bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eskers as mineral exploration tools: an annotated bibliography
Authors: Cummings D I , Russell H A J , Sharpe D R , Kjarsgaard B A
Published: January 2011

Eskers are common in Canada, especially on the Precambrian Shield (Fig. 1). They are, along with stream samples and till, one of three principal media sampled during drift prospecting to identify indicator-mineral dispersal trains downflow of mineral deposits.
Esker sampling is a proven exploration method: it has led to the discovery of several kimberlite pipes (Lee, 1968), including the Lac de Gras kimberlite field, home to Canada's first diamond mine (Krajick, 2003). The bibliography compiles key papers on how sediment is eroded, transported,
partitioned, modified, and deposited in esker sedimentary systems1, and the nature of the clastic dispersal trains that result. It was assembled during the writing of a short, accompanying review paper on esker dispersal trains (Cummings et al., in review). All references on esker dispersal trains
we could find are included. To provide context and ideas, we also include some key papers from related disciplines (e.g., dispersal in gravel-bed streams).
Quaternary geology of the Laurentian Channel and the southwestern Grand Banks of Newfoundland
Authors: Cameron G D M , King E L
Published: January 2011

This map compilaton, generated from GIS database, of the Quaternary geology of the Laurentian Channel and the southwestern Grand Banks of Newfoundland extends from Laurentian Channel to Whale Deep. The map defines the boundaries of surficial geology units
(formations) of Quaternary age. It was created from interpreted high resolution acoustic (Huntec) and seismic data (airgun) from the Geological Survey of Canada. Twenty six surficial sediment deposits were mapped . These maps provide an understanding of the geology of the continental shelf in
their portrayal of sediment distribution in a conceptual model framework. This map also includes surficial and subsurface features which were interpreted from sidescan and acoustic profile data.
Digital landform patterns for glaciated regions of Canada - a predictive model of flowlines based on topographic and LANDSAT 7 data
Authors: Shaw J , Sharpe D R , Harris J , Lemkow D , Pehleman D
Published: January 2011

This release provides digital data related to the identification and display of glacial landforms across Canada using remotely sensed and digital topographic data. The work provides a national-scale map of ice-sheet flowlines and flow tracts derived from landform
indicators based on original observations from the remotely sensed data. The data were collected under the Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) project of the Geological Survey of Canada, with funding also from NSERC, and aims to contribute to remote predictive mapping by using multi-scaled digital data
to analyze and interpret existing and new geological data within an evolving predictive landscape framework.
The Flowline Map on this DVD shows directional flow patterns for the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets for Canada south of 75° N. by depicting glacial landforms, flow indicators, flowlines and flow tracts using SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and LANDSAT 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper +
data. Glacial landforms, best seen at scales ~1:100,000 (LANDSAT 30 m resolution) and ~1:250,000 (SRTM 90 m resolution) include: drumlins, flutings, rises, eskers, de Geer moraines, hummocky terrain, Rogen terrain, end moraines, and sinuous ridges. All landforms are presented in digital
form and shown on a pdf map at a scale of 1:5 million. Additional LANDSAT ETM+, and thematic layers are included to help the user appreciate the context of landform analysis and interpretation. The data with readily accessible formats that allow maximum and uncomplicated use are expected to serve as
aids for detailed mapping, mineral exploration, and mineral potential assessment and for other studies. As well, users may integrate and assess this data with their own data. Descriptive notes explain how landforms were mapped and grouped into regional flow patterns.
Arctic coastal dynamics under changing relative sea level and environmental forcing, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Northwest Territories and Nunavut
Authors: St-Hilaire D , Bell T , Forbes D L , Taylor R B
Published: January 2011

Changes in climate variables and relative sea-level (RSL) are ongoing in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). These regional changes threaten to modify the nature and timescale of arctic coastal processes. Further local variables such as bathymetry, sediment
source and exposure to fetch alter the response of coastal systems to changing climate and RSL. Increased sediment erosion, transport and deposition will create a more dynamic coastline. Arctic communities need an assessment of the sensitivity of their coastline for decision-making and adaptation
planning.
Application of GPS heights to Bay of Fundy multibeam data
Authors: Dodd D W
Published: January 2011

Between 1996 and 2009 several different vessels conducted mutibeam surveys in the Bay of Fundy. Removal of the tidal effect and the establishment of a vertical reference were the most challenging aspects of the data reduction process. Due to the tidal range (8 to
16 metres) these effects must be removed in order for the results to be used effectively. Simply establishing gauges and measuring tides is extremely challenging, which makes this environment ideal for the use of GPS heights. Surveys conducted in 2007, 2008 and 2009 observed GPS heights during
multibeam data collection. Surveys conducted prior to 2007 relied on a combination of tide gauge observations and predicted tides. The mandate for this project was to reduce the 2007 to 2009 surveys to a common Mean Sea Level (MSL) datum, and to try to incorporate surveys conducted prior to 2007.
GPS heights from multibeam surveys conducted by the Creed, Matthew, Plover and Pipit in 2007, 2008 and 2009 were used to remove tidal effects and establish the vertical datum. GPS height observations were evaluated with respect to the Saint John tide gauge. GPS Tides were edited to remove sections
where high-accuracy GPS solution was not available. Depths were determined relative to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), as established by the GPS observations. Lines where GPS heights were not available were removed from the process. Depths from each survey were used to create
regular gridded surfaces at a 5X5 metre resolution. All surfaces were compared to ensure consistency in overlap areas and combined into a single surface.
Three surveys conducted by the Creed prior to 2007 (without GPS heights) were included in the final surface. These included surveys conducted in 1996, 1999 and 2006. Initial tidal references were derived from predicted tides. Surfaces derived from these tidal datums were adjusted to the ITRF97 (1997
epoch) reference through a geoid-to-ellipsoid model (Canadian Spatial Reference System [CSRS] NT2). These surfaces were then compared to 2007-2009 surfaces where overlap occurred. Biases between the GPS derived ITRF surfaces and the MSL shifted surfaces ranged between 0.15 to 0.45 m. Sea Surface
topography was not included in the shifting and will be included in the bias value. The standard deviation (1sigma) ranged between 0.6 and 1.6 metres. The high standard deviations can be attributed to the tidal model (Scotia Shelf) used to derive the predicted tides. Surveys conducted by the UNB OMG
using the Heron were also incorporated into the final project.
Rock-Eval/TOC and oil show analyzer data for selected Yukon borehole samples
Authors: Lane L S , Snowdon L R , Obermajer M
Published: January 2011

Over 2000 Rock-Eval/TOC analyses are given for samples from 13 petroleum exploration wells from Yukon.
Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous lithofacies, detrital petrology and diagenesis of the Louisbourg J-47 well, Scotian Shelf
Authors: Pe-Piper G , Brown E , Piper D J W , DeCoste A
Published: January 2011

The sedimentary petrography of the Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic in the Louisbourg J-47 well has been studied from five conventional cores. The core was logged sedimentologically and sampled for petrographic thin sections. Detrital minerals diagnostic of
provenance were analysed by electron microprobe and their chemical composition compared with elsewhere in the Scotian basin and with bedrock in the hinterland. Diagenetic minerals were characterized by backscattered electron images of thin sections, and electron microprobe analysis.
Conventional core shows three facies associations. 1) In the Verrill Canyon Formation, thick blocky mass-transport deposits predominate. (2) In the Upper MicMac Formation, the cored succession is similar to coeval rocks assigned to the Lower Missisauga Formation at Venture and Thebaud. Delta-front
turbidites pass up into tidal channel sands in parasequences that are characteristic of shelf-margin deltas with adequate accommodation. (3) In the Middle Missisauga Formation, a delta-top succession is present in which tidal flat and thin shelf sediments predominate.
Some 60-70% of the detrital quartz is interpreted to be derived from granitoid rocks. Feldspars more abundant in the Missisauga Formation (predominantly K-feldspar) than in the Mic Mac Formation (predominantly plagioclase). Feldspar abundance, lithic clasts, and the chemistry of detrital spinels
and tourmaline is similar to that found in the Peskowesk A-99 well. Compared to the Lower Missisauga Formation of the Venture and Thebaud fields, chlorite rims on detrital grains are strikingly absent in the coeval and sedimentologically similar Mic Mac Formation sandstones at Louisbourg. Quartz
overgrowths are present in almost all sandstones, which also contain early diagenetic kaolinite, likely formed by meteoric water diagenesis. The Fe-silicate precursor of chlorite rims is likely oxidised and destroyed under conditions of meteoric water diagenesis. This study has also shown the
occurrence of diagenetic apatite and sphalerite. It suggests that care must be taken in selecting apatite grains for fission track thermochronological analysis. Sphalerite suggests the availability of hot, saline formation waters.
A standard lithofacies scheme for the Missisauga and Logan Canyon formations of the Scotian Basin and its application to long sections of conventional core
Authors: Gould K M , Karim A , Piper D J W , Pe-Piper G
Published: January 2011

This report proposes a hierarchical scheme of sedimentary facies applicable to the Lower Cretaceous rocks of the Missisauga and Logan Canyon formations in the Scotian Basin. This succession hosts the major gas discoveries in the basin. The eleven facies, each of
which is divided into several subfacies, are: 0 - delta front sandstone-mudstone turbidites; 1 - open shelf fossiliferous shales; 2 - shoreface sandstones and mudstones; 3 - intervals of condensed sedimentation (principally during transgressions); 4 - tidal estuary to fluvial sandstones; 5 -
intertidal to subtidal sandy to mixed flats; 6 - intertidal muddy to mixed flats; 7- tidal marsh lignite or carbon-rich mud; 8 - lagoonal muds; 9 - river mouth to prodelta sandstone turbidites; 10 - highly deformed sediments.
These facies have been applied to long logged sections of conventional core in the following wells: Alma K-85, Alma F-67, Cohasset A-52, Como P-21, Glenelg E-58, Glenelg E-58A, Glenelg H-59, Glenelg N-49, Kegeshook G-67, North Triumph G-43; Panuke B-90,
Tantallon M-41, Thebaud C-74, Thebaud I-93, Venture B-13, Venture B-52, and Venture H-22.
Three characteristic vertical successions of facies are recognized: prodelta, shoreface, and tidal parasequences. The prodelta parasequence is found in both inboard and outboard wells, however it is the dominant parasequence in outboard wells (e.g., Alma and Glenelg fields). Tidal parasequences are
common in inboard wells (Cohassett A-52, Como P-21, Kegeshook G-67, and Panuke B-90) but are also found in wells farther outboard (North Triumph G-43, Thebaud I-93, Venture B-52, and Glenelg N-49). Shoreface parasequences are generally foundwithin more inboard wells including Cohasset A-52, Panuke
B-90, Thebaud I-93, and Venture B-13 and B-52.
This facies scheme is general enough to apply to both inboard and outboard wells in the Scotian Basin, while having enough subfacies to capture details within each depositional environment.
The action of a nilpotent group on its horofunction boundary has finite orbits
Authors: Walsh Cormac
Published: January 2011

We study the action of a nilpotent group

G

with finite generating set

S

on its horofunction boundary. We show that there is one finite orbit associated to each facet of the polytope obtained by projecting

S

into the torsion-free component of the abelianisation of

G

. We also prove that these are the only finite orbits of Busemann points. To finish off, we examine in detail the Heisenberg group with its usual generators.
The Role Of Land Grant Universities In The Global Development Of Youth
Authors: Lindley Dr. W. I.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
An Assessment Of Teaching Strategies Used In Private Pesticide Applicator Education
Authors: Creswell John L. , Martin Robert A.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
An Assessment Of The Level Of Cognitive Performance And Critical Thinking Ability Of Selected Agricultural And Critical Thinking Ability Of Selected Agricultural Education Students
Authors: Cano Jamie
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
The Role Of Virginia In The Development Of The FFA
Authors: Hillison John
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Educational Resources Used And Needed By Adult/Young Farmer Instructors: A National Assessment
Authors: Bruening Thomas , Radhakrishna Rama
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
The Relationship Between North Carolina Secondary Agriculture Teachers' Use Of Time Management Practices And the Quality Of The Supervised Agricultural Experience Program Component
Authors: Warren Ricky J. , Flowers Jim
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Characteristics And Experiences Related To The Leadership Skills Of Agriculture Students In College
Authors: McKinley Billy G. , Birkenholz Robert J. , Stewart Bob R.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Communication Training Needs Of Agricultural And Extension Education Graduates: A Survey Of Association Of Agricultural And Extension Education Members
Authors: Agunga Robert
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Administrators' Attitudes, Policies, And Procedures Regarding Safety In Vocational Education Laboratories
Authors: Glieam Joe A. , Miller Greg
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Agricultural Instruction In The Middle School
Authors: Brown William B. , Stewart Rbert
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Global Perspectives Of Agricultural And Metropolitan Leaders
Authors: Ludwig Barbara G.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
A Three Year Study Of Student Achievement And Factors Related To Achievement In a State FFA Agricultural Mechanics Contest
Authors: Johnson Donald M.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Beliefs And Intentions Of Counselors, Parents, And Students Regarding Agriculture As A Career Choice
Authors: Thompson Jr. , Russell Earl B.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Hearing Loss And Hearing Conservation Practices In Rural High School Students
Authors: Woodford Charles M. , Lawrence Layle D. , Bartrug Richard
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Educational Priorities Of Small Farmers In West Tennessee
Authors: Ford Carey L.
Published: January 2011

The major purpose of this study was to assess the educational priorities of small farmers regarding delivery methods, educational programs, and program activities of the agricultural extension service in West Tennessee. The target population was 408 small farmers from three counties in West Tennessee. Random sampling was used to select 150 farmers, who represented 37 percent of the target population. Data collection was accomplished through a farm visit using a survey questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to determine the internal consistency of the instrument. The composite reliability coefficients were .92 or above. The major findings revealed that there was a greater need for educational programs for small farmers in the areas of crop marketing, soil conservation practices, and the use of pesticides. A majority of the respondents were full-time farmers and 53 percent of the farmers had less than a high school education. Most of the farmers were near retirement age and it appeared that the number of small farmers will continue to decline. There was a strong interest among the farmers that the extension agents place more emphasis on individualized methods to help farmers in solving problems. The following recommendations were made: 1) extension agents should develop educational programs that are aimed at enhancing the technical knowledge and managerial skills of small farmers; and 2) extension agents should place more emphasis on helping farmers improve existing marketing systems.
Examining Cognition Levels Of Students Enrolled In A College Of Agriculture
Authors: Torres Robert M. , Cano Jamie
Published: January 2011

Thinking is a hallmark to success. Literature suggested that students who attended college "knew" more when they graduated than when they entered as freshmen. However, is "knowing" enough? This study sought to determine the cognitive development on three cognition levels of senior students enrolled in a college of agriculture. A random sample of senior students was selected for the study. The Developing Cognitive Abilities Test (DCAT) was used to assess students' cognitive abilities on three cognition levels that are consistent with the five lower levels of Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive levels. The results suggested that latitude exists for growth in the cognitive development of senior students; that senior students tended to do best, comparatively, on application abilities; that cognitive development by gender was similar; and that for students in the study, certain academic majors tended to do better on the levels of cognition. Recommendations are offered based on the results and for future research.
Prolific Authors In The Journal Of Agricultural Education: A Reivew Of The Eighties
Authors: Radhakrishna Rama B. , Jackson Gary B.
Published: January 2011

A total of 309 articles published in 10 volumes of the Journal of Agricultural Education (JAE) were examined to determine prolific authors in the JAE for the decade of the eighties. Prolific authors for this study were defined as those authors who had published five or more articles in the ten volumes of the JAE. Based on this definition, 21 authors were identified as most prolific. These 21 prolific authors were interviewed via telephone to obtain background information, and also determine what factors influenced them to become prolific. In addition, how authors respond to replication requests was also examined. These 21 authors published 151 articles accounting for 49% of the total number of articles published in the JAE. Most authors have Ph.D. degrees and were employed in universities as full professors. Authors identified teacher education, adult education, vocational education, program planing and evaluation, curriculum development, communications and international agriculture as their main areas of expertise. Prolific authors were most likely to be first or second authors. Personal drive, colleagues, graduate school training and advisors during graduate training were factors which influenced them to become prolific. Almost all prolific authors responded positively to share details of their studies for replication.
Off-Campus Study In Agriculture: Challenges And Opportunities
Authors: Miller Greg
Published: January 2011

Off-campus degree programs are becoming more prevalent as universities recognize the need to extend educational opportunities beyond the campus. Students who enroll in off-campus programs differ from traditional college students and face a number of unique challenges in pursuit of their degrees. This study describes selected experiences of former agricultural distant learners with an off-campus agriculture degree program and describesgraduates' perceptions regarding selected obstacles to off-campus study. Results of the study indicate that graduates were motivated to enroll in the off-campus program primarily to pursue a degree, took an average of five years to complete the program, and traveled to campus 20 or fewer times for reasons related to the off-campus program. Graduates of the program indicated that the most significant obstacles to off-campus study included limited course offerings, difficulty in balancing responsibilities, access to library facilities, and program costs. It was recommended that more agricultural courses be offered through distance education technologies to facilitate timely completion of the degree program. Also, it was recommended that partnerships be established to allow off-campus students to complete laboratory activities and obtain academic assistance from individuals or institutions in their local communities.
Perceptions And Practices Of Georgia Guidance Counselors Regarding Agricultural Education Programs
Authors: Woodard James , Herren Ray V.
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions and attitudes of counselors toward high school agriculture programs in the state of Georgia. All 170 high school counselors with high school agriculture program in the state of Georgia served as the population for the study. A mail questionnaire was developed by the researchers from the review of literature. As a group, the counselors were positive about the benefits of Agricultural Education. They seemed to feel that agriculture teachers had a positive professional working relationship with colleagues. Although they were "undecided" about the quality of the local program and about offering academic credit for agriculture, the counselors were varied in their opinions. Correlations indicated that those who perceived the local programs as being quality programs, supported the idea of science credit and the course content as being valuable to college bound students. The same conclusion may be reached in regard to the practices of the counselors regarding the Agricultural Education program. Those who perceived quality in the courses were more likely to place students into the program regardless of the student's future work or college plans. As a group, the counselors appeared to be uninformed about the programs offered in Agricultural Education.
Student's Rationale For Selection Of Agriculturally Related Courses In High School By Gender And Ethnicity
Authors: Sutphin H. Dean , Newsom-Stewart Mhora
Published: January 2011

The literature shows that a student's decision to enroll in agricultural education programs is affected by intrapersonal factors including interests, attitudes, and value systems, as well as perceptions of course content, pedagogical strategies, and career potential. Sociocultural factors, including gender and ethnicity, have also been shown to affect student attitudes, beliefs, and enrollment in agricultural courses is needed to facilitate recruitment and inform guidance counseling and curriculum development. Reasons tenth grade students use to enroll in agricultural courses were examined in twelve (12) geographically distributed pilot high schools in New York State participating in an Agricultural Technology Program. Students rated their agreement with twenty two (22) potential reasons for studying agriculture on a Likert type scale ranging from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree. Comparisons were made by gender and ethnicity. This study showed that student's reasons for enrolling in agricultural courses could be categorized in five conceptual domains including preparatory for job and higher education, developmental skills, academic enhancement, response to social pressure, and participation in activity centered learning. Few gender or ethnic differences were identified. Implications of results on curriculum development , guidance counseling, and recruitment in agricultural education and Tech Prep programs were discussed.
A Model For The Evaluation And Reward Of Teaching In Agricultural Education
Authors: Barrett Leverne A. , Banset Elizabeth , Gilbertson Osmund
Published: January 2011

In 1986, the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), U.S. Department of Education, issued its first call for innovative approaches to solve the problem of reward for teaching in American universities. The FIPSE Board of Directors and staff recognized that the greatest disparity in the postsecondary reward system occurred in research-oriented universities where research garnered more rewards than teaching. They concluded that if teaching in American universities was going to improve, the reward structures in higher education needed to change. This article describes a plan designed to evaluate and reward teaching in the Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication (AgLEC) at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL). It begins with background information about the FIPSE-sponsored project out of which the evaluation and reward plan grew, traces the development of the AgLEC plan, describes each component of the plan, and assesses the effectiveness of the plan after three years in place.
The Importance Of Selected Instructional Areas In The Present And Future Secondary Agricultural Education Curriculum As Perceived By Teachers, Principals, And Superintendents In Nebraska
Authors: Foster Rick , Bell Lloyd , Erskine Noel
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine how agricultural education instructors and their administrators viewed the importance of the current and future instructional areas as part of the agricultural education curriculum in Nebraska. The population of the study included all agricultural teachers, principals, and superintendents of secondary schools in Nebraska which offered agricultural education during the 1989-1990 school year (n=381). A random sample of forty schools were selected from the population. The respondents were asked to rate the importance of topics in both the current and future agricultural education curriculum. No instructional topics were identified as either very important or of little importance in either the current or future Nebraska curriculum. Instructional topics identified by all groups as important in the current curriculum were agricultural economics and marketing and computer technology. In the future curriculum, all groups identified leadership and personal development, agricultural business management, natural resources and the environment, in addition to agricultural economics and marketing and computer technology. The findings of the study support the position that local educators take a cautious and low risk attitude toward educational reform. Of the three respondent groups, principals were the most inclined toward curriculum change.
Relevance Of The General Education Core Curriculum To Career Goals Of College Of Agriculture Students
Authors: King Laurie O. , Kotrlik Joe W.
Published: January 2011

This study determined the relevance of the general education core curriculum to student career goals, as perceived by upper level undergraduate students. The objectives were to determine: 1) the relevance of the general education requirements to student career goals; 2) if differences existed in students' perceptions of the requirement by curriculum grouping; 3) if a relationship existed between age and students' perceptions of the requirements; and, 4) if selected variables explained the variance in student perception of the requirements. The population included all upper level students in the College of Agriculture. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman rho correlation coefficients, analysis of variance, inferential t tests, and step-wise multiple regression. The students perceived the core curriculum was relevant to their career goals and they preferred a core curriculum that was broader in scope and allowed them greater flexibility. Students from various curriculum groupings differed in their perceptions of the relevance of the core curriculum and their career goals. No relationship existed between age and students' perceptions of the requirements. None of the variables studied explained a significant proportion of the variance in students' perceptions of the relevance of the requirements.
Assessment Of The Adoption Of Sustainable Agriculture Practices: Implications For Agricultural Education
Authors: Alonge Adewale Johnson , Martin Robert A.
Published: January 2011

The study sought to determine the perceptions of selected farmers on issues related to sustainable agriculture practices. The study found farmers were positive about sustainable agriculture practices but still had several concerns about some practices within the concept. Farmers were trying several different practices and were open to experiment with new ideas. Most farmers appeared to be at an information gathering stage. The process of education used at this point in decision-making about new practices could be critical for the level of adoption. The results of this study indicated that the process of needs assessment and analysis was required on a continuous basis if information about sustainable agricultural practices were to be completely understood and fully implemented.
4-H Member Knowledge And Perception Of Agriculture
Authors: Frick Martin J. , Birkenholz Robert J. , Machtmes Krissanna
Published: January 2011

This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and perceptions of 4-H members in a midwestern state regarding agriculture, food, and natural resources. Data were collected from 550 respondents but did not constitute a representative sample of all 4-H members. However, the results of this study may have implications for agricultural literacy educational initiatives on a practical basis. Three objectives were specified for this study as follows: 1) to assess the level of agricultural knowledge among 4-H members; 2) to assess the level of positive perceptions about agriculture among 4-H members; and, 3) to describe the demographic variables of 4-H members that may influence their agricultural literacy. 4-H members were most knowledgeable about the Natural Resources and Marketing of Agricultural Products concept areas, whereas the lowest group mean knowledge score was the Plant concept area. The 4-H members group produced lower (most positive) perception mean scores for the Natural Resources and Animal Science concept areas, whereas the highest (least positive) score was in the Policy concept area. Respondents who indicated their farms were between 10 and 50 acres and who had experience in raising plants, gardens, or crops, and who were enrolled in high school agricultural education produced lower knowledge of agriculture scores than those who did not possess those characteristics. However, 4-H members who lived on a farm produced higher knowledge of agriculture scores than those who did not possess those characteristics. 4-H members who lived on a farm produced less positive perception of agriculture scores while 4-H members who indicated their farms were between 10 and 50 acres and were also enrolled in high school agricultural education produced more positive perception of agriculture scores.
The Safety Education Training Needs Of Farmers And Ranchers With Physical Disabilities
Authors: Allen Philip B. , Frick Martin J. , Field William E.
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the perceived safety education training needs of individuals who were farming or ranching with a physical disability. A survey was developed and administered to 1,954 farmers and ranchers who were known to have severe physical disabilities. A total of 627 surveys were returned for a response rate of 32.1 percent. Of the surveys returned, 552 were used in the final evaluation. Slightly over 41 percent of the respondents reported spinal cord injury as their disability and over 30 percent reported either an upper or lower limb amputation. Forty percent had been disabled for less than 10 years. Working with livestock was perceived by the respondents to be the most hazardous task on their farming or ranching operation, followed closely by operation of tractors and machinery. The participants in this study indicated a great need for educational safety training to reduce their rate of injury. They identified newsletters and related resources as being the most helpful in preventing injuries to those farming and ranching with a physical disability, as well as that most helpful system of delivering safety information, followed by farm magazines and the Cooperative Extension Service. Safety topic information most desired by respondents was machinery and tractors, followed by livestock.
The Influence Of Agriscience And Natural Resources Curriculum On Students' Science Achivement Scores
Authors: Connors James J. , Elliot Jack F.
Published: January 2011

Over the past several years, poor science test results have increased the demand for improved science education for American students. New and innovative methods of presenting scientific materials are needed to improve student achievement and enthusiasm for learning science. One solution to this dilemma has been to increase students' interest in science by using agricultural and natural resources concepts to teach science. This teaching method incorporated agricultural concepts of plant science, animal science and natural resources into the curricula to more effectively teach general science concepts and improve students' interest in the subject. This research sought to determine if students who enrolled in agriscience and natural resources comprehend science principles on an equal level as students who did not enroll in agriscience and natural resources. A standardized science test, High School Subject Test-Biology, was used to measure students' science knowledge. The results showed that there was no difference in the science test scores of students who had and had not enrolled in agriscience and natural resources. The variables that explained the most variance in science test scores were the number of science credits completed and the students' overall grade point average.
An Evaluation Of Georgia's Agriculture In The Classroom Program
Authors: Herren Ray V. , Oakley Pam
Published: January 2011

This study sought to determine the effectiveness of Georgia's Agriculture in the Classroom Program.The study was conducted using an experimental posttest only control group design. Sixteen classes of second grade students and twelve classes of fourth grade students participated in the study. A total of 598 subjects were included. An instrument consisting of multiple choice exams was designed for each grade level. The length and difficulty level of the instrument were set by experts in the field of elementary education. The instruments were piloted tested and adjusted accordingly. The curriculum was taught to the treatment group during a six weeks period. At the completion, both the controland treatment groupwere given the exams. Results indicated that the program was effective in teaching agricultural concepts whether the groups were in rural or city settings, or when grouped by ability or randomly distributed. No significant differences were found between scores of second graders whose teachers were raised on a farm and those whose teachers were not. Significant differences occurred between control and experimental groups when all the teachers had little or no agriculture experience.
Higher Order Thinking Opportunities Provided By Professors In College Of Agriculture Classrooms
Authors: Whittington M. Susie
Published: January 2011

Accomplishing higher order thinking requires analysis or understanding of the new situation, a background of knowledge of methods which can be readily utilized, and some facility in discerning the appropriate relations between previous experience and the new situation (Bloom, 1956). Mastering the higher order thinking of which Bloom speaks is one of the most significant activities of life. How are professors in a College of Agriculture performing? A variety of instruments including an aspiration survey, and attitude scale, a demographic form, and an assessment instrument were used in a study of 28 purposefully selected faculty members from each of eight departments/schools in a College of Agriculture to examine relationships among the variables. It was found that professors aspired classroom discourse to be balanced across the levels of cognition. However, a preponderance of discourse occurred at the lower levels of cognition, regardless of the course level or subject area. Do professors desire to change the cognitive level of discourse in their classrooms? As agricultural educators, important responsibilities include educating colleagues on current teaching issues. The issue of teaching critical thinking must be addressed in today's learning environment. There is every reason why agricultural educators should be leading this trend, considering the diverse directions agriculture has taken.
TEACHER PERCEPTIONS OF THE GOALS ACHIEVED BY ADULT ORGANIZATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
Authors: Dormody Thomas J. , Seevers Brenda S. , Clason Dennis L.
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this study was to describe perceptions of secondary agricultural education teachers in the United States toward the adult agricultural education organizations affiliated with their programs. A random sample of 367 teachers, stratified proportionally by state, was generated. Data were collected from March through May 1994 using a mail questionnaire. Usable responses were obtained from 244 teachers. Two (n=96) or one (n=82) adult organization(s) were commonly affiliated with secondary agricultural education programs. Advisory committees were affiliated with 199 programs, often advising on course content, assessing equipment and facility needs, and evaluating programs. Adult organizational goals that were being met by over 50% of all types of organizations included assisting the secondary agricultural education program with public relations, promotion, and identifying community resources; supporting FFA youth activities; and assisting young agriculturists to remain in agriculture. Although the teachers had positive attitudes toward a model of three adult organizations (i.e., advisory committee, FFA Alumni affiliate, and NYFEA chapter) affiliated with their programs, only 20 reported having all three. Agricultural education students remaining in the community after high school graduation commonly received continuing education in agriculture through local postsecondary institutions, the Extension Service, commodity organizations, and Farm Bureau.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COOPERATING TEACHERS' AND STUDENT TEACHERS' USE OF THE PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH TO TEACHING
Authors: Garton Bryan L. , Cano Jamie
Published: January 2011

The purpose of the study was to describe the extent to which cooperating and student teachers used the problem-solving approach to teaching. A hypothesis was employed to test the relationship between cooperating teachers' use and the student teachers' use of the approach. The sample consisted of 15 student teachers and their cooperating teachers. Videotapes of the student and cooperating teachers' classroom teaching were collected and analyzed using an instrument developed by the researchers. Student teachers and cooperating teachers spent less than 20% of their instructional time using the problem-solving approach to teaching. Student teachers spent the most time guiding students in seeking data and information to solve the problem. Cooperating teachers spent the most time gaining and maintaining the interest of students in learning the subject matter. A positive relationship was found between the cooperating teachers' use and the student teachers' use of the problem-solving approach to teaching. It was concluded that a student teacher's use of the problem-solving approach to teaching could be enhanced if cooperating teachers modeled the approach. It was recommended that priority be given to selecting cooperating teachers who model the desired teaching behaviors expected of student teachers.
THE STRATEGIC PLAN FOR AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION: AN ASSESSMENT IN PENNSYLVANIA
Authors: Eaton Dennis W. , Bruening Thomas H.
Published: January 2011

Numerous changes have occurred in agricultural education in an attempt to revitalize and revolutionize the way we teach agriculture. In this regard, the strategic planning process directed educators to move programs toward a more holistic view of the teaching of agriculture. The findings in this study indicate that teachers in Pennsylvania want to develop a strategic plan for the state. Moreover, the teachers indicated there should be a greater alliance of academics and agricultural education. The findings provide numerous opportunities and challenges for agricultural educators in Pennsylvania.
Evaluation of in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon monoxide at Mount Waliguan, China
Authors: Zhang F. , Zhou L. X. , Novelli P. C. , Worthy D. E. J. , Zellweger C. , Klausen J. , Ernst M. , Steinbacher M. , Cai Y. X. , Xu L. , Fang S. X. , Yao B.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. High frequency measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) recorded over three years at Mount Waliguan (WLG), a global background station in remote western China, were examined using back trajectory analysis. Corrections for the drift in reference gases were also included in the data revision. Between July 2004 and June 2007, a time series of CO exhibited large fluctuations and the 5%, 50% and 95%-percentiles of relevant CO mixing ratios were 102 ppb, 126 ppb and 194 ppb. Approximately 50% of all observed data have been selected as CO background data using a mathematical procedure of robust local regression with the remainder affected by regional-scale pollution. The monthly mean background CO mixing ratios showed a minimum in summer and a maximum in late winter, although all seasons were effected by short-term enhancements that exceeded background levels two or more times. The CO data were compared to the values observed at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. Smaller seasonal amplitudes were observed at WLG compared to the Jungfraujoch due to lower winter and spring CO levels, however, episodic enhancements of polluted air were much greater at the site in China. The air parcels arriving at WLG came predominately from the West, except in summer when advection from the East and Southeast prevailed. Transport from the East typically brought polluted air to the site, having passed over populated urban areas upwind. A large number of elevated CO mixing ratios could also be associated with advection from the Northwest of WLG via the central Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and the Ge'ermu urban area where growing industrial activities as well as crops residue burning provide large sources of CO. These background conditions were observed most frequently when air masses originated from remote Tibet west of WLG. The probability that air parcels pass over regions of clean or polluted regions was further identified using potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis.
Explicit cloud-top entrainment parameterization in the global climate model ECHAM5-HAM
Authors: Siegenthaler-Le Drian C. , Spichtinger P. , Lohmann U.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. New developments in the turbulence parameterization in the general circulation model ECHAM5-HAM are presented. They consist mainly of an explicit entrainment closure at the top of stratocumulus-capped boundary layers and the addition of an explicit contribution of the radiative divergence in the buoyancy production term. The impact of the new implementations on a single column model study and on the global scale is presented here. The parameterization has a "smoothing" effect: the abnormally high values of turbulence kinetic energy are reduced, both in the single column and in the Californian stratocumulus region. A sensitivity study with prescribed droplet concentration shows a reduction in the sensitivity of liquid water path to increasing cloud aerosol optical depth. We also study the effect of the new implementation on a Pacific cross-section. The entrainment parameterization leads to an enhanced triggering of the convective activity.
Secondary Organic Aerosol formation from phenolic compounds in the absence of NOx
Authors: Nakao S. , Clark C. , Tang P. , Sato K. , Cocker III D.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. SOA formation from benzene, toluene, m-xylene, and their corresponding phenolic compounds were investigated using the UCR/CE-CERT Environmental Chamber to evaluate the importance of phenolic compounds as intermediate species in aromatic SOA formation. SOA formation yield measurements coupled to gas-phase yield measurements indicate that approximately 20% of the SOA of benzene, toluene, and m-xylene could be ascribed to the phenolic route. The SOA densities tend to be initially as high as approximately 1.8 g/cm3 and eventually reach the range of 1.3–1.4 g/cm3. The final SOA density was found to be independent of elemental ratio (O/C) indicating that applying constant density (e.g., 1.4 g/cm3) to SOA formed from different aromatic compounds is a reasonable approximation. Results from a novel on-line PILS-ToF (Particle-into-Liquid Sampler coupled with Agilent Time-of-Flight) are reported. Major signals observed by the on-line/off-line ToF include species consistent with bicyclic hydroperoxides. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first possible detection of bicyclic hydroperoxides in aromatic SOA.
Decreases in elemental carbon and fine particle mass in the United States
Authors: Murphy D. M. , Chow J. C. , Leibensperger E. M. , Malm W. C. , Pitchford M. , Schichtel B. A. , Watson J. G. , White W. H.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Observations at national parks and other remote sites show that average elemental carbon and fine particle mass concentrations in the United States both decreased by over 25% between 1990 and 2004. Percentage decreases in elemental carbon were much larger in winter than in summer. These data suggest that emissions controls have been effective in reducing particulate concentrations not only in polluted areas but also across the United States. Despite the reduction in elemental carbon, the simultaneous decrease in non-absorbing particles implies that the overall radiative forcing from these changes was toward warming. The use of a 2005 instead of 1990 as a baseline for climate-relevant emissions from the United States would imply a significantly lower baseline for aerosol emissions. The use of older data will overestimate the possibility for future reductions in warming due to black carbon controls.