bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Its Risk Factors Among Patients with Depression or Bipolar Disorder in China
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Jun , Yang Yuan , Zou Haiou
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury and its risk factors among patients with depression or bipolar disorder in China. 394 inpatients (Mage=29.71; SDage=11.95) with depression or bipolar disorder were recruited from two psychiatric hospitals in Beijing, China. A General Demographic Data Form, the Non-suicidal Self-injury Questionnaire (NSSI-Q), Impulsivity Items and the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) were completed by all patients. Of the 394 patients examined, 245 (62.2%) of this sample reported NSSI in past year. The most common methods of NSSI for female was “pinching" (23.1%) and "scratching" (22.8%), while for male it was "hiting hard objects" (12.7%). By multivariate regression analysis, young age, single in marital status, left-behind experience, impulsivity and ACEs were risk factors for NSSI. Our study points to the fact that there has been an unfortunate information in prevalence of NSSI among patients with depression or bipolar disorder in China. It is not only necessary to raise the awareness of NSSI among families and the society, but also to formulate targeted assessments and intervention. Moreover, future research should focus not only on individuals being hospitalized, but should be representative of individuals treated at home or in the community because there are no national statistics on NSSI among such patients in China.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Expression in the Visual System
Authors: Hill James M. , Clement Christian , Arceneaux L. , Lukiw Walter
Published: March 2021

Background: Multiple lines of evidence currently indicate that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)gains entry into human host cells via a high-affinity interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transmembrane receptor. Research has further shown the widespread expression of the ACE2 receptor on the surface of many different immune, non-immune and neural host cell types, and that SARS-CoV-2 has there markable capability to attack many different types of human-host cells simultaneously. One principal neuroanatomical region for highACE2 expression patterns occurs in the brainstem, an area of the brain containing regulatory centers for respiration, and this may in part explain the predisposition of many COVID-19 patients to respiratory distress. Early studies also indicated extensive ACE2 expression in the whole eye and the brain’s visual circuitry. In this study we analyzed ACE2 receptor expression at the mRNA and protein level in multiple cell types involved in human vision, including cell types of the external eye and several deep brain regions known to be involved in the processing of visual signals.Methods: ACE2 mRNA and protein analysis; multiple eye and brain cells and tissues; gamma32P-adenosine tri-phosphate ([γ-32P]dATP) radiolabeled probes; Northern analysis; ELISA.Results: The four main findings were: (i)that many different optical and neural cell types of the human visual system provide receptors essential for SARS-CoV-2 invasion; (ii)the remarkable ubiquity of ACE2 presence in cells of the eye and anatomical regions of the brain involved in visual signal processing; (iii)that ACE2 receptor expression in different ocular cell types and visual processing centers of the brain provide multiple compartments for SARS-CoV-2 infiltration; and (iv)a gradient of increasing ACE2 expression from the anterior surface of the eye to the visual signal processing areas of the occipital lobe and the primary visual neocortex.Conclusion: A gradient of ACE2 expression from the eye surface to the occipital lobe provide the SARS-CoV-2 virus a novel pathway from the outer eye into deeper anatomical regions of the brain involved in vision. These findings may explain, in part, the many recently reported neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2infection in COVID-19 affected patients.
Intestinal Stem Cell Marker, ASCL2 Is a Novel Prognostic Predictor in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shibahara Yukiko , Espin-Garcia Osvaldo , Conner James , Weiss Jessica , Derouet Mathieu , Allen Jonathan , Wilson Gavin , Allison Frances , Hafezi-Bakhtiari Sara , Kalimuthu Sangeetha , Wong Rebecca , Elimova Elena , Yeung Jonathan , Darling Gail
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Stem cell markers play a significant role in esophageal adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis via Barrett’s esophagus; however, its utility as a prognostic biomarker has not been established. Methods: We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of Ascl2 and Lgr5 utilizing whole slides (WS; 35 cases) and tissue microarray (TMA; 64 cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma with adjacent normal squamous epithelium, Barrett's esophagus, and dysplasia). Two pathologists semi-quantitatively scored stained slides independently/blindly, and the results were correlated with clinicopathologic factors and outcomes. Results: In WS, 51% and 57% expressed high Ascl2 and high Lgr5; in TMA, 69% and 88% expressed high Ascl2 and high Lgr5, respectively. In TMA, high Ascl2 and low Lgr5 expression significantly correlated to a higher number of involved lymph nodes (p=0.027 and p=0.0039), and Lgr5 expression significantly correlated to the pathological stage (p=0.0032). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a negative impact of high Ascl2 expression on overall survival (OS; WS p=0.0168, TMA p=0.0276) as well as progression-free survival (PFS; WS p=0.000638, TMA p=0.0466), but not Lgr5. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Ascl2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (OS; WS p=0.25, TMA p=0.011. PFS; WS p=0.012, TMA p=0.038). Analysis of the TCGA dataset showed that ASCL2 mRNA levels were correlated to nodal status but not overall survival.Conclusion: Intestinal stem cell marker, Ascl2 is an independent prognostic factor in esophageal adenocarcinoma. High Ascl2 levels were associated with nodal status in both immunohistochemical and mRNA expression. These findings may contribute to the development of prognosis-based subclassification of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Quantum control of a nanoparticle optically levitated in cryogenic free-space
Authors: Novotny Lukas , Tebbenjohanns Felix , Mattana Maria Luisa , Rossi Massimiliano , Frimmer Martin
Published: March 2021

Tests of quantum mechanics on a macroscopic scale require extreme control over mechanical motion and its decoherence [1-4]. Quantum control of mechanical motion has been achieved by engineering the radiation pressure coupling between a micromechanical oscillator and the electromagnetic field in a resonator [5-8]. Furthermore, measurement-based feedback control relying on cavity-enhanced detection schemes has been used to cool micromechanical oscillators to their quantum ground states [9]. In contrast to mechanically tethered systems, optically levitated nanoparticles are particularly promising candidates for matter-wave experiments with massive objects [10,11], since their trapping potential is fully controllable. In this work, we optically levitate a femto-gram dielectric particle in cryogenic free space, which suppresses thermal effects sufficiently to make the measurement backaction the dominant decoherence mechanism. With an efficient quantum measurement, we exert quantum control over the dynamics of the particle. We cool its center-of-mass motion by measurement-based feedback to an average occupancy of 0.65 motional quanta, corresponding to a state purity of 43%. The absence of an optical resonator and its bandwidth limitations holds promise to transfer the full quantum control available for electromagnetic fields to a mechanical system. Together with the fact that the optical trapping potential is highly controllable, our experimental platform offers a route to investigating quantum mechanics at macroscopic scales [12,13].
Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Performance of Mn-Sno2@Zno Nanocomposite for High Efficient Cationic Dye Degradation
Authors: Asaithambi S. , Sakthivel P. , Karuppaiah M. , Balaji V. , Yuvakkumar R. , G Ravi
Published: March 2021

In this work, we have synthesized Mn-doped SnO2@ZnO nanocomposite for photo degradation of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B dyes upon visible light irradiation. The crystal structure, functional group, optical absorption, defect related emission, morphology, purity and binding energy state of synthesized samples were identified by using various analytical tools. The optical absorption shift and the reduction of band gap values are confirming the formation of hetero-junction of SnO2@ZnO composites. The Mn-SnO2@ZnO hetero-junction effectively induces the photo-generated charge carrier separation and enriches the charge transfer which helps in enhancing the photo-catalytic activities. The photocatalytic degradation results clearly indicate that the Mn-doped SnO2@ZnO nanocomposite has higher degradation efficiency of 98 % and 92 % for the Methylene blue and Rhodamine B dyes, respectively and is higher than the other synthesized samples. The present study reveals a low cost and highly efficient photo-catalyst which works up on visible light irradiation for the purification of waste water from industries.
Contemporary procedure characteristics and outcomes of accessory atrioventricular pathway ablations in an integrated community-based health care system
Authors: Young Charlie , Kwan Annie , Yepez Lisa , McCarty Meghan , Chan Amanda , Hsu Dora I , Han Jennifer , Taneja Taresh , Park Shirley , Hayward Robert M , Liu Taylor I
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Descriptions of large series of accessory atrioventricular pathway (AP) ablations in adults and adolescents have been limited to referral centers and published over 20 years ago. We aimed to characterize contemporary accessory AP distribution and features in a large community-based population that influence ablation outcomes.
Methods

Retrospective analysis of 289 patients (age 14–81) who underwent AP ablation from 2015–2019 was performed. Pathways were categorized into anteroseptal (AS), left freewall (LFW), posteroseptal (PS), and right freewall (RFW) locations. We analyzed patient and pathway features to identify factors associated with prolonged procedure time parameters.
Results

Initial ablation success rate was 94.7% with long-term success rate of 93.4% and median follow-up of 931 days. APs were in LFW (61.6%), PS (24.6%), RFW (9.6%), and AS (4.3%) locations. Procedure outcome was dependent on pathway location. Acute success was highest for LFW pathways (97.1%) with lowest case times (144 ± 68 minutes) and fluoroscopy times (15 ± 19 minutes). Longest procedure time parameters were seen with AS, left anterolateral, epicardial-coronary sinus, and right anterolateral pathway ablations. A novel ECG algorithm was developed to predicts AP locations and further guide procedure planning.
Conclusion

In this community-based population, majority of APs are located in the left freewall and posteroseptal region, with only retrograde conduction, and can be ablated using traditional approaches with short time parameters and high success. Using a novel ECG algorithm for pathway localization, we can predict cases with longer procedure times, higher fluoroscopy exposure, and lower acute and long-term success for manifest pathways.
Predictive Capacity of COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate
Authors: Fenga Livio , Gaspari Mauro
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 infections can spread silently, due to the simultaneous presence of significant numbers of both critical and asymptomatic to mild cases. While for the former reliable data are available (in the form of number of hospitalization and/or beds in intensive care units), this is not the case of the latter. Hence, analytical tools designed to generate reliable forecast and future scenarios, should be implemented to help decision makers planning ahead (e.g. medical structures and equipment). Previous work of one of the authors shows that an alternative formulation of the Test Positivity Rate (TPR), i.e. the proportion of the number of persons tested positive in a given day, exhibits a strong correlation with the number of patients admitted in hospital and intensive care units. In this paper, we investigate the lagged correlation structure between the newly defined TPR and the hospitalized people time series, exploiting a rigorous statistical model, the Seasonal Auto Regressive Moving Average (SARIM A). The rigorous analytical framework chosen, i.e. the stochastic processes theory, allowed for a reliable forecasting about 12 days ahead, of those
quantities. The proposed approach would also allow decision makers to forecast the number of beds in hospitals and intensive care units needed 12 days ahead. The obtained results show that a standardized TPR index is a valuable metric to monitor the growth of the COVID-19 epidemic.
The index can be computed on daily basis and it is probably one of the best forecasting tools available today for predicting hospital and intensive care units overload, being an optimal compromise between simplicity of calculation and accuracy.
Oral RNA Interference Therapy for Celiac Disease using a Polymeric Microsphere Formulation
Authors: Attarwala Husain Z. , Suri Kanika , Amiji Mansoor M.
Published: March 2021

Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by activation of the immune system in response to deamidation of gluten peptides brought about by tissue transglutaminase-2 (TG2). Overexpression of interleukin-15 (IL-15) in the intestinal epithelium and the lamina propria leads to the dysregulation of the immune system, leading to epithelial damage. The goal of this study was to develop an RNA interference therapeutic strategy for celiac disease using a combination of TG2 and IL-15 gene silencing in the inflamed intestine. TG2 and IL-15 silencing siRNA sequences, along with scrambled control, were encapsulated in Nanoparticle-in-Microsphere Oral System (NiMOS) and administered in poly(I:C) mouse model of celiac disease. Single TG2 and IL-15 siRNA therapy as well the combination showed effective gene silencing in vivo. Additionally, it was found that IL-15 gene silencing alone and combination in NiMOS significantly reduced other proinflammatory cytokines. The tissue histopathology data also confirmed a reduction in immune cell infiltration as well as restoration of the mucosal architecture and barrier function in the intestine upon treatment. Overall, the results of this study show evidence that celiac disease can be potentially treated with an oral microsphere formulation using a combination of TG2 and IL-15 RNA interference therapeutic strategy.
Use of an antiviral mouthwash as an additional barrier measure in the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in adults with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Carrouel  , Valette  , Gadea  , Esparcieux  , Illes  , Langlois  , Perrier  , Dussart  , Tramini  , Ribaud  , Bouscambert-Duchamp  , Bourgeois
Published: March 2021

Background The research hypothesis is that commercially available mouthwash with ß-cyclodextrin and citrox (bioflavonoids) could decrease the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) salivary viral load in adults with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19. Methods In this RCT, SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients aged 18-85 years with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 symptoms <8 days were recruited. A total of 154 eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to antiviral ß-cyclodextrin and citrox mouthwash (CDCM) or placebo. Three rinses daily were performed for 7 days. Saliva sampling was performed on day 1 at 9 a.m. (T1), 1 p.m. (T2) and 6 p.m. (T3). On the following 6 days, one sample was taken at 3 p.m. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect SARS-CoV-2. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04349592). Findings CDCM was significantly more effective than placebo 4 hours after the first intake (p<0·001), with a median percentage decrease T1-T2 of -14·25% [95% CI; -32·68% - 0·06%]. In patients with an initial salivary load > 2·95 log10 copies/mL, there was a significant difference in the reduction in viral load at T2. Over the course of one day, the first mouthwash rinse significantly reduced the viral load, and the second dose maintained this low value, compared to placebo. At day 7, there was still a greater decrease in salivary viral load over time in the CDCM group. In individuals with an initial viral SARS-CoV-2 load higher than 4·12 log10 copies/mL or 5·16 log10 copies/mL, CDCM reduced the salivary viral load more quickly than placebo (MLM p-value = 0·03; 0·029). Interpretation This trial supports the relevance of using mouthwash with ß-cyclodextrin and citrox as an additional barrier measure on day 1 to reduce the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2. Over 7 days, the use of this mouthwash showed a benefit of viral load reduction for patients with the highest initial loads.
Endurance training intensity has greater effects than volume on heart rate variability and arterial stiffness adaptations in sedentary adult men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Soltani Mohammad , Baluchi Masoud Jokar , Boullosa Daniel , Daraei Ali , Govindasamy Karuppasamy , Dehbaghi Kambiz Moradi , Mollabashi Shirin Shirzad , Doyle–Baker Patricia K. , Basati Gholam , Saeidi Ayoub , Zouhal Hassane
Published: March 2021

Background: The current study investigated the chronic effects of high-volume moderate-intensity training and low-volume high-intensity training on heart rate variability (HRV) and arterial stiffness in sedentary adult men. Materials and methods: Forty-five males (age: 42± 5.7 yrs.) were randomly assigned into control group (n=15), high-volume moderate-intensity training (HVMIT) (n=15), and low-volume high-intensity training (LVHIT) (n=15). The HVMIT group ran three times per week, on the treadmill at 50% to 60% of VO2max for 45 to 60 minutes, while the LVHIT trained at 70% to 85% of VO2max for 25 to 40 minutes. Both training programs were equated by caloric expenditure. HRV, Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), hemodynamic variables, and body composition were measured before and after 12 weeks.Results: Both protocols (HVMIT and LVHIT) significantly increased the Standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and High-frequency (HF) bands after 12 weeks (p ˂ 0.05). The LF/HF ratio decreased significantly in both training groups (p ˂ 0.05). However, these changes were significantly greater in the LVHIT protocol (p ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, the Root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) significantly increased only in the LVHIT protocol (P ˂ 0.05). Moreover, a significant decrease in low-frequency (LF) and PWV was only observed following the LVHIT protocol (P ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that the LVHIT protocol is more effective and efficient for improving HRV variables and PWV than the HVMIT protocol.
Digitalization in Realization of Ecological and Economic Principles of Managing Sustainable Development of Agrarian Enterprises
Authors: Zos-Kior М.V. , Ilin V.Y. , Kyryliuk I.M. , Solod O.V.
Published: March 2021

The article describes the digitalization of ecological and economic principles of agricultural enterprise development management. It presents effective techniques for adapting enterprises to the challenges of the smart economy, which changes human needs, products, services, value chains, markets, processes, business models, forms of competition and business partnerships. The article proves the efficiency of precision farming, which includes parallel driving, yield mapping, differentiated application of seeds and fertilizers. It is determined that the lack of systemic demand for digital solutions from domestic agricultural enterprises and rural communities and unpreparedness (strategic, financial, technological, personnel, organizational, etc.) of most enterprises and communities to cardinal innovations significantly deter the formation of smart agribusiness in Ukraine. The article describes the system of measured indicators and capabilities of the Hummingbird Technologies platform and consequences of its implementation for land management, in particular normalized relative biomass index, leaf surface index, crop heterogeneity map, plant lodging risk map, weed map, seedling density map, electronic maps creation tasks, task map for differentiated desiccation, task map for differentiated application of herbicides, task map for differentiated application of growth regulators in plants. It justifies the need to intensify the work of rural a community, which try to communicate with agricultural producers on mutually beneficial terms and with other stakeholders for the sustainable development of rural areas. The issues of participation of rural communities in projects to increase soil fertility, organization of organic farms, service cooperatives, which are directly or indirectly related to the effective management of environmental and economic development of agricultural enterprises. The article shows the necessity of professional development of business engineers, personnel and strengthening of role of analytics for agricultural enterprises to digitalize the economic activity.
HIV infection and multiple drug resistant tuberculosis: the frequency of co-infection and treatment efficacy
Authors: Filinyuk O. V. , Alliluev A. S. , Аmichba D. E. , Golubchikov P. N. , Popelo Yu. S. , Dobkina M. N.
Published: March 2021

The objective of the study: in Tomsk Region, to establish the frequency of multiple drug resistance (MDR) of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in new tuberculosis patients with the reference to their HIV status and to assess their treatment outcomes.

Subjects and methods. The presented results were obtained from a retrospective cohort study of 788 new tuberculosis patients who were registered for MDR TB treatment at Tomsk Phthisiopulmonology Medical Center from January 2017 to April 2019.

Results. In Tomsk Region, the level of primary MDR reaches 31.3% in patients with TB/HIV co-infection, while in HIV negative tuberculosis patients, this rate is 24.2%. The incidence of primary MDR/XDR MTB reaches 40% among deceased patients with TB/HIV co-infection. Treatment efficacy in MDR/XDR TB patients with associated HIV infection is low – the effective treatment was achieved only in 7.3% of them. In general (excluding the data on MTB drug resistance and antiretroviral therapy), treatment efficacy of tuberculosis patients with HIV infection is significantly lower versus HIV negative tuberculosis patients: 37.7% and 61.9%, respectively, OR 0.38 [0.28; 0.50], p = 0.001.
Treatment of multiple drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in a diabetic patient with renal allograft
Authors: Korzh E. V. , Podchos N. A. , Ivanitskaya T. V.
Published: March 2021

The article describes a clinical case of treatment of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis in the patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus who had received a kidney transplant (from his mother) 3 years before tuberculosis was diagnosed due to diabetic nephroangiosclerosis and the development of end-stage chronic renal disease. Pulmonary tuberculosis developed while taking immunosuppressive drugs, it manifested by an infiltrate with destruction of lung tissue in the upper lobe of the left lung, infiltrative tuberculosis of the left upper lobe and segmental bronchi, bacterial excretion confirmed by microscopy and culture. The strain of tuberculosis was resistant to 5 drugs including isoniazid and rifampicin. The chemotherapy regimen included pyrazinamide, capreomycin, levofloxacin, ethionamide, cycloserine, and paraaminosalicylic acid. Glomerular filtration rate was monitored every month. The full course of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy (556 doses) was effectively completed, glomerular filtration by that time was 77.0 ml/min. Stable sputum conversion was achieved (confirmed by sputum culture), the cavity was healed, and some areas of pneumosclerosis and single solid foci persisted.
Pragmatic Strategy of Indonesian English Teachers in Questioning
Authors: Darong Hieronimus Canggung
Published: March 2021

This study was an attempt to examine pragmatic strategies and questioning types employed by English teachers in classroom interactions. Delivering the functions of questions by their types is insufficient to manage the flow of interaction. As such, the teachers need a certain pragmatic strategy. Data were gathered from three Indonesian English teachers. Purposefully selected teachers were observed, audio-recorded, and analyzed by using Gricean cooperative principle and politeness principle following the principle of Conservation Analysis (CA). The conservation analysis revealed that the use of external devices- adjunct to the head acts or enquirers (grounder, sweetener, and disarmer) and internal modifiers (syntactic interrogative downgraders and lexical consultative downgraders) were mostly used by the teachers in employing questions to mitigate the illocutionary act of questioning as a request. In addition, the teachers intentionally violated the maxim for the sake of managing the flow of conservation. Subsequently, this study mirrors previous research findings that display questions as the most frequent strategies used to extend the talk and to invite learner response. Instead of analyzing questions that conventionally associate those with speech act theory, social aspects of interpersonal normativity (being responsible and autonomous) might be of benefit in sharing social-communicative intentions in order to extend the classroom talk.
Learning through Watching: Using Animation Movie to Improve Students’ Writing Ability
Authors: Silvani Dea
Published: March 2021

Writing is often considered as a complicated skill to master. In order to be able to write effectively, there are several aspects to consider, which often make students face some problems in composing a written text. Thus, the use of the appropriate instructional media is necessary to help students overcome those problems, and enhance their writing ability. This classroom action research aims to investigate the improvement of students’ writing skill through the use of animation movie as the instructional media. The participants of this research were two observers and 38 second grade senior high school students. This research used observation as the technique of collecting the qualitative data about the teaching and learning process, which then analyzed by using thematic analysis. Meanwhile, writing tests were used to obtain the quantitative data about the students’ scores on the test given at the end of the cycles. Descriptive statistics are used to analyse the quantitative data obtained in  this study. The research result showed that their average scores increased from the pre-test (75.68), to the post test in cycle 1 (78.71) and the post- test in cycle 2 (83.55). It indicated that their writing skill was also increased. Therefore, the use of animation movie in English class can improve the second grade senior high school students’ writing skill.
Student-Teachers’ Engagement in Mediated Writing Feedback: Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Pahlevi Muhammad Reza
Published: March 2021

Advance of technology brings about different ways in language learning and teaching. Indeed, mediated writing feedback has been adopted and demanded in language assessment. However, little is known on how students’ engagement in mediated writing feedback. This present study explores students’ engagement in mediated writing feedback. Narrative inquiry design was used to reveal students’ experience and reflection of mediated writing feedback. Three student-teachers involved in this study. They assigned as they meet requirement in this study. They were in thesis writing. Semi-structured interview used to reveal students’ learning experience in receiving mediated writing feedback. Students’ writing work used in this study as well. The obtained data were analyzed by thematic analysis. They also interpreted by theories lenses. The findings illustrated that mediated writing feedback stimulates students learn to write actively (behavior engagement), assists students learn to write (cognitive engagement), and have a balance emotion (emotional engagement.)
Pragmatic Analysis of Flouting Maxim in Donald Trump’s Interview with TIME in the Oval Office 2020
Authors: Latifatun Nuzulia Isma Farikha
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to define a linguistic feature based on Donald Trump’s interview with TIME since Trump is a politician who has the power to influence others, and it can be extremely essential to analyze how the hidden meaning in his utterance images him as a public figure. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method because the object of the study is a transcript containing utterance and conversation. Grice's (1975) theory is used in this study to define the flouting maxim that occurs  during the interview. The result of this study is that 11 utterances containing flouting maxim of quantity, 3 flouting the maxim of relation, 2 flouting the maxim of manner, and no flouting maxim of quality is found in this study. After analyzing the finding, the most dominant found types is flouting maxim of quantity which means that Trump frequently gives more information than required to express his interest and to show his power as a president and his nationalism as representative of American. 
Pragmatic Failure in the Subtitles of Moonlight Movie
Authors: Mahniza Melda , Lubis Syahron , Mono Umar , Hanafiah Ridwan
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to find out the types of pragmatic failures that can lead to incorrect understanding of meaning by the audience. Pragmatic failure in translation consists of two failures, namely: pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure. Pragmalinguistic failures in translation are analyzed using speech act theory proposed by Searle and deixis theory proposed by Levinson. Sociopragmatic failures in translation are analyzed using the principle of cooperation theory proposed by Grice and the principle of politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. One hundred seventy-six pragmatic failures are found in the subtitles of Moonlight movie, which is divided into one hundred thirty-six pragmalinguistic failures and forty sociopragmatic failures. Pragmalinguistic failures that occur are the failures to transfer speech acts and deixis of oral speech into subtitles. Sociopragmatic failures that occur are the failures to transfer principle of cooperation of oral speech into subtitles.
Revisiting Wess-Zumino-Witten terms
Authors: Lee Yasunori , Ohmori Kantaro , Tachikawa Yuji
Published: March 2021

We revisit various topological issues concerning four-dimensional ungauged and gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) terms for SU and SO quantum chromodynamics (QCD), from the modern bordism point of view.
We explain, for example, why the definition of the 4d WZW terms requires the spin structure.
We also discuss how the mixed anomaly involving the 1-form symmetry of SO QCD is reproduced in the low-energy sigma model.
Antiviral Activity of Extracts from the Daedaleopsis confragosa F-1368 Basidiomycete
Authors: Ilyicheva T.N. , Danilenko E.D. , Lebedev L.R.
Published: March 2021

The antiviral activity of extracts of the basidial fungus Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton) J. Schröt strain F-1368 cultivated under the laboratory conditions has been studied. It was shown that the extracts obtained from 1 L of the culture contained proteins and polysaccharides in the amount of 71±5 and 413±15 mg/L of culture, respectively. Antiviral activity (ED50) against the pandemic influenza virus A/California/07/09 (H1N1)pdm09 was observed at extract concentrations in the range of 0.02-0.12 mg/mL depending on the culture medium. The therapeutic index (CC50/ED50) was at the level of 14-17, which makes it possible to recommend D. confragosa extracts for the development of antiviral agents. It was shown that treatment with hydrolytic enzymes (trypsin, zymolyase) leads to an increase in cytotoxicity and a decrease in the antiviral activity of the extracts.

Daedaleopsis confragosa, basidomycetes, extracts, antiviral activity, influenza virus

The study was carried out according to the state assignment to FBRI SRC VB «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo.
Influence of Mono- and Oligosaccharides on the cbh1 Gene Transcripion in the Penicillium verruculosum Filamentous Fungus
Authors: Chulkin A.M. , Zorov I.N. , Shashkov I.A. , Satrutdinov A.D. , Sinitsyn A.P. , Rozhkova A.M.
Published: March 2021

A method has been developed for the analysis of the induction of the cbh1 gene transcription in the filamentous fungus Penicillium verruculosum after treatment with mono- and oligosaccharides. The method allows obtaining mRNA, which encodes cellobiohydrolase-1 (CBH1) in an amount sufficient for RT-PCR. Citrate, a compound that does not cause carbon catabolic repression, was used as a carbon source. It was shown for the first time that xylose, gentiobiose, and mainly cellobiose induce the expression of the cbh1 gene in P. verruculosum, while sophorose and a mixture of xylooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization from 3 to 5 are most likely to serve as precursors of inducers.

Penicillium verruculosum, qPCR, RT-PCR, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, inducer

The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) (grant no.18-29-07070).
Community of Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Bacteria in Petroleum Products on the example of Ts-1 Aviation Fuel and AI-95 Gasoline
Authors: Lobakova E.S. , Dolnikova G.A. , Ivanova E.A. , Sanjieva D.A. , Burova A.A. , Dzhabrailova Kh.S. , Dedov A.G.
Published: March 2021

It has been shown that the studied petroleum products (kerosene and gasoline) contain microflocules of heterogeneous microbial biofilms, the cells of which are integrated into a polymer matrix containing acidic polysaccharides. Thirteen bacterial strains were microbiologically isolated from petroleum products, and their taxonomy was identified by the 16S rRNA sequence. Kerosene was characterized by a diverse bacterial composition including the following genera: Sphingobacterium, Alcaligenes, Rhodococcus and Deinococcus, while gasoline bacterial community included only two genera: Bacillus and Paenibacillus. Representatives of the Deinococcus genera capable of growing on the hydrocarbons were isolated from fuels for the first time. The strains isolated from gasoline (Bacillus safensis Bi13 and Bacillus sp. Bi14) proved to be the most effective biodegraders of all n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas the kerosene strain Rhodococcus erythropolis Bi6 effectively decomposed n-alkanes and trimethylbenzene. Both types of petroleum products contained hydrocarbon-oxidizing communities, some members of which were more active in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, while others were capable of producing biosurfactants and had either emulsifying activity (Deinococcus sp. Bi7) or cell wall hydrophobicity (Sphingobacterium sp. Bi5 from kerosene; Bacillus pumilus Bi12 from gasoline) significantly higher than the average level. The indicated properties of the studied strains make them promising for use in bioremediation.

biodegradation, petroleum products, hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, bio-surfactants

The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (topic no. 10.5422.2017/8.9.). Investigation of microbial potential in the use hydrocarbons was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract no. 18-29-05067. Physicochemical research was performed within the framework of the state assignment to the TIPS RAS
Evaluation of the Virus Elimination and Inactivation at Different Stages of the Model Biotechnological Process for the Production of a Drug Based on the Monoclonal Antibody Fab-Fragment
Authors: Yurkov S.G. , Zhivoderov S.P , Koltsov A.Y. , Khamitov R.A. , Stratonova N.V. , Litvinova N.A.
Published: March 2021

Virus safety insuring is one of the most serious problems in the development of biotechnological drugs produced using animal cell lines. Quantitative assessment of virus removal and inactivation is an integral approach to show the reliability of the target compound production. In this work, the model experiments have been carried out on the purification of the monoclonal antibody recombinant Fab-fragment from viruses of various origins and properties: xenotropic murine leukemia virus (X-MuLV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), Reo-3 virus and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). It was shown that two methods, acidification to pH 3.2 and nanofiltration, made it possible to reduce the virus infectivity to levels undetectable in cell cultures (according to TCID50). The developed multistage purification process of the target protein provided an overall decrease in viral clearance to the following values: X-MuLV≥10.17lg, PRV≥13.98lg, Reo-3≥8.09lg and EMCV≥4.98lg. These results confirm that the developed technology ensures the virus safety during the production of a monoclonal antibody recombinant Fab-fragment by CHO cell line. These results confirm virus safety of production technology of recombinant monoclonal antibody Fab-fragment produced in CHO cell line.

virus safety, virus elimination, virus inactivation, nanofiltration, Fab-fragment, monoclonal antibody, CHO cell line
CHANGE IN EYE HYDRODYNAMICS AS A PATHOGENESIS FACTOR OF THE SPACE-FLIGHT ASSOCIATED NEURO-OCULAR SYNDROME (SANS)
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Man'ko О.М. , Smoleevsky А.Е. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Tomilovskaya Е.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2021

Studies of the mechanisms of visual analyzer adaptation in remote space missions are of paramount importance in the domain of space medicine. Pathogenesis of ocular nerve edema, the fundamental symptom of space-flight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), remains unclear. One of the hypothesized SANS trigger is a change of the pressure gradient in the sclera lattice coat of the membrane due to fluctuations of both the intracranial and intraocular pressures in the absence of gravity. This work extended the previous studies of ocular hydrodynamics during 5-day simulation of the microgravity body effects by dry immersion. We present the results of intraocular hydrobalance analysis after 21-d DI with participation of 8 male subjects at the age of 24 to 35 years. Data of electron tonography and diurnal intraocular pressure measurements were correlated with the fluid balance dynamics. Ocular hydrodynamics disbalance was registered in 80 % of the subjects. Tonography revealed clinically significant changes in 25 % of the subjects. These results enabled determination of the degree and character of ocular hydrodynamics autoregulation in the condition of compensatory body hypohydration.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR DIRECT MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES USING POROUS SAMPLERS
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Levin R.E. , Shamraeva M.A. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Larina I.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Bormotov D.S. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Pekov S.I. ,   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Shivalin A.S. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Silkin S.V. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Eliferov V.A. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Bocharov K.V. ,   Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physic of RAS, Moscow, Nikolaev E.N. ,   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Popov I.A. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow region
Published: March 2021

The paper presents a method for rapid multi-omics investigation of biological samples using polypropylene bulk porous samplers. The use of porous samplers makes it easy to collect samples from the surface of the skin, mucous membranes, and biological fluids even in a field, and the surfaces of wounds and injuries. Collected samples do not require special storage conditions, and the samplers are lightweight and very compact. They can be used to monitor the condition of cosmonauts before, during, and after the spaceflight with the same sample collection method. The analysis of biomaterial applied to the sampler is performed using direct mass spectrometry methods, similar to the dried blood spot technique that is already used in clinical practice. However, bulk porous samplers allow expanding the range of analytes ionization conditions, which increases the stability and reliability of the ionization process, which expands the variety of analyzed molecules. The proposed method can be used to study compounds of various classes, including proteins, lipids, and metabolites, to systematically monitor the status of people in extreme conditions (athletes, astronauts), or to study the condition of patients in the clinic.
Uma possibilidade de reconstrução do laço social entre professores, alunos e comunidade
Authors: Ratto Cleber Gibbon , Silva Jeferson Luis da , Pereira Marcelo Almeida de Camargo
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo é oriundo de uma atividade proposta para professores da rede pública, em um curso de formação pedagógica, onde foram produzidas narrativas individuais sobre os desafios para uma melhor aprendizagem dos alunos. De posse dessas narrativas buscamos encontrar uma característica comum capaz de promover um diálogo reflexivo. Adotamos a técnica de análise textual discursiva dando origem a três categorias: Motivação, Tecnologia digital e Aprendizagem Significativa. Identificamos nos professores um certo sentimento de isolamento, causado pela falta de interesse dos alunos e da comunidade nas atividades escolares. Concluímos apontando para relevância do pensamento e do exercício hermenêutico enquanto diálogo ético na reconstrução do laço social entre professores, alunos e comunidade.
A Educação De Jovens E Adultos pautada na cidadania e na construção do sujeito social: um estudo de caso nas escolas estaduais Professor Nelson Barros e Batista Neves
Authors: Souza Fábio Pereira de , Matta Alfredo Eurico Rodrigues , Amorim Antonio
Published: March 2021

Este artigo disserta sobre a construção do ser social e a formação cidadã dentro da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, em um estudo de caso com alunos do Colégio Estadual Professor Nelson Barros e do Colégio Estadual Batista Neves, ambos em Salvador. É uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa que visa analisar em conjunto com as perspectivas vygotskyanas e as contribuições de autores como Bakhtin, Freire e Santos como a EJA impacta nas histórias de vida dessas pessoas e na sua construção social. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que, por mais que a EJA desempenhe a ação de reparação do direito à educação para todos, as práticas pedagógicas não obtêm resultados equânimes nas escolas, proporcionando ao aluno o acesso à informação, mas não promovendo entre estes uma abordagem que fomente a cidadania enquanto práxis.
A Teoria da Complexidade e o ensino de saberes anátomo-fisiológicos em uma licenciatura em Educação Física
Authors: Franco Victor Hugo Pereira , Saint’clair Emerson da Mota , Maldonado Daniel Teixeira
Published: March 2021

O objetivo desse relato de experiência foi descrever as experiências pedagógicas de um docente ao ensinar conteúdos anátomo-fisiológicos (corpo humano) de forma complexa em uma Licenciatura em Educação Física. Para alcançar esse objetivo, esse texto apresenta um relato de experiência vivido em um componente curricular chamado de “Estudos do Funcionamento Corporal” em uma Licenciatura em Educação Física. Ao fim do mesmo percebe-se que a principal mudança que ocorreu com a adoção da Teoria da Complexidade como eixo epistemológico nessa Licenciatura foi o enfoque pedagógico, uma vez que o conteúdo em si não se modificou, ou seja, o que mudou foi a estratégia de ensinar e o olhar transdisciplinar sobre os conteúdos.
The Effect of Natural Soluble Polysaccharides on the Type 2 Diabetes through Modulating Gut Microbiota: A Review
Authors: Yang Lina , Li Li , Wu Xinghui , Cai Wenqi , Lin Qian , Zhu Danshi , Liu He
Published: March 2021

Diabetes strongly influences the patient’s quality of life. The incidence of type
2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for approximately 90% of diabetic patients. Natural
polysaccharides have been widely used for diabetes management. Changes in gut microbiota
can also be used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. In this review, the effects
of different natural polysaccharides on gut microbiota, as well as the relationship between
diabetes and the gut microbiome are summarized. The intestine is the primary location
in which natural polysaccharides exert their biological activities and plays an important
role in maintaining healthy bodily functions. Polysaccharides change the composition
of the gut microbiota, which inhibits pathogen invasion and promotes beneficial bacterial
growth. In addition, the gut microbiota degrade polysaccharides and produce
metabolites to further modify the intestinal environment. Interestingly, the metabolites
(short chain fatty acids and other bioactive components) have been shown to improve gut
health, control glycemia, lower lipids, reduce insulin resistance, and alleviate inflammation.
Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms by which soluble
polysaccharides improve T2D through regulating the gut microbiota and provide a future
reference for the management of T2D and its associated complications.
Bladder Cancer: Update on Risk Factors, Molecular and Ultrastructural
Patterns
Authors: Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Pechnikova Valentina V. , Pshikhachev Akhmed M. , Rogov Konstantin A. , Gusniev Magomed A. , Patsap Olga I. , Vasyukova Olesya A. , Akopyan Emma P. , Beylerli Ozal , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: March 2021

Objective:

The molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer development and progression are not clear. Bladder cancer is an important focus for epidemiological studies and understanding clinical implications.

Goal:

The primary aim of prevention is achieved by limiting exposure to non-genetic risk factors such as smoking, diet, arsenic in drinking water, or aromatic amines at work or elsewhere. Current therapies for bladder cancer are affected by tumor morphology and associated acquired genetic mutations.

Methods:

A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, Google, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases to find studies of bladder cancer published between 1984 and early 2020. The focus was articles that address epidemiological risk factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanism. Articles were selected that enabled our review of these factors as well as molecular and structural patterns.

Results:

There are multiple views of bladder cancer. The literature offers a number of novel insights regarding the development and progression of bladder cancer and possible biomarkers that may be useful in clinical and diagnostic practice.

Conclusion:

There are several molecular pathways associated with bladder cancer that are frequently updated. In addition, genetic subtypes of bladder tumors are not distinguished clearly that requires future more detailed analysis.