bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Freshwater Subaqueous Soil Resources: Examples from Southern New England
Authors: Bakken Jonathan , Stolt Mark H.
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Soil series were developed for Humaquepts, Frasiwassists, and Psammentic and Aeric Frasiwassents.

GPR technology provided accurate analysis of water depth, substrate type, and organic thickness.

We identified five soil‐landscape units: lakebed, shoals, shoreline, coves, and deepwater.

Subaqueous soils are those that occur under permanently flooded or ponded environments. Few studies have investigated freshwater subaqueous soil systems. In this study, we used traditional and modified soil survey techniques to investigate subaqueous soils in three created (impoundments) and three natural freshwater lakes in southern New England. The objectives were to test the effectiveness of bathymetric maps and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) for establishing soil–landscape relationships in freshwater subaqueous systems, compare soil types between natural and impounded systems, and investigate the genesis of these soils. Bathymetric data were collected with a fathometer to create topographic maps of the lake bottoms to delineate subaqueous landscapes. Ground penetrating radar transects were run across landscape units to test the effectiveness of this technology to identify soil properties that could be used to separate mapping units. The primary landscape units identified included lakeshores, coves, lakebeds, and shoals. Lakebed and lakeshore units comprised 71 to 90% of the landscape regardless of whether the water bodies were natural or impounded. Ground penetrating radar was effective at identifying the presence of stones and boulders at the soil surface, stratified mineral layers, and the thickness of organic soil materials. Eighty‐one pedons were characterized and classified as Frasiwassists (34), Frasiwassents (32), and Humaquepts (18). All three great groups were identified in both natural and impounded systems with Frasiwassists the dominant soil type in all of the impounded sites. The primary soil processes included melanization resulting in umbric epipedons and organic matter accumulation resulting in histic epipedons in impounded sites with dense invasive vegetation. Frassiwassists were likely developed prior to submergence in both the natural and impounded systems.
Land Use Effects on Soil Fertility and Nutrient Cycling in the Peruvian High‐Andean Puna Grasslands
Authors: Rolando Jose L. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , Ramirez David A. , Ruiz-Moreno Martín , Turin Cecilia , Mares Victor , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Quiroz Roberto
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

A short‐term increase in fertility and greater N mineralization were found in agricultural lands.

Low plant recovery and soil degradation were found in fallow soils correlated with erosion indexes.

In grass‐legume mixture pastures, improved soil structure and N build up increased soil fertility.

P was found as the limiting nutrient in the studied agroecosystem.

Expansion of crop production into high‐altitude native grasslands is occurring in the Peruvian High‐Andes due to climate change and agricultural intensification, with little understanding of the consequences to the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of land‐use changes on soil fertility and nutrient cycling to guide future land management. Comparisons were made between native grasslands and two alternative farming systems; the first was a system in which native grassland was replaced by an annual cash crop, maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.), followed by a long fallow and the second was a long‐standing perennial cultivated pasture. There was greater N mineralization, extractable Bray‐1 P, and K+ in recently converted maca soils relative to adjacent native grassland soils most likely caused by tillage‐induced nutrient mineralization and by incorporation of manure and native grassland residue during the first year of land preparation prior to planting maca. Soil fertility, as determined by an ex situ pot trial to measure plant yield, was correlated with plant cover, soil total organic carbon, and water stable aggregates (WSA) under fallow following maca, suggesting that soil erosion might be an issue in the long term. In cultivated pastures, we found an increase in long‐term fertility driven primarily by the build‐up of soil N and improved soil structure in the perennial grass‐legume mixture compared with adjacent native grassland. Responsible management of the Puna agroecosystem requires restoration of plant cover after annual cropping of maca or the establishment of mixed perennial cultivated pasture.
Microbial Activities and Gross Nitrogen Transformation Unaffected by Ten‐Year Nitrogen and Sulfur Addition
Authors: Kwak Jin-Hyeob , Naeth M. Anne , Chang Scott X.
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Ten years of N and S deposition did not change microbial and enzyme activities.

N and S deposition did not affect gross N transformation rates.

Gross N mineralization rates were greater than gross nitrification rates.

Gross NO3–immobilization rates were greater than gross nitrification rates.

Studied soils were still N limited after ten years of N and S deposition.

Oil sands mining in northern Alberta, Canada, emits large amounts of NOxand SO2to the atmosphere, which will eventually return to the surrounding forest ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine changes in microbial and enzyme activities, and gross nitrogen transformation rates in a boreal forest soil in response to 10 yr (2006–2015) of elevated levels of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) addition. The experiment had a two (0 vs. 30 kg N h–1yr–1, as NH4NO3) × two (0 vs. 30 kg S ha–1yr–1, as Na2SO4) factorial design with three blocks. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted using forest floor and the mineral soil (0–15 cm). Ten years of elevated N and S additions did not affect soil chemical (pH, total C, total N and available N concentrations) and microbiological properties (microbial biomass C and N, soil respiration rate, and enzyme activities related to C and N cycling) and gross N transformation rates. Gross N mineralization (0.54–0.62 and 36–49 mg N kg–1d–1for mineral soil and forest floor, respectively) and gross NH4+immobilization (0.39–0.57 and 10–19 mg N kg–1d–1, respectively) rates were tightly coupled in both soil layers. Gross NO3‐immobilization rates (20–32 mg N kg–1d–1) were significantly greater than gross nitrification rates (9–20 mg N kg–1d–1) in the forest floor. Our results suggest that the studied boreal forest soil was resilient or resistant to 10 yr of N and S addition and the studied soils were still N limited. Given the current N and S emission and deposition rates in northern Alberta, the risk for N and S deposition to significantly affect gross N transformation rates is low for the studied forest ecosystem.
Modeling of diversification of foreign economic interactions
Authors: Hroznyi Ihor , Kuzmak Oleh , Kuzmak Olena , Rusinova Olha
Published: February 2018

The article developed a basic simulation model of diversification of foreign economic interactions, which makes it possible to assess the mutual influence of key economic indicators and their reaction to changes in the equilibrium in world markets. The peculiarity of the developed model of diversification of foreign economic interactions is its functioning as a complex dynamic system in which many factors are interrelated, and the connections are dynamic. This makes it possible to calculate a simulation model that takes into account hidden and subtle connections. While modeling foreign economic interactions and evaluating the influence of various regulators on them, in addition to the stage of model development itself, mandatory parameterization of this model is proposed, that is, the determination of specific types of dependence between the factors included in the model and the parameters of these dependencies. The implementation of this model can be carried out in any simulation package.
Role of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection in co-infections with other viruses
Authors: MAJ-PALUCH JOANNA , REICHERT MICHAŁ
Published: February 2018

Co-infection is an infection of more than one pathogen. In an aquatic environment, the most common occurrence is the appearance of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in the presence of other viruses such as infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), or salmonid alphavirus (SAV). In most cases, the IPN virus reduces the proliferation of other viruses in cell cultures or in the internal organs of salmonids; for example, in IHNV or ISAV co-infections. However, it also happens that there is no significant effect on the multiplication of the virus with which it coexists, e.g. IPNV-VHSV. A body's defense mechanisms, interferon and other interferon-like factors or mutations in the genome play an important role in co-infection..
Methods for Anisakis simplex detection in fish and fishery productsMethods for Anisakis simplex detection in fish and fishery products
Authors: KOCHANOWSKI MACIEJ , RÓŻYCKI MIROSŁAW , DĄBROWSKA JOANNA , BILSKA-ZAJĄC EWA
Published: February 2018

Anisakis simplex is a zoonotic nematode which can cause human anisakiasis. Furthermore, A. simplex allergens, even of dead larvae, can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Due to the frequent occurrence in fish muscles and pathogenicity, A. simplex is a serious danger for consumers of fish products. Therefore, it is necessary to examine fish and fish products for the presence of these parasites before placing them on the market. The purpose of this paper is the review of the methods for A. simplex detection in fish and fishery products. These methods differ according to their effectiveness and type of the target analyte. They also have different suitability for examination of matrices with different properties. Moreover, this paper presents legislation associated with A. simplex detection. .
Integrated approach across prerequisite programmes and procedures based on HACCP principles
Authors: JACKOWSKA-TRACZ AGNIESZKA , TRACZ MICHAŁ , ANUSZ KRZYSZTOF
Published: February 2018

Food business operators are required to implement and maintain a system based on HACCP principles. The HACCP is the only food safety management system, the implementation of which is obligatory. The standards laid down by the Codex Alimentarius Commission serve as benchmarks not only for the obligatory implementation of the HACCP system principles, but also for private standards such as ISO, IFS or BRC. A voluntary implementation of private standards may lead to the wrong assumption that food companies do not necessarily have to but only may comply with the guidelines laid down by the implemented standard. The HACCP system guarantees no absolute food safety in and of itself. The underlying assumption of the HACCP system is that high-risk hazards should be controlled with the use of critical control points (CCPs). It is impossible to identify CCPs in all enterprises. In certain food businesses there are exclusively medium-risk or low-risk hazards that may be controlled with oPRPs or PRPs, respectively. The awareness on the role of critical control points and prerequisite programmes in the producer's efforts to prevent or eliminate hazards, or to reduce them to acceptable levels, is a key for performing a comprehensive supervision. During the performance of an official control, instead of focusing exclusively on the HACCP procedures, it is reasonable to apply an integrated approach comprising both prerequisite programmes and the HACCP principles..
Carbon source recovery from excess sludge by mechanical disintegration for biological denitrification
Authors: Zubrowska-Sudol M.
Published: February 2018

The goal of the study was to evaluate the possibility of carbon source recovery from excess sludge by mechanical disintegration for biological denitrification. The total efficiency of denitrification, unit demand for organic compounds for denitrification, unit volume of disintegrated sludge and unit cost of nitrogen removal as a function of energy density used for excess sludge disintegration (70, 140 and 210 kJ/L) were analyzed. In the study a full-scale disc disintegrator was used (motor power: 30 kWh, motor speed: 2,950 rpm). It was shown that the amounts of organic compounds released from the activated sludge flocs at all tested levels of energy density are high enough to be used to intensify the removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewater. It was also documented that the energy density provided during process of disintegration was an important factor determining the characteristics of organic compounds obtained under the disintegration for their use in order to intensify the process of denitrification. The highest value of total efficiency of denitrification (50.5 ± 3.1 mg N/L) was obtained for carbon source recovery from excess sludge at 70 kJ/L, but the lowest unit cost of nitrogen removal occurred for 140 kJ/L (0.0019 ± 0.0011 EUR/g N).
On the Consistency of the Provision of Art. 13, Sec. 2, Point 3 of The Act of 14th of April 2000 on International Agreements with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland – Deliberations in Light of Arguments Presented in the Judgement of the Constitutional Tribunal in Case No. K 33/12
Authors: Bennewicz Jakub
Published: February 2018

The paper discusses a problem of consistency of the art. 13 sec. 2 point 3 of the Polish Act of 14.4.2000 on international agreements with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The provision mentioned above introduces a case, in which a ratified agreement is amended by an agreement approved by the Polish Council of Ministers in so-called “simplified procedure”. That procedure means that the national process of entering into such agreement ends with giving a consent of the Government for signing it and no further steps to be bound by it need to be taken. International agreements adopted in the simplified procedure are not subject of ratification, therefore – according to the Polish constitutional system – they are considered as acts of internal law. Consequently, the application of art. 13 sec. 2 point 3 of the Act of 14.4.2000 on international agreements leads to a situation, in which – in the hierarchy of the Polish national law – an amended agreement is a source of universally binding law, but amendments made to its text are not. In this regard the relation between the amended and the amending provisions becomes unclear. Doubts concerning consistency of the discussed provision of the Act of 14.4.2000 on international agreements with the constitutional rule of indistinguishability of the rank of amended and amending acts of law and the procedure of adopting them are the main subject of deliberations in this paper.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Anxiety Symptoms and Cortical Activity in Patients with Panic Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lattari Eduardo , Budde Henning , Paes Flávia , Neto Geraldo Albuquerque Maranhão , Appolinario José Carlos , Nardi Antônio Egídio , Murillo-Rodriguez Eric , Machado Sérgio
Published: February 2018

Background:

The effects of the aerobic exercise on anxiety symptoms in patients with Panic Disorder (PD) remain unclear. Thus, the investigation of possible changes in EEG frontal asymmetry could contribute to understand the relationship among exercise, brain and anxiety.

Objective:

To investigate the acute effects of aerobic exercise on the symptoms of anxiety and the chronic effects of aerobic exercise on severity and symptoms related to PD, besides the changes in EEG frontal asymmetry.

Methods:

Ten PD patients were divided into two groups, Exercise Group (EG; n=5) and Control Group (CG; n=5), in a randomized allocation. At baseline and post-intervention, they submitted the psychological evaluation through Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), EEG frontal asymmetry, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). On the second visit, the patients of EG being submitted to the aerobic exercise (treadmill, 25 minutes, and 50-55% of heart rate reserve) and the CG remained seated for the same period of time. Both groups submitted a psychological evaluation with Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) at baseline, immediately after (Post-0), and after 10 minutes of the rest pause (Post-10). The patients performed 12 sessions of aerobic exercise with 48-72 hours of interval between sessions.

Results:

In EG, SUDS increased immediately after exercise practice and showed chronic decrease in BAI and BDI-II as well as increased in VO2max (Post-intervention).

Conclusion:

Aerobic exercise can promote increase in anxiety acutely and regular aerobic exercise promotes reduction in anxiety levels.
Finite Element Software for Rubber Products Design
Authors: Huri Dávid
Published: February 2018

Automotive rubber products are subjected to large deformations during working conditions, they often contact with other parts and they show highly nonlinear material behavior. Using finite element software for complex analysis of rubber parts can be a good way, although it has to contain special modules. Different types of rubber materials require the curve fitting possibility and the wide range choice of the material models. It is also important to be able to describe the viscoelastic property and the hysteresis. The remeshing possibility can be a useful tool for large deformation and the working circumstances require the contact and self contact ability as well. This article compares some types of the finite element software available on the market based on the above mentioned features.
What Can Be Achieved With Motivation-Based Teaching of Medical Students? A Monocentric Retrospective Audit of Retention Among Highly Motivated Graduates Who Underwent the Learning-by-Doing Concept in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Preprint)
Authors: Klincova Martina , Harazim Hana , Schwarz Daniel , Kosinova Martina , Smekalova Olga , Stourac Petr
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Medical education, in general, is undergoing a significant shift from traditional methods. It becomes very difficult to discover effective teaching methods within the limited possibilities in patient hands-on education, especially as seen in anesthesiology and intensive care medicine (AIM) teaching. Motivation-based teaching is very popular in all other aspects of education, but it has received scant attention in medical education literature, even though it can make a real difference for both students and physicians.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim of this retrospective audit was to find out if proper motivation-based teaching of students via the development of AKUTNE.CZ’s serious games can help retain graduates of the Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University (FMMU) for the AIM specialty.

METHODS

Motivation-based teaching and the learning-by-doing concept were applied to a subject called Individual Project. Our topic, The Development of the Multimedia Educational Portal, AKUTNE.CZ, has been offered since 2010. The objective has been the development of supportive material in the form of interactive algorithms, serious games, and virtual patients for problem-based learning or team-based learning lectures aimed at acute medicine. We performed a retrospective questionnaire evaluation of all participants from the 2010-2017 period, focusing on their choice of medical specialty in 2017. The data were reported descriptively.

RESULTS

We evaluated 142 students who passed Individual Project with topic The Development of the Multimedia Educational Portal, AKUTNE.CZ during 2010 to 2017. In this period, they developed up to 77 electronic serious games in the form of interactive multimedia algorithms. Out of 139 students in general medicine, 108 students (77.7%) had already graduated and 37 graduates (34.3%) worked in the AIM specialty. Furthermore, 57 graduates (52.8%) chose the same specialty after graduation, matching the topic of their algorithm, and 37 (65%) of these graduates decided to pursue AIM.

CONCLUSIONS

Motivation-based teaching and the concept of learning-by-doing by the algorithm/serious game development led to the significant retention of FMMU graduates in the AIM specialty. This concept could be considered successful, and as the concept itself can also be well integrated into the teaching of other medical specialties, the potential of motivation-based teaching should be used more broadly within medical education.
PERLINDUNGAN DAN PEMENUHAN HAK ANAK (Studi Tentang Orangtua Sebagai Buruh Migran Di Kabupaten Banyumas)
Authors: Indriati Noer Yuwanto , Wahyuningsih Krishnoe Kartika , S Sanyoto , S Suyadi
Published: February 2018

AbstractChildren are often the victims, good divorce, death, even the bustle of the parents to meet the necessities of life to be laborers abroad. Lack of parental attention badly the development, protection and fulfilment of children's rights. The aim of the research analyzed the protection and fulfilment of the rights of the child raised by a single parent or another. Juridical sociological approach method, the source of primary data and secondary, analyzed using interactive analysis models. Fulfillment of education, Kedondong Village the most excellent (90%), Cihonje (78.96%), Paningkaban (82.80%). The health of the six villages of good, average fulfillment such as playing, work at home, pocket money is quite good, while needs security device and community participation. IntisariAnak sering menjadi korban, baik perceraian, meninggalnya, bahkan kesibukan orang tua untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup hingga menjadi buruh di Luar Negeri. Kurangnya perhatian orang tua sangat berdampak pada perkembangan, perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak anak. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak anak yang diasuh oleh orang tua tunggal atau orang lain. Metode pendekatan yuridis sosiologis, sumber data primer dan data sekunder, dianalisa menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil Penelitian adalah Pemenuhan pendidikan, Desa Kedondong yang paling baik (90%), Cihonje (78,96%), Paningkaban (82,80%). Kesehatan dari enam Desa rata-rata baik, pemenuhan hak seperti bermain, pekerjaan di rumah, uang saku cukup baik, sedangkan keamanan diperlukan keikutsertaan perangkat dan masyarakat.
GADAI ATAS JAMINAN SERTIFIKAT MEREK PADA BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Usanti Trisadini Prasastinah
Published: February 2018

AbstractTrademark Rights in the practices of sharia banks is accepted as an object collateral for financing and burdened with pledge. Therefore, Trademark Rights is very risky because its value is not guaranteed then it is only accepted as an additional guarantee to the sharia bank. In minimizing risk, the Sharia bank shall assess that the Mark must have been registered as evidenced by the issuance of the certificate of Trademark, taking into account the period of protection of trademark and the inclusion of negative covenants and positive covenants in the pledge agreement as legal protection for sharia banks IntisariHak Atas Merek pada praktik bank syariah diterima sebagai objek jaminan pembiayaan dan dibebani dengan lembaga jaminan gadai. Oleh karena, Hak Atas Merek sangat berisiko karena nilainya tidak terjamin maka hanya diterima sebagai jaminan tambahan pada bank syariah. Dalam meminimalkan risiko, bank syariah melakukan penilaian bahwa Merek tersebut harus sudah terdaftar yang dibuktikan dengan diterbitkannya Sertifikat Merek, memperhatikan jangka waktu perlindungan merek tersebut dan pencantuman negative covenants dan positive covenants  dalam perjanjian gadai sebagai perlindungan hukum bagi bank syariah.
DISKURSUS KEWENANGAN AUDIT BPK TERHADAP KEUANGAN BUMN (PERSEROAN) PASCA PUTUSAN MK NOMOR 62/PUU-XI/2013
Authors: Paputungan Merdiansa Hamsa
Published: February 2018

AbstractConstitutional Court Decision Number: 62 / PUU-XI / 2013, confirmed the duties and authority of the Indonesian Supreme Audit Institution (BPK) in examining the management and financial responsibilities of all that elements, including the state finance of company that separated on country / region as stated in Law No. 17 Year 2003 on State Finance. This research aimed to answer three problems: (1) Does the financial state separated in State Owned Enterprises (SOE) is a state finance ?; (2) How is the authority of BPK  to examine the management and responsibility of state assets set aside in the SOE after Constitutional Court Decision Number: 62 / PUU-XI / 2013 ? To answer these problems, the authors conducted a juridical-normative research involves studying legal materials in the form of Constitutional Court decisions and Laws and Regulatory Issues, and the theory of legal entities to sharpen the research results. IntisariPutusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 62/PUU-XI/2013 mengukuhkan tugas dan wewenang BPK dalam memeriksa pengelolaan dan tanggung jawab keuangan negara termasuk yang dipisahkan pada perusahaan negara/daerah sebagaimana dalam Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara. Penelitian ini ingin menjawab tiga persoalan, (1) Apakah keuangan negara yang dipisahkan pada BUMN (Perseroan) merupakan keuangan negara?; (2) Bagaimana kewenangan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan dalam memeriksa pengelolaan dan tanggungjawab kekayaan negara yang dipisahkan di BUMN (Perseroan) pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 62/PUU-XI/2013? Untuk menjawab permasalah tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian yuridis-normatif, yakni meneliti bahan hukum berupa Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Peraturan Perundang-undangan, serta  menggunakan teori badan hukum untuk mempertajam hasil penelitian.
SOLUTION OF ADHESIVE CONTACT PROBLEM ON THE BASIS OF THE KNOWN SOLUTION FOR NON-ADHESIVE ONE
Authors: Popov Valentin L.
Published: February 2018

The well-known procedure of reducing an adhesive contact problem to the corresponding non-adhesive one is generalized in this short communication to contacts with an arbitrary contact shape and arbitrary material properties (e.g. non homogeneous or gradient media). The only additional assumption is that the sequence of contact configurations in an adhesive contact should be exactly the same as that of contact configurations in a non-adhesive one. This assumption restricts the applicability of the present method. Nonetheless, the method can be applied to many classes of contact problems exactly and also be used for approximate analyses.
Who is the Honorary Ambassador Best Suited to Reflect Your Organization’s Identity?
Authors: Hwang Sungwook , Jeong Jiyeon
Published: February 2018

We developed a unidimensional evaluation scale to enable managers of organizations to appoint the most suited individuals as honorary ambassadors. We chose the factors on which the scale is based through an extensive literature review, interviews with experts, exploration of their reviews,
and online surveys of Korean public relations practitioners. The 8 factors we selected for evaluating an honorary ambassador best suited to reflect an organization’s identity were attraction, trustworthiness, charisma, influence, expertise, uniqueness, similarity, and congruence. This
measurement scale provides scientific guidelines both for future researchers and for public relations practitioners to enable them to maximize their use of honorary ambassadors for maximum ambassador endorsement success for their client organizations.
The influence of the board of directors’ characteristics on firm performance: Evidence from Malaysian public listed companies
Authors: Abdulsamad Abdulkader Omer , Wan Fauziah Wan Yusoff , Lasyoud Alhashmi Aboubaker
Published: February 2018

This paper aims to investigate the influence of board characteristics on firm performance. The four boards of directors’ characteristics that are of interest in this paper are: CEO duality, independent directors (ID), board size (BS) and board meeting (BM). Return on Assets (ROA) and Earnings per Share (EPS) are used as measurements for firm performance. Data were collected from secondary sources based on a purposively selected sample of 341 Malaysian Public Listed Companies throughout the period ranging from 2003 to 2013. The data were analyzed using the panel data regression model. Results of testing the influences between board characteristics and firm performance are found to be mixed. For example, board meetings showed weak and negative influences on firm performance while independent directors had weak and positive influences only on ROA. Based on the findings of this study, it has been observed that the present listing requirements, which aligned with the assumptions of agency theory, by the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) and by the Bursa Malaysia requirements, might not be effective as expected in enhancing future firm performance.
Managing natural resources – are family firms different from other firms
Authors: Ulrich Patrick
Published: February 2018

The main objective of this paper is to show differences in natural resource management between family-firms and other firms. Existing literature states that many family firms feature a strong rooting in the industrial sector and rely heavily on existing natural resources as basis of their success. As natural resources are limited, it must be suspected that family firms’ economic success has a limited timespan if resources are not managed from a perspective of sustainability. This study shows that family firms view their natural resources both as more important and subjectively scarcer than non-family firms. This, however, is not reflected in resource management activities, as family firms show less such activities than other companies.
Pengembangan Formula dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik-pH Sediaan Gel Facial Wash yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Kayu Kesambi
Authors: Eugresya Gabriela , Avanti Christina , Uly Stella Agustina
Published: February 2018

Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa (L.) Oken.) merupakan tanaman khas provinsi Nusa TenggaraTimur. Pada esktrak etanol kulit kayu Kesambi terbukti mengandung triterpenoid yang berfungsi sebagaiantimikroba dalam melawan gram negatif dan positif. Sediaan facial wash sebagai pembersih wajahmerupakan produk yang umum digunakan pada kehidupan sehari-hari, namun dengan karakteristikekstrak etanol kulit kayu kesambi dan karakteristik formula standard facial wash yang berbeda akanmenjadi tantangan dalam memformulasikannya menjadi sebuah produk yang stabil. Pada penelitian inidikembangkan 9 formula (formula 1 s.d formula 9) facial wash yang mengandung ekstrak etanol kulit kayukesambi yang dievaluasi organoleptis dan viskositasnya. Selanjutnya ditentukan 3 formula terbaik yaituformula 7, 8, dan 9 untuk diuji stabilitas dipercepat menggunakan climatic chamber pada suhu 40 ± 2˚C dankelembaban relatif 75 ± 5% dengan titik pengamatan pada hari ke-0, 8, dan 30 sebanyak tiga replikasi. Tigaformula dievaluasi berdasarkan organoleptis, viskositas, tingkat busa, daya sebar dan pH selama uji stabilitas.Selain itu, dilakukan modifikasi pada konsentrasi gelling agent pada formula yang dirancang, yaitu 0,5%;0,7%; dan 0,8%. Berdasarkan uji stabilitas yang dilakukan, ketiga formula terbaik mengalami peningkatansignifikan pada parameter viskositas dan penurunan pada daya sebar akibat penguapan air yang terjadipada sediaan selama 30 hari penyimpanan, namun ketiga formula tersebut memiliki pH yang stabil, dimanapH sediaan tidak berubah secara bermakna setelah 30 hari penyimpanan. Namun ketiga formula dapatmempertahankan busa selama 30 hari penyimpanan. Perbedaan konsentrasi gelling agent berpengaruhterhadap viskositas yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan formula7 adalah formula terbaik berdasarkan parameter organoleptis, viskositas, tingkat busa, daya sebar, dan pH.
Red-flagging who? Combative agendas concerning infants in New Zealand ECE
Authors: White Jayne
Published: February 2018

This is a comment on a topical news item, requested by the editors. As such we have asked the author to omit the usual scholarly apparatus and to give us a more immediate response to a significant series of items appearing in The New Zealand Herald. The response was written when only the first item in the series had appeared.
The transformative educative prospects of flexible learning environments
Authors: Benade Leon
Published: February 2018

An opinion piece on flexible learning environments.
Primary School Teachers' Uptake of Professional Readings: Understanding the Factors Affecting Teachers' Learning
Authors: Kitchen Margaret Clare , Jeurissen Maree , Gray Susan
Published: February 2018

Professional reading is a core source of input in teacher professional development. This article describes 47 primary school teachers' reports of their professional reading both in their schools and during the first year of a university TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other languages) in-service qualification. One third of these teachers are bilingual. Both motivation and engagement are explored and vignettes of two bilingual teachers illustrate these factors. The findings show the frequency of participation in professional learning through professional readings is beneficial but low, however teacher professional reading attitudes are dynamic, the variables being relevancy and agency.
The 'business' of state schooling in Aotearoa NZ
Authors: O'Neill John
Published: February 2018

Not so long ago, public schooling in Aotearoa, with few exceptions, was state-funded and state-provided. That is no longer the case.
On the Periphery or at the Centre?: Ideas for improving the physical and interpersonal environments for Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, and Trans-sexual/gender students at a NZ Secondary School
Authors: Hemi Wendy , Mortlock Anita
Published: February 2018

Despite mandates that require schools to be safe places for all students, issues persist around the provision of safety for lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, trans-sexual, and trans-gendered students and staff. The current study reports the initial two stages of an action research project undertaken in a New Zealand secondary school, which aimed to enhance the interpersonal and physical environments for students with diverse gender identities and sexual orientations. The first phase consisted of data gathering, comprising an evaluation of the physical environment and a survey issued to students and staff. The second phase was the development of a plan for ongoing action and improvement, consisting of education, provision of safe spaces and meaningful support, and artefacts that communicate tolerance.
RESEARCH OF MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE FLOATING DRILLING RIGS AT THE INITIAL STAGES OF DESIGN
Authors: Ignatovich Vladilen Sergeevich , Kuzmina Anna Valentinovna , Rodkina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: February 2018

The paper presents a design scheme for estimating the main characteristics of semisubmersible floating drilling rigs at the initial stages of design. According to the analysis results of loading items of the a semisubmersible drilling rig hull, it is evident that all items, except for the mass of the metal hull (technological equipment and stores, main mechanisms, ship supply and fuel), mainly depend on the depth of drilling and can be adopted on the basis of the prototype with a sufficient degree of accuracy at the beginning of design. Relative to the semisubmersible drilling rig type, the volume of ballast received for moving to the working position depends on the height of the freeboard of the pontoons and on the volume of the columns to the waterline of the working position. The ballast chosen in this way should be placed only in the lower pontoons which also have compartments for pumps and fuel tanks. Taking into account buoyancy conditions in the marching and working (semi-submersible) position, as well as requirements specification for the design of semi-submersible floating drilling rigs, there have been found dependencies which allow obtaining and analyzing characteristics of the pontoons and columns, as well as the rig’s heaving parameters required at the starting stage of design. To determine the size and volume of the hull (pontoons, stabilizing columns and upper hull), there has been proposed an order for calculating the characteristics of semi-submersible floating drilling rigs. The estimation of the rig’s heaving motions when drilling occurs in the rough sea has been done. The technique obtained can be used in the educational process when studying the design of semisubmersible crafts, such as semisubmersible drilling rigs and floating cranes
EVALUATION OF VIBRATION LEVELS OF THE STERN GEAR WITH OIL LUBRICATION
Authors: Rodygin Vladimir Vasilievich , Nikolaev Nikolay Ivanovich , Gricenko Michail Victorovich
Published: February 2018

Periodic changes in the torque of the shaft line caused by the engine and uneven hydrodynamic resistance of the propeller are accompanied by vibration of the stern gear. The increased clearance because of loose fit of the stern bearing provokes vibrations of the shaft. With increasing clearance in the stern bearing, lubrication is interrupted, the constant of friction increases, which is accompanied by damage of sliding supports and failure of the bearing. Vibration can result in cracks in the ship's hull and foundation of the support bearings, damage of the stern bearing and the propeller shaft. With systematic measurement of vibration, the frequency analysis obtained allows to determine the nature of the fault and the causes of its occurrence, which greatly improves the reliability of the stern gear and prevents the developing defect. Measuring vibration of ship mechanisms and equipment is described in the Rules of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping and used actively to monitor the technical condition of ships. The obtained results of vibration measurements are compared to the levels (categories) of the Rules. The ship shaft inspection system, approved by the classification societies, also recommends measuring vibrations of the stern bearings in operation for a modified (without shaft withdrawal) examination of the stern gear, which significantly reduces the costs. Unfortunately, the Rules and requirements do not contain standards for stern gear vibrations, taking into account their design features, which makes impossible to assess the condition of the mechanism. According to the measuring stern gear vibrations onboard the vessels projects 2608 and 1907 and to the comparison of results to the existed standards, there have been collected data for further evaluation of the levels and categories of the stern gear condition.
Comparison of Power for Multiple Comparison Procedures
Authors: Rodger Robert S. , Roberts Mark
Published: February 2018

The number of methods for evaluating, and possibly making statistical decisions about, null contrasts - or their small sub-set, multiple comparisons - has grown extensively since the early 1950s. That demonstrates how important the subject is, but most of the growth consists of modest variations of the early methods. This paper examines nine fairly basic procedures, six of which are methods designed to evaluate contrasts chosen post hoc, i.e., after an examination of the test data. Three of these use experimentwise or familywise type 1 error rates (Scheffé 1953, Tukey 1953, Newman-Keuls, 1939 and 1952), two use decision-based type 1 error rates (Duncan 1951 and Rodger 1975a) and one (Fisher's LSD 1935) uses a mixture of the two type 1 error rate definitions. The other three methods examined are for evaluating, and possibly deciding about, a limited number of null contrasts that have been chosen independently of the sample data - preferably before the data are collected. One of these (planned t-tests) uses decision-based type 1 error rates and the other two (one based on Bonferroni's Inequality 1936, and the other Dunnett's 1964 Many-One procedure) use a familywise type 1 error rate. The use of these different type 1 error rate definitionsA creates quite large discrepancies in the capacities of the methods to detect true non-zero effects in the contrasts being evaluated. This article describes those discrepancies in power and, especially, how they are exacerbated by increases in the size of an investigation (i.e., an increase in J, the number of samples being examined). It is also true that the capacity of a multiple contrast procedure to 'unpick' 'true' differences from the sample data is influenced by the type of contrast the procedure permits. For example, multiple range procedures (such as that of Newman-Keuls and that of Duncan) permit only comparisons (i.e., two-group differences) and that greatly limits their discriminating capacity (which is not, technically speaking, their power). Many methods (those of Scheffé, Tukey's HSD, Newman-Keuls, Fisher's LSD, Bonferroni and Dunnett) place their emphasis on one particular question, "Are there any differences at all among the groups?" Some other procedures concentrate on individual contrasts (i.e., those of Duncan, Rodger and Planned Contrasts); so are more concerned with how many false null contrasts the method can detect. This results in two basically different definitions of detection capacity. Finally, there is a categorical difference between what post hoc methods and those evaluating pre-planned contrasts can find. The success of the latter depends on how wisely (or honestly well informed) the user has been in planning the limited number of statistically revealing contrasts to test. That can greatly affect the method's discriminating success, but it is often not included in power evaluations. These matters are elaborated upon as they arise in the exposition below. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v4i1_rodger
Teaching GLM Concepts: Explicating the Connections
Authors: Skidmore Susan Troncoso
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the present paper is to encourage textbook authors, quantitative instructors, curriculum writers, and software developers to move away from the use of isolated apparently disconnected analyses and instead move towards the use of the general linear model as a foundational framework for graduate level statistics training. It is argued that an understanding of modeling, simple linear equations, and commonly used analogous statistical terms will facilitate students understanding of frequently used parametric analyses. Additionally, this holistic approach will equip students with the necessary preparatory skills to understand newer analytical approaches. Three heuristic examples are provided.DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v6i2_skidmore
Designing Valid and Reliable Vignette Experiments for Survey Research: A Case Study on the Fair Gender Income Gap
Authors: Steiner Peter M. , Atzmüller Christiane , Su Dan
Published: February 2018

In survey research, vignette experiments typically employ short, systematically varied descriptions of situations or persons (called vignettes) to elicit the beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors of respondents with respect to the presented scenarios. Using a case study on the fair gender income gap in Austria, we discuss how different design elements can be used to increase a vignette experiment’s validity and reliability. With respect to the experimental design, the design elements considered include a confounded factorial design, a between-subjects factor, anchoring vignettes, and blocking by respondent strata and interviewers. The design elements for the sampling and survey design consist of stratification, covariate measurements, and the systematic assignment of vignette sets to respondents and interviewers. Moreover, the vignettes’ construct validity is empirically validated with respect to the real gender income gap in Austria. We demonstrate how a broad range of design elements can successfully increase a vignette study’s validity and reliability.
Covert Assessment of the Family System: Patterns, Pictures and Codes
Authors: Bell Linda G. , Bell David C.
Published: February 2018

Covert measures of the family system can tap concepts and discover patterns of which family members themselves are unaware and can avoid social desirability bias. Covert measures can be particularly useful in cross-cultural research and can avoid many pitfalls of language and translation. Three such measures which have been used cross-culturally are described. The first is a method of measuring triangulation of children by the parents based on patterns of agreement in a true-false questionnaire describing the family. The second is a projective measure in which family members as a group create a picture of their family distinguishing relationships between individuals and boundaries within and around the family. The third is a global coding scheme used to evaluate family processes from taped interaction.
SENSASI COLOR SPLASH DALAM KARYA FOTOGRAFI EKSPRESI
Authors: Syafriyandi Syafriyandi
Published: February 2018

Fotografi ekspresi merupakan ungkapan jiwa yang mengutamakan ekspresi jati diri pribadi seseorang yang akan diekspresikan dalam karya seni murni. Ide penciptaan karya fotografi ini berawal dari problematika yang sering dijumpai dalam karya fotografi yang tidak mampu memberikan kesan ataupun sensasi yang merespon emosional kepada khalayak ramai. Dari sebab itu timbul kegelisahan penulis untuk menciptakan karya fotografi dengan subjek color splash dengan action figure, dengan adanya warna yang diolah kreatif menjadi color splash yaitu sebuah cipratan warna yang membentuk kedinamisan pola yang tidak terduga yang mampu memunculkan sebuah sensasi yang mengunsung suatu nilai yang pada ujungnya mampu memberikan impresi di dalam perasaan yang merespon emosional ataupun daya ganggu yang dapat diintepretasikan oleh khalayak ramai sesuai dengan pengalaman-pengalaman pribadi. Metode dalam penciptaan ini diawali dengan penggalian ide dan konsep yang dilanjutkan dengan setudi referensi dan eksplorasi yang kemudian diakhiri dengan keputusan eksekusi. Dari penciptaan karya ini sesuatu hal yang didapat yaitu pengaruh warna di setiap karya, dengan menghadirkan warna yang diolah kreatif menjadi suatu bentuk yang artistik didalam sebuah karya, dapat mengatasi sebuah karya agar tidak lagi menjadi suatu karya foto yang berhenti menjadi gambar indah saja. Tetapi dengan adanya warna didalam sebuah karya foto akan memberikan sensasi yang dapat merespon emosional penikmat karya. Photographic expression is an expression of the soul that promotes expression of one's personal identity to be expressed in a fine art. The idea of the creation of this photography project started from the problems that are often encountered in photographic work can not afford to give the impression or sensation that responds emotionally to the general public. From hence arises the anxiety authors to create works of photography with the subject color splash with action figures, with their color-treated creatively into color splash is a splash of color that make up the dynamic of a pattern that is not unexpected that is able to bring a sensation mengunsung a value which in the end able to give the impression in the sense that respond to emotional or interrupt power to Interpret the general public in accordance with personal experiences. The method in this creation begins with extracting ideas and concepts followed by the reference of the studies and exploration that later ended with the execution of the decision. From the creation of this work were obtained something that is the influence of color on each work, by presenting creative color processed into a form that is artistic in a work, can cope with a work so it will not be a work of photo stop being a wonderful image only. but with the absence of color in a photo work will give the sensation that can respond to an emotional audience of work.