bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, herbal drugs, Northern Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Enebeli-Ekwutoziam Katherine , Aruah Chinenye Blessing , Ogbonna Blessing O. , Eze Uju Judith , Egedeye-Fubura Fabaraye Sokari , Nwankwo Chigozie F. , Oliseyenum Ifeoma N. , Udoha Ngozi Winfred , Afuye Tubosun Nathaniel , Asogwa Grace N. , Chinweokwu Kris Ada , Anenih Farida O. , Iyamu James E. , Oboti Ifeyinwa Deborah , Nwaizu Nkechi , Ajabor James Ifeanyi , Ozadibe Ogechukwu Yvonne , Otunla Racheal Abosede , Francis Okoronkwo Bertha , Orji Chukwu Miriam
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Enebeli-ekwutoziam KC, Aruah CB, Ogbonna BO, Eze UJ, Egedeye-fubura FS, Nwankwo CF, Oliseyenum IN, Udoha NW, Afuye TN, Asogwa GN, Chinweokwu KA, Anenih FO, Iyamu JE, Oboti ID, Nwaizu N, Ajabor JI, Ozadibe OY, Otunla RA, Francis OB, Orji CM. 2021. Ethnomedicinal survey of plants used to treat skin-related ailments in the Northern Delta State of Nigeria. Asian J Ethnobiol 4: 76-85. An ethnomedicinal survey of plants used to treat skin-related ailments was conducted to document information on the common plant resources employed in the ethnomedicinal practices of the indigenous people of the Northern Delta State of Nigeria. A total number of 100 respondents were selected from the Northern Delta State of Nigeria. The herbalists were mostly males (61%). The respondents comprised two age groups, i.e. <40 (30%), and >40 (70%). The respondents were 30 herbal drug dealers, 46 herbalists, and 24 community elders. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain data through personal interviews with the respondents. 51 plant species belonging to 29 families of flowering plants were revealed as useful in the treatment and management of Skin diseases/parasites, boils, wounds, cuts, sores, pimples, inflammation, aftershave bumps, abscess, and bleeding. Asteraceae (8.75) and Fabaceae (8.2) showed the best consensus among respondents on reported species and families. The highest values of relative citation frequencies were reported for Citrus limon and Ricinus communis with 0.24 each. On the other hand, the highest value of fidelity level was reported for Elaeis guineensis (99). Herbs were the most dominant life form found in the study (45%). Females (52%) have higher knowledge of medicinal plants and their application than males (48%). Leaf was the most commonly used plant part (44%) in preparing herbal remedies. A decoction was the most common method of herbal drug preparation (33.96%). Herbal recipes used by the locals to treat skin-related ailments contain some active ingredients, some of which have been scientifically proven and others still undergoing clinical validation. This justifies their ethnomedicinal uses as a remedy for skin ailments. High levels of medicinal plant diversity and ethnomedicinal knowledge exist in the area. Therefore conservation studies should be carried out on the plants reported in this survey for sustainability.
Short Communication: Do women have a piece of traditional knowledge on medicinal plants? A case study around Jambi Urban Forest, Indonesia
Authors: Novriyanti Novriyanti , Nursanti Nursanti , Wulan Cory
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Novriyanti N, Nursanti N, Wulan C. 2021. Short Communication: Do women have a piece of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants? A case study around Jambi Urban Forest, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 4: 115-119. Gender, especially women, significantly affect knowledge, especially maintaining knowledge and practice of medicinal plants. But the question, also will be the research aims is, do they know medicinal plants and grow them themselves in their yards? Data was collected using open and closed interviews with families, including the village shamans. The results showed half of the women around Urban Forest know traditional medicinal plants. Women use 27 plants species to protect and heal their families from minor ailments. Some of the plants found around Urban Forest also plant in their yards; unfortunately, the number of traditional medicinal plant users decreases over time.
Ecology of village ecosystems of Odisha, India
Authors: UPADHYAY V. P. , NAYAK B. K. , MISHRA M. K.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Upadhyay VP, Nayak BK, Mishra MK. 2022. Ecology of village ecosystems of Odisha, India. Asian J Ethnobiol 5: 138-155. The present study was conducted in eight villages in the Niyamgiri Hills of Odisha, India. The human population varies from 83 to 312 in uphill villages and 76 to 150 in foothill villages. The cultivated area constitutes 3.37% to 18.85% of the village’s total area. Per capita cultivated area varies from 0.117 to 0.329 ha. The families generally devote more time to agriculture, followed by Minor Forest Products (MFP) collection. The women and children collect leafy vegetables, tubers, fruits, seeds, leaves, and flowers. Collecting and marketing firewood in head loads is commonly practiced in the rainy season. The area of forest cover is not affected much, but the quality of the forest has changed. This suggests appropriate steps to restore the forest and enhance its productivity. All villages depend on rain-fed agriculture. The natural stream water is available to the paddy fields by gravity flow in valleys. The agriculture practices include shifting (podu) cultivation in high hill areas, mid-hill orchards below the podu area, home gardens adjoining habitation, and valley cultivation near Nala beds (streams). Podu is a mixed cultivation practice where cereals, pulses, and oil seeds are grown together. The village productivity is much lower than in other areas of settled agriculture. Improvements in seed quality, Soil and Moisture Conservation (SMC) measures, and the health condition of the tribal community will help support the sustainability of the traditional cultivation and livelihood system. To help protect the indigenous biodiversity, we suggest in this paper other alternatives of livelihood to the local population and options for shifting cultivation areas.
Review: Causes and impacts of anthropogenic activities on mangrove deforestation and degradation in Indonesia
Authors: CAHYANINGSIH AGUSTINA PUTRI , DEANOVA AVYDA KOZA , PRISTIAWATI CELIN MAYLANI , ULUMUDDIN YAYA IHYA , KUSUMAWATI LIA , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Cahyaningsih AP, Deanova AK, Pristiawati CM, Ulumuddin YI, Kusumawati L, Setyawan AD. 2022. Review: Causes and impacts of anthropogenic activities on mangrove deforestation and degradation in Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 12: 12-22. Indonesia is a country with the largest extent of mangroves in the world. However, as the human population increases, the extent and quality of the mangroves decrease. The increasing population is in line with the increase in human activities, leading to deforestation and degradation of the mangrove forests. This paper aimed to review anthropogenic activities that cause mangrove deforestation and degradation in Indonesia and the impacts of such anthropogenic activities on the mangrove ecosystems and formulate the efforts to overcome mangrove deforestation and degradation in the country. Various human activities are the primary drivers of deforestation and degradation of mangroves, including land conversion from mangrove forests into other land uses (e.g., agricultural lands, ponds, infrastructure developments, and human settlements), extractive activities (e.g., mining and logging), and household and industrial activities (e.g., plastic debris, heavy metals pollutants). These anthropogenic factors reduce mangrove forest area, changes in mangrove composition, uneven species abundance, and pollution. Combined with sea-level rise caused by global climate changes, such activities pose devastating threats to Indonesian mangroves. Efforts to overcome these problems include increasing awareness of communities regarding mangrove conservation, conducting mangrove restoration programs, and promoting sustainable management of mangrove, for example, through ecotourism. On top of that, community participation plays an essential role in Indonesia's sustainable management and conservation of mangrove forests.
Effect of water physicochemistry on amphibian abundance in Sub-tropical Kupinde Lake of the Nepal Himalaya
Authors: SUNAR CHANDRA BAHADUR , PANDEY NARESH , CHAND BIJAY , UPADHYAYA LAXMI PRASAD , THAPA BINA , PANT RAMESH RAJ , KHANAL LAXMAN
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Sunar CB, Pandey N, Chand B, Upadhyaya LP, Thapa B, Pant RR, Khanal L. 2022. Effect of water physicochemistry on amphibian abundance in Sub-tropical Kupinde Lake of the Nepal Himalaya. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 12: 92-99. Amphibians are the key bioindicators of ecosystem health. Their diversity and abundance are affected by the physicochemical factors of the environment. Wetland ecosystems of the Himalaya are under the threat of human activities and current climate change. However, hydrochemical status and faunal diversity are poorly documented in the wetlands of western Nepal. This study characterized the physicochemical parameters of water in Kupinde Lake in the Salyan District of Karnali Province, Nepal, and established the association between amphibian abundance and those parameters. A total of 24 samples of surface water were collected at the lake's edge during October 2021, and 18 physical and chemical parameters were analyzed. Visual encounter surveys were conducted at each water sampling site to count amphibians within a circle of two meters in diameter. The lake water was slightly alkaline (mean pH = 8.16±0.29), and the major dominating cation and anion were Ca2+ and HCO3-, respectively. Amphibian abundance was positively correlated with pH, HCO3-, and NH4+ and negatively correlated with EC, TDS, CO2, Cl-, and Na+. The polynomial regression analysis revealed amphibian abundance has a consistent positive association with water pH (r2 = 0.497, p < 0.05) and unimodal relation with the temperature (r2 = 0.188, p < 0.05). Low amphibian diversity and dominance of a single amphibian species, the Indian skipper frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Schneider, 1799), indicate poor ecosystem health of the lake. The findings of this study provide baseline information for monitoring and managing the Kupinde Lake.
Review: A descriptive study of karst conditions and problems in Indonesia and the role of karst for flora, fauna, and humans
Authors: APRILIA DEWI , ARIFIANI KIRANA NURUL , SANI MUHAMMAD FAJAR , JUMARI JUMARI , WIJAYANTI FAHMA , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Aprilia D, Arifiani KN, Sani MF, Jumari, Wijayanti F, Setyawan AD. 2021. Review: A descriptive study of karst conditions and problems in Indonesia and the role of karst for flora, fauna, and humans. Intl J Trop Drylands 5: 61-74. The karst area in Indonesia covers an area of about 15.4 million hectares and is spread almost throughout Indonesia. It is estimated the age of karst in Indonesia started from 470 million years ago to the most recent about 700,000 years. The existence of this area shows that many of the Indonesian islands were once seabed but were later uplifted and hardened. Most of the karst areas in Indonesia are composed of carbonate rocks, and almost none are composed of other rocks such as gypsum, salt rock, and evaporite rocks. Karst in Indonesia can be classified based on its development and climate. The amount of water available in the karst area plays an important role in human life and so do flora and fauna around the karst area. The karst area functions as an ecosystem for the habitat of various animals and plants. The richness of flora and fauna of this karst area is extraordinary. Karst area plays an important role in economy, science, and human culture. In addition, karst areas have an important role in the ecosystem, such as providing clean water, limestone-based natural materials, and controlling climate change. Its role in ecological function is that karst areas can also be a source of CO2 gas absorption. About 9.5% (155,000 km2) of the total karst area of Indonesia was damaged due to limestone mining activities, logging of vegetation, and land conversion. Given the importance of karst and limestone ecosystems as non-renewable natural resources, it is necessary to do conservation to maintain the ecological function. Steps that can be taken for conservation efforts in karst areas include limiting the sale of raw limestone to outside the area, clarifying protected areas and cultivation areas, socializing the importance of preserving karst areas, providing skills or developing other business opportunities, and reclaiming used land and mining according to the level and type of damage. This study aims to describe the geographical conditions and karst problems in Indonesia so that the conservation measures taken are known and identify the role of the karst area for flora, fauna, and humans.
The influence of human activities on wildlife in Kwakuchinja migratory corridor, Tarangire/Manyara Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania
Authors: NJAMASI YUSTIN RICHARD , NDIBALEMA VEDASTO G. , KIOKO JOHN
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Njamasi YR, Ndibalema VG, Kioko J. 2022. The influence of human activities on wildlife in Kwakuchinja migratory corridor, Tarangire/Manyara Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania. Intl J Trop Drylands 6: 26-38. Human population growth in areas adjacent to protected areas is high and has seriously threatened wildlife management across Africa. Local communities around protected areas engage in illegal activities that destroy habitats and threaten wildlife migration routes. Additionally, there is a local extinction of five species of large mammals in Kwakuchinja, Tanzania. Therefore, this study focused on assessing the impact of human activities on wildlife in the Kwakuchinja flyway in the Tarangire-Manyara Ecosystem (TME), Northern Tanzania. The data were collected using Tresect Walk, domestic questionnaires, important informants, and secondary materials. The comparison data of the groups for natural groups were analyzed with the help of Mann Whitney's U-Test man. At the same time, the Pearson test was used to compare relationships between animals in nature, cattle, and human settlements. Additionally, the chi-square test was used to compare the relationship between wildlife status and time spent by the respondent in the study area. The study found that migratory corridors for wildlife had shrunk from five to three. Common wildebeest had the highest density (area of ??450 km2), while Thompon's gazelle had the lowest. Trends in nature from aerial survey data show a 50% decrease in the number of large mammals in the ecosystem in the 2000s compared to the 1990s, and land use has changed to cultivation with a 4.2% increase in 'the study area. An insignificant relationship was observed between the number of wild animals and human settlements (r= 0.714). Therefore, these results suggest that human settlements harm the number and distribution of fauna. Since wildlife and livestock share grazing and watering areas, the study recommends using an integrated land use plan, law enforcement, and sustainable use of natural resources to protect the Kwakuchinja Wildlife Corridor.
Soil quality assessment on coffee (Coffea spp.) farms in Pigtauranan, Bukidnon, Philippines
Authors: FRANCISCO JEWEL MARIE S. , LABAJO JOHN REY N. , EBUÑA RAUL M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Francisco JMS, Labajo JRN, Ebuna RM. 2022. Soil quality assessment on coffee (Coffea spp.) farms in Pigtauranan, Bukidnon, Philippines. Intl J Trop Drylands 6: 56-62. A study was conducted from September to March 2019 with the following objectives: (i) to determine the physical and chemical properties of soil grown with coffee, (ii) to generate a soil nutrient map of the coffee farm; and (iii) to provide fertilizer recommendations based on the result of analysis of chemical properties. The following criteria for the selection of farm sites were: (i) 1-2 hectares of coffee farm area, (ii) 3-5 years of land use for coffee production; and (iii) the variety of the coffee grown is Robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner). Twenty-two (22) farms fit the criteria, and a survey questionnaire was disseminated to gather information. Soil samples were collected, and each was replicated and analyzed at the Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory CMU. The coffee farms were identified as mostly medium acidic in their pH ranging from 5.6 to 6, marginal in organic matter (2.1 to 3.5%), very deficient in their extractable phosphorus (<9.0 mg dm-3), and very high in exchangeable potassium (167.70 to 245.70 mg dm-3). Most coffee farms were clayey soil texture, the water holding capacity was mostly 50-59%, and most bulk densities were categorized as ideal bulk density with values ranging from (1.0 to 1.3 Mg m-3). The recommended rate of fertilizer were (0.030 to 0.115 g/tree) for Nitrogen, (0.165 to 0.500 g/tree) for Phosphorus, and (0 to 0.090 g/tree) for Potassium. The fertilizer rate of 16-20-0 and 18-46-0, and 0-0-60 will be used to satisfy the nutrient deficiency in the soil, and it is highly recommended to follow the correct application of fertilizer and apply an organic fertilizer to obtain good productivity and higher yield for the coffee farms, though this still needs further studies.
Household vulnerability and adaptive capacity on impacts of climate change and adaptability solution in Soroti District, Uganda
Authors: OGALLO EDITH AMONDI , WAMBUA BONIFACE N. , MUKHOVI MIKALITSA S.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ogallo EA, Wambua BN, Mukhovi MS. 2022. Household vulnerability and adaptive capacity on impacts of climate change and adaptability solution in Soroti District, Uganda. Intl J Trop Drylands 6: 63-76. This study aimed to assess the vulnerabilities, impacts, and adaptation strategies of households in the Soroti District, Uganda. The data from household surveys, interviews with key informants, and focused group discussions were used to obtain data on climate change and variability impacts, adaptation strategies, and vulnerability. The rainfall and temperature data from Soroti meteorological station was also used to determine climate variability and change. The Microsoft Excel 2007 and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 16 program entered all the quantitative data. The results were then represented in tables, graphs, and charts. The temperature and rainfall analysis show that the area's climate has recently changed. These scenarios were confirmed by people's perception, along with increased drought, floods, and incidences of diseases and pests. That could have serious implications for agriculture, the major source of livelihood within the district. For instance, the delay of the 2013 March-April-May (MAM) rainfall onset and extended dry spell between the seasons led to subsequent poor harvests and serious crop failure. Other major impacts of climate change and variability on livelihoods include low fish catches, decreased water availability, lack of animal feeds, and decline in soil fertility. Although the entire district is vulnerable to the impact of climate change and variability, vulnerability is heightened for women, children, the poor, and the less educated. However, the residents have adopted certain coping and adaptation strategies to deal with the climate change impacts. The current coping strategies include selling household assets, wage labor, petty trading, and reducing consumption. Adaptation strategies include shifting planting dates, off-farm jobs, planting different crops, diversifying crops, and diversifying from farm to non–farm activities. However, these strategies are insufficient due to overarching stressors such as over-dependence on rainfed agriculture, poverty, and lack of information and technology. Moreover, there is an urgent need to alleviate poverty and unemployment within the district by creating employment opportunities for the locals and enhancing the micro-financing efficiency to improve resilience and adaptation to climate change and variability. There is also a need for robust contingency planning and the relevant institutions' involvement in early warning. Local knowledge integration in climate policies also could enhance resilience and improve adaptation.
Effects of climate-change variability on livestock production and coping strategies in Maikona, Marsabit County, Kenya
Authors: WATO MOLU , KOECH MICHAEL K. , MARAGA JAMES N.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Wato M, Koech MK, Maraga JN. 2022. Effects of climate-change variability on livestock production and coping strategies in Maikona, Marsabit County, Kenya. Intl J Trop Drylands 6: 90-102. Climate change is viewed as one of humanity's greatest challenges. This study sought to investigate the coping mechanisms pastoral communities have employed in Maikona Location (Marsabit County, Kenya) and their sustainability. The study employed quantitative and qualitative methods, targeting 145 respondents, including 127 household respondents, 14 Women and Youth group members in FGDs, and 4 technical/NGO representatives. Questionnaires, FGDs, and key informant checklists were the main tools. Data were analyzed both inferentially and descriptively. The study envisioned would give vital information to policy-makers and pastoral development stakeholders on the actual impacts facing the pastoralists and the existing and appropriate coping mechanisms while guiding the interventions and policy options. The study found that there had been real and perceived changes in temperature and rainfall patterns. Field inquiries indicated rainfall patterns significantly changed (94%) between 1980 and 2010, as well as a significantly declining trend of the data from the metrological department. These changes were established to negatively impact livestock production and the livelihood of the community in the study area. The local community was found to seek relief food, buy food on credit and sell livestock assets as common coping strategies. The sustainability of those strategies, however, is in immense doubt since most of the respondents were not even sure of their longevity, while others admitted they might not use them for long. Moreover, most (84%) of the respondents could not tell the consequences of their strategies on the environment. The external supports provided to the communities were largely in response to emergencies and were not viewed as sustainable in the long term. The study recommended constantly sharing rainfall data from the metrological department with the pastoralists to understand the dynamics of rainfall and temperature variations on livestock production and possible coping strategies customized for their situation and advise them on sustainability. The study further recommended the need for long-term support like establishing a livestock market, supporting education through sponsorship, and adopting policies that support mobility instead of sedentarization of the communities.
Photonic approach for Doppler-frequency-shift and angle-of-arrival measurement with direction unambiguity and high precision
Authors: Lin Qirui , Ma Jianxin
Published: January 2023

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, scheme based on a dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator (DDMZM) is proposed for Doppler-frequency-shift (DFS) and angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurement without direction ambiguity. The echo signal from one antenna is coupled with a local oscillator and then fed into the upper RF port of the DDMZM, and the echo signal from the other one is directly fed to its lower RF port. The generated two first-order optical sidebands are separated by an interleaver to form two channels and then detected by two identical low-speed photodiodes, and so both magnitude and orientation of the AOA and DFS can be deduced from the power and frequency of the beating signals. The AOA measurement without direction ambiguity can be achieved by comparing the power of beating signals from two channels. In addition, through operating the DDMZM at different transmission points for different AOA measurement ranges, the range of high-precision AOA measurement can be extended. The system has the low complexity and high stability because only a DDMZM is used. The simulation results demonstrate the measurement of the DFS in the range of 500 kHz with errors

<

0.05

H
z

and the AOA from

−

90

∘

to

+

90

∘

with error

<

0.8
∘

.
Engineering a conformal optical window of a square-to-circular transition isolator
Authors: Ou Yang , Dai Yifan , Chen Shanyong , Hu Hao , Fan Xiaoqiang , Xiong Bing , Xiong Yupeng , Xu Shangcehng , Du Chunyang , Guan Chaoliang
Published: January 2023

To realize the flow visualization of shock train structures by
Schlieren measurements in a square-to-circular transition isolator, a
high-precision conformal optical window was manufactured by
fly-cutting technology. According to the light refraction principle,
the window’s outer surface was iteratively optimized based on the
super-elliptic curves of the internal flow channel. Through tolerance
analysis and processing parameter optimization, the transmitted
wavefront error (RMS value) of the finished window was

0.823

λ

(

λ
=

632.8

n
m

). Based on a

z

-type Schlieren apparatus, the
high-precision Schlieren measurements were conducted through the
window and processed by an image filtering process method. The results
promote high-precision Schlieren observation towards
square-to-circular transition isolators.
Student peer mentoring: Feasibility and acceptability of mHealth-based tool for alcohol and substance abuse prevention by peer mentors at a university in Kenya
Authors: Musyoka Catherine Mawia , Mbwayo Anne , Donovan Dennis M. , Mathai Muthoni
Published: January 2023

Objective

The use of mobile health (mHealth)-based interventions for the prevention of alcohol and other psychoactive substances use is an emerging practice for which new evidence is required. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a mHealth-based peer mentoring tool for early screening, brief intervention, and referral of students who abuse alcohol and other psychoactive substances. It compared the implementation of a mHealth-delivered intervention to the paper-based practice that is the standard at the University of Nairobi.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study using purposive sampling was used to select a cohort of n = 100 (51 experimental, 49 control) first-year student peer mentors on two campuses of the University of Nairobi in Kenya. Data were collected on the mentors’ sociodemographic characteristics as well as the feasibility and acceptability of the interventions by way of, the magnitude of reach, feedback to investigators, referral of cases, and perceived ease of use.

Results

The mHealth-based peer mentoring tool scored high with 100% of users rating it as feasible and acceptable. Among the two study cohorts, there were no differences in the acceptability of the peer mentoring intervention. When comparing the feasibility of the peer mentoring practice, actual use of the interventions, and intervention reach, the mHealth-based cohort mentored four mentees for every one mentored by the standard practice cohort.

Conclusion

The mHealth-based peer mentoring tool had high feasibility and acceptability among student peer mentors. The intervention provided evidence for the need to expand the availability of screening services for alcohol and other psychoactive substances use among students in the university and promote the appropriate management practices within and outside the university.
External validity of machine learning-based prognostic scores for cystic fibrosis: A retrospective study using the UK and Canadian registries
Authors: Qin Yuchao , Alaa Ahmed , Floto Andres , Schaar Mihaela van der
Published: January 2023

Precise and timely referral for lung transplantation is critical for the survival of cystic fibrosis patients with terminal illness. While machine learning (ML) models have been shown to achieve significant improvement in prognostic accuracy over current referral guidelines, the external validity of these models and their resulting referral policies has not been fully investigated. Here, we studied the external validity of machine learning-based prognostic models using annual follow-up data from the UK and Canadian Cystic Fibrosis Registries. Using a state-of-the-art automated ML framework, we derived a model for predicting poor clinical outcomes in patients enrolled in the UK registry, and conducted external validation of the derived model using the Canadian Cystic Fibrosis Registry. In particular, we studied the effect of (1) natural variations in patient characteristics across populations and (2) differences in clinical practice on the external validity of ML-based prognostic scores. Overall, decrease in prognostic accuracy on the external validation set (AUCROC: 0.88, 95% CI 0.88-0.88) was observed compared to the internal validation accuracy (AUCROC: 0.91, 95% CI 0.90-0.92). Based on our ML model, analysis on feature contributions and risk strata revealed that, while external validation of ML models exhibited high precision on average, both factors (1) and (2) can undermine the external validity of ML models in patient subgroups with moderate risk for poor outcomes. A significant boost in prognostic power (F1 score) from 0.33 (95% CI 0.31-0.35) to 0.45 (95% CI 0.45-0.45) was observed in external validation when variations in these subgroups were accounted in our model. Our study highlighted the significance of external validation of ML models for cystic fibrosis prognostication. The uncovered insights on key risk factors and patient subgroups can be used to guide the cross-population adaptation of ML-based models and inspire new research on applying transfer learning methods for fine-tuning ML models to cope with regional variations in clinical care.
Comunidades de personas usuarias de Instagram y Twitter de las plataformas audiovisuales online destinadas a la juventud: Playz, MTMAD y Flooxer
Authors: Eguzkitza-Mestraitua Gaizka , Casado-del-Río Miguel-Ángel , Guimerá-i-Orts Josep-Àngel
Published: January 2023

El consumo de televisión ha cambiado a causa de la generalización de Internet y la consecuente difusión de las plataformas online. La juventud abandera este cambio y crea comunidades de personas usuarias en torno a sus programas o canales preferidos. Este artículo pretende identificar las diferentes comunidades surgidas en Twitter e Instagram alrededor de tres plataformas destinadas al público joven en España creadas por los principales grupos de comunicación audiovisual (Playz, Flooxer y MTMAD). Para extraer estas comunidades se ha aplicado a las descripciones de los usuarios el algoritmo de identificación de temas mediante un proceso jerárquico Dirichlet (Wang, 2011). Los resultados muestran que las comunidades se agrupan en torno a profesiones (comunicación, enfermería) y a aficiones (música, fotografía, redes sociales). Además, Playz no consigue vincularse al público joven, algo que sí logran Flooxer y MTMAD.
Imagen y representación de estereotipos y arquetipos en la ficción audiovisual televisiva española: de Cites a El Pueblo como casos de educomunicación en series
Authors: Elías-Zambrano Rodrigo , Ramírez-Alvarado María-del-Mar , Jiménez-Marín Gloria
Published: January 2023

La ficción audiovisual ejerce un rol socializador que influye en la construcción de las identidades personales. La proyección de la ficción en la consolidación de nuevas representaciones es determinante en las sociedades actuales, adquiriendo relevancia gracias a su capacidad de conformar personalidades a través de su imagen, influenciar en la conducta y determinar comportamientos. Este artículo pretende profundizar en la imagen de los estereotipos, arquetipos y roles sociales presentados en la ficción española coral a través de dos casos de estudio específicos: la urbana Cites y la rural El Pueblo. El objetivo fundamental es el de exponer las tendencias de tramas y personajes en dicha representación audiovisual. Para ello, se ha empleado una metodología mixta, con base de corte socio-semiótico y triangulación metodológica, que ha permitido estudiar enfoques desde la óptica de la educomunicación. Los resultados arrojan conclusiones relevantes alrededor de los diferentes modelos, estereotipos y arquetipos mostrados con referencia a la cuestión del género y opciones familiares, de pareja o relaciones de convivencia, incorporando patrones relativos a la estructuración familiar con modelos nuevos, insertándolos de un modo normalizado, dándose modelos y relaciones familiares diversos con menor cuestionamiento y mayor normalidad, auspiciando cambios en la sociedad, dado que los espectadores empatizan y desarrollan vínculos con los personajes adquiriendo su perspectiva.L
Numéro 176 - janvier 2023
Authors: Baurin Arno , Bodart Vincent , Courtoy François , Lachapelle Nathan , Pourtois Mathilde , Sauvenier Mathieu , Van Keirsbilck Leïla
Published: January 2023

Malgré l’inflation élevée et la détérioration de la confiance des ménages et des entreprises, l’économie belge était toujours en progression au 3ème trimestre 2022, même si le rythme de la croissance fut plus faible que celui enregistré aux deux premiers trimestres. Il est probable que cette performance positive soit due encore pour partie à la réouverture complète de plusieurs activités économiques dont l’accès en début d’année était encore restreint par les mesures sanitaires. Ce phénomène étant par nature temporaire, il ne devrait plus avoir d’impact économique significatif fin 2022, si bien que l’évolution de l’activité économique au dernier trimestre devrait être plus fortement marquée par la crise énergétique. Nous prévoyons ainsi une contraction significative (-0,3%) de l’activité économique belge entre septembre et décembre. Fin 2022, de nombreux freins à la croissance persistent : inflation élevée, resserrement des conditions de financement, faible confiance et incertitude élevée, ralentissement de la croissance économique mondiale. En raison de ceux-ci, l’activité économique belge devrait continuer à se contracter début 2023. Pour autant que les prix de l’énergie se stabilisent, la récession pourrait être de courte durée. Soutenue par un marché du travail qui est resté dynamique tout au long de 2022, la croissance économique pourrait redevenir positive dès le 2ème trimestre 2023. 

Selon ces perspectives, la croissance de l’économie belge en 2023 serait de +0,2% en base annuelle moyenne (contre 3,0% en 2022). L’emploi, qui a très fortement augmenté en 2022, n’augmenterait plus que faiblement en 2023, si bien que le chômage devrait se relever. Enfin, la hausse des prix devrait ralentir de manière significative en 2023.

Résumé des prévisions

L’économie belge devrait croître de 0,2% en 2023.

L’emploi augmenterait d’environ 11.000 unités en 2023.

Le nombre de demandeurs d’emploi augmenterait de 12.600 unités en 2023.

L’inflation générale des prix à la consommation s’élèverait à 5,3% en 2023.

Le déficit budgétaire des administrations publiques atteindrait 5,0% en 2023.
HIGH-PRECISION CAM MANDRELS
Authors: Blinov D. S. , Kazhlaev R. G.
Published: January 2023

The article is concerned with cam mandrels used for positioning of asymmetrical blanks such as rings and bushings while machining. It is understood that blanks have high bending stiffness. There is GOST 31.1066.04–97, developed for cam mandrels, but according to manufacturers and scientists, the design proposed in GOST has a number of drawbacks, which can be attributed to simplified technology of mandrel parts manufacture. This has been proven by practical experience. The paper points out the defects of standard cam mandrel design and describes a fragment of the process for manufacture of more accurate mandrels. While designing cam mandrel it is necessary to provide for safe attachment of blanks (this requirement is well addressed), to know the influence of main parameters of its parts on the machining accuracy and to prevent damage to base surface of the blank. Practically, the last two requirements are not addressed. A series of articles, including this paper, covers theoretical and experimental studies to meet these requirements. Six prototype mandrels with different number of cams (from three to twelve), model rings and six batches of ring blanks are designed and manufactured for experimental and production-related studies of accuracy of positioning and machining of blanks in cam mandrels. The model rings and blanks in the batches have different diameter of the base hole and its length in order to study these parameters for accuracy of positioning and machining of blanks. In each batch there are at least 30 blanks which makes it possible to process the results obtained in the experiments by mathematical statistics methods. Four batches of blanks have polished base holes, and two batches have turned holes. The model rings and blanks have been subjected to metrological control.
CALCULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE LIGHTING TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LED MODULE
Authors: Bayneva I. I. , Vorozheikin N. E.
Published: January 2023

The article describes the characteristics of LED modules made using the Chip-on-Board technology. An overview of LED modules from different manufacturers is carried out. Variants of using differently oriented mounting of flat mirror surfaces and their influence on the lighting characteristics of LED modules have been investigated. Theoretical research and modeling of the LED module and differently oriented mirror surfaces in the TracePro software package have been carried out. The development of universal LED luminaires is one of the urgent tasks of lighting engineering. The market for LED light sources is rapidly improving, more efficient sources appear, therefore the creation of modern lamps based on various optical systems is a popular direction in the development of electronics. Secondary optics options for the COB module and simulation results in TracePro are presented.
ACCURACY OF INSTALLATION AND MACHINING OF BLANKS IN CAM ARBORS
Authors: Blinov D. S. , Kazhlaev R. G.
Published: January 2023

The cam arbors are widely used for machining of axially symmetrical blanks with the medium and high radial stiffness. GOST 31.1066.04–97 is developed for cam arbors, but it lacks information on the accuracy of installation and machining of blanks on different metal-cutting machines, does not contain recommendations on engineering of such devices, and also contradicts other technical documentation and catalogues of western companies. In order to clarify such contradictions and to determine the data on the accuracy of cam arbors a number of articles are published. In the first article, which was published earlier, the consideration is given to deficiencies and contradictions to the mentioned GOST, and the material support for execution of complex investigations on the accuracy of installation and machining of blanks in cam arbors is described. The first part of this study is dedicated to the experimental investigations to determine the accuracy of installation of reference rings in the pilot samples of cam arbors with different design parameters. Upon analysis of the obtained data concerning the accuracy of installation the scope of experiments on the accuracy of machining of a batch of blanks in cam arbors was determined, methods of procedures were developed and the necessary pilot samples of fittings and other equipment were defined. The second part of the study is dedicated to the description of the results of experiments concerning the accuracy of turning and milling of blanks in different pilot samples of cam arbors. A batch of blanks (at least 30 blanks in a batch) with the same nominal parameters was machined during each experiment, then, the obtained results were processed by statistical methods. The third part of this study is dedicated to investigation of the precision reliability of cam arbors; to this end, a work bench was developed and manufactured which could make it possible to fix the pilot blank with the specified axial force, to hold it in the fixed state and to unfix. A number of cycles was brought to 200 thousand and it was determined that the cam arbors have the increased precision reliability.
DRIVE COUPLING WITH SPLIT SLEEVES: SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION OF OPTIMAL VALUES OF BASIC DIMENSIONS
Authors: Zyablikov V. M. , Buketkin B. V. , Shirshov A. A.
Published: January 2023

A calculation method is proposed that simplifies and reduces the time to determine the optimal values of the main dimensions of the coupling: the diameter of the sleeve, the diameter of the circle passing through the centers of the sleeves, as well as their number. This ensures the required torsional rigidity of the coupling and the strength of the sleeves when transmitting a given torque.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPACTION PROCESSOF THE ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURE WITH A VIBRATORY ROLLER
Authors: Shishkin E. A. , Smolyakov A. A.
Published: January 2023

An important parameter of the compaction process of asphalt concrete mix by a vibrating roller is the resulting force exerted by the shaft on the compacted material. The magnitude and direction of this force determine the rolling efficiency and depend on the design parameters of the roller and the physical and mechanical characteristics of the compacted material. To establish these dependencies, a theoretical study of the stress-strain state of the asphalt concrete mixture in the contact zone with the vibrating roller was carried out using rheological modeling tools. Based on the obtained analytical dependences of the resulting force and the angle of deviation of the vector of the resulting force, a simulation model of the oscillatory system “roller – asphalt concrete mixture” was developed. Based on the simulation results, recommendations are given for adjusting the angle of deviation of the vector of the resultant force from the vertical. The use of these recommendations will increase the efficiency of compaction of asphalt concrete mix by reducing the number of passes of the roller, and, as a result, reducing the operating time.
LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF FRICTION PILES ON PULL-OUT LOADS
Authors: Utkin V. S. , Solovev S. A. , Yarigina O. V.
Published: January 2023

The article presents new methods for load-bearing capacity evaluation and reliability analysis for friction piles under pull-out loads. The new approach is also proposed for the friction forces description on the pile lateral surface, which arise not as a result of the pile “failure”, but as a result of pile material microdisplacements (deformations). The presented method for reliability analysis is based on the fuzzy sets theory and can be used with incomplete statistical information about the controlled parameters, which will reduce financial and time costs. Numerical examples of the pile load-bearing capacity and reliability calculation are given, as well as a comparison of the results with the standard approach.
SEMI-AUTOMATIC QUARTZ TUBE BENDING MACHINE
Authors: Mikaeva S. A.
Published: January 2023

The article presents the assembly of a semi-automatic quartz bulb bending machine for the production of bactericidal ultraviolet lamps. The standard methods of production and testing of quartz flask bending machines were analyzed in the work. In the course of work and on the basis of the conducted research, the technical characteristics and equipment configuration were worked out. The bending machine includes a block for bending quartz tubes with a diameter of 19 mm and a block for bending quartz tubes with a diameter of 28 mm. Quartz tubes are installed on the ma-chine and removed manually. The bending process is automatic. The bending machine allows you to bend quartz tubes of different lengths and with different bending radii. The control and automation of the bending machine is developed on the basis of the COMAT Boxx controller installed in-side the control cabinet.
EVALUATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES DURING PLASTIC BENDING
Authors: Buketkin B. V. , Zyablikov V. M. , Shirshov A. A.
Published: January 2023

The technological operation of bending is widely used in the manufacture of various parts, both rod-like, for example, springs of various types, and shell-type, such as shells and bottoms of petrochemical apparatus, hulls of ships, automobiles. The magnitude of the maximum plastic deformations arising in this case varies within wide limits and can reach rather large values, significantly exceeding the elastic deformations. Regardless of the level of maximum deformations in the product, residual stresses arise, affecting its performance. The paper proposes an approximate method for assessing residual stresses, after complete unloading, depending on the maximum tensile deformations during bending, which is based on the assumption of a linear distribution of deformations over the cross section. Various variants of approximation by a real deformation diagram are considered.
ON THE ISSUE OF CHOOSING SETS OF END MEASURES USING SOFTWARE TOOLS
Authors: Fot A. P. , Shukman A. E.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of our study is to simplify the selection of gauge block sets for producing precision lengths based on automated characteristic calculation and effectiveness evaluation of sets taking into account operational and economic criteria. The methods used are numerical experiments to determine the characteristics of gauge block sets, a comparative analysis of sets by different manufacturers. The relevance of the proposed approach is justified by the large computational complexity and even the impossibility to determine the characteristics of sets without using a computer. An original algorithm is proposed to calculate the characteristics of gauge block sets (the total number of possible composed sizes of one, two, three, four and five blocks, determining the boundaries of sections with a given size step, etc.). The main results are the procedure for selecting the gauge block sets required for a machine-building enterprise. The results can be used by employees of metrological services of various enterprises, in research activities of research institutes and universities, in the educational process during the training of specialists in engineering and technical specialties.
FEATURES OF THE KINEMATICS OF END MILLING WITH TOOLS EQUIPPED WITH MULTI-FACETED NON-SHARPENABLE PLATES
Authors: Zubarev Yu. M. , Bityukov R. N. , Afanasenkov M. A.
Published: January 2023

Increasing the productivity of the processing process and the wear resistance of the cutting tool in a wide range of technological cutting modes, when processing various modern steels and alloys is an urgent task of modern machine-building production. Milling is one of the most common methods of blade processing of materials, carried out with the rotational movement of a multi-toothed tool-a milling cutter. Milling is a method of multi-blade processing, since several teeth are simultaneously in the cutting process, and the higher this number, the lower the intensity of vibrations and the cutting process proceeds more calmly. In this regard, knowing the features of the kinematics of milling workpieces with tools equipped with multi-faceted non-sharpenable plates, it is possible to determine the instantaneous contact angles of any section of the cutter blade, determine the corresponding cutting path, the relative wear of the cutter blade, and predict the dimensional.