bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A {Zn5} cluster‐based metal–organic framework: Multifunctional detection of Ag+, Cr2O72−, and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP)
Authors: Liu Han‐Fu , Tao Ye , Wu Tai‐Xue , Li Hai‐Ye , Zhang Xiu‐Qing , Huang Fu‐Ping , Bian He‐Dong
Published: September 2021

It is important to develop sensors that can be easily fabricated for the detection of harmful industrial wastes and nitroaromatic explosives to reduce the risks to human health and protect the environment. We report a new luminescent metal–organic framework (MOF), [Zn5(μ3‐OH)2(TDA)4(4,4′‐bpt)2]n (1), (4,4′‐bpt = 1H‐3,5‐bis‐(4‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole, H2TDA = thiophene‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid), which was synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized using the PXRD, IR, TG, ICP‐MS, mapping, and PL spectroscopic techniques. The {Zn5} MOF of (1) with Zn5 cluster as the node, and 4,4′‐bpt and TDA2− as linkers, exhibited excellent thermal and chemical stabilities. Furthermore, 1 can serve as a sensitive and recyclable luminescent probe for the detection of Ag+, Cr2O72−, and TNP with detection limits of 5.96, 4.34, and 1.59 μM, respectively.
Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of new spiropyrrolopyrrolizine compounds: Using Fe3O4/TiO2/Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) magnetic nanocomposites
Authors: Kordmahalleh Mohaddeseh Yahyanezhad , Moradi Ali Varasteh , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Golsefidi Maziar Ahmadi
Published: September 2021

In this research, we synthesized the Fe3O4/TiO2/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) magnetic nanocomposites using water extract of Spinacia oleracea leaves, and the high performance of synthesized catalyst was confirmed by employing of it in the multicomponent reaction of reaction of isatoic anhydride, tert‐butylisocyanide, diamines, or hydroxyamines, electron‐deficient acetylenic ester, α‐haloketones, and Et3N in water at ambient temperature for the production of new spiropyrrolopyrrolizine compounds in high yields. This catalyst could be used several times in these reactions and have main role in the yield of product. The synthesized compounds have NH and OH group in their structure and, for this reason, have good antioxidant activity. Also, employing Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria in the disk diffusion procedure confirmed the some spiropyrrolopyrrolizine derivatives antimicrobial effect. The results showed that synthesized compounds prevented the bacterial growth. This used procedure for preparation of spiropyrrolopyrrolizine derivatives have some advantages such as low reaction time, product with high yields, and simple separation of catalyst and products.
Process optimization of simultaneous enzymatic production of 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol and 1‐oleoyl‐2‐palmitoyl‐3‐linoleoylglycerol
Authors: Sun Dongzhe , Li Shilei , Shang Jiayi , You Linna , Wang Manyi , Sun Chengguo , Wang Xiangyu
Published: September 2021

1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol (OPO), a structured triacylglycerols (TAG) containing palmitic acid at sn‐2 position, is widely used as breast milk fat substitutes in infant formula. Interestingly, the main component of breast milk fat in Western countries is OPO while Chinese breast milk contains both 1‐oleoyl‐2‐palmitoyl‐3‐linoleoylglycerol (OPL) and OPO. Thus, OPL is additionally essential for Chinese infants. In the present study, we developed a process for simultaneous production of OPL and OPO. According to the fatty acid (FA) composition of Chinese breast milk, soy oil, palm kernel stearin, and palm stearin were selected as the base oils for random interesterification, and the appropriate ratio was determined as 2:3:15. Then interesterification at sn‐1,3 position was conducted, four reaction parameters were examined, where 1.6 molar ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid (OLA/LNA), 10% enzyme quantity, TAG to FA ratio of 1:8 and reaction temperature of 56°C were ultimately established as the optimal conditions to achieve the target of the present study, and the OPO and OPL contents in the final products were 23.1% and 26.2%, respectively. Finally, molecular distillation was applied to purify above achieved breast milk fat substrates. Higher oil dropping speed, oil temperature, and agitation speed were favorable conditions, and the lowest acid value that achieved in the present study was 3.46 mgKOH/g. Overall, we established an efficient preliminary process for the simultaneous production of OPO and OPL, which could provide an important reference for commercial production of breast milk fat substrates for Chinese infants.
Synthesis, Structure and Cytotoxicity of N,N and N,O‐Coordinated RuII Complexes of 3‐Aminobenzoate Schiff Bases against Triple‐negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Mukherjee Arpan , Koley Tuhin Subhra , Chakraborty Ayan , Purkait Kallol , Mukherjee Arindam
Published: September 2021

Half‐sandwich RuII complexes, [(YZ)RuII(η6‐arene)(X)]+, (YZ=chelating bidentate ligand, X=halide), with N,N and N,O coordination (1–9) show significant antiproliferative activity against the metastatic triple‐negative breast carcinoma (MDA‐MB‐231). 3‐aminobenzoic acid or its methyl ester is used in all the ligands while varying the aldehyde for N,N and N,O coordination. In the N,N coordinated complex the coordinated halide(X) is varied for enhancing stability in solution (X=Cl, I). Rapid aquation and halide exchange of the pyridine analogues, 2 and 3, in solution are a major bane towards their antiproliferative activity. Presence of free −COOH group (1 and 4) make complexes hydrophilic and reduces toxicity. The imidazolyl 3‐aminobenzoate based N,N coordinated 5 and 6 display better solution stability and efficient antiproliferative activity (IC50 ca. 2.3–2.5 μM) compared to the pyridine based 2 and 3 (IC50>100 μM) or the N,O coordinated complexes (7–9) (IC50 ca. 7–10 μM). The iodido coordinated, 6, is resistant towards aquation and halide exchange. The N,O coordinated 7–9 underwent instantaneous aquation at pH 7.4 generating monoaquated complexes stable for at least 6 h. Complexes 5 and 6, bind to 9‐ethylguanine (9‐EtG) showing propensity to interact with DNA bases. The complexes may kill via apoptosis as displayed from the study of 8. The change in coordination mode and the aldehyde affected the solution stability, antiproliferative activity and mechanistic pathways. The N,N coordinated (5 and 6) exhibit arrest in the G2/M phase while the N,O coordinated 8 showed arrest in the G0/G1 phase.
Synthesis of Thin Bi9O7.5S6 Nanosheets for Improved Photodetection in a Wide Wavelength Range
Authors: Yi Ronghua , Wang Jin , Yue Xiaoping , Liang Yan , Li Zhuoyao , Sheng Huixiang , Guan Mengdan , Zhu Yameng , Sun Qizeng , Wang Li , Huang Xiao , Lu Gang
Published: September 2021

Bismuth‐based compounds possess layered structures with a variety of stacking modes, endowing the compounds with diverse properties. As one type of bismuth oxysulfides, Bi9O7.5S6 nanocrystals has great applications in photodetection; however, the responsivity of bulky Bi9O7.5S6 is limited due to the poor charge separation. Herein, single‐crystalline Bi9O7.5S6 thin nanosheets are successfully synthesized by using a solvothermal method. The thickness of the obtained Bi9O7.5S6 nanosheets is down to 15 nm and can be easily tuned by varying the reaction period. Moreover, the Bi9O7.5S6 nanosheets show strong light absorption in the visible and near infrared range, making it a promising candidate in optoelectronics. As a demonstration, the thin Bi9O7.5S6 nanosheets are used as active layer in an optoelectronic device, which exhibits sensitive photoelectric response to light in a wide range of 400–800 nm. The responsivity of the device reaches up to 1140 μA W−1, and the performance of the device is stable after long‐period illumination. This work demonstrates a great potential of the thin Bi9O7.5S6 nanosheets in optoelectronic devices, and these nanosheets may also be extended to various optoelectronic applications.
Sustainable Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxymethylbenzimidazoles using D‐Fructose as a C2 Synthon
Authors: Raja Dineshkumar , Philips Abigail , Sundaramurthy Devikala , Chandru Senadi Gopal
Published: September 2021

D‐fructose, a biomass‐derived carbohydrate has been identified as an environmentally benign C2 synthon in the preparation of synthetically useful 2‐hydroxymethylbenzimidazole derivatives by coupling with 1,2‐phenylenediamines. Proof of concept was established by synthesizing 23 examples using BF3.OEt2 (20 mol%), TBHP (5.5 M, decane) (1.0 equiv.) in CH3CN at 90 °C for 1 h. The pivotal features of this method include metal‐free conditions, short time, good functional group tolerance, gram scale feasibility and the synthesis of benzimidazole fused 1,4‐oxazine. Control studies with conventional C2 synthons did not produce the desired product, thus suggesting a new reaction pathway from D‐fructose.
Enantioselectivity in Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols with Acetone: A DFT Study
Authors: Sakata Ken , Goto Yui , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: September 2021

The enantioselectivity in the propargylic substitution reactions of propargylic alcohols with acetone catalyzed by optically active thiolate‐bridged diruthenium complexes was examined via ωB97X‐D level DFT calculations. Some structures with intramolecular dispersion interactions between ligands were found for the ruthenium‐allenylidene complex, which is the key intermediate in the catalytic reaction, and it was determined that the structure corresponding to the X‐ray crystal structure, which had provided the transition state model for the enantioselectivity in previous studies, was not the most stable among the obtained structures. Then, a variety of transition‐state structures for the nucleophilic attack of prop‐1‐ene‐2‐ol, which is the enol isomer of acetone, on the γ‐carbon of the ruthenium‐allenylidene complex were explored. Among the transition‐state structures with lower energies, the number of structures leading to the major (R) product was found to be larger than that of structures leading to the minor (S) product, providing enantioselectivity in terms of probability distributions. The introduction of a phenyl group in the thiolate ligand was suggested to increase the selectivity. Thus, we propose the novel transition state model for the asymmetric catalytic reaction system.
microRNAs: Small molecules with a large impact on colorectal cancer
Authors: Moazzendizaji Sahand , Sevbitov Andrey , Ezzatifar Fatemeh , Jalili Hamid Reza , Aalii Morteza , Hemmatzadeh Maryam , Aslani Saeed , Gholizadeh Navashenaq Jamshid , Safari Roghaiyeh , Hosseinzadeh Ramin , Rahmany Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Hamed
Published: September 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for one of the main cancer‐related mortality and morbidity worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of CRC development have been broadly investigated and, over the last decade, it has become evident that aberrant transcription of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, noncoding RNA molecules, has a significant role in the inception and promotion of CRC. In the involved tissues of CRC, the transcription profile of miRNAs is modulated, and their expression templates are related with prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes. Here, in the current review, we attempted to discuss the latest information regarding the aberrantly expressed miRNAs in CRC and the advantages of utilizing miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC as well as potential therapeutic application. The effect of miRNAs involved in various signaling pathways, primarily p53, EGFR, Wnt, and TGF‐β pathways, was clarified.
Second‐ or third‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in first‐line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in general population: Is there a real benefit?
Authors: Canet Jim , Cony‐Makhoul Pascale , Orazio Sébastien , Cornet Edouard , Troussard Xavier , Maynadié Marc , Étienne Gabriel , Monnereau Alain
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Since 2009, multiple randomized trials have shown faster and deeper responses in CML patients treated with new‐generation TKI (NG‐TKI) compared to those treated with imatinib (IM). Are the same results observed in the general population?

Materials and Methods

Patients were identified from the three French hematological malignancies population‐based registries. All CML patients (ICD‐O‐3: 9875/3) diagnosed between 2006 and 2016 and resided in registries areas were included. The TKI generation effect on achievement of MMR in first‐line therapy was assessed through a multivariate competitive risk analysis. An alluvial plot described the pathways leading to death.

Results

In total, 507 CML patients received TKI in first‐line treatment, 22% were enrolled in a clinical trial. After adjustment, NG‐TKI patients were significantly more likely to achieve MMR during first‐line therapy than IM patients (HR: 1.88 CI95% [1.35–2.61]). At the end of follow‐up, 212 patients were still in first‐line therapy (46 of them died), 203 switched to second‐line (43 subsequently died), 26 were on TFR from first‐line (4 subsequently died), and 20 stopped their treatment (16 subsequently died).

Discussion

In this comprehensive real‐life setting, the results were consistent with clinical trials. The results are not sufficient to conclude that a NG‐TKI treatment is superior with regard to these patients, despite indications regarding differences between the TKI generation effect on survival and tolerance.
Engineering Leifsonia Alcohol Dehydrogenase for Thermostability and Catalytic Efficiency by Enhancing Subunit Interactions
Authors: Zhu Lu , Song Yang , Chang Chenchen , Ma Hongmin , Yang Lu , Deng Zixin , Deng Wei , Qu Xudong
Published: September 2021

Leifsonia alcohol dehydrogenase (LnADH) is a promising biocatalyst for the synthesis of chiral alcohols. However, limitations of wild‐type LnADH observed for practical application include low activity and poor stability. In this work, protein engineering was employed to improve its thermostability and catalytic efficiency by altering the subunit interfaces. Residues T100 and S148 were identified to be significant for thermostability and activity, and the melting temperature (ΔTm) and catalytic efficiency of the mutant T100R/S148I toward ketone substrates was improved by 18.7 °C and 1.8–5.5‐fold. Solving the crystal structures of the wild‐type enzyme and T100R/S148L revealed beneficial effects of mutations on stability and catalytic activity. The most robust mutant T100R/S148I is promising for industrial applications and can produce 200 g liter−1 day−1 chiral alcohols at 50 °C by only a 1 : 500 ratio of enzyme to substrate.
Rosai‐Dorfman disease in 6‐year‐old child: Presentation, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Giri Kalpana , Baral Ashok , Tiwari Niva , Sharma Krishna Sagar
Published: September 2021

Rosai‐Dorfman disease is referred to as sinus histiocytosis massive lymphadenopathy. We are reporting a rare case of Rosai‐Dorfman disease, a case of 6‐year‐old boy with a history of multiple painless submandibular and cervical lymphadenopathy.
Recurrent thyrotoxic periodic paralysis with normokalemia in a 36‐year‐old man: A case report
Authors: Seife Hassen Sara , Salih Ali Mohamed , Khan Adeel , Mohammed Areej Marwan , Altermanini Mohamed , Al Mohanadi Dabia Hamad S. H. , Zahid Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Among patients with thyrotoxicosis and proximal muscle weakness, some patients with TPP may present with apparent normokalemia in whom a careful administration of potassium may lead to rapid reversal of muscle weakness.
Epidermoid cyst of the buccal mucosa—An uncommon entity: Case report and literature review
Authors: Dammak Nouha , Chokri Abdellatif , Slim Afef , Bellalah Ahlem , Bouguezzi Adel , Sioud Sameh , Hentati Hajer , Selmi Jamil
Published: September 2021

Epidermoid cyst of the buccal mucosa is rare. Nevertheless, it must be included in the differential diagnosis of swelling in this area. The diagnosis is based on anatomopathological examination. The surgical enucleation is the gold standard of treatment.
Active Base Hybrid Organosilica Materials based on Pyrrolidine Builder Units for Fine Chemicals Production
Authors: Llopis Sebastián , Velty Alexandra , Díaz Urbano
Published: September 2021

The catalytic activity of “pyrrolidine type” fragments included or anchored in the mesoporous silica supports or polymeric frameworks have been fully reported for enantioselective transformation. Nevertheless, low attention was focused on their catalytic abilities to perform base‐catalyzed reaction. Accordingly, hybrid materials including pyrrolidine fragments in the mesoporous silica supports were prepared following different synthesis methods, such as micellar and fluoride sol‐gel routes in absence of structural directing agents. Their great catalytic performance was explored for various base‐catalyzed reactions to the formation of C−C bond through Knoevenagel, Claisen‐Schmidt and Henry condensations under microwave irradiation. The benefits of microwave irradiation combined with suitable catalytic properties of pyrrolidine hybrid materials with strong base sites and high accessibility to active centers, allowed carrying out successfully base‐catalyzed condensation reactions for the production of fine chemicals. Moreover, the hybrid catalyst exhibited high selectivity and good stability over different catalytic cycles contributing to environmental sustainability.
Identification and Insight into the Role of Ultrathin LDH‐Induced Dual‐Interface Sites for Selective Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation
Authors: Miao Chenglin , Zhang Fengyu , Cai Luoyu , Hui Tianli , Feng Junting , Li Dianqing
Published: September 2021

Focusing on the simultaneous enhancement of activity and selectivity in α, β‐unsaturated aldehyde hydrogenation, we designed and prepared an ultrathin CoAl‐LDH supported Pt catalyst. A series of technologies revealed the ultrathin CoAl‐LDH support possesses the characteristic of dual defects, oxygen vacancy (VO) and cobalt vacancy (VCo). Then, two kinds of vacancy related interface sites were identified, namely Pt−VO−Coδ+ and Pt−VCo−OHδ−. Compared with the bulk catalyst, the ultrathin catalyst exhibits both enhanced intrinsic activity and C=O bond selectivity under the synergistic effect of the dual interface sites. Specifically, the Pt−VO−Coδ+ interface site changes the adsorption mode of cinnamaldehyde and promotes the activation of C=O bonds, thus leading to the improved cinnamyl alcohol selectivity. The H atoms of the Pt−VCo−OHδ− interface site participate in the hydrogenation process, which facilitates the mobility of active hydrogen and therefore promotes the intrinsic activity. More importantly, the ultrathin catalyst shows good reusability.
Manganese Oxoborate‐Based Nanostructures as Novel Oxygen Evolution Catalysts in Neutral Media
Authors: Elmaci Gokhan , Icten Okan , Ozer Demet , Ozgenc Gokhan , Ertekin Zeliha , Kose Dursun Ali , Pekmez Kadir , Zumreoglu‐Karan Birgul
Published: September 2021

The development of electrocatalysts for the OER (oxygen evolution reaction) process is an ongoing challenge in producing sustainable energy systems. Herein, we report QS (quasi‐spherical), IR (irregular), and NR (nanorod) Mn2OBO3 (manganese oxoborate), modified with a carbon support, as candidate electrocatalysts for OER in a neutral medium. QS‐, IR‐ and NR‐Mn2OBO3 catalysts displayed low onset potentials of 201 mV, 205 mV, and 208 mV and Tafel slope results of 94 mV dec−1, 97 mV dec−1, and 106 mV dec−1, respectively. As a result of the long‐term stability tests, it was determined that the NR‐Mn2OBO3 sample was extremely stable compared to the QS‐ and IR‐catalysts. This work introduces a new Mn2OBO3/C composite catalyst that displays efficient OER performance at a neutral medium and provides a different perspective for catalyst development strategies.
Lap: A latency‐aware parallelism framework for content‐based publish/subscribe systems
Authors: Zhu Weidong , Qian Shiyou , Xu Jiawei , Xue Guangtao , Cao Jian , Zhu Yanmin , Li Wenjuan
Published: September 2021

When large‐scale content‐based publish/subscribe systems face dynamic workloads, it is challenging to stabilize event delivery latency. In this article, we propose a latency‐aware parallelism framework (Lap) to address this challenge. Specifically, we propose a lightweight parallelism method called PhSIH for event matching algorithms. In addition, we design a reactive parallelism degree adjustment (RPDA) mechanism in the backpressure way to determine the parallelism degree. We implement Lap in Apache Kafka and evaluate the parallelism effect of PhSIH and the adaptability of RPDA on trace data. The experiment results demonstrate that PhSIH achieves linear speedup on three existing algorithms and RPDA possesses a desirable adaptability to the dynamic workloads.
A systematic literature review on employee relations with CSR: State of art and future research agenda
Authors: Onkila Tiina , Sarna Bhavesh
Published: September 2021

Within recent years, the literature on employee–CSR relations has grown significantly. However, the research is fragmented throughout various journals and disciplines, and we still lack a comprehensive literature review on the topic to show what we currently know about the employee relationship with CSR, and what we do not know. In this study, we conduct a systematic literature review on employee relations with CSR, based 331 journal articles. We analyze their methodological and theoretical approaches. Based on their key findings, we build a categorization of dominant research findings and their connections. Building on our review, we show how the research has been dominated by a focus on the organizational implementation of CSR and organizational benefits. Employees have been mainly perceived as implementers of top‐down sustainability policies and as mediators towards organizational CSR‐related benefits. We also discuss the need for future research on the more active role of employees in CSR relations, especially bottom‐up change processes and understanding the role of tensions and complexities.
Social status modulates the behavioral and physiological consequences of a chemical pollutant in animal groups
Authors: McCallum Erin S. , Dey Cody J. , Cerveny Daniel , Bose Aneesh P. H. , Brodin Tomas
Published: September 2021

The social environment (i.e., the suite of social interactions that occur among individuals that can result in variation in social ranks) is a commonly overlooked aspect of biology when scientists evaluate the effects of chemical contaminants. The social environment, however, represents the arena in which individual‐level performance shapes group‐ or population‐level outcomes and may therefore mediate many of the ultimate consequences of chemicals for wildlife. Here, we evaluated the role that the social environment plays in determining the consequences of pollutant exposure. We exposed groups of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) to an emerging pharmaceutical pollutant that is commonly detected in freshwaters (the benzodiazepine, oxazepam) and allowed them to form dominance hierarchies. Exposure affected dominant and subordinate fish differently, causing fish to become less aggressive at high doses and subordinate fish to become more competitively successful at low doses. These perturbations had further consequences for growth, fin damage, and survival. Exposure also modulated physiological stress in the hierarchy, and social status itself affected how much oxazepam was absorbed in tissues, potentially creating a dynamic feedback loop that further influences the asymmetric effects of exposure on differing social statuses. Many effects followed a “U‐shaped” dose‐response curve, highlighting the importance of nonlinear, low‐dose effects. Altogether, we show that social structure in animal groups can interact with and modulate the effects of an environmental contaminant. We underscore the need to account for an organism’s natural ecological context, including their social environment, in future experiments and environmental risk assessments to predict the effects of chemical contaminants on wildlife.
Leopard (Panthera pardus) occupancy in the Chure range of Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Babu Ram , Lamichhane Saneer , Regmi Rajan , Dhungana Milan , Thapa Shyam Kumar , Prasai Anil , Gurung Aashish , Bhattarai Santosh , Paudel Rajan Prasad , Subedi Naresh
Published: September 2021

Conservation of large carnivores such as leopards requires large and interconnected habitats. Despite the wide geographic range of the leopard globally, only 17% of their habitat is within protected areas. Leopards are widely distributed in Nepal, but their population status and occupancy are poorly understood. We carried out the sign‐based leopard occupancy survey across the entire Chure range (~19,000 km2) to understand the habitat occupancy along with the covariates affecting their occupancy. Leopard signs were obtained from in 70 out of 223 grids surveyed, with a naïve leopard occupancy of 0.31. The model‐averaged leopard occupancy was estimated to be 0.5732 (SE 0.0082) with a replication‐level detection probability of 0.2554 (SE 0.1142). The top model shows the additive effect of wild boar, ruggedness, presence of livestock, and human population density positively affecting the leopard occupancy. The detection probability of leopard was higher outside the protected areas, less in the high NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) areas, and higher in the areas with livestock presence. The presence of wild boar was strong predictor of leopard occupancy followed by the presence of livestock, ruggedness, and human population density. Leopard occupancy was higher in west Chure (0.70 ± SE 0.047) having five protected areas compared with east Chure (0.46 ± SE 0.043) with no protected areas. Protected areas and prey species had positive influence on leopard occupancy in west Chure range. Similarly in the east Chure, the leopard occupancy increased with prey, NDVI, and terrain ruggedness. Enhanced law enforcement and mass awareness activities are necessary to reduce poaching/killing of wild ungulates and leopards in the Chure range to increase leopard occupancy. In addition, maintaining the sufficient natural prey base can contribute to minimize the livestock depredation and hence decrease the human–leopard conflict in the Chure range.
Migration stopover ecology of Cinnamon Teal in western North America
Authors: Mackell Desmond A. , Casazza Michael L. , Overton Cory T. , Donnelly J. Patrick , Olson David , McDuie Fiona , Ackerman Joshua T. , Eadie John M.
Published: September 2021

Identifying migration routes and fall stopover sites of Cinnamon Teal (Spatula cyanoptera septentrionalium) can provide a spatial guide to management and conservation efforts, and address vulnerabilities in wetland networks that support migratory waterbirds. Using high spatiotemporal resolution GPS‐GSM transmitters, we analyzed 61 fall migration tracks across western North America during our three‐year study (2017–2019). We marked Cinnamon Teal primarily during spring/summer in important breeding and molting regions across seven states (California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, and Nevada). We assessed fall migration routes and timing, detected 186 fall stopover sites, and identified specific North American ecoregions where sites were located. We classified underlying land cover for each stopover site and measured habitat selection for 12 land cover types within each ecoregion. Cinnamon Teal selected a variety of flooded habitats including natural, riparian, tidal, and managed wetlands; wet agriculture (including irrigation ditches, flooded fields, and stock ponds); wastewater sites; and golf and urban ponds. Wet agriculture was the most used habitat type (29.8% of stopover locations), and over 72% of stopover locations were on private land. Relatively scarce habitats such as wastewater ponds, tidal marsh, and golf and urban ponds were highly selected in specific ecoregions. In contrast, dry non‐habitat across all ecoregions, and dry agriculture in the Cold Deserts and Mediterranean California ecoregions, was consistently avoided. Resources used by Cinnamon Teal often reflected wetland availability across the west and emphasize their adaptability to dynamic resource conditions in arid landscapes. Our results provide much needed information on spatial and temporal resource use by Cinnamon Teal during migration and indicate important wetland habitats for migrating waterfowl in the western United States.
Drought occurrence and time‐dominated variations in water use efficiency in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Zhang Yangjian , Zhang Tao , Xu Mingjie , Zhu Juntao , He Yongtao , Yu Guirui
Published: September 2021

Under global climate change, more frequent and widespread droughts have dramatic impacts on the water and carbon cycles. Water use efficiency (WUE) is a commonly used indicator reflecting the trade‐off relationship between carbon sequestration and water consumption. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the variations in WUE and the effects of drought on WUE in sensitive alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. Based on 6‐year (2013–2018) continuous carbon and water flux data observed by the eddy covariance system, WUE was calculated by gross ecosystem productivity (GEP)/evapotranspiration (ET). WUE followed a unimodal variation with time during growing seasons in the years without droughts. However, drought disrupted this pattern by its effects on the coupled relationship between carbon and water fluxes. Specifically, droughts showed divergent effects on WUE variations in different periods of the growing seasons. In the early‐growing seasons, droughts induced an increase in WUE. During this period, WUE was mainly regulated by temperature and leaf area index (LAI), and the GEP was low due to the smaller LAI. Therefore, the drought‐induced reduction in GEP was less than that in ET; thus, WUE increased. In the mid‐growing seasons, droughts depressed WUE. WUE was dominated by water conditions and the LAI during this period. When drought occurred, GEP decreased faster than ET, and hence, WUE decreased. In the late‐growing season, WUE was mainly driven by temperature and the LAI, but short‐term drought slightly enhanced WUE. These results are helpful in understanding the responses of fragile alpine ecosystems to future climate change.
N‐Aroylsulfonamide‐Photofragmentation (ASAP)‐A Versatile Route to Biaryls
Authors: Wessig Pablo , Krebs Saskia
Published: September 2021

The photochemical fragmentation of N‐aroylsulfonamides 9 (ASAP) is a powerful method for the preparation of various biaryls. Compounds 9 are easily accessible in two steps from amines by treatment with arenesulfonyl chlorides and aroyl chlorides. Many of these compounds were prepared for the first time. The irradiation takes place in a previously developed continuous‐flow reactor using inexpensive UVB or UVC fluorescent lamps. Isocyanates and sulphur dioxide are formed as the only by‐products. The ASAP tolerates a variety of functional groups and is even suited for the preparation of phenylnaphthalenes and terphenyls. The ASAP mechanism was elucidated by interaction of photophysical and quantum chemical (DFT) methods and revealed a spirocyclic biradical as key intermediate.
Large‐scale turbulent mixing at a mesoscale confluence assessed through drone imagery and eddy‐resolved modelling
Authors: Duguay Jason , Biron Pascale , Buffin‐Bélanger Thomas
Published: September 2021

Confluences are sites of intense turbulent mixing in fluvial systems. The large‐scale turbulent structures largely responsible for this mixing have been proposed to fall into three main classes: vertically orientated (Kelvin–Helmholtz) vortices, secondary flow helical cells and smaller, strongly coherent streamwise‐orientated vortices. Little is known concerning the prevalence and causal mechanisms of each class, their interactions with one another and their respective contributions to mixing. Historically, mixing processes have largely been interpreted through statistical moments derived from sparse pointwise flow field and passive scalar transport measurements, causing the contribution of the instantaneous flow field to be largely overlooked. To overcome the limited spatiotemporal resolution of traditional methods, herein we analyse aerial video of large‐scale turbulent structures made visible by turbidity gradients present along the mixing interface of a mesoscale confluence and complement our findings with eddy‐resolved numerical modelling. The fast, shallow main channel (Mitis) separates over the crest of the scour hole's avalanche face prior to colliding with the slow, deep tributary (Neigette), resulting in a streamwise‐orientated separation cell in the lee of the avalanche face. Nascent large‐scale Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities form along the collision zone and expand as the high‐momentum, separated near‐surface flow of the Mitis pushes into them. Simultaneously, the strong downwelling of the Mitis is accompanied by strong upwelling of the Neigette. The upwelling Neigette results in ∼50% of the Neigette's discharge crossing the mixing interface over the short collision zone. Helical cells were not observed at the confluence. However, the downwelling Mitis, upwelling Neigette and separation cell interact to generate considerable streamwise vorticity on the Mitis side of the mixing interface. This streamwise vorticity is strongly coupled to the large‐scale Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, which greatly enhances mixing. Comparably complex interactions between large‐scale Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities and coherent streamwise vortices are expected at other typical asymmetric confluences exhibiting a pronounced scour hole.
Focused Microbiome Shifts in Reconstructed Wetlands Correlated with Elevated Copper Concentrations Originating from Micronized Copper Azole–Treated Wood
Authors: Reichman Jay R. , Johnson Mark G. , Rygiewicz Paul T. , Smith Bonnie M. , Bollman Michael A. , Storm Marjorie J. , King George A. , Andersen Christian P.
Published: September 2021

Micronized copper (Cu) azole (MCA) wood preservative formulations include Cu in nano form, and relatively little is known about longer term effects of Cu leached from MCA into wetland ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that changes in soil microbiomes within reconstructed freshwater wetlands will be associated with exposure to elevated Cu concentrations originating from immersed MCA-treated wood stakes. Eight replicate communities were assembled with Willamette Valley (OR, USA) flood plain soil and clonally propagated wetland plants within mesocosms. Inundated communities were equilibrated for 5 months before installation of MCA or control southern yellow pine stakes (n = 4 communities/experimental group). Soil samples were collected for 16S and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing to quantify responses in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, respectively, at 15 time points, spanning two simulated seasonal dry downs, for up to 678 days. Physiochemical properties of water and soil were monitored at 20 and 12 time points respectively, over the same period. For both taxonomic groups of organisms, phylogenetic diversity increased and was positively correlated with elapsed days. Furthermore, there was significant divergence among eukaryotes during the second year based on experimental group. Although the composition of taxa underwent succession over time, there was significantly reduced relative abundance of sequence variants from Gomphonema diatoms and Scutellinia fungi in communities where MCA wood stakes were present compared with the controls. These focused microbiome shifts were positively correlated with surface water Cu and soil Cu concentrations, which were significantly elevated in treated communities. The reconstructed communities were effective systems for assessing potential impacts to wetland microbiomes after exposure to released copper. The results further inform postcommercialization risk assessments on MCA-treated wood. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3351–3368. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sheep in wolves' clothing: Using false signals of demand to execute a market power manipulation
Authors: Pirrong Craig
Published: September 2021

Existing formal models of market power manipulation (“corners”) focus on the “delivery end game,” but largely ignore the path to that game. Expectations about the end game matter. The delivery supply curve determines a large long's market power in the end game, and the delivery supply curve depends on what market participants expect the long will do with deliveries. If there is uncertainty about whether a long stands for delivery because he has a high demand for the commodity, and will consume it, or is manipulating, a manipulator can mimic a high value type (“strong stopper”) and exercise market power. Crucially, in the presence of this uncertainty, a long can exercise market power even if his position is smaller than deliverable supplies. This result calls into question legal precedent which typically requires a long to have a position larger than deliverable supply to find him guilty of manipulation.
Facies and bed type characteristics of channel‐lobe transition deposits from the Oligocene‐Miocene Tajau Sandstone Member, Kudat Formation, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Mansor Hafzan Eva , Amir Hassan Meor Hakif
Published: September 2021

Channel‐lobe transition zones (CLTZs) are identified in many modern deep‐water systems, but few exhumed examples have been identified. Exposures of the Oligocene‐Miocene Tajau Sandstone Member (TSM), Kudat Formation, northern Sabah, Malaysia, provides the opportunity to document a CLTZ from an active basin margin. This work provides the first detailed field‐based sedimentological logging to produce a quantitative database on facies, sedimentary structures, bed type, and statistical analysis. This is particularly important to produce a robust stratigraphic framework of the TSM. Sedimentary facies support interpretation of subaqueous sediment density flows, and key features, including scour‐fills, antidunes, and dune‐scale bedforms, suggest changes in gradient and/or flow confinement and the development of hydraulic jumps. Eight bed types are recognized including: (a) tripartite beds with a debrite (BT1), interpreted as hybrid event beds recording downslope flow transformation between turbulent and laminar states; (b) beds with a mixture of depositional, erosional, and bypass features (BT2, BT4, BT5), interpreted as recording the transitions between supercritical and subcritical flow conditions triggered by hydraulic jumps; (c) bipartite beds with a basal massive sandstone overlain by fine‐grained facies (BT3), interpreted as hyperconcentrated flow deposits with evidence of downcurrent flow transformation; (d) bipartite beds with a basal high‐density turbidite sharply overlain by a low‐density turbidite (BT6), interpreted as turbidites with evidence of sediment bypass; (e) basal tractive structures capped by fine‐grained facies as the product of reworking of very coarse‐ to coarse‐grained sediments caused by lateral spreading of turbulent flows; and (f) Bouma Tbcde sequences (BT8) interpreted as high‐to‐low‐density turbidites. Our depositional model for the TSM comprises: (a) an aggradational channel‐lobe transition zone (CLTZs/BTA 1 and BTA 2) which was dominated by hydraulic jumps and sediment bypass; and (b) stacked lobe (i.e., lobe‐axis/BTA 3a, lobe‐off axis/BTA 3b, frontal lobe fringe/BTA 3c, and distal lobe fringe/BTA 3d) located in the northern and southern parts of the study area, which is dominated by tabular, sheet‐like elements bioturbated with the Nereites ichnofacies. The aggradational stacking of CLTZs deposits observed in the TSM may be explained by high subsidence rates combined with high sediment supply rates associated with a tectonically active margin setting.
Sensory root demyelination: Transforming touch into pain
Authors: Ding You‐Quan , Qi Jian‐Guo
Published: September 2021

The normal feeling of touch is vital for nearly every aspect of our daily life. However, touching is not always felt as touch, but also abnormally as pain under numerous diseased conditions. For either mechanistic understanding of the faithful feeling of touch or clinical management of chronic pain, there is an essential need to thoroughly dissect the neuropathological changes that lead to painful touch or tactile allodynia and their corresponding cellular and molecular underpinnings. In recent years, we have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the neural circuits for painful touch, with an increasing emphasis on the upstream roles of non‐neuronal cells. As a highly specialized form of axon ensheathment by glial cells in jawed vertebrates, myelin sheaths not only mediate their outstanding neural functions via saltatory impulse propagation of temporal and spatial precision, but also support long‐term neuronal/axonal integrity via metabolic and neurotrophic coupling. Therefore, myelinopathies have been implicated in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases, which are traditionally recognized as a result of the dysfunctions of neural circuits. However, whether myelinopathies can transform touch into pain remains a long‐standing question. By summarizing and reframing the fragmentary but accumulating evidence so far, the present review indicates that sensory root demyelination represents a hitherto underappreciated neuropathological change for most neuropathic conditions of painful touch and offers an insightful window into faithful tactile sensation as well as a potential therapeutic target for intractable painful touch.
Effects of temperature oscillation on unsteady MHD hybrid nanofluid motion over a semi‐infinite moving vertical sheet
Authors: Rajesh Vemula , Srilatha Mandava , Sheremet Mikhail A.
Published: September 2021

This paper explores the impacts of temperature oscillation and Lorentz force on the two‐dimensional transient hybrid nanofluid boundary layer motion over a semi‐infinite moved vertical sheet with energy transfer. The fluid considered here is viscous and incompressible, and partial differential equations model the problem with appropriate boundary conditions. The implicit finite difference numerical technique is employed to define unconditionally stable computational solutions to this challenge. Variations of thermal and hydrodynamic structures and the corresponding engineering quantities are explored in terms of magnetic parameter, Grashof number, phase angle, and nanoparticles concentration via graphs. It has been found that with an increment of nanoparticle volume fraction φ2, the friction parameter decreases and the strength of energy transport increases. Furthermore, a reduction of friction coefficient Cf and local Nusselt number Nu can be found by increasing the magnetic field parameter M or phase angle ωt. The findings can be applied to a variety of engineering devices, such as thermal exchangers, solar collectors, and bioreactors.
Metabolomics approach to study in vivo toxicity of graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Ghiasvand Mohammadkhani Leila , Khoshkam Maryam , Kompany‐Zareh Mohsen , Amiri Mahdi , Ramazani Ali
Published: September 2021

Although graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets are widely used in different fields, the mechanism of their toxicity remains relatively unknown. NMR‐based metabolomics was used to study in vivo time and dose‐dependent toxicity of GO nanosheets in mice. Sixty serum samples from mice in four different time intervals including 24 and 72 h and 7 and 21 days after injection of 0‐, 1‐, and 10‐mg/kg b.w. were analyzed based on 1HNMR spectra of each sample and multivariate methods. In comparison with the control group, 12 changed metabolites were identified in GO nanosheet‐treated mice groups. These metabolites are involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and steroid biosynthesis pathways. It was seen that the time factor is more important than the dose factor and the groups were separated in a time direction, completely. We found that GO nanosheets has toxicity and can affect steroidal hormones. However, this study shows that after 21 days, the treated groups regardless of their GO nanosheet dose are very close to the control group. This means that in one step exposure to GO nanosheets, their toxicity diminished after 21 days.
Voriconazole‐Associated Periostitis: New Insights into Pathophysiology and Management
Authors: Bennett Michael J , Balcerek Matthew I , Lewis Edward AD , Zhang Roland LL , Bachmeier Caroline , Tey Siok , Faux Steven , Girgis Laila , Greenfield Jerry R , Lazarus Syndia
Published: September 2021

Voriconazole‐associated periostitis (VAP) is an underrecognized and unpredictable side effect of long‐term voriconazole therapy. We report two cases of VAP occurring in the post‐transplant setting: a 68‐year‐old lung transplant recipient who required ongoing voriconazole therapy, in whom urinary alkalinization was used to promote fluoride excretion and minimize voriconazole‐related skeletal toxicity, and a 68‐year‐old stem‐cell transplant recipient with a high voriconazole dose requirement, identified on pharmacogenomic testing to be a CYP2C19 ultrarapid metabolizer, the dominant enzyme in voriconazole metabolism. This is the first reported case of pharmacogenomic profiling in VAP and may explain the variability in individual susceptibility to this uncommon adverse effect. Our findings provide new insights into both the management and underlying pathophysiology of VAP. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Remineralization effects of self‐assembling peptide P11‐4 associated with three materials on early enamel carious lesions: An in vitro study
Authors: Memarpour Mahtab , Razmjouei Faranak , Rafiee Azade , Vossoughi Mehrdad
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the remineralization of enamel caries lesions using the self‐assembling peptide P11‐4 associated with different materials. Artificial early enamel lesions were prepared on 154 primary teeth. The samples were randomly divided into eight groups: (1) control, (2) P11‐4, (3) fluoridate toothpaste (FT), (4) P11‐4 + FT, (5) casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP), (6) P11‐4 + CPP–ACP, (7) fluoridate bioactive glass toothpaste (BT), and (8) P11‐4 + BT. The surface enamel microhardness (EMH) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the teeth were then measured at the baseline, after demineralization, and after 28 days of remineralization. The enamel surfaces were assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The data were analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < .05). EMH after demineralization was significantly lower than the baseline value (p < .001). The interventions led to an enhanced percentage of EMH recovery (%REMH), which was higher in Groups 6 and 7. There was no significant difference between Groups 3 and 4. Groups 1 and 2 had the lowest %REMH. The mean calcium/phosphate weight percentage ratio of P11‐4 was significantly lower than the others (p < .001). The FESEM and AFM images revealed mineral deposition on the eroded enamel and reductions in surface roughness in Groups 5 and 7.