bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of Kato Katz Technique and Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen Rapid Test in Diagnosing Schistosoma mansoni Infection in HIV-1 Co-Infected Adults on the Shoreline of Lake Victoria, Tanzania
Authors: Mazigo Humphrey D. , Heukelbach Jorg
Published: May 2018

Background: The diagnostic performance of the Kato Katz (KK) technique and the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in detecting S. mansoni infection in the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection has remained inconclusive. The present cross-sectional survey compared the diagnostic performance of the KK technique and the POC-CCA test in diagnosing S. mansoni infection in an adult population co-infected with HIV-1 in northwestern Tanzania. Methods: Single urine and stool samples from 979 adults were screened for S. mansoni infection using both the KK technique and POC-CCA tests. To compare the performance of the two diagnostic tests a combined artificial gold standard was created, based on either an egg-positive KK technique or a POC-CCA-positive test. Results: Based on the KK technique, the prevalence of S. mansoni was 47.3% (463/979, 95% CI: 44.2–50.4), as compared to 60.5% by the POC-CCA test (592/979; 95% CI: 57.4–63.5). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the POC-CCA test were 92.5% (95% CI: 89.4–94.9) and 73.3% (95% CI: 69.6–76.8), respectively. In the HIV-1 seropositive group, the sensitivity and specificity of the POC-CCA test were 78.1% (95% CI: 60.0–90.7) and 45.9% (95% CI: 35.8–56.3). Using a combined gold standard, the sensitivity of the POC-CCA test increased to >90% in both subgroups whereas that of the KK technique in the HIV-1 seropositive group was low (49.5%; 95% CI: 39.6–59.5). Conclusion: In the presence of HIV-1 co-infection, the KK technique attained a very low sensitivity. The POC-CCA test offers the best option for the rapid screening of S. mansoni infection in communities with a high prevalence of HIV-1 infection.
Histone Modulation Blocks Treg-Induced Foxp3 Binding to the IL-2 Promoter of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells from Feline Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Cats
Authors: Nag Mukta , Wang Yan , De Paris Kristina , E. Fogle Jonathan
Published: May 2018

CD8+ T cells are critical for controlling HIV infection. During the chronic phase of lentiviral infection, CD8+ T cells lose their proliferative capacity and exhibit impaired antiviral function. This loss of CD8+ T cell function is due, in part, to CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cell-mediated suppression. Our research group has demonstrated that lentivirus-activated CD4+CD25+ Treg cells induce the repressive transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) in autologous CD8+ T cells following co-culture. We have recently reported that Treg-induced Foxp3 binds the interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN- γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promoters in virus-specific CD8+ T cells. These data suggest an important role of Foxp3-mediated CD8+ T cell dysfunction in lentiviral infection. To elucidate the mechanism of this suppression, we previously reported that decreased methylation facilitates Foxp3 binding in mitogen-activated CD8+ T cells from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats. We demonstrated the reduced binding of Foxp3 to the IL-2 promoter by increasing methylation of CD8+ T cells. In the studies presented here, we ask if another form of epigenetic modulation might alleviate Foxp3-mediated suppression in CD8+ T cells. We hypothesized that decreasing histone acetylation in virus-specific CD8+ T cells would decrease Treg-induced Foxp3 binding to the IL-2 promoter. Indeed, using anacardic acid (AA), a known histone acetyl transferase (HAT) inhibitor, we demonstrate a reduction in Foxp3 binding to the IL-2 promoter in virus-specific CD8+ T cells co-cultured with autologous Treg cells. These data identify a novel mechanism of Foxp3-mediated CD8+ T cell dysfunction during lentiviral infection.
Phage Therapy: What Have We Learned?
Authors: Górski Andrzej , Międzybrodzki Ryszard , Łobocka Małgorzata , Głowacka-Rutkowska Aleksandra , Bednarek Agnieszka , Borysowski Jan , Jończyk-Matysiak Ewa , Łusiak-Szelachowska Marzanna , Weber-Dąbrowska Beata , Bagińska Natalia , Letkiewicz Sławomir , Dąbrowska Krystyna , Scheres Jacques
Published: May 2018

In this article we explain how current events in the field of phage therapy may positively influence its future development. We discuss the shift in position of the authorities, academia, media, non-governmental organizations, regulatory agencies, patients, and doctors which could enable further advances in the research and application of the therapy. In addition, we discuss methods to obtain optimal phage preparations and suggest the potential of novel applications of phage therapy extending beyond its anti-bacterial action.
In Vitro Studies of Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated DNA Release of Podovirus HK620
Authors: Broeker Nina K. , Kiele Franziska , Casjens Sherwood R. , Gilcrease Eddie B. , Thalhammer Anja , Koetz Joachim , Barbirz Stefanie
Published: May 2018

Gram-negative bacteria protect themselves with an outermost layer containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). O-antigen-specific bacteriophages use tailspike proteins (TSP) to recognize and cleave the O-polysaccharide part of LPS. However, O-antigen composition and structure can be highly variable depending on the environmental conditions. It is important to understand how these changes may influence the early steps of the bacteriophage infection cycle because they can be linked to changes in host range or the occurrence of phage resistance. In this work, we have analyzed how LPS preparations in vitro trigger particle opening and DNA ejection from the E. coli podovirus HK620. Fluorescence-based monitoring of DNA release showed that HK620 phage particles in vitro ejected their genome at velocities comparable to those found for other podoviruses. Moreover, we found that HK620 irreversibly adsorbed to the LPS receptor via its TSP at restrictive low temperatures, without opening the particle but could eject its DNA at permissive temperatures. DNA ejection was solely stimulated by LPS, however, the composition of the O-antigen dictated whether the LPS receptor could start the DNA release from E. coli phage HK620 in vitro. This finding can be significant when optimizing bacteriophage mixtures for therapy, where in natural environments O-antigen structures may rapidly change.
An Integrated Simulation, Inference and Optimization Approach for Groundwater Remediation with Two-Stage Health-Risk Assessment
Authors: Yang Aili , Yang Qi , Fan Yurui , Suo Meiqin , Fu Haiyan , Liu Jing , Lin Xiajing
Published: May 2018

In this study, an integrated simulation, inference and optimization approach with two-stage health risk assessment (i.e., ISIO-THRA) is developed for supporting groundwater remediation for a petroleum-contaminated site in western Canada. Both environmental standards and health risk are considered as the constraints in the ISIO-THRA model. The health risk includes two parts: (1) the health risk during the remediation process and (2) the health risk in the natural attenuation period after remediation. In the ISIO-THRA framework, the relationship between contaminant concentrations and time is expressed through first-order decay models. The results demonstrate that: (1) stricter environmental standards and health risk would require larger pumping rates for the same remediation duration; (2) higher health risk may happen in the period of the remediation process; (3) for the same environmental standard and acceptable health-risk level, the remediation techniques that take the shortest time would be chosen. ISIO-THRA can help to systematically analyze interaction among contaminant transport, remediation duration, and environmental and health concerns, and further provide useful supportive information for decision makers.
Discharge Coefficient of Combined Orifice-Weir Flow
Authors: Fu Zong-Fu , Cui Zhen , Dai Wen-Hong , Chen Yue-Jun
Published: May 2018

Combined orifice-weir flow is a complex phenomenon in hydropower and the discharge capacity of a structure affects the safety of the structure. It is essential to propose an equation for computing the discharge coefficient of combined orifice-weir flow. Based on theoretical analyses and physical experiments, 284 laboratory tests were performed to determine the discharge coefficient. The parameters affecting the discharge coefficient were determined and the relationships between the coefficient and four parameters, that is, the ratio of the water head to the upstream water level, the ratio of orifice height to orifice-weir height, the ratio of orifice height to the water head, and the ratio of the length to the height of the orifice-weir structure, were established. According to the dimensional analysis and the linear-fitting method of multidimensional ordinary least squares, five models were constructed to analyze the sensitivity of the model’s accuracy by using different parameters. The sensitivity to each parameter was also evaluated. The results were examined with statistical indices and they showed that one model yielded the best results, which were consistent with the experimental values. Thus, the proposed model is effective in estimating the discharge coefficient of combined orifice-weir flow.
Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes
Authors: Sergeeva Tatiana Yu , Mukhitova Rezeda K , Nizameev Irek R , Kadirov Marsil K , Klypina Polina D , Ziganshina Albina Y , Konovalov Alexander I
Published: May 2018

Novel polymer nanospheres (p(SRA-B)) were prepared by cross-linking a sulfonated resorcinarene (SRA) with phenylboronic acid. p(SRA-B) shows good stability in water and can be used as a nanocontainer for the pH- and glucose-controlled substrate release. Fluorescent dyes (fluorescein, pyrene and 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt) were successfully loaded into p(SRA-B). The release of dye is achieved by lowering the pH value to 3 or by adding glucose.
ARCHITECTURAL ORGANIZATION OF FACADES ACCORDING TO PRINCIPLE OF VARIABILITY: VIDEOECOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: KOZLOVA Nataliia
Published: May 2018

This original conference topic is devoted to one of the actual problems concerning the current state of facades on apartment buildings – videoecology. Often the terrain dictates its conditions for the creation of banal solutions of facade forms; therefore, this paper focuses on what should be the new facade design that makes a person integrate into the new environment, become interested in this environment. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the method of forming a facade on the principle of variability, which involves in the architectural organization of the residential building facade functional and constructive variability with architectural and spatial solutions of this building. Research proposals in the paper are considered on the example of a competition project of a residential building in the historical centre of Subotica city, Serbia.
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION IN ARCHITECTURE: LATVIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: BRATUŠKINS Uģis , TREIJA Sandra , BABRIS Matijs
Published: May 2018

A wide selection of informal and non-formal learning options has been developed during the last couple of decades by many schools of Architecture and non-educational bodies to accumulate creative potential of students and give them the opportunity to express themselves in alternative learning environments. These options include summer schools, short-term brainstorming actions, competitions, and other activities focusing on interdisciplinary approach, teamwork and intense discussions with professionals from various fields not directly involved in the formal education process.Considering high popularity of non-formal learning activities and many students involved, it is important to evaluate the respective experience to estimate whether and how abilities and skills acquired through non-formal learning could benefit to those requested by the formal education programmes.The paper discusses the role and methods of non-formal education in Architecture with an aim to identify particular goals achieved using each form of learning. The case study presented in the paper is based on more than 12 years’ experience accumulated by Riga Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, in organizing non-formal educational courses for the students of Architecture and the related fields considering the experience students gained participating in the activities organized by themselves or other parties.
ROUTES TO FAILURE AND PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS IN WORK SYSTEMS OF HYDROPOWER CONSTRUCTION
Authors: ZHENG Xiazhong , ZHOU Jianlan , WANG Fei , CHEN Yang
Published: May 2018

There are many types of accidents with their own characteristics in hydropower construction. The accidents are mainly results of human errors. It is important to find out the routes to failure and give recommendations pertinently for different accident types. First, 869 accident investigation reports are collected and the human factors are filtered using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework, the norms which link the accident causes and human factors are also explored, the first three accident types are determined by the frequency statistics. The ranking of the factors and the norms of the three accident types is presented using the frequency statistics. The Chi-square, lambda and odds ratios are used to analyze the interdependences between adjacent level factors of three highest frequency accident types. At last, based on the correlation analysis between different human factors, the routes to failure can be determined; containing the norm frequency of factors, the safety recommendations are given to the different accident types pertinently. The results can be auxiliary and effective information for safety managers to conduct scientific and pertinent safety managements.
COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION OF HOUSING COMPLEXES FORMS TO ENHANCE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Authors: DERAZGISOU SeyedAli , BAUSYS Romualdas , FAYAZ Rima
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to consider the field of energy saving in architectural design utilizing computer analysis and calculation. In this analysis, architecture design with an approach to optimizing energy consumption in the design of individual units, complex plan sites, and apartment sets using a computer was studied. Parameters affecting this research include the geometry of units, the arrangement and location relationship of buildings, and the form and height of apartment units. Different plans were produced by utilizing the initial plan of the designer and changing some aspects of it approved by the architectural design using the parametric modeling technique. Utilizing similar logic and a shift in the arrangement of buildings on the site, a variety of options were produced. By selecting existing and pre-designed plans, the optimal form was produced by computer. After computer-simulating each option, the energy analysis process was started for each building design. In the optimization process for each of the three designs, a genetic algorithm was used to achieve the optimal solution. After accomplishing the various stages of optimization, the final option compared with the initial design had reductions in energy consumption of 21% in plan design, 2% in site plan design, and 26% in apartment units form design. It should be noted that the processes of simulation and optimization were performed in the context of a continuous algorithm and by utilizing parametric tools that reduced the duration of this process.
Stellar Velocity Dispersion: Linking Quiescent Galaxies to Their Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Zahid H. Jabran , Sohn Jubee , Geller Margaret J.
Published: May 2018

We analyze the Illustris-1 hydrodynamical cosmological simulation to explore the stellar velocity dispersion of quiescent galaxies as an observational probe of dark matter halo velocity dispersion and mass. Stellar velocity dispersion is proportional to dark matter halo velocity dispersion for both central and satellite galaxies. The dark matter halos of central galaxies are in virial equilibrium and thus the stellar velocity dispersion is also proportional to dark matter halo mass. This proportionality holds even when a line-of-sight aperture dispersion is calculated in analogy to observations. In contrast, at a given stellar velocity dispersion, the dark matter halo mass of satellite galaxies is smaller than virial equilibrium expectations. This deviation from virial equilibrium probably results from tidal stripping of the outer dark matter halo. Stellar velocity dispersion appears insensitive to tidal effects and thus reflects the correlation between stellar velocity dispersion and dark matter halo mass prior to infall. There is a tight relation (≲0.2 dex scatter) between line-of-sight aperture stellar velocity dispersion and dark matter halo mass suggesting that the dark matter halo mass may be estimated from the measured stellar velocity dispersion for both central and satellite galaxies. We evaluate the impact of treating all objects as central galaxies if the relation we derive is applied to a statistical ensemble. A large fraction (≳2/3) of massive quiescent galaxies are central galaxies and systematic uncertainty in the inferred dark matter halo mass is ≲0.1 dex thus simplifying application of the simulation results to currently available observations.
The Green Bank North Celestial Cap Pulsar Survey. III. 45 New Pulsar Timing Solutions
Authors: Lynch Ryan S. , Swiggum Joseph K. , Kondratiev Vlad I. , Kaplan David L. , Stovall Kevin , Fonseca Emmanuel , Roberts Mallory S. E. , Levin Lina , DeCesar Megan E. , Cui Bingyi , Cenko S. Bradley , Gatkine Pradip , Archibald Anne M. , Banaszak Shawn , Biwer Christopher M. , Boyles Jason , Chawla Pragya , Dartez Louis P. , Day David , Ford Anthony J. , Flanigan Joseph , Hessels Jason W. T. , Hinojosa Jesus , Jenet Fredrick A. , Karako-Argaman Chen , Kaspi Victoria M. , Leake Sean , Lunsford Grady , Martinez José G. , Mata Alberto , McLaughlin Maura A. , Noori Hind Al , Ransom Scott M. , Rohr Matthew D. , Siemens Xavier , Spiewak Renée , Stairs Ingrid H. , Leeuwen Joeri van , Walker Arielle N. , Wells Bradley L.
Published: May 2018

We provide timing solutions for 45 radio pulsars discovered by the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. These pulsars were found in the Green Bank North Celestial Cap pulsar survey, an all-GBT-sky survey being carried out at a frequency of

. We include pulsar timing data from the Green Bank Telescope and Low Frequency Array. Our sample includes five fully recycled millisecond pulsars (MSPs, three of which are in a binary system), a new relativistic double neutron star system, an intermediate-mass binary pulsar, a mode-changing pulsar, a 138 ms pulsar with a very low magnetic field, and several nulling pulsars. We have measured two post-Keplerian parameters and thus the masses of both objects in the double neutron star system. We also report a tentative companion mass measurement via Shapiro delay in a binary MSP. Two of the MSPs can be timed with high precision and have been included in pulsar timing arrays being used to search for low-frequency gravitational waves, while a third MSP is a member of the black widow class of binaries. Proper motion is measurable in five pulsars, and we provide an estimate of their space velocity. We report on an optical counterpart to a new black widow system and provide constraints on the optical counterparts to other binary MSPs. We also present a preliminary analysis of nulling pulsars in our sample. These results demonstrate the scientific return of long timing campaigns on pulsars of all types.
Extended Structures of Planetary Nebulae Detected in H2 Emission∗
Authors: Fang Xuan , Zhang Yong , Kwok Sun , Hsia Chih-Hao , Chau Wayne , Ramos-Larios Gerardo , Guerrero Martín A.
Published: May 2018

We present narrowband near-infrared images of a sample of 11 Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) obtained in the H2 2.122 μm and Brγ 2.166 μm emission lines and the K
c 2.218 μm continuum. These images were collected with the Wide-field Infrared Camera on the 3.6 m Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT); their unprecedented depth and wide field of view allow us to find extended nebular structures in H2 emission in several PNe, some of these being the first detection. The nebular morphologies in H2 emission are studied in analogy with the optical images, and indication of stellar wind interactions is discussed. In particular, the complete structure of the highly asymmetric halo in NGC 6772 is witnessed in H2, which strongly suggests interaction with the interstellar medium. Our sample confirms the general correlation between H2 emission and the bipolarity of PNe. The knotty or filamentary fine structures of the H2 gas are resolved in the inner regions of several ring-like PNe, also confirming the previous argument that H2 emission mostly comes from knots or clumps embedded within fully ionized material at the equatorial regions. Moreover, the H2 image of the butterfly-shaped Sh 1-89, after removal of field stars, clearly reveals a tilted ring structure at the waist. These high-quality CFHT images justify follow-up detailed morphokinematic studies that are desired in order to deduce the true physical structures of a few PNe in the sample.
A Limit on the Warm Dark Matter Particle Mass from the Redshifted 21 cm Absorption Line
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher , Scannapieco Evan , Babul Arif
Published: May 2018

The recent Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES) collaboration detection of an absorption signal at a central frequency of ν = 78 ± 1 MHz points to the presence of a significant Lyα background by a redshift of z = 18. The timing of this signal constrains the dark matter particle mass (m

χ
) in the warm dark matter (WDM) cosmological model. WDM delays the formation of small-scale structures, and therefore a stringent lower limit can be placed on m

χ
based on the presence of a sufficiently strong Lyα background due to star formation at z = 18. Our results show that coupling the spin temperature to the gas through Lyα pumping requires a minimum mass of m

χ
 > 3 keV if atomic cooling halos dominate the star formation rate at z = 18, and m

χ
 > 2 keV if

 cooling halos also form stars efficiently at this redshift. These limits match or exceed the most stringent limits cited to date in the literature, even in the face of the many uncertainties regarding star formation at high redshift.
Psoralea forbesiae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae), a new species from the Swartberg Mountains of South Africa
Authors: Stirton Charles H. , Bello Abubakar , Muasya A. Muthama
Published: May 2018

Psoraleaforbesiae C.H.Stirt., A.Bello & Muasya is a new species of Psoraleeae, Fabaceae. Psoraleaforbesiae is endemic to the Swartberg Mountains and is a tall densely branched re-sprouting shrub up to 2.5 m, with bluish-green stems and with most parts covered in small crater-like glands, leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, linear-oblong, pale bluish-green, semi-conduplicate, somewhat succulent, glabrous, crowded at the end of bare branches on older stems or distributed along short branches on young shoots, petiolate. A description of P.forbesiae, together with photographs and a distribution map are presented.
Radeau
Authors: Tomas Julie
Published: May 2018

Comment témoigner de l’écriture sans évoquer les histoires, les rencontres et les événements qui l’habitent ? J’ai longtemps ressassé ces expériences sans pouvoir m’en déprendre. L’angoisse et le doute étaient avivés par la friction quotidienne avec moi-même naissant au contact des transmissions écrites professionnelles. D’autres récits, d’autres regards m’ont permis de ne pas totalement me déliter, quitte à me perdre et me mentir parfois. Un récent travail d’écriture dans un contexte de formation a apporté un nouvel éclairage à ces tentatives de narration.
Salomé, patiente du docteur Chaperot, entre autres choses
Authors: Chaperot Christophe
Published: May 2018

Dans cet article, Salomé a essayé de dire et de décrire à travers l’image du chewing-gum ce qu’était pour elle l’écriture à ce moment-là et de partager sa vision du travail en thérapie, du lien. Vision aussi de l’expérience d’écriture du livre Salomé et son psychiatre avec Christophe Chaperot. Le psychiatre de Salomé donne ici sa propre version de cette étrange expérience d’écriture à deux, avec sa patiente et durant la thérapie. Il y témoigne de son désarroi, mais aussi de l’intensité dangereuse de ce mode de dualisation, que l’on retrouve dans toutes les formes de thérapie peu ou non codifiées.
Écrire pour finir. 2017-2018
Authors: Gaudibert Françoise
Published: May 2018

Depuis cinq ans, je suis le processus de création d’une coopérative d’habitants à Toulouse, pour en faire la chronique et l’actualiser régulièrement, puis l’offrir aux habitants lorsqu’ils aménageront dans les lieux, début 2018. Dire mes hésitations, mes questionnements, dans l’écriture même et ses variations, tel est le but de ce texte à venir, entre journal de terrain et miettes à recueillir pour avancer, avant de devenir leur voisine, tout simplement.
Écriture et anthropologie
Authors: Merlo Marc
Published: May 2018

Cet article présente quelques hypothèses permettant d’éclairer le sens et les enjeux de l’écriture en tant que pratique sociale, à partir des recherches menées en anthropologie sociale et historique. Études et représentations des usages de l’écriture, rôle joué par celle-ci dans l’histoire des sociétés, mais aussi exploration d’autres dimensions de l’écriture : inscriptions murales, ambiance graphique des villes, écritures ordinaires… autant d’actes et de situations d’écriture envisagés au plus proche des mondes vécus.
Écrire : l’informatique et la pensée informatique transforment notre manière de transmettre
Authors: Bigeard Alexandre
Published: May 2018

L’informatique et sa logique ont restructuré le social. Ce changement d’architecture s’observe dans le quotidien des travailleurs du social et du sanitaire. L’information produite ne s’oublie plus et se produit en quantité. George Orwell, dans 1984, décrit une société à la mécanique semblable. Son intuition d’alors nous éclaire sur le phénomène institutionnel actuel.
Lettres et le néant
Authors: Bogaert Éric
Published: May 2018

À l’écriture informatique, binaire, codage, du côté d’un symbolique, par une machine, du côté d’une utilisation du réel, manque la touche mise par l’homme qui écrit, du côté de l’imaginaire. Si elle inventorie des informations objectives, collige des liens quantitatifs, classe des catégories, peut-elle conter, transcrire ce qui fait qu’il y a écriture, le sujet ?
Écrire ou saisir, peut-on choisir ?
Authors: Gekiere Claire
Published: May 2018

Dans les services hospitaliers, écrivons-nous sur nos patients ou les saisissons-nous, via la collecte de leurs « données de santé », dans nos dpi (Dossiers patient informatisés) dont l’usage s’est répandu ? En psychiatrie, cela fabrique-t-il une mise en récit des souffrances humaines ou un empilement de données construisant le profil de troubles psychiatriques ? L’augmentation concomitante de la recherche de sécurisation des systèmes d’information et de l’élargissement de l’accès aux données sensibles de patients ou d’usagers de structures sociales par des « partenaires » de plus en plus nombreux est-elle ou non un paradoxe ? En résumé, que fabriquons-nous quand nous écrivons dans nos dossiers et à quoi exposons-nous les personnes dont nous devons prendre soin (au sens large du terme) ?
Le récit d’ouverture : une clé pour nos pratiques
Authors: Hébert François
Published: May 2018

Qu’est-ce que les éducateurs ont à dire de particulier et comment peuvent-ils le dire, l’écrire ? Autour du récit d’une éducatrice qui raconte comment elle valide symboliquement le lien entre un père et son fils, on va apercevoir la singularité de l’action éducative : la mise en scène des enjeux, le jeu des places autour d’une médiation concrète font de l’ordinaire d’une activité vécue une expérience signifiante – un quasi-rituel de reconnaissance du lien. Pour donner à voir ce niveau d’intervention, il faut écrire nos « trouvailles », dans des récits précis et impliqués à la fois. Il faudra alors une théorisation douce de ce qu’a fait l’acteur lui-même, pour nommer le geste en question et se donner des repères communs – nos stratégies spécifiques, à nous qui devons faire avec la réalité hétéroclite : paroles, lieux, gestes, groupes… Commencera alors à se tisser une culture professionnelle, enfin partageable.
Restaurer une relation vivante avec l’écriture
Authors: Lecœur Claire
Published: May 2018

Écrire confronte celui qui écrit à l’inconnu de sa pensée, qui se dévoile en écrivant. De là viennent certaines peurs d’écrire repérées dans les formations que je conduis auprès de professionnels de la relation. Connaître le processus qui construit la pensée pas à pas permet de restaurer une relation vivante avec l’écriture. Alors on peut envisager l’écriture comme un dialogue entre ce que l’on pensait savoir et ce qu’un texte révélera, qu’on ne savait pas savoir. Alors la pensée clinique peut s’énoncer de façon ouverte, montrant le cheminement avec l’autre et les questions qu’il nous pose.
Usages et fonctions des pédagogies de la médiation dans la formation des travailleurs sociaux : analyse des carnets de voyage des étudiants
Authors: Faure Joffroy , Ponnou Sébastien
Published: May 2018

Héritées des modules de « techniques éducatives », les Pédagogies des médiations expressives ( pme ) sont conçues comme un dispositif de formation aux potentialités créatives et émancipatrices à l’œuvre dans la relation d’aide. Nous avons souhaité en étudier la spécificité via l’analyse de 155 « carnets de voyage » d’étudiants, dont la fonction est de rendre compte de la traversée de l’expérience. Les résultats obtenus soulignent la pertinence des pme en termes de pédagogie de la relation et de formation aux approches cliniques en travail social, et suggèrent l’opportunité d’aménager les outils réflexifs susceptibles d’en potentialiser les effets dans la formation des travailleurs sociaux.
L’assistance éducative en milieu ouvert : objet de tension et de collaboration
Authors: Benjeddour Abdellatif
Published: May 2018

Le dispositif aemo permet de prévenir et d’accompagner l’enfant et sa famille dans l’objectif de réduire ou d’améliorer le danger ou le risque de danger. L’article s’appuie sur les résultats d’une enquête qui dégage les représentations sociales et les enjeux de l’ aemo au sein des différentes organisations : justice, département, association agrémentée. Des tensions existent entre les organisations et les professionnels, elles freinent les projets de développement institutionnel et impactent l’accompagnement du jeune, même si les acteurs de terrain recherchent des solutions dans l’intérêt de l’enfant.
Logique existentielle, transfert et management de l’accompagnement
Authors: Lecarpentier Michel
Published: May 2018

Cet article oppose deux logiques observables dans le monde hospitalier et s’appuie sur les pratiques de la clinique de La Borde : – la logique commerciale et concurrentielle valorise les actes, la performance et l’attractivité nécessaires pour équilibrer les comptes et les choix managériaux qui vont dans ce sens ; – la psychiatrie humaniste et le mouvement de psychothérapie institutionnelle, avec cette question éthique de base : comment transformer l’admission en accueil et soigner l’hôpital pour éviter qu’il ajoute des symptômes à ceux de la maladie en elle-même ? À La Borde, la double articulation établissement/comité hospitalier/club constitue une réelle alternative. De nombreuses personnes ont pu, dans leur cursus thérapeutique, passer insensiblement d’une hospitalisation à temps plein à une hospitalisation de jour ou une sortie de la clinique.
Temporalités en formation dans l’animation
Authors: Redjimi Goucem
Published: May 2018

Cette contribution propose une réflexion sur les temporalités en formation et analyse l’expérience d’animateurs socioculturels engagés dans une démarche vae . Quatre formes temporelles émergent. La perspective optimiste est le régime temporel qui montre la capacité du sujet à transformer le projet institutionnel prescrit. Une deuxième forme se caractérise par une inscription dans le temps passé, idéalisé. Une troisième forme spécifie les récits hantés par une projection de soi mais dans lesquels ce désir reste aléatoire. Enfin, une dernière forme est adossée à l’expérience de candidats qui demeurent prisonniers d’un présent insignifiant.
Savoir réformer
Authors: Bailly Jean-Paul
Published: May 2018

La France et ses grandes entreprises publiques sont jugées irréformables. Pourtant, Jean-Paul Bailly a su mener à bien plusieurs transformations de grande ampleur, sans traumatisme, à la RATP et à La Poste. Selon lui, aucun changement n’est impossible dès lors qu’il est compris par tous.
Voyage dans la politique culturelle à Nantes
Authors: Blaise Jean
Published: May 2018

À Nantes, Jean Blaise fait sortir l’art de ses prés carrés usuels pour l’amener au cœur de la cité et du territoire. Soutenue par un engagement politique pour la culture d’une rare longévité, sa créativité a contribué à transformer l’image de la ville, sa vie quotidienne et son économie.
High-moisture extrusion with insect and soy protein concentrates: cutting properties of meat analogues under insect content and barrel temperature variations
Authors: Smetana S. , Pernutz C. , Toepfl S. , Heinz V. , Van Campenhout L.
Published: May 2018

Insect biomass production is recognised as one of the potential solutions for the problem of a lack of traditional protein sources (most feed protein sources are imported in Europe). It is perceived to be utilised as a more suitable source of proteins for food and feed in Western countries within the next decades. High-moisture extrusion of protein concentrate and water mixtures results in the development of fibrous intermediates, suitable for the development of meat analogues. Hardness and protein composition of such intermediates were comparable to meat. Inclusion of 15-40% of insect protein concentrates (bothAlphitobius diaperinusandTenebrio molitor) could imitate the meat texture and resulted in a similar hardness compared to a standard sample composed of 100% soy protein concentrate (dry matter basis). Extruder barrel temperature and soy-insect ratio were found to affect the physical properties of the extrudates: an increase in temperature (alternatively decrease in water input) improved the hardness of the intermediates from 6.5-8 N (barrel temperature 160 °C) to 8-11 N (barrel temperature 170 °C). An optimal meat-like texture with the highest inclusion of insect biomass (40% dry matter basis) was achieved when using a maximal temperature of barrel extruder of 170 °C. The results demonstrated the potential of insect protein incorporation in a mixed (‘invisible’) form to generate high-protein texturized intermediates, presenting a viable alternative to the fresh meat products.
Towards a coordination of European activities to diagnose and manage insect diseases in production facilities
Authors: Eilenberg J. , van Oers M.M. , Jensen A.B. , Lecocq A. , Maciel-Vergara G. , Santacoloma L.P.A. , van Loon J.J.A. , Hesketh H.
Published: May 2018

The rapid increase in insect production for food and feed both in Europe and elsewhere in the world has led to a need for a coordinated action to assist producers in the diagnosis and management of insect diseases in production stock. Diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and other insect pathogens can be detrimental for reared insects and may cause significant economic loss to producers. Here, we suggest how academia, commercial companies and other insect producers can jointly develop best practice for diagnosing insect diseases early and thereby manage such diseases efficiently. First, we analyse different ways of transmission of insect diseases in closed and semi-closed production facilities. Thereafter we describe four recent cases where companies have requested advice about insect pathogens in their insect stock namely: with giant mealwormZophobas morio, yellow mealwormTenebrio molitor, house cricketAcheta domesticus, and with lesser mealwormAlphitobius diaperinus. Our experience dealing with these cases gave us insight to suggest how we should coordinate European activities to establish a service to diagnose and provide advice, and how different European laboratories specialised in insect pathology should collaborate. An important issue will be to educate a new generation of insect pathologists, who with a combination of classical insect pathology methods and the most modern tools can become professionals in diagnosing and managing the various types of insect pathogens.
The chemical composition of two seaweed flies (Coelopa frigida and Coelopa pilipes) reared in the laboratory
Authors: Biancarosa I. , Liland N.S. , Day N. , Belghit I. , Amlund H. , Lock E.-J. , Gilburn A.S.
Published: May 2018

Two species of seaweed flies, Coelopa frigida and Coelopa pilipes, were reared in the laboratory and their larvae were sampled for composition of amino acids, fatty acids and elements. The larvae were grown on two different species of seaweed, Laminaria digitata and Fucus serratus. The aim was to gain knowledge on the influence of feeding media on the growth and composition of the larvae. F. serratus was more nutrient-dense than L. digitata, being richer in both protein and lipids, and thus led to ~70% higher larvae growth. The larvae grown on F. serratus also had higher lipid and protein content than the larvae grown on L. digitata; F. serratus-grown larvae had ~8-9% protein and ~18% lipid (total fatty acids) (both values of dry matter), while the larvae grown on L. digitata had only ~7.5% protein and ~13% lipids. All seaweed flies had a similar and balanced amino acid composition, suitable for animal and human nutrition. The fatty acid composition was not highly affected by either insect species or feeding media, with all groups containing high concentrations of the monounsaturated fatty acid, palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7). The larvae also contained some fatty acids characteristic of marine environments, like eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), likely originating from the seaweed. Both species of seaweed fly larvae accumulated As, Cd, and Pb, but not Hg. The elevated levels of As and Cd in the larvae (highest measured concentrations 18.4 and 11.6 mg/kg, respectively, based on 12% moisture content) could potentially limit the use of seaweed fly larvae as a feed ingredient.
Return to Play Among Golfers Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy: Short- to Mid-term Follow-up
Authors: Ortiz-Declet Victor , Yuen Leslie C. , Maldonado David R. , Schwarzman Garrett , Laseter Joseph R. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: May 2018

There are approximately 25 million amateur golfers in the United States, making up almost 10% of the entire US population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate short-term outcomes and rates of return to sport among recreational golfers who underwent hip arthroscopy for the treatment of labral tears. Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent hip arthroscopy by one surgeon between August 2008 and February 2015. Exclusion criteria were previous ipsilateral hip surgeries or conditions, preoperative Tönnis osteoarthritis grade greater than 1, or workers' compensation status. Patients who played golf at a recreational level within 1 year prior to their surgery, attempted to return to golf postoperatively, and had preoperative and minimum 2-year postoperative measures for the modified Harris hip score, Nonarthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale for pain were included in the final cohort. Data on return to sport, surgical complications, and secondary surgeries were recorded. Of the 49 patients eligible for inclusion, 40 (81.6%) had minimum 2-year follow-up at a mean of 51.0 months. Mean age at surgery was 49.1 years. All patient-reported outcomes and visual analog scale scores were significantly improved at latest follow-up. Thirty-six (90%) of the 40 patients returned to golf after surgery. Hip arthroscopy leads to significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes and a high rate of return to sport for recreational golfers presenting with labral tears. Therefore, it is a good treatment option for this patient population. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(4):e545–e549.]
A Survey of the Prevalence of and Techniques to Prevent Trunnionosis
Authors: Marinier Michael , Edmiston Tori A. , Kearns Sean , Hannon Charles P. , Levine Brett R.
Published: May 2018

Trunnionosis of total hip arthroplasty (THA) components has been an increasingly reported complication. Consensus is lacking regarding preventive practices and the overall incidence of trunnionosis. In this study, fellowship-trained adult reconstruction orthopedic surgeons were surveyed to identify expert opinions. A 25-question, web-based survey regarding trunnionosis incidence, prevention, and biomaterials was sent to 345 fellowship-trained adult reconstruction orthopedic surgeons in North America. The survey yielded 151 (43.8%) responses from surgeons with a mean of 11.97±9.49 years of experience. These surgeons believe that the material composite of the head–neck junction is the most important contributor to trunnionosis. They often choose a ceramic head with a metal alloy stem to reduce trunnionosis. They more commonly impact the femoral head 3 times than once. Fifty-one percent believe that trunnionosis leads to THA failure for between 0% and 2% of all THA revisions, whereas 48.3% believe that the failure rate is greater than 2%. More than half (53.6%) of these surgeons recommend a revision THA if a patient's serum cobalt level is greater than 10 µg/L, regardless of symptom presence. The incidence of trunnionosis appears to be increasing due to changes in implants and/or an increased awareness of the problem, with 48.3% of these surgeons believing that trunnionosis is the primary cause of THA failure for more than 1 in 50 patients. Some suggested preventive measures include cleaning and drying the trunnion, using ceramic femoral heads, matching THA components, and adding titanium sleeves on well-fixed stems that are retained during revision surgery. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(4):e557–e562.]
Medical Malpractice Following Carpal Tunnel Surgery
Authors: Gil Joseph A. , Bokshan Steven , Genovese Timothy , Got Christopher , Daniels Alan H.
Published: May 2018

There is a paucity of literature examining the reasons for litigation following carpal tunnel surgery in the United States. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine a nationwide legal database to describe the most frequent reasons for malpractice litigation following carpal tunnel surgery. All malpractice claims that occurred following carpal tunnel surgery were included. In total, 46 cases met inclusion criteria, representing 15 male and 31 female patients with an average age of 46.4 years (±14.7 years). Four cases (8.7%) resulted in settlement. Of the 42 cases that went to trial, 33.3% ended in a decision in favor of the plaintiff and 66.7% ended in a decision in favor of the physician. The average payment for all lawsuits was $637,140.97. There was no significant difference in the average payment for cases lost in court ($329,690±$233,910) vs cases that ended in settlement ($422,286±$388,973). The 3 most frequent reasons for malpractice litigation after carpal tunnel surgery were nerve injury (n=18, 39.1%), persistent pain and numbness (n=15, 32.6%), and regional sympathetic dystrophy (n=9, 19.6%). Complications of carpal tunnel release should be emphasized during the consent process. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(4):e569–e571.]
The Role of Superior Oblique Posterior Tenectomy Along With Inferior Rectus Recessions for the Treatment of Chin-up Head Positioning in Patients With Nystagmus
Authors: Escuder Anna G. , Ranka Milan P. , Lee Kathy , Nam Julie N. , Steele Mark A.
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of bilateral superior oblique posterior 7/8th tenectomy with inferior rectus recession on improving chin-up head positioning in patients with horizontal nystagmus.

Methods:

Medical records were reviewed from 2007 to 2017 for patients with nystagmus and chin-up positioning of 15° or more who underwent combined bilateral superior oblique posterior 7/8th tenectomy with an inferior rectus recession of at least 5 mm.

Results:

Thirteen patients (9 males and 4 females) were included, with an average age of 7.3 years (range: 1.8 to 15 years). Chin-up positioning ranged from 15° to 45° degrees (average: 30°). Three patients had prior horizontal muscle surgeries, 1 for esotropia and 2 for horizontal null zones causing anomalous face turns. Ten patients underwent other concomitant eye muscle surgery: 3 had esotropia, 1 had exotropia, and 2 had biplanar nystagmus null point requiring a horizontal Anderson procedure. Four patients underwent simultaneous bilateral medial rectus tenotomy and reattachment. All patients had improved chin-up positioning. Eight patients had complete resolution, whereas 5 had minimal residual chin-up positioning. Three patients developed an eccentric horizontal gaze null point with compensatory anomalous face turn with onset 2 weeks, 2 years, and 3 years postoperatively. Average follow-up was 42.7 months. No postoperative pattern deviations, cyclodeviations, or inferior oblique overaction were seen. No surgical complications were noted.

Conclusions:

Bilateral superior oblique posterior 7/8th tenectomy in conjunction with bilateral inferior rectus recession is a safe and effective procedure for improving chin-up head positioning in patients with horizontal nystagmus with a down gaze null point.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(4):234–239.]
Real-World Simulation of an Alternative Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening System in Thailand: A Pilot Study
Authors: Prakalapakorn S. Grace , Freedman Sharon F. , Hutchinson Amy K. , Saehout Piyada , Cetinkaya-Rundel Mine , Wallace David K. , Kulvichit Kittisak
Published: May 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate an alternative retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening system that identifies infants meriting examination by an ophthalmologist in a middle-income country.

Methods:

The authors hypothesized that grading posterior pole images for the presence of pre-plus or plus disease has high sensitivity to identify infants with type 1 ROP that requires treatment. Part 1 of the study evaluated the feasibility of having a non-ophthalmologist health care worker obtain retinal images of prematurely born infants using a non-contact retinal camera (Pictor; Volk Optical, Inc., Mentor, OH) that were of sufficient quality to grade for pre-plus or plus disease. Part 2 investigated the accuracy of grading these images to identify infants with type 1 ROP. The authors prospectively recruited infants at Chulalongkorn University Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand). On days infants underwent routine ROP screening, a trained health care worker imaged their retinas with Pictor. Two ROP experts graded these serial images from a remote location for image gradability and posterior pole disease.

Results:

Fifty-six infants were included. Overall, 69.4% of infant imaging sessions were gradable. Among gradable images, the sensitivity of both graders for identifying an infant with type 1 ROP by grading for the presence of pre-plus or plus disease was 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31 to 1.0) for grader 1 and 1.0 (95% CI: 0.40 to 1.0) for grader 2. The specificity was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.99) for grader 1 and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.53 to 0.88) for grader 2.

Conclusions:

It was feasible for a trained non-ophthalmologist health care worker to obtain retinal images of infants using the Pictor that were of sufficient quality to identify infants with type 1 ROP.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2018;55(4):245–253.]