bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonogenerated metal-hydrogen sponges for reactive hard templating
Authors: Baidukova Olga , Möhwald Helmuth , Mazheika Aliaksei S. , Sviridov Dmitry V. , Palamarciuc Tatiana , Weber Birgit , Cherepanov Pavel V. , Andreeva Daria V. , Skorb Ekaterina V.
Published: February 2015

Sonogenerated magnesium-hydrogen sponges with low dehydrogenation energy are used as prospective reactive hard templates for the synthesis of organized nanostructures.
Enzyme transformation to modulate the ligand–receptor interactions between small molecules
Authors: Shi Junfeng , Du Xuewen , Yuan Dan , Haburcak Richard , Wu Dongdong , Zhou Ning , Xu Bing
Published: February 2015

The use of enzymatic transformation to regulate ligand–receptor interactions between small molecules represents a new approach to mimic the essence of living systems.
Recognition of saccharides in the NIR region with a novel fluorogenic boronolectin: in vitro and live cell labeling
Authors: Samaniego Lopez Cecilia , Lago Huvelle María Amparo , Uhrig María Laura , Coluccio Leskow Federico , Spagnuolo Carla C.
Published: February 2015

The detection performance in solution and in live cells of a novel mono-boronic acid derivative of a near-infrared luminescent tricarbocyanine with OFF–ON response upon addition of saccharides.
Xenon NMR of liquid crystals confined to cylindrical nanocavities: a simulation study
Authors: Karjalainen Jouni , Vaara Juha , Straka Michal , Lantto Perttu
Published: February 2015

Coarse-grained simulations show that the129Xe NMR shielding reflects the smooth changes of orientational order in liquid crystals confined to nanocavities.
Fluorescence and Förster resonance energy transfer investigations on DNA oligonucleotide and PAMAM dendrimer packing interactions in dendriplexes
Authors: Alajangi Hema Kumari , Santhiya Deenan
Published: February 2015

A direct insight into the 14-mer oligonucleotide and dendrimer interactions using fluorescence and FRET techniques is the focus of this study.
Exploring the conformational preferences of 20-residue peptides in isolation: Ac-Ala19-Lys + H+vs. Ac-Lys-Ala19 + H+ and the current reach of DFT
Authors: Schubert Franziska , Rossi Mariana , Baldauf Carsten , Pagel Kevin , Warnke Stephan , von Helden Gert , Filsinger Frank , Kupser Peter , Meijer Gerard , Salwiczek Mario , Koksch Beate , Scheffler Matthias , Blum Volker
Published: February 2015

Using a high-level density functional and an exhaustive search of conformation space, the predicted conformation of a 20-amino acid peptide explains two seemingly contradictory experiments.
A theoretical study of the mechanism of the atmospherically relevant reaction of chlorine atoms with methyl nitrate, and calculation of the reaction rate coefficients at temperatures relevant to the troposphere
Authors: Ng Maggie , Mok Daniel K. W. , Lee Edmond P. F. , Dyke John M.
Published: February 2015

Computed rate coefficients of the atmospherically important Cl + CH3ONO2 → HCl + CH2ONO2 reaction reported for the first time.
Thermodynamic optimization of the Dy–Nd–Fe–B system and application in the recovery and recycling of rare earth metals from NdFeB magnet
Authors: Van Ende Marie-Aline , Jung In-Ho , Kim Yong-Hwan , Kim Taek-Soo
Published: February 2015

The developed thermodynamic database for the Dy–Nd–Fe–B–Mg system enables the calculation of complex phase diagrams for the selective recovery of Nd and Dy from NdFeB magnet scrap using the liquid metal extraction process.
Synthesis of 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-5-one analogues through manganese-catalyzed oxidation of the CH2 adjacent to pyridine moiety in water
Authors: Ren Lanhui , Wang Lianyue , Lv Ying , Shang Sensen , Chen Bo , Gao Shuang
Published: February 2015

A facile and efficient methodology is presented for the direct oxidation of 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine analogues forming 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-5-one in water.
Strategies for processing mega-pixel X-ray fluorescence hyperspectral data: a case study on a version of Caravaggio's painting Supper at Emmaus
Authors: Alfeld Matthias , Janssens Koen
Published: February 2015

Approaches for the identification of minor components in complex XRF datasets and software packages for their processing are assessed.
Application of spatial confinement for gas analysis using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to improve signal stability
Authors: Yin Hualiang , Hou Zongyu , Yuan Tingbi , Wang Zhe , Ni Weidou , Li Zheng
Published: February 2015

Bowl-shaped confinement was designed to increase signal stability for gas analysis. With normalization over the whole spectral area to alleviate the absorbed energy difference, our pulse-to-pulse RSDs for nitrogen and oxygen can reach 2.97% and 3.94% respectively, making LIBS analysis of gaseous samples more reliable.
Digital microfluidics for time-resolved cytotoxicity studies on single non-adherent yeast cells
Authors: Kumar P. T. , Vriens K. , Cornaglia M. , Gijs M. , Kokalj T. , Thevissen K. , Geeraerd A. , Cammue B. P. A. , Puers R. , Lammertyn J.
Published: February 2015

We demonstrate the application of digital microfluidic technology as a suitable platform for conducting high-throughput cell-based studies on non-adherent yeast cells in a spatio-temporal manner.
BODIPY appended copper(ii) complexes of curcumin showing mitochondria targeted remarkable photocytotoxicity in visible light
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arnab , Dixit Akanksha , Mitra Koushambi , Banerjee Samya , Karande Anjali A. , Chakravarty Akhil R.
Published: February 2015

BODIPY-appended copper(ii) complexes of curcumin show a remarkable PDT effect in visible light in HeLa cellsviaapoptosis with mitochondrial localization.
Tridentate benzylthiols on Au(111): control of self-assembly geometry
Authors: Mezour Mohamed A. , Perepichka Iryna I. , Ivasenko Oleksandr , Lennox R. Bruce , Perepichka Dmitrii F.
Published: February 2015

A set of hexasubstituted benzene derivatives with three thiol groups in the 1, 3, 5 positions and varied aliphatic substituents in the 2, 4, 6 positions (Me3-BTMT, Et3-BTMT, ODe3-BTMT) has been synthesized and self-assembled on Au(111).
A single multifunctional nanoplatform based on upconversion luminescence and gold nanorods
Authors: Huang Yue , Rosei Federico , Vetrone Fiorenzo
Published: February 2015

Doxorubicin loaded hollow core/shell multifunctional nanocomposite based on a GNR core enveloped in a upconverting layer of NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+.
Directed synthesis, growth process and optical properties of monodispersed CaWO4 microspheres via a sonochemical route
Authors: Janbua Jira , Mayamae Jitkasem , Wirunchit Supamas , Baitahe Rattanai , Vittayakorn Naratip
Published: February 2015

Monodispersed calcium tungstate (CaWO4) microspheres were synthesized successfully via a sonochemical process.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of C(6)-indole celastrol derivatives as potential antitumor agents
Authors: Tang Kaiyong , Huang Jinwen , Pan Junfang , Zhang Xuan , Lu Wei
Published: February 2015

A new class of C(6)-indole substituted celastrol derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among all these synthesized molecules, compound4fand4hdisplayed excellentin vitroantiproliferative activities against Bel7402 cancer cells.
Electrochemical and theoretical study of the inhibition effect of two synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivatives on carbon steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Shahabi Shirin , Norouzi Parviz , Ganjali Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2015

The inhibition effect of two synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivatives on carbon steel corrosion was studied experimentally (FFT-Voltammetry) and theoretically.
Ammonia/amine electronic gas sensors based on hybrid polyaniline–TiO2 nanocomposites. The effects of titania and the surface active doping acid
Authors: Mikhaylov S. , Ogurtsov N. , Noskov Yu. , Redon N. , Coddeville P. , Wojkiewicz J.-L. , Pud A.
Published: February 2015

Morphology and sensor responses.
Designed biomolecule–cellulose complexes for palladium recovery and detoxification
Authors: Yunus Ian Sofian , Tsai Shen-Long
Published: February 2015

Genetically engineered biomolecules assembled on cellulose are used for palladium recovery and detoxification.
Injectable in situ forming hydrogels based on natural and synthetic polymers for potential application in cartilage repair
Authors: Fiorica Calogero , Palumbo Fabio Salvatore , Pitarresi Giovanna , Gulino Alessandro , Agnello Stefano , Giammona Gaetano
Published: February 2015

Injectable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid, elastin and a biocompatible polyaspartamide are optimal scaffolds of viable chondrocytes for potential cartilage repair.
Hydrosilylation reaction of olefins: recent advances and perspectives
Authors: Nakajima Y. , Shimada S.
Published: February 2015

This review focuses on the recent development of efficient, selective, and cheaper hydrosilylation catalyst systems appearing in the last decade.
Molecular engineering of mechanophore activity for stress-responsive polymeric materials
Authors: Brown Cameron L. , Craig Stephen L.
Published: February 2015

Molecular-level design principles by which to engineer enhanced mechanophore activity are reviewed, with an emphasis on quantitative structure–activity studies determined for a family ofgem-dihalocyclopropane mechanophores.
Fabrication of fibrillized collagen microspheres with the microstructure resembling an extracellular matrix
Authors: Matsuhashi Aki , Nam Kwangwoo , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Kishida Akio
Published: February 2015

By controlling the interfacial properties of hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, surfactant concentration, rotor speed, inorganic salt, and temperature, fibrillized collagen microspheres possessing the same fibril structure as that of native tissue were prepared using water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion.
Effect of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer blockiness on the dynamic interfacial tension and dilational viscoelasticity of polymer–anionic surfactant complex at the water–1-chlorobutane interface
Authors: Atanase Leonard Ionut , Bistac Sophie , Riess Gérard
Published: February 2015

PVA aggregates lead to low interfacial tension γi and elastic modulus E′ values whereas these values are increased, with increasing SDS concentrations, for PVA–SDS complexes.
Direct measurement of thermophoretic forces
Authors: Helden Laurent , Eichhorn Ralf , Bechinger Clemens
Published: February 2015

Thermophoretic forces acting on spherical colloidal particles in confinement are obtained from single particle measurements. This allows to characterize so far inaccessible particle sizes and materials.
Thromboresistant and rapid-endothelialization effects of dopamine and staphylococcal protein A mediated anti-CD34 coating on 316L stainless steel for cardiovascular devices
Authors: Chen Jialong , Li Quanli , Xu Jianguang , Zhang Le , Maitz Manfred F. , Li Jun
Published: February 2015

The oriented immobilization surface of anti-CD34 antibodies displayed excellent affinity for EPCs and good anticoagulation performance.
The influence of the hydrophilic–lipophilic environment on the structure of silk fibroin protein
Authors: Lu Shenzhou , Li Jiaojiao , Zhang Shanshan , Yin Zhuping , Xing Tieling , Kaplan David L.
Published: February 2015

The present study examines the influence of the hydrophilic–lipophilic environment, mediated by small molecules, on the structural changes in silk protein fibroin.
A flexible ion chromatography column-switching system with a switching time window (STW) calibration program for the determination of myo-inositol in infant formula by pulsed amperometric detection
Authors: Zhang Shuifeng , Huang Liying , Li Hongyan , Chen Xiaozhen , Wang Fengli , Zhang Donglei , Zhu Yan
Published: February 2015

The column-switching system allows for convenient determination and calibration of STW parameters.
Carbon dot based nanopowders and their application for fingerprint recovery
Authors: Fernandes D. , Krysmann M. J. , Kelarakis A.
Published: February 2015

Hybrid nanopowders with a minor content of non-toxic carbogenic nanoparticles exhibit remarkable colour-tuneability with respect to the incident radiation.
Enhanced quantum yield of nitrogen fixation for hydrogen storage with in situ-formed carbonaceous radicals
Authors: Zhao Weirong , Xi Haiping , Zhang Meng , Li Yajun , Chen Jinsheng , Zhang Jing , Zhu Xi
Published: February 2015

N2 can be reduced to NH3, a green hydrogen storage material, using suitable photocatalysts and scavengers under UV irradiation.
An anodic aromatic C,C cross-coupling reaction using parallel laminar flow mode in a flow microreactor
Authors: Arai Toshihiro , Tateno Hiroyuki , Nakabayashi Koji , Kashiwagi Tsuneo , Atobe Mahito
Published: February 2015

An efficient anodic aromatic C,C cross-coupling reaction was successfully demonstrated by using parallel laminar flow mode in a two-inlet flow microreactor.
Assembly of noncentrosymmetric coordination polymers by the integration of acentric Ba(ii)/Sr(ii) and Li(i) coordination polyhedra
Authors: Song Ying , Lin Chen-Sheng , Zhang Ming-Jian , Wei Qi , Feng Mei-Ling , Huang Xiao-Ying
Published: February 2015

Presented is a strategy to construct noncentrosymmetric CPs through the integration of acentric [LiOxN4−x] and [BaOxNy] coordination polyhedraviabridging organic ligands.
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer to carbon atoms: nonadiabatic surface-hopping dynamics simulations
Authors: Xia Shu-Hua , Xie Bin-Bin , Fang Qiu , Cui Ganglong , Thiel Walter
Published: February 2015

The combined electronic structure computations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations show that excited-state intramolecular proton transfer to carbon atoms can be ultrafast.
Towards formation of fibrous woven memory devices from all-carbon electronic fibers
Authors: Li Ru , Sun Rui , Sun Yanyan , Gao Peng , Yongyi Zhang Yongyi Zhang , Zeng Zhongming , Li Qingwen
Published: February 2015

High performance all-carbon fibrous woven non-volatile memory devices were created based on carbon nanotube fibers and acid reduced graphene oxide.
Local structure of semicrystalline P3HT films probed by nanofocused coherent X-rays
Authors: Kurta Ruslan P. , Grodd Linda , Mikayelyan Eduard , Gorobtsov Oleg Y. , Zaluzhnyy Ivan A. , Fratoddi Ilaria , Venditti Iole , Russo Maria Vittoria , Sprung Michael , Vartanyants Ivan A. , Grigorian Souren
Published: February 2015

Spatially resolved x-ray study of semicrystalline P3HT films reveals nanoscale inhomogeneity of the conjugated network, as well as structural variations induced by Au nanoparticles.
Evaporation-induced self-assembling of few-layer graphene into a fractal-like conductive macro-network with a reduction of percolation threshold
Authors: Janowska I.
Published: February 2015

The evaporation-induced self-assembling of a few-layer graphene results in macroscopic branched fractal-like conductive patterns with reduced percolation thresholds.
Why are the {Cu4N4} rings in copper(i) phosphinimide clusters [Cu{μ-NPR3}]4(R = NMe3or Ph) planar?
Authors: Robinson Thomas P. , Price Richard D. , Davidson Matthew G. , Fox Mark A. , Johnson Andrew L.
Published: February 2015

The molecular structures of the new copper phosphinimide complexes [Cu{μ-NPR3}]4(1, R = NMe2and2, R = Ph) reveal the presence of planar eight-membered {Cu4N4} rings, which have been shown by DFT calculation to be due to steric factors rather than electronics.
Chiral crystallization and optical properties of three metal complexes based on two non-centrosymmetric tripodal ligands
Authors: Zhang Ming-Dao , Shi Zhi-Qiang , Chen Min-Dong , Zheng He-Gen
Published: February 2015

Three chiral coordination polymers 1–3 with novel architectures were constructed by asymmetric induction. Complex 3 can satisfy the fundamental requirement of second-order nonlinear optical material.
Chirality detection of two enantiomorphic 3D lanthanide coordination polymers by vibrational circular dichroism spectra
Authors: Zheng Xiu-Ying , Zhang Han , Cao Ling-Yun , Kong Xiang-Jian , Long La-Sheng , Zheng Lan-Sun
Published: February 2015

Two enantiomorphic 3D lanthanide coordination polymers with chiral helical chains were synthesized based on an achiral ligand. The absolute configurations of the two structures were evidenced by the observation of strong signals in vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra.
Fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide by ruthenium complexes bearing an NHC-based pincer ligand: formation of a methylcarbonato complex and its methylation
Authors: Arikawa Yasuhiro , Nakamura Takuo , Ogushi Shinji , Eguchi Kazushige , Umakoshi Keisuke
Published: February 2015

Capture of CO2 from air gave a methylcarbonato ruthenium complex, which was reacted with methylating reagents to release dimethylcarbonate.
Platinum and platinum based nanoalloys synthesized by wet chemistry
Authors: Salzemann Caroline , Kameche Farid , Ngo Anh-Tu , Andreazza Pascal , Calatayud Monica , Petit Christophe
Published: February 2015

Platinum nanocrystals and their derivatives with palladium and cobalt are of fundamental interest due to their wide field of application in chemistry and physics. Their properties are strongly dependent on their shape and composition. However the chemical route is far from allowing control of both shape and composition. In this paper, we show both experimentally and theoretically the important role of the interaction of small adsorbed molecules on the shape but also on the composition. This has been studied by comparing the case of pure palladium and platinum nanocrystals and the case of PtPd and PtCo nanoalloys synthesized by the liquid–liquid phase transfer method.
Mechanical milling as a technology to produce structural and functional bio-nanocomposites
Authors: Gorrasi Giuliana , Sorrentino Andrea
Published: February 2015

Mechanical milling as an ecological and economical alternative to achieve homogeneous dispersion of nano-fillers into sustainable polymers.
Manganese catalysed sulfenylation of N-methyl amides with arenesulfonyl hydrazides
Authors: Sun Jinwei , Wang Yi , Pan Yi
Published: February 2015

A convenient oxidative sulfenylation method for the formation of various sulfenyl amides has been reported.
Enantioselective synthesis of α-phenyl- and α-(dimethylphenylsilyl)alkylboronic esters by ligand mediated stereoinductive reagent-controlled homologation using configurationally labile carbenoids
Authors: Barsamian Adam L. , Wu Zhenhua , Blakemore Paul R.
Published: February 2015

Enantioselective chain extension of boronic esters with configurationally labile racemic carbenoids is achieved in the presence of scalemic bisoxazoline ligands.
Tunable green to red ZrO2:Er nanophosphors
Authors: Soares M. R. N. , Holz T. , Oliveira F. , Costa F. M. , Monteiro T.
Published: February 2015

Pulsed laser ablation in water was validated as an effective method to produced erbium-doped ZrO2nanoparticles with intense up-conversion luminescence.
Synergetic effect of ruthenium and basicity sites in the Ru–MgAl catalyst for hydrogen-free production of conjugated linoleic acids
Authors: Chen Jiebo , Chen Xinxiang , Zheng Ying , Li Qinglu
Published: February 2015

A series of Ru–MgAl composite oxide catalysts prepared by calcining the ruthenium grafted hydrotalcite-like precursor at various temperatures were used in the hydrogen-free production of conjugated linoleic acid.
Thermal and optical control of electronic states in a single layer of switchable paramagnetic molecules
Authors: Poneti Giordano , Poggini Lorenzo , Mannini Matteo , Cortigiani Brunetto , Sorace Lorenzo , Otero Edwige , Sainctavit Philippe , Magnani Agnese , Sessoli Roberta , Dei Andrea
Published: February 2015

Thermally and optically induced Valence Tautomeric interconversion has been observed for a monolayer of a cobalt–dioxolene complex on gold.
A size dependent evaluation of the cytotoxicity and uptake of nanographene oxide
Authors: Mendes Rafael Gregorio , Koch Britta , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Ma Xing , Sanchez Samuel , Damm Christine , Schmidt Oliver G. , Gemming Thomas , Eckert Jürgen , Rümmeli Mark H.
Published: February 2015

Different sizes of nanographene oxide flakes trigger different cytotoxicity response. Formation of big cellular vacuoles and cells increase size.
Lipid domains in model membranes: a brief historical perspective
Authors: Mouritsen Ole G. , Bagatolli Luis A.
Published: February 2015

All biological membranes consist of a complex composite of macromolecules and macromolecular assemblies, of which the fluid lipid-bilayer component is a core element with regard to cell encapsulation and barrier properties. The fluid lipid bilayer also supports the functional machinery of receptors, channels and pumps that are associated with the membrane. This bilayer is stabilized by weak physical and colloidal forces, and its nature is that of a self-assembled system of amphiphiles in water. Being only approximately 5 nm in thickness and still encapsulating a cell that is three orders of magnitude larger in diameter, the lipid bilayer as a material has very unusual physical properties, both in terms of structure and dynamics. Although the lipid bilayer is a fluid, it has a distinct and structured trans-bilayer profile, and in the plane of the bilayer the various molecular components, viz different lipid species and membrane proteins, have the capacity to organize laterally in terms of differentiated domains on different length and time scales. These elements of small-scale structure and order are crucial for the functioning of the membrane. It has turned out to be difficult to quantitatively study the small-scale structure of biological membranes. A major part of the insight into membrane micro- and nano-domains and the concepts used to describe them have hence come from studies of simple lipid bilayers as models of membranes, by use of a wide range of theoretical, experimental and simulational approaches. Many questions remain to be answered as to which extent the result from model studies can carry over to real biological membranes.
Super-resolution optical microscopy of lipid plasma membrane dynamics
Authors: Eggeling Christian
Published: February 2015

Plasma membrane dynamics are an important ruler of cellular activity, particularly through the interaction and diffusion dynamics of membrane-embedded proteins and lipids. FCS (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) on an optical (confocal) microscope is a popular tool for investigating such dynamics. Unfortunately, its full applicability is constrained by the limited spatial resolution of a conventional optical microscope. The present chapter depicts the combination of optical super-resolution STED (stimulated emission depletion) microscopy with FCS, and why it is an important tool for investigating molecular membrane dynamics in living cells. Compared with conventional FCS, the STED-FCS approach demonstrates an improved possibility to distinguish free from anomalous molecular diffusion, and thus to give new insights into lipid–protein interactions and the traditional lipid ‘raft’ theory.
Membrane nanodomains: contribution of curvature and interaction with proteins and cytoskeleton
Authors: Arumugam Senthil , Bassereau Patricia
Published: February 2015

The understanding of lipid membranes and their organization has undergone significant development with better techniques and therefore more resolved experiments. Many new factors and organizing principles have been discovered, and interplay between these factors is expected to result in rich functional behaviours. The major factors regulating the lateral membrane heterogeneity, apart from the well-studied phase separation, are cytoskeleton pinning, clustering of lipids and curvature. These factors are effective means to create membrane domains that provide rich biological functionality. We review the recent advances and concepts of membrane heterogeneity organization by curvature, cytoskeleton and clustering proteins.
Functions of cholera toxin B-subunit as a raft cross-linker
Authors: Day Charles A. , Kenworthy Anne K.
Published: February 2015

Lipid rafts are putative complexes of lipids and proteins in cellular membranes that are proposed to function in trafficking and signalling events. CTxB (cholera toxin B-subunit) has emerged as one of the most studied examples of a raft-associated protein. Consisting of the membrane-binding domain of cholera toxin, CTxB binds up to five copies of its lipid receptor on the plasma membrane of the host cell. This multivalency of binding gives the toxin the ability to reorganize underlying membrane structure by cross-linking otherwise small and transient lipid rafts. CTxB thus serves as a useful model for understanding the properties and functions of protein-stabilized domains. In the present chapter, we summarize current evidence that CTxB associates with and cross-links lipid rafts, discuss how CTxB binding modulates the architecture and dynamics of membrane domains, and describe the functional consequences of this cross-linking behaviour on toxin uptake into cells via endocytosis.
Membrane–cytoskeleton interactions in cholesterol-dependent domain formation
Authors: Byrum Jennifer N. , Rodgers William
Published: February 2015

Since the inception of the fluid mosaic model, cell membranes have come to be recognized as heterogeneous structures composed of discrete protein and lipid domains of various dimensions and biological functions. The structural and biological properties of membrane domains are represented by CDM (cholesterol-dependent membrane) domains, frequently referred to as membrane ‘rafts’. Biological functions attributed to CDMs include signal transduction. In T-cells, CDMs function in the regulation of the Src family kinase Lck (p56lck) by sequestering Lck from its activator CD45. Despite evidence of discrete CDM domains with specific functions, the mechanism by which they form and are maintained within a fluid and dynamic lipid bilayer is not completely understood. In the present chapter, we discuss recent advances showing that the actomyosin cytoskeleton has an integral role in the formation of CDM domains. Using Lck as a model, we also discuss recent findings regarding cytoskeleton-dependent CDM domain functions in protein regulation.
Caveolin-1, galectin-3 and lipid raft domains in cancer cell signalling
Authors: Shankar Jay , Boscher Cecile , Nabi Ivan R.
Published: February 2015

Spatial organization of the plasma membrane is an essential feature of the cellular response to external stimuli. Receptor organization at the cell surface mediates transmission of extracellular stimuli to intracellular signalling molecules and effectors that impact various cellular processes including cell differentiation, metabolism, growth, migration and apoptosis. Membrane domains include morphologically distinct plasma membrane invaginations such as clathrin-coated pits and caveolae, but also less well-defined domains such as lipid rafts and the galectin lattice. In the present chapter, we will discuss interaction between caveolae, lipid rafts and the galectin lattice in the control of cancer cell signalling.
siRNA suppression of hTERT using activatable cell-penetrating peptides in hepatoma cells
Authors: Li Hua , He Jiwen , Yi Huimin , Xiang Guoan , Chen Kaiyun , Fu Binsheng , Yang Yang , Chen Guihua
Published: February 2015

Activatable cell-penetrating peptides (aCPPs) allow non-viral, low cytotoxic and selective delivery of compounds into target cells for cancer therapy. In tumour cells, up-regulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) frequently occurs and is being considered as a target in cancer diagnosis and treatment. siRNA sequence that target hTERT mRNA can silence the gene and reduce hTERT protein expression to reduce cell proliferation and inhibit cell growth. In our study, we tested a matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MPP2) aCPP in delivering hTERT siRNA into hepatocellular carcinoma cells (SMMC-7721) to silence the hTERT gene. Cultured SMMC-7721 cells were transfected with a complex of aCPPs and hTERT-specific siRNA-encoding or control plasmids. Compared with cells treated with the complex of control plasmid–CPPs, cells treated with the hTERT-specific siRNA-encoding plasmid–CPP complex had a prolonged G1-phase, but a shorter G2/S-phase, indicating a G1-arrest. Treatment with the hTERT-specific siRNA resulted in a significant decrease (by 26%; P<0.05) in hTERT mRNA levels. The aCPPs tested in this study provides a non-viral delivery of siRNA into cancer cells to silence target genes in cancer therapy.
The Auditory Comprehension of
Wh
-Questions in Aphasia: Support for the Intervener Hypothesis
Authors: Sheppard Shannon M. , Walenski Matthew , Love Tracy , Shapiro Lewis P.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

This study examines 3 hypotheses about the processing of
wh
-questions in both neurologically healthy adults and adults with Broca's aphasia.

Method

We used an eye tracking while listening method with 32 unimpaired participants (Experiment 1) and 8 participants with Broca's aphasia (Experiment 2). Accuracy, response time, and online gaze data were collected.

Results

In Experiment 1, we established a baseline for how unimpaired processing and comprehension of 4 types of
wh-
question (subject- and object-extracted
who-
and
which-
questions) manifest. There was no unambiguous support found for any of the 3 hypotheses in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2 with the Broca's participants, however, we found significantly lower accuracy, slower response times, and increased interference in our gaze data in the object-extracted
which-
questions relative to the other conditions.

Conclusions

Our results provide support for the intervener hypothesis, which states that sentence constructions that contain an intervener (a lexical noun phrase) between a displaced noun phrase and its gap site result in a significant processing disadvantage relative to other constructions. We argue that this hypothesis offers a compelling explanation for the comprehension deficits seen in some participants with Broca's aphasia.
Cognitive Functions in Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Nijland Lian , Terband Hayo , Maassen Ben
Published: February 2015

Purpose

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is diagnosed on the basis of specific speech characteristics, in the absence of problems in hearing, intelligence, and language comprehension. This does not preclude the possibility that children with this speech disorder might demonstrate additional problems.

Method

Cognitive functions were investigated in 3 domains: complex sensorimotor and sequential memory functions, simple sensorimotor functions, and nonrelated control functions. Seventeen children with CAS were compared with 17 children with normal speech development at 2 occasions within 15 months.

Results

The children with CAS showed overall lower scores but similar improvement at Occasion 2 compared with the typically developing controls, indicating an overall delay in the development of cognitive functions. However, a specific deviant development in sequential abilities was found as well, indicated by significantly lower scores at Occasion 2 as compared with younger control children at Occasion 1. Furthermore, the scores on the complex sensorimotor and sequential memory tasks were significantly correlated with the severity of the speech impairment.

Conclusions

These results suggest that CAS involves a symptom complex that not only comprises errors of sequencing speech movements but implicates comorbidity in nonverbal sequential functioning in most children with CAS.
Individual Monitoring of Vocal Effort With Relative Fundamental Frequency: Relationships With Aerodynamics and Listener Perception
Authors: Lien Yu-An S. , Michener Carolyn M. , Eadie Tanya L. , Stepp Cara E.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

The acoustic measure relative fundamental frequency (RFF) was investigated as a potential objective measure to track variations in vocal effort within and across individuals.

Method

Twelve speakers with healthy voices created purposeful modulations in their vocal effort during speech tasks. RFF and an aerodynamic measure of vocal effort, the ratio of sound pressure level to subglottal pressure level, were estimated from the aerodynamic and acoustic signals. Twelve listeners also judged the speech samples for vocal effort using the visual sort and rate method.

Results

Relationships between RFF and both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort were weak across speakers (
R
2
= .06–.26). Within speakers, relationships were variable but much stronger on average (
R
2
= .45–.56).

Conclusions

RFF showed stronger relationships between both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort when examined within individuals versus across individuals. Future work is necessary to establish these relationships in individuals with voice disorders across the therapeutic process.
Time‐interpolated channel estimation for increasing channel capacity of superimposed training‐based precoding schemes
Authors: Kim Byung Wook , Jung Sung‐Yoon
Published: February 2015

This study proposes a time‐interpolated channel estimation method for the superimposed training‐based precoding scheme in slowly time‐varying channels. The regular inclusion of a superimposed training sequence, which is necessary for explicit time‐varying channel estimation, reduces the power allocated to information transmission. Therefore time‐interpolated channel estimation, where the transmission without a superimposed training symbol is performed during a few coherence times, makes very efficient use of transmitting power and possible gains in terms of capacity. A closed‐form solution of the periodicity of time‐interpolated channel estimation was derived using this method together with a Markov channel model. The simulation results confirmed that the use of the time‐interpolated channel estimation method improves the performance of channel capacity and possibly provides energy savings for mobile terminals.
Performance analysis of flexible reuse in cellular networks
Authors: Boddu Subbarao , Sekhar Das Suvra , Rajakumar Ratnam V.
Published: February 2015

Flexible frequency reuse schemes namely fractional frequency reuse (FFR) and soft frequency reuse (SFR) are suggested in the literature to improve the cell edge throughput over unity frequency reuse in orthogonal frequency division multiple access networks. In this study, the authors focus on real time (RT) traffic for which blocking probability and Erlang load are the important performance metrics. Both FFR and SFR have signal‐tointerference‐plus noise‐ratio (SINR) threshold and power ratio as important design parameters, whereas FFR has a bandwidth partitioning ratio as an additional parameter. They investigate the cell capacity and the cell edge performance in terms of Erlang load with blocking probability constraint brought about by the suitable choice of these parameters. They also analyze the fairness aspect which is a critical indicator of user satisfaction. They give a complete comparison between FFR and SFR for the cell edge as well as total cell for both RT and BE traffics. For RT traffic, with proper choice of the parameters, the cell edge and the total cell performance in FFR and SFR is improved by a notable gain over the reference scheme. For BE traffic, both schemes provide significant gains at cell edge over reuse one and reuse three schemes.
Sparse K‐best detector for generalised space shift keying in large‐scale multiple‐input–multiple‐output systems
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Wu Weimin , Sun Jun , Liu Yingzhuang
Published: February 2015

In this study, the authors propose a low complexity detector for the generalised space shift keying (GSSK) in large‐scale multiple‐input–multiple‐output systems. To be concrete, they propose a sparse K‐best (SK) detector based on the breadth‐first category of sphere detector (referred to K‐best sphere decoding). The author's detector is inspired by the fact that the GSSK signal is naturally a sparse zero‐one vector since only a few antennas are activated at the transmitter. Different with the conventional K‐best detector searching all the transmit antennas, their proposed SK detector investigates only a few promising candidates which are activated antennas at the transmitter. Overall, their proposed SK detector exploits not only the sparsity of the GSSK signal but also the constraint on its non‐zero values. Therefore the restricted isometry property‐based performance analysis shows that is effective in detecting the GSSK signal. Moreover, the empirical results show that their detector performs much better than the sparse algorithms‐based normalised compressive sensing (NCS) detectors while exhibits only slightly higher complexity than the latter (the low‐complexity orthogonal matching pursuit‐based NCS detector).
3‐Level cascaded voltage source converters controller with dispatcher droop feedback for direct current transmission grids
Authors: Jamshidifar Ali Akbar , Jovcic Dragan
Published: February 2015

The future direct current (DC) grids will require additional control functions on voltage source converters (VSC) in order to ensure stability and integrity of DC grids under wide range of disturbances. This study proposes a 3‐level cascaded control topology for all the VSC and DC/DC converters in DC grids. The inner control level regulates local current which prevents converter overload. The middle control level uses fast proportional integral feedback control of local DC voltage on each terminal which is essential for the grid stability. The hard limits (suggested ±5%) on voltage reference will ensure that DC voltage at all terminals is kept within narrow band under all contingencies. At the highest level, each station follows power reference which is received from the dispatcher. It is proposed to locate voltage droop power reference adjustment at a central dispatcher, to maintain average DC voltage in the grid and to ensure optimal power flow in the grid. This slow control function has minimal impact on stability. Performance of the proposed control is tested on PSCAD/EMTDC model of the CIGRE B4 DC grid test system. A number of severe outages are simulated and both steady‐state variables and transient responses are observed and compared against conventional droop control method. The comparison verifies superior performance of the proposed control topology.
Effect of commutation failure on the distance protection and the countermeasures
Authors: Huang Shao‐feng , Shen Hong‐ming , Fei Bin , Li Ou
Published: February 2015

Commutation failure (CF) may be caused by AC fault in AC/DC interconnected system, and it will affect the performance of distance protection. The transient characteristic of equivalent current of power‐frequency of the dc–ac inverter is first analysed by introducing the concept of quadrant. Then, the effect of CF on distance protection is studied in detail with consideration of the connection mode of distance relay. The analysis results show that both the fault position and fault resistance contribute to the effect of CF on the performance of distance protection significantly. Furthermore, a novel countermeasure based on the amplitude of second harmonic is put forward, and a concept of ‘successive trip’ by using the change of measured reactance is also presented. Simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC prove the correctness of these conclusions.
Application of data envelopment analysis theorem in plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle charging station planning
Authors: Khalkhali Kazem , Abapour Saeed , Moghaddas‐Tafreshi Seyed Masoud , Abapour Mehdi
Published: February 2015

In the near future, millions of electric vehicles (EVs), especially plug‐in hybrid EVs (PHEVs), will be integrated into the electrical system. Such an increase in the demand for energy will require optimised management of distribution networks. This study presents a new formulation to determine the optimal size and location of PHEV charging stations to maximise the distribution system manager (DSM) benefit. A two‐stage procedure has been considered to optimise PHEV charging station planning. In the first stage, the candidate locations and their size are determined based on: (i) the sum of benefits from the appropriate use of charging station for charging and discharging of vehicles and (ii) the benefit of providing spinning reserve and supplying the network's load demand at peak times by DSM. In the next stage, an improved framework is proposed to classify charging stations into efficient and inefficient sets characterised by non‐financial indices. The proposed method is data envelopment analysis efficiency and three indices, including active power loss, voltage profile improvement and CO2 emission. The suggested model is successfully applied to a test system with nine buses. Simulation results show that appropriate planning results in economic benefits as well as improvements in active power losses and the voltage profile.
Improved weak space object tracking assisted by strong target
Authors: Zeng Tao , Li Chunxia , Liu Quanhua , Chen Xinliang
Published: February 2015

Radar sensor is a promising candidate for space surveillance, providing timely assessment of space objects and events. Weak space target tracking is a challenging conundrum mainly because of the low detection probability and poor measurement accuracy. In this study, a novel method of weak space target tracking assisted by strong space target is proposed. By introducing the relative motion tracking, the steady‐state estimates of strong target are utilised to improve the state estimation of weak target. Compared with weak target tracking without strong target assistance, the proposed tracking method can provide higher state estimation accuracy, faster convergence rate and better track validity probability for weak target. The results of numerical simulations have validated the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Network synchronization of time-delayed coupled nonlinear systems using predictor-based diffusive dynamic couplings
Authors: Murguia C. , Fey Rob H. B. , Nijmeijer H.
Published: February 2015

We study the problem of controlled network synchronization of coupled semipassive systems in the case when the outputs (the coupling variables) and the inputs are subject to constant time-delay (as it is often the case in a networked context). Predictor-based dynamic output feedback controllers are proposed to interconnect the systems on a given network. Using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the notion of semipassivity, we prove that under some mild assumptions, the solutions of the interconnected systems are globally ultimately bounded. Sufficient conditions on the systems to be interconnected, on the network topology, on the coupling dynamics, and on the time-delays that guarantee global state synchronization are derived. A local analysis is provided in which we compare the performance of our predictor-based control scheme against the existing static diffusive couplings available in the literature. We show (locally) that the time-delay that can be induced to the network may be increased by including the predictors in the loop. The results are illustrated by computer simulations of coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons.
Statistical mechanics of Hamiltonian adaptive resolution simulations
Authors: Español P. , Delgado-Buscalioni R. , Everaers R. , Potestio R. , Donadio D. , Kremer K.
Published: February 2015

The Adaptive Resolution Scheme (AdResS) is a hybrid scheme that allows to treat a molecular system with different levels of resolution depending on the location of the molecules. The construction of a Hamiltonian based on the this idea (H-AdResS) allows one to formulate the usual tools of ensembles and statistical mechanics. We present a number of exact and approximate results that provide a statistical mechanics foundation for this simulation method. We also present simulation results that illustrate the theory.
A highly contrasting scanning helium microscope
Authors: Fahy A. , Barr M. , Martens J. , Dastoor P. C.
Published: February 2015

We present a scanning helium microscope equipped to make use of the unique contrast mechanisms, surface sensitivity, and zero damage imaging the technique affords. The new design delivers an order of magnitude increase in the available helium signal, yielding a higher contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. These improvements allow the microscope to produce high quality, intuitive images of samples using topological contrast, while setting the stage for investigations into further contrast mechanisms.
A comparison between bipolar transistor and nanowire field effect transistor biosensors
Authors: Zafar Sufi , Khater Marwan , Jain Vibhor , Ning Tak
Published: February 2015

Important performance metrics, such as sensitivity and signal to noise ratio (SNR) of bipolar transistor based biosensors, are compared to those for nanowire field effect transistor (FET) sensors. The sensor consists of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with silicon germanium base connected to a sensing surface in contact with the solution. The measured sensitivity is ≥2 times and SNR is >20 times higher in comparison to those for nanowire FET sensors. More importantly, the HBT biosensor sensitivity is constant over the sensing range of ∼5 decades and depends only on the temperature. In comparison, the nanowire FET sensor sensitivity varies in a complex manner over the sensing range and exhibits significant fabrication induced sensor to sensor variations. Consequently, HBT sensors would require minimal calibration for quantitative sensing studies. Furthermore, the bipolar transistor SNR is not only significantly higher but is also constant over the sensing range. In comparison, the nanowire FET sensor SNR varies with the peak value confined over a narrow sensing range. Hence, HBT sensor has <20 times lower detection limit that remains constant over the sensing range. In summary, HBT sensors are demonstrated to have superior performance metrics and are better suited for quantitative studies. Lastly, these HBT sensors also provide simultaneous temperature measurement.
Flat plate boundary layer transition induced by a controlled near-wall circular cylinder wake
Authors: He Guo-Sheng , Wang Jin-Jun
Published: February 2015

The flat plate boundary layer transition induced by the wake of a circular cylinder close to the wall is experimentally investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and hydrogen bubble visualization techniques. The wake of the circular cylinder is controlled by a slot synthetic jet at the rear stagnation point of the circular cylinder. It is found that when the synthetic jet is actuated, the wake can be greatly modified. When the excitation frequency of the synthetic jet is set at the natural shedding frequency of the cylinder wake, the symmetrical shedding pattern can be observed. While the excitation frequency increases to be twice of the natural shedding frequency, the wake appears to be antisymmetrical again, but with the shedding frequency locked onto half of the excitation frequency. Flow visualizations show that spanwise secondary vortices can be induced in the near wall region by these large scale vortices in the wake. It is found that the secondary vortices destabilize into streamwise stretched Λ vortices as they convect downstream. After the introduction of the synthetic jet, the destabilization process is promoted. By investigating the disturbance growth inside the boundary layer, it reveals that the synthetic jet can cause earlier initialization of the disturbance growth, thus promoting the transition process of the boundary layer. An explanation is provided that the low frequency components of the wake disturbances, which interact with the boundary layer, are enhanced by the introduction of the synthetic jet. Therefore, the destabilization of the secondary vortices is promoted, and disturbance growth in the boundary layer initiates earlier.