bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Framework for the Analysis and Enhancement of the Accessibility of Large-Scale Urban Transit Networks: A Data-Driven Study for the City of Lyon, France
Authors: Senegas Simon , Furno Angelo , Palmas Paola , Simon Jérémie
Published: June 2023

Accessibility to a fixed point of interest is a powerful indicator for quantifying the strengths and weaknesses of a multimodal pedestrian and transit network. However, it is difficult to predict the impact on accessibility deriving from the insertion of a new infrastructure and its contribution to the urban landscape. This paper uses graph science and multisource open data to implement a tool for studying accessibility in combination with several network performance indicators. The tool allows determination of whether a transit infrastructure project can be beneficial for its potential users. In this paper, we propose to compute gravity-based accessibility, temporally bounded by an isochrone [Formula: see text]. We assume that the user always favors the shortest route, her rationality conditioned by real-time applications provided by network operators. By the proposed approach, the impacts on accessibility deriving from the construction of a new infrastructure, such as a new transit line, can be effectively quantified and the actors of urban planning can visually evaluate the consequences of their projects to make more informed decisions.
Effect of Combining Dhikr and Prayer Therapy on Pain and Vital Signs in Appendectomy Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Hidayat Arif Imam , Purnawan Iwan , Mulyaningrat Wahyudi , Saryono Saryono , Siwi Adiratna Sekar , Rias Yohanes Andy , Efendi Ferry
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Dhikr and prayer reduce pain and improve a patient's vital signs. However, the interactions among these require further clarification in patients undergoing appendectomy. This study aimed to assess the effects of the combination of dhikr and prayer on pain, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. Study design: Quasi-experimental design. Method: Pain, pulse, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were measured via clinical examination immediately after leaving the recovery room at 1 and 2 hr after surgery in both the experimental and control groups. In total, 88 eligible participants were allocated to two groups: participants who received both dhikr and prayer ( n  =  44), and those who received routine care without analgesic therapy ( n  =  44). The chi-square test, independent t test, and general equation model were employed. Results: Respondents showed a significant interaction between group and time to decrease in pain, pulse, respiratory rate, and improved oxygen saturation, except for pain within 1 hr. The differences in all outcome scores between the groups after 1 and 2 hr were statistically significant, except for oxygen saturation after 1 hr. Conclusion: The combination of dhikr and prayer effectively decreased pain and improved vital signs. This helped nurses implement this procedure by promoting an essential culture of spiritual care for appendectomy patients.
Modelling of rolling contact fatigue under various interface conditions
Authors: Goryacheva Irina , Meshcheryakova Almira
Published: June 2023

This study presents the results of modelling the rolling contact of the elastic sphere and the elastic half-space in the presence of a thin intermediate viscoelastic layer which properties are described by an elastic nonlinear Winkler body in the normal direction and a viscoelastic Maxwell body in the tangential direction. The analytical–numerical approach for the estimation of contact fatigue damage, accumulated in the elastic half-space under rolling friction conditions, is developed. The proposed model can be used, in particular, to study the effect of mechanical properties of the friction modifiers (elastic moduli and relaxation times) and its thickness as well as the relative slippage on the formation of the surface and under surface contact fatigue cracks in rails. The results of the analysis can also be applied for the estimation of efficiency of solid lubricants in rolling contacts under given operating conditions.
Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Multiple Myeloma Patients During the Immediate Peri-Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Phase
Authors: Awada Hussein , Hajj Ali Adel , Anwer Faiz , Shahzad Raza , Mazzoni Sandra , Williams Louis , Chaulagain Chakra , Hamilton Betty , Sauter Craig , Khouri Jack
Published: June 2023

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication commonly experienced in cancer patients. Incidence of VTE typically brings poor prognosis as it represents the second most common cause of mortality in cancer patients just after the malignancy itself. Studies suggest that multiple myeloma (MM) is among the malignancies with further enhanced risk of VTE, especially in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). However, risk factors and preventative approaches remain poorly explored. Here, we explore the incidence of VTE in MM patients undergoing AHCT, while also highlighting risk factors and preventions that may aid in preventing VTE in patients who are at higher risk.
Childhood Maltreatment, Executive Function, and Suicide Attempts in Adolescents
Authors: Brown Shaquanna , Tezanos Katherine M. , Nugent Nicole R.
Published: June 2023

Evidence suggests that child maltreatment is a risk factor for adolescent suicidal behavior. However, the differential influence of distinct forms of child maltreatment on adolescent suicide attempts is understudied and the factors that might exacerbate or ameliorate these associations warrant attention. We examined the associations between two distinct forms of child maltreatment (threat and deprivation) and suicide attempt history, and investigated whether executive function domains moderated these associations. Participants were 119 adolescents ( M = 15.24, SD = 1.46, 72.3% female) recruited from an inpatient psychiatric hospital during hospitalization for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Results indicated that the executive function domains of initiation, shifting, and planning/organization moderated the associations between threat and suicide attempt history. Associations between threat and suicide attempt history were significant only when initiation and shifting T-scores were lower ( OR = 1.22, p = .03 and OR = 1.32, p = .01, respectively). The association between threat and suicide attempt history trended toward significance when planning/organization T-scores were lower ( OR = 1.15, p = .10). None of the executive function domains moderated the link between deprivation and suicide attempt history. Findings highlight the need for research investigating whether initiation, shifting, and planning/organization might be amendable to intervention in the context of threat-related child maltreatment.
Injuries in Ballroom DanceSport: A Retrospective Study on Prevalence and Relation With Demographic Data
Authors: Keijsers Petra J. H. , Busscher Iris , Crijns Hubertina J. M. J. , Ewals René Ch. T.
Published: June 2023

Background:

DanceSport is a variant of Ballroom dancing, a style that is performed as a couple dancing together. Although there are many participants worldwide, the amount of research on injuries done in this style of dancing is limited.

Objective:

The aim of this study was obtaining information about the DanceSport Athletes in the Netherlands including anthropometrics, level, frequency and duration of dance training per week. Our second objective was to investigate injury prevalence and type of injuries.

Study Design:

Retrospective questionnaire study.

Methods:

All 816 registered active dancers within the Dutch DanceSport Association received an online questionnaire with questions on anthropometrics, level of dancing, frequency and duration of dance training, and questions on injuries. The Chi-Square test was used to calculate differences between categorical variables.

Results:

A total of 218 dancers (33.7%) completed the questionnaire, 107 males (49.1%), and 111 females (50.9%). The mean age for men was 42 ± 15.9 and 36 ± 15.1 for women. 176 dancers (80.7%) reported 1 or more injuries. Foot, ankle, and lower leg injuries were reported most frequently, 49 males (45.8%), and 60 females (54.1%). No significant difference was found in the total number of injuries for the variables sex ( P = .761) and discipline ( P = .225). Significantly more head and neck injuries were identified in female Standard dancers ( P < .001) compared to male dancers. Also, Standard dancers have more back injuries compared to dancers in both disciplines ( P < .009).

Conclusion:

With the described anthropometrics and an 80% lifetime prevalence of injuries, this group can be compared to other dance forms. Significant differences in injuries of the head and neck for female Standard dancers compared to male dancers and significantly more back injuries in Standard dancers compared to dancers in both disciplines were found. Future studies need to translate and validate existing questionnaires in Dutch for use in this population.
Safety Assessment of Polyglyceryl Fatty Acid Esters as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Fiume Monice M. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Gill Lillian J. , Heldreth Bart
Published: June 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 274 polyglyceryl fatty acid esters. Each of the esters in this group is a polyether comprising 2 to 20 glyceryl residues, end-capped by esterification with simple carboxylic acids, such as fatty acids. Most of these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents and/or surfactants. The Panel reviewed the available data and considered conclusions from their relevant previous reports, and determined that these ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.
Grit and postoperative opioid use after total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Ernst Andrew J , Briggs Avery M , Spooner Rebecca , Balazs George C , Goldman Ashton H
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Perioperative multimodal protocols following total joint replacements have significantly decreased the amount of perioperative and postoperative opioids. Further identification of those requiring more or less opioids through individualisation, may further aid in reducing the amount prescribed. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate whether a patient’s grit, the measurable psychological strength of character to persevere during hardship, measured by postoperative opioid consumption.

Methods:

Consecutive patients who had undergone either primary or revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) from February 2019 to August 2020 at our institution logged their opioid use for the first 2 weeks postoperatively, detailing the type, dosage, and number of narcotics they consumed. Those who completed their logs and a grit questionnaire had their average morphine equivalent dose (MED) and grit score calculated. Analysis was then performed to evaluate if any association existed between these 2 variables.

Results:

There was no correlation between grit score and postoperative opioid consumption in the first 2 weeks following discharge after total joint arthroplasty. A total of 144 patients were eligible to participate and a total of 86 patients met inclusion criteria, 48 patients in the TKA group and 38 in the THA group. Of all patients, 63% were male. The average MED was 95.5 for THAs and 192 for TKAs. The average grit score was 4.23 for THAs and 4.19 for TKAs.

Conclusions:

There is not an apparent association between grit score and postoperative opioid consumption in the first 2 weeks after total joint arthroplasty. General psychological resiliency may not be an important predictor of postoperative opioid use with modern postoperative protocols.
A qualitative examination of the implementation of optimal forager inspired crime reduction programmes in the United Kingdom
Authors: Halford Eric
Published: June 2023

Certain aspects of optimal forager theory (OFT), which is drawn from ecology, have shown positive results in predicting areas at risk of future domestic burglary offending. This led to police services developing analysis methods that embraced OFT to underpin their deployment of resources to prevent or reduce domestic burglary. There has been limited examination, using quantitative approaches, of how individual police services have implemented such crime reduction schemes. This study broadens this literature by qualitatively exploring OFT strategies within five police services. By interviewing participants involved in the programmes the study gathers views and perspectives of the implementations, identifying many positive by-products of the strategies. By contrast, factors affecting the implementation and application of the theoretical framework are also identified. Both good and bad are discussed in the context of their practical implications for police services globally looking to implement crime reduction plans that embrace OFT.
Men who hate women: The misogyny of involuntarily celibate men
Authors: Halpin Michael , Richard Norann , Preston Kayla , Gosse Meghan , Maguire Finlay
Published: June 2023

This article uses computational data and social science theories to analyze the misogynistic discourse of the involuntary celibate (“incel”) community. We analyzed every comment ( N = 3,686,110) produced over 42 months on a popular incel discussion board and found that nearly all active participants use misogynistic terms. Participants used misogynistic terms nearly one million times and at a rate 2.4 times greater than their use of neutral terms for women. The majority of participants’ use of misogynistic terms does not increase or decrease with post frequency, suggesting that members arrive (rather than become) misogynistic. We discuss these findings in relation to theories of intersectionality, masculinity, and sexism. We likewise discuss potential policies for mitigating incel misogyny and similar online discourse.
A new orthodontic force simulation system with a simulated periodontal ligament to measure the delivered force at the root apex
Authors: Tochigi Keisuke , Arai Kazuhito
Published: June 2023

Objective:

To develop a new orthodontic force simulation system with a simulated periodontal ligament (PDL) that enables measurement of the delivered force at the root apex and to clarify the relationship between the applied orthodontic force and the delivered force at the root apex.

Design:

In vitro study.

Setting:

Orthodontics department of a university, Tokyo, Japan.

Methods:

A new orthodontic force simulation system that enables measurement of the force at the root apex of the maxillary central incisor, was developed. Lingual and intrusion movements were simulated with applied orthodontic force at three levels: 50, 100 and 200 gf. The delivered forces at the root apex were compared between the two movements. Furthermore, the ratio of delivered force at the root apex to the applied orthodontic force (the apex force ratio) was calculated.

Results:

The magnitudes of delivered forces at the root apex were significantly greater in intrusion movement than in lingual movement ( P < 0.01). The apex force ratios were in the range of 47.3%–56.2% for lingual movement and 85.6%–86.2% for intrusion movement.

Conclusion:

The present study, of a newly developed orthodontic force simulation system, showed that the characteristics of the delivered force at the root apex differed according to the direction of tooth movement.
Chinese Herbal Medicine Improved Survival in Stage IV Breast Cancer Patients: Data Mining of the Incorporated Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and Hospital Database
Authors: Chen Po-En , Hung Hao-Hsiu , Huang Wei-Te , Yeh Chen-Hsuan , Kao Yi-Wei , Shia Ben-Chang , Huang Sheng-Teng
Published: June 2023

Background:

According to recent research, breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer type among the entire population. Meanwhile, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has become an important therapy to improve the survival rate and quality of life in metastatic cancer patients, as part of a wider trend toward more personalized medicine. However, there is a lack of research in terms of the association between stage IV breast cancer and CHM. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between CHM and the survival rate in breast cancer patients at different cancer stages, with a particular focus on patients diagnosed with stage IV.

Methods:

Patients with an initial diagnosis of breast cancer identified from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database (TCRD) and China Medical University Hospital (CMUH) database were included in this study. Demographic characteristics including gender, age, and comorbidities were evaluated. Between-group differences for continuous and categorical variables were evaluated by the Student’s t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited and divided into cohorts of CHM users and non-users with a 1:1 propensity score matching. The survival of breast cancer patients was assessed by the Cox proportional hazard model. The cumulative incidence of survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results:

The adjuvant CHM treatment was associated with a higher survival rate in stage IV breast cancer patients (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.2853-0.7044]. Additionally, the use of CHM had a positive impact on survival in stage IV breast cancer patients who had received surgery ( P: .0273, HR: 0.3406, 95% CI: 0.1309-0.8865), chemotherapy ( P: .0004, HR: 0.3893, 95% CI: 0.231-0.656), and hormone therapy ( P: .0013, HR: 0.3491, 95% CI: 0.1836-0.6636). In terms of the specific CHM associated with survival, Zhi-Gan-Cao-Tang (ZGCT), Phellodendron chinense Schneid. (huang-bai), and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (chi-shao) were the 3 most commonly prescribed herbal medicines correlated with a higher survival rate among stage IV breast cancer patients.

Conclusions:

CHM associated with conventional management achieved significant survival benefits in patients with stage IV breast cancer. Additional randomized controlled trials for prospective study are recommended for further validation.
What Would Peace look Like in Acapulco? The Views of Local Practitioners and Stakeholders
Authors: Gormally Sinéad , Arizpe Evelyn , Bahena-Rivera Alejandro
Published: June 2023

This article critically explores what peace means for 39 practitioners and stakeholders in the city of Acapulco, Mexico in 2021. Working in non-formal education, community development, the arts, and culturally based activities across the city, their responses provide unique insight into what peace might look like in a city with high levels of inequality, drug-related violence, and crime. Facilitating their vision of peace and getting participants to articulate what peace would look like for them, this article provides insights into practitioners’ views, changing the narrative from them being victims of violence to agents of positive social change. Peacebuilding literature frames the discussion, and the article concludes with lessons derived from the detailed analysis of participant views which might offer a pathway for others living and working in similar contexts.
Hierarchical lattice: Design strategy and topology characterization
Authors: Li He , Li Lingjie , Zhong Haozhang , Mo Hanxuan , Gu Mengyuan
Published: June 2023

The structure-material integrated design is an art-of-state concept and be enabled by additive manufacturing. The lattice material is classified into structure as well as material because mechanical properties are determined by its topology. However, the lack of a flexible design strategy hinders the lattice achieve the structure-material integrated material candidate. This work suggests the strut-nested based strategies to effectively conduct the hierarchical lattice design. The strut in the larger-scale lattice can be replaced by the smaller-scale lattice structure through the rotation, stretching, and translation operations combining the local and global numbering, thereby complete the multi-scale lattice design. The design skills are well elucidated with custom-developed algorithm; a serious of complex lattices achieve multi-scale design. The influence of hierarchical structures in lattices on a significant parameter, strut length-to-diameter, is identified. Our work offers the alternative strategy to realize the hierarchical lattice design.
Effects of bowel cleansing on the composition of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease patients and healthy controls
Authors: Bacsur Péter , Rutka Mariann , Asbóth András , Resál Tamás , Szántó Kata , Jójárt Boldizsár , Bálint Anita , Ari Eszter , Ajibola Walliyulahi , Kintses Bálint , Fehér Tamás , Pigniczki Daniella , Bor Renáta , Fábián Anna , Maléth József , Szepes Zoltán , Farkas Klaudia , Molnár Tamás
Published: June 2023

Background:

In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC), numerous cases of exacerbations could be observed after colonoscopy, raising the possible pathogenetic effect of colonic microbiota alterations in IBD flare.

Objectives:

We aimed to investigate the changes in the fecal microbiota composition in IBD patients influenced by the bowel preparation with sodium picosulfate.

Design:

We enrolled patients with IBD undergoing bowel preparation for colonoscopy in the prospective cohort study. The control group (Con) comprised non-IBD patients who underwent colonoscopy. Clinical data, blood, and stool samples were collected before colonoscopy (timepoint A), 3 days later (timepoint B), and 4 weeks later (timepoint C).

Methods:

Disease activity and gut microbiota changes were assessed at each timepoint. Fecal microbiota structure – at family level – was determined by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Statistical analysis included differential abundance analysis and Mann–Whitney tests.

Results:

Forty-one patients (9 CD, 13 UC, and 19 Con) were included. After bowel preparation, alpha diversity was lower in the CD group than in the UC ( p = 0.01) and Con ( p = 0.02) groups at timepoint B. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in the UC group than in the CD and Con ( p = 0.03) groups at timepoint C. Beta diversity difference differed between the IBD and Con ( p = 0.001) groups. Based on the differential abundance analysis, the Clostridiales family was increased, whereas the Bifidobacteriaceae family was decreased in CD patients compared to the Con at timepoint B.

Conclusions:

Bowel preparation may change the fecal microbial composition in IBD patients, which may have a potential role in disease exacerbation after bowel cleansing.
Shared decision-making in multiple sclerosis physical symptomatic care: a systematic review
Authors: Ben-Zacharia Aliza Bitton , Lee Jong-Mi , Kahle Jennifer S. , Lord Bonnie
Published: June 2023

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease affecting young adults. People with MS are highly interested in engaging in physical symptom management and decision-making but are often not actively engaged in symptom management discussions. Research examining the benefit of shared decision-making in the management of physical MS symptoms is sparse.

Objectives:

This study aimed to identify and synthesize the evidence on the use of shared decision-making in physical MS symptom management.

Design:

This study is a systematic review of published evidence on the use of shared decision-making in physical MS symptom management.

Data sources and methods:

MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched in April 2021, June 2022, and April 2, 2023, for primary, peer-reviewed studies of shared decision-making in the management of MS physical symptoms. Citations were screened, data extracted, and study quality assessed according to Cochrane guidelines for systematic reviews, including risk of bias assessment. Statistical synthesis of the included study results was not appropriate; results were summarized in a nonstatistical manner using the vote-counting method to estimate beneficial versus harmful effects.

Results:

Of 679 citations, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies addressed shared decision-making in the management of pain, spasms, neurogenic bladder, fatigue, gait disorder, and/or balance issues, and nine studies addressed physical symptoms in general. One study was a randomized controlled trial; most studies were observational studies. All study results and study author conclusions indicated that shared decision-making is important to the effective management of physical MS symptoms. No study results suggested that shared decision-making was harmful or delayed the management of physical MS symptoms.

Conclusion:

Reported results consistently indicate that shared decision-making is important in effective MS symptomatic care. Further rigorous randomized controlled trials are warranted to investigate the effectiveness of shared decision-making associated with MS physical symptomatic care.

Registration:

PROSPERO: CRD42023396270
Psychological morbidity and chronic cough: which is predominant? A comparison of clinical characteristics
Authors: Zhang Tongyangzi , Wu Heng , Li Wanzhen , Cui Xing , Zhu Yiqing , Wang Shengyuan , Shi Wenbo , Wen Siwan , Shi Cuiqin , Xu Xianghuai , Yu Li
Published: June 2023

Background:

The clinical characteristics of chronic cough with pre-existing psychological co-morbidity (PCC) and chronic cough with secondary anxiety and depression (SCC) were compared to provide a basis for diagnosing and treating psychological co-morbidities in people with chronic cough.

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted to analyze the general clinical data between the PCC, SCC, and the chronic cough without anxiety and depression (CC) groups. A total of 203 patients with chronic cough were enrolled in the study. The final diagnosis was made in all cases using a combination of psychosomatic and respiratory diagnoses. The three groups’ general clinical data, capsaicin cough sensitivity, cough symptom score, Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ), and psychosomatic scale scores were compared among the three groups. The diagnostic value of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and general anxiety disorder (GAD)-7 in patients with PCC and the follow-up information were analyzed.

Results:

Compared with the SCC group, the duration of cough in the PCC group was shorter (H = −3.54, p = 0.001), the night cough symptoms were milder (H = −4.60, p < 0.001), the total LCQ score was lower (H = −2.97, p = 0.009), and the PHQ-9 (H = 2.90, p = 0.011) and GAD-7 scores (H = 2.71, p = 0.002) were higher. When using PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores for the combined prediction and diagnosis of PCC, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88, and the sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% and 73.85%, respectively. After 8 weeks of psychosomatic treatment, cough symptoms improved in the PCC group, but the psychological improvement was not significant. The psychological status of the SCC group improved after cough symptoms were ameliorated by etiologic or empirical treatment.

Conclusion:

The clinical characteristics of patients with PCC and SCC are different. The evaluation of psychosomatic scales is of value to distinguish between the two groups. Chronic cough patients with psychological co-morbidity benefit from the combined diagnosis of psychosomatic medicine in a timely fashion. PCC requires more attention in psychological therapy, but for SCC, targeting etiological treatment of the cough is preferred.

Trial registration:

The protocol was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Register ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ) [ChiCTR2000037429].
TheFork by TripAdvisor: A French success story
Authors: Juteau Solène
Published: June 2023

Two-sided platforms are developing and changing the way we work. They often embed an app. This case study aims at understanding the development of a two-sided platform in the restaurant industry to discuss its functioning, the details of its attractive characteristics, the value proposition for each side, and multiple network effects. The case deepens the reflection of the transition from a value chain to an ecosystem through the two-sided platform. A review of the exploitation of data and their valorization is included. This case will be particularly useful for post-graduate or MBA students in courses on platforms, ecosystems, innovative business models, and/or data exploitation.
Association between micronutrients, oxidative stress biomarkers and angiogenic growth mediators in early and late-onset preeclamptic Ghanaian women
Authors: Anto Enoch Odame , Ofori Boadu Wina Ivy , Addai-Mensah Otchere , Wiafe Yaw Amo , Owiredu William KBA , Obirikorang Christian , Annani-Akollor Max Efui , Adua Eric , Appiah Michael , Opoku Stephen , Acheampong Emmanuel , Asamoah Evans Adu , Owiredu Eddie-Williams , Odame Anto Agartha , Tawiah Augustine , Ankobea Frank , Afrifa Yamoah Ebenezer , Coall David Antony
Published: June 2023

Objectives:

Micronutrients, especially calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are reported to reduce preeclampsia events via several factors such as endothelial cell control, optimal oxidative stress and a balanced angiogenic growth mediator. We evaluated the association of micronutrients with oxidative stress biomarkers, and angiogenic growth mediators in early-onset preeclampsia and late-onset preeclampsia.

Methods:

This case-control study recruited 197 preeclampsia (early-onset preeclampsia = 70 and late-onset preeclampsia = 127) as cases and 301 normotensive pregnant women as controls from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Samples were collected after 20 weeks of gestation for both cases and controls and estimated for Ca, Mg, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, soluble endoglin, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-epiprostaglandinF2-alpha and total antioxidant capacity.

Results:

Early-onset preeclampsia women had significantly lower levels of Ca, Mg, placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and total antioxidant capacity but higher levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, soluble endoglin, 8-epiprostaglandinF2-alpha, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor ratio, 8-epiprostaglandinF2-alpha /placental growth factor ratio, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine/placental growth factor ratio and soluble endoglin/placental growth factor ratio than late-onset preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women ( p < 0.0001). Among the early-onset preeclampsia women, the first and second quartile for serum placental growth factor, first quartile for vascular endothelial growth factor-A and total antioxidant capacity and the fourth quartiles for serum sEng, serum sFlt-1, 8-epiPGF2α and 8-OHdG were independently associated with low Ca and Mg ( p < 0.05). Among late-onset preeclampsia women, the fourth quartile for soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 was independently associated with low Ca and Mg ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Magnesium and calcium are associated with an imbalance in angiogenic growth mediators and oxidative stress biomarkers among preeclampsia women, particularly early-onset preeclampsia. Serial and routine measurement of these micronutrients would allow the monitoring of poor placental angiogenesis while enabling an understanding of the triggers of increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant in preeclampsia.
Determinants of Social Commerce Purchase and Recommendation Intentions Within the Context of Swift Guanxi Among Chinese College Students
Authors: Mensah Isaac Kofi , Zeng Guohua , Luo Chuanyong
Published: June 2023

This study examined the factors determining social commerce purchase and recommendation intentions within the context of swift guanxi. The data analysis was conducted with Smart PLS 3.0 using the structural equation modeling technique. The results have illustrated that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were significant in determining both the recommendation and social commerce purchase intentions. In addition, eWOM was also a significant predictor of both social commerce purchase and recommendation intentions. Interestingly the results showed that trust in social network sites was not significant in influencing social commerce purchase and recommendation intentions. Also, mutual understanding and relationship harmony were found to predict the social commerce purchase and recommendation intentions. The implications of these and other results findings of the study are discussed.
Thrombosis, Septic Emboli, and Multiple Abscesses Triggered by Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Fadeyi Olaniyi , Sovyanhadi Zetha , Gupta Lakshita , Dang Varun , Katamreddy Yamini , Hakim Asaad
Published: June 2023

Urinary tract infection and pneumonia are common diseases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. In rare circumstances, Klebsiella pneumoniae has been associated with abscess formation, thrombosis, septic emboli, and infective endocarditis. We report a 58-year-old woman with a past medical history of uncontrolled diabetes who presented with abdominal pain along with swelling in the left third finger and left calf. Further work-up revealed bilateral renal vein thrombosis, inferior vena cava thrombosis, septic emboli, and perirenal abscess. All cultures were positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae. This patient was aggressively managed with abscess drainage, intravenous antibiotics, and anticoagulation. Diverse thrombotic pathologies associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogen as documented in literature were also discussed.
Complaints, Restraint, and Seclusion in Massachusetts Inpatient Psychiatric Facilities, 2008–2018
Authors: Shields Morgan C. , Hollander Mara A.G.
Published: June 2023

There has been limited research on the quality of inpatient psychiatry, yet policies to expand access have increased, such as the use of Medicaid Section 1115 waivers for treatment in “Institutions for Mental Disease” (IMD). Using data from public records requests, we evaluated complaints, restraint, and seclusion from inpatient psychiatric facilities in Massachusetts occurring from 2008 to 2018, and compared differences in the rates of these events by IMD status. There were 17,962 total complaints, with 48.9% related to safety and 19.9% related to abuse (sexual, physical, verbal), and 92,670 episodes of restraint and seclusion. On average, for every 30 census days in a given facility, restraint, and seclusion occurred 7.47 and 1.81 times, respectively, and a complaint was filed 0.94 times. IMDs had 47.8%, 68.3%, 276.9%, 284.8%, 183.6%, and 236.1% greater rates of restraint, seclusion, overall complaints, substantiated complaints, safety-related complaints, and abuse-related complaints, respectively, compared to non-IMDs. This is the first known study to describe complaints from United States inpatient psychiatric facilities. Policies should strengthen the implementation of patients’ rights and patient-centeredness, as well as external critical-incident-reporting systems.
Using call detail records to determine mobility patterns of different socio-demographic groups in the western area of Sierra Leone during early COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Li Yanchao , Ran Ziyu , Tsai Lily , Williams Sarah
Published: June 2023

Human mobility patterns created from mobile phone call detail records (CDRs) can provide an essential resource in data-poor environments to monitor the effects of health outbreaks. Analysis of this data can be instrumental for understanding the movement pattern of populations allowing governments to set and refine policies to respond to community health risks. Building on CDR mobility analysis techniques, this research set out to test whether combining CDR mobility indicators with socio-economic information can illustrate differences between different socio-economic groups’ exposure risks to COVID-19. The work focuses on the Western Area of Sierra Leone which houses the capital Freetown because it lacks existing mobility data and therefore can be a great example of how CDR can be transformed for this use. To determine mobility patterns, we applied the radius of gyration, regularity of movement, and motif types analytics commonly used in CDR research. We then applied a clustering algorithm to these results to understand user trends. Then we compared the results of the three methods with socio-economic status determined from census data in the same geography. The results show the daily movement of cell phone users of lower socio-economic status covered greater distances in the Western Area before and after lockdown, thereby showing a greater risk to COVID-19. The research also shows that groups of higher social status decreased mobility significantly after lockdown and did not return to pre-COVID-19 levels, unlike lower-social status groups.
Management of Heart Failure: Messages from Trials Beyond AHA 2022 Guidelines
Authors: Patnaik Soumya
Published: June 2023

The major takeaway from 2022 Heart Failure guidelines (AHA/ACC/HFSA) was the 4-pillar concept of use of beta-blockers, RAAS inhibition (preferably ARNI), mineralocorticoid antagonist, and SGLT2 inhibitors (irrespective of diabetes) for HFrEF. The recommendations for HFpEF and HF mildly reduced EF are less robust. Some important heart failure trials are presented every year at ACC, AHA, ESC, and TCT, which can impact our practice even before the release of next guidelines. In this review, some select heart failure trials presented at these scientific meetings after January 2022 are briefly discussed with focus on the message they convey.
Comparison of multiple imputation and other methods for the analysis of imputed genotypes
Authors: Auer Paul L. , Wang Gao , Li Guangyou , DeWan Andrew T. , Leal Suzanne M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Analysis of imputed genotypes is an important and routine component of genome-wide association studies and the increasing size of imputation reference panels has facilitated the ability to impute and test low-frequency variants for associations. In the context of genotype imputation, the true genotype is unknown and genotypes are inferred with uncertainty using statistical models. Here, we present a novel method for integrating imputation uncertainty into statistical association tests using a fully conditional multiple imputation (MI) approach which is implemented using the Substantive Model Compatible Fully Conditional Specification (SMCFCS). We compared the performance of this method to an unconditional MI and two additional approaches that have been shown to demonstrate excellent performance: regression with dosages and a mixture of regression models (MRM).

Results

Our simulations considered a range of allele frequencies and imputation qualities based on data from the UK Biobank. We found that the unconditional MI was computationally costly and overly conservative across a wide range of settings. Analyzing data with Dosage, MRM, or MI SMCFCS resulted in greater power, including for low frequency variants, compared to unconditional MI while effectively controlling type I error rates. MRM andl MI SMCFCS are both more computationally intensive then using Dosage.

Conclusions

The unconditional MI approach for association testing is overly conservative and we do not recommend its use in the context of imputed genotypes. Given its performance, speed, and ease of implementation, we recommend using Dosage for imputed genotypes with MAF $$\ge$$
≥
0.001 and Rsq $$\ge$$
≥
0.3.
Association of plasma aflatoxin with persistent detection of oncogenic human papillomaviruses in cervical samples from Kenyan women enrolled in a longitudinal study
Authors: Tong Yan , Tonui Philip , Orang’o Omenge , Zhang Jianjun , Maina Titus , Muthoka Kapten , Groopman John , Smith Joshua , Madeen Erin , Ermel Aaron , Loehrer Patrick , Brown Darron R.
Published: June 2023

Background

Cervical cancer is caused by oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) and is common among Kenyan women. Identification of factors that increase HR-HPV persistence is critically important. Kenyan women exposed to aflatoxin have an increased risk of HR-HPV detection in cervical specimens. This analysis was performed to examine associations between aflatoxin and HR-HPV persistence.

Methods

Kenyan women were enrolled in a prospective study. The analytical cohort for this analysis included 67 HIV-uninfected women (mean age 34 years) who completed at least two of three annual study visits and had an available blood sample. Plasma aflatoxin was detected using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Annual cervical swabs were tested for HPV (Roche Linear Array). Ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to examine associations of aflatoxin and HPV persistence.

Results

Aflatoxin was detected in 59.7% of women and was associated with higher risk of persistent detection of any HPV type (OR = 3.03, 95%CI = 1.08–8.55, P = 0.036), HR-HPV types (OR = 3.63, 95%CI = 1.30-10.13, P = 0.014), and HR-HPV types not included in the 9-valent HPV vaccine (OR = 4.46, 95%CI = 1.13–17.58, P = 0.032).

Conclusions

Aflatoxin detection was associated with increased risk of HR-HPV persistence in Kenyan women. Further studies, including mechanistic studies are needed to determine if aflatoxin synergistically interacts with HR-HPV to increase cervical cancer risk.
Cognitive performance of adult patients with SMA before and after treatment initiation with nusinersen
Authors: Vidovic Maximilian , Freigang Maren , Aust Elisa , Linse Katharina , Petzold Daniel , Günther René
Published: June 2023

Background

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neuromuscular disease caused by mutations of the SMN1 gene. Deficient SMN protein causes irreversible degeneration of alpha motor neurons characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Considering that SMA is a multi-systemic disorder and SMN protein was found to be expressed in cortical structures, the cognitive profile of adult patients with SMA has recently been of particular interest. With nusinersen, a novel, disease-modifying drug has been established, but its effects on neuropsychological functions have not been validated yet. Aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive profile of adult patients with SMA during treatment initiation with nusinersen and to reveal improvement or deterioration in cognitive performance.

Methods

This monocentric longitudinal study included 23 patients with SMA type 2 and 3. All patients were assessed with the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS) before and after 14 months of treatment initiation with nusinersen. Additionally, motor function was evaluated by Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE), Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R).

Results

Of the treatment-naive patients, only three were below the age- and education-matched cut-off for cognitive impairment in the ECAS total score. Significant differences between SMA type 2 and 3 were only detected in the domain of Language. After 14 months of treatment, patients showed significant improvement of absolute scores in all three ALS-specific domains, in the non-ALS-specific domain of Memory, in both subscores and in the ECAS total score. No associations were detected between cognitive and functional outcome measures.

Conclusions

In some adult patients with SMA abnormal cognitive performance in ALS-specific functions of the ECAS was evident. However, the presented results suggest no clinically significant cognitive changes during the observed treatment period with nusinersen.
Cavernous hemangioma of the cisternal segment of the auditory nerve: case report
Authors: Yu Zuan , Lu Tingming , Yu Tao , Liang Risheng
Published: June 2023

Background

Extraaxial cerebellopontine angle cavernous hemangiomas are rare and their diagnosis and treatment are challenging.

Case presentation

A 43-year-old female was admitted to the hospital who had repeated hearing loss in her left ear accompanied by tinnitus. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hemangioma-like lesion in the left cerebellopontine angle extra-axial cisternal segment. During the surgery, it was found that the lesion was located in the cisternal segment of the root of the auditory nerve. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed that the lesion was a cavernous hemangioma.

Conclusion

We report a case of cavernous hemangioma in the brain spatula cisternal segment of the left auditory nerve. For cranial nerve CMs early diagnosis and surgical removal may maximize the chance of a positive outcome.
Size and number of lymph nodes were risk factors of recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer
Authors: Tong Shanyou , Li Menglei , Bao Yichao , Zhang Long , Lu Ping , Tong Tong , Peng Junjie
Published: June 2023

Background

Size and number of lymph nodes (LNs) were reported to be associated with the prognosis of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic role of the size of LNs (SLNs) measured by computer tomography (CT) and the number of retrieved LNs (NLNs) in the relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among stage II CRC patients.

Methods

Consecutive patients diagnosed with stage II CRC at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) from January 2011 to December 2015 were reviewed, and 351 patients were randomly divided into two cohorts for cross-validation. The optimal cut-off values were obtained using X-tile program. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were conducted for the two cohorts.

Results

Data from 351 stage II CRC patients were analyzed. The cut-off values for SLNs and NLNs were 5.8 mm and 22, respectively, determined by the X-tile in the training cohort. In the validation cohort, Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated SLNs (P = 0.0034) and NLNs (P = 0.0451) were positively correlated with RFS but not with OS. The median follow-up time in the training cohort and the validation cohort were 60.8 months and 61.0 months respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that both SLNs (training cohort: Hazard Ratio (HR) = 2.361, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.044–5.338, P = 0.039; validation cohort: HR = 2.979, 95%CI: 1.435–5.184, P = 0.003) and NLNs (training cohort: HR = 0.335, 95%CI: 0.113–0.994, P = 0.049; validation cohort: HR = 0.375, 95%CI: 0.156-0.900, P = 0.021) were independent prognostic factors for RFS whereas not for OS.

Conclusion

SLNs and NLNs are independent prognostic factors for patients with stage II CRC. Patients with SLNs > 5.8 mm and NLNs ≤ 22 are apt to have higher risk of recurrence.