bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La subordination en français – le classement des subordonnées dans les grammaires conçues en contexte tchèque
Authors: Pešek Ondřej
Published: January 2021

L’article porte sur la subordination phrastique et, plus particulièrement, sur les différents types de classement des subordonnées proposés dans les grammaires du français écrites par des auteurs tchèques. L’objectif de l’article est de décrire et d’expliquer les effets de contextualisation qui se manifestent dans ces grammaires. D’abord nous présentons la subordination en tant que phénomène grammatical, ensuite nous rendons compte des critères de classement des propositions subordonnées utilisés dans les grammaires françaises, puis nous relevons les particularités de la tradition grammaticale tchèque pour enfin analyser la manière dont la subordination est traitée dans les grammaires de français conçues par des auteurs tchèques. Nous montrons la manière dont les grammaires tchèques du français reflètent la double influence du discours grammatical français et tchèque à propos de la subordination et nous constatons quelques incompatibilités plus ou moins prononcées.
The Mexico-Guatemala Border in the Daily Press: Words of Power and the Power of Words
Authors: Clot Jean
Published: January 2021

Since the 1990s, the border between Mexico and Guatemala has received increasing attention in the media and the political sphere, which has coincided with the growing international migration from Central America to the United States. This article focuses on the process of naming and designation of this border in online newspapers, especially the mainstream media from Mexico and the United States. It identifies dominant themes through a categorical analysis of a corpus of media articles, and discusses how the use of certain terms, images and analogies shapes social representations and participates in the construction of a reality which is not unrelated to geopolitical interests, in particular on security and control of migratory flows.
Challenges Encountered in a South African School Nutrition Programme
Authors: Mafugu Tafirenyika
Published: January 2021

Background

School Nutritional Programmes (SNP) provide meals at school to reduce hunger, nutrient deficiencies and improve class alertness among children in poor communities. The purpose of the research was to determine the challenges encountered in implementing the SNP in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa in 2017.

Design and methods

A cross-sectional study underpinned by a concurrent triangulation research design where interviews were used to collect qualitative data from stakeholders, and a questionnaire collected quantitative data from students. The set of qualitative data was thematically analysed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test were used to compare the mean scores for food quality on different days of the week.

Results

Both the quality and quantity of food were affected by delays in payment of food suppliers, lack of training of stakeholders, and poor kitchen facilities. Health problems experienced by students after eating the food made them reluctant to consume meals on some days. The Tukey HSD test indicated that the mean score for the quality of food served on Wednesday (3.2 ± 1.3) was significantly higher than the mean score for the quality of the meal served on Friday (2.5 ± 1.3).

Conclusions

Late payment of food-suppliers and inadequate training of food-handlers affected the quality and quantity of the meals. The researcher recommends that the programme administrators should improve the frequency of payment for food suppliers, training of food handlers, and find alternative meals for students who do not consume the regular meals due to various reasons.
Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Firefighters in the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service – A Descriptive Study
Authors: Ras Jaron , Leach Lloyd
Published: January 2021

Background

Over 45% of firefighter deaths are attributable to sudden cardiac death related to coronary artery disease (CAD), with many of these deaths attributed to comorbidities. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors in firefighters in the City of Cape Town (CoCT).

Design and methods

The study used a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive design. A total of 124 full-time firefighters were conveniently recruited between September and November 2019 from the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service.

Results

The most prevalent CAD risk factors among firefighters were hypertension (33.1%), obesity (37.1%), cigarette smoking (39.5%) and dyslipidaemia (40.3%). A total of 41.9% of firefighters were categorized as low-risk, 54.8% as moderate-risk, and 3.2% as high-risk for CAD.

Conclusion

The majority of firefighters had at least one CAD risk factor, with older males having the highest prevalence of multiple CAD risk factors. Compared to other regions of the world, the (CoCT) firefighters have higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia and cigarette smoking. Preventative behavioural strategies and education on CAD should be promoted to mitigate the development of CAD.
Right to Life in the American Medical System
Authors: Cavanagh Denis
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the impact of the so called “culture of death” on medical practice in United States (US). In fact, in America, while the pretence is being kept up on the importance of the Hippocratic oath and the evangelic benevolence of the Good Samaritan, the strategy of the secular humanists is to try to make these irrelevant in the twin interests of social convenience and fiscal security. This campaign has been quietly waged in the media, in the courts, in public schools and universities. According this strategy, the threats to human life are, namely, two: abortion and euthanasia.

On the first issue, in US the situation is discouraging because the US Supreme Court rulings Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton in 1973, that have made abortion a woman’s choice for any reason in the first and second trimester and available with medical consultation for almost any reason in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Regarding the euthanasia, the campaign strategy is following the same pattern as that used to legalize abortion: the Euthanasia Lobby is claiming that millions of people in America are suffering unbearable pain because of terminal illness and so ought to have the right to end their pain with physician- assisted suicide.

On the contrary, the author assert that there is no right to destroy any human life or participate in its destruction and there is no good moral reason for abortion or euthanasia, including the physician-assisted suicide. Finally, the author think that it is vital that Catholic activists, allied with Christian church-going brethren, should resist with all the power they can muster to the “culture of death”.
Bioetica clinica - Problemi etici nella diagnostica occupazionale
Authors: Magnavita Nicola , Sacco Angelo , De Lorenzo Giuseppe
Published: January 2021

La diagnosi eziologica di malattia professionale riveste particolare importanza, in quanto non solo consente l’adozione di idonee misure preventive, terapeutiche ed assicurative a favore del paziente, ma anche di interventi migliorativi dell’ambiente di lavoro, il cui beneficio può essere goduto dall’insieme della comunità lavorativa.

Per una corretta impostazione del rapporto costi/benefici, occorre che gli accertamenti diagnostici siano accuratamente pianificati. Nelle fasi di screening si deve avere cura di assicurare ai lavoratori le stesse condizioni di informazione e segretezza che si rispettano nella diagnostica generale. Nella più complessa diagnostica eziologica delle malattie professionali, la decisione circa il tipo e l’approfondimento degli esami deve essere presa caso per caso, tenendo conto, secondo un’ottica personalistica, delle condizioni del singolo paziente e del vantaggio che egli può ricavare dall’esame. Considerazioni etiche, legate al rispetto del paziente, indurranno a condotte diagnostiche differenziate in casi apparentemente simili. Allo scopo di esemplificare tale possibilità, vengono esposti due casi clinici.
Bioetica laica e bioetica cattolica
Authors: Fiori Angelo
Published: January 2021

Non disponibile.
Organizzazione e management per la qualità totale della prestazione sanitaria
Authors: D’Ugo D. , Cambieri A. , Mascellari L. , Berloco F.
Published: January 2021

Uno dei temi di maggiore interesse ed attualità in ambito sanitario è la necessità di conciliare l’attenzione verso le esigenze assistenziali della popolazione con il contenimento dei costi, di per sé in crescita costante e per molti aspetti incontrollabile. Questa sfida è stata sino ad oggi solo in parte raccolta dal nostro Sistema Sanitario, anche a causa di una incompleta ed inadeguata formazione degli operatori su tali tematiche. Nondimeno, le ricerche finalizzate ad un più razionale utilizzo delle risorse disponibili sono sempre più numerose ed - ovviamente - coinvolgono direttamente i clinici. Tra gli aspetti indagati frequentemente vi è quello che concerne l’appropriatezza dei ricoveri ospedalieri. Muovendo da queste considerazioni gli Autori hanno voluto analizzare i margini di azione entro cui è possibile impostare seri programmi di tutela dei bisogni collettivi di salute che soddisfino sia le esigenze di una maggiore qualità delle prestazioni sanitarie - anche attraverso soluzioni organizzative alternative rispetto al ricovero tradizionale - sia i necessari requisiti di eticità, secondo la visione morale personalistica.
Fundamental policy challenges influencing sustainable development in Africa
Authors: Auriacombe Christelle , Van der Walt Gerrit
Published: January 2021

Background: There is widespread recognition on the African continent that a coherent and integrated policy response is necessary to adequately deal with issues associated with sustainable development. Despite this general recognition, it is, however, also evident that much still needs to be done to realise a coherent policy response fostered by a transgovernance approach to sustainable development.Aim: The aim of this article is to analyse the nature and scope of development policy influencing Africa’s policy responses to sustainable development challenges.Setting: Challenges associated with sustainable development transcend national borders. This requires trans-border policy responses and transgovernance. Transgovernance goes beyond conventional governance approaches and moves towards a more integrated global and continental response to address sustainability issues. The same applies to Africa as a continent.Methods: In the traditions of interpretivism, the methodology is based on a desktop analysis by means of a literature survey. The qualitative description of the findings focuses on the themes that emerge from the research and the manner in which it was conceptualised and contextualised in terms of unobtrusive research techniques.Results: Results indicate that across Africa there have been varied policy responses to sustainable development challenges. It was established that despite successes on the continent, inclusive of the establishment of various sectoral policy frameworks and coordinating mechanisms, there is still great concern for the general lack of a coordinated response to environmental concerns. Change in policy-making approaches and practices as well as changes in attitudes towards the environment are essential.Conclusion: Policy coherence on the continent is a prerequisite to promote sustainable development. Policy responses need to consider the finite nature of natural resources and the future implications of current government actions (and inactions). Policy-makers need to look forward, contemplating the interrelationship between human-driven development and the environment, and approach policy design in a fundamentally new way.
Ubuntu as a spirituality of liberation for black theology of liberation
Authors: Kobe Sandiswa L.
Published: January 2021

This article aims to respond to Vuyani Vellem’s challenge to black theology of liberation (BTL) to ‘think beyond rethinking and repeating its tried and tested ways of responding to black pain caused by racism and colonialism’. Vellem argued that ‘BTL needs to unthink the west by focusing on and retaining African spirituality as a cognitive spirituality’ for the liberation of black people in South Africa. This article argues that Ubuntu is the spirituality of liberation that BTL needs to advance as one of its interlocutors. This research work will consult the literature emerging from African philosophy, ethics, spirituality and BTL arguing that Ubuntu is an indigenous philosophy, spirituality that continues to exist in the languages and culture of the Abantu (Bantu) speaking people. This article is dedicated to the memory of Vellem as a BTL scholar and a faithful believer of the liberative paradigms of BTL.Contribution: The scholarly contribution of this article is its focus on the systematic and practical reflection, within a paradigm in which the intersection of religious studies, social sciences and humanities generate an interdisciplinary contested discourse.
Generalized erosions, blisters, scarring, and milia in a 65-year-old woman
Authors: El Enany Galal , Nagui Noha , Nada Hanan , Fawzy Marwa M. , Saleh Marwah A. , Sany Iman , Nada Ahmad , Korany Mona , El Ghanam Omar
Published: January 2021

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a chronic autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. EBA is caused by antibodies targeting type VII collagen, the major component of anchoring fibrils that connects the basement membrane to dermal structures. The classic presentation is characterized by blisters, mild mucosal involvement, and healing with dense scars primarily at trauma-prone areas. Herein, we present a case of EBA. Our case of a 65-year-old female patient distinctively demonstrated generalized multiple erosions, flaccid bullae, dystrophic nail changes, scarring, painful erosions, and milia. We emphasize the importance of differentiating EBA from bullous systemic lupus erythematosus because both cases have different responses to steroids.
Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and IL17A and their association with acne severity in patients with severe and very severe acne vulgaris
Authors: Elkamshoushi AbdelAal M. , Elneily Dalia A. , Omar Shaimaa I. , Mohamed Halla M.
Published: January 2021

Background

Vitamin D deficiency and interleukin-17 (IL17) excess production have been detected in many inflammatory skin diseases. Acne vulgaris is a well-known inflammatory skin disease for which numerous treatment guidelines have been published, with limited success in several situations.

Objective

To evaluate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] and IL17 levels from the patients’ serum and acne vulgaris. To determine the therapeutic effect of vitamin D supplementation on severe acne.

Patients and methods

This case–control study was conducted on 30 patients with severe and very severe acne vulgaris. The severity of the disease was determined by Global acne grading system (GAGS). Moreover, 15 controls were recruited. Serum levels of 25 (OH) D and IL17A were measured at the baseline in all studied participants. After that, the patients with acne with detected vitamin D hypovitaminosis were given an oral dose of 4000 IU cholecalciferol daily for 3 months, and in this selected group, serum 25 (OH) D and IL17A levels along with GAGS score were measured again at the end of the treatment.

Results

The mean serum concentration of 25 (OH) D and IL17A in patients with severe acne was statistically different from the controls. Acne severity was negatively correlated with the vitamin D serum level and positively correlated with the IL17A serum level. After supplementation, significant improvement of both the median GAGS score and IL17A serum level was found.

Conclusion

Vitamin D deficiency might be related to the severity of acne vulgaris, and its supplementation may help ameliorate inflammatory lesions of severe acne through its immunomodulatory effect.
Prolactin and vitiligo
Authors: El-Hanafy Ghada M. , Shaker Olfat G. , Ihab Aya , Abdelkader Heba A.
Published: January 2021

Background

The exact cause of vitiligo remains unclear. Several theories have been proposed, including autoimmune and neuroendocrine theories. Prolactin has been studied as an immunomodulatory factor in several autoimmune diseases. Regarding vitiligo, previous studies revealed contradictory results. This is the first study to assess tissue prolactin and prolactin receptor (PRLR) expression in vitiligo.

Objective

To measure the level of serum prolactin, tissue prolactin, as well as PRLR in patients with vitiligo vulgaris and controls to verify their possible role in vitiligo pathogenesis.

Patients and methods

A case–control study was conducted on 40 participants: 20 patients with vitiligo and 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were taken to determine the serum prolactin level (ng/ml). Skin biopsies were obtained from the lesional skin of patients and normal skin of controls to determine the level of tissue prolactin (ng/mg) and PRLR (ng/g) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Serum and tissue prolactin and PRLR levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls (P<0.001). Tissue prolactin level had a positive correlation with PRLR level (r=0.739, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Prolactin plays a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, mainly from an intracutaneous position where an autocrine/paracrine loop could have a larger share.
Comparable efficacy of platelet-rich plasma against platelet-poor plasma in stable vitiligo on concurrent psoralen+sunlight therapy
Authors: Agarwal Neni , Gahalaut Pratik , Mishra Nitin , Rastogi Madhur Kant , Mehra Mriganka , Varshney Ajitesh P.
Published: January 2021

Background

There is a constant search for an ideal treatment for vitiligo. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a novel modality for treating stable vitiligo. Presently, literature regarding the efficacy of combining either PRP or platelet-poor plasma (PPP) with psoralen+sunlight (PUVASOL) in vitiligo does not exist.

Objective

This study compares the safety and efficacy of combining PUVASOL with either PRP or PPP against PUVASOL alone in patients with stable nonsegmental vitiligo.

Patients and methods

This prospective, open-labeled, comparative study was done in 20 patients with stable nonsegmental vitiligo, each having at least three vitiligo patches of similar shape and size. All the patients received PUVASOL as standard treatment modality. PRP or PPP was injected into two separate study patches as an adjuvant treatment with PUVASOL; however, the third patch acted as a control and was treated by PUVASOL alone. These patients were followed up for 4 weeks after the end of four treatment sessions.

Results

Compared with control areas (exposed to PUVASOL only), statistically significant more repigmentation was seen in areas treated with a platelet preparation (either PRP or PPP) along with PUVASOL. However, there was no significant difference between PRP and PPP arm (P=0.824) as per qualitative and quantitative assessment.

Conclusion

Addition of a platelet preparation (either PRP or PPP) had an additive beneficial effect on the response of PUVASOL therapy in patients with stable vitiligo at the study end point of 16 weeks. However, PRP and PPP showed comparable efficacy at the study end point in terms of repigmentation when used in conjunction with PUVASOL.
Fractional carbon dioxide laser-assisted topical steroid delivery versus intralesional steroid in the treatment of alopecia areata
Authors: Soror Osama A. , Abdel-Bary Ahmed , Khalil Basma M.
Published: January 2021

Background

Alopecia areata is a common disease that affects the psychological well-being of the affected individuals. No single treatment option is proved to be effective and safe in its management. Laser-assisted drug delivery is a new method for the management of different dermatological diseases.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of fractional carbon dioxide laser-assisted topical steroid delivery in the management of alopecia areata.

Patients and methods

A total of 30 patients with alopecia areata with two or more nonadjacent patches were included. Patients were randomized and given two separate treatment modalities in two different patches in the same individual. One patch was treated with fractional carbon dioxide laser followed by topical triamcinolone acetonide (group I), and the other was treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (group II). Follow-ups by MacDonald Hull and Norris grading were done every 3 weeks for 3 months.

Results

The mean grading score in group I patches treated with ablative fractional CO2 laser followed by the topical steroid application at fourth follow-up was 3.37±0.76, and the mean grading score in group II patches treated with intralesional steroid at fourth follow-up was 3.73±0.58. There was significant improvement in the MacDonald Hull and Norris grading score every follow-up in both groups. However, group II patches showed significantly higher mean grading score as compared with group I patches. The mean pain score in group II patches was significantly higher than that in group I patches.

Conclusion

The use of fractional carbon dioxide laser to assist topical steroid delivery is a promising, safe, and effective method for the treatment of alopecia areata. Although intralesional steroid treatment showed more significant results, we thought that the low pain score in patients treated with laser-assisted drug delivery is more advantage, which increases their compliance to treatment.
Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia Presenting as Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Shah Preet Mukesh , Hingolikar Ankita Prashant , Tandan Shruti , Dhakre Vijay Waman
Published: January 2021

A 54-year-old male presented to our center with a 3-month history of headache, giddiness, and blurring of vision. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed him to be having cryptococcal meningitis. He was worked up for probable causes of immunosuppression including HIV and other infections and had an autoimmune profile as well as a bone marrow examination, none of which revealed any abnormality. Lymphocyte flow cytometry revealed low counts of CD4 T lymphocytes, likely secondary to idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. He was treated for cryptococcal meningitis. Due to marked immunosuppression, the disease progressed rapidly with deterioration in neurological and hemodynamic status, leading to his demise.
Spina Ventosa
Authors: Agarwal Ankur , Agarwal Sheetal , Singh Savitri , Nandwani Sumi
Published: January 2021

Rare and varied presentations of tuberculosis make it difficult for treating clinicians to arrive at the diagnosis. An adolescent female presented to the orthopedic outpatient department with slowly increasing swelling over the dorsum of the hand near the base of the third digit for 5 months. With multiple consultations, she was being treated with antibiotics as a case of abscess. On examination, the swelling was soft bulging with whitish watery discharge. Plain radiography revealed periosteal elevation with bony destruction of the proximal phalanx. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed signal intensity changes with collection suggestive of infection. Blood investigations were within the normal limits, except slightly raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A differential diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis was performed. Since the swelling was growing with the overlying skin likely to give way, it was treated with incision and drainage. Cytology with Gram's and auramine staining helped in confirming the diagnosis of spina ventosa. Biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, and antitubercular therapy forms the mainstay of treatment.
Nocardiosis at an Organ Transplant Center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Weheba Ihab , Abdelsayed Abeer , Alrajhi Abdulrahman A. , Al-Thawadi Sahar I. , Mobeireek Abdullah
Published: January 2021

Background:

Nocardiosis is a rare infection that affects immunocompromised patients on immunosuppressive medications used for transplantation and cancer therapy. Such therapies are becoming more widely available in the Middle East region. Yet, reports on nocardiosis are scarce.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of patients who were diagnosed with nocardiosis from 2004 to 2018 at a transplantation and cancer center. Nocardiosis were defined per the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria.

Results:

During the study period, 35 patients with nocardiosis (male: 68.5%) were identified. The most common underlying associated condition was transplantation 11 (31.4%), followed by malignancy 7 (20%), connective tissue disease and sarcoidosis 7 (20%), chronic lung disease 5 (14%), miscellaneous conditions 4 (11%), and one patient with human immunodeficiency virus. Nocardia was disseminated in 8 patients (22.9%) and isolated in 27 (77.1%); the latter included 13 patients (37.1%) with bronchial form, 11 (31.4%) with isolated visceral form, and 3 (8.6%) with cutaneous form. Pulmonary involvement occurred in 90% of the cases with cough, fever, and dyspnea being the most common symptoms. The main strain isolate was Nocardia asteroides, and the cure rate was 90%. Mortality related to nocardiosis occurred in 3 transplant patients (8.6%).

Conclusion:

Wider use of immunosuppressive therapy warrants vigilance to nocardiosis, which can present in a myriad of clinical forms. In our series, mortality was confined to the transplantation group, probably because of the relatively heavy immunosuppression. Nonetheless, prognosis is favorable if the infection is recognized and treated early.
Corpus analysis of the collocations of the transitive verbs owaru and oeru
Authors: Pahor Nastja
Published: January 2021

The transitivity of Japanese verbs is a topic which had been widely discussed in Japan even before the beginning of the Meiji period. This paper focuses on the transitivity of the verbs owaru 終わる (to end [trans./intrans.]) and oeru 終える (to end [trans.]). It encompasses the analysis of collocations of the two verbs and examines their objects in the pattern ‘N wo owaru’ and ‘N wo oeru’. The aim of this research is to shed new light on the usage of the two verbs. The analysis of collocations and verbal forms that accompany them gives a picture that shows collocations grouping into individual semantic categories as well as verbal forms that co-occur in each category.
Marked Geminates as Evidence of Sonorants in Sylheti Bangla: An Optimality Account
Authors: Goswami Arpita
Published: January 2021

This paper analyzes the universal concept that sonorants are marked geminates in the gemination process of Sylheti Bangla (henceforth SHB). Evidence from SHB suggests that when SHB speakers confront borrowed words with sonorant initial or obstruent initial heterosyllabic clusters, it is invariably the sonorant that gets assimilated. In addition, SHB data indicates that when faced with choices between two sonorants of the heterosyllabic clusters, speakers opt for the less sonorous one for gemination. Given this phenomenon, the proposal that sonorant gemination is absent in SHB could not be the ultimate one as it receives additional support from the fact that SHB also possesses many underlying sonorant geminations. Based on this investigation the hierarchy of the constraints *GG*RR>>*LL*NN is proposed for analyzing the gemination process in SHB. Finally, this paper illustrates some additional constraints in the SHB gemination process found to be necessary.
Retrospective analysis of adverse drug reactions leading to short-term emergency hospital readmission
Authors: Banholzer Sarah , Dunkelmann Lea , Haschke Manuel , Derungs Adrian , Exadaktylos Aristomenis , Krähenbühl Stephan , Liakoni Evangelia
Published: January 2021

AIMS OF THE STUDY
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important cause of hospital admissions. Insufficient data are available about the frequency and characteristics of ADR-related emergency readmissions in Switzerland. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterise ADRs related to short-term emergency readmissions in a large Swiss University Hospital and to assess their reporting frequency.

METHODS
Electronic records of all patients discharged from the University Hospital Bern within a 12-month period (1 January to 31 December 2012) and emergency readmission within 30 calendar days were reviewed. Case inclusion required a known ADR. Cases with intentional overdosing, lack of compliance or insufficient documentation were excluded. Identified ADR-related readmission cases were searched in the Swiss ADR reporting system to assess reporting rate.

RESULTS
There were 1294 emergency readmissions among the 4792 readmissions (14% of all admissions) within 30 days after discharge. We identified 270 cases of ADR-related readmissions, corresponding to 21% of emergency readmissions and 6% of all readmissions within 30 days. The most frequent ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders (26%), infections and infestations (19%), and nervous system disorders (10%). The most frequent drug classes leading to ADRs were antineoplastic/immunomodulating (35%) and antithrombotic agents (25%). Only 8 (3%) of the 270 cases were reported to the Swiss ADR reporting system.

CONCLUSION
ADR-related readmissions constituted a considerable part of short-term emergency readmissions. Despite being a relevant cause for rehospitalisation, only a minority of the ADRs were reported to the regulatory authorities. Strategies to prevent ADR-related readmissions and to improve reporting rates are needed.
Distribution of low quality filtering facepiece respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic: an independent analysis of the situation in Switzerland
Authors: Delaloye Jean-Romain , Vernez David , Suarez Guillaume , De Courten Damien , Zingg Walter , Perret Vincent , Metzger César M.J.A. , Richner Gilles
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus. Transmission occurs by droplets, contact and aerosols. In medical settings, filtering facepiece (FFP) respirators are recommended for use by personnel exposed to aerosol-generating procedures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for FFP respirators exceeded their supply worldwide and low-quality products appeared on the market, potentially putting healthcare workers at risk.

AIMS
To raise awareness about variations in quality of imported FFP respirators in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic, to draw attention to the current directives regulating the market launch of FFP respirators in Switzerland, to provide practical support in identifying suspicious products or documents and, finally, to offer strategies aimed at reducing the distribution of low-quality FFP respirators in the future.

METHODS
Three Swiss laboratories, Spiez Laboratory and Unisanté in partnership with TOXpro SA individually set up testing procedures to evaluate aerosol penetration and fit testing of FFP respirators imported into Switzerland during COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, Spiez Laboratory visually inspected the products, examined the certification documents and crosschecked the product information with international databases.

RESULTS
Between 31 March and 15 June 2020, 151 FFP respirators were analysed. The initial assessment performed before testing allowed a reduction of up to 35% in the number of FFP respirators sent to Spiez Laboratory for evaluation, for which product information found to be faulty. After filtration efficiency evaluation and fit testing, 52% and 60% of all products tested by Spiez Laboratory and Unisanté-TOXpro SA, respectively, did not meet the minimum performance requirements established independently by the three Swiss laboratories.

CONCLUSION
The demand for FFP respirators exceeded the supply capacity from established suppliers of the Swiss market. New production and import channels emerged, as did the number of poor-quality FFP respirators. FFP respirators remaining in stocks should be checked for conformity before being used, or eliminated and replaced if quality does not meet standards.
Face Recognition using Haar Cascade Classifier
Authors: Arnav Madan
Published: January 2021

With development of machine learning technology many applications have been revolutionized which
earlier usedto utilize high amoun to fresources. Face recognition is a crucial security application.
Though this paper we present this application using optimized amount of resources and high efficiency.
Comparative study of Image Classification
Algorithms
Authors: Deepanshu Jindal and Ajay Tiwari Utkarsh Pandey, Himanshu Aneja
Published: January 2021

This investigation analyzed five common machine learning techniques for performing image classification
included Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Binary Decision Tree
(BDT) and Discriminant Analysis (DA). AlexNet deep learning model was utilized to fabricate these machine
learning classifiers. The structure classifiers were executed and assessed by standard execution models of
Accuracy (ACC), Precision (P), Sensitivity (S), Specificity (Spe) and Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC). The five
strategies were assessed utilizing 2608 histopathological pictures for head and neck cancer. The
examination was directed utilizing multiple times 10-overlay cross validation. For every strategy, the
pre-trained AlexNet network was utilized to separate highlights from the activation layer. The outcomes
outlined that, there was no contrast between the consequences of SVM and KNN. Both have the equivalent
and the higher accuracy than others were 99.98 %, though 99.81%, 97.32% and 93.68% for DA, BDT and NB,
separately. The current examination shows that the SVM, KNN and DA are the best techniques for classifying
our dataset images.
Social Distancing Detection Using Open CV and
Yolo Object Detector
Authors: Binit Choudhary and Dr. Preety Verma Dhaka Akanksha Shukla, IshaniGarkoti, Amisha Mittal
Published: January 2021

Lately, social distancing has become a trending term, more because of the COVID-19 pandemic that has
affected the entire world causing more than 1 million deaths. The world we lived in a few months prior is
completely different from what it is now.The lack of any antidotes and the absence of immunity, capable of
fighting off the virus has made humans more undefended. Hence, Social Distancing is the only best option for
us to protect ourselves from diseases, not limited to COVID-19, that may be transmitted through human
contact. Social distancing is a technique that may be used to reduce the rate of new cases during a pandemic
outbreak. This publication is focusing on surveillance of public places and detecting whether the people are
maintaining social distancing or not. It explains the development of technology through the use of AI-based
procedures to detect whether the social distancing norm is followed or not, in any public video stream.
The software embedded can distinguish between a person maintaining social distance (marked green) and a
person who is not (marked red) and will also keep a count of incidents where social distancing was not
followed.
Medicinal Plant Resources of Shivamogga,
Karnataka
Authors: Veeranna B Shettar and Ranjith Y Arunakumar N C
Published: January 2021

The present study deals with the documentation of aromatic plant resources in Shivamogga district of
Karnataka. The peoples of this area have a very good knowledge about the usage of these plants. Elder
peoples of this area have common knowledge and easy cure for many common ailments and prepare
different types of medicines from different plant parts. India is rich in medicinal and aromatic plants and play
an important role in the country's agricultural sector due to quantitative and qualitative advantages. These
plants can help small-scale farmers to strengthen their livelihoods and capacity to build successful and
sustainable activities. A total of 40 aromatic plant species belonging to 33 genera and distributed over 22
families were recorded in the present study area.
Plants used for Piles Treatment in Shivamogga
District, Karnataka
Authors: Ranjith Y and Arunakumar N C Veeranna B Shettar
Published: January 2021

The present study deals with the documentation of plants used for piles treatment in Shivamogga district of
Karnataka. The peoples of this area have a very good knowledge about the treatment of various diseases
and piles. Piles are commonly occurring ailment and the peoples treat piles successfully with the help of
different plant species found within their area. Every elder peoples of this area have common knowledge and
easy cure for many common ailments and prepare different types of medicines from different plant parts. A
total of 56 plant species belonging to 54 genera and distributed over 36 families were found to be used by the
peoples in the treatment of piles.
Global Financial Crises and Its Impact on India
Authors: Manjushri Abhishek Kadam
Published: January 2021

Indian economy is experiencing a downturn after a long spell of growth. Industrial growth is faltering, the
current account deficit is widening, foreign exchange reserves are depleting and the rupee is depreciating
because of financial crises .The crises originated in United States but the Indian Government has a reason to
worry because there is a potential adverse impact of the crises on India. The global economic slowdown is
unprecedented in scale and has severe implications on policy formulation among emerging market. Currently
India has one of the largest Developing countries in the world. Strong economic growth in the last decade
combined with a population of over a billion makes it one of the potentially largest markets in the future. This
paper provides an overview of global financial crisis (GFC) and its impact on the Indian Economy.
Improved Weighted Sum Multi Objective
Programming
Authors: Chandra Sen
Published: January 2021

Optimizing the combined objective function is the most common approach of Multi Objective Programming
(MOP). The scalaization of objective functions have been recommended for combining the objective functions
of various dimensions. The Weighted Sum Multi Objective Programming (WSMOP) has also been used for
obtaining desirable solution. Several WSMOP methods are used for solving multi objective problems. Few
weaknesses have noticed in WSMOP methods. An improved method of WSMOP is proposed in the present
study for obtaining desirable solution of multi objective programming problems.
Human Face Generation using Deep
Convolution Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Naman and Sudha Narang Chaudhary Sarimurrab, Ankita Kesari
Published: January 2021

The Generative Models have gained considerable attention in the field of unsupervised learning via a new
and practical framework called Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) due to its outstanding data
generation capability. Many models of GAN have proposed, and several practical applications emerged in
various domains of computer vision and machine learning. Despite GAN's excellent success, there are still
obstacles to stable training. In this model, we aim to generate human faces through un-labelled data via the
help of Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks. The applications for generating faces are vast
in the field of image processing, entertainment, and other such industries. Our resulting model is successfully
able to generate human faces from the given un-labelled data and random noise.
Control and Simulation Analysis on Grid Side of a
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine
using Different Controllers
Authors: Adarsh. C. Anand and Dr. J. Vijaya Kumar
Published: January 2021

In today’s world scenario electrical energy is playing a crucial and important role in development of any
nation. Large and Enormous consumption of non-renewable resources which made them scarce in quantity
and increase in cost due to which it has created demand for renewable energy resources. Due to the current
requirements for the expansion of renewable energy as sources of electrical energy, wind energy conversion
is getting much interest all over the world. The regular traditional wind turbines have fixed turning speeds,
while DFIG enables wind turbine to operate in various speeds. In this paper using MATLAB/SIMULINK we
study the performance of DFIG using different conventional intelligent controllers. In this paper we use P, PI,
PID PI+FUZZY Logic and PID+FUZZY Logic controllers to study the DFIG. The result demonstrates the
effectiveness of controllers in boosting the system performance.
Impact of Banking Sector Reforms on Agriculture
and Sources of Agricultural Credit
Authors: Saima Khan and Dr Shiv Kumar
Published: January 2021

Agriculture industry plays an important role in the Indian economy and Banks can play an important role
in bringing agricultural revolution, in removing indifference of wealth. Utilization of high technology and
modern equipment in agriculture brings about production growth. Indian economy is emerging as one of the
leading economies of the world which makes progress of agriculture sector very crucial. In an economy like
India where agriculture is subsistence, Finance is considered as the basic ingredient for increase in
agricultural productivity. Therefore, it becomes the main responsibility of the country is to provide strong
support to this sector. Though impressive significant strides have been achieved in terms of spread network
and outreach of institutions, the qualities of flow of financial resources to agriculture continue to be
inadequate. The growth of agricultural credit in India depends mainly on Government intervention. Banking
sector reforms directly affected the agricultural sector. This paper describes the effects of various banking
sector reforms on agriculture and sources of agriculture credit.
Are There Minding Machines?
Authors: Wasserman Edward A.
Published: January 2021

Are there minding machines? In this paper, I consult historical, philosophical, and empirical sources in trying to answer this intriguing question. My historical and philosophical discussions focus on five famous Frenchmen (Michele de Montaigne, René Descartes, Salomon de Caus, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, and Jacques Vaucanson) and one famous American (William James). My review of empirical research focuses on five topics in contemporary comparative cognition: associative/causal learning, short-term memory, number discrimination, relational cognition, and metacognition. I conclude that natural minding machines do exist; they are humans and animals. Minding may be said to mediate the complex changes in behavior that humans and animals overtly exhibit. In that same sense, computers and other mechanical devices are often considered to be artificial minding machines. Nevertheless, many thinkers deem such artificial minding machines to be pale replicas of natural minding machines that are built from the “wrong stuff.” No matter how much progress in artificial intelligence advances the computing power of these devices, they may never attain the intricacy and flexibility of nature’s minding machines.
Bottoms-up! Rejecting Top-down Human-centered Approaches in Comparative Psychology
Authors: Eaton Taryn , Hutton Robert , Leete Jessica , Lieb Jennifer , Robeson Audrey , Vonk Jennifer
Published: January 2021

Although comparative psychologists have made considerable strides in the past several decades, expanding the breadth of species and questions examined, the field still suffers from an overemphasis on top-down approaches that begin and end with a focus on humans. This top-down perspective leads to biases and oversights that hamper the further development of the field. A bottom-up approach that considers species-specific abilities and behaviors in the context of theoretically relevant comparisons will be most useful in advancing knowledge of species-specific and shared abilities. This will allow a better determination of the extent to which continuities and discontinuities exist as a function of different ecological forces. In addition, a bottom-up approach will facilitate a shift in focus from using animals to better understand humans, to understanding animals themselves. This new approach will allow for an appreciation of how humans can benefit other species.
Let Us Bring Comparative Psychology Back
Authors: Abramson Charles I.
Published: January 2021

This article serves as the introduction to the special issue “The State of Comparative Psychology Today” for the International Journal of Comparative Psychology. Following opening comments, citations are provided in several areas all with the goal of stimulating students and professionals to help return comparative psychology to a prominent place in psychology. The material can be used as part of a reading list for a course in comparative psychology or as independent readings. It can also be used to shape a reasoned argument why comparative psychology should become a central part of a student’s training in psychology. Sections include books, citations on the history of comparative psychology, general issues related to comparative, teaching, and ancillary material such as websites, journals, videos and a free app for android phones that teaches students how to observe behavior
The Role of Physical Activity and Touch in Children’s Social Bonding
Authors: Jefferies Megan , Tunçgenç Bahar , Cohen Emma
Published: January 2021

Physical activity (PA) and touch, long known to facilitate interpersonal affiliation in adults and non-human primates, are common elements of children’s free play. However, no research has examined how children’s play involving PA and touch is linked with social bonding (i.e., positive emotional states and behaviors that help create, maintain and characterize affiliation and attachment among individuals). This paper reports on two novel studies designed to explore these links in children’s play. In two studies, we investigated associations between PA, touch and prosociality in 5-to-8-year-old children. In a naturalistic observation study (N = 50), we assessed the amount of PA, smiling/laughing, touch, and prosociality in children’s play behavior during school breaks. PA levels were also measured indirectly via heart rate monitors (HRM). The findings revealed that observed-PA was associated with the amount of smiling/laughing. PA (observed and HRM) was also associated with the amount of touch. In a second study (N = 84), we experimentally tested the effect of touch on helping behavior in the context of physically-active play. In pairs, children ran to collect felt shapes which they placed either onto each other (touch condition) or onto a board (no-touch condition). Subsequent helping behavior was assessed in a separate task. There was a non-significant trend towards more helping in the touch condition. We discuss the findings in terms of the significance of PA and touch for social bonding in childhood and offer suggestions for future research in this underexplored area.
Expanding Perception: The Role of Touch in Comparative Psychology -Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Botero Maria
Published: January 2021

In recent years, researchers have begun to include diverse modes of perception in comparative studies, such as vocal and tactile forms of communication, in an effort to understand social, cognitive, and affective processes in various species. In this special issue, we have collected a series of articles that approach from an interdisciplinary perspective (i.e., psychology, behavioral sciences, anthropology, and philosophy) how touch/contact has been included in diverse fields of research and exploring the new insights produced by including this mode of perception.