bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Parametrics Architecture for Design, Management, and Coordination in a Collaborative AEC Environment
Authors: El‐Bibany Hossam E. , Paulson Boyd C.
Published: March 2003

This article describes a unified system architecture for representation and reasoning in a concurrent, collaborative architectural/engineering/construction (AEC) environment. The architecture is built on a formal unified modeling methodology for products and processes based on parametrics techniques. The architecture forms the core of a domain‐independent shell that could be used for incremental knowledge integration. The integrated knowledge base could be used at any point of inference to propagate changes in data values or knowledge items using parameter‐dependency networks. The article concentrates on the representation standards of the core elements of the collaborative architecture. It starts by describing the needs set by the nature of project organization in the AEC industry as well as the research philosophy. The article briefly illustrates the generic parametric representation and inference foundation, including the role of exogenous variables in domain knowledge control. The article concentrates on the standards of object‐oriented representation that form the core of domain modeling and knowledge integration. The representation covers various tasks such as context knowledge control for version management, knowledge integration with other systems, and efficient propagation control. The article shows that the careful use of domain knowledge in modeling the problem and controlling inference through exogenous variables provides guidelines toward creating sound standards for representation.
Collaborative Scheduling over the Internet
Authors: Chan Weng‐Tat , Chua David K. H. , Lang Xiong
Published: March 2003

The modern global economy compels people to communicate, collaborate, and cooperate efficiently. To date, information technology has facilitated this communication and collaboration by making the transfer of information quicker and more efficient through the use of digital and computer communications. However, it is argued that the efficient transfer of information is not enough; people still must coordinate their decisions based on the information exchanged. There is always the danger that the volume of information and the pace at which the information is exchanged will overwhelm the people, and they will not realize the implications of their decisions based on this information. This is especially so when the information exchange is across organizational boundaries. Computer support for such decision coordination is still very much lacking. This article looks at the subject of decision coordination in a very task‐specific area, that of precast fabrication scheduling. It discusses the issues involved and describes the proposed system model for implementing a groupware application for doing distributed scheduling. It also discusses the technology that will be used to implement the application.
Process Model of Design and Construction Activities of a Building
Authors: Kaneta Takashi , Furusaka Shuzo , Nagaoka Hiroaki , Kimoto Kenji , Okamoto Hiroaki
Published: March 2003

This article presents a new method to represent the design and construction process in a systematic way and to develop a support system of management for concurrent engineering. We define activities included in the total process of a standard project, make an adjacency matrix about the relationship among activities, and structure the activities with a reachability matrix. As a result, the process consisting of several complicated interactions among activities was found. These interactions can be classified into three patterns. We constructed a new process model by dividing the information flow into nine categories. Moreover, the effectiveness of the model as a tool for concurrent engineering is discussed from four points of view, and the rellationship between concurrent engineering and project objectives is analyzed. This article shows the results matrix calculation first and then describes its contribution to concurrent engineering.
Design Process Management
Authors: Jeng Tay‐Sheng , Eastman Charles M.
Published: March 2003

The objective of this article is to develop an electronic collaborative environment supporting cross‐disciplinary heterogeneous computer‐aided design (CAD) use. Design information flows, as a result of concurrent execution of an open‐ended set of applications, require both better communication and control for design effectiveness. This work reviews current capabilities in database transactions to support CAD/CAM and proposes a new architecture to support missing capabilities. In this article we outline the use of a process management module within a product modeling environment. The management and control of design information flows are addressed at three levels of abstraction: a conceptual framework for specifying and reasoning about design transactional flows, a comprehensive distributed object model of design processes, and a client‐server network‐based computing infrastructure supporting the process model.
Handling Uncertainties in Knowledge Modeling and Acquisition for the Development of a Knowledge‐Based System
Authors: Murlidharan T. L. , Rao K. Balaji , Durgaprasad J. , Rao T. V. S. R. Appa
Published: March 2003

Knowledge acquisition is perhaps the most important phase in the development of knowledge‐based systems (KBSs). Problems associated with knowledge acquisition include creating an explicit model of handling uncertainty for solving models in a complex domain. This article illustrates how knowledge modeling facilitates the acquisition of knowledge that is vague and uncertain. A hierarchical model is adopted for knowledge acquisition. The domain of the problem, i.e., damage assessment and vulnerability analysis of structures subjected to cyclones, is characterized by the presence of uncertainties in various forms. A KBS based on the hierarchical knowledge model has been developed that has the flexibility to handle the uncertainties using probabilistic and fuzzy set approaches depending on the nature of uncertainty. The hierarchical model for handling complexities and uncertainties in knowledge, the knowledge‐acquisition strategy, the inference mechanism, and the representation used are described. Two typical sessions, one for damage assessment and another for vulnerability analysis, are presented to demonstrate the working of the KBS and its efficacy in handling uncertain information.
A PC‐Based Decision Tool for Roadway Incident Management
Authors: Govind Shekhar , Ardekani Siamak A. , Kazmi Ali
Published: March 2003

A quick‐response PC tool has been developed to address a number of crucial transportation needs following major road incidents or urban disasters. Known as TEMPO (Transportation Emergency Management of Post‐Incident Operations), the tool is capable of instantaneously identifying near‐optimal traffic‐diversion strategies around disruptions in an urban traffic network. TEMPO utilizes heuristic approaches to estimating the origin‐destination (O‐D) of the traffic on the closed links and reassigning the estimated O‐D to the remainder of the network.

This article describes the following features of TEMPO: (1) the GIS‐based data structure that allows graphic user interaction and network editing, including closed street links, changes in number of lanes, cordoned off areas, changes in street directionality, speed limits, and parking regulations, and (2) the algorithm for traffic diversion around the incident based on cordoning the affected region around the closure, estimation of the O‐D matrix for the traffic on the closed links, and reassignment of the O‐D to the network. Finally, a simulation‐based calibration procedure is conducted to compare the TEMPO results with those generated by a popular planning software, TRANPLAN. Thirty‐three incident scenarios in a generic test network are simulated by both TEMPO and TRANPLAN, and the results are compared statistically.
Synthesis of a Model for Life‐Cycle Project Management
Authors: Ali Jaafari  , Manivong Kitsana
Published: March 2003

The focus of this article is on life‐cycle objective–based project management models in general. The model has been designed (1) to facilitate employment of life‐cycle objective–based project management approaches and (2) to support concurrent engineering and construction, thus promoting greater integration of total processes under which projects are proposed and implemented. In order to synthesize the functions designed in the model, we undertook a detailed case study of a large capital project. This case study has been documented in separate articles; only the results of the study will be presented in this article. While this field research shed light on the actual needs and requirements, the design of the functions was approached from first principles. They incorporate the basic shift from the traditional objectives of cost, time, and quality to life‐cycle objective functions, such as return on investment, facility operability, and life‐cycle integration. This article describes the fundamental philosophy and framework for the development of life‐cycle project management in general and contrasts this with the traditional project management models.
Product Modeling for Dimensional Control in the Building Industry
Authors: Wu Rui , Van Hoof Peter , Maas Ger , Tolman Frits
Published: March 2003

Construction planning is an indispensable bridge between the phase of building design and the phase of building construction. Among others, the dimensional control plan is one important part of the construction plan. To ensure the predefined dimensional quality, the dimensional control plan must provide site personnel with information on, among others, setting out and assembling building components, which often can be done by means of total stations. The complexity of designing such a plan asks for the support of information technology. This article presents the initial results of integrating product modeling with knowledge‐based engineering to support designing the dimensional control plan.
Meta‐Optimization Using Cellular Automata with Application to the Combined Trip Distribution and Assignment System Optimal Problem
Authors: ElDessouki Wael M. , Fathi Yahya , Rouphail Nagui
Published: March 2003

In this paper, meta‐optimization and cellular automata have been introduced as a modeling environment for solving large‐scale and complex transportation problems. A constrained system optimum combined trip distribution and assignment problem was selected to demonstrate the applicability of the cellular automata approach over classical mixed integer formulation. A mathematical formulation for the selected problem has been developed and a methodology for applying cellular automata has been presented. A numerical example network was used to illustrate the potential for using cellular automata as a modeling environment for solving optimization problems.
Revisiting Externalities
Authors: Hurwicz Leonid
Published: March 2003

For economies with one‐sided externalities between firms, four types of results are presented and discussed: (i) the impossibility of decentralized finite‐dimensional mechanisms guaranteeing Pareto optimality; (ii) the possibilities for Pigou taxes in situations where Arrovian markets cannot function; (iii) that mergers may be able to internalize “weak” externalities but not “strong” ones; and (iv) that “parallelism” of indifference curves (quasi‐linear utilities, absence of income effects) is necessary, and not merely sufficient, for the validity of the Coase Invariance Theorem (asserting that alternative institutional arrangements do not change the level of externality). The paper builds on the seminal contributions of Starrett, Calsamiglia, Baumol, Bradford, Oates, Boyd, and Conley.
Cost Benefit Analysis with Uncertain Cash Flow and Project Life
Authors: Quah Euston , Tan Khye Chong
Published: March 2003

When future cash flows and the lives of capital projects are known, the optimal solution is usually one of choosing the project that maximizes net present value of future returns on the project. In many situations, however, the information needed for cost‐benefit analysis is not known with certainty. Recent cost‐benefit models have tried to introduce some realism by assuming future cash flows are unknown but are subject to known probability laws. However, not much has been done on relaxing the assumption of known project life. This paper proposes a framework to include the assumption of uncertain project life and future cash flows in cost‐benefit decision making. The method follows from some known techniques from the actuarial literature that to a large extent is underappreciated in cost‐benefit analysis.
Collusion‐Proof Samuelson Conditions for Public Goods
Authors: Laffont Jean‐Jacques , Martimort David
Published: March 2003

We analyze a public good problem when agents form a grand coalition to promote their own collective goal instead of that of society as a whole. When collusion takes place under symmetric information, the collusion‐proof Samuelson rule takes a simple form that is close to an ex ante cost‐benefit analysis. Then, we analyze the case where agents collude under asymmetric information. First, we describe the set of collusion‐proof allocations. Second, we establish the collusion‐proof Samuelson rule that highlights the role of coalitional virtual valuations. Asymmetric information within the coalition allows the principal to recover some flexibility in the design of the optimal policy. We finally discuss the nature of the inefficiency created by the agents' collusive behavior and the scope of their ex ante gain in forming a coalition.
Equilibrium Existence and Uniqueness in Public Good Models: An Elementary Proof via Contraction
Authors: Cornes Richard , Hartley Roger , Sandler Todd
Published: March 2003

This paper presents a proof for existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium of a public good model that exploits a simple contraction mapping. The proof establishes both existence and uniqueness in a single exercise that provides intuition about sufficiency. The method of proof is applied not only to the basic pure public good model but also to the impure model. In the latter model, income normality does not play the same pivotal role for existence and uniqueness.
User Charges as Redistributive Devices
Authors: Balestrino Alessandro
Published: March 2003

In this model, a mix of public and private provision of private goods arises naturally in the economy. We characterize the social optimum in the presence of a linear tax/public expenditure system and show how a user charge can be welfare‐ or Pareto‐improving, when the users are the poor. The charge discourages the rich from opting into the public program and allows the policymaker to restructure the tax/expenditure system in a way that is beneficial for the poor. If the ensuing welfare gain is large enough to outweigh the loss for the remaining users, a charge is desirable.
Decentralizing Allocation and Distribution by Separation with Information Transfers
Authors: Hamilton Jonathan H. , Slutsky Steven
Published: March 2003

Governments often divide operations into separate branches that face different constraints and have limited information. Such separation is feasible if each can operate by solving a simple optimization problem using limited information without requiring game‐theoretic calculations about others' actions. We specify two structures of one‐way information transfers that allow this. For each structure, we present conditions for unified and decentralized decision‐making to have identical outcomes. One of them corresponds to using a Samuelson aggregate welfare function that is not always fully efficient. We apply our results to several examples, including public goods and Ramsey pricing.
Theology and the Fragmentation of the Self
Authors: Woodhead Linda
Published: March 2003

Modern Christian anthropology frequently adopts from socio‐cultural theory the thesis that modern selfhood is fragmented. This ‘fragmentation thesis’ should be placed within a framework which sees modernity not as homogeneous but as stranded. Four conflicting construals of modern selfhood can be discerned: the bestowed self, the rational self, the boundless self and the effective self. In promoting versions of the bestowed self through communitarian and Trinitarian ideas, contemporary theological anthropology often fails to meet the challenges posed by other construals of selfhood, or to take seriously lessons learnt from contemporary forms of Christianity like the evangelical–charismatic upsurge.
Edwards on the Will
Authors: Holmes Steve
Published: March 2003

Jonathan Edwards' The Freedom of the Will advances an ethical argument concerning the nature of the freedom that a person must have to be considered morally culpable. The view he opposes, that free decisions must be uncaused, is shown to be now common in Western culture, and the results he predicted of that are displayed. His own view, whereby a free decision is one constrained only by moral causes, is shown to be theologically grounded and consistent with ethical responsibility. Mention is made of the virtue ethic he relied upon, and of the predestinarian nature of the account.
The Stranger as Sacrament: Karl Barth and the Ethics of Ecclesial Practice>
Authors: Mangina Joseph L.
Published: March 2003

Recent theology has devoted attention to ecclesial practices as a matrix for ethical reflection. Barth stands in ambivalent relation to these developments. On the one hand, Barth urges consideration of the relation of church practice to the gospel of divine action; on the other, Barth's christocentric account of ethics might be corrected by an ethics of ecclesial practice. The ambivalence is explored in an interpretation of Barth's account of the ministry of the Christian community in Church Dogmatics IV/3 and of his treatment of love of one's neighbour in I/2.
Theological Realism and the Observability of God
Authors: Moore Andrew
Published: March 2003

A popular way of arguing for theological realism depends on analogies with defences of realism in the philosophy of science. This article questions the success and theological propriety of this strategy by comparing theological and scientific methodologies. First, for the analogies to work it is necessary to show that the theological counterparts of objections to scientific realism can be rebutted; however, it appears that orthodox theology cannot accomplish this. Second, the topic of un/observability in science and theology is analysed. It is shown that the two disciplines have different accounts of the topic and that comparisons between the two undermine a central argument of versions of theological realism based on the philosophy of science.
Advent’s Answer to the Problem of Evil
Authors: Work Telford
Published: March 2003

Traditional Christian answers to the problem of evil may be identified as either theistic or christological. While theistic theodicies enjoy greater philosophical interest, christological theodicies are more practical, remaining embodied in the semiotics of the worshipping church, and are utimately more successful. The Christian church’s liturgical practice of Advent – where Christology, soteriology and eschatology come together – is a common and coherent response to the problem of evil. The practice of Advent comprises an eschatological ethics of justice and mercy which embraces their evil side‐effects and the tension of present and future justice. Advent thus presents the problem of evil as a constructive part of Christian theology and ethics.
Some Dogmatic Implications of Barth’s Understanding of Ebionite and Docetic Christology
Authors: Molnar Paul D.
Published: March 2003

This article shows how Barth’s understanding of Ebionite andDocetic Christology shaped his trinitarian theology and argues that theologianstoday should learn from Barth in order to avoid the pitfalls of groundingChrist’s uniqueness either in experience or in an ideology instead of in Christ himself. The article exhibits how Barth’s insights relate to the views of a number of prominent contemporary theologians, illustrating how thesetheologians, in varying ways, actually reach problematic conclusions preciselyto the extent that they do not actually begin their christological reflections with the fact that Jesus is the Son of God simply because he is.
Creative Reappropriation: Barth’s Use of Calvin in the Münster Ethics (1928/29)
Authors: Chung SungWook
Published: March 2003

This article demonstrates Calvin’s impact upon Barth’s ethics through a close reading of Barth’s MÃnster lectures on ethics. Already in these early lectures Barth insisted on the coherence of dogmatic and ethical reflection, and developed the basic structure and some characteristic themes of his mature ethical reflection in the Church Dogmatics. By showing the ways in which Barth was influenced by Calvin in these formative first ethics lectures the case is made that a thorough understanding of Calvin’s theology is necessary for a correct appreciation of Barth’s ethics and of his theology as a whole.
Making and Mis‐Making: Poiesis in Exodus 25–40
Authors: Leithart Peter J.
Published: March 2003

The article examines Milbank’s critique of the modern assumption that what is humanly constructed is secular, and his attempt to rehabilitate a theological concept of poiesis. After surveying Milbank’s critique of secular instrumentalism, an exegetical examination of the tabernacle texts in Exodus 25–40 offers general support for Milbank’s proposal. However, Milbank’s dependence upon Vico makes it difficult for him to identify an ‘extra‐artificial’ standard by which mis‐making can be identified and criticized.
Justification as Declaration and Deification
Authors: Marshall Bruce D.
Published: March 2003

Theological accounts of the way God justifies sinners often struggle to combine forensic or declarative ideas about justification with transformationist ones. Luther seems to have especially steep problems here, not because he fails to think of justification as transformation – indeed deification – but because his forensic claims seem to take back what he says about transformation. Yet in the end Luther shows how forensic and transformationist ideas of even the boldest sort can cohere. At one level the concept of justifying faith as union with Christ extra nos combines the two, but their deeper unity is trinitarian: it lies in the Father’s eternal verdict on the work of his incarnate Son, whose death and resurrection win for us the coming of the Spirit.
Where is James Grotstein? Response to James Grotstein
Authors: Culbert‐Koehn JoAnn
Published: March 2003

What follows is a response to Dr Grotstein's current paper on the psychoanalytic Subject. The discussion highlights the paper's main ideas, giving a developmental context by citing Grotstein's previous work in Do I dare disturb the universe? It is suggested here that the expanded view of the Subject of psychoanalysis that Grotstein describes is similar to Jung's description of the Self and Edinger's explication of the ego‐Self axis. It is noted that Grotstein arrives at his ideas through Lacan, Bion, Matte Blanco, as well as other Freudian analysts. In reviewing Grotstein's case material the possible impact of Grotstein's contribution on both Jungian and Freudian communities is discussed.
The writing of clinical papers: the analyst as illusionist
Authors: Plaut Fred
Published: March 2003

Rather than begin by defining what we mean when we call a paper ‘clinical’, I would like to reflect on how such a piece of work originates, how, through the interplay between the written and the spoken word, it becomes clinical and good enough for a professional journal.

In the following, I shall pay particular attention to recent publications from the editorial side, that is, those by Wharton, one of the three editors of The Journal of Analytical Psychology, and by Tuckett, editor of The International Journal of Psycho‐Analysis. I shall plead that there should not only be one kind of clinical paper, namely the type that for political reasons seems to be the one that is most wanted at the present time and the aim of which is to put psychoanalysis on more secure foundations than it currently is.
The little puppet: working with autistic defences in mother‐infant psychotherapy
Authors: Sidoli Mara
Published: March 2003

This paper outlines a constellation around birth in our society that is related to advanced western medicine and the way that families move around the globe. It describes a brief therapy with a three‐year‐old child who was diagnosed as autistic, and a mother who resorted to ‘heroic’ defences against the anxiety of being unsupported in a strange country. The therapist undertook to process the catastrophic experiences of the birth as expressed in the child's play and transform the accompanying monstrous fantasies into human experiences and thoughts. By providing a maternal container for both mother and child, the therapist was able to dissolve the couple's negative enmeshment and help create a space in the mother's mind in which she could process her own feelings, and thereby process and understand the child's feelings and communications.
Possible psychosomatic hazards to the therapist: patients as selfobjects
Authors: Redfearn Joe
Published: March 2003

This speculative paper concerns certain fundamentals of healing and psychotherapy which we mistakenly tend to take for granted. I discuss our need for the feeling of harmony, wholeness, and oneness. I call this archetypal need our ‘normal autistic expectation’. When met, we experience well‐being and ‘healing’. If not sufficiently and reliably met, this expectation becomes an omnipotent demand (‘autistic demand’). Frustration then brings about angry destructiveness, either outwardly directed or inwardly directed, with bodily changes which must be processed if bodily damage is to be minimized.

Bereavement, the loss of a person necessary for one's feeling of wholeness (a ‘selfobject’), is an extreme and well‐researched example of such damage. Our selfobjects are ‘healing’ when they help us to complete our sense of self. Our patients, our profession, our colleagues, our place of work and our financial security are normally all part of our selfobject structure.

I give examples where patients' own needs for survival or intactness mean that they have to externalize their own hurt and anger for long periods of their therapy. This often means that the therapist's own wholeness and health are under attack, and even damaged permanently, or at least until the damage can be processed. The nature of ‘processing’ in this sense is therefore in need of energetic research.
Dismemberment and reintegration: Aztec themes in contemporary Mexican practice
Authors: Michán Patricia
Published: March 2003

In a depth process the unconscious presents images of destruction. In my analytic work with a female Mexican artist, the themes of destruction and creation alive in her psyche echo the motifs of the pre‐Hispanic myth of Coyolxauhqui. I will illustrate the mythological amplifications of the patient's personal material with illustrations of her paintings. I will also discuss how this myth operates in a male patient, and between the masculine and feminine in Mexican culture. Similar images by the German artist Anselm Kiefer refer to the dismembering of the newly discovered lands and government violence against the youth of Mexico.
Pre‐Hispanic perspectives on the modern Mexican psyche; contemporary subjects and ancient objects. A Mayan text of evolution: the stages of creation in the Popol Vuh or sacred book of the Mayans
Authors: Rubinstein Julieta Besquin
Published: March 2003

The ancestral tribes of Mexico, like any people living within a certain culture, may be affected by the archetypal images and values of their surroundings. Access to the imagery of the Mayan creation myth, the Popol Vuh, has provided an orientation in my analytical work with Mexican patients as they attempt to recreate themselves by engaging their conflicts around their reality, individuality and capacity to relate.

I will address the psychological meaning of the different stages of creation: the original creative event, the man of mud, the man of wood, the false sun and the man of corn. With these images, I will illustrate their clinical application in analytic work with three Mexican middle age male patients dealing with different issues of identity and with a young female patient struggling to separate from a manipulative and destructive family system.
Origins of the ethical attitude
Authors: McFarland Solomon Hester
Published: March 2003

This paper seeks to explore the genesis of the capacity for an ethical attitude, personally and professionally. As analysts working in intimate clinical settings, ethics is at the foundation of our professional lives, as it is at the foundation of our humanity and what it is we struggle towards in our own personal development.

The ethical attitude presupposes special responsibilities that we choose to adopt in relation to another. Thus, a parallel situation pertains between caregiver and child and between analyst and patient: they are not equal partners, but nevertheless are in a situation of mutuality, shared subjectivity, and reciprocal influence.

The basic premiss of this paper is that the analytic attitude is an ethical attitude, and that the ethical attitude is a developmental achievement, and as such it may reach beyond the depressive position.
Memories, fantasies, archetypes: an exploration of some connections between cognitive science and analytical psychology
Authors: Knox Jean M.
Published: March 2003

The value of cognitive science as a means of investigating psychodynamic theory and practice is discussed and the limitations of this approach are described. Research findings from cognitive science are drawn on to clarify the nature of memory, which is seen to be a mixture of reproduction and reconstruction and the concepts of true and false memory are explored in this light. The part played by implicit memory and internal working models in producing transference is also examined.

New ways of conceptualizing fantasy, which describes it as another facet of internal working models, and the role of transgenerational transmission of attachment patterns in creating internal working models are explored.

The nature of archetypes is considered in the light of cognitive science research and a minimalist model is proposed, in which they can be likened to image schemas, that is, primitive conceptual structures that exist in a form which can never be experienced directly or indirectly.
Jung's twin brother. Otto Gross and Carl Gustav Jung
Authors: Heuer Gottfried
Published: March 2003

This paper is a preliminary communication of several years of research into the life and work of the Austrian psychoanalyst and anarchist Otto Gross (1877–1920). Although he played a pivotal role in the birth of modernity, acting as a significant influence upon psychiatry, psychoanalysis, ethics, sociology and literature, he has remained virtually unknown to this day. Following a biographical sketch and an overview of his main theoretical contributions, the impact of Gross' life and work on the development of analytical theory and practice is described. His relationship with some of the key figures in psychoanalysis is presented, with particular emphasis on his connections to Jung. The paper concludes with an account of relevant contemporary interest in his work: the founding of the International Otto Gross Society, the first edition of The Collected Works of Otto Gross on the Internet, and the 1st and 2nd International Otto Gross Congresses which took place in Berlin in 1999 and at the Burghölzli Clinic, Zürich, in October 2000.
The analytic process in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy: from the interpersonal to the intrapsychic level
Authors: Gibeault Alain
Published: March 2003

The current debate over the conflicting interpersonal and intrapsychic views of the analytic process may or may not help us to distinguish between psychoanalysis and analytic psychotherapy. A comparison of psychoanalysis in the English‐speaking world – especially in the United States – with French psychoanalysis reveals the features that unite and at the same time divide these different psychoanalytical tendencies, both of which are the heirs to Freud’s thought, in terms, in particular, of the setting (couch and chair) and of technique (interpretation, transference analysis and technical neutrality). Whereas all psychoanalytic work belongs within the framework of an interpersonal relationship, that relationship becomes meaningful only when linked to the intrapsychic dimension, which alone can open the way to the unconscious and to infantile sexuality.
Symbolic attitude and reverie: problems of symbolization in children and adolescents
Authors: Bovensiepen Gustav
Published: March 2003

In comparison to the 1970s and 1980s, we now treat more children and adolescents who, because they have had traumatic experiences of violence, child abuse, deprivation or chronic physical illness, are not able to adequately use their symbolizing function. The question is which qualities and which analytical attitude we should and can offer in analysis to help a child regain his or her capacity to symbolize, irrespective of how poorly developed or blocked this capacity may be. In contrast to Jung and some Jungians, the author argues that although the transcendent function is a ‘natural process’ and hence archetypally grounded as Jung maintained, the transcendent function does not work spontaneously. Rather it requires a matrix based on the child’s earliest relationship, which can later be re‐enacted in treatment. Jung’s general concept of a ‘symbolic attitude’ can be complemented and focused in a specific way through the use of Bion’s concept of ‘reverie’, which contributes in a fundamental way to symbol formation within the transference/countertransference. This idea is illustrated by clinical material from a nine‐year‐old boy who suffered from a severe congenital intestinal disease and was blocked in his capacity to symbolize. From the perspective of treatment technique, the author shows how the drawing of ‘comic book’ narratives in a reciprocal exchange was brought into the treatment. The drawings evolved in a way that he understood as a modified form of active imagination with children. The drawing process helped the boy gradually to develop a symbolic space in the therapy and to contain a psychic space in his mind.
Archetype and object: primary deintegration and primary love in analytical play therapy with young children
Authors: Peery J. Craig
Published: March 2003

Jungian and post‐Jungian theory of the development of the child's psyche is reviewed. A discrimination between primary and secondary deintegration is suggested. Post‐Freudian theory regarding primary object relations is integrated with the Jungian model. The two approaches can contribute synergistically to inform and advance play therapy with young children. Patients from widely diverse cultural backgrounds use their relationship with the therapist as a helpful person (object), and engage in archetypal material from the collective unconscious, to help them work on and through their unresolved emotional issues.
The goal as process: music and the search for the Self
Authors: Skar Patricia
Published: March 2003

This paper explores and compares the processes of music and analysis from the author’s experience as a musician, piano teacher and analyst. It explains how the use of music improvisation in analysis (with simple percussion instruments) can powerfully enhance the dialogue between the unconscious and conscious psyche, as well as deepen the relationship between analyst and analysand. This is connected theoretically to Jung’s active imagination and Winnicott’s concept of play within the analytic encounter. Finally, the question is raised whether analytic trainings could do more to expose trainees to the possibility of using music within the analytic encounter. This touches on the more basic and controversial issue (which often separates analytical psychology and psychoanalysis) of whether expressive therapy should be used in analysis at all.
New Institutional Economics in the Post‐Socialist Transformation Debate
Authors: SMYTH RUSSELL
Published: March 2003

The paper suggests that there is a tension between the basic tenant of New Institutional Economics (NIE) and the manner in which it has been applied in the debate on post‐socialist transformation. This tension is explored in the context of four main perspectives on NIE: (i) property rights, (ii) transaction costs economics, (iii) new economic history, and (iv) evolutionary economics. There are two main arguments. The first is that the transformation phase should be seen as ‘open‐ended’ rather than a ‘closed process’ where the ‘pure market’ is the inevitable end result. The second is that, although the NIE literature touches on most of the issues which are relevant to post‐socialist transformation, the insights that it offers are still too general for policy guidance.
Monetary Policy Rules, Policy Preferences, and Uncertainty: Recent Empirical Evidence
Authors: Muscatelli Anton , Trecroci Carmine
Published: March 2003

We survey recent empirical evidence on monetary policy rules, and find that the emphasis in the political economy literature on institutional design (e.g. central bank independence and inflation targeting) is exaggerated. Formal institutional reform seems neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the observation of shifts in monetary policy rules. However, there is no doubt that in some cases (e.g. the UK following the start of inflation targeting in 1992, and Bank of England Independence in 1997), a major shift in monetary policy conduct is detectable. We also highlight the problems in explicitly testing the predictions of the political economy literature. Semi‐structural modelling approaches, such as time‐varying VAR models may be more useful in understanding policy rules, and the interaction between policy shifts and changes in the transmission mechanism.
Where Are We Now On Cultural Economics
Authors: Blaug Mark
Published: March 2003

A survey of progress in cultural economics since its virtual birth in 1966 with the publication of Baumol and Bowen, Performing Arts: The Economic Dilemma, distinguishing between ‘theoretical progress’ and ‘empirical progress’. Following in the footsteps of Towse’s recent anthology of classic papers in cultural economics, I address nine topics that between them cover the subject, namely, (1) taste and taste formation, (2) demand and supply studies, (3) the media industries, (4) the art market, (5) the economic history of the arts, (6) the labour market for artists, (7) Baumol’s cost disease, (8) non‐profit arts organisations, and (9) public subsidies to the arts. I conclude that there has been some theoretical and empirical progress in the treatment of almost all these topics.
Making Connections through Talking with Children: from the ‘Returns of the Repressed’ to ‘Dialectics’
Authors: Cooklin Alan
Published: March 2003

This paper traces the author's thinking from a model of systemic practice based on a ‘survival’ model with its roots in psychoanalysis, to one based on the promotion of greater tolerance of difference within the family. The use of a particular form of conversation with children, as a route to this goal, is illustrated.
History‐containing Systems
Authors: Lieberman Stuart
Published: March 2003

This contribution summarizes two papers about transgenerational issues published twenty years ago. The ideas and practices which remain useful and unmodified are distinguished from those which have been changed or discarded over the ensuing decades. The helpfulness of the anthropological concept of sociality in integrating narrative therapy and social construction with transgenerational concepts is also discussed.
The family therapy journals in 1997: a thematic review
Authors: Rivett Mark
Published: March 2003

This review considers papers that were published within the principal family therapy journals for the year 1997. The clearest themes that emerged were on the nature of love, gender and collaborative approaches.
‘Good morning, Sir!’‘Axe handle.’ Talking at cross‐purposes in family therapy
Authors: Reimers Sigurd
Published: March 2003

This paper will examine how therapists can make sense of and use some of the incongruous and apparently absurd replies which clients sometimes make to their therapists' questions. It will be argued that the convention of relying on therapist questions can create its own problems, not least because clients often feel at a disadvantage. Careful attention to the question_answer process in therapy can play an essential part in the therapeutic alliance and can give us clues as to what may be some of the often unstated preoccupations of our clients.
A thematic review of the family therapy journals of 1998
Authors: Rivett Mark
Published: March 2003

This review considers papers within the principal family therapy journals for the year 1998. The clearest themes that emerged were a considerable reflection on the influence of constructionism on the field, issues around femininism and family violence and techniques of working with children.
Whatever happened to biology? Reconnecting family therapy with its evolutionary origins
Authors: Launer John
Published: March 2003

This article argues for a rapprochement between family therapy and biological science. In spite of the prevailing tendency nowadays to write biology out of the story of family therapy, it has played a central historical and conceptual role in the origin of our discipline. Family therapists may have done themselves and their patients a disservice by distancing themselves from the discipline of biology; ignorance of modern biological ideas may be a serious handicap in the practice of therapy. The gap between contemporary biology and the kind of postmodern thinking currently favoured by many therapists is not as great as it appears, and may be bridged.
Sharing a multicultural course design for a marriage and family therapy programme: one perspective
Authors: Guanipa Carmen
Published: March 2003

The marriage and family therapy (MFT) field has made tremendous progress in acknowledging the importance of multicultural training. Nevertheless, multiculturally committed MFT trainers still struggle with issues of multicultural course design and delivery. In a subject so controversial and which requires a great deal of experience and skills to teach, little has been done in terms of sharing different multicultural course designs and working towards their implementation in MFT programmes. This paper presents a prototype curriculum of an introductory course in multiculturism in counselling for marriage and family therapy students with the overall goal of making trainees more multiculturally aware. It includes a few examples of strategies designed to aid the continuing infusion of multiculturalism into MFT programmes.
‘Restrain the Lawless Savages’: Native Defendants in the Criminal Courts of the North West Territories, 1878–1885
Authors: Macleod R. C. , Rollason Heather
Published: March 2003

This article examines the imposition of Canadian criminal Law on the native population of the North West Territories 1878–1885. In spite of severe deprivation as a result of the difficulties of adjusting to an agricultural economy, the crime rate among the native population was strikingly low. With the single exception of livestock theft, native crime rates were less than 20% of those of whites. The authors conclude that the Canadian authorities adopted a cautious and selective approach to introducing criminal sanctions. Native dispute settlement institutions remained viable and individuals were able to choose which system best suited their circumstances.
The Virgin Mary and Revolution in Saint‐Domingue: The Charisma of Romaine‐la‐Prophétesse
Authors: Rey Terry
Published: March 2003

Drawing on historical analyses of the role of religion in the Haitian Revolution and on neo‐Weberian discussions of charisma, this article offers new insights into the background of Romaine‐la‐Prophétesse, a religious leader of slave insurrections in Saint‐Domingue whose campaign lasted from the summer of 1791 to March of the following year. Worsley and Bourdieu’s interactionist model of charismatic authority is used to orient consideration of the Kongolese religious and ideological influences on Romaine’s movement and his radically subversive appropriation of the symbol of the Virgin Mary. The article suggests that Romaine‐la‐Prophétesse may have himself been native Kongolese, while clearly demonstrating that his message drew heavily on Kongolese thought, in which terms is his charismatic authority to be understood.
Civilizing Northumberland: Representations of Englishness in the Tudor State
Authors: Ellis Steven G.
Published: March 2003

Taking Northumberland as a case study, this paper explores the wider implications of the Tudor strategy of reform by centralization, uniformity, and cultural imperialism. It reappraises the notion that the growth of centralized government at the expense of regional magnates was unambiguously a form of modernization; and argues that the essential character of the Tudor state and the radical nature of Tudor reform have been obscured by the historians’ practice of viewing developments in terms of the rise of the nation.
The Muleteers of Miravet and their Social and Material Spacetime
Authors: Van Veggel Rob
Published: March 2003

In this paper I analyze the recollections of the former muleteers of Miravet (Catalonia, Spain) on what they marketed, how they marketed, to whom they marketed, and where and when they did so. The muleteers peddled their merchandise during roughly the first half of this century, a period in which Spain transformed from an agricultural society into an industrial one, and thus these recollections offer their perspective on this transformation. This perspective is brought out by a phenomenological focus on how these muleteers, by their practice of peddling, created and structured a spacetime consisting of dialectically related social relationships through which muleteers purchased and marketed their merchandise, and material characteristics of this merchandise.
Inventing Mastery: Patriarchal Precedents and the Legal Status of Indigenous People in Australia
Authors: Miller Pavla
Published: March 2003

The paper discusses some aspects of Aboriginal legal status in Australia from the perspective of survival, transformation and reinvention of early modern legal codifications of household mastery. Traces of masters' and husbands' entitlement to the labour of servants, children and wives, as well as their magistracy over household dependents, not only survive in today's laws and social relations; at times, they have been reinvented in a process which reversed the presumed movement from contract to status. The original dispossession of Australia's Indigenous peoples by British settlers set the stage for a particularly destructive instance of such process. Its legacy continues to shape contemporary struggles for Aboriginal rights.
Accounting Regulation in ASEAN: A Choice between the Global and Regional Paradigms of Harmonization
Authors: Saudagaran Shahrokh M. , Diga Joselito G.
Published: March 2003

This paper analyzes accounting regulation in ASEAN countries in the context of the global and regional paradigms of accounting harmonization. It uses a comparative framework to highlight the similarities and differences in the regulatory environment of five ASEAN countries. The regional paradigm is discussed in the context of the ASEAN Federation of Accountants’ efforts towards regional harmonization while the global paradigm looks at members countries’ adoption of IASC standards. The paper examines forces driving global harmonization in ASEAN and discusses the economic and political conditions for regional harmonization which, unlike in the EU, do not yet exist in ASEAN. It concludes that this has led to the dominance of the global paradigm of harmonization in ASEAN countries.