bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lymphomatosis Cerebri: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Khan Sibgha , Mubarak Fatima , Minhas Khurram , Kanwar Dureshahwar , Chen Robert Chun
Published: October 2023

Background

Lymphomatosis cerebri (LC) is a rare manifestation of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) with only a few cases reported in the literature, appearing as diffuse infiltrating process rather than a solitary mass. It is a non-Hodgkin’s type of lymphoma and is usually of the B-cell type origin.

Purpose

We intend to report this unique case of LC which came across as a diagnostic challenge.

Methods

A 53-year-old gentleman presented with complaints of two episodes of seizures 24 h apart followed by postictal confusion for 10–15 min. He underwent multiple MRI scans and underwent a biopsy of the lesion which reported infection, but he did not benefit from the treatment.

Result

The imaging was reviewed, suspicion of LC was raised and a review of histopathology was requested which later confirmed primary CNS lymphoma.

Conclusion

LC is a rare but established manifestation of PCNSL which mimics multiple other conditions. Understanding of the imaging pattern is important in making the diagnosis and differentiating it from other mimic conditions.
Informal Social-Emotional Learning in Gaming Affinity Spaces: Evidence From a Reddit Discussion Thread on Elden Ring
Authors: Czauderna André , von Gillern Sam , Robinson Bradley
Published: October 2023

Background

Over the past few years, there has been extensive discussion and research on social-emotional learning (SEL) in formal educational settings. However, there is limited research on SEL in informal learning contexts, including online sites such as gaming affinity spaces.

Aim

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the social-emotional competencies demonstrated by players in a Reddit discussion board focused on Elden Ring, a video game known for its challenging difficulty.

Methods

The study utilized theoretical qualitative thematic analysis on a focal thread at r/Eldenring. The thread had been upvoted over 18,000 times, included 2,363 comments encompassing 116,911 words, and had 997,765 readers when we extracted it for data analysis. Inductive codes were identified and grouped under preconceived themes based on the conceptual framework of the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL), which comprises five components: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making.

Findings

The analysis revealed promising social-emotional competencies demonstrated by players across all five components of the CASEL framework. Players exhibited self-awareness by reflecting on their emotions and self-management by regulating their frustration and persevering through challenges. Social awareness was displayed by showing empathy and encouragement towards others, relationship skills by offering support and advice to fellow players, and responsible decision-making by analyzing situations, solving problems, and reflecting on gameplay experiences.

Conclusion

This study highlights the potential for informal SEL in gaming affinity spaces, as evidenced by players exhibiting social-emotional competencies during a Reddit discussion thread on Elden Ring. Future research should examine, among other aspects, the learning processes that facilitate the acquisition of social-emotional competencies in gaming affinity spaces and other informal learning environments, both online and offline. Additionally, special attention should be paid to the unique features of online platforms (like Reddit’s upvoting/downvoting) and their influence on users’ interactions and SEL.
Caregiver and Employee Experience Among Big Hospices—Ranking of the Largest US Hospices by Three Quality Indicators
Authors: Hotchkiss Jason , Ridderman Emily , Hotchkiss Brendan
Published: October 2023

Background

Several studies chronicle profit-making negatively impacting US hospice care quality. However, no study has reported on caregiver satisfaction expressed online by hospice.

Objectives

Assess the relationship between online caregiver sentiment, market share, profit status, and Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) scores among the 50 largest US hospices.

Methods

Retrospective mixed methods of sentiment and multivariate regression analysis. Data sources were online caregiver reviews, provider CAHPS hospice survey data.

Results

Being a larger, for-profit predicted diminished caregiver and employee satisfaction. Caregiver Sentiment and CAHPS Composite were so highly associated ( r = .862, P < .001), that they are converging on overall caregiver satisfaction. With large effect, CAHPS Star Rating was significantly higher than Review Star Rating. For-profits had significantly higher overall Emotional Intensity than non-profit hospices, again with large effect. Caregiver Sentiment, Review Star Rating, and Glassdoor Composite each predicted CAHPS Composite. Lack of staffing was more frequent among for-profits (13%) than non-profits (6%). Out-of-scope expectations prevalence was 9%.

Conclusion

Caregiver and employees had better experiences with non-profits than for-profits. Anger and frustration was expressed toward large, for-profit providers more focused on admissions, profiteering, and paying dividends than actual care. The CAHPS appears to draw more satisfied caregivers. Whereas, online reviewing provides open-ended, real-time voicing of care quality concerns. Even with distinct methods, CAHPS survey and review sentiment analysis converge on caregiver satisfaction, yet CAHPS paints a much rosier picture of hospice quality than online reviews. Future research should explore sentiments by topic and hospice to increase customer advocacy.
Children Diagnosed With NAS in Kentucky and Their Involvement in Early Intervention
Authors: Ferrell Emily , Marshall Jennifer , Bada Henrietta , Kirby Russell S.
Published: October 2023

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a public health issue that affected more than 2% of live births in Kentucky in 2017. We analyzed data from Kentucky’s early intervention (EI) program and the mandatory statewide NAS registry to learn more about how families of children with NAS utilize EI services. Out of 1,113 children in the study, 32% were referred to EI and 9% enrolled. Gaps in the intake process include low referral rates, low screening rates among referred children (36%), and lag in the time from referral to enrollment. Because 79% of screened children qualified for EI and 95% of qualifying children enrolled, this sample demonstrated some need for and interest in services. We are using these findings to inform policy recommendations that could help EI agencies experiencing an influx of potential clients with a history of NAS.
How Does Workplace Gossip Benefit Gossip Actors? The Impact of Workplace Gossip on Power and Voluntary Turnover
Authors: Kim Andrea , Gabriel Allison S. , Kim Youngsang , Moon Jinhee , Rosen Christopher C.
Published: October 2023

Although workplace gossip is ubiquitous, more scholarship is needed to determine how employees may use gossip to attain valuable social resources at work—namely, their experience of power. Drawing from the gossip literature and research on power in the workplace, we identify proximal (i.e., increased power accrual) and distal (i.e., diminished voluntary turnover) positive outcomes for employees enacting negative and positive gossip about the organization at work. Using a sample of 338 nurses, we found that positive workplace gossip about the organization increases expert power. Our analysis further revealed that positive workplace gossip about the organization had a negative indirect effect on the voluntary turnover of gossip actors via their expert power. Our findings contribute to the organizational literature on the benefits of gossip to actors and serve to further enrich the emerging literature which has considered the relationship between power and turnover. An important implication of our research is that organizations need to recognize the dynamics of organization-directed gossip and its potential to serve as a source of social power for employees and a retention driver for those who accrue power in expertise.
A nonlinear quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator with quintic restoring force characteristic: A fundamental analytical insight
Authors: Gatti Gianluca
Published: October 2023

The nonlinear mechanical oscillator with X-shaped-spring suspension has attracted relevant attention in the past couple of years due to its ability to tailor the corresponding stiffness characteristic on purpose and fit diverse engineering needs. This paper deeply investigates the conditions for such a configuration to exhibit a quasi-zero stiffness behaviour with both the linear and cubic elastic term of the force-displacement curve equal to zero. The resulting quintic characteristic leads to a vibration isolator with a much larger isolation frequency band respect to the classical isolator with non-zero cubic elastic term only. A systematic comparison between the quintic and cubic characteristics is performed, emphasizing the asymptotic trends, and thus showing the fundamental behaviours. It is found that the critical damping for an unbounded response of the quintic isolator is proportional to the square of the normalized excitation amplitude, while that of the cubic isolator is directly proportional to the normalized displacement amplitude. This makes the critical damping of the quintic isolator much lower, and thus more favourable in practical engineering applications, where the values of the normalized excitation amplitude are less than one.
Child Protective Services Reports After Reunification: An Examination of the Risk of Being Rereported to Child Protective Services After Returning Home From Foster Care
Authors: Jones Dylan , Jonson-Reid Melissa
Published: October 2023

While a number of studies have examined the risk of reentry after exiting foster care, few studies have examined the risk of rereport to Child Protective Services (CPS) in the United States. Understanding more about rereports may help identify targets for supportive services that prevent reentry and promote safety. This study is the first to use nation-wide linked data to examine the risk of rereport for reunified children. The sample included children reunified after experiencing their first episode in foster care with at least one CPS report prior to care. With a 2000-day observation period, flexible parametric survival models with time varying hazard ratios were used to model the hazard or rereport conditional on prior CPS and foster care characteristics. Over 50% of the sample experienced a rereport after reunification. Results indicate that children entering foster care following a history of multiple CPS reports prior to placement were at substantially increased risk of rereport after returning home. A group of children with shorter stays in care had a high risk of recurrence within the first month, but this was not true over time. Implications for future research as well as permanency planning and addressing the needs of families with chronic reports are discussed.
On thermodynamic extremal principles in gradient plasticity with energetic forces
Authors: Petryk Henryk
Published: October 2023

Incremental energy minimization is revisited as a method of determining an incremental solution for rate-independent dissipative solids undergoing isothermal quasi-static deformation. The incremental minimization is applied to the total internal energy of the compound thermodynamic system that consists of a deforming body with internal variables, a conservative loading device, and an ambient heat reservoir. It is shown that the difference between the virtual and actual dissipation rates plays a fundamental role in this minimization, which is related to thermodynamic extremal principles of local and global type. The analysis is carried out within the gradient plasticity framework with the energetic forces derived as the variational derivative of the Helmholtz free energy depending on the spatial gradient of arbitrary internal variables. Specifications are given for existing models of gradient plasticity.
Cultural safety in telehealth consultations with Indigenous people: A scoping review of global literature
Authors: Terrill Kirsty , Woodall Hannah , Evans Rebecca , Sen Gupta Tarun , Ward Raelene , Brumpton Kay
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Telehealth has become increasingly routine within healthcare and has potential to reduce barriers to care, including for Indigenous populations. However, it is crucial for practitioners to first ensure that their telehealth practice is culturally safe. This review aims to describe the attributes of culturally safe telehealth consultations for Indigenous people as well as strategies that could promote cultural safety.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted on key features of cultural safety in telehealth for Indigenous people using the Johanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and PRISMA-ScR checklist. Five electronic databases were searched, and additional literature was identified through handsearching.

Results

A total of 649 articles were screened resulting in 17 articles included in the review. The central themes related to the provision of culturally safe telehealth refer to attributes of the practitioner: cultural and community knowledge, communication skills and the building and maintenance of patient–provider relationships. These practitioner attributes are modified and shaped by external environmental factors: technology, the availability of support staff and the telehealth setting.

Discussion

This review identified practitioner-led features which enhance cultural safety but also recognised the structural factors that can contribute, both positively and negatively, to the cultural safety of a telehealth interaction. For some individuals, telehealth is not a comfortable or acceptable form of care. However, if strategies are undertaken to make telehealth more culturally safe, it has the potential to increase opportunities for access to care and thus contribute towards reducing health inequalities faced by Indigenous peoples.
Religious nationalism and religious governance: Overlaps and divergences. The case of Croatia
Authors: Grozdanov Zoran , Zelič Nebojša
Published: October 2023

In this article, we argue that the religious governance in Croatia was shaped by the specific position that was given to the Catholic Church in Croatia as the historical and moral guardian of the Croatian people. We describe how the fusion of religious and national identity occurred and how it was connected to the relationship between the Catholic Church and the political party that governed Croatia in the 1990s, as well as the relationship between the state and minority religious communities. The article also deals with the issue of whether religious nationalism, which is very strong at the levels of society and national self-consciousness, played any role in the governance of religious diversity and how it has influenced social movements that have reconfigured mutual recognition of different religious communities in Croatia.
Comparison of questionnaire items for discomfort glare studies in daylit spaces
Authors: Quek G , Jain S , Karmann C , Pierson C , Wienold J , Andersen M
Published: October 2023

When studying discomfort glare, researchers tend to rely on a single questionnaire item to obtain user evaluations. It is unclear whether the choice of questionnaire item affects the distribution of user responses and leads to inconsistencies between studies. This study aims to investigate if different glare questionnaire items yield similar distributions of user discomfort in daylit environments. We conducted a comparative study of selected questionnaire items from previous glare experiments, testing them in three independent user studies with different lighting conditions and glare stimuli. We compared the resulting outputs across questionnaire items with 540 data points from 149 participants. Results indicated that ordinal questionnaire outputs show strong correlations (0.68 < ρ < 0.85), high internal reliability (α = 0.93) and captured the same latent construct. Binary questionnaire items reflected different glare thresholds but still correlated well with ordinal items. The construct validity of tested questionnaire items was confirmed through responses to an open-ended question. These findings suggest that the tested questionnaire items may be used for category rating-type discomfort glare evaluations and consistently capture the same construct.
Online thickness measurements of acrylate-based coatings on knitted polyester fabric using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Vieweg Nico , Regner Nadja , Dutzi Katja , Kutz Janis , Kehrt Mathias , Steiger Andreas , Kaya Cigdem , Stegmaier Thomas
Published: October 2023

Three different institutions combined their expertise in a joint R&D project to demonstrate the suitability of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for thickness measurements of acrylate-based coatings on polyester fabric. First, we spectroscopically analyzed the materials involved using a high-precision terahertz spectrometer and determined optical properties such as the refractive index and loss coefficient. Raster scans were then performed across the sample, and terahertz images were created to identify material boundaries and thickness inhomogeneities. Finally, we applied a fast scanning terahertz time-domain spectrometer based on electronically controlled optical sampling and a customized reflection head for online thickness measurements in a coating line. The textile moved at a speed of 0.5 m/min, while the measurement system records terahertz pulses at a rate of 1600 traces/s. Coating thicknesses of between 63 µm and 99 µm were calculated in a post-processing step. To classify these non-contact and non-destructive measurements, these thicknesses were compared with the results of standard methods. Online and offline (62-83 µm) terahertz and SEM (66-75 µm) measurements delivered the best agreement for average coating thickness. In contrast, mechanical testing methods gave either too low or too high values for layer thickness, which were not comparable. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and imaging technology enable the first non-destructive quality control of acrylate-based textile coatings immediately following coating in the production line. Measurable variables are coating thicknesses and the detection of defects such as air inclusions.
Moving People Analytics From Insight to Impact
Authors: Rasmussen Thomas H. , Ulrich Mike , Ulrich Dave
Published: October 2023

In this paper we take stock of the current state of People Analytics and identify ways to increase business impact. We suggest a fourth wave of people analytics, which focuses on impact in MY company, not compared to someone else (benchmarking, reporting), not just mimicking someone else (best practice), and not being enamored with the research methodologies (predictive analytics). This pivots people analytics towards answering questions of value to your key stakeholders (employees, senior management and boards inside and investors, customers and communities outside the organization) instead of questions mostly relevant to HR professionals or regulators. We outline a guidance framework for how people analytics can help shape practical solutions for your company to outperform in areas relevant for you. We argue a focus on guidance will amplify the business impact of people analytics, making it more relevant for management actions.
Enhancement of convective flow in ternary hybrid nanofluid induced by metachronal propulsion
Authors: Abbas Zaheer , Arslan Muhammad Shakib , Rafiq Muhammad Yousuf
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to inspect the mixed convective ciliary transport of ternary hybrid nanofluid through a curved channel having ciliated walls. Titanium oxide, Alumina oxide, and Silicon dioxide nanoparticles are taken for the current problem with blood as a base fluid. Due to the complexity of the flow regime, curvilinear coordinates are utilized to modulate resultant equations for two-dimensional flow under the consideration of heat source/sink effects. The attributes of ciliary structures are revealed by the dominance of viscous impacts over inertial impacts utilizing the long-wavelength approximation. The impacts of several interesting parameters on the flow fields are scrutinized via graphs. It can be examined that liquid velocity is enhanced by enhancing the cilia length parameter. The considered nanomaterials have remarkable applications in maintaining the heat transfer rate in blood flow through arteries.
Personal protection equipment: Preliminary evidence of effectiveness from a three-phase simulation program
Authors: Altabbaa Ghazwan , Pidhorney Corrinne , Beran Tanya , Kim Joseph , Ledgerwood Donna , Cowan Michèle , Paolucci Elizabeth Oddone
Published: October 2023

Background

Healthcare providers carry the occupational risk of being exposed to pathogens. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) requires proficiency whenever used. Yet, evidence shows significant errors and variation in competency when applying PPE.

Objective

In this study, we developed a three-phase intervention to promote PPE proficiency.

Methods

Education and assessment of participants’ PPE knowledge and skills occurred at a large academic university in Western Canada. Participants first completed an online module; second, they experienced one-on-one coaching and deliberate practice with infection control professionals; and third, participants managed a COVID-19 clinical simulation scenario. The measured outcomes include a 15-item pre- and post-knowledge test and a pre- and post-skills assessment of donning and doffing behaviors. These behaviors were observed from video recordings and were assessed using two standardized checklists.

Results

Knowledge and donning/doffing post-test scores (11.73, 0.95, and 0.96, respectively) were significantly higher after completing all three phases of the educational intervention, p < .001.

Conclusions

An online module alone is insufficient for PPE knowledge and skill development. Rather, a module followed by practice and simulation allows learners to gain proficiency.
Multi-Surface Cartilage Defects about the Knee Treated with Cartilage Restoration Procedures Show Good Outcomes and Survivorship at Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Retzky Julia S. , Palhares Guilherme M. , Rizy Morgan , Hinkley Paige , Gomoll Andreas H. , Strickland Sabrina M.
Published: October 2023

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the outcomes, survivorship, and complications following multi-surface cartilage procedures at minimum 2-year follow-up.

Design

Patients with either (1) single-surface osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCAT) with third-generation matrix-induced autologous cultured chondrocyte implantation (MACI) or particulated juvenile cartilage implantation (DeNovo), or (2) multiple-surface OCAT ± associated MACI/DeNovo procedures for grade IV chondral or osteochondral defects about the knee with minimum 2-year follow-up were analyzed. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales, were obtained preoperatively and at minimum 2 years postoperatively. The percentage of patients who met the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for each PROM was reported. Failure was defined as revision OCAT, conversion to patellofemoral/total/unicompartmental joint arthroplasty, or Arthrosurface HemiCAP placement.

Results

Of 257 patients identified, 35 were included. There was a significant increase in IKDC, KOOS-pain, KOOS-symptom, KOOS-sport, and KOOS-quality of life scores from preoperative to postoperative evaluation ( P < 0.03 for all). More than 50% of patients met the MCID for each PROM. There were 2 failures, 1 of the patella and 1 of the medial femoral condyle, at 39.7 and 38.6 months postoperatively, respectively.

Discussion

Multi-surface cartilage procedures are a safe, efficacious treatment option for multifocal cartilage defects about the knee at short-term follow-up.
‘I felt part of the solution’. A qualitative study about the interface between lived experience advocates, professionals and organisations in the field of persistent pain
Authors: Hartley Cameron , Penlington Chris
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To elicit perspectives of people with persistent pain about their experiences working with pain management professionals and services as patient advocates and to consider implications for current models of involving patients in service development and research.

Design

reflexive thematic analysis from a critical realist perspective.

Methods

Online interviews were conducted individually with 10 participants who had acted as patient advocates in the field of persistent pain. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were analysed and organised into themes and are presented descriptively.

Results

The relationship between patient advocates and the organisations they help is conceptualised as ‘an unequal partnership’. Participants described positive and affirming experiences with individual health professionals and research teams (Respect). This often occurred within a context of inflexible organisational policies that presented barriers to participation including a lack of financial compensation and expectation to work to inflexible deadlines. As a result, patient advocates could experience a lack of value attributed to their experiences and voices (unmet needs from institutions).

Conclusion

People with personal experience of engaging with services for persistent pain are in a strong position to contribute to service improvement. Although this contribution is recognised as valuable, it appears to be devalued by organisational barriers. Organisational policies around payment may lead to a lack of representation of those experiencing higher levels of disadvantage. As a result, services and policy makers may be missing out on insights that could be important for service development.
Compas-Y: A mixed methods pilot evaluation of a mobile self-compassion training for people with newly diagnosed cancer
Authors: Austin Judith , Schroevers Maya J , Van Dijk Jelle , Sanderman Robbert , Børøsund Elin , Wymenga A Machteld N , Bohlmeijer Ernst T , Drossaert Constance H.C.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Compas-Y is a compassionate mind training app that was co-designed to be fully adapted to mobile technology and to people with newly diagnosed cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the use, appreciation and impact of the app.

Methods

Seventy-one people with cancer who created an app account were included (38% breast cancer, 72% diagnosed <4 months ago, 76% received chemotherapy). Participants had very high baseline scores of self-compassion. In a convergent mixed methods design, back-end log-data ( n = 71), pre-post surveys ( n = 34) and semi-structured interviews ( n = 23) collected for >8 weeks and were concurrently analysed using joint displays.

Results

About half of the participants (45%) used 4 of the 6 modules. Compas-Y was highly appreciated, with all content considered relevant and a source of support. Experienced benefits related to improved mental health. Particularly, we found significant changes in anxiety, but not in depression or well-being. In the interviews, people reported experiencing more rest and more positive emotions due to using the app. Process benefits included significant reductions in self-criticism (inadequate self and self-blame), but not self-compassion. In the interviews, people reported improved self-compassion and less self-criticism, more self-awareness, recognition and support, and improved emotion regulation and coping. The surveys did not capture the full range of outcomes that participants reported in the interviews.

Conclusions

Compas-Y is a highly appreciated mobile intervention that supported users in aspects of their mental health. Findings are discussed in terms of reach and adherence, app functionalities, co-design and tailoring of cancer-related and compassion-based eHealth.
Robotics at the Crossroads: A Discussion of Ethical Considerations, Moral Implications, and Inclusive Design
Authors: Patel Sabina M. , Lazzara Elizabeth H. , Phillips Elizabeth , Chaparro Alex , Alicia Thomas J. , Teves Jennifer , Rovira Ericka
Published: October 2023

There is a growing awareness of the need for diversity and representation in the development of ethical robots. This is essential to ensure that the ethical considerations and decision-making processes built into these robots are inclusive and considerate of the diverse communities that will interact with them. Furthermore, it is important that diverse perspectives are included in the design, development, and evaluation of ethical robots to prevent potential biases and negative impacts on marginalized communities. With this foundation in mind, the purpose of this panel session is twofold: 1) to explore and discuss the ethical considerations and implications of diversity in AI research and robotic applications and 2) to foster a deeper understanding of the role that diverse perspectives and inclusive practices play in the development of responsible and equitable technology.
Developing IMPAWSTER: Improving Meaningful Phishing Awareness With Simulated Training and Email Roleplay
Authors: Sabo Katharine E. , Black Jeffrey , Sarno Dawn M.
Published: October 2023

Phishing emails have greatly increased in recent years and have significant financial consequences. Although research has focused on developing training interventions to help older adults become more adept at detecting phishing attempts, studies indicate that younger adults may be more at risk. The present study developed a novel, gamified phishing intervention, IMPAWSTER. To assess the utility of gamifying a phishing intervention, we compared performance benefits for the same phishing intervention, with and without gamification, relative to no intervention. Gamification was employed to increase user motivation and engagement while addressing the three basic needs described by self-determination theory (competence, autonomy, and relatedness). The results indicated that while both the gamified and basic interventions improved users’ phishing detection and made them more cautious, including game elements did not meaningfully improve outcomes. Future research should examine if different gamification elements or longer training sessions can improve phishing detection abilities relative to standard interventions.
Task Switching and Visual Search: Evidence for a Tradeoff Between Congruent and Incongruent Target Responses
Authors: Zish Kevin , Korbelak Kristopher , Gish Ken , McKnight Simone , Endres Daniel
Published: October 2023

In task switching studies, mapping different responses to the same physical keys creates two response categories: congruent and incongruent. Congruent and incongruent responses are distinguished by whether or not a key press is the same between different task instructions. Task switching studies often report that incongruent responses have higher error rates and RTs than congruent responses. In this study, we investigate this congruency effect by asking: Does the presence of incongruent stimuli detract from performance on congruent stimuli? If true, participants may perform worse on congruent stimuli as more incongruent stimuli are added. To test this hypothesis, we created a visual search and task switching paradigm where participants search for targets while the congruence of a target changes. Results show a tradeoff in accuracy between incongruent and congruent targets—when incongruent stimuli are added, participants are worse at finding congruent stimuli, even though congruent stimuli are targets throughout the task.
Socially Assistive Robots: Considerations for Negative Effects on Empathy and Emotion Recognition in Human Interaction
Authors: Steinmetz Victoria , Rosero Andres , Phillips Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Socially assistive robots (SARs) are a recent development in the field of artificial intelligence designed to assist human users through social interactions in vulnerable settings. SARs design has led to significant emotion recognition and empathy research in order to create sufficient and effective userrobot bonds. However, much of this research has focused on the successful emulation of emotion and empathy in robots, rather than the effects of prolonged exposure to such artificial emotion and empathy on subsequent human-to-human empathetic interaction and emotion recognition. In this paper, we present a review of interpersonal empathy in the context of human-robot relationships and discuss the potential consequences of these relationships on human-human social interactions. We also present recommendations for research into this field, drawing from real-life examples of humans bonding to inanimate artificial beings.
From Selection to Design: Diverse Perspectives of Human Factors Issues in Unmanned Aerial Systems
Authors: Beadle Sarah C. , Kaplan Alexandra D. , Braly Adam M. , McGarry Shannon P.D. , Armendariz Nicholas J. , Ganey H.C. Neil , Carroll Meredith B.
Published: October 2023

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) serve many roles in the broader defense space- with mission sets like reconnaissance, remote delivery, and supporting other aircraft operations. In the future of UASs, human factors professionals serve a broad role in advocating for the users in the design process. This discussion panel will involve individuals with different experiences working with UAS technologies and its introduction to the end user. The panel will consist of the following topics: capturing user feedback, control station design for supervisory control, selection of operators as this technology grows, and broad issues in public policy. The panelists with a variety of civilian and military experience will highlight their day-to-day role as well as what they see as upcoming topics worth researching in this domain.
Multi-method Analysis Approach to Investigate the Effect of Intermittent Interventions on Sustained Attention: Application on a Passport Screening Task
Authors: Dirisina Jahnavi , Kang Ziho
Published: October 2023

A multi-method analysis approach is proposed to investigate whether corroborating evidence can be found to obtain some possible insights on whether intermittent interventions might increase sustained attention for a repetitive task. The proposed approach involves analysis from diverse aspects including signal detection, anomaly detection, reaction time, and workload. A small-scale experiment was conducted, in which the primary task was a low-to-moderate fidelity repetitive passport screening task, and the intermittent intervention task was an auditory task of simple calculations. Among nearly two hundred passport images, some contained incorrect information within the images, whereas some contained anomalies, such as star shapes, shown outside of the images. Results showed that the treatment group, who received intermittent interventions, showed higher sensitivity on detection errors, higher anomaly detection, without substantial differences on reaction times and workload. Results show promise on adapting the proposed approach to investigate sustained attention when developing systems for training beginners.
Towards a Comprehensive Model of Military Human-Agent Teaming
Authors: Hidalgo Maartje , Jones Lauren-Reinerman
Published: October 2023

With the rise of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technology has and will exponentially transform in a way that will change how humans live, function, and work. This notion is profoundly noticeable in the realm of military human-agent teaming (HAT), where intelligent systems are used in critical missions to collaborate with Soldiers on a mission. With any new phenomenon in the natural world, a theoretical model is required to understand and predict behavior. In this paper, we present a literature review to explore a proposed model of simulated military human-agent teaming that centers around task performance.
Flash Blindness Recovery for Pilots in the Modern Cockpit
Authors: Arizpe Joseph M. , McAnally R. Eric , Hart Maximillian V. , Kuyk Thomas K. , Smith Peter A. , Goettl Barry P.
Published: October 2023

Intense light can cause flash blindness, a temporary visual impairment. We investigated how various factors influenced time to recover from flash blindness for a task resembling reading a cockpit heading display. Prior studies used only reflective displays while modern cockpits now include emissive displays, so recovery differences between display types were of interest as was the influence of ambient luminance level. Flash blindness recovery times ranged from five seconds to two minutes. Greater flash intensity and smaller (higher acuity) letters led to longer recoveries. For the reflective display, as ambient luminance increased, flash intensity had weaker influence on recovery times and recovery shortened overall. For the emissive display (white at 16 cd/m2) however, ambient luminance did not appreciably modulate recovery times. The reflective display was more advantageous for flash blindness recovery in high (100 cd/m2) ambient luminance and the emissive display was more advantageous in low (1 cd/m2) ambient luminance.
Enhancing Ada Compliance for Websites and Online Applications: A Heuristic Evaluation Approach
Authors: Khasawneh Amro , Gallagher Philip B. , Jacobson Emily I. , Riley Lindsey
Published: October 2023

The guidance provided by the ADA regarding online applications can be unclear and has led to the adoption of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as the standards for assessing online accessibility and achieving ADA compliance. While these standards are helpful, they are not perfect and have faced criticism due to usability concerns. As a result, our objective is to create review heuristics that combine the guidance of WCAG 2.0 and Section 508, which can serve as a practical and effective tool for assessing web ADA compliance. The heuristics function similar to a usability heuristic evaluation, which has been proven successful for decades. This article will first focus on developing the ADA compliance heuristics, then it demonstrates the use of the heuristics.
Assessing Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire 2.0: A Methodological Systematic Review Regard to Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments Guideline
Authors: Qiao Liang , Chen Dingbang , Zhang Fan , Zhang Luosheng , Gao Xin , Chen Jiajia , Yu Wenlong , Xu Jingren , Chu Peilin , Huang Quan , Yin Mengchen
Published: October 2023

Study Design

systematic review of cross-cultural adaptation.

Objectives

SOSGOQ 2.0 was widely used to assess the HRQQOL of patients with spinal metastasis. Due to the lack of methodological quality assessment, it is a challenge to use the questionnaire in routine practice. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the translation procedures and measurement attributes of SOSGOQ 2.0 according to COSMIN guidelines.

Methods

The literature was reviewed adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Each translation process and different cultural adaptation methods were classified according to the guidelines for Cross cultural Adaptation Process of Self Reporting Measures, and the methodological quality of the identified research was evaluated according to the consensus based on the selection criteria of health measurement tools.

Results

6 publications finally met the inclusion criteria. As for the evaluation of translation procedures and cross-cultural adaptability, two adaptations did not report the detailed information in translation and cross-cultural adaptation (synthesis, back translation, review by expert committee, pre-test), factor analysis and sample size calculation were only mentioned in two studies, and only one adaptation met the minimum sample size standard. Regard to the methodological quality assessment of measurement attributes, all adaptations completed internal consistency, structural effectiveness and reliability. However, none of the adaptations reported measurement errors and only one reported response sensitivity.

Conclusions

We found that the methodological quality of the current adaptation was uneven, and the report of measurement attribute results was not comprehensive. We recommend higher quality German, Italian and Chinese adaptation.
Overcoming Delayed Diagnosis of Chronic Invasive Fungal Sinusitis in the Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Le John Minh , Patel Kirav , Murdock Kyle , Kase Michael , Ying Yedeh Paul
Published: October 2023

Study Design

Case report.

Objective

To highlight the diagnostic and treatment dilemma associated with chronic invasive fungal sinusitis (CIFS) in the immunocompetent individual.

Methods

The patient was initially treated for chronic bacterial sinusitis with antibiotic therapy and multiple surgical debridement with no evidence of fungal organisms. Following the completion of the left partial maxillectomy, mucormycosis was finally identified on histopathology, and the appropriate antimicrobial therapy was initiated. During this time, the patient received an interim maxillary obturator for speech and oral function. Following the resolution of CIFS, a computed tomography (CT) of the face was obtained for computer-aided surgical planning for a vascularized fibula flap reconstruction with endosseous dental implants using patient-specific surgical cutting guides and a reconstruction plate.

Results

Optimal esthetic and functional outcomes were achieved following the placement of the definitive dental prosthesis. The patient remained free of disease and without pain 2 years postoperatively.

Conclusions

Chronic invasive fungal sinusitis in the immunocompetent patient remains rare; however, delayed diagnosis can lead to inadequate treatment and extensive soft and hard tissue necrosis. Obtaining sufficient tissue sampling is essential for a definitive diagnosis of CIFS. This report demonstrates the challenge in diagnosing CIFS and the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to treat CIFS associated with extensive involvement of the maxilla.
The association of eicosanoids and eicosanoid-related metabolites with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: McNeill Jenna N. , Roshandelpoor Athar , Alotaibi Mona , Choudhary Arrush , Jain Mohit , Cheng Susan , Zarbafian Shahrooz , Lau Emily S. , Lewis Gregory D. , Ho Jennifer E.
Published: October 2023

Background

Eicosanoids are bioactive lipids that regulate systemic inflammation and exert vasoactive effects. Specific eicosanoid metabolites have previously been associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH), yet their role remains incompletely understood.

Methods

We studied 482 participants with chronic dyspnoea who underwent clinically indicated cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with invasive haemodynamic monitoring. We performed comprehensive profiling of 888 eicosanoids and eicosanoid-related metabolites using directed non-targeted mass spectrometry, and examined associations with PH (mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) >20 mmHg), PH subtypes and physiological correlates, including transpulmonary metabolite gradients.

Results

Among 482 participants (mean±sdage 56±16 years, 62% women), 200 had rest PH. We found 48 eicosanoids and eicosanoid-related metabolites that were associated with PH. Specifically, prostaglandin (11β-dhk-PGF2α), linoleic acid (12,13-EpOME) and arachidonic acid derivatives (11,12-DiHETrE) were associated with higher odds of PH (false discovery rate q<0.05 for all). By contrast, epoxide (8(9)-EpETE), α-linolenic acid (13(S)-HOTrE(γ)) and lipokine derivatives (12,13-DiHOME) were associated with lower odds. Among PH-related eicosanoids, 14 showed differential transpulmonary metabolite gradients, with directionality suggesting that metabolites associated with lower odds of PH also displayed pulmonary artery uptake. In individuals with exercise PH, eicosanoid profiles were intermediate between no PH and rest PH, with six metabolites that differed between rest and exercise PH.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the role of specific eicosanoids, including linoleic acid and epoxide derivatives, as potential regulators of inflammation in PH. Of note, physiological correlates, including transpulmonary metabolite gradients, may prioritise future studies focused on eicosanoid-related pathways as important contributors to PH pathogenesis.
Resveratrol reduces ROS-induced ferroptosis by activating SIRT3 and compensating the GSH/GPX4 pathway
Authors: Wang Xingjie , Shen Tianli , Lian Jie , Deng Kai , Qu Chao , Li Enmeng , Li Gan , Ren Yiwei , Wang Zijun , Jiang Zhengdong , Sun Xuejun , Li Xuqi
Published: October 2023

Background

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs in acute intestinal obstruction, intussusception, acute mesenteric artery embolism, and other diseases and can lead to local intestinal necrosis, distant organ involvement, or systemic reactions, with high morbidity and mortality. Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and inhibition of ferroptosis may provide new approaches for treating the disease. SIRT3 protects cells from oxidative stress and may be involved in the process of ferroptosis. We hypothesized that resveratrol, an agonist of SIRT3, could ameliorate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by compensating the GSH/GPX4 pathway.

Methods

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and Caco-2 hypoxia-reoxygenation models were established. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial function; the Chiu’s score was used to evaluate the degree of intestinal mucosal injury based on HE staining; and Western blot was used to detect the SIRT3/FoxO3a pathway, tight junction proteins and ferroptosis-related protein expression. Sirt3-/- C57, shSIRT3-Caco-2 cells and siFoxO3a-Caco-2 cells were established. C11-BODIPY was used to detect lipid peroxide in cells; FD4 and IFABP were used to detect intestinal permeability; MitoSOX was used to detect ROS levels; and MitoTracker and immunofluorescence colocalization were used to detect SIRT3 levels.

Results

In the intestinal I/R model, I/R injury occurs mainly during the reperfusion period and leads to ferroptosis through the GSH/GPX4 pathway. Resveratrol could reduce ferroptosis and ameliorate I/R injury by activating SIRT3. In Sirt3-/- mice, more intestinal mucosal cells underwent ferroptosis, I/R injury was more severe, and resveratrol lost the ability to ameliorate I/R injury. In addition, hypoxia-reoxygenation increased RSL3-induced ferroptosis sensitivity in Caco-2 cells in vitro. In the presence of shSIRT3 or RSL3 alone, resveratrol could ameliorate Caco-2 ferroptosis, but not RSL3-induced shSIRT3-Caco-2 ferroptosis. Furthermore, resveratrol might activate the SIRT3/FoxO3a pathway, increase the expression of SOD2 and catalase, and inhibit ROS generation, thus reducing lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.

Conclusion

To date, this is the first study to show that resveratrol ameliorates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating SIRT3 and reducing ferroptosis. Resveratrol can reduce intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating the SIRT3/FoxO3a pathway, increasing the expression of SOD2 and catalase, reducing ROS and LPO production, compensating for the GSH/GPX4 pathway and inhibiting ferroptosis.

Graphical abstract