bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serbian musicology after 1945 – main directions
Authors: Milin Melita
Published: July 2014

Displayed are the main achievements of Serbian musicology after World War II, from the modest start when the institutions for learning and research were founded (1948), to nowadays. The first Serbian history of music, written by Stana Đurić-Klajn (1962), was an important event which gave strong impetus to new investigations. The domain of historical musicology has been richest in results during the selected period.
Austrian musicology after World War II
Authors: Boisits Barbara
Published: July 2014

Whereas postwar musicology in Austria was largely dominated by one figure, Erich Schenk, the present situation is quite different: besides musicological institutes at the four traditional universities and the Austrian Academy of Sciences, a number of other institutions have been established, especially within the framework of the University of Music and Performing Arts, as well as of private societies and foundations, all introducing a rich variety of research projects. Nevertheless, there is still some focus on the history of music in Austria with a growing awareness of the problems a national history of music brings along.
Biomimetic Applications of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) Actuators - A Critical Review
Authors: Farid Muhammad , Gang Zhao , Khuong Tran Linh , Sun Zhuang Zhi , Ur Rehman Naveed , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: July 2014

Biomimetic is the field of engineering in which biological creatures and their functions are investigated and are used as the basis for the design and manufacturing of machines. Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) is a smart material which has demonstrated a meaningful bending and tip force after the application of a low voltage. It is light-weighted, flexible, easily actuated, multi-directional applicable and requires simple manufacturing. Resultantly, IPMC has attracted scientists and researchers to analyze it further and consider it for any industrial and biomimetic applications. Presently, the research on IPMC is bi-directional oriented. A few groups of researchers are busy to find out the causes for the weaknesses of the material and to find out any remedy for them. The second class of scientists is exploring new areas of applications where IPMC material can be used. Although, the application zone of IPMC is ranging from micropumps diaphragms to surgical holding devices, this paper provides an overview of the IPMC application in biomimetic and biomedical field.
Sound Insulation Property of Bionic Thin-Walled Stiffened Plate Based on Plants Venations Growth Mechanism
Authors: Wang Wei Yuan , Li Yuan Yuan , Shu Hai Sheng
Published: July 2014

The leaf can be seen as shin plate structures with stiffener(vein) and the venation distributions are closed related to the external environment load. Leaf venation growing algorithm (VGA) is the abstract description of vein growing process and reflects an ideological of learning from nature. This article concerns the sound insulation property of thin-walled stiffened plates. Numerical method is used to analyze three types of plants: non-stiffened plate, traditional stiffened plate and VGA stiffened plate. The VGA stiffened plate optimized by leaf venations growth algorithm method can reflect the influence of venations layout structure on the noise reduction performance of forest belts. The computational model of sound transmission through a stiffened plate excited by a harmonic oblique incident plane wave and mounted in an infinite baffle using the coupled finite element/boundary element approach is presented. The proposed model also takes the acoustic fluid- structure coupling into account. The results show that the sound transmission losses are closely dependent on the natural frequency. The sound transmission losses of bionic thin-walled stiffened plate are 0.17-2.45dB more than that of traditional stiffened plate in the range of 900-2000Hz. It indicated that the layout of stiffeners is an influence factor for noise reduction for plate structures, just like that of vein layout for tree belts. There is a certain merit to use the method of bionic plant leaves for acoustic optimization.
Feminizing Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Distant Metastases: Can Surgery Be Considered?
Authors: Fancellu Alessandro , Pinna Antonio , Porcu Alberto
Published: July 2014

Functioning adrenocortical carcinomas are rare diseases with dismal prognosis. A 41-year-old man presenting with gynecomastia had a giant feminizing adrenocortical carcinoma at stage IV. Although surgical resection was controversial, we removed the primary tumor to reduce the mass effects. He lived for 12 months with an acceptable quality of life. Gynecomastia may be the first sign of feminizing adrenal malignancies. Surgery may ameliorate the quality of life in selected patients with metastatic disease.
Convergence of a mass conserving Allen–Cahn equation whose Lagrange multiplier is nonlocal and local
Authors: Alfaro Matthieu , Alifrangis Pierre
Published: July 2014

We consider the mass conserving Allen–Cahn equation proposed in [8]: the Lagrange multiplier which ensures the conservation of the mass contains not only nonlocal but also local effects (in contrast with [14]). As a parameter related to the thickness of a diffuse internal layer tends to zero, we perform formal asymptotic expansions of the solution. Then, equipped with this approximate solution, we rigorously prove the convergence to the volume preserving mean curvature flow, under the assumption that a classical solution of the latter exists. This requires a precise analysis of the error between the actual and the approximate Lagrange multipliers.
Lakes and rivers in the landscape: A quasi-variational inequality approach
Authors: Barrett John W. , Prigozhin Leonid
Published: July 2014

We consider an evolutionary quasi-variational inequality arising in a simplified model of a network of lakes and rivers forming upon a given relief of the Earth.We regularize this model and derive its finite element approximation, in which the water flow is confined to the mesh edges. The primal and mixed formulations of the discretized quasi-variational inequality are used in the numerical simulations. The corresponding steady state problems are also analyzed. Finally, we compare this approach to the lattice algorithms employed in geographic information systems for the automatic extraction of river networks from digital elevation data, and derive similar algorithms for our approximation.
Trends in stratospheric ozone derived from merged SAGE II and Odin-OSIRIS satellite observations
Authors: Bourassa A. E. , Degenstein D. A. , Randel W. J. , Zawodny J. M. , Kyrölä E. , McLinden C. A. , Sioris C. E. , Roth C. Z.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Stratospheric ozone profile measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment~(SAGE) II satellite instrument (1984–2005) are combined with those from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) instrument on the Odin satellite (2001–Present) to quantify interannual variability and decadal trends in stratospheric ozone between 60° S and 60° N. These data are merged into a multi-instrument, long-term stratospheric ozone record (1984–present) by analyzing the measurements during the overlap period of 2002–2005 when both satellite instruments were operational. The variability in the deseasonalized time series is fit using multiple linear regression with predictor basis functions including the quasi-biennial oscillation, El Niño–Southern Oscillation index, solar activity proxy, and the pressure at the tropical tropopause, in addition to two linear trends (one before and one after 1997), from which the decadal trends in ozone are derived. From 1984 to 1997, there are statistically significant negative trends of 5–10% per decade throughout the stratosphere between approximately 30 and 50 km. From 1997 to present, a statistically significant recovery of 3–8% per decade has taken place throughout most of the stratosphere with the notable exception between 40° S and 40° N below approximately 22 km where the negative trend continues. The recovery is not significant between 25 and 35 km altitudes when accounting for a conservative estimate of instrument drift.
A skill assessment of the biogeochemical model REcoM2 coupled to the finite element sea-ice ocean model (FESOM 1.3)
Authors: Schourup-Kristensen V. , Sidorenko D. , Wolf-Gladrow D. A. , Völker C.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. In coupled ocean-biogeochemical models, the choice of numerical schemes in the ocean circulation component can have a large influence on the distribution of the biological tracers. Biogeochemical models are traditionally coupled to ocean general circulation models (OGCMs), which are based on dynamical cores employing quasi regular meshes, and therefore utilize limited spatial resolution in a global setting. An alternative approach is to use an unstructured-mesh ocean model, which allows variable mesh resolution. Here, we present initial results of a coupling between the Finite Element Sea-ice Ocean Model (FESOM) and the biogeochemical model REcoM2, with special focus on the Southern Ocean. Surface fields of nutrients, chlorophyll a and net primary production were compared to available data sets with focus on spatial distribution and seasonal cycle. The model produced realistic spatial distributions, especially regarding net primary production and chlorophyll a, whereas the iron concentration became too low in the Pacific Ocean. The modelled net primary production was 32.5 Pg C yr−1 and the export production 6.1 Pg C yr−1. This is lower than satellite-based estimates, mainly due to the excessive iron limitation in the Pacific along with too little coastal production. Overall, the model performed better in the Southern Ocean than on the global scale, though the assessment here is hindered by the lower availability of observations. The modelled net primary production was 3.1 Pg C yr−1 in the Southern Ocean and the export production 1.1 Pg C yr−1. All in all, the combination of a circulation model on an unstructured grid with an ocean biogeochemical model shows similar performance to other models at non-eddy-permitting resolution. It is well suited for studies of the Southern Ocean, but on the global scale deficiencies in the Pacific Ocean would have to be taken into account.
The surface thermal signature and air–sea coupling over the Agulhas rings propagating in the South Atlantic Ocean interior
Authors: Souza J. M. A. C. , Chapron B. , Autret E.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The surface signature of Agulhas rings propagating across the South Atlantic Ocean is observed based on three independent data sets: Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System/Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) (TMI/AMSR-E) satellite sea surface temperature, Argo profiling floats and a merged winds product derived from scatterometer observations and reanalysis results. A persistent pattern of cold (negative) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eddy core, with warm (positive) anomalies at the boundary, is revealed. This pattern contrasts with the classical idea of a warm core anticyclone. Taking advantage of a moving reference frame corresponding to the altimetry-detected Agulhas rings, modifications of the surface winds by the ocean-induced currents and SST gradients are evaluated using satellite SST and wind observations. As obtained, the averaged stationary thermal expression and mean eddy-induced circulation are coupled to the marine atmospheric boundary layer, leading to surface wind anomalies. Consequently, an average Ekman pumping associated with these mean surface wind variations consistently emerges. This average Ekman pumping is found to explain very well the SST anomaly signatures of the detected Agulhas rings. Particularly, this mechanism seems to be the key factor determining that these anticyclonic eddies exhibit stationary imprints of cold SST anomalies near their core centers. A residual phase with the maximum sea surface height (SSH) anomaly and wind speed anomaly is found to the right of the mean wind direction, apparently maintaining a coherent stationary thermal expression coupled to the marine atmospheric boundary layer.
An experimental study of pyroxene crystallization during rapid cooling in a thermal gradient: application to komatiites
Authors: Bouquain S. , Arndt N. T. , Faure F. , Libourel G.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. To investigate the crystallization of pyroxene in spinifex-textured komatiites, we undertook a series of experiments in which compositions in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 CMAS system were cooled rapidly in a thermal gradient. Cooling rates were generally between 5 and 10 °C h−1, but some runs were made at 100–200 °C h−1; thermal gradients were between 10 and 20 °C cm−1. These conditions reproduced those at various depths in the crust of komatiite lava flow. The starting composition was chosen to have pigeonite on the liquidus, and most of the experimental charges crystallized zoned pigeonite–diopside crystals like those in komatiite lavas. An intriguing aspect of the experimental results was their lack of reproducibility. Some experiments crystallized forsterite, whereas others that were run under similar conditions crystallized two pyroxenes and no forsterite; some experiments were totally glassy, but others crystallized entirely to pyroxene. The degree of supercooling at the onset of pyroxene crystallization was variable, from less than 25 °C to more than 110 °C. We attribute these results to the difficulty of nucleation of pyroxene under the conditions of the experiments. In some cases forsterite crystallized metastably and modified the liquid composition to inhibit pyroxene crystallization; in others no nucleation took place until a large degree of supercooling was achieved, and then pyroxene crystallized rapidly. Pigeonite crystallized under a wide range of conditions, at cooling rates from 3 to 100 °C h−1. The notion that this mineral only forms at low cooling rates is not correct.
Influence of meltwater input on the skill of decadal forecast of sea ice in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Zunz V. , Goosse H.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Recent studies have investigated the potential link between the freshwater input derived from the melting of the Antarctic ice sheet and the observed recent increase in sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean. In this study, we assess the impact of an additional freshwater flux on the trend in sea ice extent and concentration in a simulation with data assimilation, spanning the period 1850–2009, as well as in retrospective forecasts (hindcasts) initialised in 1980. In a simulation with data assimilation, including an additional freshwater flux that follows an autoregressive process improves the reconstruction of the trend in ice extent and concentration between 1980 and 2009. This is partly due to a better representation of the freshwater cycle in the Southern Ocean, but the additional flux could also compensate for some model deficiencies. In addition, it modifies the simulated mean state of the sea ice. A hindcast initialised from this shifted state has to be forced by an additional freshwater flux with an amplitude similar to the one included in the simulation with data assimilation in order to avoid a model drift. This points out the importance of the experimental design that has to be consistent between the simulation used to compute the initial state and the hindcast initialised from this initial state. The hindcast including this constant additional freshwater flux provides trends in sea ice extent and concentration that are in satisfying agreement with satellite observations. This thus constitutes encouraging results for sea ice predictions in the Southern Ocean. In our simulation, the positive trend in ice extent over the last 30 years is largely determined by the state of the system in the late 1970's. No increase in meltwater flux from Antarctica is required.
Mulheres marcadas: prostituição, ordem e exclusão
Authors: Sacramento Octávio , Ribeiro Manuela
Published: July 2014

En el artículo debatimos los procesos estigmatizantes sobre las mujeres que ejercen la prostitución de club en el segmento de la frontera Ibérica situado entre los ejes transfronterizos Montalegre-Xinzo de Limia y Bragança-Alcañices/Zamora. Desde la perspectiva del interaccionismo simbólico sobre la estigmatización como proyección relacional inscrita en disensiones entre actores o grupos ubicados en diferentes cuadrantes morales, consideramos como objetivos principales: (i) mapear dinámicas sociales de producción de estereotipos peyorativos sobre la prostitución, (ii) interpretar sentidos presentes en las acciones estigmatizantes, (iii) comprender la relevancia de la etnicidad y de la corporeidad de las mujeres visadas en la activación/refuerzo de estas acciones, (iv) identificar algunos de los efectos generados por la represión interpersonal e institucional del sexo mercantil, (v) mostrar la omnipresencia del estigma puta como forma de violencia simbólica sobre las mujeres en general, disciplinando cuerpos y comportamientos. Buscamos, de este modo, la comprensión de la mecánica social, contenidos, razones, consecuencias y amplitud de los estigmas dirigidos a las trabajadoras sexuales, teniendo presente que ahí residen muchos de sus mayores problemas y, por lo tanto, muchos de los desafíos prioritarios que se colocan a la intervención social en el ámbito de la prostitución.
Una aproximación a las situaciones de desprotección social en la población infanto-juvenil de origen extranjero, sobrevenidas en el actual contexto de crisis económica y precarización del Sistema de Protección a la Infancia y Adolescencia de Navarra.
Authors: Gurbindo Marin Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2014

¿Deben asociarse las situaciones de desprotección-conflicto social únicamente a la mayor o menor capacidad protectora de las figuras parentales? O, por el contrario, ¿deberíamos tener en cuenta la presencia de otras situaciones sobrevenidas? Situaciones, hechos o circunstancias que por su naturaleza dan lugar a espacios de desprotección, más allá de la voluntad de las figuras parentales de referencia. Si esto es así, estaríamos hablando de un sistema de Protección de la Infancia y Adolescencia con criterios de responsabilidad compartida. En ese caso, cabría preguntarse ¿qué otras figuras, agentes, instituciones o sistemas tienen una implicación directa en el ámbito de la protección a la infancia? y ¿qué grado de responsabilidad adquiere cada una de ellas? La respuesta, en el actual contexto de crisis socioeconómica y más allá del discurso político, cobra una mayor complejidad si cabe, en la medida en que sitúa el marco de la protección de la infancia en un espacio jurídico-social marcado por el cambio del paradigma asistencial, al paradigma de los derechos subjetivos.
De la supervisión educativa a la profesional
Authors: Berasaluze Correo Ainhoa , Ariño altuna Miren
Published: July 2014

En este artículo pretendemos reflexionar sobre la supervisión educativa y profesional como una metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje, donde la educativa se trabaja durante la etapa formativa y la profesional una vez finalizada la formación e iniciada la actividad profesional. Desde este punto de vista, se trata de dos modalidades de supervisión que, compartiendo gran parte de los elementos constitutivos, se caracterizan fundamentalmente por la finalidad y las funciones específica de cada una de ellas. De cara a contrastar dicha aseveración, y tomando la supervisión educativa como el eje vertebrador sobre el que gira la reflexión, trataremos de identificar e incorporaremos elementos que habitualmente se utilizan en la supervisión profesional, pero que, sin duda, pueden ser empleados en el desarrollo del proceso de supervisión educativa. Nuestro propósito, por lo tanto, es aproximarnos a la supervisión educativa como un tipo de intervención inicial propio de las profesiones de ayuda durante la etapa de formación y que, una vez finalizados los estudios e iniciada la actividad profesional, se le da continuidad con la supervisión profesional.
Desafios postos ao exercício profissional do Serviço Social no Brasil em tempos de globalização neoliberal
Authors: Ribeiro Edaléa Maria
Published: July 2014

O presente estudo teórico busca apresentar um panorama do exercício profissional no Brasil, em tempos de globalização neoliberal. Para tanto, faz uma breve introdução sobre significado e trajetória da profissão, apresenta o debate sobre globalização neoliberal e seus impactos em solo brasileiro. Aponta uma série de questões que estão colocadas para o profissional de serviço social nos tempos atuais e por fim discorre sobre os desafios postos à profissão.
Tick as Appropriate: (A) Gay, (B) Queer, or (C) None of the Above: Translation and Sexual Politics in Lawrence Venuti's A Hundred Strokes of the Brush Before Bed
Authors: Bassi Serena
Published: July 2014

This article focuses on Lawrence Venuti's English translation of Cento colpi di spazzola prima di andare a dormire (2003) and in particular on the representation of a queer character in the text. To understand the ethical implications of translating representations and constructions of “gay identity” today, attention needs to be paid to the translation and global circulation of American popular culture and particularly, to an emerging politic of “homonormativity” in mainstream U.S. gay cultural production. In the case of Venuti's translation, as a result of a series of translation choices, a character who articulates an ambiguous and contradictory sexual and gender identity in the source text becomes, in the target text, more clearly coded as “homonormative.” The article argues that in the field of translation studies greater attention needs to be paid to articulations of queerness coming from non-English-speaking cultures and how these get rewritten and manipulated when translated into English.
Why James Taggart Is No Prince Charming
Authors: Breashears Caroline
Published: July 2014

This article examines how and why Ayn Rand uses fairy tales as intertexts in her novels. It argues that she evokes and revises fairy tales to exemplify the metaphysical values that her novels resist. For Rand, fairy tales like “Cinderella” are problematic because they typically endorse conventionality over the truly heroic. She therefore associates them with secondhanders and villains. She rejects their message that mindless conformity leads to happily-ever-after, and she exposes how fairy tales can be formidable vehicles for promoting the senseless. She reinforces her point by contrasting them with her revisions of myths, which she associates with heroes.
The Problem with Selfishness
Authors: Enright Marsha Familaro
Published: July 2014

Ayn Rand argued that “selfish” is the correct designation for a person living according to the Objectivist ethics and that selfishness is a virtue. The accuracy of this claim is examined along with the meaning of “selfish,” the wider implications for the Objectivist ethics, and ethics in general. Alternatives to the term are suggested.
Conhecimento ambiental: indagações sobre o novo campo
Authors: De Souza-Lima José Edmilson
Published: July 2014

No contexto do debate socioambiental contemporâneo, o objetivo deste artigo é indagar sobre os fatores condicionantes (sobretudo os obstáculos) dos processos de constituição do campo de conhecimento ambiental. Em termos metodológicos, as indagações são feitas a partir de um eixo epistêmico (centrado na ideia de coevolução), seguidas de desdobramentos teóricos (centrados na ideia de coexistência) e metodológicos (centrados na interdisciplinaridade) reivindicados pelo próprio campo emergente. A despeito de explicitar alguns elementos constituintes do novo campo, a contribuição central do artigo é a constatação de que o fundamento epistêmico reducionista, a despeito de ser um dos principais obstáculos epistemológicos a ser superado, não consegue conter os processos de constituição do novo campo de conhecimento ambiental.
Percepção ambiental de produtores rurais na recuperação florestal da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim – Sergipe
Authors: Gonçalves Bruno Villaça , Gomes Laura Jane
Published: July 2014

No Estado de Sergipe, a área remanescente de Mata Atlântica está estimada em aproximadamente 9% de sua área original. Dentre as áreas de vegetação mais impactadas estão as nascentes e matas ciliares dos rios. Neste sentido, algumas ações vêm sendo desenvolvidas como forma de reverter esse quadro de degradação, como políticas públicas e projetos de recuperação florestal. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a percepção ambiental dos produtores rurais que participaram do Programa Preservando Nascentes e Municípios na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim, Sergipe. Foram realizadas entrevistas com onze produtores rurais envolvidos nas ações de recuperação florestal. Os dados foram analisados com base na metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os resultados indicam que os projetos de recuperação florestal devem estar vinculados a propostas mais amplas, a exemplo das questões produtivas.
Reflexos do novo Código Florestal nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente – APPs – urbanas
Authors: Azevedo Ruy Emmanuel Silva de , Oliveira Vládia Pinto Vidal de
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar as principais repercussões do novo Código Florestal nas áreas de preservação permanente – APPs – situadas em zonas urbanas. Inicialmente, o trabalho apresenta o histórico normativo do conceito jurídico denominado área de preservação permanente – APP. O trabalho aponta que o novo Código Florestal advém da Lei nº 12.651/2012, alterada em diversos pontos durante a tramitação no Congresso Nacional e pelos vetos da Presidenta da República. Nesse contexto, o artigo demonstra que o atual panorama de proteção estabelecido pelo novo Código Florestal para as APPs visa atender interesses de ordem socioeconômica em detrimento de outros relacionados com a proteção ambiental. O trabalho demonstra que o novo Código Florestal, em comparação com código florestal anterior e com a Resolução CONAMA nº 369/2006, aumentou as hipóteses excepcionais de utilidade pública e de interesse social, aptos a autorizar intervenções em APPs. Além disso, para intervenções em APPs nos casos de utilidade pública e de interesse social já elencados no novo Código Florestal, diferentemente da legislação anterior, não mais se exige a comprovação de inexistência de alternativa locacional. O trabalho efetua análise específica das principais inovações do novo Código Florestal, nos casos de utilidade pública e de interesse social, que impactam de forma mais significativa nas APPs urbanas. Ao final, o artigo constata que as medidas implementadas pelo novo Código Florestal, no que tange aos casos de utilização de APPs urbanas em situações de utilidade pública e de interesse social, visaram flexibilizar a proteção ambiental e privilegiar interesses econômicos e sociais.
Aspectos normativos a respeito de resíduos de construção civil: uma pesquisa exploratória da situação no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Paschoalin Filho João Alexandre , Guerner Dias Antonio Jose , Cortes Pedro Luis
Published: July 2014

A construção civil é um dos setores econômicos que primeiro responde a estímulos e condições favoráveis da economia de um país. Este ramo industrial também é um importante agente de desenvolvimento nacional, pois é responsável por grande parte do emprego gerado nacionalmente, além de ter um papel fundamental na redução do déficit habitacional e de infraestrutura. Contudo, esta indústria está também ligada à geração de grandes volumes de resíduos que, muitas vezes, são destinados de forma inadequada, causando impactos aomeio ambiente, tanto natural quanto urbano. A essa situação soma-se ainda a grande necessidade de utilização de matérias-primas naturais por parte deste setor produtivo, o que aumenta o impacto ambiental de suas atividades. Tanto no Brasil como em Portugal, o setor da construção civil se destaca promovendo benefícios econômicos e sociais. Entretanto, ambos os países enfrentam a mesma problemática em relação aos volumes de resíduos gerados, além da destinação e manejo realizados de forma inadequada. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre os aspectos normativos e legislações que regem a geração, o manejo e a gestão de resíduos de construção civil no Brasil e em Portugal, de forma a encontrar pontos em comum entre ambas as nações. Por meio das informações coletadas, verifica-se que ambos os países têm mecanismos legislativos e normativos com o objetivo comum de regular e fiscalizar a geração e a destinação dos resíduos de construção e demolição. Entretanto, ressalta-se que a discussão da problemática em torno dos resíduos de construção ainda carece de amadurecimento nos dois países.
Proposta de criação de espaços territoriais a serem especialmente protegidos em uma zona de recarga do Sistema Aquífero Guarani no município de Ribeirão Preto, SP
Authors: Campanhão Ligia Maria Barrios , Fontes Aurélio Teodoro , Souza Marcelo Pereira de
Published: July 2014

O Sistema Aquífero Guarani (SAG) é considerado um dos maiores depósitos de água subterrânea do planeta e a maior parte de sua área está situada em território brasileiro. Em Ribeirão Preto, SP, o SAG aflora na zona leste do município, que o utiliza para o abastecimento urbano. Por outro lado, a presença de passivos ambientais e a impermeabilização do solo causada pela urbanização são uma ameaça à conservação do SAG no município, necessitando de medidas de gestão ambiental para garantir a qualidade e a quantidade da água do aquífero. Com vistas à conservação do SAG, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar a potencialidade de aplicação de espaços territoriais especialmente protegidos (ETEPs), tais como reservas legais (RL), área de preservação permanente (APP), Unidades de Conservação (UC), em áreas consideradas prioritárias pelo estudo de localização realizado por Bircol (2012). Os resultados apontam para um mosaico de ETEPs designados em função das características de cada local. Das 30 áreas estudadas, cinco foram enquadradas como UCs de Proteção Integral, oito em UCs de Uso Sustentável, oito em Zonas de Proteção Máxima (ZPM) e nove em parques urbanos públicos destinados ao lazer e à educação ambiental. Este trabalho mostrou que a instituição de ETEPs pode representar uma alternativa para buscar a conservação de uma das maiores reservas de água subterrânea do mundo, o Sistema Aquífero Guarani, compatibilizando a proteção com o desenvolvimento econômico e social.
O vencedor leva tudo: a corrida chinesa por recursos e seu significado para o mundo
Authors: Guimarães Glauco Leonardo Evangelista
Published: July 2014

Resenha do Livro:MOYO, Dambisa – O vencedor leva tudo: a corrida chinesa por recursos e seu significado para o mundo. Tradução Cássio de Arantes Leite. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2013. 255p. Traduzido do original Winner Take All (New York: Basic Books, 2012). ISBN 978-85-390-0480-5.
AtDeg2 – a chloroplast protein with dual protease/chaperone activity
Authors: Jagodzik Przemysław , Adamiec Małgorzata , Jackowski Grzegorz
Published: July 2014

Chloroplast protease AtDeg2 (an ATP-independent serine endopeptidase) is cytosolically synthesized as a precursor, which is imported into the chloroplast stroma and deprived of its transit peptide. Then the mature protein undergoes routing to its functional location at the stromal side of thylakoid membrane. In its linear structure AtDeg2 molecule contains the protease domain with catalytic triad (HDS) and two PDZ domains (PDZ1 and PDZ2). In vivo AtDeg2 most probably exists as a supposedly inactive haxamer, which may change its oligomeric stage to form active 12-mer, or 24-mer. AtDeg2 has recently been demonstrated to exhibit dual protease/chaperone function. This review is focused on the current awareness with regard to AtDeg2 structure and functional significance.
Preslip and cascade processes initiating laboratory stick slip
Authors: McLaskey Gregory C. , Lockner David A.
Published: July 2014

Recent modeling studies have explored whether earthquakes begin with a large aseismic nucleation process or initiate dynamically from the rapid growth of a smaller instability in a “cascade‐up” process. To explore such a case in the laboratory, we study the initiation of dynamic rupture (stick slip) of a smooth saw‐cut fault in a 76 mm diameter cylindrical granite laboratory sample at 40–120 MPa confining pressure. We use a high dynamic range recording system to directly compare the seismic waves radiated during the stick‐slip event to those radiated from tiny (M −6) discrete seismic events, commonly known as acoustic emissions (AEs), that occur in the seconds prior to each large stick slip. The seismic moments, focal mechanisms, locations, and timing of the AEs all contribute to our understanding of their mechanics and provide us with information about the stick‐slip nucleation process. In a sequence of 10 stick slips, the first few microseconds of the signals recorded from stick‐slip instabilities are nearly indistinguishable from those of premonitory AEs. In this sense, it appears that each stick slip begins as an AE event that rapidly (~20 µs) grows about 2 orders of magnitude in linear dimension and ruptures the entire 150 mm length of the simulated fault. We also measure accelerating fault slip in the final seconds before stick slip. We estimate that this slip is at least 98% aseismic and that it both weakens the fault and produces AEs that will eventually cascade‐up to initiate the larger dynamic rupture.
Effect of Weather on Back Pain: Results From a Case‐Crossover Study
Authors: Steffens Daniel , Maher Chris G. , Li Qiang , Ferreira Manuela L. , Pereira Leani S. M. , Koes Bart W. , Latimer Jane
Published: July 2014

Objective

To investigate the influence of various weather conditions on risk of low back pain.

Methods

We conducted a case‐crossover study in primary care clinics in Sydney, Australia. A total of 993 consecutive patients with a sudden, acute episode of back pain were recruited from October 2011 to November 2012. Following the pain onset, demographic and clinical data about the back pain episode were obtained for each participant during an interview. Weather parameters (temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed, wind gust, wind direction, and precipitation) were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for the entire study period. Weather exposures in the case window (time when participants first noticed their back pain) were compared to exposures in 2 control time windows (same time duration, 1 week and 1 month before the case window).

Results

Temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind direction, and precipitation showed no association with onset of back pain. Higher wind speed (odds ratio [OR] 1.17 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.04–1.32], P = 0.01 for an increase of 11 km/hour) and wind gust (OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.02–1.28], P = 0.02 for an increase of 14 km/hour) increased the odds of pain onset.

Conclusion

Weather parameters that have been linked to musculoskeletal pain such as temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and precipitation do not increase the risk of a low back pain episode. Higher wind speed and wind gust speed provided a small increase in risk of back pain, and although this reached statistical significance, the magnitude of the increase was not clinically important.
Retrospective cohort study of 205 cases with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II: Definition of clinical and molecular spectrum and identification of new diagnostic scores
Authors: Russo Roberta , Gambale Antonella , Langella Concetta , Andolfo Immacolata , Unal Sule , Iolascon Achille
Published: July 2014

Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia II (CDA II) is a rare hyporegenerative anemia of variable degree, whose causative gene is SEC23B. More than 60 causative mutations in 142 independent pedigrees have been described so far. However, the prevalence of the CDA II is probably underestimated, since its clinical spectrum was not yet well‐defined and thus it is often misdiagnosed with more frequent clinically‐related anemias. This study represents the first meta‐analysis on clinical and molecular spectrum of CDA II from the largest cohort of cases ever described. We characterized 41 new cases and 18 mutations not yet associated to CDA II, thus expanding the global series to 205 cases (172 unrelated) and the total number of causative variants to 84. The 68.3% of patients are included in our International Registry of CDA II (Napoli, Italy). A genotype–phenotype correlation in three genotypic groups of patients was assessed. To quantify the degree of severity in each patient, a method based on ranking score was performed. We introduced a clinical index to easily discriminate patients with a well‐compensated hemolytic anemia from those with ineffective erythropoiesis. Finally, the worldwide geographical distribution of SEC23B alleles highlighted the presence of multiple founder effects in different areas of the world. Am. J. Hematol. 89:E169–E175, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of multi‐level honeycomb‐structured porous films by control of spraying atomized water droplets
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Chen Huawei , Zhang Deyuan
Published: July 2014

Honeycomb‐structured porous films have been widely applied in various industrial areas such as chemical sensors, tissue engineering, and micro reactors. In this article, one novel self‐assembly approach is proposed to fabricate well‐ordered polyphenylene oxide honeycomb films by a facile control of spraying ultrasonic humidifier atomized water droplets. Proper spraying retention time is necessary for porous films formation with highly uniform pore size. The effect of atomized water droplets flux on the pore size and the regularity of the hexagonal arrays were experimentally investigated. The pore size became larger with increasing the solution concentration. Especially, honeycomb films with two‐level pores were fabricated by spraying atomized water droplets two times and the influence of interval time on the two‐level honeycomb films formation was investigated. Apart from analysis of structural characteristics, self‐assembly mechanism was also discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41163.
Acidochromicity of a low‐molecular‐weight pyrimidine‐based copolymer
Authors: Mamtimin Xirali , Tursun Abduwasit , Matsidik Rukiya , Sidik Sayyare , Abdulla Kamarnisa , Mamut Hayrulla , Obulda Ablikim , Nurulla Ismayil
Published: July 2014

A new type of low‐molecular‐weight polypyrimidine in a π‐conjugated main chain was prepared by a Grignard reaction between 2‐amino‐4,6‐dichloropyrimidine and 1,4‐dibromo‐2,5‐didodecyloxybenzene in the presence of [1,2‐Bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane]dichloronickel(II). The structure of the copolymer was fully elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, and elemental analysis. The copolymer had good solubility in common organic solvents. The copolymer displayed a bathochromic shift when protonated with an organic or inorganic acid in chloroform or tetrahydrofuran. The copolymer depicted facile p‐doping and good electron‐transporting electrochemical properties in a 1M H2SO4 aqueous solution. The copolymer showed a narrow polydispersity of 1.04. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the copolymer had a certain thermal stability with no decomposition at a temperature of 250°C under N2. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41174.
A rapid and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of Pulsatilla saponin D in rat plasma and its application in a rat pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study
Authors: Ouyang Hui , Guo Yicheng , He Mingzhen , Zhang Jinlian , Huang Xiaofang , Zhou Xin , Jiang Hongliang , Feng Yulin , Yang Shilin
Published: July 2014

A simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of Pulsatilla saponin D, a potential antitumor constituent isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis in rat plasma. Rat plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with methanol. The method validation was performed in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The method was successfully applied to assess the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of Pulsatilla saponin D in rats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Newly established ELISA for N‐ERC/mesothelin improves diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Sato Tadashi , Suzuki Yohei , Mori Takanori , Maeda Masahiro , Abe Masaaki , Hino Okio , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: July 2014

Pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor, commonly caused by exposure to asbestos. The prognosis of mesothelioma remains disappointing despite multimodal treatment. We reported previously that N‐ERC/mesothelin could be a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma and developed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for its detection. However, the reproducibility of our previous 7–16 ELISA system has been revealed to be unsatisfactory. To measure N‐ERC/mesothelin more precisely, we developed a new 7–20 ELISA system. The subjects of this study were patients who were referred to our department with suspected pleural mesothelioma. The current study demonstrated that the newly established 7–20 ELISA system improved the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing pleural mesothelioma compared with the previous system. Moreover, the 7–20 ELISA system showed better reproducibility and displayed the tendency of both higher sensitivity and higher specificity in plasma than in serum. Particularly for the epithelioid type, the area under the curve (AUC) and the diagnostic accuracy of N‐ERC/mesothelin were excellent; the AUC was 0.91, the sensitivity was 0.95, and the specificity was 0.76 in plasma. In conclusion, assessment of N‐ERC/mesothelin with our newly established 7–20 ELISA system is clinically useful for the precise diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma.
T‐CrAsH: A Heterologous Chemical Crosslinker
Authors: Rutkowska Anna , Plass Tilman , Hoffmann Jan‐Erik , Yushchenko Dmytro A. , Feng Suihan , Schultz Carsten
Published: July 2014

Copper‐free click chemistry is currently the most promising and most rapidly developing technology for performing tailored chemical reactions inside intact living cells and animals. Its potential is particularly intensely explored in the field of live cell imaging, for both proteins and metabolites. Here we expand the application spectrum of click reactions to the chemical crosslinking of two proteins of choice in living cells. By combining strain‐promoted Diels–Alder cycloaddition with FlAsH‐based labeling of peptidic tetracysteine motifs, we developed the membrane‐permeating reversible crosslinker T‐CrAsH. We demonstrate the feasibility of the method both in vitro and inside cells. The biggest advantage of this new tool is the small size of the crosslinkable groups; this significantly decreases the risk of functional interference.
Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis der Relevanz des Chemieunterrichts
Authors: Stuckey Marc , Sperling Jan P. , Hofstein Avi , Mamlok‐Naaman Rachel , Eilks Ingo
Published: July 2014

„Relevanz“ ist ein häufig gebrauchter Begriff im Zusammenhang mit naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung. Oftmals heißt es, das Lernen der Naturwissenschaften – insbesondere auch von Chemie – müsse relevanter oder die Relevanz naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung den Lernenden besser verdeutlicht werden. Vielfach wird dies damit begründet, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler den Chemieunterricht als wenig relevant empfinden. Doch was ist eigentlich gemeint, wenn wir von Relevanz im Zusammenhang mit Chemieunterricht sprechen? Dieser Artikel diskutiert verschiedene Bedeutungen des Begriffs ‚Relevanz‘ im Zusammenhang naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung und schlägt, aus der Literatur abgeleitet, eine Definition und ein Modell für das Verständnis dieses Begriffes vor. Berichtet wird auch über einen ersten Beitrag zur Prüfung des Modells in einer Gruppendiskussionsstudie mit Lehramtsstudenten und Lehrkräften. Insgesamt zeigte sich das Modell als tragfähig. Die Studie erlaubt aber auch Einblicke in die Gewichtung der verschiedenen Dimensionen von Relevanz naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung bei angehenden und erfahrenen Chemielehrkräften.
Discovery of Natural Products Possessing Selective Eukaryotic Readthrough Activity: 3‐epi‐Deoxynegamycin and Its Leucine Adduct
Authors: Taguchi Akihiro , Hamada Keisuke , Kotake Masaya , Shiozuka Masataka , Nakaminami Hidemasa , Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai , Takayama Kentaro , Yakushiji Fumika , Noguchi Norihisa , Usui Takeo , Matsuda Ryoichi , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: July 2014

Herein we report the first discovery of natural readthrough products that do not display antimicrobial activity. Two natural negamycins, 3‐epi‐deoxynegamycin and its leucine adduct, isolated 37 years ago, were found to be potent readthrough agents against nonsense mutations of eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes, without displaying antimicrobial activity. These results suggest that the compounds are valuable leads for the development of readthrough drugs against nonsense‐mediated genetic diseases without the potential for contributing to the emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria.
Solid silica nanoparticles: applications in molecular imaging
Authors: Shirshahi Vahid , Soltani Madjid
Published: July 2014

Silica and silica‐based nanoparticles have been widely used for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in cancer mainly through delivery of drugs, genes and contrast agents. Development of synthesis methods has provided the possibility of fabricating silica nanoparticles with different sizes in nanometer ranges as well as silica‐based multimodal nanoparticles with many innovative properties and intriguing applications in biomedicine. The surface of silica particles facilitates different methods of surface modifications and allows conjugation of various biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. In this review, different methods of fabrication of silica and silica‐based nanoparticles, their surface modification and the application of these nanoparticles in molecular imaging are discussed. Overall, the aim of this review is to address the development of silica and silica‐based multifunctional nanoparticles that are introduced mainly for molecular imaging applications using optical, magnetic (MRI), X‐ray (computed tomography) and multimodal imaging techniques. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.