bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boron Trifluoride Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of 3‐Alkenyl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles and Spiro‐indeneindolones from Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Balasubramani Alagesan , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: November 2018

An expedient method was demonstrated for the synthesis of 3‐alkenyl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles from readily available propargylic alcohols and isatin imines in the presence of BF3 ⋅ Et2O as a catalyst under open‐air atmosphere. The above reaction was time‐dependent and further extended to the one‐pot synthesis of highly substituted spiro‐indeneindolones via 1,3‐amino group migration/Friedel‐Crafts cyclization. This methodology, which tolerates a broad variety of functional groups, offers versatile and atom‐economical access to 3‐alkenyl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxindole or spiro‐indeneindolone derivatives in good yield at room temperature.

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Intrinsically Stretchable Resistive Switching Memory Enabled by Combining a Liquid Metal–Based Soft Electrode and a Metal–Organic Framework Insulator
Authors: Yi Xiaohui , Yu Zhe , Niu Xuhong , Shang Jie , Mao Guoyong , Yin Tenghao , Yang Huali , Xue Wuhong , Dhanapal Pravarthana , Qu Shaoxing , Liu Gang , Li Run‐Wei
Published: November 2018

Mechanical flexibility and electrical reliability establish the fundamental criteria for wearable and implantable electronic devices. In order to receive intrinsically stretchable resistive switching memories, both the electrode and storage media should be flexible yet retain stable electrical properties. Experimental results and finite element analysis reveal that the formation of 3D liquid metal galinstan (GaInSn) calabash bunch conductive network in poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) matrix allows GaInSn@PDMS composite as soft electrode with the stable conductivity of >1.3 × 103 S cm−1 at the stretching strains of >80% and a fracture strain extreme of 108.14%, while the third‐generation metal–organic framework MIL‐53 thin film with a facial rhombohedral topology enables large mechanical deformation up to a theoretical level of 17.7%. Combining the use of liquid metal–based electrode and MIL‐53 switching layer, for the first time, intrinsically stretchable RRAM device Ag/MIL‐53/GaInSn@PDMS is demonstrated that can exhibit reliable resistive switching characteristics at the strain level of 10%. The formation of fluidic gallium conductive filaments, together with the structural flexibility of the GaInSn@PDMS soft electrode and MIL‐53 insulating layer, accounts for the uniform resistive switching under stretching deformation scenario.
Recent Advances in Black Phosphorus‐Based Electronic Devices
Authors: Tan Wee Chong , Wang Lin , Feng Xuewei , Chen Li , Huang Li , Huang Xin , Ang Kah‐Wee
Published: November 2018

The rediscovery of graphene in the recent past has propelled the rapid development of exfoliation and other thin layer processing techniques, leading to a renewed interest in black phosphorus (BP). Since 2014, BP has been extensively studied due to its superior electronic, photonic, and mechanical properties. In addition, the unique intrinsic anisotropic characteristics resulting from its puckered structure can be utilized for designing new functional devices. In retrospect, significant efforts have been directed toward the synthesis, basic understanding, and applications of BP in the fields of nanoelectronics, ultrafast optics, nanophotonics, and optoelectronics. Here, the recent development of BP‐based devices, such as nanoribbon field‐effect transistors, complementary logic circuits, memory devices, and the progress made in meeting the challenges associated with contact resistance, in‐plane anisotropy, and advanced gate stack, are reviewed. Finally, the prospects of 2D materials in meeting the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor requirements for the year 2030 are discussed.
Interweaving 3D Network Binder for High‐Areal‐Capacity Si Anode through Combined Hard and Soft Polymers
Authors: Liu Tiefeng , Chu Qiaoling , Yan Cheng , Zhang Shanqing , Lin Zhan , Lu Jun
Published: November 2018

Si anodes suffer an inherent volume expansion problem. The consensus is that hydrogen bonds in these anodes are preferentially constructed between the binder and Si powder for enhanced adhesion and thus can improve cycling performance. There has been little research done in the field of understanding the contribution of the binder's mechanical properties to performance. Herein, a simple but effective strategy is proposed, combining hard/soft polymer systems, to exploit a robust binder with a 3D interpenetrating binding network (3D‐IBN) via an in situ polymerization. The 3D‐IBN structure is constructed by interweaving a hard poly(furfuryl alcohol) as the skeleton with a soft polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the filler, buffering the dramatic volume change of the Si anode. The resulting Si anode delivers an areal capacity of >10 mAh cm−2 and enables an energy density of >300 Wh kg−1 in a full lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cell. The component of the interweaving binder can be switched to other polymers, such as replacing PVA by thermoplastic polyurethane and styrene butadiene styrene. Such a strategy is also effective for other high‐capacity electroactive materials, e.g., Fe2O3 and Sn. This finding offers an alternative approach in designing high‐areal‐capacity electrodes through combined hard and soft polymer binders for high‐energy‐density LIBs.
Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence from a Remarkably Simple Boron Difluoride Formazanate Dye
Authors: Maar Ryan R. , Zhang Ruizhong , Stephens David G. , Ding Zhifeng , Gilroy Joe B.
Published: November 2018

A boron difluoride formazanate dye that exhibits near‐infrared photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence was produced via a straightforward two‐step synthesis. Examination of its solid‐state structure suggested that the N‐aryl substituents have significant quinoidal character, which narrows the S1–S0 energy gap and leads to the unique optoelectronic properties observed. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed two oxidation waves and two reduction waves that were electrochemically reversible. Electrochemiluminescence properties were examined in the presence of tri‐n‐propylamine, leading to maximum intensity at 910 nm, at least 85 nm (1132 cm−1) red‐shifted compared to all other organic dyes. This work sets the stage for the development of future generations of dyes for emerging applications, including single‐cell imaging, that require near‐infrared photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence.
Direct Evidence for the Polymeric Nature of Polydopamine
Authors: Delparastan Peyman , Malollari Katerina G. , Lee Haeshin , Messersmith Phillip B.
Published: November 2018

Inspired by the adhesive proteins of mussels, polydopamine (pDA) has emerged as one of the most widely employed materials for surface functionalization. Despite numerous attempts at characterization, little consensus has emerged regarding whether pDA is a covalent polymer or a noncovalent aggregate of low molecular weight species. Here, we employed single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to characterize pDA films. Retraction of a pDA‐coated cantilever from an oxide surface shows the characteristic features of a polymer with contour lengths of up to 200 nm. pDA polymers are generally weakly bound to the surface through much of their contour length, with occasional “sticky” points. Our findings represent the first direct evidence for the polymeric nature of pDA and provide a foundation upon which to better understand and tailor its physicochemical properties.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of 13C Nuclei in the Liquid State over a 10 Tesla Field Range
Authors: Orlando Tomas , Dervişoğlu Rıza , Levien Marcel , Tkach Igor , Prisner Thomas F. , Andreas Loren B. , Denysenkov Vasyl P. , Bennati Marina
Published: November 2018

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques play an essential role in natural science and medicine. In spite of the tremendous utility associated with the small energies detected, the most severe limitation is the low signal‐to‐noise ratio. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), a technique based on transfer of polarization from electron to nuclear spins, has emerged as a tool to enhance sensitivity of NMR. However, the approach in liquids still faces several challenges. Herein we report the observation of room‐temperature, liquid DNP 13C signal enhancements in organic small molecules as high as 600 at 9.4 Tesla and 800 at 1.2 Tesla. A mechanistic investigation of the 13C‐DNP field dependence shows that DNP efficiency is raised by proper choice of the polarizing agent (paramagnetic center) and by halogen atoms as mediators of scalar hyperfine interaction. Observation of sizable DNP of 13CH2 and 13CH3 groups in organic molecules at 9.4 T opens perspective for a broader application of this method.
Selective Formation of an FeIVO or an FeIIIOOH Intermediate From Iron(II) and H2O2: Controlled Heterolytic versus Homolytic Oxygen–Oxygen Bond Cleavage by the Second Coordination Sphere
Authors: Cheaib Khaled , Mubarak M. Qadri E. , Sénéchal‐David Katell , Herrero Christian , Guillot Régis , Clémancey Martin , Latour Jean‐Marc , de Visser Sam P. , Mahy Jean‐Pierre , Banse Frédéric , Avenier Frédéric
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate that the devised incorporation of an alkylamine group into the second coordination sphere of an FeII complex allows to switch its reactivity with H2O2 from the usual formation of FeIII species towards the selective generation of an FeIV‐oxo intermediate. The FeIV‐oxo species was characterized by UV/Vis absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Variable‐temperature kinetic analyses point towards a mechanism in which the heterolytic cleavage of the O−O bond is triggered by a proton transfer from the proximal to the distal oxygen atom in the FeII‐H2O2 complex with the assistance of the pendant amine. DFT studies reveal that this heterolytic cleavage is actually initiated by an homolytic O−O cleavage immediately followed by a proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) that leads to the formation of the FeIV‐oxo and release of water through a concerted mechanism.
Nitridophosphates: A Success Story of Nitride Synthesis
Authors: Kloß Simon D. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: November 2018

Nitridophosphates and phosphorus nitrides are thoroughly investigated classes of nitrides. During thirty years of research, the methods for their synthesis evolved from the condensation of molecular precursors at moderate temperatures and ambient pressures to state‐of‐the‐art high‐pressure and high‐temperature processes. Landmark breakthroughs made in recent years led to a comprehension‐based proficiency in nitridophosphate synthesis that is illustrated by the large compositional and structural diversity of the nitridophosphates known today. Herein, we review the advances made in synthesis with regard to the prevalent problem of nitride synthesis: the susceptibility of nitride ions to oxidation.
Conservation implications of angler misidentification of an endangered fish
Authors: Lyon Jarod P. , Tonkin Zeb , Moloney Paul D. , Todd Charles , Nicol Simon
Published: November 2018

Conservation strategies for endangered species often include protection from harvest by humans. Correct species identification is paramount for this form of management to be effective.

Trout cod (Maccullochella macquariensis) is a threatened Australian freshwater fish, occupying habitats in the southern Murray–Darling basin. Trout cod, although protected from angling, morphologically resemble Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a species that is a key target of recreational anglers.

During a long‐term mark–recapture study, angler return data were collected both for Murray cod and trout cod.

Up to 40% of trout cod captured were identified by anglers as Murray cod, and the chance of misidentification increased with the increasing size of trout cod, implying that this species could be inadvertently retained by anglers. Moreover, unnecessary angling mortality of adult breeding individuals is likely to delay the time for recovery of this threatened species.

As a large and vocal user group, anglers can play a key role in promoting the conservation of aquatic areas and fish species. There is a need for anglers and fishery managers to understand this problem and to work together on a solution, through the tighter enforcement of regulations where trout cod are present, and through an increased emphasis on education.
The process of open data publication and reuse
Authors: Abella Alberto , Ortiz‐de‐Urbina‐Criado Marta , De‐Pablos‐Heredero Carmen
Published: November 2018

Open data movement advocates support to public authorities by making available to society the public information they manage. The data released are identified as open government data and the creation of open data portals supports their commitment through open government policies. The worldwide increase of the open data publication is making more necessary the modelling of its impact on society. This research analyses the process of open data publication starting in the internal systems of the organization and reaching the actual reuse of data in reuser's ecosystem surrounding the open data portals. Different reuser's profiles are identified and described within the reuser's ecosystem. Some key elements of the publication process are presented in order to guarantee sustainability of open data initiatives and to further analyse the social and economic impact.
Error monitoring in decision‐making and timing is disrupted in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Doenyas Ceymi , Mutluer Tuba , Genç Egemen , Balcı Fuat
Published: November 2018

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in social interactions. The cognitive domains that support these interactions include perceptual decision‐making, timing, and error‐monitoring, which enable one to appropriately understand and react to the other individual in communicative settings. This study constitutes a comprehensive exploration of decision‐making and interval timing in ASD as well as the first investigation of error‐monitoring abilities of individuals with ASD regarding their performance in the corresponding domains. We found that children with ASD fared similar to typically developing (TD) children in their first‐order task performance in two‐alternative forced choice perceptual decision‐making and temporal reproduction tasks as well as the secondary tasks (signal detection and free finger tapping tasks). Yet, they had a deficit in error‐monitoring in both tasks where their accuracy did not predict their confidence ratings, which was the case for the TD group. The difference between ASD and TD groups was limited to error‐monitoring performance. This study attests to a circumscribed impairment in error‐monitoring in individuals with ASD, which may partially underlie their social interaction problems. This difficulty in cognitively evaluating one's own performance may also relate to theory of mind deficits reported for individuals with ASD, where they struggle in understanding the mental states and intentions of others. This novel finding holds the potential to inform effective interventions for individuals with ASD that can target this error‐monitoring ability to have broad‐ranging effects in multiple domains involved in communication and social interaction. Autism Res 2019, 12: 239–248 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Decision‐making, timing, and error‐monitoring are three of many abilities that underlie smooth social interactions. To date, these domains have been only investigated separately, but given their interactive role in social interactions that are impaired in ASD, we conducted the first study to investigate them together. Children with ASD were as successful as typically developing children in their task performances, but unlike them, were unaware of their errors in both decision‐making and timing tasks. This deficit that is limited to error‐monitoring can contribute to unraveling the unique cognitive signature of ASD and to formulating interventions with positive implications in multiple domains.
The effect of decision timing on the willingness to costly reward cooperation and punish noncooperation: Sanctioning the past, the present, or the future
Authors: Molenmaker Welmer E. , de Kwaadsteniet Erik W. , van Dijk Eric
Published: November 2018

Numerous studies have demonstrated that sanctions can promote cooperation. However, it is important to know not only that sanctions can work but also under what conditions people are actually willing to sanction cooperation positively (i.e., reward) or noncooperation negatively (i.e., punish). In this article, we demonstrate that people use sanctions less often and sanction more mildly when they decide about sanctioning before (instead of after) the occurrence of others' (non)cooperation (Experiments 1 and 2), regardless of whether they decide directly afterwards or after a time delay (Experiment 2). Moreover, we reveal that beforehand (as compared with afterwards) people have not yet formed clear sanctioning preferences (Experiment 3). These findings corroborate our reasoning that the decision environment beforehand induces nonconsequential reasoning and thereby hampers people's willingness to sanction. We discuss the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of our work.
Diversification benefits of using exchange‐traded funds in compliance to the sustainable development goals
Authors: Miralles‐Quirós José Luis , Miralles‐Quirós María Mar , Nogueira José Manuel
Published: November 2018

Socially responsible investment has acquired a global dimension beyond moral values, which includes sustainability, risk management, and corporate social responsibility as the main elements. At the same time, from the launch of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) included in the United Nations 2030 Agenda, with its 169 outcomes and 230 indicators, investors are being asked to contribute with their business activities, asset allocations, and investment decisions to solve some of the most urgent problems the world is facing (poverty, clean water, clean energy, decent work and economic growth, and climate action among others). The aim of our research is to analyze the benefits of adding SDGs exchange‐traded funds (ETFs) to a stock–bond portfolio and evaluate the out‐of‐sample performance of four strategies using the returns and volatility forecasts from a rolling sample approach. Our results show that it is possible for investors to obtain benefits from investing in ETFs, which track companies focused on contributing to the SDGs, especially those focused on decent work and economic growth and clear improvements in portfolio performance compared with the initial stock–bond portfolio. These findings are relevant not only for academics but also for active professional managers who can use this technique to add value to investment strategies.
Microfoundations of companies' dynamic capabilities for environmentally sustainable innovation: Case study insights from high‐tech innovation in science‐based companies
Authors: Mousavi Seyedesmaeil , Bossink Bart , van Vliet Mario
Published: November 2018

To achieve sustainable development, companies are increasingly putting an emphasis on the creation and the promotion of environmentally sustainable innovations. Environmentally sustainable innovation often involves a significant shift in a new strategic direction. This paper studies this shift from a dynamic capabilities perspective and aims to identify the microfoundations of science‐based companies' dynamic capabilities for high‐tech environmentally sustainable innovations. It investigates the development of high‐tech environmentally sustainable innovations in two distinctive science‐based companies. To scholars, this study provides an in‐depth process analysis, over time, of how and why microfoundations of dynamic capabilities influence the development of a science‐based company's high‐tech environmentally sustainable innovations. To practitioners in science‐based firms, this process study can function as a frame of reference, enabling the tailoring of a strategy for high‐tech environmentally sustainable innovation.
Beyond symbolic and substantive: Strategic disclosure of corporate environmental information in China
Authors: Meng Xiaohua , Zeng Saixing , Xie Xuemei , Zou Hailiang
Published: November 2018

Under increasing regulatory pressure to disclose environmental impacts, corporate environmental information disclosure (EID) is becoming more prevalent. However, the motives for EID and disclosure approaches (i.e., symbolic or substantive) remain controversial. Using a sample of data for 742 listed manufacturing firms in China across 3 years, we provide evidence to show that the level of EID is significantly positively associated with a firm's advertising intensity and that firms in moderately competitive industries have a higher propensity for adopting an EID‐based differentiated strategy than firms in stronger or weaker competitive industries. We also find that firms that are more sensitive to environmental issues strategically understate their environmental impact when directly facing consumers. Our results suggest that the implementation of corporate EID is strategic and that firms have strong market motives, even under regulatory pressure to demonstrate legitimacy. We discuss this study's contributions to research on EID theory and implications for strategic EID management.
Fast‐Response Fluorogenic Probe for Visualizing Hypochlorite in Living Cells and in Zebrafish
Authors: Ding Yang , Xu Chenchen , Li Zheng , Qin Wenjing , Han Xisi , Han Xu , Zhang Chengwu , Yu Changmin , Wang Xuchun , Li Lin , Huang Wei
Published: November 2018

A fast‐response fluorogenic probe—compound D1—for monitoring hypochlorite (ClO−), based on specific ClO− cleavage of a C=N bond and producing results observable to the naked eye, has been developed. The response of the probe to ClO− increases linearly, and the fluorescence intensity was heightened by a factor of about 25. D1 responses to ClO−, with high selectivity and sensitivity, were observable by naked eye within 10 s. D1 can not only detect levels of hypochlorite in vitro, such as in urine, but is also capable of monitoring hypochlorite content under extremely cold conditions, as low as −78 °C. Meanwhile, its good biocompatibility permitted the use of D1 to detect intracellular ClO− by confocal microscopy. Moreover, D1 was successfully applied to monitor exogenous and endogenous ClO− in zebrafish through fluorescence imaging.
Sesquiterpenoids Produced by Combining Two Sesquiterpene Cyclases with Promiscuous Myxobacterial CYP260B1
Authors: Yuan Yujie , Litzenburger Martin , Cheng Shu , Bian Guangkai , Hu Ben , Yan Pan , Cai Yousheng , Deng Zixin , Bernhardt Rita , Liu Tiangang
Published: November 2018

Sesquiterpenes represent a class of important terpenoids with high structural diversity and a wide range of applications. The cyclized core skeletons are generated by sesquiterpene cyclases, and the structural diversity is further increased by a series of modification steps. Cytochromes P450 (P450s) are a class of monooxygenases and one of the main contributors to the structural diversity of natural products. Some of these P450s show a broad substrate range and might be promising candidates for the implementation of cascade reactions. In this study, a combinatorial biosynthesis approach was utilized by the combination of a promiscuous myxobacterial P450 (CYP260B1) with two sesquiterpene cyclases (FgJ01056, FgJ09920) of filamentous fungi. Two oxygenated products, culmorin and culmorone, and a new compound, koraidiol, were successfully generated and characterized. This approach suggests the potential use of noncognate P450s to produce novel oxygenated terpenoids, or to generate a novel biosynthetic route for known terpenoids by a combinatorial biosynthesis strategy.
The Nature of the Electro‐Oxidative Catalytic Response of Mixed Metal Oxides: Pt‐ and Ru‐Doped SnO2 Anodes
Authors: Berenguer Raul , Quijada Cesar , Morallón Emilia
Published: November 2018

The catalytic behavior of metal oxides for oxidative reactions is generally classified into active or non‐active, depending on whether surface redox species participate or not. In the case of mixed metal oxides, however, this simplified scenario may be more complex. Non‐active oxides containing electroactive metal species, like Pt‐ and/or Ru‐doped SnO2 electrodes, are promising anode materials for the electrochemical treatment of wastewaters. This work analyzes the effect of Pt and Ru species on the nature of the electro‐oxidative catalytic response of Ti/SnO2 anodes. For this purpose, the electro‐oxidation of phenol and the competing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in NaOH have been chosen as model reactions. The different electrodes and reactions were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Tafel measurements. The obtained results reveal that both Pt and Ru introduce solid‐state redox processes and catalyze the OER and the phenol oxidation onto Ti/SnO2‐based electrodes. Nevertheless, the dopants induce quite different active behaviors in the mixed oxides. Pt practically does not affect the OER mechanism, but enhances its kinetics, so its electrocatalytic activity is associated with a specific adsorption of hydroxyl anions or phenolate on Pt sites, without participation of the irreversible Pt/PtOx couple (i. e. a “non‐redox‐active” behavior). On the contrary, Ru species involve various and highly reversible redox processes that accelerate and modify the rate‐determining step of the OER, and that actively mediate in the phenol oxidation.
A Multicolor Large Stokes Shift Fluorogen‐Activating RNA Aptamer with Cationic Chromophores
Authors: Steinmetzger Christian , Palanisamy Navaneethan , Gore Kiran R. , Höbartner Claudia
Published: November 2018

Large Stokes shift (LSS) fluorescent proteins (FPs) exploit excited state proton transfer pathways to enable fluorescence emission from the phenolate intermediate of their internal 4‐hydroxybenzylidene imidazolone (HBI) chromophore. An RNA aptamer named Chili mimics LSS FPs by inducing highly Stokes‐shifted emission from several new green and red HBI analogues that are non‐fluorescent when free in solution. The ligands are bound by the RNA in their protonated phenol form and feature a cationic aromatic side chain for increased RNA affinity and reduced magnesium dependence. In combination with oxidative functionalization at the C2 position of the imidazolone, this strategy yielded DMHBO+, which binds to the Chili aptamer with a low‐nanomolar KD. Because of its highly red‐shifted fluorescence emission at 592 nm, the Chili–DMHBO+ complex is an ideal fluorescence donor for Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to the rhodamine dye Atto 590 and will therefore find applications in FRET‐based analytical RNA systems.
The cognitive effects of endocrine therapy in survivors of breast cancer: A prospective longitudinal study up to 6 years after treatment
Authors: Van Dyk Kathleen , Crespi Catherine M. , Bower Julienne E. , Castellon Steven A. , Petersen Laura , Ganz Patricia A.
Published: November 2018

Background

After treatment of primary breast cancer, endocrine therapy (ET) is prescribed for patients with hormone receptor–positive cancers. Despite ET recommendations of 5 to 10 years of treatment, to the authors’ knowledge there is little prospective study of its impact on cognitive function over an extended period of time. ET has known pharmacologic effects on the brain. Cognitive side effects are a concern for many women, with mixed findings reported in various studies. The current prospective longitudinal study examined the neuropsychological effects of ET over time, up to 6 years after treatment.

Methods

A total of 189 survivors of early‐stage breast cancer enrolled in the study prior to initiating ET if prescribed, and were followed at 6 months (175 patients), 12 months (173 patients), and for 3 to 6 years (102 patients) with self‐report and neuropsychological assessments. Using linear mixed models, the authors examined whether neuropsychological performance or impairment rates differed over time based on whether or not ET was received.

Results

The authors did not find any effect of ET on neuropsychological performance or impairment at any time point among survivors who received it compared with women who did not. However, those who participated in the 3‐year to 6‐year year visit demonstrated better executive function at baseline.

Conclusions

In the current observational cohort study, no detrimental effect of ET on cognitive function was identified in survivors of early‐stage breast cancer receiving treatment with ET compared with those who were not.
Reducing Adhesion for Dispensing Tiny Water/Oil Droplets and Gas Bubbles by Femtosecond Laser‐Treated Needle Nozzles: Superhydrophobicity, Superoleophobicity, and Superaerophobicity
Authors: Yong Jiale , Singh Subhash C. , Zhan Zhibing , Huo Jinglan , Chen Feng , Guo Chunlei
Published: November 2018

Three‐level microstructures were formed on the stainless‐steel surfaces by simple femtosecond laser ablation. The structured surfaces exhibit superhydrophilicity in air and superoleophobicity/superaerophobicity in water. After further stearic acid modification, the surfaces turned to superhydrophobicity and underwater superoleophilicity/superaerophilicity. Through this technique, the nozzle of a needle is transformed to possess superwettabilities. When the nozzles were used to release liquid and gas, the sizes of the dispensed water and oil droplets and air bubbles were dramatically reduced. Particularly, we demonstrate that the underwater superaerophobic nozzle could dispense air bubbles in nanoliter volume without the need of reducing the nozzle diameter. The liquid retention at the opening of the needle was also effectively prevented. Therefore, the reduced droplet/bubble size and retention allow us to achieve a dramatically enhanced volume accuracy and resolution during manipulation and transport of aqueous solutions and gases. The femtosecond laser‐induced superwetting nozzles can be used in high‐resolution liquid transport, inkjet printing, 3D printing, pipettes, medical devices, cell engineering, biological detection, microchemical reactor, and reducing industrial gas emission.
Chemical characterization and origin of dyes used in the manufacture of Beninese cultural heritage objects
Authors: Fagbohoun Louis , Mathe Carole , Gbaguidi Fernand A. , Ayedoun Marc A. , Moudachirou Mansourou , Vieillescazes Cathy
Published: November 2018

Six objects of Beninese cultural heritage provided by African and Confluences museums of Lyon (France) were the focus of this study. The characterization of colored compounds was achieved using: microchemical tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector. The main results reflect the presence of organic compounds like indigotin, 2‐hydroxynaphthoquinone, and mineral ions such as Al3+, S2−, Na+, and Fe3+. Dyes were identified from Philenoptera cyanescens (Yoruba indigo) and Lawsonia inermis L. (henna); pigments were identified as laundry blue, Prussian blue, and iron oxides. All of these data therefore make possible the conservation and the restoration of these objects while maintaining their visual and functional integrity.
CENSOR: Cloud‐enabled secure IoT architecture over SDN paradigm
Authors: Conti Mauro , Kaliyar Pallavi , Lal Chhagan
Published: November 2018

The cyber‐security threats to low‐cost end‐user devices could severely undermine the expected deployment of Internet of Thing (IoT) solutions in a range of real‐world applications such as environment monitoring, transportation, and manufacturing. Additionally, the huge amount of data generated by these devices posses new challenges concerning tasks such as efficient information acquisition and analysis, decision making, and action implementation. In this paper, we propose CENSOR, a novel cloud‐enabled secure IoT network architecture based on SDN paradigm. We discuss the significant benefits as well as challenges that are inherent while performing integration of SDN and IoT in CENSOR. We show that the emerging software‐based networking features combined with the cloud computing solutions can significantly improve the security and communication reliability in the target IoT scenarios. In particular, to provide the adequate security measures in the network, CENSOR uses a lightweight and scalable software remote attestation scheme, which ensures the integrity of the software that is being executed by the IoT devices to achieve the application specific goals in the network. We further discuss the improvements in data communication and data overhead that can be achieved in CENSOR due to its convergence with the cloud computing (at back‐end) and fog computing services (at edge routers or front‐end). A Smart City use‐case has been considered as a target IoT scenario to analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of CENSOR concerning the communication security and the network scalability parameters. Additionally, we provide future research directions along with the recent industry initiatives that include open issues in the integration and deployment of cloud‐enabled SDN‐based IoT networks.
A novel deep learning method for extracting unspecific biomedical relation
Authors: Bai Tian , Wang Chunyu , Wang Ye , Huang Lan , Xing Fuyong
Published: November 2018

Biomedical relation extraction is an important research subject in Natural language processing (NLP). Deep learning technology has shown greater value in improving accuracy of relation extraction results recently. Existing methods mostly focus on extracting (1) specific relation from short texts (eg, drug‐drug interaction and protein‐protein interaction) and (2) unspecific relation from full text corpora. However, extracting unspecific relation from short text, which is more and more important in practical use, is rarely studied. In this paper, a new model called MAT‐LSTM is proposed to extract unspecific relation from short text in biomedical literatures. Experiments on two Biocreative benchmark datasets and one BioNLP benchmark datasets were made to measure the validity of the proposed model MAT‐LSTM, and better performance is achieved. The MAT‐LSTM model is also applied practically in extracting unspecific relation contained in the PubMed literatures. The results extracted from PubMed by using the proposed model were verified by experts mostly, indicating the practical value of the MAT‐LSTM model.
ID‐based dynamic replicated data auditing for the cloud
Authors: Yu Haiyang , Cai Yongquan , Sinnott Richard O. , Yang Zhen
Published: November 2018

As an essential component of cloud computing, cloud storage provides flexible data storage services for individuals and organizations. By storing multiple replicas of data in servers, cloud storage providers (CSPs) can improve availability and stability of the cloud storage service. To ensure that all data replicas of a cloud user are intact and completely stored in the CSP, many multi‐replica cloud auditing schemes have been proposed. However, such schemes are predominantly based on the public key infrastructure (PKI), which incurs complex certificate management. In addition, existing schemes do not consider support for sector‐level dynamic auditing. In this paper, we propose a fine‐grained dynamic multi‐replica data auditing scheme that has the following features: (1) it uses ID‐based cryptography to eliminate the cost of certificate management, (2) it supports efficient sector‐level dynamic operations on cloud user data, and (3) it optimizes the challenge algorithm to reduce the computational cost of the third party auditor (TPA). We show that the proposed scheme is provably secure based on a random oracle model. The performance analysis and experiments show the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Prediction confidence‐based dynamic selection and weighted integration
Authors: Li Lei‐Jun , Li Mei‐Zheng , Mi Ju‐Sheng , Xie Bin
Published: November 2018

Ensemble learning is a successful learning paradigm and has gained considerable attention due to good generalization performance. Selection and integration of base learners are two key issues to construct an ensemble system. In this paper, a new kind framework of dynamic selection and weighted integration is proposed based on prediction confidence. In order to predict a sample, the base learners whose prediction confidences on the sample greater than or equal to a specified threshold are selected, and a final prediction is made based on the selected base learners with weighted integration. In weighted integration, the weight of a learner is computed based on its prediction confidence. Since the prediction confidences on different samples are different, the selected base learners as well as the weights are usually different for different samples. The computation of threshold is a key to the proposed framework. In classification ensemble, the threshold is computed via minimization of margin loss. In regression ensemble, the threshold is computed via minimization of prediction error. We analyze the rationality of the proposed framework in detail, and compare it with some other popular methods based on UCI classification tasks and short‐term wind speed prediction, respectively. Experimental results validate its effectiveness.
Improving resolution of medical images with deep dense convolutional neural network
Authors: Wei Shuaifang , Wu Wei , Jeon Gwanggil , Ahmad Awais , Yang Xiaomin
Published: November 2018

Doctors always desire high‐resolution medical images to have accurate diagnosis. Super‐resolution (SR) is a technology that can improve the resolution of medical images. Convolutional neural network (CNN)–based SR methods have achieved desired performance in natural images. In this paper, we apply a deep dense SR (DDSR) convolutional neural networks model to two types of medical images, including Computerized Tomography (CT) images and Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) images. This network densely connects every hidden layer to learn high‐level features, which was first proposed for object recognition. A set of medical images is used for experiments. We compare the performance of DDSR with three state‐of‐the‐art SR network models, including SR Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN), Fast SR Convolutional Neural Network (FSRCNN), and Very Deep SR Convolutional Neural Network (VDSR). Both the objective indices and subjective evaluations are used for comparison. The results show that the proposed network has better performances both on CT and MRI images.
Superweak Coordinating Anion as Superstrong Enhancer of Cyanine Organic Semiconductor Properties
Authors: Gesevičius Donatas , Neels Antonia , Yakunin Sergii , Hack Erwin , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Nüesch Frank , Heier Jakob
Published: November 2018

The superweak tetrakis(nonafluoro‐tert‐butoxy)aluminate coordinating anion was employed to introduce pseudo‐gas‐phase conditions to the 2‐[5‐(1,3‐dihydro‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2H‐indol‐2‐ylidene)‐1,3‐pentadien‐1‐yl]‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indolium chromophore. The resulting formation of a photoactive organic–inorganic hybrid salt has led to a highly stabilized excited state of the organic chromophore mainly due to the minimized lattice energy and Coulomb interactions. These highly beneficial features caused by the well dispersed negative charge of the anion have led to an enhanced neat spin‐casted film fluorescence intensity, prolonged fluorescence lifetime, smooth thin film surfaces and a record power photovoltaic efficiency of 3.8 % when compared to organic salts of this particular chromophore containing anions with localised negative charge. Clear evidence is given that a superweak coordinating anion is an emerging key parameter in cyanine dye photochemistry. This approach can be seen as a general guideline to prepare highly efficient ionic dyes for organic semiconductor applications.
Interleaved Dual NMR Acquisition of Equivalent Transfer Pathways in TOCSY and HSQC Experiments
Authors: Nolis Pau , Motiram‐Corral Kumar , Pérez‐Trujillo Míriam , Parella Teodor
Published: November 2018

A dual NMR data acquisition strategy to handle and detect two active equivalent transfer pathways is presented and discussed. We illustrate the power of this time‐efficient approach by collecting two different 2D spectra simultaneously in a single experiment: i) TOCSY or HSQC‐TOCSY spectra with different mixing times, ii) F2‐13C‐coupled and decoupled HSQC spectra, iii) conventional and pure‐shift HSQC spectra, or iv) complementary HSQC and HSQC‐TOCSY spectra.
Stakeholder engagement in green place branding: A focus on user‐generated content
Authors: Acuti Diletta , Grazzini Laura , Mazzoli Valentina , Aiello Gaetano
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this research is to investigate how the green image of a city can affect potential visitors' attitude toward the city in the context of user‐generated content. The study adopts a 2 × 2 experimental design in which the greenness of the city image and the social distance between the users and the authors of social media content are examined. The results demonstrate that green image has a significant effect on attitudes toward cities. Moreover, the effects of social media content vary according to the perceived social distance between the author of the post and potential visitors. This study contributes to the literature by assessing the role that social media content plays in place branding and communication. Furthermore, it provides relevant insights on how institutions should enhance the sustainable resources of cities with their environmental policy and encourage the generation of content from various stakeholders to contribute to the development of a city's image.
Metal Nanoclusters: New Paradigm in Catalysis for Water Splitting, Solar and Chemical Energy Conversion
Authors: Munir Akhtar , Joya Khurram Saleem , Ul haq Tanveer , Babar Noor‐Ul‐Ain , Hussain Syed Zajif , Qurashi Ahsanulhaq , Ullah Najeeb , Hussain Irshad
Published: November 2018

A sustainable future demands innovative breakthroughs in science and technology today, especially in the energy sector. Earth‐abundant resources can be explored and used to develop renewable and sustainable resources of energy to meet the ever‐increasing global energy demand. Efficient solar‐powered conversion systems exploiting inexpensive and robust catalytic materials for the photo‐ and photo‐electro‐catalytic water splitting, photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, and usage of waste products (such as CO2) as chemical fuels are appealing solutions. Many electrocatalysts and nanomaterials have been extensively studied in this regard. Low overpotentials, catalytic stability, and accessibility remain major challenges. Metal nanoclusters (NCs, ≤3 nm) with dimensions between molecule and nanoparticles (NPs) are innovative materials in catalysis. They behave like a “superatom” with exciting size‐ and facet‐dependent properties and dynamic intrinsic characteristics. Being an emerging field in recent scientific endeavors, metal NCs are believed to replace the natural photosystem II for the generation of green electrons in a viable way to facilitate the challenging catalytic processes in energy‐conversion schemes. This Review aims to discuss metal NCs in terms of their unique physicochemical properties, possible synthetic approaches by wet chemistry, and various applications (mostly recent advances in the electrochemical and photo‐electrochemical water splitting cycle and the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells). Moreover, the significant role that MNCs play in dye‐sensitized solar cells and nanoarrays as a light‐harvesting antenna, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into fuels, and concluding remarks about the present and future perspectives of MNCs in the frontiers of surface science are also critically reviewed.
Enhanced Cycling Performance for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by a Laminated 2D g‐C3N4/Graphene Cathode Interlayer
Authors: Qu Long , Liu Pei , Yi Yikun , Wang Tao , Yang Pu , Tian Xiaolu , Li Mingtao , Yang Bolun , Dai Sheng
Published: November 2018

Decay in electrochemical performance resulting from the “shuttle effect” of dissolved lithium polysulfides is one of the biggest obstacles for the realization of practical applications of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. To meet this challenge, a 2D g‐C3N4/graphene sheet composite (g‐C3N4/GS) was fabricated as an interlayer for a sulfur/carbon (S/KB) cathode. It forms a laminated structure of channels to trap polysulfides by physical and chemical interactions. The thin g‐C3N4/GS interlayer significantly suppresses diffusion of the dissolved polysulfide species (Li2Sx; 2<x≤8) from the cathode to the anode, as proven by using an H‐type glass cell divided by a g‐C3N4/GS‐coated separator. The S/KB cathode with the g‐C3N4/GS interlayer (S/KB@C3N4/GS) delivers a discharge capacity of 1191.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 100 cycles, an increase of more than 90 % compared with an S/KB cathode alone (625.8 mAh g−1). The S/KB@C3N4/GS cathode shows good cycling life, delivering a discharge capacity as high as 612.4 mAh g−1 for 1 C after 1000 cycles. According to XPS results, the anchoring of the g‐C3N4/GS interlayer to Li2Sx can be attributed to a coefficient chemical binding effect of g‐C3N4 and graphene on long‐chain polysulfides. Generally, the improvement in electrochemical performance originates from a coefficient of the enhanced Li+ diffusion coefficient, increased charge transfer, and the weakening of the shuttle effect of the dissolved Li2Sx as a result of the g‐C3N4/GS interlayer.
Syntheses of Bis‐Triazole Linked Carbohydrate Based Macrocycles and Their Applications for Accelerating Copper Sulfate Mediated Click Reaction
Authors: Chen Anji , Samankumara Lalith P. , Dodlapati Sanjeeva , Wang Dan , Adhikari Surya , Wang Guijun
Published: November 2018

Macrocyclic compounds play an important role in many research fields including drug discovery and development, bioorganic chemistry, and materials sciences. Carbohydrate‐based macrocycles are important compounds with unique structures and many potential applications. In this study, we have designed and synthesized a series of 1,2,3‐triazole linked and pyranose embedded macrocycles in short steps through the copper (I) catalyzed azide and alkyne cycloaddition reactions (CuAACs). Eight non‐symmetrical glucosamine based and bis‐triazole linked macrocycles have been synthesized starting from the readily available N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine. These triazole‐linked glycomacrocycles showed remarkable reaction rate accelerations for CuSO4 mediated azide and alkyne cycloaddition reactions in aqueous mixtures. Several azides including a sugar azide, which react sluggishly with alkynes, have been accelerated with the synthesized macrocycles. The benzoylated macrocycles with three methylene linkage at anomeric positions were the most effective among the eight macrocycles.