bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Channeling Totie Fields
Authors: Osborne-Thompson Heather
Published: March 2017

Although Totie Fields enjoyed considerable visibility on American television in the 1960s and 1970s, her contributions to women's television comedy have been obscured both by her untimely death in 1978 and by her self-deprecating style of humor. This article reconsiders Fields's comedic persona, which forced audiences to confront the realities of voices and bodies that did not conform to classical ideals, in the context of more recent theoretical work on the economy of charged humor (Rebecca Krefting) and the place of women's comedy within contemporary culture (Linda Mizejewski, Kathleen Rowe Karlyn). Ultimately it argues that, rather than constituting a “ghost of women's comedy past,” Fields's persona in feminized TV spaces such as the daytime talk show has more in common with the work of contemporary female comedians than has been previously acknowledged.
Effects of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid on reproduction of dairy cows
Authors: Sinedino Letícia D P , Honda Paula M , Souza Letícia R L , Lock Adam L , Boland Maurice P , Staples Charles R , Thatcher William W , Santos José E P
Published: February 2017

The objectives were to determine the effects of supplementing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich algae on reproduction of dairy cows. Holstein cows were assigned randomly to either a control (n = 373) or the same diet supplemented daily with 100 g/cow of an algae product containing 10% DHA (algae,n = 366) from 27 to 147 days postpartum. Measurements included yields of milk and milk components, fatty acids (FA) profiles in milk fat and plasma phospholipids, resumption of ovulation by 57 days postpartum, pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI) and expression of interferon-stimulated genes in leukocytes. Feeding algae increased resumption of estrous cyclicity (77.6 vs 65.9%) and pregnancy at first AI (47.6 vs 32.8%) in primiparous cows. Algae increased pregnancy per AI in all AI in both primiparous and multiparous cows (41.6 vs 30.7%), which reduced days to pregnancy by 22 days (102 vs 124 days) compared with control cows. Pregnant cows fed algae had greater expression ofRTP4in blood leukocytes compared with those in pregnant control cows. Feeding algae increased the incorporation of DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid, conjugated linoleic acid isomerscis-9trans-11,trans-10cis-12 and total n-3 FA in phospholipids in plasma and milk fat. Yields of milk and true protein increased by 1.1 kg/day and 30 g/day respectively, whereas fat yield decreased 40 g/day in algae compared with that in control. Supplementing DHA-rich algae altered the FA composition of lipid fractions and improved reproduction in dairy cows. The benefits on reproduction might be mediated by enhanced embryo development based on changes in interferon-stimulated gene expression.
Genome-Wide Screen Reveals sec21 Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Are Methotrexate-Resistant
Authors: Wong Lai H , Flibotte Stephane , Sinha Sunita , Chiang Jennifer , Giaever Guri , Nislow Corey
Published: February 2017

Drug resistance is a consequence of how most modern medicines work. Drugs exert pressure on cells that causes death or the evolution of resistance. Indeed, highly specific drugs are rendered ineffective by a single DNA mutation. In this study, we apply the drug methotrexate, which is widely used in cancer and rheumatoid arthritis, and perform evolution experiments on Baker’s yeast to ask the different ways in which cells become drug resistant. Because of the conserved nature of biological pathways between yeast and man, our results can inform how the same mechanism may operate to render human cells resistant to treatment. Exposure of cells to small molecules and drug therapies imposes a strong selective pressure. As a result, cells rapidly acquire mutations in order to survive. These include resistant variants of the drug target as well as those that modulate drug transport and detoxification. To systematically explore how cells acquire drug resistance in an unbiased manner, rapid cost-effective approaches are required. Methotrexate, as one of the first rationally designed anticancer drugs, has served as a prototypic example of such acquired resistance. Known methotrexate resistance mechanisms include mutations that increase expression of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) target as well as those that maintain function yet reduce the drug’s binding affinity. Recent evidence suggests that target-independent, epistatic mutations can also result in resistance to methotrexate. Currently, however, the relative contribution of such unlinked resistance mutations is not well understood. To address this issue, we took advantage of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model eukaryotic system that combined with whole-genome sequencing and a rapid screening methodology, allowed the identification of causative mutations that modulate resistance to methotrexate. We found a recurrent missense mutation in SEC21 (orthologous to human COPG1), which we confirmed in 10 de novo methotrexate-resistant strains. This sec21 allele (S96L) behaves as a recessive, gain-of-function allele, conferring methotrexate resistance that is abrogated by the presence of a wild-type copy of SEC21. These observations indicate that the Sec21p/COPI transport complex has previously uncharacterized roles in modulating methotrexate stress.
Genomic Data Quality Impacts Automated Detection of Lateral Gene Transfer in Fungi
Authors: Dupont Pierre-Yves , Cox Murray P
Published: February 2017

Lateral gene transfer (LGT, also known as horizontal gene transfer), an atypical mechanism of transferring genes between species, has almost become the default explanation for genes that display an unexpected composition or phylogeny. Numerous methods of detecting LGT events all rely on two fundamental strategies: primary structure composition or gene tree/species tree comparisons. Discouragingly, the results of these different approaches rarely coincide. With the wealth of genome data now available, detection of laterally transferred genes is increasingly being attempted in large uncurated eukaryotic datasets. However, detection methods depend greatly on the quality of the underlying genomic data, which are typically complex for eukaryotes. Furthermore, given the automated nature of genomic data collection, it is typically impractical to manually verify all protein or gene models, orthology predictions, and multiple sequence alignments, requiring researchers to accept a substantial margin of error in their datasets. Using a test case comprising plant-associated genomes across the fungal kingdom, this study reveals that composition- and phylogeny-based methods have little statistical power to detect laterally transferred genes. In particular, phylogenetic methods reveal extreme levels of topological variation in fungal gene trees, the vast majority of which show departures from the canonical species tree. Therefore, it is inherently challenging to detect LGT events in typical eukaryotic genomes. This finding is in striking contrast to the large number of claims for laterally transferred genes in eukaryotic species that routinely appear in the literature, and questions how many of these proposed examples are statistically well supported.
A Dense Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Linkage Map Reveals Recent Chromosomal Rearrangements in theSalmoGenus and the Impact of Selection on Linked Neutral Diversity
Authors: Leitwein Maeva , Guinand Bruno , Pouzadoux Juliette , Desmarais Erick , Berrebi Patrick , Gagnaire Pierre-Alexandre
Published: February 2017

High-density linkage maps are valuable tools for conservation and eco-evolutionary issues. In salmonids, a complex rediploidization process consecutive to an ancient whole genome duplication event makes linkage maps of prime importance for investigating the evolutionary history of chromosome rearrangements. Here, we developed a high-density consensus linkage map for the brown trout (Salmo trutta), a socioeconomically important species heavily impacted by human activities. A total of 3977 ddRAD markers were mapped and ordered in 40 linkage groups using sex- and lineage-averaged recombination distances obtained from two family crosses. Performing map comparison between S. trutta and its sister species, S. salar, revealed extensive chromosomal rearrangements. Strikingly, all of the fusion and fission events that occurred after the S. salar/S. trutta speciation happened in the Atlantic salmon branch, whereas the brown trout remained closer to the ancestral chromosome structure. Using the strongly conserved synteny within chromosome arms, we aligned the brown trout linkage map to the Atlantic salmon genome sequence to estimate the local recombination rate in S. trutta at 3721 loci. A significant positive correlation between recombination rate and within-population nucleotide diversity (π) was found, indicating that selection constrains variation at linked neutral sites in brown trout. This new high-density linkage map provides a useful genomic resource for future aquaculture, conservation, and eco-evolutionary studies in brown trout.
An Induced Chromosomal Translocation in Soybean Disrupts a KASI Ortholog and Is Associated with a High-Sucrose and Low-Oil Seed Phenotype
Authors: Dobbels Austin A , Michno Jean-Michel , Campbell Benjamin W , Virdi Kamaldeep S , Stec Adrian O , Muehlbauer Gary J , Naeve Seth L , Stupar Robert M
Published: February 2017

Mutagenesis is a useful tool in many crop species to induce heritable genetic variability for trait improvement and gene discovery. In this study, forward screening of a soybean fast neutron (FN) mutant population identified an individual that produced seed with nearly twice the amount of sucrose (8.1% on dry matter basis) and less than half the amount of oil (8.5% on dry matter basis) as compared to wild type. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), comparative genomic hybridization, and genome resequencing were used to associate the seed composition phenotype with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 13. In a backcross population, the translocation perfectly cosegregated with the seed composition phenotype and exhibited non-Mendelian segregation patterns. We hypothesize that the translocation is responsible for the altered seed composition by disrupting a β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase 1 (KASI) ortholog. KASI is a core fatty acid synthesis enzyme that is involved in the conversion of sucrose into oil in developing seeds. This finding may lead to new research directions for developing soybean cultivars with modified carbohydrate and oil seed composition.
A New Reference Genome Assembly for the Microcrustacean Daphnia pulex
Authors: Ye Zhiqiang , Xu Sen , Spitze Ken , Asselman Jana , Jiang Xiaoqian , Ackerman Matthew S , Lopez Jacqueline , Harker Brent , Raborn R Taylor , Thomas W Kelley , Ramsdell Jordan , Pfrender Michael E , Lynch Michael
Published: February 2017

Comparing genomes of closely related genotypes from populations with distinct demographic histories can help reveal the impact of effective population size on genome evolution. For this purpose, we present a high quality genome assembly of Daphnia pulex (PA42), and compare this with the first sequenced genome of this species (TCO), which was derived from an isolate from a population with >90% reduction in nucleotide diversity. PA42 has numerous similarities to TCO at the gene level, with an average amino acid sequence identity of 98.8 and >60% of orthologous proteins identical. Nonetheless, there is a highly elevated number of genes in the TCO genome annotation, with ∼7000 excess genes appearing to be false positives. This view is supported by the high GC content, lack of introns, and short length of these suspicious gene annotations. Consistent with the view that reduced effective population size can facilitate the accumulation of slightly deleterious genomic features, we observe more proliferation of transposable elements (TEs) and a higher frequency of gained introns in the TCO genome.
A Nonsense Variant in the ST14 Gene in Akhal-Teke Horses with Naked Foal Syndrome
Authors: Bauer Anina , Hiemesch Theresa , Jagannathan Vidhya , Neuditschko Markus , Bachmann Iris , Rieder Stefan , Mikko Sofia , Penedo M Cecilia , Tarasova Nadja , Vitková Martina , Sirtori Nicolò , Roccabianca Paola , Leeb Tosso , Welle Monika M
Published: February 2017

Naked foal syndrome (NFS) is a genodermatosis in the Akhal-Teke horse breed. We provide the first scientific description of this phenotype. Affected horses have almost no hair and show a mild ichthyosis. So far, all known NFS affected horses died between a few weeks and 3 yr of age. It is not clear whether a specific pathology caused the premature deaths. NFS is inherited as a monogenic autosomal recessive trait. We mapped the disease causing genetic variant to two segments on chromosomes 7 and 27 in the equine genome. Whole genome sequencing of two affected horses, two obligate carriers, and 75 control horses from other breeds revealed a single nonsynonymous genetic variant on the chromosome 7 segment that was perfectly associated with NFS. The affected horses were homozygous for ST14:c.388G>T, a nonsense variant that truncates >80% of the open reading frame of the ST14 gene (p.Glu130*). The variant leads to partial nonsense-mediated decay of the mutant transcript. Genetic variants in the ST14 gene are responsible for autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis 11 in humans. Thus, the identified equine ST14:c.388G>T variant is an excellent candidate causative variant for NFS, and the affected horses represent a large animal model for a known human genodermatosis. Our findings will enable genetic testing to avoid the nonintentional breeding of NFS-affected foals.
Independent Maternal and Fetal Genetic Effects on Midgestational Circulating Levels of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Traglia Michela , Croen Lisa A , Lyall Kristen , Windham Gayle C , Kharrazi Marty , DeLorenze Gerald N , Torres Anthony R , Weiss Lauren A
Published: February 2017

Maternal exposure to environmental pollutants could affect fetal brain development and increase autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in conjunction with differential genetic susceptibility. Organohalogen congeners measured in maternal midpregnancy blood samples have recently shown significant, but negative associations with offspring ASD outcome. We report the first large-scale maternal and fetal genetic study of the midpregnancy serum levels of a set of 21 organohalogens in a subset of 790 genotyped women and 764 children collected in California by the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) Project. Levels of PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) and PBDE (polybrominated diphenyl ether) congeners showed high maternal and fetal estimated SNP-based heritability (h2g) accounting for 39–99% of the total variance. Genome-wide association analyses identified significant maternal loci for p,p′-DDE (P = 7.8 × 10−11) in the CYP2B6 gene and for BDE-28 (P = 3.2 × 10−8) near the SH3GL2 gene, both involved in xenobiotic and lipid metabolism. Fetal genetic loci contributed to the levels of BDE-100 (P = 4.6 × 10−8) and PCB187 (P = 2.8 × 10−8), near the potential metabolic genes LOXHD1 and PTPRD, previously implicated in neurodevelopment. Negative associations were observed for BDE-100, BDE153, and the sum of PBDEs with ASD, partly explained by genome-wide additive genetic effects that predicted PBDE levels. Our results support genetic control of midgestational biomarkers for environmental exposures by nonoverlapping maternal and fetal genetic determinants, suggesting that future studies of environmental risk factors should take genetic variation into consideration. The independent influence of fetal genetics supports previous hypotheses that fetal genotypes expressed in placenta can influence maternal physiology and the transplacental transfer of organohalogens.
Adaptation of Candida albicans to Reactive Sulfur Species
Authors: Chebaro Yasmin , Lorenz Michael , Fa Alice , Zheng Rui , Gustin Michael
Published: February 2017

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is highly resistant to different oxidative stresses. How reactive sulfur species (RSS) such as sulfite regulate gene expression and the role of the transcription factor Zcf2 and the sulfite exporter Ssu1 in such responses are not known. Here, we show that C. albicans specifically adapts to sulfite stress and that Zcf2 is required for that response as well as induction of genes predicted to remove sulfite from cells and to increase the intracellular amount of a subset of nitrogen metabolites. Analysis of mutants in the sulfate assimilation pathway show that sulfite conversion to sulfide accounts for part of sulfite toxicity and that Zcf2-dependent expression of the SSU1 sulfite exporter is induced by both sulfite and sulfide. Mutations in the SSU1 promoter that selectively inhibit induction by the reactive nitrogen species (RNS) nitrite, a previously reported activator of SSU1, support a model for C. albicans in which Cta4-dependent RNS induction and Zcf2-dependent RSS induction are mediated by parallel pathways, different from S. cerevisiae in which the transcription factor Fzf1 mediates responses to both RNS and RSS. Lastly, we found that endogenous sulfite production leads to an increase in resistance to exogenously added sulfite. These results demonstrate that C. albicans has a unique response to sulfite that differs from the general oxidative stress response, and that adaptation to internal and external sulfite is largely mediated by one transcription factor and one effector gene.
PERAN IKAN DALAM POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN HEWANI RUMAH TANGGA INDONESIA: ANALISIS DATA SUSENAS 1996-2002
Authors: Suryawati Siti Hajar , Saptanto Subhechanis , Ariani Mewa , Koeshendrajana Sonny
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran ikan dalam perkembangan pola konsumsi pangan hewani rumah tangga di Indonesia. Data yang dipublikasikan oleh BPS (Biro Pusat Statistik) untuk tahun 1996 sampai dengan 2002 seperti nilai konsumsi dan nilai pengeluaran untuk daging, telur, susu dan ikan digunakan dalam kajian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola konsumsi pangan hewani di Indonesia pada tahun 1996 adalah Daging lkan-Telur-Susu.
Early German Sound Sourcing with Songs in the Trilogy of the Mackeben-Jugo-Engel Ensemble
Authors: Wager Gregg
Published: February 2017

Once German filmmakers had accepted the advent of talking motion pictures as an inevitable and important technological and aesthetic development in cinema, they anticipated a drastic shift in their foreign markets based on a language barrier that was more difficult to overcome than with silent films. While Germans still closely studied practices in the new synchronized sound in America’s Hollywood, their own experiments with how to use music in the enhanced medium still raised similar issues, but stylistically took cinema in slightly different directions based on the origins and development of the music itself. Composer Theo Mackeben, actress Jenny Jugo, and director Erich Engel collaborated on three comedies together during this era that emphasized original songs, culminating in a storytelling style that utilized both the fantasy of a recurring melody throughout the story featuring various kinds of source music, and the realism of having a character introduce the song without suspending the story as musicals often do. When the Nazi influence took hold, phasing out jazz music and attempting to deliberately introduce German folk elements into the movies, the intrusive new propaganda rules became obstacles to steer creative energies and innovation around.
Of Gods and Monsters
Authors: McClelland Clive
Published: February 2017

James Whale’s horror classic Bride of Frankenstein (1935) is iconic not just because of its enduring images and acting performances, but also because of the high quality of its film score. At a time when the cinema soundtrack was still in its infancy, and often reliant on pre-existing music, Waxman’s large-scale through-composed score underpins the action with masterly control and effect. As a classically-trained composer in the German Romantic tradition, Waxman consciously drew on a musical language long associated with the supernatural, now known as ombra. Composers of theatre and even sacred music wanting to generate feelings of awe and horror introduced discontinuous musical elements such as a slow tempo, flat minor keys, tonal uncertainty, unusual harmonies (especially chromatic chords), fragmented or wide-leaping melodic lines, insistent repeated notes, tremolando, syncopated and dotted rhythms, sudden pauses or contrasts in texture or dynamics, and dark timbres with unusual instrumentation, especially trombones. Waxman would also have been familiar with the cue books for silent film – the so-called Kinothek – which included numerous examples of music from the same tradition suitable for accompanying scenes of awe and terror. Another aspect of Waxman’s score is his systematic use of reminiscence motifs for different characters and ideas, a practice most commonly associated with Wagner’s leitmotif, but in fact deriving from much earlier in the nineteenth century. The combination of these techniques strongly contributed to the success of Waxman’s score, and provided a template for composers of horror movie music in subsequent generations.
“The Meaning of Romance”
Authors: Valdés-Miyares J. Rubén
Published: February 2017

This article argues that a fundamental connection between music and narrative has existed since the age of medieval romance, and is still noticeable in the uses of popular song in modern cinema. The allusions to a code ultimately originating in medieval romance in George Lucas’s American Graffiti are a key clue to unraveling a complex history going back to the longing for a lost age in Arthurian romance, through the use of song in medieval drama, nineteenth-century melodrama, and historical romance, the integration of theme songs and compilation scores in film narrative, and the nostalgia for the age of rock ‘n’ roll in early-1970s America. The analysis of such connections points to the perennial function of old songs, by means of their familiar tunes and their allusive words, and occasionally their links with dances, in the affective, yet also ironic, recreation of a harmonious dreamed-up past in film.
Reporting practices of rater reliability in interpreting research
Authors: Han Chao
Published: February 2017

The issue addressed in this study is the reporting practices of rater reliability in interpreting research (IR), given that the use of raters as a method of measurement is a commonplace in IR, and that little is known about to what extent and how rater reliability estimates (RREs) have been reported. Drawing upon 447 articles from 14 translation and interpreting journals (2004--2014), this mixed-methods study attempts to gain quantitative and qualitative insights into the reporting practices. Data analysis reveals that: 1) almost 90% of the articles that needed to report RREs failed to do so; 2) potential problems emerged from those articles that reported RREs: lack of distinction between rater consensus and consistency, underreporting, misinterpretation and misuse of RREs, and lack of justification for the use of rater-generated measurements for subsequent data analysis. These findings highlight an urgent need for increased author awareness of reporting appropriate RREs in IR.
Principal Components and clustering on lexical distances from standard Basque to local varieties
Authors: Modroño Juan Ignacio , Fernandez-Aguirre Karmele , Aurrekoetxea Gotzon , Rubio Jesus
Published: February 2017

It is common in Dialectology the use of linguistic distances aiming to the delimitation of dialects. Different statistical techniques have been applied in modern dialectology to draw dialectal boundaries. So far little work has been published about the determinants of language variation. In this contribution, we propose a two step method (combining Principal Components and Cluster Analysis) in order to get a dialectal classification of localities using distances from standard Basque to a number of local varieties of the Basque language. In addition, we determine, on the one hand, which lexical features have caused the greatest variation in the different dialect areas and, on the other hand, which localities are the most representative ones in each dialect area.
Machine translation implementation among language service providers in Spain
Authors: Presas Marisa , Cid-Leal Pilar , Torres-Hostench Olga
Published: February 2017

This article presents a mixed methods study on the implementation of machine translation (MT) and post-editing (PE) among Spanish language service providers and the methodology used. In the first phase, questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data about each business’s profile and the proportion of businesses using MT and PE. In the next phase, a focus group session was used to collect qualitative data to complement the quantitative results and understand businesses’ motivations and the procedures followed to adopt (or not adopt) an MT system. The results of the two phases are presented separately and then integrated in the discussion. The quantitative results show that 47.3% of Spanish language service providers use MT and that 45.5% of these use MT in only 10% of their total projects. The qualitative results reveal that the decision to implement an MT system depends on multiple factors: the business’s financial capacity, technological capacity and the knowledge and attitude of the business’s human resources.
Mixed methods, mixed tools
Authors: Kuznik Anna , Verd Joan Miquel , Olalla-Soler Christian
Published: February 2017

We report on how two different software programs (Camtasia and EdEt) were used in the process of data conversion from qualitative to quantitative format. This process, known as quantitative translation of data, can be considered a specific kind of mixed methods analysis. We show the methodological and technical limits of the programs and the possibilities they offer for quantitative translation. We reflect on the role these software packages played in the different stages of data collection and data analysis of the studies described. Finally, we delve into the methodological and epistemological criticisms of the use of software for qualitative data analysis, concluding that they are meaningful warnings to avoid a misuse of software but do not apply when researchers adopt an interpretive approach in which they actively participate in the development and testing of categories.
Diagnóstico de la realización de conciertos en Colombia como herramienta para la enseñanza de refuerzo sonoro/Diagnostics of the realization of concerts in Colombia as a tool for teaching of sound reinforcement
Authors: Betancur Vargas Carlos Mauricio , Casas García Oscar , Quintero Posada Alejandro
Published: March 2017

Este artículo presenta un conjunto de elementos prácticos derivados de la producción de espectáculos masivos de tipo concierto en Colombia, que podrían contemplarse en los programas de ingeniería que abordan el área del refuerzo sonoro y sonido en vivo. Los factores que propone esta investigación contribuyen al fortalecimiento de la transversalidad en la formación de competencias ingenieriles, en la medida que optimizan la comprensión y resolución de problemas reales relacionados con esta aplicación del audio, y que con frecuencia son omitidos en el ejercicio didáctico tradicional. El estudio es de carácter cualitativo y explora los factores de éxito en el refuerzo sonoro de espectáculos masivos, mediante la aplicación de entrevistas a profundidad a expertos. Además, se concluye la importancia de considerar la perspectiva práctica e interdisciplinar que exige el diseño integral de ingeniería, lo cual puede ser extrapolado a otros campos en la academia.
Microskills Training: A Model for Teaching Verbal Processing Skills in Music Therapy
Authors: Gooding Lori Fogus
Published: March 2017

Music therapy scholars have suggested that verbal processing is widely integrated into music therapy practice, though specific implementation varies based on the therapeutic approach and the clients’ level of functioning. Results from music therapy studies have suggested that clients find verbal processing both important and useful, yet the development of verbal processing skills can be difficult for music therapists and music therapy students. Given the complexity of the skills needed, inclusion of a model or framework may help focus and organize skill development. One model that may have wide utility among music therapy practice is the microskills model (microcounseling). Microcounseling is built upon ethical and cultural competence, addresses skills in a hierarchical manner, and can be combined with a number of theoretical approaches. Research shows that this model has been successfully translated into 21 languages, used in a range of helping professions, and taught in both traditional and self-instruction formats. Perhaps most importantly, the model initially focuses on skills needed by all music therapists, regardless of theoretical orientation, and then progresses to skills needed to effectively facilitate common music therapy interventions like song discussion. Combining this model with other elements of music therapy education may better promote skill development and guide music therapists in skill usage.
Ipsilesional upper limb performance in stroke individuals: relationship among outcomes of different tests used to assess hand function
Authors: Cunha Bianca Pinto , Freitas Sandra Maria Sbeghen Ferreira de , Menezes Viviana Van Den Berg de , Freitas Paulo Barbosa de
Published: February 2017

Abstract Introduction: Stroke individuals have sensorimotor repercussions on their ipsilesional upper limb. Therefore, it is important to use tests that allow an adequate assessment and follow-up of such deficits. Physical and occupational therapists commonly use maximal grip strength tests to assess the functional condition of stroke individuals. However, one could ask whether a single test is able to characterize the hand function in this population. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among outcomes of different tests frequently used to describe the function of the hand in the ipsilesional upper limb of stroke individuals. Methods: Twenty-two stroke individuals performed four hand function tests: maximal handgrip strength (HGSMax), maximal pinch grip strength (PGSMax), Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) and Nine Hole Peg Test (9-HPT). All tests were performed with the ipsilesional hand. Pearson's correlation analyses were performed. Results: the results indicated a moderate and positive relationship between HGSMax and JTHFT (r = 0.50) and between JTHFT and 9-HPT (r = 0.55). Conclusion: We conclude that the existence of only moderate relationships between test outcomes demonstrates the need to use at least two instruments to better describe the ipsilesional hand function of stroke individuals.
Quality of life
Authors: Surozhskij A.
Published: February 2017

Metropolitan Anthony was frequently invited to speak by medical institutions, particularly by those caring for terminally ill or dying. In his talk he approaches the notion of the quality of life from an unexpected angle. He suggests that the quality of life is inseparable from the notions of human dignity, the aim and the purpose of life. Metropolitan Anthony compares the condition of a terminally ill patient with the situation of people who — often willingly — survive or die in other extreme conditions.
Religion and the Human in the Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Christianity
Authors: Nyrkov A.
Published: February 2017

Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s name is associated with serious changes in the life of Western society in the second half of the twentieth century. Pastor Bonhoeffer was not afraid to go far in his statements. One of his most famous ecclesiastical and social insights concerns the «religionless Christianity» project, the principal features of which are dis- cussed in the article. The main conclusion is that the “religionless Christianity” proj- ect, conceived by the author for the extensive missionary purpose in practice appears to be impossible. This article is a continuation of «Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Religionless Christianity: Psychological Phenomenon?» published in number 5 (84) of 2014.
Christian Psychology in Russia: its «History» and «Geography». The First Article: an Attempt of Periodization
Authors: Vasilyuk F.E.
Published: February 2017

In 1990, when after decades of atheistic press Russian psychology was able to return back to discussions on religious problems, a lot of debates broke out concerning the possibility of «Christian psychology». The debates still continue to burst out, while during the past quarter of century Christian psychology grew into a whole variety of different researches, educational programs, psychological services. A demand of methodological reflection of this field, of its «history» and «geography» arose. Spe- cifically, on the one hand, a need in reflection of its developmental stages, and on the other, a map of the subject-thematical regions and methodological approaches in it. Current article solves the first task, it is an attempt in making a periodization of Rus- sian Christian psychology, which takes into account only the newest, post-soviet his- tory. A hypothesis is proposed, that the periodization has three stages («inspiration», «institutionalization» and «constitution»), each of these addresses specific tasks. It is concluded that in the present moment the most essential task is of constituting the Christian psychology as methodological wholeness, which includes in itself a variety of research, educational and practical projects.
Christian Psychology in Russia: its «History» and «Geography». The Second Article: Marking the Field
Authors: Vasilyuk F.E.
Published: February 2017

In 1990, when after decades of atheistic press Russian psychology was able to return back to discussions on religious problems, a lot of debates broke out concerning the possibility of «Christian psychology». The debates still continue to burst out, while during the past quarter of century Christian psychology grew into a whole variety of different researches, educational programs, psychological services. A demand of methodological reflection of this field, of its «history» and «geography» arose. Specifically, on the one hand, a need in reflection of its developmental stages, and on the other, a map of the subject- thematical regions and methodological approaches in it. The first article of this research was dedicated to an attempt of making periodization of Russian Christian psychology history. The subject of current article is not time but space. An attempt of making a trial typologization of different projects in the field of Christian psychology is held. A «geographical» thesis concerning the marking of the Christian psychology field into several zones, each of which refer to one or another type of project, is proposed.
Structure of a Psychotherapeutic Situation in the Context of the Orthodox-oriented Approach
Authors: Drozdov D.S.
Published: February 2017

The article introduces a model of a psychotherapeutic situation structure in the context of the Orthodox-oriented approach, which helps a psychologist to consider spiritual reality in psychotherapeutic case analysis. The author describes the opportunities of applying the model on the one hand for structuring and synthesizing theoretical material concerning current issue, and on the other hand for organizing the practice and supervision of an Orthodox-oriented psychotherapist, so that the spiritual reality would be naturally embedded into his interaction with the client.
Religious and Spiritual Coping. An Overview of the Western Studies
Authors: Shankov F.M.
Published: February 2017

The article is aimed at getting familiar with the Western researches of spiritual and religious coping. The main categories, conceptual models and results of the empirical studies in the current research field are overviewed. For the Russian psychological theory this direction of research could serve as an example of a methodologically mature field that could enrich the instruments of studies in the field of psychology of religion and psychology of coping behavior. For the psychological practice it serves as an example of scientifically based look upon the connection between spiritual and religious phenomena and their input in the process of overcoming critical situations. Conclusions are made; future research perspectives and the development of the current field in Russia are discussed.
Parallel Process in Supervision: the History of the Concept and Explanatory Models
Authors: Busygina N.P. , Silkin A.I.
Published: February 2017

The article is dedicated to the parallel process — phenomenon of structure and dy- namics reduplication of the therapist and client relationships in the relationships between supervisor and therapist. The concept of parallel process is commonly used by the psychotherapeutic community but at the same time it is not clear enough and therefore sometimes evokes skepticism. It is shown that parallel process is a descriptive but not explanatory concept. The psychodynamics as a condition for the observed paralleling can be various and requires in each case a specific analysis. The history of the concept of parallel process is related to psychoanalysis. Identification, transference/countertransference and projective identification are the main concepts on which the explanatory models of parallel process are based. The authors show that a parallel process is a result of the defensive behavior patterns typical for all participants of communication: client, therapist and supervisor. Asymmetric distribution of the power/subordination positions which is indicative for the situations of psychotherapy and supervision is a provoking condition for the expansion of parallel process chains. Article demonstrates an example of the parallel process analysis in a case study of supervision session for students practicing the Co-experiencing psychotherapy. The authors conclude that «hermeneutics of suspicion» and the model of «defended subject» specific for the psychoanalysis can be used for the studies of the communication process in psychotherapy and supervision oriented not only to psychoanalysis but to the other modalities as well.
Empathy as a Method: from the Philosophical Point of View
Authors: Karyagina T.D.
Published: February 2017

The article examines the emergence and establishment of the concept of «empathy» in philosophical approaches of the end of XIX — early XX centuries. As immediate predecessors of the concept of «empathy» the W. Dilthey’s concept of «coexperi- ence» (Nacherleben) and the T. Lipps’s «feeling into» (Einfühlung) are discussed. The way of formation, synthesis of meanings, which are typical to the modern understanding of empathy, is analyzed. As a main context, which sets the direction of such a synthesis, the problem of the subject and method of the humanities and psychology in particular is considered. «Experience» and «empathy» since their appearance in the philosophical systems were viewed as the united concepts within the link between the subject and method of «understanding (descriptive) psychology». A detailed analysis of how W. Dilthey, E. Husserl, E. Stein, T. Lipps, M. Scheler and K. Jaspers viewed this problem is given.
Professionalization of Empathy: Problem Statement
Authors: Karyagina T.D.
Published: February 2017

The article problematizes the vision of empathy in the context of helping professions. Empathy is seen as the higher psychic function and as an ability. The working model of empathy as an ability, which is based on the methodological principles of the Russian tradition of the research and development of abilities is proposed (V.D. Shadrikov). The specificity of empathy in helping professional’s activities and existing methods of «professional empathy» development are analyzed. The empathy professionalization concept as a necessary interconnected development of motivational, operational and functional components of the empathic abilities with regard to the conditions and requirements of a particular profession is substantiated.
The Helping Behavior Motivation in the Context of Everyday and Professional Help
Authors: Shermazanyan L.G.
Published: February 2017

The article analyzes and compares the approaches to the study of helping motivation in everyday situations and in the activities of helping professions specialists. A detailed review of studies of factors affecting the motivation of non-professional help is introduced. The main features of the professional helping activities, which define the specifics of professional help, compared with everyday life situations, are highlighted. Factors, affecting the development of professional motivation, are analyzed and problematized in connection with the specific goals and conditions of professional helping activity. Author views the distortions and difficulties of professional motivation formation, including dis- tortions, which lead to the development of emotional burnout. The conclusion concerning the importance of the professionalization of helping motivation as a condition for successful professional development and prevention of burnout is drawn.
The «I—Other» Relations in One Special Situation of Communication
Authors: Krichevec A.N. , Solodushkina M.V.
Published: February 2017

The individual ways of the stutter correction group participants are considered in the article. We see this situation as difficult and even antinomical for participant because it requires the his partial rejection of self-control and a trust in handing over his consciousness to the group leader. We assume that this aspect of communication is expressed only stronger in the situation considered here, but is presented in all kinds of communication. On the other hand, not only psychology, but also our culture lacks in adequate measures for understanding and control of such a processes in the communication. Our analysis of participant’s interviews shows that the participant’s way in the correctional process depends on ones attitudes towards the problem of handing control over one’s condition to the group leader.
PIERS calculator- predicting adverse maternal outcome in preeclampsia
Authors: Srivastava Shubha , Parihar Bharti Chaudhary , Jain Neha
Published: February 2017

Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem, highly variable disorder unique to pregnancy. For preeclampsia arising remote from term, supportive and temporizing measures are used to improve perinatal outcome. However, the magnitude of the maternal risks associated with expectant management is unclear. The PIER (preeclampsia integrated estimate of risk) score is a recently designed tool which assesses maternal signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings to generate a valid and reliable algorithm for predicting maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with preeclampsia.Methods: The present study was a prospective hospital based observational study carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultania Zanana Hospital, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. A total of 125 women with preeclampsia who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Along with history and examination, all relevant and required investigations were done. The fullPIERS calculator was used to calculate the risk of adverse maternal outcome.Results: In the present study, 82(65.6%) women were in the low risk category and only 4 (4.87%) had adverse maternal outcome. High risk patients were 6 (4.8%) and amongst them 5 (83.33%) women had adverse maternal outcome (p-value <0.00001). The result was statistically significant in identifying high risk cases in our study.Conclusions: The fullPIERS calculator gave good results in prediction of adverse maternal outcome according to risk score in women with preeclampsia in our study. It will help the clinicians better manage the patients with preeclampsia specially remote from term and also help health workers in primary and secondary care centres to identify women who are or may become severely ill and who need specialist care and prevent delays in transporting these women to facilities where they can receive appropriate care.
Cytopathological evaluation of various thyroid lesions based on Bethesda system for reporting thyroid lesions
Authors: Khadatkar Ashwini S. , Dhume Varsha M. , Kavishwar Vikas
Published: March 2017

Background: An encouragement for the thyroid proposal was the Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology interpretations, a uniform reporting system for thyroid FNA will facilitate effective communication among health care providers. The objective of the present study was to classify thyroid lesions in various categories under Bethesda system correlating the cytological findings in various thyroid lesions with clinical and radiological details.Methods: A retrospective study on FNAC thyroid was performed in a tertiary hospital and a Medical teaching institution in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India which included cases which were reported from 1st January 2010 to 31st July 2011. For cytomorphological analysis, all smears (Papanicolaou and MGG) were reviewed and cases were categorized into six Bethesda categories. The FNAC findings were correlated with clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Discrepancies between original diagnosis and review diagnosis as well as difficulties encountered during application of Bethesda were studied in detail.Results: Total 413 FNACs were received during the study period. The original diagnoses included 10 different categories or labels some of which were descriptive. On application of Bethesda, maximum cases were found in category II (82.32%) followed by category I i.e. inadequate (7.7%). Category III (Atypia of Undetermined significance) included wide spectrum of cases which were previously diagnosed as goitre, suspicious or neoplastic.Conclusions: Bethesda system of reporting thyroid FNAC has brought uniformity in cytology reporting. It has facilitated better understanding between cytopathologist and clinicians as every category connotes specific risk of malignancy and recommends treatment.
Approaches to phyllodes tumour of the breast: a review article
Authors: Hayati Firdaus , Lian Ho Hui , Azizan Nornazirah , Ali Aishath Aznan , Abidin Zainal Adwin Zainal , Suhaili Muhamad Aznan
Published: February 2017

Phyllodes tumours are rare entities of fibroepithelial diseases. The exact pathogenesis and their relationship with fibroadenomas are oblivious. Women aged between 35 to 55 years are commonly affected, even younger in Asian population. Triple assessment should be applied as a guide to management in any breast pathology. Clinical appearances are typically diagnostic for phyllodes tumours. Even though sometimes inconclusive, mammography and ultrasonography are the main imaging modalities. Although the role of cytology is debatable, presence of both epithelial and stromal elements supports the diagnosis especially in malignant type. Core biopsy is rather favored in view of higher accuracy for the diagnosis. Accurate preoperative assessment and histologic diagnosis allow correct surgical intervention and subsequent avoidance of reoperation. Surgical management can be either wide excision with more than 1 cm margins or mastectomy without axillary surgery. Local recurrence has been associated with inadequate excision of the pseudopod. Adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended for positive surgical margin and for local control of borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors. The role of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy has not been fully studied.