bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonar image recognition of underwater target based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Jin Leilei , LIANG Hong , Yang Changsheng
Published: June 2021

Underwater target recognition is one core technology of underwater unmanned detection. To improve the accuracy of underwater automatic target recognition, a sonar image recognition method based on convolutional neural network was proposed and the underwater target recognition model was established according to the characteristics of sonar images. Firstly, the sonar image was segmented and clipped with a saliency detection method to reduce the dimension of input data, and to reduce the interference of image background to the feature extraction process. Secondly, by using stacked convolutional layers and pooling layers, the high-level semantic information of the target was automatically learned from the input sonar image, to avoid damaging the effective information caused by extracting image features manually. Finally, the spatial pyramid pooling method was used to extract the multi-scale information from the sonar feature maps, which was to make up for the lack of detailed information of sonar images and solve the problem caused by the inconsistent size of input images. On the collected sonar image dataset, the experimental results show that the target recognition accuracy of the present method can recognize underwater targets more accurately and efficiently than the conventional convolutional neural networks.
Design on adaptive weighted guidance law for underwater intelligent vehicle tracking target
Authors: Liang Zengshun , Feng Xi’,an , Xue Yu
Published: June 2021

In future naval warfare, the accurate attack of underwater intelligent vehicles on targets will become more and more important. Therefore, it is very important to study the guiding method which has the key influence on tracking targets. In the guidance process of intelligent navigation system, the estimation of guidance information by the agent is influenced by confrontation and interference, which often results in the decrease of the guidance accuracy of UUV under the single guidance law. In this paper, the estimated information is classified according to the different types of guidance target information combining to the advantages of three guidance methods, namely fixed advance angle, extended proportional guidance law and adaptive sliding mode guidance law. Then the fuzzy weight coefficient calculation method is used to get the weight coefficients of all kinds of information to form the adaptive weighted guidance law. The target tracking effects of each guidance method is simulated and compared in the simulation environment of the target maneuver and the target non-maneuver respectively.
Die Rolle des Mikrobioms bei urologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Atzler Michael , Westhofen Thilo , Tamalunas Alexander , Schott Melanie , Keller Patrick , Ebner Benedikt , Stief Christian , Magistro Giuseppe
Published: June 2021

Der Einsatz moderner molekularer Technologien gab uns im letzten Jahrzehnt neue Einblicke in die komplexen Interaktionen des menschlichen Mikrobioms in Bezug auf Gesundheit und Krankheitsentstehung. Hierbei wurde unter anderem das Sterilitätskonzept des Harntrakts verworfen, sodass man sich nun als Ziel gesetzt hat, die verschiedenen mikrobiellen Signaturen zu identifizieren, die mit diversen Erkrankungen assoziiert sind. So stehen Dysbalancen des Mikrobioms zunehmend im Verdacht, negative Auswirkungen auf diverse maligne und benigne Krankheitsbilder zu verursachen. Kürzlich konnten solche Zusammenhänge auch für das Prostatakarzinom, Nierenzellkarzinom und Harnblasenkarzinom gezeigt werden. Das Ergebnis hiervon ist die Entdeckung potenziell neuer Biomarker zur Diagnostik und als Therapieziel der genannten Erkrankungen. Für die Diagnostik einiger benigner Krankheitsbilder wie der interstitiellen Zystitis, der Dranginkontinenz und der chronischen Prostatitis bzw. dem chronischen Beckenschmerzsyndrom galt eine mikrobielle Beteiligung bislang als Ausschlusskriterium. Jedoch zeigen auch hier die aktuellen Studien, dass das patientenindividuelle Mikrobiom durchaus Einfluss auf Entstehung und Ausprägung der jeweiligen Erkrankung haben kann.
Stationsäquivalente Behandlung – Vergleich von Direktaufnahmen mit Überweisungen von psychiatrischen Stationen
Authors: Klocke Luisa , Brieger Peter , Ketisch Eva , Hamann Johannes
Published: June 2021

Ziel der Studie Die stationsäquivalente Behandlung (StäB) stellt eine Alternative zur stationären Krankenhausbehandlung dar. Im StäB München wird etwa die Hälfte der Patienten direkt aufgenommen und die andere Hälfte von Stationen zuverlegt. Bislang fehlen Daten, wie sich diese beiden Gruppen unterscheiden.

Methodik Auswertung der Daten aller Patienten der ersten 13 Monate der Münchener StäB (N = 169).

Ergebnisse Direktaufnahmen hatten häufiger affektive Erkrankungen, waren weniger schwer krank, zeigten seltener eine Sprachbarriere und gingen öfter einer Erwerbstätigkeit nach. Bei 66 % der Verlegungen war bei stationärer Aufnahme mindestens ein Ausschlusskriterium für eine StäB dokumentiert. Die Dauer der StäB-Behandlung unterschied sich für die beiden Gruppen nicht relevant.

Schlussfolgerung StäB stellt auch für Patienten, die zunächst die StäB-Einschlusskriterien nicht erfüllen, eine Möglichkeit der Behandlung im Anschluss an eine gewisse Stabilisierung dar.
Preparation and Standardization of Nosodes Sourced from Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhi, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Candida Albicans Strains
Authors: Munshi Renuka , Talele Gitanjali , Shah Rajesh
Published: June 2021

Background Homeopathic nosodes prepared from organisms and pathological tissues have shown biological effects, encouraging more research. There is a need to develop some new nosodes systematically and to re-make others that were developed over a century ago. In our program of work on nosodes, the bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae (BAA 2146), Salmonella typhi and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC 43069), and the single-celled fungus Candida albicans (24433, 26790, and 60193) have been identified for preparation.

Materials and Methods The systematic and scientific method of preparation of nosodes includes identification, culture, quantification, characterization, preparation, and standardization. Under laminar flow, a suspension of respective bacterial and fungal cells (20 billion cells/mL) was processed as per the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India (HPI). Culture tests, sterility tests and molecular testing (polymerase chain reaction) were performed to establish the absence of contamination, live organisms and DNA material.

Results K. pneumoniae, S. typhi (single, bivalent, or polyvalent), N. gonorrhoeae, and C. albicans nosodes (single and polyvalent) were sourced and prepared from different strains of respective cultures. The nosode preparations were processed by serial dilution and potentization, normally following the HPI guidelines. Molecular test results showed the absence of live organisms or DNA material; culture and sterility test results demonstrated the safety profile of the potentized nosodes.

Conclusion K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, N. gonorrhoeae and C. albicans nosodes were successfully prepared. Their therapeutic potential may now be evaluated.
In-Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Candida albicans Nosodes
Authors: Munshi Renuka , Talele Gitanjali , Shah Rajesh
Published: June 2021

Background This study presents the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay of a series of nosodes: namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Candida albicans. Each was tested against its corresponding infection as well as cross infections.

Methods In-vitro efficacy of polyvalent nosodes was tested using the MIC assay technique. The nosodes, namely C. albicans polyvalent nosode (35c, 100c), N. gonorrhoeae (35c), K. pneumoniae (35c, 100c), E. coli polyvalent nosode (35c, 100c) and Salmonella typhi polyvalent nosode (30c, 100c), were tested along with positive and negative controls. Nosodes were studied in different potencies and at 1:1 dilution.

Results C. albicans polyvalent nosode 35c, 100c, N. gonorrhoeae 35c, and positive control amphotericin B showed inhibition of the growth of C. albicans species. K. pneumoniae 35c, E. coli polyvalent nosode 100c, and meropenem (positive control) showed inhibition of the growth of K. pneumoniae; this effect was not seen with ceftriaxone, ofloxacin and amoxicillin antibiotics. E. coli polyvalent nosode 30c in 10% alcohol (direct and dilution 1:1) and the positive controls ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and amoxicillin showed inhibition of the growth of E. coli. The S. typhi polyvalent nosode 30c in 10% alcohol showed inhibition of growth of S. typhi.

Conclusion This study reveals that the tested nosodes exhibited antibacterial potential against the corresponding micro-organisms and against other selected organisms studied using this assay.
Do Physical Activity and Sleep Correlate with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Total Hip Arthroplasty?
Authors: Tang Alex , Behery Omar A. , Singh Vivek , Yeroushalmi David , Davidovitch Roy , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: June 2021

Patients have increasingly high expectations of return to activity following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The current literature demonstrates marked improvements in subjective patient-reported satisfaction, and pain and functional outcomes following THA. However, there is limited evidence showing objective improvement in gait and sleep measures. The purpose of this study was to compare accelerometry-measured physical activity and sleep to patient-reported outcomes following THA.

A nonrandomized, prospective cohort study was performed at a single institution from 2017 to 2019. Patients were included in the study if they were ≥ 18 years old, had a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the hip, and were undergoing primary, elective THA. Eligible patients received a tracker device upon enrollment which recorded the average number of daily steps and minutes slept at baseline, 1 to 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement (HOOS Jr) scores were recorded at the same intervals. Paired two-tailed t-tests and chi-squared analyses were performed to compare means. Pearson correlation tests were utilized to determine the correlation between objective measurements and HOOS Jr.

Fifty subjects were enrolled, however, only 41 had sufficient data for analysis at 3-month follow-up. Patients demonstrated improved HOOS Jr scores from preoperatively to 2 weeks (p < 0.001) and 3 months (p < 0.001) postoperatively. Average daily steps ambulated and minutes slept preoperatively were statistically similar to average daily steps and minutes slept 3 months postoperatively (p = 0.67 and p = 0.24, respectively). Pearson correlation models only detected a weak negative correlation between average steps preop and preop HOOS Jr (r = –0.401, p = 0.013).

Patients returned to similar ambulation distances and sleep time by 3 months postoperatively. Changes in accelerometry-measured activity level and sleep may not correlate with functional outcomes in early follow-ups after THA. While patients report improvements in subjective clinical outcomes, our findings suggest a return to preoperative levels in objective measures at 3 months post-THA.
Acetabular Labral Tear Dimensions and Number of Suture Anchors Used to Repair in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Dumont Guillaume D. , Pacana Matthew J. , Money Adam J. , Ergen Thomas J. , Barnes Allen J. , Their Zachary T.
Published: June 2021

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is commonly associated with acetabular labral tears. Correction of impingement morphology and suture anchor repair of labral tears have demonstrated successful early and midterm patient-reported outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the posterior and anterior extent and size of labral tears in patients with FAIS undergoing arthroscopic labral repair, and to evaluate the number of suture anchors required to repair these tears. The design of this study was retrospective case series (Level 4). A single surgeon's operative database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients undergoing primary arthroscopic hip labral repair between November 2014 and September 2019. Patient-specific factors and radiographic measurements were recorded. Arthroscopic findings including labral tear posterior and anterior extents, and the number of suture anchors utilized for the repair were recorded. Linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with labral tear size. The number of suture anchors used relative to labral tear size was calculated. Three-hundred and thirteen patients were included in the study. The mean posterior and anterior extent for labral tears were 11:22 ± 52 and 2:20 ± 34 minutes, respectively. Mean tear size was 2 hours, 58 minutes ± 45 minutes. The mean number of suture anchors utilized for labral repair was 3.1 ± 0.7. The mean number of anchors per hour of labral tear was 1.1 ± 0.3. Increased age, lateral center edge angle, and α angle were associated with larger labral tears. Our study found that acetabular labral tears associated with FAIS are, on average, 3 hours in size and centered in the anterosuperior quadrant of the acetabulum. Arthroscopic labral repair required 1.1 anchors per hour of tear size, resulting in a mean of 3.1 anchors per repair.
Poor Functional Outcomes in Pediatric Intensive Care Survivors in Brazil: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Dannenberg Vanessa C. , Borba Gabrielle C. , Rovedder Paula M. E. , Carvalho Paulo R. A.
Published: June 2021

Survivors of pediatric critical illnesses develop temporary or permanent functional impairments. We do not have enough data on Brazilian children, however, and the available evidence mainly shows results from high-income countries. Our objective was to assess changes in the functional status of children and adolescents surviving critical illnesses in Brazil, and to identify which factors contribute to these functional changes at pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) discharge. To develop this cross-sectional study, two researchers blinded to previous patient information applied the Functional Status Scale (FSS) with patients and caregivers at two different times in a tertiary PICU. The FSS examines six function domains as follows: (1) mental status, (2) sensory functioning, (3) communication, (4) motor functioning, (5) feeding, and (6) respiratory status. The functional decline/poor outcome was defined as an increase in points sufficient to alter the FSS total scores at discharge when comparing to the total baseline score. A total of 303 patients completed the study. Of these, 199 (66%) were with previous chronic conditions. The prevalence of functional decrease was 68% at PICU discharge. Young age (<12 months) and mechanical ventilation time ≥11 days increased by 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.74, p < 0.001) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.49–2.03, p < 0.001), respectively, the chances of poor functional results at PICU discharge. This study is the first in Brazil to show that during the episode of critical illness, young age (≤12 months) and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation independently increased the chances of functional impairment in children.
The effect of electric field and other external controls on plasma spokes
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: June 2021

Simulation divulges rotating spoke formation and dynamics in partially magnetized E x B plasma configurations.
Development of compact inductive energy storage pulsed-power generator driven by 13 kV SiC-MOSFET
Authors: Takahashi Katsuyuki , Saito Ryo , Onodera Taichiro , Takaki Koichi , Kitai Hidenori , Sakamoto Kunihiro
Published: June 2021

A compact inductive energy storage (IES) pulsed-power generator that is driven by a novel 13 kV silicon carbide (SiC)-MOSFET is developed and molded into a compact modified TO-268. In this article, the switching characteristics required for IES pulsed-power generator development are evaluated. The maximum slew rates at MOSFET turn-on and turn-off are 157 and 129 kV/μs, respectively, at an input voltage of 10 kV. The maximum current flow from the drain to the source terminal is limited to 128 A during short-circuit switching. The on-resistance between the drain and source terminals increases during the SiC-MOSFET’s on state. It increases with the voltage and its minimum value is 1.07 Ω. These characteristics show that the device is suitable for use as an opening switch because of its low on-resistance and rapid large-current cutoff at high operating voltages. The characteristics of an IES pulsed-power generator composed of a SiC-MOSFET, a capacitor, and a pulsed transformer with a turn ratio of 5:15 are also evaluated. The output voltage peak and full width at half maximum reach 31.4 kV and 55 ns, respectively, at a charging voltage of 1100 V. The maximum energy transfer efficiency is 50.2% of the input energy with a load resistance of 2.5 kΩ. The results show that the MOSFET has excellent potential to support the development of a compact plasma generation system that offers better performance pulsed-power generators driven by semiconductor devices.
Conformational analysis of tannic acid: Environment effects in electronic and reactivity properties
Authors: Petry Romana , Focassio Bruno , Schleder Gabriel R. , Martinez Diego Stéfani T. , Fazzio Adalberto
Published: June 2021

Polyphenols are natural molecules of crucial importance in many applications, of which tannic acid (TA) is one of the most abundant and established. Most high-value applications require precise control of TA interactions with the system of interest. However, the molecular structure of TA is still not comprehended at the atomic level, of which all electronic and reactivity properties depend. Here, we combine an enhanced sampling global optimization method with density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations to explore the conformational space of TA assisted by unsupervised machine learning visualization and then investigate its lowest energy conformers. We study the external environment’s effect on the TA structure and properties. We find that vacuum favors compact structures by stabilizing peripheral atoms’ weak interactions, while in water, the molecule adopts more open conformations. The frontier molecular orbitals of the conformers with the lowest harmonic vibrational free energy have a HOMO–LUMO energy gap of 2.21 (3.27) eV, increasing to 2.82 (3.88) eV in water, at the DFT generalized gradient approximation (and hybrid) level of theory. Structural differences also change the distribution of potential reactive sites. We establish the fundamental importance of accurate structural consideration in determining TA and related polyphenol interactions in relevant technological applications.
A pL-fL grade micro-dispensing by pipetting needle glue liquid transfer
Authors: Liu Huifang , Chen Xi , Sun Xingwei , Gao Quanxiang , Qiao Kaiqing
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, micro–nanomanufacturing technology and micro–nanodevices have seen some development, but many micro–nanodevices and microelectromechanical systems have not been practically used as products. This is because dispensing technology used in micro–nanosize encapsulation and assembly is one of the main obstacles, such as the size of the glue point, the amount of glue, and precision. In this paper, on the basis of the principle of transfer printing, an ultra-microautomatic dispenser method of pL-fL grade pipetting needle glue transfer type is proposed. This method involves controlling the pipetting needle pass through the capillary tube filled with glue liquid by the precision micro-displacement drive platform, making the terminal of the pipetting needle attach to a trace amount of adhesive, and then leaving a part of the glue liquid on the base plane to form tiny glue points using the adhesive force of glue liquid in contact with the base plane and the pulling force of the drive platform on glue liquid. The diameter of the glue point is about dozens of microns, and the amount of glue is pL of magnitude. In this paper, the dispensing process was simulated under different parameters, and the main factors affecting the dispensing process were preliminarily determined. The influence law of the diameter of the pipetting needle, movement speed, and residence time on the diameter of the glue point was analyzed by orthogonal experiment. On the basis of the influencing factors and laws obtained above, the automatic distribution of fL grade glue liquid was realized through a reasonable configuration of parameters. The minimum diameter of the glue point was 13.2 µm, and the volume was 26.3 fL.
Experimental validation of a microstrip antenna model for high-T
c superconducting terahertz emitters
Authors: Kuwano Genki , Tsujimoto Manabu , Kaneko Youta , Nagayama Kanae , Imai Takayuki , Ono Yukino , Kusunose Shinji , Yuhara Takuya , Minami Hidetoshi , Kashiwagi Takanari , Kadowaki Kazuo
Published: June 2021

We experimentally verified a proposed microstrip antenna model for high-Tc superconducting coherent terahertz emitters. We attached conductive metal patches to single crystalline Bi2Sr2CuCu2O8+δ mesas to probe the electromagnetic resonance conditions near the mesa sidewalls, where the coherent terahertz radiation is emitted. A systematic experiment reveals that an internal cavity resonance, which is an essential ingredient for outside radiation, remains unaltered by the presence of the ambient microstrip patterns. We found that an emission frequency is well predicted by the proposed model and that, in contrast to the conventional microstrip antenna, the internal cavity mode is more robust to the external microstrip patterns than expected from the proposed model. The experimental result requires us to modify the model to allow for a spontaneous synchronization of intrinsic Josephson oscillations that stimulates the stable excitation of the internal cavity resonance.
A parameter-optimized variational mode decomposition method using salp swarm algorithm and its application to acoustic-based detection for internal defects of arc magnets
Authors: Huang Qinyuan , Liu Xin , Li Qiang , Zhou Ying , Yang Tian , Ran Maoxia
Published: June 2021

The acoustic-based detection is regarded as an effective way to detect the internal defects of arc magnets. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) has a significant potential to provide a favorable acoustic signal analysis for such detection. However, the performance of VMD heavily depends on the proper parameter setting. The existing optimization methods for determining the optimal VMD parameter setting still expose shortcomings, including slow convergences, excessive iterations, and local optimum traps. Therefore, a parameter-optimized VMD method using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is proposed. In this method, the relationship between the VMD parameters and their decomposition performance is quantified as a fitness function, the minimum value of which indicates the optimal parameter setting. SSA is used to search for such a minimum value from the parameter space. With the optimized parameters, each signal can be decomposed accurately into a series of modes representing signal components. The center frequencies are extracted from the selected modes as feature data, and their identification is performed by random forest. The experimental results demonstrated that the detection accuracy is above 98%. The proposed method has superior performance in the VMD parameter optimization as well as the acoustic-based internal defect detection of arc magnets.
Fifty million years of beetle evolution along the Antarctic Polar Front
Authors: Baird Helena P. , Shin Seunggwan , Oberprieler Rolf G. , Hullé Maurice , Vernon Philippe , Moon Katherine L. , Adams Richard H. , McKenna Duane D. , Chown Steven L.
Published: June 2021

Significance

The Antarctic environment is famously inhospitable to most terrestrial biodiversity, traditionally viewed as a driver of species extinction. Combining population- and species-level molecular data, we show that beetles on islands along the Antarctic Polar Front diversified in response to major climatic events over the last 50 Ma in surprising synchrony with the region’s marine organisms. Unique algae- and moss-feeding habits enabled beetles to capitalize on cooling conditions, which resulted in a decline in flowering plants—the typical hosts for beetles elsewhere. Antarctica’s cooling paleoclimate thus fostered the diversification of both terrestrial and marine life. Climatically driven evolutionary processes since the Miocene may underpin much of the region’s diversity, are still ongoing, and should be further investigated among Antarctic biota.
Production and trade.
Authors: Ballen Fredy H. , Evans Edward A.
Published: June 2021

This chapter provides an overview of guava fruit world production, exports, imports and consumption trends, with the focus on US and European markets.
Plant nutrition and irrigation.
Authors: Mitra Sisir
Published: June 2021

This chapter focuses on plant nutrition and irrigation in guava production. Information is given on soil, salinity, nutrient uptake, role of nutrients, fertilizer rate and time of application, foliar application, integrated nutrient management, tissue analysis, organic production, water management, and fertigation.
Photosynthesis and productivity.
Authors: Singh Vinod K. , Soni Manoj K.
Published: June 2021

Knowledge on the responses of guava to environmental factors such as light, temperature, water availability and CO2 concentration is essential to determine the effect of suboptimal environmental conditions and to manage the crop for maximum productivity. This chapter aims to highlight the current understanding and the possible effects of environmental factors on the whole physiology of guava trees as expressed by growth, yield, fruit quality and photosynthetic features. Possible areas of future research are also suggested.
Diseases.
Authors: Misra Ashok K.
Published: June 2021

This chapter focuses on different diseases of guava. Information is given on losses, symptoms, causal organism, epidemiology, and disease management.
The global cut flower and foliage marketplace.
Authors: Faust James E. , Dole John M.
Published: June 2021

This chapter describes the evolving geography of cut flower and foliage markets, and identifies the factors driving the location of cut flower production. It also identifies the major cut flower species grown and sold internationally followed by descriptions of the production and markets by continent and country. The chapter also diagrams the increasingly diverse and complex ways that flowers are marketed and travel from the growers to the final customers, and then describes the trends that are driving the industry in new directions.
Diaspora as a soft power in India’s foreign policy towards Singapore
Authors: Mohapatra Atanu , Tripathi Aparna
Published: June 2021

India’s connections with Southeast Asia are rooted in history in terms of geography, civilization, culture, economy and strategy. These connections became deeper since the 1990s as India initiated the policy of ‘Look East’ that resulted in manifold growth with ASEAN and Singapore. The initiation of ‘Look East Policy’ opened the door for Singaporean Indians for investments and interaction with their motherland. Through the ‘Look East Policy’ the distance between India and ASEAN ended and India was connected with this region and especially Singapore through trade relations. With this policy, India was able to enter this region and this was the chance for the Indian people to revitalize and energize their social and cultural bonds with their motherland (Pande 2017). These relations were further intensified after 2014 as Prime Minister Narendra Modi officially launched ‘Act East Policy’. While ‘Look East Policy’ was launched by India in the backdrop of the critical economic situation, the ‘Act East Policy’ is aimed at strengthening our relations in terms of cultural, political and strategic dimensions. Therefore, this paper aims to study and analyse the role of the Indian diaspora as a soft power for making strong bilateral bonds between India and Singapore with special reference to the political and economic scenario.
Estimation of microtexture region orientation distribution functions using eddy current data
Authors: Homa Laura , Cherry Matthew , Wertz John
Published: June 2021

Microtexture regions (MTRs) within titanium alloys are collections of grains with similar crystallographic orientation. The presence of MTRs can be detrimental to the life of an engine component; as such, a method to detect and characterize MTRs is needed. One potential technique to characterize MTRs is eddy current (EC) testing, which is a nondestructive evaluation technique that is sensitive to the changes in local conductivity due to changes in local crystallographic orientation. While it has been established in the literature that EC methods are sensitive to the presence of MTRs, work has begun only recently to determine the ability of EC to characterize MTRs. In this work, we develop an algorithm to estimate the orientation distribution function of an MTR of interest using EC data. The method relies on an application of the central limit theorem, and the inverse problem is solved in using a likelihood-free technique. Numerical examples using simulated EC data are shown.
Dissipative preparation of W states in trapped ion systems
Authors: Cole Daniel C , Wu Jenny J , Erickson Stephen D , Hou Pan-Yu , Wilson Andrew C , Leibfried Dietrich , Reiter Florentin
Published: June 2021

We present protocols for dissipative entanglement of three trapped-ion qubits and discuss a scheme that uses sympathetic cooling as the dissipation mechanism. This scheme relies on tailored destructive interference to generate any one of six entangled W states in a three-ion qubit space. Using a beryllium–magnesium ion crystal as an example system, we theoretically investigate the protocol’s performance and the effects of likely error sources, including thermal secular motion of the ion crystal, calibration imperfections, and spontaneous photon scattering. We estimate that a fidelity of ∼98% may be achieved in typical trapped ion experiments with ∼1 ms interaction time. These protocols avoid timescale hierarchies for faster preparation of entangled states.
Explosive synchronization of multi-layer complex networks based on inter-layer star network connection
Authors: Jin Yan-Liang , Guo Run-Zhu , Yu Xiao-Qi , Shen Li-Quan
Published: June 2021

Explosive synchronization (ES) is a first-order transition phenomenon that is ubiquitous in various physical and biological systems. In recent years, researchers have focused on explosive synchronization in a single-layer network, but few in multi-layer networks. This paper proposes a frequency-weighted Kuramoto model in multi-layer complex networks with star connection between layers and analyzes the factors affecting the backward critical coupling strength by both theoretical analysis and numerical validation. Our results show that the backward critical coupling strength of each layer network is influenced by the inter-layer interaction strength and the average degree. The number of network layers, the number of nodes, and the network topology can not directly affect the synchronization of the network. Enhancing the inter-layer interaction strength can prevent the emergence of explosive synchronization and increasing the average degree can promote the generation of explosive synchronization.
Energy system developments and investments in the decisive decade for the Paris Agreement goals
Authors: Bertram Christoph , Riahi Keywan , Hilaire Jérôme , Bosetti Valentina , Drouet Laurent , Fricko Oliver , Malik Aman , Nogueira Larissa Pupo , van der Zwaan Bob , van Ruijven Bas , van Vuuren Detlef , Weitzel Matthias , Longa Francesco Dalla , de Boer Harmen-Sytze , Emmerling Johannes , Fosse Florian , Fragkiadakis Kostas , Harmsen Mathijs , Keramidas Kimon , Kishimoto Paul Natsuo , Kriegler Elmar , Krey Volker , Paroussos Leonidas , Saygin Deger , Vrontisi Zoi , Luderer Gunnar
Published: June 2021

The Paris Agreement does not only stipulate to limit the global average temperature increase to well below 2 °C, it also calls for ‘making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions’. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand the implications of climate targets for energy systems and quantify the associated investment requirements in the coming decade. A meaningful analysis must however consider the near-term mitigation requirements to avoid the overshoot of a temperature goal. It must also include the recently observed fast technological progress in key mitigation options. Here, we use a new and unique scenario ensemble that limit peak warming by construction and that stems from seven up-to-date integrated assessment models. This allows us to study the near-term implications of different limits to peak temperature increase under a consistent and up-to-date set of assumptions. We find that ambitious immediate action allows for limiting median warming outcomes to well below 2 °C in all models. By contrast, current nationally determined contributions for 2030 would add around 0.2 °C of peak warming, leading to an unavoidable transgression of 1.5 °C in all models, and 2 °C in some. In contrast to the incremental changes as foreseen by current plans, ambitious peak warming targets require decisive emission cuts until 2030, with the most substantial contribution to decarbonization coming from the power sector. Therefore, investments into low-carbon power generation need to increase beyond current levels to meet the Paris goals, especially for solar and wind technologies and related system enhancements for electricity transmission, distribution and storage. Estimates on absolute investment levels, up-scaling of other low-carbon power generation technologies and investment shares in less ambitious scenarios vary considerably across models. In scenarios limiting peak warming to below 2 °C, while coal is phased out quickly, oil and gas are still being used significantly until 2030, albeit at lower than current levels. This requires continued investments into existing oil and gas infrastructure, but investments into new fields in such scenarios might not be needed. The results show that credible and effective policy action is essential for ensuring efficient allocation of investments aligned with medium-term climate targets.
Analysis on Deformation and Stability of Tunnel Anchor Excavation under Broken Rock Mass
Authors: Qing Yuan , Ziping Zhang , Qihuan Xiong , Shihao Chen
Published: June 2021

Based on the concrete engineering support of the tunnel anchor of the Dadu River Bridge on the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, the geological background of broken rock mass, extremely developed joints and fissures, and poor self-stability of surrounding rock within the range of side anchors in Chengdu, a three-dimensional elastoplastic numerical calculation method is used. The current engineering geological conditions and the tunnel anchor design plan are to establish a three-dimensional fine numerical simulation model of the Chengdu side tunnel anchor that comprehensively considers rock mass unloading, stratum classification, and anchor tunnel excavation and support structure. The “excavation-support” process in each construction footage is simulated to realize the three-dimensional calculation of the dynamic construction and support of anchor tunnels, and to study the surrounding rock deformation, stress and plastic zone distribution changes during the excavation process. Comprehensive analysis found that the deformation of surrounding rock during excavation shows that it develops toward the empty surface, and the displacement distribution is obviously affected by the distribution of ground stress and rock formation. The greater the buried depth, the greater the deformation of the surrounding rock.
Analysis of the Existing Seismic-Resistant Concrete Structure
Authors: Ling Xiaoming
Published: June 2021

The seismic-resistant concrete structure is an important component in the buildings and plays a key role in many countries, like Japan, Philippine and America. Different from traditional ways, the use of precast concrete in those areas is feasible now. Regardless of the progress in the area of precast concrete, the major problem of joint technology persists. This paper aims to review the existing precast concrete structures and some other seismic-resistant concrete structures. It is concluded from this review that the performance of precast concrete is the same as traditional methods and has its benefits in construction and economic aspects.
Vibration Response of Brick Concrete Buliding under Shaft Blasting
Authors: Gao Shang , Ji Xinyu , Ding Xinyu , Wang Hailiang , Jiang Shibin , Zhao Chen
Published: June 2021

During the blasting construction, the problem of building vibration caused by blasting cannot be ignored. Therefore, this paper uses the measured blasting seismic wave of a shaft in Qingdao Metro as the input parameter to conduct numerical simulation to research the influence of blasting vibration of shaft on brick concrete bulidings. The results show that The Z-direction vibration velocity has obvious local amplification on the roof, and the amplification factor is 1.4-1.9 relative to the top floor. The magnification factor on the backward side is smaller than the magnification factor on the frontward side, and the elevation magnification effect gradually weakens as the elevation difference increases. HHT (Hilbert-Huang Transform) method is used to analyze blasting seismic wave signals, when the blasting seismic wave propagates from the first floor of the brick concrete buliding to the roof, the energy is reduced by about 67%-80%. The frequency band of 0-30 Hz is the main range of blasting energy distribution in brick concrete buildings, and attention should be paid to resonance phenomenon.
Study on settlement characteristics of deep soft strata by vacuum preloading
Authors: Li Hao , Li Xuesong , Qin Xing
Published: June 2021

In order to study the vacuum preloading settlement characteristics of Hengli Island soft strata, the monitoring data of the vacuum preloading area are analyzed, and the hyperbolic method and the three-points method are used to predict the final settlement. The results show that the variation trend of settlement, vacuum degree and water level has a high consistency. The larger the calculated data span, the larger the calculated result. The three-points method is closer to the measured value than the hyperbolic method, the ratio of the three-points method to the measured value was 94%∼110%, and the latter 110%∼120%. However, the three-points method is sensitive to settlement saltation, and the calculation result error will be large if the calculated data span the saltation region, while the hyperbolic method is not sensitive to settlement saltation. According to the settlement rate and predicted settlement, the unloading time is earlier than the actual unloading time, which provides a reference for the reasonable evaluation of the unloading time and the reduction of the low-efficiency preloading time.
Methods to Improve the Performance of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Shu Muwei
Published: June 2021

Aluminum alloy has a lot of benefits including high strength, great ductility and low density. It is widely used in vehicle engineering, aviation, aerospace and so on. However, there is a higher requirement for aluminum alloy in these fields. For instance, higher strength, higher hardness, higher elongation and other performances are needed. Changing the content of certain elements, combination with graphene, plasma spraying and heat treatment might be four effective methods to improve the performance of the aluminum alloy. The experiments verify the effectiveness of each method. Still, there should be more studies on these methods to reveal the principle of each method.
Analysis on deformation characteristics of Hengli Island soft strata by vacuum preloading
Authors: Li Xuesong , Li Yongzhi
Published: June 2021

The deformation monitoring value of Hengli Island soft strata by vacuum preloading was analyzed. The results show that the vertical settlement and lateral displacement of strata mainly occur in the first 20 days. The negative pressure attenuation at different positions is quite different, and the average negative pressure attenuation rate with depth is about 3.2kPa/m. The difference of additional stress by the overlying water leads to the average settlement of the central area of the preloading area is greater than that of the marginal area. The settlement calculation results of Layered Summation Method are basically consistent with the measured values. According to the lateral displacement law of different projects, it is concluded that the lateral displacement has a progressive relationship with the vacuum preloading area half width, the prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) length and the vertical settlement ratio of about 10 times, and the calculated value of lateral displacement agrees well with the measured value.
Research on influencing factors of rubber concrete performance based on grey correlation theory
Authors: Zhao Z F , Chen C L , Li H Y , Li L F , Ren C B
Published: June 2021

Based on the experiment and grey system theory, the influence on slump and compressive strength of rubber concrete are analyzed systematically under the rubber grain gradation mass, the content of rubber grain substitution and whether the rubber surface is pretreated. The influence rule of each factor on the slump and compressive strength is consistent. The influence order is as follows: The mass percentage of rubber particle grading is more than the amount of rubber particle replacing, which is more than whether the rubber surface is pretreated. The mass percentage of rubber particle grading and the amount of rubber particle replacing is more than 0.6 and whether the rubber surface is pretreated that is less than 0.6. In view of this situation, considering whether the assignment condition of rubber surface pretreated is reasonable, this problem needs further study. The results of this paper provide a theoretical reference for the main factors concerned in the mix design of rubber concrete.
Spatialization of population based on Xgboost with multi-source data
Authors: Li Yinxing , Liu Minghao
Published: June 2021

Aiming at the problem that demographic data cannot visually and clearly show the true distribution of population and cannot be combined with other environmental resource spatial data for analysis. This paper takes Chongqing as an example, selects nighttime light data etc. as variable factors affecting population distribution. Using the Xgboost model to build a regression model on the county level, and generates the population data of 100m in Chongqing in 2010. The accuracy of the population spatialization results and three public data sets were compared on the township scale. Finally, based on the importance of the variable factors of the Xgboost model, the influencing factors of the spatial distribution of Chongqing’s population were explored. The results show that the root mean square error in this paper is significantly better than the other three population data sets, the absolute value error is significantly better than the GPW data set and the Chinese kilometer grid data set, and slightly better than the World Pop data set. Through the analysis of the importance of variable factors, it is found that the distance from construction land is the most important indicator, and the nighttime light data, residential area and POI data all play an important role in population distribution of Chongqing.
Delineating the future boundaries of urban development using the FLUS Model: A Case Study of Zhaoyuan City, China
Authors: Wang Yizhan , Hu ZhengLiang , Zhang Yanming
Published: June 2021

Zhaoyuan City in Shandong Province, China was used as an example to explore the driving factors, constraints, and model parameterization using the FLUS-UGB model. Using observed data from 2018 to determine the model accuracy, the Kappa coefficient was found to be 0.8132, the overall accuracy was 0.8924, and the reliability was high. The forecast results show that, from 2018 to 2030, the urban land area growth rate of Zhaoyuan City was 11.40%, with the central and northwestern regions showing higher growth rates. The urban land area growth rate of Jinling Town was the highest at 42.53%, while Mengzhi and Wenquan Streets and Xinzhuang Town’s urban land area growth rate exceeded 10%. Other towns’ urban land area growth rate was less than 10%.
Application of Excel in Leveling and Traverse Survey
Authors: Wen Xumin , Guo Xiaozi
Published: June 2021

It mainly discusses the application of Excel in field leveling and traverse adjustment calculation in this thesis. Excel has powerful functions of formula editing and function, so we use it to process survey data. We realize the advantages of Excel software in the measurement data processing. It is convenient, flexible, simple, and clear. A good Excel calculation table can be used in future work. It only needs to adjust the original data without repeating the arrangement and design of calculation formulas. It can completely replace the programmable calculator and bring a lot of convenience to the work.
Design intervention process and intervention strategy of “Constant-holistic Shadow” space in hot summer area
Authors: Li Yinan , Gong Zhaoxian , Liu Yingqi , Luo Guohui
Published: June 2021

It is one of the goals of outdoor space design in hot summer areas to construct a “constant-holistic shadow” space for outdoor people that can always be in the shadow during the required period of time in summer. However, the relevance and process of design elements related to the space of “constant-holistic shadow” are different from those of conventional design, as well as methods, stages and objectives of design intervention. Therefore, it should be controlled according to appropriate stage design objectives and contents. Based on the relationship between the design goal and the design process of “constant-holistic shadow” space, this paper analyzed the feasibility of the design process intervention under the construction goal of “constant-holistic shadow” space and clarified the corresponding design intervention process and strategies. It is expected to provide green design ideas and methods for promoting the utilization efficiency of summer shadow and optimizing the thermal comfort of outdoor public space in summer hot areas, as well as enrich the relevant theories and methods of outdoor public space design.
Planning Strategy and Practice of Urban Wetland Park—A Case Study of Yuanbaozi Wetland Park
Authors: Shen Duwen , Li Yi , Zeng Yicheng
Published: June 2021

In the planning practice of Yuanbaozi Wetland Park in Zongzhai Town, Xi Ning City South New Area, planners insist on building five core functions with nature as the base and culture as the vein, so as to build a plateau city ecological wetland integrating ecological conservation, cultural experience, tourism distribution, popular science education and image promotion. They always put ecological protection in the first place, and each division combines landscape function with ecological protection, which provides a model for the planning practice of other urban wetland parks.