bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimates of persistent inward currents are reduced in upper limb motor units of older adults
Authors: Hassan Altamash S. , Fajardo Melissa E. , Cummings Mark , McPherson Laura Miller , Negro Francesco , Dewald Julius P. A. , Heckman C. J. , Pearcey Gregory E. P.
Published: September 2021

Ageing is a natural process causing alterations in the neuromuscular system, which contributes to reduced quality of life. Motor unit (MU) contributes to weakness, but the mechanisms underlying reduced firing rates are unclear. Persistent inward currents (PICs) are crucial for initiation, gain control and maintenance of motoneuron firing, and are directly proportional to the level of monoaminergic input. Since concentrations of monoamines (i.e. serotonin and noradrenaline) are reduced with age, we sought to determine if estimates of PICs are reduced in older (>60 years old) compared to younger adults (<35 years old). We decomposed MU spike trains from high‐density surface electromyography over the biceps and triceps brachii during isometric ramp contractions to 20% of maximum. Estimates of PICs (ΔFrequency; or simply ΔF) were computed using the paired MU analysis technique. Regardless of the muscle, peak firing rates of older adults were reduced by ∼1.6 pulses per second (pps) (P = 0.0292), and ΔF was reduced by ∼1.9 pps (P < 0.0001), compared to younger adults. We further found that age predicted ΔF in older adults (P = 0.0261), resulting in a reduction of ∼1 pps per decade, but there was no relationship in younger adults (P = 0.9637). These findings suggest that PICs are reduced in the upper limbs of older adults during submaximal isometric contractions. Reduced PIC magnitude represents one plausible mechanism for reduced firing rates and function in older individuals, but further work is required to understand the implications in other muscles and during a variety of motor tasks.

Key points

Persistent inward currents play an important role in the neural control of human movement and are influenced by neuromodulation via monoamines originating in the brainstem.

During ageing, motor unit firing rates are reduced, and there is deterioration of brainstem nuclei, which may reduce persistent inward currents in alpha motoneurons.

Here we show that estimates of persistent inward currents (ΔF) of both elbow flexor and extensor motor units are reduced in older adults.

Estimates of persistent inward currents have a negative relationship with age in the older adults, but not in the young.

This novel mechanism may play a role in the alteration of motor firing rates that occurs with ageing, which may have consequences for motor control.
Proceed With Caution: A Teaching Case Study of Youth Sport Specialization
Authors: Schoeff Makenzie A. , Morey Katie R. , Johnson James E. , Eicher Anya T. , Judge Lawrence W.
Published: September 2021

As sport specialization continues to shape the youth sport landscape, it is critical for sport management professionals, coaches, parents, and athletes to understand how this trend affects programming and policy development. While youth sport specialization often leads to increased athletic skill in an accelerated time frame, specialization can result in overuse injury, burnout, and delayed social development for children. It is essential that sport management students are aware of the trend in youth sport specialization and the various opportunities available to help educate/collaborate with stakeholders. Furthermore, students need to be exposed to youth sport specialization to better understand how to efficiently manage policy and programs involved in youth, and to understand contemporary research and theory leading to best practices.
High-salt diet mediates interplay between NK cells and gut microbiota to induce potent tumor immunity
Authors: Rizvi Zaigham Abbas , Dalal Rajdeep , Sadhu Srikanth , Kumar Yashwant , Kumar Shakti , Gupta Sonu Kumar , Tripathy Manas Ranjan , Rathore Deepak Kumar , Awasthi Amit
Published: September 2021

Salt triggers tumor immunity through microbiota-mediated NK cell activation.
Enhanced medium-range order in vapor-deposited germania glasses at elevated temperatures
Authors: Yang Le , Vajente Gabriele , Fazio Mariana , Ananyeva Alena , Billingsley GariLynn , Markosyan Ashot , Bassiri Riccardo , Prasai Kiran , Fejer Martin M. , Chicoine Martin , Schiettekatte François , Menoni Carmen S.
Published: September 2021

The medium-range order in GeO
2
thin-film glasses is higher with elevated deposition temperature.
Optogenetic modeling of human neuromuscular circuits in Duchenne muscular dystrophy with CRISPR and pharmacological corrections
Authors: Paredes-Redondo Amaia , Harley Peter , Maniati Eleni , Ryan David , Louzada Sandra , Meng Jinhong , Kowala Anna , Fu Beiyuan , Yang Fengtang , Liu Pentao , Marino Silvia , Pourquié Olivier , Muntoni Francesco , Wang Jun , Lieberam Ivo , Lin Yung-Yao
Published: September 2021

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by
dystrophin
gene mutations leading to skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. Dystrophin is enriched at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), but how NMJ abnormalities contribute to DMD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we combine transcriptome analysis and modeling of DMD patient-derived neuromuscular circuits with CRISPR-corrected isogenic controls in compartmentalized microdevices. We show that NMJ volumes and optogenetic motor neuron–stimulated myofiber contraction are compromised in DMD neuromuscular circuits, which can be rescued by pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signaling, an observation validated in a 96-well human neuromuscular circuit coculture assay. These beneficial effects are associated with normalization of dysregulated gene expression in DMD myogenic transcriptomes affecting NMJ assembly (e.g.,
MUSK
) and axon guidance (e.g.,
SLIT2
and
SLIT3
). Our study provides a new human microphysiological model for investigating NMJ defects in DMD and assessing candidate drugs and suggests that enhancing neuromuscular connectivity may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
Sweepstake reproductive success and collective dispersal produce chaotic genetic patchiness in a broadcast spawner
Authors: Vendrami David L. J. , Peck Lloyd S. , Clark Melody S. , Eldon Bjarki , Meredith Michael , Hoffman Joseph I.
Published: September 2021

Extreme variation in reproductive success and correlated larval dispersal produce chaotic genetic patchiness in a marine mollusc.
Hydraulic jump dynamics above supercell thunderstorms
Authors: O’Neill Morgan E , Orf Leigh , Heymsfield Gerald M. , Halbert Kelton
Published: September 2021

Water up

Above-anvil cirrus plumes are stratospheric cloud formations that form downwind from the tops of some very strong thunderstorms. Despite their common occurrence, an adequate physical model explaining many of their features and effects does not exist. O’Neill
et al
. show that the storm supercell that extends into the stratosphere functions like a physical barrier, deflecting wind streams there like a topographic obstacle and driving a hydraulic jump downstream at the tropopause (see the Perspective by Smith). This feature triggers the intense injection of water vapor deep into the stratosphere, leading to a substantial increase in stratospheric humidity. —HJS
Complete Genome Sequences of Two WU Polyomaviruses Detected in Pediatric Patients with Fatal Respiratory Infection
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Feng Qianyu , Wang Xiaohui , Liu Yingchao , Qian Suyun , Xu Lili , Xie Zhengde
Published: September 2021

Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) strains, both obtained in 2020 from pediatric patients with fatal respiratory infection in Beijing, China. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome sequences of BCH2008-1 and BCH2020_1 are 5,229 bp and 5,228 bp long, respectively.
Patterns of incision and deformation on the southern flank of the Yellowstone hotspot from terraces and topography
Authors: Tuzlak Daphnee , Pederson Joel , Bufe Aaron , Rittenour Tammy
Published: September 2021

Understanding the dynamics of the greater Yellowstone region requires constraints on deformation spanning million year to decadal timescales, but intermediate-scale (Quaternary) records of erosion and deformation are lacking. The Upper Snake River drainage crosses from the uplifting region that encompasses the Yellowstone Plateau into the subsiding Snake River Plain and provides an opportunity to investigate a transect across the trailing margin of the hotspot. Here, we present a new chronostratigraphy of fluvial terraces along the lower Hoback and Upper Snake Rivers and measure drainage characteristics through Alpine Canyon interpreted in the context of bedrock erodibility. We attempt to evaluate whether incision is driven by uplift of the Yellowstone system, subsidence of the Snake River Plain, or individual faults along the river's path. The Upper Snake River in our study area is incising at roughly 0.3 m/k.y. (300 m/m.y.), which is similar to estimates from drainages at the leading eastern margin of the Yellowstone system. The pattern of terrace incision, however, is not consistent with widely hypothesized headwater uplift from the hotspot but instead is consistent with downstream baselevel fall as well as localized deformation along normal faults. Both the Astoria and Hoback faults are documented as active in the late Quaternary, and an offset terrace indicates a slip rate of 0.25–0.5 m/k.y. (250–500 m/m.y.) for the Hoback fault. Although tributary channel steepness corresponds with bedrock strength, patterns of χ across divides support baselevel fall to the west. Subsidence of the Snake River Plain may be a source of this baselevel fall, but we suggest that the closer Grand Valley fault system could be more active than previously thought.
Optical soliton perturbation with Kudryashov’s law of refractive index by modified sub-ODE approach
Authors: Zayed Elsayed M. E. , Alngar Mohamed E. M. , Shohib Reham M. A. , Khan Salam , Biswas Anjan , Dakova Anelia , Alzahrani Abdullah Khamis , Belic Milivoj R.
Published: September 2021

This paper implements the sub-ODE method and a wide spectrum of solitons are recovered for Kudryashov’s law of refractive index. The self-phase modulation comprises of four nonlinear components of refractive index. The perturbation terms are all of Hamiltonian type and are considered with maximum intensity. The solutions are written in terms of Weierstrass’ elliptic functions and Jacobi’s elliptic function. With the modulus of ellipticity approaching zero or unity, soliton solutions emerge.
PRACTICAL INVESTMENT CONSEQUENCES OF THE SCALARIZATION PARAMETER FORMULATION IN DYNAMIC MEAN–VARIANCE PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION
Authors: VAN STADEN PIETER M. , DANG DUY-MINH , FORSYTH PETER A.
Published: September 2021

We consider the practical investment consequences of implementing the two most popular formulations of the scalarization (or risk-aversion) parameter in the time-consistent dynamic mean–variance (MV) portfolio optimization problem. Specifically, we compare results using a scalarization parameter assumed to be (i) constant and (ii) inversely proportional to the investor’s wealth. Since the link between the scalarization parameter formulation and risk preferences is known to be nontrivial (even in the case where a constant scalarization parameter is used), the comparison is viewed from the perspective of an investor who is otherwise agnostic regarding the philosophical motivations underlying the different formulations and their relation to theoretical risk-aversion considerations, and instead simply wishes to compare investment outcomes of the different strategies. In order to consider the investment problem in a realistic setting, we extend some known results to allow for the case where the risky asset follows a jump-diffusion process, and examine multiple sets of plausible investment constraints that are applied simultaneously. We show that the investment strategies obtained using a scalarization parameter that is inversely proportional to wealth, which enjoys widespread popularity in the literature applying MV optimization in institutional settings, can exhibit some undesirable and impractical characteristics.
Binary perovskite solid solutions and trends in their phase transitions temperatures variation
Authors: Geguzina G. A. , Popova I. G. , Panich A. E.
Published: September 2021

Some of the known binary ABO3 perovskites with ferro- (FE) or antiferroelectric (AFE) at [Formula: see text] and different magnetic phase transitions (PT): ferro-and antiferromagnetic at [Formula: see text] and also some of their solid solutions are considered. Some correlations between their FE or AFE and/or magnetic PTs temperatures, on the one hand, and their interatomic bond [Formula: see text]–O strains, on the other hand, have been constructed. It is shown that in the plotted diagrams these temperatures change with a change in [Formula: see text] values as follows: classical FEs are followed by multiferroics, starting with BiFeO3 and ending with YVO3, followed by classical AFEs. At the same time, the temperatures [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] experience maxima at the corresponding points for BiFeO3, then quickly decrease, and the difference between them, [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text], basically also decreases, slightly increasing along the way to the point EuTiO3. which made it possible to systematize these [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
“N.A.M.E.” FUN! Emojis may illustrate structure-function relationships of neurotransmitters to health professions students
Authors: Mahaffey Angela L.
Published: September 2021

This article provides a qualitative examination of student responses to an enjoyable online experience illustrating structure-function relationships of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) in the human nervous system via text messaging emojis (often employed during mobile phone messaging). The “N.A.M.E.” (Neurotransmitters as Messaging Emojis) FUN! experience was presented to 216 undergraduate health professions students enrolled in a human physiology course during Spring 2020 ( N = 117) and Spring 2021 ( N = 99) semesters as a learning tool, during a time in which students struggled with the concepts of neurotransmitter function. Additional goals for this fun experience design are to 1) engage health professions students in the topics of chemical messengers in the nervous system, and provide 2) a learning tool for students enrolled in the human physiology courses and 3) a memorization online worksheet for select neurotransmitter function. Student participants were able to access the online neurotransmitter fun experience via mobile phone and/or laptop. Resulting analyses of the voluntary and anonymous survey highlight positive responses in both Spring 2020 and 2021 semesters to the online “N.A.M.E.” experience and furthermore the recommendation of student participants to include this online experience in future lecture assignments for the Human Physiology course. Here, we examine several data sets (tables) as we review student choices for matching emojis to neurotransmitter function and qualitative responses on the efficacy of this online match-up fun as a learning tool in a human physiology course for health professions.
Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic induces Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling and eNOS expression resulting in improvement of myocardial diastolic function
Authors: Aboulgheit Ahmed , Karbasiafshar Catherine , Zhang Zhiqi , Sabra Mohamed , Shi Guangbin , Tucker Aja , Sodha Neel , Abid M. Ruhul , Sellke Frank W.
Published: September 2021

Colonization of the gut microbiome with certain strains of L. Plantarum has been shown to convert caffeic acid readily available in applesauce to 4-vinyl-catechol, a potent activator of the Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway. In this exciting study, we show that simple dietary supplementation with L. Plantarum-applesauce-mediated Nrf2 activation supports vascular function, ameliorates myocardial ischemic diastolic dysfunction, and upregulates expression of eNOS.
Short-Term Electric Load Prediction and Early Warning in Industrial Parks Based on Neural Network
Authors: Wang Guannan , Yang Pei , Chen Jiayi
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes a load forecasting method based on LSTM model, fully explores the regularity of historical load data of industrial park enterprises, inputs the data features into LSTM units for feature extraction, and applies the attention-based model for load forecasting. The experiments show that the accuracy of our prediction model and early warning model is better than that of the baseline and can reach the standard of application in practice; this model can also be used for early warning of local sudden large loads and identification of enterprise power demand. Therefore, the validity of the method proposed in this paper is verified using the historical dataset of industrial parks, and relevant technical products and business models are formed to provide value-added services to users by combining existing practical cases for the specific scenario of industrial parks.
Designated-Verifier Anonymous Credential for Identity Management in Decentralized Systems
Authors: Deng Xudong , Tian Chengliang , Chen Fei , Xian Hequn
Published: September 2021

Most of the existing identity management is the centralized architecture that has to validate, certify, and manage identity in a centralized approach by trusted authorities. Decentralized identity is causing widespread public concern because it enables to give back control of identity to clients, and the client then has the ability to control when, where, and with whom they share their credentials. A decentralized solution atop on blockchain will bypass the centralized architecture and address the single point of the failure problem. To our knowledge, blockchain is an inherited pseudonym but it cannot achieve anonymity and auditability directly. In this paper, we approach the problem of decentralized identity management starting from the designated-verifier anonymous credential (DVAC in short). DVAC would assist to build a new practical decentralized identity management with anonymity and auditability. Apart from the advantages of the conventional anonymous credential, the main advantage of the proposed DVAC atop blockchain is that the issued cryptographic token will be divided into shares at the issue phase and will be combined at the showing credential phase. Further, the smooth projective hash function (

SPHF

in short) is regarded as a designated-verifier zero-knowledge proof system. Thus, we introduce the

SPHF

to achieve the designated verifiability without compromising the privacy of clients. Finally, the security of the proposed DVAC is proved along with theoretical and experimental evaluations.
Botnet Attack Detection by Using CNN-LSTM Model for Internet of Things Applications
Authors: Alkahtani Hasan , Aldhyani Theyazn H. H.
Published: September 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) has grown rapidly, and nowadays, it is exploited by cyber attacks on IoT devices. An accurate system to identify malicious attacks on the IoT environment has become very important for minimizing security risks on IoT devices. Botnet attacks are among the most serious and widespread attacks, and they threaten IoT devices. Motionless IoT devices have a security weakness due to lack of sufficient memory and computation results for a security platform. In addition, numerous existing systems present themselves for finding unknown patterns from IoT networks to improve security. In this study, hybrid deep learning, a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) algorithm, was proposed to detect botnet attacks, namely, BASHLITE and Mirai, on nine commercial IoT devices. Extensive empirical research was performed by employing a real N-BaIoT dataset extracted from a real system, including benign and malicious patterns. The experimental results exposed the superiority of the CNN-LSTM model with accuracies of 90.88% and 88.61% in detecting botnet attacks from doorbells (Danminin and Ennio brands), whereas the proposed system achieved good accuracy (88.53%) in identifying botnet attacks from thermostat devices. The accuracies of the proposed system in detecting botnet attacks from security cameras were 87.19%, 89.23%, 87.76%, and 89.64%, with respect to accuracy metrics. Overall, the CNN-LSTM model was successful in detecting botnet attacks from various IoT devices with optimal accuracy.
Automatic Segmentation Algorithm of Magnetic Resonance Image in Diagnosis of Liver Cancer Patients under Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Jinling , Yang Jun , Zhao Min
Published: September 2021

To study the influence of different sequences of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images on the segmentation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions, the U-Net was improved. Moreover, deep fusion network (DFN), data enhancement strategy, and random data (RD) strategy were introduced, and a multisequence MRI image segmentation algorithm based on DFN was proposed. The segmentation experiments of single-sequence MRI image and multisequence MRI image were designed, and the segmentation result of single-sequence MRI image was compared with those of convolutional neural network (FCN) algorithm. In addition, RD experiment and single-input experiment were also designed. It was found that the sensitivity (0.595 ± 0.145) and DSC (0.587 ± 0.113) obtained by improved U-Net were significantly higher than the sensitivity (0.405 ± 0.098) and DSC (0.468 ± 0.115,

P
<
0.05

) obtained by U-Net. The sensitivity of multisequence MRI image segmentation algorithm based on DFN (0.779 ± 0.015) was significantly higher than that of FCN algorithm (0.604 ± 0.056,

P
<
0.05

). The multisequence MRI image segmentation algorithm based on the DFN had higher indicators for liver cancer lesions than those of the improved U-Net. When RD was added, it not only increased the DSC of the single-sequence network enhanced by the hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance contrast agent (Gd-EOB-DTPA) by 1% but also increased the DSC of the multisequence MRI image segmentation algorithm based on DFN by 7.6%. In short, the improved U-Net can significantly improve the recognition rate of small lesions in liver cancer patients. The addition of RD strategy improved the segmentation indicators of liver cancer lesions of the DFN and can fuse image features of multiple sequences, thereby improving the accuracy of lesion segmentation.
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Different Germ Layer-Derived Adult Stem Cells in the Past Decade
Authors: Li Yu , Kamei Yuzuru , Kambe Miki , Ebisawa Katsumi , Oishi Mayumi , Takanari Keisuke
Published: September 2021

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system. Although the peripheral nervous system has a higher regenerative ability than the central nervous system, delayed treatment is associated with disturbances in both distal sensory and functional abilities. Over the past decades, adult stem cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve injuries have drawn attention from researchers. This is because various stem cells can promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries by differentiating into neural-line cells, secreting various neurotrophic factors, and regulating the activity of in situ Schwann cells (SCs). This article reviewed research from the past 10 years on the role of stem cells in the repair of PNIs. We concluded that adult stem cell-based therapies promote the regeneration of PNI in various ways.
Sharp Bounds on the Spectral Radii of Uniform Hypergraphs concerning Diameter or Clique Number
Authors: Niu Qiannan , Ren Haizhen , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we defined two classes of hypergraphs, hyperbugs and kite hypergraphs. We show that balanced hyperbugs maximize the spectral radii of hypergraphs with fixed number of vertices and diameter and kite hypergraphs minimize the spectral radii of hypergraphs with fixed number of vertices and clique number.
Determinants of the Use of Hermetic Storage Bags for Maize Storage among Smallholder Farmers in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonen Tigist Kefale , Wubetie Biruk Yazie
Published: September 2021

In Ethiopia, postharvest losses, mainly storage losses by insects, are very critical problems in agricultural production systems. In particular, maize is highly susceptible to insect and pest attacks in the storage. These storage losses affect the livelihood of small-scale farmers by aggravating their food insecurity and reducing their household income. This critical problem forced the farmers to look forward modern storage technologies like Purdue improved crop storage (PICS) bags, but its adoption is considerably low in the study area. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to examine the determinants to use PICS bags for maize storage. Data were collected through semistructured questionnaire, group discussion, key informants, and direct observation. A total of 392 sample household heads were selected by simple random sampling techniques. Binary logistic regression model, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. This study revealed that, about 58% of the respondents replied that the importance of PICS bags in reducing insect damage was high. The results of binary logit model also indicated that educational level, sex, awareness, training, accessibility, perception on the effect of pesticide, social responsibility, and total income of the household positively and significantly affect farmers’ decision to use PICS bags. Moreover, the price of PICS affects negatively and significantly. Therefore, policy makers have to give emphasis for this newly introduced storage technology to address storage loss problems by taking in to account these determinants.
Detection of Illegal Movement in Radioactive Material Transportation Security Systems
Authors: Zeng Tiejun , Yang Xiaohua , Wan Yaping , Jiang Panpan , Zhenghai Liu
Published: September 2021

The loss and theft of radioactive material in transport can be attributed to the illegal movement. In order to distinguish it from the movement caused by the turbulence of the transportation vehicle, this paper proposes the criterion of “illegal movement” as the movement of radioactive materials outside the transportation compartment. Since the interior of the compartment is generally a metal environment, this paper proposes wireless signal strength data as a sensing method. The wireless signal strength data is filtered and converted into distance data. We construct a spatial triangle perpendicular to the top and sides of the compartment based on the distance data. When the radioactive material is inside the compartment, the angle between its corresponding point and the top plane of the compartment is less than 90°. Once it moves out of the compartment, the angle will be greater than 90°. Based on this, a sensing method of “illegal movement” based on spatial triangles is proposed. The simulation research shows that the scheme proposed in this paper is feasible.
An Overview and Mechanism for the Coexistence of 5G NR‐U (New Radio Unlicensed) in the Millimeter‐Wave Spectrum for Indoor Small Cells
Authors: Saha Rony Kumer
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we first give an overview of the coexistence of cellular with IEEE 802.11 technologies in the unlicensed bands. We then present a coexistence mechanism for Fifth‐Generation (5G) New Radio on Unlicensed (NR‐U) small cells located within buildings to coexist with the IEEE 802.11ad/ay, also termed as Wireless Gigabit (WiGig). Small cells are dual‐band enabled operating in the 60 GHz unlicensed and 28 GHz licensed millimeter‐wave (mmW) bands. We develop an interference avoidance scheme in the time domain to avoid cochannel interference (CCI) between in‐building NR‐U small cells and WiGig access points (APs). We then derive average capacity, spectral efficiency (SE), and energy efficiency (EE) performance metrics of in‐building small cells. Extensive system‐level numerical and simulation results and analyses are carried out for a number of variants of NR‐U, including NR standalone, NR‐U standalone, and NR‐U anchored. We also analyze the impact of the spatial reuse of both mmW spectra of multiple NR‐U anchored operators with a WiGig operator. It is shown that NR‐U anchored provides the best average capacity and EE performances, whereas NR‐U standalone provides the best SE performance. Moreover, both vertical spatial reuse intrabuilding level and horizontal spatial reuse interbuilding level of mmW spectra in small cells of an NR‐U anchored can improve its SE and EE performances. Finally, we show that by choosing appropriate values of vertical and horizontal spatial reuse factors, the proposed coexistence mechanism can achieve the expected SE and EE requirements for the future Sixth‐Generation (6G) mobile networks.
Statistical Research on the Development of Rural Tourism Economy Industry under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Zhou Jinyu
Published: September 2021

China is rich in rural tourism resources. In recent years, rural tourism has been the focus of tourism development in various regions, which has greatly promoted the development of rural economy. But at the same time, low efficiency, unreasonable development, and homogeneous tourism environment have affected rural tourism and reduced the competitiveness of rural tourism. In order to explore innovative ideas and countermeasures for the development of “big data + rural tourism,” improve the development of rural tourism economy and industry, and improve the competitiveness of rural tourism, based on related researches on rural tourism, tourism competitiveness, coordination, etc., starting from the particularity of the rural tourism system, this paper proposes the use of coordination and coupling theory to analyze the status quo of rural tourism economic industry in a certain place in Jiangxi. The interaction of efficiency and competitiveness of rural tourism, such as infrastructure, has been studied in depth. The study found that, in rural tourism, efficiency and competitiveness are positively related. The higher the environmental index, the stronger the competitiveness. When the environment and competitiveness are coordinated, the economic benefits that can be created are about 30% higher than normal. This shows that, for rural tourism to develop better, it is an indispensable condition for the coordination of competitiveness and the environment.
One-Dimensional Nonlinear Consolidation Analysis Using Hansbo’s Flow Model and Rebound-Recompression Characteristics of Soil under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Zhu Banghua , Shi Gang , Wei Zihe
Published: September 2021

Hansbo’s flow model for one-dimensional consolidation analysis of saturated clay has been widely recognized as being the most representative for soft soils. Many studies have used the model to examine the characteristics of soil under various conditions. However, very few studies have considered soil under cyclic loading. In this study, using a Hansbo’s flow model and assuming known characteristics for soft clay deformation and rebound and recompression of soil, the one-dimensional consolidation model of soft clay under cyclic loading is established. A FlexPDE solution scheme with excess pore pressure

u

and void ratio

e

as variables is also given. The reliability of the proposed method is verified by comparing the obtained results with existing results. On this basis, the consolidation characteristics of soft clay foundations under unilateral drainage and cyclic loading are studied. The effects of soil rebound and recompression characteristics, Hansbo’s flow parameters, cyclic loading period, and cyclic loading form on the consolidation characteristics of soft clay foundation are analyzed. The results show that under cyclic loading, the effective stress, void ratio, and average consolidation degree of the foundation all present a cyclic state and gradually enter a stable cyclic state with the increase in cycles. The peak of effective stress lags behind the peak of cyclic load. The rebound and recompression characteristics of soil have little effect on the effective stress of soil but a great effect on the void ratio. In contrast to its characteristic under linear loading, the average consolidation degree of the foundation under cyclic loading finally enters a stable cyclic state. The results of the analysis can be used as a reference in the analysis of real life highways, railways, subway tunnels built on soft soil foundations subjected to periodic cyclic loading.
Nationwide Survey of German Outpatient Gynecologic Oncology Practices during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Reactions to the First Wave and Future Perspectives
Authors: Vu Erwin , Schröder Christina , Dülk Jonas , Stelmes Jean-Jacques , Vu Jennifer , Schilling Jörg , Förster Frank Gerhard , Förster Robert ,   Berufsverband Niedergelassener Gynäkologischer Onkologen in Deutschland e.V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In the spring of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 posed a substantial challenge for countries and their healthcare systems. In Germany, over 70% of all cancer patients are treated in an outpatient setting, so gynecologic oncology practices are the guarantors of optimal patient care. We developed a survey to evaluate the management of gynecologic oncology patients. Methods: The survey consisted of 38 questions and was sent to the members of the Berufsverband Niedergelassener Gynäkologischer Onkologen in Deutschland e.V. (BNGO), a professional association of gynecologic oncologists in the outpatient sector in Germany. Results: The survey was completed by 54 out of 133 (41%) gynecologic oncologists from 14 out of 15 (93%) federal states where the BNGO is represented. Facing the pandemic, popular measures were mask requirements (100%), restriction of access to practices (94%), increased number of disinfectant dispensers (85%), installment of panes of acrylic glass (76%), or spatial alterations (67%). For most patients the pandemic had no influence on prioritization of therapies (82%) or prescribed systemic treatments (87%). Despite an increase in perceived psychological burden among the staff (72%), 85% (45/54) of the practices were not offered any additional psychological support. Discussion and Conclusion: As most cancer patients in Germany are treated in an outpatient setting, a suitable reaction of oncology centers to the new circumstances was crucial to secure optimal treatment and patient care. Nevertheless, the low prioritization of mental health or distress of healthcare workers poses a serious threat to the maintenance of optimal medical care in further waves of the pandemic.
Carcinosarcoma of the Thoracic Esophagus That Presented as Focal Ulcerative Lesion
Authors: Yoneda Akira , Miyoshi Takayuki , Hida Taiji , Tetsuo Hanako , Murakami Shunsuke , Koga Yoichi , Hamada Takashi , Kitasato Amane , Takeshita Hiroaki , Kuroki Tamotsu
Published: September 2021

Esophageal carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. We report a case of esophageal carcinosarcoma in a 56-year-old woman with dysphagia. Esophageal ulcerative tumors were detected by endoscopy and resected by thoracoscopic esophagectomy. Carcinosarcoma was confirmed by the presence of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous tumor components. On immunohistochemistry, the sarcomatous area was positive for keratin staining, while the sarcomatous area was positive for vimentin staining. The tumor reportedly had a better prognosis than SCC of the esophagus, especially in terms of survival rate. The patient’s disease was classified as ypT3N0M0, ypStage II. No definitive diagnosis was made preoperatively. We report this case along with a review of the literature.
“Puro preconceito! Vem de brinde com a bola!”: o tabu da (homo)sexualidade em uma equipe de futsal feminino
Authors: Jardim Juliana Gomes , Betti Mauro
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho objetivou compreender as experiências educativas de praticantes de futsal feminino, com foco nas questões relativas ao gênero e à sexualidade, uma vez que o futebol ainda é um território de hegemonia dos homens. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo etnográfico com atletas de uma equipe universitária do interior paulista. Os resultados evidenciaram que as participantes sofreram uma série de discriminações ao longo de suas trajetórias na modalidade, associados às suas expressões de gênero e orientações sexuais. Diante da força coercitiva da heteronormatividade, a equipe fazia da homossexualidade um tabu. Concluiu-se que estas mulheres, simultaneamente, reproduziam e contestavam valores e atitudes relacionadas aos gêneros e sexualidades normativos. Por fim, evidenciou-se que o futsal assumia tal importância em suas vidas que as experiências vivenciadas constituíam parte de suas subjetividades.
Rede de atores da Educação Física no Rio Grande do Sul: o caso do professor Frederico Guilherme Gaelzer
Authors: Vicari Paulo Renato , Lyra Vanessa Bellani , Mazo Janice
Published: September 2021

Os estudos sobre o professor Frederico Guilherme Gaelzer destacaram, sobretudo, sua atuação na recreação pública, em Porto Alegre. Tais pesquisas, ao lançarem luzes sobre sua participação em alguns setores educacionais, pouco aludem sobre seu empenho no desenvolvimento da Educação Física nas escolas. Em razão disso, a presente pesquisa trata de investigar como ocorreu a atuação do professor Frederico Guilherme Gaelzer no cenário da Educação Física escolar sul-rio-grandense. Para fins deste estudo histórico-documental, além da revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema procedeu-se a análise de documentos. As fontes analisadas revelaram que Gaelzer sensibilizou o poder público de Porto Alegre sobre a importância da recreação e do esporte para os jovens, coordenando ações voltadas a oferta de práticas esportivas e competições no ambiente escolar e não-escolar, como as praças de Porto Alegre. Quanto a sua contribuição à Educação Física no Estado, podemos destacar a participação na organização dos primeiros Cursos Intensivos, os quais visavam a formação das professoras normalistas. Também foi professor da primeira instituição de ensino superior do Rio Grande do Sul voltada à formação de professoras (es) de Educação Física: a Escola Superior de Educação Física (ESEF).
João Alexandre Barbosa, leitor
Authors: Barbosa João Alexandre
Published: September 2021

Entrevista e depoimento concedidos à Marília Librandi Rocha. Originalmente publicados na revista Magma, n. 2, p. 11-23, São Paulo, dez /1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1769.mag.1995.80719
José Jobson Arruda, favorável
Authors: Arruda José Jobson de Andrade
Published: September 2021

Parecer do professor José Jobson de Andrade Arruda, então chefe do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, constante no processo nº 854/87, como favorável à criação do Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literatura Comparada.
Peanut Consumption and Risk of Stroke and Ischemic Heart Disease in Japanese Men and Women: The JPHC Study
Authors: Ikehara Satoyo , Iso Hiroyasu , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Saito Isao , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Kimura Takashi , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   the JPHC Study Group
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:

Several prospective cohort studies and a randomized clinical trial have shown the beneficial effects of peanut consumption on cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. We examined the association between peanut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in Japanese men and women.

Methods:

We analyzed data of 74 793 participants aged 45 to 74 years who completed a lifestyle questionnaire including the validated food frequency questionnaire in the Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study. They were followed up from 1995 to 2009 for cohort I and from 1998 to 1999 to 2012 for cohort II. Peanut consumption was calculated from the food frequency questionnaire, and the end points were incidence of stroke, ischemic heart disease, and cardiovascular disease (stroke and ischemic heart disease).

Results:

During a median follow-up of 14.8 years, 3,599 strokes and 849 ischemic heart diseases were reported. Higher peanut consumption was associated with reduced risks of total stroke, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular disease among men and women. The multivariable hazard ratios (95% CIs) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of peanut consumption after adjustment for age, sex, public health center, smoking, alcohol consumption, perceived stress level, physical activity, vegetable, fruit, fish, soy, sodium and total energy intakes, body mass index, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, and cholesterol-lowering drug were 0.84 (0.77–0.93,
P
for trend=0.002) for total stroke, 0.80 (0.71–0.90,
P
for trend=0.002) for ischemic stroke, 0.93 (0.79–1.08,
P
for trend=0.27) for hemorrhagic stroke, 0.97 (0.80–1.17,
P
for trend=0.81) for ischemic heart disease and 0.87 (0.80–0.94,
P
for trend=0.004) for cardiovascular disease, and these associations were similarly observed in both sexes.

Conclusions:

Higher peanut consumption was associated with reduced risk of stroke, especially ischemic stroke, but not ischemic heart disease in Japanese men and women.
Protective Role of Caregiver Preparedness on the Relationship Between Depression and Quality of Life in Stroke Dyads
Authors: Pucciarelli Gianluca , Lyons Karen S. , Petrizzo Antonello , Ambrosca Rossella , Simeone Silvio , Alvaro Rosaria , Lee Christopher S. , Vellone Ercole
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:

Depression and quality of life (QOL) have an interdependent and transactional nature in stroke survivor-caregiver dyads. While the strong relationship between depression and physical and emotional QOL in stroke survivor-caregiver dyads is well known, it is less clear if this relationship is moderated by caregiver preparedness, which could easily be targeted with interventions. In this study, we examined the moderating role of caregiver preparedness on the association between depression and QOL in stroke survivor-caregiver dyads.

Methods:

We used a longitudinal design with follow-ups every 3 months over a 1-year period. Considering the nonindependent nature of the data (survivors and their caregivers), we used multilevel modeling to analyze data at the dyad level. We implemented 4 longitudinal dyadic moderation models (one for each QOL domain: physical, psychological, social, and environmental) using hierarchical linear modeling.

Results:

A sample of 222 stroke survivor-caregiver dyads was analyzed. Stroke survivors were older (
M
=70.8, SD=11.9) than their caregivers (
M
=52.4, SD=13.1). Stroke survivors predominantly had an ischemic stroke, equally distributed by site. Caregivers were primarily female (66%), with a medium to high educational level (57%). Caregiver preparedness significantly moderated the association between survivor depression and survivor psychological (
B
=0.56,
P
<0.01) and environmental (
B
=0.58,
P
<0.01) QOL at baseline and social QOL over time (
B
=0.24,
P
<0.05). Similarly, caregiver preparedness significantly moderated the association between caregiver depression and caregiver physical (
B
=0.25,
P
<0.01) and environmental (
B
=0.18,
P
<0.05) QOL over time.

Conclusions:

Caregiver preparedness has a positive influence on both members of the dyad. Assessment of stroke-caregiver preparedness could be helpful to motivate clinicians to develop and implement interventions for stroke survivor-caregiver dyads.
StrokeCog Markov Model: Projected Prevalent and Incident Cases of Stroke and Poststroke Cognitive Impairment to 2035 in Ireland
Authors: Sexton Eithne , Donnelly Nora-Ann , Merriman Niamh A. , Hickey Anne , Wren Maev-Ann , O’Flaherty Martin , Bandosz Piotr , Guzman-Castillo Maria , Williams David J. , Horgan Frances , Pender Niall , Feeney Joanne , de Looze Céline , Kenny Rose Anne , Kelly Peter , Bennett Kathleen
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:

Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) and dementia are common stroke outcomes, with significant health and societal implications for aging populations. These outcomes are not included in current epidemiological models. We aimed to develop an epidemiological model to project incidence and prevalence of stroke, poststroke CIND and dementia, and life expectancy, in Ireland to 2035, informing policy and service planning.

Methods:

We developed a probabilistic Markov model (the StrokeCog model) applied to the Irish population aged 40 to 89 years to 2035. Data sources included official population and hospital-episode statistics, longitudinal cohort studies, and published estimates. Key assumptions were varied in sensitivity analysis. Results were externally validated against independent sources. The model tracks poststroke progression into health states characterized by no cognitive impairment, CIND, dementia, disability, stroke recurrence, and death.

Results:

We projected 69 051 people with prevalent stroke in Ireland in 2035 (22.0 per 1000 population [95% CI, 20.8–23.1]), with 25 274 (8.0 per 1000 population [95% CI, 7.1–9.0]) of those projected to have poststroke CIND, and 12 442 having poststroke dementia (4.0 per 1000 population [95% CI, 3.2–4.8]). We projected 8725 annual incident strokes in 2035 (2.8 per 1000 population [95% CI, 2.7–2.9]), with 3832 of these having CIND (1.2 per 1000 population [95% CI, 1.1–1.3]), and 1715 with dementia (0.5 per 1000 population [95% CI, 0.5–0.6]). Life expectancy for stroke survivors at age 50 was 23.4 years (95% CI, 22.3–24.5) for women and 20.7 (95% CI, 19.5–21.9) for men.

Conclusions:

This novel epidemiological model of stroke, poststroke CIND, and dementia draws on the best available evidence. Sensitivity analysis indicated that findings were robust to assumptions, and where there was uncertainty a conservative approach was taken. The StrokeCog model is a useful tool for service planning and cost-effectiveness analysis and is available for adaptation to other national contexts.
International Production Networks Are Overcoming COVID-19 Shocks:
Evidence from Japan's Machinery Trade
Authors: Ando Mitsuyo , Kimura Fukunari , Obashi Ayako
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the impacts of COVID-19 on international production networks in machinery sectors by shedding light on negative supply shocks, negative demand shocks, and positive demand shocks. Specifically, we examined changes in trade in the trade-fall periods amid COVID-19 in 2020 using Japan's machinery trade at the most disaggregated level and decomposed them into two intensive margins (i.e., the quantity effect and the price effect) and two extensive margins (i.e., the entry effect and the exit effect). Our empirical results show that trade relationships for parts and components were robust even amid COVID-19 and that international production networks in machinery sectors were almost intact. They also demonstrate that COVID-19 brought positive demand shocks for specific products with special demand due to its nature in addition to negative supply shocks and negative demand shocks, which partially explains heterogeneous effects not only among sectors but also among products in the same sector. As of October 2020, Japan's machinery trade seems to have mostly recovered.