bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nutrient Management on the Growth and Yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) in Calcareous Soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Naher M N A , Alam M N , Jahan N
Published: June 2015

An investigation was carried out in the calcareous soil of Chapai Nawabganj belonging to the High Ganges River Floodplain during November 2008 to March 2009 to examine the effect of different macro and micronutrients (N, P, K, S, Zn, B and Mo at 150, 50, 100, 20, 3, 3 and 1 kg/ha, respectively) on the growth and yield of cabbage. Application of different nutrients exhibited significant influence on the growth and yield of cabbage. The highest plant spread (70.76 cm), height (37.89 cm), leaf length (37.83 cm), leaf breadth (27.13 cm), head thickness (12.85 cm), head diameter (23.02 cm), marketable head yield (76.53 t/ha) which is 191% increase over control), early head formation and maturity were recorded from the plot receiving N, P, K and B at the rate of 150, 50, 100 and 3 kg/ha, respectively. The treatment N, P, K and S showed the highest weight of loose leaves (640 g/plant) and decreased the weight of folded leaves or head weight, whereas, the treatment N, P, K and B increased the folded leaves or maximum head weight (1894.18 g/plant).  The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 24-33
Inhibition of β‑catenin protein expression by triptolide affects self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells
Authors: Zhou Jian-Bo , Peng Gang , Jia Yu-Cheng , Li Jun , Wang Jia , Nie Shu , Zhang Qiu-Ying
Published: June 2015

The present study demonstrates the effects of triptolide, one of the constituents from Tripterygium wilfordii, on the self‑renewal capacity of human hepatocellular carcinoma. The investigation revealed that triptolide markedly prevented the proliferation of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). For the LCSCs the minimum inhibitory concentration of triptolide was 0.6 μM. There was a significant and obvious decrease in the capacity of LCSCs to form self-sphere. Furthermore, triptolide reduced the sphere-forming capacity of LCSCs along with inhibition of β‑catenin expression. However, the exposure of triptolide-treated cells to lithium chloride, an activator the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, reversed the triptolide-induced inhibition of β-catenin expression and inhibited the self-renewal capacity. Therefore, triptolide effectively eradicates LCSCs through the inhibition of β-catenin protein and may act as a novel agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

 
IMPORTANT VIRAL DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY OF LAYER CHICKENS IN COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Rahman MA , Samad MA
Published: June 2015

Disease profile investigation on 1751 dead chickens supplied from about 100 commercial large or small scale poultry farms of Gazipur district and surrounding area in Bangladesh during one year period from January to December 2002 at the BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre, Nagapara, Gazipur showed that 22.73% (n = 398) cases with five different viral diseases, of which infectious bursal disease (IBD) (n = 196) and Newcastle disease (ND) (n = 181) showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher rate of occurrence than infectious bronchitis (IB) (n = 6), avian leukosis (AL) (n = 6) and fowl pox (FP) (n = 4). Age-wise occurrence of IBD showed highest infection rate in growing stage (82.65%) in comparison to brooding (3.06%), pullet (6.12%) and adult layer (8.16%) chickens. Although more or less all age groups of chickens were affected by ND (1.66% to 50.83%) but it was found significantly (p < 0.01) highest in adult (50.83%) chickens. Infectious bronchitis was recorded only in adult chickens. Avian leukosis was found higher in pullet (66.67%) than the adult (33.33%) layer birds. Fowl pox also recorded only in pullet stage of chickens. Seasonal influence showed significantly (p < 0.01) highest occurrence of IBD during summer (44.39%) in comparison to rainy (30.61%) and winter (25.00%) seasons. Similarly ND was recorded more or less uniformly in all the three seasons of the year with significantly (p < 0.01) higher rate during summer (41.99%) season. Infectious bronchitis was recorded significantly (p < 0.01) higher in summer (63.66%) season while avian leukosis was recorded in winter (66.67%). Fowl pox was found equally in winter and summer seasons (50%). Although IBD was found with other concurrent infection e.g., dual (23.98%) and triple (2.55%) types of infection but highest occurrence was recorded as a single type (73.47%) of infection. ND was found with dual (44.75%), triple (7.18%) and fourth (1.10%) types of infection but specially single infection (46.96%) were associated with high mortality. IB was recorded highest in single infection (54.55%) in comparison to dual (9.09%), triple (18.18%) and fourth types (18.18%) of infection. Avian leukosis was recorded higher as a single infection (83.33%) than dual (16.67%) type of infection. Fowl pox was recorded equally (50%) as single and triple types of infection. It may be concluded that both the single and concurrent infection of viral diseases, greatly influenced by season and age associated with high mortality, should be considered during vaccination programme, diagnosis, prevention and control.
HISTOLOGY OF THE SPLEEN OF INDIGENOUS DOG (CANIS FAMILIARIS) OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Das SK , Alam MS , Islam MN , Awal MA
Published: June 2015

The present research was conducted in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to December 2003 with a view to study the detail histology of the spleen of indigenous dog of Bangladesh. Tissues were collected from the different parts of the spleen from the dogs killed after proper euthanasia. The adult experimental dogs were apparently healthy and disease free. The tissues were passed through different stains (Van Gieson's and Verhoeffs, Bielschowsky's Silver and Potassium Ferrocyanide stains) for detail histological study. The present study revealed that the spleen was encircled by capsule and trabeculae with the internal structures of white pulp, red pulp and sinusoids that are nearly similar as found in cattle. The capsule was composed of collagen, elastic, reticular and smooth muscle fibers. The trabeculae originated from the hilus that usually contained major vessels but was poor in smooth muscle fibers. The white pulp had a fine meshwork of reticular connective tissue containing mainly lymphocytes of various sizes. Meshworks of fine reticular fibers were observed throughout the red pulp in the present study. Sinusoids of the spleen of indigenous dog were of different shapes and sizes and widely distributed within the red pulp and had both arterial and venous communications.
EFFECTS OF LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF GENTAMICIN ON CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: Miah MAQ , Awal MA , Rahman MM , Islam MS
Published: June 2015

The effects of long-term intramuscular injection of gentamicin (Gentin® inj., Opsonin, Bangladesh Ltd.) were studied clinicopathologically on twenty 60 day-old Swiss Albino mice of either sex for 42 days during January to March 2002. All the mice were grouped into four, each consisting of one male and four female mice, of which one group (group A) served as control without giving any treatment while groups B, C and D received recommended (50 mg / kg), medium (75 mg / kg) and double the recommended (100 mg / kg) doses of gentamicin intramuscularly daily for 42 days. All the treated mice produced mild to severe clinical signs, i.e., roughness of the body coat, dullness, depression, anorexia and weakness. At recommended and medium doses the offspring were apparently normal but at double the recommended dose, 10% offspring were died and others were weak and emaciated. No significant gross change was found in lungs, spleen and heart of all the treated groups but the kidney was found soft, flabby and enlarged and the heart was found darker, congested with necrotic foci on the surface. Histopathological changes showed chronic interstitial nephritis in groups B and C following recommended (50 mg / kg) and medium (75 mg / kg) doses while severe glomerulonephritis was observed following double the recommended dose (100 mg / kg) of gentamicin. In liver, histopathological study showed coagulation necrosis following recommended dose, whereas, karyorrhoexis and tissue regeneration were found following medium and double the recommended doses. In lungs, haemorrhage and thickening of interstitial tissues were observed following double the recommended dose of gentamicin in mice. Thus long term administration of higher dose of gentamicin is detrimental to the vital organs.
Lesson study and Learning study – Metoder för att utveckla yrkeslärares undervisning?
Authors: Lundgren Mats , Von Schantz Lundgren Ina
Published: June 2015

För att förbättra utbildningens kvalitet och elevernas studieresultat lyfts ofta lärares didaktiska kunskaper fram, liksom betydelsen av att lärare samverkar och reflekterar över hur undervisningen genomförs och bedöms. Vi argumenterar för att yrkeslärare genom att använda pedagogiska metoder som lesson study eller learning study kan utveckla sin undervisning, men vi diskuterar även vilka möjligheter och svårigheter som dessa metoder innehåller. Våra slutsatser är att även om dessa arbetssätt är ovanliga i gymnasieskolans yrkesutbildningar innehåller de goda möjligheter för att skapa nya perspektiv på yrkesundervisning till innehåll och form och att den på detta sätt kan utvecklas. En annan slutsats är att dessa metoder öppnar möjligheter för yrkeslärare och pedagogiska forskare att i samverkan utveckla ny praktiknära kunskap om yrkesutbildning.
Yrkesfaglærere og elever i et globalisert samfunn - deres utvikling og ontologiske sikkerhet
Authors: Inglar Tron
Published: June 2015

Hvordan er det å være yrkesfaglærer og -elev i et globalisert samfunn? Svarene kan utgjøre viktig kunnskap for å forstå yrkesfaglærere og deres elever, slik at en kan organisere god lærerutdanning og yrkesopplæring. Giddens (1991:14-21) framsetter tre karakteristiske trekk ved dagens samfunn, atskillelsen av tid og rom, utløftingen av sosiale institusjoner og modernitetens refleksivitet. Jeg har valgt å betrakte yrkesfaglærerne i lys av disse fenomenene og har beskrevet ulike trekk ved deres utvikling som lærere og deres ontologiske sikkerhet. Mine hovedkonklusjoner er at de konsekvenser Giddens beskriver som et resultat av det globaliserte samfunnet, ikke preget yrkesfaglærere så dramatisk som forventet bortsett fra at de hyppige reformene i skolen ikke erfares som bare positive. Det var derimot informantenes mening at dagens elever var annerledes enn tidligere.
Yrkesfaglæreren - Ny rolle, nye utfordringer
Authors: Spetalen Halvor
Published: June 2015

I denne artikkelen presenteres resultatene fra en undersøkelse om hvordan yrkesfaglærerstudenter i restaurant- og matfag opplever det å skulle bli yrkesfaglærer med ansvar for å lede yrkesopplæring i brede utdanningsprogrammer. Resultatene viser at studentene opplever det å skulle lede opplæring mot andre yrker enn sitt eget som utfordrende uten at dette innebærer en negativ innstilling. Utfordringene knyttes særlig til manglende kunnskap og erfaring fra andre yrker. Det er derfor en forutsetning at det organiseres et samarbeid med andre lærere, skoler og næringsliv i en skolebasert yrkesopplæring med brede utdanningsprogrammer.
Simultaneous Pathoproteomic Evaluation of the Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex and Secondary Changes in the mdx-4cv Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Murphy Sandra , Henry Michael , Meleady Paula , Zweyer Margit , Mundegar Rustam , Swandulla Dieter , Ohlendieck Kay
Published: June 2015

In skeletal muscle, the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex forms a membrane-associated assembly of relatively low abundance, making its detailed proteomic characterization in normal versus dystrophic tissues technically challenging. To overcome this analytical problem, we have enriched the muscle membrane fraction by a minimal differential centrifugation step followed by the comprehensive label-free mass spectrometric analysis of microsomal membrane preparations. This organelle proteomic approach successfully identified dystrophin and its binding partners in normal versus dystrophic hind limb muscles. The introduction of a simple pre-fractionation step enabled the simultaneous proteomic comparison of the reduction in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and secondary changes in the mdx-4cv mouse model of dystrophinopathy in a single analytical run. The proteomic screening of the microsomal fraction from dystrophic hind limb muscle identified the full-length dystrophin isoform Dp427 as the most drastically reduced protein in dystrophinopathy, demonstrating the remarkable analytical power of comparative muscle proteomics. Secondary pathoproteomic expression patterns were established for 281 proteins, including dystrophin-associated proteins and components involved in metabolism, signalling, contraction, ion-regulation, protein folding, the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Key findings were verified by immunoblotting. Increased levels of the sarcolemmal Na+/K+-ATPase in dystrophic leg muscles were also confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Thus, the reduction of sample complexity in organelle-focused proteomics can be advantageous for the profiling of supramolecular protein complexes in highly intricate systems, such as skeletal muscle tissue.
“Bad Romance”: Links between Psychological and Physical Aggression and Relationship Functioning in Adolescent Couples
Authors: Seiffge-Krenke Inge , Burk William
Published: June 2015

Assortative mating is an important issue in explaining antisocial, aggressive behavior. It is yet unclear, whether the similarity paradigm fully explains frequent displays of aggression in adolescents’ romantic relationships. In a sample of 194 romantic partner dyads, differences between female and male partners’ reports of aggression (psychological and physical) and different measures of relationship functioning (e.g., jealousy, conflicts, and the affiliative and romantic quality of the relationship) were assessed. A hierarchical cluster analysis identified five distinct subgroups of dyads based on male and female reports of psychological and physical aggression: nonaggressive couples, couples with higher perceived aggressiveness (both physical and psychological) by females, couples with higher aggressiveness perceived by males and mutually aggressive couples. A substantial number of non-aggressive dyads emerged. Of note was the high number of females showing one-sided aggression, which was, however, not countered by their partner. The mutually aggressive couples showed the least adaptive relationship functioning, with a lack of supportive, trusting relationship qualities, high conflict rates and high jealousy. The discussion focuses on the different functions of aggression in these early romantic relations, and the aggravating impact of mutual aggression on relationship functioning and its potential antisocial outcomes.
Body Mass Index and Sociodemographic Predictors of School Lunch Purchase Behavior during a Year-Long Environmental Intervention in Middle School
Authors: Greece Jacey , Kratze Alyssa , DeJong William , Cozier Yvette , Quatromoni Paula
Published: June 2015

Modifying the school food environment is on the national agenda as one strategy to improve the nutritional quality of children’s diets. Because few environmental-level interventions have been rigorously evaluated, the evidence base to inform programs and policies is limited. Of concern is the impact that changes to cafeteria offerings will have on participation in school meal programs. This study evaluates school lunch participation in the setting of a year-long middle school cafeteria intervention by examining the association between body mass index (BMI), sociodemographics, and the purchases of school lunch meals. IMOVE meals were healthier choices that met stringent nutritional criteria and were offered alongside standard lunch meals. Students who were overweight had a significantly higher purchase rate for both types of meals compared to those with a healthy BMI. Non-white race, younger age, being male, and low-income status were also significantly associated with participation in school lunch. Results indicate that nutritionally vulnerable students participate in school lunch and are equally likely to buy healthy alternatives or standard meals. This behavioral observation has important implications for school foodservice programs and policies. These results are timely given recent federal legislation to improve the school food environment to influence students’ food choice behaviors.
General Approach for Composite Thermoelectric Systems with Thermal Coupling: The Case of a Dual Thermoelectric Cooler
Authors: Flores-Niño Cuautli , Olivares-Robles Miguel , Loboda Igor
Published: June 2015

In this work, we show a general approach for inhomogeneous composite thermoelectric systems, and as an illustrative case, we consider a dual thermoelectric cooler. This composite cooler consists of two thermoelectric modules (TEMs) connected thermally in parallel and electrically in series. Each TEM has different thermoelectric (TE) properties, namely thermal conductance, electrical resistance and the Seebeck coefficient. The system is coupled by thermal conductances to heat reservoirs. The proposed approach consists of derivation of the dimensionless thermoelectric properties for the whole system. Thus, we obtain an equivalent figure of merit whose impact and meaning is discussed. We make use of dimensionless equations to study the impact of the thermal conductance matching on the cooling capacity and the coefficient of the performance of the system. The equivalent thermoelectric properties derived with our formalism include the external conductances and all intrinsic thermoelectric properties of each component of the system. Our proposed approach permits us changing the thermoelectric parameters of the TEMs and the working conditions of the composite system. Furthermore, our analysis shows the effect of the number of thermocouples on the system. These considerations are very useful for the design of thermoelectric composite systems. We reproduce the qualitative behavior of a commercial composite TEM connected electrically in series.
A Ni-Doped Carbon Nanotube Sensor for Detecting Oil-Dissolved Gases in Transformers
Authors: Lu Jia , Zhang Xiaoxing , Wu Xiaoqing , Dai Ziqiang , Zhang Jinbin
Published: June 2015

C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 are important oil-dissolved gases in power transformers. Detection of the composition and content of oil-dissolved gases in transformers is very significant in the diagnosis and assessment of the state of transformer operations. The commonly used oil-gas analysis methods have many disadvantages, so this paper proposes a Ni-doped carbon nanotube (Ni-CNT) gas sensor to effectively detect oil-dissolved gases in a transformer. The gas-sensing properties of the sensor to C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 were studied using the test device. Based on the density functional theory (DFT) the adsorption behaviors of the three gases on intrinsic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Ni-CNTs were calculated. The adsorption energy, charge transfer, and molecular frontier orbital of the adsorption system were also analyzed. Results showed that the sensitivity of the CNT sensor to the three kinds of gases was in the following order: C2H2 > C2H4 > C2H6. Moreover, the doped Ni improved the sensor response, and the sensor response and gas concentration have a good linear relationship.
Detection Wavelength Control of Uncooled Infrared Sensors Using Two-Dimensional Lattice Plasmonic Absorbers
Authors: Takagawa Yousuke , Ogawa Shinpei , Kimata Masafumi
Published: June 2015

Wavelength-selective uncooled infrared (IR) sensors are highly promising for a wide range of applications, such as fire detection, gas analysis and biomedical analysis. We have recently developed wavelength-selective uncooled IR sensors using square lattice two-dimensional plasmonic absorbers (2-D PLAs). The PLAs consist of a periodic 2-D lattice of Au-based dimples, which allow photons to be manipulated using surface plasmon modes. In the present study, a detailed investigation into control of the detection wavelength was conducted by varying the PLA lattice structure. A comparison was made between wavelength-selective uncooled IR sensors with triangular and square PLA lattices that were fabricated using complementary metal oxide semiconductor and micromachining techniques. Selective enhancement of the responsivity could be achieved, and the detection wavelength for the triangular lattice was shorter than that for the square lattice. The results indicate that the detection wavelength is determined by the reciprocal-lattice vector for the PLAs. The ability to control the detection wavelength in this manner enables the application of such PLAs to many types of thermal IR sensors. The results obtained here represent an important step towards multi-color imaging in the IR region.
Analysis of lactate concentrations in canine synovial fluid
Authors: Vicente F. de. , Sheahan D. E. , Proot J. L. J.
Published: June 2015

Objective: To report synovial fluid lactate concentrations in normal and pathological canine joints.

Study design: Controlled, prospective study.

Methods: Lactate was measured in synovial fluid using a hand-held meter and the rest of the fluid was sent to a commercial laboratory for analysis. Samples were divided into four groups; group 1: control, group 2: osteoarthritis, group 3: immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis, and group 4: septic arthritis. Statistical analysis was performed to compare lactate concentrations between the four groups and to examine the predictive value of lactate in the diagnosis of septic arthritis. A correlation was sought between synovial fluid lactate and synovial fluid total nucleated cell count and total protein.

Results: Seventy-four samples were investigated from 55 dogs. Statistical analysis found that lactate concentrations were significantly higher in the septic arthritis group than in each of the other three groups. No significant correlation could be found between synovial fluid lactate concentrations and synovial fluid total nucleated cell count or synovial fluid total protein. Lactate concentration was found to be a useful predictor of septic arthritis, with a low concentration pointing towards exclusion rather than a high concentration to the diagnosis of septic arthritis.

Clinical significance: Synovial fluid lactate concentration is not a good marker for osteoarthritis or immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis, but it is significantly increased in septic arthritis and could help the clinician in ruling out this condition in a quick and cost-effective way.
Seasonal changes in physiological performance in wild Clarkia xantiana populations: Implications for the evolution of a compressed life cycle and self‐fertilization
Authors: Dudley Leah S. , Hove Alisa A. , Emms Simon K. , Verhoeven Amy S. , Mazer Susan J.
Published: June 2015

• Premise of the study: One explanation for the evolution of selfing, the drought escape hypothesis, proposes that self‐fertilization may evolve under conditions of intensifying seasonal drought as part of a suite of traits that enable plants to accelerate the completion of their life cycle, thereby escaping late‐season drought. Here, we test two fundamental assumptions of this hypothesis in Clarkia xantiana: (1) that a seasonal decline in precipitation causes an increase in drought stress and (2) that this results in changes in physiological performance, reflecting these deteriorating conditions.

• Methods: We examined seasonal and interannual variation in abiotic environmental conditions (estimated by ambient temperature, relative humidity, predawn leaf water potentials, and carbon isotope ratios) and physiological traits (photosynthesis, conductance, transpiration, instantaneous water‐use efficiency, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, quantum yield of photosystem II, PSII potential efficiency) in field populations of C. xantiana in 2009 and 2010.

• Key results: In both years, plants experienced intensifying drought across the growing season. Gas exchange rates decreased over the growing season and were lower in 2009 (a relatively dry year) than in 2010, suggesting that the temporal changes from early to late spring were directly linked to the deteriorating environmental conditions.

• Conclusions: Seasonal declines in transpiration rate may have increased survival by protecting plants from desiccation. Concomitant declines in photosynthetic rate likely reduced the availability of resources for seed production late in the season. Thus, the physiological patterns observed are consistent with the conditions required for the drought escape hypothesis.
Highly selective palladium–benzothiazole carbene-catalyzed allylation of active methylene compounds under neutral conditions
Authors: Monopoli Antonio , Cotugno Pietro , Zambonin Carlo Giorgio , Ciminale Francesco , Nacci Angelo
Published: June 2015

The Pd–benzothiazol-2-ylidene complex I was found to be a chemoselective catalyst for the Tsuji–Trost allylation of active methylene compounds carried out under neutral conditions and using carbonates as allylating agents. The proposed protocol consists in a simplified procedure adopting an in situ prepared catalyst from Pd2dba3 and 3-methylbenzothiazolium salt V as precursors. A comparison of the performance of benzothiazole carbene with phosphanes and an analogous imidazolium carbene ligand is also proposed.
Surgical Treatment of Residual Osgood-Schlatter Disease in Young Adults: Role of the Mobile Osseous Fragment
Authors: Nierenberg Gabriel , Falah Mazen , Keren Yaniv , Eidelman Mark
Published: June 2015

Osgood-Schlatter disease is a well-known condition in late childhood characterized by pain over the tibial tubercle. This condition usually resolves spontaneously at skeletal maturity. Few patients develop pain over the tibial tubercle. Radiological examination demonstrates a round regular ossification over the tubercle. Treatment is usually symptomatic, but occasionally surgical treatment is necessary, usually due to the development of a painful ossicle.

This article reports our experience with refractory Osgood-Schlatter disease in 22 patients. Most patients were operated under local anesthesia. A midline longitudinal skin incision was used, followed by subperiosteal dissection of the osseous fragment. The knee was put in soft dressing. Patients were encouraged to resume daily activity immediately postoperatively. No wound complications were noted. All patients returned to their previous level of physical activity within 12 weeks postoperatively. All but 1 were free of pain on kneeling or direct pressure over the knee joint.

Based on our experience, we devised a treatment algorithm. We believe that the key factors for successful surgical treatment are clear visualization of separation on lateral knee radiographic view and a clinical mobility positive test (firm grasping of the prominent part of the tubercle and its sliding movement). Our results are uniformly good; the only failure related to mistaken inclusion criteria where the lateral radiograph did not show a distinctly separated fragment.
The Use of Near-Infrared Spectrometry for the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Bariteau Jason T. , Beutel Bryan G. , Kamal Robin , Hayda Roman , Born Christopher
Published: June 2015

While intracompartmental pressure monitoring is a widely used diagnostic tool to measure intracompartmental pressures in the setting of compartment syndrome, its invasive nature has prompted the development of noninvasive techniques, such as near-infrared spectrometry. We prospectively assessed the association between tissue oxygen saturation measured by near-infrared spectrometry and compartment pressure measured by intracompartmental pressure monitoring in a cohort of patients with compartment syndrome of the lower extremity. We hypothesized that tissue oxygen saturation measured by near-infrared spectrometry would negatively correlate with intracompartmental pressures.

Tissue oxygen saturation was determined for all 4 compartments of the lower extremity in 7 patients using near-infrared spectrometry. All patients subsequently underwent lower-extremity fasciotomies. Mechanism of injury, compartment pressures, blood pressure, near-infrared spectrometry measurement of tissue oxygen saturation, and characteristics of the muscle at the time of fasciotomy were recorded. The strength of the correlations between tissue oxygen saturation and absolute and relative compartment pressures was estimated based on mixed linear (growth) models with repeated observations nested within patients.

Our analyses demonstrated no significant relationship between tissue oxygen saturation measured by near-infrared spectrometry and the absolute or relative compartment pressures. This suggests that compartment tissue oxygen saturation measurements by near-infrared spectrometry do not correlate with the diagnosis of compartment syndrome, and that near-infrared spectrometry would not serve as a reliable diagnostic tool.
Sesamoid Arthritis Mimicking Trigger Thumb
Authors: Kim Ji Yeong , Sung Jung Hwan , Seo Jeong Gook
Published: June 2015

This article presents a case of undiagnosed sesamoid arthritis with coexisting trigger thumb. A 25-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of metacarpophalangeal joint pain and triggering of the thumb. She was a right-handed bank employee and recalled a trivial thumb sprain. The pain improved slightly while on medication, but the triggering recurred 1 month after the steroid injection. Six months after the first visit, she underwent A1 pulley release surgery for the triggering without a more detailed evaluation such as radiographs or sonographs. Intraoperatively, no definite abnormalities in the fibrous flexor sheath or flexor tendon were observed. The triggering resolved, but the pain persisted. One month postoperatively, a repeat physical examination was performed, and the painful region was localized to the radial sesamoid area. Radiography was then performed, which showed joint space narrowing of the sesamoid metacarpal head and sclerotic changes and spur formation on the metacarpal head. An additional diagnosis of sesamoid arthritis of the thumb was made and the pain finally resolved as a result of the sesamoidectomy.

Orthopedic surgeons often overlook pathologies around the metacarpophalangeal joint, especially those related to triggering. A high index of suspicion and clinical findings consistent with intermittent mechanical obstruction and tenderness in the palmar aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint warrant inclusion of sesamoid arthritis as a differential diagnosis for metacarpophalangeal joint pathology. Detailed physical examinations should be performed and proper radiographs taken in all patients with tenderness in the metacarpophalangeal joint even if triggering of the thumb is present.
An Interprofessional Consensus of Core Competencies for Prelicensure Education in Pain Management: Curriculum Application for Nursing
Authors: Herr Keela , Marie Barbara St. , Gordon Debra B. , Paice Judith A. , Watt-Watson Judy , Stevens Bonnie J. , Bakerjian Debra , Young Heather M.
Published: June 2015

Background:

Ineffective assessment and management of pain is a significant problem. A gap in prelicensure health science program pain content has been identified for the improvement of pain care in the United States.

Method:

Through consensus processes, an expert panel of nurses, who participated in the interdisciplinary development of core competencies in pain management for prelicensure health professional education, developed recommendations to address the gap in nursing curricula.

Results:

Challenges and incentives for implementation of pain competencies in nursing education are discussed, and specific recommendations for how to incorporate the competencies into entry-level nursing curricula are provided.

Conclusion:

Embedding pain management core competencies into prelicensure nursing education is crucial to ensure that nurses have the essential knowledge and skills to effectively manage pain and to serve as a foundation on which clinical practice skills can be later honed. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(6):317–327.]
Staff and Students Views on Industry-University Collaboration in Engineering
Authors: Chandraseakaran Sivachandran , Littlefair Guy , Stojcevski Alex
Published: June 2015

The university-learning environment in engineering is not sufficient for students to become engineers. The practical role of engineering is working on real world problems in an industry environment. Industry-university collaboration seems to be actively increasing in the development of engineering education in various parts of the globe. The close relationship between industry and university is a vital component of engineering pedagogy in Australia. This research paper is focuses on analyzing staff and students views on industry-university collaboration in engineering. The staff and students are playing vital role in industry-university collaboration. It is always worth analyzing staff and students’ views about their experience on industry-university collaboration. This research inclined to conduct a paper based survey with a cohort of students in second year undergraduate engineering course and also conduct face-to-face interview with staff members in the School of Engineering at Deakin University.
Response of Armour Plate Subjected to Blast Loading Based on Analytical Model of Second Order Single Degree of Freedom
Authors: Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi , Koslan Md Fuad Shah , Mohd Zaid Othman
Published: June 2015

The rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) plate is commonly used for armoured vehicle skin. Preliminary predictions of the deflections from RHA plate subjected to blast loading is important for establishing guidelines before it is used in vehicle skin. The goal of this work is a reliable technique for predicting the RHA plate response subjected to blast loading, and the empirical result performed by other researchers will be taken as a reference. Based on selected references, a small number of assumptions lead to the developed Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) idealised models. This paper provides an analytical prediction for the RHA plate response using SDOF in one dimension (1D) approach. The analytical capability was subsequently verified using the non-linear fluid structure interaction (FSI) numerical simulation and the AUTODYN computer code. The midpoint deflections of the RHA plate were taken as the figure of merit. Based on the small error percentage and the support of strong analytical arguments, the second order SDOF analytical approach and numerical simulation using the AUTODYN computer code can be employed as a method of analysis.
Effect of Aluminium and Silicon to IMC Formation in Low Ag-SAC Solder
Authors: Kamarudin Maslinda , Anasyida Abu Seman , Mohd Sharif Nurulakmal
Published: June 2015

The effect of Al and Si addition on IMC formation at the solder and Cu substrate interface was investigated. The compositions of the solder alloy used are Sn-0.3 wt.% Ag-0.5 wt.% Cu (SAC0305), SAC0305-1 wt.% Al (SAC0305-1Al), SAC0305-2 wt.% Al (SAC0305-2Al) and SAC0305-2 wt.% Al-2 wt.% Si (SAC0305-2Al-2Si). Solder alloys were prepared by casting process. Melting temperature of each solder alloys was determined using DSC. Reflow process of the solder alloys were carried out at 260 oC on Cu substrate. Morphology of the intermetallic compound (IMC) formed at the solder joint was observed using Fe-SEM equipped with EDX. The addition of Al and Si reduced the thickness of IMC layer formed at the solder joint. The addition of 1.0 wt.% Al formed planar shape of IMC while the addition of 2.0 wt.% Al and 2.0 wt.% Al with 2.0 wt.% Si formed scallop shape of IMC. This is due to Cu-Al IMC and Ag-Al IMC scattered near the interface that act as diffusion barriers to Sn diffusion. This suggests that the addition of right amount of Al and Si could form thinner IMC layer that could lead to increase of reliability of solder interconnect.
Analyse comparative des filières d'oxydation des boues de stations d'épuration urbaines
Authors: Sasse Henning , Karl Ute , Lonjaret Jean-Philippe , Zundel Thierry , Rentz Otto
Published: June 2015

ln this paper different municipal sewage sludge oxidation technologies (mono-incineration and mono-gasification, co-incineration in hard coal-fired power plants, waste incineration and gasification plants, and cement furnaces, aqueous phase oxidation) are compared taking into account related atmospheric emissions, energy efficiency and costs. A global evaluation based on these criteria reveals that the co-incineration in hard coal fired power plants incorporates the highest energy efficiency and the lowest overall costs. Its main disadvantage in comparison to mono-incineration, mono-gasification, and co-incineration in municipal waste incineration plants refers to elevated mercury emissions related to the sludge input. The problem of elevated mercury emissions is even more serious in the case of co-incineration in cement furnaces. However, the installation of fabric filters downstream cement furnaces may reduce mercury emissions significantly.

Les filières d'oxydation des boues de stations d'épuration municipales sont évaluées en fonction de leurs émissions, leur bilan énergétique et leurs coûts. L'étude considère l'incinération et la gazéification dans des installations spécifiques, l'oxydation par voie humide et le co-traitement dans les centrales thermiques au charbon, les cimenteries et les unités d'incinération ou de gazéification d'ordures ménagères. On montre que la co-incinération dans les centrales thermiques au charbon présente le meilleur bilan énergétique et les coûts les plus bas. Cette filière génère cependant des émissions spécifiques de mercure relativement élevées par rapport à l'incinération ou la gazéification spécifique et à la co-incinération dans les UIOM. La problématique des émissions de mercure se pose encore avec plus d'acuité dans le cas de la co-incinération en cimenterie où les émissions peuvent cependant être réduites par la mise en place de filtres à manche.
Essai de compostage comme voie de valorisation des déchets ménagers solides dans la ville de Bukavu au sud-Kivu (RD Congo)
Authors: Bisimwa Kayeye Dieudonné , Masilya Mulungula Pascal , C Gisele Jung
Published: June 2015

The identification of fly-tipping and the quantification of waste found conducted from 4th October 2010 in Bukavu town (DR Congo) for the waste recovery has shown an unequal distribution of waste fly-tipping according to the commune and a big heterogeneity of waste found ; unequal distribution and heterogeneity in relation with the number of residents of each quarter, the location of quarter due to down town and type of activities done in different quarters of different communes.The results of quantification of waste produced in Ibanda commune has shown that the average of 2.7 kg of waste are produced per day and per resident in this commune. And the composting proposed and checked within 8 weeks as mode of waste recovery of domestic solid waste majority biodegradable proven to be able to reduce 92.5 % of volume of waste produced in four weeks.

Un travail d’identification des décharges sauvages et d’évaluation de la nature des déchets rencontrés sur ces sites a été mené du 04 au 18 octobre 2010 dans la ville de Bukavu (RD Congo). Les résultats ont montré une répartition inégale des décharges selon les communes et une forte hétérogénéité des types de déchets rencontrés. Ces paramètres s’avèrent liés au nombre d’habitants de chaque quartier, à la localisation du quartier par rapport au centre-ville ainsi qu’à la nature des activités menées dans les différents quartiers des différentes communes. Au sein de la ville de Bukavu, les travaux complémentaires réalisés dans la commune d’Ibanda ont montré qu’en moyenne 2,7 kg de déchets sont produits par jour et par habitant dans cette commune. Compte tenu du taux élevé de matières organiques biodégradables de ces déchets ménagers solides, le compostage a été étudié comme mode de valorisation envisageable à l’aide d’une étude expérimentale de 8 semaines. Le traitement étudié s’est révélé capable de réduire 92,5 % de volume de déchets produits en quatre semaines.
Évaluation de l’écotoxicité intrinsèque à l’aide d'une batterie de tests d'écotoxicité réalisés après une lixiviation X30-402
Authors: Ferrari B. , Férard J.F.
Published: June 2015

Cette étude entre dans le cadre du programme de recherche sur « l'écocompatibilité des déchets » financé par l'Ademe et piloté par Polden. Les expérimentations ont été réalisées sur des mâchefers d'incinération d'ordures ménagères de type V (MIOM) et sur des scories de seconde fusion au Plomb (Sc2Pb).
Valorisation d’un mélange de cendres de foyer de centrale thermique et de scories d’aciérie en techniques routières
Authors: El Moudni El Alami Souad , Monkade Mohamed , Lahlou Khaled
Published: June 2015

La zone industrielle de Jorf Lasfar, a El Jadida, dispose de plusieurs unités industrielles qui génèrent des volumes importants de sous-produits. Parmi ces unités, la centrale thermique JLEC, qui génère plus de 640 000 tonnes par an de résidus solides constitues de deux types de cendres : cendres de foyer et cendres volantes. Ces dernières sont valorisées dans les ciments alors que les cendres de foyer restent stockées en décharge et n’ont jamais été réutilisées. A proximité de JLEC, l’aciérie Sonasid transforme de grandes quantités de ferrailles pour produire quelque 800 000 à 1 million de tonnes de billettes d’acier en générant des milliers de tonnes de scories par an. En plus des coûts de transport et de stockage, les cendres de foyer de JLEC et les scories de Sonasid présentent une menace environnementale potentielle en l’absence de voie de valorisation viable.Dans ce travail, nous présentons une caractérisation chimique et géotechnique des cendres de foyer de JLEC et des scories de Sonasid. Nous montrons que le mélange de ces deux sous-produits permet d’aboutir à des performances mécaniques intéressantes qui rendent possible leur utilisation comme couche de fondation d’une chaussée routière. Ce type de valorisation représenterait une alternative intéressante par rapport à leur mise en décharge.
Utilisation de l'ACV par l'industrie minière : Exemple d'application et principaux défis
Authors: Reid Catherine , Lesage Pascal , Margni Manuele , Aubertin Michel , Bécaert Valérie , Deschênes Louise
Published: June 2015

L’analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) est un outil d’analyse environnementale holistique qui permet la compilation et l’évaluation des entrants, sortants et impacts environnementaux potentiels d’un produit ou service durant tout son cycle de vie, du berceau au tombeau (c’est-à-dire de l’extraction et transformation première des ressources jusqu’à l’élimination en fin de vie, incluant les étapes de production et d’utilisation). La pertinence de l’ACV pour l’industrie minière se présente sous deux aspects. Premièrement, l’industrie minière a un rôle à jouer au niveau du développement des données d’inventaires qui permettront à la communauté ACV d’évaluer, pour des usages particuliers, les impacts environnementaux des matériaux primaires (tels les métaux) et de comparer ceux-ci avec les impacts des matériaux leur faisant compétition. Deuxièmement, l’industrie minière peut directement utiliser l’ACV pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux de ses propres activités, identifier les ≪ points chauds ≫ et évaluer les impacts de différentes technologies disponibles. Par exemple, les impacts environnementaux de différentes technologies employées dans l’extraction et la transformation de minéraux peuvent être comparés. Cette deuxième utilisation de l’ACV par l’industrie minière n’est toutefois pas très fréquente. Le présent article présente une telle application de l’ACV, en comparant des options de gestion de résidus miniers durant la vie de la mine et à sa fermeture. Quelques défis devant être relevés afin d’améliorer la pertinence des résultats de l’ACV dans le contexte des activités minières sont aussi présentés et discutés.
Devenir des métaux lourds (cuivre et nickel) dans les décharges d'ordures ménagères
Authors: Lagier Thomas , Feuillade Geneviève , Matejka Guy
Published: June 2015

This paper deals with main mechanisms which are likely to increase the solubility of heavy metal trapped under reduced forms (sulfur species) in landfills. Three mechanisms were studied under batch conditions: air induced sulfur species oxidation, complexation of metals to the soluble organic matter of leachate and pH range variation. The tests carried out in laboratory upon synthetic solid sulfur phases of iron and of two metals (nickel and copper) indicate that the latter behavior is very different. Copper, the solubility of which under reduced conditions is low, is solubilized only under complete oxidation conditions and at low pH. Nickel is solubilized as soon as oxidation starts and at pH close to neutral values. Oxidation influences these metal solubilization but acidification and complexation can also contribute to increase at a significant level these two metals solubilization. These results show that these mechanisms are likely to occur in long-term landfills or when rehabilitation operations are proceeded.

L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier les processus susceptibles d'augmenter la solubilité des métaux lourds piégés sous des formes réduites dans les décharges d'ordures ménagères (en particulier formes sulfures). Trois mécanismes ont été étudiés en réacteur discontinu : l'oxydation des phases sulfures à l'air, la complexation de métaux à la matière organique soluble du lixiviat et le changement du pH du milieu. Les essais menés en laboratoire à partir de phases solides synthétiques de sulfures de fer et sur deux métaux (nickel et cuivre) indiquent que ces derniers se comportent de façon très différente. Le cuivre, très insoluble en milieu réduit, n'est solubilisé que pour une oxydation quasi complète du milieu et pour des pH bas. Le nickel se solubilise dès le début de l'oxydation du milieu et pour des pH proches de la neutralité. L'oxydation influence la solubilisation de ces métaux mais l'acidification du milieu comme la complexation peuvent également contribuer à augmenter de façon significative la solubilisation de ces deux métaux. Les résultats apportent des éclairages sur les mécanismes susceptibles de se produire dans des décharges à long terme ou au cours d'opérations de réhabilitation.