bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Динаміка абдомінального перфузійного тиску в пацієнтів із абдомінальним компартмент-синдромом
Authors: Krenov K. Yu.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи: визначення динаміки абдомінального перфузійного тиску у хворих із абдомінальним компартмент-синдромом.

Матеріали і методи. Проведено обстеження 30 пацієнтів із гострою хірургічною патологією черевної порожнини та ознаками інтраабдомінальної гіпертензії. З 30 пацієнтів 20 вижили (n = 20)  та 10 померли (n = 10). Середній вік тих, що вижили – (55,1 ± 14,41562) року, померлих – (60,7 ± 16,83122) року. Розподіл чоловіків та жінок у групах 14 та 6 у групі тих, що вижили, та 4 та 6 в групі тих, що померли відповідно. Термін спостереження складав 72 год, на другу добу помер один пацієнт. Розподіл за нозологіями такий: політравма – 8 (вижили 6, померли 2), гострий деструктивний панкреатит, панкреонекроз – 8 (вижили 3, померли 5), гострий деструктивний холецистит – 1 (помер 1), кишкова непрохідність – 2 (вижив 1, помер 1), перитоніт – 4 (вижили 3, помер 1), злоякісне новоутворення товстої кишки із перфорацією – 2 (вижили 2), піддіафрагмальний абсцес – 1 (вижив 1), механічна жовтяниця – 3 (вижили 3), перфоративна виразка ДПК – 1 (вижив 1), мезентеріальний тромбоз – 1 (вижив 1). 

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У результаті математичного аналізу не було виявлено достовірної різниці у віці пацієнтів та величині інтраабдомінального та абдомінального перфузійного тиску в перші 24 год спостереження. Однак у подальшому (з кінця першої доби) відмінності ставали достовірними та ця тенденція спостерігалася до 72 год спостереження. Летальні наслідки встановлено в пацієнтів із прогресивним зниженням абдомінального пер фузійного тиску (АПТ) незважаючи на використання інтенсивної інотропної підтримки, оптимізацію інфузійно-трансфузійної терапії, ШВЛ. Також не було виявлено достовірних різниці в використанні препаратів крові в першу добу, об’ємі інфузій та об’ємі діурезу, однак, достовірною була різниця в потребі інотропної підтримки та дозі інотропних агентів.
Вибір хірургічної тактики у постраждалих із скелетно-абдомінальною травмою з врахуванням імунологічного статусу
Authors: Tsvyakh A. I. , Dziubanovskyi I. Ya. , Hospodarskyy A. Ya. , Drevnitskyy R. S.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи: зниження летальності та хірургічних ускладнень постраждалих зі скелетно-абдомінальною травмою шляхом оптимізації лікувально-діагностичної тактики з врахуванням даних імунологічного статусу.

Матеріали і методи. Концентрацію цитокінів, а саме інтерлейкіну 2 (ІЛ-2), інтерлейкіну 10 (ІЛ-10), фактора некрозу пухлин альфа (ФНП-α) та інтерферону гама (ІФН-γ) у сироватці крові визначали за допомогою імуноферментних тест-систем. Дослідження імунологічного статусу проводили до постраждалих при госпіталізації в стаціонар та на 7 і 14 доби.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При госпіталізації постраждалих зі скелетно-абдомінальною травмою концентрація прозапальних цитокінів ФНП-α та ІФН-γ зростали, відповідно, у 4,5 та у 2,2 раза. Одночасно ми спостерігаємо падіння протизапальних внутрішньоклітинних месенджерів ІЛ-2 у 4,1, а ІЛ-10 – у 9,5 разів. На 7-му добу все ще спостерігається зростання вмісту ФНП-α на 16,7 %. Вміст протизапальних захисних цитокінів ІЛ-2 та ІЛ-10 на 7 добу підвищувався на 79,8 % та 147,6 %. На 14-ту добу концентрація ФНП-α залишалася на 96,3 % вище порівняно з показниками на день госпіталізації. Вміст ІФН-γ на 51,9 % відрізнявся від даних у день госпіталізації. Концентрація  ІЛ-2 на 14 добу була вище на 163,9 % порівняно з первинними даними та на 46,8 % порівняно з показниками пацієнтів на 7 добу. Вміст ІЛ-10 зростав на 159,0 % порівняно із 7-ю добою та був на 541,3 % (у 5,4 раза) вище від показників на час госпіталізації аналіз імунологічного статусу підтвердив високу ймовірність смерті хворого скелетно-абдомінальною травмою в результаті інтраопераційних порушень метаболізму при тривалих оперативних втручаннях, ніж в результаті цілеспрямованого скорочення операції.
Впровадження інновацій у педагогічний процес – шлях до розбудови вищої медичної школи україни
Authors: Pertseva T. O. , Konopkina L. I. , Kireyeva T. V. , Bogatska K. Y. , Cherkasova O. G. , Myronenko O. V. , Fesenko O. V. , Botvinikova L. A. , Belosludceva K. O.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи: визначити ефективність впроваждення інноваційних технологій у педагогічний процес на кафедрі внутрішньої медицини 1 ДЗ «ДМА».
ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОЗИТИВНОЇ МОТИВАЦІЇ ДО ВИВЧЕННЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ (ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ) У СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНИХ ВНЗ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ІНТЕРАКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ І МЕТОДІВ НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Kolodnytska O. D.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи – з’ясувати особливості формування позитивної мотивації до вивчення англійської мови (за професійним спрямуванням) у студентів медичних ВНЗ за допомогою інтерактивних технологій і методів навчання.

Основна частина. У статті обґрунтовано ефективність застосування інтерактивних технологій і методів навчання у поєднанні з традиційними в процесі формування позитивної мотивації до вивчення англійської мови (за професійним спрямуванням) у студентів медичних ВНЗ. З’ясовано рівень сформованості позитивної мотивації до вивчення англійської мови (за професійним спрямуванням) у студентів-медиків за допомогою інтерактивних технологій і методів навчання.

Висновок. Вміле використання інтерактивних методів і технологій у поєднанні з традиційними сприяє формуванню позитивної мотивації до вивчення англійської мови (за професійним спрямуванням) студентами медичних ВНЗ, їхній якісній фаховій іншомовній підготовці, розвиває професійні уміння на навички, активізує творчий потенціал, підвищує зацікавленість навчальною дисципліною.
РОЗВИТОК ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ГРЕЦІЇ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМ. АРИСТОТЕЛЯ В м. САЛОНІКАХ)
Authors: Savaryn T. V. , Yarysh Yu. Yu. , Denefil O. V.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи – розглянути розвиток та здійснити огляд сучасної системи вищої освіти Греції на прикладі Університету ім. Аристотеля в м. Салоніках; визначити тенденції її розвитку.

Основна частина. Вища освіта у Греції існує з перших років становлення нової Грецької держави (1821–1829). Як і колись, вищі навчальні заклади розташовані у двох найбільших містах Греції – в Афінах і Салоніках. Сучасна система вищої освіти Греції децентралізована. Державна освіта є безкоштовна. Вища освіта містить два сектори: університетський та професійно-технічний. Конституція Греції надає університетам повну автономію та академічну свободу. На сьогодні нараховано 14 вищих навчальних закладів, з них 2 (Афінський і Салонікський університети) є університетами з найбільш розвиненим науково-­дослідним потенціалом. У вищій школі Греції прийнята загальноєвропейська двоетапна загальноосвітня система. Згідно з чинною Конституцією Греції, засновувати недержавні вищі освітні заклади в країні заборонено. Університет ім. Аристотеля у м. Салоніках є найбільшим університетом не тільки в Греції, але і на Балканах. У ньому навчається близько 75 000 студентів на 11 факультетах. Кожний факультет має у своєму складі декілька шкіл з різними напрямками навчання, загальною кількістю – 40.

Висновки. Дослідивши розвиток вищої освіти Греції, можна стверджувати, що Грецька держава завжди сприяла розвитку системи вищої освіти, яка багато в чому стала сполучною ланкою між державною ідеологією і широкими верствами грецького населення. Усі вищі навчальні заклади Греції створені за принципом найстарішого Афінського університету, тому система вищої освіти Греції потребує заснування принципово нових університетів за організацією роботи, засобами навчання і новими спеціальностями.
ШЛЯХИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПРАКТИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ ПІД ЧАС ПРОХОДЖЕННЯ ЛІТНЬОЇ ВИРОБНИЧОЇ ПРАКТИКИ
Authors: Rogalska Ya. V. , Kubei I. V. , Vorontsova T. A. , Volyanska L. A. , Mudrik U. M. , Yarema N. M. , Glushko K. T.
Published: November 2018

Мета роботи – підвищити ефективність та якість навчання студентів шляхом оптимізації практичної підготовки майбутніх лікарів під час проходження літньої виробничої практики.

Основна частина. Перед вищою медичною освітою стоїть завдання – забезпечити високу професійну підготовку фахівців. Виробнича практика студентів є однією з форм навчального процесу і його суттєвою складовою частиною. Велику роль у становленні особистості майбутнього лікаря відіграє формування ціннісного ставлення до людського життя. Працюючи зі студентами, доцільно акцентувати увагу на тому, що специфіка їх майбутньої професійної діяльності потребує пріоритетного прояву таких моральних якостей, як гуманність, емпатійність, толерантність, чесність, а надто в роботі з такими категоріями, як діти, люди з особливими потребами, безнадійно хворі тощо. В процесі професійної освіти студентів-медиків підготовка різноманітних заходів волонтерських загонів сприяє формуванню людяності, співчуття, навиків психологічної підтримки та спілкування з особливою категорією пацієнтів. Як приклад, наш досвід роботи студентів-медиків у Тернопільському обласному спеціалізованому будинку дитини та соціальному центрі ТБФ “Карітас” під час проходження літньої виробничої практики.

Висновок. Формування моральних якостей студентів вищих медичних навчальних закладів – основа особистісного становлення і потребує розробки конкретної моделі та залучення до навчально-виховної роботи різноманітних методик та підходів, рекомендуємо долучати студентів у період літньої виробничої практики до різноманітних заходів волонтерських загонів (відвідування дитячих будинків, онкологічних лікарень для дітей, соціальних організацій тощо) в рамках конструктивного співробітництва.
Streblocladia (Rhodomelaceae) in New Zealand: recognition of a new species
Authors: KIM MYUNG SOOK , KIM BYEONGSEOK , YANG MI YEON , D’ARCHINO ROBERTA , SUTHERLAND JUDY E. , NELSON WENDY A.
Published: November 2018

The genus Streblocladia was described by early European collectors based on S. neglecta, a marine red alga from southern New Zealand currently treated as a taxonomic synonym of Streblocladia glomerulata. In New Zealand, Streblocladia includes two species and has always been considered distinct. To analyse the phylogenetic relationships of this genus with other Polysiphonia sensu lato, we conducted a molecular-assisted investigation using plastid rbcL gene sequences of recent collections of Streblocladia from New Zealand, as well as morphological observations. The molecular analyses indicated that Streblocladia species form a monophyletic clade sister to P. rhododactyla with strong support. The Streblocladia clade is clearly separated from other species of Polysiphonia sensu lato. Species of Streblocladia are characterized by sympodially branched, corticated main axes, the absence of vegetative trichoblasts, and spermatangial branches that are unilaterally arranged and replace the whole trichoblast. As a result, the New Zealand endemic Polysiphonia rhododactyla is transferred to the genus Streblocladia on the basis of genetic and morphological evidence and compared with the two other species from New Zealand, S. glomerulata and S. muelleriana.
On a new species of the spider genus Attacobius Mello-Leitão (Araneae: Corinnidae) from Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: BONALDO ALEXANDRE B. , PESQUERO MARCOS A. , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D.
Published: November 2018

At the time the genus Attacobius Mello-Leitão, 1925 was first acknowledged as a member of the subfamily Corinninae, Corinnidae, by Platnick & Baptista (1995), only three species were recognized. Since then, that number has increased to 15 currently valid species (Bonaldo & Brescovit 1998; 2005; Pereira-Filho et al. 2018). Recently we had the opportunity to discover an additional species of Attacobius, collected in association with fire ants of the genus Solenopsis Westwood in the State of Goiás, Midwest Brazil, a region that harbors a large portion of the Brazilian Cerrado, one of the most threatened savannas in the planet. Attacobius lavape n. sp., described below, appears to belong to the same group of species as A. verhaaghi Bonaldo & Brescovit, 1998 and A. lamellatus Bonaldo & Brescovit, 2005, since these three species share, in the male palp, the presence of an unsclerotized median lobe on the retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 9, 11).
Redescription of Admete sadko Gorbunov, 1946 (Gastropoda: Cancellariidae)
Authors: NEKHAEV IVAN O.
Published: November 2018

Five species of the family Cancellariidae are currently known from Arctic seas: Admete contabulata Friele, 1879, A. clivicola Høisæter, 2011, A. solida (Aurivillius, 1885), A. viridula (Fabricius, 1780) and Iphinopsis inflata (Friele, 1879) (Golikov et al. 2001; Kantor & Sysoev 2006; Høisæter 2011). Admete contabulata, A. clivicola and Iphinopsis inflata are only known from the Atlantic part of the Arctic, i.e. Norwegian and southwestern Barents seas (Høisæter 2011; Nekhaev 2014). Admete solida has been rarely reported since its first description from the Bering Strait (Sysoev & Kantor 2002), however Nekhaev & Krol (2017) recently reported a specimen from the eastern region of the Barents Sea that is similar in morphology to the holotype of this species. Admete viridula is the only representative of Admete reported from Siberian seas (Golikov et al. 2001; Lyubin 2003; Kantor & Sysoev, 2006).
New record of Hydrozoa Distichopora violacea (Pallas, 1766) (Anthoathecata: Stylasteridae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: CHAKRABORTY OISHINEE , RAGHUNATHAN C. , CHANDRA KAILASH
Published: November 2018

The class Hydrozoa consists of mostly marine and few freshwater organisms classified into 7 orders amongst which the order Anthoathecata consists of 48 families with approximately 1,140 valid species (Cartwright & Collins 2007). Stylasteridae is one among the families that comprises the order Anthoathecata, and is characterized by a calcareous exoskeleton which is often brightly pigmented. The members of the family are commonly called lace corals. They are usually small in size and commonly found in crevices and caves in coral reef areas.
A new species of the genus Ceracris Walker, 1870 from Hainan of China (Orthoptera: Acridoidea, Arcypteridae)
Authors: FENG LI , QIAO NING , YIN HONG
Published: November 2018

The genus Ceracris Walker, 1870 is a median genus in Arcypteridae, which contains 23 species in the world, among them 10 species distributed in China [Walker, 1870; Bolivar, 1914; Uvarov, 1931; Zheng, 1977; Liu, 1981; Zheng, 1983; Yin, 1984; Liang, 1988; Wang, 1992; Liu et Li, 1995; Ou et al, 1995; Yin et al, 1996; Zheng et Xia, 1998; Zhang et al, 2017; Cigliano, 2018]. A new species of the genus i.e. Ceracris jianfenglingensis sp. nov. is described from Hainan, China in this paper. The new species is similar to Ceracris n. nigrocornis Walker, 1870, but differs from latter by antennae wider, length of middle segment 3.4 times of its width; lateral carinae of pronotum almost parallel; length of interspace 1.2 times minimum width in mesosternum of male; cubital area of tegmen without intercalary vein in male; epiphallus with straight bridge and tegmen of female shorter, reaching the end of hind femur only. Type specimens are deposited in the Natural Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
Revision of the bee group Anthophora (Micranthophora) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with notes on potential conservation concerns and a molecular phylogeny of the genus
Authors: ORR MICHAEL C. , PITTS JAMES P. , GRISWOLD TERRY
Published: November 2018

Anthophora (Micranthophora) comprises the largest subgenus of Anthophora in the Western Hemisphere, with 26 species. Though previously synonymized with the Anthophora (Heliophila), A. (Micranthophora) is here confirmed as a subgenus, morphological and multi-gene molecular phylogenetic evidence refute this and the synonymy of A. (Micranthophora) to A. (Heliophila) is formally rejected. Characters for (Micranthophora) are given and a key to species is provided. Seven new species are described: Anthophora (Micranthophora) caudata Orr, sp. nov.; Anthophora (Micranthophora) chihuahua Orr, sp. nov.; Anthophora (Micranthophora) escalante Orr, sp. nov.; Anthophora (Micranthophora) parkeri Orr, sp. nov.; Anthophora (Micranthophora) rara Orr, sp. nov.; Anthophora (Micranthophora) striata Orr, sp. nov.; and Anthophora (Micranthophora) timberlakei Orr, sp. nov. Further, four new synonyms are enacted: A. arthuri and A. flexipes to A. albata, A. nigritula to A. exigua, and A. xanthochlora to A. pachyodonta. Distributional and phenological data, as well as known details of nesting biology and floral specialization, are provided. Future research directions and species of potential conservation interest are also discussed.
Oceanic Forcing on Interannual Variability of Sahel Heavy and Moderate Daily Rainfall
Authors: Diakhaté M. , Rodríguez-Fonseca B. , Gómara I. , Mohino E. , Dieng A. L. , Gaye A. T.
Published: November 2018

This article analyzes SST remote forcing on the interannual variability of Sahel summer (June–September) moderate (below 75th percentile) and heavy (above 75th percentile) daily precipitation events during the period 1981–2016. Evidence is given that interannual variability of these events is markedly different. The occurrence of moderate daily rainfall events appears to be enhanced by positive SST anomalies over the tropical North Atlantic and Mediterranean, which act to increase low-level moisture advection toward the Sahel from the equatorial and north tropical Atlantic (the opposite holds for negative SSTs anomalies). In contrast, heavy and extreme daily rainfall events seem to be linked to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Mediterranean variability. Under La Niña conditions and a warmer Mediterranean, vertical atmospheric instability is increased over the Sahel and low-level moisture supply from the equatorial Atlantic is enhanced over the area (the reverse is found for opposite-sign SST anomalies). Further evidence suggests that interannual variability of Sahel rainfall is mainly dominated by the extreme events. These results have implications for seasonal forecasting of Sahel moderate and heavy precipitation events based on SST predictors, as significant predictability is found from 1 to 4 months in advance.
Measuring Gravity Wave Parameters from a Nighttime Satellite Low-Light Image Based on Two-Dimensional Stockwell Transform
Authors: Hu Shensen , Ma Shuo , Yan Wei , Hindley Neil P. , Xu Kai , Jiang Jun
Published: November 2018

Atmospheric gravity waves are a kind of mesoscale disturbance, commonly found in the atmospheric system, that plays a key role in a series of mesospheric dynamic processes. When propagating to the upper atmosphere, the gravity waves will disturb the local temperature and density, and then modulate the intensity of the surrounding airglow radiation. As a result, the presence of gravity waves on a moonless night can usually cause the airglow to reveal ripple features in low-light images. In this paper we have applied a two-dimensional Stockwell transform technique (2DST) to airglow measurements from nighttime low-light images of the day–night band on the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership. To our knowledge this study is the first to measure localized mesospheric gravity wave brightness amplitudes, horizontal wavelengths, and propagation directions using such a method and data. We find that the method can characterize the general shape and amplitude of concentric gravity wave patterns, capturing the dominant features and directions with a good degree of accuracy. The key strength of our 2DST application is that our approach could be tuned and then automated in the future to process tens of thousands of low-light images, globally characterizing gravity wave parameters in this historically poorly studied layer of the atmosphere.
The Impact of Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations on Tornadic Supercell Cases in East China
Authors: Wang Shizhang , Qiao Xiaoshi , Min Jinzhong , Zhuang Xiaoran
Published: November 2018

The impact of stochastically perturbed parameterizations on short-term tornadic supercell ensemble forecasts (EFs) was evaluated using two tornado cases that occurred in eastern China. The initial condition (IC) perturbations of EFs were generated by a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system with perturbed radar data. The parameterization perturbations of EFs were produced by a stochastic procedure that was applied to diffusion and microphysics parameterizations. This procedure perturbed tendencies from both parameterizations and intercept parameters (INTCPs) of the microphysics parameterizations. In addition to individually perturbing these quantities, a combination of perturbations of diffusion and INTCPs was also examined. A resampling method was proposed to handle perturbations that vary substantially, and a vertical localization was applied to the microphysics tendency perturbations. The results indicated that combining perturbations of diffusion and INTCPs produced the intensity and path forecasts of the low-level vortex (LLV) that better match observations for a weak tornado case; this combination also had a positive impact on the LLV intensity forecast for a much stronger tornado case. This combination outperformed the stochastic procedures that perturbed only diffusion or INTCPs, which indicated that it is better to use both error representations. The vertical localization prevented the temperature tendency perturbations of microphysics from always suppressing storms in negative perturbation (<0.0) areas. The negative INTCP and diffusion perturbations benefited the strong LLV, which is consistent with that of the idealized case. The current stochastic procedure could not address the LLV displacement error that is caused by the IC error.
Do congruent apologies facilitate forgiveness?
Authors: Cowden Richard G , Worthington Everett L , Joynt Shaun , Jakins Catherine
Published: November 2018

Research largely supports the apology–forgiveness cycle, a process in which perpetrators’ post-transgression apologies are reciprocated with victims’ forgiveness. This cycle is often facilitated by the mere provision of an apology. Yet, there are times in which apologies may be rejected. We hypothesised that when apologies matched victims’ apology preferences (i.e., congruent apologies), victims would be more likely to accept them and self-report higher levels of forgiveness. Using an autobiographical transgression-recall approach, participants ( n = 102) provided self-report ratings on the apology they preferred receiving, the severity of the transgression, the type of apology they actually received from perpetrators, whether or not they accepted the apology offered to them, and forgiveness. Victims were more likely to accept apologies and report higher levels of forgiveness when perpetrators offered apologies that were congruent with victims’ preferred apologies, particularly apologies that met victims’ needs for empathy. The findings not only provide support for the apology–forgiveness cycle but also signify the importance of delivering apologies that meet the psychological needs of victims.
Keeping Score: Semiquantitative and Quantitative Scoring Approaches to Genetically Engineered and Xenograft Mouse Models of Cancer
Authors: Knoblaugh Sue E. , Himmel Lauren E.
Published: November 2018

There is a growing need to quantitate or “score” lesions in mouse models of human disease, for correlation with human disease and to establish their clinical relevance. Several standard semiquantitative scoring schemes have been adapted for nonneoplastic lesions; similarly, the pathologist must carefully select an approach to score mouse models of cancer. Genetically engineered mouse models with a continuum of precancerous and cancerous lesions and xenogeneic models of various derivations present unique challenges for the pathologist. Important considerations include experimental design, understanding of the human disease being modeled, standardized classification of lesions, and approaches for semiquantitative and/or quantitative scoring in the model being evaluated. Quantification should be considered for measuring the extent of neoplasia and expression of tumor biomarkers. Semiquantitative scoring schemes have been devised that include severity, frequency, and distribution of lesions. Although labor-intensive, scoring mouse models of cancer provides numerical data that enable statistical analysis and greater translational impact.
Phenotypic Modulation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in LPIN1-Deficient Lipodystrophic (fld) Mice
Authors: Sellers Rani S. , Mahmood S. Radma , Perumal Geoffrey S. , Macaluso Frank P. , Kurland Irwin J.
Published: November 2018

Lipin-1 ( Lpin1)–deficient lipodystrophic mice have scant and immature adipocytes and develop transient fatty liver early in life. Unlike normal mice, these mice cannot rely on stored triglycerides to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the β-oxidation of fatty acids during periods of fasting. To compensate, these mice store much higher amounts of glycogen in skeletal muscle and liver than wild-type mice in order to support energy needs during periods of fasting. Our studies demonstrated that there are phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle fibers that reflect an adaptation to this unique metabolic situation. The phenotype of skeletal muscle (soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and extensor digitorum longus [EDL]) from Lpin1-/- was evaluated using various methods including immunohistochemistry for myosin heavy chains (Myh) 1, 2, 2a, 2b, and 2x; enzyme histochemistry for myosin ATPase, cytochrome-c oxidase (COX), and succinyl dehydrogenase (SDH); periodic acid–Schiff; and transmission electron microscopy. Fiber-type changes in the soleus muscle of Lpin1-/- mice were prominent and included decreased Myh1 expression with concomitant increases in Myh2 expression and myosin-ATPase activity; this change was associated with an increase in the presence of Myh1/2a or Myh1/2x hybrid fibers. Alterations in mitochondrial enzyme activity (COX and SDH) were apparent in the myofibers in the soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and EDL muscles. Electron microscopy revealed increases in the subsarcolemmal mitochondrial mass in the muscles of Lpin1-/- mice. These data demonstrate that lipin-1 deficiency results in phenotypic fiber-specific modulation of skeletal muscle necessary for compensatory fuel utilization adaptations in lipodystrophy.
Analytical and experimental investigation of deformation in constrained groove pressing process
Authors: Nazari Farshad , Honarpisheh Mohammad
Published: November 2018

Constrained groove pressing process is a severe plastic deformation method, which can improve the properties of a metal sheet. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of deformation behavior and effective strain on the constrained groove pressed sheet properties. For this aim, deformation procedure and effective strain were investigated based on analytical relations and deformation geometry. Formation in the constrained groove pressing process was divided into the bending, stretching, and pressing sections, and the respective contribution of each in the formation procedure was evaluated. Then, the effect of main sections on the formation force, mechanical properties, and microstructure of constrained groove pressed sheets was determined by an experimental study. According to the analytical results, about 41.4% of the formation procedure occurs in the pressing section, creating 70% more effective strain than stretching section. Thus, the pressing section has a significant effect on the properties of constrained groove pressed sheets. The pressing section, due to more effective strain than the stretching section, creates 36% more yield strength, 14.6% more surface hardness, 37.6% more homogeneity and 22.6% smaller grain size. But, compared to the stretching section, the pressing section reduces elongation about 42.8%. So, to produce sheets with high ultimate strength and good formability, using the constrained groove pressing process in the stretching section is more effective.
Psychiatrists and mental health activism during the final phase of the Franco regime and the democratic transition
Authors: Huertas Rafael
Published: November 2018

In the final years of the Franco dictatorship and during the period known as the democratic transition, there were a significant number of protests in the sphere of mental health in Spain. This article analyses the origins and functioning of the Psychiatric Network, which emerged in 1971, its connection to the formation of professional organizations and its role in the reception of anti-psychiatry ideas in Spain. We reach the conclusion that, although the Network’s activities took place within a left-wing political and ideological framework, and at such an important time of social change as the end of the dictatorship, its discourse and practices always demonstrated a marked professional approach.
The Restorative Justice Apparatus: A Critical Analysis of the Historical Emergence of Restorative Justice
Authors: Maglione Giuseppe
Published: November 2018

Drawing on Michel Foucault’s theoretical reservoir, this article conceptualizes restorative justice (RJ) as an ‘apparatus’, that is, a dynamic ensemble of elements whose emergence is related to the development of a distinctive political rationality (ethopolitics). This approach enables a multidimensional comprehension of RJ, since it targets both discursive and non-discursive elements, their power/knowledge relations and subjugating effects. Furthermore, the article explores possibilities for an emancipatory RJ, against the subjective entrapment that the apparatus produces, offering some practical examples. Overall, this work aims to offer a theoretically engaged and critical scrutiny of RJ by using an underexploited analytical device – the apparatus – apt to make visible unexpected dimensions of this ‘new’ frontier of western penalty. This could enhance our understanding of the emergence and possible trajectories of RJ, by identifying risks and opportunities as well as tools for disentanglement from its most problematic institutional developments.
Cerebellar Upregulation of Cell Surface Death Receptor–Mediated Apoptotic Factors in Harmaline-Induced Tremor: An Immunohistochemistry Study
Authors: Erekat Nour S
Published: November 2018

Active caspase-3-mediated apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of harmaline-induced tremor. The aim of this study is to illustrate the impact of tremor induction on the expression of factors mediating the cell surface death receptor–dependent apoptosis. A total of 20 normal Wistar rats were randomly selected and equally divided into control and experimental groups. Tremor was induced in the experimental group by injecting the rats with a single dose of harmaline (50 mg/kg). After that, cerebellar tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and active caspase-8 in the 2 groups of animals. TNF-α and active caspase-8 expression was significantly higher in cerebella from experimental rats compared with that in those from the control rats ( P value < .01). Thus, our present data suggest the association of tremor induction with the cerebellar overexpression of TNF-α and active caspase-8, correlative with Purkinje cell (PC) loss indicated by loss of calbindin immunoreactivity, indicating the induction of the cell surface death receptor–mediated apoptosis.
Residual disability after severe relapse in people with multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying therapy
Authors: Achiron Anat , Sarova-Pinhas Ida , Magalashvili David , Stern Yael , Gal Aviva , Dolev Mark , Menascu Shay , Harari Gil , Gurevich Michael
Published: November 2018

Background:

The rate of post-relapse residual disability in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with disease-modifying drugs (DMD) has not been studied.

Objective:

To assess relapse residual disability in DMD-treated RRMS patients.

Methods:

We followed DMD-treated RRMS patients presenting with acute relapse who received high-dose steroids. Increases in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of at least 2.0, 1.0–1.5 or 0.5 were defined as severe, moderate or mild relapses, respectively. The proportions of patients with post-relapse residual disability defined as the failure to regain pre-relapse neurological status at 1, 4 and 12 months were evaluated.

Results:

Out of 1672 relapses in DMD-treated RRMS patients, 17% were severe. In patients who presented with a severe relapse, we observed post-relapse residual disability of at least 1.0 EDSS point in 60.1%, 55.9% and 48.2% of patients at 1, 2 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively. Post-relapse residual disability of at least 2.0 EDSS points was observed in 37.4%, 30.7% and 20.7% of patients after 1, 2 and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusion:

A high rate of incomplete recovery was seen 12 months following severe relapse among RRMS patients and may contribute to the accumulation of long-term disability.
Experience of the Euronut-Seneca Study in Design, Implementation, and Data Analysis
Authors: de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , van Staveren Wija A. , Hautvast Joseph G. A. J.
Published: November 2018

In 1988, a Europe-wide, multicentre study on nutrition and health in the elderly (SENECA: Survey Europe on Nutrition in the Elderly: a Concerted Action) was started to examine dietary patterns in the elderly in relation to lifestyle, social and economic conditions, health, and performance. This paper evaluates the process of obtaining the baseline measurements of this longitudinal study and discusses quality control and difficulties encountered in gathering and comparing data in a cross-cultural, multicentre study.
Genomic Science—From 2001 to Present Day: What School Nurses Need to Know
Authors: Barnby Elizabeth , Reynolds Mark , O’Neal Pamela
Published: November 2018

Genetic science has made remarkable advances in the 21st century. As genetic and genomic sciences continue to expand, school nurses will become thoroughly immersed in data, information, and technology. As new diseases, treatments, and therapies are discovered, school nurses will need to implement and assess best practices for the complex and medically fragile student population. This article will discuss the top 10 recent discoveries in genomic science and how school nurses can use this information in clinical practice.
Wave modeling in viscoacoustic media with transverse isotropy
Authors: da Silva Nuno V. , Yao Gang , Warner Michael
Published: November 2018

We have developed a derivation of a system of equations for acoustic waves in a medium with transverse isotropy (TI) in velocity and attenuation. The equations are derived from Cauchy’s equation of motion, and the constitutive law is Hooke’s generalized law. The anisotropic anelasticity is introduced by combining Thomsen’s parameters with standard linear solids. The convolutional term in the constitutive law is eliminated by the method of memory variables. The resulting system of partial differential equations is second order in time for the pseudopressure fields and for the memory variables. We determine the numerical implementation of this system with the finite-difference method, with second-order accuracy in time and fourth-order accuracy in space. Comparison with analytical solutions, and modeling examples, demonstrates that our modeling approach is capable of capturing TI effects in intrinsic attenuation. We compared our modeling approach against an alternative method that implements the constitutive law of an anisotropic visco-acoustic medium, with vertical symmetry, in the frequency domain. Modeling examples using the two methods indicate a good agreement between both implementations, demonstrating a good accuracy of the method introduced herein. We develop a modeling example with realistic geologic complexity demonstrating the usefulness of this system of equations for applications in seismic imaging and inversion.
Fracture detection and fluid identification based on anisotropic Gassmann equation and linear-slip model
Authors: Pan Xinpeng , Zhang Guangzhi
Published: November 2018

Detection of fracture and fluid properties from subsurface azimuthal seismic data improves our abilities to characterize the saturated porous reservoirs with aligned fractures. Motivated by the fracture detection and fluid identification in a fractured porous medium, we have developed a feasible approach to perform a rock physics model-based amplitude variation with offset and azimuth (AVOAz) inversion for the fracture and fluid parameters in a horizontal transversely isotropic (HTI) medium using the PP-wave angle gathers along different azimuths. Based on the linear-slip model, we first use anisotropic Gassmann’s equation to derive the expressions of saturated stiffness components and their perturbations of first-order approximation in terms of elastic properties of an isotropic porous background and fracture compliances induced by a single set of rotationally invariant fractures. We then derive a linearized PP-wave reflection coefficient in terms of fluid modulus, dry-rock matrix term, porosity, density, and fracture compliances or quasi-compliances for an interface separating two weakly HTI media based on the Born scattering theory. Finally, we solve the AVOAz inverse problems iteratively constrained by the Cauchy-sparse regularization and the low-frequency regularization in a Bayesian framework. The results demonstrate that the fluid modulus and fracture quasi-compliances are reasonably estimated in the case of synthetic and real seismic data containing moderate noise in a gas-filled fractured porous reservoir.
The role of integrin β1 in the heterogeneity of human embryonic stem cells culture
Authors: Kallas-Kivi Ade , Trei Annika , Stepanjuk Artjom , Ruisu Katrin , Kask Keiu , Pooga Margus , Maimets Toivo
Published: November 2018

The maintenance of the pluripotency of human embryonic stem (hES) cells requires special conditions for culturing. These conditions include specific growth factors containing media and extracellular matrix (ECM) or an appropriate substrate for adhesion. Interactions between the cells and ECM are mediated by integrins, which interact with the components of ECM in active conformation. This study focused on the characterisation of the role of integrin β1 in the adhesion, migration and differentiation of hES cells. Blocking integrin β1 abolished the adhesion of hES cells, decreasing their survival and pluripotency. This effect was in part rescued by the inhibition of RhoA signalling with Y-27632. The presence of Y-27632 increased the migration of hES cells and supported their differentiation into embryoid bodies. The differences in integrin β1 recycling in the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain and in the localisation of TSC2 were observed between the hES cells growing as a single-cell culture and in a colony. The hES cells at the centre and borders of the colony were found to have differences in their morphology, migration and signalling network activity. We concluded that the availability of integrin β1 was essential for the contraction, migration and differentiation ability of hES cells.
New Estonian records: Lichenized fungi
Authors: Degtjarenko Polina , Jüriado Inga , Lõhmus Piret
Published: November 2018

The lichenized fungi Cetrelia monachorum, Pelti­gera castanea and P. occidentalis are reported as new to Estonia after revision of herbarium samples; one further species, Peltigera frippi Holt.-Hartw., must be excluded from the list of Estonian lichens as a misidentification.
Arguments and Comments Presented during the Discussion of Dina Sõritsa’s Doctoral thesis The Health-care Provider’s Civil Liability in Cases of Prenatal Damages
Authors: Pereira André Dias
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the main topics that arose in the discussion of the doctoral thesis The Health-Care Provider’s Civil Liability in Cases of Prenatal Damages, presented at the facilities of the University of Tartu Faculty of Law by its author, Dina Sõritsa. These topics are briefly dealt with from a comparative-law perspective and with special attention to European human-rights law. The discussion articulates and proceeds from the opinions the author presented as designated opponent for the public defence of the dissertation.
Nature and Culture as Human Spaces
Authors: Storck Thomas
Published: November 2018

Using Tõnu Viik's statement of the relationship between philosophy and culture as a framework, after discussing both nature and world, I investigate how culture affects the ways human beings live in nature and the world, then the implications of living in culture for philosophy and human knowledge, and finally the philosophy of culture, what it is or might be and its place as a focal point for a philosophical understanding of human life and activity
Philosophical Disputations at the University of Tartu 1632-1710: Boundaries of a Discipline
Authors: Friedenthal Meelis , Piirimäe Pärtel
Published: November 2018

The article focuses on the definitions and divisions of philosophical disciplines in the disputations presented at the University of Tartu during the first two periods of its existence: Academia Gustaviana (1632--1656) and Academia Gustavo-Carolina (1690--1710). The classifications of philosophy in Tartu are studied in the context of competing traditions of classifying knowledge and the spread of novel pedagogical methods in early modern Europe. These trends were also reflected in the university statutes that were directly borrowed from the University of Uppsala, the parent institution of the academy in Tartu. The article shows that a strong emphasis on Ramist methods of teaching in the 1632 constitution and a similar prominence given to Aristotelianism in the 1689 constitution affected, to some extent, the priorities given to certain disciplines in the faculties but did not always determine the division of responsibilities between professors nor the conceptual tools and contents of instruction.
Gustav Teichmüller and the Systematic Significance of Studying the History of Concepts
Authors: Gabriel Gottfried
Published: November 2018

The history of concepts is relevant in philosophy because conceptual distinctions fundamentally shape cognition. Because these conceptual distinctions are deeply entrenched in our way of thinking, we are not usually aware of this influence. How we view the world depends crucially on the concepts we have. These concepts, however, are the products of their history. Following Herbart, Gustav Teichmüller viewed philosophy as the systematic analysis and refinement of concepts. Refining concepts in such a way allows us to make new distinctions, or to transform or abandon old ones. In contrast to Herbart, Teichmüller emphasized that this process presupposes detailed historical studies. This does not mean, however, that Teichmüller embraced a kind of historicism---the view that philosophy and its history are one and the same thing. On the contrary, he derogatorily referred to such a view as "historical psychology". Rather, the history of concepts in Teichmüller's sense has to be understood as a history of problems which are reflected in conceptual distinctions. This means that the history of concepts, which brings to light explicit and implicit distinctions, can be applied as a kind of hermeneutics of world views---as the basis on which we can systematically reconstruct concepts in a new light. It is the aim of this presentation to unfold such an understanding of the history of concepts in view of Teichmüller's contribution to it.
The Value of the Accounting Plan in the Organization of Management Accounting
Authors: Ибрагимова А. , Ibragimova A.
Published: November 2018

The article reveals and systematizes modern approaches to the organization of management accounting on the basis of creating a system of accounts. The author offered his point of view on the way of development of methodology and tools for creating an Autonomous system of management accounting that meets the modern needs of management of exploration enterprises.
FEATURES OF THE INCLUSIVE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA, THE USA AND THE UK
Authors: Сябрюк Надежда , Syabryuk Nadezhda
Published: November 2018

In the article the features of the educational process construction in the United States, Great Britain and the Russian Federation are analyzed, considering the principles of inclusion. The relevance of socialization problems for disabled people and children with disabilities in modern society is evaluated in accordance with the possibility of self-realization. This article contains information about the main legal and regulatory acts governing the social, economic and educational policies of the countries in inclusion sphere. The attitude of citizens to the socialization problem of disabled people is analyzed, as well as the main problems faced by the education system on the way to the implementation of the processes of inclusion
Things We Do for No Reason: Prealbumin Testing to Diagnose Malnutrition in the Hospitalized Patient
Authors: Lacy Mary , Roesch Justin , Langsjoen Jens
Published: November 2018

Inspired by the ABIM Foundation's Choosing Wisely® campaign, the “Things We Do for No Reason” series reviews practices which have become common parts of hospital care but which may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards, but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
Treatment implications arise for statins in two new trials
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: November 2018

In this monthly feature, Sarah Jane Palmer delves into topical news, the latest research and what the experts are saying on subjects related to cardiology and cardiac nursing practice.
Breastfeeding: Ethics and evidence
Authors: Winter George F
Published: November 2018

The evidence shows that breastfeeding is best for babies, but is it a mother's moral duty to breastfeed? George Winter unpicks the arguments for and against
Midwives' employment rights
Authors: Golden Paul
Published: November 2018

What can midwives do if they have been unfairly sacked or suspended? As with any other profession, midwives have a right to fair process. Paul Golden exlains how they can assert this right
Fragmentos urbanos después de la burbuja inmobiliaria: el caso de Madrid
Authors: Sorando Ortín Daniel , Uceda Navas Pedro
Published: November 2018

Las lógicas neoliberales tienen un impacto claro y a menudo diferenciado en las ciudades actuales pero resulta conveniente contrastar empíricamente los marcos teóricos provenientes de la tradición francesa o norteamericana, para poder entender las diferencias que se dan en las ciudades del sur de Europa. El objetivo es aplicar la teoría de la ciudad partida (Marcuse y Van Kempen, 2000) a través de análisis cuantitativo multivariable, explicando los procesos de segregación y las diferencias en los espacios sociales en la Comunidad de Madrid y su posible adecuación al modelo teórico que sostiene el crecimiento de las divisiones en los espacios urbanos.