bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Research of the Drying Behavior of White Cabbage Leaves With Three Different Geometries in a Wind Energy‐Assisted Hybrid Hot Air Dryer
Authors: Aslan Volkan , Atalay Halil
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the performance of a wind energy‐supported hybrid hot air dryer was examined experimentally. Wind energy provided overall electrical energy needed for the activation of the dryer. In the experiments, the drying behavior of white cabbage leaves with the same surface area and three different geometries: circle, rectangle, and square cross‐section was examined using three different constant temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C), and two different constant air speeds (0.5 and 1 m/s). The main purpose of using different geometries during the drying process was to determine the optimum cross‐section and working parameters for white cabbage leaves. The based aim of the study was to contribute to both increasing the energy efficiency of processes that cause high energy consumption, such as drying, and ensuring their continuity throughout the four seasons, by using a clean renewable energy source such as wind. Consequent the experiments, it was seen that the drying time decreased by approximately 52.63% and the energy consumption reduced by approximately 47.9% with the increase in temperature and air speed in rectangular‐sectioned cabbages compared to other geometries. In addition, in the longest‐term experiment, a maximum of 40% of the stored energy was used. This revealed that the developed hybrid system has approximately 52.5% higher energy efficiency than other drying units supporting with PV panels and also provides an average at the rate of 45% advantage in terms of product drying time.
Analyzing the scope and effectiveness of business‐level circularity indicators
Authors: Urain Idoia , Eguren José Alberto , Mendoza Joan Manuel F. , Justel Daniel
Published: October 2024

Research on circular economy (CE) reveals that companies have a large number of indicators at the microeconomic level. However, their scope is limited, as they lack sufficient knowledge to apply them effectively. This is due to the difficulty of obtaining the necessary information and the weak connection with the functions of companies' functional areas. Knowing that organizations evolve over time, not only in terms of strategy development but also in terms of leadership, innovation, and structure, it is necessary for indicators to adapt to these needs. This study aims to analyze the impact of indicators on CE strategies and solutions, life cycle stages, and industrial functional areas, considering the Basque Country in Spain as a case study. For this purpose, a literature review has been carried out identifying applicable indicators and a study on the indicators that BC companies use on a daily basis. The analysis found that 67% of the indicators only consider a CE strategy and solution, while only 2.5% impact all life cycle stages. Additionally, it was found that the use of indicators in companies does not provide a global and holistic view of CE. This highlights the need to develop a new model of indicators that responds to the needs of companies.
What meta‐research has taught us about research and changes to research practices
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A.
Published: October 2024

Meta‐research has become increasingly popular and has provided interesting insights on what can go well and what can go wrong with research practices and scientific studies. Many stakeholders are taking actions to try to solve problems and biases identified through meta‐research. However, very often there is little or no evidence that specific recommendations and actions may actually lead to improvements and a favorable benefit‐harm ratio. The current commentary offers an eclectic overview of what we have learned from meta‐research efforts (mostly observational, but also some quasi‐experimental and experimental work) and what the implications of this evidence may be for changing research practices. Areas discussed include the study (and differentiation) of genuine effects and biases, fraud (including the impact of new technologies), peer review, replication and reproducibility checks, transparency indicators, and the interface of research practices with reward systems. Meta‐research has offered on all of these fronts empirical evidence that sometimes pertains even to large effects of extreme biases. Continued surveys of research practices and results may offer timely updates of the status of research and its biases, as these may change markedly over time. Meta‐research should be seen as part of research, not separate from it, in their concurrent evolution.
Time‐Consistent Individuals, Time‐Inconsistent Households
Authors: HERTZBERG ANDREW
Published: October 2024

I present a model of consumption and savings for a multiperson household in which members are imperfectly altruistic, derive utility from both private and shared public goods, and share wealth. I show that, despite having standard exponential time preferences, the household is time‐inconsistent: Members save too little and overspend on private consumption goods. The household remains time‐inconsistent even when members save separately, because the possibility of voluntary transfers or joint contribution to the public good preserves the dynamic commons problem. The household will choose to share wealth when the risk‐sharing benefits outweigh the utility cost of overconsumption.
Age‐discrepant marriages and educational assortative mating in urban China: The exchange of youth for status
Authors: Wang Yu
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study investigates youth–status exchange in urban China, a country rooted in traditional gender roles and gendered mate selection preferences.

Background

Status exchange operates as a mechanism through which social boundaries are crossed in intermarriage. In contrast to the extensive research on marital exchanges involving ascribed traits and achieved characteristics, limited attention has been paid to youth–status exchange.

Method

Using data from the 2003 to 2021 Chinese General Survey, this study operationalizes the youth–status exchange as age–education exchange, employing log‐linear models to examine the exchange patterns and trends by controlling for marginal differences and confounding trends.

Results

The findings reveal robust gender‐asymmetric youth–education exchange patterns in urban China from 1981 to 2021. Women show strong evidence of trading their youth for their spouse's education, whereas men exhibit resistance to the exchange. The strength of exchange between women's youth and men's education increased noticeably for the 2010–2021 marriage cohort. Additionally, men's delayed marriage intensifies the exchange between women's youth and men's education, consistent with men's preference for women with “fixed ideal age.”

Conclusion

Persistent patriarchal ideals and traditional gender roles in urban China valorize women's youth while devaluing their achieved status, thereby promoting the exchange between women's youth and men's status. This exchange also serves as a mobility channel for young women to secure more advantageous marriages.
Oropharyngeal dysphagia impact of pneumonia risk in neurological patients receiving enteral tube feeding: Insights from a gastroenterologist
Authors: Lin Tai‐Han , Lee Jiunn‐Tay , Yang Chih‐Wei , Chang Wei‐Kuo
Published: October 2024

Background

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is prevalent among neurological patients, often necessitating enteral tube feeding with a nasogastric tube (NGT) or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). These patients are at significant risk of developing aspiration pneumonia. This study aimed to assess the impact of oropharyngeal dysphagia on pneumonia risk requiring hospitalization in neurological patients on long‐term enteral tube feeding.

Methods

This retrospective observational study was conducted between 2015 and 2022. It included neurological patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy combined with a Modified Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (mFEES) for suspect dysphagia, characterized by difficulty or discomfort in swallowing. Participants were either orally fed or had been on long‐term enteral tube feeding via NGT or PEG. A 2‐year follow‐up was conducted to monitor pneumonia cases requiring hospitalization. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for pneumonia requiring hospitalization.

Key Results

A total of 226 orally fed and 152 enteral tube‐fed patients were enrolled. Multivariate analyses showed a significantly increased risk of pneumonia in patients with a history of pneumonia and those receiving enteral tube feeding. Subgroup analysis indicated a significantly lower risk of pneumonia among enteral tube‐fed patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia who PEG‐fed patients compared to NGT‐fed patients (adjusted HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.10–0.44, p < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of pneumonia requiring hospitalization was significantly lower in the PEG group than in the NGT group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

mFEES could be a screening tool for oropharyngeal dysphagia. PEG is preferred over NGT for long‐term enteral feeding, as it significantly reduces the risk of pneumonia requiring hospitalization, especially in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia.
CHUP1 restricts chloroplast movement and effector‐triggered immunity in epidermal cells
Authors: Nedo Alexander O. , Liang Huining , Sriram Jaya , Razzak Md Abdur , Lee Jung‐Youn , Kambhamettu Chandra , Dinesh‐Kumar Savithramma P. , Caplan Jeffrey L.
Published: October 2024

Chloroplast Unusual Positioning 1 (CHUP1) plays an important role in the chloroplast avoidance and accumulation responses in mesophyll cells. In epidermal cells, prior research showed silencing CHUP1‐induced chloroplast stromules and amplified effector‐triggered immunity (ETI); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

CHUP1 has a dual function in anchoring chloroplasts and recruiting chloroplast‐associated actin (cp‐actin) filaments for blue light‐induced movement. To determine which function is critical for ETI, we developed an approach to quantify chloroplast anchoring and movement in epidermal cells. Our data show that silencing NbCHUP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants increased epidermal chloroplast de‐anchoring and basal movement but did not fully disrupt blue light‐induced chloroplast movement.

Silencing NbCHUP1 auto‐activated epidermal chloroplast defense (ECD) responses including stromule formation, perinuclear chloroplast clustering, the epidermal chloroplast response (ECR), and the chloroplast reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These findings show chloroplast anchoring restricts a multifaceted ECD response.

Our results also show that the accumulated chloroplastic H2O2 in NbCHUP1‐silenced plants was not required for the increased basal epidermal chloroplast movement but was essential for increased stromules and enhanced ETI. This finding indicates that chloroplast de‐anchoring and H2O2 play separate but essential roles during ETI.
The Role of Autophagy on Osteogenesis of Dental Follicle Cells Under Inflammatory Microenvironment
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Huang Haiyan , Luo Linjuan , Jiang Beizhan
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study investigated the role of autophagy on osteogenesis of DFCs under inflammatory microenvironment during tooth eruption.

Methods

DFCs were isolated and identified. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to construct the inflammatory microenvironment in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was examined by CCK‐8 assay. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red S (ARS) staining. The gene and protein levels were examined using qRT‐PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. We observed the process of tooth eruption after local LPS injection by micro‐CT and HE staining. Osteogenesis and autophagy were monitored through qRT‐PCR, western blot and histological staining of specific markers.

Results

LPS at the indicated concentrations did not produce toxic effects on DFCs, and significantly promoted the inflammatory gene expression. LPS inhibited osteogenic differentiation and activated autophagy in DFCs. Blocking autophagy with 3‐MA reversed the expression of osteogenic markers in LPS‐treated DFCs. Additionally, the eruption of LPS‐treated teeth was accelerated and their DFs exhibited an increased expression of TNF‐α and Beclin1, and decreased expression of ALP and RUNX2.

Conclusions

Autophagy was involved in the suppression of the DFCs osteogenesis in an LPS‐induced inflammatory condition, suggesting the pivotal role of autophagy in inflammation‐induced premature tooth eruption.
Oral Manifestations in Paraneoplastic Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Messina Sabrina , De Falco Domenico , Petruzzi Massimo
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study examined the prevalence of oral signs and symptoms in paraneoplastic syndromes.

Materials and Methods

A systematic search on oral paraneoplastic syndromes was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Ovid, and Scopus databases from inception to April 1, 2024. Risk of bias was evaluated using the MURAD or Quality in Prognosis Studies tools, and a random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed. Evidence quality was rated using the GRADE approach.

Results

The study sample comprised 811 participants from 487 studies. Oral manifestations predominantly affected patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and acanthosis nigricans. Palate is the most frequently affected site (18.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.7–21.9), while erosion was the most common lesion type (83.3%; 95% CI 72.2–92.0) associated with the underlying malignancy. The prevalence of death in people with paraneoplastic syndromes was 50.9% (95% CI 39.9–61.7), while the prevalence of remission after neoplasm treatment was 63.4% (95% CI 49.9–76.0). GRADE assessment revealed uniformly low to very low certainty for all outcomes studied.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these oral manifestations, which is crucial for earlier paraneoplastic syndrome diagnosis and optimal patient management.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO number: CRD42022328921
Generalization of a density‐dependent ecosystem function in dominant aquatic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Alther Roman , Cerroti Francesca , Cereghetti Eva , Krähenbühl Andrin , Altermatt Florian
Published: October 2024

The processing of organic matter is a central ecosystem function in freshwater ecosystems that allows the integration of terrestrial plant material into aquatic heterotrophic food webs. From an energetic perspective, many temperate aquatic systems fundamentally depend on such allochthonous inputs. Current research established that this central ecosystem function may be linked to population density of few yet dominant invertebrate detritivores, showing a negative density‐dependent relationship. Here, we extended the current knowledge and experimentally assessed the processing of leaf litter by freshwater amphipods, using broad density gradients, interspecific competition, and laboratory and field experiments. We used two species of dominant amphipods, namely the native Gammarus fossarum and the non‐native Gammarus roeselii, varying their density by two orders of magnitude, both in single‐species and two‐species treatments. Results from 252 mesocosms in the lab and 97 mesocosms in a natural stream show that per capita leaf litter processing rates are strongly negatively dependant on population density in monocultures. Interspecific competition in two‐species treatments corroborated the negative density‐dependent ecosystem function and highlighted the functional redundancy of the two detritivore species. We identified a flattening in the processing rates at previously unreported but well‐defined breakpoints. These breakpoints may reflect minimal metabolic requirements at which survival takes precedence over any other process, such as interference competition. The breakpoints were consistent across both species, indicating that they must process leaf litter equalling one fifth to one fourth of their dry body weight per day as a minimal nutritional threshold. Our results suggest the need for integrating nonlinear density‐dependencies and breakpoint population densities in key ecosystem functions in aquatic ecosystem modelling alongside classical biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Depending on the population density the corresponding ecosystem functioning could differ significantly. This corroborates the need to better understand biodiversity–abundance relationships when protecting aquatic ecosystems.
Genetic and Environmental Patterns Underlying Phenotypic Plasticity in Flowering Time and Plant Height in Sorghum
Authors: Wei Jialu , Guo Tingting , Mu Qi , Alladassi Boris M.E. , Mural Ravi V. , Boyles Richard E. , Hoffmann Leo , Hayes Chad M. , Sigmon Brandi , Thompson Addie M. , Salas‐Fernandez Maria G. , Rooney William L. , Kresovich Stephen , Schnable James C. , Li Xianran , Yu Jianming
Published: October 2024

Phenotypic plasticity is the property of a genotype to produce different phenotypes under different environmental conditions. Understanding genetic and environmental factors behind phenotypic plasticity helps answer some longstanding biology questions and improve phenotype prediction. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic plasticity of flowering time and plant height with a set of diverse sorghum lines evaluated across 14 natural field environments. An environmental index was identified to quantitatively connect the environments. Reaction norms were then obtained with the identified indices for genetic dissection of phenotypic plasticity and performance prediction. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) detected different sets of loci for reaction‐norm parameters (intercept and slope), including 10 new genomic regions in addition to known maturity (Ma1) and dwarfing genes (Dw1, Dw2, Dw3, Dw4 and qHT7.1). Cross‐validations under multiple scenarios showed promising results in predicting diverse germplasm in dynamic environments. Additional experiments conducted at four new environments, including one from a site outside of the geographical region of the initial environments, further validated the predictions. Our findings indicate that identifying the environmental index enriches our understanding of gene‐environmental interplay underlying phenotypic plasticity, and that genomic prediction with the environmental dimension facilitates prediction‐guided breeding for future environments.
Success rate and predictors of failure of enema reduction of intussusception in children with a water‐soluble contrast medium at a height of 120 cm or less
Authors: Yatabe Reiko , Kishibe Shun , Akahoshi Shogo , Shimojima Naoki , Sakakibara Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

Background

This study investigates the reduction rate and failure predictors of hydrostatic enema reduction for intussusception. The procedure typically begins with a water‐soluble contrast medium at 90 cm above the patient, subsequently elevated to 120 cm. Our focus is on the reduction rate during initial attempts when the contrast medium is positioned at or below 120 cm from the patient.

Methods

Hydrostatic enema reductions for intussusception, performed between March 2010 and May 2022 at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, were investigated retrospectively. The initial attempts involved one or more trials. The clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of failure when the reduction was performed with the water‐soluble contrast medium at a height of 120 cm or less.

Results

Reduction was achieved successfully with the water‐soluble contrast medium at a height at or below 120 cm in 77.5% of 351 patients. When reductions performed at heights greater than 120 cm were included, 333 (94.9%) were successful during the initial attempts and were unaccompanied by complications. Predictors of failure of reductions performed at or below 120 cm were age less than 12 months and the presence of trapped fluid.

Conclusion

The present study found a successful reduction rate of 77.5% during the initial attempts, suggesting that a height greater than 120 cm may yield an even greater success rate. Children aged below 12 months and those with trapped fluid may have a greater failure risk during the initial attempts.
Orthodontic management of uneven gingival margins in patients with healthy or reduced periodontium to improve smile aesthetics
Authors: Martin Conchita , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Gonzalez‐Martin Oscar , Sanz Mariano
Published: October 2024

Uneven gingival margins may cause visible asymmetries during smiling and may reflect alterations in the tooth shape and morphology, particularly in cases requiring restorative procedures. Despite being perceived as a minor health condition, presence of uneven gingival margins usually impacts the smile aesthetics and could affect the individual's appearance, self‐esteem, and overall quality of life, especially in subjects with a high smile line. Uneven gingival margins may result from different causes, which makes an accurate diagnosis fundamental for its treatment planning. Orthodontic treatment often serves as a conservative approach for leveling these margins, by achieving the most appropriate tooth position. This article reviews the rationale, differential diagnosis, and clinical management of uneven gingival margins using orthodontic tooth movements, providing insights for orthodontists, periodontists, and restorative dentists on the interdisciplinary care needed to correct this condition, and hence, to improve the subject's smile aesthetics.
EzySCR: A free and easy tool for scoring event‐related skin conductance responses in the first, second, and third interval latency windows
Authors: Ney Luke J. , Pardo Jorge L. , Lipp Ottmar V.
Published: October 2024

Skin conductance is a commonly used physiological measure during psychology experiments, such as during fear conditioning. Methods for scoring skin conductance responses (SCRs) are highly heterogeneous, though most researchers agree that manually inspected scores provide the highest quality data when compared to most available fully automated scoring methods. However, manual scoring is extremely time‐consuming. We developed a semi‐automated scoring program that reduces the time required to process SCR data at a level of quality akin to manual scoring. In contrast to all previous scoring programs, our program enables scoring of first interval response (FIR), second interval response (SIR), and third interval response (TIR) SCRs. Using interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Bland–Altman plots and Pareto analysis, we show here that our method is highly reliable and produces data that are almost identical to data that are manually scored and scored using LEDALAB. This software is very easy to use and is freely available to download and modify. We expect that this software will be helpful in reducing the time required to produce high quality FIR, SIR, and TIR skin conductance data for psychology researchers around the world.
Geochemical exploration and baseline from marine sediments in the fjords, channels and straits of Magellan, Chilean Patagonia
Authors: Ayala‐Lara Nicolás , Moncada Daniel , De Pascale Gregory , Deckart Katja , Townley Brian , Quiroga Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Chilean Patagonia has a complex geological history dominated recently by Quaternary glaciers and rivers that have carried sediments from the mountains to depositional environments within marine fjords and channels. Although much is known about onshore placer deposits, little is known about these deposits and depositional systems in the offshore realm. This study analyzes the chemistry and mineralogy of marine sediments collected in the Strait of Magellan and around the region. This study aims to comprehend the distribution, concentration and provenance of critical/strategic elements and precious metals. In collaboration with the Cabo de Hornos research vessel of the Chilean Navy, 63 sediment samples were collected using a box core sampler, complemented with coastal beach samples. These samples underwent petrographic and geochemical analysis. The predominant opaque minerals identified in these samples are mainly iron oxides (magnetite–hematite‐ilmenite) and sulfides (pyrite, exceptional greigite). A comparison of the average element concentration for all samples for different baseline values revealed the following findings. As, Bi, Li, Re, Sb, Se, Te, and Pd exhibit positive anomalies for the Upper Continental Crust (UCC); Re, Se, and Sr. exhibit positive anomalies for Marine Sediments (MS), and Bi, Cs, Li, Re, Se, Sn, and Te show positive anomalies relative to the Folded Belt (FB). The main contrast anomalies occur in the following locations. Almirantazgo Sound (Sn, Ba, Sb, and Tm); Concepción Channel (Re, Sr., and Te); Smyth Channel (Mn, Re, Sb, Sr., Te, and Se); Almirante Montt Gulf (Mn, Re, and Sb); Nelson Strait (Re, Sr., and Te); Ancho Pass (Ti and Sr); Europa Fjord (Bi and Sn); Del Hambre Pass (Sr); Magdalena Channel and Sound (Sr); Froward Pass (Se), and Whiteside Channel (Mn). Regarding precious metals, silver exhibits contrasting anomalies relative to the UCC in seafloor sediments in the Almirante Montt Gulf (0.161 ppm) and Concepción Channel (0.101 ppm). Palladium contrast anomaly is observed in the Peel Estuary (8 ppb) and Platinum contrast anomalies occur in the Concepción (3 and 5 ppb) and Smyth Channels (4 ppb). Finally, gold, in comparison to the South Patagonian Batholith, reveals contrasting anomalies that occur in the Concepción Channel (8 ppb), Peel Estuary (6.7 and 8 ppb), Nelson Strait (7 ppb), Almirante Montt Gulf (6 ppb), Forward Pass (8 ppb), and Ancho Pass (7 ppb). In summary, the presented results provide valuable insights into the geological and geochemical baseline of the region, offering a better understanding of the relationship with depositional basins and source zones onshore during the late‐Quaternary.
Ricœur Before the ‘Hermeneutical Turn’: Two Works on the Early RicœurRicœur at the Limits of Philosophy: God, Creation, and Evil, BarnabasAspray, Cambridge University Press, 2022 (ISBN 978-1-009-18674-2), x + 254 pp., hb £75A Companion to Ricœur's The Symbolism of Evil, Scott Davidson (ed.), Lexington Books, 2020 (ISBN 978-1-4985-8714-3), xx + 226 pp., hb £73
Authors: Best Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This review article explores two recent works on Paul Ricœur, A Companion to Ricoeur's The Symbolism of Evil, edited by Scott Davidson, and Ricœur at the Limits of Philosophy: God, Creation, and Evil by Barnabas Aspray. Both works focus on Ricœur's early works, before the ‘hermeneutical turn’. In this review, I show how both works demonstrate Ricœur's applicability to contemporary theological thought, especially concerning the symbols of creation and evil. Ultimately, both works show the depth and complexity of Ricœur's early work and his continued importance for understanding how the symbols of creation, existence, finitude and God are deep and multifaceted.
Paul on SalvationPaul and the Economy of Salvation: Reading from the Perspective of the Last Judgment, Brendan Byrne, SJ, Baker Academic, 2021 (ISBN 978‐1‐5409‐6289‐8), xvi + 286 pp., 7hb $45The Letter to the Romans: A Short Commentary, Frederick DaleBruner, Eerdmans, 2021 (ISBN 978‐0‐8028‐7943‐1), xiv + 218 pp., hb $26.99The New Perspective on Grace: Paul and the Gospel after Paul and the Gift, EdwardAdams, Dorothea H.Bertschmann, Stephen J.Chester, Jonathan A.Linebaugh, and Todd D.Still (eds), Eerdmans, 2021 (ISBN‐978‐0‐8028‐7891‐5), xiv + 402 pp., hb $64.99Glorification and the Life of Faith, AshleyCocksworth and David F.Ford, Baker Academic, 2023 (ISBN 978‐1‐5409‐6158‐6), xviii + 170 pp., pb $24.99
Authors: O'Leary Joseph S.
Published: October 2024

The majestic sequence of saving events in Rom 8:29–30 provides a framework within which to consider the four books reviewed here: ‘For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the first‐born among many brethren. And those whom he predestined he also called; and those whom he called he also justified; and those whom he justified he also glorified’.
Effect of application of dental varnishes on the properties and chemical composition in irradiated teeth
Authors: Guzmán Sonia , López Pia , Cortés Olga
Published: October 2024

Aims

To analyze the protective properties of fluor dental varnishes in teeth subjected to radiotherapy.

Methods and results

Eighty teeth were irradiated with a single dose of 60 Gy. Samples were randomized, and the following groups were made: negative control (n = 16); irradiation control (n = 16); irradiation + Duraphat (n = 16); irradiation + Mi Varnish (n = 16); and irradiation + Rivastar (n = 16). Energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX) analysis and Raman spectrometry were performed to analyze the elemental composition and enamel's chemical structure. The Mi Varnish group presented a lower value (p < .05) in the Ca/F ratio than the other groups. Duraphat group presents differences (p < .05) in the ratio 1070 cm1‐960 cm−1 compared to all the other groups.

Conclusion

Based on these in vitro results, the different varnishes used showed a similar preventive effect on the lesions produced by radiotherapy, with none standing out over the others
Nature and significance of Late Pleistocene to Holocene thick evaporite deposits of the Danakil Depression, Afar, Ethiopia
Authors: Rime Valentin , Negga Haileyesus , Fentimen Robin , Rüggeberg Andres , El Korh Afifé , Pirkenseer Claudius , Schaegis Jean‐Charles , Hajdas Irka , Adatte Thierry , Atnafu Balemwal , Kidane Tesfaye , Foubert Anneleen
Published: October 2024

Large evaporite deposits, reaching several hundreds of metres of thickness, occur in many basins of our planet but remain poorly understood due to the absence of modern analogues. The origin of ancient evaporites and their highly variable sedimentation rates are often debated and ambiguous. The Danakil rift basin in northern Afar (Ethiopia) features several hundreds of metres of evaporites with deposition still continuing today and, as such, represents a unique modern analogue for older thick evaporite deposits. This study focuses on the multi‐proxy analysis of a 625 m long core from the central part of the basin. The core record, dominated by halite (ca 60%) with subordinate clastic sediments (ca 35%) and potash minerals (ca 5%) reveals, for the first time, the Late Pleistocene to Recent geological and environmental history of the basin. Sediments experienced restricted marine conditions after the last Late Pleistocene marine incursion in the basin, followed by a hypersaline stage leading to the near‐desiccation of the basin with the deposition of thick halite and potash deposits. Subsequent recycling of marginal halite deposits by meteoric waters in lacustrine and salt pan environments significantly increased the evaporite thickness in the subsiding central part of the basin. These findings have implications for the understanding of older thick evaporite deposits that formed in similar depositional settings. They show that several hundred of metres of evaporite can form in less than 128 kyr by evaporation of meteoric and seawater following a single marine flooding of the basin.
Paternal HLA‐Derived Epitopes and Live Birth in Secondary Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: New Insights From a Clinical Trial
Authors: Krog Maria Christine , Peereboom Emma T. M. , Geneugelijk Kirsten , Matern Benedict M. , Kolte Astrid Marie , Christiansen Ole Bjarne , Steffensen Rudi , Nielsen Henriette Svarre , Spierings Eric
Published: October 2024

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more pregnancy losses before the 24th week of gestation, affects 1%–3% of women worldwide. Approximately, 40% of RPL cases are secondary RPL (sRPL), where women have given birth before facing pregnancy losses. The underlying causes of RPL remain unclear, but immune‐related factors may play a role. Previously, a randomised controlled trial using immunoglobulin (IVIG) in sRPL women with a history of four pregnancy losses performed in our RPL unit did not show significant effects of IVIG treatment overall. Yet, some evidence suggests potential benefits for a subset of sRPL patients. In the cohort used for the randomised controlled trial, we examined the role of maternal HLA class II‐presented fetal HLA‐derived epitopes in sRPL using the predicted indirectly recognisable HLA epitopes (PIRCHE‐II) algorithm. In the placebo group, sRPL mothers with an anti‐HLA antibody response had higher PIRCHE‐II scores when having a live birth compared with sRPL women who experienced another pregnancy loss. This difference was not observed in the IVIG‐treated group. Furthermore, as a proxy for T‐cell memory, the number of overlapping peptides between the two paternal haplotypes in couples having live births without treatment displayed a larger number of overlapping peptides. This effect was primarily driven by class II‐derived peptides. These results suggest that specific combinations of sRPL mothers and fathers, particularly those with an anti‐HLA antibody response, may generate higher PIRCHE‐II scores, which could contribute to successful live births. Understanding these immune interactions may provide insights for personalised diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in sRPL.
Redefining ‘sustainability’: A systematic approach for defining and assessing ‘sustainability’ and ‘social sustainability’
Authors: de Fine Licht Karl , Folland Anna
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the pursuit of social sustainability has intensified, especially in urban development. This has resulted in numerous definitions of ‘social sustainability’ from stakeholders including researchers, non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) and both private and public sector entities. These definitions vary widely, encompassing values such as well‐being, good governance, equality, trust, diversity, and accessibility. Despite extensive contributions, a universally accepted definition remains elusive, indicating the need for further conceptual work. The primary issue is the lack of explicit criteria for adequacy, leading to a stalemate in the literature. To address this issue, de Fine Licht and Folland, in 2019, proposed a framework with nine conditions of adequacy for evaluating definitions. Building on this framework, our paper systematically analyses and critiques existing definitions and proposes new, formal definitions for both ‘sustainability’ and ‘social sustainability’. Our approach identifies central challenges in existing definitions, demonstrates their inadequacy and presents an enhanced formal definition that avoids these pitfalls. Although our definitions do not specify particular values, they offer substantial results relevant to the sustainability discourse. The novelty of our work lies in our formal definition, engagement with the conditions of adequacy and systematic critique of existing definitions.
Ethnic diversity in Chilean blood groups: A comprehensive analysis of genotypes, phenotypes, alleles and the immunogenic potential of antigens in northern, southern and central regions
Authors: Núñez Ahumada María Antonieta , Gonzalez Fernando Pontigo , Aros Carlos Arancibia , Canals Andrea , Soza Lilian Jara , Rodriguez Valeska , Vargas Catalina , Saa Edgardo , Castilho Lilian
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

The available information on blood groups in the Chilean population is derived from studies on aboriginal cohorts and routine serological test results. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of genotypes, phenotypes and blood group alleles in donors from northern, central and southern Chile using molecular methods.

Materials and Methods

Overall, 850 samples from donors in northern, central and southern Chile were genotyped. Allelic, genotypic and antigenic frequencies were calculated and compared among regions. Of these, 602 samples were analysed by haemagglutination, and discrepancies found between phenotypes and genotypes were investigated. The immunogenic potential of antigens was calculated by the Giblett equation, using the antigenic frequencies of donors from Santiago and the alloantibody frequencies of patients from the same region.

Results

Alleles of low prevalence, variant alleles and those responsible for the absence of high‐prevalence antigens were found. Significant differences were observed between the antigenic frequencies of the three regions. Discrepancies between serologic and molecular results were mostly attributed to the molecular background affecting antigen expression. In the calculation of the immunogenic potential of antigens, the highest value was attributed to the Dia antigen.

Conclusion

These findings represent the first molecular characterization of blood group antigens in Chileans. Our results highlight the necessity of using molecular tools to explore the genotypes underlying variant phenotypes, low‐frequency antigens and antigens lacking specific antisera that cannot be detected by haemagglutination. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of understanding the distribution of blood groups among different populations.
Comparative genomics provides insights into the evolutionary history of the phylum Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata) and uncovers the adaptive evolution of anaerobic ciliate classes
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liang Fasheng , Fu Yu , Chi Yong , Song Wen , Warren Alan , Li Lifang
Published: October 2024

Ciliophora are one of the most diverse phyla of unicellular eukaryotes. Members of this group are widely distributed and have been found in several environments including those that are anaerobic. However, the paucity of sufficient omics data for the major classes of the phylum Ciliophora, especially the anaerobic ciliate lineages, has been a serious impediment to research thus far. In this study, omics data were expanded to include representatives of 16 ciliate classes (excluding Cariacotrichea and Copemetopea) using single‐cell sequencing techniques. Using omics data of 57 ciliates and two apicomplexans, we conducted a comparative genomics study. Phylogenomic analysis based on 156 orthologous genes showed that: there are two superclades within the subphylum Intramacronucleata, i.e., Colpodea + Oligohymenophorea + Nassophorea + Plagiopylea + Prostomatea + Phyllopharyngea (CONThreeP), and Spirotrichea + Armophorea + Litostomatea + Odontostomatea + Muranotrichea + Parablepharismea (SALOMP); with the exception of Armophorea, all ciliate classes are monophyletic; neither Metopus nor Plagiopyla is monophyletic; Paraspathidium has a close affiliation with prostomateans. The results of the divergence time estimations indicated that: the radiation of Ciliophora occurred ca. 1067 million years ago (Mya); the SALOMP and CONThreeP lineages diverged from the intramacronucleatean common ancestor ca. 892 Mya and 851 Mya, respectively; the split between Muranotrichea and Parablepharismea occurred ca. 712 Mya; Odontostomatea are the youngest class, with a crown age estimated at ca. 19 Mya. In addition, we profiled stop codon usage and programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) events. Our analyses revealed that: most of the species investigated use either TAA or TGA as the biased stop codon; stop codon usage in Paraspathidium sp. resembles that of Prostomatea; almost all ciliates included in the analyses have prevalent +1 and −1 PRF events. Finally, through GO enrichment analysis for group‐shared orthogroups of five anaerobic ciliate classes, we successfully identified the biological process and molecular function GO terms that were related to the adaptation of this particular group of ciliates to anaerobic environments. Together, these findings provide new insights into the evolutionary history of the Ciliophora and deepen our understanding of the adaptation of anaerobic ciliate groups to anaerobic environments from an evolutionary perspective.
Dynamical diophantine approximation exponents in characteristic p$p$
Authors: Hindes Wade
Published: October 2024

Let be a non‐isotrivial rational function in one‐variable with coefficients in and assume that is not a post‐critical point for . Then we prove that the diophantine approximation exponent of elements of are eventually bounded above by . To do this, we mix diophantine techniques in characteristic with the adelic equidistribution of small points in Berkovich space. As an application, we deduce a form of Silverman's celebrated limit theorem in this setting. Namely, if we take any wandering point and write for some coprime polynomials , then we prove that
whenever 0 and are both not post‐critical points for . In characteristic , the Thue–Siegel–Dyson–Roth theorem is false, and so our proof requires different techniques than those used by Silverman.
Deconstructible abstract elementary classes of modules and categoricity
Authors: Šaroch Jan , Trlifaj Jan
Published: October 2024

We prove a version of Shelah's categoricity conjecture for arbitrary deconstructible classes of modules. Moreover, we show that if is a deconstructible class of modules that fits in an abstract elementary class such that (1) is closed under direct summands and (2) refines direct summands, then is closed under arbitrary direct limits. In the Appendix, we prove that the assumption (2) is not needed in some models of ZFC.
On Weil–Stark elements, I: Construction and general properties
Authors: Burns David , Macias Castillo Daniel , Seo Soogil
Published: October 2024

We construct a canonical family of elements in the reduced exterior powers of unit groups of global fields and investigate their detailed arithmetic properties. We then show that these elements specialise to recover the classical theory of cyclotomic elements in real abelian fields and also have connections to the theory of non‐commutative Euler systems for over general number fields.
Model Order Determination for Modal Parameter Estimation: Application to a Composite Fan Stage
Authors: Jorajuria Corentin , Gibert Claude , Esteves Cécile , Thouverez Fabrice
Published: October 2024

Experimental methods are necessary to quantify structural damping. Among these methods, modal testing of bladed disks is of particular interest because it provides an efficient experimental characterization of these structures, which are critical parts of aeronautic turbojet engines. This work presents techniques to determine the optimal order of subspace state-space identification methods for modal parameter estimation of a realistic fan stage. Indeed, the order of the identification model is unknown during modal analysis requiring techniques to determine which model order should be used for parameter estimation. To investigate these techniques, several methods to estimate the optimal model order are reviewed. A specific focus is proposed on the determination of model order through statistical tests as these techniques have the benefits of providing indicators along with a threshold built over hypothesis testing and a probability of rejection. In order to further analyze model order determination techniques, some of these techniques are evaluated by means of a numerical model of a realistic fan stage, hence making possible to assess the performances of estimation methods close to experimental conditions. In particular, estimation in a context of high modal density as well as model order determination through “M-test” are addressed using this model. After assessing the implemented estimation method over the numerical model, this method is applied over experimental data obtained by performing modal tests over a full-scale composite rotating fan in vacuum condition.
Safety in Wearable Robotic Exoskeletons: Design, Control, and Testing Guidelines
Authors: Nasr Ali , Inkol Keaton , McPhee John
Published: October 2024

Exoskeletons, wearable robotic devices designed to enhance human strength and endurance, find applications in various fields such as healthcare and industry; however, stringent safety measures should be adopted in such settings. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of challenges associated with exoskeleton technology, ranging from mechanical issues to regulatory and ethical considerations. The enumerated challenges include joint hyper-extension or flexion, rapid or sudden motion, misalignment, fit, and comfort issues, mechanical failure, weight and mobility limitations, environmental challenges, power supply issues, high energy consumption and regeneration, fall risk or stability concerns, sensor failures, control algorithm malfunctions, machine-learning model challenges, communication disconnection, actuator malfunctions, unexpected human–robot interactions, and regulatory and ethical considerations. The paper outlines possible risks and suggests practical solutions based on design, control, and testing methods for each challenge. The objective is to offer a guideline for developers and users, emphasizing safety, reliability, and optimal performance in the ever-evolving landscape of exoskeleton technology. The guideline covers preoperation checks, user training, emergency response, real-time monitoring, and user interaction to ensure responsible innovation and user-centricity in exoskeleton development and deployment.
Fourth-Order Accurate Strain-Parameterized Shape Representation of Beam Elements for Modeling Continuum Robots and Robotic Manipulation of Slender Objects
Authors: Müller Andreas
Published: October 2024

Soft rods and tubular elements are the main building blocks of continuum robots. Kinetostatic models along with a geometrically exact description of the kinematics on SE(3) are now an established foundation for simulation and control. A key aspect is the reconstruction of the actual shape of a soft slender element. This involves numerically solving nonlinear differential equations on SE(3), which is problematic, in particular for real-time applications. To circumvent this, shape functions are used to approximate the deformation. A widely used approach is based on the constant curvature assumption. This has limited accuracy, however. In this article, an interpolation is presented that leads to a fourth-order accurate approximation of the deformation of a Cosserat beam. This serves as a strain-parameterized shape function. Either the strain at the two ends of the beam or the strain and its derivative at one end are specified. The presented interpolation is relevant also for shape control when handling flexible slender objects with robotic manipulators.