bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projected changes in rainfall and temperature over the Philippines from multiple dynamical downscaling models
Authors: Villafuerte Marcelino Q. , Macadam Ian , Daron Joseph , Katzfey Jack , Cinco Thelma A. , Ares Emma D. , Jones Richard G.
Published: September 2019

To help meet increasing demands for high‐resolution climate change projections in the Philippines, this study provides the results of multiple dynamically downscaled climate model simulations for projected changes in rainfall and temperature over the country by the mid‐21st century (2036–2065) relative to the baseline period (1971–2000), under the RCP8.5 scenario. The model‐simulated seasonal means of temperature, rainfall, and low‐level wind patterns were first compared with observations during the baseline period. Comparisons made between the model‐derived and APHRODITE observation‐based gridded temperature and rainfall data indicate that the dynamically downscaled simulations provide an overall improvement from their driving global climate models in capturing the spatial patterns of rainfall over the country, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of the country's mean temperature. Future climate projections show that the country's climate is expected to become warmer by the mid‐21st century, with a multi‐model ensemble mean increase of 1.2 to 1.9°C, relative to the baseline period, projected for many parts of the country and across most seasons. Slightly higher increases are projected during the country's hottest season, March–April–May. However, there are large differences in the models' projected rainfall changes by the mid‐21st century across seasons and regions. For most parts of the country, the multi‐model ensemble includes simulations that show increases and simulations that show decreases in rainfall. Nevertheless, there is a tendency of model projections towards wetter conditions over northern and central sections of the country (particularly in the December–January–February season) and drier conditions in the southern region of the country in almost all seasons. The results demonstrate the need for communities in the Philippines to adapt to a future warmer climate and prepare for a range of possible future changes in rainfall and temperature.
Efficacy and Safety of Ablative Resurfacing With A High‐Energy 1,064 Nd‐YAG Picosecond‐domain Laser for the Treatment of Facial Acne Scars in Asians
Authors: Dai Ying‐Xiu , Chuang Ying‐Yen , Chen Po‐Yu , Chen Chih‐Chiang
Published: September 2019

Objectives

There have been few studies regarding the use of a picosecond‐domain laser for acne scars in Asians. This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a high‐energy 1,064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond‐domain laser for ablation and resurfacing of facial acne scars in Asians.

Methods

Subjects were treated with a 1,064 nm picosecond laser (8 mm spot, 0.7–1.0 J/cm2, 5 Hz) every 4 weeks for three sessions. Two blinded dermatologists evaluated the pre‐ and 3‐month post‐treatment images with a 10‐point improvement scale. Subject pain, global improvement, and satisfaction were also assessed. The Facial Acne Scar Quality of Life (FASQoL) questionnaire was used to evaluate the subjects’ quality of life.

Results

Twenty subjects aged 18–50 years with Fitzpatrick skin type III–V were enrolled. The median dermatologist‐rated improvement score was 3 out of 10. Subjects were satisfied to very satisfied with global improvement. Subjects’ quality of life significantly improved with a median FASQoL score of 10 after treatment compared with 21 before treatment (P < 0.001). Adverse effects were limited to erythema, pain, and edema without postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Conclusions

The 1,064 nm picosecond‐domain laser with ablative resurfacing parameters is safe and effective for the treatment of acne scars in Asians. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Culture of attached and suspended Rhodopseudomonas faecalis in the presence of decomposing fish feed
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Liu Xingguo , Lu Shimin , Liu Chong , Gu Zhaojun , Zeng Xianlei , Ni Qi
Published: September 2019

An approach to culturing attached and suspended forms of Rhodopseudomonas faecalis by using compound fish feed with tap water in transparent containers is reported in this study. The ratio of fish feed to tap water was 14.3–50.8 g/L, and no other inoculum or substances were added during the culture process. When the ratio of fish feed to tap water was 14.3 g/L, the highest total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total dissolved carbon content recorded in the water in the containers were approximately 730 mg/L, 356 mg/L, and 1,620 mg/L, respectively, during the process of feed decay. Comamonas, Rhodopseudomonas, and Clostridium successively dominated during the culture process. Rhodopseudomonas was the most common dominant genus in both the attached and suspended forms when the water was dark red, and the relative operational taxonomic unit abundance reached 80‒89% and 24.8%, respectively. The dominant species was R. faecalis. The maximum thickness of attached bacteria and the biomass of attached Rhodopseudomonas reached up to 0.56 mm and 7.5 mg/cm2, respectively. This study provides a method for the mass culture of Rhodopseudomonas by using the fermentation of aquatic compound fish feed.
A modified feed U‐slot patch antenna array for airborne very high frequency ice‐penetrating radar
Authors: Awasthi Abhishek K. , Yan Jie‐Bang , Hale Rick , Harish Ayyangar Ranganath , Gogineni Siva Prasad
Published: September 2019

This article presents a 3 × 2 element U‐slot patch antenna array with modified feed for airborne very high frequency applications. The antenna array is designed to upgrade the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder/Imager on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration DC‐8 aircraft. The antenna array is placed in an aerodynamic fairing structure designed for airborne operation. The major objective is to design an antenna array with a wider impedance bandwidth compared to the existing array. Impedance bandwidth improvement is achieved in two steps. First step is by increasing the bandwidth of antenna element itself and the second step is by utilizing the mutual coupling between the elements of the array. To avoid the problem associated with a rigid probe feed, a modified flexible feed is designed, which can withstand the atmospheric and aerodynamic forces at high altitudes. A matching network is used at each antenna element in this array to further improve the impedance matching. The final antenna array with fairing structure achieved a fractional bandwidth of the 62.5% at center frequency of 243.75 MHz.
A miniaturized implantable planar inverted‐F antenna for biotelemetry applications at 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band
Authors: Wu Qiu‐Hai , Xuan Xiu‐Wei , Wang Wei , Li Kun , Zhao Hai‐Bo
Published: September 2019

This letter proposes an implantable planar inverted‐F antenna for biotelemetry applications, which operates at 2.4 GHz‐2.48 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band. The antenna is miniaturized by loading a shorting metal surface between the radiating patch and the ground. Moreover, biocompatible substrate‐superstrate layers are used to achieve low specific absorption rate (SAR). We study the performance of antennas at different implant depths. The simulated and measured results show the proposed antenna has higher realized gain of −4.5 dB at 2.45 GHz. The impedance bandwidth (−10 dB) of 180 MHz (2.34 GHz‐2.52 GHz) can be obtained. Moreover, this antenna has a lower SAR value of 113.5 W/kg for a 1‐g standard, which satisfies the regulations in the IEEE standard.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Reduction Using an Exclusive Human‐Milk Diet and Probiotic Supplementation in Infants With 1000–1499 Gram Birth Weight
Authors: Sato Ray , Malai Solyvattey , Razmjouy Behzad
Published: September 2019

Background

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major complication confronting clinicians caring for premature infants. This investigation compares clinical outcomes before and after quality improvement–program interventions in a population of premature infants at intermediate risk for NEC.

Methods

This study is a retrospective single‐center chart review of infants admitted with a birth weight of 1000–1499 g, excluding major congenital anomalies, over a 6‐year period, beginning with implementation of a donor breast‐milk program when mother's own milk was not available. Infants were separated into 2 epochs, before (July 2012–December 2013) and after (April 2014–June 2018) introduction of human milk–derived fortifier (Prolacta) and a daily probiotic (FloraBABY) supplement.

Results

Comparing 140 preintervention infants with 265 postintervention infants, NEC was significantly lower in the postintervention group: 5.2% vs 1.1% (P = 0.046). Somatic growth was similar in both epochs.

Conclusions

Quality‐improvement initiatives utilizing an exclusive human‐milk diet and daily probiotic supplementation were associated with a decreased incidence of NEC in infants with a birth weight of 1000–1499 g. Implementation of the NEC reduction bundle did not affect infant growth.
Leaving the Slip System ‐ Cross Slip in Continuum Dislocation Dynamics
Authors: Weger Benedikt , Hochrainer Thomas
Published: September 2019

Dislocations are the main contributors to plastic deformation of crystalline materials. An important step towards the description of hardening behavior is the consideration of cross slip, as it drives the exchange of dislocations between slip systems, thus playing a major role in dislocation multiplication or annihilation. In density based continuum theories of dislocations, dislocations are usually considered closed curves within their slip planes. Recent discrete dislocation dynamics simulations, however, suggest that only a small fraction of dislocations is actually closed on a single slip system, due to cross slip and dislocation reactions. We therefore investigate how the kinematics of moving open curves can be considered in dislocation density based models. The assumption of open planar curves leads to modified evolution equations for the dislocation state variables. These extended evolution equations are presented for the theory of geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) and for the higher dimensional continuum dislocation dynamics theory (hdCDD). The resulting equations are checked for plausibility by numerical calculations using the finite volume method.
On the change of the reference configuration and its application within FEM simulations
Authors: Landgraf Ralf , Ihlemann Jörn
Published: September 2019

Within numerical simulations of mechanical systems, not only the geometry, boundary conditions, the material behavior and the included material parameters have to defined. Beyond that, initial conditions have to be set properly in order to define the initial state of the material. In this contribution, two different examples of proper definition of initial values are regarded and their impact on the simulation results is discussed. The first example is devoted to models including elasto‐ or viscoplastic material behavior. Here initial values of plastic internal variables enable the consideration of the loading history. Thereby, a change of the reference configuration has to be taken into account. The second example highlights the impact of initial values for the temperature and similar physical properties that control the initial volume of a material with volume‐changing capabilities (like heat expansion, swelling or polymerization shrinkage).
Perceived stress, executive function, perceived stress regulation, and behavioral outcomes of adolescents with and without significant behavior problems
Authors: Cumming Michelle M. , Smith Stephen W. , O'Brien Kristen
Published: September 2019

Despite school‐based services, adolescents with maladaptive behavior experience negative outcomes, highlighting the need for insight into factors that contribute to and escalate behavior problems during middle school—a high‐risk period. We examined how perceived school stress, stress regulation (engagement/disengagement coping, involuntary responses), and executive function of 79 middle schoolers with and without significant behavior problems were related to internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Results showed students with significant behavior problems (a) had lower executive function abilities and higher peer stress, (b) used less engagement coping, and (c) reported more maladaptive behaviors than typical peers. For all students, school‐based stress positively predicted behavior problems and use of stress regulation techniques, with group moderating effects. Involuntary responses to stress positively predicted maladaptive behaviors, whereas engagement/disengagement coping predicted internalizing behaviors only. As a mediator, engagement coping decreased the relationship between perceived stress and behavior problems. Based on these findings, we highlight important prevention and intervention areas.
Pendant side‐chain sterics against electrostatic forces: Influencing short‐range ordering in random polyelectrolytes
Authors: Nwosu Chinomso , Coughlin E. Bryan
Published: September 2019

The length of pendant side chains in charged, random, comb‐shaped polymers dictates the nature of their short‐range ordering. Random copolymers, and terpolymer, of 4‐vinylpyridine (4VP), styrene, and isoprene were synthesized and subsequently fully quaternized with 1‐alkylbromides having varying number of carbons on the alkyl group ranging from 2 to 8. Evaluation by wide angle X‐ray scattering revealed that dipole–dipole attraction facilitates the formation of ionomer cluster morphology in samples with two carbons on the pendant side chain, whereas for samples with four or more carbons on the pendant side chains, side‐chain sterics was dominant resulting in periodic backbone spacing. Copolymers with isoprene, having flexible backbones, favor the formation of ionomer cluster morphology while styrene copolymers having rigid backbones disfavor the formation of ionomer clusters. An “in‐line” dipole model was developed to predict the separation distance at which both ionomer cluster and backbone–backbone morphologies could coexist. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1325–1336
The prognostic impact of downgrading and upgrading from biopsy to radical prostatectomy among men with Gleason score 7 prostate cancer
Authors: Jang Won Sik , Koh Dong Hoon , Kim Jongchan , Lee Jong Soo , Chung Doo Yong , Ham Won Sik , Rha Koon Ho , Choi Young Deuk
Published: September 2019

Background

Recently, a new prostate cancer (PC) grading system was introduced, where Gleason score (GS) 7 was divided into 3 + 4 = 7 and 4 + 3 = 7 due to the different prognoses associated with each tumor type. However, whether downgrading or upgrading from needle biopsy (NB) to radical prostatectomy (RP) affects oncologic outcomes is currently unknown. Herein, we investigated the prognostic impact of downgrading and upgrading from NB to RP among men with GS 7 PC.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3003 patients with localized PC who underwent RP between 2005 and 2014. We included 692 patients with GS 7 PC on both NB and RP specimens. We analyzed the data using Kaplan‐Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Of the 692 patients enrolled in this study, 389 (56.2%) and 303 (43.8%) patients had RP GS 3 + 4 = 7 and RP GS 4 + 3 = 7 PC, respectively. On the basis of NB and RP GS, 264 (38.1%), 125 (18.1%), 142 (20.5%), and 161 (23.3%) patients were classified as 3 + 4/3 + 4, 4 + 3/3 + 4, 3 + 4/4 + 3, and 4 + 3/4 + 3, respectively. Kaplan‐Meier curves showed significant differences in biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival across the groups (P < .001). In the multivariate analyses, these groups were significantly associated with BCR (4 + 3/3 + 4: hazard ratio [HR], 1.675; 3 + 4/4 + 3: HR, 1.908; and 4 + 3/4 + 3: HR, 2.699).

Conclusions

Downgrading and upgrading from NB to RP was an independent predictor of BCR in men with GS 7 PC, which could be due to the amount of Gleason pattern 4.
Nanoparticle Dynamics in Oxide‐Based Memristive Devices
Authors: Tappertzhofen Stefan , Di Martino Giuliana , Hofmann Stephan
Published: September 2019

In microelectronics, a device's functionality is shaped by its interfaces. While classical semiconductor research aims for the preparation of nearly ideal interfaces, the emerging paradigm is that new functionalities can arise from interfaces with less perfection. Memristive devices rely on the control of such less‐perfect interfaces. They are the building blocks for a new range of applications, including new memory and logic architectures and neuromorphic computing. Research on memristive systems and applications demands an interdisciplinary approach across disciplines, including solid‐state physics, electrochemistry, and biochemistry. Advanced metrology is the key for better understanding and finally a better control of such interfaces and novel device technologies. Herein, the authors highlight such recent advances in characterization and the understanding of electrochemical reactions on the (sub‐) nanoscale and the dynamics of the nanoparticles and clusters involved during operation of memristive devices acting as a model system. The authors focus particularly on in operando real‐time monitoring of the memristive switching effect by transmission electron microscopy and a novel plasmon‐enhanced spectroscopy method.
Impact of a sharp, small‐scale SST front on the marine atmospheric boundary layer on the Iroise Sea: Analysis from a hectometric simulation
Authors: Redelsperger J.‐L. , Bouin M.‐N. , Pianezze J. , Garnier V. , Marié L.
Published: September 2019

The impact of a sharp, small‐scale sea‐surface temperature (SST) front located in the Iroise Sea off the northwestern coast of France on the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is investigated using a realistic very high‐resolution numerical simulation. The modelling configuration is based on a two‐way nesting of the atmospheric model Meso‐NH over three embedded domains, with horizontal resolution of 100 m in the central domain. The outer mesoscale domain is initialized and forced on its lateral boundaries with the operational analyses of Météo‐France. A high‐resolution, realistic SST field from the Model for Application at Regional Scale (MARS) 3D is used as surface forcing. This configuration has been carefully designed to accurately represent this weak‐wind situation highly inhomogeneous in space and time, with wind flowing from the warm to the cold side of the front. The impacts include a slight modification of the thermal structure of the MABL, and a strong and rapid decrease of the wind speed, wind stress and turbulent heat fluxes. Conversely to previously published work, the coupling of the wind stress with the SST is largely related to atmospheric stability effects rather than to the change of the surface wind speed. This is attributed to the conjunction of the weak wind speed around 3 m s−1 and of the narrowness of the front resulting in relatively strong advection. These characteristics explain the momentum budget with strong change of the turbulent mixing over a shorter length‐scale than the pressure adjustment mechanism and the Coriolis term. The deceleration and counter‐clockwise veering of the near‐surface wind over colder water is consistent with previous work. Its attribution to turbulent mixing via a thermal stratification change in the context of a realistic study of a sharp front is a novel result.
Peptidyl‐Lys metalloendopeptidase (Lys‐N) purified from dry fruit of Grifola frondosa demonstrates “mirror”digestion property with lysyl endopeptidase (Lys‐C)
Authors: Zhao Mingzhi , Hao Bingbing , Li Honghao , Cai Man , Xie Jingjing , Liu Hongyu , Tan Minjia , Zhai Linhui , Yu Qun
Published: September 2019

Rationale

Lys‐N, also known as lysine‐specific metalloendopeptidase, functions as the “sister” enzyme of lysyl endopeptidase (Lys‐C) in proteomic research. Its digestion specificity at the N‐terminal lysine residue makes it a very useful tool in proteomics analysis, especially in mass spectrometry (MS)‐based de novo sequencing of proteins.

Methods

Here we present a complete production process of highly purified Lys‐N from dry fruit of Grifola frondosa (maitake mushroom). The purification process includes one step of microfiltration plus one step of UF/DF (ultrafiltration used in tandem with a diafiltration method) recovery and four steps of chromatographic purification.

Results

The overall yield of the process was approximately 6.7 mg Lys‐N protein/kg dry fruit of G. frondosa. The assay data demonstrated that the purified Lys‐N exhibited high enzymatic activity and specificity.

Conclusions

The novel production process provides for the first time the extraction of Lys‐N from dry fruit of G. frondosa. The process is also stable and scalable, and provides an economic way of producing the enzyme in large quantities for MS‐based proteomics and other biological studies.
Separated Tellurium Nanoparticles Confined in Hollow Polypyrrole for High Performance Li‐Te Cathode
Authors: Wang Deqiang , Tian Qi , Yang Lin , Kuang Shuai , Jin Rencheng , Yue Hailong , Wang Guangming , Wang Qingyao , Gao Shanmin
Published: September 2019

An innovative method for the fabrication of separated tellurium nanoparticles inside the hollow polypyrrole (PPy) has been developed. The polypyrrole effectively confines the Te nanoparticles through C−Te and C−Te‐N bonds and improves the conductivity and structural integrity. The unique Te/PPy architecture is proved to achieve good reversible specific capacity of 178.2 mAh g−1 (1112 mAh cm−3) at 100 mA g−1 and high rate capacity (98.4 mAh g−1 at the current density of 1600 mA g−1) when evaluated as cathode for Li−Te batteries.
A Critical Insight into Biomass Derived Biosorbent for Bioremediation of Dyes
Authors: Ravindiran Gokulan , Ganapathy Ganesh Prabhu , Josephraj Jegan , Alagumalai Avinash
Published: September 2019

Organic pollutants, such as dyes released during industrial operations are one of the major reasons for the degradation of water quality. However, treatment technologies to remediate these high volumes of wastewaters are often not sufficient. Hence, the excess dye wastewater generated is usually discharged without prior treatment. The use of adsorbents such as activated carbon is widely employed to separate dye molecules from wastewater. Biochar is a popular recent alternative for the treatment of dye‐bearing effluents to selectively isolate dye molecules. Biochar is normally manufactured in the oxygen free environment by thermal degradation of organic materials. On the other hand, dyes are extensively employed in many textile industries because of their desirable properties including attractive colour, water‐fast and easy application methods. Nevertheless, during the dyeing process of cellulose fibres around half of the applied dyes may enter the wash water, and these let outs are highly resistant to traditional wastewater treatment methods. Henceforth, new techniques need to be applied for successful remediation of dye wastewaters. In this perspective, an endeavor has been made in this work to explore the possibility and practicability of biochar as sorbent material for dyes.
Enhancing STEM Teaching and Learning at HBCUs: A Focus on Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Lee Jennifer Y. , Khalil Deena , Boykin A. Wade
Published: September 2019

By drawing on data from two studies, we describe how a strategic partnership between student affairs professionals and faculty researchers supported the expansion of a K‐12 engagement‐focused teaching and learning model to one that could support undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learners. The model was successfully implemented at the undergraduate level in both formal and informal STEM learning settings. We conclude by offering a Student Engagement Index as a tool that can support higher education professionals to engage HBCU students in both formal and informal STEM learning spaces.
Developing Work‐Based Geosciences Learning Opportunities in a Hispanic‐Serving Institution
Authors: Sansone Vanessa A. , Núñez Anne‐Marie , Haschenburger J. K. , Godet Alexis , Gray Walter , Suarez Marina B. , Birnbaum Stuart , Young David
Published: September 2019

Hispanic‐Serving Institutions (HSIs) play a key role in diversifying the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics workforce. This chapter provides an overview of a funded National Science Foundation (NSF) grant program that incorporates learning and work in an effort to address racial/ethnic underrepresentation in the field of geosciences. Observations also demonstrate the importance of engaging student affairs with academic affairs in such a program to address the diverse needs of students at HSIs.
Choline elevation in amygdala region at recovery indicates longer survival without depressive episode: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Henigsberg Neven , Savić Aleksandar , Radoš Marko , Radoš Milan , Šarac Helena , Šečić Ana , Bajs Janović Maja , Foro Tamara , Ozretić David , Erdeljić Turk Viktorija , Hrabač Pero , Kalember Petra
Published: September 2019

Rationale

Depression, with variable longitudinal patterns, recurs in one third of patients. We lack useful predictors of its course/outcome, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of brain metabolites is an underused research modality in finding outcome correlates.

Objectives

To determine if brain metabolite levels/changes in the amygdala region observed early in the recovery phase indicate depression recurrence risk in patients receiving maintenance therapy.

Methods

Forty-eight patients on stable-dose antidepressant (AD) maintenance therapy were analyzed from recovery onset until (i) recurrence of depression or (ii) start of AD discontinuation. Two 1H-MRS scans (6 months apart) were performed with a focus on amygdala at the beginning of recovery. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing metabolites (Cho), and Glx (glutamine/glutamate and GABA) were evaluated with regard to time without recurrence, and risks were assessed by Cox proportional hazard modeling.

Results

Twenty patients had depression recurrence, and 23 patients reached AD discontinuation. General linear model repeated measures analysis displayed three-way interaction of measurement time, metabolite level, and recurrence on maintenance therapy, in a multivariate test, Wilks’ lambda = 0.857, F(2,40) = 3.348, p = 0.045. Cho levels at the beginning of recovery and subsequent changes convey the highest risk for earlier recurrence. Patients experiencing higher amygdala Cho after recovery are at a significantly lower risk for depression recurrence (hazard ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.77).

Conclusion

Cho levels/changes in the amygdala early in the recovery phase correlate with clinical outcome. In the absence of major NAA fluctuations, changes in Cho and Glx may suggest a shift towards reduction in (previously increased) glutamatergic neurotransmission. Investigation of a larger sample with greater sampling frequency is needed to confirm the possible predictive role of metabolite changes in the amygdala region early in the recovery phase.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Pulmonary Resection for Lung Cancer Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yamamoto Yoko , Kanzaki Ryu , Kanou Takashi , Ose Naoko , Funaki Soichiro , Minami Masato , Shintani Yasushi
Published: September 2019

Background

The survival outcome in lung cancer patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been well evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival outcomes following non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgery in patients with CKD as a preoperative comorbidity.

Methods

Among 671 patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC between 2007 and 2014 at our hospital, 55 (8%) had CKD and we retrospectively analyzed the survival outcomes of these patients.

Results

Most patients with CKD were elderly and male. Patients with CKD had a higher frequency of smoking habit, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary diseases, and a notably lower pulmonary function, resulting in receiving limited pulmonary resection. There were no marked differences in the frequency of surgical complications between patients with and without CKD (p = 0.16). Squamous cell carcinoma was more frequently diagnosed in patients with CKD than in those without it. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates in patients with and without CKD were 60.0% and 69.7% (p = 0.06), respectively, and the 5‐year overall survival rates were 68.9% and 80.0%, respectively, showing significant differences (p = 0.01). The rate of receiving supportive care was higher in patients with CKD when recurrence observed.

Conclusion

CKD is associated with a poorer overall survival in patients who undergo lung cancer resection for recurrent disease. As patients with CKD tend to have a poor respiratory function, thoracic surgeons should carefully select the resection type to balance the therapeutic benefit and invasiveness.
Modeling diffusion processes in the presence of a diffuse layer at charged mineral surfaces: a benchmark exercise
Authors: Tournassat Christophe , Steefel Carl I.
Published: September 2019

The electrostatic properties of clay mineral surfaces play a significant role in their diffusion properties. The negative electrostatic potential field at clay mineral surfaces results in the presence of a diffuse layer that balances the mineral surface charge. The diffusion properties of the porosity fraction that is affected by this phenomenon are different from the diffusion properties of electroneutral bulk water. These properties have attracted growing interest from diverse communities in the past years, especially in the field of study of radioactive waste disposal. The influence of the diffuse layer can be described at the continuum scale by a set of equations that are formulated in terms of the Nernst-Planck equation. The number of codes that can handle the coupling between transport properties in clay affected by the presence of a diffuse layer in the porosity and chemical reactions is very limited, and no benchmark exercises have been published yet that make it possible to validate the numerical implementation of these equations in reactive transport codes. The present study proposes a set of benchmark exercises of increasing complexity that highlight caveats related to the finite difference (volume) treatment of the Nernst-Planck equation in the presence of a diffuse layer in heterogeneous systems. Once these problems are identified and solved, the codes PHREEQC, CrunchClay, and a new Fortran routine written for this study gave results in very good agreement for most of the benchmark exercises. When present, the differences in results were directly traceable to the differences in averaging methods at grid cell boundaries, and to the consideration or the omission of the activity gradient term in the Nernst-Planck equation.
The Essence of Intellectual Property Rights Under Article 17(2) of the EU Charter
Authors: Husovec Martin
Published: September 2019

Smoking kills. It is also very costly, which is why many governments try to change the habits of their citizens, including by changing the packaging of the products they buy. Of course, tobacco firms are pushing against such laws. They see their rights, in particular, rights to intellectual property, violated. They argue that such legislative changes take away the essence of their hard-earned IP rights and should not be permissible. They point out that the CJEU is allegedly redefining the “essence” of fundamental rights and its function in the system of limitations and developing a set of core inviolable rights.

How justified are these arguments? The absolute theory of essence says that the essence of rights cannot be interfered with or taken away, including by the legislator. The relative theory of essence, on the other hand, claims that interference with essence is just a more serious interference which is still subject to the typical proportionality analysis. Therefore, the adoption of either of these two theories has profound consequences. What might constitute the essence of intellectual property rights? When are legislators touching upon it? Is the CJEU really advancing a notion of essence that can prevent legislative changes, or at least make them very difficult? The answer to all these questions depends on our understanding of what constitutes the “essence” of intellectual property rights, and what consequences this notion has under Article 17(2) of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
ARBITRAGE BETWEEN CONSUMPTION AND SAVING FOR BEQUEST: THE ROLE OF SUBJECTIVE EXPECTED SURVIVAL AND SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF LIFE, SOUTH KOREA 2008–2014
Authors: Bonneuil Noël , Kim Younga
Published: September 2019

Arbitrage between consumption and saving occurs in a context of an aging society where family solidarity is deteriorating. Maximizing inter-temporal utility makes it possible to calculate the preference for saving. The arbitrage involves subjective satisfaction with the quality of life, anticipated survival, and consumption profiles. Simultaneous equations based on the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging, 2006–2014 (10,205 adults aged 45 and over) show that the preference for saving is determined only by and through these endogenous variables, with no other direct socioeconomic effects. People spending more money in education are those with the highest preference for saving. Socioeconomic variables influence the preference for saving in agreement to the economic theory of the life cycle, but through the structured filter of endogenous subjective variables and consumption profiles.
ON COMPACT HOMOGENEOUS -MANIFOLDS
Authors: GLOBKE WOLFGANG
Published: September 2019

We prove that among all compact homogeneous spaces for an effective transitive action of a Lie group whose Levi subgroup has no compact simple factors, the seven-dimensional flat torus is the only one that admits an invariant torsion-free $\text{G}_{2(2)}$-structure.
Dreaming through the Ages: Towards a Global History of Utopian and Dystopian Thought
Authors: Efstathiou Christos
Published: September 2019

For the five hundred years since Thomas More first depicted the island of Utopia, the portrayal of an ideal social system has intrigued generations of authors. The concept served a double purpose: it applied to an ideal place (eutopia) but also an imaginary, unrealizable one (utopia). Although the search for utopia started from the Classical Age, More invented the genre and hundreds of utopian thinkers followed in his footsteps trying to predict how life would unfold and provide a detailed description of an ideal (or nonideal) future society. From H. G. Wells and Aldous Huxley to Arthur C. Clarke and Ursula Le Guin, successful and popular authors showed a deep concern for future living and working conditions. If the past is another country, the growing literature of utopian thought suggests that the future can be a whole continent. Several undiscovered countries lay in waiting and intellectual historians have often been fascinated by the dense explorations of the utopian writers.
Chefs as change-makers from the kitchen: indigenous knowledge and traditional food as sustainability innovations
Authors: Pereira Laura M. , Calderón-Contreras Rafael , Norström Albert V. , Espinosa Dulce , Willis Jenny , Guerrero Lara Leonie , Khan Zayaan , Rusch Loubie , Correa Palacios Eduardo , Pérez Amaya Ovidio
Published: September 2019

Non-technical abstract

Projections of a burgeoning population coupled with global environmental change offer an increasingly dire picture of the state of the world's food security in the not-too-distant future. But how can we transform the current food system to become more sustainable, more equitable and more just? We identify kitchens as sites of transformative innovation in the food system where cooks and chefs can leverage traditional food knowledge about local food species to create delicious and nutritious dishes. Achieving a sustainable food system is a grand challenge, one where cooks in particular are stepping forward as innovators to find solutions.
Pneumonisches Infiltrat – nicht immer eine bakterielle Infektion
Authors: Laube Irène , Thurnheer Robert
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung. Eine 65-jährige Patientin mit bekanntem kontrolliertem Asthma wurde mit der Diagnose einer ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie («community-acquired pneumonia») wegen fehlendem Ansprechen auf Antibiotika zur weiteren Abklärung zugewiesen. Klinische Begleitsymptome und Laborbefunde liessen den Verdacht auf eine seltene Vaskulitis aufkommen, die eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA). Die Diagnose und Behandlung stellen eine Herausforderung dar, besonders beim Mitbefall vitaler Organe.
Stationäre Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa
Authors: Naab Silke , Fumi Markus , Schlegl Sandra , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung. Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa betreffen vor allem Jugendliche sowie junge Erwachsene, wobei das Ersterkrankungsalter sinkt, und bei Anorexia nervosa bereits 8-Jährige betroffen sein können. Häufig ist der Verlauf chronisch und kann sowohl schwere körperliche als auch psychische Komorbiditäten nach sich ziehen. Schlimmstenfalls enden Essstörungen tödlich (je nach Schweregrad der Erkrankung Mortalitätsraten bis zu 15 % bei Anorexia nervosa). Ein frühzeitiger Therapiebeginn geht mit einer verbesserten Prognose einher, weshalb die rasche Diagnosestellung von großer Bedeutung ist. Wesentlich hierfür ist die sichere Kenntnis der Diagnosekriterien sowie der essstörungstypischen Folgen. Es werden Aspekte der Symptomatik, Diagnostik, Differentialdiagnostik, Epidemiologie, Pathogenese, Funktionalität, sowie Therapiemöglichkeiten und eigene sowie internationale Studienergebnisse mit Schwerpunkt auf der stationären Therapie von Jugendlichen mit Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa ausgeführt.
Herausforderungen in der ambulanten Behandlung essgestörter Kinder und Jugendlicher
Authors: Verbeek Dorothe , Schmid Gabriele
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung. Essstörungen gehören zu den schwerwiegendsten psychischen Erkrankungen und beeinträchtigen die körperliche und psychische Entwicklung der meist weiblichen Kinder und Jugendlichen erheblich, und dies oftmals über Jahre. Trotz intensiver Bemühungen und Verbesserungen der Versorgungssituation in den letzten 20 Jahren ist die Behandlung noch nicht so wirksam, wie es notwendig wäre. Es wird aus der Perspektive der ambulanten Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie auf einige zentrale Herausforderungen in der Arbeit mit essgestörten jungen Menschen eingegangen, Stärken sowie Schwachstellen werden aufgezeigt und mögliche Lösungswege zur Diskussion gestellt. Den Bezugsrahmen stellen die Grundlagen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) bei Essstörungen, schulenübergreifende Wirkfaktoren und Erfahrungen aus der eigenen Praxis dar. Einleitend werden die ambulante und stationäre Versorgungssituation in Deutschland kurz umrissen und zentrale Studienergebnisse zusammengefasst.
Issues, challenges, and the way forward in conducting clinical trials among neonates: investigators’ perspective
Authors: Sivanandan Sindhu , Jain Kajal , Plakkal Nishad , Bahl Monika , Sahoo Tanushree , Mukherjee Shirshendu , Gupta Yogendra Kumar , Agarwal Ramesh
Published: September 2019

Clinical trials are essential to test the safety and efficacy of new treatments in any population. The paucity of drug trials especially in the neonatal population has led to the widespread use of unlicensed or off-label medications, exposing them to the risks of drug toxicity and ineffective treatment. Ethical and operational challenges are no longer considered valid excuses for not conducting drug trials in neonates. We recently participated in a combined phase-2 and phase-3 trial investigating a new indigenous goat lung surfactant extract (GLSE) for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates. In this article, we share pertinent challenges faced by us during the trial to better inform and foster-positive discussion among drug developers, administrators, regulatory authorities, patient advocacy groups, and researchers. Also, we provide many tools developed for the GLSE trial that can be modified and used by prospective trialists.
CD36 inhibits β-catenin/c-myc-mediated glycolysis through ubiquitination of GPC4 to repress colorectal tumorigenesis
Authors: Fang Yuan , Shen Zhi-Yong , Zhan Yi-Zhi , Feng Xiao-Chuang , Chen Ke-Li , Li Yong-Sheng , Deng Hai-Jun , Pan Su-Ming , Wu De-Hua , Ding Yi
Published: September 2019

The diverse expression pattern of CD36 reflects its multiple cellular functions. However, the roles of CD36 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Here, we discover that CD36 expression is progressively decreased from adenomas to carcinomas. CD36 loss predicts poor survival of CRC patients. In CRC cells, CD36 acts as a tumor suppressor and inhibits aerobic glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, CD36-Glypcian 4 (GPC4) interaction could promote the proteasome-dependent ubiquitination of GPC4, followed by inhibition of β-catenin/c-myc signaling and suppression of downstream glycolytic target genes GLUT1, HK2, PKM2 and LDHA. Moreover, disruption of CD36 in inflammation-induced CRC model as well as ApcMin/+ mice model significantly increased colorectal tumorigenesis. Our results reveal a CD36-GPC4-β-catenin-c-myc signaling axis that regulates glycolysis in CRC development and may provide an intervention strategy for CRC prevention.
Na+-H+ exchanger 1 determines atherosclerotic lesion acidification and promotes atherogenesis
Authors: Liu Cong-Lin , Zhang Xian , Liu Jing , Wang Yunzhe , Sukhova Galina K. , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Liu Tianxiao , Tang Rui , Achilefu Samuel , Nahrendorf Matthias , Libby Peter , Guo Junli , Zhang Jin-Ying , Shi Guo-Ping
Published: September 2019

The pH in atherosclerotic lesions varies between individuals. IgE activates macrophage Na+-H+ exchanger (Nhe1) and induces extracellular acidification and cell apoptosis. Here, we show that the pH-sensitive pHrodo probe localizes the acidic regions in atherosclerotic lesions to macrophages, IgE, and cell apoptosis. In Apoe–/– mice, Nhe1-deficiency or anti-IgE antibody reduces atherosclerosis and blocks lesion acidification. Reduced atherosclerosis in Apoe–/– mice receiving bone marrow from Nhe1- or IgE receptor FcεR1-deficient mice, blunted foam cell formation and signaling in IgE-activated macrophages from Nhe1-deficient mice, immunocomplex formation of Nhe1 and FcεR1 in IgE-activated macrophages, and Nhe1-FcεR1 colocalization in atherosclerotic lesion macrophages support a role of IgE-mediated macrophage Nhe1 activation in atherosclerosis. Intravenous administration of a near-infrared fluorescent pH-sensitive probe LS662, followed by coregistered fluorescent molecular tomography-computed tomography imaging, identifies acidic regions in atherosclerotic lesions in live mice, ushering a non-invasive and radiation-free imaging approach to monitor atherosclerotic lesions in live subjects.
The Functional 3D Organization of Unicellular Genomes
Authors: Ben-Elazar Shay , Chor Benny , Yakhini Zohar
Published: September 2019

Genome conformation capture techniques permit a systematic investigation into the functional spatial organization of genomes, including functional aspects like assessing the co-localization of sets of genomic elements. For example, the co-localization of genes targeted by a transcription factor (TF) within a transcription factory. We quantify spatial co-localization using a rigorous statistical model that measures the enrichment of a subset of elements in neighbourhoods inferred from Hi-C data. We also control for co-localization that can be attributed to genomic order. We systematically apply our open-sourced framework, spatial-mHG, to search for spatial co-localization phenomena in multiple unicellular Hi-C datasets with corresponding genomic annotations. Our biological findings shed new light on the functional spatial organization of genomes, including: In C. crescentus, DNA replication genes reside in two genomic clusters that are spatially co-localized. Furthermore, these clusters contain similar gene copies and lay in genomic vicinity to the ori and ter sequences. In S. cerevisae, Ty5 retrotransposon family element spatially co-localize at a spatially adjacent subset of telomeres. In N. crassa, both Proteasome lid subcomplex genes and protein refolding genes jointly spatially co-localize at a shared location. An implementation of our algorithms is available online.
Global invasion genetics of two parasitic copepods infecting marine bivalves
Authors: Feis Marieke E. , Goedknegt M. Anouk , Arzul Isabelle , Chenuil Anne , Boon Onno den , Gottschalck Leo , Kondo Yusuke , Ohtsuka Susumu , Shama Lisa N. S. , Thieltges David W. , Wegner K. Mathias , Luttikhuizen Pieternella C.
Published: September 2019

Invasive species, and especially invasive parasites, represent excellent models to study ecological and evolutionary mechanisms in the wild. To understand these processes, it is crucial to obtain more knowledge on the native range, invasion routes and invasion history of invasive parasites. We investigated the consecutive invasions of two parasitic copepods (Mytilicola intestinalis and Mytilicolaorientalis) by combining an extensive literature survey covering the reported putative native regions and the present-day invaded regions with a global phylogeography of both species. The population genetic analyses based on partial COI sequences revealed significant population differentiation for M. orientalis within the native region in Japan, while introduced populations in North America and Europe could not be distinguished from the native ones. Thus, M. orientalis’ invasion history resembles the genetic structure and recent spread of its principal host, the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, while M. intestinalis lacks population genetic structure and has an overall low genetic diversity. Therefore, the native origin of M. intestinalis remains unclear. With this study, we demonstrate that even highly related and biologically similar invasive species can differ in their invasion genetics. From this, we conclude that extrapolating invasion genetics dynamics from related invasive taxa may not always be possible.