bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic integration of technology to foster students’ learning outcomes and motivation in legal English lessons
Authors: Minh La Nguyen Binh
Published: June 2024

This research aims to examine the correlation between the strategic utilization of technology in teaching legal English, a type of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), and students’ motivation. To achieve this aim, experimental research was designed and carried out over a semester (15 weeks) with the participation of 52 first-year students majoring in International Business and Trade Law. They were randomly and evenly divided into the Treatment group and the Control group which received teaching methods using technology and traditional teaching methods respectively. The data were obtained using pre- and post-achievement tests and a motivation questionnaire and then analyzed by using IBM SPSS software v26.0. The findings reveal that the use of technology in legal English lessons has significantly enhanced students’ academic performance. With reference to motivation, such methods resulted in an overall increase in students’ motivation from a pre-treatment moderate level to a post-treatment high level. Remarkably, the motivational factors positively affected by instructional technologies are intrinsic motivation, personal relevance, self-efficacy, assessment anxiety, and self-determination. However, there was no statistically significant change in students’ extrinsic motivation before and after the intervention, which was found to be high in the pre- and post-survey. Based on the results, this study advocates for the well-planned, systematic use of technology to teach legal English in particular and ESP in general.
Exploring the intricacies of politeness and impoliteness in Acehnese speech variations
Authors: Taib Rostina , Wardana Muhammad Kiki , Safhida Maya , Nurrahmah Nurrahmah , Subhayni Subhayni
Published: June 2024

This study examines politeness and impoliteness in Acehnese speech variations conveyed through various linguistic features, including honorifics, politeness markers, and respectful forms of address. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, commencing with observation in different social settings in Acehnese society to identify instances of polite and impolite speech. The data for this study consists of oral data obtained from 13 informants residing in North Aceh, Aceh Pidie, Aceh Besar, and South West Aceh. Data were collected using direct observation techniques and free recall techniques. To ensure well-documented data collection, the researcher recorded the data in manual notes and electronic recordings. Data analysis was conducted using contextual methods. The results demonstrate that in Acehnese language, the politeness and grammaticality of an utterance are highly dependent on the region of use or dialect. Generally, in Acehnese, language is considered polite if the utterance uses proclitics corresponding to the actor in a sentence. However, in the South West Aceh dialect, this rule does not apply. In this dialect, language politeness does not rely on the regular use of proclitics. Proclitics are usually not used in speech and should be attached to the verb, given in the repetition of the subject as the doer of the action. Additionally, politeness in this language is highly dependent on pronouns. Conversely, the rules for using honorific pronouns in other dialects do not measure politeness and grammaticality.
Ecological wisdom in the legend of Otak Aiq Tojang: An ecocritical analysis
Authors: Hilmi Hubbi Saufan , Andayani Andayani , Wardani Nugraheni Eko
Published: June 2024

This study examines the Legend of Otak Aiq Tojang to explore ecological wisdom and spirituality within the Sasak people. Otak Aiq Tojang is a spring sacred to the Sasak people in Lendang Nangka village. This study used a literary ecocriticism approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews. Interviews were conducted with five informants representing predetermined social layers in the community using purposive sampling. The analysis reveals that the legend has profound significance in Sasak’s life, symbolizing a harmonious balance between humans and nature. The connection between ecological policy and sustainability is underscored by the legend of Dewi Anjani, a purported mythological being, and Betere Indra Guru Sakti’s arrival and subsequent discovery of the spring. These tales have an impact on religious observances, including Begawe Beleq and Maulid Adat, which commemorate Prophet Muhammad’s birth. These legends serve not only as historical narratives but also as sources of spiritual and ecological insights. The water deemed auspicious by Otak Aiq Tojang symbolizes sustainability, reflecting the community’s holistic perspective on the environment. Prohibitions of indiscriminate entry and specific food offerings during rituals signify a dedicated preservation effort, illustrating the interconnectedness of cultural norms and ecosystem maintenance. This study enhances our understanding of Sasak’s ecological wisdom, particularly within the context of the Otak Aiq Tojang legend. The implications extend to a deeper comprehension of the interplay between myths, religious rituals, and nature conservation in local cultural settings, thus providing a basis for future research in this domain.
Flipbook and e-learning for teaching English to elementary school teacher education students
Authors: Usman Herlina , Lestari Ika , Siregar Yulia Elfrida Yanty , Rafiqa Syarifa Rafiqa , Sentryo Izlan
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the lecturers’ and students’ perception of flipbooks and e-learning in enhancing English learning for teacher education students, the influence of technology integration on student-centered pedagogy for teacher education students, and the use of flipbooks and e-learning to improve English skills for teacher education students. Thirty students and nine lecturers from elementary school teacher education programs at three Indonesian universities participated in this study, which used the qualitative descriptive technique. They attend Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari in Southeast Sulawesi, Universitas Borneo Tarakan in North Kalimantan, and Universitas Negeri Jakarta in Jakarta. Data collection was conducted through documents, observations, interviews, and questionnaires. This study found that both lecturers and students positively perceive flipbooks and e-learning as tools for enhancing English learning in elementary school teacher education. Flipbooks effectively present complex concepts, while e-learning provides accessible, diverse resources that develop digital skills. Technology integration significantly benefits student-centered pedagogy but also poses challenges such as technical issues and increased workloads. The study highlighted the need for interventions to improve students’ listening and speaking skills, suggesting that combining effective teaching methods and digital media can enhance English language proficiency and the overall learning experience. It is suggested that more efforts should be directed toward promoting technology pedagogy content knowledge that fosters students’ higher-order thinking skills in English teaching materials for elementary school teacher education programs in higher education in Indonesia.
Examining changes in foreign language educators’ attitudes towards the use of computer-assisted learning
Authors: Oshchepkova Tamara , Tolstykh Olesya M. , Panasenko Ekaterina V. , Nazarova Natalia A. , Petrova Natalia V.
Published: June 2024

As digital technologies continue to permeate all aspects of contemporary society, the educational domain, particularly foreign language teaching, has also significantly transformed. During the 1990s, the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) into language teaching was initially met with enthusiasm among educators. However, what originally started as integrating multimedia resources into the learning environment soon escalated into a comprehensive transformation, which included innovations such as online platforms and adaptive learning systems that became part of language teaching curricula. This evolution led to fundamental changes in pedagogical approaches, teacher-student communication, and the overall educational setting within classrooms. As digital technologies evolved and diversified, so did the attitudes of language teachers, whose initial enthusiastic welcome transformed into growing doubt. This research aimed to investigate how digital technologies within the domain of language instruction are utilized and to explore the prevailing attitudes regarding their implementation. The study spanned two decades: the periods from 1990 to 2000 and from 2013 to 2023. Semantic literature analysis of 300 scientific publications was used to determine the educators’ reactions toward the application of ICT, which were categorized into positive, negative, mixed, and research-oriented attitudes. Additionally, a survey of 88 foreign language teachers was conducted to collect empirical data. A clear trend is observed in how language educators perceive and apply technologies in their classrooms. The authors concluded that these tools remain popular among educators despite increasing skepticism and caution regarding ICT efficacy.
Dysphemism in eating expressions in Javanese: A study of cognitive semantics
Authors: Hermandra Hermandra , Citraresmana Elvi , Sarudin Anida , Hassan Hasmidar
Published: June 2024

The word ‘eating’ can produce positive meaning as it is closely tied to human needs. This term is also intricately linked to eating habits. In Javanese society, this term serves to satisfy basic human needs and plays a pivotal role in defining social etiquette. Eating expressions have a broader meaning when examined from a dysphemistic perspective within cognitive semantics. This study employed a descriptive qualitative methodology, with data collection covering interviews, active listening, observation, and note-taking. The data were then analyzed using image schemas and conceptual meaning. The study found that the eating expressions underwent dysphemism in Javanese such as ‘lambene ngemrus wae ket mau! (your mouth keeps eating!), ‘wes, ngrokoti koyo tikus!’ (you eat like a rat!), ‘Gimin esuk-esuk wis nguntal’ (Gimin ate too early this morning), ‘wah, yahene wis nyekek ping pindho’ (you have eaten twice by this time), ‘nyo, badhogen kabeh, aku rasah dingengehi’ (eat all the food and don’t bother to spare for me), ‘panganan kok di gaglak’ (how come you gulping the food?’), and ‘menungso kok gragas?!’ (how on earth could you only eat?!).  Moreover, the study identified conceptual metaphors, comprising six structural metaphors and two orientational metaphors. Structural metaphors arise from systematic relationships observed in daily experiences, whereas orientational metaphors impart spatial direction, including the recognition of top-down image schemes, part-whole image schemes, existence image schemes, and merging image schemes.
English as a ‘local’ language in Russia: the practice of meaning-making in in-group communication
Authors: Gritsenko E. S. , Laletina A. O.
Published: June 2024

The unprecedented global spread of the English language has become the catalyst for its transformation into the local meaning-making resource encoding the communication needs of various speech communities in different parts of the world. This dual process of globalization and localization is particularly evident in the Expanding Circle countries, where originally English had the status of a foreign language and was used primarily to communicate with foreigners. In Russia, which is one of the Expanding Circle countries, various aspects of “glocalization” of English, especially in the sphere of vocabulary, have attracted considerable attention. However, they have not been systemically studied, and our analysis aims to fill this gap. This paper describes the function of English as a language of in-group interaction in Russia. Taking a multiple case study approach and using a constant comparative technique, we reviewed our previous research on the use of English in different communities of practice, namely, the Russian offices of international companies, the young biking community, and the community of popular music professionals. We re-examined all previously collected material, including observational linguistic data and ethnographic interviews, and identified the following three features of English as a “local” language: truncated repertoire, bilingual creativity, or translanguaging, and ingroup-only function. We have also searched the Russian National Corpus for the frequency of several commonly used Anglicisms and English-derived tokens recorded from each community of practice. Based on the multiple case analysis and the Russian National Corpus study, we argue that English and Anglicisms are perceived by community members as an integral part of group repertoire, and group membership hinges on the knowledge of these terms and the ability to use them creatively.
The Church lexicon as a lexical category
Authors: Makarov N. S.
Published: June 2024

The article focuses on the study of church lexicon as a lexical category. The aim of this article is to analyze and compare different linguistic points of view on the key stages of church lexicon development in the Russian and English languages, to determine a working definition of the category “church lexicon”, as well as its most important elements. In order to achieve this goal, the methods of analyzing sources, their subsequent comparison and contrast, identification of analogies and similarities were used, as well as synthesis of information extracted from these sources.

The material includes dissertations, scientific articles and other works of modern Russian scholars considering the concepts “church lexicon” and “religious lexicon”, comparing and juxtaposing them, as well as singling out constituent elements of the categories “church lexicon”, “religious lexicon”, “sacral lexicon”, and “liturgical lexicon”. In this article are used the works of such scholars as A.A. Azarov, I.V. Bugaeva, S.V. Bulavina, N.S. Valgina, R.I. Goryushina, E.V. Kakorina, I.A. Koroleva, T.I. Kosheleva and others.

The results of the research show that the interest in the church lexicon as a lexical category among Russian linguists has increased since the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries due to the revival of the Christian Church of various denominations, as well as other religious organizations. The long period of persecution of the Christian Church in Russia has affected church vocabulary, marginalizing it and relegating it to the periphery of the language. In the UK, USA and other English-speaking linguistic communities, the activities of the Christian Church have never been banned or persecuted, and the history of church vocabulary in the English language as such has never faced marginalization similar to that in Russia.

It has also been established that church vocabulary is part of the broader category of “religious vocabulary” and includes basic concepts from the sphere of the life of the Christian Church. Although scholars argue about the constituents of the category “church lexicon”, many agree that it includes the names of sacraments and rites, elements of the church calendar, names of church buildings and their elements, items of decoration, elements of vestments, as well as names of persons in relation to the Christian faith and the Christian Church.

This article may be of interest to philologists, linguists, and teachers of the Russian and English languages.
Ideologeme “revolución” in the political discourse of Spanish Carlism
Authors: Tereshchuk A. A. , Grigorchenkova N. I.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the use of the ideologeme “revolution” in the Carlist political discourse. Spanish Carlism, which is one of the oldest political movements in modern Europe, appeared in 1833 and opposed liberal reforms in Spain. Throughout its history, the Carlists positioned themselves as consistent opponents of revolutionary ideology. The aim of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of the texts of Spanish Carlism and to identify the specifics of the use of the lexeme “revolution” and similar lexical units. To achieve the stated goal, 229 programme documents of the Carlist movement were analysed. The time frame of the study is 1833–1936. The lower temporal boundary is the Carlist uprising against the government in Madrid, which led to the First Carlist War. The upper temporal boundary is the beginning of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). In the analysed texts, 108 uses of the lexeme “revolución”, 39 of the noun “revolucionario” and 16 of the adjective “revolucionario” were singled out. Using the methods of contextual and critical discourse analysis we traced the change in the emotional colouring of the ideologeme in question. Since the Carlists were opponents of revolutionary movements, for them this notion served to create an image of the enemy, but over time the emotional colouring of the ideologeme in question decreased. In the analysed texts there is an opposition between the ideologeme “rebellion”, which has positive connotations, and the ideologeme “revolution” with negative connotations. At the genetic stage of the history of Karlism (1833–1876), a mixture of elements of religious and political discourse is observed.
Tradición, paisaje alimentario y la dieta de barbacoyeros de Capulhuac: análisis de las prácticas alimentarias
Authors: García-Aguirre Edna Graciela , Benítez-Arciniega Alejandra Donají , Vizcarra–Bordi Ivonne , López-Moreno Ignacio
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: explorar cómo las prácticas alimentarias locales relacionadas con la producción de barbacoa reflejan dinámicas entre la herencia cultural arraigada y los factores contemporáneos, ofreciendo una visión de los desafíos nutricionales en México reconociendo la importancia del paisaje alimentario, las elecciones de alimentos y las dinámicas sociales relacionadas con la comida. Metodología: estudio con enfoques cuantitativo y cualitativo para analizar las prácticas alimentarias de familias productoras de barbacoa. Se evaluó antropométricamente el estado de nutrición y la dieta de los participantes. Se emplearon entrevistas semiestructuradas, observaciones directas y geocodificación. El estudio siguió estándares bioéticos en todos los procedimientos. Resultados: en Capulhuac, las prácticas alimentarias tradicionales reflejan una herencia cultural arraigada y conviven con influencias contemporáneas. La urbanización ha transformado el paisaje alimentario, reflejando una creciente disponibilidad de alimentos procesados, mientras que la venta y consumo de barbacoa son elementos centrales de identidad y economía local. Conclusiones. en Capulhuac, las prácticas alimentarias tradicionales reflejan una identidad arraigada en la historia rural, aunque enfrentan influencias contemporáneas hacia una alimentación poco saludable. La barbacoa es importante económicamente pero se necesita promover una dieta equilibrada. El entorno alimentario es complejo y refleja influencias externas y tradiciones locales por lo que es crucial considerar tanto lo biológico como lo cualitativo en la investigación epidemiológica nutricional.
Agroecological Fair as a Differential Space: an Expression of Resistance
Authors: Becker Rúbia Goi , Campos Simone Alves Pacheco de , Rizzetti Daniele Medianeira
Published: June 2024

Objective: From the perspective of agroecology, this study analyzes the arts of making as constituents of the fractures through which the agroecological fair emerges as a differential space.
 
Theoretical Framework: It is argued that such a fair emerges in the abstract space due to the fracture caused in it by the incorporation of differences about the agroecological way of life, as a form of resistance to the logic of accumulation. The ways of being and existing others, materialized in the space of the agroecological fair, allow us to recognize it as an expression of dialectical resistance to the forces of homogenization.
 
Method: This research was developed through an ethnography, in the period from 2022 to 2023, from the experience in 4 agroecological fairs, in which the corpus was built through narrative interviews carried out with 25 actors. And the data were organized according to the assumptions of Riessman (1993, 2008), using thematic narrative analysis.
 
Results and Discussion: The findings reveal that the arts of making that mark the existence of the fair resist the logic of hegemonic production and consumption, opening fissures in the urban way of life, in front of which it emerges as a differential space. By resisting, the actors use their arts of making to establish their relational networks and thus produce spaces for valuing and rescuing individual and/or collective trajectories.
 
Research Implications, Originality and Value: The contribution to the field of Organizational Studies lies in the theoretical debate elaborated in the periphery of academic studies, in which the arts of doing are formed by the knowledge of workers often ignored by the narratives of Administration.
Metal Concentrations in the Tissues of Blue Crabs in the Estuarine Region of the São Francisco River, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Farias Maria Carolina Lima , Guimarães Júnior José , Meneses Diógenes , Oliveira Alexandre
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate concentrations of metals in the tissues of the midgut gland and muscles of males and females of Callinectes sapidus and C. bocourti from the estuarine region of the São Francisco River.
 
Theoretical Framework: A critical aspect of the introduction of chemical substances into aquatic systems is the bioaccumulation within the food chain, particularly with respect to contamination by heavy metals. In estuaries, this situation may cause impacts on the biota and pose risks to public health.
 
Method: Tissue samples were prepared following the procedures described by Sawidis (2011) and analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
 
Results and Discussion: The highest concentrations observed were of Copper, especially in the tissues of females, which may be related to the presence of hemocyanin in the blood, or the need for trace elements by the females to complete their life cycle. It was also found that the muscle tissue exhibited the highest concentrations, indicating potential bioaccumulation in the biota, explaining the concentrations above those established by legislation.
 
Research Implications: This study has significant implications for public health, as it addresses aspects previously unknown about the fishing of this important resource, serving as a valuable contribution to the establishment of public health and environmental policies. The findings may assist in fishery management and public health measures.
 
Originality/Value: This study represents the first analysis of metals in crustaceans from the lower São Francisco region and contributes to the existing body of knowledge, offering new insights into the presence of metals in invertebrates from one of the most important estuarine regions in the country.
Heading for Sustainability in the Amazon: a Systemic Approach and Proposals to Combat Deforestation
Authors: Gomes José Maria da Silveira , Figueiredo Luiz Fernando Gonçalves de , Rodrigues Caio Castro , Castro Gledson Luiz Salgado de , Zissou Alex de Jesus , Andrade Edson do Socorro Silva , Morais Emerson Cordeiro , Campos Pedro Silvestre da Silva , Almeida José Felipe Souza de , Farias Paulo Roberto Silva , Chase Otavio Andre
Published: June 2024

Objective: The objective of this research is to carry out a comprehensive literature review, focusing on the period from 1988 to 2022, to systematically analyze the main anthropogenic activities responsible for deforestation in the Brazilian Legal Amazon.
 
Theoretical reference: The theoretical framework of this research is based on the existing literature on deforestation in the Amazon, covering concepts related to anthropogenic activities, environmental impacts and conservation policies.
 
Methodology: The method employed consists of a thorough analysis of the main scientific publication platforms and databases to compile relevant information on deforestation in the Legal Amazon. In addition, the research uses a systemic analysis to assess the future of deforestation.
 
Results and Conclusion: The results highlight the critical areas of deforestation in the region, identifying extensive farming and illegal mining as the predominant factors. The temporal analysis projects an increase in deforestation if these activities persist. The alternatives proposed include models of sustainable agriculture, with an emphasis on preserving agrobiodiversity. The research concludes by highlighting the urgent need for more effective public policies, especially in the illegal mining sector.
 
Research Implications: The implications of this research address the urgency of measures to tackle deforestation in the Legal Amazon, including the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices. It also highlights the need for more effective public policies, especially in relation to illegal mining, which is recognized as a high-impact activity.
 
Originality/Value: The originality of this research lies in its comprehensive approach, integrating a literature review with a temporal analysis, and proposing sustainable solutions. It contributes to understanding the challenges faced in the Legal Amazon, presenting viable directions for conservation and sustainable management, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive and effective public policies.
Aerodynamic Feedforward-Feedback Architecture for Tailsitter Control in Hybrid Flight Regimes
Authors: McIntosh Kristoff F. , Mishra Sandipan , Reddinger Jean-Paul
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a guidance-control design methodology for the autonomous maneuvering of tailsitter transitioning unmanned aerial systems (t-UASs) in hybrid flight regimes (i.e., the dynamics between VTOL and fixed-wing regimes). The tailsitter guidance-control architecture consists of a trajectory planner, an outer-loop position controller, an inner-loop attitude controller, and a control allocator. The trajectory planner uses a simplified tailsitter model, with aerodynamic and wake effect considerations, to generate a set of transition trajectories with associated aerodynamic force estimates based on an optimization metric specified by a human operator (minimum time transition). The outer-loop controller then uses the aerodynamic force estimate computed by the trajectory planner as a feedforward signal alongside feedback linearization of the outer-loop dynamics for 6DOF position control. The inner-loop attitude controller is a standard nonlinear dynamic inversion control law that generates the desired pitch, roll, and yaw moments, which are then converted to the appropriate rotor speeds by the control allocator. Analytical conditions for robust stability are derived for the outer-loop position controller to guarantee performance in the presence of uncertainty in the feedforward aerodynamic force compensation. Finally, both tracking performance and stability of the control architecture are evaluated on a high-fidelity flight dynamics simulation of a quadrotor biplane tailsitter for flight missions that demand high maneuverability in transition between flight modes.
DEFICIENTE COOPERAÇÃO NO COMBATE A COVID-19 ENTRE OS MUNICÍPIOS DE FRONTEIRA
Authors: Quintana Glênio , Hermany Ricardo
Published: June 2024

Analisa-se a situação dos municípios de fronteira no que diz respeito a seu desenvolvimento socioeconômico e garantias do direito à saúde, e também sobre as medidas de enfrentamento à COVID-19 nesta região. Assim, o trabalho se propõe a responder: existe cooperação em saúde no combate a pandemia causada pelo COVID-19 na fronteira? O estudo é realizado utilizando o método de abordagem dedutivo e de procedimento bibliográfico. Com isso, o artigo divide-se: primeiramente, aborda o direito à saúde, seu conceito e quando começou a fazer parte das normas brasileiras; em um segundo momento, estuda-se como foi mudando a legislação sobre as fronteiras ao passar das décadas e sua consequência nesta região; finaliza-se apresentando dados que indicam se houve algum tipo de cooperação em saúde entre os municípios de fronteira durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Conclui-se que, segundo pesquisa realizada consultando os gestores municipais desta região, que a cooperação existente é deficiente entre municípios de diferentes lados da fronteira.  Desse modo, evidencia-se que se houver mais integração e trabalho em conjunto nessas localidades o direito à saúde pode ser melhor garantido a esta população.
SMART CITIES SOB A CRÍTICA DA CIDADE DAS CRIANÇAS
Authors: Ribeiro Joana , Petry Veronese Josiane Rose
Published: June 2024

Resumo:  O presente artigo objetiva questionar a implementação das smart cities, utilizando o método dedutivo, a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 e passando pelo Marco Legal da Primeira Infância, para apresentar o programa da “Cidade da Crianças” e sugerir que instituições para participação democrática das crianças, implementadas na cidade italiana de Fano, à exemplo do Laboratório das Crianças e do Conselho das Crianças, sejam efetivadas no Brasil, por ocasião da formulação dos planos municipais de primeira infância, para garantir que nenhuma estratégia tecnológica seja aplicada nas cidades, antes que as instâncias de participação democrática das crianças sejam previamente instituídas.
Exploring chat generated pre-trained transformer-3 ability to interpret MRI knee images and generate reports
Authors: Saran Sonal , Shirodkar Kapil , Ariyaratne Sisith , Iyengar Karthikeyan , Jenko Nathan , Durgaprasad B. K. , Botchu Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Objectives:

The study’s objective was to determine if Chat Generated Pre-Trained Transformer-3 (ChatGPT)-4V can interpret magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) knees and generate preliminary reports based on images and clinical history provided by the radiologist.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional observational study involved selecting 10 MRI knees with representative imaging findings from the institution’s radiology reporting database. Key MRI images were then input into the ChatGPT-4V model, which was queried with four questions: (i) What does the image show?; (ii) What is the sequence?; (iii) What is the key finding?; and, (iv) Finally, the model generated a report based on the provided clinical history and key finding. Responses from ChatGPT-4 were documented and independently evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists through Likert scoring.

Results:

The mean scores for various questions in the assessment were as follows: 2 for “What does the image show?,” 2.10 for “What is the sequence?,” 1.15 for “What is the key finding?,” and the highest mean score of 4.10 for the command “Write a report of MRI of the…” Radiologists consistently gave mean scores ranging from 2.0 to 2.5 per case, with no significant differences observed between different cases (P > 0.05). The interclass correlation coefficient between the two raters was 0.92 (95% Confidence interval: 0.85–0.96).

Conclusion:

ChatGPT-4V excelled in generating reports based on user-fed clinical information and key findings, with a mean score of 4.10 (good to excellent proficiency). However, its performance in interpreting medical images was subpar, scoring ≤2.10. ChatGPT-4V, as of now, cannot interpret medical images accurately and generate reports.
Problem demokracji w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Gieraś Angelika
Published: June 2024

Jeżeli wśród państw członkowskich powstanie idea Europy federalnej, Europy imperium albo Europy a’la carte, to zarówno system prawny, jak i system aksjologiczny można dostosować do współczesnych potrzeb. W zależności od tego, jakie przyszła Unia będzie miała potrzeby, takie działania można podejmować. Bez wątpienia potrzebna jest większa edukacja obywateli i skuteczniejsze budowanie europejskiego kapitału społecznego, politycznego i gospodarczego. Proces ten jest trudniejszy w ramach całej UE niż w ramach poszczególnych państw członkowskich. Społeczeństwa europejskie mogą być zniechęcone do podejmowania działań pogłębiających integrację, ponieważ widzą brak efektywności i skuteczności w działaniach Wspólnoty. Unia Europejska zagwarantowała państwom sprawiedliwe zasady członkostwa, a brak poszanowania zasad demokracji wewnątrz danego państwa jest kryterium dyskwalifikującym przynależność do Wspólnoty, zarówno wśród aktualnych członków, jak i potencjalnych kandydatów. Komisja Europejska jest „strażnikiem traktatów” i jest kompetentna co do oceny działań podejmowanych przez rządy państw europejskich.
Reform of teaching a special foreign language based on the case study method: using the example of special terms in the transport and logistics industry
Authors: Чэнь Ц.
Published: June 2024

Целью является обеспечение студентов знаниями, которые они могут использовать на практике в своей будущей профессиональной деятельности. Использование случаев из реальной жизни в обучении помогает студентам лучше понять, как применять специальную лексику и терминологию в контексте конкретных ситуаций. Научная новизна статьи использование современных технологий для стимулирования реформы модели подготовки кадров является неизбежным путем укрепления образования. В данной статье анализируются проблемы, существующие в преподавании курса «Профессиональный иностранный язык», и рассматривается важность метода кейс-стади в преподавании курса «Профессиональный иностранный язык» на примере специальности в области транспорта. Также пересматривается теоретическая модель преподавания курса, разрабатываются методики аудирования, выражения мыслей, чтения, письма, развития словарного запаса и другие методы классного обучения, предоставляющие новые идеи и справочные материалы для реформы преподавания курса «Профессиональный иностранный язык». В результате использование методики кейсов для обучения специальной лексике в области транспорта является новаторским подходом, который отличается оттрадиционных методов преподавания языка. Это предоставляет студентам более практический и контекстуальный опыт, помогая им лучше понять и запомнить специфическую терминологию в контексте ее использования.

The aim is to provide students with knowledge that they can use in practice in their future professional activities. Using real-life cases in teaching helps students better understand how to apply special vocabulary and terminology in the context of specific situations. The scientific novelty of the article the use of modern technologies to stimulate the reform of the training model is an inevitable way to strengthen education. This article analyzes the problems that exist in teaching the course «Professional foreign language», and examines the importance of the case study method in teaching the course «Professional foreign language» on the example of a specialty in the field of transport. The theoretical model of teaching the course is also being revised, methods of listening, expressing thoughts, reading, writing, vocabulary development and other classroom teaching methods are being developed, providing new ideas and reference materials for the reform of teaching the course «Professional Foreign Language». As a result, the use of case studies to teach special vocabulary in the field of transport is an innovative approach that differs from traditional methods of language teaching. This provides students with a more hands-on and contextual experience, helping them better understand and remember specific terminology in the context of its use.
Teaching foreign language vocabulary in universities: artificial intelligence as a teaching assistant in Russian universities
Authors: Шубина Ю.В.
Published: June 2024

В эпоху цифровизации и глобализации владение иностранными языками является ключевым навыком для успешной профессиональной деятельности. Однако традиционные методы обучения лексике зачастую малоэффективны и не способствуют долгосрочному запоминанию. Данное исследование посвящено изучению потенциала искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) как инструмента для повышения эффективности обучения иноязычной лексике в вузах России. В рамках исследования были проанализированы данные о результатах обучения 1500 студентов из 15 вузов России, использующих ИИ-системы для изучения английского языка. Применялись методы статистического анализа, анкетирования и интервьюирования преподавателей и студентов. Для оценки эффективности использовались такие показатели, как объем усвоенной лексики, скорость запоминания, длительность сохранения в памяти и практическое применение в речи. Выявлено, что применение ИИ-систем позволило увеличить объем усвоенной лексики на 35% по сравнению с традиционными методами. Скорость запоминания выросла в среднем на 28%, а длительность сохранения в памяти - на 42%. Студенты, использовавшие ИИ, демонстрировали более уверенное и частое применение изученной лексики в речи. 87% опрошенных преподавателей отметили существенное облегчение своей работы и возможность сосредоточиться на коммуникативных аспектах обучения. Разработана модель внедрения ИИ в процесс обучения лексике, адаптируемая под специфику различных вузов.

In the era of digitalization and globalization, proficiency in foreign languages is a key skill for successful professional activity. However, traditional methods of teaching vocabulary are often ineffective and do not contribute to long-term memorization. This study is devoted to the study of the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) as a tool to improve the effectiveness of teaching foreign language vocabulary in Russian universities. The study analyzed data on the learning outcomes of 1,500 students from 15 universities in Russia using AI systems to learn English. Methods of statistical analysis, questionnaires and interviews of teachers and students were used. To assess the effectiveness, such indicators as the amount of vocabulary learned, the speed of memorization, the duration of storage in memory and practical application in speech were used. It was revealed that the use of AI systems allowed to increase the volume of learned vocabulary by 35% compared to traditional methods. The speed of memorization increased by an average of 28%, and the duration of storage in memory increased by 42%. Students who used AI demonstrated a more confident and frequent use of the studied vocabulary in speech. 87% of the teachers surveyed noted a significant simplification of their work and the opportunity to focus on the communicative aspects of learning. A model has been developed for the introduction of AI into the vocabulary learning process, adapted to the specifics of various universities.
A mechanistic model explaining ligand affinity for, and partial agonism of, cannabinoid receptor 1
Authors: Shahbazi Fred , Meister Daniel , Mohammadzadeh Sanam , Trant John
Published: June 2024

CB1, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor class, is the putative protein target of THC, the psychoactive component of cannabis. To better identify new synthetic cannabinoids with increased activity, all cannabinoids with reported experimental binding to the CB1 receptor were modelled in silico to build a predictive model for CB1 affinity of small molecules. Computationally derived affinity is not sufficient in and of itself to predict binding, but coupled with the experimental evidence that ligands enter the receptor from the membrane rather than solvent, we provide a model that accurately describes the binding of these molecules by incorporating a correction factor for relative hydrophobicity. In addition, we propose a mechanism of action for partial CB1 agonists based on molecular dynamics simulations of THC homologues, modelling long time scale structural changes in the CB1 receptor. Together, the affinity model, and the mechanism of agonism/antagonism can allow for the computational prediction of both the effective behaviour and potency of novel cannabinoids, and several such predictions are made.
Regioselective Palladaelectro-catalyzed Chlorination of Arenes in an Undivided Cell Setup
Authors: Ponra Sudipta , Sitdikov Ruzal , Calis Alyssio , Verho Oscar
Published: June 2024

Chloroarenes constitute fundamental building blocks in organic synthesis and are widely applied in the synthesis of bioactive compounds, fine chemicals, materials, natural products and pharmaceuticals. Electrochemical chlorination has been recognized as a promising synthetic method for accessing chloroarenes, but it has proved challenging to achieve in practice as shown by the limited number of existing protocols. Herein, we report on a highly general electrocatalytic strategy for the regioselective chlorination of various substituted heteroaryl scaffolds in an undivided cell setup, using ethyl chloroformate as the chlorine source. This strategy offers several practical advantages over existing methodologies, including an operationally simple experimental setup, exceptional functional group tolerance, and the possibility to form either the mono- or bis-chlorinated products in high selectivity depending on the choice of catalyst loading, electric current and ethyl chloroformate equivalents. The practicality and selectivity of the protocol were demonstrated by the successful chlorination of an array of densely-substituted arene frameworks as well as by the synthesis of chlorinated bioactive molecules.
Boosting Cathodic Performance of Ni-rich NCM811 via Uric Acid Derived Nitrogen-doped Carbon-Coating in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Venkatesan Savunthari Kirankumar , Keerthivasan Pulia Venkatachalapathy , Ashok Vallal Saravanan , Anbalagan Aswin kumar , A. Salem Asad
Published: June 2024

The nickel-rich layered Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2, popularly known as NCM811, is considered a high-performance cathode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high specific capacity and energy density. However, because of its poor structural stability, it suffers from long-run performance in LIBs. The surface coating technique can enhance the performance of the NCM811 cathode by preventing its surface degradation during prolonged contact with electrolytes. Herein, we report a uric acid-derived nitrogen-doped carbon-coated NCM811 cathode to enhance the cathodic performance. The materials were prepared by a facile one-step calcination in which different weights of uric acid are mixed well with NCM811 through ball milling followed by sintering. The XRD peaks confirm the formation of a pure phase in both the bare and modified NCM811 materials. The morphological characteristics and coating thickness are observed by FE-SEM and FE-TEM analysis, respectively. Electrochemical characterizations such as galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), cyclic performance, and rate capability studies show that the 0.1-NCM811 material can effectively tailor the electrochemical performance of the cathode in LIBs. The capacity retention of 0.1-NCM811 material is 92.7% and 85.8% at 100 cycles in 0.1C and 300 cycles in 1C, respectively. The improved electrochemical performance of coated NCM811 cathode is associated with the effective coating of nitrogen-doped carbon which can hinder the electrode dissolution process while amplifying the ionic conductivity.
Simulation-guided engineering enables a functional switch in selinadiene synthase towards hydroxylation
Authors: Srivastava Prabhakar L. , Johns Sam T. , Voice Angus , Morley Katharine , Escorcia Andrés M. , Miller David J. , Allemann Rudolf K. , Van der Kamp Marc W.
Published: June 2024

Engineering sesquiterpene synthases to form predefined alternative products is a major challenge due to their diversity in cyclisation mechanisms and our limited understanding of how amino acid changes affect the steering of these mechanisms. Here, we use a combination of atomistic simulation and site-directed mutagenesis to engineer a selina-4(15),7(11)-diene synthase (SdS) such that its final reactive carbocation is quenched by a trapped active site water, resulting in the formation of a complex hydroxylated sesquiterpene (selina-4-ol). Initially, the SdS G305E variant produced 20% selina-4-ol. As suggested by modelling of the enzyme-carbocation complex, selina-4-ol production could be further improved by varying the pH, resulting in selina-4-ol becoming the major product (48%) at pH 6.0. We incorporated the SdS G305E variant along with genes from the mevalonate pathway into bacterial BL21(DE3) cells and demonstrated production of selina-4-ol at a scale of 10 mg/L in batch fermentation. These results highlight opportunities for simulation-guided engineering of terpene synthases to produce predefined complex hydroxylated sesquiterpenes.
Room-temperature phosphorescence from bamboo fibers and designed materials
Authors: Zhai Yingxiang , Zhou Jingyi , Dang Ben , Cui Xinping , Liu Shouxin , Shi Xuetong , Bi Ran , Li Jian , Li Shujun , Rojas Orlando , Chen Zhijun
Published: June 2024

Recent developments in room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from biobased polymers have shown great promise in realizing sustainable RTP systems. Here, we introduce an efficient “top-down” method to achieve RTP biofibers using sixteen species of bamboo following partial delignification (B-fibers). The photophysical characterization combined with structural, surface and chemical inquiries (XRD, XPS, FTIR) along with DFT calculations revealed the fundamental reasons for RTP, associated with the interactions between cellulose, hemicelluloses and the residual lignin. Multiple emissive oxygen-containing clusters and aromatic chromophores in the B-fibers were shown to be RTP-active (wavelengths going from 450 to 530 nm at an increased excitation from 240 to 360 nm). Green afterglow with a lifetime of 294.9 ms (excitation wavelength = 270 nm) was observed while blue fluorescence and long-lived yellow-green RTP took place under 365 nm irradiation. Such effects were modulated by the crystalline environment and hydrogen bonding interactions. The RTP emission of the B-fibers was found to be sensitive to temperature, excitation and humidity. Moreover, when combined with a water-soluble fluorescent dye (following simple immersion), red afterglow emission was demonstrated under the effect of energy-transfer. Following these results, we synthesized functional luminescent materials (paper, films, textiles and aerogels), proposed herein as practical, sustainable and compostable choices for photoexcitation in the visible range.
Clinical Manifestations of Runny nose among Patients Attending Baqubah Teaching Hospital
Authors:   College of Medicine, University of Diyala , Iraq, Jaafar Khalaf Qays , Lafta Salman Ali , Abdelmajid Al katatbeh Mohammad , Nabhan Hussein Sura
Published: June 2024

Background: The runny nose refers to a discharge (fluid) coming from the nasal passages.Runny nose is associated with inflammation and swelling (congestion) of the inner lining of the nasal passages and sinuses. May associated with atopic condition the patient complain from nasal obstruction, runny nose, episode of sneezing, and nasal pruritis. Objective: To examine the demographic distribution, clinical features, and age disparities among male and female patients with Runny nose (Rhinorrhea). Patients and Methods: A study was done on 100 AR patients at Baqubah Teaching Hospital. Information on demographics, clinical symptoms, and age variations between males and females were gathered and examined through the use of descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests. Results: The Findings revealed that most of the subjects were women (56%) and homemakers (38%), with an average age of 29.73 years. Frequent symptoms comprised of sneezing (93%), runny nose (83%), itchy nose (74%), and stuffy nose (92%). There was no notable variation in age between males and females (p = 0.139). Conclusion: Clinical symptoms of runny nose are often recognized consist of rhinorrhea, sneezing, obstruction of the nasal passages with lacrimation and pruritus of the nasal mucosa, conjunctiva and oropharynx with history of allergic rhinitis. Conditions commonly associated with allergic rhinitis include asthma, sinusitis, allergic conjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis. Long standing disease can lead to mucosa remodeling, atrophic skin changes, nasal infection and overall increased morbidity. Keywords: Runny nose, nasal obstractions , nasal pruritis, stuffy nose