bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Efficacy of Chest Computed Tomography with a Dual-Reviewer Approach in Patients Diagnosed with Pneumonia Secondary to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Authors: Castellanos-Bermejo Jaime E. , Cervantes-Guevara Gabino , Cervantes-Pérez Enrique , Cervantes-Cardona Guillermo A. , Ramírez-Ochoa Sol , Fuentes-Orozco Clotilde , Delgado-Hernández Gonzalo , Tavares-Ortega Jaime A. , Gómez-Mejía Erika , Chejfec-Ciociano Jonathan M. , Flores-Prado Juan A. , Barbosa-Camacho Francisco J. , González-Ojeda Alejandro
Published: August 2023

To compare the diagnostic effectiveness of chest computed tomography (CT) utilizing a single- versus a dual-reviewer approach in patients with pneumonia secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we conducted a retrospective observational study of data from a cross-section of 4809 patients with probable SARS-CoV-2 from March to November 2020. All patients had a CT radiological report and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. A dual-reviewer approach was applied to two groups while conducting a comparative examination of the data. Reviewer 1 reported 108 patients negative and 374 patients positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in group A, and 266 negative and 142 positive in group B. Reviewer 2 reported 150 patients negative and 332 patients positive for COVID-19 in group A, and 277 negative and 131 positive in group B. The consensus result reported 87 patients negative and 395 positive for COVID-19 in group A and 274 negative and 134 positive in group B. These findings suggest that a dual-reviewer approach improves chest CT diagnosis compared to a conventional single-reviewer approach.
Environmental Monitoring in Bus Transportation Using a Developed Measurement System
Authors: Todorov Apostol , Gicheva Petya , Stoykova Vanya , Karapetkov Stanimir , Uzunov Hristo , Dechkova Silvia , Zlatev Zlatin
Published: August 2023

Air pollution and travel comfort in public transport is a significant problem as it can cause health problems for passengers. There are no sufficiently developed and researched monitoring systems for measuring the quality of the environment in public transport, which makes it difficult to assess the extent of the problem and implement effective solutions. This study presents the results of measurements made with a developed system for assessing air pollution and environmental quality in urban transport. Two time periods were defined based on air pollution and traffic levels, and informational features were selected for bus stops and buses. Noise was found not to be an informative feature, but vehicle acceleration should be considered in environmental quality monitoring. A quadratic discriminant classifier combined with principal components was shown to accurately classify high and low pollution time periods. Further research is planned to investigate the relationship between air pollution and travel discomfort and to develop effective strategies to improve air quality in urban public transport.
cmv1-Mediated Resistance to CMV in Melon Can Be Overcome by Mixed Infections with Potyviruses
Authors: Giordano Andrea , Ferriol Inmaculada , López-Moya Juan José , Martín-Hernández Ana Montserrat
Published: August 2023

Resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain LS in melon is controlled by the gene cmv1, which restricts phloem entry. In nature, CMV is commonly found in mixed infections, particularly with potyviruses, where a synergistic effect is frequently produced. We have explored the possibility that this synergism could help CMV-LS to overcome cmv1-mediated resistance. We demonstrate that during mixed infection with a potyvirus, CMV-LS is able to overcome cmv1-controlled resistance and develop a systemic infection and that this ability does not depend on an increased accumulation of CMV-LS in mechanically inoculated cotyledons. Likewise, during a mixed infection initiated by aphids, the natural vector of both cucumoviruses and potyviruses that can very efficiently inoculate plants with a low number of virions, CMV-LS also overcomes cmv1-controlled resistance. This indicates that in the presence of a potyvirus, even a very low amount of inoculum, can be sufficient to surpass the resistance and initiate the infection. These results indicate that there is an important risk for this resistance to be broken in nature as a consequence of mixed infections, and therefore, its deployment in elite cultivars would not be enough to ensure a long-lasting resistance.
CAR-T Cell Therapy for HIV Cure
Authors: Salgado Maria
Published: August 2023

The HIV-1 latent reservoir is considered the major barrier to achieve the eradication, although some evidences indicate that curing HIV-1 is a feasible goal [...]
Lung Ultrasound in Predicting Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Schäfer Valentin Sebastian , Recker Florian , Kretschmer Edgar , Putensen Christian , Ehrentraut Stefan Felix , Staerk Christian , Fleckenstein Tobias , Mayr Andreas , Seibel Armin , Schewe Jens-Christian , Petzinna Simon Michael
Published: August 2023

Pulmonary involvement due to SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. Consequently, pulmonary imaging is crucial for management of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of lung ultrasound (LUS) with a handheld ultrasound device (HHUD) in patients with COVID-19 treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Therefore, patients underwent LUS with a HHUD every two days until they were either discharged from the intensive care unit or died. The study was conducted at the University Hospital of Bonn’s anesthesiological intensive care ward from December 2020 to August 2021. A total of 33 patients (median [IQR]: 56.0 [53–60.5] years) were included. A high LUS score was associated with a decreased P/F ratio (repeated measures correlation [rmcorr]: −0.26; 95% CI: −0.34, −0.15; p < 0.001), increased extravascular lung water, defined as fluid accumulation in the pulmonary interstitium and alveoli (rmcorr: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.20; p = 0.030), deteriorated electrolyte status (base excess: rmcorr: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.24; p = 0.004; pH: rmcorr: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.21; p = 0.001), and decreased pulmonary compliance (rmcorr: −0.10; 95% CI: −0.20, −0.01; p = 0.034). The maximum LUS score was lower in survivors (median difference [md]: −0.35; 95% CI: −0.55, −0.06; p = 0.006). A cutoff value for non-survival was calculated at a LUS score of 2.63. At the time of maximum LUS score, P/F ratio (md: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.76; p < 0.001) and pulmonary compliance (md: 18.67; 95% CI: 3.33, 37.15; p = 0.018) were higher in surviving patients. In conclusion, LUS with a HHUD enables continuous evaluation of cardiopulmonary function in COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO support therapy and provides prognostic value in determining the patients’ likelihood of survival.
Efficiency of CIN2+ Detection by Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) Site-Specific Methylation
Authors: Chaiwongkot Arkom , Buranapraditkun Supranee , Oranratanaphan Shina , Chuen-Im Thanaporn , Kitkumthorn Nakarin
Published: August 2023

Cervical cancer screening typically involves a Pap smear combined with high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) detection. Women with hr-HPV positivity but normal cytology, as well as those with precancerous abnormal cytology, such as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade SIL (HSIL), are referred for colposcopy and histology examination to identify abnormal lesions, such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. However, in order to enhance the accuracy of detection, bioinformatics analysis of a microarray database was performed, which identified cg01009664, a methylation marker of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Consequently, a real-time PCR assay was developed to distinguish CIN2+ (CIN2, CIN3, and cervical cancer) from CIN2- (CIN1 and normal cervical epithelia). The real-time PCR assay utilized specific primers targeting methylated cg01009664 sites, whereas an unmethylated reaction was used to check the DNA quality. A cut-off value for the methylated reaction of Ct < 33 was established, resulting in improved precision in identifying CIN2+. In the first cohort group, the assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.7% and a specificity of 98.6%. In the cytology samples identified as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and LSIL, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting CIN2+ were 95.0% and 98.9%, respectively. However, when self-collected samples from women with confirmed histology were tested, the sensitivity for CIN2+ detection dropped to 49.15%, while maintaining a specificity of 100%. Notably, the use of clinician-collected samples increased the sensitivity of TRH methylation testing. TRH methylation analysis can effectively identify women who require referral for colposcopy examinations, aiding in the detection of CIN2+.
Japanese Magazine Articles on Lifestyle Factors Associated with Fertility: A Content Analysis
Authors: Yokota Rie , Okuhara Tsuyoshi , Okada Hiroko , Furukawa Emi , Kiuchi Takahiro
Published: August 2023

Knowledge of the contributing factors of infertility is essential to optimizing the reproductive health of the population. Magazines are a major source of informational health messages; this study quantitatively and inductively examined the information in Japanese fertility-related magazine articles on modifiable lifestyle and risk factors associated with fertility. We conducted a content analysis in two major fertility-related magazines published between 2014 and 2020 that individuals attempting to conceive were likely to read. We also identified evidence-based lifestyle factors associated with reduced fertility after reviewing the scientific literature. In total, 76 lifestyle factors were mentioned in the magazine articles. A total of 9 of these 10 evidence-based lifestyle risk factors were among the 20 factors most frequently mentioned. Thus, the evidence-based lifestyle factors were well-discussed, but the articles focused heavily on nutritional factors. Health check-ups were not covered as extensively as nutrition and diet, although physical examination can uncover physiological causes of infertility. Some lifestyle factors in the articles had not been sufficiently scientifically examined. Too many recommendations were given in the magazine articles. This may induce a feeling of being overwhelmed in readers. The publishers of magazines should provide balanced information, consider prioritizing lifestyle factors by conclusive scientific evidence, and disseminate accurate information.
Problem-solving training: effects on nursing students’ adherence, confidence, and application of problem solving to deal with the barriers to adherence to routine infection control practices
Authors: Hamed Abubaker M. , Moralejo Donna , Pike April , Curran Vernon
Published: August 2023

Background: Adherence to routine practices (RP) in infection control can be influenced by a number of barriers, which can potentially be dealt with using problem solving (PS) as a new approach. Aim: This study examined the effects of a problem-solving educational program (PSEDP) on nursing students’ adherence, confidence, and application of PS to address the three identified common barriers to RP adherence. Method: A controlled before and after study was conducted at two nursing schools in Eastern Canada. A total of 94 nursing students participated, with 62 students in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. Students in the intervention group received the PSEDP, while the control group received no intervention. Data from both groups were collected using a problem-solving questionnaire. Results: Overall, no significant differences were found between the intervention and control groups in their adherence to RP (P = 0.580), confidence in using PS (P = 0.602), and application of PS (baseline P = 0.161, post-program P = 0.618) to deal with the three identified barriers to RP adherence. However, we found significant differences in the subscale analysis of student confidence to deal with the barrier of high nursing workload (P = 0.032) and student adherence to some of the RP components (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The educational program provided an opportunity for the students to learn about PS to address the three identified barriers. Some improvements were found but they were smaller than expected, possibly due to limited time for practice in the clinical setting following the intervention.
Forecasting Inflation in Russia Using a TVP Model with Bayesian Shrinkage
Authors: Polbin A. V. , Shumilov A. V.
Published: August 2023

The paper emphasizes the relevance of improving methodological tools for macroeconomic forecasting. In particular, it is pointed out, that models with a large number of explanatory variables on relatively short samples can often overfit in-sample and, thus, forecast poorly. The article reviews studies on forecasting inflation in Russia and explains the applicability of the model with Bayesian shrinkage of time-varying parameters based on hierarchical normal-gamma prior. Models of this type allow for possible nonlinearities in relationships between regressors and inflation and, at the same time, can deal with the problem of overfitting.

The choice of a system of statistical indicators used to forecast monthly inflation in Russia during the period 2011–2022 is substantiated. It is shown that at short forecast horizons (of one to three months) Bayesian normal-gamma shrinkage TVP model with a large set of inflation predictors outperforms in forecasting accuracy, measured by mean absolute and squared errors, its linear counterpart, linear and Bayesian autoregression models without predictors, as well as naive models (based on random walk). At the horizon of six months, the autoregression model with Bayesian shrinkage exhibits the best forecast performance. As the forecast horizon rises (up to one year), statistical differences in the quality of forecasts of competing models of Russian inflation decrease.

The developed method can be used by the Bank of Russia and executive authorities for rapid assessment of inflation forecasts until the end of the year in order to evaluate risks of inflation deviation from the target level and elaborate preventive economic policy measures.
Russian Economy in 2020–2022: Transition to a New Development Model
Authors: Strizhkova L. A. , Kuranov G. O. , Tishina L. I. , Kuranov A. G.
Published: August 2023

The article presents the study results on the changes in the Russian economy related to effects of the specific circumstances of 2020–2022. The authors support the conclusion about the ongoing shift in the economic development model and make several proposals for domestic economic policy. The authors note that the strong negative influence of external factors can, under certain conditions (on the principle of «challenge-and-response» or «shock-and-reaction»), create momentum towards the accelerated structural transformation of the economy and transition to a new national economic cycle adapted to current trends in scientific and technological development.

The paper analyses indicators of dynamics and structural changes in the final use of gross domestic product (GDP), in production, and in investment activity. The article describes the differences in the development trends for three major sectors of the economy in which its industries were incorporated: the raw materials and processing sector, the infrastructure sector, and the innovation sector, and also for the aggregate «other industries» (tabular material contains detailed analytical data on enlarged categories).

The article presents the results of GDP dynamics factor analysis based on two approaches – using the intersectoral model and the GDP dynamics macroeconomic function. Based on the first approach, the authors obtained the overall estimates of the impact of changes in export volumes and domestic final demand on GDP in 2022, as well as the decrease in the import intensity of production and other estimates. Based on the second approach, the authors obtained the estimate of the potential GDP rate, its gap with the actual rate, and the influence of the main factors on economic dynamics.

 

The features of the new development model (transition to development based mainly on internal sources of funds, resources, etc.) are indicated. The paper outlines authors' views on the conditions that can meet the challenges of developing the country as part of the new development model. The issues of making the investment forecasts and providing investment process with the financial resources are considered. According to the authors, further development of the systematic approach to managerial decision-making and transition to ensuring better coherence between vital economic development directions makes it possible to achieve economic and social objectives more effectively.
Development of Science and Economic Growth: Statistical and Analytical Review (Case Study: China)
Authors: Zavarukhin V. P. , Chinaeva T. I. , Churilova E. Y.
Published: August 2023

As long as the Chinese economy moves to the forefront in the world, it’s becoming increasingly important to improve the methodology for analyzing its development as well as to identify drivers of its growth. The paper provides a statistical analysis of dynamics of the main indicators characterizing the scientific sphere of the country in 2005–2019: number of R&D personnel; gross domestic expenditures on R&D; patent and publication activities of Chinese scientists. In addition, the relationship between the size of the country's GDP and its high-tech exports was analyzed. For the purpose of studying the indicators in their dynamics a regression analysis based on the Chinese official statistical data was carried out.

The paper also presents a forecast of the scale and effectiveness of the China's scientific activity for the period 2022–2024 according to which, while maintaining the existing trends in the development of science and the economy, an increase in the volume of domestic expenditures on R&D is expected in 2024 (more than 3.284 trillion yuan) as well as in the number of issued patents (more than 537 thousand) and in the number of published scientific articles (more than 2.22 million). The carried-out analysis showed the existence of a close relationship between the country's economic growth and the dynamics of its exports of high-tech products. According to the forecast, while maintaining the existing trends in the development of the economy and high-tech exports, the projected values of Chinese GDP are in 2022 – 18.6 trillion US dollars, in 2023 – 20.3 trillion, and in 2024 – 21.7 trillion US dollars.

The results of the study showed that China's rapid economic growth was driven by both large-scale capital investments, high rates of increase in labor productivity, and the successful development of science and innovation in all strategic sectors of the economy. The exponential and parabolic growth of almost all key indicators characterizing personnel and financial components of the research sphere, patent, and publication activities, makes it possible to draw a conclusion on strengthening the leadership in the economic position of the People's Republic of China in the world and increasing its scientific potential.
Du deltaplane au discours
Authors: Hamm Albert
Published: August 2023

Nous nous proposons, à travers l’analyse d’un échantillon d'anglais parlé, d’éprouver la validité de la démarche d 'analyse discursive — développée par C. Coulomb —. Notre étude tend à confirmer la pertinence de l’hypothèse d’un discours intermédiaire, passage obligé entre situation extralinguistique et discours, à la fois filtre, écran, et paradigme de relations paraphrastiques, dont le discours produit n'est que l'une des variantes possibles et dont celui-ci manifeste la trace dans le fonctionnement d’éléments linguistiques — lexicaux, syntaxiques, prosodiques — et discursifs. Comprendre ce discours, c’est notamment restituer de manière implicite ou explicite tout ou partie du discours intermédiaire qui le sous-tend et le fonde.
Pynchon’s Alchemy in The crying of Lot 49
Authors: Colvile Georgiana Mary Morton
Published: August 2023

Much like that of Rabelais, Pynchon's cryptic fiction calls for a great diversity of readings In this little essay, alchemy, seen from its various perspectives, such as the occult, philosophy, tranformation or synthetic reconstitution of the androgyne, presents The Crying of Lot 49 in a new light, without claiming to solve its every mystery.
Virginia Woolf et l'aristocratie
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Louis
Published: August 2023

Virginia Woolf voit dans l’aristocratie un spectacle, un reflet et un miroir, le croisement d’identités insolites où elle discerne ses propres différences d’intellectuelle et d’artiste. Beaux et bêtes, splendides et loufoques, racés et fin de race, les aristocrates sont des grotesques et des êtres fascinants dont le charme est irrésistible. Us sont sa spécialité, son faible avéré, sa cible de prédilection. Le jeu de massacre ainsi pratiqué sert à dégager des valeurs. En puisant dans l'intarissable héritage de la distinction et de la séduction aristocratiques, on doit se garder du legs conjoint de la vulgarité et de l’ineptie. Vérité et valeur relèvent de l'artiste, qui sait faire la lecture des aristocrates comme de vivantes œuvres d'art et les utiliser comme des silhouettes plutôt que des personnages, des repoussoirs plutôt que des modèles. Souvent étudiée par ailleurs, la remarquable exception que présentent Victoria Sackville West et Orlando est seulement mentionnée, et il n’y a que peu d’illustrations tirées de l’œuvre romanesque et critique de Virginia Woolf, dans une analyse qui se fonde essentiellement sur le témoignage abondant fourni par les Lettres complètes et par les volumes déjà parus du Journal.
Du supporteur au consommateur: acculturation, déculturation et violence rituelle chez les spectateurs du football britannique
Authors: Civardi Christian
Published: August 2023

Since it hit the headlines some twenty years ago, football hooliganism has been investigated by various official commissions, police research groups, journalists and social scientists. It has been interpreted in terms of youth culture versus class culture, tribal culture vs. mass culture, proletarianism vs. embourgeoisement, and blamed on, among others, education, alcohool, unemployment, European, football, the police, the media, the National Front. Among this number of interpretation, I have distinguished four major approaches : anthropological, psychological, sociological and historical. It has been my aim to try and assess their relevance, and to account for the «britishness » of football hooliganism.
Les multiples visages de la ville dans trois romans de Walker Percy
Authors: Gary Georges
Published: August 2023

Dans ses trois premiers romans, The Moviegoer (1961), The Last Gentleman (1966), et Love in the Ruins (1971), la vision romanesque de Walker Percy est profondément influencée par la ville. L'espace urbain, loin d'être plaqué sur la fiction, participe pleinement à la création du sens de l'œuvre. Gentilly, La Nouvelle-Orléans, Chicago, New York, Levittown, les villes moyennes du Sud profond, et enfin les cités du futur dans Love in the Ruins rythment l'odyssée du principal protagoniste tout en faisant ressortir des réalités culturelles, sociales, historiques et politiques différentes. L'allégorisme caricatural du troisième roman, avec sa terminologie ironiquement futuriste, n'est que l’ultime version d’une interrogation sur la ville déjà présente dans The Moviegoer, et que le lecteur peut moins que jamais éluder.
L’analyse discursive à l’épreuve du texte : Cohérence, cohésion et connecteurs
Authors: Hamm Albert
Published: August 2023

L’introduction au roman de H.G. WELLS, The Island of Dr. Moreau sert de support à une analyse discursive fondée principalement sur l’étude des relations inter-phrastiques et inter-propositionnelles et sur celle du fonctionnement des connecteurs qui servent à les établir.

Il s’agit de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle ces relations ainsi que les phénomènes syntaxiques et sémantico-pragmatiques, - traces linguistiques par lesquelles est assurée, ou au contraire niée, la cohésion du texte - ne peuvent recevoir d’interprétation cohérente qu’en fonction du discours implicite qui les sous-tend et qu’il faut pour cela se donner les moyens de restituer.
Différenciation vocalique, hiérarchie accentuelle en anglais et attribution du sens : similitude des réalisations
Authors: Buccellato Patricia
Published: August 2023

An encyclopedic, semantic model raises the problem of selective actualisation of those properties (semantic and pragmatic) which are relevant in specific instances of discourse. How can the potentially unlimited semiosis of the encyclopedia be controlled, its limits determined and the direction of interpretation fixed ? The semiotician Umberto ECO speaks of processes of expansion and narcotisation. It is suggested that these processes can be usefully compared to the ones at work in the selection of elements in areas which, although they have no meaning in themselves, still play an important part in the construction of meaning, i.e., vowel distinction and accentual gradability in English.
Mode de constitution de l’objet et extra-linguistique dans la théorie Chomskyenne
Authors: Pamiès Jean
Published: August 2023

In the last ten years there has been a significant reappraisal of the idealisation partially responsible for the constitution of the object in Chomsky’s theory. There is terminological evidence of this in the shift from the concept of semantic representation to that of logical form. The examination of some of the issues involved in this change provides us with an opportunity to reassert that the linguistic and therefore the extralinguistic cannot be considered as observable data, but on the contrary are theoretical constructs.
Tissu de rêve / Tissé de rêves : A Bolt of White Cloth
Authors: Pitavy-Souques Danièle
Published: August 2023

More than any other of Leon Rooke’s collections, A Bolt of White Cloth evinces a unity which results from a coherent reflexion on the relationships between the terms of the real/fictive/imaginery triad. The texts originate in a metaphysical project. Whether centered on the scenario of the return to origins or of deliverance, they all tell about man’s duality and his desire for the One.
Guy Davenport : une mosaïque de genres. Emprunts à l'universel et écriture personnelle
Authors: Zachar Laurence
Published: August 2023

Based on precise examples, this study examines Guy Davenport's skilful handling of conventional literary forms. Far from simply juxtaposing genres, he interweaves them, shapes them, assembles them so that in their interaction and final osmosis, they focus the reader's attention on those strategies that are most characteristic of Guy Davenport's work.
Voyage dans l'espace d'Othello
Authors: Graf Claude
Published: August 2023

Cet article essaie de montrer que le voyage dans l'espace, le déplacement horizontal du héros de Venise à Chypre est en réalité un voyage d'un autre ordre, une plongée verticale, vertigineuse en lui-même, un retour aux origines par le temps retrouvé. Son parcours est aussi un voyage dans le temps.
Gender and Narrative Perspective in Margaret Atwood’s Stories
Authors: Meindl Dieter
Published: August 2023

The stories in Dancing Girls (1977) and Bluebeard's Egg (1983) pertain to the figurai frame of reference in narrative discourse, that is, they feature potentially unreliable or censurable fictional narrator or reflector figures - almost all of them women. These female perspectives tend to focus on a man (or men), which results in a particular type of gender-based story. One group of stories (e.g., "The Man from Mars", "The Sin Eater") is marked by the failure of the female focalizers to communicate with the male focal figures and thus suggests the typically modernist theme of alienation. Another group of stories (e.g., "Under Glass", "Lives of the Poets") presents the woman in a number of victim positions. Atwood's growing penchant for the present tense and a center-of-consciousness technique with authorial (that is, reliable) overtones appears expressive of a goal of gender-based universality of meaning, which is also a dominant concern of contemporary feminist literary cricitism. The essay closes with an analysis of "The War in the Bathroom", an early experimental story apparently still adhering to the patriarchal Freudian model of the psyche, and "Loulou ; or, the Domestic Life of the Language", indicative of a tendency in Atwood to modify her modernist, gender-based conception of reality in favor of a postmodern, language-based one.
Leaping Up, Sliding Away : Kent Thompson’s Postcard Stories
Authors: Leclaire Jacques
Published: August 2023

A presentation of sixty-seven very short stories and of their technique of emotional weights. Their extreme terseness and their open-ended structure, used to describe unsettling experiences, are instrumental in bringing the reader's mind to participate in an act of literary creation.
La place de l'image mentale en sémantique
Authors: Boisson Claude
Published: August 2023

The Place of Mental images in Semantics.

Mental images have been sadly neglected in semantics. It is my contention that propositional representations cannot account for the semantic content of many words, that world knowledge interacts with strictly semantic characterizations, and that consequently mental images are a necessary part of a truly "cognitive" semantics.
To / -ing : Coordination, subordination ou autre type de liaison ?
Authors: Girard Geneviève
Published: August 2023

Dans certains environnements syntaxiques, les opérateurs to et -ing semblent indiquer comment reconstruire les données de la structure profonde et plus particulièrement comment construire la référence des sujets des phrases de base coordonnées. Ils sont donc des sortes de «traces» du processus transformant une construction élémentaire en une construction plus complexe, mais ils participent également à la mise en place du sens global de la surface.
The Picture of Dorian Gray : la création du «héros» éponyme
Authors: Thomas Martine
Published: August 2023

La question du véritable héros de The Picture of Dorian Gray d’Oscar Wilde est posée d’entrée de jeu par le titre (à deux faces, dont la seconde est un oxymore signifiant) et son statut reste longtemps ambivalent. Le lien indissoluble portrait-modèle n’est jamais démenti par le texte pas plus que ne l’est le destin funeste suggéré par l’oxymore : le lecteur, témoin de la désintégration finale du personnage, peut donc croire à l’éclipse d’un héros qui ne fut que victime. Reste cependant la révélation ultime, le portrait transfiguré qui clôt la séquence narrative, justifiant les redondances d’un texte essentiellement consacré à l’art. Le héros éponyme est bien le portrait de Dorian Gray dans l’ordre de ses termes.
«Where there were gleams». Between Fantasy, Thought and Logic: A Reconsideration of Beckettian Character
Authors: Ross Ciaran
Published: August 2023

«Where there were gleams » . Between Fantasy, Thought and Logic : A General Reconsideration of Beckettian Character

Le personnage beckettien est modelé sur un discours abstrait et formel, qui s'attache à réduire, voire éliminer le singulier et le vécu. Si les formulations générales, les constructions logiques ainsi que l'analyse rationnelle des problèmes et de leurs solutions ressemblent aux processus de la pensée des psychotiques, elles font également preuve d'une influence formaliste de la part de Beckett. En problématisant les «dimensions» de ses personnages, leurs conditions de possibilité, -leurs limites imaginables et pensables -, Beckett réussit, néanmoins, à nous émouvoir.
Dionysos among the Dinosaurs : The Migration of Mythic Semes in Robert Kroetsch's Badlands
Authors: Ventura Héliane
Published: August 2023

Cette étude se limite à un chapitre seulement, le chapitre 30 intitulé «Squaw Wrestling» , du roman de Robert Kroetsch, Badlands, dans lequel se trouvent représentés plusieurs rites appartenant aux traditions chrétiennes, grecques et indiennes d'Amérique du Nord. Elle s'emploie à repérer à travers les personnages et l'environnement anthropomorphe la dissémination des sèmes mythiques liés au dieu de la mort et de la résurrection.
Une nouvelle venue à Camelot... la Dame de Shalott : prises, reprises, sur-prises, méprises
Authors: Bruckmuller-Genlot Danielle
Published: August 2023

This study is a survey of the hermeneutic fluctuations in the critical reception and pictorial adaptations inspired then and now by «The Lady of Shalott », a polysemous mythical figure launched in two pahese (1832 and 1842) by Tennyson).
L’invention du kilt : de l’appropriation symbolique à l’expropriation physique
Authors: Civardi Christian
Published: August 2023

Un siècle à peine après avoir été mis à l’index en tant que symbole du soulèvement jacobite de 1745, le costume des montagnards d’Écosse, longtemps objet de mépris, est aseptisé et «récupéré» au profit des élites écossaises comme britanniques, qui inventent à son sujet une tradition des plus fantaisistes. Elle permet de légitimer, outre leur pouvoir, les bouleversements socio-économiques des Highlands, la constitution de 1689, la réconciliation hanovrio-jacobite et l’expansion impériale.
Joseph Hall (1574-1656) : l’invention de la tradition classique en Angleterre
Authors: Lacassagne Claude
Published: August 2023

Joseph Hall s’est illustré par le soin qu’il a apporté à la résurrection de genres négligés depuis l’Antiquité, au nom de la tradition humaniste. Il s’est doté de «pères» explicitement nommés et a prescrit un intertexte précis, définissant ainsi le lignage néo-stoïcien où il s’insère. Il donne ce faisant droit de cité à des écritures qui ne relèvent pas de la poésie et légitime comme étant de la «littérature» des formes ouvertes (roman, autobiographie, lettre...) ; il fonde au nom de la toute-puissance de l’Auteur les arts verbaux des temps modernes.
Suffixes and other markers of gender in English
Authors: Allerton D. J.
Published: August 2023

By contrast with languages like French and German, which have grammatical gender, English is, with one or two minor exceptions, gender-free in its grammar but retains lexical gender to a degree through the use of feminine suffixes like —ess. On closer inspection, it turns out that each English animate noun needs to be placed in one of six classes, depending on whether the set it belongs to has words for expressing female members and/or male members and/or members unspecified for gender ; all six classes are examined in detail. As far as human nouns are concerned, only two types occur in significant numbers, one in which the ‘feminine’ word is opposed to a ‘masculine’ one, and the other in which it is opposed to a ‘gender neutral’ one ; but both types are in any case in decline. The ‘gender-free’ class is becoming the dominant one.
The English gender system in a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Hacken Pius Ten
Published: August 2023

It is often claimed that the category of gender is rudimentarily developed or even absent from English. In order to assess such claims it is necessary to consider the nature of gender systems in a more general perspective. As a starting point for the characterization of gender systems Latin is chosen because it has a well-developed system of gender of a broadly similar nature to the one found in most Indo-European languages. On the basis of this discussion, three parameters for the variation of gender systems are established, which are subsequently applied to German, French, Dutch and English in order to show how the system in English differs from the ones in related languages. The similarity between the gender systems of these languages is emphasized by the descriptions of the entirely differently structured system of Fula in the appendix.
The Song of the Lark de Willa Cather : une leçon d'histoire américaine
Authors: Foata Anne
Published: August 2023

Willa Cather’s 1915 Künstlerroman pictures the artistic development of a modest immigrant girl from Colorado, her rise to the acme of an international operatic career. The novel can also read as a paean to the American people, native and foreign, who opened up the West and made America. Running counter to the aggressive ideology of the Frontier prevailing after the Civil War, Cather pays homage to its two most despised victims, the native Indians and the Hispanics, both determinant of the heroine’s artistic growth.
La victime dans Ada ou l’ardeur de Vladimir Nabokov
Authors: Herr Jeanne
Published: August 2023

Ada or Ardor : a Family Chronicle, roman ludique s’il en est, met en scène une brillante palette de victimes plus ou moins consentantes et plus ou moins heureuses, dans ce tableau tout droit sorti d’un rêve qui invite le lecteur à goûter au plaisir de la lutte avec un texte obscur et fantasque. L’étude des différents jeux de pouvoir entre les personnages (et singulièrement l’éditeur), le créateur et enfin le destinataire de cette vision originale du thème de l’inceste, permettra d’exposer une part des méandres que présente la lecture du roman ainsi que les raisons qui font qu’il est pure jouissance de s’y perdre, de se prêter au jeu, ce jeu auquel nous convie la maîtrise virtuose de l’image et du cliché, des mots et du sens dont témoigne Vladimir Nabokov.
Réécriture des mythes de l’homme blanc : quand les femmes sacrifient à l’identité du mâle, dans Song of Solomon de Toni Morrison
Authors: Ippolito Emilia
Published: August 2023

Dans son troisième roman, Song of Solomon, Morrison analyse pour les refondre plusieurs mythes classiques de l’homme blanc. La description de Milkman Dead, le protagoniste masculin du roman, fait appel au symbolisme mythologique, et sa vie est modelée sur le parcours du héros classique. Fruit d’une conception et d’une naissance ‘miraculeuses’, Milkman entreprend une quête mythologique, à la recherche d’or et, surtout, de sa propre identité culturelle. En tentant de se réaliser comme libre individu et comme membre d’une communauté sociale, le héros réconcilie liberté et réalité en lui, et il devient partie prenante d’un processus historique, qui affecte une définition de soi complexe et satisfaisante à la fois. Mais le héros n’est jamais seul dans cette quête. Il requiert l’aide de tous les personnages féminins qui l’entourent. Toutes les femmes du récit sont les victimes de Milkman, le héros classique, et quelques-unes en viennent à perdre leur vie pour que Milkman puisse atteindre son objectif.

A la fin du roman, c’est lui qui retrouve les noms de famille que l’esclavage avait effacés chez les siens, il découvre sa chanson, et peut alors “ prendre son envol “... mais après être passé sur les cadavres de plusieurs femmes noires, immolées pour leur héros/bourreau.
Femmes libérées, victimes émancipées : regard sur trois décennies de féminisme en Irlande
Authors: Da Col Richert Marie-Jeanne
Published: August 2023

Depuis trois décennies, marquées par la lutte féministe et ses revendications, en Irlande les réformes de la législation ont permis l’émancipation des femmes et, ce faisant, accru leur présence dans la vie publique, dans le monde l’emploi en particulier. L’élimination des discriminations dont les Irlandaises étaient victimes au regard de la loi a établi l’égalité de principe entre les citoyens des deux sexes.

Le schéma traditionnel, qui fait des femmes les piliers de la famille, n’est pas pour autant remis en question dans la société irlandaise patriarcale catholique ; les féministes dénoncent la division des rôles, qui établit, de fait, selon elles, une hiérarchie entre les sexes et entrave la progression des femmes dans la sphère politico-économique ; ce message reste très largement sans écho parmi les Irlandaises. Celles-ci s’évertuent à cumuler au quotidien charges familiales et professionnelles, tendent à présenter leur adhésion au schéma traditionnel comme une expression de leur liberté de choix, et apparaissent dès lors, avant tout, comme des victimes d’elles-mêmes.
Polysemy, Homonymy and reference
Authors: Frath Pierre
Published: August 2023

Polysemy, homonymy and reference. Pierre Frath, Université Marc Bloch, Strasbourg.

L’homonymie et la polysmémie sont des problèmes sémantiques bien identifiés. Bank dans Bank of England et river bank sont homonymes : ils ne partagent pas le moindre élément sémantique ; river bed et hospital bed semblent sémantiquement liés : il s’agit d’un cas de polysémie. Dans cet article, nous commençons par examiner la manière dont le problème est traité dans la littérature. Les dictionnaires regroupent les polysèmes sous une seule entrée et les homonymes sous plusieurs, bien qu’il y ait des différences notables entre dictionnaires. Les théories sémantiques expliquent la polysémie en termes de métaphore et de métonymie, ou bien en termes d’entités cognitives subsumantes avec des sens particuliers déclenchés par des règles ou le contexte. Nous proposons une typologie de la polysémie et une explication en termes de référence : le moteur du sens se trouve dans notre désir de saisir et communiquer notre expérience partagée à l’aide d’unités lexicales polysémiques.
Intonation et levée de l'ambiguïté : le cas du négatif no en anglais
Authors: Gaudy-Campbell Isabelle
Published: August 2023

Intonation and ambiguity resolution : the case of no.

Isabelle Gaudy, University of Metz

At the beginning of an utterance, no can give a negative information, agree with a negative utterance or do away with a statement. So, we notice that for a single word we get three different meanings. It can therefore be considered as an ambiguous item. If we then look at its intonative representations, we notice that the patterns are quite unrelated to the positioning on the polarity of what was said before. Rather, the intonation corresponds to different disagreement attitudes. No can be modulated or flat. The latter corresponds to an indifferent and neutral negative answer.

It proves more interesting to deal with the modulated no. We can indeed make out two modulations, high low on the one hand and low high on the other hand. The former is used when the utterer feels deeply involved toward the co-utterer.
Raising the master spirit : The epic poet as autobiographer in Shelley's Laon and Cythna
Authors: Donovan Jack
Published: August 2023

Entre septembre 1816 et novembre 1817 une série de catastrophes familiales dont il fut en bonne partie responsable préoccupa le poète Shelley ; d’autre part, ses inquiétudes sur son état de santé lui firent craindre une mort prochaine. Ces anxiétés personnelles se font sentir dans Laon and Cythna, le poème héroïque adressé à la nation anglaise et qui rend hommage à la révolution française - qu’il composa entre fin mars/début avril et fin novembre 1817. Plusieurs textes dont il s’inspira, en premier lieu La Nouvelle Héloïse de Rousseau, lui servirent de modèle pour les éléments autobiographiques et exemplaires de son poème - emprunts littéraires politiquement gênants et qu’il occulta soigneusement.
Revaluation : the case of Constance Holme
Authors: Lecercle Jean-Jacques
Published: August 2023

Cet essai est une tentative de réévaluation de l’œuvre de Constance Holme, romancière jadis canonisée et à présent totalement oubliée. La nostalgie que trahit une telle tentative est justifiée par une comparaison entre la disparition d’un auteur et la mort d’une langue : dans les deux cas, une voix est réduite au silence. Cette tentative est également justifiée par la discussion de la nécessité d’une posture critique dans la critique littéraire. L’auteur adopte une position essentialiste faible qui essaie de construire un concept de littérature en termes de conjoncture historique et de sémantique des prototypes. Ceci amène à une discussion du processus de canonisation, sous la forme d’une ontologie du canon. Le canon n’est pas un objet unique : six canons sont définis, et leur relation, qui est conflictuelle, est analysée. L’essai se termine sur une analyse de la temporalité de l’œuvre littéraire, en guise de dernière justification à la nécessité de réévaluer et de célébrer les romans de Constance Holme.
A Metaethics of reading
Authors: Shusterman Ronald
Published: August 2023

Afin de soutenir une thèse nouvelle sur les relations entre l’éthique et la littérature, cet article expose une distinction essentielle entre deux domaines voisins mais séparés : les domaines de l'éthique et de la métaéthique. La notion de métaéthique référé à une sphère d’activité où s’apprend, s’expérimente ou s’analyse informe ou le processus du jugement, sans impliquer une quelconque décision quant à l’application pragmatique de ces formes. L’argument développé ici est que toute la littérature, quel que soit son contenu, exerce dans une certaine mesure cette «faculté» ou fournit cette «expérience» du jugement. L’acte d’interprétation lui-même, en ce sens, est un moment métaéthique qui implique une certaine conscience de ce qu’est un choix. L’examen de quelques exemples pris dans les œuvres de Shakespeare, Dickens, Joyce et Simon Louvish montre que la traditionnelle «théorie de l’expérience par procuration» concernant l’efficacité morale de l’art ne dit pas grand chose de la qualité spécifiquement littéraire de cette efficacité, puisque cette thèse de l’expérience par procuration est d’une part douteuse dans son application et d’autre
Literature, ethics, responsibility, invention, and the other
Authors: Attridge Derek
Published: August 2023

The ethical value specific to literature lies in the particular mode of inventiveness it exhibits. Invention occurs as the advent of alterity in the cultural field, alterity being that which is, at a given historical moment, outside the framework provided by the culture for thinking, imagining, feeling, perceiving. An invention is also always singular, in the sense that it is a configuration of cultural materials unlike any other. In order for a singular alterity to enter the cultural field, that field has to change, and possibilities for further inventiveness emerge. An ethically responsible reading is itself an inventive event, a performance of the work that does justice to its inventiveness, singularity, and alterity, bridging the historical and cultural distance between writing and reading.
Ethics and Aesthetics
Authors: Grabes Herbert
Published: August 2023

The central concepts in ethical discourse are held to be responsibility (regarding ourselves and others), justice, and mercy (or charity), whereas in the discourse of aesthetics a similarly important position is attributed to the concepts of perception (or sensibility), experience (of the particularity and alterity of the phenomenal), and art (in terms of objects, processes or events that motivate this kind of experience). What makes for a persistent difference or even sometimes an incommensurability of the ethical and aesthetic stance is the claim to absolute autonomy and unrestricted validity that is made by both. In some postmodern versions of ethical discourse we can observe an approximation to aesthetics that can side-step the area of possible conflict. What is more important, however, is that both in the Levinas type of ethics and in postmodern aesthetics the focus is on alterity ; moreover, the aesthetic stance, in its emphasis on the specificity of the particular and on the imagination as the faculty of the possible, may well be indispensable for any ‘right’ way to act.