bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Women with Breech Pregnancy - "Be not Afraid": A Prospective Study
Authors: Schauer Madeleine , Latartara Elisabetta , Alonso-Espias Maria , Rossetti Emma , Gebert Pimrapat , Henrich Wolfgang , Hinkson Larry
Published: June 2021

Background: Breech presentation at term is associated with higher perinatal complications through the increased incidence of cesarean section and complications by vaginal breech birth. The decision-making process between breech delivery, trial of external cephalic version or cesarean section may lead to maternal depression, stress and anxiety. Mental disorder in itself is associated with poorer maternal and fetal outcomes, such as preterm birth, small for gestational age infants, lower birth weight and increased risk for postnatal depression. This study aims to evaluate the level of psychological distress for women with breech presentation compared to cephalic presentation. We hypothesized, that women with breech presentation have higher levels of depression, stress and anxiety than other pregnant women. Secondary objectives were to analyze potential demographic risk factors and comorbidity of psychological distress in breech pregnancy. Methods: The breech study group was formed by 379 women with breech presentation. A sample of 128 women with cephalic presentation was recruited during routine clinical care. Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were ascertained by means of the Depression-Anxiety-Stress-Score (DASS)-21 questionnaire. Categorial data was analyzed with Chi-square or exact test, continuous data with unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney-U-test. Demographic risk factors were identified using a binary logistic regression model.Results: Prevalence of psychological distress among women with breech was not higher compared to those of other pregnant women. Symptomatic depression, anxiety and stress affected 5.8%, 14.5% and 11.9% of women with breech, respectively. Decreasing age was identified as a risk factor for anxiety (p = 0.006). Multiparity increased risk for depression (p = 0.001), for anxiety (p = 0.026) and for perinatal stress (p = 0.010). More than 80% of women with depressive symptoms had comorbidities of psychological distress.Conclusions: Breech presentation compared to cephalic presentation was not associated with higher levels of psychological distress. However, breech pregnancies are affected by symptoms of potential mental disorder. Multiparous women and younger women may need additional support and would benefit from a standardized screening tool for the assessment of perinatal psychological distress.Clinical Trial Registration: Ethical approval (EA2/241/18) was granted by the Ethics Commission of the Charité University Hospital on the 23.01.2019 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03827226)
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Cardioprotective Benefit in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Without Baseline Metformin: An Update Meta-analysis
Authors: Cobo Augusto Lavalle , Masson Walter , Lobo Martin , Masson Gerardo , Molinero Graciela
Published: June 2021

Background: Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) were associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events in cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) in type 2 diabetes. Most of the patients included in these trials received metformin as background therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on major cardiovascular events (MACE) in metformin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: A meta-analysis was performed of randomized controlled clinical trials of GLP-1RAs on type 2 diabetes populations, after searching the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scielo, Google Scholar and Cochrane Controlled Trials databases. The primary endpoint was MACE. The secondary endpoints were cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality. A meta-analysis of time-to-event outcomes was performed.Results: Six eligible trials, including 10419 patients, were identified and considered eligible for the analyses. GLP-1RAs were associated with a significant reduction in MACE incidence (HR: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.80–0.94; I2:0%). The analysis of the secondary endpoints showed a non-significant reduction in all-cause mortality (HR: 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.73-1.00 I2:0%) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.63–1.05; I2:0%). Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, GLP-1RAs reduced the incidence of MACE in patients with type 2 diabetes without metformin at baseline, without significant reduction in all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. These results support the fact that benefit in cardiovascular outcomes is independent of metformin use when GLP-1Ras are administered.
Synthesis of Polymer-based ZnO/TiO2 NCs Flexible Sheets as High Dielectric Materials
Authors: Kanwal N. , Pervaiz S. , Rasheed A. , Saleem M. , Khan Ijaz Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Polymer-based ZnO/TiO2 NCs flexible sheets with high dielectric permittivity and low loss factor have numerous applications in light emitting and energy storage devices. In this work, polymer-based ZnO/TiO2 NCs are synthesized by co-precipitation technique. The development of various diffraction planes (X-rays diffraction analysis) related to TiO2 and ZnO phases confirms the synthesis of polycrystalline polymer-based ZnO/TiO2 NCs. The crystallinity of various phases is associated with increasing ZnO nanofillers. The surface morphology (scanning electron microscopic analysis) comprising of nanoparticles of different shapes is associated with increasing amount of nanofillers. The EDX analysis confirms the presence of Zn, O and Ti in the synthesized polymer-based ZnO/TiO2 NCs. Dielectric measurements demonstrating the sharp increase in dielectric permittivity with relatively low dissipation factor of synthesized polymer-based ZnO/TiO2 NCs are associated with increasing amount of ZnO nanofillers. The static value of dielectric constant (e’) at low frequency (100 Hz) is found to be 14.56 for sample having 10% ZnO nanofillers that is 2.11 times greater than pure PVDF and it shows relatively low value of dissipation factor. The observed σac of synthesized polymer-based ZnO/TiO2 NCs at 3.0×105 Hz and 1.0×106 Hz are ranged from 3.75-9.79 and 15.61-42.72 mS/m respectively. The decreasing complex impedance and increasing electric modulus further confirm that the synthesized polymer-based ZnO/TiO2 NCs flexible sheets are the promising candidate for better capacitive performance showing high strength and flexibility.
Multivariate Optimization of Removing of Cobalt(II) with an Efficient Aminated-GMA Polypropylene Adsorbent by Induced-Grafted Polymerization under Simultaneous Gamma-Ray Irradiation
Authors: Maleki Fatemeh , Gholami Mobina , Torkaman Rezvan , Torab-Mostaedi Meisam , Asadollahzadeh Mehdi
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, radiation grafting polymer adsorbents have been widely developed due to their advantages, such as low operating cost, high efficiency. In this research, glycidyl methacrylate monomers by simultaneous irradiation of gamma-ray with a dose of 20 kGy were grafted on polypropylene polymer fibers. The grafted polymer was then modified using different amino groups and tested for adsorption of cobalt ions in an aqueous solution. Finally, modified polymer adsorbent with the high efficiency for cobalt ions adsorption was synthesized and tested for further investigation. Different modes of cobalt ions adsorption were tested in other adsorption conditions, including adsorption contact time, pH, different amounts of adsorbent mass, and different concentrations of cobalt ions solution. The adsorbent structure was characterized with FT-IR, and SEM techniques and illustrated having an efficient grafting percentage and adsorption capability for cobalt removing by batch experiments. The optimum conditions were obtained by a central composite design as follows: adsorbent mass = 0.07 g, initial concentration = 40 mg/L, time = 182 min, and pH = 4.5 with ethylenediamine as a modified monomer and high amination percentage. The features such as inexpensive adsorbent, easy to prepare, high efficiency, and stability allow the radiated-induced grafted adsorbent to constitute one of promising materials for heavy metals remediation.
New UV Curable Acrylated Urethane-Oligoesters Derived From Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) PET Waste
Authors: Khedr Medhat S. Farahat
Published: June 2021

The glycolysis products of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste represent a potential source for many value-added products that contain terephthalate repeating units in their backbones. Terephthalate repeating units were not attained directly from terephthalic acid due to its high melting point in addition to its tendency to sublime before it reacts. Glycolysis of PET provides an excellent solution for recycling polymer waste and constitutes a substantial starting material for manufacturing materials with high mechanical stress, such as unsaturated polyesters and polyurethane products. In this study, PET was first depolymerized by glycolysis, and glycolyzed products were then dimerized by reaction with toluene di-isocyanate TDI with half equivalence of their hydroxyl groups for the purpose of inserting urethane blocks into the oligomer structure. The remaining half equivalence of terminal hydroxyl groups was modified into acrylate groups by an acrylation reaction. The acrylated oligo urethane ester products were crosslinked with different co-monomers and tested for UV curability and mechanical properties, and they showed outstanding results.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY ON TUMOR CELL LINES AND PRIMARY EMBRYONIC CELL CULTURE
Authors: Kanygin V. V. , Kasatova A. I. , Razumov I. A. , Zavyalov E. L. , Kichigin A. I. , Mukhamadiyarov R. A. , Taskaev S. Yu.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Boron neutron capture therapy (bnct) is a promising method for treating tumors, in particular, infiltrative malignant tumors, due to the selective destruction of tumor cells without damaging the surrounding normal tissues. This type of therapy is based on nuclear reaction of neutron capture by stable 10b isotope. For the successful implementation of bnct, boron delivery drugs that must be selectively accumulated in malignant cells in a sufficient amount, and a neutron source with the energy required for the neutron capture reaction are needed. At the budker institute of nuclear physics, the accelerator-based neutron source was designed with flux parameters allowing studies on bnct to be conducted.

Objective: to assess the effect of bnct on tumor and normal cell lines using borphenylalanine (bpa), borcaptate (bsh) and liposomal borcaptat as boron delivery drugs.

Materials and methods. Human cell cultures: glioblastoma (u87), colorectal human adenocarcinoma (sw-620), human melanoma (sk-mel28) and primary embryonic cell lines were irradiated with a neutron flux at the presence of bpa, bsh and liposomal bsh with a concentration of 10b 40 μg/ml. The short-term cytotoxic effect of irradiation was evaluated using trypan blue. Cell survival 96 hours after irradiation was determined using mtt test, and survival fraction was evaluated using the clonogenic test.

Results. Early cytotoxic effects of irradiation were not observed for all 4 cell lines. According to mtt and clonogenic tests, the most pronounced effect of bnct was noticed for sw-620 and u87 lines, regardless of boron delivery drug used. For sk-mel28 line, the best effect was achieved after irradiation with liposomal borocaptate. For the primary transplanted embryonic line, high toxicity was revealed when bnct was performed with borphenylalanine and borcaptate.

Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that the accelerator-based bnct using boron delivery drugs, such as borphenylalanine, borcaptate and liposomal borcaptat, has a positive effect on tumor lines of glioblastoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma and melanoma.
INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC NEUROGENIC PAIN ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE NO-SYSTEM FUNCTIONING DURING MELANOMA B16/F10 GROWTH IN MALE MICE
Authors: Kit O. I. , Kotieva I. M. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Surikova E. I. , Kaplieva I. V. , Bandovkina V. A. , Trepitaki L. K. , Neskubina I. V. , Pogorelova Ju. A.
Published: June 2021

Since B16/F10 melanoma demonstrated gender differences in its growth in the presence of chronic neuropathic pain (cnp) and changes in the system of proangiogenic growth factors, the aim of the study was to analyze levels of components of the no-system in male mice during the growth of transplantable B16/F10 melanoma in the presence of cnp.

Material and Methods. 66 male mice С57Вl/6 were used in the experiment. A model of subcutaneous growth of B16/F10 melanoma (during 3 weeks) was created in the cnp presence (sciatic nerve ligation). Concentrations of nos-2, nos-3, l-arginine, citrulline, total nitrite, nitrotyrosine and adma were determined by elisa in intact and tumor tissues.

Results. A significant increase in levels of no-synthases was revealed in the skin and tumor tissues in the tumor growth with cnp from week 1, as well as a decrease in the level of total nitrite in the skin, multidirectional dynamics of adma and arginine levels, a steadily increased level of citrulline in the skin and tumor in the dynamics of tumor growth with cnp.

Conclusions. Male mice with B16 melanoma growing in the presence of cnp demonstrated a more active functioning of the no-system already from week 1, compared to standard tumor growth, which might result in a greater rate of growth of melanoma with cnp. Significantly higher skin and tumor levels of citrulline in males were a distinctive feature, in contrast to melanoma with standard growth, which could be the result of inhibition of arginine synthesis and formation of a tumor auxotrophic for arginine.
Investigating adaptive behavior in the foreign exchange market: ZAR versus USD and CNY
Authors: A. Obalade Adefemi
Published: June 2021

This study examines the adaptive behavior of South African Rand (ZAR) exchange rate against its major trading partners, the US Dollar (USD) and the Chinese Yuan (CNY) over the period 1999-2020. The study uses a rolling parametric linear variance ratio (VR) test, nonparametric linear runs test, and non-linear Brock, Dechert and Scheinkman (BDS) test to determine time-varying predictability and regression analyses to assess the effect of market conditions. The results show that the foreign exchange market was found to be inefficient based on the VR tests, but efficient with very few windows of inefficiency based on the runs test and BDS test. In addition, apart from the GDP, none of the market conditions studied is associated with non-parametric linear and nonlinear predictabilities. The study draws two main conclusions. Firstly, the South African foreign exchange market is adaptively efficient. Secondly, foreign exchange market efficiency is primarily driven by the level of economic growth. Practically, it will be difficult for investors to exploit the few windows of predictability in the South African foreign exchange market by focusing mainly on the market conditions studied.
Molecular Structure Studies on Allyl Sulfonamides: Synthesis, Theoretical Treatment and Evaluation of Biological Activity
Authors: Rabello Anderson , Rubinger Mayura , Souza Rafael , Guilardi Silvana , de Lima Guilherme , Tavares Eder , Zanon Édipo , Silva Giovanna , Zambolim Laércio , Ellena Javier
Published: June 2021

Two series of allyl sulfonamides, prepared from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts and primary aromatic sulfonamides, were fully characterized. The Z configuration for the products derived from 2-[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]acrylonitrile (1) and E configuration for those derived from methyl 2-[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]acrylate (2) were confirmed by X-ray diffraction for one compound of each series (1e, 2f). Density functional theory calculations for all allyl sulfonamides agreed with the X-ray crystallographic data. X-ray diffraction studies indicate that these compounds form dimers in their crystal structures. Fingerprint plots show that compound 1e is stabilized by H⋯H, C⋯H/H⋯C, O⋯H/H⋯O and N⋯H/H⋯N interactions, while the compound 2f has no N⋯H/H⋯N contacts. Hirshfeld surface analyses were performed to gain insight into the behavior of these interactions. Calculated frontier orbitals showed that their highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals are antibonding orbitals. The allyl sulfonamides 1e and 2f are among the most active compounds in each series, inhibiting approximately 60% of the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea at 3 mmol L-1.
Vibration of a simply supported graphene sheet with uncertain small scale parameter based on nonlocal theory
Authors: Xie G. Q. , Ni S. S.
Published: June 2021

Small scale parameter of graphene sheet is considered as uncertain one, vibration equation of a simply supported graphene sheet with uncertainty is established based on nonlocal theory. Trigonometric function series solution and interval operator are used to obtain the upper and lower bound of response of the simply supported graphene sheet. the uncertainty level of response for the different dimension is investigated. The numerical result shows that for the same uncertainty level of small scale parameter, the uncertainty level of the response will decrease with increase of the graphene sheet dimension, and a small uncertainty level of the small scale parameter can cause much greater uncertainty level of the response before the small scale effect disappears.
Perception of static magnetic field by humans: a review
Authors: Chernetsov Nikita , Nikishena Inna , Zavarzina Natalia , Kulbach Olga
Published: June 2021

We review the scientific data available on the ability of humans to perceive static magnetic fields with intensities comparable to the intensity of the natural geomagnetic field. It is currently assumed that birds have at least two independent magnetoreceptory systems. Various authors have reported the existence of the sensory ability to perceive the Earth’s magnetic field and to use it for spatial orientation in different species of mammals. The question of whether this ability exists in humans has been raised repeatedly. During the past 40 years, serious scholarly titles have published the results of behavioral studies on humans’ ability to perform homing to their home range by magnetic cues, of the ability to point towards a certain magnetic compass direction, and claims of magnetic modulation of the ability to discriminate weak light flashes. Several research groups have tried to find out whether brain bioelectric activity responds to changes in the stationary magnetic field. Cortical activation following changes in the static magnetic field, which suggested transduction of the changes in the Earth’s magnetic field into neural responses, was found by analyzing event-related synchronization/desynchronization. However, no behavioral manifestation for the putative magnetoreception in humans is evident. All attempts to detect behavioral responses to magnetic field changes in humans have been less than convincing.
A Review on the Effect of Kinesiotaping on Lung Function and Perception of Dyspnea in COPD Patients
Authors: Alsaeedi Mira Abdelaziz Ahmed Salim , Alaparthi Gopala Krishna , Kulkarni Manjiri , Bairapareddy Kalyana Chakravarthy
Published: June 2021

Background:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is complicated by the
presence of frequent and recurrent acute exacerbations. The patients are asymptomatic and stable
in the early stages. They develop weakness of primary respiratory muscles and use accessory muscles,
which lead to postural changes. The forward head posture is very common in COPD patients
due to increased usage of accessory muscles and aging changes. Kinesiotaping application has
been used to correct posture and lung function recently.

Objective:

The aim of this paper is to review the evidence on the effect of Kinesiotaping on lung
function and posture in COPD patients.

Methods:

The research articles published in the major databases including Web of Science,
Pubmed, and Google Scholar, were searched from January 2010 to January 2021 to be included in
the review. Twenty-one articles were retrieved and six articles were selected for the review based
on the inclusion criteria.

Results:

The studies indicate that Kinesiotaping of the thoracic wall in COPD patients has an immediate
effect on accessory inspiratory muscle activity, chest expansion, pulmonary function, and postural
alignment. Further research is required to determine the long-term effects of this special taping
method in comparison with conventional therapy in COPD patients.

Conclusion:

The application of kinesiotaping as an adjunct to conventional breathing exercises in
COPD patients helps in improving lung function, posture and reduces the perception of dyspnea.
Perspective on ‘Phase V’ or Logistics and Regression as Logical Progression
for Community Heart Failure Triage
Authors: Azad Atro , Hanna Fahad , Battersby Malcolm , Iyngkaran Pupalan , de Courten Maximilian P.
Published: June 2021

Congestive Heart Filur is an epidemic and its trajectory apppears to be escaling. Undoubtly
tremendous gains have seen improvement in life expectancy and quality of life, however,
hospital readmissions, resource utilization and health system cost continue to create challenges. In
this short perspective, we raise the prospect of extending the research phases the community and real
world setting. Logistic have supported service supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic
and there are lesson here to be learned.
New Insights on the UV/TiO2 Photocatalytic Treatment of Thiomersal and its 2-Sulfobenzoic Acid Product
Authors: de la Fournière Emmanuel M. , Meichtry Jorge M. , Custo Graciela S. , Gautier Eduardo A. , Litter Marta I.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Thiomersal (TM), a complex between 2-mercaptobenzoic acid (2-MBA) and
ethylmercury (C2H5Hg+), is an antimicrobial preservative used in immunological, ophthalmic, cosmetic
products, and vaccines.

Objective:

TM has been treated by UV/TiO2 photocatalysis in the presence or absence of oxygen at
acidic pH. C2H5Hg+, 2-MBA, and 2-sulfobenzoic acid (2-SBA) were found as products. A 2-SBA
photocatalytic treatment was undertaken to study sulfur evolution.

Methods:

Photocatalytic runs were performed using a UVA lamp (λmax = 352 nm), open to air or under
N2. A suspension of the corresponding TM or 2-SBA salt and TiO2 was prepared, and pH was adjusted.
Suspensions were stirred in the dark for 30 min and then irradiated. TM, 2-MBA, 2-SBA, and
C2H5Hg+ were quantified by HPLC, sulfur by TXRF, and the deposits on the photocatalyst were analyzed
by chemical reactions. The mineralization degree was followed by TOC. Sulfate was determined
using BaCl2 at 580 nm.

Results:

Photocatalytic destruction of TM and total C2H5Hg+ was complete under N2 and air, but TM
degradation was much faster in air. The evolution of TM and the products followed a pseudo-first order
kinetics.

Conclusion:

TiO2-photocatalytic degradation is a suitable technique for the treatment of TM and its
degradation products. In contrast to other organomercurial compounds, TM degradation is faster in the
presence of O2, indicating that the oxidative mechanism is the preferred pathway. A significant TM
mineralization (> 60%, NPOC and total S) was obtained. TM was more easily degraded than 2-SBA.
Sulfate was the final product.
Optical and Electrical Properties of Gold-Silver Nanoalloys Synthesized through Photochemical Reduction using Femtosecond Laser
Authors:   Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Nur Hidayah Affi , Herbani Yuliati ,   Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Published: June 2021

In this work we investigated the optical and electrical properties of Au-Ag nanoalloys in various volume ratios. The nanoparticles have been prepared from gold and silver ions reduced by direct irradiation femtosecond laser. The samples were added into a quartz cuvette and irradiated for 10 minutes. Each sample was observed the optical property where surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak was existed. In addition, electrical conductivity of the colloids was derived from the measurement of the correspond zeta potential by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The results showed that the SPR peak of Au-Ag nanoalloy were shifted almost linearly in between 409 nm for Ag and 530 nm for Au depending on their volume fraction. The conductivity measurement showed that Au0Ag100 (pure Ag) nanoparticles has the highest value and Au100Ag0 (pure Au) nanoparticles has the lowest value, and interestingly, Au-Ag nanoalloys have the values between Au0Ag100 and Au100Ag0. Briefly, this work revealed that both optical and electrical properties of Au-Ag nanoalloys can be easily tuned by regulating the volume fraction between the two elements.
Determination of loading modes for endurance tests of reinforced concrete sleepers on the basis of experimental measurement of their stress state under the conditions of the Test Loop at Shcherbinka
Authors: Suslov O. A. , Ressina N. V. , Portnov A. V. , Novikov A. A. , Mariychuk V. A.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the issue of changing the stressstrain state of reinforced concrete sleepers depending on the value of the axle loads and the requirements for the modes of its bench endurance tests. This issue is very relevant, since at present, in certain sections of the network (directions of the Eastern operational area), due to the high traffic density, the impact on the track increases and the axle load increases. Such a change entails the need to revise the requirements for the methods for determining and confirming the resource of all track elements, including the loading modes of reinforced concrete sleepers during its bench tests. To determine the influence of the axle load, measurements were made of the actual stress-strain state of reinforced concrete sleepers laid on the tangent section of the Test Loop of the JSC “VNIIZHT”. The loading was realized by a running train of 72 cars and a specially formed experimental coupler of a locomotive and three cars with an axle load of 23.5, 25 and 27 tf, respectively. Measurements made it possible to obtain the dependence of the change in stresses and deformations on the change in the axle load, as well as to reveal the rheological features of the interaction of reinforced concrete sleepers and the ballast layer. Obtained measurement results were used as basic stresses and strains for calculating loading modes in bench endurance tests. Purpose of the calculation is to achieve the maximum identity of the stress state when the sleepers are loaded on the bench with its stress state during real operation. In addition, experimental bench loading of a reinforced concrete sleeper was carried out, during which the modes obtained by the calculation were implemented and its stress-strain state was measured. Results of comparing the stress state of a reinforced concrete sleeper obtained during full-scale measurements on the way and during loading on the stand showed their identity, which confirmed the adequacy of the calculated loading modes. The final result of the work was the loading modes for bench tests of reinforced concrete sleepers, taking into account the influence of the axle load value.
Analysis of the canting stability as a factor determining the lateral wear of rails
Authors: Sidorova E. A. , Kurtikov R. M.
Published: June 2021

Reducing the intensity of rail lateral wear remains an important task for industry science. As part of solving this problem, studies are being carried out on the influence of the geometry of the rail track on the wear of rails, the intensity of the force interaction of wheels and rails, the tribological characteristics of the contacting surfaces. The article focuses on the influence on the wear of the geometry of the rail track, namely the rail canting. The definition of the stability of the rail canting has been formulated, which makes it possible to proceed to the assessment of this indicator both in time and in the length of the track section. The assessment of the canting stability over time was carried out on the basis of experimental data obtained in the course of field studies carried out in 2019–2020 on the Moscow Railway. As a result of evaluating these data, the dependence of the change in the average values and the standard deviation of the rail canting in the section on time was built. The average values and standard deviation of the canting in the investigated area are considered in this article as a set of parameters that make it possible to assess the canting stability. In addition to these parameters, it is proposed to evaluate the canting stability along the length of the section based on the canting offset and the standard deviation. The assessment of the stability of the rail canting along the length of the section was carried out using calculations performed in the “Universal Mechanism” software package. As a result of calculations, the values of frame and lateral forces were obtained and an assessment of their maximum and average values at the site was made. This made it possible to answer the question: how does the retraction of the rail canting affect the level of force interaction at the point of contact between the wheels and rails, and, hence, the wear rate?
Railway crane platform stabilization system
Authors: Potakhov D. A.
Published: June 2021

When operating a railway crane in curved sections of the track, derailment of wheelsets of the crane bogies from the rail track when it is displaced during hanging on the outriggers, wheelset of the bogie missing the rail track after the work has been completed or the crane has been down from the outriggers, which significantly affects performance of loading and unloading operations. One of the reasons for the occurrence of such dangerous situations is the not strictly horizontal position of the non-rotating platform of the railway crane.

Railway cranes are part of recovery trains designed to eliminate the consequences of rolling stock derailments. A priority for recovery trains is to reduce the time it takes to eliminate the consequences of traffic accidents, which can be achieved through the use of new or improved devices or methods.

The article describes a system of automatic stabilization (leveling) of the platform of a railway crane (for example, EDK 500/1 crane type) when it moves in curved sections of the track (the motion of a railway crane at relatively low speeds (up to 50 km/h) is considered).

In order to study the modernized technical system (a crane equipped with an automatic platform stabilization system), its mathematical simulation is carried out. At the initial stage, a solidstate digital model of a railway crane in combination with a section of a railway track is created in the SolidWorks computer-aided design system; developed solid model is translated into the Sim- Mechanics MATLAB environment. Further, in order to improve the adequacy of modeling, the developed dynamic model is being finalized by integrating MATLAB program libraries (SimMechanics, SimHydraulics, Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, etc.) to take into account the interaction of elements of different physical nature. Results of modeling modernized technical system are presented, which confirm the advisability of using the stabilization system on railway cranes when passing curved track sections.
History and modernity of the economy of railway transport in the works of VNIIZHT scientists
Authors: Mazo L. A. , Miroshnichenko O. F. , Efimova E. N.
Published: June 2021

The article reflects the most important areas of work and the contribution of scientists of the Department of Economics and Finance of the JSC “VNIIZHT” (now the scientific center “Economics of Complex Projects and Tariff Formation”) in the development of economic science in railway transport since the foundation of the department in 1944 to the present.

Theoretical foundations for measuring the economic efficiency of capital investments and new technology in the national economy were created by the head of the department academician T. S. Khachaturov, and then adapted to the conditions of railway transport by the head of the department Dr. Tech. Sci., prof. A. E. Gibshman, head of the sector Dr. Econ. Sci., prof. N. N. Barkov and their followers. Issues of management accounting, analysis, planning of operating costs, calculating the cost of transportation, calculating the unit costs of measuring transport work are central to the research of the department. Under the scientific guidance of Dr. Econ. Sci., prof. A. P. Abramov in this area of research in the department has developed a large scientific school. In the development of scientific areas for economic incentives and increasing labor productivity and financial management, a great contribution was made by Dr. Econ. Sci., prof. M. M. Tolkacheva. Traditional scientific direction for the department of economics is the improvement of pricing for freight and passenger transportation, and other activities. Theoretical research and practical development since the beginning of the 70s of the last century were conducted under the leadership of Dr. Econ. Sci. A. V. Kreinin, and later — the head of the department Dr. Econ. Sci. L. A. Mazo. Since the mid-80s under the direction of Dr. Econ. Sci., prof. O. F. Miroshnichenko, the issues of the economy of passenger transportation stand out in a separate scientific direction, covering high-speed traffic, costs, marketing, tariffs, reforming the passenger complex.

At present, the staff of the research center continues to conduct research in the most important areas of the economy of railway transport, which contribute to the increase in the efficiency and competitiveness of Russian Railways in the transport services market.
Biopolíticas da Luz nas Cidades Modernas e Contemporâneas: Do Olhar–Luz Disciplinar às Luzes Operacionais de Controle
Authors: D’Artemare Antoine Nicolas Gonod
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, buscaremos explicitar algumas das relações entre luz e biopolítica na cidade moderna e na contemporânea. Consideramos a luz como uma estimulação externa capaz não apenas de atingir e sensibilizar os corpos como também de agir, de diversas formas e em diferentes graus, sobre eles. A partir dessa premissa, nos perguntaremos de que maneira, na modernidade e na contemporaneidade, as materialidades e práticas luminosas do espaço urbano teriam a capacidade de influenciar, determinar, capturar, vigiar, disciplinar e controlar as opiniões, discursos e práticas dos indivíduos. Com o intuito de esboçar alguns elementos parciais de resposta a essa abrangente problemática, buscaremos demonstrar, em um primeiro momento, de que maneira a iluminação pública da Paris moderna poderia ser encarada como uma tecnologia disciplinar. Em seguida, nos perguntaremos de que modo a luz poderia, ainda na contemporaneidade, participar de diversas estratégias de poder. A partir de Paul Virilio (2002), argumentaremos que houve um deslocamento nas estratégias de controle por meio da luz em relação a épocas anteriores. Retomando uma distinção proposta pelo autor, queremos delinear dois regimes: o primeiro, oriundo da modernidade, que se caracterizaria pelo emprego de “luz direta”; ao qual se acrescentaria hoje um segundo regime de “luz indireta”, próprio às sociedades de controle. Desse modo, procuraremos desnaturalizar nossa relação com a luz, no contexto da cultura ocidental, e reconhecer seu protagonismo ao serviço de foto-políticas, termo que propomos para designar algumas das instrumentalizações (bio)políticas da luz. Por fim, analisando obras e práticas luminosas insurgentes da contemporaneidade, buscaremos refletir sobre possíveis estratégias através das quais poderiam ser erguidas contraluzes.
The Derma of Crisis: Imagining Athens in Crisis as an Urban Collage
Authors: Ferentinos Panagiotis
Published: June 2021

A close look at the urban surfaces of Athens during the years of the economic crisis reveals the extensive phenomenon of the people’s interaction with the surface of the cityscape, the skin of Athens. A derma of crises that reflects Greece’s socio-political conditions over this period, and the austerity measures enforced by the official state. This rapidly transformed and ever-changing surface imagery can be recorded and used for reading and further understanding of how the public sphere responds to this period of decline, and reacts to the recession’s strategies of sovereignty. The urgency to document, give prominence to this urban field and examine it as a whole is of pivotal importance, considering the fact that the official authorities (such as the mayor of Athens) have recently taken action to eliminate the urban traces. However, these inscriptions bear witness to the continuous crisis mirrored on the Athenian walls and architectural volumes. Over the last years, there have been numerous scholars and researchers that have engaged with the study of the Athenian cityscape. Nonetheless, they particularly focus on graffiti, street art and slogans, and this engagement sometimes facilitates the emerging artistry or the discussion of socio-political connotations. In contrast to this, this article moves towards the identification of the phenomenon as a dynamic potential of a derma–city skin and does not specifically focus on them as mere details (often intentionally made, e.g. a graffiti). It examines the wholeness, the anonymity, the unintentional activity; how they contribute to the formulation of an urban collage, an assemblage of visual elements that co-exist making Athens a unique case of an over-marked city. The study of various dimensions of this skin and of the virtual preservation means aims to add a further layer of understanding to the urban space as a main field of socio-political connotations during the crisis.
Interview with Hildegard Westerkamp: “Once you Start Listening to the World You Are Dealing With All of Life”
Authors: Oliveira Madalena , Martinho Cláudia
Published: June 2021

Picture postcards are partly responsible for the visual relationship we still have with urban places today. They used to fix images of villages and cities and draw our attention to what can be seen. Cities are, however, places that can also be experienced and described in aural terms...
Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en los precios de la gasolina y el gas natural en las principales economías de Latinoamérica
Authors: Mendoza-Rivera Ricardo Jacob , Venegas-Martínez Francisco
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19, medida a través del índice de fatalidad, en los precios de la gasolina y el gas natural en las principales economías en Latinoamérica: Brasil, México, Colombia, Perú, Chile y Uruguay. Estas economías no sólo son las más grandes de la región, sino también las más afectadas por la pandemia de COVID-19. Asimismo, estos países han mostrado, en las últimas décadas, una demanda ascendente de gasolina y gas natural. Esta investigación utiliza diversos modelos de datos panel con datos semanales (febrero 2020–febrero 2021). Los modelos de datos panel de efectos aleatorios a dos vías sugieren evidencia empírica de que las tasas de crecimiento de los índices de fatalidad, para todos los países en la muestra, tienen efectos negativos únicamente en las tasas de crecimiento de los precios de gasolina; sin ningún efecto en el precio del gas. En esta investigación, el tipo de cambio es utilizado como variable de control por su relación con los precios de los hidrocarburos. Los datos empleados en el análisis son oficiales sin considerar el exceso de mortalidad por la causa específica del COVID-19. Este tipo de análisis en Latinoamérica, hasta donde los autores saben, es novedoso y contribuye a la discusión de coyuntura entre la crisis de salud y su relación con la volatilidad de los precios de los energéticos.
Incorporating Unstructured Patient Narratives and Health Insurance Claims Data in Pharmacovigilance: Natural Language Processing Analysis of Patient-Generated Texts About Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Preprint)
Authors: Matsuda Shinichi , Ohtomo Takumi , Tomizawa Shiho , Miyano Yuki , Mogi Miwako , Kuriki Hiroshi , Nakayama Terumi , Watanabe Shinichi
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Gaining insights that cannot be obtained from health care databases from patients has become an important topic in pharmacovigilance.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to demonstrate a use case, in which patient-generated data were incorporated in pharmacovigilance, to understand the epidemiology and burden of illness in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

METHODS

We used data on systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease that substantially impairs quality of life, from 2 independent data sets. To understand the disease’s epidemiology, we analyzed a Japanese health insurance claims database. To understand the disease’s burden, we analyzed text data collected from Japanese disease blogs (tōbyōki) written by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Natural language processing was applied to these texts to identify frequent patient-level complaints, and term frequency–inverse document frequency was used to explore patient burden during treatment. We explored health-related quality of life based on patient descriptions.

RESULTS

We analyzed data from 4694 and 635 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in the health insurance claims database and tōbyōki blogs, respectively. Based on health insurance claims data, the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus is 107.70 per 100,000 persons. Tōbyōki text data analysis showed that pain-related words (eg, pain, severe pain, arthralgia) became more important after starting treatment. We also found an increase in patients’ references to mobility and self-care over time, which indicated increased attention to physical disability due to disease progression.

CONCLUSIONS

A classical medical database represents only a part of a patient's entire treatment experience, and analysis using solely such a database cannot represent patient-level symptoms or patient concerns about treatments. This study showed that analysis of tōbyōki blogs can provide added information on patient-level details, advancing patient-centric pharmacovigilance.
Machine-learning-based hemiplegic-gait detection using an inertial sensor located freely in a pocket (Preprint)
Authors: Shin Hangsik
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

In most previous studies, the acceleration sensor is attached to a fixed position for gait analysis. However, if it is aimed at daily use, wearing it in a fixed position may cause discomfort. In addition, since an acceleration sensor can be built into the smartphones that people always carry, it is more efficient to use such a sensor rather than wear a separate acceleration sensor.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to distinguish between hemiplegic and normal walking by using the inertial signal measured by means of an acceleration sensor and a gyroscope.

METHODS

We used a machine-learning model based on a convolutional neural network to classify hemiplegic gaits, and used the acceleration and angular velocity signals obtained from the system freely located in the pocket as inputs without any pre-processing. We evaluated the performance of the developed model by means of a clinical trial including a walking test on 42 subjects (57.8 ± 13.8 years, 165.1 ± 9.3 cm, 66.3 ± 12.3 kg) including 21 hemiplegic patients.

RESULTS

The developed model showed an accuracy of 0.86, a precision of 0.90, a recall of 0.99, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91, and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.97.

CONCLUSIONS

We confirmed the possibility of distinguishing hemiplegic gaits by means of a machine-learning model without additional pre-processing or feature extraction, using a 6-axis inertial signal measured at random locations in a pocket, like a smartphone.

CLINICALTRIAL

SCH2016-130
Correction: Key Variables for Effective eHealth Designs for Individuals With and Without Mental Health Disorders: 2^12-4 Fractional Factorial Experiment (Preprint)
Authors: Rotondi Armando J , Grady Jonathan , Hanusa Barbara H , Haas Gretchen L , Spring Michael R , Abebe Kaleab Z , Luther James , Gurklis John
Published: June 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
Evaluasi Penetapan Batas Desa Terhadap Segmen Batas Daerah di Kabupaten Tabalong Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Sukoco Joko Eddy , Sutanta Heri
Published: June 2021

Batas wilayah merupakan informasi geospasial dasar yang penting dan berguna dalam pembangunan suatu wilayah. Kabupaten Tabalong telah melaksanakan kegiatan penetapan dan penegasan batas desa dengan mengesahkan batas desa definitif sebanyak 117 dari 131 desa/kelurahan. Terdapat 51 desa yang berbatasan dengan daerah (kabupaten/provinsi) lain. Berdasarkan hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan, segmen batas desa yang berbatasan dengan daerah lain harus sesuai dengan segmen batas daerah yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Dalam Negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penetapan batas desa definitif yang berbatasan dengan daerah lain pada tahun 2012-2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis geospasial. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi dokumen data sekunder dari instansi terkait.  Metode analisis geospasial menggunakan sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) yaitu teknik tumpang susun terhadap data-data geospasial format digital. Teknik analisis terebut digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan posisi segmen batas, pergeseran segmen batas dan perbedaan luas wilayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat 14 dari 51 desa yang mengalami perbedaan posisi segmen batas wilayah dengan pergeseran segmen maksimal batas berada pada rentang 35 – 4.300 m. Perbedaan posisi segmen batas juga mempengaruhi luas wilayah Kabupaten Tabalong, dimana terdapat perbedaan luas berdasarkan Perbup dan Permendagri sebesar 1.415,63 hektar. Penetapan lebih awal batas desa yang berbatasan dengan daerah lain dibanding penetapan batas daerah serta perbedaan sumber data  segmen batas yang digunakan berpotensi menghasilkan perbedaan posisi segmen batas dan luas wilayah. Berdasarkan hasil ini, evaluasi terhadap penetapan batas desa definitif yang berbatasan dengan daerah lain perlu dilakukan, untuk memastikan kualitas informasi batas wilayah yang handal dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.
Tutoría por comités en posgrado y la nota hipermedia en la reflexión del estudiante
Authors: Aguilar  Tamayo Manuel Francisco , Padilla Arroyo Antonio , López Aymes Gabriela , Guerrero Barrios Jorge
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: analizar las características de las notas hipermedia que se realizan durante las tutorías de los comités y conocer las atribuciones que les dan los alumnos en el acompañamiento de su aprendizaje y reflexión.Diseño metodológico: desde un enfoque del análisis del discurso y sociocultural se analizan como género discursivo 106 notas hipermedia de 39 sesiones de tutoría. Se analiza un grupo focal con estudiantes para conocer sus prácticas de lectura y opiniones sobre las notas hipermedia.Resultados: las notas hipermedia se organizan con el uso de encabezados y de acuerdo con el desarrollo de la sesión tutoral. Se incorporan esquemas, flechas y recuadros para jerarquizar el texto y para conectar la información. Las estrategias de lectura de los estudiantes son analíticas y se acompañan de otras acciones como la comparación de notas, y la evaluación sobre su desempeño en las tutorías. Los estudiantes consideran la nota hipermedia una ayuda a la reflexión y para la toma de decisiones en su investigación.Limitaciones de la investigación: son necesarios otros estudios para comprender de manera más amplia los procesos de reflexión de los estudiantes. El estudio realizado muestra la experiencia en un posgrado y, por ello, sólo es posible generalizar con relación al grupo estudiado.Hallazgos: la nota hipermedia es un artefacto cultural para la mediación del pensamiento y el acompañamiento formativo del estudiante de posgrado.