bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Midazolam alleviates cellular senescence in SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Ping , Wang Peipei , Luan Hengfei , Wu Yong , Chen Ying
Published: November 2022

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts the daily life of aging people. Oligomerized amyloid β (Aβ)‐associated neuronal senescence is involved in the pathological mechanism of AD. Blockage of neuronal senescence has been considered an important strategy for the treatment of AD. Midazolam is a hypnotic‐sedative drug with pleiotropic properties.

Aims

However, the effects of Midazolam in oligomerized Aβ1.42‐induced neurotoxicity have not been reported previously. Here, we investigate whether Midazolam possesses a beneficial effect against oligomerized Aβ1.42 in SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells.

Materials and Methods

Cellular senescence was assessed using senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining. Telomerase activity was measured using the TeloTAGGG Telomerase PCR ELISA.

Results

First, the lactate dehydrogenase release assay demonstrates that 10 and 20 µM are the optimal concentrations of Midazolam used for cell cultures. Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining results indicate that exposure to oligomerized Aβ1.42 significantly increased cellular senescence of SH‐SY5Y cells, but it was significantly alleviated by Midazolam. Additionally, Midazolam restored the oligomerized Aβ1.42‐induced reduction of telomerase activity. Interestingly, we found that oligomerized Aβ1.42 remarkably reduced human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression but increased the telomeric repeat‐binding factor 2 (TERF2) expression. However, treatment with Midazolam reversed the effects of oligomerized Aβ1.42 on the hTERT and TERF2 gene expressions. Importantly, the presence of Midazolam attenuated Aβ1.42‐induced p53 and p21 expressions. Mechanistically, Midazolam repressed the level of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and the release of prostaglandin E2. Importantly, overexpression of COX‐2 abolished the impact of Midazolam against oligomerized Aβ1.42 in neuronal senescence.

Conclusion

We conclude that the usage of Midazolam is a potential treatment strategy for AD.
Transmission of poly(dT60) single‐stranded DNA through polycarbonate track‐etched ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Alavijeh Hossein Nouri , Baltus Ruth E.
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to examine membrane filtration of a single stranded DNA (ssDNA) with 60 thymine nucleotides, and to elucidate the variables controlling its transmission across track‐etched porous membranes. Dead end filtration measurements were performed using different pore size membranes (10, 15, and 30 nm) at different transmembrane pressures in solutions with ionic strength ranging from 0 to 1000 mM NaCl. The diffusivity of the ssDNA was determined using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, yielding hydrodynamic radii ranging from 1.6 to 2.8 nm, with values decreasing with increasing solution ionic strength. Despite the small ssDNA/membrane pore size, nearly 100% rejection was observed for measurements performed with the 10 and 15 nm pore size membranes under low‐ionic strength conditions. These high rejections can be attributed to strong repulsive electrostatic ssDNA‐membrane interactions. With increasing ionic strength, electrostatic interactions as well as the effective size of the ssDNA decreases and the flexibility of the ssDNA increases, leading to a reduction in ssDNA rejection. A design of experiments approach was used to plan filtration experiments that adequately covered the variable space with a manageable number of experiments. The results yielded an empirical expression relating ssDNA rejection to pore size, solution ionic strength and transmembrane pressure. There was evidence of flow induced elongation at high‐transmembrane pressures in the 30 nm pore size membranes, but not in the smaller pore size membranes. These results are consistent with critical flux estimates developed using a free draining model for the ssDNA.
Long‐term efficacy of no‐touch radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of single small hepatocellular carcinoma: A single center long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Wu Guodong , Li Jing , Li Changfeng , Ou Xia , Feng Kai , Xia Feng , Chen Zhiyu , Zhang Leida , Ma Kuansheng
Published: November 2022

Objective

To evaluate the long‐term efficacy of no‐touch radiofrequency ablation (NT‐RFA) for treating single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) less than 3 cm.

Methods

A total of 331 patients with HCC less than 3 cm undergoing RFA in Southwest Hospital from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were divided into NT‐RFA group (n = 113) and conventional RFA (C‐RFA) group (n = 218). The survival rate, local tumor progression (LTP) and intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR) of the two groups were calculated and compared.

Results

A significant difference was observed in ablation range (p = 0.000) and safety margin (p = 0.000) between the two groups. The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates in NT‐RFA and C‐RFA group were 99.12%, 93.73%, 76.18%, 57.00%, 45.17% and 99.08%, 89.91%, 71.26%, 54.28%, 41.77%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.281). The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates in NT‐RFA and C‐RFA group were 78.51%, 52.59%, 41.02%, 34.36%, 30.92% and 68.81%, 44.95%, 30.88%, 23.73%, 22.88%, respectively. The two groups differed significantly (p = 0.044). The 1‐, 3‐and 5‐year LTP‐free survival rates in NT‐RFA and C‐RFA group were 87.12%, 74.99%, 72.32% and 75.75%, 65.52%, 65.52%, respectively. The two groups also differed significantly (p = 0.024). Furthermore, the RFS rates of D ≤ 2 cm subgroups in NT‐RFA and C‐RFA groups differed significantly (p = 0.037), while the RFS rates of 2 cm < D ≤ 3 cm subgroups in two groups showed no significant difference (p = 0.578).

Conclusions

The RFS rates of single HCC less than 3 cm treated by NT‐RFA was significantly higher than that of C‐RFA. Due to a larger ablation range and safety margin, NT‐RFA could significantly reduce LTP and improve RFS. Dual‐electrode NT‐RFA can significantly improve the RFS rate of patients with HCC less than 2 cm, but there is no obvious advantage compared with C‐RFA in the treatment of HCC over 2 cm.
When ingroup identities “clash”: The influence of beliefs about incompatibilities between being a Christian and a drinker affect motivation to change drinking behaviour
Authors: Frings Daniel , Albery Ian P. , Kim Anne
Published: November 2022

Whilst research has demonstrated the influence of individual and social identities on drinking‐related beliefs and behaviours, none evaluates how identities' incompatibilities are associated with mental health, current drinking status nor intentions, and motivations to change drinking behaviour. The current study explored how variability in incompatibilities between the social identities of being a drinker and a Christian related to mental health, alcohol use behaviour, and intentions to change drinking behaviour. A cross‐sectional online survey (via a recruitment platform, Prolific) recruited n = 180 US resident Christians who drank alcohol (56.4% male, 46.6% female, mean age = 37 years). Increased incompatibility between identities moderated the effect of current Christian identity on drinking change motivations—with the strongest links amongst those with the highest levels of incompatibility. A similar effect was also shown for increasing incompatibility between perceptions of the self as an individual and drinking behaviour (self/drinker incompatibility). The relationship between Christian identity on current drinking behaviour was also shown to be moderated by decreased Christian/drinker identity incompatibility but not self/drinker incompatibility. No relationships were identified for general mental well‐being. The study highlights that differences in the protective role of religious identities likely depend on how they relate to others, and the key role of identity incompatibility.
Environmental mastery and purpose of life during COVID‐19‐related lockdown: A study deepening the role of personal and community resilience
Authors: Procentese Fortuna , Gatti Flora
Published: November 2022

COVID‐19 outbreak and the measures needed to contain its first wave of contagion produced broad changes in citizens' daily lives, routines, and social opportunities, putting their environmental mastery and purpose of life at risk. However, these measures produced different impacts across citizens and communities. Building on this, the present study addresses citizens' understanding of the rationale for COVID‐19‐related protective measures and their perception of their own and their community's resilience as protective dimensions to unravel the selective effect of nationwide lockdown orders. An online questionnaire was administered to Italian citizens during Italian nationwide lockdown. Two moderation models were performed using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) path analysis. The results show that the understanding of the rationale for lockdown only associated with citizens' purpose of life and that it represented a risk factor rather than a protective one. Furthermore, the interaction effects were significant only when community resilience was involved. That is, personal resilience did not show the expected moderation effect, while community resilience did. However, the latter varied between being either full or partial depending on the dependent variable. In light of the above, the theoretical and practical implications of these results will be discussed.
Driving quality improvement with nudges: True interventions in cardiology
Authors: Seto Arnold H.
Published: November 2022

Key Points

Quality improvement research brings evidence‐based interventions to clinical practice.

This single‐center study demonstrated that simple clinical guidelines, computer prompts, and education were able to reduce the duration of triple therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Behavioral interventions are an important tool to drive clinical improvement but must be tailored to respect physician autonomy and professionalism.
A framework for IoT and blockchain based smart food chain management system
Authors: Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Raza Zahid
Published: November 2022

The worldwide food supply chain network firms have embraced digitalization and have changed customers' everyday lives in serval viewpoints. This work proposes a framework for IoT and Blockchain based smart Food Chain Management System (IBFS) aiming to regulate the food inventory systems in an organization focusing on the safety and nature of the items conveyed to the end consumers. The proposed IBFS framework is an IoT‐based blockchain with smart contract architecture for trust, reliability, and transparency. A Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) (Message Queue Telemetry Transport) broker or server is deployed on the broadcast to record all data collected from the IoT sensors. The data provided by IoT‐sensors or devices is pooled and gathered by MQTT based cloud brokers and the shipment's geolocation, movement, and temperature are logged. The work uses two types of smart contracts based on Ethereum‐based blockchain technology (BCT) environment as the operational backbone written in the Solidity language. The first smart contract deals with custody and the second smart contract deals with shipment or transportation to track the produce. The food supply chain process evaluates the collected data from the IoT sensors managed with the help of blockchain and MQTT servers. The quality of food is measured by evaluating by temperature and humidity function, transition time, final item and for validation of smart contracts. Performance evaluation of IBFS in terms of Gas cost under various test conditions prove the effectiveness of the work.
Enhanced Host‐Guest Association and Fluorescence in Copolymers from Copper Salphen Complexes by Supramolecular Internalization of Anions
Authors: Hernández‐Pacheco Paulina , Zelada‐Guillén Gustavo A. , Romero‐Ávila Margarita , Cañas‐Alonso Roberto Carlos , Flores‐Álamo Marcos , Escárcega‐Bobadilla Martha V.
Published: November 2022

Invited for this month's cover are Prof. Escárcega‐Bobadilla and Prof. Zelada‐Guillén, collaborators from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). The cover picture shows the X‐ray structure of a chartreuse fluorescent Salphen‐Cu complex that upon copolymerization receives dielectric protection from the rest of the chain in solution. This enables cyan luminescence at higher intensity via anion‐guest engulfment which renders dimmer‐like turn‐on emission. More information can be found in the Research Article by G. Zelada‐Guillén, M. V. Escárcega‐Bobadilla, and co‐workers.
Influence of the Rancimat Apparatus Operating Parameters on Oxidative Stability Determination of Cold‐Pressed Camelina and Hemp Seed Oil
Authors: Symoniuk Edyta , Łapińska Aneta , Ratusz Katarzyna , Wroniak Małgorzata
Published: November 2022

The study investigates the impact of operating parameters such as temperature (90, 100, 110, 120 °C), airflow rate (10, 15, 20 L h−1), and sample weight (3, 6, 9 g) on the oxidative stability of cold‐pressed camelina and hemp seed oils using the Rancimat apparatus. Conducted analysis indicates a significant influence of temperature on oils' induction time. Moreover, higher airflows should be selected at high analysis temperatures. Based on the calculated parameters of the oxidation kinetics, it was shown that hemp oil has higher activation energy values than camelina oil. Response surface methodology (RSM) indicates that to minimize the determination time of camelina oil oxidation, the following analysis conditions should be selected: sample weight (SW) = 33.5 g, airflow (AF) = 20 L h−1, and temperature (T) = 120 °C. However, for hemp oil, these parameters should be SW = 5.56 g, AF = 15 L h−1, T = 120 °C. Sample mass does not significantly impact oils induction time, which depends mainly on the temperature and airflow.

Practical applications: The conducted research shows that the parameters of the cold‐pressed camelina and hemp oils oxidative stability have to be determined experimentally. The determined parameters for assessing the oxidative stability will reduce the analysis time and the possibility of interpolating the obtained result at different temperatures and analysis parameters.
Outcomes of patients with Wilms' tumour stage III due to positive resection margins only: An analysis of patients treated on the SIOP‐WT‐2001 protocol in the UK‐CCLG and GPOH studies
Authors: Vujanić Gordan M. , Graf Norbert , D'Hooghe Ellen , Chowdhury Tanzina , Vokuhl Christian , Al‐Saadi Reem , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Melchior Patrick , Furtwängler Rhoikos
Published: November 2022

Stage III Wilms' tumour (WT) represents a heterogeneous group which includes different criteria, but all stage III patients are treated according to the same study regiment. The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyse outcomes in patients with stage III due to positive resection margins (RM) only, sub‐grouped in RM with viable (RM‐v) and nonviable (RM‐nv) tumour. Patients were treated pre‐ and postoperatively according to the SIOP‐WT‐2001 protocol in the UK‐CCLG and GPOH WT trials and studies (2001‐2020). There were 197 patients, including 134 with localised, abdominal stage III and 63 with overall stage IV, but abdominal stage III. Stage III due to RM‐v had 126 patients, and due to RM‐nv 71 patients. The overall 5‐year local‐relapse‐free survival (RFS), event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) estimates for all patients with abdominal stage III RM were 95.7% (±SE1.5%), 85.1 (±SE2.6%) and 90.3% (±SE2.2%), respectively. Patients with stage III RM‐nv had significantly better RFS and EFS than patients with RM‐v (P = .027 and P = .003, respectively). A multivariate analysis showed that RM‐v remained a significant factor for EFS when adjusted for age, presence of metastasis at diagnosis, histological risk group and overall stage in Cox regression analysis (P = .006). Patients with stage III due to RM‐nv only exhibited no local recurrence and have a significantly better RFS and EFS than patients with RM‐v. The results suggest that exclusion of RM‐nv as a stage III criterion in the UMBRELLA staging system and consequent treatment reduction is warranted.
Methimazole‐induced gestational hypothyroidism affects the offspring development and differently impairs the conditioned fear in male and female adulthood rodents
Authors: Hipólito Laísa T. M. , Batista Tatiane H. , dos Anjos‐Garcia Tayllon , Giusti‐Paiva Alexandre , Vilela Fabiana C.
Published: November 2022

Gestational hypothyroidism is a prevalent disorder in pregnant women and also impairs fetal development with relevant outcomes. One of the outcomes of greatest interest has been rodent fear‐ and anxiety‐like behavior. However, the relationship between maternal hypothyroidism and onset of conditioned fear‐related responses in offspring remains controversial. Here, we used a well‐validated methimazole‐induced gestational hypothyroidism to investigate the behavioral consequences in offspring. Dams were treated with methimazole at 0.02% in drinking water up to gestational Day 9. Maternal body weights and maternal behavior were evaluated, and the puppies ware analyzed for weight gain and physical/behavioral development and assigned for the open field and fear conditioning test. Methimazole‐induced gestational hypothyroidism induced loss in maternal and litter weight, increases in maternal behavior, and impairs in offspring developmental landmarks in both male and female rodents. Only male offspring enhanced responsiveness to conditioned fear‐like behavior in adulthood.
North American genetic counselors' approach to collecting and using ancestry in clinical practice
Authors: Hubbel Alexandra , Hogan Elizabeth , Matthews Anne , Goldenberg Aaron
Published: November 2022

Current guidelines from the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) recommend that patients' ancestry be obtained when taking a family history. However, no study has explored how consistently genetic counselors obtain or utilize this information. The goals of this study included assessing how genetic counselors collect their patients' ancestry, what factors influence this decision, and how they view the utility of this information. Genetic counselors working in a direct patient care setting in the US or Canada were recruited to participate in an anonymous survey via an NSGC email blast. Most participants (n = 115) obtain information about their patients' ancestry (96.5%), with the most common methods being directly asking the patient (91%) and utilizing intake forms (43.2%). Of participants who ask about ancestry directly, 50.5% always ask about the presence of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and 70.3% always ask about additional ancestries, suggesting that for most genetic counselors’ collection of ancestry is standard practice. However, the clinical utility of ancestry information is highly variable, with the impact on genetic testing choice being particularly low. A slight majority of participants support a reevaluation of current ancestry guidelines (51.3%), with many participants suggesting that the varying utility of ancestry in different clinical indications/specialties should be incorporated into guidelines. Despite being standard practice for most genetic counselors, no unified approach or standard for how ancestral information should be used in genetic counseling practice was identified.
Troubling the Niceness of Social Change in Leadership Education
Authors: Wiborg Erica R.
Published: November 2022

This article troubles a culture of niceness that upholds racism, whiteness, and other forms of oppression, as well as challenges the simplistic application of social change in leadership education. Leadership educators have several responsibilities for challenging ideologies, practices, and discourses that secure whiteness when teaching about leadership for social change. The current article begins with situating the relationship of whiteness and niceness, then offers liberatory considerations for troubling niceness in leadership education. Considerations for why leadership educators and students, based on their social identities and lived experiences, might resist addressing social inequality, power, inclusion, and equity in leadership are discussed. Pedagogical considerations for responding to resistance and disrupting systems of oppression are described, drawn from liberatory pedagogical frameworks
Evaluation of extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 regional climate model results andHighResMIPglobal climate models
Authors: Hariadi Mugni Hadi , van der Schrier Gerard , Steeneveld Gert‐Jan , Ratri Dian Nur , Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena , Tank Albert Klein , Aldrian Edvin , Gunawan Dodo , Moine Marie‐Pierre , Bellucci Alessio , Senan Retish , Tourigny Etienne , Putrasahan Dian Ariyani , Linarka Utoyo Ajie
Published: November 2022

Modelling rainfall extremes and dry periods over the Southeast Asia (SEA) region is challenging due to the characteristics of the region, which consists of the Maritime Continent and a mountainous region; it also experiences monsoonal conditions, as it is located between the Asian summer monsoon and the Australian summer monsoon. Representing rainfall extremes is important for flood and drought assessments in the region. This paper evaluates extreme rainfall climatic indices from regional climate models from CORDEX Southeast Asia and compares them with the results of high‐resolution global climate models with a comparable spatial resolution from the HighResMIP experiment. Observations indicate a high intensity of rainfall over areas affected by tropical cyclones and long consecutive dry day periods over some areas in Indochina and the southern end of Indonesia. In the model simulations, we find that both coupled and sea surface temperature‐forced HighResMIP model experiments are more similar to the observations than CORDEX model results. However, the models produce a poorer simulation of precipitation intensity‐related indices due to model biases in the rainfall intensity. This bias is higher in CORDEX than in HighResMIP and is evident in both the low‐ and high‐resolution HighResMIP model versions. The comparable performances of HighResSST (atmosphere‐only runs) and Hist‐1950 (coupled ocean–atmosphere runs) demonstrate the accuracy of the ocean model. Comparable performances were also found for the two different resolutions of HighResMIP, suggesting that there is no improvement in the performance of the high‐resolution HighResMIP model compared to the low‐resolution HighResMIP model.
How did European firms adjust their corporate social responsibility investments during the global financial crisis?
Authors: Karmani Majdi , Uyar Ali , Kuzey Cemil
Published: November 2022

The crisis period of 2008 triggered European firms to undertake more corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities than during non‐crisis periods in all four dimensions, governance, economic, environmental, and social. The exogenous shock of 2008 significantly reduced European companies' profitability. The crisis period triggered firms to undertake more CSR activities than non‐crisis periods in all four dimensions, governance, economic, environmental, and social. Compared to other dimensions, corporate governance received more attention, implying that firms tried to alleviate the shock's disadvantages by strengthening their governance structures.
Artificial Intelligence‐Assisted Ultrasound Diagnosis on Infant Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Under Constrained Computational Resources
Authors: Huang Bingxuan , Xia Bei , Qian Jikuan , Zhou Xinrui , Zhou Xu , Liu Shengfeng , Chang Ao , Yan Zhongnuo , Tang Zijian , Xu Na , Tao Hongwei , He Xuezhi , Yu Wei , Zhang Renfu , Huang Ruobing , Ni Dong , Yang Xin
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Ultrasound (US) is important for diagnosing infant developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). However, the accuracy of the diagnosis depends heavily on expertise. We aimed to develop a novel automatic system (DDHnet) for accurate, fast, and robust diagnosis of DDH.

Methods

An automatic system, DDHnet, was proposed to diagnose DDH by analyzing static ultrasound images. A five‐fold cross‐validation experiment was conducted using a dataset containing 881 patients to verify the performance of DDHnet. In addition, a blind test was conducted on 209 patients (158 normal and 51 abnormal cases). The feasibility and performance of DDHnet were investigated by embedding it into ultrasound machines at low computational cost.

Results

DDHnet obtained reliable measurements and accurate diagnosis predictions. It reported an intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) on α angle of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.97), β angle of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98), FHC of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99) and PFD of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90–0.96) in abnormal cases. DDHnet achieved a sensitivity of 90.56%, specificity of 100%, accuracy of 98.64%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.44% for the diagnosis of DDH. For the measurement task on the US device, DDHnet took only 1.1 seconds to operate and complete, whereas the experienced senior expert required an average 41.4 seconds.

Conclusions

The proposed DDHnet demonstrate state‐of‐the‐art performance for all four indicators of DDH diagnosis. Fast and highly accurate DDH diagnosis is achievable through DDHnet, and is accessible under constrained computational resources.
Nasal mucociliary clearance after extremely low frequency by scintigraphic and histopathologic evaluation
Authors: Aydinbelge‐Dizdar Nur , Akbulut Aylin , Koca Gokhan , Yumusak Nihat , Canseven Kursun Ayse Gulnihal , Billur Deniz , Korkmaz Meliha
Published: November 2022

Objective

To investigate the effect of exposure to extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MFs) on nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) by rhinosintigrapic and histopathological evaluation.

Materials and Methods

The rats were separated into three groups according to ELF‐MFs intensity and control group. The exposure groups were standardized for the ELF‐MFs of 1, 1.5, and 2 mT emitted by 3 Helmholtz coils for 4 h/day for 30 days. Rhinoscintigraphy was performed to measure nasal MCC. The nasal tissues were examined for edema, inflammation, hyperemia, necrosis, ciliary loss, goblet cell density, and fibroblast proliferation. The data were evaluated statistically (p < 0.05).

Results

Nasal mucociliary clearance rates (NMCR) were calculated as 33.13 ± 5.91% in control, 27.78 ± 4.7% in 1 mT, 22.67 ± 5.43% in 1.5 mT, and 18.11 ± 6.33% in 2 mT. NMCR were decreased with increasing ELF‐MFs, in 1.5 and 2 mT groups (p < 0.05) compared to control. Nasal mucociliary transport rate (NMTR) values were found to be 2.17 ± 0.33 mm/min in control, 1.82 ± 0.32 mm/min in 1 mT, 1.46 ± 0.34 mm/min in 1.5 mT and 1.24 ± 0.29 mm/min in 2 mT. NMTR was decreased in the groups exposed to 1.5 and 2 mT (p < 0.05) compared to control. The edema, hyperemia, inflammation, ciliary loss, and goblet cell density were statistically significant differences between control and groups exposed to 1.5 and 2 mT (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our rat model has shown nasal mucosa damage and decreased NMCR and NMTR by rhinoscintigraphy as ELF‐MFs intensity increases. It may be detrimental to nasal mucosa mucociliary function depending on the ELF‐MFs intensity.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 133:2081–2089, 2023
Gradient estimate for asymptotically regular elliptic equations of double phase with variable exponents
Authors: Liang Shuang , Zheng Shenzhou
Published: November 2022

We devote this paper to the proof of a regularity result for the solutions of asymptotically regular elliptic equations with ‐growth. By approximating the solutions of asymptotically regular problems with the solutions of regular problems based on a new perturbation method while the gradients of solutions close to infinity, we derive an interior Calderón–Zygmund estimate.
Thermal/Near‐Infrared Light Dual‐Responsive Reconfigurable and Recyclable Polythiourethane/CNT Composite with Simultaneously Enhanced Strength and Toughness
Authors: Zhao Chunrui , Yue Huimin , Huang Miaoming , He Suqin , Liu Hao , Liu Wentao , Zhu Chengshen , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2022

Thermoset polymers cross‐linked by dynamic covalent bonds are recyclable and reconfigurable based on solid‐state plasticity, resulting in less waste and environmental pollution. However, most thermoset polymers previously reported show thermal‐responsive solid‐state plasticity, depending much on external conditions and not allowing for local shape modulation. Herein, the isocyanate modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs‐NCO) are introduced into the polythiourethane (PCTU) network with multiple dynamic covalent bonds by in situ polymerization to prepare the composite with thermal/light dual‐responsive solid‐state plasticity, reconfigurability, and recyclability. The introduction of CNTs‐NCO simultaneously strengthens and toughens the PCTU composite. Moreover, based on the photothermal properties and light‐responsive solid‐state plasticity, the PCTU/CNTs composite or bilayer sample can achieve complex permanent shape by locally precise shape regulation without affecting other parts. This work provides a simple and reliable method for preparing high‐performance polymer composite with light‐responsive solid‐state plasticity, which may be applied in the fields of sensing and flexible electronics.
Practically Defined Off‐State Dyskinesia Following Repeated Intraputamenal Glial Cell Line–Derived Neurotrophic Factor Administration
Authors: Lloyd Katherine , Lawton Michael , Whone Alan
Published: November 2022

Background

We recently showed that by employing an enhanced drug‐delivery approach, repeated administration of glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can produce a spatially distributed increased 18F‐DOPA positron emission tomography (PET) uptake, suggesting sprouting of dopaminergic terminals throughout the putamen structure. Despite this, we failed to prove a significant measurable clinical response. Since, however, we have identified a subject demonstrating a temporal relationship between repeated GDNF infusions and dyskinesia arising in the practically defined off (pracoff) state.

Objectives

To describe the development of pracoff dyskinesia across our study population and consider its utility as an indicator that trophic factor–induced terminal sprouting can affect enhanced endogenous dopamine levels.

Methods

This was a blinded retrospective analysis of videotaped motor assessments at eight weekly study visits. Dyskinesia in the pracoff and supramaximal on state were rated using the Clinical Dyskinesia Rating Scale. Logistic regression was employed to explore the predictors of pracoff dyskinesia. Generalized estimated equations were used to estimate the cumulative effect of repeated GDNF infusions.

Results

Mild–moderate choreiform dyskinesia in the pracoff state were seen in 47 assessments in 17 (n = 41) subjects. During the 18‐month timeframe, each subsequent 8‐week period of receiving GDNF increased the risk of demonstrating pracoff state dyskinesia by 34% (odds ratio [OR], 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20, 1.50); P < 0.001). An increasing supramaximal on dyskinesia score (OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.07, 1.30]; P = 0.001) also increased the likelihood of pracoff dyskinesia at that visit.

Conclusions

We report the first description of increasingly prevalent pracoff‐state dyskinesia developing during the course of a trophic factor study. This may provide a surrogate marker that GDNF can enable recovery of endogenous dopamine release even in advanced Parkinson's disease. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Existence and nonexistence of positive solutions of some elliptic problems with variable exponents
Authors: El‐Abed Amel , Dammak Makkia , Amor Ben Ali Abir
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study the existence and the nonexistence of some positive solutions for nonlinear equations involving variable exponent Laplace operator and concave–convex second term:

under Robin boundary condition in a regular open‐bounded domain
of
. The
‐Laplacian is given by
where
and
. Our proofs are based on the subsupersolutions method mixed with variational arguments.
On estimation of the optimal parameter of the modulus‐based matrix splitting algorithm for linear complementarity problems on second‐order cones
Authors: Li Zhizhi , Zhang Huai
Published: November 2022

There are many studies on the well‐known modulus‐based matrix splitting (MMS) algorithm for solving complementarity problems, but very few studies on its optimal parameter, which is of theoretical and practical importance. Therefore and here, by introducing a novel mapping to explicitly cast the implicit fixed point equation and thus obtain the iteration matrix involved, we first present the estimation approach of the optimal parameter of each step of the MMS algorithm for solving linear complementarity problems on the direct product of second‐order cones (SOCLCPs). It also works on single second‐order cone and the non‐negative orthant. On this basis, we further propose an iteration‐independent optimal parameter selection strategy for practical usage. Finally, the practicability and effectiveness of the new proposal are verified by comparing with the experimental optimal parameter and the diagonal part of system matrix. In addition, with the optimal parameter, the effectiveness of the MMS algorithm can indeed be greatly improved, even better than the state‐of‐the‐art solvers SCS and SuperSCS that solve the equivalent SOC programming.
Effects of interfaces and ordered microstructures on thermal properties of graphene flakes/polyethylene composites
Authors: Liu Guanjun , Zhang Xin , Yang Zhongnian , Wang Lu , Yang Fan , Wang Rongguo
Published: November 2022

The lightweight type IV hydrogen storage tanks put forward higher requirements for the thermal properties of the polymer liners. To improve the thermal properties, graphene flakes (GFs) were used as fillers to reinforce high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The effects of the interfaces between GFs and polymer matrix and the ordered microstructures on the thermal properties of composites were discussed. The results showed that the ordered arrangement of the composite microstructures can significantly improve its thermal conductivity (kc). At 0.5 wt% GFs loading, the ordered composite kc reached 6.052 W/(m K), corresponding to 11.8 times that of unoriented pure HDPE. The effect of interfaces on kc was qualitatively analyzed by scratching GFs on the cross‐section of the composites. Although GFs form continuous networks with high kc in the polymer matrix, the interface defects between GFs and HDPE matrix lead to increased interfacial thermal resistance at high GFs concentrations. Therefore, the thermal enhancement coefficient of the composites decreases with the increase in GFs concentration. Moreover, mixing GFs can increase the initial thermal degradation temperature of the composites by 15.9 °C and the Vicat softening point by 1.6 °C. This work will provide an essential reference for the application of polymers in type IV tanks.
Chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies for chemical analysis of Euodiae fructus: A review
Authors: Xia Hongmin , Dai Yanpeng , Zhao Chengxin , Zhang Huimin , Shi Yusheng , Lou Hongxiang
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Euodiae fructus, also known as Evodiae fructus, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine derived from the dried, nearly ripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) T. G. Hartley. The main bioactive constituents of Euodiae fructus are alkaloids, limonoids, flavonoids, and anthraquinones. The contents of these compounds vary greatly between different plant species, geographic locations, and harvest times, which thus affect the therapeutic effects.

Objectives

We aimed to summarize the chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus. Moreover, we aimed to emphasize the diverse soft ionization techniques and mass analyzers of LC‐MS methods for assessment of Euodiae fructus.

Methodology

A literature study was carried out by retrieving articles published between January 1988 and December 2021 from well‐known databases, including PubMed, ASC, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, J·STAGE, Thieme, Taylor & Francis, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, and CNKI. The chemical analysis methods were described in several categories in accordance with the used analytical techniques, including thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and counter‐current chromatography (CCC).

Results

This review systematically summarizes the achievements in chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus published in over three decades, covering the various chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for identification and quantification of phytochemical constituents.

Conclusion

The summary serves as an important basis for future phytochemical research and implementation of quality control methods in order to ensure the efficacy and safety of Euodiae fructus.
Prescribed anti‐glaucoma medication consumption and road traffic crash
Authors: Lu Li , Contrand Benjamin , Schweitzer Cedric , Gadegbeku Blandine , Delcourt Cécile , Lagarde Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

Background

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. Influence of visual defects associated with this condition, as well as potential side effects of anti‐glaucoma medications on driving may be a relevant traffic safety concern. This study therefore aimed to investigate whether and/or to what extent prescribed anti‐glaucoma medicine consumption is associated with increased likelihood of crash risk, and traffic crash responsibility among drivers involved in road traffic crashes.

Methods

Data from three French national databases were extracted and matched as part of the CESIR (a combination of studies on health and road safety) project. The sample included 201 497 drivers involved in an injurious road crash in France from July 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015, and an age‐ and sex‐matched control group (113 357 drivers) that was randomly drawn from the general population. Exposure to anti‐glaucoma medications were compared between responsible and non‐responsible drivers involved in a crash and between drivers involved in a crash and people from the control group.

Results

The proportion of drivers with prescribed anti‐glaucoma medicine markedly increased with age. One type (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72–0.86) and two or more types (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.98) anti‐glaucoma medicine prescriptions were less frequent in crash‐involved drivers than in controls. One type (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.88–1.12) and two or more types (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.82–1.33) anti‐glaucoma medicine prescriptions were not associated with crash responsibility.

Conclusion

Our findings are reassuring as regard to existing guidelines for safe driving for individuals using anti‐glaucoma medications. Our results also suggest that driving behavior adaptation is effective mitigating potential traffic crash risks for people diagnosed with glaucoma.
Achieving ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylenes by vanadium aroylhydrazine‐arylolates
Authors: Suo Hongyi , Faisca Phillips Ana Maria , Satrudhar Manas , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S. , G. da Silva Maria de Fátima , Pombeiro Armando J. L. , Han Mingyang , Sun Wen‐Hua
Published: November 2022

A series of vanadium(V) aroylhydrazine‐arylolates is employed in ethylene polymerization to produce ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), surprisingly extending to such coupling reactions beyond their common usage in the oxidation of hexanes and alcohols. Activated by either MAO or DMAC, the complexes V1–V3 efficiently catalyze the polymerization of ethylene into UHMWPE, that is, with an activity up to 3.37 × 106 g mol−1 h−1 (60°C) and the polyethylene obtained has a molecular weight around 3 million g mol−1, being the highest molecular weight achieved by a vanadium catalyst so far. More importantly, the significant effects of different cocatalysts are well illustrated; the catalytic system with MAO generally shows lower activity with almost one order in the magnitude than that with DMAC (0.43 vs. 3.37 × 106 g mol−1 h−1), but the polyethylenes with higher molecular weights are obtained by the system with MAO.
Cultural adaptation process of cancer‐related interventions: A step‐by‐step guide
Authors: Costas‐Muniz Rosario , Torres‐Blasco Normarie , Gany Francesca , Gonzalez Carlos J. , Galindo‐Vazquez Oscar , Bergerot Cristiane D. , Rocha‐Cadman Xiomara , Lui Florence , Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Velazquez Ana I. , Tergas Ana I. , Castro‐Figueroa Eida M.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

To contribute to the reduction and elimination of cancer‐related local and global health disparities, interventions must be culturally adapted to reach diverse cultural groups and demonstrate success in improving clinical and psychosocial outcomes. We provide step‐by‐step information on the conceptual and methodological challenges involved in culturally adapting interventions and provide guidelines, suggestions, tools, and concrete steps for implementing the process.

Methods

This article provides information, guidelines, suggestions, tools, and concrete steps, based on three rigorous models of cultural adaptations, for implementing this process, followed with examples from the field, to illustrate the conceptual and methodological challenges involved in culturally adapting interventions.

Conclusion

Our systematic step‐by‐step approach recommends (1) the guidance of well‐established research models; (2) use of multiple data sources and input from various stakeholders (i.e., from patients and providers); (3) qualitative and quantitative data usage and integration; (4) a steering committee with multiple perspectives, stakeholders assessments, and qualitative analyses; (5) consensus meetings; and (6) diverse representation on the steering committee and/or research team.
Interventions promoting cognitive function in patients experiencing cancer related cognitive impairment: A systematic review
Authors: Oldacres Laura , Hegarty Josephine , O'Regan Patricia , Murphy‐Coakley Noreen M , Saab Mohamad M.
Published: November 2022

Objective

To examine the effect of interventions used to enhance cognitive function in patients experiencing cancer‐related cognitive impairment.

Methods

Studies including adults with a non‐metastatic cancer who have received chemotherapy as part of their treatment and who have undergone interventions targeting cancer‐related cognitive impairment were included. Studies involving patients with metastatic cancer and pre‐existing cognitive deficits were excluded. Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus with full text, MEDLINE, Education Full Text, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and ERIC were searched for studies published between January 2011 and September 2022. Data extraction and quality appraisal were conducted by two authors and cross‐checked by the review team. Quality appraisal was conducted using 12 items from the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were presented narratively without meta‐analysis.

Results

Thirty‐one studies were included. Interventions were categorised as integrative/complementary, cognitive behavioural therapy and compensatory strategies, exercise, psychoeducational/psychosocial, brain‐training, and pharmacological. Over 100 instruments were identified, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Cognitive, Trail Making Tests‐A and B, and instruments measuring secondary outcomes, including depression. Instruments often measured attention and concentration, language, memory, executive function, and/or patient‐reported outcomes. Improvements were reported, with most studies measuring some or various aspects of cognitive functioning and very few studies measuring all domains of cognitive functioning, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about effectiveness.

Conclusions

Various interventions are available to treat cancer‐related cognitive impairment. Outcome measurement was inconsistent and future research should prioritise using standardised measures. Current evidence, whilst not being definitive, suggests that certain interventions show greater promise than others, including cognitive behavioural therapy and brain training.
Early monitoring of parasitism by Aphidiinae parasitoids on the grain aphidSitobion miscanthiin wheat fields usingDNAbarcoding
Authors: Hu Xiang‐Shun , Peng Jing‐Feng , Wang Han , Han Shun‐Qin , Li Jing‐Wen , Yan Fan‐Ye , Zhou Zi‐Fang , Zhang Hao , Liu Tong‐Xian
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Sitobion miscanthiis a major wheat pest at the grain‐filling stage found in China. Identifying parasitoid species and understanding parasitism rates are keys to controlling the aphidsvianatural enemies in the wheat field.

RESULTS

In the present study, a method based on DNA barcoding for early determination of the community composition of Aphidiinae parasitoids and parasitism on the aphid was developed. The proposed method detectedAphidius gifuensisas the predominant parasite, with parasitism rates of 40.1 ± 2.8% in 2019 and 65.7 ± 3.7% in 2022, and found that the rate varied significantly among different wheat varieties.COIprimers efficiently amplified the Aphidiinae parasitoidsCOIfragments and amplified the aphidCOIfragments derived from parasitized (mummified)S. miscanthi. Thus, theCOIbarcode is not sufficiently specific to unambiguously detect immature parasitoids inside theirS. miscanthihosts. However, it can be used to detect the DNA extracted from mummified aphids. In contrast, the16SandLWRhprimers effectively amplified and identified the parasitoids in parasitized aphids. The16Sprimer was reliable even in the early stages of parasitism (24 h) and for DNA samples stored at −20 °C for 5 days. The three barcodes fromCOI,16S, andLWRhgenes could not clearly distinguish a few certain Aphidiinae species owing to relatively low intraspecific and interspecific diversity.

CONCLUSION

The morphological features remain indispensable when identifying Aphidiinae species. Nonetheless, theCOIand16Sprimers could be used in combination for monitoring the parasitism rates onS. miscanthiin wheat fields. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quercetin as a cancer chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent: Where we stand
Authors: Boretti Alberto
Published: November 2022

Quercetin has a wide range of potential health benefits, working as a direct or indirect agent or an adjuvant following different principles. It may be used as a generally useful or exclusive supplement, but also specifically used to treat an acute or chronic condition. Quercetin may work as a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, because this versatile substance, which owns antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, may also kill cancer cells and also holds senolytic properties. While both the specific chemo‐preventive or chemotherapeutic uses as a drug need clinical trials, it may be used without any contraindication as a general chemo‐preventive supplement.