bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast Atmospheric Response to a Cold Oceanic Mesoscale Patch in the North‐Western Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Acquistapace C. , Meroni A. N. , Labbri G. , Lange D. , Späth F. , Abbas S. , Bellenger H.
Published: October 2022

Low‐level clouds over the tropical and sub‐tropical oceans play a crucial role in the planetary radiative energy budget. However, they are challenging to model in climate simulations because they are affected by local processes that are still partially unknown. The control that mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) structures have on the dynamics of the lower atmosphere on daily scales is emerging to be non‐negligible and calls for more effort to be understood. During the EUREC4A field campaign, two of the research vessels (R/Vs) involved in the experiment sampled the edge of a cold mesoscale SST patch in the north‐western tropical Atlantic, crossing a gradient of roughly 0.75°C/100 km. The comprehensive set of instruments carried by the R/Vs allows an unprecedented characterization of the atmospheric response to the cold water forcing. The cold ocean patch weakens the vertical atmospheric mixing, reducing the boundary layer depth of roughly 200 m and the horizontal wind intensity of approximately 3 m s−1. At the same time, the humidity content in the sub‐cloud layer increases and these conditions decrease the latent heat flux (by roughly 80 W m−2) and reduce vertical velocity fluctuations, making it less likely that moisture exceeds the lifting condensation level. As a consequence, fewer and thinner low‐level clouds form over cold water. Independent satellite measurements are found to agree with the in situ observations. The observed link between sea temperature and low‐level clouds highlights its importance in the puzzle of modeling the sea‐air‐cloud interactions.
Abrupt Change in the Lower Thermospheric Mean Meridional Circulation During Sudden Stratospheric Warmings and Its Impact on Trace Species
Authors: Orsolini Yvan J. , Zhang Jiarong , Limpasuvan Varavut
Published: October 2022

Based on the hourly output from the 2000–2014 simulations of the National Center for Atmospheric Research's vertically extended version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model in specified dynamics configuration, we examine the roles of planetary waves (PWs), gravity waves, and atmospheric tides in driving the mean meridional circulation (MMC) in the lower thermosphere (LT) and its response to the sudden stratospheric warming phenomenon with an elevated stratopause in the northern hemisphere. Sandwiched between the two summer‐to‐winter overturning circulations in the mesosphere and the upper thermosphere, the climatological LT MMC is a narrow gyre that is characterized by upwelling in the middle winter latitudes, equatorward flow near 120 km, and downwelling in the middle and high summer latitudes. Following the onset of the sudden stratospheric warmings, this gyre reverses its climatological direction, resulting in a “chimney‐like” feature of un‐interrupted polar descent from the altitude of 150 km down to the upper mesosphere. This reversal is driven by the westward‐propagating PWs, which exert a brief but significant westward forcing between 70 and 125 km, exceeding gravity wave and tidal forcings in that altitude range. The attendant polar descent potentially leads to a short‐lived enhanced transport of nitric oxide into the mesosphere (with excess in the order of 1 parts per million), while carbon dioxide is decreased.
Visualization of estimated prevalence of CES-D positivity accounting for background factors and AIS scores
Authors: Matsuyama Takashi , Narita Akira , Takanashi Masaki , Kogure Mana , Sato Shuichi , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nakane Hideo , Ogishima Soichi , Nagami Fuji , Nakaya Naoki , Tanno Kozo , Imaeda Takao , Hozawa Atsushi
Published: October 2022

Development of methods for population screening is necessary to improve the efficiency of secondary prevention of diseases. Until now, a common cutoff has been used for all people in the data set. However, if big data for health information can be used to modify individual cutoffs according to background factors, it may avoid wasting medical resources. Here we show that the estimated prevalence of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale positivity can be visualized by a heatmap using background factors from epidemiological big data and scores from the Athens Insomnia Scale. We also show that cutoffs based on the estimated prevalence can be used to decrease the number of people screened without decreasing the number of prevalent cases detected. Since this method can be applied to the screening of different outcomes, we believe our work can contribute to the development of efficient screening methods for various diseases.
Self-reported visual impairment and sarcopenia among older people in Cameroon
Authors: Metanmo Salvatore , Kuate-Tegueu Callixte , Gbessemehlan Antoine , Dartigues Jean-Francois , Ntsama Marie-Josiane , Nguegang Yonta Laurella , Kengne Andre-Pascal , Simo-Tabue Nadine , Tabue-Teguo Maturin
Published: October 2022

Aging has been clearly associated with decline in visual and physical performance. Alteration of visual function is associated with negative health outcomes including physical frailty. We assessed the relationship between Visual Impairment (VI) and sarcopenia in older persons in Cameroon. In a cross-sectional survey conducted in Douala in 2019, sarcopenia was assessed using the SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery) test scored from 0 to 12. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on SPPB test score < 9 while VI was self-reported. Of the 403 participants (50.4% male) with a mean age of 67.1 (± 6.2) years, 356 (88.3%) reported a VI while the prevalence of sarcopenia was 47.9% [95% CI 43.0–52.7]. After adjusting for several factors, VI was significantly associated with sarcopenia (OR 2.66 [95% CI 1.29–5.48]). Of the SPPB subtests, only chair stand test was negatively associated with VI (β = − 0.45 [95% CI − 0.82 to 0.07]). Our study supports an association between VI and sarcopenia. If confirmed by further cohort studies, this result would suggest that VI could be considered as an early indicator of sarcopenia among older people in sub-Saharan Africa.
Melatonin inhibits muscular-mucosal stretch-sensitive bladder afferents via the MT2 receptors
Authors: Ramsay Stewart , Zagorodnyuk Vladimir
Published: October 2022

Melatonin is a circadian rhythm regulator capable of controlling a variety of physiological processes in the body. It predominantly acts via the melatonin 1 (MT1) and MT2 receptors expressed in the CNS neurons and peripheral organs and tissues. Melatonin can modulate urinary bladder function, however, to date it is not known if melatonin can regulate activity of sensory neurons innervating the bladder. Bladder afferents play an important role in urine storage and voiding. Therefore, this study aims to determine if melatonin can regulate mechanosensitivity of 2 major classes of sensory neurons in the guinea pig bladder: stretch-insensitive mucosal and low threshold stretch-sensitive muscular-mucosal afferents. The effects of melatonin on the mechanosensitivity of mucosal and muscular-mucosal afferents were measured ex vivo using single unit extracellular recording. Melatonin did not affect the responses of mucosal afferents to stroking of their receptive fields but did concentration-dependently, significantly inhibit 69% of muscular-mucosal afferents responses to stroking and bladder stretch. This inhibitory effect was not affected by the MT1 receptor antagonist, S26131 but was blocked by the selective MT2 receptor antagonists, K-185 and 4-P-PDOT. Forskolin significantly potentiated the responses of muscular-mucosal afferents to stroking and stretch, which were prevented by melatonin. These findings demonstrate a direct inhibitory effect of melatonin on the mechanosensitivity of low threshold stretch-sensitive muscular-mucosal bladder afferents acting via MT2 receptors, which is independent from its action on detrusor muscle. This may have important clinical implications for the treatment of many common bladder disorders including nocturia.
Biaxial tensile test and meso damage numerical simulation of HTPB propellant
Authors: Wang Qizhou , Wang Guang , Wang Zhejun , Qiang Hongfu , Wang Xueren , Li Shiqi , Zhu Zhaojun
Published: October 2022

Aiming at the shortcomings of the current research on the mechanical properties of solid propellants under complex stress conditions, an effective cross-shaped test piece configuration and variable-scale biaxial tensile test method are designed in this paper, and the meso-simulation model of propellant is constructed by Micro-CT test and random filling algorithm. Then, based on the Hook-Jeeves method and the cohesive force model, the mechanical performance parameters of each mesoscopic component were obtained, and finally the damage evolution process of the propellant was numerically simulated. The results show that the stress–strain curve of the propellant under biaxial loading is similar to that of uniaxial stretching, and has obvious rate dependence and stress state dependence. The mechanical properties of the propellant under biaxial tensile loading are significantly lower than those in uniaxial stretching, and the maximum elongation is only 45–85% of that in uniaxial stretching. The fracture process of propellant can be divided into initial linear stage, damage evolution stage and fracture stage. The dewetting phenomenon generally occurs at the interface between the large-sized AP particles and the matrix. With the loading of the load, the pores formed by the dewetting and matrix tearing continue to converge into cracks and expand in the direction perpendicular to the resultant force, and finally fracture. The propellant dehumidifies more easily under high strain rate loading, but the degree of dewetting is lower when the same strain is reached.
Quantification anomalies in single pulse LA-ICP-MS analysis associated with laser fluence and beam size
Authors: Jerše Ana , Mervič Kristina , van Elteren Johannes Teun , Šelih Vid Simon , Šala Martin
Published: October 2022

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has undergone major improvements in recent years which have led to reduction of the analysis time, higher spatial resolution, and better sensitivity.
Insights into reaction mechanisms of ethanol electrooxidation at the Pt/Au(111) interfaces using density functional theory
Authors: Sheng Tian , Wu Han-Yue , Lin Xiao , Lin Wen-Feng
Published: October 2022

Understanding ethanol electrooxidation reaction kinetics is fundamental to the development of direct ethanol fuel cells.
Effects of orbital angles on the modeling of conjugated systems with curvature
Authors: Han Yanbo , Li Mengyang , Zhao Xiang
Published: October 2022

Models with angle corrections give well predictions of both neutral and charged fullerenes. The integrals of nonparallel orbitals explain why angle features of designed and deep-learning models are necessary to describe conjugated systems.
Exploring high-efficiency electrocatalysts of metal-doped two-dimensional C4N for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions by first-principles screening
Authors: Chen Xin , Liu Qifang , Zhang Hui , Zhao Xiuyun
Published: October 2022

The HER/ORR/OER on 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metal doped C4N are studied using DFT methods.
Functional groups in graphene oxide
Authors: Khine Yee Yee , Wen Xinyue , Jin Xiaoheng , Foller Tobias , Joshi Rakesh
Published: October 2022

Graphene oxide consists of diverse surface chemistry which allows tethering GO with additional functionalities and tuning its intrinsic properties. This review summarizes recently advanced methods to covalently modify GO for specific applications.
Green synthesis of hybrid papain/Ni3(PO4)2 rods electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Biswas Rathindranath , Singh Harjinder , Patil Ranjit A. , Varshney Rohit , Patra Debabrata , Ma Yuan-Ron , Haldar Krishna Kanta
Published: October 2022

An eco-friendly approach was used to produce the binary papain/Ni3(PO4)2 in the presence of papain, which is derived from green papaya fruits. Rod shape Papain/Ni3(PO4)2 showed excellent OER activities in alkaline, neutral and acidic media.
Incorporation of a Z-scheme AgI/Ag6Si2O7 heterojunction to PET fabric for efficient and repeatable photocatalytic dye degradation
Authors: Wang Lili , Chen Lei , Tang Mengyao , Jiang Shoujie , Gao Dawei
Published: October 2022

Anchoring the Z-scheme AgI/Ag6Si2O7 photocatalyst on PET fabric facilitates reuse. AgI enhances the separation effect of photogenerated carriers. The photocatalytic activity and stability of AgI/Ag6Si2O7/PET composites are greatly improved.
Theoretical and experimental insights into the properties of donor–σ–acceptor type derivatives of quinoxaline and methanone containing different donor moieties
Authors: Keruckiene R. , Guzauskas M. , Volyniuk D. , Matulis V. E. , Lyakhov D. A. , Grazulevicius J. V.
Published: October 2022

A strategy of fused electron accepting moieties was employed to synthesise a series of donor-substituted quinoxaline–methanone derivatives as red TADF emitters.
Correction: Solid oxide fuel cells for ammonia synthesis and energy conversion
Authors: Goldstein Valentina , Rath Manasa Kumar , Kossenko Alexey , Litvak Natali , Kalashnikov Alexander , Zinigrad Michael
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Solid oxide fuel cells for ammonia synthesis and energy conversion’ by Valentina Goldstein et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2022, 6, 4706–4715, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SE00954D.
Structure of the major oxidative damage 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine presented into a catalytically competent DNA glycosylase
Authors: Schmaltz Lillian F. , Ceniceros Julia E. , Lee Seongmin
Published: October 2022

If left unrepaired, the major oxidative DNA lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (oxoG) promotes G-to-T transversions by favorably adopting a syn conformation and base pairing with dATP during replication. The human oxoG DNA glycosylase hOGG1 senses and removes oxoG amid millions-fold excess of guanine, thereby counteracting the genotoxic effects of the major oxidative damage. Crystal structures of hOGG1 in complex with oxoG-containing DNA have provided key insights into the lesion recognition and catalysis mechanisms of the enzyme. These lesion-recognition complex (LRC) structures typically involve a catalytically inactive hOGG1 mutant, where one of the catalytic-site amino acid residues is mutated to prevent the cleavage of oxoG. The use of a catalytically incompetent hOGG1 mutant has thus precluded understanding of unscathed interactions between oxoG and hOGG1 catalytic site as well as interactions among catalytic-site amino acid residues. As an orthogonal approach to visualize such interactions, we have co-crystallized a catalytically competent hOGG1 bound to 2′-fluoro-oxodG-containing DNA, a transition state destabilizing inhibitor that binds hOGG1 but is not processed by the enzyme. In this fluorinated lesion-recognition complex (FLRC), the 8-oxo moiety of oxoG is recognized by Gly42 and the Watson–Crick edge of oxoG is contacted by Gln315 and Pro266. The previously observed salt bridge between Lys249 and Cys253 is lacking in the FLRC, suggesting Lys249 is primed by Cys253 and poised for nucleophilic attack on C1′ of oxodG. Overall, hOGG1 FLRC marks the first structure of oxoG presented into an intact catalytic site of hOGG1 and provides complementary insights into the glycosylase mechanisms of the enzyme.
Observation and diagnostic application of Kr K-shell emission in magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments at Z
Authors: Clapp J. T. , Mancini R. C. , Harding E. C. , Schaeuble M. A. , Harvey-Thompson A. J.
Published: October 2022

In a series of Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments performed at the Z pulsed power accelerator of Sandia National Laboratories, beryllium liners filled with deuterium gas pressures in the 4–8 atm range and a tracer amount of krypton were imploded. At the collapse of the cylindrical implosion, temperatures in the 1–3 keV range and atom number densities of ∼1023 cm−3 were expected. The plasma was magnetized with a 10 T axial magnetic field. Krypton was added to the fuel for diagnosing implosion plasma conditions. Krypton K-shell line emission was recorded with the CRITR time-integrated transmission crystal x-ray spectrometer. The observation shows n = 2 to n = 1 line emissions in B-, Be-, Li-, and He-like Kr ions and is characteristic of the highest electron temperatures achieved in the thermonuclear plasma. Detailed modeling of the krypton atomic kinetics and radiation physics permits us to interpret the composite spectral feature, and it demonstrates that the spectrum is temperature sensitive. We discuss temperatures extracted from the krypton data analysis for experiments performed with several filling pressures.
Effect of hydrogen on the unintentional doping of 4H silicon carbide
Authors: Huang Yuanchao , Wang Rong , Zhang Naifu , Zhang Yiqiang , Yang Deren , Pi Xiaodong
Published: October 2022

High-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) single crystals are critical semiconductor materials for fabricating GaN-based high-frequency devices. One of the major challenges for the growth of HPSI 4H-SiC single crystals is the unintentional doping of nitrogen (N) and boron (B). The addition of hydrogen has been supposed to mitigate unintentional doping. However, the underlying mechanism has not been well understood. In this work, the role of hydrogen in the growth of HPSI 4H-SiC single crystals is investigated by first-principles formation-energy calculations. We find that the addition of hydrogen significantly mitigates N doping while hardly affecting B doping. Once hydrogen is added, hydrogen may adsorb at the growing surface of 4H-SiC, leading to surface passivation. Since N can react with hydrogen to form stable NH3 (g), the chemical potential of N is reduced, so that the formation energy of N in 4H-SiC increases. Hence, the critical partial pressure of nitrogen required for the growth of HPSI 4H-SiC single crystals increases by two orders of magnitude. Moreover, we reveal that the adjustment of relative B and N doping concentrations has a substantial impact on the Fermi energy of HPSI 4H-SiC. When the doping concentration of N is higher than that of B, N interacts with carbon vacancies (VC) to pin the Fermi energy at Z1/2. When the doping concentration of B is higher than that of N, the Fermi energy is pinned at EH6/7. This explains that the resistivity of unintentionally doped HPSI 4H-SiC may vary.
Solid-state synthesis of UV-plasmonic Cr2N nanoparticles
Authors: Karaballi Reem A. , Monfared Yashar Esfahani , Bicket Isobel C. , Coridan Robert H. , Dasog Mita
Published: October 2022

Materials that exhibit plasmonic response in the UV region can be advantageous for many applications, such as biological photodegradation, photocatalysis, disinfection, and bioimaging. Transition metal nitrides have recently emerged as chemically and thermally stable alternatives to metal-based plasmonic materials. However, most free-standing nitride nanostructures explored so far have plasmonic responses in the visible and near-IR regions. Herein, we report the synthesis of UV-plasmonic Cr2N nanoparticles using a solid-state nitridation reaction. The nanoparticles had an average diameter of 9 ± 5 nm and a positively charged surface that yields stable colloidal suspension. The particles were composed of a crystalline nitride core and an amorphous oxide/oxynitride shell whose thickness varied between 1 and 7 nm. Calculations performed using the finite element method predicted the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for these nanoparticles to be in the UV-C region (100–280 nm). While a distinctive LSPR peak could not be observed using absorbance measurements, low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy showed the presence of surface plasmons between 80 and 250 nm (or ∼5 to 15 eV) and bulk plasmons centered around 50–62 nm (or ∼20 to 25 eV). Plasmonic coupling was also observed between the nanoparticles, resulting in resonances between 250 and 400 nm (or ∼2.5 to 5 eV).
Ferroelectric phase transitions in tensile-strained NaNbO3 epitaxial films probed by in situ x-ray diffraction
Authors: de Oliveira Guimarães Marília , Richter Carsten , Hanke Michael , Bin Anooz Saud , Wang Yankun , Schwarzkopf Jutta , Schmidbauer Martin
Published: October 2022

In this study, in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction was used to investigate a high-temperature phase transition in tensile-strained epitaxial NaNbO3/(110)DyScO3 films. A ferro-to-ferroelectric phase transition was found in the temperature range between 230 and 350 °C, with a very pronounced thermal hysteresis. While at room temperature the well known monoclinic a1a2 in-plane ferroelectric phase is present, here, a slightly disturbed orthorhombic ferroelectric a1/a2 phase with exclusive in-plane polarization was found at high temperatures. This phase appeared in four variants, indicating the occurrence of four types of superdomains. The orthorhombic symmetry and the corresponding domain morphology observed at high temperatures showed a striking similarity to K0.9Na0.1NbO3 thin films grown on a (110) NdScO3 substrate.
Multi-domain physics-informed neural network for solving forward and inverse problems of steady-state heat conduction in multilayer media
Authors: Zhang Benrong , Wu Guozheng , Gu Yan , Wang Xiao , Wang Fajie
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a novel deep learning technique, called multi-domain physics-informed neural network (M-PINN), is presented to solve forward and inverse problems of steady-state heat conduction in multilayer media. By adopting the domain decomposition technique, the multilayer media is first divided into several sub-domains. Then, the fully connected neural network is employed to approximate the temperature field on each sub-domain. Finally, a large total network framework is formed by combining subnetworks of all the mediums and using continuity conditions on interfaces. By training the total network, we can obtain the temperature distribution over the whole computational domain, including the interface between every two mediums. In the proposed method, the boundary conditions are introduced into the loss function, and the governing equation is used as a constrain item, which ensures the accuracy and stability of numerical approximation. As a meshless collocation technology, the M-PINN does not require tedious procedures such as meshing and numerical integration, and can freely address forward and inverse problems of thin body and coating structure. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency and performance of the new method. Results indicate that the Swish and the Sigmoid functions are two better activation functions for such problems. As the number of nodes increases, the number of hidden layers does not need to be increased. Even for the thin film at nanoscale, the M-PINN still obtains accurate results. Moreover, the proposed scheme shows better performance than the traditional boundary element method in solving nonlinear heat conduction problems.
An efficient implementation of the GOSTSHYP pressure model by applying shell-bounding Gaussian 1-electron-3-center integral screening
Authors: Zeller Felix , Berquist Eric , Epifanovsky Evgeny , Neudecker Tim
Published: October 2022

We implemented a screening algorithm for one-electron-three-center overlap integrals over contracted Gaussian-type orbitals into the Q-Chem program package. The respective bounds were derived using shell-bounding Gaussians and the Obara–Saika recurrence relations. Using integral screening, we reduced the computational scaling of the Gaussians On Surface Tesserae Simulate HYdrostatic Pressure (GOSTSHYP) model in terms of calculation time and memory usage to a linear relationship with the tesserae used to discretize the surface area. Further code improvements allowed for additional performance boosts. To demonstrate the algorithm’s better performance, we calculated the compressibility of fullerenes up to C180, where we were originally limited to C40 due to the high RAM usage of GOSTSHYP.
An efficient model for subgrid-scale velocity enrichment for large-eddy simulations of turbulent flows
Authors: Hausmann M. , Evrard F. , van Wachem B.
Published: October 2022

In some applications of large-eddy simulation (LES), in addition to providing a closure model for the subgrid-scale stress tensor, it is necessary to also provide means to approximate the subgrid-scale velocity field. In this work, we derive a new model for the subgrid-scale velocity that can be used in such LES applications. The model consists in solving a linearized form of the momentum equation for the subgrid-scale velocity using a truncated Fourier-series approach. Solving within a structured grid of statistically homogeneous sub-domains enables the treatment of inhomogeneous problems. It is shown that the generated subgrid-scale velocity emulates key properties of turbulent flows, such as the right kinetic energy spectrum, realistic strain–rotation relations, and intermittency. The model is also shown to predict the correct inhomogeneous and anisotropic velocity statistics in unbounded flows. The computational costs of the model are still of the same order as the costs of the LES.
Grid-point and time-step requirements for large-eddy simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes of stratified wakes
Authors: Li Jia-Qi J. L. , Yang Xiang I. A. , Kunz Robert F.
Published: October 2022

Estimates of grid-point and time-step requirements exist for many canonical flows but not for stratified wakes. The purpose of this work is to fill in this gap. We apply the basic meshing principles and estimate the grid-point and time-step requirements for Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) of stratified wake flows at high Reynolds numbers, as arise in many geophysical, aircraft, and undersea vehicle systems. Scales representative of a submarine operating in a stably stratified ocean environment are considered, and the quantitative conclusions reached here can be adapted accordingly for particular applications. For a submarine, typical wake conditions are Re0=108 and Fr0=102, and wakes extend to Nt = 1000, where Re0 and Fr0 are the initial Reynolds number and the internal Froude number of the wake, respectively, and N is the buoyancy frequency. We consider both spatially developing and temporally evolving wakes. We show that the grid points required for LES and RANS do not depend on the Reynolds number. The ratio of the grid points needed for LES and RANS is proportional to (Nt2,LW)2/3, where t2,LW marks the end of the late wake and the end of a computational fluid dynamics calculation. According to the present conservative estimates, 0.36×1012 and 0.7×109 grid points are needed for LES and RANS of a spatially developing wake. The numbers are 8×109 and 3×106 for LES and RANS of a temporally evolving wake.
Decisive points for pregnancy losses in beef cattle
Authors: Smith B. D. , Poliakiwski B. , Polanco O. , Singleton S. , de Melo G. D. , Muntari M. , Oliveira Filho R. V. , Pohler K. G.
Published: October 2022

Beef cattle producers rely on each of their cows to produce a marketable calf each year to maintain a sustainable operation. Within the first month of gestation, pregnancy failures have been recorded to be upwards of 40–50%. From fertilisation to birth, there are numerous factors contributing to pregnancy failure. From the beginning of gestation oocyte competence is often a large factor impacting fertility as the dam contributes all mRNA for initial embryo development. Other factors contributing to early embryonic infertility include hormonal concentration and heat stress. After the embryo enters the uterus, it becomes critical for the uterus to be receptive to the developing conceptus. The embryo then begins to elongate and secrete interferon-tau to initiate maternal recognition of pregnancy; a requirement to establish and maintain bovine pregnancies. After a pregnancy completes these steps, placentation actively begins around day 22 of pregnancy and lasts until organogenesis. The fetal phase follows the embryonic phase where disease and/or toxins are often the cause of pregnancy failure at this period. However, fetal mortality has been reported to occur in less than 10% of pregnancies. Understanding of the many factors influencing infertility needs to be further investigated to increase pregnancy success in beef cattle.
Long noncoding RNA–mediated activation of PROTOR1/PRR5-AKT signaling shunt downstream of PI3K in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Tu Zhenbo , Hu Yi , Raizada Devesh , Bassal Mahmoud A. , Tenen Daniel G. , Karnoub Antoine E.
Published: October 2022

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway represents the most hyperactivated oncogenic pathway in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive tumor subtype encompassing ∼15% of breast cancers and which possesses no targeted therapeutics. Despite critical contributions of its signaling arms to disease pathogenesis, PI3K pathway inhibitors have not achieved expected clinical responses in TNBC, owing largely to a still-incomplete understanding of the compensatory cascades that operate downstream of PI3K. Here, we investigated the contributions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to PI3K activities in clinical and experimental TNBC and discovered a prominent role for LINC01133 as a PI3K-AKT signaling effector. We found that LINC01133 exerted protumorigenic roles in TNBC and that it governed a previously undescribed mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2)–dependent pathway that activated AKT in a PI3K-independent manner. Mechanistically, LINC01133 induced the expression of the mTORC2 component PROTOR1/PRR5 by competitively coupling away its negative messenger RNA (mRNA) regulator, the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1). PROTOR1/PRR5 in turn was sufficient and necessary for LINC01133-triggered functions, casting previously unappreciated roles for this Rictor-binding protein in cellular signaling and growth. Notably, LINC01133 antagonism undermined cellular growth, and we show that the LINC01133-PROTOR1/PRR5 pathway was tightly associated with TNBC poor patient survival. Altogether, our findings uncovered a lncRNA-driven signaling shunt that acts as a critical determinant of malignancy downstream of the PI3K pathway and as a potential RNA therapeutic target in clinical TNBC management.
Speaking in the first-person singular or plural
Authors: Liu Nannan
Published: October 2022

Conventionally, the professional interpreter speaks in the first-person singular. Research in corpus-based discourse analysis has reported shifts from this norm towards first-person plural becoming the most frequent pronoun shift in political institutional interpreting, possibly signalling interpreter ‘alignment with the institution’. Nonetheless, few studies have teased apart the simultaneous constraints of social, cognitive, and linguistic factors on institutional interpreters’ preference for the plural. The present research adopts the usage-based theory to consider the three types of explanations together. It extends recent multivariate methodologies based on this theory to analyse 2,438 first-person cases in parallel interpreting and comparable speech corpora. Following robust context analyses and cross-linguistic prosodic transcription, this study weighs the strengths of 33 associates regarding the three explanations through regression analyses. The results show that first-person shifts are better explained by chunking effects when interpreters process complex forms and referents in the source and target speeches, and when they process zero-subject source inputs. The institutional alignment explanation fails to account for the extensive grammaticalisation of plural constructions in the interpreted speech. When all the interactive and additive effects are considered together, institutional alignment or monofactorial paradigms have little explanatory power. This study concludes by highlighting the relevance of usage-based multifactorial designs to interpreting research.
The politics of literal translation in Soviet Ukraine
Authors: Kolomiyets Lada
Published: October 2022

Nikolai Gogol (Ukrainian: Mykola Hoholʹ) is a notable example of a nineteenth-century Russian author of Ukrainian
origin, whose works in Ukrainian translation have always been and now remain ideologically fraught. This article discusses the
dynamics of translation – from creative stylization to awkward literalism – during the period from the late 1920s to the early
1950s. Later Ukrainian editions of Gogol’s works in the Ukrainian SSR were not substantially different from those published in the
mid-1950s, which indicates that by that time the Soviet model of Ukrainian literary language had been firmly established. It
tended to increasingly merge with Russian, taking the Russian-language writings of Gogol as a model. The study reveals a tension
between Ukrainian national idealism and the Soviet regime’s pragmatic use of language as a means of political propaganda. The
discussion further challenges Russian-to-Ukrainian literalism as a strategy for manufacturing linguistic similarities and
“naturalizing” Russian as the mother tongue.
Electrolyte considerations in targeted temperature management
Authors: Barlow Brooke , Landolf Kaitlin , LaPlante Reid , Cercone Jessica , Kim Ji-Yeon , Ghorashi Sona , Howell Alexandria , Armahizer Michael , Heavner Mojdeh S
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Targeted temperature management (TTM), including normothermia and therapeutic hypothermia, is used primarily for comatose patients with return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest or following neurological injury. Despite the potential benefits of TTM, risks associated with physiological alterations, including electrolyte shifts, may require intervention.

This review describes the normal physiological balance of electrolytes and temperature-related alterations as well as the impact of derangements on patient outcomes, providing general recommendations for repletion and monitoring of key electrolytes, including potassium, phosphate, and magnesium.

Conclusion

Frequent monitoring and consideration of patient variables such as renal function and other risk factors for adverse effects are important areas of awareness for clinicians caring for patients undergoing TTM.
Double administration of self-complementary AAV9NDUFS4 prevents Leigh disease in Ndufs4−/− mice
Authors: Corrà Samantha , Cerutti Raffaele , Balmaceda Valeria , Viscomi Carlo , Zeviani Massimo
Published: October 2022

Leigh disease, or subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, a genetically heterogeneous condition consistently characterized by defective mitochondrial bioenergetics, is the most common oxidative-phosphorylation related disease in infancy. Both neurological signs and pathological lesions of Leigh disease are mimicked by the ablation of the mouse mitochondrial respiratory chain subunit Ndufs4−/−, which is part of, and crucial for, normal Complex I activity and assembly, particularly in the brains of both children and mice. We previously conveyed the human NDUFS4 gene to the mouse brain using either single-stranded adeno-associated viral 9 recombinant vectors or the PHP.B adeno-associated viral vector. Both these approaches significantly prolonged the lifespan of the Ndufs4−/− mouse model but the extension of the survival was limited to a few weeks by the former approach, whereas the latter was applicable to a limited number of mouse strains, but not to primates. Here, we exploited the recent development of new, self-complementary adeno-associated viral 9 vectors, in which the transcription rate of the recombinant gene is markedly increased compared with the single-stranded adeno-associated viral 9 and can be applied to all mammals, including humans. Either single intra-vascular or double intra-vascular and intra-cerebro-ventricular injections were performed at post-natal Day 1. The first strategy ubiquitously conveyed the human NDUFS4 gene product in Ndufs4−/− mice, doubling the lifespan from 45 to ≈100 days after birth, when the mice developed rapidly progressive neurological failure. However, the double, contemporary intra-vascular and intra-cerebroventricular administration of self-complementary-adeno-associated viral NDUFS4 prolonged healthy lifespan up to 9 months of age. These mice were well and active at euthanization, at 6, 7, 8 and 9 months of age, to investigate the brain and other organs post-mortem. Robust expression of hNDUFS4 was detected in different cerebral areas preserving normal morphology and restoring Complex I activity and assembly. Our results warrant further investigation on the translatability of self-complementary-adeno-associated viral 9 NDUFS4-based therapy in the prodromal phase of the disease in mice and eventually humans.
Social cognition deficits and biometric signatures in the behavioural variant of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Singleton Ellen H , Fieldhouse Jay L P , van ’t Hooft Jochum J , Scarioni Marta , van Engelen Marie-Paule E , Sikkes Sietske A M , de Boer Casper , Bocancea Diana I , van den Berg Esther , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M , Papma Janne M , Pijnenburg Yolande A L , Ossenkoppele Rik
Published: October 2022

The behavioural variant of Alzheimer’s disease (bvAD) is characterized by early predominant behavioural changes, mimicking the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), which is characterized by social cognition deficits and altered biometric responses to socioemotional cues. These functions remain understudied in bvAD.

We investigated multiple social cognition components (i.e. emotion recognition, empathy, social norms and moral reasoning), using the Ekman 60 faces test, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, empathy eliciting videos, Social Norms Questionnaire and moral dilemmas, while measuring eye movements and galvanic skin response. We compared 12 patients with bvAD with patients with bvFTD (n = 14), typical Alzheimer’s disease (tAD, n = 13) and individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 13), using ANCOVAs and age- and sex-adjusted post hoc testing.

Patients with bvAD (40.1 ± 8.6) showed lower scores on the Ekman 60 faces test compared to individuals with SCD (49.7 ± 5.0, P < 0.001), and patients with tAD (46.2 ± 5.3, P = 0.05) and higher scores compared to patients with bvFTD (32.4 ± 7.3, P = 0.002). Eye-tracking during the Ekman 60 faces test revealed no differences in dwell time on the eyes (all P > 0.05), but patients with bvAD (18.7 ± 9.5%) and bvFTD (19.4 ± 14.3%) spent significantly less dwell time on the mouth than individuals with SCD (30.7 ± 11.6%, P < 0.01) and patients with tAD (32.7 ± 12.1%, P < 0.01). Patients with bvAD (11.3 ± 4.6) exhibited lower scores on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index compared with individuals with SCD (15.6 ± 3.1, P = 0.05) and similar scores to patients with bvFTD (8.7 ± 5.6, P = 0.19) and tAD (13.0 ± 3.2, P = 0.43). The galvanic skin response to empathy eliciting videos did not differ between groups (all P > 0.05). Patients with bvAD (16.0 ± 1.6) and bvFTD (15.2 ± 2.2) showed lower scores on the Social Norms Questionnaire than patients with tAD (17.8 ± 2.1, P < 0.05) and individuals with SCD (18.3 ± 1.4, P < 0.05). No group differences were observed in scores on moral dilemmas (all P > 0.05), while only patients with bvFTD (0.9 ± 1.1) showed a lower galvanic skin response during personal dilemmas compared with SCD (3.4 ± 3.3 peaks per min, P = 0.01).

Concluding, patients with bvAD showed a similar although milder social cognition profile and a similar eye-tracking signature to patients with bvFTD and greater social cognition impairments and divergent eye movement patterns compared with patients with tAD. Our results suggest reduced attention to salient facial features in these phenotypes, potentially contributing to their emotion recognition deficits.
The cross-domain functional organization of posterior lateral temporal cortex: insights from ALE meta-analyses of 7 cognitive domains spanning 12,000 participants
Authors: Hodgson Victoria J , Lambon Ralph Matthew A , Jackson Rebecca L
Published: October 2022

The posterior lateral temporal cortex is implicated in many verbal, nonverbal, and social cognitive domains and processes. Yet without directly comparing these disparate domains, the region’s organization remains unclear; do distinct processes engage discrete subregions, or could different domains engage shared neural correlates and processes? Here, using activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses, the bilateral posterior lateral temporal cortex subregions engaged in 7 domains were directly compared. These domains comprised semantics, semantic control, phonology, biological motion, face processing, theory of mind, and representation of tools. Although phonology and biological motion were predominantly associated with distinct regions, other domains implicated overlapping areas, perhaps due to shared underlying processes. Theory of mind recruited regions implicated in semantic representation, tools engaged semantic control areas, and faces engaged subregions for biological motion and theory of mind. This cross-domain approach provides insight into how posterior lateral temporal cortex is organized and why.
Oral Presentation No. 03 Growth differentiation factor-15 and bleeding complication risk in patients with coronary artery disease, receiving combined antithrombotic therapy
Authors: Krivosheeva E , Komarov A , Dobrovolsky A , Titaeva E , Balakhonova T , Panchenko E
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Recent studies are aimed to find laboratory predictors of bleeding complications in patients receiving various regimens of antithrombotic therapy. One of these biomarkers is GDF-15.

Purpose

To study the significance of GDF-15 in relation to the development of bleeding outcomes in CAD patients with multifocal atherosclerosis, receiving combined antithrombotic therapy.

Methods

The data was obtained from the prospective registry REGATA-1 (NCT04347200). 122 patients (90 males), median age 69 [IQR 64; 76] yrs) with CAD and peripheral atherosclerosis of at least one vascular territory (≥ 50%), were enrolled. Half of the patients (47.5%) with sinus rhythm received acetylsalicylic acid in combination with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid. Other patients (52.5%) with concomitant atrial fibrillation received direct oral anticoagulants in combination with antiplatelet therapy after elective PCI. Median follow-up was 10 months [IQR 7.0;12.0]. The safety end point was BARC 2–5 bleedings. Plasma samples for GDF-15 identification were taken at the inclusion and analyzed using ELISA.

Results

Frequency of BARC 2–5 bleedings was 14%. Median GDF-15 level was 1248.5 pg/ml [947.8; 1791.0]. According to the quartile analysis, GDF-15 values in the top three quartiles of the distribution (cut-off value > 948 pg/ml) were associated with higher frequency of bleeding events: 3.1% versus 17.8%, P = 0.0411. Bleeding-free survival in groups, formed depending on the level of GDF-15 (948 > and ≤ 948 pg/ml), was 96.7% vs. 82.2%, respectively, Log-Rank P = 0.0408.

Conclusions

Increase in GDF-15 level (> 948 pg/ml) is associated with the development of BARC 2-5 bleedings in CAD patients with multifocal atherosclerosis, receiving combined antithrombotic therapy.
Oral Presentation No. 41 High plasma von Willebrand factor concentration is associated with the development of bleeding complications in patients with polyvascular disease receiving multicomponent antithrombotic therapy
Authors: Krivosheeva E , Komarov A , Dobrovolsky A , Korobkova V , Titaeva E , Tripoten M , Balakhonova T , Panchenko E
Published: October 2022

Background

von Willebrand factor (VWF) is well known biochemical marker of endothelial dysfunction that increased may be associated with the development of thrombotic complications in patients with polyvascular disease (PD). We aimed to asses the relation of VWF to the development of bleeding outcomes in patients with PD receiving multicomponent antithrombotic therapy (MAT).

Material and methods

The data were obtained during the prospective register REGATA-1, NCT04347200. 95 patients (70 males), median age 67 [IQR 61; 72] with PD (coronary artery disease and peripheral atherosclerosis of at least one vascular territory ≥ 50%) were enrolled. 61% of patients received acetylsalicylic acid in combination with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid, other (39%)with clopidogrel. Median follow-up was 10 months [IQR 8.0; 12.0]. The safety end point was major and clinically relevant bleedings (type 2–5) according to the BARC classification. Plasma samples for VWF were taken at the inclusion and analyzed using ELISA.

Results

Frequency of BARC 2–5 bleedings was 20%. The most frequent (79%) was gastrointestinal bleedings. Median VWF plasma concentration was 154% [116; 196]. According to the quartile analysis, VWF values in the top three quartiles distribution (cut-off value > 122%) were associated with a higher frequency of bleeding events: 3.7% versus 36.7%, OR 8.8; CI 1,11-69,9, ? = 0.0392. Bleeding-free survival in groups formed depending on the VFW plasma concentration (122 > and ≤ 122%) was 96.2% vs. 73.9%, respectively, Log-Rank P = 0.0488.

Conclusions

Increase of VWF plasma concentration (> 122%) is associated with the development of major and clinically relevant bleedings in patients with PD receiving MAT.
Oral Presentation No. 56 Elevated White Blood Cells Count and C-Reactive Protein as markers for coronary heart disease prognosis
Authors: Sá Débora , Mendonça Maria Isabel , Santos Marina , Temtem Margarida , Sousa Ana Célia , Rodrigues Mariana , Henriques Eva , Freitas Sónia , Borges Sofia , Ornelas Ilídio , Drumond António , Dos Reis Roberto Palma
Published: October 2022

Background

White blood count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation are well-recognized inflammation indicators and considered risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Most of the other newly introduced inflammatory risk markers are expensive to test, are not readily available, lack standardization, and have not been confirmed by multiple prospective studies. Whether these classic inflammatory markers may predict majoradverse coronary events (MACE) in CHD patients is controversial. We aimed to evaluate whether high WBC and CRP are independent risk factors for MACE occurrence in CHD patients with an extended follow-up.

Material and methods

A cohort of 1,713 CHD patients (mean age 54.0 ± 7.5 years, 78.6% male) was prospectively followed during an extended time of 4.9 ± 3.4 years (range 1 to 17 years). Bivariate and multivariate Cox regression with WBC, CRP and traditional risk factors (age,gender, smoking, family history, dyslipidemia, diabetesand BMI) analyzed those significantlyassociated with MACE.

Results and conclusions

MACE group presented a higher percentage of non-smokers (P = 0.006); hypertension (P = 0.003); dyslipidemia (P = 0.025) and diabetes (P < 0.0001). WBC (P = 0.048) and CRP (P < 0.0001) were also significantly higher in patients with MACE relatively to non-MACE patients. After multivariate Cox analysis, WBC and CRP remained significant risk factors for MACE, with diabetes and hypertension presenting as strong statistical value. As a conclution, the inflammatory CRP and WBC factors are accurate to predict MACE in secondary prevention. These biomarkersare easily accessed, providing helpful information in the prognosis of cardiovascular patients.