bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Título en español.
Authors: G. Samuels  , E. G. Boneta-García  , F. González-Vélez
Published: October 2020

Se aplicaron varias fuentes de fosfato a siembras de tabaco para tripa en suelo Mabí arcilloso ácido, y los resultados fueron los siguientes: 1. Se obtuvieron rendimientos más altos de tabaco curado con la aplicación de metafosfato de calcio, siendo la producción significativamente mayor cuando dicho material se usó en polvo que en forma granulada. 2. Todas las fuentes de fosfato que se usaron, excepto el superfosfato simple y el concentrado, propiciaron rendimientos significativamente más altos que cuando no se usó fosfato. 3. Los tratamientos a base de metafosfato cálcico y amónico hicieron posible una mayor producción por cuerda de tabaco que los efectuados a base de superfosfato simple. 4. Considerando el precio del tabaco por cuerda, la aplicación de polvo de metafosfato cálcico dio los mejores resultados; pero no así la forma granulada sobre el tratamiento sin ningún fosfato. 5. El fosfato dicálcico y el pirofosfato potásico-cálcico, junto a polvo de metafosfato cálcico fueron los únicos abonos que posibilitaron un aumento significativo en el precio por cuerda del tabaco, sobre el tabaco sin ningún tratamiento. 6. Se discutió la importancia del tamaño de las partículas de metafosfato cálcico en el rendimiento del tabaco. 7. Se estableció una correlación lineal altamente significativa entre el porcentaje de disponibilidad del P2O5 de los abonos fosfatados y los rendimientos de tabaco por cuerda.
EFFECT OF BOH ON FLOWERING OF PINEAPPLE
Authors: Héctor R. Cibes  , Héctor Gandía
Published: October 2020

EFFECT OF BOH ON FLOWERING OF PINEAPPLE
Título en español.
Authors: Alejandro Ayala
Published: October 2020

El nemátodo reniforme, Rotylenchulus, Linford y Oliveira, 1940, es uno de los tipos parasíticos más comunes en Puerto Rico. Ataca la mayor parte de las plantas de importancia económica. Se llevó a cabo un experimento en el invernadero con el propósito de estudiar el efecto de este nemátodo en varias de sus plantas-huéspedes. Se probó la inoculación de 10,000 larvas, machos y hembras filiformes, obtenidas de un cultivo en gandur, en 7 especies y variedades de plantas que incluyeron caña de azúcar, café, tabaco, tomate, gandures y piña. Las observaciones se llevaron a cabo durante cuatro meses. Aquí se discuten los resultados obtenidos en cuanto al efecto patógeno del nemátodo y la susceptibilidad de las plantas. Se observaron marcadas diferencias. Se determinó que 5 de las plantas, esto es, tabaco, gandur, tomate y piña, fueron buenas huéspedes. El café fué parcialmente bueno y la caña completamente resistente. Se informa también la presencia de este nemátodo en los nodulos bacterianos de las raíces del gandur.
Título en español.
Authors: Carlos L. González-Molina  , Angel Acosta-Matienzo
Published: October 2020

De un experimento realizado en un semillero de tabaco para observar la eficiencia del alcohol alílico con DD como yerbicida preemergente, y también para determinar el tiempo que se debe esperar para regar la semilla después de aplicado el tratamiento químico, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: 1. El uso del alcohol alílico con DD fue eficaz para controlar los yerbajos del semillero, al compararse este tratamiento con los predios sin tratar. 2. No se observó diferencia significativa alguna entre las distintas proporciones del compuesto usado, por lo que se recomienda aplicar 1 galón de alcohol alílico con DD, todo diluido en 50 galones de agua por cada 1000 pies cuadrados de superficie de semillero. 3. Si las condiciones climáticas son normales, se puede regar la semilla 5 días después del tratamiento, pues en ninguno de los tres intervalos probados pudo observarse que la germinación se afectara significativamente. 4. El uso del alcohol alílico con DD en los semilleros reduce considerablemente el costo de producir plantitas de tabaco para las siembras comerciales; además, las plantitas producidas en los predios tratados se desarrollan con gran vigor, ya que se reduce la incidencia de enfermedados y de nemátodas.
Título en español.
Authors: A. Riollano  , A. Pérez  , C. Ramos
Published: October 2020

Se establecieron dos experimentos en la Subestación Experimental Agrícola de Isabela con el propósito de obtener información para mejorar ciertas prácticas agrícolas en el cultivo de tres variedades de gandur. Los resultados del experimento de siembras mensuales efectuado con las variedades Saragateado, Florido y Kaki demostraron que era posible controlar la altura de las plantas al tiempo de la florecida mediante cambios en las fechas de siembra. Se encontró que había una reducción lineal en el tamaño de las plantas al tiempo de la florecida, a medida que se retardaba la época de siembra durante el transcurso del año. Esto sugiere la posibilidad de ajustar el tamaño de la planta para desarrollar mejores métodos de cosechar, bien sean estos manuales o mecanizados. Sin tomar en cuenta la época de siembra, las variedades Saragateado, Florido y Kaki generalmente florecieron y produjeron cosecha durante los meses de diciembre, enero y febrero. Sin embargo, en todas las ocasiones el Saragateado se comportó como una variedad tardía. El desarrollo y comportamiento de estas tres variedades de gandur sugieren el efecto del fotoperiodismo, requiriéndose días cortos para inducir la florecida. Con las siembras tardías hubo una reducción drástica en la producción, siendo esta reducción más pronunciada en el gandur Saragateado. Las siembras efectuadas a 2, 3 y 4 pies de distancia dentro de la hilera no afectaron en forma significativa la época de la florecida ni la producción. La Kaki es más temprana y más productiva que la variedad Saragateado. Es evidente la necesidad de desarrollar una variedad que sustituya al Saragateado para obtener una cosecha tardía de alta producción.
Título en español.
Authors: G. W. Miskimen
Published: October 2020

Durante el 1958 al 1960, en la isla de Santa Cruz, Islas Vírgenes, se llevó a cabo un estudio de la Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera:Crambidae) y los efectos de sus ataques a la caña de azúcar. La Diatraea es la plaga más nociva de nuestros cañaverales; sus ataques a la variedad B.37161 constituyeron hasta un 43.94 por ciento de todos los entrenudos observados durante el periodo del estudio. El parasitismo de los huevos de la Diatraea por el Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae) llegó a un 97 por ciento en promedio. Las pupas y larvas no se encontraron parasitadas por lo cual se importó el Lixophaga diatraea Townsend (Diptera:Tachinidae) y se distribuyó en cinco sitios de la Isla. Al cabo de nueve meses parece que esta mosca taquinida quedó establecida aquí.
OCCURRENCE OF THE NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA ON PIGEONPEA ROOTS IN PUERIO RICO
Authors: Alejandro Ayala
Published: October 2020

OCCURRENCE OF THE NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA ON PIGEONPEA ROOTS IN PUERIO RICO
Título en español.
Authors: Enrique Ortiz-Torres  , Thomas Theis  , Donald V. McVey
Published: October 2020

Aunque la grave enfermedad del arroz llamada "hoja blanca" está diseminada por todas las áreas arroceras de la América Latina, incluyendo algunas de las islas más cercanas a la nuestra y aunque se sabe que en Puerto Rico se encuentra el insecto vector, no se observaron síntomas de esta enfermedad en tres pruebas experimentales con arroz que se llevaron a cabo en tres distintos sitios de la Isla. Por lo tanto y hasta el presente no hay evidencia alguna de que tengamos esta enfermedad en Puerto Rico, ni en al arroz ni en otras especies susceptibles de hospedarla.
Título en español.
Authors: Conrado F. Asenjo  , Evangelina Recio
Published: October 2020

Se determinó el contenido de metionina y cistina en los 71 platos servidos con mayor frecuencia a la hora del almuerzo en la Cafetería de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. Se encontró que un almuerzo completo compuesto por estos manjares, si se consume todo, puede suministrar entre el 36 y el 90 porciento del requerimiento diario de metionina-cistina.
Distribution and Host Range of the Burrowing Nematode in Puerto Rican Soils
Authors: Ayala Alejandro , Román Jessé
Published: October 2020

Because of quarantine recently established by the State of California on ornamental material imported from Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and Florida, a study was undertaken in 1955, which lasted until 1960, to determine the distribution of the burrowing nematode in Puerto Rico. Six of the most important ornamental nurseries and several localities in which economic important crops are grown were sampled. Eight different ornamental plants were found infected with burrowing nematodes in three of the nurseries. The nematode was found to be widely distributed and a serious problem in one of the nurseries, where it was presumably introduced with infected banana material. In the other two the nematode was present in limited numbers only and infected very few plants. The nematode was well distributed in banana and plantain, in which it caused a root rot condition that usually destroyed whole plantations. The distribution of the nematode and symptoms caused to these crops are discussed. Coffee and noncultivated cotton were also found to be attacked by the nematode. Five of the twelve plant species here reported as hosts of the burrowing nematode in Puerto Rico are probably newly reported hosts.
Effects of Six Sources of Nitrogen on Yields, Soil Acidity, and Leaf Composition of Coffee
Authors: Abruña Fernando , Vicente-Chandler José
Published: October 2020

The effects of heavy applications of nitrogen from six different sources on yields and leaf composition of intensively managed coffee, and on acidity of a Los Guineos clay, were determined under typical conditions in the Coffee Region of Puerto Rico. Lowest yields were obtained when nitrogen was applied as sodium nitrate, while applications of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate-lime, and urea resulted in the production of similar high yields of coffee. Coffee leaves from plots on which the different sources of nitrogen were used were similar in nitrogen, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus contents. However, leaves from the sodium nitrate plots were highest in sodium content and those from the ammonium sulfate plots were highest in manganese content. Soil pH was lowest in the ammonium sulfate, urea, and ammonium nitrate plots, and highest in the sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate-lime plots. Soil from the sodium nitrate plots was highest in exchangeable sodium. It is evident that sodium nitrate should not be used as a source of nitrogen for coffee. The desirability of using nitrogen sources other than ammonium sulfate on soils with a high content of manganese where this element can cause severe toxicity of coffee is also discussed.
SUGAR: AN EFFECTIVE BUT EXPENSIVE NEMATOCIDE
Authors: Román Jessé
Published: October 2020

SUGAR: AN EFFECTIVE BUT EXPENSIVE NEMATOCIDE
A NEW HOST OF ANERISTUS CEROPLASTAE HOWARD (EULOPHIDAE:HYMENOPTERA) IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: Medina Gaud Silverio
Published: October 2020

A NEW HOST OF ANERISTUS CEROPLASTAE HOWARD (EULOPHIDAE:HYMENOPTERA) IN PUERTO RICO
GAMETOGENESIS IN DIATRAEA SACCHARALIS (FABR.)
Authors: Virkii Niilo
Published: October 2020

GAMETOGENESIS IN DIATRAEA SACCHARALIS (FABR.)
Effect of Soil Fumigation Used in the Control of Pineapple Nematodes in Puerto Rico
Authors: Ayala Alejandro , Román Jessé , Gandía Héctor
Published: October 2020

Pineapple production is an important source of income for Puerto Rico. The pineapple plant suffers attacks from several pests, of which plant-parasitic nematodes seem to be most troublesome. In order to evaluate and compare methods for the control of this pest several experiments were conducted in 1951, giving excellent results. More experimentation was deemed necessary to reduce the dosage of the nematocides used and to try a different method of application e.g. split dosages. An experiment was conducted in 1957 in an effort to solve this problem. Excellent results were obtained in relation to growth and appearance of plants and to yield of fruits per acre. EDB and D-D applied in split dosages, and MC-2 were significantly better in pineapple production than single applications of the first two nematocides and the control. Production was increased at least 10 times as compared with the control. These results are significant because they show once more that plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the most important factors in determining pineapple production. When these are controlled, better yields are obtained, even in soils which are not the best for this crop. Furthermore, the dosage can be reduced with the application of the nematocides at two intervals before planting, thus increasing the efficiency of the nematocide and decreasing the cost of application. Further experimentation is needed in order to answer several as yet unanswered questions. Experimentation continues and several tests are underway.
LIMITATIONS OF USE OF OIL-INDICATOR CARDS FOR DETERMINING OIL-SPRAY DEPOSITS ON BANANA LEAVES
Authors: Boyce D. S. , Calpouzos L.
Published: October 2020

LIMITATIONS OF USE OF OIL-INDICATOR CARDS FOR DETERMINING OIL-SPRAY DEPOSITS ON BANANA LEAVES
A Strain of Squash-Mosaic Virus and other Cucurbit Viruses Found in Puerto Rico, During 1958-62
Authors: Enrique Pérez J.
Published: October 2020

1. A virus causing mottle and blistering in leaves of Cucumis melo var. Smith Perfect was isolated from an experimental planting at Río Piedras, P.R., in 1958. Its host range, dilution end-point, thermal inactivation, resistance to freezing, and serological similarity with a severe strain of squash-mosaic virus from Wisconsin (SSV) indicated that it belonged in the squash-mosaic virus group. 2. The studies reported above, as well as tests performed on samples from commercial and experimental cucurbit plantings in Puerto Rico during 1960-62, show that at least three cucurbit viruses are present in Puerto Rico. These are: Cucumber-mosaic virus, squash-mosaic virus, and watermelon-mosaic virus.
Niacin in Puerto Rican Coffees
Authors: Asenjo Conrado F. , Díaz-Rivera Angela Cristina , Recio Eva
Published: October 2020

Samples of roasted coffees retailed in San Juan, P.R., were found to have an average niacin content of 21.3 mg. per 100 gm., with a range from 16.7 to 26.8 mg. per 100 gm., a value which compares favorably with those reported in the literature for roasted coffees from other Latin American communities. Coffee roasted in the laboratory at an average temperature of 129° C, increased in niacin content in proportion to the roasting time. The "Caracolillo" selection recorded the highest content of niacin after 45 minutes of roasting, 34.4 mg. per 100 gm., in comparison to two other local varieties: Bourbon, 10.3 mg. per 100 gm., and Puerto Rico, 11.9 mg. per 100 gm. The niacin content of the green coffee beans ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 mg. per 100 gm. Soluble-coffee concentrates varied greatly in niacin content, ranging from 17 to 59.5 mg. per 100 gm. Coffee beverages as prepared in Puerto Rico contained an average of 2.3 mg. of niacin per 100 ml. It was roughly estimated that at that rate of consumption, and in the form in which coffee is consumed in Puerto Rico, the beverage supplies about 14 percent of the daily allowance of niacin recommended for a healthy adult by the National Research Council.
Influence of Various Phosphate Fertilizers on Yields of Red Spanish Pineapples in Puerto Rico
Authors: Samuels George , Gandía-Díaz Héctor
Published: October 2020

A Bayamón sandy clay was used to evaluate various phosphate sources for fertilizing Red Spanish pineapples. The phosphate sources utilized were simple superphosphate, triple superphosphate, raw-rock phosphate, ammonium metaphosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium metaphosphate, dicalcium metaphosphate, potassium calcium pyrophosphate, and potassium metaphosphate. The results on a plant and a ratoon crop indicated that: 1. There were no significant increases in yield of Red Spanish pineapple for any of the phosphate sources used as compared to the no-phosphate treatment. 2. Yields were significantly lowered over the no-phosphate treatment when diammonium phosphate (20-52-0) was used as a source of phosphate. 3. Mean weight, but not total weight of fruit per acre, was significantly reduced over the no-phosphate treatment when potassium metaphosphate (0-47-28) was used as a source of phosphate.
Further Evaluation of "Valsyn-Gel" in Treatment of Chronic Subclinical Mastitis
Authors: Rivera-Anaya José D. , Berrocal Carlos M.
Published: October 2020

Further studies on the evaluation of "Valsyn-Gel" were carried out, using both sterile and nonsterile preparations of this drug and comparing it with a drug of choice currently used in mastitis control. The object of the study was to obtain a clearer idea of the time-lapse between the treatment of a quarter until organisms showed again, by taking a series of samples of each treated quarter obtained consecutively at 3-day intervals up to 21 days posttreatment. Results showed that the therapeutic efficiency of the nonsterile product ranged from 86.4 percent 3 days after treatment to 63.6 percent 21 days after treatment. With the sterile product the efficiency ranged from 72.7 to 50.0 percent. The drug of choice, a chlortetracycline ointment, showed a higher efficiency than either of the two other products as evaluated. Nevertheless, it seems apparent that the preparations had a high therapeutic value for the first 9 to 12 days following treatment.
The Topping of Sugarcane
Authors: Alers Alers Severiano , Samuels George
Published: October 2020

Experiments were undertaken to determine the influence of the height of topping of sugarcane at harvest on profits. Six cane varieties, P.R. 975, P.R. 980, B. 4362, P.R. 1013, P.R. 1016, and P.R. 1028, growing in both humid and irrigated areas of Puerto Rico were topped at harvested ages of 12, 18, 20, and 22 months. Two heights of topping were used: High, at a point near the spindle, and low, at a point approximately below the tenth node. The results were as follows: 1. In general, low topping was more profitable than the high topping now in commercial use in Puerto Rico. 2. Low topping was most profitable for P.R. 975, which ranged from 89 cents per ton of harvested cane at 12 months to $1.68 per ton at 22 months of age for the humid cane area, and from nothing at 12 months to $1.79 per ton at 22 months of age for irrigated cane. 3. B. 4362, P.R. 980, and P.R. 1013 showed profit from low topping vs. high, with a few exceptions at certain ages. 4. P.R. 1016 gave variable results both for age and location, and P.R. 1028 showed only losses. 5. The reasons for profit or losses attributable to low or high topping are discussed, regarding as indicators the percentage increases in sucrose-percent- cane and losses in cane tonnage resulting from the topping methods.
The Use of Preemergence Herbicides for Weed Control Around Young Coffee Seedlings
Authors: González Ibáñez Jaime
Published: October 2020

The preemergence herbicides Monuron, Diuron, Neburon, Simazine, Atrazine, Amizine, Fenac, Silvex, and DNBP were tested each at three dosages on the surface of soil planted to young coffee seedlings in plastic bags. In general, the best weed control was obtained by using Diuron at the rate of 2 pounds per acre, Neburon at the rate of 16 pounds per acre, Simazine at the rate of 2 pounds per acre, and Amizine at the rates of 2, 4, and 8 pounds per acre. Monuron at 8 pounds per acre caused severe stunting of coffee seedlings and the death of some. Root weight was greatly reduced. Diuron and Atrazine both tended to produce good seedling appearance, but reduced root weight. Fenac and Silvex caused malformed and stunted leaves in surviving coffee seedlings, and DNBP reduced coffee seedling vigor. Untreated checks grew poorly, and were the weediest at all times.
Variation in the B-Carotene and Ascorbic Acid Contents of Lettuce and Carrots as Influenced by Seasonal Changes in Puerto Rico
Authors: Fernández María del C. C.
Published: October 2020

1. Climatic factors such as temperature, number of rainy days, and total rainfall, apparently have no effect on the synthesis of ß-carotene and ascorbic acid in lettuce and carrots, when these are determined during the entire growing period. 2. The ascorbic acid content of lettuce is inversely correlated with the sunlight received by the plant some 10 days prior to harvest. 3. Solar radiation received by lettuce plants during October, January, and February seems to be more favorable to the ß-carotene synthesis than that received during the rest of the year. Days are longer, but solar radiation is milder during this time of the year. 4. Solar radiation in Puerto Rico favors ascorbic acid synthesis in lettuce all year through. 5. Results obtained under the conditions of these studies demonstrate that temperature, number of rainy days, and rainfall have no effect on the ß-carotene and ascorbic acid content of carrots.
IMMUNITY OF SUGARCANE TO THE RENIFORM NEMATODE
Authors: Román Jessé
Published: October 2020

IMMUNITY OF SUGARCANE TO THE RENIFORM NEMATODE
Fallow Controls Nematodes In Tomato Production
Authors: Thorne Gerald , Román Jessé
Published: October 2020

Fallow Controls Nematodes In Tomato Production
Residual Effects of Diuron [3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-Dimethylurea] on the Sugar Content and Sugar-Metabolizing Enzymes of Ratoon Sugarcane 25 Months Following Different Soil Treatment
Authors: Alexander Alex G. , González Ibáñez Jaime
Published: October 2020

A series of sugar and enzyme analyses were conducted with 5- to 6-month-old ratoon sugarcane to study the residual effects of Diuron upon certain sugar metabolizing systems. The cane represented the first ratoon crop growing on a Mabí clay soil treated 25 months previously with the equivalent of 2, 4, and 8 pounds per acre of Diuron. Total leaf ketoses and sucrose were significantly suppressed by 4 and 8 pounds per acre Diuron. Sheath sugars and percentage of sucrose of the juice and cane were only slightly affected by the herbicide. The activity of a number of critical enzymes was significantly altered by Diuron. These included maltase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-6-phosphatase, glucose oxidase, transaminase, l-amino acid oxidase, and catalase. The nature of these variations and their possible consequences to the cane physiology are discussed in detail.
Effect of Storage and Packaging on the Quality of Dehydrated and Dehydrofrozen Pigeonpeas
Authors: Rahman Abdul R.
Published: October 2020

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of type of packaging and temperature of storage on the quality of dehydrated and dehydrofrozen pigeonpeas. Green pigeonpeas were soaked in 0.2-percent solution of sodium hydroxide for 4 hours and then dehydrated. The dehydrated pigeonpeas were packed in polyethylene bags and in tin cans, and stored for 1 year at room temperature, as well as at 100°F. Dehydrofrozen pigeonpeas were packed in polyethylene bags and stored at — 10°F. The results follow. 1. Pigeonpeas packed in polyethylene bags had the lowest total sugars, regardless of the temperature of storage, whereas no noticeable difference in the contents of starch, protein, and reducing sugars was obtained between the different samples. 2. The dehydrofrozen pigeonpeas had the best color. Color deterioration occurred in other samples in the following order: Pigeonpeas in cans stored at room temperature had the best color, in cans at 100°F. the next best, in polyethylene bags at room temperature came next, and in polyethylene bags at 100°F. the poorest color. 3. The dehydrofrozen pigeonpeas, as well as those stored in cans, had better texture (i.e. were more tender) than those stored in polyethylene bags at both temperatures. 4. The organoleptic appraisals indicated that the dehydrofrozen pigeonpeas received somewhat higher scores than the others, followed by those stored in tin cans and in polyethylene bags, respectively. However, the palatability of the pigeonpeas packed in polyethylene bags was not greatly affected, and they received a considerable degree of acceptance from the judges.
Studies on the Stability of Vitamin C at Elevated Concentrations in Canned Tropical Fruit Juices and Nectars
Authors: Rahman Abdul R. , Anziani J. , Díaz Negrón E.
Published: October 2020

Studies were conducted to determine the stability of vitamin C at elevated concentrations in canned tropical fruit juices and nectars. Canned guava nectar, as well as juices of orange, tomato, and pineapple were fortified with ascorbic acid at seven different levels ranging from the original content present in the samples to about 300 mg. per 100 ml. Half of the samples were stored at room temperature and the other similar half at 100°F. for a period of 6 months. The results indicated that the losses of vitamin C were higher in the samples stored at 100°F. than in those stored at room temperature—regardless of the level of concentration. However, in the guava nectar the percentage of vitamin C destruction was relatively higher at lower concentrations and lower at higher concentrations at both temperatures. No such pattern could be observed in the juices. But the losses of vitamin C in the juices at all levels of concentration ranged below 30 percent at room temperature and below 40 percent at 100°F. This is relatively less than the losses that occurred in the guava nectar.
The Handling of Sugarcane Trash in the Humid Areas of Puerto Rico
Authors: Samuels G. , González-Tejera E. , Alers-Alers S.
Published: October 2020

Experiments on handling sugarcane trash were set up at Río Piedras P.R., in the Humid Cane Area, to determine the effect on cane yield and soil properties. The treatments conducted on 17 consecutive crops of 3 plant canes and 14 ratoons consisted of burying the trash, burning the trash, and aligning it in alternate rows. The principal results were as follows: 1. There were significantly lower yields in tons of sugar per acre when the burned-trash and the aligned-trash treatments were compared. This difference did not become significant until the seventh ratoon of the first cycle. 2. The detrimental effect of burning the trash disappeared with the plowing-up of the ratoon and planting a new cane crop. However, the lower yields associated with burning returned earlier in the ratoons for each new cycle. 3. Burying the cane trash resulted in yields of sugar per acre intermediate between those from aligning the trash and burning. 4. There was no significant influence on the sucrose content of the cane from any of the trash-handling treatments. 5. Tons of cane per acre were significantly lower when the trash-burned treatment was used as compared to aligning. This difference occurred later in the ratoons and then was found for tons of sugar per acre. 6. Yields of tons of cane per acre associated with burying the trash were intermediate between those from aligning the trash and burning. 7. The possible roles of organic matter and soil aeration are discussed in relation to the rejuvenation of soils under the trash-burned treatment when plowed and replanted.
Effect of Temperature and Zinc on Development of Tobacco-Mosaic Virus in Resistant and Susceptible Tomatoes
Authors: López García Justo
Published: October 2020

An investigation of the effects of temperature and of zinc on the development of tobacco-mosaic virus (TMV) in resistant and susceptible varieties of tomatoes was conducted under greenhouse conditions. The study included two experiments, one run during late winter and early spring, and the other during late spring and summer, 1963. Each experiment comprised four treatments and two temperatures. The tomato lines Hawaii 6832, OSU-8, and California 62 PM 22 were used as resistant varieties, whereas the OSU-435-4 line was used as the susceptible one. The common strain of tobacco-mosaic virus was used in this study. Zinc foliar sprays were applied to the tomato plants about 10 days before the seedlings were inoculated with TMV. Immediately after inoculation the plants were divided into two lots and moved to the two temperature houses (cool and hot). The virus concentration was determined by the local lesion assay. One gram of leaf tissue from the tomato plants was ground in a mortar with pestle and a 10-ml. buffer solution added. The extracted sap was squeezed through cheesecloth. One carborundum-dusted leaf of Necrotic Turk tobacco was inoculated. The local lesions were subsequently counted and used as a criterium. Increase in temperature tended to increase virus concentration, although the differences were not significant. Fresh weights of the tomato plants were found to be greater at lower temperatures. Zinc foliar sprays resulted in higher virus concentration and in production of an increased number of local lesions when the inoculum prepared from such treated plants was rubbed into Necrotic Turk tobacco leaves. Effects of zinc on fresh weights were not statistically significant. Zinc applied as foliar sprays appeared to be involved in virus synthesis and multiplication, with higher virus concentrations associated with the addition of zinc. The varieties Hawaii 6832 and OSU-8 were highly resistant, the variety California 62 PM 22 was heterozygous for resistance, and the variety OSU- 435-4 was highly susceptible to the common strain of TMV under the conditions prevailing in these experiments.
Evaluation of the Intrinsic Performance of Electrical-Resistance Units for Measuring Soil Moisture
Authors: Capiel Modesto
Published: October 2020

An attempt was made to evaluate the intrinsic performance of plaster electrical-resistance units, independently of any influence of a surrounding soil. Hydrocal B-11 laboratory-constructed blocks appeared to excel gypsum molding-plaster blocks, including Bouyoucos blocks. This superiority of the Hydrocal B-11 blocks has been evaluated in terms of sensitivity and precision of the units. Platinized nickel-rod electrode blocks seemed to improve somewhat the sensitivity and the precision of the blocks. However, as this type of electrode will make the block more expensive, further investigation on the performance of this block type should be made. Hydrocal B-11 cylindrical blocks with a high water: plaster ratio (0.8) appear to be useful in irrigation scheduling if the data are interpreted in terms of energy relationships, rather than in terms of water-volume considerations.
Effects of Variable Calcium and Manganese on the Enzyme, Nucleotide, and Nutrient Constituents of Sugarcane Grown by Sand Culture
Authors: Alexander Alex G. , Samuels George
Published: October 2020

Immature sugarcane was subjected to variable calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) in sand culture. Two levels of Ca were provided in factorial combination with three levels of Mn. Leaf samples were harvested for analysis after 3 months of treatment. There were three objectives: 1, To determine whether Ca could modify the rate of Mn uptake; 2, to determine main effects and interactions of Ca and Mn on specific enzymes; and 3, to study Ca and Mn effects on sugar and nucleotide content of leaves. The following results were obtained : 1. High Ca, 10 meq./liter, enhanced Mn uptake rather than cause Mn suppression. 2. Silicon content was decreased by high Mn (100 p.p.m.), but only when Ca was low. Ca thus is able to interfere with the Mn X Si interaction by which increasing Mn supply decreases Si uptake. 3. Leaf sucrose content was generally higher among plants receiving low Ca. This verifies observations by other workers. 4. High Mn appeared to substitute for high Ca in its influence upon sucrose content and amylase activity. A high-Ca effect upon amylase is induced by Mn without increasing Ca content. 5. High Mn greatly retarded amylase action when Ca supply was low, but had no effect when Ca supply was high. 6. Peroxidase action was relatively high among plants containing less sucrose, verifying earlier observations at this laboratory. High Ca greatly stimulated the enzyme. 7. Content of acid-soluble nucleotides did not vary greatly among treatments. Reducing sugar and total phosphorus content of nucleotide preparations varied strikingly. Sugar content was greatest in preparations from plants receiving both high Ca and high Mn. More than twice as much phosphorus was found in hydrolyzed, low-Ca nucleotide preparations than was present in those of plants receiving high Ca. Ca thus appears to affect the interconversion of organic and inorganic phosphorus. 8. Both Ca and Mn affected the number, concentration, and paper chromatographic properties of unknown fluorescing constituents obtained by anion-exchange chromatography. Adenosine, uridine, cytidine, and glucoseamine were tentatively identified. 9. Paper chromatograms revealed that the sugars glucose, maltose, and raffinose appeared in all peak U.V.-absorbing fractions. Glucoseamine and turanose were apparently present only in plants receiving both low Ca and low Mn. Results of this study suggest that Ca interacts with Mn in mineral absorption and enzyme effects, that Ca can alter known Mn X Si relationships, and that the consequences of variable Ca and Mn content are felt by the plant over a broad range of biochemical reactions.
The influence of Some Soil and Climatic Factors on Sapogenin Yields of Dioscorea
Authors: Martin Franklin W. , Delpín Herminio
Published: October 2020

Plants of two sapogenin-bearing Dioscorea species propagated by two different techniques, were tested at different locations in Puerto Rico over a 3-year period. In an experiment at Mayagüez plants grew best in a loose, well-drained soil, planted on flat beds rather than ridges, and without the addition of organic material (cachaza). In plots at Isabela, Corozal, and Adjuntas sapogenin yields were higher in the Isabela loam than in the heavier clay soils at the other locations. Plants propagated from stem cuttings gave better results in D. floribunda plantings; propagations from tuber pieces gave better results with D. composita. In these trials the propagation method and the effects of climate and soil influenced plant growth and tuber yields, but had little effect on the percentage of sapogenin developed in the tubers. Location effects on total sapogenin production resulted in most cases from differences in tuber yield, rather than in percentage sapogenin. These were the largest controlled experiments conducted with sapogenin-bearing species in Puerto Rico. Although these tests indicate that they are satisfactorily adapted to a wide range of conditions, it is clear that best yields are obtained in good, well-drained soils. Sapogenin yields were sufficiently high to be commercially valuable in all locations tested.
Tissue Engineering – The Current Scenario & Innovations
Authors: Achala Jaglan and YaminiJhanji Dhir
Published: October 2020

Tissue engineering is an emerging field in medical arena which combines the knowledge of science and
engineering to accomplish the increasing demands to aid the damaged tissues or even a whole organ. With
time various methods of tissue engineering such as traditional scaffold method ,advanced 3D bioprinting
technology and the use of bio ink (the extracellular matrix materials) have become popular at various medical
levels.
Scaffold is a 3D structure which results in tissue formation by providing space for cells to attach, to
proliferate in various directions & by secreting extracellular matrix. Also, the recent development is the use of
decellularised extracellular material i.e. dECM as bio-ink to generate vascular organs like Kidney & Heart.
Textiles have been playing an indispensable role in tissue engineering as it provide superior methods over
other ways to fabricate scaffold. The use of smart biomaterial based scaffolds costs less and is more effective
which gives advantage to tailor the tissues according to individual's tissue structure .
This paper reviews the application of textiles technology in tissue engineering, various approaches of tissue
engineering from traditional to the currently used approach , recent advances and its indications.
Waste Management Strategies in Textile & Garment Sector
Authors: Gupta Khusbu Kumari
Published: October 2020

Textiles and Apparel (T&A) sector is one of the most significant industrial sectors and plays a major role
towards contribution to national economy, employment generation and exports in developing countriesand
most essential consumer goods industry. However, textile industry is accused of being one of the most
polluting industries. Not only production but consumption of textiles also produces waste. To counter the
problem, textile industry has taken many measures for reducing its negative contribution towards
environment. One of such measures is textile recycling- the reuse as well as reproduction of fibers from textile
waste. Recycling can be done through thermal, material, chemical and mechanical processes. Textile
recycling is beneficial for environmental and economic conditions, reducing demand for textile chemicals,
requirement of landfill space is reduced, consumption of less energy and reducing of water wastage. Market
research, and efforts are needed to increase consumer awareness and to encourage manufacturers to
increase the use of recycled textile waste into new products. Fashion consumption and sustainability are
often opposing ideas. Fashion consumption is a highly resource-intensive, wasteful practice; and sustainability
frowns on wasteful consumption. Sustainability in the fashion business is still an emerging agenda, not yet
established, and many authors have recognised the importance of investigating how sustainability could be
achieved
Functional finishing for the Men’s corporate ensemble using innate Jute fabrics: An Ingenious approach towards sustainable Ready-to-wear clothing
Authors: Dr. Shelly Khanna, Dr. Amandeep Kaur and Dr. Anu Kathuria
Published: October 2020

Men’s corporate Ready-to-wear clothing has always been a conventional segment of attire as far as the
choice of fabrics, silhouettes, notions and functionality is concerned. But in the latest fashion eras, advances
in the technologies haven’t even left this highbound clothing sector untouched. Instead of keeping warm, good
looking and comfortable; people nowadays, have a much higher demand on clothing and prefer the clothes to
have special properties. Textiles with advanced technology could offer extremities than the conventional
textile forms that work as functional performers for the under looked Men’s clothing sector. Thus, the present
paper aims at achieving the objectives of reinventing the men’s clothing wardrobe with the impressions of
sustainability and style together. In this work, Men’s semi formal waist coats were conceptualized using the
forgotten Jute fabrics infused with Fragrance finishes with the use of essential oils as host-guest complexes
of β-cyclodextrin citrate to impart value added finish durability. It came out to be a novel approach to
re-surface Jute and Men’s formal attire that can be targeted as a big boon for the M2M clothing lines.
The Effect of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Turkish Diesel Consumption Volatility Dynamics
Authors: Ertuğrul H. Murat , Güngör B. Oray , Soytaş Uğur
Published: October 2020

We analyze the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on volatility dynamics of the Turkish diesel market. We observe that a high volatility pattern starts around mid-April, 2020 and reaches its peak on 24/05/2020. This is due to the government imposed weekend curfews and bans on intercity travels. Two policy suggestions are provided. First is a temporary rearrangement of profit margins of dealers and liquid fuel distributors; and, second is a temporary tax regulation to compensate lost tax revenue.
How Dockless Bike Sharing Changes Lives: An Analysis of Chinese Cities
Authors: Jiang Hui , Song Su , Zou Xuan , Lu Lu
Published: October 2020

Dockless bike-share systems have experienced unprecedented growth in China since 2016. This report investigated the comprehensive nationwide impact of dockless systems in 12 Chinese cities with relatively high bike-share usage and a thriving bike-share economy: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Xi’an, Jinan, Xiamen and Lanzhou. The study found that, with effective management and safe infrastructure, dockless bike-share systems can be an excellent last-mile urban mobility solution that enhances connectivity to public transit, reduces carbon emissions by replacing motorized trips, and improves public health by preventing thousands of premature deaths.
A iniciação à docência na formação de professores de Química: um olhar sobre o PIBID a partir de alunos bolsistas
Authors: Lima Francisco Karisson Chagas , Moura Francisco Nunes de Sousa , Silva Wanderson Diogo Andrade da
Published: October 2020

Este estudo se debruça sobre o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) no contexto da formação de professores de Química. Ainda que não contemple todos os alunos dos cursos de licenciatura, o programa tem seu valor ao fomentar a aproximação das instituições de ensino superior às escolas de educação básica. Nesse sentido, objetivamos analisar as percepções de bolsistas de um subprojeto de Química de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior, localizada no interior do Ceará, quanto às contribuições do programa para sua formação inicial. Os dados foram gerados com a aplicação de questionário semiestruturado, analisados com base na significação das respostas. São revelados os impactos do programa para a formação dos futuros professores de Química à medida em que são inseridos no espaço escolar que requer deles o desenvolvimento de habilidades para lidar com a dinâmica do trabalho docente.
Considerations on unfair terms in bank credit contracts
Authors: Chirieac Roxana
Published: October 2020

Over the last few years, we have seen an increasingly number of case law that was presented before national courts as well as the European Court of Justice concerning unfair terms in bank credit contracts. This subject was raised especially during the crisis in which the swiss francs had appreciated, leading numerous customers that had previously taken bank loans in this currency unable to pay back loans that had risen in almost half their value. Development in international and national legislation, such as Law no. 193/2000 concerning unfair terms in contracts concluded between professionals and consumers, that transposed into our national legislation the Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts, both restricted or banned the use of such practices and were in force long before the crisis was generated. This however did not stop credit institutions from inserting these types of clauses in the contracts that they had concluded. The issue that we aim to treat in this article is whether the recent practices of credit and bank institutions has changed over the course of the last few years, given the development of jurisprudence that most often than not condemns abusive or unfair terms in credit agreements with consumers.
Effecten van preventieve maatregelen tegen alcoholintoxicaties onder jongeren in Nederland en toekomstplannen voor België
Authors: Ouwehand S , de Veld L , Callens M , Van Hal G , De Dooy J , van der Lely N
Published: October 2020

Alcoholgebruik bij jongeren kan leiden tot onomkeerbare gezondheidsschade. In Nederland geldt er sinds 2014 een minimumleeftijdsgrens voor alcohol. Deze ligt op achttien jaar. Het afgelopen decennium heeft men de ziekenhuisopnames van jongeren met een alcoholintoxicatie geregistreerd en geanalyseerd. In de periode 2007-2011 nam dit aantal jaarlijks toe, waarna het redelijk stabiel bleef tussen 700-900 opnames per jaar. Tussen 2007 en 2017 steeg de gemiddelde leeftijd van 14,9 tot 15,4 jaar, terwijl het aantal tien- tot veertienjarigen daalde. Ouders zijn strenger geworden naar minderjarige kinderen toe. Er is echter een toename merkbaar in de ethanolspiegel en de duur van het bewustzijnsverlies. Het blijft noodzakelijk om verder te investeren in preventieve maatregelen om jongeren te beschermen tegen de gevaren van alcohol, zowel in Nederland als in België. De effecten van het verhogen van de leeftijdsgrens in Nederland kunnen brandstof zijn voor de discussie hieromtrent in België.
SCHOOL HEAD STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Jaya Jaya
Published: October 2020

The Government has established qualifications and competency standards for education personnel, including Minister of Education Regulation No. 24/2008 concerning school administrative staff competencies, Minister of Education Regulation No.26/2008 concerning laboratories competence, Minister of Education Regulation No. 27/2008 concerning school counselor competencies. School education personnel who have met these standards can be said to be professional education staff. To meet these standards, principals must take special steps, hereinafter referred to as strategic management. This study aims to determine and study the empirical picture of the strategic problems faced by Jambi City 1 High School, Muara Bungo 1 High School and Sungai Penuh City 1 and Sungai Penuh School and the strategy undertaken in responding to the needs of the development of education staff in the future to respond to global competition. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, with data collection techniques using interviews, observation and document studies. Data analysis is performed through data display, data reduction and data verification processes. The results of this study are generally the state of professionalism of the teaching staff in Jambi Province State Senior High School not all meet the standards set by the Government. The strategic management of the headmaster of SMA Negeri 1 in Jambi Province begins with a school self-evaluation. The results of the school self-evaluation serve as a reference for the school principal in the formulation of the school's vision, mission and goals as well as the principal's policy in developing professionalism of the teaching staff.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA MENGAJAR GURU TK AL ISRO KOTA JAMBI MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DENGAN TEKNIK OBSERVASI KELAS
Authors: Yusliarti Yusliarti
Published: October 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan aktivitas dan kinerja mengajar guru TK Al Isro’ kota Jambi selama dilakukan supervisi akademik dengan teknik observasi kelas. Hasil dari penelitian ini, setelah dilakukan Supervisi Akademik dengan dua siklus mengalami peningkatan, pada siklus I dengan skor 63,25 dengan Kategori C meningkat 6,25%. Pada siklus II meningkat 22,50% dengan Skor 79,50, dengan kategori B, ketuntasan kasikal 100%. Kinerja mengajar pada aspek melaksanakan pembelajaran kondisi pra siklus dengan skor 61,05, kategori C, kondisi siklus I meningkat 0,30% dengan skor 61,35, kategori C, setelah siklus II Meningkat 15,31% dengan skor 76,36, dengan kategori B, ketuntasan klasikal 100%. Sedangkan Kinerja mengajar pada aspek mengevaluasi hasil belajar siswa kondisi pra siklus dengan skor 56,93, kategori C, setelah siklus I meningkat 0,03% dengan skor 56,95 kategori C. Setelah siklus II meningkat 18,63% dengan skor 75,56, ketuntasan klasikal 100% dengan kategori B.