bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradation of thermal stability and micromechanical properties of the C–S–H phase induced by ultra-confined water at elevated temperatures
Authors: Li Dongbo , Zhu Jing , Liu Qinlong , Qi Qinde , Bai Zhentao
Published: November 2023

Coupled elevated temperature, tensile loading, and thermal motion of water deteriorates the chemical bond stability and mechanical properties of C–S–H.
Surface defect healing in annealing from nanoporous carbons to nanoporous graphenes
Authors: Yamazaki Kaoru , Goto Shunsuke , Yoshino Shunya , Gubarevich Anna , Yoshida Katsumi , Kato Hideki , Yamamoto Masanori
Published: November 2023

Nanoporous graphene (NPG) materials have the pronounced electrochemical stability of the seamless graphene structures developed over the 3D space.
The effect of surface conditions on the electrochemical CO2 reduction performance of bimetallic AuPd electrocatalysts
Authors: van den Berg Daniël , Izelaar Boaz , Fu Shilong , Kortlever Ruud
Published: November 2023

Most research into electrochemical CO2 reduction focusses on improving catalysts, but neglects electrolyte effects. We show the buffer influence on the selectivity of a gold–palladium electrode and elucidate inconsistencies between earlier studies.
Turn-off luminescence sensing, white light emission and magnetic studies of two-dimensional lanthanide MOFs
Authors: Manna Krishna , Sutter Jean-Pascal , Natarajan Srinivasan
Published: November 2023

Enhanced antenna effect through rigid ligands facilitated white light emission with substitution of green (Tb3+) and red (Eu3+) component in a blue emitting Y – compound. The luminescence behavior was exploited for the selective sensing of harmful pesticides and explosives.
Substrate self-derived porous rod-like NiS/Ni9S8/NF heterostructures as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Li Yixuan , Li Peiyan , Jiang Jiahui , Zhao Ting , Xu Guancheng , Zhang Li
Published: November 2023

Substrate self-derived NiS/Ni9S8/NF-2 nanorods were fabricated by low-temperature vulcanization after oxalic acid etching processing, which requires a small voltage of 1.52 V to deliver 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting only.
Na metal anodes for liquid and solid-state Na batteries
Authors: Pirayesh Parham , Jin Enzhong , Wang Yijia , Zhao Yang
Published: November 2023

This review provides the understanding and development of Na metal anodes for liquid-based and solid-state Na metal batteries.
Contact with soil impacts ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite transformations during redox cycling in a paddy soil
Authors: Schulz Katrin , Notini Luiza , Grigg Andrew R. C. , Kubeneck L. Joëlle , Wisawapipat Worachart , ThomasArrigo Laurel K. , Kretzschmar Ruben
Published: November 2023

We studied the transformation of 57Fe-labelled ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite mixed with a flooded paddy soil by using 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Comprehensive analysis of novel cubic HgCrO3 perovskite: a first principles, structural, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties study for spintronic applications
Authors: Khan Junaid , Al-Anazy Murefah mana , Yousef El Sayed , D Datta , Sharma Ramesh , Moayad A. J. A.
Published: November 2023

The structural, electrical, thermodynamic, and transport properties of a cubic HgCrO3 perovskite were investigated using first principles computation. HgCrO3 showed good thermoelectric qualities that may potentially lead to more energy-efficient and sustainable technologies.
Influence of surface structure on friction and wear characteristics of silicone rubber for hydraulic rod seals
Authors: Lee Sung-Jun , Kim Chang-Lae
Published: November 2023

This research investigates the impact of surface structure on the friction and wear characteristics of silicone rubber used as a material for hydraulic rod seals.
Intramolecular donor-stabilized tetra-coordinated germanium(iv) di-cations and their Lewis acidic properties
Authors: Peddi Balakrishna , Khan Souvik , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Yildiz Cem B. , Majumdar Moumita
Published: November 2023

Intramolecular phosphine-stabilized tetra-coordinated Ge(iv) di-cations are established. Dispersed charges lead to Si–H activation initially at the P-site, which ultimately migrates to the Ge-site due to geometric constraint empowered Lewis acidity.
Observations on phenomenological changes in Klebsiella Pneumoniae under fluidic stresses
Authors: Jain Siddhant , Singh Anmol , Tiwari Nivedita , Naik Aparna , Chatterjee Ritika , Chakravortty Dipshikha , Basu Saptarshi
Published: November 2023

In the present work, experiments are conducted to understand the consequence of stresses generated by flowing fluid on the bacterial morphology and virulence in microfluidic channels.
Mechanistic insight into a Co-based metal–organic framework as an efficient oxygen electrocatalyst via an in situ FT-IR study
Authors: Kumar Greesh , Haldar Rajashi , Shanmugam Maheswaran , Dey Ramendra Sundar
Published: November 2023

Cobalt-imidazole-tetracarboxylate metal–organic framework (Co-MOF) and further modified with graphene (G) as heterogeneous electrocatalyst displays a bifunctional electrocatalytic performance towards ORR/OER.
Perovskite manganese oxides with tunable metal–oxygen covalency for efficient bisphenol A degradation
Authors: Jiang Yilan , Wang Peifang , Xiong Yiran , Chen Tingyue , Zhang Chi , Gao Keyi , Duan Xiaoguang , Wang Dawei
Published: November 2023

The metal–oxygen covalency of manganese oxides is the main factor affecting the degradation efficiency of persistent organic pollutants in water.
Structural basis of molecular recognition among classical cadherins mediating cell adhesion
Authors: Mukherjee Sarbartha , Goswami Saumyadeep , Dash Sagarika , Samanta Dibyendu
Published: November 2023

Cadherins are type-I membrane glycoproteins that primarily participate in calcium-dependent cell adhesion and homotypic cell sorting in various stages of embryonic development. Besides their crucial role in cellular and physiological processes, increasing studies highlight their involvement in pathophysiological functions ranging from cancer progression and metastasis to being entry receptors for pathogens. Cadherins mediate these cellular processes through homophilic, as well as heterophilic interactions (within and outside the superfamily) by their membrane distal ectodomains. This review provides an in-depth structural perspective of molecular recognition among type-I and type-II classical cadherins. Furthermore, this review offers structural insights into different dimeric assemblies like the ‘strand-swap dimer’ and ‘X-dimer' as well as mechanisms relating these dimer forms like ‘two-step adhesion' and ‘encounter complex'. Alongside providing structural details, this review connects structural studies to bond mechanics merging crystallographic and single-molecule force spectroscopic findings. Finally, the review discusses the recent discoveries on dimeric intermediates that uncover prospects of further research beyond two-step adhesion.
An Absorbance Peak Template for Clinical Assessment of Sound Conduction in Newborn Ears
Authors: AlMakadma Hammam A. , Reed Beth F. , Sanford Chris A.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Power absorbance measures recorded over a wide range of frequencies allow for clinical inferences about the outer/middle ears' acoustic mechanics. A frequency-dependent feature in the newborn wideband absorbance response, the prominent mid-frequency absorbance peak, has been linked to middle-ear resonance. However, current normative methods were not designed to assess subtle changes in such features. This work aims to develop and validate an absorbance peak template (APT) for assessment of absorbance peaks in newborns. Additional objectives are to compare test performance of absorbance peaks and APTs to existing normative methods, to demonstrate APT-based methods for categorization of abnormal absorbance peaks, and to describe absorbance peak test–retest variability.

Method:

Peak absorbance and peak frequency were analyzed in a training data set (490 measurements in 84 newborn ears who passed transient evoked otoacoustic emissions [TEOAEs] screenings), and an APT was developed by computing normal limits on these two absorbance peak variables. Split-set analysis evaluated the reproducibility of APT, and test–retest analysis was performed. Test performance analysis, conveyed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), compared absorbance peak variables to absorbance area indices (AAIs) in a validation data set (359 ears that passed distortion-product OAE [DPOAE] screening and 64 ears that failed). APT-based assessment paradigms for normal and abnormal ears were compared to the common absorbance normative range paradigm.

Results:

Split-set analysis demonstrated a good reproducibility of APT, and test–retest of absorbance peak variables showed that they were stable measures for clinical assessment. Test performance of peak absorbance (AROC = 0.83; 95% CI [0.77, 0.88]) was comparable to the top-performing AAI variables (AROC = 0.85; 95% CI [0.80, 0.90]). APT-based assessment categorized measurements based on their peak absorbance and peak frequency and enhanced the detection of subtle frequency changes that were missed by the normative range method.

Conclusion:

Analysis of absorbance peaks guided by APT has the potential to simplify and improve assessments of sound conduction pathways in newborn ears and can be used together with or in-place of current methods for analysis of wideband absorbance data.
Condition monitoring of permanent magnet AC machines for all‐electric transportation systems: State of the art
Authors: Usman Adil , Rajpurohit Bharat Singh
Published: November 2023

The current state of the art on emerging and efficient techniques for condition monitoring of permanent magnet (PM) alternating‐current (AC) machines deployed in electric vehicle (EV) applications is presented. The discussion includes the most common and specific types of faults in PM motors, such as rotor demagnetisation and stator inter‐turn faults, respectively. Fault indicators, such as voltage (vs) and current (is) signals and machine signatures based on motor back electromotive force (EMF) (EB) and magnetic flux (ϕ), are taken into account as a measuring quantity in diagnosing motor faults. Other signatures, including thermal analysis, acoustic noise, and vibrations, are also illustrated as some of the emerging techniques in estimating the performance of EV motors while under operations. In addition, various fault modelling methods, condition monitoring techniques, and comprehensive approaches applied in diagnosing the effect of machine faults during its incipient stages are illustrated. Since most of the fault diagnostic techniques discussed here include only machine‐based quantities as fault indices/indicators, the provided solutions are therefore found to be more reliable and accurate for diagnosing the motor faults. This comprehensive review study is inclusive of the existing fault diagnostic techniques, which are currently employed in industrial and commercial practices, in addition to the new methodologies proposed by the authors. All the given condition monitoring schemes therefore seem significantly vital in estimating the state of health of PM AC machines while under operation in all‐electric transportation systems.
Direct current power system stabilizers for HVDC grids: Current status
Authors: Azizi Neda , Moradi Hassan , Rouzbehi Kumars , Mehrizi‐Sani Ali
Published: November 2023

A power system stabilizer (PSS) is a control system integrated into the control structure of specific generation units within AC grids. It monitors current, voltage, and machine shaft speed. Analysing these variables, the PSS generates appropriate control signals to the voltage regulator unit, aiming to damp system oscillations. With the advancement of high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) overlaid high‐voltage alternative current (HVAC) grids, it is anticipated that direct current power system stabilizers (DC‐PSS) will be developed to perform a similar role as their AC counterparts. DC‐PSS will be responsible for monitoring and controlling DC voltage levels, ensuring stable operations. This paper focuses on DC‐PSS in HVDC grids, designed to ensure stable operation and mitigate voltage fluctuations. Unlike conventional AC power systems, HVDC includes only DC voltage and power. The input signal for DC‐PSS is the variations in DC voltage, and the output signal is proportional to the power changes at the specific bus where the DC‐PSS is installed, aiming to minimize DC voltage oscillations. These characteristics pose significant challenges in DC‐PSS. The paper addresses the challenges and highlights issues such as inertia and low‐frequency oscillations associated with DC‐PSS. Various control methods are presented and a comparison is made among these methods.
AI safety of film capacitors
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Xin , Chen Fang‐Yi , Liu Di‐Fan , Wang Jian‐Xiao , Feng Qi‐Kun , Jiang Hai‐Yang , Wang Xin‐Jie , Zhao Hong‐Bo , Zhong Shao‐Long , Shah Faisal Mehmood , Dang Zhi‐Min
Published: November 2023

With a large number of film capacitors being deployed in critical locations in electrical and electronic systems, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is also expected to address the problems encountered in this process. According to our findings, AI applications can cover the entire lifecycle of film capacitors. However, the AI safety hazards in these applications have not received the attention they deserve. To meet this, the authors argue, with specific examples, risks that flawed, erratic, and unethical AI can introduce in the design, operation, and evaluation of film capacitors. Human‐AI common impact and more multi‐dimensional evaluation for AI are proposed to better cope with unknown, ambiguity, and known risks brought from AI in film capacitors now and in the future.
Optical constants of exoplanet haze analogs from 0.3 to 30 µm: Comparative sensitivity between spectrophotometry and ellipsometry
Authors: Drant T. , Garcia-Caurel E. , Perrin Z. , Sciamma-O’Brien E. , Carrasco N. , Vettier L. , Gautier T. , Brubach J.-B. , Roy P. , Kitzmann D. , Heng K.
Published: November 2023

We report new optical constants (refractive index, n, and extinction coefficient, k) for exoplanet haze analogs from 0.3 to 30 µm. The samples were produced in a simulated N2-dominated atmosphere with two different abundance ratios of CO2 and CH4, using the PAMPRE plasma reactor at LATMOS. We find that our haze analogs present a significantly lower extinction coefficient in the optical and near-infrared (NIR) range compared to the seminal data obtained on Titan haze analogs. We confirm the stronger IR absorption expected for hazes produced in a gas mixture with higher CO2 abundances. Given the strong impact of the atmospheric composition on the absorbing power of hazes, these new data should be used to characterize early-Earth and CO2-rich exoplanet atmospheres. The data presented in this paper can be found in the Optical Constants Database. Using ellipsometry or spectrophotometry, the retrieved optical constants are affected by the sensitivity of the measurement and the accuracy of the calculations. A comparative study of both techniques was performed to identify limitations and better understand the discrepancies present in the previous data. For the refractive index n, errors of 1–3% are observed with both optical techniques and the different models, caused by the correlation with the film thickness. We find that UV-visible reflection ellipsometry provides similar n values, regardless of the model used; whereas the Swanepoel method on transmission is more subjected to errors in the UV. In the UV and mid-infrared (MIR), the different calculations lead to rather small errors on k. Larger errors of k arise in the region of weak absorption, where calculations are more sensitive to errors on the refractive index n.
Evaluation Factors of Industrial Production in the Region
Authors: Abdullayev Ilyоs , Tadjiev Timur , Saparova Mohira
Published: November 2023

This article evaluates the processes of development of industrial production in the region and determines the factors affecting them, reveals the priority factors and sources of competitiveness of industrial enterprises, evaluates the regional characteristics of industrial development, and analyzes all influencing factors in the development of industry. This allows us to evaluate industrial production and development in the region, identify the factors that affect it. In the evaluation, process grouped the most important factors influencing the development of industrial production in determining the priory directions of industry, developed classification of industrial production factors in the region based on research and analysis. Also identified the level of formation of industrial production experience in the region, factors limiting the regional industrial production capacity, external environment analysis as well as availability of resources, other sources and opportunities. Attention is paid to the issues of ensuring the development of the regional industry, its macroeconomic growth and raising the standard of living of the population, expanding the export potential, creating an added value chain, and assessing the industrial production using complex quantitative econometric models. Because with the help of complex numerical econometric models evaluates the development of the industry, determines the priority sectors of the industry and studies their mutual influence.
Evolution of retail in Russia
Authors: Popenkova Daria
Published: November 2023

This study purpose was to investigate the historical evolution of trade in Russia, spanning three distinct periods: pre-Soviet, Soviet, and post-Soviet eras. In the article authors analyzed the shifts and continuities in Russia’s trade landscape over time and understand how historical patterns influence contemporary trade dynamics. Authors used methods of data collection from primary sources, including archival research and economic statistics, supplemented by a review of scholarly literature. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to extract insights into trade practices, regulations, and economic conditions. The results reveal significant transitions, including the dominance of state-controlled trade during the Soviet era and the emergence of retail chains in recent years. Retail chains have evolved to assume distribution functions, blurring the lines between trade and production. In conclusion, this historical analysis elucidates the historical context of Russia’s trade practices, offering insights into its economic evolution. Understanding the impact of historical events on trade structures provides valuable perspectives for comprehending contemporary trade dynamics in Russia.
Analyzing the future of housing provision in a high-demographic growth region
Authors: Assylbayev Aidar , Niiazalieva Kunduzkul , Bekjanov Dilmurad , Ollanazarov Bekmurod , Ibrayimova Dilnoza
Published: November 2023

This scientific article aims to determine the level of security of Kyrgyzstan citizens with regard to housing until 2030. The study takes into account the historical period from 1990 to present, analyzing the development of the housing stock and demographic population. The objective of this research is to solve the problem of housing provision for the population of the republic through effective management of the state’s housing and demographic strategy. The study focuses on the interdependence of population growth factors and the dynamics of the housing stock in the village-city context, using a general scientific methodology for analysis. The article presents a correlation analysis and a predictive review of demographic and housing aspects, accounting for the interdependent dynamics of population and housing. The main results include a mutual influence analysis between demographic and housing dynamics, as well as a comparative forecast of demographic and housing parameters until 2030. The study provides recommendations for the Republican housing program “My Home” for 2021-2026. This research is important for the practical applicability and relevance of regional policy on housing and demographic issues.
Environmental and energy opportunities in the Arctic zone for the transition to a circular economy
Authors: Golovina Tatyana , Avdeeva Irina , Matveev Vladislav , Adamenko Aleksandr , Parakhina Larisa
Published: November 2023

The relevance of the study is determined by the need for scientifically-based approaches to the introduction of circular economy technologies in the Arctic zone based on accounting and assessment of the environmental and energy capabilities of this territory. Sustainable economic development with minimal negative impact on the environment is one of the biggest global challenges. Since today’s linear economy increasingly contributes to the problems of sustainable development, it is important to work on creating a closed-cycle economy in which the cycle of resources-production-use-waste is closed. The purpose of the study is to study the concept of circular economy and the possibility of its use in the socio-ecological and economic development of the Arctic zone. The objectives of the research are the following: systematization of theoretical approaches to the study of the circular economy concept; identification of economic, energy opportunities, and problems in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation for the transition to a circular economy; justification of the feasibility of using modern business models of the closed-cycle economy in the Arctic zone industries; development of state support directions for the circular economy development in the Arctic zone. The methodological and methodic basis of the research are the methods of systematic, comparative analysis, text mining, empirical verification. The results of the study are the substantiation of the possibility of introducing circular economy technologies in the national economy, considering the peculiarities of socio-ecological and economic development of the Arctic zone; the development of scientifically sound proposals for the transition to a closed-cycle economy based on the interaction of public authorities and business structures.
The impact of energy consumption, FDI, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Central Asia. Empirical evidence from panel ARDL
Authors: Sobirov Yuldoshboy , Tukhtamurodov Akobir , Karimov Mamurbek , Bekjanov Dilmurad , Avezov Mirzobek
Published: November 2023

Utilizing Panel ARDL and a panel Granger causality test, this paper examines the influence of GDP, energy usage, FDI, and trade openness on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in three specific Central Asian countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan, from 1997 to 2021. PMG approach findings indicate that energy usage, FDI, and trade have a statistically significant positive impact on CO2 emissions, but GDP has a negative and statistically significant effect on CO2 emissions. In the short-run, only FDI and energy consumption have statistically significant impact on CO2 emissions, negative and positive, respectively. Granger non-causality test also verifies that each variables have a granger cause on CO2 emissions in Central Asian countries.
Development of algorithms for prediction of the technological process
Authors: Rakhmanov Sh.R. , Turaev K.
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the development of algorithms for predicting and automatically controlling the process of microalgae cultivation. For the operational management of production, it is necessary to be able to evaluate the values of the criterion during the process for short periods of time and predict the influence of control actions on the optimality criterion. Since the cultivation process can be carried out in periodic or continuous modes, it is necessary to consider the possibilities and conditions for choosing the optimality criterion. For continuous mode, when at each moment of time the state of the process is determined only by the parameters of the state and does not depend on the state of the process at previous moments of time, an estimation instant can be used. In this case, the criterion will have the meaning of the instantaneous value of the process productivity, referred to profit. In this case, it is a criterion that is directly related to the profit of the considered class of objects. Therefore, it is expedient to choose an optimality criterion in the form of a target product maximization problem. It follows from this expression that for N cultivators connected in series, the total residence time T = 1/λN must be distributed equally among all cultivators, if individually they have the same volume.
Assessment of the thermal accumulating solar stations efficiency
Authors: Burkova Elena V. , Burkov Dmitry V.
Published: November 2023

The impact of heat-generating facilities on the environmental condition of adjacent territories is assessed. The possibility of using solar energy to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment is substantiated. It is proposed to create cascade solar installations to provide hot water supply to residential buildings and industrial facilities. A scheme of a solar power station with a seasonal solar energy accumulator based on depleted quarries to ensure year-round supply of hot water is proposed. A mathematical model is proposed for calculating the efficiency of solar collectors with transparent and rear insulation, which make up the third stage of a three-stage solar DHW system. The relative error of mathematical models in comparison with test data is presented. The average monthly efficiency of the third cascade of calculated mathematical models for climatic conditions of the Crimean peninsula is given. A refined algorithm for calculating the efficiency of solar collectors of the third stage has been developed.
Sustainable Nanocarbon Synthesis from Locally Available Natural Raw Materials: Versatile Properties and Wide-Ranging Applications
Authors: Kholmirzaeva H.N. , Fayzullaev N.I. , Normurodov O.O. , Haydarov G.Sh.
Published: November 2023

Nanocarbon materials, characterized by their exceptional properties and nanoscale structure, have garnered significant attention for their diverse applications in energy storage, catalysis, and water purification. This review article explores the sustainable synthesis of nanocarbon from locally available natural raw materials, such as walnut shells, rice husks, and bamboo. By harnessing waste materials, researchers promote environmental consciousness and cost-effectiveness, while also reducing waste accumulation and resource consumption. The classification of nanocarbons, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and activated carbon, offers insights into their unique advantages and potential applications. Moreover, the versatility of extraction methods, such as pyrolysis, carbonization, and activation, enables the tailoring of nanocarbon properties to suit specific applications. The wide-ranging applications of nanocarbon materials, from energy storage to biomedical uses, highlight their immense potential in addressing diverse challenges and driving technological advancements. By embracing sustainable practices in nanocarbon synthesis, this review underscores the pivotal role of locally sourced nanocarbon materials in promoting a greener and more resilient future.
Some areas of development of foreign cooperation in the higher education system
Authors: Hudayberganov Dilshod , Rakhimov Tukhtabek , Rakhimbaev Akmal , Yusupova Ilmira , Sapaeva Nilufar
Published: November 2023

In this paper presents the essence of international cooperation in the higher education system, the content, opportunities, some directions and aspects of developing effective relations based on this joint cooperation relationship, and the methods of its implementation are sufficiently described on the example of the system of higher education institutions in our country. Also, research idea and implemented results aimed at interdependently harmonizing, integrating, coordinating and improving foreign cooperation relations between high education organizations of the two countries in the higher education system are highlighted. Also, the conclusions aimed at the development of educational-cooperative relations of students in foreign countries in the higher education system are stated, the results of the questionnaire survey conducted among students are highlighted, and the usability aspects of cooperative relations are proposed based on these results.
Role of educational services in innovative and sustainable development of region
Authors: Doschanov Tangirbergan , Chuponov Sanat , Ataev Jasur , Aliyeva Gulnara , Sapayeva Nilufar
Published: November 2023

The aim of the paper is to learn about the problems of innovative development in higher education, effects of government authority engagement in education, the influence of education quality to export of educational services, as well as the role of innovative educational services on the socio-economic development. To achieve the result, statistical data were analyzed and surveys were conducted among teaching staff and foreign students of three higher educational institutions in the region. For the research developed a questionnaire and conducted surveys among foreign students who studying in Uzbek universities. The survey aimed at estimating qualification and evaluating experience of university staff. As mentioned respondents were foreign students, who can make a comparison with other countries university staff and make an evaluation. Used econometric tools to analyze developed database based on the results of survey. According results export of educational services are depending on X3 factors, which shows possibilities of teachers and students participating in remote training and distance learning. As well, as X4 factors estimating role and responsibilities of pedagogical staff in teaching foreign students.
Social assessments of the safety of educational institutions in youth in the context of gender and material security
Authors: Eflova Maria , Savelieva Zhanna
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the social assessments of safety in educational institutions among young individuals, considering gender and material security factors. The research, conducted between October 2022 and May 2023, involved surveys and interviews with 1183 students aged 18 to 27. The study revealed that while most students assessed their awareness of safety positively, there were disparities between genders and financial statuses. Despite generally positive assessments, nearly 37% of students experienced fear about safety in educational institutions, with 6.8% experiencing constant fear. The authors' study of student youth demonstrated a high level of self-assessments of awareness of the rules of behavior in case of a Columbine, a high assessment of the security of educational institutions and, at the same time, a high level of fears of an armed attack. It was found that lower assessments of awareness, security of educational institutions and higher levels of fear were observed among girls as compared to boys. Youth with low material status have lower assessments of awareness, security compared to youth with medium and high financial status and experience a higher level of fear of attack. Youth see the main way to solve the problem in strengthening security, access control and technical equipment.
Increasing students’ cognitive interest through the integration of disciplines
Authors: Kozhabekova Elmira , Yermekova Zhadyra , Ramazanova Sara
Published: November 2023

One of the main features of the updated educational content introduced into the general education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the improvement of pedagogical skills of teachers in the use of "interdisciplinary topics" in the classroom. The organization of interdisciplinary communication, in turn, increases the interest in the subject and activates the student’s critical thinking. With the skillful use of interdisciplinary connections, it contributes to the formation of all the functions of teaching: the system of scientific knowledge, generalized cognitive skills, broad cognitive interests, students’ worldviews. Implementation of interdisciplinary connections allows students to see the integrity of the image of the world, a clear understanding of the objectives of education. Therefore, in the article we have considered ways to use interdisciplinary connections in order to increase the cognitive interest of students in Physics lessons, in particular, the use of historical data in Physics lessons. Ways to solve the problem of increasing interest in physics through interdisciplinary communication, taking into account international and domestic experience. According to our research topic, we have analyzed the possibilities of developing students’ cognitive interest in the process of teaching the subject “Methods of teaching Physics” in the educational program 6B01502 – “Physics Teacher Training”. A plan of seminar topics on “Discovery of interdisciplinary links between Physics and History” was prepared, an experimental examination was conducted, quantitative and qualitative differences between control and experimental classes were identified. According to the results of experimental work, an increase in the level of students’ knowledge through the use of interdisciplinary connections in Physics and History was identified during the lesson.
The influence of intelligence types on the professional choice of high school students: On the example of specialized classes of psychological and pedagogical orientation
Authors: Khaliullina Liliya R. , Askhadullina Nailya N. , Akhmetova Guldana E. , Ledeneva Anastasia V.
Published: November 2023

At present, the problem of increasing the prestige of the teaching profession and attracting school graduates to higher educational organizations of a pedagogical orientation is acutely identified. In this regard, measures have been taken at the state level to create specialized psychological and pedagogical classes. This article is devoted to the consideration of the influence of intelligence types on the professional choice of high school students studying in profile classes of a psychological and pedagogical orientation. It has been found that people with a certain type of intelligence may be more drawn to a career that requires certain skills or abilities. For example, people with strong analytical skills may be attracted to a career in engineering or finance, while those with strong interpersonal skills may be attracted to a career in the human-to-human field, which is the teaching profession. As a result of the application of the diagnostic technique of the plurality of intellects by H. Gardner, the dominant types of intellect of students in profile classes of a psychological and pedagogical orientation were identified. Determination of pronounced and less pronounced types of intelligence in high school students made it possible to determine the vectors of further interaction with students to consolidate them in the teaching profession.
Model for the development of design solutions in the framework of strategic planning for the development of rural areas
Authors: Ruchkin Aleksey
Published: November 2023

The authors present a model for analyzing the current state of rural areas and developing design solutions for strategic development. Based on the analysis of the methods used in the course of strategic planning, the authors highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the methods of analysis used. The essential characteristics of the model are revealed from the standpoint of strategic planning and actions of local governments. The purpose of the study is to offer a unified model for effective strategic planning for the development of rural areas, which increases the efficiency of local governments. The proposed indicators and steps of step-by-step strategic planning are revealed in a meaningful way, the need to take them into account in strategic planning is substantiated.
Nachhaltige StadtGesundheit als Denk- und
Handlungsansatz
Authors: Fehr Rainer , Hornberg Claudia
Published: November 2023

Das Themen- und Arbeitsfeld Urban Health, also die Anwendung von Public Health
für die Menschen in der Stadt, ist sowohl auf wissenschaftliche
Erkenntnis als auch auf Handlungspraxis ausgerichtet. Im internationalen Raum
existiert dafür eine wissenschaftliche Infrastruktur. Trotz gemeinsamer
Wurzeln von Public Health und Stadtplanung auch in Deutschland trat hier die
Verbindung dieser Arbeitsfelder für lange Zeit nur wenig in Erscheinung.
Gesetzliche Vorgaben zur Mitwirkung des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes
an (Stadt-)Planungsprozessen entwickelten bisher wenig Durchschlagskraft. So
entstand die Absicht, Anschluss an die internationalen Urban
Health-Entwicklungen zu finden, um das Thema sichtbarer zu machen, den
fachlichen Austausch zu unterstützen und Impulse für Forschung
und Praxis zu geben. Um die engen Verbindungen zwischen menschlicher Gesundheit,
ökologischer Stabilität und sozialer Gerechtigkeit zum Ausdruck
zu bringen, wurde der Ansatz als Nachhaltige StadtGesundheit konzipiert. In
diesem Sinne startete 2011 das Programm „Stadt der Zukunft –
Gesunde, nachhaltige Metropolen“. Dieser Beitrag charakterisiert den
Grundansatz als integrierend und anschaulich, beschreibt die Leitprinzipien
(„Blickfelderweiterung“ als erkenntnisleitendes und
„Brückenbau“ als handlungsleitendes Prinzip) und
umreißt die Ausgestaltung. Das Spektrum der Themenfelder reicht von
medizinischer und pflegerischer Versorgung über
„klassische“ Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung
hin zu „Gesundheit in allen Politikfeldern“. Innerhalb dieses
Ansatzes lassen sich einerseits „kleinere“ Aufgaben verfolgen,
bspw. ein Überblick über lokale Gesundheitsaktionen und
-akteure; eine Vernetzungsförderung; oder das Aufbewahren bedeutsamer
Entwicklungen im kollektiven Gedächtnis. Zum anderen geht es um
Beiträge zur Lösung „großer“ Aufgaben,
bspw. die Ableitung von Folgerungen aus der Corona-Lernerfahrung; eine
konsequentere Umsetzung von Health in All Policies; oder Transformationsschritte
in Richtung einer ökologisch nachhaltigen Gesellschaftsentwicklung. Als
Leitmotive kommen Rechtsnormen, Öffentlicher Gesundheitsdienst,
Gesundheitsberichterstattung und Stadtplanung zur Sprache. Der Beitrag
umreißt auch die Genese der Positionspapiere in diesem Supplementband
und schließt mit einem Ausblick.
Stadtplanung, urbane Initiativen und Gesundheit
Authors: Köckler Heike , Knieling Jörg , Fehr Rainer
Published: November 2023

Stadtplanung und Public Health sind zentrale Handlungsfelder, um Stadtentwicklung
aus einer gesundheitlichen Perspektive zu betrachten. In beiden Handlungsfeldern
spielen Politik und Verwaltung ebenso wie urbane Initiativen eine gestaltende
Rolle. Das Handeln richtet sich auf die gemeinsamen übergeordneten
Themenlinien Zukunftsfähigkeit, soziale Gerechtigkeit und umweltbezogene
Gerechtigkeit aus. Diese Gemeinsamkeiten spiegeln sich in unterschiedlichen
Memoranden wider. Trotz dieser gemeinsamen Basis von Stadtplanung und
Gesundheitswesen gibt es Spannungsfelder, die unter anderem in verschiedenen
rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und Handlungslogiken begründet liegen. Vor
diesem Hintergrund werden Empfehlungen für die Wissenschaft, die
Förderlandschaft, die Praxis sowie die Aus- und Weiterbildung
formuliert.
Diagnostic approach to splenic lesions
Authors: Krähling Hermann , Seidensticker Max , Heindel Walter L. , Gerwing Mirjam
Published: November 2023

Background Splenic lesions are rare and mostly incidental findings on cross-sectional imaging. Most lesions are of benign nature and can be correctly identified based on imaging characteristics. Further, invasive evaluation is only necessary in cases of splenic lesions with uncertain or potentially malignant etiology.

Method While in most cases a correct diagnosis can be made from computed tomography (CT), (additional) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can aid in the identification of lesions. As these lesions are rare, only a few of the differential diagnoses are regularly diagnosed in the clinical routine.

Result and Conclusion This review presents the differential diagnoses of splenic lesions, including imaging characteristics and a flowchart to determine the right diagnosis. In conjunction with laboratory results and clinical symptoms, histological workup is necessary only in a few cases, especially in incidental findings. In these cases, image-guided biopsies should be preferred over splenectomy, if possible.

Key Points 

Citation Format
Prediction Models for Successful External Cephalic Version: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Yerrabelli Rahul Sai , Lee Claire , Palsgaard Peggy K. , Lauinger Alexa R. , Abdelsalam Omer , Jennings Valerie
Published: November 2023

Objective To review the decision aids currently available or being developed to predict a patient's odds that their external cephalic version (ECV) will be successful.

Study Design We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2015 to 2022. Articles from a pre-2015 systematic review were also included. We selected English-language articles describing or evaluating models (prediction rules) designed to predict an outcome of ECV for an individual patient. Acceptable model outcomes included cephalic presentation after the ECV attempt and whether the ECV ultimately resulted in a vaginal delivery. Two authors independently performed article selection following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Since 2015, 380 unique records underwent title and abstract screening, and 49 reports underwent full-text review. Ultimately, 17 new articles and 8 from the prior review were included. Of the 25 articles, 22 proposed one to two models each for a total of 25 models, while the remaining 3 articles validated prior models without proposing new ones.

Results Of the 17 new articles, 10 were low, 6 moderate, and 1 high risk of bias. Almost all articles were from Europe (11/25) or Asia (10/25); only one study in the last 20 years was from the United States. The models found had diverse presentations including score charts, decision trees (flowcharts), and equations. The majority (13/25) had no form of validation and only 5/25 reached external validation. Only the Newman–Peacock model (United States, 1993) was repeatedly externally validated (Pakistan, 2012 and Portugal, 2018). Most models (14/25) were published in the last 5 years. In general, newer models were designed more robustly, used larger sample sizes, and were more mathematically rigorous. Thus, although they await further validation, there is great potential for these models to be more predictive than the Newman–Peacock model.

Conclusion Only the Newman–Peacock model is ready for regular clinical use. Many newer models are promising but require further validation.

Key Points
Weight Loss, Stability, and Low Weight Gain during Pregnancy among Individuals with Obesity: Associations with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: An Observational Study
Authors: Widen Elizabeth M. , Nichols Amy R. , Harper Lorie , Cahill Alison , Davis Jaimie N. , Foster Saralyn F. , Rickman Rachel R. , Xu Fei , Hedderson Monique M.
Published: November 2023

Objective The safety of weight loss and low weight gain during pregnancy remains unclear. To determine how different patterns of gestational weight gain (GWG), including weight loss, stability, and low GWG relate to perinatal outcomes by prepregnancy obesity class.

Study Design The study population included 29,408 singleton livebirths among pregnant people with obesity from Kaiser Permanente Northern California (2008–2013). Clinically measured GWG was grouped into meaningful categories (Adequate: reference, met 2009 National Academy of Medicine [NAM] Guidelines [5–9.1 kg], Excessive [>9.1 kg], Low [1–4.9 kg], Stable [±1 kg], Weight Loss [>1 kg]) or GWG Z-score quintiles. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate risk of adverse outcomes, stratified by obesity class. Electronic health record data were used to define outcomes, including cesarean delivery, preterm birth, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, small- and large-for-gestational age infants.

Results Prevalence of weight stability and weight loss was 3.8 and 3.4%, respectively. Compared with those who gained within NAM, increased risk of small-for-gestational age was observed among those with weight loss among obesity class I (Risk Ratio (RR): 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12, 2.19), obesity class II (RR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.52, 3.13), and obesity class III (RR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.45). Weight loss was associated with a decreased risk of cesarean delivery among obesity class III, compared with NAM.

Conclusion Weight loss during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of small-for-gestational age among all obesity classes, but not other adverse perinatal outcomes and may reduce risk of cesarean delivery. Low weight gain and weight stability are not associated with risk of adverse outcomes among those with class III obesity. GWG guidelines may need to vary by obesity class.

Key Points
Applying Lessons Learned from Developing Exon Skipping for Duchenne to Developing Individualized Exon Skipping Therapy for Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Aartsma-Rus Annemieke
Published: November 2023

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are short, modified pieces of DNA that are chemically modified. They can be used to induce exon skipping and treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients by interfering with the splicing process so mutated dystrophin transcripts become readable allowing production of partially functional dystrophin proteins, rather than nonfunctional dystrophins. After over 2 decades of research, 4 ASOs are FDA approved for DMD, but clinical effects are suboptimal due to limited delivery to skeletal muscle. At the same time, ASOs for brain diseases result in much more functional impact, because local delivery allows higher exposure to the target tissue at a low dose and infrequent treatment regimen. This has opened the way to develop ASOs in an individualized setting, as was exemplified by the development of Milasen to treat a patient with CLN7 Batten disease.

In this perspective paper I will share my personal journey as one of the pioneers of ASO-mediated exon skipping development for DMD, currently applying expertise gained and lessons learned along the way to develop exon skipping ASOs for eligible patients with genetic brain diseases in a national and international setting.

1 Duchenne and Antisense-Mediated Exon Skipping

2 Opportunities for Treating Central Nervous System Diseases and Developing Individualized ASOs for Central Nervous System Diseases

3 Collaborative Spirit to Develop Individualized Treatments Globally

4 Global Implementation

5 Concluding Remarks
Defluorinative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations
Authors: Rodríguez Paula , Duran Jordi , Companyó Xavier , Gisbert Martí
Published: November 2023

The introduction of allyl fluorides as alternative electrophiles in asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions has recently attracted significant interest. Despite the intrinsic thermodynamically demanding C–F bond-cleavage event, the fluorophilic nature of the silicon atom is key in assisting the activation and cleavage of the allylic C–F bond. Thus, the use of silylated compounds as unconventional nucleophiles, together with the Lewis basicity of fluorine when acting as a leaving group, enables the development of innovative chemical transformations within mild and selective catalytic schemes. This Synpacts article summarizes the diverse defluorinative asymmetric allylic alkylations with allyl fluorides reported to date under both chiral Lewis base and transition-metal catalysis.