bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the failure of exclusive breastfeeding practice: a scoping review
Authors: Sulasmi Sulasmi , Mufdlilah Mufdlilah , Rosyida Luluk
Published: December 2021

Background: Â In some countries, exclusive breastfeeding is practiced in a limited number of cases and for a short period of time; on an international scale in 2012, only 39% of six-month-old babies were exclusively breastfed. This breastfeeding rate falls short of the World Health Organization's recommended threshold (WHO). According to WHO, to reach the global level by 2025, which is 50% of mothers must exclusively breastfeed for 6 months after giving birth, a strategy must be developed to encourage and facilitate the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. So, it is hoped that with the target set by WHO, mothers can give breast milk exclusively to their babies for 6 months optimally. Exclusive breastfeeding (ASI) is the ideal nutrition for babies in the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeeding being recommended for up to 2 years of age. The health benefits of self-feeding are dose dependent, and infants with longer periods of exclusive breastfeeding have better health outcomes. The benefits of breastfeeding are dose dependent, and children have better health outcomes when they are breastfeeding exclusively for longer periods of time, but exclusive breastfeeding has not yet reached its aim due to a variety of factors that contribute to failure.Objectives: To identify factors affecting the failure of exclusive breastfeeding practice.Method: The method employed was scoping review, which starts with identifying scoping review questions using the PEOâ€™S framework; selecting relevant articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; and finally, evaluating the results. utilizing databases such as Pubmed, Willey Online Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar to conduct literature searches; Select articles with a PRISMA Flowchart that describes the search process; execute data charting and critical appraisal; compile and report results.Result: 10 relevant articles have grade A and grade B out of the 103 items that were selected using confidence. Quantitative and qualitative research were used to create these articles. Several factors that influence the inability of exclusive breastfeeding include education & knowledge, age & parity, nipple pain, workplace, work facilities, workload, support & culture.Conclusion: Internal and external factors influence the success of exclusive breastfeeding, the internal aspects including education and knowledge, age and parity, and nipple pain. Workplace, work facilities, workload, support, and culture all are external factors. The failure of exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by several internal and external factors Therefore, it is hoped that the second factor can be a concern to reduce the incidence of unsuccessful exclusive breastfeeding.
Comparaciones entre el control motor de insectos y mamíferos
Authors: Alcaraz-Zubeldia Mireya
Published: December 2021

Esta reflexión está inspirada en el artículo “Neurobiología del control motor en Insectos”. La presencia de un generador central de patrones (GCP) en mamíferos es difícil de generalizar. Sin embargo, se discuten una serie de analogías funcionales entre insectos y mamíferos, entre las que destaca el patrón trípode de la marcha
Real-time monitoring of the rubber belt tension in an industrial conveyor
Authors:   Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland, Bzinkowski Damian , Ryba Tomasz ,   Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz, Instytut Technologii Ekspoatacji w Radomiu, Poland, Siemiatkowski Zbigniew ,   Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland, Rucki Miroslaw ,   Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a novel system for monitoring of the work of industrial belt conveyor. It is based on the strain gauges placed directly on the roller surface that measure pressing force of the belt on the roller. Automatical operation of the measurement system minimizes impact of an operator on the measurement results. Experimental researches included the stability of indications during 5 days, Type A uncertainty estimation and equipment variation EV calculations. Expanded uncertainty calculated for the level of confidence 95% was below 0.1% of the actually measured value, and percentage repeatability %EV = 9.5% was obtained. It can be considered satisfactory, since usually it is required %EV < 10% for new measurement systems.
PENGARUH LAMA PENYINARAN LAMPU LED (Light Emitting Diode) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN MICROGREENS BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annuus L.) PADA BERBAGAI MEDIA TANAM
Authors: Solekhah Saniatus , K Nora Augustien , Prijanto Bambang
Published: December 2021

[THE EFFECT OF LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) IRRADIATION DURATION ON THE GROWTH OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) MICROGREENS PLANT ON VARIOUS PLANTING MEDIA]. The conversion of agricultural land into residential and office buildings causes a decrease in agricultural land every year so the development of indoor plant cultivation with the concept of urban farming, such as microgreens. Microgreens are plants in the period after germination, usually between 7-14 days. Microgreens have a nutrient content of at least 40 times higher than when they are fully grown. Sunflower plants are one of the plants that have been developed as microgreens. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an introduced plant from America. This flower is bright yellow with a large flower head with a diameter of up to 30 cm. LED light is used to help the plant growth process that is carried out indoors. This research was conducted indoors is located in Bratang Wetan 1 No. 19c, Wonokromo, Surabaya from March 2021 to May 2021. The method used in this research is a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) system consisting of 2 factors with 3 replications. The first factor is the length of irradiation which consists of 4 levels of treatment and the second factor is the type of planting media which consists of 3 levels of treatment. The results showed that the combination of 16 hours irradiation time with soil planting medium was able to increase the growth of Sunflower microgreens plants on the variables of cotyledon width, wet weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll test.
PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN GA3 DAN BEBERAPA MACAM TSS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Sudjarwo Happy Kharisma , Moeljani Ida Retno , Pribadi Didik Utomo
Published: December 2021

[THE EFFECT OF IMMERSION IN GA3 AND SOME KINDS OF TSS ON THE GROWTH OF SHALLOTS (Allium ascalonicum L.)]. Shallots (Allium ascolonicum L.) are very much needed by the community and have become one of the high-value commodities in Indonesia. TSS or True Shallot Seed is an elective that can be created as a wellspring of seeds and is an answer for address the issue for quality shallot seeds. In the utilization of TSS seeds, there are still a few deterrents in low development strength. In the use of TSS seeds, there are still some obstacles in low growth strength. Dormancy can be solved by treatment with growth regulators that can encourage, inhibit or qualitatively alter plant development and advancement. One of the PGRs that is regularly utilized is Gibberellins (GA3). This review meant to get the connection between splashing time with a few TSS seeds on the development of shallots, which included germination, development simultaneously, development speed, germination life, plant length, and the quantity of leaves. This examination was led in Ketindan Town, Lawang Area, Malang Regime, East Java, from February to April 2021. This review was a factorial investigation organized dependent on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising of 2 factors: the length of inundation and the kind of TSS seeds that were rehashed as much as multiple times. The main variable was the inundation time in a GA3 arrangement with a centralization of 40 ppm comprising of no dousing, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes of inundation. The seed factor of shallot TSS consists of TSS Sanren, TSS Lokananta, and TSS Bauji. The outcomes showed that the mix of splashing time and TSS seed type fundamentally impacted development speed simultaneously and the quantity of leaves 7 dap.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK JAGUNG MANIS DAN AIR KELAPA PADA MEDIA MS SECARA IN VITRO TERHADAP INDUKSI TUNAS ADVENTIF BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Bakara Marisa Gracia , Makhziah Makhziah , Guniarti Guniarti
Published: December 2021

[SWEET CORN EXTRACT AND COCONUT WATER EFFECT TO INDUCE GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) ADVENTIST SHOOTS BY IN-VITRO CULTURE]. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the horticultural plants used daily for various uses. This study aims to determine the best extract concentration of sweet corn and coconut water and its interaction for induction garlic Adventist shoots (Allium sativum L.) var. Lumbu Hijau. The study was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, UPN ”Veteran” East Java, in February – April 2021. The experimental design used was a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor is four levels of extract of sweet corn concentration (0, 50, 100, and 150 g/L), while the second factor is four levels of coconut water concentration (0, 50, 100, and 150 mL/L). The results showed that the extract of sweet corn concentration-time treatment increased the growing adventist shoots percentage, adventist shoots number, and adventist shoots size. The section of sweet corn concentration of 150 g/L increased the rate of growing adventist shoots, adventist shoots number, and adventist shoots size. The treatment of coconut water concentration and its interaction with the extract of sweet corn concentration is still not able for induction garlic adventist shoots (Allium sativum L.) of the var. Lumbu Hijau.
POTENSI BIJI JARAK PAGAR SEBAGAI RODENTISIDA ALAMI
Authors: Pratama Edo Legianto , Heiriyani Tuti , Saputra Riza Adrianoor
Published: December 2021

[JATROPHA SEED POTENTIAL AS A NATURAL RODENTICIDE]. The controlling of rat's pest attacks often use chemical control that adversely affects non-target animals and leaves a residue for the environment. One of the recommended controls is to use natural rodenticides derived from jatropha seeds and do not harm non-target animals that are environmentally friendly. This research aims to determine the interaction and the best combination of bait mixed with jatropha seeds on the death of Mus musculus, as well as the type of bait and the best dose of jatropha seeds on the death of Mus musculus. The design in this study used a completely randomized design consisting of two factors, the first factor was the bait and the second factor was the dose of jatropha seeds. The results showed that there was an interaction between the type of bait and the dose of jatropha seeds on the amount of feed consumed by Mus musculus. The combination of bait type and dose of jatropha seeds that was best for the mortality of Mus musculus was found in the treatment of rice flour with 3.0 g of jatropha seeds, cornflour with 3.0 g of jatropha seeds, and fish meal with 3.0 g of jatropha seeds. The best dose of jatropha seeds in reducing the bodyweight of Mus musculus, accelerating the time of death, and increasing the percentage of death was 3.0 g of jatropha seeds with an average decrease in body weight of Mus musculus reaching 75%, and the fastest death for five days, and able to kill 100% of Mus musculus.
DIGITAL LITERACY PROMINENCE AT DIGITAL ERA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PHILOSOPHY OF VALUE (AXIOLOGY)
Authors: Hakim Sharfina Az-Zahrin , Tristanty Anggie Ayu Isra , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: December 2021

In this digital era, the urgency to learn digital literacy is very important. Digital literacy means having skills so that you can live, study, and work or thrive in society through digital platforms such as social media. Digital literacy has been used by various institutions, not only that, but everyone from students to workers should have this skill nowadays. The method used on this study is library analysis by using accumulating information, information, and statistics from numerous reliable resources associated with the subject. Google chrome helps search literature sources with the keywords “Digital Literacy”, “Digital Age”, “Philosophy”, and “Axiology”. There were 33 articles, seminars, journals, thesis, and so on. As well as one book that became used as a source of literature. Based at the studies we did, it suggests that Digital Literacy is certainly very vital on this digital era due to the fact it is simpler to apply and analyze. From the perspective of Axiology, it also shows that Digital literacy is very valuable especially that the world has been suffering from the pandemic. Other than that, digital literacy has risen in the past century. This article explores the importance of digital literacy through the perspective of philosophy values in the wave of the public eye. Here we will state an assertion from axiology perspective. In particular, this paper discusses the language and literature side in digital literacy along with some crucial roles about digital literacy. It is envisaged that the paper result may help people to understand more about literary and language importance in the digital era. The article also provides some recommendations based on literature study and previous research about digital literacy in the modern era.
MENGENAL BUDAYA SUKU BUGIS
Authors: as Syamsu rijal
Published: December 2021

Memahami tentang budaya suku bugis yang meliputi tentang sistem kekerabatan dan perkawinan.
Analisis laporan keuangan
Authors: khairunnisa nur
Published: December 2021

Tujuan laporan keuangan adalah untuk memberikan gambaran dan Deskripsi informasi tentang posisi keuangan dan kinerja perusahaan yang dapat menggunakannya sebagai panduan untuk membuat keputusan bisnis. Analisis data Laporan keuangan disusun dengan menganalisis masing-masing icantumkan dalam laporan keuangan berupa rasio-rasio Tujuannya adalah untuk memaksimalkan kinerja perusahaan di masa yang akan dating. Perkembangan dunia usaha mengalami pertumbuhan yang pesat, Hal ini membuat persaingan antar perusahaan semakin kompetitif.
Bộ ba “mở” cải thiện độ tin cậy của khoa học xã hội
Authors: Huyền Nguyễn Thanh Thanh
Published: December 2021

Ngày nay, bảo vệ niềm tin vào khoa học xã hội có nghĩa là tham gia vào những đối thoại cộng đồng mở bởi điều này giúp đảm bảo tính chắc chắn và tăng tính hiệu quả của các phương pháp nghiên cứu. Sự kết hợp của dữ liệu mở, phản biện mở và đối thoại mở thoạt nghe thì đơn giản nhưng để thực thi bộ ba này trong thực tế không hề dễ dàng.
EFEKTIFITAS KERJASAMA LUAR NEGERI BAGI PEMDA DI INDONESIA (KASUS KERJASAMA KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN PEMDA JABAR DENGAN PEMDA CHOLANAMDO)
Authors: Luerdi Luerdi
Published: December 2021

Luerdi, L. (2014). EFEKTIFITAS KERJASAMA LUAR NEGERI BAGI PEMDA DI INDONESIA (KASUS KERJASAMA KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN PEMDA JABAR DENGAN PEMDA CHOLANAMDO). Diskusi perkuliahan pada Program Studi Ilmu Politik Pascasarjana Universitas Riau (2013-2014).
Bắc Di Cư in the Diaspora: Mapping a Vietnamese Catholic Refugee Identity
Authors: NGUYEN JOSEPH LORETO PHUC
Published: December 2021

This social history examines the transformation of collective identity of Northern Catholics who migrated to the South in 1954 and escaped Vietnam after 1975. In this paper, I make the argument that due to the overwhelming number of Northern Catholic migrants and their tight-knit communities, key features such as the devotion to the Vietnamese martyrs and Our Lady of La Vang had come to define the Northern Catholic migrant experience and identity in 1954. After 1975, as many of these Northern Catholic migrants would rebuild their communities overseas, these close relationships between Northern Catholic migrant communities and institutions allowed for these features to become mainstays of a Vietnamese Catholic refugee identity as victims of communism.
Macroinvertebrate assemblages in mountain tributaries of glacial-fed and rain-fed rivers in eastern Nepal
Authors: Gurung Smriti , Singh Rashmi , Wagle Bisrantee , Jha Bibhuti Ranjan , Khatri Kumar , Jacobsen Dean
Published: December 2021

While river macroinvertebrates are the most widely used form of bioindicators, their baseline information, although crucial, is scarce in Nepal. The main objective of this study was to assess the macroinvertebrate assemblages in mountain tributaries of the glacial-fed Tamor and rain-fed Kamala rivers. A total of eight sites were sampled during March 2015 (Spring), November 2015 (Autumn), January 2016 (Winter), and May 2016 (Summer). Altogether, 49 Families of macroinvertebrates belonging to 15 Orders were identified with 39 Families and 12 Orders in Tamor’s tributaries, and 33 Families and 10 Orders in Kamala’s tributaries. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed different assemblages between the two river systems. The most dominant Order in the Tamor was Ephemeroptera and it was Trichoptera in the Kamala. EPT (Ephemeroptera Plecoptera Trichoptera) assemblages were the most abundant in all four seasons for both the river systems and higher % EPT in Tamor’s tributaries indicate better water quality than in the Kamala tributaries. Typical cold water adapted Families such as Rhyacophilidae and Stenopsychidae were observed in Tamor’s tributaries whereas in Kamala’s tributaries, warm water adapted Families like Naididae and Thiaridae were found, reflecting a difference in the abiotic variables such as temperature, dissolved oxygen attributed to each of the catchments. This baseline data can serve as the foundation for further bioassessment including those of climate change impacts on aquatic biodiversity.
COVID-19 in Afghanistan: Evaluating Health Vulnerability and Identifying Controlling Mechanism
Authors: Omerkhil Najibullah , Sadiq Gul Agha , Kohistani Nisar Ahmad , Abidi Abdur Rahim , Azizi Gul Mina
Published: December 2021

Background: The insistent range of coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis and its permeation into least developed countries has escalated the bar of countries fragility and susceptibility. Afghanistan is amongst the most affected countries by the COVID-19 pandemic certainly due to its poor health infrastructure and conflict affected demography.
Objective: This study intends to assess the health vulnerability profile and identifying the control mechanism of the north and northeast regions of Afghanistan using the IPCC framework.
Method: A pre-evaluated online questionnaire (Google form) and mobile survey of 361 households distributed in 8 provinces across the both zones to collected the primary data. Exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity covered the three main components of vulnerability index, weighing method of Iyenger and Sudershan is used to estimate the fabricate vulnerability index.
Result: The province’s health vulnerability status was classified to the different groups based on beta distribution. Based on the vulnerability index, 62.5% of provinces were highly vulnerable, 25% moderately and 37.5% were least vulnerable.
Conclusion: In north-east region people were highly vulnerable to COVID-19 in terms of sensitivity and exposure, with low copping capacity to cope with COVID-19 pandemic risks compare to the north zone.
Recommendation: Enhancing health and hygiene facilities and a handful of lowcost methods such as strengthen informal safety nets and introducing small-scale regional infrastructure projects, could be most cost effective and viable options.
Originality: The research work is original and has not been published in other publications. As well, no financial support has been received for the study.
Social Media Influencers and Purchase Intention amongst Social Media Users in developing African economy
Authors: Ezenwafor Ebuka Christian , Olise Chigbata Moses , Ebizie Promise Ikechukwu
Published: December 2021

Background: Internet disruption has unprecedentedly made social media a global village and global digital market where business and customers interacts boundlessly. People’s interaction has far gone beyond boundary and businesses are seeing and harnessing these opportunities.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of social media influencers on purchase intention among social media users.

Method: The population of this study consist of active social media users in Anambra state. Sample size of 220 was arrived at using convenience sampling for infinite population. Reliability and validity test were done through construct Reliability and Discriminant validity respectively through smart- pls. Data was computed with SPSS version 24 and analysed with SEM via Smart-Pls.

Result: The finding of this investigation showed that trustworthiness, attractiveness and influencer product match up has positive and significant effect on purchase intention respectively.

Conclusion: More so, expertise does not influence purchase intentions. Finally, if there is need social media influencer, organizations should painstakingly seek influencers with high trust level among audience, highly attractive and it’s congruity with the intended promoted product.
Online Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Survey of Undergraduate Students of Pokhara University, Nepal
Authors: Khatri Salina , Gurung Santosh Kumar , Chapagain Ram Krishna , Sharma Sunita , Dangi Nim Bahadur
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has forced educational institutions throughout the world to shut, putting academic calendars in jeopardy. To continue the academic activities, most educational institutions have switched to online mode of learning.

Objective: Against this backdrop, the study aims to identify the perception and attitude of the undergraduate students towards e-learning during Covid-19 pandemic, to determine the online learning characteristics of the students across different academic year, and to explore the factors that influence the online learning activities of the students.

Method: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The self-administered questionnaire was developed after a thorough assessment of the literature and consultation with topic specialists, and it included demographic information about the research participants, as well as their perceptions and attitudes regarding online classes. The questionnaire was created on Google Forms, and the link was distributed to the students of all the four schools through Viber and Messenger groups. Data was collected online from 300 undergraduate students at Pokhara University in Nepal. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics were used to examine and interpret the data. The Chi-squared test was employed to analyze the link between the student’s online learning characteristics and academic year. To discover the characteristics that impact online learning activities, exploratory factor analysis was performed.

Result: The results indicated statistically significant association of online learning characteristics of students of different academic year with availability of alternative power source, internet service, digital platform used and availability of basic computer skill and continuation of online class. Majority of the students evinced a positive attitude towards online classes. Online learning was deemed advantageous since it offered learners with flexibility and convenience. Furthermore, teachers devote appropriate time to studying, motivate students to learn, and emphasize student-centered learning. However, students are dissatisfied with the teachers’ online teaching skills owing to a lack of training and familiarity with modern information technology.

Conclusion: The study concluded that although students reported positive attitude towards online classes, there are serious challenges of power backup or alternative power supply, poor connectivity, unfamiliarity of digital platforms and poor ICT skills among students. Teachers need to be trained properly for the effective and productive teaching and learning along with proper handling of digital platforms. The school/ college/ university must have a well-established IT infrastructure for the smooth operation of online classes.
Holokaust: rewitalizacja ukraińskiej pamięci? W osiemdziesiątą rocznicę wydarzeń w Babim Jarze
Authors: Matusiak Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Presented text is a research reconnaissance on the Ukrainian memorial discourse on the Holocaust carried out in Babi Yar in September 1941. Author of the article focuses primarily on the period after the Revolution of Dignity, which became a turning point in Ukrainian-Jewish relations. The subject of special attention are two competitive commemorative projects that are being implemented by Memorial Museum of the Victims of Babi Yar and Memorial Holocaust Center “Babi Yar” (BYHMC).
Maksym Gorki: O Żydach (wprowadzenie i przekład Marian Kisiel)
Authors: Kisiel Marian
Published: December 2021

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Problemy związane z tzw. konstrukcją ciągłości przestępstwa w odniesieniu do instytucji prawa karnego procesowego – res iudicata oraz zakazu ne bis in idem
Authors: Krawczyk Przemysław
Published: December 2021

Przemysław Krawczyk discusses the impact of institutions related to the continuity of a crime on the substantive validity of judgments in criminal cases and the ne bis in idem prohibition that flows from it. The study presents the views of doctrine and judicature which treat the scope of the validity of substantive judgment in relation to conduct (acts) committed in the conditions of continuity. It should be noted at the outset that positions on this issue tend to be diametrically different. Moreover, Krawczyk points out how important it is to set temporal limits to the continuity of an offence. This issue is of considerable importance from the point of view of the substantive validity of a ruling issued in a criminal trial, because incorrect or insufficiently precise delimitation of these limits may result in a violation of some fundamental principles of criminal law, both substantive and procedural.
Effects of virtual reality-based treadmill training on the balance and gait ability in patients after stroke
Authors: Kržišnik Maruša , Horvat Rauter Barbara , Bizovčar Nataša
Published: December 2021

Gait and balance impairments contribute significantly to long-term disability after stroke. Modern concepts of
stroke rehabilitation recommend a task-specific repetitive approach, such as using treadmill training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using virtual reality-based treadmill training to improve balance and gait in subacute stroke patients. Twenty-two stroke patients were randomly stratified into two groups: the experimental (n = 11) and the control group (n = 11). Parameters associated with balance and gait were measured using the 6-minute walk test, the 10-meter walk test, the timed “up and go” test, the functional gait assessment, and the four square step test. Gait analysis using the zebris Rehawalk® treadmill system was also performed. Patients in the experimental group received virtual reality-based treadmill training five times a week for a period of four weeks, while those in the control group received treadmill training at the same frequency, duration, intensity, and structure, along with a progressively more difficult task demands. Significant improvements were observed in selected outcome measures in both groups after training. Patients in the experimental group experienced improvements in all of the spatiotemporal gait parameters, but there was a significant difference before and after training in duration of double support and lateral asymmetry. The findings of this pilot randomized controlled trial support the benefits of using a virtual reality-based treadmill training program to improve gait and balance in subacute stroke patients.
Estimation of the gene pool of the CIMMYT collection winter bread wheat on presence of the Lr 34 gene
Authors: Vozhzhova N. N. , Zhogaleva О. S. , Dubina А. Yu. , Kupreyshvili N. T. , Derova T. G. , Podgorny S. V.
Published: December 2021

Nowadays in Russia and in the world, the problem of improving food security is becoming more and more urgent. One of the main crops grown worldwide is winter bread wheat. Varieties resistant to main leaf diseases can produce large grain yields. Thus, the study and identification of resistance genes are of great importance. The purpose of the current work was to estimate the gene pool of winter bread wheat from the CIMMYT collection (Mexico) according to the age brown rust Lr 34 resistance gene. In the study of collection samples, there have been used such methods as DNA extraction using CTAB, PCR, electrophoresis on agarose gels. As a result of the study, there has been identified a presence of a functional allele of the Lr 34 gene in 146 winter bread wheat samples out of 411 studied ones (sets 20th IWWYT-SA, 21th IWWYT-IRR, 25th FAWWON-IRR, 25th FAWWON-SA). There have been identified three samples with a heterozygous allelic state of the Lr 34 gene. There have been identified 232 samples with the non-functional Lr 34 gene allele. 30 winter bread wheat samples had no amplification of DNA fragments with the molecular marker csLV34, which means a significant microsatellite sequence variability for which the molecular marker was developed in their genotype. 121 out of 146 winter bread wheat samples with the functional brown rust Lr 34 resistance gene showed resistance in field conditions and in the infectious plots. The rest 25 samples with the Lr 34 gene belonged to the group of moderately resistant ones in the infectious plots. The identified 121 CIMMYT collection winter bread wheat varieties, with the Lr 34 gene possessing a resistant type of pathogen damage response (for example, 9919, 9921, 9928, 9809, 9811, 9812, 23, 24, 30, 262, 265, 266, etc.) have been recommended for use in leaf rust resistance pyramiding in future breeding programs.
The study of rheological and physical dough properties of the winter wheat varieties
Authors: Kravchenko N. S. , Marchenko D. M. , Nekrasova О. А. , Alty-Sadykh Yu. N.
Published: December 2021

There have been represented the study results of flour quality of the winter bread wheat varieties of semi-intensive type of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The purpose of the current study was to estimate variability of the values of indicators that characterize physical and rheological dough properties, to identify the correlation between them, and to isolate genetic sources. The objects of study were 20 winter bread wheat varieties. Field trials were carried out in 2017–2019 in the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production, the forecrop was maize for grain. The variety ‘Don 107’ was used as a standard. The quality of grain and flour of the winter bread wheat varieties was assessed in the laboratory for biochemical estimation of breeding material and seed quality. There have been identified the varieties ‘Asket’ (26.9%), ‘Podarok Krymu’ (26.2%), ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (25.5%) and ‘Izyuminka’ (25.5%) with the maximum gluten content in grain. It was determined that the trait ‘gluten deformation index’ varied from 62 u.v. to 77 u.v., all varieties corresponded to the 1st quality class. There have been identified the genotypes ‘Volny Don’, ‘Don 93’, ‘Premiera’, ‘Podarok Krymu’, ‘Ambar’, ‘Donskoy Surpriz’ and ‘Izyuminka’ with low values of the variation coefficient of the trait. There have been identified the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ (6.7%), ‘Zhavoronok’ (6.8%) and ‘Asket’ (8.2%) with low values of the variation coefficient of the trait ‘specific work of dough deformation’. There have been identified the varieties ‘Don 93’, ‘Izyuminka’ and ‘Podarok Krymu’, which according to P/L corresponded to the class of strong wheat. It was found that the varieties ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ and ‘Volnitsa’ corresponded to the class of strong wheat according to the valorimetric assessment. Correlation analysis showed that the rheological dough properties were significantly influenced by gluten content in grain. There has been estimated the quantitative manifestation and variability of the traits, which characterize the rheological and physical dough properties. There have been identified the varieties with the smallest varietal variation of traits, which are recommended to use in the breeding process as sources of useful traits and properties. The selection according to the traits ‘delute of dough’ and ‘valorimetric assessment’ allow developing and introducing into production genotypes with good baking properties.
Main directions and issues of durum winter wheat breeding under climate changing
Authors: Samofalova N. E. , Ilichkina N. P. , Bezuglaya Т. S.
Published: December 2021

The current paper has presented the study results (2015–2020) of the influence of changing weather conditions on durum winter wheat productivity and grain quality. The purpose of the study was to identify the main stress factors limiting durum winter wheat productivity under changing climate conditions and to determine the direction and issues for further breeding. The objects of the study were the varieties ‘Amazonka’, ‘Agat Donskoy’, ‘Kristella’, ‘Lazurit’, ‘Oniks’, ‘Diona’, ‘Eyrena’, ‘Yakhont’, ‘Kiprida’, ‘Yubilyarka’, ‘Yantarina’, ‘Uslada’, ‘Donchanka’ (a standard variety) developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. There have been studied the meteorological data (average daily temperatures and precipitation) through the years of study as well. On the basis of the analysis, there have been established main stress factors of these years that affected productivity, namely drought in different vegetation periods with the pre-sowing and sowing periods in August and September of 2019; the periods ‘sprouts-tillering’ in October, December and the periods ‘tillering-stem extension’ in March, April; grain filling period in 2020; atmospheric drought during the period of active vegetation in April, June of 2018; excessive moisture with rainfalls and squally winds that caused lodging, diseases, grain flowing off and discoloration in 2014–2015, 2015–2016. The agricultural year 2016–2017 was the most favorable in terms of temperature regime, precipitation and their distribution (at the level of the long-term average), with an average varietal productivity of 9.49 t/ha. Yield decrease depending on this or that stress factor (in comparison with the favorable year of 2017) was on 54.5% in 2019, 32.5% in 2020 and on 21.4 in 2015 and 27.2% in 2016. The exception was the year of 2018, when with sufficient soil moisture, productivity was on 26.3% more than in 2017. Due to the study results of winter durum wheat varieties according to their traits and properties to the indicated stress factors in 2015–2020, there have been identified the issues for each direction, the solution of which will be aimed at developing stress-resistant, resistant to lodging and diseases varieties with large stable yields and high grain quality.
Identification of Saltol QTL in the breeding rice samples
Authors: Zhogaleva О. S. , Vozhzhova N. N. , Dubina А. Yu. , Kupreyshvili N. T. , Kostylev P. I.
Published: December 2021

One of the main problems in most of the world rice-growing regions is soil salinity. Rice is considered a saline sensitive crop, especially at the early stages of development and in the period of maturity. In the Rostov region, rice is grown in the south-eastern parts, where there are currently difficulties with the operation of the existing reclamation facilities. The problem of saline soils for this region is especially urgent, since a significant part of the arable lands has alkali complexes. In order to return the saline lands into exploitation, it is necessary to develop salt tolerant varieties, which, under crop rotation and maintenance, can contribute to soil desalinization. Due to the difficulty of determining salt tolerance only by estimating the phenotype, it is necessary to use molecular markers associated with this trait. Thus, the purpose of the current work was to identify one of the main Saltol QTL in breeding rice samples of the eighth generation (F8) obtained from hybridizing the donor variety NSYC Rc106 with Russian varieties. For that purpose, there have been used such marker-assisted selection methods as DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis on 2% agarose gels, gels’ coloring in ethidium bromide solution, photography in ultraviolet light and evaluation of the obtained electrophoregrams. As a result of the study of 398 breeding rice samples, there have been identified 67 samples with the functional allele of Saltol QTL (6865/3, 6874/2, Don 7343/4, Don 7343/5, Don 7343/6, Don 7343/7, Don 7343/8, Don 7343/9, Don 7343/10, Don 7337/1, Don 7337/3, Don 7337/4, Don 7337/5, Don 7337/6, Don 7337/7, Don 7337/8, etc.). There have been recommended to use these samples in the further breeding process in order to develop new salinity resistant rice varieties.
The effect of moisture supply conditions on productivity of winter bread wheat, sown after various forecrops in the southern part of the Rostov region
Authors: Popov A. S. , Ovsyannikova G. V. , Sukharev А. А.
Published: December 2021

Weather and climatic conditions determine moisture supply, which is the main factor affecting winter wheat productivity in the area of unstable moisture. The current study was carried out on the experimental plot of the laboratory for cultivation technology of grain crops of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2010–2020. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary calcareous heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem). The humus horizon was powerful up to 140 cm. The humus content was 3.9%. The purpose of the study was to establish the moisture supply of winter bread wheat when cultivated according to various forecrops. There has been found that the autumn periods in the most years of study were arid with 37% of precipitation. Winter wheat plants from September to June were provided with 70% of precipitation, with a 1022.55 of air humidity deficit and 664.7 mm of water demand. There was found that, on average over the years of study, 88% of moisture supply promoted yielding of 7.03 t/ha of winter wheat sown in weedfree fallow. In order to yield a ton of grain there was required 591.7 m3 of total moisture. The share of precipitation in this moisture consumption was 84%, and the share of soil moisture was 16%. When sown after sunflower, moisture provision was 77%, and winter wheat yield was 5.32 t/ha. In order to yield a ton of grain there was required 657.3 m3 of total moisture, which was on 65.6 m3 more than in the variant with a weedfree fallow. The share of precipitation in this moisture consumption was 96%, and the share of soil moisture was 4%.
Sowing dates and their effect on productivity and grain quality of the winter wheat varieties
Authors: Radchenko L. A. , Ganotskaya Т. L. , Radchenko А. F. , Babanina S. S.
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the Crimean weather conditions during the autumn vegetation period of winter wheat indicates climate warming and, in this regard, the necessity to adjust the optimal sowing dates. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the productivity and grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties depending on different sowing dates. The objects of the study were five winter wheat varieties sown in 5 dates from October 1 to November 30 with an interval of 15 days. Field trials were conducted with appropriate observations, records, measurements and analyzes, according to the methodology of the State Variety Testing. Statistical processing of the trials was carried out by the B.A. Dospekhov’s method of dispersion and correlation analyzes. The study was carried out through three years, two vegetation periods of which (2017–2018 and 2019–2020) were dry, one period (2018-2019) was favorable for the development of winter grain crops. According to the results of the analysis of variance, there have been identified significant differences in the effect of all three factors (‘variety’, ‘length’ and ‘year’) and their correlation in all combinations on the productivity formation. The factors ‘sowing date’ (33%) and ‘correlation between date and year’ (49%) had the greatest influence on the productivity formation. In 2018, the most optimal for all studied varieties was the second sowing date (15.10), in 2019 it was the first (1.10), and under the conditions of 2020, the later sowing dates were more favorable, and the 4th period was marked as optimal (15.11). The mean productivity of all varieties at the optimum sowing dates was 4.0; 5.5 and 3.46 t/ha, respectively. The factors ‘sowing date’, ‘year’, and the correlation between them significantly influenced protein percentage in grain. Their effect on the manifestation of the above trait was 29%, 14% and 23%, respectively; on gluten content it was 29%, 16% and 21%, respectively.
Use of different criteria for estimating precocity of heterosis maize hybrids in forest-steppe conditions
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Kotsyuba S. P. , Novak Zh N. , Naklioka O. P.
Published: December 2021

In the article it is shown the results of the study of heterosis hybrids of corn on the signs of early ripening, such as: the growing season, the number of leaves on the main stem, the moisture yield of grain during harvest. To distribute our corn material by precocity, a number of studies were conducted, namely: estimating the length of the growing season "shoots – full ripeness", which was determined in days, and a very important indicator today is the moisture content of grain when harvested in percentage, it allowed to distribute heterosis hybrids into two groups: early-maturing (106–114) and middle-early – 114–123 days. Over the years of testing, the weather conditions varied considerably, which made it possible to evaluate in detail the material under study. In 2020, the growing season was within 107.8 days, which is almost three days less than in 2021. At the same time, the longer vegetation period was in 2021. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the rate of moisture yield of corn grain of the studied hybrids of the two maturity groups. The conducted researches allowed to trace the dynamics of grain moisture yield of early-maturing maize hybrids and one hybrid of the middle-ripening group of maturity, to determine the variability of hybrid grain moisture in different periods of grain maturation. The year 2021 was more favorable for growing corn, the plants formed a large vegetative mass, but the grain had a high humidity during the harvest period. This is due to a significant amount of precipitation (69.9 mm) in August 2021. Hybrids that had high harvest humidity were characterized by a long growing season, such as № 47 × № 33. Therefore, our selected hybrids can be successfully used in planning a strategy for early maturity. In establishing the patterns of moisture transfer of grain when it reaches, in particular, the influence of the conditions of the year, in our study group were identified two hybrids consistently better in terms of grain moisture. Preference should be given to hybrids № 31 × № 37 and № 83 × № 125, which combine indicators of early maturity: the shortest growing season, the number of leaves on the main stem and the rate of moisture.
Influence of the substrate on the yield and quality of microgreens of vegetable plants
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Vakhovska A. V.
Published: December 2021

Research on the effect of the substrate on growth rates, physiological and biochemical processes, yield and quality of lettuce, radish, mustard during the forcing of microgreens in greenhouses showed a positive result. For research, the generally accepted methods were used: laboratory, mathematical-statistical, physical. Evaluation of substrates for growing microgreens of lettuce, radish, mustard indicates that they are suitable for forcing in greenhouses. It was found that the duration of the growth phases of microgreens depends on the substrate. For lettuce, radish and mustard, the appearance of the root occurred on the second day. Greens were collected in 2020 for 8–10 days, in 2021 – for 7–8 days, which is influenced by the length of daylight hours and the ambient temperature. When growing microgreens of lettuce on mineral wool, the height of the plants was 4.48 cm.Radish and mustard had the tallest plants when grown on coconut substrate – 6.36 cm and 6.78 cm. The mass of 1000 pcs. plants is an important trait, which in turn determines the quality of microgreens. Maximum weight 1000 pcs. when grown on a coconut substrate, lettuce – 13.75 g, radishes – 69.61 g, mustard on mineral wool – 35.58 g. A high yield of leaf lettuce during the years of research was obtained when grown on a coconut substrate – 1.62 kg/m2, which significantly exceeded the control by 0.1 kg/m2. A high yield of radish was obtained when grown on a coconut substrate – 5.41 kg/m2, which significantly exceeds the control by 3.83 kg/m2. The mustard yield when using coconut substrate was 4.90 kg/m2, which is 3.38 kg/m2 higher than the control. Correlation analysis proves that for all the studied plants at the time of harvest, there is a direct strong relationship between the mass and its height, and its coefficient is r = 0.98.
Physico-chemical properties of grain of different ripening soft winter wheat varieties under different fertilizer systems
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Silifonov T. V. , Hospodarenko H. M. , Poltoretskyi S. P. , Liubych V. V. , Prytuliak R. M. , Polianetska I. O.
Published: December 2021

Aims. To determine the formation of physico-chemical properties of different ripening varieties of soft winter wheat grain under different fertilizer systems in a field crop rotation. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physicochemical. Results. The article presents the formation of physico-chemical properties (thousand grain weight, grain unit, hardness index, protein content) of different ripening varieties of soft winter wheat grain under different fertilizer systems in the field crop rotation. On average, over two years of research, thousand grain weight of KWS Emil soft winter wheat increased from 37.2 to 38.5 g, depending on the fertilizer system. The use of all types of fertilizers increased it by 3 % compared to areas without fertilizers. There is no significant difference between fertilizer application systems in the field crop rotation. The high stability index (0.96–1.00) of thousand grain weight formation under growing both varieties indicates a slight influence of weather conditions of the growing season. Thus, in 2020 this figure increased from 37.1 to 38.3 g, and in 2021 – from 37.2 to 39.1 g. In Rino variety, thousand grain weight was significantly higher than in KWS Emil variety by 16–17 %. The application of 75 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizers increased it from 43.2 g to 43.6–43.8 g or only by 1 %, and at a double dose – to 44.8–45.2 g, or by 4–5 %. The efficiency of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers was higher than the cultivation of KWS Emil, and lower in Rino. The grain unit of both soft winter wheat varieties increased both on average and over the years of research with a stability index of 0.98–1.00. Thus, on average over two years of research, it increased in KWS Emil variety from 771 to 779–789 g/l or 1–2 % depending on the fertilizer system. Rino grain had 6% more grain unit compared to KWS Emil. On average, it increased from 820 to 831–838 g/l per fertilizer application or only by 1–2 %. Conclusions. It is established that the physico-chemical properties of grain change depending on the fertilizer system, variety and weather conditions of the growing season. Rino grain has higher physico-chemical properties. Thus, thousand grain weight increases from 43.2 to 43.6–45.2 g, grain unit – from 820 to 831–838 g/l, protein content – from 14.4 to 15.4–16.4 %, depending on the fertilizer system, hardness type – hard-grained. In KWS Emil variety, thousand grain weight increases from 37.2 to 38.3–38.5 g, grain unit – from 771 to 779–789 g/l, protein content – from 11.7 to 12.3–13.7 % depending on the fertilizer system, hardness type – soft-grained.