bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School-based group interpersonal therapy for adolescents with depression in rural Nepal: a mixed methods study exploring feasibility, acceptability, and cost
Authors: Rose-Clarke Kelly , B. K. Prakash , Magar Jananee , Pradhan Indira , Shrestha Pragya , Hassan Eliz , Abou Jaoude Gerard J. , Haghparast-Bidgoli Hassan , Devakumar Delan , Carrino Ludovico , Floridi Ginevra , Kohrt Brandon A. , Verdeli Helen , Clougherty Kathleen , Klein Rafaeli Alexandra , Jordans Mark , Luitel Nagendra P.
Published: August 2022

Background

Adolescents with depression need access to culturally relevant psychological treatment. In many low- and middle-income countries treatments are only accessible to a minority. We adapted group interpersonal therapy (IPT) for adolescents to be delivered through schools in Nepal. Here we report IPT's feasibility, acceptability, and cost.

Methods

We recruited 32 boys and 30 girls (aged 13–19) who screened positive for depression. IPT comprised of two individual and 12 group sessions facilitated by nurses or lay workers. Using a pre-post design we assessed adolescents at baseline, post-treatment (0–2 weeks after IPT), and follow-up (8–10 weeks after IPT). We measured depressive symptoms with the Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS), and functional impairment with a local tool. To assess intervention fidelity supervisors rated facilitators' IPT skills across 27/90 sessions using a standardised checklist. We conducted qualitative interviews with 16 adolescents and six facilitators post-intervention, and an activity-based cost analysis from the provider perspective.

Results

Adolescents attended 82.3% (standard deviation 18.9) of group sessions. All were followed up. Depression and functional impairment improved between baseline and follow-up: DSRS score decreased by 81% (95% confidence interval 70–95); functional impairment decreased by 288% (249–351). In total, 95.3% of facilitator IPT skills were rated superior/satisfactory. Adolescents found the intervention useful and acceptable, although some had concerns about privacy in schools. The estimate of intervention unit cost was US $96.9 with facilitators operating at capacity.

Conclusions

School-based group IPT is feasible and acceptable in Nepal. Findings support progression to a randomised controlled trial to assess effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
The perspectival account of faith
Authors: Tweedt Chris
Published: August 2022

This article articulates and defends an underexplored account of faith – the perspectival account of faith – according to which faith is a value-oriented perspective on the world towards which the subject has a pro-attitude. After describing this account of faith and outlining what it is to have faith on the perspectival account, I show that the perspectival account meets methodological criteria for an account of faith. I then show that this account of faith can be used to unify various faith locutions: having faith that p (propositional faith), having faith in something (attitudinal faith), being a person of faith (global faith), articles of faith (creedal faith), and acts of faith (praxical faith). Finally, since the perspectival account of faith is a cognitive account of faith, I defend the perspectival view against objections to cognitive accounts of faith.
Social Media Supplements Science During Natural Disasters
Authors: Padma T.
Published: August 2022

Information shared on social media platforms could help scientists gather real-time data and assist agencies in relief efforts.
Upper Plate Response to a Sequential Elastic Rebound and Slab Acceleration During Laboratory‐Scale Subduction Megathrust Earthquakes
Authors: Kosari Ehsan , Rosenau Matthias , Ziegenhagen Thomas , Oncken Onno
Published: August 2022

An earthquake‐induced stress drop on a megathrust instigates different responses on the upper plate and slab. We mimic homogenous and heterogeneous megathrust interfaces at the laboratory scale to monitor the strain relaxation on two elastically bi‐material plates by establishing analog velocity weakening and neutral materials. A sequential elastic rebound follows the coseismic shear‐stress drop in our elastoplastic‐frictional models: a fast rebound of the upper plate and the delayed and smaller rebound on the elastic belt (model slab). A combination of the rebound of the slab and the rapid relaxation (i.e., elastic restoration) of the upper plate after an elastic overshooting may accelerate the relocking of the megathrust. This acceleration triggers/antedates the failure of a nearby asperity and enhances the early slip reversal in the rupture area. Hence, the trench‐normal landward displacement in the upper plate may reach a significant amount of the entire interseismic slip reversal and speeds up the stress build‐up on the upper plate backthrust that emerges self‐consistently at the downdip end of the seismogenic zones. Moreover, the backthrust switches its kinematic mode from a normal to reverse mechanism during the coseismic and postseismic stages, reflecting the sense of shear on the interface.
Novel Integration of Geodetic and Geologic Methods for High‐Resolution Monitoring of Subsidence in the Mississippi Delta
Authors: Zumberge Mark A. , Xie Surui , Wyatt Frank K. , Steckler Michael S. , Li Guandong , Hatfield William , Elliott Donald , Dixon Timothy H. , Bridgeman Jonathan G. , Chamberlain Elizabeth L. , Allison Mead , Törnqvist Torbjörn E.
Published: August 2022

Land‐surface subsidence is a major contributor to land loss in many river deltas. New approaches yielding high‐resolution data are needed to parse the relevant driving forces. In 2016, we established a novel “subsidence superstation” ∼2 km from the Mississippi River in coastal Louisiana (USA) to measure compaction in a global reference frame as a function of depth in Holocene sediments and deeper subsidence. The site features three borehole optical fiber strainmeters to obtain continuous records of displacement between ∼1.3 m below the surface and depths of ∼11, 25, and 38 m. These data are complemented by an adjacent station providing hydrologic data and near‐surface compaction. We also installed three GPS antennas, one of which is mounted to a rod cemented into the Pleistocene basement. A core from one of the boreholes provides insight into the sediment properties of the entire Holocene succession. Five years of records reveal the compaction rate in the material between 1.3 and 38 m is likely less than 0.25 mm/yr. The GPS records yield a subsidence rate of 2.5 mm/yr regardless of the depth of the anchor, thus corroborating the low compaction rates observed by the strainmeters. The new instrumental records show that current subsidence at this location is governed mostly by deformation of the Pleistocene or underlying strata rather than compaction of Holocene material, with the exception of the uppermost meter. The methodology represents an important new approach to mapping subsidence rates at varying depths, providing insight into the mechanisms governing delta subsidence.
Impacts of Active Versus Passive Re‐Wetting on the Carbon Balance of a Previously Drained Bog
Authors: Nyberg M. , Black T. A. , Ketler R. , Lee S.‐C. , Johnson M. , Merkens M. , Nugent K. A. , Knox S. H.
Published: August 2022

Peatland drainage depletes large carbon stocks by increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the soil. Restoration via re‐wetting could play an important role in climate change mitigation, reducing CO2 emissions and increasing C storage within peatlands. However, re‐wetting leads to a biogeochemical compromise between increased CO2 uptake, and enhanced methane (CH4) release. The extent of this compromise in re‐wetted ecosystems with differing environmental conditions is uncertain. To assess re‐wetting effects, we analyzed eddy‐covariance flux measurements from a temperate bog near Vancouver, Canada, from two sites that have undergone different restoration techniques. By the end of the 1‐year study period, the actively re‐wetted, wetter site, was a weak CO2 sink (−26.1 ± 6.1 g C‐CO2 m−2), and the passively re‐wetted, drier site, was near CO2 neutral (3.8 ± 3.1 g C‐CO2 m−2). Higher CH4 emissions at the wetter site led to a larger radiative balance on 20‐ and 100‐year time horizons, implying that the strong radiative effect of CH4 can offset CO2 sink strength on shorter to medium timeframes. However, long‐term radiative forcing (RF) modeling suggests sustained CO2 uptake by the wetter site will eventually lead to a cooling effect on the climate. Furthermore, modeling results emphasize that despite both re‐wetted peatland sites having a positive RF over century timescales, the lack of restoration would have resulted in a significantly larger RF beyond the first few decades following restoration. Results highlight the importance of actively re‐wetting disturbed peatlands to mitigate climate warming and can be used to inform management decisions.
Exploring the Potential of Neural Networks to Predict Statistics of Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Wrench Daniel , Parashar Tulasi N. , Singh Ritesh K. , Frean Marcus , Rayudu Ramesh
Published: August 2022

Time series data sets often have missing or corrupted entries, which need to be handled in subsequent data analysis. For example, in the context of space physics, calibration issues, satellite telemetry issues, and unexpected events can make parts of a time series unusable. This causes problems for understanding the dynamics of the heliosphere and space weather environment. Various approaches exist to tackle this problem, including mean/median imputation, linear interpolation, and autoregressive modeling. Here, we study the utility of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict statistics of sparse time series. Our focus is not on time series prediction but on gleaning the best possible information about the statistical behavior of the system. As an example application, we focus on the structure functions of turbulent time series measured in the solar wind. Using a data set with artificial gaps, a neural network is trained to predict second‐order structure functions and then tested on an unseen data set to quantify its performance. A small feedforward ANN, with only 20 hidden neurons, can predict the large‐scale fluctuation amplitudes better than mean imputation or linear interpolation when the percentage of missing data is high. Although they perform worse than the other methods when it comes to capturing both the shape and fluctuation amplitude together, their performance is better in a statistical sense for large fractions of missing data. Caveats regarding their utility, the optimization procedure, and potential future improvements are discussed.
Measuring nanoparticles in liquid with attogram resolution using a microfabricated glass suspended microchannel resonator
Authors: Daryani Mehdi Mollaie , Manzaneque Tomás , Wei Jia , Ghatkesar Murali Krishna
Published: August 2022

The use of nanoparticles has been growing in various industrial fields, and concerns about their effects on health and the environment have been increasing. Hence, characterization techniques for nanoparticles are essential. Here, we present a silicon dioxide microfabricated suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) to measure the mass and concentration of nanoparticles in a liquid as they flow. We measured the mass detection limits of the device using laser Doppler vibrometry. This limit reached a minimum of 377 ag that correspond to a 34 nm diameter gold nanoparticle or a 243 nm diameter polystyrene particle, when sampled every 30 ms. We compared the fundamental limits of the measured data with an ideal noiseless measurement of the SMR. Finally, we measured the buoyant mass of gold nanoparticles in real-time as they flowed through the SMR.
A potent neutralizing antibody provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants via nasal delivery
Authors: Zhang Xinghai , Zhang Huajun , Li Tingting , Chen Shaohong , Luo Feiyang , Zhou Junhui , Zheng Peiyi , Song Shuyi , Wu Yan , Jin Tengchuan , Tang Ni , Jin Aishun , Yang Chengyong , Cheng Guofeng , Gong Rui , Chiu Sandra , Huang Ailong
Published: August 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still rapidly spreading worldwide. Many drugs and vaccines have been approved for clinical use show efficacy in the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), such as Delta (B.1.617.2) and the recently emerged Omicron (B.1.1.529), has seriously challenged the application of current therapeutics. Therefore, there is still a pressing need for identification of new broad-spectrum antivirals. Here, we further characterized a human antibody (58G6), which we previously isolated from a patient, with a broadly authentic virus-neutralizing activity that inhibits the Delta and Omicron variants with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.69 ng/ml and 54.31 ng/ml, respectively. 58G6 shows prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in hamsters challenged with the Delta and Omicron variants through nasal delivery. Notably, a very low dosage (2 mg/kg daily) of 58G6 efficiently prevented Omicron variant replication in the lungs. These advantages may overcome the efficacy limitation of currently approved neutralizing antibodies that can be administered only by intravenous injection. In general, 58G6 is a promising prophylactic and therapeutic candidate against current circulating VOCs and even future emerging mutants. To the best of our knowledge, 58G6 is one of the most potent neutralizing antibodies against Omicron, with a broader spectrum than those approved for clinical use. 58G6 could be developed as a nebulized therapy, which would be more cost effective and user friendly and enhance the clinical outcome compared to that obtained with direct nasal delivery.
Inhibition of autophagy potentiates the cytotoxicity of the irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor FIIN-2 on lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jia Xiuqin , Xin Ming , Xu Juanjuan , Xiang Xindong , Li Xuan , Jiao Yuhan , Wang Lulin , Jiang Jingjing , Pang Feng , Zhang Xianzhen , Zhang Jian
Published: August 2022

For patients with platinum-resistant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the exploration of new effective drug candidates is urgently needed. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have been identified as promising targets for LUAD therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the exact role of the irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor FIIN-2 in LUAD and to clarify its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that FIIN-2 significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of A549 and A549/DDP cells but induced the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of these cells. Meanwhile, FIIN-2 increased the autophagy flux of A549 and A549/DDP cells by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and further activating the class III PI3K complex pathway. More importantly, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that autophagy inhibitors could enhance the cytotoxicity of FIIN-2 on A549 and A549/DDP cells, confirming that FIIN-2 induced protective autophagy. These findings indicated that FIIN-2 is a potential drug candidate for LUAD treatment, and its use in combination with autophagy inhibitors might be an efficient treatment strategy, especially for patients with cisplatin resistance.
Juno spacecraft gravity measurements provide evidence for normal modes of Jupiter
Authors: Durante Daniele , Guillot Tristan , Iess Luciano , Stevenson David J. , Mankovich Christopher R. , Markham Steve , Galanti Eli , Kaspi Yohai , Zannoni Marco , Gomez Casajus Luis , Lari Giacomo , Parisi Marzia , Buccino Dustin R. , Park Ryan S. , Bolton Scott J.
Published: August 2022

The Juno spacecraft has been collecting data to shed light on the planet’s origin and characterize its interior structure. The onboard gravity science experiment based on X-band and Ka-band dual-frequency Doppler tracking precisely measured Jupiter’s zonal gravitational field. Here, we analyze 22 Juno’s gravity passes to investigate the gravity field. Our analysis provides evidence of new gravity field features, which perturb its otherwise axially symmetric structure with a time-variable component. We show that normal modes of the planet could explain the anomalous signatures present in the Doppler data better than other alternative explanations, such as localized density anomalies and non-axisymmetric components of the static gravity field. We explain Juno data by p-modes having an amplitude spectrum with a peak radial velocity of 10–50 cm/s at 900–1200 μHz (compatible with ground-based observations) and provide upper bounds on lower frequency f-modes (radial velocity smaller than 1 cm/s). The new Juno results could open the possibility of exploring the interior structure of the gas giants through measurements of the time-variable gravity or with onboard instrumentation devoted to the observation of normal modes, which could drive spacecraft operations of future missions.
Deconvoluting complex correlates of COVID-19 severity with a multi-omic pandemic tracking strategy
Authors: Parikh Victoria N. , Ioannidis Alexander G. , Jimenez-Morales David , Gorzynski John E. , De Jong Hannah N. , Liu Xiran , Roque Jonasel , Cepeda-Espinoza Victoria P. , Osoegawa Kazutoyo , Hughes Chris , Sutton Shirley C. , Youlton Nathan , Joshi Ruchi , Amar David , Tanigawa Yosuke , Russo Douglas , Wong Justin , Lauzon Jessie T. , Edelson Jacob , Mas Montserrat Daniel , Kwon Yongchan , Rubinacci Simone , Delaneau Olivier , Cappello Lorenzo , Kim Jaehee , Shoura Massa J. , Raja Archana N. , Watson Nathaniel , Hammond Nathan , Spiteri Elizabeth , Mallempati Kalyan C. , Montero-Martín Gonzalo , Christle Jeffrey , Kim Jennifer , Kirillova Anna , Seo Kinya , Huang Yong , Zhao Chunli , Moreno-Grau Sonia , Hershman Steven G. , Dalton Karen P. , Zhen Jimmy , Kamm Jack , Bhatt Karan D. , Isakova Alina , Morri Maurizio , Ranganath Thanmayi , Blish Catherine A. , Rogers Angela J. , Nadeau Kari , Yang Samuel , Blomkalns Andra , O’Hara Ruth , Neff Norma F. , DeBoever Christopher , Szalma Sándor , Wheeler Matthew T. , Gates Christian M. , Farh Kyle , Schroth Gary P. , Febbo Phil , deSouza Francis , Cornejo Omar E. , Fernandez-Vina Marcelo , Kistler Amy , Palacios Julia A. , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Bustamante Carlos D. , Rivas Manuel A. , Ashley Euan A.
Published: August 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has differentially impacted populations across race and ethnicity. A multi-omic approach represents a powerful tool to examine risk across multi-ancestry genomes. We leverage a pandemic tracking strategy in which we sequence viral and host genomes and transcriptomes from nasopharyngeal swabs of 1049 individuals (736 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 313 SARS-CoV-2 negative) and integrate them with digital phenotypes from electronic health records from a diverse catchment area in Northern California. Genome-wide association disaggregated by admixture mapping reveals novel COVID-19-severity-associated regions containing previously reported markers of neurologic, pulmonary and viral disease susceptibility. Phylodynamic tracking of consensus viral genomes reveals no association with disease severity or inferred ancestry. Summary data from multiomic investigation reveals metagenomic and HLA associations with severe COVID-19. The wealth of data available from residual nasopharyngeal swabs in combination with clinical data abstracted automatically at scale highlights a powerful strategy for pandemic tracking, and reveals distinct epidemiologic, genetic, and biological associations for those at the highest risk.
Structure and dynamics of Toll immunoreceptor activation in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Saucereau Yoann , Wilson Thomas H. , Tang Matthew C. K. , Moncrieffe Martin C. , Hardwick Steven W. , Chirgadze Dimitri Y. , Soares Sandro G. , Marcaida Maria Jose , Gay Nicholas J. , Gangloff Monique
Published: August 2022

Aedes aegypti has evolved to become an efficient vector for arboviruses but the mechanisms of host-pathogen tolerance are unknown. Immunoreceptor Toll and its ligand Spaetzle have undergone duplication which may allow neofunctionalization and adaptation. Here we present cryo-EM structures and biophysical characterisation of low affinity Toll5A complexes that display transient but specific interactions with Spaetzle1C, forming asymmetric complexes, with only one ligand clearly resolved. Loop structures of Spaetzle1C and Toll5A intercalate, temporarily bridging the receptor C-termini to promote signalling. By contrast unbound receptors form head-to-head homodimers that keep the juxtamembrane regions far apart in an inactive conformation. Interestingly the transcriptional signature of Spaetzle1C differs from other Spaetzle cytokines and controls genes involved in innate immunity, metabolism and tissue regeneration. Taken together our results explain how upregulation of Spaetzle1C in the midgut and Toll5A in the salivary gland shape the concomitant immune response.
Double-crowned 2D semiconductor nanoplatelets with bicolor power-tunable emission
Authors: Dabard Corentin , Guilloux Victor , Gréboval Charlie , Po Hong , Makke Lina , Fu Ningyuan , Xu Xiang Zhen , Silly Mathieu G. , Patriarche Gilles , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Barisien Thierry , Climente Juan I. , Diroll Benjamin T. , Ithurria Sandrine
Published: August 2022

Nanocrystals (NCs) are now established building blocks for optoelectronics and their use as down converters for large gamut displays has been their first mass market. NC integration relies on a combination of green and red NCs into a blend, which rises post-growth formulation issues. A careful engineering of the NCs may enable dual emissions from a single NC population which violates Kasha’s rule, which stipulates that emission should occur at the band edge. Thus, in addition to an attentive control of band alignment to obtain green and red signals, non-radiative decay paths also have to be carefully slowed down to enable emission away from the ground state. Here, we demonstrate that core/crown/crown 2D nanoplatelets (NPLs), made of CdSe/CdTe/CdSe, can combine a large volume and a type-II band alignment enabling simultaneously red and narrow green emissions. Moreover, we demonstrate that the ratio of the two emissions can be tuned by the incident power, which results in a saturation of the red emission due to non-radiative Auger recombination that affects this emission much stronger than the green one. Finally, we also show that dual-color, power tunable, emission can be obtained through an electrical excitation.
Adipocytes control food intake and weight regain via Vacuolar-type H+ ATPase
Authors: Zapata Rizaldy C. , Carretero Maria , Reis Felipe Castellani Gomes , Chaudry Besma S. , Ofrecio Jachelle , Zhang Dinghong , Sasik Roman , Ciaraldi Theodore , Petrascheck Michael , Osborn Olivia
Published: August 2022

Energy metabolism becomes dysregulated in individuals with obesity and many of these changes persist after weight loss and likely play a role in weight regain. In these studies, we use a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and weight loss to study the transcriptional memory of obesity. We found that the ‘metabolic memory’ of obesity is predominantly localized in adipocytes. Utilizing a C. elegans-based food intake assay, we identify ‘metabolic memory’ genes that play a role in food intake regulation. We show that expression of ATP6v0a1, a subunit of V-ATPase, is significantly induced in both obese mouse and human adipocytes that persists after weight loss. C. elegans mutants deficient in Atp6v0A1/unc32 eat less than WT controls. Adipocyte-specific Atp6v0a1 knockout mice have reduced food intake and gain less weight in response to HFD. Pharmacological disruption of V-ATPase assembly leads to decreased food intake and less weight re-gain. In summary, using a series of genetic tools from invertebrates to vertebrates, we identify ATP6v0a1 as a regulator of peripheral metabolic memory, providing a potential target for regulation of food intake, weight loss maintenance and the treatment of obesity.
Structured sonic tube with carbon nanotube-like topological edge states
Authors: Zhang Zhiwang , Gao Penglin , Liu Wenjie , Yue Zichong , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun , Christensen Johan
Published: August 2022

A single-wall carbon nanotube can be viewed as a one-dimensional material created by rolling up a sheet of graphene. Its electronic band structure depends on the chirality, i.e., how the sheet has been rolled up, yet synthesizing the symmetry at will is rather challenging. We structure an artificial honeycomb lattice in both a zigzag and an armchair tube and explore their topological features for sound. Our findings reveal how armchair tubes remain gapless, whereas the zigzag counterparts host nontrivial edge states of non-zero quantized Zak phase, which are dictated by the circumferential number of units. Unlike man-made planar lattices whose underling symmetry must be broken to harvest quantum Hall and pseudospin phases, interestingly, the structured tubular lattice symmetry remains intact, while its nontrivial phase alone is governed by the chirality and the tube diameter. We foresee that our results, not only for sound, but also in photonics, mechanics and electronics will broaden future avenues for fundamental and applied sciences.
Early macrophage response to obesity encompasses Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 regulated mitochondrial architecture remodelling
Authors: Orliaguet L. , Ejlalmanesh T. , Humbert A. , Ballaire R. , Diedisheim M. , Julla J. B. , Chokr D. , Cuenco J. , Michieletto J. , Charbit J. , Lindén D. , Boucher J. , Potier C. , Hamimi A. , Lemoine S. , Blugeon C. , Legoix P. , Lameiras S. , Baudrin L. G. , Baulande S. , Soprani A. , Castelli F. A. , Fenaille F. , Riveline J. P. , Dalmas E. , Rieusset J. , Gautier J. F. , Venteclef N. , Alzaid F.
Published: August 2022

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) adapt to changes in their energetic microenvironment. Caloric excess, in a range from transient to diet-induced obesity, could result in the transition of ATMs from highly oxidative and protective to highly inflammatory and metabolically deleterious. Here, we demonstrate that Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) is a key regulator of macrophage oxidative capacity in response to caloric excess. ATMs from mice with genetic-deficiency of Irf5 are characterised by increased oxidative respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Transient inhibition of IRF5 activity leads to a similar respiratory phenotype as genomic deletion, and is reversible by reconstitution of IRF5 expression. We find that the highly oxidative nature of Irf5-deficient macrophages results from transcriptional de-repression of the mitochondrial matrix component Growth Hormone Inducible Transmembrane Protein (GHITM) gene. The Irf5-deficiency-associated high oxygen consumption could be alleviated by experimental suppression of Ghitm expression. ATMs and monocytes from patients with obesity or with type-2 diabetes retain the reciprocal regulatory relationship between Irf5 and Ghitm. Thus, our study provides insights into the mechanism of how the inflammatory transcription factor IRF5 controls physiological adaptation to diet-induced obesity via regulating mitochondrial architecture in macrophages.
Noninvasive imaging of the tumor immune microenvironment correlates with response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer
Authors: Huang Weicai , Jiang Yuming , Xiong Wenjun , Sun Zepang , Chen Chuanli , Yuan Qingyu , Zhou Kangneng , Han Zhen , Feng Hao , Chen Hao , Liang Xiaokun , Yu Shitong , Hu Yanfeng , Yu Jiang , Chen Yan , Zhao Liying , Liu Hao , Zhou Zhiwei , Wang Wei , Wang Wei , Xu Yikai , Li Guoxin
Published: August 2022

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is associated with tumor prognosis and immunotherapy response. Here we develop and validate a CT-based radiomics score (RS) using 2272 gastric cancer (GC) patients to investigate the relationship between the radiomics imaging biomarker and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the TIME, including its correlation with prognosis and immunotherapy response in advanced GC. The RS achieves an AUC of 0.795–0.861 in predicting the NLR in the TIME. Notably, the radiomics imaging biomarker is indistinguishable from the IHC-derived NLR status in predicting DFS and OS in each cohort (HR range: 1.694–3.394, P < 0.001). We find the objective responses of a cohort of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy patients is significantly higher in the low-RS group (60.9% and 42.9%) than in the high-RS group (8.1% and 14.3%). The radiomics imaging biomarker is a noninvasive method to evaluate TIME, and may correlate with prognosis and anti PD-1 immunotherapy response in GC patients.
Controlling gene expression with deep generative design of regulatory DNA
Authors: Zrimec Jan , Fu Xiaozhi , Muhammad Azam Sheikh , Skrekas Christos , Jauniskis Vykintas , Speicher Nora K. , Börlin Christoph S. , Verendel Vilhelm , Chehreghani Morteza Haghir , Dubhashi Devdatt , Siewers Verena , David Florian , Nielsen Jens , Zelezniak Aleksej
Published: August 2022

Design of de novo synthetic regulatory DNA is a promising avenue to control gene expression in biotechnology and medicine. Using mutagenesis typically requires screening sizable random DNA libraries, which limits the designs to span merely a short section of the promoter and restricts their control of gene expression. Here, we prototype a deep learning strategy based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) by learning directly from genomic and transcriptomic data. Our ExpressionGAN can traverse the entire regulatory sequence-expression landscape in a gene-specific manner, generating regulatory DNA with prespecified target mRNA levels spanning the whole gene regulatory structure including coding and adjacent non-coding regions. Despite high sequence divergence from natural DNA, in vivo measurements show that 57% of the highly-expressed synthetic sequences surpass the expression levels of highly-expressed natural controls. This demonstrates the applicability and relevance of deep generative design to expand our knowledge and control of gene expression regulation in any desired organism, condition or tissue.
Tackling recalcitrant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in critical illness via anti-virulence monotherapy
Authors: Singh Vijay K. , Almpani Marianna , Maura Damien , Kitao Tomoe , Ferrari Livia , Fontana Stefano , Bergamini Gabriella , Calcaterra Elisa , Pignaffo Chiara , Negri Michele , de Oliveira Pereira Thays , Skinner Frances , Gkikas Manos , Andreotti Danielle , Felici Antonio , Déziel Eric , Lépine Francois , Rahme Laurence G.
Published: August 2022

Intestinal barrier derangement allows intestinal bacteria and their products to translocate to the systemic circulation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) superimposed infection in critically ill patients increases gut permeability and leads to gut-driven sepsis. PA infections are challenging due to multi-drug resistance (MDR), biofilms, and/or antibiotic tolerance. Inhibition of the quorum-sensing transcriptional regulator MvfR(PqsR) is a desirable anti-PA anti-virulence strategy as MvfR controls multiple acute and chronic virulence functions. Here we show that MvfR promotes intestinal permeability and report potent anti-MvfR compounds, the N-Aryl Malonamides (NAMs), resulting from extensive structure-activity-relationship studies and thorough assessment of the inhibition of MvfR-controlled virulence functions. This class of anti-virulence non-native ligand-based agents has a half-maximal inhibitory concentration in the nanomolar range and strong target engagement. Using a NAM lead in monotherapy protects murine intestinal barrier function, abolishes MvfR-regulated small molecules, ameliorates bacterial dissemination, and lowers inflammatory cytokines. This study demonstrates the importance of MvfR in PA-driven intestinal permeability. It underscores the utility of anti-MvfR agents in maintaining gut mucosal integrity, which should be part of any successful strategy to prevent/treat PA infections and associated gut-derived sepsis in critical illness settings. NAMs provide for the development of crucial preventive/therapeutic monotherapy options against untreatable MDR PA infections.
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic effects show diurnal dependence and are reversible with time restricted feeding
Authors: Zapata Rizaldy C. , Silver Allison , Yoon Dongmin , Chaudry Besma , Libster Avraham , McCarthy Michael J. , Osborn Olivia
Published: August 2022

Antipsychotic drugs (AP) are highly efficacious treatments for psychiatric disorders but are associated with significant metabolic side-effects. The circadian clock maintains metabolic homeostasis by sustaining daily rhythms in feeding, fasting and hormone regulation but how circadian rhythms interact with AP and its associated metabolic side-effects is not well-known. We hypothesized that time of AP dosing impacts the development of metabolic side-effects. Weight gain and metabolic side-effects were compared in C57Bl/6 mice and humans dosed with APs in either the morning or evening. In mice, AP dosing at the start of the light cycle/rest period (AM) resulted in significant increase in food intake and weight gain compared with equivalent dose before the onset of darkness/active period (PM). Time of AP dosing also impacted circadian gene expression, metabolic hormones and inflammatory pathways and their diurnal expression patterns. We also conducted a retrospective examination of weight and metabolic outcomes in patients who received risperidone (RIS) for the treatment of serious mental illness and observed a significant association between time of dosing and severity of RIS-induced metabolic side-effects. Time restricted feeding (TRF) has been shown in both mouse and some human studies to be an effective therapeutic intervention against obesity and metabolic disease. We demonstrate, for the first time, that TRF is an effective intervention to reduce AP-induced metabolic side effects in mice. These studies identify highly effective and translatable interventions with potential to mitigate AP-induced metabolic side effects.
Breast lesion detection using an anchor-free network from ultrasound images with segmentation-based enhancement
Authors: Wang Yu , Yao Yudong
Published: August 2022

The survival rate of breast cancer patients is closely related to the pathological stage of cancer. The earlier the pathological stage, the higher the survival rate. Breast ultrasound is a commonly used breast cancer screening or diagnosis method, with simple operation, no ionizing radiation, and real-time imaging. However, ultrasound also has the disadvantages of high noise, strong artifacts, low contrast between tissue structures, which affect the effective screening of breast cancer. Therefore, we propose a deep learning based breast ultrasound detection system to assist doctors in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The system implements the automatic localization of breast cancer lesions and the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions. The method consists of two steps: 1. Contrast enhancement of breast ultrasound images using segmentation-based enhancement methods. 2. An anchor-free network was used to detect and classify breast lesions. Our proposed method achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.902 on the datasets used in our experiment. In detecting benign and malignant tumors, precision is 0.917 and 0.888, and recall is 0.980 and 0.963, respectively. Our proposed method outperforms other image enhancement methods and an anchor-based detection method. We propose a breast ultrasound image detection system for breast cancer detection. The system can locate and diagnose benign and malignant breast lesions. The test results on single dataset and mixed dataset show that the proposed method has good performance.
Psychiatrically relevant signatures of domain-general decision-making and metacognition in the general population
Authors: Benwell Christopher S. Y. , Mohr Greta , Wallberg Jana , Kouadio Aya , Ince Robin A. A.
Published: August 2022

Human behaviours are guided by how confident we feel in our abilities. When confidence does not reflect objective performance, this can impact critical adaptive functions and impair life quality. Distorted decision-making and confidence have been associated with mental health problems. Here, utilising advances in computational and transdiagnostic psychiatry, we sought to map relationships between psychopathology and both decision-making and confidence in the general population across two online studies (N’s = 344 and 473, respectively). The results revealed dissociable decision-making and confidence signatures related to distinct symptom dimensions. A dimension characterised by compulsivity and intrusive thoughts was found to be associated with reduced objective accuracy but, paradoxically, increased absolute confidence, whereas a dimension characterized by anxiety and depression was associated with systematically low confidence in the absence of impairments in objective accuracy. These relationships replicated across both studies and distinct cognitive domains (perception and general knowledge), suggesting that they are reliable and domain general. Additionally, whereas Big-5 personality traits also predicted objective task performance, only symptom dimensions related to subjective confidence. Domain-general signatures of decision-making and metacognition characterise distinct psychological dispositions and psychopathology in the general population and implicate confidence as a central component of mental health.
Inner filter effect-based upconversion fluorescence sensing of sulfide ions
Authors: Sun Lanjuan , Sun Chunning , Ge Yang , Zhang Zhaoming , Zhou Jiancheng
Published: August 2022

Inner filter effect-based upconversion nanoprobes were developed by the combination of core-shell-structured upconversion nanoparticles and copper-based chelates, exhibiting excellent sensing of sulfide ions with high sensitivity and selectivity.
One step cascade detection of galactose based on a galactose oxidase-composited peroxidase nanozyme
Authors: Huang Hui , Song Donghui , Zhang Wenjing , Sun Yue , Li Yongxin
Published: August 2022

A novel one-step cascade method for galactose detection in neutral conditions was proposed by using a dual-active complex enzyme, which is composed of galactose oxidase and Cu-MOF nanozyme.
A polymeric IDO inhibitor based on poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-tyrosine-co-1-methyl-d-tryptophan) enables facile trident cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Xie Jiguo , Zhao Xiaofei , Zhang Yueyue , Zhong Zhiyuan , Deng Chao
Published: August 2022

A polymeric IDO inhibitor has been developed for the first time from copolypeptides for facile trident cancer immunotherapy.
3D micro–meso-structured iron-based hybrid for peroxymonosulfate activation: performance, mechanism and comprehensive practical application potential evaluation
Authors: Chen Yanling , Chen Yajie , Bai Xue
Published: August 2022

It is the first time to comprehensively assess the practical application potential of MIL-88A-CS beads from multiple perspectives.
Adherence to the Chinese dietary guidelines and metabolic syndrome among children aged 6–14 years
Authors: Peng Shanshan , Yu Yingjie , Yu Xiaohui , Guo Dandan , Su Lei , Li Hong , Luo Ping , Chen Peiyan , Wu Shangling , Huang Yuli , Zhao Yao , Fang Aiping
Published: August 2022

The role of diet in the development of childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been clearly elucidated.
Electrochemical synthesis of carbamo(dithioperoxo)thioates through the dehydrogenation coupling of thiols and amines and the insertion of CS2
Authors: Wang Qian , Xu Cheng-Hao , Wang Ying-Chun , Pan Ying-Ming , Duan Wen-Gui , Tang Hai-Tao
Published: August 2022

A convenient and practical strategy was developed for the synthesis of carbamo(dithioperoxo)thioates through the simple dehydrogenation coupling of thiols and amines and the insertion of CS2 under mild reaction conditions.
Layer-controlled evolution of electron state in the silicene intercalation compound SrSi2
Authors: Parfenov Oleg E. , Taldenkov Alexander N. , Averyanov Dmitry V. , Sokolov Ivan S. , Kondratev Oleg A. , Borisov Mikhail M. , Yakunin Sergey N. , Karateev Igor A. , Tokmachev Andrey M. , Storchak Vyacheslav G.
Published: August 2022

The electron state in intercalated silicene stacks evolves from chiral anomalies in multiple layers to 3 types of localization in a few monolayers.
Polymer-tethered glycosylated gold nanoparticles recruit sialylated glycoproteins into their protein corona, leading to off-target lectin binding
Authors: Ahmad Ashfaq , Georgiou Panagiotis G. , Pancaro Alessia , Hasan Muhammad , Nelissen Inge , Gibson Matthew I.
Published: August 2022

Upon exposure to biological fluids, the fouling of nanomaterial surfaces results in non-specific capture of proteins, which is particularly important when in contact with blood serum for in vivo and ex vivo applications.
Coupling spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride to titanium dioxide ring resonators
Authors: Nonahal Milad , Li Chi , Tjiptoharsono Febiana , Ding Lu , Stewart Connor , Scott John , Toth Milos , Ha Son Tung , Kianinia Mehran , Aharonovich Igor
Published: August 2022

Spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride are coupled to microring cavity resonator.
Capture and electrochemical conversion of CO2 in molten alkali metal borate–carbonate blends
Authors: Bromberg Lev , Nitzsche Michael P. , Hatton T. Alan
Published: August 2022

CO2 captured from high temperature effluent gases by molten borate salts are reduced electrochemically to form carbon nanotubes.
Free-standing two-dimensional sheets of polymer-linked nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Xiaole , Park Ji-eun , Kang Seulki , Kim Chan-Jin , Kim Youngji , Hyun Jerome Kartham , Park So-Jung
Published: August 2022

Here, we report a simple and general approach to fabricate free-standing two-dimensional (2D) sheets of nanoparticles by the simultaneous self-assembly of hydrophobic nanoparticles and hydrophilic polymers at the liquid–liquid interface.
Nuclear-targeted carbon quantum dot mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery for fluorescence visualization and efficient editing
Authors: Zhai Li-Min , Zhao Yan , Xiao Rui-Lin , Zhang Shi-Quan , Tian Bao-Hua , Li Xin-Xin , Zhang Rong , Ma Ri-Sheng , Liang Hai-Xia
Published: August 2022

Nuclear targeted delivery has great potential in improving the efficiency of non-viral carrier mediated genome editing.
Advances in nanobiotechnology-propelled multidrug resistance circumvention of cancer
Authors: Chen Jie , Yu Xin , Liu Xinyu , Ni Jinliang , Yang Guangcan , Zhang Kun
Published: August 2022

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main reasons for the failure of tumor chemotherapy and has a negative influence on the therapeutic effect.
Moisture tolerant cationic RAFT polymerization of vinyl ethers
Authors: Shankel Shelby L. , Lambert Tristan H. , Fors Brett P.
Published: August 2022

Cationic RAFT of vinyl ethers was performed without reagent purification and under ambient conditions by utilizing a PCCP acid initiator with a HBD catalyst. Despite inherent nucleophiles, the system retained high chain end fidelity and modularity.
Ethynylene-linked multifunctional benzoxazines: the effect of the ethynylene group and packing on thermal behavior
Authors: Muraoka Masanobu , Goto Masahide , Minami Masaki , Zhou Dayang , Suzuki Takeyuki , Yajima Tatsuo , Hayashi Jun'ichi , Sogawa Hiromitsu , Sanda Fumio
Published: August 2022

The cured resins of ethynylene-linked mono-, di- and tri-functional benzoxazines were thermally more stable than the resins obtained from the analogous benzoxazines without a triple bond.
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution approach to phosphanyl-substituted diboraanthracenes: biphilic compounds with tunable electron affinities
Authors: Jin Tao , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans-Wolfram , Wagner Matthias
Published: August 2022

9,10-Dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracenes with one, two, or four Ph2P-substituents were prepared via nucleophilic aromatic substitution. P-oxidation, -sulfurization, or -methylation greatly facilitate the reduction of the compounds.
Cyclooctatetraenide-based single-ion magnets featuring bulky cyclopentadienyl ligand
Authors: Korzyński Maciej Damian , Bernhardt Moritz , Romankov Vladyslav , Dreiser Jan , Matmon Guy , Pointillart Fabrice , Le Guennic Boris , Cador Olivier , Copéret Christophe
Published: August 2022

Application of steric control principles allows for simplification of the magnetic behavior of an iconic single-ion magnet architecture as well as the preparation of its previously inaccessible representative.
Rational development of molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for blocking PD-1/PD-L1 axis
Authors: Gu Zikuan , Xu Shuxin , Guo Zhanchen , Liu Zhen
Published: August 2022

A nanoscale molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis was rationally developed. The anti-PD-1 nanoMIP was able to effectively block PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, reactivate T cells and reverse the chemoresistance of tumor cells.
A metal-free reduced graphene oxide coupled covalent imine network as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Mondal Sujan , Ruidas Santu , Halankar Kruti K. , Mandal Balaji P , Dalapati Sasanka , Bhaumik Asim
Published: August 2022

A crystalline and porous covalent imine network material, Tp-THzT-CIN, has been synthesized and when it is coupled with reduced graphene oxide, it yields a 2D/2D composite, which is an excellent anode material in lithium-ion batteries.
Construction of a semi‐dense point cloud model for a tube‐to‐tubesheet welding robot
Authors: Wang Hui , Rong Youmin , Liu Chao , Huang Yu
Published: August 2022

Tube‐to‐tubesheet welding is widely applied in industrial fields. However, the current tubesheet welding robot still mainly relies on manual tubesheet models. Aiming to solve this problem, this paper proposed an improved direct method to automatically establish a tubesheet semi‐dense point cloud model based on a selected monocular camera and a one‐dimension (1D) laser rangefinder. Firstly, a laser filtering method was designed to acquire the distance between the camera and tubesheet through the 1D laser rangefinder. Then, from combing the 1D laser rangefinder data with keyframe data, the scale factor was obtained and proceeded to be processed by the Kalman filter to reduce the error. Then, the computed scale factor and all the keyframes were calculated to construct the tubesheet point cloud model through the graph optimisation algorithm. The experimental results showed that the semi‐dense point cloud model of the tubesheet could be efficiently established by the proposed algorithm with row error and column error both less than 1 mm, satisfying the welding requirements.
Modulated conductive bridge memory characteristics by radio frequency input and non‐volatile switching of frequency multiplication
Authors: Yin Yifei , Uchida Chihiro , Tsukamoto Keito , Hayashi Hitoshi , Nakaoka Toshihiro
Published: August 2022

The authors present an Ag‐GeTe‐based conductive bridge memory that allows radio frequency (RF) input and transmission. The RF input modifies the resistance switching characteristics and the memory device can switch the order of harmonics of the transmitted RF wave. The transmittance for the RF input above 500 MHz was higher than 0.5 for both the low‐resistance state (LRS) and the high‐resistance state (HRS). Below 500 MHz the transmittance decreased with decreasing frequency and depended on the resistance state (LRS or HRS). At 20 MHz, the transmission for the HRS was 0.02, while that for the LRS was 0.2. An RF input of 20 MHz at 10 dBm modified the SET voltage from 0.19 to 0.05 V, and the RESET voltage from −0.17 to −0.05 V. The RF wave transmitted through the LRS consisted almost entirely of fundamental waves, while that in the HRS provided harmonics or frequency multiplication up to the fifth order at 150 MHz at 10 dBm. Heat cycle measurements with RF input revealed the difference between the non‐linear resistance producing the frequency multiplication and the DC resistance.