bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of CD101-expressing CD4 T cells in HIV/SIV pathogenesis and persistence
Authors: Strongin Zachary , Hoang Timothy N. , Tharp Gregory K. , Rahmberg Andrew R. , Harper Justin L. , Nguyen Kevin , Franchitti Lavinia , Cervasi Barbara , Lee Max , Zhang Zhan , Boritz Eli A. , Silvestri Guido , Marconi Vincent C. , Bosinger Steven E. , Brenchley Jason M. , Kulpa Deanna A. , Paiardini Mirko
Published: July 2022

Despite the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose major challenges, with extensive pathogenesis during acute and chronic infection prior to ART initiation and continued persistence in a reservoir of infected CD4 T cells during long-term ART. CD101 has recently been characterized to play an important role in CD4 Treg potency. Using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV infection in rhesus macaques, we characterized the role and kinetics of CD101+CD4 T cells in longitudinal SIV infection. Phenotypic analyses and single-cell RNAseq profiling revealed that CD101 marked CD4 Tregs with high immunosuppressive potential, distinct from CD101-Tregs, and these cells also were ideal target cells for HIV/SIV infection, with higher expression of CCR5 and α4β7 in the gut mucosa. Notably, during acute SIV infection, CD101+CD4 T cells were preferentially depleted across all CD4 subsets when compared with their CD101-counterpart, with a pronounced reduction within the Treg compartment, as well as significant depletion in mucosal tissue. Depletion of CD101+CD4 was associated with increased viral burden in plasma and gut and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. While restored during long-term ART, the reconstituted CD101+CD4 T cells display a phenotypic profile with high expression of inhibitory receptors (including PD-1 and CTLA-4), immunsuppressive cytokine production, and high levels of Ki-67, consistent with potential for homeostatic proliferation. Both the depletion of CD101+cells and phenotypic profile of these cells found in the SIV model were confirmed in people with HIV on ART. Overall, these data suggest an important role for CD101-expressing CD4 T cells at all stages of HIV/SIV infection and a potential rationale for targeting CD101 to limit HIV pathogenesis and persistence, particularly at mucosal sites.
Monarchy and Universities in the Hispanic kingdoms (13th-15th centuries): interventionism in their government and funding
Authors: González Susana Guijarro
Published: July 2022

This paper studies the differences between the Crowns of Castile and Aragon in the relationship between monarchy and universities in the Late Middle Ages. In the case of the first Castilian universities, it nuances the excessive importance that historiography has granted to the monarchs in their foundation and instead stresses that the initiative came from bishops and cathedral chapters before being seconded by royalty. It also describes the changes in the royal intervention in university funding and protection. As regards the Crown of Aragon, it emphasises the role of the urban oligarchy in the municipal corporations in the creation of the universities, together with the king and the bishops. This was the reason for the importance of municipal funding despite the initial opposition in the 13th century to an institution with its own jurisdiction that was outside its control.
Estrategia metodológica para evaluar la percepción de empresarios de alojamientos turísticos sobre la Responsabilidad Ambiental Empresarial
Authors: Badano María Candela , Gallucci Soledad , Rodriguez Cecilia Alejandra
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo estudia la Responsabilidad Ambiental Empresarial en alojamientos turísticos en el contexto latinoamericano, entendiendo la misma como factor relevante para la toma de decisiones tendientes a la sostenibilidad de los destinos turísticos. En este sentido, el conocimiento acerca de la percepción del empresariado sobre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial permite a investigadores y gestores del Turismo conocer el grado de concientización y compromiso respecto a la cuestión ambiental. En particular, se plantea como objetivo desarrollar un instrumento metodológico integrado por indicadores que permitan evaluar la percepción de los empresarios de alojamientos turísticos sobre la Responsabilidad Ambiental Empresarial. Los resultados del artículo exponen un conjunto de 76 indicadores, en cuyo diseño se contemplan diferentes dimensiones de la Responsabilidad Ambiental Empresarial. La investigación utiliza una estrategia cualitativa y cuantitativa como enfoque mixto de investigación.
Cambios y permanencias en la localización espacial de las imágenes turísticas de Uruguay (1954 – 2017): de la promoción oficial a Instagram
Authors: Paül i Agustí Daniel , Campodónico Rossana
Published: July 2022

La imagen turística ha tendido a construirse a partir de un equilibrio entre imagen emitida e imagen percibida. A lo largo del siglo XX la imagen emitida por gobiernos y empresas era mayoritaria. En cambio, en la última década la imagen percibida por los turistas ha aumentado su difusión, modificando, eventualmente, ese equilibrio.El presente artículo analiza, sobre la base del caso de Uruguay, hasta qué punto la imagen que difunden los turistas en Instagram coincide espacialmente con la imagen turística que se había proyectado durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto como son pocas las zonas que presentan una continuidad temporal. Esta situación muestra como los intereses de empresas e instituciones no siempre coinciden con los del turista.
Offshoring and reshoring of services in tourism: a round trip
Authors: Lillo Bañuls Adelaida , Fuster Begoña , Martínez Mora Carmen
Published: July 2022

Coinciding with the onset of the economic crisis in 2007, a reshoring process, consisting in the return to the home country of part or all of the activities previously offshored abroad can be observed in all advanced economies. This study aims to analyse for first time whether this strategy has affected the tourism sector. The results show that between 2007 and 2010 a major reshoring process took place in the tourism sub-sectors, while in 2015, the levels of offshoring recovered slightly but did not compensate the previous strong decline. This reshoring strategy in tourism has basically been carried out through a replacement of foreign suppliers with national suppliers.
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--the philosophical principle of artificial general intelligence and give an example
Authors: Ma Chao
Published: July 2022

In recent years, with the development of brain science, neuroscience and cognitive science, artificial intelligence technology has made a series of achievements.however, it still fails to achieve the human level of universal artificial intelligence, and the cognitive structure and consciousness are still unsolved mysteries.this paper integrates the evolutionary lawsof the universe, life and thinking, summarizes a modelof generated general intelligence and reveal its philosophical principle and algorithm structure, thencalculates the functions of thinking and consciousnessone by one.the results show that the model and its based principles and algorithms conform to the essential characteristics of biology, physics, neuroscience, cognitive science and philosophy of intelligent species. It is a first implementation modelof artificialgeneral intelligence that truly simulates human intelligence.this paper reveals the essence of cognition, thinking and consciousness, which is the first time to find the operation mode of the last mysterious zone thathuman brain, and also the first answer to the origin of philosophy and the mystery of human mind since human history.
"Wir wollten doch nur Fußball spielen!" Die Anfänge des Frauenfußballs im Saarland und die Aufhebung des Spielverbots im Jahr 1970
Authors: Lennartz Saskia
Published: July 2022

Saskia Lennartz widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie sich der saarländische Frauenfußball, insbesondere in den Jahren 1970-74, entwickelt hat. Die Untersuchung skizziert nicht nur einen historischen Abriss, sondern beschäftigt sich auch mit den Erlebnissen der ehemaligen Spielerinnen und zieht ein Vergleich zu Gesamtdeutschland. Denn geprägt von Verboten, Auseinandersetzungen, Spott und erst später Anerkennung war der Fußball für Frauen ein Sport, für den sie lange kämpfen mussten. Die eigenständigen Bemühungen für jegliche Art von Anerkennung ziehen sich durch die komplette Anfangszeit des Frauenfußballs im Saarland.
konstruktiv konkrete kunst - Grundlage einer genuinen »Form-Farben-Sprache«?
Authors: Franke Elk
Published: July 2022

Franke geht, angelehnt an die Vorstellungen von Musik als einer eigenständigen Sprache, der Frage nach, ob dies auch für bestimmte Entwicklungen in der Kunst gelten könnte. Initiativen dazu zeigten sich erstmals in der konstruktiv-konkreten Avantgarde (Malewitsch, Mondrian u.a.) zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts, die sich bewusst von der bisherigen Tradition einer mimetischen (nachahmenden) Kunst löste. Sie entwickelte den Anspruch, mit Kunst die Welt nicht nur unterschiedlich durch Formen und Farben zu interpretieren, sondern auch ein eigenes Aussagesystem zu entwickeln, durch das die Welt in anderer Weise erkannt werden kann. Im Rückgriff auf minimalistische Formen (Rechteck, Dreieck, Linie etc.) als eine Art »Vokabular« und einem syntaktischen Form-Farben-System (einer Art »Kunst-Grammatik«) systematisierten Jahrzehnte später vor allem die »Zürcher Konkreten« (u.a. Bill und Lohse) diese Elemente im Sinne einer »Kunst-Sprache«. Franke untersucht diese Bemühungen hinsichtlich des Anspruchs und der kulturellen Wirkung.
Spielen und Fragen - ein Labyrinth
Authors: Eichberg Henning
Published: July 2022

Eichberg erinnert in seinem Beitrag an einen Aspekt, der in Definitionen des Spiels häufig übersehen wird: die Neugier. Spielerische Neugier erweist sich für ihn deutbar mit Bezug auf ein Labyrinth, das als »Wendekreis« angelegt, immer wieder neu kreative Herausforderungen und Entscheidungen in Handlungssituationen notwendig macht. In der chinesischen Philosophie wird diese spielerische Neugier im Spannungsfeld von Langeweile und Traum expliziert und in der Philosophie Nietzsches (»Also sprach Zarathustra«) erhält sie durch die dort gezeigte permanente Bereitschaft zum Fragen und Infragestellung bekannter Lebensformen eine kulturell anerkannte Bedeutung.
Körper-Wissen - Chancen und Risiken im Wuchern der Neurodiskurse?
Authors: Hietzge Maud
Published: July 2022

Maud Hietzge thematisiert im Folgenden die Fundamente körperlichen Wissens in Abgrenzung zum Wissen über den Körper. Im Körperwissen liegt die Basis vorbewusster Erkenntnis (Franke) und leiblicher Proto-Reflexivität, was in die wissenschaftliche Anerkennung körperlicher Weltaneignung eingehen muss. Dies zeigt sich u.a. in Prozessen sozialer Symbolisierung, lautloser interkorporealer Abstimmungsprozesse, Spielintelligenz oder komplexer chirurgischer Fertigkeiten. Die Relevanz für die Sportpädagogik/-soziologie ergibt sich aus der Konsequenz, dass sich mit der Erweiterung des Wissensbegriffs um körperliche Dimensionen die Diskussion um die Legitimation des Spiel-, Sport- und Bewegungsunterrichts erledigt haben sollte. Voraussetzung einer solchen Grundlegung ist eine auf Reflexivität und Mündigkeit abhebende Artikulation fachlicher Inhalte. In diesem Zusammenhang kritisiert die Verfasserin neurodidaktische Vereinnahmungen genuiner Körperthematisierung als kontraproduktiv. Aus der Veränderung der Wissenskonzeption resultiert eine an Reflexivität gebundenes Kompetenzkonzept.
Die Politik des Kinderkriegens
Authors: Schultz Susanne
Published: July 2022

Zu viel Bevölkerung oder zu wenig? Wer soll Kinder bekommen und wer vom Gebären abgehalten werden? Kinderkriegen ist eingebunden in mächtige Regierungsstrategien, die auf Körper und Bevölkerungen abzielen. Das malthusianische Denken geht noch weiter, indem es fast alle Krisen unserer Zeit zu Bevölkerungsproblemen umdeutet. Der Status quo von sozialer Ungleichheit, Rassismus und globaler Zerstörung bleibt dabei allerdings unberührt. Susanne Schultz seziert das demografische Denken und versammelt Analysen deutscher Kinderwunsch-, Familien- und Migrationspolitik. Dabei hinterfragt sie auch eine »demografisierte« Klimadebatte und kritisiert repressive globale Verhütungsprogramme.
Wie wir uns an der Universität aufführen
Authors: Suchard Anna
Published: July 2022

Alles, was sich zwischen Menschen vollzieht, ist performativ wirksam und kann daraufhin überprüft und (um-)gestaltet werden. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Performativität akademischer und gesellschaftlicher Wirklichkeiten bleiben jedoch häufig unterreflektiert. Anna Suchard zeigt, dass sich insbesondere zwischen den impliziten Normativitäten des zunehmend linearisierend agierenden Hochschulbetriebs und gesellschaftlich formulierten Zielen enorme Widersprüche bilden. Ihre dramaturgische Analyse, wie die konkrete Herstellung dieser Wirklichkeiten geschieht, lässt die Widersprüche sichtbar und verhandelbar werden - Rückenwind für all jene, die sich für eine ernst gemeinte Inter- und Transdisziplinarität einsetzen.
Samuel Becketts »Crazy Inventions for Television«
Authors: Schmidt Nicola
Published: July 2022

Die Anthologie Beginning to End ist zweifelsfrei als eigenständiges Werk dem Kanon von Samuel Beckett hinzuzufügen. Das macht Nicola Schmidt mit ihrer Analyse der Fernsehspiele He, Joe, Not I, Quadrat I+II sowie Nacht und Träume deutlich. Da sich hier bereits alle für Beckett zentralen Motive (Thematik, Verfahrensweise, Umgang mit dem Material) vereinen, kann die Anthologie als generelle Blaupause für sein künstlerisches Schaffen herangezogen werden. Der diesem Erkenntnisprozess zugrunde liegende Bezugsraum erstreckt sich von Dantes Inferno (1320), über Schopenhauers Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung (1819) bis zu Deleuze' Erschöpfungstheorem (1992).
Gegenwart und Zukunft von Kultur- und Theaterentwicklungsplanung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Eichenlaub Melina , Hartmann Vanessa , Rasche Rebecca , Sinka Esther
Published: July 2022

Thomas Schmidt, Melina Eichenlaub, Vanessa Hartmann, Rebecca Rasche und Esther Sinka widmeten sich in ihrem Beitrag der Situation der Theater-Entwicklungsplanung (TEP) in der Bundesrepublik als auch möglicher Szenarien ihres zukünftigen Einsatzes. Dabei untersuchten sie die Instrumente in Berlin, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Thüringen. Die Frage lautete, ob und unter welchen Voraussetzungen die Darstellenden Künste mit Hilfe der TEP nachhaltig abgesichert werden können. Die Forscher*innen kamen zu dem Ergebnis, dass ein einheitliches Modell für die TEP in allen Bundesländern, eine Steigerung des Förderanteils der freien Darstellenden Künste, bessere Arbeitsbedingungen für Theaterkünstler*innen sowie eine direktere Kommunikation zwischen ihnen und der Kulturpolitik nötig sind, um die Darstellenden Künste nachhaltig abzusichern.
PENGARUH POLA ASUH ORANG TUA TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK
Authors: Vidyani Sari Nindy
Published: July 2022

Unfiltered globalization can lead to information and actions that are inconsistent with Pancasila and religious values. This is what triggers character degradation and violations of applicable norms. Therefore, character education is a strategic step in maintaining character, in this case the character of the child. In the process of teaching character education to children, it is necessary to have a harmonious relationship between parents and children. This study aims to determine the importance of character education from an early age as an effort to strengthen the character of the nation's next generation and to find out the types of parenting styles that can make the child's education process run well. The method used in this study is a literature review that examines relevant information. The results show that character education has great urgency in maintaining Pancasila and religious values ​​in the midst of the onslaught of global culture. In terms of parent-child interaction, democratic parenting is the most ideal parenting style to apply because it can support a harmonious relationship so that character education can run well for children.
AIDS as God’s Punishment: Examining Ibn Majah’s Sexual Ethics And Implication of Transgression
Authors: Maufur Maufur , Zuhri Saifuddin
Published: July 2022

There are still many religious communities who regard AIDS as a curse and punishment from God. Where do the assumptions and discourse come from? And what are the consequences of these assumptions. This paper then sees that one of these assumptions resulted from the Sunan Ibn Majah (number 4019) where there is the word Fahisha. But in the end of our article, we conclude that the Hadith in Ibn Majah is far from talking about divine punishment, rather about the Tawhid according to which Muslims should behave in this world. The Tawhid serves as Islamic morality that is extended from the individual to the social. The Hadith as a whole is basically dealing with social problems as a result of social ignorance to the principles of the Tawhid, which consist of liberation of human consciousness, human equality and social solidarity as the basis of Islamic morality.
Economic Thought of Ibn Taimiyah and Relevance to the World Economic and Community Economic System
Authors: Maulidizen Ahmad
Published: July 2022

This article describes the biography and economic thinking of Ibn Taimiyah, a great Muslim thinker in 1263 M / 661 H - 1328 M / 728 H. This research is a research library with a descriptive approach. And explain the analysis of the Economic Thought of Ibn Taimiyah and Relevance to The World Economic and Community System. Data collection methods in this study using documentation, then analyzed using inductive, deductive and comparative methods. His contributions and thoughts regarding (1) buying and selling transactions include fair prices, market mechanisms, and price regulation, (2) Money and monetary policy, including the characteristics and functions of money, decreasing currency values, and a bad currency will get rid of the currency the good one. Ibn Taimiyyah has a framework that is in line with the opinion that states that the Islamic economy, both its system and its law, is an integral part of the world economic system and society.[Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang biograpi dan pemikiran ekonomi Ibn Taimiyah, seorang pemikir Muslim besar Tahun 1263 M/661 H – 1328 M/728 H. This research is a library research with descriptive approach. That is to describe or explain the analysis of Economic Thought of Ibn Taimiyah and Relevance with The World Economic and Community System. Data collection methods in this study using documentation, then analyzed using inductive, deductive and comparative methods. Sumbangan dan pemikirannya mengenai (1) transaksi jual beli meliputi harga yang adil, mekanisme pasar, dan regulasi harga, (2) Uang dan kebijakan moneter, meliputi karakteristik dan fungsi uang, penurunan nilai mata uang, dan Mata uang yang buruk akan menyingkirkan mata uang yang baik. Ibn Taimiyyah mempunyai kerangka pikir yang sejalan dalam pendapat yang menyatakan bahwa ekonomi syariah, baik sistem maupun hukumnya, merupakan bagian tak terpisahkan dari sistem pemerintahan dan ketatanegaran.]
Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala Holandesa Breve de Adicción al Trabajo en Venezuela
Authors: Millán de Lange Anthony Constant , D'Aubeterre-López María Eugenia , Mebark Charms Moisés Roberto , Trabucco Ferro Juan Carlos , Álvarez Iriarte Claudia Marcela , Rincón Macea Carlos Andrés , Martinez-Banfi Martha Luz , Molinares Brito Carmen Margarita
Published: July 2022

La escala holandesa breve de adicción al trabajo (DUWAS-10), ha sido ampliamente utilizada pero dada la existencia de dudas en el diseño de los estudios factoriales anteriores para minimizar los sesgos de indeterminación factorial y confirmatorio, así como la ausencia de normas refinadas para su corrección y parámetros locales para su interpretación, nos llevó a realizar una evaluación de su estructura factorial solventando estas limitaciones de diseño metodológico, para luego comparar su capacidad predictiva con respecto a la de la estructura de los estudios originales, con respecto al bienestar psicológico y sus componentes, de manera de poder elegir el modelo más pertinente que permita utilizar a esta escala como un instrumento de tamizaje en el contexto de la salud mental ocupacional que promueve el Estado venezolano, así como brindar información útil que ayude en la inclusión de la adicción al trabajo dentro de las listas de enfermedades ocupacionales a nivel nacional, e internacional. Adicionalmente y para facilitar el psicodiagnóstico, se presenta una tipología de 2 clústeres capaces de discriminar los diferentes grados de bienestar psicológico general y sus factores componentes en cuanto al diagnóstico categorial de la adicción al trabajo.
Intestinal microbiota in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease depending on the gallbladder function
Authors: Stepanov Yu. M. , Zavhorodnia N. Yu. , Tatarchuk O. M. , Klenina I. A. , Hrabovska O. I. , Zyhalo E. V. , Petishko O. P. , Vishnarevska N. S. , Dolhopolova V. V.
Published: July 2022

Aim. To determine the features of the intestinal microbiota in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) depending on the functional state of the gallbladder.
Materials and methods. A total of 73 children aged 10–17 years (mean age – 12.15 ± 2.51 years) were examined. According to body mass index, transient elastography (Fibroscan®), and ultrasound data, the patients were divided into 3 groups: group I – 35 obese children with NAFLD and gallbladder hypokinesia, group II – 30 obese children with NAFLD and gallbladder normokinesia, group III (control) – 8 healthy children with normal weight and gallbladder normokinesia. Contractile function of the gallbladder was assessed by ultrasound examination after physiological food loading. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and lactose absorption were assessed with the hydrogen breath test (HBT) with lactose loading using a Gastrolyzer (Bedfont Scientific Ltd, UK). Qualitative and quantitative intestinal microbiome composition were studied using bacterial culture method with ten-fold dilutions (10-1–10-9) on standard sets of selective and differential-diagnostic culture media for the isolation of aerobic and anaerobic microbes. Fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content was evaluated with gas chromatography (Chromatec-Crystal-5000).
Results. Lactose-dependent SIBO was observed in almost half of NAFLD patients (42.9 %) without significant differences depending on functional activity of the gallbladder. Patients with decompensated dysbiosis predominated in group I children (37.1 % of patients). In group II children, the subcompensated dysbiosis was more common (36.7 % of patients). The concentration of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus in group I patients was significantly 1.9 times (P < 0.05) and 1.4 times (P < 0.05) lower, respectively, than that in group IІ patients. The level of fecal acetic acid and butyric acid in group I children was 6.9 and 2.0 times (P < 0.05) increased, respectively, compared to control group, assuming bile acids involvement in the regulation of microbiome composition.
Conclusions. Impaired contractile function of the gallbladder in NAFLD children is associated with a sharp decrease in the number of major symbionts of the intestinal microbiota as well as increased production of acetic and butyric SCFA.
Hiatal hernia types and their radiological diagnostics in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Nykonenko A. O. , Haidarzhi Ye. I. , Letkeman T. V.
Published: July 2022

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal pathology. In more than 80–90 % of patients, GERD is caused by the presence of hiatal hernia, leading to the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter. Therefore, experts increasingly agree that GERD can be effectively treated surgically in this case with a detailed diagnosis and assessment of hiatal hernia types. One of the most common methods for diagnosing hiatal hernia is radiological. But the results of the data interpretation obtained during preparation for surgical treatment are contradictory. This situation requires work continuation in this direction.
The aim of the study was to improve radiological diagnosis and conduct a detailed analysis of the hiatal hernia types in GERD patients.
Materials and methods. The examination results of 120 patients with GERD were analyzed. The mean age was 55.1 ± 10.7, there were 34 (28.3 %) men, 73 (71.7 %) women. In all patients, polypositional radiological examination (“Opera T 90cex”, “General Medical Merate S.p.A.”, Italy) of the esophagus, stomach with a water-soluble contrast agent (barium), photographic fixation, video recording and video analysis was performed. An internationally accepted classification was used to assess the hiatal hernia types. All patients were candidates for surgical treatment by laparoscopic cruroraphy and Nissen or Toupet fundoplication. The results of the preoperative examination were specified intraoperatively. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed using the Statistica for Windows 13.0 software package (StatSoft Inc., USA).
Results. In all patients, hiatal hernias were diagnosed. Type I hernias – in 94 (78.3 %) patients, type II hernias – in 3 (2.5 %), type III hernias – in 15 (12.5 %), type IV was detected in 8 (6.7 %) patients. The features of radiological diagnostic of hiatal hernia types were analyzed in detail, and steps to improve it were proposed. The issues of large and giant hernias diagnosis and definition were addressed. All results were illustrated with our own photographic material. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of the obtained results was carried out.
Conclusions. The leading role of various hiatal hernia types in the development of GERD has been suggested. Type I hiatal hernia has been presented as the most common among such patients. Detailed X-ray diagnostics with the use of photographic fixation, video recording and video analysis has been shown to be the important and effective method for determining the anatomical features of hiatal hernia types as the main factors of the esophagogastric junction disruption and, consequently, the development of GERD.
The role of the NGAL biomarker in the assessment of early and prediction of late graft function in kidney transplantation from a living related donor
Authors: Kyrychenko M. I.
Published: July 2022

The aim. To study the role of NGAL in assessing the recovery of early graft function (GF) and in predicting GF in the first year after kidney transplantation (KT) from a living-related donor (LRD).
Materials and methods. For this aim, a total of 60 kidney recipients who underwent KT from LRDs were examined. To study the early GF, NGAL concentrations in urine samples were measured on days 1, 2, 3, 7 after KT. To study the late GF, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated at 3, 6, 12 months after KT. To study the prognosis of GF during the first year after KT, the relationship between u-NGAL and GFR levels at 3, 6, 12 months after KT was analyzed. The incidence of acute kidney transplant rejection (AKTR), delay of graft function (DGF), primary non-function was recorded.
Results. DGF was observed in 5 (8.33 %) recipients with statistically significantly increased mean NGAL levels (P < 0.05) on days 1, 2, 3, 7 as compared to those in normal GF. AKTR was detected in 10 (16.67 %) recipients with statistically significantly increased mean NGAL levels (P < 0.05) on days 1, 2, 3, 7 compared to those in normal GF. Primary allograft non-function was diagnosed in 8 (13.33 %) recipients with statistically significantly increased mean NGAL levels (P < 0.05) on days 1, 2, 3, 7 compared to those in normal GF. Assessing the relationship between NGAL levels on days 1, 2, 3, 7 and GFR at 3, 6, 12 months after transplantation, it was found that GFR was higher in recipients with NGAL levels on days 1, 2, 3, 7 after transplantation within the reference values (<131.7 ng/ml) than that in recipients with NGAL levels on days 1, 2, 3, 7 after transplantation above 131.7 ng/ml.
Conclusions. Evaluation of NGAL after KT informs about the restoration of renal function (rapid decrease in NGAL) or the development of complications (DGF, primary allograft non-function, AKTR) with slow decrease or increase in NGAL levels. Thus, u-NGAL is an early, non-invasive and accurate predictor of the need for dialysis in the first week after KT and the restoration of GF within 12 months.
Diagnostics of chronic exercise-induced urticaria in a child (a case report)
Authors: Yartseva D. O. , Nedelska S. M.
Published: July 2022

This article shows a case report of exercise-induced urticaria diagnosis in an 8-year-old boy.
The aim of this work is to show diagnostic peculiarities of chronic urticaria with known trigger.
The necessity of diagnostic algorithm fully implementation is emphasized, even in presence of a clear correlation with trigger factor (in this case – physical exertion). The described case is interesting because previously healthy child without anamnesis of allergic and another chronic disease developed urticaria and symptoms of angioedema without visible cause.
Objective examination did not reveal any clinically significant abnormalities except moderate nasal congestion, which was neglected by both the patient and his parents. His was without a past medical history of fever. The child underwent laboratory and instrumental examinations: clinical blood, urine and biochemical tests, immunological tests (cell-mediated and humoral immunity, phagocytosis). Acute phase response was within normal ranges.
Total IgE was increased to 100.5 IU/ml, increased levels of specific IgE to cat allergen (41.13 кU/l), serum ß-lactoglobulin of cow’s milk (2.95 кU/l) and lamb meat (0.41 кU/l) were detected. Autoserum test was positive (histamine – papula of 5 mm, hyperemia of 15 mm, negative control – 0, patient’s serum – papula of 16.5 mm, hyperemia of 24 mm); thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid hormone levels were within normal ranges. Tests for physical urticarial were performed: aquagenic, cold, heat, vibratory were negative, dermographic urticaria was positive, test with physical exercise (treadmill) was positive (small-sized wheals and lower eyelid angioedema developed on the 14th minute of sweating).
Detailing of anamnestic data revealed an appearance of small wheals after emotional sufferings, and a single episode of difficulty breathing with urticaria and angioedema symptoms while playing football).
Conclusions. Thus, extended detailed diagnostics of this clinical case has revealed the combined influence of several factors (dermographic, physical exertion, sensitization to some allergens, autoimmune variant of urticaria/angioedema) clarifying that symptoms could be mediated by both IgE- and non-IgE-dependent mechanism in the same patient. Primary diagnosis of “chronic exercise-induced urticaria” has been changed to “anaphylaxis” requiring another approach to treatment and follow-up.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and obesity: influence of key risk factors on the development of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant women
Authors: Bahnii L. V. , Heriak S. M. , Bahnii N. I.
Published: July 2022

The aim of our study is to assess the development of obstetric and perinatal complications in obese pregnant women with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) depending on changes in blood lipid spectrum and body mass index (BMI).
Materials and methods. We examined 98 pregnant women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at the stage of NASH in combination with obesity. The control group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women. All pregnant women with NAFLD and abdominal obesity were divided into 3 groups depending on BMI: Group I – 26 pregnant women with BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m², Group II – 48 pregnant women with BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2, Group III – 24 pregnant women with BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2. Correlations of obstetric complications depending on changes in lipid metabolism and BMI were determined.
Results. The analysis of obstetric complications revealed 3.4 times higher risk of early miscarriage in group I, 5.6 times – in group II, 7.5 times – in group III compared the control group (P < 0.05); early gestosis occurred 1.9 times more often in group I, 2.5 times – in group II, 3.3 times – in group III as compared to that in pregnant women of the control group (P < 0.05); the threat of premature birth was found 3.4 times more frequently in group I, 5.6 times – in group II, 7.5 times – in group III as compared with the control group (P < 0.05).
Group I patients developed placental dysfunction with a frequency of 2.3 times, group II – of 4.0 times, and group III – of 6.3 times greater than pregnant women of the control group (P < 0.05), and moderate preeclampsia was diagnosed in overweight pregnant women, as well as in women with grade I and grade II–III obesity 2.3 times, 4.7 times and 5.6 times as often, respectively, as in the control group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed correlations between lipid metabolism indicators and an increase in BMI.
Conclusions. Obese pregnant women with NAFLD at the stage of NASH were found to have significantly more frequent obstetric and perinatal complications as well as lipid profile abnormalities correlating with increased BMI, which may be due to the presence of NASH and functional liver failure.
Tolerance to exercise in adolescents with rheumatic diseases taking into account systolic heart function
Authors: Holovko T. O. , Shevchenko N. S. , Bohmat L. F. , Nikonova V. V.
Published: July 2022

Aim: to determine the systolic heart function and adaptive capabilities to physical activity in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Materials and methods. We examined 72 adolescents with RD at the age of 10–18 (13.11 ± 0.89) years, 58 were girls and 14 were boys. The control group consisted of 46 healthy adolescents of the corresponding age (14.73 ± 0.32 years) and gender (29 girls and 17 boys). An ultrasound examination of the heart using a General Electric LOGIO V2 apparatus (USA) was performed for all patients. The six-minute walk test was performed to determine the tolerance to minimal physical activity. Before the test and after completion during the first minute of the recovery period, heart rate was calculated, blood pressure was measured and the Allgower’s index was calculated. The 6 minute walking distance was measured in meters.
Results. It was found that adolescents with RD had a significant decrease in EFrv against the background of a significant increase in SVrv and MVCrv, which was accompanied by higher HR values. In patients with JIA, reliably lower EF of both ventricles of the heart was established against the background of significantly higher heart rate values and a decrease in SVlv and MVClv, while SVrv and MVCrv were significantly higher. When analyzing 6MWT indicators, the distance was significantly shorter in adolescents with RD, and the percentage of increase in heart rate after the test was higher. Allgower’s index was significantly higher before 6MWT and significantly increased after the test. In adolescents with low EFrv, there was a significant decrease in SVrv and MVCrv against the background of significantly low HR values, but the Allgower’s index after 6MWT was significantly higher.
Conclusions. In adolescents with RD, while the systolic function of the left ventricle is preserved, there is a decrease in the systolic function of the right ventricle of the heart, an increase in SVrv and MVCrv on the background of an increase in heart rate. Tolerance to physical activity remains within normal limits due to a significant increase in the activity of regulatory systems. With a progressive decrease in the systolic function of the right ventricle, a decrease in its stroke and minute volumes was established, which may indicate the participation of other regulatory systems in adequate support of the circulatory system.
The influence of clinical and genetic factors on the stability of warfarin’s anticoagulant effect in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mykhailovskyi Ya. M.
Published: July 2022

The aim. To investigate the influence of clinical and genetic factors on the stability of warfarin’s anticoagulant effect in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) during the year.
Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients with AF, age 70.50 (64.25; 76.25) years (32 men and 28 women). Coagulogram indexes with International Normalized Ratio (INR) were determined using Coag Chrome 3003 monthly; the CHA2DS2-VASC, HAS-BLED, SAMe-TT2R2 scales scores were evaluated; the calculation of TTR was performed using the Rosendaal method. CYP2C9, CYP4F2, VKORC1 genes polymorphisms were determined using multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction in CFX-96 thermocycler (BioRad).
Results. Median TTR in groups of patients with SAMe-TT2R2 score <2 (n = 33) and ≥2 (n = 27) did not differ significantly (74 % versus 68 % respectively, P > 0.05). There were significantly more patients with TTR <70 % in the group with predicted labile INR (59.36 % versus 30.30 %; χ2 = 5.07, P < 0.05). SAMe-TT2R2 score ≥2 increased the risk of poor INR control by 1.96 times (CI 1.05–3.63). No association of TTR with CYP2C9, CYP4F2 and VKORC1 gene polymorphisms was found.
Episodes of excessive hypocoagulation (INR >4) were detected in 21 (40 %) patients during the year. Excessive hypocoagulation was significantly more common in patients carrying the allele A of the VKORC1 gene in comparison with non-carriers (51.43 % versus 24.00 %; χ2 = 4.57, P < 0.05). The presence of mutant allele A was associated with 2.14-fold higher risk of excessive hypocoagulation (RR = 2.14; CI 1.06–4.69).
Taking amiodarone (χ2 = 3.13; P < 0.05) had a significant effect on the development of excessive hypocoagulation with a relative risk RR = 1.83 (CI 1.01–3.35).
Conclusions. SAMe-TT2R2 score can be useful to predict poor INR control, while VKORC1 genotype estimating – to predict excessive hypocoagulation episodes. An integrated approach using clinical and genetic methods is needed to determine the potential efficacy and safety of warfarin therapy.
Changes in reservoir and motor-evacuatory function of the gallbladder in patients with asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis after organ-sparing surgery – laparoscopic cholecystolithotomy
Authors: Syvolap D. V.
Published: July 2022

Sonographic assessment of gallbladder structure and function in patients with gallstone disease needs further improvement not only to clarify the indications for organ-sparing operations such as laparoscopic cholecystolithotomy, but also to improve the results of surgical treatment of asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis by predicting probable restoration of motor-evacuatory function of the gallbladder and reduction of the number of recurrences of cholecystolithiasis.
The aim of the study was to investigate changes in gallbladder structure and function in patients with asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis before and after laparoscopic cholecystolithotomy.
Materials and methods. The study involved 33 patients with asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis. The majority of patients are women 82 % (n = 27), aged 23 to 54 years, mean age 48.0 ± 11.9 years. And there were 18 % of men (n = 6), aged 25 to 58 years, mean age 46.2 ± 12.4 years. Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs was performed in all patients using Philips No. MA2540R and LOGIQ General Electric Ser No. 52993WX3 before and after laparoscopic cholecystolithotomy. During the examination, a sonographic assessment of the shape, size, contours, thickness of the gallbladder wall, as well as its relation with surrounding organs and vascular structures was performed. The size of the common bile duct, the number and size of stones in the gallbladder cavity, as well as its motor-evacuatory function were purposefully determined. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the Statistica for Windows 13 (StatSoft Inc., No. JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J).
Results. Indicators of gallbladder reservoir function before and after laparoscopic cholecystolithotomy did not differ significantly. There was a significant increase in the ejection fraction of the gallbladder from 54.5 ± 2.1 % to 64.4 ± 2.9 % (P = 0.0001) and a reduction in the “latency period” from 15.6 ± 2.5 min to 8.3 ± 1.7 min (P = 0.001).
Conclusion. Adherence to sonographic indications (single gallstones, less than 3 mm wall thickness and ejection fraction over 50 %) in the selection of patients with asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis for laparoscopic cholecystolithotomy allows not only to preserve the reservoir and also improve the motor-evacuatory function of it, which reduces the risk of possible recurrent stone formation in close and long-term periods of observation.
Referendum as a direct democracy tool in successor states of former Yugoslavia
Authors: Musiał-Karg Magdalena , Lubik-Reczek Natasza
Published: July 2022

Changes that have occurred in 1989–1991 ended the bipolar division of the world and commenced a new wave democratic transformation. In the early 1990s, the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) brought a number of changes to the region. Some of the changes were decided via the referendum which seems to be an exceptionally important tool in the process of democratic transformations in CEE. The article focuses on the institution of a nation-wide referendum in successor states of former Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia. The main purpose is to provide an answer to the question about the role of this particular tool in these states and define directions for further use of referendum in this part of Europe. To meet its research objective, the article uses systemic analysis and institutional and legal approach, and statistics on results of national referendums in the countries concerned.
Effects of soil treated fungicide fluopimomide on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) disease control and plant growth
Authors: Jiang Lili , Wang Hongyan , Zong Xiaojuan , Wang Xiaofang , Wu Chong
Published: July 2022

Fluopimomide is a novel acid amide fungicide registered for the control of many plant pathogens. In the present study, the effects of soil-treated fluopimomide on soil micro biomass, disease incidence, plant growth, soil enzyme activity, and marketable yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were investigated via field trial. In addition, the application prospect in China was also evaluated. In the experiment, five treatments with three replications and a randomized complete block design were followed. The treatments were: furrow application of fluopimomide (25% suspension concentrate, SC) at the dosage of 375, 750, and 1,500 g ha−1, which was recommended, double recommended, and quadruple recommended dosages, respectively. Besides, common control fungicide fluopicolide (5% SC) furrow was applied at recommended application dosages of 750 mL ha−1, and a non-treated control was also undertaken. Results indicated that fluopimomide exhibited no effects on the amount of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, and its inhibition effect on fungi amount could be recovered at 60 days after treatment (DAT). With the recommended application dosage, fluopimomide could efficiently reduce the number of plant pathogens in soil by 79.56–85.80%, significantly reduce the disease incidences in tomato plants by 80.00–88.24%, and improve plant height by 13.25–24.05% and marketable yield by 16.88%. Furthermore, soil enzymes exhibited a complex response to fluopimomide, and AOB and nifH gene copy numbers were increased by the double and quadruple recommended dosage of fluopimomide. Based on the above results, fluopimomide could be recommended as an efficient fungicide for the tomato field.
Recognizing pro-𝖱 closures of regular languages
Authors: Almeida Jorge , Costa José Carlos , Zeitoun Marc
Published: July 2022

Given a regular language L, we effectively construct a
unary semigroup that recognizes the topological closure of L in the
free unary semigroup relative to the variety of unary semigroups
generated by the pseudovariety

𝖱

{\mathsf{R}}

of all finite

ℛ

{\mathcal{R}}

-trivial
semigroups. In particular, we obtain a new effective solution of the
separation problem of regular languages by

𝖱

{\mathsf{R}}

-languages.
The role of gentle algebras in higher homological algebra
Authors: Haugland Johanne , Jacobsen Karin M. , Schroll Sibylle
Published: July 2022

We investigate the role of gentle algebras in higher homological algebra. In the first part of the paper, we show that if the module category of a gentle algebra Λ contains a d-cluster tilting subcategory for some

d
≥
2

{d\geq 2}

, then Λ is a radical square zero Nakayama algebra. This gives a complete classification of weakly d-representation finite gentle algebras. In the second part, we use a geometric model of the derived category to prove a similar result in the triangulated setup. More precisely, we show that if

𝒟
b

⁡

(
Λ
)

{\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}^{b}(\Lambda)}

contains a d-cluster tilting subcategory that is closed under

[
d
]

{[d]}

, then Λ is derived equivalent to an algebra of Dynkin type A. Furthermore, our approach gives a geometric characterization of all d-cluster tilting subcategories of

𝒟
b

⁡

(
Λ
)

{\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}^{b}(\Lambda)}

that are closed under

[
d
]

{[d]}

.
Estimating marginal treatment effects under unobserved group heterogeneity
Authors: Hoshino Tadao , Yanagi Takahide
Published: July 2022

This article studies the treatment effect models in which individuals are classified into unobserved groups based on heterogeneous treatment rules. By using a finite mixture approach, we propose a marginal treatment effect (MTE) framework in which the treatment choice and outcome equations can be heterogeneous across groups. Under the availability of instrumental variables specific to each group, we show that the MTE for each group can be separately identified. On the basis of our identification result, we propose a two-step semiparametric procedure for estimating the group-wise MTE. We illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method with an application to economic returns to college education.
Explicit universal minimal constants for polynomial growth of groups
Authors: Lyons Russell , Mann Avinoam , Tessera Romain , Tointon Matthew
Published: July 2022

Shalom and Tao showed that a polynomial upper bound on the size of a single, large enough ball in a Cayley graph implies that the underlying group has a nilpotent subgroup with index and degree of polynomial growth both bounded effectively. The third and fourth authors proved the optimal bound on the degree of polynomial growth of this subgroup, at the expense of making some other parts of the result ineffective. In the present paper, we prove the optimal bound on the degree of polynomial growth without making any losses elsewhere. As a consequence, we show that there exist explicit positive numbersεd\varepsilon_{d}such that, in any group with growth at least a polynomial of degree 𝑑, the growth is at leastεd⁢nd\varepsilon_{d}n^{d}. We indicate some applications in probability; in particular, we show that the gap at 1 for the critical probability for Bernoulli site percolation on a Cayley graph, recently proven to exist by Panagiotis and Severo, is at leastexp⁡{-exp⁡{17⁢exp⁡{100⋅8100}}}\exp\{-\exp\{17\exp\{100\cdot 8^{100}\}\}\}.