bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An appreciation of the scientific researches of Dr Peter H. Dawson
Authors: Todd John F.J. , March Raymond E.
Published: February 2019

Upon the death of Peter H. Dawson in 2015, mass spectrometry lost a major figure. Within the area of radiofrequency quadrupole electric fields applied to mass spectrometry, Dawson stands alongside its pioneers Wolfgang Paul, Nobelist and inventor of the technology, and Wilson Brubaker, who identified and overcame the deleterious effects of fringing electric fields on quadrupole mass filter performance. Seventy‐one of Dawson's 97 scientific publications are concerned with quadrupole mass analysers, ion traps and monopole mass spectrometers. Of especial note are his book and review articles in which he disseminated information on the theoretical fundamentals and practicalities of these systems to a wider audience, thereby having a major impact on the development of this important field of endeavour.

The scientific researches of Dr Dawson, and his advice and counsel, influenced to a major degree, and to the better, the research careers, teachings and the lives of the authors of this piece. Their combined researches on quadrupole devices led to the commercialization of the ion trap as a mass spectrometer by which mass spectral information became available at greatly reduced cost. Thus, the advent of commercial ion trapping instruments permitted a greater use of mass spectrometry in both technically advanced countries and those less well advanced. The greatest impact in health services was mass spectrometric analysis of environmental problems, well and stream water, food free of pesticides, etc., and forensic sciences. Our combined indebtedness to Dr Dawson is manifested by this appreciation of his scientific work, the highlighting of his main contributions, and creation of a substantive reference source to his work that can be used by other scientists. A comprehensive list of Dr Dawson's publications, including abstracts or summaries, has been arranged in chronological order of date of submission.
The affect heuristic and stock ownership: A theoretical perspective
Authors: Luo Jiang , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar
Published: February 2019

We consider asset prices and informational efficiency in a setting where owning stock confers direct utility due to an affect heuristic. Specifically, holding equity in brand name companies or those indulging in “socially desirable” activities (e.g., environmental consciousness) confers positive consumption benefits, whereas investing in “sin stocks” yields the reverse. In contrast to settings based on wealth considerations alone, expected stock prices deviate from expected fundamentals even when assets are in zero net supply. Stocks that yield high direct utility are, on average, more informationally efficient as they stimulate more entry into the market for these stocks and, consequently, more information collection. The analysis also accords with a value effect, high valuations of brand‐name stocks, abnormally positive returns on “sin stocks,” volume premia in the cross‐section of returns, proliferation of mutual funds and ETFs, and yields untested implications. If, as psychological literature suggests, agents derive greater utility from successful companies by “basking in reflected glory,” then asset prices react to public signals non‐linearly, leading to booms and busts, as well as crashes and recoveries.
Sustainability priorities, corporate strategy, and investor behavior
Authors: Espahbodi Linda , Espahbodi Reza , Juma Norma , Westbrook Amy
Published: February 2019

Using a sequential experiment, this study examines whether integration of material environmental, social, and governance (ESG) priorities into corporate strategy impacts investors’ short‐ and long‐term stock price assessments and investment allocation. In our examination, we consider the potential moderating effect of financial performance. We find that integration of ESG priorities into strategy does not have a significant effect on investors’ price assessments or investment allocation. This is true regardless of the trend in the company's financial performance. Our results hold across various demographics and the levels of investment knowledge and investment experience. Investors’ perception of relevance and reliability of material ESG information, however, has a mediating effect on their long‐term price assessment and investment allocation. Overall, our findings suggest that any future requirements on disclosure of ESG information by regulators and standard setters should aim to improve investors’ perception of the relevance and reliability of that information.
H∞ finite‐horizon filtering for complex networks with state saturations: The weighted try‐once‐discard protocol
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Zidong , Shen Bo , Li Qi
Published: February 2019

This paper addresses the finite‐horizon H∞ filtering problem for a kind of discrete state‐saturated time‐varying complex networks subjected to the weighted try‐once‐discard (WTOD) protocol. Under the WTOD protocol, only the measurement signal from one sensor node is allowed to be transmitted to the filter at each time point, where such a node is selected based on a certain quadratic selection principle. The main purpose of this paper is to design an H∞ filter that guarantees the disturbance attenuation level on a given finite time‐horizon for the underlying complex network subject to both state saturations and WTOD protocols. By using the convex hull approach, sufficient conditions are first obtained to ensure the existence for the desired filter to achieve the H∞ performance specification by means of a few recursive matrix inequalities. Then, based on the obtained results, the filter parameters are designed, which cope effectively with both state saturations and communication protocols. Finally, a numerical simulation is employed to demonstrate the validity of the developed filter algorithm.
NASA's alphasat propagation terminals: Milan, Italy, and Edinburgh, Scotland
Authors: Zemba M. , Nessel J. , Riva C. , Luini L. , Goussetis G.
Published: February 2019

Since May of 2014, NASA's Glenn Research Center has operated measurement campaigns for the Alphasat Aldo Paraboni Propagation Experiment alongside the European community of propagation experimenters. Presently, three NASA stations have been deployed to distinct climatological regions across Europe. NASA's participation in the campaign began in 2014 through a collaborative effort with the Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI) to jointly operate a 20/40 GHz ground terminal at the POLIMI campus in Milan, Italy. Subsequently, a single‐channel 40 GHz terminal was deployed to Edinburgh, Scotland in March 2016 in collaboration with Heriot‐Watt University (HWU). A third terminal was deployed to NASA's Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex (MDSCC) in March 2017 with NASA'S Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), also observing the 40 GHz beacon. In addition, a fourth station is planned for deployment to Andøya, Norway by early 2019 in collaboration with the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI). This paper will detail the design and results of the two most established terminals, Milan and Edinburgh, which together comprise 11 station years of propagation measurements.
Intranasal Administration of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Teeth Stem Cells Improves Motor Symptoms and Normalizes Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression in the Substantia Nigra and Striatum of the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Treated Rats
Authors: Narbute Karīna , Piļipenko Vladimirs , Pupure Jolanta , Dzirkale Zane , Jonavičė Ugnė , Tunaitis Virginijus , Kriaučiūnaitė Karolina , Jarmalavičiūtė Akvilė , Jansone Baiba , Kluša Vija , Pivoriūnas Augustas
Published: February 2019

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. At present, there is no effective cure for PD; treatments are symptomatic and do not halt progression of neurodegeneration. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can cross the blood–brain barrier and represent promising alternative to the classical treatment strategies. In the present study, we examined therapeutic effects of intranasal administration of EVs derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth stem cells (SHEDs) on unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) medial forebrain bundle (MFB) rat model of PD. CatWalk gait tests revealed that EVs effectively suppressed 6-OHDA-induced gait impairments. All tested gait parameters (stand, stride length, step cycle, and duty cycle) were significantly improved in EV-treated animals when compared with 6-OHDA-lesion group rats. Furthermore, EVs slowed down numbers of 6-OHDA-induced contralateral rotations in apomorphine test. Improvements in motor function correlated with normalization of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the striatum and substantia nigra. In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time, the therapeutic efficacy of intranasal administration of EVs derived from SHEDs in a rat model of PD induced by 6-OHDA intra-MFB lesion. Our findings could be potentially exploited for the development of new treatment strategies against PD.
Dual Functional Modification of Alkaline Amino Acids Induces the Self‐Assembly of Cylinder‐Like Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Proteins into Gear‐Like Architectures
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Ting , Kankala Ranjith Kumar , Zhou Yi‐Hao , Dong Jin‐Chen , Chen Ai‐Zheng , Wang Qiangbin
Published: February 2019

Herein, the assembly of 3D uniform gear‐like architectures is demonstrated with a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) disk as a building block. In this context, the intrinsic behavior of the TMV disk that promotes its assembly into nanotubes is altered by a synergistic effect of dual functional modifications at the 53rd arginine mutation and the introduction of lysine groups in the periphery at 1st and 158th positions of the TMV disk, which results in the formation of 3D gear‐like superstructures. Therein, the 53rd arginine moiety significantly strengthens the linkage between TMV disks in the alkaline environment through hydrogen bond interactions. The charge of lysine‐modified lateral surfaces is partially neutralized in the alkaline solution, which induces the TMV disk to form a gear‐like architecture to maintain its structural stability by exploiting the electrostatic repulsion between neighboring TMV disks. This study not only provides explicit evidence regarding the molecular‐level understanding of how the modification of site‐specific amino acid affects the assembly of resultant superstructures but also encourages the fabrication of functional protein‐based nanoarchitectures.
Synthesis, photochemical characterization, and thermal stability of a series of substituted formamidines as ultraviolet light absorbers
Authors: Wang Bei , Zhang Pei‐Zhi , Xia Jia‐Mei , Jia Ai‐Quan , Zhang Qian‐Feng
Published: February 2019

The three‐step reactions of ethyl 4‐aminobenzoate, formic acid, and halohydrocarbons afforded 10 N‐substituted‐N,N′‐diaryl‐formamidine derivatives (F1–10) as ultraviolet absorbers. These N‐substituted formamidines were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR, and ESI‐MS spectroscopies. The UV–vis absorbance and fluorescence properties of the compounds F1–10 were investigated in different solvents and in the presences of different metal ions. The effects of the amount of Al3+, Pb2+, Zr4+ ions on the UV–vis absorbance and fluorescence properties of compound F1 were also investigated. Moreover, the thermal stability of the compounds F1–10 was evaluated as well as the intermediate N,N′‐bis(4‐ethoxycarbonylphenyl)‐formamidine. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E108–E113, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Holomorphic subgraph reduction of higher-point modular graph forms
Authors: Gerken Jan E. , Kaidi Justin
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Modular graph forms are a class of modular covariant functions which appear in the genus-one contribution to the low-energy expansion of closed string scattering amplitudes. Modular graph forms with holomorphic subgraphs enjoy the simplifying property that they may be reduced to sums of products of modular graph forms of strictly lower loop order. In the particular case of dihedral modular graph forms, a closed form expression for this holomorphic subgraph reduction was obtained previously by D’Hoker and Green. In the current work, we extend these results to trihedral modular graph forms. Doing so involves the identification of a modular covariant regularization scheme for certain conditionally convergent sums over discrete momenta, with some elements of the sum being excluded. The appropriate regularization scheme is identified for any number of exclusions, which in principle allows one to perform holomorphic subgraph reduction of higher-point modular graph forms with arbitrary holomorphic subgraphs.
The leptoquark Hunter’s guide: large coupling
Authors: Schmaltz Martin , Zhong Yi-Ming
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Leptoquarks have recently received much attention especially because they may provide an explanation to the

$$ {R}_{D^{\left(*\right)}}\kern0.5em \mathrm{and}\kern0.5em {R}_{K^{\left(*\right)}} $$

R

D

*

and

R

K

*

anomalies in rare B meson decays. In a previous paper we proposed a systematic search strategy for all possible leptoquark flavors by focusing on leptoquark pair production. In this paper, we extend this strategy to large (order unity) leptoquark couplings which offer new search opportunities: single leptoquark production and t-channel leptoquark exchange with dilepton final states. We discuss the unique features of the different search channels and show that they cover complementary regions of parameter space. We collect and update all currently available bounds for the different flavor final states from LHC searches and from atomic parity violation measurements. As an application of our analysis, we find that current limits do not exclude a leptoquark explanation of the B physics anomalies but that the high luminosity run of the LHC will reach the most interesting parameter space.
TBA equations and resurgent Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Ito Katsushi , Mariño Marcos , Shu Hongfei
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We derive a system of TBA equations governing the exact WKB periods in one-dimensional Quantum Mechanics with arbitrary polynomial potentials. These equations provide a generalization of the ODE/IM correspondence, and they can be regarded as the solution of a Riemann-Hilbert problem in resurgent Quantum Mechanics formulated by Voros. Our derivation builds upon the solution of similar Riemann-Hilbert problems in the study of BPS spectra in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 gauge theories and of minimal surfaces in AdS. We also show that our TBA equations, combined with exact quantization conditions, provide a powerful method to solve spectral problems in Quantum Mechanics. We illustrate our general analysis with a detailed study of PT-symmetric cubic oscillators and quartic oscillators.
Disorders of renal NaCl transport and implications for blood pressure regulation
Authors: Hennings J. Christopher , Hübner Christian A.
Published: February 2019

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in industrialized societies. Substantial progress has been made in understanding its epidemiology, its pathophysiology, and its associated risks such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. Because there is consensus that the abnormal retention of sodium by the kidney is a major important pathophysiological event in hypertension, this review focuses on mechanisms of renal NaCl transport and associated genetic disorders.
Humanism
Authors: SETIYA KIERAN
Published: February 2019

I defend a form of humanism on which we have reason to care about human beings that we do not have to care about other animals, and human beings have rights against us that other animals lack. Humanism respects the equal worth of those born with severe congenital cognitive disabilities. I address the charge of speciesism and explain how being human is an ethically relevant fact.
Profiles of Human Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Nanjing, China
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhang Qihua , Hu Zheng
Published: February 2019

Objective

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by a group of viruses. The causative viruses have changed over time, and there is a need for a more effective protective vaccine. In this study, we investigated the profiles of human enteroviruses that caused HFMD outbreaks in Nanjing in 2015, with the goal of guiding the future prevention and treatment of HFMD.

Methods

Specimens were collected from 1097 patients admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with HFMD. Enteroviruses in the specimens were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and epidemiological patterns were analyzed with the clinical data.

Results

Among the 1097 clinically diagnosed HFMD cases, 916 cases were confirmed by laboratory tests. The results showed that the main infectious virus was coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) (41.75%), followed by enterovirus 71 (EV71) (27.48%), coxsackievirus A16 (7.43%), coxsackievirus A10 (6.84%), and others (16.51%). Further investigation indicated that CVA6 caused mild cases of HFMD, while EV71 caused severe cases. More enterovirus positive cases were reported from rural areas than from urban areas.

Conclusions

CA6 and EV71 were the chief pathogenic viruses of HFMD cases in the present study. Schools, childcare centers, and families from rural areas should be the major targets for prevention and awareness of HFMD. This study will provide information useful in the prevention and management of HFMD and the development of relevant vaccines for HFMD in the future. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:740–744).
The acoustic impedance of a laminar viscous jet through a thin circular aperture
Authors: Fabre David , Longobardi Raffaele , Bonnefis Paul , Luchini Paolo
Published: February 2019

The unsteady axisymmetric flow through a circular aperture in a thin plate subjected to harmonic forcing (for instance under the effect of an incident acoustic wave) is a classical problem first considered by Howe (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 366, 1979, pp. 205–223), using an inviscid model. The purpose of this work is to reconsider this problem through a numerical resolution of the incompressible linearized Navier–Stokes equations (LNSE) in the laminar regime, corresponding to $Re=[500,5000]$. We first compute a steady base flow which allows us to describe the vena contracta phenomenon in agreement with experiments. We then solve a linear problem allowing us to characterize both the spatial amplification of the perturbations and the impedance (or equivalently the Rayleigh conductivity), which is a key quantity to investigate the response of the jet to acoustic forcing. Since the linear perturbation is characterized by a strong spatial amplification, the numerical resolution requires the use of a complex mapping of the axial coordinate in order to enlarge the range of Reynolds number investigated. The results show that the impedances computed with $Re\gtrsim 1500$ collapse onto a single curve, indicating that a large Reynolds number asymptotic regime is effectively reached. However, expressing the results in terms of conductivity leads to substantial deviation with respect to Howe’s model. Finally, we investigate the case of finite-amplitude perturbations through direct numerical simulations (DNS). We show that the impedance predicted by the linear approach remains valid for amplitudes up to order $10^{-1}$, despite the fact that the spatial evolution of the perturbations in the jet is strongly nonlinear.
An optimal improvement for the Hardy inequality on the hyperbolic space and related manifolds
Authors: Berchio Elvise , Ganguly Debdip , Grillo Gabriele , Pinchover Yehuda
Published: February 2019

We prove optimal improvements of the Hardy inequality on the hyperbolic space. Here, optimal means that the resulting operator is critical in the sense of Devyver, Fraas, and Pinchover (2014), namely the associated inequality cannot be further improved. Such inequalities arise from more general, optimal ones valid for the operator $ P_{\lambda }:= -\Delta _{{\open H}^{N}} - \lambda $ where 0 ⩽ λ ⩽ λ1(ℍN) and λ1(ℍN) is the bottom of the L2 spectrum of $-\Delta _{{\open H}^{N}} $, a problem that had been studied in Berchio, Ganguly, and Grillo (2017) only for the operator $P_{\lambda _{1}({\open H}^{N})}$. A different, critical and new inequality on ℍN, locally of Hardy type is also shown. Such results have in fact greater generality since they are proved on general Cartan-Hadamard manifolds under curvature assumptions, possibly depending on the point. Existence/nonexistence of extremals for the related Hardy-Poincaré inequalities are also proved using concentration-compactness technique and a Liouville comparison theorem. As applications of our inequalities, we obtain an improved Rellich inequality and we derive a quantitative version of Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl uncertainty principle for the operator $P_\lambda.$
Type Synthesis of Multi-Loop Spatial Mechanisms With Three Translational Output Parameters Based on Virtual-Loop Theory and Assur Groups
Authors: Zhang Xing , Mu Dejun , Zhang Yitong , You Henghao , Wang Hongrui
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a new approach to synthesize multi-loop mechanisms with three translational displacement parameters based on virtual-loop theory and Assur groups. The approach used kinematic links as a generalized link group added one-by-one to the output link, which further extends the unified link groups in the plane and space. Firstly, the concept of infinitesimal displacement parameters is introduced to describe the displacement parameters. The dependence on the change in the degree of freedom (DOF) and displacement parameters of the output link after adding a 0-DOF generalized link group is established. Then, the link groups with three displacement parameters are synthesized, and the intersection operation rules are given. The single-loop mechanism is synthesized under two circumstances. The 1-, 2-, and 3-DOF dual-loop mechanisms are obtained by adding corresponding generalized link groups. Finally, the multi-loop mechanisms are obtained by adding corresponding generalized link groups. Some novel mechanisms are synthesized to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Transcriptional regulatory activity of the cereal grain bZip protein TaABF1 can be either stimulated or inhibited by phosphorylation
Authors: Smith Alison E. , Yang Xi , Lutian Justin , Chelimo David , Lopez Juvenal , Uwase Grace , Johnson Russell R.
Published: February 2019

The wheat bZip transcription factor TaABF1 mediates both abscisic acid (ABA)-induced and ABA-suppressed gene expression. As levels of TaABF1 protein do not change in response to ABA, and TaABF1 is in a phosphorylated statein vivo, we investigated whether TaABF1 could be regulated at the post-translational level. In bombarded aleurone cells, a TaABF1 protein carrying phosphomimetic mutations (serine to aspartate) at four sites (S36D, S37D, S113D, S115D) was three to five times more potent than wild-type TaABF1 in activatingHVA1, an ABA-responsive gene. The phosphomimetic mutations also increased the ability of TaABF1 to downregulate the ABA-suppressed geneAmy32b. These findings strongly suggest that phosphorylation at these sites increases the transcriptional regulatory activity of TaABF1. In contrast to the activation observed by the quadruple serine to aspartate mutation, a single S113D mutation completely eliminated the ability of TaABF1 to upregulateHVA1or downregulateAmy32b. Thus phosphorylation of TaABF1 can either stimulate or inhibit the activity of TaABF1 in regulating downstream genes, depending on the site and pattern of phosphorylation. Mutation of S318 and S322 (in the bZIP domain) eliminated the ability of TaABF1 to activateHVA1, but had no effect on the ability of TaABF1 to downregulateAmy32b, suggesting that TaABF1 repressesAmy32bexpression through a mechanism other than direct DNA binding. An important step towards understanding how ABA and gibberellin (GA) signals are integrated through TaABF1 phosphorylation to regulate downstream gene expression is to clarify the effects of those hormones on the expression of specific genes. In contrast to some other ABA-induced genes, we found thatHVA1induction by ABA or TaABF1 is not inhibited by GA.
Can Kant’s Formula of the End in Itself Condemn Capitalism?
Authors: Furner James
Published: February 2019

Kantian socialists at the turn of the twentieth century, as well as contemporary authors seeking a principle with which to condemn capitalism, have turned to Kant’s Formula of the End in Itself (FEI). This article assesses the arguments from FEI against capitalism from the perspective of the issues that arise in interpreting and applying Kant’s formula. There are various strategies with which a Kantian might use FEI to condemn conduct that Kant did not use FEI to condemn. The article asks whether any of the existing arguments from FEI employ plausible versions of these strategies to derive a strict duty from that formula’s Never Merely as a Means principle that condemns capitalism.
The Library in an Agile World: Case Studies from Gowling WLG and Withers LLP
Authors: Green Timonie , Miller Diane
Published: February 2019

This article developed from a talk delivered by the authors, Timonie Green and Diane Miller, at the BIALL Annual Conference in June 2018, whereby they looked at how the Library and Information Services in both of their firms have managed a move to agile working. Withers, at the time, were deep in preparations for the move, whilst Gowling WLG had been working agilely for some time. The hope is that by telling these stories, and talking about the issues encountered, some pointers and ideas can be given to other firms facing the challenge.
Coeval Early Ediacaran Breakup of Amazonia, Baltica, and Laurentia: Evidence From Micro‐Baddeleyite Dating of Dykes From the Novillo Canyon, Mexico
Authors: Weber Bodo , Schmitt Axel K. , Cisneros de León Alejandro , González‐Guzmán Reneé
Published: February 2019

Final Rodinia supercontinent breakup during the early Ediacaran is recorded by mafic dyke swarms in Baltica and Laurentia, but corresponding dykes have been elusive for Amazonia, the third craton involved. We report ages and compositions for plume‐related dykes intruded into Rodinia‐type basement of the Novillo Gneiss, part of a microcontinent placed between Amazonia and Baltica in Rodinia reconstructions. In situ U‐Pb micro‐baddeleyite dating with secondary ion mass spectrometry yielded dyke intrusion ages of 619 ± 9 Ma (95% c.i.), coeval with ages of similar dykes from Baltica and Laurentia. A younger age group is consistent with an earlier 40Ar‐39Ar age at ~545 Ma, reflecting Pb loss and recrystallization during hydrothermal alteration. The results indicate an Amazonia‐Baltica‐Laurentia connection prior to opening of the Iapetus Ocean and suggest a previously unrecognized superplume‐related large igneous province extending over all sides of the former triple point. Weathering of these large igneous province basalts may have contributed to Ediacaran Gaskiers glaciation.
Topographic Controls on the Extension and Retraction of Flowing Streams
Authors: Prancevic Jeff P. , Kirchner James W.
Published: February 2019

Flowing stream networks extend and retract as their surrounding landscapes wet up and dry out, both seasonally and during rainstorms, with implications for aquatic ecosystems and greenhouse gas exchange. Some networks are much more dynamic than others, however, and the reasons for this difference are unknown. Here we show that the tendency of stream networks to extend and retract can be predicted from down‐valley changes in topographic attributes (slope, curvature, and contributing drainage area), without measuring subsurface hydrologic properties. Topography determines where water accumulates within valley networks, and we propose that it also modulates flow partitioning between the surface and subsurface. Measurements from 17 mountain stream networks support this hypothesis, showing that undissected valley heads have greater subsurface transport capacities than sharply incised valleys downstream. In catchments where broad valley heads rapidly transition to sharply incised valleys, subsurface transport capacity decreases abruptly, stabilizing stream length through wet and dry periods.
Moho Depth Variations From Receiver Function Imaging in the Northeastern North China Craton and Its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yao Huajian , Chen Ling , Fang Lihua , Wu Yan , Feng Jikun
Published: February 2019

A detailed knowledge of the crustal thickness in the northeastern North China Craton (NCC) is important for understanding the unusual Phanerozoic destruction of the craton. We achieve this goal by employing a 2‐D wave equation‐based migration method to P receiver functions from 198 broadband seismic stations, using Ps conversions and surface‐reflected multiples. By combining receiver function images along 19 profiles, we constructed a high‐resolution Moho depth model for the northeastern NCC. The results present dominant E‐W Moho depth variations similar to previous observations and new regional N‐S variations beneath both sides of the North‐South Gravity Lineament. To the west, while a deeper Moho (∼42 km) appears in the interior of the Trans‐North China Orogen, a relatively shallow Moho (∼38 km) exists in the northern margin of the Trans‐North China Orogen to western NCC. To the east, the crust beneath the Yan Mountains in the marginal area is thicker (∼32–40 km) than that (∼26–32 km) beneath the Bohai Bay Basin in the craton interior, and the Moho further shallows from NE (∼32 km) to SW (∼26 km) within the basin. Along with other observations, we conclude that the dominant E‐W difference may have been associated with the Paleo‐Pacific plate subduction under eastern Asia since the Mesozoic. The newly observed complex N‐S variations may have reflected the structural heterogeneity of the cratonic lithosphere inherited since the formation of the NCC in the Paleoproterozoic, or spatially uneven effects on the cratonic lithosphere of subsequent thermotectonic events during the long‐term evolution of the craton, or both.
Understanding Neogene Oxygen Isotopes in the Southern Great Plains Using Isotope‐Enabled General Circulation Model Simulations
Authors: Lee Jung‐Eun
Published: February 2019

The expansion of C4 grassland in the Neogene, starting from 4 to 9 million years ago, is thought to be caused by decreasing CO2 concentration, increasing aridity, or a combination of both. Oxygen isotopes from paleoproxies show a decreasing trend and an increasing variability from mid‐Miocene to Pleistocene in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, where carbon isotopes indicate an overall increase of C4 plants during the same time period. Using isotope‐enabled General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations, here I explore the causes of the long‐term trend and variability of oxygen isotopes, ultimately to understand the climatic condition that is associated with the C4 grassland expansion. Climate model simulations were performed varying the orbital configuration, CO2 concentration, and vegetation coverage. Model results show that the isotopic composition of winter precipitation varies more than that of summer precipitation and depends strongly on temperature, or more precisely on the contribution of snow to total precipitation. I conclude that the long‐term isotopic composition of precipitation decreases because of gradual cooling and varies more because of lower and more variable cold season temperature in a colder climate in response to fluctuating orbital configuration. This study implies that C4 grassland in the Southern Great Plains region expanded along with global cooling, possibly resulting from the decreasing atmospheric CO2 concentration.
Source Contributions to Carbon Monoxide Concentrations During KORUS‐AQ Based on CAM‐chem Model Applications
Authors: Tang Wenfu , Emmons Louisa K. , Arellano Jr Avelino F. , Gaubert Benjamin , Knote Christoph , Tilmes Simone , Buchholz Rebecca R. , Pfister Gabriele G. , Diskin Glenn S. , Blake Donald R. , Blake Nicola J. , Meinardi Simone , DiGangi Joshua P. , Choi Yonghoon , Woo Jung‐Hun , He Cenlin , Schroeder Jason R. , Suh Inseon , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Jo Hyun‐Young , Kanaya Yugo , Jung Jinsang , Lee Youngjae , Kim Danbi
Published: February 2019

We investigate regional sources contributing to CO during the Korea United States Air Quality (KORUS‐AQ) campaign conducted over Korea (1 May to 10 June 2016) using 17 tagged CO simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry (CAM‐chem). The simulations use three spatial resolutions, three anthropogenic emission inventories, two meteorological fields, and nine emission scenarios. These simulations are evaluated against measurements from the DC‐8 aircraft and Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT). Results show that simulations using bottom‐up emissions are consistently lower (bias: −34 to −39%) and poorer performing (Taylor skill: 0.38–0.61) than simulations using alternative anthropogenic emissions (bias: −6 to −33%; Taylor skill: 0.48–0.86), particularly for enhanced Asian CO and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission scenarios, suggesting underestimation in modeled CO background and emissions in the region. The ranges of source contributions to modeled CO along DC‐8 aircraft from Korea and southern (90°E to 123°E, 20°N to 29°N), middle (90°E to 123°E, 29°N to 38.5°N), and northern (90°E to 131.5°E, 38.5°N to 45°N) East Asia (EA) are 6–13%, ~5%, 16–28%, and 9–18%, respectively. CO emissions from middle and northern EA can reach Korea via transport within the boundary layer, whereas those from southern EA are transported to Korea mainly through the free troposphere. Emission contributions from middle EA dominate during continental outflow events (29–51%), while Korean emissions play an overall more important role for ground sites (up to 25–49%) and plumes within the boundary layer (up to 25–44%) in Korea. Finally, comparisons with four other source contribution approaches (FLEXPART 9.1 back trajectory calculations driven by Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) WRF inert tracer, China signature VOCs, and CO to CO2 enhancement ratios) show general consistency with CAM‐chem.
The Mystery of Ceres' Activity
Authors: Küppers Michael
Published: February 2019

In recent years, the dwarf planet Ceres has been found to release water vapor. Detailed investigation of the surface and subsurface by NASA's Dawn mission reveal localized patches of surface ice and an ice abundance of around 10% in the shallow subsurface, within a meter below the surface. Landis et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005780) quantify the expected sublimation from the surface and subsurface ice reservoirs at Ceres, and the expected evaporation rates are factors of several lower than the observed ones. Although consideration of additional processes may possibly reduce the discrepancy, the origin of Ceres' exosphere is not yet clear.
New Estimates of Ice and Oxygen Fluxes Across the Entire Lid of Lake Vostok From Observations of Englacial Radio Wave Attenuation
Authors: Winebrenner Dale P. , Kintner Paul M. S. , MacGregor Joseph A.
Published: February 2019

Over deep Antarctic subglacial lakes, spatially varying ice thickness and the pressure‐dependent melting point of ice result in distinct areas of melting and freeze‐on at the ice‐water interface, that is, at the lake lid. These ice mass fluxes drive lake circulation and, because basal Antarctic ice contains air clathrate, affect the input of oxygen to the lake, with implications for subglacial life. Inferences of rates of melting and freeze‐on, that is, accretion rates, from radar layer tracking and geodesy are limited in spatial coverage and resolution. Here we develop a new method to estimate accretion rate, and the resulting oxygen input at a lake lid, using airborne radar data over Lake Vostok together with ice‐temperature and chemistry data from the Vostok ice core. Because the lake lid is a coherent reflector of known reflectivity (at our radar frequency), we can infer depth‐averaged radio wave attenuation in the ice, with a spatial resolution of ~1 km along flight lines. Spatial variation in attenuation depends mostly on variation in ice temperature near the lid, which in turn varies strongly with ice mass flux at the lid. We model ice temperature versus depth with ice mass flux as a parameter, thus linking that flux to observed depth‐averaged attenuation. The resulting map of melt and accretion rates independently reproduces features known from earlier studies but now covers the entire lid. We find that freeze‐on is dominant when integrated over the lid, with an ice imbalance of 0.05 to 0.07 km3/year, which is robust against uncertainties.
Crystal-confined freestanding ionic liquids for reconfigurable and repairable electronics
Authors: Gao Naiwei , He Yonglin , Tao Xinglei , Xu Xiao-Qi , Wu Xun , Wang Yapei
Published: February 2019

Liquid sensors composed of ionic liquids are rising as alternatives to solid semiconductors for flexible and self-healing electronics. However, the fluidic nature may give rise to leakage problems in cases of accidental damages. Here, we proposed a liquid sensor based on a binary ionic liquid system, in which a flowing ionic liquid [OMIm]PF6 is confined by another azobenzene-containing ionic liquid crystalline [OMIm]AzoO. Those crystal components provide sufficient pinning capillary force to immobilize fluidic components, leading to a freestanding liquid-like product without the possibility of leakage. In addition to owning ultra-high temperature sensitivity, crystal-confined ionic liquids also combine the performances of both liquid and solid so that it can be stretched, bent, self-healed, and remolded. With respect to the reconfigurable property, this particular class of ionic liquids is exploited as dynamic circuits which can be spatially reorganized or automatically repaired.
Dehydration and insulinopenia are necessary and sufficient for euglycemic ketoacidosis in SGLT2 inhibitor-treated rats
Authors: Perry Rachel J. , Rabin-Court Aviva , Song Joongyu D. , Cardone Rebecca L. , Wang Yongliang , Kibbey Richard G. , Shulman Gerald I.
Published: February 2019

Sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of anti-diabetic agents; however, concerns have been raised about their potential to induce euglycemic ketoacidosis and to increase both glucose production and glucagon secretion. The mechanisms behind these alterations are unknown. Here we show that the SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin promotes ketoacidosis in both healthy and type 2 diabetic rats in the setting of insulinopenia through increased plasma catecholamine and corticosterone concentrations secondary to volume depletion. These derangements increase white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis and hepatic acetyl-CoA content, rates of hepatic glucose production, and hepatic ketogenesis. Treatment with a loop diuretic, furosemide, under insulinopenic conditions replicates the effect of dapagliflozin and causes ketoacidosis. Furthermore, the effects of SGLT2 inhibition to promote ketoacidosis are independent from hyperglucagonemia. Taken together these data in rats identify the combination of insulinopenia and dehydration as a potential target to prevent euglycemic ketoacidosis associated with SGLT2i.
On-demand serum-free media formulations for human hematopoietic cell expansion using a high dimensional search algorithm
Authors: Kim Michelle M. , Audet Julie
Published: February 2019

Substitution of serum and other clinically incompatible reagents is requisite for controlling product quality in a therapeutic cell manufacturing process. However, substitution with chemically defined compounds creates a complex, large-scale optimization problem due to the large number of possible factors and dose levels, making conventional process optimization methods ineffective. We present a framework for high-dimensional optimization of serum-free formulations for the expansion of human hematopoietic cells. Our model-free approach utilizes evolutionary computing principles to drive an experiment-based feedback control platform. We validate this method by optimizing serum-free formulations for first, TF-1 cells and second, primary T-cells. For each cell type, we successfully identify a set of serum-free formulations that support cell expansions similar to the serum-containing conditions commonly used to culture these cells, by experimentally testing less than 1 × 10−5% of the total search space. We also demonstrate how this iterative search process can provide insights into factor interactions that contribute to supporting cell expansion.
A facile voltammetric method for detection of heparin in plasma based on the polyethylenimine modified electrode
Authors: Tian Lei , Zhao Hongsu , Zhao Zuzhi , Zhai Jiali , Zhang Zipin
Published: February 2019

A simple but effective polyethylenimine-based voltammetric method for rapid detection of heparin in plasma.
An enhancement of luminol chemiluminescence by cobalt hydroxide decorated porous graphene and its application in glucose analysis
Authors: Mohammad Beigi Sepideh , Mesgari Fazeleh , Hosseini Morteza , Aghazadeh Mustafa , Ganjali Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2019

Here, it was shown that a cobalt hydroxide/porous-graphene nanocomposite (PG/Co(OH)2) has great catalytic capability toward luminol as a chemiluminescence active substrate.
Stability and magnetism of FeN high-pressure phases
Authors: Kartsev Alexey , Feya Oleg D. , Bondarenko Nina , Kvashnin Alexander G.
Published: February 2019

We have studied the formation and stability of high-pressure iron mono-nitride phases, and in particular a new magnetic phase with a NiAs-type structure.
Duplexed aptamers: history, design, theory, and application to biosensing
Authors: Munzar Jeffrey D. , Ng Andy , Juncker David
Published: February 2019

A comprehensive review of oligonucleotide-duplexed aptamer biosensors, guided by a universal framework based on aptamer-complementary elements (ACEs).
Supported Ru olefin metathesis catalysts via a thiolate tether
Authors: Renom-Carrasco Marc , Mania Philipp , Sayah Reine , Veyre Laurent , Occhipinti Giovanni , Gajan David , Lesage Anne , Jensen Vidar R. , Thieuleux Chloé
Published: February 2019

Ruthenium alkylidene complexes can be successfully immobilized on hybrid mesostructured silica via thiolate tethers to give heterogeneous, thiolate-coordinated olefin metathesis catalysts.
Achieving nitrogen-doped carbon/MnO2 nanocomposites for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Zhang Liang , Liu Xianchun , Mu Zhongcheng , Xing Shuangxi
Published: February 2019

N-Doped carbon/MnO2 nanocomposites generated via pyrolyzing polypyrrole/MnO2 show excellent catalytic performance towards the oxygen reduction reaction owing to the synergistic effect between N-doped carbon and MnO2.
Emergence of lead halide perovskite colloidal dispersions through aggregation and fragmentation: insights from the nanoscale to the mesoscale
Authors: Pratap Shambhavi , Keller Elisabeth , Müller-Buschbaum Peter
Published: February 2019

The growth of colloidal perovskite precursors by changing chemical composition, concentration and the impact on resultant thin-film morphologies is explored.
Chorismatases – the family is growing
Authors: Grüninger Mads J. , Buchholz Patrick C. F. , Mordhorst Silja , Strack Patrick , Müller Michael , Hubrich Florian , Pleiss Jürgen , Andexer Jennifer N.
Published: February 2019

A newly discovered subfamily of chorismatases catalyses the same reaction as chorismate lyases (cleavage of chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate), but does not suffer from product inhibition.
Luminescence properties and energy transfer of K3LuF6:Tb3+,Eu3+ multicolor phosphors with a cryolite structure
Authors: Yang Dan , Liao Libing , Guo Qingfeng , Mei Lefu , Liu Haikun , Zhou Tianshuai , Ye Huan
Published: February 2019

Single-phase multicolor phosphors with a cryolite structure were obtained via energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+.
Redistribution of native defects and photoconductivity in ZnO under pressure
Authors: Das Partha Pratim , Samanta Sudeshna , Wang Lin , Kim Jaeyong , Vogt Thomas , Devi P. Sujatha , Lee Yongjae
Published: February 2019

The pressure-induced redistribution of native defects and the optoelectronic response in ZnO microstructures might provide new opportunities in promising semiconductors.
Metal–nonmetal nanoarchitectures: quaternary PtPdNiP mesoporous nanospheres for enhanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Chunjie , Xu You , Deng Kai , Yin Shuli , Wang Ziqiang , Xue Hairong , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: February 2019

Quaternary PtPdNiP mesoporous nanospheres (PtPdNiP MNs) with uniform morphology and size are synthesized for enhanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysis.
Janus membrane decorated via a versatile immersion-spray route: controllable stabilized oil/water emulsion separation satisfying industrial emission and purification criteria
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Li Xiangyu , Qu Ruixiang , Liu Yanan , Wei Yen , Feng Lin
Published: February 2019

A PANI–SiNP-decorated Janus membrane was fabricated for highly efficient stabilized oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsion separation, meeting industrial purification standards.
PdCx nanocrystals with tunable compositions for alkyne semihydrogenation
Authors: Guo Ruiyun , Chen Qiang , Li Xiang , Liu Yaming , Wang Chaoqi , Bi Wei , Zhao Caiyang , Guo yanjun , Jin Mingshang
Published: February 2019

A novel and efficient approach has been reported for the preparation of PdCx nanocatalysts with tunable compositions for enhanced alkyne semihydrogenation.
Photo-induced charge boosting of liquid–solid electrokinetic generators for efficient wave energy harvesting
Authors: Tan Jin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Yang Xiya , Duan Jialong , Wang Yudi , Tang Qunwei
Published: February 2019

A photo-induced charge boosting liquid–solid electrokinetic generator with a structure of PU/GO-CB-MWCNT/CQDs/Cu was fabricated for efficient water kinetic energy harvesting.
Fabrication of highly emissive and highly stable perovskite nanocrystal-polymer slabs for luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Tong Jianyu , Luo Jingwei , Shi Li , Wu Jiajing , Xu Lingyun , Song Jiamei , Wang Peng , Li Hongbo , Deng Zhengtao
Published: February 2019

The high-performance light-management slabs made of low-cost, highly emissive, and ultra-stable nanocrystal (NC)-polymer composites are desirable for application in large-area luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs).
A ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting hypochlorite in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Hou Ji-Ting , Kim Hyeong Seok , Duan Chong , Ji Myung Sun , Wang Shan , Zeng Lintao , Ren Wen Xiu , Kim Jong Seung
Published: February 2019

A colorimetric and fluorescent probe ER-ClO was developed to detect cellular hypochlorite with high selectivity and sensitivity.
Regioselective arene homologation through rhenium-catalyzed deoxygenative aromatization of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-dienes
Authors: Murai Masahito , Ogita Takuya , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: February 2019

A facile approach to PAHs with an arm-chair edge via regioselective bromination, Diels–Alder reaction, and rhenium-catalyzed deoxygenative aromatization is described.
Iron-exchanged high-silica LTA zeolites as hydrothermally stable NH3-SCR catalysts
Authors: Ryu Taekyung , Kang Yonjoo , Nam In-Sik , Hong Suk Bong
Published: February 2019

Iron-exchanged high-silica LTA zeolites exhibit high activity for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3, even after hydrothermal aging at 900 °C.
Ultrafast Li-ion migration in holey-graphene-based composites constructed by a generalized ex situ method towards high capacity energy storage
Authors: Zhu Chengling , Hui Zeyu , Pan Hui , Zhu Shenmin , Zhang Qing , Mao Jianfeng , Guo Zaiping , Li Yao , Imtiaz Muhammad , Chen Zhixin
Published: February 2019

3D holey-graphene networks were constructed with a generalized ex situ method for various electroactive nanoparticles to expedite Li+/electron migration.