bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of determining capacity on double-way lines when passing high-speed passenger trains
Authors: Abdullaev Zhasurbek , Rasulov Marufdjan , Masharipov Masud
Published: June 2021

Development of proposals for adapting the existing methodology for calculating the available throughput to the operating conditions of the railways of Uzbekistan, taking into account the factors that ensure traffic safety when passing high-speed passenger trains. Methods: Grapho-analytical approaches and a comparative analysis method were used to determine the throughput of railway lines with mixed train traffic. Results: The main factors influencing the capacity of lines, advantages and disadvantages for each existing method for determining the capacity of railway lines are given. To assess the quality of transportation processes on railway lines, experimental train schedules were constructed. Based on the analysis of their indicators, a formula was proposed for calculating the throughput on double-track lines when passing high-speed passenger trains. Practical significance: The application of the proposed methodology improves the calculations of the performance indicators of sections with an unparalleled train schedule.
Improving the delivery of wagon shipments by mathematical-statistical methods
Authors: Kobulov Jamshid , Barotov Jamshid
Published: June 2021

The results of the analysis of the delivery time of loaded wagons were determined by mathematical-statistical methods. The delivery time of the wagon shipment was considered in the example of a shipment with a transport distance of 200, 650, 1000 km of the processing process based on the mathematical-statistical method. According to the law of normal distribution, the accuracy of the approximation of the delivery time is determined by V.I. In an examination using the Romanovsky criterion, it was proved that it would be taken into account in the future. The proposed time delivery technology is based on illustrative data on the completion of a specific delivery time provided to the team by determining a coefficient that considers various factors for the next period, i.e., this coefficient determines the daily distance traveled by the wagon for the next period.
Electron-paramagnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopic research of the structure of a southfield Polyvinylidene difluoride near the percolation threshold
Authors: Umarov Abdusalam , Kamolova Dilnavoz , Kurbonov Makhmudjon
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the results of scientific research work are carried out to study the role of the interfacial layer in filled polymer materials using infrared and electron-paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using the fundamentals of solid-state physics. At the same time, the authors of this work used all the rich experience of both experimenters and theoreticians working in this field of science and their own developments regarding methods for controlling the structure of these materials. It is noteworthy that the material interpreted in this work concerns composites subjected to special technological preparation, including the stage of ultrasonic dispersion of filler particles in a binder medium.
Features of structural adaptability of polymer composite coatings
Authors: Ziyamukhamedova Umida , Djumabaev Alijon , Urinov Bakhtiyor , Almatayev Tojiboy
Published: June 2021

Coatings based on thermosetting and thermoplastic polymer binders using mechanically activated silicate fillers from local natural raw materials (from Koytash deposit), activated on a mechano-activator of wollastonite of different dispersion were investigated. The studies conducted made it possible to establish the effect of the surface roughness of the material on the cotton fiber damageability under their frictional interaction and the phenomena occurring in the polymer-cotton tribosystem, where, after the end of non-stationary friction, i.e. during the running-in period with a stable frictional interaction, the processes of formation of dynamic tribostructures continuously occur. These tribostructures provide a certain stable and minimum value of the friction force, and their destruction is compensated by their restoration, owing to information feedback.
Composite tribotechnical materials for autotractors assemblies
Authors: Nurmetov Khurshidbek , Riskulov Alimjon , Avliyokulov Jamshed
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to developing composite tribotechnical materials based on thermoplastic matrices for designs of autotractor units optimized for service life, safety, and ergonomics. Also, the characteristics, parameters, and application of the obtained composite materials are given.
Development of production technology of rolling stock cast parts
Authors: Toirov Otabek , Tursunov Nodirjon
Published: June 2021

Using the computer simulation program ProCAST, the analysis of the processability of the gating system used in the current production of the SK “Foundry-Mechanical Factory” in the manufacture of large cast parts of railway rolling stock was performed. Based on computer modeling, a new design of a gating system with a dispersed metal motive with different sizes of feeder sections was developed, providing simultaneous parallel filling of all parts of the mold cavity. The feature of the proposed design of the gating system is the presence of an extended horizontal collector and the supply of metal to the end parts of the casting. With this design, two counter-flows are formed in the mold cavity, their fusion occurs in the middle part of the casting in a cooled and highly polluted state, since during the filling process, the head part of the flow collects sand inclusions along the way, is oxidized and saturated with hydrogen. These factors are a prerequisite for the formation of various defects in castings.
About designing the height of the first profile of the marshalling hump
Authors: Maxkamov Nurmukhammad , Djalilov Khasan , Kamilov Khasan
Published: June 2021

The Height of the high-speed section of the sorting slide. Design of high-speed section of the marshalling hump. To prove mathematically the absence of theoretical basis of the formula by which the height of the first profile section of the marshalling hump is calculated in the current calculation method of marshalling humps. The paper uses the theorem on the change of kinetic energy for a non-free material point in the final form, known from theoretical mechanics. The research results revealed that the formulas by which the height of the first profile section of the marshalling hump is calculated to contradict the theorem on the change of kinetic energy for a non-free material point in the final form. The research results can be used in the processing of the normative-technical document on the design of hump devices on railways and making adjustments to the dynamics of rolling the car in textbooks for universities of railway transport. The results of the calculations proved the incorrectness of the derivation of the formula for calculating the height of the first profile section of the marshalling hump in the normative-technical document “Rules and standards for the design of sorting devices on the railways with gauge 1 520 mm”.
Assessment criteria for optimization of parameters affecting to local wagon-flows at railway sites
Authors: Jumayev Sherzod , Khudayberganov Sakijan , Achilov Oybek , Allamuratova Munira
Published: June 2021

Various methods can be used to obtain the most reliable results in optimizing the parameters that directly affect the acceleration of the local wagon-flows at railway sites. First of all, to use these methods, it is necessary to create a multidimensional criterion for evaluating the parameters. Assessment criteria include overtime of trains at intermediate stations, excessive costs associated with the delivery of wagons, irrationality of the geographical location of freight facilities at intermediate stations, variability of hauling and carrying capacity of hauls, processing of trains at technical stations and their time of departure. Trains can take the level of execution of the movement schedule and so on. To optimally solve multidimensional assessment criteria, it is first necessary to find the best target function, which considers the opposite characteristics of all assessment criteria, “contributes” to the final result of each assessment criteria and simultaneously expressed in different units. It should be able to compare. This paper provides a systematic solution to the above issues based on the assessment criteria.
Measuring scheme for determination of loads acting on the side frame of the bogie from a wheelset
Authors: Rahimov Rustam , Nekrasova Anastasia , Ogorodnikova Larisa , Lisovsky Grigory , Zairova Dilfuza , Mustaeva Guldora
Published: June 2021

The study aims to develop a measuring circuit to determine the loads acting on the side frame of the bogie from the wheelset when the wagon is moving. The paper reviews and analyzes experimental methods for measuring the vertical and lateral forces acting on the side frame of the bogie from the wheelset when the wagon is moving. Theoretical studies of the stress-strain state of the side frame of a freight wagon bogie were carried out using the finite element method under the action of loads on the axle opening from the wheelset. As a result of theoretical studies by the finite element method, the places for the installation of strain gauges were determined, and a method for processing the received signals was selected. The developed measuring scheme makes it possible to determine the spatial force effect acting on the side frame of the bogie from the wheelset, which makes it possible, without increasing the number of measuring channels in the equipment, to reduce the number of strain gauges for measuring the considered loads while running dynamic tests. In addition, it improves the accuracy of measurements of vertical loads, with the help of which the coefficient of dynamic addition of unsprung parts of the bogie is calculated.
Issues of the electromagnetic current transformers searching projecting
Authors: Safarov Abdurauf , Sattarov Khurshid , Bazarov Makhammatyokub , Mustafoqulov Almardon
Published: June 2021

The necessity of the primary transformers rapidly increases due to the fast development of the microprocessing automated control systems and operation of the railway transport power supply devices, transferring to the flexible automated output. These transformers, besides high metrology characteristics, have to be highly reliable, have a wide range of change, stability, little dimensions.
Analysis of the causes of traction electric failures of electric cargo cars operated on railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Nuriddinov Sardor , Avazov Bobomurod , Hasanov Fozil , Rakhmonova Yulduz
Published: June 2021

In this article, it is considered to analyze the reliability of TEM (traction electric machine) of electric locomotives of the railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan. To determine the damage, the most expedient and effective method will be to extend the life of the insulation by encapsulating local damage using impregnating materials and heat radiation. Over the past ten years, a stable tendency for insulation breakdown and turn-to-turn closure of the armature winding of the NB-514 type has been maintained in Unitary Enterprise (UE) “O'ztemiryo'lmashta'mir.” In this regard, a hypothesis was put forward that insulation breakdowns and turn-to-turn short-circuit of the armature winding most often occur due to intense heat and mass exchange processes in the insulation of the frontal parts of their windings with open section heads.
A block model development for intelligent control of the switches operating apparatus position in the electrical interlocking system
Authors: Boltayev Sunnat , Rakhmonov Bobomurod , Muhiddinov Obid , Saitov Aziz , Toshboyev Zohid
Published: June 2021

In this scientific article, we developed a model of block C that controls the position of the switches. A mathematical model of the block was calculated using a two-layer neural network along with the blocks of the block. An imitation model of the switch control block using the SoDeSys program is presented.

In the modeling process, it was studied that a multilayer neural network consists of one or more hidden layers of neurons-the entrance, exit, and the neurons located between them. And block C was determined that it was possible to model with the help of a 2-layer neural network and was expressed in the form of the following layers:

1-in the hidden layer: in the C block, the PK and MK relays are listed. This process indicated that the data coming from the PS or PST block would receive the PK and MK releases. At this layer, it is determined in which position the switches are located, and the data is transferred to the next layers.

2-in the hidden layer: the VZ relay in the C Block is indicated. Information coming from PK and MK relays shows the VZ relays acceptance process. In this layer, it is determined whether the switch is cut or not, and information is transferred to the next layers. In this layer, a certain position of the pushed conductor is determined
Intelligent railway transport radio communication based on neural networks
Authors: Kolesnikov Igor , Yaronova Natalya , Kurbanov Janibek , Khusnidinova Nozima
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the features of GSM-R as a basis for organizing a digital radio communication system on the railway to apply the European Integrated Radio Communication for the railways of Uzbekistan. The role of GSM-R for the interaction of digital radio communication with the European integrated system for expanding the functions of railway radio communication and safe movement of high-speed trains is shown.

The article identifies the possibilities of building modern digital communication of the railway. The GSM-R communication network, its services and architecture for organizing digital communication were also defined. Recommendations on the use of GSM-R on the railway of Uzbekistan are given. It has been established that mobile communications should be a heterogeneous (heterogeneous) architecture. Also, it must have a variety of access networks that could operate in any frequency ranges.
Method for substantiating the spheres of application of shunting locomotives at sorting stations
Authors: Aripov Nazirjon , Suyunbaev Shinpolat , Azizov Farrukh , Bashirova Alfiya
Published: June 2021

Shunting work on sorting wagons is carried out on steeper profiles and requires the operation of shunting diesel locomotives of a higher power. Many sorting operations use double traction of shunting locomotives in conditions of the highly outdated fleet of shunting diesel locomotives. However, the technology of operating two shunting locomotives requires substantiation of its scope of application. In this article, using the example of station “X”, the technology of disbanding trains from the sorting hump is investigated in two ways: the first is the existing technology (work on disbanding trains is carried out using two shunting locomotives of the TEM-2 series), shunting locomotive of TEM-7 series. It has been determined that in the existing technology, the required processing capacity of the hill approaches its maximum value. When using the TEM-7 diesel locomotive, the maximum processing capacity of the hill increases by 27%. The sphere of efficiency of the TEM-7 series locomotive instead of two TEM-2 was substantiated by the method of technical and economic calculations.
Commissioning of the freight wagons with increased axle loads is a guarantee of the further development of railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Rahimov Rustam , Sultonov Shokhrukh , Nigmatov Otabek , Baltaev Meirkhan , Ergasheva Vasila , Filimonova Liliya
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to select rational axle loads of the rolling stock and establish the conditions for their circulation on the railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this work, research has been carried out to assess the indicators of the stress-strain state of rail track elements from the action of the rolling stock with various axial loads. The dynamic loads from the rolling stock wheel on the rail, tensile stresses at the edges of the rail foot, in wooden sleepers (rubber under-rail pads on reinforced concrete) under the linings, in the ballast under the sleeper, as well as stresses at the main area of the roadbed, were determined. The obtained results of studies on the determination and assessment of the loading of the elements of the permanent way and sub-grade bed under the condition of not exceeding their standard values made it possible to establish the permissible speeds of movement of freight wagons with increased axle loads of 25 and 27 tf on the railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan, depending on the design of the track and the thickness of the ballast layer, which will increase the running and carrying capacity of the most loaded sections of the railway network, reduce operating costs, increase the volume of freight traffic by rail, which will create conditions for the further development of national rail transport in the implementation of export and transit potential.
Coulisse mechanism with rotating link for operating part drive unit of the mortar pump
Authors: Alimov Bakhtiyar , Sindarov Rakhmat , Egamshukurov Panzhi , Dzhumabayeva Fotima , Saidova Shoira
Published: June 2021

The synthesis of a connecting link mechanism with a rotating link with a planetary gear for driving the operating part of a piston pump during transportation of solution mixtures from the preparation site to the construction site is presented. The kinematic diagram of the axial and disaxial connecting link mechanism is given, which allow increasing the pump performance by increasing the length of the piston stroke S by 1.7 ... 3 times more than the serial pumps produced and reducing the load on the pump bearing support.
Engineering composite materials for the cotton processing industry
Authors: Abed Nodira , Eshkobilov Оlim , Gulyamov Giyas , Tuhtasheva Malokhat
Published: June 2021

Experimental studies have been carried out to study the effect of various fillers on the physicomechanical and tribotechnical properties of the compositions, and the optimal filler contents have been established, which ensure the best properties of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrol and polyamide structural composite materials. The principle of design of shock-resistant, antifriction and antifriction-wear-resistant polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrol and polyamide structural composite materials is proposed. Highly efficient structural composite materials for functional purposes have been developed on the basis of thermoplastic polymers and fillers of various structures and natures, which have sufficiently high strength and tribotechnical characteristics and have found application in the working bodies of cotton machines and mechanisms of the cotton processing industry operating under conditions of friction and wear.
Composite polypropylene polymer materials that work in contact with raw cotton
Authors: Eshkobilov Оlim , Gulyamov Giyas
Published: June 2021

Physicomechanical and tribotechnical properties of structural composite materials based on thermoplastic polymer and organomineral ingredients operating under friction and wear conditions during contact with pulp (raw cotton) have been investigated. The regularities of changes in the physical, mechanical and tribotechnical properties of structural composite materials during contact interaction with raw cotton were determined, the dependence of their properties on the type and content of graphite, mineral and fibrous fillers in structural composite materials was studied. It has been established that the nature and structure of fillers has a certain effect on the physical and mechanical properties of composite materials based on polypropylene. At the same time, fiber-filled compositions have the highest mechanical strength. It was also found that when mineral fillers are introduced into composite polymer materials, their coefficient of friction with raw cotton increases significantly, while the wear rate decreases, except for fillers with a plate structure (kaolin, talc), when used, a decrease in the coefficient of friction is observed. The introduction of carbon-graphite fillers into the composition of composite materials leads to a significant decrease in the coefficient of friction, temperature and static electricity charge in the friction zone with raw cotton. The introduction of fillers with a fibrous structure leads to a significant decrease in the rate of wear of the composites. It provides high strength and resistance of the material under thermomechanical action. Effective compositions of structural composite materials for work under conditions of contact interaction with fibrous mass have been developed, and their physical, mechanical and tribotechnical properties have been investigated.
Dossier « Politiques locales de l’énergie : un renouveau sous contraintes » – Ressource locale ou nationale ? L’essor détourné du bois-énergie en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, un cas pour la géographie des transitions
Authors: Tabourdeau Antoine
Published: June 2021

L’étude des transitions durables a produit depuis presque vingt ans un cadre d’analyse très dense mais critiqué pour sa faible prise en compte des phénomènes spatiaux. Cet article mobilise les apports de l’approche sur les proximités pour éclairer cette dimension spatiale. Après une proposition de typologie de la place des processus spatiaux dans la littérature francophone sur la transition énergétique, il croise les réflexions issues de la géographie des transitions avec l’approche de la proximité et les applique au cas des divergences qui ont émergé à la fin des années 2000 autour de projets industriels de cogénération biomasse lancés par la Commission de régulation de l’énergie. L’analyse des observatoires mis en place en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes à cette période montre l’échec de ces projets. Ces observatoires sont analysés comme un mouvement de rapprochement de la ressource ainsi que la mise en place de jeux de pouvoirs multiscalaires. Au final, des éléments sont proposés pour alimenter la réflexion sur la géographie des transitions.
Osteoprotektion als Baustein der Therapie des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms: Behandlungsrealität in Deutschland und Entscheidungspfade zur Therapieoptimierung
Authors: Hupe Marie Christine , Müller Marten , Struck Julian Peter , Wießmeyer Judith Riccarda , Ozimek Tomasz , Steuber Thomas , Gschwend Jürgen , Hammerer Peter , Kramer Mario W. , Merseburger Axel S.
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund Die Osteoprotektion bei Prostatakarzinompatienten spielt nicht nur in der ossär metastasierten kastrationsresistenten (mCRPC) Situation eine Rolle. Auch im ossär metastasiertem hormonsensitiven Stadium (mHSPC) und im Allgemeinen begleitend zur Androgendeprivationstherapie (ADT) wird eine Osteoprotektion empfohlen. Diese Studie soll die Anwendungsrealität der verschiedenen Arten der Osteoprotektion beim metastasierten Prostatakarzinom in Deutschland aufzeigen.

Material und Methoden Es wurde ein Online-Fragebogen bestehend aus 16 Fragen zur Erfassung der Behandlungsrealität in Deutschland entwickelt und an Mitglieder der Arbeitskreise Onkologie und urologische Onkologie (AKO/AUO) sowie an Kollegen der Klinik für Urologie des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein (Campus Lübeck), des Klinikums Braunschweig und der Technischen Universität München verschickt. Mithilfe der aktuellen Studienlage, Fachinformationen und Leitlinien wurden ferner Entscheidungspfade für das ossär metastasierte Prostatakarzinom und für den ADT-induzierten Knochenschwund entwickelt.

Ergebnisse Zusammenfassend ergab die Auswertung, dass die Osteoprotektion beim ossär mCRPC zur Routine gehört. Beim ossär mHSPC hingegen wird eine Osteoprotektion seltener indiziert und ist zur Reduktion eines ADT-induzierten Knochenschwundes noch weniger im Einsatz. Denosumab wird häufiger genutzt als Zoledronsäure. Die vorgestellten Entscheidungspfade illustrieren die verschiedenen Dosierungs- und Applikationsschemata in den verschiedenen Stadien des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms.

Schlussfolgerung Die Osteoprotektion beim Prostatakarzinom ist facettenreich und nicht nur auf das ossär mCRPC beschränkt. Osteoprotektive Maßnahmen sind ein wichtiger Baustein im ganzheitlichen Therapiekonzept des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms.
Perimenopause and Postmenopause – Diagnosis and Interventions. Guideline of the DGGG and OEGGG (S3-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015-062, September 2020)
Authors: Inwald Elisabeth C. , Albring Christian , Baum Erika , Beckermann Maria , Bühling Kai J. , Emons Günter , Gudermann Thomas , Hadji Peyman , Imthurn Bruno , Kiesel Ludwig , Klemperer David , Klose Petra , König Klaus , Krüger Stephanie , Langhorst Jost , Leitzmann Michael , Ludolph Albert , Lüftner Diana , Müller Dorothea , Neulen Joseph , Nothacker Monika , Prautzsch Horst , Regitz-Zagrosek Vera , Schaudig Kathrin , Schütz Florian , Schwenkhagen Anneliese , Strowitzki Thomas , Stute Petra , Taute Bettina-Maria , Tempfer Clemens , Arnim Christine v. , Wildt Ludwig , Windler Eberhard , Ortmann Olaf ,   Eckhard Petri †
Published: June 2021

Aim The aim of the interdisciplinary S3-guideline Perimenopause and Postmenopause – Diagnosis and Interventions is to provide help to physicians as they inform women about the physiological changes which occur at this stage of life and the treatment options. The guideline should serve as a basis for decisions taken during routine medical care. This short version lists the statements and recommendations given in the long version of the guideline together with the evidence levels, the level of recommendation, and the strength of consensus.

Methods The statements and recommendations are largely based on methodologically high-quality publications. The literature was evaluated by experts and mandate holders using evidence-based medicine (EbM) criteria. The search for evidence was carried out by the Essen Research Institute for Medical Management (EsFoMed). To some extent, this guideline also draws on an evaluation of the evidence used in the NICE guideline on Menopause and the S3-guidelines of the AWMF and has adapted parts of these guidelines.

Recommendations Recommendations are given for the following subjects: diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, urogynecology, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, dementia, depression, mood swings, hormone therapy and cancer risk, as well as primary ovarian insufficiency.
Bedarfssteuerung in der Akutpsychiatrie
Authors: Marstrander Nicolay , Erichsen Wenke
Published: June 2021

Die kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinik in Fürstenfeldbruck wurde 2016 mit einem Vollversorgungsauftrag für ein definiertes regionales Einzugsgebiet etabliert. Das Versorgungsgebiet umfasst die beiden Landkreise Fürstenfeldbruck und Dachau im Westen und Nordwesten von München und hat etwa 350000 Einwohner. Eine bedarfsgerechte Zuführung von psychiatrischer Unterstützung stellt gleichermaßen Patienten wie auch Kliniken und Zuweiser vor Herausforderungen. Eine wichtige Aufgabe war es daher, eine bedarfsgerechte Steuerung von psychologisch-psychiatrischer Unterstützung im Kontext der bestehenden regionalen Angebote zu entwickeln.

Um interne und externe Anforderungen in der Patientensteuerung zu begegnen, wurde eine Stabstelle Belegungsmanagement etabliert.

Neben praktisch-organisatorischen Implikationen, wird im Artikel über die Notwendigkeit von beziehungsrelatierten Strukturen und die Weiterentwicklung der internen und externen Schnittstellen berichtet. In der bevorstehenden Reform der Notfallversorgung bietet das einen guten Ansatz, wie die spezifische Versorgung psychiatrisch erkrankter Patienten zukünftig an den Fachkrankenhäusern organisiert werden kann.
Das Aufstehen trainieren – Die Backward-Chaining-Methode
Authors: Leonhard Rebekka , Groß Michaela
Published: June 2021

Mit der sogenannten Backward-Chaining-Methode lernen ältere und sturzgefährdete Personen, wie sie sicher vom Boden aufstehen können. Das aus der Physiotherapie stammende Training könnte auch in der Ergotherapie angewandt werden, um die Sicherheit der Patienten zu erhöhen und die Sturzangst zu reduzieren.
Beurteilung von im Internet verfügbaren deutschsprachigen Patienteninformationen zum Hörsturz
Authors: Spiegel Jennifer L. , Weiss Bernhard G. , Stoycheva Ivelina , Canis Martin , Ihler Friedrich
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund Durch die Digitalisierung hat sich das Internet zu einem wesentlichen Informationsmedium für Patienten entwickelt. Patienten mit Hörsturz haben aufgrund unsicherer wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse einen besonders großen Informationsbedarf. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden daher die Ergebnisse einer Internetsuche zum Thema Hörsturz untersucht.

Material und Methoden Die ersten 30 Treffer einer Google-Suche mit dem Begriff „Hörsturz“ wurden kategorisiert, eine Lesbarkeitsstatistik anhand verschiedener Formeln (Flesch-Reading-Ease-Score; 0=schwer, 100=leicht lesbar) berechnet und falsche Informationen dokumentiert. Eine strukturierte inhaltliche Bewertung erfolgte mit dem DISCERN-Fragebogen (1=niedrige, 5=hohe Qualität) getrennt durch 2 verblindete Untersucher. Die Einhaltung empfohlener Standards wurde anhand einer Health-On-The-Net-Zertifizierung erfasst.

Ergebnisse 18 Internetseiten (60,0%) waren Informationsportale, 7 (23,3%) von Medizinprodukteunternehmen (davon 3 Hörgerätehersteller), 2 (6,7%) von öffentlichen Einrichtungen und je 1 (3,3%) von einem Ärzteverband und einer Selbsthilfeorganisation sowie ein wissenschaftlicher Artikel. Im Mittel lag die Wortanzahl bei 1307,0±840,2 Wörtern, die letzte Aktualisierung war vor 17,1±32,5 Monaten und der Flesch-Reading-Ease-Score lag bei 36,1±13,9. Am schwierigsten lesbar war der wissenschaftliche Artikel (13,7). Insgesamt lag der DISCERN bei 2,2±0,7 mit schlechtester Bewertung von Medizinprodukteunternehmen (1,6±0,5). Zwei Internetseiten (6,7%) hatten ein Health-On-The-Net-Zertifikat, 14 (46,7%) zeigten falsche Informationen.

Schlussfolgerung Patienteninformationen im Internet sind aufgrund geringer Lesbarkeit, potenzieller Interessenkonflikte, niedriger Qualität oder falscher Informationen kritisch zu bewerten. Eine mögliche Konsequenz wäre eine Bereitstellung verlässlicher Gesundheitsinformationen im Internet durch medizinische Leistungserbringer und Fachgesellschaften.
Parodontitis: Lokale Entzündung mit systemischer Wirkung
Authors: Pappe Christina L. , Dommisch Henrik
Published: June 2021

Parodontitis zählt zu den 6 häufigsten chronischen nicht-ansteckenden Erkrankungen weltweit. Unbehandeltführt diese zu Zahnverlust. Für die Destruktion des Zahnhalteapparates ist ein komplexes Zusammenspiel zwischen dem dysbiotischen Plaque-Biofilm und der körpereigenen Immunantwort verantwortlich. Lokale Entzündungsreaktionen bleiben jedoch nicht auf die Mundhöhle beschränkt, sondern können auch systemische Auswirkungen zeigen. Moderate bis schwere Parodontitiden erhöhen das Risiko für Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen. Umgekehrt modulieren diese systemischen Erkrankungen die Pathogenese parodontaler Entzündungsreaktionen. Verhaltensfaktoren wie Rauchen oder Ernährungsgewohnheiten können modifizierend auf die lokalen und systemischen Entzündungsprozesse einwirken. Die aktuelle Forschung rückt Ernährungsinterventionen bzw. -restriktionen als potenzielle Bestandteile nicht-invasiver Intervention und/oder Präventionsstrategie zur Vermeidung parodontaler Entzündungen und Stoffwechselerkrankungen in den Fokus – ein vielversprechender Ansatz.
Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Selective C–H Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation Reactions of Aromatic Substrates
Authors: Zhao Yingsheng , Ju Guodong , Tu Guanglian
Published: June 2021

Fluorine is well-known as a very special element. Approximately 30% of agrochemicals and 20% of all drugs contain fluorine; most of those compounds have unique functions in biochemistry, pharmacy, and bioscience and those containing alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethyl functional groups often have irreplaceable roles. Therefore, the selective introduction of alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylated functional groups into various aromatic substrates has significant practical application. This review describes recent advances in selective alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of aromatic substrates by using different catalytic strategies (cyclometalated ruthenium complex, transient regulating and visible-light-induced strategies).

1 Introduction

2 para-C–H Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Aromatic Derivatives

2.1 Ruthenium Catalysis

2.2 Palladium Catalysis

2.3 Visible-Light Catalysis

2.4 Iron Catalysis

3 meta-C–H Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Aromatic Derivatives

3.1 Ruthenium Catalysis

3.2 Palladium Catalysis

4 The Influence of Transition Metals and Directing Groups on Site Selectivity of Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation

4.1 The Influence of Directing Groups on the Site Selectivity of Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation

4.2 The Influence of Transition Metals on the Site Selectivity of Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation

5 Conclusions
Fracturas avulsivas tibiales del ligamento cruzado posterior fijadas con tornillos: Un estudio clínico y radiológico
Authors: Schmidt-Hebbel Andrés , Reyes José Tomás , O'Connel Luis , Valderrama Juanjosé , Tuca María Jesús , Carredano Xavier , Espinoza Gonzalo
Published: June 2021

Objetivo Realizar la evaluación clínica, imagenológica y funcional de pacientes con fracturas avulsivas tibiales del ligamento cruzado posterior (FTALCPs) fijadas con tornillos canulados con técnica abierta.

Métodos Los pacientes con FTALCP operados entre 2010 y 2017 fueron revisados retrospectivamente. Criterios de inclusión: fracturas agudas, desplazadas, test de cajón posterior grado III, lesiones combinadas de rodilla, seguimiento > 12 meses. Se excluyeron pacientes > 65 años, con FTALCPs bilaterales, lesiones del ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP) intrasustancia, test de cajón posterior grados I-II, fracturas expuestas, lesiones neurovasculares, y seguimientos < 12 meses. Objetivo primario: medir la estabilidad clínica mediante test de cajón posterior y radiografía de estrés arrodillada comparativa. Objetivos secundarios: nvaluar la consolidación en radiografías, complicaciones y funcionalidad con las escalas de Lysholm y Tegner.

Resultados Se incluyeron 20 pacientes, con edad media de 41 años (rango: 32 a 61 años). El seguimiento promedio fue de 33,9 meses (rango: 12 a 82 meses). La estabilidad clínica mejoró en 93% (cajón posterior postoperatorio grados 0 y I) de los pacientes. La radiografía de estrés arrodillada mostró una diferencia promedio de 2,6 mm (rango: 0,1 mm a 6,8 mm) de traslación posterior al comparar con el lado sano. Todas las fracturas consolidaron. Siete pacientes presentaron complicaciones. El puntaje promedio de la escala de Lysholm al final del seguimiento fue de 85,17. El promedio preoperatorio del puntaje en la escala de Tegner no varió significativamente en comparación con el postoperatorio.

Conclusiones La fijación de fracturas avulsivas tibiales del LCP con tornillos canulados con técnica abierta es efectiva en restaurar la estabilidad posterior y lograr la consolidación ósea. La funcionalidad clínica a mediano plazo es buena, a pesar del alto número de complicaciones y lesiones concomitantes.

Nivel de evidencia tipo IV.
Phonemically Balanced Arabic Monosyllabic Word Lists for Speech Audiometry Testing in Jordan
Authors: Najem Fadi Jamil , Marie Basem
Published: June 2021

Abstract Background Many of the Arabic monosyllabic word lists that are currently available in the literature have some limitations and drawbacks. Some of these available lists include word structures that are not consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) such as cluster
and disyllabic word structures. Other lists have poor phonetic or phonemic distribution balance and do not represent some phoneme appropriately in each list. Purpose The purpose of the present study is to create and validate eight digitally recorded lists of phonemically balanced
CNC words that represent all Arabic phonemes, to be used in the evaluation of word recognition score (WRS) of Jordanian Arabic-speaking adults. These lists should be easily adapted by other Arab countries because of the simplicity of the words, and the balanced inclusion of all the Arabic
phonemes. Research Design The present study is a prospective cross-sectional study. Study Sample Thirty-one (23 females, 8 males) normal hearing and healthy young adults (18‐29 years old) participated in the present study. All participants were native
speakers of Jordanian Arabic and had no history of ear disease or surgery. Lists The authors created all possible combinations of Arabic CNC words, and then created eight phonemically balanced lists with 26 words in each list. Each consonant was presented only once at the beginning
of a word and once at the end of a word in each list. The lists were recorded using a Jordanian male voice and the intensity of each word was digitally calibrated. Data Collection and Analysis The pure tone average (PTA) of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz was calculated for each participant,
and the WRS was obtained for each intensity level in the range of ‐10 to 55 dB SL (ref. PTA) in 5 dB steps. Results No significant difference between right and left ear WRS was found at any intensity level. The WRSs from both ears were averaged and used
in the repeated measure analysis of variance. Performance-intensity functions for all the lists showed some small but statistically significant differences between lists. However, none of these differences were clinically significant (<4%). All the lists showed WRS exceeding 96% at 40 dB
SL, and none of the lists showed statistically significant improvement in WRS beyond 40 dB SL. Conclusion The present study provides eight lists of recorded and calibrated CNC word lists. The obtained PI functions showed that these lists are suitable for Jordanian Arabic
speaking adults. These lists can be easily generalized to other Arab countries after conducting the required follow-up research.
Neu–Laxova's Syndrome: A Case Report of a Fetus with Novel Mutation in PHGDH Gene and a Literature Review
Authors: Kapoor Ravi , Thakur Seema , Kapoor Aakar , Kapoor Sunita , Kalra Apurva , Kapoor Aakriti
Published: June 2021

Neu–Laxova's syndrome (NLS) is a rare group of congenital malformations comprising intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), central nervous system malformations, microcephaly, facial anomalies, ichthyosis, generalized edema, limb abnormalities, polyhydramnios, and perinatal death. We hereby report a fetus at 25 weeks' gestation with IUGR, facial and limb anomalies, and smooth brain detected on antenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of fetus and confirmed by autopsy. Next-generation sequencing analysis identified a novel homozygous missense mutation in PHGDH gene. Only 35 cases of NLS with genetic etiology have been reported. This is the first case report of mutation in PHGDH from India.
Lobar versus Sublobar Resection in the Elderly for Early Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ng Josiah , Masuda Yoshio , Ng Jun Jie , Leow Lowell , Choong Andrew M. T. L. , Mithiran Harish
Published: June 2021

Objectives We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes of lobectomy versus sublobar resection in elderly patients (≥65) with stage 1 nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Methods We searched for relevant articles using a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analytic techniques were applied.

Results Twelve studies (n = 5834) were chosen. Our results indicate that in the elderly, lobectomy for stage 1 NSCLC confers a survival advantage over sublobar resection. Lobectomy patients had a lower risk of death within 5 years and lower odds of local cancer recurrence. Our results show that lobectomy had a better 5-year cancer-specific survival and 5-year disease-free survival that trended toward significance. The sublobar resection group showed better 30-day operative mortality that trended toward significance. Subgroup analysis of stage 1A cancer demonstrated no difference in 5-year overall survival rates. However, for stage 1B tumors 5-year overall survival favored lobectomy.

Conclusion Lobectomy for stage 1 NSCLC in elderly patients is superior to sublobar resection in terms of survival and cancer recurrence and should be afforded where possible. For stage 1A tumors, sublobar resection is noninferior and may be considered. Further randomized controlled trials in this topic is required.
On the bonding nature of noble gas compounds MRg+ and MRgF (M=Co, Rh, Ir; Rg=Ar, Kr, Xe)
Authors: Xian Si-yuan , Tan Di-hao , Li An-yong
Published: June 2021

The structure and stability of the compounds MRg+ and MRgF (Rg=Ar, Kr, and Xe; M=Co, Rh, and Ir) were investigated using the B3LYP, MP2, MP4(SDQ) and CCSD(T) methods. We reported the geometry, vibrational frequencies and thermodynamics properties of these compounds. A series of theoretical methods on the basis of wavefunction analysis, including natural bond orbitals, atoms in molecules, electron localization function, and energy decomposition analysis, were performed to explore bonding nature of the M−Rg and Rg−F bonds. These bonds are mainly noncovalent, the metal weakly interacts with Rg in MRg+, but their interaction is much stronger in MRgF. The neutral molecule MRgF can be well described by the Lewis structure [MRg]+F−.
Electron momentum spectroscopy of valence orbitals of cyclopentene: Nuclear dynamics and distorted wave effect
Authors: Liu Zhao-hui , Wang En-liang , Tang Ya-guo , Niu Shan-shan , Shan Xu , Chen Xiang-jun
Published: June 2021

We report a measurement of electron momentum distributions of valence orbitals of cyclopentene employing symmetric noncoplanar (e,2e) kinematics at impact energies of 1200 and 1600 eV plus the binding energy. Experimental momentum profiles for individual ionization bands are obtained and compared with theoretical calculations considering nuclear dynamics by harmonic analytical quantum mechanical and thermal sampling molecular dynamics approaches. The results demonstrate that molecular vibrational motions including ring-puckering of this flexible cyclic molecule have obvious influences on the electron momentum profiles for the outer valence orbitals, especially in the low momentum region. For π∗-like molecular orbitals 3a′′, 2a′′, and 3a′, the impact-energy dependence of the experimental momentum profiles indicates a distorted wave effect.
Signatures for coexistence of monoclinic and hexagonal phases in GaTe nanoflakes
Authors: Yan Hong-yan , Qin Cheng-bing , Xiao Lian-tuan
Published: June 2021

The burgeoning two-dimensional (2D) layered materials provide a powerful strategy to realize efficient light-emitting devices. Among them, gallium telluride (GaTe) nanoflakes, showing strong photoluminescence (PL) emission from multilayer to bulk crystal, relax the stringent fabrication requirements of nanodevices. However, detailed knowledge on the optical properties of GaTe varies as layer thickness is still missing. Here we perform thickness-dependent PL and Raman spectra, as well as temperature-dependent PL spectra of GaTe nanoflakes. Spectral analysis reveals a spectroscopic signature for the coexistence of both the monoclinic and hexagonal phases in GaTe nanoflakes. To understand the experimental results, we propose a crystal structure where the hexagonal phase is on the top and bottom of nanoflakes while the monoclinic phase is in the middle of the nanoflakes. On the basis of temperature-dependent PL spectra, the optical gap of the hexagonal phase is determined to be 1.849 eV, which can only survive under temperature higher than 200 K with the increasing phonon population. Furthermore, the strength of exciton-phonon interaction of the hexagonal phase is estimated to be 1.24 meV/K. Our results prove the coexistence of dual crystalline phases in multilayer GaTe nanoflakes, which may provoke further exploration of phase transformation in GaTe materials, as well as new applications in 2D light-emitting diodes and heterostructure-based optoelectronics.
Insight of excited state dynamics in perylenediimide films with diisopropylphenyl- and undecane- substitution
Authors: Ma Qiu-shi , Ju Cheng-Wei , Pu Rui-hua , Zhang Wen-jie , Lin Xian , Chen Yi-han , Liu Wei-min
Published: June 2021

The aggregation of perylene diimide (PDI) and its derivatives strongly depends on the molecular structure and therefore has a great impact on the excited states. By regulating the molecular stacking such as monomer, dimer, J- and/or H-aggregate, the formation of different excited states is adjustable and controllable. In this study, we have synthesized two kinds of PDI derivatives: undecane-substituted PDI (PDI-1) and diisopropylphenyl-substituted PDI (PDI-2), and the films are fabricated with spin-coating method. By employing photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence, and transient absorption spectroscopy, the excited-state dynamics of two PDI amorphous films have been investigated systematically. The result reveals that both films form excimers after photoexcitation mainly due to the stronger electronic coupling among molecule aggregate in the amorphous film. It should be noted that the excited state dynamics in PDI-2 shows a singlet fission like process, which is evidenced by the appearance of triplet state absorption. This study provides the dynamics of excited state in amorphous PDI films, and paves the way for better understanding and adjusting the excited state of amorphous PDI films.
Investigations on vortex-induced vibration of a wind turbine airfoil at a high angle of attack via modal analysis
Authors: Hu Ping , Sun Chong , Zhu Xiaocheng , Du Zhaohui
Published: June 2021

Vortex-induced vibration of a forced oscillating wind turbine airfoil at 90° angle of attack is numerically investigated with the aid of the dynamic mode decomposition technique. This situation may be encountered during parking or idling operations where the yaw angle is engaged due to a failure of the control system. The airfoil might induce vortex-induced vibration, which accompanies with the “lock-in” phenomenon. In this phenomenon, the shedding frequency will “jump” into the structure natural frequency that could cause limit cycle oscillations. For a series of forced oscillation calculations with constant oscillation amplitude, the airfoil will become unstable before entering the locked-in region and regain stable state before leaving the locked-in region with a frequency ratio from 0.8 to 1.2. Additionally, in this range, a smooth phase shift between the vibration-induced aerodynamic force and the airfoil motion is found, which mainly influences the characteristics of energy exchange on the airfoil surface. Finally, dynamic mode decomposition is employed to identify different flow features in the flow field to illustrate vortex-induced vibration. Dominant pressure modes are obtained, and the mechanism of energy exchange on the airfoil surface is illustrated.