bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological, morphometric and histochemical aspects of the labial salivary glands of dogs
Authors: Galvão Simone Rezende , Cunha Daise Nunes Queiroz da , Del Carlo Ricardo Junqueira , Borges Andréa Pacheco Batista , Benjamin Laércio Dos Anjos , Fonseca Cláudio César , Marcon Lucas , Pereira Carlos Eduardo Real
Published: November 2016

The knowledge regarding labial salivary glands is becoming progressively more important, as their application in autologous transplantion, to promote ocular surface lubrication, are an ever-increasing procedure in veterinary medicine. In this study the labial salivary gland was collected, as a single piece, along with the oral mucosa from 10 adult dog cadavers. The sample was removed from the left lower lip marked by the second premolar tooth and extended until the distal edge of the second molar. Morphological, morphometric and histochemical evalutations were performed in the rostral, medial and caudal regions of the sample. The study revealed exocrine, compound, tubuloacinar, mixed and predominantly mucous glands with the presence of serous demilunes associated with a few mucous secreting units, and a duct system formed by intralobular intercalated and striated ducts, interlobular ducts, and a main excretory duct. In the rostral region, there was a lower amount of parenchyma compared to other areas, and the diameter of the acini unvaried in all regions. All three regions of the sample were PAS and Alcian blue positive, demonstrating the presence of neutral, carboxylated, and sulphated mucins. Serous demilunes reacted positively to Xylidine Ponceau staining indicating the presence of proteins.
Effects and costs of a strategic selective treatment for controlling ecto - and hemoparasitosis in Holstein Friesian calves
Authors: Barbieri Jonata De Melo , Blanco Yuly Andrea Caicedo , Lima Renato Ribeiro de , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Reis Eduardo Mitke Brandão , Rocha Christiane Maria Barcellos Magalhães da , Coutinho Adriana De Souza , Guimarães Antônio Marcos
Published: November 2016

This work assessed the effectiveness and net operational costs of a strategic selective treatment for controlling ectoparasites (Rhipicephalus microplus, as well as Dermatobia hominis and Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae) and hemoparasites (Anaplasma marginale and Babesia spp.) in Holstein Friesian calves. Thirty calves were equally distributed in two groups: ST) strategic selective treatment and CT) conventional treatment. From birth, calves were monitored biweekly until 12 months of age. The CT group was subjected to parasite control according to directions provided by the veterinarian at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Lavras (FE/UFLA), whereas parasite control of the ST group followed criteria we had previously established. The ST group experienced fewer changes in physical traits on average and lower globular volume (GV) than the CT group (p < 0.05). Approximately 23% of ST calves exhibited external omphalitis, compared with 48% CT calves (p < 0.001). Additionally, ST calves were less affected than CT calves (p < 0.05) by R. microplus females and D. hominis larvae. Seropositivity rates from the indirect immunofluorescence reaction for A. marginale and B. bovis were similar for both groups (ST: 85.6% and 87.8%, respectively; CT: 83.2% and 83.2%). Additionally, subclinical (asymptomatic infection) anaplasmosis predominated in both groups during the dry period of the year. The daily average weight gains (DWG) were identical among ST (580 g) and CT (570 g), but the effective operational cost (EOC) was 3.7 times greater in ST (R$ 406.58/animal) compared with CT (R$ 110.90/animal). Laboratory exams to monitor the animals represented the largest share of the cost (82.7%) in ST, whereas drug expenses represented the highest costs (49.8%) in CT. Despite having a greater EOC, ST was more efficient at reducing parasite burdens than CT. Calves in the former group presented fewer R. microplus or D. hominis, and experienced a lower percentage of hemolytic anemia (VG < 24%). However, ST no affected the dynamic of A. marginale- and B. bovis-related infections, indicating that the FE/UFLA may be characterized as enzootically stable for these species.
Genotipificação de Malassezia pachydermatis através da técnica de RAPD
Authors: Kagueyama Franciele Cristina , Moraes Danny Franciele Dias , Rosa Janaina Marcela Assunção , Ito Alessandra Tammy Hayakawa , Silva Aline De Jesus da , Batista Gabriela Cardoso , Nakazato Luciano , Dutra Valéria
Published: November 2016

Malassezia pachydermatis (M. pachydermatis) is a fungus of importance in human and veterinary medicine. Although a part of the normal microbiota, it can sometimes be present in its pathogenic form, particularly causing otitis and dermatitis in animals. Among human beings, it mainly affects immune compromised patients and newborns, causing simple pustulosis, seborrheic dermatitis, tinea versicolor or fungemia. This study aimed to analyze the genomic polymorphism in M. pachydermatis samples isolated from Canis familiaris (domestic dog), Felis catus (domestic cat), and Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater). Two hundred and fourteen samples were collected and cultured in Sabouraud agar with chloranphenicol (100mg L-1) and incubated at 37 °C for a period of 7 to 10 days. One hundred and sixty six samples that appeared morphologically comparable to yeast cultures were processed for DNA extraction and PCR was performed for a specific region in the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of M. pachydermatis. Among these, seven (4.21%) were negative and 159 (95.79%) were positive. Of the 159 positive samples, 102 (64.15%) were from animals with clinical signs and 57 (35.85%) without clinical signs. Fifty-seven samples were selected at random for RAPD-PCR based genotyping and distributed into four genetic groups. Types I and II were more frequent in animals with clinical signs while type III was frequent in healthy animals. Type IV occurred evenly across animals with or without clinical signs. These results indicate differences in pathogenicity of the fungus based on the genotype.
Splenic lesions observed in 71 splenectomized dogs: a retrospective study
Authors: Silva Elisângela Olegário da , Di Santis Giovana Wingeter , Headley Selwyn Arlington , Bracarense Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro
Published: November 2016

The spleen of dogs is frequently affected by disorders that vary from local and systemic origin. The difficulty in associating clinical and gross findings contributes for the choice of total splenectomy as the main treatment, leading to an impairment of the immune and hematopoietic functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathological findings in the spleen of splenectomized dogs during 2008 to 2014 at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. From the 71 cases analyzed, 97% (69/71) of the dogs were submitted to total splenectomy and 3% (2/71) to partial splenectomy. In 45 (63.4%) of these cases, the histopathological diagnosis was non-neoplastic alterations; only 36.6% (26/71) had a splenic neoplasia. The main non-neoplastic lesions observed were nodular hyperplasia 24.4% (11/45), infarction 22.3% (10/45), and hematoma 20% (9/45). The most frequent tumors were hemangiosarcoma 50% (13/26), histiocytic sarcoma 23% (6/26), and lymphoma 11.5% (3/26). The clinical methods used to diagnose splenic lesions were ultrasonography 88% (63/71), radiography 2.8% (2/71) and exploratory laparotomy 4.2% (3/71). In 4.2% (3/71) the spleen changes were observed during the therapeutic ovariohysterectomy. The results of the present study showed a prevalence of benign disorders in the spleen of splenectomized dogs associated with a high incidence of total splenectomy performed, indicating a difficulty in recognizing the different lesions that can affect the spleen by the veterinarian medical.
Comparison of three Larval Immersion Tests in Syringe to evaluate acaricidal activity of chemical solutions
Authors: Farias Juliana Antunes , Gomes Claudia Cristina Gulias , Minho Alessandro Pelegrine , Domingues Robert , Franck Bernardo Macke , Granada Rossana Leitzke , Souza Antonio Pereira de
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to compare Larval Immersion Test in syringes, originally proposed by Souza et al. (2008), with two modified bioassays proposed by Silva et al. (2011) and Sindhu et al. (2012). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae were exposed to nine dilutions of commercial acaricide. After 24 hours, the number of dead larvae was counted. The LC50 for the three methods were 0.186%, 0.125% and 0.153%, respectively. Mortality of larvae exposed to chemical dilutions on Silva et al. (2011) were significantly higher than other methods at lower concentrations, probably in consequence of longer exposure time of larvae to solutions. However, modifications proposed by Sindhu et al. (2012) make technic execution more practical and safer.
Use of a locking plate “notched head T-plate®” for the fixation of an ilial body fracture in a dog
Authors: Ferrigno Cassio Ricardo Auada , Marinho Paulo Vinícius Tertuliano , Ferreira Márcio Poletto , Santos Jaqueline França dos , Dal-Bó Ísis Dos Santos , Paes Fernanda , Galeazzi Viviane Sanchez
Published: November 2016

Several types of implants may be used to treat iliac fractures in dogs, of which osteosynthesis with plate is the most described and recommended in the literature. The type of plate and screw are major factors in osteosynthesis success. The use of locking plates has been advocated for this purpose, as they do not allow the plate-bone-screw unit to shift, providing angular stability and rigidity to the system. The present study aimed to describe the unprecedented use of a locking notched head T-plate in the treatment of a caudal body of ilium fracture. A two year old male mongrel dog was attended after falling from a third floor height, with two days of evolution. The animal was in standing position, and during orthopedic examination non-weight bearing lameness of the right hind limb, instability, and crepitus in the right body of ilium, with considerable swelling and pain. The radiographic examination allowed diagnosing a complete fracture of the caudal body of ilium with decrease of the pelvic canal diameter. The patient underwent surgery, and the fracture was stabilized with an LCP notched head T-plate. The patient evolved satisfactorily, with good weight-bearing of the affected limb within 24 hours of surgery, and complete recovery with medical discharge after 60 days of postoperative period, with consolidation of the fracture.
Promoting Student Teachers’ Content Related Knowledge in Teaching Systems Thinking: Measuring Effects of an Intervention through Evaluating a Videotaped Lesson
Authors: Rosenkränzer Frank , Kramer Tim , Hörsch Christian , Schuler Stephan , Rieß Werner
Published: November 2016

The understanding of complex, dynamic and animate systems has a special standing in education for sustainable development and biology. Thus one important role of science teacher education is to promote student teachers’ Content Related Knowledge (CRK) for teaching systems thinking, consisting of extensive Content Knowledge (CK) and well formed Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). But the effective development of this knowledge is empirically uncertain. This article reports the effects of three different interventions (technical course, didactic course, mixed course) in promoting student teachers’ reflective Content Related Knowledge for teaching systems thinking. Participants analyzed a videotaped lesson of 6th graders learning about the ecosystem lake and identified weak aspects in the teacher’s CK and PCK. The results revealed that student teachers’ reflective Content Related Knowledge for teaching systems thinking can be promoted in teacher education. The conclusion to be drawn from our findings is that a mixed course with equal technical and didactical input seems to be most effective in fostering student teachers’ reflective Content Related Knowledge for teaching systems thinking.
The Arithmetics of Par, Spot and Forward Curves
Authors: Melik-Parsadanyan Vahagn
Published: November 2016

The understanding of the dynamics and shape of term structure of interest rates has been of a big interest to practitioners and academics. It is well documented that if the spot curve is monotonically upward-sloping (with decreasing growth rate) the par curve shows the same pattern, while the forward rate curve is first upward-sloping and then it inverts. Spot curve lies above the par curve, and the forward rate curve lies above the spot curve. If the spot curve is inverted, the pattern and ordering of the curves revert and the three curves are identical only if they are flat. This article aims to present mathematically the joint behavior of par, spot, and forward curves in discrete time setting.
Social Responsibility and Its Effect on the Companies’ Success According to Users Opinions in Jordan
Authors: Kanakriyah Raed
Published: November 2016

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social responsibility on the companies’ success according to users’ opinions, the study applies the qualitative method to collect the data through semi-structure interview to extract the users perception about how social responsibility effect on companies’ success, the researcher identified several criteria to understand the concept of "social responsibility’’ and used several variables (ten variable) as a proxy to measure companies’ success, the paper indicate that all accounting information users agree on the importance of social responsibility to help them in the judging the companies’ success and there is a strong effect of social responsibility on the companies’ success which in turn affect users’ decisions, such as investors. The public image of the organization will be better when playing a social role, and reduce the government’s actions and laws, one of the most important results obtained from the respondents’ views is that CSR announcements provide new information to the market and allow the users to change or modify their decisions, also we find that two groups’ investors and accountants have a very diverse view on CSR application. The findings of the study have important implications concerning users of financial statements. In particular, investors and creditors (the supplier of capital) the study confirms that the importance of social responsibility and the main role of social responsibility in decision making process. It is believed that there is no Jordanian study to date examining the impact of the social responsibility on the companies’ success according users perspective. Also this considers the first study that used the qualitative method for data collection semi-structure interview, therefore, this study significantly contributes to the limited literature on the perceived the effect of social responsibility on the firm’s success. The difficulty of applying such studies depending on interviewing in developing countries, such as Jordan.
Characteristics of Top Tier Finance Journal Publications
Authors: Asem Ebenezer , Baulkaran Vishaal
Published: November 2016

This paper examines the characteristics of “top tier” finance journal publications relative to “second tier” finance publications. We study ten leading finance journals and classify the top four journals as “top tier” and the remaining six as “second tier” journals. Using a sample of 3,156 different articles with 7,103 different authors and a Logit model, the results highlight the following characteristics: papers presented at WFA, AFA, and seminars, and have multiple colleague comments tend to be published in the top tier journals. Also, authors who graduated from or are affiliated with the top business schools tend to publish in the top tier journals.
Empirical Analysis of Efficiency of Community Banks in Tanzania
Authors: Mataba Lucas , Aikaeli Jehovaness
Published: November 2016

Efficient utilization of resources is critical for effective performance of banks. This paper measured efficiency of community banks in Tanzania and compares performance between two community banks’ categories during 2002-2014. Efficiency was estimated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach while the independent samples t-test was applied on means of efficiency to compare performance between the banks’ categories. The paper establishes that, most community banks were inefficient, suggesting that there was effect of unnecessary additional costs on the banks performance. Despite the general poor performance, community banks in Tanzania were generally operating at a decreasing part of the average cost curve, which granted an opportunity for expansion and exploitation of scale economies. The paper further establishes that efficiency of respective categories of community banks did not differ significantly; implying that the bank type did not matter as regards efficiency issue. The policy implications are; community banks should effectively manage their cost structure in order to improve performance, and a separate regulatory framework should be applied to community banks to take care of their uniqueness.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Ablative and Non-Ablative Fractional Laser Treatments for Early Stage Thyroidectomy Scars
Authors: Jang Jin-Uk , Kim Soo-Young , Yoon Eul-Sik , Kim Woo-Kyung , Park Seung-Ha , Lee Byung-Il , Kim Deok-Woo
Published: November 2016

Background Open thyroidectomy is conventionally performed at the anterior side of neck, which is a body part with a comparatively great degree of open exposure; due to this, postoperative scarring may cause distress in patients. We aimed to compare the effects of ablative and nonablative fractional laser treatments on thyroidectomy scars. We examined medical records in a retrospective manner and analyzed scars based on their digital images by using the modified Manchester Scar Scale (mMSS).

Methods Between February 2012 and May 2013, 55 patients with thyroidectomy scars were treated with ablative (34 patients) or nonablative (21 patients) fractional laser. Each patient underwent 4 laser treatment sessions in 3–4 week intervals, 1–2 months postoperatively. Scar improvement was assessed using patient images and the mMSS scale.

Results The mean decrease in scar score was 3.91 and 3.47 in the ablative and nonablative groups, respectively; the reduction between 2 groups did not exhibit any significant difference (P=0.16). We used the scale once again to individually evaluate scar attributes. The nonablative group accounted for a considerably higher color score value (P=0.03); the ablative group accounted for a considerably higher contour score value (P<0.01). Patient satisfaction was high and no complications occurred.

Conclusions Both types of fractional laser treatments can be used successfully for thyroidectomy scar treatment with minimal complications; however, results indicate that higher effectiveness may be obtained from the use of ablative and nonablative lasers for hypertrophic scars and early erythematous scars, respectively. Therefore, the appropriate laser for scar treatment should be selected according to its specific characteristics.
Osteomyelitis following Domestic Animal Bites to the Hand: Two Case Reports and Practical Guidelines
Authors: Lim Jung Soo , Byun Jin Hwan , Min Kyung Hee , Lee Hye Kyung , Choi Yun Sun
Published: November 2016

Recently, the number of cases of animal bite wounds has increased significantly in concordance with an increase in the pet population around the world. The authors report two rare cases of osteomyelitis of the phalanx following cat and dog bites. On initial physical examination, signs of a severe infection were observed. Radiographs of both patients showed the presence of osteomyelitis, and in one of the patients, the diagnosis was confirmed with a bone biopsy. After use of empirical antibiotics, intravenous antibiotic therapy that matched the identified bacterium's sensitivity was initiated, and at the same time, secure dressing including debridement was performed to induce secondary healing. In addition, the patients were closely monitored with serial X-rays, and culture and blood test follow-up. One patient fully recovered without sequelae, but the other patient suffered a loss of distal interphalangeal joint motion. When dealing with bite wounds located on the hand, it is important to visit the hospital as soon as possible and receive the appropriate treatment early. Moreover, to prevent severe complications such as osteomyelitis, it is important to administer antibiotic therapy to which the cultured bacteria are sensitive, along with proper wound management and prophylactic antibiotic treatment.
Câncer de pênis: análise do conhecimento e práticas dos agentes comunitários de saúde
Authors: Corrêa Anderson Araújo , Santos Francisca Jessica Lima dos , Santos da Silva Aglaupy Sabrina , Marques da Silva Klecia De Sousa , Pedrosa Aliny de Oliveira , Câmara Joseneide Teixeira
Published: November 2016

Introdução: o câncer de pênis é um tumor maligno e raro que acomete homens na faixa dos 50 aos 60 anos e que vem apresentando
incidência elevada no Brasil, está concentrado principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento
apresentado pelos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre o câncer de pênis. Metodologia: o estudo foi do tipo exploratório – descritivo.
Foi aplicado um questionário a 152 agentes comunitários, durante os meses de setembro a novembro de 2012. Resultado: através da
análise dos dados, obteve-se os seguintes resultados: 84,90% conhecem o câncer de pênis; 84,25% conhecem os meios de prevenção;
39,5% realizam busca ativa na população masculina; 50,00% realizam ações de prevenção. Conclusão: foi observado que a grande
parte população de ACS conhece os fatores de risco e medidas de prevenção contra o câncer de pênis, além de demonstrarem um
bom nível de entendimento a respeito dos sintomas, diagnósticos e tratamentos dessa neoplasia.
Avaliação de obesidade e sobrepeso como estratégia de diagnóstico organizacional para risco ocupacional: um estudo com motoristas de ônibus
Authors: Delbim Lucas Rissetti , Baciuk Érica Passos
Published: November 2016

Introdução: a obesidade é reconhecida como importante problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo e está fortemente associada a
distúrbios metabólicos. Objetivo: o presente estudo centrou-se na verificação da relação da obesidade e do sobrepeso como fatores
de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em motoristas profissionais de ônibus de um grupo empresarial. Metodologia: trata-se de um
estudo de campo descritivo, analítico, aplicado e transversal que contou com amostra de 786 motoristas profissionais de ônibus, do
sexo masculino, com média etária de 41,3 ± 8,4 anos, dos quais foram coletadas medidas antropométricas (peso, estatura e perímetro
de abdômen), medidas sorológicas (glicemia de jejum) e medidas fisiológicas (pressão arterial sistólica – PAS e pressão arterial
diastólica – PAD). O nível de significância foi de 5% (p<0,05) e intervalo de confiança igual a 1,8. Resultados: sobrepeso e obesidade
foram encontrados em 72,3% dos participantes, 28,6% apresentaram risco cardiovascular relacionado ao perímetro abdominal,
6,9% relacionado à glicemia de jejum, 7,7% e 6,9% apresentaram risco cardiovascular relacionado à PAS e PAD respectivamente.
Conclusão: assim, ações destinadas ao acompanhamento em saúde em ambientes corporativos constitui procedimento essencial
para a promoção da saúde dos colaboradores, reduzindo o ônus familiar e organizacional advindos de distúrbios relacionados às
doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). As estratégias impetradas deverão ser precedidas de ações informativas de modo a
apresentar a relevância da mudança de hábitos para a promoção da saúde.

 

 
Acesso, utilização e percepção dos usuários sobre um serviço hospitalar de emergência em Salvador, BA
Authors: Cruz Denise Nogueira , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , Cristino Patricia Suguri , Brito Suzana Santos , Oliveira Cristina Batista
Published: November 2016

Introdução: A Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH) aponta diretrizes para uma assistência de melhor qualidade no SUS e, na
atenção hospitalar, acrescenta-se a necessidade de organizar a Rede de Atenção às Urgências e Emergências visando melhorar o acesso
e a assistência prestada. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil dos usuários, acessibilidade, bem como a assistência prestada em um serviço
do setor de emergência de um hospital de referência na capital baiana. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal,
de caráter exploratório. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado com informações sobre perfil sócio-cultural, acesso e itinerário nos
serviços, bem como a percepção sobre assistência recebida na sala de medicação da emergência de um hospital de referência em
Salvador-Ba. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: A maioria dos usuários era do sexo feminino, com baixa
escolaridade, baixa renda familiar, procedente da cidade onde localizava o serviço e procurou-o espontaneamente. O deslocamento
até o serviço ocorreu por meio de carro ou moto para 63,4% dos usuários. O tempo decorrido até o usuário ser medicado foi elevado
assim como o tempo de permanência na sala de medicação. Estes resultados ajudam explicar porque quase 70% julgaram o serviço
como regular/ruim/muito ruim. O serviço foi melhor avaliado pelos de baixa renda e que receberam orientação médica. Conclusão:
A procura pelo serviço de emergência como primeira escolha foi considerável e pode estar relacionado com o grau de organização
e resolutividade da atenção primária no município. Destaca-se, ainda, o baixo grau de satisfação dos usuários da sala de medicação
da emergência do hospital. É necessário avançar na organização da rede de urgência e emergência de modo articulado com a
implementação da PNH no hospital em questão.
Experiências na revitalização do Rio Belém: Realidades urbanas do Brasil
Authors: Garcias Carlos Mello
Published: November 2016

As péssimas condições da qualidade das águas da maioria dos rios urbanos no Brasil, requerem uma mudança na gestão dos recursos hídricos em geral, e em especial nas áreas urbanas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de estudos realizados em uma bacia hidrográfica urbana, com destaque nas pesquisas de poluição difusa e de percepção da população. A área de estudo foi a bacia hidrográfica do rio Belém, na cidade de Curitiba no estado do Paraná. É um rio estritamente urbano, que tem suas nascentes e sua foz dentro do perímetro urbano. Esta particularidade permitiu fazer os estudos na sua bacia hidrográfica, avaliando os efeitos antrópicos na qualidade de suas águas. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade da participação efetiva dos munícipes bem como de instituições oficiais e não oficiais no envolvimento nas propostas e implementação das soluções urbanas de revitalização de seus rios.
REFCOND-VOLGA: a monitoring programme for water quality in the headwaters of the Volga River (Tver region, Russia)
Authors: Schletterer Martin , Füreder Leopold , Kuzovlev Vyacheslav Viktorovich , Zhenikov Kyrill Yuryevich , Zhenikov Yuri Nikolayevich
Published: November 2016

Within the research expedition “Upper Volga 2005” an assessment of hydrological, limnochemical and biological parameters was carried out in the Volga River upstream of Tver, including the main channel as well as major tributaries. This assessment revealed that the headwaters of the Volga River represent conditions which are either reference or least disturbed and stipulated the establishment of the monitoring programme “REFCOND_VOLGA”, which is in operation since 2006 and includes stretches along the Volga River (Rzhev, Staritsa, Tver) as well as along the tributary Tudovka.
This paper summarizes the “first 10 years” of this joint Russia-Austrian research project, focusing on a sound description of the research area and providing a complementary view on the available data as well as a view ahead.
Identification and characterization of circular RNAs in zebrafish
Authors: Shen Yudong , Guo Xianwu , Wang Weimin
Published: November 2016

Circular RNA (circRNA), a class of RNAs with circular structure, has received little attention until recently, when some new features and functions were discovered. In the present study, we sequenced circRNAs in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and identified 3868 circRNAs using three algorithms (find_circ, CIRI, segemehl). The analysis of microRNA target sites on circRNAs shows that some circRNAs may function as miRNA sponges. Furthermore, we identified the existence of reverse complementary sequences in the flanking regions of only 25 (2.64%) exonic circRNAs, indicating that the mechanism of zebrafish exonic circRNA biogenesis might be different from that in mammals. Moreover, 1122 (29%) zebrafish circRNA sequences showed homology with human, mouse and coelacanth circRNAs.
Multidecadal dynamics of alternate bars in the Alpine Rhine River
Authors: Adami Luca , Bertoldi Walter , Zolezzi Guido
Published: November 2016

We report on a multidecadal analysis of alternate bar dynamics in a 41.7 km reach of the Alpine Rhine River, which represents an almost unique example of a regulated river with fixed levees, straight reaches, and regular bends in which alternate gravel bars spontaneously formed and migrated for more than a century. The analysis is based on freely available Landsat imagery, which provided an accurate and frequent survey of the dynamics of the alternate bar configuration since 1984. Bars were characterized in terms of wavelength, migration, and height. Longitudinal and temporal patterns are investigated as a function of flood occurrence and magnitude and in relation to the presence of local planform discontinuities (bends and ramps) that may affect their dynamics. Bars in the upper part of the reach are mostly steady and relatively long (about 13 channel widths); bars in the lower part of the reach are migrating and shorter (about 9 channel widths). Bar height is rather uniform along the reach, ranging between 3 and 4 m. The temporally long hydrological data set allowed the investigation of bar migration during flood events, showing that bars migrate faster for intermediate floods. The observed relationship between bar migration and wavelength was consistent with linear theories for free migrating and steady forced bars in straight channels. The comparison of theories with observations highlights the key role of theories to support interpretation of observations, for a better understanding of the morphodynamic processes controlling bar formation and dynamics.
Towards a comprehensive climate impacts assessment of solar geoengineering
Authors: Irvine Peter J. , Kravitz Ben , Lawrence Mark G. , Gerten Dieter , Caminade Cyril , Gosling Simon N. , Hendy Erica J. , Kassie Belay T. , Kissling W. Daniel , Muri Helene , Oschlies Andreas , Smith Steven J.
Published: November 2016

Despite a growing literature on the climate response to solar geoengineering—proposals to cool the planet by increasing the planetary albedo—there has been little published on the impacts of solar geoengineering on natural and human systems such as agriculture, health, water resources, and ecosystems. An understanding of the impacts of different scenarios of solar geoengineering deployment will be crucial for informing decisions on whether and how to deploy it. Here we review the current state of knowledge about impacts of a solar‐geoengineered climate and identify the major research gaps. We suggest that a thorough assessment of the climate impacts of a range of scenarios of solar geoengineering deployment is needed and can be built upon existing frameworks. However, solar geoengineering poses a novel challenge for climate impacts research as the manner of deployment could be tailored to pursue different objectives making possible a wide range of climate outcomes. We present a number of ideas for approaches to extend the survey of climate impacts beyond standard scenarios of solar geoengineering deployment to address this challenge. Reducing the impacts of climate change is the fundamental motivator for emissions reductions and for considering whether and how to deploy solar geoengineering. This means that the active engagement of the climate impacts research community will be important for improving the overall understanding of the opportunities, challenges, and risks presented by solar geoengineering.
Boron desorption and fractionation in Subduction Zone Fore Arcs: Implications for the sources and transport of deep fluids
Authors: Saffer Demian M. , Kopf Achim J.
Published: November 2016

At many subduction zones, pore water geochemical anomalies at seafloor seeps and in shallow boreholes indicate fluid flow and chemical transport from depths of several kilometers. Identifying the source regions for these fluids is essential toward quantifying flow pathways and volatile fluxes through fore arcs, and in understanding their connection to the loci of excess pore pressure at depth. Here we develop a model to track the coupled effects of boron desorption, smectite dehydration, and progressive consolidation within sediment at the top of the subducting slab, where such deep fluid signals likely originate. Our analysis demonstrates that the relative timing of heating and consolidation is a dominant control on pore water composition. For cold slabs, pore water freshening is maximized because dehydration releases bound water into low porosity sediment, whereas boron concentrations and isotopic signatures are modest because desorption is strongly sensitive to temperature and is only partially complete. For warmer slabs, freshening is smaller, because dehydration occurs earlier and into larger porosities, but the boron signatures are larger. The former scenario is typical of nonaccretionary margins where insulating sediment on the subducting plate is commonly thin. This result provides a quantitative explanation for the global observation that signatures of deeply sourced fluids are generally strongest at nonaccretionary margins. Application of our multitracer approach to the Costa Rica, N. Japan, N. Barbados, and Mediterranean Ridge subduction zones illustrates that desorption and dehydration are viable explanations for observed geochemical signals, and suggest updip fluid migration from these source regions over tens of km.
Upper mantle structure of the Tonga‐Lau‐Fiji region from Rayleigh wave tomography
Authors: Wei S. Shawn , Zha Yang , Shen Weisen , Wiens Douglas A. , Conder James A. , Webb Spahr C.
Published: November 2016

We investigate the upper mantle seismic structure in the Tonga‐Lau‐Fiji region by jointly fitting the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves from ambient‐noise and two‐plane‐wave tomography. The results suggest a wide low‐velocity zone beneath the Lau Basin, with a minimum SV‐velocity of about 3.7 ± 0.1 km/s, indicating upwelling hot asthenosphere with extensive partial melting. The variations of velocity anomalies along the Central and Eastern Lau Spreading Centers suggest varying mantle porosity filled with melt. In the north where the spreading centers are distant from the Tonga slab, the inferred melting commences at about 70 km depth, and forms an inclined zone in the mantle, dipping to the west away from the arc. This pattern suggests a passive decompression melting process supplied by the Australian plate mantle from the west. In the south, as the supply from the Australian mantle is impeded by the Lau Ridge lithosphere, flux melting controlled by water from the nearby slab dominates in the back‐arc. This source change results in the rapid transition in geochemistry and axial morphology along the spreading centers. The remnant Lau Ridge and the Fiji Plateau are characterized by a 60–80 km thick lithosphere underlain by a low‐velocity asthenosphere. Our results suggest the removal of the lithosphere of the northeastern Fiji Plateau‐Lau Ridge beneath the active Taveuni Volcano. Azimuthal anisotropy shows that the mantle flow direction rotates from trench‐perpendicular beneath Fiji to spreading‐perpendicular beneath the Lau Basin, which provides evidence for the southward flow of the mantle wedge and the Samoan plume.
Reconstruction of the IMF polarity using midlatitude geomagnetic observations in the nineteenth century
Authors: Vokhmyanin M. V. , Ponyavin D. I.
Published: November 2016

The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component affects the configuration of field‐aligned currents (FAC) whose geomagnetic response is observed from high to low latitudes. The ground magnetic perturbations induced by FACs are opposite on the dawnside and duskside and depend upon the IMF By polarity. Based on the multilinear regression analysis, we show that this effect is presented at the midlatitude observatories, Niemegk and Arti, in the X and Y components of the geomagnetic field. This allows us to infer the IMF sector structure from the old geomagnetic records made at Ekaterinburg and Potsdam since 1850 and 1890, respectively. Geomagnetic data from various stations provide proxies of the IMF polarity which coincide for the most part of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This supports their reliabilities and makes them suitable for studying the large‐scale IMF sector structure in the past.
Isosymmetric pressure‐induced bonding increase changes compression behavior of clinopyroxenes across jadeite‐aegirine solid solution in subduction zones
Authors: Xu Jingui , Zhang Dongzhou , Fan Dawei , Downs Robert T. , Hu Yi , Dera Przemyslaw K.
Published: November 2016

Pyroxenes are among the most important minerals of Earth's crust and upper mantle and play significant role in controlling subduction at convergent margins. In this study, synchrotron‐based single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments were carried out on a natural aegirine [NaFe3+Si2O6] sample at ambient temperature and high pressures to 60 GPa, simulating conditions within the coldest part of a subduction zone consisting of old lithosphere. The diffraction data reveal no obvious sign of structural phase transition in aegirine within this pressure range; however, several relevant structural parameter trends change noticeably at approximately 24 GPa, indicating the presence of the previously predicted isosymmetric bonding change, related to increase of coordination number of Na+ at M2 site. The pressure‐volume data, fit with third‐order Birch‐Murnaghan (BM3) equation of state over the whole pressure range, yields KT0 = 126(2) GPa and K′T0 = 3.3(1), while separate BM3 fits performed for the 0–24.0 GPa and 29.9–60.4 GPa pressure ranges give KT0 = 118(3) GPa, K′T0 = 4.2(3) and KT0 = 133(2) GPa, K′T0 = 3.0(1), suggesting that the structure stiffens as a result of the new bond formation. Aegirine exhibits strong anisotropic compression with unit strain axial ratios ε1:ε2:ε3 = 1.00:2.44:1.64. Structural refinements reveal that NaO8 polyhedron is the most compressible and SiO4 tetrahedron has the lowest compressibility. The consequence of bonding transition is that the compressional behavior of aegirine below ~24 GPa and above that pressure is quite different, with likely consequences for relevant thermodynamic parameters and ion diffusion coefficients.
Unbiased analysis of geomagnetic data sets and comparison of historical data with paleomagnetic and archeomagnetic records
Authors: Arneitz Patrick , Egli Ramon , Leonhardt Roman
Published: November 2016

Reconstructions of the past geomagnetic field provide fundamental constraints for understanding the dynamics of the Earth's interior, as well as serving as basis for magnetostratigraphic and archeomagnetic dating tools. Such reconstructions, when extending over epochs that precede the advent of instrumental measurements, rely exclusively on magnetic records from archeological artifacts, and, further in the past, from rocks and sediments. The most critical component of such indirect records is field intensity because of possible biases introduced by material properties and by laboratory protocols, which do not reproduce exactly the original field recording conditions. Large biases are usually avoided by the use of appropriate checking procedures; however, smaller ones can remain undetected in individual studies and might significantly affect field reconstructions. We introduce a new general approach for analyzing geomagnetic databases in order to investigate the reliability of indirect records. This approach is based on the comparison of historical records with archeomagnetic and volcanic data, considering temporal and spatial mismatches with adequate weighting functions and error estimation. A good overall agreement is found between indirect records and historical measurements, while for several subsets systematic bias is detected (e.g., inclination shallowing of lava records). We also demonstrate that simple approaches to analyzing highly inhomogeneous and internally correlated paleomagnetic data sets can lead to incorrect conclusions about the efficiency of quality checks and corrections. Consistent criteria for selecting and weighting data are presented in this review and can be used to improve current geomagnetic field modeling techniques.
Evolution and persistence of cross‐directional statistical dependence during finite‐Péclet transport through a real porous medium
Authors: Most Sebastian , Bijeljic Branko , Nowak Wolfgang
Published: November 2016

Transport of passive, dissolved compounds in fully‐saturated complex porous media frequently exhibits non‐Fickian characteristics. One of the most interesting questions is to ascertain the time scales at which it is possible to describe transport as a statistically independent process. Therefore, we study the mechanisms for evolution and then the decrease of non‐Fickianity as a function of increasing time. Adopting the Lagrangian perspective, we provide a nonlinear copula analysis of advective‐diffusive processes by analyzing particle trajectories in a real porous media, as provided by direct numerical simulations on the three‐dimensional image of Doddington sandstone. First, we analyze the memory effects between time‐consecutive particle position increments and cross dependence between longitudinal and transversal particle position increments as a function of given time increments and time lags between consecutive time increments. Second, we investigate the influence of the Péclet regime on the temporal evolution of dependence. Our main findings are: (a) Cross dependence between longitudinal and transversal particle position increments is persistent over the investigated range of time increments, even though this aspect has been neglected up to date. (b) Lower Péclet numbers lead to a weaker dependence that is, however, more persistent over time than in higher‐Péclet transport regimes. We confirm that non‐Fickianity comes from spatial coherence associated with heterogeneities of the velocity field that introduce cross dependence and memory into the transport process. Overall, we show that memory and cross dependence are persistent in and among all directions, that the dependence is highly‐nonlinear, occurs at different temporal scales, and is dependent on the Péclet number.
A multifaceted risk analysis of fathers’ self‐reported physical violence toward their children
Authors: Ellonen Noora , Peltonen Kirsi , Pösö Tarja , Janson Staffan
Published: November 2016

Existing research has shown that child maltreatment is carried out by both mothers and fathers. There is also an extensive body of literature analyzing reasons for mothers’ violent behavior. Among fathers, reasons are less well studied, resulting in the lack of a comprehensive picture of paternal child abuse. In this study, 20 child‐, parent‐, and family‐related factors have been included in a combined analysis to assess which of these may pose a risk for fathers’ severe violent behavior toward their children. The study is based on merged data from Finland and Sweden, in which an anonymous survey was answered by parents, based on representative samples of parents with 0–12‐year‐old children. The merged data set included 679 fathers and analyses were carried out using logistic regression models. Six percent of the fathers had committed severe violent acts, that is, slapped, hit, punched, kicked, bit, hit/tried to hit their child with an object or shook (under 2‐year‐old) their child at least once during the 12 months preceding the survey. Corporal punishment experienced by the fathers when they were children, or used by the father as a method of discipline, strongly increased the likelihood of severe violent acts. The findings emphasize the importance of preventing all forms of corporal punishment in seeking to minimize the occurrence of severe physical violence by fathers toward their children. Aggr. Behav. 43:317–328, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide‐Based Transistor Circuits for Gray Scale Organic Light‐Emitting Displays
Authors: Yu Sanghyuck , Kim Jin Sung , Jeon Pyo Jin , Ahn Jongtae , Park Jae Chul , Im Seongil
Published: November 2016

Two types of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) transistors are applied to demonstrate their possibility as switching/driving elements for the pixel of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display. Such TMD materials are 6 nm thin WSe2 and MoS2 as a p‐type and n‐type channel, respectively, and the pixel is thus composed of external green OLED and nanoscale thin channel field effect transistors (FETs) for switching and driving. The maximum mobility of WSe2‐FETs either as switch or as driver is ≈30 cm2 V−1 s−1, in linear regime of the gate voltage sweep range. Digital (ON/OFF‐switching) and gray‐scale analogue operations of OLED pixel are nicely demonstrated. MoS2 nanosheet FET‐based pixel is also demonstrated, although limited to alternating gray scale operation of OLED. Device stability issue is still remaining for future study but TMD channel FETs are very promising and novel for their applications to OLED pixel because of their high mobility and ID ON/OFF ratio.
Monomolecular and Bimolecular Recombination of Electron–Hole Pairs at the Interface of a Bilayer Organic Solar Cell
Authors: Hahn Tobias , Tscheuschner Steffen , Kahle Frank‐Julian , Reichenberger Markus , Athanasopoulos Stavros , Saller Christina , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen , Strohriegl Peter , Bässler Heinz , Köhler Anna
Published: November 2016

While it has been argued that field‐dependent geminate pair recombination (GR) is important, this process is often disregarded when analyzing the recombination kinetics in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). To differentiate between the contributions of GR and nongeminate recombination (NGR) the authors study bilayer OSCs using either a PCDTBT‐type polymer layer with a thickness from 14 to 66 nm or a 60 nm thick p‐DTS(FBTTh2)2 layer as donor material and C60 as acceptor. The authors measure JV‐characteristics as a function of intensity and charge‐extraction‐by‐linearly‐increasing‐voltage‐type hole mobilities. The experiments have been complemented by Monte Carlo simulations. The authors find that fill factor (FF) decreases with increasing donor layer thickness (Lp) even at the lowest light intensities where geminate recombination dominates. The authors interpret this in terms of thickness dependent back diffusion of holes toward their siblings at the donor–acceptor interface that are already beyond the Langevin capture sphere rather than to charge accumulation at the donor–acceptor interface. This effect is absent in the p‐DTS(FBTTh2)2 diode in which the hole mobility is by two orders of magnitude higher. At higher light intensities, NGR occurs as evidenced by the evolution of s‐shape of the JV‐curves and the concomitant additional decrease of the FF with increasing layer thickness.