bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of strategic leadership on achieving organizational excellence - A Field Study on the Ministry of Commerce and Investment in the Governorate of Jeddah -: أثر القيادة الاستراتيجية على تحقيق التميز التنظيمي - دراسة ميدانية على وزارة التجارة والاستثمار بمحافظة جدة –
Authors: Rasha Rashad Samaraddin, Suzan Mohammed Alqurashi
Published: May 2021

This study aims to identify and recognize the effect of strategic leadership in its dimensions namely (strategic trend, human capital, organization culture, and organizational control) over achievement of organizational excellence in the Ministry of Commerce and Investment, Jeddah. It further aims to verify whether there are statistically indicated differences among the responses provided by members of the sample group over the strategic leadership and organizational excellence in the Ministry of Commerce and Investment in Jeddah; and whether such could be attributed to personal and occupational variables such as the following: (gender, age, education, years of experience and job title). To this aim, the researcher has employed the descriptive analytical approach. In addition, the study had a questionnaire together with interviews as tools to collect data. Community of the study was composed of (200) employees of both genders. A simple sample group composed of (132) members was selected. Collected data were statistically processed through the SPSS. The study concluded a number of important findings. Following are among of these findings: Strategic leadership in the Ministry of Commerce and Investment, Jeddah, has achieved high levels, The arithmetic mean stood at (3.81), the Ministry has managed to achieve high levels in terms of organizational excellence where the arithmetic mean has reached (3.75). The study has further revealed statistically indicated reference at the indication level of (ɑ ≤ 0.05) for the strategic leadership with its dimensions incorporated in (Strategic Trend, Human Capital, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Control). All are combined to achieve organizational excellence in the Ministry. On another hand, the study revealed absence of any statistically indicated differences at the indication level of (ɑ ≤ 0.05) between the responses of participants over strategic leadership and organizational excellence in the Ministry that would be attributed to the following personal and occupational variables: (gender, age, education, years of experience, and job title). Eventually, the study concluded a number of significant recommendations as follows: Strategic Leadership shall be urged to analyze the internal and external milieu in order to identify the points of strength and weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT Analysis) likely to encounter the Ministry. The study further recommended a special system be put in force to recruit human cadres into the Ministry so as to appoint high caliber employees.
Predicting the exchange rate in Sudan using neural networks models during the period (1960 - 2017): التنبؤ بسعر الصرف في السودان باستخدام نماذج الشبكات العصبية خلال الفترة (1960م – 2017م)
Authors: Fathi Ahmed Ali Adam, Mahmoud Mohamed Abdel Aziz Gamal El-Di
Published: May 2021

The study examined the use of artificial neural network models to predict the exchange rate in Sudan through annual exchange rate data between the US dollar and the Sudanese pound. This study aimed to formulate the models of artificial neural networks in which the exchange rate can be predicted in the coming period. The importance of the study is that it is necessary to use modern models to predict instead of other classical models. The study hypothesized that the models of artificial neural networks have a high ability to predict the exchange rate. Use models of artificial neural networks. The most important results ability of artificial neural networks models to predict the exchange rate accurately, Form MLP (1-1-1) is the best model chosen for that purpose. The study recommended the development of the proposed model for long-term forecasting.
Management by Walking Around as an Approach to Improving Organizational Excellence in Media Institutions: الإدارة بالتجوال كمدخل لتحسين التميّز المؤسسي في المؤسسات الإعلامية
Authors: Omar Durrah, Mohammed Osman Eltigani, Moaz Gharib, Souzan Ha
Published: May 2021

The current study investigates the extent of the contribution of five facets of management by walking around (MBWA) — discovering facts, communication, motivation, creativity, and feedback — to improving organizational excellence in media institutions in the Sultanate of Oman. Especially as these institutions suffer from a lack of communication and interaction between their management and their employees. The descriptive analytical approach was used in this study. Using a simple random sampling technique, data were collected using a questionnaire from 260 respondents working as administrative staff in three media institutions: The Directorate General of Media, the Omani News Office in Dhofar Governorate, and the General Authority for Radio and Television. To test the study hypotheses, the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by AMOS software. The results revealed that, of the five facets investigated, three dimensions of MBWA (namely discovering facts, communication, and feedback) have a positive and significant impact on organizational excellence, while motivation and creativity do not appear to affect organizational excellence. This study, therefore recommends working to create a supportive environment for applying MBWA in media institutions and educating managers in these media institutions on the importance of MBWA through workshops, training courses, and conferences to reach excellence in these institutions.
The impact of the objectives of Arabic language learners as a second language and their involvement in the learning engagement on their language proficiency- field study on two Malaysian universities – Malaysia: علاقة الدافعية بتحسين الكفايات اللغوية لمتعلمي اللغة العربية كلغةٍ ثانيةٍ وانخراطهم في العملية التعلمية - دراسة ميدانية على طلبة جامعتي العلوم الإسلامية الماليزية والإسلامية العالمية الماليزيتين-
Authors: Mikail Ibrahim, Zainalabidin Hajib, Yuslina Mohammad, Essamo
Published: May 2021

This research aims to study the correlative relationships between the orientation towards the goal and engage in the learning process, and their relationship to the acquisition of Arabic language skills as a second language between students of the University of Islamic Science Malaysia and International Islamic University Malaysia. The study followed the correlative approach. The questionnaire consisted of a questionnaire that was distributed to a random stratified sample. The study population consisted of students from the University of Islamic Sciences Malaysia and the International Islamic University Malaysia. It reached 451 students (males = 170, females = 281). The researchers used the typical structural equation for statistical treatments. The result of the analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the goal of empowerment, the goal of performance on the one hand, and linguistic competence on the other. While the negative relationship between avoiding schoolwork and language competence. The study also revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between engaging in the learning process mentally, behaviorally, emotionally and linguistic competence, and the behavioral involvement factor obtained the strongest relationship in determining the fate of the language learning process. Finally, the analysis showed that females are more capable than males. In light of the results, the current study recommended the application of such studies in some countries where Arabic is considered a second language to ensure the validity and consistency of the scale, and the possibility of generalizing it. Developing the skills of Arabic language teachers through training workshops and introducing them to modern teaching methods in teaching the Arabic language.
THE IMPACT OF AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM THAT USES SMARTPHONE APPS TO ENHANCE THE SKILL OF MEMORIZING THE HOLY QURAN BY FEMALE STUDENTS (ADULTS) IN THE HOLY QURAN SCHOOL IN THE EAST OF RIYADH: أثر برنامج تعليمي يوظّف الأجهزة الذكية في تعزيز مهارة حفظ المتعلمات الكبيرات بدار القرآن الكريم شرق مدينة الرياض
Authors: Daniah Abdulaziz Al-abbasi, Mshael Abdulrahman Al-lefan
Published: May 2021

This study is designed to identify the impact of an educational program that uses smartphone apps for learning the Holy Quran by female students (adults) and measure their satisfaction compared to the conventional method of learning. The Quasi-experimental approach was used. The sample of the study consisted of 31 female students (adults,18-50 years old) in the Holy Quran School in the east of Riyadh for the first semester of the scholar year 1439/1440 AH. The participants were selected deliberately. The first group (the control group) consisted of (14) female students and the second group (the experimental group) consisted of (17) female students according to the method of the designed program. Oral testing was used as a key tool for data collection, while the questionnaire was used as a further tool of the study to identify the satisfaction of students. The results of the study showed that the experimental group scored (32.73), while the control group scored (26.53). The difference was statistically significant at 0.05 and less in the oral testing in favor of the experimental group. The educational program met a high percentage of students' satisfaction, where the average of questionnaire tool reached 4.41 out of 5. At the level of the topics, the "performance level" reached the highest average (4.48), followed by "the level of meeting user's expectations" with an average of 4.47, and finally the "Students' attitudes towards the use of smartphone apps in the learning the Holy Quran" with an average of 4.26. In the light of the results, a set of recommendations and proposals were suggested to promote smartphone apps in the memorization of the Holy Quran.
Educational competencies of male and female teachers of physical education in, Northwestern Badia Directorate of Education: الكفايات التعليمية لمعلمي ومعلمات التربية الرياضية في تربية البادية الشمالية الغربية
Authors: Habis Ghazi Albarri
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the educational competencies of male and female teachers of physical education in the northwestern Badia. The study sample consisted of (87) male and female teachers. The researcher used the descriptive approach to its suitability for the study. For educational competencies, the results showed that the degree of male and female teachers' acquisition of educational competencies was medium with an average of (3.22), according to the following order: implementation competencies with an average of (3.38), teaching strategies competencies with an average of (3.27), evaluation competencies with an average of (3.24), Planning arithmetic mean suspicious deaths (3.12). The results also showed statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) between the arithmetic averages from the point of view of male and female teachers due to the variable of years of experience and for the benefit of the longest experience, and in light of the results the researcher recommended a set of recommendations, most notably: Holding training courses for teachers that would be interested in preparing them In practice, they possess the necessary skills to teach physical education curricula.
A proposal to include human rights principles Arabic language curriculum - A survey- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: تصور مقترح لتضمين مبادئ حقوق الإنسان في مقررات اللغة العربية بالمملكة العربية السعودية - دراسة مسحية -
Authors: Ibrahim Abdulrahim Alghamdi
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the degree to which Arabic curriculum in Saudi Arabia include the most prominent principles of human rights and the nature of that inclusion, and then to build a proposed conception to include the principles of human rights appropriate to you at one of the three stages of primary, middle and secondary. The study followed the descriptive approach using the method of content analysis, and the study reached one of the most prominent findings: The inclusion of the principles of human rights in the curriculum was found to be weak in the overall range. The findings also showed that the decisions balanced somewhat between explicit and implicit rights. Each of the key fields also varied, as the first field: civil and political rights came ahead by a wide margin at the expense of other economic, social, developmental and environmental rights. Finally, the study suggested in light of its findings a vision for the development of the Arabic language curriculum in Saudi Arabia in the light of human rights.
The effectiveness of the academic self and its relationship to the trend towards e-learning among Palestinian university students in light of the Corona pandemic: فاعلية الذات الأكاديمية وعلاقتها بالاتجاه نحو التعليم الإلكتروني لدى طلبة الجامعات الفلسطينية في ظل جائحة كورونا
Authors: Eyad Samer Al- Shorbagi  , Eyad Samer Al- Shorbagi
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the level of effectiveness of the academic self and the level of trend towards e-learning among university students in light of the Corona pandemic in light of some variables. Academic Self Effectiveness Prepared by Kulab (2019), And the measure of the trend towards e- learning was prepared by Al- Sharif (2016), and the study found that the effectiveness of the academic self among the members of the study sample was average in general, with an arithmetic average (3.09) and a percentage (62%), and that the students ’attitudes towards e- learning were high and with an arithmetic average (3.50) and as a percentage (70%) The results also revealed the existence of a positive statistically significant correlational relationship between the academic self- effectiveness of Palestinian university students and their attitudes towards e- learning, and the results also showed that there are no differences in the effectiveness of the academic self among Palestinian university students and their attitudes towards using e- learning due to the variable of gender and university The study recommended that universities should pay attention to introducing e- learning in university education, and to spread electronic culture among students, the bodies responsible for preparing curricula by strengthening the set of beliefs related to academic self- efficacy, which in turn contribute to maintaining a level of positive motivation towards study in general.
The role of an activity-based program in the development of the Egyptian child's identity in kindergartens
Authors: Dalia Mostafa El Sayed El Gebaly
Published: May 2021

The objective of the present research is to investigate the role of an activity-based program; its contribution to the stereotyping of the child of an Egyptian kindergarten. The study used the experimental method for one sample and the design of 14 sessions to implement child identity profiling activities. The researcher also prepared a standardized test of the child's picture of the kindergarten child. After analyzing the results using the T test for one sample, the results showed the effect of the program on the sample. (5.3); this confirms the significant role of the activities in increasing the level of the child's output; in the programs of national identity, and the research recommended the importance of developing the curriculum of the Riyad Children integrate activities whose aim is stereotyping The identity of the kindergarten child.
The Role of Student Counseling in Developing Role Model Perception for Female Students in Jeddah Province Education Schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: دور الإرشاد الطلابي في تنمية التصور عن مفهوم القدوة لدى طالبات التعليم العام بمحافظة جدة في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: Sara Abdullah Al- Turkistani, Hadeel Abdulah Akram
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify the role of student counseling in developing role model perception for female students in Jeddah Province education schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and their concept of role model, and whether there were statistically significant differences about the role of student counseling in the development role model concept among students according to variables as education grade, education type and specialization. The number of participants in the study was (202) girl's students in both secondary and high school in Jeddah. The researcher prepared measures of role model according to the ideal role model that was prepared by Ghanim (2001), and the measure of the role of student counseling in the development of perception of role model. The results of the present study showed a positive relationship between the role of student counseling and the development of the concept of role model among the students. There were also statistically significant differences in the role of student counseling in development of perception about the role model among general education students according to grade of education (third preparatory versus third secondary grade), Meanwhile, there were insignificance difference according to type of education (governmental- civil) and variable specialization (scientific- literary).
Leadership Styles for Leaders of Governmental Primary Schools and its Relationship with Effective Communication from Female Teachers' standpoint in Jeddah Governorate: الأنماط القيادية لقائدات المدارس الابتدائية الحكومية وعلاقتها بالتواصل الفعال من وجهة نظر المعلمات في محافظة جدة
Authors: Wafa Omar Ahmed Alghamdi, Muna Khalid Karim, Dalal Omar Al-A
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the relationship between leadership styles of government primary school leaders in Jeddah Governorate and its relationship with effective communication from the point of view of female teachers. A quantitative, descriptive, analytical approach and questionnaire were used as a study tool, distributed to a sample of (706) female teachers. The result of the study came as follows: The overall instrument obtained an average (3.71 out of 5), with a degree of approval (large) and at the level of styles, the (participatory) democratic styles obtained the highest average (4.03), followed by the autocratic (dictatorial) styles with an average of (3.78), both of which with a degree of practice (large), and finally the chaotic (permissive) style; Average (3.32) and degree of practice (medium). As for the styles of communication, Oral communication obtained the highest average (3.75 out of 5), followed by styles of communication through symbols, movements, and expressions with an average of (3.41), both with a degree of practice (large). It was also shown that there were no statistically significant differences between answers according to the variable of academic qualification, while I found that according to the variable of years of experience (more than 20 years) the average arithmetic higher than other categories of experience. Finally, the correlation coefficients between its were equal (0.814), which is a high positive value and statistically significant function. Based on the results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, including: The necessity from the Ministry of Education to strengthening the practice of democratic (participatory) style in general education schools, and organizing more training courses and workshops to develop the skills of leaders in The field of participatory leadership, providing more opportunities for female teachers to express opinions and advice, such as participation in developing curricula and the school environment.
Emotional Intelligence Level and its Relationship with Managerial Creativity among Ta'if City School Principals: مستوى الذكاء الانفعالي وعلاقته بالإبداع الإداري لدى مديري المدارس في مدينة الطائف
Authors: Daifullah Saeed Al- Zahrany
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the degree of emotional intelligence among the principals of schools in Al- Taif, and to identify the degree of administrative creativity from the point of view of their teachers, and to reveal the extent of existence of a correlation between the level of emotional intelligence and administrative creativity.The researcher used the descriptive approach, and used the Wakeman questionnaire for emotional intelligence, and a questionnaire to measure the administrative creativity designed and ensured (validity andreliability) by the researcher. The study sample consisted of (40) principals and (400) teachers.The results of the study showed that the positive percentages of emotional intelligence for school principals ranged from 100% to 52.5% and negative percentages ranged from 15% to 82.5%. And the mean of the total score of the non- cognitive self- management dimension was (3.10) and the mean of the total score of the dimension of social prowess was (3.90). The results of the study showed that the overall mean for estimating the degree of practicing administrative creativity was (3.51) to a large degree, with a standard deviation (0.74).The Pearson correlation coefficient between the dimension of non- cognitive self- management on the emotional intelligence scale of principals and the total average grade of teachers' appreciation for administrative creativity of managers was (0.84) with a statistically significant value at the significance level (0.01) as well as the correlation coefficient of the dimension of social prowess and total administrative creativity (0.81), and it is a statistically significant at significance level (0.01). In light of the results, the researcher recommended the importance of training school administrators on the skills of administrative creativity and creative leadership through enhancing the skills of fluency and sensitivity to problems, flexibility and originality because of the correlation revealed by the study by the indicators and manifestations of emotional intelligence through the dimensions of self- management non- cognitive and social prowess.
Challenges facing human resources management in applying modern concepts of human resources management – An applied study on private hospitals in Khamis Mushait –: التحديات التي تواجه إدارة الموارد البشرية في تطبيق المفاهيم الحديثة لإدارة الموارد البشرية - دراسة تطبيقية على المستشفيات الخاصة بخميس مشيط –
Authors: Bader Yahya Alshahrani, Adullah Ali Alammar
Published: May 2021

A study entitled the challenges facing human resource management in applying the modern concepts of human resources management by applying to the hospitals in Khamis Mushait. This study aims to identify the challenges facing human resource management in applying modern concepts of human resources management. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, of the nature of the study, while the questionnaire was used as a main tool for data collection. The study population is from the private hospitals in Khamis Mushait. The sample of the study was 91 workers. The study reached a set of results. Maha: The challenges of the external environment are the most influential in the application of modern concepts of human resources management in the hospitals of Khamis Mushait, while the application of modern concepts of human resources management in private hospitals in Khamis Mushait medium degree with a relative weight (65.80%). The results showed no differences Statistical significance among the opinions of hospital staff in Khamis Mushait on their appreciation of the challenges facing human resource management in applying the modern concepts of human resources management due to the gender variable and the variable age, the variable of scientific qualification and the variable years of service. To study the need to apply modern concepts of human resources management as an essential part of the culture of the institution, and to create a permanent relationship between management and employees to promote the application of modern concepts of human resources management, and attention to continuous training to develop the skills of staff and develop their abilities to achieve development of the hospital.
The role of field education officials in the acquisition of teachers of the competencies of teaching science from the viewpoint of students trained in the Faculty of Education; in Shaqra University in Afif: دور مسؤولي التربية الميدانية في اكتساب الطلبة المعلمين لكفايات تدريس العلوم من وجهة نظر الطلبة المتدربين بكلية التربية؛ في جامعة شقراء بعفيف
Authors: Daidan Nasser Al-Otaibi
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the role of field education officials (college supervisor, school principal, and collaborating teacher) - the importance and practice of - in students ’teachers acquiring the necessary competencies to teach science. And to identify the problems facing students, from the viewpoint of student teachers in the disciplines of natural sciences, at the Faculty of Education at Shaqra University in Afif, and to achieve the goals of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach; the tool was a questionnaire that was applied to the entire study population, which was (60) students. The results showed the following: The overall role obtained a total average of (3.36 out of 5) with an important / high verbal grade, and at the level of the two main aspects, the importance aspect obtained a general average (3.43) with a verbal grade (very important), while the degree of practice aspect got an average (3.28) with a grade of (high) and at the level of fields; the practices of the school principals were the most important among field education officials, and the college supervisor was the best practicing of his roles. And that the most important problems facing the student teacher with regard to the college supervisor is the lack of attendance of the classes that the student performs in the school of application. Based on the results of the study, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, including: the necessity of identifying the largest possible number of distinguished schools for field training for students in science teachers; coordination and joint work to clarify the roles of each authority related to field education; and finding appropriate solutions to the problems facing students / teachers. The researcher has suggested a number of studies that can contribute to the advancement of field education in science education.
The impact of using the Open Class model in developing the communication skills and imagination of the fourth grade students in the social and national education curriculum in Jordan: أثر استخدام نموذج الصف المفتوح في تنمية مهارات التواصل والتخيّل لدى طالبات الصف الرابع الأساسي في مقرر التربية الاجتماعية والوطنية في الأردن
Authors: Dania Ali Mahmoud Al-Tous, Odeh Abdel-Gawad Abu Sneineh
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to measure the effect of the use of the open class model in the development of communication skills and imagination among the fourth grade students in the social and national education curriculum in Jordan. The semi-experimental approach of the two groups was used with two pre-test and two tests. The first two tools were developed to measure the development of communication skills and the second to measure the development of visualization skills. Was applied to the sample of the study, which consisted of two randomly selected sections of the fourth grade students at Atekha bint Abd al-Muttalib school in the 2018/2017 academic year. The number of female students in Division (A) included (45) (B) and the number of female students (45) control group. The study found a statistically significant difference between the arithmetical averages of the female students in both groups (experimental and control) on the communication skills development test. Experimental. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the female students in both groups (experimental and control) on the test of the development of imagination skills, where the experiment obtained a general average (21.78), while the control obtained an average of 21.53). In light of these results, several recommendations have been formulated, the most important of which are the holding of training workshops by educational supervisors to increase attention to teaching models, which contribute to the positive impact in making students the center of the educational process through their active participation in discussion and inquiry and propose solutions and work on using the open class model in teaching education Social, national and other approaches.
Impact of Organizational Justice on Organizational Commitment: The Intermediate Role of Emotional Intelligence in Jordanian Telecom Companies: أثر العدالة التنظيمية على الالتزام التنظيمي: الدور الوسيط للذكاء العاطفي في شركات الاتصالات الأردنية
Authors: Laith Ibrahim Alzawahreh, Ghassan Issa Al Omari
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is measuring the impact of organizational justice on the organizational commitment: The intermediate role emotional intelligence at the Jordanian communication companies. The sample of the study consisted of (320) employees. The study adopted the descriptive analytical method. In order to collect and analyze data, the survey study tool was distributed. The study reached at several results as follows Jordanian telecom operators apply regulatory justice, organizational commitment, and emotional intelligence to a high degree. The study recommended Jordanian Telecom companies should enhance the organizational justice since it plays an active role in shaping the employees’ positive behaviors and reduce their negative behaviors Jordanian Telecom companies should recognize the importance of organizational commitment of employees because if its role in creating a job stability.
The role of academic leaders in activating the social participation in the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University: دور القيادات الأكاديمية في تفعيل المشاركة المجتمعية في جامعة الإمام عبد الرحمن بن فيصل
Authors: Esra'a Jassim Hamad Al-Ghunaim,  Ahmed Suleiman Mohammed Ban
Published: May 2021

This study aims to uncover the role of academic leaders in activating the social participation in the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and is conducted from the student's point of view and to identify the significance of differences according to varying criteria (gender, academic track, and the level of study.(To achieve this, the researcher used the descriptive, analytical approach and constructed the questionnaire as a data collection tool. The questionnaire was composed of (50) items covering five domains: (Partnerships with families, Community service, Community resource development, Volunteering, Public relations and communication within communities). The study involved the entire student population consisting of both male and female students attending the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Of approximately (36,820) students, a random sample of (1841) students was generated and represent 5%, and the data was processed statistically by SPSS. The study reached several results, the most significant of which are: • Members of the sample study rated the role of academic leaders in activating community participation with a low level in all fields of study. 2.There are statistically significant differences between the views of the sample study in all areas due to gender variables favoring females. There are also differences according to the academic track which favors the scientific colleges. In light of the results, the researcher advises the following recommendations: - Initiate organizing field visits by students to schools, companies, associations and medical centers. Arranging tours to the directors of some companies and institutions of the university may play a vital role in supporting different disciplines respective to their nature. - Issue regulations for voluntary community work at the university supported by a list of cooperating and related authorities, incentives, violations, and penalties.
Comment on the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat to use nuclear weapons in 1996: التعليق على فتوى محكمة العدل الدولية في مدى مشروعية التهديد باستخدام الأسلحة النووية عام 1996م
Authors: Esam Elden Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

The International Court of Justice had the opportunity to establish the principles of international humanitarian law and restrict the use or threat of nuclear weapons, on the occasion of its fatwa, on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons at the request of the United Nations General Assembly, after realizing that the continued development of nuclear weapons exposes humanity to great risks, and its request It states, "Is the threat or use of nuclear weapons in any circumstance permissible under the rules of international law" (Atalm, 1996), (Shahab, 2000), Therefore, the comment seeks to answer the question: What is the legality of possession, production and development of nuclear weapons? What is the extent of the legality of the threat to use it in light of the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice in this regard? Was the decision of the International Court of Justice in favor of documenting the principles of international humanitarian law and international human rights law? Or was it biased in its decision to the interests of a particular class itself? The researcher used in that descriptive, descriptive and critical analytical method, and the results that lead to criticism of the work of the International Court of Justice in this regard were reached on the premise that they tended towards tipping the political nature of the issue presented to it under the pressures and directions of the major nuclear states and this strengthens my criticism to the United Nations that I see It only works for the benefit of the major powers under the auspices of the Security Council by veto (right to veto) at a time when the Security Council itself is responsible for maintaining international peace and security, just as it can be said that the United Nations does not work for the benefit of mankind but works for the five major countries Even with regard to nuclear weapons Regardless of whether or not there was a threat to international peace and security. From this standpoint, the researcher reached several recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of the independence of the International Court of Justice in its work from the political considerations of member states, especially the major countries, as a step to establish and support international peace and security in a practical way in practice. The United Nations should also reconsider what is known as a veto, which is and it is rightly one of the most important and most important measures that truly threaten international peace and security.
Psychological Alienation and its Relationship to Psychological Security among a master's Students at Taif University: الاغتراب النفسي وعلاقته بالأمن النفسي لدى طلبة مرحلة الماجستير بجامعة الطائف
Authors: Samirah Ghafil Alazmi
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the feelings of psychological alienation among master's students at Taif University and identify the levels of such feelings. The study also aimed to identify the relationship between the level of psychological alienation and psychological security among the students. The study followed the descriptive approach; where the study sample consisted of (60) master's students at Taif University in Saudi Arabia. The study tool consisted of two measures; the psychological alienation and psychological security measures. The study came out with a set of results, the most important of which were: The total score of responses to the dimension of social isolation was 60.8%. The total score of responses to the dimension of anomie was 54.4%. The total score of responses to the dimension of nihilism was 60.8%. The total score of responses to the dimension of the feeling of impotence reached 45%. The total score of responses to the dimension of reification was 40.5%. The sample's assessment levels on the dimensions of life satisfaction ranged between 36-77.7%; where the total score of responses to this dimension was 71.7%. The total score of responses to the dimension of social appreciation was 59.6%. The total score of responses to the dimension of social stability reached 56%. In addition, the study found a negative relationship of statistical significance between the level of psychological alienation and psychological security among master's students at Taif University according to the correlation coefficient (0.633). In light of the previous results, the study recommended creating a climate in the university that satisfies the needs of the students; keeping them away from feeling alienated, and the need for psychological counselors to be present to provide psychological guidance to students at the university.
(The Economic and Social Impacts of begging in Egypt during the Period (2000 - 2016: الآثار الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لظاهرة التسول في مصر خلال الفترة (2000 - 2016 )
Authors: Izzat Mallock Qenaoui Hassan
Published: May 2021

This research aims to analysis the begging phenomena in Egypt, types and motivations causing, next to recognize the economic and social effects resulting from it and to identify the most important obstacles that limit the fight against this phenomenon and propose appropriate solutions to reduce the aggravation in the future. The research supposed that there is a direct correlation between the poverty, inflation, unemployment and poor distribution of national income and the growing the phenomenon of begging in Egypt. The approach of descriptive analysis has been used to describe and analyze this phenomenon and the statement of reasons and motives, economic and social impacts, besides using social survey method through direct interview method with a random sample of beggars in the city of Cairo, and analysis of obtained data from the results of the research sample using a quantitative approach through statistical method. The results of research refer to that begging has negative effects on the national economy, related to the lack of contribution to the beggar in the GDP, it represents a burden on society and helps to increase crime rates and hamper the economic growth. The study suggested that support programs and policies to combat poverty as the main reason to beg through the empowerment of families from the socially and economically healthy sides to do their roles and ensure that their members to reduce the aggravation of this phenomenon in the future.
Attitudes of Saudi EFL students toward American and British accents
Authors: Alenezy, Eiman Nassar
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to examine the attitudes of 63 Saudi female students who study English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Saudi Arabia toward British and American accents. Methods used in this study was Verbal Guise Technique (VGT), a subsequent development of Matched Guise Technique (MGT). These were indirect methods of measuring participants’ attitudes toward different groups. The materials used in the present study required a set of two studies using the same British and American stimulus recordings – the first to identify a set of relevant traits for the rating scales and the second to collect actual ratings on those scales. Thus, the results showed a preference for British accent and female speakers, particularly in terms of status, despite participants’ inability to distinguish British and American accents consciously.  This suggests that conscious ability to distinguish speakers’ dialects and identify their nationalities is not a necessary precondition to having different (unconscious) perceptions of those speakers.  The bases of the unconscious perceptions found in this thesis remain a mystery.
The Effect of Converting to Internal Financial Reporting Standards on The Financial Performance of Saudi Joint-Stock Companies: أثر التحول لمعايير التقارير المالية الدولية على الأداء المالي لشركات المساهمة السعودية
Authors: Najla Ibrahim Abdulrahman, Elaf Naser Algarni
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research is to study the effect of converting to internal financial reporting standards on the financial performance of Saudi joint-stock companies. Thought testing the following hypothesis: there is an effect of converting to internal financial reporting standards on gross profit, net income, total asset and total equity. The sample contained six joint-stock companies from basic materials sector. Using the financial statements for five years from 2014 to 2018. The study findings show that there is positive effect of converting to internal financial reporting standards on gross profit and total equity. Also, there is an effect of converting to internal financial reporting standards on net income and total assets. Therefore, converting to internal financial reporting standards effect the financial performance of Saudi joint-stock. The important recommendations are report the effect of converting to internal financial reporting standards on all elements in the financial statements of Saudi joint-stock companies in the clarifications.
The reality of the Entrepreneurship in Palestinian IT companies: واقع ريادة الأعمال في شركات تكنولوجيا المعلومات الفلسطينية
Authors: Emad Younis El-Sawalhy
Published: May 2021

This study aims to identify the reality of entrepreneurship, applying on the Palestinian IT companies in the Gaza Strip. The problem of the study was formulated in the following main question: What is the reality of entrepreneurship in Palestinian IT companies? The study applied the analytical descriptive method based on primary and secondary sources of data. The study followed the analytical-descriptive method. The questionnaire was used as a main tool for collecting data from the population, which is (129) individual employees in the departments of electronic marketing in companies, where (97.7%) were retrieved. The study reveals the high level of leadership in the Palestinian information technology in the Gaza Strip. The study recommends the necessity of establishing or developing a center for entrepreneurship in companies and diversifying the sources of funding to support entrepreneurial ideas, with the need to involve entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial ideas and profits.
The Effectiveness of Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Model of Developing Mathematical Achievement in Preparatory Year Female Students at Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University: فاعلية نموذج التدريس الوقائي (SIOP) في تنمية لدى طالبات السنة التحضيرية في جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية
Authors: Iman Sulaiman Alnusayan, Misfer Saud Al-Salouli
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model in teaching mathematics in English language for the preparatory year in improving the level of mathematical achievement. To achieve the aims of the research, the mixed design of the concurrent type was used, in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected simultaneously. The study was applied to a sample of (167) students in the preparatory year of Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University for the first applied track. They were divided into two experimental groups that were taught Mathematics using the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model and two control groups that were taught Mathematics using the usual standard method. The groups were subjected to an achievement test, and a sample was chosen according to the level of the achievement test for individual interviews. The results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant difference at the level of (α ≤ 0.05) between the average score of the female students in the control groups who were taught according to the traditional method, and those in the experimental groups who were taught according to the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model in the achievement test, in favor of the experimental group. Additionally, the use of the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model also had a high impact on the size of the achievement test by more than 0.14 as measured by squared Eta effect size. The use of the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model was characterized by high effectiveness in developing mathematical achievement for students of the preparatory year in the experimental groups. The research also recommended the importance of training teachers on how to prepare and apply the sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP) model, paying attention to activities that combine content and language
The role of electronic management in achieving a competitive advantage for small and medium enterprises. Field study on the Jeddah governorate: دور الإدارة الإلكترونية في تحقيق ميزة تنافسية للمشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة- دراسة ميدانية على محافظة جدة -
Authors: Ebtisam AbdulQader Fath El-Din
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is to clarify the role of electronic management in creating a high-performance organization, identify the factors necessary for electronic management, identify the obstacles that can face SMEs in transition to electronic management, and identify the general framework of a small or medium company. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method and the questionnaire as a study tool. The study sample consisted of 250 managers of IT units in small and medium enterprises in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study reached a set of findings, namely, there is a positive correlation between the effectiveness of performance in small and medium enterprises and the use of concepts and tools of electronic management. There is a positive statistical relationship between the effectiveness of performance in the organization and the achievement of competitive advantage in small and medium enterprises. There is a positive statistical relationship between the estimated costs of electronic management in the work of small and medium enterprises and the desire to move towards the use of electronic management by owners of small and medium enterprises. The low level of information technology available to SMEs. The study recommended the need to adopt the electronic management of small and medium enterprises, and the need to support government agencies to this trend.
The Difference between Business Process Management, System Analysis and Other Types of Business Process Modeling
Authors: Israr Abd Al-karim El-sharif
Published: May 2021

This article trying to lay emphasis on four types of business modeling evergreen topics: business processing management, business analyzing, system analyzing and business processing reengineering by doing comparison between them. The conceptual foundation of the research is based on insights from the resource-based view (RBV) papers, books and theory its complementary competence perspective; the literature; and from the findings of the exploratory study. The research methodology used for descriptive research design. A major element of the paper is offers a number of an original contribution to students, academics and practitioners. The paper is valuable for them because its development and validation of the research model and its accompanying measurement instrument. The findings show these concepts are important and required to work closely together in order to deliver a set of included small business services to the user community, otherwise the overall technology services themselves will not provide any value to the business unless data should be used to achieve the requirements. It is evidently that combination of these concepts and Information Technologies (IT) results into reliable systems in the enterprises. The Business Processing management, The Business analyzing, both system analyzing and Business Processing Re-engineering can be considered as complementary to each other rather than as a substitute like piece of puzzle. They are contributing to the value addition of the small business.