bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migration policy adjustments to address the regional labor markets demands: institutional and legal aspects
Authors: Yanik Andrey Aleksandrovich , Popova Svetlana Mikhailovna , Karpova Svetlana Fyodorovna , Nesterov Artyom Yurievich
Published: July 2022

The authors aims to analyze the mechanisms used by the Russian federal subjects for affecting the national migration policy based on the regional labor markets' needs. The authors examined the main opportunities of the regions, available to date, for adjusting the decisions of the federal government in the regulating labor migration flows as well as their institutional and legal foundations. The source base of research is an array of strategic planning documents, regulatory legal acts, administrative documents of public authorities of the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Federation for the period of 2000-2022. The authors present a new definition of the concept of "state policy in the labor immigration regulations". Despite the well-known problem of the lack of a clear delineation of the powers and responsibilities of federal and regional public authorities in migration policy, the regions of the Russian Federation have a number of opportunities to participate both in the implementation of state migration policy and in its regulation for answering the demands of regional labor markets. Authors concluded, despite the peculiarities of regional labor markets, the key control parameter of the regional migration policy is the indicator of the level of social tensions on the labor market. In order to meet the key performance indicators established by the federal center, the subjects of the Russian Federation have to manipulate admissions/prohibitions on attracting foreign labor, responding to rapid economic changes. This makes regional migration policy unpredictable and unstable.
Conhecimento de acadêmicos de Enfermagem sobre a violência obstétrica
Authors: Ramos Thais Marquezoni , Tanaka Erika Zambrano , Carmona Elenice Valentim , Sanfelice Clara Fróes de Oliveira
Published: July 2022

Introdução: A violência obstétrica é um fenômeno multifatorial mundial. É caracterizada pelo tratamento desrespeitoso no contexto das instituições de saúde, durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal. Dessa forma, identificar o conhecimento dos futuros profissionais de saúde sobre esse tema é uma maneira de contribuir para o desenho de estratégias de ensino que favoreçam uma formação profissional consciente e comprometida com a prevenção e enfrentamento da violência obstétrica. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento de estudantes de enfermagem sobre Violência Obstétrica. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa, com amostra de 115 acadêmicos de uma universidade pública. Os dados foram coletados com aplicação de instrumento estruturado. As questões foram analisadas utilizando testes estatísticos e modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: Cerca de 99,1% dos estudantes tiveram contato com o tema e 56,3% conhecem alguém que sofreu violência obstétrica. A universidade e as redes sociais foram citadas como as principais fontes de informação. Apenas 10,5% foram capazes de estimar quantas mulheres atualmente sofrem violência obstétrica; 13% conhecem a legislação disponível e 33,04% disseram saber como fazer uma denúncia. Conclusão: Os achados indicam que os acadêmicos possuem conhecimento superficial sobre o tema investigado, ignorando os aspectos epidemiológicos, a legislação vigente no Brasil e os equipamentos disponíveis para a denúncia. Esses resultados justificam a qualificação do ensino sobre violência obstétrica no processo de formação desses futuros profissionais, como estratégia de prevenção e combate à violência obstétrica.
Viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico dorsal em camundongos submetidos à fotobiomodulação e ultrassom terapêutico
Authors: Fontanela Laís Coan , Canever Jaquelini Betta , Aguiar Júnior Aderbal Silva , Barbosa Rafael Inácio , Fonseca Marisa de Cássia Registro , Kuriki Heloyse Uliam , Neves Lais Mara Siqueira das , Marcolino Alexandre Marcio
Published: July 2022

Introdução: O retalho cutâneo é uma técnica cirúrgica amplamente empregada na prática clínica e comumente apresenta complicações pós-operatórias. Portanto, elucidar intervenções que auxiliem na conservação do tecido são fundamentais. A fotobiomodulação (FBM) e o ultrassom terapêutico (UST) são alternativas não invasivas que auxiliam no reparo tecidual, contudo, ainda não há consenso sobre os parâmetros a serem utilizados. Objetivo: Descrever a efetividade dos diferentes parâmetros da FBM e do UST na viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico dorsal em camundongos. Métodos: Utilizou-se 55 camundongos Swiss, distribuídos em onze grupos. Os animais foram submetidos à técnica cirúrgica com a revascularização da área limitada através de uma barreira plástica (poliéster/polietileno) da mesma dimensão do retalho. Aplicou-se a FBM ou UST durante cinco dias consecutivos. O registro fotográfico e termográfico foi realizado com as câmeras Cyber-Shot DSC-P72 e FlirC2, sendo posteriormente analisados nos softwares ImageJ® e FLIR Tools, respectivamente. Na análise estatística, os dados foram submetidos ao software GraphPad Prism® 8.0 e ao teste Shapiro-Wilk para a análise da normalidade. Realizou-se a análise de variância (ANOVA Two-way) e pós-teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os grupos 5 (FBM 830 nm; 10 J/cm²) e 6 (UST 3 MHz; 0,4W/cm²) apresentaram porcentagens de tecido viável significativamente maiores no terceiro e quinto dia do experimento. A temperatura reduziu significativamente no grupo-1 quando comparado aos demais no pós-operatório. Conclusão: O UST contínuo a 3 MHz e FBM 830 nm, foram mais eficazes melhorando a viabilidade a do retalho cutâneo randômico dorsal em camundongos.
Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Mondia whytei Roots and Physalis peruviana Leaves against S. aureus and E. coli
Authors: Onen Patrick , Ogenrwot Denish Adolfo , Galiwango Elidad , Niringiyimana Eric , Baguma Gabson , Byaruhanga Ivan , Mushikoma Daniel
Published: July 2022

Aims: This work investigated the phytochemical constituents and synergistic antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Mondia whytei roots and Physalis peruviana leaves.

Study Design: This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods.

Place and Duration of Study: All research works were performed at the Central Science Laboratories, Faculty of science, Kyambogo University between September 2021 and March 2022.

Methodology: Standard methods were followed for phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts of Mondia whytei roots, and Physalis peruviana leaves. The potential synergistic antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts were evaluated through agar well diffusion assay. The bacteria strains were cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar. Sterile cork borer (6 mm diameter) was used to create the wells on petri discs and filled aseptically with 10 µl of the test extract (100 mg/ml) and Chloramphenicol (0.5 mg/ml) was used as the positive control. The interaction between the extracts and the combined extract was assessed by determining their fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index.

Results: Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols were found to be present in both extracts. Cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, anthraquinnones and steroids were present only in ethanolic extract of Physalis peruviana leaves. The antibacterial activities of Mondia whytei roots extract, Physalis peruviana leaves extract and combined extract were obtained with the following zone of inhibitions; 19.20 ± 0.72 mm, 19.77 ± 0.60 mm, 25.93 ± 0.83 mm for S. aureus and 15.50 ± 0.46 mm, 15.00 ± 0.26 mm, 17.87 ± 0.61 mm for E.coli respectively, as compared with the standard reference antibiotic with zone of inhibitions; 26.00 ± 0.00 mm for S. aureus and 24.00 ± 0.00 mm E. coli. The MICs were determined at 0.1-100 mg/ml, and the FIC index were obtained from the evaluated MIC values with the corresponding values of 0.5 (synergistic) for S. aureus and 1.0 (additive) for E. coli.

Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study support the traditional claims of using the selected plants to treat bacterial infections. The extracts had low antibacterial activities on the selected human pathogens, Hence, if these extracts are used in unison, greater efficacy could be achieved; further studies should be done using combined extracts combined with commercial antibiotics.
A Study on Relationship between Employee Turnover Intention and Perceived Organisational Support
Authors: Prasanna J. Harish , Hemalatha S. , Deepa N. , Rani S. Padma
Published: July 2022

Employee retention describes the various measures undertaken by firms for retention of their employees. Hypermarkets are large retail space that offers broad range of daily necessities and groceries where the study was carried out. The employee retention at the hypermarket in Coimbatore city was examined using percentage analyses, correlation, and Garrett ranking for a period of 3 months. Based on the percentage analysis, it is found that majority of the employees were female and received an average monthly salary range of Rs. 5000-15000. Turnover intention scale and Perceived Organizational Support Scale (POS-8) were used in the correlation analysis. It specified that turn over intention is inversely proportional to perceived organization support. According to Garrett ranking, a competitive wage package (61.56%) was the main factor driving employee retention. A plan for employee retention, such as offering bonuses, organisational support and extra reward packages, can significantly reduce the intention of turnover.
Women’s Behaviour and Standard of Living before and after Joining the SHGs in Satna District of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Karchuli Amit Singh , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Vikas , Tripathi Devendra Mani
Published: July 2022

The study pertains to the study of impact of SHGs on women’s Behaviour and standard of living before and after joining the SHGs in Satna District of Madhya Pradesh reveals that Women always remained in backstage because of their passive involvement in decision making. In rural areas women can’t get as much as freedom as compared to men, they are always suppressed and men are always dominant. But, after the introduction of SHGs rural women are involving in it. being an effective medium for community involvement in developmental activities, can be a powerful tool for alleviating rural poverty through the empowerment of women, by freeing themselves from the clutches of usurious moneylenders. Due to the existing patriarchal norms, they have excluded from the decision- making the process even at their households. Self-help groups brought a whole new platform for women empowerment. It covered almost all aspects of empowerment (social, political, economic). Self-help group improved the qualitative and quantitative participation of women in decision making. This study will help to know the real impact of SHGs and grassroots level development is needed to make our women empowered.
Preliminary Evaluation of Anti-trypanosome Impact of Methanol, Alkaloid and Flavonoid Extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius in T. Brucei Infected Mice
Authors: Simon Etim, Idorenyin , Nicholas Ugwu, Tochukwu , Ogochukwu Ukachukwu, Chidinma , Uchechukwu Aroh, Kenechukwu
Published: July 2022

The menace of ravaging infection of trypanosomiases in Africa is of concern in view of the parasites resistance to drug coupled with the cost and extended treatment practice with adverse effect. The prospect of exploiting medicinal plants as alternative in treating illnesses is heightened. This study evaluated the anti-trypanosome activities of the methanol, alkaloid and flavonoid extracts of sarocephalus latifolius leaves. Acute toxicity of the extracts was obtained using the Lorke’s method. In vitro and in vivo analysis of the test plant leaves was determined using different concentrations. The in vitro anti-trypanosome effect of the crude methanol, alkaloid and flavonoid extracts of Sarocephalus latifolius leaf showed that the activity was determined based on dosage with more influence at 4 mg/mL in relation to 0.4 and 0.04 mg/ml. There is significant different (p<0.05) between mice treated with extract and the reference drug. The acute toxicity test was safe as no mortality was recorded at 5000mg/kg of bodyweight of mice. However, in vivo Anti-trypanosome activity of the crude extract at 250 and 500mg/kg bodyweight exposed a trend of increase in the parasite level which was observed when compared with standard control. But, elongation of life in mice was observed. Methanol treatment of mice lasted for about nine (9) days before mortality occurred while, that of alkaloid and flavonoid lasted for about five (5) days respectively subsequent to mortality. Consequently, the in vivo anti-trypanosome activity of methanol, alkaloid and flavonoid extracts did not eradicate the parasite in the blood of the poisoned mice but, appear to have prolonged the life of the treated animal when compared with the infected untreated group. Therefore, methanol extract of Sarocephalus latifolius leaf having the most influence on mice has illustrated more potential in anti-trypanosome activity which can be utilize in controlling African trypanosomiasis.
Response of Phaius tankervilleae Bl. to Various Nutrient Concentration Levels
Authors: Saikia Priyakshi , Talukdar Madhumita Choudhury , Kalita Prakash , Borah Nilay , Taropi Kamir
Published: July 2022

To ensure the healthy growth and development of vegetative and reproductive tissues, all plants must obtain a specific amount of inorganic mineral elements from their surroundings.One of the most crucial elements that regulates the growth and development of floral crops is the availability of mineral nutrients in sufficient quantities. The current study was carried out at the Assam Agricultural University's Horticulture Experimental Farm in Jorhat, Assam, during the 2020–2021 academic year utilising a completely randomised design with seven different treatment combinations and three replications. The findings showed that mineral nutrients had a substantial impact on all growth features. The treatment T5 (RDF+ Ca 500 ppm) was the most effective in boosting all growth characteristics, including plant height (56.27 cm) ,leaf count (12.33, leaf length (53.07cm), leaf width (9.67cm), leaf area (469.23cm2), stem diameter (7.07cm), and number of pseudobulbs (2.80).T2 (RDF+ Zn 750ppm) exhibited the shortest days for inflorescence visibility (50.87), bud development (142.80), days to half bloom (146.30), and days to full bloom (148.77), as well as the greatest value for spike length (66.73cm), floret diameter (9.67cm), stalk girth (3.67cm), number of florets per spike (12.93), number of spikes per plant (2. (22.80g). For Physiological characters, treatment T2 (RDF+Zn(750ppm) was best for increasing total chlorophyll content (1.55 mg g-1 fw,), stomatal number (37.13), and stomatal size (5.80 \(\mu\) m2).
Effect of Seed Inoculation and Seaweed Extract on Growth and Yield of Baby-corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Raviteja Bezawada , Dawson Joy
Published: July 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), India. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), organic carbon (0.69%), available N (271.81 kg/ha), available P (30.19 kg/ha), and available K (331 kg/ha). The treatments comprised of seed inoculation of bio-fertilizer and foliar application of Seaweed Extract Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. sap). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice for 60 days. The results showed that viz: Plant height (167.50 cm), plant dry weight (116.69 g/plant) were recorded significantly higher in Azotobacter Seed Inoculation along with 15% K.sap spray. Number of cobs per plant (1.38), cob length with husk (21.40 cm), cob length without husk (8.36 cm), cob girth with husk (8.45 cm), cob girth without husk (5.83 cm), cob weight with husk (68.09 g), cob weight without husk (25.53 g), cob yield with husk (16.20 t/ha), cob yield without husk (5.68 t/ha), green fodder yield (31.05 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher. Thus, biofertilizer with foliar application of Seaweed Extract (K. sap) could be a promising option for yield enhancement in baby-corn.
Repercussion of Seed Treatment with Bio-fertilizers, Bio-stimulants, Botanicals on Plant Growth & Yield Attributes Traits of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra L.)
Authors: Devi T. Uma , M. Bara Bineeta , Reddy K. Sitarami
Published: July 2022

The present experiment was conducted in field at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding. Naini Agriculture Institute, SHUATS, UP. to investigate the " Repercussion of seed treatment with bio-fertilizers ,bio- stimulants , botanicals on plant growth & yield attributes traits of black mustard (Brassica nigra L). The experimental material comprised of Thirteen (12+1) treatments including control. The seed of mustard variety NDR 8501 were treated with three different concentrations of each biofertilizer viz., Neem leaf extract, Tulasi leaf extract, Rhizobium,Vermiwash for a duration of 8hours. The experimental was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications during the rabi season, 2021-22. The data were recorded from five randomly selected plants for each treatments in all the replications for thirteen characters. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the seed treatments for all characters indicating that the seed treatment with biofertilizers has adequate variability to support the improvement the seed yield of mustard. It is concluded that all the characters under study were significantly affected by the influence of the application of biofertilizers. Among all the biofertilizers used under the study, seed treatment with the application of vermiwash at 15% for a duration of 8 hours gave the significant difference in comparision to other treatments as well as over the control.
Efficacy and Economics of Certain Insecticides and Neem oil against Tomato Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on Tomato
Authors: Nagaveni Chinnakotla , Kumar Ashwani
Published: July 2022

A field trail was carried out at P. Kothapalli village in Ananthpur District, Andhra Pradesh, India, in Randomised Block Design, each replicated thrice during the kharif season of 2021. Two applications were used against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and the results revealed that the highest incremental per cent reduction of larvae was recorded in the plot treated with T6 Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (48.47) which was at par with T4 Spinosad 45%SC (42.24), T2 Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (33.7), T3 Chlorantranilprole 18.5%SC (33.17), T1 Flubendamide 480 %SC (30.89), T7 Fipronil 5%SC (29.42) and T5 Neem oil 4% (25.06) is found to be least affective than all other treatments. Cost benefit ratio were found highest in Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (1:12.6), followed by Spinosad (1:11.7), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (1:9.85), Chlorantranilprole 18.5%SC (1:9.82) Flubendiamide 480 SC (1:8.7), Fipronil 5% SC (1:6.7), Neem oil 4℅ EC (1:7.9) as compared to control T0 (1:5.06).
Zinc Nutrition for Improving the Growth and Yield of Barnyard Millet (Echinochola frumantacea L.)
Authors: Gajalakshmi R. , Chitdeshwari T. , Maragatham S. , Ravikesavan R.
Published: July 2022

Aims: To evaluate the effect of various levels and methods of zinc fertilization in improving the growth and yield of barnyard millet at different growth stages.

Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Pasur village, Coimbatore district from January to April, 2022.

Methodology: A field experiment was conducted with barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea L.) var. MDU 1 by using different levels of ZnSO4 at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg ha-1 as basal soil application and foliar spraying of 0.25, 0.50 & 0.75% twice along with soil test based NPK as control in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The growth and yield parameters such as plant height, SPAD index, root length, lateral root length, root volume, no. of tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, 1000 grain weight, grain and straw yield were recorded as per standard protocols.

Results: Application of soil test based NPK + 20 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 performed better in increasing the plant height (157.0 cm), SPAD index (46.3), root length (21.1 cm), lateral root length (16.3 cm), root volume (3.80 cc) and yield attributes like number of tillers (5.06), panicle length (17.6 cm), panicle weight (29.2 g) and 1000 seed weight (3.89g) of barnyard millet. Higher grain (2606 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3411 kg ha-1) was also registered with the addition of soil test based NPK+20 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 which was 27.1% increase over NPK.

Conclusion: Basal soil application of soil test based NPK + 20 kg ZnSO4 ha‑1 was found optimal and economical for improving the growth and yield of barnyard millet variety MDU 1.
On Moment Convergence Result for Properly Normalized Delayed Sums
Authors: Vidyalaxmi Kokkada , Divanji Gooty
Published: July 2022

Let  \(\left\{X_{n}, n \geq 1\right\}\)  be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random  variables with a common distribution function F. Let  \((S_{n})\) be the partial sum sequence. Set  \(T_{n}=S_{n+a_{n}}-S_{n}=\sum_{k=n+1}^{n+a_{n}} X_{k}\) The sum  (T_{n}\) is called a (forward) delayed sum. The present work aims to obtain a moment convergence result for the delayed sums when the random variables are in the domain of normal attraction of a stable law with an index  \(\alpha ,1, < \alpha < 2 \).  This result plays a vital role in studying a local limit theorem.
Cardiac Electrical Changes during Co-administration of Artemether-lumefantrine and Atazanavir/Ritonavir in HIV-infected Nigerian Adults
Authors: Olalekan Kareem Lookman , A. Adedapo Aduragbenro A. D. , Adeola Kareem Rafiat , O. Falade Catherine
Published: July 2022

Background: Malaria and HIV infections are both major public health problems in Africa with significant morbidity and mortality. Atazanavir and artemether-lumefantrine are used in the treatment of HIV and Malaria respectively which are co-administered when there is co-infection with both diseases. Both drugs are known to independently cause cardiac electrical abnormalities. In addition, atazanavir inhibits CYP3A4 which is the enzyme that metabolizes lumefantrine with the potential for increased cardiac electrical abnormalities. We, therefore, assessed the cardiac electrical activities during the co-administration of atazanavir and artemether-lumefantrine.

Method: Forty-one consecutive HIV-infected adults attending the Anti-retroviral therapy clinic in a Nigeria General hospital were enrolled on the study using the convenience sampling technique. Study participants had electrocardiographic tracings done before (day 0) and after treatment with artemether/lumefantrine (days 3 and 7).

Result: There was an increase in the mean heart rate from day 1 through day 7 but the mean heart rates were within normal limits. In contrast, there was a progressive decline in the mean PR interval from day 0 through day 7 which was not statistically significant. There was also a significant increase in corrected QT interval (QTc) between day 0 and day 3 and day 0 and day 7. Though the value of the mean QTc on day 3 (414.83±34.88ms) and day 7 (411.41 ± 22.63ms) remained within the normal limit, 5% (2) of the participant had prolonged QTc.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that there may be potential drug-drug interaction resulting from the co-administration of atazanavir based antiretroviral drug and artemether-lumefantrine especially in the prolongation of QTc interval.
Teachers’ Inadequate Support in the Implementation of Inclusive Education in the Johannesburg East District, Gauteng Province
Authors: Mdikana Andile Alfred
Published: July 2022

Little is known about the inadequate teacher support towards inclusive education in South Africa. This study was aimed at exploring the inadequacy of support regarding the implementation of inclusive education in the Johannesburg East District, Gauteng province. The ecological theory of Bronfenbrenner was used as a theoretical lens for this study. Face-to-face individual interviews were carried out, whereby 15 teachers were interviewed. This study used a phenomenology design, underpinned within a interpretive paradigm, to gain insight on the inadequacy of support regarding the implementation of inclusive education. The data was inductively analysed using the thematic analytic methods that search for themes. The study used convenient and purposive sampling as initial plan to select teachers that a researcher can easily access. Non-probability sampling was used as sampling technique; thus, the sampling was unable to give all individuals in the population an equal chance of being selected. This study revealed that inadequate teacher support was prevalent in the district where this study was conducted. Teachers in this study mentioned that they struggled to implement inclusive education in schools, owing to insufficient support given to them Teachers need to be empowered through continuous development platforms such as training and provided with guiding manuals. In addition, structures should be made accessible to accommodate all learners and resources and supports should be made available for use in the inclusive schools. This study would contribute significantly in the understanding of the inadequate support provision provided to teachers in the implementation of inclusive education.
Toxicity of Herbicide, Paraquat Dichloride and Insecticide, Lambda-cyhalothrin on Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, Pantoa dispersa in Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: Renner Nrior, Renner , Ibietela Douglas, Salome , Gote Igoni, Yirabari
Published: July 2022

Aim: The study was aimed to determine the toxicity of paraquat dichloride and lambda-cyhalothrin on phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Pantoa dispersa in aquatic ecosystems.

Study Design: This study employs randomized block design, statistical analysis of the data and interpretation.

Place and Duration of the Study: Soil sample was collected from the root nodules of leguminous plants in a sterile polythene bag from the Elele, in Etche L.G.A, Rivers State. The fresh water sample was collected from Bane town in Khana L.G.A, brackish water sample was collected from Choba river in Obio/Akpor L.G.A while the marine water was collected from Bonny River of Bonny L.G.A., all of Rivers State, Nigeria. The samples were collected aseptically and transported in an ice-pack immediately to the Rivers State University, Microbiology laboratory for analysis. The study lasted for three months.

Methodology: The bacterium, Pantoa dispersa was isolated and identified based on conventional and molecular characterization from water and soil samples. Different concentrations (3.13%, 6.25, 12.50, 25.00%, 50.00% and 75.00%) and the control (0%) of the herbicide (paraquat dichloride) and insecticide, Lambda-cyhalothrin were prepared using fresh, brackish and marine water samples and 10ml of the test organism, Pantoa dispersa was introduced and the survival count was determined at 0, 4hr, 8hr, 12hr and 24hr. The Mean Lethal Concentration (LC50) of the insecticide and herbicide on Pantoa dispersa in the three aquatic ecosystem was determined.

Results: The LC50 of the herbicide (Paraquat dichloride) was recorded as 15.8% in brackish water, 17.37% in fresh water and 27.44% in marine water. While the LC50 of the insecticide, Lambda-cyhalothrin to Pantoa dispersa was 26.84% in fresh water, 27.26% in brackish water and 32.33% in marine water.

Conclusion: From the study, the herbicide, Paraquat dichloride was more toxic in the three aquatic ecosystems compared to the insecticide, Lambda-cyhalothrin. The use of these agrochemicals should be monitored as they result in the mortality of beneficial soil bacteria like Pantoa dispersa which is phosphate solubilizing bacteria in aquatic ecosystems.
O triângulo das Tobosi uma figura ritual no Benim, Maranhão e Bahia
Authors: Parés Luis Nicolau
Published: July 2022

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Active space control of underactuated robots: From adaptation to robustness to optimality
Authors: Azimi Vahid , Farzan Siavash , Ames Aaron D. , Vela Patricio A. , Hutchinson Seth
Published: July 2022

This article develops a controller for the active space control of underactuated robotic systems with the ability to adapt to unknown parameters, be robust to unmodeled dynamics and disturbances, and generate optimal control policies in a pointwise fashion. To achieve the set forth objectives, the model dynamics are first partitioned into active and passive spaces. As a remedy for nonlinear coupling between these spaces, the system's acceleration is estimated for use in the control algorithm. The modeling uncertainty associated with both unknown system parameters and unknown control map is then estimated by proposing a concurrent learning adaptive approach. An online quadratic program (QP) is synthesized utilizing an intelligent robust control Lyapunov function (IRCLF) constraint to ensure the system stability with minimal control effort while using the estimates of the unknown dynamics. The proposed IRCLF scheme automatically compensate for acceleration estimation errors, unmodeled dynamics, and disturbances without the knowledge of their bounds a priori. The uniform ultimate boundedness of all system signals is proven using the Lyapunov stability argument and Barbalat's lemma. The performance of the proposed QP‐AIR‐CLF control framework is validated on two different underactuated systems: a foot‐leg model on a deformable ground, and an overhead crane system. Simulation results show the benefits of the proposed controller over the baseline QP‐RCLF and an adaptive QP‐RCLF in terms of the control optimality, tracking accuracy, dynamic estimation performance, and robustness to disturbances.
3D Printed Tubular Scaffolds with Massively Tailorable Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Pickering Edmund , Paxton Naomi C. , Bo Arixin , O’Connell Bridget , King Mitchell , Woodruff Maria A
Published: July 2022

Melt electrowriting (MEW) is a promising additive manufacturing technique for tissue scaffold biofabrication. Successful application of MEW scaffolds requires strictly controlled mechanical behavior. This requires scaffold geometry be optimized to match native tissue properties while simultaneously supporting cell attachment and proliferation. The objective of this work is to investigate how geometric properties can be exploited to massively tailor the mechanical behavior of tubular crosshatch scaffolds. An experimentally validated finite element (FE) model is developed and 441 scaffold geometries are investigated under tension, compression, bending, and radial loading. A range of pore areas (4–150 mm2) and pore angles (11°–134°) are investigated. It is found that scaffold mechanical behavior is massively tunable through the control of these simple geometric parameters. Across the ranges investigated, scaffold stiffness varies by a factor of 294× for tension, 204× for compression, 231× for bending, and 124× for radial loading. Further, it is discussed how these geometric parameters can be simultaneously tuned for different biomimetic material applications. This work provides critical insights into scaffold design to achieve biomimetic mechanical behavior and provides an important tool in the development of biomimetic tissue engineered constructs.
Efficient Solution‐Processed Red Fluorescent OLEDs Using Diluted Exciplex Host to Reduce Non‐Radiative Loss of Triplet Excitons
Authors: Wang Qian , Chen Liang , Yang Qingqing , Xu Yushuai , Wang Hailong , Xie Zhiyuan
Published: July 2022

High‐performance red fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are fabricated via a diluted exciplex host strategy to suppress non‐radiative triplet exciton loss in the exciplex sensitized fluorescent emitter system. The solution‐processed red fluorescent OLEDs based on the diluted TCTA:PO‐T2T exciplex host demonstrate higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) than the theoretical 5% limit for traditional fluorescent OLEDs. In the TCTA:PO‐T2T exciplex sensitized fluorescent emitter system, the excess content of TCTA is employed relative to PO‐T2T to manipulate the decay process of triplet excitons. A part of TCTA adjacent to PO‐T2T involves forming the exciplex pair that efficiently converts triplet excitons to singlet excitons via reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), while the other TCTA donors act as the host for the exciplex sensitizer and fluorescent emitter, which inhibits both concentration quenching of the exciplex sensitizer and short‐range dexter energy transfer from the exciplex sensitizer to the fluorescent emitter DCJTB without affecting ISC, RISC, and long‐range Föster energy transfer rate significantly. With this strategy, the formed triplet excitons can be converted to singlet excitons with reduced loss contributing to efficient fluorescent emission under electric excitation. The solution‐processed red fluorescent OLEDs achieve an EQE of 8.1%, much higher than 3.5% of the conventional exciplex sensitized OLEDs.
Selective Hydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde on SiO2‐Supported Pt Clusters: A DFT Study
Authors: Song Yang , Hu Chaoquan , Li Chang , Ma Meng
Published: July 2022

The selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde has gained considerable attention owing to its industrial applications for producing fine chemicals. Understanding the hydrogenation mechanism from density functional theory (DFT) calculations can provide insights for designing catalysts with high selectivities toward the target products. Among contemporary theoretical investigations of the hydrogenation, the calculated selectivities are not in agreement with the experimental results. Herein, a SiO2‐supported Pt nanocluster is developed, and it is used to investigate the selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. The nanocluster model is used to obtain free energy barriers from DFT calculations, and these are used to build a microkinetic model. The theoretical selectivity values for the products are in agreement with the experimental results. According to the density of state analysis, this is directly attributed to the more accurate d‐band width from the Pt cluster. The contribution of each step to the final product is identified and can be used to intensify the process of generating the target product.
Nanodiamond–Quantum Sensors Reveal Temperature Variation Associated to Hippocampal Neurons Firing
Authors: Petrini Giulia , Tomagra Giulia , Bernardi Ettore , Moreva Ekaterina , Traina Paolo , Marcantoni Andrea , Picollo Federico , Kvaková Klaudia , Cígler Petr , Degiovanni Ivo Pietro , Carabelli Valentina , Genovese Marco
Published: July 2022

Temperature is one of the most relevant parameters for the regulation of intracellular processes. Measuring localized subcellular temperature gradients is fundamental for a deeper understanding of cell function, such as the genesis of action potentials, and cell metabolism. Notwithstanding several proposed techniques, at the moment detection of temperature fluctuations at the subcellular level still represents an ongoing challenge. Here, for the first time, temperature variations (1 °C) associated with potentiation and inhibition of neuronal firing is detected, by exploiting a nanoscale thermometer based on optically detected magnetic resonance in nanodiamonds. The results demonstrate that nitrogen‐vacancy centers in nanodiamonds provide a tool for assessing various levels of neuronal spiking activity, since they are suitable for monitoring different temperature variations, respectively, associated with the spontaneous firing of hippocampal neurons, the disinhibition of GABAergic transmission and the silencing of the network. Conjugated with the high sensitivity of this technique (in perspective sensitive to < 0.1 °C variations), nanodiamonds pave the way to a systematic study of the generation of localized temperature gradients under physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, they prompt further studies explaining in detail the physiological mechanism originating this effect.
Persona of Transition Metal Ions in Solids: A Statistical Learning on Local Structures of Transition Metal Oxides
Authors: Jia Huaxian , Horton Matthew , Wang Yanan , Zhang Shengjie , Persson Kristin A. , Meng Sheng , Liu Miao
Published: July 2022

The local structure of a transition metal (TM) ion is a function of cation elements and valence states. More than that, in this work, by employing a trove of first‐principles data of TM oxides, the local structures of TM cations are statistically analyzed to extract detailed information about cation site preference, bond length, site structural distortion, and cation magnetization. It is found that cation radius alone poorly describes the local structure of a transition metal oxide, while the statistics of coordination number as well as the TMO bond length distribution, especially that of the 3d TMs, can provide comprehensive knowledge for understanding the behavior of TM elements. Based on these statistics, the interplay of site distortion due to the Jahn–Teller effect, cation site similarity, and a new set of ionic radii are all obtained to chart the “persona” of transition metal ions in solids.
Combined Tactics for Elevating the Thermoelectric Performance of CaMg2Sb2‐Based p‐type Materials
Authors: Shi Xin , Deng Liangzi , Liang Zhongxin , Song Shaowei , Xu Congcong , Wang Dezhi , Chu Ching‐Wu , Singh David J. , Ren Zhifeng
Published: July 2022

p‐type CaMg2Sb2 has not been favorably considered a promising thermoelectric material in comparison to other Zintl phases. However, a series of meticulously designed tactics is successfully implemented here to analyze and improve the thermoelectric performance of a CaMg2Sb2‐based material. Band structure calculations show that the pristine CaMg2Sb2 has a wide indirect band gap of ≈1.11 eV, which results in its less optimal carrier concentration. To improve its consequently inferior thermoelectric performance, Na doping is first deployed to increase the carrier concentration to an optimal level. Subsequently, the ideal bandwidth and enhanced carrier mobility are simultaneously obtained through Zn alloying. Finally, partial Yb substitution for Ca effectively restrains the bipolar effect in this CaMg2Sb2‐based material and augments its power factor while suppressing its lattice thermal conductivity to a minimum. As a result, a 20‐fold‐higher peak figure of merit (zT) of ≈0.85 at 773 K and an average zT value of ≈0.50 from 298 to 773 K are achieved in Ca0.69Yb0.3Na0.01Mg1.1Zn0.9Sb2, the highest for both values among all [Ca,Mg,Eu,Yb]Mg2Sb2‐based materials reported to date. Furthermore, such a combination of rationally designed tactics as proposed here may assist in exploring the improvement of other thermoelectric materials that have long been overlooked.
A Nonaqueous Mg‐CO2 Battery with Low Overpotential
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Sui Xin , Cai Changkun , Huang He , Xu Rui , Geng Dongsheng , Chen Mingyang , Lu Jun
Published: July 2022

Mg‐CO2 batteries, which exploit the greenhouse gas CO2 as cathode active species, are an appealing next‐generation battery candidate due to their high efficiency energy storage and value‐added CO2 utilization. However, compared with other metal‐CO2 systems, few aprotic Mg‐CO2 batteries have been reported so far as a result of several crucial problems including the comparatively slow redox reaction kinetics, a large decomposition energy barrier of the reduction products, and poor reversibility in their multi‐electron three‐phase cathodic reactions in nonaqueous environments. Herein, a rechargeable Mg‐CO2 battery is developed by using a Mo2C‐CNTs catalytic cathode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a magnesium metal anode. The Mo2C‐CNTs catalytic cathode can greatly reduce the charge overpotential of the Mg‐CO2 battery through tuning the CO2 reduction pathways. The results of a variety of ex situ and in situ experiments as well as theoretical calculations show the Mo2C catalyst not only induces surface molecular adsorption for faster reaction kinetics but also improves the selectivity toward MgC2O4 in the CO2 reduction process for a higher Faraday efficiency. An exceptional low voltage hysteresis is achieved for the Mg‐CO2 battery. This work demonstrates a promising strategic option for rechargeable nonaqueous Mg‐CO2 batteries for simultaneously addressing energy and environmental issues.
The best moment to carry out the selective harvest of coffee fruits
Authors: Godinho João de Deus , Costa Souza Jarlyson Brunno , Silva Rouverson Pereira , Tavares Tiago de Oliveira , da Costa Watus Cleigson Alves , de Oliveira Bruno Rocca , Luns Hatum de Almeida Samira
Published: July 2022

Selective mechanized coffee (Coffea arabica L.) harvesting is strategic for producers to add greater quality and value to their production. However, the success of this operation is linked to the strength needed to detach the fruit from the coffee tree. The objective of this work was to evaluate the detachment force of coffee fruits according to the period of the day (TT), as well as the relation between the stages of maturation and exposure to sunlight. The experiment was carried out in a coffee plantation Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 (in the municipality of Presidente Olegário, Minas Gerais, Brazil) during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 harvests. A completely randomized design was used in a time‐sub‐subdivided plot scheme. The main plot (sun exposure), subplots (fruit maturation stages [TSs]), and sub‐subplot (days). The detachment force of the fruits was evaluated using a portable digital dynamometer, with 36 repetitions. Data variance analysis was performed and, when necessary, Tukey's test was applied, both at .05 probability. The force required to remove the fruits from the coffee tree was influenced by the TS, the TT, and the plants' face of sun exposure. It is concluded that the TT and the face of sun exposure influence the detachment strength of the coffee fruits and that considering the detachment strength of the green and ripe fruits, all periods evaluated favor the realization of selective mechanized harvesting of coffee.
Which separation scenarios are advantageous for membranes or distillations?
Authors: Chavez Velasco Jose Adrian , Tawarmalani Mohit , Agrawal Rakesh
Published: July 2022

We systematically analyze power requirements of membrane and distillation processes for binary mixtures where the desired product component is more permeable and also more volatile. We first derive a shortcut method to compare the efficiency of heat pump and steam‐driven distillations. Then, power requirements of heat pump distillation and membrane separation are discussed. Distillation generally requires lower power when either high component recoveries are needed (at all tested product purities), or high purity product streams with modest recoveries are needed. For high purity products at modest recoveries, membranes have a potential to provide energy benefits for highly enriched feeds, especially those composed of close boiling components. Additionally, when feed concentration is moderate to high and product recovery and purity are modest, membranes are likely to show efficiency gain. For the advantageous distillation scenarios studied, the power was generally lower than the membranes by a factor of two to seven.
Continuous synthesis of atomically dispersed Rh supported on MgAl2O4 using two‐stage microreactor
Authors: Xue Qiangqiang , Yan Binhang , Wang Yujun , Luo Guangsheng
Published: July 2022

Single‐atom catalysts with optimal atom utilization and outstanding activity have penetrated the frontier of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the large‐scale synthesis of this class of catalysts is still a bottleneck for their industrialization. Herein, we suggest a two‐stage micro‐dispersion approach to synthesize mesoporous MgAl2O4‐supported atomically dispersed Rh, which is more competitive than the batch method for boosting the uniform dispersion of Rh. By increasing the Rh loading, single‐atom catalysts (SACs, <0.05 wt%), single‐atom catalysts + nanoparticle catalysts (0.05–0.17 wt%), and nanoparticle catalyst (NPCs, 0.17–1.10 wt%) were obtained. For n‐octane steam reforming, the turnover frequency of the 0.01‐Rh‐MgAl2O4 was approximately 30 times that of the 1.10‐Rh‐MgAl2O4, while the Rh amount of the 0.01‐Rh‐MgAl2O4 was only 3% that of the 1.10‐Rh‐MgAl2O4 for the same fuel conversion. Under a high‐temperature (750°C) steam atmosphere for 15 h, the hydrogen formation rate only declined from 25.1 to 23.8 mol/mol‐C8H18.
Ludvig Dahl's psychiatric genetic studies in his 1859 monograph: “Contribution to the knowledge of insanity in Norway”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Czajkowski Nikolai , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted
Published: July 2022

In 1859, Ludvig Dahl, a Norwegian alienist, wrote a rarely referenced book entitled “Contribution to The Knowledge of Insanity.” In it, he describes a highly innovative psychiatric genetics research project with severable notable features. First, while the vast majority of 19th century psychiatric genetic studies were based on asylum hospital records, Dahl did field work to find cases of mental illness in certain defined areas within Norway, using census data, key‐informants, record reviews, and personal interviews especially of suspected affected individuals. Second, for the first time in the history of psychiatric genetics, and perhaps more broadly in medical genetics, Dahl studied and graphed extensive pedigrees covering up to seven generations demonstrating a high density of psychiatric illness. Third, he proposed and conducted the first controlled investigation of familial aggregation of insanity. A 126 member 5‐generation pedigree that he studied contained 8 individuals with confirmed insanity compared to 16 cases in the remaining 2,974 individuals in the Parish, a relative risk of nearly 12. Dahl also noted the co‐segregation within pedigrees of mental handicap, deaf‐mutism, and insanity. He evaluated familial‐environmental sources of familial aggregation and noted, among nonpsychotic family members in his pedigrees, personalities that might reflect a “disposition” to insanity.
Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of a Cyapho(dicyano)methanide Salt
Authors: Hu Chenyang , Goicoechea Jose M.
Published: July 2022

We describe the synthesis of a cyapho(dicyano)methanide salt, [K(18‐crown‐6)][C(CN)2(CP)], from reaction of [Na(18‐crown‐6)][PH2] (18‐crown‐6=1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane) with 1,1‐diethoxy‐2,2‐dicyanoethylene (EtO)2C=C(CN)2. The reaction proceeds through a Michael addition‐elimination pathway to afford [Na(18‐crown‐6)][HP{C(OEt)=C(CN)2}]. Addition of a strong, non‐nucleophilic base (KHMDS) to this intermediate results in the formation of [K(18‐crown‐6)][C(CN)2(CP)]. Subsequent reactivity studies reveal that the cyapho(dicyano)methanide ion is susceptible to protonation with strong acids to afford the parent acid HC(CN)2(CP). The reactivity of the cyaphide moiety in [C(CN)2(CP)]−was explored through coordination to metal centers and in cycloaddition reactions with azides.