bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Removing the Photograph and Name Change the Reviewer's Perception of Orthopaedic Residency Applicants?
Authors: Caldwell Lindsey S. , Garcia-Fleury Ignacio , An Qiang , Lawler Ericka A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Orthopaedic surgery remains the least diverse field in medicine regarding female and minority representation. Scarce literature exists evaluating the role of implicit bias in the residency application process. We hypothesized that applicants perceived as underrepresented minorities in orthopaedic surgery (URMs) based on their photograph or name would have a decreased likelihood of being invited to interview.

Methods:

Data from the 2018 to 2019 orthopaedic residency application cycle were collected from a single institution. Applications were classified URM or non-URM. After the application cycle was completed, the URM applications were propensity matched with non-URM applicants. Photographs and names were removed, and the applications were rereviewed by the Residency Applicant Review committee. Rank-in-group and the likelihood of being invited for an interview were compared.

Results:

Four hundred eleven applications were included with 27.5% URM and 72.5% non-URM. During the regular application cycle, 34.7% of those invited to interview were URM and 50% of those who were ranked-to-match range were URM. After propensity matching, 90 matched pairs were rereviewed with their photograph and name removed. In the regular application cycle, the URM applicant was 3.8 times more likely to get an interview than the matched non-URM applicant (odds ratio, 3.8, 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 8.8, P = 0.0014). In the “blinded” condition, the URM candidate was 2.5 times more likely to get an interview than the non-URM candidate (odds ratio, 2.5, 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 6.2 P = 0.034). In the unblinded condition, the URM candidate had a higher ranking within their group than the corresponding non-URM applicant (P = 0.0005).

Discussion:

Contrary to our initial hypothesis, URM applicants were invited to interview at a higher rate than non-URM applicants, both in the regular application cycle and in the propensity-matched “blinded” condition. This suggests that implicit bias based on the picture or name is not negatively affecting URM students during the application review process at our institution.

Level of Evidence:

3
The behaviour of reinforced concrete beams under cyclic loading
Authors: Fenwick R. C. , Fong A.
Published: January 2021

The behaviour of beams in which plastic hinges are formed under cyclic loading is examined. The results are reported of five beam tests, in which the shear stress level was varied. It is shown that even relatively low shear stress levels have a significant influence on beam behaviour. Two main effects of shear are to reduce the ability of the hinge to dissipate energy and to reduce the stiffness of the beams at low load levels.. The degradation in shear under cyclic loading is accompanied by an appreciable growth in length of the beam.
Do androgen-directed therapies improve outcomes in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nayak Ameeta L. , Flaman Anathea S. , Mallick Ranjeeta , Lavallée Luke T. , Fergusson Dean A. , Cagiannos Ilias , Morash Chris , Breau Rodney H.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Approximately 50% of patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer are treated with radical prostatectomy. While some men will be cured with surgery alone, a substantial proportion will experience cancer recurrence. Androgen-directed therapy (ADT) is an effective adjuvant therapy for patients treated with prostate radiation. Comparatively, the efficacy of ADT in surgical patients has not been well studied.

Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to July 2020 was performed. Randomized trials comparing ADT with radical prostatectomy vs. prostatectomy alone in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were included. Neoadjuvant ADT and adjuvant ADT interventions were assessed separately. The primary outcomes were cancer recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Pathologic outcomes following neoadjuvant ADT were also evaluated.

Results: Fifteen randomized trials met eligibility criteria; 11 evaluated neoadjuvant ADT (n=2322) and four evaluated adjuvant ADT (n=5205). Neoadjuvant ADT (three months of treatment) did not improve RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–1.11) or OS (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.62–2.41). Neoadjuvant ADT significantly decreased the risk of positive surgical margins (relative risk [RR] 0.48, 95% CI 0.41–0.56) and extraprostatic tumor extension (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64–0.89). Adjuvant ADT improved RFS (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.93) but did not improve OS (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.84–1.24).

Conclusions: Neoadjuvant ADT causes a pathologic downstaging of prostate tumors, but has not been found to delay cancer recurrence nor extend survival. Few studies evaluated adjuvant ADT. Trials are needed to determine the benefits and harms of intermediate or long-term adjuvant ADT for radical prostatectomy patients.
A Cognitive Approach to Diversity: Investigating the Impact of Board of Directors’ Educational and Functional Heterogeneity on Innovation Performance
Authors: Belkacemi Ramzi , Bouzinab Kamal , Papadopoulos Andrew
Published: January 2021

Boards’ diversity has been studied mainly through the prism of ethics, which translated into a focus on characteristics such as gender and ethnicity. However, when the goal is to explain organizational outcomes, the cognitive approach seems more pertinent. Thus, rooted in a resource dependency perspective, this paper investigates the potential impact of directors’ deep level diversity (functional and educational diversity) on innovation performance based on an international sample of 97 firms for a total of 1027 directors. The findings highlight the negative effect of functional diversity (measured by diversity in the sectors of expertise), and on the opposite, the positive impact of educational diversity (measured by diversity in the fields of study) on innovation performance. This study also shows that the environment in which organizations evolve, both at the internal and external level, is crucial when it comes to innovation performance. These results are robust in that they remain consistent after addressing some potential endogeneity issues and have critical implications for both the professional and academic world.
Analysis of Subject-Verb Agreement Errors in Third Person Singular Verb Forms by Spanish University Students: A Corpus-Based Study
Authors: Pérez Sidoní López
Published: January 2021

This study is aimed at analyzing subject-verb agreement (SVA) errors with third person singular lexical verbs in the Present Simple by Spanish higher-education students in a computerized learner corpus from Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR). The corpus is composed of 155 participants and 246 writing samples and it consists of the students’ spontaneous writings in response to a compulsory online forum from the nonlinguistic subject, ICT Tools Applied to the Learning of English, which is included in the curriculum of the Degree in Early Years Education. The SVA errors found in the corpus were classified according to Dulay, Burt and Krashen’s (1982) Surface Strategy Taxonomy, which groups language errors into four different types: omission, addition, misformation and misordering. The results show that the most frequent type of error made by the students is misformation, followed by misordering and by addition, which account for almost 95% of the total number of errors, whereas omission is the least frequent type of error, accounting for only 5% of all the errors. At the same time, the analysis indicates that the errors produced by the students are mainly intralingual, reflecting an inadequate or incomplete learning of the target language, and also interlingual since some errors committed by the learners are related to native language (NL) transfer. These results suggest some pedagogical implications for the teaching and learning of SVA rules which are also included in the paper.
Impact of COVID-19 on TB active case finding in Nigeria
Authors: Odume B. , Falokun V. , Chukwuogo O. , Ogbudebe C. , Useni S. , Nwokoye N. , Aniwada E. , Olusola Faleye B. , Okekearu I. , Nongo D. , Odusote T. , Lawanson A.
Published: January 2021

Background: Active TB case finding (ACF) is a key strategy employed by the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (NTBLCP) to address the increasing gap in TB case finding in Nigeria. KNCV TB foundation Nigeria rolled out two high-impact ACF interventions; TB Surge
and the Wellness on Wheels (WoW) campaigns from January 2020.Method: The TB Surge intervention supports the engagement of ad hoc staff for TB ACF. The WoW campaign employs a mobile diagnostic unit to deliver care to the doorstep of people at risk of TB. Data along the TB cascade
are recorded for all clients using the CommCare app. Cochran-Armitage χ2 test for linear trend was used to assess the significance declining trends along the TB cascade.Results: There was a progressive decrease of respectively 63%, 64%, 73% and 72% in clinic attendance,
presumptive TB identification, TB cases detected and treatment initiation for the TB Surge ACF intervention since the emergence of coronavirus; a similar decrease was noted for the WoW intervention. Trend analysis showed a significant decline in trends for both interventions for all variables
(P < 0.001)Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic has impacted negatively on TB services in Nigeria. The TB programme could leverage some resources used to combat the epidemic such as digital health technology and funds, and work towards strengthening patient-centred approach
to care to limit the challenges that COVID-19 presents to TB control.
Urgent need to improve programmatic management of patients with HIV failing first-line antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Sunpath H. , Hatlen T. J. , Moosa M-Y. S. , Murphy R. A. , Siedner M. , Naidoo K.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Delayed identification and response to virologic failure in case of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings is a threat to the health of HIV-infected patients. There is a need for the implementation of an effective, standardized response
pathway in the public sector.Discussion: We evaluated published cohorts describing virologic failure on first-line ART. We focused on gaps in the detection and management of treatment failure, and posited ways to close these gaps, keeping in mind scalability and standardization.
Specific shortcomings repeatedly recorded included early loss to follow-up (>20%) after recognized first-line ART virologic failure; frequent delays in confirmatory viral load testing; and excessive time between the confirmation of first-line ART failure and initiation of second-line ART,
which exceeded 1 year in some cases. Strategies emphasizing patient tracing, resistance testing, drug concentration monitoring, adherence interventions, and streamlined response pathways for those failing therapy are further discussed.Conclusion: Comprehensive, evidence-based, clinical
operational plans must be devised based on findings from existing research and further tested through implementation science research. Until this standard of evidence is available and implemented, high rates of losses from delays in appropriate switch to second-line ART will remain unacceptably
common and a threat to the success of global HIV treatment programs.
COVID-19 Among Patients With Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mirzaie Hossein , Vahidi Mohammad , Shokoohi Mostafa , Darvishian Maryam , Sharifi Hamid , Sharafi Heidar , Karamouzian Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Context: Hepatic manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are common among people living with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Objectives: This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence on COVID-19 patients living with HBV or HCV co-infections. Data Sources: We searched multiple electronic databases and preprint servers from December 1, 2019, to August 9, 2020. Study Selection: Studies were included if they reported quantitative empirical data on COVID-19 patients living with HBV or HCV co-infections. Data Extraction: Descriptive analyses were reported, and data were synthesized narratively. The quality assessment was completed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Results: Out of the 941 uniquely identified records, 27 studies were included. Of the eligible studies, 232 COVID-19 patients were living with HBV and 22 were living with HCV. Most patients were male, and the mean age was 49.8 and 62.8 years in patients living with HBV and HCV, respectively. Among the reported cases of SARS-CoV-2-HBV co-infection, the proportions of death were 4.7% and 15% in cross-sectional and case series/report studies, respectively. The death proportion was 8.3% among the reported cases of SARS-CoV-2-HCV co-infection. Among COVID-19 patients, 34.1% and 76.2% reported at least one comorbidity besides HBV and HCV infections, mainly hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The most common COVID-19-related symptoms in both HBV and HCV groups were fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions: While understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 requires further investigations, the careful assessment of hepatic manifestations and chronic infections, such as HBV and HCV upon the admission of COVID-19 patients could help reduce multimorbidity among HBV or HCV patients and lead to more favorable health outcomes among them.
Tokophobia in Fathers: A Narrative Review
Authors: Masoumi Maryam , Elyasi Forouzan
Published: January 2021

Context: Tokophobia is an intense fear of childbirth that may result in considerable outcomes. This phenomenon may also be observed in fathers. However, studies are infrequent on tokophobia frequency and its related factors in fathers. Therefore, this study aimed to address tokophobia in fathers. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive literature search was performed in databanks such as Ovid and Google Scholar, as well as electronic databases including PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Science Direct, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Barakat (IranMedex), without time limit. Articles were published between 1988 and 2020. Results: Initially, 150 studies were recruited, and finally, 55 of them remained for the final appraisal after omitting unrelated studies. The findings from related studies were organized as the epidemiology of tokophobia in men, biopsychosocial etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of tokophobia in men. Considering the tendency of fathers to hide tokophobia, providing suitable knowledge and support from health providers can probably retain the trust in this population and help them cope with tokophobia. Conclusions: During pregnancy, fathers may suffer from fear of childbirth that can impact their health and abilities. Thus, during counseling and prenatal care, the providers should pay attention to fathers.
Effects of Coronaviruses on the Kidney: A Hypothesis for COVID-19 Induce Nephropathology Except for ACE2 Receptor
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Hadis , Chenani Narges , Oroojan Ali Akbar
Published: January 2021

Context: Coronavirus (CoV), as a respiratory-related infectious disease, can be transferred to different animal species subsequently adapted to humans. This virus induces renal disorders such as nephritis. This scoping review investigated the effect of these viruses, especially SARS-CoV-2, in inducing kidney damage and its probable cellular mechanism of action other than the ACE2 receptor. Evidence Acquisition: This scoping review was conducted using Arksey and Omally’s methodology and PRISMA-SCR checklist. To achieve the aim of the study, English articles in the PubMed database were searched until November 2019 by utilization of the MeSH term system, including four groups of search terms of coronavirus, COVID-19, and kidney and in combination with each other. Results: After deleting the similar articles (n = 561634), 9,426 of them were selected for the screening and title and abstract review. A total of 75 studies were selected, and 37 remained, 54% of which was between “2010 - 2020” and 46% between “1990 - 2010”, and the study population was 24% human, 31% animal, and 45% cellular. Moreover, 66% of the studies were not cited because of their cellularity and age. Conclusions: The present review showed that coronaviruses such as HCv-OC43, HCoV-229E, and TGV induced several kidney injuries, including glomerulonephropathy and proximal tubule destruction through APN expression. Therefore, according to the similar effects of SARS-CoV-2 to other coronaviruses on inducing kidney damages, it could be suggested that this type of coronavirus might produce its pathological effects via the expression of APN in addition to the ACE2 receptor.
ACRL candidates for 2021: A look at who’s running
Authors: Of College and Research Libraries Association
Published: January 2021

Emily Daly is the head of assessment and user experience at Duke University Libraries, a position she has held since 2013. Prior to this, Daly served at Duke University Libraries as interim head of instruction and outreach (2012) and coordinator of upper-level instruction (2006–12). She also served as media coordinator at Southern High School in Durham, North Carolina (2005–06).Erin L. Ellis is the associate dean of research and learning services at Indiana University, a position she has held since 2018. Prior to this, Ellis held various positions at the University of Kansas, including associate dean of research and learning (2013–18), head of instructional services (2009–13), and social sciences librarian (2005–09).
Academic libraries and research in flux: Global conversations in times of COVID-19
Authors: Pendse Liladhar R.
Published: January 2021

In March 2020, Alameda County, where the University of California (UC)-Berkeley is located, issued a shelter in place order as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The UC-Berkeley Library was one of the first libraries in the United States to deal effectively with the new normal that was mandated by local, state, and federal public health officials, shifting to the virtual provision of its services such as instruction, research consultation, and accelerated e-resource acquisition. Library administration encouraged staff to think creatively, to not only provide our services to faculty, users, and students, but also to bridge the physical gap through virtual media to foster collaboration among the community of international librarians.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Kromer Kathi
Published: January 2021

Final COVID relief package in 2020Federal budget update: FY20212020 elections and libraries
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: January 2021

Welcome to the January 2021 issue of C&RL News. As we move out of the unprecedented year that was 2020, it is time to look to the future, perhaps through New Year’s resolutions. One possible resolution could be to finally start (or finish) that research project or article that you’ve been planning forever. Amanda Izenstark, Ann Agee, Holly Jackson, Anna Sandelli, and Lindsay Roberts start out this month’s issue with advice for writing and researching in “So you want to publish.”
Preventing rollover phenomenon with an active anti-roll bar system using electro-hydraulic actuators: A full car model
Authors: Vu Van
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the role of the active anti-roll bar system in order to enhance the roll stability of cars, thereby preventing rollover phenomenon in high speed emergency situations. First, an integrated full car model is proposed including the longitudinal, lateral, vertical motions and an electro-hydraulic actuator model. In this full car model, the control signal being the input current which is supplied to the actuators to create the active torques to improve the car's stability. This is the most general model in theory to study this active roll control system and is a big step forward compared to previous related studies. The optimal LQR control method has then been used to synthesize the controller based on the integrated model with 26 degrees of freedom. The criteria used to assess the vehicle roll stability are the sprung mass roll angle and the interactive force between the wheels and the road surface. The simulation results in the frequency domain and the validation in the time domain through the CarSim software's nonlinear car model clearly show the advantages of this active system with an optimal LQR controller in preventing vehicle rollover.
Diode Laser—Can It Replace the Electrical Current Used in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection? (with Video)
Authors: Jung Yunho , Baik Gwang Ho , Ko Weon Jin , Ko Bong Min , Kim Seong Hwan , Jang Jin Seok , Jang Jae-Young , Lee Wan-Sik , Cho Young Kwan , Lim Sun Gyo , Moon Hee Seok , Yoo In Kyung , Cho Joo Young
Published: January 2021

Background/Aims: A new medical fiber-guided diode laser system (FDLS) is expected to offer high-precision cutting with simultaneous hemostasis. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the 1,940-nm FDLS to perform endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal model.Methods: In this prospective animal pilot study, gastric and colorectal ESD using the FDLS was performed in ex vivo and in vivo porcine models. The completeness of en bloc resection, the procedure time, intraprocedural bleeding, histological injuries to the muscularis propria (MP) layer, and perforation were assessed.Results: The en bloc resection and perforation rates in the ex vivo study were 100% (10/10) and 10% (1/10), respectively; those in the in vivo study were 100% (4/4) and 0% for gastric ESD and 100% (4/4) and 25% (1/4) for rectal ESD, respectively. Deep MP layer injuries tended to occur more frequently in the rectal than in the gastric ESD cases, and no intraprocedural bleeding occurred in either group.Conclusions: The 1,940-nm FDLS was capable of yielding high en bloc resection rates without intraprocedural bleeding during gastric and colorectal ESD in animal models.
Effect of audio and audio-visual distraction aids in reducing anxiety during pedodontic care
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Mani Geo
Published: January 2021

The use of audio-visual and audio distraction tools can lead to the improvement of the quality of treatment and benefit both the dentist and the patient. It is of interest to evaluate the anxiety levels using audio and audio-visual distraction aids during pedodontic care. We collected data on 30 children between 6 to 12 years old. Subjects were randomly assigned into three groups of ten each. The three groups were control group, audio distraction group and audio-visual distraction group. The pulse rate of all the patients were assessed, Venham’s picture test and Venham’s Clinical Rating scale was recorded for all the subjects during the first and second visits. A statistically significant (p<0.01) difference in pulse rates was observed when audio and audio-visual groups were used during treatment. This implies that distraction aids help to reduce the levels of anxiety pedodontic care.
Prevalence of oral mucocele among outpatients at Saveetha Dental Hospital, India
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Jain Ravindra Kumar
Published: January 2021

Oral mucoceles are the most common benign minor salivary gland lesions. It is of interest to document the prevalence of oral mucocele among outpatients at the Saveetha Dental Hospital, India. We used patient data (12 case records) with mucocele occurrence for this analysis. Data included age, gender, diagnosis, lesion duration and relevant dental history. Data shows that oral mucocele were seen predominantly in males (66%) when compared to females (34%). The most affected site in the oral cavity was the lower lip (58%). Thus, data shows that oral mucocele was predominantly seen in males compared to females. Data also shows that the lower lip is often affected.
Association between the site of occurrence and pathological TNM staging in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University 162, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai 600077, Hannah R
Published: January 2021

Oral cancer is a worldwide health problem. Risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are tobacco, alcohol, betel nuts, viral infection and dietary habit. The site of occurence of the OSCC differs substantially between different people groups mainly because of variations in the prevalence of risk factors. The prognosis varies based on the site. pTNM is also one of the most useful tools for the prediction of prognosis. Therefore, it is of interest to correlate the pTNM staging with the site of occurrence of the lesion using 36 OSCC case reports. The results revealed 36.11% of the lesion occurred in buccal mucosa. Stage III pTNM was most prevalent in buccal mucosa and tongue and Stage IV pTNM in the retromolar trigone region by significant association with p value < 0.05. Thus, we report that lesions occurring in the Retromolar region, tongue and buccal mucosa need to be given special attention, as they are associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment protocol will improve the quality of life for the patients.
Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant effect and cytotoxicity of Ocimum sanctum intra oral gel for combating periodontal diseases
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Ramamurthy Jaiganesh
Published: January 2021

It is of interest to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant effect and cytotoxicity of Ocimum sanctum (an Indian herb, Thulsi) intra oral gel in combating periodontal diseases. Hence, 2% of O. sanctum gel was prepared with Carbopol940 soaked in purified water containing 0.2% w/v sodium benzoate overnight. Hydroxy proplyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) solution was mixed with propylene glycol using using tissue homogenizer. Anti-oxidant effect was analyzed using DPPH radical assay and anti-inflammatory effect was assessed using the inhibition of albumin denaturation assay. Ocimum sanctum gel with various dilutions from10 micro litres to 50 micro litres showed exponential increase in percentage of inhibition from 60.9 to 72.2 exhibiting antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory effect of Ocimum sanctum gel showed comparatively equivalent effect with standard diclofenac gel with values ranging from 76.6 for 50 micro liters of Ocimum sanctum gel and 89.6 for standard gel at 50 micro liters. Ocimum sanctum showed less toxicity towards brine shrimp nauplii. Thus we show that Ocimum sanctum gel showed potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect and less toxic to brine shrimp nauplii as a promising agent for the treatment of periodontal diseases.
Association of occlusal wear facets in patients with temporomandibular disorders
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Fathima Faazila
Published: January 2021

Occlusal changes were important factors in temporomandibular disorder (TMD). It is of interest to evaluate the association of occlusal wear facets in TMD patients. We used a dataset of 49 patients with and without TMD for this study. Occlusal wear facets were evaluated using Smith and Knight tooth wear index. Data shows that teeth wear was present more in patients with TMD (55%). The age group 26-40 years showed high prevalence of teeth wear (grade1) in TMD patients (P value = 0.034). TMD was present more in females than males. Female (54%) patients with TMD showed more teeth wear compared to males. Most patients with TMD showed posterior teeth wear (61%) than generalized teeth wear. Thus, association was present between occlusal teeth wear and TMD patients especially in the age group of 26-40 years. Hence, proper evaluation of occlusal factors will aid in early diagnosis of TMDs.
Single visit versus multiple visit root canal
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Abd Rahman Fahmida Binti
Published: January 2021

Single visit endodontics offers many advantages over multi visit treatment. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the preference of single visit over multiple visit root canals. We used 86,000 patient records and selected 9017 records matching the inclusion criteria for the analysis using statistical tools (Chi square test at p value<0.05). Data shows that people between 26 to 45 years are often affected with dental caries. Available data is biased towards multi visits rather than single visit regardless number of canals.
Comparative analysis of different impression techniques in relation to single tooth impression
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Merchant Aman
Published: January 2021

It is of interest to compare the accuracy of three different impression techniques for a single tooth impression. We used 3 groups with 15 samples each in this study. Group 1: Putty and light body in a sectional stock tray; Group 2: Monophase and extra light body in a sectional stock tray; Group 3: Matrix impression technique. 15 impressions were taken of a prepared tooth on a typodont with each technique. The dimensions of the casts poured from these impression techniques were compared with the control typodont tooth. Data analysis shows that the matrix impression technique gave the best results in terms of dimensional study followed by monophase and extra light body impression technique and putty and light body impression technique gave the least accurate results. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the three impression techniques in terms of dimensional stability. Data analysis shows that the matrix impression technique gave the best results in terms of dimensional study followed by monophase and extra light body impression technique and putty and light body impression technique gave the least accurate results. The variations between the groups are within acceptable limits. Hence, it can be concluded that all the impression techniques will result in adequate dimensional stability and can be used in clinical scenarios.
The oral health hygiene data among the paliyan and pulayan tribes in India
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Dorai Kannan Srisakthi
Published: January 2021

It is of interest to document the The Oral Health heigene data among the paliyan and pulayan tribes in India. The Paliyan and Pulayan tribes inhabit a narrow strip of Western Ghats in the hilly regions of Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Tirunelveli and Virudhunagar districts of Tamil Nadu. Subjects aged 5yrs and above are used in this study. The WHO assessment form was used to assess the oral health status. Results show that 589 (58%) ignored the oral health problems, 225 (22.2%) relied on self-medications, 142 (14%) consulted a general physician, 35 (3.5%) had visited a dentist and the remaining 23 (2.3%) were dependent upon over the counter medications from a pharmacy. Thus, the prosthetic need was highest among the 55 + yrs age group, 36 (48.6%) required maxillary prosthesis and 21 (28.4%) required mandibular prosthesis.
Correlation of soft tissue biotype with pink aesthetic score in single full veneer crown
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Maiti Subhabrata
Published: January 2021

It is of interest to document the correlation of soft tissue biotype with pink esthetic score in single full veneer crown in Indian population. Hence, a Cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in an institution, on randomly selected individuals from a data collection of 86000 patient data. Scalloped and thin gingival biotype was present in 62.1 % patients and flat and thick was present in 37.9% individuals according to Anon and Ross Classification. Pink esthetic score didn't give any significant value in single crown cases where 85% cases had a good pink aesthetic score. Thus, the rightness of the PES index for the objective outcome assessment of the esthetic dimension of anterior single-tooth crown was confirmed. However, many randomized clinical trials are needed to further validate and refine this index for its clinical use in prosthetic rehabilitation.
Management of recurrent aphthous ulcer using corticosteroids, local anesthetics and nutritional supplements
Authors:   Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Prathoshini Manthra
Published: January 2021

Recurrent Aphthous ulcers are the most common oral lesions among dental patients. The ulcers, which usually occur on the nonkeratinized oral mucosa, can cause considerable pain and may interfere with eating, speaking, and swallowing. Therefore, it is of interest to report data on the management of recurrent aphthous ulcer using corticosteroids, local anesthetics and nutritional supplements. Case sheets of 76 patients who underwent treatment for recurrent aphthous ulcer between June 2019 and March 2020 at the Saveetha Dental College, India were used in this analysis. Data was analyzed using Chi square test at a P value < 0.05 that is statistically significant. Results show that topical anaesthetics in population (49%) were more effective that corticosteroids. Thus, topical anaesthetics are recommended for recurrent aphthous ulcer.
Análisis de la organización de los intangibles en las empresas cotizadas de España
Authors: Fontán Gallardo Clara , García Sahagún Marta , Benavides Juan
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This article presents the results of an investigation whose main objective has been to know the status of the communication department and, more specifically, how the areas that deal with intangible assets of listed companies in Spain are distributed.

Design / Methodology / Approach: For this objective, a review of national and international bibliographic sources has been carried out, as well as in-depth interviews with those responsible for these areas in organizations.

Results: The results show an ideal organizational chart proposal to acknowledge the indicated place to establish those functions, as well as the main mistakes that are usually incurred. It ends by identifying the communication function as the one indicated to manage these resources, with the CCO leading the role, as well as a series of obstacles that prevent the consolidation of the imanagement of intangible assets within Spanish organizations.

Limitations / Implications: This article provides visibility to the areas in charge of managing intangible assets and resources within large organizations, as well as their weight in corporate organization charts. However, there is still work to be done in small and medium-sized companies, which have very different resources and realities.

Originality / Contribution: The role and structure of the people and departments in charge of managing intangible assets are analyzed not only from the literature review but also from the daily activities of companies, thus exploring their use in a precise and practical way.
Marketing Experiencial, Sensorial y Olfativo: Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Higueras Medina Lidia , Gonzalo Riesco Raúl , Crespo Tejero Natividad
Published: January 2021

Reach of the review: This document focuses primarily on the scope of Experiential and Sensory Marketing, as well as the techniques and methodologies used in both disciplines to appeal to consumer insights. It also defines the perspective of Olfactory Marketing, specifying the essential aspects that this subject provides both on a functional and emotional level. Finally, it provides an approach to the concept of the Odotype and its potential application.

Period of the publications reviewed: Those publications that, between 1973 and 2020, under a scientific and empirical basis, advocate the business trend based on the generation of unique experiences through a sensory signature are analysed.
Origin and types of documents reviewed: Articles published in scientific journals, obtained from the database ‘Web of Science,’ are used.

Authors’ contributions to the publications analysed: The review carried out shows that, despite a wide variety of articles on Experiential and Sensory Marketing, there is a certain time gap in the publications, as the date of these is prior to 2010. With regard to Olfactory Marketing, the importance of smell within Sensory Marketing is endorsed, and the use of the odotype as a tool to improve a company’s brand identity is considered.

Conclusions on the lines of research studied: The spectrum covered by Experiential Marketing proposes a wide margin of action both in brand positioning and consumer moments of truth, as well as in the practices carried out in commercial spaces. In this respect, the five senses play a fundamental role. However, it is worth highlighting an evident «gap» in the research literature about the direct application of Olfactory Marketing and the odotype to the techniques of promotion and brand recognition of today.
Influencia de la marca en el consumo femenino de moda
Authors: González Penas Elisa M.ª
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The objective of this research is to analyze brand influence and its graphic representation on the product in female’s consumption of fashion. This study addresses brand equity as a competitive advantage.

Design / Methodology / Approach: For this purpose, previous literature is analyzed and follow-up statistical research is carried out. A two-phase questionnaire, with a four-year interval, is administered to a sample of 469 and 230 women, respectively.

Results: More than 85% of the women analyzed recognize that brands influence their purchasing decisions, and a third show a wide predisposition towards the brand. To a lesser extent, this interest is transferred to the logo as a visible element on the garments and accessories. It is confirmed that Logomania is a current phenomenon and an efficient strategy for the fashion market.

Limitatios / Implications: These results are useful in the implementation of specific branding strategies in the fashion sector.

Originality / Contribution: This research is a pioneer in analyzing women’s predisposition to brands and the presence of logos on garments and accessories in their purchasing decisions.
La comunicación digital en los museos. Estudio comparado de las herramientas de la web 2.0
Authors: Fernández-Hernández Ruth , Vacas-Guerrero Trinidad , García-Muiña Fernando E.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: In recent years, museums have been affected by various social, political and economic changes, which have forced them to adapt to an open and participatory society, where the individual takes on a very important role in organising his or her leisure time. The aim of this study is to analyse Web 2.0 tools (blogs, social networks, e-mail, mobile applications, video communities and virtual communities) as a fundamental means of communication to attract visitors to museums.

Design / Methodology / Approach: To achieve this objective, a comparative analysis of the different digital communication tools most used by museums today has been carried out.

Results: The results reveal that Web 2.0 tools seem to be important in establishing effective communication between museums and their audiences, making them go to visit.

Limitations / Implications: Although the research focuses on the external tools provided by new technologies, it offers an approach to the importance that these currently have in the field of communication to generate engagement with audiences.

Originality / Contribution: This work shows the importance of having and using ICT tools in an appropriate way by the museum institutions to be in contact with their audiences, offer them information of their interest and give them the opportunity to participate in the daily life of the museum.
Metamaterial absorber with controllable absorption wavelength and absorption efficiency
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Wei , Wu Hua ,   College of Information Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou 324000, China,   College of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China,   Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Published: January 2021

The metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) is a new type of electromagnetic wave absorber first proposed by Landy. Compared with the traditional electromagnetic wave absorber, MPA has many advantages, including ultra-high absorption efficiency, ultra-thin, compact structure, easily tunable resonances, etc. so it is gradually applied to ultra-sensitive sensing, imaging, detection and other fields. Nowadays, the MPA research focuses on two areas. One area focuses on the absorption efficiency modulation and absorption wavelength tuning, and the other area is to broaden the absorption bandwidth and achieve high absorptions at different optical frequencies. Previously, the MPA absorption efficiency modulation or absorption wavelength tuning was realized by changing the device structure or the surrounding medium material. But these methods can increase the difficulty in processing and increase the device volume. In order to achieve the control of absorption wavelength and absorption efficiency without increasing the difficulty in processing or the device volume. We propose to use vanadium dioxide and graphene as the materials of MPA, which has high absorption efficiency in the infrared band. It is found that the absorption efficiency of MPA at 9.66 μm wavelength can reach 96% when the temperature of vanadium dioxide is 5 ℃ by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. However, when the vanadium dioxide temperature rises to 68 ℃, the absorption efficiency of MPA suddenly drops to 2.8%. The modulation depth of absorption efficiency can reach 97.08%. We propose that the MPA be able to control not only the absorption efficiency, but also the absorption wavelength. By changing the voltage of graphene, the chemical potential Ef of graphene can be controlled and the absorption wavelength of MPA can be tuned. When Ef increases from 0.1 eV to 3 eV, the absorption wavelength of MPA will be blue-shifted from 9.66 μm to 6.46 μm. The magnetic field distribution of MPA at the absorption wavelength shows that the MPA has a high absorption efficiency because of the Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity resonance is formed in MPA. Therefore, the change of structure parameters of MPA will affect its absorption characteristics. It is found by the FDTD method that the absorption wavelength of MPA will be redshifted, when the radius, thickness, period and thickness of the nanocolumn array increase. This study can provide theoretical guidance for designing and preparing the controllable MPA, which has compact structure and low process difficulty merits.
Methods of transferring two-dimensional materials
Authors: Liao Jun-Yi , Wu Juan-Xia , Dang Chun-He , Xie Li-Ming ,   Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   Innovation Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: January 2021

The advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials, a family of materials with atomic thickness and van der Waals (vdWs) interlayer interactions, offers a new opportunity for developing electronics and optoelectronics. For example, semiconducting 2D materials are promising candidates for extending the Moore's Law. Typical 2D materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and their heterostrcutures present unique properties, arousing worldwide interest. In this review the current progress of the state-of-the-art transfer methods for 2D materials and their heterostructures is summarized. The reported dry and wet transfer methods, with hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer film assistance, are commonly used for physical stacking to prepare atomically sharp vdWs heterostructure with clear interfaces. Compared with the bottom-up synthesis of 2D heterostructures using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the construction of 2D heterostructures by transfer methods can be implemented into a curved or uneven substrate which is suitable for pressure sensing, piezoelectric conversion as well as other physical properties’ research. Moreover, the transfer of 2D materials with inert gas protected or in vacuum operation can protect moisture-sensitive and oxygen-sensitive 2D materials from degerating and also yield interfaces with no impurities. The efficient and non-destructive large-area transfer technology provides a powerful technical guarantee for constructing the 2D heterostructures and exploring the intrinsic physical and chemical characteristics of materials. Further development of transfer technology can greatly facilitate the applications of 2D materials in high-temperature superconductors, topological insulators, low-energy devices, spin-valley polarization, twistronics, memristors, and other fields.
First-principle study of new phase of layered Bi2Se3
Authors: Guo Yu , Zhou Si , Zhao Ji-Jun ,   Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Published: January 2021

Recently, the boom of graphene has aroused great interest in searching for other two-dimensional (2D) compound materials, which possess many intriguing physical and chemical properties. Interestingly, 2D allotropes of differing atomic structures show even more diverse properties. The Bi2Se3 has attracted much attention due to its unique physical properties, while its allotrope has not been investigated. Based on first-principle calculations, here in this work we predict a new phase of Bi2Se3 monolayer with outstanding dynamic and thermal stabilities, named as β-Bi2Se3. Notably, the β-Bi2Se3 monolayer is a semiconductor with a modest direct band gap of 2.40 eV and small effective mass down to 0.52m0, large absorption coefficient of 105 cm–1 in the visible-light spectrum, suitable band edge positions for photocatalysis of water splitting. Moreover, the breaking of mirror symmetry in β-Bi2Se3 along the out-of-plane direction induces vertical dipolar polarization, yielding a remarkable out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient of 0.58 pm/V. These exceptional physical properties render the layered Bi2Se3 a promising candidate for future high-speed electronics and optoelectronics.