bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interwar statistics, colonial demography, and the making of the twentieth-century refugee
Authors: Schult Anne
Published: July 2022

The historiography of the twentieth-century refugee typically unfolds as a tale of national displacement followed by international surrogate protection. This article challenges that narrative by reframing the modern refugee as an emerging category of statistics and demography. Focusing on the world’s first international refugee survey, which was led by former British colonial administrator John Hope Simpson in 1937–39, the article situates the attempt to count and classify refugees across borders within scientific debates on global population control and white resettlement. While refugees’ mobility initially eluded established parameters of national demographic measurement, Hope Simpson drew on precedents of census work and migration schemes within the British Empire to counter their unpredictability. Revealing how the tenet of colonial demography shaped mid-century views on the ‘refugee problem’, the article broadens the space of refugee history beyond nation states and international institutions and emphasizes the relevance of statistics in turning refugees into a global post-war category.
Selbstmitgefühl mediiert den Zusammenhang zwischen dysfunktionalen Persönlichkeitsstilen und der mentalen Gesundheit depressiver Patient_innen
Authors: Reichl Daniela , Schlaf Kathrin N. , Wickles Jürgen , Steins-Loeber Sabine
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Ein selbstunsicherer und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstil scheinen positiv mit Symptomschwere und negativ mit Lebenszufriedenheit bei depressiven Personen zusammenzuhängen. Selbstmitgefühl könnte hierbei eine vermittelnde Rolle spielen. Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte, ob ein geringeres Selbstmitgefühl den Zusammenhang eines selbstunsicheren bzw. Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstils mit geringerer Lebenszufriedenheit und höherer Symptomschwere vermittelt. Methode: In einer Querschnitts-Erhebung beantworteten 78 ambulante Patient_innen mit Majorer Depression Fragebögen zu Selbstmitgefühl, Lebenszufriedenheit, depressiver Symptomschwere und Persönlichkeitsstilen. Anschließend wurden Mediationsanalysen berechnet. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse implizieren, dass ein geringeres Selbstmitgefühl den Zusammenhang zwischen einem selbstunsicheren Stil und depressiver Symptomschwere vermittelt. Insbesondere eine ausgeprägtere Selbstverurteilung vermittelte den Zusammenhang zwischen einem selbstunsicheren bzw. Borderline-Stil und geringerer Lebenszufriedenheit. Schlussfolgerungen: Selbstmitgefühl zu stärken und insbesondere Selbstverurteilung zu reduzieren könnte bei depressiven Patient_innen mit selbstunsicherem oder Borderline-Stil ein Ansatzpunkt zur Verbesserung der mentalen Gesundheit sein, was in Interventionsstudien untersucht werden sollte. Limitationen der Studie sind das querschnittliche Design und die geringe interne Konsistenz einzelner Selbstmitgefühls-Facetten.
Verhaltensanalysen und objektive Merkmalsbeurteilungen bei Personen mit olfaktorischer Referenzstörung
Authors: Schmidt Vivienne R. L. , Heinrichs Nina , Grocholewski Anja
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Personen mit olfaktorischer Referenzstörung (ORS) befürchten einen unangenehmen Körpergeruch zu verbreiten. Für andere ist dieser Geruch jedoch nicht objektivierbar. Fragestellung: Studienziele waren, zu eruieren, welche Situationen bei Betroffenen spezifische Verhaltens- und Denkmuster auslösen, welche Emotionen, Kognitionen, Körperempfindungen und Verhaltensweisen beschrieben werden, und wie diese Personen auf Andere bezüglich Aussehen, Habitus und Körpergeruch wirken. Methode: 38 ORS-Betroffene und 38 gematchte Kontrollpersonen durchliefen qualitative Interviews, es wurden Videoaufnahmen (Habitus), Fotos (Aussehen) und Schweißproben (Körpergeruch) durch unabhängige, verblindete Personen beurteilt. Ergebnisse: Als auslösende Situationen werden überwiegend soziale Situationen beschrieben. Als Reaktionen werden Sicherheitsverhalten (motorisch), Scham (affektiv), Selbstabwertungen (kognitiv) und Schwitzen (vegetativ) am häufigsten genannt. Die objektiven Beurteilungen unterschieden sich nicht signifikant zwischen den Gruppen. Diskussion: Es sind vorwiegend soziale Situationen, die ORS-spezifische Symptome auslösen. Dabei lassen sich die befürchteten Symptome (insbesondere der unangenehme Geruch oder die negative soziale Bewertung) durch unabhängige Beurteilende nicht objektivieren, was den sozialen Aspekt der Befürchtungen verdeutlichen könnte.
Atmospheric Rivers Help Coastal Wetlands Build Up Sediment
Authors: Scammell Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Accounting for these storms and flooding can help experts predict and respond to rising sea levels.
Creating Connections: A Feasibility Study of a Technology-Based Intervention to Support Mothers of Newborns During Pediatric Well-Visits
Authors: McGoron Lucy , O’Neal Tina , Savastano Giovanna E. , Roberts Kathryn L. , Richardson Patricia A. , Bocknek Erika L.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Intervention in the earliest period of parenthood can make a strong, positive impact on parenting, yet engaging parents of newborns in parenting interventions can be difficult. Technological adaptation of important interventions can improve early engagement. This study reports the initial feasibility of the Creating Connections intervention, a technology-based intervention developed to support mothers of newborns, and feasibility of evaluating the intervention through a randomized clinical trial in pediatric primary care. The intervention includes: (a) a brief tablet-based intervention delivered during a newborn well-child pediatric check-up, and (b) tailored text messages delivered thereafter to boost intervention content. Intervention content includes empirically-supported aspects of parenting behaviors known to positively influence children’s social-emotional development.

Method:

Project recruitment took place in an ambulatory care pediatric clinic in a large Midwestern city. Mothers received information about infant soothing, book sharing, or both.

Results:

One-hundred and three parents learned about the program and 72 participated. Mothers were primarily Black/African American with incomes at or below $30,000. Only 50% of mothers that received text messages through the program completed follow-up, but these mothers gave overall positive ratings of text messages.

Conclusions:

Program engagement and ratings of parents support feasibility, but retention rates need improvement. Based on barriers and successes of this investigation, lessons learned about feasibility and acceptability are discussed.

Implications for Impact Statement

This brief report describes a unique approach to using technology as part of a pediatric visit to deliver information to mothers of newborns aimed at promoting bonding.
Expert consensus on early childhood caries management
Authors: Zou Jing , Du Qin , Ge Lihong , Wang Jun , Wang Xiaojing , Li Yuqing , Song Guangtai , Zhao Wei , Chen Xu , Jiang Beizhan , Mei Yufeng , Huang Yang , Deng Shuli , Zhang Hongmei , Li Yanhong , Zhou Xuedong
Published: July 2022

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant chronic disease of childhood and a rising public health burden worldwide. ECC may cause a higher risk of new caries lesions in both primary and permanent dentition, affecting lifelong oral health. The occurrence of ECC has been closely related to the core microbiome change in the oral cavity, which may be influenced by diet habits, oral health management, fluoride use, and dental manipulations. So, it is essential to improve parental oral health and awareness of health care, to establish a dental home at the early stage of childhood, and make an individualized caries management plan. Dental interventions according to the minimally invasive concept should be carried out to treat dental caries. This expert consensus mainly discusses the etiology of ECC, caries-risk assessment of children, prevention and treatment plan of ECC, aiming to achieve lifelong oral health.
Genomic palaeoparasitology traced the occurrence of Taenia asiatica in ancient Iran (Sassanid Empire, 2th cent. CE–6th cent. CE)
Authors: Askari Zeynab , Ruehli Frank , Bouwman Abigail , Shariati Vahid , Naddaf Saied Reza , Otranto Domenico , Mas-Coma Santiago , Rezaeian Mostafa , Boenke Nicole , Stöllner Thomas , Aali Abolfazl , Mobedi Iraj , Mowlavi Gholamreza
Published: July 2022

Palaeoparasitology investigates parasitological infections in animals and humans of past distance by examining biological remains. Palaeofaeces (or coprolites) are biological remains that provide valuable information on the disease, diet, and population movements in ancient times. Today, advances in detecting ancient DNA have cast light on dark corners that microscopy could never reach. The archaeological site of the Chehrabad salt mine of Achaemenid (550–330 BC) and Sassanid (third–seventh century AD) provides remains of various biotic and abiotic samples, including animal coprolites, for multidisciplinary studies. In the present work, we investigated coprolites for helminth eggs and larvae by microscopy and traced their biological agents’ DNA by Next Generation Sequencing. Our results revealed various helminths, includingTaenia asiatica, the species introduced in the 1990s. Implementing advanced modern molecular techniques like NGS gives a paramount view of pathogenic agents in space and time.
Agronomic and metabolomics analysis of rice-Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn) bred by hybridization
Authors: Wang Yan , Guan Zhixiu , Liang Chenggang , Liao Kai , Xiang Dabing , Huang Juan , Wei Chunyu , Shi Taoxiong , Chen Qingfu
Published: July 2022

Tartary buckwheat (TB) is an edible pseudocereal with good health benefits, but its adhering thick shell and bitter taste inhibit its consumption. In this study, the first hybrid rice-Tartary buckwheat (RTB) variety Mikuqiao18 (M18), bred by the pedigree selection of crossbreeding ‘Miqiao’ (MQ) with ‘Jingqiaomai2’ (JQ2), was selected for an agronomic and metabolomics analysis. Compared with JQ2, M18 demonstrated a significantly lower yield per plant owing to the decreased grain weight and similar full-filling grain number per plant. However, M18 had a similar kernel weight per plant because of the thinner shell. The sense organ test suggested that M18 had higher taste quality regardless of partial replacement of rice through the improvement of preponderant indicators related to cereal taste quality, including lower values of total protein, albumin, glutelin, globulin, pasting temperature, cool paste viscosity, and setback. Meanwhile, M18 contained high levels of flavonoids, including rutin and quercetin, but presented a positive summary appraisal of cooking with 25% rice. Additionally, 92 metabolites were positively identified by GC–MS, including 59 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between M18 and JQ2. Typically, M18 exhibited lower levels of 20 amino acids and higher levels of 6 sugars and 4 polyols. These DEMs might partly explain the superior eating quality of M18. In addition, M18 was abundant in 4-aminobutyric acid, which is beneficial to human health. The current findings offer a theoretical foundation for breeding rice-Tartary buckwheat with high yield and quality and promoting the cultivation and consumption of rice-Tartary buckwheat as a daily functional cereal.
Inhibition of microRNA-33b specifically ameliorates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation via suppression of inflammatory pathways
Authors: Yamasaki Tomohiro , Horie Takahiro , Koyama Satoshi , Nakao Tetsushi , Baba Osamu , Kimura Masahiro , Sowa Naoya , Sakamoto Kazuhisa , Yamazaki Kazuhiro , Obika Satoshi , Kasahara Yuuya , Kotera Jun , Oka Kozo , Fujita Ryo , Sasaki Takashi , Takemiya Akihiro , Hasegawa Koji , Minatoya Kenji , Kimura Takeshi , Ono Koh
Published: July 2022

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a lethal disease, but no beneficial therapeutic agents have been established to date. Previously, we found that AAA formation is suppressed in microRNA (miR)-33-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Mice have only one miR-33, but humans have two miR-33 s, miR-33a and miR-33b. The data so far strongly support that inhibiting miR-33a or miR-33b will be a new strategy to treat AAA. We produced two specific anti-microRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs) that may inhibit miR-33a and miR-33b, respectively. In vitro studies showed that the AMO against miR-33b was more effective; therefore, we examined the in vivo effects of this AMO in a calcium chloride (CaCl2)-induced AAA model in humanized miR-33b knock-in mice. In this model, AAA was clearly improved by application of anti-miR-33b. To further elucidate the mechanism, we evaluated AAA 1 week after CaCl2 administration to examine the effect of anti-miR-33b. Histological examination revealed that the number of MMP-9-positive macrophages and the level of MCP-1 in the aorta of mice treated with anti-miR-33b was significantly reduced, and the serum lipid profile was improved compared with mice treated with control oligonucleotides. These results support that inhibition of miR-33b is effective in the treatment for AAA.
Luminescence encoding of polymer microbeads with organic dyes and semiconductor quantum dots during polymerization
Authors: Scholtz Lena , Eckert J. Gerrit , Elahi Toufiq , Lübkemann Franziska , Hübner Oskar , Bigall Nadja C. , Resch-Genger Ute
Published: July 2022

Luminescence-encoded microbeads are important tools for many applications in the life and material sciences that utilize luminescence detection as well as multiplexing and barcoding strategies. The preparation of such beads often involves the staining of premanufactured beads with molecular luminophores using simple swelling procedures or surface functionalization with layer-by-layer (LbL) techniques. Alternatively, these luminophores are sterically incorporated during the polymerization reaction yielding the polymer beads. The favorable optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), which present broadly excitable, size-tunable, narrow emission bands and low photobleaching sensitivity, triggered the preparation of beads stained with QDs. However, the colloidal nature and the surface chemistry of these QDs, which largely controls their luminescence properties, introduce new challenges to bead encoding that have been barely systematically assessed. To establish a straightforward approach for the bead encoding with QDs with minimized loss in luminescence, we systematically assessed the incorporation of oleic acid/oleylamine-stabilized CdSe/CdS-core/shell-QDs into 0.5–2.5 µm-sized polystyrene (PS) microspheres by a simple dispersion polymerization synthesis that was first optimized with the organic dye Nile Red. Parameters addressed for the preparation of luminophore-encoded beads include the use of a polymer-compatible ligand such as benzyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride (OBDAC) for the QDs, and crosslinking to prevent luminophore leakage. The physico-chemical and optical properties of the resulting beads were investigated with electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, optical spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Particle size distribution, fluorescence quantum yield of the encapsulated QDs, and QD leaking stability were used as measures for bead quality. The derived optimized bead encoding procedure enables the reproducible preparation of bright PS microbeads encoded with organic dyes as well as with CdSe/CdS-QDs. Although these beads show a reduced photoluminescence quantum yield compared to the initially very strongly luminescent QDs, with values of about 35%, their photoluminescence quantum yield is nevertheless still moderate.
Non-monotonous dose response function of the termination of spiral wave chaos
Authors: Lilienkamp Thomas , Parlitz Ulrich , Luther Stefan
Published: July 2022

The conventional termination technique of life threatening cardiac arrhythmia like ventricular fibrillation is the application of a high-energy electrical defibrillation shock, coming along with severe side-effects. In order to improve the current treatment reducing these side-effects, the application of pulse sequences of lower energy instead of a single high-energy pulse are promising candidates. In this study, we show that in numerical simulations the dose-response function of pulse sequences applied to two-dimensional spiral wave chaos is not necessarily monotonously increasing, but exhibits a non-trivial frequency dependence. This insight into crucial phenomena appearing during termination attempts provides a deeper understanding of the governing termination mechanisms in general, and therefore may open up the path towards an efficient termination of cardiac arrhythmia in the future.
A non-invasive multipoint product temperature measurement for pharmaceutical lyophilization
Authors: Jiang Xiaofan , Kazarin Petr , Sinanis Michael D. , Darwish Ahmad , Raghunathan Nithin , Alexeenko Alina , Peroulis Dimitrios
Published: July 2022

Monitoring product temperature during lyophilization is critical, especially during the process development stage, as the final product may be jeopardized if its process temperature exceeds a threshold value. Also, in-situ temperature monitoring of the product gives the capability of creating an optimized closed-loop lyophilization process. While conventional thermocouples can track product temperature, they are invasive, limited to a single-point measurement, and can significantly alter the freezing and drying behavior of the product in the monitored vial. This work has developed a new methodology that combines non-invasive temperature monitoring and comprehensive modeling. It allows the accurate reconstruction of the complete temperature profile of the product inside the vial during the lyophilization process. The proposed methodology is experimentally validated by combining the sensors’ wirelessly collected data with the advanced multiphysics simulations. The flexible wireless multi-point temperature sensing probe is produced using micro-manufacturing techniques and attached outside the vial, allowing for accurate extraction of the product temperature.
Reprocessed magnetorheological elastomers with reduced carbon footprint and their piezoresistive properties
Authors: Munteanu A. , Ronzova A. , Kutalkova E. , Drohsler P. , Moucka R. , Kracalik M. , Bilek O. , Mazlan S. A. , Sedlacik M.
Published: July 2022

Despite the vast amount of studies based on magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), a very limited number of investigations have been initiated on their reprocessing. This paper presents a new type of recyclable MRE which is composed of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and carbonyl iron particles (CI). The chosen TPU can be processed using injection moulding (IM), followed by several reprocessing cycles while preserving its properties. Numerous types of injection moulded and reprocessed MREs have been prepared for various particle concentrations. The effect of thermo-mechanical degradation on the recycled MREs has been investigated while simulating the reprocessing procedure. An apparent decrease in molecular weight was observed for all the examined matrices during the reprocessing cycles. These changes are attributed to the intermolecular bonding between the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the CI particles and the matrix which is studied in depth. The effect of reprocessing and the presence of magnetic particles is evaluated via tensile test, magnetorheology and piezoresistivity. These characterization techniques prove that the properties of our MREs are preserved at an acceptable level despite using 100% of recyclates while in real applications only up to 30% of recycled material is generally used.
Key regulatory pathways, microRNAs, and target genes participate in adventitious root formation of Acer rubrum L
Authors: Zhu Wenpeng , Zhang Manyu , Li Jianyi , Zhao Hewen , Zhang Kezhong , Ge Wei
Published: July 2022

Red maple (Acer rubrumL.) is a type of colorful ornamental tree with great economic value. Because this tree is difficult to root under natural conditions and the seedling survival rate is low, vegetative propagation methods are often used. Because the formation of adventitious roots (ARs) is essential for the asexual propagation ofA. rubrum, it is necessary to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of AR formation inA. rubrum. To address this knowledge gap, we sequenced the transcriptome and small RNAs (sRNAs) of theA. rubrumvariety ‘Autumn Fantasy’ using high-throughput sequencing and explored changes in gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression in response to exogenous auxin treatment. We identified 82,468 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the treated and untreated ARs, as well as 48 known and 95 novel miRNAs. We also identified 172 target genes of the known miRNAs using degradome sequencing. Two key regulatory pathways (ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and plant hormone signal transduction),Ar-miR160aand the target geneauxin response factor 10(ArARF10) were selected based on KEGG pathway and cluster analyses. We further investigated the expression patterns and regulatory roles ofArARF10through subcellular localization, transcriptional activation, plant transformation, qRT-PCR analysis, and GUS staining. Experiments overexpressingArARF10andAr-miR160a, indicated thatArARF10promoted AR formation, whileAr-miR160ainhibited AR formation. Transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs related to auxin regulation that promote AR formation inA. rubrumwere identified. Differential expression patterns indicated theAr-miR160a-ArARF10interaction might play a significant role in the regulation of AR formation inA. rubrum. Our study provided new insights into mechanisms underlying the regulation of AR formation inA. rubrum.
Neonatal outcomes in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes at periviable gestational age
Authors: Herzlich Jacky , Mangel Laurence , Halperin Ariel , Lubin Daniel , Marom Ronella
Published: July 2022

To examine the outcomes of preterm infants born to women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) at periviable gestational age. This is an observational retrospective cohort study analyzing data collected on singleton deliveries complicated by prolonged premature rupture of membranes occurring between 17 and 33 weeks of gestation. Neonatal outcomes including birth weight, Apgar score, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, hearing impairment and mortality were evaluated. Ninety-four preterm infants who were born after a prolonged premature rupture of membranes of at least 7 days were included in the study. Median gestational week at onset of membrane rupture was 27.1 ± 4.2 weeks (range 17–33) and median latency period in days was 16 ± 21.8 (range 7–105). The cohort was stratified by gestational week (GW) at onset of PPROM (group 1: 17–23, group 2: 24–27, and group 3: 28–33). We found that the survival rate to discharge within neonates born after prolonged rupture of membrane at gestational week less than 24 weeks is 79.2% and 88.9% in group 2. These neonates did not show an increased rate of major morbidities compared to neonates born following membrane rupture at gestational week 24 to 27. We described a high survival rate to discharge without major morbidities following prolonged preterm membrane rupture of at least 7 days of latency before viability.
Multi-omics study identifies novel signatures of DNA/RNA, amino acid, peptide, and lipid metabolism by simulated diabetes on coronary endothelial cells
Authors: Moreno-Ulloa Aldo , Delgado-De la Herrán Hilda Carolina , Álvarez-Delgado Carolina , Mendoza-Porras Omar , Carballo-Castañeda Rommel A. , Donis-Maturano Luis , Villarreal Francisco
Published: July 2022

Coronary artery endothelial cells (CAEC) exert an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Dysfunction of CAEC is associated with cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, comprehensive studies of the effects that a diabetic environment exerts on this cellular type are scarce. The present study characterized the molecular perturbations occurring on cultured bovine CAEC subjected to a prolonged diabetic environment (high glucose and high insulin). Changes at the metabolite and peptide level were assessed by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS2) and chemoinformatics. The results were integrated with published LC–MS2-based quantitative proteomics on the same in vitro model. Our findings were consistent with reports on other endothelial cell types and identified novel signatures of DNA/RNA, amino acid, peptide, and lipid metabolism in cells under a diabetic environment. Manual data inspection revealed disturbances on tryptophan catabolism and biosynthesis of phenylalanine-based, glutathione-based, and proline-based peptide metabolites. Fluorescence microscopy detected an increase in binucleation in cells under treatment that also occurred when human CAEC were used. This multi-omics study identified particular molecular perturbations in an induced diabetic environment that could help unravel the mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease in subjects with T2DM.
Parental competition for the regulators of chromatin dynamics in mouse zygotes
Authors: Ooga Masatoshi , Inoue Rei , Kazama Kousuke , Wakayama Sayaka , Kamimura Satoshi , Wakayama Teruhiko
Published: July 2022

The underlying mechanism for parental asymmetric chromatin dynamics is still unclear. To reveal this, we investigate chromatin dynamics in parthenogenetic, androgenic, and several types of male germ cells-fertilized zygotes. Here we illustrate that parental conflicting role mediates the regulation of chromatin dynamics. Sperm reduces chromatin dynamics in both parental pronuclei (PNs). During spermiogenesis, male germ cells acquire this reducing ability and its resistance. On the other hand, oocytes can increase chromatin dynamics. Notably, the oocytes-derived chromatin dynamics enhancing ability is dominant for the sperm-derived opposing one. This maternal enhancing ability is competed between parental pronuclei. Delayed fertilization timing is critical for this competition and compromises parental asymmetric chromatin dynamics and zygotic transcription. Together, parental competition for the maternal factor enhancing chromatin dynamics is a determinant to establish parental asymmetry, and paternal repressive effects have supporting roles to enhance asymmetry.
Carrier-envelope-phase measurement of sub-cycle UV pulses using angular photofragment distributions
Authors: Dong Xiao Xia , Liu Yan Rong , Kimberg Victor , Vendrell Oriol , Wu Yong , Wang Jian Guo , Chen Jing , Zhang Song Bin
Published: July 2022

Carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) of sub-cycle ultraviolet (UV) pulse strongly influences the dynamics of quantum systems, but its characterization is not accessible experimentally. Here we investigate photodissociation of a diatomic molecule from its ground-rovibrational state in a linearly polarized weak sub-cycle UV pulse with a controlled CEP. The angular distribution of photofragments shows an asymmetric profile deviating from the well-known $${\cos }^{2}$$

cos

2

- or $${\sin }^{2}$$

sin

2

-like ones, which can be identified as a way to imprint CEP. We unveil that such an effect stems from the temporal neighboring rotational excitation by molecular permanent dipole interaction through the joint contributions between counter-rotating and rotating terms. This in turn, opens different pathways in photodissociation dynamics. Given that the temporal excitation between various states with close energies can be manipulated by CEP of sub-cycle UV pulses, our results pave ways for understanding and manipulating electron, nuclear and their joint dynamics with variation of CEP of attosecond pulses.
Piezoelectric induced reverse photocatalytic performances of carbon nitride with different structures
Authors: Zhang Haoqing , Xia Zhonghui , Niu Ping , Zhi Xiaojuan , Dai Rui , Chen Silin , Wang Shulan , Li Li
Published: July 2022

The piezoelectric properties of graphitic carbon nitride with different structures follow the order PTI > melon > PHI, and the melon and PHI showed reverse activities in the photocatalytic and piezoelectric assisted photocatalytic reactions.
Catalytic selective oxidation of aromatic amines to azoxy derivatives with an ultralow loading of peroxoniobate salts
Authors: Ding Bingjie , Xu Beibei , Ding Zuoji , Zhang Tong , Wang Yajun , Qiu Hewen , He Jingjing , An Pengfei , Yao Yefeng , Hou Zhenshan
Published: July 2022

Tartaric acid-coordinated peroxoniobate salts demonstrate an exceptionally high TOF value (up to 4435 h−1) even at an ultralow catalyst loading for the oxidation of aromatic amines to azoxy compounds under green and very mild conditions.
Traceless proton aided regioselective C(sp2)–C(sp2) construction to synthesize C6-acylated purines and purine nucleosides without metal catalysts
Authors: Yu Mingwu , Zhou Zheng , Zou Chunhui , Wang Zhichuan , Wang Weili , Sun Kai
Published: July 2022

Expeditious highly C6-regioselective acylation of purines and purine nucleosides via a traceless proton aided approach at room temperature without metal catalysts is reported for the first time.
The synthesis of diverse benzazepinoindoles via gold-catalyzed post-Ugi alkyne hydroarylation/Michael addition sequence
Authors: Liu Chao , Van Meervelt Luc , Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: July 2022

By combining an Ugi-4CR and a gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization, diverse benzazepinoindoles are assembled in a step-economical, chemo- and regioselectivity fashion.
Promotion of collagen mineralization and dentin repair by succinates
Authors: Jin Wenjing , Jin Yeli , Duan Pengqiang , Wu Haiyan , Zhang Leiqing , Du Qiaolin , Pan Haihua , Tang Ruikang , Shao Changyu
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate that the small biomolecule, SA, could significantly promote collagen mineralization by improving the physicochemical properties of the collagen-mineral interface.
Investigations on electron beam irradiated rare-earth doped SrF2 for application as low fading dosimeter material: evidence for and DFT simulation of a radiation-induced phase
Authors: Arnold Michael , Katzmann Julia , Naik Aakash , Görne Arno L. , Härtling Thomas , George Janine , Schuster Christiane
Published: July 2022

A recent approach to measure electron radiation doses in the kGy range is the use of phosphors with an irradiation dose-dependent luminescence decay time.
Understanding and minimizing non-radiative recombination losses in perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Cheng Huiyuan , Feng Yaomiao , Fu Yu , Zheng Yifan , Shao Yuchuan , Bai Yang
Published: July 2022

This review analyses predominant pathways of non-radiative recombination losses in perovskite light-emitting diodes, followed by a summary of recent advances in reducing such losses as well as future directions toward the radiative limit.
Synthetic Approaches to Diospongins: A Two Decade Journey
Authors: Tadiparthi Krishnaji , Chatterjee Sourav
Published: July 2022

Tetrahydropyran units having multiple stereogenic centers serve as excellent building blocks for various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In particular, the presence of the unique molecular architecture of the trisubstituted tetrahydropyran (THP) unit in diospongins enhances their biological activity due to multiple stereogenic centers and has attracted attention from the synthetic community over the last two decades. In this review, we discuss synthetic approaches to chiral and racemic forms of diospongins during the period 2006–2020 in chronological order.
Preoperative Chemoradiation versus Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Resectable Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Abbas Waseem , Pandit Archit , Goel Vineeta , Aggarwal Anjali , Acharya Rudra Prasad
Published: July 2022

Preoperative chemotherapy and preoperative chemoradiation, both improve survival for locally advanced esophageal cancer proven in randomized trials and metanalysis. Limited data are available comparing these preoperative therapies especially in non-gastroesophageal junction squamous cell cancer of esophagus. In this retrospective analysis, 69 eligible patients of locally advanced esophageal cancer, who underwent preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery or chemotherapy followed by surgery at our center were analyzed. The end points of study were overall survival, disease free survival, and histopathological response. Three weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin was used as neoadjuvant chemotherapy and weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin were used with radiation as per standard protocol. Median follow-up time was 35 months for surviving patients. Median overall survival was 44 months (95% CI 27.2–62.7) in chemoradiation group and it was not reached in the chemotherapy arm (p-value −0.832). The median disease-free survival for patients who underwent preoperative chemoradiation was 41 months and 34 months in preoperative chemotherapy group (p-value −0.812). Seven of 41 patients (17.1%) in chemoradiation group were circumferential resection margin (CRM) positive as compared with six of 28 (21.4%) in chemotherapy group (p = 0.650). A pathological complete response was seen in 13 (31.7%) patients in chemoradiation group and seven (21.4) patients in chemotherapy group. There was no survival advantage for preoperative chemoradiotherapy compared with preoperative chemotherapy in patients with predominant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of locally advanced esophageal cancer. Despite the non-significant improvement from preoperative chemoradiation with respect to CRM positivity and pathological complete response rates, there was no difference in overall survival or disease-free survival.
Ewing's Sarcoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract—A Case Series
Authors: Thambi Sugeeth M. , Nair P Sindhu
Published: July 2022

Ewing's sarcoma is a neoplasm of the undifferentiated small round cells, which generally affects the bone and deep soft tissues of children and adolescents. Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcomas are less common than skeletal Ewing's sarcoma with the most common sites being chest wall, retroperitoneal space, lower extremities, paravertebral region, and gluteal region. Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract is rare. The rarity of cases, lack of specific literature, or guidelines for treatment and varying presentations make these cases challenging to diagnose and to treat. In this series, we share our experience from a tertiary cancer care center in South India. By our knowledge, this is the first case series in literature sharing the experience from a single center in treating four cases of gastrointestinal Ewing's sarcoma.
Obstructed Inguinal Littre’s Hernia: A Vague Presentation
Authors: Kulkarni Narendra D. , Adhikari Geet , Jadhav Gauri S.
Published: July 2022

Littre’s hernia (LH) is a very rare presentation in patients presenting with hernias. It is the presence of Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) in a hernia sac. However, it usually presents with obstruction or strangulation. We are reporting here a case of Littre’s hernia in a 42-year-old male patient who presented with an irreducible swelling in the left inguinal region. The diagnosis of an incarcerated indirect inguinal hernia was made preoperatively. Intraoperative finding was however an obstructed Littre’s hernia with Meckel’s diverticulum in a very uniquely appearing hernia sac. The patient was successfully managed by resection of the MD along with ileal segment, primary anastomosis, and mesh hernioplasty on the inguinal floor.
The Impact of Anxiety and Depression on Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study among Medical Students in Syria
Authors: Jamil Hasan , Alakkari Mohab , Al-Mahini Mohammed Saleem , Alsayid Muhammad , Al Jandali Omar
Published: July 2022

Background The National Medical Unified Examination (NMUE) is a milestone in the life of medical students in Syria. The selection for residency programs depends mainly on the NMUE score, where competitive specialties require higher scores. Therefore, preparation for the NMUE might be a source of anxiety and depression. This study aims at evaluating the impact of anxiety and depression on the NMUE score. A secondary objective is to determine the effect of some factors (i.e., exercise, having breakfast, adequate sleep, and social media) on anxiety and depression.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire and included medical students who were preparing for the October 2019 NMUE exam. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to screen for anxiety and depression, respectively. NMUE scores were obtained from the official score report. Demographics and other potential confounding factors, such as Cumulative Grade Point Average, were obtained through the questionnaire.

Results One hundred and thirty (n = 130) students participated in the study, 83 of them were women (63.8%). The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 59.2 and 58%, respectively, with no difference between men and women. Both anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with the NMUE score. However, this relationship did not persist after controlling for other important predictors through multiple regression. Only exercising was statically significant in reducing PHQ-9 scores. None of the studied factors were significant in reducing GAD-7 scores.

Conclusion Although participants with higher anxiety/depression had lower NMUE scores, this association does not imply causation. The high prevalence of anxiety and depression (approximately two-thirds of the participants) is concerning and may pose a great threat to students' well-being and adversely affect the quality of care provided by them as future health care professionals.
Research on parallel algorithm of high-power microwave devices simulation based on MPI-3
Authors: Hu Yulan , Liu Dagang , Liu Laqun , Wang Huihui , Li Qiang
Published: July 2022

Simulation of high-power microwave source devices generally uses parallel algorithms to speed up the operation. In recent years, with the upgrade of parallel technology, the parallel efficiency of the particle simulation software has been further improved. Existing MPI-2 parallel technology of particle simulation software CHIPIC realizes the access to the local memory space of other processes through message passing. The new version of the MPI-3 standard provides the shared memory feature, which allows the data to be directly called by each process in the shared memory window, which reduces the information transmission. In this paper, based on the shared memory feature of MPI-3, the electromagnetic particle simulation parallel algorithm and dynamic load balancing algorithm are designed in the particle simulation software. The implementation of the two algorithms can improve the parallel efficiency from different aspects. The RKA and magnetic isolation oscillator high-power microwave devices are used as the test models. The test results show that the electromagnetic particle simulation parallel algorithm based on the shared memory feature of MPI-3 can improve the efficiency of the software by up to 44%. The efficiency of the dynamic load balancing algorithm based on MPI-3 can also be improved by up to 38%.
Comparison of two software programs for fitting one- and two-compartment age-dependent non-linear digestion models for ruminants: empirical data
Authors: Gunter S. A. , Gadberry M. S. , Coffey K. P. , Moffet C. A.
Published: July 2022

Context The total mass and kinetics of feed particles through the digestive tract affect feed intake, nutrient excretion and emissions by ruminants. Use of models to calculate digesta kinetics parameters will assist managers in mitigating enteric methane emission and producing food more sustainably. Aims We evaluated two software programs for fitting parameters to one- and two-compartment age-dependent digesta kinetic models from faecal-marker concentration datasets. Methods We examined biases (mean differences) and standard deviations (differences) of one-compartment (G2) and two-compartment (G2G1) models with a gamma-2 distribution in the age-dependent compartment when parameterised with two different software programs (R or SAS), using 41 datasets of ytterbium concentrations in faecal samples collected at discrete times. Faecal-marker concentration datasets were fitted to G2 and G2G1 models with each software program. The resulting model parameters, K0, λ or λ1, K2 and τ, were used to calculate the digesta kinetics parameters: particle passage rate, gastrointestinal dry matter fill, faecal dry matter output, gastrointestinal mean retention time and rumen retention time. We evaluated bias and standard deviation for model and digesta kinetic parameters across the entire range of average values, but also within low, medium and high percentile range-of-value subsets (5–35%, 35–65% and 65–95%) between software programs. Key results When datasets were fitted to the G2 model, all converged for both software programs, but when fitted to the G2G1 model by the SAS program, three observations did not converge. Bias and standard deviation of differences between software packages were small, but the G2G1 model produced smaller bias and standard deviation of differences. Bias and standard deviation of differences for digesta kinetics estimates across the percentile groups did not vary linearly for most model estimates and were small relative to the magnitude of the values. Conclusions Model parameters and digesta kinetics estimates derived from R and SAS software programs can be used interchangeably in nutritional modelling. Two-compartment models (G2G1) can be more problematic to fit, but residual mean-square errors are usually smaller. Implications Model parameters from both G2 and G2G1 models can be used to derive unbiased estimates of digesta kinetics from either R or SAS software program.
Optogenetic stimulation of pre–Bötzinger complex reveals novel circuit interactions in swallowing–breathing coordination
Authors: Huff Alyssa , Karlen-Amarante Marlusa , Pitts Teresa , Ramirez Jan Marino
Published: July 2022

The coordination of swallowing with breathing, in particular inspiration, is essential for homeostasis in most organisms. While much has been learned about the neuronal network critical for inspiration in mammals, the pre–Bötzinger complex (preBötC), little is known about how this network interacts with swallowing. Here we activate within the preBötC excitatory neurons (defined asVglut2andSstneurons) and inhibitory neurons (defined asVgatneurons) and inhibit and activate neurons defined by the transcription factorDbx1to gain an understanding of the coordination between the preBötC and swallow behavior. We found that stimulating inhibitory preBötC neurons did not mimic the premature shutdown of inspiratory activity caused by water swallows, suggesting that swallow-induced suppression of inspiratory activity is not directly mediated by the inhibitory neurons in the preBötC. By contrast, stimulation of preBötCDbx1neurons delayed laryngeal closure of the swallow sequence. Inhibition ofDbx1neurons increased laryngeal closure duration and stimulation ofSstneurons pushed swallow occurrence to later in the respiratory cycle, suggesting that excitatory neurons from the preBötC connect to the laryngeal motoneurons and contribute to the timing of swallowing. Interestingly, the delayed swallow sequence was also caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a model for sleep apnea, which is 1) known to destabilize inspiratory activity and 2) associated with dysphagia. This delay was not present when inhibiting Dbx1 neurons. We propose that a stable preBötC is essential for normal swallow pattern generation and disruption may contribute to the dysphagia seen in obstructive sleep apnea.
Exploring a mobile-based language learning intervention to improve English language acquisition and acculturation among
migrants in Australia
Authors: Hebbani Aparna , Mersiades Michael , Deshmukh Ameya
Published: July 2022

This exploratory Australian study tested a novel mobile-based language learning service intervention (via
WhatsApp) called ‘Chatloop’ with 31 newly arrived migrants. This intervention was offered in tandem with the traditional Adult
Migrant English Program (AMEP) classroom curriculum. A mixed methods approach was employed to trial the intervention of Chatloop
with AMEP students at two Queensland TAFE campuses. Quantitative data were gathered to measure changes in participants’ English
proficiency, and qualitative interviews gathered narratives about the experience of using Chatloop. Chatloop intervention group
participants perceived it to be an interactive learning service that significantly improved their reading and writing skills,
acculturation, and enhanced social connections. Being able to access Chatloop on their mobile device 24/7 was deemed to be an
added advantage as compared to traditional classroom learning; it provided an opportunity to learn more about Australian culture
and communication patterns, at their convenience. These findings suggest that such mobile interventions can be a valuable means of
enhancing migrant’s English language learning and warrants future research.
From pen to movable type
Authors: Hammerschmidt Christopher , Adam Dominique Leite
Published: July 2022

Typography is an essential foundation for graphic design and information design. The teaching of this subject aims to set background knowledge on aspects such as the production and use of letterforms. In this article, we present an approach to teaching typography based on information design as an instrument for understanding and analyze results of students’ production of print posters during classes. We designed an integrative activity that sought to make them experience different facets of typography, from its relation with calligraphy to the sculptural nature of printing types and digital vector drawing on the computer, with an active learning approach.
A GLOBULAR CLUSTER TOWARD M87 WITH A RADIAL VELOCITY < − 1000 km s−1: THE FIRST HYPERVELOCITY CLUSTER
Authors: Caldwell Nelson , Strader Jay , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Brodie Jean P. , Moore Ben , Diemand Jurg , Martizzi Davide
Published: July 2022

We report the discovery of an object near M87 in the Virgo Cluster with an extraordinary blueshift of −1025 km s−1, offset from the systemic velocity by >2300 km s−1. Evaluation of photometric and spectroscopic data provides strong evidence that this object is a distant massive globular cluster, which we call HVGC-1 in analogy to Galactic hypervelocity stars. We consider but disfavor more exotic interpretations, such as a system of stars bound to a recoiling black hole. The odds of observing an outlier as extreme as HVGC-1 in a virialized distribution of intracluster objects are small; it appears more likely that the cluster was (or is being) ejected from Virgo following a three-body interaction. The nature of the interaction is unclear, and could involve either a subhalo or a binary supermassive black hole at the center of M87.