bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Machine Learning for Prediction of Cone Penetration Test Data
Authors: Yabbarova E N , Zaikin A A , Latypov A I
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the use of machine learning to obtain predictive data of cone penetration tests of soils using the example of studying the geological environment of the Kazan city. The cone penetration test is one of the most popular and widely used types of field tests of soils. As a source material, a database of the physical and mechanical properties of soils and the database on cone penetration tests of soils of various genesis were used. The territory of the city of Kazan was considered separately for each terrace of the Volga river in accordance with the basic principles of engineering-geological zoning. For modeling of the dependence of parameters of cone penetration tests on soil properties was performed using machine learning. Mathematically, the problem was formulated as regressive - need to find functions that closely approximate field test data. As a result, it was found that the dependences obtained as functions of the cone resistance qc have very good convergence. This shows a good prospect of using machine learning to obtain real correlation dependencies, and therefore, to reduce the cost of engineering-geological surveys.
Changes in the Behavior of Long-Term Waterflow Variations in the Middle Part of Yakutia under the Global Warming Conditions
Authors: Shpakova R N
Published: March 2021

Currently, not only the expected future climatic changes but also the associated changes in the long-term waterflow regime are popular research objectives. However, such studies, as a rule, are focused on large water bodies of a regional or even subplanetary significance. Also, the estimates obtained for the expected changes in the waterflow regime are of the most common nature. They are certainly important in terms of assumptions on the main trends in the development of the situation with water resources on a macro-regional scale but do little in assessing the risks of water use or even living safety (if people live near a water body) in the foreseeable future in respect of relatively small and medium-sized water bodies. The study identifies and evaluates the specifics of the waterflow regime response to global warming for rivers, the basins of which are compactly located within a single natural and climatic zone - the middle part of Yakutia. This approach allows adequately comparing the parameters of changes in the behavior of long-term waterflow variations for different rivers.

For all rivers in the middle part of Yakutia, a significant increase in water content has been detected after 1987 (taken as the year preceding the start of the climate warming period), however, for the rivers of the western part of the region, this increase is associated not with a change in the behavior of long-term waterflow variations but with the onset of a high-water phase of a long-term natural cycle there. An increase in the annual waterflow variations was recorded for almost all rivers.

Changes in the behavior of long-term waterflow variations after 1987 led to the loss of stationarity of the annual waterflow time series in the overwhelming majority of cases.

It has been established that for rivers located in the middle part of Yakutia, a change in the behavior of long-term waterflow variations, which is presumably associated with global warming, can manifest itself in two main forms: a) in some cases, extremely high annual waterflow against the background of the typical regime of long-term variations - 1-2 cases (for the period from 1987 to 2018) lasting 1-3 years; b) the onset of a relatively long (5 years or more) period with an increased annual water content against the background of a violated of the cyclical behavior of long-term water content variations, which is typical for a given river. Herewith, for the rivers of the western region zone, the absence of pronounced changes in the behavior of long-term waterflow variations has been detected.
Commodity Assessment and Safety of Secondary Soybean Flour
Authors: Guzhel Yu A , Dotsenko S M , Kovaleva L A , Agafonov I V
Published: March 2021

Data found in literature suggests soybean seeds are superior to many oilseed crops if compared by the content of proteins, fats, phosphatides, and some other nutrients. No other floral or faunal product has such a combination of protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. This paper proposes using secondary soybean flour as germ, shell, or cotyledon flour in food production. Lack of solid evidence-based data on how this material is used in food design is indicative of the lack of research in the area, making this paper relevant. The article presents a process of making secondary soybean flour. It also describes the chemical composition and energy content of such flour as found by the researchers’ tests. The paper concludes with the newly formulated requirements to flour quality and safety.
The Distribution of Noble Metals in Metasomatites of the Kirchenovskoye Deposit (Transbaikalia)
Authors: Fedorov S , Yakimov T , Kalgin V
Published: March 2021

The Kirchenovskoye gold-silver deposit is one of the fairly large deposits in the Olovyanninsky region. In addition to rich ore mineralization, the distribution of noble metals in the host rocks is of interest. For five selected rocks, the contents of noble metals (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) were determined, the main part of which is represented by metasomatites: beresitized granite, graphite metasomatite (gneiss), graphite shale, mudstone and rocks from the weathering crust. For this, the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP MS) was used. Promising mineralization for Au, Ag, and Pd (mudstone, graphite shales and gneisses) have been identified. The concentration of noble metals in ores and host rocks occurred due to the removal of these metals from the granitoid massif by hydrothermal solutions.
Dynamics of Biogens to Estimate Ecological State of Coastal Waters of Southern Baikal
Authors: Afonina T E
Published: March 2021

The issue of biogenic pollution of the coastal waters of Lake Baikal has been considered, an inventory of their sources performed, and an ecological estimation of the coast anthropogenic pollution factors given, which, in turn, indicate the increased content of biogens in coastal waters and, according to scholars, affect the growth of spirogyra (Spirogyra Link and Stigeoclonium Ktz).

The studies performed have covered the southern coast of Lake Baikal from Kultuk Bay to Novosnezhnaya settlement since it is the most populated area with developed infrastructure, and the alluvial-accumulative coast has excellent beaches and good access roads to them. To estimate the biogen ingress, studies have been performed in the summer months (navigation season) and in March (ice period). The actual research results are represented in tabular and graphic material.

The own research results have shown that the biogen content is rather significant; it is high during the ice period. The intake of domestic wastewater is supported by the high content of biogens in samples taken at the water’s edge also during the ice period. In summer, the biogen content in coastal waters may be higher than in the ice period, however, due to the navigation season currents, their concentrations are ‘washed out’.
Method for Preserving High Conservation Value Forests in the Prichulym Taiga of Tomsk Region During Logging
Authors: Khasanova E Kh , Yablochkina N L , Iuzhakova M A
Published: March 2021

The paper presents a method to preserve high conservation value forests in accordance with the international certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in the Prichulym taiga of Tomsk region during logging. The taiga landscapes in the area of Prichulym’e are unique due to natural monuments, reserves, and specially protected natural areas with rare species of animals, birds, plants and valuable coniferous stands. These territories included in the forest fund of Tomsk region demand increased attention and systematic control, especially during logging and timber harvesting. At the first stage of the study, forest areas in the operational forests of the Zyryanskiy forestry in Tomsk region, leased by Sibirles OOO for logging and timber harvesting, were investigated. Based on the results of the study, some forest areas were referred to the category of high conservation value forests in accordance with the above-mentioned voluntary international certification system that implies an important function of protecting habitats of rare and endangered species of animals and plants, including those listed in the Red Book and regionally significant species. In such forests, logging and any type of felling are prohibited. Thus, these areas were conditionally excluded from the list of forests allowed for final felling. The results of the independent monitoring performed by the authors allowed the following conclusion: no violations were found in logging activities of Sibirles OOO that leased the parts of the forest in Zyryanskiy district for logging and timber harvesting. On the one hand, such joint activities and monitoring are economically costly; on the other hand, they are important and significant for further identification of the places abundant in unique flora and fauna.
The Possibility of Using the Existing Large-Sized Equipment of the Units when Switching to New Oil Treatment Technologies
Authors: Ivanyakov S V , Kryuchkov D A , Pechnikov A S
Published: March 2021

Oil treatment at field stabilization units allows preparing oil for storage and transportation, including by reducing the RVP and hydrogen sulfide content in oil. However, the use of direct fire heating of oil in pipe stills to maintain the thermal regime in the stabilization column may cause the formation of secondary hydrogen sulfide as a result of the thermal decomposition of heavy sulfur-containing hydrocarbons, which leads to additional financial losses for bringing the stabilized oil to the requirements of the current regulatory documents. A way to reduce the amount of secondary hydrogen sulfide is the transition from direct fire heating of oil to heating through an intermediate high-temperature coolant. In this case, the thermal regime of the stabilization column operation is maintained by heating in the reboiler, while it remains possible to use the existing unit columns and stills without their significant retrofitting.
Digital Forecast Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture: Optimization of Fungicidal Treatments of Potato for the Far East Region
Authors: Kuznetsova M A , Iakusheva O I , Rogozhin A N , Borovsky K V , Statsyuk N V
Published: March 2021

Far East represents the zone of risk farming that limits the productivity of potato significantly suffering from the late blight epiphytoties. Modern digital technologies can help farmers to overcome this problem. Using the VNIIFBlight Decision Support System (DSS) and archived data (2004–2018) from eight weather stations of the Khabarovsk Territory, we zoned this region in relation to potential potato yield losses associated with the late blight outbreak risk and calculated average frequencies of seasons with high, moderate, and low risks for each observation point. For each season and point, DSS determined dates of possible reinfection and the optimal dates of fungicidal treatments providing efficient protection. Comparison of the DSS-recommended scheme with the routine approach (regular treatments every 8 days) showed that DSS provided 1.9, 2.2, and 5× reduction of the number of treatments for seasons with potential yield losses >20, 10–20, and <10%, respectively. To provide farmers with the access to information required for decision-making, a “Geosystem” GIS was developed as a part of the meteorological service of the Infometeoservice company (http://infometeos.com/Map/Data). The GIS works in a real-time mode indicating the risk of the late blight outbreak at the points of interest that is important for the final decision concerning crop protection activities.
Alternative Ways for Deep Sea Research and Improving Methods for Automatic Control Systems of Underwater Robotics
Authors: Alekseev Yu K , Zhirabok A N , Medvedev A V
Published: March 2021

The report examines deep-sea inhabited and uninhabited underwater vehicles and robotic systems (RSs), which already allow the deployment of near-bottom autonomous and remotely controlled technical means for long-term and planned oceanological, geophysical, biological and many other studies. Ways and methods of increasing the accuracy of launching autonomous RSs into a given area of work and finding the most interesting anomalous research objects are considered. The analysis is based on half a century of experience in the creation and use of autonomous and remotely controlled underwater robots at the IMTP FEB RAS.
Technological Features of Biogas Production While Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Faecal Sludge, Sewage Sludge and Livestock
Authors: Burka M S , Basamykina A N , Kharlamova M D
Published: March 2021

The article studies technical possibilities of co-digestion of various types of organic waste in order to increase biogas yield and to solve the problem of efficient disposal of faecal sludge. The objects of study were: faecal sludge from a septic tank, sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant, cattle manure and poultry manure from a livestock farm. Technological features and determination of optimal operating parameters of organic waste anaerobic digestion were investigated. Priority composition of organic waste mixture for anaerobic digestion that provide the maximum biogas yield, as well as the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in the digestate was determined.
Developing a Pate with Branch Chain Amino Acids and Identifying It Using a QR Code
Authors: Brashko I S , Tikhonov S L , Tikhonova M S
Published: March 2021

The growing planet population requires manufacturing more products to replete nutritional deficiency, including those enriched with amino acids to maintain the balance of nutrients in the human body. Pate is an option of an alternative energy-dense meat product, ready-to-eat from a container by plastering on a bakery product as is or using as a side dish for the main course. A pate enriched with BCAAs, microbial proteinase, and goose liver conferring flavor and stabilizing the product has been developed. A solution has been proposed for ensuring food safety through identifying goods using a QR code, in which data on the type of feed, breeding meat cattle on farms, transportation, meat processing plant, meat product processing, and storage until the sale at a retail outlet to the end consumer are encrypted in a table format. The proposed measures contribute to the trust relations between the seller and the consumer and convenient delivery of information to the executive authorities, which will allow obtaining complete information on the goods purchased through the retail network with the supply chain.
Models of Signals of Eddy-Current Transducers above Defects of the Continuity of Metal
Authors: Zagidulin R V , Zagidulin T R , Bakiev T A , Bakiev A T
Published: March 2021

The shape of real signals of eddy-current transducers of electromagnetic flaw detectors obtained over continuity defects in the process of monitoring the surface of steel products and metal structures depends both on the type of eddy-current transducer and on the type of continuity defects in the metal (single defects, a group of cracks, pitting corrosion). When solving practical problems of eddy-current flaw detection of steel products and metal structures, there is a need for mathematical modeling of the measured signals of eddy-current transducers of different types (absolute, differential, overhead, throughput) over continuity defects in the metal.

Signal models of eddy-current transducers are also important from a methodological point of view, since they allow one to study the transformation of the eddy-current transducer signal shape with an arbitrary change in the parameters of real continuity defects in the metal, which facilitates the analysis and interpretation of flaw detection results.

It is shown that the signal waveform of an overhead eddy-current transducer of an electromagnetic flaw detector above a continuity defect is determined by its type, while for an absolute overhead eddy-current transducer it has a unipolar character, the extremum of which is located above the center of the continuity defect; for a differential overhead eddy-current transducer, it has a bipolar character, the extremes of which are located symmetrically on opposite sides of the center of the continuity defect.

To describe the signal waveform of the indicated types of overhead eddy-current transducers, mathematical models based on simple algebraic functions have been proposed that have two tuning parameters.

It is shown that these tuning parameters are related to the amplitude and half-width of the measured signal for the absolute overhead eddy-current transducer, and with the distance between the extremes for the measured signal of the differential overhead eddy-current transducer over the continuity defects such as a crack in the metal.

On the basis of these functions, mathematical models of signals of overhead eddy-current transducers above a group of cracks are proposed. It is shown that a change in the interval between continuity defects and their number in a group of cracks leads to a significant transformation of the signal waveshape of the overhead eddy-current transducers.
Protection of the Biodiversity of The Republic of Altai in Connection with Economic Development: Regional Experience
Authors: Baylagasov L V , Kapitonova I L
Published: March 2021

In this paper there have been analyzed problems of biodiversity conservation in the Altai Republic in the context of economic development of the territory. The main types of economic activities have a different impact on the biodiversity of the region. The authorities and environmental services take measures to preserve the natural environment, flora and fauna, including the organization of specially protected natural areas, the study of biodiversity and the publication of regional Red Data Books, the elaboration of projects for the artificial cultivation and breeding of certain species of plants and animals, including the Red Data Book ones. It has been shown that the problem of preserving medicinal plants included in the Red Data Book of the Altai Republic has been unsolved for more than 20 years. This can lead to the almost complete disappearance of these species outside the borderlines of specially protected natural areas of the federal level.
Study of the Air Pollution Reduction Process in the Production of Film-Forming Substances for Quick-Drying Enamels
Authors: Samarskaya N , Paramonova O , Lysova E
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to ensuring technosphere safety in the production of film-forming substances for quick-drying enamels. The work presents results of studies of the technological process of copolymerization, physicochemical properties of the pollutant and its effect on human health. Results of experimental studies, confirming the phase transition of a pollutant into a gaseous state, are presented. Based on the data obtained, theoretical studies of the process of reducing air pollution were carried out, during which a physical model of reducing pollution was built and promising methods for ensuring technospheric safety were identified.
Fragmentation of Toluene by Non-Thermal Plasmas in Liquids
Authors: Titov D Yu , Titov E Yu , Bordikov I V
Published: March 2021

The influence of the energy of low-voltage discharges in the liquid phase on the directions of fragmentation of toluene is studied. The discharges were generated by a 60 V DC source with a capacitor of 90 μF, 20090 μF, and 40090 μF. Fragmentation of toluene leads to the formation of carbon structures on the surface of graphite electrodes and in a liquid medium. It was revealed that an increase in the power of electric discharges leads to the growth of carbon structures on the surface of electrodes, reduces the output of the gas phase and finely dispersed carbon structures. The morphology and composition of solid phase products were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Nanosized carbon structures are obtained in the form of aggregates - carbon nanohorns, which actively adsorb oxygen (content 0.9-3.6 at%). The composition of gaseous products was determined by gas chromatography. It was revealed that with an increase in the power of electric discharges, the hydrogen content slightly increases from 74.8 to 75.15 mol%, methane from 5.86 to 6.55 mol%, neopentane from 0.02 to 0.55 mol%. At the same time, the acetylene content in gaseous products decreases from 18.14 to 16.36 mol%.
Analysis of the Stress-Strain State of the Pipeline in the Areas of Frost Heaving of the Soil Using the SCAD Software Package
Authors: Gulin D A , Fayzullina E V , Sharipova E I , Sultanmagomedov S M , Nasibullin T R
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the actual problem of construction and operation of pipelines in difficult geological conditions. The paper analyzes the interaction of permafrost soils with underground structures. One of the main problems is considered the soil heaving - the ability of water-saturated soils to increase its volume when frozen. The authors analyzed one of the existing calculation methods for determining the stress-strain state of a pipeline laid on heaving soils; the dependences of the determination of the normal forces of frost heaving have been investigated; calculated the values of stresses and displacements in the SCAD software package. It was revealed that the problems associated with the phenomenon of changes in the volume of soils with temperature drops depend both on the rate of soil freezing and on the length of the heaving section.
Cooperation of the Russian Federation and PRC in the Conditions of Natural Confrontations
Authors: Varfalovskiy A V , Varfalovskaya R A , Varfalovskaya V V
Published: March 2021

The Russian Federation and China participate and cooperate in various natural challenges, fighting these confrontations. Russia, China’s largest neighbour, in response to an outbreak of coronavirus, suggested that it join forces in the fight against a new virus. This is a step in deepening the economic, humanitarian, scientific and technical cooperation of the Russian Federation and China. In addition, the largest economies of the world participate in the Paris Climate Agreement (EU, USA, PRC, RF and other countries). This will allow developing many international projects. The Chinese initiative “One Belt, One Way”, including in addition to the Russian initiative “Ice Silk Road”, can become particularly effective “green and smart”. Compensation for carbon dioxide emissions - the creation and supply of environmentally friendly equipment, the development of agricultural and forestry joint Russian-Chinese investment-production and foreign trade, customs enterprises and projects, including free economic zones. China is investing environmental attention in the Russian Federation: energy, agriculture, forestry, environmental equipment, including for the gas industry, including LNG equipment for Russian enterprises. Russian-Chinese relations are characterized by high development dynamics, mutual understanding, and a solid legal base.
Investigation of the Natural Gas Components Redistribution in the “Gas-Hydrate” System
Authors: Kalacheva L P , Ivanova I K , Soloveva S A
Published: March 2021

The paper studies the degree of C2-C4 components redistribution in hydrates during their formation in water and mineralized solutions of hydrocarbonate and chloride types. It was found that in brines of the chloride type, in comparison with hydrocarbonate waters, there is a noticeable concentration of propane and isobutane. Such selective enrichment of hydrate gas with methane homologues leads to increasing in their fat coefficient and calorific value. Compared with the original natural gas, the fat coefficient of gases in hydrates obtained in hydrocarbonate waters increase by 3.0-3.2 times, the combustion heat of gases - by 17.2-18.0%. In brines of the chloride type, the fat coefficient of gases in hydrates in comparison with that one of the natural gas increase by 4.4-4.9 times, and the combustion heat - by 26.2-30.5%. Experimental studies have shown the possibility of using surface and ground waters in the industrial production of hydrates. The use of natural waters in the technological process of hydrates obtaining in special installations makes it possible to exclude the stage of water treatment, which can significantly reduce the cost of the hydrates production. And the selective fractionation of C2-C4 hydrocarbons leads to an increase in the energy value of the "hydrate" fuel.
Heap Bioleaching of Copper-Nickel Ores in the Arctic
Authors: Yanishevskya E S , Goryachev A A , Fokina N V
Published: March 2021

This paper researches the effectiveness of heap leaching for processing the sulfide raw materials in Murmansk Oblast. It studies the kinetics of how metals are extracted into the solution, as well as the peculiarities of chalcopyrite dissolution. The paper shows that leaching destroys the grains, making them into fine particulate matter, which ultimately jeopardizes solution filtering. Use of recycled solution makes the leaching process more cost-effective.
The Comparison of the Russian and Foreign Mining Wastes Classification Systems
Authors: Kondakova V N , Pomortseva A A , Pospehov G B
Published: March 2021

The important part of doing a research about artificial soils is their classification. Nowadays there is no generally accepted classification system of artificial soils. Moreover, the principles of classification in Russia and over European Union significantly differ from each other. Then, in present paper, different classification systems have been analysed and the attempt to classify two types of studied artificial soils have been made. The paper explain the authors’ position about the question from which side is more appropriate to classify artificial soils for purposes of engineering geology.
Development of a Method for Measuring the Content of Extractables Mn(II) Forms in Soils Using Periodate Ions for Environmental Monitoring Purposes
Authors: Lokhanina S Yu , Trubacheva L V , Chernykh K S , Trubachev A V
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of the development and preparation for metrological certification of methods for measuring the content of extractable forms of manganese (II) in soils, establishing its minimum detectable concentrations. It is established that the use of potassium periodate has a number of significant advantages: the determination procedure is less toxic compared to the use of formaldoxime, solutions have a more stable color over time, it is not necessary to eliminate the interfering influence of chloride ions. The experiment is carried out to establish the metrological characteristics (indicators of precision, accuracy, and precision) with the use of work samples of different soil types. The metrological characteristics of the results are not worse than those regulated by the regulatory document for the certified method.
Analysis of the Flora of the Vedensky Biological Reserve
Authors: Taysumov M A , Umarov M U , Astamirova M A-M , Shakhgirieva Z I , Umaeva A M , Baybatyrova E R
Published: March 2021

The natural flora of the Vedensky biological reserve (Chechen Republic) has been studied, including 1543 species of vascular plants from 545 genera and 119 families. 12 large families (Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Apiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rubiaceae) including 492 species, and 20 large genera (Astragalus, Rosa, Orobanche, Medicago, Carex, Trifolium, Hieracium, Vicia, Allium, Stipa, Geranium, Festuca, Veronica, Artemisia, Viola, Poa, Centaurea, Euphorbia, Galium, Orchis) uniting 166 species are specified. By the dominant large families, the flora belongs to the Mediterranean type, and by the set of families of the head spectrum part and the prevailing geo-elements, it is Caucasian-Palaearctic one. Among the 7 florocoenotypes represented here, the rocky-talus and shrub-fringe ones prevail with significant participation of the meadow florocoenotype. More than half of the flora (54.53 %) is occupied by hemicryptophytes, and half as much as they – by terophytes (26.79 %); phanerophytes (9.2 %), cryptophytes (7.14 %), and hamephites (2.34 %) are less common. Herbaceous plants make up 88.46 %, trees and shrubs - 9.20 %, and subshrubs and dwarf shrubs - 2.34 % of the flora.

The flora is rich in resource-useful species: 157 food, 288 fodder, 178 medicinal, 120 poisonous, 202 melliferous, 314 decorative, and 81 industrial plants.
Monitoring of Forest Land Cover Change in Nui Ba Ra Protected Landscape in Vietnam Using Remote Sensing Methods and GIS techniques
Authors: Anh Dang Thi Lan , Hung Dang Viet , Hung Nguyen Thanh
Published: March 2021

Nui Ba Ra Protected Landscape is a specially protected natural area of Vietnam. Protected Landscape is located in Ba Ra Mountain, one of the three highest peaks in the southeast of the country. For monitoring purposes of forest land cover change, Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2A images taken in 1995, 2007 and 2019 were used. To assess the vegetation cover in the Protected Landscape, the Normalized Plant Index Method (NDVI) was used. Allocated forest land is categorized by maximum likelihood in ENVI 5.3. For each satellite image, a statistical analysis of forest land cover change was performed after classification. The results confirm that the area of meadows and shrubs increased from 2.6% in 1995 to 8.1% in 2019, and the area of mixed forests decreased from 96.0% to 89.2%. Thus, there is a general degradation of woody vegetation.
Geo-Ecological Basis for the Prospect of Using Agricultural Territory of Dong Nai Province, Vietnam
Authors: Hung N T , Ivanovna K I , Mengesha M G
Published: March 2021

Geo-ecological assessments are widely used in the practice of modern environmental management. Dong Nai has favorable geographical features for developing high quality agriculture. The analyzed data indicated that the northeast region has prospects for agricultural development with food crops and fruit trees. The south and southwest areas are suitable for industrial-urban development combined with the development of perennial industrial crops. Organic agriculture will be the main trend in agricultural production of Dong Nai province, in order to improve the efficiency of agriculture and maintain the ecological environmental quality.
Food Security of the Russian Federation: Concept, Indicators, Levels, Measures of State Support, Problematic Legislative Aspects
Authors: Kurbatova S M , Aisner L Yu , Vlasov V A
Published: March 2021

The article considers the concept and system of food security indicators, analyzes the levels and measures of state support for agriculture as a basic branch of the economy, aimed at providing citizens with high-quality and affordable food products in sufficient quantities. The authors pay special attention to the study of state support measures for agricultural producers after Russia’s accession to the WTO. It also analyzes certain problematic legislative aspects of the topic under study and suggests appropriate legal ways to solve them, namely, to make certain additions and establish legal norms in a separate Chapter of the Federal law "On agricultural development", as well as to develop a draft and adopt a Federal law "On ensuring food security of the Russian Federation" in the near future.
GPR Technologies for Predicting the Development of Dangerous Cryogenic Processes in Subsurface Soils
Authors: Savvin D V , Fedorova L L , Solovyov E E
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of comprehensive engineering and geophysical studies on road sections of the city of Yakutsk. Actual studies aimed at improving modern geophysical technologies and methods for studying frozen rocks are considered. The results of studying the characteristic features of wave fields to develop signs of interpretation and prediction of the development of dangerous cryogenic processes in subsurface soils according to GPR data are presented. The data of two-stage autumn-spring measurements are presented, the results of which made it possible to study the complex cryogenic structure of the road section of Dzerzhinsky Street. Good convergence of the GPR results with the data of electrical exploration (non-contact measurement of apparent resistance) on the section of Lenin Avenue is shown. Potentially dangerous areas of the development of dangerous cryogenic processes associated with permafrost degradation were identified on the basis of low resistivities on the obtained ρk graphs and on the basis of the presence of discontinuities in the events, chaotic signals and low-frequency reflections in the radar section.
Simulation of Wave Mixing of Surface Layers in the Sea Area
Authors: Nikolaeva A V , Rychkov S L , Shatrov A V
Published: March 2021

A problem of surface waves simulation is considered there in the context of combating oil spills. Being independent of waves penetrating into water, oil is disposed in sea as floating surface slicks and as drops suspended in water thickness. An oil surface slick incurs of transferring by wind and current actions, on the one hand, and of a variety of transforming processes, on the other hand. Gravitational spreading is one of the most influent transforming processes for oil on the sea surface. Among physical problems, there are dynamics of thin films of petroleum products on the sea surface and the need to consider moving on the waved sea-atmosphere border. The oil penetration into the water thickness occurs during the dispersion process --- of the transfer of oil from the water surface to the water phase as a result of wave collapse. The carried away oil splits into drops of different sizes which spread and diffuse into the water thickness. The factors such as droplet size, buoyancy, and turbulence affect dispersion stability. The main sources of dispersion energy are collapsing waves formed by wind on the surface of a water body. We suggest using a 2D surface wave model based on the dynamics of interacting particles. In contrast to complex hydrodynamic and spectral models, that makes it possible to estimate quite simply and effectively the proportion of dispersed oil pollution carried from the surface to the depth of the sea area.
Coulter Traction Resistance Analysis
Authors: Begunov M A , Koval V S , Demchuk E V
Published: March 2021

The results of theoretical research to determine the dependence of traction resistance on the coulter design and setting parameters are given in this article. In the course of theoretical research the mathematical model allowing to determine the coulter traction resistance is obtained.
Simulation Modeling of the Distribution of Microwave Field Strength in the Grain Layer
Authors: Kisel N N , Vaganova A A , Savitskiy A N
Published: March 2021

To ensure quick prototyping and reduce the possibility of losses caused by errors at various stages of development and implementation of equipment for microwave heating of dielectric materials, the development and simulation of models is of particular importance. The aim of this work is simulation of a slotted waveguide grating for grain drying. The main task of the simulation was to ensure an even distribution of power through each slot. Simulation modeling was carried out using a specialized software package FEKO. To describe the model, an exact calculation method was used - the method of moments; the results were verified. The dependences of the antenna SWR on the width of the slots and the angle of rotation of the slots were investigated and optimal arrangement of slots was chosen. Simulation modeling of field distribution showed that placing the waveguides farther from the container leads to the alignment of the field inhomogeneity, but some part of the radiated power is lost in this case. As the calculation results showed, an increase in the distance between the waveguide and the container with grain did not affect the SWR of the waveguides. It should be noted that in a real situation, the wave character of the field is smoothed out due to heat transfer, which cannot be taken into account in the process of electromagnetic modeling. In addition, the entire spectrum of possible changes in the dielectric parameters of the grain should be investigated in order to analyze the process of wave propagation at high grain moisture. It is also advisable to consider other modifications of the slotted waveguide antennas, which can provide more uniform heating inside the container with grain.
Metallograms as an Objective and Illustrative Basis for Metallogenic Analysis
Authors: Seitmuratova E Yu , Baratov R T , Dautbekov D O
Published: March 2021

The paper presents results of huge generalization of geological and metallogenic materials on paleosoids of Kazakhstan which allowed for the first time composing the metallogenograms for seventy eight (78) structural-formational zones (SFZ). Their analysis showed that all SFZs of Kazakhstan’s paleosoids contain ores and led to development of scientifically substantiated recommendations for planning the prospecting works within the newly identified promising SFZ areas with favourable metallogenic geodynamic conditions and ore-bearing stratigraphic levels.
Food Independence as Key Component of Food Security of the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Gubarkov S V , Zhupley I V , Tretyak N A
Published: March 2021

This article considers the problems of providing food security in the Far East of the Russian Federation. The authors performed a comparative analysis of food independence indicators for the Russian Federation, Far Eastern, and Siberian Federal District. They made a conclusion that the food independence threats in the Far Eastern Federal District are lower than those in other macroregions. Trend models were developed to obtain forecast values of food independence indicators, and the quality of these models was tested. The authors analyzed the existing and potential food security threats in the Far Eastern Federal District. They formulated suggestions to improve the food independence of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Engineering Method for Calculating Changes in the Structure and Intensity of Traffic Flow
Authors: Kosovets M A , Lozhkin V N , Lozhkina O V
Published: March 2021

The real costs of the population caused by pollutants emitted by motor vehicles operating on the roads of cities of the Russian Federation are directly related to the intensity and structure of motor vehicle flows. The paper solves the scientific and practical problem of reformatting the data of instrumental online monitoring of the intensity and structure of motor vehicle flows on the street and road network of St. Petersburg into numerical information, adapted to the program for calculating the expected air pollution with pollutants emitted by road traffic for conditions of extremely dangerous vulnerability of the urban population. The conditions of extremely dangerous vulnerability of the urban population are determined by a combination of unfavorable meteorological factors for the dispersion of pollutants with hours of maximum traffic load (rush hours of automobile traffic). An engineering technique for calculating changes in the structure and intensity of motor vehicle flow and an original program for its implementation by means of MS Excel are presented. New statistical patterns of changes in the intensity of motor vehicle flows for typical highways and streets have been obtained, which make it possible to reliably predict in real time the local situations of extremely dangerous for the urban population air pollution with pollutants emitted by road traffic. Computational study, using the developed methodology, found that on the most loaded ring line in St. Petersburg in the vicinity of the cable-stayed crossing "Obukhovsky Bridge", under unfavorable meteorological conditions during rush hours it is likely to expect a multiple excess of the maximum permissible standards for dioxide nitrogen NO2 (up to 10 MACMOT). The calculation method efficiency has been confirmed when solving specific problems of urban motor vehicle flow management under extreme meteorological and road conditions.
Theoretical Approbation of the Method for Evaluating Bending Stress of Underground Pipelines from the Ground Surface
Authors: Aginey R V , Firstov A A
Published: March 2021

The feature of the operation of main underground pipelines in complicated engineering and geological conditions is the need for constant monitoring of their technical condition and the design position of the axis to assess the level of bending stress in order to take preventive measures. The existing methods for monitoring the technical condition of underground pipelines have several disadvantages, for this reason, as a rule, a set of methods is used.

One of the promising methods for assessing the bending stress of underground pipelines is the method of surveying the depth of the pipeline axis from the ground surface. The paper provides dependencies that make it possible to level the errors arising when using this method and to assess the bending stress of an underground pipeline with an error not exceeding the specified one and taking into account the design features of the pipeline and the equipment used.

Comparison of the calculated values of bending stress when using the method of surveying the depth of the axis of an underground pipeline from the ground surface and the values obtained during smart pigging of a section of an underground pipeline is presented. The provisions for determining the optimal shooting step when measuring the depth of the pipeline axis from the soil surface are presented.
Simulation of Unsteady Heat Transfer in the Liquid Core of the Earth with Allowance for Internal Heat Sinks
Authors: Solovjev S , Solovjeva T S
Published: March 2021

The results of numerical simulation of unsteady convective heat transfer of an electrically conductive liquid in a spherical layer (modeling the Earth’s liquid core) under boundary conditions for a temperature of the first kind and in the presence of internal (negative) heat sinks are presented. The effect of internal heat sinks on the evolution of the structure of a liquid flow, temperature field, magnetic induction, and the distribution of Nusselt numbers in a strong magnetic field is investigated.
Increase in Soil Moisture Reserves Due to the Formation of High Stubble Residues for the Accumulation of Snow Precipitation
Authors: Konstantinov M , Glushkov I , Mukhamedov V , Lovchikov A
Published: March 2021

The Orenburg region belongs to the dry-steppe regions with a sharply continental climate, the efficiency of crop production in which depends on the amount of precipitation. Due to the natural and climatic conditions of the region, precipitation in the form of snow is used irrationally, which leads to a decrease in the amount of potential soil moisture. Lack of moisture negatively affects the quality of crop production processes and the state of the soil itself. To solve this problem, it is proposed to implement measures for mechanized snow retention in agricultural fields. Technical and technological disadvantages of the classic mechanized snow retention are established. Negative components of the classical technology are the need for additional costs for winter events and the forced additional impact on the soil of heavy equipment. As a solution to the problem, it is advisable to accumulate snow on high stubble residues formed simultaneously with the process of harvesting grain crops. It was found that for the Orenburg region, taking into account the natural and climatic features, it is advisable to use a Reaper for two-phase harvesting of grain crops by a batch method with a device for the formation of high stubble residues. A dependence was established to determine the optimal share of the field area with stubble residues for effective snow retention. The optimal values of the interdependent parameters of the Reaper reel and the reel of the stubble residue formation device are revealed. The analysis of experimental field studies showed that the formed stubble residues allow accumulating the amount of snow, which increases the moisture reserves in the soil in the spring period by about two times. The feasibility study of the proposed solution showed the feasibility of its application and allowed us to establish the level of profit from the increase in yield due to an increase in the amount of moisture in the soil as a result of snow retention.
Information Modeling as a Foundation for Revealing the Production Potential of an Oil Production Company
Authors: Chazov E L , Grakhov V P , Suntsov A S , Simchenko O L
Published: March 2021

All major oil fields in the Urals and the Volga Region, Russia, are in the final stage of exploration, when oil production is becoming too costly. In the light of the novel coronavirus pandemic that has led to a reduction in oil demand, in turn resulting in limited production, optimizing the oil production costs is even more critical.

This paper dwells upon developing methodological toolkit for information modeling to help identify the production potential associated with optimizing the operating costs of an oil production company; the case study uses the costs of well maintenance and repair. This methodology features little to no use of expert opinions to make the best and most sound managerial decisions.

By finding the correlating indicators of oil fields in the Urals and the Volga Region, the authors apply Microsoft Excel Solver, a simplex-based linear programming solver, to comprehensively identify how the frequency and the average duration of repairs could be reduced. The authors propose organizational measures, adopting which will help optimize the well repair cycle.
Eco-Friendly and Economical Oil Adsorbents Based on PUF and Chitin
Authors: Trang T Y D , Zenitova L A
Published: March 2021

Industrialization and modernization have led to a rapid increase in the amount of solid waste around the globe. To reduce the amount of solid waste that is discharged into the environment, it is necessary to select materials that have high reusability and recyclability. This study evaluates the reusability of the grafted oil adsorbent PPU10M based on polyurethane foam (PUF) and chitin. The result shows that the sorbent PPU10M can reuse up to 20 cycles after sorbent regeneration by the mechanochemical method. The amount of adsorbed oil is recovered up to 91.5%. The use of waste sorbents as the filler into the process synthesis of the oil sorbent containing waste is studied in this work. The results present that the sorbents containing 5% mass of the waste have the oil capacity equivalent to the sorbent without waste. At the same time, the water adsorption of this material reaches lower than in comparison with the non-waste material. This is indicated that the sorbent PPU10M not only has high oil adsorption capacity but also has good reuse and recycling ability. Thus, it is considered that PPU10M is a potential, eco-friendly, and economical sorbent for oil spill removal.