bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Riboflavin Production by Hyphopichia wangnamkhiaoensis under Varying Nutritional Conditions
Authors: Jiménez-Nava Raziel Arturo , Chávez-Camarillo Griselda Ma. , Cristiani-Urbina Eliseo
Published: August 2024

Riboflavin, an essential vitamin for humans, is extensively used in various industries, with its global demand being met through fermentative processes. Hyphopichia wangnamkhiaoensis is a novel dimorphic yeast species capable of producing riboflavin. However, the nutritional factors affecting riboflavin production in this yeast species remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a kinetic study on the effects of various nutritional factors—carbon and energy sources, nitrogen sources, vitamins, and amino acids—on batch riboflavin production by H. wangnamkhiaoensis. Batch experiments were performed in a bubble column bioreactor to evaluate cell growth, substrate consumption, and riboflavin production. The highest riboflavin production was obtained when the yeast growth medium was supplemented with glucose, ammonium sulfate, biotin, and glycine. Using these chemical components, along with the mineral salts from Castañeda-Agullo’s culture medium, we formulated a novel, low-cost, and effective culture medium (the RGE medium) for riboflavin production by H. wangnamkhiaoensis. This medium resulted in the highest levels of riboflavin production and volumetric productivity, reaching 16.68 mg/L and 0.713 mg/L·h, respectively, within 21 h of incubation. These findings suggest that H. wangnamkhiaoensis, with its shorter incubation time, could improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of industrial riboflavin production, paving the way for more sustainable production methods.
Therapeutic Potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza Root Extract in Alleviating Cold-Induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Li Chi-Cheng , Liu Song-Lin , Lien Te-Sheng , Sun Der-Shan , Cheng Ching-Feng , Hamid Hussana , Chen Hao-Ping , Ho Tsung-Jung , Lin I-Hsin , Wu Wen-Sheng , Hu Chi-Tan , Tsai Kuo-Wang , Chang Hsin-Hou
Published: August 2024

The interaction between environmental stressors, such as cold exposure, and immune function significantly impacts human health. Research on effective therapeutic strategies to combat cold-induced immunosuppression is limited, despite its importance. In this study, we aim to investigate whether traditional herbal medicine can counteract cold-induced immunosuppression. We previously demonstrated that cold exposure elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in mice, similar to the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatments. This cold-induced rise in circulating IgG was mediated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and linked to vascular constriction. In our mouse model, the cold-exposed groups (4 °C) showed significantly elevated plasma IgG levels and reduced bacterial clearance compared with the control groups maintained at room temperature (25 °C), both indicative of immunosuppression. Using this model, with 234 mice divided into groups of 6, we investigated the potential of tanshinone IIA, an active compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza ethanolic root extract (SMERE), in alleviating cold-induced immunosuppression. Tanshinone IIA and SMERE treatments effectively normalized elevated plasma IgG levels and significantly improved bacterial clearance impaired by cold exposure compared with control groups injected with a vehicle control, dimethyl sulfoxide. Notably, bacterial clearance, which was impaired by cold exposure, showed an approximately 50% improvement following treatment, restoring immune function to levels comparable to those observed under normal temperature conditions (25 °C, p < 0.05). These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of traditional herbal medicine in counteracting cold-induced immune dysregulation, offering valuable insights for future strategies aimed at modulating immune function in cold environments. Further research could focus on isolating tanshinone IIA and compounds present in SMERE to evaluate their specific roles in mitigating cold-induced immunosuppression.
Overexpression of SlALC Increases Drought and Salt Tolerance and Affects Fruit Dehiscence in Tomatoes
Authors: Gao Zihan , Tu Yuqing , Liao Changguang , Guo Pengyu , Tian Yanling , Zhou Ying , Xie Qiaoli , Chen Guoping , Hu Zongli
Published: August 2024

The bHLH transcription factors are important plant regulators against abiotic stress and involved in plant growth and development. In this study, SlALC, a gene coding for a prototypical DNA-binding protein in the bHLH family, was isolated, and SlALC-overexpression tomato (SlALC-OE) plants were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. SlALC transgenic lines manifested higher osmotic stress tolerance than the wild-type plants, estimated by higher relative water content and lower water loss rate, higher chlorophyll, reducing sugar, starch, proline, soluble protein contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lower MDA and reactive oxygen species contents in the leaves. In SlALC-OE lines, there were more significant alterations in the expression of genes associated with stress. Furthermore, SlALC-OE fruits were more vulnerable to dehiscence, with higher water content, reduced lignin content, SOD/POD/PAL enzyme activity, and lower phenolic compound concentrations, all of which corresponded to decreased expression of lignin biosynthetic genes. Moreover, the dual luciferase reporter test revealed that SlTAGL1 inhibits SlALC expression. This study revealed that SlALC may play a role in controlling plant tolerance to drought and salt stress, as well as fruit lignification, which influences fruit dehiscence. The findings of this study have established a foundation for tomato tolerance breeding and fruit quality improvement.
Differences in Acute Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases-9, 3, and 2 Related to the Duration of Brain Ischemia and Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment in Experimental Stroke
Authors: Wang Dong , Saleem Sofiyan , Sullivan Ryan D. , Zhao Tieqiang , Reed Guy L.
Published: August 2024

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-9, 3, and 2 degrade the cellular matrix and are believed to play a crucial role in ischemic stroke. We examined how the duration of ischemia (up to 4 h) and treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator altered the comparative expression of these MMPs in experimental ischemic stroke with reperfusion. Both prolonged ischemia and r-tPA treatment markedly increased MMP-9 expression in the ischemic hemisphere (all p < 0.0001). The duration of ischemia and r-tPA treatment also significantly increased MMP-2 expression (p < 0.01–0.001) in the ischemic hemisphere (p < 0.01) but to a lesser degree than MMP-9. In contrast, MMP-3 expression significantly decreased in the ischemic hemisphere (p < 0.001) with increasing duration of ischemia and r-tPA treatment (p < 0.05–0001). MMP-9 expression was prominent in the vascular compartment and leukocytes. MMP-2 expression was evident in the vascular compartment and MMP-3 in NeuN+ neurons. Prolonging the duration of ischemia (up to 4 h) before reperfusion increased brain hemorrhage, infarction, swelling, and neurologic disability in both saline-treated (control) and r-tPA-treated mice. MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression were significantly positively correlated with, and MMP-3 was significantly negatively correlated with, infarct volume, swelling, and brain hemorrhage. We conclude that in experimental ischemic stroke with reperfusion, the duration of ischemia and r-tPA treatment significantly altered MMP-9, 3, and 2 expression, ischemic brain injury, and neurological disability. Each MMP showed unique patterns of expression that are strongly correlated with the severity of brain infarction, swelling, and hemorrhage. In summary, in experimental ischemic stroke in male mice with reperfusion, the duration of ischemia, and r-tPA treatment significantly altered the immunofluorescent expression of MMP-9, 3, and 2, ischemic brain injury, and neurological disability. In this model, each MMP showed unique patterns of expression that were strongly correlated with the severity of brain infarction, swelling, and hemorrhage.
Sustained Microglial Activation Promotes Synaptic Loss and Neuronal Dysfunction after Recovery from ZIKV Infection
Authors: Kim Nahyun , Choi Hanul , Kim Uijin , Kim Suyeon , Kim Young Bong , Shin Ha Youn
Published: August 2024

Zika virus (ZIKV), transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, has been a global health concern since 2007. It primarily causes fetal microcephaly and neuronal defects through maternal transmission and induces neurological complications in adults. Recent studies report elevated proinflammatory cytokines and persistent neurological alterations post recovery, but the in vivo mechanisms remain unclear. In our study, viral RNA loads in the brains of mice infected with ZIKV peaked at 7 days post infection and returned to baseline by day 21, indicating recovery. RNA sequencing of the cerebral cortex at 7 and 21 days revealed upregulated genes related to neuroinflammation and microglial activation. Histological analyses indicated neuronal cell death and altered neurite morphology owing to severe neuroinflammation. Additionally, sustained microglial activation was associated with increased phospho-Tau levels, constituting a marker of neurodegeneration. These findings highlight how persistent microglial activation leads to neuronal dysfunction post ZIKV recovery, providing insights into the molecular pathogenesis of ZIKV-induced brain abnormalities.
Using Transcriptomics to Determine the Mechanism for the Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight of a Wheat-Th. elongatum Translocation Line
Authors: Dai Yi , Fei Wenlin , Chen Shiqiang , Shi Juntao , Ma Haigang , Li Haifeng , Li Jinfeng , Wang Yonggang , Gao Yujiao , Zhu Jinghuan , Wang Bingkui , Chen Jianmin , Ma Hongxiang
Published: August 2024

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the Fusarium graminearum species complex, is a destructive disease in wheat worldwide. The lack of FHB-resistant germplasm is a barrier in wheat breeding for resistance to FHB. Thinopyrum elongatum is an important relative that has been successfully used for the genetic improvement of wheat. In this study, a translocation line, YNM158, with the YM158 genetic background carrying a fragment of diploid Th. elongatum 7EL chromosome created using 60Co-γ radiation, showed high resistance to FHB under both field and greenhouse conditions. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that the horizontal transfer gene, encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST), is an important contributor to FHB resistance in the pathogen infection stage, whereas the 7EL chromosome fragment carries other genes regulated by F. graminearum during the colonization stage. Introgression of the 7EL fragment affected the expression of wheat genes that were enriched in resistance pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, plant–pathogen interaction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway at different stages after F. graminearium infection. This study provides a novel germplasm for wheat resistance to FHB and new insights into the molecular mechanisms of wheat resistance to FHB.
Functions and Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in TH2 Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammatory Diseases: A Review
Authors: Cheon Jaehwan , Kim Byoungjae , Lee Juhyun , Shin Jaemin , Kim Tae Hoon
Published: August 2024

Type 2 airway inflammation (T2AI), driven by type 2 innate lymphoid and CD4+ T helper 2 cells, leads to various diseases and conditions, such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in these diseases. In this review, we describe the immunological T2AI pathogenic mechanisms, outline EV characteristics, and highlight their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of T2AI. An extensive literature search was conducted using appropriate strategies to identify relevant articles from various online databases. EVs in various biological samples showed disease-specific characteristics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, with some demonstrating therapeutic effects against these conditions. However, most studies have been limited to in vitro and animal models, highlighting the need for further clinical research on the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of EVs.
Mitochondrial Plasticity and Glucose Metabolic Alterations in Human Cancer under Oxidative Stress—From Viewpoints of Chronic Inflammation and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)
Authors: Lee Hui-Ting , Lin Chen-Sung , Liu Chao-Yu , Chen Po , Tsai Chang-Youh , Wei Yau-Huei
Published: August 2024

Oxidative stress elicited by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic inflammation are involved both in deterring and the generation/progression of human cancers. Exogenous ROS can injure mitochondria and induce them to generate more endogenous mitochondrial ROS to further perpetuate the deteriorating condition in the affected cells. Dysfunction of these cancer mitochondria may possibly be offset by the Warburg effect, which is characterized by amplified glycolysis and metabolic reprogramming. ROS from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an essential element for neutrophils to defend against invading pathogens or to kill cancer cells. A chronic inflammation typically includes consecutive NET activation and tissue damage, as well as tissue repair, and together with NETs, ROS would participate in both the destruction and progression of cancers. This review discusses human mitochondrial plasticity and the glucose metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells confronting oxidative stress by the means of chronic inflammation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
Implementing Massive Parallel Sequencing into Biliary Samples Obtained through Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography for Diagnosing Malignant Bile Duct Strictures
Authors: Park Wonsuk , Gwack Jin , Park Joonhong
Published: August 2024

Despite advancements in radiologic, laboratory, and pathological evaluations, differentiating between benign and malignant bile duct strictures remains a diagnostic challenge. Recent developments in massive parallel sequencing (MPS) have introduced new opportunities for early cancer detection and management, but these techniques have not yet been rigorously applied to biliary samples. We prospectively evaluated the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay (OCA) and the Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay (OPCCFA) using biliary brush cytology and bile fluid obtained via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from patients with bile duct strictures. The diagnostic performance of MPS testing was assessed and compared to the pathological findings of biliary brush cytology and primary tissue. Mutations in TP53, BRAF, CTNNB1, SMAD4, and K-/N-RAS identified in biliary brush cytology samples were also detected in the corresponding bile fluid samples from patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. These mutations were also identified in the bile fluid samples, but with variant allele frequencies lower than those in the corresponding biliary brush cytology samples. In control patients diagnosed with gallstones, neither the biliary brush cytology samples nor the bile fluid samples showed any pathogenic mutations classified as tier 1 or 2. Our study represents a prospective investigation into the role of MPS-based molecular testing in evaluating bile duct strictures. MPS-based molecular testing shows promise in identifying actionable genomic alterations, potentially enabling the stratification of patients for targeted chemotherapeutic treatments. Future research should focus on integrating OCA and OPCCFA testing, as well as similar MPS-based assays, into existing surveillance and management protocols for patients with bile duct strictures.
Correlation with Apoptosis Process through RNA-Seq Data Analysis of Hep3B Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Treated with Glehnia littoralis Extract (GLE)
Authors: Park Min-Yeong , Lee Sujin , Kim Hun-Hwan , Jeong Se-Hyo , Abusaliya Abuyaseer , Bhosale Pritam Bhangwan , Seong Je-Kyung , Park Kwang-Il , Heo Jeong-Doo , Ahn Meejung , Kim Hyun-Wook , Kim Gon-Sup
Published: August 2024

Glehnia littoralis is a perennial herb found in coastal sand dunes throughout East Asia. This herb has been reported to have hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. It may be effective against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether this has been proven through gene-level RNA-seq analysis is still being determined. Therefore, we are attempting to identify target genes for the cell death process by analyzing the transcriptome of Hep3B cells among HCC treated with GLE (Glehnia littoralis extract) using RNA-seq. Hep3B was used for the GLE treatment, and the MTT test was performed. Hep3B was then treated with GLE at a set concentration of 300 μg/mL and stored for 24 h, followed by RNA isolation and sequencing. We then used the data to create a plot. As a result of the MTT analysis, cell death was observed when Hep3B cells were treated with GLE, and the IC50 was about 300 μg/mL. As a result of making plots using the RNA-seq data of Hep3B treated with 300 μg/mL GLE, a tendency for the apoptotic process was found. Flow cytometry and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining verified the apoptosis of HEP3B cells treated with GLE. Therefore, an increase or decrease in the DEGs involved in the apoptosis process was confirmed. The top five genes increased were GADD45B, DDIT3, GADD45G, CHAC1, and PPP1R15A. The bottom five genes decreased were SGK1, CX3CL1, ZC3H12A, IER3, and HNF1A. In summary, we investigated the RNA-seq dataset of GLE to identify potential targets that may be involved in the apoptotic process in HCC. These goals may aid in the identification and management of HCC.
Simplified Synthesis of Poly(ethyleneimine)-Modified Silica Particles and Their Application in Oligosaccharide Isolation Methods
Authors: Zhao Xingyun , Niu Yifan , Zhao Chengxiao , Li Zhenyu , Li Ke , Qin Xuemei
Published: August 2024

There are great challenges in the field of natural product isolation and purification and in the pharmacological study of oligosaccharide monomers. And these isolation and purification processes are still universal problems in the study of natural products (NPs), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), omics, etc. The same polymer-modified materials designed for the special separation of oligosaccharides, named Sil-epoxy-PEI and Sil-chloropropyl-PEI, were synthesized via two different methods and characterized by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy spectrum analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential as well as surface area analysis, etc. Several nucleotide/nucleoside molecules with different polarities and selectivities were successfully isolated in our laboratory using stainless-steel columns filled with the synthesized material. In addition, the separation of saccharide probes and oligosaccharides mixtures in water extracts of Morinda officinalis were compared in HILIC mode. The results showed that the resolution of separations for the representative analytes of the Sil-epoxy-PEI column was higher than for the Sil-chloropropyl-PEI column, and the developed stationary phase exhibited improved performance compared to hydrothermal carbon, amide columns and other HILIC materials previously reported.
Tracking Existing Factors Directly Affecting the Reproduction of Bumblebees: Current Knowledge
Authors: Zhao Xiaomeng , Jiang Jingxin , Pang Zilin , Ma Weihua , Jiang Yusuo , Fu Yanfang , Liu Yanjie
Published: August 2024

Bumblebees are primary social insects and a vital class of pollinating insects. Their distinctive reproductive mode is characterized by the independent initiation and construction of the nest by the queen and the subsequent production of sufficient workers, males, and gynes following colony development. After successful mating, the queen transitions to the first phase of its annual life cycle. The reproductive processes are directly influenced by environmental factors, including floral resources and pesticides. Moreover, the reproductive level is regulated by biological factors, particularly the role of workers, who participate in egg laying and pass on their genetic material to the next generation of queens. Successful reproduction can only be achieved by maintaining colony development under natural or artificial breeding conditions. Consequently, understanding the known factors that influence bumblebee reproduction is essential for developing conservation strategies for wild bumblebees and for successfully breeding diverse bumblebee species. Breeding various bumblebee species is crucial for in-depth research into known factors and for further exploration of other potential factors, which will also help to meet the demand for pollination in agricultural facilities globally.
Comparative Morphology and Ultrastructure of Antennal Sensilla in Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) and Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Longzheng , Wang Qing , Yan Shanchun
Published: August 2024

Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) and Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) are two important forest defoliators in northeast China, with the former being a specialist on Larix spp. and the latter being a generalist feeding on >500 species of plants. The morphology and ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of both male and female D. superans and L. dispar were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In both sexes of D. superans, the following five types of antennal sensilla were found: sensilla trichoidea, s. chaetica, s. coeloconica, s. gemmiformia, and s. basiconica. In males of L. dispar, six types of antennal sensilla: sensilla trichoidea, s. chaetica, s. coeloconica, s. basiconica, s. styloconica, and s. auricillica, were identified. In addition to the six types found in males, a seventh type of sensilla, s. squamiform, was only detected on L. dispar female antennae. For s. chaetica of D. superans, a unique ultrastructure of sub-branches that have one branch, two branches, and three branches was observed on their tips, which has not yet been reported on other insects. s. styloconica, s. auricillica, and s. squamiform, not found in the specialist D. superans, may be related to the euryphagy of L. dispar. Potential functionalities of these sensilla were discussed with reference to moth feeding habits, and their morphology, distribution, and ultrastructures on both species.
Evaluation of Anopheline Diversity and Abundance across Outdoor Collection Schemes Utilizing CDC Light Traps in Nchelenge District, Zambia
Authors: Jones Christine M. , Ciubotariu Ilinca I. , Gebhardt Mary E. , Lupiya James Sichivula , Mbewe David , Muleba Mbanga , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Norris Douglas E.
Published: August 2024

In the global fight against malaria, standard vector control methods such as indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are intended to protect inside residential structures and sleeping spaces. However, these methods can still leave individuals vulnerable to residual transmission from vectors that they may be exposed to outdoors. Nchelenge District in northern Zambia experiences persistently high malaria transmission even with ITNs and IRS in place. However, very few studies have examined outdoor vector activity. To assess the diversity and abundance of outdoor foraging female anopheline mosquitoes, CDC light traps were used as proxy measures for mosquito host-seeking, set in three outdoor trapping schemes randomly assigned on different nights: (1) locations where people congregate at night outside of the house within the peri-domestic space, (2) animal pens or shelters, and (3) high-human-traffic areas, such as paths to latrines, where traps were baited with BG-Lure®. A total of 1087 total female anophelines were collected over a total of 74 trap nights. Anopheles funestus s.s. comprised the majority of the collection (86%), with An. gambiae s.s. (2%) and a highly diverse sampling of other anophelines (12%) making up the remainder. Plasmodium falciparum parasites were only detected in An. funestus (1%). No significant difference in species diversity or female anopheline abundance was detected between trapping schemes. Outdoor foraging anopheline mosquitoes, including a number of infectious An. funestus, may partially explain the difficulty of controlling malaria transmission in Nchelenge District, where vector control is only targeted indoors. BG-Lure® shows some promise as an alternative to human-baited landing catch collections in this resource-poor setting.
Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy Is Less Frequent in Smokers: A French Observational Study of 15,801 Women
Authors: Cosson Emmanuel , Tatulashvili Sopio , Vicaut Eric , Carbillon Lionel , Bihan Hélène , Rezgani Imen , Pinto Sara , Sal Meriem , Zerguine Mohamed , Fermaut Marion , Portal Jean-Jacques , Puder Jardena J. , Benbara Amélie
Published: August 2024

Background: We aimed to explore the still-debated association between smoking and hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP). Methods: A multiethnic prospective study of 15,801 women who delivered at Jean Verdier University Hospital between 2012 and 2018. Of these, 13,943 (88.2%) were non-smokers, 624 (4.5%) former smokers, and 1234 (7.8%) current smokers. Universal HIP screening was proposed to the entire sample (IADPSG/WHO criteria). Results: A total of 13,958 women were screened for HIP. Uptake differed between non-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers (89.5%, 88.3%, and 75.7%, respectively, p < 0.0001). HIP prevalence in these groups was 19.9%, 15.4%, and 12.3%, respectively (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, history of HIP, history of macrosomic baby, and ethnicity, current (odds ratio 0.790 [95% confidence interval 0.636–0.981], p < 0.05) but not former (1.017 [0.792–1.306]) smokers were less likely to have HIP than non-smokers. Furthermore, 1 h and 2 h oral plasma glucose test values were lower in current smokers than in non-smokers (p < 0.01). To exclude potential selection bias, we compared risk factors for HIP and HIP-related adverse pregnancy outcomes in current smokers according to HIP screening status. Compared with screened current smokers (n = 934), their unscreened counterparts (n = 300) were younger, less frequently employed, and more likely to be of non-European origin. Moreover, infant birthweight was lower in this group, and preterm deliveries and perinatal deaths were more likely (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: Smoking during pregnancy was independently associated with lower HIP prevalence. The low HIP screening rate in current smokers did not explain this finding.
The Highs and Lows of ADAMTS13 Activity
Authors: Shaw Rebecca J. , Abrams Simon T. , Badu Samuel , Toh Cheng-Hock , Dutt Tina
Published: August 2024

Severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 (<10 iu/dL) is diagnostic of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and leads to accumulation of ultra-large vWF multimers, platelet aggregation, and widespread microthrombi, which can be life-threatening. However, the clinical implications of a low ADAMTS13 activity level are not only important in an acute episode of TTP. In this article, we discuss the effects of low ADAMTS13 activity in congenital and immune-mediated TTP patients not only at presentation but once in a clinical remission. Evidence is emerging of the clinical effects of low ADAMTS13 activity in other disease areas outside of TTP, and here, we explore the wider impact of low ADAMTS13 activity on the vascular endothelium and the potential for recombinant ADAMTS13 therapy in other thrombotic disease states.
Radiofrequency Lesion in the Atrial Wall: How Variable Is It? 9.4 Tesla MRI Analysis of Radiofrequency Lesion Volume in a Swine Model
Authors: Cardelli Laura Sofia , Laumont Thomas , Beghian July , Achahli Yosra , Cardoso Maida , Bacle Marylène , Pasquié Jean-Luc , Granier Mathieu
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Most data on radiofrequency (RF) effects come from ex vivo or in vitro studies that quantify lesions using width and/or depth, while electrophysiologists use manufacturers’ indirect indices. The objective of this study was to evaluate RF lesion volume by high-resolution MRI of excised lesions in an in vivo porcine model, comparing a low-energy long-duration (LE) (20 W, 50 s) RF application strategy with a high-energy short-duration (HE) (50 W, 20 s) one. Methods: Eighteen piglets were divided into LE (n = 9) and HE groups (n = 9). RF applications were performed at four locations in both atria. Animals were sacrificed after 5–7 days, and RF lesion specimens were excised, fixed, and analyzed by 9.4 Tesla MRI. RF lesion volume, variability (variance), depth, and any extracardiac lesions were compared between the groups. Results: Seventy RF applications were performed (36 LE, 34 HE). MRI analyzed 26 LE and 28 HE samples. The HE group showed 35% higher volume than the LE group (100.2 mm3 (±81.2) in LE vs. 178.3 mm3 (±163.7) in HE, p = 0.033). RF volume variance was 6.6 mm3 in LE and 40.3 mm3 in HE. The HE group had more complications (seven vs. zero, p = 0.02) and extracardiac lesions (18 vs. 14, p = 0.613). Conclusions: There was large and unpredictable variability in RF injury on the atrial wall, even under controlled conditions, which could explain arrhythmia recurrences. The greatest lesion variability was found during HE applications. The dose/effect relationship of RF needs careful study for treating cardiac arrhythmias.
Efficacy of Desvenlafaxine in Reducing Migraine Frequency and Severity: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Stoupa Hadidi Marina , Rasheed Murad , Bisharat Yanal M. , Al Helou Heba H. , El Aina Hussam A. , Batayneh Hala M. , Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Gammoh Omar
Published: August 2024

Background: Migraine is characterized by sudden acute episodes of pain, with a global prevalence of 18% among all age groups. It is the second leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Prophylactic treatment is important in managing migraine; however, its efficacy and safety are debated. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of desvenlafaxine in female patients with migraine. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational case study involving 10 women diagnosed with migraine who were treated with desvenlafaxine. We measured the number of migraine days per month, average headache duration in minutes, headache severity using a visual analog scale, use of acute medications, and frequency of acute medication use per week. Results: Desvenlafaxine significantly reduced the number of migraine days from 14.70 ± 3.68 at baseline to 2.50 ± 2.50 at follow-up (p < 0.05). The average headache duration dropped from 131.25 ± 32.81 min to 52.50 ± 44.64 min. Headache severity scores improved from 6.80 ± 1.49 at baseline to 0.80 ± 0.92 at follow up, the frequency of acute medication use per week reduced from 3.30 ± 1.49 at baseline to 0.80 ± 0.92, and the frequency of acute medication use decreased from 3.30 ± 1.49 times per week to 0.80 ± 0.92. Conclusions: Desvenlafaxine shows potential as an effective prophylactic therapy for migraine. Larger-scale studies are necessary to further explore its benefits.
Primary LYmphedema Multidisciplinary Approach in Patients Affected by Primary Lower Extremity Lymphedema
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Bolletta Alberto , Kaciulyte Juste , Manrique Oscar J. , Escandón Joseph M.
Published: August 2024

Background: Primary lymphedema is a chronic condition caused by a developmental abnormality of the lymphatic system, leading to its malfunction. Various surgical options, including physiologic and excisional procedures, have been proposed. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive algorithm for the treatment of primary lower extremity lymphedema: the Primary LYmphedema Multidisciplinary Approach (P-LYMA). Methods: Nineteen patients were treated following the P-LYMA protocol. Patients underwent pre- and postoperative complex decongestive therapy (CDT). A variety of physiologic and excisional procedures were performed, either independently or in combination. The primary outcome was to assess the circumferential reduction rate (CRR). The Lymphedema Quality of Life Score (LeQOLiS), reduction in the number of cellulitis episodes, and complications were recorded. Results: The mean CRR was 73 ± 20% at twelve months postoperatively. The frequency of cellulitis episodes per year decreased from a mean of 1.9 ± 0.8 preoperatively to 0.4 ± 0.6 during follow-up. Two patients experienced minor complications. The mean hospitalization time was 5 days. Patients’ quality of life, as measured by the LeQOLiS, significantly improved from 70.4 ± 12 preoperatively to 24 ± 14 at twelve months postoperatively. Conclusions: The P-LYMA algorithm maximizes surgical outcomes and improves the quality of life in patients with primary lymphedema. CDT is essential for optimizing results.
A Review of Laboratory Requirements to Culture Lichen Mycobiont Species
Authors: Rosabal Dania , Pino-Bodas Raquel
Published: August 2024

Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi (the mycobiont) and algae or cyanobacteria (the photobionts). They synthesize a large number of secondary metabolites, many of which are potential sources of novel molecules with pharmacological and industrial applications. The advancement of in vitro culture methods of lichen-forming fungi would allow the comprehensive application of these compounds at large scales, enable improvements in the synthesis, facilitate understanding of the role of the partners in the synthesis of these compounds and increase our knowledge about the genes associated with secondary metabolites production. The aim of this work is to summarize the nutritional and physicochemical requirements that have been used to date to culture different lichen-forming fungi species. In total, the requirements for the cultivation of 110 species are presented. This review can provide a starting point for future experiments and help advance the methods of culturing lichenized fungi. The type of diaspore selected to isolate the mycobiont, the composition of the isolation and culture media and the corresponding physicochemical parameters are essential in designing an efficient lichen culture system, allowing the achievement of a suitable growth of lichen-forming fungi and the subsequent production of secondary metabolites.
Energy-Efficient Online Path Planning for Internet of Drones Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: AlMania Zainab , Sheltami Tarek , Ahmed Gamil , Mahmoud Ashraf , Barnawi Abdulaziz
Published: August 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently been applied in several contexts due to their flexibility, mobility, and fast deployment. One of the essential aspects of multi-UAV systems is path planning, which autonomously determines paths for drones from starting points to destination points. However, UAVs face many obstacles in their routes, potentially causing loss or damage. Several heuristic approaches have been investigated to address collision avoidance. These approaches are generally applied in static environments where the environment is known in advance and paths are generated offline, making them unsuitable for unknown or dynamic environments. Additionally, limited flight times due to battery constraints pose another challenge in multi-UAV path planning. Reinforcement learning (RL) emerges as a promising candidate to generate collision-free paths for drones in dynamic environments due to its adaptability and generalization capabilities. In this study, we propose a framework to provide a novel solution for multi-UAV path planning in a 3D dynamic environment. The improved particle swarm optimization with reinforcement learning (IPSO-RL) framework is designed to tackle the multi-UAV path planning problem in a fully distributed and reactive manner. The framework integrates IPSO with deep RL to provide the drone with additional feedback and guidance to operate more sustainably. This integration incorporates a unique reward system that can adapt to various environments. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the IPSO-RL approach, showing superior results in terms of collision avoidance, path length, and energy efficiency compared to other benchmarks. The results also illustrate that the proposed IPSO-RL framework can acquire a feasible and effective route successfully with minimum energy consumption in complicated environments.
Farmland Abandonment and Afforestation—Socioeconomic and Biophysical Patterns of Land Use Change at the Municipal Level in Galicia, Northwest Spain
Authors: Corbelle-Rico Eduardo , López-Iglesias Edelmiro
Published: August 2024

Over the last few years, new land use planning instruments to reduce the negative consequences of recent land use/cover changes (farmland abandonment, wildfires) have been proposed in Galicia (northwest Spain). Understanding the complex relationship between biophysical constraints, socioeconomic drivers and land use/cover changes is paramount for their successful implementation. In this work, we present an analysis of recent (2005–2017) land use/cover changes in the region, along with a classification of municipalities in homogeneous groups with different patterns of land use and land use change. We then characterize those groups regarding the demographic and employment structure, the economic performance, the characteristics of the primary sector, the land ownership structure and the relative importance of recent wildfire events and the biophysical suitability for the main productions of the primary sector in the region. The results allowed us to identify four different groups of municipalities which are clearly separated by specific patterns of land use (an area where most of the population lives, an area devoted to forest production, another for farming production and a final one dominated by semi-natural covers). These four areas followed a gradient of decreasing levels of population density and economic activity. While land use patterns in different areas could be explained largely by biophysical suitability, the fragmentation of land ownership emerged as a relevant factor, which can explain the greater presence of farmland abandonment—and, therefore, higher wildfire risk—in certain areas. These results offer relevant guidelines for the successful implementation of the new land use planning instruments in the region.
Meta-Connectivity in Urban Morphology: A Deep Generative Approach for Integrating Human–Wildlife Landscape Connectivity in Urban Design
Authors: Huang Sheng-Yang , Wang Yuankai , Llabres-Valls Enriqueta , Jiang Mochen , Chen Fei
Published: August 2024

Traditional urban design often overlooks the synchronisation of human and ecological connectivities, typically favouring corridors for ecological continuity. Our study challenges this convention by introducing a computational design approach, meta-connectivity, leveraging the deep generative models performing cross-domain translation to integrate human–wildlife landscape connectivity in urban morphology amidst the planetary urbanisation. Utilising chained Pix2Pix models, our research illustrates a novel meta-connectivity design reasoning framework, combining landscape connectivity modelling with conditional reasoning based on deep generative models. This framework enables the adjustment of both human and wildlife landscape connectivities based on their correlative patterns in one single design process, guiding the rematerialisation of urban landscapes without the need for explicit prior ecological or urban data. Our empirical study in East London demonstrated the framework’s efficacy in suggesting wildlife connectivity adjustments based on human connectivity metrics. The results demonstrate the feasibility of creating an innovative urban form in which the land cover guided by the connectivity gradients replaces the corridors based on simple geometries. This research thus presents a methodology shift in urban design, proposing a symbiotic approach to integrating disparate yet interrelated landscape connectivities within urban contexts.
Spatial–Temporal Pattern Evolution and Differentiation Mechanism of Urban Dual Innovation: A Case Study of China’s Three Major Urban Agglomerations
Authors: Chen Qingyi , Liu Yuting , Yao Zuolin
Published: August 2024

Breakthrough innovation and incremental innovation have different impacts on economic development. For regional development, it is important to find a balance in dual innovation, which entails effective coordination of allocating innovation resources and managing risks. However, little attention has been given to the spatial relationship and differentiation mechanisms between breakthrough innovation and incremental innovation. Therefore, our research takes China’s three major urban agglomerations as examples, aiming to explore the spatial–temporal pattern evolution, influencing factors, spatial relationship, and spatial organizational patterns of breakthrough innovation and incremental innovation from 2000 to 2021. The research found that the spatial distribution of urban dual innovation is affected by the law of distance decay, and the spatial distribution of incremental innovation is more polycentric than that of breakthrough innovation. In terms of the differentiation mechanism, breakthrough innovation is more affected by the innovation atmosphere, while incremental innovation is more likely to be affected by the economic foundation and built environment. Our research effectively supplements the shortcomings in the spatial relationship research of breakthrough innovation and incremental innovation and provides references for formulating innovation policies.
Effect of Land Marketization on the High-Quality Development of Industry in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Jin Wanfu , Zhang Qi , Liu Tao
Published: August 2024

This study developed a theoretical framework on the relationship between land marketization and industrial high-quality development (HQD) to guide the formulation of policies for advancing new industrialization and high-level manufacturing capabilities. An evaluation system was constructed that can assess regional industrial HQD in seven dimensions: innovation, efficiency, structural optimization, financial risk control, openness, social welfare, and greenness. Based on data related to urban primary land markets and different industries in Guangdong province, China, from 2007 to 2021, the effect of land marketization on industrial HQD was explored using the evaluation models of land marketization and industrial HQD, the Theil index, a panel data model, and the difference generalized method of moments. The findings revealed that land marketization and industrial HQD have increased gradually in Guangdong. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), both factors have increased rapidly, albeit with low levels of land marketization and high levels of industrial HQD. Notably, the province-wide scores for financial risk control and openness have declined. In the PRD, scores for efficient and financial risk control have consistently been lower than those outside the PRD. Positive relationships were discovered between land marketization and various aspects of industrial HQD, including industrial innovation, efficiency, structural optimization, greenness, and social welfare. Conversely, land marketization was found to have negative relationships with financial risk control and openness. Compared with that in the non-PRD, land marketization in the PRD was more conducive to industrial HQD, innovation, efficiency, structural optimization, and openness but less conducive to greenness, social welfare, and financial risk control. This research concluded that land marketization can promote industrial HQD through rising land prices and an open and fair environment for land market trading. The results of this study enrich the theoretical knowledge of the effects of industrial HQD in China; thus, they can be used as a reference in the formulation of industrial HQD policies related to market-oriented reform and land allocation in China.
Reconstructing the Silk Road Network: Insights from Spatiotemporal Patterning of UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Authors: Shen Yingning , Liu Junmin , Han Jianan , Wan Xiang
Published: August 2024

Building on the observation of gaps in current research, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of heritage sites along the Silk Road, focusing on how historical trade routes shaped what are now recognized as heritage sites. Using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage List, the research examines heritage sites across Eurasia and North Africa, with a specific emphasis on the Silk Road corridors. This study employs a spatiotemporal approach, categorizing sites into northern overland routes and southern maritime routes to highlight regional variations in network development. The key findings of this study reveal the significant influence of historical trade routes on the development of settlements, cities, and cultural landmarks along the Silk Road. These findings identify clear trends in the Silk Road network’s evolution over time, illustrating a shift in its spatial focus across different historical periods. Initially, the network was centered in the eastern Mediterranean during the Classical Period. In the medieval period, this focus expanded to include a dual core area in both the eastern Mediterranean and Central Asia. By the late Medieval period, the network had shifted again, with a new core emerging in Europe. This chronological and spatial analysis allows for a detailed examination of the Silk Road network’s heritage landscape evolution. The study underscores the interconnectedness of heritage sites across these regions, contributing to a deeper understanding of how landscape connectivity and trade network dynamics evolved over time. Furthermore, by identifying patterns of network development and shifts in centrality and density, this research offers valuable insights for the conservation and management of heritage landscapes. These findings are particularly crucial for preserving the historical and cultural integrity of Silk Road heritage sites.
Maximizing Onboard Hydrogen Storage Capacity by Exploring High-Strength Novel Materials Using a Mathematical Approach
Authors: Ratoi Andrei , Munteanu Corneliu , Eliezer Dan
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen fuel holds promise for clean energy solutions, particularly in onboard applications such as fuel cell vehicles. However, the development of efficient hydrogen storage systems remains a critical challenge. This study addresses this challenge by exploring the potential of high-strength novel materials, including glass, to maximize onboard hydrogen storage capacity. A mathematical approach was employed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of various high-strength materials for hydrogen storage. This study focused on capillary arrays as a promising storage medium and utilized mathematical modeling techniques to estimate the storage capacity enhancement achievable with different materials. The analysis revealed significant variations in storage capacity enhancements in different high-strength novel materials, with glass having promising results. Glass-based materials demonstrated the potential to meet or exceed US Department of Energy (DOE) targets for both gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities in capillary arrays. By leveraging a mathematical approach, this study identified high-strength novel materials, including glass and polymers, capable of substantially improving onboard hydrogen storage capacity: 29 wt.% with 40 g/L for quartz glass and 25 wt.% with 38 g/L for Kevlar compared to 5.2 wt.% with 26.3 g/L from a conventional type IV tank. These findings underscore the importance of material selection in optimizing hydrogen storage systems and provide valuable insights for the design and development of next-generation hydrogen storage technologies for onboard applications.