bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Патологічні зміни в скронево-нижньощелепному суглобі та його ендопротезування як ускладнення переломів виросткових відростків нижньої щелепи
Authors: Аветіков Давид Соломонович , Скікевич Маргарита Георгіївна , Іваницька Олена Сергіївна , Білоконь Сергій Олександрович , Лунькова Юліана Станіславівна , Ілляшенко Юлія Іванівна
Published: May 2024

Травми виросткових відростків та пов’язані з цим патологічні стани в скронево-нижньощелепних суглобах натепер є предметом постійних дискусій і суперечних поглядів серед актуальних проблем хірургічної стоматології та щелепно-лицевої хірургії. Метою дослідження було порівняти різні стратегії лікування переломів виросткового відростку, як лікувальної хірургічної тактики, так і в якості профілактики внутрішніх порушень СНЩС шляхом проведення відкритої репозиції з верхньощелепною фіксацією, відкритої репозиції з внутрішньою фіксацією та ендоскопічної репозиції з внутрішньою фіксацією. Було проведений ретроспективний аналіз історій хвороби пацієнтів із переломами виросткового відростку нижньої щелепи. Виклад основного матеріалу дослідження. Закрита репозиція, згідно даних, особливо іноземних авторів, вважається стандартним лікуванням переломів виросткових відростків нижньої щелепи. Припущення, що закрита репозиція призведе до меншої кількості ускладнень, хоча естетика та функціональність будуть такими ж, як і лікування шляхом проведення відкритої репозиції з внутрішньою фіксацією, спонукало до його ретельного вивчення. Неінвазивний характер цього методу, як наслідок, за нашими спостереженнями, призводить до дуже незначного пошкодження лицевого нерву у 22% випадків. Незважаючи на численні дискусії, автори все ще не можуть дійти згоди щодо оптимального алгоритму лікування переломів даної нозології. У 11% випадків нами не знайдено помітної різниці між результатами відкритого чи закритого типу лікування. Проте в деяких інших дослідженнях закрите лікування вважається небажаним. Висновок з дослідження. Натепер ендоскопічна хірургія, безумовно, є гарною заміною класичних оперативних доступів при хірургічному лікування переломах виросткового відростка та унеможливлює наявність ускладнень щодо внутрішніх порушено скронево-нижньощелепного суглобу та його ендопротезування, також ускладнень, пов’язаних із традиційною відкритою технікою, таких як пошкодження лицьового нерву, утворення рубців, і ускладнень, пов’язаних проведенням відкритої репозиції з верхньощелепною фіксацією та відкритої репозиції з внутрішньою фіксацією.
Застосування PILER випромінювання при комплексному лікуванні пародонтиту
Authors: Данко Ельвіра Михайлівна , Костенко Євген Якович , Пантьо Валерій Валерійович
Published: May 2024

Вступ. Пародонтит є запально-дистрофічним захворюванням, яке призводить до втрати зубів, погіршення стану здоров’я, негативно впливає на якість життя, а близько 11% населення планети страждають важкими ступенями пародонтиту. Традиційні методи лікування не завжди приносять бажаного результату, тому постає питання пошуку нових методів лікування, зокрема, використання низькоінтенсивного випромінювання. Метою даної роботи було визначити ефективність впливу PILER випромінювання на динаміку показників індексної оцінки тканин пародонту та глибини пародонтальних кишень у пацієнтів з генералізованим пародонтитом при комплексному лікуванні. В даному дослідженні провели лікування 46 пацієнтів з хронічним генералізованим пародонтитом І-ІІ ступенів. Хворих було поділено на дві групи: 1 групу склали 22 пацієнти, яким проводили лікування згідно загальноприйнятих пародонтологічних втручань та 2 групу – 24 пацієнти, яким додатково проводили опромінення PILER випромінюванням червоного спектру (λ=625-740 нм). Тривалість опромінення складала 20 хвилин з курсом у 10 процедур. Оцінку результатів проведеного лікування в обох групах визначали за допомогою індексів PMA, Федорова-Володкіної, індекса кровоточивості ясенних сосочків та визначали глибину пародонтальних кишень. Після проведеного лікування ми отримали покращення всіх показників у обох групах. Разом з тим, показники індексної оцінки тканин пародонта та глибини пародонтальних кишень були значно кращими у групі 2, порівнюючи з даними показників групи 1. Через 6 місяців показник PMA становив 14,1±2,57 у групі 2, що на 42,4% краще, ніж показники групи 1 – 24,5±3,64; індекс Федорова-Володкіної становив 1,3±0,47 у групі 2, що на 27,7% краще, ніж показники групи 1 – 1,8±0,59; індекс кровоточивості ясенних сосочків становив 0,54±0,51 у групі 2, що на 57,4% краще показників групи 1 – 1,27±0,63; глибина пародонтальних кишень становила 2,31±0,41 у групі 2, зменшилася на 1,29 мм порівнюючи з вихідними даними до лікування, що на 25% краще порівнюючи з даними групи 1 – 3,08±0,32, де зменшення глибини пародонтальних кишень відбулося на 0,72 мм. Таким чином, PILER випромінювання справляє позитивний ефект на динаміку показників гігієни, індексної оцінки стану тканин пародонта та глибини пародонтальних кишень. За отриманими результатами лікування можна стверджувати, що PILER випромінювання чинить протизапальну дію на тканини пародонту та може бути рекомендованим до використання при комплексному лікуванні захворювань тканин пародонту.
Можливості цифровізації підходу до інтерпроксимальної редукції емалі в ході ортодонтичного лікування скупченості зубів
Authors: Горзов Семен Степанович , Горзов Віталія Володимирівна
Published: May 2024

Вступ. Інтерпроксимальна редукція (реапроксимація) емалі представляє собою малоінвазивну маніпуляцію, що передбачає стоншення емалі на контактних поверхнях зубів, таким чином зменшуючи мезіодистальний розмір одиниці зубного ряду, і забезпечуючи умови для оптимізації корекції її положення при лікуванні скупченості зубів легкого та середнього ступенів важкості. Мета дослідження. Оцінити можливості використання функцій цифрового сканування зубних рядів та гіпсових моделей для оптимізації виконання процедури інтерпроксимальної редукції (ІПР) емалі та верифікації результатів даного втручання. Матеріали та методи. Аналіз літературних даних передбачав опрацювання наукових публікацій, в яких були відображені різні можливості та цілі застосування цифрового сканування зубних рядів та гіпсових моделей в ході виконання процедури інтерпроксимальної редукції. Пошук публікацій здійснювався виключно у базі PubMed Central (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/) за наступними ключовими словами «interproximal enamel reduction» та «digital scan». Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. В жодному з проаналізованих досліджень щодо відповідності між запланованою та досягнутою редукцією емалі, яка оцінювалась за даними цифрового сканування зубів чи моделей, не проводилось порівняння точності різних технік та систем сканування, правдивість та прецизійність котрих може впливати на варіацію отриманих результатів. Крім того, важливо оцінити наскільки валідними є результати вихідного сканування та подальшого графічного рендерингу зображень контактних поверхонь зубів, зареєстрованих з використанням різних систем та технологій сканування. Доцільним також є верифікації змін конфігурації та міграції контактних пунктів та площин за даними інтраорального сканування після проведення процедури інтерпроксимальної редукції емалі, враховуючи потенційний вплив даних факторів на зміни стану тканин пародонту в області втручання. Перспективним виглядає розробка підходів до навігаційного контролю проведення маніпуляції інтерпроксимальної редукції емалі. Висновки. Можливості використання функцій цифрового сканування зубних рядів та гіпсових моделей для оптимізації виконання процедури інтерпроксимальної редукції емалі та верифікації результатів даного втручання, включають наступні: 1) оцінка клінічної ситуації та об’єктивізація обсягу майбутнього втручання на основі отриманих інтраоральних сканів; 2) планування етапу практичної реалізації процедури інтерпроксимальної редукції емалі, маркування зон безпечного втручання на основі варіацій товщини емалі на контактних поверхнях різних зубів, та виходячи з цього моделювання навігаційного шаблону для контрольованого виконання ІПР; 3) верифікації фактичного обсягу редукції емалі попередньо запланованому на основі аналізу результатів повторного інтраорального чи позаротового сканування.
Geleneksel Mumbar Üretimi ve Bazı Kalite Özellikleri
Authors: Erdem Nuran , Gökmen Suleyman
Published: May 2024

Üretildikleri yöre ile aralarında güçlü bir bağ bulunan geleneksel gıdalar yerel kültürün önemli bir parçasıdır. Taklitlerine karşı korumak ve haksız rekabeti önleyebilmek için birçok ülkede yasal düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Sakatat; yüksek kaliteli protein, yağ, mineral ve vitamin içeriği bakımından besleyici bir gıdadır. Hayvansal gıdaların tüm öğelerinin etkin değerlendirilmesi yaklaşımıyla da önem arz etmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, yörede yaşayanlarla yapılan görüşmelere ve araştırmalara dayanılarak, Mumbar üretiminde kullanılan hammaddeler, miktarları, hazırlanışı, pişirilmesi ve bazı kalite özellikleri ile ilgili bilgi vermektir. Pişmiş kuzu mumbarların nem, kül ve pH değerlerinin sırasıyla %62.75, %0.94 ve 6.38 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Pişmiş mumbarların iç ve dış yüzeylerine ait b* (sarılık) değerleri arasındaki fark istatiksel olarak önemli bulunmazken (P >0.05), L (parlaklık) ve a* (kırmızılık) değerleri arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli (P <0.05) bulunmuştur. Pişirme işlemi uygulandıktan sonra örneklerin TMAB sayısının <2 log kob/g olduğu; Toplam Koliform, E. coli, Maya ve Küf sayılarının ise <1 log kob/g olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mumbar örneklerinin duyusal özelliklerinden lezzet ve genel kabul edilebilirlik puanlarının renk, tekstür ve gevreklik puanlarına göre daha yüksek puanlar aldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Penerapan Manajemen Bencana di Kelurahan Cipageran sebagai Kampung Siaga Bencana dalam Mengantisipasi Potensi Bencana Sesar Lembang
Authors: Agustian Yanyan , Setiawan Asep , AshSiddiq Raden Herdian Bayu , Widyanto Bambang Eko , Hasan Fuad , Dewi Yulia Mega Puspita
Published: May 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk modeling masyarakat yang siap mengahadapi bencana gempa dengan menerapkan Model Kampung Siaga Gempa dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang bertajuk “Sosialisasi Manajemen Siaga Bencana Gempa dan Penerapan Alat Deteksi Gempa, Studi Kasus: Sesar Lembang” di kampung Cipageran RT.06, RW.24, Kelurahan Cipageran, Kecamatan Cimahi Utara Kota Cimahi, yaitu daerah yang terletak pada jalur Sesar Aktif yang bernama Sesar Lembang. Luaran dari kegiatan ini diharapkan masyarakat mengetahui dan memahami terkait Sesar Lembang dan Potensi bahaya yang berdampak pada lingkungan sekitarnya, mengetahui dan memahami konsep bangunan tahan gempa dan memahami cara evakuasi mandiri dan kesiapsiagaan terhadap bencana sebelum saat dan setelah terjadi bencana.
Peningkatan Wawasan Masyarakat Terhadap Manfaat Kesehatan dan Ekonomi Produk Eco enzyme
Authors: Sebayang Ika Sari Damayanthi , Tsarwan Oties Titian , Kinasih Reni Karno , AshShiddiq Raden Herdian Bayu
Published: May 2024

Sampah menjadi salah satu masalah di berbagai tempat, terutama di pemukiman padat penduduk. Dengan masih rendahnya motivasi masyarakat untuk mengelola sampah rumah tangganya, sampah akan menjadi tumpukan yang menggunung di TPA. Oleh sebab itu perlu banyak penggerak yang mengedukasi, memberi contoh dan memotivasi masyarakat untuk mengelola sampahnya. Akademisi perlu mengambil peran ini, target zero waste tidak dapat diperoleh dalam satu kali proses, ini adalah upaya bertahap yang menjadi target jangka menengah dan perlu komitmen dari berbagai pihak. Kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan wawasan masyarakat di Kelurahan Meruya Selatan mengenai satu produk yang dapat diciptakan dari sampah organik rumah tangga di mana Eco enzyme bisa menjadi cairan multiguna dan aplikasinya meliputi rumah tangga, pertanian dan juga peternakan. Produk turunan dari eco enzyme dapat digunakan sendiri maupun dijual untuk mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan secara tatap muka dan dilakukan praktik pembuatan Eco enzyme. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat kali ini merupakan kegiatan kerjasama antara Teknik Sipil Universitas Mercu Buana dan Universitas Widyatama yang bertempat di salah satu RPTRA Kelurahan Meruya Selatan dengan target khalayak sasarannya adalah warga Kelurahan Meruya Selatan.
Sınıf öğretmenlerinin matematik zihniyeti ile matematik öğretimi yeterlik inançları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
Authors: Candan Orhan Can , Kaya Sibel
Published: May 2024

Eğitim alanındaki çalışmalar güncel gelişmelere bağlı olarak degişip şekillenmektedir. Dweck (1999) tarafından geliştirilen zihniyet (mindset) teorisi yakın zamanda uluslararası alanyazında popüler hale gelmiştir. Zihniyet teorisine göre zekanın çalışarak gelişebileceğine inanmak gelişen zihniyet (growth mindset), zekanın asla değişmeyeceğine inanmak sabit zihniyet (fixed mindset) olarak adlandırılır. Zihniyet kavramı ile ilgili ulusal alanyazında yapılan çalışmaların sayıca az olduğu görülmüştür. Alanyazına katkı sağlamak amacıyla, bu çalışmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin matematik zihniyeti ile matematik öğretimi yeterlik inançları arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu değişkenlerin cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, çalışılan kurum, mesleki kıdem olmak üzere demografik özelliklere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı incelenmiştir. Çalışmada nicel yöntemlerden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Örneklemini 507 katılımcının oluşturduğu çalışmada Matematik Zihniyet Ölçeği (Cury vd., 2006; Dweck, 2000) ile Matematik Öğretimi Yeterlik İnancı Ölçeği (Enochs vd., 2000) sınıf öğretmenlerine çevrimiçi platformda uygulanmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenlerine ait zihniyet ve yeterlik inancı puanları arasındaki muhtemel ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla Pearson korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Zihniyet ve yeterlik inancının demografik özelliklere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek amacıyla bağımsız gruplar t-testi ile tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, gelişen zihniyet puanları ile yeterlik inancı puanları arasında doğru, sabit zihniyet puanları ile yeterlik inancı puanları arasında ters bir orantının olduğunu göstermiştir. Erkek sınıf öğretmenleri ile devlet okulunda görev yapan sınıf öğretmenlerinin sabit zihniyet puanları anlamlı biçimde yüksektir. 1-10 yıl arası mesleki kıdeme sahip sınıf öğretmenlerinin öz-yeterlik puanları diğer gruplara göre anlamlı biçimde daha düşük çıkarken 20 yıldan fazla kıdemi bulunan sınıf öğretmenlerinin sonuç beklentisi puanları diğer gruplara göre anlamlı biçimde yüksektir. Öte yandan lisansüstü eğitime sahip sınıf öğretmenlerinin öz-yeterlik puanları anlamlı biçimde yüksek çıkmıştır. Öğretmenlere gelişen zihniyet konusunda gerekli bilgilendirilmelerin yapılması ve sınıftaki uygulamalarda gelişen zihniyeti destekleyici ortamların oluşturulması önerilmektedir.
Shelterwood cut intensity determines recovery pathways of managed Nothofagus pumilio forests
Authors: Chaves Jimena E. , Rodríguez-Souilla Julián , Cellini Juan M. , Lencinas María V. , Peri Pablo L. , Martínez Pastur Guillermo
Published: May 2024

Background: Forest harvesting is the main driver of change in forest structure and natural regeneration dynamics during management. Forest recovery after disturbances is important for economic values and ecological processes of natural forests. The aim of the study was to assess recovery paths of Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser forests regarding stand structure, environmental characteristics and regeneration values after two harvest intensities of shelterwood regeneration cuts during four different periods after harvesting (YAH).
Methods: A total of 59 stands harvested under shelterwood regeneration cuts, including four YAH periods (0-2, 3-10, 11-40, >40 years), and 41 unmanaged stands of N. pumilio forests were sampled in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Forest structure, environmental characteristics and regeneration values were measured and compared by analyses of variance, using harvesting intensity, YAH and age structure as main factors. These variables were used to calculate different indices to define recovery pathways for the different treatments.
Results: Forest structural variables such as basal area and total volume over bark differed between harvesting intensities, and the differences with unmanaged forests tend to decrease over time. Soil variables did not significantly differ among young and mature unmanaged forests or managed forests under low or high harvesting intensities. In contrast, light availability presented differences in unmanaged forests compared to managed forests among different harvesting intensities and YAH, although the gap decreased with time particularly beyond 40 YAH. Some regeneration variables, such as seedling density, differed among young and mature unmanaged forests, but did not change with harvesting intensity. Other regeneration variables, such as seedling height and sapling density increased with YAH. The forest index (FI), environment index (EI), and regeneration index (RI) showed different pathways for harvested forests over time, where greater changes were observed for high intensity shelterwood cuts. The differences, compared to unmanaged forests, drastically reduced beyond 40 YAH, regardless of harvesting intensity.
Conclusions: Forest structural, environmental and regeneration variables followed different pathways over time for the studied harvesting intensities of shelterwood regeneration cuts when compared to unmanaged forests. As expected, greatest differences on all these variables from natural conditions occurred when more intense harvesting was carried out. Our results suggests that N. pumilio forests were resilient to shelterwood regeneration cuts regarding forest structure, regeneration, and environmental conditions (soil properties and light availability), reaching comparable values to unmanaged forests beyond 40 YAH.
Phenotyping Assays for Pathogenicity Determination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4
Authors: Koondhar Naimatullah , Syed Rehana N. , Abro Manzoor A. , Lodhi Abdul M. , Khan Muhammad N.
Published: May 2024

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a lethal pathogen affecting banana plants. To manage this pathogen, resistance exploration, along with exclusion and eradication, is crucial. A simple and reproducible method of assessing pathogenicity is essential for identifying resistant candidate genotypes. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of Foc tropical race 4 (TR4) on tissue-cultured banana plants (cv. NIGAB-1 and Grand Naine) using three inoculation methods: the pouring method (PM), the chlamydospore method (CM), and the kernel method (KM). The latency period for both varieties inoculated by the chlamydospore method was two weeks after inoculation (wai), whereas plants inoculated using the pouring and kernel methods showed symptoms after three weeks. Disease severity findings revealed significant differences at the end of the assessment period among the different inoculation methods. The pouring method proved to be more effective than the other two methods, yielding consistent, repeatable results with dose-dependent final disease severity. This method can be employed to evaluate the pathogenicity of Foc (TR4) and assess various disease control methods to identify effective solutions.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Two Aromatic Plant Extracts against Phytopathogenic Tomato Fungi in Burkina Faso
Authors: Sedego Kibsa J. E. , Ouedraogo Jean C. W. , Sanon Elise , Kassankogno Abalo I. , Dabiré Kounbo , Sankara Philippe , Bonzi-Coulibaly Yvonne L.
Published: May 2024

Tomato production is faced with many fungal diseases including alternariosis and anthracnose caused by Alternaria solani and Colletotrichum sp. respectively, which cause major losses in production. Identify effective biofungicidal formulations based on extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf on the radial growth of Alternaria solani and Colletotrichum sp. The efficacy of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis or Cymbopogon citratus as well as combinations of aqueous extracts (4/1; 3/1 and 2/1) on the radial growth and sporulation of Alternaria solani and Colletotrichum sp. was studied in vitro. Then incubated at 25°C under an alternating 12/12 cycle of near ultra-violet light and darkness. The inhibition rate was measured on days 2, 4 and 7 after incubation (DAI) and for sporulation on day 14. All the extracts of the two plants, aqueous or ethanolic, showed the maximum inhibition rate (100%) on the radial growth of Alternaria solani and Colletotrichum sp. at concentrations of 20% and 30%. On the other hand, the combination of aqueous extracts was only effective at the 30% dose with inhibition rates of 49% on Alternaria solani and 21% on Colletotrichum sp. At doses of 20% and 30%, aqueous or ethanolic extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis or Cymbopogon citratus completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Alternaria solani and Colletotrichum sp.
Elektronik İmza Standartlarındaki Güncellemeler ve Türkiye’deki Mevcut Durum
Authors: Seyirt Meltem , Özcan Tuğba , Karabulut Bergen , Doğan Süleyman Mete , Akman Harmancı Emame
Published: May 2024

Gelişen teknoloji, işlemlerin dijital ortamda gerçekleştirilmesini artırarak elektronik imza kullanımını yaygınlaştırmıştır. Elektronik imza kullanımının, etkinliğinin ve ortak çalışabilirliğinin sağlanması adına birbiri ile konuşabilen sistemlerin oluşturulması gerekliliği kaçınılmazdır. Sistemler arasındaki etkileşimi sağlayabilmek ve ortak bir dil oluşturabilmek için de ortak standartların benimsenmesi gerekmektedir. Uyumu sağlamak amacıyla başvurulan standartlar teknolojik gelişmelerden etkilenmekte ve mevcut ihtiyaçların karşılanması için değişime uğramaktadır. Bu sebeple, elektronik imza kullanımının getirilerinden tam anlamıyla yararlanabilmek için güncel standartların yakından takip edilmesi ve bu standartlara uyum sağlanması gerekmektedir. Türkiye’de yaşanan dijital dönüşüm sürecinde elektronik imza kritik bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu nedenle, elektronik imza teknolojisi alanındaki değişim ve gelişmelerin izlenmesi gün geçtikte daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye’de kullanımda olan standartların güncellenmesi, güvenilirliğin ve küresel düzeyde uyumluluğun sağlanması için stratejik bir adım olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu çalışma, elektronik imza standartlarının gelişiminin incelenerek yapılan güncellemelerin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnceleme kapsamında, öncelikle elektronik imza standartlarının gelişimi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu gelişim sonucunda ortaya çıkan güncel standartlar ile Türkiye’de kullanımda olan standartlar arasındaki farklar belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, Türkiye’de elektronik imza ile ilgili mevzuat ve mevzuat destekli elektronik imza kullanım alanları ele alınmıştır. Elektronik imzanın Türkiye’deki mevcut kullanım alanlarında güncel elektronik imza standartlarına uyumluluğun sağlanması için bir dizi geçiş adımı belirlenerek entegrasyon süreci için genel bir çerçeve sunulmuştur. Yapılan çalışma, elektronik imza standartlarında gerçekleştirilen güncellemeleri ele alması yönüyle, gelecekte Türkiye’de güncel standartlara uyumluluk sürecinin şekillenmesine önemli katkı sağlayacak niteliktedir.
Violencia escolar en adolescentes: una revisión sistemática
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Montero Medina Diana Carolina , Saltos Paredes Daniela Alejandra ,   Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica
Published: May 2024

La violencia escolar es una relación de agresión, en la que un alumno o alumna se ve expuesto de forma repetida y durante un tiempo sostenido, a sufrir acciones negativas por parte de otro. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar los avances más relevantes de los estudios de la Violencia Escolar a nivel internacional, latinoamericano y nacional en los últimos 10 años. Se utilizó el método cualitativo de revisión bibliográfica, que consiste en la recopilación de información en distintas fuentes y repositorios. En los resultados predominó la influencia de los factores familiares y sociales en la construcción del propio significado de la violencia en los escolares y en el desarrollo de conductas violentas en el ámbito educativo, asociadas al alcoholismo, suicidios, inseguridad, baja autoestima y ausentismo escolar.
Use of Pele’s tears and spheres as an indicator of lava fountain height in Hawaiian volcanoes
Authors: Moyer Scott , Sahagian Dork
Published: May 2024

Lava flows have presented the greatest hazard to human property during the most recent eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes, and lava fountains are a source of these lava flows. The height of Hawaiian lava fountains reflects the exsolved gas content of the magma that controls eruption intensity. However, fountain height is not always observed, so we sought a proxy to estimate fountain heights of eruptions that were older or otherwise unobserved. Here, methods are described to empirically derive a relationship between the modal diameter of vesicles within Pele’s tears and spheres and lava fountain height, using samples of Pele’s tears produced during the last eruptions of Kīlauea Iki (1959) and Mauna Ulu (1969). The tears used to develop these relationships were approximately 1 to 4 mm in diameter. Additionally, since lava fountains 50–580 m high were used, the relationships we describe may only describe lava fountains in this height range. The strongest empirical relation follows the trendline Hmax = −2575d + 820, where Hmax is maximum lava fountain height and d is modal vesicle diameter. This empirical relationship may be applied to sub-Strombolian eruptions of tholeiite basalt that were not directly measured or observed to assess long-term shifts in lava fountain heights and thus the exsolved gas contents of a volcanic system. While the same conceptual framework can be applied beyond Hawai’i, the quantitative empirical relation may be slightly different in different systems, depending on total dissolved volatiles, magma chemistry and other factors.
Potential molecular and cellular mechanisms of the effects of cuproptosis-related genes in the cardiomyocytes of patients with diabetic heart failure: a bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Chen Jinhao , Yang Xu , Li Weiwen , Lin Ying , Lin Run , Cai Xianzhen , Yan Baoxin , Xie Bin , Li Jilin
Published: May 2024

Background

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for heart failure, and diabetes-induced heart failure severely affects patients’ health and quality of life. Cuproptosis is a newly defined type of programmed cell death that is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to identify biomarkers associated with cuproptosis in diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure and the potential pathological mechanisms in cardiomyocytes.

Materials

Cuproptosis-associated genes were identified from the previous publication. The GSE26887 dataset was downloaded from the GEO database.

Methods

The consistency clustering was performed according to the cuproptosis gene expression. Differentially expressed genes were identified using the limma package, key genes were identified using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) method, and these were subjected to immune infiltration analysis, enrichment analysis, and prediction of the key associated transcription factors. Consistency clustering identified three cuproptosis clusters. The differentially expressed genes for each were identified using limma and the most critical MEantiquewhite4 module was obtained using WGCNA. We then evaluated the intersection of the MEantiquewhite4 output with the three clusters, and obtained the key genes.

Results

There were four key genes: HSDL2, BCO2, CORIN, and SNORA80E. HSDL2, BCO2, and CORIN were negatively associated with multiple immune factors, while SNORA80E was positively associated, and T-cells accounted for a major proportion of this relationship with the immune system. Four enriched pathways were found to be associated: arachidonic acid metabolism, peroxisomes, fatty acid metabolism, and dorsoventral axis formation, which may be regulated by the transcription factor MECOM, through a change in protein structure.

Conclusion

HSDL2, BCO2, CORIN, and SNORA80E may regulate cardiomyocyte cuproptosis in patients with diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure through effects on the immune system. The product of the cuproptosis-associated gene LOXL2 is probably involved in myocardial fibrosis in patients with diabetes, which leads to the development of cardiac insufficiency.
Bioelectrical impedance parameters add incremental value to waist-to-hip ratio for prediction of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease in youth with overweight and obesity
Authors: Song Kyungchul , Seol Eun Gyung , Yang Hyejin , Jeon Soyoung , Shin Hyun Joo , Chae Hyun Wook , Kim Eun-Kyung , Kwon Yu-Jin , Lee Ji-Won
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) presents a growing health concern in pediatric populations due to its association with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) offers a non-invasive and potentially effective alternative for identifying MASLD risk in youth with overweight or obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the utility of BIA for screening for MASLD in the youth.

Method

This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 206 children and adolescents aged <20 years who were overweight and obese. The correlations between anthropometric measurements and BIA parameters and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were assessed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between these parameters and ALT level elevation and MASLD score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to assess the predictive ability of the parameters for MASLD.

Results

Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), percentage body fat (PBF), and BIA parameters combined with anthropometric measurements were correlated with ALT level. Logistic regression revealed that WHR, skeletal muscle mass/WHR, PBF-WHR, fat-free mass/WHR, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass/WHR were correlated with ALT level elevation after adjusting for age, sex, and puberty. WHR, PBF-WHR, and visceral fat area (VFA)-WHR were positively correlated with the MASLD score in the total population after adjusting for age, sex, and puberty. PBF-WHR and VFA-WHR were correlated with the MASLD score even in youth with a normal ALT level. The cutoff points and area under the ROC curves were 34.6 and 0.69 for PBF-WHR, respectively, and 86.6 and 0.79 for VFA-WHR, respectively.

Discussion

This study highlights the utility of combining BIA parameters and WHR in identifying the risk of MASLD in overweight and obese youth, even in those with a normal ALT level. BIA-based screening offers a less burdensome and more efficient alternative to conventional MASLD screening methods, facilitating early detection and intervention in youth at risk of MASLD.
Extracellular electrophysiology on clonal human β-cell spheroids
Authors: Puginier Emilie , Leal-Fischer Karen , Gaitan Julien , Lallouet Marie , Scotti Pier-Arnaldo , Raoux Matthieu , Lang Jochen
Published: May 2024

Background

Pancreatic islets are important in nutrient homeostasis and improved cellular models of clonal origin may very useful especially in view of relatively scarce primary material. Close 3D contact and coupling between β-cells are a hallmark of physiological function improving signal/noise ratios. Extracellular electrophysiology using micro-electrode arrays (MEA) is technically far more accessible than single cell patch clamp, enables dynamic monitoring of electrical activity in 3D organoids and recorded multicellular slow potentials (SP) provide unbiased insight in cell-cell coupling.

Objective

We have therefore asked whether 3D spheroids enhance clonal β-cell function such as electrical activity and hormone secretion using human EndoC-βH1, EndoC-βH5 and rodent INS-1 832/13 cells.

Methods

Spheroids were formed either by hanging drop or proprietary devices. Extracellular electrophysiology was conducted using multi-electrode arrays with appropriate signal extraction and hormone secretion measured by ELISA.

Results

EndoC-βH1 spheroids exhibited increased signals in terms of SP frequency and especially amplitude as compared to monolayers and even single cell action potentials (AP) were quantifiable. Enhanced electrical signature in spheroids was accompanied by an increase in the glucose stimulated insulin secretion index. EndoC-βH5 monolayers and spheroids gave electrophysiological profiles similar to EndoC-βH1, except for a higher electrical activity at 3 mM glucose, and exhibited moreover a biphasic profile. Again, physiological concentrations of GLP-1 increased AP frequency. Spheroids also exhibited a higher secretion index. INS-1 cells did not form stable spheroids, but overexpression of connexin 36, required for cell-cell coupling, increased glucose responsiveness, dampened basal activity and consequently augmented the stimulation index

Conclusion

In conclusion, spheroid formation enhances physiological function of the human clonal β-cell lines and these models may provide surrogates for primary islets in extracellular electrophysiology.
Cathepsins and cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Deng Tingting , Lu Xixue , Jia Xuemin , Du Jinxin , Wang Lijuan , Cao Baorui , Yang Meina , Yin Ying , Liu Fanjie
Published: May 2024

Background

Previous observational epidemiological studies reported an association between cathepsins and cancer, however, a causal relationship is uncertain. This study evaluated the causal relationship between cathepsins and cancer using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

We used publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for bidirectional MR analysis. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary MR method of MR analysis.

Results

After correction for the False Discovery Rate (FDR), two cathepsins were found to be significantly associated with cancer risk: cathepsin H (CTSH) levels increased the risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.070, 95% CI = 1.027–1.114, P = 0.001, PFDR= 0.009), and CTSH levels decreased the risk of basal cell carcinoma (OR = 0.947, 95% CI = 0.919–0.975, P = 0.0002, PFDR= 0.002). In addition, there was no statistically significant effect of the 20 cancers on the nine cathepsins. Some unadjusted low P-value phenotypes are worth mentioning, including a positive correlation between cathepsin O (CTSO) and breast cancer (OR = 1.012, 95% CI = 1.001–1.025, P = 0.041), cathepsin S (CTSS) and pharyngeal cancer (OR = 1.017, 95% CI = 1.001–1.034, P = 0.043), and CTSS and endometrial cancer (OR = 1.055, 95% CI = 1.012–1.101, P = 0.012); and there was a negative correlation between cathepsin Z and ovarian cancer (CTSZ) (OR = 0.970, 95% CI = 0.949–0.991, P = 0.006), CTSS and prostate cancer (OR = 0.947, 95% CI = 0.902–0.944, P = 0.028), and cathepsin E (CTSE) and pancreatic cancer (OR = 0.963, 95% CI = 0.938–0.990, P = 0.006).

Conclusion

Our MR analyses showed a causal relationship between cathepsins and cancers and may help provide new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies of cathepsin-mediated cancer.
Changes in specific microbial groups characterize the impact of land conversion to oil palm plantations on peat
Authors: Azizan Siti Noor Fitriah , Murakami Shuichiro , McTaggart Iain , Yusof Nurtasbiyah , Sha’arani Shazwana , Hara Hirofumi , Noborio Kosuke
Published: May 2024

The conversion of tropical peat swamp forests to oil palm plantations has become a focal point in relation to global change. However, it is difficult to understand the ecological consequences of this conversion because little is known about how the microorganisms in these ecosystems respond to land-use conversion. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the microbial community structures of tropical peatland under two land uses, peat swamp forest and oil palm plantation (OP), to investigate how changes in local environmental conditions due to the conversion from forest to OP may have affected the microbial communities. For each land use, the microbial communities were assessed at three depths (0–5 cm, 20–25 cm, and 40–50 cm) using meta-16S amplicon analysis with Illumina Miseq. We found that the microbial communities under both land uses were dominated by anaerobes and fermenters, such as Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which accounted for 80%–90% of the total abundance. There were strong similarities between the microbial communities in the 0–5 cm forest samples and the OP samples at all depths. However, the microbial communities in the 20–25 cm and 40–50 cm forest samples were different from the other samples. The differences in the deeper forest samples were likely related to water table and peat quality. CO2 fluxes from the forest were significantly higher than from OP, with mean fluxes of 190 ± 66.92 and 57.86 ± 33.66 mg m−2 h−1, respectively (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in either CH4 or N2O fluxes between the forest and OP. We detected nine microbial taxa that characterized the differences in the microbial communities between the forest and OP (p > 0.05); Bathyarchaeia, Dadabacteriales, Syntrophobacter, and Subgroup_13 were significantly more abundant in the forest, especially in the deeper peat layers, whereas Acidobacter, Bryobacter, 11–24, Leptospirillum, and WPS-2 were significantly more abundant in the OP (p > 0.05). This study helps improve our understanding of the differences in microbial community structures between peat swamp forests and OP systems.
Mediators of the association between depression and migraine: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Yang , Luo Ge , Zhou Liwang , Wang Xuena , Liu Hui , Zhang Yang , Yan Min
Published: May 2024

Background

An association between depression and migraine has been reported in observational studies; however, conventional observational studies are prone to bias. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between depression and migraine and to quantify the mediating effects of known risk factors.

Methods

We applied two-sample Mendelian randomization and utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms as genetic instruments for exposure (depression) and mediators (sleep traits). We utilized summary data on genome-wide association studies for depression, sleep-related traits mediators and migraine. For depression, genome-wide association studies (depression) were utilized as a test cohort for the primary analysis. Moreover, genome-wide association studies (major depressive disorder) were utilized to test the stability of the results for the validation cohort. IVW and MR-Egger regression were applied to test the heterogeneity, and Cochran’s Q statistics were calculated to quantitatively evaluate the heterogeneity. MR-PRESSO analyses were utilized to examine and correct possible horizontal pleiotropy through removing outliers, and leave-one-out analyses were utilized to identify outlier SNPs.

Results

Genetically predicted depression was associated with migraine (OR = 1.321, 95% CI: 1.184–1.473, p < 0.001). Furthermore, risk factors insomnia was associated with migraine risk (OR = 1.766, 95% CI: 1.120–2.784, p = 0.014). The mediator insomnia accounted for 19.5% of the total effect of depression on migraine.

Conclusion

These results support a potential causal effect of depression on migraine, partly mediated by insomnia. Therefore, the enhancement of sleep quality and difficulty in falling asleep may reduce the migraine burden occasioned by depression.
Case report: Late-onset MELAS syndrome with mtDNA 5783G>A mutation diagnosed by urinary sediment genetic testing
Authors: Cai Hao , Li Li-Min , Zhang Miao , Zhou Yuying , Li Pan
Published: May 2024

Background

Patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) usually present with multisystemic dysfunction with a wide range of clinical manifestations. When the tests for common mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutations are negative and the mtDNA defects hypothesis remains, urine epithelial cells can be used to screen the mitochondrial genome for unknown mutations to confirm the diagnosis.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old Chinese woman presented with symptoms of MELAS and was initially misdiagnosed with acute encephalitis at another institution. Although genetic analysis of blood lymphocyte DNA was negative, brain imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and clinical and laboratory findings, were all suggestive of MELAS. Finally, the patient was eventually diagnosed with MELAS with the mtDNA 5783G>A mutation in the MT-TC gene with a urinary sediment genetic test.

Conclusion

This case report expands the genetic repertoire associated with MELAS syndrome and highlights the importance that full mtDNA sequencing should be warranted beside the analysis of classical variants when a mitochondrial disorder is highly suspected. Furthermore, urine sediment genetic testing has played a crucial role in the diagnosis of MELAS.
Role of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in development of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism in lung cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy
Authors: Cheng Yi , Zhao Yunfeng , Xu Mei , Du He , Sun Jinyuan , Yao Qihuan , Qu Jianmin , Liu Song , Guo Xuejun , Xiong Wei
Published: May 2024

Background

The role of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), especially the long-acting factor in the development of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) in lung cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy has been understudied, although the use of rhG-CSF has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of VTE.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 1,673 lung cancer patients who underwent hospitalized chemotherapy. We performed propensity score matching to offset confounding factors related to cancer-associated VTE development and classified the patients into short-acting (N = 273), long-acting (N = 273), and no rhG-CSF (N = 273) groups. The primary outcome was cumulative cancer-associated VTE development three months after all cycles of chemotherapy.

Results

The overall VTE incidence in the short-acting, long-acting, and no rhG-CSF groups was 5.5%, 10.3%, and 2.2%, respectively (P <0.001). The VTE incidence in the long-acting rhG-CSF group was higher than that in the short-acting (P = 0.039) and no rhG-CSF groups (P <0.001). The VTE incidence in the short-acting rhG-CSF group was higher than that in the no rhG-CSF group (P = 0.045). The use of rhG-CSF (hazard ratio [HR] 2.337; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.236–5.251], P = 0.006) was positively correlated with VTE development among all patients, whereas the use of long-acting rhG-CSF (HR 1.917, 95% CI [1.138–4.359]; P = 0.016), was positively correlated with VTE development in patients receiving rhG-CSF.

Conclusion

The use of rhG-CSF, especially long-acting rhG-CSF, increases the risk of cancer-associated VTE development compared to no rhG-CSF use in lung cancer patients who undergo hospitalized chemotherapy.
From mechanism to therapy: the journey of CD24 in cancer
Authors: Zhao Kai , Wu Caifeng , Li Xiangjun , Niu Mengchao , Wu Dan , Cui Xiaofeng , Zhao Hai
Published: May 2024

CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that is expressed in a wide range of tissues and cell types. It is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Additionally, CD24 has been studied extensively in the context of cancer, where it has been found to play a role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. In recent years, there has been growing interest in CD24 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CD24, including its structure, function, and its role in cancer. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of CD24 and discuss possible approaches for the development of targeted cancer therapies.
Chromatin as alarmins in necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Nofi Colleen P. , Prince Jose M. , Wang Ping , Aziz Monowar
Published: May 2024

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting premature neonates, marked by poorly understood pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. Recent advancements have shed light on a subset of endogenous molecular patterns, termed chromatin-associated molecular patterns (CAMPs), which belong to the broader category of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). CAMPs play a crucial role in recognizing pattern recognition receptors and orchestrating inflammatory responses. This review focuses into the realm of CAMPs, highlighting key players such as extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), cell-free DNA, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), histones, and extracellular RNA. These intrinsic molecules, often perceived as foreign, have the potential to trigger immune signaling pathways, thus contributing to NEC pathogenesis. In this review, we unravel the current understanding of the involvement of CAMPs in both preclinical and clinical NEC scenarios. We also focus on elucidating the downstream signaling pathways activated by these molecular patterns, providing insights into the mechanisms that drive inflammation in NEC. Moreover, we scrutinize the landscape of targeted therapeutic approaches, aiming to mitigate the impact of tissue damage in NEC. This in-depth exploration offers a comprehensive overview of the role of CAMPs in NEC, bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical insights.
A new legacy: potential of zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry in the analysis of North American megafaunal remains
Authors: Antonosyan Mariya , Hill Eden , Jodry Margaret , Amano Noel , Brown Samantha , Rick Torben , Boivin Nicole
Published: May 2024

Museum legacy collections, often derived from large-scale archaeological excavations, can serve as paleoenvironmental archives of Late Pleistocene megafaunal composition and dynamics. Many of these collections, however, contain large quantities of highly fragmented and morphologically indistinct bones that cannot be identified to a specific taxon and are therefore of limited use to paleoenvironmental and archaeological analyses. Here, we explore the potential of Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) to identify fossil bone fragments and complement morphological identifications in legacy collections housed at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History. To undertake this work, we collected fragmented bone specimens of Late Pleistocene megafauna from six archaeological sites in Colorado that are currently housed in the Department of Anthropology, and then performed pilot ZooMS screening. Our analysis successfully retrieved taxonomic information from 80% of the analyzed material, highlighting the potential of future ZooMS studies on museum collections to investigate human-megafaunal interactions in late Pleistocene North America.