bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A nationwide assessment of microplastic abundance in agricultural soils: The influence of plastic crop covers within the United Kingdom
Authors: Cusworth Samuel J. , Davies William J. , McAinsh Martin R. , Stevens Carly J.
Published: August 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Agricultural soils are substantial receptors of plastic pollution. Plastic crop covers, a facet of agriplastics, may represent an important contribution to microplastic load in agricultural soils. The authors present a nationwide study of agricultural soils in the United Kingdom, comparing microplastic load between sites where plastic crop covers are and are not used for carrot and potato production. Sites where plastic crop covers were used received a higher microplastic load compared with sites where no plastic crop cover was used. The effects of microplastic pollution are largely unknown, requiring further research to determine the impact on soil, crop and human health.

Agricultural soils are substantial receptors of plastic pollution, with agriplastics potentially making an important contribution to the overall microplastic load to agricultural soils. The intensive use and mismanagement of plastic crop covers, particularly plastic mulch films, nets and fleeces, represent a pollution pathway.

In this study, we have analysed the microplastic concentrations in agricultural soils in 324 samples from 108 sites across the United Kingdom, where carrots or potatoes were grown, using a combined digestion and density separation method. Microplastics were stained with Nile Red and quantified using fluorescence microscopy.

Microplastic concentrations ranged from 1320 to 8190 particles kg−1, with a mean of 3680 ± 129.1 particles kg−1. Where no plastic crop covers were used for potato and carrot production, a mean of 2667 ± 84.1 particles kg−1 were detected. At sites where plastic crop covers were used in the past 10 years, a mean of 4689 ± 147.1 particles kg−1 were recorded.

There was a significant difference in microplastic abundance between sites where plastic crop covers were and were not used (p ≤ 0.001), confirming that plastic crop covers are an important source of microplastics to agricultural soils. Further studies are needed to investigate microplastic occurrence in the environment to better understand their impact on soil, crops and human health.
Integrating deep learning, threading alignments, and a multi‐MSA strategy for high‐quality protein monomer and complex structure prediction in CASP15
Authors: Zheng Wei , Wuyun Qiqige , Freddolino Lydia , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2023

We report the results of the “UM‐TBM” and “Zheng” groups in CASP15 for protein monomer and complex structure prediction. These prediction sets were obtained using the D‐I‐TASSER and DMFold‐Multimer algorithms, respectively. For monomer structure prediction, D‐I‐TASSER introduced four new features during CASP15: (i) a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) generation protocol that combines multi‐source MSA searching and a structural modeling‐based MSA ranker; (ii) attention‐network based spatial restraints; (iii) a multi‐domain module containing domain partition and arrangement for domain‐level templates and spatial restraints; (iv) an optimized I‐TASSER‐based folding simulation system for full‐length model creation guided by a combination of deep learning restraints, threading alignments, and knowledge‐based potentials. For 47 free modeling targets in CASP15, the final models predicted by D‐I‐TASSER showed average TM‐score 19% higher than the standard AlphaFold2 program. We thus showed that traditional Monte Carlo‐based folding simulations, when appropriately coupled with deep learning algorithms, can generate models with improved accuracy over end‐to‐end deep learning methods alone. For protein complex structure prediction, DMFold‐Multimer generated models by integrating a new MSA generation algorithm (DeepMSA2) with the end‐to‐end modeling module from AlphaFold2‐Multimer. For the 38 complex targets, DMFold‐Multimer generated models with an average TM‐score of 0.83 and Interface Contact Score of 0.60, both significantly higher than those of competing complex prediction tools. Our analyses on complexes highlighted the critical role played by MSA generating, ranking, and pairing in protein complex structure prediction. We also discuss future room for improvement in the areas of viral protein modeling and complex model ranking.
Positive psychology and language learning: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Aydın Selami , Tekin Işıl
Published: August 2023

Although emotions are vitally important for achievement and performance in learning a new language, prior research has mainly focused on negative emotions and the cognitive aspects of second language acquisition and foreign language learning. However, the number of studies on the relationship between positive psychology and language learning has increased since 2014. Nevertheless, research is still inconclusive. This study, using a systematic scoping review, aims to analyse and synthesise the studies on the relationship between positive psychology and of second language acquisition and foreign language learning to present implications for practice and future research. It concludes that the use of positive psychology elements effectively enhances foreign language enjoyment, decreases foreign language anxiety, and develops basic language skills. In light of the conclusions reached, implications for practice and further research are presented.

Context and implications

Rationale for the study

Emotions are vital for performance and achievement in the second language acquisition and foreign language learning processes. However, research on these processes has mainly focused on negative emotions and the cognitive aspects until 2014. Although the number of studies has significantly increased after 2014, the results are inconclusive in gaining insight and shaping practice and future research.

Why do the new findings matter?

The findings in the study are significant for positioning the elements of positive psychology in second language acquisition and foreign language learning and may lead to the emergence of a novel language learning approach.

Implications for researchers, teachers, and policy makers

Researchers should focus on the relationships between positive psychology and language learning in different cultures and educational and instructional contexts. Language teachers need to attach importance to the mediating role of positive psychology in their classes. To achieve this, they should collaborate with school counsellors. Last, curriculum developers and policy makers should integrate and implement positive psychology elements into the pre‐service and in‐service teaching programmes.
Assessing the quality of science teachers' lesson plans: Evaluation and application of a novel instrument
Authors: Großmann Leroy , Krüger Dirk
Published: August 2023

Lesson planning is a core part of teachers' professional competence. Written lesson plans play a significant role in science teacher education as a preparation for demonstration lessons during the final teacher certification exam. However, the few existing scoring rubrics on lesson plans are not particularly theoretically sound and are barely tested for the validity of score interpretations. In response to the demand for transparent and applicable criteria, we developed therubric to assess science lesson plans(RALP) to assess science teachers' lesson plan quality. We employed a mixed‐methods approach: First, we present multiple sources of validity evidence (based ontest content,internal structure,relations to other variables, andconsequences of testing) as mainly quantitative indicators for the quality of the RALP. Based upon that, we applied the RALP to lesson plans written by preservice and trainee science teachers (N = 100) and provided a qualitative analysis of six cases to illustrate common patterns in these lesson plans. Results indicate that teacher educators consider the RALP criteria (N = 24) relevant and objectively applicable. Correlation analyses of the scores and two teacher educators' holistic quality assessment of all lesson plans provide convincing evidence that the RALP can discriminate lesson plan quality levels. Moreover, comparisons between preservice science teachers and trainee science teachers reveal that trainee teachers score significantly higher than preservice teachers, indicating that the RALP is sensitive to differences in teaching and planning experience. The application and in‐depth analysis of three criteria of the RALP illustrate these differences in levels of planning quality. We discuss possible applications of the RALP in science teacher education and research in science teaching.
Toward quality education: Contributions of EdTech to the achievement of the fourth United Nations sustainable development goal
Authors: Costa Ana Carolina Ferreira , de Brito Silva Andresa Monique , Espuny Maximilian , Rocha Aglaé Baptista Torres , de Oliveira Otávio José
Published: August 2023

Quality Education (QE) is the fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 4) established by the United Nations, which seeks to ensure quality, inclusive, and equitable education for all. Despite its importance in facing the challenges of society, QE is not offered to the population equitably and democratically, especially to the most vulnerable people and those living in remote areas. In this regard, the use of Educational Technology (EdTech) has been encouraged to improve the teaching‐learning process and promote the achievement of SDG 4. This work proposes a framework containing recommendations for EdTech to contribute to the development of QE. The framework was developed from the systematization of pillars related to the main EdTech categories identified through the content analysis method. The main scientific contribution of this work is the deepening and broadening of the theory that associates EdTech with QE, providing new bases for the further development of research on the subject. This work also contributes to the development and achievement of SDG 4 through the framework with recommendations for democratizing access to education and improving students' academic performance.
Change point detection for high dimensional data via kernel measure with application to human aging brain data
Authors: Wang Jinjuan , Li Na , Meng Zhen , Li Qizhai
Published: August 2023

Identifying the existence and locations of change points has been a broadly encountered task in many statistical application areas. The existing change point detection methods may produce unsatisfactory results for high‐dimensional data since certain distributional assumptions are made on data, which are hard to verify in practice. Moreover, some parameters (such as the number of change points) need to be estimated beforehand for some methods, making their powers sensitive to these values. Here, we propose a kernel‐based ‐statistic to identify change points (KUCP) for high dimensional data, which is free of distributional assumptions and sup‐parameter estimations. Specifically, we employ a kernel function to describe similarities among the subjects and construct a ‐statistic to test the existence of change point for a given location. The asymptotic properties of the ‐statistic are deduced. We also develop a procedure to locate the change points sequentially via a dichotomy algorithm. Extensive simulations demonstrate that KUCP has higher sensitivity in identifying existence of change points and higher accuracy in locating these change points than its counterparts. We further illustrate its practical utility by analyzing a gene expression data of human brain to detect the time point when gene expression profiles begin to change, which has been reported to be closely related with aging brain.
Efficient Suppression of Dendrites and Side Reactions by Strong Electrostatic Shielding Effect via the Additive of Rb2SO4 for Anodes in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqin , Chen Ji , Cao Heng , Huang Xiaomin , Liu Yu , Chen Yuxiang , Huo Yu , Lin Dunmin , Zheng Qiaoji , Lam Kwok‐ho
Published: August 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted considerable attention due to their low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the rampant dendrite growth and severe side reactions during plating/stripping on the surface of zinc (Zn) anode hinder the practicability of AZIBs. Herein, an effective and non‐toxic cationic electrolyte additive of Rb2SO4 is proposed to address the issues. The large cation of Rb+ is preferentially adsorbed on the surface of Zn metal to induce a strong shielding effect for realizing the lateral deposition of Zn2+ ions along the Zn surface and isolating water from Zn metal to effectively inhibit side reactions. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with the addition of 1.5 mm Rb2SO4 can cycle more than 6000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/0.25 mAh cm−2, which is 20 times longer than that without Rb2SO4. Besides, the Zn||Cu asymmetric cell with Rb2SO4 achieves a very high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.16% up to 500 cycles. Moreover, the electrolyte with Rb2SO4 well matches with the VO2 cathode, achieving high initial capacity of 412.7 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 71.6% at 5 A g−1 after 500 cycles for the Zn//VO2 full cell.
Single‐Crystal Ferroelectric‐Based (K,Na)NbO3 Microcuboid/CuO Nanodot Heterostructures with Enhanced Photo–Piezocatalytic Activity
Authors: Im Eunmi , Park Seonhwa , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Hyun Dong Choon , Min Yuho , Moon Geon Dae
Published: August 2023

Developing single‐crystal‐based heterostructured ferroelectrics with high‐performance photo–piezocatalytic activity is highly desirable to utilize large piezopotentials and more reactive charges that can trigger the desired redox reactions. To that end, a single‐crystal‐based (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) microcuboid/CuO nanodot heterostructure with enhanced photo–piezocataytic activity, prepared using a facile strategy that leveraged the synergy between heterojunction formation and an intense single‐crystal‐based piezoelectric effect, is reported herein. The catalytic rhodamine B degrading activity of KNN/CuO is investigated under light irradiation, ultrasonication, or co‐excitation with both stimulations. Compared to polycrystalline KNN powders and bare KNN single‐crystals, single‐crystal‐based KNN/CuO exhibits a higher piezocurrent density and an optimal energy band structure, resulting in 5.23 and 2.37 times higher piezocatalytic degradation activities, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum photo–piezocatalytic rate constant (≈0.093 min−1) of KNN/CuO under 25 min ultrasonication and light irradiation is superior to that of other KNN‐based catalysts, and 1.6 and 48.6 times higher than individual piezocatalytic and photocatalytic reaction rate constants, respectively. The excellent photo–piezocatalytic activity is attributed to the enhanced charge‐carrier separation and proper alignment of band structure to the required redox levels by the appropriate p–n heterojunction and high piezoelectric potential. This report provides useful insight into the relationships between heterojunctions, piezoelectric responses, and catalytic mechanisms for single‐crystal‐based heterostructured catalysts.
Non‐Classical Self‐Assembly of Anisotropic Magneto‐Organosilica Janus Particles Possessing Surfactant Properties and the Field‐Triggered Breakdown of Surface Activity and Amphiphilic Properties
Authors: Lanz Cornelia , Krysiak Yaşar , Liu Xu , Hohgardt Manuel , Walla Peter Jomo , Polarz Sebastian
Published: August 2023

Using colloidal particles as models to understand processes on a smaller scale is a precious approach. Compared to molecules, particles are less defined, but their architecture can be more complex and so is their long‐range interaction. One can observe phenomena that are unknown or much more difficult to realize on the molecular level. The current paper focuses on particle‐based surfactants and reports on numerous unexpected properties. The main goal is creating an amphiphilic system with responsiveness in surface activity and associated self‐organization phenomena depending on applying an external trigger, preferably a physical field. A key step is the creation of a Janus‐type particle characterized by two types of dipoles (electric and magnetic) which geometrically stand orthogonal to each other. In a field, one can control which contribution and direction dominate the interparticle interactions. As a result, one can drastically change the system's properties. The features of ferrite‐core organosilica‐shell particles with grain‐like morphology modified by click chemistry are studied in response to spatially isotropic and anisotropic triggers. A highly unusual aggregation–dissolution–reaggregation sequence w as discovered. Using a magnetic field, one can even switch off the amphiphilic properties and use this for the field‐triggered breaking of multiphase systems such as emulsions.
Ultrathin Serpentine Insulation Layer Architecture for Ultralow Power Gas Sensor
Authors: Kim Sung‐Ho , Jo Min‐Seung , Choi Kwang‐Wook , Yoo Jae‐Young , Kim Beom‐Jun , Yang Jae‐Soon , Chung Myung‐Kun , Kim Tae‐Soo , Yoon Jun‐Bo
Published: August 2023

Toxic gases have surreptitiously influenced the health and environment of contemporary society with their odorless/colorless characteristics. As a result, a pressing need for reliable and portable gas‐sensing devices has continuously increased. However, with their negligence to efficiently microstructure their bulky supportive layer on which the sensing and heating materials are located, previous semiconductor metal‐oxide gas sensors have been unable to fully enhance their power efficiency, a critical factor in power‐stringent portable devices. Herein, an ultrathin insulation layer with a unique serpentine architecture is proposed for the development of a power‐efficient gas sensor, consuming only 2.3 mW with an operating temperature of 300 °C (≈6% of the leading commercial product). Utilizing a mechanically robust serpentine design, this work presents a fully suspended standalone device with a supportive layer thickness of only ≈50 nm. The developed gas sensor shows excellent mechanical durability, operating over 10 000 on/off cycles and ≈2 years of life expectancy under continuous operation. The gas sensor detected carbon monoxide concentrations from 30 to 1 ppm with an average response time of ≈15 s and distinguishable sensitivity to 1 ppm (ΔR/R0 = 5%). The mass‐producible fabrication and heating efficiency presented here provide an exemplary platform for diverse power‐efficient‐related devices.
Significantly Enhanced Energy‐Saving H2 Production Coupled with Urea Oxidation by Low‐ and Non‐Pt Anchored on NiS‐Based Conductive Nanofibers
Authors: Zhong Mengxiao , Yang Junyu , Xu Meijiao , Ren Siyu , Chen Xiaojie , Wang Ce , Gao Mingbin , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: August 2023

Rational designing electrocatalysts is of great significance for realizing high‐efficiency H2 production in the water splitting process. Generally, reducing the usage of precious metals and developing low‐potential nucleophiles oxidation reaction to replace anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are efficient strategies to promote H2 generation. Here, NiS‐coated nickel–carbon nanofibers (NiS@Ni‐CNFs) are prepared for low‐content Pt deposition (Pt‐NiS@Ni‐CNFs) to attain the alkaline HER catalyst. Due to the reconfiguration of NiS phase and synergistic effect between Pt and nickel sulfides, the Pt‐NiS@Ni‐CNFs catalyst shows a high mass activity of 2.74‐fold of benchmark Pt/C sample. In addition, the NiS@Ni‐CNFs catalyst performs a superior urea oxidation reaction (UOR) activity with the potential of 1.366 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 10 mA cm−2, which demonstrates the great potential in the replacement of OER. Thus, a urea‐assisted water splitting electrolyzer of Pt‐NiS@Ni‐CNFs (cathode)||NiS@Ni‐CNFs (anode) is constructed to exhibit small voltages of 1.44 and 1.65 V to reach 10 and 100 mA cm−2, which is much lower than its overall water splitting process, and presents a 6.5‐fold hydrogen production rate enhancement. This work offers great opportunity to design new catalysts toward urea‐assisted water splitting with significantly promoted hydrogen productivity and reduced energy consumption.
Personalized pricing with heterogeneous mismatch costs
Authors: Matsushima Noriaki , Mizuno Tomomichi , Pan Cong
Published: August 2023

Personalized pricing has become a reality through digitization. We examine firms' incentives to adopt one of the three pricing schemes: uniform, personalized, or group pricing in a Hotelling duopoly model. There are two types of consumer groups that are heterogeneous in their mismatch costs. We show that both firms employ personalized pricing in equilibrium regardless of the heterogeneity of consumer groups. If the consumer groups' heterogeneity is significant, the profits are higher when both firms use personalized pricing than when they employ uniform pricing; otherwise, the latter profits are higher than the former. Profits are highest when firms employ group pricing among the three cases. The ranking of consumer welfare among the three cases is opposite to that of profits.
The Power of a 😉: Emojis Reducing Ambiguity in Digitally Mediated Romantic Encounters
Authors: Groggel Anne
Published: August 2023

Digital technology has long provided new ways of initiating romantic relationships as people communicate through text messages, social media, and dating applications. Emojis have been widely adopted as a means of conveying nonverbal cues in digital communication. However, what role do platform‐provided social cues, such as emojis, play in fostering or impeding clear communication and shared romantic expectations from a flirtatious text message conversation? In this study, 713 college students were randomly assigned to read a Snapchat conversation with or without emojis and, they were subsequently asked to infer the characters' thoughts and feelings, clarity of the characters' intentions, and indicate their own discomfort with receiving a similar Snapchat message. The results showed that emojis increase the clarity of the main character's intentions. Moreover, the participants' cognitive efforts, the extent to which they were emotionally affected by the conversation, and the presence of emojis reduced comfort level with receiving a similar Snapchat message. These findings suggest that emojis provide clarity to romantic conversations, which can amplify the interpersonal discomfort of receiving text‐based sexual overtures.
Cobalt Oxide‐Based Electrocatalysts with Bifunctionality for High‐Performing Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Saha Protity , Shaheen Shah Syed , Ali Muhammad , Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M. , Aziz Md. Abdul , Saleh Ahammad A. J.
Published: August 2023

In recent years, the rapid growth in renewable energy applications has created a significant demand for efficient energy storage solutions on a large scale. Among the various options, rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) have emerged as an appealing choice in green energy storage technology due to their higher energy density, sustainability, and cost‐effectiveness. Regarding this fact, a spotlight is shaded on air electrode for constructing high‐performance ZABs. Cobalt oxide‐based electrocatalysts on the air electrode have gained significant attention due to their extraordinary features. Particularly, exploration and integration of bifunctional behavior for energy storage has remarkably promoted both ORR and OER to facilitate the overall performance of the battery. The plot of this review is forwarded towards in‐depth analysis of the latest advancements in electrocatalysts that are based on cobalt oxide and possess bifunctional properties along with an introduction of the fundamental aspects of ZABs, Additionally, the topic entails an examination of the morphological variations and mechanistic details mentioning about the synthesis processes. Finally, a direction is provided for future research endeavors through addressing the challenges and prospects in the advancement of next‐generation bifunctional electrocatalysts to empower high‐performing ZABs with bifunctional cobalt oxide.
Sequential inoculation of flocculent Torulaspora delbrueckii with Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases color density of Pinot Noir wines
Authors: McCullough Katasha S. , Yang Yi , Lindsay Melodie A. , Culley Neill , Deed Rebecca C.
Published: August 2023

Pinot noir grapes require careful management in the winery to prevent loss of color density and promote aging stability. Winemaking with flocculent yeast has been shown to increase color density, which is desirable to consumers. This research explored interspecies sequential inoculation and co‐flocculation of commercial yeast on Pinot noir wine color. Sedimentation rates of six non‐Saccharomyces species and two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were assayed individually and in combination. The most flocculent pairings, Torulaspora delbrueckii BIODIVA with S. cerevisiae RC212 or VL3, were used to ferment 20 L Pinot noir must. Sequential fermentations produced wines with greater color density at 420 + 520 nm, confirmed by sensory panel. Total and monomeric anthocyanin concentrations were decreased in sequentially fermented wines, despite being the main source of red wine color. BIODIVA adsorbed more anthocyanins than S. cerevisiae, indicating a greater number of cell wall mannoproteins in flocculent yeast, that could then result in a later release of anthocyanins and enhance copigment formation in red wines.
Introduction: Theorizing Remittances — Social Positioning and the Making of Migrant Subjectivity
Authors: Meyer Silke
Published: August 2023

Remittances connect migrants to their homelands, manifest cross-border relations, and shape the transnational social field. By doing so, they have a transformative effect on both the place of origin and the destination. Their power to change individual lives trajectories, household conditions, and community infrastructure results from structural inequality in the transnational field. Thus, while generally considered an improvement, remittances also project the global divide into personal relationships and reproduce neocolonial structures. These asymmetries are negotiated through scripts which give meaning to financial and social transactions and assign a social position to the senders and recipients. More than constituting ways of being and belonging, remittances are also ways of becoming. This chapter aims to theorize remittances by exploring the forms of social positioning that accompany remittance scripts and the making of migrant subjectivity.
Remittances and Migrating Spaces in the Context of Turkish, Vietnamese, and Korean Remigration
Authors: Bürkle Stefanie
Published: August 2023

This chapter investigates through an artistic research the aesthetic links between migration, space, and culture. In a visual essay, I explore the social dynamics of remittances through photographs of transnational houses, interiors, and objects in Turkey (Aksary, Kicilca), South Korea (Dogil Maeul, Namhae), and Vietnam (suburban area of Hanoi). All three countries share a history of migration with Germany and remittances have shaped the urban space in multiple ways. A special focus here lies on remittance houses as agents of belonging. Influenced by cultural experiences during their migrant working lives in Germany, migrants have built or commissioned houses in their country of origin. The result is a hybrid material expression of multiple belongings. The single images are arranged into a series, a continuous band of images traveling between spaces.
Remittances as a Game Changer for Climate Change Adaptation Financing for the Most Vulnerable: Empirical Evidence from Northern Ghana
Authors: Musah-Surugu Justice Issah , Anuga Samuel Weniga
Published: August 2023

Emerging discourses in the field of climate change adaptation finance contend that remittances could complement other sources of financing adaptation given their propensity to reach the most vulnerable in comparison to public expenditure. This notwithstanding, fewer empirical studies have examined this claim. Employing an Order Rank Logit (ORL) and multinomial logit structural decomposition models, this study found that remittances influenced smallholder farmers’ engagement in off-farm jobs, irrigation farming, cultivation of improved crop varieties, use of compost/animal manure, and crop rotation, but inversely predicted Indexed-based Insurance (IBI). The study concludes that remittances are vital in financing climate change adaptation and, if appropriately yoked into climate intervention policies, could strengthen and enable farmers fashion out adaptation strategies that present high-medium to long-term dividends.
Postcolonialism, Transnationalism, and Remittances: New Perspectives on “Guest Worker” Research in Austria
Authors: Rupnow Dirk
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores the so-called discovery of immigration during the 1970s and the emergence of socio-scientific research on so-called guest workers, focusing especially on the role of remittances as an indicator of integration. The social sciences were deeply involved in the development of the controversial discourse on foreigners and their remittance practices: they created and reaffirmed patterns of perception, established connections, and tried to offer solution strategies. By historicizing early social science research and combining the perspectives of postcolonialism, transnationalism, and remittances, this chapter sheds new light on “guest worker” research and discourse in Austria and beyond.
‘You Don’t Look Like You Have Dementia’
Authors: Ashworth Rosalie , Fyvel Sue , Hill Alyson , Maddocks Chris , Qureshi Masood , Ross David , Hay Stuart , Robertson Martin , Gilder Willy , Henry Winnie , Lamont Myra , Houston Agnes , Wilson Fred S.
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores different people’s perceptions of dementia. We look at the visibility of dementia and the consequences of being told ‘you don’t look like you have dementia’. The group debates whether it would be best for people to recognise dementia and the ways in which we can raise awareness and educate people. We ultimately wish to reduce the stigma (negative perceptions and being treated poorly) surrounding dementia and those with lived experience.
Can I Trust My Simulation Model? Measuring the Quality of Business Process Simulation Models
Authors: Chapela-Campa David , Benchekroun Ismail , Baron Opher , Dumas Marlon , Krass Dmitry , Senderovich Arik
Published: August 2023

Business Process Simulation (BPS) is an approach to analyze the performance of business processes under different scenarios. For example, BPS allows us to estimate what would be the cycle time of a process if one or more resources became unavailable. The starting point of BPS is a process model annotated with simulation parameters (a BPS model). BPS models may be manually designed, based on information collected from stakeholders and empirical observations, or automatically discovered from execution data. Regardless of its origin, a key question when using a BPS model is how to assess its quality. In this paper, we propose a collection of measures to evaluate the quality of a BPS model w.r.t. its ability to replicate the observed behavior of the process. We advocate an approach whereby different measures tackle different process perspectives. We evaluate the ability of the proposed measures to discern the impact of modifications to a BPS model, and their ability to uncover the relative strengths and weaknesses of two approaches for automated discovery of BPS models. The evaluation shows that the measures not only capture how close a BPS model is to the observed behavior, but they also help us to identify sources of discrepancies.
Philosophische Ansätze zur Erweiterung des fachlichen Spektrums
Authors: Möllers Thomas-Hugo
Published: August 2023

Bisher ging die Technikdidaktik vom Technikbegriff mittlerer Reichweite aus. Dieser Technikbegriff macht keine Aussagen zum „Wesen der Technik“. Die bisherigen didaktischen Überlegungen führten zu der Erkenntnis, dass aber gerade dieses „Wesen der Technik“ für den bildenden und erziehenden Charakter des Faches bedeutsam ist. Aussagen zum „Wesen“ der Technik macht die Technikphilosophie. Diese ist nun zu befragen, um zu einem Technikbegriff im Hinblick auf eine Technische Allgemeinbildung zu gelangen.
ZNS-Tumoren
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 20 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität ZNS Tumore. Dieses ist in die Unterkapitel malignes Gliom und Medulloblastom gegliedert. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Radionekrose
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 27 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Radionekrose. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Myelodysplastisches Syndrom (MDS)
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 3 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Myelodysplastisches Syndrom (MDS). Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapie-empfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Konditionierung ASZT
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 31 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Chemotherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle zur Konditionierung für die autologe Stammzelltransplantation (ASZT). Dieses ist in die Unterkapitel Konditionierung ASZT für Multiples Myelom, Konditionierung ASZT für Lymphom, Konditionierung ASZT für ZNS-NHL und Konditionierung ASZT für Solide Tumoren gegliedert. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
GvHD-Prophylaxe
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 33 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle zur Prophylaxe der Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD). Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Myeloproliferative Neoplasien (MPN)
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 4 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Myeloproliferative Neoplasien (MPN). Dieses ist in die Unterkapitel Chronische Myeloische Leukämie (CML), Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essentielle Thrombozythämie (ET) und Myelofibrose (MF) gegliedert. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapie-empfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Systemische Mastozytose (SM)
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 5 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Systemische Mastozytose (SM). Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapie-empfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Hodgkin-Lymphom
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus
Published: August 2023

Das Kapitel 6 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Hodgkin-Lymphom. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.

Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Challenge to Resume Production of Mushroom Bed Logs by Potassium Fertilizer Application
Authors: Masumori Masaya , Kobayashi Natsuko I. , Tanoi Keitaro , Nihei Naoto , Miura Satoru , Kanasashi Tsutomu
Published: August 2023

In order to resume production of mushroom bed logs in a forested area where radiocesium was deposited, it is important to reduce its absorption from the soil. In this study, we found that aggregated transfer factors of radiocesium in Konara oak (Quercus serrata Murray) shoots were low in forests with high amounts of exchangeable potassium in the soil. Moreover, application of potassium fertilizer to the soil surface increased the amount of exchangeable potassium in the soil, thereby suppressing absorption of radiocesium by newly planted Konara oak trees.
Studies on the Revitalization of Radioactive-Contaminated Mushroom Log Forests: Focus on Shoots
Authors: Miura Satoru
Published: August 2023

It has been more than 10 years since the accident at TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The issue of halting the use of hardwood mushroom log forests is a serious matter that continues to this day among the damage caused by radioactive contamination of forests. Mushroom log farmers and producers strongly desire to resume the use of local logs. To this end, they wish to know the radiocesium activity concentration of the logs in future harvest times. The author has been involved in various studies since 2014, aiming to understand the actual situation and predict future radioactive contamination of mushroom log forests, such as Quercus serrata (Konara oak). This chapter explains the basics of radioactive contamination of trees and the mechanisms and determinants of radiocesium uptake by log forests, mentioning the latest research and commentary on mushroom log forests included in this book. It also describes the identification method of current-year shoots, which has been the focus as an indicator of radiocesium absorption by mushroom log forests in studies so far, and reviews the achievements of the research to date.
Evaluation of the Absorption of Different Forms of Cesium from Soil
Authors: Furukawa Makoto , Yoshida Shuichiro , Nihei Naoto
Published: August 2023

Cesium in soil exists in two forms. The soil in Fukushima Prefecture contaminated with radioactive cesium was classified into two fractions: the fraction of cesium with weak adsorption to soil (F1), and the fraction of cesium with strong adsorption to soil (F2). We evaluated the absorption of Cs by different crops (rice, soybean, and buckwheat) in different soil fractions by measuring the 133Cs and 137Cs concentrations in the soil and crops. We also evaluated the effect of potassium fertilization on cesium suppression in different soil fractions.

Without K fertilization, 137Cs was absorbed mostly from the F1 fraction by all three crops; 133Cs was absorbed mostly from the F2 and F1 fractions by soybean and buckwheat, respectively, and from both F1 and F2 fractions by rice. Potassium fertilization decreased the percentages of both 137Cs and 133Cs absorbed from the F2 fraction by soybean. In contrast, buckwheat presented reduced absorption from the F1 fraction. In rice, the uptake of cesium by fraction did not change with or without potassium fertilization, indicating that different crops absorb cesium from different soil fractions.
Introduction
Authors: d’Abbs Peter , Hewlett Nicole
Published: August 2023

This chapter outlines the objectives of the book that follows and contextualises it. The objectives are, firstly, to review actions and programs adopted by Aboriginal communities and organisations to reduce alcohol-related harms in the half-century that has passed since legal prohibition on Aboriginal drinking alcohol in Australia was rescinded. A second objective is to synthesise evidence from these actions and programs in order to improve the evidence-base available to current and future initiatives. The chapter concludes with an overview of topics explored in the following chapters.
Conclusion: Outcomes and Issues
Authors: d’Abbs Peter , Hewlett Nicole
Published: August 2023

This chapter summarises findings from the previous chapters addressing, respectively, primary prevention; secondary prevention or early intervention; treatment and rehabilitation; local restrictions on supply of liquor; community-controlled liquor outlets; liquor permit schemes; programs for preventing and diagnosing FASD and providing support to affected families, and community patrols and warden schemes. In most of these domains, there is little evidence with which to assess program outcomes; most of the limited data produced relates to implementation processes rather than outcomes. This enables us to identify key factors that enable or impede successful implementation. The chapter summarises these factors with respect to each of the program domains covered. It concludes with a brief discussion of three factors common to all domains: the importance of a high level of community control of programs; the importance of interpersonal relationships among key players, both within Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal domains and, especially, across these domains, and the need, in evaluating programs, to incorporate Aboriginal criteria and ways of knowing as well as indicators grounded in Western scientific frameworks.
Prevention and Early Intervention
Authors: d’Abbs Peter , Hewlett Nicole
Published: August 2023

This chapter focuses on primary prevention—programs designed to prevent or delay the commencement of harmful alcohol use—and secondary prevention, also called early intervention, namely programs targeting those who are already engaging in harmful alcohol use or considered at risk of doing so. Historically, programs addressing alcohol problems among Aboriginal people have emphasised primary prevention, especially through media campaignsand healthpromotion initiatives, and residentialtreatment, at the expense of early intervention. Primary prevention initiatives are reviewed. The evidence base for program effectiveness is sparse, although it is difficult to distinguish the effects of poor program quality from that of poor (or non-existent) evaluations. The limited evidence available suggests that a high level of communityinvolvement, multi-component programs, promotion of cultural connectivity and skills developmentLife skills; Skills training are all factors conducive to effective primary prevention. Initiatives in screeningand early intervention are also reviewed. The chapter describes efforts to embed screeningand early interventions in primary healthcare settings, and the barriers encountered in these efforts. The chapter also examines recent initiatives aimed at surmounting these barriers.
Treatment and Rehabilitation
Authors: d’Abbs Peter , Hewlett Nicole
Published: August 2023

This chapter focuses on treatmentand rehabilitation programs for Aboriginal people—that is, programs and services designed to facilitate recoveryfrom harmful alcohol useand/or dependence and to prevent relapse into harmful drinking. We trace the emergence from the 1970s of a distinctive approach based on residentialtreatment and combining a disease concept of alcoholism with the Twelve Steps pathway developed by Alcoholics Anonymous. This approach has remained widely used to the present day. We also discuss the growth of a variant of the diseasemodel, in which alcohol misuse, together with associated harms such as violence, sexual abuse and self-harm, are viewed as products of unresolved intergenerational trauma associated with colonisation, requiring cultural reconnection and a healing process grounded in Indigenous rather than (or as well as) Western therapeutic approaches. The chapter also reviews initiatives in non-residentialtreatment, support for the Aboriginal alcohol and other drug workforce, and issues relating to the evaluationof treatment.
Case Study of Community-Led Alcohol Restrictions: The Fitzroy Valley
Authors: d’Abbs Peter , Hewlett Nicole
Published: August 2023

In his 2010 Social Justice Report, the then Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, Mick Gooda, described the events behind what he called a transformation from ‘community crisis to community control’ in the Fitzroy Valleyin the Kimberley, WA. Here, we reproduce the Commissioner’s account of the first of two key components of this transformation: the introduction in 2007 of community-led restrictions on sales of take-away alcohol. The second component—the creation of a community-led strategy to reduce high levels of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders(FASD) in the community—is described below in Chap. 8. Both of these initiatives remain in place at the time of preparing this book in 2023.