bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maskilische Schriften der Graßischen Druckerei in Breslau
Authors: Hecht Louise
Published: May 2024

The article focuses on the history of the Graß or Graß and Barth publishing house in Breslau from the eighteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, it tackles the role of women in the management and the involvement of the printing house in the dissemination of Haskalah literature, two chapters that are usually underrepresented in book history. In addition, the commitment of a Christian printer to Hebrew printing and his involvement with the Jewish Enlightenment will be addressed. The hitherto under-researched history of the Graßische Druckerei in Breslau will thus be embedded in cultural-historical questions about booklore, the Central European Haskalah and Gender Studies. Additionally, the paper examines the transfer of knowledge between the majority and minority population.
Esther Gad und das gesellige Leben in Breslau um 1800
Authors: Gajdis Anna
Published: May 2024

The article paints a vivid picture of late-eighteenth-century Breslau and places the Jewish writer Esther Gad, who was married to local tradesman Samuel Bernard in 1791, in the city’s sociable life. Mentioning Gad’s many contacts to writers and philosophers such as Christian Garve, Jean Paul, and Elisa von der Recke, the article singles out Esther Gad’s friendship with Rahel Levin Varnhagen, who visited Breslau in 1794 and described her impressions of the city in letters to her family. In 1798, Gad joined her friend in Berlin, seeking for opportunities in the Prussian capital she did not have in her Silesian hometown.
Die Anfänge der ›jüdischen Moderne‹ in der Aufklärungszeit. Zum Diskurs zwischen Moses Mendelssohn und Christian Wilhelm Dohm
Authors: Battenberg J. Friedrich
Published: May 2024

This contribution locates the beginnings of emancipation of Central-European Jews with the development of social and cultural modernisation. In order to explain this, I will show facts and conditions of the discourse between on the one hand Christian Wilhelm Dohm, as an enlightened Prussian public official and on the other hand philosopher Moses Mendelsohn. I will place this discourse in the centre of my treatise and I will ask in how far it effected a breakthrough of modernisation. My subject will in particular be the coming into view and including of the public; and also, the cameralistic ideas of the benefit of marginalised parts of the population. In addition, the impetus for the debate deriving from conditions in Alsace. And finally, the question in what way the ideas of Dohm and Mendelsohn, although not identical, make a distinction from former ideas of Jewish equality. Even though complete legal emancipation of Jews was another century in coming this initial trigger resulted in decisive criteria and keywords for the oncoming debate.
Analysis of foot 3D scans of boys from Polish population
Authors: Gajewski Robert , Kwiecień Joanna , Piotrowska Katarzyna , Ławińska Katarzyna
Published: May 2024

In Poland, the currently used lasts are based on data obtained in the 1970s. These data may be largely out of date, which is due to changes resulting from secular trends, migration changes, and, above all, the fact that there are now tools that enable measurements to be made with significantly higher precision. Such tools are 3D scanners. In this article, we present the results of children’s foot measurements taken using a 3D scanner. We collected data on the feet dimensions obtained with the 3D scanner for boys in the age range of 4–13. We have obtained data on dimensions, proportions, and the rate of changes in consecutive years. The obtained data confirmed the increase in dimensions of the children’s feet as well as changes in proportions. These data will be used for development of new standard for lasts. The aim of the study was to collect anthropometrical data on boys’ feet dimensions.
Keep me PoS-ted: experimenting with Part-of-Speech prediction on Old Babylonian letters
Authors: Ryberg Smidt Gustav , De Graef Katrien , Lefever Els
Published: May 2024

Within this paper we will account for a cooperation between Ghent University based Assyriologists and computational linguists that has set up a pilot study to analyse the language used in Old Babylonian (OB) letters using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. OB letters make up an interesting dataset because (1) they form an invaluable source for everyday vernacular language, and (2) more than 5000 have been recovered, many of which are accessible in transliteration and translation through the series Altbabylonische Briefe and the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. Based on a first batch of letters from OB Sippar, later extended by other Akkadian letters, we aim to develop machine learning approaches to perform semi-automatic text analysis and annotation of the letters. We will here present a Part-of-Speech (PoS) tag prediction model using machine learning. The input data is Akkadian in transliteration and the best performing model is a fine-tuned Multilingual BERT Transformer with Word embeddings (weighted avg F1: 90.19 %). When compared to the benchmark attempt of PoS tagging on a larger Akkadian corpus (97.67 %), it leaves room for improvement. However, analysing the results shows us that multilingual word embeddings improve the model performance and with an enlargement of the corpus targeting certain classes, we could considerably better the macro average F1 scores.
Conditional generative adversarial networks for individualized causal mediation analysis
Authors: Huan Cheng , Sun Rongqian , Song Xinyuan
Published: May 2024

Most classical methods popularly used in causal mediation analysis can only estimate the average causal effects and are difficult to apply to precision medicine. Although identifying heterogeneous causal effects has received some attention, the causal effects are explored using the assumptive parametric models with limited model flexibility and analytic power. Recently, machine learning is becoming a major tool for accurately estimating individualized causal effects, thanks to its flexibility in model forms and efficiency in capturing complex nonlinear relationships. In this article, we propose a novel method, conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) for individualized causal mediation analysis (CGAN-ICMA), to infer individualized causal effects based on the CGAN framework. Simulation studies show that CGAN-ICMA outperforms five other state-of-the-art methods, including linear regression, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine regression, decision tree, and random forest regression. The proposed model is then applied to a study on the Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative dataset. The application further demonstrates the utility of the proposed method in estimating the individualized causal effects of the apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele on cognitive impairment directly or through mediators.
Die studentische Gesundheit – Herausforderungen und Potenziale
Authors: Kroiß Katharina , Jochem Carmen , Weber Andrea
Published: May 2024

Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet den Gesundheitszustand von Studierenden an einer deutschen Universität. Eine umfassende Analyse von Schutz- und Risikofaktoren ermöglicht eine gezielte Etablierung von Maßnahmen des Studentischen Gesundheitsmanagements. Hierdurch können gesundheitliche Vorteile sowohl für das einzelne Individuum erreicht als auch gesamtgesellschaftliche Gesundheitseffekte erzielt werden.
Theory and every thing: acquiring the office of Professor Stephen Hawking as a resource for history and museology
Authors: Blyth Tilly , Boyle Alison
Published: May 2024

How do the curators of science and technology collections represent the daily realities of doing science? Through the acquisition of Professor Stephen Hawking’s office by the Science Museum, this paper will explore what is involved in making major acquisitions for national collections. How do curators consider what to preserve from the eclectic range of items found in the working spaces of scientists? What do the personal artefacts of a scientist’s life represent, and what do acts of curatorial choices say about the narratives that are foregrounded – and those that are not – in positioning that life historically? And how do those choices illuminate the considerations involved in the way science and technology is represented in our national collections? By going beyond the glass case, we consider what it takes to bring an object into a collection: the intellectual considerations of how its stories are preserved for a nation and the practical considerations required so that items can even be considered for future display. The paper illuminates the formal and informal networks around scientists’ collections, and the processes and judgements that science and technology curators make every day when choosing what could be important for defining our history. Using the Stephen Hawking office as a case study the article explores the representation of scientific practice in museum collections, the relationship of some collections with celebrity and disability, and some of the challenges posed by science and technology acquisitions compared to other types of museum object. The paper explores how knowledge is generated in museum collections, through the act of acquiring a new collection. It asks fundamental questions, which are essential to the fields of museology and science and technology studies, about the contribution to knowledge made by personal scientific objects. It goes beyond the study of collections as artefacts of display in exhibitions and galleries, providing a detailed analysis of a routine but often-neglected aspect of behind-the-scenes museum work: the acquisition of a collection. Arguing that a large and complex collection is a vital tool for understanding the complexity of science, the paper uses the ‘museum as method’ (Thomas, 2016) which prioritises simple curatorial questions and the use of the objects in exploration; this enables scholars and curators to respond to material evidence of scientific knowledge, and identify narratives that are prioritised, and others that are obscured, in the historic record. In doing so, it suggests that curators are uniquely placed to provide insights into the roles of human and non-human actors in the construction of scientific knowledge, demonstrating how the Hawking collection allows us to explore the nature of scientific practice, the creation of scientific celebrity, and the potential to give visibility to disability within the history of science whilst de-centring the myth of the scientific genius in museum narratives.
Collaboration and mediation: a guide to the creation of the Stephen Hawking Archive
Authors: Dean Katrina , Gordon Susan
Published: May 2024

In this paper we discuss the creation of the Stephen Hawking Archive through processes of collaboration, and human and technological mediation.[1] We focus on the production of documents including scientific and popular writings, correspondence and lectures in different media and forms of communication from handwriting, diagrams and typing to word processing and digital communication. We consider these processes to think about what is important in the Stephen Hawking Archive, including where authorship is located, and what this shows about scientific collaboration and communication in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. We also briefly consider how archivists have mediated the Archive since it was received by Cambridge University Library (CUL) in 2021 through its arrangement and description, and we look forward to developing the Archive in the future, including the possibility of acquiring further digital files to include in the Archive.
Activities of navy chaplains in organising libraries on ships of the Russian Imperial Navy at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries
Authors: Singh Sozont , Konopleva Ekaterina
Published: May 2024

The activity of the navy chaplains outside the framework of worship is still a little-studied aspect of the service of the Orthodox clergy in the navy. This article attempts, based on the analysis of various written sources, to reconstruct the activities of representatives of the naval clergy in organizing libraries on the ships of the Russian Imperial Navy in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. This is one of the least studied areas of ministry of navy chaplains. The authors, relying on personal sources, office materials and periodicals, analyze the existing practice in the fleet of creating and completing ship libraries, their types and features of functioning, and also determine the role of navy chaplains in these processes. It is important to note that many sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The authors came to the conclusion that, despite the frequent lack of initiative on the part of the officers or even with a certain opposition, the navy chaplains were directly related to the organization of both church and sailor's libraries. Some clerics acted quite effectively in this field, but they could not significantly change the general situation that had developed with librarianship on the ships of the Russian Imperial Navy.
An attempt at making a cave monastery in Kalach, Voronezh guberniya, in the late 19th — early 20th centuries
Authors: Stepkin Vitalii , Smirnov Ivan
Published: May 2024

Kalach caves dug out in a chalk relic in the town of Kalach, Voronezh region, is an underinvestigated historical and cultural heritage site. The archive materials found in the funds of RSHA, together with evidence of local people, provide insight into the final period of the cult dungeon functioning in the late XIX – early XX centuries. At that time the rural community of Kalach made an attempt to establish there an official orthodox cave monastery. On the 11th of August, 1885, residents of Kalach authorized peasants Ivan Serjakov, Matvey Bezugly and Gavriil Lebedinsky to solicit different authorities for a monastery foundation. The community also allocated 1300 roubles and 36 dessiatines of land area for the monastery arrangement. The rural community request was examined in Voronezh Ecclesiastical Consistory, Voronezh Provincial Government, Voronezh Provincial Peasant Council and in the Second (Peasant) Senate Department. The attempt was not successful, it encountered resistance of authorities. Meanwhile the cave diggers managed to accommodate the caves and arrange regular divine service by the local secular clergy. Functioning of the caves as a sacred locus for the rural community was interrupted by revolution events of early XX century. At present Kalach caves are put on Russian cultural heritage register.
Manipuliacinė apskaita, jos taikymo motyvai ir tendencijos apskaitos teorijų raidos kontekste
Authors: Cibutavičiūtė Viltė , Bachtijeva Diana
Published: May 2024

The paper examines the concept of earnings management, including its characteristics and motives for use as presented in scientific literature. A matrix of firm and managerial motive clusters is presented in the light of the opportunistic behaviour hypotheses of positive accounting theory. The paper analyses the various types of earnings management practices and discusses profit-reducing and profit-enhancing accounting methods. It also explores the trends in the use of different types of earnings management and the reasons behind them, which can be divided into three phases. The normative period of accounting theories was characterised by the widespread use of accrual-based earnings management. During the positive period of accounting theory development, there was an increase in the practice of real earnings management. The evolution of accounting theories, improvements in auditing practices, and changes in accounting policies led to shift away from accrual-based to real earnings management.
From Stone to Seed: Objects and Counter-memory Activism in Brazil amidst Anticolonial Demonumentalizations
Authors: Gomes Lilian
Published: May 2024

This article reflects upon objects and actions of counter-memory activism in Brazil in the wake of anticolonial demonumentalizations. Initially, it focuses on statues symbolizing colonial and traumatic pasts, notably the Borba Gato statue in São Paulo, dedicated to a colonial explorer. The monument was set ablaze in July 2021, sparking widespread debate. The discussion deepens with the commemoration of Marielle Franco, a councilwoman and human rights advocate who was murdered in 2018. The interplay between memory initiatives and political activism is examined, with tributes analyzed as collective authorship by black and feminist movements. Ethnographic data from Rio de Janeiro and digital environments inform this analysis. Events related to monuments and other objects are viewed as political rituals in the struggle against forgetting. Statues, street signs, graffiti, posters, and other forms of counter-memory supports are identified as focal points for understanding the relationship between objects, artistic-political practices, and public life.
The conundrum of corona virus (covid-19) and possible lawsuits against china for an internationally wrongly act
Authors: Jacques Kandala Lupwana Jean
Published: May 2024

The Corona Virus also known as COVID 19 pandemic is threatening the world and having devastating impacts on the economy, social , education and environment spheres of human lives. At the time of this undertaking, thousands of lives have already been lost, including frontlines medical care personnel, doctors, scientists and artists. Livelihoods have been negatively impacted because of many restrictions, including lockdown, social distancing, and wearing of facial masks imposed by governments worldwide. Loss of Jobs and closing of schools, universities, and churches as well as other community events, such wedding and games have jeopardised the enjoyment of fundamental human rights. Particularly, the right to life, right to health, the right to association and assembly, right to adequate food, right to education, freedom of movement and right to family life, where husbands are forcibly quarantined separately with their wives. Such impacts are said to continue until the end of the year and no signs on how the social fabric which is destroyed by the impacts of the pandemic will be rebuild. While predictable economic challenges are expected, including great decline and financial deficit worldwide, any legal scholars will be more concerned on investigating on faults as a result of an action or omission for which many lives are affected. Thus, while countries worldwide are more preoccupied in responding to the pandemic and are required to ensure respect and compliance with people human rights, failure of which may result in countries engaging their responsibilities for violations of people rights and be subjected to make reparations, this paper anticipates the need to depict the internationally wrongful act of China as the epicentre of the pandemic and in the affirmative the paper anticipates the legal consequences arising from such an wrongful act. It is one thing to establish an internationally wrongful act and another to hypothesis on such possibility. The later exercise is the focus of the paper while the former can only be done by a court of law.
Improving Sexual History Documentation in Teenagers
Authors: Kaufman Anne , Rungvivatjarus Tiranun , Pierce Heather , Chong Amy , Kuelbs Cynthia L.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Teen access to sexual health care is essential. The 21st Century Cures Act mandates that most electronic health information be shared with patients; no standard exists for how to meet this mandate for teens and their proxy caregivers. Our confidential shared teen sexual history (SexHx) section, which is not note-based, allows clinicians to easily find information, promotes clinical decision support, and protects privacy. Nevertheless, significant variability existed in SexHx section usage, SexHx documentation, and teen note-sharing practices. For teens (aged 12–17) admitted to the Pediatric Hospital Medicine service, we aim to increase the use of the SexHx section by 10% and increase History and Physical notes (H&Ps) shared with teens by 5% over 12 months.

METHODS

Quality improvement methodology and tools were used to conduct a barrier analysis and implement a series of interventions, which included education, training, and electronic health record clinical decision support. Statistical process control charts were used to examine the impact of the interventions.

RESULTS

At baseline, from April to July 2021, sexual activity was documented or reviewed in the SexHx section for 56% of teen patients. Over the intervention period, the center line shifted to 72%. At baseline, 76% of teen H&Ps were shared with patients. The percentage of H&Ps shared revealed a center-line shift to 81% throughout the intervention period.

CONCLUSIONS

The shared teen SexHx section is an innovative tool for capturing sensitive patient history discretely. We demonstrated increased and sustained SexHx section use and H&P note-sharing in this quality improvement initiative.
PREDATION OF Dryophylax chaquensis (SERPENTES: DIPSADIDAE) UPON Elachistocleis matogrosso AND Boana raniceps (ANURA)
Authors: Cavalheri Diego Gomiero , Nehemy Ibrahim Kamel Rodrigues , Cavalcante Kélvin , Carrillo Juan Fernando Cuestas , Santana Diego José
Published: May 2024

Anurans play a central role in food webs, being prey for different vertebrates, like snakes, mammals, fishes, and birds. The snakes from the tribe Tachymenini are known for their preference for preying on anurans, even different animals eventually being part of their diet. Data about Dryophylax chaquensis diet is resumed mainly by field observations and only anurans are known as its prey. Herein we report a field observation from Brazilian Pantanal of Dryophylax chaquensis regurgitating two anurans, Elachistocleis matogrosso and Boana raniceps. This is the first report of a Boana raniceps as prey of D. chaquensis, and the second record for Elachistocleis matogrosso. These present records confirm the bathracophagy preference of D. chaquensis and highlight the opportunistic habit of preying on frogs that are more abundant now.
THE ROLE OF BACTERIAL AND ARCHAEA IN DETERMINING THE METABOLIC PATHWAY OF BIOGAS FERMENTATION AT LOW TEMPERATURES
Authors: Budianto Budianto , Zefki Okta Feri , Yasin Rinny Ermiyanti
Published: May 2024

The challenge in achieving large-scale biogas production still lies in the biogas fermentation process at low temperatures. Our goal was to delve into the metabolic pathway behind the formation of biogas at these lower temperatures, focusing on the dominant bacterial and archaeal communities. Employing a batch system with activated sludge inoculum at 10°C, we fermented cow manure at 12°C for 150 days. Through genetic sequencing and taxonomic analysis using OTUs from the 16S rDNA gene, we investigated bacterial and archaeal species. Correlation analysis between their abundance was conducted using Pearson correlation and t-tests via IBM SPSS Statistics. Our findings revealed a biogas production of around 0.74 L/day, with CH4 levels surpassing 0.45 L/g VS. Peak efficiency occurred between day 60 and 110, reaching its apex on day 90. Clostridium cellulovorans dominated, ranging from 13.9% to 27%, followed by Terrisporobacter petrolarius, around 16.2% to 23%. Specifically, the formation of biogas (CH4) predominantly occurred through the H2 pathway, led by significant hydrogenotrophic Archaea OTUs like Methanocorpusculum sinense (ranging from 4.95% to 37.10%) and Methanobrevibacter millerae (with relative abundances between 2.00% and 11.20%)
CARACTERIZACIÓN FLORÍSTICA DEL BOSQUE MONTANO Y SUBPÁRAMO DEL VOLCÁN IRAZÚ, COSTA RICA
Authors: Acosta-Vargas Luis Guillermo , Arias-Aguilar Dagoberto , Valverde Juan Carlos
Published: May 2024

El Volcán Irazú es uno de los picos más altos de Costa Rica; constituye uno de los pocos sitios con la asociación vegetal conocida como montano y subpáramo. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en caracterizar la estructura y composición de este ecosistema considerando dos pisos altitudinales (montano y subpáramo). Se establecieron tres parcelas de 1000 m2 por tipo de bosque, en las que se desarrolló una identificación botánica, y se midió el diámetro y la altura total de las plantas. En ambos bosques las distribuciones diamétricas se ajustaron al modelo de bosque disetáneos con un área basal de 31,68 m2 ha-1en el bosque montano y 4,67 m2 ha-1 en el subpáramo. Respecto a la estructura vertical, el bosque montano alcanzó una altura máxima de 21 m con tres estratos bien definidos; en cambio el subpáramo alcanzó los 8 m y no presentó estratos. Con respecto a los análisis de diversidad se determinó que ambos bosques cuentan con diferencias significativas; en donde el bosque montano presentó 20 especies, mientras que en el subpáramo se identificaron seis especies. Comarostaphylis arbutoides es la especie de mayor importancia para ambas comunidades. La conclusión más importante es que el área de estudio se puede considerar una isla altitudinal, que representa un sitio de alto valor para la conservación y la investigación de la comunidad vegetal del subpáramo. La estructura es muy simple en especies, su área muy reducida y es muy vulnerable ante eventos volcánicos, lo cual evidencia su valor de conservación y estudio.
Application of herbicides in green cover crops to reduce Meloidogyne javanica inoculum in soybean plants
Authors: Yumi Futigami Carolina , Calandrelli Angelica , Dias-Arieira Cláudia Regina
Published: May 2024

Nematodes are among the main plant parasites affecting Brazilian agriculture. Management practices involving the use of antagonistic or non-host plants are crucial for combating Meloidogyne javanica populations in the country. However, there is still limited information on the effects of herbicides on nematode populations. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of herbicides applied to crops on M. javanica populations in soybean and to examine the direct effect of herbicide products on the hatching of nematode juveniles. We conducted greenhouse and in vitro experiments. In the greenhouse experiment, soybean plants were grown in pots with sterile substrate, and a soybean seed was inoculated with 2000 nematodes per plant. The plants grew for 60 d, after which they were cut, and the following cover crops were planted: Crotalaria spectabilis, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), Stylosanthes, and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) for 60 d. These cover crops were desiccated with one of the following three herbicides: fomesafen, chlorimuron, or bentazone. Subsequently, soybeans were replanted and cultivated for additional 60 d. In vitro assays were used to determine the hatching percentage of M. javanica eggs exposed to herbicides. Both tests were repeated at different times of the year (Trials 1 and 2). Meloidogyne javanica reproduction was higher on soybean crops grown when buckwheat was a cover crop. Herbicide application reduced total nematode numbers in soybean grown in succession to buckwheat compared with the untreated control. The vegetative development of soybean crops was negatively influenced by herbicide treatment of cover crops, especially with the use of chlorimuron. Bentazone and fomesafen did not affect nematode hatching in vitro.
Influence of the application of humic substances on the growth of watermelon and melon seedlings
Authors: Andrade Hosana Aguiar Freitas de , Oliveira Neto Edson Dias de , Pinto Júnior Fernando Freitas , Moraes Lídia Ferreira , Machado Nítalo André Farias , Silva-Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano da
Published: May 2024

Growing watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and melon (Cucumis melo) is an important activity in the Brazilian Cerrado; however, many factors limit cultivation, including the difficulty of producing high-quality seedlings. In this study, the effect of humic substances (HS) on growth of ‘Crimson  Sweet’ watermelon and ‘Yellow’ melon seedlings was evaluated. An experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five HS treatments applied to the soil: 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 g L-1. The growth of watermelon and melon seedlings was influenced by the application of humic substances. Use of HS increased plant height, stem diameter, root length, root volume, shoot dry biomass, root dry biomass, and Dickson’s quality index. HS boost plant growth, whose improved root system may have provided greater absorption and accumulation of mineral nutrients. Based on the quality of the seedlings (Dickson index), the application of 14 g L-1 of HS is recommended for watermelon seedling production and 15 g L-1 of HS for melon seedling production.
Physiological effects of Acmella ciliata essential oil on root development of Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Méndez-Grateron Lizeth Daniela , Ortiz-Rojas Luz Yineth , Chaves-Bedoya Giovanni
Published: May 2024

In this study, the essential oil of Acmella ciliata, characterized by the presence of significant amounts of spilanthol, α-phellandrene epoxide, and carvotanacetone, was assessed for its influence on the growth of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi, with the focus primarily on root hair density and primary root length. Following its extraction through microwave-assisted hydrodistillation, the oil was stored at 4°C in amber vials, distinguishable by its unique yellowish-reddish hue, with a refractive index of 1.3478 and a density of 0.847 g cm-3. Among the various dilutions evaluated, the undiluted oil (T3) and the dilution 1.5:0.5 (Oil:EtOH) (T6) demonstrated the most prominent effects. The T3 and T6 treatments markedly enhanced root hair numbers, with T6 additionally promoving root length compared to other treatments. Considering the presence of bioactive alkamides such as spilanthol in the oil, these compounds may have contributed to the observed root growth modulation. When compared against the positive control, affinin, Acmella ciliata essential oil displayed a more pronounced effect on root hair proliferation, while affinin predominantly boosted primary root elongation. The findings highlight the differential effects of the essential oil on specific plant growth parameters.
El riesgo en la revolución y en la subversión
Authors: Valentín Abínzano Rodrigo , Blank Sofía , Amor Mauro
Published: May 2024

En este trabajo se abordan las distintas aristas que tienen los términos revolución y subversión para el psicoanálisis. La confusión que se suele hacer entre ellos conduce a menudo a impasses en la formalización clínica. Teniendo los dos términos una fructífera polisemia, su diferenciación nos parece necesaria para dar cuenta de sus usos en psicoanálisis. Para ello, utilizamos la teoría del lazo social de Jacques Lacan que se escribe a través de cuatro discursos (Maestro, Histérico, Universitario y Analista). Abordamos los debates de Lacan con los estudiantes de Vincennes, así como las características del llamado discurso capitalista. Es a partir de ahí que podremos identificar las particularidades que adquiere la noción de riesgo en cada proceso.
Entre centramiento y descentramiento. El deseo como des(eo)centrado
Authors: Gómez Palacio Germán David
Published: May 2024

La epistemología que delimita el conocimiento justificado como verdad hace parte de los discursos que fortalecen la idea de lo humano como centro. En esta perspectiva todo gira en torno a lo instituido, normalizado, así como universalizado. No obstante, ese desenlace que bien expone Descartes como producto de la experiencia del yo, de la naturaleza y de la historia encuentra otro sentido a partir del sujeto lacaniano, el cual dimensionamos como un sujeto que se determina a partir de un des(eo)centrado, esto es, por el deseo que no apunta a la homogenización o alienación, sino a la experiencia de un vacío establecido en la relación con la falta.
Factibilidad financiera de la producción de palmito de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes K.) con fertilizante orgánico en Costa Rica
Authors: Chaimsohn Francisco Paulo , Villalobos Enrique , Mora-Urpí Jorge
Published: May 2024

Se analizó la factibilidad financiera de producir palmito de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes K.), usando fertilizante orgánico y densidades de siembra de 3333, 5000 y 6666 plantas.ha-1. Los indicadores para calificar la rentabilidad de la fertilización orgánica fueron: el valor presente neto; la tasa interna de retorno; y la relación costo-beneficio, en diferentes escenarios de costos del fertilizante orgánico y precios del producto. Los resultados indican que la producción de palmito con fertilizante orgánico sólo sería factible económicamente si se produce el fertilizante en la finca y el precio unitario de venta del palmito fresco es equivalente a US$ 0,40; o si el precio unitario de venta es US$ 0,30 y la cantidad de la enmienda se reduce a la mitad, a partir del segundo año. Sin la reducción en la cantidad de enmienda la actividad sería rentable solo si la densidad de siembra es de 5000 o 6666 plantas.ha-1 y el precio de venta = US$ 0,30. Cuando la densidad de siembra es de 3333 plantas.ha-1 el precio de venta debe ser =US$ 0,40, para que la actividad sea rentable.
Caracterización física de la cuenca media del río Reventado, Cartago, Costa Rica
Authors: Ramírez Laura , Alvarado Alfredo , Pujol Rosendo , Brenes Luis Guillermo
Published: May 2024

Se determinó la capacidad de uso de las tierras de la cuenca media del río Reventado, Cartago, Costa Rica y se hizo una propuesta de uso adecuado, empleando la metodología del MAG, Costa Rica. Los suelos de las fincas estaban cultivados de hortalizas (66,5%), potreros (22,9%) y en menor escala por bosque, barbecho y flores. La capacidad de uso era 10,5% Clase II, 38,1% Clase III, 21,9% Clase IV, 1,8% Clase V, 8,9% Clase VI, 17,8% Clase VII y 1% Clase VIII. Un 60% de las fincas se encontraba en Clase III y Clase IV, cuyas limitantes son la pendiente, la erosión, la profundidad efectiva y la fertilidad de los suelos. El 25% de las fincas presentó un uso conforme de la tierra, 39% estaba ligeramente sobreutilizada y 36% del área severamente sobreutilizada. Se propone corregir el conflicto de uso con prácticas intensivas de manejo y conservación de suelos, y en áreas de mayor pendiente con un cambio de uso por frutales de altura; en las parcelas Clase VII con cobertura de pastos se recomienda la siembra de árboles forestales. Del área, se determinó un uso potencial para hortalizas de 57%, 20% para potreros, 13% para cultivos perennes o frutales y 10% para reforestación. La erosión hídrica, en las actividades agrícolas, en la cuenca media, no limita la productividad de la zona, el 90% de las parcelas presentaron erosión de leve a moderada y pendientes menores de 30%. Otros factores que influyeron en los procesos de degradación de los recursos suelo y agua, son la minería abierta, los deslizamientos naturales y la carencia de obras de control de torrentes y sedimentos en las vías terrestres.
Eficacia del hongo entomopatógeno Metharrizium anisopliae en el control de Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Arguedas Miguel , Álvarez C. Víctor , Bonilla M. Roberto
Published: May 2024

Con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia del hongo entomopatógeno Metharrizium anisopliae en el control de Boophilus microplus, se realizó el presente ensayo, que comprendió tanto una fase in vivo como una in vitro. El trabajo se realizó entre marzo de 2003 y junio de 2004, en 2 fincas ubicadas en Sarapiquí, Heredia y en los laboratorios de Garrapatas del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería y de Parasitología de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional. La fase in vitro consistió en la aplicación de 10-8, 10-9 y 10-10 conidios.ml-1 del hongo M. anisopliae a diferentes estadios de la garrapata B. microplus (huevo, larva y hembra repleta). La fase in vivo consistió en la aplicación de 10-10 conidios.ml-1 del hongo a los animales de la finca seleccionada. En la finca testigo el productor continuó aplicando el tratamiento químico a base de Amitraz. Los resultados mostraron un efecto sobre los diferentes estadios de la garrapata con diferencias altamente significativas entre 10-8 y las 2 restantes. Asimismo, los porcentajes de inhibición de la oviposición y de control, resultaron directamente proporcionales a la concentración. El efecto letal sobre las teleóginas con la concentración de 10-9 fue a partir del día 5, aunque la concentración 10-10 presentó una mortalidad > 7% desde el día 3. La comparación de las fincas en los meses en que no se aplicó el hongo y cuando fue aplicado, presentó una disminución de 79% en el número de garrapatas en la finca tratada contra 59% en la no tratada.
Uso de abonos foliares comerciales en la elaboración de medios de cultivo in vitro
Authors: Azofeifa Álvaro , Guevara Erick , Jiménez Víctor M.
Published: May 2024

Se evaluó el uso de abonos foliares comerciales para el cultivo in vitro de microestacas de papa cv. Atzimba, como alternativa de bajo costo a las sales minerales de Murashige y Skoog (MS). Microestacas de plantas de papa cultivadas en medio MS se transfirieron a 5 combinaciones de abonos, 2 equiparadas molarmente en su composición al MS (AMSF, AMSF+Intra) y las otras 3 (MF+Intra, MF+Micro+Intra, MF+Foli+Agro+Intra), ajustadas a los contendidos de N, P, K y Mg del MS. El medio MS se incluyó como testigo. En todos los casos se realizó transferencias mensuales. Durante 5 meses se evaluó, semanalmente, la altura de la planta, el número de yemas y raíces, clorosis, y, al final del 5to subcultivo, el peso fresco. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con los medios MS, AMSF y AMSF+Intra. En los demás se observó una disminución gradual del crecimiento de las plantas, y un incremento en la clorosis. De las formulaciones con buenos resultados, AMSF fue la más barata (US$0,012 l-1), seguida por AMSF+Intra (US$ 0,025 l-1), y el MS (US$ 3,411 l-1). Los resultados obtenidos permiten considerar la factibilidad de emplear abonos foliares de bajo costo, como reemplazo de las sales minerales de alta pureza en la elaboración del medio de cultivo MS, para la propagación in vitro de plantas de papa cv. Atzimba, al menos por períodos de tiempo limitados.
Caracterización de los frutos de cuatro cultivares de papaya del grupo solo, introducidos en Cuba
Authors: Maruchi Alonso , Tornet Yoel , Aranguren Maikel , Ramos Roberto , Rodríguez Katia , Pastor María Cristina R.
Published: May 2024

En el presente trabajo se realizó la caracterización de los frutos de 4 cultivares de papaya del grupo Solo introducidos en Cuba. Los cultivares presentaron gran variabilidad genética para las características del fruto relacionadas con el diámetro, el grosor de la pulpa, el contenido de sólidos solubles totales y la acidez; los cuales podrán ser explotados en programas de mejoramiento genético. De manera general, los cultivares del grupo Solo presentaron características que les permiten ser de gran utilidad en el mercado de consumo en fresco siguiendo las tendencias actuales.
Efecto de la fertilización con fósforo sobre el rendimiento y la absorción de nutrimientos de la papa en andisol de Juan Viñas, Costa Rica
Authors: Alvarado Alfredo , Iturriaga Isabel , Smyth Jot T. , Ureña Juan M. , Portuguez Edward
Published: May 2024

Se estudió la respuesta del cultivo de la papa a la fertilización fosfórica en un suelo Hydric Hapludands de la Hacienda Juan Viñas. Se aplicaron 0, 150, 300, 450 y 600 kg.ha-1 de P2O5 por 1 y 2 años consecutivos. Se tomaron muestras foliares al momento de floración (48 dds), de biomasa aérea antes de la quema de follaje (93 dds) y de tubérculos al momento de la cosecha (116 dds). A las muestras de tejidos se les midió el peso fresco y seco y se les realizó el análisis químico para N, P, Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, S y B. Al aplicar P únicamente el primer año del experimento, el rendimiento del cultivo fue inferior y no se apreció ningún efecto residual con ninguna de las dosis. Con la aplicación consecutiva de P durante 2 años, el cultivo respondió de forma creciente al aumento en la dosis de fertilizante alcanzándose el máximo rendimiento de tubérculos (16,39 t.ha-1) con 600 kg.ha-1 de P2O5. La variación de nutrimentos en los tejidos no se vio afectada por la adición de P. Los nutrimentos móviles (NPK) se redistribuyeron en mayor porcentaje a los tubérculos en un 27-65%, seguidos por los de movilidad variable Cu, Mg y Zn, en un 14-38% y por último el Ca, Mn y Fe que apenas se extrajeron/redistribuyeron en un 2-6%. Para obtener un efecto residual importante de P en el suelo, fue necesario aplicar 450 kg.ha-1 de P2O5 por 2 años consecutivos. Se sugiere que para obtener un adecuado rendimiento de tubérculos en este Andisol es necesaria la aplicación de P en cada ciclo.
Variación genética de procedencias y familias de Vochysia guatemalensis a los 18 años de edad en Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica
Authors: Mesén Francisco , Vásquez William
Published: May 2024

Se evaluó un ensayo de 7 procedencias y 49 familias de polinización abierta de Vochysia guatemalensis, de 18 años de edad, en Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica. Los materiales fueron originados de árboles plus seleccionados en rodales naturales de Guatemala, Honduras y Costa Rica. El análisis incluyó información sobre altura total, diámetro a la altura del pecho (dap) y forma del fuste. Se encontró diferencias significativas entre procedencias y familias únicamente para dap. En promedio, los incrementos medios anuales (IMA) en altura y dap fueron de 1,64 m y 2,29 cm, respectivamente; mientras que los mejores 25 árboles presentaron IMA de 1,79 m en altura y 2,66 cm en dap. Estos valores de crecimiento, así como la buena forma del fuste mostrados por los árboles del ensayo confirman el potencial de esta especie para reforestación en zonas de vida de bosque húmedo tropical. En promedio, todas las procedencias costarricenses mostraron mejor crecimiento que las del norte de Centro América. En el análisis a nivel de familia se encontró heredabilidades para dap, altura y forma de 0,43, 0,22 y 0,12, y coeficientes de variación genética aditiva de 9,95, 4,32 y 10,67 para estas 3 variables, respectivamente. Asumiendo la selección y propagación de los mejores 25 árboles del ensayo, se esperaría ganancias genéticas de 2,7-2,9 cm en dap, 0,61-0,65 m en altura y una reducción de 0,1-0,2 unidades en cuanto a la forma del fuste. Las ganancias podrían ser mucho mayores mediante la clonación de los árboles seleccionados y utilización de propágulos juveniles directamente en reforestación. Se ofrecen recomendaciones prácticas para la utilización de los árboles seleccionados en programas de mejoramiento genético.
Aplicações da micropropagação na clonagem de Eucalyptus no brasil
Authors: Xavier Aloisio , Campos Otoni Wagner
Published: May 2024

Presently, in Brazil, among several other in vitro propagation techniques, micropropagation has increased in scientific and economic interest for forestry . Actually, is the most used technique, due its proven practical applications. The first studies were carried out in the 50's; tissue culture laboratories were established during 1970-1980. This article is a review and a synthesis of information on micropropagation applications in Eucalyptus clonal silviculture in Brazil.
Production of Mandarin and Fuzhou lexical tones in six- to seven-year-old Mandarin-Fuzhou bilingual children
Authors: You Shuxiang , Du Yanrong , Chen Qingyi
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the production of Mandarin and Fuzhou lexical tones by Mandarin-Fuzhou bilingual children. Forty children aged 6;11 to 7;6 and two groups of adults (Mandarin speakers and Fuzhou speakers) were asked to produce pre-selected familiar monosyllabic words. Adult judges' perceptual judgments and acoustic analysis showed that: (1) overall, these children's production performance of Mandarin tones was similar to adults', with very high accuracy; (2) children did not reach adult-like production competence in Fuzhou tones by age 7;6; and (3) there was an imbalance in children's development of the seven lexical tones in Fuzhou. Children's late and unbalanced development of Fuzhou tones could be ascribed to their unbalanced Mandarin-Fuzhou exposure, and it is argued that children might transfer the characteristics of the Mandarin tonal system to their production of Fuzhou tones.
CT-based assessment of the stress state of dog spines
Authors:   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Gerasimov Oleg , Sharafutdinova Karina ,   Center for Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery “Neurovet”, Karaman Viktor ,   Kazan State Medical University, Saleeva Gulshat , Sachenkov Oskar
Published: May 2024

An urgent task of biomechanics is the study of the influence of external loads on the human musculoskeletal system, one of the main elements of which is the vertebral column. In this case, research involves considering the spine as a complex system consisting of vertebrae and the intervertebral discs that articulate them. At the moment, there are many works devoted to determining the causes of various abnormalities in the tissue fibers between the vertebrae, which leads to the development of discopathy. Dogs are the most susceptible to such changes due to their genetic predisposition. Thus, in this work, studies were carried out on the cervical spine of three animals: yorkshire terrier, russian toy terrier and half–breed. During the work, numerical modeling of samples was performed using computed tomography data. Computational experiments were carried out using the finite element method and made it possible to determine the stress state taking into account the distribution of the mechanical properties of the material. The tests corresponded to longitudinal compression of the samples. Based on the results obtained, the compressive stress field was determined, the reliability of the values was assessed according to the energy error, and the von Mises stress intensity and the rigidity of the resulting structure were calculated. Analysis of the results showed that the highest stress values are achieved between the vertebrae of the border sections of the cervical spine. On average, a sample of the Yorkshire Terrier breed is predisposed to experience greater stress compared to the results of other dogs in the experimental group. The highest rigidity corresponded to half–breed: twice as much as the average value for dwarf breeds. The distribution of the energy error showed that the areas with the highest values correspond to finite elements at the boundary between different phases of the medium. Thus, the results obtained in the framework of the study make it possible to establish the nature of the distribution of the stress state in the intervertebral discs, as well as to identify the strength indicators of the vertebral columns, taking into account the mechanical properties of various biological tissues.