bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PADA MATERI BILANGAN BULAT KELAS VII SMP N 1 SENAYANG
Authors: Marqozi Muhammad , Widiati Indah , Andrian Dedek , Masruroh Faridatul
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi bilangan bulat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian merupakan siswa kelas VII SMP N 1 Senayang yang berjumlah 22 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik tes menggunakan instrumen tes uraian dan teknik non tes berupa pedoman observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan melalui beberapa tahapan yang meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa; (1) S-12 melakukan kesalahan menggunakan rumus, melakukan kesalahan operasi penyelesaian, dan kesalahan menyimpulkan jawaban. (2) S-6 melakukan kesalahan operasi penyelesaian dan kesalahan menyimpulkan jawaban. (3) S-2 melakukan kesalahan menggunakan rumus, kesalahan operasi penyelesaian, dan kesalahan menyimpulkan jawaban. (4) S-16 melakukan kesalahan menggunakan rumus, kesalahan operasi penyelesaian, dan kesalahan dalam menyimpulkan jawaban. (5) S-19 melakukan kesalahan memahami, kesalahan menggunakan rumus, kesalahan operasi penyelesaian, dan kesalahan dalam menyimpulkan. (6) S-22 melakukan kesalahan menggunakan rumus, kesalahan operasi penyelesaian, dan kesalahan menyimpulkan jawaban.
Software GeoGebra as a Proposal for Mathematical Modeling Problems
Authors: Sousa Renata Teófilo de , Santiago Paulo Vítor da Silva , Alves Francisco Régis Vieira
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This study arises from an investigation into the difficulties in understanding Geometry and the mishaps in the interpretation of problems from the Mathematics Olympiads. The objective of this work is to present a didactic proposal that explores the resolution of Olympic issues, developing visualization skills and geometric reasoning with the support of GeoGebra software. Methodology: For this, we used Didactic Engineering as a methodology, in its first two phases - preliminary analysis and a priori analysis - considering that this study is part of an ongoing research. Findings: As a result, we present a didactic proposal that explores two questions of the International Kangaroo Mathematics, describing their resolution based on the assumptions of the Theory of Didactic Situations. Significance: Finally, we hope to contribute to the teaching work in this area and, subsequently, implement these didactic situations in the last two phases of Didactic Engineering, carrying out their experimentation, posterior analysis, and validation.
Existing Hypotheses about the Emergence of Nonsense Syllables in the Chant Tradition of Teretismata and Kratēmata in Byzantine Music
Authors: Varelas Vassileios
Published: August 2023

In the present essay, I review and evaluate the three main hypotheses about the historical background and emergence of the nonsense syllables in the chant tradition of teretismata and kratēmata in Byzantine music. The different historical hypotheses as to the historical roots and development of this singing practice are examined and analyzed thoroughly, namely those of Gregorios Stathis (1979, 2014), Diane Touliatos (1989), and Grigorios Anastasiou (2005).
The aim of the analysis is to summarise and discuss the contribution of the up-to-date historical hypotheses to the theoretical approaches of the topic, including the identification of potential flaws, lacunae and inadequacies of their explanatory power.
Touliatos takes antiquity as a starting point for her hypothesis and posits the roots of nonsense syllables in the music of Ancient Greece. After a historical gap of several centuries, those syllables reappear in the Byzantine music during the 14th c. Stathis and Anastasiou examine the phenomenon exclusively within the boundaries of Byzantine music. Before reviewing the three hypotheses concerning the historical development of nonsense syllables in Byzantine music, we must consider the sources on which the theories are postulated.
O QUE POSSO ESPERAR?
Authors: Salvador Ângelo José
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo elucidar a relação entre moral e esperança no pensamento do filósofo Immanuel Kant. A discussão será delimitada nos escritos após a fase crítica do autor em especial, a Crítica da Razão Pura, a Crítica da Razão Prática, a Metafísica dos costumes e, por a Religião dentro dos limites da Simples Razão. Nesses escritos encontramos o desenvolvimento do pensamento moral e teleológico do pensador prussiano. Pretendo demonstrar que Kant não dispensa a necessidade de uma “recompensa” no que diz respeito à prática das boas obras; no entanto, essa dádiva, por assim dizer, será conquistada no pós-morte e não pode ser o móbile da ação. Além desse objetivo, demonstrei que o aspecto “mundo” é fundamental para a edificação do sujeito moral, pois é no mundo que se desenrolará a edificação da autonomia do agir e a possibilidade de se postular a “vida futura”. Para tal, partirei da análise dos escritos kantianos e de comentadores tendo como resultado maior clareza dos aspectos do agir e da dimensão da esperança. Penso que este estudo é necessário para sanar compreensões e aprofundar o debate em torno do agir moral e da questão da felicidade na moral kantiana.
A EXPRESSÃO DO PENSAMENTO ENTRE A LIBERDADE POSITIVA E A LIBERDADE NEGATIVA:
Authors: Morais Ricardo Manoel Oliveira
Published: August 2023

RESUMO: este artigo ter por objetivo analisar a liberdade de expressão à luz das concepções de liberdade positiva e de liberdade negativa, considerando o contexto de intenso fluxo informacional aos quais os indivíduos são submetidos. Conforme será evidenciado, a liberdade de expressão, embora seja um direito fundamental, está sujeita a instrumentos de influência direita e indireta que podem fragilizá-la. Para tanto, foi feita uma revisão de bibliografias dos marcos teóricos, bem como de eventuais intérpretes que guardem coerência com os marcos. Para tanto, os marcos teóricos utilizados para compreender o problema são: os conceitos de liberdade de Isaiah Berlin (“Dois conceitos de liberdade”); o utilitarismo de Stuart Mill sobre a liberdade de expressão; as novas formas de populismo digital do século XXI, a partir das reflexões de Giuliano da Empoli (Os engenheiros do caos). Será também objeto de análise o fenômeno do fluxo informacional intensificado em um horizonte no qual a “opinião pública” manifestada pode tanto ser objeto de manipulação quanto de censura, a partir de Bonavides (Ciência Política). A contribuição que se pretende é a de colocar questões (sem necessariamente respondê-las de forma peremptória) com as quais o Estado Democrático de Direito se depara no século XXI.
O BRILHO DA FACA NA PONTA DA LÍNGUA
Authors: Souza Ana Letícia Martins de
Published: August 2023

Da kehre, seguimos Heidegger no alargamento desde a analítica existencial ao dom do Ser no Ereignis, expressão da co-pertença Ser-Dasein na diferença ontológica. Os muitos dizeres do homem enraizam-se no ser do Dasein, compreensão-de-ser (Seinsverständnis). De outro lado, enquanto dom do Ser, o mundo torna-se linguagem no ser de tudo que é, através das coisas sendo ao Dasein e o dizer, resposta do chamado do Ser, donde advém o dito. A linguagem deixa de ser um atributo ou instrumento de expressão humana, de que faz uso racionalmente e conta com uma ontologia porque é, também, ser. Gestar aponta para a interação coisas-mundo e revela a convocação do Dasein ao dizer: tentativa de co-responder ao ser do Ser, sendo no mundo, limitadamente e, no entanto, fazendo literatura no mundo, fazendo da literatura mundo e possibilidade do ser do próprio Dasein. O evento de Torto Arado exemplifica a dimensão existencial da literatura.
Terminology
Authors: Hjørland Birger
Published: August 2023

This article introduces the field of terminology, which often considers the Austrian engineer Eugen Wüster as its founder in the 1930s, although important principles go back in time, in particular to 18th and 19th century botanists, zoologists and chemists. The contributions of Wüster are presented, as well as the alternative theories, with their criticism of Wüster’s position, which came to influence the field after 1990. The article further suggests that domain-analytic studies based on epistemological studies of knowledge domains seems to have been overlooked. The relations between terminology and knowledge organization are addressed, and closer cooperation between the two fields is called for.
Organization of Complex Topics in Comprehensive Classification Schemes: Case Studies of Disaster and Security
Authors: Wu Yejun
Published: August 2023

This research investigates how comprehensive classifications and home-grown classifications organize complex topics. Two comprehensive classifications and two home-grown taxonomies are used to examine two complex topics: disaster and security. The two comprehensive classifications are the Library of Congress Classification and the Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries. The two home-grown taxonomies are AIRS 211 LA County Taxonomy of Human Services – Disaster Services, and the Human Security Taxonomy. It is found that a comprehensive classification may provide many subclasses of a complex topic, which are scattered in various classes. Occasionally the classification scheme may provide several small taxonomies that organize the terms of a subclass of the complex topic that are pulled from multiple classes. However, the comprehensive classification provides no organization of the major subclasses of the complex topic. The lack of organization of the major subclasses of the complex topic may prevent users from understanding the complex topic systematically, and so preventing them from selecting an appropriate classification term for the complex topic. Ideally a comprehensive classification should provide a high-level conceptual framework for the complex topic, or at least organize the major subclasses in a way that help users understand the complex topic systematically.
‚Rent a Grandma‘: aktivierte Alterskraft
Authors: Huszka Victoria
Published: August 2023

„Es muss einfach passen“: Leihgroßelternschaft ist weder ein institutionell geregeltes Tätig­keitsfeld noch als Rolle innerhalb eines Familiengefüges von vornherein geklärt. Vielmehr muss Leihgroßelternschaft als soziale Konstruktion gesehen werden, die auf unterschiedliche Normen sowie auf Alltagswissen zur individuellen Deutung und Ausgestaltung zurückgreiftDie Arbeit nimmt diese Thesezum Ausgangspunkt und fragt nach den Sinnstrukturen und Deutungsmustern von Leihgroßeltern. In fünf Fallportraits wird gezeigt, wie Leihgroßelternschaf durch Bezugnahmen auf gesellschaftlicheund subjektive Vorstellungsbilder von Familie, Alter und Großelternschaftjeweils unterschiedlich gedeutet und ausgehandelt wird. Zentrale Frage ist hierbei, welcher Stellenwert in diesen Erzählungen den Praktiken des „Gebens“ zugeschrie­ben wird, einem wiederkehrenden Motiv in den Diskursen um ehrenamtliche Arbeit im Alter und Fürsorgearbeit im Allgemeinen.

 

Reihe

Münchner ethnographische Schriften - Band 26
Prevalencia de automedicación en estudiantes que cursan el bachillerato en una Universidad Mexicana
Authors: Romero Flores Adalid , Bernabé Villanueva Gadiel , Cortes Altamirano Elvis , Villanueva Morales Javier
Published: August 2023

Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de automedicación en estudiantes de bachillerato de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, el objetivo  de la investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de automedicación en los estudiantes, el tamaño de la muestra fue de 249, mujeres 151 y hombres 58, el análisis fue transversal y descriptivo,  encontrando que las mujeres se automedican más que los hombres, la edad con mayor prevalencia es de 17 años para ambos sexos,  mujeres un  53.0 % y hombres un 44.9 %, los medicamentos con mayor  consumo por los estudiantes de la preparatoria No. 36 son los AINES (analgésicos antiinflamatorios no esteroides), de este grupo es el paracetamol con un 96.0 %, así mismo  demostró que la prevalencia para obtener los medicamentos para llevar acabo la práctica de la automedicación en la farmacia, las mujeres lo adquiere en la farmacia un 55.82 %, en tanto los hombres  un 35.74 %.
Transudative Tuberculous Pleural Effusion Mimicking Massive Pericardial Effusion: A Case Report
Authors: Ahmed Said Abdirahman , Hassan Mohamed Omar , Abdi Ishak Ahmed , Keilie Ali Mohamed Warsame , Mohamud Mire Waberi  , Abdi Ahmed Elmi , Ali Abdijalil Abdullahi
Published: August 2023

The presentation of a patient with a pleural effusion can range from an incidental finding to a serious condition, which can lead to being hemodynamically compromised. Here, we discuss a 24-year-old male with a history of childhood tuberculosis who presented with shortness of breath (SOB), a non-productive cough, and recent weight loss. On examination, he was dyspnoeic but alert. On echocardiographic evaluation, a massive effusion that looked like a massive pericardial effusion was seen, while a further CT scan of the thorax showed a massive unilateral left-sided pleural effusion. Although no tuberculosis (TB) was seen in the sample of thoracocentesis, the patient was referred to a TB centre because of a history of previous tuberculosis and recent weight loss. Pleural effusion and pericardial effusion can be differentiated using echocardiography. In conditions where it is impossible, further imaging, like computer tomography, may be needed to differentiate between them.
Keywords:Pleural effusion; Tuberculosis; Pericardial effusion; Cardiac tamponade
توظيف مقاصد القرآن في قصة ضيف إبراهيم ودواعيه في إقامة الدعوة الاسلامية دراسة تحليلية
Authors: Taufik Hidayat Fatmah , Sari Masyhur Laila
Published: August 2023

Honouring guests is an Islamic religious doctrine and a concern and humanity that is a parameter of the quality of one's faith. So far, the study that discusses visiting from the perspective of the Qur'an has only answered part of the problem regarding the manners and ethics of honoring guests, while the discussion of a verse can be explored for the purposes and objectives behind it, including knowing the values of Islamic values that uphold the morality and behaviour of a Muslim in the Qur'an. This study uses a type of library research with the method of maqasidi interpretation approach to describe the maqasid al-Qur'an initiated by Wshfi Asyur with the aim of examining the intention behind the verse. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are; first, that the maqasidi interpretation of the verse glorifying a guest in the story of dhayif Ibrahim proves one of the aspects and essence of Islam as a whole, because the behaviour of glorifying guests is oriented towards solving the problems of people, not only for Muslims but for humanity as a whole. Secondly, this study emphasises that an in-depth, balanced and comprehensive reading makes the interpretation of the verse glorifying guests capable of presenting Islam as it is as a whole. And create a unity of concern
Entrepreneurial Leadership of School Principals in Improving Teacher Welfare at SMA Negeri Unggul in Pidie Jaya Regency
Authors: Shaleha Amelia , Harun Cut Zahri , Niswanto Niswanto
Published: August 2023

Principal entrepreneurship management is one of the factors that influence the welfare of teachers in carrying out their duties. The purpose of this study was to find out how innovation programs, implementation strategies, motivations, and obstacles to school principals improve entrepreneurial leadership for teacher welfare. In this study used an approach known as a qualitative approach. Research data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study are: 1) Principals already have qualifications in innovation programs in improving teacher welfare. This can be seen from the programs that are running late or those that have been planned by the school principal; 2) One of the principal's strategies in improving teacher welfare is by focusing on business units in schools; 3) The principal's motivation in improving teacher welfare is by holding seminars attended by student guardians and seminars held for teachers, as well as providing support to teachers who wish to continue their studies; 4) Obstacles faced by school principals in improving teacher welfare, one of which is inadequate school facilities so that the activities of teachers are hampered in carrying out their duties.
Catalogue and red list of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) from South America
Authors: Cardiel José María , Muñoz-Rodríguez Pablo , González-Berdasco Álvaro , Montero-Muñoz Iris
Published: August 2023

A checklist with preliminary conservation assessments of native South American species of Acalypha is presented. This work is supported by the study of ca 6500 herbarium specimens and an in-depth literature review. As a result, 87 species (83 native and four introduced) and eight subspecies are accepted, and a further 395 names are considered synonyms. Geographical distribution, habitat, and altitudinal range for all species are also indicated. Brazil is the richest country in number of species of Acalypha (40), followed by Peru (32), Bolivia (29), Colombia and Ecuador—including Galapagos Islands—(24), Venezuela (18), Argentina (17), Paraguay (13), Guyana (8), Uruguay (5), French Guiana (4), and Suriname (3). The presence of the genus Acalypha in Chile is reported for the first time, alongside new country records of A. poiretii in Peru and A. venezuelica in Guatemala. The specimens previously identified as A. plicata from Colombia and Venezuela, are here considered belonging to A. cuspidata. The red list provided follows IUCN criteria and includes 39 species and three subspecies, 47% of total native species of Acalypha in South America: 16 species and one subspecies Critically Endangered (nine of them probably extinct), 15 species and two subspecies Endangered, and eight species Vulnerable.
Importance of the lactate shuttle between astrocytes and neurons for brain activation
Authors: Roumes Hélène , Jollé Charlotte , Blanc Jordy , Benkhaled Imad , Massot Philippe , Biran Marc , Chatain Carolina , Raffard Gérard , Bouchaud Véronique , Deglon Nicole , Zimmer Eduardo , Pellerin Luc , Bouzier-Sore Anne-Karine
Published: August 2023

For decades, it was claimed that glucose was the sole and sufficient energy substrate to sustain neuronal activity and brain function. Our results challenge this view by demonstrating that despite glucose availability, lactate shuttling from astrocytes to neurons via monocarboxylate transporters is necessary to give rise to the BOLD signal in the rat cerebral cortex following whisker stimulation. Moreover, lactate shuttling turned out to be also essential for sustaining behavioral performance associated with activation of the rat barrel cortex. These findings call for a reappraisal of neuroenergetics and the role of astrocytes in determining brain activation and function.
Quantification of sulcal emergence in the fetal brain: hemispheric asymmetry and sex difference
Authors: Yun Hyuk Jin , Lee Hyun Ju , Lee Joo Young , Tarui Tomo , Rollins Caitlin , Ortinau Cynthia , Feldman Henry , Grant P. , Im Kiho
Published: August 2023

Sulcal emergence is important to assess normality of early fetal brain development. Thus, we proposed a quantitative approach to build an accurate timetable of sulcal emergence. Using a large sample of fetuses, we automatically extracted cortical surfaces and detected presence and absences of each sulcus. By fitting a logistic curve to sulcal presence/absence, the timing and inter-subject variability of sulcal emergence were estimated. We also found hemispheric asymmetry and sex difference in the timing and variability of sulcal emergence. Our quantitative timetable concurs with previous reports but provides more precise information and allow statistical comparison.
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Subcortical Gray Matter Microstructure and Volume in the Developing Brain
Authors: Watts Richard , Casey BJ , Filippi Christopher
Published: August 2023

Using 9-10 year old monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study, we investigated the genetic and environmental contributions to microstructure (assessed using diffusion MRI and a restriction spectrum imaging model) and volume in nine subcortical gray matter regions. Heritability estimates range from 0.45 to 0.86 for microstructure, and 0.61 to 0.88 for volumes. Only the microstructure of the amygdala showed evidence of sensitivity to the shared environment.
Choroid plexus function and structure across the lifespan as evaluated using perfusion-weighted MRI: implications for glymphatic dysfunction
Authors: Eisma Jarrod , McKnight Colin , Hett Kilian , Elenberger Jason , Claassen Daniel , Donahue Manus
Published: August 2023

The choroid plexus (ChP) has gained recent attention due to its potential functional relevance for cerebral glymphatic circulation. Here, a novel arterial spin labelling sequence and deep learning algorithm were applied to quantify ChP volume, perfusion, and volumetric flow across the healthy lifespan and in neurodegenerative participants with Parkinson’s disease (PD) to test the hypotheses that ChP hypertrophy and hypoperfusion are associated with increasing age and neurodegeneration. ChP volume increased with age, whereas perfusion decreased with age (p<0.01). In PD, ChP volumetric flow increases were more pronounced relative to age-matched healthy controls, consistent with compensatory stimulation of cerebrospinal fluid production.
MR-double-zero - Can a machine discover new MRI contrasts, such as metabolite concentration?
Authors: Mueller Sebastian , Glang Felix , Herz Kai , Scheffler Klaus , Zaiss Moritz
Published: August 2023

Discovery of MR contrast and/or conventional sequence parameter optimization usually requires a theoretical model to describe MR physics. Here we investigate if novel contrasts can be found by directly running numerical optimization on a real MRI scanner instead of a simulation. To this end, a derivative-free optimization algorithm is set up to repeatedly update and execute a parametrized sequence on the scanner and map the acquired signals to a given target contrast. As proof-of-principle, we show that this enables creatine concentration mapping by learning a CEST-prepared sequence, which is found solely based on known target concentrations in a phantom.
Comparative Review of Algorithms and Methods for proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) quantification
Authors: Daudé Pierre , Kober Frank , Gouny Sylviane Confort , Bernard Monique , Rapacchi Stanislas
Published: August 2023

An open-source toolbox has been implemented to compare state-of-the-art open-source fat-water separation algorithms over synthetic multi-echo data. Data varied in fat-fraction, B0, SNR, number of echoes and echo spacings. Most algorithms proved to be biased for 3 echoes data. For 5 echoes and more, six algorithms were comparable, but two algorithms proved to be inaccurate. Echo spacing scheme impacted quantitative limits of agreements. For proton-density fat-fraction(PDFF) quantification in the extreme ranges, graph-cut approaches provided similar results while IDEAL-CE provided more reliable results. Interestingly, the toolbox also revealed PDFF/T2* quantification to be sensitive to the choice of the fat spectrum.
Longitudinal 23Na MRI in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gerhalter Teresa , Chen Anna , Dehkharghani Seena , Peralta Rosemary , Babb James , Bushnik Tamara , Zarate Alejandro , Silver Jonathan , Im Brian , Wall Stephen , Brown Ryan , Kirov Ivan , Madelin Guillaume
Published: August 2023

In this longitudinal sodium MRI study, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients and controls were scanned at 3T. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate total sodium concentrations (TSC) in global grey and white matter (GM, WM). Patient GM TSC increased back to control levels at 3-month and 1-year follow-ups. Decreased GM and WM TSC measured at one month were associated with worse cognitive performance, but not worse symptomalogy, at the follow-up visits.
Ultra-high-resolution multi-parametric imaging on rats using MULTIPLEX at 9.4T
Authors: Ye Yongquan , Zhai Renkuan , Lei Hongxia
Published: August 2023

In this work, we report the initial experience of a state-of-the-art single-scan, high-resolution multi-parametric method, i.e. MULTIPLEX, on a 9.4T animal system. Ultra-high-resolution multi-parametric images with 0.12mm isotropic voxels were achieved on ex-vivo rat brain with atlas level anatomical details, while high resolution (0.1x0.1x0.4mm3) results with sufficient SNR were achieved with in-vivo rat brain.
Twenty-channel, Highly-stretchable, Overlapped, Receive (THOR) Array
Authors: Vincent Jana , Robb Fraser , Taracila Victor , Rispoli Joseph
Published: August 2023

There has been a trend towards lightweight, flexible coils that provide greater SNR and patient comfort. To improve upon these coils and expand on existing stretchable designs, we present an omnidirectionally-stretchable, twenty-channel coil made with conductive thread on athletic fabric for use as a multipurpose coil. This coil was used to obtain in vivo images of anatomies including the wrist and ankle. Greater image quality and sensitivity can be seen with the stretchable coil compared to the commercial flexible coil. The stretchable coil was easier to place, able to be positioned more closely, and was more comfortable for the subjects.
Transmission Line Receiver Coils (TLCs) for MRI
Authors: Maravilla Julian , Gopalan Karthik , Arias Ana , Lustig Michael
Published: August 2023

Recent advancements in MRI coil design have been made towards designing and efficiently manufacturing tailor-made MRI receive arrays utilizing a multitude of different manufacturing techniques. However, the coils in these arrays must be decoupled geometrically to prevent detuning of the individual channels. This work evaluates Twisted Pair and Microstrip based receiver coils and compares their performance to Coaxial and traditional coils in terms of SNR and decoupling.
Improved Automated Central Vein Sign Assessment by Multi-Level Classification
Authors: Huelnhagen Till , Louzi Omar al , Daboul Lynn , Richiardi Jonas , Reich Daniel , Kober Tobias , Sati Pascal
Published: August 2023

Central vein sign (CVS) assessment has shown potential to improve differential diagnosis in multiple sclerosis, but automating this task remains non-trivial. As human inter-rater agreement was reported to improve by separating the tasks of lesion exclusion and CVS assessment, we hypothesized that this could also benefit automated CVS assessment. To test this hypothesis, we implemented a novel multi-level classifier for automated CVS assessment and trained and evaluated it in more than 9400 expert-reviewed lesions. The new approach outperforms previous methods, achieving per-class accuracies of 76%–83% in an unseen testing set and >90% accuracy to identify MS cases.
Myelin water and multi-shell diffusion imaging provide unique information about multiple sclerosis myelin and axonal damage
Authors: Joseph Tigris , Liu Hanwen , Kolind Shannon , Zhao Guojun , Sun Peng , Carruthers Robert , Schabas Alice , Sayao Ana-Luiza , Devonshire Virginia , Tam Roger , Wayne Moore G. R. , Li David K. B. , Song Sheng-Kwei , Traboulsee Anthony , Vavasour Irene M. , Laule Cornelia
Published: August 2023

Myelin Water Imaging (MWI), Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI) and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) were used to assessed relationships between myelin and axon-related measures in 122 multiple sclerosis (MS) participants and 16 healthy controls. Neurite density index (NDI) correlated strongly with radial diffusivity and weakly with myelin water fraction, suggesting that radial diffusivity also captures diffusion in dendrites. The lack of correlation between NDI and fiber fraction was surprising given that both metrics are meant to relate to axon density. MWI, DBSI and NODDI provide unique and complementary information about MS damage.
Imaging Optic Nerve Pathology and Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis Using Diffusion Basis Spectrum imaging
Authors: Lin Tsen-Hsuan (Abby) , Spees William , Wallendorf Michael , Sun Peng , Xu Junqian , Cross Anne , Song Sheng-Kwei
Published: August 2023

We have introduced diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to detect, differentiate, and quantify coexisting pathologies in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, we performed functional DBSI and DTI with flashing-checkerboard stimulation. DBSI-derived radial diffusivity (DBSI-RD) decreased significantly during visual stimulation while DTI-RD did not change. In this study, we employed fDBSI to assess optic nerve function and pathology simultaneously in MS. Axonal loss and vasogenic edema/increased extracellular space attenuated optic nerve response to visual stimulation.
Y-90 treatment lung shunting prediction of hepatocellular cancer using DCE MRI with kinetic modeling and quantitative transport mapping
Authors: Zhang Qihao , Lee Kyungmouk , Nguyen Thanh , Spincemaille Pascal , Wang Yi
Published: August 2023

Trans-arterial radioembolization with yttrium-90 microspheres (TARE with Y90) is a treatment for patients with liver cancers, but requires the evaluation of lung shunting fraction (LSF). Currently, LSF is estimated using a separate invasive “dry-run” with a transient radioactive Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m-MAA) that doubles the cost and risk of TARE. This study proposes to predict LSF from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE MRI) and perfusion quantification. Our preliminary data demonstrated that it is feasible to estimate LSF as measured by Tc-99m-MAA from noninvasive DCE MRI using quantitative transport mapping (QTM) velocity.
Self-Calibrating Aliasing-Controlled Simultaneous Multi-Slice MR Image Reconstruction from Generalized 3D Fourier Encoding Perspective
Authors: Lim Eun Ji , Sohn Chul-Ho , Shin Taehoon , Park Jaeseok
Published: August 2023

To jointly resolve inter-slice leakages and in-plane aliasing in undersampled SMS imaging, we proposed a novel, one-step solution for SMS-reconstruction optimally exploiting variable-density(VD) sampling from generalized 3D Fourier encoding perspective. Extended controlled aliasing is performed by upsampling VD sampled data in the kz-direction. A slice-specific null space operator is learned using extended self-calibration including CAIPI slices and in-plane images. Aliasing artifacts are jointly resolved in ky-and kz-directions by balancing null space consistency with a low rank prior while enforcing slice-specific VD-sampled data in 3D k-space. We demonstrated the proposed method outperforms competing methods at SMS=3,R=2 in head and knee.
Correlation of Soma and Neurite Density Imaging (SANDI) metrics with Allen Mouse Brain Atlas
Authors: Ianus Andrada , Carvalho Joana , Fernandes Francisca , Cruz Renata , Chavarrias Cristina , Palombo Marco , Shemesh Noam
Published: August 2023

Cross modal validation of micro-architectural features derived from diffusion MRI with contrast from other imaging modalities is critical for developing reliable imaging biomarkers. Here, we map apparent soma and neurite densities via the SANDI methodology in the in-vivo mouse brain at 9.4T and compared the derived metrics with the contrast from the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas which reflects cell body density in the brain. Our findings suggest that soma signal fraction correlates well with atlas intensities in different parts of the brain.
Multimodal brain MRI characterization of a mouse model of Down syndrome and evaluation of a pharmacological treatment.
Authors: CAILLETTE Julien , Degiorgis Laëtitia , Sourty Marion , Rame Marion , Atas-Ozcan Helin , Meijer Laurent , Herault Yann , Harsan Laura-Adela
Published: August 2023

DYRK1A protein-kinase overexpression was identified as key player in cognitive impairments observed in Down syndrome (DS) patients and in animal models. Inhibition of this kinase rescued cognitive deficits in the Dp1Yey mouse model of DS, but the associated mechanisms remain unknown. Here we used multimodal brain MRI and characterized the morphology, microstructure and functional connectivity (FC) of Dp1Yey mice. Voxel-based morphometry revealed brain-wide morphological alterations in Dp1Yey mice, while DTI analysis revealed white matter changes. Further, rsfMRI showed that pharmacologic DYRK1A inhibition modifies the functional connectivity for memory related nodes, synergistic with cognitive improvements observed in behavioral tests.
Interleaved 23Na/1H MRI of the human heart at 7 Tesla
Authors: Ruck Laurent , Wilferth Tobias , Gast Lena , Platt Tanja , Lichthardt Denise , Meixner Christian , Bitz Andreas , Lanz Titus , Konstandin Simon , Kopp Christoph , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin
Published: August 2023

A dual-nuclear interleaved 23Na/1H MRI sequence for cardiac MRI was implemented and evaluated in phantom and in vivo measurements using a 23Na body coil in combination with two 4 Tx/8 Rx 1H arrays. The 1H arrays were operated in 1Tx mode with fixed transmit magnitude/phase setting. Compared to single-nuclear sequences, the interleaved sequence led to almost identical SNR und image intensities in phantom measurements. Furthermore, the feasibility of interleaved 23Na/1H in vivo MRI measurements at 7 T was demonstrated. The interleaved approach enables reduced acquisition times and further eliminates the need for image co-registration.
Oxidation of ketone body in brain tumor patients
Authors: Pichumani Kumar , Ijare Omkar , Powell Suzanne , Baskin David
Published: August 2023

Normal brain switches to utilization of ketone bodies only during prolonged starvation. It is not known whether brain tumors can utilize ketone body under in vivo conditions. There are ongoing clinical trials on using ketogenic diet as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of brain tumors. Here, we show that brain tumors (meningioma and GBM) can fully oxidize ketone body and therefore ketogenic diet may not be effective in the treatment of these tumor patients. MCT1 is involved in the transport of BHB into tumor cells and therefore it is feasible to target BHB metabolism using MCT1 inhibitor.
Cortical layer-specific neurochemical profiles in the in-vivo mouse brain
Authors: Abaei Alireza , Deelchand Dinesh K , Roselli Francesco , Rasche Volker
Published: August 2023

The goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility to detect neurochemical differences in sub-cortical domains of the murine brain, namely upper (I-IIII) and deep (V-VI) layers. To achieve sub-microliter voxel prescription in these layers, an ultra-high field of 11.7T was used along with the single-voxel LASER sequence. Results show significantly higher taurine (13%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (36%) concentrations in the superficial cortex region compared to the deep layer, in good agreement with cellular composition of these two regions.
Fast high-resolution metabolite mapping on a preclinical 14.1T scanner using 1H-FID-MRSI
Authors: Simicic Dunja , Alves Brayan , Mosso Jessie , Lê Thanh Phong , van Heeswijk Ruud B. , Starcukova Jana , Klauser Antoine , Strasser Bernhard , Bogner Wolfgang , Cudalbu Cristina
Published: August 2023

1H-MRSI enables a simultaneous acquisition of MR-spectra from multiple spatial locations inside the brain. While 1H-MRSI is increasingly used in the human brain, its implementation in preclinical setting is limited because of the smaller size of rodent brain. At UHF for humans, 1H-FID-MRSI acquisitions are increasingly used (T2 and J-evolution minimization, increased SNR). We present the first implementation of fast 1H-FID-MRSI in the rat brain at 14.1T and exploit its potential for an increased brain coverage, reliable and accurate quantification results and metabolic maps. Our results set the grounds for a wider application of 1H-FID-MRSI in the preclinical setting.
Clinically feasible B1 field correction for multi-organ sodium imaging at 3T
Authors: Vaeggemose Michael , Schulte Rolf , Laustsen Christoffer
Published: August 2023

Sodium (23Na) MRI allows non-invasive examinations of intra-organ sodium concentrations in vivo. B1 field corrections are important determinants of the sodium signal level. However, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in sodium MRI makes accurate B1 mapping in reasonable scan times challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate Bloch-Siegert off-resonance B1 field correction of sodium images in thigh muscle, heart, kidney, and brain with the use of MRI in healthy human subjects using a 3D FLORET readout trajectory.
Using data-driven Markov chains for MRI reconstruction with Joint Uncertainty Estimation
Authors: Luo Guanxiong , Heide Martin , Uecker Martin
Published: August 2023

This works explores the use of data-driven Markov chains that are constructed from generative models for Bayesian MRI reconstruction, where the generative models utilize prior knowledge learned from an existing image database. Given the measured k-space, samples are then drawn from the posterior using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. In addition to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate for the image which is obtained with conventional methods, also a minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimate and uncertainty maps can be computed from these samples.
The deep SECRET to accelerated first-pass perfusion cardiac MRI
Authors: Martín-González Elena , Alskaf Ebraham , Chiribiri Amedeo , Casaseca-de-la-Higuera Pablo , Alberola-López Carlos , Nunes Rita G. , Correia Teresa
Published: August 2023

First-pass perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (FPP-CMR) is becoming essential to detect blow flow anomalies. However, the need for real-time acquisitions limits the achievable spatial resolution and coverage of the heart. To keep both within a reasonable range, FPP-CMR needs to be accelerated. A SElf-Supervised aCcelerated REconsTruction (SECRET) DL framework is presented to speed-up reconstruction of FPP-CMR images from undersampled (k,t)-space data. The physical reconstruction models are used to train deep neural networks without requiring fully sampled images. SECRET achieves good quality reconstructions at a variety of acceleration rates, with significant speed-ups compared to the state-of-the-art.
Multi-Parametric Single-Shot Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Fast Metabolite-Specific Concentration and T2 Determination
Authors: Rizzo Rudy , Kreis Roland
Published: August 2023

Multi-Echo Single-Shot (MESS) spectroscopy is tested in-vivo aiming at simultaneous determination of metabolite content and T2 times through simultaneous multi-parametric model fitting of partially sampled echoes. Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLBs) are used as measure of performances. The novel scheme was compared with the traditional Multi-Echo Multi-Shot (MEMS) method. Results confirmed former in-silico studies and indicate that MESS outperforms MEMS for simultaneous determinations of T2s and concentrations, with improvements ranging from 5-20% for T2s and 10-50% for concentrations.
Effects of the cardiac and respiratory cycles on CSF-mobility in human subarachnoid and perivascular spaces
Authors: Hirschler Lydiane , Runderkamp Bobby , van Veluw Susanne , Caan Matthan , van Osch Matthias
Published: August 2023

Although research into brain waste clearance has recently gained increasing attention, the driving force(s) as well as the physiological processes involved still remain strongly debated. Here, we assess the influence of the cardiac cycle and of respiration on the mobility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thought to be an important waste carrier. We found that the cardiac cycle was inducing higher CSF-mobility changes than respiration.
On the origin of a potential clearance marker: The contribution of enlarged perivascular fluid diffusion to a 7T IVIM interstitial fluid proxy
Authors: van der Thiel Merel , Roos Nathalie , Drenthen Gerhard , Voorter Paulien , Feiweier Thorsten , Ramakers Inez , Backes Walter , Jansen Jacobus
Published: August 2023

Between the parenchymal and microvascular diffusion components, a third, intermediate component can be derived with cerebral IVIM. Its fraction (fint) seems a promising biomarker for altered cerebral clearance function. fint has been suggested to both be driven by fluid diffusivity within enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) and interstitial fluid between parenchymal cells. Using 7T MRI, this study determined a higher fint within the ePVS (through segmented masks) compared to surrounding non-ePVS tissue. Thereby, this study illustrates the contribution of ePVS fluid diffusivity to fint and highlights the ability to specifically assess ePVS fluid diffusion using a non-invasive MRI method.
Gadolinium-free Bright and Black-Blood 3D whole-heart MRI for efficient anatomical assessment in patients with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Fotaki Anastasia , Pushparajah Kuberan , Hajhosseiny Reza , Schneider Alina , Kunze Karl , Neji Radhouene , Alam Harith , Frigiola Alessandra , Botnar René , Prieto Claudia
Published: August 2023

A recently developed sequence, the Magnetisation Transfer Contrast Bright Blood phase SensiTive (MTC-BOOST), enables free-breathing simultaneous acquisition of a bright-blood and black-blood 3D whole-heart dataset. We sought to compare the acquisition time, image quality and diagnostic performance of the proposed MTC-BOOST against the native clinical T2-prep bSSFP and the contrast-enhanced (CE) T2-prep bSSFP sequence in a cohort of patients with Congenital Heart Disease. Our study showed that MTC-BOOST offers good delineation of the intracardiac and vascular anatomy that is comparable to the clinical CE T2prep bSSFP and superior to the non-CE T2-prep bSSFP while offering a shorter acquisition time.
Selective Encoding through Nutation and Fingerprinting (SENF): 1D Experimental Validation on a 47.5 mT Low-Field Scanner
Authors: Vaughn Christopher , Bolding N , Griswold Mark , Grissom William
Published: August 2023

B0 gradients have several problems including cost, bulkiness, noise, and PNS. We propose to use a method called Selective Encoding through Nutation and Fingerprinting (SENF) which is a RF spatial encoding technique that also encodes quantitative information. In this abstract we validate SENF on a 47.5 mT low-field scanner using a high-flip MR Fingerprinting type sequence with a gradient RF coil to perform a 4-voxel 1D reconstruction that can differentiate between three materials (mineral oil, water, and air).
Combined 23Na and pTx-1H Imaging for Renal MRI at 7 Tesla
Authors: Meixner Christian , Egger Nico , Gast Lena , Bitz Andreas , Lanz Titus , Kimmlingen Ralph , Ruck Laurent , Herrler Jürgen , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin
Published: August 2023

In the human kidneys, the cortico-medullary sodium gradient plays an important role as it is essential for the concentration of urine and changes may indicate renal malfunction. However, quantitative 23Na MRI requires high-quality 1H MRI, since this facilitates co-registration and correction of partial volume effects, which is needed for body imaging in particular. We therefore show the feasibility of high-quality renal proton and sodium imaging using an 8Tx/16Rx 1H transceiver array that can be combined with a 23Na four-rung birdcage coil in a single setup.
Identifying diffusion model biomarkers for inflammation in human traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Morris Sarah , Swift-LaPointe Taylor , Yung Andrew , Prevost Valentin , George Shana , Bauman Andrew , Kozlowski Piotr , Samadi Farah , Fournier Caron , Parker Lisa , Dong Kevin , Streijger Femke , Hirsch-Reinshagen Veronica , Moore G.R. Wayne , Kwon Brian , Laule Cornelia
Published: August 2023

We investigated the relationship between diffusion model biomarkers and inflammatory cells, as measured by HLA-DR and CD68 histological staining for activated microglia and macrophages, after human traumatic spinal cord injury. Fractional anisotropy decreases and radial and mean diffusivity increases were strongly correlated with the presence of activated microglia and macrophages. ActiveAx-derived intra-cellular volume fraction and axon density decreased while axon diameter increased. Fiber fraction from Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging decreased and while hindered fraction increased in the presence of inflammation.
Rapid Quantitative Imaging Using Wave-Encoded Model-Based Deep Learning for Joint Reconstruction
Authors: Cho Jaejin , Gagoski Borjan , Kim Tae Hyung , Tian Qiyuan , Frost Robert , Chatnuntawech Itthi , Bilgic Berkin
Published: August 2023

We propose a wave-encoded model-based deep learning (wave-MoDL) method for joint multi-contrast image reconstruction with volumetric encoding using an interleaved look-locker acquisition sequence with T2 preparation pulse (3D-QALAS). Wave-MoDL enables a 2-minute acquisition at R=4x3-fold acceleration using a 32-channel array to provide T1, T2, and proton density maps at 1 mm isotropic resolution, from which standard contrast-weighted images can also be synthesized.
Gray and white matter structural examination for diagnosis of MDD and StD in adolescents and young adults: a preliminary radiomics analysis
Authors: Ma Huan , Yang Jianzhong , Sun Dewei , Zhang Dafu , Zhang Yan , Yuan Jing , Zhang Xiaoyong
Published: August 2023

We obtained sMRI data from unmedicated adolescents and young adults with MDD, StD and well-matched healthy control subjects, and identified radiomics features from gray and white matter, and establish classification models. The accuracies and AUC were 86.75%, 0.93 for distinguishing MDD from HC, 70.51%, 0.69 for discriminating StD from HC, and 59.15%, 0.66 for differentiating MDD from StD, respectively. These findings provide preliminary evidence that radiomics features of brain structure are valid for discriminating MDD and StD from HCs. The MRI-based radiomics approach, with further improvement and validation, is a potential facilitating method to clinical diagnosis of mental illness.
Dynamics of hypercellular glioma regions identified with diffusion-weighted imaging for adaptive radiotherapy on an MR-Linac
Authors: Lawrence Liam , Chan Rachel , Stewart James , Ruschin Mark , Theriault Aimee , Myrehaug Sten , Detsky Jay , Maralani Pejman , Tseng Chia-Lin , Stanisz Greg , Sahgal Arjun , Lau Angus
Published: August 2023

For radiotherapy of high-grade glioma, dose escalation to hypercellular tumour could improve local control, but changes during treatment might necessitate target volume adaptation. Since hypercellular tumour causes low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, volumetric changes in low-ADC regions were quantified using near-daily MR-Linac imaging to evaluate adaptation necessity. Low-ADC regions increased in volume (median extremal change: 12.2%) and changed rapidly for certain patients (maximum growth/shrinkage rate: 7.1/9.1% per day). Low-ADC regions changed more in magnitude and grew more rapidly for resected tumours than intact ones. These findings imply that adaptation may be required for dose escalation to hypercellular glioma regions.
Sensitive Quantification of Hypomyelination and Axon g-ratio Using Ultra High Resolution 7T Multi-Echo Gradient Echo MRI with BSS-rPCA
Authors: Grouza Vladimir , Bagheri Hooman , Tuznik Marius , Liu Hanwen , Peterson Alan , Rudko David
Published: August 2023

We investigated the application of blind source separation, robust principal component analysis (BSS-rPCA) for myelin water imaging in a panel of mice exhibiting varied myelination profiles. BSS-rPCA exhibited sensitivity to myelin as evidenced by region of interest (ROI) analysis of several white matter tracts as a function of hypomyelinating genotype. By combining BSS-rPCA with estimates of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI)-derived axon water fraction (AWF) maps, we conclude that BSS-rPCA is sensitive to variations in myelin content in the presence of stable axon density.