bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Pharmacist-Managed Heart Failure Postdischarge (Bridge) Clinic for Veterans
Authors: Hale Genevieve M. , Hassan Sonia L. , Hummel Scott L. , Lewis Carrie , Ratz David , Brenner Michael
Published: March 2017

Background: Hospitals that provide early postdischarge follow-up after heart failure (HF) hospitalization tend to have lower rates of readmission. However, HF postdischarge (bridge) clinics have not been extensively evaluated. Objective: To assess the impact of a pharmacist-managed HF bridge clinic in a veteran population. Methods: HF patients hospitalized from November 2010 to August 2013 were identified. Retrospective chart review was conducted of 122 HF patients seen at bridge clinic compared with 122 randomly selected HF patients not seen at this clinic (usual care). Primary end point was 90-day all-cause readmission and death. Secondary outcomes were 30-day all-cause readmission and death, time to first postdischarge follow-up, first all-cause readmission. Results: Bridge clinic patients were at higher baseline risk of readmission and death; other characteristics were similar. 90-day death and all-cause readmission trended lower in bridge clinic patients (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.40-1.02; P = 0.06). Time to first follow-up was shorter in bridge clinic patients (11 ± 6 vs 20 ± 23 days; P < 0.001); time to first all-cause readmission trended longer (40 ± 20 vs 33 ± 25days; P = 0.11). 30-day death and all-cause readmission was significantly lower in bridge clinic patients (adjusted HR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.22-0.88; P = 0.02). Conclusions: In veteran patients hospitalized for HF, pharmacist-managed HF bridge clinic significantly reduced the time to initial follow-up compared with usual care. Improved short-term outcomes and trend toward improvement of longer-term outcomes in bridge clinic patients was shown.
Real world treatment patterns in chronic myeloid leukemia patients newly initiated on tyrosine kinase inhibitors in an U.S. integrated healthcare system
Authors: Rashid Nazia , Koh Han A , Lin Kathy J , Stwalley Brian , Felber Eugene
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To evaluate treatment patterns in patients diagnosed with incident chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) newly initiating therapy with imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib. Patients were followed to determine switching and discontinuation rates. Factors associated with switching or discontinuation from index TKI therapy, reasons for discontinuation based on electronic chart notes, and frequency of laboratory monitoring were assessed during the follow-up period.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients aged ≥ 18 years who were identified from the Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) Cancer Registry database during the study time period of 1 January 2007 to 12 December 2013. The index date was defined as the date of the first TKI prescription (imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib) identified during the study time period with no prior history of TKI use within 12 months. Patients had to have continuous membership with drug benefit eligibility and no prior history of stem cell transplant (SCT) or other cancers during the 12 months prior to the index date. Baseline characteristics were identified during 12 months prior to the index date and outcomes were identified during the follow-up period after the index date. All patients were followed from index TKI therapy until end of study time period (12 December 2014), death, stem cell transplant, or disenrollment from the health plan unless one of the following occurred first: a patient switched their index therapy, or a patient discontinued their index therapy. Forward stepwise selection multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with patients who continued therapy compared to those who switched or discontinued therapy with the index TKI. Chart notes were reviewed 30 days prior and 30 days post index TKI discontinuation to evaluate reasons for discontinuation. Molecular and cytogenetic testing frequency was also assessed during the follow-up period among the different patient groups.

Results

Two hundred sixteen patients were identified with incident chronic myelogenous leukemia and use of TKI therapy: 189 (87.5%) received imatinib, 19 (8.8%) received dasatinib, and 8 (3.7%) received nilotinib. The mean age on index date was 53 years and 63% were male; 103 patients (48%) continued on their index therapy, while 62 patients (28%) switched, and 51 patients (24%) discontinued.
An analytical solution for bending, buckling and vibration responses of FGM sandwich plates
Authors: Meksi Rafik , Benyoucef Samir , Mahmoudi Abdelkader , Tounsi Abdelouahed , Adda Bedia El Abbas , Mahmoud SR
Published: March 2017

In this study, a new shear deformation plate theory is introduced to illustrate the bending, buckling and free vibration responses of functionally graded material sandwich plates. A new displacement field containing integrals is proposed which involves only four variables. Based on the suggested theory, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton’s principle. This theory involves only four unknown functions and accounts for quasi-parabolic distribution of transverse shear stress. In addition, the transverse shear stresses are vanished at the top and bottom surfaces of the sandwich plate. The Navier solution technique is adopted to derive analytical solutions for simply supported rectangular sandwich plates. The accuracy and effectiveness of proposed model are verified by comparison with previous research. A detailed numerical study is carried out to examine the influence of the critical buckling loads, deflections, stresses, natural frequencies and sandwich plate type on the bending, buckling and free vibration responses of functionally graded sandwich plates.
Social identity: The role of self in group processes and intergroup relations
Authors: Hogg Michael A. , Abrams Dominic , Brewer Marilynn B.
Published: March 2017

Applications and conceptual developments made in social identity research since the mid-1990s are summarized under eight general headings: types of self and identity, prototype-based differentiation, influence through leadership, social identity motivations, intergroup emotions, intergroup conflict and social harmony, collective behavior and social protest, and resolving social dilemmas. Cautious prognoses for future directions are then suggested—health, e-behavior, population relocation and immigration, culture, language and intergroup communication, societal extremism and populism, social development, and inclusive and diverse social identities.
Accommodating religious institutions: Freedom versus domination?
Authors: Shorten Andrew
Published: March 2017

What forms of accommodation ought to be extended to religious institutions? Should churches, firms, charities and schools with a religious ethos be permitted to discriminate in ways that would otherwise be illegal? Should they be allowed to opt-out of particular laws so as to enable them to preserve their distinctive characters? This article addresses these questions by defending three claims. First, legal exemptions for religious institutions can potentially be justified by combining two principles: freedom of association and freedom of religion. Second, such exemptions potentially leave members vulnerable to domination. Third, individual non-domination and institutional autonomy can be reconciled under a regime of joint governance.
Religion, hate speech and non-domination
Authors: Bonotti Matteo
Published: March 2017

In this paper, I argue that one way of explaining what is wrong with hate speech is by critically assessing what kind of freedom free speech involves and, relatedly, what kind of freedom hate speech undermines. More specifically, I argue that the main arguments for freedom of speech (e.g. from truth, autonomy and democracy) rely on a ‘positive’ conception of freedom intended as autonomy and self-mastery or as collective self-government, and can only partially help us to understand what is wrong with hate speech. In order to fully grasp the wrongness of hate speech and to justify hate speech legislation, I claim, we need to rely instead on the republican idea of freedom as ‘non-domination’. I conclude that the hate speech used by religious citizens, even though it is a manifestation of their religious freedom, should be subject to the same restrictions that apply to other citizens’ hate speech, because republicans should be concerned with the undominated (i.e. robustly secured) religious freedom of all religious citizens and, more generally, with the undominated freedoms of all citizens, including those who are victims of religious hate speech.
Dosimetric Comparison and Evaluation of 4 Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Techniques for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Seppälä Jan , Suilamo Sami , Tenhunen Mikko , Sailas Liisa , Virsunen Heli , Kaleva Erna , Keyriläinen Jani
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to compare dosimetric characteristics, monitor unit, and delivery efficiency of 4 different stereotactic body radiotherapy techniques for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Methods:

This study included 8 patients with localized prostate cancer. Dosimetric assets of 4 delivery techniques for stereotactic body radiotherapy were evaluated: robotic CyberKnife, noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and 2 intensity-modulated arc therapy techniques (RapidArc and Elekta volumetric-modulated arc therapy). All the plans had equal treatment margins and a prescription dose of 35 Gy in 5 fractions.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were observed in homogeneity index and mean doses of bladder wall and penile bulb, all of which were highest with CyberKnife. No significant differences were observed in the mean doses of rectum, with values of 15.2 ± 2.6, 13.3 ± 2.6, 13.1 ± 2.8, and 13.8 ± 1.6 Gy with CyberKnife, RapidArc, volumetric-modulated arc therapy, and noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiotherapy, respectively. The highest dose conformity was realized with RapidArc. The dose coverage of the planning target volume was lowest with noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Treatment times and number of monitor units were largest with CyberKnife (on average 34.0 ± 5.0 minutes and 8704 ± 1449 monitor units) and least with intensity-modulated arc therapy techniques (on average 5.1 ± 1.1 minutes and 2270 ± 497 monitor units).

Conclusion:

Compared to CyberKnife, the RapidArc, volumetric-modulated arc therapy, and noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiotherapy produced treatment plans with similar dosimetric quality, with RapidArc achieving the highest dose conformity. Overall, the dosimetric differences between the studied techniques were marginal, and thus, the choice of the technique should rather focus on the delivery accuracies and dose delivery times.
Modelling and simulation of synchronization and engagement for self-energizing synchronizer with multibody dynamics
Authors: Li Jinning , Feng Xingxing , Jiang Ming , Zhang Yunqing , Wan Li
Published: March 2017

A multibody dynamic model of the self-energizing synchronizer in a 14-speed manual transmission gearbox is presented. While the contact forces between the engaged splines/teeth and friction torques between the synchro rings are hardly observed by conventional experiments, detailed contact and friction models in consideration of lubrication are established to simulate these contact/friction forces during shifting. The space motion of the sleeve is considered; thus, the differences in the contact forces between the engaged teeth can be simulated and observed. A pneumatic model is established to model the varying shift force acting on the synchronizer. An experiment is conducted for the self-energizing synchronizer to validate the presented synchronizer model. Moreover, to demonstrate the self-energizing function of the synchronizer, a synchronizer without self-energizing mechanism is modelled and compared with the original one.
Study on the design method of equal strength rim based on stress and fatigue analysis using finite element method
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Shunping , Chen Huiqin , Saylor David M , Tong Shuiguang
Published: March 2017

Wheels are important safety components in the vehicle driving system. Automobile lightweight is the direction of the modern automobile development. In this article, steel wheel lightweight was studied. The equal strength design of rim was used to reduce the weight of the wheel. Stress analysis of the wheel was studied using UG/Nastran. A professional software WheelStrength was used to predict the radial and cornering fatigue lives of the wheel. Sheet stamping process was set up to analyze the interference fit between the disk and the rim. The assembly was simulated by axisymmetric finite element method. After calculation and analysis, the stress distributions and fatigue lives for rim under different load cases have been found. The thicknesses of wheel rim bead and the interface between rim and disk cannot be reduced. Stress and fatigue simulation results were compared using different thicknesses of the optimized region. It was found that the best thickness of the optimized region was 1.5 mm. Spinning was used to form the flared preform. The thickness of the rim after spinning and rolling forming agreed well with the simulation. The results of fatigue tests indicated that the lightweight wheel met the design requirement. The weight of the rim was reduced by about 14%.
Comparison of optimal homotopy analysis method and fractional homotopy analysis transform method for the dynamical analysis of fractional order optical solitons
Authors: Arshad Sarmad , Siddiqui Abdul M , Sohail Ayesha , Maqbool Khadija , Li ZhiWu
Published: March 2017

In this article, dynamical analysis of fractional order Schrödinger equation governing the optical wave propagation is reported in detail. The validity criteria for the application of the semi-analytic asymptotic methods are exploited. Comparison between the solutions obtained by the two asymptotic techniques, that is, the fractional homotopy analysis transform method and the optimal homotopy analysis method is performed to select the most accurate technique for the stated problem.
Real-time neural identification and inverse optimal control for a tracked robot
Authors: Rios Jorge D , Alanis Alma Y , Lopez-Franco Michel , Lopez-Franco Carlos , Arana-Daniel Nancy
Published: March 2017

This work presents the implementation in real-time of a neural identifier based on a recurrent high-order neural network which is trained with an extended Kalman filter–based training algorithm and an inverse optimal control applied to a tracked robot. The recurrent high-order neural network identifier is developed without the knowledge of the plant model or its parameters; on the other hand, the inverse optimal control is designed for tracking velocity references. This article includes simulation and real-time results, both using MATLAB®, and also the experimental tests use a modified HD2® Treaded ATR Tank Robot Platform with wireless communication.
Solid particle erosion-wear behaviour of Cr3C2–NiCr coating on Ni-based superalloy
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Dong Xiaohui , Chen Shuguang
Published: March 2017

There are very few attempts to explore the erosion-wear behaviour of the Cr3C2–NiCr coating deposited on the nickel-based superalloy employed to resist the solid particle erosion damages for flue gas turbine blade. This work focuses on the erosion mechanism of Cr3C2–NiCr coating under service conditions. A 75 wt% Cr3C2–25 wt% NiCr composite coating was prepared on Ni-based superalloy substrate material using high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying technique. The coating surface has been characterized. The erosion behaviour and the effects of air pressure, impingement angle, erosion temperature and particle size on the erosion resistance of coating were studied. The results indicate that the volume erosion rate of the specimen increases gradually with the increase in air pressure. The volume wear rates of coating material increase with the decrease in coating thickness. Coating shows better erosion resistance at 90° impact angle as compared to 30° impact angle. The maximum volume erosion rate occurs at impact angle of 60°. So, the combined mode of erosion mechanism (i.e. ductile and brittle) is observed in the Cr3C2–NiCr coating on nickel-based superalloy. The erosion-wear resistance of the materials can be improved at high temperatures. With the increase in the particle size, the volume erosion rates of the coating material increase. Erosion particle size and shape are the key factors that influence the erosion-wear behaviour.
Chebyshev wavelet method to nonlinear fractional Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef , Khan Hassan , Arif Muhammad , Rafiq Muhammad
Published: March 2017

This research work addresses the numerical solutions of nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations with mixed boundary conditions, using Chebyshev wavelet method. The basic idea of this work started from the Caputo definition of fractional differential operator. The fractional derivatives are replaced by Caputo operator, and the solution is approximated by wavelet family of functions. The numerical scheme by Chebyshev wavelet method is constructed through a very simple and straightforward way. The numerical results of the current method are compared with the exact solutions of the problems, which show that the proposed method has a strong agreement with the exact solutions of the problems. The numerical solutions of the present method are also compared with steepest decent method and Adomian decomposition method. The comparison with other methods reveals that this method has the highest degree of accuracy than those methods.
Modeling the fractal development of modular robots
Authors: Bie Dongyang , Liu Gangfeng , Zhang Yu , Zhao Jie , Zhu Yanhe
Published: March 2017

Modeling and controlling self-reconfiguration of modular robots is still a challenging problem in the field of distributed control. The two main constrains are the design of target shapes and the absence of global state for decentralized modules. We present a new way for those two problems inspired from the developmental process of plant growth. As a mathematical theory of plant development, L-systems capture the essence of growth process. We extend L-systems to the self-reconfiguration process of modules robots. Target configurations will be described in a string of symbols, and robotic structures capture fractal characters through the rewriting function. Extended graphical interpretation of L-system symbols can generate module-level predictions about robotic global states. Simulations of different self-reconfiguration processes illustrate the proposed method.
Pulmonary extra‐medullary hematopoiesis and pulmonary hypertension from underlying polycythemia vera: a case series
Authors: Singh Inderjit , Mikita Geoffrey , Green Daniel , Risquez Cristobal , Sanders Abraham
Published: March 2017

Myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN)‐associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) is included in group five of the most recent clinical classification of PH.1 The MPNs are a heterogeneous group of disorders that includes disorders with primary expression of a myeloid phenotype and disorders characterized by expression of the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation, p.V617F. The latter includes essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, and idiopathic myelofibrosis.2 Pulmonary extra‐medullary hematopoiesis (EMH) refers to the presence of hematopoietic precursor cells in the lung. It is a rare complication associated with myelofibrosis. Here we present a case series highlighting the clinical–pathological–radiological features of pulmonary EMH and PH from underlying polycythemia vera.
The Positivity Offset Theory of Anhedonia in Schizophrenia
Authors: Strauss Gregory P. , Visser Katherine H. , Lee Bern G. , Gold James M.
Published: March 2017

Prior studies have concluded that schizophrenia patients are not anhedonic because they do not report reduced experience of positive emotion to pleasant stimuli. The current study challenged this view by applying quantitative methods validated in the evaluative space model of emotional experience to test the hypothesis that schizophrenia patients evidence a reduction in the normative “positivity offset” (i.e., the tendency to experience higher levels of positive than negative emotional output when stimulus input is absent or weak). Participants included 76 schizophrenia patients and 60 healthy controls who completed an emotional experience task that required reporting the level of positive emotion, negative emotion, and arousal to photographs. Results indicated that although schizophrenia patients evidenced intact capacity to experience positive emotion at high levels of stimulus input, they displayed a diminished positivity offset. Reductions in the positivity offset may underlie volitional disturbance, limiting approach behaviors toward novel stimuli in neutral environments.
User Feedback: Alumni on Workplace Presenting and Improving Courses
Authors: Marcel Mary
Published: March 2017

Alumni are an underutilized resource for input on the oral presentation skills employees need at work and what should be taught in oral-presentation-focused business communication courses. Yet they are in a unique position to assess the utility of what they learned and recommend coursework changes. In survey responses, 1,610 business alumni who make oral presentations two or three times per month on average recommended more instruction on how to present business data visually, more impromptu presentations, more help dealing with difficult audiences and with nervousness, and three to five presentations assigned in oral presentation courses for business students.
Understanding the role of regional influence and innovation in EU policymaking: Bavaria and Cars and CO2
Authors: Anderton Karen
Published: March 2017

This article investigates the development and implementation of the EU Cars and CO2 Regulation. It explores the role that Bavaria – as an economically- and politically-powerful German state, with distinct administrative characteristics and a commanding auto-industry – has had in driving both innovation in the region and influencing the policy processes at a supra-national level. Utilising notions from institutional interplay, social-political and cross-disciplinary governance, it demonstrates the complexities in multi-level, multi-actor governance by exploring the interactions between diverse stakeholders and the tensions between multi-level policy mixes. Decarbonisation is a pressing problem to which there are high expectations to find solutions, but certain institutional challenges are hindering progress toward achieving this aim. Fostering innovation is a priority for the Bavarian government, ensuring that the auto-industry continues to deliver economic prosperity and a competitive edge in technological development. This article explores how Bavaria navigated the need to preserve economic development and to reduce emissions from the car industry through influencing the Cars and CO2 negotiations at the European level.
Lucchesiite, CaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup
Authors: Bosi Ferdinando , Skogby Henrik , Ciriotti Marco E. , Gadas Petr , Novák Milan , Cempírek Jan , Všianský Dalibor , Filip Jan
Published: March 2017

Lucchesiite, CaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, is a new mineral of the tourmaline supergroup. It occurs in the Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka (6°35'N, 80°35'E), most probably from pegmatites and in Mirošov near Strážek, western Moravia, Czech Republic, (49°27'49.38"N, 16°9'54.34"E) in anatectic pegmatite contaminated by host calc-silicate rock. Crystals are black with a vitreous lustre, conchoidal fracture and grey streak. Lucchesiite has a Mohs hardnessof ∼7 and a calculated density of 3.209 g/cm3(Sri Lanka) to 3.243 g/cm3(Czech Republic). In plane-polarized light, lucchesiite is pleochroic (O = very dark brown and E = light brown) and uniaxial (–). Lucchesiite is rhombohedral, space groupR3m,a≈ 16.00 Å,c≈ 7.21 Å,V≈ 1599.9 Å3,Z= 3. The crystal structure of lucchesiite was refined toR1 ≈ 1.5% using ∼2000 unique reflections collected with MoKα X-ray intensity data. Crystal-chemical analysis for the Sri Lanka (holotype) and Czech Republic (cotype) samples resulted in the empirical formulae, respectively:X(Ca0.69Na0.30K0.02)∑1.01Y(Fe1.442+Mg0.72Al0.48Ti0.334+V0.023+Mn0.013+Zn0.01)∑3.00Z(Al4.74Mg1.01Fe0.253+)∑6.00[T(Si5.85Al0.15)∑6.00O18](BO3)3V(OH)3W[O0.69F0.24(OH)0.07]∑1.00andX(Ca0.49Na0.45□0.05K0.01)∑1.00Y(Fe1.142+Fe0.953+Mg0.42Al0.37Mn0.03Ti0.084+Zn0.01)∑3.00Z(Al5.11Fe0.383+Mg0.52)∑6.00[T(Si5.88Al0.12)∑6.00O18](BO3)3V[(OH)2.66O0.34]∑3.00W(O0.94F0.06)∑1.00.

Lucchesiite is an oxy-species belonging to the calcic group of the tourmaline supergroup. The closest end-member composition of a valid tourmaline species is that of feruvite, to which lucchesiite is ideally related by the heterovalent coupled substitutionZAl3++O1O2–↔ZMg2++O1(OH)1–. The new mineral was approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA 2015-043).
Odigitriaite, CsNa5Ca5[Si14B2O38]F2, a new caesium borosilicate mineral from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tajikistan: Description and crystal structure
Authors: Agakhanov Atali A. , Pautov Leonid A. , Sokolova Elena , Hawthorne Frank C. , Yu Karpenko Vladimir , Siidra Oleg I. , Muftakhov Vyacheslav A.
Published: March 2017

Odigitriaite, a new Cs, Na, Ca borosilicate mineral, was discovered in moraine adjacent to the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif in the upper reaches of the Darai-Pioz river at the intersection of the Turkestansky, Zeravshansky and Alaisky mountain ridges, Tajikistan. It occurs as irregular thin flakes associated with quartz, pectolite, baratovite, fluorite, pekovite, polylithionite, aegirine, leucosphenite, pyrochlore, neptunite, reedmergnerite, mendeleevite-(Ce), zeravshanite and sokolovaite. It is colourless with a white streak, is translucent and has a vitreous lustre; it does not fluoresce under ultraviolet light. Odigitriaite is brittle with an uneven fracture and a Mohs hardness of 5. The calculated density is 2.80(2) g/cm3. The indices of refraction are α = 1.502, β = 1.564, γ = 1.576; 2Vobs = 46(2)°, dispersion is weak r > v, and there is no pleochroism. The chemical composition is as follows (electron microprobe, H2O calculated from structure): SiO2 55.30, Al2O3 0.09, Y2O3 0.44, MnO 0.94, FeO 0.10, PbO 0.21, K2O 0.01 Cs2O 8.36, B2O3 4.75, H2O 0.37, F 1.74, O = F2 –0.74, total 99.43 wt.%. The empirical formula of odigitriaite is Cs0.90Na5.12Ca4.68Mn0.20Y0.06Fe0.02Pb0.01[Si13.92Al0.03B2.06O38]F1.39(OH)0.62. The end-member formula is CsNa5Ca5[Si14B2O38]F2. The strong reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are: [(d, Å), (I, %), (hkl)]: 5.45 (25) (1 1 3), 4.66 (33) (3 1 1), 4.40 (26) (0 2 2), 4.10 (36) (3 1 3), 3.95 (25) (3̄ 1 3), 2.85 (31) (2 2 2), 2.68 (40) (0 0 6), 3.62 (45) (0 2 4), 3.35 (100) (2̄ 2 4), 3.31 (30) (3̄ 1 5), 3.25 (35) (4 0 4), 3.04 (60) (4̄ 2 2), 2.925 (22) (4̄ 2 3), 1.813 (23) (9 1 0). Odigitriaite is monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 16.652(5), b = 9.598 (3), c = 22.120(7) Å, β= 92.875(14)°, V = 3530.9(1.9) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure of odigitriaite was solved by direct methods and refined to an R1 value of 2.75% based on single-crystal X-ray data. It is a double-layer sheet-borosilicate mineral; Cs and Na are intercalated within the double-layer sheet, and the double layers are linked by interstitial Ca and Na atoms.
Dyrnaesite-(La) a new hyperagpaitic mineral from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland
Authors: Rønsbo Jørn G. , Balić-Žunić Tonči , Petersen Ole V.
Published: March 2017

The new mineral, dyrnaesite-(La), is found in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. The holotype material originates from an arfvedsonite lujavrite sheet as an accessory mineral. Dyrnaesite-(La) is pale yellowish green, with no cleavage and an irregular fracture. Density is 3.68(2)/3.682 g/cm3(measured/ calculated). It is biaxial, negative, 2Vα = 47(1)/48 (measured/calculated); α = 1.6226(5), β = 1.6852(10), γ = 1.6982(2);X=c,Y=a,Z=b. The average values of microprobe analyses are (wt.%) P2O537.17, SiO20.15, CaO 0.90, Na2O 20.06, La2O316.44, CeO220.23, Pr2O31.40, Nd2O33.47, Sm2O30.24, Dy2O30.06, Y2O30.06.

The crystal structure was solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Dyrnaesite-(La) is orthorhombic,Pnma;a= 18.4662(7) Å,b= 16.0106(5) Å,c= 7.0274(2) Å,V= 2077.7(2) Å3,Z= 4. The structural formula calculated from the diffraction data and microprobe analysis is Na7.89(Ce0.94Ca0.06)∑1.00(Ca0.12La1.14Ce0.40Pr0.10Nd0.24)∑2.00(PO4)6, the simplified formula is Na8Ce4+REE2(PO4)6. The crystal structure is related closely to that of vitusite-(Ce), but is distinct from it in several aspects. The five strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are (d Å, (I %), (hkl)); 6.57 (100) (101), 4.62 (40) (301, 230, 400), 3.50 (40) (331), 2.80 (86) (232, 402), 2.67 (54) (060,630).
Joanneumite, Cu(C3N3O3H2)2(NH3)2, a new mineral from Pabellón de Pica, Chile and the crystal structure of its synthetic analogue
Authors: Bojar Hans-Peter , Walter Franz , Baumgartner Judith
Published: March 2017

The new mineral joanneumite was found at Pabellón de Pica Mountain, Iquique Province, Tarapacá Region, Chile, where it occurs as violet microcrystalline aggregates up to 2 mm in size in small cracks in a gabbroic rock, which is covered by a guano deposit. Associated minerals are salammoniac, dittmarite, möhnite and gypsum. Joanneumite is non-fluorescent and the Mohs hardness is 1. The calculated density is 2.020 g cm–3. The infrared spectrum of joanneumite shows the frequencies of NH3and isocyanurate groups and the absence of absorptions of H2O molecules and OH–ions. The chemical composition (electron microprobe data, the hydrogen was calculated from the structural formula, wt.%) is C 20.33, N 31.11, O 28.34, Cu 17.27, Zn 0.24, H 2.82, total 100.11. The empirical formula is Cu0.96Zn0.01N7.84C5.98O6.25H9.96and the idealized formula is CuN8C6O6H10with the structural formula Cu(C3N3O3H2)2(NH3)2. Due to the lack of suitable single crystals the synthetic analogue of joanneumite was prepared for the single-crystal structure refinement. The crystal structure was solved and refined toR= 0.025 based upon 1166 unique reflections withI> 2σ (I). Joanneumite is triclinic, space groupP1̄,a= 4.982(1),b= 6.896(1),c= 9.115(2) Å, α = 90.53(3), β = 97.85(3), γ = 110.08(3)°,V= 290.8(1) Å3,Z= 1 obtained from single-crystal data at 100 K, which are in good agreement with cell parameters from powder diffraction data of joanneumite at 293 K:a= 5.042(1),b= 6.997(1),c= 9.099(2) Å, α = 90.05(3), β = 98.11(2), γ = 110.95(3)° andV= 296.3(1) Å3. The eight strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d, Å (I,%) (hkl)] 6.52 (68) (010), 5.15 (47) (011), 4.66 (21) (100, 110), 4.35 (9) (1̄11), 3.29 (6) (1̄20), 3.22 (7) (1̄1̄1), 3.140 (100) (1̄21), 2.074 (7) (1̄32). The crystal structure of joanneumite is identical with the structure of synthetic bis(isocyanurato) diamminecopper(II).
A multimethodic approach for the characterization of manganiceladonite, a new member of the celadonite family from Cerchiara mine, Eastern Liguria, Italy
Authors: Lepore G. O. , Bindi L. , Di Benedetto F. , Mugnaioli E. , Viti C. , Zanetti A. , Ciriotti M. E. , Bonazzi P.
Published: March 2017

In the manganesiferous ores associated with the metacherts of the ophiolitic sequences at the Cerchiara mine, Eastern Liguria (Italy), a new Mn-bearing mineral belonging to the mica group has been recently found and characterized. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction tomography studies confirm that the mineral belongs to the mica group. Unit-cell parameters from the powder diffraction pattern are:a= 5.149(1),b= 8.915(1),c= 10.304(1) Å, β = 102.03(1)°, space groupC2 orC2/m. On the basis of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic results, the Mn4+content represents a very subordinate fraction of the total Mn, the remaining occurring as Mn3+. The Raman spectrum clearly indicates the presence of OH groups in the structure. Laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry measurements assess the presence of considerable amounts of Li.

Assuming all Mn as Mn3+and 22 negative charges, the empirical formula can be expressed as: (K0.83□0.17)(Mn1.143+Mg0.80Li0.20Fe0.023+)(Si3.89Al0.10)O10[(OH)1.92F0.08] with the sum of the octahedral cations indicating a 'transitional' character between a di- and a tri-octahedral structure. This formula corresponds ideally to the Mn3+analogue of celadonite, thus expanding the range of solid solution in the celadonite family. The ideal end-member formula KMn3+MgSi4O10(OH)2can be easily related to celadonite by the homovalent substitutionVIMn3+→VIFe3+. The mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association, (IMA 2015-052).
Lobanovite, K2Na(Fe42+Mg2Na)Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4, a new mineral of the astrophyllite supergroup and its relation to magnesioastrophyllite
Authors: Sokolova Elena , Cámara Fernando , Hawthorne Frank C. , Semenov Evgeny I. , Ciriotti Marco E.
Published: March 2017

Lobanovite, K2Na(Fe42+Mg2Na)Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4, is a new mineral of the astrophyllite supergroup from Mt. Yukspor, the Khibiny alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula Russia. It has been known previously under the following names: monoclinic astrophyllite, magnesium astrophyllite, magnesiumastrophyllite and magnesioastrophyllite but has never been formally proposed and approved as a valid mineral species by the Commission on new Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association. It has now been revalidated and named lobanovite after Dr. Konstantin V. Lobanov, a prominent Russian ore geologist who worked in the Kola Peninsula for more than forty years (Nomenclature voting proposal 15-B). Lobanovite has been described from pegmatitic cavities on Mt. Yukspor where it occurs as elongated bladed crystals, up to 0.04 mm wide and 0.2 mm long, with a straw yellow to orange colour. Associated minerals are shcherbakovite, lamprophyllite, delindeite, wadeite, umbite and kostylevite. Lobanovite is biaxial (–) with refractive indices (λ = 589 nm) α = 1.658, βcalc. = 1.687, γ = 1.710; 2Vmeas. = 81.5– 83°. Lobanovite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 5.3327(2), b = 23.1535(9), c = 10.3775(4) Å, β = 99.615(1)°, V = 1263.3 (1) Å 3, Z = 2. The six strongest reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction data [d (Å), I, (hkl)] are: 3.38, 100, (003); 2.548, 90, (063); 10.1, 80, (001); 3.80, 60, (042,131); 3.079, 50, (132,062); 2.763, 90, (1̄71). The chemical composition of lobanovite was determined by electron-microprobe analysis and the empirical formula (K1.97Ba0.01)∑1.98(Na0.65Ca0.14)∑0.79 (Fe3.182+Mg2.02Na1.00Mn0.72)∑6.92(Ti1.99Nb0.06)∑2.05[(Si8.01Al0.06)∑8.07O24]O2(OH)4.03F0.19 was calculated on the basis of 30.2 (O + OH + F) anions, with H2O calculated from structure refinement, Dcalc. = 3.161 g cm–3. In the structure of lobanovite, the main structural unit is the HOH block, which consists of one close-packed O (Octahedral) and two H (Heteropolyhedral) sheets. The M(1–4) octahedra form the O sheet and the T4O12 astrophyllite ribbons and [5]-coordinated Ti-dominant D polyhedra link through common vertices to form the H sheet. The HOH blocks repeat along [001], and K and Na atoms occur at the interstitial A and B sites. The simplified and end-member formulae of lobanovite are K2Na [(Fe2+,Mn)4Mg2Na]Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4 and K2Na(Fe42+Mg2Na)Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4, respectively.
Slow Fire: Serial Thinking and Hardy's Genres of Induction
Authors: Williams Daniel
Published: March 2017

This essay considers the use of “serial thinking”—an approach to representation and cognition that emphasizes repetition, enumeration, and aggregation—in the work of Thomas Hardy. Examining his first novel, Desperate Remedies (1871), it connects Hardy's approaches to serial thinking with the discourse of Victorian logic (especially the work of John Venn) and links this early sensation novel to Hardy's later output. Serial representation operates in two modes in Hardy: one material, tactile, and affective (figuring long-run processes of wear, attrition, and change); the other discrete, rational, and numerical (depicting patterns of counting and aggregation). Serial thinking also speaks to the problematic generic identity of Desperate Remedies in Hardy's oeuvre and to broader difficulties of genre designation through its historical and formal relation to problems in inductive logic. The novel enacts in its figures for class thinking a generic identity that is by turns stable and dynamic. Hardy's intuitions about serial and class thinking, which draw on nineteenth-century logic's decision problems and its discourse of “sets” and “classes” and their “members,” can be thus linked to questions of genre writ large. The essay concludes by connecting nineteenth-century images for the bounding and blurring of classes to similar figures in recent studies of genre. Considering the deeper historical relationship between generic thinking and the areas of logic that undergird later approaches to genre—both theoretical accounts and empirical studies, often using digital tools—can show how generic dynamism demands methods of reading that collaborate along different explanatory axes.
“I Know the Man”: Evidence, Belief, and Character in Victorian Fiction
Authors: Baker Geoffrey
Published: March 2017

Focusing in particular on Wilkie Collins's The Law and the Lady (1875) and Anthony Trollope's Phineas Redux (1873), this essay examines the manner in which Victorian novels grapple with various forms of evidence, ranging from the forensic and detective knowledge of the police to a knowledge of another person's character that is often termed “belief.” The author elaborates the complex role belief plays in British empiricist texts by John Locke and David Hume and in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century treatises on evidences directly influenced by empiricist philosophy, where one could distinguish what one might call a “belief-in-evidence” from a “belief-against-the-evidence.” This essay then demonstrates how episodes of character witness in Victorian legal fictions become venues for addressing the value of belief in others and its complex participation in the attempt to discover truths. Belief, in these novels, is frequently more correct than the evidence marshaled by the police. That this is so often the case suggests an idealistic desire to imagine continuities and forms of knowledge more complete than those accommodated by the epistemology of detection.
The Enormity Effect: Realist Fiction, Literary Studies, and the Refusal to Count
Authors: Levine Caroline
Published: March 2017

This essay contends that the most canonical realist novelists refused both close and distant reading. The realist novel seems to go out of its way to avoid statistics, but at the same time it insists that we must move beyond attending to a few exceptional examples. The problem with too few cases is that we will miss the suffering that happens on a vast scale. But the problem with numbers is that they actually condense and compress affective experience. Thus the realist novel demands that we recognize the impossibility of knowing large numbers in any adequate way while still taking up the ethical and sometimes the political responsibility to try to cognize experience at a massive scale. The solution the realist novel develops is a discursive strategy that this essay calls the “enormity effect.”
Response
Authors: Mitchell Robert
Published: March 2017

Noting a key development that decisively distances the Victorian “crisis of information” from our own, namely, the emergence of a technical concept of information between the 1920s and the 1940s, Mitchell focuses on the efforts of this special issue's contributors to capture the uncanny nature of the relationship between data and information in the Victorian period and in our own informatic age. Mitchell underscores and seeks to expand on two strategies employed by contributors: on the one hand, the exploration of what Mitchell calls “unsecured” terms (that is, terms used in both the Victorian era and our own information age but which occupy either liminal or contested roles in both periods) and, on the other hand, the creation of metaconcepts that illuminate an aesthetic practice common to both periods. Mitchell illuminates the first strategy by focusing on the discussion of “belief” in several of the contributions to this special issue and suggests that this work might be expanded by connecting the contributors' accounts of belief and narrative in the Victorian era to the long, complex history of Bayesian approaches to probability. Mitchell illuminates the second strategy by expanding on Caroline Levine's metaconcept and brief history of “the enormity effect,” drawing especially on Paolo Virno's discussion of the fate of the structuring principles of sublimity in our own contemporary moment of precarious labor and multitude.
A rapid and effective method for screening, sequencing and reporter verification of engineered frameshift mutations in zebrafish
Authors: Prykhozhij Sergey V. , Steele Shelby L. , Razaghi Babak , Berman Jason N.
Published: March 2017

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 adaptive immunity against pathogens in bacteria has been adapted for genome editing and applied in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to generate frameshift mutations in protein-coding genes. Although there are methods to detect, quantify and sequence CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations, identifying mutations in F1 heterozygous fish remains challenging. Additionally, sequencing a mutation and assuming that it causes a frameshift does not prove causality because of possible alternative translation start sites and potential effects of mutations on splicing. This problem is compounded by the relatively few antibodies generated to zebrafish proteins, limiting validation at the protein level. To address these issues, we developed a detailed protocol to screen F1 mutation carriers, and clone and sequence identified mutations. In order to verify that mutations actually cause frameshifts, we created a fluorescent reporter system that can detect frameshift efficiency based on the cloning of wild-type and mutant cDNA fragments and their expression levels. As proof-of-principle, we applied this strategy to three CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations in pycr1a, chd7 and hace1 genes. An insertion of 7 nucleotides in pycr1a, resulted in the first reported observation of exon skipping by CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations in zebrafish. However, of these 3 mutant genes, the fluorescent reporter revealed effective frameshifting exclusively in the case of a 2-nucleotide deletion in chd7, suggesting activity of alternative translation sites in the other two mutants even though pycr1a exon-skipping deletion is likely deleterious. This article provides a protocol for characterizing frameshift mutations in zebrafish, and highlights the importance of checking mutations at the mRNA level and verifying their effects on translation by fluorescent reporters when antibody detection of protein loss is not possible.
The Economic Consequences of Social-Network Structure
Authors: Jackson Matthew O. , Rogers Brian W. , Zenou Yves
Published: March 2017

We survey the literature on the economic consequences of the structure of social networks. We develop a taxonomy of “macro” and “micro” characteristics of social-interaction networks and discuss both the theoretical and empirical findings concerning the role of those characteristics in determining learning, diffusion, decisions, and resulting behaviors. We also discuss the challenges of accounting for the endogeneity of networks in assessing the relationship between the patterns of interactions and behaviors. (JEL D12, D83, D85, K42, Z13)
Parties or Problem Sets: Review Article on How College Works and Paying for the Party
Authors: Johnson William R.
Published: March 2017

The potential of Internet-enabled distance learning to transform higher education focuses attention on exactly what residential higher-education institutions do for and to their students. Two recent books marshal detailed quantitative and subjective data on individual student outcomes to document the effects of two institutions and how these outcomes might be improved. Paying for the Party concludes that a Midwestern state university reinforces existing economic inequalities rather than fostering upward mobility. How College Works finds that a northeastern liberal-arts college generally serves its students well and suggests low-cost improvements. These claims are evaluated. (JEL D63, I23, I24)
Hansen and Sargent's Recursive Models of Dynamic Linear Economies: A Review Essay
Authors: West Kenneth D.
Published: March 2017

Lars Peter Hansen and Thomas J. Sargent's book, Recursive Models of Dynamic Linear Economies, exposits, extends, and applies methods for solution and analysis of dynamic stochastic linear quadratic models. The book, which can be used as a monograph or in a graduate course, integrates theory, econometrics, and computation. This essay provides a summary and offers some mild complaints about material not included in what is already a remarkably comprehensive book. (JEL C32, C61, D40, D50, E10)
Comments on Economic Models, Economics, and Economists: Remarks on Economics Rules by Dani Rodrik
Authors: Rubinstein Ariel
Published: March 2017

This essay reviews Dani Rodrik's superb book Economics Rules and argues that it can serve as an ideal platform for discussing what economists can and should accomplish. The essay comments on some of the major issues in contemporary economics examined in the book: whether economics is a science, the meaning of economic models, the nature of “facts” in economics, and others. It also touches on issues that the book overlooks, such as the sociology of the profession, the teaching curriculum in economics, and the dismal situation of publishing in economics. (JEL A11, B40, C50)
Cutting up the climbers: Evidence for extensive polyphyly in Friesodielsia (Annonaceae) necessitates generic realignment across the tribe Uvarieae
Authors: Guo Xing , Hoekstra Paul H. , Tang Chin Cheung , Thomas Daniel C. , Wieringa Jan J. , Chatrou Lars W. , Saunders Richard M.K.
Published: March 2017

Friesodielsia and the closely related genera Dasymaschalon, Desmos, Exellia, Gilbertiella and Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae subfamily Annonoideae tribe Uvarieae) are taxonomically problematic, with obscure generic delimitations and poorly known phylogenetic relationships. The present study addresses the polyphyletic status of Friesodielsia, using two nuclear and five chloroplast DNA regions to resolve this taxonomic confusion by circumscribing strictly monophyletic genera across the tribe. Bayesian, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses using a broad taxon sampling (101 taxa) reveal that Friesodielsia species form five robust and morphologically distinct clades. In order to ensure strict monophyly of genera, we restrict the generic name Friesodielsia to an exclusively Asian clade, and the African species that were formerly included in the genus are transferred to Afroguatteria, Monanthotaxis and Sphaerocoryne, necessitating ten new nomenclatural combinations. Schefferomitra, a monospecific genus from New Guinea, is shown to be congeneric with Asian Friesodielsia, and the nomenclatural implications of this are discussed. Two monospecific genera, Exellia and Gilbertiella, are furthermore synonymised with Monanthotaxis, necessitating two additional nomenclatural changes. New generic descriptions are provided for Dasymaschalon (ca. 27 species), Desmos (ca. 22 species), Friesodielsia (ca. 38 species) and Monanthotaxis (ca. 94 species) to reflect these revised circumscriptions.