bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview on Kalamegha (Andrographis paniculata)
Authors: Sabharwal Sakshi , Singh Saurabh , Anand Nitika , Kaur Simranjeet , Mehta Mehul
Published: May 2022

Remedial plants have been used as local wellsprings of medicines since ancient times. Andrographis paniculata is a possible medicinal plant that is commonly used around the world. This plant is most often used to treat vital cool, free entrails, fever due to a couple of infectious causes, jaundice, and as a liver and cardiovascular health tonic. The plant’s concentrate and unadulterated mixtures have been evaluated for their antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-protozoan, mitigating, anti-oxidant, immunostimulant, anti-diabetic, anti-infective, anti-angiogenic properties. It has effect on insecticidal and poisonousness exercises, hepato-renal defense, sexual hormone balance, liver compound management. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to decontaminate andrographolide, a diterpene lactone compound found in the methanolic portion of the plant A. paniculata. When tested in detachment, the compound showed strong anti-plasmodial activity. To overcome any obstacles that may need future discovery prospects, this study portrays the current research on A. paniculata in terms of restorative use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, harmfulness profile, and beneficial use.
Tinospora cordifolia: A Promising Herb of Ayurveda
Authors: Chauhan Shekher , Singh Saurabh , Chauhan Puneet , Baghel Dileep S.
Published: May 2022

Ayurvedic products (naturally obtained) with medicinal value are gradually again gaining importance worldwide. Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as “GUDUCHI” is the nectar plant and has been called amrita in Sanskrit as it works in detoxifying and rejuvenating and boast immunity of the body. It is climber in nature which belongs to the family “Menispermaceae”. It is a deciduous plant with dry woods grown in tropical districts in India, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka, frequently climbing over fences or small trees. Following chemical constituents are alkaloids, diterpenoids lactones, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoid, phenolic, aliphatic compound, and polysaccharides. T. cordifolia is found effective in dyspepsia, fever, urinary disorders and shows the following biological activities such as anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, and spermicidal
Role of ENHERTU in Management of Breast Cancer
Authors: Tembo Febby A , Khurana Navneet , Sharma Neha
Published: May 2022

Being a lady is the most significant hazard factor for creating breast cancer. Men too can get it however in uncommon and rare conditions. Several risk factors can in danger the lives of breast cancer patients. Over the years the treatment of breast cancer was dependent upon chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy, and surgery which of course is still being done as a way of reducing the effects and controlling its spread to other parts of the body. As this disease is incurable several drugs have been developed over time to reduce the effects and spread of it. In this article, we are focused on a newly developed drug known as ENHERTU to be used in treating breast cancer. Few methods are used in the detection of breast cancer to determine its treatment. As a result, a total number of 234 patients were treated with the newly developed drug under the clinical trials to study the workings and effectiveness of the drug. In conclusion, the results of the drug proved to be positive to treat breast cancer before its approval by the Food and Drug Administration.
An Overview on Renowned Traditional Ancient Plant: Terminalia arjuna
Authors: Kaur Jaswinder , Baghel Dileep S. , Baghel Saurabh S.
Published: May 2022

There are many systems of medicine in the world and Ayurveda is one among them. This is one of the most ancient traditional system of medicine that are practiced in India. It deals with the health of the person and cures diseases. The main objective of this review was to explore knowledge regarding Arjuna. Now peoples are very protective towards their health, so they all wanted to use herbal plants, remedies, etc. to cure diseases and maintain their healthy lifestyle. Due to this, Ayurveda markets grows very rapidly and Ayurvedic products are in great demand. Arjuna is one of them. Botanically this plant is Terminalia arjuna (family–Combretaceae). Traditionally this plant is used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease (hridya roga). Classically this plant is known by various names i.e. Arjuna, Dhavala, Veervriksha, Partha etc. This plant is found throughout India and grows upto the height of 20 to 25m. Arjuna grows commonly in the banks of rivers, that’s why one of the synonyms is nadisarja. Major chemical constituents arjuna are hydrolysable tannins, triterpenoids acid, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, phytosterol, arjunolic acid, etc.
Role of SNEDDS as Novel Approach for Targeted Drug Delivery: A Review
Authors: Saini Jatinder S. , Almudhari Khaled A. Q. A. , Sahu Sanjeev K.
Published: May 2022

Nanotechnology has become a wide range in pharmaceutical sciences, which has an effect on various drug delivery research from the last 10 years. The developed technology is being explored for the better therapeutic performance of drugs by enhancing the solubility of water-hating drugs (hydrophobic drugs), increasing permeability, regulating drug disposition and biodistribution, and permitting the targeted delivery of drugs. Nanotechnology is broadly categorized into drug nanoparticles or nanosuspension, nanocarriers like lipids, polymeric, and inorganic nanocarriers, as these nanocarriers involve liposomes and microemulsions nanoemulsions, lipid core micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles which are used for the targeted drug delivery systems.2 Based on this technology, the drug components that have poor aqueous solubility, permeability, bioavailability, and instability in physiological medium, the nanoemulsions are selected to enhance the properties. Nanoemulsions are group of heterogeneous with two immiscible liquids as o/w or w/o with droplet size ranges between 20 to 200 nm after the method preparation, before the term nanoemulsions, these are termed as mini-emulsions, micro-emulsions, submicron emulsions, and ultrafine emulsion due to unclear emulsions based on their size of the particles present. Therefore, to overcome the confusion in identifying the actual term, the particles size is within limits or in range, and the main factor is the emulsion, which is indicating transparent, are termed as nanoemulsions and slightly different called microemulsions.
The Role of Probiotics in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Thakur Siddharth S. , Khurana Navneet , Sharma Neha , Sharma Neha
Published: May 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease that starts slowly and gradually worsens over the time and further leads to cognitive impairment and causes dementia. Since it is the most common neurodegenerative disease in older adults, no successful treatment has been reported. However, many studies in AD are associated with gut microbial alterations. Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in the proper amount. Some probiotic strains provide health benefits such as improving the intestinal environment, immunomodulatory functions, prevention of infections, anti-obesity effects, cancer-preventing effects, and extension of life span.In contrast, some probiotic strains ameliorate cognitive impairment, CNS behavior, and depressive disorder. In many studies, probiotics have shown preventive and therapeutic potential in the case of AD. This review article aims to give a complete analysis of the role of probiotics in AD symptoms.
Evaluation of Statin Prescribing Guidelines, Practices, Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacoeconomic Study of Chronic Statin Therapy
Authors: Koneru Anupama , Naaz Ayesha , Madihah  , Begum Aliya , Krishna Lanka
Published: May 2022

Hyperlipidemia is a medical health condition, defined as increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or a combination of such abnormalities. Statins are the most commonly used drugs in the present scenario in cardiovascular diseases for dyslipidemia condition. However, recent studies have shown a wide range of interventions regarding its use in patients receiving statin therapy. This study aims to evaluate various parameters that contribute in the choice of statin therapy which includes the prescribing habits of statins in accordance with the guidelines, safety, efficacy; prevalence of adverse drug reaction associated with statins and cost effectiveness analysis of statin tablets of different brands which are varying in their price. A hospital-based prospective study was conducted in Cardiology Department of Aster Prime Hospital, Hyderabad. A total of 170 cases were collected in case collection forms. Data in relation to age, gender, investigations done to obtain final diagnosis, and type of statin therapy opted based on the diagnosis made were collected. The results of the study are validated statistically using SPSS software which incorporates mean, standard deviation method, t test, and Chi-square test. Results obtained illustrate that Rosuvastatin was associated with less adverse effects and is considered to be more cost saving, safe, and efficacious when compared with Atorvastatin. It is crucial to find an effective and an equally safe treatment of statins to reduce the further risk of comorbidities associated with hyperlipidemia.
Evaluation of phytochemical profile and antioxidant status of laboratory mode Dasamoolarishtam health tonic and a marketed product
Authors: Narayanasamy A. , Mohammed M. M. Sudheer
Published: May 2022

The mankind has been using the medicinal herbs in all the aspects of their life since time immemorial. Ayurvedic formulations are as old as the Vedic age (1500 BCE–500 BCE), recently a surge in preference of Ayurvedic medicines for their health care properties. Dasamoolarishtam is an Ayurvedic preparation which contains both plant and non-plant ingredients. The aim of the current study is to prepare plant only Dasamoolarishtam through the extraction with ethanol solvent (DET). This preparation was evaluated for phytochemical constituents and antioxidant analysis and is compared with commercially available market sample/traditional formulation (MKT). The DET showed better results in all the studies such as qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites as well as in vitro antioxidant parameters such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide radical scavenging, and phosphomolybdenum assays. The results of the present study open up a new approach in the scientific preparation/modification of traditional medicines. The overall findings of the current research corroborate and validate the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of DET and MKT samples and also propose the scope for modification of Ayurvedic drug for more efficient and quick response during the treatment.
Formulation and Evaluation of Indapamide Hemihydrate Sustained Release Tablets
Authors: Garg Ayush , Mishra Amul
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study is to formulate and to evaluate the indapamide SR tablet for the treatment of hypertension. Literature survey shows that indapamide is an anti-hypertensive and diuretic drug. The drug has been released up to 6–15 h, after taken orally. These tablets are absorbed into the systemic circulation and blood level shows the considerable peak of drug. It has been formulated as sustained release form for the betterment of therapeutic index and for maintaining constant blood levels. From the study, it has been concluded that HPMC shows the best results for the extending the release of drug. Wet granulation method is used for the preparation of these tablets. The compatibility study for optimized formulation shows satisfactory results. The evaluation of tablets was done for the hardness, friability, weight variation, thickness, drug content, in vitro buoyancy study, swelling index, in vitro dissolution studies, and stability study.
A Study on the Social Determinants Affecting Nutritional Status of the Children of Guwahati City, Assam
Authors: Talukdar Diganggana , Begum Gulrukh
Published: May 2022

The present study aims to understand the nutritional status of the pre-adolescent urban Guwahati boys and girls belonging to the age group of 6–10 years in relation to some social determinants such as parental education, parental occupation, family income, food habit, family type, and consumption of fast food. A total sample of 471 boys and girls going to the elite private schools of the city were collected cross-sectionally and measured for their stature and body weight. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cutoff for body mass index was used to study the nutritional status. Result shows that the boys are more malnourished than the girls. On contrary, the girls are found to be more at risk of overweight but are also healthier than the boys. The relationship of parental education and nutritional status is found to be statistically significant at 5% level among the boys. Further, this was supported by multiple logistic regression analyses performed to understand the association between the nutritional status and the social determinants which shows significance in fathers’ education and underweight (odds ratio [OR] – 3.043) and overweight (OR – 4.612) at 5% level. Father’s occupation and nutritional status are also found to be significant with underweight (OR – 2.961) at 5% level for the same. Maternal occupation and fast-food consumption are also found to be significantly associated with the nutritional status of the children. It may, therefore, be concluded that the nutritional status of the boys and girls is dependent on a number of social factors, thus making them vulnerable to malnutrition.
A Rare Case of COVID-19-Associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy in a Young Patient
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Sohail , Sulthana Shaik Rafiya , Marupaka Sravan Kumar , Naveed Aleemuddin
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a strain of coronavirus. It can also present with neurological sequelae. It has been related to intracranial cytokine storm. Here, we present a case of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy in a young patient who presented with the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings. As the pandemic continues, we can expect that the spectrum of neurological presentations will widen. Knowledge of these neuroimaging features may assist in the detection and early management of neurological complications.
Non-HIV Related Non-Communicable Diseases in HIV Patients
Authors: Dhiman Alisha S. , Dwivedi Jayesh , Munshi Renuka P.
Published: May 2022

Authors examined the impact of additional factors on fatalities in Chronic HIV patient populations and should have remained on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the at least 1 year: Inadequate response to HAART and the existence of AIDS-defining illnesses, depression, and drug and alcohol abuse, and especially in comparison the fatalities to that of the overall demographic. The enhanced rates of mortality in HIV-infected people are primarily impact on risk variables that can be recognized just before to or during the introductory phase of antiretroviral treatment. The fatality rate in patient populations without risk variables who are on effective HAART is virtually identical to something like the non-HIV-infected inhabitants. The significance of a holistic solution for lipid accumulation, cardiovascular, and glomerular comorbidity supervisors in the lengthy effective monitoring of chronic HIV old patients cannot be exaggerated.
Antibacterial Activities of Eriocaulon quinquangulare L.
Authors: Dwibedi Deba Durllabha , Bhat Shivanand S. , Pradhan Ilarani , Kumar Sanjeet
Published: May 2022

The use of plant and plant parts for the treatment of diseases and disorders is oldest practices by human beings. Still in the modern lifestyle, the rural and the tribal community depends on local plants for their primary health care. Among the plant diversity, less documentation has observed on medicinal plants of wetland. Keeping this in view, Eriocaulon quinquangulare was selected for antibacterial activities against selected pathogenic bacteria. The plant parts were collected from Khurda to Puri districts of Odisha state. The collected plant parts were subjected for plant extraction followed by phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities. The results revealed that the experimental plant rich with diverse phytochemicals observed sound antimicrobial activities. The present work highlights the importance of wetland and unexplored floral wealth.
Herbal Feed Additives for Gonadal Maturity and Breeding Performance of Female Snow Trout (Schizothorax richardsonii) in Captive Condition
Authors: Sharma Sheetal , Bisht H. C. S. , Pandey N. N. , Vishwakarma Bipin Kumar
Published: May 2022

Addressing the issue of gonadal maturity and breeding in captive condition for a commercially important indigenous Coldwater fish, snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii, field study was conducted with dietary supplementation of the blend of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root powder, dried powder of garlic (Allium sativum), and hing (Ferula asafoetida). Experimental fish of 3 years age were reared in FRP tanks (n = 4) of 1200 L capacity with stocking density of n = 60 in each tank and fed with control (CD) and experimental (TD) diets in duplicate at the feeding rate of 3–5% of their body weight twice in a day. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were recorded for annual breeding cycle coupled with breeding indices in breeding season and regular monitoring of water quality parameters. In female stock, the GSI values ranges from 0.87 to 12.83 and 1.84 to 15.42 in control and treated groups, respectively. Two peaks of GSI values reflects the two breeding season of the species during the month of March and September. Similarly, HSI was lowest during the month of March and September in captive reared female fish and highest during the month of May to June and January to February, with similar trend in both, control treated and groups. In captive condition, 80% specimens were observed mature for spawning in treated group, while only 15% females were ready to spawn in control stock. The fecundity of the fish was observed in the range of 20210-23710 eggs/kg body weight with 80–94.2% fertilization rate. The egg size was observed in the range of 3.5–3.8 mm. The study revealed that 1.0% supplementation of blend of herbs in the diet is beneficial for gonadal maturity of females and better spawning of S. richardsonii in captive Coldwater condition.
Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Heart Disease Prediction Using Genetic Evolutionary Heart Disease Optimization from Internet-of-Things Sensors
Authors: Annamalai M. , Jesintha X. Mary
Published: May 2022

Today, heart disease is one of the most important causes of death in the world. Therefore, the prediction and early diagnosis are important in supporting treatment time in a medical field. It reduces death and incurs less medical expenses. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment, is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature of the patient have carried during the testing phase through the Internet-of-Things setup. Artificial intelligence techniques such as depth learning and machine learning can improve medical knowledge due to unlocking the clinically relevant information and increasing the complexity of data. CVD brings a heavy burden on the whole of the patient and society. Therefore, to provide effective treatment options, there is a need to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Regarding the above issues, the Genetic Evolutionary Heart Disease Optimization algorithm is proposed in this work; it uses the new communication and information technology to create universal health-care services and apply it to cardiovascular diseases and it also offers the potential to doctors in the heart and clinical practice.
Non-Communicable Diseases and Covid-19 Pandemic: A Spatial Analysis of Multiple Healthcare Burden in India
Authors: Sadanandan Sanitha , Gangadharan K.
Published: May 2022

Background: The entire world experiences triple as well as multiple burdens of diseases with the co-existence of prevailing burden of communicable diseases and evolving heavy burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) along with the outburst of COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: The study has been extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Publicly available data related to COVID-19 and NCD burden from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, COVID-19 Tracker, and Kerala Government’s Directorate of Health Services. Results: The burden of COVID-19 is larger in states with a higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases and in states that are further along in the epidemiological transition. Around 95 percent of the deceased had one or more comorbidities, and the majority of them had several comorbidities. NCDs such as Hypertension and diabetes, as well as coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer, are appeared as a common predictor of COVID-19 mortality. Conclusion: The COVID-19 action, as well as a sustained and enhanced emphasis on NCD diagnosis, intervention, and interrelated facets of healthcare system, are essential. Future policy interventions should be focus on whole sectors such as health, education, employment, poverty, and local governance to address the underlying social, economic, and environmental grounds of ill health including pandemic to mitigate the repercussions and to achieve the sustainable development goals.
Modeling the Determinants of COVID-19 Mortalities in South-East Asia
Authors: Rema V. , Sikdar K.
Published: May 2022

Modeling has been used extensively to predict coronavirus disease 2019 cases across different countries. This research provides a zone-wise macro perspective in understanding the determinants of pandemic deaths in select Asian countries. Correlations are established with variables impacting daily deaths, and panel regression analysis is carried out. Comorbid conditions, especially the cardiovascular death rates in the population and existence of diabetes condition do have a significant impact on pandemic death rates. Age is also a determinant of death rates. Countries with lesser comorbid rates in their population with increased access to hospital beds have significantly seen lower death rates. The study aids in decision making, providing a macro perspective on how specific global regions have responded with regard to pandemic deaths.
Antimalarial Activity of Eco-friendly Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. against Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Anbarasan Karunanithi , Zahir Abdul Abduz , Karthick Venkatesan , Rahuman Abdul Abdul , Rao Kokati Venkata Bhaskara
Published: May 2022

Malaria is one of the life-threatening infectious diseases caused by the Plasmodium parasites infect red blood cells of humans. The major problem associated with malaria treatment and control is the spread and development of resistance against chemical insecticides. Hence, the plant-based formulations may serve as an alternative source for the development of new drugs for the treatment of malaria. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of synthesized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using the aqueous leaves extract of Coccinia grandis against Plasmodium berghei and characterized by UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area (electron) diffraction analyzes. The UV-Vis spectra of Au NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak range of 500–600 nm. The TEM image revealed the spherical shape with a mean particle size of 2.82 ± 2.5 nm. The in vivo antimalarial activity of synthesized Au NPs showed a significant (P < 0.001) chemosuppressive effect, with parasite suppression of 88.75%, compared to aqueous extracts of C. grandis showed 69.45% against P. berghei at 100 mg/kg body weight. To sum up, further phytochemical research is required in the future to standardize C. grandis compounds with strong antiplasmodial activity and devise the best alternative nano herbal formulation to replace the synthetic drugs currently in use.
Malnutrition and Anemia: A Health Burden among Tea Garden Workers in West Tripura District, Tripura, India
Authors: Nath Suman K. , Das Asankur S. , Datta Sutapa , Wankhar Wankupar
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The tea garden workers are an underestimated group of our society and are considered to be the most nutritionally vulnerable community. This study was undertaken to study the nutritional status of the male and female tea garden workers of West Tripura district, Tripura, India. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 409 tea garden workers including both sexes (males: 197; females: 212) of age group 18–60 years were selected. A questionnaire for on-ground data collection was administered along with the assessment of dietary intake and dietary quality, anthropometric data measurements, physiological measurements, hematological and biochemical estimation. Results: Most of the workers were vegetarian, and about two-thirds of the participants consumed two meals per day. None of the subjects was in the habit of taking packed lunch in routine, and maximum respondents (males: 84.26%; female: 83.96%) were in the habit of keeping fast. Skipping meals was also common in a vast number of the participants (males: 83.24%; females: 84.90%). A maximum number of participants complained of anorexia, headache, breathlessness on exertion, lethargic feeling, pale conjunctiva, pale skin, and flat nails. A very high prevalence of anemia (males: 94.91%; females: 99.04%) was observed among the workers. The present study also revealed dietary inadequacies, particularly regarding protein, energy, calcium, and all micronutrients (iron, β-carotene, folic acid) except vitamin C. A positive significant (P < 0.05) correlation was observed between hemoglobin and various daily dietary intakes of blood-forming nutrients. Conclusion: The present study reveals the prevalence of anemia among tea garden workers, especially female workers. Nutritional insufficiency might be one of the important factors in this process. This study suggests that a comprehensive public health policy should be developed so that the tea garden workers’ health and nutritional needs can be addressed.
A Review in Prediction of Malnutrition Status Using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Dhivya S. , Sangeetha T. A.
Published: May 2022

Child nutritional deficiency comes under various facts such as malnutrition, low birth weight, infant and young child feeding, iodine, and Vitamin deficiency. In recent years, malnutrition is a widespread problem at a global level. This research produces a review of data mining techniques is used to predict the malnutrition status of young children. The root cause of child malnutrition varies across the regions in every country because of various impacts such as lifestyle, food intake, environmental changes, maternal care, and also motherhood care. Most of the research, the results predict the malnutrition status using some anthropometric parameters of preschool age from 5 to under10 age of children and clinical sign parameters are considered to predict the best accuracy. Recently, data mining uses the proposed method of clustering, classification techniques, Regression, and machine learning algorithms to predict the malnutrition status with the highest accuracy using anthropometric parameters (height, weight, and age) for stunted (low height-for-age) and wasted (low weight-for-height), underweight (low weight-for-age) and clinical sign attributes to predict the statuses of malnutrition with and without transformed attributes.
Adverse Events Following Immunization with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and its Reporting in India: A Growing Concern
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Noor Rana , Khan Shaiza
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many drug delivery systems and vaccine developments globally. Implementation of immunization programs has been done through emergency approvals and has also raised concerns regarding side effects and adverse events following immunization. The side effects are fever, injection site pain, arthralgia, redness, swelling, induration, pruritus, myalgia, induration, chills, headache, vomiting, and fatigue. The adverse events are anaphylaxis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, intracranial venous sinus thrombosis, Guillain–Barre syndrome, seizures, Steven–Johnson Syndrome, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and pericarditis associated with different vaccines. The factsheet of many vaccines does not convey sufficient details to alert the beneficiaries. These need to be updated timely and beneficiaries need to be made aware of the same. In some countries, authorized portals have captured these data on a real time basis. Similar portals need to be in place in India also so that data generated can be used for further timely recognition, reporting, and management of AEFI. The reporting of the same should be made mandatory for all and guidance should be provided regarding levels of management, home based, or hospital based.
Histopathological Study of Experimentally Crushed Skeletal Muscle’s Regeneration in Adult Albino Rats
Authors: Elsy Bijo , Khan Aijaz Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Aim: This study aims to explain all the events of skeletal muscle repair and regeneration with the help of suitable histophathlogical photomicrographs taken from crush-injured adult albino rat’s gluteus maximus muscle. Materials and Methods: The present study is part of our previous research study related to skeletal muscle repair and regeneration in crush injured gluteus maximus muscle of adult albino rats. The samples were processed for histopathological examination using routine and special histological staining procedures. The tissue samples were examined under trinocular microscope, and the fields showing interesting findings were recorded under different magnification. Results: In this study we observed all regenerative changes in myofibers and related structures after crushed injury. Conclusion: Histopathological studies with good stainings are helpful for the easy identification of minute changes that occurs in each stages of skeletal muscle regeneration.
Case-Based Learning and its Application as a Teaching Tool for Medical Graduates in Competency-Based Medical Education in Clinical Microbiology
Authors: Ganguly Avishek , Das Subham , Ghosh Anik , Sarkar Niloy
Published: May 2022

Background: Microbiology is taught using traditional methods, and its practical application is scarce among medical practitioners. As a result, “active learning” is essential to aid pupil learning. One such strategy is case-based learning (CBL), which helps to improve understanding as well as therapeutic applications of microbiology in everyday practice. Aim: CBL was first used as a teaching and learning method in clinical microbiology for medical students. Methodology: At IQ City Medical College and Hospital in Durgapur, an educational intervention study was undertaken for the 2nd phase MBBS students. A total of 82 people took part in the study, and two groups were formed. After sensitizing the faculty using CBL, the project was carried out. The first group was given a CBL, whereas the second group was given a didactic talk with crossover. A pre- and post-test was done, and student and instructor perceptions were recorded and assessed. Results: CBL was warmly received by both students and teachers. Students and teachers’ perceptions were rated on a Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. In comparison to Didactic Lecture, around 76.8% of students believe that in CBL, we interact more with teachers, followed by 65.9% who believe that CBL has helped me retain the material and its clinical application, and 62.2% who believe that CBL has stimulated self-study. Conclusion: CBL in microbiology is an effective technique for improving and changing students’ attitudes toward microbiology’s applicability in clinical practice. It also helps students gain a better understanding of microbiology.
PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC BANKING AND CONVENTIONAL BANKING IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors:   Cantonal Administration for Inspection Affairs of Tuzla Canton, Djedovic Edin , Djedovic Irfan ,   International Burch University, Alijagic Adna ,   Bachelor of International Business
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this study is to compare the performance of two areas of banking in Bosnia and Herzegovina, that is, Islamic and conventional banking. In order to measure the performance of two banking sectors, profitability, efficiency and liquidity measures are implemented. For the purpose of the study secondary data from both banking sectors is used. The time interval covered in the study spans from 2008 to 2020. Ratio analysis and independent sample t-test is applied in order to check the characteristics of two banking sectors. Currently, studies investigating comparative performance of these two banking sectors in BiH are rare, therefore theoretical contribution will be evident. Practically, it will help bank customers to understand how Islamic banking sector performs relative to the conventional banking sector. Also, bank managers of selected banks will be able to compare performance of their banks relative to the other banks in terms of the ratios used in the study. The limitation of the study is that in Bosnia and Herzegovina there is only one bank that operates according to Islamic banking principles, which will represent Islamic banking sector in this study.
THE IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE MANAGEMENT: IMPLICATIONS IN THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   University “Haxhi Zeka’’, Pec/Pejë, Republic of Kosovo, A. Dzogovic Suada , Ajdarpasic Suada ,   University “Haxhi Zeka’’, Pec/Pejë, Republic of Kosovo, Shoshi Leonora ,   University “Haxhi Zeka’’, Pec/Pejë, Republic of Kosovo
Published: May 2022

Starting from the concept where language in human communication is the primary means and key communication mechanism in achieving what is real, it is obvious that today it is a kind of phenomenon in all forms of business. This research aims to identify the role of language strategy in international business relations in order to better understand the importance of knowing the most pronounced and influential languages in trade in goods and services in all business segments. Despite recognizing the importance of English language skills and their role in international business relations, there is still room for further research on this issue. Of course, there are studies on the relationship between language and international business, but little has been elaborated on the impact of language on international business relations. In order to assess the current situation, initial dedicated sampling was conducted with the aim of collecting and generating data. The goal, however, is to clarify and confirm explanatory analyzes that reveal the process inherent in the material area of research. Qualitative and quantitative data of analogous research in the environment and beyond were used for generating, i.e. collecting and analyzing data. For simplicity and clarity of results, the theoretical sample collected from different sources was processed by IBM SPSS Statistics. All the above indicators take as a starting point the language and competencies in this area, and therefore a clear possibility has been created for the data to be presented quantitatively on a predominantly qualitative basis. Our research shows that, since language barriers have a profound impact on international business, successfully adapting to the new language(s) yields positive results. For these reasons, we advocate more multidisciplinary studies that require in-depth research at different levels in the field, with a proposal to pay more attention to field theorizing and means of analysis.
QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN RELATION TO THE DEGREE OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
Authors:   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Radzo Alibegovic Dzenana , Hadzipasic Smaila ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: May 2022

The main goal of this study was to examine the differences in the quality of life of the elderly with impaired vision in relation to the degree of visual impairment. The research included a total of 40 elder respondents, visually impaired, both genders, located and accommodated in the Public Institution “Retirement Home” in Tuzla and the retirement home “Vita Nostra” in Bihać. The analysis of the obtained results indicates that the degree of visual impairment has an impact on the quality of life of the elderly with impaired vision, people with severe visual impairment have the poorest quality of life.
DEPRESSION IN ELDERLY WITH IMPAIRED VISION
Authors:   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tulumovic Sevala , Mahmic Neira ,   Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the degree of visual impairment on the presence of depression in visually impaired persons in the elderly age placed in institutional accommodation. The study included a total of 40 elderly respondents, both genders. The variables were divided into two groups: anamnestic variables and variables of depression testing. The results were processed by descriptive statistics, and analysis of variance. The obtained results showed that the degree of visual impairment has a statistically significant effect on the presence of depression in visually impaired persons in elderly age.
In vitro study of the antibacterial effect of plasma surface treatment using Argon gas on orthodontic stainless steel brackets against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: D. Awad Ghufran , D. Awad Ihsan , K. Khalaf Mohammed , L. Alshami Muhand
Published: May 2022

Orthodontic treatment improves dental aesthetics. However, the prolonged duration of treatment and patient's oral hygiene results in more significant biofilm buildup and boosting concentrations of acidogenic bacteria, resulting in enamel demineralization. Plasma treatment technology has developed an interest in enhancing appliances' surface properties. The present study aimed to investigate cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity represented by anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm formation of Argon plasma treatment on orthodontic brackets against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus and evaluation the effect of change in plasma exposure duration on these properties in vitro. The study included three groups, group 1: untreated stainless steel brackets, group 2: brackets treated for 15 min, and group 3: brackets treated for 30 min. S.mutans and L.acidophilus were isolated from patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Microbiological tests included adhesion assay using plate counting method and biofilm formation assay using ELISA plate reader. S. mutans& L. acidophilus were cultivated in three groups, and their adherence and biofilm formation were measured and compared. The biocompatibility of treated stainless steel brackets was evaluated by MTT assay. Results showed that groups 2 & 3 had better anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm activity when compared with group 1, with a significant difference between group 1 &group 3, in which group 3 recorded the lowest biofilm formation and the highest anti- anti-A adhesion activity. MTT showed that groups 2 and 3 exhibited more than 80% cell viability after 24, 48, and 72 hours. Plasma surface treatment of metal brackets possesses antibacterial activity against S.mutans and L.acidophilus; alteration exposure time impacts the development of these properties.

Keywords. Plasma treatment, Argon gas, orthodontic brackets, biofilm, antimicrobial.
Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using GeneXpert MTB / RIF and TB-LAMP techniques from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB patients in Iraq
Authors: Jabber Benellam Yehia Kadhim , Ozkan Ozcan , Saadoon Aziz Zahid
Published: May 2022

Tuberculosis is considered one globally public health problem, particularly in unindustrialized countries. The disease has an increasing threat to public health, causing high morbidity and mortality rates. So, rapid diagnosis is critical to diminish the death and interfere with transmission. In this study, GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (TB-LAMP) assays were utilized for the rapid molecular diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and compared sensitivity and specificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria; these tests with acid-fast bacilli staining in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary clinical specimens from Iraqi patients in Baghdad capital. 141 pulmonary and extra-pulmonary samples were collected and tested for tuberculosis detection. Acid-fast bacilli, TB-LAMP and GeneXpert MTB/RIF methods were used to diagnose tuberculosis. Of 141 tuberculosis specimens, 58 were acid-fast bacilli smear-positive, while 90 samples were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and 78 by TB-LAMP assay. The results reported a high sensitivity rate of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay compared to the TB-LAMP and bacilli staining method. The sensitivity of GeneXpert was 63.83%, specificity 50%; positive and negative predictive values were 58.36% to 68.96% and 42.73% to 57.27%, respectively. TB-LAMP sensitivity was 55.32%, specificity 50%; positive and negative predictive values were 49.61% to 60.89% and 43.70% to 56.30%, respectively, while the sensitivity of bacilli staining was 41.13%, specificity 50%; positive and negative predictive values were 35.26% to 47.27% and 44.88% to 55.12%, respectively, these values are dependent on disease prevalence. We concluded that the GeneXpert MTB/RIF test is more sensitive and specific than the TB-LAMP and both techniques are more sensitive and specific than the conventional acid-fast staining method for both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary specimens. Despite culture remaining the gold standard for laboratory confirmation of TB, GeneXpert MTB/RIF and TB-LAMP should become standard practice for patients with suspected TB, and all clinicians and public health programs for TB control should have access to molecular testing for TB to shorten diagnosis time.

Keywords. Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pulmonary TB; Extrapulmonary TB; GeneXpert MTB/RIF; TB-LAMP; A.F.B
Survey the Microbial Load in the Tigris River in South of Baghdad City and Some of the Physiochemical Parameters
Authors: Khalef Al Fatlawy Yaaroub Faleh , Abdalqader Mahdii Beadaa , Kadhim Faiza
Published: May 2022

This study included an analysis of three stations (Al Dora, Al Za'franiya, and Arab Ejbur) chosen to study the Physiochemical and microorganism (Fungi and Bacteria) loud of the Tigris River in the southern section of Baghdad city. The result of this research shows that the highest temperature recorded in summer in Al Za'franiya was 37Co, while the lowest temperature recorded in winter in Al Dora was 9Co. and the value of pH recorded the highest in summer it was 7.9 in Arab Ejbur, and the lowest value was in winter 7.1 in Al Dora regions, While Total Organic Carbon (TOC) shows the highest values found in the summer was 6.7 Mg L-1in Al Za'franiya Samples, and the lowest values were 2.0 Mg L-1in Arab Ejbur during the winter. The more frequently isolated fungi were Aspergillus niger, and the lowest frequently was Chrysosporium was observed during the survey period. At the same time, Bacteriological analysis of water resources showed that Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more frequently isolated bacteria and the lowest frequently bacteria were Klebsiella ornithinolytica and Proteus mirabilis.

Keywords. Fungi, Bacteria, Temperature, TOC, pH, Tigris River.
Studying the efficiency of the multiple biofilters in the reduction of pollutants from wastewater
Authors: Falih Hassan Khalid , Aidan Al-Hussieny Ahmed , Al Deen Hassan Elaff safa , Abd Almunim Ruah
Published: May 2022

The Microorganisms: yeast Sporobolomyces yunnanensis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Kluyveromyces marxianusin growth of 184× 106 ± 15 cell\ml, and bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus in the growth of 9 – 15× 108 ± 5 cell\ml, and algae Chlorella vulgaris in the growth of 45 × 105 ± 5 cell\ ml were selected as a bio filter to reduce organic and nonorganic pollutants from wastewater by COD, TOC, TN and TP concentrations of 455, 151, 9.5 and 31 ppm in treatment period 4, 6 and 18 hr. and pH of 7-8 in 25 Co as a Batch culture system. The yeasts showed ability to reduce COD concentration by 50-64% in 18 hr. treatment period, and the bacteria showed the ability to reduce COD, TOC, TN and TP concentrations by 59-69%, 57-66%, 53-63% and 40-55% in 18 hr. treatment period. At the same time, algae showed efficiency in reducing TN and TP by 81, 82%. The selective microorganisms showed high efficiency as a biofilter to reduce pollutants concentrations from wastewater in three serial steps by a treatment period of 6 hr in each step with a high ability to reduce COD, TOC, TN , and TP concentrations by 83, 91, 100, and 100% in 18 hr. treatment period. Ultimately, this study demonstrated the high efficiency of the multiple biofilters consisting of bacteria, yeasts, and algae in reducing the concentration of pollutants in sewage wastewater.

Keyword. Multiple biofilters, Bacteria, Yeast, Algae, COD, TOC, TN.
Presentación del libro “Tópicos selectos en ciencias básicas aplicados al enfermo crítico
Authors: Vélez-Páez Jorge Luis , Montalvo-Villagómez Mario , Aguayo-Moscoso Santiago , Jara-González Fernando , Andrés Vélez Pablo , Torres-Cabezas Pedro , Torres-Carpio Daniel , Aguilar-Olano José Luis
Published: May 2022

El arte de hacer medicina es producto de un intrincado y complejo proceso de razonamiento, conjuga los conocimientos básicos, que mediante la fisiopatología buscan explicar las manifestaciones clínicas que presenta un enfermo y con ello determinar un diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico.

El avance vertiginoso en el conocimiento médico, ha revolucionado la práctica sanitaria y ha permitido un crecimiento exponencial de información, cada vez más precisa y molecular; esto, aunque indudablemente es beneficioso, ha abierto importantes brechas entre los hallazgos en ciencias básicas y su aplicación en la práctica clínica.

La pandemia actual, por COVID-19, ha sido la vitrina más clara sobre lo escrito en líneas anteriores, en dónde, fue dificultoso amalgamar los descubrimientos y publicaciones que diariamente eran mostrados sobre el impacto del virus a nivel molecular e inmunológico, con el manejo clínico asistencial.

En el libro “TÓPICOS SELECTOS EN CIENCIAS BÁSICAS APLICADOS AL ENFERMO CRÍTICO”, planteamos temáticas que a nuestro juicio permitirán anclar conceptos inmunológicos claves, al arsenal de conocimientos de los médicos clínicos, con la finalidad de lograr un manejo holístico, razonado y basado en la evidencia.

En siete capítulos, escribimos sobre temas como algunas de las distintas formas de muerte celular: la NETosis, la autofagia y la piroptosis; también, encontraran un espacio para los receptores de reconocimiento de patrón, de ellos, los de tipo TOLL y tipo NOD son explicados a profundidad; la vía JAK/STAT, se analiza con practicidad y se expone los blancos terapéuticos que de ella derivan, muchos ya en aplicación clínica. Finalmente, un tema de interés investigativo extremo, la microbiota y su rol en la enfermedad crítica y en patología humana en general, es abordado.

Palabras clave: ciencias básicas, enfermedad crítica, muerte celular, microbiota, receptores de reconocimiento de patrón.