bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harm Is Key to Judgments That Stealing Is Immoral
Authors: Conry-Murray Clare , Dunfield Kristen A. , Recchia Holly , Maranges Heather M. , Dougherty Cole , DiGregory Evan
Published: January 2025

Stealing is considered to be a typical moral violation, but is taking without permission immoral when it does not involve harm? To assess the role of harm in reasoning about taking resources, two studies were conducted. In Study 1, 201 American undergraduates with a range of political orientations (M = 3.81 on a 7-point scale, SD = 1.49) judged instances of taking resources without permission to benefit a third party. Study 2 built on Study 1, testing 288 undergraduate students from the U.S. and Canada with a range of political orientations (M = 4.52 on a 10-point scale, SD = 2.02). Across both studies, participants judged vignettes that varied who took the resources (an authority or an individual), the need of the recipient, and the harm to the owner (left with not enough or more than enough). Labeling acts as stealing was only moderately associated with evaluations of acts in both studies. Harm was key to judgments of taking without permission across political orientations: participants judged taking resources without permission as unacceptable when it harmed the owner but as acceptable when it helped others in need. In the absence of harm, stealing was not consistently seen as a moral issue.
COURT INTEGRATION AS A FORM OF INCLUSIVENESS IN THE INDONESIAN JUDICIAL SPHERE
Authors: Austin Raja Hamonangan Purba  , Katon Ismas Sumoaji  , Muhammad Almer Levaryan
Published: January 2025

Indonesia, as a nation that officially recognizes religious pluralism, faces unique challenges within its judiciary system, particularly with respect to the exclusive Islamic Religious Courts. Referencing various laws and regulations, such as Law No. 3 of 2006 on Religious Courts, which caters only to Muslims, there exists a potential for discrimination that could impact social harmony and justice. This research aims to investigate possible discriminatory practices in the Religious Courts and explores a comparison with the judiciary system in the Netherlands, which is more inclusive and comprehensive in handling religious cases. Utilizing juridical-normative, comparative, and statutory approaches, this study examines the urgency of integrating the Religious Courts with the Civil Courts to create a more effective and inclusive judiciary system in Indonesia. Findings suggest that this integration is crucial to eliminate exclusive preferences and discriminatory practices, ensuring equal access to justice for all citizens regardless of their religious affiliation. The study recommends legislative reform in judicial laws to include principles of inclusivity, which will strengthen equality and justice across Indonesia.
Avanzando hacia una Fisioterapia de Calidad: Un compromiso con la Evidencia
Authors: Puelles-Diaz Alvaro , González-Aroca Joaquín , García-Leal Héctor
Published: January 2025

El Journal Physiotherapy Interventions (JPI) se complace en anunciar su lanzamiento como una nueva revista científica dedicada a la difusión de investigaciones en fisioterapia. En un contexto donde la evidencia científica es fundamental para la práctica clínica, JPI busca consolidarse como un referente en la publicación de estudios que contribuyan al desarrollo y la proyección internacional de la fisioterapia en Chile y Latinoamérica.

JPI adopta un modelo de acceso abierto diamante, garantizando la equidad en el acceso al conocimiento sin costos para autores ni lectores. La revista sigue un riguroso proceso de revisión por pares doble ciego y se adhiere a estándares internacionales de publicación, incluyendo las directrices de COPE y EQUATOR Network. Además, cuenta con una estrategia de indexación progresiva que apunta a su inclusión en Latindex, DOAJ, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science (WoS), maximizando la visibilidad e impacto de las investigaciones publicadas.

Finalmente, JPI invita a fisioterapeutas, kinesiólogos e investigadores en ciencias de la rehabilitación a contribuir con estudios de alta calidad que fortalezcan la fisioterapia basada en evidencia y promuevan avances significativos en el ámbito clínico y académico.
Pharmacotechnical development and characterization of gel based on Anacardium occidentale L.
Authors: Medeiros Dantas Daniella Isla , Nagashima Junior Toshiyuki
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Among the many plants used in folk medicine, Anacardium occidentale L. stands out as a plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, commonly known as cashew tree. Several pharmacological properties are known, such as antitussive, antisyphilitic, diuretic, wound-healing, and antimicrobial actions. The stem bark is attributed with various pharmacological actions, with notable emphasis on its wound-healing activity. Objective: The present study aimed to develop a gel containing Anacardium occidentale L. glycolic extract with wound-healing activity, evaluating its physicochemical and microbiological characterization. Materials and methods: Two gels, Gel 1 and Gel 2, were prepared, composed of Carbopol® 940, propylene glycol, glycerin, EDTA, nipagin, with the glycolic extract of Anacardium occidentale L. incorporated into the gel base. The gels were evaluated on days 1, 20, 25, and 35. The physicochemical quality control was conducted by determining the pH and verifying physical and visual aspects, such as changes in color or precipitation, and spreadability test. Results: The formulations presented pH values between 6.0 and 8.0, respectively, normal and homogeneous appearance, and characteristic odor, with attention drawn to the color change in Gel 2 after 20 days of study. Gel 2 exhibited superior and more homogeneous spreadability. Regarding the viable microbial count assay, conducted for microbiological quality control, it was confirmed that the formulations were within acceptable microbial limits. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the formulations demonstrated acceptable physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, ruling out the need for reformulation.
Estado de metilación de regiones promotoras de tres genes de respuesta inflamatoria en una muestra de colombianos con problemas de consumo de alcohol: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Rey Mauricio , Aristizábal Gutiérrez Fabio Ancizar
Published: January 2025

Introducción: La dependencia del alcohol exhibe un patrón de herencia multifactorial. Las vías de respuesta inflamatoria han despertado un interés particular, específicamente el aspecto epigenético está muy influenciado étnicamente y por la evolución personal de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Comparar el estado de metilación de una región promotora con islas CpG de algunos genes candidatos a dianas farmacéuticas en la vía de respuesta inflamatoria, entre controles e individuos con consumo problemático de alcohol de una muestra de una población universitaria colombiana. Métodos: Previamente, se realizaron estudios sobre 29 variantes genéticas que afectan a 10 genes implicados en la respuesta inflamatoria. Luego se realizó análisis de la expresión de ARNm y proteínas de algunos de estos genes, perfilando a tres genes para estudios de metilación, a saber, SNCA, MIF e IFNGR1. Se analizó el estado de metilación del ADN modificado con bisulfito mediante PCR con marcaje fluorescente, electroforesis capilar y validación con secuenciación de Sanger. Resultados: Existen cambios en el estado de metilación del promotor de los genes MIF y SNCA en los casos. Se observó concordancia entre la expresión génica y el estado de metilación en MIF en la muestra general, y también con la síntesis de ARNm-SNCA, sin cambios apreciables en la proteína, aunque con diferencias según el sexo. Conclusión: Nuestro estudio proporcionó información sobre el estado de metilación de los promotores SNCA y MIF y su relación con la expresión génica en fenotipos de consumo problemático de alcohol. Estas dos proteínas se proponen como candidatas para estudios de modelado.
A descrição teórica da detecção eletroanalítica do ledol em méis, assistida pelo compósito do polímero condutor com o oxihidróxido de cobalto
Authors: V. Tkach Volodymyr , V. Kushnir Marta , M. Storoshchuk Nataliia , V. Luganska Olga , V. Kopiika Vira , V. Novosad Nataliia , M. Lukanova Svitlana , G. Ivanushko Yana , G. Ostapchuk Valentyna , P. Melnychuk Svitlana , Yagodynets Petro I. , C. de Oliveira Sílvio , Ferrão de Paiva Martins José I. , Monteiro Maria João , O. Kormosh Zholt , V. Morozova Tetiana
Published: January 2025

Introdução: Pela primeira vez se avalia teoricamente a possibilidade da detecção eletroanalítica anódica do ledol – principal toxina dos néctares e méis de algumas f lores tóxicas – pelo eléctrodo, modificado pelo compósito do polímero condutor com oxihidróxido de cobalto. Metodologia: A eletrooxidação do ledol dar-se-á pelo anel de ciclopropano, seguida pela oxidação do grupo alcoólico secundário em cetona. Resultados e discussão: A análise do modelo correspondente mediante a teoria de estabilidade linear e análise de bifurcações confirma que o oxihidróxido de cobalto em compósito com o polímero condutor pode servir de modificador de ânodo eficaz para a determinação do ledol em méis, néctares e outras fontes naturais. Como o ledol é pouco ionizado, o comportamento oscilatório causar-se-á apenas pelos efeitos da etapa eletroquímica na dupla camada elétrica (DCE). Conclusões: oxihidróxido de cobalto pode ser usado para a detecção de ledol para a verificação de segurança de méis.
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Preparation and characterization of copper nanoparticles of Schisandra chinensis and evaluation of its antiproliferative activity
Authors: Tinjacá Dario A. , A. Almanza Ovidio , Delgado Felix , Morantes Sandra Johana , C. Medina María , Torres Paola , Martinez Estefanía
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Schisandra chinensis is a plant species whose fruits have been well known for its multiple pharmacological effects. In the current work, aqueous extract of S. chinensis fruits is used to produce Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) through green-synthesis method. Physical and biological essays characterized the nanoparticles obtained. Aim: To produce Copper nanoparticles through a greensynthesis method using the aqueous extract of S. chinensis fruits and to characterize this material using spectroscopic methods, including UV-Vis, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra), X-ray diffraction, and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy). Subsequently, the nanoparticulate material is evaluated against three tumor cell lines: A549 human lung cancer cell line (CRM-CCL-185TM), HT29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (ATCC® HTB-38TM) and MCF7 breast cancer cell line (ATCC® HTB-22TM). Results: Through a green synthesis method, Copper nanoparticles were synthesized from aqueous extract of S. chinensis fruits, demonstrating a spherical morphology with a size close to 26 nanometers by means of spectral methods. Furthermore, results suggest that the S. chinensis reduced CuNPs were able to induce mainly early apoptotic cell death in cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions: The results proved that S. chinensis fruit aqueous extract could be applied for a greener synthesis of copper nanoparticles with potential anti-proliferative effect.
Level of implementation of the pharmacovigilance program and its associated factors in health institutions in Valle del Cauca
Authors: Castro Espinosa Jobany , Estupiñán Cabrera Hernán , Gil Pineda María Alejandra , Moreno Posso Laura Valentina , Donoso Huertas María Cristina , Pino Quinto Daihana
Published: January 2025

Introduction: pharmacovigilance programs monitor the Adverse Drug Events (ADEs). Although Colombian legislation mandates healthcare service providers to have an institutional pharmacovigilance program, not all institutions comply with this regulation. Objective: Determine the level of implementation of the pharmacovigilance program and its associated factors in health institutions in Valle del Cauca. Methodology: A survey was designed based on the HENRI PFv scale of the National Institute for Food and Drug Surveillance (INVIMA). The survey was sent to health institutions. Information was consulted in the special registry of health providers and information on the EAM report in VigiFlow. The association between the implementation of the program and each of the factors was evaluated, using Stata version 14 software. Results: 80 institutions participated, of which 81% were classified as being implemented and 19% as not being implemented. The item with the lowest compliance was having pharmacovigilance programs and strategies (40%) and having a quality management system (45%), and the item with the highest compliance was the review of alerts and health measures (88%). The bivariate analysis allowed establishing the association between program implementation and variables such as the presence of pharmaceutical personnel, the institution’s location in a large municipality, the program’s operational duration of more than one year, and the perception that INVIMA does not send reports to stakeholders. Conclusion: The implementation was determined for each institution. The factors associated with implementation constitute aspects to consider to improve the functioning of pharmacovigilance programs.
Food designing for Covid-19 patients with the help of applied mathematical optimization technique in LINDO Software
Authors: Yadav Rakesh , Sahu Monika , Bala Ankur , Wadia Shekhar , Rani Manju
Published: January 2025

Objective: Due to the alarming rise in COVID-19 cases every day in India, numerous academics are already developing a variety of math-based estimation models to forecast the pandemic future course. This paper makes use of publicly available data to anticipate certain COVID-19 trajectories in India. Methods: We used the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model, a time series model, to anticipate the number of COVID-19 infected cases every day soon. People need to consume nutritious food that is well-balanced and contains the right number of calories, nutrients, as well as vitamins for strong development, bearing in mind that sustaining and repairing bodily tissues is the goal while preventing unfavorable illnesses and disease. Results: Recent studies have shown that healthy eating can help lower the possibilities of developing cancer, cardiovascular disease and for COVID patients. Therefore, an optimization strategy and LINDO software was used to solve the model. This study offers an exhaustive daily meal plan created especially for hospital patients, acting as a helpful resource for school administrators. With six different food choices, the diet plan makes sure that you get all the nutrients you need each day at a reasonable price. Conclusions: The model is solved using LINDO software in the study, which shows how effective it is when compared to other heuristic techniques like biological algorithms. It is determined through thorough investigation that the chosen meals are both financially and nutritionally feasible to serve in ho spital settings. Hospital patients make up the study’s participants, and each day’s total cost comes to Rs109.34. This cost makes it possible to deliver meals that are minimally more costly but of higher quality, improving the patients’ overall nutritional value.
Independence numbers of some double vertex graphs and pair graphs
Authors: Jimenez-Sepulveda Paloma , Rivera Luis Manuel
Published: January 2025

The combinatorial properties of the double vertex graph of a graph have been widely studied since the 90’s. However only very few results are know about the independence number of such graphs. In this paper we obtain the independence numbers of the double vertex graphs of fan graphs and wheel graphs. Also we obtain the independence numbers of the pair graphs, that is a kind of generalization of the double vertex graphs, of some families of graphs.
RESPUESTA A LA INOCULACIÓN DE TRES CEPAS DE HONGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EN PLANTAS DE TOMATE
Authors: Santana Baños Yoerlandy , Ruiz Sánchez Michel , Miranda Izquierdo Edenys , Hernández Hernández Carisleidy
Published: January 2025

Los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares se han convertido en una solución prometedora y ambientalmente amigable para la agricultura sostenible. Esta investigación tuvo objetivo evaluar la respuesta de plantas del cultivar L-43 de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) a la inoculación de tres cepas de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares. El experimento se estableció sobre un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos y cinco réplicas. Se analizaron las variables de crecimiento longitud y grosor del tallo, número de hojas, área foliar y la biomasa. También se estimó la colonización micorrízica en el sistema radical de las plantas. Las tres cepas de micorrizas (INCAM-2, INCAM-4 e INCAM-11) favorecieron el desarrollo vegetativo de las plantas de tomate, con un incremento de la biomasa fresca y seca total de más del 15 % respecto al control (sin inoculación). Sin embargo, puede ser superior en el sistema radical debido a una correlación positiva con la colonización micorrízica. Esta última excedió 35 % en el sistema radical de las plantas, aunque su efecto sobre el crecimiento fue más evidente en las cepas INCAM-2 e INCAM-4. Los resultados sugieren la posibilidad de empelarlas como alternativas de biofertilización en este cultivar.
Saberes campesinos en acción de y para la paz cotidiana
Authors: Rodríguez Suárez Miguel Antonio
Published: January 2025

El artículo presenta los saberes campesinos en acción para la paz cotidiana en las veredas Hinche Alto e Hinche Bajo del municipio de La Palma, en Cundinamarca (Colombia). La investigación se realizó entre el 2019 y el 2023 a través de la sistematización de experiencias desde una perspectiva epistemológica descolonial. Los saberes campesinos en acción identificados son de vigorización cultural y de posibilidades educativas y relacionales en perspectiva de género. Para finalizar, se referencian algunas amenazas que aún se vislumbran para alcanzar la paz cotidiana en el territorio.
Continuidades y transformaciones de los significados en torno al género, socializados en el ámbito familiar a través del juego infantil
Authors: Morales Torres Maritza Dianey
Published: January 2025

Este artículo resulta de una investigación que analiza continuidades y transformaciones en los significados de la identidad de género entre generaciones, socializados a través de juegos de niñas y niños entre 5 y 10 años en el entorno familiar. Se estudiaron seis familias nucleares residentes en Bogotá, mediante relatos de vida. El hallazgo principal señala que los significados atribuidos a la identidad de género y transmitidos a través del juego experimentaron cambios sutiles, a pesar de las transformaciones del contexto generacional. Esto como resultado de la persistencia de la ficción de género, profundamente arraigada en la cultura y reflejada en los cuerpos.
Estructura social y Ley de Origen Wayuu. Caso comunidad indígena de Santa Rosa, Manaure, La Guajira, 2012-2018
Authors: Mercado Epieyu Rafael Segundo
Published: January 2025

La Ley de Origen Wayuu es un sistema normativo ancestral que rige la vida de la comunidad y su relación con la naturaleza, la espiritualidad y las normas sociales. Según esta ley, los Wayuu saben que su origen proviene de las enseñanzas de sus ancestros, quienes les transmitieron el respeto por la tierra, el agua, el viento y los animales. Esta ley establece pautas para la convivencia, la protección del territorio y el respeto por los mayores y la comunidad. La estructura social y la Ley de Origen Wayuu se complementan para garantizar la preservación de la cultura, los valores y el equilibrio en la comunidad Wayuu, siempre en armonía con su entorno y tradiciones, siendo la mujer quien ha heredado la virtud de darles continuidad a las e´irukuu (clanes maternos) al igual que a los saberes ancestrales y los comparte con el resto de integrantes de la comunidad. Sin embargo, la vida Wayuu ha sido profundamente afectada por conocimientos y prácticas, ajenos a su cosmogonía, derivados de entes foráneos que les desconocen. Dicho estado de cosas requiere cambios en los cuales la participación comunitaria vinculante de la comunidad Wayuu es fundamental.
Caracterização dos feminismos negros
Authors: Lima Dulcilei Conceição
Published: January 2025

Esse artigo busca traçar as principais características do feminismo negro brasileiro desde seu surgimento no final da década de 1970 por meio dos coletivos de mulheres negras até a contemporaneidade onde coletivos de feministas negras estão presentes e atuantes nas redes sociais digitais. A partir da coleta de dados, via formulários online, grupos focais e da utilização do método da Análise de Conteúdo, o artigo apresenta as formas de organização, pautas, estratégias, referências mobilizadas por feministas negras contemporâneas cuja atuação ocorre principalmente em redes sociais como Facebook e o extinto Twitter. A análise dos dados revelou que o feminismo negro em atuação nas redes sociais mantém grande parte das pautas e princípios que nortearam a geração que o precedeu, mas apresenta aspectos próprios como a distinção em dois diferentes segmentos, a produção e difusão de conhecimento como uma diretriz fundamental, e ainda a incorporação de pautas LGBTQIA+.
A Pilot Study of Obesity Management: Contributions of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy to Stress, Anxiety, and Emotional Eating
Authors: Porto Andressa Paiva , Rabelo Livia Nascimento , Batista do Nascimento Ezequiel
Published: January 2025

Objetive. Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) is a group approach that assesses the interconnections between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a group setting. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a CBGT protocol focused on emotion regulation, in reducing emotional reactivity and its potential impact on components of emotion-driven eating behaviors. Method. Twenty participants underwent an 8-week intervention, with half receiving psychoeducational intervention and the other half receiving CBGT with a focus on emotional regulation. We used questionnaires to assess anxiety and eating behavior, and we measured psychophysiological changes through cortisol levels and heart rate variability. Results. After six weeks, the CBGT group had lower scores for emotional and uncontrolled eating, along with an increase in parasympathetic modulation and a decrease in cortisol levels. These results suggest that CBGT may hold potential for improving emotional regulation and reducing emotion-based eating behavior; however, further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
LA PRESCRIPCIÓN EN EL PROCESO ADMINISTRATIVO DISCIPLINARIO
Authors: Gamboa Adrián , Vidaurre Germán
Published: January 2025

La necesidad de brindar seguridad jurídica a la parte demandada en el proceso disciplinario, así como la claridad requerida por el órgano instructor de dicho procedimiento, hacen de la prescripción no solo una defensa, sino una figura jurídica de profunda importancia, la cual en reiteradas ocasiones es desconocida o dejada de lado, pues se pretende resolver el conflicto existente por medio del contradictorio. Por esto, el análisis de esta figura deviene en necesario, recalcando las generalidades que permanecen a través de los distintos regímenes sancionatorios y destacando las peculiaridades presentes en leyes especiales.
LA ACCIÓN ITERATIVA EN EL DERECHO PENAL
Authors: Salas Porras Ricardo
Published: January 2025

En las siguientes páginas se abordará el tema de la acción iterativa, la unidad natural de acción, la unidad legal, la infracción única y la pluralidad de infracciones. La acción iterativa, que es la que se realiza mediante actos homogéneos, sucesivos y equivalentes, cada uno de los cuales llena el tipo penal, constituye una única acción y, salvo que haya pluralidad de víctimas en bienes personalísimos, una única ofensa al bien tutelado.
Reconstrucción del discurso social sobre la desigualdad en Costa Rica, 2014-2022
Authors: Carballo Chaves Pablo
Published: January 2025

En este artículo se continúa la reflexión sobre la desigualdad social en Costa Rica desde la categoría del discurso social, a partir de una estrategia metodológica cualitativa. Desde esta categoría se reconstruye, a partir de grupos narrativos (la élite de gobierno, la oposición parlamentaria y los sindicatos), lo que se ha venido creando sobre la desigualdad social en función de sus interacciones. El análisis se centra en cuatro períodos de gobierno que van desde 2006 hasta el 2022, en los cuales dos partidos políticos han estado en el gobierno, cada uno de manera consecutiva, estos son: el Partido Liberación Nacional y el Partido Acción Ciudadana. Para esta segunda parte del estudio se considera el periodo de 2014-2022, y recuperando lo trabajado en la primera parte. Entre las conclusiones más importantes están el papel de la desigualdad social en la creación de un clima de injusticia que ha permitidoque surjan nuevas élites de gobierno, así como nuevos líderes sociales, entre los que ha aparecido un liderazgo conservador religioso reclamando presencia sociopolítica.
EL CONSENTIMIENTO INFORMADO COMO GARANTE Y PROTECTOR DE LA AUTONOMÍA INQUEBRANTABLE DEL PACIENTE
Authors: Vásquez Barrantes Melannya
Published: January 2025

El consentimiento informado es un elemento fundamental en la relación médico-paciente, ya que garantiza el respeto a la autonomía y los derechos del paciente. En Costa Rica, este principio ético y legal ha sido reconocido y fortalecido a través de normativas y jurisprudencia que promueven su aplicación en todos los ámbitos de la atención médica. El presente artículo examina en detalle el concepto de consentimiento informado, su importancia en la práctica médica costarricense, los elementos que lo componen y los desafíos que aún persisten en su implementación efectiva, como se pudo ver a luz de la pandemia que recién azotó al mundo.
LA CUESTIÓN DEL ERROR EN LOS DELITOS DE OMISIÓN
Authors: Tavares Juarez
Published: January 2025

El artículo aborda el tratamiento del error en los delitos de omisión, desde la perspectiva de una acción performativa, con el fin de tener en cuenta las relaciones empíricas y normativas que sostienen los tipos penales. A diferencia de los delitos comisivos, que suelen verse desde el ángulo de una relación entre medio y fin, los delitos omisivos, que previamente vinculan la conducta a un deber de actuar, pero que deben configurarse sobre una relación causal, por imposición del propio Código Penal, implican otra estructura para los errores de tipo y de prohibición bajo el supuesto de una explicación propia de la dogmática causal. A la vista de ello, puede decirse que este error no es simplemente un error de tipo o de prohibición, sino un error de injusto.
BIOBANCOS, PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS GENÉTICOS Y ASPECTOS PENALES EN COSTA RICA.
Authors: Cirroti García Paolo
Published: January 2025

Los biobancos son entes que almacenan recursos biológicos, incluyendo muestras de material humano, para fines de investigación. Producto de la emisión del decreto ejecutivo que avala su funcionamiento, existe la necesidad de establecer atribuciones y límites legales específicos para su operación en Costa Rica, desde el Derecho a la Protección de Datos y Autodeterminación Informativa, analizado las particularidades propias del genoma humano, que exigen una protección especial para evitar discriminación y excesos.
King Pyrrhus in the West: In the footsteps of Agathocles
Authors: Sánchez Fernando López
Published: January 2025

Though in some instances they behaved simply as the preservers of established states, Hellenistic kings were in general businesslike kingdom-builders and in the West, no other general or king is as deserving as Pyrrhus (307–272 BC) of the reputation of being an energetic soldier throughout his life. Even if he is viewed positively as an entrepreneurial king, though, his campaigns have often been characterised in ancient and in modern literature as mere “adventures” and this has resulted in his operations in Italy and Sicily being almost unanimously regarded as failures, and his eventual coming back to the Balkans in keeping with the inevitable return of all the mercenary nostoi of the age. There is, however, an alternative prism through which we can view Pyrrhus' war efforts in Italy and Sicily and his arrival to the Epirote kingdom: his actions in Italy and Sicily were essential for securing his own greatness in the West and the interests of both Tarentum and Syracuse, both movements inspired by the final period of Agathocles' tyranny (317–289 BC).

This article will focus on the true meaning of Pyrrhus' Syracusan basileia, not only in Sicily but in Italy too, and consider the extent to which his actions were determined by the immediate precedent set by Agathocles. Rather than viewing them as two separate events, it will also investigate the interconnection between Pyrrhus' period sin southern Italy and Sicily. It was the same need to minimise the power of both Carthage and Rome that lay behind his operations in both regions, and the control of the vital straits of Messina and Otranto were key objectives for the cities of Syracuse and Tarentum, respectively.
Ecofriendly chromatographic method for the separation and quantification of vonoprazan fumarate, a novel potassium competitive acid blocker with amoxicillin and clarithromycin which are effective in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Ali Noha A.M. , El-Gindy Alaa El-Din M.A. , Wahba Mary Elias Kamel , Mostafaa Aziza E.
Published: January 2025

This work developed and validated a new UV-HPLC method for the separation and quantification of vonoprazan fumarate (VNP), amoxicillin (AMX), and clarithromycin (CLM), together in a ternary mixture and in laboratory-prepared tablets. A C18 column and a delightful 70:30 blend of 0.05 M KH2PO4 buffer pH 6 and acetonitrile were used as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.5 mL min−1, while the wavelength of detection was 254 nm. Linear concentration ranges of (1.0–10.0 μg mL−1) vonoprazan fumarate, (1.0–125.0 μg mL−1) amoxicillin, and (25.0–1,200 μg mL−1) clarithromycin resulted in 0.061, 0.6213, and 7.302 μg mL−1 detection levels and 0.1849, 0.845, and 22.127 μg mL−1 quantification values for VNP, AMX, and CLM, respectively. The greenness of this method was evaluated using the National Environmental Methods Index assessment (NEMI), analytical Eco-scale Assessment (ESA) tool, Green Analytical Procedure Index assessment (GAPI), and Analytical Greenness metric assessment (AGREE), which authenticated the method to be eco-friendly. This method, which was systematically validated and used also to calculate the concentration of the three drugs in their dosage forms, showed high accuracy and precision. Additionally, it produced peaks that were clearly separated and resolved, demonstrating its robustness and specificity.
First records of the genus Pyrolirion Herb. (Liliopsida, Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae) in Ecuador
Authors: Oleas Nora H. , Jost Lou , Zambrano C. Ricardo , Guzmán Torres Cristian , Heredia Jorge , Bustamante Martin , Romero-Saltos Hugo , Moreno-Armijos María Paulina , Meerow Alan W. , Quintana Catalina
Published: January 2025

We report for the first time in Ecuador the small plant genus Pyrolirion Herb. (Amaryllidaceae). We identify several Ecuadorian populations of Pyrolirion tubiflorum (L’Hér.) M. Roem. located in four provinces along the Ecuadorian Andes. This species has been previously recorded in Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. An updated description of P. tubiflorum is provided, along with detailed photographs of some of the Ecuadorian examples of the species.
Optimizing pulsed electric field and high-power ultrasound treatments to preserve anthocyanin stability and physicochemical quality in stored strawberry juice
Authors: Bebek Markovinović Anica , Stulić Višnja , Putnik Predrag , Janči Tibor , Pavlić Branimir , Milošević Sanja , Herceg Zoran , Khaneghah Amin Mousavi , Bursać Kovačević Danijela
Published: January 2025

This study presents a novel approach to preserving the quality of strawberry juice through the innovative combination (hurdle) of pulsed electric field (PEF) and high-power ultrasound (HPU) treatments. The objective was to evaluate the impact of various PEF (30 kV/cm, 100 Hz, 1.5-4.5 min) and HPU (25% amplitude, 50% pulse, 2.5-7.5 min) treatments on anthocyanin stability, color, and physicochemical properties (conductivity, browning index, dissolved oxygen, and hydroxymethylfurfural content) during 7-day storage at 4°C. Our findings reveal that storage significantly influenced anthocyanin content, physicochemical properties, and color. The combined PEF (3 min) and HPU (2.5-7 min) treatments markedly enhanced anthocyanin stability compared to the control samples. Importantly, this combined non-thermal treatment approach significantly affected all studied parameters except for hydroxymethylfurfural content. Optimal anthocyanin content was achieved with a PEF treatment of 2.19 min and an HPU treatment of 7.48 min over 7 days of storage, while minimal color changes were observed with PEF (3.14 min) + HPU (7.50 min). This study demonstrates the potential of combining PEF and HPU as a feasible and effective strategy for processing functional strawberry juices, ensuring anthocyanin stability and desirable physicochemical properties.
Solidarity in social insurance on the example of the Polish pension system
Authors: Zieleniecki Marcin
Published: January 2025

The author examines social solidarity and its role in social insurance, focusing on Poland’s reformed pension system. Key aspects analyzed include pension financing methods, risk structure, eligibility conditions, and benefit calculations. The 1999 reform significantly reduced the system’s redistributive function, yet traces of this function persist. One example is the guarantee of a minimum pension, financed by the state budget, which reflects societal solidarity rather than solidarity within the insured risk community. The system also redistributes funds between pensioners who exceed or fall short of the average life expectancy at retirement. The author concludes that the reformed pension system retains its insurance character. While social insurance includes an element of benefit equalization, granting relatively higher benefits to low earners, this is applied selectively to alleviate economic disparities. Full equivalence between contributions and benefits does not negate the system’s insurance nature.
Influence of residuals on Cook’s distance for Beta regression model: Simulation and application
Authors: Ahmad Khan Javaria , Akbar Atif , Kibria B M Golam
Published: January 2025

Cook’s distance is one of the renowned and classic tools for the detection of influential observations. In this article, we propose to use Cook’s distance with different residuals in the Beta regression model, which is appropriate for modeling the response variable that undertakes a proportion data set. The influence of outlying observations on the basis of its estimated parameters and mean squared error is examined, and performance of residuals is compared. Based on the simulation results and the empirical application, it is observed that the performance of the deviation and weighted residuals is better than that of the rest of the residuals for the detection of influential observations. The observations deleted by the deviance residuals have a large impact on the regression coefficients and on the mean squared error for the Beta regression model.
Frost resistance prediction of recycled aggregate concrete based on supervised algorithms
Authors: Kang Tianbei , Liang Yu , Li Yanfeng , Liang Yibo , Zhou Jinghai
Published: January 2025

The frost resistance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is a crucial performance indicator in its engineering application. Considering the complexity of factors that affect the frost resistance of RAC, this study employed five neural network algorithms, Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Radial Basis Function Network (RBFNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest Regressor (RFR), along with two optimizations methods, Particle Swarm Optimation-Back Propagation (PSO-BPNN) and Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation (GA-BPNN) to predict the frost resistance of RAC. A database was compiled from 616 mixes in peer-reviewed literature, with 8 variables affecting the freeze-thaw resistance of RAC were taken as inputs. The compressive strength, mass loss rate, and relative dynamic elastic modulus after freeze-thaw cycles were taken as outputs. The results show that the main factors affecting the freezing resistance of RAC were the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the replacement rate of recycled aggregates, crushing index and water-cement ratio. Among the seven algorithms, PSO-BPNN model has the best comprehensive prediction performance, with R2 of predicted compressive strength reaching 0.9714. It provides reference value for further research on RAC frost resistance.
The Art of Market Research: “How to understand and conquer your customers”
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Romero Haddad Celene , De la Puente Katia Inés , Coavas Blanquicet Sami Gabriel
Published: January 2025

This lecture note emphasizes the value of market research and how to use it to create profitable business ideas. It specifically covers the value of comprehending customers and the measures required to achieve so. Additionally, the various approaches of market research, both quantitative and qualitative, are discussed along with their benefits and drawbacks. It also highlights the various market segmentation techniques, such as regional and demographic segmentation, and how competition analysis and market demand may aid a business in creating a successful marketing plan.
Groundwater quality assessment in the Breede area, Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Matjiane Pontsho Makonko  , Francois Wewers
Published: January 2025

Groundwater is an essential part of food and water security. This critical resource must be managed appropriately and used sustainably. This study aimed to assess groundwater quality, suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes, and factors contributing to the groundwater chemistry, in the Breede Water Management Area (WMA), Western Cape, South Africa. Groundwater samples were collected and analysed for major ions such as K+, Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, NO3-, F-, SO42− and physical variables like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and temperature. Water quality index (WQI), total hardness (TH), South African Water Quality Guidelines (SAWQG) and World Health Organisation (WHO) drinking water quality guidelines were used to assess suitability for drinking purposes. Permeability index (PI), magnesium hardness (MH), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%) and graphical representations such as Wilcox and United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram were used to assess suitability for irrigation purposes. Multivariate statistical analysis and the Piper diagram were used to determine the geochemical processes influencing the groundwater quality. TH and WQI revealed that, overall, groundwater in Breede WMA is soft and suitable for drinking. The irrigation suitability indices showed that groundwater is suitable for irrigation, with the exception of a few sites that are doubtful. The dominating water type in the area is Na-Cl, followed by mixed Ca-Mg-Cl. Multivariate statistical methods revealed that the groundwater is affected by the dissolution of rock salts, calcite dissolution, cation exchange and agricultural activities.  The overall groundwater in the Breede Water Management Area is suitable for domestic purposes.  Water in the boreholes along the coastal area and Borehole W1 must be treated before domestic and irrigation use. There must be consistent groundwater quality monitoring in Breede to identify changes in groundwater quality.
Clarifying Gender Differences in Psychological Skills and Aggression among University Athletes: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Indicators between Individuals from Delhi and Baghdad
Authors: Abiyra Ahmad Jabbar , Tiwari Sandeep , Tiwari Sandhya , Haq Mir Ahsan Ul
Published: January 2025

Background. Psychological skills and aggression are pivotal in athletic performance, influenced by both gender and cultural contexts. These factors are shaped by individual differences and cultural influences, they are essential to the development and use of these skills by athletes in sports.
Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in psychological skills and aggression levels across gender and university, providing insights into the psychological profiles of athletes within distinct cultural contexts.
Materials and Methods. The study involved 300 athletes from the University of Delhi, India, and the University of Baghdad, Iraq, aged 18 to 30 years. Each university contributed 150 athletes, evenly divided by gender (75 males and 75 females). The participants were selected using non-probability quota and purposive sampling methods. Psychological skills were assessed using the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS), while aggression levels were measured with the Sports Aggression Questionnaire. Data collection occurred in a controlled environment under the supervision of trained researchers. Statistical analyses included a two-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients, utilizing SPSS software.
Results. Significant differences in psychological skills and aggression levels were observed across universities and genders. According to the results obtained, University of Delhi athletes showed higher psychological skills (PS: 154.83 ± 18.50) compared to University of Baghdad athletes (PS: 109.83 ± 26.05). Furthermore, male athletes from Delhi exhibited greater aggression (44.41 ± 10.35) than their Baghdad counterparts (37.93 ± 4.20). A two-way ANOVA revealed that player type significantly influenced psychological skills (F = 300.47, p = 0.01) and aggression (F = 71.54, p = 0.01). Gender also significantly impacted Anxiety Control (F = 8.64, p = 0.01) and Foul Play (F = 4.94, p = 0.05). A weak positive correlation (r = 0.284, p = 0.01) was identified between psychological skills and aggression, suggesting a slight tendency for increased psychological skills to correspond with higher aggression levels.
Conclusions. These findings underscore the importance of considering both gender and university context when evaluating psychological skills and aggression in athletes. The insights derived from this study can inform the development of targeted training and support strategies to enhance athlete performance and well-being.
Considering the Effects of Upper Body, Lower Body, and Their Combination on Post-Activation Performance Enhancement of Bowling Velocity Among Amateur Cricket Players
Authors: Sarmah Bhargav , Bordoloi Nishanta , Narvariya Pushpendra , Thapa Rohit Kumar
Published: January 2025

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effects of post-activation performance enhancement on bowling velocity among amateur cricket players using multiple interventions as conditioning activities focusing on the upper body, lower body, and a combination of both.
Materials and methods. Eight amateur cricket bowlers were recruited for the study and, in a randomized crossover manner, allocated to conditioning activities aimed at the upper body (i.e., 10 pull-ups + 6 wall ball slams), lower body (i.e., 10 air squats + 6 broad jumps), or both (5 pull-ups + 3 wall ball slams combined with 5 air squats + 3 broad jumps). The bowling velocity was measured at baseline and after one minute and four minutes of completing the intervention.
Results. The findings indicate no significant improvement (p = 0.939) in ball velocity compared to the control condition after the three experimental conditions. However, post-hoc results showed a substantial decrease in bowling velocity after one minute.
Conclusions. In conclusion, conditioning activities using pull-ups and wall ball slams for the upper body, air squats, and broad jumps for the lower body, or their combination, do not induce post-activation performance enhancement during cricket bowling.
Analyzing the Effect of Dancesport on Reducing Menopausal Symptoms and Increasing Quality of Life
Authors: Kumaat Noortje Anita , Sulistyarto Soni , Dewi Ratna Candra , Wahyudi Heri , Sulistyana Caturia Sasti , Susanto Nugroho , Eken Ozgur , Purwoto Septyaningrum Putri
Published: January 2025

Background. The increasing popularity of dancesport is being observed worldwide, with Indonesia also embracing this trend. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of data to establish if dancesport can help with menopausal symptoms and enhance quality of life.
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 12-week dancesport program on decreasing menopausal symptoms and improving quality of life.
Materials and methods. A quasi-experimental design was used with a pretest-posttest method. The study included 30 women who had gone through menopause and were between the ages of 54 and 63. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life, and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was employed to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms. The program involved a 12-week dance course, meeting twice a week for 60 minutes per session, including cha-cha, salsa, rumba, hip-hop, and waltz dances. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24, beginning with descriptive statistics, then progressing to normality testing using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and finally paired samples t-tests.
Results. The findings indicated a noteworthy influence of the 12-week dancesport intervention on menopausal symptoms and quality of life, with a significance level of 0.000 (< 0.05).
Conclusions. The study found that dancesport is beneficial for postmenopausal women by improving symptoms and quality of life, suggesting further research into the impact of these programs on men experiencing andropause-related changes.
Assessing Gender Dimorphism Indicators in Anthropometric Characteristics and Features of the Bony Pelvis of Female Representatives of Pair and Group Types in Sports Acrobatics
Authors: Bachynska Nataliia Veronika , Doroshenko Eduard , Svatiev Andrii , Bohuslavskyi Victor
Published: January 2025

Objectives. The study aimed to examine individual anthropometric indicators, focusing on the bony pelvis size in female acrobats of various roles during the puberty and youth age, as well as in persons who do not engage in playing sports.
Materials and methods. The sports qualifications of female acrobats were sub-elite and elite athletes. The study population comprised 32 athletes having appropriate positions — top, middle, and bottom: (12 female acrobats performing their roles at the top, 20 female acrobats performing their roles in the middle and at the bottom). Girls of the same age categories (12-15 and 16-23 years old) who did not engage in playing sports (control group 1 and 2) also took part in the study. The research methods employed included the measurements of body length (cm), body weight (kg), shoulder width (cm), determination of body mass index (conventional unit); pelvimetry was performed to detect the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the bony pelvis, as well as the degree of maturity of the pelvic bones using the index of pelvic bone (IPB). The methods of mathematical statistics were used to gain a comprehensive understanding of the data.
Results. A comparative analysis was conducted to identify the differences between female acrobats aged 12-15 years old and performing their roles at the top, female acrobats aged 16-23 years old and performing their roles in the middle and at the bottom, and control groups of the same age categories. The analysis revealed the presence of changes in morphofunctional indicators of the bony pelvis below the normative values during the study.
Conclusions. Morphological criteria of sexual dimorphism were found in female acrobats, namely: in the indicators of shoulder width and bony pelvis. These processes can be regarded as adaptive, occurring under the influence of physical and psychological training, as well as competitive loads of high intensity.