bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of New Mixed-Metal Ruthenium and Iridium Oxides as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution: Part I
Authors: Clayton Jasmine A. , Walton Richard I.
Published: May 2022

We review recent research into oxides of platinum group metals (pgms), in particular those of ruthenium and iridium, for use as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). These are used in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) in devices such as electrolysers, for water splitting to generate hydrogen as fuel, and in fuel cells where they provide a buffer against carbon corrosion. In these situations, proton exchange membrane (PEM) layers are used, and highly acid-resilient electrocatalyst materials are required. The range of structure types investigated includes perovskites, pyrochlores and hexagonal perovskite-like phases, where the pgm is partnered by base metals in complex chemical compositions. The role of chemical synthesis in the discovery of new oxide compositions is emphasised, particularly to yield powders for processing into MEAs. Part I introduces the electrocatalytic splitting of water to oxygen and hydrogen and provides a survey of ruthenium and iridium oxide structures for oxygen evolution reaction catalysis.
Self-sensing asphalt composite with carbon microfibers for smart weigh-in-motion
Authors: Birgin Hasan Borke , D’Alessandro Antonella , Corradini Alessandro , Laflamme Simon , Ubertini Filippo
Published: May 2022

The need for ageing infrastructure monitoring has recently emerged as an urgent priority in many countries. Smart road infrastructure is a technology that could be used to address this issue by enabling on-time decisions such as condition-based maintenance. For example, automatic traffic monitoring could be beneficial by improving fatigue analysis, and maintenance priority planning and management of overloaded vehicles. This can be done through image-based traffic monitoring, weight measurements by static scales, and weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations. WIM can be used to identify and classify the type, the number, and the weight of vehicles passing over a given road segment without interrupting the traffic flow. The general drawbacks of existing WIM technologies are their high costs, low durability, and complex deployment. This paper proposes a new asphalt-like composite enabling self-sensing road pavements that can serve as a low-cost and durable WIM sensor. The proposed novel material consists of a commercial binder called EVIzero, doped with natural aggregates and carbon microfibers. These microfibers provide electrical conductivity and piezoresistive properties through electrical percolation. Here, both the material preparation for road applications and its electromechanical characterization are examined. Various cylindrical samples fabricated using different percentages of carbon microfibers were produced and investigated in order to evaluate their signal quality and strain sensing capabilities. It is found that the material mix fabricated with 1% carbon microfibers with respect to the binder weight has the best sensing performance due to electrical percolation. A mid-size slab sample is produced using this optimal mix in order to achieve a preliminary demonstration of material’s feasibility for WIM sensing. The results show that a linear relationship between the electrical response of the slab sample and the induced strain is established with an $$R^2$$

R
2

of 93%.
Evaluation of Medical Malpractice in Urology Cases Resulting in Death
Authors: HÖSÜKLER Erdem , ÜZÜN İbrahim , YAZGI Buğra Kaan , HÖSÜKLER Bilgin
Published: May 2022

Aim: This study aimed to present 96 cases evaluated by the 1st Specialization Committee of The Council of Forensic Medicine, which included medical malpractice claims about urologists resulting in death between 2010 and 2015 and to increase the awareness of urologists about medical malpractice claims.
Materials and methods: The reports prepared by the 1st Specialization Committee of The Council of Forensic Medicine between 2010–2015 were reviewed retrospectively. All of the cases treated in Urology clinics, alleged medical malpractice, and resulted in death, participated in the study.
Results: In this study, 96 cases were included. It was reported that there was medical malpractice in 16 (16.7%) cases. Seventy–six of the patients (79.2%) were female; the most common age range was ≥ 60 years (n:46 47.9%); the mean age was 54,90±19,59 years. Seventy–three (76%) cases were followed up under elective conditions. Complications developed in 20 (20.8%) of the cases during their treatment course. Surgical treatment was applied in 68 (70.8%) patients. Twenty (20.8%) cases were diagnosed with urinary system stone disease and 16 (16.7%) cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The committee attributed malpractice to the doctors most frequently due to lack of treatment (n:6, 37.5%).
Conclusion: We think that a comprehensive review of the cases with medical malpractice claims will contribute to a better understanding of these cases, the improvement of the medical service provided, and public health.
The effects of metformin on hyperandrogenism and menstrual functions in insulin resistant adolescents with PCOS
Authors: YILMAZ Müşerref Banu , PABUÇCU Recai
Published: May 2022

Aim: To investigate the effects of metformin therapy on hyperandrogenism and menstrual functions in adolescent patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR).
Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 adolescents with PCOS were included. Hormonal and ultrasonographic assessments were done at the early follicular phase. On the day of 19-21 of the cycle, progesterone levels were measured and patients were questioned for menstrual periods. Body-mass-indexes (BMI), waist-hip ratios, and Ferriman-Gallwey scores were calculated for all patients. IR is diagnosed according to HOMA index and insulin-resistant patients were instructed to use 1500 mg/day metformin for 3 months. After treatment ended, measurements were repeated by the same researcher.
Results: Mean age and BMI values were similar between groups. Although the values of BMI and waist/hip ratio decreased after treatment, the decrement didn't reach the values of the IR- group. Free testosterone levels were significantly higher in IR+ subjects compared to IR negatives and significantly decreased after treatment. Sex hormone-binding globulin levels were increased with metformin treatment and as a result, free androgen indexes were decreased. 17 OH progesterone levels were significantly higher in the IR+ group and regressed to similar levels with IR negatives after treatment. While mean levels of fasting insulin were 19.21IU/ml in the IR+ group, it regressed to 13.14IU/ml after treatment. Also fasting glucose/insulin ratios were increased as expected. Finally, a significant improvement in the treatment group was observed at menstrual irregularity.
Conclusion: Consequently, this study supports the conclusion that metformin reduces hyperandrogenism and improves menstrual and ovulatory functions.
Herpes Zoster in Children with Underlying Comorbidities: Evaluation of the 10-Year Retrospective Single Center Experience
Authors: ÇAY Ümmühan , BARUTÇU Adnan , ÖZGÜR GÜNDEŞLİOĞLU Özlem , ALABAZ Derya
Published: May 2022

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the complications and prognosis of pediatric patients diagnosed with Herpes zoster(HZ) with an underlying comorbidity.
Materials and Methods: Between 01.01.2011-01.01.2021 in our clinic; patients aged 0-18 years, with underlying comorbidities and diagnosed with HZ, who were followed up and treated, were evaluated retrospectively. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical findings, treatments applied during hospitalization, complications developed during follow-up and prognosis were obtained from hospital file archive records.
Results: The mean age was 9.25±4.79 years, and 53.4% of patients were male. The most common symptom was rash, followed by pain and itching. Most commonly, 23 (51.1%) patients had thoracic dermatome involvement. Dissemination did not develop in any of the patients. 8.9% of the patients had chickenpox, 4.4% had varicella vaccine, and 48% had no history of varicella-zoster virus transmission. Acute leukemia and having had a bone marrow transplant were the most common co-existing conditions. Median time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 3 (min-max=1-10) days. Median length of hospitalization was 7 (min-max=3-21) days, and the mean total treatment time was 9.33±3.58 days. It was determined that only 4 patients developed secondary skin infection, 44 patients were cured, and 1 patient died due to the primary disease.
Conclusion: While HZ is rare in healthy children, it can progress with serious complications in those with an underlying disease. To consider HZ in differential diagnosis of vesicles in immunocompromised patients, to start treatment with early diagnosis; It is of great importance in terms of complications and prognosis that may develop.
“Kids, kill every mosquito you see!” Education in the fight against malaria in the Early Republican Period (1923-1948)
Authors: COŞĞUN KANDAL Sena
Published: May 2022

When the Republic of Turkey was founded, the population in the country was rapidly decreasing due to adverse sanitary conditions and many infectious diseases, especially malaria. This was not in line with the economic, national, and social objectives of the founding elites. Being aware of this situation, the founders of the state started sanitary and social geography studies in provinces before the republic was established, made the population issue their basic policy and launched a national struggle to increase the population and make it healthy. In this process, the founders used education as a tool, which is the most effective way to reach children, which they considered the main channel of modernization. Revised curricula and related textbooks gained an important place in this struggle. However, the fight against malaria, namely sanitation, formed an aspect of modernization by associating it with issues related to the new order targeted by the revolution, such as the teaching of civilized principles and the distancing from superstitions. At this point, teachers were brought to a key point and played an active role in the fight against malaria, especially in the villages. This struggle found a place more in the curriculum of primary schools, which were given more importance in the Early Republican Period compared to middle and high schools. The malaria fight was most commonly included in the 1926 curriculum among the four curricula for primary schools between 1923 and 1948. The elites who directed the education emphasized the national and civil aspect of the struggle by taking part in the malaria fight not in courses of Tabiat Tedkiki, Ziraat, Hıfzıssıhha (Nature Studies, Agriculture and Sanitation), but in the course called Musahabat-ı Ahlakiye ve Malumat-ı Vataniye (Civics). However, the visibility of the malaria fight in education gradually decreased until 1948.
Opinions of teachers on the 2018 secondary education Turkish Republic Revolution History and Kemalism course curriculum
Authors: KÖRHASAN Abdullah
Published: May 2022

Revolution history research involves many elements—such as the teacher, student, course curriculum, and textbook—presenting the solutions in the context of the current situation. With the research question “What are the opinions and suggestions of teachers of the Secondary Education Turkish Republic Revolution History and Kemalism course about the new curriculum?”, this research examines the fulfillment of the 2018 Secondary Education Turkish Republic Revolution History and Kemalism Course Curriculum by the case study methodology. In this context, a questionnaire consisting of 18 open-ended questions covering the basic components of the curriculum, such as objectives, content, instructional methods, and evaluation was developed. The questionnaire was administered online in two academic semesters to 25 history teachers working in public and private secondary education institutions affiliated with the Ministry of National Education (MEB) in Çankırı who were teaching the Turkish Republic Revolution History and Kemalism course. In the current research, the following conclusions were drawn: the duration of weekly course hours limits the fulfillment of course goals and learning outcomes, depth of content presentation, and instructional methodologies used; teachers have primarily favorable opinions about the objectives, but they identify some factors that limit the achievement of the objectives; teachers draw attention to the borders of the course, newly added topics, and the chronology in the determination, organization, and dealing with the content; although it is stated that more than one teaching method can be used in the instructional process, generally direct teaching is used; the traditional and alternative approaches are preferred together by indicating variety in the evaluation; teachers explain mainly methodological phenomena in the strengths of the curriculum, however they make explanations that focusing on content component, in comparison of the curriculum with the previous curricula, and on the weakness of the curriculum.
Shipping wastewater samples to FDA-CFSAN v2
Authors: Balkey Maria
Published: May 2022

This SOP provides guidance for shipping wastewater samples to the US FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), covering specific steps for registering samples with CFSAN and for the preparation of shipments (documentation, packaging, notifications). We recommend that samples are shipped in two batches, one batch after 3 months of sampling and one batch at the conclusion of your sampling (~6 months).
An on-site adaptable test for rapid and sensitive detection of Potato mop-top virus, a soil-borne virus of potato (Solanum tuberosum) v1
Authors: Zhai Ying
Published: May 2022

Potato mop-top virus(PMTV) is considered an emerging threat to potato production in the United States. PMTV is transmitted by a soil-borne protist, Spongospora subterranean. Rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection of PMTV in leaves and tubers is an essential component in PMTV management program. A rapid test that can be adapted to in-field, on-site testing with minimal sample manipulation could help in ensuring the sanitary status of the produce in situations such as certification programs and shipping point inspections. Toward that goal, a rapid and highly sensitive recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-based test was developed for PMTV detection in potato tubers. The test combines the convenience of RPA assay with a simple sample extraction procedure, making it amenable to rapid on-site diagnosis of PMTV. Furthermore, the assay was duplexed with a plant internal control to monitor sample extraction and RPA reaction performance. The method described could detect as little as 10 fg of PMTV RNA transcript in various potato tissues, the diagnostic limit of detection (LOQ) similar to that of traditional molecular methods.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and outcomes of hip and vertebral fractures hip fracture in patients with end-stage kidney disease v1
Authors: Shimamura Yoshinosuke
Published: May 2022

This is the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to systematically and quantitatively evaluate the mortality rate and time-period mortality after hip fracture and spinal fracture in patients with ESKD treated with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation.
Creating iPSC lines with Ribonucleoprotein (RNP): Nucleofection, Single-cell Sorting, Genotyping, and Line Maintenance Protocol v1
Authors: Gill Kamaljot
Published: May 2022

This protocol describes how to perform gene editing on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and how to the isolate lines with the desired excision. It describes nucleofection, single cell sorting via FACS, genotyping, and the maintenance of the cell lines throughout the process. This protocol is optimized for spCas9.
[RETRACTED] Pro Boost Keto v1
Authors: A H
Published: May 2022

[RETRACTED]

That being said, taking out carbs conveys solid weight reduction assuming you make due, by initiating the metabolic state known as ketosis.
Preparation and use of 12-well plates for the rapid detection of terbinafine-resistant dermatophytes v1
Authors: El Moussaoui Khalid
Published: May 2022

This protocol describes the steps necessary for the preparation and use of screening plates for the rapid detection of terbinafine resistant dermatophytes.
Quantitative Method to Measure Disinfectant Product Efficacy v1
Authors: Hilgren John
Published: May 2022

This protocol is used for measuring the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by liquid disinfectants. In brief, stainless-steel discs are inoculated with single 10 µL drops of a P. aeruginosa suspension also containing a three-part soil mixture. The three-part soil consists of bovine mucin, bovine serum albumin and yeast extract. The inoculum drops are dried on the discs and then the discs are transferred into flat-bottom vials for testing. Testing involves overlaying each dried inoculum spot with 50 µL of a disinfectant working solution or a negative control solution. A contact time is allowed to elapse and then a disinfectant-neutralizing agent is added. Any material still adsorbed on the carrier is eluted by vigorous washing/mixing of the carrier in the neutralizer. The neutralizer eluate and 10-fold serial dilutions of the eluate are filtered through 0.2-micron membrane filters. The filters are transferred to the surfaces of agar plates and incubated. Colony forming units on the filters are counted and log reductions for the disinfectant treatments are calculated.
Economic Abuse From Child and Youth Perspectives: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Bruno Linnéa
Published: May 2022

Research has established that the economic hardship caused by intimate partner violence (IPV), including economic abuse, is an important obstacle impeding women from leaving a violent partner. Furthermore, economic violence typically continues post‐separation, also when other forms of abuse have ended. IPV—typically, men’s violence against women—is an issue of direct concern for children, even if the violent behaviour is not directed towards the child. A growing body of research has documented detrimental effects on children’s health, well‐being, and cognitive development when exposed to IPV/domestic abuse. In recent decades, research has also explored children’s perspectives and strategies to cope with being exposed to violence in families. Economic abuse, however, is a form of violence that is seldom studied from a child’s perspective. This article aims to explore existing knowledge on economic abuse from child and youth perspectives, drawing from childhood studies, interdisciplinary violence studies, critical social work, and social policy studies. The research review is divided as follows: (a) findings on children’s direct and indirect victimisation of economic abuse; (b) findings on economic abuse in young people’s intimate relationships and the context of honour‐related violence; and (c) findings on economic abuse concerning parenting, with discussions on possible implications for dependent children. Suggestions for further research are put forward.
ARTIST’S IRON-BASED NATURAL EARTH PIGMENTS OF TUSCANY (MONTE AMIATA VOLCANO, ITALY)
Authors: VEZZOLI LUIGINA , PRINCIPE CLAUDIA
Published: May 2022

Among the artist’s iron-based natural earth pigments, the so-called terra di Siena (raw sienna), terra di Siena bruciata (burnt sienna) and terra d’ombra (umber) have been among the yellow-brown and reddish-brown earth pigments most widely used by Italian and European painters since the Renaissance. We present the history of discovery, designation, and production of these famous pigments, their geological, lithological, and geochemical characterization, and the recognition of their genesis and places of origin, based on new geological field surveys, and on the critical analysis of textual documents and rock sample collections assembled during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In particular, the terra di Siena earth pigment exclusively originated at, and was extracted from, late Pleistocene paleo-lake basins surrounding the Monte Amiata volcano. This earth pigment consists of primarily lacustrine sediments composed of hydrated iron oxide (limonite/goethite) produced by biochemical authigenic precipitation from fresh waters rich in metal solutes.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATION SKILLS OF SENIOR PRESCHOOLERS IN THE EXPERIMENTATION PROCESS
Authors: Karuk Inna , Kolesnik Kateryna , Prysiazhniuk Larysa , Kryvosheya Tetiana , Shykyrynska Oleksandra , Vyshkivska Vanda , Komarivska Nadiia
Published: May 2022

The authors of the article consider the importance of cooperation skills as some of soft skills of a person. The significance of developing these skills from preschool age on is emphasized. The influence of children's experimentation on their all-round development and readiness of senior preschool children to study at school is considered. The interrelation between group activities in the process of experimentation and the development of senior preschoolers’ cooperation skills is shown. Based on the observation of children's activities in the process of experimentation, the educator’s participation in this process and the survey of senior preschoolers and educators reveal the aspects of the organization of children’s group activities that have to be improved. The peculiarities of the educator's participation at all stages of the experiment done by senior preschool children in groups are analyzed – during the goal setting, discussion of the experimental procedure, summarizing, as well as during the verbal report on the results of the experiment. Emphasis is placed on the fact that it is important to organize experimentation centres at preschool institutions, which will allow children to freely experiment and form a team to carry out search activities. The psychological and pedagogical conditions for the children's experimentation in groups being organized at preschool institutions by educators for the successful formation of senior preschoolers’ cooperation skills are formulated.
Assessment of the risk of spontaneous preterm birth in pregnant women with the Dr. Arabin cervical pessary
Authors: Sargsyan Gabriel S. , Bespalova Olesya N.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth has a multifactorial etiology, including both maternal and fetal complications, amid the effect of functionally impaired variants of multiple genes. Preterm birth is therefore considered as the major obstetric syndrome. One of the anatomical components of this syndrome is a short cervix, and a cervical pessary is used as a prevention of preterm birth in these patients.
AIM: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth in pregnant women who received a cervical pessary.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, open, randomized cohort study included 189 women with a singleton pregnancy and a short cervix (25 according to the Salomon scale) and a threatened miscarriage / preterm birth in the second and third trimesters trimester, who received the Dr. Arabin cervical pessary. We analyzed 183 parameters and identified the main risk factors leading to spontaneous preterm birth based on pregnancy outcomes.
RESULTS: Based on the pregnancy outcomes, all patients were categorized into two main groups: group I included 167 women with term birth and group II consisted of 19 pregnant women with spontaneous preterm birth. The main risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth in singleton pregnancies in descending order were: the Bishop score 7 points (p = 0.00032, OR 12.38, 95 % CI [3.5043.87]), the modified Steinberg score 8 points (p = 0.00056, OR 10.55, 95% CI [3.0936.03]), cervical length 15 mm by transvaginal cervicometry (p 0.001, OR 7.94, 95% CI [2.8322.26]), history of preterm birth (p = 0.00128, OR 6.91, 95% CI [2.3220.56]), chronic placental insufficiency (p = 0.00307, OR 5.06, 95 % CI [1.8214.01]), genital anomalies (p = 0.07452, OR 5.03, 95% CI [1.1522.06]), and history of surgical manipulations on the cervix (p = 0.07003, OR 2.90, 95% CI [1.058.00]). In multivariate analysis, the risk of spontaneous preterm birth was five times higher in pregnant women with the concomitant presence of three risk factors: cervical length 15 mm, the modified Steinberg score 8 points, and the Bishop score 7 points (83.33% of spontaneous preterm birth compared to 16.67% of term birth; p 0.05, OR 59.29, 95% CI [6.47543.29]).
CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with a short cervix and the Dr. Arabin cervical pessary, we have identified groups at higher risk for spontaneous preterm birth.
Spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in the postpartum period
Authors: Rudenko Ksenia A. , Zazerskaya Irina E. , Li Olga A. , Bezrukikh Vadim A. , Parfyonov Ilya  V. , Yakubov Andrey V. , Vyshedkevich Elena D. , Mashchenko Irina A.
Published: May 2022

Spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is an extremely rare complication that develops during or after a spontaneous pregnancy and requires timely diagnosis and appropriate intensive care. This article presents a rare clinical case of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with the development of its severe clinical picture in the postpartum period. The article focuses on the fact of the difficult diagnosis of this syndrome in the postpartum period and the difficulties of differential diagnosis with systemic inflammatory response syndrome associated with current infection process. The correct diagnosis changed the treatment landscape, when the administration of the right therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin provided positive changes in the disease course with a benign outcome.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A systematic analysis
Authors: Ovsyannikov Philipp A. , Kosovtsova Natalya  V. , Ryabokon Nikita  R. , Sukhotskaya Anna  A. , Beliaeva Olga  A. , Zazerskaya Irina  E.
Published: May 2022

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a condition characterized by a defect in the diaphragm that leads to protrusion of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity interfering with normal development of the fetal lungs. The defect may range from a small aperture in the posterior muscle rim to complete absence of the diaphragm. The pathophysiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a combination of lung hypoplasia and immature birth associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and cardiac dysfunction. Prenatal assessment of the lung-to-head ratio and the position of the liver (presence or absence of a liver lobe in the chest) by ultrasound are used to diagnose and predict outcomes. Delivery of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia is recommended close to term gestation. Immediate management at birth includes bowel decompression, avoidance of mask ventilation and endotracheal tube placement if required. The primary focus of management includes gentle ventilation of the lungs, hemodynamic monitoring and treatment of pulmonary hypertension, followed by preparation for surgery only after stabilization of the newborns condition. Although the US Food and Drug Administration do not approve inhaled nitric oxide, it is commonly used to treat persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn induced by congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is usually considered after failure of standard resuscitative interventions in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia born at 34 weeks of gestational age or with body weight 2 kg and no associated gross fetal anomalies. Multiple factors such as premature birth, congenital anomalies, severity of pulmonary hypertension, type of postpartum recovery, and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation affect the overall survival of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Thanks to advances in the management of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, overall survival has increased, reaching 7090 %, and with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation up to 50 %.
Analysis of polymorphic variants of the survivin promoter and p53 transcription factor in patients with genital endometriosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus and their combination
Authors: Andreeva Nelly Y. , Ivaschenko Tatiana E. , Yarmolinskaya Maria I. , Misharina Elena V. , Shagina Anna A. , Sergeeva Maria L.
Published: May 2022

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the SNP surviving, the p53 gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing genital endometriosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The frequency of allelic variants of the BIRC5 and TP53 genes was studied by PCR-RFLP analysis in 243 women, including 84 patients with genital endometriosis (stages IIV), 85 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 47 women with diabetes mellitus type 1 and endometriosis and 27 women of the control group represented by the population sample.
RESULTS: It was found that the frequency of the allele C polymorphic variant of rs9904341 in the BIRC5 gene was significantly higher in the group of patients with diseases compared to the population sample (p 0.05). Significant differences for the C / C genotype in patients with genital endometriosis relative to the control group (p = 0.01) According to the odds ratio, the risk of developing genital endometriosis was 56 times higher for this genotype (ОR 56.31, CI 2.521258.7). Significant differences for the ins/ins genotype of TP53(p16) gene in patients with genital endometriosis relative to the control group (p = 0.005). According to the odds ratio, the risk of developing genital endometriosis was 94 times higher for this genotype (ОR 94.29, CI 3.882288.81). In addition, the frequency of the allele ins polymorphic variant of p16 in the TP53 gene was significantly higher in the group of patients with diseases compared to the control group (p 0.05). The same results for the P allele of the rs1042522 polymorphism in the TP53 gene (p 0.05). According to the odds ratio, the risk of developing genital endometriosis with diabetes mellitus type 1 was 3 times higher for G/A genotype of rs9930232 (p6) than for other genotypes (ОR 3.1, CI 2.521258.7)
CONCLUSIONS: The investigated factors can be considered as risk markers for the development of genital endometriosis and diabetes mellitus type one.
Proteozom inhibitörü Carfilzomib’in multipl miyelom hücrelerinde piroptozis hücre ölüm yolağı üzerine olan etkisi
Authors: AKÇORA YILDIZ Dilara , BAYKAN Yakuphan , AŞIK Fadime
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Multipl miyelom (MM), monoklonal antikor salgılayan anormal plazma hücrelerinin kemik iliğinde aşırı birikimi ile karakterize bir B hücre malignitesidir. Klinik uygulamalarda ikinci nesil proteozom inhibitörü carfilzomib (CFZ), relaps veya tedaviye dirençli hastaların tedavi rejimlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, MM hücrelerinde CFZ’in tetiklediği hücre ölümü mekanizmaları tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, MM hücrelerinde CFZ’in apoptotik olmayan düzenli hücre ölüm yolaklarından biri olan piroptozis üzerine olan etkisinin araştırılmasıdır.

Yöntem: İnsan RPMI 8226, U266 ve NCI H929 MM hücre hatları, CFZ’in IC50 dozları ile 48 saat süre boyunca muamele edildi. Muamele edilen hücrelerde piroptozisin önemli substratları olan GSDMD ve GSDME ile Bax ve Bcl-2 genlerinin mRNA düzeylerindeki farklılıklar kantitatif eş zamanlı PCR (qPCR) yöntemiyle belirlendi.

Bulgular: NCI H929 ve RPMI 8226 hücrelerinde CFZ uygulamasının hem GSDMD hem de GSDME mRNA düzeylerinde anlamlı artışa neden olduğu belirlenirken, U266 hücrelerinde ise sadece GSDME mRNA seviyesinde anlamlı bir artış tespit edildi (p
Age specific references for anti-mullerian hormone and use as a potential diagnostic marker of PCOS in an Indian population
Authors: Vijayan Abinaya , Shankar K M Kundavi , Geetha
Published: May 2022

: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder of reproductive age characterized by anovulatory infertility and diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria. The International evidence based guidelines for PCOS, confirms that raised levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in patients with PCOS but lack of cutoff values in different age groups is limited. Hence the present study was aimed to determine a cutoff value of AMH in different age groups that could facilitate potential diagnostic marker of PCOS Chennai, India.

: A total of 800 women aged 20 to 40 years, including 139 (17.3%) PCOS patients and 160 eumenorrheic non-hirsute control women were prospectively enrolled in this study between May 2020 and July 2021. The Rotterdam criteria were used for diagnosis of PCOS. The cut-off levels of AMH in different age categories were estimated, using the Bayesian method. Mann-Whitney and Chi-square statistical analysis were done for the variables.

: Out of139 PCOS patients, 38/139 (27.3%) aged 20-25 years, 35/139 (25.1%) aged 26-30 years, 32/139 (23%) aged 31-35 years and 34 (24.4%) aged 36-40 years. Mean AMH concentrations in women with PCOS was higher 5.24 ± 3.61 ng/mL in comparison to controls 2.51 ± 1.74 ng/mL. The cutoff levels of PCOS in the age categories of 20-25, 26-30,31-35 and 36-40 years were 5.6 (95% CI: 5.20–6.18), 5.3 (95% CI: 5.14–4.28), 4.03 (95% CI: 3.55–4.42) and 3.52 (95% CI: 3.72–3.27), respectively.

: Serum AMH concentration >3.52 ng/mL could be used as cutoff value as a potential diagnostic marker of PCOS in all age group. Further, studies needed with more PCOS patients to identify the reference intervals of serum AMH according to age groups and can be used an additional marker for PCOS diagnosis.
Effectiveness of cervical encerclage and its perinatal outcome-A cohort study
Authors: Madhu Indu M , Kattukaran Anoj , Thomas Susan
Published: May 2022

Cervical incompetence is the inability of cervix to support a full term pregnancy. The patient presents with a partially dilated cervix, with or without a history of recurrent mid trimester losses or preterm births. It is believed thatthe forced mechanical closure of an ‘incompetent’ cervix with a suture maintains the cervical length, thus preventing preterm labor.

To evaluate effectiveness of cervical encerclage in women with cervical incompetence and its perinatal outcomes.

This ambispective cohort study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur. Medical records were reviewed during the period of 2008-201. 79 cases were included in this study.

Clinical data, gestational age, cervical dilatation at the time of cerclage, cerclage-delivery interval, gestational age at the time of delivery, birth weight and maternal complications, were collected.

Mean gestational age at the time of cerclage is 18.686 ±4.0200 weeks. Mean cerclage - delivery interval is18.510 ±6.3026 weeks. Cerclage delivery interval in prophylactic cases is 20.13 ±3.79 weeks and in rescue cerclages it is 9.487± 2.73 weeks. Prophylactic cerclage is more effective than rescue cerclages (p=0.0002). Mean gestational age at delivery is 36.666 ±5.3354 weeks. 23cases (29%) had low birth weight babies (<2500 gm). No maternal complications were noted in the study. 12 cases(14%) showed preterm complications. 8cases (10%) resulted in fetal demise.

Based on this study we conclude that cerclage is beneficial in prolonging pregnancy with a consequent reduction of fetal losses and neonatal deaths.
Pleural malignant deciduoid mesothelioma: Case report of a rare variant of epithelioid mesothelioma
Authors: Kottangal Gittwa Vatsaraj , Madhavan Lilly , Kuruvilla Shalini , Parameswaran Kavitha Kanjirakadu
Published: May 2022

Malignant deciduoid mesothelioma (MDM), a rare variant of epithelioid mesothelioma, accounts for less than 5% of mesotheliomas. The term deciduoid mesothelioma was introduced by Nascimento et al. in 1994 to describe a rare variant of epithelioid mesothelioma that bears a morphological resemblance to decidua or decidual-type changes. It has an unknown etiology, and the relation with asbestos exposure remains debatable. The presence of decidual-type cells often makes the diagnosis difficult in the small biopsy specimen, especially in the peritoneal biopsy of young female patients, as they can be misdiagnosed as normal decidualized tissue. The prognosis of deciduoid mesothelioma was considered poor, but now reports suggest that the prognosis depends on the grade of the tumor. Mesothelioma is more commonly seen in older men, but deciduoid mesothelioma most often occurs in young women and is initially thought to occur only in the peritoneum of young women. Later case reports of this rare variant occurring in the pleura, the pericardium, and the tunica vaginalis of older adults are also seen. Herein we report a case of a 60-year-old male patient diagnosed with high-grade malignant deciduoid pleural mesothelioma on small biopsy, treated with four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Pemetrexed + Carboplatin + Bevacizumab), with partial favorable response to chemotherapy underwent pleurectomy. Following this, the patient was on maintenance chemotherapy; unfortunately, he had progressive disease with adrenal and lymph node metastasis.
Evolución de pacientes hospitalizados durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Perú
Authors: Asenjo-Alarcón José Ander
Published: May 2022

Introducción: la hospitalización de pacientes durante la pandemia de COVID-19 se incrementó de manera importante, y evidenció las carencias de los sistemas de salud, que no respondieron de forma adecuada y eficiente. Objetivo: determinar la evolución de pacientes hospitalizados durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Perú. Métodos: investigación descriptiva, transversal, retrospectiva. Efectuada con una data de 115 306 pacientes, a quienes se valoró su última evolución, el ingreso a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, si recibieron oxígeno o ventilación, fallecidos por COVID-19 y vacunación contra esta enfermedad, según los datos de la plataforma nacional de datos abiertos del Ministerio de Salud del Perú. Para analizar los datos se usaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas y para la asociación comparativa de variables, el chi cuadrado de homogeneidad con una significancia estadística de p < 0,01. Resultados: de los pacientes que ingresaron a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, que recibieron oxígeno y ventilación, el 51,1 %, 59,1 % y 44,9 %, respectivamente, fueron dados de alta. Del 28,3 % de pacientes que fallecieron, el 90,2 % fue por COVID-19. La mayor proporción fueron adultos (51,1 %) y adultos mayores (31,2 %), de los cuales el 36,3 % y 62,4 % fallecieron por COVID-19. De los fallecidos por COVID-19, el 96,9 % no tenía ninguna dosis de vacuna contra la enfermedad. Conclusión: más de la mitad de los pacientes que ingresaron a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y recibieron oxígeno fueron dados de alta, la mayoría de los fallecidos por COVID-19 fueron adultos, adultos mayores y no vacunados. Las diferencias entre todos los pares de variables comparadas fueron altamente significativas (p < 0,001).
In-Cylinder Cold-Flow Analysis - ‘A Comparison of Crank-Slider Engine and Crank-Rocker Engine’
Authors: Jamil Abdullah , Baharom Masri B. , Abd Aziz Abd Rashid B.
Published: May 2022

Researchers and engineers are continuously working to improve the overall efficiency of internal combustion engines by modifying the engine designs and configurations. As new engine designs are introduced, the in-cylinder flow behaviour becomes more and more complex. The maximum output and efficiency that can be achieved from a single cylinder engine depends upon the amount of air entrapped in the combustion chamber during intake stroke. A novel crank-rocker (C-R) engine was designed and fabricated in Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Malaysia and is currently under optimization phase. This paper narrates the in-cylinder cold-flow analysis of the C-R engine considering widely used industrial automotive software, Converge CFD. The turbulent behaviour of the C-R engine was compared with that of the conventional crank-slider engine. The initial and boundary conditions for the C-R engine simulations were set according to the benchmarked crank-slider engine. RNG k-ε turbulence model was used to generate the data plots for tumble & swirl ratios, cylinder pressure, TKE, turbulent dynamic viscosity and vorticity at cold-flow conditions. It was observed that the C-R engine has better air scavenging properties and can achieve better air-fuel mixing that can lead to emission-free combustion. This study will help in understanding the turbulent airflow behaviour within the curved cylinder under the influence of rocking piston motion, and its advantageous flow properties compared to those in crank-slider engines.
El líder sin estado mayor: la oficina del gobernante
Authors: Matus Carlos
Published: May 2022

Este libro es irreverente. La situación no está para reverencias, pero es una irreverencia con cariño y severidad, con respeto por la poco reconocida y agotadora tarea del político serio; es la bofetada calculada que se da al amigo para despertarlo de su letargo, para abrirle los ojos, para verlo reaccionar. Ser buen político es muy difícil y muy respetable. Sin embargo, la política está invadida por las capas menos selectas de la sociedad y ellas marcan el quehacer político con un signo negativo. Debemos rescatar la política para los mejores. Dignificar la política. Sin partidos políticos y organizaciones sociales no hay democracia. Tampoco hay democracia sin gobiernos eficaces y limpios. La causa más profunda de nuestros males está en la baja capacidad de gobierno de nuestros líderes y en la cultura de los partidos políticos que cada vez más parecen clubes electorales. El ciudadano común no cree en la política ni en los políticos. La reducción del Estado a su mínima expresión y la desaparición de los partidos políticos sería la pérdida definitiva de la democracia. Por allí no está el camino. La salida está en revolucionar el estilo de hacer política y el estilo de gobierno, en combinar las ideologías con las ciencias. Como dice Pascal, hay dos extravagancias: excluir la razón e incluir solo la razón. Las ciencias sin ideología son un barbarismo tan peligroso como la ideología sin ciencias. Este ensayo busca el punto de equilibrio en el juicio cuasirracional en al análisis tecnopolítico.
Adapting the Singapore Model to Nigeria’s Urban Management
Authors: Echendu Adaku Jane
Published: May 2022

Nigeria and Singapore are two countries that bear some historical similarities as well as differences. Singapore has emerged as a poster child for sustainable urban development while Nigeria lags very far behind in this area. This paper analyses if, and what lessons can be drawn from Singapore to inform and improve Nigeria’s urban planning and management. Improving Nigeria’s urban planning sector is especially important considering its projected additional urban growth of 226 million by 2050. The paper employs a qualitative review of existing literature and finds that relevant lessons could be drawn from Singapore’s urban planning to positively influence sustainable urban planning in Nigeria. The contextual similarities between the countries and the current planning system in place make the chances of success high. The paper advocates a planning reform focused on adequately implementing Master Plans, strengthening its planning institutions and appropriate development control, and putting in place strong disincentives for corruption to promote sustainable urban planning and improve urban conditions and sustainability.
Eco-epidemiological studies to develop integrated vector surveillance of leishmaniasis vectors in the Americas
Authors: Salomón Oscar Daniel , Quintana María Gabriela
Published: May 2022

We developed an integrated vector surveillance (IVS) proposal for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Americas, based on eco-epidemiological studies conducted by researchers of the Leishmaniasis Research Network of Argentina. For CL, the transmission was explained in the framework of the edge effect, the increase of vectors and risk of exposure at ecotones and environmental interfaces, and typified as ephemeral, transient, or permanent edges, supporting a cost-effective IVS strategy for early warning of CL outbreaks through an environmental modification alert network, which includes multiple sources of information and actors. In relation to VL, the earliest colonization sites and spatial distribution were explained by modeling and forecasting the most likely hotspots, persistent in time and space, and modulated by environmental variables. Therefore, for VL, a scalar strategy of critical site selection is proposed from a “city” scale based on secondary sources such as remote sensing for the definition of possible areas to monitor and intervene, a scale of restriction from possible to most likely areas through local knowledge, and a “focal site” scale of trap placement through field observation; in this way, IVS activities are carried out at a few sites of the urban landscape and allow a sustainable program.
Pengawasan Terhadap Informasi Asimetri Dalam Laporan Keuangan Yang Mempengaruhi Transaksi Saham Di Pasar Modal
Authors: Yusuf Chandra , Purwaningsih Endang
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the disclosure of information in a company's financial statements. The company reports its financial statement to the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in accordance to theinformation disclosure regulations. Information that has not been revealed poses as the problem. The information contained in the financial statements causes stock prices in the capital market to not be reflect ed entirely. Therefore, the financial statements cannot be used as the basis information for making accurate decisions for investors. This study uses an economic analysis approach tothelaw. The results of the analysis conclude that financial statements that have not been fully disclosed will lead to the asymmetryof the information. Disclosure of information cannot collect informationthat is intentionally hidden. Financial statements for which information has not been fully disclosed constitute weak information. Financial Statements have a gray area which in a solar eclipse is known as the penumbra. OJK requires regulations that channel authority to a group or groups of people who control forensic accounting. Therefore, OJK needs to make regulations thatcanaccommodate this so that the information can form efficient stock prices in the capital market.
Gravitational Mass of the Rarefied Cloud of Relativistic Material Particles
Authors: Belayev Wladimir
Published: May 2022

A cloud of relativistic material particles is considered, for which the distortions of length and time caused by the presence of the Lorentz factor an order of magnitude greater than curvature of space-time by gravity. The gravitational mass of the cloud is found in the region where its size is insignificant. It is established that the coefficient of dependence of the cloud mass on the total rest mass of its particles includes a complete elliptic integral of the 2nd kind.
The Dark Energy Sector of Generalised Proper Time
Authors: Jackson David
Published: May 2022

Generalisation from the local 4-dimensional spacetime form for a proper time interval provides an alternative basis for a unified theory contrasting with the more familiar approach of appending extra dimensions of space. In both cases the main goal is to derive a structure of matter that accounts for empirical observations from the properties of the additional components. Previous work has focussed upon the direct and significant connections that this new approach makes with the Standard Model of particle physics while also providing a link with dark matter models. In this paper we elaborate on how a further sector of generalised proper time, incorporating the key component of negative pressure, can account for the apparent dark energy fuelling the accelerating large-scale expansion of the universe. Through comparison with existing dark energy models we elucidate the elementary composition of this sector, its potential relation to an effective cosmological constant term, and the nature of possible interaction with the visible and dark matter sectors.