bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Dietary Intake in 40–65-Year-Old Mexican Women
Authors: Tijerina Alexandra , Tur Josep A.
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims: Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) have been widely used in epidemiologic studies since 1990s, but instruments need to be validated. The aim of this work was to create and assess the validity and reproducibility of an interview administered FFQ to be used in a Mexican women’s bone health cohort study, located in Monterrey city, Mexico. Methods: Validation of FFQ formed by 11 food groups and 136 food and beverage items was performed on 40–65-year-old Mexican women (n = 200) by applying 2 FFQ (test method) and six 24-h dietary recalls (24hR, reference method; 1 per season on weekdays and 2 on weekends). Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated of both logs, transformed intakes and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes based on the residual method, and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: The relative validity of FFQ against the average of six 24hR for intakes of energy, macronutrients, cholesterol, water, vitamins and minerals required for bone metabolism such as vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus were obtained. Pearson coefficients of correlation show significance (p < 0.05) for the validity, 0.244–0.820 and 0.258–0.794, for energy-unadjusted and adjusted data, respectively. Reproducibility coefficients range 0.186–0.810 for energy-unadjusted data and 0.174–0.597 for energy-adjusted data. Most nutrients showed lower than 5% of misclassification. Conclusion: The designed 136-item FFQ shows acceptable validity and reproducibility, and it is useful to be applied on 40–65-year-old Mexican women for the estimation of nutrient intakes in epidemiological studies.
Risk Factors for Success, Complications, and Death after Endoscopic Sphincterotomy for Bile Duct Stones: A 17-Year Experience with 2,137 Cases
Authors: Pereira Lima Júlio Carlos , Arciniegas Sanmartin Ivan David , Latrônico Palma Bruna , Oliveira dos Santos Carlos Eduardo
Published: March 2020

Background: Risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) complications are well-studied. However, risk factors for complications and success after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for duct stones are poorly determined. This study aimed to verify risk factors for mortality, complications, and success after EST. Methods: A multivariate analysis was carried out in a dataset of ERCPs performed during 17 years. Results: A total of5,226 ERCPs were performed, of which 2,137 were in patients with bile duct stones (1,458 women and 679 men; mean age = 57 years) who underwent EST with attempted stone removal. There were 171 (8%) complications, with pancreatitis in 87 (4.1%), bleeding in 48 (2.2%), other complications in 36 (1.8%), and mortality of 0.6%. Successful stone(s) removal was obtained in 2,028 cases (94.9%). On multivariate analysis, mortality was associated with age >60 years (1 vs. 0.2%), cholangitis (4.3 vs. 0.3%), and EST-related complications (5.8 vs. 0.2%). Complications were associated with unsuccessful stone removal (13.4 vs. 7.5%) and difficult cannulation (13.9 vs. 5.4%). An unsuccessful EST was independently related to difficult cannulation (86.2 vs. 98.7%), precutting (79.4 vs. 96.4%), and complications (86.5 vs. 95.6%). Conclusions: Risk factors for complications after EST for stones are delayed bile duct cannulation and failed stone retrieval. Mortality is higher in older patients, those who presented with an EST-related complication, or those who presented initially with cholangitis. Difficult cannulation, EST-related complications, and precutting were associated with an unsuccessful procedure. In this series, outpatient EST with attempted stone retrieval was found to be as safe as performing the procedure in hospitalized patients.
Perivascular Adipose Tissue Regulates Vascular Function by Targeting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Chang Lin , Garcia-Barrio Minerva T. , Chen Y. Eugene
Published: March 2020

Adipose tissues are present at multiple locations in the body. Most blood vessels are surrounded with adipose tissue which is referred to as perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Similarly to adipose tissues at other locations, PVAT harbors many types of cells which produce and secrete adipokines and other undetermined factors which locally modulate PVAT metabolism and vascular function. Uncoupling protein-1, which is considered as a brown fat marker, is also expressed in PVAT of rodents and humans. Thus, compared with other adipose tissues in the visceral area, PVAT displays brown-like characteristics. PVAT shows a distinct function in the cardiovascular system compared with adipose tissues in other depots which are not adjacent to the vascular tree. Growing and extensive studies have demonstrated that presence of normal PVAT is required to maintain the vasculature in a functional status. However, excessive accumulation of dysfunctional PVAT leads to vascular disorders, partially through alteration of its secretome which, in turn, affects vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In this review, we highlight the cross talk between PVAT and vascular smooth muscle cells and its roles in vascular remodeling and blood pressure regulation.
Phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-Bisphosphate Regulates Plasma Cholesterol Through LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Receptor Lysosomal Degradation
Authors: Qin Yuanyuan , Ting Flora , Kim Mee J. , Strelnikov Jacob , Harmon Joseph , Gao Feng , Dose Andrea , Teng Ba-Bie , Alipour Mohsen Amir , Yao Zemin , Crooke Rosanne , Krauss Ronald M. , Medina Marisa W.
Published: March 2020

Objective:

TMEM55B (transmembrane protein 55B) is a phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate (PI[4,5]P
2
) phosphatase that regulates cellular cholesterol, modulates LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) decay, and lysosome function. We tested the effects of
Tmem55b
knockdown on plasma lipids in mice and assessed the roles of LDLR lysosomal degradation and change in (PI[4,5]P
2
) in mediating these effects.

Approach and Results:

Western diet–fed C57BL/6J mice were treated with antisense oligonucleotides against
Tmem55b
or a nontargeting control for 3 to 4 weeks. Hepatic
Tmem55b
transcript and protein levels were reduced by ≈70%, and plasma non-HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol was increased ≈1.8-fold (
P
<0.0001). Immunoblot analysis of fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) fractions revealed enrichment of ApoE-containing particles in the LDL size range. In contrast,
Tmem55b
knockdown had no effect on plasma cholesterol in
Ldlr
−/−
mice. In primary hepatocytes and liver tissues from
Tmem55b
knockdown mice, there was decreased LDLR protein. In the hepatocytes, there was increased lysosome staining and increased LDLR-lysosome colocalization. Impairment of lysosome function (incubation with NH
4
Cl or knockdown of the lysosomal proteins
LAMP1
or
RAB7
) abolished the effect of
TMEM55B
knockdown on LDLR in HepG2 (human hepatoma) cells. Colocalization of the recycling endosome marker RAB11 (Ras-related protein 11) with LDLR in HepG2 cells was reduced by 50% upon
TMEM55B
knockdown. Finally, knockdown increased hepatic PI(4,5)P
2
levels in vivo and in HepG2 cells, while
TMEM55B
overexpression in vitro decreased PI(4,5)P
2
.
TMEM55B
knockdown decreased, whereas overexpression increased, LDL uptake in HepG2 cells. Notably, the
TMEM55B
overexpression effect was reversed by incubation with PI(4,5)P
2.

Conclusions:

These findings indicate a role for TMEM55B in regulating plasma cholesterol levels by affecting PI(4,5)P
2
-mediated LDLR lysosomal degradation.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is Independently Associated With Decreased Neural Baroreflex Sensitivity
Authors: Cseh Domonkos , Climie Rachel E. , Offredo Lucile , Guibout Catherine , Thomas Frédérique , Zanoli Luca , Danchin Nicolas , Sharman James E. , Laurent Stéphane , Jouven Xavier , Boutouyrie Pierre , Empana Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2020

Objective:

Impaired baroreflex function is an early indicator of cardiovascular autonomic imbalance. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have decreased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), however, whether the neural and/or mechanical component of the BRS (nBRS and mBRS, respectively) is altered in those with high metabolic risk (HMR, impaired fasting glucose and/or metabolic syndrome) or with overt T2D, is unknown. We examined this in a community-based observational study, the Paris Prospective Study III (PPS3).

Approach and Results:

In 7626 adults aged 50 to 75 years, resting nBRS (estimated by low-frequency gain, from carotid distension rate and RR intervals [time intervals between successive R waves]) and mBRS were measured by high-precision carotid echotracking. The associations between overt T2D or HMR as compared with subjects with normal glucose metabolism (NGM) and nBRS or mBRS were quantified using multivariable linear regression analysis. There were 319 subjects with T2D (61±6 years, 77% male), 1450 subjects with HMR (60±6 years, 72% male), and 5857 subjects with NGM (59±6 years, 57% male). Compared with NGM subjects, nBRS was significantly lower in HMR subjects (β=−0.07 [95% CI, −0.12 to −0.01];
P
=0.029) and in subjects with T2D (β=−0.18 [95% CI, −0.29 to −0.07];
P
=0.002) after adjustment for confounding and mediating factors. Subgroup analysis suggests significant and independent alteration in mBRS only among HMR patients who had both impaired fasting glucose and metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions:

In this community-based study of individuals aged 50 to 75, a graded decrease in nBRS was observed in HMR subjects and patients with overt T2D as compared with NGM subjects.
Substrate Spatial Complexity Analysis for the Prediction of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Okada David R. , Miller Jason , Chrispin Jonathan , Prakosa Adityo , Trayanova Natalia , Jones Steven , Maggioni Mauro , Wu Katherine C.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Transition zones between healthy myocardium and scar form a spatially complex substrate that may give rise to reentrant ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). We sought to assess the utility of a novel machine learning approach for quantifying 3-dimensional spatial complexity of grayscale patterns on late gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance images to predict VAs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Methods:

One hundred twenty-two consecutive ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% without prior history of VAs underwent late gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance images. From raw grayscale data, we generated graphs encoding the 3-dimensional geometry of the left ventricle. A novel technique, adapted to these graphs, assessed global regularity of signal intensity patterns using Fourier-like analysis and generated a substrate spatial complexity profile for each patient. A machine learning statistical algorithm was employed to discern which substrate spatial complexity profiles correlated with VA events (appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator firings and arrhythmic sudden cardiac death) at 5 years of follow-up. From the statistical machine learning results, a complexity score ranging from 0 to 1 was calculated for each patient and tested using multivariable Cox regression models.

Results:

At 5 years of follow-up, 40 patients had VA events. The machine learning algorithm classified with 81% overall accuracy and correctly classified 86% of those without VAs. Overall negative predictive value was 91%. Average complexity score was significantly higher in patients with VA events versus those without (0.5±0.5 versus 0.1±0.2;
P
<0.0001) and was independently associated with VA events in a multivariable model (hazard ratio, 1.5 [1.2–2.0];
P
=0.002).

Conclusions:

Substrate spatial complexity analysis of late gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance images may be helpful in refining VA risk in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, particularly to identify low-risk patients who may not benefit from prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy.

Visual Overview:

A
visual overview
is available for this article.
Diagnosis-to-Ablation Time and Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation Following Catheter Ablation
Authors: Chew Derek S. , Black-Maier Eric , Loring Zak , Noseworthy Peter A. , Packer Douglas L. , Exner Derek V. , Mark Daniel B. , Piccini Jonathan P.
Published: March 2020

Background:

The optimal timing of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in reference to the time of diagnosis is unknown. We sought to assess the impact of the duration between first diagnosis of AF and ablation, or diagnosis-to-ablation time (DAT), on AF recurrence following catheter ablation.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic electronic search for observational studies reporting the outcomes associated with catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation stratified by diagnosis-to-ablation time. The primary meta-analysis using a random effects model assessed AF recurrence stratified by DAT ≤1 year versus >1 year. A secondary analysis assessed outcomes stratified by DAT ≤3 years versus >3 years.

Results:

Of the 632 screened studies, 6 studies met inclusion criteria for a total of 4950 participants undergoing AF ablation for symptomatic AF. A shorter DAT ≤1 year was associated with a lower relative risk of AF recurrence compared with DAT >1 year (relative risk, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.65–0.82];
P
<0.001). Heterogeneity was moderate (I
2
=51%). When excluding the one study consisting of only patients with persistent AF, the heterogeneity improved substantially (I
2
=0%, Cochran’s Q
P
=0.55) with a similar estimate of effect (relative risk, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.71–0.85];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

Shorter duration between time of first AF diagnosis and AF ablation is associated with an increased likelihood of ablation procedural success. Additional study is required to confirm these results and to explore implementation of earlier catheter AF ablation and patient outcomes within the current AF care pathway.

Visual Overview

A
visual overview
is available for this article.
Association of Sleep Characteristics With Nocturnal Hypertension and Nondipping Blood Pressure in the CARDIA Study
Authors: Thomas S. Justin , Booth John N. , Jaeger Byron C. , Hubbard Demetria , Sakhuja Swati , Abdalla Marwah , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Buysse Daniel J. , Lewis Core E. , Shikany James M. , Schwartz Joseph E. , Shimbo Daichi , Calhoun David , Muntner Paul , Carnethon Mercedes R.
Published: March 2020

Background

Sleep characteristics and disorders are associated with higher blood pressure (
BP
) when measured in the clinic setting.

Methods and Results

We tested whether self‐reported sleep characteristics and likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea (
OSA
) were associated with nocturnal hypertension and nondipping systolic
BP
(
SBP
) among participants in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study who completed 24‐hour ambulatory
BP
monitoring during the year 30 examination. Likelihood of
OSA
was determined using the
STOP
‐Bang questionnaire. Global sleep quality, habitual sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and midsleep time were obtained from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Nocturnal hypertension was defined as mean asleep
SBP
≥120 mm Hg or diastolic
BP
≥70 mm Hg. Nondipping
SBP
was defined as a decline in awake‐to‐asleep
SBP
<10%. Among 702 participants, the prevalence of nocturnal hypertension and nondipping
SBP
was 41.3% and 32.5%, respectively. After multivariable adjustment including cardiovascular risk factors, the prevalence ratios (PRs) for nocturnal hypertension and nondipping
SBP
associated with high versus low likelihood of
OSA
were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.00–1.75) and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.02–1.68), respectively. The association between likelihood of
OSA
and nocturnal hypertension was stronger for white participants (PR: 2.09; 95%
CI,
1.23–3.48) compared with black participants (PR: 1.11; 95%
CI,
0.79–1.56). The PR for nondipping
SBP
associated with a 1‐hour later midsleep time was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.85–0.99). Global sleep quality, habitual sleep duration, and sleep efficiency were not associated with either nocturnal hypertension or nondipping
SBP
.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that addressing
OSA
risk and sleep timing in a clinical trial may improve
BP
during sleep.
Proceedings From the 2019 Stanford Single Ventricle Scientific Summit: Advancing Science for Single Ventricle Patients: From Discovery to Clinical Applications
Authors: Reddy Sushma , Handler Stephanie Siehr , Wu Sean , Rabinovitch Marlene , Wright Gail
Published: March 2020

Abstracts

Because of remarkable advances in survival over the past 40 years, the worldwide population of individuals with single ventricle heart disease living with Fontan circulation has grown to ≈70 000, with nearly half aged >18 years. Survival to at least 30 years of age is now achievable for 75% of Fontan patients. On the other hand, single ventricle patients account for the largest group of the 6000 to 8000 children hospitalized with circulation failure, with or without heart failure annually in the United States, with the highest in‐hospital mortality. Because there is little understanding of the underlying mechanisms of heart failure, arrhythmias, pulmonary and lymphatic vascular abnormalities, and other morbidities, there are no specific treatments to maintain long‐term myocardial performance or to optimize overall patient outcomes.
PERSONEL GÜÇLENDİRME VE ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK META-ANALİZ ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: HATİPOĞLU Zeynep , AKDUMAN Gülbeniz
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada personel güçlendirmenin örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etki büyüklüğünü belirlemek amacıyla yapılan, birbirinden bağımsız çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçların birleştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın temel sorusu “personel güçlendirmenin örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde bir etkisi var mıdır?” şeklinde ifade edilmiş ve meta analiz yöntemi kullanılarak bu soruya yanıt aranmıştır.  Meta-analiz, benzer konularda yapılmış birbirinden bağımsız ve çok sayıda çalışmadan elde edilmiş sayısal verileri istatistiksel olarak analiz etme ve bu çalışmala­rın sonuçları hakkında genel bir sonuca varma yönte­midir (Kablan, vd. 2013:1630). Analize dahil edilen “personel güçlendirme” ve “örgütsel bağlılık” ile ilgili çalışmalara “Google Akademik, YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi ve DergiPark” veri tabanlarının sistemli olarak taranması sonucunda toplamda 34 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmalardan hangilerinin meta-analize dâhil edileceğini belirlemek amacıyla kullanılan kriterler ise şu şekildedir: Personel güçlendirme ile örgütsel bağlılık arasında korelasyon katsayısının olması, araştırma kapsamının yalnızca “personel güçlendirme ve örgütsel bağlılık” arasındaki ilişkiyi inceliyor olması ve çalışmalarda alt boyutları farklı ölçeklerin kullanılabiliyor olması nedeniyle ölçek toplam puanları arasındaki korelasyon katsayılarının varlığı, kullanılan ölçeklerin güvenirlik ve geçerliklerinin ispatlanmış olması. Sayılan kriterleri içermeyen çalışmalar analiz dışı bırakılarak kriterlere uygun 17 çalışma ile meta-analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın ilk kısmında ilgili kavramlar açıklandıktan sonra yöntem ve ulaşılan bulgular ışığında sonuç kısmı yer almaktadır. Meta-analiz sonucunda elde edilen etki büyüklüğü düzeyine göre personel güçlendirmenin örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde çok geniş düzeyde ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
A REVIEW OF TURKISH RESEARCH ON PRIVATE LABEL BRAND'S
Authors: HABİBOGLU Ozge , ÖZHAN Şeniz , AKKAYA Duygu Talih
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the academic work
done on private label brands in Turkey. Based on the academic publications database
and a Google-based study with no time constraints, 29 research have been
analyzed. The studies were discussed in such a way that the approach of the
companies to the private label brand concept, the approach of the consumers to
the private label brands, the sectors where the private label brands were
handled and the gaps in the relevant field were determined. At the end of the
study, important findings in the relevant field were stated and it clearly
shows the issues that may be important for future studies.
SOSYAL POLİTİKA BAĞLAMINDA ENGELLİLERE YÖNELİK HİZMETLERİN ÇANAKKALE BELEDİYESİ ÖRNEĞİNDE ANALİZİ
Authors: DÖNMEZ KARA Canan Öykü
Published: March 2020

Sosyal politika, toplumların geniş
bir kesimine hitap etmekte ve engellileri de kapsamaktadır. Türkiye’de
engelliler 1982 Anayasası tarafından pozitif ayrımcılık tanınan gruplardan
biridir. Engellilere yönelik sosyal politikalar başta merkezi yönetim olmak
üzere, yerel yönetimlerin, gönüllü kuruluşların girişimlerini ve işbirliğini
gerektirmektedir. Özellikle merkezi
yönetimlerin yetersiz kaldığı konularda belediyelerin engellilere yönelik
politikaları önemli hale gelmektedir. Türkiye’de belediyelere yalnızca
altyapı hizmetlerinin sunulması konusunda görevler verilmemiş, aynı zamanda
1982 Anayasasında karşılık bulan sosyal devlet ilkesi gereği eğitim, ekonomi,
sağlık, kültür, engelliler ve sosyal yardım alanlarında da bazı görevler
yüklenmiştir. Sosyal
politika kapsamındaki bu hizmetler aynı zamanda sosyal belediyecilik
anlayışının temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede araştırmanın amacı, sosyal
belediyecilik bağlamında engellilere sunulan hizmetlerden engellilerin
memnuniyetinin Çanakkale Belediyesi örneğinde incelenmesidir. Araştırma nitel
araştırma desenlerinden söylem/hikâye analizi şeklinde tasarlanmıştır.
Hikaye/söylem analizi insanların başlarından geçen olaylarla ilgili
anlattıkları hikayeleri analiz etmeye yönelik bir araştırma yaklaşımıdır.
Belirlenen amaç doğrultusunda, Çanakkale Belediyesi’nin sunduğu sosyal
hizmetlerden yararlanan görme ve ortopedik engelli bireylerle görüşmeler
yapılarak veriler elde edilmiştir. 
Görüşmelerde dokuz sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu
kullanılmıştır. Ses kayıt cihazıyla yapılan kayıtlar, Microsoft Office Word
programına aktarılarak dokümanlar oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma
verileri içerik analizi tekniğiyle çözümlenerek anlamlı bilgiler haline
getirilmiştir. İçerik
analizi adı altında toplanan bu araç ve teknikler, her şeyden önce kontrollü
bir yorum çabası olarak ve genelde tümdengelime dayalı bir “okuma” aracı olarak
nitelendirilebilirler. Sonuçta, katılımcıların Çanakkale Belediyesi’nin sosyal
belediyecilik kapsamında değerlendirilebilecek hizmetlerinden genel anlamda
memnun oldukları, ancak daha hızlı ve kaliteli hizmet sunulması noktasında bazı
beklentilerinin olduğu görülmüştür.
THE IMPACT OF IMPORTS ON EXPORTS OF TURKEY
Authors: KARABULUT Şahin
Published: March 2020

Turkey implemented programme based on import substitution in the 1960s and turned to domestic production and consumption by restrictions on bringing in foreign trade. Following the stagflationary process in the 1970s, Turkey aimed to follow the export-led growth model of the developing countries in the 1980s to reach the developed countries. In this context, the government shifted into export promotion strategy following the progressed made by newly industrialized countries. Accordingly, import restrictions were removed and exports were aimed at increasing. From the 1990s onwards, foreign trade has increased enormously. This increase has continued in the 2000s but imports have permanently increased more than exports. Turkey's import dependence has risen significantly reflecting the openness of the domestic markets. Importation of capital and intermediate goods has been the critical factor for Turkey's economic development.The main aim of this study is to examine the causal relationship between export and import.The dependency of import to the export in Turkey tested with a Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method by using monthly data 1992-2019 periods. Following empirical findings were reached in the study investigating: There are causality both from export to import and import to export. According to Engle-Granger (1987) test, cointegration has been detected between export and import. As a result of DOLS and FMOLS method made long term analysis, export is highly dependent on import.
TÜRKİYE’DE KONUT FİYATLARI, BÜYÜME VE MAKROEKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLER ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN EKONOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: CANBAY Şerif , MERCAN Derya
Published: March 2020

This study provides implications for policy makers to formulate measures to transfer monetary policy changes to the economy through the housing prices channel in order to develop a healthier and more stable housing market and support economic development. For this purpose Vector Error Correction Model (VAR/VECM) is applied to test the process of housing prices channel for Turkey in the 2010Q1-2019Q2 period. The findings of Granger causality analysis imply that there are causality relationships in the short and long term from interest rates to credit volume and from credit volume to housing prices and consumer price index. There is also a causal relationship in the short and long term from growth to housing prices. However, a causality relationship has been determined in the short run from interest rates to growth. According to the results of the impulse-response analysis of the study, while a positive shock in interest rates and growth decreases housing prices, a positive shock in credit volume increases housing prices. On the other hand, house prices shocks increase growth and credit volume, and have a decreasing effect on interest rates and consumer price index.
A new record and mitochondrial identification of Pentias thompsoni Collinge, 1916 (Isopoda, Valvifera, Idoteidae) from the Nanji Islands, China
Authors: Liu Wenliang , Song Chenwei , Zhao Zhipeng
Published: March 2020

Pentias thompsoni Collinge, 1916 is recorded for the first time from China. The male specimen is described firstly, including the micromorphological characters of penes and appendix masculina. The partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of the species are also provided for a molecular characterization.
Thermodynamic Cycles in the Stratosphere
Authors: Ruggieri Paolo , Ambaum Maarten H. P. , Nycander Jonas
Published: March 2020

Large-scale overturning mass transport in the stratosphere is commonly explained through the action of potential vorticity (PV) rearrangement in the flank of the stratospheric jet. Large-scale Rossby waves, with their wave activity source primarily in the troposphere, stir and mix PV and an overturning circulation arises to compensate for the zonal torque imposed by the breaking waves. In this view, any radiative heating is relaxational and the circulation is mechanically driven. Here we present a fully thermodynamic analysis of these phenomena, based on ERA-Interim data. Streamfunctions in a thermodynamic, log(pressure)–temperature space are computed. The sign of a circulation cell in these coordinates directly shows whether it is mechanically driven, converting kinetic energy to potential and thermal energy, or thermally driven, with the opposite conversion. The circulation in the lower stratosphere is found to be thermodynamically indirect (i.e., mechanically driven). In the middle and upper stratosphere thermodynamically indirect and direct circulations coexist, with a prominent semiannual cycle. A part of the overturning in this region is thermally driven, while a more variable indirect circulation is mechanically driven by waves. The wave driving does not modulate the strength of the thermally direct part of the circulation. This suggests that the basic overturning circulation in the stratosphere is largely thermally driven, while tropospheric waves add a distinct indirect component to the overturning. This indirect overturning is associated with poleward transport of anomalously warm air parcels.
Capitalizing on Community: Affordable Housing Markets in the Age of Participation
Authors: Robinson John N.
Published: March 2020

This article examines the affordable housing market to develop a new way to understand the problem of co-optation in participatory urban governance. Through a case study of the Chicago metropolitan area, it uses data from 105 in-depth interviews—supplemented with ethnographic, archival, and secondary data—to shed light on the circumstances in which poverty-managing organizations compete for the resources necessary to house marginalized populations. Findings show how community-based groups, which have long housed the poorest neighborhoods and residents, are systematically excluded from access to development capital in favor of other “grassroots for hire” organizations more amenable to the elite co-optation of grassroots empowerment—a process referred to as co-optation by cohort replacement. The article discusses implications of these findings for the study of urban development, participatory governance, and the changing social safety net.
Design of alternating current voltage–regulating circuit based on thyristor: Comparison of single phase and three phase
Authors: Zhang Zonglu
Published: March 2020

The voltage sag problem in a power grid can be solved by a voltage regulator. In this study, the voltage regulator based on thyristor was used to compensate the single-phase and three-phase voltage of voltage sag fault, so as to recover the normal level of voltage. The simulation analysis was carried out on MATLAB. The results showed that voltage sag faults mainly affected the amplitude of voltage, but not the frequency of voltage. After voltage regulation, the single-phase and three-phase voltage waveforms in the fault period had a certain recovery, but the voltage regulator had a certain hysteresis effect.
Mixing It Up: Unsystematic Product Arrangements Promote the Choice of Unfamiliar Products
Authors: Walter Maik , Hildebrand Christian , Häubl Gerald , Herrmann Andreas
Published: March 2020

This research examines how the unsystematic (vs. systematic) spatial arrangement of a set of alternatives affects consumers’ product choices. The key hypothesis is that an unsystematic product arrangement—in which an assortment consisting of several alternatives is arranged in an apparently arbitrary manner—causes greater perceptual disfluency, which in turn triggers more extensive exploratory product search, ultimately promoting the choice of unfamiliar products. This sequence of effects is particularly pronounced when consumers do not have a strong prior preference for specific alternatives in the assortment. Evidence from five studies, including a large-scale field experiment, provides support for this theorizing across various display formats and product domains. The findings advance our understanding of how the spatial arrangement of a product assortment influences consumer choice, and they shed light on the psychological mechanism that governs this effect.
Equity in Music Education: Cultural Appropriation Versus Cultural Appreciation—Understanding the Difference
Authors: Howard Karen
Published: March 2020

To avoid cultural appropriation, music educators need to take the time to explore the source culture and approach the traditions of others in a respectful manner so the people and musics studied are neither demeaned nor exploited. Students can be part of this exploration and share what they learn from their research with the class.
The History of Myringotomy and Grommets
Authors: Rimmer Joanne , Giddings Charles E. , Weir Neil
Published: March 2020

The first recorded myringotomy was in 1649. Astley Cooper presented 2 papers to the Royal Society in 1801, based on his observations that myringotomy could improve hearing. Widespread inappropriate use of the procedure followed, with no benefit to patients; this led to it falling from favor for many decades. Hermann Schwartze reintroduced myringotomy later in the 19th century. It had been realized earlier that the tympanic membrane heals spontaneously, and much experimentation took place in attempting to keep the perforation open. The first described grommet was made of gold foil. Other materials were tried, including Politzer’s attempts with rubber. Armstrong’s vinyl tube effectively reintroduced grommets into current practice last century. There have been many eponymous variants, but the underlying principle of creating a perforation and maintaining it with a ventilation tube has remained unchanged. Recent studies have cast doubt over the long-term benefits of grommet insertion; is this the end of the third era?
Can’t Buy Me Love (or Friendship): Social Consequences of Financially Contingent Self-Worth
Authors: Ward Deborah E. , Park Lora E. , Naragon-Gainey Kristin , Whillans Ashley V. , Jung Han Young
Published: March 2020

Although people may think that money improves one’s relationships, research suggests otherwise. Focusing on money is associated with spending less time maintaining relationships and less desire to rely on others for help. But why does focusing on money relate to worse social outcomes? We propose that when people base their self-esteem on financial success—that is, have financially contingent self-worth—they are likely to feel pressured to pursue success in this domain, which may come at the expense of spending time with close others. Consistent with this idea, results of four cross-sectional studies ( N = 2,439) and a daily diary study ( N = 246) revealed that basing one’s self-worth on financial success is associated with greater feelings of loneliness and social disconnection, and this may be related to experiencing less autonomy and spending less time with family and friends.
Different Forms of Biological Fatherhood and their Association with Symptoms of Psychopathology
Authors: Frisch-Volkert Lucien Rasmus , Waldvogel Patricia , Ehlert Ulrike
Published: March 2020

While the effects of maternal psychopathology on children are well researched, few studies have addressed paternal psychopathology. We provide estimates of self-reported symptoms of psychopathology across different forms of biological fatherhood, and investigate the association between paternal psychopathology and children’s mental health. In an online survey, N = 2,590 biological fathers living in stable or blended families as well as single or separated fathers filled out the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18, Spitzer et al., 2011), indicated the presence or absence of a self-reported mental disorder, and judged their children’s mental health. Fathers living in stable families reported lower levels of psychopathological symptoms compared to single and separated fathers. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were negatively associated with fathers’ judgment of their children’s mental health. High levels of psychopathological symptoms were much more frequent than self-reported mental disorders, suggesting a need to extend the reach of mental health services.
Toward virtual design and optimization of a structural test monitored by a multi-view system
Authors: Vitse Matthieu , Poncelet Martin , Iskef Alaa Eddin , Dufour John-Eric , Gras Renaud , Bouterf Amine , Raka Bumedijien , Giry Cédric , Gatuingt Fabrice , Hild Francois , Ragueneau Frédéric , Roux Stéphane
Published: March 2020

In order to characterize the mechanical behavior of a reinforced concrete beam–column joint, an experiment is designed whereby different histories of increasing cyclic loads are applied, and the structure deformation (as well as the morphology of apparent surface cracks) is studied using multi-view correlation. The complex three-dimensional geometry and the slender nature of the beam and column call for numerous digital cameras were positioned around the specimen. Assessing the feasibility of image acquisition and estimating a priori uncertainties on multi-view correlation became a true challenge. It is shown that the recourse to photo-realistic rendering software provides the needed tools to perform this experiment design optimization.
Modeling of subsurface ceramic inclusions in metallic matrices
Authors: Pickard Andrew C , Mills David E
Published: March 2020

All engineering materials have the potential to contain inhomogeneities that can act as initiators for fatigue cracks during cyclic loading. One class of inhomogeneity that can occur as a result of the processes used to create metallic materials is a ceramic inclusion, typically resulting from the raw material contamination during the melting process. This article examines the predicted behavior of hard ceramic inclusions in a nickel-base superalloy metallic matrix. Compressive residual stresses are created in the inclusion during cool down from a stress-free state at high temperature. The influence of the proximity of the inclusion to the surface of the matrix material is examined, together with the impact of subsequent uniaxial loading on the stress field in the inclusion and in the surrounding material. The stress field in the ceramic inclusion is observed to transition from compressive to tensile as a function of the proximity of the inclusion to the surface of the material and the applied uniaxial stress field. For deep subsurface inclusions, the uniaxial stress field required to achieve a tensile stress in the inclusion is close to the yield stress of the material. The sensitivity of this critical stress to material cyclic hardening behavior and to the temperature difference between the stress-free state and the operating state is also explored. The significance of these modeling results is discussed in terms of the sensitivity of nickel-base superalloys to crack formation and growth from ceramic inclusions and hence the impact on probabilistic fatigue life assessments of the presence, location and size of the ceramic inclusions.
Total output power variation of several small wind turbines
Authors: Kashiwaya Kenta , Kondoh Junji , Funabashi Kakuru
Published: March 2020

There is a concern that connection of several small wind turbines may cause severe voltage fluctuation and voltage flicker in low-voltage distribution lines due to their output power variations. In this study, output power variations of four 5-kW-class small wind turbine systems were measured with an interval of 0.1 s at a site in Wakkanai, Hokkaido, and their correlations and smoothing effect in the frequency range from [Formula: see text] to 5 Hz were analyzed and compared with those of five residential photovoltaic power systems. The results indicate that a smoothing effect occurs more in small wind turbines than in photovoltaic systems, because of lower correlation coefficients in lower frequency ([Formula: see text] Hz) components. Voltage flicker at the point of common coupling was also measured and it was confirmed that the impact of small wind turbines on voltage flicker is low enough at the site. In addition, the upper limits of the installation number and/or the system resistance are estimated theoretically using the measured flicker values.
Testing an Automated Collision Avoidance and Emergency Braking System for Buses
Authors: Soule Heidi H. , Huck Skip , Krum Andrew , Wang Yinhai , Ke Ruimin , Valadez Dave , Sellers Dan , Lutin Jerome M.
Published: March 2020

In 2017 the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) awarded Pierce Transit of Lakewood, WA a $1.66 million grant for a bus collision avoidance and mitigation safety research and demonstration project. The project scope includes installation of an advanced technology package, the Pedestrian Avoidance Safety System (PASS) that uses lidar sensors to trigger an automated deceleration and braking system. An “alpha testing” phase included shipping a Pierce Transit bus to Blacksburg, VA for closed-course testing of PASS on Virginia Tech Transportation Institute’s (VTTI’s) Smart Road facility. In addition, VTTI developed a system to observe, measure, and analyze passenger motion during braking events. Following completion of testing at VTTI, the bus will be returned to Pierce Transit. Together with three additional buses currently being outfitted with PASS, all four will be equipped with Transit Event Logging System (TELS) video processers developed by University of Washington’s Smart Transportation Applications & Research (STAR) Lab to analyze PASS accuracy for “false positives” and “false negatives.” Upon successful completion of in-service engineering testing of the initial four buses, an additional 26 buses will be equipped with PASS and all 30 will be monitored using telematics for a year-long demonstration. This paper discusses project background and organization, describes the PASS being tested, provides an overview of the alpha testing, describes project data collection processes, and reviews the criteria and metrics being used to evaluate the system. The paper concludes with observations about lessons learned to date.
Childhood Maltreatment, Automatic Negative Thoughts, and Resilience: The Protective Roles of Culture and Genes
Authors: Yu Meihua , Huang Lingling , Mao Jiaqi , DNA Gese , Luo Siyang
Published: March 2020

Resilience, a psychological trait conceptualized as the ability to recover from setbacks, can be weakened by childhood maltreatment, which comprises childhood abuse and childhood neglect. The current study aimed to investigate whether childhood maltreatment could increase automatic negative thoughts (ANT), thus weakening resilience. Furthermore, as psychological characteristics are commonly subject to the moderating effects of cultural context and biology, the study also explored whether and how cultural and genetic factors separately interact with childhood maltreatment to predict resilience. In study 1, the participants comprised 237 American and 347 Chinese individuals; study 2 included 428 genotyped Chinese individuals. We combined regression, mediation, moderation, and machine learning methods to test the mediating effect of ANT on the link between childhood maltreatment and resilience as well as the moderating roles of culture and genetics. Study 1 found that both childhood abuse and childhood neglect increased ANT and thus weakened resilience. In addition, the ANT-mediating effects of childhood neglect were stronger in American than Chinese participants. In Study 2, using the leave-one-out approach, we constructed two separate prediction models based on 22 and 16 important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and we found that the interaction between childhood abuse/neglect and polygenic scores based on important SNPs could predict ANT. The mediating effects of ANT on the relationship between childhood abuse/neglect and resilience were significant for participants with low polygenic scores but not for those with high polygenic scores. In conclusion, both the cultural environment and individual genetic makeup moderated the mediating effects of ANT on the association between childhood maltreatment and resilience. These findings indicated the roles of culture and genetics in protecting against the adverse effects of childhood maltreatment on resilience.
Difficulties in Career Decision Making and Self-Evaluations: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Udayar Shagini , Levin Nimrod , Lipshits-Braziler Yuliya , Rochat Shékina , Di Fabio Annamaria , Gati Itamar , Sovet Laurent , Rossier Jérôme
Published: March 2020

This meta-analysis examined the association between two types of difficulties in career decision making—indecision and indecisiveness—and four types of self-evaluations: generalized self-efficacy, process-related self-efficacy, content-related self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Analyses were conducted on data from 86 studies ( N = 54,160): Process-related self-efficacy showed stronger negative associations with career indecision than did generalized self-efficacy, content-related self-efficacy, or self-esteem. In contrast, self-esteem showed stronger negative associations with indecisiveness than with career indecision. The second part of this meta-analysis focused on differential associations between two types of self-evaluations (process-related self-efficacy and self-esteem) and the three major clusters of difficulties in career decision making (lack of readiness, lack of information, and inconsistent information). Based on 19 studies ( N = 7,953), the findings showed that process-related self-efficacy was strongly and negatively associated with lack of information and inconsistent information. In contrast, self-esteem was only weakly related to the three major clusters of difficulties in career decision making. In showing that each type of self-evaluation was more strongly associated with certain types and causes of difficulties in career decision making, the present article highlighted the importance of self-evaluations in the career decision-making process.
Adaptive control designs for control-based continuation in a class of uncertain discrete-time dynamical systems
Authors: Li Yang , Dankowicz Harry
Published: March 2020

This article proposes a methodology for integrating adaptive control with the control-based continuation paradigm for a class of uncertain, linear, discrete-time systems. The proposed adaptive control strategies aim to stabilize the closed-loop dynamics with convergence toward a known reference input, such that the dynamics approach the open-loop fixed point if the reference input is chosen to make the steady-state control input equal 0. This enables the tracking of a parameterized branch of open-loop fixed points using methods of numerical continuation without specific knowledge about the system. We implement two different adaptive control strategies: model-reference adaptive control and pole-placement adaptive control. Both implementations achieve the desired objectives for the closed-loop dynamics and support parameter continuation. These properties, as well as the boundedness of system states and control inputs, are guaranteed provided that certain stability conditions are satisfied. Besides, the tuning effort is significantly reduced in the adaptive control schemes compared with traditional proportional–derivative controllers and linear state-space feedback controllers.
Academically Oriented Activity Breaks for First-Grade Chilean Students: Development and Pilot Testing Effectiveness
Authors: Kain Juliana , Ortega Alejandra , Garmendia María Luisa , Corvalán Camila , Marambio Paola , Rojas Joanna , Muñoz Camila , Leyton Barbara
Published: March 2020

We developed and pilot tested the effectiveness of a physically active academic program, Active Breaks (AB), whose objective is to increase school time moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among first graders, through daily 15-minute bouts of MVPA, at the beginning of the first lesson. Initially, 240 cards including one game each were developed and tested in first-grade students from 16 schools in Santiago. Trained observers and school teachers assessed the time, ease, and feasibility of implementation for each card. Barriers and facilitators to implementation were obtained from semistructured interviews to 14 teachers (out of 16). In eight schools ( n = 556 students), we compared school time MVPA (with accelerometers) at baseline and follow-up, using test of proportions. One-hundred and twenty cards (games) complied with all aspects. AB were implemented 50% of the time with a duration of 14 minutes ( SD = 5). More than 90% of the time, teachers felt competent to conduct AB, and children understood the instructions and enjoyed the activity. The main facilitators included teachers liking physical activity and considering it important, support of principal and school staff, and conducting AB inside the classroom. Barriers included teacher’s workload and having to conduct AB during the first lesson. During the 4-month period of implementation, MVPA increased by 1.5 and 1.2 percentage points in boys and girls, respectively. The set of 120 cards is easy and feasible to implement. Moreover, preliminary results suggest they could be effective in increasing MVPA during school time, although studies with longer follow-ups are needed to assess the validity of these findings.