bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time effects of bacterial vaginosis on infant morbidities in Kenya assessed using modified skewed generalized estimating equations
Authors: Mwenda Ngugi , Nduati Ruth , Kosgey Mathew , Kerich Gregory
Published: June 2020

Infant morbidity and mortality are indicators used globally as measures of a country’s health status. Among the 8 millennium development goals (MDGs), this study aimed to address goal four (MDG 4) on the reduction of child mortality and six (MDG 6) on combating HIV and other diseases. We assessed different health conditions caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV) that could have life-long effects among infants. We aimed to address the time effects of BV on the long-term cause of infants' morbidities when asymmetry is assumed. We analyzed infant data from HIV-positive mothers with known BV status from a randomized controlled trial study conducted in Nairobi, Kenya. We aimed to investigate the effect of BV on infant morbidity with time from birth up to the age of 6 months. We derived a score for morbidity incidences depending on illnesses reported in the register during scheduled visits only. By adjusting for the mother’s BV status, child’s HIV status, sex, feeding status, and weight for age, we used two approaches for analysis. We considered and fitted the traditional generalized estimating (GEE) equations and our proposed skewed generalized estimating equations (SGEE). Overall, we included information on 327 infants. One thousand nine hundred sixty-two repeated measurements were available for analysis. Among the 327 mothers, 148 (45%) tested positive for BV, while 179 (55%) tested negative. We found that BV, gender, and time were associated with multiple health conditions in infants. Infants of women who tested positive for BV, at month 1, had 4.46 higher odds of various health conditions compared to infants of mothers who tested negative. The effects of BV tended to decrease with time, and at 5 months of age, children in the BV group had 1.10 times the odds of experiencing morbidity incidence. In the SGEE model, BV was statistically significant at the 0.05 level with a positive coefficient, indicating that children in the BV group had a higher probability of experiencing multiple morbidities. BV is a significant predictor of infant morbidity because its effects on exposed infants could persist over time. In contrast, the traditional GEE results showed an insignificant positive coefficient. The results indicate the need to factor in the skewness during analysis in case of data transformation, especially when converting from continuous to binary data for parsimony and straightforward interpretation of the effects of covariates. Maternal BV status was positively associated with morbidity incidences, which highlights the need for early intervention for infected women. Accelerated programs promoting access to BV treatment with proper infant handling practices that better deal with emerging multiple health conditions in infants may prove useful in reducing the incidence of infant morbidity in Kenya. Emphasis on care to promote better health for infants during growth is necessary to achieve the MDGs.
Probiotics Supplementation Alleviate Corticosterone-induced Fatty Liver Disease Related With the Changes of Hepatic Lipogenesis and Gut Microbiota Profile in Broiler
Authors: Mei Wenqing , Feng Yuyan , Yao Zhihao , Luo Haonan , Ni Yingdong , Zhao Ruqian
Published: June 2020

Background:Emerging evidencesindicate a close relationship between gut microbiotaand fatty liver disease.It has been suggested that gut microbiota modulation with probiotics improved fatty liver disease in rodents and human, yet it still remains unclear in poultry.Results: Ninety six one-day-old green-legged chicken were divided into control group (CON) and probiotic group (PB), respectively. Probiotics were administrated throughdrinking water for two weeks from 1-day-old. At 28 d of age,16 broilers selectedfromCON or PB group randomly, and receivedvehicle(15% ethanol) or CORT(4.0 mg/kg)treatmentdaily viasubcutaneous injection for a week to induce fatty liver. At the end of the experiment, broilers from 4 groups,control group(CON), corticosterone group (CORT), probiotic group (PB), PB plusCORT group(CORT&PB),were slaughtered for sampling and analysis.The results showed that probiotics administration significantly prevented CORT-induced body weight loss(P<0.05), but did not alleviate the reduction of immune organs weight caused by CORT. Compared to CON,broilers in CORT group exhibited a significant increase of triglyceride (TG) levelin both plasma and liver(P< 0.01), as well as severe hepatocytic steatosis and hepatocellular ballooning, and accompanied with the up-regulation of hepatic lipogenesis genes expression. However, probiotics supplementation markedly decreased the intrahepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis histological score, which was associated withthedown-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA (P< 0.05)as well as it protein (P= 0.06) expression.Cecal microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that CORT treatment induced distinct gut microbiota alterations with a decrease of microbial diversity, and anincrease of proteobacteriaabundance (P<0.05). On the contrary, probiotic supplementation increased the beta diversity and increased community richness and diversity index(P> 0.05), as well as the abundance of Intestinimonas(P<0.05).Conclusion: Our results indicate that CORT treatment induced serious fatty liver disease and altered the gut microbiota composition in broilers, however,probiotics supplementation from post-hatching had a beneficial effect on alleviatingfatty liver disease through regulating lipogenic genes expression and increasing gut microbiota diversity andbeneficial bacteria abundanceimbalance.
Dietary Flaxseed Meal and Chromium: a Nutritional Intervention in Broiler Chicken to Study the Prospective Growth Performance, Tissue Lipid Composition and Metabolism, Health Indices, and Serum Lipid Chemistry
Authors: Mir Nasir Akbar , Tyagi Praveen K. , Begum Jubeda , Dev Kapil , Biswas Avishek , Tyagi Pramod K. , Sharma Divya , Deo Chandra , Mandal A.B.
Published: June 2020

Background:Flaxseed in a richest terrestrial source of w-3 fatty acid – alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) which can be incorporated in chicken meat when it is included in chicken ration. ALA can further be acted up on by desaturating enzymes to generate PUFA such as EPA and DHA which increase the health value of chicken meat. However, dietary flaxseed results in concurrent increase in lipid oxidation due higher unsaturation and negative impact on chicken growth performance. These negative effects of flaxseed feeding can be reversed by chromium supplementation in broiler chicken. Thus, this study investigated growth performance and efficiency, lipid composition, lipid metabolism, health indices, and serum lipid chemistry of broiler chicken fed flaxseed meal (FSM) and chromium (Cr).Results:Feeding of 100 g FSM exerted negative effects on the growth performance during starter phase only (0-3 weeks) and overall growth efficiency parameters in broiler chicken, whereas, Cr supplementation reversed these negative effects.100 g FSM reduced abdominal fat in chicken and Cr supplementation linearly decreased it with minimum at 1.5 mg Cr/kg diet.Feeding of 100 g FSM favourably improved the activities of lipid metabolism enzymes which resulted in improved fatty acid profile and health indices of chicken meat.No significant effect of Cr supplementation was observed on lipid metabolism, fatty acid profile, and health indices of chicken meat.100 g FSM decreased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and atherogenic index of plasma, whereas, Cr supplementation decreased these parameters linearly with increasing levels. Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation were increased by FSM, whereas, Cr supplementation linearly decreased them with increasing levels; and inverse trend was observed in serum HDL cholesterol levels.Conclusions: Feeding of 100 g FSM exert negative effects on growth performance of young chicken (0-3 weeks), favourably alter lipid metabolism which results in improved fatty acid profile and health indices of chicken meat. It improves the serum lipid profile and atherogenic indices in broiler chicken, but negatively affects the oxidative stability of lipids. However, Cr supplementation at the rate of 1.5 mg/kg diet successfully overcomes these negative effects of FSM feeding on growth performance and lipid oxidative stability.
In vitro and in vivo protective effect of Lotus seedpod extract against acetaminophen-induced liver injury
Authors: Tseng Hsien-Chun , Hsu Jen ying , Huang Xiao-Yin , Lin Hui-Hsuan , Chen Jing-Hsien
Published: June 2020

Background

Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most widely used analgesic agents while overdose APAP will lead to severe hepatotoxicity. Lotus seedpod, a traditional herbal, is rich in polyphenol and has been shown to possess antioxidant, radioprotective and anti-cancer activities. This study examined the hepatoprotective role of lotus seedpod extracts (LSE) in vitro and in vivo.
Methods

Firstly, LSE or its main compound epigallocatechin (EGC) dose-dependently improved the survival of human hepatocyte HepG2 cells from APAP-induced loss of viability. In vivo study, the BALB/c mice were supplemented with or without LSE (1% and 2%) during the 9-week treatment period in the presence or absence of APAP (i.p.; 400 mg/kg) twice per week.
Results

In vitro study revealed that LSE or EGC showed potential in reducing APAP-induced occurrence of apoptosis confirmed by morphological and biochemical features, including an increase in the distribution of hypodiploid phase, apoptotic bodies formation, and caspases activation. Molecular data showed that antiapoptotic effects of LSE or EGC mediated via intrinsic, extrinsic and ASK 1/JNK apoptotic signaling pathways. Further data showed that LSE inhibited the APAP-induced the protein expression of iNOS to decrease inflammation. In vivo study showed that LSE treatments significantly decreased the serum levels of the hepatic enzyme markers GOT and GPT induced by APAP. LSE also inhibited the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) during APAP treatment. LSE at 1% significantly restored the decrease in glutathione (GSH) content and elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase and glutathione reductase (GRd), in the liver. Western blotting data demonstrated that LSE inhibited the expression of caspase − 3, -8, -9 in APAP-induced liver injury.
Conclusions

LSE protected APAP-induced hepatotoxicity which could be a novo strategy for treatment.
Does the Apoptosis Value of Cumulus Cells Play a Role in Rescue Oocyte in Vitro Maturation?
Authors: Irez Tulay , Ercan Dogan Sinem , Ciraci Enver , Aksoyer Saadet Busra , Toprak Muhammet Sait , Dayioglu Nurten , Guralp Onur
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the cumulus cell’s apoptosis parameter in the maturation of immature rescue oocytes. STUDY DESIGN: In this experimental study, donated immature germinal vesicle oocytes were cultured for, in vitro maturation, embryo development in matured germinal vesicle oocytes were compared with apoptotic properties of cumulus cells. RESULTS: In all of the immature oocytes after oocyte in vitro maturation, the maturation rate has been observed as 56.1% and 2PN rate as 63.0%. Afterin vitro maturation of germinal vesicle oocytes, there was no difference in apoptosis rates of the cumulus cells between mature and immature oocytes (p> 0.05). The ratio of 2PN in matured germinal vesicle oocytes showing embryo development was 35.4%. A positive correlation was found between luteinizing hormone values on day 3 and E2 values during HCG days during oocyte maturation and embryo development (p=0.021, p=0.020). In addition, it has been observed that the germinal vesicle oocytes, which have completed their maturation and developed into embryos, have high E2 values during HCG days (p=0.020).CONCLUSION: In our study, it has been demonstrated that in vitro maturation in rescue oocytes from stimulated cycles, embryo development potential could not be explained by the apoptosis parameter.
High rate biological contactor system using waste activated sludge from trickling filter/solids contact process
Authors: Wong Tiow Ping , Babcock Roger W. , Hu Bing , Schneider Joachim , Milan Sheldon
Published: June 2020

A high-rate biological contactor process (HRBC) can be used as primary treatment instead of a clarifier to remove particulate, colloidal and soluble fractions of organic matter via biosorption plus flotation and divert it to anaerobic digestion for methane production, simultaneously reducing secondary aeration energy demand. Pilot and bench tests were conducted at a range of contact times (15–60 min) and contactor dissolved oxygen (DO) (0.2–2.0 mg/L) using waste activated sludge (WAS) from a trickling filter/solids contact (TF/SC) process in the HRBC. Biosorption performance was lowest when contact times were <30 min and unstable at DO < 0.5 mg/L. The overall average of 20% sCOD capture was similar to previous findings by others using WAS from conventional AS. The biomethane potential (BMP) of the HRBC float material can be as high as that of primary sludge (340–400 mL CH4/g VS), which is much greater than WAS. Operating the HRBC with a long contact time (>30 min) or with high DO (>1 mg/L) increases the amount of biosorption but reduces the BMP of the float. It was also found that biosorption only effectively occurs when a WAS is paired with the wastewater from the same facility.
Advent of Proteomic Tools for Diagnostic Biomarker Analysis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Singh Manisha , Singh Surinder P. , Dubey P.K. , Rachana R , Mani Shalini , Yadav Deepshikha , Agarwal Mugdha , Agarwal Shriya , Agarwal Vinayak , Kaur Harleen
Published: June 2020

:

Locating remedies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been majorly restricted by the inefficiency
to establish a definitive detection model for early-stage diagnosis of pathological events. This
current lapse in AD diagnosis also limits the therapeutic efficiency of the drugs, which might have
been effective if given at the earlier stages of the disease. The indicated situation directs towards the
burgeoned need for an effective biomarker technique that will help in early detection of AD and would
be imminently useful to facilitate improved diagnosis and stimulate therapeutic trials. Till date, the
major biomarkers, specifically associated with AD detection, may help in determining the early-stage
AD diagnosis and identifying alterations in the cellular proteome, offering deeper insight into disease
etiology. Currently existing multidisciplinary clinical diagnosis of AD is a very tedious, expensive
procedure and requires highly trained and skilled professionals who are rarely available outside the
specialty clinics. Mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) or Presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1 and
PSEN2) are some biomarkers acting as critical checkpoints for AD diagnosis. However, the presence
of some associated biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) such as total-Tau (tTau), phosphorylated-
Tau (pTau) 181 and Amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42 using structural or functional imaging techniques is considered
for confirmatory diagnosis of AD. Furthermore, the molecular diagnosis of AD incorporates various
sophisticated techniques including immuno-sensing, machine learning, nano conjugation-based
detections, etc. In the current review description, we have summarized the various diagnostic approaches
and their relevance in mitigating the long-standing urgency of targeted diagnostic tools for
detection of AD.
Primary Hypertriglyceridemia: A Look Back on the Clinical Classification and Genetics of the Disease
Authors: Musambil Mohthash , Al-Rubeaan Khalid , Al-Qasim Sara , Al Naqeb Dhekra , Al-Soghayer Abdulrahman
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the most common metabolic disorders
leading to pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease. HTG develops mostly due to impaired metabolism of
triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Although monogenic types of HTG exist, most reported cases are polygenic
in nature.

Aim:

This review article is focused on the classification of Primary HTG and the genetic factors behind
its development with the aim of providing clinicians a useful tool for early detection of the disease in
order to administer proper and effective treatment.

Discussion:

HTG is often characterized by a complex phenotype resulting from interactions between
genetic and environmental factors. In many instances, the complexity, perplexing causes, and classification
of HTG make it difficult for clinicians to properly diagnose and manage the disorder. Better
availability of information on its pathophysiology, genetic factors involved, environmental causes, and
their interactions could help in understanding such complex disorders and could support its effective
diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion:

The current review has summarized the case definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology,
clinical presentation, classification, associated genetic factors, and scope of genetic screening in the diagnosis
of primary HTG.
Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract Chemical Composition, Phytochemicals of Algerian Rhus pentaphylla Desf. and its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Benmansour Nassima , Allal Asma , Selles Chaouki , Tabti Boufeldja , Muselli Alain
Published: June 2020

Background:

Rhus pentaphylla Desf. (Anacardiaceae) widely grown in Algeria, is an underutilized plant and remains poorly studied. To investigate for the first time, the chemical composition profile of essential oil and hydrosol extract; besides Total Phenolic (TPC), Flavonoid (TFC) and Condensed Tannins Contents (CTC) of fruits, leaves and roots, the fatty acid composition was assessed. The radical scavenging activity of R. pentaphylla extracts was then evaluated.

Methods:

Essential oil and hydrosol extract were isolated respectively by hydrodistillation and liquidliquid- extraction from the aerial parts of R. pentaphylla. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Chemical compositions of various extracts were investigated using Gas Chromatography (GC) and GC-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results:

The results of GC and GC-MS analysis revealed 83 components in essential oil and 75 components in hydrosol extract representing respectively 96.9% and 92.5% of the total extract composition. The main constituents were hexadecanoic acid (31.5%) followed by spathulenol (14.9%) in the oil while the higher amount present in the hydrosol extract was of spathulenol (14.2%). Otherwise, 13 and 18 fatty acids were identified in roots and fruits respectively. The highest levels of TPC and CTC were found in roots extracts while the highest quantity of TFC has been recorded in the leaves extract. Besides, hydrosol extract was able to scavenge DPPH and FRAP free radicals more efficiently than essential oil.

Conclusion:

R. pentaphylla contains bioactive substances that could be used as a new promising source of antioxidant compounds in different applications.
MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets for Anticancer Drugs in Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Yuan-Rong , Wang Ping-Yu , Xie Ning , Xie Shu-Yang
Published: June 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by
translational repression or deregulation of messenger RNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that miRNAs
play various roles in the development and progression of lung cancers. Although their precise roles in targeted
cancer therapy are currently unclear, miRNAs have been shown to affect the sensitivity of tumors to anticancer
drugs. A large number of recent studies have demonstrated that some anticancer drugs exerted antitumor activities
by affecting the expression of miRNAs and their targeted genes. These studies have elucidated the specific
biological mechanism of drugs in tumor suppression, which provides a new idea or basis for their clinical application.
In this review, we summarized the therapeutic mechanisms of drugs in lung cancer therapy through their
effects on miRNAs and their targeted genes, which highlights the roles of miRNAs as targets in lung cancer
therapy.
Метод определения характеристик перемежающейся обобщенной синхронизации на основе расчета локальных показателей Ляпунова
Authors: Москаленко О.И. , Евстифеев Е.В. , Короновский А.А.
Published: June 2020

Method for the laminar and turbulent phase detection in coupled dynamical systems being near the boundary of the generalized synchronization regime based on the calculation of local Lyapunov exponents has been proposed. The efficiency of the method has been testified using the systems with unidirectional coupling allowing the analysis of intermittency by the auxiliary system approach. The results of both methods have been compared with each other, a good agreement between them has been obtained.
Эксперимент по определению времени прохождения сверхширокополосных хаотических радиоимпульсов через многолучевой канал
Authors: Кузьмин Л.В. , Ефремова Е.В.
Published: June 2020

Here we describe experimental measurement results on the time of propagation of 3–5 GHz ultra-wideband chaotic radio pulses through multipath wireless channel. The accuracy of measuring the propagation time of ultra-wideband chaotic radio pulses by their envelope is evaluated. The achieved accuracy is sufficient for solving the problem of measuring the distance between objects and their localization in space in the industrial and office environments.
Prescribing Behavior Change: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinicians to Embrace Digital and Mobile Health
Authors: Agarwal Anish , Patel Mitesh
Published: June 2020

Individual behaviors impact physical and mental health. Everyday behaviors such as physical activity, diet, sleep, and tobacco use have been associated with a range of acute and chronic medical conditions. Educating, motivating, and promoting sustained healthy behaviors can be challenging for clinical providers attempting to manage their patients’ health. The ubiquity and integration of mobile and digital health devices (eg, wearable step counters, smartphone-based apps) allow for individuals to generate and record enormous amounts of patient-generated health data. Research studies have begun to reveal how mobile and digital devices offer promise in motivating individual behavior change but they have not had consistent results. In this viewpoint, we discuss the potential synergy of digital health modalities and behavioral strategies as an approach for clinicians to prescribe, motivate, monitor, and sustain healthy behaviors. We discuss the strengths, challenges, and opportunities for the future of promoting health behaviors.
Rehabilitation Exergames: Use of Motion Sensing and Machine Learning to Quantify Exercise Performance in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Haghighi Osgouei Reza , Soulsby David , Bello Fernando
Published: June 2020

Background

Performing physiotherapy exercises in front of a physiotherapist yields qualitative assessment notes and immediate feedback. However, practicing the exercises at home lacks feedback on how well patients are performing the prescribed tasks. The absence of proper feedback might result in patients performing the exercises incorrectly, which could worsen their condition. We present an approach to generate performance scores to enable tracking the progress by both the patient at home and the physiotherapist in the clinic.

Objective

This study aims to propose the use of 2 machine learning algorithms, dynamic time warping (DTW) and hidden Markov model (HMM), to quantitatively assess the patient’s performance with respect to a reference.

Methods

Movement data were recorded using a motion sensor (Kinect V2), capable of detecting 25 joints in the human skeleton model, and were compared with those of a reference. A total of 16 participants were recruited to perform 4 different exercises: shoulder abduction, hip abduction, lunge, and sit-to-stand exercises. Their performance was compared with that of a physiotherapist as a reference.

Results

Both algorithms showed a similar trend in assessing participant performance. However, their sensitivity levels were different. Although DTW was more sensitive to small changes, HMM captured a general view of the performance, being less sensitive to the details.

Conclusions

The chosen algorithms demonstrated their capacity to objectively assess the performance of physical therapy. HMM may be more suitable in the early stages of a physiotherapy program to capture and report general performance, whereas DTW could be used later to focus on the details. The scores enable the patient to monitor their daily performance. They can also be reported back to the physiotherapist to track and assess patient progress, provide feedback, and adjust the exercise program if needed.
Redefining Exceptionalism: The Importance of Removing Super Hero Language from Education
Authors: Ali Sunni
Published: June 2020

The concept of exceptionalism for some years has defined the way schools and society determine success. Abiding by this concept has become problematic for parents and students who believe they must achieve outstanding benchmarks to have greater access to opportunities. In addition, the Danielson Framework became a tool to identify which educators were operating under specific standards to ensure students’ impressive performance. How education chooses to reframe exceptionalism while redefining success will ultimately determine how effectively schools can best support teachers and students to obtain achievable and realistic goals.
MICROPROPAGATION OF AN ENDANGERED AND ENDEMIC MEDICINAL PLANT CAYRATIA PEDATA VAR. GLABRA
Authors: S SHARMILA , EK RAMYA , S MOWNIKA , SM DHIVYA
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop standardization protocol for the successful in vitro mass propagation of Cayratia pedata var. glabra through leaf and stem explants, since it is a rare, endangered, and endemic medicinal plant using biotechnological involvements and to conserve this endangered species.

Methods: The application of biotechnological principles for the establishment of micropropagation under in vitro conditions has been studied by following the methods. The explants, namely, leaf and stem harvested from in vivo plants were thoroughly washed and properly sterilized with sterilients. The explants were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with growth regulators 6-benzyladenine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in the concentration range of 0.5–3.0 mg/l which were tested for callus induction and morphogenesis. The elongated shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with NAA at different concentrations for root induction.

Results: The explants collected from the field (shola) were treated in different steriliants with various concentrations at different time for sterilization. Among the various combinations tried, the Teepol treatment for 10 min followed by bavistin 20 min, antibiotics, namely, ampicillin and rifampicin for 20 min, 70% alcohol for 30 s, and 0.12 % HgCl2 for 3 min was found to be effective. The explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BAP and NAA. The results noted that an increase in the concentration of BAP concomitantly reduced the frequency of callus formation. The maximum callusing frequency and more number of shoot formation was observed in the lower concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/l) in combination with NAA (0.2 mg/l). The callus obtained from all the above combinations was sub-cultured on MS medium with same combinations of BAP and NAA. The maximum frequency of root formation in leaf callus was 85% and 75% in stem callus and both were achieved on MS medium with NAA (1 mg/l) after 2 weeks.

Conclusions: The current investigation provides a competent in vitro propagation method for C. pedata var. glabra which could be commercialized for developing identical plants with high-quality mass multiplication rate and for better conservation of the germplasm. Both the methods described here are well suited for the mass multiplication of this critically endangered and endemic climber species.
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR LEAVES ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: BALA VIDHAN CHAND , ABID MOHD
Published: June 2020

Objective: The research work deals with the screening of hydroalcoholic extract of Amaranthus tricolor (HAEATL) leaves for central nervous system activity (anti-stress, nootropic, and anti-cataleptic activity).

Methods: The screening of scopolamine and different model-induced neurodisorder rats were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight dose of hydroalcoholic extract of A. tricolor lives in 7 days’ experimental schedule. It has been reported that the antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hematological, and antimicrobial activities.

Results: The result of the study reflected that HAEATL (200 and 400 mg/kg) was effective in all methods and showed anti-stress, nootropic, and anti-cataleptic activity in a dose-dependent manner. The results are represented that the HAEATL produce the significant decreased the swimming time, increased the anoxia time, decreased level of biochemical parameters such as glucose and cholesterol except blood urea nitrogen, decreased level of white blood cell and red blood cell, and more significantly decreased the catalepsies score on 7th day compared to the control group.

Conclusion: The above valuable animal study, we concluded that the HAEATL showing significantly affect compeer to the disease control group on neuroprotective activity.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FISHBALL ON VARIOUS CONCENTRATION OF CARRAGEENAN FROM DIFFERENT HARVEST TIME OF KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII
Authors: NOOR ASIKIN ANDI , KUSUMANINGRUM INDRATI , HIDAYAT TAUFIK
Published: June 2020

Objective: This paper investigates the effect of carrageenan from various harvest times on fishball characteristics. The harvest time consists of three different periods (40 days, 45 days, and 50 days) from Bontang Coastal, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Methods: The carrageenan fortified to fishball used two concentrations that were 0.25% and 0.5%.The proximate analysis, including moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate, showed significantly different (p < 0.05). The texture analysis showed that there was significantly different (p > 0.05).

Results: The fishball adding carrageenan from different harvest time of seaweed also had a significantly different of sulfate content and crude fiber content (p < 0.05). The lowest water activity obtained on the fishballs adding 0.25% carrageenan from 50 days ages harvested.

Conclusions: In this research, the fishball adding 0.25 carrageenan from 50 days ages was the best treatments based on the highest of protein content and the lowest of water activity.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF POISONING CASES ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: SASIDHARAN PRASANAND
Published: June 2020

Objective: Poisoning with suicidal intention is a serious health issue among adults. Poisoning, as an emergency, is more common in India due to the easy availability of poisons, increased use of chemicals in industrial and domestic purposes. The objective of the study is to evaluate the nature of poisoning cases and the drug utilization pattern of poisoning cases.

Methods: A medical record-based retrospective data collection was conducted over a period of 21/2 years. Each prescription was analyzed by the demographic profile, the manner of poisoning (accidental or suicidal), the number of pharmacological agents causing poisoning, and type or name of the pharmacological agent responsible for the poisoning.

Results: Among 127 total patients, 113 cases were suicidal. Systemic poisons (47.24%) were more consumed in our study, among which benzodiazepines (16.54%) being the most common sub-class ingested. Of the 862 medications prescribed, normal saline (38.97%) was the most commonly infused intravenous fluid. Gastric lavage (38.1%) has been the most frequently used general measures. Injection pantoprazole (50.6%) was the commonly prescribed anti-ulcer drug. The most commonly used analgesic (47.83%) was paracetamol, antimicrobial agent was cefotaxime (25%), Vitamin and minerals were Vitamin B complex (68%), steroid was hydrocortisone (76%), and antidote was atropine (37.5%).

Conclusion: The magnitude of poisoning was high for suicidal purposes, in the young age group and in females. Intravenous fluids and general measures were the mainstay of the management of poisoned cases. Educational programs with an emphasis on preventive measures for toxic exposures are necessary to create awareness and to construct preventive strategies. Suggestions like poisoning centers in tertiary care hospitals will also help decrease morbidity and mortality.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CREAMS CONTAINING CELECOXIB INCLUSIONS FOR TREATING PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: RANI N ROOPA , B SUDHARSHAN , REDDY G SHIVA PULLA , IRIVENTI PADMINI
Published: June 2020

Objective: The main objective of the present work was to prepare and evaluate creams of celecoxib inclusions which are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to treat psoriatic arthritis.

Methods: Celecoxib inclusions were prepared using β-cyclodextrin to increase the solubility. These inclusions were incorporated in creams. Cocoa butter, triethanolamine, stearic acid, methylparaben, gum acacia, and coconut oil were used in cream preparation. Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry studies were carried out for pure celecoxib and inclusions. Viscosity, pH, homogeneity, and type of emulsion under dye test were evaluation parameters done for creams.

Results: All the results obtained were within the limits and confirmed increased solubility of celecoxib inclusions.

Conclusion: From the results obtained, increase in solubility of celecoxib drug was confirmed by forming inclusions using β-CD as polymer.
Revoluciones liberales y culturas jurídicas
Authors: Valencia-Tello Diana C.
Published: June 2020

Mediante la reflexión sobre las revoluciones liberales es posible verificar la existencia de diversas culturas jurídicas, las cuales en el marco de la cultura europea generan variadas instituciones jurídicas para la consolidación de los Estados nación. Estudiar la historia de las culturas jurídicas en las revoluciones liberales nos ayudará a comprender que toda cultura tiene sus creencias, normas y valores, los cuales están en un flujo constante y no cambian tan rápidamente como las normas formales de un nuevo orden jurídico. Estas limitaciones culturales permiten conectar el pasado con el presente y el futuro, lo que ayuda a explicar el hecho de que la historia importa, pues no podemos comprender el presente sin comprender la trayectoria de las instituciones en nuestras sociedades.
Viejas conquistas y nuevas fronteras del principio de ofensividad en la experiencia penalista italiana
Authors: Fornasari Gabriele
Published: June 2020

Después de trazar una sinopsis histórica de la doctrina italiana sobre el desarrollo de la aproximación constitucional a la teoría del delito, el artículo evalúa la crisis actual del principio de ofensividad, con una mirada crítica del interés protegido o bien jurídico, y analiza paradigmas alternativos de legitimación del Derecho penal. Ante la disyuntiva de elegir éstos o revisar y colocar nuevamente en el centro el modelo constitucional de Derecho penal, el autor opta por el último, considerando que los escenarios alternativos son inadecuados. Esto aparte, la conclusión marcha en la línea de na tendencia reciente de los jueces ordinarios y constitucionales, amén de que toda la arquitectura constitucional del Derecho penal —legalidad, culpabilidad, resocialización de los presos— se basa en y la justifica únicamente el cumplimiento cabal del principio de ofensividad, en cuya virtud pueden ser castigadas legalmente sólo las conductas que infringen intereses de relevancia constitucional
Eutanasia y justicia distributiva sanitaria: aportes a la discusión moral sobre el derecho a la buena muerte
Authors: Zúñiga Fajuri Alejandra
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se analizan algunos de los argumentos morales relacionados con la justa distribución de recursos sanitarios escasos que permiten discutir los problemas asociados a las demandas por la disponibilidad de la propia vida y al proyecto de ley que pretende despenalizar la eutanasia y el auxilio al suicidio en Chile.
1007-P: Clinical Evaluation of Multivariable Automated Insulin Delivery
Authors: RASHID MUDASSIR , SEVIL MERT , HOBBS NICOLE , HAJIZADEH IMAN , ASKARI MOHAMMAD REZA , BRANDT RACHEL , PARK MINSUN , QUINN LAURIE T. , CINAR ALI
Published: June 2020

Background: Multivariable artificial pancreas (mAP) systems are developed to supplement the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data with physiological measurements from wearable devices and automatically incorporate physical activity information in proactive insulin dose decisions. The wearable devices incorporated into mAP systems collect data in real-time to determine the type and intensity of the physical activity without requiring manual entries. As the first mAP, our multivariable Automated Insulin Delivery (mAID) system does not require user input for meals or exercise. In silico studies and clinical experiments have shown improvement in glycemic control with mAID during unannounced physical activity compared to the glucose-only AP systems.

Methods: mAID is evaluated in three clinical experiments, with one experiment conducted in a crossover fashion where the glucose-only AP is compared with the mAID. The experiments involved two subjects (1 male and 1 female) with T1DM, age 35 - 45 years, bodyweight 70 - 110 kg, total daily insulin of 35 - 80 U, and insulin-to-carb ratio 6.5 - 7 g/U. The experiments included meals and medium-intensity exercises (treadmill run and stationary bike) without any announcements to the system. The target glycemic range was [70, 180] mg/dL.

Results: The mAID system regulated glycemia more effectively, than the glucose-only AP, which had 13.33% of time spend below 70 mg/dL and 86.67% of time spent in the target range, with a significant 55 g of rescue carbs given to avert impending low glucose. The mAID system resulted in all time spent in the target range for the same subject. Across the closed-loop experiments, subjects spent a total of 87.69% of time in the target range.

Conclusions: The mAID system supplements the CGM data with real-time physiological data to automatically handle physical activity and maintain tight glycemic control.

Disclosure

M. Rashid: None. M. Sevil: None. N. Hobbs: None. I. Hajizadeh: None. M. Askari: None. R. Brandt: None. M. Park: None. L.T. Quinn: None. A. Cinar: Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., JDRF. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk A/S, Tandem Diabetes Care.

Funding

National Institutes of Health (1DP3DK101075-01, 1DP3DK101077-01); JDRF (A18-0036-001)
101-OR: ADA Screening Guidelines and Racial Differences in Detection of Prediabetes and Diabetes in the U.S.: NHANES, 2011-2016
Authors: LEE ALEXANDRA K. , GUJRAL UNJALI , ALI MOHAMMED K. , KANDULA NAMRATHA R. , KANAYA ALKA M.
Published: June 2020

More than 40% of diabetes (DM) is undetected in Asian Americans. The ADA recommends glucose testing for Asian Americans at BMI≥23 kg/m2 and BMI≥25 for all others. However, if clinicians screen using BMI cutpoints, they may miss a substantial number of cases. We used the National Health Examination and Nutrition Surveys (NHANES) 2011-2016 and examined young adults (aged 20-44) without self-reported DM. We estimated for each race/ethnic group: a) the total prevalence of undetected prediabetes and DM using all three glucose tests (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] ≥100 mg/dl, 2-hour glucose ≥140 mg/dl, HbA1c ≥5.7%), b) the prevalence of undetected prediabetes and DM when only persons meeting ADA screening criteria (BMI criterion plus one additional risk factor for whites) are tested using FPG and HbA1c, c) the prevalence from (b) but removing BMI from ADA criteria. The total prevalence of undetected prediabetes and DM ranged from 35% in whites to 47% in Hispanics. Using ADA criteria and only FPG and HbA1c, prevalence was 17% in whites, 25% in Asians, 35% in blacks, and 36% in Hispanics. Dropping the BMI criterion, prevalence was 20% in whites, 35% in Asians, 42% in blacks, and 43% in Hispanics. Removing the BMI criterion for screening improved detection of prediabetes and DM to a greater extent in Asians vs. others; the more stringent criteria and use of FPG and HbA1c were associated with lower detection in whites.

Disclosure

A.K. Lee: None. U. Gujral: None. M.K. Ali: Research Support; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. N.R. Kandula: None. A.M. Kanaya: None.

Funding

National Institutes of Health (T32AG000212)
1011-P: Effect of Fluctuating Temperature on Pump Delivery
Authors: GIRARDOT SYLVAIN , JACQUEMIER PAULINE , MOUSIN FLAVIEN , RENDEKEU CARINE , HARDY SÉBASTIEN , RIVELINE JEAN-PIERRE
Published: June 2020

Background: Accuracy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is essential for glycaemic control. Our study presents results of accuracy assessment of three off-the-shelves CSII under fluctuating temperature at 0,5UI/h.

Methods: CSII systems accuracy was assessed by a double measurement approach utilizing a direct mass flow meter and a time-stamped micro-gravimetric test bench combined with a Kalman mathematical filter. CSII was placed inside a chamber of fluctuating temperature: 8h-tests were composed of successions of 1h at 32°C, 1h at 5°C, and compared to 8-hour tests at a 22°C fixed temperature. Accuracy was evaluated using mean of dose error. Mean absolute relative dispersion (MARD) of error was also computed for 15min time-windows. Stroke regularity was assessed in terms of frequency and volume. Tests were conducted both with insulin and medical water.

Results: Delivery errors follow temperature profile. MARD of error is significantly higher with fluctuating temperature (85.2%, 44.4%, 20.4% according to each of the 3 CSII pump models) vs. fixed temperature (13.3%, 9.5%, 12.7%). No difference was observed between insulin and medical water. Stroke volume is affected by temperature changes rather than stroke frequency.

Conclusion: Temperature and its fluctuations may affect the accuracy and amounts of insulin delivered by CSII. The clinical impact of the difference in insulin intake requires clinical investigations.

Disclosure

S. Girardot: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Air Liquide. P. Jacquemier: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. F. Mousin: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. C. Rendekeu: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. S. Hardy: None. J. Riveline: None.
1013-P: Modification of Inflammatory and Alzheimer Markers with Intracellular Delivery of Insulin Using Cholestosomes
Authors: MCCOURT MARY , MIELNICKI LAWRENCE , HUGHES JULIE , IRVING MARY Q. , SCHENTAG JEROME , GHANIM HUSAM , DANDONA PARESH
Published: June 2020

The importance of glucose metabolic changes and inflammatory responses to these changes connect diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The role intracellular insulin may have in this process could provide for alternative therapeutic approaches. In this study a novel cholesteryl ester based vesicle called a CholestosomeTM, that encapsulates payloads at a high drug to lipid ratio has been used to study the effect of intracellular delivery of insulin on the expression of AD and inflammatory markers in neural cell lines. CholestosomeTM-encapsulated molecules, including insulin, have been delivered to a number of different cell types in vitro and in vivo. Prior studies in rodents have shown the potential for oral delivery of insulin using cholestosomeTM technology with a high tissue to plasma ratio in several tissues, including brain. The present study measured the relative expression of AD (APP, BACE, presenilin 1 and 2, clusterin and GSK3B) and inflammatory (MMP-9, TLR-4, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha) markers determined after delivery of Insulin (I) and CholestosomeTM encapsulated insulin (CHI) to several neural cell lines. In this preliminary comparative study the impact of insulin (I) versus CHI on RNA expression of these markers differed depending on neural subtype and marker type.

Disclosure

M. McCourt: None. L. Mielnicki: None. J. Hughes: None. M.Q. Irving: None. J. Schentag: Stock/Shareholder; Self; TheraSyn. H. Ghanim: None. P. Dandona: Research Support; Self; JDRF. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk Inc.
1023-P: Dose Titration and Clinical Effects of Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Compared with Mealtime Subcutaneous (SC) Analog Insulin Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Authors: KENDALL DAVID M. , MANOUKIAN JONATHAN , KRUEGER JOHN A. , JONES MARISA , ABANIEL RICHARD , MOREY PATRICK M. , GRANT MARSHALL L. , HOOGWERF BYRON J.
Published: June 2020

Insulin dosing has been a clinical challenge since the introduction of “islet extract” in the 1920’s. Route of administration, insulin preparation and peptide modifications alter clinical effects. With newer insulins, patients and clinicians must clearly understand effective dosing. Technosphere Insulin (TI) is a dry-powder formulation of recombinant human insulin adsorbed onto Technosphere microparticles administered by pulmonary inhalation. TI cartridges are labeled as insulin “units” (4, 8, 12 unit cartridges). With proper dose titration, TI achieves comparable glucose control, improves mealtime glucose, and lowers hypoglycemia risk vs. insulin analogs in T1D.

Methods: These analyses compare doses of TI achieved after active titration in 4 randomized trials in individuals with T1D. The ratio of TI inhalation units (based on labeled cartridge content) to SC prandial analog in the comparator group was calculated for each trial at study endpoint.

Results:

Conclusion: The current analyses across 4 unique studies support the titration of individual patients to TI doses that are approximately 1.3 - 2.5x those of their comparable SC analog insulin doses. These data show that greater “unit doses” of TI should be used to achieve glycemic control in T1D and thus, insulins should be dosed based on glycemic responses rather than “insulin units.”

Disclosure

D.M. Kendall: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. J. Manoukian: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. J.A. Krueger: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation. M. Jones: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. R. Abaniel: None. P.M. Morey: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. M.L. Grant: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; MannKind Corporation. B.J. Hoogwerf: Consultant; Self; MannKind Corporation. Employee; Spouse/Partner; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company.