.
Pitfalls in the Application of Dispase-Based Keratinocyte Dissociation Assay for In Vitro Analysis of Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Schmidt Morna F. , Feoktistova Maria , Panayotova-Dimitrova Diana , Eichkorn Ramona A. , Yazdi Amir S.
Published: January 2022

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic, life-altering autoimmune disease due to the production of anti-desmoglein antibodies causing the loss of cell–cell adhesion in keratinocytes (acantholysis) and blister formation in both skin and mucous membranes. The dispase-based keratinocyte dissociation assay (DDA) is the method of choice to examine the pathogenic effect of antibodies and additional co-stimuli on cell adhesion in vitro. Despite its widespread use, there is a high variability of experimental conditions, leading to inconsistent results. In this paper, we identify and discuss pitfalls in the application of DDA, including generation of a monolayer with optimized density, appropriate culturing conditions to obtain said monolayer, application of mechanical stress in a standardized manner, and performing consistent data processing. Importantly, we describe a detailed protocol for a successful and reliable DDA and the respective ideal conditions for three different types of human keratinocytes: (1) primary keratinocytes, (2) the HaCaT spontaneously immortalized keratinocyte cell line, and (3) the recently characterized HaSKpw spontaneously immortalized keratinocyte cell line. Our study provides detailed protocols which guarantee intra- and inter-experimental comparability of DDA.
Pollutant Removal Efficiency of a Bioretention Cell with Enhanced Dephosphorization
Authors: Ho Chia-Chun , Lin Yi-Xuan
Published: January 2022

Low impact development can contribute to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2, 6, 7, 11, and 13, and bioretention cells are commonly used to reduce nonpoint source pollution. However, although bioretention is effective in reducing ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) pollution, it performs poorly in phosphorus removal. In this study, a new type of enhanced dephosphorization bioretention cell (EBC) was developed; it removes nitrogen and COD efficiently but also provides excellent phosphorus removal performance. An EBC (length: 45 m; width: 15 m) and a traditional bioretention cell (TBC) of the same size were constructed in Anhui, China, to treat rural nonpoint source pollution with high phosphorus concentration levels. After almost 2 years of on-site operation, the ammonium nitrogen removal performance of the TBC was 81%, whereas that of the EBC was 78%. The COD removal rates of the TBC and EBC were 51% and 65%, and they removed 51% and 92% of the total phosphorus, respectively. These results indicate that the TBC and EBC have similar performance in the removal of ammonium nitrogen and COD, but the EBC significantly outperforms the TBC in terms of total phosphorus removed.
The Evolution of the Right to Water in India
Authors: Wahi Namita
Published: January 2022

Water is indispensable to human life. From references to water in numerous international treaties to ultimately, the adoption of United Nations (U.N.) General Assembly resolutions emphasising separate recognition of the “right to water” in 2010, we now have a freestanding human right to water. In this paper, I review the constitutional and legal framework underlying the right to water in India, and present a comprehensive analysis of judicial decisions that have enforced this right, based on insights from two original datasets. The first dataset is a compilation of all water laws, and the second is a compilation of all High Court and Supreme Court judicial decisions on the right to water. My review of the articulation of the “right to water” in India shows that this articulation has occurred largely oblivious of the international human rights movement on water. Apart from the mainstream articulation of the “right to water”, I also describe specific articulation of the right by two marginalised groups, namely Dalits and Adivasis. In so doing, I show how the articulation of the “right to water” has strengthened the claims of the former, but not those of the latter group.
Long-Term Series of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Brazilian Semiarid Lakes from Modis Imagery
Authors: Ventura Dhalton Luiz Tosetto , Martinez Jean-Michel , de Attayde José Luiz , Martins Eduardo Sávio Passos Rodrigues , Brandini Nilva , Moreira Luciane Silva
Published: January 2022

By monitoring the chlorophyll a concentration (chla), it is possible to keep track of the eutrophication status of a lake and to describe the temporal dynamics of the phytoplankton biomass. Such monitoring must be both extensive and intensive to account for the short- and long-term biomass variations. This may be achieved by the remote estimation of chla through an orbital sensor with high temporal resolution. In this study, we used MODIS imagery to produce 21-year time series of chla for three strategic lakes of the Brazilian semi-arid region: Eng. Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, Castanhão, and Orós. We used data collected in 13 lakes of the region to test new and published regression models for chla estimation. The selected model was validated and applied to daily MODIS images for the three largest lakes. The resulting chla time series revealed that the temporal dynamics of the phytoplankton biomass is associated with the hydraulic regime of the lakes, with chla plummeting upon intense water renewal and keeping high during persistent dry periods. The intense rainy season of 2004 reduced the phytoplankton biomass and its effects even extended to the subsequent years. Our results encourage the exploration of the MODIS archived imagery in limnological studies.
Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Changes and Future Predictions Using CA-ANN Simulation for Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Baig Mohammed Feras , Mustafa Muhammad Raza Ul , Baig Imran , Takaijudin Husna Binti , Zeshan Muhammad Talha
Published: January 2022

Land use land cover (LULC) has altered dramatically because of anthropogenic activities, particularly in places where climate change and population growth are severe. The geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing are widely used techniques for monitoring LULC changes. This study aimed to assess the LULC changes and predict future trends in Selangor, Malaysia. The satellite images from 1991–2021 were classified to develop LULC maps using support vector machine (SVM) classification in ArcGIS. The image classification was based on six different LULC classes, i.e., (i) water, (ii) developed, (iii) barren, (iv) forest, (v) agriculture, and (vi) wetlands. The resulting LULC maps illustrated the area changes from 1991 to 2021 in different classes, where developed, barren, and water lands increased by 15.54%, 1.95%, and 0.53%, respectively. However, agricultural, forest, and wetlands decreased by 3.07%, 14.01%, and 0.94%, respectively. The cellular automata-artificial neural network (CA-ANN) technique was used to predict the LULC changes from 2031–2051. The percentage of correctness for the simulation was 82.43%, and overall kappa value was 0.72. The prediction maps from 2031–2051 illustrated decreasing trends in (i) agricultural by 3.73%, (ii) forest by 1.09%, (iii) barren by 0.21%, (iv) wetlands by 0.06%, and (v) water by 0.04% and increasing trends in (vi) developed by 5.12%. The outcomes of this study provide crucial knowledge that may help in developing future sustainable planning and management, as well as assist authorities in making informed decisions to improve environmental and ecological conditions.
Impacts of Soil Information on Process-Based Hydrological Modelling in the Upper Goukou Catchment, South Africa
Authors: Smit Edward , van Tol Johan
Published: January 2022

Although soils form an integral part of landscape hydrological processes, the importance of soil information in hydrological modelling is often neglected. This study investigated the impact of soil information on streamflow modelling accuracy and hydrological process representation. Two different levels of soil information were compared to long-term streamflow in the upper Goukou catchment (230 km2), South Africa, over a period of 23 years using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+). The land-type soil map (LTSM) dataset was less detailed and derived from the best, readily available soil dataset for South Africa currently. The hydrological soil map (HSM) dataset was more detailed and was created using infield hydropedological soil observations combined with digital soil-mapping techniques. Monthly streamflow simulation was similar for both soil datasets, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and Kling–Gupta efficiency values of 0.57 and 0.59 (HSM) and 0.56 and 0.60 (LTSM), respectively. It is, however, important to assess through which hydrological processes were these streamflow values generated as well as their spatial distribution within the catchment. Upon further assessment, the representation of hydrological processes within the catchment differed greatly between the two datasets, with the HSM more accurately representing the internal hydrological processes, as it was based on infield observations. It was concluded that hydropedological information could be of great value in effective catchment management strategies since it improves representation of internal catchment processes.
Analisis Data Gravitasi Untuk Identifikasi Struktur Bawah Permukaan Daerah Potensi Panas Bumi Cipari
Authors: Agustin Ninik , Wibawa Agung
Published: January 2022

Geothermal prospect in Cipari has been shown by spring who has a temperature of about 50°C and is categorized as a low temperature. The presence of spring on Cipari earth's surface is an indication of geothermal structures' existence on the surface and a geothermal system below the surface. Geophysical methods can be used for subsurface structures identification, one of them is the density method with gravity data. This study has an objective to identify the subsurface structures in Cipari geothermal potential area using GGMPlus gravity data. Terrain and Bouguer corrections were used to obtain Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA). Separation of regional and residual anomalies using Butterwoth and Bandpass filters. The rock contact boundary was obtained by the FHD method and geological structures such as faults were obtained by the SVD method. FHD and SVD results were used as information for 2D forward modeling. The ABL map shows anomalous contrasts in areas that have rock contacts and geological faults. The high anomaly in the center of the study area indicates the Cipari anticline. Data processing and analysis concluded that the area around the Cipari hot spring has anticline, several rock contacts, and normal fault structures. The fault in the study area is part of the geothermal system which is confirmed by GGMPlus data.
Expert System To Diagnose Beengal Cat Disease With Case Based Reasoning Method
Authors: Utami Ananda Friska , Manurung Jonson
Published: January 2022

At this time, many animal lovers keep pets. Cat or cattery owners sometimes find it difficult to diagnose pet cat diseases because cat diseases are not the same as human diseases, which are easy to diagnose and provide visible symptoms. Horas Cattery is a breeding ground and provider of pet cat adoption services, including Bengal cats. From the observations of the authors at Horas Cattery, understanding of the symptoms of cat diseases is still lacking, so they still rely on the expertise of experts manually, in addition, the cost for treatment to a veterinarian is very expensive and there are still few veterinarians. In this case, the research conducted at Horas Cattery uses the Case Based Reasoning method which is one of the methods of the expert system to diagnose Bengal cat disease because the method is based on knowledge from previous cases. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the case with the lowest weight was case 13, which was 0.2. Case 2 produces a high weight of 0.6667. So the results of calculations with weights show a confidence level of more than 60%.
Pobreza, desigualdad y ahorro popular en México: estudio histórico analítico
Authors: Vázquez Nitzia , Díaz Manuel
Published: January 2022

The financial system is dominated by private banking institutions that do not serve people who do not meet basic requirements, nor those who are considered subjects who are not subject to credit. This banking policy leaves millions of people without access to its services, mainly the poorest. The study's objective was to analyze the current situation of the operation of the Popular Financial Societies and Cooperative Savings and Loan Societies of Mexico. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of this type of company is carried out using the qualitative method and a historical review of its critical role in reducing poverty and inequality. It is found that this policy allows promoting inclusion, education, and financial security for the population that does not have access to the services provided by commercial banks.
PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING THE PRINCIPLE OF INVESTIGATOR INDEPENDENCE
Authors: Kibardin D.O.
Published: January 2022

The principle of independeence and autonomy of such a subject of investigation as an investigator is the principle of criminal procedure law, on which the stage of preliminary investigation is based. This principle guarantees no interference in the work of the investigator when he fulfills his responsibilities, and following the letter of the law, as it is stated in the Article 38 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the investigator has the authority to independently direct the course of the investigation, to take the decision about investigation and other procedural actions. Apart from it, according to the Article 17 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the investigator is a subject of evaluation of evidence, through the prism of his own inner conviction, which is based on all the evidence collected, following the law and his conscience. And therefore, the clear functioning of this principle allows to solve the problem of objectivity, being an essential guarantee of stabilization of criminal procedural functions, an additional means of minimizing possible judicial errors, as well as a filter of inadmissible evidence. The article identifies the problems of implementing the principle of investigator ‘s independence, the issues of limiting this principle are touched upon and the ways of solving the above problems are proposed.
SOCIAL CONTRACT: COMMUNICATIVE AND HERMENEUTIC ASPECTS
Authors: Lushnikov P.V.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the validity of the contractual theory of the origin of the state. Arguments of opponents and supporters are given. Their arguments in support of the existence of this theory are expressed. It is indicated that the natural language of communication has a conventional character, and is an unmanifested collective agreement. It is indicated that new generations join this convention in the process of socialization. From this it is concluded that the idea of the state and the relationship (interaction) with it also has an unmanifested contractual nature. The content of the social contract is considered. It is proposed to use hermeneutical methodology, in particular, the principle of questioning, for the study of such a contract. It is indicated that with the help of this principle, it is possible to identify the unmanifested content of the social contract. It is indicated on the questions and answers that underlie the contract. In the course of the study, the questions that the text of the contract can answer are identified, the ideas of the members of the society about interaction with the state are established. The article highlights the issue of the subjects (participants) of such a contract. It is concluded that the main of them are social groups. The largest group is the "people", which can also be considered as a hermeneutic community, that is, a community of people united by a single picture of the world and language. It is pointed out the importance of taking into account the provisions of the social contract in lawmaking and in the interpretation of law.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CRIMINAL PROCESS IN THE COURSE OF THE TRIAL WITH THE CONSENT OF THE ACCUSED WITH THE CHARGE BROUGHT AGAINST HIM
Authors: Mashinnikova N.O.
Published: January 2022

The article examines the problems of implementing the principles of criminal procedure in the course of a trial with the consent of the accused with the charge brought against him. It is argued that the special procedure for judicial proceedings does not fully comply with the principles of criminal procedure. It is proved that the study of the special procedure of the trial revealed the presence of competition in it, the presumption of innocence and the principle of competition. It is indicated that, taking into account the construction created by the legislator, Chapter 40 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, the specified procedure of legal proceedings is not aimed at preventing the conviction of innocent people and establishing their non-involvement in the crime committed. With a special procedure of judicial proceedings, the court's discretion is not aimed at establishing the presence or absence of the defendant's guilt and effective protection of the rights of victims, which are enshrined in Article 6 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. It is argued that the simplification of the criminal procedure form should be compensated by increased requirements for ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of a person brought to criminal responsibility due to strict compliance with all the principles of criminal procedure set out in Chapter 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation.
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN AN INVESTIGATOR AND OPERATIONAL OFFICERS AS A FORM OF ORGANIZING ACTIVITIES FOR INVESTIGATING AND SOLVING CRIMES IN THE FIELD OF ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING COMMITTED USING INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Authors: Petrov M.V.
Published: January 2022

The article examines the forms, characteristics, principles, aims and goals of the interaction between an investigator and operational officers for solving and investigating crimes in the field of illegal drug trafficking committed using the Internet. Special attention is paid to the fact that the process of interaction cannot be regarded as the sum of efforts of separate individuals each focused on their own objects. The article highlights the need to develop a cooperative activity, a cooperative mission of interaction of all participating subjects consolidated with the mutual purpose, methods, procedures and understanding of the initial material in obtaining the final result. An attempt is made to reveal some of the features of interaction between an investigator and operational officers in solving this type of crimes. An important role is also given to the operational-tactical activities combining intelligence surveillance and investigative actions.
PROTECTION BY THE TRADE UNION OF MEDICAL WORKERS AT THE STAGES OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION AND JUDICIAL REVIEW
Authors: Pozdeev A.R. , Popova O.P. , Shvetsova Z.G.
Published: January 2022

An analysis of legislation affecting the possibility of trade union participation in the protection of the rights of medical workers who have been prosecuted for iatrogenic crimes has been carried out. Statistics of complaints against medical workers are given, where the Udmurt Republic was among the five leaders, which determines an increased interest in the protection of medical workers. The procedural procedure for the protection of medical personnel is not determined taking into account the peculiarities of the procedural procedure. A similar situation is observed for subjects involved in the protection of a medical worker. The article draws attention in detail to the peculiarities of the union's protection of medical workers at the stages of pre-investigation, preliminary investigation and consideration of the case in the court of first instance. A conclusion is drawn on the need to develop and consolidate institutional and legal mechanisms and develop appropriate procedures. Examples of the participation of the professional union in the protection of the rights of medical workers are given on the example of two high-profile criminal cases for the Udmurt Republic. It is proposed to supplement article 76 of the Federal Law "On the Basics of Health Protection of Citizens of the Russian Federation" dated 21.11.2011 No. 323-FZ (ed. 02.07.2021). The materials of this article are both practical and more theoretical in nature, based on its doctrinal nature and the results of its research will help to build a system of protection for medical workers at the stages of pre-investigation, preliminary investigation and consideration of the case in court.
RELATED DIVERSITY FEDERALISM IN THE ASYMMETRIC RUSSIAN ECONOMIC SPACE
Authors: Korotina N.Yu.
Published: January 2022

The relevance of the research is conditioned by to construct a model of economic federalism that allows considering Russian specifics, since the existing approach to understanding federalism did not allow finding a comprehensive solution to all emerging economic problems of federal relations and eliminate asymmetry of regional development. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to substantiate a federalism model designed to connect Russian regions of various characteristics into a single economic system. The proposed model of related diversity federalism is built considering the variability of interregional comparison (asymmetry of regional development), the coherence of three types of spaces (territorial, governance, and production) and the connectivity of regions in all functional spheres of interaction of federation. The author proposes the use of both universal, uniform and differentiated, specific measures of state support for regions from their role in the socio-economic development of the country. The proposed model based on the trinity of spaces of economic federalism and the trinity of balancing determinants (centralization and decentralization, symmetry and asymmetry, universality, and specificity) allows preserving the uniqueness of each of the territorial subjects of federalism into a single space of economic federalism.
DIGITAL COMPANY MANAGEMENT TOOLS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Pogodina T.V. , Ustinova O.E.
Published: January 2022

The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the modern economy is characterized by active information consumption, which requires the use of special devices of algorithm programs and techniques for collecting, processing, analyzing, distributing and storing numerous information. The paper examines the features of the use of digital tools in management at different levels of subordination of relations within the company. At the same time, some of them allow solving rather narrow specialized tasks, while others are used for a wider range of tasks from various fields based on a general or standard approach. The purpose of the work is to fill the gap associated with the study of the use of digital tools in the management of the marketing department of the company, studying the impact of advertising on the behavior of consumers of the industrial market. Based on the presented goal, the structure of the work includes a literature review, methods, results and discussion, conclusion. The work used logical and regression research methods, which made it possible to identify key factors and advertising incentives that affect consumer behavior in the industrial market. The authors carried out a study by the method of experiment within the framework of applied research work. The research part included the analysis of scientific and methodological works in the field of the use of digital management tools, including neuromarketing, preparation of a research program, development and "piloting" of the test material, the field stage of the study (organization and conduct of in-depth interviews and experiments using special equipment - stationary eye- tracker among managers), data processing using specialized software.
METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING STANDARDS OF INVESTMENT FOR INNOVATION IN EQUIPMENT OF THE SERVICE OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT
Authors: Mezrina N.M. , Sokolova N.G.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of planning maintenance and repair of maintenance and repair of equipment at industrial enterprises is to keep the equipment in working, technically sound condition, ensuring its high performance and uninterrupted operation. In the planning of maintenance and repair, primary attention is paid to identifying the investment needs for innovation in the equipment of the maintenance service, since the use of fundamentally new materials during the overhaul of equipment can lead to the creation of new methods of maintenance and repair of equipment and the use of technological innovations in its planning.Despite the challenges of investing in innovation such as risk and uncertainty about the economic benefits of innovation, investing in innovation in equipment maintenance and repair planning solves the challenge of creating an exclusive product. Due to the fact that the actual costs of investments in innovation in some cases differ significantly from the planned ones, it is necessary to develop a "methodology for calculating the rates of investment in innovation in equipment for the maintenance and repair of technological equipment", which will minimize the discrepancy that occurs between the actual costs and planned, reduce costs and improve the efficiency of the system of preventive maintenance, improve the regulatory framework for planning maintenance and repair of equipment. We come to the conclusion that the economic role of rationing is that with the help of standards the most important proportions in the planning of maintenance and repair are justified, the development of material production is ensured, innovation activity is regulated and the investment needs for innovation in industrial enterprises are calculated.
THE ROLE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR IN THE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UNDER THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION CONDITIONS
Authors: Troyanskaya A.I. , Prasolov M.I.
Published: January 2022

Modern conditions are characterized by an increase in the processes of digital transformation in all spheres of public life. It seems promising to use the latest software solutions to optimize personnel management processes. Automated HRM systems are able to minimize or eliminate erroneous actions due to the influence of the human factor at a large manufacturing enterprise, such as AO “OMZ” (JTS “OMP”). As a result of a series of interviews, questionnaires and analysis of personnel statistics, it was revealed that erroneous actions are associated with irrationality of backup copy, "disappearance" of documents, downtime due to incorrect database management. Psychological reasons of erroneous actions of employees are fixed. It is proposed to reduce the costs associated with the elimination of the consequences of these actions. At the same time, it does not mean full automation of communication processes in the organization. It is concluded that the distribution of functions in the man-machine-environment system should be dynamic with the ability to consciously adjust the degree of automation. Today, it is reflexive modernization that is in demand. Conscious modernity requires a personal self-identify, to develop an attitude to the social environment, the industrial environment, the objective world. The self-reflection on the personal place and role in the ongoing innovations is needed. It is extremely important to preserve the becoming fragile human relationships and the genuinely human manifestations.
DIGITAL ECONOMY: NEW COMPETENCES AND RELEVANT SKILLS FOR MODERN YOUTH
Authors: Khomenko E.B. , Bornyakova E.V.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the study of the process of formation of new competencies and skills relevant in the digital economy among students of the Udmurt State University (UdSU). As part of the study, a survey was conducted of students in non-economic areas of bachelor's degree following the results of their study of the course "Introduction to the digital economy". During the survey, students were asked to assess the need for university students to study the digitalization of the economy in modern conditions, the saturation of the discipline being studied with new information for them about the development of the digital economy and society, the relevance of the information received, the effectiveness of classroom work, as well as the importance of expanding their knowledge of the digital economy on completion of this training course. Students had the opportunity to accompany their answers with comments, recommendations and wishes. The results of the questionnaire made it possible to draw conclusions about the need for students to acquire knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of the digital economy, about a positive assessment of the content and quality of teaching of the training course "Introduction to the digital economy" at UdSU, about the expediency of continuing this work at the university and the high significance the formation of students' universal competencies.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE "PERSONNEL COMPETITIVENESS" CATEGORY INTO THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Stepus A.F.
Published: January 2022

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the main categories of labor theory in its development and transformation, taking into account the opinions of various researchers. The essence of the concepts of "competition", "labor force" and "workplace", "labor" and "work", "personnel" and "personnel", "productivity" and "productive force of labor", "labor resource" and "labor potential", "cost" and "value" is revealed. As a result of the analysis, the author's definitions of the concepts of "ability to work", "efficiency", "thesaurus", "communication experience" are proposed. A detailed analysis of various approaches to the interpretation of these categories allowed the author to substantiate his own scientific position on the issue under study. The author, in order to illustrate the process of transformation of the categories under consideration in the course of the development of social production from industrial to post-industrial, taking into account the current stage of the formation of the digital economy, proposed the use of the concepts of "atom" and "molecule" to characterize the processes of changing the application of human labor in the new conditions of the digital economy in comparison with the traditional labor process in an industrial society. As a result of the implementation of the author's approach, it is proposed to update the definition of the concept of "personnel competitiveness" taking into account its transformation in the digital economy.
DIGITAL BUSINESS MODEL OF CROP PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Volga Research Institute of Economics and Organization of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Leksina A.A.
Published: January 2022

The acceleration of the digital transformation of society, proclaimed in national programs and projects, largely depends on solving the problems of digitalization, the purpose of which is the long-term sustainable scientific, technological and economic development of the country. The relevance of the topic of making effective strategic decisions by participants of the agricultural business raises the issue of forming new management concepts and specific models that require research on theoretical and applied aspects of digitalization of the agricultural sector. The study of the transformation of traditional business management paradigms (emotional and rational) into a system of concepts of a new level based on digital technologies allowed us to determine the composition of the digital business model of an agricultural enterprise. For this purpose, the evolutionary stages of "Agriculture 1.0" – "Agriculture 5.0" are analyzed, technological, informational and managerial characteristics of each of them are identified and systematized. The basic principle of developing and building a modern digital business model of an agricultural organization should be the formation of an appropriate process-oriented management system, which is determined on the basis of the process approach used in the work. The novelty of the research consists in the formation of the structure of the digital business model of the activity of the crop industry of an agricultural organization, taking into account the processes of creating consumer value of products by highlighting its basic elements that ensure the achievement of strategic goals, based on the digitalization of technological, information and management components of the functioning and detailing of technologies. These components of the business model elements are grouped and described for accounting of works and agricultural operations, monitoring of equipment, "assistant agronomist", reporting and analytics, cadastral accounting and scouting. The comparison of the obtained results with the mechanism and evaluation of the results of the functioning of the agricultural organization of the region, which implements and develops digital technologies, confirms their theoretical and practical significance.
Risk And Return Model of Digital Cryptocurrency Asset Investment In Indonesia
Authors: Ilham Rico Nur , Sadalia Isfenti , Irawati Nisrul , Sinta Irada
Published: January 2022

Cryptocurrency is an investment commodity that can generate returns and already has a license to be traded in exchange trading through the Indonesian Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (BAPEPTI). There are quite a lot of crypto digital assets traded in Indonesia through the trading company Indodax. The purpose of this research is focused on formulating a risk management process in cryptocurrency digital asset investment. In addition, from the results of this study, a policy recommendation known as LCTR or "Legal Cryptocurrency and Tax Revenue" is expected to be considered by the government in formulating policies on crypto digital assets so that the interests of all parties can be accommodated for the realization of maximum state revenue from commodity trading. crypto digital assets. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with the research population, namely 5 cryptocurrency coins with the largest market caps in Indonesia, namely Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin in Indonesia. The type of data in this study is time series data taken from March 2021 to December 2021 by conducting a documentation study conducted on the publication of monthly cryptocurrency transaction reports, so that a target population of 240 (4 years x 12 months x 5 coins) monthly report data is obtained. for the research sample. The data analysis method in this study used multiple linear regression and data analysis used statistical software e-views version 10. The output of this study was the publication of reputable international journals,

 