bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurturing Success: E-Learning readiness and academic self-efficacy in nursing students
Authors: El-Gazar Heba Emad , Zoromba Mohamed Ali , Fayed Sara Mohamed , Loutfy Ahmed , Elzieny Ali A. , Elzeiny Amina , Alkubati Sameer A. , Shahin Mahmoud Abdel Hameed , Altheeb Marwan , El-Monshed Ahmed Hashem
Published: July 2024

Background

As nursing education embraces e-learning as a vital component of its pedagogical approach, understanding the interplay between students’ readiness for E-learning and their academic self-efficacy becomes imperative in nurturing successful learning outcomes amidst evolving educational paradigms.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the relationship between e-learning readiness, academic self-efficacy, and the academic achievement of nursing students within the dynamic educational environment.

Design

This study employed a cross-sectional design.

Methods

A total of 208 nursing students were recruited through convenience sampling at the end of the second semester in 2022. The evaluation included the utilization of Grade Point Average, the Online Learning Readiness Scale, and the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale.

Findings

Previous research has indicated a significant positive correlation between academic achievement and readiness for e-learning, suggesting that higher levels of readiness for e-learning among nursing students lead to improved academic achievement (p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, the findings of the current study revealed a notable positive correlation between academic achievement and academic self-efficacy (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into the critical role of academic self-efficacy and e-learning readiness in enhancing academic achievement among nursing students.
Unraveling the metabolomic architecture of autism in a large Danish population-based cohort
Authors: Ottosson Filip , Russo Francesco , Abrahamsson Anna , MacSween Nadia , Courraud Julie , Skogstrand Kristin , Melander Olle , Ericson Ulrika , Orho-Melander Marju , Cohen Arieh S. , Grove Jakob , Mortensen Preben Bo , Hougaard David M. , Ernst Madeleine
Published: July 2024

Background

The prevalence of autism in Denmark has been increasing, reaching 1.65% among 10-year-old children, and similar trends are seen elsewhere. Although there are several factors associated with autism, including genetic, environmental, and prenatal factors, the molecular etiology of autism is largely unknown. Here, we use untargeted metabolomics to characterize the neonatal metabolome from dried blood spots collected shortly after birth.

Methods

We analyze the metabolomic profiles of a subset of a large Danish population-based cohort (iPSYCH2015) consisting of over 1400 newborns, who later are diagnosed with autism and matching controls and in two Swedish population-based cohorts comprising over 7000 adult participants. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed by a timsTOF Pro operated in QTOF mode, using data-dependent acquisition. By applying an untargeted metabolomics approach, we could reproducibly measure over 800 metabolite features.

Results

We detected underlying molecular perturbations across several metabolite classes that precede autism. In particular, the cyclic dipeptide cyclo-leucine-proline (FDR-adjusted p = 0.003) and the carnitine-related 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB) (FDR-adjusted p = 0.03), were associated with an increased probability for autism, independently of known prenatal and genetic risk factors. Analysis of genetic and dietary data in adults revealed that 5-AVAB was associated with increased habitual dietary intake of dairy (FDR-adjusted p < 0.05) and with variants near SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 (p < 5.0e − 8), coding for a transmembrane carnitine transporter protein involved in controlling intracellular carnitine levels.

Conclusions

Cyclo-leucine-proline and 5-AVAB are associated with future diagnosis of autism in Danish neonates, both representing novel early biomarkers for autism. 5-AVAB is potentially modifiable and may influence carnitine homeostasis.
Comparative analysis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease burden between ages 20–54 and over 55 years: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Li Ziyi , Yang Yucheng , Wang Xuechen , Yang Na , He Liyun , Wang Jialu , Ping Fan , Xu Lingling , Zhang Huabing , Li Wei , Li Yuxiu
Published: July 2024

Background

To systematically analyze differences in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) burden between young and older adults.

Methods

We estimated the prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ASCVD, including ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke (IS), and peripheral artery disease (PAD), in individuals aged 20–54 and > 55 years from 1990–2019, utilizing data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. The annual percentage changes (EAPCs) for age-specific prevalence, mortality, or DALY rates were calculated to quantify the temporal trends of ASCVD burden. We also analyzed population attribution fractions (PAF) of premature ASCVD mortality and DALYs for different risk factors and compared the burden of extremely premature, premature, and non-premature ASCVD cases based on clinical classifications.

Results

From 1990–2019, the global prevalence rates of IHD, IS, and PAD in the 20–54 years age group increased by 20.55% (from 694.74 to 837.49 per 100,000 population), 11.50% (from 439.48 to 490.03 per 100,000 population), and 7.38% (from 384.24 to 412.59 per 100,000 population), respectively. Conversely, the ASCVD prevalence in > 55years age group decreased. Adverse outcome burdens, including mortality and DALYs, varied among ASCVD subtypes. The decrease in the mortality/DALY burden of IHD and IS was lower in the 20–54 years group than in the > 55 years group. For PAD, DALYs among those aged 20–54 increased but decreased among those aged > 55 years. When grouped according to socio-demographic index (SDI) values, lower SDI regions exhibited a higher proportion of young ASCVD burden. The prevalence of young IHD, IS, and PAD in low SDI regions reached 20.70%, 40.05%, and 19.31% in 2019, respectively, compared with 12.14%, 16.32%, and 9.54%, respectively, in high SDI regions. Metabolic risks were the primary contributors to the ASCVD burden in both age groups. Increased susceptibility to ambient particulate matter pollution and inadequate control of high body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose in young individuals may partially explain the differing temporal trends between young and older individuals.

Conclusions

The ASCVD burden in young individuals may become a growing global health concern, especially in areas with lower socioeconomic development levels that require more effective primary prevention strategies.
Workload and spirometry associated with untethered swimming in horses
Authors: Leguillette R. , McCrae P. , Massie S. , Filho S. Arroyo , Bayly W. , David F.
Published: July 2024

Background

Swimming has been used empirically for rehabilitation and conditioning of horses. However, due to challenges imposed by recording physiological parameters in water, the intensity of free swimming effort is unknown.

Objectives

Measure the physiological workload associated with untethered swimming in horses.

Five fit Arabian endurance horses were assessed while swimming in a 100 m-long indoor pool. Horses were equipped with a modified ergospirometry facemask to measure oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and ventilatory parameters (inspired/expired volumes, VI, VE; peak inspiratory/expiratory flows, PkVI, PkVE; respiratory frequency, Rf; minute ventilation, VE; inspiratory/expiratory durations and ratios, tI, tE, tI/ttot, tE/ttot); and an underwater electrocardiogram that recorded heart rate (HR). Postexercise venous blood lactate and ammonia concentrations were measured. Data are reported as median (interquartile ranges).

Results

Horses showed bradypnea (12 breaths/min (10–16)) for the first 30 s of swimming. V̇O2 during swimming was 43.2 ml/(kg.min) (36.0–56.6). Ventilatory parameters were: VI = 16.7 L (15.3–21.8), VE = 14.7 L (12.4–18.9), PkVI = 47.8 L/s (45.8–56.5), PkVE = 55.8 L/s (38.3–72.5), Rf = 31.4 breaths/min (20.0–33.8), VE = 522.9 L/min (414.7–580.0), tI = 0.5 s (0.5–0.6), tE = 1.2 s (1.1–1.6), tI/ttot = 0.3 (0.2–0.4), tE/ttot = 0.7 (0.6–0.8). Expiratory flow tracings showed marked oscillations that coincided with a vibrating expiratory sound. HR was 178.0 bpm (148.5–182.0), lactate = 1.5 mmol/L (1.0–1.9) and ammonia = 41.0 µmol/L (36.5–43.5).

Conclusions

Free (untethered) swimming represents a submaximal, primarily aerobic exercise in horses. The breathing pattern during swimming is unique, with a relatively longer apneic period at the beginning of the exercise and an inspiratory time less than half that of expiration.
Exosomes derived from mouse vibrissa dermal papilla cells promote hair follicle regeneration during wound healing by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Shang Yage , Li Mengyang , Zhang Lixia , Han Chao , Shen Kuo , Wang Kejia , Li Yan , Zhang Yue , Luo Liang , Jia Yanhui , Guo Kai , Cai Weixia , Zhang Jian , Wang Xujie , Wang Hongtao , Hu Dahai
Published: July 2024

Hair follicle (HF) regeneration during wound healing continues to present a significant clinical challenge. Dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes (DPC-Exos) hold immense potential for inducing HF neogenesis. However, the accurate role and underlying mechanisms of DPC-Exos in HF regeneration in wound healing remain to be fully explained. This study, represents the first analysis into the effects of DPC-Exos on fibroblasts during wound healing. Our findings demonstrated that DPC-Exos could stimulate the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, more importantly, enhance the hair-inducing capacity of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts treated with DPC-Exos were capable of inducing HF neogenesis in nude mice when combined with neonatal mice epidermal cells. In addition, DPC-Exos accelerated wound re-epithelialization and promoted HF regeneration during the healing process. Treatment with DPC-Exos led to increased expression levels of the Wnt pathway transcription factors β-catenin and Lef1 in both fibroblasts and the dermis of skin wounds. Specifically, the application of a Wnt pathway inhibitor reduced the effects of DPC-Exos on fibroblasts and wound healing. Accordingly, these results offer evidence that DPC-Exos promote HF regeneration during wound healing by enhancing the hair-inducing capacity of fibroblasts and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This suggests that DPC-Exos may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for achieving regenerative wound healing.
Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes inhibit neuroinflammation and microglial pyroptosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage via the miRNA-197-3p/FOXO3 axis
Authors: Liang Xin , Miao Yan , Tong Xin , Chen Jigang , Liu Hongyi , He Zilong , Liu Aihua , Hu Zhiqiang
Published: July 2024

Background

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe stroke subtype that lacks effective treatment. Exosomes derived from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a promising acellular therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases. However, the therapeutic effects of DPSC-derived exosomes (DPSC-Exos) on SAH remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of DPSC-Exos in SAH.

Materials and methods

SAH was established using 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats. One hour after SAH induction, DPSC-Exos were administered via tail vein injection. To investigate the effect of DPSC-Exos, SAH grading, short-term and long-term neurobehavioral assessments, brain water content, western blot (WB), immunofluorescence staining, Nissl staining, and HE staining were performed. The role of miR-197-3p/FOXO3 in regulating pyroptosis was demonstrated through miRNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and rescue experiments. The SAH model in vitro was established by stimulating BV2 cells with hemoglobin (Hb) and the underlying mechanism of DPSC-Exos was investigated through WB and Hoechst/PI staining.

Results

The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were increased after SAH. DPSC-Exos alleviated brain edema and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the expression of FOXO3 and reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to improved neurobehavioral functions at 24 h after SAH. In vitro, the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3 and caspase1-p20), GSDMD-N, and IL-18 was inhibited in BV2 cells pretreated with DPSC-Exos. Importantly, DPSC-Exos overexpressing miR-197-3p had a more obvious protective effect than those from NC-transfected DPSCs, while those from DPSCs transfected with the miR-197-3p inhibitor had a weaker protective effect. Functional studies indicated that miR-197-3p bound to the 3ʹ-untranslated region of FOXO3, inhibiting its transcription. Furthermore, the overexpression of FOXO3 reversed the protective effects of miR-197-3p.

Conclusions

DPSC-Exos inhibited activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and related cytokine release via the miR-197-3p/FOXO3 pathway, alleviated neuroinflammation, and inhibited microglial pyroptosis. These findings suggest that using DPSC-Exos is a promising therapeutic strategy for SAH.

Graphical Abstract
Community pharmacists’ attitudes toward and practice of pharmacy-based harm reduction services in Pittsburgh, PA: a descriptive survey
Authors: O’Brien Caitlin , Klipp Stephanie , Jawa Raagini , Wilson J. Deanna
Published: July 2024

Background

In Pittsburgh, PA, legal changes in recent decades have set the stage for an expanded role for community pharmacists to provide harm reduction services, including distributing naloxone and non-prescription syringes (NPS). In the wake of the syndemics of the COVID-19 pandemic and worsening overdose deaths from synthetic opioids, we examine knowledge, attitudes, and practices of harm reduction services among community pharmacists in Pittsburgh and identify potential barriers of expanded pharmacy-based harm reduction services.

Methods

We provided flyers to 83 community pharmacies within a 5-mile radius of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center to recruit practicing community pharmacists to participate in an anonymous electronic survey. We used a 53-question Qualtrics survey consisting of multiple-choice, 5 or 6 point-Likert scale, and open-ended questions adapted from 5 existing survey instruments. Survey measures included demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of harm reduction services (specifically naloxone and NPS provision), and explored self-reported barriers to future implementation. Data was collected July–August 2022. We conducted descriptive analysis using frequencies and proportions reported for categorical variables as well as means and standard deviations (SD) for continuous variables. We analyzed open-ended responses using inductive content analysis.

Results

Eighty-eight community pharmacists responded to the survey. 90% of participants agreed pharmacists had a role in overdose prevention efforts, and 92% of participants had previously distributed naloxone. Although no pharmacists reported ever refusing to distribute naloxone, only 29% always provided overdose prevention counseling with each naloxone distributed. In contrast, while 87% of participants had positive attitudes toward the usefulness of NPS for reducing disease, only 73% of participants ever distributed NPS, and 54% had refused NPS to a customer. Participants endorsed a lack of time and concerns over clientele who used drugs as the most significant barriers to offering more comprehensive harm reduction services.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight that while most community pharmacists have embraced naloxone provision, pharmacy policies and individual pharmacists continue to limit accessibility of NPS. Future expansion efforts for pharmacy-based harm reduction services should not only address the time and labor constraints identified by community pharmacists, but also fear-based policy and stigma toward people who inject drugs and harm reduction more broadly.
Impact of nitric oxide via cardiopulmonary bypass on pediatric heart surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhao Minli , Zhang Qiuping , Lin Yuan , Chen Yukun , Cao Hua
Published: July 2024

Objective

The impact of nitric oxide (NO) administered via cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on pediatric heart surgery remains controversial. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impact of NO administered via CPB on pediatric heart surgery.

Methods

This study searched 7 electronic databases to identify Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on the impact of NO administration during CPB on postoperative outcomes in pediatric heart surgery. The searched databases included Embase, Medline (though PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wan Fang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and ClinicalTrials.gov from their inception to November 2, 2022. The included RCTs compared NO administration during CPB with standard CPB procedures or placebo gas treatment in pediatric heart surgery. fixed-effects models and/or random-effects models were used to estimate the effect size with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity among studies was indicated by p-values and I2. All analyses were performed using Review Manager software (version 5.4) in this study.

Results

A total of 6 RCTs including 1,739 children were identified in this study. The primary outcome was duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, with the length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay as the second outcomes. Through a pooled analysis, we found that exogenous NO administered via CPB for pediatric heart surgery could not shorten the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation when compared with the control group (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.07, CI [–0.16, 0.02], I2 = 45%, P = 0.15). Additionally, there were also no difference between the two groups in terms of length of hospital stay (mean difference (MD) -0.29, CI [–1.03, 0.46], I2 = 32%, P = 0.45) and length of ICU stay (MD -0.22, CI [–0.49 to 0.05], I2 = 72%, P = 0.10).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis showed that exogenous NO administration via CBP had no benefits on the duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of postoperative hospital, and ICU stay after pediatric heart surgery.
Letter to the editor: Re: Pathogenic mechanisms of osteogenesis imperfecta, evidence for classification
Authors: Dalgleish Raymond , Micha Dimitra , Superti-Furga Andrea , van Dijk Fleur S. , Sillence David O.
Published: July 2024

A paper published in Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases proposes a new classification of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) based upon underlying pathological mechanisms. The proposed numbering of OI types conflicts with the currently used numbering and is likely to lead to confusion. In addition, classification of OI according to underlying pathogenic mechanisms is not novel.
Tau protein profiling in tauopathies: a human brain study
Authors: Lantero-Rodriguez Juan , Camporesi Elena , Montoliu-Gaya Laia , Gobom Johan , Piotrowska Diana , Olsson Maria , Burmann Irena Matečko , Becker Bruno , Brinkmalm Ann , Burmann Björn M. , Perkinton Michael , Ashton Nicholas J. , Fox Nick C. , Lashley Tammaryn , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Brinkmalm Gunnar
Published: July 2024

Abnormal accumulation of misfolded and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in brain is the defining feature of several neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In AD, this pathological change is reflected by highly specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau biomarkers, including both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated variants. Interestingly, despite tau pathology being at the core of all tauopathies, CSF tau biomarkers remain unchanged in certain tauopathies, e.g., progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Pick’s disease (PiD), and corticobasal neurodegeneration (CBD). To better understand commonalities and differences between tauopathies, we report a multiplex assay combining immunoprecipitation and high-resolution mass spectrometry capable of detecting and quantifying peptides from different tau protein isoforms as well as non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated peptides, including those carrying multiple phosphorylations. We investigated the tau proteoforms in soluble and insoluble fractions of brain tissue from subjects with autopsy-confirmed tauopathies, including sporadic AD (n = 10), PSP (n = 11), PiD (n = 10), and CBD (n = 10), and controls (n = 10). Our results demonstrate that non-phosphorylated tau profiles differ across tauopathies, generally showing high abundance of microtubule-binding region (MTBR)-containing peptides in insoluble protein fractions compared with controls; the AD group showed 12–72 times higher levels of MTBR-containing aggregates. Quantification of tau isoforms showed the 3R being more abundant in PiD and the 4R isoform being more abundant in CBD and PSP in the insoluble fraction. Twenty-three different phosphorylated peptides were quantified. Most phosphorylated peptides were measurable in all investigated tauopathies. All phosphorylated peptides were significantly increased in AD insoluble fraction. However, doubly and triply phosphorylated peptides were significantly increased in AD even in the soluble fraction. Results were replicated using a validation cohort comprising AD (n = 10), CBD (n = 10), and controls (n = 10). Our study demonstrates that abnormal levels of phosphorylation and aggregation do indeed occur in non-AD tauopathies, however, both appear pronouncedly increased in AD, becoming a distinctive characteristic of AD pathology.
Menin inhibitors for acute myeloid leukemia: latest updates from the 2023 ASH Annual Meeting
Authors: An Zhuo-Yu , Zhang Xiao-Hui
Published: July 2024

Recent developments in menin inhibitors for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were highlighted at the 2023 ASH Annual Meeting. Notably, revumenib showed promising efficacy, achieving a 100% ORR when combined with decitabine/cedazuridine and venetoclax. These findings underscore the potential of menin inhibitors in transforming AML treatment, particularly in genetically defined subgroups, offering hope for improved patient outcomes. Ongoing studies, like KOMET-008, further explore the synergistic potential of menin inhibitors in combination regimens, shaping future AML management strategies.
Quantification method of ctDNA using cell-free DNA methylation profile for noninvasive screening and monitoring of colon cancer
Authors: Ryu Hyojung , Kim Ji-Hoon , Kim Yeo Jin , Jeon Hahyeon , Kim Byoung-Chul , Jeon Yeonsu , Kim Yeonkyung , Bak Hyebin , Kang Younghui , Kim Changjae , Um Hyojin , Ahn Ji-Hye , Hyun Hwi , Kim Byung Chul , Song Inho , Jeon Sungwon , Bhak Jong , Han Eon Chul
Published: July 2024

Background

Colon cancer ranks as the second most lethal form of cancer globally. In recent years, there has been active investigation into using the methylation profile of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), derived from blood, as a promising indicator for diagnosing and monitoring colon cancer.

Results

We propose a liquid biopsy-based epigenetic method developed by utilizing 49 patients and 260 healthy controls methylation profile data to screen and monitor colon cancer. Our method initially identified 901 colon cancer-specific hypermethylated (CaSH) regions in the tissues of the 49 cancer patients. We then used these CaSH regions to accurately quantify the amount of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood samples of these same patients, utilizing cell-free DNA methylation profiles. Notably, the methylation profiles of ctDNA in the blood exhibited high sensitivity (82%) and specificity (93%) in distinguishing patients with colon cancer from the control group, with an area under the curve of 0.903. Furthermore, we confirm that our method for ctDNA quantification is effective for monitoring cancer patients and can serve as a valuable tool for postoperative prognosis.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a successful application of the quantification of ctDNA among cfDNA using the original cancer tissue-derived CaSH region for screening and monitoring colon cancer.
Is high exposure to antisocial media content associated with increased participation in malicious online trolling? exploring the moderated mediation model of hostile attribution bias and empathy
Authors: Qiu Yuedong , Sun Qi , Wu Biyun , Li Fang
Published: July 2024

Malicious online trolling is prevalent among Chinese college students and has recently garnered extensive attention from researchers due to the substantial harm it causes to the victims and the damage it inflicts on the online environment. Most previous studies have focused on examining how personal traits related to malicious online trolling. Further comprehensive research is needed to explore the mechanisms linking external environmental factors (antisocial media exposure) and malicious online trolling. A total of 1259 Chinese college students completed questionnaires regarding malicious online trolling, antisocial media exposure, hostile attribution bias, and empathy. The results indicated a positive association between antisocial media exposure and malicious online trolling among Chinese college students, with hostile attribution bias serving as a mediating factor. Furthermore, the direct and mediated paths between antisocial media exposure and malicious online trolling were moderated by empathy. Specifically, as the level of empathy increased among college students, the relations between the variables all weakened. Excessive exposure to antisocial media content among college students may trigger hostile attribution bias and lead to more malicious online trolling behavior. However, the relation between antisocial media exposure and malicious online trolling, hostile attribution bias and malicious online trolling, was attenuated when college students’ empathy levels were high.
The iconographic evolution of Patagonian and Fuegian canids
Authors: Mayorga Marcelo , Barrios Natasha , González-Lagos César , Castro Sergio A. , Jaksic Fabián
Published: July 2024

Background

We assess the putative identity of canids accompanying the Patagonian and Fuegian aborigines through an iconographic timeline encompassing 1699–1894, when a number of narratives provided written descriptions and illustrations of those aborigines and their canids. We determine what type of “dogs” were those canids, disentangling their type or breed group, to reveal their characteristics, composition, and development during that period.

Methods

We searched for illustrations published by navigators and explorers where the presence of canids was reported in the historical territory of the Patagonian aborigines (Aónikenk, Kawésqar, Manek'enk, Sélk'nam, and Yahgan). We constructed a matrix to record the descriptions of all canids represented in those illustrations. Their characterization included body size, coat, tail, ears, skull, and attitude, among others. We then classified whether they were morphologically closer to domestic dogs or to foxlike canids. We used the morphological appearance of dogs to classify them into breed types, whenever possible.

Results and discussion

We identified and classified 61 canids from 26 illustrations in accounts published between 1699 and 1894. From a historical perspective, those accounts suggest that soon after the first contacts with Europeans, the Patagonian and Fuegian aborigines began to exchange and breed dogs of non-native origin, initiating an extended process of mixing between aboriginal foxlike canids and European dogs. From a cynological perspective, the foxlike canids associated with the aborigines were widely present only before 1833, exhibing an homogeneous appearance with a solid coat, pointed snout, small erect ears of high insertion, and fallen and bushy tail. After 1833, the canids depicted show a more varied appearance and mixed coat, with blunter snout, drooping ears at lower insertion, and erect fine tail with sparse hair. Most of these were hunting dogs morphologically similar to modern breeds such as pointers/setters, hounds, terriers, and retrievers.
Recurrent spontaneous coronary artery dissection with ST-segment elevation: once RCA involvement then left main/LAD—case report
Authors: Khaki Sara , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Ahmadi Mostafa
Published: July 2024

Background

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare disease with a more prevalence in women, mostly in the postpartum state, which was first described by Peretti in 1931.

Case presentation

This report describes a previously healthy woman who had a spontaneous coronary artery dissection. This case is related to the early postpartum period with a successful outcome. In addition, the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of this unique clinical entity are discussed and reviewed.

Conclusions

Because these kinds of cases are so rare, reporting these cases and the management and treatment approaches can guide other clinicians worldwide, and maybe a guideline for choosing the best approach around different situations could be published.
Patterns of thyroid gland dysfunction among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Morsi Fatima Al Taher Taha , Elgohary Marwan , Abdelmoaty Ahmed A. , Alsadik Maha E. , Shehata Samah M. , EL Maghawry Mohamed Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Background

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple studies have reported a bidirectional between COVID-19 and dysfunction of the thyroid gland. These studies have identified various forms of thyroid dysfunction that have been found to affect the severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection. However, the data from these studies have been inconsistent and conflicting. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of various types of thyroid dysfunction among moderate to severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia. In addition, the study aimed to evaluate the outcome of thyroid dysfunction after recovery from COVID-19 infection.

Patient and methods

In this observational prospective study data on the clinical features of individuals with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia who were admitted to Zagazig University isolation hospitals from April to December 2022 and their laboratory results were gathered and examined. Thyroid function tests, including TSH, FT3, and FT4, were conducted for all patients upon admission. Follow-up testing was performed on patients who initially had aberrant thyroid lab results 90 days after recovering from COVID-19 infection.

Results

The study comprised a total of 136 patients who had moderate (44.1%) to severe (55.9%) COVID-19 infection. Sick euthyroid syndrome was the most prevalent form of thyroid dysfunction, accounting for 58.7% of patients with thyroid disorders on admission. After 90 days of post-COVID-19 examination, thyroid dysfunction recovery was observed in 61% of cases. A statistically significant correlation was noted between the severity of COVID-19 and the levels of TSH, free T3, and the ratio of free T3 to T4. A large percentage of patients who showed complete recovery had sick euthyroid syndrome. All patients diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism maintained their hypothyroidism condition, whereas those with hyperthyroidism showed complete recovery.

Conclusion

COVID-19 patients may experience several patterns of thyroid dysfunction, including nonthyroidal illness syndrome. These dysfunctions are associated with the intensity of the inflammatory response and the severity of the COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, these alterations are predominantly reversible upon recovery from a COVID-19 infection.
Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin as Initial Salvage Chemotherapy for Germ Cell Tumors: Long-Term Follow-Up and Outcomes for Favorable- and Unfavorable-Risk Disease
Authors: Gleeson Jack P. , Knezevic Andrea , Bromberg Maria , Patil Sujata , Sheinfeld Joel , Carver Brett S. , Bains Manjit , Jones David R. , Bajorin Dean F. , Bosl George J. , McHugh Deaglan J. , Funt Samuel A. , Motzer Robert J. , Feldman Darren R.
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (TIP) is an established salvage regimen for germ cell tumors (GCT) on the basis of a phase II trial, but efficacy on a large patient cohort including patients with unfavorable risk features and long-term outcomes has not been reported. Herein, we report updated treatment efficacy and long-term follow-up with TIP.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with GCT who received TIP after cisplatin-based chemotherapy were eligible. Favorable response (complete response or partial response with negative tumor markers), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates, relapse, and toxicity were determined. Disease was reclassified according to the International Prognostic Factor Study Group (IPFSG) score.

RESULTS

Of the 104 patients, 87 had favorable risk factors and 17 had at least one unfavorable factor by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria. Ten patients were treated for a second gonadal primary GCT. With a median follow-up of 8.9 years, the 5-year PFS and OS rates were 66% (95% CI, 55 to 74) and 69% (95% CI, 59 to 77), respectively. Among 87 patients with favorable-risk disease, 69 (79%) achieved a favorable response with 5-year PFS and OS rates of 67% (95% CI, 56 to 76) and 72% (95% CI, 61 to 80), respectively. Among 17 patients with MSKCC unfavorable-risk disease, 13 (76%) achieved a favorable response with 5-year PFS and OS rates of 59% (95% CI, 33 to 78) and 56% (95% CI, 28 to 76), respectively. After IPFSG reclassification, 5-year PFS and OS rates for patients with ≤intermediate-risk disease were 75% (95% CI, 50 to 89) and 73% (95% CI, 55 to 85), respectively.

CONCLUSION

TIP is an effective second-line regimen for patients with GCT. Similar outcomes were observed in patients with favorable- and unfavorable-risk disease. The randomized TIGER trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02375204 ) comparing TIP with high-dose chemotherapy will determine the optimal second-line treatment approach.
Ontogenetic variation in metabolic rate–temperature relationships during larval development
Authors: Powers Sean D. , Grayson Kristine L. , Martinez Eloy , Agosta Salvatore J.
Published: July 2024

Predictive models of ectotherm responses to environmental change often rely on thermal performance data from the literature. For insects, the majority of these data focus on two traits, development rate and thermal tolerance limits. Data are also often limited to the adult stage. Consequently, predictions based on these data generally ignore other measures of thermal performance and do not account for the role of ontogenetic variation in thermal physiology across the complex insect life cycle. Theoretical syntheses for predicting metabolic rate also make similar assumptions despite the strong influence of body size as well as temperature on metabolic rate. The aim of this study was to understand the influence of ontogenetic variation on ectotherm physiology and its potential impact on predictive modeling. To do this, we examined metabolic rate–temperature (MR–T) relationships across the larval stage in a laboratory strain of the spongy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar). Routine metabolic rates (RMRs) of larvae were assayed at eight temperatures across the first five instars of the larval stage. After accounting for differences in body mass, larval instars showed significant variation in MR–T. Both the temperature sensitivity and allometry of RMR increased and peaked during the third instar, then declined in the fourth and fifth instar. Generally, these results show that insect thermal physiology does not remain static during larval ontogeny and suggest that ontogenetic variation should be an important consideration when modeling thermal performance.
Competências-chave para sustentabilidade no contexto de mestrado profissional
Authors: Pires de Aguiar Ana Carolina , Monzoni Mario , Lourenço Goes Vicente
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar como as competências-chave dos profissionais da sustentabilidade podem ser desenvolvidas por meio de uma metodologia integradora de ensino aprendizagem que combina aspectos de desenvolvimento individual, relacional e prático.
Escopo: Apresentamos o caso da implementação da Formação Integrada para Sustentabilidade (FIS) no contexto de um Mestrado Profissional voltado a profissionais desta área.
Originalidade: A metodologia analisada evita simplificações, desenvolvendo as competências desejadas a partir de contextos práticos e em conjunto.
Relevância: Os professionais da sustentabilidade são cada vez mais valorizados diante dos crescentes e complexos desafios do modo de produção e consumo hegemônicos. Mais que habilidades “heroicas”, a sustentabilidade requer competências que permitam visão sistêmica e e engajamento contínuo com múltiplos atores e realidades.
Ανοσολογική απόκριση του πολυτραυματία και μεταβολές στη σήψη
Authors: Κασσιανίδης Γεώργιος
Published: July 2024

Η φυσιολογική απάντηση στη λοίμωξη ενός ξενιστή είναι μια διαδικασία που σκοπό έχει την απομόνωση και περιορισμό του βακτηρίου, ο οποίος εισβάλλει στον οργανισμό. Αυτό επιτυγχάνεται με την ενεργοποίηση και κινητοποίηση κυκλοφορούντων και ιστικών μακροφάγων και την παραγωγή προφλεγμονοδών και αντιφλεγμονοδών μεσολαβητών. Την ίδια στιγμή κινητοποιείται η διαδικασία επιδιόρθωσης των κατεστραμμένων ιστών. Αντίστοιχη απάντηση πυροδοτείται και στους πολυτραυματίες όπου οι κατεστραμμένοι από το τραύμα ιστοί είναι ο πυροδοτικός μηχανισμός για την έναρξη της φλεγμονώδους απάντησης. Η ισορροπία μεταξύ προφλεγμονοδών και αντιφλεγμονοδών μεσολαβητών αποτελεί καθοριστικό παράγοντα για την εξέλιξη της λοίμωξης προς ίαση ή προς επιδείνωση. Όταν η ισορροπία διαταραχτεί υπέρ της προφλεγμονώδους απάντησης τότε η λοίμωξη γίνεται γενικευμένη και περιλαμβάνει και υγιείς ιστούς, οι οποίοι είναι απομακρυσμένοι από το σημείο λοίμωξης ή του τραυματισμού. Ο χρονισμός στην μετάβαση μιας φλεγμονώδους απάντησης (λοίμωξη ή τραύμα) από την βελτίωση μέχρι την απώλεια της ανοσιακής ισορροπίας και την μετάβαση στη σήψη είναι εξαιρετικά σημαντικός. Η έγκαιρη παρέμβαση καθορίζει συχνά και την έκβαση. Για την έγκαιρη αναγνώριση της μετάβασης αυτή χρειάζεται ένας δείκτης μετρήσιμος και αξιόπιστος δείκτης των φυσιολογικών βιολογικών διαδικασιών, παθολογικών διαδικασιών ή απαντήσεις στις θεραπευτικές παρεμβάσεις. Ο ιδανικός βιοδείκτης για τη σήψη πρέπει να έχει υψηλή ευαισθησία που να επιτρέπει έγκαιρη διάγνωση και να είναι ειδική για παθογόνους οργανισμούς που θα επιτρέψει κατάλληλη θεραπεία. Η περίοδος του Covid- 19 ανέδειξε περισσότερο από ποτέ την ανάγκη για την άμεση ανεύρεση βιοδεικτών. Μελετήθηκαν ασθενείς θετικοί στον Covid-19 σε διάφορες βαρύτητες (ασυμπτωματικοί, μέσης βαρύτητας, βαρέως πάσχοντες και διασωληνωμένοι) και μετρήθηκαν εντός 24ώρου από την μετάβαση τους στο νοσοκομείο 20 διαφορετικοί μεσολαβητές. Πρωτεύον καταληκτικό σημείο ήταν οι συσχετισμοί με την βαριά νόσο και το δευτερεύον καταληκτικό σημείο ήταν ο καθορισμός των μονοπατιών που σχετίζονται με τη θνητότητα. Τα επίπεδα των προφλεγμονοδών μεσολαβητών (IL)-8, IL-18, matrix metalloproteinase-9, platelet- derived growth factor (PDGF)-B και calprotectin (S100A8/A9) ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένα στους ασθενείς με ARDS και μηχανική υποστήριξη της αναπνοής. Οι αντιφλεγμονώδεις μεσολαβητές IL-1ra και IL-33r ήταν επίσης αυξημένοι ενώ η IL-38 ήταν αυξημένοι στους ασυμπτωματικούς αλλά σημαντικά μειωμένη στους βαρέως πάσχοντες. Οι IL-6, IL-33 και calprotectin σχετίστηκαν με σημαντική πιθανότητα κακής έκβασης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η calprotectin αυξανόταν σημαντικά στους ασθενείς που παρουσίασαν επιδείνωση με μετάβαση προς ARDS και μηχανικό αερισμό. Χρειάζεται περεταίρω διερεύνηση και σύγκριση με άλλους παράγοντες οξείας φάσης όπως η φερριτίνη και η C-αντιδρώσα πρωτεΐνη.
EVOLUTION OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES AND THEIR UTILIZATION IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Grasic Anej , Vidnjevic Marko
Published: July 2024

Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology have revolutionized finance and technology, presenting unparalleled opportunities for innovation. Emerging with Bitcoin in 2009, the crypto ecosystem has significantly evolved, encompassing a wide range of digital assets and decentralized applications. This paper delves into the origins of cryptocurrency, the dynamics of crypto transactions, and the transformative potential of blockchain technology. It examines various types of cryptocurrencies, including coins and tokens. Also, it explores the multiple layers of blockchain technology, from foundational infrastructure to advanced applications. Despite facing challenges, like market volatility and regulatory uncertainty, continuous collaboration and innovation drive the field forward. By adopting responsible development practices, stakeholders can harness the potential of cryptocurrencies and blockchain to foster a more inclusive, transparent, and efficient financial ecosystem. This evolution promises to redefine traditional financial systems and enable new forms of economic participation and digital interaction, ultimately contributing to a more equitable global digital economy worldwide.
ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S TRADE RELATIONS WITH CEEC
Authors: Vidnjevic Marko , Kralj Martin
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an analysis of China's trade relations with Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), with a focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), Bulgaria (BGR), Croatia (HRV), Romania (ROU), Serbia (SRB), and Slovenia (SVN). It underscores the fundamental principles of international trade and the reciprocal advantages arising from collaboration between China and these CEEC nations. The analysis explores economic indicators, including GDP, current account balance, merchandise exports and imports, and agricultural product trade. Additionally, the paper highlights the stable economic conditions in China, characterized by consistent interest rates and minimal consumer price index fluctuations. Building on the stable economic conditions in China, the paper emphasizes the potential for win-win collaboration without currency risk. It proposes a strategic partnership involving the supply of advanced financed machinery from China to CEEC nations in exchange for fixed quantities of crops. The objective is to cultivate mutual economic and technological growth within a dependable and predictable trade environment.
REJOINDER TO HOPPE ON ISRAEL VERSUS HAMAS
Authors: Block Walter , Futerman Alan
Published: July 2024

Block and Futerman argue that the classical liberal political-economic philosophy, when properly understood, strongly aligns with the Israeli perspective in their defensive war against Hamas in 2023-2024. However, Hoppe (2024) vehemently disagrees with this view and offers sharp criticism of the work by the two authors. This paper serves as our rebuttal to Hoppe's critique. We present three primary criticisms of Hoppe's essay. Firstly, we contend that he fundamentally misinterprets the conflict between Hamas and Israel by misunderstanding and distorting Israel's claims while uncritically accepting Hamas's assertions. He also overlooks the role of Hamas's hatred of Jews and Israel in originating the ongoing conflict. Secondly, despite Hoppe's esteemed contributions to Austrian economics and libertarian theory, we find his understanding in these areas to be lacking. His view of libertarianism as a conservative enterprise leads to problematic conclusions regarding property rights and social issues like homosexuality and holding alternative belief systems. Lastly, while Hoppe is a respected scholar, his use of language does not align with scholarly standards aimed at advancing knowledge and understanding. Unlike past disagreements among Austro-libertarian scholars, Hoppe's language detracts from scholarly discourse rather than facilitating meaningful dialogue. This departure from academic norms undermines the pursuit of truth and intellectual progress.
Psychological portraits of persons who have committed or attempted to commit a sexual crime against minors
Authors: Maltseva Tatiana
Published: July 2024

Crimes against morality, sexual freedom and sexual integrity of the individual against minors are a traditionally significant problem in legal psychology. It includes the identification of socio-psychological characteristics of the criminal and post-criminal situation, the individual psychological characteristics of the victim and the criminal, the study of the influence of experienced violence on the mental state of the victim, the development of diagnostic and expert assessments of these states and reactions.
The purpose of this article is to study persons who have committed crimes against the sexual integrity of minors. The subject of the study is the psychological characteristics of the personality of those who have committed or attempted to commit a sexual crime against minors.
The study was carried out using an expert survey of police officers who have experience working with this category of offenses. The experts were operatives directly involved in the investigation of high-profile crimes against morality, sexual freedom and sexual integrity of minors. 96 materials provided by experts were studied. To process the results, methods of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis (Spearman test) were used.
In the course of the study, the composition of those who committed high-profile crimes against the sexual integrity of minors, the correlation and specificity of their criminal actions were identified, and seven psychological portraits were drawn up.
Body Mass Index, Big Five personality traits and cyberchondria in a Polish women and men sample: A mediation model
Authors: Włodzimierz Oniszczenko
Published: July 2024

Cel pracy

Celem tego przekrojowego badania była ocena związku między wskaźnikiem masy ciała (BMI) a cyberchondrią w próbie mężczyzn i kobiet. W badaniu określono również znaczenie cech osobowości Wielkiej Piątki jako mediatorów tej relacji.

Metoda

Uczestnikami było 329 kobiet i mężczyzn w wieku od 18 do 65 lat rekrutowanych online. BMI oszacowaliśmy na podstawie podanych przez uczestników danych o ich wzroście i aktualnej wadze. Do oceny cech osobowości Wielkiej Piątki wykorzystano Inwentarz Osobowości TIPI (Ten Item Personality Inventory). Cyberchondria została zdiagnozowana za pomocą Skali Cyberchondrii CSS-PL.

Wyniki

BMI dodatnio korelowało ze stabilnością emocjonalną (przeciwieństwo neurotyczności) i ekstrawersją, natomiast ujemnie z cyberchondrią. Stabilność emocjonalna i ekstrawersja korelowały ujemnie z cyberchondrią. Jedynie BMI i stabilność emocjonalna były dobrymi predyktorami cyberchondrii. Kobiety uzyskały niższe wyniki w skali BMI i stabilności emocjonalnej, ale wyższe w skali cyberchondrii w porównaniu z mężczyznami. Analiza mediacji ujawniła bezpośredni i pośredni wpływ BMI na cyberchondrię poprzez stabilność emocjonalną jako mediatora między BMI a cyberchondrią.

Wnioski

Badanie to podkreśla możliwe znaczenie BMI dla cyberchondrii w zależności od stabilności emocjonalnej poszczególnych osób. Wyniki te mogą być przydatne dla profesjonalistów zajmujących się terapią osób z nadwagą/otyłością oraz osób nadmiernie używających Internetu.