bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shortened Fornix Syndrome After Posterior-Approach Ptosis Repair
Authors: Shoji Marissa K. , Al-Sharif Eman , Liu Catherine Y. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To describe and characterize shortened fornix syndrome (SFS), a rare complication following posterior-approach ptosis repair using conjunctival Müller muscle resection.

Methods:

This retrospective case series evaluates 4 patients who developed SFS after conjunctival Müller muscle resection. Clinical characteristics, surgical histories, management, and outcomes are reviewed.

Results:

A total of 4 patients (2 females, 2 males; aged 61–74 years old) presented with ptosis associated with fornix shortening and symblepharon following conjunctival Müller muscle resection performed at outside hospitals. Potential contributing factors included intraoperative complications and multiple posterior-approach surgeries. Management strategies varied, including 5-fluorouracil and triamcinolone injections into the symblepharon, ocular surface reconstruction with symblepharon lysis and amniotic membrane grafting, and external levator advancement. All patients showed improvement in the SFS and eyelid height with treatment.

Conclusion:

SFS, characterized by symblepharon, fornix shortening, and associated functional issues including ptosis and restricted eye movements, is a rare but significant complication of posterior-approach ptosis repair. Only one prior report has documented a similar entity in patients after conjunctival Müller muscle resection using glaucoma drops; interestingly, our cases occurred in patients without significant ocular surface or topical ocular medication use, suggesting SFS can develop independently of such treatments. Prevention strategies include meticulous intraoperative technique and a cautious approach to large resections or repeat posterior-based surgeries, with consideration of anterior-based techniques if appropriate. Management of SFS via a staged approach involving ocular surface reconstruction followed by anterior-based ptosis repair may lead to satisfactory outcomes. Awareness of this complication is crucial for proper patient selection and management of ptosis.
American Association of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology Essential Knowledge in Interventional Pulmonology Series
Authors: Chrissian Ara A. , Abbas Hatoon , Chaddha Udit , Debiane Labib G. , DeBiasi Erin , Filsoof Darius , Hashmi Muhammad Daniyal , Morton Christopher , Naselsky Warren C. , Pannu Jasleen , Ronaghi Reza , Salguero Bertin D. , Salmon Cristina , Stewart Shelby J. , Channick Colleen L.
Published: December 2024

The goal of the American Association of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology Essential Knowledge in Interventional Pulmonology Series is to provide clinicians with concise, up-to-date reviews of important topics in the field of interventional pulmonology. This 3-year alternating rotation of primary topics will start with a focus on selected topics in malignant pleural disease. In this article, we update the reader on malignant pleural effusion in 3 parts: part 1—diagnosis, focusing on imaging and fluid biomarkers; part 2—management, with review of multimodal approaches, cost considerations, and evolving targeted therapies; and part 3—pleural mesothelioma. These reviews complement the Essential Knowledge in Interventional Pulmonology Lecture Series presented at the 2023 AABIP Annual Conference, available for viewing on the AABIP website (https://aabip.memberclicks.net/essential-knowledge-in-interventional-pulmonology-series).
Incidence and Outcomes of Revision Bronchoscopies Following Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction (BLVR)
Authors: Mahajan Amit K. , Collar Nancy , Muldowney Frances , Patel Priya P. , Hogarth Douglas K. , Duong Duy K.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to reduce shortness of breath and improve functionality in some patients with emphysema. While BLVR is often effective for improving dyspnea by causing target lobe atelectasis, the treatment effect can sometimes be lost. This study reviews the incidence of revision bronchoscopies in patients who lost or never achieved target lobe atelectasis following BLVR.

Methods:

This retrospective, single-center analysis reviewed patients who underwent BLVR over a 5-year period. All patients were determined to be collateral ventilation negative by an intraprocedural Chartis system assessment. Treatment success was defined as radiographic target lobe atelectasis. For patients who underwent revision bronchoscopies, the EMR was used to review procedure notes, radiographic imaging, post-BLVR analyses, and outpatient clinic notes to collect data on the indication for revision bronchoscopy, intraprocedural observations accounting for loss of treatment effect, revision interventions performed, and outcomes of revision bronchoscopies. After a minimum of 10 postoperative days, at the discretion of the treating physician, an EBV revision bronchoscopy could be performed if target lobe atelectasis was lost or never developed after initial treatment.

Results:

Forty-three total valve revision procedures were performed, based on first, second, and third bronchoscopies combined. The most common cause for revision bronchoscopy based on the intraoperative assessment was air leaking around one or more valves from either incorrect sizing of previous valves or airway stretching in 18 revision procedures (42%). Thirty-four revision procedures (79%) were performed for loss of previous atelectasis, and 24 (70%) resulted in the redevelopment of target lobe atelectasis. Nine revision procedures (21%) were performed for lack of initial target lobe atelectasis. Two of the 9 revision procedures (22%) performed for failure to achieve initial atelectasis resulted in new target lobe atelectasis.

Conclusion:

Post-BLVR revision bronchoscopies are necessary in ∼20% of patients for either loss of target lobe atelectasis or failure to achieve atelectasis after the initial BLVR procedure. In many cases, especially when atelectasis is lost, revision bronchoscopies can reestablish post-BLVR atelectasis.
Unusual polypoid endometriosis with initial impression of abdominal ectopic pregnancy, discovered accidentally: case report and literature review
Authors: Barghash Huda Omar , Abo Moughdeb Aimar Khir , Moualla Mirna , Wazan Wael , AL Haj Diab Sarah , Issa Abdulmoez , Roumiah Mayada
Published: December 2024

Introduction and importance:

Polypoid endometriosis (PE) is a rare entity, but it is important to recognize because it represents a huge diagnostic challenge due to rarity. On the other hand, it presents as a mass, so it can mimic multiple medical conditions like tumors or abdominal ectopic pregnancy, just like our case.

Case presentation:

In our case, we present a 16-year-old pregnant woman who was admitted to a rural hospital with amenorrhea and an acute abdomen. Finally diagnosed with PE by accidentally!

Clinical discussion:

The patient underwent an emergency surgery under suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy. During the operation, a mass arising from Douglas pouch was found, which was suspected to be an abdominal ectopic pregnancy. The patient was referred to our hospital for further management due to lack of surgical resources. We removed the mass and sent it for histology, which revealed benign PE.

Conclusion:

Our goal through this case is to shed light on these conditions so that they are not misdiagnosed.
Salvage pulmonary embolectomy following cardiac arrest: a 10-year experience
Authors: Akhlaghpasand Mohammadhosein , Mohammadi Ida , Hajnorouzali Amir , Firouzabadi Sharyar Rajai , Hosseinpour Melika , Hajikarimloo Bardia , Yazdani Kaveh Oraii , Zeraatian-Nejad Sam , Eghbali Foolad
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly massive PE, presents significant mortality risk, often necessitating emergency intervention such as surgical embolectomy. The prognosis for patients undergoing such interventions, especially after cardiac arrest, remains poor due to hemodynamic complications. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of salvage pulmonary embolectomy in patients experiencing cardiac arrest due to massive PE, focusing on survival outcomes and influential risk factors.

Methods:

Conducted at a single center over 10 years, this retrospective study involved 21 patients who underwent surgical embolectomy post-cardiac arrest due to massive PE. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical presentation, and outcomes, analyzing factors such as age, hospital stay, and operative details.

Results:

Out of 21 patients, 13 survived 1 year post-operation, translating to a 1-year survival rate of 61.90%. Intra-hospital survival was 76.19% (16 patients). Notable findings included a significant association between increased age and higher mortality (hazard ratio = 1.14, P = 0.024), and a longer hospital stay post-procedure in non-survivors (hazard ratio = 1.52, P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

Salvage pulmonary embolectomy can improve survival in patients with massive PE following cardiac arrest. However, outcomes heavily depend on the patient’s age and the length of the hospital stay. Future studies should focus on refining surgical techniques and improving pre- and postoperative care to enhance survival rates further.
Individualized Physical Activity Prescriptions for Children and Adolescents With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Dong Yijie , Ban Yating , Zhong Ting , Guo Yijia , Tang Dongyan , Yu Runting , Liu Ke
Published: December 2024

Background

For improved health outcomes, children and adolescents with cancer must maintain physical activity. Individualized physical activity prescription is an effective way to promote physical activity in this group.

Objective

We reviewed and meta-analyzed evidence on the effectiveness of individualized physical activity prescriptions for improving physical activity and other health outcomes among children and adolescents with cancer.

Methods

Seven databases were searched from inception up to January 2024 for randomized controlled trials. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of studies using the Risk-of-Bias tool. Data were pooled into Review Manager 5.3 for data synthesis and subgroup analyses.

Results

Seventeen randomized controlled trials were included. The systematic review summarized the characteristics of recent interventions. Meta-analyses showed that although individualized physical activity prescriptions had no overall effect on physical activity (n = 8 studies), anthropometry and body composition (n = 5), functional capacity (n = 3), quality of life (n = 8), fatigue (n = 3), and self-efficacy (n = 5), they improved cardiovascular fitness (n = 8, P = .02) and muscle strength (n = 8, P = .04). Subgroup analyses showed that studies providing 6-month interventions (P = .003) or such interventions combined with motivational interviewing (P = .002) reported significantly increased physical activity in patients.

Conclusions

Individualized physical activity prescriptions appear to improve cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength in children and adolescents with cancer.

Implications for Practice

High-quality studies providing long-duration interventions and motivational interviewing are needed for optimal physical activity programs for children and adolescents with cancer. The application of electronic devices should increase the types of physical activities for this group to further improve health outcomes.
When It Really Counts
Authors: Anderson Ida , Grimley Karen , Miltner Rebecca
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

This program evaluation assessed the existing nursing workload acuity (NWA) tool embedded in the electronic health record at a large academic medical center in southern California.

METHODS

The NWA was evaluated using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The American Nurses Association's Principles for Nurse Staffing provided a conceptual framework with 5 core principles: healthcare consumer, interprofessional teams, workplace culture, practice environment, and evaluation.

RESULTS

Units met average staffing needs based on NWA 96% to 99% of the evaluation period. Statistical control charts revealed the shift-to-shift range of nurse staffing deficit to overage to be −2.0 to 2.2. Thematic analysis of charge nurse interviews revealed expertise in daily staffing decisions and knowledge deficits surrounding comprehensive nursing resource planning.

CONCLUSIONS

The tool provides valuable objective information that assists in both daily and annual nursing resource planning. A comprehensive evaluation of nursing resources should move beyond averages to include statistical control information to examine the nuances introduced by shift-to-shift staffing variances.
The Well-being Coaching Program
Authors: Dent Alisa , Sieg Diane , Munn Lindsay T. , Rose Robert , Swick Maureen
Published: December 2024

Healthcare workers globally grapple with escalating stress and burnout. This article explores the Well-being Coaching Program (WBCP), designed to boost healthcare worker well-being. The WBCP focuses on Self-leadership using the Compassion, Presence, and Recovery framework. Phases I and II assessments indicate promising, sustained enhancements in stress, engagement, burnout, self-leadership, and self-compassion. This study underscores the crucial role of shared responsibility and leadership support in cultivating a resilient healthcare workforce, ultimately benefiting patient care.
Atp6v0d2 deficiency partially restores defects in Mcoln1-deficient mouse corpus luteum
Authors: Li Yuehuan , El Zowalaty Ahmed E. , Hancock Jonathan Matthew , Wang Zidao , Martin Taylor Elijah , Zhan Tingjie , Wang Yingzheng , Andersen Christian Lee , Viswanathan Suvitha , Bromfield Jaymie , Atluri Venkata Abhigna , Kallish Karly Rae , Grismer Hope Nicole , Xiao Shuo , Ye Xiaoqin
Published: December 2024

Objective:

ATP6V0d2 is a subunit of the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) that pumps H+ ions into lysosomes. TRPML1 (MCOLN1/Mcoln1) transports cations out of lysosomes. Mcoln1
−/− mice recapitulate the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) phenotype. We previously demonstrated that Mcoln1
−/− female mice quickly became infertile at 5 months old (5M) with degenerating corpora lutea (CL) and progesterone (P4) deficiency. We tested our hypothesis that Atp6v0d2 deficiency could partially compensate for Mcoln1 deficiency to restore CL functions in Atp6v0d2
−/−
Mcoln1
−/− mice.

Methods:

Control and Atp6v0d2
−/−
Mcoln1
−/− female mice underwent fertility test from 2M to 7M old. A subset of them was dissected at 5M on day 3.5 post-coitum (D3.5). The D3.5 ovaries from 5M old control, Mcoln1
−/−, and Atp6v0d2
−/−
Mcoln1
−/− mice were evaluated for CL morphology, lipid droplet staining, and markers of mitochondria and P4 steroidogenesis in the luteal cells.

Results:

The fertility test of Atp6v0d2
−/−
Mcoln1
−/− female mice (2M–7M) revealed normal mating activity but reduced fertility compared with the control; yet ~25% of them remained fertile at 5–7M but with dystocia. We analyzed a subset of 11 Atp6v0d2
−/−
Mcoln1
−/− mice (5M old) in the fertility test on D3.5: three (27.3%) had normal P4 levels and all examined CL parameters, indicating fully restoration of CL function compare with Mcoln1
−/−; whereas eight had P4 deficiency, with two (18.2%) infertile and six (54.5%) once fertile. In contrast to Mcoln1
−/− CLs, which had extensive amorphous cellular debris, indicating cell degeneration, Atp6v0d2
−/−
Mcoln1
−/− CLs had reduced amorphous cellular debris regardless of P4 levels. However, similar to Mcoln1
−/− CLs, P4-deficient Atp6v0d2
−/−
Mcoln1
−/− CLs showed impaired differentiation, enlarged lipid droplets, disorganized expression of endothelial basal lamina marker collagen IV, and reduced expression of mitochondrial marker HSP60 and steroidogenesis rate-limiting protein StAR, indicating that additional Atp6v0d2 deficiency compensates for Mcoln1 deficiency-induced cell degeneration, but is insufficient to restore luteal cell differentiation and P4 steroidogenesis in P4-deficient Atp6v0d2
−/−
Mcoln1
−/− CLs.

Conclusion:

This study shows that Atp6v0d2
−/−
Mcoln1
−/− CLs had varied improvements compared with Mcoln1
−/− CLs, and it provides in vivo genetic evidence of the coordination between different lysosomal channels in CL function.
C5aR1+ Macrophages are Involved in the Progression of Endometriosis
Authors: Chen Xi , Zuo Wei-Wen , Zhang Guo-Dong , Xu Cong-Jian
Published: December 2024

Objective:

Immune dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. C5a, a by-product of complement activation, binds to its receptor (C5a receptor 1, C5aR1) in various cells, including macrophages. The combination of C5a and C5aR1 in macrophages induces M2 polarization. There is no consistent conclusion regarding macrophage polarization status and its participation in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Methods:

We analyzed the expression of C5aR1 and the immunophenotype of macrophages in samples from patients with endometriosis using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We tested the equivalent item in a mouse model and the THP-1 cell line in vivo and in vitro. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, GSE213216) was used to investigate the phenotype and function of C5aR1+ macrophages.

Results:

The infiltration of C5aR1+ macrophages were associated with the severity of endometriosis. C5aR1+ macrophages polarized more toward the M2 phenotype and transformed into an immunosuppressive state. Inhibiting C5aR1 using PMX-53 decreased the expression of C5aR1+ macrophages and reduced their polarization to the M2 phenotype, consequently shrinking lesion size in a mouse model.

Conclusion:

Our study emphasizes the importance of C5aR1 and the macrophage phenotype in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We propose PMX-53 as a potential therapeutic agent for endometriosis.
Retrobulbar Hematoma: Presentation, Management, and Visual Outcomes
Authors: Elghannam Magdi , Hassan Bashar A.﻿ , Shams Nawal , Merbs Shannath L. , Manson Paul N. , Grant Michael P.
Published: December 2024

Retrobulbar hematoma (RH) is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency that may cause permanent vision loss. Lateral canthotomy and cantholysis (LCC) is typically performed when IOP is elevated or vision is compromised. The authors describe the outcomes of the largest cohort of patients with RH to date. Patients who presented with acute facial trauma and RH to the R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center (2014–2022) were analyzed to describe their presentation, management, and visual outcomes. In 41 eyes (39 patients) with RH, the most common presenting ocular symptoms and signs were orbital pain [19 (46%)] and subconjunctival hemorrhage [33 (81%)], respectively. LCC was performed in half the cases (n=20). The median (IQR) intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly higher in the LCC group versus observation: 33 mm Hg (26–44) versus 18 mm Hg (15–21) (P=0.001). Compared with the observation group, patients treated by LCC were significantly more likely to have no light perception (NLP) vision [0 (0%) versus 6 (50%), P=0.004] and higher IOP [median [IQR] 16 mm Hg (15–21) versus 33 mm Hg (23–44), P=0.001] at presentation. Although 1 of the 6 NLP patients managed by LCC regained some vision, LCC was not associated with significantly different odds of restoration of normal vision [aOR (95% CI) 0.32 (0.04–2.98)]. Visual acuity (VA) at presentation was the only significant predictor of visual acuity after follow-up (B=0.64, P=0.016). LCC is indicated for elevated IOP, as it effectively reduces IOP and improves intraocular perfusion. VA at presentation is the most reliable predictor of VA on follow-up.
Technology-assisted Pain Management in Pediatric and Adolescent Burn Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Larasati Anjani , Widyani Ni Made Sarastri , Tania Felicitas
Published: December 2024

Objective:

Burn injuries are one of the leading causes of disability in the pediatric and adolescent population globally. Current practice in pediatric burn management uses opioid analgesics as acute pain management. Technology-assisted pain management, including the application of video games and virtual reality (VR), offers an attractive alternative that can be used to help alleviate pain and anxiety in pediatric and adolescent patients with burns. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to update and collate the most recent evidence on the effectiveness of said technologies in reducing pain and anxiety in pediatric and adolescent burn patients.

Methods:

The authors conducted a systematic search in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and ProQuest. Studies that applied any form of technology assistance and VR with participants 18 years or younger of age were included. Ten randomized controlled trials were included in the final analysis and were assessed with the primary outcome being the objective assessment of pain experienced by patients in said studies.

Results:

From the literature search conducted, 1224 articles were identified. Three reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. Out of 1224 articles, 42 were included for full-text screen and review, and 32 were then excluded because they did not satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nine randomized controlled trials and one quasi-experimental pilot study were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study demonstrate that VR and other forms of technological assistance are promising and effective in reducing pain in pediatric and adolescent patients with burns.
Comparison of different T cell assays for the retrospective determination of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Krishna Benjamin , Metaxaki Marina , Perera Marianne , Wills Mark , Sithole Nyarie
Published: December 2024

It is important to be able to retrospectively determine severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections with high accuracy, both for post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiological studies, and to distinguish between Long COVID and other multi-syndromic diseases that have overlapping symptoms. Although serum antibody levels can be measured to retrospectively diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infections, peptide stimulation of memory T cell responses is a more sensitive approach. This is because robust memory T cells are generated after SARS-CoV-2 infection and persist even after antibodies wane below detectability thresholds. In this study, we compare T cell responses using FluoroSpot-based methods and overnight stimulation of whole blood with SARS-CoV-2 peptides followed by an ELISA. Both approaches have comparable sensitivity and specificity but require different equipment and samples to be used. Furthermore, the elimination of peptides that cross-react with other coronaviruses increases the assay specificity but trades off some sensitivity. Finally, this approach can be used on archival, cryopreserved PBMCs. This work shows comparative advantages for several methods to measure SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses that could be utilized by any laboratory studying the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
DKC1-mediated pseudouridylation of rRNA targets hnRNP A1 to sustain IRES-dependent translation and ATF4-driven metabolic adaptation
Authors: Gupta Anamika , Bansal Mohit , Ding Jane , Pandit Madhuparna , Sudarshan Sunil , Ding Han-Fei
Published: December 2024

The pseudouridine synthase DKC1 regulates internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation and is upregulated in cancers by the MYC family of oncogenic transcription factors. We investigated the functional significance of DKC1 in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma and its underlying mechanisms. A key function of DKC1 is to promote an ATF4-mediated gene expression program for amino acid metabolism and stress adaptation. We identified hnRNP A1, an IRES trans-acting factor, as a critical downstream mediator of DKC1 in sustaining ATF4 expression and IRES-dependent translation. We found that DKC1-mediated pseudouridylation at two specific 28S rRNA sites is essential for maintaining hnRNP A1 protein expression. Moreover, hnRNP A1 interacts with and stabilizes ATF4 mRNA, significantly increasing the protein expression of the ATF4 V1 variant, which contains an IRES element in its mRNA. Additionally, we found that cellular stress induces hnRNP A1, which is required for ATF4 induction under such conditions. Collectively, our study reveals a MYC-activated DKC1-hnRNP A1 axis that drives ATF4-mediated metabolic adaptation, supporting cancer cell survival under metabolic stress during cancer development.
Quantifying the ∼75-95% of Peptides in DIA-MS Datasets that were not Previously Quantified
Authors: Saxena Gautam , Fu Qin , Binek Aleksandra , Van Eyk Jennifer E
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate an algorithm termed GoldenHaystack (GH) that, compared to the leading DIA-MS algorithm, (a) quantifies and identifies with better FDR accuracy the peptides found in FASTA search spaces (∼5-25% of analytes in DIA-MS datasets), (b) quantifies the remaining ∼75-95% of analytes that were previously unquantified, and (c) runs ∼40-200x faster (or ∼1-10x faster than the LC-MS). Specifically, without a FASTA or spectral library, GH can deconvolute and accurately quantify chimeric LC-MS spectra. The central idea that enables this claim is: for sufficiently sized projects (e.g., ≥ ∼50 LC-MS files), pairs of peptides that co-elute in one subset of LC-MS files do not exactly co-elute in a different subset of files. GH thus analyzes a project holistically: it usesmulti-partite matching to match fragment ions across all samples, separates and regroups the fragment ions into unique analyte signatures, reduces stochastic noise, and then quantifies those unique analyte signatures.
Targeting de novo lipogenesis improves gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hancock Sarah E , Garthwaite Linda , Harellis Konstantina , Susetio Michael , Ding Eileen , Choong Laura , Contreras Osvaldo , Nguyen Amy , Lising Josiah , Hansen Felicia KM , Wongsomboon Puttandon , Menzel Jan Philipp , Poad Berwyck LJ , Mitchell Todd W , Blanksby Stephen J , Turner Nigel
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with few treatment options and poor survivability. In this work we sought to characterise metabolic adaptions to gemcitabine (GEMC)-based chemotherapy exposure to discover new therapeutic targets for improving treatment efficacy. We show that GEMC resistance (GEMR) upregulates de novo lipogenesis in Panc1 and MiaPaCa2 cells through increased activity and expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). We also discovered alternate fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) activity in Panc1 cells, which led to the production of sapienic acid (FA 16:1n-10, cis) from palmitic acid (FA 16:0). Knockdown of key lipid synthesis enzymes sensitised cells to GEMC treatment, with FAS (both cell lines), SCD1 (MiaPaCa2 only) and SCD1+FADS2 (Panc1) knockdown showing the greatest reduction in cell growth when combined with GEMC treatment. In Panc1 cells, either desaturase upregulated its activity when the alternate was knocked down, necessitating the need for dual desaturase knockdown in this cell line. PDAC cells attenuated to grow in combination GEMC/paclitaxel (CombAT) also displayed enhanced de novo lipogenesis; however, combination chemotherapy significantly downregulated FADS2 expression and activity in Panc1 CombAT cells rendering them more sensitive to SCD1 knockdown. We conclude that co-targeting lipid synthesis in PDAC could be a viable strategy for improving the efficacy of both GEMC monotherapy and combination GEMC/PTX therapy.
Wave topology of stellar inertial oscillations
Authors: Leclerc Armand , Laibe Guillaume , Perez Nicolas
Published: December 2024

Inertial waves in convective regions of stars exhibit topological properties linked to a Chern number of 1. The first of these is a unique, unidirectional, prograde oscillation mode within the cavity, which propagates at arbitrarily low frequencies for moderate azimuthal wave numbers. The second are phase singularities around which the phase winds in Fourier space, with winding numbers ν=±1 depending on the hemisphere. Phase winding is a collective effect over waves propagating in all directions that is strongly robust to noise. This suggests a topology-based method for wave detection in noisy observational data.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum Control without Quantum States
Authors: Orozco-Ruiz Modesto , Le Nguyen H. , Mintert Florian
Published: December 2024

We show that combining ideas from the fields of quantum invariants and optimal control can be used to design optimal quantum control solutions without explicit reference to quantum states. The states are specified only implicitly in terms of operators to which they are eigenstates. The scaling in numerical effort of the resultant approach is not given by the typically exponentially growing effort required for the specification of a time-evolved quantum state, but it is given by the effort required for the specification of a time-evolved operator. For certain Hamiltonians, this effort can be polynomial in the system size. We describe how control problems for state preparation and the realization of propagators can be formulated in this approach, and we provide explicit control solutions for a spin chain with an extended Ising Hamiltonian. The states considered for state-preparation protocols include eigenstates of Hamiltonians with more than pairwise interactions and these Hamiltonians are also used for the definition of target propagators. The cost of describing suitable time-evolving operators grows only quadratically with the system size, allowing us to construct explicit control solutions for up to 50 spins. While subexponential scaling is obtained only in special cases, we provide several examples that demonstrate favorable scaling beyond the extended Ising model.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Co-crystal structure of Helicobacter pylori biotin protein ligase with biotinyl-5-ATP
Authors: Ayanlade Jesuferanmi P. , Davis Dylan E. , Subramanian Sandhya , Dranow David M. , Lorimer Donald D. , Hammerson Brad , Myler Peter J. , Asojo Oluwatoyin A.
Published: December 2024

Helicobacter pylori, a type 1 carcinogen that causes human gastric ulcers and cancer, is a priority target of the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID). These efforts include determining the structures of potential H. pylori therapeutic targets. Here, the purification, crystallization and X-ray structure of one such target, H. pylori biotin protein ligase (HpBPL), are reported. HpBPL catalyzes the activation of various biotin-dependent metabolic pathways, including fatty-acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis and amino-acid catabolism, and may facilitate the survival of H. pylori in the high-pH gastric mucosa. HpBPL is a prototypical bacterial biotin protein ligase, despite having less than 35% sequence identity to any reported structure in the Protein Data Bank. A biotinyl-5-ATP molecule sits in a well conserved cavity. HpBPL shares extensive tertiary-structural similarity with Mycobacterium tuberculosis biotin protein ligase (MtBPL), despite having less than 22% sequence identity. The active site of HpBPL is very similar to that of MtBPL and has the necessary residues to bind inhibitors developed for MtBPL.
Optimizing short food supply chains through understanding consumer preferences for organic foods via e-commerce platforms and last-mile logistics
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Sindhwani Rahul , Zhang Justin Zuopeng , Gaur Jighyasu
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper investigates the impact of last-mile logistics on consumers’ intentions when purchasing organic foods through e-commerce. By addressing challenges such as trust, pricing and supply chain issues, the study aims to demonstrate how sustainable delivery options can improve consumer perceptions of the long-term viability of organic foods. It examines how e-commerce platforms can mitigate these challenges, drawing on the “Stimulus-Organism-Response” model and the “Theory of Planned Behavior” to explore the cognitive processes that shape consumer decisions in the context of organic food purchases. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how last-mile logistics affect consumer behavior in online organic food shopping.

Design/methodology/approach

To validate the proposed model, survey data were collected from 412 respondents across 19 Indian states through both online and offline channels. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS version 4. The study also examines the mediating role of perceived trust in influencing consumers’ willingness to pay for organic food adoption.

Findings

The study reveals that environmental concerns, last-mile logistics and website response time are key factors in determining consumers’ willingness to pay for organic foods. Furthermore, the findings indicate that price fairness and health consciousness significantly influence consumers’ behavioral intentions to purchase organic foods online.

Social implications

The study emphasizes that consumer awareness campaigns are crucial for fostering green e-commerce adoption and achieving a sustainable future. It also underscores the potential of e-commerce platforms to address environmental and health concerns associated with organic food consumption.

Originality/value

This research highlights essential elements of organic food adoption that can increase consumer confidence, particularly through the role of last-mile logistics and e-commerce platforms. It underscores the importance of consumer awareness programs and education in promoting greener e-commerce practices, organic food adoption and a more sustainable future.
Is CSR a solution for crisis? Assessing the impact of three CSR dimensions on SME performance in the Nordic context
Authors: Kangas Emilia , Joensuu-Salo Sanna , Viljamaa Anmari
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship of corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions on the financial and nonfinancial performance of Finnish small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) amidst crises.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data was collected from 204 SME owner-managers in Finland during the COVID-19 pandemic using a purposive sampling technique, focusing on SMEs in South Ostrobothnia representing Finnish SMEs. The study tests the direct and indirect effects of CSR dimensions on both financial and nonfinancial performance during challenging times using linear regression analysis and path analysis with SEM.

Findings

The analysis reveals that CSR systems thinking competence positively affects financial performance but does not significantly impact nonfinancial performance. On the other hand, community social responsibility and socially responsible human resource management positively influence nonfinancial performance and have an indirect effect on financial performance.

Originality/value

This research underscores the beneficial performance outcomes of SME engagement in CSR during challenging times, emphasizing the enduring value of investing in employees. It highlights that despite industry performance affecting financial outcomes, CSR systems thinking competence contributes to financial performance and community social responsibility and socially responsible human resource management maintain a positive association with nonfinancial performance. Furthermore, this study enriches the existing literature on the CSR-SME performance relationship by exploring its effects within the unique context of a Nordic welfare society facing a crisis.
The development and validation of the Individual Knowledge Worker Proactivity Scale – an example from the Business Services Sector
Authors: Rogozińska-Pawełczyk Anna , Wiktorowicz Justyna
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Proactivity is a multidimensional construct, influenced by many variables. The purpose of this paper is to develop a standardised, psychometrically robust tool for the emerging construct of knowledge worker proactivity.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a systematic framework to design a survey questionnaire as a reference point (i.e. creating items, item reduction and scale evaluation), this article discusses the development and validation of an instrument that can be used to measure individual knowledge worker proactivity. Analysis was based on data from the random (calibration) sample of 500 non-managers and 500 managers employed in the Business Services Sector (BSS) (piloting sample: 256 employees, validating sample: 155 employees and managers). Statistical analysis was conducted using especially confirmatory and exploratory analysis, reliability and validity measures, structural modelling.

Findings

The analysis confirms that the three-dimensional proactivity model can be successfully applied to BSS. All important fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis model showed a good fit, and the model proposed for knowledge worker proactivity has appropriate validity.

Research limitations/implications

The results suggest that the proposed Individual Knowledge Worker Proactivity (IKWP) Scale is internally reliable and valid in the sense that it is conceptually and empirically correlated with proactive work behaviours, proactive strategic behaviours and proactive person–environment fit behaviour constructs.

Originality/value

A comprehensive and BSS-specific scale has been created to assess the proactive behaviour of knowledge workers and their managers. This opens the way for the instrument to be used in practice, e.g. by talent or employee teams to work more effectively on new innovative solutions or by top management as a support for key decisions within the organisation.
Optimizing supplier selection for prefabricated components: a comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Lin Chengxin , Chen Jieyi , Feng Chao , Li Xiaojuan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Prefabricated building has emerged as a hallmark of modern construction industrialization and a pivotal driver of industrial upgrading. In this new building type, the supply of high-quality prefabricated components plays a crucial role in ensuring project quality, cost-effectiveness and on-time completion. Consequently, selecting the optimum suppliers for these components is vital. This study provides valuable insights for construction enterprises, guiding them in the optimal selection of prefabricated component suppliers and thereby contributing to the sustainable development of the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The entropy weight method is used to integrate and rank 19 commonly used evaluation indices, forming a supplier evaluation system from the enterprises perspective. Subsequently, the VIKOR multi-attribute decision model, combined with a comprehensive evaluation method based on cloud modeling, is applied to identify the most suitable suppliers through case study.

Findings

The findings emphasized that product quality, particularly the component compliance rate, is paramount in supplier selection. Additionally, companies should prioritize cost management and fundamental supplier capabilities, such as transportation efficiency and operational flexibility, while fostering strong partnerships with high-quality suppliers. Furthermore, all stakeholders need to enhance the supply chain’s responsiveness and adaptability, ensuring these improvements are achieved without strict cost controls.

Originality/value

This study minimizes the influence of subjective biases from decision-makers’ by integrating quantitative and qualitative analysis methods, thereby enhancing the comprehensiveness and accuracy of evaluations. By effectively addressing the fuzziness and uncertainty inherent in evaluation data, it establishes a robust system for selecting prefabricated building suppliers. This approach offers reliable and practical decision support, providing theoretical backing for enterprises in choosing prefabricated component suppliers and promoting the sustainable development of the prefabricated construction industry.
Role incongruity and prejudice: barriers in Malay Muslim women managers’ career experiences
Authors: Rossenkhan Zubeida , Au Wee Chan , Ahmed Pervaiz Khalid
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The study aims to explore the career experiences of Malay Muslim women (MMW) managers in Malaysia. By applying an intersectionality lens to the role congruity theory of prejudice, we seek to uncover how the interaction of multiple identities influences the career experiences of MMW.

Design/methodology/approach

In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 MMW in managerial positions probing their career experiences and progress.

Findings

Our findings demonstrate how role incongruities are experienced from multiple intersecting identities, namely ethnicity (Malay), religion (Muslim), gender (woman) and work (manager), which results in unique experiences of prejudice. Most importantly, analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that MMW experience prejudice differently in Malay majority (in-group) and non-Malay majority (out-group) work contexts. Thus, our findings are presented based on these two work contexts. In sum, these findings shed light on the prevailing career blocks of women in management in a developing context.

Practical implications

Our work has theoretical and practical implications for scholars and practitioners on diversity management in understanding the myriads of challenges women experience in their careers. The paper provides a complex account of how intersecting identities, workplace contexts and macro contexts significantly contribute to a unique experience of prejudice hindering women’s progress.

Originality/value

Our findings evidence the value of intersectionality and contextual considerations when understanding the nature of role incongruities and prejudice as a socially constructed process. We also illustrate the value of considering workplace contexts to provide a more fine-grained understanding of Muslim women’s career experiences.
Validation of a job satisfaction scale for predicting employee churn in commercial airlines in Portugal
Authors: Pimenta de Brito António , Palma-Moreira Ana , Sousa Maria José
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to validate a job satisfaction scale that can predict employee churn for Portuguese commercial airline companies.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 369 subjects voluntarily participated in this study, all of whom worked for commercial air transport companies. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test the instrument.

Findings

The results of the psychometric qualities of this instrument indicate that it can be used in future empirical studies. This instrument assesses various dimensions of job satisfaction: leadership, safety, work/life balance, career and pay.

Research limitations/implications

One of the limitations of this study is the small sample size and the data collection process. Another limitation is that the questionnaire is self-administered and consists of closed questions.

Practical implications

This turnover, satisfaction and performance assessment can be critical, especially when companies struggle with high employee turnover like aviation companies. Aviation professionals are a very skilled profession, with high qualification costs.

Social implications

By providing a reliable tool to measure and improve job satisfaction, the research can help reduce employee turnover, leading to more stable employment in the airline industry in Portugal and other countries.

Originality/value

By presenting a validated job satisfaction scale tailored for predicting employee churn specifically within Portuguese commercial aviation companies. This concern benefits employees’ mental health, job security and enhances service quality for passengers.
Instrument development and psychometric testing of the maternity servicescape using user-generated content
Authors: Batra Manik , Rahman Obaidur , Tickoo Yuganshu S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Drawing on trait activation theory, this study aims to develop a servicescape assessment scale, MATSCAPE, specifically designed for Indian maternity hospitals to reflect the unique psychographic characteristics and expectations of Indian consumers. Trait activation theory posits that individuals’ traits are activated by specific environmental cues, making it particularly relevant in examining how the servicescape of maternity hospitals influences customer perceptions of service quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses text analytics (TF-IDF) to analyse customer-generated data to identify factors measuring maternity hospital servicescape (MATSCAPE). The factors were further validated using structural equation modeling on R studio (SEMinR) for scale development.

Findings

The results show that the MATSCAPE scale consists of two primary components: physical and social servicescape. The physical servicescape has five subdimensions, whereas the social servicescape consists of one. Each dimension highlights specific environmental cues that activate customer expectations, aligning with trait activation theory.

Practical implications

The MATSCAPE model provides a tailored framework that maternity hospitals in India can use to improve the servicescape, focusing on both physical and social dimensions to align with customer expectations and drive satisfaction.

Originality/value

Through the application of trait activation theory and analysis of customer feedback from digital health portals, this study provides a culturally tailored framework to improve maternity services in India. This approach uniquely addresses how specific servicescape elements trigger customer expectations and satisfaction in the maternity healthcare context.
E-governance and sustainable human development in Asia: a dynamic institutional path perspective
Authors: Roxas Banjo
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study demonstrates the necessary and significant role of national formal institutional frameworks in shaping the quality of e-governance in Asian countries. Moreover, it presents a robust model of e-governance as a necessary and significant driver of sustainable human development.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applied the cross-lagged panel method in path modelling and conducted competing model and necessary condition analyses to test the lagged, necessary and positive effects of formal institutions on the level of e-governance and sustainable human development in 45 Asian countries from 2012 to 2022.

Findings

Formal governance institutions have necessary direct and indirect (through e-governance development) causal effects on a country’s sustainable human development.

Research limitations/implications

Future studies should explore how informal institutions such as culture, industry and government norms and practices shape the extent of e-governance development and sustainable socio-economic development in Asia and beyond over time.

Practical implications

A renewed focus on the institutional fundamentals of governance and development should be the legislative priority of policymakers and leaders of Asian countries.

Social implications

Proactive digital citizen engagement in institutional building in respective countries is critical to developing sound, human-development-centred institutional governance in Asia.

Originality/value

The study presents robust necessary condition models that offer more nuanced explanations of the institutional imperatives of enabling Asian countries to strengthen their e-governance towards sustainable human development.