bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate social responsibility: A comparative analysis of methodological approaches
Authors:   T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Zonova Olga V. , Sheveleva Oksana B. ,   T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University
Published: February 2023

Corporate social responsibility is becoming an important condition for a successful business. In this connection, it becomes relevant to assess the level of development of corporate social responsibility, including from the perspective of the social usefulness of the results of the organization's activities. The development of methodological tools is required in connection with the need to assess the current state, planning and forecasting, and generally the management of corporate social responsibility in order to reduce social tension in the organization's management. The study uses the method of comparative analysis. We analyze the methodological approaches to assessing the level of development of corporate social responsibility, both those recommended by representatives of the authorities and those we developed. As a result of the analysis, we identified the advantages and disadvantages of the methodological approaches. In most cases, the limitation of the applicability of the analyzed methodological approaches was the fact that the ongoing qualitative assessment of the level of corporate social responsibility development is reduced to the analysis of indicators depending on the presence or absence of certain criteria. In addition, there is no universal methodological approach for assessing the level of development of corporate social responsibility for organizations at different stages of the life cycle. The analysis lays the foundation for the development of a methodological approach that takes into account the elimination of all identified limitations. We believe that the system of indicators should be invariant depending on the aim and objectives of the study. For example, the system of indicators of corporate social responsibility may include groups of indicators of responsibility to employees, to shareholders, to society. Undoubtedly, any rating system is subjective; nevertheless, the issues of measuring the level of development of corporate social responsibility are as complex as they are relevant. At present, socially responsible organizations are viewed as financially stable and competitive in the market, and their social reports complement the indicators of investment attractiveness. Awareness of this has contributed and promotes: (1) establishment of consensus between representatives of stakeholders; (2) establishment of forms of interaction within the framework of corporate social responsibility; (3) creation of a strong basis for further development and implementation of corporate social responsibility programs.
The current development of audit market in China
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Liu Yali
Published: February 2023

The subject matter of this article is the stages of development of the audit market in China, including the four stages of wild development, regulated development, institutional innovation, and international development. The objective of this article is to analyse the characteristics and different strategies of the Chinese audit market at each stage of development, and to propose feasible recommendations for maintaining a stable development trend of the Chinese audit market in the future. In the course of the research, the author used general scientific methods such as analytical evaluation, comparative analysis, comprehensive evaluation and generalization. Through a comparative analysis of the indicators related to the development of the audit market in China from 1980 to 2020, the results of this article show that each stage of the audit market in China has a focus of development and different strategies. This is mainly reflected in the establishment of industry legislation, the development and growth of accounting firms, exchanges and cooperation with international and regional related organizations, the growth of the audit team, and the rapid growth of audit organizations' business revenues. The conclusion of this article is that the audit market in China has a trend of stable and rapid development. However, in order to maintain the stable and rapid development of the audit market in the future, Chinese small and medium-sized accounting firms need to improve the quality of audit services, enhance brand building, strengthen the professionalism of the audit team, as well as improve the international competitiveness of Chinese local firms.
Features of the formation of tax revenues of the EAEU member states
Authors:   Polessky State University, Grechishkina Elena A. , Samokhovets Maria P. ,   Polessky State University
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the quantitative characteristics of the tax systems of the EAEU member states. The authors analyze the composition, structure and dynamics of tax revenues of the consolidated budgets of the EAEU member states (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia) and rank the tax revenues of the EAEU member states in 2020. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors draw conclusions about national characteristics and similar features of the formation of state budget revenues from tax revenues in these countries.
Comparative analysis of the implementation of forms of property in Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Sarinova Alfiya Zhumabayevna
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the origins and causes of social inequality, and labor incomes of the population. In the conditions of economic development, a set of measures is required to overcome social proportions. The article compares statistical indicators of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of fixed assets, the average annual number of people employed in the economy by form of ownership, as well as the distribution of enterprises and organizations by form of ownership. The study focuses on the above-mentioned statistical indicators of foreign ownership in both countries. The data of official statistics on the distribution of the authorized capital (fund) of organizations by types of economic activity by shareholders (founders) are analyzed; comparative characteristics are given in the context of spheres of activity. The indicators of the fund's shares are compared, and the following areas of activity are affected: mining, extraction of crude oil and natural gas, extraction of metal ores, extraction of other minerals, provision of services in the field of mining, manufacturing, food production, beverage production, tobacco production, textile production, clothing production, manufacturing leather and leather products, wood processing and production of wood and cork products, production of straw products and materials for weaving, production of machinery and equipment not included in other groupings, production of other vehicles and equipment, provision of electric energy, gas and steam; air conditioning, production, transmission and distribution of electricity, production and distribution of gaseous fuels, production of paper and paper products, printing and copying of media, production of coke and petroleum products, production of chemicals and chemical products, production of rubber and plastic products, production of medicines and materials used for medical purposes, production of other non-metallic mineral products, metallurgical production, production of finished metal products, in addition to machinery and equipment, manufacture of computers, electronic and optical products, manufacture of electrical equipment, manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, manufacture of furniture, production, transmission and distribution of steam and hot water, air conditioning, water supply; wastewater disposal, waste collection and disposal, pollution elimination activities, water intake, purification and distribution, waste water collection and treatment, waste collection, treatment and disposal, processing of secondary raw materials, services in the field of pollution elimination, and other services.
Analysis of the potential of human development and the mutual influence of life expectancy and population density by regions of Russia
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Morgunov Evgeniy V. , Chernyavskiy Sergey V. ,   Central Economic Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Solomshchuk Anna N. ,   Solan, LLC, Fatullaev Samin T. ,   Central Economic Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2023

The article shows that there is no unambiguous interpretation of the concept “potential”, and therefore, within the framework of the objects of research (regions, countries), we proposed our own interpretation: potential is the most possible benchmark for the development of the countries of the world (regions of the country) in specific (today's) socio-economic and other global and national conditions within the framework of the selected analytical indicator or indicator combination. We also analyzed the potential of human development by the indicator “life expectancy” and the development potential by the indicator “population density” in 85 subjects of the Russian Federation, and characterized the mutual influences of population density and life expectancy by regions of Russia according to the data for 2020. In our research, we used the method of critical values, a number of methods of systems analysis, analytical and statistical analysis, first of all, the grouping method, index analysis, correlation and regression analysis. As a result of the conducted research, we found that in modern Russian socioeconomic conditions: (1) the critical values of life expectancy in the regions of Russia are 69.94 years (first quartile) and 70.66 years (median), and the realized regional potential in terms of life expectancy is 71.91 years (third quartile); (2) the subjects (regions) of the Russian Federation are characterized by high differentiation in population density - from 4956.06 people per sq. km (Moscow) up to 0.007 people per sq. km (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug), in connection with which we developed an authorial “density index” to reduce the level of differentiation of regions without losing the quality of regional data analytics on population density in Russia; (3) the critical values for the regions of Russia in terms of population density are 5.12 people per sq. km (first quartile) and 22.36 people per sq. km (median), and the realized regional potential in terms of population density is 44.5 people per sq. km (third quartile); (4) the relationship between population density and life expectancy in the regions of Russia is positive, but it is moderate, while the following dependencies are characteristic for the subjects of the Russian Federation (on average): to ensure an average regional life expectancy (71 years), a population density of 30.5 people per square km is necessary and sufficient, and regions with very high life expectancy (73 years) are characterized by population density in the range of 47 to 72.5 people per sq. km.
Well-being as a measure of the sufficiency of benefits for the population (A regional aspect)
Authors:   Chelyabinsk Branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Artemova Olga V. , Savchenko Anastasia N. ,   Chelyabinsk Branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Melen'kina Svetlana A. ,   Chelyabinsk Branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2023

The state socioeconomic policy aimed at increasing the well-being of the population should be based on a scientific foundation and reasonable estimates. The article deals with topical issues of assessment and interregional comparisons of the level of population well-being. The study includes a review of scientific research on population well-being. The concept of the population well-being is defined as a measure of population's sufficient provision with material, social and spiritual benefits. A methodological approach to assessing the level of the population well-being in regions is proposed, indicators of living standards in different regions are compared. Calculations of the integral well-being index for the subjects of the Russian Federation are presented. The regions of the Ural Federal District were ranked according to the criteria of the Gini index. The analysis of the obtained results showed a significant differentiation of regions by the level of well-being, which indicates the socioeconomic polarization of the population living in different regions of the Ural Federal District. The findings adequately reflect the real situation in terms of well-being in the regions of the Ural Federal District and can be useful in developing measures of regional social policy and assessing its effectiveness.
Genetic typology of credit as an economic phenomenon
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Revtova Elena G.
Published: February 2023

Credit is a highly complex systemic object. It has served economic relations for a long period; in its evolution it objectively changes and becomes more complicated, which is why modern credit science faces the problems of orderly description and explanation of many loans that are heterogeneous in composition. The object of the study is credit as an economic phenomenon. The aim is to develop a genetic typology of credit. The research hypothesis is that the types of credit can be systematized depending on their occurrence in the evolution of credit from simple to more complex. The research methods are: analysis of scientific literature, systematization, generalization of information, and the categorical method “Several Information Criteria”. The results of the research are the following: (a) elementary types of credit (funded, normalized, diversified, restructured, refinanced, securitized and digitalized) were identified; (b) the evolutionary sequence of their occurrence and development was made; (c) a genetic typology of credit reflecting the diversity of its types and the evolutionary sequence of the development of this diversity was made. The conclusions of the research are the following: (1) in different circumstances and in different environments, elementary types (funded, normalized, diversified, restructured, refinanced, securitized and digitalized) are identified in credit; (2) the emergence of new types of credit naturally leads to the complication of its organization; (3) the development of credit occurs due to the emergence of new types that arise in response to a change in the environment. The acquired knowledge expands the scientific understanding of credit and its evolutionarily determined type diversity, and makes it possible to predict the emergence of new types of credit. The results obtained allow studying how credit functions. In practice, the results can be used both by banks to develop their own credit policy, and by the state in the monetary policy implemented by the Central Bank.
The ESG coordinate system in the methodology of asset valuation
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Zakhmatov Dmitry Yu.
Published: February 2023

In recent years, there has been a clear increase in the attention of both market participants and valuation specialists to the issues of accounting for environmental friendliness, social orientation, as well as the level of corporate governance, that is, ESG factors, in the value of assets. Since these factors are recognized at the highest level - by the governments of states, the largest business, as well as by analysts, it can be concluded that their nature is price-forming. In this article, an attempt is made to investigate the vector of the development of standardization and methodology of evaluation and expert activity in the field of accounting for ESG factors. The paper answers the questions: What aspects of the methodology in the field of asset valuation are subject to ESG transformation in the near future? What changes in the Russian Federal evaluation standards and standards of self-regulatory organizations of appraisers should be proposed in this direction? How can the influence of ESG factors be taken into account in assessment reports and expert opinions already today? This article is of an overview nature; it attempts a scientific understanding of the concept of ESG in valuation practice and metology and draws conclusions about the directions of development of the domestic methodology in the field of valuation activities.
Опыт совмещения учебы и работы аспирантами и его роль в карьерных траекториях выпускников аспирантуры
Authors: Слепых Виктория , Рудаков Виктор
Published: February 2023

В информационном бюллетене рассматриваются основные паттерны совмещения учебы и работы аспирантами, включая такие сюжеты, как различия в характеристиках аспирантов, совмещавших и не совмещавших учебу и работу, параметры занятости аспирантов, мотивация работы во время обучения, трудности, связанные с совмещением учебы и работы. Также рассматривается влияние опыта совмещения учебы и работы на результаты выпускников аспирантуры на рынке труда, их научную продуктивность и вероятность успешной защиты. Исследование основано на данных опросов аспирантов и выпускников аспирантуры, проведенных в рамках проекта «Мониторинг экономики образования» в 2022 г. Результаты опросов приведены с учетом взвешивания данных.
Gastrointestinal Sistem Malignitesi Olan Hastalarda Peroperatif Dönemde Olan Kilo Kaybının ve Beden Kitle İndeksi Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Özşenel Ekmel Burak , Kahveci Güldan , Dağcı Selma , Tayfur Mehmet , Akdoğan Fatih , Uçak Basat Sema
Published: February 2023

Amaç: Malnütrisyon, kanser hastalarını hastalıklarının seyri boyunca büyük ölçüde etkileyen bir sorundur. Tanı anında kilo kaybı yaşayan hastaların oranı, kanser türüne bağlı olarak %15-40 arasında değişmektedir. Hastalık ilerledikçe malnütrisyon insidansı artar ve sonunda hastaların %80'ini etkiler. Malnütrisyon, kanserli hastaların enfeksiyon insidansını, hastanede kalış süresini ve ölüm riskini artırır. Bu çalışmayı bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin genel cerrahi kliniğinde Gastrointestinal Sistem (GİS) malignitesi tanısı ile ameliyat olan hastalardaki malnütrisyon durumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla yaptık.
Gereç ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya hastanemiz genel cerrahi kliniğinde GİS malignitesi sebebiyle 01.06.2021-01.08.2021 tarihleri arasında ameliyat olan hastalar alındı. Görüşme yöntemi ile hastaların 4 ayrı dönemdeki kiloları ve beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) değerleri (sağlıklı dönem- hastaneye yatış esnasında - taburcu oldukları sırada - taburcu olduktan 1 ay sonra) not edildi. Hastaların yaş-cinsiyet bilgileri kaydedildi. Çalışmaya katılmanın gönüllülük esasına bağlı olduğu bildirilerek ilgili kurumdan ve çalışmaya katılan hastalardan izin alındı.
Bulgular: Bu çalışma yaşları 20-83 arasında, 19’u (%31,7) kadın ve 41’i (%68,3) erkek olmak üzere toplam 60 hasta ile yapılmıştır. Hastaların yaşları ortalaması 50±15, boyları 150-190 (168±9) cm’dir. Hastaların hastalık öncesi BKİ 18,9-37,3 (27,5±4,1) bulundu. Yatışa kadar kilo kaybı 0-30 (8±8) kg saptandı. Hastaların yatış BKİ 16-33,6 (24,8±3,7) bulundu. Hastane yatış sürecinde kaybedilen kilo 0-11(3±3) kg saptandı. Taburculuk BKİ 14-31,9 (23,9±3,7) olduğu bulundu. Taburcu olduktan 1 ay sonraki BKİ 14-31,9 (23,9±3,7) olduğu bulundu. Taburcu olduktan sonraki dönemde kaybedilen kilo 0-15 (2±4) kg arasında saptandı. Hastaların; hastalık öncesi dönemden yatış anına kadar, yatış sürecindeki ve taburculuk anından 1 ay sonraki döneme kadar BKİ kayıpları değerlendirildiğinde, her üç dönemde de istatistiksel anlamlı kilo-BKİ kaybı olduğu görüldü.
Sonuç: GİS malignitesi olan hastaların malnütre olduklarının takip eden klinisyen tarafından tespiti, hastalığın klinik seyri açısından önemlidir. Yapılan bu çalışmada görüldüğü üzere hastalar her dönemde kilo kaybetmiştir. Sonuç olarak, malnütrisyonun kanserlerde özellikle de GİS malignitelerinde oldukça sık görüldüğünün dikkate alınması kilo kaybının ve bu sebeple ortaya çıkan sorunların önüne geçilmesini sağlayacaktır.
Features of the sociocultural identity of a modern student
Authors: Ozerina A. A. , Ulyanina O. A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The study of the basic characteristics of the sociocultural identity of a modern student as value and semantic foundations of personal development is relevant due to the cultural and moral transformations of modern society and the practical need to change the system of education in higher education.

Aim. The current research aims to reveal the sociocultural characteristics by which a modern student describes himself/herself when compared with a group and to identify groups, communities, which is the subject of identification for the student.

Methodology and research methods. The authors used a quantitative approach to the collection and analysis of the data obtained. This made it possible to cover a large sample and obtain statistically reliable results. The theoretical methods of research were historiographical and comparative types of analysis (allowed to formulate the initial provisions of the study); conceptual and terminological analysis of philosophical, psychological, psychological-pedagogical, socio-psychological literature (used to describe the categorical field of the problem); systematisation and conceptualisation of scientific ideas. The following empirical methods were applied: questionnaires, testing. Data processing methods: methods of mathematical statistics (descriptive statistics, Student’s T-test, one-factor analysis of variance).

Results. The article contains the results of an empirical study of the sociocultural identity of students. The authors defined the foundations of the ideas of modern youth about themselves. In particular, students describe themselves through belonging to family, profession, gender and national groups. The authors identified the groups with which the respondents identify themselves: this is a family and a circle of friends. Moreover, the authors revealed that the socio-cultural identity of students has gender, age differences, and depends on the direction of training at the university. The role of the presented results in the modern international scientific discourse was analysed.

Scientific novelty. The authors conceptualised the concept of sociocultural identity and described the mechanisms of its formation; identified the main components in the structure of sociocultural identity of young people; established gender, age and educational differences in the characteristics of sociocultural identity of students; identified dominant groups in the process of identification of a young person with a high degree of significance.

Practical significance. The results of the study can be used as a spiritual and moral, value-oriented basis of the education programme in higher education.
Professional adaptation of university students in the changing world of professions
Authors: Ambarova P. A. , Zborovsky G. E.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The relevance of the problem of the article is determined by the need to improve approaches to the professional adaptation of university students in the conditions of rapid changes in the world of work and professions. The subject of the study is various forms of professional adaptation of students.

Aim. The present research aims to identify the forms of university students’ professional adaptation, which have the greatest potential for adapting students to the future profession. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that one of the new and effective forms of professional adaptation of students at the university can be their project activities.

Methodology and research methods. The research methodology was mainly based on the community-based and activity-based approaches. The empirical basis of the article is the results of the research on the adaptation of students in Russian universities (2022 May–June). The conducted research was implemented using the methods of online survey, focus group, semi-formalised interview.

Results. The main results of the study are the following: characteristics of the forms of professional adaptation of students at the university, the assessment of its main background factors, as well as the development by students of the norms of the academic environment as a predictor of mastering work and professional ethics, the problems of implementing project activities as a new form of adaptation to the profession. The scope of application of the research results is the practice of university project training and the development of programmes for professional students’ adaptation.

In conclusion, project-based learning is considered as one of the most promising forms of students’ professional adaptation, the potential of which is not fully used. An important conclusion of the authors is that there is the need to focus student projects on an external customer in order to create a situation of students’ real immersion in the professional environment.

Scientific novelty. The authors considered new forms of professional adaptation of students at the university and justified the significance of the revealed adaptation forms.

Practical significance. The practical significance of the article is the possibility of using the results and conclusions of the study in the elaboration of university adaptation programmes for students and the improvement of their professional adaptation practices.
Non-formal education: The review of current studies
Authors: Kicherova M. N. , Trifonova I. S.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Non-formal education is gaining a new impetus in the establishment of a sustainable knowledge society. The article reveals major concerns of non-formal education as an element of life-long learning and adult education policies as well as its effective implementation into the national educational mainstream.

Aim. The aim of the research is to conduct a detailed overview of various current studies, exemplifying the international experience in non-formal education and the case-studies of its adoption along with the mechanisms for its validation in different countries.

Methodology and research methods. The work was based on the methodology of comparative analysis and qualitative content analysis of official UNESCO, CEDEFOP, etc. international statistical and analytical reports, academic and empirical studies. An analytical review shows policy changes towards the development of non-formal education as well as an international and available in individual countries experience of its studying and implementation.

Results. Based on the compatibility scopes principle, three levels of analysis of non-formal education (macro-level/global, meso-level/institutional, micro-level/personal) were identified so that the key issues and trends in its development could be pinpointed at every stage. The conducted research leads to the conclusion that non-formal education practices are acquiring institutional forms. The level of non-formal education development in different countries varies. However, there are general trends towards solving a number of similar social problems by means of non-formal education, such as bridging the supply and demand for competencies in the labour market, social inclusion of different segments of the population, and others.

Scientific novelty and practical significance. The novelty of this study is seen in the resource capacity of non-formal education, the potential of its implementation for the vocational re-skilling, upskilling and further training of various socio-demographic groups, its global development trends and prospects. The practical significance lies in the application of mechanisms for recognising non-formal education outcomes. The highlighted trends and the best international experience can provide non-formal education integration into the educational mainstream, create experimental learning platforms and accelerate practical educational policy measures.
Optimization of Keratinase Enzyme synthesized by Micrococcus luteus using Taguchi DOE Method
Authors: CANLI TAŞAR Özden , TAŞAR Gani Erhan
Published: February 2023

Keratinase is an important enzyme used for degradation of the keratinous wastes, especially slaughterhouse and poultry-derived wastes, that cause environmental pollution. In the current study, optimum conditions for keratinase production by Micrococcus luteus Y23-18 strain were investigated using Taguchi DOE L9 orthogonal array. For this purpose, the selected environmental factors were initial pH, incubation temperature and time. The optimal conditions were obtained as pH 9.5, temperature 30˚C and 3 days. The obtained results showed that keratinase activity was enhanced approximately 2.3-folds (34.95 U mL-1) when compared with the unoptimized conditions (15.33 U mL-1). As a result, M. luteus Y23-18 is an effective keratinase producer microorganism and Taguchi design of experiment is a useful tool for optimization.
Exploring the Causal Relationship Among Trout Production, Price and Subsidy in Türkiye
Authors: AYDOĞAN Mehmet , GÜNDÜZ Orhan
Published: February 2023

Although there have been trout subsidies in Türkiye for many years, the fact that trout production has been below expectations, especially in recent years, has led to the need to investigate the effects of the subsidies. Thus, the present study was conducted to estimate the long-run relationship among trout production, producer price, and subsidy in Türkiye. The time-series data covering 1984-2016 regarding trout production, sales prices, and subsidies were used. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Granger Causality Analysis were utilized to estimate the time-dependent causality relationship among the variables. The VECM results, which estimate the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables, revealed that 46.8% of the long-run deviations in the price and subsidy variables will be corrected in the next period. The analysis results indicated that sales prices affect trout production negatively in the long term. Granger causality analysis indicated that the prior period values of production and price variables were the reason for the changes in the subsidy variable. In the short-term VECM model, it was revealed that changes in production and prices positively affect the subsidy. A percent increase in production and price increased the subsidy amount by 1.79 and 3.14 percent, respectively. To increase trout production, the current subsidy policy should be revised to improve the infrastructure and capacity of aquaculture farms. Subsidies for the fishery sector should also be increased in real terms to achieve their objectives.
A review on the impact of analgesic use during pregnancy on stillbirth
Authors: Girish B S  , Johns Joel M , Meghana C S  , Rakshitha H R  , Nekkanti Vineela
Published: February 2023

Stillbirth is a tragic complication of the pregnancy which is associated with emotional, social and economic disturbances. Stillbirth can be a result of advanced maternal age, smoking, obesity, comorbid conditions, poor economic status, drug use during pregnancy, etc. Though evidences suggest a number of factors contributing to stillbirth, use of analgesics adds an extra burden for the occurrence of stillbirth. Every drug has its own set of pros and cons, which may directly or indirectly affect the foetal health. Drug exposure was associated with the two-fold increased risk of stillbirth in pregnancy. Due to lack of significant evidence suggesting the occurrence of stillbirth which is a result of analgesic use, control over the use of analgesics during pregnancy is not well established. Hence, in the current literature review, the risk of analgesic-induced stillbirth is highlighted. The misuse of analgesics as over-the-counter medicines is widely known. Painkillers are often used to self-medicate without the supervision of a medical practitioner. Some of these drugs tend to cross the placental barrier and can have hazardous effects on foetus. Many circumstances might drive a pregnant woman to use analgesics which includes pain associated with the adaptation of mother’s body to the change during pregnancy. Due to ease of access and lack of knowledge about foetal risk, analgesics are consumed irrationally leading to pregnancy-related complications such as stillbirth.
Practise of self-monitoring of blood glucose among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A review
Authors: Mallicka  , Singh Akanksha
Published: February 2023

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of varying degree diagnosed first time during the pregnancy. Blood glucose values revert to the normal level soon after the delivery. But the women carry a lifetime risk of getting overt diabetes within 5 years. The management of GDM mainly comprises of medical nutrition therapy, exercise, weight management and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG). Among all the management components, SMBG is the mostly neglected especially among pregnant women with GDM. Patient empowerment and imparting proper information regarding SMBG may be helpful in managing the GDM with better maternal and foetal outcomes. Overall, the practise of SMBG in developing nation like India is not up to the mark.
Pregnancy with diabetes: The study of fetomaternal outcome in a tertiary care teaching centre in western India
Authors: Dixit Monica , Kapadia Shital N , Parmar Kartikeya G
Published: February 2023

To study the fetomaternal outcome in cases of pregnancy with diabetes and the measures to combat the consequences.

A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care centre with 70 patients taken under study, being carried out in a period of July-2020 to June- 2021 at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad.

Increasing gravidity, age and past history of GDM was found to be one of the risk factor for such cases. 44% patients had polyhydramnios, 8% had uteroplacental insufficiency and there were 6%intrauterine deaths. 52 patients were managed by Insulin, 10 patients by oral antidiabetic agents and remaining 8 patients were manged alone with dietary therapy. 48% patients underwent emergency caesarean section, 28% delivered normally and 8% patients required instrumental vaginal delivery. 10 cases of pregnancy with diabetes developed hypertension, also there were 6% cases of macrosomia. Birth weight > 3.5 kg was 32% in incidence. Most of the neonates were taken to NICU for 24 hours of observation. Perinatal mortality was observed in 6 cases of pregnancy with diabetes mellitus.
Indications and outcome of emergency obstetrics hysterectomy in last 5 years at ACPM medical college Dhule
Authors: Kulkarni Nitin Naresh , Deore Chaitanya Sukhdeo , Athawale Prashant Sewakram
Published: February 2023

Emergency Obstetric Hysterectomy (EOH) is the process of surgical removal of the uterus after an unexpected & sudden event. EOH acts as a bridge between life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage & death.

1. To study the indications & risk factors responsible for emergency obstetrics hysterectomy. 2. To study the outcome of emergency obstetrics hysterectomy.

The present study is a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ACPM Medical College, Dhule over a span of 5 years from 2016 to 2021.

In the present study, out of the 6250 patients, 50 patients underwent EOH. The incidence rate was 8 per 1000 deliveries. 32 (64%) were within the age group of 26-30 years, with a mean age of 27.8 ± 2.4 years. Atonic PPH (48%) was the commonest indication. Previous LSCS (76%) & antepartum hemorrhage (48%) were found the main risk factors for EOH.

Uterine atony & morbidly adherent placenta are the most common indications for EOH. Previous LSCS & antepartum hemorrhage were found the main risk factors. Needs much more research to decrease mortality and morbidity in cases requiring EOH cause of advances in interventional radiology.
Correlation of umbilical cord arterial blood pH with meconium stained liquor
Authors: Kima Vanlal , Roy Indrani , Saikia Neelotparna
Published: February 2023

Intrauterine passage of meconium may be due to fetal hypoxia, or it may simply indicate a normal gastrointestinal tract maturation. Umbilical cord blood pH is the best available criterion for detecting fetal hypoxia and making appropriate decisions about care after birth.

To determine the correlation of umbilical cord arterial blood pH with meconium stained liquor and neonatal outcome. To determine whether the mode of delivery had any influence on the occurrence of acidemia in the neonate complicated with meconium stained liquor.

A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 6 months. Immediately following delivery in pregnancies complicated with meconium stained liquor, blood was drawn from the umbilical artery and sent for arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. Neonatal outcome parameters and mode of delivery were then recorded in a pre-designed proforma.

There was a statistically significant correlation between abnormal pH (acidosis) and thick meconium stained liquor. Neonatal outcome parameters like Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes, intravenous antibiotic administration, NICU admission and oxygen supplementation were statistically significant when correlated with the pH level.

The degree of meconium thickness independently correlates with the composite adverse neonatal outcome. Cases with meconium stained liquor should be monitored vigorously with timely interventions and proper neonatal resuscitation, especially the ones with thick meconium stained liquor, in order to prevent adverse neonatal outcome.
Prevalence of thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia carriers among antenatal women– A first study from Telangana population
Authors: Jain Suman , Gunda Padma , Kondaveeti Saroja , Manne Mamata , Appam Anitha
Published: February 2023

Beta thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia (SCA) are highly prevalent and inherited preventable blood disorders that require lifelong blood transfusions and contribute to infant and childhood morbidity and mortality. It is mandate to prevent these disorders to save the children from life long suffering by initiating stringent screening programs. A total of 2478 antenatal women visiting Modern Govt. Maternity hospital (MGMH), Petlaburz, Hyderabad (2000) and Primary Health Care centers of Balanagar (254) and Rajapur (224) in Mahbubnagar district were screened for thalassemia and SCA using Complete blood count followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography to detect the carrier status. Husbands were screened in case of carrier women and if both the couple were carriers then they were advised for prenatal diagnosis. Out of the 2478 antenatal mothers screened, a carrier frequency of 3.05% and 4.6% was detected for different types of hemoglobinopathies from MGMH and PHC’s respectively. Of the different types of thalassemia, beta thalassemia was the predominant one with a frequency of 2.15% from MGMH and 2.9% from PHC’s. Three couples were found to be thalassemia carriers and went for prenatal diagnosis. In all the three cases the fetus was found to be normal and they are continuing with the pregnancy. The present study is the first one to report the carrier frequency of thalassemia and SCA among antenatal women from Telangana population. This study warrants the need for screening antenatal women for these disorders during their early trimester in order to reduce the incidence of affected births.
Liver transaminase enzyme analysis as a predictor of poor maternal outcome in pregnant women with dengue
Authors: Panwar Megha , Bharti Rekha , Dabral Anjali , Kumar Anita , Suri Jyotsana , Singh Lovely
Published: February 2023

To find out predictive value of elevated liver transaminases as a predictor of poor maternal outcome in pregnant women with dengue infection.

Our study was a retrospective study, conducted in a tertiary care centre of North India from July 1 to December 31, 2021. Data of all the pregnant women with dengue infection during the above period was screened for maternal and fetal outcomes. Elevated liver transaminases in women who developed DHF, DSS and maternal mortality were the main outcome measures. Mode of delivery, obstetric complications, medical complications (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Dengue shock syndrome and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) and KFT for prediction of maternal mortality were the secondary outcome measures.

The association of liver transaminases derangement with stage of dengue at diagnosis were analysed using Fisher’s exact test. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, IBM manufacturer, Chicago, USA, version 21. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

A total of 35 women were included in the study. The mean age was 23.49 + 2.94 years. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, atonic PPH, and puerperal sepsis developed in 6(17.14%), 7(20%), 4(8.57%), and 10 (28.57%) women respectively. The maternal mortality rate was 25.71%. All women who developed DHF (3 women) and DSS (9 women) had altered liver enzymes. Alanine transaminase has very high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (76.92%) as a predictor of maternal mortality in pregnant women with dengue, (p<0.05). Similarly, serum creatinine levels at a value of more than 0.9 mg/dl had a sensitivity and specificity of 88.89% and 92.31%, respectively for predicting maternal mortality in pregnant women with dengue, (p<0.05). Conclusion: Elevated liver transaminases can be used as predictors of poor maternal outcome in pregnant women with dengue infection.
Observational study of induction of labour versus expectant management in overdate pregnancies amongst Indian women
Authors: Das Monica , Damania Kaizad R , Bansal Vandana , Kale Deepali
Published: February 2023

The present study was a prospective observational study done to evaluate elective induction of labour (e-IOL)* in overdate pregnancies (40 1/7 to 40 6/7 weeks) versus expectant management (EM)* up to 41 weeks. The primary objective was to compare rates of Caesarean section among the two groups. Study design: Women at 40 weeks of gestation satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Total sample size was 112. The e-IOL group 1, included 56 participants who were induced at 40 1/7 to 40 6/7 weeks of gestation and EM group 2 had 56 participants, who were given expectant management till 41 weeks of gestation. Group 2 was further divided as group 2a who went into spontaneous labour while on expectant management and group 2b as those who were induced while on expectant management for maternal / fetal reasons or ≥ 41 0/7 weeks of gestation.

Expectant management till 41 weeks of gestation beyond the due date increased the likelihood of spontaneous labour without adversely affecting the perinatal outcome. 73.2% of participants went into spontaneous labour in the EM group and 78% of them delivered vaginally. Caesarean section rates were lesser with EM (37.5%) as compared to e-IOL (58.9%) in our study (p=0.002).

Caesarean section rates were lesser among women with post date pregnancies when expectant management was followed as compared to elective induction of labour. No difference in perinatal outcomes was noted amongst the two groups. Participants who went into spontaneous labour when on expectant management were more likely to deliver vaginally.
A profile of abortion in a tertiary care centre: An observational study
Authors: Narasimha Chaitra , Sudha R
Published: February 2023

The recent years have seen rise in unintended pregnancy which includes unwanted and mistimed pregnancy. Despite the conducive environment of legal abortion in India through MTP Act, many women resort to unsafe methods of abortion. In India, estimated abortions in 2015 were 15.6 million. The overall rate of abortion was estimated to be 4.8%, among which 67.1% of abortions were classified to be unsafe. Thus, the aim of the study is to analyze the demographic profile of patients, reason for seeking abortion and evaluation of significant adverse outcome and management.

This was a hospital-based observation study carried out in the department of OBG in MMC&RI, Mysuru during the period January 2019 to December 2020. 100 women seeking MTP and 100 women presenting to hospital for help following the consumption of over the counter pills were included in the study.

: 100 women with self-consumption of pills presented to hospital with complaints of heavy bleeding (35%), spotting PV (22%) and pain abdomen (15%). Most were married, belonging to lower socioeconomic status with age of 21-25 years (42%), followed by 26 – 30 years (22%). In 100 women seeking MTP, congenital fetal anomalies (51%) was the main indication, followed by contraception failure (36%). In comparison to the women seeking abortion services under medical supervision, the complication rates were higher in unsupervised group. This included retained products of conception (25%), moderate anemia (12%), severe anemia (7%), shock (3%), sepsis (4%) requiring surgical evacuation (51%), medical management (46%), anemia correction (17%), ICU admission (7%) and emergency laparotomy (3%).

The cornerstone is motivation and encouragement of women to adapt family planning services to reduce unintended pregnancy. For women needing these services, accessibility and comprehensive education regarding unsafe abortion is needed. Legislation and strict policy is required for the use of MTP pills, so as to reduce the sales without prescription.
Case report of a huge Gartner’s cyst
Authors: Indu N R , Hiremath P. B  , Reshmi M , Supriya M Sree , Hiremath Reshma
Published: February 2023

Gartner’s cyst accounts for 11% of all vaginal cysts. It results from total or partial occlusion of Gartner’s duct, the mesonephric duct remainder. It is often located in the anterior or lateral wall of the vagina from the cervix to the introitus, however it has exceptionally been described in the posterior location also.It is typically small and asymptomatic and occurs along the lateral walls of the vagina, following the course of the Gartner’s duct. Rarely it can be congenital., , ,
Jaundice in pregnancy and its causes: A case report
Authors: George Monica , Parikh Purvi , Chandekar Akanksha , Meghani Prachi
Published: February 2023

Jaundice in pregnancy is an uncommon condition, affecting less than 5% of pregnant women globally and it carries a high risk of maternal and perinatal mortality. Although there are various causes of jaundice in pregnancy, viral hepatitis infection is the most common cause in India. This is a case of a 28-year old woman, in her third trimester who presented with severe nausea, vomiting and edema in her extremities. Laboratory tests revealed severe oligohydramnios with altered blood and electrolyte profile. A clinical diagnosis of jaundice in pregnancy was made and the patient underwent an emergency caesarean section due to the high-risk nature of her pregnancy. The causes of jaundice in pregnancy include acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), hyperemesis gravidarum, hemolysis and elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, viral hepatitis and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Due to the acute onset of her condition and based on the principle of elimination, acute fatty liver of pregnancy was suspected as the cause of jaundice in this patient. After delivery, the patient received several blood transfusions and was placed on conservative treatment for a week. Both, mother and child, recovered well and were discharged without any complications.