bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONTRIBUTE OF GEOMATICS FOR MONITORING THE GREAT LANDSLIDE OF MAIERATO, ITALY
Authors: Artese G. , Perrelli M. , Artese S. , Manieri F. , Principato F.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. In the framework of the activities aimed to acquire knowledge and to monitor landslides, an important role is played by geomatics. Topographic surveying is generally used to describe the external surface, to measure the displacements of selected points and to evaluate morphological evolutions. Monitoring is generally extended to the structures located near the crown and the ridges of the landslide. In case of great landslides, a large number of activities (geological, geotechnical, etc...) is performed, and the need to coordinate all of the studies is felt. Presently, the topographic monitoring of some great landslides is in progress in Calabria, performed by the Geomatics Lab of the University of Calabria, Civil Engineering Dept. The paper deals with the support given by geomatics for monitoring operations of a large landslide, filmed in real time. It affects an entire hill at the edge of the city of Maierato, southern Italy, whose main access road has been bisected. To understand the event, the geophysical and geotechnical methods of investigation have been integrated with geomatic methods. The geophysical and geotechnical measurements in the area were performed by using inclinometers, seismic testing and tomography; some piezometers have been also installed. The geomatic methods used are: GNSS surveys, laser scanner, digital photogrammetry, total station (continuously operating). GNSS receivers were used in static mode for the reference points. Kinematic and RTK surveys have been performed to obtain the cross sections, useful to correctly interpret the tomography. Laser scanner has been used to obtain a 3D model of the area and to evaluate the volume of the landslide. The total station controls and transmits continuously the position of 20 points. The design of the control network and the data acquired during the first periodare discussed, with a peculiar attention to the influence of the atmospheric parameters. The first months of monitoring show, on the one hand, an excellent repeatability of the measures, on the other, they confirm what has been obtained with other punctual techniques (inclinometers, etc...) and areal surveys. The integration of the investigations and their results will allow the development of a model of the landslide, also useful for the early warning.
Does social media users’ commenting behavior differ by their local community tie? A computer–assisted linguistic analysis approach
Authors: Xu Weiai Wayne , Li Liangyue , Stefanone Michael A. , Fu Yun
Published: January 2014

This study is an exploratory attempt to use automatic linguistic analysis for understanding social media users’ news commenting behavior. The study addresses geographically–based dynamics in human–computer interaction, namely, users’ tie to a geographic community. Specifically, the study reveals that commenting behavior differs between users of different levels of local community tie. Comments by local users, those with higher level of local community tie, exhibit different linguistic patterns in comparison to national users who are less involved in local community. The linguistic differences are reflected in the use of pronouns, personal pronouns, social words, swear words, anxiety words and anger words. We argue that identification of the difference is crucial in the practice of mining social media conversations for public opinion.
KINETIC MODEL FOR THERMAL DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF CHLORINATED NATURAL RUBBER WITH DIFFERENT CHLORINE CONTENT
Authors: Chen Jing , He Lanzhen , Chen Yasheng , Zhong Jieping , He Canzhong , Kong Linxue
Published: January 2014

A novel model for calculating dehydrochlorination kinetics at a lower temperature of chlorinated natural rubber (CNR) is presented. It has been observed that dehydrochlorination is complex and involves three different stages. A model that accounts for dehydrochlorination at lower temperature is proposed. The kinetic parameters are obtained from dehydrochlorination experiments at 60–90 °C. The results of the kinetic calculation show that the apparent activation energy decreases with an increment of chlorine content. Higher chlorine content CNR makes it easier to remove hydrochloric acid when heated, but its dehydrochlorination rate affected by temperature is significantly less than that of the sample with a lower chlorine content. The thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetry results show that the beginning temperature of thermo-oxidative degradation rises with the increment of chlorine content. During the heating process, the higher chlorine content CNR is more stable than the lower one. The results suggest the storage conditions and basis for selection of appropriate temperature for the preparation of CNR from latex.
Le difficile renouvellement des métiers de la sécurité publique. Le cas des correspondants de nuit parisiens
Authors: de Maillard1 Jacques
Published: January 2014

De nouveaux métiers, à la charnière entre accompagnement des personnes, médiation et répression, ont émergé depuis une vingtaine d’années. Ces nouveaux métiers contribuent à rendre plus floue la frontière entre police et contrôle social. La question consiste alors à savoir si ces nouveaux agents contribuent effectivement à réguler les espaces collectifs, c’est-à-dire à prévenir les nuisances, à régler les conflits, voire à favoriser des formes de vivre-ensemble. Sur la base d’une étude du dispositif des correspondants de nuit de la Ville de Paris, cet article s’interroge sur la place qu’occupent ces acteurs à partir des savoirs et savoir-faire qu’ils sont capables de mobiliser, de leur inscription dans les quartiers et de leur insertion dans les partenariats. Il met en question les ambivalences, paradoxes, fragilités de ces nouveaux métiers et le difficile renouvellement des métiers de la sécurité publique.
Envers un repertori conceptual de la poesia de Narcís Vinyoles
Authors: Cuenca Almenar Salvador
Published: January 2014

Resum: L’obra lírica de Narcís Vinyoles es pot caracteritzar pel sincretisme formal i temàtic, típic de la València del pas del segle XV al XVI, un espai eclèctic on s’unien influències diverses. En aquest espai receptor Vinyoles construí la seua obra amb tres llengües: català, castellà i italià, i amb inspiracions temàtiques divergents. Des del punt de vista temàtic, un dels elements barrejats pel poeta valencià fou el filosoficoconceptual. En aquest treball detectaré els conceptes i, sense explicarlos en profunditat, explicitaré l’ús que en fa el poeta valencià. Dividiré el repertori conceptual en cinc apartats, segons la disciplina a la qual pertanguen: epistemologia, filosofia de la natura,metafísica, filosofia moral i teologia.Paraules clau: Narcís Vinyoles; història conceptual; poesia i filosofiaAbstract: Narcís Vinyoles’s poetry can be depicted by its formal and thematic syncretism, representative of Valencia at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries, an eclectic city where diverse influences inextricably merged. In this receiving place Vinyoles built up his works with three languages, namely, Catalan, Castilian and Italian, and with different thematic inspirations. Thematically speaking, philosophical concepts are one of the elements mingled by the Valencian poet. In this paper I will only detect these concepts and specify the use made by Vinyoles without the explanation. The repertoire will be divided in five parts, according to the discipline to which concepts belong: epistemology, philosophy of nature, metaphysics, moral philosophy and theology.Keywords: Narcís Vinyoles, Conceptual History, Poetry and Philosophy
Sobre la presència de Boccaccio en el Curial e Güelfa: la novella X.8
Authors: Gros Lladós Sònia
Published: January 2014

Resum: Les darreres investigacions sobre la novel·la cavalleresca catalana Curial e Güelfa subratllen de forma unànime la qualitat literària de l’obra i la riquesa de la cultura literària del seu autor, en especial en relació als autors clàssics i italians. Entre els italians, nombrosos estudiosos han remarcat el paper cabdal de Boccaccio, i en particular del Decameron, com a model d’escriptura i com a intermediari de la tradició clàssica, per a l’autor anònim català. En aquest treball oferim una mostra de la presència de la novella X.8 en el text català, tot resseguint ambdues narracions, i observant l’encaix en el nou context narratiu que duu a terme l’autor anònim del Curial. Això ens permet, a més, valorar la relació de la novel·la cavalleresca i la traducció catalana del Decameron de 1429.Paraules clau: Curial e Güelfa, Boccaccio, Decameron, novella X.8Abstract: The latest research on the Catalan chivalric novel Curial e Güelfa has highlighted unanimously the literary quality of the work and the richness of the literary culture of its author, in particular in relation to the classical and Italian writers. Among the Italians, many scholars have stressed the crucial role of Boccaccio, and in particular of the Decameron, as a literary model and as an intermediary in the classical tradition, for the anonymous Catalan author. In this work we offer a view of the presence of the novella X.8 in the Catalan text, following both narratives, and observing the fitting in the new narrative context that carries out the anonymous author of Curial. Besides, this allows us to appreciate the relationship of the chivalric novel and the Catalan translation of the Decameron of 1429.Keywords: Curial e Gu?elfa, Boccaccio, Decameron, novella X.8
La Llegenda del cor menjat al Decameró de Boccaccio: Estratègies de traducció al català
Authors: Campmany Tarrés Maribel
Published: January 2014

Resum: El grau d’intervenció del traductor determina l’acostament del text al lector. Amb la comparació de les quatre traduccions catalanes de La llegenda del cor menjat, el conte novè de la quarta jornada del Decameró de Giovanni Boccaccio, es pot comprovar que cada traductor utilitza estratègies diferents per mirar de resoldre un mateix problema de traducció. A més del bagatge cultural i la subjectivitat de cada un d’ells, cal tenir en compte un seguit de factors (temporals, històrics, referencials, lingu?ístics, socials, etc.) que determinen el resultat final.Paraules clau: llegenda; cor; menjat; Decameró; Boccaccio; estratègia de traduccióAbstract: The extent to which translators intervene in a text determines its approach to the reader. By comparing the four Catalan translations of The Legend of the Eaten Heart, the ninth tale of the fourth day of The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio, you can see that each translator uses different strategies to tackle the same translation problem. Besides each translator’s cultural background and subjectivity, one must take into account several factors (time, history, reference, language, society, etc.), which might also affect the outcome.Keywords: legend; heart; eaten; Decameron; Boccaccio; strategy; translation
Curial e Güelfa i Boccaccio: influències lingüístiques
Authors: Calvo Rigual Cesáreo
Published: January 2014

Resum: La crítica ha trobat al Curial e Güelfa petges molt evidents d’influència de la literatura italiana, i en particular de Boccaccio. Tanmateix no ha estat estudiada una altra influència italiana, la purament lingu?ística. Un estudi detingut del Curial ha permés identificar a l’obra nombrosos elements que mostren la seua origen italiana. Molts d’aquests elements es troben presents a les obres de Boccaccio, concretament en el Decameron. Per cada element identificat al Curial s’ofereixen exemples de les obres de Boccaccio.Paraules clau: Curial e Güelfa; Boccaccio; italianismes; influència; catalàAbstract: Several scholars have found in Curial e Güelfa very clear traces of influence of Italian literature, and in particular of Boccaccio. Therefore, no other Italian influence, the purely linguistic one, has not been studied. A detailed study of the Curial has identified many elements that show their italian origin. Many of these elements are present in the works of Boccaccio, specifically in the Decameron. For each item identified in Curial, we provide some examples from the works of Boccaccio.Keywords: Curial e Güelfa; Boccaccio; italianisms; influence; Catalan
L’estil i la llengua de Miquel Ortigues al Cançoner sagrat de vides de sants
Authors: Barceló i Trigueros Sergi
Published: January 2014

Resum: El Cançoner sagrat de vides de sants és un dels millors exponents del gènere literari dels goigs a la literatura catalana entre els segles XV i XVI. Es tracta d’un manuscrit autògraf que recull 59 composicions, la majoria d’elles hagiogràfiques, de caire devot i contemplatiu on Miquel Ortigues, l’autor, deixa anar un estil assaonat de la tradició del gènere així com un regust de reiteració de rimes i construccions ben identificable. En aquest article s’intenta demostrar que l’estil dels goigs d’Ortigues no es deu a les limitacions personals de l’autor, sinó que és deutor de la tradició lírica religiosa de la que participen els escriptors amb més anomenada del segle d’or valencià.Paraules clau: Cançoner sagrat, hagiografia, goigs, Miquel Ortigues, poesiaAbstract: The Cançoner sagrat de vides de sants is one of the greatest examples of the literary genre of goigs in Catalan literature between 15th and 16th centuries. It is an autograph manuscript which contains 59 devotional and contemplative hagiographic compositions. Miquel Ortigues, his author, shows the typical style of the tradition of this genre as well as an aftertaste of rhymes reiteration and personal constructions. This article is an attempt to demonstrate that Ortigues goigs style is not due to personal limitations, but he is debtor to the religious lyric tradition used by the most famous authors of Valencian gold century.Keywords: Cançoner sagrat, hagiography, goigs, Miquel Ortigues, poetry
Il vaso e i cocci Note in margine a La llegenda del llibreter assassí de Barcelona
Authors: De Cristofaro Francesco
Published: January 2014

Riassunto: Il contributo discute alcune questioni legate, in modo più o meno tangenziale, a La llegenda del llibreter assassí de Barcelona: dopo aver sottoposto il libro di Ramon Miquel i Planas alle domande, di metodo e di merito, presenti in un affine e più recente “giallo filologico” (il saggio di Alberto Varvaro sulla vicenda della baronessa di Carini), e dopo essersi interrogato circa il filone paraletterario delle cosiddette “Cause celebri” e circa una declinazione naturalista e straniante della letteratura processuale (il dittico di Galdós Realidad-Incógnita), il discorso si sposta su di un aspetto più prettamente storico-culturale e tematico quale l’intreccio fra bibliomania e cleptomania (soprattutto in Flaubert). L’articolo si conclude con una rapida ricognizione dei plagi letterari realizzati da Nodier, il presunto colpevole del falso da cui si diparte tutta la genealogia indagata da Miquel i Planas: un colpevole che, proprio mentre si macchia di molteplici crimini letterari, dedica loro un sofisticato trattato giurisprudenziale, in cui sistematizza e stigmatizza quegli stessi crimini. Parole chiave: filologia; paraletteratura; processo; bibliomania; plagio Abstract: This essay seeks to investigate tangentially some questions regarding La llegenda del llibreter assassí de Barcelona: after having analyzed the approaches, methods and strategies –that Alberto Varvaro has thoroughly examined in the essay on Baroness di Carini’s story–, and the literary quality achieved by Ramon Miquel i Planas in his work; and after having probed the paraliterary line of the so-called “famous trials” –mostly focusing on the naturalistic estrangement effect produced by literature works related to legal cases (e.g. the conventional diptych in Galdós’s Realidad-Incógnita)–, the centre of attention shifts on the cultural, historical aspects of the bizarre relationship between kleptomania and bibliomania (especially in Flaubert). The article concludes with a swift overview of literary plagiarisms committed by Nodier, the presumed culprit of the forgery, from which the genealogy investigated by Miquel i Planas builds up: a culprit that, while committing several literary crimes, decides to write a jurisprudential treaty in order to systematize and sentence them. Keywords: philology; paraliterature; process; bibliomania; plagiarism
Ressenya a Antoni Mas i Forners, Esclaus i catalans. Esclavitud i segregació a Mallorca durant els segles XIV i XV. Palma,Lleonard Muntaner, 2005
Authors: Baydal Sala Vicent
Published: January 2014

Ressenya a Antoni Mas i Forners, Esclaus i catalans. Esclavitud i segregació a Mallorca durant els segles XIV i XV, Palma, Lleonard Muntaner, 2005, 184 pp. ISBN 978-84-96242-48-7
Ressenya a Antonio Cortijo & Vicent Martines (eds.): Multilingual Joan Roís de Corella. The Relevance of a Fifteenth-Century Classic of the Crown of Aragon / Joan Roís de Corella multilingüe. La importància d’un clàssic de la Corona d’Aragó del segle XV.
Authors: Fuertes Zapata Joan Vicent
Published: January 2014

Ressenya a Antonio Cortijo & Vicent Martines (eds.): Multilingual Joan Roís de Corella. The Relevance of a Fifteenth-Century Classic of the Crown of Aragon / Joan Roís de Corella multilingüe. La importància d’un clàssic de la Corona d’Aragó del segle XV. Santa Bárbara, Publications of eHumanista, 220 pp. ISBN: 78-607-95570-9-6
Ressenya a Josep-Antoni Ysern i Lagarda & Júlia Butinyà Jiménez (coord.) Adentrándonos en la literatura catalana. Edad Media, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, 2013
Authors: Martínez Mayor Carlos
Published: January 2014

Ressenya a  Josep-Antoni Ysern i Lagarda, & Júlia Butinyà Jiménez (coord.) Adentrándonos en la literatura catalana. Edad Media, Madrid, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. 2013, 392 pp. ISBN 978-84-362-6576-7
Ressenya a Josep Enric Estrela, Escriptors i literatura al Calendari llemosí (1874-1883).València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2013
Authors: Perpinyà Puig Albert
Published: January 2014

Ressenya a Josep Enric Estrela, Escriptors i literatura al Calendari llemosí (1874-1883). València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2013, 224 pp. ISBN 978-8478-226306
The emerging neurobiology of calorie addiction
Authors: García-Cáceres Cristina , Tschöp Matthias H
Published: January 2014

The response of the brain to sugar is determined by specific cell populations in the brain, including neurons that secrete melanin-concentrating hormone, and culminates in the release of dopamine.
Octave spanning coherent supercontinuum generation using 51 fs high-power ultrashort pulse from Er-doped similariton amplifier
Authors: Nozaki Yuto , Nomura Yoshitaka , Aramaki Mitsutoshi , Nishizawa Norihiko
Published: January 2014

A 51 fs, 4.4 nJ, almost-pedestal-free, high-power ultrashort pulse was generated using an Er-doped similariton amplifier. Using the generated ultrashort pulse, high-power, octave-spanning coherent supercontinua broadened from 1.05 to 2.15 and 0.95 to 2.3 µm were generated in highly nonlinear fibers. The characteristics of the similariton amplifier were investigated experimentally.
Full‐wave effects on shear wave splitting
Authors: Lin Yu‐Pin , Zhao Li , Hung Shu‐Huei
Published: January 2014

Seismic anisotropy in the mantle plays an important role in our understanding of the Earth's internal dynamics, and shear wave splitting has always been a key observable in the investigation of seismic anisotropy. To date the interpretation of shear wave splitting in terms of anisotropy has been largely based on ray‐theoretical modeling of a single vertically incident plane SKS or SKKS wave. In this study, we use sensitivity kernels of shear wave splitting to anisotropic parameters calculated by the normal‐mode theory to demonstrate that the interference of SKS with other phases of similar arrival times, near‐field effect, and multiple reflections in the crust lead to significant variations of SKS splitting with epicentral distance. The full‐wave kernels not only widen the possibilities in the source‐receiver geometry in making shear wave splitting measurements but also provide the capability for tomographic inversion to resolve vertical and lateral variations in the anisotropic structures.
Asymmetric responses of land hydroclimatology to two types of El Niño in the Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Liang Yu‐Chiao , Lo Min‐Hui , Yu Jin‐Yi
Published: January 2014

El Niño events play important roles in influencing the hydroclimatology over the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). This study shows that the two types of El Niño events, the central Pacific (CP) El Niño and eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, have opposite effects on spring soil water hydrology in the MRB. Above‐normal spring (March) precipitation during EP El Niño years leads to higher soil water levels during the subsequent 2 to 3 months in the central and western MRB. On the other hand, CP El Niño events induce below‐normal spring precipitation that causes lower soil water levels over the Ohio‐Mississippi Valley during the following 1 or 2 months. As a result, a springtime asymmetric response occurs in the MRB streamflow and soil water storage to the two types of El Niño. Subsurface hydrological storage processes are found to be essential to extend El Niño's influence in the MRB to late spring.
Simulations of the effects of vertical transport on the thermosphere and ionosphere using two coupled models
Authors: Siskind D. E. , Drob D. P. , Dymond K. F. , McCormack J. P.
Published: January 2014

We have explored the sensitivity of the thermosphere and ionosphere to dynamical forcing from altitudes near the mesopause (~95 km). We performed five simulations, all for the year 2009, with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)/Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). Two simulations were driven with the NCAR Global Scale Wind Model, and three used output from the Advanced Level Physics High Altitude (ALPHA) version of the Navy's Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). Use of NOGAPS‐ALPHA allows for realistic meteorological variability from the lower atmosphere to propagate up into the TIEGCM, including a rich spectrum of nonmigrating tides. We find that the additional vertical transport from these tides causes a significant reduction in the calculated peak electron density of the ionospheric F2 layer (NmF2). The mechanism for this effect is the enhanced downward transport of atomic oxygen to the base of the thermosphere. In turn, this yields a greater relative abundance of N2 and hence enhanced recombination of ions and electrons. To get improved agreement with observed electron densities, we must reduce (Kzz) by a factor of 5. However, even with lower Kzz, our calculation still underestimates the NmF2 compared with radio occultation observations by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate satellite system. This underestimate of NmF2 may be linked to an overestimate of the nonmigrating tides in the coupled TIEGCM‐NOGAPS calculations or to uncertainties in the bottom boundary for atomic oxygen in the TIEGCM.
Transonic gliding edge dislocations/slip pulse near and on an interface/fault
Authors: Weertman Johannes
Published: January 2014

Three problems are solved in this paper that are related to transonic earthquakes. (1) The shear shock Mach wave emanating from a transonic gliding edge dislocation which impacts an interface. (2) A transonic edge dislocation gliding parallel and near to an interface. (3) The transonic edge dislocation gliding on the interface itself. The dislocation is in uniform or quasi‐uniform motion. The interface separates isotropic elastic material of slightly different properties. The first and last problems are essentially the same. The problems are solved with the building blocks of Mach waves, with logarithmic and arctan distributions of infinitesimal shock waves and with subsonic (with respect to longitudinal wave velocities) glide edge and climb edge dislocations. The need for the smeared infinitesimal shock wave distributions is an interesting feature of the solutions. Distributions of infinitesimal smeared Mach waves will exist wherever physical discontinuities exist near a transonic dislocation. A slip pulse of infinitesimal moving edge dislocations can be self sharpening because of attractive forces between like sign dislocations in certain velocity ranges.
A methodology for the validation of temperature profiles from hyperspectral infrared sounders using GPS radio occultation: Experience with AIRS and COSMIC
Authors: Feltz Michelle L. , Knuteson Robert O. , Revercomb Henry E. , Tobin David C.
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a methodology for the validation of vertical temperature profile retrievals from infrared and microwave sounders by intercomparison with Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) profiles matched in time and space. GPS RO provides an estimate of atmospheric temperature with a traceable path to absolute standards and well‐characterized structural uncertainty. While the radiosonde network is a longstanding validation reference for sounder temperature profile retrievals, GPS RO has the advantage of homogeneous global coverage that is unbiased toward land or ocean and has the potential of high absolute accuracy in the upper troposphere to middle stratosphere where little water vapor is present. The polar orbiting sounders utilize cross‐track scanning in highly repeatable Sun‐synchronous orbits, while GPS RO is characterized by pseudorandom sampling in time and space. A comparison approach is described which minimizes sampling uncertainties. The impact of including the horizontal averaging inherent in the RO measurements on the statistical validation is shown. In order to demonstrate the method, bias and RMS vertical profiles have been created for global latitude zones for a range of time intervals using NASA Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Level 2 products compared to dry temperature measurements made by the U.S./Taiwan Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) network. The bias and RMS error profiles are shown to depend strongly on the vertical averaging applied to the difference profiles but are relatively insensitive to horizontal and temporal mismatch.
Energization of planetary pickup ions in the solar system
Authors: Jarvinen R. , Kallio E.
Published: January 2014

We study the solar wind‐induced ion escape from planetary atmospheres at different radial heliospheric distances in the solar system. We derive histograms of the gyroaveraged E×B velocities, energies, and Larmor radii of planetary ions in the solar wind at Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The statistical analysis is based on the interplanetary Pioneer Venus Orbiter and OMNI solar wind data sets. In addition to the energization in the undisturbed solar wind we also model how planetary heavy ions get energized in the solar wind interaction of an unmagnetized planet at different distances to the Sun. We found that due to the Parker spiral, pickup ions are expected to be found on average at lower energies and at velocities more perpendicular to the solar wind flow, the closer to the Sun a planet or a comet is. According to a global hybrid simulation, planetary heavy ion energization is influenced qualitatively in a similar way in the presence of an induced magnetosphere than in the upstream solar wind under different Parker spiral angles due to fact that the structure of an induced magnetosphere depends strongly on the interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind conditions. Finally, the energization and dynamics of the pickup ions vary considerably with the solar activity. The variation is stronger the farther away from the Sun an object is. The Larmor radii of the pickup ions are largest during a solar minimum while the pickup ion energies are highest during the declining phase of a solar cycle.
On the second order statistics for GPS ionospheric scintillation modeling
Authors: de Oliveira Moraes Alison , de Paula Eurico Rodrigues , de Assis Honorato Muella Marcio Tadeu , Perrella Waldecir João
Published: January 2014

Equatorial ionospheric scintillation is a phenomenon that occurs frequently, typically during nighttime, affecting radio signals that propagate through the ionosphere. Depending on the temporal and spatial distribution, ionospheric scintillation can represent a problem in the availability and precision for the Global Navigation Satellite System's users. This work is concerned with the statistical evaluation of the amplitude ionospheric scintillation fading events, namely, level crossing rate (LCR) and average fading duration (AFD). Using α‐μ model, the LCR and AFD are validated against experimental data obtained in São José dos Campos (23.1°S; 45.8°W; dip latitude 17.3°S), Brazil, a station located near the southern crest of the ionospheric equatorial ionization anomaly. The amplitude scintillation data were collected between December 2001 and January 2002, a period of high solar flux conditions. The obtained results with the proposed model fitted quite well with the experimental data and performed better when compared to the widely used Nakagami‐m model. Additionally, this work discusses the estimation of α and μ parameters, and the best fading coefficients found in this analysis are related to scintillation severity. Finally, for theoretical situations in which no set of experimental data are available, this work also presents parameterized equations to describe these fading statistics properly.
Assessing Ability to Forecast Geomorphic System Responses to Climate and Land‐Use Changes
Authors: Pelletier Jon D. , Brad Murray A. , Pierce Jennifer L.
Published: January 2014

As the global community faces the effects of ongoing and future climate and land‐use changes (C&LUC), geoscientists are called to action to assess the risks associated with such changes, assist with forecasts of future Earth states, quantify hazards to life, and suggest reasonable adaptation strategies. Earth surface scientists have developed conceptual and mathematical models for how geomorphic systems, including those associated with natural hazards that put trillions of dollars in infrastructure and tens of millions of lives at risk, will respond to and give feedback on C&LUC.
Spiro K. Antiochos Receives 2013 John Adam Fleming Medal: Citation
Authors: Klimchuk James A.
Published: January 2014

The John Adam Fleming Medal is awarded for “original research and technical leadership in geomagnetism, atmospheric electricity, aeronomy, space physics, and related sciences.” Originality and technical leadership are exactly the characteristics that distinguish the research of Spiro K. Antiochos. Spiro possesses a truly unique combination of physical insight, creativity, and mastery of the concepts and mathematical and numerical tools of space physics. These talents have allowed him to develop completely original theories for major observational problems and to test and refine those theories using sophisticated numerical simulation codes that he himself helped to develop. Spiro's physical insight is especially impressive. He has an uncanny ability to identify the fundamental aspects of complex problems and to see physical connections where others do not. This can sometimes involve ideas that may initially seem counterintuitive to those with less creativity. Many of Spiro's revolutionary advances have opened up whole new areas of study and shaped the course of space physics. Examples include the breakout model for coronal mass ejections (CMEs), the S‐web model for the slow solar wind, and the thermal nonequilibrium model for solar prominences. The breakout model is of special significance to AGU as it strives to promote science for the betterment of humanity. CMEs are enormous explosions on the Sun that can have major “space weather” impacts here on Earth. They affect technologies ranging from communication and navigation systems to electrical power grids. Breakout is the leading theory for why CMEs occur and may one day be the foundation for more accurate space weather forecasting.
Spiro K. Antiochos Receives 2013 John Adam Fleming Medal: Response
Authors: Antiochos Spiro K.
Published: January 2014

Thank you, Jim Klimchuk, for this far too generous citation, and thank you very much, my AGU colleagues, for honoring me with the Fleming Medal. When I consider the list of excellent scientists who have been awarded the Fleming Medal, I am humbled that you have included me in their company. I am especially proud that this award is from AGU because only later in my career did I change my science focus and join AGU. This was the best professional decision I have ever made. As a result, I have met many wonderful colleagues. I've always loved doing research, but my colleagues in AGU have made it so much more enjoyable. Also, moving to AGU gave me the opportunity to participate in truly exciting science. My present position is that of senior scientist for space weather at NASA Goddard. It is interesting to note that the field of space weather science did not even exist when I started my career. I was very fortunate to be part of the beginning of a new field and, as a result, to be able to participate in the explosive advances of space weather science over the past 2 decades.
Bernard J. Wood Receives 2013 Harry H. Hess Medal: Response
Authors: Wood Bernard J.
Published: January 2014

President Finn, friends, and colleagues, I am truly delighted to accept the Hess Medal for 2013. It is difficult to express one's feelings adequately on receipt of such a prestigious award, but a mixture of pride, humility, and thankfulness for a long and lucky career all occur. It did not start propitiously as my high school grades would only ensure undergraduate entry into the Northern Polytechnic, a second‐tier institution in London. Nevertheless, I was enthused by several great teachers, including John Charalambous (inorganic chemistry) and Stephen Morel, a field geologist who had worked for many years in Malawi. They pushed me into trying for graduate school, and I was fortunate to find the eclectic Roger Strens my supervisor at Newcastle.
Kuo‐Nan Liou Receives 2013 Roger Revelle Medal: Citation
Authors: Brutsaert Wilfried H.
Published: January 2014

The Revelle Medal is awarded for “outstanding contributions in atmospheric sciences, atmosphere‐ocean coupling, atmosphere‐land coupling, biogeochemical cycles, climate, or related aspects of the Earth system.” It also celebrates the man Roger Revelle, who through his broad interests, his awareness of global change, and his national and international service, was a true statesman of science. Dr. Kuo‐Nan Liou's accomplishments in research and leadership service are the perfect embodiment of this ideal. He made trailblazing contributions in radiation, the prime driver in the Earth's energy budget, and in cloud physics; both are fundamental to our understanding of climate dynamics and atmosphere‐surface interactions. Moreover, his leadership successively as chair of two departments and as director of two separate Institutes and his outreach initiatives in spearheading hydrologic‐atmospheric experimentation and in founding the Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering at UCLA reveal him to be a true leader in the image of Roger Revelle.
Bradford H. Hager Receives 2013 Inge Lehmann Medal: Citation
Authors: Mitrovica Jerry X.
Published: January 2014

In the post–plate tectonics world, efforts to map the structure of Earth's interior broadened to include a growing preoccupation with the underlying dynamics. Students of global geophysics recognize the important role that previous recipients of the Inge Lehmann Medal played in this effort, but they would also understand the reasons that Bradford Hager of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology must be included in this honored list. Brad has been a central figure in mantle dynamics for the last 30 years, responsible for many fundamental advances in our understanding of mantle structure and flow and their connection to the geological record.
Transient management of a supervisory fault‐tolerant control scheme based on dwell‐time conditions
Authors: Cieslak Jérôme , Efimov Denis , Henry David
Published: January 2014

The paper deals with the design of an active fault‐tolerant control strategy based on the supervisory control approach technique for linear time invariant MIMO systems affected by disturbances, measurement noise, and faults. From a bank of Luenberger observers that plays the role of a fault detection and isolation scheme, the supervisory algorithm aims at selecting the suitable fault‐tolerant controller by means of a hysteresis‐based switching mechanism. Based on dwell‐time conditions, Lyapunov global exponential stability is addressed, and it is shown how transient behaviors due to the inherent interactions between fault detection and isolation, fault‐tolerant control, and the reconfiguration mechanism can be improved. The main advantage with respect to existing solutions of open literature is relative to a simple parameterization of all controllers (possibly having different state dimensions, integral action, and/or unstable poles) in order to cope with bumps and undesirable transients when (possible multiple) switches occur. Moreover, it is shown that it is possible to improve (reduce) the dwell‐time value in some cases. The efficiency of the approach is demonstrated on the academic highly maneuverable technology benchmark. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐Area and Flexible Lead‐Free Nanocomposite Generator Using Alkaline Niobate Particles and Metal Nanorod Filler
Authors: Jeong Chang Kyu , Park Kwi‐Il , Ryu Jungho , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Lee Keon Jae
Published: January 2014

The lead‐free nanocomposite generator device for high‐output energy harvesting using piezoelectric alkaline niobate‐based particles (KNLN) and copper (Cu) nanorods filler is reported. To produce the piezoelectric nanocomposite (p‐NC), lead‐free KNLN particles synthesized using a solid‐state method and the Cu nanorods are distributed in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The lead‐free flexible nanocomposite generator (NCG) made by a simple spin‐casting method successfully converts mechanical energy to electricity up to 12 V and 1.2 μA. These are higher than previously reported outputs from other lead‐free and composite‐based nanogenerators. The harvested energy is utilized to directly turn on white light emitting diodes (LEDs) without external circuits and to operate a complex circuital liquid crystal display (LCD). A large‐area NCG device (30 cm × 30 cm) is also fabricated using the bar‐coating method to obtain maximum output up to 140 V and 8 μA (≈0.5 mW). This NCG technology has substantial advantages as a simple, cost‐effective, scalable, and high‐throughput approach for practical flexible electronics, bio‐eco‐compatible self‐powered systems, and body sensor networks (BSN).
All‐Solution‐Processed Indium‐Free Transparent Composite Electrodes based on Ag Nanowire and Metal Oxide for Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Areum , Won Yulim , Woo Kyoohee , Jeong Sunho , Moon Jooho
Published: January 2014

Fully solution‐processed Al‐doped ZnO/silver nanowire (AgNW)/Al‐doped ZnO/ZnO multi‐stacked composite electrodes are introduced as a transparent, conductive window layer for thin‐film solar cells. Unlike conventional sol–gel synthetic pathways, a newly developed combustion reaction‐based sol–gel chemical approach allows dense and uniform composite electrodes at temperatures as low as 200 °C. The resulting composite layer exhibits high transmittance (93.4% at 550 nm) and low sheet resistance (11.3 Ω sq‐1), which are far superior to those of other solution‐processed transparent electrodes and are comparable to their sputtered counterparts. Conductive atomic force microscopy reveals that the multi‐stacked metal‐oxide layers embedded with the AgNWs enhance the photocarrier collection efficiency by broadening the lateral conduction range. This as‐developed composite electrode is successfully applied in Cu(In1‐x,Gax)S2 (CIGS) thin‐film solar cells and exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 11.03%. The fully solution‐processed indium‐free composite films demonstrate not only good performance as transparent electrodes but also the potential for applications in various optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices as a cost‐effective and sustainable alternative electrode.
Stable and Efficient Thin Layer DFB Lasers Based on Side‐Chain Azobenzene Polymers
Authors: Goldenberg Leonid M. , Lisinetskii Victor , Schrader Sigurd
Published: January 2014

Using amorphous side‐chain azobenzene‐containing polymers, stable and efficient miniature lasers based on polarization gratings as distributed feedback are fabricated. The lasers with Rhodamine 700 dye as the emitter exhibit a low lasing threshold of ca. 20 μJ cm−2, which is even further decreased to ca. 5–10 μJ cm−2 for the devices emitting in the 1st diffraction order. Additionally this new formulation exhibits a considerably higher efficiency of ca. 3%, and a higher half‐life of more than 1 × 105 shots. A wide wavelength tuning range of 115 nm is obtained for the same formulation only by changing grating frequency. A variation of polymer matrix, laser dye, and grating spatial frequency allows an extended tuning range between 611 and 873 nm.
8.9% Single‐Stack Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with Electron‐Rich Polymer Nanolayer‐Modified Inorganic Electron‐Collecting Buffer Layers
Authors: Woo Sungho , Hyun Kim Wook , Kim Hwajeong , Yi Yeonjin , Lyu Hong‐Kun , Kim Youngkyoo
Published: January 2014

Enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) is reported in inverted polymer solar cells when an electron‐rich polymer nanolayer (poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)) is placed on the surface of an electron‐collecting buffer layer (ZnO). The active layer is made with bulk heterojunction films of poly[[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The thickness of the PEI nanolayer is controlled to be 2 nm to minimize its insulating effect, which is confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical absorption measurements. The Kelvin probe and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the enhanced PCE by introducing the PEI nanolayer is attributed to the lowered conduction band energy of the ZnO layer via the formation of an interfacial dipole layer at the interfaces between the ZnO layer and the PEI nanolayer. The PEI nanolayer also improves the surface roughness of the ZnO layer so that the device series resistance can be noticeably decreased. As a result, all solar cell parameters including short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, fill factor, and shunt resistance are improved, leading to the PCE increase up to ≈8.9%, which is close to the best PCE reported using conjugated polymer electrolyte films.
Atypical phenotypes in titinopathies explained by second titin mutations
Authors: Evilä Anni , Vihola Anna , Sarparanta Jaakko , Raheem Olayinka , Palmio Johanna , Sandell Satu , Eymard Bruno , Illa Isabel , Rojas‐Garcia Ricard , Hankiewicz Karolina , Negrão Luis , Löppönen Tuija , Nokelainen Pekka , Kärppä Mikko , Penttilä Sini , Screen Mark , Suominen Tiina , Richard Isabelle , Hackman Peter , Udd Bjarne
Published: January 2014

Objective

Several patients with previously reported titin gene (TTN) mutations causing tibial muscular dystrophy (TMD) have more complex, severe, or unusual phenotypes. This study aimed to clarify the molecular cause of the variant phenotypes in 8 patients of 7 European families.

Methods

Clinical, histopathological, and muscle imaging data of patients and family members were reanalyzed. The titin protein was analyzed by Western blotting and TTN gene by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Sanger sequencing.

Results

Western blotting showed more pronounced C‐terminal titin abnormality than expected for heterozygous probands, suggesting the existence of additional TTN mutations. RT‐PCR indicated unequal mRNA expression of the TTN alleles in biopsies of 6 patients, 3 with an limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J (LGMD2J) phenotype. Novel frameshift mutations were identified in 5 patients. A novel A‐band titin mutation, c.92167C>T (p.P30723S), was found in 1 patient, and 1 Portuguese patient with a severe TMD phenotype proved to be homozygous for the previously reported Iberian TMD mutation.

Interpretation

The unequal expression levels of TTN transcripts in 5 probands suggested severely reduced expression of the frameshift mutated allele, probably through nonsense‐mediated decay, explaining the more severe phenotypes. The Iberian TMD mutation may cause a more severe TMD rather than LGMD2J when homozygous. The Finnish patient compound heterozygous for the FINmaj TMD mutation and the novel A‐band titin missense mutation showed a phenotype completely different from previously described titinopathies. Our results further expand the complexity of muscular dystrophies caused by TTN mutations and suggest that the coexistence of second mutations may constitute a more common general mechanism explaining phenotype variability. Ann Neurol 2014;75:230–240
Mechanical properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer/poly(l‐lactic acid) blends and their composites
Authors: Choe Ik‐Je , Lee Jun Hye , Yu Ji Hoon , Yoon Jin‐San
Published: January 2014

As the material properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS) have an excessively wide margin for applications in automobile console boxes, ABS partly replaced with poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLA) may be used for the same purpose with improved ecofriendliness if the corresponding deterioration of the material properties is acceptable through the choice of appropriate additives. ABS composites with 30 wt % renewable components (PLA and cellulose pulp) were prepared by melt compounding, and the material properties were examined as a function of the additive content. The changes in the mechanical properties of the ABS/PLA blends were examined after the addition of cellulose pulp and two clays [Cloisite 25A (C25A) and sodium montmorillonite] as well as these two clays treated with bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT). The heat distortion temperatures of the composites were measured as a function of the content of the TESPT‐treated C25A. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40329.
Synthesis and In Vivo Anticonvulsant Activity of 2‐Methyl‐2‐[3‐(5‐piperazin‐1‐yl‐[1,3,4]oxadiazol‐2‐yl)‐phenyl]‐propionitrile Derivatives
Authors: Harish Kikkeri P. , Mohana Kikkeri N. , Mallesha Lingappa , Veeresh Bantal
Published: January 2014

A series of new 2‐methyl‐2‐[3‐(5‐piperazin‐1‐yl‐[1,3,4]oxadiazol‐2‐yl)‐phenyl]‐propionitrile derivatives 8a–o, 9a–c, 10a–d, and 11a–d were synthesized to meet the structural requirements essential for anticonvulsant property. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral studies. The purity of the novel compounds was confirmed by elemental analyses. All the compounds were screened for their anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock (MES) seizure method and their neurotoxic effects were determined by rotorod test. Compounds 8d, 8e, and 8f were found to be the most potent of this series. The same compounds showed no neurotoxicity at the maximum dose administered (100 mg/kg). The efforts were also made to establish the structure–activity relationships among the synthesized compounds. The pharmacophore model was used to validate the anticonvulsant activity of the synthesized molecules.
Synthesis, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of N‐Azole Substituted Thiomorpholine Derivatives
Authors: Reddy Putta Ramachandra , Reddy Guda Mallikarjuna , Padmaja Adivireddy , Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Kondaiah Paturu , Krishna Narra Siva
Published: January 2014

A new class of N‐azole substituted thiomorpholine derivatives were prepared and their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were studied. The methyl substituted oxazolyl thiomorpholine dioxide 9b exhibited radical scavenging activity greater than the standard ascorbic acid. On the other hand, the thiazolyl thiomorpholine 10c having a chloro substituent on the aromatic ring was identified as a remarkable lead molecule for cytotoxic activity against A549 and HeLa cells, with IC50 values of 10.1 and 30.0 µM, respectively.