bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Methods of Karhunen–Loève Expansion for Spatial Data
Authors: Hu Juan , Zhang Hao
Published: May 2015

With the development of technology,
a large amount of spatial data are usually observed in many applications. These massive spatial data impose a challenge to the traditional spatial data analysis primarily because of the large covariance matrix. One way to overcome the computation burden is to utilize a low rank model. The optimal low rank model is provided by the Karhunen–Loève (KL) expansion of the spatial process. However, the inference and prediction of the spatial data require an efficient algorithm for the KL expansion.
In this paper, we compare four algorithms that have been proposed to numerically obtain the KL expansion. It is found that the Gaussian quadrature method outperforms the others for spatial processes.
Influence of hot-water extraction on ultrastructure and distribution of glucomannans and xylans in poplar xylem as detected by gold immunolabeling
Authors: Blumentritt Melanie , Gardner Douglas J. , Cole Barbara J.W. , Shaler Stephen M.
Published: May 2015

Pre-extraction of hemicelluloses from lignocellulosic feedstock has been a research focus during the last decade within the context of lignocellulosic biorefineries. In this study, the effect of hot-water extraction (HWE) on the topochemistry and ultrastructure of poplar wood (Populus sp.) was investigated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) paired with immunogold labeling of the hemicelluloses. The cell walls of HWE wood (HWEW) differ significantly in their ultrastructure from neat wood, i.e., there are many distorted cells and agglomerations of lignin and extractives agglomerations in the cell lumina. Results of immunogold labeling indicate that different types of hemicelluloses are extracted at different stages and both their concentration and distribution within the wood cell wall layers are affected by the HWE. Hemicelluloses more closely associated with lignin appear to be more easily removed by HWE. Lignins are also extracted partially and altered. Results provide a holistic view of chemical and ultrastructural changes including the associated changes in hemicelluloses and lignin distribution in HWEW. The obtained data could be helpful to understand better the mechanical properties and adhesion related issues of HWEW for wood composite production.
The Stress Relaxation Of Modified Bitumens
Authors: Coufalík Pavel , Dašek Ondřej , Kachtík Jiří , Kudrna Jan , Stoklásek Svatopluk
Published: May 2015

The Asphalt pavements in Central and Eastern Europe have to be resistant to high and very low temperatures and climatic changes. Especially emphasize influence of low temperatures seems to be critical parameter. That is why the modified bitumens with low temperature susceptibility and with high resistance to low temperature cracking are searched for. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) can be used as a quick method that can evaluate the modification system of bituminous binders. The advantage of DSR testing is also related to possibility of comparison of unaged and aged bitumen.

The relaxations of shear stress of several asphalt rubber binders (containing 11 %, 13 %, 15 % and 17 % of crumb rubber) and paving bitumen were determined in DSR at the temperature of 0 °C and −10 °C. Relaxation tests were performed in the controlled strain regime. Total shear strain (rotation of upper geometry) was set to 1 % of the sample thickness and stress was applied for 60 s. Relaxation time was set to a period of 15 minutes. The shear stress relaxation behaviour of unaged bitumens and bitumens aged after 75 minutes and 225 minutes in Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) is presented and discussed.
Quantum finite time availability for parametric oscillators
Authors: Hoffmann Karl Heinz , Schmidt Kim , Salamon Peter
Published: May 2015

The availability of a thermodynamic system out of equilibrium with its environment
describes its ability to perform work in a reversible process
which brings it to equilibrium with this environment.
Processes in finite time can usually not be performed reversibly thus leading to unavoidable losses.
In order to account for these losses the concept of finite time availability was introduced.
We here add a new feature through the introduction of quantum finite time availability
for an ensemble of parametric oscillators. For such systems there exists a certain critical time,
the FEAT time.
Quantum finite time availability quantifies the available work from
processes which are shorter than the FEAT time of the oscillator ensemble.
Von den Schützengräben zur NSDAP. Kriegskultur und Politisierung der nationalsozialistischen Reichstagsabgeordneten
Authors: Patin Nicolas
Published: May 2015

What was the main reason for German people to join the Nazi Party? In the historical literature, the First World War has been often depicted as a major explanation: the conflict is supposed to have created a »war culture« that would have led to the political mobilization of many Nazis. An analysis of the national-socialist members of the Reichstag between 1919 and 1933 does not contradict this hypothesis. Indeed, 80 percent of NSDAP MP‘s were war veterans. Nevertheless, in other parties too, an enormous proportion of delegates were veterans. Actually other particularities can be identified among Nazi members of the Parliament. The combination of these factors with the war experience can provide a more thorough and realistic picture. Therefore the NSDAP had not the monopoly on war experience, but the one on youth and war experience. The Nazi MP‘s were ten years younger than the other fractions of the Parliament. Moreover, a higher part of them were career soldiers, and soldiers‘ sons. They were also more attached to the countryside, by birth, profession, their fathers‘ professions or the subjects they decided to study. All these criteria lead to question the usual excessive focus on war experience. The Nazi political commitment was much more complex.
Effects of initial crystallization process on piezoelectricity of PVDF-HFP films
Authors: Hu Bin , Hu Ning , Wu Liangke , Liu Feng , Liu Yaolu , Ning Huiming , Atobe Satoshi , Fukunaga Hisao
Published: May 2015

The effects of some important factors in the initial crystallization process of the solution casting method on the piezoelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) films were extensively explored. The experimental results revealed that there is an optimal initial crystallization temperature at around 90°C. The slow cooling speed can moderately enhance the degree of crystallinity. The most important finding was that a bilayer crystalline structure caused by an asymmetrical heating pattern can enhance the formation of packed micro-fibrillar morphologies after drawing. These three points can increase the piezoelectricity of the PVDF-HFP films, indicating the increase of the extended-chain crystals (β-phase).
Observations of surface-mediated reduction of Pu(VI) to Pu(IV) on hematite nanoparticles by ATR FT-IR
Authors: Emerson Hilary P. , Powell Brian A.
Published: May 2015

Previous studies have shown that mineral surfaces may facilitate the reduction of plutonium though the mechanisms of the reduction are
still unknown. The objective of this study is to use batch sorption and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy experiments to observe the surface-mediated reduction of plutonium on hematite nanoparticles. These techniques allow for
in situ measurement of reduction of plutonium with time and may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of surface mediated
reduction of plutonium. For the first time, ATR FT-IR peaks for Pu(VI) sorbed to hematite are measured at ∼ 916 cm
–1, respectively. The decrease in peak intensity with time provides a real-time, direct measurement of Pu(VI)
reduction on the hematite surface. In this work pseudo first order rate constants estimated at the high loadings
(22 mgPu/ghematite, 1.34 · 10
–6 MPu/m2) for ATR FT-IR are approximately 10 × slower
than at trace concentrations based on previous work. It is proposed that the reduced rate constant at higher Pu loadings occurs after
the reduction capacity due to trace Fe(II) has been exhausted and is dependent on the oxidation of water and possibly electron
shuttling based on the semiconducting nature of hematite. Therefore, the reduction rate at higher loadings is possibly due to the
thermodynamic favorability of Pu(IV)-hydroxide complexes.
Ground-state and isomeric-state cross sections for the 138Ce(n,2n)137Ce reaction from its threshold to 20 MeV
Authors: Luo Junhua , An Li , Jiang Li
Published: May 2015

The cross sections of the 138Ce(n, 2n)137m,gCe reactions and their isomeric cross section ratios
σ
m/σ
g were measured at three neutron energies between 13.5 and 14.8 MeV using
the activation technique. CeO2 samples and Nb monitor foils were activated together to determine the reaction cross section
and the incident neutron flux. The monoenergetic neutron beams were formed via the 3H(d, n)4He reaction. The
activities induced in the reaction products were measured using high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy. The pure cross section of
the ground-state was derived from the absolute cross section of the metastable state and the residual nuclear decay analysis. The cross
sections were also estimated using the nuclear model code, TALYS-1.6 with different level density options at neutron energies varying
from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV. Results are discussed and compared with the corresponding literature data.
Development of banana-based weaning food mixes for infants and its nutritional quality evaluation
Authors: Chitra Pothiraj
Published: May 2015

Banana-based weaning food mixes were developed from the Nendran variety to study the nutritional quality of the mixes and feasibility of marketing on a commercial scale. Chemical composition viz., moisture, acid, pH, reducing and total sugars, protein and β-carotene of the developed banana-based weaning mixes were analysed. The trypsin inhibitor activity reduced during cooking, and the flatus compound could not be measured due to its very meagre gas production. The α-amylase activity and in vitro protein and carbohydrate digestibilities were also analysed. A feeding trial of the developed mixes was conducted in infants as a supplement to study the nutritional quality of the developed banana-based weaning food mixes. Results showed an increase in all the anthropometric measurements during the feeding period, and the developed mixes can be prepared on a commercial scale to prevent malnutrition and undernutrition during the rapid growing period of infants.
Temporal phases of long-term potentiation (LTP): myth or fact?
Authors: Abbas Abdul-Karim , Villers Agnès , Ris Laurence
Published: May 2015

Long-term potentiation (LTP) remains the most widely accepted model for learning and memory. In accordance with this belief, the temporal differentiation of LTP into early and late phases is accepted as reflecting the differentiation of short-term and long-term memory. Moreover, during the past 30 years, protein synthesis inhibitors have been used to separate the early, protein synthesis-independent (E-LTP) phase and the late, protein synthesis-dependent (L-LTP) phase. However, the role of these proteins has not been formally identified. Additionally, several reports failed to show an effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on LTP. In this review, a detailed analysis of extensive behavioral and electrophysiological data reveals that the presumed correspondence of LTP temporal phases to memory phases is neither experimentally nor theoretically consistent. Moreover, an overview of the time courses of E-LTP in hippocampal slices reveals a wide variability ranging from <1 h to more than 5 h. The existence of all these conflictual findings should lead to a new vision of LTP. We believe that the E-LTP vs. L-LTP distinction, established with protein synthesis inhibitor studies, reflects a false dichotomy. We suggest that the duration of LTP and its dependency on protein synthesis are related to the availability of a set of proteins at synapses and not to thede novosynthesis of plasticity-related proteins. This availability is determined by protein turnover kinetics, which is regulated by previous and ongoing electrical activities and by energy store availability.
Third-Party Punishment under Judicial Review: An Economic Experiment on the Effects of a Two-Tier Punishment System
Authors: Lewisch Peter , Ottone Stefania , Ponzano Ferruccio
Published: May 2015

This paper analyses, by means of an economic experiment, the impact of a vertical review on third-party punishment. Whereas the existing empirical literature has studied, under many different aspects, third-party costly punishment as such, it has not addressed the impact of a second “instance” (competent to overrule punishment decisions by the first punisher) on the incidence and amount of such first-instance punishment and the underlying unwanted behaviour (“stealing”). In this paper, we apply experimental methodology that allows us to construct in the lab the counterfactual context for a direct institutional comparison that we cannot find in real life. In particular, we examine first of all whether and how the presence of a second “vertical” punishment layer (i.e. of a “second instance”) affects the amount of punishment imposed in the first instance. Secondly, we check whether the presence of a second level of punishment has a deterrent effect on the underlying (undesired) behaviour. Finally, we examine the level of satisfaction of the victims in all scenarios. In our experiments, we find that the introduction of a second (vertical) tier of punishment increases (i) the level of punishment provided for in the first instance, (ii) deterrence with regard to the underlying behaviour (i.e. a reduction in the number of “thefts” being committed), and also (iii) the level of satisfaction for victims. Real-world applications of this study are plentiful, including the organisation of courts and the appeals process as a whole. Our evidence confirms that the presence of an “instance” (a second tier of legal decision making) is, other things equal, likely to generate beneficial effects.
Investigation of Positively Curved Blade in Compressor Cascade Based on Transition Model
Authors: Chen Shaowen , Lan Yunhe , Zhou Zhihua , Wang Songtao
Published: May 2015

Experiment and numerical simulation of flow transition in a compressor cascade with positively curved blade is carried out in a low speed. In the experimental investigation, the outlet aerodynamic parameters are measured using a five-hole aerodynamic probe, and an ink-trace flow visualization is applied to the cascade surface. The effects of transition flow on the boundary layer development, three-dimensional flow separation and aerodynamic performance are studied. The feasibility of a commercial computational fluid dynamic code is validated and the numerical results show a good agreement with experimental data. The blade-positive curving intensifies the radial force from the endwalls to the mid-span near the suction surface, which leads to the smaller scope of the intermittent region, the lesser extents of turbulence intensity and the shorter radial height of the separation bubble near the endwalls, but has little influence on the flow near the mid-span. The large passage vortex is divided into two smaller shedding vortexes under the impact of the radial pressure gradient due to the positively curved blade. The new concentrated shedding vortex results in an increase in the turbulence intensity and secondary flow loss of the corresponding region.
Selective Deletion of Cochlear Hair Cells Causes Rapid Age-Dependent Changes in Spiral Ganglion and Cochlear Nucleus Neurons
Authors: Tong Ling , Strong Melissa K. , Kaur Tejbeer , Juiz Jose M. , Oesterle Elizabeth C. , Hume Clifford , Warchol Mark E. , Palmiter Richard D. , Rubel Edwin W
Published: May 2015

During nervous system development, critical periods are usually defined as early periods during which manipulations dramatically change neuronal structure or function, whereas the same manipulations in mature animals have little or no effect on the same property. Neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus (CN) are dependent on excitatory afferent input for survival during a critical period of development. Cochlear removal in young mammals and birds results in rapid death of target neurons in the CN. Cochlear removal in older animals results in little or no neuron death. However, the extent to which hair-cell-specific afferent activity prevents neuronal death in the neonatal brain is unknown. We further explore this phenomenon using a new mouse model that allows temporal control of cochlear hair cell deletion. Hair cells express the human diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor behind thePou4f3promoter. Injections of DT resulted in nearly complete loss of organ of Corti hair cells within 1 week of injection regardless of the age of injection. Injection of DT did not influence surrounding supporting cells directly in the sensory epithelium or spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Loss of hair cells in neonates resulted in rapid and profound neuronal loss in the ventral CN, but not when hair cells were eliminated at a more mature age. In addition, normal survival of SGNs was dependent on hair cell integrity early in development and less so in mature animals. This defines a previously undocumented critical period for SGN survival.
A Structural and Genotypic Scaffold Underlying Temporal Integration
Authors: Lee Melanie M. , Arrenberg Aristides B. , Aksay Emre R.F.
Published: May 2015

The accumulation and storage of information over time, temporal integration, is key to numerous behaviors. Many oculomotor tasks depend on integration of eye-velocity signals to eye-position commands, a transformation achieved by a hindbrain cell group termed the velocity-to-position neural integrator (VPNI). Although the VPNI's coding properties have been well characterized, its mechanism of function remains poorly understood because few links exist between neuronal activity, structure, and genotypic identity. To fill this gap, we used calcium imaging and single-cell electroporation during oculomotor behaviors to map VPNI neural activity in zebrafish onto a hindbrain scaffold consisting of alternating excitatory and inhibitory parasagittal stripes. Three distinct classes of VPNI cells were identified. One glutamatergic class was medially located along a stripe associated with thealxtranscription factor; these cells had ipsilateral projections terminating near abducens motoneurons and collateralized extensively within the ipsilateral VPNI in a manner consistent with integration through recurrent excitation. A second glutamatergic class was more laterally located along a stripe associated with transcription factordbx1b; these glutamatergic cells had contralateral projections collateralizing near abducens motoneurons, consistent with a role in disconjugate eye movements. A third class, immunohistochemically suggested to be GABAergic, was located primarily in thedbx1bstripe and also had contralateral projections terminating near abducens motoneurons; these cells collateralized extensively in the dendritic field of contralateral VPNI neurons, consistent with a role in coordinating activity between functionally opposing populations. This mapping between VPNI activity, structure, and genotype may provide a blueprint for understanding the mechanisms governing temporal integration.
Translational Control of Myelin Basic Protein Expression by ERK2 MAP Kinase Regulates Timely Remyelination in the Adult Brain
Authors: Michel Kelly , Zhao Tianna , Karl Molly , Lewis Katherine , Fyffe-Maricich Sharyl L.
Published: May 2015

Successful myelin repair in the adult CNS requires the robust and timely production of myelin proteins to generate new myelin sheaths. The underlying regulatory mechanisms and complex molecular basis of myelin regeneration, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of ERK MAP kinase signaling in this process. Conditional deletion ofErk2from cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage resulted in delayed remyelination following demyelinating injury to the adult mouse corpus callosum. The delayed repair occurred as a result of a specific deficit in the translation of the major myelin protein, MBP. In the absence of ERK2, activation of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and its downstream target, ribosomal protein S6 (S6RP), was impaired at a critical time when premyelinating oligodendrocytes were transitioning to mature cells capable of generating new myelin sheaths. Thus, we have described an important link between the ERK MAP kinase signaling cascade and the translational machinery specifically in remyelinating oligodendrocytesin vivo. These results suggest an important role for ERK2 in the translational control of MBP, a myelin protein that appears critical for ensuring the timely generation of new myelin sheaths following demyelinating injury in the adult CNS.
Delayed Activation of Spinal Microglia Contributes to the Maintenance of Bone Cancer Pain in Female Wistar Rats via P2X7 Receptor and IL-18
Authors: Yang Yan , Li Hui , Li Ting-Ting , Luo Hao , Gu Xi-Yao , Lü Ning , Ji Ru-Rong , Zhang Yu-Qiu
Published: May 2015

Accumulating evidence suggests that activation of spinal microglia contributes to the development of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, the role of spinal microglia in the maintenance of chronic pain remains controversial. Bone cancer pain shares features of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, but the temporal activation of microglia and astrocytes in this model is not well defined. Here, we report an unconventional role of spinal microglia in the maintenance of advanced-phase bone cancer pain in a female rat model. Bone cancer elicited delayed and persistent microglial activation in the spinal dorsal horn on days 14 and 21, but not on day 7. In contrast, bone cancer induced rapid and persistent astrocytic activation on days 7–21. Spinal inhibition of microglia by minocycline at 14 d effectively reduced bone cancer-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia. However, pretreatment of minocycline in the first week did not affect the development of cancer pain. Bone cancer increased ATP levels in CSF, and upregulated P2X7 receptor, phosphorylated p38, and IL-18 in spinal microglia. Spinal inhibition of P2X7/p-38/IL-18 pathway reduced advanced-phase bone cancer pain and suppressed hyperactivity of spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons. IL-18 induced allodynia and hyperalgesia after intrathecal injection, elicited mechanical hyperactivity of WDR neuronsin vivo, and increased the frequency of mEPSCs in spinal lamina IIo nociceptive synapses in spinal cord slices. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel role of microglia in maintaining advanced phase cancer pain in females via producing the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 to enhance synaptic transmission of spinal cord nociceptive neurons.
Evaluation of the SLICS use in the treatment of subaxial cervical spine injuries
Authors: Cruz Halisson Y. F. da , Joaquim Andrei F. , Tedeschi Helder , Patel Alpesh A.
Published: May 2015

The SLICS (Sub-axial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System) was proposed to help in the decision-making of sub-axial cervical spine trauma (SCST), even though the literature assessing its safety and efficacy is scarce. Method We compared a cohort series of patients surgically treated based on surgeon’s preference with patients treated based on the SLICS. Results From 2009-10, 12 patients were included. The SLICS score ranged from 2 to 9 points (mean of 5.5). Two patients had the SLICS < 4 points. From 2011-13, 28 patients were included. The SLICS score ranged from 4 to 9 points (mean of 6). There was no neurological deterioration in any group. Conclusion After using the SLICS there was a decrease in the number of patients with less severe injuries that were treated surgically. This suggests that the SLICS can be helpful in differentiating mild from severe injuries, potentially improving the results of treatment.
Coherence of brain electrical activity: a quality of life indicator in Alzheimer’s disease?Coerência da atividade elétrica cerebral: indicador da qualidade de vida na doença de Alzheimer?
Authors: Fonseca Lineu Corrêa , Tedrus Gloria M. A. S. , Rezende Ana Laura R. A. , Giordano Heitor F.
Published: May 2015

Objective To investigate the relationships between quality of life (QOL) and clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) aspects in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method Twenty-eight patients with mild or moderate AD, 31 with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 27 normal controls (NC) were submitted to: CERAD neuropsychological battery, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, Functional Activities Questionnaire, QOL scale for patients with AD, and quantitative EEG measures. Results AD and PD patients had similar QOL (31.0 ± 5.8; 31.7 ± 4.8, respectively), worse than that of NC (37.5 ± 6.3). AD patients had lower global interhemispheric theta coherence (0.49 ± 0.04; 0.52 ± 0.05; 0.52 ± 0.05; respectively) than PD and NC. Multiple linear regression for QOL of AD patients revealed that global interhemispheric theta coherence, and Hamilton depression scores were significant factors (coefficients; 58.2 and -0.27, respectively; R2, 0.377). Conclusion Interhemispheric coherence correlates with QOL regardless of cognitive and functional variables and seems to be a neurophysiological indicator of QOL in AD patients.
Predictors of pneumonia in acute stroke in patients in an emergency unit
Authors: Almeida Sara R. M. , Bahia Mariana M. , Lima Fabrício O. , Paschoal Ilma A. , Cardoso Tânia A. M. O. , Li Li Min
Published: May 2015

Objective To evaluate the risk factors and comorbid conditions associated with the development of pneumonia in patients with acute stroke. To determine the independent predictors of pneumonia. Method Retrospective study from July to December 2011. We reviewed all medical charts with diagnosis of stroke. Results 159 patients (18-90 years) were admitted. Prevalence of pneumonia was 32%. Pneumonia was more frequent in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (OR: 4.36; 95%CI: 1.9-10.01, p < 0.001), higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (p = 0.047) and, lower Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) (p < 0.0001). Patients with pneumonia had longer hospitalization (p < 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified NIHSS as an independent predictor of pneumonia (95%CI: 1.049-1.246, p = 0.002). Conclusion Pneumonia was associated with severity and type of stroke and length of hospital stay. The severity of the deficit as evaluated by the NIHSS was shown to be the only independent risk factor for pneumonia in acute stroke patients.
Effects of age on histological parameters of the sweat glands of Nellore cattle
Authors: Nascimento Mara Regina Bueno de Mattos , Dias Enéias Aurélio , Santos Thaisa Reis dos , Ayres Gustavo Ferreira , Nascimento Carolina Cardoso Nagib , Beletti Marcelo Emílio
Published: May 2015

The sweat glands are important in thermoregulation of cattle in a warm environment as they help dissipate heat through evaporation. Studies on gland histology are important to define its secretion potential and the capacity of perspiration and heat removal. The objective of this study was to determine, by histomorphometry, glandular epithelium height, the depth of the gland, length of the glandular portion and number of glands per cm2 of the sweat glands of the three age groups of Nellore cattle. Thirty females were used in this study. They were equally divided into calves, heifers and cows. Histological sections were obtained and analyzed by digital images in Trinocular BX40 Olympus microscope coupled to an Oly - 200 camera, connected to a computer. The images were obtained with microscope with 2x, 4x, 10x and 40x magnification objectives. The measurements were performed using HL Image 97 program. The height of glandular epithelium, depth of the glands, length and density of the glandular portion per cm2 , were all analyzed. The calves showed greater height of the glandular epithelium than heifers (P = 0.0024), and cows (P = 0.0191). The depth of the gland was not influenced by age. Cows had higher length of secretory portion than heifers (P = 0.0379) and calves (P = 0.0077). Heifers had a greater number of sweat glands per cm2 of skin than cows (P = 0.023). In cattle, the height of glandular epithelium and the density decreases as animals get older. On the other hand, the length of the secretor portion increases but with no changes in the depth of the sweat glands
Histological alterations in liver and testis of Astyanax aff. bimaculatus caused by acute exposition to zinc
Authors: Santos* Daiane Cristina Marques dos , Cupertino Marli do Carmo , Matta Sérgio Luis Pinto da , Oliveira Juraci Alves de , Santos Jorge Abdala Dergam dos
Published: May 2015

This study investigated the effect of acute exposition to zinc (Zn) on histology of the liver and testes of yellow tail lambari (Astyanax aff. bimaculatus). The exposure consisted of six concentrations of Zn (0, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L) for 96 hours of exposure. Fragments of liver and testis were routinely processed and embedded in plastic resin based on glycol methacrylate. Fragments of bones, muscles, liver and testis were dehydrated and digested to quantify the absorption levels of Zn in the tissue. Acute exposure to concentrations above 10mg/L has produced structural changes in the liver and gonads. The changes found in the liver were vascular congestion; decrease of cellular volume; displacement of the hepatocyte nucleus; necrosis; disarrangement of cordon structure; leukocyte infiltrate and vacuolization. The changes found in the gonads were ruptured cyst, delayed development of germ cells, pyknotic nucleus, cell cluster, displacement of cyst wall and vacuolization. The histological changes observed were compatible with the increasing concentration of zinc in environment, compromising liver and reproductive functions, because there was an increase in relative frequency of hepatocytes and reduced sperm production
Influência da escala de produção no impacto econômico da mastite em rebanhos bovinos leiteiros
Authors: Demeu Fabiana Alves , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Rocha Christiane Maria Barcellos Magalhães da , Costa Geraldo Márcio da , Santos Glauber dos , Neto Agnelo Franco
Published: May 2015

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram analisar e quantificar a influência da escala de produção no impacto econômico da mastite em rebanhos bovinos leiteiros. A pesquisa foi realizada, por meio de simulação, no sistema computacional CU$TO MASTITE, com rebanhos leiteiros de 50, 100 e 150 vacas em lactação. Foram consideradas como de prevenção as despesas com monitoramento (cultura e antibiograma, CCST e CCSI), pré e pós dipping, vacinação, tratamento de vacas secas e manutenção de ordenhadeira. Como medidas curativas, consideraram-se os tratamentos com casos clínicos, cuja percentagem foi de 7% das vacas em lactação. O impacto da mastite foi estimado como sendo o total de perdas, acrescido das despesas com prevenção e tratamento de casos clínicos. O aumento da escala de produção resultou em menor impacto econômico da mastite por vaca em lactação. Quando se analisou o efeito da escala de produção, os maiores responsáveis pelo impacto econômico foram, em ordem decrescente, as perdas com descarte de leite, o tratamento curativo de animais acometidos clinicamente e a redução da produção de leite. As despesas com tratamento preventivo representaram, no máximo, 11,7% do impacto econômico, o que demonstra vantagens em investir nessa prática, que irá contribuir significativamente para diminuição do impacto econômico da mastite
Characterization of heat tolerance in wheat cultivars and effects on production components
Authors: Pimentel Adérico Júnior Badaró , Rocha João Romero do Amaral Santos de Carvalho , Souza Moacil Alves de , Ribeiro Guilherme , Silva Carolina Ramalho , Oliveira Isadora Cristina Martins
Published: May 2015

Abstract: There is a need for heat tolerant wheat cultivars adapted to the expansion of cultivation areas in warmer regions due to the high demand of this cereal for human consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high temperatures on grain yield and yield components of wheat and characterize heat tolerant wheat genotypes at different development stages. The genotypes were evaluated in the field with and without heat stress. High temperatures reduced the number of spikelets per spike (21%), number of grains per spike (39%), number of grains per spikelet (23%), 1000-grain weight (27%) and grain yield (79%). Cultivars MGS 1 Aliança, Embrapa 42, IAC 24-Tucuruí and IAC 364-Tucuruí III are the most tolerant to heat stress between the stages double ridge and terminal spikelet; MGS 1 Aliança, BRS 264, IAC 24-Tucuruí, IAC 364-Tucuruí III and VI 98053, between meiosis and anthesis; and BRS 254, IAC-24-Tucuruí, IAC-364-Tucuruí III and VI 98053, between anthesis and physiological maturity. High temperatures reduce grain yield and yield components. The number of grains per spike is the most reduced component under heat stress. The genotypes differed in tolerance to heat stress in different developmental stages.
Micropropagação e germinação de sementes in vitro de atroveran
Authors: Monfort Lucila Elizabeth Fragoso , Pinto José Eduardo Brasil Pereira , Bertolucci Suzan Kelly Vilela , Rossi Zélia Terezinha Teixeira , Lima Andreísa Fabri , Silva Sâmia Torres , Silva Giselly Mota da
Published: May 2015

Atroveran (Ocimum selloi Benth. - Lamiaceae) é uma espécie medicinal, usada para distúrbios digestivos e tratamento de inflamações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estabelecimento de segmentos nodais, germinação e crescimento, in vitro, de plântulas de atroveran, em diferentes concentrações de sacarose do meio MS e a aclimatização de plântulas em diferentes substratos. Para o estabelecimento e crescimento, utilizaram-se três concentrações do meio de cultura (MS, 1/2MS e 1/4MS) e duas concentrações de sacarose (15 g/L, 30 g/L e o controle). Para a germinação, as variações do meio de cultura foram: MS, 1/2MS, 1/4MS e 0MS (controle) e duas concentrações de sacarose (15 g/L, 30 g/L e o controle). Para a aclimatização, avaliaram-se os substratos: areia fina lavada, substrato comercial, solo e solo+esterco bovino (2:1). O uso de sacarose foi essencial para o estabelecimento e crescimento dos segmentos nodais de atroveran. Recomendam-se, assim, 15 g/L de açúcar. O 1/2MS é o mais indicado para o estabelecimento dos explantes e, o 1/4MS, para o crescimento de segmentos nodais desta espécie. Maior percentagem de germinação e maior índice de velocidade de germinação foram observados na ausência da sacarose. Para o crescimento até 30 dias, recomenda-se o uso do meio 1/4MS sem sacarose e, para manutenção das plântulas, in vitro, o meio 1/4MS suplementado com 15 g/L de sacarose. Para a aclimatização de atroveran, o substrato comercial proporcionou maior crescimento das plântulas.
Effects of iodinated contrast agent, xylocaine and gadolinium concentration on the signal emitted in magnetic resonance arthrography: a samples study
Authors: Silva Yvana Lopes Pinheiro da , Costa Rita Zanlorensi Visneck , Pinho Kátia Elisa Prus , Ferreira Ricardo Rabello , Schuindt Sueliton Miyamoto
Published: May 2015

Objective:To investigate the effects of dilution of paramagnetic contrast agent with iodinated contrast and xylocaine on the signal intensity during magnetic resonance arthrography, and to improve the paramagnetic contrast agent concentration utilized in this imaging modality.Materials and Methods:Samples specially prepared for the study with three different concentrations of paramagnetic contrast agent diluted in saline, iodinated contrast agent and xylocaine were imaged with fast spin echo T1-weighted sequences with fat saturation. The samples were placed into flasks and graphical analysis of the signal intensity was performed as a function of the paramagnetic contrast concentration.Results:As compared with samples of equal concentrations diluted only with saline, the authors have observed an average signal intensity decrease of 20.67% for iodinated contrast agent, and of 28.34% for xylocaine. However, the increased gadolinium concentration in the samples caused decrease in signal intensity with all the dilutions.Conclusion:Minimizing the use of iodinated contrast media and xylocaine and/or the use of a gadolinium concentration of 2.5 mmol/L diluted in saline will improve the sensitivity of magnetic resonance arthrography.
Toxic and metabolic encephalopathies: iconographic essay
Authors: Bimbato Eric Mendonça , Carvalho Amanda Gontijo , Reis Fabiano
Published: May 2015

Generally, toxic-metabolic diseases affecting the central nervous system can hardly be differentiated just on the basis of their clinical presentation. However, some typical neuroradiological features can guide the correct diagnosis. In this context, magnetic resonance imaging is an important tool which, in association with clinical and laboratory data, can establish an early and specific treatment. The present pictorial essay with selected cases from the archives of the authors' institution describes imaging findings which might help in the etiologic diagnosis of toxic-metabolic diseases.
Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in children: state of the art
Authors: Teixeira Sara Reis , Elias Junior Jorge , Nogueira-Barbosa Marcello Henrique , Guimarães Marcos Duarte , Marchiori Edson , Santos Marcel Koenigkam
Published: May 2015

Whole-body imaging in children was classically performed with radiography, positron-emission tomography, either combined or not with computed tomography, the latter with the disadvantage of exposure to ionizing radiation. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in association with the recently developed metabolic and functional techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging, has brought the advantage of a comprehensive evaluation of pediatric patients without the risks inherent to ionizing radiation usually present in other conventional imaging methods. It is a rapid and sensitive method, particularly in pediatrics, for detecting and monitoring multifocal lesions in the body as a whole. In pediatrics, it is utilized for both oncologic and non-oncologic indications such as screening and diagnosis of tumors in patients with genetic syndromes, evaluation of disease extent and staging, evaluation of therapeutic response and post-therapy follow-up, evaluation of non neoplastic diseases such as multifocal osteomyelitis, vascular malformations and syndromes affecting multiple regions of the body. The present review was aimed at describing the major indications of whole-body MRI in pediatrics added of technical considerations.
Evolution of mammographic image quality in the state of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Villar Vanessa Cristina Felippe Lopes , De Seta Marismary Horsth , Andrade Carla Lourenço Tavares de , Delamarque Elizabete Vianna , Azevedo Ana Cecília Pedrosa de
Published: May 2015

Objective:To evaluate the evolution of mammographic image quality in the state of Rio de Janeiro on the basis of parameters measured and analyzed during health surveillance inspections in the period from 2006 to 2011.Materials and Methods:Descriptive study analyzing parameters connected with imaging quality of 52 mammography apparatuses inspected at least twice with a one-year interval.Results:Amongst the 16 analyzed parameters, 7 presented more than 70% of conformity, namely: compression paddle pressure intensity (85.1%), films development (72.7%), film response (72.7%), low contrast fine detail (92.2%), tumor mass visualization (76.5%), absence of image artifacts (94.1%), mammography-specific developers availability (88.2%). On the other hand, relevant parameters were below 50% conformity, namely: monthly image quality control testing (28.8%) and high contrast details with respect to microcalcifications visualization (47.1%).Conclusion:The analysis revealed critical situations in terms of compliance with the health surveillance standards. Priority should be given to those mammography apparatuses that remained non-compliant at the second inspection performed within the one-year interval.
DUNS SCOTUS, ESCOTISTAS E O DEBATE EM TORNO À EXTENSÃO PREDICATIVA IN QUID DA NOÇÃO DE ENTE NO SÉCULO XIV
Authors: Guerizoli Rodrigo
Published: May 2015

O objetivo de meu texto consiste em reconstruir um aspecto da recepção da compreensão de Duns Scotus sobre a noção de ente em dois autores pertencentes à geração que imediatamente o sucedeu: no franciscano Guilherme de Alnwick e em seu confrade Francisco de Meyronnes. O problema que surge nessa primeira recepção de Scotus pode ser assim resumido: uma vez que tenhamos aceitado que a noção de ente é simultaneamente unívoca, primeira, a mais geral e a mais simples das noções, como podemos evitar a ameaça de se ter de conceder que a ciência de tal noção – que a metafísica, noutras palavras – não seja capaz de se distinguir claramente de uma investigação que não lida necessariamente com realidades extramentais? Ou, pondo a questão em outros termos: não nos vemos depois de Scotus condenados a ter de escolher entre uma noção de ente como uma noção real ou como uma noção perfeitamente geral? Veremos que, tratando da mesma questão, Alnwick e Meyronnes seguem diferentes caminhos, cada um deles com seus custos e méritos.
OS PROCESSOS DE AQUISIÇÃO DOS TERMOS DO SILOGISMO SEGUNDO A INVESTIGAÇÃO NOÉTICA DE AVICENA
Authors: Sousa Meline Costa
Published: May 2015

Tendo em vista o desacordo entre os comentadores contemporâneos acerca do modo pelo qual o intelecto teorético conhece no "Kitāb al-nafs" de Avicena, investigo se esta atividade se realiza por um sentido interno que é auxiliado pelo intelecto a fim de abstrair a forma material ou se é uma atividade exclusiva do intelecto que não depende das formas materiais, mas apenas da intuição das formas inteligíveis. Contudo, algumas passagens das seções V.5 e V.6, nas quais são descritas a atividade conjunta entre intelecto e os sentidos internos e a sua atividade própria, conduzem à conclusão segundo a qual são necessários dois elementos para que o conhecimento seja realizado: a unificação da multiplicidade e a multiplicação da unidade; em outras palavras, não é suficiente que o intelecto, em conjunto com as faculdades estimativa e cogitativa, conceitualize os termos menor e maior do silogismo, mas ele também precisa intuir o termo médio.
O ENS TERTIO ADIACENS DE GERARDO ODON E O REALISMO PROPOSICIONAL
Authors: Schmidt Ana Rieger
Published: May 2015

O artigo aborda o tratado lógico de Geraldo Odon "De duobos communissimis principiis scientiarum" focando na noção de ens tertio adiacens: o ente significado pela totalidade da proposição e seu verificador. Odon o identifica ao sujeito dos princípios de não-contradição e terceiro excluído. O ens tertio adiacens também corresponde ao primeiro objeto adequado do intelecto e ao sujeito da lógica, a qual é entendida como a primeira ciência. Na segunda parte do artigo, localizamos Odon no debate historiográfico do realismo proposicional, ao lado de Walter Burley.
TOMÁS DE AQUINO E A ESSÊNCIA ABSOLUTAMENTE CONSIDERADA
Authors: Silva Marco Aurélio Oliveira da
Published: May 2015

O presente artigo propõe uma interpretação deflacionista para a doutrina da essência absolutamente considerada (EAC), apresentada por Tomás de Aquino no opúsculo "De ente et essentia". O norte do trabalho é a análise das expressões reduplicativas que são constantemente utilizadas pelo Doutor Angélico para designar as EAC's. Portanto, pretendo mostrar que a EAC é a consideração dos predicados essenciais, que se predicam das expressões reduplicadas, diferentemente da noção acidental de existência. Por isso, a EAC não existe nem no intelecto nem na realidade, o que, dito em outras palavras, significa apenas que "existir no intelecto" e "existir na realidade" são predicados acidentais em relação às essências apreendidas abstrativamente pela mente.
Infrared thermography evaluation from the back region of healthy horses in controlled temperature room
Authors: Pavelski Mariana , Basten Mardjory da Silva , Busato Eduarda , Dornbusch Peterson Triches
Published: May 2015

The infrared thermography is a diagnostic imaging tool, which measures the surface temperature of an object through its heat emission. It is a non-invasive method, painless, with no involvement of radiation. Horses have elevated incidence of back injuries which causes decrease in their performance. A rapid and accurate diagnostic is essential to start the treatment. The aim of this paper was to establish the ideal time to the animal stay e inside a controlled room to balance their temperature and in the second time verify the thermographic temperature of specific back regions. It was studied fifteen healthy horses, being performed thermography of thoracic, lumbar and pelvic regions in four different times. There was a significant difference between the thermography performed outside and inside of the controlled temperature room. It was concluded that the ideal time to the horse stay into the controlled temperature room was thirty minutes and the mean thermographic temperatures of back regions, were obtained and can be used as parameters to identify injuries in other horses.
Professoras trans brasileiras em seu processo de escolarização
Authors: Franco Neil , Cicillini Graça Aparecida
Published: May 2015

Este artigo contextualiza os caminhos percorridos e os obstáculos enfrentados por professoras trans brasileiras durante seu processo de escolarização e inserção na docência. Seus relatos, analisados à luz das teorias pós-críticas, sobretudo a teoria queer, elucidaram suas vidas escolares emaranhadas por processos de resistências e enfrentamentos constantes desde a educação básica, passando pela educação superior e mantendo-se na atuação docente. Nesse sentido, o discurso dessas professoras possibilitou a emersão de "sinais de fissuras na heteronormatividade", confirmando que, apesar de seu papel hegemônico como reprodutora e mantenedora das normas de gênero e de sexualidades, a escola é num dos espaços possíveis para a efetivação do direito de constituir-se como humano.
Infancia y violencia de género: cuantificación y percepciones
Authors: Espinar-Ruiz Eva , López-Monsalve Begoña
Published: May 2015

Cada vez más autores destacan la necesaria incorporación de la infancia en el estudio de la violencia de género y, en concreto, de la violencia contra la mujer por parte del compañero íntimo (VCI). Tal incorporación puede facilitar no sólo una menor invisibilidad y desprotección de niños y niñas, sino también una mejor comprensión de la propia violencia, sus características y dinámicas. Partiendo de estas consideraciones, en este artículo se presentan los resultados de un análisis secundario de los datos obtenidos en la última macroencuesta sobre violencia contra las mujeres en España. La información disponible permite analizar: 1) la presencia de menores expuestos a VCI; 2) la posible relación entre esta presencia y la formulación de denuncias; y 3) la percepción que tienen las mujeres víctimas de VCI en torno al rol parental de los agresores