bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstractss from Other Journals
Authors: Gehani A.A. , Hammoudeh M.
Published: February 2016

Context Heart failure (HF) is the most common complication of infective endocarditis. However, clinical characteristics of HF in patients with infective endocarditis, use of surgical therapy, and their associations with patient outcome are not well described.

Objectives: To determine the clinical, echocardiography, and microbiological variables associated with HF in patients with definite infective endocarditis and to examine variables independently associated with in-hospital and 1 -year mortality for patients with infective endocarditis and HF, including the use and association of surgery with outcome.

Design, Setting, and Patients: The International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study, a prospective, multicenter study enrolling 4166 patients with definite nativeor prosthetic-valve infective endocarditis from 61 centers in 28 countries between June 2000 and December 2006. Main Outcome Measures In-hospital and 1 -year mortality.
Abstractss “From Qatar to the World”
Authors: Gehani A.A. , Hammoudeh M.
Published: February 2016

The utilization of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in the routine care for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has resulted in significant improvement in their prognosis. Consequently, recommendations on the use of these management strategies are reflected in the ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and myocardial infarction. However, among other causes, the 'phobia' of nephrotoxicity of iodinated contrast media (ICM) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and its claimed adverse effect on shortterm and longterm survival has led to a worryingly low use of ICM-based diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in patients with CKD. We argue that the fear of iodinated contrast media-induced acute kidney injury (ICI-AKI) is not a valid reason to avoid ICMbased investigations/interventions in CKD patients with ACS; the risks of myocardial infarction and death greatly outweigh the risk of ICI-AKI in most of these patients and hence they should always be considered for myocardial revascularization.
Rupture of the Gravid Utensis
Authors: Al Sakka M. , Daulah W. , Al Maslamani K.H.
Published: February 2016

Records were reviewed of 81 cases of ruptured gravid uteri seen in the hospitals of Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, in the 32 years 1977–2008, an overall incidence of 0.025%, although the incidence 1977–1997 was 0.01 % and that of 1998–2008 was 0.036%. Grand multiparity was a prominent cause (56.5%) in the first 21 years but less so in the later period 1998–2008 (10%) although involvement of a uterine scar from a previous caesarian section was noted more (84%) in the later period than in 1977– 1997 (43.5%). Other associated factors were the use of oxytocin or PGE2. Epidural anesthesia in the later period might have provoked abnormal fetal heart rates. The need for hysterectomy decreased from 65% to 10%. Perinatal mortality decreased slightly. Although we conclude that uterine rupture is rare (0.025%) it can be catastrophic for mother and newborn and might be prevented by multi-layer uterine hysterotomy closure, a longer interpregnancy interval following a caesarian section, and no or limited use of prostaglandins.
Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity Among Primary School Children in Qatar
Authors: Al Khalaf F. A. , Darwish E. A. , Katab M.
Published: February 2016

A cross-sectional stratified cluster sample of 4291 children (2187 boys and 2104 girls) aged 6 to18 years attending primary public schools in Qatar was used to determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among primary school children in Qatar using BMI as an indicator. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain socio-demographic data. Anthropometric measures were taken by trained nurse. The study revealed a high prevalence of underweight and obesity among Qatari children, with both conditions implicating adverse short and long-term health effects. The prevalence of underweight (BMI <  5% of CDC standard for ageand sex) was 14.6%, overweight (BMI 85% to 95%) was 11.6% and obesity (BMI > 95%) was 14.7% (95% confidence level). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in girls (28.7%) than boys (24%) but was similar in Qatari (26.4%) and non-Qatari children (26.2%). The prevalence of both underweight (15.6%) and obesity (15.8%) were considerably higher in Qatari children.
Frequency of Mutant p53 Among Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Ibrahem WN , Hasony HJ , Hassan JG
Published: February 2016

A study was carried out to investigate the status of p53 proteins and their relation to the occurrence of TEL-AML-1 translocation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) attending the oncology unit at Basrah maternity and children hospital during the period from May 2009 to April 2010. A total of 100 blood samples were collected from 40 newly diagnosed ALL cases, and 60 healthy children served as controls. Anti-p53 antibody was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and TEL-AML-1 fusion gene was determined by reversetranscriptase polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) on RNA extracted from fresh blood samples. The overall proportion of anti-p53 was 20% in the leukemic patients, whereas none of the healthy control group showed anti-p53 positivity. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). According to the French-American-British (FAB) classification, 75% of the anti-p53 positive cases were classified as L2 stage ALL. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between standard and high-risk groups of ALL patients in the frequency of anti-p53: 40% of high-risk group members had anti-p53 compared to 8% in the standard risk patients. There was no association (P>0.05) between TEL-AML-1 translocation and anti-p53. None of the standard risk patients with positive TEL-AML-1 fusion gene displayed the anti-p53 while 33.3% of TEL-AML-1 positive with high risk displayed the antip53 antibody.
Is Bone Marrow Examination Justified in Isolated Childhood Thrombocytopenia?
Authors: Abdurrahman K. N. , Hasan K. H. , Muhsen A. A.
Published: February 2016

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (UP) is a common pediatric hematologic disorder. Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) is often performed in children with acute ITP to rule out leukemia, aplastic anemia or other hematologic diseases. However, whether BMA is needed in children with typical and hematological features of acute ITP has been questioned. To determine whether BMA is indicated in acute childhood ITP, samples were examined from 122 patients with the provisional diagnosis of acute ITP attending Hevi Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Duhok/North of Iraq between August 2006 and July 2010. Typical acute ITP was defined as an appearance of well being, no hepatosplenomegaly, no lymphadenopathy, normal Hb, WBC, neutrophil count and peripheral blood smear except for thrombocytopenia. A platelet count of 50 x109/L or lower was the cut-off level. No diagnoses of leukemia or aplastic anemia were revealed in the 122 (100%) children with typical hematologic features of ITP and it was concluded that routine BMA is not needed for children with typical features of acute ITP.
Pai Syndrome: First reported case in Qatar and review of literature
Authors: Abdelmaaboud M , El Yafawi R. , Zakri F.
Published: February 2016

Pai Syndrome was first described in 1987 as a constellation of three developmental anomalies: i) complete median cleft palate, ii) cutaneous polyps and iii) midline lipomas of the central nervous system.(1) Since then, eighteen cases have been reported by Pai et al,(1) Preece et al,(2) Morgan and Evans,(3) Rudnikschoneborn and Zerres,(4) Mishima et al,(5) Al Mazrou et al,(6) Coban et al,(7), Szeto et al,(8) Guion-Almeida et al,(9) and Castori et al,(10) Vaccarella et al,(11) Chousta et al,(12) and Ochoa et al(13) To our knowledge, this is the first case of Pai Syndrome to be reported in Qatar and the second case in a patient of Arabian descent. The aim of this paper is to describe the clinical presentation of a variant of Pai Syndrome including a novel ocular finding.
Epidemiology of Status Epilepticus Among Children in Qatar in 2008
Authors: Alshami R , Bessisso M , El Said MF , Al Ansari K
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground:Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in childhood is a medical emergency and its epidemiology should be studied separately from adult CSE; this study reviewed pediatric cases reported in Qatar in 2008.Methods:A retrospective study for a defined pediatric age group (30 days <  age <  15 years) with SE was carried out in Qatar for 12 months and included 25 patients.Results::Of the patients, 56% male, 44% female, 56% were younger than 2 years, and 52% had febrile status epilepticus, 76.9% of whom were boys. All who displayed prolonged seizure status (more than 45 min) had abnormal EEG and brain CT readings and required a prolonged stay in PICU; 20% had history of status epilepticus before.Conclusions::The incidence of SE in Qatar is similar to reports around the world, and the age-specific incidence pattern is similar as well. Febrile status epilepticus is the most important cause especially in boys. Symptomatic SE has a significantly longer duration with higher risk for recurrence than idiopathic SE.
Continuous manufacturing of carboxyamidotriazoleencapsulated nanoemulsions using adaptive focused acoustics: Potential green technology for the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Choi GiHun , Kakumanu Srikanth , Schmitz Leah , Robinson Gary LWG , Beckett Carl D. , Laugharn James A.
Published: February 2016

Nanoemulsions containing hydrophobic drugs have a great potential in the pharmaceutical industries to improve thebioavailability of the drug. However, currently there is no cost-effective way of producing nanoemulsions in large scale.The need of subjecting emulsions to an extreme pressure of 50 MPa demands a large excess of energy for themanufacturing process, while low-energy method requires large amount of solvents. Here, nanoemulsions containing awell-characterized hydrophobic drug, carboxyamidotriazole (CAI), are produced in both batch and continuous modes todemonstrate the scalability of nanoemulsion production using Covaris’ Adaptive Focused Acoustics™ (AFA) technology.To move from batch scale to continuous flow, the acoustic and thermal energy inputs can be manipulated to adjust particlesize, while the composition and temperature of starting materials can be altered to achieve complete dissolution ofhydrophobic drugs, thus providing 100% encapsulation efficiency. Furthermore, using two AFA systems in series candrastically enhance the production flow rates, making AFA a competitive means for producing nanoemulsions in thepharmaceutical industry.
A Comparative Study of Google Translate Translations: An Error Analysis of English-to-Persian and Persian-to-English Translations
Authors: Ghasemi Hadis , Hashemian Mahmood
Published: February 2016

Both lack of time and the need to translate texts for numerous reasons brought about an increase in studying machine translation with a history spanning over 65 years. During the last decades, Google Translate, as a statistical machine translation (SMT), was in the center of attention for supporting 90 languages. Although there are many studies on Google Translate, few researchers have considered Persian-English translation pairs. This study used Keshavarzʼs (1999) model of error analysis to carry out a comparison study between the raw English-Persian translations and Persian-English translations from Google Translate. Based on the criteria presented in the model, 100 systematically selected sentences from an interpreter app called Motarjem Hamrah were translated by Google Translate and then evaluated and brought in different tables. Results of analyzing and tabulating the frequencies of the errors together with conducting a chi-square test showed no significant differences between the qualities of Google Translate from English to Persian and Persian to English. In addition, lexicosemantic and active/passive voice errors were the most and least frequent errors, respectively. Directions for future research are recognized in the paper for the improvements of the system.
Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Market-Power Adjusted RIM Model
Authors: Wang Lixia , Gan Lining
Published: February 2016

The market power of firms can take an important effect on their value through the influence of residual incomes. Based on Ohlson’s residual income model (RIM model, also called EBO model), the paper puts financial account—unearned revenue to build the new model, market-power adjusted RIM model. Then we make empirical analysis using the data from 2003 to 2011 year in China capital market. The empirical evidence proofs that unearned revenue has an obvious effect on the value of firms. The result shows that the new model has important complementary role to evaluate the firms’ value in China capital market.
Prospects of PPP in Expanding ICT Services in Rural Bangladesh: A Case of Union Digital Center
Authors: Aminur Rahman Syed Mohammad
Published: February 2016

ICTs have appeared to be one of the driving factors of modern economic growth with multilayered impacts on different aspects of the economy and society particularly in developing countries. However, due to infrastructural bottlenecks and huge initial investment requirements, although public and private sectors have been working with their respective motives, a vast majority of population in Bangladesh especially in the rural areas still do not have functional access to internet facilities and digital services. On the above backdrop, based on the survey of secondary sources of information, this paper attempts to review the prospects of public private partnership in expanding ICTs and digital services in rural Bangladesh and as to what extent it contributes to reducing digital divide and achieving broader development objectives. Drawing from the experiences of other developing countries and thoroughly taking into account the case of union information and service centers in Union Parishad level in Bangladesh, this paper makes it evident that neither pubic nor private bodies can render the poor and rural people the access to digital services in a segregated manner except without a joint endeavour or partnership for good. It is emphasized that PPP can be a viable option in expanding digital internet services to the poor and marginalized population in rural Bangladesh.
Optimizing the Performance of the Fractal Adaptive Moving Average Strategy: The Case of EUR/USD
Authors: Gurrib Ikhlaas , Elshareif Elgilani
Published: February 2016

Most technical analysis tools focus traditionally on the simple and exponential moving average technique. This study looks at the performance of an optimized fractal adaptive moving average strategy over different frequency intervals, where the Euro/US Dollar currency pair is analyzed due to the increased correlation between the Euro Index and EUR/USD, and the Dollar Index and EUR/USD over the last year compared to the last 15 years. The optimized strategy is evaluated against a buy-and-hold strategy over the 2000- 2015 period, using annualized returns, annualized risk and Sharpe performance measure. Due to the existence of different number of long and short trades in every trading scenario, this paper proposes the use of a new measure called the Sharpe/Total trades ratio which takes into account the number of trades when evaluating the different trading strategies. Findings strongly support the use of the adaptive fractal moving average model over the naïve buy-and-hold strategy where the former yielded higher annualized returns, lower annualized risk, a higher Sharpe value, although it was subject to more trades than the buy-and-hold strategy. The best market timing strategy occurred when using 131 daily fractal data with a Sharpe/Total trades ratio of 0.31%.
Interaction between Financial Development and Sustainable Development, Evidence from Developing Countries: A Panel Data Study
Authors: Houda Badri , Lamia Mazigh Jaidane
Published: February 2016

Sustainable development is a complex concept of the world’s and is an major challenge for all countries. For that reason, some authors have argued the essential role of financial development to stimulate the various pillars of this concept, respectively, the economic pillar, ecological and social. The objective of this paper is to study how the financial system in developing countries contributes to the improvement of sustainable development, focusing particularly on the environmental pillar. Estimations are conducted with a panel data of 20 development countries over the period of 1995-2011 using Econometrics static panel. Our findings show that financial system in developing countries, generally has a favorable impression on Environmental, unfavorable effect for industrial investment and economic growth, but in contrast, in insignificant effect for domestic credit provided by banking sector relative to GDP and Life expectancy at birth, total (years).
A Sociolinguistic Study of Choosing Names for Newborn Children in Jordan
Authors: Al-Qawasmi Abeer Harb , Al-Haq Fawwaz Al-Abed
Published: February 2016

This study aims at the study of newborn names in Jordan of a sociolinguistic perspective. This study tries to detect the difference in naming newborns in Jordan over the decades - from the seventies to 2015 due to the result of some factors that may have affected the Jordanian society, whether historical, religious and/or social. The data necessary to complete the study was obtained from the Civil Status Department and the Department of Statistics. The data obtained consisted of names of both sexes during the time period from the seventies until the early year of 2015, a random sample of personal names within the same family were also provided. The data was analyzed quantitatively. The study revealed that there is a clear change in the choice of newborn names-male and female-in Jordan, whether a change in sounds or in morphemes. In specific, names during the seventies were strongly linked to the culture and the values, religious or social, in which the people believed in. During the eighties and nineties, names were associated with certain social values, however, some names were shown to be affected by urbanization or modernization. And with the beginning of 2000 up to 2015, peoples directions towards naming newborns changed due to the advent of globalization, associating with development and urbanization, and moreover, the influence of different cultures on the community.
The Assertive Clause Hypothesis, Performative Sentences and the Adjacency Condition on Question Tags
Authors: Achiri-Taboh Blasius
Published: February 2016

This article is a continuation of recent work by Achiri-Taboh (2015) in which I have examined isn’t it? as a generalized invariant tag (GIT) used throughout the inflectional paradigm of question tags appended to declarative anchor clauses in different spoken varieties of English around the world. In that work, it is argued from a generative point of view that the source of the GIT is a truncated assertive matrix (TAM) clause in which the actually uttered anchor clause is embedded. In the present study, I explore this Assertive Clause Hypothesis (ACH) in two main ways. First, I look at the implication of the TAM clause for another such matrix clause, namely, the performative matrix clause of John Austin (1962) that has been explored within the framework of Generative Semantics initiated by John Ross in (1970). Then, to further show how the GIT actually connects with the TAM clause, the Adjacency Condition on Question Tags (ACQT) is established with the implication that restrictive tags, as opposed to the GIT, cannot be appended to a compound declarative with the view of questioning the holistic idea asserted in the latter.
Comparison of Four Global Sustainable Building Rating Systems Carried out With Focus on Hot and Dry Climate
Authors: Khogali Hind Abdel Moneim
Published: February 2016

Several assessment programmes has been developed worldwide on the environmental and energy effect of buildings. The aim of this study is to identify the main and sub categories of sustainable design. The researcher has investigated and compared four global building rating systems, namely leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) in USA, Emirates Green Building Rating System (ESTIDAMA) in Abu Dhabi city, Qatar Sustainability assessment System (QSAS) in the State of Qatar and Australian green Star rating system (AGBC rating system), in Australia. This paper focuses mainly on their processes, contents, similarities and differences, processes, evaluation, their development and wither these systems are applicable to all environments?

The paper outlined six main categories developed by these global rating systems being: Sustainable site, indoor environmental quality, materials, water efficiency, power supply system and innovations. Sub categories were added according to their social, cultural, economical and legislations conditions.
The paper recommended adding four main categories suitable to hot and dry climate.
Does Conservation Agriculture Enhance Household Food Security? Evidence from Smallholder Farmers in Nkhotakota in Malawi
Authors: Jumbe Charles Blessings Laurence , Nyambose Wanangwa Hawire
Published: February 2016

The paper identified factors that influence the adoption and contribution of conservation agriculture (CA) on household food security using household-level data collected in 2010 from Nkhotakota District, Central Malawi where Total Land Care (TLC) a local Non-governmental Organization (NGO) has been promoting CA. To determine factors that influence adoption of CA, a Probit regression model was used. Then, the paper compared estimated production function between adopters and non- adopters of CA. The Probit results show that age and education level of the household head, number of extension visits, and land holding size are important factors that influence farmers’ adoption of CA in the study area. Further results showed that CA adopters had more than 50% higher maize production than that of non-adopters from the Cobb-Douglas production estimates. From the findings, there should be improvement in the delivery of extension services in the promotion and dissemination of agricultural technology to foster wider adoption and improve food security status in the study areas. This can be achieved through increased number of extension workers, increase number of demonstrations when introducing CA technology and improved access to formal education. Our overall results show consistently that CA adopters are better off than non-adopters in various aspects such as maize production, per capita maize requirements and meal frequency. As such, the promoting and up-scaling of CA technologies to smallholder farmers should be intensified as an effective strategy for addressing household food insecurity than the promotion of chemical fertilizers use through programs such as the Farm Inputs Subsidy Program, which is not only unsustainable, but also inappropriate for poor resource farmers.
There is Only One Presumption of Innocence
Authors: Weigend Thomas
Published: February 2016

There is Only One Presumption of Innocence

Antony Duff proposes a comprehensive concept of the presumption of innocence, covering the period before, during and after a criminal process, both in an official (state vs. individual) and a non-official, civic sense. By that broad usage, the concept of presumption of innocence is getting blurred and risks losing its contours. I therefore suggest to keep separate matters separate. The presumption of innocence in the narrow sense that I suggest applies only where there exists a suspicion that an individual has committed a criminal offence. The important function of the presumption of innocence in that situation is to prevent an over-extension of state power against the individual under suspicion before that suspicion has been confirmed to be true beyond a reasonable doubt. A general presumption that all people abide by the law at all times is neither warranted nor necessary. It is not warranted because experience tells us that many people break some laws sometimes. And it is not necessary because a system of civil liberties is sufficient to protect us against official or social overreach based on a suspicion that we may commit crimes.
Retributivist Arguments against Presuming Innocence
Authors: van Dijk Alwin A.
Published: February 2016

Retributivist Arguments against Presuming Innocence. Answering to Duff

Factors justifying not presuming innocence are generally incorporated into the Presumption of Innocence (PoI). A confusing discourse has resulted: numerous guilt-presuming acts are deemed consistent with the PoI. I argue for an unusually broad PoI: any act that might convey to a reasonable actor that he is not presumed innocent of a punishable offence constitutes a PoI interference. Thus, academic debate need only be about the question what PoI interferences are justifiable or unjustifiable. This question must be answered using pro- and anti-PoI values. I analyse three PoI interferences in relation to Duff’s retributivist punishment theory: presumptions of guilt, vicarious liability of car owners and coercing non-suspects into proving their sobriety. Retributivists tend to castigate such procedures based on their (supposed) consequentialist rationale. I argue, however, that they might also be justified on retributivist grounds. The retributivist anti-PoI duty to punish the guilty may be the worst enemy of innocents.
Henk Leenen: peetvader van het Nederlandse gezondheidsrecht
Authors: Weyers Heleen
Published: February 2016

Henk Leenen: Godfather of Dutch Health Law

This article paints Henk Leenen as the godfather of Dutch health law. Godfather because Leenendesigned his own version of health law, a version that is characterized by an emphasis on autonomy of the patient. And godfather because Leenen was one of the founders of the Dutch Association of Health Law and for many years the editor of its periodical. He succeeded to bind almost all health law scholars to this organization and his way of seeing health law. The article illustrates Leenen’s influence by describing his reading of autonomy in health law, by outlining his informal and formal position in the health law landscape and by sketching the coming into being and the content of two important laws: the Law on medical contracts and the Law on physician assisted death (‘euthanasia’).
As ações intersetoriais na Estratégia de Saúde da Família: um estudo da representação do conceito de saúde e de suas práticas na Atenção Básica
Authors: Cavalcanti Alana Diniz , Cordeiro Joselma Cavalcanti
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: Analisar a dinâmica das ações intersetoriais presentes na Estratégia de Saúde da Família a partir de um território, na cidade do Recife. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, adotando o referencial teórico da produção social da saúde e a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta dos dados aplicado aos profissionais que compõem equipes de saúde da família e profissionais que compõem serviços de referência do território investigado, tendo a teoria de Bardin como base para realização da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Obtém-se a noção de saúde perpassando os múltiplos aspectos que envolvem a vida humana e o conceito de intersetorialidade distante das agendas dos serviços, refletindo uma prática intersetorial também deficitária. Conclusão: Possibilidades de práticas de diálogos entre os setores emergiram como caminhos possíveis dentro e fora do setor saúde como forma de superação dos problemas.
Relação do paciente com o serviço em Unidades Básicas de Saúde sob a óptica dos médicos e dos pacientes
Authors: Machado Fernando de Almeida , Venturini Ranielly Ribeiro , Manzan Ariadnne Lino Alcantara , Silva Grazielle Rodrigues
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: discutir aspectos relacionados à relação do paciente com o serviço em Unidades Básicas de Saúde sob a óptica dos médicos e dos pacientes, avaliando as suas expectativas e relacionando-as à subjetividade que permeia a prática médica. Métodos: estudo qualitativo desenvolvido por meio de entrevistas estruturadas e aplicadas a médicos e pacientes de oito Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Palmas (TO). Resultados: muitos pacientes não têm suas expectativas satisfeitas e grande parte dessa insatisfação tem por origem problemas na relação médico-paciente. De modo geral, o médico valoriza a evolução clínica e o tratamento instituído e preocupa-se com aspectos operacionais do seu trabalho, ao passo que o paciente tem expectativas ligadas a aspectos mais subjetivos, inseridos dentro de variáveis psicossociais, necessidades muitas vezes negligenciadas pelo médico. Conclusão: o trabalho aponta, diretamente, para a necessidade de estabelecer condições que favoreçam o surgimento de uma boa relação profissional-paciente, sem a qual não há recuperação plena da saúde e, indiretamente, para a importância dessa discussão em relação à formação acadêmica, deixando evidente a necessidade de se trabalhar competências e habilidades dentro desse aspecto.
Motivos de consulta mais comuns das pessoas atendidas por uma equipe de saúde da família em Fortaleza - CE
Authors: Santos Karina de Paula Bastos , Ribeiro Marco Túlio Aguiar Mourão
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: conhecer os principais motivos de consulta da população atendida em uma equipe de saúde do município de Fortaleza - CE. Métodos: estudo de caráter quantitativo, exploratório e transversal. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos registros dos atendimentos médicos efetuados durante o primeiro semestre de 2012, extraídos de banco de dados secundário, classificados com a CIAP-2, tabulados no Excel e analisados pelo Epi-Info. Resultados: houve um total de 1044 encontros, 68% para o sexo feminino e 32%, masculino. A faixa etária predominante consistiu de pessoas entre 20-39 anos. Foram encontrados 1985 motivos de consulta. Os capítulos mais comuns foram Geral e Inespecífico, Respiratório, Digestivo, Músculo-Esquelético e Circulatório. Os 30 principais motivos de consulta corresponderam a 51,49% do total. Houve grande variedade de demandas trazidas pelas pessoas e a maioria dos motivos esteve relacionada com a demanda programada. Conclusão: a CIAP-2 possibilitou uma avaliação minuciosa da demanda. Esse estudo pode servir como instrumento para auxiliar a equipe de saúde no cuidado das pessoas, por meio de capacitação, organização da clínica e ações comunitárias e individuais para enfrentamento dos problemas.
Liv i universet - er vi alene?
Authors: Pedersen Gro Birkefeldt Møller
Published: February 2016

“Liv i universet – er vi alene” er det seneste danske skud på stammen om det gådefulde emne. Spækket med forskningsresultater presset ned i en let spiselig essayform på 200 sider forsøger bogen forgæves at gabe over øjets udvikling til pladetektonik på Venus, men desværre bliver beskrivelserne til tider ligeså kryptiske og gådefulde som emnet selv.
På svaneøglejagt 81 grader nord - gensyn med et 155 mio. år gammelt fossil
Authors: Milán Jesper
Published: February 2016

På Kronprins Christian Land, i det allernordligste Grønland, blev der i 1998 fundet de forstenede rester af en ca. 155 millioner år gammel Svaneøgle. I 2008 skulle den “genfindes” og efterfølgende skulle det vurderes, om den var værd at grave ud og udstille.
Hajlort og -tænder - fundet i stort antal under moleret på Mors
Authors: Madsen Henrik
Published: February 2016

Fossile hajtænder er forholdsvis almindelige at finde i geologiske aflejringer rundt om i Verden. På nogle danske lokaliteter, som fx ved Faxe, Ølst/Hinge og Trelde Næs er fund af hajtænder ikke ualmindelige. Denne artikel fortæller bl.a. om fund af mange hajtænder i et specielt lag i Stolleklint Ler ved Sundby strand på Mors.
Mineral-guide - det nagssugtoqidiske foldebælte
Authors: Hjuler Ulla V.
Published: February 2016

Så er der en ny bog i serien mineral-guide på gaden! Det er den sjette bog i rækken om mineraler og geologi i Grønland, og denne gang gennemgås geologien ved det nagssugtoqidiske foldebælte samt de mineraler, der knytter sig til området.
Uddeling af Danmarks Geologipris - til professor Minik Thorleif Rosing
Authors: Thomsen Henrik Højmark
Published: February 2016

Danmarks Geologipris 2008 blev lørdag d. 14. marts tildelt professor Minik Thorleif Rosing fra Geologisk Museum, Københavns Universitet. Prisen på 25.000 kr. blev givet for hans enestående undersøgelser af nogle af Verdens ældste bjergarter ved Isua i Grønland, som har ført til banebrydende dokumentation af og teorier om Jordens tidlige udvikling.
På sporet.... - af Verdens første store pattedyr
Authors: Milán Jesper , Lüthje Charlotta , Hurum Jørn H.
Published: February 2016

Da de store dinosaurer uddøde ved Kridt/Tertiær-grænsen for 65 millioner år siden, fik pattedyrene pludselig frit spil til at udvikle sig og kolonisere landjorden. På den norske øgruppe Svalbard findes forstenede fodspor fra de allertidligste store pattedyr, en mærkelig gruppe kaldet pantodonter.
Ferskvandsafstrømning - fra Østgrønland i en tid med klimaforandringer
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Hasholt Bent
Published: February 2016

Danske forskningsstationer i Østgrønland bidrager med nyttig viden til bestemmelsen af klimaets effekt på ferskvandsafstrømningen fra Østgrønland inklusive Indlandsisen. En ferskvandsmængde, der samlet set forventes at stige med 50 % i fremtiden (2071–2100).
Newzealandske gletschere - nogle af Verdens mest klimafølsomme
Authors: Riger-Kusk Mette
Published: February 2016

Svingninger i udbredelsen af Verdens ismasser er en af de mest pålidelige indikatorer for ændringer i de klimatiske forhold. Men selv i et så begrænset område som New Zealand findes der store regionale forskelle på gletschernes respons på klimaforandringer. Dette ses tydeligt i dag, hvor nogle gletschere oplever en dramatisk tilbagetrækning, alt imens andre vokser.
Termen Kvartær er tilbage - undergrænsen defineret til 2,588 mio. år
Authors: Bennike Ole , Piotrowski Jan
Published: February 2016

Den 22. maj i år blev det ved en afstemning i den Internationale Kommission for Stratigrafi bestemt, at basis for Kvartær bliver 2,588 millioner år, og desuden at Kvartær har rang som system.
Højden af bjerge - indflydelse af klima i form af glacial erosion
Authors: Pedersen Vivi Kathrine , Egholm David Lundbeck , Nielsen Søren Bom
Published: February 2016

Hvad bestemmer egentlig, hvor høje bjerge kan blive? Hvorfor ligger Verdens højeste bjerg lige i Himalaya? Kunne det lige så godt ligge et helt andet sted, og kunne det være højere? Noget tyder nu på, at klimaet er den bestemmende faktor for fordelingen af høje tinder her på Jorden.
Braget i Baffin Bugt
Authors: Voss Peter , Larsen Tine B.
Published: February 2016

Grønland er formet af voldsomme geologiske processer, som har sat deres præg på landskabet gennem flere milliarder år. Nu om stunderer de tektoniske processer i området mere fredelige, og rønland ligger trygt og godt på den Nordamerikanske plade.
Er vi alene i universet? - fra Jens Lyn til Astrobiologi
Authors: Yde Jacob C. , Finster Kai , Bárcena Teresa G. , Knudsen Niels Tvis
Published: February 2016

Et af de helt store videnskabelige og eksistentielle spørgsmål er, om der er liv andre steder end på Jorden – og hvis der er, hvilke livsformer kan vi så forvente at møde, og hvor skal vi i givet fald lede efter det. I første omgang må vi rette øjnene mod vores egen planet, hvor vi stadig overraskes af især mikroorganismers tilpasning til ekstreme livsbetingelser.
Magnetisk klimaforskning - påvirker Jordens magnetfelt klimaet
Authors: Knudsen Mads Faurschou , Riisager Peter
Published: February 2016

En simpel sammenligning imellem klimadata fra drypstenshuler og en ny rekonstruktion af Jordens tidligere magnetfelt indikerer, at Jordens magnetfelt har påvirket klimaet igennem de sidste fem tusinde år.
Danmark fik en naturkanon - med tydelige geo-aftryk
Authors: Damholt Tove , Reenberg Anette
Published: February 2016

Hvad er det nu med det kanonvæsen – er det ikke et for længst overstået kapitel? Er det overhovedet en god idé? Kan det bruges til noget? Ja, kanontanken har givet anledning til debat og til mange overvejelser, men i 2008 blev det besluttet at igangsætte udarbejdelsen af en dansk naturkanon, og så var det jo op til enhver, om man ville være med eller imod.
Permafrost og klima - om at tage temperaturen på permafrosten
Authors: Christiansen Hanne H.
Published: February 2016

Hvad ved vi egentlig om permafrosten? Når man bor og arbejder året rundt hér i Arktis på Svalbard, lærer man dagligt mere om, hvordan permafrosten og klimaet spiller sammen og udvikler store dele af det flotte arktiske landskab.
Climate envelope predictions indicate an enlarged suitable wintering distribution for Great Bustards (Otis tarda dybowskii) in China for the 21st century
Authors: Mi Chunrong , Falk Huettmann , Guo Yumin
Published: February 2016

The rapidly changing climate makes humans realize that there is a critical need to incorporate climate change adaptation into conservation planning. Whether the wintering habitats of Great Bustards (Otis tarda dybowskii), a globally endangered migratory subspecies whose population is approximately 1,500–2,200 individuals in China, would be still suitable in a changing climate environment, and where this could be found, is an important protection issue. In this study, we selected the most suitable species distribution model for bustards using climate envelopes from four machine learning models, combining two modelling approaches (TreeNet and Random Forest) with two sets of variables (correlated variables removed or not). We used common evaluation methods area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and the True Skill Statistic (TSS) as well as independent test data to identify the most suitable model. As often found elsewhere, we found Random Forest with all environmental variables outperformed in all assessment methods. When we projected the best model to the latest IPCC-CMIP5 climate scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 in three Global Circulation Models (GCMs)), and averaged the project results of the three models, we found that suitable wintering habitats in the current bustard distribution would increase during the 21st century. The Northeast Plain and the south of North China were projected to become two major wintering areas for bustards. However, the models suggest that some currently suitable habitats will experience a reduction, such as Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin. Although our results suggested that suitable habitats in China would widen with climate change, greater efforts should be undertaken to assess and mitigate unstudied human disturbance, such as pollution, hunting, agricultural development, infrastructure construction, habitat fragmentation, and oil and mine exploitation. All of these are negatively and intensely linked with global change.
Unequal contribution of native South African phylogeographic lineages to the invasion of the African clawed frog,Xenopus laevis, in Europe
Authors: De Busschere Charlotte , Courant Julien , Herrel Anthony , Rebelo Rui , Rödder Dennis , Measey G. John , Backeljau Thierry
Published: February 2016

Due to both deliberate and accidental introductions, invasive African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) populations have become established worldwide. In this study, we investigate the geographic origins of invasiveX. laevispopulations in France and Portugal using the phylogeographic structure ofX. laevisin its native South African range. In total, 80 individuals from the whole area known to be invaded in France and Portugal were analysed for two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes, allowing a comparison with 185 specimens from the native range. Our results show that native phylogeographic lineages have contributed differently to invasive EuropeanX. laevispopulations. In Portugal, genetic and historical data suggest a single colonization event involving a small number of individuals from the south-western Cape region in South Africa. In contrast, French invasiveX. laevisencompass two distinct native phylogeographic lineages, i.e., one from the south-western Cape region and one from the northern regions of South Africa. The FrenchX. laevispopulation is the first example of aX. laevisinvasion involving multiple lineages. Moreover, the lack of population structure based on nuclear DNA suggests a potential role for admixture within the invasive French population.
A Simple Light Stimulation of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lee Kun He , Aschner Michael
Published: February 2016

Response via noxious stimulus can be an important indicator of sensory neuron function and overall health of an organism. If the stimulation is quick and simple, and the animal can be rescued afterwards, such a method not only allows for assays pertaining to changed sensory ability after various treatments, but also increases the reliability of the statistical relationships that are established. This protocol demonstrates a stimulation assay in Caenorhabditis elegans, using blue light from common laboratory equipment: the fluorescent microscope. The nematode detects blue light using a set of amphid ciliary sensory neurons, and blue light is detrimental to its overall health after a prolonged exposure. However, under brief exposure, blue light stimulation provides a rapid and easy method for quantifying sensory functions and health without harming the animal. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Associating Changes in the Immune System with Clinical Diseases for Interpretation in Risk Assessment
Authors: DeWitt Jamie C. , Germolec Dori R. , Luebke Robert W. , Johnson Victor J.
Published: February 2016

This overview is an update of the unit originally published in 2004. While the basic tenets of immunotoxicity have not changed in the past 10 years, several publications have explored the application of immunotoxicological data to the risk assessment process. Therefore, the goal of this unit is still to highlight relationships between xenobiotic‐induced immunosuppression and risk of clinical diseases progression. In immunotoxicology, this may require development of models to equate moderate changes in markers of immune functions to potential changes in incidence or severity of infectious diseases. For most xenobiotics, exposure levels and disease incidence data are rarely available, and safe exposure levels must be estimated based on observations from experimental models or human biomarker studies. Thus, it is important to establish a scientifically sound framework that allows accurate and quantitative interpretation of experimental or biomarker data in the risk assessment process. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Olefin Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Yet Larry
Published: February 2016

The olefin ring‐closing metathesis reaction catalyzed by ruthenium and molybdenum complexes has been employed in the syntheses of carbocycles, heterocycles, supramolecular compounds, and in tandem metathesis reactions. Chiral ruthenium and molybdenum catalysts have provided high enantiomeric and diastereomeric excesses in ring‐closing metathesis reactions. Many of the unsuccessful medium‐ and large‐sized ring formations which were unsuccessful by traditional methods, such as the intramolecular Wittig, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons, and Julia–Kocienski reactions, can now be formed by olefin ring‐closing metathesis reactions. Ring‐closing metathesis has been a key step and sometimes the only successful method for the synthesis of numerous natural products and drug discovery targets. The objective of this chapter is to provide an updated, comprehensive coverage of the literature of the olefin ring‐closing metathesis reaction and related processes. Key mechanistic points are summarized.
Scaling in natural and laboratory earthquakes
Authors: Nielsen S. , Spagnuolo E. , Smith S. A. F. , Violay M. , Di Toro G. , Bistacchi A.
Published: February 2016

Laboratory experiments reproducing seismic slip conditions show extreme frictional weakening due to the activation of lubrication processes. Due to a substantial variability in the details of the weakening transient, generalization of experimental results and comparison to seismic observations have not been possible so far. Here we show that during the weakening, shear stress τ is generally well matched by a power law of slip u in the form
(with 0.35 < α < 0.6). The resulting fracture energy Gf can be approximated by a power law in some aspects in agreement with the seismological estimates
. It appears that Gf and
are comparable in the range 0.01 < u < 0.3 m. However,
surpasses Gf at larger slips: at u≈10 m,
and Gf≈106. Possible interpretations of this misfit involve the complexity of damage and weakening mechanisms within mature fault zone structures.
EMIC waves observed at geosynchronous orbit under quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp ≤ 1)
Authors: Park J.‐S. , Kim K.‐H. , Shiokawa K. , Lee D.‐H. , Lee E. , Kwon H.‐J. , Jin H. , Jee G.
Published: February 2016

We statistically study the local time distribution of the helium band electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed at geosynchronous orbit when geomagnetic activity was low (Kp ≤ 1). In order to identify the geosynchronous EMIC waves, we use high time resolution magnetic field data acquired from GOES 10, 11, and 12 over a 2 year period from 2007 and 2008 and examine the local time distribution of EMIC wave events. Unlike previous studies, which reported high EMIC wave occurrence in the postnoon sector with a peak around 1500–1600 magnetic local time (MLT) during magnetically disturbed times (i.e., storm and/or substorm), we observed that quiet time EMIC waves mostly occur in a region from morning (∼0600 MLT) to afternoon (∼1600 MLT) with a peak around 1100–1200 MLT. To investigate whether the quiet time EMIC wave occurrence has a causal relationship with magnetospheric convection enhancement or solar wind dynamic pressure variations, we performed a superposed epoch analysis of solar wind parameters (solar wind speed, density, dynamic pressure, and interplanetary magnetic field Bz) and geomagnetic indices (AE and SYM‐H). From the superposed epoch analysis we found that solar wind dynamic pressure variation is a more important parameter than AE and SYM‐H for quiet time EMIC wave occurrence.
mTOR inhibition by rapamycin increases ceramide synthesis by promoting transforming growth factor‐β1/Smad signaling in the skin
Authors: Yamane Takumi , Muramatsu Aimi , Yoshino Sawako , Matsui Sho , Shimura Mari , Tsujii Yoshimasa , Iwatsuki Ken , Kobayashi‐Hattori Kazuo , Oishi Yuichi
Published: February 2016

Although mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mediates a wide variety of biological functions, little information is available on the effect of mTOR on the functions of skin cells. In this study, we investigated effects of mTOR inhibition by rapamycin on ceramide synthesis in the skin of rats and human keratinocytes and its regulatory mechanisms. The phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase, which indicates mTOR activation, was induced in the skin of rats fed a high‐fat diet, but this abnormality was reversed by supplementation with rapamycin. Ceramide levels and the mRNA levels of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 were suppressed in the skin of rats fed high‐fat diets, but this abnormality was reversed by supplementation with rapamycin. TGF‐β1‐induced SPT mRNA expression was blocked by SB525334, an inhibitor of TGF‐β1‐induced Smad2/3 nuclear localization, in human keratinocytes. Rapamycin‐induced SPT mRNA expression was blocked by an anti‐TGF‐β1 antibody or SB525334 in human keratinocytes. These results show that mTOR inhibition by rapamycin increases ceramide synthesis by promoting TGF‐β1/Smad signaling in the skin.