bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Psychoactive Substances Constant State of Flux: NBOMe Brazilian Case
Authors: Yasin Wayhs Carlos Alberto , Tortato Caroline , De Cássia Mariotti Kristiane , Scorsatto Ortiz Rafael , Pereira Limberger Renata
Published: December 2021

The new psychoactive substances (NPS) market is in a constant state of flux, with new substances being synthesized regularly and marketed in many ways and forms. These substances often emerge quickly, just as they disappear, evidencing a clear attempt to circumvent the control trafficking enforcement agencies and the international community. Among the wide variety of NPS, the NBOMe series attracted attention from medical and legal authorities due to the high number of cases of intoxication, followed or not by death in several countries around the world, including Brazil. So, this brief communication aimed to evaluate the number of NBOMe Brazilian Federal Police (BFP) over the past eight years, and highlight the NPS constant state of flux, evidencing by the Brazilian NBOMe case. This is a retrospective study based on information from forensic analysis reports from seizures of BFP. The NBOMe seizures generated 4 forensic analysis requests in 2012, 21 in 2013, 45 in 2014, 61 in 2015, 80 in 2016, 22 in 2017, 19 in 2018 and 2 in 2019, totaling 254 forensic analysis reports analyzed. This NPS emerged quickly in Brazil from the year 2012, and tented to disappear in recent years, from the perspective of the BPF forensic analysis reports, evidencing the NPS constant state of flux, represented here by the Brazilian NBOMe case.
Methodology of Economic Science and Problems of Objectivity in Economics
Authors: Ogorodnikova Tatyana , Solomein Aleksei , Shipunova Irina
Published: December 2021

The article described the specifics of economic science in the context of general scientific principles of cognition and the need to ensure the stability of economic systems. The research examined the nature and essence of objective and subjective factors of economic behavior, the nature of their interaction and the mechanism of transformation. Objective economic laws of differentiation of economic entities by the level of absolute welfare and equality of relative welfare are formulated. The state of the economic system is considered from the position of thermodynamic equilibrium. We formulated the condition of thermodynamic equilibrium of economic systems, which differs from the condition of equilibrium in the light of mechanistic concepts. The moment of the first archaic division of labor was highlighted as the point of bifurcation and the exit of the economic system from the state of thermodynamic equilibrium. The irreversible nature of this transition was emphasized. We found that it is necessary to study economic systems as non-equilibrium from the standpoint of assessing the state of complex dynamic structural formations.
Resistance spot welding of a thin 0.7 mm EN10130: DC04 material onto a thicker 2.4 mm 817M40 engineering steel
Authors: Annan K.A. , Nkhoma R.C. , Ngomane S.
Published: December 2021

The effects of welding current, electrode force, and welding time in a resistance spot weld were studied to investigate the effectiveness of welded joints between a thin EN10130: DC04 material and a thicker 817M40 part, through analysis of the microstructural and mechanical properties. All welded specimens were subjected to tensile testing at room temperature (25°C) and sub-zero temperature (-46°C) to test the strength of the welded joints. No full button failure was observed at either room temperature or sub-zero temperature after optimization of the weldng parameters. The fusion zone was observed to consist mainly of martensitic phase, due to rapid quenching, while the HAZ was composed of clusters of martensite in a ferrite and bainite matrix. The base 817M40 metal remained fully ferritic after welding. The hardness was found to increase with increasing welding current. An increase in nugget size, indicating good fusion of the weld, was observed with an increase in the welding current.
Salvos pero no santos: La incidencia de la protestantización del adventismo en la preparación de los candidatos al bautismo
Authors: Iuorno Edgardo D.
Published: December 2021

Desde hace más de setenta años el adventismo ha sufrido un proceso de protestantización que a su vez ha suscitado cambios en la obra evangélica y la adoración. La visión hermenéutica original persiste, aunque debilitada, hay otra visión hermenéutica en competencia que gana terreno y afecta la misión de la iglesia y es la principal causa del estancamiento en el crecimiento. Aunque la organización ha percibido el problema, no se avizoran todavía soluciones claras. Se torna imprescindible un regreso a las raíces hermenéuticas del adventismo que reconfigure el enfoque evangelizador.
On a possibility of transfer of the planet troyans to centaurs
Authors: Kazantsev A. , Kazantseva L.
Published: December 2021

Jupiter Trojans and Neptune Trojans have been selected from the Minor Planet center catalog for 2020. Numerical calculations of the evolution of orbits on intervals of up to 1 million years have been carried out. It has been established that all discovered by today Neptune Trojans and the numbered Jupiter Trojans are unlikely to transfer into the Centaur population during the next hundreds of thousands of years.
An Inheritance Contract: a Critical Look at the Legal Construction
Authors: Sosipatrova N. E.
Published: December 2021

The legal structure of an inheritance contract introduced into the system of Russian civil law on June 1, 2019, caused an ambiguous evaluation in the doctrine of inheritance law. Analyzing various points of views of scholars and legal prescriptions, the author expresses her opinion on this legal structure highlighting in particular an imbalance in the legal status of the parties to the inheritance contract, expressed in the possibility of unilateral refusal to execute it by only one of the parties, in the absence of legal protection of the testator's counterparty when the latter alienates the property specified in the inheritance contract. This makes this legal structure practically non-binding for the testator and reduces its relevance. The author substantiates that the legal prohibition of concluding an inheritance contract through a representative applies only to the testator. The assumption is made that the reference to a third party acquiring the right of inheritance does not turn this agreement into a contract made in favor of the third party. The paper focuses on the controversial issue of the limits of the discretion of the testator and the essential conditions of the inheritance contract. The author differntiates the gaps in the law in the regulation of a number of issues related to the conclusion and execution of an inheritance contract, some wordings of Art. 1118 and 1140.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and suggests proposals that improve rules under consideration. The author comes to the conclusion that the legal structure of inheritance law raises many questions caused by faulty legal formulations and insufficient completeness of legal regulation, which can give rise not only to doctrinal discussions, but also to contradictory law enforcement practice.
HADİSLERDE ÇOCUK VE ÇOCUKLUK
Authors: YILDIRIM İsmet Ayşegül , ÖZ Ayhan
Published: December 2021

Çocukluk, insan yaşamının önemli bir dönemidir. İnsanın saf bir tabiatla dünyaya geldiğini, onun eşref-i mahlukat olduğunu söyleyen İslam dininin etkisiyle çocukluk ayrı bir kıymet ve önem kazanmıştır. İslam’da çocuğa verilen değerin en açık delillerini Hz. Peygamber’in sözlü ve fiili sünnetinde bulmak mümkündür. Hz. Peygamber uygulamalarıyla hem kendi dönemine hem de günümüze ışık tutmuş, çocuğun değerli olduğunu ortaya koyarak çocukluğun ayrı ve önemli bir dönem olduğunu asırlar öncesinden model olarak göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada, hadislerde yaş itibariyle “çocuk” kavramı, çocuğun bakımı, terbiyesi, eğitimi, çocuklukta oyun, erkek ve kız çocuğuna karşı takınılacak tavır gibi konular bağlamında hadisler değerlendirilecek; hadislerde çocuğun değeri ve çocukla iletişim konuları ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır.
Bienestar emocional y resiliencia en profesionales de la educación social durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez Julio , Ortega-Ortigoza Daniel , Mateos Ainoa
Published: December 2021

La pandemia de COVID-19 y las medidas de confinamiento resultantes han impactado en la salud física y mental de la población de diferentes maneras. Como profesionales esenciales, los educadores sociales que trabajan en centros de atención residencial para niños y jóvenes han tenido que hacer frente a presiones adicionales como las medidas de confinamiento domiciliario y tener que continuar su trabajo en circunstancias excepcionales. Para evaluar el impacto de las medidas de cierre en el bienestar emocional y la resiliencia de los educadores sociales, se realizó un estudio exploratorio ex post facto basado en una muestra de 72 educadores sociales (30,6% hombres y 69,4% mujeres) que trabajan en centros residenciales de protección de la infancia en Cataluña. La encuesta recogió datos sobre el bienestar emocional (PANAS y SWLS) y la resiliencia (RS-14), y también los datos sociodemográficos de los participantes. Los resultados muestran valores similares en relación con el bienestar emocional y la resiliencia, sin diferencias significativas entre las categorías sociodemográficas. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre el equilibrio afectivo, la satisfacción vital y la resiliencia. Las conclusiones del estudio ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de apoyar el bienestar emocional de los educadores sociales promoviendo su capacidad de resiliencia, teniendo en cuenta la ya de por sí compleja tarea de atención socioeducativa a la infancia y adolescencia en acogimiento residencial, y la dificultad adicional del confinamiento.
Working Conditions of Forensic Medicine Specialists and Residents During Pandemic and Lockdown Periods: A Survey Study
Authors: Ersoy Gökhan , Uygul Elif Sazak , Günbeği Meltem , Özdemir Mert Onur , Ergönen Akça Toprak , Aydın Berna
Published: December 2021

Objective COVID pandemic has caused changes in the work and daily life of forensic medicine physicians. The present study examines the pandemic's risks on forensic medicine physicians' health, changes in forensic medicine service, and physicians' opinions about the non-forensic medical duties. 
Methods: We applied a survey with 31 questions to 220 physicians, including specialist and assistant positions in the field of forensic medicine. We surveyed changes in daily and working life conditions.
Results: 52% of physicians stated that their occupation increased their worries about COVID-19. The rate of the participants, who changed their accommodation sites during the pandemic, was 19%. They also declared a diminishing number of weekly working days. Of 154 people performing a forensic clinical examination, 87% stated that the number of cases decreased, and 23% specified that family violence cases increased. One hundred twenty-eight physicians (58%) were redeployed to non-forensic medicine services. COVID examination room and COVID clinic were the most assigned departments (60 and 26 participants, respectively). The rate of those who did not consider themselves sufficient for these tasks was 27%.
Conclusion: The Lockdown period has reduced the workload of forensic medicine for a while. In this period, forensic medicine physicians have highly employed in COVID services, especially residents. As there were notable changes in examination and living environments, the rate of feeling inadequate for non-forensic medical duties has approached one fifth. Structuring postgraduate or on-site education of the physicians will keep these skills alive.
Rare complication of West Nile viral encephalitis
Authors: Faragó Péter , Fricska-Nagy Zsanett , Klivényi Péter , Tajti János
Published: December 2021

In our case report, we are presenting a 72 years old male patient. The patient’s symptoms were fever, dizziness, general weakness at the time of admission. The laboratory and CSF tests revealed central nervous system inflammation. West Nile virus was identified from the cerebrospinal fluid. After the symptoms of infection and during supporting treatment, severe, progressing hyponatremia evolved with unknown pathology. According to previous investigations and our diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm cerebral salt wasting syndrome identified as occasion.
Internship Program Management Information System with Lean Management
Authors:   the College of Computer Studies in Laguna State Polytechnic University, San Pablo City 4000, Laguna, Philippines, Rosario Marco Jr. N. Del , Cruz Ronnel A. Dela
Published: December 2021

Internship program intends to empower students with real-world knowledge, skills, and desirable attitudes by allowing them to gain hands-on experience. This study focuses on implementing lean management principles in developing a web-based information system that manages the data and processes undertaken by the students in their internship program. The system was developed using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model which was divided into four main modules. These modules are for monitoring and supervision of the internship program. The system will help the coordinators to manage documents, the supervisor to give grades, the students to create a journal that will monitor progress, and the administrator to manage the system. To determine if the developed system is efficient and functional, trials were conducted utilizing test scenarios, test cases, and comparison table. The developed system was evaluated using a survey questionnaire based on ISO 25010 software quality model as to Product Quality. It obtained an overall mean of 4.32 with a standard deviation value of 0.666. This validates that the objectives of the study were met and achieved. Moreover, the system was able to reduce the cost and time spent from the previous process, which proves that it successfully integrated lean management principle in its design.
How Can Flipped Classroom Develop Critical Thinking Skills? A Literature Review
Authors:   the Graduate Program of Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281, Nugraheni Benedecta Indah ,   and the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Surjono Herman Dwi , Aji Gregorius Punto
Published: December 2021

This review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of how the flipped classroom can give the positive effects on developing students’ critical thinking skills. Data were collected from four databases, which included Google Scholar, ResearchGate, EBSCO, and Emerald. This study synthesized the findings of 16 studies published from 2015 to 2020. The results revealed that there were many learning activities that could be designed in a flipped classroom both outside and inside the classroom so that it allowed students to be actively involved in learning, flipped classrooms could also be integrated with other learning methods and utilize various technologies to increase their effectiveness in developing students’ critical thinking skills.
Impacto fiscal en APP en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Reyes-Tagle Gerardo , Ponce de León Oscar , Brandão Luiz Eduardo T. , Celle Adilio , Dompieri Izabel , Grijalva Jose , Vieira Cynthia Martins , Rebollo Andrés , Ventim, Bruno
Published: December 2021

Los Documentos de Discusión - PPP Américas 2021 componen una serie de textos desarrollados en preparación de la X Edición del PPP Américas, el principal foro de Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APP) de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), organizado cada dos años por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). Con motivo de la edición del PPP Américas 2021, se reunieron ocho grupos temáticos de expertos, profesionales, consultores y académicos involucrados directamente en la planificación, identificación, estructuración y gestión de proyectos de infraestructura mediante Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APP) en los países de la región. Los grupos, bajo la coordinación de especialistas del BID, revisaron los principales temas de interés y actualidad en el ámbito de las APP en infraestructura económica y social, con el objeto de intercambiar experiencias, debatir casos de éxito y lecciones aprendidas. El presente documento de discusión “Impacto Fiscal en APP en América Latina y el Caribe” recoge las principales conclusiones y recomendaciones derivadas de los debates de ese grupo temático, y pretende contribuir a la consolidación de un ambiente de intercambio de conocimiento en infraestructura y APP en la región, ofreciendo una discusión ampliada sobre el impacto fiscal de proyectos APP en América Latina y Caribe.
Reduction o Air Pollution from Fine Dust by Increasing Efficiency of Gas Emission Purification Sintering Furnaces
Authors: Kiryushin E.V. , Pilyaeva O.V. , Shepelev I.I. , Eskova E.N.
Published: December 2021

The installation of an additional stage of the "wet" waste gas purification unit at the alumina sintering furnaces ensured the achievement of a high degree of purification of gas emissions from fine impurities up to 96 % and the standards of maximum permissible emissions of solid pollutants into the atmosphere established for an industrial enterprise. The formed slude after gas cleaning is proposed to be sent for further processing to the hydrochemistry workshop, thereby ensuring its disposal without contamination of the natural environment. The analysis of air pollution indicators confirmed a decrease in emissions of solid pollutants in the atmospheric air of Achinsk.
Analysis of Мethodological Аpproaches for Developping Nutrient Standards in Surface Waters
Authors: Gorbunov A.K. , Loginova A.Yu. , Silaeva N.A. , Kusacheva S.A. , Nikulina S.N.
Published: December 2021

Analysis of a large scale of monitoring data, basis for developping new approaches to environmental regulation and control strengthening subject to natural water bodies regional status have been performed. Existing rating system assessments (MAD, LOC) of biogenic elements in wastewater which desuetude doen not meet modern requirements of multifactorial situational analysis have been stated. Methodological aspects of eutrophication factors management and ways of their minimization have been considered.
Forecasting Fire Risk in Forest Ecosystems Using Solar Activity Index
Authors: Katkova T.E.
Published: December 2021

Improving forest ecosystems protection management based on a long-term fire hazard forecasting has been studied. Fires long-term dynamics in terms of quantity in various forests has been investigated. Fire risk patterns in forest ecosystems have been established conditional to regional characteristics due to solar period. Fire dynamics and solar periods analytics over multi-year period of time have brought to light that conditions contributing to a high fire frequency in Leningrad and Tver regional forest ecosystems arise in years with maximum and minimum solar activity. A long-term forecast of high forest fire danger periods for the next solar cycle has been performed through parameters of solar activity – Wolf numbers.
The Effect of Problem-based Education on the Score of Clinical Examination of Rehabilitation Students at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Pirayeh N , Moradi N , Shaterzadeh-Yazdi MJ , Saadat M , Soltani M , Hamedi D , Hosseini-Beydokhti M , Akbari M , Rahimifar P , Eslami K , Hosseinzadeh M
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Problem-based education is a student-centered educational strategy in which students collaboratively analyze educational issues and reflect on their experiences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of problem-based education on the evaluation of clinical skills of rehabilitation students at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental interventional investigation. The study population comprised all fourth year undergraduate students in the fields of physiotherapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. Based on random sampling method, a number of students were selected as the experimental group (problem-based education) and others as the control group (traditional education). Data were collected using an objective-structured clinical examination to assess students' clinical skills, and a researcher-made questionnaire to assess satisfaction with the problem-based education method.
Result: The mean scores of clinical skills following education revealed a statistically significant difference between the two traditional and problem-based methods in all the three fields of study. Also, the results of the student satisfaction questionnaire showed approximately 60% of students in all three fields of study proving a high to very high level of satisfaction with problem-based education.
Conclusion: Due to the increase in students' clinical skills following problem-based education and their high satisfaction with this teaching procedure, it is suggested that other faculties of rehabilitation sciences and related fields also use the method in teaching pertinent to clinical courses.
Investigating the dimensions of Incivility Scale in Learner-Trainer Interactions at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Madani H , Norouzi A , Norouzi S
Published: December 2021

Introduction: This study aims to identify the psychometric properties of developmental tools observed by the learner and the trainer in the process of nursing training.
Methods: In this study, 200 nursing students of Abhar University of Medical Sciences (110 males and 90 females), completed the perceived incivility tools in learner -trainer interactions. To evaluate the reliability, Cronbach alpha retest and calculation methods were used. To determine the structural validity of the tools, exploratory factor analysis was used.
Result: After modification of the questions of scale, reliability was found to be acceptable. Exploration factor analysis revealed the first part of the scale containing four components thus determining 60.72% of the total variance. These components are referred to as: students' incivility in the classroom, lack of motivation, lack of planning and preparation of the learners, and the indifference of the learners to the opinions of others. The second part of the scale contains three components determining 64.69% of the total variance. These components are also referred to as incivility of professors in the classroom, ineffective teaching and lack of effective interpersonal communication skills.
Conclusion: The above tool bears an acceptable validity for examining the perceived incivility between learner and trainer in the nursing training process and is suitable for Iranian students so that it can be deployed for other universities of medical sciences across the country.
Role of Vascular Ultrasonography in Patients with Leg Swelling
Authors: Park Je Hoon
Published: December 2021

There are many causes of leg swelling or edema. Leg edema due to systemic condition or disease demonstrates chronic, bilateral features, whereas leg edema caused by vascular disease shows more complex clinical features including secondary skin changes and ulcerative lesion, resulting in more complicated clinical outcomes with less frequent early diagnosis and appropriate management. Definite differential diagnosis might not be possible by medical history, clinical features, and physical findings. Vascular ultrasonography (Duplex ultrasound) can be used easily as a bedside diagnostic procedure and is a recommended diagnostic tool for differentiation of a non-vascular from vascular etiology in patients with leg swelling.
Digitization of the Healthcare System During the Pandemic
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Foundations of Administration of the International Institute of Administration of MGIMO University, PhD (Law), Platonova Natalya I.
Published: December 2021

Pandemic has forced a reassessment of different aspects of public life especially in the field of health care. It also has shown that modern digital technologies are required to make state governance of health care more effective. Telemedicine technology is a central issue to provide remote medical assistance аnd that’s the most important today, in the midst of a pandemic. However, the most effective use of digital technologies in health care requires to Establish appropriate legal regulations.
Disputes over the Establishment of the Land Plot Use Procedure: Law Enforcement Issues
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Kuban State University, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Eliseeva Inga A.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the features of consideration by the courts of such an important category of disputes as disputes on determining the procedure for using a land plot, and makes certain proposals for improving the current legislation and law enforcement practice in this area.
Shipping Document Digitization Prospects
Authors:   Analyst at Intellectual Property and Intellectual Rights Scientific and Educational Center, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law of the Law Institute of the Tomsk State University, PhD (Law), Churilov Aleksey Yu.
Published: December 2021

The emergence of digital rights as objects of civil rights has given rise to the necessity of studying the possibility of the existence of digital documents of title. In the paper, the author compared documents of title as commercial securities and digital rights, in particular, utilitarian ones. The author made a conclusion that it is not possible to recognize the utilitarian digital law as a negotiable document of title, and its transfer — the transfer of an item within the meaning of Art. 224 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
On Giving Preferences to Residents of Special Economic Zones in State and Corporate Procurements
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Entrepreneurial, Competition and Environmental Law of the South Ural State University (National Research University), PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Gromova Elizaveta A.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of granting residents of territories with special economic activity regime with the preferences in case of their participation as producers in state and corporate purchases. Conditions stimulating business activity of these subjects within the borders of such territories are analyzed. The conclusion is made that granting them preferences in public and corporate procurement will contribute to the improvement of the investment climate and will have a positive impact on the domestic economy. A list of preferential conditions for residents’ participation in public and corporate procurement is proposed.
Challenging Issues of Exercising of Rights to Publication of Scientific Articles by Authors
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Saint-Petersburg University of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Associate Professor, Vinokurov Vladimir A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Through the prism of the constitutional right of a person and a citizen to freedom of creativity, to identify and consider the problems that arise for authors of works when submitting articles to peer-reviewed scientific publications. To analyze the existing rules used by the editors of scientific publications, including claims arising out of the use of the reporting system ‘anti-Plagiarism’, the problems arising from reviews of specialists, especially at the intersection of science, as well as to evaluate the practice of bounce editors of scientific journals authors in the publications on legitimate grounds contrary, including the principles of publishing ethics, reflected in the recommendations of the Committee on publication ethics (COPE). The research methodology is based on the method of systematic analysis of legislation and existing practice, as well as on dialectical, logical, and formal-legal research methods. Conclusions. As a result of the research, the problems of the author’s dependence on illegal and sometimes illegal requirements that violate his rights when publishing articles in peer-reviewed scientific publications are revealed. The scientific and practical significance of the article lies in the formulated conclusions and proposals that will contribute to the realization of the author’s right to publish his work while fulfilling the fair and legitimate requirements imposed by the editorial offices on scientific works.
Legal Capacity of an Individual and an Individual Entrepreneur: A Comparative Law Aspect
Authors:   Associate Professor, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education ‘Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation’ (Odintsovo Branch), Russia, Head of the Civil and Arbitration Procedure Department, Kalgina Alexandra A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. The article is devoted to the consideration of theoretical and practical issues that reflect the legislative requirements and the practice of applying the norms of civil law imposed on the characteristics of the status of an individual entrepreneur in comparison with the status of an individual. Methodology: dialectical method of scientific cognition, system approach, methods of deterministic factor analysis. Conclusions. The author draws attention to a number of theoretical and legal controversial provisions outlined by civil legislation and the practice of its application. The comparative legal study analyzes the characteristics of civil legal personality; and the distinction between the statuses of an individual and an individual entrepreneur in civil relations. The article emphasizes the openness of a number of issues that require legislative solutions and the correct position of the judiciary. In particular, in the theory of civil law, the discussion does not stop about whether all the components of the legal capacity and legal capacity of a citizen as an individual apply to an individual entrepreneur? Substantiates the position that the actions of persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity in violation of the requirements of state registration, shall be subject to the legal assessment of the criminal code and administrative code. The author considers it reasonable to disclose the legal personality of an individual entrepreneur as a consistent extension of the general legal personality of a citizen. When forming judicial practice, we consider it correct to clearly adhere to the position that arbitration courts consider only those cases involving individual entrepreneurs in which the disputed legal relations are caused by the implementation of entrepreneurial activities. Scientific and practical significance. Analytical information and conclusions may be of interest to teachers and researchers, business entrepreneurs, legal practitioners accompanying business transactions, as well as to law students.
Education: Public Good vs Service
Authors:   Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of civil and arbitration procedure (Odintsovo branch) of the MGIMO University, Tsaregradskaya Yulia K.
Published: December 2021

The article presents an overview of the round table on the topic: ‘Educational service: problems of theory and practice’, held at St. Petersburg State University, where the issues of the legal nature of education, its essence and content were discussed.
FOOD, MODERNITY AND IDENTITY: ROOTED COSMOPOLITANISM IN ADICHIE’S AMERICANAH
Authors: Hidayat Syarif
Published: December 2021

In globalization era, there are many producers of global foods that have localized their products in order to get more costumers. Indeed, there are some people who cannot be separated with their locality, although they are part of global citizen. This paper discusses the tug-of-war between cosmopolitanism and localism within the persona of Ifemelu, the main character in Americanah, specifically in what food she eats and how the food is eaten and its influence on her identity. Americanah is a novel that tells the story of a Nigerian immigrant living in the United States who decided to return to Nigeria. The study focuses on the characters and characterization of the figures in the novel and it aims to show how a rooted cosmopolitan identity was formed in Ifemelu. The study is a qualitative research using the rooted cosmopolitanism theory proposed by Kwame Anthony Appiah. The research shows that Ifemelu's rooted cosmopolitan identity was seen through the negotiation between her cosmopolitan identity and her local (Nigerian) identity. The discourse on rooted cosmopolitanism built by the text reveals its partiality toward Nigerian local culture, specifically the Nigerian foods.
JON M. CHU’S FILM CRAZY RICH ASIANS: THE INTERPLAY OF WESTERN AND EASTERN CULTURES
Authors: Wiraldy I Gusti Ngurahe Ade , Ginting Daniel
Published: December 2021

The film Crazy Rich Asians released in 2018 represents a complexity of social interactions among people with different cultural background. The adaptability to new environments is not always easy; yet, the main character is persistent and capable of maintaining her identity. Being an American born Chinese, Rachel Wu, the main character is depicted as a "banana". --yellow on the outside, white on the inside. Feeling like a curse to feel like an outsider in both the country, the main character was born in or the one her parents come from. The article aims to sketch the profile of Rachel Wu as a thoughtful, moderate person when dealing with other figures from a society that is exclusively oriented to traditional norms
THE PROBLEMS OF THE KHI ON ARTICLE 7 ABOUT THE MARRIAGE ISBAT IN A RELIGIOUS COURT
Authors: Sabir Muhammad , Aris Aris , Mutmainnah Iin
Published: December 2021

Abstrak: Sebelum melangsungkan perklawinan, terdapat beberapa rukun dan syarat yang mesti dipenuhi yang telah ditetapkan oleh undang-undang. Salah satunya adalah pencatatan perkawinan.  Syarat tersebut bertujuan untuk memberikan kepastian dan pengakuan hukum bahwa sebuah perkawinan pernah terjadi. Akan tetapi pada kenyataannya masih banyak perkawinan  tidak dicatat atau didaftarkan pada pegawai pencatat perkawinan yang berwenang. Pengadilan Agama selaku pelaksanan kekuasaan kehakiman dalam menangani masalah perkawinan dibutuhkan kejelian dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalisis pelaksanaan pasal 7 dalam KHI di Pengadilan agama  tentang isbat nikah daln melihat penyebab sehingga terjadi isbat nikah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis dan yuridis, hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa masih banyak terjadi perkawinan bawah tangan  yang dijumpai di pengadilan agama. Hal demikian terjadi karena berbagai faktor. Olehnya itu dibutuhkan kejelian pengadilan agama dalam menagani perkara tersebut dan dibutuhkan kehadiran Negara agar menyelesaikan sehingga praktik perkawinan tersebut  tidak terjadi lagi.Kata kunci: Perkawinan, isbat nikah, Pengadilan Agama Abstract: Before entering into a marriage, there are several pillars and conditions that must be fiilfulled which have been stipulated by law. One of them is marriage registration. These requirements are to provide legal certainty and recognition that a marriage has occurred. However, in reality there are still many marriages that are not recorded or registered with the authorized marriage registrar. The Religious Court as the exercise of judicial power in handling marital problems requires carefulness to resolve these problems. This study aims to analyze the implementation of article 7 the KHI in the religious court regarding the isbat of marriage and to see the causes that lead to marriage isbat. By using a sociological and juridical approach, the results of this study show that there are still many under-handed marriages that are found in religious courts. The type marriage happened because of various factors. Therefore, religious courts need to be careful in handling these cases and the presence, help of the State is needed to resolve it so that the practice of marriage does not occur again.Keywords: Marriage, isbat, religious courts.
The Legal Consequences For Buying Motor Vehicles Without Motor Vehicle Authorization Letter
Authors: Setiawan Peter Jeremiah , Septiningrum Shintya Yulfa , Nugraha Xavier
Published: December 2021

This legal research aims to determine the consequences of criminal law and civil law consequences for buyers who purchase motorized vehicles without complete and valid documents. This legal research is a normative juridical research. The nature of this legal research is an analytical description to describe an ongoing situation or situation as data for the object of research so that it can explore ideal things which can then be analyzed based on legal theory or applicable laws and regulations. Based on the results of research and discussion, the consequences of criminal law against buyers who purchase motorized vehicles without complete and valid documents are that Article 480 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code on criminal acts of detention must be fulfilled with subjective and objective elements  Furthermore, the effect of civil law on buyers who purchase motorized vehicles without complete and valid documents is that it is possible for the owner of the motor vehicle to file a lawsuit against the law based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code.
Towards sustainable highland banana production in Uganda: Opportunities and challenges
Authors:   Makerere University, Uganda, Nyombi K
Published: December 2021

East Africa highland bananas ( Musa sp., AAA- EA HB) are an important starchy food and cash crop in Uganda and the Great Lakes region of East Africa. Widespread reports of declining yields in Uganda since the 1930s and the low yields today do raise serious sustainability and food security concerns , especially as food demand increases with a population growth rate of 3.2% per annum . In addition, increasing urbanization continues to increase pressure on the banana system s, with bunches and leaves increasingly transported from rural areas to urban centres, leading to the continued loss of nutrients especially potassium. Actual yields on many smallholder banana farms (5 − 20 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 FW ) in Uganda are far below the estimated potential yield (100 Mg ha − 1 FW ). Farmers cite soil fertility decline, pests ( banana weevils and nematodes) and moisture stress as the major factors responsible for yield decline. In response, several organic and mineral fertilization experiments have been carried out at research stations and in farmers’ fields in Uganda since the 1950s . Researchers have mostly reported responses to organic fertilizers, no or poor responses to Mg and P fertilization with some responses to K and N fertilization , but with yields that are far below the estimated potential . Although pests are controlled in so me trials, researchers have often failed to embrace a systems approach , quite often leaving out factors, such as moisture stress and soil physical conditions that affect the responses to fertilization . The government of Uganda in the National Development Plan 2010/11−2014/15 targets increased agricultural productivity for key staple crops like bananas in alleviating poverty in rural areas and ensuring national food security. In order to set proper banana research priorities to benefit farmers in Uganda , the objectives of this study were : to review past research aimed at reducing banana production constraints , identify opportunities and challenges facing the banana sector and put forward new research perspectives .
Dietary values of wild and semi-wild edible plants in southern Ethiopia
Authors:   Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Getachew Addis G , Asfaw Z ,   Addis Ababa University, Singh V ,   Central Food Technological Research Institute, India, Woldu Z ,   Addis Ababa University, Baidu-Forson JJ ,   Bioversity International, Kenya, Bhattacharya S
Published: December 2021

Ethnobotanical studies have shown that many wild plant species are sporadically consumed alongside regular food sources in developing countries. Many plants of wild and semi-wild origin are consumed in the remote parts of southern Ethiopia. Dietetic values of Ethiopia’s non-crop food plants, though important in prevention of malnutrition and contribution to food security, remains shrouded for lack of chemical information. The chemical composition of popularly used wild edibles in Hamar and Konso (Xonso) of southern Ethiopia was examined. The most preferred 15 semi-wild and wild edible plants were selected using a mix of standard ethnobotanical field methods. Edible parts of target plants were collected with local participants, lyophilized and analyzed for proximate composition, amino acids, minerals and antinutritional factors. The wild edibles constituted good amounts of nutrients essential in human diet. Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) gave 1.5-5.8% ether extractives and total mineral composition of 12.5%-25.6%; Ca being highest (1100 - 3419 mg %) and exceptionally high for Justicia ladanoides (6177 mg %). Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn ranged from 11.7-23.14, 175-2049, 3.4-9.9 and 1.2-3.3 mg %, respectively. All GLVs contained ≥20% protein, highest in Coccinia grandis (36.3%). The latter species and Trigonella foenum-graecum yielded high lysine level. Anti-nutrients of concern include phenolics (158-1564 mg %) and tannins (448-2254 mg %) in GLVs and phenolics (1997mg %) and tannins (6314 mg %) in Ximenia caffra fruits. Total oxalates in mg % were high in Amaranthus graecizans (14067), Celosia argentea (12706) and Portulaca quadrifida (10162). Bulk consumption of monotype edible plant part in one meal may lead to nutritional and health impairment. However, traditional processing methods lower most of the anti-nutritionals and their respective risks. New food composition tables that integrate indigenous knowledge and nutritional content of the semi-wild and wild edibles are recommended. Wild edibles can be considered to improve livelihood security and reduce malnutrition in tune with the Millennium Development Goals aimed at reducing poverty and hunger.
Effects of different substrates on the yield and nutritional value of Pleurotus tuberregium (FR.) sing
Authors:   University of Nigeria, Olufokunbi JO , Chiejina NV
Published: December 2021

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of different substrates on the yield and nutritional content of Pleurotus tuberregium (Fr.) Sing. Seven different substrates were used in both experiments to grow the mushrooms and sclerotia, respectively. The experiments were carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD). Fresh and dry weights of the harvested mushrooms and sclerotia were recorded and the proximate analysis of the mushrooms conducted using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC’s) methods. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis and test of significance carried out by the Duncan’s multiple range test. Results of the mushroom cultivation experiment showed that mean dry weights varied from 0.22 g for mixture of topsoil and fermented sawdust substrate (M5) to 3.34 g for mixture of river sand and fermented sawdust substrate (M7), while the mean fresh weights varied from 1.42 g for M5 to 13.76 g for M7. The mean fresh weights of M2, M3 and M7 were not significantly different from one another but were significantly different from those of M4 and M5. Furthermore, percentage carbohydrate content ranged from 59.03% in M1 to 65.41% in M2 while that of crude protein varied from 14.88% in M3 to 17.78% in M1. For the second experiment, the rate of substrate colonization differed significantly (P≤ 0.05) for the treatments. The mean colonization rate varied from 0.0 day in S2, S3 to 31.2 days in S5, S4 and S6, which were not significantly different from each other but were significantly different from S1, S5 and S7 and from S2 and S3. The mean dry weight yield varied from 46.26 g in S5 to 127.48 g in S1. The biological efficiency of sclerotia harvested from S1, S6 and S7 were not significantly different from one another but were significantly different from those of S4 and S5 substrates. Considering all the parameters investigated; a mixture of river sand and fermented sawdust substrate (M7) is recommended as the best substrate for the cultivation of P. tuberregium mushrooms while a mixture of corn waste and fermented sawdust substrate (S6) is recommended for sclerotial cultivation. Mushrooms grown on topsoil substrate (M1) are recommended as the best for nutritional supplement.
Effect of processing on the quality, composition and antioxidant properties of Terminalia catappa (Indian almond) seed oil
Authors:   Lagos State University, Nigeria, Adu OB , Omojufehinsi M , Esanboro MO , Abe DA , Shofolahan AO , Uzodinma E , Badmus K , Martins O ,   Drug Quality Control Unit, Lagos State Ministry of Health, Ikeja
Published: December 2021

This study was aimed at extracting and purifying T. catappa seed oil with a view to investigating the effect of processing on the composition and antioxidant activity of the oil. Oil was extracted from the dried and roasted T. catappa seed and subjected to degumming and bleaching. The different processed oils were analysed for their fatty acid, phytosterols, and fat soluble vitamins composition. Antioxidant properties of the oils were also determined by measuring the Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and inhibition of heat induced peroxidation. Roasting and processing caused a reduction in acid value, increased peroxide value, but had no effect on the iodine and saponification values of T. catappa oil. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid (42.466%) while oleic acid was the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid (23.445%). Roasting significantly reduced fatty acid concentration of the oil, and bleaching of both unroasted and roasted oils increased the concentration of fatty acids except linoleic acid. Gamma-sitosterol and Betasitosterol were present in appreciable amounts only in the crude oils. Roasting increased Vitamins A and D concentrations but drastically reduced that of vitamin E. Degumming had no effect on the fat soluble vitamins of T. catappa oil, but bleaching significantly reduced the concentrations of all the vitamins. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the seed oil was between 26.93 ± 15.42% and 65.47 ± 31.59%. Refining increased the free radical scavenging activity of the unroasted oil, but did not affect the antioxidant activity of roasted oil. The capacity of the oil in preventing heat induced peroxidation was comparable to that of Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Processing of the oil significantly increased its antioxidant activity. Loss of vitamin E did not affect the antioxidant activity of the oil. Thus, suggesting the presence of a heat stable antioxidant in the oil. This study indicated T. catappa seed oil to be potential pharmaceutical oil with good antioxidant characteristics