bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in 1D Photonic Crystals: Diverse Morphologies and Distinctive Structural Colors for Multifaceted Applications
Authors: Kou Donghui , Zhang Shufen , Ma Wei
Published: March 2024

1D photonic crystals (1DPCs) with hierarchically structured lamellar periodic frameworks that enable precise control of light‐matter interactions and contribute robust structural colors represent a groundbreaking advancement in optical materials. The microstructural characteristics and the constituent material properties of these photonic materials play pivotal roles in determining their optical performance and functionality. In recent years, a diverse array of novel 1D photonic structures crafted from various materials emerged, showcasing their tremendous potential in advanced applications. This article provides an in‐depth review of the recent developments in 1DPCs, emphasizing their morphological designs, fabrication strategies, and optical applications. In detail, 1DPCs featuring distinct geometrical morphologies, including lamellar, helical, fibrous, spherical, and nanochained structures are systematically introduced, highlighting the unique optical properties arising from their periodic microstructures. Then, various fabrication methods, involving some innovative techniques utilizing standing‐wave optics, UV dual photopolymerization, and inkjet printing, are succinctly summarized for constructing different photonic structures by using diverse building materials. Subsequently, some typical application examples of 1D photonic materials are listed and discussed involving visual sensing, intelligent displays, anti‐counterfeiting technology, photonic pigments, and optical devices. Finally, the passage addresses the current challenges and presents a forward‐looking perspective on the future fabrication and application of 1DPCs.
A2Pb3[H2N(CH2COO)2]3Cl5 (A = K, Rb): Porous Crystals Constructed on [Pb3Cl5O6] Clusters with Comprehensive Nonlinear Optical Performance
Authors: Zhu Yahui , Ma Zuju , Li Shuangcheng , Geng Zilong , Fu Ruibiao
Published: March 2024

Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals that can extend the frequency range of coherent light have significant applications in laser technology, semiconductor manufacturing, and lithography. Herein, two interesting NLO crystals, A2Pb3[H2N(CH2COO)2]3Cl5 (A = K, Rb), are rationally obtained. Their porous structures are constructed on [Pb3Cl5O6] clusters that possess large hyperpolarizability and polarizability anisotropy, and are arranged in a parallel manner. Remarkably, A2Pb3[H2N(CH2COO)2]3Cl5 (A = K, Rb) exhibits comprehensive NLO performance, including strong phase‐matching second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response, the widest bandgap among lead oxychloride NLO crystals, larger laser damage threshold than 127 MW cm−2, suitable birefringence of 0.11@1064 nm, high thermal stability, non‐deliquescence, as well as facile crystal growth. Theoretical calculations and structural analysis demonstrate that their strong SHG response is predominantly originated from the [Pb3Cl5O6] cluster. This study will provide a unique method for the discovery of new interesting NLO crystals in future.
Aspirin‐Mediated Acetylation of SIRT1 Maintains Intestinal Immune Homeostasis
Authors: Xie Liangguo , Li Chaoqun , Wang Chao , Wu Zhen , Wang Changchun , Chen Chunyu , Chen Xiaojian , Zhou Dejian , Zhou Qiang , Lu Ping , Ding Chen , Liu Chen‐Ying , Lin Jinzhong , Zhang Xumin , Yu Xiaofei , Yu Wei
Published: March 2024

Aspirin, also named acetylsalicylate, can directly acetylate the side‐chain of lysine in protein, which leads to the possibility of unexplained drug effects. Here, the study used isotopic‐labeling aspirin‐d3 with mass spectrometry analysis to discover that aspirin directly acetylates 10 HDACs proteins, including SIRT1, the most studied NAD+‐dependent deacetylase. SIRT1 is also acetylated by aspirin in vitro. It is also identified that aspirin directly acetylates lysine 408 of SIRT1, which abolishes SIRT1 deacetylation activity by impairing the substrates binding affinity. Interestingly, the lysine 408 of SIRT1 can be acetylated by CBP acetyltransferase in cells without aspirin supplement. Aspirin can inhibit SIRT1 to increase the levels of acetylated p53 and promote p53‐dependent apoptosis. Moreover, the knock‐in mice of the acetylation‐mimic mutant of SIRT1 show the decreased production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis. The study indicates the importance of the acetylated internal functional site of SIRT1 in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis.
Cold‐Responsive Hyaluronated Upconversion Nanoplatform for Transdermal Cryo‐Photodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Molkenova Anara , Choi Hye Eun , Lee Gibum , Baek Hayeon , Kwon Mina , Lee Su Bin , Park Jeong‐Min , Kim Jae‐Hyuk , Han Dong‐Wook , Park Jungwon , Hahn Sei Kwang , Kim Ki Su
Published: March 2024

Cryotherapy leverages controlled freezing temperature interventions to engender a cascade of tumor‐suppressing effects. However, its bottleneck lies in the standalone ineffectiveness. A promising strategy is using nanoparticle therapeutics to augment the efficacy of cryotherapy. Here, a cold‐responsive nanoplatform composed of upconversion nanoparticles coated with silica – chlorin e6 – hyaluronic acid (UCNPs@SiO2‐Ce6‐HA) is designed. This nanoplatform is employed to integrate cryotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in order to improve skin cancer treatment efficacy in a synergistic manner. The cryotherapy appeared to enhance the upconversion brightness by suppressing the thermal quenching. The low‐temperature treatment afforded a 2.45‐fold enhancement in the luminescence of UCNPs and a 3.15‐fold increase in the photodynamic efficacy of UCNPs@SiO2‐Ce6‐HA nanoplatforms. Ex vivo tests with porcine skins and the subsequent validation in mouse tumor tissues revealed the effective HA‐mediated transdermal delivery of designed nanoplatforms to deep tumor tissues. After transdermal delivery, in vivo photodynamic therapy using the UCNPs@SiO2‐Ce6‐HA nanoplatforms resulted in the optimized efficacy of 79% in combination with cryotherapy. These findings underscore the Cryo‐PDT as a truly promising integrated treatment paradigm and warrant further exploring the synergistic interplay between cryotherapy and PDT with bright upconversion to unlock their full potential in cancer therapy.
High‐Performance Room Temperature Ammonia Sensors Based on Pure Organic Molecules Featuring B‐N Covalent Bond
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Meilong , Zheng Kunpeng , Ye Wanneng , Zhang Sheng , Wang Binbin , Long Xiaojing
Published: March 2024

Exploring organic semiconductor gas sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity is crucial for the development of sensor technology. Herein, for the first time, a promising chemiresistive organic polymer P‐BNT based on a novel π‐conjugated triarylboron building block is reported, showcasing an excellent responsivity over 30 000 (Ra/Rg) against 40 ppm of NH3, which is ≈3300 times higher than that of its B‐N organic small molecule BN‐H. More importantly, a molecular induction strategy to weaken the bond dissociation energy between polymer and NH3 caused by strong acid‐base interaction is further executed to optimize the response and recovery time. As a result, the BN‐H/P‐BNT system with rapid response and recovery times can still exhibit a high responsivity of 718, which is among the highest reported NH3 chemiresistive sensors. Supported by in situ FTIR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, it is revealed that the N‐H fractions in BN‐H small molecule promoted the charge distribution on phenyl groups, which increases charge delocalization and is more conducive to gas adsorption in such molecular systems. Notably, these distinctive small molecules also promoted charge transfer and enhanced electron concentration of the P‐BNT sensing polymer, thus achieving superior B‐N‐containing organic molecules with excellent sensing performance.
Artificial Tactile Sensing Neuron with Tactile Sensing Ability Based on a Chitosan Memristor
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Peng , Gao Zhiqiang , Wen Dianzhong
Published: March 2024

Owing to the highly parallel network structure of the biological neural network and its triggered processing mode, tactile sensory neurons can realize the perception of external signals and the functions of perception, memory, and data processing by adjusting the synaptic weight. In this paper, a piezoresistive pressure sensor is combined with a memristor to design an artificial tactile sensory neuron. The polyurethane sponge sensor has excellent sensitivity and can convert physical stimuli into electrical signals, and the chitosan‐based memristor has stable bipolar resistive switching characteristics, allowing further information to be memorized and processed. The neuron can respond to tactile stimuli of different degrees, durations, and frequencies; realize potentiation/depression modulation, paired‐pulse facilitation, and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity; exhibit spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity; and store and erase tactile information through memistor state switching, which has great application potential in biological sensing systems.
Timoshenko–Ehrenfest Beam‐Based Reconfigurable Elastic Metasurfaces for Multifunctional Wave Manipulation
Authors: Lee Geon , Choi Wonjae , Ji Bonggyu , Kim Miso , Rho Junsuk
Published: March 2024

Herein, a Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam‐based reconfigurable elastic metasurface is introduced that can perform multifunctional wave phenomena within a single substrate, featuring high transmission in the ultrabroadband frequency range. Conventional elastic metasurfaces are typically limited to specific purposes and frequencies, thereby imposing significant constraints on their practical application. The approach involves assembly‐components with various geometries on a substrate for reconfigurability, enabling to easily control and implement multifunctional wave phenomena, including anomalous‐refraction, focusing, self‐acceleration, and total‐reflection. This is the first study on elastic metasurfaces to theoretically analyze the dispersion relation based on the Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam theory, which considers shear deformations and rotational inertia. The analytical model is validated by demonstrating an excellent agreement with numerical and experimental results. The findings include full‐wave harmonic simulations and experimentally visualized fields for measuring various wave modulations. Furthermore, the practicality of the system is verified by significantly enhancing the piezoelectric energy harvesting performance within the focusing configuration. It is believed that the reconfigurable elastic metasurface and analytical model based on the Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam theory have vast applications such as structural health monitoring, wireless sensing, and Internet of Things.
Reactive Oxygen Species‐Responsive Nanoparticles Toward Extracellular Matrix Normalization for Pancreatic Fibrosis Regression
Authors: Qi Liang , Duan Bo‐Wen , Wang Hui , Liu Yan‐Jun , Han Han , Han Meng‐Meng , Xing Lei , Jiang Hu‐Lin , Pandol Stephen J. , Li Ling
Published: March 2024

Pancreatic fibrosis (PF) is primarily characterized by aberrant production and degradation modes of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, resulting from the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and the pathological cross‐linking of ECM mediated by lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members. The excessively deposited ECM increases matrix stiffness, and the over‐accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces oxidative stress, which further stimulates the continuous activation of PSCs and advancing PF; challenging the strategy toward normalizing ECM homeostasis for the regression of PF. Herein, ROS‐responsive and Vitamin A (VA) decorated micelles (named LR‐SSVA) to reverse the imbalanced ECM homeostasis for ameliorating PF are designed and synthesized. Specifically, LR‐SSVA selectively targets PSCs via VA, thereby effectively delivering siLOXL1 and resveratrol (RES) into the pancreas. The ROS‐responsive released RES inhibits the overproduction of ECM by eliminating ROS and inactivating PSCs, meanwhile, the decreased expression of LOXL1 ameliorates the cross‐linked collagen for easier degradation by collagenase which jointly normalizes ECM homeostasis and alleviates PF. This research shows that LR‐SSVA is a safe and efficient ROS‐response and PSC‐targeted drug‐delivery system for ECM normalization, which will propose an innovative and ideal platform for the reversal of PF.
Tailoring Type III Porous Ionic Liquids for Enhanced Liquid‐Liquid Two‐Phase Catalysis
Authors: Wu Peiwen , Wang Bangzhu , Chen Linlin , Zhu Jie , Yang Ning , Zhu Linhua , Deng Chang , Hua Mingqing , Zhu Wenshuai , Xu Chunming
Published: March 2024

Porous Ionic Liquids (PILs) have gained attention but facing challenges in catalysis, especially in liquid‐liquid two‐phase reactions due to limited catalytic sites and hydrophilicity control. This work engineered a Type III PILs (PILS‐M) using zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) confined phosphomolybdic acid (HPMo) as the microporous framework and N‐butyl pyridine bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide ionic liquid ([Bpy][NTf2]) as the solvent. The PILS‐M not only combines the advantages of traditional ionic liquids and microporous frameworks, including excellent extraction, high dispersion of catalytically active species, remarkable stability, etc., but also can make the inner surface of ZIF‐8 turned to be hydrophilic that favors the contact between aqueous hydrogen peroxide oxidant and catalytically active sites for the promotion of catalytic performance in reactive extractive desulfurization (REDS) processes of fuel oils. This study demonstrates Type III PILs' potential as catalysts for sustainable chemical processes, offering insights into versatile PILs applications in diverse fields.
Unravelling the Mechanism of Pulse Current Charging for Enhancing the Stability of Commercial LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2/Graphite Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Jia , Xu Yaolin , Exner Moritz , Huang Xinrong , Li Yongchun , Liu Yanchen , Wang Hui , Kowal Julia , Zhang Qi , Kristensen Peter Kjær , Wang Deyong , Pedersen Kjeld , Gurevich Leonid , Stroe Daniel‐Ioan , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: March 2024

The key to advancing lithium‐ion battery (LIB) technology, particularly with respect to the optimization of cycling protocols, is to obtain comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of the dynamic electrochemical processes during battery operation. This work shows that pulse current (PC) charging substantially enhances the cycle stability of commercial LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532)/graphite LIBs. Electrochemical diagnosis unveils that pulsed current effectively mitigates the rise of battery impedance and minimizes the loss of electrode materials. Operando and ex situ Raman and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy reveal the chemical and structural changes of the negative and positive electrode materials during PC and constant current (CC) charging. Specifically, Li‐ions are more uniformly intercalated into graphite and the Ni element of NMC532 achieves a higher energy state with less Ni─O bond length variation under PC charging. Besides, PC charging suppresses the electrolyte decomposition and continuous thickening of the solid‐electrolyte‐interphase (SEI) layer on graphite anode. These findings offer mechanistic insights into Li‐ion storage in graphite and NMC532 and, more importantly, the role of PC charging in enhancing the battery cycling stability, which will be beneficial for advancing the cycling protocols for future LIBs and beyond.
Adapting prescribing criteria for amyloid‐targeted antibodies for adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Hillerstrom Hampus , Fisher Richard , Janicki Matthew P. , Chicoine Brian , Christian Bradley T. , Esbensen Anna , Esralew Lucille , Fortea Juan , Hartley Sigan , Hassenstab Jason , Keller Seth M. , Krinsky‐McHale Sharon , Lai Florence , Levin Johannes , McCarron Mary , McDade Eric , Rebillat Anne Sophie , Rosas Herminia Diana , Silverman Wayne , Strydom Andre , Zaman Shahid H. , Zetterberg Henrik
Published: March 2024

Prior authorization criteria for Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved immunotherapeutics, among the class of anti‐amyloid monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), established by state drug formulary committees, are tailored for adults with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease. This overlooks adults with Down syndrome (DS), who often experience dementia at a younger age and with different diagnostic assessment outcomes. This exclusion may deny DS adults access to potential disease‐modifying treatments. To address this issue, an international expert panel convened to establish adaptations of prescribing criteria suitable for DS patients and parameters for access to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) registries. The panel proposed mitigating disparities by modifying CMS and payer criteria to account for younger onset age, using alternative language and assessment instruments validated for cognitive decline in the DS population. The panel also recommended enhancing prescribing clinicians' diagnostic capabilities for DS and initiated awareness‐raising activities within healthcare organizations. These efforts facilitated discussions with federal officials, aimed at achieving equity in access to anti‐amyloid immunotherapeutics, with implications for national authorities worldwide evaluating these and other new disease‐modifying therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.
Is High‐Frequency Activity at Seizure Onset Inhibitory? A Stereoelectroencephalographic Study of Motor Cortex Seizures
Authors: Shaker Hussam , Li Jian , Kobayashi Masako , Grinenko Olesya , Bulacio Juan , Leahy Richard M. , Chauvel Patrick
Published: March 2024

Objective

In the era of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), many studies have been devoted to understanding the role of interictal high‐frequency oscillations. High‐frequency activity (HFA) at seizure onset has been identified as a marker of epileptogenic zone. We address the physiological significance of ictal HFAs and their relation to clinical semiology.

Methods

We retrospectively identified patients with pure focal primary motor epilepsy. We selected only patients in whom SEEG electrodes were optimally placed in the motor cortex as confirmed by electrical stimulation. Based on these narrow inclusion criteria, we extensively studied 5 patients (3 males and 2 females, mean age = 22.4 years) using time–frequency analysis and time correlation with motor signs onset.

Results

A total of 157 analyzable seizures were recorded in 5 subjects. The first 2 subjects had tonic or clonic semiology with rare secondary generalization. Subject 3 had atonic onset followed by clonic hand/arm flexion. Subject 4 had clusters of tonic and atonic facial movements. Subject 5 had upper extremity tonic movements. The median frequency of the fast activity extracted from the Epileptogenic Zone Fingerprint pipeline in the first 4 subjects was 76 Hz (interquartile range = 21.9Hz). Positive motor signs did not occur concomitantly with high gamma activity developing in the motor cortex. Motor signs began at the end of HFAs.

Interpretation

This study supports the hypothesis of an inhibitory effect of ictal HFAs. The frequency range in the gamma band was associated with the direction of the clinical output effect. Changes from inhibitory to excitatory effect occurred when discharge frequency dropped to low gamma or beta. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1127–1137
Co (II), Ni (II), and Cu (II) ternary complexes with 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid: Thermal decomposition, DNA interaction, and biological activity studies
Authors: Swapna Giri , Jayasri Boddula , Anantha Lakshmi P. V.
Published: March 2024

Three novel ternary complexes [MII (PDA)(o‐phen)(H2O)] (MII = CoII, NiII, and CuII) were synthesized using 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylicacid as a primary ligand and 1,10‐phenanthroline(o‐phen) as the auxiliary ligand and analyzed by FT‐IR, mass, UV–Vis, thermogravimetry analysis, and conductivity measurement data. Based on electronic spectral measurements, all three of the metal complexes were found to have octahedral stereochemistry. The way metal complexes interact with ct‐DNA was studied using various methods including absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. UV–Vis absorption technique has been used to explore the binding characteristics of M (II) complexes with ct‐DNA. The complexes bind to DNA via groove mode of binding, according to the spectral data. The salt‐dependent binding of ternary metal complexes to ct‐DNA has been studied by UV–Vis spectrophotometric titration experiment. Furthermore, gel electrophoresis is used to examine how the metal complexes interacted with the pBR322 DNA. The outcomes showed that these compounds can function as efficient DNA cleaving agents. Studies on the complexes' in vitro antibacterial activity demonstrated their importance and good antimicrobial activity at three distinct concentrations (50, 75, and 100 g/mL).
A pan‐cheloniid turtle from the Middle Miocene of Portugal
Authors: Pérez‐García Adán , Antunes Miguel Telles
Published: March 2024

Currently, there is no information on the fossil record of Pan‐Cheloniidae from the Neogene of the Iberian Peninsula. A well‐preserved partial skeleton attributable to this lineage of turtles, from the Middle Miocene of Portugal, is presented here. It preserves much of the anterior half of its carapace, in which the plates remain articulated, as well as several articulated dorsal vertebrae, and an isolated cervical and a caudal vertebrae. The analysis of this Serravallian find shows that it cannot be attributed to a hitherto described taxon. Thus, a new member of Pan‐Cheloniidae is defined, Lusochelys emilianoi gen. et sp. nov., improving the relatively limited knowledge about this lineage for the Middle Miocene global record. It represents the first generic and specific systematic attribution for a member of Pan‐Chelonioidea in the Neogene record of the Iberian Peninsula.
Synthesis of Naphthalimide Azocarboxylates Showing Turn‐On Fluorescence by Substitution Reaction with Sulfinates**
Authors: Tanimoto Hiroki , Kyogaku Shogo , Otsuki Aoi , Tomohiro Takenori
Published: March 2024

The synthesis and characterization of sulfinate addition‐responsive fluorescent molecules are described. We found that addition reaction of sulfinates to naphthalimide‐substituted azocarboxylates afforded the corresponding sulfonyl hydrazides with high fluorescence quantum yields (up to 0.91 in THF and 0.54 in methanol), which exhibited a large Stokes shift (105 nm) in protic methanol solvent, while the unsubstituted hydrazide and the sulfonyl‐position isomer showed no fluorescence in polar solvents.
Core‐Shell Architectured Sulfur Coated α‐Fe2O3 Nano‐Sheet Anode for Li‐Ion Battery with Insitu Active Solid Electrolyte Interfacial Layer and Li‐Sulfur Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Kasiviswanathan Kavibharathy , Prashant Hanamantrao Desai , Ramakrishnan Saraswathi , Raj Sajan , Kumaresan Lakshmanan , Paulraj Vivek , Chenrayan Senthil , Rangasamy Baskaran , Vediappan Kumaran
Published: March 2024

A versatile approach is achieved through the surface coating of sulfur on α‐Fe2O3 nanosheet by microwave treatment that inherently supports the formation of self‐induced active solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer which effectively protects the electrode surface and enhances the cyclic stability of lithium‐ion battery. The present findings on a sulfur‐coated α‐Fe2O3@S‐2 core‐shell structured anode demonstrates an initial specific capacity of 1194 mAh g−1 at a 0.1 C rate, and an average discharge capacity of 518 mAh g−1 over 20 cycles. Sulfur coating proves the incredible development of an active SEI layer that prevents electrolyte decomposition and the electrode persuades with stable capacity, fast rate capability and retains excellent coulombic efficiency for 500 cycles in LIB. GITT measurements exhibit superior Li+ ion diffusion coefficient
2.87×10−10 cm2 s−1 at 80 % SOC for the α‐Fe2O3@S‐2 electrode. The in‐depth ex‐situ evaluations uncovered a fascinating self‐assembled active Li2SO4 electrode‐electrolyte interface formation in the sulfur‐coated α‐Fe2O3 electrode that contributes interfacial kinetics. The sulfur coated α‐Fe2O3 electrode exhibits an exceptional high‐rate performance and coulombic efficiency even in lithium‐sulfur battery. This research overthrows sulfur‘s significance in forming an active interfacial bridging SEI layer that facilitates lithium‐ion kinetics across the interface and alleviates undesirable SEI development.
Design, fabrication, automation, and scaleup of anaerobic reactors for waste management and bioenergy recovery
Authors: Fröner‐Lacerda Luana R. R. , Sganzerla William Gustavo , Lacerda Vinícius F. , Sillero Leonor , Solera Rosario , Pérez Montserrat , Forster‐Carneiro Tânia
Published: March 2024

Digitally controlled reactors can optimize biological reactions and process control through a neural network system. This study reports on the design, fabrication, and automation of a laboratory‐scale anaerobic reactor for the management of agrifood byproducts and bioenergy recovery. The process described here can digitally control the operational parameters, which is beneficial for stable methane production. The proposed process comprises the digital measurement of temperature, pH, humidity, biogas volume, and methane composition by integrating the data in a processor module. The proposed automated reactor can assist significantly in controlling and monitoring the anaerobic digestion process, providing decision making during waste management and bioenergy recovery. A case study is described with the application of automated reactors in a pilot‐scale plant, operated with the flow of 8 m3 slaughterhouse wastewater per day and a biogas production of 10 m3 h−1. The automated pilot‐scale process presents many advantages, including a continuous mode of operation and a faster adaptation of the microorganisms to the substrate, improving biogas production.
Enhanced targeting: Production of filamentous bacteriophage monoclonal antibodies using the major coat protein pVIII as anchor
Authors: Li Qing , Zhu Jianyu , Yuan Ting , Dou Leina , Yu Xuezhi , Shen Jianzhong , Yang Huijuan , Wang Zhanhui
Published: March 2024

Filamentous bacteriophage display technology has been employed in antibody discovery, drug screening, and protein–protein interaction study across various fields, including food safety, agricultural pollution, and environmental monitoring. Antifilamentous bacteriophage antibodies for identifying filamentous bacteriophage are playing a pivotal role in this technology. However, the existing antifilamentous bacteriophage antibodies lack sensitivity and specificity, and the antibodies preparation methods are cumbersome and hyposensitive. The major coat protein pVIII of filamentous bacteriophage has an advantage in quantification, which is benefit for detecting signal amplification but its full potential remains underutilized. In this study, the partial polypeptide CT21 of the major coat protein pVIII of filamentous bacteriophage was intercepted as the targeted immunogen or coating antigen to prepare antifilamentous bacteriophage antibodies. Six filamentous bacteriophage‐specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) M5G8, M9A2, P6B5, P6D2, P8E4, and P10D4 were obtained. The limit of detections of the prepared six mAbs for detecting filamentous bacteriophage was 1.0 × 107 pfu mL−1. These mAbs stayed stable under different pH, temperature, and exhibited high specificity in real application. This study not only provides a new idea for simplifying the preparation of antifilamentous bacteriophage antibodies which could apply in filamentous bacteriophage display, but it also presents a novel strategy for preparing antibodies against protein‐specific epitopes with high sensitivity.
Modification of nitrilase based on computer screening and efficient biosynthesis of 4‐cyanobenzoic acid
Authors: Jin Yi‐Zhong , Shen Ji‐Dong , Wang Yu‐xin , Shao Hong‐Ming , Xia Hai‐Jian , Lin Jiao‐Hua , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Zheng Yu‐Guo
Published: March 2024

4‐cyanobenzoic acid serves as a crucial intermediate for the synthesis of various high‐value organic compounds. The enzymatic hydrolysis of terephthalonitrile to produce 4‐cyanobenzoic acid using nitrilase offers the advantages of a simple reaction pathway, environmental friendliness, and easy product separation. In order to efficiently develop nitrilases that meet industrial production requirements, the virtual screening method used in the study is established and mature. From a total of 371 amino acids in the nitrilase AfNIT, which exhibits activity in terephthalonitrile hydrolysis, three candidate sites (F168, S192, and T201) were identified, and a “small and accurate” mutant library was constructed. The triple mutant F168V/T201N/S192F was screened from this small mutant library with a specific activity of 227.3 U mg−1, which was 3.8 times higher than that of the wild‐type AfNIT. Using the whole‐cell biocatalyst containing the mutant F168V/T201N/S192F, terephthalonitrile was successfully hydrolyzed at a concentration of 150 g L−1 to produce 4‐cyanobenzoic acid with a final yield of 170.3 g L−1 and a conversion rate of 98.7%. The obtained nitrilase mutant F168V/T201N/S192F in this study can be effectively applied in the biomanufacturing of 4‐cyanobenzoic acid using terephthalonitrile as a substrate. Furthermore, the results also demonstrate the significant improvement in predictive accuracy achieved through the latest AI‐assisted computer simulation methods. This approach represents a promising and feasible new technological pathway for assisting enzyme engineering research, laying a theoretical foundation for other related studies.
Phytochemical Profiling and Assessment of Antidiabetic Activity of Curcuma Angustifolia Rhizome Methanolic Extract: An In Vitro and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Kavya P. , Gayathri M.
Published: March 2024

Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. is a plant with medicinal potential, traditionally used to treat different diseases. The present study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of C. angustifolia rhizome in vitro and in silico. The methanolic extract of C. angustifolia rhizome was analyzed by FTIR and GC‐MS to determine the phytochemicals present. The antidiabetic potential of the extract was evaluated by different assays in vitro. The extract inhibited both α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymes and the glucose diffusion through the dialysis membrane in a concentration‐dependent manner with IC50 values of 530.39±0.09, 293.75±0.11, and 551.74±0.3 μg/ml respectively. The methanolic extract also improved yeast cell's ability to take up glucose across plasma membranes and the adsorption of glucose. The findings were supported by molecular docking studies. The results showed that the methanol extract of C. angustifolia rhizome has significant antidiabetic activity and thus can be also studied to isolate the potential compound with antidiabetic activities.
Nutritional Composition and Therapeutic Potential of Pineapple Peel – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mehraj Mahrukh , Das Susmita , Feroz Fathima , Waheed Wani Ab , Dar S.Q , Kumar Sanjeev , Wani Atif Khurshid , Farid Arshad
Published: March 2024

Pineapple (Ananas comosus), the succulent and vibrant tropical fruit, is a symbol of exoticism and sweetness that captures the hearts and palates of people around the world. The pineapple peel, often considered as waste, has garnered attention for its potential applications. The pineapple peel is rich in essential nutrients, including calcium, potassium, vitamin C, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and water, making it beneficial for the digestive system, weight management, and overall balanced nutrition. It contains significant amounts of sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose, along with citric acid as the predominant organic acid. The peel also contains bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme known for its digestive properties. Studies have highlighted the pharmacological properties of pineapple peel, such as its potential anti‐parasitic effects, alleviation of constipation, and benefits for individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Efforts are being made to promote the utilization of pineapple peel as a valuable resource rather than mere waste. Its applications range from the production of vinegar, alcohol, and citric acid to the development of various food products, including squash, syrup, jelly, and pickles. Further research and innovation are required to fully explore the potential of pineapple peel and establish sustainable practices for its utilization, contributing to waste reduction and the development of value‐added products.
Vaginoscopic resection of hemivagina, in a 20‐year‐old virgin female with prior misdiagnosis of OHVIRA syndrome as a bicornuate uterus: A case report
Authors: Haghgoo Ameneh , Faegh Ali , Nasiri Saeed , Akhbari Farnaz
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

OHVIRA syndrome can be misdiagnosed due to its rarity, resulting in the need for more invasive interventions than vaginoscopy. Also, delayed diagnosis of OHVIRA syndrome can affect patient's quality of life by leading to chronic gynecological diseases such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Obstructive hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome is one of the infrequent congenital Mullerian duct anomalies characterized by obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. This study presents a 20‐year‐old virgin female who was diagnosed with OHVIRA syndrome and treated by vaginoscopy using the hymen preservation technique. Also, she was misdiagnosed with non‐communicating rudimentary uterine horn 4 years ago. Late or misdiagnosis of OHVIRA syndrome can affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, early diagnosis and management are crucial. OHVIRA syndrome's misdiagnosis is possible with other Mullerian duct anomalies, such as a rudimentary uterine horn. Also, patients with misdiagnosis undergo unnecessary interventions.
A steady two‐dimensional cylindrical mass transport model to determine binary gas diffusivities: A proof‐of‐concept theoretical development
Authors: Ramírez Carlos A.
Published: March 2024

Binary gas diffusivities, DABs, are key parameters in the analysis of many chemical engineering processes. Significant efforts to estimate diffusivities experimentally were made by Josef Stefan in the 19th century, who designed a column with liquid A at the bottom overlaid by a gas phase through which gas A diffused. His studies led to the determination of DABs for many gas pairs (B is commonly air), and to the development of alternate mass transport systems. The present proof‐of‐concept theory describes a steady two‐dimensional (2D) diffusion model consisting of a vertical cylinder thinly coated on its inner surfaces with either a sublimating or evaporating species A. The gas‐phase mass conservation partial differential equation is rendered dimensionless and solved by separation of variables. The theoretical molar flow rate of species A at the top of the cylinder, calculated analytically, can be equated to the experimental rate of mass loss from the coated walls, ultimately leading to DAB. The solution of the steady 2D diffusion model is explored in terms of the cylinder aspect ratio (height/radius), showing that the latter quantity can be tailored to obtain preselected sublimation rates of A. The interplay of the radial and axial diffusion mechanisms is also demonstrated as a function of geometry. Finally, the model's use in analyzing a projected sublimation/evaporation–diffusion experiment is discussed. This is the first time that a steady 2D diffusive transport model has been proposed to estimate DABs from experimental data.
Discovery of Potent Isoindolinone Inhibitors that Target an Active Conformation of PARP1 Using DNA‐Encoded Libraries
Authors: McCarthy Kelly A. , Marcotte Douglas J. , Parelkar Sangram , McKinnon Crystal L. , Trammell Lindsay E. , Stangeland Eric L. , Jetson Rachael R.
Published: March 2024

Inhibition of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP1), a DNA repair enzyme, has proven to be a successful strategy for the treatment of various cancers. With the appropriate selection conditions and protein design, DNA‐encoded library (DEL) technology provides a powerful avenue to identify small molecules with the desired mechanism of action towards a target of interest. However, DNA‐binding proteins, such as PARP1, can be challenging targets for DEL screening due to non‐specific protein−DNA interactions. To overcome this, we designed and screened a PARP1 catalytic domain construct without the autoinhibitory helical domain. This allowed us to interrogate an active, functionally‐relevant form of the protein resulting in the discovery of novel isoindolinone PARP1 inhibitors with single‐digit nanomolar potency. These inhibitors also demonstrated little to no PARP1−DNA trapping, a property that could be advantageous in the clinic.
Optimized Incorporation of Furan into Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Neu Justin , Ding Kan , Liu Shubin , Ade Harald , Xu Jie , You Wei
Published: March 2024

Flexible electronics have received considerable attention in the past decades due to their promising application in rollable display screens, wearable devices, implantable devices, and other electronic applications. In particular, conjugated polymers are favored for flexible electronics due to their mechanical flexibility and potential for solution‐processed fabrication techniques, such as blade‐coating, roll‐to‐roll printing, and high‐throughput printing allowing for high‐performance transistor devices. Thiophene is the prevailing conjugated unit to construct these conjugated polymers due to its favorable electronic properties. On the other hand, furans are among the few conjugated moieties that are easily derived from bio renewable resources. To promote sustainability, we selectively introduced furan into the conjugated backbone of a high‐mobility polymer scaffold and systematically studied the effect on the microstructure and charge transport. We show that partially and selectively replacing thiophene units with furan can yield nearly comparable performance compared to the all‐thiophene polymer. This strategy offers an improvement in the sustainability of the polymer by incorporating bio‐sourced furan without sacrificing the high‐performance characteristics. Meanwhile, polymers with incorrect or complete furan incorporation show reduced mobilities. This work serves to develop coherent structure–morphology–performance relationships; such knowledge will establish guidelines for the future development of sustainable, furan‐based conjugated materials.
Mechanism and endoscopic‐treatment‐induced evolution of biliary non‐anastomotic stricture after liver transplantation revealed by single‐cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Wu Zhaoyi , Liu Danqing , Ou Yanjiao , Xu Zeliang , Heng Gang , Liu Wei , Fu Nengsheng , Wang Jingyi , Jiang Di , Gan Lang , Dong Jiahong , Wang Xiaojun , Chen Zhiyu , Zhang Leida , Zhang Chengcheng
Published: March 2024

Background

Biliary complications, especially non‐anastomotic stricture (NAS), are the main complications after liver transplantation. Insufficient sampling and no recognized animal models obstruct the investigation. Thus, the mechanisms and alterations that occur during endoscopic treatment (ET) of NAS remain unclear.

Methods

Samples were obtained with endoscopic forceps from the hilar bile ducts of NAS patients receiving continuous biliary stent implantation after diagnosis. Retrospective analysis of multiple studies indicated that the duration of ET for NAS was approximately 1–2 years. Thus, we divided the patients into short‐term treatment (STT) and long‐term treatment (LTT) groups based on durations of less or more than 1 year. Samples were subjected to single‐cell RNA sequencing. Transcriptomic differences between STT and normal groups were defined as the NAS mechanism. Similarly, alterations from STT to LTT groups were regarded as endoscopic‐treatment‐induced evolution.

Results

In NAS, inflammation and immune‐related pathways were upregulated in different cell types, with nonimmune cells showing hypoxia pathway upregulation and immune cells showing ATP metabolism pathway upregulation, indicating heterogeneity. We confirmed a reduction in bile acid metabolism‐related SPP1+ epithelial cells in NAS. Increases in proinflammatory and profibrotic fibroblast subclusters indicated fibrotic progression in NAS. Furthermore, immune disorders in NAS were exacerbated by an increase in plasma cells and dysfunction of NK and NKT cells. ET downregulated multicellular immune and inflammatory responses and restored epithelial and endothelial cell proportions.

Conclusions

This study reveals the pathophysiological and genetic mechanisms and evolution of NAS induced by ET, thereby providing preventive and therapeutic insights into NAS.

Highlights

For the first time, single‐cell transcriptome sequencing was performed on the bile ducts of patients with biliary complications.

scRNA‐seq analysis revealed distinct changes in the proportion and phenotype of multiple cell types during Nonanastomotic stricture (NAS) and endoscopic treatment.

A reduction in bile acid metabolism‐related SPP1+ epithelial cells and VEGFA+ endothelial cells, along with explosive infiltration of plasma cells and dysfunction of T and NK cells in NAS patients.

SPP1+ macrophages and BST2+ T cells might serve as a surrogate marker for predicting endoscopic treatment.
Learn about new legislation regarding medical care for individuals with disabilities
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: March 2024

In February 2024, the U.S. House of Representatives passed H.R. 485, the so‐called Protecting Care for All Patients Act, with a vote of 211 to 208. (https://republicans‐­energycommerce.house.gov/posts/house‐votes‐to‐ban‐metric‐used‐to‐deny‐care‐for‐people‐with‐disabilities‐and‐chronic‐illnesses). The legislation was designed to eliminate discriminatory metrics known as “Quality‐Adjusted Life Years” (QALYs) from federal health programs.
OCR new resources press release — Much ado about nothing or useful reminder?
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: March 2024

On February 20, 2024, the Office for Civil Rights ­released “new resources” for students and their parents concerning asthma, diabetes, food allergies, and GERD (https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/us-department-educations-office-civil-rights-releases-new-resources-students-disabilities) and whether these conditions are disabilities triggering a duty to accommodate. Although its four resources principally concern the treatment of students in the K–12 system, OCR includes postsecondary students as potentially affected. But on closer inspection, the four re­sources impose no new obligations on postsecondary institutions. Here's why.
Fish diversity of Colombian Andes‐Amazon streams at the end of conflict is a reference for conservation before increased land use
Authors: Bogota‐Gregory Juan David , Jenkins David G. , Acosta‐Santos Astrid , Agudelo Córdoba Edwin
Published: March 2024

Reference conditions are difficult to find in the Anthropocene but essential for effective biodiversity conservation. Aquatic ecosystems in the Andes‐Amazon transition zone of Colombia are now at high risk due to expanded human activities after peace agreements in 2016 ended armed conflict because lands formerly controlled by FARC and other armed groups are now prone to agricultural and urban expansion. Particularly, expanding human land use may reduce fish diversity across the altitudinal gradient, especially in the premontane streams (i.e., <500 m a.s.l.) because lands are more amenable to human use than at greater altitudes. We evaluated fish α‐diversity (measured as species richness, total abundance, and effective species number) and β‐diversity (spatial and temporal) in 12 sites over 8 years bracketing the end of armed conflict. All α‐diversity and β‐diversity analyses were evaluated relative to categorical altitude (< or >500 m) and continuous altitude. Strong differences in fish community structure among sites occurred as a function of altitude. Fish communities exhibit altitudinal biodiversity gradients that are consistent in space and time, and that need to be accounted for conservation and management considerations. Our results provide a reference to identify short‐ and long‐term changes due to impending human land use at a critical moment for the conservation of tropical fish diversity. Similar studies in other areas of the upper Amazon Basin are needed to evaluate effects of subsequent human activities on diversity patterns and our study area to compare to reference conditions reported here.
Impacts of host availability and temperature on mosquito‐borne parasite transmission
Authors: Dahlin Kyle J.‐M. , O'Regan Suzanne M. , Han Barbara A. , Schmidt John Paul , Drake John M.
Published: March 2024

Global climate change is predicted to cause range shifts in the mosquito species that transmit pathogens to humans and wildlife. Recent modeling studies have sought to improve our understanding of the relationship between temperature and the transmission potential of mosquito‐borne pathogens. However, the role of the vertebrate host population, including the importance of host behavioral defenses on mosquito feeding success, remains poorly understood despite ample empirical evidence of its significance to pathogen transmission. Here, we derived thermal performance curves for mosquito and parasite traits and integrated them into two models of vector–host contact to investigate how vertebrate host traits and behaviors affect two key thermal properties of mosquito‐borne parasite transmission: the thermal optimum for transmission and the thermal niche of the parasite population. We parameterized these models for five mosquito‐borne parasite transmission systems, leading to two main conclusions. First, vertebrate host availability may induce a shift in the thermal optimum of transmission. When the tolerance of the vertebrate host to biting from mosquitoes is limited, the thermal optimum of transmission may be altered by as much as 5°C, a magnitude of applied significance. Second, thresholds for sustained transmission depend nonlinearly on both vertebrate host availability and temperature. At any temperature, sustained transmission is impossible when vertebrate hosts are extremely abundant because the probability of encountering an infected individual is negligible. But when host biting tolerance is limited, sustained transmission will also not occur at low host population densities. Furthermore, our model indicates that biting tolerance should interact with vertebrate host population density to adjust the parasite population thermal niche. Together, these results suggest that vertebrate host traits and behaviors play essential roles in the thermal properties of mosquito‐borne parasite transmission. Increasing our understanding of this relationship should lead us to improved predictions about shifting global patterns of mosquito‐borne disease.