bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of synthesised polymers for the development of new osmotic tensiometers
Authors: Liu Hengshuo , Rahardjo Harianto , Satyanaga Alfrendo , Du Hejun
Published: November 2021

Compared with conventional water-filled tensiometers, polymer-filled osmotic tensiometers (OTs) can measure a higher matric suction by increasing the osmotic pressure of the water inside the tensiometer. The measuring range of an OT is equal to the osmotic pressure of water inside the OT. All previous research has used commercial polymers in developing OTs and the mechanism of long-term pressure decay of OTs was not found. In this study, polymers including polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium polyacrylate (NaPA) with different degrees of cross-linking were synthesised by ultraviolet polymerisation to develop new OTs. Long-term pressure variations of OTs indicated that the pressure decay was more likely due to the stress relaxation of polymer materials instead of polymer leakage. PAM-filled OTs have a faster stress relaxation behaviour than NaPA-filled OTs, so that they can keep constant pressure (i.e. constant measuring range) for a long time and there is no need for pressure correction based on the pressure decay rate. However, the measuring range of PAM-filled OTs is lower than that of NaPA-filled OTs. The result of matric suction measurements demonstrated that the proposed OTs can be used to measure matric suction both in low and high ranges with fast response and high accuracy.
Illness, Aesthetics, and Body Politics: Forging the Third Republic in Émile Zola's 'La Faute de l'abbé Mouret'
Authors: Wong Kit Yee
Published: November 2021

This article examines the political role of illness in Émile Zola's La Faute de l’abbé Mouret (The Sin of Father Mouret, 1875) in articulating the difference between a religious and a secular body. Published in the early French Third Republic (1870–1940), this novel shows the Zolian body as the nexus upon which religious and republican discourses compete. Using Paul Ricœur’s theory on Christianity’s original sin, this article compares Mouret’s sickness with physical evil and illustrates how Zola redeploys the traditional religious symbols of the heart, the blood, and the Word to the secular realm. It will show that original sin is a Christian myth inscribed on the body, and that Zola’s reformulation of a core religious doctrine dismantles its supporting framework for the fledgling secular Third Republic. Through an exploration of Zola’s attempt to forge a republican self, this article offers a new perspective on the nature of the Zolian body which merits further study under the field of Medical Humanities. Through the construction of the religious body, the essay also contributes to the wider critical discussion on mythology in Zola’s work.
The Structural Relationships between Fandom Activities, Social Support and Meaning in Life: The Case of ‘Tomorrow is Mr. Trot’ Fandom among Korean New Middle-aged Women
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Sung Eun-Hye , Lee Han-Ah-Reum , Bae So-Young
Published: November 2021

The Korean government segmented adults aged 50 to 69 as ‘new middle-aged’ in 2017. This segment used to be considered as ‘the elderly’. However, the ‘new middle-aged’ have shown their active social participation based on their high economic power and education level. One of the remarkable phenomena among the new-middle aged women was their fandom activities toward the singers of the popular Korean trot contest program titled ‘Tomorrow is Mr. Trot’. Based on their sense of belonging and connectedness, they often obtain vitality in life from the fandom community. In this context, this study examined the structural relationships between fandom activities, social support, and meaning in life among new middle-aged women. A total of 312 samples were collected from the new middle-aged women who are active members of the online fan communities of the seven singers from ‘Tomorrow is Mr. Trot’. Findings showed that the fandom activities were divided into individual fandom activities and social fandom activities, and both individual and social fandom activities were founded to be the significant predictors that influenced social support. Social support showed significant positive effect on both dimensions of the meaning in life: presence of meaning and search for meaning. This study has theoretical implications in that it newly divided fandom activities into individual and social fandom activities, and expanded the target of fandom research from teenagers to new middle ages. It also offers practical implications for the entertainment industry and governments to enhance the understanding of the fandom activities as leisure among new middle-aged women.
SYNTHESIS L-LACTIC ACID FROM FERMENTATION OF CASSAVA PULP BY USING TEMPEH INOCULUM
Authors: Nissa Rossy Choerun , Sumiarsa Dadan , Kosasih Wawan , Firdiana Bonita , Abdullah Akbar Hanif Dawam
Published: November 2021

SYNTHESIS L-LACTIC ACID FROM FERMENTATION OF CASSAVA PULP BY USING TEMPEH INOCULUM. This study used cassava waste pulp as a fermentation substrate to produce lactic acid using a tempeh inoculum. Tempeh inoculum is a mixed culture of Rhizopus with Rhizopus oligosporus as the primary fungus. Lactic acid is an organic acid most widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and chemical industries. One of the important uses of lactic acid is as a raw material for producing Polylactic Acid (PLA) biopolymers, namely polymers that can decompose naturally in a relatively fast time. The analysis was performed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method and the Box Behnken Design (BBD) experimental design with substrate concentration parameters, inoculum concentration, and incubation time on lactic acid. The fermentation process is carried out using a flask shaker at a temperature of 30 ºC, pH 6.0, and a rotational speed of 150 rpm. The optimum yield for lactic acid is 6.65 g/L. It was acquired at substrate 20 g/L, inoculum concentration 0.30 % (w/v) at an incubation time of 72 hours.
Construction of a novel ferroptosis-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Huang Xianbo , Zhou De , Ye Xiujin , Jin Jie
Published: November 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that strongly correlates with poor clinical outcomes. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death which plays an important role in various human cancers. Nevertheless, the prognostic significance and functions of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in AML have not received sufficient attention. The aim of this article was to evaluate the association between FRGs levels and AML prognosis using publicly available RNA-sequencing datasets. The univariate Cox regression analysis identified 20 FRGs that correlate with patient overall survival. The LASSO Cox regression model was used to construct a prognostic 12-gene risk model using a TCGA cohort, and internal and external validation proved the signature efficient. The 12-FRGs signature was then used to assign patients into high- and low-risk groups, with the former exhibiting markedly reduced overall survival, compared to the low-risk group. ROC curve analysis verified the predictive ability of the risk model. Functional analysis showed that immune status and drug sensitivity differed between the 2 risk groups. In summary, FRGs is a promising candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for AML.
Unresolved Issues of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement – Is a Compromise Possible in Glasgow
Authors:   Russian Hydrometeorological Society, Gershinkova Dinara
Published: November 2021

Article 6 of the Paris Climate Agreement, adopted in 2015, defines three mechanisms that stimulate reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. These are the trading of the results of emission reductions, the implementation of climate projects, and so-called non-market approaches. However, the rules for the application of Article 6 have not been agreed so far. Among the remaining contradictions in the positions of the participating countries are different understandings of approaches to prevent double counting of the results of project activities, mandatory deductions for adaptation purposes, and the transfer of unused carbon units under the Kyoto Protocol. At the same time, some countries have already initiated pilot projects under Article 6 with the intention that, in the coming years, they will become Article 6 projects. In November 2021, the 26th United Nations (UN) Climate Conference will be held in Glasgow. Experts link the effectiveness of forthcoming forum with completion of Article 6 negotiations. In this article, the main problematic issues in the negotiations are considered and proposals for the Russian position at the upcoming conference are formulated.
A Green Revolution? A Tentative Assessment of the European Green Deal
Authors:   Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Siddi Marco
Published: November 2021

In this article the main aspects of the European Green Deal proposed by the European Commission in December 2019 are analyzed, putting the Green Deal into the broader context of European Union (EU) climate governance in order to assess whether and how it advances the EU’s climate agenda. Four broad and interrelated categories to evaluate the Green Deal are proposed. Its performance depends on whether it is and will remain a policy priority, despite the COVID-19 emergency and the ensuing economic crisis. Second, successful implementation depends on adequate financial endowment, including the shift of public funding from hydrocarbons to renewables and energy efficiency in post-pandemic economic programmes. The legal competence of EU institutions to coordinate and enforce the implementation of the Green Deal is also essential, as highlighted by ongoing discussions concerning governance to achieve zero net emissions by 2050. Furthermore, international cooperation with third partners on issues such as border carbon adjustment, technology transfers, and green industry will influence both the implementation of the Green Deal in the EU and the contribution of other major emitters to the climate agenda. The impact of the European Green Deal on EU-Russia relations is also investigated. In this respect, it is argued that the Green Deal poses a serious challenge to the traditional pattern of EU-Russia energy trade, which has been dominated by fossil fuels. However, the Green Deal also offers new avenues for cooperation and for a more sustainable EU-Russia energy relationship.
The EU’s Policies for the Green Deal Internationalization
Authors:   Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Larionova Marina
Published: November 2021

The European Union (EU) aspires to become a global climate power. Climate neutrality became the guiding principle, the goal, and the pillar of the EU’s external policy after the Green Deal endorsement. The Green Deal is internationalized through a system of external policy instruments, including financial, trade and investment mechanisms, carbon border adjustment and emission trading, agreements with other countries, development support, and promotion of the EU’s regulation and standards through cooperation in international institutions. The normative documents and proposals on the key initiatives have been put forward, and the formats and plans for implementation are being discussed and defined. In this context, it is important to analyze the EU’s initiatives for internationalization of green transformation goals and to identify risks and opportunities related to their implementation. This article reviews the array of external policy instruments and initiatives deployed by the EU: the new trade policy of “open strategic autonomy” and the initiative on trade and sustainable development in the World Trade Organization (WTO); the framework for the screening of foreign direct investments and the taxonomy of environmentally sustainable investment and economic activity; new approaches to energy security and the building of global energy markets, including norms and standards for hydrogen markets; and the new neighbourhood policy, including the new strategy for Central Asia and the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument. Given the initial stage of the initiative’s implementation, the study focuses on the adopted documents and planned actions. The author assesses the potential impact of climate policy internationalization instruments on EU-Russia economic cooperation and on EU leadership in shaping global climate governance. The author asserts that a number of instruments bear risks for the Russian Federation’s economic projects and proposes recommendations for abating them. With regard to global governance, the EU’s commitment to integrate climate goals into the global agenda may serve as a bridge for inclusive governance. At the same time, the EU’s determination to impose its priorities through carrot and stick incentives, including through economic measures, on partners not sharing the EU’s approach may be destructive. The author concludes that the EU’s capacity to build constructive engagement with partners will be a test of the EU’s real leadership. Given that the Green Deal’s external dimension is intended not only to promote EU priorities and values, but also to advance the global public good, controversies arise with regard to the instruments, not the goals. Thus, it is in the interests of Russia, as well as other partners directly affected, not to oppose the export of the EU’s climate policy, but to cooperate to mitigate unintended consequences of its deployment and to shape inclusive global governance.
Investigating the Dynamic Impact of FDI Inflows and Economic Growth on Environmental Degradation: Evidence From FMOLS and DOLS for Selected Asian Countries
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Khan Hamad Hasul , Rahmat Siti Rahyla ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia
Published: November 2021

The study examines the dynamic relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, economic growth, and environmental degradation and investigates the long-run validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) for selected Asian countries over the period 1990–2019. Additionally, this study aims to discover the longrun impact of energy consumption, globalization, and population density on environmental degradation by employing a panel cointegration approach, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). The findings provide clear evidence of the existence of EKC and PHH in Asian countries for the period 1990–2019 in the long run. The findings reveal that economic growth has a highly significant and positive role in depleting environmental quality, but this effect gets reversed in the long run as, after a certain turning point, economic growth increases, and the quality of the environment gets better. Moreover, FDI inflows and energy consumption have a positive long-run impact on CO2 emissions, thus contributing to environmental degradation. The study recommends that governments and policymakers should strategically devise and implement CO2 reduction policies, such as carbon pricing, to encourage economic growth and to improve the quality of the environment, with the ultimate goal being to achieve sustainable development. Moreover, the use of cleaner energy should be promoted, and innovations and technological developments should be encouraged for hydropower, wind power, solar energy and other facilities around the world.
Análise de dados de um espectrômetro óptico
Authors: Rangel Rita de Cassia Cipriano , Darbello Sabrina Moretto , SantAna Péricles Lopes
Published: November 2021

Um espectrômetro óptico é um equipamento capaz de determinar as características de filmes finos, tais como espessura e constantes ópticas, pela sua interação com a luz. As constantes ópticas descrevem como a luz é refletida ou se propaga através de um material. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se um espectrômetro óptico portátil (Ocean Optics USB 4000), com o objetivo de analisar a curva de transmitância óptica em função do comprimento de onda de um filme fino de carbono amorfo hidrogenado. Esse filme possui alta transmitância na região próxima a 800 nm e baixa transmitância para comprimentos de onda abaixo de 400 nm. O índice de refração encontrado (ns) foi de 1,513, e a espessura do filme depositado (h), de 2.369 nm.
Segurança do paciente: compreensão de estudantes de enfermagem, medicina e direito acerca do erro assistencial ao paciente
Authors: Paloski Gabriela do Rosário , Tomaschewski-Barlem Jamila Geri , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos , Brum Aline Neutzling , Tavares Ana Paula Mousinho , Nicola Glaucia Dal Omo
Published: November 2021

Objective: to analyze the level of understanding of undergraduate students in nursing, medicine and law about care errors and their relationship with patient safety. Methods: Quantitative study with a cross-sectional design, conducted with 117 students from a Federal University of Southern Brazil. Data collection was performed through the application of the Assistance Error Scale, elaborated, and validated by the study authors. Data analysis was performed with the aid of statistical software, using descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test, with post hoc performance, to verify differentiation of responses of the three groups of students surveyed. Results: In comparison with the other courses in the study, nursing students showed greater development on the pillars that favor the patient safety culture. Conclusion: As a result, it is necessary to address issues related to care errors in the courses surveyed to improve care and provide quality care
Bazı Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) Çeşitlerinin Tokat-Kazova Koşullarında Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR DİRİK Kübra , SAKİN Mehmet Ali , İNANÇ Mahmut , SÖNMEZ Fahri
Published: November 2021

Çalışma bazı arpa çeşitlerinin verim, verim öğeleri ve bazı kalite özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla 2017-2018 ve 2018-2019 yetiştirme dönemlerinde Tokat-Kazova koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 12 adet 2-sıralı, 4 adet 6-sıralı arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) çeşidi Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre üç tekerrürlü, kışlık olarak ekilmiştir. Çalışmada çeşitlerin iki yılın ortalama başaklanma süresi 133.4 gün, yatma oranı %13.1, bitki boyu 94.4 cm, metrekarede başak sayısı 511 adet, başakta tane sayısı 34.2 adet, tek başak verimi 1.35 g, bin tane ağırlığı 35.2 g, hektolitre ağırlığı 63.7 kg, tane verimi 316.1 kg da-1, hasat indeksi %32.4 ve protein oranı %16.4 olarak belirlenmiştir. İncelenen özellikler bakımından arpa çeşitleri arasında önemli farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Ayrıca metrekarede başak sayısı dışında incelenen diğer parametrelerde yıllar arasında da önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen iki yıllık sonuçlara göre tane verimi bakımından Hasat, Bolayır ve Harman çeşitlerinin, bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı ve protein oranı bakımından ise Yalın ve Önder çeşitlerinin öne çıktığı ve bu çeşitlerin Tokat-Kazova koşullarında arpa üretim alanlarında önemli olabileceği belirlenmiştir
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using White Propolis Extract as a Reduction Agent and Optimized by Box-Behnken Design
Authors: GÖKŞEN TOSUN Nazan , KAPLAN Özlem
Published: November 2021

In this study, it was aimed to optimize the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with a Box-Behnken design. The white propolis extract was utilized as the reduction and stabilizing agent. The synthesized silver nanoparticles using white propolis extract solution were optimized by Box-Behnken design considering the effect of certain independent variables such as microwave power, time, and concentration of AgNO3 (silver nitrate). A quadratic polynomial model was used in mathematical modeling and response surface analysis was performed to determine the independent variable-response relationship. The optimum synthesis conditions were determined as 10 mM of AgNO3 concentration, 0.3 of VExt/VAg, 150 watts of microwave power, and 35 seconds. The optimized silver nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR (Fourier Infrared) spectroscopy, UV-VIS (Ultraviolent visible) spectrophotometry, and DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering). In addition, the antibacterial activity of the optimized silver nanoparticles was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) strains. It was observed that synthesized silver nanoparticles had higher antibacterial activity compared to propolis extract.
La co-creación y los nuevos retos de generación de valor que enfrentan las organizaciones
Authors: SÁNCHEZ GONZÁLEZ CARLOS , PRADA ARAQUE DORIS
Published: November 2021

A través de una visión analítica y reflexiva, se busca aclarar el concepto emergente de co-creación, sus ventajas, limitaciones, y los procesos que facilitan su aplicación. Se hace una revisión de la literatura académica desde los primeros estudios que plantearon diversas formas de co-crear en contraste con el paradigma de la Lógica Dominante del Servicio (LDS) en el marketing. En estudios recientes se señala que el cliente ya no puede verse como un elemento pasivo (el objetivo) sino que debe pasar a convertirse en un elemento activo (co-creador o co-productor) para las empresas. Para generar un valor sostenido en las organizaciones, el foco de las acciones de los gestores debe ser la creación de valor conjunta con sus clientes y no la exclusiva meta de aumentar las ventas de sus productos o servicios habitualmente diseñados de manera interna y cerrada.
La planificación de cosecha en ciruela variedad Horvin, estudio de caso. Tuta, Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Serrano Amado Ana Milena , Puentes Montañéz Gloria Aceden , Coronado Viasús Alexander
Published: November 2021

In Colombia, plum cultivation is usually established for marketing purposes, in areas between 1800 and 2450 m altitude, where the main producers are Boyacá and Cundinamarca (Agronet, 2014). The different varieties of plum are characterized by their ability to adapt at different altitudes.
The plum is a species that can live for decades under optimal conditions, occurring continuously in tropical areas, considering it a promising crop, due to its adaptation. The municipalities with the highest production of plum in the Department of Boyacá are Nuevo Colon with a yield of 19 ton/Ha that represents 40% of the total produced; followed by Tibaná and Jenesano that produce 17 ton/Ha and the two they account for 30% of the total produced; Sotaquirá continues with a yield of 13 ton / ha. and represents the total 13% produced; then Tuta with 10 ton / Ha and it registers 10% of the total production and the other municipalities register the remaining 7% with an average performance of 8 ton / ha. Asohofrucol (2012) in these productions presents fruit losses that reach up to 30%. Linked to this are causes in the area of production, harvest, transportation and markets, such as ignorance of harvest rates, inadequate packaging, lack of temperature control and low market prices.
Given the above, the research group CERES develops research in the municipality of Tuta, with the aim of carrying out an adequate planning for the plum culture, with the purpose of improving the production process and controlling crops loses. Qualitative approach using a PRA (Apraissal Participatory Rural) has been the methodology, with the participation of the beneficiaries in the diagnostic process and the surveying of needs.
Slotted ridged waveguide antennas with partial dielectric filling
Authors: Pelevin A. O. , Zargano G. F.
Published: November 2021

Slotted single-ridge waveguide antenna with dielectric filling has been simulated. Dielectric material has been used to fill the slots, and to form a thin layer directly under the slotted broad wall. The specific pairs of ridge dimensions have been found that provide the same cut-off frequency for an air-filled ridged waveguide as it is for a broader air-filled rectangular waveguide. It has been shown that waveguide ridging followed by insertion of a thin dielectric layer under the slotted wall shift consecutively the antenna operating band down to lower frequencies. The specific values of thickness and permittivity of the dielectric layer suitable for frequency shifting have been found. The simulated characteristics of a 20-element dielectrically filled slotted single-ridge waveguide antenna have been presented. Resultantly, the efficient method of shifting the operating interval of a slotted-waveguide antenna down to lower frequencies has been proposed. The method does not require a broader waveguide, and therefore is effective with respect to low frequency – mass/dimension trade-off.
Features of search for complex solutions of non-self-adjoint boundary value problems of electrodynamics
Authors: Kozhevnikova T. V. , Malakhov V. A. , Nechaev A. S. , Nikitin A. A. , Raevskij A. S. , Raevskij S. B. , Sedakov A. Yu. , Titarenko A. A. , Kuzyaev A. S.
Published: November 2021

The features of finding of complex solutions of the dispersion equations of guiding electrodynamic structures waves described by non-self-adjoint operators have been considered. These solutions are found using the combined numerical method for complex roots finding combining the Muller method and the phase variation method. A brief explanation of the combined search method essence has been given, and its advantages have been described. As examples, structures with simple geometry are selected in order to avoid difficult mathematical expressions and focus on the process of complex solutions finding. The guiding electrodynamic structures both without losses and with absorbing metal films have been considered in the approximation of the surface current method and based on its real thickness. A new approach to evaluate the physical correctness and accuracy of the results of solving dispersion problems set in an open form for guiding structures described by non-self-adjoint operators has been shown – by the tendency to zero of the power flow of proper complex waves on average over a period through the cross section of a non-dissipative guide structure. The formulation and the solution features of the adjoint boundary value problem for a round open dielectric waveguide have been considered. The existence possibility of the adjoint waves in this waveguide has been shown.
Calculation of the pulsed electromagnetic field of a plane annular magnetic current
Authors: Kovalyov I. P. , Kuzikova N. I.
Published: November 2021

The work calculates the radiation fields of a plane ring magnetic current in the time domain. Two functions are considered that describe the dependence of the magnetic current on time: the delta function and the unit drop. All calculations are performed in the time domain without using the Fourier transform. First, the time-dependent vector potential is calculated. When writing expressions for the vector potential, the annular magnetic current is represented by the difference between two circular magnetic currents. Then, the magnetic field created by the ring magnetic current is found through the vector potential. Only one φ-th component of the magnetic field is nonzero. Further, from Maxwell's equations through the magnetic field, the components of the electric field of the annular magnetic current are calculated. On the basis of the formulas obtained, various special cases showing the dependence of the emitted field on time and spatial coordinates are considered. The time dependence of the electric field on the ring axis is calculated. It is shown that the Fourier transform of this field leads to a formula known from the literature in the frequency domain for calculating the field on the axis of the ring. The graphs are given showing that near the wave front, the transverse components of the electric and magnetic fields differ only by a factor equal to the wave resistance of the medium (120π for the air medium). The images of the electric field at different times are shown. In the given pictures of the fields, one can observe the movement of the radiation field near the wave front and the formation of a static field in the vicinity of the ring. The analytical expressions obtained in this work can be used to calculate antennas and other structures excited by a coaxial line. They can be used to solve integral equations in the time domain.
Experimental assessment of the information content of long-range portraits of radar objects
Authors: Turov V.E. , Zyuzin A.V. , Timoshenko A.V. , Grutsya V.P.
Published: November 2021

At present, the scientific and technical literature discusses in detail the issues of obtaining information about the geometric characteristics of airborne radar targets (RC), which can be used as recognition signs. However, these issues and the methods being developed are considered in relation to single-position radar stations (radars) using simple or complex signals. Purpose of the work is determination of the informative value of the parameters of the long-range portraits of the RLS obtained by the method of statistical and physical modeling based on the processing of experimental data. A method is proposed for assessing the informativeness of long-range portraits of radar objects obtained as a result of processing reflected signals by various methods, including using weight processing based on a priori information about the structure of probing signals. Based on the analysis of the experimental data, it was found that the weight processing of the long-range portraits of the RLS provides an increase in the contrast of the portraits (an increase in the steepness of the portrait peaks and the depth of the dips), which, in turn, leads to an increase in the information content of each element of the long-range portrait and the totality of the features of the long-range portrait as a whole when recognizing RLO. The use of the technique allows us to assess the quality of the long-range portraits of the radar, obtained by various methods of processing radar signals and develop algorithms that increase the information content of radar systems with the recognition mode both for air and space radar and for objects against the background of the underlying surface during remote sensing.
Microstrip antenna array with an inclined surface and an increased distance between patches
Authors: Bestugin A.R. , Ryzhikov M.B. , Novikova Yu.A. , Kirshina I.A.
Published: November 2021

A new technique for designing a path antenna array with an inclined beam is proposed. It boils down to finding a certain combination of parameters that use the secondary main maxima of the diagram as the main beam and at the same time guarantee the greatest distance between the emitters that does not yet lead to the occurrence of secondary main maxima in the antenna radiation pattern. This simplifies the geometric structure of the antenna, reduces its cost, simplifies the microstrip power system, and reduces the mutual influence of individual elements in the antenna array. To combine the possibility of reducing the radio visibility of the antenna by changing the orientation of the antenna opening while maintaining its emissivity in a given viewing plane, it is possible to implement an antenna with a main beam deviated from the normal. The efficiency of reducing backscattering for the radar range due to the tilt of the antenna outside the operating frequency band of the antenna is investigated. Thus, when mechanically scanning the antenna, due to the fact that the main beam of the antenna array is deviated from the normal, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in the average backscattering pattern of at least 25 dB. It is known that improving the safety of small aircraft at low altitudes, as well as on take-off and landing sites, is directly related to the introduction of a small weather radar, which warns of the presence of dangerous phenomena along the flight path: thunderstorms, turbulence, and wind. When the onboard radar is operating in thunderstorm or turbulence detection modes, the presence of re-reflections from the Earth's surface can lead to the formation of false areas that are dangerous for flight. You can reduce the likelihood of such false zones by spatial filtering of interference from the ground using antennas with a low level of side lobes in the lower hemisphere. The relevance of the problem of reducing the influence of interference from the ground on the correctness of the wind speed estimation in the weather radar is confirmed by publications. They are focused on filtering interference from the earth's surface in the frequency domain for ground-based weather radars or for airborne radars, but by the main beam of the alignment diagram and the rule of its elevation to avoid touching the ground. The second part of the research is devoted to reducing the influence of re-reflections from the earth on the probability of forming false areas of dangerous weather events in the weather radar. To reduce the impact of interference, it is proposed to install an antenna with an upward tilt.
Modern vision of relationship between theta rhythm and the processes of attention
Authors: Karatygin N.A. , Korobeinikova I.I. , Karatygina N.V. , Venerina Ya.A.
Published: November 2021

At present time conceptions of complex neurophysiological mechanisms underlying processes of attention are actively developing. In last few years, several researches revealed rhythmic character of processes of attention. Especially theta-rhythm is considered to be significant in organization of rhythmic interactions between brain zones, which take part in providing attention systems work. The aim of the work – to analyze and summarize modern date about role of theta-rhythm in providing basic processes of attention. The report presents modern data about role of theta-rhythm in processes of attention. Specific features of attention systems are discussed. Thrifold model of attention, developed by Steven E. Petersen and Michael I. Posner is reviewed in detail. Moreover, evidences of rhythmic character of processes of attention are summarized and leading part of theta-activity in providing these processes is demonstrated. We also discuss the investigations by Randolph F. Helfrich and Ian C. Fiebelkorn et al. which stated that the quantization of processes of attention with theta-frequency as a general principle of brain structures activity. Dependence of frequency characteristics of cortex zones of human brain from number of objects of attention is discussed. There is also an analysis of theta-band’s ability to modulate biopotentials of higher frequency. Special attention is paid to the researches focused on theta-gamma coupling. The influence of theta-rhythm phase on gamma-rhythm amplitude in phase-amplitude coupling of theta- and gamma-band is analyzed. Theta-rhythm is considered to be one of the rhythmic components that regulate complex mental functions such as attention, memory and consciousness. Obviously, there is a lack of an exact understanding of the role for every band in mental functions regulation; therefore, more investigations in this field are required. However, several data about the role of theta-band in mental functions was collected. A complex of systems with different physiological and neurochemical basis provides attention. It was demonstrated that attention - is a rhythmical process in which theta-band is a crucial part. Theta-rhythm provides synchronization and joint activity of distant brain structures. Moreover, theta-rhythm modulates high-frequent bands. Theta- gamma-band coupling is supposed to be important for attention. Such cooperation is considered to be an evidence of cortical and subcortical zones and provides coordination of analyzing systems of different level. It is suggested that different phases of theta-band may provide retention/switching of attention or determine information flow. As a summary of review of literary sources, there is a conclusion about high significance of this frequency range in different attention systems functioning.
Non-contact heart rate assessment based on spectral analysis of video images
Authors: Loskutov A.Yu. , Melnik O.V. , Muratov E.R. , Nikiforov M.B.
Published: November 2021

Heart rate is one of the main physiological indicators of the body, and the parameters of heart rate variability reflect various aspects of the functional and psychoemotional status. Automatic determination of a person's condition based on video sequence analysis is an important problem in various areas related to ensuring the safety of production, air and transport communications, prevention of crimes and terrorist threats, etc. Therefore, an important task is to develop methods and algorithms for analyzing video images that allow remote monitoring of heart rate parameters. Purpose – development and software implementation of a method for non-contact assessment of heart rate based on spectral analysis of a video image of a person's face recorded using a traditional video camera. A method for non-contact measurement of heart rate has been developed, including the stages of data collection and preprocessing, spectral analysis of video images and analysis of the information obtained to calculate the results. The difference between the values of the average heart rate recorded using contact sensors and using the developed software does not exceed 3-4 beats per minute. The proposed approach can be implemented as part of various information systems where it is required to control the functional and psycho-emotional status of a person, for example, systems for operator’s status monitoring.
Approaches to motion control intellectualization of a mobile robot
Authors: Lapshinov Stepan A. , Shakhnov Vadim A. , Yudin Anton V.
Published: November 2021

The paper considers the principles of intelligent motion control of mobile robots using the example of omni-wheel modules. The proposed design solution uses components of movement intelligence in any direction, receiving commands from a human operator or above a standing automatic control device, consisting of an angle of movement direction and the required distance of movement. This paper presents an embodiment of using omni-wheels to move a mobile robot over a flat surface. Features of device and application of drive with three omni-wheels in comparison with differential drive are considered. Kinematics, basic principles of motion control formation, hardware and software complex for its implementation are described. There were revealed two alternative methods of organization of drive control in conditions of shortage of low-level hardware resources on the basis of 8-bit microcontroller, their advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed. Process support and materials have been presented that allows realizing the competitive advantages of development while minimizing the cost of components. Features of mobile robot travel route development have been mentioned on the example of competitive practice.
Solving non-standard problems by a computer system
Authors: Orekhov A.N.
Published: November 2021

On the one hand, modern psychology presents a wide range of opinions from the complete denial of the possibility of an adequate theoretical description of the mental in mathematical terms to the recognition of the timeliness and even inevitability of such a description. On the other hand, many developers of traditional AI, i.e. systems based on rules, as well as systems based on deep learning networks of artificial neurons, and their various hybrids either use, most often subconsciously, the most primitive psychological concepts, or believe that they do not need psychological knowledge at all. Therefore, the problem consists of two interrelated parts. The first is whether it is possible to create algorithms of human thinking that are adequate to the facts known in psychology on the basis of the general theory of the psyche, which widely uses the mathematical apparatus. The second is whether it is possible to create a computer system based on these algorithms that can solve the most difficult (non-standard) problems in different fields of knowledge, using what most researchers refer to as "common sense". The goal of the article is to create a computer system capable of solving non-standard problems in natural Russian, using algorithms of human thinking and check its basic parameters. AlNikOr – computer system is created. AlNikOr can solve non-standard problems in natural Russian, using algorithms of human thinking. Its efficiency is shown by the example of solving a non-standard problem in physics. Computer systems based on AlNikOr can be used to solve real non-standard problems in various fields of science and technology.
Algorithm for partially decentralized processing of a posteriori information in an integrated detection system
Authors: Bliznyuk A.A. , Zhironkin S.B. , Slobodyanyuk A.V.
Published: November 2021

The integration of detectors can lead to an improvement in their performance. In this case, heterogeneous (radar, optoelectronic, radiotechnical) detectors can be combined. The task of integrating radar detectors is relevant for multi-positional radar stations. The construction of integrated identification systems can also be viewed as the task of combining detectors of their objects. There are three main options for combining detectors: centralized, partially decentralized, and fully decentralized. Centralized detection implements aggregation at the primary processing level, which provides potential characteristics, but it is difficult to implement such a combination in practice. Partially decentralized detection is implemented more simply, when preliminary detection decisions are made in the integrated detectors, which are then jointly processed and a final decision is formed. In joint processing of preliminary decisions, the probabilities of correct detection and false alarm of complexed detectors are usually used. The article presents an algorithm for partially decentralized combining of detectors using posterior probabilities of correct detection and false alarm. According to the results of computer simulation of the algorithm, characteristics were obtained that indicate an increase in the quality of detection relative to the best of the combined detectors. The use of the usual probabilities of correct detection and false alarm when combining does not guarantee such an increase – for certain characteristics of the detectors being combined, the effect of combining can be negative: the detection quality after combining will be lower relative to the best of the combined detectors.
Approximation and the point of flicker-noise formation
Authors: Matsaev A.S.
Published: November 2021

The article refers to the field of research of noise fluctuations or flicker noise in electronic amplifiers and is devoted to the exact definition of the magnitude and shape of the spectral density of flicker-noise. The 1/f approximation of flicker noise is analyzed and the problem of its non-constructiveness in analyzing the noise characteristics of electronic amplifiers is shown. To eliminate this problem, the mechanism of physical formation of the envelope, a form of spectral density flicker-noise is defined. The physics of flicker-noise is detailed by accurate definition of the place of its formation. An accurate definition of the maximum difference of the amplifier flickernoise on the flat section of noise characteristics is given, using an explanation of the physics of flicker noise. The mechanism and conditions of the exponential increase of flicker noise and its subsequent exponential desire for maximum magnitude are explained. A simple physical approximation is given to determine the processes of forming the envelope form of the spectral density of flickernoise. The physical understanding of the formation of spectral density of flicker-noise tension in the internal structure of the transistor with the participation of external circuits of the amplifier electrical circuit is detailed. The results of the study will help developers to solve many problems of building electronic devices and optimizing their characteristics at a qualitatively new level.
El establecimiento de la Orden del Carmelo descalzo en Zamora. Origen y ocaso de una comunidad femenina en el siglo XX
Authors: García-Lozano Rafael Ángel
Published: November 2021

La presencia de carmelitas en la diócesis de Zamora se remonta a sendos conventos fundados en Toro en el lapso de veintiocho años entre los siglos XVI y XVII. A pesar de los intentos por erigir una comunidad en la capital diocesana, ésta no cristalizó hasta 1953 con una fundación femenina. Su establecimiento bajo el contexto del nacionalcatolicismo fue, no obstante, en precario hasta que en agosto de 1956 las religiosas se instalaron en su nuevo convento, construido conforme a los valores de la reforma teresiana. Casi de modo prototípico, la comunidad protagonizó ampliaciones e incluso la promoción de una nueva comunidad, si bien los planes de desarrollo urbanístico finiseculares de la ciudad terminaron desposeyéndolas de su monasterio, que fue demolido, y las religiosas se instalaron de nuevo provisionalmente hasta su definitiva marcha de la diócesis.
El cólera en España (1854-1856). Algunas consideraciones legales, sanitarias, sociales, económicas y demográficas
Authors: Pérez Díaz Rafael Luis
Published: November 2021

El presente trabajo estudia, a partir de diversas fuentes primarias y secundarias, la epidemia de cólera que invadió España desde finales de 1853 hasta 1856. Trata diferentes aspectos: socioeconómicos como la financiación de la lucha contra la enfermedad, que recayó fundamentalmente en las autoridades locales, teniendo gran importancia la solidaridad económica de muchos ciudadanos; legales como la normativa que regulaba la movilidad en tiempo de epidemia. Analiza el papel de las Juntas de Sanidad y Beneficencia como principal herramienta de actuación no sólo sanitaria sino también social. Trata fenómenos sociales como la huida, especialmente de las élites socioeconómicas, de las localidades infectadas. Examina la influencia de algunas consideraciones morales sobre cuestiones puramente sanitarias. Por último, incluye las cifras oficiales de contagiados y fallecidos, con un análisis de las razones explican por qué deben ser revisadas al alza.
ABC Género y Transporte
Authors: Montoya Valentina , Montes Laureen , Bernal Valeria , Camós, Gibet , Bertossi Fanny , Orozco Ángela María , Arístide Edith , Roldán Juan David , Angel Sandra , Lozano Diana , Pinilla Paula
Published: November 2021

Para nadie es un secreto que la movilidad es un factor determinante para la calidad de vida de todas las personas, tanto en el contexto urbano como en el rural. En cada uno de ellos, la planificación y gestión de los servicios asociados a la infraestructura del transporte tienen como finalidad, además de conectar a los ciudadanos, facilitar y responder a las diferentes necesidades de las personas, es decir, mitigar los índices de segregación socioespacial haciendo más próximas las zonas residenciales, económicas y productivas que ofrecen estos territorios.