bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnesiocanutite, NaMnMg2[AsO4]2[AsO2(OH)2], a new protonated alluaudite-group mineral from the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Nash Barbara P. , Maurizio Dini , Molina Donoso Arturo A.
Published: January 2018

The new mineral magnesiocanutite (IMA2016-057), NaMnMg2[AsO4]2[AsO2(OH)2], was found at the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile, where it occurs as a secondary phase in association with anhydrite, canutite, halite, lavendulan and magnesiokoritnigite. Magnesiocanutite occurs as pale brownish-pink to rose-pink, lozenge-shaped tablets that are often grouped in tightly intergrown aggregates. The crystal forms are {110} and {102}. Crystals are transparent, with vitreous lustre and white to very pale pink streak. The Mohs hardness is 2½, tenacity is brittle, and the fracture is splintery. Crystals exhibit two perfect cleavages: {010} and {101}. The calculated density is 3.957 g/cm3. Optically, magnesiocanutite is biaxial (+), with α = 1.689(2), β = 1.700(2), γ = 1.730(2) (measured in white light); 2Vmeas. = 64.3(4)°; slight dispersion, r <v; orientation Z = b; X ∧ a = 15° in obtuse angle β. The mineral is slowly soluble in dilute HCl at room temperature. Electron-microprobe analyses, provided Na2O 5.44, CaO 0.26, MgO 8.84, MnO 18.45, CoO 1.47, CuO 2.13, As2O5 59.51, H2O(calc) 2.86, total 98.96 wt.%. Magnesiocanutite is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 12.2514(8), b = 12.4980(9), c = 6.8345(5) Å, β = 113.167(8)°, V = 962.10(13) Å3 and Z = 4. The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I )(hkl)]: 6.25(42)(020), 3.566(43)(310,1̄31), 3.262(96)(1̄12), 3.120(59)(002,131,040,221), 2.787(93)(400,022,041,330), 2.718(100) (4̄21,240,112,402), 2.641(42)(1̄32) and 1.5026(43)(multiple). Magnesiocanutite has a protonated alluaudite-type structure (R1 = 2.59% for 789 Fo > 4σF reflections) and is the Mg analogue of canutite. Using the results of both the microprobe analyses and structure refinement, the structurally based empirical formula is Na(Mn0.78Mg0.22)Σ1.00(Mg1.04Mn0.70Cu0.15Co0.11)Σ2.00[AsO4]2[AsO2(OH)2].
The Oxford Scheme
Authors: Bronks Ian G. , Parry-Jones W.
Published: January 2018

The Oxford scheme was established in 1971, since when it has developed considerably. The scheme comprises 25 trainees, and placements are arranged on 12 clinical firms or units, of which ten are in Oxford and two outside the city. Rotation takes place at six or twelve-month intervals.
The Special Hospitals: A Problem of Clinical Credibility
Authors: Chiswick Derek
Published: January 2018

The Special Hospitals arouse public interest only on occasions of disaster or scandal and there are widespread misconceptions concerning their role. The purpose of this paper is to examine the clinical functions of the Special Hospitals and to critically discuss their medical remit.
Southern Division Trainees' Day
Authors: Hall Alyson , Hollyman Julie , Thompson Chris
Published: January 2018

The third Trainees' Day of the Southern Division took place on 31 March 1982 and was held for the first time in the S.E. Region, at King's College Hospital. We chose topics which are often neglected in peripheral hospitals, but were disappointed to find that trainees from these hospitals were under-represented.
Some Prize-Winning Films on Mental Health Notes from the Audio-Visual Sub-Committee
Authors: Pilkington T. L.
Published: January 2018

For the past 25 years the British Medical Association has held an annual film competition. In 1981, 98 films were entered and the following were among the successful ones.
Medical Education on Alcohol Dependence: The Relative Impact of Cognitive, Attitudinal and Clinical Approaches
Authors: Grant Marcus
Published: January 2018

Increasing attention continues to be paid to the discrepancy between the current performance of medical practitioners in dealing with alcohol dependence and the enormous potential which exists for early diagnosis and cost-effective treatment. This discrepancy has been noted in various government reports, in articles in the medical press and in the seminal report of the Royal College of Psychiatrists,Alcohol and Alcoholism.One way of narrowing the gap between performance and potential would be through improvements in medical education. The purpose of this short paper is to review existing evaluated studies of medical education on alcohol dependence in order to discover whether any specific lessons emerge which might be useful in planning curriculum changes either at undergraduate or postgraduate level.
Mental Health Guardianship—a Change for the Better?
Authors: Hughes Gareth W.
Published: January 2018

The 1959 Mental Health Act has provided the legal framework for psychiatric practice in the UK for the past two decades. The Mental Health (Amendment) Bill (DHSS, 1981) currently before Parliament proposes to update the Act by improving the safeguards for detained patients, clarifying the position of staff looking after them, and by the removal of uncertainties in the law. The Bill incorporates changes relating to the compulsory care of Mentally Disordered patients in the community whereby a person may be accepted into Guardianship on the grounds that he or she is suffering from a Mental Disorder. Once accepted into Guardianship, the person or body named as Guardian has the power to exercise control over the person as if he or they were the father of the patient, and the patient was under 14 years of age.
The Italian Experiment
Authors: Benaim Silvio
Published: January 2018

In the beginning of the 19th century Italy was in the forefront of psychiatric reform. The question as to whether it was Chiarugi (1759–1820) or Pinel (1745–1826) who was the first to unchain patients in mental hospitals has remained unanswered. With the death of Chiarugi, however, the age of enlightenment, which he had heralded, faded and conditions in Italian hospitals reverted to their former state.
Psychiatric Training in America: Two Initial Impressions
Authors: Lawrence Janet , Bick Peter A.
Published: January 2018

The last year has been a fascinating one for me as a British medical graduate in many ways, constituting, as it did, my introduction to both American culture and a career in psychiatry. I have just completed my first year of a three-year psychiatric training programme (residency) at Harvard Medical School, roughly equivalent to a combined SHO and registrar training in Britain.
Zimbabwe's New Diploma in Psychiatric Health
Authors: Murdoch W.
Published: January 2018

Psychiatry in a land of 7 1/2 million (National Census, August 1982) people with relatively advanced general medical services, but only eight psychiatrists, has great problems. The facilities have been described elsewhere (Murdoch, 1982). Historically poorly related to population needs, and with immense difficulties in serving the rural communities that still comprise over half the population (National Census), Zimbabwe has concentrated its post-independence effort on the development of primary health care in village, district and small town. With a medical school expanding (current intake 80 students per annum) and good central facilities for training and specialist care, primary care in public health and general medical services are developing on a sound basis. In psychiatry, a mere 1200 beds for the country (only 141 in the capital, Harare, which, with dormitory towns, has an ‘official’ population of 1.1 million and serves a further four million in remote rural areas) the training and specialist facilities are sketchy indeed.
Bed Requirements for Acute Psychiatric Units—The Concept of a Norm
Authors: Hirsch Steven
Published: January 2018

The Department of Health's 1971 Circular (HM (71) 97) and the White Paper, Better Services for the Mentally Ill (1975), had recommended the guideline of 0.5 acute beds per 1,000 population as an average for District General Hospital units. Patients with stays of more than one year, the elderly severely mentally infirm (ESMI), children, adolescents, and certain specialized units were not included. Unfortunately, planners have tended to stick to this figure, despite the fact that the recommendation was only meant as a general guideline based on known bed usage up to 1974, and some more recent downward trends in newer smaller community-based units. The suggestion that bed requirements should be modified according to local circumstances had largely been ignored, and this is not surprising as there is little information which can help planners determine the factors or their weighting which any local authority should take into account to adapt the norm for ‘local circumstances'. This led to the setting up of a working party of the College's Social and Community Psychiatry Section to make recommendations on bed norms for acute psychiatric units.
Talking to the Police
Authors: Hardwick Linda
Published: January 2018

The police are now the only laymen in Britain who can pass judgement on a person's mental state and compulsorily admit them to places of safety.1 Various papers have looked at how the police use this power, and one paper in particular2 has shown that police are as efficient at recognizing persons in need of psychiatric care among those called to their attention as are medical practitioners who are not approved psychiatrists.
Research and the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Authors: Sims A. C. P.
Published: January 2018

Right from the beginning, and that is not a very long time, the Royal College of Psychiatrists has been concerned with research. In the Charter, the Research Committee is set up as a Standing Committee of Council, of the College. Our membership is entitled to know what the Research Committee has been doing for the last four years. What are the concerns of the College for research?
Mental Health Act: Alleged unlawful detention
Authors: O'Donovan Carmel
Published: January 2018

On several occasions in 1979 a GP member was consulted by the father and brother of a young man because they were concerned about his violent and aggressive behaviour. The GP arranged for a consultant psychiatrist to visit the patient at home on three occasions, although once he was not in and on the other two refused to see the psychiatrist and threatened him with violence.
A Hostel Ward for New Long-Stay Psychiatric Patients: The careers of the first 10 years' residents
Authors: Garety P. A. , Afele H. K. , Isaacs A. D.
Published: January 2018

On 21 September 1977, the first British ‘hostel ward’ was opened. In this paper we review the thinking behind such a concept and evaluate its successes and failures. This is not simply of value as an introspective exercise since it is also crucial that service planners and providers who are moving towards the closure of mental hospitals should consider the value for their district of such a service.
Child Psychiatry: White Elephant, Scotch Mist, or Medicine?
Authors: Taylor David C.
Published: January 2018

My jokey title, like most jokes, incorporates a serious truth. The truth is that, despite the apparent clinical expansion and academic wellbeing of our subject, the experience of being in a senior position within it is that it is under threat as a medical enterprise. The sense of threat is felt mostly from the stagnation of the retrenchment in the physical and human resources needed to mount a real service, although I grant that consultant numbers have increased. Management will opt for the least costly alternative when they are presented with a broad range of advice of apparently equivalent worth which is available from various professionals within the subject. Indeed, given the degrees of diversity of views that exist, managers might at times wonder what it is that purports to be the subject. It is not difficult for child psychiatry to achieve a negative image within health management since a number of negative stereotypes naturally accrete around people with serious problems of living and coping, or developmental failure, mental impairment, or chronic sickness. Combined with small size, often a single representative in a District, and dealing with small people who suffer lack of political clout, the management case for neglect of child psychiatry when faced by harsh choices may be overwhelming. Further, child psychiatry arose from a triune of social work, psychology and psychiatry and their quite proper individual professionalisation has afforded the possibility of splitting, not only as among psychiatrists but between psychiatrists and other professionals. In the current political climate and faced with resource shortages those splits are likely to accentuate in ways which leave managers rather than practitioners in control.
Trainees Forum: A Regional Course on Interview Skills for Trainee Psychiatrists Preparing for the MRCPsych Part I Examination: Description and Evaluation
Authors: Drummond Lynne M. , Norton Kingsley R. W. , Preston John K. , Bhat Ashok V.
Published: January 2018

In October 1987, the new Part I of the MRCPsych examination was introduced. One aim of the College in changing the Preliminary Test, which had been introduced in 1971, was to create a more appropriate screening procedure so that those who are unsuited to psychiatry can receive career advice at an early stage in their career. To this end there has been a shift in emphasis away from the basic sciences towards clinical psychiatry. The major change in format of the examination is the removal of the essay paper and the introduction of a clinical examination. In order to qualify to enter for the new Part I examination, candidates have to submit sponsor forms signed by a consultant for whom they have worked and by their clinical tutor. The sponsors are asked to certify that the candidate has been able to attend an appropriate course of instruction and has received training in interview skills.
Senior Registrar Training in Old Age Psychiatry in the United Kingdom
Authors: Wattis J. P.
Published: January 2018

The Joint Committee on Higher Psychiatric Training (JCHPT) requires senior registrars (SRs) training for special responsibility posts in old age psychiatry to spend between one year and 18 months in higher training posts in which psychiatry of old age forms the major part of the work. Although only about a third of consultants in a recent survey had such training, there was strong evidence that more recently appointed consultants were likely to have recommended training. The availability of suitable training ‘slots’ seems likely to play a major role in how quickly specialised psychiatric services for old people can develop in response to the rising challenge posed by demographic changes. Jolley has already demonstrated how developments have been delayed by a shortage of properly trained candidates. Despite this the situation has now been reached where over two-thirds of the elderly population of the UK are served by specialised consultants albeit sometimes at inadequate manpower levels.
Consultant Norms in General Psychiatry
Authors: Kennedy Peter
Published: January 2018

The College's Manpower Committee, chaired by Dr Fiona Caldicott, has recently debated the case for setting new norms for general psychiatrists to meet increased clinical demand caused by changing expectations of community care, the new Mental Health Act and the rising numbers of elderly mentally ill and patients with alcohol and drug problems. One view was that such an exercise would be a waste of time, owing to uncertainties about the implementation of 'Short’ and also because many districts have not yet reached the norm of one (whole-time equivalent) consultant to 40,000 population agreed with the Department of Health in 1975. It was agreed that the Manpower Committee should first of all try to help consultants in undermanned districts to overcome obstacles frustrating local initiatives to increase the establishment of general psychiatrists. Letters should be addressed to Dr Caldicott at the College address.
Career Survey of Overseas Psychiatrists Successful in the MRCPsych Examination
Authors: Bhate Surya , Sagovsky Ruth , Cox John L.
Published: January 2018

The National Health Service at the present time depends on overseas doctors to maintain a reasonable standard of patient care; the presence of large numbers of such doctors in British hospitals, however, is not a recent phenomenon.
Statistical Significance Versus Clinical Importance of Observed Effect Sizes: What Do P Values and Confidence Intervals Really Represent?
Authors: Schober Patrick , Bossers Sebastiaan M. , Schwarte Lothar A.
Published: January 2018

Effect size measures are used to quantify treatment effects or associations between variables. Such measures, of which >70 have been described in the literature, include unstandardized and standardized differences in means, risk differences, risk ratios, odds ratios, or correlations. While null hypothesis significance testing is the predominant approach to statistical inference on effect sizes, results of such tests are often misinterpreted, provide no information on the magnitude of the estimate, and tell us nothing about the clinically importance of an effect. Hence, researchers should not merely focus on statistical significance but should also report the observed effect size. However, all samples are to some degree affected by randomness, such that there is a certain uncertainty on how well the observed effect size represents the actual magnitude and direction of the effect in the population. Therefore, point estimates of effect sizes should be accompanied by the entire range of plausible values to quantify this uncertainty. This facilitates assessment of how large or small the observed effect could actually be in the population of interest, and hence how clinically important it could be. This tutorial reviews different effect size measures and describes how confidence intervals can be used to address not only the statistical significance but also the clinical significance of the observed effect or association. Moreover, we discuss what P values actually represent, and how they provide supplemental information about the significant versus nonsignificant dichotomy. This tutorial intentionally focuses on an intuitive explanation of concepts and interpretation of results, rather than on the underlying mathematical theory or concepts.
Biomechanical Response to Osteoarthritis Pain Treatment May Impair Long-Term Efficacy
Authors: Boyer Katherine A.
Published: January 2018

Pain has an important physiologic role and acts with or stimulates motor system adaptations to protect tissue from threats of damage. Although clinically beneficial, removing the protective pain response may have negative consequence in osteoarthritis, a mechanically mediated disease. We hypothesize motor system adaptations to joint pain and its treatment may impact osteoarthritis progression, thereby limiting efficacy of pain therapies.
The Nuclear Receptor Nor-1 Is a Pleiotropic Regulator of Exercise-Induced Adaptations
Authors: Pearen Michael A. , Muscat George E.O.
Published: January 2018

Exercise induces various physical and metabolic changes in skeletal muscle that adaptively reprograms this tissue to current physiological and environmental demands. Underlying these changes are broad modifications to gene expression. We postulate that the nuclear hormone receptor, Nor-1, is activated after exercise, and this transcription factor modifies gene expression to drive the molecular and cellular adaptations associated with contractile reorganization.
Initial study of three different pathogenic microorganisms by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Karami Najmeh , Mirzajani Fateme , Rezadoost Hassan , Karimi Abdollah , Fallah Fatemeh , Ghassempour Alireza , Aliahmadi Atusa
Published: January 2018

Background: Diagnoses  of  respiratory  tract  infections  usually happen  in  the  late  phase  of  the  disease  and  usually  result  in  reduction  of  the  pathogen  load after broad-spectrum  antibiotic  therapy,  but  not  in eradication of the pathogen.  The  development  of a  non-invasive,  fast,  and  accurate  method  to  detect  pathogens  has  always  been  of  interest  to  researchers  and  clinicians  alike.  Previous studies have shown that bacteria produce organic gases.  The  current  study  aimed  to  identify  the  volatile  organic  compounds  (VOCs)  produced  by three  respiratory  tract  pathogens,  including  Staphylococcus  aureus,  Escherichia  coli  and  Candida  albicans.

Methods: The  VOCs  produced  were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with  prior  collection  of  microbial  volatile  compounds  using  solid  phase  microextraction  (SPME)  fiber.  The volatile compounds were collected by obtaining bacterial headspace samples.

Results: Results  showed  that  these  three  organisms  have  various  VOCs,  which  were  analyzed  under  different  conditions.  By ignoring common VOCs, some species-specific VOCs could be detected.  The most important VOC of E. coli was indole, also some important VOCs produced by S. aureus  were 2,3-pentandione,  cis-dihydro-α-terpinyl  acetate,  1-decyne,  1,3-heptadiene,  2,5-dimethyl  pyrazine,  ethyl  butanoate  and  cyclohexene,4-ethenyl. Furthermore,  most  of the identified  compounds  by  C.  albicans are  alcohols.

Conclusions: The  detection  of  VOCs  produced  by  infectious  agents  maybe  the  key  to  make   a  rapid  and  precise  diagnosis  of  infection,  but  more  comprehensive  studies  must  be  conducted  in this  regard.
Maize Phyllosphere Microbial Community Niche Development Across Stages of Host Leaf Growth
Authors: Manching Heather C. , Carlson Kara , Kosowsky Sean , Smitherman C. Tyler , Stapleton Ann E.
Published: January 2018

Background: The phyllosphere hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, which can play a positive role in the success of the host plant. Bacterial communities in the phylloplane are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, including host plant surface topography and chemistry, which change in concert with microbial communities as the plant leaves develop and age.

Methods: We examined how theZea maysL. leaf microbial community structure changed with plant age. Ribosomal spacer length and scanning electron microscopic imaging strategies were used to assess microbial community composition across maize plant ages, using a novel staggered experimental design.

Results: Significant changes in community composition were observed for both molecular and imaging analyses, and the two analysis methods provided complementary information about bacterial community structure within each leaf developmental stage.

Conclusions: Both taxonomic and cell-size trait patterns provided evidence for niche-based contributions to microbial community development on leaves.
Recent advances and emerging therapies in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Cabanillas Maria E. , Zafereo Mark , Williams Michelle D. , Ferrarotto Renata , Dadu Ramona , Gross Neil , Gunn G. Brandon , Skinner Heath , Cote Gilbert , Grosu Horiana B. , Iyer Priyanka , Busaidy Naifa L.
Published: January 2018

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare and aggressive thyroid cancer with an overall survival measured in months. Because of this poor prognosis and often advanced age at presentation, these patients have traditionally been treated palliatively and referred for hospice. However, recent progress using novel therapies has energized the field, and several promising clinical trials are now available for these patients. This review will highlight this progress and the potential treatments that could pave the way to improved outcomes and quality of life for patients with this disease.
Science Fiction In Latvian Literature
Authors: Simsone Bārbala
Published: January 2018

The present paper is devoted to the overview of the beginnings and development of the genre of science fiction in Latvian literature. Similarly to other popular fiction genres, science fiction in Latvian literature has not been very popular due to social and historical reasons; however, during the course of the 20th century several authors have at least partially approached the genre and created either fully fledged science fiction works or literary works with science fiction elements in them. The paper looks at the first attempts to create science fiction-related works during the beginning of the 20th century; it then provides an insight into three epochs when the genre received comparatively wider attention: 1) the 1930s produced mainly adventure novels with elements of science fiction mirroring the correspondent world tendencies of that time period; 2) the period between the 1960s and 80s saw authors who had the courage to leave the strict platform of Soviet Social Realism, experimenting with a variety of science fiction elements in the postmodern literary context which allowed for a wide metaphoric interpretation. This epoch also saw the emergence of a specific phenomenon – humorous / satiric science fiction which the authors employed in order to offer social criticism of the Soviet lifestyle; 3) the beginning of the 21st century saw the emergence of several science fiction works by a new generation of writers: these works presently comprise the majority of newly published science fiction. The paper outlines the main tendencies of the newest Latvian science fiction such as authors experimenting with a variety of themes, the preference for dystopian future scenarios and humour. The paper offers brief conclusions as to the possible future of Latvian science fiction in context of the current developments in the genre.
The “Black Sounds” of Ene Mihkelson’s Katkuhaud (‘Plague Grave’) and W. G. Sebald’s Austerlitz. Part II. Memory and Emotion
Authors: Jaanus Maire
Published: January 2018

Part I of this article appeared in Interlitteraria 2016, 21/2. Part II elaborates on how Mihkelson and Sebald represent their experiences of emotional memory and their feelings of fear, grief, emptiness, and loneliness – in the post-World War II and our historical era. In its comparisons of Mihkelson and Sebald, and both with Lorca, the essay stresses the emotional affinities between human beings that may exist alongside linguistic, historical, political, and other cultural differences.
Intersections of African-American Womanist Literary Approaches and Paradigms of Ethical Literary Criticism
Authors: Łobodziec Agnieszka
Published: January 2018

Although black American womanist literary perspectives and ethical literary criticism theory emerged from different socio-cultural contexts, a number of intersections between the two can be discerned. One of the objectives of this paper is to analyze the reasons for which some Chinese scholars and African-American women literary theoreticians are skeptical of mainstream Western literary criticism schools, which they view as insufficient for exploring works of literature derived from fusions of non-Western and Western cultural contexts. Secondly, the paper elucidates the particular value systems exhibited by fictional characters portrayed by the African-American women writers under survey. At this juncture, the means by which the writers challenge value systems based upon Western essentialist racial conceptualizations will be given primary attention. Also, the historical context of the development of womanist ethics and literary practice, particularly the manifestation of original social ethics in response to historical oppression, will be focused upon. Lastly, the didactic function of womanist literature will be considered because, more often than not, black American woman writers have endeavored to produce fiction that serves as guideposts towards conflict resolutions, involving, to a great extent, revaluation of mainstream values.
How Does Advertising Depend on Competition? Evidence from U.S. Brewing
Authors: Chandra Ambarish , Weinberg Matthew
Published: January 2018

The relationship between market structure and advertising has been extensively studied, but has generated sharply opposing theoretical predictions, as well as inconclusive empirical findings, likely because of severe endogeneity concerns. We exploit the 2008 merger of Miller and Coors in the U.S. brewing industry to examine how changes in local concentration affect firms’ advertising behavior. Well-established regional preferences over beer brands, and the sharp increase in concentration from the merger, make this an excellent setting to analyze this question. We find a significant positive effect of local market concentration on advertising expenditures: a 100-point increase in the Herfindahl–Hirschmann Index measure of concentration increases advertising per capita by about 5%. Our findings shed light on how and when firms choose to deploy advertising.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2889.

This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
Truth Telling Under Oath
Authors: Jacquemet Nicolas , Luchini Stéphane , Rosaz Julie , Shogren Jason F.
Published: January 2018

Oath taking for senior executives has been promoted as a means to enhance honesty within and toward organizations. Herein we explore whether people who voluntarily sign a solemn truth-telling oath are more committed to sincere behavior when offered the chance to lie. We design an experiment to test how the oath affects truth telling in two contexts: a neutral context replicating the typical experiment in the literature, and a “loaded” context in which we remind subjects that “a lie is a lie.” We consider four payoff configurations, with differential monetary incentives to lie, implemented as within-subjects treatment variables. The results are reinforced by robustness investigations in which each subject made only one lying decision. Our results show that the oath reduces lying, especially in the loaded environment—falsehoods are reduced by 50%. The oath, however, has a weaker effect on lying in the neutral environment. The oath did affect decision times in all instances: the average person takes significantly more time deciding whether to lie under oath.

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
A Stochastic Programming Model for Casualty Response Planning During Catastrophic Health Events
Authors: Caunhye Aakil M. , Nie Xiaofeng
Published: January 2018

Catastrophic health events are natural or man-made incidents that create casualties in numbers that overwhelm the response capabilities of healthcare systems. Proper response planning for such events requires community-based surge solutions such as the location of alternative care facilities and ways to improve coordination by considering triage and the movement of self-evacuees. In this paper, we construct a three-stage stochastic programming model to locate alternative care facilities and allocate casualties in response to catastrophic health events. Our model integrates casualty triage and the movement of self-evacuees in a systemic response framework that treats uncertainties involved in such large-scale events as probabilistically distributed scenarios. Solution times being instrumental to the practicality of the model, we propose an algorithm, based on Benders decomposition, to generate good solutions fast. We derive new valid inequalities, which we add to the Benders decomposition master problem to reduce the number of weak feasibility cuts generated. Because our algorithm can also be ineffective if the number of scenarios is large, we propose a two-stage approximation model that attempts to guess good third-stage solutions without third-stage decision variables and constraints. Our model, algorithm, and two-stage approximation are implemented in the case study of an earthquake situation in California based on the realistic ShakeOut Scenario data.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0777 .
Choral groups in Spain: A space for coexistence and music education
Authors: Herranz Nuria Fernández , Rodríguez José Antonio Corraliza , Ferreras Soledad
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the most relevant data obtained from a study conducted with the participation of 1255 choirs, most of them registered in the database of the Music and Dance Documentation Center from the National Institute of Performing Arts and Music of Spain. The main aim of the study of such an extensive array of choirs is to get sufficient information to describe the basic profile of choral activity in Spain. In order to conduct this study a questionnaire was designed including some specific questions for each one of the three types of choirs in which the sample was classified: children/youth choirs, mixed choirs and equal voices choirs. The questionnaire includes variables referring to the basic profile of the choirs, institutional linkage, repertoires, financing, data about the activities of the choirs and the conductors’ profile. The results show, among other things, that the choirs establish long lasting associative experiences and that, though many conductors are trained as musicians, they are not specialized in choral conducting. Finally, the qualitative and quantitative importance of the choral activity to enhance cultural heritage, musical education and social relevance of the choral movement in Spain stands out.
Composing colaboratively at schools: Between theories and practices in the field of creative music learning
Authors: Beineke Viviane
Published: January 2018

This research focuses on collaborative compositional practices, dealing with how theories and practices in the field of teaching and creative learning can be articulated in the planning and accompaniment of creative-musical projects. Its objective is to understand how participation in this type of projects can contribute to the construction of collaborative processes in creative learning, in a setting of a school music class. This research, qualitative in nature, consists of a case study, carried out by this Brazilian researcher in a German school. Methodological design includes planning and pedagogical actions in a group of fifth graders, including observation and registration of classes. Four projects were implemented, with varied approaches and composition themes, entitled: popcorn sounds; watching music, listening to images; musical journey; and musicking poems. The results show that children have been critically and enthusiastically involved in projects, negotiating ideas and taking group decisions. These collaborative processes have contributed to the construction of a shared system of musical ideas within the group that supports creative learning. The continuity of studies of this nature can favour the construction of a new approach, theoretical foundations and methodological perspectives for music education in a global context.
Blue and pink in extracurricular music education. Some differences associated with gender at the beginning of studies
Authors: Cantero Irene Martínez
Published: January 2018

Several studies have already been carried out to analyse the reasons of why a boy or a girl starts to study music outside school and chooses his or her instrument. These results make it possible to raise some knowledge, one of them about the gender differences that exist in this educational sector which leads to the perpetuation of stereotypes linked to them, thereby limiting the possibilities according to the sex with which they were born.

This article presents a research carried out with students in different educational centres in the Region of Murcia and the province of Alicante, with the aim of knowling the influence that gender has on the instruments selected, those of the environment and those that these students prefer. From this perspective, students’ initial motivations towards music and their instrument are also analysed. The results, parallel to other researchs, show important similarities in all of these matters. They also provide data that can be related to the musical environment of this research.
Good practices as the state of the art of music education: A literature review
Authors: Jaramillo María Cecilia Jorquera
Published: January 2018

This article contextualizes the origin of the expression ‘good practice’ in economy. The orientations in education developed from it are studied. The meanings assigned by different authors and their consequences in education are analysed. Finally, the presence of the expression, its meaning and use in music education are analysed. Furthermore, literature on successful educational actions is reviewed and its use in music education.
Hacia una epistemología decolonial de la notación musical
Authors: Burcet María Inés
Published: January 2018

Musical notation appears as a problematic aspect in the debate about the forms of coloniality of knowledge. It is often seen as an instrument of domination because it imposes itself as a mode of representation for music coming from oral tradition, which finds innumerable limitations in the notation for its record. The epistemology of musical notation that is questioned here as hegemonic is that which: (i) limits its possibilities to academic repertoire; (ii) warns about its (in)ability to register other music; (iii) limits and reduces its function to that of a register; (iv) encourages the development of reading skills in particular; and (v) assumes the activity of reading as decoding and writing as codifying with its concomitant pedagogy. This epistemology entails a Eurocentric perspective of musical notation that has colonized music education, naturalizing not only in the fields of musical training, but also in ordinary life.

In this article we propose to question that epistemology, providing empirical evidence and arguments that allow us to estimate alternative assumptions for thinking about musical notation as a system of representation, with the consequent decolonial possibilities that this implies.
Cardiac arrest resources that improve patient outcomes
Authors: Phillips Joel
Published: January 2018

Survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in the UK are low compared with other developed countries. UK ambulance services are in an important position to influence these survival rates by improving their ‘chain of survival’ (Nolan et al, 2006). A paramedic-led resource, with enhanced technical and non-technical skills specialising in OHCAs, has been shown to improve patient outcomes in this population group in the UK. The author proposes that this concept should be considered by all UK ambulance services to improve OHCA patient survival.
A daily juggling act…
Authors: Chapman Eleanor
Published: January 2018

In this first instalment of the Journal of Paramedic Practice's Student Column, third-year student, Eleanor Chapman, explores the stresses of time-management as the pressure piles on. Balancing essays, placements, and presentations with home, friends and family is a steep learning curve.
Key areas of interest for paramedics in 2018
Authors: Quaile Alistair
Published: January 2018

There are a number of exciting developments for ambulance services on the horizon this year. In this comment, Alistair Quaile will look ahead to the key areas of interest that will affect paramedics in 2018.
Continuing Professional Development: Vital airway management skills when treating a pulmonary embolism
Authors: Higginson Ray , Parry Andy , Burrows Paul
Published: January 2018

Overview

A pulmonary embolism (PE) is an occlusion of the pulmonary artery that occurs because of a thrombus originating from a deep vein thrombosis. In this CPD module, we will highlight key steps in performing respiratory assessment of a patient with PE, and outline paramedic treatment and management of this condition. A PE results in ventilation with a reduced perfusion. Early intervention to maintain the airway and facilitate oxygen delivery can reduce PE-associated mortality.
The cornerstones of character
Authors: Bawden Matt
Published: January 2018

The importance of good accountability in mental health and character education provision has been identified as one of the four cornerstones of best practice. Matt Bawden explores what this might look like
Organisational structures
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: January 2018

Our five-part series on the links between leadership approaches and staff retention and recruitment continues. In part two, Matt Bromley considers the most common organisational structures and how they link to staff satisfaction, motivation and retention
Locked posterior dislocation of the shoulder
Authors: Basal Ozgur , Dincer Recep , Turk Bulent
Published: January 2018

Locked posterior dislocation of the shoulder is very rare. Seizures and trauma are the most common causes of this injury. There is no current benchmark treatment strategy for these rare cases. This study has shown that reconstruction of the shoulder joint in an anatomical way in acute and chronic cases up to 16 weeks provides good results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of different treatment procedures with outcomes and to compare the results of the same procedures in acute and chronic cases.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;3:15–23. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.160089.
Understanding the impact of volunteering on pro-environmental behavioural change
Authors: Seymour Valentine , King Mike , Antonaci Roberta
Published: January 2018

This article examines whether there is an association between engaging in environmental volunteering activities and pro-environmental behavioural change. Utilising self-reported surveys, the article explores the potential impact that environmental volunteering has on people’s pro-environmental behaviours over time, using The Conservation Volunteers’ two volunteering programmes – Green Gyms® and Action Teams – as a comparative case study. The findings show a positive association between environmental volunteering activities and a person’s self-reported pro-environmental behaviours over time. Further, volunteers presented improved impact across almost all of the eight pro-environmental behaviours measured, with differences observed between the two volunteering programmes as well as sociodemographic groupings.
Clinical Evaluation of a Blood Assay to Diagnose Paucibacillary Tuberculosis via Bacterial Antigens
Authors: Liu Chang , Lyon Christopher J , Bu Yang , Deng Zaian , Walters Elisabetta , Li Yan , Zhang Liqun , Hesseling Anneke C , Graviss Edward A , Hu Ye
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

The diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) cases primarily relies on methods that detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli or their DNA in patient samples (e.g., mycobacterial culture and Xpert MTB/RIF assays), but these tests have low clinical sensitivity for patients with paucibacillary TB disease. Our goal was to evaluate the clinical performance of a newly developed assay that can rapidly diagnose active TB cases by direct detection of Mtb-derived antigens in patients' blood samples.

METHODS

Nanoparticle (NanoDisk)-enriched peptides derived from the Mtb virulence factors CFP-10 (10-kDa culture factor protein) and ESAT-6 (6-kDa early secretory antigenic target) were analyzed by high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS). Serum from 294 prospectively enrolled Chinese adults were analyzed with this NanoDisk-MS method to evaluate the performance of direct serum Mtb antigen measurement as a means for rapid diagnosis of active TB cases.

RESULTS

NanoDisk-MS diagnosed 174 (88.3%) of the study's TB cases, with 95.8% clinical specificity, and with 91.6% and 85.3% clinical sensitivity for culture-positive and culture-negative TB cases, respectively. NanoDisk-MS also exhibited 88% clinical sensitivity for pulmonary and 90% for extrapulmonary TB, exceeding the diagnostic performance of mycobacterial culture for these cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Direct detection and quantification of serum Mtb antigens by NanoDisk-MS can rapidly and accurately diagnose active TB in adults, independent of disease site or culture status, and outperform Mycobacterium-based TB diagnostics.
The beginning of theatre in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Althaqeel Naif Khalaf
Published: January 2018

Saudi Arabia’s oil potential has attracted attention from international governments since 1973. However, aside from discussions of this aspect of the Saudi economy, there is little information readily available in the international arena regarding its other potentialities, such as its people, society and cultural heritage. Theatre in Saudi Arabia dates to the 1930s, when not only Saudi Arabia but also most of its Arabic neighbours encountered the art form. At present, there are few resources and studies describing Saudi theatre, which limits knowledge and understanding about the dramatic arts in the country. This article, therefore, represents an effort to bridge the gap between Saudi theatre and the international theatrical community, by allowing unique access to this context. To achieve this, the article focuses on the beginnings of Saudi theatre, exploring its origins, the manner in which it began, and the conditions surrounding its emergence.
The respectable courtesan: Malka Pukhraj, music and the postcolonial nation
Authors: Afzal-Khan Fawzia
Published: January 2018

Within the spirit of tracing continuities between an occluded past (Hindu-majority India) with the present-day nation of Muslim Pakistan, this article examines Malka Pukhraj’s memoir, Song Sung True (2003), which weaves a narrative of courtly and classical music and folklore traditions of early twentieth-century Indo-Pakistan in her performative work. As a classically trained female singer of India and Pakistan, Pukhraj enacts a tale of gender, class and ‘respectability politics’ that poses a challenge to traditional norms at one level, while paradoxically working within/even accepting some of these same norms. Her work can be read as a Pakistani-style ‘queer’ performative monologue that allows her to signify a persona as a singer and a woman at a particular historical juncture in India and later in Pakistan. And that resists fitting in to a monolithic definition of any of these constructs.
Accounting Treatment for Unrestricted Investment Deposits and its Implication to Islamic Financial Institution
Authors: Wibowo M. Ghafur Ghafur , Setyono Joko , Abadi Kurnia Rahman
Published: January 2018

The objective of this paper is to analyze the accounting treatment for mudharabah especially for account unrestricted investment (mudharabah mutlaqoh) in practical side which has been appling in the current Islamic banking system. This paper also concerns on the impliaction of different accounting treatment to the islamic financial institution. This study finds that there two different accounting treatment for Unrestricted Mudharabah currently practised by Islamic banking, namely as liability and as different account between equity and liability. The two differents of accounting treatment for mudharabah investment account (UIAHS) will have some implication to Islamic banking, namely: Profit distribution, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Risk management and Capital structure. Based on IFSB Capital Adequacy Standard, in accounting treatment AAOFI standard, since the mudharabah Investment account has portion between liability and equity, thus the alpha maybe equal to 0.5. However, in case of Malaysia which is more based on IFRS which is treated this account as a liability, alpha is close to one (1). The different CAR also will have implication on the risk management that should be conducted by Islamic bank. Capital structure policy is another aspect that will be influenced by the different of accounting treatment of UIAHS. Hence, the accounting treatment of UIAHS on whether it will be treated as equity or liability will has direct effect on capital structure policy and some other aspect such as default risk, bankruptcy cost etc.