bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINING THE FORM OF ERROR DISTRIBUTION OF GEODETIC MEASURING
Authors: Gladilin Valeriy , Belenok Vadym , Shudra Nataliia
Published: June 2022

Industrial equipment is a dynamic system and has deformations not only during installation but also during operation. Under the influence of variable load and displacement of the center of gravity, the soil under the foundation settles unevenly, and accordingly, the equipment deforms unevenly, which is a threat to the equipment, the greater the load corresponds to more subsidence. Separation of partial deformations from full is important for determining the elements of straightening equipment for its uninterrupted and trouble-free operation. The presence of significant total deformation does not affect the performance of the equipment. The most critical deformations are partial deformations. Absolute vertical deformations are calculated as the difference in sediment between adjacent sediment marks, which are fixed on the equipment in the same measurement cycle.Comparing the values of deformations with the allowable technical conditions, decide on the need for straightening and adjustment of equipment. The accuracy of installation is characterized by a tolerance of 0.1÷0.5 mm on the relative position of the equipment, which is conjugate mounted at a distance of several tens or hundreds of meters. For installation of the equipment with such accuracy carry out special geodetic works with use of methods and technical means of measurements specially developed for this purpose in geodesy, metrology and mechanical engineering.
STATUS QUO AND FUTURE TRENDS OF BIM-BASED COORDINATION RESEARCH: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Wu Zezhou , Deng Kaiwen , Chen Changhong , Li Heng , Antwi-Afari Maxwell Fordjour , Wang Ying
Published: June 2022

Enhancing coordination between stakeholders is a critical function of Building Information Modeling (BIM). Recently, there have been numerous studies investigating BIM-based coordination; however, no explicit attempt has been made to investigate the current status of relevant research and determine the future directions. Hence, this study examines the BIM-based coordination literature published from 2006 to 2020 through bibliometric literature searching, scientific mapping, and in-depth critical analysis to fill the research gap. After a comprehensive filtering process, 656 pieces of literature were collected from Scopus. To map the representative information in the BIM-based coordination research, the determination and visualization of the most influential scholars, journals, countries/regions, and articles, as well as their importance and relationships, were performed through VOSviewer. Four emerging research topics were further discussed according to the determined scientific map. Moreover, a framework that presents the existing research gaps and future research directions was proposed. This research provides a clear picture of the leading information and future research trends of the BIM-based coordination, contributing to the body of knowledge theoretically and offering references for related stakeholders practically.
Exploring Changes in Quasar Spectral Energy Distributions across C iv Parameter Space
Authors: Rivera Angelica B. , Richards Gordon T. , Gallagher Sarah C. , McCaffrey Trevor V. , Rankine Amy L. , Hewett Paul C. , Shemmer Ohad
Published: June 2022

We examine the UV/X-ray properties of 1378 quasars in order to link empirical correlations to theoretical models of the physical mechanisms dominating quasars as a function of mass and accretion rate. The clarity of these correlations is improved when (1) using C iv broad emission line equivalent width (EQW) and blueshift (relative to systemic) values calculated from high signal-to-noise ratio reconstructions of optical/UV spectra and (2) removing quasars expected to be absorbed based on their UV/X-ray spectral slopes. In addition to using the traditional C iv parameter space measures of C iv EQW and blueshift, we define a “C iv ∥ distance” along a best-fit polynomial curve that incorporates information from both C iv parameters. We find that the C iv ∥ distance is linearly correlated with both the optical-to-X-ray slope, α
ox, and broad-line He ii EQW, which are known spectral energy distribution indicators, but does not require X-ray or high spectral resolution UV observations to compute. The C iv ∥ distance may be a better indicator of the mass-weighted accretion rate, parameterized by L/L
Edd, than the C iv EQW or blueshift alone, as those relationships are known to break down at the extrema. Conversely, there is only a weak correlation with the X-ray energy index (Γ), an alternate L/L
Edd indicator. We find no X-ray or optical trends in the direction perpendicular to the C iv distance that could be used to reveal differences in accretion disk, wind, or corona structure that could be widening the C iv EQW–blueshift distribution. A different parameter (such as metallicity) not traced by these data must come into play.
Constraints on the Explosion Timescale of Core-collapse Supernovae Based on Systematic Analysis of Light Curves
Authors: Saito Sei , Tanaka Masaomi , Sawada Ryo , Moriya Takashi J.
Published: June 2022

The explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is not fully understood yet. In this work, we give constraints on the explosion timescale based on 56Ni synthesized by supernova explosions. First, we systematically analyze multiband light curves of 82 stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe) to obtain bolometric light curves, which is among the largest samples of the bolometric light curves of SESNe derived from the multiband spectral energy distribution. We measure the decline timescale and the peak luminosity of the light curves and estimate the ejecta mass (M
ej) and 56Ni mass (M
Ni) to connect the observed properties with the explosion physics. We then carry out one-dimensional hydrodynamics and nucleosynthesis calculations, varying the progenitor mass and the explosion timescale. From the calculations, we show that the maximum 56Ni mass that 56Ni-powered SNe can reach is expressed as M
Ni ≲ 0.2 M
ej. Comparing the results from the observations and the calculations, we show that the explosion timescale shorter than 0.3 s explains the synthesized 56Ni mass of the majority of the SESNe.
Current-sheet Oscillations Caused by the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability at the Loop Top of Solar Flares
Authors: Wang Yulei , Cheng Xin , Ren Zining , Ding Mingde
Published: June 2022

Current sheets (CSs), long stretching structures of magnetic reconnection above solar flare loops, are usually observed to oscillate; their origins, however, are still puzzled at present. Based on a high-resolution 2.5D MHD simulation of magnetic reconnection, we explore the formation mechanism of CS oscillations. We find that large-amplitude transverse waves are excited by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability at the highly turbulent cusp-shaped region. The perturbations propagate upward along the CS with a phase speed close to local Alfvén speed thus resulting in the CS oscillations we observe. Though the perturbations damp after propagating for a long distance, the CS oscillations are still detectable. In terms of detected CS oscillations, with a combination of differential emission measure techniques, we propose a new method for measuring the magnetic field strength of the CS and its distribution in height.
The Role of Angiopoietin-2 on Plasma Leakage in the Critical Phase and Convalescence of Dengue Virus Infection in Children
Authors: Mariko Rinang , Rachmawati Nice , Amelin Fitrisia , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The worst complication of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) that lead to death is hypovolemic shock due to plasma leakage from intravascular to extravascular space caused by endothelial dysfunction. This study is aimed to analyze the difference of Ang-2 level in dengue haemorrhagic fever patients related to plasma leakage between critical phase and convalescence.
 
Aim: One hundred and ten children with DHF confirmed serologically with positive IgM anti-dengue or IgM and IgG anti-dengue were recruited in this study. We examine the clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters (platelet count, AST and ALT levels), and molecular test (Ang-2). The molecular indicator was tested by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were collected between July – November 2019. This is an observational study with cross-sectional comparative design.
 
Results: In our study, we found correlation of clinical symptoms (abdominal pain, persistent vomit, and hepatomegaly) with the occurrence of plasma leakage in DHF patients. We also found that Ang-2 level is significantly higher in children with DHF during critical phase compared to convalescence (p< 0.01).
 
Conclusion: There is a significant difference of Ang-2 level in DHF patients during critical phase and convalescence.
 
Keywords: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, children, Ang-2, critical phase, convalescence
An unexpected new red-bellied Stumpffia (Microhylidae) from forest fragments in central Madagascar highlights remaining cryptic diversity
Authors: Mullin Katherine E. , Rakotomanga Manoa G. , Dawson Jeff , Glaw Frank , Rakotoarison Andolalao , Orozco-terWengel Pablo , Scherz Mark D.
Published: June 2022

The Madagascan endemic subfamily Cophylinae in the family Microhylidae, is an example of a taxonomic group for which much is still to be discovered. Indeed, the cophyline frogs present a large portion of Madagascar’s cryptic and microendemic amphibian diversity, yet they remain understudied. A new red-bellied species of the microhylid frog genus Stumpffia is described from the central plateau of Madagascar. Visual encounter surveys in Ambohitantely and Anjozorobe in 2019 and 2020 identified this previously unknown Stumpffia species, which closely resembles Stumpffia kibomena known from Andasibe in the east. Stumpffia lynnaesp. nov. adds another species to the red-bellied species complex, differing from S. kibomena by genetic differentiation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene (3.6–3.9%) and distinct nuclear RAG1 haplotypes, as well as strongly by its advertisement call. The new species is known from across Ambohitantely Special Reserve and Anjozorobe Angavo protected area, but is known only from one complete specimen and eight individual tissue samples. Based on the rarity of the species, the small number of locations in which it has been found, and its disappearing forest habitat, its IUCN Red List classification is suggested as “Endangered”. This species is the first Stumpffia described from Madagascar’s central plateau, highlighting the importance of conserving the remnant forest fragments in this area and the ongoing need to survey and protect this threatened habitat type.
Consensus Document on Perioperative Antithrombotic Management: Part 1. A Review
Authors: Park Yongwhi , Her Ae-Young , Kim Hyun Kuk , Moon Jae Youn , Park Jae Hyoung , Park Keun-Ho , Lee Kyung Hoon , Joo Hyung Joon , Won Ho Yeon , Ahn Sung Gyun , Park Hong Jun , Hong Sung-Jin , Kim Beom Joon , Ban Seung Pil , Suh Jung-Won , Song Young Bin , Cho Jung Rae , Jeong Young-Hoon , Kim Weon , Shin Eun-Seok ,   on behalf of Platelet-Thrombosis Research Group, Korean Society of Interventional Cardiology
Published: June 2022

The prevalence of ischemic heart disease is steadily growing as populations age. Antithrombotic treatment is a key therapeutic modality for the prevention of secondary cerebro-cardiovascular disease. Patients with acute coronary syndrome or who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention must be treated with dual antiplatelet therapy for a mandatory period. The optimal perioperative antithrombotic regimen remains debatable; antithrombotics can cause bleeding. Inadequate antithrombotic regimens are associated with perioperative ischemic events, but continuation of therapy may increase the risks of perioperative hemorrhagic complications (including mortality). Many guidelines on the perioperative management of antithrombotic agents have been established by academic societies. However, the existing guidelines do not cover all specialties, nor do they describe the thrombotic and hemorrhagic risks associated with various surgical interventions. Moreover, few practical recommendations on the modification of antithrombotic regimens in patients who require non-deferrable interventions/surgeries or procedures associated with a high risk of hemorrhage have appeared. Therefore, cardiologists, specialists performing invasive procedures, surgeons, dentists, and anesthesiologists have not come to a consensus on optimal perioperative antithrombotic regimens. The Korean Platelet-Thrombosis Research Group presented a positioning paper on perioperative antithrombotic management. We here discuss commonly encountered clinical scenarios and engage in evidence-based discussion to assist individualized, perioperative antithrombotic management in clinical practice.
Measurement and Interpretation of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide
Authors: Kwon Jae-Woo
Published: June 2022

Nitric oxide is produced by the human lungs and increases in response to type 2 inflammation. The level of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) may reflect type 2 inflammation in the airways, which is related to eosinophilic inflammation and treatment responsiveness to corticosteroids. The FeNO test is a non-invasive, simple, and safe point-of-care test to evaluate airway inflammation. It has been standardized for clinical use and has been widely utilized in daily medical practice. However, various intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect FeNO levels, and understanding and controlling such factors will improve the utility of this measure. The FeNO test can be used to confirm an asthma diagnosis, predict treatment responses to corticosteroids, and guide inhaled corticosteroid therapy for asthma treatment.
The business case for diversity and inclusion in Denmark: A multi-level perspective from discourse to reality
Authors: Castro Christiansen Liza , Bacouel-Jentjens Sabine
Published: June 2022

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une étude de cas des facteurs macro qui ont un impact sur la façon dont une entreprise aborde et conceptualise la gestion de la diversité au Danemark. Un cadre relationnel à plusieurs niveaux a été adopté pour découvrir la situation contextuelle de la gestion de la diversité dans une entreprise manufacturière danoise. Vingt entretiens semi-structurés avec des cadres supérieurs et intermédiaires ont été menés et analysés à l’aide de la méthode Gioia. Les résultats montrent comment les facteurs liés à la diversité au niveau sociétal ont conduit à l’adoption d’un argumentaire « business case » de la gestion de la diversité au niveau organisationnel de l’entreprise concernée. Une orientation sociétale profondément ancrée dans le volontarisme (en contraste avec une obligation légale), combinée à une faible distance de pouvoir, semble favoriser une attitude de type « walk the talk », qui va au-delà de la simple mise en place de la diversité démographique.
Genre, culture et entrepreneuriat des femmes au Maroc. Quels défis ?
Authors: El Abboubi Manal , Constantinidis Christina , Salman Noura
Published: June 2022

Cet article a pour objectif de comprendre comment l’activité entrepreneuriale des femmes au Maroc se construit, au regard des valeurs culturelles et de leur traduction dans les pratiques, et dans les relations avec les parties prenantes. Nous considérons le contexte culturel comme un triptyque composé de « valeurs », de « pratiques » et de « schémas de pensées ». Sur base de 60 entretiens avec des femmes entrepreneures marocaines aux profils diversifiés, nos résultats montrent que les activités entrepreneuriales observées sont tiraillées entre des valeurs, des pratiques et des schémas de pensées tantôt traditionnels, répartissant les rôles de manière sexuées, tantôt libérales, encourageant les femmes à investir la sphère sociale et économique pleinement et publiquement.
Existe-t-il un fossé salarial entre les hommes et les femmes dans les pays en développement ? Une étude de cas en Algérie
Authors: Houanti L’Hocine , Dang Rey , Achabou Mohamed Akli , Bruna Maria Giuseppina
Published: June 2022

Les pays en développement subissent de plein fouet les mutations dues à la mondialisation ; ils demeurent néanmoins résistants à des changements sociétaux, touchant notamment à l’égalité femmes-hommes, en raison du poids de normes culturelles prédominantes au sein des populations locales. La persistance des inégalités entre les sexes entrave le développement social et économique et augmente les privations. Cependant, ces discriminations genrées sont-elles de règle dans toutes les entreprises des pays en développement ? Cet article, en se penchant sur le cas d’une grande entreprise privée algérienne en forte croissance et en voie d’internationalisation, se propose d’étudier les effets de genre sur les écarts de salaire. Le cadre théorique est divisé en trois sous-parties. Dans la première, nous présentons un état de l’art sur la question de l’égalité de genre dans les pays en développement. Les recherches explorées montrent que les femmes y souffrent de deux types de discriminations : le nombre limité de secteurs d’activité auxquels elles ont accès et des salaires plus bas que ceux perçus par leurs homologues masculins. Dans la seconde section, nous mobilisons la théorie du capital humain pour expliquer le lien entre salaire, genre et niveau de qualification. Cette théorie contribue à l’explication des écarts salariaux entre les sexes. In fine , sont prises en compte les variables socio-démographiques (parentalité, état matrimonial, âge) pouvant influencer l’égalité salariale. Le substrat empirique de l’étude repose sur la collecte des données salariales d’une entreprise algérienne du secteur agroalimentaire pour l’année 2016. La base comprend des informations sur les salaires annuels (en DA convertis en euros), le genre, le type de contrat, l’ancienneté, l’âge, la fonction, la catégorie socio-professionnelle, le statut marital et le niveau d’éducation. Au total, la base contient 3 649 observations.
A Measurement Scale for Agile Orientation
Authors: Cohard Philippe , Messeghem Karim
Published: June 2022

L’adaptabilité des entreprises via l’agilité est largement prise en compte dans la transformation numérique qui est au cœur de l’agenda de la recherche en management des systèmes d’information (MSI). Puisant ses origines dans le développement logiciel et la fabrication, l’agilité est fortement liée au MSI, en particulier à la conception et à l’évaluation. De nombreuses études se sont penchées sur les apports de l’agilité, mais ne l’ont pas clairement considérée comme une orientation organisationnelle. Développer une telle compréhension conduit à la question de recherche suivante : quelles sont les dimensions liées à l’orientation agile (OA) et comment peuvent-elles être mesurées ? Pour répondre, cette recherche propose d’utiliser la théorie des capacités dynamiques qui vise à détecter le changement, réaligner et reconfigurer l’organisation ce qui est caractéristique des méthodes agiles. Cette recherche est basée sur une approche de développement d’échelle. Les résultats de cette recherche présentent des apports théoriques : concevoir l’OA à travers les capacités dynamiques, caractériser les dimensions de l’OA et contribuer à la littérature sur l’évaluation des SI en introduisant l’OA comme un déterminant pour expliquer certains phénomènes. Cette notion offre des perspectives pour revisiter des modèles en particulier centrés sur la post adoption. Cette recherche représente également une contribution managériale par la construction d’un indice d’évaluation de l’OA.
Défis et stratégies de légitimation d’une organisation temporaire : étude de cas d’un projet de conception d’une application mobile en e-santé
Authors: Chapel Blandine , Ologeanu-Taddei Roxana , Cases Anne-Sophie , Hayot Maurice
Published: June 2022

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser la manière dont les porteurs de projet construisent la légitimité d’un projet de conception d’une application mobile de e-santé afin d’obtenir le soutien des autres parties prenantes. À travers une étude de cas unique, nous mettons en évidence les défis de légitimation d’un projet TI analysé sous l’angle d’une organisation temporaire. Nous montrons que ce processus de construction de la légitimité est dynamique et continu tout au long du projet, articulant des stratégies de légitimation pragmatiques, morales et cognitives. Notre analyse vient enrichir la littérature sur la légitimité des projets TI en montrant l’importance à la fois de la légitimité du projet et de celle de la TI. De plus, elle complète la littérature en systèmes d’information sur la légitimité des projets de conception d’une TI en introduisant la notion de déficit de légitimation : une légitimité affaiblie, endommagée ou retirée.
Prelicensure Baccalaureate Nursing Students' Attitudes, Beliefs, and Willingness to Care for Transgender Clients
Authors: Mckay Mary , De Santis Joseph , Valdes Beatriz , Salani Deborah
Published: June 2022

Background:

Transgender clients report experiencing discrimination and differential treatment by health care providers in clinical settings. This pilot study assessed prelicensure nursing students' attitudes, beliefs, and willingness to provide care for transgender individuals.

Method:

Participants enrolled in an adult health nursing course were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Survey, and a Willingness to Provide Clinical Care questionnaire.

Results:

Almost all of the participants reported positive attitudes toward transgender clients. Almost all of the participants reported a willingness to provide nursing skills; one participant was unwilling to perform genital or anal-related care.

Conclusion:

The majority of the prelicensure nursing students in this pilot study indicated they were willing to provide nursing care for transgender clients. More research is needed to assess prelicensure nursing students' learning needs regarding the provision of nursing care for transgender individuals.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(6):322–325.]
Nursing Faculty Professional Quality of Life and Resilience in a Changing Educational Environment
Authors: Rothacker-Peyton Sally , Wilson-Anderson Kaye , Mayer Kala
Published: June 2022

Background:

Growing workload demands of nursing faculty has led to an academic work environment that is stressful with loss of work life balance and occupational burnout.

Method:

Full-time faculty were surveyed prior to the pandemic at a private school of nursing using the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL), Bride Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), Conner-Davidson Resilience-10 (CDRS-10), and Trauma Informed Climate Scale (TICS-10).

Results:

The ProQOL revealed moderate faculty burnout scores (mean score, 25.8). The STSS identified two thirds of faculty experienced secondary traumatic stress in various degrees, with one third of faculty respondents experiencing high to severe STSS symptoms. The CDRS-10 identified 42% of faculty scored within the lowest quartile and 13% of faculty scored within the highest quartile.

Conclusion:

Faculty must be provided a safe work environment to limit burn-out, promote resilience, and support work life balance to address the current nursing faculty shortage.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(6):330–333.]
Promoting Academic Integrity in Nursing Education: An Integrative Review
Authors: Amsberry Shelly
Published: June 2022

Background:

The need for nurses of high integrity is a global concern. However, creating a culture of academic integrity (AI) in nursing programs that extends from academic programs into practice has been understudied. This integrative literature review examines strategies to promote academic integrity in nursing education.

Method:

A literature search for articles on AI in nursing education was conducted using the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Education Resources Information Center, Google Scholar, and Academic Search Elite.

Results:

The literature search yielded 11 articles that met inclusion criteria. Results indicated literature on academic integrity is less prevalent than literature on academic dishonesty.

Conclusion:

Articles included in this review revealed a paucity of evidence on strategies to promote academic integrity in nursing education that could positively influence nursing practice. Further research is needed on academic integrity in nursing education.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(6):303–307.]
Cardiac Causes of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death and the Role of the Primary Pediatrician
Authors: Dobson Craig P.
Published: June 2022

Sudden death of an infant can be from numerous causes. The leading cardiac causes include major congenital heart disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, and channelopathies. There are new approaches to evaluating these patients and surviving family members. Pediatricians are a key component in support of the family, investigation of other at-risk family members, and coordination of subspecialty consultation.

[Ped Ann.
2022;51(6):e228–e233.]
Esports: What Do Pediatricians Need to Know?
Authors: Singh Priya , Kumar Sharma Manoj , Galagali Preeti M.
Published: June 2022

Esports has seen a massive increase in the number of players, especially adolescents. Given the recent addition of gaming disorder as a diagnostic disorder, it is especially timely to understand the pattern and psychological factors associated with Esports. Esports is a recent phenomenon, and there is very limited awareness about its related consequences among child health professionals. The aim of this article is to familiarize pediatricians with these games/Esports, as well as gaming disorder assessment and management. Because digital life begins at a young age, pediatricians can empower parents to foster healthy digital citizenship.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2022;51(6):e254–e256.]
Qualitative theory and approximate solution to a dynamical system under modified type Caputo-Fabrizio derivative
Authors: Eiman  , Chasreechai Saowaluck , Sitthiwirattham Thanin , El-Shorbagy M. A. , Sohail Muhammad , Ullah Ubaid , Rahman Mati ur
Published: June 2022

Qualitative theory, together with approximate solutions to a dynamic system, are investigated. The proposed mathematical model is composed of protected, susceptible, infected and treated classes. The adopted model expresses the mechanism of disease due to Typhoid fever. A modified type Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative (CFFD) is considered for the intended results. With the help of fixed point theory, some sufficient conditions for the existence of approximate solutions are developed. Also, to compute an approximate solution with respect to each compartment, we utilize the Laplace Transform and the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). A graphical presentation corresponding to some fundamental data is given.
PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems Using Compressive Sensing for Energy-Efficient 5G Networks
Authors: K. Shri Ramtej , Mariappan Ramasamy
Published: June 2022

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier transmission technique used to accomplish high data rate transmission in wireless communications. OFDM is one of the major players of multi-carrier communication systems in 5G networks due to its high spectral efficiency and is immune to multipath fading. However, the OFDM signal suffers from significant amplitude fluctuations resulting in a large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which is one of the main downsides of OFDM systems. Therefore, limiting the PAPR in OFDM systems is a key issue, as decreasing PAPR results in lower power consumption and hence an extended battery life. Reducing PAPR without degrading power usage efficiency and bit error rate (BER) is a challenging issue in improving communication performance. This chapter discusses the use of compressive sensing for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems to deploy in energy-efficient 5G networks.
RF/Microwave Instruments Evolution
Authors: You Kok Yeow , Lee Yeng Seng
Published: June 2022

This chapter describes the evolution of RF/microwave instruments within two decades. The described RF/microwave instruments focus more on low-cost amateur RF signal sources, power detectors, spectrum analyzers (SA), vector network analyzers (VNA), and software-defined radios (SDR). Each instrument is introduced, and its uses are compared. This chapter reviews in detail the development history and development factors of amateur RF/microwave instruments in the past 20 years. Through this chapter, fresh RF/microwave amateurs and hobbyists will better understand the development of low-cost instruments in the present and also in the future, as well as provide guidelines for RF/microwave amateurs and hobbyists in the selection and purchase of such instruments. In fact, some amateur instruments are also used in 5G researches and IoT applications when considering their instrument size, research budget, and the need to use a large number of instruments in the application.
Tunable Attenuator Based on Hybrid Metal-Graphene Structure on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons Waveguide
Authors: Hlali Aymen , Zairi Hassen
Published: June 2022

A novel type of tunable attenuator on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) waveguide based on hybrid metal-graphene structure for terahertz applications is proposed in this chapter. Two structures are analyzed and designed, where the first is composed of a graphene sheet at only one cell of the SSPP waveguide and the second at all cells. By varying the graphene chemical potential via a biased voltage, the surface conductivity of graphene can be adjusted. Therefore, the attenuation can also be adjusted. Moreover, an equivalent circuit model is proposed to facilitate the designs of the proposed attenuator and offer a general understanding of the attenuation mechanism. Numerical simulation results with the CST simulator and WCIP method have a good agreement with the theoretical results. The simulated results show that the attenuator can obtain an adjustment range from 6.02 to 14.32 dB for the first structure and from 1.58 to 30.93 dB for the second, as the chemical potential rises from 0 to 0.5 eV.
Consumer Behavior Classification in Online Virtual Stores Using Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Lv Zhihan , Haibin Lv
Published: June 2022

This chapter intends to probe into the predictability of consumer behavior classification (CBC) in online virtual stores under the trend of electronic commerce (e-commerce) and provide better consumer services (CS) for online shopping. First, the recurrent neural network (RNN) is expatiated and improved; thereupon, the bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) algorithm is designed and applied to the CBC; then, the support vector machine (SVM) and naive bayes classifier (NBC) are cited, and a CBC prediction model based on multi-class machine learning (ML) algorithms is implemented. Further, the proposed model is compared with other models from the perspectives of precision, accuracy, F1, and recall; the results signify that the proposed CBC prediction model has presented a 93.95% accuracy, which is at least 4.19% higher than that of other literature algorithms; besides, the performance analysis of network data transmission synchronization reveals that the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms with an overall transmission throughput around 1.
From Utilitarian to Hedonic Consumer Behavior
Authors: Kar Mikail
Published: June 2022

How consumers' consumption activities are shaped and what are the motives that push consumers to some behaviors are very important topics in the economics literature. It is widely accepted that consumption is shaped by utilitarian consumption and hedonic consumption motives. It has been observed that the relative utilitarian dimension of consumer activities and consumer behavior has gradually decreased, and the hedonic dimension has gradually increased in the historical process. With the 21st century, it is evaluated that hedonic motives dominate consumption behaviors. This chapter discusses the evolution of consumer behavior from utilitarian consumption to hedonic consumption by considering utilitarian consumption and hedonic consumption approaches and evaluates the latest point of consumer behavior in the socio-digital age that represents the 21st century.
Understanding Organizational Efforts Regarding Child Soldiers in Somalia
Authors: Bolli Praveenrao , Ouassini Nabil
Published: June 2022

A child soldier is an individual under 18 years of age who accompanies or is a part of an armed force or group in any capacity, including cooks, porters, messengers, or girls recruited for sexual purposes and forced into marriage. In the case of Somalia, child soldiers have been embroiled in the armed conflict since the fall of Siad Barre's government in the early 1990s. When the government collapsed, armed groups recruited, captured, and forced children to fight opposing groups. Abducted children were forced to spy, scout and recruit, gather explosives, and at times participate in suicide missions. The fear of recruitment and abduction of Somali children by either armed groups, terrorist organizations, or government forces endures today. This chapter will primarily focus on the exploitation of child soldiers by Al-Shabaab and examine the possible solutions that various organizations and programs can implement to restrict the recruitment of child soldiers in Somalia.
Cultural Responses to Collective Trauma in Different Societies Explains Aspects of Their Identity
Authors: Appiah-Marfo Samuel Yaw
Published: June 2022

Different societies have different ways through which traumatic experiences are handled. This shapes their identity. This chapter will use Eric Berne's psychotherapist transactional analysis theory to emphasize how people relate to one another and establish the extent communications influences human behaviours. The author indicates how the theory underscores societies' and individuals' representations of violent conduct by examining the traumatic experiences of some societies like the Yukpa people and the Jews during and after the Holocaust. Thematic areas will include identity and violence, trauma of war, and group construction of violence, among others. All of these themes are interconnected. Finally, the relevance of this work is to minimize interpersonal and organizational conflicts as well as promote tolerance of divergent views.
A Review of Microplastic Pollution Characteristics in Global Urban Freshwater Catchments
Authors: Xu Yuyao , Chan Faith Ka Shun , Johnson Matthew F. , He Jun , Stanton Thomas
Published: June 2022

Microplastics are the newly identified pollutant of this century, yet they are already detected everywhere worldwide. Microplastic pollution in global marine environments has been intensively reported. Evidence of microplastic pollution is emerging in other environments, including land, freshwater, atmosphere, and organisms. Public concerns were also raised about microplastic pollution around them. From terrestrial environments, through freshwater environments, finally to marine environments, is a major transportation route of microplastic pollution. Human activities are the fundamental source of microplastic pollution. Cities, with the highest population density on this planet, are important sources of microplastic pollutants. This chapter focuses on urban freshwater environments, the first receptor, and major transporter of urban microplastics. By reviewing microplastic pollution in global urban freshwater catchments, urban microplastic pollution characteristics were clarified, and the key information to prevent urban microplastic discharge was sought.
Preventive Measures for Plastic Pollution
Authors: Mwanza Bupe Getrude
Published: June 2022

The production of plastics has rapidly overwhelmed the world's ability to manage it, hence the demanding environmental issues on plastics pollution. The negative effects of plastics have become omnipresent and prompted many studies to be conducted leading to a global treaty. This study focused on reviewing measures for preventing plastic pollution in the environment. Based on the literature review approach, seven key measures are identified: recycling prioritization, utilization of bio-based and biodegradable plastics, improvement of waste collection systems, awareness and education in communities, extended producer responsibility (EPR) enforcement, strengthen stakeholder engagement, and technology and innovations. The study concludes by providing practical recommendations that should be implemented contextually.
Impacts of Microplastics on the Hydrosphere (Aquatic Environment)
Authors: Zehra Alina , Krishna Kavita , Pandey Namrata , Anbumani S.
Published: June 2022

Pollution by microplastics is a recent global problem owing to their preponderance in various matrices like air, water, biota, sediment, or soil and has become a global concern for the future generation sustainability. The mushrooming concerns about the detrimental effects of microplastics (MPs) on biota in response to its crescive detection and quantification in the aqueous ecosystems is looming large since last few decades, and it's a need of the hour for a thorough ecological risk assessment. The chapter highlights the MP production, release, and transport pathways along with its detrimental impacts on the aquatic biota at different levels of biological organization with available degradation approaches.
Environmental Effect of Plastics During the Anthropocene and the Great Acceleration
Authors: Essefi Elhoucine , Hajji Soumaya
Published: June 2022

The aim of this chapter is to investigate the environmental effect of plastics (macroplastic and microplastic) during the Anthropocene and the Great Acceleration. Plastic production has worldwide increased since 1950. For instance, many Tunisian regions such as Bizerte, Kerkennah, and Gabes witness a proliferation of plastic and microplastic. The manifestation of the plastic invasion is obviously dispersed within continental and marine environments. The detection of microplastic needs an extraction protocol and the use of the infrared spectroscopy. Added to their esthetic pollution, effect of plastics on environment and human health remains controversial. On the other hand, microplastic fragments obtained after the partial destruction of plastic represent more serious dangers. These fragments are integrated within the pedosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. They may be eaten by animals, including humans. Plastics are also good and safe niches for pathogenic viruses. They are considered as motivators of the Anthropocene virology.
Trauma-Informed School Counseling
Authors: Render Turmaud Danielle
Published: June 2022

Providing trauma-informed school counseling is imperative to implementing quality school counseling. The purposes of this chapter are to provide readers with a foundational understanding of trauma-informed school counseling, to emphasize the importance of trauma-informed school counseling, and to explain how to apply trauma-informed school counseling. Therefore, the chapter will offer a simplistic model to aid in understanding trauma-informed care, an overview of trauma-informed care guiding principles discussed in the literature, a case-study analysis using trauma-informed care guiding principles, questions for consideration, and general trauma-informed school counseling interventions. The chapter will also include a discussion on the importance of considering contextual and cultural factors in trauma-informed care.
The Elephant in the Room
Authors: Curry-Catanese Lois T.
Published: June 2022

This chapter will provide a brief overview of the history and counseling theories associated with animal-assisted interventions and how school counselors can incorporate the use of animal-assisted interventions into their school's trauma-informed counseling program while examining the benefits of using animal-assisted interventions to promote trust, rapport, and healing for students experiencing any type of direct or indirect trauma. This chapter will also review potential problems, issues, and controversies that may arise in using animal-assisted interventions in the school setting. Finally, the author will offer strategies and ideas for encompassing living and other alternative modalities of animal-assisted interventions within an elementary school counseling program.
Sustainable Current Waste Management Practices and Approaches in the Construction Industry of India
Authors: Konni Madhavi , Pulavarthi Madhuri , Karnena Manoj Kumar
Published: June 2022

Developing countries like India are adopting new construction techniques for waste minimisation and practices due to the stringent rules and regulations from the past few years. However, some construction industries continuously fail to adopt and understand the legislation to minimise the limited use of natural resources. Recycling the construction waste during the construction phases is the new method currently adopted by the construction industries to reduce the waste. The current review attempts to identify the list of the techniques available for the minimization of waste in construction. Further, the authors have listed the various sources of waste generation in the construction industries and how the countries deal with the current waste.
Reliability and Sustainability of Water Transport Systems
Authors: Ancas Ana Diana , Turcanu Florin Emilian , Verdes Marina , Hudisteanu Valeriu Sebastian , Chereches Nelu Cristian
Published: June 2022

The development of populated centers has as a consequence the corresponding increase of the consumption of resources, first of all of the consumption of energy necessary for the transport of the additional flows of water. Their often-limited character materializes the desire to redistribute existing resources in time and space, in accordance with the requirements of the uses served. The widespread introduction, due to competitive prices, of composite pipes, but for which there is insufficient information on their behavior over time, has led to the need to research the sustainability and reliability of new systems in development for water transport. This chapter aims to provide an efficient tool for those interested in managing water supply systems with direct reference to the reliability and sustainability of water transport systems: supply and distribution networks.
Technologies for the Clean and Renewable Energy Production for the Sustainable Environment
Authors: Chaurasia Amit Kumar , Mohapatra Swati , Shankar Ravi , Thakur Lokendra Singh
Published: June 2022

Energy generation or green energy generation from waste materials is a necessity for the sustainable development of our society. In the last two decades, there is substantial scientific and technological development in waste to energy generation research. This chapter discussed the various aspects of the waste to energy generations technologies such as the hydrogen/energy generation from the waste materials. The chapter enlisted the advanced in the technology's development of waste to energy generation. It emphasized the most sustainable way to treat waste and their current state of the art in the waste to energy generation. This chapter also includes the biological, biochemical, and various fuel cells technologies for waste to energy generation. This chapter summarized the various state of the art of hydrogen production technologies from the waste materials or wastewater and emphasized the applications of nanotechnology in the cathode development for the bio-electrochemical system.
Analysis and Comparison of Business Models of Leading Enterprises in the Chinese Hydrogen Energy Industry
Authors: Yu Poshan , Liu Xinyi , Mahendran Ramya , Lu Shengyuan
Published: June 2022

In order to achieve the goals of peak global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2050, it is necessary to promote the transformation of China's energy sector dominated by fossil energy. Hydrogen energy is considered as the “ultimate energy” in the 21st century. It is redefining, restructuring, and transforming the China's energy sector. Therefore, Chinese enterprises need to reshape their value proposition through business model innovation. This chapter selects 10 leading enterprises in China's hydrogen energy industry. Through the business model canvas analysis of their business models, along with policies and development trends of China's hydrogen energy industry, this chapter provides the basic knowledge of popular business models in China's hydrogen industry and puts forward suggestions and research directions for the long-term development of its enterprises.
Adoption of Scholarly Databases in a Developing Country
Authors: Okocha Foluke
Published: June 2022

The study revealed that awareness and acceptance of scholarly databases by undergraduates is still relatively low in Nigeria. Three hundred questionnaires were distributed exploring perceptions of students. Descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and cross-tabulation were carried out in the analysis of data using statistical package for social science (SPSS) software. Science Direct was revealed to be the preferred scholarly database of students with the highest satisfaction level. Findings showed that Agora and Teal were used by agricultural sciences while JSTOR and Ebrary were used more by business and social sciences. However, factors that limited acceptance were challenges of information retrieval skills and student preferred interest for general search engines persist. Undergraduate students were also noted to be more interested in the relevance of the information source than the currency and authority and accuracy of the source. There is a need to improve the information literacy skills and the information retrieval skills of undergraduate students.
The Effect of Alkaline Concentration and Curing Temperature on the Durability of Fly Ash Geopolymer Mortar
Authors: Ourgessa Abel Woldu , Tasew Aseged Tebeje , Hafa Rahel Alemu
Published: June 2022

In this study, fly ash was used to synthesize geopolymer mortar by using an activating solution prepared from a different concentration of NaOH and a highly viscous Na-silicate. The NaOH concentration prepared were 8M, 12M, and 14M. The prepared geopolymers were cured at different temperatures (ambient, 40°C, and 60°C) and were studied to determine their strength, bond structure, mechanical properties, and resistance in an acidic and salty environment using an accelerated durability test. FTIR results showed distinctive peaks of aluminosilicate bond structures. Maximum strength was achieved for 14M samples cured at room temperature. Higher alkalinity resulted in higher compressive and flexural strength and lower water absorption. Lower water absorption capacity and higher resistance to the extreme environment were achieved for samples cured at higher temperatures and higher molarities. The maximum mass loss was 10.9% for 8M cured at ambient temperature exposed to an acidic environment.