bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An International Inquiry
Authors: Ciuffetelli Parker Darlene , Craig Cheryl J.
Published: January 2015

This article features an international inquiry of two high-poverty urban schools, one Canadian and one American. The article examines poverty in terms of “small stories” that educators and students live and tell, often on the edges, unheard and unaccounted for in grand narratives. It also expands the story constellations approach to narrative inquiry by adding a new set of paired stories: stories of poverty–poverty stories. The overall intent is to illuminate in more nuanced ways the complex factors that shape people’s lives outside the boundaries of policy prescriptions.
Bringing the countryside to the city: Practices and imaginations of the rural in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Gillen Jamie
Published: January 2015

By zeroing in on the spatial tensions of the urban experience, this paper examines the countryside’s role as a set of everyday practices and imaginative discourses in the growth and transformation of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The argument centres on how urban residents draw on material practices and symbolic discourses of the ‘rural’ to imbue the city with meaning. In doing so, this paper adds another dimension to the literature on Southeast Asian cities by illustrating how Ho Chi Minh City institutions and residents enliven the value of the countryside through urban development. Related to this, I highlight how the folding of the countryside in to the city does not deprive either rural or urban space of meaning. In sum, the findings contribute to debates surrounding the Southeast Asian region in urban theorising, the countryside’s role in linking the ‘rural’ and the ‘urban’, and the classic ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors involved in rural–urban migration by rethinking the urban/rural binary in Vietnam.
The City from Afar
Authors: Stubblefield Thomas
Published: January 2015

This essay focuses on Alvin Coburn’s The Octopus, a photograph of Madison Square taken from atop the Met Life Tower in 1912. Working against the conventional interpretation of the image as a study in form, it approaches the work in relation to a public debate surrounding urbanization in Manhattan at the turn of the century. Read in this context, the image not only chronicles the anxieties of the skyscraper and its perceived threats to health, sociality, and class mobility but also discloses new modes of urban experience that strike a balance between competing forces within this dialogue. In this regard, the image is instructive for contemporary photography as it attempts to engage with the postindustrial city as subject.
Debris of What-Would-Have-Been
Authors: Grigor Talinn , Katchi.db Romina
Published: January 2015

In dialogues among eight pairs of photographs, this piece aims to tell a distinct story about modernity’s industrial remains. These dialogues embody the workers’ dream of mass utopia that has come and gone. Images depicting Massachusetts’ Gateway Cities enter into conversation with photographs of Soviet industrial architecture.1 This juxtaposition of images and text serves the purpose of telling a story about the same thing: the rise and fall of empires, ones ideologically seemingly so different, yet similar in fate.
Is CO2 a good proxy for indoor air quality in classrooms? Part 1: The interrelationships between thermal conditions, CO2 levels, ventilation rates and selected indoor pollutants
Authors: Chatzidiakou Lia , Mumovic Dejan , Summerfield Alex
Published: January 2015

Current indoor air quality (IAQ) guidelines in school buildings are framed around thermal conditions, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and corresponding ventilation rates without considering specific indoor pollution levels. Drawing on detailed monitoring data from a sample of 18 classrooms from six London schools, the aim of this paper is to highlight behavioural and environmental factors that affect pollution levels in classrooms, and evaluate the adequacy of CO2 as an overall predictor for IAQ using multilevel modelling. Together with elimination of indoor emission sources, keeping the temperatures below 26℃, and preferably below 22℃ depending on season, may limit total volatile organic compounds below thresholds associated with sensory irritations. The models suggested that after removing dust reservoirs from the classrooms, lowering average indoor CO2 levels below 1000 ppm by increasing ventilation rates can limit indoor airborne particulate matter concentrations below recommended annual WHO 2010 guidelines. Uncontrolled infiltration rates may increase indoor NO2 levels and microbial counts of fungal and bacterial groups, whose presence is associated with wet and moist materials. Overall, indoor CO2 levels were a useful proxy for indoor investigations as they can prevent overheating, dilute pollutants with indoor sources and purge concentrations of airborne particles; however, they were a poor predictor of traffic related pollutants. Practical implications of the findings on the UK policy and building design industry are discussed.

Practical application: Driven by the growing population, and many years of intensive use, the UK building stock is in need of rapid expanding, extensive refurbishment and maintenance. However, local authorities lack the money for comprehensive and specialist renovations. The recommendations presented in this paper take into account specific needs and possibilities, and target building designers, engineers and occupants involved with daily operation and management of school buildings. Timely control of ventilation and heating systems, informed selection of construction materials, interior finishing and elimination of indoor sources may improve IAQ of school classrooms.
The Different Behavioral Intentions of Collectivists and Individualists in Response to Social Exclusion
Authors: Pfundmair Michaela , Graupmann Verena , Frey Dieter , Aydin Nilüfer
Published: January 2015

We investigated how participants with collectivistic and individualistic orientation cope with social exclusion on a behavioral level. In Studies 1 and 2, we found participants with more individualistic orientation to indicate more antisocial behavioral intentions in response to exclusion than in response to inclusion; however, participants with more collectivistic orientation did not differ in their behavioral intentions between exclusion and inclusion. In the third and fourth study, we replicated our findings across cultures: German and U.S. participants indicated more antisocial and avoiding behavioral intentions under exclusion than under inclusion, whereas Turkish and Indian participants did not differ in their behavioral intentions between exclusion and inclusion. In Studies 3 and 4, only German and U.S. participants were significantly affected by exclusion, showing more negative mood, which correlated with their behavioral intentions. In Study 4, the different behavioral intentions of collectivists and individualists were mediated by a different threat experience. The findings emphasize the role of self-construal and culture, as well as the self-threat inherent in exclusion.
Practice Guideline Recommendations on Perioperative Fasting
Authors: Lambert Eva , Carey Sharon
Published: January 2015

Background: Traditionally, perioperative fasting consisted of being nil by mouth (NBM) from midnight before surgery and fasting postoperatively until recovery of bowel function. These outdated practices persist despite emerging evidence revealing that excessive fasting results in negative outcomes and delayed recovery. Various evidence‐based, multimodal, enhanced recovery protocols incorporating minimized perioperative fasting have arisen to improve patient outcomes and streamline recovery, but implementation remains limited. This article aims to review current fasting guidelines, assess their quality, summarize relevant recommendations, and identify gaps in evidence. Methods: A systematic literature search of Medline and CINAHL and a manual search of relevant websites identified guidelines containing suitable grading systems and fasting recommendations. Guideline quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) tool. Grading systems were standardized to the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition format and recommendations summarized based on grading and guideline quality. Results: Nineteen guidelines were included. Rigor of development scores ranged from 29%–95%, with only 8 guidelines explicitly declaring the use of systematic methodology. Applicability scores were lowest, averaging 32%. Ten recommendation types were extracted and summarized. Strong and consistent evidence exists for the minimization of perioperative fasting, for a 2‐hour preoperative fast after clear fluids, and for early recommencement of oral food and fluid intake postoperatively. Conclusions: This article presents several high‐level recommendations ready for immediate implementation, while poorly graded and inconsistent recommendations reveal key areas for future research. Meanwhile, guideline quality requires improvement, especially regarding rigor of development and applicability, through systematic methodology, reporting transparency, and implementation strategies.
A Qualitative Case Study Exploring Nurse Engagement With Electronic Health Records and E-Prescribing
Authors: Abbott Amy Ann , Fuji Kevin T. , Galt Kimberly A.
Published: January 2015

There is a national focus on the adoption and use of electronic health records (EHRs) with electronic prescribing (e-Rx) for the goal of providing safe and quality care. Although there is a large body of literature on the benefits of adoption, there is also increasing evidence of the unintentional consequences resulting from use. As little is known about how use of EHR with e-Rx systems affects the roles and responsibilities of nurses, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to describe how nurses adapt to using an EHR with e-Rx system in a rural ambulatory care practice. Six themes emerged from the data. Findings revealed that nurses adjust their routine in response to providers’ preferential behavior about EHR with e-Rx systems yet retained focus on the patient and care coordination. Although perceived as more efficient, EHR with e-Rx adoption increased workload and introduced safety risks.
Zones of Indeterminacy: Art, Body and Politics in Daoist Thought
Authors: Yu Peng
Published: January 2015

This paper examines the elusive concept of Xu in Zhuangzi’s philosophy to find out how specifically Xu addresses relationality through its distinct cultivation of ambiguity in this Daoist philosopher’s theory. The paper chooses liubai and body as two examples to unravel the ways in which the concept of Xu is manifested. Embedded in the meanings of blandness and lack of substance, Xu enlivens change, transformation and process. Evident in liubai, Xu creates a unique ecological space of metamorphosis that nourishes mutual becoming. For Zhuangzi, body is neither understood as the object to be acquired nor as the means to acquire knowledge. Rather, body is a void to become. The political implication of Xu suggests a politics of indeterminacy – an alienation from preordained power structures and a reconstruction of power relations.
‘Crowded Places Are Everywhere We Go’: Crowds, Emergency, Politics
Authors: Aradau Claudia
Published: January 2015

‘Crowded places’ have recently been problematized as objects of terrorist attacks. Following this redefinition of terrorism, crowds have been reactivated at the heart of a security continuum of counter-terrorism, emergency planning and policing. How does the crowd referent recalibrate security governance, and with what political effects? This article argues that several subtle reconfigurations take place. First, counter-terrorism governance derives the knowledge of crowds from ‘generic events’ as unexpected, unpredictable and potentially catastrophic. This move activates 19th-century knowledge about crowds as pathological, while the spatial referent of ‘crowded places’ reconfigures workplaces as crowded places and workers as crowds. Second, new guidance for emergency planning and policing deploys a more rational approach to crowds, put forward in recent psychosocial approaches. These modes of knowledge derive ‘generic crowds’ from normal social relations rather than extraordinary events. Generic events and generic crowds effectively depoliticize crowds, as they exclude a more radical generic politics, in which crowds are not derivable, but negate determination.
Transfusion-related acute lung injury following coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Bitargil M , Arslan C , Başbuğ HS , Göçer H , Günerhan Y , Bekov YY
Published: January 2015

Blood transfusion is sometimes a necessary procedure during or following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. However, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)/possible TRALI is a rare and fatal complication and characterized by acute hypoxemia and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that occurs within 6 hours following a transfusion. Anti-leukocyte antibodies or, possibly, other bioactive substances cause inflammation and capillary endothelial destruction in susceptible recipients’ lungs. Prompt diagnosis and mechanical ventilatory support are important. A successful treatment of two male patients following CABG surgery, compatible with TRALI/possible TRALI, is presented here.
Prevalence, presentation and occupational risk factors of chronic venous disease in nurses
Authors: Diken AI , Yalçınkaya A , Aksoy E , Yılmaz S , Özşen K , Sarak T , Çağlı K
Published: January 2015

Objective

In this study involving a group of nurses employed in a number of different medical services with relatively well-defined working conditions, the presence and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency were screened and their association with work burden and physical working conditions was explored.

Methods

Of the 294 actively employed nurses during the study period, 232 (79%) were recruited on the basis of their willingness for participation and fulfilment of the inclusion criteria.

Results

Among the study subjects, 62.9% had at least one symptom of chronic venous insufficiency, and 50.4% were found to have chronic venous insufficiency according to Clinical–Etiology–Anatomy–Pathophysiology classification criteria. A significant association was found between the diurnal ankle circumference difference in the left–right ankles and the mean duration of hospital stay.

Conclusions

Our results have shown that the average duration of hospital stay, which is among the variables used to estimate the work burden of nurses, is associated with an increased frequency of the signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency.
Social Cues of (Un)Trustworthy Team Members
Authors: Neu Wayne A.
Published: January 2015

This study investigates the way in which and the extent to which students engage in social categorization during the process of self-selecting team members for a team assignment. The discovery-oriented method of grounded theory was used. Data were gathered from a sample of 38 undergraduate marketing and management students using the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique. Results indicate that, when faced with having too little information about classmates, students use a variety of social cues to cognitively categorize classmates, and then make a series of inferences about their personality, values, and trustworthiness based on the category in which they are placed. In addition, students use the inferences to help make decisions about who to approach and who to avoid during the self-selection process. Making inferences about classmates based on the social category in which they are placed, rather than on individual merit, is stereotyping. Behaving differently toward classmates based on the social category in which they are placed is discrimination. All 38 students who participated in this study reported that they have used social cues to help decide who to approach and who to avoid during team formation, and 13 reported doing so every time they have self-selected team members.
The place of corticosteroids in migraine attack management: A 65-year systematic review with pooled analysis and critical appraisal
Authors: Woldeamanuel YW , Rapoport AM , Cowan RP
Published: January 2015

Background and objectives

Headaches recur in up to 87% of migraine patients visiting the emergency department (ED), making ED recidivism a management challenge. We aimed herein to determine the role of corticosteroids in the acute management of migraine in the ED and outpatient care.

Methods

Advanced search strategies employing PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases inclusive of a relevant gray literature search was employed for Clinical Studies and Systematic Reviews by combining the terms “migraine” and “corticosteroids” spanning all previous years since the production of synthetic corticosteroids ca. 1950 until August 30, 2014. Methods were in accordance with MOOSE guidelines.

Results

Twenty-five studies ( n = 3989, median age 37.5 years, interquartile range or IQR 35–41 years; median male:female ratio 1:4.23, IQR 1:2.1–6.14; 52% ED-based, 56% randomized-controlled) and four systematic reviews were included. International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria were applied in 64%. Nineteen studies (76%) indicated observed outcome differences favoring benefits of corticosteroids, while six (24%) studies indicated non-inferior outcomes for corticosteroids. Median absolute risk reduction was 30% (range 6%–48.2%), and 11% (6%–48.6%) for 24-, and 72-hour headache recurrence, respectively. Parenteral dexamethasone was the most commonly (56%) administered steroid, at a median single dose of 10 mg (range 4–24 mg). All meta-analyses revealed efficacy of adjuvant corticosteroids to various abortive medications—indicating generalizability. Adverse effects were tolerable. Higher disability, status migrainosus, incomplete pain relief, and previous history of headache recurrence predicted outcome favorability.

Conclusions

Our literature review suggests that with corticosteroid treatment, recurrent headaches become milder than pretreated headaches and later respond to nonsteroidal therapy. Single-dose intravenous dexamethasone is a reasonable option for managing resistant, severe, or prolonged migraine attacks.
Universals of Treatment in Different Cultures. Some Notes on the Problems of Transcultural Group Analytic Training Programmes
Authors: Mendelssohn Felix
Published: January 2015

In this article I will attempt to bring together some of my own personal experiences of working in training programmes that serve to introduce group analysis—or to give it a firmer methodical and institutional foundation—in different cultures, political and social systems in other parts of the world. The question that often arises in this work is: what universal standards do we wish to uphold, regardless of where and with whom we are working? Where are we prepared to defer to ingrained cultural norms or other social givens than those in which we ourselves as trainers originally received our own training? In my view this is a delicate matter, since the danger on the one hand is of being excessively Eurocentric and taking our own standards as being universally applicable; on the other hand however, an overly multicultural approach—which may seem at first very accommodating to the various different norms that we are confronted with—may end up by depriving our discipline of its social and emancipatory thrust and ultimately merely confirming such local cultural norms rather than questioning them. I would suggest that one of the most valuable aspects of practical group analysis is its tendency to call into question all manner of social and cultural norms, whether related to age, gender, power, money or any other salient factor that structures social relationships.
The MID4 dataset, 2002–2010: Procedures, coding rules and description
Authors: Palmer Glenn , D’Orazio Vito , Kenwick Michael , Lane Matthew
Published: January 2015

Understanding the causes of interstate conflict continues to be a primary goal of the field of international relations. To that end, scholars continue to rely on large datasets of conflict in the international system. This paper introduces the latest iteration in the most widely used dataset on interstate conflicts, the Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) 4 data. In this paper we first outline the updated data-collection process for the MID4 data. Second, we present some minor changes and clarifications to the coding rules for the MID4 datasets, as well as pointing out how the MID coding procedures affect several notable “close call” cases. Third, we introduce updates to the existing MID datasets for the years 2002–2010 and provide descriptive statistics that allow comparisons of the newer MID data to prior versions. We also offer some best practices and point out several ways in which the new MID data can contribute to research in international conflict.
Transforming Employment-Oriented Adult Education to Foster Arendtian Action
Authors: Kreber Carolin
Published: January 2015

“Vocational education” and “community education” have evolved into largely separate fields. Bridges are reconstructed by adopting a view of vocation that recognizes the meaning people find in their work and the public value of the work they do. While these considerations underpin recent initiatives to revive a civic spirit among the “professions,” it is suggested that they apply across a much wider spectrum of occupations. Arendt’s theory of action serves as a lens from which to inquire into the nature of vocational practice when enacted as public and democratic deliberation with members of the community on important issues affecting their lives. The author concludes that, appropriately understood, vocational practice includes the facilitation of Arendtian action, thereby constituting a form of community education. The author furthermore suggests that modelling types of public pedagogy characteristic of community education would enrich vocational education and help foster practitioners’ capacity to act as civic agents.
Transnational regulation of temporary agency work compromised partnership between Private Employment Agencies and Global Union Federations
Authors: Cotton Elizabeth
Published: January 2015

This article critically assesses the potential for the international regulation of temporary agency work (TAW) through building partnership between the Global Union Federations (GUFs) and major Private Employment Agencies (PrEAs). Given the limits of existing national and international regulation of TAW, particularly in developing countries, and the current deadlock in dialogue through the International Labour Organization, the argument of this article is that Transnational Private Labour Regulation (TPLR) offers a unique opportunity to establish a basis for minimum standards for temporary agency workers. This article goes on to propose three potential TPLR frameworks that, although compromised, are transparent, fair and sufficiently elastic to accommodate the distributive and political risks associated with partnership. They also offer important gains, namely increasing the competitive advantage of the PrEAs involved, minimum standards for agency workers and ‘field enlarging’ strategies for the GUFs and their affiliates.
Preparation, zinc ion transport properties, and battery application based on poly(vinilydene fluoride-co-hexa fluoro propylene) polymer electrolyte system containing titanium dioxide nanofiller
Authors: Johnsi M , Suthanthiraraj S Austin
Published: January 2015

New nanocomposite polymer electrolytes have been synthesized by solution casting technique with a view to investigate detailed transport characteristics of a zinc (Zn2+) ion-conducting polymer electrolyte system, namely, poly(vinilydene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene):zinc triflate in the ratio of 75:25 dispersed with 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 wt% titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofiller, respectively. The particular polymer electrolyte specimen having 5 wt% TiO2 nanofiller exhibited the maximum electrical conductivity of 3.4 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature (298 K). Frequency response analysis in terms of conductivity and dielectric relaxation studies has been carried out in order to ascertain the possible movement of ions within the polymer matrix. The modulus spectra show the existence of a non-Debye type of relaxation occurring with a distribution of relaxation times. The Zn2+ ionic transport number has been determined to be approximately 0.57, thereby suggesting the predominant impact of Zn2+ ions toward the measured total electrical conductivity. Differential scanning calorimetric results have confirmed that with the loading of TiO2 nanofiller up to 5 wt%, glass transition temperature and degree of crystallinity of the polymer decrease but increase slightly beyond 5 wt% TiO2. The present X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed the occurrence of ion/filler interactions within the polymer network due to the dispersion of TiO2 nanofiller. Certain device characteristics have also been evaluated by fabricating an appropriate electrochemical cell based on Zn/manganese dioxide electrode couple as an area of application and examining relevant discharge features.
A field investigation into the effect of under sleeper pads on the reduction of railway-induced ground-borne vibrations
Authors: Ali Zakeri Jabbar , Esmaeili Morteza , Heydari-Noghabi Hamidreza
Published: January 2015

Train-induced vibrations have adverse effects on the structure of a track and its surroundings. It is thus necessary to study and control this issue through efficient measures. Special polyurethane pads that are placed under sleepers have been recently suggested as a solution to this problem. The use of these pads reduces vibrations at their source. These pads, called under sleeper pads (USPs), have numerous advantages and have found wide application in the railway industry. However, very few studies have been conducted on USPs; thus, this paper presents a field study that documents their effects on reducing vibration levels. Fifty stiff and 100 soft pads were prepared with the required technical and mechanical specifications. They were then installed onto concrete sleepers during the production process. These sleepers were installed at km-253 of the Mashhad–Tehran track. Train pass-by vibrations of passenger and freight trains were recorded using geophones placed at 0, 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19 m distances from each track axis (one track with and one without USPs). The results of the tests show that the maximum root-mean-square velocity was reduced by about 60%. Frequency analysis of the results demonstrates that the vibration reduction effect of the USPs appears above 40 Hz. The best efficiency levels of the USPs were observed in the range 40–80 Hz and the maximum USP efficiency occurred at the frequency of 50 Hz. At this specific frequency, the maximum vibration velocity level was decreased by more than 6.7 dB for all the considered distances (0, 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19 m).
Design and analysis of a composite energy-absorbing structure for use on railway vehicles
Authors: Xie Suchao , Liang Xifeng , Zhou Hui
Published: January 2015

Safety during railway vehicle collisions requires an excellent energy-absorbing ability of the structures of trains. In this paper, a new composite energy-absorbing structure is designed by combining the characteristics of a thin-walled metal structure and an aluminum honeycomb structure. A finite element model of the energy-absorbing structure is created using mechanical properties of the honeycomb structures simulated using material equivalent models. Structures with three types of aluminum honeycomb (honeycombs 1, 2 and 3, respectively) and without a honeycomb are numerically assessed. The results indicate that the entire structure generates an orderly deformation of the structure using the designed energy-absorbing system. The larger the extent of the plateau stress of the honeycomb, the greater is its contribution to the total energy dissipation of the entire structure. For the three energy-absorbing structures, honeycombs 1, 2 and 3, the energy absorbed by the honeycomb structure accounts for 18.03, 19.86 and 27.40 % of the total energy dissipation, respectively. The total energy dissipation of the energy-absorbing structure is also improved with an increase of the plateau stress of the honeycomb structure.
Mycobacterium haemophilum bone and joint infection in HIV/AIDS: case report and literature review
Authors: Cross Gail B , Le Quynh , Webb Brooke , Jenkin Grant A , Korman Tony M , Francis Michelle , Woolley Ian
Published: January 2015

We report a case of disseminated Mycobacterium haemophilum osteomyelitis in a patient with advanced HIV infection, who later developed recurrent immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after commencement of antiretroviral therapy. We review previous reports of M. haemophilum bone and joint infection associated with HIV infection and describe the management of M. haemophilum-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, including the role of surgery as an adjunctive treatment modality and the potential drug interactions between antiretroviral and antimycobacterial agents.
Sequential selection of variables using short permutation procedures and multiple adjustments: An application to genomic data
Authors: Azevedo Costa Marcelo , de Souza Rodrigues Thiago , da Costa André Gabriel FC , Natowicz René , Pádua Braga Antônio
Published: January 2015

This work proposes a sequential methodology for selecting variables in classification problems in which the number of predictors is much larger than the sample size. The methodology includes a Monte Carlo permutation procedure that conditionally tests the null hypothesis of no association among the outcomes and the available predictors. In order to improve computing aspects, we propose a new parametric distribution, the Truncated and Zero Inflated Gumbel Distribution. The final application is to find compact classification models with improved performance for genomic data. Results using real data sets show that the proposed methodology selects compact models with optimized classification performances.
“Being Mindful”
Authors: Patterson Pandora , McDonald Fiona E. J.
Published: January 2015

Purpose: Feelings of excitement and relief upon finishing cancer treatment are often juxtaposed with a time that can be challenging, distressing, and uncertain for adolescents and young adults (AYAs). The purpose of this study was to examine whether a mindful dispositional trait was associated with better adaptive outcomes for these young people. Methods: AYAs who had finished cancer treatment (N = 76; mean age, 18.5; years, SD, 3.4 years) completed questionnaires measuring mindfulness, psychological distress, and uncertainty around their cancer experience. A median split was performed based on the total scores for the mindfulness measure to establish high and low mindfulness groups. Results: No significant differences were found between these 2 groups on demographic or cancer variables. There were significant differences between the groups on the distress and uncertainty scores such that the higher mindfulness group reported significantly less distress and uncertainty. Conclusions: The current findings suggest the potential for a broader application of mindfulness to more fully assist young people throughout the whole pathway of cancer care.
Negotiating Your Syllabus
Authors: Kaplan David M. , Renard Monika K.
Published: January 2015

We provide instruction for engaging students in negotiating their course syllabus. In contrast to the common conceptualization of the syllabus as an instructor-determined contract, we involve our students in developing the collaborative contract under which they will be evaluated. We discuss our successful facilitation of this activity and how to (a) determine instructor readiness, (b) develop an initial offer syllabus, (c) negotiate with students, and (d) provide an enriching experience for instructor and students. The exercise works especially well in negotiation, conflict management, or labor relations courses, but can be reframed to fit any management course involving influence within organizations.
The Role of Positive Psychological States in Online Learning
Authors: Daspit Joshua J. , Mims T. C. , Zavattaro Staci M.
Published: January 2015

A majority of business schools and universities incorporate online pedagogy into curricula, yet scholars strive to understand the elements that influence student learning in these online communities. One framework that conceptualizes the elements of the online learning environment is the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework. The CoI suggests teaching, social, and cognitive presences exist in the online learning environment; however, the framework does not fully conceptualize how individual-level motivational factors influence student learning. Using positive psychology theory, we suggest the CoI framework include psychological capital (PsyCap) to capture positive student-level motivational states. Our analysis of students in online business courses finds that PsyCap is a distinct online presence. Specifically, we find that teaching presence significantly relates to PsyCap and that PsyCap significantly relates to both social and cognitive presences within the CoI. We offer implications for researchers and instructors interested in enhancing student-level PsyCap and learning outcomes in the online learning environment.
Protecting the Marriage Relationship During the Doctoral Journey
Authors: Rockinson-Szpakiw Amanda J. , Spaulding Lucinda S. , Knight Anita
Published: January 2015

With doctoral programs across disciplines experiencing perennially high attrition rates, in-depth examination of factors associated with doctoral persistence is necessary. A strong marital relationship is one factor found to be central to persistence in doctoral students. Thus, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the literature on marital satisfaction, quality, and stability in order to provide doctoral students and their partners strategies for nurturing and sustaining a solid marriage throughout the stress-inducing doctoral process. Recommendations are framed by the following four factors of the Sound Marital House: (a) marital friendship, (b) creating positive sentiment override, (c) regulating conflict, and (d) creating shared symbolic meaning.
Explaining Employment Hardiness Among Women in Israel’s Ultraorthodox Community
Authors: Kulik Liat
Published: January 2015

Based on a sample of 319 Israeli women belonging to the ultraorthodox Jewish community, this study examined factors that facilitate and inhibit the development of employment hardiness. The term employment hardiness refers to one aspect of me as a worker and reflects a self-perception characterized by three distinguishing components, that is, openness to change at work, employment self-efficacy, and work commitment. Facilitators of employment hardiness were manifested in the women’s personal and environmental resources as well as in their work-promoting attitudes (egalitarian gender-role ideology and work centrality). Conversely, the inhibitors were manifested in the participants’ experience of daily stress. Openness to change at work and employment self-efficacy were explained primarily by workplace support and by personal resources as reflected in psychological and community empowerment, whereas work commitment was explained primarily by work-promoting attitudes as well as by the experience of daily stress. Practical recommendations are presented for organizations employing ultraorthodox women as well as for employment counselors, which aim to enhance employment hardiness among traditional women in communities undergoing modernization.
Anterolateral Tibial Osteotomy for Accessing Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus in Autologous Osteochondral Transplantation
Authors: Gianakos Arianna L. , Hannon Charles P. , Ross Keir A. , Newman Hunter , Egan Christopher J. , Deyer Timothy W. , Kennedy John G.
Published: January 2015

Background:

Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is a primary treatment strategy for large or cystic osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) or a secondary replacement strategy after failed bone marrow stimulation. The technique requires perpendicular access to the talar dome, which is often difficult to obtain for posterior or lateral lesions. Traditional methods to access these areas have required disruption of the syndesmotic complex with concern over osteotomy reduction, malalignment, and ligament disruption. An alternate to these traditional methods of access is an anterolateral tibial osteotomy. The purpose of this study was to report functional and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes in a series of patients that underwent AOT for treatment of an OLT via an anterolateral tibial osteotomy.

Methods:

Records of patients that underwent an anterolateral tibial osteotomy for AOT were retrospectively reviewed. Pre- and postoperative Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores (FAOS) and demographic data were recorded. Magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) was used to assess morphologic state of tibial cartilage at the repair site of the osteotomy. Quantitative T2 mapping MRI was analyzed in the superficial and deep cartilage layers of the repair site of the osteotomy and in adjacent normal cartilage to serve as control tissue. Seventeen patients with a mean age of 36.9 (range, 17-76) years underwent anterolateral tibial osteotomy with a mean follow-up of 64 (range, 29 to 108) months. MOCART data were available in 9 of 17 patients, and quantitative T2 mapping was available in 6 patients.

Results:

FAOS significantly improved from an average 39.2 (range, 14 to 66) out of 100 points preoperatively to 81.2 (range, 19 to 98) postoperatively ( P < .01). The average MOCART score was 73.9 out of 100 points (range, 40 to 100). Quantitative T2 analysis demonstrated relaxation times that were not significantly different from the normal native cartilage in both the deep half and superficial half of interface repair tissue ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that the anterolateral tibial osteotomy was a reasonable alternative for accessing centrolateral or posterolateral OLT for AOT with limited morbidity associated with the osteotomy. The evidence demonstrated adequate osteotomy and cartilaginous healing with improvement in functional outcome scores at medium-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Assessment of adherence with oral anticancer agents in oncology clinical trials: A systematic review
Authors: Bergsbaken JJ , Eickhoff JC , Buss BA , Mably MS , Kolesar JM
Published: January 2015

Background

Despite recommendations for adherence reporting in clinical trials involving an oral anticancer agent, the frequency and methods of adherence reporting are inconsistent. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the frequency and type of adherence measures used in oncology and hematology clinical trials of oral anticancer agents and their association with study characteristics including quality, cancer type, stage and treatment type.

Design

PubMed was searched of all randomized controlled clinical trials assessing self-administered pharmacological interventions in patients with cancer and published over two years, between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012 were evaluated.

Results

We identified 70 publications in the PubMed database, comprising 45,118 total patients. Adherence reporting was present in 14 of 70 trials (20%); quantitative reporting was present in three of 70 trials (4%). Method of adherence assessment varied and included medication count, medication diaries and patient self-report. There was no association between adherence reporting and study quality or other study characteristics, although there was a trend towards increased reporting in breast cancer studies, with 46% of the studies reporting adherence ( p = 0.0621). In a preliminary analysis, hematology studies (mean Jadad score 2.19 ± 1.47) were found to have significantly lower quality when compared to non-hematology trials (mean Jadad score 3.39 ± 1.37, p = 0.0034).

Conclusion

This systematic review demonstrates adherence reporting in clinical trials of oral anticancer agents is infrequent. When reported, adherence was not associated with overall study quality or other study characteristics. Given the potential effects of non-adherence on study power and validity, adherence reporting should be encouraged in oncology and hematology clinical trials.
Sourdough lactic acid bacteria as antifungal and mycotoxin-controlling agents
Authors: Hassan Yousef I , Zhou Ting , Bullerman Lloyd B
Published: January 2015

Sourdough starter cultures are rich sources of endogenous lactic acid bacteria. The extended shelf lives of sourdough breads are attributed to a large array of organic acids and low-molecular-weight metabolites produced during the fermentation process. Different species belonging to the lactic acid bacteria group of microorganisms, mainly Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc, are increasingly gaining the attention as possible means for inhibiting mold growth in animal feed and human food chains. In addition, certain lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from sourdough starters were also shown to reduce mycotoxins concentrations in contaminated products either by binding or degradation. This short review will summarize the findings in this context that pertain to lactic acid bacteria isolated specifically from sourdough starters and acquaint the reader with the most recent advancements in this bio-preservation trend.
An Underexamined Inequality
Authors: Croft Alyssa , Schmader Toni , Block Katharina
Published: January 2015

Social psychological research has sought to understand and mitigate the psychological barriers that block women’s interest, performance, and advancement in male-dominated, agentic roles (e.g., science, technology, engineering, and math). Research has not, however, correspondingly examined men’s underrepresentation in communal roles, traditionally occupied by women (e.g., careers in health care, early childhood education, and domestic roles including child care). In this article, we seek to provide a roadmap for research on this underexamined inequality by (a) outlining the benefits of increasing men’s representation in communal roles; (b) reviewing cultural, evolutionary, and historical perspectives on the asymmetry in status assigned to men’s and women’s roles; and (c) articulating the role of gender stereotypes in creating social and psychological barriers to men’s interest and inclusion in communal roles. We argue that promoting equal opportunities for both women and men requires a better understanding of the psychological barriers to men’s involvement in communal roles.
Who should decide how much and what information is important in person-centred health care?
Authors: Kaltoft Mette Kjer , Bo Nielsen Jesper , Salkeld Glenn , Dowie Jack
Published: January 2015

Most guidelines for clinical practice, and especially those for the construction of decision support tools, assume that the individual person (the patient) needs to be in possession of information of particular sorts and amount in order to qualify as having made an ‘informed decision’. This often implicitly segues into the patient having made a ‘good decision’. In person-centred health care, whether, in what form, and with what weight, ‘information’ is included as a criterion of decision quality is a matter for the person involved, to decide in the light of their own values, preferences, and time and resource constraints.
Blunt traumatic celiac axis pseudoaneurysm: Multi detector computed tomography findings and endovascular management
Authors: De Boo Diederick W , Joseph Tim , Phan Tuan , Thomson KR
Published: January 2015

Blunt trauma to the abdomen resulting in celiac axis injury is uncommon, and we present the case of a 28-year-old male pedestrian hit by a car. Whole body multi detector computed tomography revealed a non-bleeding celiac axis pseudoaneurysm. The subsequent successful endovascular management is described.
The functions of seem and parecer in early medical writing
Authors: Almeida Francisco Alonso
Published: January 2015

This article studies the function of the verbs seem and parecer with an evidential meaning in early medical writing in a time span of two centuries (1500–1700). The texts for analysis are excerpted from the Corpus of Early Modern English Medical Texts in the case of English and the Corpus diacrónico del español ( CORDE) in the case of Spanish. My hypothesis is that the forms seem and parecer are mainly evidential rather than epistemic, as suggested in the works of Johansson and Aijmer, since they primarily report on the speaker’s role in the formulation of predication. In this sense, the use of seem shows the way in which information has been obtained. Source of knowledge identification and attribution are important in medical prose because writers tend to make manifest that their information is based on demonstrable grounds, including inferential processes. My notion of evidentiality draws on the work of Cornillie and is essentially disjunctive. This means that the association of mode/source of knowledge with varying degrees of certainty and truth does not always take place. This study also allows for cross-cultural and cross-linguistic conclusions in terms of frequency, motivation and use of these evidential verbs in historical texts.
Mode decoupling concepts of an engine mount system for practical application
Authors: Angrosch Bernhard , Plöchl Manfred , Reinalter Werner
Published: January 2015

In recent years, appropriate engine mount system design has become increasingly important due to a consistent trend towards lighter car bodies combined with more power-intensive engines and often lower idle speed. Decoupling dominant vibration directions of the engine-gearbox assembly (EGA) from input excitation direction, in particular based on elastic axis decoupling and torque roll axis decoupling concepts, are often referred to in literature. However, their practical application remains scarce. Hence, multi-body system dynamics simulation and numerical optimization is used in order to introduce an easily applicable implementation of the referred concepts. Therefore, the modal kinetic energy distribution of the EGA with respect to physical directions is considered. Effects of coupling or decoupling of EGA eigenmodes regarding engine-excited (e.g. from engine run-up or idling) as well as road-induced vibrations (e.g. from rough road or cobblestones) are addressed in an engine mount system parameter design study for a small-sized engine. Decoupling modal kinetic energy fractions of all rigid body modes considerably reduces effects from engine-excited vibrations, while strong coupling might offer benefits for road-induced vibrations. As modal kinetic energy fractions can easily be varied by means of optimization and/or by using findings from correlation coefficients derived with design of experiment methods, the adaptation of design parameters (mount positions and inclinations, stiffnesses, and loss angles) is possible in a quite straightforward manner for an effective compromise.
Differentiated party response: The effect of Euroskeptic public opinion on party positions
Authors: Williams Christopher , Spoon Jae-Jae
Published: January 2015

Do parties respond to voters’ preferences on European integration in elections to the European Parliament? In this article, we argue that political parties do respond to voters’ Euroskeptic attitudes, but that party type conditions responsiveness. In particular, we posit that larger parties are more responsive and that governing parties are less responsive to aggregate Euroskepticism. To test our theoretical expectations, we use data from the Euromanifestos Project and European Election Study from 1989 to 2009 for 252 parties across 26 European Union Member States. Our findings have important implications for understanding democratic representation in the European Union and the second-order nature of elections to the European Parliament.