bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective two‐centre study on prepubertal children with Tinea capitis in Korea
Authors: Lee Weon Ju , Lee Eun Hye , Bang Yong Jun , Jun Jae Bok
Published: October 2019

Tinea capitis is an infectious dermatological disorder caused by dermatophytes that occur primarily in children. It has recently been brought under effective control in Korea since the introduction of oral antifungal medications and the implementation of concerted public health initiatives. Therefore, its incidence rate has decreased considerably. We investigated changes in the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of tinea capitis patients under the age of 10 in Korea. Using medical records from Kyungpook National University Hospital and the Catholic Skin Disease Clinic from 1989 to 2018, we retrospectively investigated the characteristics of 786 patients with tinea capitis. Of the 786 patients, 744 were KOH‐positive. The annual incidence of tinea capitis was decreased from 120 to less than 10 between 1989 and 2018. Overall, 446 (56.74%) were male and 340 (43.26%) were female, representing a ratio of 1:0.8. In terms of the seasonality of it, 276 (35.11%) visited hospital in winter, 193 (24.55%) in spring, 177 (22.52%) in fall and 140 (17.81%) in summer. Dermatophytes were cultured from 628 patients. Microsporum canis was the most common dermatophyte (73.16%), followed by Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton rubum. Of the 786 patients, 577 (73.41%) lived in urban areas and 209 (26.59%) in rural areas. Changes in the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of children with tinea capitis were shown in incidence, sex distribution, seasonality and causative dermatophytes. The incidence of tinea capitis has fallen significantly in prepubertal children. Nevertheless, continuous surveillance is needed to prevent tinea capitis in Korea.
miR‐27a/b is a posttranscriptional regulator of Gpr126 (Adgrg6)
Authors: Musa Gentian , Srivastava Swati , Petzold Jana , Cazorla‐Vázquez Salvador , Engel Felix B.
Published: October 2019

Gpr126 (Adgrg6), a member of the adhesion G protein–coupled receptor family, has been associated with a variety of human diseases. Yet, despite its clinical importance, the mechanisms regulating Gpr126 expression are poorly understood. Here, we aimed at identifying upstream regulatory mechanisms of Gpr126 expression utilizing the heart as model organ in which Gpr126 regulates trabeculation. Here, we focused on possible regulation of Gpr126 regulation by microRNAs, which have emerged as key players in regulating development, have a critical role in disease progression, and might serve as putative therapeutic targets. In silico analyses identified one conserved binding site in the 3′ UTR of Gpr126 for microRNA 27a and 27b (miR‐27a/b). In addition, miR‐27a/b and Gpr126 expression were differentially expressed during rat heart development. A regulatory role of miR‐27a/b in controlling Gpr126 expression was substantiated by reduced Gpr126 mRNA levels upon ectopic expression of miR‐27a/b in HEK293T cells and miR‐27b in zebrafish embryos. Regulation of Gpr126 expression by direct binding of miR‐27a/b to the 3′ UTR of Gpr126 was verified by luciferase reporter assays in HEK293T cells. Finally, the modulation of gpr126 expression in zebrafish by injection of either miR‐27b or miR‐27b inhibitor in single cell–stage embryos resulted in hypo‐ or hypertrabeculation, respectively. Collectively, the data indicate that Gpr126 expression is regulated by miR‐27a/b.
Pharmacists' clinical competency towards oral mucosal diseases: Results from a mystery shopper study
Authors: Al‐Amad Suhail H. , Ghebeh Maya , Saloum Prescilla , Maarouf Tamara B. , Moustafa Yasmin M. , Younis Zeyad
Published: October 2019

Objectives

To investigate the clinical advices pharmacists would give to patients who present with various oral mucosal lesions.

Subjects and Methods

One hundred and twenty pharmacists in three major cities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were approached by senior dental students acting as mystery shoppers. Pharmacists were shown an image of one of four oral mucosal lesions representing candidosis, aphthous ulcer, erosive lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Pharmacists' referral pattern and choices of medications were recorded and assessed against demographic variables.

Results

Eighty‐eight per cent (88%) of pharmacists dispensed a non‐prescription medication to treat the oral lesions, including SCC, while only 12% recommended that the lesion shown to them be assessed by a clinician. Among all referral recommendations, 32% were for SCC (p = .006). Geographical proximity of a clinic to the pharmacy was a significant factor in determining pharmacists' referral recommendation (p = .036).

Conclusion

Most pharmacists dispensed a medication for oral mucosal lesions, including potentially malignant and malignant ones, without referring patients to a medical or dental practitioner. Pharmacists should be aware of the serious nature of some oral mucosal lesions and the necessity to refer those cases to a qualified practitioner for proper clinical assessment.
ABCB5 is activated by MITF and β‐catenin and is associated with melanoma differentiation
Authors: Louphrasitthiphol Pakavarin , Chauhan Jagat , Goding Colin R.
Published: October 2019

Defining markers of different phenotypic states in melanoma is important for understanding disease progression, determining the response to therapy, and defining the molecular mechanisms underpinning phenotype‐switching driven by the changing intratumor microenvironment. The ABCB5 transporter is implicated in drug‐resistance and has been identified as a marker of melanoma‐initiating cells. Indeed ongoing studies are using ABCB5 to define stem cell populations. However, we show here that the ABCB5 is a direct target for the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor MITF and its expression can be induced by β‐catenin, a key activator and co‐factor for MITF. Consequently, ABCB5 mRNA expression is primarily associated with melanoma cells exhibiting differentiation markers. The results suggest first that ABCB5 is unlikely to represent a marker of de‐differentiated melanoma stem cells, and second that ABCB5 may contribute to the non‐genetic drug‐resistance associated with highly differentiated melanoma cells. To reconcile the apparently conflicting observations in the field, we propose a model in which ABCB5 may mark a slow‐cycling differentiated population of melanoma cells.
Increased brain gyrification in the schizophrenia spectrum
Authors: Sasabayashi Daiki , Takayanagi Yoichiro , Takahashi Tsutomu , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Furuichi Atsushi , Kido Mikio , Nishikawa Yumiko , Nakamura Mihoko , Noguchi Kyo , Suzuki Michio
Published: October 2019

Aim

Increased brain gyrification in diverse cortical regions has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, possibly reflecting deviations in early neurodevelopment. However, it remains unknown whether patients with schizotypal disorder exhibit similar changes.

Methods

This magnetic resonance imaging study investigated brain gyrification in 46 patients with schizotypal disorder (29 male, 17 female), 101 patients with schizophrenia (55 male, 46 female), and 77 healthy controls (44 male, 33 female). T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained for each participant. Using FreeSurfer software, the local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was compared across the groups.

Results

Both schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder patients showed a significantly higher LGI in diverse cortical regions, including the bilateral prefrontal and left parietal cortices, as compared with controls, but its extent was broader in schizophrenia especially for the right prefrontal and left occipital regions. No significant correlations were found between the LGI and clinical variables (e.g., symptom severity, medication) for either of the patient groups.

Conclusion

Increased LGI in the frontoparietal regions was common to both patient groups and might represent vulnerability to schizophrenia, while more diverse changes in schizophrenia patients might be associated with the manifestation of florid psychosis.
Anemia management in cancer patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Latcha Sheron
Published: October 2019

Cancer and kidney disease are linked by causality and comorbidities. Observational data show an increased risk of malignancy as renal function declines. Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs), which are the cornerstone therapy for anemia patients with chronic kidney disease and cancer, are associated with increased risks for cancer, cancer‐related mortality, progression of disease, and thromboembolic events. This article examines the recently published guidelines for ESA use in cancer patients from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and American Society of Hematology and attempts to contextualize them to the care of patients with coexistent CKD, cancer, and anemia.
Missing the Forest for the Trees: Why Cognitive Science Circa 2019 Is Alive and Well
Authors: French Robert M.
Published: October 2019

Núñez and colleagues (2019) chronicle in extraordinary detail the “demise” of cognitive science, as it was first defined in the late 1970s. The problem is that their account, however accurate, misses the forest for the trees. Cognitive science circa 2019 is alive and well; it just has not followed the path anticipated by its founders over 40 years ago.
The use of rejuvenated red blood cells for transfusion in patients with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Webb Jennifer
Published: October 2019

See article on page 3102–3112, in this issue
Oculo‐skeletal dysplasia in five Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Sebbag Lionel , Riggs Alexandra , Carnevale Joyce
Published: October 2019

Objective

To describe the clinical features and diagnostic findings of Labrador Retrievers with oculo‐skeletal dysplasia (OSD).

Animal studied

Five privately owned dogs.

Procedures

Medical records of dogs diagnosed with OSD from 2008 through 2018 were reviewed. Patients were excluded if lacking disease confirmation through genetic testing (Optigen RD/OSD). Information collected included signalment, physical and ophthalmic examination findings, results of ocular ultrasound and electroretinogram, and digital radiographs of forelimbs and pelvis.

Results

All five dogs were Labrador Retrievers, confirmed to be homozygote for the OSD mutation. The main physical abnormalities were vision deficits (5 dogs), short‐limbed dwarfism (5), carpal valgus (4), and color dilution alopecia (4). The main ophthalmic anomalies were cataracts (10 eyes), vitreous syneresis (10), retinal separation (6), persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (2), lens coloboma (2), microphakia (2), and persistent tunica vasculosa lentis (1). Ocular ultrasound and electroretinogram confirmed the diagnoses of retinal separations and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. Radiographic changes included shortening of ulna and curved radius (5 dogs), elbow incongruity and osteoarthritis (4 dogs), hip dysplasia (3), and coxofemoral osteoarthritis (2). Available follow‐up information (2 dogs) showed progression of cataract from incipient to mature in one dog, necessitating cataract surgery, and progression of cataract and lameness in another dog.

Conclusions

The clinical findings of OSD are described in five Labrador Retrievers. DNA testing is critical to diagnose OSD and help eradicate this condition from the breed. Progression of cataracts and osteoarthritis in dogs with OSD warrants yearly monitoring.
Dynamic Analysis of Flow Field at the End of Combustor Simulator
Authors: Kianpour E. , Che Sidik Nor Azwadi , Mirza Bozorg Mohsen Agha Seyyed
Published: October 2019

This study was carried out in order to extend database knowledge about the flow field characteristics and define the various flow field contours inside a combustor simulator. The modern gas turbine industries try to get higher engine efficiencies. Brayton cycle is a key to achieve this purpose. According to this cycle industries should increase the turbine inlet temperature to get more engine efficiency and power. However the turbine inlet temperature increasing creates an extremely harsh environment for the downstream critical components such as turbine vanes. In this research a three-dimensional representation of a true Pratt and Whitney aero-engine which studied before in Virginia University was simulated and analyzed to collect essential data. This combustor simulator combined the interaction of two rows of dilution jets, which were staggered in the stream wise direction and aligned in the span wise direction, with that of filmcooling along the combustor liner walls. The overall findings of the study indicate that three-component velocity measurements showed the dilution jet-mainstream interaction produced shear forces and as a result a counter-rotating vortex pair was created. The highest turbulent kinetic energy was found at the top of recirculating region due to the interaction of the second row of dilution jets and mainstream flow. Furthermore, the centers of the counter-rotating vortex pair were spread relatively far apart due to the opposing dilution jets. Along the dilution jet centerline, negative stream wise velocities were measured indicating the recirculation region just downstream of the jet. Into the combustor exit, the acceleration of the flow increased and thereby the uniformity of the velocity profile enhancement was found as well.
The Effect of Parameter Changes to the Performance of a Triangular Shape Interrupted Microchannel Heat Sink
Authors: Abd Munir Fudhail , Mohd Azmi Mohd Irwan , Razali Nadlene , Mat Tokit Ernie
Published: October 2019

The effect of parameter changes on triangular shaped interrupted microchannel performance was studied by simulation using FLUENT software. The parameters that were studied are total length, and the contact angle. On the other hand, the investigated effects were pressure drop and platinum film temperature. The flow in microchannel is laminar and single phase. Water was used as the working fluid and the interrupted microchannel is made of silicon. A thin platinum film plate was deposited to provide uniform heat flux. The geometry dimension of the heat sink is 30 mm in length, width of 7 mm and the thickness of 0.525 mm. From the simulation results, it is found that the improvement on heat dissipation may be achieved by increasing the microchannel length at the expense of increase in pressure drop. In addition to that, by reducing the contact angle will result to reduction in term of pressure drop and increases the improvement thermal dissipation.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROVISION OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP HOUSING ESTATES IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
Authors: AbdulAzeez Abubakar Darda’u , Owoicho Michael Ejugwu , Badiru Yunusa Yusuf
Published: October 2019

Housing is important to the wellbeing of humans, it goes beyond providing shelter alone. Without proper infrastructure provision, housing cannot be sustainable. Infrastructure provision plays a huge role in making a community or society habitable. Rapid population growth brings about high demand for housing and infrastructure as experienced in the country’s capital Abuja. Government’s inability to provide sufficient housing and infrastructure in the past brought about the public private partnership in housing delivery where government provides primary infrastructure to districts and private estate developers provides secondary infrastructure to estates. This arrangement have suffered setbacks, as subscribers of houses under this scheme suffer from little or no infrastructure provision leading to poor living and environmental conditions and many houses remain unoccupied. This research aims to assess the factors affecting the provision of infrastructure in public private partnership estates. From the research findings, the inability of government to provide primary infrastructure to districts (RII=0.89), insufficient finance (RII=0.87) and high interests on loan (RII=0.80) ranked as the most significant factors affecting the provision of infrastructure. It was concluded from the findings that government’s inability to provide primary infrastructure in districts and insufficient loans are the major hindrances to estate developers in the provision of infrastructures in housing estates. It is recommended that government should participate fully in the provision of infrastructure in districts and act as minority equity co-investor in future housing development projects.
INTELLIGENT CONTROLLERS FOR VELOCITY TRACKING OF TWO WHEELED INVERTED PENDULUM MOBILE ROBOT
Authors: A. Bature Amir , Buyamin Salinda , N. Ahmad Mohamed , Muhammad Mustapha , M. Abdullahi Auwalu
Published: October 2019

Velocity tracking is one of the important objectives of vehicle, machines and mobile robots. A two wheeled inverted pendulum (TWIP) is a class of mobile robot that is open loop unstable with high nonlinearities which makes it difficult to control its velocity because of its nature of pitch falling if left unattended. In this work, three soft computing techniques were proposed to track a desired velocity of the TWIP. Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), Neural Network Inverse Model control (NN) and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were designed and simulated on the TWIP model. All the three controllers have shown practically good performance in tracking the desired speed and keeping the robot in upright position and ANFIS has shown slightly better performance than FLC, while NN consumes more energy.
ADAPTIVE CHEBYSHEV FUSION OF VEGETATION IMAGERY BASED ON SVM CLASSIFIER
Authors: Omar Zaid , Hamzah Nur’Aqilah , Stathaki Tania
Published: October 2019

A novel adaptive image fusion method by using Chebyshev polynomial analysis (CPA), for applications in vegetation satellite imagery, is introduced in this paper. Fusion is a technique that enables the merging of two satellite cameras: panchromatic and multi-spectral, to produce higher quality satellite images to address agricurtural and vegetation issues such as soiling, floods and crop harvesting. Recent studies show Chebyshev polynomials to be effective in image fusion mainly in medium to high noise conditions, as per real-life satellite conditions. However, its application was limited to heuristics. In this research, we have proposed a way to adaptively select the optimal CPA parameters according to user specifications. Support vector machines (SVM) is used as a classifying tool to estimate the noise parameters, from which the appropriate CPA degree is utilised to perform image fusion according to a look-up table. Performance evaluation affirms the approach’s ability in reducing the computational complexity to perform fusion. Overall, adaptive CPA fusion is able to optimize an image fusion system’s resources and processing time. It therefore may be suitably incorporated onto real hardware for use on vegetation satellite imagery.
A GENERIC DATABASE FORENSIC INVESTIGATION PROCESS MODEL
Authors: Al-Dhaqm Arafat , Abd Razak Shukor , Othman Siti Hajar , Nagdi Asri , Ali Abdulalem
Published: October 2019

Database Forensic investigation is a domain which deals with database contents and their metadata to reveal malicious activities on database systems. Even though it is still new, but due to the overwhelming challenges and issues in the domain, this makes database forensic become a fast growing and much sought after research area. Based on observations made, we found that database forensic suffers from having a common standard which could unify knowledge of the domain. Therefore, through this paper, we present the use of Design Science Research (DSR) as a research methodology to develop a Generic Database Forensic Investigation Process Model (DBFIPM). From the creation of DBFIPM, five common forensic investigation processes have been proposed namely, the i) identification, ii) collection, iii) preservation, iv) analysis and v) presentation process. From the DBFIPM, it allows the reconciliation of concepts and terminologies of all common databases forensic investigation processes. Thus, this will potentially facilitate the sharing of knowledge on database forensic investigation among domain stakeholders.
THREE-PARAMETER LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION: PARAMETRIC ESTIMATION USING L-MOMENT AND TL-MOMENT APPROACH
Authors: Mat Jan Nur Amalina , Shabri Ani , Ismail Shuhaida , Badyalina Basri , Abadan Siti Sarah , Yusof Norhafizah
Published: October 2019

The three-parameter lognormal (LN3) distribution has been applied to the frequency analysis of flood events. L-moment and TL-moment methods are applied in estimating parameters of the LN3 distribution which are L-moment, η = 0 and TL-moment, η = 1, 2, 3, and 4 to the LN3 distribution. A simulation study is conducted in this paper by fitting this distribution to generate LN3 and non LN3 samples. Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) and relative bias are evaluated to illustrate the performance of this distribution. The performance of TL-moments approach was compared with L-moments based on the streamflow data from Sg. Trolak and Sg. Slim which are located in Perak, Malaysia. The results showed that TL-moments approach produced a better result at high quantile estimation compared to L-moments.
Evolución en la noción de riesgo asegurable y nuevos mercados: efectos y desafíos para la industria aseguradora desde una aproximación práctica
Authors: Rios Urzúa Vicente
Published: October 2019

La fuerte diversificación de mercados potenciales a implicado en los últimos años un importante incremento en el volumen de transacciones y, como consecuencia, la necesidad de lograr un mejor y más profundo conocimiento de cada una de las industrias tomadoras tradicionales. En este sentido, los esfuerzos se han centrado en mejorar la conceptualización de ocurrencias transferibles, lo que ha devenido en nuevas categorías de riesgos asegurables, pero siempre en un contexto mayoritariamente comercial en términos de respuestas taylor made, lo que para el resto de la industria se traduce en esfuerzos regulatorios, normativos y contractuales que muchas veces no generan reacciones oportunas respecto de las expectativas del mercado. En este escenario, cobra valor contar con una visión dinámica de riesgo asegurable, lo que permite ex ante internalizar condiciones que pueden apoyar la automatización en la suscripción de riesgos atípicos como si fueran riesgos tradicionales.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of the Flow Force Exerted on the Disk of a Direct-Operated Pressure Safety Valve in Energy System
Authors: Zong Chaoyong , Zheng Fengjie , Chen Dianjing , Dempster William , Song Xueguan
Published: October 2019

The flow force acting on a valve disk plays an important role in the overall performance of pressure safety valves (PSVs). To quantify the disk force, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods have been widely implemented. In this paper, the capability of CFD models, and the identification of the most suitable turbulence models' geometry modeling and mesh requirements have been assessed to establish the accuracy of CFD models for disk force prediction. For validation purposes, a PSV disk force measuring rig was designed and constructed to obtain the steady-state flow forces exerted on the valve disk at different valve openings. The CFD model assessment is achieved by comparing the simulation results to experimental measurements; this is achieved in two stages. Stage 1 investigates the use of Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based turbulence models where two-dimensional (2D) simulations are performed with five turbulence models. The results indicate that a variety of force results are produced by different turbulence models, among which the shear stress transport (SST) k–ω was found to have the best performance. Stage 2 investigates meshing and the use of symmetry and geometry simplifications; 2D, 1/8 three-dimensional (3D) and 1/2 3D mesh models are examined. The results indicate that the 1/8 3D mesh model is the optimal choice, owing to its higher accuracy and reasonable grid scale. The studies performed in this paper extend the knowledge of compressible flow force prediction, and should facilitate the design or optimization of PSVs.
Crack Growth Evaluation for Cracked Stainless and Carbon Steel Pipes Under Large Seismic Cyclic Loading
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshihito , Katsuyama Jinya , Li Yinsheng , Onizawa Kunio
Published: October 2019

Some Japanese nuclear power plants have experienced several large earthquakes beyond the design basis ground motion. In addition, cracks resulting from long-term operation have been detected in piping systems. Therefore, to assess the structure integrity and to evaluate the fragility of cracked pipes taking the occurrence of large earthquakes into account, it is very important to establish a crack growth evaluation method for cracked pipes that are subjected to large seismic cyclic response loading. In our previous study, we proposed an evaluation method for crack growth during large earthquakes through experimental study using small size specimens and investigation using finite element analyses. In the present study, to confirm applicability of the proposed method to pipe, crack growth tests were conducted on both stainless and carbon steel pipe specimens with a circumferential through-wall crack, considering large seismic cyclic response loading with complex waveforms. The predicted crack growth values are in good agreement with the experimental results and the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed.
A Numerical Study of Shock and Heating With Rarefaction for Hypersonic Flow Over a Cylinder
Authors: Assam Ashwani , Nived M. R. , Kalkote Nikhil Narayan , Eswaran Vinayak
Published: October 2019

The numerical computation of hypersonic flows over blunt bodies is challenging due to the difficulty in robust and accurate wall heat flux prediction and proper capturing of shock waves free from the “carbuncle” phenomenon and other shock anomalies. It is important to understand how this behavior is affected due to rarefaction, which in turn will help to improve the study of aerospace vehicles flowing in rarefied and hypersonic regime. Recently, the SLAU2 convective scheme was shown to suppress the shock anomalies found in capturing strong shocks, however, it still showed a wavy pattern of heating. We have proposed a modification to the SLAU2 convective scheme to improve the accuracy of flow predictions in the presence of strong shocks. We then perform the numerical simulation of hypersonic viscous flow over a cylinder at Mach 8 and 16.34 at different Knudsen numbers. We carry out the study using the modified SLAU2 and the classical Roe schemes. We study how the shock anomalies found in the continuum hypersonic flows behave with the degree of rarefaction. It is found that the modified SLAU2 captures the shock free from the shock anomalies at all Kn, while the Roe scheme lacks robustness for Kn≲10−3. The variation of different flow properties such as heat flux, wall shear stress, and the Mach number is investigated. The peak heating value was observed to decrease with the degree of rarefaction.
Experimental Study on Comprehensive Performance of Sintering Biporous Wicks Prepared by Salt Dissolution and Cold Pressing Process
Authors: Guo Chunsheng , Jiang Cheng , Ma Jun , Cao Yingwen , Zou Yong , Liu Yong
Published: October 2019

Porous wicks are a key component of loop heat pipes (LHPs). In order to enhance the antigravity and long-distance operation ability of the LHP, a porous wick is required to have the characteristics of high permeability and high capillary suction capability. In this paper, biporous wicks were prepared by salt dissolution pore-forming technology, and a gas resistance testing platform and a capillary suction testing platform were setup to test the samples. The current research studies the effects of different pore-forming agent mass ratios (10%, 30%, and 40%) and different cold pressing pressures (30 kN, 40 kN, 50 kN, and 60 kN) on the porosity, permeability, and the suction speed. The study finds that the porosity, permeability, and the total suction mass of the porous wicks all increase when the NaCl mass increases; the increase of the suction speed is proportional to the increase of the porosity and the permeability, and hence, proportional to the increase of NaCl mass. The total suction mass and suction speed is inversely proportional to cold pressing pressure.
Tooth Surface Modelling and Mesh Behaviors for Paralleled Beveloid Gears
Authors: Sun Ruihua , Song Chaosheng , Zhu Caichao , Liu Siyuan , Wei Changxu
Published: October 2019

This paper proposed a new tooth surface modeling method for beveloid gear based on the real cutter surface using two orthogonal variables. Then, the analytical mesh model with and without misalignments were derived and solved to study the influences of geometry design parameters on contact behaviors for paralleled beveloid gear pair. Loaded tooth contact analysis is used to validate the proposed mesh model by abaqus software, and the error is below 5%. Results suggest that the increase in pressure, cone, and helical angles enlarge the contact area for meshing without misalignments. The addendum coefficient has unsubstantial impacts on the contact behaviors. For meshing with axis error in the horizontal direction, the growth of pressure angle, cone angle, helical angle, and addendum coefficient improves the carrying capacity of single tooth. But the transmission error deteriorates with the increase in pressure, cone, and helical angles. All three types of misalignments have little influence on the size of the contact ellipse. The growth of axis errors in horizontal and vertical directions significantly increases the transmission error, but the center distance error has a little influence on the transmission precision.
Design, Analysis, Experimentation, and Control of a Partially Compliant Bistable Mechanism
Authors: Tekes Ayse , Lin Hongkuan , McFall Kevin
Published: October 2019

This study presents the design analysis and development of a novel partially compliant bistable mechanism. Motion behavior dependence on links and relative angles are analyzed, lumped parameter model is derived, mechanism parts including the compliant members are three-dimensional (3D) printed and a state feedback controller is implemented so that the slider follows a well-defined trajectory if designed as an actuator. The proposed mechanism consists of initially straight, large deflecting fixed-pinned compliant links, rigid links, and a sliding mass. Dynamic response of the mechanism is studied using elliptic integral solutions, pseudo rigid body model (PRBM), vector closure loop equations and Elliptic integrals. Nonlinear model is simulated in matlab simulink using fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta algorithms. The research emphasizes on the realization and dynamic response of the mechanism and the trajectory control of the slider so that the slider can be kept constant at specified distances resulting a dwell motion if designed as a linear actuator.
Influences of Rotational Speed Variations on the Flow-Induced Vibrational Performance of a Prototype Reversible Pump Turbine in Spin-No-Load Mode
Authors: Zheng Xianghao , Zhang Yuning , Li Jinwei , Zhang Yuning
Published: October 2019

During the spin-no-load mode, vibrational performance of the reversible pump turbine is an important criterion for the evaluation of the operational performances of the power station. In the present paper, the influences of rotational speed variations on the vibrational performances of the whole unit (including the top cover, the upper, and the lower brackets) are experimentally investigated with discussions of their sources and propagation characteristics. According to the whole vibrational levels and the dominant frequencies of the vibration signals obtained at the top cover, the investigated cases with different rotational speeds could be divided into three partitions with their main characteristics given as follows. In the first partition (with low rotational speeds), the vibrational level is quite limited, and its source is the pressure fluctuation generated by the swirling vortex rope in the draft tube. In the second partition (with medium rotational speeds), the vibrational level gradually increases and its source is the mechanical aspects of the impeller rotation. In the third partition (with high rotational speeds), the vibrational level is prominent with a prominent swirling vortex rope in the draft tube and intensive rotor–stator interactions in the vaneless space (VS). For the vibrations of the upper and the lower brackets, the vibrations mainly originate from the mechanical aspects of the impeller rotation and the amplitudes of the dominant frequency also increase with the increment of the rotational speed. Finally, differences between the vibrational performances of the spin-no-load mode and the generating mode are discussed.
Rāranga - the art of weaving
Authors: Kirkwood Tauke
Published: October 2019

Raranga Harakeke (weaving with flax) is a sensory modulation tool used by the ‘Pupukemoana’ team, a child and adolescent mental health team based at Waitemata District Health Board in Tamaki Makaurau. It is an effective tool that uses western sensory concepts to self-regulate and make emotional adjustments by implementing a Māori cultural perspective using flax weaving. Prior to this project there were no Māori cultural constructs/tools offered to Māori whānau by the Child Youth & Family Mental Health Services based at Waitemata District Health Board. Raranga Harakeke provide a range of Māori values and concepts, practices and principles that can be drawn on to work effectively within whānau dynamics to assist in healing and well-being.
Does the consensus about the value of supervision in social work stifle research and innovation?
Authors: Beddoe Liz , Wilkins David
Published: October 2019

Editorial
Ngā Aroro and Social Work Supervision
Authors: Wallace Eliza
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: This article explores the interconnectivity between Te Ao Māori (Māori worldview) concepts and supervision.METHOD: The main focus of the research was to highlight ngā aroro (key concepts) from Te Ao Māorii that influence critical reflection in supervision and the cultural effectiveness of supervision. The embedding of kaupapa Māori (Māori approaches) research principles and ethics meant that the methodology provided a supportive shelter for consciousness-raising, critical dialogue, reflection on supervision practice and for oral cultural narrative to be honoured. A unique part of the methodology was the inclusion of a Whakawhanaungatanga Research Advisory Roopu, which provided the necessary cultural oversight of the research.FINDINGS: The research used a thematic analysis that brought to light six conceptual themes from Te Ao Māori to unlock heightened holistic learning and support in supervision practice. The findings revealed that customary knowledge, skills and methods were purposefully accessedto enable the re-indigenising of social work supervision. The conceptual frameworks showed elements of co-design, an awakened spiritual awareness and a desire to explore one’s cultural sense of self.IMPLICATIONS: The research challenges the conventions of social work supervision to review supervision theory and practice particularly in considering the strengths of supervision provided by non-registered social work supervisors and the cultural effectiveness of supervision being developed, measured and evaluated based on the supervision goals of the supervisee and indigenous aspirations.
The supervision of registered social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand: A national survey
Authors: O’Donoghue Kieran B.
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: Registered social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand are expected to participate in supervision in accordance with the Social Workers Registration Board’s policies. This article reports baseline findings on the supervision of registered social workers, comparing their supervision with the Board’s policy and guidelines.METHODS: A postal survey of 278 registered social workers was conducted to establish a baseline regarding their supervision. IBM SPSS 24 was used to analyse the data. Descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were applied to explore variances in means for the independent variables of registration type, gender, age, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, recognised qualifications, and experience as social worker across 11 scales concerning the respondents’ supervision.FINDINGS: The findings report demographic information about the supervisees as well as a description of the supervision they participated in. This includes detail about various aspects of supervision, including forms, overall emphasis, logistics, types of contact, climate, methods and processes, experiences of their supervisor’s approaches and models, session processes and content and their overall satisfaction and evaluation.CONCLUSIONS: While most registered social workers’ supervision is in accordance with the Board’s expectations and Code of Conduct, further work is needed to ensure all registered social workers participate in appropriate supervision that meets these expectations. Concerns are raised about the cultural responsiveness of supervision in relation to supervisees and clients. Suggestions are made concerning further research in relation to the influence of gender, culture, sexual orientation, experience, qualifications, and registration status within supervision.
Polarization, thin-film optics, ellipsometry, and polarimetry: Retrospective
Authors: Azzam R. M. A.
Published: October 2019

As plenary speaker at the 2019 ICSE-8 Conference in Barcelona, Spain, the author was invited to review several of his published contributions to polarization optics of interfaces and thin films, ellipsometry, and polarimetry over the past 50 years. This paper is an abridged account of his oral presentation. The author reconsiders the reflection of p- and s-polarized and unpolarized light at dielectric-dielectric and dielectric-conductor interfaces and obtains interesting results. For example, the author shows how the retrieval of the reflection phase shift of s-polarized light from p and s intensity reflectance data enables the determination of the complex dielectric function of an absorbing medium on a wavelength-by-wavelength basis without ellipsometry or Kramers–Kronig analysis. Novel achromatic and angle-insensitive single- and four-reflection wave retarders are presented that are particularly suited for the near IR. The author also shows how binary-thickness thin-film optical coatings on a high-index substrate can generate binary spatial and temporal polarization modulation by reflection. Finally, O'Bryan's 1936 vacuum ellipsometer is revisited and the author shows how it can be adapted for the measurement of the optical properties of absorbing liquids using attenuated total reflection spectroscopic ellipsometry.
Antiviral activity of a purine synthesis enzyme reveals a key role of deamidation in regulating protein nuclear import
Authors: Li Junhua , Zhao Jun , Xu Simin , Zhang Shu , Zhang Junjie , Xiao Jun , Gao Ruoyun , Tian Mao , Zeng Yi , Lee Katie , Tarakanova Vera , Lan Ke , Feng Hao , Feng Pinghui
Published: October 2019

A nucleotide metabolic enzyme restricts viral lytic replication via protein deamidation.
Troughs developed in ice-stream shear margins precondition ice shelves for ocean-driven breakup
Authors: Alley Karen E. , Scambos Ted A. , Alley Richard B. , Holschuh Nicholas
Published: October 2019

Fast-flowing ice shelves may form channels under their margins that promote calving and retreat under warming ocean conditions.
Analysis of “old” proteins unmasks dynamic gradient of cartilage turnover in human limbs
Authors: Hsueh Ming-Feng , Önnerfjord Patrik , Bolognesi Michael P. , Easley Mark E. , Kraus Virginia B.
Published: October 2019

A limited salamander-like regenerative capability is revealed by distal joint cartilage turnover in humans.
Patient-derived organoids can predict response to chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Ooft Salo N. , Weeber Fleur , Dijkstra Krijn K. , McLean Chelsea M. , Kaing Sovann , van Werkhoven Erik , Schipper Luuk , Hoes Louisa , Vis Daniel J. , van de Haar Joris , Prevoo Warner , Snaebjornsson Petur , van der Velden Daphne , Klein Michelle , Chalabi Myriam , Boot Henk , van Leerdam Monique , Bloemendal Haiko J. , Beerepoot Laurens V. , Wessels Lodewyk , Cuppen Edwin , Clevers Hans , Voest Emile E.
Published: October 2019

Tumor organoids from individual patients with metastatic colorectal cancer can help predict response to irinotecan with or without 5-fluorouracil.
Later is better: Corticosteroids selectively suppress early memory T cells
Authors: Kulkarni Rajan P.
Published: October 2019

Systemic corticosteroid therapy selectively affects low-affinity memory CD8
+
T cells and may alter the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.
Transcription Factor Atf1 Regulates Expression of Cellulase and Xylanase Genes during Solid-State Fermentation of Ascomycetes
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Liao Xu-Zhong , Wang Jiu-Xiang , Ning Yuan-Ni , Li Cheng-Xi , Liao Lu-Sheng , Liu Qi , Jiang Qi , Gu Li-Sha , Fu Li-Hao , Yan Yu-Si , Xiong Ya-Ru , He Qi-Peng , Su Lin-Hui , Duan Cheng-Jie , Luo Xue-Mei , Feng Jia-Xun
Published: October 2019

The transition to a more environmentally friendly economy encourages studies involving the high-value-added utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Solid-state fermentation (SSF), that simulates the natural habitat of soil microorganisms, is used for a variety of applications such as biomass biorefinery. Prior to the current study, our understanding of genome-wide gene expression and of the regulation of gene expression of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes in ascomycete fungi during SSF was limited. Here, we employed RNA sequencing and genetic analyses to investigate transcriptomes of
Penicillium oxalicum
strain EU2101 cultured on medium containing different carbon sources and to identify and characterize transcription factors for regulating the expression of cellulase and xylanase genes during SSF. The results generated will provide novel insights into genetic engineering of filamentous fungi to further increase enzyme production.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Endophytic Biocontrol Bacterium, Bacillus velezensis PG12, Isolated from Apple Fruit
Authors: Zeng Qingchao , Xie Jianbo , Li Yan , Chen Xinyi , Wang Qi
Published: October 2019

Bacillus velezensis
PG12 is a biocontrol endophytic bacterium that is capable of inhibition of a broad range of plant-pathogenic fungi. The strain has the potential to be developed into a biocontrol agent for use in agriculture. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
B. velezensis
PG12, which contains 22 scaffolds (3,990,845 bp), 3,884 coding sequences (CDSs), and an average G+C content of 46.45%.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Rabbit Endogenous Lentivirus Type K Viruses Obtained from Commercial Meat Rabbits in Italy
Authors: Zamperin Gianpiero , Milani Adelaide , Fusaro Alice , Schivo Alessia , Zandonà Luca , Bano Luca , Monne Isabella
Published: October 2019

Rabbit endogenous lentivirus type K (RELIK) was discovered in the genome of the European rabbit (
Oryctolagus cuniculus
). In our study, we present three complete genome sequences of RELIK viruses generated using a target amplification approach performed on the RNA of commercial rabbits from Italy.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the Mycoplasma mucosicanis Type Strain
Authors: Tallmadge Rebecca L. , Mitchell Patrick K. , Anderson Renee , Franklin-Guild Rebecca , Goodman Laura B.
Published: October 2019

Whole-genome sequencing of
Mycoplasma mucosicanis
type strain 1642 was performed to support efforts to better understand the clinical significance of
Mycoplasma
infection in canine health. The availability of this sequence will also further the development of highly specific diagnostic tests.
Complete Genome Sequences and Transmission Electron Micrographs of
Listeria
Phages of the Genus
Homburgvirus
Authors: Hudson Lauren K. , Peters Tracey L. , Song Yaxiong , Denes Thomas G.
Published: October 2019

Bacteriophages that infect the foodborne pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
were previously isolated from New York dairy farms. The complete genome sequences for three of these
Listeria
phages, with genome sizes of 64.6 to 65.7 kb, are presented here.
Listeria
phages LP-010, LP-013, and LP-031-2 are siphoviruses that belong to the genus
Homburgvirus
.
Complete Genome Sequence of A388, an Antibiotic-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Global Clone 1 Isolate from Greece
Authors: Hamidian Mohammad , Wick Ryan R. , Judd Louise M. , Holt Kathryn E. , Hall Ruth M.
Published: October 2019

Acinetobacter baumannii
isolate A388, recovered in Greece in 2002, represents a distinct antibiotic-resistant lineage of global clone 1 (GC1) producing the OXA-58 carbapenemase. We present the complete 4.332-Mbp genome sequence (chromosome plus 1 plasmid), generated by combining long (MinION) and short (Illumina HiSeq) read sequencing data.
Alteration of Prion Strain Emergence by Nonhost Factors
Authors: Holec Sara A. M. , Yuan Qi , Bartz Jason C.
Published: October 2019

The prion strain, surface type, and matrix containing PrP
Sc
can influence PrP
Sc
surface adsorption. The cumulative effect of these factors can result in strain- and soil-specific differences in prion bioavailability. Environmental weathering processes can result in decreases in PrP
Sc
conversion efficiency and infectivity. Little is known about how incomplete inactivation of surface-bound PrP
Sc
affects transmission and prion strain emergence. Here, we show that strain interference occurs with soil-bound prions and that altering the ratios of prion strains by strain-specific inactivation can affect strain emergence. Additionally, we identify a novel mechanism of inhibition of prion conversion by environmental treatment-induced changes at the soil-protein interface altering strain emergence. These novel findings suggest that environmental factors can influence strain emergence of surface-bound prions.
National quality improvement programmes need time and resources to have an impact
Authors: Cook Rob , Lamont Tara , Martin Rosie
Published: October 2019

The study

Peden CJ, Stephens T, Martin G et al. Effectiveness of a national quality improvement programme to improve survival after emergency abdominal surgery (EPOCH): a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial.
Lancet
2019;393:2213-21.

This project was funded by the NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research Programme (project number 12/5005/10).

To read the full NIHR Signal, go to
https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000789/national-quality-improvement-programmes-need-time-and-resources-to-have-impact