bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matters of Fact: Language, Science, and the Status of Truth in Late Colonial Korea
Authors: Hanscom Christopher P.
Published: July 2014

This article addresses the status of the fact in literary and historical discourses in late colonial Korea, focusing on the elaboration of the relationship between scientific and literary truths primarily in the work of philosopher and critic Sŏ Insik (1906–?). It points to a growing tendency in late 1930s and early 1940s Korea to question the veracity of the fact (or of empiricism more broadly) in an environment where the enunciation of the colonial subject had been rendered problematic and objective statements had arguably lost their connection with social reality. In a period when the relationship between signifier and referent had come into question, how did this major critic understand the relationship between science and literature, or between truth and subjectivity? Sŏ warns against a simplistic apprehension of the notion of truth as unilaterally equivalent with what he calls “scientific truth” ( kwahakchŏk chilli )—a nomological truth based on objective observation and confirmation by universal principles—and argues that a necessary complement to apparently objective truth is “literary truth” ( munhakchŏk chinsil ). Against the fixed, conceptual form of scientific thought, literary truth presents itself as an experiential truth that returns to the sensory world of the sociolinguistic subject ( chuch’e ) as a source of credibility.
Stepping into the Newsreel: Melodrama and Mobilization in Colonial Korean Film
Authors: Workman Travis
Published: July 2014

As part of a project on melodrama in Korean film, this article examines the ways that films from the late colonial period (1937–1945) blurred the traditional boundaries between newsreel documentary and fictional features in an attempt to suture the film spectator into the cinematic representation of what Andre Bazin called, in relation to the newsreel, “total history.” Drawing on theoretical discussions of sentimentality and melodrama, the article compares the earlier fictional film to the wartime film Korea in order to trace how melodrama was transformed through its incorporation into political propaganda. It discusses how narrative cinematic techniques such as point of view, shot/reverse shot, and crosscutting allowed Korea Strait to draw the viewer into spectacles of mobilization that were formerly represented through the more anonymous mass medium of the newsreel documentary. The remainder of the article touches on the films and , discussing how the interpretive excess enabled by melodrama remained visible after the hybridization of fictional film and newsreel, primarily through the disjuncture between the films’ melodrama narratives and their spectacles of mobilization. In conclusion, the article suggests that the gradual elimination of any narrative excess in 1940s films reflects an apprehension about the multiple codings, identifications, and interpretations enabled through the combination of melodrama narrative with political propaganda.
Why Didn’t “Gangnam Style” Go Viral in Japan?: Gender Divide and Subcultural Heterogeneity in Contemporary Japan
Authors: Lie John
Published: July 2014

Psy’s “Gangnam Style” was the global pop music and video sensation of 2012, but it failed to go viral in Japan. The involuted nature of the Japanese popular music industry—especially the imperative of indigenization—stunted the song’s dissemination. Simultaneously, the song failed to resonate with its potential base of Japanese K-pop fans, who valorized beauty and romance. In making sense of the Japanese reception of “Gangnam Style,” the author also analyzes the sources of both the Korean Wave and the anti-Korean Wave in Japan.
K-pop in Korea: How the Pop Music Industry Is Changing a Post-Developmental Society
Authors: Oh Ingyu , Lee Hyo-Jung
Published: July 2014

Korean popular songs, or kayo , are evolving from a musical genre created and performed only by Koreans into K-pop, a global musical genre produced and enjoyed by Koreans and those of other nationalities. This new development has revolutionized the perception of the popular music industry in Korea’s post-developmental society, as Korean children dream of becoming K-pop idols rather than entering traditionally esteemed careers in politics, medicine, or academia. The Korean government is also actively promoting Hallyu and K-pop, as though they constitute new export industries that could feed the entire nation in the twenty-first century. While the K-pop revolution has a lot to do with YouTube and other digital means of distributing music on a global scale, Korean television stations are now eager to tap into the booming market by showcasing live K-pop auditions in order to circumvent declining television loyalty among K-pop fans, who prefer watching music videos on YouTube. K-pop in Korea therefore illustrates three important aspects of social change: changes in social perceptions of the popular music industry, massive government support, and television stations actively recruiting new K-pop stars. All three aspects of social change reinforce one another and fuel the aspirations of young Koreans to become the next K-pop idols.
Hallyu across the Desert: K-pop Fandom in Israel and Palestine
Authors: Otmazgin Nissim , Lyan Irina
Published: July 2014

This study examines the role that fan communities in Israel and Palestine play in the transcultural dissemination of Korean popular music, or “K-pop.” Based on in-depth interviews with fans, a survey of K-pop online communities, discourse analysis of online discussions, and participation in K-pop gatherings, this article examines the practice of K-pop, its localization and institutionalization, and its influence on the identities of fans. Special attention is given to the role of K-pop fans as cultural mediators who create necessary bridges between the music industry and local consumers and thus play a decisive role in globalizing cultures. Typically, literature on the globalization of popular culture either utilizes a top-down approach, depicting powerful media industries as making people across the world consume their products, or emphasizes a bottom-up resistance to the imposition of foreign cultures and values. This article suggests that popular culture consumption not only changes the lives of a few individuals but that these individuals may themselves play a decisive role in connecting globalized culture with local fandom.
K-pop Reception and Participatory Fan Culture in Austria
Authors: Sung Sang-Yeon
Published: July 2014

K-pop’s popularity and its participatory fan culture have expanded beyond Asia and become significant in Europe in the past few years. After South Korean pop singer Psy’s “Gangnam Style” music video topped the Austrian chart in October 2012, the number and size of K-pop events in Austria sharply increased, with fans organizing various participatory events, including K-pop auditions, dance festivals, club meetings, quiz competitions, dance workshops, and smaller fan-culture gatherings. In the private sector, longtime fans have transitioned from participants to providers, and in the public sector, from observers to sponsors. Through in-depth interviews with event organizers, sponsors, and fans, this article offers an ethnographic study of the reception of K-pop in Europe that takes into consideration local interactions between fans and Korean sponsors, perspectives on the genre, patterns of social integration, and histories. As a case study, this research stresses the local situatedness of K-pop fan culture by arguing that local private and public sponsors and fans make the reception of K-pop different in each locality. By exploring local scenes of K-pop reception and fan culture, the article demonstrates the rapidly growing consumption of K-pop among Europeans and stresses multidirectional understandings of globalization.
Printshops, Pressmen, and the Poetic Page in Colonial Korea
Authors: De Fremery Wayne
Published: July 2014

By analyzing the way vernacular Korean poetry of the 1920s was produced, this article initiates a study of the sociology of Korean literary production. Based on a survey of forty-five vernacular Korean books of poetry produced between 1921 and 1929, bank records, Japanese colonial government records, and printed interviews, the study describes the people, organizations, and technologies involved in the production of vernacular Korean poetry in the early twentieth century. It suggests that a small number of men in a few printing facilities working within restrained typographic conditions were responsible for printing the extant corpus of Korean vernacular poetry from the 1920s. An overview of the creative ways in which poetry was expressed visually and a discussion of the poem “Pandal” (Half moon), which appears differently in the two originary alternate issues of Kim So-wŏl’s canonical 1925 work Chindallaekkot (Azaleas), make it clear that an understanding of these people and organizations, as well as of the technologies they employed, should inform how we approach texts from this period hermeneutically.
Abuse of Modernity: Japanese Biological Determinism and Identity Management in Colonial Korea
Authors: Caprio Mark
Published: July 2014

Medical researcher Kubo Takeshi’s contributions to professional publications, such as Chōsen igakkai zasshi ( The Korean medical journal ), and more popular magazines, such as Chōsen oyobi Manshū ( Korea and Manchuria ), reflected many of the prejudicial attitudes that Japanese held toward Koreans during the first decade of colonial rule. His scholarship was based on biological determinist thinking, an approach developed by eighteenth-century European medical researchers to establish race, class, and gender hierarchies. For Kubo this approach provided a means for exploiting scientific inquiry to establish and manage Japanese superiority over Korean subjects in a more stable manner than one based on more malleable cultural differences. A people could adjust its customs or mannerisms to amalgamate with a suzerain culture but could not do so with hereditarily determined features, such as blood type or cranium size, shape, or weight. Practitioners, however, often linked the physical with the cultural by arguing that a people’s physical structure was a product of its cultural heritage. The subjectivity injected into this seemingly objective research methodology abused the lay community’s blind trust in modern science in two ways. First, it employed this inquiry to verify biased observations, rather than to uncover new truths; second, it altered the approach, rather than the conclusions, when this inquiry demonstrated the desired truths to be inaccurate. Biological determinism proved useful in substantiating a Japanese-Korean colonial relationship that acknowledged historically similar origins while arguing for the historically different evolutions of the two peoples.
Anti-Catholicism in U.S. History: A Proposal for a New Methodology
Authors: Haden Kyle E.
Published: July 2014

The essay is an examination of a variety of historical approaches to the study of Anti-Catholicism in American history. It explores works representative of the various methodologies used to explain anti-Catholic sensibilities and the discrimination faced by Catholics in the last two and a half centuries. The essay also offers a proposal for a new methodological approach in analyzing anti-Catholicism, using Human Identity Theory as explicated by Vern Neufeld Redekop.
Solidarity and Spirit: The Rough-and-Tumble Faith of Ralph Chaplin
Authors: Christiano Kevin J.
Published: July 2014

Although his life and work are now mostly forgotten, in his day Ralph Chaplin was one of the most important writers, artists, and activists in the movement for the rights of workers in America. Over a tumultuous lifetime, Chaplin was a hero to the working class, an enemy of both the United States government and worldwide Communism, and a literary inspiration for countless readers. Indeed, Chaplin led one of the most remarkable lives of any twentieth-century American, regardless of social origins, economic condition, or political ideology. Noteworthy especially, given the radical experiences of Chaplin’s early years, was his choice, at age sixty-two, to enter the Catholic Church. This essay tells a part of that story.
Father Nelson Baker and the Blessed Virgin Mary: A Lifetime of Devotion
Authors: Gribble Richard
Published: July 2014

Monsignor Nelson Baker (1842–1936), an iconic figure in Western New York through his administration of two institutions that served orphaned boys and an infant home for unwed mothers and their children, found his inspiration for ministry through his devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary. A casual and unscheduled visit to the Church of Our Lady of Victory in Paris, while a member of a pilgrimage to Rome, inaugurated for Baker a lifetime of devotion to Mary under this title. For fifty-four years as superintendent of “The Second Holy City,” in Lackawanna, just south of Buffalo, Baker found his inspiration through Our Lady of Victory. Through his two chief organs, The Annals of Our Lady of Victory and The Victorian , Baker’s ministry in Mary’s name attracted national attention. His crowning achievement, however, was his construction of the Basilica of Our Lady of Victory, chronologically the third church so designated in the United States and today a national shrine. By any standard, Nelson Baker’s (known to history as Father Baker) efforts to minister to those on the margins were significant, but they would not have been possible without the inspiration he received from Mary, Our Lady of Victory.
Finley’s War Years
Authors: Naiden F. S.
Published: July 2014

Finley’s life during and just after World War II, although neglected by biographers and others interested in his career, was a formative period for him. A successful activist for Soviet-solidarity organizations, he learned lessons in public outreach that would affect his teaching and later public activity, and absorbed experiences that found their way into his first well-known book, The World of Odysseus . During this period he changed his name from Finkelstein to Finley, a shift emblematic of his adjustment to a postwar situation that would prove professionally difficult for him, yet intellectually fruitful.
No Poetry From the Past: The Archaeology of Moses Finley’s Ancestral Constitution
Authors: Tompkins Daniel P.
Published: July 2014

Moses I. Finley’s Cambridge Inaugural Lecture, The Ancestral Constitution (1971), contains unexpected and significant traces of Moses Finkelstein’s collaboration with Frankfurt School intellectuals and of his political activity on the American left. Thus, we learn that Max Horkheimer’s analysis of political authority in "Egoism and the Freedom Movement" (1936) influenced The Ancestral Constitution ’s grim portrayal of historical misrepresentation in ancient Athens, seventeenth-century England, and the United States. Equally, the lecture provides glimpses, perhaps unintended, of Finley’s left-wing political activity in the 1930s.
From Frankfurt to Westermann: Forced Labor and the Early Development of Finley’s Thought
Authors: Perry Jonathan S.
Published: July 2014

Finley’s conceptualization of Greco-Roman slavery was developing in the late 1930s, between W. L. Westermann’s traditional notions and the revolutionary ideas advanced by his contacts in the Frankfurt School in Exile. Turning points came in 1936, when he reviewed Westermann’s Realencyclopädie article on slavery, and in 1937, when he was hired to assist Otto Kirchheimer in the production of a monograph on penal history and reform. The resulting book, Punishment and Social Structure , became a classic text of modern criminology, but it also shaped Finley’s ideas concerning the nexus of forced labor, punishment, and the demands of a labor economy.
Outward Seeming: Lancelot’s Prayer and the Healing of Sir Urry in Malory’s Morte Darthur
Authors: Moore J. Cameron
Published: July 2014

Lancelot’s reaction to prayer in the Sir Urry episode of the Morte Darthur differs from his other responses to efficacious prayer, revealing the disjunction between his inward spiritual state and his outward appearance as the greatest knight in the world.
Revolutions and Final Solutions: On Enlightenment and its Dialectic in Mark Twain’s A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
Authors: Hasty Will
Published: July 2014

In Twain’s novel, force and its legitimate uses and the engagement of the Arthurian past with the present—also the central concerns of other important Arthurian narratives—are elaborated in a singular way, consistent with the ‘dialectic of enlightenment’ as understood by Theodor Adorno and Max Horckheimer.
Gender and Jealousy in Gereint uab Erbin and Le Roman de Silence
Authors: Fulton Helen
Published: July 2014

The medieval Welsh prose version of the story of Gereint (Erec) and Enid differs from its cognates in French and German by attributing the motive of jealousy to Gereint as the reason why he decides to test his wife’s devotion. This theme of jealousy draws attention to an uneasiness in the text about Enid’s noble status and the concept of gender. The story of Gereint and Enid, in common with the French Roman de Silence , finds itself demonstrating that both gender and class are constructed through a social performance that must be continually enacted.
Early Modern Readers of the Romance Of Arthour and of Merlin
Authors: Clifton Nicole
Published: July 2014

The five medieval and early modern manuscripts of Arthour and Merlin contain marginal reactions from early modern readers showing that the romance remained popular for some centuries after its composition, although readers focused more on Vortigern and Merlin than on Arthur.
Hearing and Reading Narrative Divisions in the Morte Darthur
Authors: Clark David Eugene
Published: July 2014

The verbal and visual cues that divide the Morte Darthur into sections in the Winchester Manuscript cause listeners and readers to interpret the structure of the narrative differently. Recognizing the conflict between aural and visual reception of the text can help resolve the debate over the manuscript’s organization.
Tough Talk or Tough Love: Lynet and the Construction of Feminine Identity in Thomas Malory’s ‘Tale of Sir Gareth’
Authors: Bovaird-Abbo Kristin
Published: July 2014

Scholarship on Malory’s Lynet tends to focus on her relationship with Gareth, and I argue that while Lynet strives to help nurture her knight in his quest, she also desires to control her own identity—which can only be achieved through the suppression of her name and other identifying features.
Clinical Research before Informed Consent
Authors: Miller Franklin G.
Published: July 2014

Clinical research with patient–subjects was routinely conducted without informed consent for research participation prior to 1966. The aim of this article is to illuminate the moral climate of clinical research at this time, with particular attention to placebo-controlled trials in which patient–subjects often were not informed that they were participating in research or that they might receive a placebo intervention rather than standard medical treatment or an experimental treatment for their condition. An especially valuable window into the thinking of clinical investigators about their relationship with patient–subjects in the era before informed consent is afforded by reflection on two articles published by psychiatric researchers in 1966 and 1967, at the point of transition between clinical research conducted under the guise of medical care and clinical research based on consent following an invitation to participate and disclosure of material information about the study. Historical inquiry relating to the practice of clinical research without informed consent helps to put into perspective the moral progress associated with soliciting consent following disclosure of pertinent information; it also helps to shed light on an important issue in contemporary research ethics: the conditions under which it is ethical to conduct clinical research without informed consent.
The Paradox of Conscientious Objection and the Anemic Concept of ‘Conscience’: Downplaying the Role of Moral Integrity in Health Care
Authors: Giubilini Alberto
Published: July 2014

Conscientious objection in health care is a form of compromise whereby health care practitioners can refuse to take part in safe, legal, and beneficial medical procedures to which they have a moral opposition (for instance abortion). Arguments in defense of conscientious objection in medicine are usually based on the value of respect for the moral integrity of practitioners. I will show that philosophical arguments in defense of conscientious objection based on respect for such moral integrity are extremely weak and, if taken seriously, lead to consequences that we would not (and should not) accept. I then propose that the best philosophical argument that defenders of conscientious objection in medicine can consistently deploy is one that appeals to (some form of) either moral relativism or subjectivism. I suggest that, unless either moral relativism or subjectivism is a valid theory—which is exactly what many defenders of conscientious objection (as well as many others) do not think—the role of moral integrity and conscientious objection in health care should be significantly downplayed and left out of the range of ethically relevant considerations.
Edmund Pellegrino’s Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine: An Overview
Authors: Sulmasy Daniel P.
Published: July 2014

It might seem ironic that the author in this mini-symposium who knew Edmund Pellegrino the best should be the one whose essay is the least personal, eschewing anecdote and reminiscence and concentrating on the substance of his scholarly contribution. I think, however, that for Ed, an exposition of his ideas would be the most fitting tribute one could offer. Accordingly, I will attempt to outline his main ideas and bring together his disparate writings in a constructive manner. I do this firstly because there really is no other such brief exposition of his main ideas anywhere in the bioethics literature. Moreover, Pellegrino himself made no attempt to provide an explicit synthesis of his various writings on various topics, and so I will attempt to make explicit a number of implicit connections. Lastly, inasmuch as bioethics has developed dramatically as a field over the last 40 years, there may be young scholars who are unfamiliar with Pellegrino’s truly seminal work. A brief overview of his body of scholarship might spur them to go to the primary sources. If I succeed in interesting such persons in reading the work of Edmund Pellegrino, or inspire others to look again at that work with fresh eyes, I believe they will be richly rewarded.
Edmund Pellegrino and the Art of Civilized Dialectics
Authors: Dresser Rebecca
Published: July 2014

I had the good fortune to work with Edmund Pellegrino from 2005 until 2009, while he was chairman and I was a member of the President’s Council on Bioethics. We came from different disciplines—medicine and law—and from different generations. Until that point, our paths had rarely crossed. I am so glad that I finally did have an opportunity to get to know him. Pellegrino contributed a great deal to the council during his time as chairman. I cannot begin to cover all that he brought to the council during his four years of leadership. In this essay, I describe how his views of both public bioethics and clinical ethics shaped his council participation.
The Risk-Escalation Model: A Principled Design Strategy for Early-Phase Trials
Authors: Hey Spencer Phillips , Kimmelman Jonathan
Published: July 2014

Should first-in-human trials be designed to maximize the prospect of therapeutic benefit for volunteers, prioritize avoidance of unintended harms, or aim for some happy medium between the two? Perennial controversies surrounding initiation and design of early-phase trials hinge on how this question is resolved. In this paper, we build on the premise that the task of early-phase testing is to optimize various components of a potential therapy so that later, confirmatory trials have the maximal probability of informing drug development and clinical care. We then explore three strategies that investigators might use to manage trial risks while optimizing a therapy, using cell therapy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) as an example. We argue that an iterative application of maximin strategies over successive cohorts and trials, which we call the “risk-escalation model,” establishes a moral principle that should guide decision-making in early-phase trials.
Black Boy No More?: Violence and the Flight from Blackness in Richard Wright’s Native Son
Authors: Matthews Kadeshia L.
Published: July 2014

From Native Son forward, the desire to escape the No-Man's Land of blackness and achieve an apparently unraced manhood is characteristic of Richard Wright's black male protagonists. In his efforts to claim manhood, Bigger Thomas violently rejects black domesticity and the various modes of black identity presented in the novel. Thus, despite his similarities to the colonized subject as described by Frantz Fanon, we should not read Bigger as a model of revolutionary black manhood. And in rejecting blackness, no other identity is available to Bigger besides “nigger,” for manhood in the United States has never been unraced.
Writing Politically: Dorothy Canfield and the “Wrongness of the World”
Authors: Stout Janis P.
Published: July 2014

Unlike her friend Willa Cather, novelist Dorothy Canfield addressed a range of public issues including public education, economic and social inequality, denial of career opportunities to women, racial prejudice, and war. Yet the political element in her fiction has not usually been recognized, even when her educational and humanitarian aims have been. In “Writing Politically,” Janis Stout argues that a number of Canfield's novels, including The Bent Twig (1915), The Brimming Cup (1921), The Home-Maker (1924), Her Son's Wife (1926), The Deepening Stream (1930), Bonfire (1933), and Seasoned Timber (1939), can rightly be labeled political fiction.
Recognition, Political and Interpersonal: Gay Tribalism in Witi Ihimaera’s The Uncle’s Story
Authors: Tan Yanwei
Published: July 2014

New Zealand Māori writer Witi Ihimaera has long used his fiction as commentary on postcolonial politics. In The Uncle's Story (2000), Ihimaera portrays a protagonist who combines an assertion of gay rights with a denunciation of white oppression. As the protagonist engages in a liberatory struggle on behalf of the Māori people and in advocacy of a gay tribe; however, he displays a patriarchal conceptualization of subjective agency that denies the mutuality of respectful intersubjective recognition. This not only causes severe contradictions in himself, but also gives rise to potential difficulties in the organization and practice of community life.
The Sacred and the Secular: Spirituality, Aesthetics, and Politics in Rudyard Kipling’s Kim and Vikram Chandra’s Sacred Games
Authors: Shandilya Krupa
Published: July 2014

This essay argues that Vikram Chandra's spy thriller Sacred Games (2007) rewrites Rudyard Kipling's Kim (1901). Kipling's Kim , as has been widely argued and acknowledged, encompasses the colonial state's demarcation between the passive, spiritual Orient and the rational, secular Occident through the trope of the Great Game. Chandra's text deconstructs this dichotomy by rewriting the sacred into the political through the trope of the “sacred game,” which replaces the Great Game of Kim . Sacred Games ’ rewriting of a canonical colonial text makes it a novel of both post modernism and post modernization .
Nonsense, Ordinary Language Philosophy, and Flann O’Brien’s The Third Policeman
Authors: Attridge John
Published: July 2014

This essay compares Flann O'Brien's literary experiments in nonsense with the contemporary investigation of nonsense being conducted by philosophers at the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford around the same time, under the auspices of what would become known as ordinary language philosophy. The approach to nonsense developed in the 1930s and 1940s by ordinary language philosophers like Ludwig Wittgenstein and J. L. Austin is pertinent to our understanding of O'Brien's literary nonsense, not only for what it reveals about his literary technique, but also for the light it sheds on his cultural historical positioning as a novelist writing in the immediate aftermath of high modernism.
Fear of the Dark: Surrealist Shadows in The Nigger of the “Narcissus”
Authors: Lawtoo Nidesh
Published: July 2014

This article argues that in The Nigger of the ‘Narcissus’ Joseph Conrad gives narrative form to a poetics of darkness that anticipates surrealist concerns with self-dissolution, mimeticism, and loss of identity. Aligning Conrad with Roger Caillois's surrealist account of mimesis, the author argues that Conrad strives to “make [us] see” a fear of the dark that has psychological, philosophical, and narratological implications. This essay furthers a mimetic line of inquiry in modernist studies and argues that Conrad's images of darkness cast shadows that are neither realistic nor impressionistic, but surrealistic instead.
Samuel Beckett’s “Echo’s Bones”: Politics and Entailment in the Irish Free-State
Authors: McNaughton James
Published: July 2014

This essay historicizes Beckett‘s early story “Echo’s Bones” to reveal a rich satire of recent Irish revolutionary history in the context of longer European literary and political traditions. The long-archived story engages with an enlightenment and counter-enlightenment tradition: interested in comically overthrowing societal expectations, coded as rigid sexual mores and abuses, Beckett’s work is also uncertain about the benefits and basis for securing morality, freedom, or fulfillment through revolutionary politics and sexual liberation. Beckett’s story formally models political and historical crises. He targets W. B. Yeats’s Anglo-Irish sympathies and engages James Joyce’s work as well.
Narrative Structures & the Language of the Self by Matthew Clark (review)
Authors: Pardee Sheila
Published: July 2014

Neatly dividing his book into two parts of five chapters each, Clark breaks subjectivity in narrative down by the numbers (reflective singles, doubles, and thirds) in Part One, and then provides a more complex analysis with reference to case grammar in Part Two. To judge his work properly, we should consider the interrelationship, not just appreciate the balance, of the two parts before finding a place for his work within the ongoing study of narrative.
The Fleeting “9/11 Effect” in The Good Life and Lunar Park
Authors: Worthington Marjorie
Published: July 2014

In this sense, novels like The Good Life and Lunar Park reflect in miniature several aspects of the relationship our country has developed to 9/1 1. As devastating and important an event as 9/11 was, the posttraumatic moments of enlightened unity were fleeting and the inspiration to draw upon our nation’s better impulses devolved quickly into short-sighted, even self-destructive, policies.
Then We’ll Jump: Hamlin Garland’s Prodigal Private and the Great Banquet of Joy
Authors: Adams Richmond B.
Published: July 2014

Rooted in a central way that these post-1865 Americans understood themselves, Garland uses the discourse of evangelical Protestantism to first confront the inequities that threatened to overwhelm Smith and his family. Through confronting those inequities, however, Garland uses that same discourse, secondly, to express an alternate form of American possibility.
The Passing of Postmodernism: Spectroanalysis of the Contemporary by Josh Toth (review)
Authors: Mraović-O’Hare Damjana
Published: July 2014

Beloved’s narrative tells us, according to Toth, that the impossibility of social justice, authentic experience, and decision-making should not prevent us from sincerely striving for such things. The narrative also moves, Toth adds, beyond the postmodern imperative to deny the possibility of the specter’s materiality; it “passes on” the specter of postmodernism.
American Visual Culture by Mark Rawlinson (review)
Authors: Bissonette Devan
Published: July 2014

Reconsidering material once offered as proof positive of America’s exceptional qualities as a sign of its constructedness, American Visual Culture successfully reveals the confusing and often contradictory foundation of American identity while forcing scholars of all disciplines to reevaluate how they read their sources. Along the way Rawlinson does visual culture studies an important service, using familiar theoretical approaches from a potpourri of other disciplines to present new interpretations of familiar images from American history. The result is an introductory text that establishes the potential, if not the necessity, of visual culture to the future development of all disciplines.
The Gothic as Semiotic Disruption: Layers and Levels of Terror and the Abject in Mary Wilkins Freeman’s “The Wind in the Rose-bush”
Authors: Diederich Nicole A.
Published: July 2014

The rebellious Gothic supernatural leads to the abject horror of Freeman’s tale as it depicts the maternal as a space of contradictions, of abjections, of “aggressivity and death.” The Radcliffean Gothic results in the heroine fearing other humans. The Gothic elements in Freeman’s tale unmask the terror that one must fear the mother.
Principes Linguistiques en Pédagogie des Langues. Un Traité de Linguistique Appliquée by Moshé Starets (review)
Authors: Ragone Agnès
Published: July 2014

Starets’ work, which also includes a focus on specific linguistic difficulties such as aspect, mood, prepositions and word order, is an excellent review of a fair number of theories and approaches, whose usefulness and applications he sums up in his last chapter in eleven short conclusions. While at times repetitive in regards to contextualization and culture, the book is nonetheless valuable in its clear presentation of influential linguistic principles spanning over a hundred years.
The Cambridge Introduction to William Faulkner by Theresa M. Towner (review)
Authors: Smith-Riel Alisa M.
Published: July 2014

This text serves as a guide for a wide audience as the readership and appreciation of Faulkner’s work continues to expand beyond the literary classroom. Furthermore, she intends for readers to experience and gain understanding of not only Faulkner’s well-known, most canonical works, but also his lesser known works in an effort to expand Faulkner appreciation beyond the walls of academia.
A Theater of Terror: Staging the Encounter in Sahagún’s 1585 Revision of Book XII of the Historia general de las cosas de la Nueva España
Authors: Kauffmann Leisa
Published: July 2014

The symbolic richness of the revised episode, as I have suggested, transcends this supposed intent to glorify the actions of Cortés and put the narrative more in line with other Franciscan historiography of the period. instead of smart and sophisticated, Cortés and the Spaniards come across as rather ridiculous and ignorant operators in an unfamiliar world.
Thinking Poetics: Essays on George Oppen ed. by Steve Shoemaker (review)
Authors: Beard Jessica
Published: July 2014

The volume takes shape with essays that look at the literal material layering of text in his manuscripts as well as the philosophical and historical layering of image and object that unfold and cycle through each long poem. The reader is presented with multiple examinations of how each poem enacts a phenomenology, ontology and ethics via the various things, historical particulars, and unattributed quotations that construct the poems.
A Companion to Romantic Poetry ed. by Charles Mahoney (review)
Authors: Mangiavellano Daniel R.
Published: July 2014

Romanticists, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students will find in Mahoney’s A Companion engaging and challenging conversations about Romantic form and genre. At the end of each essay, a “See Also” section cross-references essays with one another across the four different Parts. These essays, like the poets they address, engage in broader conversations with one another.
The Violent Seductress: Using the HIV-Infected Female Body as Retribution in Ana Solari’s “Luna negra de noviembre”
Authors: Parys Jodie
Published: July 2014

This article discusses the manner in which Solari depicts this cycle of seduction and revenge, and also analyzes the portrayal of a female in the role of dominator, avenger, and victimizer, showing how this representation is significant, particularly in light of the conceptualization of women within the cultural narrative of the AIDS epidemic and its transmission.
Field o’ My Dreams: The Poetry of Gene Stratton-Porter ed. by Mary DeJong Obuchowski (review)
Authors: Cummins Amy
Published: July 2014

Gene Stratton-Porter’s prose, poetry, and naturalist work offer material for scholars of environmental studies, children’s and adolescent literature, and American popular literature. Critics must commend kent State University Press for making Stratton-Porter’s poetry available as her novels have always been; this literature will continue to find new readers.
Combating Ecological Terror: Ken Saro-Wiwa’s Genocide in Nigeria
Authors: Uraizee Joya
Published: July 2014

Besides creating a language of terror and suffering, Saro-wiwa uses these rhetorical strategies to construct his main argument: that oil drilling is devastating. The results are a compelling call for action from his international readers and an indictment of an unjust and inhumane Nigerian sociopolitical system.
Literature, Analytically Speaking: Explorations in the Theory of Interpretation, Analytic Aesthetics, and Evolution by Peter Swirski (review)
Authors: Landry Travis
Published: July 2014

When “speaking analytically” about literature in Literature, Analytically Speaking , Peter Swirski tells a story of the wayward caprices of literary criticism past and present. His gripe is with what he sees as a pervasive disregard for the common sense truth that context matters. in particular, he seeks to underscore that the ontological status of literature cannot be understood absent consideration of authorial intentions. This enterprise is corrective in nature and entails a lengthy refutation over the first two chapters of all “poststructuralist,” purely text-based approaches to interpretation.
Camfranglais—The Making of a New Language in Fouda’s Je parle camerounais and Fonkou’s Moi taximan
Authors: Vakunta Peter Wuteh
Published: July 2014

This study sheds ample light on the various tropes used by Cameroonian writers in an attempt to imprint their fictional writing with the thought patterns and modes of speech of Cameroonians. Cameroonian Francophone writers appropriate the French language by having recourse to rhetorical devices and tropes that transgress the canons of standard French. The reason for resorting to linguistic indigenization goes beyond the mere urge to jettison the writing canons imposed on them by colonial masters.
The Communist Tragedy
Authors: Bruckner Pascal
Published: July 2014

In two already classic works, Margarete Buber-Neumann, a German communist who took refuge in Moscow after Hitler’s victory, tells how she was deported to Siberia by Stalin, then handed over as a Jew to the Gestapo by the NKVD in 1940, and held prisoner at Ravensbruck. Upon her liberation from the camp in 1945, she recounts how she wandered around a devastated Germany and more particularly how she met up with French communists to whom she explained her double imprisonment. Their reaction was one of astonishment and then outright hostility and almost panic. What, there was collusion between the Little Father of the peoples and the Fürher, between the liberator of Man and the enemy of men? Between one system and the other there was just a difference of degree, not of nature? This was impossible. Had she herself not been manipulated by a fifth German column without knowing it? How could the doctrine of emancipation, Marxism-Leninism, turn into the doctrine of oppression? This exchange says it all. Communism is remarkable in that it was criminal out of love for humanity. Which makes it the modern heresy of a certain Christianity and allows us to see in magnified form the flaws of the former. Marxist powers persecuted, and with great ferocity, Christians of all persuasions—Protestants, Catholics, Orthodox—but they took their principal concepts from that faith. What is the working class if not the redemptive class par excellence , the class that, being nothing, becomes everything? Marxist theoreticians envisioned future society as the earthly fulfillment of the scriptures. Rosa Luxemburg took her cue from the Church Fathers and saw in the communist dream the secular religion of the downtrodden. Che Guevara himself appears in his iconography as a modern reincarnation of Christ when he was known for his cruelty during the Castro revolution. In addition, both systems require a fundamentalist adherence that leaves no critical space in one’s consciousness. "Outside the Church, no salvation," said the Council of Trent in 1545, during the Counter-Reformation. Likewise, the various communist parties would not have words harsh enough to criticize reformist parties (social democratic ones or others) guilty of not wanting to be subsumed in them.
Reconfiguring Identities in the Word and in the World: Naming Marginalized Subjects and Articulating Marginal Narratives in Early Canonical Works by Gertrude Stein
Authors: Goodspeed-Chadwick Julie
Published: July 2014

This article offers close readings and feminist interpretations of Stein’s canonical prose and poetry and explores the significance of Stein’s technique of naming and claiming in the realm of identity politics. In attempting to dismantle a Western Cartesian mindset in the mappings of names, identities, and concepts in her work, Gertrude Stein creates a literary landscape that turns on a spectrum of names and associations that encourage us to grapple with how we understand names as stable markers of identifications, even though they signify identities that are always in flux, in terms of language and representation and in terms of changing entities in the real world. A hallmark of Stein’s style in her experimental works is her insistent use of repetition and her concentration on naming and renaming. Her difficult approach to identifying, describing, and detailing people and concepts forces us to adopt new strategies for reading and interpreting her work. In effect, her ability to name and rename causes us to perceive the world in different ways, and this agenda carries with it socio-cultural and historical implications that have impacted the public imagination at large. In Stein’s canonical pieces that employ repetition as a way of (re)naming and that dismantle, recycle, and repurpose names in startling ways, we see her engaged in constructing female identities, lesbian desire, and domestic space in pieces like "Miss Furr and Miss Skeene" (composed in 1908 or thereabouts and published in 1922) and Tender Buttons (composed in 1912 and published in 1914).
We Have a Situation Here: Coming After May 1968 With Olivier Assayas
Authors: Reid Donald
Published: July 2014

Olivier Assayas’ ‘Something in the Air’ is a richly evocative film that draws on his own experiences to present the radical trajectories of youth in France whose engagement dates from the years immediately following May 1968. This essay explores the relation between Assayas’ background and his experience of radical change and in particular his exposure to the cinema of commitment in the 1968 years and his embrace of situationist thought which he presents in the film. Assayas is not a contemporary radical saying what was then could be now. On the contrary, he wants to capture the years of his youth in such a way as to say "that’s history," not just for him but for the youth of today as well.
Not Forever Blasted: The Redemption of Virtue in The Female Marine
Authors: Walden Dan
Published: July 2014

This essay examines popular assumptions about marriage and expectations of virtue in the early American republic through the lens of the popular nineteenth-century female warrior narrative, The Female Marine . This anonymous tale of a young girl’s unwed pregnancy, descent in to prostitution, adventures as a cross-dressing sailor, eventual return to home and marriage, has often been cited as a radical departure from the conventional woman-warrior trope that challenges the gender-based limitations of early American citizenship. In contrast to this reading, this essay argues that The Female Marine ultimately reaffirms rather than challenges traditional gender roles, using the theory behind the matrimonial concept of coverture to normalize the protagonist’s transvestism as a symbolic marriage that uses a masculine identity to rehabilitate her defiled feminine identity. Though transvestism seems subversive on the surface, this identity eventually gives way to and is replaced by traditional marriage wherein the protagonists identity remains covered by her husband’s and allows her to return to the gender-determined domestic sphere. Ultimately, rather than being a narrative of the assertion of female identity and agency, The Female Marine reaffirms the social belief in the ability of masculine identity not only to dominate but to save and rehabilitate the feminine.
“The Bigger the Lie, the More They Believe”: Cinematic Realism and the Anxiety of Representation in David Simon’s The Wire
Authors: Wilson Galen
Published: July 2014

While a great deal of scholarship has been done on the use of realism in The Wire , most work has focused upon the nineteenth-century novel’s influence on the series, ignoring the influence of cinematic modes of realism. In this article I examine the ways in which the television series The Wire is influenced by various modes of cinematic realism, such as Italian Neorealism and the Third Cinema movement. It is my contention that by analyzing The Wire through its connection with realist cinema that we will be better able to understand the series’ complicated relationship with the representation of marginalized classes; while the series strives for realism both in its narrative and its aesthetic style in order to accurately represent the social totality of a depressed Rust Belt city, the series also illustrates concern that such modes of representation may be appropriated as a product of entertainment for the privileged classes rather than as a critical examination of complex institutional problems. Specifically, I argue that The Wire adopts a self-reflexive, occasionally antagonistic stance towards its audience in order to train a critical, active viewer rather than a passive spectator.
Lady Anne Clifford’s Common-Law Mind
Authors: Elsky Stephanie
Published: July 2014

This article argues that Lady Anne Clifford’s 1616–1619 diaries, which chronicle not only her lawsuit to inherit her family lands and titles but also her daily practices, form part of Clifford’s lifelong obsession with legal and extralegal ways of establishing herself as a landowner. While her records of frequent walking and praying “abroad,” or outdoors, and of her prodigious reading may seem distinct from her famous lawsuit, they possess a genealogical significance that signals her profound connection to her property. Clifford’s archives reveal her extensive knowledge of English common law, the legal system that backed her claims. Her enduring engagement with English common law influences the generic form of the diaries, with their repetitive documentation of her land-based practices. Just as common law garnered authority and meaning through its status as “custom,” Clifford’s diaries express the hope that her own customs would one day obtain the force of law. In this way, Clifford’s diaries evince a unique instance of what J. G. A. Pocock has called “the common-law mind.”