bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moderating role of perceived work addiction of managers in the relationship between employees' perfectionism and work addiction: a trait activation theory perspective
Authors: Morkevičiūtė Modesta , Endriulaitienė Auksė
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Earlier authors suggested that a combination of different factors leads to the development of work addiction, hereby indicating that no single perspective is enough to fully understand this phenomenon. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of perceived work addiction of managers in the relationship between employees' perfectionism and work addiction.

Design/methodology/approach

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 964 workers from different organizations in Lithuania. Data were collected by means of online self-administered questionnaires. To test the moderating effect, a covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) path analysis was performed.

Findings

At the level of bivariate correlations, both self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism showed positive links with employees' work addiction. However, in structural equation models only self-oriented perfectionism was related to higher levels of work addiction. Further, although the results of the study did not confirm the assumption about the moderating effect of perceived work addiction of managers on the relationship between employees' self-oriented perfectionism and work addiction, the results showed that a positive relationship between employees' socially prescribed perfectionism and work addiction was strongest when a manager was perceived to be highly addicted to work.

Originality/value

The study enriched understanding of the roots of work addiction by employing trait activation theory (Tett and Burnett, 2003) and explaining how both dispositional and contextual factors interacted in predicting this phenomenon.
Humble PIE: this is just the beginning
Authors: Tickle Anna
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to share reflections on psychologically informed practice and research that has taken place within Opportunity Nottingham and in collaboration with local hostels and agencies. This study conveys a call to action to all stakeholders not to be complacent, but to use learning from Fulfilling Lives as a foundation for future developments.

Design/methodology/approach

This study will use the psychologically informed environments (PIEs) 2.0 elements to structure points of learning from working within Opportunity Nottingham, drawing on wider literature as appropriate. This will allow focus on core areas of interest for all stakeholders and illustrate how the PIE elements can be embedded in thinking.

Findings

Research-informed reflections from a Fulfilling Lives Clinical Psychologist will be offered across the domains of: psychological awareness; staff training and support; learning and enquiry; spaces of opportunity; and rules, roles and responsiveness.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this will be the first paper to use PIE domains to structure a reflective account of learning from a Fulfilling Lives project, contextualised within broader literature.
Can loyal party members be flexible negotiators? Impacts of constituent support, term limits and bipartisan roles
Authors: Druckman Daniel , Parlamis Jennifer , Burns Zachary C.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to conduct two experiments to provide insight into the impacts of Congressional party loyalty on negotiating flexibility. Constituent support, term limits and bipartisan roles were explored as possible moderators of polarization in American political negotiations.

Design/methodology/approach

Experiment 1 used a 2 (party loyalty: loyal/thoughtful) × 2 (constituent support: consistent/mixed districts) experimental design. In experiment 2, party loyalty was constant, and participants were assigned to one of four conditions created by a 2 (term limits: restricted/not restricted) × 2 (role: coordinator/whip) design. In both experiments, flexibility was measured as the percentage of movement on four key budget allocation issues. Participants were recruited using Prolific.

Findings

Experiment 1 demonstrated that loyalty produced less flexibility, particularly with regard to one’s own preferred issues. Constituent support did not influence flexibility. The second experiment found that absence of term limits and presence of bipartisan roles resulted in more movement on the other’s preferred issues.

Research limitations/implications

While the authors’ manipulations have experimental validity, further field research is suggested to assess the fidelity of the authors’ simulation and the ecological validity of the experimental findings.

Practical implications

These findings extend the list of situational levers that impact negotiation flexibility. In particular, based on the authors’ findings, embedding bipartisan roles into traditional Congressional processes could help increase negotiating flexibility and cooperation.

Originality/value

Both the experimental task and variables manipulated in these experiments are embedded in a US Congressional context.
The cost of constituent-rebalancing of Sharīʿah-compliant indexes: lessons for future crises
Authors: Badreldin Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to quantify the cost of rebalancing Sharīʿah-compliant indexes, both economically and statistically.

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical approach is employed where the rebalanced Sharīʿah-compliant index is calculated numerous times with different lags in rebalancing, and the number of stocks and their cost across time are determined in order to identify the optimal rebalancing frequency.

Findings

This paper finds that annual Sharīʿah rebalancing does not lead to significant differences in portfolio returns, even though it does bring some advantages in cumulative wealth starting from the third year onwards and brings about better risk-return characteristics measured in terms of the Sharpe ratio. However, these advantages involve an average annual shifting between 30 and 60% of the portfolio market capitalization, which would be costly at any level of transaction costs.

Practical implications

A private investor may be better off holding a constant portfolio and only rebalancing in three-year intervals since this was shown to possess similar portfolio returns and cumulative wealth results. Any advantages of annual rebalancing in terms of risk-return characteristics may be offset by transaction costs of rebalancing. Sharīʿah scholars and practitioners are to determine when the correct time for rebalancing really is, taking into consideration the cost of rebalancing vis-à-vis the advantages in cumulative wealth and risk-return characteristics of the portfolio.

Originality/value

Predictions that Islamic indexes will perform well during financial crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, miss the cost of frequent rebalancing. This paper addresses this issue in an empirical manner learning from the previous crisis in 2008.
Contingencies in the relationship between trade and internal conflict in Nigeria: the role of the quality of the political institution
Authors: Okunlola Olalekan Charles
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper empirically tests the relationship between conflict and trade in Nigeria from 1986 to 2017.

Design/methodology/approach

This study made use of secondary data. Time-series data were collected from CBN Statistical Bulletin, WDI of the World Bank, MEPV of the Centre for Systemic Peace database, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, political risk ratings of the ICRG, Freedom in the World Country Ratings of Freedom House, and ACLED database. This study used descriptive and econometrics techniques to analyze the data. It adopted the IV-GMM techniques.

Findings

The study found that domestic trade has a negative and significant effect on internal conflict in Nigeria. International trade, on the other hand, does not affect internal conflict. In addition, the interaction of trade and institutions shows that more civil liberties (CL) and lower corruption (COR) complement the effect of domestic and international trade in reducing hostilities in Nigeria over the study period.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of this study is the inaccessibility of data. This study could not access the data on the volume of domestic trade in Nigeria. The study employed value-added tax on all domestic transactions in Nigeria as a proxy for domestic trade in the country. The study recommends that further studies should access the data on the volume of domestic trade as this could help further understand the relationship between domestic trade and internal conflict in Nigeria.

Practical implications

Since the improved domestic trade reduces internal conflict in Nigeria, the government should formulate policies that facilitate trade. Improving anti-graft efforts and CL will ease the process of formulating trade policies and increase the impact of domestic trade on internal conflict. Furthermore, these will reduce trade barriers and transaction costs. This can be achieved if the government strengthens its anti-COR agencies by making them more autonomous. CL can also be increased by enhancing voice and accountability in the country.

Originality/value

This study advances the literature by examining the role political–institutional quality plays in the relationship between trade and conflict.
Nudge with interface designs of online product review systems – Effects of online product review system designs on purchase behavior
Authors: Qu Lianzhuang , Chau Patrick Y. K.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Although considerable evidence shows that online product reviews (OPRs) can greatly affect consumers, how interface designs of OPR systems (i.e. websites where consumers read and write OPRs) impact online buying behavior has not yet been well investigated. Using research on confidence in judgment and the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework, this study aims to develop a model of the effects of OPR system design on consumer purchase behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

A study using a two by two by two factorial experimental design was conducted. The structural model with AMOS 23 based on 319 useable data points was tested.

Findings

Findings are very interesting. First, designs that manipulate positions of reviews impact perceived value but surprisingly have no effects on confidence in judgment. Second, designs using default display order based on helpfulness votes rather than on recency of reviews increase confidence to a higher level. Third, although unstructured organization methods are used by many major OPR systems, they are inferior in enhancing consumers’ emotional reactions to structured ones.

Research limitations/implications

This paper highlights the need for more academic research on how interface designs of online product review systems impact purchase behavior. Additionally, this study emphasizes the need for examining how confidence in judgment is impacted in the online environment.

Practical implications

For practitioners, this research provides them with design implications on how to increase consumer purchase behavior.

Originality/value

This research enhances the understanding of the effects of OPR system interface design on purchase behavior. In addition, the current paper sheds light on how confidence in judgment, given its importance in reducing online consumer’s hesitance to buy, is impacted by various interface designs of OPR systems. Furthermore, this study applies the SOR framework to the context of OPR system designs.
The effect of IFRS adoption on accrual-based and real earnings management: emerging markets' perspective
Authors: Viana Dante Baiardo Cavalcante , Lourenço Isabel Maria Estima Costa , Paulo Edilson
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study analyzes the effect of the mandatory adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the level of both accruals-based (AEM) and real earnings management (REM) in a comprehensive sample of firms from emerging markets. It also analyzes whether this effect differs depending on the nature/extent of IFRS adoption (full versus modified).

Design/methodology/approach

Some previous studies predominantly made up of samples from developed countries suggest a substitution of AEM for REM in the post-IFRS period. The authors test whether this trade-off among the two earnings management strategies is also evident in emerging markets, based on a sample of 27,789 firm-year observations from 18 countries between 2000 and 2018.

Findings

The results suggest that IFRS adoption in emerging markets is associated with the replacement of REM by AEM, unlike previous overall evidence in developed countries where firms appear to do the opposite. The results also show that this replacement is lower in the emerging markets fully applying IFRS, when compared to those applying a modified version of these international standards.

Practical implications

Possibly due to the poor institutional environment of emerging markets, coupled with greater flexibility inherited of IFRS principles-based approach, the authors reiterate an imminent concern about IFRS encouraging substitution of REM for AEM in emerging countries, namely in those applying a modified version of IFRS.

Originality/value

While the predominant IFRS literature in emerging markets remains focused on analyzing only single-country studies, promoting clearly mixed results, the authors enhance such discussion and foster this debate on a more international level by analyzing the joint effect of IFRS in 18 emerging markets and by comparing the effect of full and modified IFRS adoption.
Environmental performance and environmental disclosure relationship: the moderating effects of environmental cost disclosure in emerging Asian countries
Authors: Ifada Luluk Muhimatul , Saleh Norman Mohd
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the effect of environmental performance (EP) on environmental disclosure (ED) and determine whether environmental costs (ECs) moderate this relationship. This paper extends legitimacy theory that focuses on the commonly assumed interaction between companies and community, with the effect of quantitative information that can summarize a large amount of narrative disclosure and its effect on narrative ED.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses regression analysis on 492 unbalanced panel data of emerging Asian countries' publicly listed companies between 2006 and 2019.

Findings

Results show that EP has a positive effect on ED. EC weakens the effect of EP and ED.

Originality/value

Extending the incentives to signal EP through disclosure, this cross-country study tests how quantitative EC information can summarize the narrative and reduce the level of disclosure. This paper also proves the summarization effect of environmental cost diminution in countries with low market sophistication.
An investigation of early enteral nutrition provision in major burn patients in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Kurmis Rochelle , Nicholls Caroline , Singer Yvonne , Edgar Dale W. , Wood Fiona M. , Gabbe Belinda J. , Tracy Lincoln M.
Published: June 2022

Aims

Early enteral nutrition (provided within 24 h of admission) is the optimal form of nutritional support for major burn injuries. The aim of this study was to (i) audit early enteral nutrition practices, (ii) identify characteristics of patients who received early enteral nutrition, and (iii) investigate whether early enteral nutrition was associated with in‐hospital outcomes.

Methods

An analysis of prospectively collected data from the Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand was conducted. Specifically, this study focused on major burns patients (defined as burns affecting more than 20% and 15% total body surface area for adult paediatric patients, respectively) admitted to a specialist burn service between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2019.

Results

Data from 474 major burns patients (88 paediatric patients) revealed 69% received early enteral nutrition. Paediatric patients who received early enteral nutrition were younger than their counterparts who did not receive the same support (p = 0.04). Adult patients who received early enteral nutrition sustained larger burns (p < 0.001). Early enteral nutrition was not associated with in‐hospital mortality following major burn injury in adult patients in either unadjusted (p = 0.77) or confounder‐adjusted (p = 0.69) analyses.

Conclusions

Approximately two‐thirds of patients with major burn injuries received early enteral nutrition. Early enteral nutrition was not associated with in‐hospital mortality following major burn injury. Further research should focus on modifiable reasons why major burns patients do not receive enteral nutrition within 24 h of admission.
Wetlands in drylands: Use and conflict dynamics at the human–wildlife interface in Mbire District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Matema Steven , Eilers Catharina H. A. M. , van der Zijpp Akke J. , Giller Ken E.
Published: June 2022

Wetlands in drylands are important resources for agriculture and wildlife, but competition may result in human–wildlife conflict. We sought to understand conditions under which people and wildlife sharing wetlands in drylands may coexist. We applied track counts in riverine wetlands in the dry and wet season (n = 36 days) using belt transects, focus group discussions (n = 3), key informant interviews (n = 26), a household socio‐economic survey (n = 180) and secondary data analysis to study human–wildlife interactions in a community‐based wildlife management area in Zimbabwe. Twenty‐six wildlife species that used riverine wetlands were identified. High population density and riverine agriculture — with access to cattle and ploughs enabling cultivation of larger fields — limited wildlife access to wetlands. Seasonality, drought, water availability and soil fertility, aggravated by limited alternative livelihood opportunities and lack of political will to control cropping and settlement in wetlands, were drivers of conflict. Hence, models based on population pressure and resource availability are insufficient to inform human–wildlife conflict mitigation. Strategies that undercut rent‐seeking behaviour are needed to enable human–wildlife coexistence. Concerted action among stakeholders including linking wildlife conservation benefits to compliance with wetland‐use regulations, water‐user committees, water provisioning and labour‐saving technologies in uplands, livelihood diversification and incentivised production of drought‐tolerant crops are recommended.
How leader emotional labour is associated with creativity: A self‐determination theory perspective
Authors: Shao Bo , Lin Xiaoshuang , Duan Jinyun
Published: June 2022

Emotional labour is an important but overlooked leadership function. In the present research, we draw from the self‐determination theory perspective and take a leader‐centric approach to examine how different leader emotional labour strategies affect leaders' own creativity. Using data collected from 118 leaders and 352 team members at three time points, we found that leader surface acting harmed leader creativity by reducing fulfillment of leader autonomy, while leader deep acting boosted leader creativity by increasing fulfillment of leader autonomy. Neither did leader surface acting nor deep acting influence leader creativity through competence or relatedness fulfillment. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the present research.
Dysregulated minor intron splicing in cancer
Authors: Nishimura Koutarou , Yamazaki Hiromi , Zang Weijia , Inoue Daichi
Published: June 2022

Pre‐mRNA splicing is now widely recognized as a cotranscriptional and post‐transcriptional mechanism essential for regulating gene expression and modifying gene product function. Mutations in genes encoding core spliceosomal proteins and accessory regulatory splicing factors are now considered among the most recurrent genetic abnormalities in patients with cancer, particularly hematologic malignancies. These include mutations in the major (U2‐type) and minor (U12‐type) spliceosomes, which remove >99% and ~0.35% of introns, respectively. Growing evidence indicates that aberrant splicing of evolutionarily conserved U12‐type minor introns plays a crucial role in cancer as the minor spliceosome component, ZRSR2, is subject to recurrent, leukemia‐associated mutations, and intronic mutations have been shown to disrupt the splicing of minor introns. Here, we review the importance of minor intron regulation, the molecular effects of the minor (U12‐type) spliceosomal mutations and cis‐regulatory regions, and the development of minor intron studies for better understanding of cancer biology.
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 exerts functions in gastric cancer development via modulating microRNA‐222‐3p methylation and WEE1 expression
Authors: Feng Yan , Wang Chun , Shi Tian , Liu Weidong , Liu Huan , Zhu Bo , Gao Feng
Published: June 2022

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been studied in gastric cancer (GC), while the role of EZH2 in GC via binding to microRNA (miR)‐222‐3p remains obscure. This research aims to unravel the regulatory mechanism of EZH2 in GC progression via the modulation of miR‐222‐3p/WEE1 axis. Initially, EZH2, miR‐222‐3p, and WEE1 levels in GC cells and tissues were examined. Thereafter, constructs altering EZH2, miR‐222‐3p, or WEE1 expression were transfected into GC cells to determine the malignant behaviors involved in tumorigenesis of GC cells. Finally, the targeting relations among EZH2, miR‐222‐3p, and WEE1 were validated. EZH2 and WEE1 were upregulated while miR‐222‐3p was down‐regulated in GC tissues and cells. The decreased EZH2, silenced WEE1, or restored miR‐222‐3p constrained the malignant behaviors involved in tumorigenesis of GC cells. Deletion of miR‐222‐3p could reverse the effect of silenced EZH2 on suppressing the biological functions of GC cells. EZH2 could bind to the promoter of miR‐222‐3p, and there was a targeting relationship between miR‐222‐3p and WEE1. Our study demonstrates that EZH2 promotes GC development via the modulation of miR‐222‐3p/WEE1 axis, thus providing promising therapeutic targets for GC therapy.
Hyb‐Seq provides new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the Chrysanthemum zawadskii species complex in China
Authors: Lu Wen‐Xun , Hu Xue‐Ying , Wang Zi‐Zhao , Rao Guang‐Yuan
Published: June 2022

A species complex is an assemblage of closely related species with blurred boundaries, and from which species could arise from different speciation processes and/or a speciation continuum. Such a complex can provide an opportunity to investigate evolutionary mechanisms acting on speciation. The Chrysanthemum zawadskii species complex in China, a monophyletic group of Chrysanthemum, consists of seven species with considerable morphological variation, diverse habitats and different distribution patterns. Here, we used Hyb‐Seq data to construct a well‐resolved phylogeny of the C. zawadskii complex. Then, we performed comparative analyses of variation patterns in morphology, ecology and distribution to investigate the roles of geography and ecology in this complex’s diversification. Lastly, we implemented divergence time estimation, species distribution modelling and ancestral area reconstruction to trace the evolutionary history of this complex. We concluded that the C. zawadskii complex originated in the Qinling–Daba mountains during the early Pliocene and then spread west and northward along the mountain ranges to northern China. During this process, geographical and ecological factors imposing different influences resulted in the current diversification and distribution patterns of this species complex, which is composed of both well‐diverged species and diverging lineages on the path of speciation.
Co‐benefits for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem services available from contrasting land protection policies in the contiguous United States
Authors: Vijay Varsha , Fisher Jonathan R. B. , Armsworth Paul R.
Published: June 2022

Conservation organizations seek to achieve multiple benefits for biodiversity and ecosystem services through protected area expansion, necessitating an understanding of potential co‐benefits and trade‐offs. We use benefit functions derived from modeled and best‐available data to characterize five benefits (habitat area, total species richness, threatened species richness, carbon storage, and recreational use) and examine how trade‐off assessments are influenced by policy context, when controlling for the effect of cost and future conversion threat. We applied a pairwise correlation (broad actions) and a “best sites” approach (narrow actions) for land protection across the contiguous United States. We also considered the spatial footprint of regional and thematic policies. Nationally, we find strong potential for co‐benefits between biodiversity, habitat, and carbon storage. Scope for co‐benefits is weaker when including recreational use, an ecosystem service driven primarily by human population. Crucially, we show that the conclusions one would draw regarding scope for co‐benefits can change markedly depending on the context and spatial footprint of policy decisions.
Systematic review of guidelines for managing physical health during treatment for substance use disorders: Implications for the alcohol and other drug workforce
Authors: Osborne Briony , Larance Briony , Ivers Rowena , Deane Frank P. , Robinson Laura D. , Kelly Peter J.
Published: June 2022

Issues

Substance use disorders are associated with significant physical health comorbidities, necessitating an integrated treatment response. However, service fragmentation can preclude the management of physical health problems during addiction treatment. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the recommendations made by clinical practice guidelines for addressing the physical health of people attending alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment.

Approach

An iterative search strategy of grey literature sources was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021 to identify clinical practice guidelines. Content pertaining to physical health care during AOD treatment was extracted. Quality of guidelines were appraised using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE‐II) tool.

Findings

Thirty‐three guidelines were included for review. Fourteen guidelines were considered high quality based on AGREE‐II scores. Neurological conditions (90.9%) and hepatitis (81.8%) were the most frequent health problems addressed. Most guidelines recommended establishing referral pathways to address physical health comorbidities (90.9%). Guidance on facilitating these referral pathways was less common (42.4%). Guidelines were inconsistent in their recommendations related to oral health, tobacco use, physical activity, nutrition and the use of standardised assessment tools.

Implications and Conclusions

Greater consistency and specificity in the recommendations made for integrating physical health care within addiction treatment is needed. Ensuring that recommendations are applicable to the AOD workforce and to treatment services limited by funding and resource constraints should enhance implementation. Future guideline development groups should consider increased consultation with the AOD workforce and inclusion of clinical tools and decision aids to facilitate referral pathways.
Treatment of children with infantile spasms: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Jain Puneet , Sahu Jitendra K. , Horn Paul S. , Chau Vann , Go Cristina , Mahood Quenby , Arya Ravindra
Published: June 2022

Aim

We performed a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) to obtain comparative effectiveness estimates and rankings of non‐surgical interventions used to treat infantile spasms.

Method

All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including children 2 months to 3 years of age with infantile spasms (with hypsarrhythmia or hypsarrhythmia variants on electroencephalography) receiving appropriate first‐line medical treatment were included. Electroclinical and clinical remissions within 1 month of starting treatment were analyzed.

Results

Twenty‐two RCTs comparing first‐line treatments for infantile spasms were reviewed; of these, 17 were included in the NMA. Both frequentist and Bayesian network rankings for electroclinical remission showed that high dose adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), methylprednisolone, low dose ACTH and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) combination, low dose ACTH, and high dose prednisolone were most likely to be the ‘best’ interventions, although these were not significantly different from each other. For clinical remission, low dose ACTH/MgSO4 combination, high dose ACTH (with/without vitamin B6), high dose prednisolone, and low dose ACTH were ‘best’.

Interpretation

Treatments including ACTH and high dose prednisolone are more effective in achieving electroclinical and clinical remissions for infantile spasms.

What this paper adds

Adrenocorticotropic hormone and high dose prednisolone are more effective than other medications for infantile spasms.

Symptomatic etiology decreases the likelihood of remission even after adjusting for treatment lag.
Alternations in the foraging behaviour of a primary consumer drive patch transition dynamics in a temperate rocky reef ecosystem
Authors: Smith Joshua G. , Tinker M. Tim
Published: June 2022

Understanding the role of animal behaviour in linking individuals to ecosystems is central to advancing knowledge surrounding community structure, stability and transition dynamics. Using 22 years of long‐term subtidal monitoring, we show that an abrupt outbreak of purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), which occurred in 2014 in southern Monterey Bay, California, USA, was primarily driven by a behavioural shift, not by a demographic response (i.e. survival or recruitment). We then tracked the foraging behaviour of sea urchins for 3 years following the 2014 outbreak and found that behaviour is strongly associated with patch state (forest or barren) transition dynamics. Finally, in 2019, we observed a remarkable recovery of kelp forests at a deep rocky reef. We show that this recovery was associated with sea urchin movement from the deep reef to shallow water. These results demonstrate how changes in grazer behaviour can facilitate patch dynamics and dramatically restructure communities and ecosystems.
Investigating paraneoplastic aquaporin‐4‐IgG‐seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder through a data‐driven approach
Authors: Dinoto Alessandro , Borin Giovanni Umberto , Campana Giulia , Carta Sara , Ferrari Sergio , Mariotto Sara
Published: June 2022

Background

Aquaporin‐4 IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4‐IgG NMOSD) might occur in association with cancer. According to diagnostic criteria, a probable paraneoplastic NMOSD can be diagnosed only in patients with isolated myelitis and adenocarcinoma or tumors expressing AQP4. The aim of this study was to explore the features of paraneoplastic NMOSD through a data‐driven approach.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed. Patients with AQP4‐IgG positivity in association with tumor in the absence of history of checkpoint inhibitors administration/central nervous system metastases were included. Demographic, clinical, and oncological data were collected. A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed and data were compared between resulting clusters.

Results

A total of 1333 records were screened; 46 studies (72 patients) fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median age was 54 (14–87) years; adenocarcinoma occurred in 41.7% of patients, and 44% of cases had multifocal index events. Cancer and NMOSD usually co‐occurred. HCA classified patients in three clusters that differed in terms of isolated/multifocal attacks, optic neuritis, pediatric onset, and type of underlying tumor. Age, time from neoplasm to NMOSD onset, and tumor AQP4 staining did not differ between clusters.

Conclusions

Our data‐driven approach reveals that paraneoplastic NMOSD does not present a homogeneous phenotype nor peculiar features. Accordingly, cancer screening may be useful in AQP4‐IgG NMOSD regardless of age and clinical presentation.
Who carries the baby? How lesbian couples in the Netherlands choose birth motherhood
Authors: Geerts Allison , Evertsson Marie
Published: June 2022

Objective

The purpose of the study is to contribute to an understanding of the cultural and normative meaning of birth motherhood and how lesbian couples decide who carries the child.

Background

The decision of who carries the child is central in lesbian family‐making, carrying consequences for life after birth. Even so, it has been relatively overlooked in research. Drawing from the sociology of personal life and Park's (2013) conceptualization of monomaternalism, we study how informants consider and decide birth motherhood.

Method

Semistructured interviews with both partners in 21 pregnant lesbian couples in the Netherlands were thematically analyzed.

Results

The meaning of birth motherhood was ambivalent, linked to femininity, socially recognized motherhood, and biogenetic imaginaries. In couples where both wanted to carry, age, which carried different symbolic meanings, was a powerful tiebreaker.

Conclusion

Our study shows how the monomaternalist norm shapes conceptualizations of birth motherhood. Desires to experience pregnancy are strong for many. Referring to age can be a way for couples to defuse tension, but it can also be a resource drawn upon to close further negotiations.

Implications

Our study carries implications for policy makers, health care workers, and mothers‐to‐be. Scholarly, it illuminates the ways in which motherhood, in its various forms, is perceived and recognized.
Open Source Software for Spatial Data Science
Authors: Anselin Luc , Rey Sergio J.
Published: June 2022

Much progress has been made in the development of software tools for spatial analysis since the special issue of Geographical Analysis appeared in 2006, devoted to “Recent advances in software for spatial analysis in the social sciences” (Rey and Anselin 2006). The 15 some years since the publication of the issue have been marked by major changes in the spatial analytical software landscape. Arguably, three important and somewhat related phenomena can be distinguished that drove these changes: the embedding of spatial analysis into spatial data science; the growing recognition of open science/open source principles in empirical work; and the increasing adoption of a literate programming perspective.
Breeding forages with climate resiliency in temperate/tropical transition zones
Authors: Quesenberry Kenneth H. , Rios Esteban F. , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Blount Ann R. , Reith Paul E.
Published: June 2022

As the earth's climate changes, the ability of breeders to select for traits within forage species that impart adaptability to these changes will be critical for the maintenance of grassland agricultural systems. Temperate ‐ tropical climate transition zones (between 27 and 31° N and S latitude) have proven to be ideal zones for breeding species with variable climate adaptation. Programs located in these regions have the advantage of exposure to alternating extreme warm and cold temperatures, drought and flood conditions, and a multitude of biotic pests including fungi, viruses, insects and nematodes. In this paper we will present examples of how forage breeding programs in north‐central Florida have capitalized on these distinct advantages for selection of cultivars with resiliency to changing climate variables. Breeding programs in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) will be discussed as examples for moving cool season species into warmer climates. Species attributes that contribute to climate resiliency will be identified and described. The ability to identify small changes in genetic photoperiod responses in these regions, are illustrated as an advantage when the objective is development of earlier or later maturity. Transition zones also provide suitable environments for biotic stresses, from both tropical and temperate areas, including fungal diseases, nematodes, and insects, offering desirable field environments for screening and genetic improvement.
Proteomic analysis of infected root canals with apical periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Loureiro Caroline , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Pessan Juliano Pelim , Ventura Talita Mendes Oliveira , Pelá Vinícius Taioqui , Ribeiro Ana Paula Fernandes , Jacinto Rogério de Castilho
Published: June 2022

Aim

This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the proteomic profile of apical periodontitis (AP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in comparison with systemically noncompromised patients and to correlate the protein expression of both groups with their biological functions.

Methodology

The sample consisted of 18 patients with asymptomatic AP divided into two groups according to the presence of T2DM: diabetic group—patients with T2DM (n = 9) and control group—systemically healthy patients (n = 9). After sample collection, the root canal samples were prepared for proteomic analysis using reverse‐phase liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed by Protein Lynx Global Service software. Differences in protein expression between groups were calculated using t‐test (p < .05). Biological functions were analysed using the Homo sapiens UniProt database.

Results

A total of 727 human proteins were identified in all samples. Among them, 124 proteins common to both groups were quantified, out of which 65 proteins from the diabetic group showed significant differences compared with the control: 43 upregulated (p < .05) and 22 downregulated (p < .05) proteins. No significant differences in protein expression were seen for the remaining 59 proteins (p > .05). Most proteins with differences in expression were related to immune/inflammatory response. Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, Plastin‐2, Lactotransferrin and 13 isoforms of immunoglobulins were upregulated. In contrast, Protein S100‐A8, Protein S100‐A9, Histone H2B, Neutrophil defensin 1, Neutrophil defensin 3 and Prolactin‐inducible protein were downregulated.

Conclusions

Quantitative differences were demonstrated in the expression of proteins common to diabetic and control groups, mainly related to immune response, oxidative stress, apoptosis and proteolysis. These findings revealed biological pathways that provide the basis to support clinical findings on the relationship between AP and T2DM.
Concomitant hypertrophic lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma: Clinical features and treatment outcomes
Authors: Idriss Munir H. , Barbosa Naiara , Chang Michael B. , Gibson Lawrence , Baum Christian L. , Vidal Nahid Y.
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients with hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) diagnoses present clinicians with diagnostic and disease management challenges.

Objective

To better define the clinical and treatment outcomes of patients with concomitant diagnoses of HLP and SCC.

Methods and Materials

A retrospective review was performed from January 1, 2008, to July 31, 2015, at Mayo Clinic. Patients with a histologic diagnosis of HLP and SCC were included. Patient demographics, associated comorbidities, histopathologic characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were evaluated.

Results

Thirty‐three patients were identified; 79% were female, and mostly the lower extremities were involved. Most of the SCCs were well‐differentiated and in situ with the majority treated with destruction or excision. There were no cases of local recurrence, metastasis, or disease‐specific death during the follow‐up period (mean 55.8 months).

Conclusion

Patients with diagnoses of both HLP and SCC appear to be a distinct population that is predominantly female with lesion predilection for the lower extremities. However, regardless of treatment modality or tumor size, there were no adverse outcomes. An initial trial of more conservative treatment measures with close follow‐up may be reasonable with biopsy of lesions unresponsive to conventional treatment.
Metaphylactic antimicrobial effects on occurrences of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. measured longitudinally from feedlot arrival to harvest in high-risk beef cattle
Authors: Long Nathan S. , Wells James E. , Berry Elaine D. , Legako Jerrad F. , Woerner Dale R. , Loneragan Guy H. , Broadway Paul R. , Carroll Jeff A. , Sanchez Nicole C. Burdick , Fernando Samodha C. , Bacon Carley M. , Helmuth Cory L. , Smock Taylor M. , Manahan Jeff L. , Hoffman Ashley A. , Hales Kristin E.
Published: June 2022

Aims

Our objective was to determine how injectable antimicrobials affected populations of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in feedlot cattle.

Methods and Results

Two arrival date blocks of high-risk crossbred beef cattle (n = 249; mean BW = 244 kg) were randomly assigned one of four antimicrobial treatments administered on day 0: sterile saline control (CON), tulathromycin (TUL), ceftiofur (CEF) or florfenicol (FLR). Faecal samples were collected on days 0, 28, 56, 112, 182 and study end (day 252 for block 1 and day 242 for block 2). Hide swabs and subiliac lymph nodes were collected the day before and the day of harvest. Samples were cultured for antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. The effect of treatment varied by day across all targeted bacterial populations (p ≤ 0.01) except total E. coli. Total E. coli counts were greatest on days 112, 182 and study end (p ≤ 0.01). Tulathromycin resulted in greater counts and prevalence of Salmonella from faeces than CON at study end (p ≤ 0.01). Tulathromycin and CEF yielded greater Salmonella hide prevalence and greater counts of 128ERYR E. coli at study end than CON (p ≤ 0.01). No faecal Salmonella resistant to tetracyclines or third-generation cephalosporins were detected. Ceftiofur was associated with greater counts of 8ERYR Enterococcus spp. at study end (p ≤ 0.03). By the day before harvest, antimicrobial use did not increase prevalence or counts for all other bacterial populations compared with CON (p ≥ 0.13).

Conclusions

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in feedlot cattle is not caused solely by using a metaphylactic antimicrobial on arrival, but more likely a multitude of environmental and management factors.
Unique prediction of developmental psychopathology from genetic and familial risk
Authors: Loughnan Robert J. , Palmer Clare E. , Makowski Carolina , Thompson Wesley K. , Barch Deanna M. , Jernigan Terry L. , Dale Anders M. , Fan Chun Chieh
Published: June 2022

Background

Early detection is critical for easing the rising burden of psychiatric disorders. However, the specificity of psychopathological measurements and genetic predictors is unclear among youth.

Methods

We measured associations between genetic risk for psychopathology (polygenic risk scores (PRS) and family history (FH) measures) and a wide range of behavioral measures in a large sample (n = 5,204) of early adolescent participants (9–11 years) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development StudySM. Associations were measured both with and without accounting for shared variance across measures of genetic risk.

Results

When controlling for genetic risk for other psychiatric disorders, polygenic risk for problematic opioid use (POU) is uniquely associated with lower behavioral inhibition. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression (DEP), and attempted suicide (SUIC) PRS shared many significant associations with externalizing, internalizing, and psychosis‐related behaviors. However, when accounting for all measures of genetic and familial risk, these PRS also showed clear, unique patterns of association. Polygenic risk for ASD, BIP, and SCZ, and attempted suicide uniquely predicted variability in cognitive performance. FH accounted for unique variability in behavior above and beyond PRS and vice versa, with FH measures explaining a greater proportion of unique variability compared to the PRS.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that, among youth, many behaviors show shared genetic influences; however, there is also specificity in the profile of emerging psychopathologies for individuals with high genetic risk for particular disorders. This may be useful for quantifying early, differential risk for psychopathology in development.
Factors associated with severity of atopic dermatitis – a Finnish cross‐sectional study
Authors: Salava A. , Salo V. , Leppänen J. , Lauerma A. , Remitz A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Severity‐associated factors in atopic dermatitis (AD) have focussed on early onset, concomitant atopic diseases, markers of Th2‐shifted inflammation and filaggrin mutations.

Objectives

To investigate factors associated with severe AD in Finnish patients.

Methods

We conducted a single‐centre, cross‐sectional observational study with 502 AD patients aged 4.79 to 79.90 years (mean 32.08 years). Disease severity was assessed with the Rajka–Langeland severity score and EASI and associated clinical signs were evaluated. Data regarding onset, relatives, atopic and other comorbidities was gathered retrospectively. We investigated total serum IgE‐levels, a panel of filaggrin null mutations and functional variants of genes associated with skin barrier defects.

Results

Factors more frequent in severe AD included early onset (P = 0.004, 95%CI 0.000–0.024), male sex (P = 0.002, 95%CI 0.000–0.11), history of smoking (P = 0.012, 95%CI 0.000–0.024), concomitant asthma (P = 0.001, 95%CI 0.000–0.011), palmar hyperlinearity (P = 0.013, 95%CI 0.014–0.059), hand dermatitis (P = 0.020, 95%CI 0.000–0.029) and history of contact allergy (P = 0.042, 95%CI 0.037–0.096). Body mass indices (P < 0.000, 95%CI 0.000–0.011) and total serum IgE‐levels (P < 0.000, 95%CI 0.000–0.011) were higher in severe AD. No differences were observed for allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy, peanut allergy, prick positivity, keratosis pilaris, history of herpes simplex infections, filaggrin null mutations and other gene variants.

Conclusions

Severity determinants in Finnish patients seem to be early‐onset, male sex, smoking, overweight, concomitant asthma, palmar hyperlinearity, hand dermatitis and high IgE‐levels. A sub‐typing of patients in relation to confirmed severity determinants may be useful for course prediction, prognosis and targeted AD management.
Effects of Fe3+ in sillimanite on mineral stabilities and parageneses in ultrahigh‐temperature metapelites
Authors: Wang Bin , Wei Chunjing
Published: June 2022

Based on the nature of ferric sillimanite, an activity model for sillimanite containing Fe3+ is constructed, tested and adopted to calculate phase equilibria of pelitic compositions under ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) conditions. The calculated P–T projections and pseudosections suggest that the incorporation of Fe3+ into sillimanite can fairly solve the current imperfectly topological match between thermodynamic calculations and synthetic experiments, especially at high oxygen fugacity. Fe3+ in sillimanite remarkably elevates the temperature to switch the parageneses of orthopyroxene + sillimanite (Opx + Sil) and sapphirine + quartz (Spr + Qz) in oxidized metapelites, with an increment around 50–70°C. The calculated compatibility diagrams show that the widely approbatory UHT‐diagnostic mineral assemblages of Opx + Sil and Spr + Qz usually occur in metapelites with high Mg/Fe2+ ratios, which depend on both bulk‐rock MgO and oxygen fugacity, whereas the metapelites with low Mg/Fe2+ ratios are characterized by the assemblage of Garnet + sillimanite (Grt + Sil) with or without spinel (Spl) in UHT conditions. Moreover, comprehensive comparisons suggest that the essential petrogenetic framework of natural UHT metapelites is mostly governed by the two metamorphic reactions of Opx + Sil = Spr + Grt and Grt + Sil = Spl + Spr.