bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Direct and Indirect Monitoring on Generosity Among Preschoolers
Authors: Fujii Takayuki , Takagishi Haruto , Koizumi Michiko , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of direct and indirect monitoring on generosity among five-year-old preschoolers and to reveal the primary motivation for their generosity. Forty-two preschoolers completed one-shot dictator games in Condition 1 while being monitored by the experimenter (the direct monitoring condition). In Condition 2, an image of staring eyes was displayed on the computer monitor (the indirect monitoring condition). In Condition 3, the computer monitor showed a picture of flowers (the non-monitoring condition). The results showed that while there was no difference between the mean levels of allocation in the indirect and non-monitoring conditions, the mean level of allocation in the direct monitoring condition was significantly higher than in the non-monitoring condition. These results showed that five-year-old preschoolers concerned with being monitored by and receiving direct responses from, others tend to be more generous.
The location and translocation of ndh genes of chloroplast origin in the Orchidaceae family
Authors: Lin Choun-Sea , Chen Jeremy J. W. , Huang Yao-Ting , Chan Ming-Tsair , Daniell Henry , Chang Wan-Jung , Hsu Chen-Tran , Liao De-Chih , Wu Fu-Huei , Lin Sheng-Yi , Liao Chen-Fu , Deyholos Michael K. , Wong Gane Ka-Shu , Albert Victor A. , Chou Ming-Lun , Chen Chun-Yi , Shih Ming-Che
Published: March 2015

The NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex is encoded by 11 ndh genes in plant chloroplast (cp) genomes. However, ndh genes are truncated or deleted in some autotrophic Epidendroideae orchid cp genomes. To determine the evolutionary timing of the gene deletions and the genomic locations of the various ndh genes in orchids, the cp genomes of Vanilla planifolia, Paphiopedilum armeniacum, Paphiopedilum niveum, Cypripedium formosanum, Habenaria longidenticulata, Goodyera fumata and Masdevallia picturata were sequenced; these genomes represent Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae subfamilies. Four orchid cp genome sequences were found to contain a complete set of ndh genes. In other genomes, ndh deletions did not correlate to known taxonomic or evolutionary relationships and deletions occurred independently after the orchid family split into different subfamilies. In orchids lacking cp encoded ndh genes, non cp localized ndh sequences were identified. In Erycina pusilla, at least 10 truncated ndh gene fragments were found transferred to the mitochondrial (mt) genome. The phenomenon of orchid ndh transfer to the mt genome existed in ndh-deleted orchids and also in ndh containing species.
Loss of muscleblind-like 1 results in cardiac pathology and persistence of embryonic splice isoforms
Authors: Dixon Donald M. , Choi Jongkyu , El-Ghazali Ayea , Park Sun Young , Roos Kenneth P. , Jordan Maria C. , Fishbein Michael C. , Comai Lucio , Reddy Sita
Published: March 2015

Cardiac dysfunction is a prominent cause of mortality in myotonic dystrophy I (DM1), a disease where expanded CUG repeats bind and disable the muscleblind-like family of splice regulators. Deletion of muscleblind-like 1 (Mbnl1ΔE2/ΔE2) in 129 sv mice results in QRS, QTc widening, bundle block and STc narrowing at 2–4 months of age. With time, cardiac function deteriorates further and at 6 months, decreased R wave amplitudes, sinus node dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, multi-focal myocardial fiber death and calcification manifest. Sudden death, where no end point illness is overt, is observed at a median age of 6.5 and 4.8 months in ~67% and ~86% of male and femaleMbnl1ΔE2/ΔE2mice, respectively. Mbnl1 depletion results in the persistence of embryonic splice isoforms in a network of cardiac RNAs, some of which have been previously implicated in DM1, regulating sodium and calcium currents,Scn5a,Junctin,Junctate,Atp2a1,Atp11a,Cacna1s,Ryr2, intra and inter cellular transport,Clta,Stx2,Tjp1, cell survival,Capn3,Sirt2,Csda, sarcomere and cytoskeleton organization and function,Trim55,Mapt,Pdlim3,Pdlim5,Sorbs1,Sorbs2,Fhod1,Spag9and structural components of the sarcomere,Myom1,Tnnt2,Zasp. Thus this study supports a key role for Mbnl1 loss in the initiation of DM1 cardiac disease.
In vivo X-ray elemental imaging of single cell model organisms manipulated by laser-based optical tweezers
Authors: Vergucht Eva , Brans Toon , Beunis Filip , Garrevoet Jan , De Rijcke Maarten , Bauters Stephen , Deruytter David , Vandegehuchte Michiel , Van Nieuwenhove Ine , Janssen Colin , Burghammer Manfred , Vincze Laszlo
Published: March 2015

We report on a radically new elemental imaging approach for the analysis of biological model organisms and single cells in their natural, in vivo state. The methodology combines optical tweezers (OT) technology for non-contact, laser-based sample manipulation with synchrotron radiation confocal X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microimaging for the first time. The main objective of this work is to establish a new method for in vivo elemental imaging in a two-dimensional (2D) projection mode in free-standing biological microorganisms or single cells, present in their aqueous environment. Using the model organism Scrippsiella trochoidea, a first proof of principle experiment at beamline ID13 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) demonstrates the feasibility of the OT XRF methodology, which is applied to study mixture toxicity of Cu-Ni and Cu-Zn as a result of elevated exposure. We expect that the new OT XRF methodology will significantly contribute to the new trend of investigating microorganisms at the cellular level with added in vivo capability.
Superior cycle performance and high reversible capacity of SnO2/graphene composite as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Lilai , An Maozhong , Yang Peixia , Zhang Jinqiu
Published: March 2015

SnO2/graphene composite with superior cycle performance and high reversible capacity was prepared by a one-step microwave-hydrothermal method using a microwave reaction system. The SnO2/graphene composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The size of SnO2 grains deposited on graphene sheets is less than 3.5 nm. The SnO2/graphene composite exhibits high capacity and excellent electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries. The first discharge and charge capacities at a current density of 100 mA g−1 are 2213 and 1402 mA h g−1 with coulomb efficiencies of 63.35%. The discharge specific capacities remains 1359, 1228, 1090 and 1005 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at current densities of 100, 300, 500 and 700 mA g−1, respectively. Even at a high current density of 1000 mA g−1, the first discharge and charge capacities are 1502 and 876 mA h g−1 and the discharge specific capacities remains 1057 and 677 mA h g−1 after 420 and 1000 cycles, respectively. The SnO2/graphene composite demonstrates a stable cycle performance and high reversible capacity for lithium storage.
Aqueous-filled polymer microcavity arrays: versatile & stable lipid bilayer platforms offering high lateral mobility to incorporated membrane proteins
Authors: Basit Hajra , Gaul Vinnie , Maher Sean , Forster Robert J. , Keyes Tia E.
Published: March 2015

A robust new supported cell membrane model is described comprising lipid bilayers supported on aqueous filled spherical cap pores in PDMS, both lipid and reconstituted membrane proteins diffuse unhindered by the underlying support.
Energy flow between spectral components in 2D broadband stimulated Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Batignani G. , Fumero G. , Mukamel S. , Scopigno T.
Published: March 2015

A 2D broadband stimulated Raman concept within a loop diagram description.
Iodine status of Eeyou Istchee community members of northern Quebec, Canada, and potential sources
Authors: Tam Benita , Tsuji Leonard J. S. , Martin Ian D. , Liberda Eric N. , Ayotte Pierre , Coté Suzanne , Dewailly Éric , Nieboer Evert
Published: March 2015

Comparison of urinary iodine concentrations and iodine/creatinine ratios for six Canadian indigenous communities.
AACVD of Cu2−xS, In2S3 and CuInS2 thin films from [Cu(iBu2PS2)(PPh3)2] and [In(iBu2PS2)3] as single source precursors
Authors: Malik Sajid N. , Malik Abdul Qadeer , Mehmood Rana Farhat , Murtaza Ghulam , Alghamdi Yousef G. , Malik Mohammad Azad
Published: March 2015

Environmentally benign metal–organic precursors have been synthesized and used for the deposition of Cu2−xS, In2S3 and CuInS2 thin films.
Governing the morphology of Pt–Au heteronanocrystals with improved electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Mourdikoudis Stefanos , Chirea Mariana , Zanaga Daniele , Altantzis Thomas , Mitrakas Manasis , Bals Sara , Liz-Marzán Luis M. , Pérez-Juste Jorge , Pastoriza-Santos Isabel
Published: March 2015

Platinum–gold heteronanostructures comprising either dimer (Pt–Au) or core–satellite (Pt@Au) configurations with high catalytic efficiency for ethanol oxidation were synthesized.
Gold nanoparticles supported on zirconium, tin and ruthenium oxides for reagentless electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Dharuman Venkataraman , Anjalidevi Chinnathambi , Manikandan Palinci Nagarajan , Imran Habibulla
Published: March 2015

We demonstrate a simple method for the fabrication of metal oxide (M-Ox) supported gold nanoparticle (AuNP) composite films (M-Ox–AuNP) by mechanical and electrochemical methods on solid surface for reagentless electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
A new low-voltage plateau of Na3V2(PO4)3as an anode for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Jian Zelang , Sun Yang , Ji Xiulei
Published: March 2015

A low-voltage plateau at ∼0.3 V is discovered for the deep sodiation of Na3V2(PO4)3by combined computational and experimental studies.
A turn-on fluorescence probe for imaging iodide in living cells based on an elimination reaction
Authors: Kong Fanpeng , Meng Xiaoyue , Chu Ranran , Xu Kehua , Tang Bo
Published: March 2015

Based on a unique elimination reaction prompted by the iodide, a turn-on fluorescent probe (HCy-OMe-Br) without containing heavy metal has been developed for the first time. The probe can monitor iodide with excellent selectivity and sensitivity and was successfully applied to visualize iodide in living cells.
Methyltrioxorhenium-catalyzed highly selective dihydroxylation of 1,2-allenylic diphenyl phosphine oxides
Authors: Hou Junli , Chen Yang , Ma Dongmei , Cordes Burghard , Wang Jingyun , Wang Xin , Kühn Fritz E. , Guo Hao , Zhou Mingdong
Published: March 2015

Methyltrioxorhenium catalyzed highly selective dihydroxylation of allenes – a novel catalytic protocol for the synthesis of α-hydroxyl ketones.
Spectroscopic determination of relative Brønsted acidity as a predictor of reactivity in aprotic ionic liquids
Authors: Horowitz Ariel I. , Arias Paola , Panzer Matthew J.
Published: March 2015

FTIR-enabled titration of pyridine with Brønsted acids in aprotic ionic liquids successfully predicts relative acidity and reaction rates.
Carbon-coated Fe3O4 microspheres with a porous multideck-cage structure for highly reversible lithium storage
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Zhang Lei , Wu Yali , Zhong Yijun , Hu Yong , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: March 2015

Carbon-coated Fe3O4 microspheres with a porous multideck-cage structure manifest superior electrochemical lithium storage properties.
Facile fabrication of diphenylalanine peptide hollow spheres using ultrasound-assisted emulsion templates
Authors: Li Qi , Ma Hongchao , Jia Yi , Li Junbai , Zhu Baohua
Published: March 2015

Unilocular and multilocular diphenylalanine peptide hollow spheres were fabricated by an ultrasound-assisted emulsion droplet template method.
Geometric and electronic structure and magnetic properties of Fe–Au nanoalloys: insights from ab initio calculations
Authors: Hong Sampyo , Rahman Talat S.
Published: March 2015

Fe–Au nanoparticles maintain almost a constant magnetic moment of ∼2.8μB, which is 27% enhancement from the bulk value.
How ABA block polymers activate cytochrome c in toluene: molecular dynamics simulation and experimental observation
Authors: Chen Gong , Kong Xian , Zhu Jingying , Lu Diannan , Liu Zheng
Published: March 2015

The temperature responsiveness of ABA-polymer-conjugated Cyt c and its improved dispersion properties at high temperature have been investigated through both simulations and experiments.
Preparation of Ni@C–Cd0.8Zn0.2S nanocomposites with highly efficient and stable photocatalytic hydrogen production activity
Authors: Liu Jinyan , Zhuang Chuansheng , Li Kan , Peng Tianyou
Published: March 2015

A carbon-coated Ni co-catalyst is applied to the fabrication of Ni@C–Cd0.8Zn0.2S nanocomposites for an effective cost reduction strategy in a H2 production system.
Photoelectrochemical generation of hydrogen and electricity from hydrazine hydrate using BiVO4 electrodes
Authors: Pilli Satyananda Kishore , Summers Kodi , Chidambaram Dev
Published: March 2015

Photoelectrochemical production of energy from hydrazine hydrate containing aqueous solutions using a BiMo0.02V0.98O4 photoanode under neutral pH conditions.
A kinetic model of gene transfer via natural transformation of Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Lu Nanxi , Massoudieh Arash , Liang Xiaomeng , Kamai Tamir , Zilles Julie L. , Nguyen Thanh H. , Ginn Timothy R.
Published: March 2015

Horizontal gene transfer allows antibiotic resistance and other genetic traits to spread among bacteria in the aquatic environment.
3D printing of a multifunctional nanocomposite helical liquid sensor
Authors: Guo Shuang-zhuang , Yang Xuelu , Heuzey Marie-Claude , Therriault Daniel
Published: March 2015

A multifunctional 3D liquid sensor made of a PLA/MWCNT nanocomposite and shaped as a freeform helical structure was fabricated by solvent-cast 3D printing.
Modulation of the electron transfer processes in Au–ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Aguirre M. E. , Armanelli A. , Perelstein G. , Feldhoff A. , Tolley A. J. , Grela M. A.
Published: March 2015

The reversible transformation of TEMPOL-TEMPOL-H redox couple by selective excitation of the metal or the semiconductor in Au-ZnO nanostructures demonstrates the possibility of modulating the direction of the electron transfer processes at the Au ZnO interface.
Cell uptake, intracellular distribution, fate and reactive oxygen species generation of polymer brush engineered CeO2−xNPs
Authors: Qiu Yuan , Rojas Elena , Murray Richard A. , Irigoyen Joseba , Gregurec Danijela , Castro-Hartmann Pablo , Fledderman Jana , Estrela-Lopis Irina , Donath Edwin , Moya Sergio E.
Published: March 2015

Cerium Oxide nanoparticles are modified with spherical brushes of charged polyelectrolytes to study the effect of the surface charge on their biological fate and to shield fluorescence tags.
Versatile method for AFM-tip functionalization with biomolecules: fishing a ligand by means of an in situ click reaction
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Ramakrishna Shivaprakash N. , Naik Vikrant V. , Chu Zonglin , Drew Michael E. , Spencer Nicholas D. , Yamakoshi Yoko
Published: March 2015

A method for AFM-tip functionalization is described using click chemistry between pre-immobilized tripod–acetylene on the tip and azide-connected biomolecules. It has been successfully applied to chemical force spectroscopy.
Bio-inspired fabrication of copper oxide nanowire films with switchable wettability via a facile thermal oxidation method
Authors: Shi YanLong , Yang Wu , Feng XiaoJuan , Feng Lei , Yue GuoRen , Wang YongSheng
Published: March 2015

CuO nanowire surfaces imitating the structures and superhydrophobicity of the wings of boatmen have been fabricated by thermal oxidation and surface modification.
Pyridylpentazole and its derivatives: a new source of N5−?
Authors: Zhang Xueli , Yang Junqing , Lu Ming , Gong Xuedong
Published: March 2015

Pyridylpentazole (PyN5) and its derivatives with 1–2 electron withdrawing groups were studied using the density functional theory to assess their potentials as the source of pentazole anion N5− for replacement of phenylpentazole (PhN5).
Semi-synthesis and anti-lung cancer activity evaluation of aryl dihydrothiazol acyl podophyllotoxin ester derivatives
Authors: Lin Hong-Yan , Bai Li-Fei , Wang Fang , Wu Xun , Han Lu-Jing , Baloch Shahla Karim , Yang Yong-Hua , Wang Xiao-Ming
Published: March 2015

S12, the best anticancer agent among the 17 podophyllotoxin derivatives, showed a proliferative inhibition effect via inhibiting tubulin polymerization.
Development and application of a nanocomposite derived from crosslinked HPMC and Au nanoparticles for colon targeted drug delivery
Authors: Das Raghunath , Das Dipankar , Ghosh Paulomi , Dhara Santanu , Panda Asit Baran , Pal Sagar
Published: March 2015

Herein, we report a novel route for the synthesis of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) crosslinked hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose/Au nanocomposite where chemically crosslinked HPMC (c-HPMC) works as a reducing agent.
Enhanced near-infrared emission by co-doping Ce3+ in Ba2Y(BO3)2Cl:Tb3+, Yb3+ phosphor
Authors: Zhao Jin , Guo Chongfeng , Li Ting
Published: March 2015

Ba2Y(BO3)2Cl:Ce3+, Tb3+, Yb3+ with intense near-infrared emission and broad-band absorption in n-UV region is a promising down-conversion solar spectral convertor to enhance the efficiency of the silicon solar cells.
Effects of osmolytes on protein–solvent interactions in crowded environments: study of sucrose and trehalose effects on different proteins by solvent interaction analysis
Authors: Ferreira Luisa A. , Fedotoff Olga , Uversky Vladimir N. , Zaslavsky Boris Y.
Published: March 2015

The logarithms of the partition coefficients of proteins in the presence of 0.5 M sucrose and trehalose are linearly interrelated.
Microwave-annealing-induced nanowetting: a rapid and facile method for fabrication of one-dimensional polymer nanomaterials
Authors: Chang Chun-Wei , Chi Mu-Huan , Chu Chien-Wei , Ko Hao-Wen , Tu Yi-Hsuan , Tsai Chia-Chan , Chen Jiun-Tai
Published: March 2015

One-dimensional polymer nanomaterials are prepared by a microwave-annealing-induced nanowetting (MAIN) method using anodic aluminum oxide templates.
Unexpected effect of catalyst concentration on photochemical CO2 reduction by trans(Cl)–Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2: new mechanistic insight into the CO/HCOO− selectivity
Authors: Kuramochi Yusuke , Itabashi Jun , Fukaya Kyohei , Enomoto Akito , Yoshida Makoto , Ishida Hitoshi
Published: March 2015

We found catalyst concentration dependence of the product ratio in the photochemical reduction of CO2, and proposed a new mechanism involving a Ru(i)–Ru(i) dimer intermediate.
Efficient solar hydrogen production from neutral electrolytes using surface-modified Cu(In,Ga)Se2photocathodes
Authors: Kumagai Hiromu , Minegishi Tsutomu , Sato Naotoshi , Yamada Taro , Kubota Jun , Domen Kazunari
Published: March 2015

Surface thin conductor layers enhance sunlight driven hydrogen evolution from water using Cu(In,Ga)Se2photocathodes in a concentrated phosphate buffer solution.
In situ synthesis of ternary BaTiO3/MWNT/PBO electromagnetic microwave absorption composites with excellent mechanical properties and thermostabilities
Authors: Wei Jia , Zhang Shuo , Liu Xiaoyun , Qian Jun , Hua Jiasong , Li Xinxin , Zhuang Qixin
Published: March 2015

BaTiO3/MWNT/PBO ternary composites with excellent microwave absorption properties, mechanical properties and thermostabilities.
One-pot solvothermal synthesis of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles mediated by cucurbit[n]urils
Authors: Qiu Xi-Long , Zhou Yue , Jin Xiao-Yu , Qi Ai-Di , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: March 2015

A facile one-step procedure for solvothermal synthesis of highly water-dispersible biocompatible magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles mediated by cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) was presented.
The Effects of Hyper- and Hypocapnia on Phonatory Laryngeal Airway Resistance in Women
Authors: Gillespie Amanda I. , Slivka William , Atwood Charles W. , Verdolini Abbott Katherine
Published: March 2015

Purpose

The larynx has a dual role in the regulation of gas flow into and out of the lungs while also establishing resistance required for vocal fold vibration. This study assessed reciprocal relations between phonatory functions—specifically, phonatory laryngeal airway resistance (R
law
)—and respiratory homeostasis during states of ventilatory gas perturbations.

Method

Twenty-four healthy women performed phonatory tasks while exposed to induced hypercapnia (high CO
2
), hypocapnia (low CO
2
), and normal breathing (eupnea). Effects of gas perturbations on R
law
were investigated as were the reciprocal effects of R
law
modulations on respiratory homeostasis.

Results

R
law
remained stable despite manipulations of inspired gas concentrations. In contrast, end-tidal CO
2
levels increased significantly during all phonatory tasks. Thus, for the conditions tested, R
law
did not adjust to accommodate ventilatory needs as predicted. Rather, stable R
law
was spontaneously accomplished at the cost of those needs.

Conclusions

Findings provide support for a theory of regulation wherein R
law
may be a control parameter in phonation. Results also provide insight into the influence of phonation on respiration. The work sets the foundation for future studies on laryngeal function during phonation in individuals with lower airway disease and other patient populations.
Equivalent circuit for the thermal analysis of cables in non‐vented vertical risers
Authors: Baker Imad , de León Francisco
Published: March 2015

This study presents an alternative methodological approach for thermal rating of power cables installed in vertical risers covered by unvented circular protective guards. An analogue thermal‐electrical circuit is proposed for the thermal analysis of cables inside vertical risers. The proposed equivalent analogue model is verified by means of indoor experiments and finite‐element simulations with various cable and riser geometries for various load currents. Single cable and trefoil configurations are studied. Analysis performed on measured, simulated and calculated data establish the validity of the proposed model. Computations performed using the proposed method give results within 5% of measured conductor temperature. It is concluded that increasing riser height has minimal or insignificant impact on conductor temperature, whereas, reducing riser diameter, holding other variables constant increases conductor temperature and therefore reduces cable ampacity.
Tin(II) Chloride Catalyzed Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[5,4-b]quinolines under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Poursattar Marjani Ahmad , Khalafy Jabbar , Salami Fatemeh , Mohammadlou Mahsa
Published: March 2015

A series of new pyrazolo[5,4-b]quinoline derivatives were synthesized in good yields by tin(II) chloride dihydrate catalyzed cyclocondensation of 5-amino-3-(arylamino)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles with cyclohexane-1,3-dione or dimedone. The synthetic procedure can be carried out by means of simple operations under convenient solvent­-free conditions.
A Novel Approach to N′,N′-Diarylhydrazides from N′-Arylhydrazides
Authors: Li Jing-Hua , Yu Jun , Wang Shuguang , Wen Jianming , Wang Jian
Published: March 2015

A novel method for conversion of N′-arylhydrazides to N′,N′-diarylhydrazides via aerobic oxidation has been achieved. The aerobic reaction was performed using CuCl2 as a catalyst in NH3·H2O–MeOH to give good yields under mild conditions. The mechanism of the reaction is also discussed.
Partial secular Bloch-Redfield master equation for incoherent excitation of multilevel quantum systems
Authors: Tscherbul Timur V. , Brumer Paul
Published: March 2015

We present an efficient theoretical method for calculating the time evolution of the density matrix of a multilevel quantum system weakly interacting with incoherent light. The method combines the Bloch-Redfield theory with a partial secular approximation for one-photon coherences, resulting in a master equation that explicitly exposes the reliance on transition rates and the angles between transition dipole moments in the energy basis. The partial secular Bloch-Redfield master equation allows an unambiguous distinction between the regimes of quantum coherent vs. incoherent energy transfer under incoherent light illumination. The fully incoherent regime is characterized by orthogonal transition dipole moments in the energy basis, leading to a dynamical evolution governed by a coherence-free Pauli-type master equation. The coherent regime requires non-orthogonal transition dipole moments in the energy basis and leads to the generation of noise-induced quantum coherences and population-to-coherence couplings. As a first application, we consider the dynamics of excited state coherences arising under incoherent light excitation from a single ground state and observe population-to-coherence transfer and the formation of non-equilibrium quasisteady states in the regime of small excited state splitting. Analytical expressions derived earlier for the V-type system [T. V. Tscherbul and P. Brumer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 113601 (2014)] are found to provide a nearly quantitative description of multilevel excited-state populations and coherences in both the small- and large-molecule limits.
Effect of media property variations on shingled magnetic recording channel bit error rate and signal to noise ratio performance
Authors: Lin Maria Yu , Teo Kim Keng , Chan Kheong Sann
Published: March 2015

Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) is an upcoming technology to see the hard disk drive industry over until heat assisted magnetic recording or another technology matures. In this work, we study the impact of variations in media parameters on the raw channel bit error rate (BER) through micromagnetic simulations and the grain flipping probability channel model in the SMR situation. This study aims to provide feedback to media designers on how media property variations influence the SMR channel performance. In particular, we analyse the effect of variations in the anisotropy constant (Ku), saturation magnetization (Ms), easy axis (ez), grain size (gs), and exchange coupling (Ax), on the written micromagnetic output and the ensuing hysteresis loop. We also compare these analyses with the channel performance on signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the raw channel BER.
Auditory evoked field measurement using magneto-impedance sensors
Authors: Wang K. , Tajima S. , Song D. , Hamada N. , Cai C. , Uchiyama T.
Published: March 2015

The magnetic field of the human brain is extremely weak, and it is mostly measured and monitored in the magnetoencephalography method using superconducting quantum interference devices. In this study, in order to measure the weak magnetic field of the brain, we constructed a Magneto-Impedance sensor (MI sensor) system that can cancel out the background noise without any magnetic shield. Based on our previous studies of brain wave measurements, we used two MI sensors in this system for monitoring both cerebral hemispheres. In this study, we recorded and compared the auditory evoked field signals of the subject, including the N100 (or N1) and the P300 (or P3) brain waves. The results suggest that the MI sensor can be applied to brain activity measurement.
Abnormal colossal electroresistance in Ru-doped La0.225Pr0.4Ca0.375MnO3
Authors: Che P. H. , Yan Z. B. , Liu M. F. , Wang Y. L. , Zhou X. H. , Liu J.-M.
Published: March 2015

We investigate the magnetic and transport properties of polycrystalline bulk La0.225Pr0.4Ca0.375Mn1−xRuxO3 (x ≤ 0.15). With a slight Ru substitution of Mn, the Curie temperature of ferromagnetic transition is raised, the thermal hysteresis of resistivity is suppressed, and two metal-insulator transitions (MITs) coming from different mechanisms are observed. Furthermore, we observe that the resistivity of La0.225Pr0.4Ca0.375Mn1−xRuxO3 (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) increases abnormally with external electric field, and external magnetic field can suppress such abnormal electroresistance. These results suggest that the slight doping of Ru greatly suppresses the antiferromagnetic charge-ordered insulating (AFM/COI) phase. The Mn3+-Ru4+ ferromagnetic super-exchange and possible Ru4+-Ru4+ AFM interaction are implied to explain the observed behaviors.
Inclusion of line tension effect in classical nucleation theory for heterogeneous nucleation: A rigorous thermodynamic formulation and some unique conclusions
Authors: Singha Sanat K. , Das Prasanta K. , Maiti Biswajit
Published: March 2015

A rigorous thermodynamic formulation of the geometric model for heterogeneous nucleation including line tension effect is missing till date due to the associated mathematical hurdles. In this work, we develop a novel thermodynamic formulation based on Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT), which is supposed to illustrate a systematic and a more plausible analysis for the heterogeneous nucleation on a planar surface including the line tension effect. The appreciable range of the critical microscopic contact angle (θc), obtained from the generalized Young’s equation and the stability analysis, is θ∞ < θc < θ′ for positive line tension and is θM < θc < θ∞ for negative line tension. θ∞ is the macroscopic contact angle, θ′ is the contact angle for which the Helmholtz free energy has the minimum value for the positive line tension, and θM is the local minima of the nondimensional line tension effect for the negative line tension. The shape factor f, which is basically the dimensionless critical free energy barrier, becomes higher for lower values of θ∞ and higher values of θc for positive line tension. The combined effect due to the presence of the triple line and the interfacial areas (fL + fS) in shape factor is always within (0, 3.2), resulting f in the range of (0, 1.7) for positive line tension. A formerly presumed appreciable range for θc(0 < θc < θ∞) is found not to be true when the effect of negative line tension is considered for CNT. Estimation based on the property values of some real fluids confirms the relevance of the present analysis.
Fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the dielectric response in supercooled liquids
Authors: Kondrin M. V. , Brazhkin V. V. , Lebed Y. B.
Published: March 2015

We consider the correlation between static conductivity and dynamic dielectric relaxation in a number of polar organic liquids. Experimental evidence suggests that in the simple cases the linear dependence between characteristic frequency of relaxation process and the value of static susceptibility is observed. However, this proportionality can be broken due to the appearance of additional relaxation processes (secondary or high-frequency ones) so it can be confused with the “fractional” variant of Debye-Stokes-Einstein relation.
On the no-signaling approach to quantum nonlocality
Authors: Méndez J. M. , Urías Jesús
Published: March 2015

The no-signaling approach to nonlocality deals with separable and inseparable multiparty correlations in the same set of probability states without conflicting causality. The set of half-spaces describing the polytope of no-signaling probability states that are admitted by the most general class of Bell scenarios is formulated in full detail. An algorithm for determining the skeleton that solves the no-signaling description is developed upon a new strategy that is partially pivoting and partially incremental. The algorithm is formulated rigorously and its implementation is shown to be effective to deal with the highly degenerate no-signaling descriptions. Several applications of the algorithm as a tool for the study of quantum nonlocality are mentioned. Applied to a large set of bipartite Bell scenarios, we found that the corresponding no-signaling polytopes have a striking high degeneracy that grows up exponentially with the size of the Bell scenario.
Mössbauer study on epitaxial CoxFe4−xN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Ito Keita , Sanai Tatsunori , Yasutomi Yoko , Gushi Toshiki , Toko Kaoru , Yanagihara Hideto , Tsunoda Masakiyo , Kita Eiji , Suemasu Takashi
Published: March 2015

We prepared CoxFe4−xN (x = 0, 1, 3) films on SrTiO3(STO)(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The epitaxial relationship with CoxFe4−xN[100](001) || STO[100](001) was confirmed by ω-2θ (out-of-plane) and ϕ-2θχ (in-plane) x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The degree of order of atoms (S) in the CoxFe4−xN films was estimated to be ∼0.5 by the peak intensity ratio of CoxFe4−xN(100) (superlattice diffraction line) to (400) (fundamental diffraction line) in the ϕ-2θχ XRD patterns. Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy studies for the CoxFe4−xN films revealed that some N atoms are located at interstitial sites between the two nearest corner sites in the CoxFe4−xN films, and/or Fe atoms are located at both the corner and face-centered sites in the CoFe3N and Co3FeN films. In order to realize high spin-polarized CoxFe4−xN films having large S, further optimization of growth condition is required to prevent the site-disorders.
Narrow-line self-assembled GaAs quantum dots for plasmonics
Authors: Zhang Hongyi , Huo Yongheng , Lindfors Klas , Chen Yonghai , Schmidt Oliver G. , Rastelli Armando , Lippitz Markus
Published: March 2015

We demonstrate efficient coupling of excitons in near-surface GaAs quantum dots (QDs) to surface-plasmon polaritons. We observe distinct changes in the photoluminescence of the emitters as the distance between the QDs and the gold interface decreases. Based on an electric point-dipole model, we identify the surface plasmon launching rates for different QD-surface distances. While in conventional far-field experiments only a few percent of the emitted photons can be collected due to the high refractive index semiconductor substrate, already for distances around 30 nm the plasmon launching-rate becomes comparable to the emission rate into bulk photon modes, thus much larger than the photon collection rate. For even smaller distances, the degrading optical properties of the emitter counterweight the increasing coupling efficiency to plasmonic modes.
Optoelectronic properties and interband transition of La-doped BaSnO3 transparent conducting films determined by variable temperature spectral transmittance
Authors: Xing S. M. , Shan C. , Jiang K. , Zhu J. J. , Li Y. W. , Hu Z. G. , Chu J. H.
Published: March 2015

Perovskite-structured Ba1−xLaxSnO3 (x = 0–0.10) films have been directly grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by a sol-gel method. Optical properties and bandgap energy of the films have been investigated by transmittance spectra from 10 K to 450 K. It indicates that these films exhibit a high transmission of more than 80% in the visible region. With increasing temperature, there is a significant bandgap shrinkage of about 0.5 eV for lightly La doping (x ≤ 0.04) films. For heavily La doping concentration (x ≥ 0.06), the bandgap remains nearly stable with the temperature and La composition. This is due to the fact that the lattice expansion caused by La doping is close to the saturation for the film doped with x = 0.06. Moreover, temperature dependent conductivity behavior shows a similar pattern, which suggests that the doping concentration of La-doped BaSnO3 (BLSO) films has a saturated state. The La introduction can modify the Sn 5s-O 2p antibonding state and the nonbonding O 2p orbital, which remarkably affect the electronic bandgap of the BLSO films.
Direct observations of field-induced assemblies in magnetite ferrofluids
Authors: Mousavi N. S. Susan , Khapli Sachin D. , Kumar Sunil
Published: March 2015

Evolution of microstructures in magnetite-based ferrofluids with weak dipolar moments (particle size ≤ 10 nm) is studied with an emphasis on examining the effects of particle concentration (ϕ) and magnetic field strength (H) on the structures. Nanoparticles are dispersed in water at three different concentrations, ϕ = 0.15%, 0.48%, and 0.59% (w/v) [g/ml%] and exposed to uniform magnetic fields in the range of H = 0.05–0.42 T. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy is employed to provide in-situ observations of the field-induced assemblies in such systems. As the magnetic field increases, the Brownian colloids are observed to form randomly distributed chains aligned in the field direction, followed by head-to-tail chain aggregation and then lateral aggregation of chains termed as zippering. By increasing the field in low concentration samples, the number of chains increases, though their length does not change dramatically. Increasing concentration increases the length of the linear particle assemblies in the presence of a fixed external magnetic field. Thickening of the chains due to zippering is observed at relatively high fields. Through a systematic variation of concentration and magnetic field strength, this study shows that both magnetic field strength and change in concentration can strongly influence formation of microstructures even in weak dipolar systems. Additionally, the results of two commonly used support films on electron microscopy grids, continuous carbon and holey carbon films, are compared. Holey carbon film allows us to create local regions of high concentrations that further assist the development of field-induced assemblies. The experimental observations provide a validation of the zippering effect and can be utilized in the development of models for thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity.
Spin-dependent Seebeck effects in a graphene nanoribbon coupled to two square lattice ferromagnetic leads
Authors: Zhou Benhu , Zhou Benliang , Zeng Yangsu , Zhou Guanghui , Ouyang Tao
Published: March 2015

We theoretically investigate spin-dependent Seebeck effects for a system consisting of a narrow graphene nanoribbon (GNR) contacted to square lattice ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes with noncollinear magnetic moments. Both zigzag-edge graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) and armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) were considered. Compared with our previous work with two-dimensional honeycomb-lattice FM leads, a more realistic model of two-dimensional square-lattice FM electrodes is adopted here. Using the nonequilibrium Green's function method combining with the tight-binding Hamiltonian, it is demonstrated that both the charge Seebeck coefficient SC and the spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient SS strongly depend on the geometrical contact between the GNR and the leads. In our previous work, SC for a semiconducting 15-AGNR system near the Dirac point is two orders of magnitude larger than that of a metallic 17-AGNR system. However, SC is the same order of magnitude for both metallic 17-AGNR and semiconducting 15-AGNR systems in the present paper because of the lack of a transmission energy gap for the 15-AGNR system. Furthermore, the spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient SS for the systems with 20-ZGNR, 17-AGNR, and 15-AGNR is of the same order of magnitude and its maximum absolute value can reach 8 μV/K. The spin-dependent Seebeck effects are not very pronounced because the transmission coefficient weakly depends on spin orientation. Moreover, the spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient is further suppressed with increasing angle between the relative alignments of magnetization directions of the two leads. Additionally, the spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient can be strongly suppressed for larger disorder strength. The results obtained here may provide valuable theoretical guidance in the experimental design of heat spintronic devices.
Enhanced power factor and reduced thermal conductivity of a half-Heusler derivative Ti9Ni7Sn8: A bulk nanocomposite thermoelectric material
Authors: Misra D. K. , Rajput A. , Bhardwaj A. , Chauhan N. S. , Singh Sanjay
Published: March 2015

We report a half-Heusler (HH) derivative Ti9Ni7Sn8 with VEC = 17.25 to investigate the structural changes for the optimization of high thermoelectric performance. The structural analysis reveals that the resulting material is a nanocomposite of HH and full-Heusler with traces of Ti6Sn5 type-phase. Interestingly, present nanocomposite exhibits a significant decrease in thermal conductivity due to phonon scattering and improvement in the power factor due to combined effect of nanoinclusion-induced electron injection and electron scattering at interfaces, leading to a boost in the ZT value to 0.32 at 773 K, which is 60% higher than its bulk counterpart HH TiNiSn.
A spin-wave logic gate based on a width-modulated dynamic magnonic crystal
Authors: Nikitin Andrey A. , Ustinov Alexey B. , Semenov Alexander A. , Chumak Andrii V. , Serga Alexander A. , Vasyuchka Vitaliy I. , Lähderanta Erkki , Kalinikos Boris A. , Hillebrands Burkard
Published: March 2015

An electric current controlled spin-wave logic gate based on a width-modulated dynamic magnonic crystal is realized. The device utilizes a spin-wave waveguide fabricated from a single-crystal Yttrium Iron Garnet film and two conducting wires attached to the film surface. Application of electric currents to the wires provides a means for dynamic control of the effective geometry of waveguide and results in a suppression of the magnonic band gap. The performance of the magnonic crystal as an AND logic gate is demonstrated.
Electron-less negative ion extraction from ion-ion plasmas
Authors: Rafalskyi Dmytro , Aanesland Ane
Published: March 2015

This paper presents experimental results showing that continuous negative ion extraction, without co-extracted electrons, is possible from highly electronegative SF6 ion-ion plasma at low gas pressure (1 mTorr). The ratio between the negative ion and electron densities is more than 3000 in the vicinity of the two-grid extraction and acceleration system. The measurements are conducted by both magnetized and non-magnetized energy analyzers attached to the external grid. With these two analyzers, we show that the extracted negative ion flux is almost electron-free and has the same magnitude as the positive ion flux extracted and accelerated when the grids are biased oppositely. The results presented here can be used for validation of numerical and analytical models of ion extraction from ion-ion plasma.
Synergistic ultraviolet photoresponse of a nanostructured ZnO film with gate bias and ultraviolet illumination
Authors: Ghimire Rishi Ram , Mondal Shahnewaz , Raychaudhuri A. K.
Published: March 2015

We report large enhancement of photoresponse in a nanostructured ZnO film using an electrolyte as a gate dielectric with gate bias and ultraviolet (UV) illumination. The gate bias used for observing the large response is low and ≤5 V. The resultant current enhancement by the combined effect of two effects (field effect and illumination) is much larger than the simple addition of two effects when they act individually. The polymeric electrolyte used as gate dielectric forms an electric double layer at the interface between the nanostructured film and gate dielectric, which enables accumulation of large charge carrier density (≈1013–1014) at the interface. The field effect mobility, μFE, of the carriers is enhanced under modest gate bias in the presence of UV illumination due to the reduction of barrier EB in between the nano crystallites because of large surface charge induced by field effect. It is proposed that the gate induced carriers also passivate the charged defect states in the ZnO, thereby reducing carrier scattering and enhancing the photocurrent. The mechanism proposed has been validated by observation of gate controlled Photoluminescence, where the passivation of charged defect states by gate induced carriers led to suppression of visible photoluminescence, which arises from charged oxygen vacancy defect states.
Low-power and ultrafast all-optical tunable plasmon induced transparency in metal-dielectric-metal waveguide side-coupled Fabry-Perot resonators system
Authors: Han Xu , Wang Tao , Wang BoYun , Liu Bo , He Yu , Zhu YouJiang
Published: March 2015

In this paper, low-power and ultrafast all-optical tunable plasmon induced transparency in metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) waveguide side-coupled Fabry-Perot (FP) resonators system with nonlinear optical Kerr medium is investigated both analytically and numerically. High tunability in transparency window magnitude and phase responses is obtained when nonlinear optical Kerr material is embedded in the MDM waveguide. In order to reduce the pump intensity, traditional nonlinear optical Kerr material is replaced by graphene. A shift of 64 nm in the central wavelength of the transparency window is achieved when the FP resonators are covered with monolayer graphene with pump intensity increasing from 9.2 to 10 MW/cm2. An ultrafast response time of the order of 1 ps is reached because of ultrafast carrier relaxation dynamics of graphene. This work not only paves the way towards the realization of on-chip integrated nanophotonic devices but also opens the possibility of the construction of ultrahigh-speed information processing chips based on plasmonic circuits.
Magnetoresistance characteristics in individual Fe3O4 single crystal nanowire
Authors: Reddy K. M. , Padture Nitin P. , Punnoose Alex , Hanna Charles
Published: March 2015

We report on the magnetoresistance (MR) and electron transport measurements observed on a single crystal magnetite nanowire prepared using a hydrothermal synthesis method. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed the single crystal magnetite nanowires with 80–120 nm thickness and up to 8 μm in length. Magnetic measurements showed the typical Verwey transition around 120 K with a 100 Oe room temperature coercivity and 45 emu/g saturation magnetization, which are comparable to bulk magnetite. Electrical resistance measurements in 5–300 K temperature range were performed by scanning gate voltage and varying applied magnetic field. Electrical resistivity of the nanowire was found to be around 5 × 10−4 Ω m, slightly higher than the bulk and has activation energy of 0.07 eV. A negative MR of about 0.7% is observed for as-synthesized nanowires at 0.3 T applied field. MR scaled with increasing applied magnetic field representing the field-induced alignment of magnetic domain. These results are attributed to the spin-polarized electron transport across the antiphase boundaries, which implicate promising applications for nanowires in magnetoelectronics.
Scattering-layer-induced energy storage function in polymer-based quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhang Xi , Jiang Hongrui
Published: March 2015

Photo-self-charging cells (PSCs) are compact devices with dual functions of photoelectric conversion and energy storage. By introducing a scattering layer in polymer-based quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, two-electrode PSCs with highly compact structure were obtained. The charge storage function stems from the formed ion channel network in the scattering layer/polymer electrolyte system. Both the photoelectric conversion and the energy storage functions are integrated in only the photoelectrode of such PSCs. This design of PSC could continuously output power as a solar cell with considerable efficiency after being photo-charged. Such PSCs could be applied in highly-compact mini power devices.
Direct-drive–ignition designs with mid-Z ablators
Authors: Lafon M. , Betti R. , Anderson K. S. , Collins T. J. B. , Epstein R. , McKenty P. W. , Myatt J. F. , Shvydky A. , Skupsky S.
Published: March 2015

Achieving thermonuclear ignition using direct laser illumination relies on the capability to accelerate spherical shells to high implosion velocities while maintaining shell integrity. Ablator materials of moderate atomic number Z reduce the detrimental effects of laser–plasma instabilities in direct-drive implosions. To validate the physics of moderate-Z ablator materials for ignition target designs on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), hydro-equivalent targets are designed using pure plastic (CH), high-density carbon, and glass (SiO2) ablators. The hydrodynamic stability of these targets is investigated through two-dimensional (2D) single-mode and multimode simulations. The overall stability of these targets to laser-imprint perturbations and low-mode asymmetries makes it possible to design high-gain targets. Designs using polar-drive illumination are developed within the NIF laser system specifications. Mid-Z ablator targets are an attractive candidate for direct-drive ignition since they present better overall performance than plastic ablator targets through reduced laser–plasma instabilities and a similar hydrodynamic stability.