bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dataset of Easy Screen P300 Speller Brain–Computer Interface Design
Authors: Aygün Abdullah Bilal , Kavsaoğlu Ahmet Reşit
Published: January 2025

A dataset has been created to support advancements in brain-computer interface (BCI) research, particularly focusing on P300 speller systems and electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis. This dataset provides detailed EEG recordings from 30 healthy participants during offline analysis, online character recognition, and word-writing tasks. A 16-channel Brain Products V-Amp device was utilized, and data were collected via a 7×7 visual stimulus matrix designed to evoke reliable P300 responses, with stimuli presented in randomized sequences. The dataset comprises raw EEG signals, binary labels, and stimulus timing information, structured to facilitate the development of innovative BCI algorithms and real-time applications. This open-access resource enables novel approaches to EEG signal classification and supports the design of adaptive P300 speller interfaces, offering a foundation for advancing assistive technologies and neuroscience research.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Maternal Health Facility Utilization at Hospital: Evidence from Indonesia's 2018 Basic Health Research
Authors: Adnan Yudi , Ekasari Ranti
Published: January 2025

Maternal and neonatal mortality remain critical issues, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. This study aims to analyze socioeconomic disparities in hospital utilization for childbirth in Indonesia using data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research. The study found that socioeconomic factors significantly influence hospital utilization by pregnant women, with higher socioeconomic status associated with higher hospital utilization. Urban residence, higher education level, employment status, and health insurance ownership positively correlated with hospital utilization. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve access and utilization of maternal health facilities, particularly among vulnerable socioeconomic groups. The study contributes to the literature by providing new insights into socioeconomic disparities in hospital utilization for childbirth. This can inform policymakers and health practitioners in improving maternal health in Indonesia
Countermeasures for Environmental Damage Caused by Drilling Water Sources for The Mineral Water Industry
Authors: Hafid Raden Bagus Mochammad Ramadhan Razief , Sahrudin Sahrudin , Farid Ahmad
Published: January 2025

The mineral water industry has grown rapidly in recent decades, as people have become more aware of the importance of quality drinking water. However, overexploitation of groundwater to meet the needs of this industry can cause significant environmental damage. This abstract discusses various measures that can be taken to mitigate environmental damage due to the drilling of water sources for the mineral water industry. One of the main solutions is to implement stricter regulations related to groundwater extraction. This includes limiting the amount of water that can be withdrawn by mineral water companies, as well as implementing higher water quality standards. The government also needs to conduct stricter supervision of mineral water industry activities to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. Another important effort is to encourage the use of more environmentally friendly technologies in the water intake and treatment process. For example, the use of reverse osmosis systems that are more water-efficient than conventional methods. The mineral water industry also needs to educate the public about the importance of preserving the environment, and encourage community participation in efforts to conserve water resources. In addition, it is important to develop alternative water sources for the mineral water industry, such as treated surface water or seawater. This can help reduce the pressure on.
Fulfillment of the Constitutional Rights for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities in General Elections
Authors: Bambang Sumantri  , Ane Nor Cahya Ilmiah  , Salfanil Farizi
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this research is to examine the fulfillment of the constitutional rights of persons with intellectual disabilities against the fulfillment of constitutional rights as citizens in general elections that are not mentioned concerning their voting rights in regulations on general elections. the contribution of this research is to equalize the provision of legal certainty of the State to persons with intellectual disabilities in general election regulations. In writing research at this time, normative legal research methods are used, as well as various legal approaches such as statutory approaches, case approaches by examining court decisions, and concept approaches. The results of the research in this paper show that legal protection to people with disabilities with disabilities in general elections as voters also have equal or equal rights based on the Constitution, Human Rights Regulations, Regulations on the Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Regulations on Persons with Disabilities that exist in the State of Indonesia, each of which provides legal protection related to the right to vote for people with disabilities with disabilities. However, persons with disabilities have not fully received legal protection in the general election regulations, resulting in conflicting norms, so the author provides a solution for testing the Election Law which is directly contrary to the rules that are equal as well as to the state constitution to the Constitutional Court to provide legal certainty in accordance with what is made an ideal by the state.
Impact of Increased Fertilizer Prices on its Use in Wheat Crop and Wheat Productivity in Selected Districts of Punjab Province
Authors: Mustafa Fatima , Tabasam Nazia , Sadaf Tahira , Rouf Ayesha , Azhar Usman
Published: January 2025

Replenishment and management of the food demand are the basic needs of the time to cope with the increasing demand of food due to the consistent rise in population. Agriculture is the lifeblood of Pakistan’s economy providing food to more than 21.2 million people. In the agriculture sector, wheat is the most important crop cultivated on the largest area in almost every part of the country. Wheat production in Pakistan showed much fluctuated patterns from the time of wheat security to its server deficiency. Fertilizer is basic need and an important input that results in high cost of wheat production and also the farmers are facing many challenges regarding fertilizer prices in Pakistan. The study was conducted to investigate socioeconomic issues of the farmers faced in fertilizer use and purchasing. Primary data was collected from 200 respondents through well-structured questionnaire. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the factor affecting fertilizer prices of wheat. Overall significance of the model was determined by F-test. The value of R2 was 51.3 percent which indicated that 51 percent variations were explained by the model. It was suggested that there was need of timely availability of farm inputs including credit to farmers, subsidy on fertilizer, direct asses to market, application of high yield wheat varieties and contact of agri./extension department with small farmers.
Vilces elektrisko piedziņu vadības sistēmas izpēte, izstrāde un novērtēšana dzelzceļa lietojumos
Authors:   , Burenin Vsevolod
Published: January 2025

Promocijas darbs veltīts vadības sistēmas izstrādei un validācijai dzelzceļa vilces piedziņai, izmantojot divu līmeņu pārveidotāju un hibrīdu impulsu platuma modulāciju pie zemām komutācijas frekvencēm. Darbs ietver matemātiskos risinājumus selektīvā harmonisko komponenšu novēršanai, hibrīda strāvas novērotāju un vadības sistēmu nemanāmām modulācijas pārejām. Lai novērtētu harmoniskos kropļojumus, jaudas zudumus un sistēmas veiktspēju dažādos darbības apstākļos, izmantotas datormodelēšanas programmas MATLAB un Simulink, kā arī veiktas samazināta prototipa laboratoriskās pārbaudes.
The pattern and burden of non-communicable diseases in armed conflict-exposed populations in Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Stephen Roland I. , Tyndall Jennifer A. , Olumoh Jamiu S. , Okeke Malachy I. , Dunga Jacob A. , Elijah Tonde G. , Bello Dillys M. , Adegboye Oyelola A. , Reyes Jimmy A.
Published: January 2025

Background

The risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in conflict and post-conflict settings in Northeastern Nigeria has not been evaluated to date. As this region undergoes recovery, understanding the prevalence of NCDs, such as hypertension, diabetes, depression, and obesity, and the associated behavioral coping mechanisms, is crucial for developing tailored healthcare solutions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of conflict on the prevalence of NCDs in conflict-exposed areas in Northeastern Nigeria compared with non-conflict regions.

Methods

This study was an unmatched cross-sectional study. The participants were selected from inpatients and outpatients at general hospitals in Mubi (conflict-exposed) and Jada (non-conflict), which are local government areas in Adamawa, a state in Northeastern Nigeria. The study was conducted over four months, and data on various health indicators were collected. Multivariable binary logistic regression and complementary log regression were performed to investigate the effects of individual risk factors and regional settings on the prevalence of NCDs.

Findings

A sample of 463 individuals from both locations was analyzed. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, and depression in the entire cohort was 22.92%, 5.04%, 44.19%, and 17.94%, respectively. The rates of hypertension and abdominal obesity in the conflict-exposed Mubi were lower, and the rate of depression was higher than those recorded in Jada. Females showed higher rates of hypertension, obesity, and depression than males. The residents of Mubi had lower odds of having abdominal obesity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.11–0.28]) but a higher risk of depression (incidence risk ratio (IRR) = 4.78; 95% CI [2.51–9.22]) than those in Jada. However, the participants affected by insurgency showed higher odds of having both abdominal obesity (aOR = 1.95; 95% CI [1.23–3.08]) and depression (IRR = 1.76; 95% CI [1.08–2.88]) than those who were not affected by the conflict.

Conclusions

The findings of this study underscore the urgent need for mental health support in conflict-affected regions and comprehensive healthcare strategies for the aging population. As adjustment of lifestyle factors is crucial for addressing NCDs, effective case management and food security are essential for reducing the risk of NCDs in conflict-exposed populations.
Effect of Agriculture Land Use Practices on Selected Soil Properties and Macro-Aggregate Stability: A Case Study of Coastal Plain Sand, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: I. J. SAM, , I. G. Edet, , O. A ESSIEN, , U. F Thomas,
Published: January 2025

The study was carried out in Coastal plain Sands. Southeastern Nigeria to evaluate Macro-aggregate stability under three land-use types; Rubber Plantation (RP). Oil Palm Plantation (OPP, and Forest plot (FP). Random soil and core samples were collected in five Points in each of the three land-use types, given a total of 15 samples, bulked for physical and chemical analyses. Aggregate Separation was done using a nest of four sieve sizes. Macro-aggregate stability indices means weight diameter of dry and wet (MWDd and MWDw), water stability aggregate (WSA), aggregate Clay (AC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and aggregate silt plus Clay (ASC) were calculated. The data were subjected into descriptive statistics and correlation Matrix. The result indicates that sand was the dominant particle size fraction. Macro-aggregate stability indices result revealed that MWDw recorded highest value at RP (1.128) and lowest at FP (0.963). WSA and AC had highest mean value at RP (26.82) and OPP (11.562) and RP (4.85), mean value at OPP(1.54) and OPP (13.35) and lowest value of RP(1.22) and FP(7.35) respectively. Aggregate silt plus clay increases flocculation of soil aggregate, while exchangeable sodium percentage causes disintegration of soil aggregate.
Die Strukturierung des Prozessstoffs in der digitalen Prozesswelt
Authors: Stein Jürgen vom
Published: January 2025

Die Digitalisierung der Prozessführung stellt Gerichte und Prozessvertretungen vor Herausforderungen, die mit dem tradierten Prozessrecht vielfach nicht bewältigt werden können. Eine Reform zur Anpassung der Prozessordnungen an die digitalen Strukturen erscheint im Interesse zügiger und qualitativ hochwertiger Rechtsschutzgewährung geboten.
Neue Güter in der Zwangsvollstreckung
Authors: Heine Jannik
Published: January 2025

Der Beitrag analysiert die Herausforderungen der Zwangsvollstreckung bei neuen Vermögensgütern wie Software, Domains oder Kryptowährungen, die häufig keiner privatrechtlichen Zuweisung unterliegen. Er kritisiert das herrschende Verständnis der zwangsvollstreckungsrechtlichen Ermächtigungsgrundlagen, die den Zugriff auf solche Güter an das Bestehen subjektiver Rechte im materiellen Recht knüpft und dadurch dort bestehende Lücken in die Zwangsvollstreckung hineinträgt. Als Alternative schlägt der Beitrag eine funktional-akzessorische Rekonstruktion der §§ 808 ff. ZPO vor, die einen Zugriff auf faktisch beherrschbare Güter unabhängig von deren privatrechtlicher Zuweisung ermöglicht und damit den verfassungsrechtlichen Vorgaben einer effektiven Zwangsvollstreckung gerecht wird.. Dabei geht der Beitrag insbesondere auf das Verhältnis von materiellem Recht und Zwangsvollstreckungsrecht ein und zeigt, dass sich vollstreckungsrechtliche Normen entgegen der herrschenden Meinung von den Einschränkungen des materiellen Rechts lösen können.
Chatbot vs Medical Student Performance on Free-Response Clinical Reasoning Examinations
Authors: Strong Eric , DiGiammarino Alicia , Weng Yingjie , Kumar Andre , Hosamani Poonam , Hom Jason , Chen Jonathan H.
Published: July 2023

This study compares performance on free-response clinical reasoning examinations of first- and second-year medical students vs 2 models of a popular chatbot.
Excess Mortality With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias as an Underlying or Contributing Cause During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US
Authors: Chen Ruijia , Charpignon Marie-Laure , Raquib Rafeya V. , Wang Jingxuan , Meza Erika , Aschmann Hélène E. , DeVost Michelle A. , Mooney Alyssa , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Riley Alicia R. , Kiang Mathew V. , Chen Yea-Hung , Stokes Andrew C. , Glymour M. Maria
Published: July 2023

Importance

Adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) are particularly vulnerable to the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Deaths associated with ADRD increased substantially in pandemic year 1. It is unclear whether mortality associated with ADRD declined when better prevention strategies, testing, and vaccines became widely available in year 2.

Objective

To compare pandemic-era excess deaths associated with ADRD between year 1 and year 2 overall and by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and place of death.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This time series analysis used all death certificates of US decedents 65 years and older with ADRD as an underlying or contributing cause of death from January 2014 through February 2022.

Exposure

COVID-19 pandemic era.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Pandemic-era excess deaths associated with ADRD were defined as the difference between deaths with ADRD as an underlying or contributing cause observed from March 2020 to February 2021 (year 1) and March 2021 to February 2022 (year 2) compared with expected deaths during this period. Expected deaths were estimated using data from January 2014 to February 2020 fitted with autoregressive integrated moving average models.

Results

Overall, 2 334 101 death certificates were analyzed. A total of 94 688 (95% prediction interval [PI], 84 192-104 890) pandemic-era excess deaths with ADRD were estimated in year 1 and 21 586 (95% PI, 10 631-32 450) in year 2. Declines in ADRD-related deaths in year 2 were substantial for every age, sex, and racial and ethnic group evaluated. Pandemic-era ADRD-related excess deaths declined among nursing home/long-term care residents (from 34 259 [95% PI, 25 819-42 677] in year 1 to −22 050 [95% PI, −30 765 to −13 273] in year 2), but excess deaths at home remained high (from 34 487 [95% PI, 32 815-36 142] in year 1 to 28 804 [95% PI, 27 067-30 571] in year 2).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that large increases in mortality with ADRD as an underlying or contributing cause of death occurred in COVID-19 pandemic year 1 but were largely mitigated in pandemic year 2. The most pronounced declines were observed for deaths in nursing home/long-term care settings. Conversely, excess deaths at home and in medical facilities remained high in year 2.
Chemically Recyclable Conjugated Polymer and One‐Shot Preparation of Thermally Stable and Efficient Bulk‐Heterojunction from Recycled Monomer
Authors: Jin Hyunjung , Kim Kyuyeon , Park Sungmin , Rhee JinHyeong , Ahn Hyungju , Kim Dong Jun , Kim Kyeongmin , Noh Jun Hong , Kim Taek‐Soo , Shin Eul‐Yong , Son Hae Jung
Published: July 2023

Recyclable conjugated polymers are important for realizing eco‐friendly electronics with advantages of solution processability and flexibility. A recyclable conjugated polymer, PY‐TIP is developed, of which a key monomer is successfully extracted via a mild depolymerization process and is reused for the synthesis of novel conjugated polymers. One‐shot preparation of polymer acceptor and its bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) is demonstrated from the recycled monomer, Y5‐TA, for the first time and the resulting BHJ film shows optimal nanoscale morphology for efficient charge generation and transport. As a result, the solar cells prepared using the BHJ film show a higher efficiency of 13.08% and much improved thermal and mechanical stability compared with those based on the small molecular acceptor. These results are important in that the various polymers can be prepared from the recycled monomer in a solid state without organic solvents and purification step and this strategy is effective for improving the thermal and mechanical stability of the BHJ film as well as achieving high photovoltaic performance. PY‐TIP is exemplary in that it can reproduce its monomer which can be used to synthesize conjugated polymers with novel chemical structures and physical properties. This work provides a design guideline for developing recyclable conjugated polymers with dynamic covalent bonds.
Continuous‐Wave Lasing in Perovskite LEDs with an Integrated Distributed Feedback Resonator
Authors: Wen Kaichuan , Cao Yu , Gu Lianghui , Wang Saixue , Qian Dongmin , Wang Jingmin , Kuang Zhiyuan , Luo Mengyi , Wang Gang , Guan Shuzhen , Li Mengmeng , Yang Heng , Xing Guichuan , Wang Nana , Zhu Lin , Peng Qiming , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu
Published: July 2023

Realization of electrically pumped laser diodes based on solution‐processed semiconductors is a long‐standing challenge. Metal halide perovskites have shown great potential toward this goal due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Continuous‐wave (CW) optically pumped lasing in a real electroluminescent device represents a key step to current‐injection laser diodes, but it has not yet been realized. This is mainly due to the challenge of incorporating a resonant cavity into an efficient light‐emitting diode (LED) able to sustain intensive carrier injection. Here, CW lasing is reported in an efficient perovskite LED with an integrated distributed feedback resonator, which shows a low lasing threshold of 220 W cm−2 at 110 K. Importantly, the LED works well at a current density of 330 A cm−2, indicating the carrier injection rate already exceeds the threshold of optically pumping. The results suggest that electrically pumped perovskite laser diodes can be achieved once the Joule heating issue is overcome.
Anions Regulation Engineering Enables a Highly Reversible and Dendrite‐Free Nickel‐Metal Anode with Ultrahigh Capacities
Authors: Wang Mingming , Meng Yahan , Gao Pengfei , Li Ke , Liu Zaichun , Zhu Zhengxin , Ali Mohsin , Ahmad Touqeer , Chen Na , Yuan Yuan , Xu Yan , Chuai Mingyan , Sun Jifei , Zheng Xinhua , Li Xingxing , Yang Jinlong , Chen Wei
Published: July 2023

The development of safe and high‐energy metal anodes represents a crucial research direction. Here, the achievement of highly reversible, dendrite‐free transition metal anodes with ultrahigh capacities by regulating aqueous electrolytes is reported. Using nickel (Ni) as a model, theoretical and experimental evidence demonstrating the beneficial role of chloride ions in inhibiting and disrupting the nickel hydroxide passivation layer on the Ni electrode is provided. As a result, Ni anodes with an ultrahigh areal capacity of 1000 mAh cm−2 (volumetric capacity of ≈6000 mAh cm−3), and a Coulombic efficiency of 99.4% on a carbon substrate, surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art metal electrodes by approximately two orders of magnitude, are realized. Furthermore, as a proof‐of‐concept, a series of full cells based on the Ni anode is developed. The designed Ni–MnO2 full battery exhibits a long lifespan of 2000 cycles, while the Ni–PbO2 full battery achieves a high areal capacity of 200 mAh cm−2. The findings of this study are important for enlightening a new arena toward the advancement of dendrite‐free Ni‐metal anodes with ultrahigh capacities and long cycle life for various energy‐storage devices.
Highly Conductive Polyoxanorbornene‐Based Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: An So Young , Wu Xinsheng , Zhao Yuqi , Liu Tong , Yin Rongguan , Ahn Jung Hyun , Walker Lynn M. , Whitacre Jay F. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

This present study illustrates the synthesis and preparation of polyoxanorbornene‐based bottlebrush polymers with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) side chains by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization for solid polymer electrolytes (SPE). In addition to the conductive PEO side chains, the polyoxanorbornene backbones may act as another ion conductor to further promote Li‐ion movement within the SPE matrix. These results suggest that these bottlebrush polymer electrolytes provide impressively high ionic conductivity of 7.12 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and excellent electrochemical performance, including high‐rate capabilities and cycling stability when paired with a Li metal anode and a LiFePO4 cathode. The new design paradigm, which has dual ionic conductive pathways, provides an unexplored avenue for inventing new SPEs and emphasizes the importance of molecular engineering to develop highly stable and conductive polymer electrolytes for lithium‐metal batteries (LMB).
Designed Redox‐Electrolyte Strategy Boosted with Electrode Engineering for High‐Performance Ti3C2Tx MXene‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Ma Rui , Cao Lingyun , Zhuo Jingting , Lu Jintao , Chen Jiaxiang , Huang Jue , Yang Guowei , Yi Fang
Published: July 2023

Ti3C2Tx MXene has shown remarkable potential for supercapacitors. However, its limited capacitance restrains the energy density. Here, a designed redox‐electrolyte strategy boosted with electrode engineering for Ti3C2Tx MXene is demonstrated, by which a record‐high specific capacitance of 788.4 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 is achieved, accompanied by good rate capability and highly improved cyclic stability compared with the pristine MXene electrode. For the first time, redox additives with redox potentials falling in the Ti3C2Tx MXene's potential range and that can take full advantage of the characteristics of Ti3C2Tx MXene are investigated. CuSO4 and VOSO4 are screened as the hybrid redox additives; and it is revealed that copper and vanadium ions can bond with ═O terminals on the MXene surface and undergo redox reactions mainly via Cu2+/Cu+ and V3+/V2+. The electrode engineering significantly boosts the designed redox‐electrolyte strategy by enhancing ion dynamics and increasing electrochemically active sites. High energy density of 80.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 376.0 W kg−1 and high cyclic stability and improved self‐discharging behavior are obtained for the fabricated supercapacitor by applying this strategy. The strategy is also demonstrated for the performance improvement of MXene‐based flexible supercapacitors with hydrogel electrolytes.
Separator‐Free In Situ Dual‐Curing Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Enhanced Interfacial Contact for Achieving Ultrastable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Qin Shengyu , Yu Yinuo , Zhang Jianying , Ren Yunxiao , Sun Chang , Zhang Shuoning , Zhang Lanying , Hu Wei , Yang Huai , Yang Dengke
Published: July 2023

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are expected to possess high ionic conductivity and conformal interfacial contact with all cell components for all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries. However, the commonly used in situ separator‐assisted approach reduces the ionic conductivity because of the use of inert and non‐ion‐conducting separators. Here, a facile separator‐free dual‐curing strategy combining UV‐curing outside the cell and subsequent thermal‐curing inside the cell is reported, in which the second thermal polymerization process provides improved interfacial properties without sacrificing ionic conductivity. The resulting DC‐SPEs possess high ionic conductivity (0.3 mS cm−1 at 25 °C), a wide electrochemical stability window (4.64 V vs Li/Li+), and improved interfacial properties. The in situ‐formed DC‐SPE can effectively suppress the growth of Li dendrites and achieve stable Li symmetric cell cycling performance at high current density (over 700 h at 0.2 mA cm−2 and 0.2 mAh cm−2). The all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with LiFePO4 demonstrate high coulombic efficiency (>99.93%) and ultrastable cycling stability (900 cycles) at 1C rate under 40 °C. The dual‐curing strategy provides a brand new in situ processing method to avoid the use of expensive and inert separators, which can be widely applied to the development of all‐solid‐state LMBs.
Mechanism of Doping with High‐Valence Elements for Developing Ni‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Park Nam‐Yung , Kim Su‐Bin , Kim Myoung‐Chan , Han Sang‐Mun , Kim Dong‐Hwi , Kim Min‐Su , Sun Yang‐Kook
Published: July 2023

Introducing additional elements into Ni‐rich cathodes is an essential strategy for addressing the instability of the cathode material. Conventionally, this doping strategy considers only the incorporation of additional elements into the bulk structure of the cathode in terms of fortifying the crystal structure. However, high‐valence elements such as Nb5+, Ta5+, and Mo6+ are likely to be insoluble in the crystal structure, resulting in accumulation along the interparticle boundaries. Herein, a new mechanism for doping high‐valence elements into Ni‐rich cathodes and their effects on the morphology and crystal structure are investigated by calcining LiNiO2 (LNO) and X‐doped LNO cathodes (X = Al, Nb, Ta, and Mo) at various temperatures. Operando X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the temperature at which the content of Li‐X‐O compounds declines is higher for the dopants with high oxidation states, reinforcing segregation at the grain boundary and widening the calcination temperature range. Thus, the highly aligned microstructure and high crystallinity of the LNO cathode are maintained over a wide calcination temperature range after doping with high‐valence elements, enhancing the electrochemical performance. As next‐generation dopants, high‐valence elements can fortify not only the crystal structure, but also the microstructure, to maximize the electrochemical performance of Ni‐rich cathodes.
Microstructured Magnetoelastic Membrane for Magnetic Bioactuators and Soft Artificial Muscles Applications
Authors: Ponomareva Svetlana , Carriere Marie , Hou Yanxia , Morel Robert , Dieny Bernard , Joisten Hélène
Published: July 2023

In the growing field of mechanobiology, artificial mechano‐reactive systems play an essential role in the generation of mechanical forces and control of material deformations. Free‐standing magnetic nanoparticles have been studied for the mechanical stimulation of living cells. Magnetic composite materials are also used to mimic muscles at macroscale. In this study, a new magnetically actuated membrane is focused, which can be used for various applications in soft robotics or as a bioreactor. It consists of a few microns thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane in which an array of magnetic microdisks is embedded. These membranes have a large tuneable flexibility, and they are transparent, biocompatible, and waterproof. They are usable in biology and optics, both potentially combined. The membrane deformations under magnetic field have been experimentally characterized and modeled. By growing pancreatic cells on such membranes, it has been demonstrated that insulin production from the cells can be enhanced thanks to the mechanical stimulation of the cells provided by the actuated membrane.
Modeling, parameter estimation, and uncertainty quantification for CO2 adsorption process using flexible metal–organic frameworks by Bayesian Monte Carlo methods
Authors: Sugimoto Saeki , Takakura Yuya , Kajiro Hiroshi , Fujiki Junpei , Dashti Hossein , Yajima Tomoyuki , Kawajiri Yoshiaki
Published: July 2023

Flexible metal–organic frameworks (flexible MOFs) are considered promising adsorbents for CO2 capture, some of which have sigmoidal isotherm shapes that allow adsorption and desorption operations within a narrow partial pressure range. Nevertheless, modeling of adsorption processes employing flexible MOFs remains a challenge due to the unique isotherm shapes and kinetics. In this work, a Bayesian estimation framework is applied sequentially to handle two experimental data sets: isotherm and breakthrough measurements. The computational challenge for estimating the isotherm and kinetic parameters from the isotherm measurements and breakthrough experiments is resolved by Markov chain and sequential Monte Carlo methods. The uncertainties of the model parameters are obtained as probability distributions.
Carbohydrate‐Engineered Neutrophils Modulating Macrophage Phagocytosis and Phenotype
Authors: Xie Daping , Chen Jiaxi , Chen Chonghao , Niu Yiming , Dong Lei , Wang Chunming
Published: July 2023

The emerging applications of click chemistry for modulating cell surface glycans provide new possibilities for understanding fundamental cellular processes and designing therapeutic tools. Despite success in glycoengineering macrophages among other cell types, less is achieved on the modification of neutrophils, which are at the frontline of innate immune responses but known for short lives. Herein, a two‐step strategy to engineer neutrophil surfaces with carbohydrates is studied. In the first step, the efficiency of three strategies—lipid fusion, chemical conjugation, and metabolic engineering—for adding a clickable chemical group onto the surface of living neutrophils is compared. Having selected lipid fusion as the optimal method, four carbohydrates—glucose, galactose, mannose, and lactose—with corresponding chemical moieties to react with the preplaced clickable chemical group are applied, through a fast‐reacting, mild, click chemical reaction, leading to a rapid modification of the glycans onto the cell membrane. Among all modified and unmodified neutrophils, the ones modified with mannose (Neu‐Man) stimulate macrophage phagocytosis, resulting in increased expression of CD206 and arginase‐1 in the latter cells. The findings suggest an efficient approach to modifying surface glycans on living neutrophils, which may inspire new macrophage‐based anti‐inflammatory therapies.
Rotaxane Formation of Multicyclic Polydimethylsiloxane in a Silicone Network: A Step toward Constructing “Macro‐Rotaxanes” from High‐Molecular‐Weight Axle and Wheel Components
Authors: Ebe Minami , Soga Asuka , Fujiwara Kaiyu , Ree Brian J. , Marubayashi Hironori , Hagita Katsumi , Imasaki Atsushi , Baba Miru , Yamamoto Takuya , Tajima Kenji , Deguchi Tetsuo , Jinnai Hiroshi , Isono Takuya , Satoh Toshifumi
Published: July 2023

Rotaxanes consisting of a high‐molecular‐weight axle and wheel components (macro‐rotaxanes) have high structural freedom, and are attractive for soft‐material applications. However, their synthesis remains underexplored. Here, we investigated macro‐rotaxane formation by the topological trapping of multicyclic polydimethylsiloxanes (mc‐PDMSs) in silicone networks. mc‐PDMS with different numbers of cyclic units and ring sizes was synthesized by cyclopolymerization of a α,ω‐norbornenyl‐functionalized PDMS. Silicone networks were prepared in the presence of 10–60 wt % mc‐PDMS, and the trapping efficiency of mc‐PDMS was determined. In contrast to monocyclic PDMS, mc‐PDMSs with more cyclic units and larger ring sizes can be quantitatively trapped in the network as macro‐rotaxanes. The damping performance of a 60 wt % mc‐PDMS‐blended silicone network was evaluated, revealing a higher tan δ value than the bare PDMS network. Thus, macro‐rotaxanes are promising as non‐leaching additives for network polymers.
Development of active biocomposite films based on poly(lactic acid) and wine by‐product: Effect of grape pomace content and extrusion temperature
Authors: Bruna Julio E. , Castillo Mario , López de Dicastillo Carol , Muñoz‐Shugulí Cristina , Lira Marcia , Guarda Abel , Rodríguez‐Mercado Francisco J. , Galotto María J.
Published: July 2023

This work aims to evaluate the effect of the extrusion temperature of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with different grape pomace (GP) content for the development of active biocomposite films. Two different GP concentrations (10 and 15 wt.%) were used to obtain GP/PLA composites through extrusion at three different temperature profiles. The biocomposites were characterized through optical, thermal, structural, and mechanical tests. In addition, the antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity of materials were evaluated. Results showed GP antioxidant components are stable up to 180°C. The incorporation of GP in PLA resulted in red‐color films with a high color difference (ΔE > 30). The glass transition, cold crystallization, and melting temperatures as well as the tensile strength of PLA decreased by increasing GP concentration in the films; however, elastic modulus and elongation at break increased. The biocomposite with lowest GP content had better antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua. Contrary, 15% GP/PLA composite showed the highest antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, high extrusion temperature profile reduced the bioactivity of materials due to the GP degradation. These results showed the feasibility and best extrusion temperature profile to develop active materials using wine by‐products, which could be applied as active food packaging.
CO2 Adsorption on Pore‐Engineered Carbons Derived from Jute Sticks
Authors: Hanif Aamir , Aziz Md. Abdul , Helal Aasif , Abdelnaby Mahmoud M. , Qasem Mohammed Ameen Ahmed , Khan Abuzar , Hakeem Abbas S. , Al‐Betar Abdul‐Rahman F. , Khan Mohd Yusuf
Published: July 2023

CO2 capture is a practical approach to mitigating the impacts of global warming. Adsorption‐based carbon capture is a clean and potentially energy‐efficient method whose performance greatly depends on adsorbent design. In this study, we explored the use of jute‐derived carbon as a high‐performance adsorbent for CO2 capture. The carbons were produced by pyrolyzing powdered jute sticks with NaHCO3 as an activating agent at 500–700 °C. Impressive adsorption capacities of up to 2.5 mmol ⋅ g−1 and CO2/N2 selectivities of up to 54 were achieved by adjusting the pore size distribution and surface functionalization. Based on the isotherm results, the working capacities, regenerabilities, and potentials for CO2 separation were determined for a practical vacuum swing adsorption process. The adsorbent materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM and N2 sorption at 77 K. This study provides a general approach for designing adsorbents for various gas‐separation applications.
A longitudinal study of sibling bullying and mental health in autistic adolescents: The role of self‐esteem
Authors: Deniz Emre , Toseeb Umar
Published: July 2023

Sibling bullying is associated with poor mental health in autistic adolescents. The reasons for this remain unknown. In the current study, we attempted to replicate the existing findings on the direct associations between sibling bullying and mental health in autistic adolescents and expand knowledge by focusing on the indirect associations through self‐esteem. We made use of existing data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative UK‐based birth cohort study. We fitted a mediation model to longitudinal data from a sample of 416 autistic adolescents aged 11, 14, and 17 years old who had at least one sibling. We found that sibling bullying was prevalent in the lives of autistic adolescents, especially in those who were late‐diagnosed, had a shared bedroom, and lived in a low‐income household. Additionally, increased sibling bullying in early adolescence was a significant predictor of reduced self‐esteem in mid‐adolescence; in turn, reduced self‐esteem predicted poorer mental health and wellbeing in late adolescence. Our findings indicate that sibling bullying in early adolescence may indirectly lead to poorer mental health and wellbeing in late adolescence through a reduction in self‐esteem in mid‐adolescence in autistic adolescents. We discuss the implications of these findings further.
Supply chain system for a centralized biorefinery system based on switchgrass grown on marginal land in Michigan
Authors: Kim Seungdo , Dale Bruce E. , Basso Bruno , Thelen Kurt , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: July 2023

The feedstock supply chain of a biorefinery is critical in determining the economic and environmental performance of biofuels. This study investigated various feedstock supply chains for a centralized biorefinery based on different objective functions and how the biorefinery responds to supply chain volatility. For the analysis, a hypothetical centralized biorefinery was supplied by switchgrass grown on marginal lands in Michigan. From an economic standpoint, the minimum biofuel selling price is an important metric of the objective function, and the greenhouse gas mitigation potential is a similarly important metric for global warming impact. A trade‐off therefore exists between the economic and environmental performance of biofuels under this system configuration. However, when a carbon tax credit is applied to soil organic carbon sequestration in switchgrass production, the metric of the objective function may not be the key factor in establishing a supply chain as long as it is associated with biorefinery capacity as well as economic or environmental values. Year‐to‐year fluctuations in cellulosic biomass yield (supply chain volatility) might also prevent the biorefinery from operating at full capacity. Cellulosic biomass pellets can serve as an auxiliary feedstock for the centralized cellulosic biorefinery system to minimize the impacts of supply chain volatility.
Sodium Danshensu ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting CLIC4/NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated endothelial cell pyroptosis
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Yang Qiuyue , Zhang Ruifeng , Zhang Yilin , Zeng Wenyun , Yu Qun , Zeng Miao , Gan Jiali , Li Huhu , Yang Lin , Gao Qing , Jiang Xijuan
Published: July 2023

Endothelial pyroptosis promotes cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Sodium Danshensu (SDSS) has been shown to attenuate CIRI and have anti‐inflammatory properties in endothelial cells. However, the mechanism and effect of SDSS on alleviating endothelial pyroptosis after CIRI remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of SDSS in reducing endothelial pyroptosis. It has been shown that SDSS administration inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis. As demonstrated by protein microarrays, molecular docking, CETSA and ITDRFCETSA, SDSS bound strongly to CLIC4. Furthermore, SDSS can decrease its expression and inhibit its translocation. Its effectiveness was lowered by CLIC4 overexpression but not by knockdown. Overall The beneficial effect of SDSS against CIRI in this study can be ascribed to blocking endothelial pyroptosis by binding to CLIC4 and then inhibiting chloride efflux‐dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Hybrid modeling in bioprocess dynamics: Structural variabilities, implementation strategies, and practical challenges
Authors: Mahanty Biswanath
Published: July 2023

Hybrid modeling, with an appropriate blend of the mechanistic and data‐driven framework, is increasingly being adopted in bioprocess modeling, model‐based experimental design (digital‐twin), identification of critical process parameters, and optimization. However, the development of a hybrid model from experimental data is an inherently complex workflow, involving designed experiments, selection of the data‐driven process, identification of model parameters, assessment fitness, and generalization capability. Depending on the complexity of the process system and purpose, each piece of these modules can flexibly be incorporated into the puzzle. However, this extra flexibility can be a cause of concern to trace an “optimal” model structure. In this paper, the development of hybrid models in a common bioprocess system, selection of data‐driven components and their mapping to states, choice of parameter identification techniques, and model quality assurance are revisited. The challenges associated with hybrid‐model development, and corrective actions have also been reviewed. The review also suggests the lack of data, and code sharing in communal repositories can be a hurdle in the exploration, and expansion of those tools in a bioprocess system.
A deep learning model using hyperspectral image for EUS‐FNA cytology diagnosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qin Xianzheng , Zhang Minmin , Zhou Chunhua , Ran Taojing , Pan Yundi , Deng Yingjiao , Xie Xingran , Zhang Yao , Gong Tingting , Zhang Benyan , Zhang Ling , Wang Yan , Li Qingli , Wang Dong , Gao Lili , Zou Duowu
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims

Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS‐FNA/B) is considered to be a first‐line procedure for the pathological diagnosis of pancreatic cancer owing to its high accuracy and low complication rate. The number of new cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is increasing, and its accurate pathological diagnosis poses a challenge for cytopathologists. Our aim was to develop a hyperspectral imaging (HSI)‐based convolution neural network (CNN) algorithm to aid in the diagnosis of pancreatic EUS‐FNA cytology specimens.

Methods

HSI images were captured of pancreatic EUS‐FNA cytological specimens from benign pancreatic tissues (n = 33) and PDAC (n = 39) prepared using a liquid‐based cytology method. A CNN was established to test the diagnostic performance, and Attribution Guided Factorization Visualization (AGF‐Visualization) was used to visualize the regions of important classification features identified by the model.

Results

A total of 1913 HSI images were obtained. Our ResNet18‐SimSiam model achieved an accuracy of 0.9204, sensitivity of 0.9310 and specificity of 0.9123 (area under the curve of 0.9625) when trained on HSI images for the differentiation of PDAC cytological specimens from benign pancreatic cells. AGF‐Visualization confirmed that the diagnoses were based on the features of tumor cell nuclei.

Conclusions

An HSI‐based model was developed to diagnose cytological PDAC specimens obtained using EUS‐guided sampling. Under the supervision of experienced cytopathologists, we performed multi‐staged consecutive in‐depth learning of the model. Its superior diagnostic performance could be of value for cytologists when diagnosing PDAC.
The Membrane Phospholipidomics Research of Oxidatively Damaged INS‐1 Pancreatic Beta Cells Intervened by the Effective Constituents of Anemarrhenae Asphodeloides Rhizoma
Authors: Xie Luming , Zhang Jing , Zeng Pingyan , Feng Yifan , Wu Xia
Published: July 2023

The rhizoma of Anemarrhenae asphodeloides has a long history of hypoglycemic use in Chinese traditional medicine. In this article, 400 μmol/L H2O2 induced normal INS‐1 pancreatic beta cells to establish experimental model of oxidative damage. Quercetin was used as a positive drug, and mangiferin and its ethanolic extract were selected as therapeutic agents in an oxidative damage model to evaluate the ameliorative effect of the active ingredients of Anemarrhenae asphodeloides rhizoma on oxidative damage in INS‐1 pancreatic β‐cells. Building a qualitative analysis method of membrane phospholipids of INS‐1 pancreatic beta cells and identified 82 phospholipids based on the UPLC/Q‐TOF MS technology, which could provide a database for further statistics analysis. OPLS‐DA was used to screen the phospholipid biomarkers from the raw data. Exploring the biological significances of these biomarkers, and discussing the toxic effect of the effective components of Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizoma, on oxidatively damaged INS‐1 pancreatic beta cell.
Seasonal and Circadian Evaluation of the Essential Oil of Dizygostemon riparius (Plantaginaceae), a Wild Flavoring Herb from East Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Galvão Francielton S. , da Rocha Cláudia Q. , Monteiro Odair S. , Figueiredo Pablo Luis B. , Santos Paulo Vinicius L. , Maia José Guilherme S.
Published: July 2023

Dizygostemon riparius (Plantaginaceae) is an aromatic herbal species known as “Melosa”, endemic to the Municipality of São Benedito do Rio Preto, East Maranhão state, Brazil. It has a refreshing and pleasant aroma and is used for food flavoring and controlling domestic animal parasites. This work aimed to evaluate the seasonal and circadian influence on the composition and production of essential oils (EOs) from D. riparius. The plant aerial parts were hydrodistilled, and the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The seasonal study was conducted from August 2019 to July 2020, and the circadian study in dry (November) and rainy (May) periods, at 6 am, 12 am, and 6 pm. The results showed that the medium EOs yield was 2.8 %, and the primary constituents (>2 %) were endo‐fenchyl acetate (30.5–42.1 %) and endo‐fenchol (31.6–37.4 %), (E)‐caryophyllene (2.8–7.6 %), α‐fenchene (3.3–6.5 %), p‐cymene (0.7–4.5 %), and caryophyllene oxide (1.4–2.7 %). Yield and composition of EOs did not significantly correlate with the climatic parameters, but their seasonal percentages influenced their two main components due to precipitation and solar radiation environmental factors. Quantitative variability in the EOs composition during the dry and rainy seasons was observed in the circadian period. These data may be significant for the plant's economic use.
Black Phosphorus as Promoter for Noble Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Provinciali Giacomo , Filippi Jonathan , Lavacchi Alessandro , Caporali Stefano , Banchelli Martina , Serrano‐Ruiz Manuel , Peruzzini Maurizio , Caporali Maria
Published: July 2023

Photocatalysts which are stable to photocorrosion and noble metal‐free, are highly desirable to achieve a light‐driven hydrogen production which satisfies the criteria of low production cost and environmental sustainability. Herein, a new heterostructure TiO2/BP/CoP has been developed, in which the BP nanosheets interact strongly with TiO2 and CoP, speeding up the transfer of photogenerated electrons and thus increasing H2 production. Once BP is added to TiO2 (P25) as only 1 % wt., the H2 evolution rate increases up to 4 times reaching a value of 830 μmol/g ⋅ h under UV‐Vis light irradiation. By integrating CoP nanoparticles as a cocatalyst up to 2 % wt., H2 production is further promoted to 7400 μmol/g ⋅ h, 37 times higher than pristine TiO2. Photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance measurements show that this heterostructure achieves a much more efficient charge separation and reduction of the internal resistance in comparison to pristine TiO2. Combining these data with UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance and Mott‐Schottky, a plausible mechanism was proposed.