bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the genetic footprint of fluctuating balancing selection: From the local to the genomic scale
Authors: Wittmann Meike J. , Mousset Sylvain , Hermisson Joachim
Published: July 2022

Natural selection not only affects the actual loci under selection but also leaves “footprints” in patterns of genetic variation in linked genetic regions. This offers exciting opportunities for inferring selection and for understanding the processes shaping levels of genetic variation in natural populations. Here we develop analytical approximations based on coalescent theory to characterize the genetic footprint of a complex, but potentially common type of natural selection: balancing selection with seasonally fluctuating allele frequencies. We show that seasonal allele frequency fluctuations can have important (and partly unexpected) consequences for the genetic footprint of balancing selection. As also confirmed by stochastic simulations, fluctuating balancing selection generally leads to an increase in genetic diversity close to the selected site, the effect of balancing selection, but reduces diversity further away from the selected site, which is a consequence of the allele-frequency fluctuations effectively producing recurrent bottlenecks of allelic backgrounds. This negative effect usually outweighs the positive effect when averaging diversity levels across the entire chromosome. Strong fluctuating balancing selection even induces a loss of genetic variation in unlinked regions, e.g. on different chromosomes. If many loci in the genome are simultaneously under fluctuating balancing selection this could lead to substantial genome-wide reductions in genetic diversity. This may be the case, even if allele-frequency fluctuations are so small that individual footprints are hard to detect. Thus, together with genetic drift, selective sweeps and background selection, fluctuating selection could be one of the major forces shaping levels of genetic diversity in natural populations.

Article summary

In some species with multiple generations per year, many loci in the genome experience strong seasonally fluctuating selection, in some cases with stable maintenance of polymorphism. Here we investigate the consequences for levels of genetic diversity at linked neutral sites. Using analytical approximations and stochastic simulations, we find a characteristic local genetic footprint with a diversity peak around the selected site and a diversity valley further away and a substantial reduction in diversity levels chromosome-wide and even genome-wide.
Interpreting Inverse Correlation Time: from Blood flow to Vascular Network
Authors: Fang Qingwei , Jafari Chakameh Z. , Engelmann Shaun , Tomar Alankrit , Dunn Andrew K.
Published: July 2022

The inverse correlation time (ICT) is a key quantity in laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) measurements. Traditionally, ICT is regarded as a metric of blood flow, such as speed or perfusion. However, we highlight that ICT not only contains important information about blood flow, but also reflects the underlying structure of the vascular network. In the past, ICT has been found to be correlated with vessel diameter. Here, we further report that ICT exhibits a different sensitivity to blood flow depending on vessel orientation. Specifically, ICT is more sensitive to blood flow speed changes in vessels descending from or arising to the tissue surface, compared with those laying parallel to the surface. Those findings shift our understanding of ICT from purely blood flow to a combination of blood flow and vascular network structure. We also develop theories to facilitate the study of vascular network’s impact on ICT.
Accelerated and Reproducible Fiji for image processing using GPUs on the cloud
Authors: Hung Ling-Hong , Straw Evan , Colburn Zachary , Yeung Ka Yee
Published: July 2022

Graphical processing units can greatly accelerate image processing but adoption has been hampered by the need for specialized hardware and software. The cloud offers inexpensive on-demand instances that can be pre-configured with the necessary software. Specifically, we use the Biodepot-workflow-builder (Bwb) to deploy a containerized version of Fiji that includes the CLIJ package to use GPUs on the cloud. In addition, we provide an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) with the correct drivers and Docker images pre-loaded. We demonstrate the portability and reproducibility of the platform by deploying an interactive Fiji/CLIJ workflow on both Amazon Web Services and IBM cloud. The workflows produce identical results while providing a 29-fold reduction in execution time.
Validity Assessment of Michigan’s Proposed qPCR Threshold Value for Rapid Water-Quality Monitoring of E. coli Contamination
Authors: McNair James N. , Lane Molly J. , Hart John J. , Porter Alexis M. , Briggs Shannon , Southwell Benjamin , Sivy Tami , Szlag David C. , Scull Brian T. , Pike Schuyler , Dreelin Erin , Vernier Chris , Carter Bonnie , Sharp Josh , Nowlin Penny , Rediske Richard R.
Published: July 2022

Michigan’s water-quality standards specify that E. coli concentrations at bathing beaches must not exceed 300 E. coli per 100 mL, as determined by the geometric mean of culture-based concentrations in three or more representative samples from a given beach on a given day. Culture-based analyses require 18–24 h to complete, so results are not available for issuing beach notifications (advisories or closings) until the day following collection. This one-day delay is problematic because E. coli concentrations at beaches can change markedly from one day to the next. qPCR-based E. coli concentrations, by contrast, can be obtained in only 3–4 h, making same-day beach notifications possible. Michigan has proposed a qPCR threshold value (qTV) for E. coli of 1.863 log10 gene copies per reaction as a potential equivalent value to the state standard, based on statistical analyses of a set of training data from 2016–2018. The main purpose of the present study is to assess the validity of the proposed qTV by determining whether the implied qPCR-based beach notification decisions agree well with culture-based decisions on two sets of test data (from 2016–2018 and 2019–2020), and whether performance of the proposed threshold is similar on the test and training data. The results show that performance of the proposed qTV on both sets of test data was consistently good (e.g., 95% agreement with culture-based beach notification decisions during 2019–2020) and was at least as good as its performance on the training data set, supporting its use as an equivalent value to the state standard.
eIF3 subunit M regulates blood meal digestion in Rhodnius prolixus affecting ecdysis, reproduction and survival
Authors: Ameijeiras Pilar , Capriotti Natalia , Ons Sheila , Oliveira Pedro L. , Sterkel Marcos
Published: July 2022

In triatomines, blood-feeding triggers many physiological processes, including post-embryonic development and reproduction. Different feeding habits, such as hematophagy, can shape gene functions to meet the challenges of each type of diet. A comparison of transcriptomic and proteomic data indicates that post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is crucial in triatomines, so we evaluated the impact of RNAi silencing of the eukaryotic translation initiation factors 3 subunit m (eIF3m) in R. prolixus physiology. We showed that eIF3m is essential for correct digestion, affecting the processes triggered by a blood meal. The silencing of this gene inhibited moulting and caused the premature death of nymphs, while in adult females inhibited oviposition and increased resistance to starvation. Male survival was not affected by eIF3m knockdown. The information regarding the eIF3m function in insects is scarce. The phenotypes observed in R. prolixus upon eIF3m gene silencing are different and more severe than those described in Drosophila melanogaster, pointing to the particular importance of this gene in triatomines.

Summary statement

The information provided here indicates the importance of mRNA translation in modulating growth, reproduction, lifespan and starvation resistance in triatomine vectors.
Frem1 activity regulated by Sonic Hedgehog signaling in the cranial neural crest mesenchyme guides midfacial morphogenesis
Authors: McLaughlin Matthew T. , Sun Miranda R. , Beames Tyler G. , Steward Austin C. , Theisen Joshua W. M. , Chung Hannah M. , Everson Joshua L. , Moskowitz Ivan P. , Sheets Michael D. , Lipinski Robert J.
Published: July 2022

The Frem/Fras family of extracellular matrix proteins has been linked to human face shape variation and malformation, but little is known about their regulation and biological roles in facial development. During midfacial morphogenesis in mice, we observed Frem1 expression in the embryonic growth centers that form the median upper lip, nose, and palate. Expansive spatial gradients of Frem1 expression in the cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) mesenchyme of these tissues suggested transcriptional regulation by a secreted morphogen. Accordingly, Frem1 expression paralleled that of the conserved Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) target gene Gli1 in the cNCC mesenchyme. Suggesting direct transcriptional regulation by Shh signaling, we found that Frem1 expression is induced by SHH ligand stimulation or downstream pathway activation in cNCCs and observed GLI transcription factor binding at the Frem1 transcriptional start site during midfacial morphogenesis. Shh pathway antagonism reduced Frem1 expression during pathogenesis of midfacial hypoplasia, and FREM1 was sufficient to induce cNCC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanism by which the Shh pathway drives midfacial morphogenesis and reveal a functional role for Frem1 in cNCC biology that establishes the developmental basis for FREM1-associated face shape variation and malformation.
Dynamic cortical and tractography atlases of proactive and reactive alpha and high-gamma activities
Authors: Ono Hiroya , Sonoda Masaki , Sakakura Kazuki , Kitazawa Yu , Mitsuhashi Takumi , Firestone Ethan , Luat Aimee F. , Marupudi Neena I. , Sood Sandeep , Asano Eishi
Published: July 2022

Alpha waves - posterior-dominant rhythms at 8-12 Hz reactive to eye opening and closure - are among the most fundamental EEG findings in clinical practice and research since Hans Berger first documented them in the early 20th century. Yet, the exact network dynamics of alpha waves in regard to eye movements remains unknown. High-gamma activity at 70-110 Hz is also reactive to eye movements and a summary measure of local cortical activation supporting sensorimotor or cognitive function. We aimed to build the first-ever brain atlases directly visualizing the network dynamics of eye movement-related alpha and high-gamma modulations, at cortical and white matter levels. We studied 28 patients (age: 5-20 years) who underwent intracranial EEG and electrooculography recordings. We measured alpha and high-gamma modulations at 2,170 electrode sites outside the seizure onset zone, interictal spike-generating areas, and MRI-visible structural lesions. Dynamic tractography animated white matter streamlines modulated significantly and simultaneously beyond chance, on a millisecond scale.Before eye closure onset, significant alpha augmentation occurred at the occipital and frontal cortices.After eye closure onset, alpha-based functional connectivity was strengthened, while high gamma-based connectivity was weakened extensively in both intrahemispheric and interhemispheric pathways involving the central visual areas. The inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus supported the strengthened alpha coaugmentation-based functional connectivity between occipital and frontal lobe regions, whereas the posterior corpus callosum supported the interhemispheric functional connectivity between the occipital lobes.After eye opening offset, significant high gamma augmentation and alpha attenuation occurred at occipital, fusiform, and inferior parietal cortices. High gamma coaugmentation-based functional connectivity was strengthened, whereas alpha-based connectivity was weakened in the posterior interhemispheric and intrahemispheric white matter pathways involving central and peripheral visual areas.Proactiveandreactivealpha waves involve extensive, distinct white matter networks that include the frontal lobe cortices, along with low- and high-order visual areas. High-gamma co-attenuation coupled to alpha co-augmentation in shared brain circuitry after eye closure supports the notion of an idling role for alpha waves during eye closure. These dynamic tractography atlases may improve understanding of the significance of EEG alpha waves in assessing the functional integrity of brain networks in clinical practice; they also may help elucidate the effects of eye movements on task-related brain network measures observed in cognitive neuroscience research.
Range Expansion and Breeding of White-cheeked Duck (Anas bahamensis) in the High Andes
Authors: Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Izurieta Mirjaya , Peñaherrera Emilia , Musschenga Maartje
Published: July 2022

We review the distribution of White-cheeked DuckAnas bahamensis rubrirostrisin mainland Ecuador and show that the species is expanding its range significantly. Contrary to published records,A. b. rubrirostrishas been present in mainland Ecuador at least since the early 20thcentury, although probably in low numbers. During the 20th century, the species increased its range along the entire coastlands of Ecuador and nowadays, it has reached the coasts of Colombia. The species has also extended its presence along the Andes, and we report the first breeding records ofA. b. rubrirostrisin the Andes at altitudes between 2360–2440 m, the highest across the entire range of the species. We describe the transitioning plumage between duckling–juveniles, which has not been portrayed in detail before.
Development of a bispecific Antibody–Drug Conjugate targeting CD7 and CD33 to treat Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Duckworth Andrew D. , Eberlein Cath , Pollard Victoria , Bethell Richard , Schon Oliver , Slupsky Joseph R. , Woolley John F. , Thorn (nee Daniels) Tiffany
Published: July 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy of the bone marrow associated with poor outcomes and limited treatment options available to patients. Recent developments have demonstrated that patient stratification based on disease classification (e.g. somatic mutations) allows for selective treatment regimens and greatly improved outcomes. AML patients can also be stratified based upon the heterogeneous immunophenotype of surface antigen expression on leukemic blasts and stem cells. Here we present data identifying a sub-population of AML patients showing expression of both CD33 and CD7 on their tumour cells, using mass cytometry. This combination of antigens is disease-specific, and is not expressed on healthy haematopoietic cells in patients. We developed a bispecific antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) targeting both CD7 and CD33 and demonstrate that these bispecific ADCs are cytotoxic to AML cells in vitro. Importantly, the anti-CD33/CD7 bispecific ADCs are more selective than single-antigen targeting ADCs and safely discriminate tumour from healthy cells (either myeloid or lymphoid). These anti-CD33/CD7 bispecific ADCs are well tolerated and selectively target AML cells in pre-clinical in vivo studies in mice. This study presents the first proof-of-principle for targeting specific and unique combinations of surface antigens on tumour cells with potential to overcome observed toxicities with current ADCs.
The energetics of rapid cellular mechanotransduction
Authors: Young Michael N. , Sindoni Michael J. , Lewis Amanda H. , Zauscher Stefan , Grandl Jörg
Published: July 2022

Cells throughout the human body detect mechanical forces. While it is known that the rapid (millisecond) detection of mechanical forces is mediated by force-gated ion channels, a detailed quantitative understanding of cells as sensors of mechanical energy is still lacking. Here, we combine atomic force microscopy with patch-clamp electrophysiology to determine the physical limits of cells expressing the force-gated ion channels Piezo1, Piezo2, TREK1, and TRAAK. We find that, depending on the ion channel expressed, cells can function either as proportional or nonlinear transducers of mechanical energy, detect mechanical energies as little as ∼100 fJ, and with a resolution of up to ∼1 fJ. These specific energetic values depend on cell size, channel density, and cytoskeletal architecture. We also make the surprising discovery that cells can transduce forces either nearly instantaneously (< 1ms), or with substantial time delay (∼10 ms). Using a chimeric experimental approach and simulations we show how such delays can emerge from channel-intrinsic properties and the slow diffusion of tension in the membrane. Overall, our experiments reveal the capabilities and limits of cellular mechanosensing and provide insights into molecular mechanisms that different cell types may employ to specialize for their distinct physiological roles.
The effects of crank power and cadence on muscle fascicle shortening velocities, muscle activations and joint-powers during cycling
Authors: Riveros-Matthey Cristian , Carroll Timothy J. , Lichtwark Glen A. , Connick Mark J.
Published: July 2022

Whilst people typically chose to locomote in most economical fashion, during cycling on a bicycle they will, unusually, chose cadences that are higher than metabolically optimal. Empirical measurements of the intrinsic contractile properties of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during submaximal cycling suggest that the cadences that people prefer (i.e., self-selected cadences: SSC) allow for optimal muscle fascicle shortening velocity for the production of knee extensor muscle power. It remains unclear, however, whether this is consistent across different power outputs where SSC is known to might be affected. We examined the effect of cadence and external power requirements on muscle neuromechanics and joint powers during cycling. VL fascicle shortening velocities, muscle activations and joint-specific powers were measured during cycling between 60 and 120rpm (and the SSC), while participants produced 10%, 30%, and 50% of peak maximal power. VL shortening velocity increased as cadence increased but was similar across the different power outputs. Although no differences were found in the distribution of joint powers across cadence conditions, the absolute knee joint power increased with increasing crank power output. Muscle fascicle shortening velocities increase in VL at the SSC as pedal power demands increase from submaximal to maximal cycling. It therefore seems highly unlikely that preferred cadence is primarily driven by the desire to maintain “optimal” muscle fascicle shortening velocities. A secondary analysis of muscle activation patterns revealed that minimizing muscle activation is likely more important when choosing a cadence for given pedal power demand.
Modeling the Indian households' intention to adopt the solar net metering system
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Kaushik Arun Kumar , Singh Gubir
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The present study aims to develop and offer a model to evaluate the customers' attitude and intention to adopt solar net metering systems (commonly called solar NMS) in a developing economy. Therefore, the research examines different factors affecting the Indian households' attitudes and intention to adopt solar NMS.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from 247 solar NMS users from India. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was applied using SmartPLS 3.3.2 software to analyze the impact of various factors on their adoption intention. The conceptual model comprises environmental concern, perceived ease of use (PEOU), subjective norms, perceived usefulness (PU), attitude and behavioral intention to adopt solar NMS.

Findings

Subjective norms and environmental concerns significantly influence the PU and PEOU of solar NMS. Also, PU and PEOU significantly influence their attitude and intentions toward adopting solar NMS. Thus, the perceived social pressure and environmental concern affect their perception of solar NMS's usefulness and ease of use, leading to favorable attitudes and adoption intentions. Additionally, the solar NMS benefits the customers, society and the environment by enhancing environmental quality, compatibility with the modern lifestyle, and reducing dependency on the power grid and electricity bills. These benefits shape the customers' overall perception and increase the adoption of solar technologies.

Originality/value

The present research helps bridge the gaps in the existing literature by identifying (1) factors affecting customers' intention toward solar technologies in developing nations and (2) describing the significant prediction of environmental concern and subjective norms to increase solar technologies adoption.
Time to call time on emerging markets: a critique and a new agenda
Authors: Akbar Yusaf
Published: July 2022

Purpose

First developed in the 1980s, one of the most essential ideas in international business research has the been the concept of emerging markets. Since the start of the twenty-first century, empirical research has shown that there is no clear correlation between long-term real growth in gross domestic product and real equity returns in firms active in emerging markets. The purpose of this paper is to develop an explanation for both the pervasiveness and endurance of the emerging market discourse despite empirical evidence that substantially questions its very robustness.

Design/methodology/approach

The author offers a “weak form” critique of the emerging market discourse that identifies weaknesses and gaps in the emerging market concept and offers suggestions on how to modify it without fundamentally rejecting its conceptual and ideological core. This paper also offers a “strong form” critique of emerging markets as a discourse arguing that the discourse itself is actually propagated to maintain and reinforce global economic inequality and should, therefore, be fundamentally transformed.

Findings

Based on the strong form critique of emerging markets discourse, this paper shows how a three-phase process allows emerging market discourse to engender strategic and public policy practice. Scholars and educators play a pivotal role through their writing and discursive interactions with students and executives in their classroom. The centrality of scholars and educators is supported by the broader media ecosystem as well as being reinforced by interactions between executives and policymakers.

Practical implications

This paper makes the case that international business scholars and educators should play a leading role in fundamentally transforming the emerging market discourse and to launch a renewed critical, inter-subjective discussion of dependency and global inequality through three mechanisms: peer-review research; course syllabi and programs; and public intellectualism.

Originality/value

Through critical discourse analysis, this paper addresses for the first time how emerging markets as a concept has prospered in academic and managerial circles despite credible empirical evidence of its lack of robustness.
Mining the determinants of review helpfulness: a novel approach using intelligent feature engineering and explainable AI
Authors: Kim Jiho , Lee Hanjun , Lee Hongchul
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to find determinants that can predict the helpfulness of online customer reviews (OCRs) with a novel approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach consists of feature engineering using various text mining techniques including BERT and machine learning models that can classify OCRs according to their potential helpfulness. Moreover, explainable artificial intelligence methodologies are used to identify the determinants for helpfulness.

Findings

The important result is that the boosting-based ensemble model showed the highest prediction performance. In addition, it was confirmed that the sentiment features of OCRs and the reputation of reviewers are important determinants that augment the review helpfulness.

Research limitations/implications

Each online community has different purposes, fields and characteristics. Thus, the results of this study cannot be generalized. However, it is expected that this novel approach can be integrated with any platform where online reviews are used.

Originality/value

This paper incorporates feature engineering methodologies for online reviews, including the latest methodology. It also includes novel techniques to contribute to ongoing research on mining the determinants of review helpfulness.
Ethical reputation and retail bank selection: a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study in an emerging economy
Authors: Butt Irfan , Ul-Haq Shoaib , Shareef Mahmud A. , Chowdhury Abdul Hannan , Ahmed Jashim Uddin
Published: July 2022

Purpose

In this study, the authors examine how a retail bank's positive, neutral, and negative prior ethical reputations influence customers' perceptions and attitudes, leading to their bank selection decisions and also analyze whether there is a trade-off between a bank's negative prior ethical reputation and its functional benefits to customers.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors followed a sequential exploratory mixed-methods research design with two studies. The authors’ first study was qualitative, in which the authors conducted interviews and focus groups with banking customers in Pakistan. The results of this study were used to generate hypotheses that were tested in the second study using random choice experiments.

Findings

The results indicate that positive and neutral prior ethical reputations do not significantly impact customers' choices; however, a negative reputation does affect selection. The results also show that customers punished negative reputations, even when the associated functional benefits were higher than the alternatives.

Originality/value

This is one of the first mixed-methods studies in an emerging economy context to consider the impact of ethical reputation on consumer orientation and bank selection decisions.
Testing middle range theories in realist evaluation: a case of a participatory organisational intervention
Authors: Roodbari Hamid , Nielsen Karina , Axtell Carolyn , Peters Susan E. , Sorensen Glorian
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Realist evaluation seeks to answer the question of “what works for whom in which circumstances?” through developing and testing middle range theories (MRTs). MRTs are programme theories that outline how certain mechanisms of an intervention work in a specific context to bring about certain outcomes. In this paper, the authors tested an initial MRT about the mechanism of participation. The authors used evidence from a participatory organisational intervention in five worksites of a large multi-national organisation in the US food service industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative data from 89 process tracking documents and 24 post-intervention, semi-structured interviews with intervention stakeholders were analysed using template analysis.

Findings

The operationalised mechanism was partial worksite managers’ engagement with the research team. Six contextual factors (e.g. high workload) impaired participation, and one contextual factor (i.e. existing participatory practices) facilitated participation. Worksite managers’ participation resulted in limited improvement in their awareness of how working conditions can impact on their employees’ safety, health, and well-being. Based on these findings, the authors modified the initial MRT into an empirical MRT.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the understanding of “what works for whom in which circumstances” regarding participation in organisational interventions.
A closer look at diversity and performance in family firms
Authors: Mubarka Khadija , Kammerlander Nadine H.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Ownership structure plays a significant role in determining board demographic diversity. However, it is still unclear how different ownership configurations impact the structures of firm's boards and how board diversity influences firm performance. This study aims to investigate the relationship between family ownership and board diversity. Therefore, in this study, the authors argue that family firms have a lower level of board demographic diversity (in terms of age, gender and nationality) than non-family firms and that board diversity moderates the relationship between ownership and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the authors’ hypotheses, we draw data from a sample of 341 German family and non-family firms for a period of five years.

Findings

The results show that family firms are less diverse in terms of age, gender and nationality diversity than non-family firms.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the general understanding of family firms and in particular the role ownership plays in shaping board demographic diversity.
Artificial intelligence-enabled personalization in interactive marketing: a customer journey perspective
Authors: Gao Youjiang , Liu Hongfei
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has revolutionized customers' interactive marketing experience. Although there have been a substantial number of studies exploring the application of AI in interactive marketing, personalization as an important concept remains underexplored in AI marketing research and practices. This study aims to introduce the concept of AI-enabled personalization (AIP), understand the applications of AIP throughout the customer journey and draw up a future research agenda for AIP.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon Lemon and Verhoef's customer journey, the authors explore relevant literature and industry observations on AIP applications in interactive marketing. The authors identify the dilemmas of AIP practices in different stages of customer journeys and make important managerial recommendations in response to such dilemmas.

Findings

AIP manifests itself as personalized profiling, navigation, nudges and retention in the five stages of the customer journey. In response to the dilemmas throughout the customer journey, the authors developed a series of managerial recommendations. The paper is concluded by highlighting the future research directions of AIP, from the perspectives of conceptualization, contextualization, application, implication and consumer interactions.

Research limitations/implications

New conceptual ideas are presented in respect of how to harness AIP in the interactive marketing field. This study highlights the tensions in personalization research in the digital age and sets future research agenda.

Practical implications

This paper reveals the dilemmas in the practices of personalization marketing and proposes managerial implications to address such dilemmas from both the managerial and technological perspectives.

Originality/value

This is one of the first research papers dedicated to the application of AI in interactive marketing through the lenses of personalization. This paper pushes the boundaries of AI research in the marketing field. Drawing upon AIP research and managerial issues, the authors specify the AI–customer interactions along the touch points in the customer journey in order to inform and inspire future AIP research and practices.
The buffering effect of micro-daily events on the relationship between the dark triad traits and counterproductive work behavior
Authors: Junça-Silva Ana , Silva Daniel
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the moderating role of micro-events on the relationship between the three Dark Triad dimensions and counterproductive work-brehaviors. The social exchange theory and the person–situation interactionist model supported this study’s model that analyzed whether micro-events at work would moderate the relationship between the three dimensions of the dark triad personality (Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism) and specific types of counterproductive work behaviors (CWB; toward the organization, and the individual).

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this goal, this study used a sample of 241 currently employed participants.

Findings

The results showed that individuals who scored higher on their dark triad traits engaged more frequently in CWB; however, when they experienced more daily uplifts than daily hassles, their CWBs significantly decreased.

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional design should be regarded as a limitation, and the authors assessed all the variables through self-reported measures.

Originality/value

Such results proved to be fundamental for a better understanding of employees’ behavior, as well as the impact of micro-events in the organizational settings.
Impact of workplace safety on well-being: the mediating role of thriving at work
Authors: Okros Norberth , Virga Delia
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Based on the socially embedded model of thriving at work and using the conservation of resources and job demands-resources theories, this study aims to examine the mediating role of thriving at work, as a personal resource, in the relationship between workplace safety, as job resource, and well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model on a sample of 350 correctional officers.

Findings

The results provided support to the authors' model. The authors found that workplace safety is positively linked to job satisfaction and negatively to health complaints, and these relationships are partially mediated by thriving at work. Consistent with the conservation of resources theory, thriving at the workplace is a mechanism that translates the positive effect of workplace safety on well-being.

Originality/value

The contribution of this research resides that a safe work environment leads to improved health and job satisfaction via thriving at work because thriving correctional officers feel energetic and able to acquire and apply knowledge and skills at workplace.
Changing profile of Helicobacter pylori primary antibiotic resistance in Singapore over two decades
Authors: Pei Yiying , Ang Daphne , Kwek Andrew Boon Eu , Ang Tiing Leong
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Antibiotic resistance is a key reason for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment failure and updated local data are important to guide the choice of empiric first‐line therapy. Clarithromycin‐based triple therapy (TT) is currently the first‐line treatment in Singapore. Our primary aim was to determine the change in pattern of primary antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in Singapore as well as TT success rate.

Methods

A registry of H. pylori isolates was tested for primary antibiotic resistance and were analyzed from year 2001 to 2020. Treatment outcome data based on 13C‐urea breath test (13C‐UBT) results of empiric first‐line 2‐week TT from 2019 to 2020 were also analyzed retrospectively.

Results

A total of 387 H. pylori isolates were included. Rates of resistance to clarithromycin as well as tetracycline showed a downtrend in the last 5 years (clarithromycin: 2001–2002: 8.57%; 2007–2008: 14.14%; 2013–2014: 18.09%; 2019–2020: 13.71%; tetracycline: 2001–2002: 5.71%; 2007–2008: 7.07%; 2013–2014: 7.45%; 2019–2020: 0%). The resistance rate for amoxicillin remained low (2001–2002: 2.86%; 2007–2008: 5.05%; 2013–2014: 4.26%; 2019–2020: 7.26%). There was a steady increase in the rate of levofloxacin resistance (2001–2002: 5.71%; 2007–2008: 11.11%; 2013–2014: 15.96%; 2019–2020: 16.94%). From 2019 to 2020, the rate of successful TT was 91.67% (891/972).

Conclusion

The latest rate of clarithromycin resistance in 2019 to 2020 remained below the threshold of 15% and eradication rates remain high; thus, TT remains appropriate as an empiric first‐line treatment in Singapore.
2020 Council on Anthropology & Education Presidential Address Decolonizing Education: Roles for Anthropology
Authors: Demerath Peter
Published: July 2022

In this address I identify specific and unique roles anthropology can play in the necessary work of decolonizing education. These include: building anti‐racist schools that honor all “ways of being human”; decolonizing school leadership and working towards culture creation for equity and anti‐racism; decolonizing teaching and learning and honoring how humans learn best; decolonizing teacher education; decolonizing student‐teacher relationships; putting the social in social and emotional learning; and decolonizing education research and policy.
Challenges, solutions and future directions for public health innovations targeting dementia prevention for rural and remote populations
Authors: Dodds Laura , Siette Joyce
Published: July 2022

Currently, individuals living in rural and remote areas experience 1.4 times the total burden of chronic disease, including an 80% greater risk of late‐life cognitive impairment and dementia, 2.5 times the number of preventable hospitalisations and a reduced life expectancy of up to 12 years compared to their metropolitan counterparts. Traditionally, health service planning and public health interventions have been largely built on the needs and characteristics of metropolitan populations. This disproportional focus can contribute to significant physical and cognitive health status disparities for rural and remote communities. This article focuses on existing challenges and strategies surrounding the cognitive health of rural and remote populations and provides short and long‐term opportunities involving Australian public health policy and clinical practice to innovate dementia prevention for rural and remote communities.
The Post‐War Australian Objective in Papua‐New Guinea: Liberal Ambition or Colonial Control?
Authors: Underhill Brad
Published: July 2022

This article contributes to current historical debate surrounding Australia's post‐war colonial development of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. It examines the strategic motivation of both the Chifley Labor and Menzies Liberal/Country governments and explains how the intent of Australian government plans satisfied a broad political consensus, from Fabian policymakers of the Labor Left to the progressive wing of the Liberal Party. In this way, this article builds upon Scott MacWilliam's recent assessment of long‐term Territories Minister, Paul Hasluck, as a “liberal developer”. However, in regard to application of policy, despite the appearance of positive and progressive development plans, the lived reality for local people was that the Australian government often did not deliver on these aspirations. Moreover, in circumstances where subjugated people did not fit within an expected narrative of the compliant or Westernised “native”, on the ground in the villages the government appeared to prioritise control over Indigenous autonomy. This article explores the dichotomy of these positions, of liberal ambition versus colonial control, and explains why this fundamentally influenced both the effectiveness of government programmes and the lived experience of Papua New Guineans.
Prevalence of allergic sensitization with vernal keratoconjunctivitis: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Rasmussen Marie Louise Roed , D'Souza Maria , Topal Divan Gabriel , Gradman Josefine , Larsen Dorte Ancher , Lehrmann Bettina Behrmann , Kjær Henrik Fomsgaard , Kessel Line , Subhi Yousif
Published: July 2022

To determine the prevalence of allergic sensitization in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and to provide an overview of published studies on this topic. We systematically searched 11 literature databases on 24 May 2021, for studies with cross‐sectional data on the prevalence of positive allergy tests in patients with VKC. Our main outcome of interest was the prevalence of allergic sensitization and the allergens involved. Prevalence meta‐analyses were made to provide summary estimates. We identified 33 eligible studies for qualitative review with 2122 patients with VKC. Studies were predominantly based on patients seen in ophthalmology clinics. Overall, studies reported that the most prevalent positive allergen tests were the inhaled allergens house dust mites and pollen. Twenty‐nine studies were eligible for the quantitative analysis. Here, we calculated the prevalence of allergen‐positive patients to 57.7% (95% confidence interval: 52.5%–62.8%). Subgroup analyses of pooled estimates on sensitization based on specific testing methods found prevalence estimates of 51.4% for conjunctival provocation test, 68.7% for total tear IgE, 58.9% for specific tear IgE, and 58.2% for skin prick test. The prevalence of allergic sensitization in patients with VKC is 57.7%, and mostly towards inhaled allergens. The most frequent positive allergens are house dust mites and pollen. Identifying possible clinically relevant allergens provide information that may aid in managing VKC, such as environmental allergy‐avoidance or allergy‐specific treatment.
Sugar‐sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and natural juices and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study of 121,490 participants
Authors: Fu Tian , Chen Hui , Chen Xuejie , Sun Yuhao , Xie Ying , Deng Minzi , Hesketh Therese , Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Jie
Published: July 2022

Background

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been related to high‐sugar dietary patterns, but the associations of different types of beverages with IBD risk are largely unknown.

Aims

To examine any associations between intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and natural juices and IBD risk

Methods

This cohort study included 121,490 participants in the UK Biobank who were free of IBD at recruitment. Intake of beverages was obtained from repeated 24‐h diet recalls in 2009–2012. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of beverage intake with IBD risk.

Results

During a mean (standard deviation) follow‐up of 10.2 (1.5) years, we documented 510 incident IBD cases, (143 Crohn's disease (CD) and 367 ulcerative colitis (UC)). Compared to non‐consumers, participants consuming >1 unit per day of sugar‐sweetened beverages were at significantly higher risk of IBD (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11–2.05), but the trend was non‐significant (p‐trend = 0.170). This association was significant for CD (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.22–3.46), but not for UC (HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.89–1.92). We did not observe significant associations for the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages or natural juices.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest an association between consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages, rather than artificially sweetened beverages or natural juices, and IBD risk.
Reactions to research on sex differences: Effect of sex favoured, researcher sex, and importance of sex‐difference domain
Authors: Stewart‐Williams Steve , Wong Xiu Ling , Chang Chern Yi Marybeth , Thomas Andrew G.
Published: July 2022

Two studies (total N = 778) looked at (1) how people react to research finding a sex difference depending on whether the research puts men or women in a better light and (2) how well people can predict the average man and average woman's reactions. Participants read a fictional popular‐science article about fictional research finding either a male‐ or a female‐favouring sex difference. The research was credited to either a male or a female lead researcher. In both studies, both sexes reacted less positively to differences favouring males; in contrast to our earlier research, however, the effect was larger among female participants. Contrary to a widespread expectation, participants did not react less positively to research led by a female. Participants did react less positively, though, to research led by a male when the research reported a male‐favouring difference in a highly valued trait. Participants judged male‐favouring research to be lower in quality than female‐favouring research, apparently in large part because they saw the former as more harmful. In both studies, participants predicted that the average man and woman would exhibit substantial own‐sex favouritism, with both sexes predicting more own‐sex favouritism from the other sex than the other sex predicted from itself. In making these predictions, participants overestimated women's own‐sex favouritism, and got the direction of the effect wrong for men. A greater understanding of the tendency to overestimate gender‐ingroup bias could help quell antagonisms between the sexes.
N4BP3 promotes angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by binding with KAT2B
Authors: Han Hexu , Zhu Wei , Lin Ting , Liu Cuixia , Zhai Hengyong
Published: July 2022

Although angiogenesis is a critical event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and this process provides the tumor with sufficient oxygen and nutrients, the precise molecular mechanism by which it occurs is not fully understood. NEDD4 binding protein 3 (N4BP3) was identified in this study as a novel pro‐angiogenic factor in HCC cell lines and tissues. We discovered that N4BP3 was significantly expressed in HCC and that its level of expression was positively correlated with the density of tumor microvessels in HCC tissues. Cell biology experiments have shown that N4BP3 knockdown in HCC cells significantly inhibits the formation of complete tubular structures by HUVECs in vitro and HCC angiogenesis in vivo. In HCC cells, overexpression of N4BP3 has the opposite effects. Further cell and molecular biology experiments have revealed that N4BP3 interacts with KAT2B (lysine acetyltransferase 2B), increasing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression by regulating the distribution of acetyl‐histone H3 (Lys27) (H3K27ac) in its promoter region. This, in addition, regulates the activity of the STAT3 signaling pathway, which promotes the proliferation of microvessels in HCC and accelerates the malignant process of the tumor. In vivo experiments in nude mice have confirmed our findings, and also suggested that N4BP3 could be a potential target for the treatment of HCC in combination with sorafenib.
Comparison of metabolic profiles in aqueous humour of Fuchs' syndrome and presumed viral‐induced anterior uveitis patients
Authors: Ding Jiadong , Su Guannan , Wang Huafei , Tian Xin , Xu Jing , Li Na , Luo Xiang , Yang Peizeng
Published: July 2022

Background

To investigate and compare the metabolic profiles in the aqueous humour of Han Chinese patients with Fuchs' syndrome and presumed viral‐induced anterior uveitis (PVIAU).

Methods

The metabolites in the aqueous humour of 20 Fuchs' syndrome patients, 20 PVIAU patients and 20 senile cataract control patients were detected by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites were analysed by Student's t test, multivariate analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was applied to explore the potential disrupted metabolic pathways in Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU.

Results

Comparisons of metabolic profiles identified 29 differential metabolites between Fuchs' syndrome patients and controls, 36 differential metabolites between PVIAU patients and controls, and 30 differential metabolites between Fuchs' syndrome patients and PVIAU patients. DL‐serine was markedly elevated in Fuchs' syndrome, and 1‐palmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine in PVIAU. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the differential metabolites in Fuchs' syndrome compared with control were mostly enriched in central carbon metabolism in cancer, adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters and mineral absorption, while those in PVIAU compared with control were mostly enriched in protein digestion and absorption, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and ABC transporters. The metabolic pathways differentially affected in Fuchs' syndrome compared to PVIAU included central carbon metabolism in cancer, protein digestion and absorption and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.

Conclusions

In Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU patients, the aqueous humour exhibited specific metabolic profiles and enriched metabolic pathways, which provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU in Han Chinese patients.