bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Analysis and Review on Intrusion Detection Systems Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Jacob Sneha Leela , Sultana Habibullah Parveen
Published: July 2024

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is crucial for defending computer networks and systems from cyberattacks, unauthorized entry, and harmful activities. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) based IDS is a security solution that uses sophisticated algorithms to automatically identify and predict malicious activity occurring within a computer network. It improves the network's security and identification of threats using various algorithms to monitor network traffic patterns, spot anomalies, and discern between normal and abnormal behavior. This study reviews 58 papers on the topic of IDS that implement various ML and DL techniques. The most commonly used techniques are the support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), K nearest neighbors, gradient boosting (GB), Naïve-Bayes (NB), multilayer perceptron (MLP), artificial neural network, recurrent neural network, and convolutional neural network (CNN). These techniques are tested on four different datasets: KDD Cup, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and Kyoto. The experimentation showed that, among ML algorithms, the DT classifier has the best average training time of 2.8s, the best average testing time of 0.08s, but achieved an average accuracy of 97.46% across all datasets. On the other hand, the NB classifier is easier to implement but took an average of 4.40s in training time, 1.28s in testing time, and has the least average accuracy of 74.22% across all datasets. The more sophisticated techniques such as SVM, MLP, GB, and CNN are time consuming with CNN taking the highest time in three out of four datasets. The RF algorithm achieved an average accuracy of 99.51%, the highest level of accuracy among all algorithms. In this way, a comprehensive analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of various ML and DL algorithms for IDS is presented.
 
Received: 26 April 2024 | Revised: 12 June 2024 | Accepted: 25 June 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Sneha Leela Jacob: Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization. Parveen Sultana Habibullah: Conceptualization, Validation, Supervision, Project administration.
Which are the most influential marketing journals for Latin American researchers? A journal co-citation analysis
Authors: Seijas-Díaz Gabriel , Reátegui-Villacorta Karen , Barbachan-Ruales Enrique Alejandro , Cabel-Rabines Jessica Del Pilar , Cueto-Orbe Rosa Elena , Riva-Ruiz Raidith
Published: July 2024

Objective. We aimed to identify which marketing journals are the most influential for Latin American researchers.
Methodology. We used data from 15226 documents indexed in Scopus from 2000 to 2023. We employed a journal co-citation analysis to visualize the journals' representativeness over time. The clusters formed, and the areas they represented were analyzed, and the clusters were then compared in the two defined periods (2000-2011/2012-2023).
Results. The following journals are considered to be among the most influential and representative of the Latin American marketing research community: the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of Business Research, the European Journal of Marketing, the Journal of Consumer Research, the Journal of Marketing Research, the Journal of Marketing Management, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, and the Industrial Marketing Management. The co-citation maps indicate that the initial period of research was still in its infancy, with only classic North American journals represented. However, from the second period onwards, the traditional North American and European journals are evident, as well as a group of Latin American journals with a focus on management, business, and business administration.
Conclusion. Latin American researchers utilize classical journals to support their research. However, a greater presence of Latin American journals has only been observed in the last decade. This is a peculiar phenomenon because research published in North American and European journals seems to be the major intellectual reference.
VISUAL DIALOGUE BETWEEN SCULPTURE AND MEDICINE: THE INTERSECTION OF AESTHETICS AND SCIENCE
Authors: Yüksel Hanife Neris , Çamsarı Taner
Published: July 2024

The intersection of medicine and art, often explored in numerous articles, delves into detailed depictions of diseases or concepts within the medical field. These depictions aim to speculate on disease effects and patterns of interaction, sometimes reaching scientific conclusions. However, artistic representations may pose scientific, conceptual, and methodological challenges, defining the complex boundary between medicine and art. This article broadens the perspective by examining the relationship between medicine and sculpture, focusing on how these fields can be classified in relation to each other. Rather than concentrating on individual works, the study categorizes the language, methods, and approaches used in works resulting from the intersection of art and medicine. The historical continuum is explored to understand the scope and connections between sculpture and medicine from the past to the present. Using search terms like "art," "sculpture," and "medicine" on platforms such as PubMed, Scopus, and Taylor & Francis Online, the research aims to convey how medicine is reflected in artistic practices. The article highlights the potential for collaboration and mutual enrichment between medicine and art, emphasizing the diverse use of art, particularly sculpture, in various contexts related to medical themes.
DÖNÜŞEN KENTLER, NESLİ TÜKENENLER: ANADOLU LEOPARI FİLMİNDE MEKÂNSAL ÜRETİM
Authors: Güven Akdoğan Özge
Published: July 2024

Sinema metinlerinin kentsel dönüşüme dair ne söylediği sorusundan yola çıkan bu çalışma, mekânların politik, sosyal ve nostaljik anlamlarına odaklanmakta ve eski ile yeni arasındaki gerilimi film kahramanları üzerinden ele almaktadır. Anadolu Leoparı filmi, Türk sineması evreninden amaçlı örnekleme tekniği ve başkent Ankara'nın sosyo-ekolojik dönüşümüne ve bu dönüşümün faillerine gönderme yapan bir anlatımla güncelliği açısından çalışmanın nesnesi olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, mekânların sinema anlatısı üzerinden dönüştürülmesinin bireylerde kent aidiyet duygusunu kırarken yoğun ruhsal çözülmeler yaratabildiğini ortaya koymaktır. Tarihi mekânların, kentsel tasarım coşkusuyla tüketime ve turizme doğru dönüşümünü gözler önüne seren film, sosyal adalet, kent aidiyeti ve kent hafızası gibi konuların irdelenmesi için uygun bir zemin sağlamaktadır. Film, kent ve kapitalizm eleştirisi üzerinden metinsel analiz yoluyla analiz edilmektedir. Giriş bölümünü takip eden ilk bölümde, Lefebvreci anlamda mekânın üretimi, yani mekânın inşa edilme, kurulma, yok edilme, politik ve toplumsal olarak örgütlenme biçimi incelenmektedir. İkinci bölümde kent ve sinema üzerine yapılan çalışmalar araştırılarak filmin anlatısı metin çözümlemesi yoluyla çözümlenmektedir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, filmsel anlatı yoluyla kentsel değerleri elinden alınan bireyin, politik ataletin de katkısıyla nasıl yalnızlaşabildiğini göstermektedir.
Rural abandonment and its drivers in an irrigated area of Mendoza (Argentina)
Authors: Guida-Johnson Bárbara , Vignoni Ana Paz , Migale Gabriela M. , Aranda María Agustina , Magnano Andrea
Published: July 2024

Rural abandonment is a global phenomenon promoted by biophysical, socio-economic, and socio-productive causes, leading to the disappearance of traditional agricultural practices and serious impacts on food security and local livelihoods. This phenomenon is more complex in drylands since the lost of productive land is unlikely to be recovered due to the limited availability of water resources. This study aimed to identify abandoned agricultural lands in a sector located east of the northern oasis of Mendoza (Argentina) and determine the main driving forces leading this process. The interdisciplinary perspective employed included the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) difference technique implemented on Landsat images, the boosted regression trees analysis of spatially explicit drivers, and a digital survey providing perception assessments from local producers and their technical advisors. Abandoned agricultural land has increased by 92% between 2002 and 2020, being accessibility, crop type, vulnerable living conditions of the local population, availability of irrigation water and labor, and the lack of profitability, the main drivers identified by both sources of information (spatial model and social perception). The proposed approach contributes to monitore productive resources and land-use planning with a holistic and long-term vision.
Highlights:

Rural abandonment was addressed as an environmental problem from an interdisciplinary perspective.
Abandoned land was detected using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) difference technique.
The spatial analysis and the perception study indicated mostly the same land-use change drivers.
Abandoned agricultural land increased by 92% between 2002 and 2020 in San Martín (Mendoza).
The main drivers of abandonment were accessibility, crop type, vulnerable living conditions of the local population, availability of irrigation water and labor, and the lack of profitability.
Análisis de los elementos iconográficos-botánicos de tres púlpitos del barroco indigenista enPanamá
Authors: Carballeda María A. , Murillo G. Vielka E.
Published: July 2024

Los púlpitos tuvieron un lugar preponderante a lo largo del período virreinal (siglo XVI y XVII), como lugar desde donde el sacerdote explicaba el evangelio (homilía) en voz alta. Por lo general, presentaban una elaborada ornamentación iconográfica que se correspondía, no solamente con el repertorio iconográfico importado por la corona española, sino tambiéncon claras alusiones a elementos botánicos del contexto local. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar los elementos iconográficos-botánicos presentes en tres púlpitosde iglesias panameñas: (púlpito de la Iglesia de Santo Domingo de Guzmán-Parita, Catedralde San Juan Bautista, Penonomé y la iglesia de San Francisco de Asís, Veraguas), pertenecientes al Barroco indigenista, y que presentan una amplia ornamentación de elementos vegetales propios de ámbito local. La metodología de este análisis se sostiene enel paradigma hermenéutico interpretativo en el que se lee, infiere o interpreta de cada elemento vegetal siguiendo tres niveles de significación, nivel pre iconográfico (significación primaria o natural de la obra), nivel iconográfico (significación secundaria o convencional) y nivel iconológico (significación intrínseca o contenido). En el análisis de cada púlpito se identificaron las especies vegetales que conformaban la ornamentación, estasen su mayoría son especies nativas de América, con excepción de Punica granatum (granada-Lythraceae) especie propia del Mediterráneo. En los tres púlpitos estudiados, se evidenció la presencia de elementos de carácter indígena, inspirados en la naturaleza, que aportan al barroco local un sello de identidad que singulariza estos púlpitos como parte del barroco indigenista panameño.
Componentes del salario emocional más valorados por las generaciones centennials
Authors: Montalvo Iveth , Salazar Rita , Herrera Celmibeth , Batista Jorge
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los componentes del salario emocional más valorados por las generaciones centennials. La investigación se enmarca en el diseño no experimental, tipo campo y nivel descriptivo. La población de estudio es de ciento veinte y dos
(122) estudiantes de la carrera de Recursos Humanos de la Facultad de Administración de Empresas y Contabilidad del Centro Regional Universitario de San Miguelito, laboralmente inactivos. La muestra fue intencional correspondiente a 67 estudiantes que respondieron voluntariamente el cuestionario de Google formas. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó la técnica de cuestionario, la cual fue estructurado con 10 preguntas cerradas tipo Likert. Se concluyó que los estudiantes de la generación centennials perciben al salario emocional como tener buen clima laboral, flexibilidad laboral, conciliación entre la vida familiar y el trabajo, así como actividades de cultura y ocio.
Invitaciones Express
Authors: Rivera García Christian , Pauta Ríos Ronald Adriano , Ortiz Mosquera César Geovanny
Published: July 2024

La relación estrecha entre un ordenador y su usuario es la tendencia de comunicación global, el significado polisémico deriva en multiplicidades del contexto e interés de utilidad programática digital la interactividad es un término con múltiples significados, la música, imágenes y arte sonoro, entre otros son rigurosos podría dar lugar a falsas interpretaciones y relaciones forzadas con los conceptos de era postdigital y de condición posthumana. La actual investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar Invitaciones Express Interactivas; por medio del estudio económico ejecutado, dio a conocer que las empresas dedicadas a prestar servicios gráficos de calidad y eficacia si proyectan rentabilidad. Este texto revisa su idoneidad, así como los posibles cambios de paradigma en la presentación y el consumo de productos digitales a los que el empleo de distintos dispositivos interactivos podría dar lugar y termina con la descripción de nuevos espacios de digitalización Esta nueva tendencia, es una experiencia educativa de participación global en el espacio de la tecnología, que exige la formación de competencias tecnológicas para integrar productos digitales en tiempo real. La creación de una empresa con fines de servicios digitales interactivos son una apuesta para estructurar nuevos procesos de innovación y creatividad impresos en los diseñadores programáticos de estos acondicionamientos informáticos globales, la presteza para llegar a estos embalses de programación digital computarizada construye equipo de sostenibilidad mercantil suficiente para constatar su efectividad en el mercado de la comodidad.
Clasificación supervisada, evaluación multicriterio y modelos de localización-asignación para instalaciones de destilación de aceite esencial de Cistus ladanifer
Authors: Pérez-Izquierdo Carlos , Pulido Fernando
Published: July 2024

Cistus ladanifer L. (jara) es una especie arbustiva muy extendida en la región mediterránea y de gran interés para la industria cosmética, farmacológica y agroalimentaria. A pesar de su valor, este recurso se encuentra infrautilizado y presenta una gran variabilidad espacial y condiciones de extracción heterogéneas. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar una metodología de localización de zonas óptimas para la instalación de plantas de destilación de aceites esenciales de C. ladanifer que permitan su extracción de la manera más eficiente y rentable posible. Se han empleado técnicas de teledetección basadas en clasificaciones supervisadas de píxeles y objetos para determinar la distribución y superficie de este recurso. La clasificación se llevó a cabo con imágenes Sentinel-2 de 2018, modelos digitales de elevaciones y los siguientes seis algoritmos de clasificación: mínima distancia, distancia de Mahalanobis, máxima probabilidad, Spectral Angle Mapper, máquinas de vector soporte y redes neuronales. El uso de herramientas SIG como el análisis de evaluación multicriterio y los modelos de localización-asignación nos permitieron obtener y conectar los puntos de oferta de mayor aptitud de recurso y los emplazamientos idóneos de demanda de las instalaciones. Los clasificadores Máxima Probabilidad, máquinas de vector soporte y redes neuronales lograron precisiones de clasificación superiores al 90 % en fiabilidad global y coeficiente Kappa. La superficie total de jaras potencialmente explotable obtenida en la clasificación fue de 20 889 ha, de las cuales 15 241 ha (72,96 %) eran viables para la recolección. La instalación de dos plantas de destilación mostraba una distribución de cobertura espacial eficaz de aprovechamiento de este recurso en el área de estudio. La metodología se considera una herramienta valiosa para determinar de forma eficiente y sostenible la ubicación óptima de plantas de destilación.
Nursing Education and Mental Workload of Academicians During Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: YILMAZ Kübra , AKTAŞ Dilek , YAZICI Gülay
Published: July 2024

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, 2020 yılında koronavirüs hastalığı için pandemi ilan etti. Bu hastalık tüm süreçlerin yanı sıra eğitim sürecini de etkiledi. Bu çalışmanın amacı, koronavirüs pandemi sürecinde üniversitelerin hemşirelik eğitiminde kullandıkları yöntemleri ve bu yöntemlerin akademisyenlerin zihinsel iş yükü üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Çalışmaya Türkiye'deki tüm devlet ve vakıf üniversiteleri dahil edildi. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan çevrimiçi anket ve NASA-TLX iş yükü endeksi 1427 hemşire akademisyene gönderildi. Anketi dolduran 292 katılımcı örneklemi oluşturdu. Çalışmada en sık kullanılan yöntemin senkron uzaktan eğitim olduğu bulundu. Akademisyenlerin mental iş yükü ortalamasının 63.87±16.25 olduğu saptandı. Uzaktan eğitim kullanan akademisyenlerin çaba ve performans puanları ile “65 yaş ve üstü” yaş grubundaki kadın akademisyenlerin hayal kırıklığı ve zamana yönelik talep puanları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu. Araştırmada ayrıca hayal kırıklığı alt boyut puanı ortalamasının cinsiyet ile ilişkili olduğu ve kadın akademisyenlerin hayal kırıklığı puan ortalamasının erkeklere göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptandı (p=0.050). Araştırmamızda koronavirüs pandemi sürecinde en sık kullanılan eğitim yöntemi olan uzaktan senkron eğitimin akademisyenlerin iş yükünü ve zaman gereksinimlerini arttırdığı saptandı.
Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin COVID-19 Pandemisinde GETAT a Yönelik Bilgi ve Uygulamaları
Authors: TALHAOĞLU Dilek , YÜKSEL Hümeyra , BAŞER Mürüvvet
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışma yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin COVID-19 hastalığından korunmak ya da hastalığın tedavi sürecinde uyguladıkları (GETAT) yöntemleri ile koruyucu uygulamalarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, devlet hastanelerinin yoğun bakım ünitelerinde 15 Eylül- 15 Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında çalışan 100 hemşire ile tamamlanmıştır. Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı türde bir çalışmadır. Çalışmanın etik kurul izni alınmıştır. Veri toplama sürecinde çevrimiçi anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Anket formu sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve GETAT ile ilgili bilme ve uygulama durumları bulunmaktadır. Verilerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi ve basıklık-çarpıklık kullanılarak değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık için p<0.05 kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin %88’i akupunktur uygulamasını, %62’si aromaterapiyi, %80’i ozon tedavisini, %41’i biyoenerjiyi, %85’i gevşeme teknikleri ve meditasyon uygulamasını, %85’i hidroterapi ve kaplıca uygulamasını, %79’u hipnoz uygulamasını, %90’ı dua ve namazı, %96’sı masajı, %77’si resim, sanat ve dans terapisini, %44’ü teropatik dokunuşu, %77’si yogayı, %80’i fitoterapiyi bildiklerini, yoğun bakım hastaları için %29’u masajı, %27’si ozon tedavisini, uyguladıklarını; kendileri için ise COVID-19 tanısı alan hemşirelerin oldukları dönemde daha çok bitkisel tedaviler (%23), ozon tedavisi (%16), aromaterapi (%8) ve yoga (%3) seçeneklerini kullandıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Eğitim durumu ile GETAT yöntemlerinden aromaterapi bilme ve uygulama durumu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p<0.005). Hemşirelerin GETAT uygulamaları ile ilgili daha fazla araştırma yapmaları ve hemşirelik bakımında GETAT yöntemlerini entegre ederek bilgi durumlarını artırmaları önerilmektedir.
Factors Limiting Internal Audit Efficiency in Provincial Governance Systems of South Africa
Authors: Geqeza A. , Dubihlela J.
Published: July 2024

Internal audit function (IAF) has a favourable impact on the overall functioning of provincial governance systems. There is, However, op-erational challenges that impedes their effectiveness. The study aims to attain IAF efficacy and ensure it adds value to the provincial gov-ernment operations and attains departmental objectives. The study is based on 260 purposively selected Western Cape Government IAF participants. The study employed mixed research methods. Question-naires, telephones interviews and focused group discussion were use as data collection instruments. Thematical was used to analyse tele-phone interviews and focused group discussion, whereas descriptive statistics was used to analyse quantitative data. The study found that there are independence issues, limited resources hindering training and completion of audits, and a lack IAF’s recognition and IAF receives a low status in the organisation. There is a lack of management sup-port. The study provides factors that hinders IAF efficacy within South Africa's provincial governance systems.
Prevenção ao uso de tabaco, álcool e outras drogas em um grupo de adolescentes
Authors: Pereira de Oliveira Adriana , SANTOS NIVISSON RODRIGO SANTANA , CARVALHO BRUNA MENDES
Published: July 2024

Resumo: O relato de caso correlaciona o uso de tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas e drogas ilícitas na fase juvenil e as suas consequências futuras, dentre elas a gravidez na adolescência. Foram utilizadas tecnologias leves para trabalhar a temática em um grupo de adolescentes intitulado como “Adolescer com Sáude”. É indubitável mencionar que os processos formativos de educação em saúde com ênfase na aprendizagem lúdica, tornou-se uma valiosa ferramenta para uma aprendizagem significativa e desconstrução de estigmas estruturais, gerando assim à promoção à saúde dos adolescentes.
EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SCHOOL CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PUPILS OF PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NORTHERN DIVISION, JINJA CITY. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Juliet Konso  , Evelyn Hope Kyokunda
Published: July 2024

Background
The forces of the environment begin to influence the growth and development of the individual right from the womb of the mother. The study aims to assess the Effect of psychological and school cultural environment on the academic achievement of pupils of public primary schools in Northern Division, Jinja City. 
Methodology
A cross-sectional study applied correlational research design to determine whether and to what degree relationships existed among the variables. The data was coded, awarded numerical scores, and entered into the computer for statistical analysis using version 24 Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results
 (89%) were of primary level, 4 % were certificate holders, and (2%) were diploma holders while 5% were graduates.128(64.7%) agreed that pupils in their schools have enough time to do their homework while 45(22.7%). 190(96%) respondents disagreed with the statement “teachers embarrass each other in front of pupils”. 140 (70.7%) agreed that their schools assign manageable and realistic tasks to teachers. 115 (58%) agreed that their school is open to new ideas, 183 (92.4%) agreed that teachers in their school always utilize lesson plans and schemes of work during lesson delivery, 137 (69.2%) agreed that there is sharing of work and responsibilities among teachers in their school
Conclusions
Learners’ achievement was higher among pupils with a favorable psychological and school-cultural environment since such pupils had enough time for their homework, teachers' respect, routine utilization of lesson plans and schemes of work, openness to new ideas, and sharing responsibilities.
Recommendations
School management should adopt new ideas from other best-performing schools to boost the teaching/learning in their schools to enhance the academic achievement of pupils in public primary schools.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of final-year diagnostic radiography students on setting exposure factors, at the University of Technology, in the eThekwini District
Authors:   , Rajendraya Shodha
Published: July 2024

This study focused on the ability of diagnostic radiography students to set accurate imaging exposure factors and their knowledge, attitude and practice of the factors that influence these imaging parameters. The setting of imaging exposure factors refer to exposure technique while exposure factors refer to the kilovoltage and milliamperes that are required to produce a radiographic image. The importance of understanding the relationship between these factors permits radiographers to maintain optimal image quality whilst keeping the radiation dose to the patient as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of final-year diagnostic radiography students in terms of setting exposure factors. Methodology: The type of study conducted was a quantitative cross-sectional survey of final-year diagnostic radiography students at the University of technology in Kwa-Zulu Natal regarding the application of factors that affect radiation dose and image quality. The sampling technique selected for this study was probability stratified sampling. Total sampling was used due to the small number of final-year students. Results: Various statistical tests such as Descriptive statistics, the Analysis Of Variance Model, Binomial test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, One-sample t-test, Cronbach alpha and Independent samples t-test were adopted to analyse the data yielded by the collection tool. There were no significant differences in demographics. The mean value for knowledge was 67.71%. Attitude and practice were moderately correlated with p=0.004 and r=-0.474. This correlation was measured using Person’s correlation coefficient test. The study demonstrated that despite having adequate knowledge of imaging exposures and a positive attitude, students did not always practice accurately. Conclusion: This study investigated final-year diagnostic radiography students’ competence in their final year and focused on their readiness for community service in terms of their knowledge, attitude and practice of imaging exposure factors. The overall benefit of this study highlighted the final-year diagnostic radiography students’ ability to set correct exposure factors thus identifying any weaknesses that will prevent them from practicing radiography correctly. Additional support from training institutions and universities, in the areas of weakness would provide students with the necessary tools to practise radiography during their community service without radiating their patients unnecessarily.
Pengaruh Video Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Matematika pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Zainal Yessi Fazila , Khatimah Husnul
Published: July 2024

Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk menciptakan suasana belajar yang menarik adalah melalui penggunaan media video pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh penggunaan video pembelajaran terhadap motivasi belajar matematika pada siswa sekolah dasar. Kami menggunakan metode kualitatif, subjek penelitian terdiri dari 8 siswa kelas 5 sekolah dasar. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari post-tes untuk mengukur pemahaman siswa setelah pembelajaran, angket untuk mengumpulkan persepsi dan pengalaman terhadap penggunaan video pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa:  1) Dari hasil pengolahan data soal post test diperoleh hasil sangat baik dilihat dari frekuensi tertinggi yaitu 75%. 2) Respon siswa terhadap motivasi belajar matematika, memberikan kontribusi yang baik, sekitar 4% siswa memilih setuju. 3) Pemanfaatan video dalam pembelajaran memberikan dampak positif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa, dilihat dari frekuensi sangat setuju 3,8%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan video pembelajaran menjadi sarana yang efektif untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar matematika terutama pada siswa sekolah dasar
Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa SMP Pada Materi Teorema Phytagoras
Authors: Novita Elsa , Hamimi Lia
Published: July 2024

Siswa masih mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami dan menerapkan konsep dasar geometri, yang merupakan prasayarat penting untuk menguasai Teorema phytagoras. Sehingga siswa belum sepenuhnya memiliki kemampuan literasi terutama pada tahap meyajikan permasalahan kebentuk matematika seperti  membuat kembali permasalahan dan penyelesaian dengan kalimat, atau gambar dan Memilih menggunakan strategi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan seperti menuliskan langkah-langkah dan cara dalam menyelesaikan soal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan literasi matematis siswa SMP dalam memahami materi Teorema Pythagoras. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang melibatkan 12 orang siswa kelas VIII-A SMP 1 Susoh. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar tes dan wawancara. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi tes kemampuan literasi matematis dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan rendahnya kemampuan literasi matematis siswa  pada materi Teorema Phytagoras. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi yang signifikan dalam kemampuan literasi matematika siswa. Siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi. SN menonjol dalam semua aspek literasi matematika seperti dapat mengkomuniasikan masalah, menyajikan permasalahan ke dalam bentuk matematika, menggubah permasalahan ke bentuk matematika, memilih dan menggunakan strategi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dan memberi argumentasi logis. Sementara siswa dengan kemampuan rendah, seperti CAN, memerlukan dukungan tambahan dalam memahami dan menerapkan konsep-konsep matematika tersebut. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, disarankan agar fokus ditingkatkan pada pengembangan metode pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa dan peningkatan pelatihan bagi guru  dalam mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran yang efektif  untuk meningkatkan literasi matematis pada siswa.
The Incidence of Picky Eater Among Toddler in Aceh: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Mahyani Safrina, Nurul , Azan Meutia Zuhra,
Published: July 2024

Toddler is a commonly used term for children up to 5 years old. Age grouping of children 1 to 3 years are referred to as toddlers and ages 3 up to 5 years as pre-school, which is usually known as the golden age, where children will experience very rapid and critical growth and development, this typical development also affects children’s eating patterns, where they begin to experience changes in eating patterns to become picky eaters. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of picky eater among toddler in Lhokseumawe City, Aceh, Indonesia. This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach involving 171 mothers selected with simple random sampling method. The results of this study showed that the incidence of picky is relatively high, namely 137 (80.1%) of the respondents. Respondents with picky eater were predominantly female, namely 73 respondents (42,7%). In conclusion, this study showed a high incidence of picky eater among toddlers in Lhokseumawe District, Aceh, Indonesia
Implementasi Supervisi Peer To Peer dalam Mengembangkan Kompetensi Guru
Authors: Supatah Supatah , Thohri Muhammad , Fitriani Moh. Iwan , Safinah Safinah
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang implementasi supervisi peer to peer dalam mengembangkan kompetensi guru SMPN 17 Mataram dan MTSN 3 Mataram kecamatan sekarbela. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Kualitatif menghasilkan data deskriptif. Data pada penelitian ini terdiri dari dua macam yaitu; data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan; 1) Obervasi 2) Wawancara 3) Dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang peneliti gunakan yaitu; pengumpulan data bersamaan dengan proses penelitian, penyajian data, data reduksi dan  penarikan kesimpulan.Teknik yang digunakan dalam uji keabsahan data yaitu; triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi supervisi peer to peer di SMPN 17 Mataram dan MTSN 3 Mataram melibatkan berbagai bentuk, seperti penetapan administrasi pengajaran dan penilaian perangkat pembelajaran. Kompetensi guru yang berkembang melalui supervisi peer to peer mencakup kemampuan kolaborasi, komunikasi, pengetahuan pedagogik, serta penggunaan teknologi di SMPN 17 Mataram, dan kemampuan merefleksi diri, kolaborasi, keterampilan pembelajaran aktif, dan pengetahuan pedagogik di MTSN 3 Mataram.
Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah dalam Mengimplementasikan Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Idrus Ali Jadid Al , Bahtiar Bahtiar
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) untuk menganalisis kebijakan kepala madrasah dalam mendukung pelaksanaan implementasi kurikulum merdeka, 2) untuk mengetahui proses implementasi kurikulum merdeka belajar dan 3) untuk mengetahui implikasi kepala madrasah dalam implementasi kurikulum merdeka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan penekanan pada evaluasi data deskriptif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1) kebijakan kepala madrasah dalam mendukung implementasi kurikulum merdeka belajar mencakup langkah-langkah konkret seperti pengembangan program pelatihan guru, alokasi sumber daya, pembentukan tim implementasi kurikulum, dan upaya untuk memfasilitasi perubahan budaya di madrasah. 2) Proses pelaksanaan implementasi kurikulum merdeka berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan prosedur-prosedur yang telah ditetapkan dan kepala madrasah terlibat langsung dalam proses pemantauan dan evaluasi untuk mengukur keberhasilan dan memastikan kurikulum ini berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien. 3) Implikasi kepala madrasah dalam implementasi kurikulum merdeka sangatlah penting untuk memastikan kesuksesan dan efektivitas dari sistem pendidikan yang berbasis pada keleluasaan dan kreativitas. kontribusi kepala madrasah dapat menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung dan mendorong implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dengan sukses di madrasah, memberikan dampak positif pada pembelajaran siswa dan pengembangan pendidikan secara keseluruhan
Christian-Muslim Narratives and their Dialogue for Sustainable Peace and Development in the Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Weldu Abraham Hailu , Kiingati John Bosco
Published: July 2024

This article is written as part of PhD research, which sought to understand the narratives of the Christian-Muslim relationship towards the dialogue that leads to sustainable peace and development in Oromia, Ethiopia. The research's purpose was to find out whether the existing narratives of Christian- Muslim relationships obstruct or enhance dialogue that could affect sustainable peace and development in Oromia. The research method utilised by the research was qualitative research approaches, particularly the narrative approach. The research used the snowball sampling technique. The Inter-Group Theory guided the research. The target population was the whole population of Addis Ababa in 2022: 5,005,524. The sample size was 12 persons from different walks of life. The research employed interview guides for the interviews and focus group guides for focus group discussion to collect data. The collected data was analysed using narrative data analysis. The research findings indicate that today, in Ethiopia, particularly in the Oromia region, the positive narratives of Christian-Muslim peaceful co-existence are stronger than the negative ones of grievances and feelings of revenge. Hence, although the stakeholders need to address the existing injustices and the deep-seated grievances of Christian- Muslim relationships, the study concludes that those deficits of justice and grievances are not at the level of endangering the Christian-Muslim dialogue. Therefore, the research recommends that all the stakeholders of sustainable peace and development, particularly the Christian and Muslim leaders, the government and the civil society leaders need to bank on the positive narratives and collaborate to address the root causes of conflicts and poverty, which can derail the dialogue which guarantees continuity.
GAMIFICAÇÃO E ESTUDOS MEDIADOS POR TECNOLOGIA: ENGAJAMENTO E MOTIVAÇÃO NO AMBIENTE EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Bezerra Erich Teles , Damacena Rosana , Lima Isaac Felipe dos Santos , Lisboa Angélica de Oliveira Caçador , Ferreira Moisés de Oliveira , Freitas Adriana Queli de , Sousa Douglas Barbosa , Scabeni Rozangela Schäffer , Vieira Andréia Jacobina Fonseca
Published: July 2024

Este estudo buscou explorar o impacto da gamificação, quando aliada às tecnologias digitais, no engajamento e na motivação dos alunos no ambiente educacional. Utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa com revisão bibliográfica extensiva de publicações entre 2000 e 2024, foram analisados artigos acadêmicos e pesquisas sobre a eficácia dessas práticas. Os resultados indicam que a integração de elementos de jogos e tecnologias digitais pode significativamente elevar o engajamento dos alunos e melhorar sua motivação, por meio de plataformas interativas e sistemas de recompensas. No entanto, foram identificados desafios, como a necessidade de equilibrar recompensas externas com a motivação intrínseca e assegurar que as tecnologias sejam acessíveis a todos os alunos. As conclusões destacam que a combinação de gamificação e tecnologias digitais tem o potencial de enriquecer a experiência educacional e promover um aprendizado mais dinâmico e envolvente. Recomenda-se que futuras pesquisas investiguem os efeitos a longo prazo e a eficácia de diferentes tipos de tecnologias e estratégias de gamificação em variados contextos educacionais.
On Path Length, Beam Divergence, and Retroreflector Array Size in Open-Path FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Power Cameron E. N. , Wiacek Aldona
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Open-Path Fourier Transform InfraRed (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy is an established technique used to measure boundary layer trace gas concentrations, consisting (in this work) of a spectrometer with an active mid-IR source coupled to a single transmitting and receiving telescope, and a cube-corner retroreflector array separated from the spectrometer and telescope by an atmospheric path. The detection limit is directly proportional to the optical path length in the atmosphere, which controls target gas spectral absorption depth; however, open-path beam divergence can lead to overfilling of the distant retroreflector array for one-way paths greater than ~300 m (details depend on specifics of spectrometer and telescope optics, plus array size), resulting in decreased returning radiation at the detector. In this case, the absorption signature of the target gas increases, but the signal to noise ratio of the recorded spectrum decreases.  We present the results of theoretical spectral simulations for formaldehyde (HCHO) that show how path length, interfering water concentration, and HCHO target concentration affect the expected differential absorption spectrum of the HCHO target. We demonstrate that two-way path lengths > ~300 m are necessary for robust HCHO spectral signatures (at typical random plus systematic noise levels).  Next, we present the results of two field experiments where the retroreflector array area was increased to collect a larger fraction of returning radiation, at two-way path lengths ranging from 50 m to 1300 m. We demonstrate that the larger retroreflector array resulted in a smaller decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of measurement path, ~1.5 m−1 for the larger array as compared to ~3.6 m−1 for the smaller array. Finally, we perform retrievals of HCHO concentrations from spectra collected at the same field site and path length in Halifax Harbour during 2018 and 2021, with a smaller and a larger retroreflector array, respectively.  We demonstrate that retrievals based on larger retroreflector array spectra exhibit higher precision (average standard deviation of 0.352 ppb for 2021 and 0.678 ppb for 2018 in hourly formaldehyde data bins over two days), even though systematic errors remain in the fitted spectra, due to water vapour.  Where systematic fitting errors in interfering species are significant, a longer path may not be optimal for a given target gas, leading instead to biased retrievals; moreover, at very long pathlengths signal-to-noise ratio decreases with increasing water vapour conditions due to broadband spectrum signal reduction effects in water-saturated regions.  We discuss factors to consider in the choice of path length and retroreflector array size in open-path FTIR spectroscopy, which must be made with care.
Orbitally forced environmental changes during the accumulation of a Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) black shale in northern Iberia
Authors: Martinez-Braceras Naroa , Payros Aitor , Dinarès-Turell Jaume , Rosales Idoia , Arostegi Javier , Silva-Casal Roi
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Lower Pliensbachian hemipelagic successions from the northern Iberian palaeomargin are characterized by the occurrence of organic-rich calcareous rhythmites of decimetre-thick limestone and marl beds as well as thicker black shale intervals. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of the cyclic lithologies and processes involved along with the nature of the carbon cycle is of primary interest. This cyclostratigraphic study, carried out in one of the black shale intervals exposed in Santiurde de Reinosa (Basque–Cantabrian Basin), reveals that the calcareous rhythmites responded to periodic environmental variations in the Milankovitch-cycle band and were likely driven by eccentricity-modulated precession. The main environmental processes that determined the formation of the rhythmite were deduced on the basis of the integrated sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical study of an eccentricity bundle. The formation of precession couplets was controlled by variations in carbonate production and dilution by terrigenous supplies, along with periodic changes in bottom-water oxygenation. Precessional configurations with marked annual seasonality increased terrigenous input (by rivers or wind) to marine areas and boosted organic productivity in surface water. The great accumulation of organic matter on the seabed eventually decreased bottom-water oxygenation, which might also be influenced by reduced ocean ventilation. Thus, deposition of organic-rich marls and shales occurred when annual seasonality was maximal. On the contrary, a reduction in terrestrial inputs at precessional configurations with minimal seasonality diminished shallow organic productivity, which, added to an intensification of vertical mixing, contributed to increasing the oxidation of organic matter. These conditions also favoured greater production and basinward export of carbonate mud in shallow marine areas, causing the formation of limy hemipelagic beds. Short eccentricity cycles modulated the amplitude of precession-driven variations in terrigenous input and oxygenation of bottom seawater. Thus, the amplitude of the contrast between successive precessional beds increased when the Earth's orbit was elliptical and diminished when it was circular. The data also suggest that short eccentricity cycles affected short-term sea level changes, probably through orbitally modulated aquifer eustasy.
A Novel Model Hierarchy Isolates the Effect of Temperature-dependent Cloud Optics on Infrared Radiation
Authors: Gilbert Ash , Kay Jennifer E. , Rowe Penny
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Clouds exert strong influences on surface energy budgets and climate projections. Yet, cloud physics is complex and often incompletely represented in models. For example, temperature-dependent cloud optics parameterizations are rarely incorporated into the radiative transfer models used for future climate projections. Prior work has shown that incorporating these optics in downwelling longwave radiation calculations results in increases of as much as 1.7 W m−2 for Arctic atmospheres. Here we examine whether implementing these optics in climate models leads to significant climate impacts. We use a novel methodology based on a hierarchy of models. In two-stream radiation and single-column models, incorporating temperature-dependent optical properties had a small impact (< 1 W m−2). Similarly, impacts were statistically insignificant on infrared radiation within freely evolving atmospheric model simulations. In contrast, there was a much larger effect (1–3 W m−2) from optics changes when the winds within our atmospheric model experiments were nudged towards reanalysis winds. This new application of wind-nudging experiments helped to isolate the effect from temperature-dependent cloud optics changes by reducing the internally generated atmospheric variability. In summary, we found a signal from temperature-dependent optics, but this effect is small compared to climate variability and didn't impact long term Arctic temperature trends. More broadly, this work demonstrates a new framework for assessing the climate importance of a physics change.
Thermospheric nitric oxide NO during solar minimum modulated by O/O2 ratio and thermospheric transport and mixing
Authors: Sinnhuber Miriam , Arras Christina , Bender Stefan , Funke Bernd , Liu Hanli , Marsh Daniel R. , Reddmann Thomas , Rozanov Eugene , Sukhodolov Timofei , Szelag Monika E. , Wissing Jan Maik
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The formation of NO by geomagnetic activity and EUV photoionization in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere and its subsequent impact on ozone contributes to the natural forcing of the climate system, and is recommended to be included in chemistry-climate model experiments since CMIP6. We compare NO concentrations simulated by five high-top chemistry-climate models – WACCM-X, EMAC, HAMMONIA, WACCM-D and KASIMA – in the mesosphere and thermosphere with satellite observations during a period of low geomagnetic and solar forcing from January to December 2010. While qualitatively the latitudinal and temporal variability of NO is captured by most models, we find disagreements of several orders of magnitude in high-latitude winter. Possible reasons are explored using snapshots at 12 UT on January 9, 2010. Two processes interacting with each other are identified as likely sources of these discrepancies, quenching of N(2D) by atomic oxygen in the mid-thermosphere, and meridional transport and mixing from the mid-thermosphere to the lower thermosphere. In the mid-thermosphere, the amount of atomic oxygen available from dissociation of molecular oxygen balances N(4S) and N(2D) via quenching of N(2D). N(4S) can then be transported or mixed into the lower thermosphere, where it efficiently reduces the lifetime of NO, leading to lower values of NO there. In high-latitude winter, meridional downward-poleward transport of N(4S) from the low-and midlatitude mid-thermosphere into the high-latitude lower thermosphere modulates the NO lifetime. This transport is affected by gravity waves, and therefore depends on the models gravity wave drag schemes and resolved gravity wave spectra.