bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of IL‐18 Serum Level and Its Promoter Polymorphisms in the Saudi Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Patients
Authors: Jabir Nasimudeen R. , Firoz Chelapram K. , Kamal Mohammad A. , Damanhouri Ghazi A. , Alama Mohammed Nabil , Alam Qamre , Haque Absarul , Almehdar Hussein A. , Tabrez Shams
Published: January 2017

The purpose of the current study was to find out the possible changes polymorphic site at the promoter region of IL‐18 gene in Saudi CAD patients. We have also measured serum IL‐18 level to find out, the likely association between its level and polymorphic site. The present study included total 197 subjects (98 confirmed CAD patients both men and women and 99 healthy control individuals). Serum concentration of IL‐18 was measured by enzyme linked immuno‐sorbent assay. For SNPs analysis, sanger method of DNA sequencing was followed. We observed variable numbers of SNPs at −137 C/G, −607 A/C, and −656 T/G promoter sites in our studied samples. However, the observed changes in the number of SNP hotspots were found to be non‐significant compared with control. IL‐18 level was found to be significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in CAD patients compared with control individuals. The highest rise of around 36% (P < 0.001) in IL‐18 level was recorded in unstable angina (UA) patients. Moreover, the group belonging to UA and non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) showed only 6% rise. On the basis of our result, inflammation seems to have a role in the pathogenesis of CAD but not leading to the significant changes at the genetic level. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1849–1854, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
α‐Tocopheryl Phosphate Induces VEGF Expression via CD36/PI3Kγ in THP‐1 Monocytes
Authors: Zingg Jean‐Marc , Azzi Angelo , Meydani Mohsen
Published: January 2017

The CD36 scavenger receptor binds several ligands and mediates ligand uptake and ligand‐dependent signal transduction and gene expression, events that may involve CD36 internalization. Here we show that CD36 internalization in THP‐1 monocytes is triggered by α‐tocopherol (αT) and more strongly by α‐tocopheryl phosphate (αTP) and EPC‐K1, a phosphate diester of αTP and L‐ascorbic acid. αTP‐triggered CD36 internalization is prevented by the specific covalent inhibitor of selective lipid transport by CD36, sulfo‐N‐succinimidyl oleate (SSO). Moreover, SSO inhibited the CD36‐mediated uptake of 14C‐labelled αTP suggesting that αTP binding and internalization of CD36 is involved in cellular αTP uptake, whereas the uptake of αT was less affected. Similar to that, inhibition of selective lipid transport of the SR‐BI scavenger receptor resulted mainly in reduction of αTP and not αT uptake. In contrast, uptake of αT was mainly inhibited by Dynasore, an inhibitor of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, suggesting that the differential regulatory effects of αTP and αT on signaling may be influenced by their different routes of uptake. Interestingly, αTP and EPC‐K1 also reduced the neutral lipid content of THP‐1 cells and the phagocytosis of fluorescentStaphylococcus aureusbioparticles. Moreover, induction of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter activity by αTP occurred via CD36/PI3Kγ/Akt, as it could be inhibited by specific inhibitors of this pathway (SSO, Wortmannin, AS‐605240). These results suggest that αTP activates PI3Kγ/Akt signaling leading to VEGF expression in monocytes after binding to and/or transport by CD36, a receptor known to modulate angiogenesis in response to amyloid beta, oxLDL, and thrombospondin. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1855–1867, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engaging populations living with vulnerable conditions in community‐based research: A concept mapping approach to understanding positive practices
Authors: Stack‐Cutler Holly , Schnirer Laurie , Dare Lynn
Published: January 2017

The goal of this research is to identify positive practices used when conducting community‐based research with people living with vulnerable conditions. Community‐based research practitioners who participated in the research included 37 researchers, community partners, program planners, and government employees, working in health, human services, children and youth, and education sectors. Concept mapping, a participatory stakeholder‐driven process, was used to generate a framework of how community‐based research practitioners responded to the complex environments of people living with vulnerable conditions when conducting research. Respondents generated positive practices, determined relationships among practices, and rated practices on frequency of use and perceived effectiveness. This study revealed 7 clusters of positive practices: ethical practices, participant supports, social accountability, community involvement, language competence, financial compensation, and project management.
Nanomaterial processing strategies in functional hybrid materials for wastewater treatment using algal biomass
Authors: Eroglu Ela , Raston Colin L
Published: January 2017

Algal cultivation has tremendous potential in wastewater treatment, and its simultaneous biomass production has advantages for the production of value added products such as biodiesel, fertilizers and pharmaceuticals. Some obstacles to obtaining a productive biological water treatment and bioenergy system are the harvesting and processing of biomass. Such issues can be addressed using nano‐bio hybridization approaches by simplifying the microbial harvesting step along with increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment. This review highlights studies within our research group that are based on the fabrication of functional hybrid materials using algal biomass, including: (i) electrospun nanofibers; (ii) laminar nanomaterials; and (iii) magnetic nanoparticles impregnated in a polymer. All of these techniques have been used for the removal of waste pollutants such as nitrate and phosphate ions. The multidisciplinary techniques have potential to provide effective algal culture systems for industrial applications, while having a significant impact on wastewater treatment. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative study of the binding of 3 flavonoids to the fat mass and obesity‐associated protein by spectroscopy and molecular modeling
Authors: Zhang Lijiao , Ren Ting , Wang Zechun , Wang Ruiyong , Chang Junbiao
Published: January 2017

This study aims to investigate the interaction between 3 flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and naringenin) and fat mass and obesity‐associated protein by fluorescence, ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. Results indicate that the intrinsic fluorescence of fat mass and obesity‐associated protein can be quenched by the 3 flavonoids through a static quenching procedure. Thermodynamic analysis and molecular modeling results suggest that hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond forces play the major roles in the binding process. Moreover, results also show that the rank order of quenching constant and binding constant is quercetin > apigenin > naringenin.
Platysma‐sparing vascularized submental lymph node flap transfer for extremity lymphedema
Authors: Poccia Igor , Lin Chia‐Yu , Cheng Ming‐Huei
Published: January 2017

Background and Objectives

Due to its consistent vascular and lymphatic anatomy, the vascularized submental lymph node flap is a reliable option for lymphedema treatment. Despite these advantages, flap harvest requires resection of platysma, which may cause a marginal mandibular nerve pseudo‐paralysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the donor site morbidity of an innovative platysma‐sparing vascularized submental lymph node flap transfer for treating extremity lymphedema.

Methods

Ten patients undergoing platysma sparing submental lymph‐node flap harvest were prospectively enrolled in the study and compared with a control group of 10 patients who underwent standard submental lymph‐node flap harvest. Photogrammetry analysis was used to assess donor site morbidity with regards to marginal mandibular nerve pseudo‐paralysis.

Results

All flaps survived. No necrosis of the skin paddle was observed in both groups. There were no marginal mandibular nerve palsies in both group. There were no cases of marginal mandibular nerve pseudo‐paralysis in the platysma sparing group.

Conclusions

The platysma sparing submental flap, while offering comparable functional improvement for extremity lymphedema, has the advantages of maximizing nerve and muscular preservation, significantly reducing donor site morbidity. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:48–53. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the structure of sets with positive reach
Authors: Rataj Jan , Zajíček Luděk
Published: January 2017

We give a complete characterization of compact sets with positive reach (proximally C1 sets) in the plane and of one‐dimensional sets with positive reach in . Further, we prove that if is a set of positive reach of topological dimension , then A has its “k‐dimensional regular part” which is a k‐dimensional “uniform” C1, 1 manifold open in A and can be locally covered by finitely many ‐dimensional DC surfaces. We also show that if has positive reach, then can be locally covered by finitely many semiconcave hypersurfaces.
Amplified 7q21‐22 gene MCM7 and its intronic miR‐25 suppress COL1A2 associated genes to sustain intestinal gastric cancer features
Authors: Tamilzhalagan Sembulingam , Rathinam Dhanasekaran , Ganesan Kumaresan
Published: January 2017

Frequent amplification of 7q21‐22 genomic region is known in gastric cancer. Multiple genes including SHFM1, MCM7, and COL1A2 were reported to be the potential cancer candidate genes of this 20 Mb amplicon. This amplicon has two polycistrionic miRNA clusters and in the present study, miR‐106b‐25 cluster located in intron‐13 of MCM7 was identified to express in gastric tumors. Among the 7q21‐22 candidate genes, SHFM1 and MCM7 are expressed in intestinal type gastric tumors, whereas COL1A2 is expressed in diffuse type gastric tumors. Across gastric tumors, miR‐25 was identified to co‐express with MCM7 and SHFM1. On the other hand, negative correlation was observed between miR‐25 and COL1A2 expression. miR‐25 originating from MCM7 was found capable of selectively targeting the adjacent gene COL1A2. Silencing of miR‐25 was found capable of elevating the expression of COL1A2 and inhibiting E‐cadherin expression, revealing the diffuse type gastric cancer suppressive role conferred by miR‐25. miR‐25 was also found to suppress p53, and activate c‐Src revealing its intestinal type gastric cancer associated oncogenic functions. Genome‐wide expression profiling upon miR‐25 silencing reveals that miR‐25 is capable of suppressing 40 genes which are co‐expressed with COL1A2, involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis which are the typical diffuse type gastric cancer features. The results clearly demonstrate 7q21‐22 amplification, MCM7, and its intronic miR‐25 are the major molecular switches involved in the complex oncogenic circuits of gastric cancer.
A neural network ensemble downscaling system (SIBILLA) for seasonal forecasts over Italy: winter case studies
Authors: Amendola Stefano , Maimone Filippo , Pasini Antonello , Ciciulla Fabrizio , Pelino Vinicio
Published: January 2017

A novel statistical downscaling system for seasonal predictions is presented, based on an ensemble of neural networks with Bayesian regularization. The systemSIBILLA(Statistical Integrated Bayesian Informationsystem for Large to Localarea Analysis) is able to take multiple predictor fields and/or time series as inputs. Gridded fields are compressed using empirical orthogonal functions, and a canonical correlation analysis is performed between predictors and each predictand. The first canonical variates are used as effective predictors in a neural network ensemble system. Final outputs for each parameter are expressed as a probability distribution for each station/grid point in the space of observations, as a result of the convolution of Gaussian mixtures. A first example of application in the Italian area is presented. An overall increase in skill score performances with respect to European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) System 4 direct model output for the period 1981–2010 was found, even if probably not as high as desirable in a fully operational system.
Adults with initial metabolic syndrome have altered muscle deoxygenation during incremental exercise
Authors: Machado Alessandro da Costa , Barbosa Thales Coelho , Kluser Sales Allan Robson , de Souza Marcio Nogueira , da Nóbrega Antonio Claudio Lucas , Silva Bruno Moreira
Published: January 2017

Objective

Reduced aerobic power is independently associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence and prevalence in adults. This study investigated whether muscle deoxygenation (proxy of microvascular O2 extraction) during incremental exercise is altered in MetS and associated with reduced oxygen consumption (
O2peak).

Methods

Twelve men with initial MetS (no overt diseases and medication‐naive; mean ± SD, age 38 ± 7 years) and 12 healthy controls (HCs) (34 ± 7 years) completed an incremental cycling test to exhaustion, in which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange (metabolic analyzer), as well as vastus lateralis deoxygenation (near infrared spectroscopy), were measured.

Results

Subjects with MetS, in contrast to HCs, showed lower
O2peak normalized to total lean mass, similar
O2 response to exercise, and earlier break point (BP) in muscle deoxygenation. Consequently, deoxygenation slope from BP to peak exercise was greater. Furthermore, absolute
O2peak was positively associated with BP in correlations adjusted for total lean mass.

Conclusions

MetS, without overt diseases, altered kinetics of muscle deoxygenation during incremental exercise, particularly at high‐intensity exercise. Therefore, the balance between utilization and delivery of O2 within skeletal muscle is impaired early in MetS natural history, which may contribute to the reduction in aerobic power.
Sensorless speed H∞ control for PMSM based on energy function
Authors: Wu Zhong‐qiang , Wu Chang‐han , Jia Wen‐jing , Zhao Li‐ru
Published: January 2017

In this paper, a kind of sensorless speed H∞ control method for PMSM based on energy function is researched. In order to control the angular speed of motor rotator effectively, at first the Hamilton model of PMSM is shaped without considering disturbance, then the rotator speed can be controlled to reach the expected value. Considered disturbance, a H∞ controller based on the Hamilton function is designed. A kind of observer is designed by the method of expansion plus feedback based on the Hamilton function and used to measure the angular speed of rotator, and the sensorless speed shaped plusing H∞ control is achieved. The simulation result shows that the shaping plus H∞ control based on the observer can estimate the angular speed of rotator accurately, restrain the voltage fluctuation of grid and control the angular speed of rotator effectively.
Renewable resource modified polyol derived aliphatic hyperbranched polyurethane as a biodegradable and UV‐resistant smart material
Authors: Bayan Rajarshi , Karak Niranjan
Published: January 2017

Renewable resource tailored tough, elastomeric, biodegradable, smart aliphatic hyperbranched polyurethanes were synthesized using castor oil modified polyol containing fatty amide triol, glycerol, diethanolamine and monoglyceride of sunflower oil via an Ax + By (x, y ≥ 2) approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the synthesis of solely aliphatic hyperbranched polyurethanes by employing renewable resources. The synthesized polyurethanes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, NMR and XRD techniques. The hyperbranched polyurethanes exhibited good mechanical properties, especially elongation at break (668%), toughness (32.16 MJ m−3) and impact resistance (19.02 kJ m−1); also high thermal stability (above 300 °C) and good chemical resistance. Also, the hyperbranched polyurethanes were found to show adequate biodegradability and significant UV light resistance. Moreover, they demonstrated excellent multi‐stimuli‐driven shape recovery ability (up to 97%) under direct sunlight (105 lux), thermal energy (50 °C) and microwave irradiation (450 W). The performance of the hyperbranched polyurethanes was compared with renewable resource based and synthetic linear polyurethane to judge the superiority of the hyperbranched architecture. Therefore, these new aliphatic macromolecules hold significant promise as smart materials for advanced applications. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic characterization of microdissected breast tissue environment provides a protein‐level overview of malignant transformation
Authors: Braakman René B. H. , Stingl Christoph , Tilanus‐Linthorst Madeleine M. A. , van Deurzen Carolien H. M. , Timmermans Mieke A. M. , Smid Marcel , Foekens John A. , Luider Theo M. , Martens John W. M. , Umar Arzu
Published: January 2017

Both healthy and cancerous breast tissue is heterogeneous, which is a bottleneck for proteomics‐based biomarker analysis, as it obscures the cellular origin of a measured protein. We therefore aimed at obtaining a protein‐level interpretation of malignant transformation through global proteome analysis of a variety of laser capture microdissected cells originating from benign and malignant breast tissues. We compared proteomic differences between these tissues, both from cells of epithelial origin and the stromal environment, and performed string analysis. Differences in protein abundances corresponded with several hallmarks of cancer, including loss of cell adhesion, transformation to a migratory phenotype, and enhanced energy metabolism. Furthermore, despite enriching for (tumor) epithelial cells, many changes to the extracellular matrix were detected in microdissected cells of epithelial origin. The stromal compartment was heterogeneous and richer in the number of fibroblast and immune cells in malignant sections, compared to benign tissue sections. Furthermore, stroma could be clearly divided into reactive and nonreactive based on extracellular matrix disassembly proteins. We conclude that proteomics analysis of both microdissected epithelium and stroma gives an additional layer of information and more detailed insight into malignant transformation.
Improved synthetic route to quinoxyfen photometabolite 2‐chloro‐10‐fluorochromeno[2,3,4‐de]quinoline
Authors: Johnson Peter L , Kister Jeremy , Thornburgh Scott
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Quinoxyfen is a fungicide developed by Dow AgroSciences for the control of powdery mildew. Re‐registration studies required gram quantities of 2‐chloro‐10‐fluorochromeno[2,3,4‐de]quinoline, a photometabolite of quinoxyfen. The only previous method of preparation of this photometabolite was by photolysis of quinoxyfen in less than 1% yield. Therefore, a new method allowing for the preparation of this photometabolite in gram quantities was required.

RESULTS

Several different metal catalyzed intramolecular cyclization approaches were investigated for the synthesis of 2‐chloro‐10‐fluorochromeno[2,3,4‐de]quinoline. While most methods failed to provide the desired product from a 2‐bromophenyl derivative of quinoxyfen, a novel one‐pot two‐step synthesis led to the desired material in good yield from quinoxyfen.

CONCLUSION

A short and efficient synthetic route was developed to access 2‐chloro‐10‐fluorochromeno[2,3,4‐de]quinoline from readily available (4‐fluoro‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid and quinoxyfen and was found to be scalable, which enabled the preparation of the desired photometabolite in gram quantities thus meeting material requirements to complete regulatory studies for the re‐registration of quinoxyfen. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Inductions of reproduction and population growth in the generalist predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae) exposed to sub‐lethal concentrations of insecticides
Authors: Lu Weiwei , Xu Qiujing , Zhu Jun , Liu Chen , Ge Linquan , Yang Guoqing , Liu Fang
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

The miridbug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, is a significant predacious enemy of rice planthoppers. The effects of sub‐lethal concentrations of triazophos, deltamethrin and imidacloprid on fecundity, egg hatchability, expression levels of genes associated with reproduction, and population growth in C. lividipennis were investigated.

RESULTS

The fecundities for three pair combinations (♀c × ♂t, ♀t × ♂c and ♀t × ♂t) treated with sub‐lethal concentrations of the insecticides triazophos, deltamethrin and imidacloprid (LC10 and LC20) showed a significant increase compared to the untreated pairs (♀c × ♂c). However, sub‐lethal concentration treatments did not affect the egg hatchability. The ClVg expression levels of female adults exposed to triazophos, deltamethrin and imidacloprid (LC20) increased by 52.6, 48.9 and 91.2%, respectively. The ClSPATA13 expression level of adult males exposed to triazophos, deltamethrim and imidacloprid (LC20) increased by 80.7, 41.3 and 48.3%, respectively. Furthermore, sub‐lethal concentrations of insecticides (LC20) caused increased population numbers in C. lividipennis.

CONCLUSION

Sub‐lethal concentrations of triazophos, deltamethrin and imidacloprid stimulated reproduction and enhanced population growth of C. lividipennis. The reproductive stimulation might result from the up‐regulation of ClVg or ClSPATA13. These findings may be useful in mediating populations of planthoppers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Pesticide exposure assessment for surface waters in the EU. Part 2: Determination of statistically based run‐off and drainage scenarios for Germany
Authors: Bach Martin , Diesner Mirjam , Großmann Dietlinde , Guerniche Djamal , Hommen Udo , Klein Michael , Kubiak Roland , Müller Alexandra , Preuss Thomas G , Priegnitz Jan , Reichenberger Stefan , Thomas Kai , Trapp Matthias
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

In order to assess surface water exposure to active substances of plant protection products (PPPs) in the European Union (EU), the FOCUS (FOrum for the Co‐ordination of pesticide fate models and their USe) surface water workgroup introduced four run‐off and six drainage scenarios for Step 3 of the tiered FOCUSsw approach. These scenarios may not necessarily represent realistic worst‐case situations for the different Member States of the EU. Hence, the suitability of the scenarios for risk assessment in the national authorisation procedures is not known.

RESULTS

Using Germany as an example, the paper illustrates how national soil–climate scenarios can be developed to model entries of active substances into surface waters from run‐off and erosion (using the model PRZM) and from drainage (using the model MACRO). In the authorisation procedure for PPPs on Member State level, such soil–climate scenarios can be used to determine exposure endpoints with a defined overall percentile.

CONCLUSION

The approach allows the development of national specific soil–climate scenarios and to calculate percentile‐based exposure endpoints. The scenarios have been integrated into a software tool analogous to FOCUS‐SWASH which can be used in the future to assess surface water exposure in authorisation procedures of PPPs in Germany. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Optical antenna effect on SiNWs/CuS photodiodes
Authors: Yenchalwar Sandeep G. , Rondiya Sachin R. , Shinde Pravin N. , Jadkar Sandesh R. , Shelke M. V.
Published: January 2017

One‐dimensional architectures between silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and CuS were fabricated by radio‐frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and analyzed for solid‐state photodetector application. Inspired by the subwavelength optical concentration by the surface plasmons on metal nanostructures at the nanoscale, we investigated the effect of gold nanorods (AuNRs) on the optical absorption and photodetection properties of the heterojunction photodiode. AuNRs acting as an optical trapping antenna enhances the light absorption, consequently boosting the photocurrent from the device. A maximum photoresponsivity of 0.36 mA W‐1 was achieved under 665 nm excitation wavelength independent of the bias, a value ∼13 times higher than for the heterojunction photodiode without AuNRs. Such plasmonic sensitization can be useful for improving the sensitivity of visible as well as IR photodetectors.
Robotic versus open liver resections: A case‐matched comparison
Authors: Morel Philippe , Jung Minoa , Cornateanu Sorina , Buehler Leo , Majno Pietro , Toso Christian , Buchs Nicolas C. , Rubbia‐Brandt Laura , Hagen Monika E.
Published: January 2017

Background

Most hepatic resections are currently performed using an open approach. Robotic surgery might enable the transition of these procedures to minimally invasive surgery.

Methods

Pre‐, peri‐ and post‐operative data of all patients who underwent a liver resection from 2009/2012 to 2001/2015, were collected prospectively. All robotic resection patients were matched 1:1 to patients who underwent open surgery. Pre‐ and perioperative data, up to 30 days, were analyzed.

Results

Sixteen robotic and open hepatic resections were identified. Fewer complication events and shorter lengths of stay (LOS, 7.9 versus 11 days, P = 0.0603) were observed for robotic resections. Length of stay in the intermediate care unit (IMC) was shorter after the robotic procedure (10 h vs 16.6 h, P = 0.0699). Operating room (OR) time was significantly longer in the robotic resection cohort (352.8 vs 239.6 min, P = 0.0215). All tumor margins were negative.

Conclusions

This preliminary comparison demonstrates the general feasibility of minor robotic liver resection in selected cases.
Critical Social Theory and Sustainable Development: The Role of Class, Capitalism and Domination in a Dialectical Analysis of Un/Sustainability
Authors: Fuchs Christian
Published: January 2017

It is still a relatively open question if and how sustainability fits into a critical theory of society. This paper's aim is to makes a contribution to the critical social theory foundations of sustainability and to reflect on the links between capitalism, class and sustainability. Sustainability has not been a very popular concept in sociological theory. One of the reasons may be that sociology has a strongly critical tradition focusing on the analysis and critique of power structures in modern society. It is therefore often sceptical of ideas coming from the policy world that are susceptible to having an administrative character. The article argues that, although sustainability has a strongly ideological character, a critical theory of society should not simply discard this notion, but aim to sublate it. Some foundations of a way to integrate sustainability into a critical theory of society are presented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Efficacy Dependence of Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Upconversion Nanoparticles: Subcellular Positioning and Irradiation Productivity
Authors: Chen Dexin , Tao Ran , Tao Ke , Chen Biqiong , Choi Seok Ki , Tian Qing , Xu Yawen , Zhou Guangdong , Sun Kang
Published: January 2017

Singlet oxygen (1O2), as an important kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and main therapeutic agent in photodynamic therapy (PDT), only have a half‐life of 40 ns and an effective radius of 20 nm, which cause significant obstacles for improving PDT efficacy. In this work, novel upconversion nanoparticle (UCN)‐based nanoplatforms are developed with a minimized distance between UCNs and a photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and a controllable payload of PpIX, to enhance and control ROS production. The ability of the nanoplatform to target different subcellular organelles such as cell membrane and mitochondria is demonstrated via surface modification of the nanoplatform with different targeting ligands. The results show that the mitochondria‐targeting nanoplatforms result in significantly increased capability of both tumor cell killing and inhibition of tumor growth. Subcellular targeting of nanoparticles leads to the death of cancer cells in different manners. However, the efficiency of ROS generation almost have no influence on the tumor cell viability during the period of evaluation. These findings suggest that specific subcellular targeting of the nanoplatforms enhances the PDT efficacy more effectively than the increase of ROS production, and may shed light on future novel designs of effective and controllable PDT nanoplatforms.
JDAS: a software development framework for multidatabases
Authors: Xie Guoqi , Chen Yuekun , Liu Yan , Fan Chunnian , Li Renfa , Li Keqin
Published: January 2017

Modern software development for services computing and cloud computing software systems is no longer based on a single database but on existing multidatabases and this convergence needs new software architecture and framework design. Most current popular frameworks are not designed for multidatabases, and many practical problems in development arise. This study designs and implements a software development framework called Java data access service (JDAS) for multidatabases using the object‐oriented programming language Java. The JDAS framework solves related problems that arise when other frameworks are employed in practical software development with multidatabases by presenting and introducing design methods. JDAS consists of the modules of the database abstract, object relational mapping, connection pools management, configuration management, data access service, and inversion of control. Results and case study reveal that the JDAS framework effectively reduces development complexity and improves development efficiency of the software systems with multidatabases. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption Behavior of Fatty Alcohol Ether Sulfonate at Different Interfaces
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Zhao Yongxiang , Li Qiuxiao , Jiao Tiliu , Niu Jinping
Published: January 2017

The equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension, and interfacial tension (IFT) of fatty alcohol ether sulfonates (CmEnSO) were measured to investigate their adsorption behavior. The effect of NaCl and CaCl2 concentrations on the IFT was also studied. The results showed that the number of EO units has no significant effect on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and CMC decreases with increasing the length of the hydrophobic group. The surface tension at the CMC increases with the increase of the number of EO units and the length of the hydrophobic group. At dilute surfactant concentration, the adsorption process for CmEnSO is controlled by diffusion; at higher concentration, it becomes a mixed diffusion‐kinetic adsorption mechanism. The IFT between CmEnSO solution and dodecane remains around 10−1 mN/m over a wide range of electrolyte concentrations (NaCl concentration from 25 to 210 g/L, CaCl2 concentration from 0.1 to 10 g/L).
Current issues and future research priorities for health economic modelling across the full continuum of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gustavsson Anders , Green Colin , Jones Roy W. , Förstl Hans , Simsek Deniz , de Reydet de Vulpillieres Frederic , Luthman Stefanie , Adlard Nicholas , Bhattacharyya Subrata , Wimo Anders
Published: January 2017

Available data and models for the health‐economic evaluation of treatment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have limitations causing uncertainty to decision makers. Forthcoming treatment strategies in preclinical or early AD warrant an update on the challenges associated with their economic evaluation. The perspectives of the co‐authors were complemented with a targeted review of literature discussing methodological issues and data gaps in AD health‐economic modelling. The methods and data available to translate treatment efficacy in early disease into long‐term outcomes of relevance to policy makers and payers are limited. Current long‐term large‐scale data accurately representing the continuous, multifaceted, and heterogeneous disease process are missing. The potential effect of disease‐modifying treatment on key long‐term outcomes such as institutionalization and death is uncertain but may have great effect on cost‐effectiveness. Future research should give priority to collaborative efforts to access better data on the natural progression of AD and its association with key long‐term outcomes.
Standards for Clinical Trials in Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction: IV. Unique Aspects of Clinical Trials in Female Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Fisher William A. , Gruenwald Ilan , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Lev-Sagie Ahinoam , Lowenstein Lior , Pyke Robert E. , Reisman Yakov , Revicki Dennis A. , Rubio-Aurioles Eusebio
Published: January 2017

The focus of this article, the fourth in the series, Standards for Clinical Trials in Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction, is on aspects of clinical trial design and measurement that are specific to clinical trials for treatments of female sexual dysfunction. Challenges in this area include the limited extent of treatment development and clinical trial research across the spectrum of female sexual dysfunctions, changing regulatory considerations, changing diagnostic criteria for female sexual dysfunction, and the need to articulate assessment procedures to these changes. Discussion focuses on approaches to addressing these challenges in clinical trials in female sexual dysfunction.
Role of Nanotechnology in Erectile Dysfunction Treatment
Authors: Wang Alice Y. , Podlasek Carol A.
Published: January 2017

Introduction

The biological importance of nanotechnology-based delivery vehicles for in vivo tissue regeneration is gaining acceptance by the medical community; however, its relevance and incorporation into the treatment of sexual dysfunction are evolving and have not been well evaluated.

Aim

To provide scientific evidence examining the use of state-of-the-art nanotechnology-based delivery methodology in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in animal models and in patients.

Methods

This review assessed the current basic science literature examining the role of nanotechnology-based delivery vehicles in the development of potential ED therapies.

Results

There are four primary areas where nanotechnology has been applied for ED treatment: (i) topical delivery of drugs for on-demand erectile function, (ii) injectable gels into the penis to prevent morphologic changes after prostatectomy, (iii) hydrogels to promote cavernous nerve regeneration or neuroprotection, and (iv) encapsulation of drugs to increase erectile function (primarily of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors).

Conclusion

Basic science studies provide evidence for a significant and evolving role for nanotechnology in the development of therapies for ED and suggest that properly administered nano-based therapies might be advantageous for treating male sexual dysfunction.
Bistability and hysteresis induced by form drag in nonlinear subcritical and supercritical double-diffusive Lapwood convection in shallow porous enclosures
Authors: Rebhi Redha , Mamou Mahmoud , Vasseur Patrick
Published: January 2017

This paper considers natural Lapwood convection in a shallow porous cavity filled with a binary fluid. The investigation is mainly focused on the nonlinear behaviour of subcritical convection and the bistability phenomenon caused by the combined effects of porous medium form drag and double-diffusive convection. The Dupuit–Darcy model, which includes the effect of the form drag at high Reynolds flow, is used to describe the convective flow in the porous matrix. The enclosure is subject to vertical temperature and concentration gradients. The governing parameters of the problem under study are the Rayleigh number, $R_{T}$, the buoyancy ratio, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$, the Lewis number, $Le$, the form drag coefficient, ($1/P_{r}^{\ast }$), where $P_{r}^{\ast }$ is a modified Prandtl number, and the aspect ratio of the cavity, $A$. An analytical solution, valid for shallow enclosures ($A\gg 1$), is derived on the basis of the parallel flow approximation. Among other things, this work focuses on the effects of the form drag parameter on the convective flows that occur when the thermal and solutal buoyancy forces are opposing each other. For this situation, in the absence of the form drag effect, the onset of motion is known to occur at a subcritical Rayleigh number, $R_{TC}^{sub}$, which depends upon $\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}$ and $Le$ only. The effects of $P_{r}^{\ast }$ on $R_{TC}^{sub}$ and on the subsequent convective heat and mass transfer rates are found to be significant. A new bistability phenomenon arises when the onset of subcritical convection is shifted close to or beyond the threshold of supercritical convection, whether heating or cooling isothermally or upon applying constant heat and solute fluxes, regardless of the enclosure aspect ratio value. It is demonstrated, on the basis of linear stability theory, that the form drag parameter has a stabilizing effect and considerably affects the threshold for Hopf bifurcation, $R_{TC}^{Hopf}$, which characterizes the transition from steady to unsteady convection. In the range of governing parameters considered in this study, the heat, solute and flow characteristics predicted by the analytical model are found to agree well with the numerical study of the full governing equations.
Helically decomposed turbulence
Authors: Alexakis Alexandros
Published: January 2017

A decomposition of the energy and helicity fluxes is used to analyse turbulent hydrodynamic flows. The decomposition is based on the projection of the flow to a helical basis. This allows the roles of interactions among modes of different helicities to be investigated separately. The proposed formalism is applied to large-scale numerical simulations of non-helical and helical flows, where the decomposed fluxes are explicitly calculated. It is shown that the total energy flux can be split into three fluxes that independently remain constant in the inertial range. One of these fluxes which corresponds to the interactions of fields with the same helicity is negative, implying the presence of an inverse cascade that is ‘hidden’ inside the forward cascade. Similarly to the energy flux, it is also shown that the helicity flux can be decomposed into two fluxes that remain constant in the inertial range. Implications of these results as well as possible new directions for investigations are discussed.
Corrigendum and Addendum: Abstract M- and Abstract L-Spaces of Polynomials on Banach Lattices
Authors: Bu Qingying , Buskes Gerard , Li Yongjin
Published: January 2017

In this short note, we correct and reformulate Theorem 3.1 in the paper published in Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society58(3) (2015), 617–629.
Explicitly covariant dispersion relations and self-induced transparency
Authors: Mahajan S. M. , Asenjo Felipe A.
Published: January 2017

Explicitly covariant dispersion relations for a variety of plasma waves in unmagnetized and magnetized plasmas are derived in a systematic manner from a fully covariant plasma formulation. One needs to invoke relatively little known invariant combinations constructed from the ambient electromagnetic fields and the wave vector to accomplish the program. The implication of this work applied to the self-induced transparency effect is discussed. Some problems arising from the inconsistent use of relativity are pointed out.
Neuroanatomy of Gryposuchus neogaeus (Crocodylia, Gavialoidea): a first integral description of the braincase and endocranial morphological variation in extinct and extant gavialoids
Authors: Bona Paula , Paulina Carabajal Ariana , Gasparini Zulma
Published: January 2017

Morphological studies of the braincase and cranial endocast of fossil crocodylians, especially gavialids, are scarce. Here, we present a detailed description of the neuroanatomy of Gryposuchus neogaeus from the Miocene of Argentina, based on CT scans. The cranial endocast is sub-horizontal and the angle formed between the mid-brain and the hind-brain is poorly marked. When compared with Gavialis gangeticus, the mid-brain of G. neogaeus is relatively shorter, although the distribution of cranial nerves is similar. In the floor of the endocranial cavity, posterior to the dorsum sellae, there is a median foramen that leads into a canal that runs anteroventrally through the basisphenoid to penetrate the posterior wall of the pituitary fossa (open foramen for the basilar artery?). The same structure is present in G. gangeticus, but is absent in other living crocodylians, suggesting a potential synapomorphy of Gavialoidea. The pneumaticity of the skull roof and the lateral branches of the pharyngotympanic system in G. neogaeus are markedly reduced when compared with the extant species. Comparisons with the living Gavialis indicate that the pattern of braincase morphology of Gavialidae was present in the Miocene; however, the internal morphology, including brain shape, pneumaticity of the skull roof and basicranium, is different in the two species. This work is the first step to understand the variation of the neuroanatomy in this group of archosaurs and its palaeobiological implication.
Morpho-functional analysis of the mastoid region of the extinct South American mustelid †Stipanicicia pettorutii
Authors: Ercoli Marcos D.
Published: January 2017

The morphology of the mastoid region in predators is informative about the hunting strategies and capacity of carrying prey. The purpose of this research was to describe the mastoid region and reconstruct the associated musculature of †Stipanicicia pettorutii Reig, 1956, a Pleistocene weasel with a distinctive morphology compared to its living relatives, and to make inferences about its predatory abilities. Galictis, a living weasel closely related to Stipanicicia, as well as other carnivorans, were used as comparative models. The muscle insertions identified in Stipanicicia presented a similar or larger development than Galictis. The insertion area of the muscles obliquus capitis cranialis, longissimus capitis, sternocephalicus pars mastoidea and cleidocephalicus pars mastoidea were found to be markedly developed and in a lateralised position with respect to the atlanto–occipital joint in hyaenids and mustelids, and especially in Stipanicicia, suggesting powerful lateral flexion and rotation movements in the fossil. The larger degree of advancement of the mastoid process in mustelids, and secondary in felids, would allow a powerful ventral flexion of the head. Stipanicicia would have exhibited powerful lateral movements and retraction of the head and neck, over restricted extension movements and, therefore, would have been a weasel specialised in subjugating and carrying prey of a relatively large size.
Cognitive Load Mediates the Effect of Emotion on Analytical	Thinking
Authors: Trémolière Bastien , Gagnon Marie-Ève , Blanchette Isabelle
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Although the detrimental effect of emotion on reasoning has been evidenced many times, the cognitive mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In the present paper, we explore the cognitive load hypothesis as a potential explanation. In an experiment, participants solved syllogistic reasoning problems with either neutral or emotional contents. Participants were also presented with a secondary task, for which the difficult version requires the mobilization of cognitive resources to be correctly solved. Participants performed overall worse and took longer on emotional problems than on neutral problems. Performance on the secondary task, in the difficult version, was poorer when participants were reasoning about emotional, compared to neutral contents, consistent with the idea that processing emotion requires more cognitive resources. Taken together, the findings afford evidence that the deleterious effect of emotion on reasoning is mediated by cognitive load.
Validation of the Continuous Tracking Paradigm for Studying Implicit	Motor Learning
Authors: Künzell Stefan , Sießmeir Dominicus , Ewolds Harald
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A continuous pursuit-tracking task is the typical experimental paradigm to investigate implicit motor learning. Implicit motor learning is proven by a greater improvement in tracking of a repeated segment of a target path compared to random segments ( Pew, 1974 ). Recently, doubts about the validity of results obtained with this paradigm have been raised. Improved tracking of a repeated segment might simply be due to the characteristics of that particular segment. In response to these doubts, we seek to improve the continuous tracking task. Therefore, we computed a pool of 37 distinct target segments. Participants (N = 36) practiced the tracking task, each one with a unique repeated segment in the middle and varying outer segments, all taken from the pool of segments. After five practice blocks of 36 trials each, a test block was performed where the repeated middle segment was replaced with a random segment. The tracking performance on the repeated segment was better than on random segments. Furthermore, we assume that learning was implicit, because participants’ answers to a posttest interview showed they were largely unaware of a repeated segment within the curves.
Mark B. Moldwin Receives 2016 Waldo E. Smith Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2017

Mark B. Moldwin received the 2016 Waldo E. Smith Award at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 14 December 2016 in San Francisco, Calif. The award honors an individual for "extraordinary service to geophysics."
Transforming Satellite Data into Weather Forecasts
Authors: Berndt Emily , Molthan Andrew , Vaughan William , Fuell Kevin
Published: January 2017

A NASA project spans the gap between research and operations, introducing new composites of satellite imagery to weather forecasters to prepare for the next generation of satellites.
Genomic repertoire of the Woeseiaceae/JTB255, cosmopolitan and abundant core members of microbial communities in marine sediments
Authors: Mußmann Marc , Pjevac Petra , Krüger Karen , Dyksma Stefan
Published: January 2017

To date, very little is known about the bacterial core community of marine sediments. Here we study the environmental distribution, abundance and ecogenomics of the gammaproteobacterial Woeseiaceae/JTB255 marine benthic group. A meta-analysis of published work shows that the Woeseiaceae/JTB255 are ubiquitous and consistently rank among the most abundant 16S rRNA gene sequences in diverse marine sediments. They account for up to 22% of bacterial amplicons and 6% of total cell counts in European and Australian coastal sediments. The analysis of a single-cell genome, metagenomic bins and the genome of the next cultured relative Woeseia oceani indicated a broad physiological range, including heterotrophy and facultative autotrophy. All tested (meta)genomes encode a truncated denitrification pathway to nitrous oxide. The broad range of energy-yielding metabolisms possibly explains the ubiquity and high abundance of Woeseiaceae/JTB255 in marine sediments, where they carry out diverse, but yet unknown ecological functions.
Structural and mechanistic basis of proton-coupled metal ion transport in the SLC11/NRAMP family
Authors: Ehrnstorfer Ines A. , Manatschal Cristina , Arnold Fabian M. , Laederach Juerg , Dutzler Raimund
Published: January 2017

Secondary active transporters of the SLC11/NRAMP family catalyse the uptake of iron and manganese into cells. These proteins are highly conserved across all kingdoms of life and thus likely share a common transport mechanism. Here we describe the structural and functional properties of the prokaryotic SLC11 transporter EcoDMT. Its crystal structure reveals a previously unknown outward-facing state of the protein family. In proteoliposomes EcoDMT mediates proton-coupled uptake of manganese at low micromolar concentrations. Mutants of residues in the transition-metal ion-binding site severely affect transport, whereas a mutation of a conserved histidine located near this site results in metal ion transport that appears uncoupled to proton transport. Combined with previous results, our study defines the conformational changes underlying transition-metal ion transport in the SLC11 family and it provides molecular insight to its coupling to protons.