bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support in Patients with Ischemic Versus Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chou Brendan P. , Critsinelis Andre , Lamba Harveen K. , Long Gregory , Civitello Andrew B. , Delgado Reynolds M. , Chatterjee Subhasis
Published: September 2021

To determine whether the cause of cardiomyopathy affects outcomes in patients who undergo continuous-flow left ventricular assist device support, we compared postimplant adverse events and survival between patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. The inclusion criteria for the ischemic group were a history of myocardial infarction or revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention), ≥75% stenosis of the left main or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery, or ≥75% stenosis of ≥2 epicardial vessels.

From November 2003 through March 2016, 526 patients underwent device support: 256 (48.7%) in the ischemic group and 270 (51.3%) in the nonischemic group. The ischemic group was older (60.0 vs 50.0 yr), included more men than women (84.0% vs 72.6%), and had more comorbidities. More patients in the nonischemic group were able to have their devices explanted after left ventricular recovery (5.9% vs 2.0%; P=0.02). More patients in the ischemic group had gastrointestinal bleeding (31.2% vs 22.6%; P=0.03), particularly from arteriovenous malformations (20.7% vs 11.9%; P=0.006) and ulcers (16.4% vs 9.3%; P=0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no difference in overall survival between groups (P=0.24). Older age, previous sternotomy, higher total bilirubin level, and concomitant procedures during device implantation independently predicted death (P ≤0.03), whereas cause of heart failure did not (P=0.08).

Despite the similarity in overall survival between groups, ischemic cardiomyopathy was associated with more frequent gastrointestinal bleeding. This information may help guide the care of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy who receive continuous-flow left ventricular assist device support.
Machine translation of English content: A comparative study of different methods
Authors: Xue Jinfeng
Published: September 2021

Based on neural machine translation, this article introduced the ConvS2S system and transformer system, designed a semantic sharing combined transformer system to improve translation quality, and compared the three systems on the NIST dataset. The results showed that the operation speed of the semantic sharing combined transformer system was the highest, reaching 3934.27 words per second; the BLEU value of the ConvS2S system was the smallest, followed by the transformer system and the semantic sharing combined transformer system. Taking NIST08 as an example, the BLEU values of the designed system were 4.74 and 1.49 higher than the other two systems. The analysis of examples showed that the semantic sharing combined transformer had higher translation quality. The experimental results show that the proposed system is reliable in English content translation and can be further promoted and applied in practice.
Role of Hypericum perforatum oil and pomegranate seed oil in wound healing: an in vitro study
Authors: Uzunhisarcıklı Ebru , Yerer Mükerrem Betül
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to investigate the wound-healing efficacy of Hypericum perforatum and pomegranate seed extract oil combined with curcumin as an anti inflammatory agent. A series of experiments were carried out to determine effective concentrations for H. perforatum oil, pomegranate seed extract oil, and curcumin. Ibuprofen was used as a positive control. The wound-healing effects of the applied compounds were tested according to the migration experiment model performed in HaCaT cells. A real-time cell analyzer (xCELLigence) was used to determine the cytotoxic/proliferative effects of H. perforatum, pomegranate seed oil, ibuprofen, and curcumin in HaCaT cells alone and their combined use at specified concentrations. After examining the noncytotoxic concentrations of H. perforatum oil, pomegranate seed oil, curcumin, and ibuprofen, migration experiments were performed to examine the wound healing properties. According to the results, the wound-healing efficacy of curcumin and H. perforatum combination was better than ibuprofen combinations. Also, according to the results, the wound-healing efficacy of curcumin and pomegranate seed oil combination was better than ibuprofen combinations. It was concluded that both oils had improved wound-healing properties in combination with curcumin or Ibuprofen.
Benefits of “Decentered and Influential” Practices During Telehealth: Establishing, Slipping, and Re-Establishing Position in a Therapeutic Conversation
Authors: Beaudoin Marie-Nathalie , Estes Ronald Jean
Published: September 2021

Telehealth therapy has become a common platform to provide therapeutic services during the COVID-19 pandemic and is expected to remain a viable option for services. Most mental health professionals had little prior experience in using this modality and have been experimenting with various ways of ensuring respectful, collaborative and effective ways of offering their services. A Decentered and Influential position offers numerous benefits that support anchoring therapists in a mindset that is conducive to optimized therapeutic conversations especially with people from socio-cultural and generational backgrounds different from their own. The value of this therapeutic position is illustrated by clinical work with a teenager struggling with violence towards family members during the quarantine. A description of clinical work where the therapist slipped to a centered position, and the re-engagement of a Decentered and Influential position, is exemplified by a discussion and preventive suggestions.
Freud's B'nai B'rith Dream: Having Lost His Way, His “Brethren … Were Unkind and Scornful …”
Authors: Lippman Robert L.
Published: September 2021

On Tuesday, April 24, 1900, three days after Passover, Freud gave a talk at his B'nai B'rith lodge on Emile Zola's utopian novel penned in self-exile in London, Fécondité (1899). The next day Freud wrote Wilhelm Fliess that the night before the talk he had a dream in which “[t]he brethren … were unkind and scornful of me.” In the dream his brethren's contempt signifies that Freud is making his impious move to destroy their Tree of Life: no Law, no Judaism, no Christianity, no miserable anti-Semitism. In Freud's utopia, an enlightened socially just world grounded in reason, which mirrors the brotherly atheistic utopia envisioned in Fécondité, the seed of Abraham at long last can move across frontiers freely, develop their talents, and satisfy their needs.
Notes on Free-Associative Listening: “I Am Also a Stranger Here”
Authors: Barratt Barnaby B.
Published: September 2021

The unique conditions and characteristics of listening in psychoanalysis are introduced in relation to an effort to define how psychoanalysis proceeds “beyond psychotherapy.” Using an example from Freud's self-analysis, the author explores the tenet that every psychoanalytic session is to be treated like a dream. Freud's prescriptions for the method of listening psychoanalytically are critically discussed and the idea of “listening-to-listen” is introduced, as contrasted with listening in order to hear, listening-to-understand or in order to interpret. It is argued that free-associative listening is distinctive as a processive momentum that deconstructively interrogates the practitioner's own mechanisms of suppression and repression. This process fosters an awareness of that which is otherwise than representation, that which cannot be captured within the purview of reflective consciousness. In this sense, healing is not only transformative, but also transmutative, and the psychoanalyst is one for whom nothing is alien and everything is strange.
FARKLI KURUTMA METOTLARI İLE ELDE EDİLEN HÜNNAP (ZIZYPHUS JUJUBA) MEYVE TOZLARININ BİSKÜVİ ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAKLARI
Authors: KOYUNCU Büşra , DEMİR Mustafa Kürşat , OLCAY Nezahat
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada üç farklı metotla kurutulan (konveksiyonel, vakum, mikrodalga) hünnap meyvesi, formülasyonda farklı oranlarda (%0, 5, 10, 15 ve 20) bisküvilik una ikame edilmiş, elde edilen örneklerin fiziksel (çap, kalınlık, yayılma oranı), tekstürel (sertlik, kırılganlık), renk (L*, a*, b*), kimyasal (nem, ham yağ, ham protein, kül, karbonhidrat, enerji) ve duyusal özellikleri ile fitik asit ve toplam fenolik madde miktarları incelenmiştir. Örneklerde ikame oranı artıkça L* değerleri düşmekte, a* ve b* değerleri artmaktadır. Bisküvilere %20 hünnap tozu ikamesi ile örneklerin ham protein miktarı %8.92’den %6.41’e, fitik asit içeriği ise 168.62 mg/100 g’dan 117.55 mg/100 g’a düşerken, toplam fenolik madde miktarı 0.73 mg/g’dan 1.03 mg/g’a yükselmiştir. Duyusal analizde en yüksek beğeniyi, vakum kurutma metoduyla kurutulan hünnabın %10 oranında ikame edildiği örnekler kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, hünnap tozunun gıda formülasyonlarında değerlendirilebilecek önemli bir fonksiyonel bileşen olduğu, hünnap tozu üretiminde ise mikrodalga ve vakum kurutmanın besinsel özellikleri daha iyi şekilde koruyan metotlar olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
On Inheritances
Authors: Nopper Tamara K.
Published: September 2021

In this presentation for the Asian American Writers’ Workshop, Tamara K. Nopper analyzes the emergent discourses of “anti-Asian violence” and “Black-Asian solidarity” within historical and sociological contexts. She begins with a discussion of the importance of the 1980s and 1990s as formative moments in terms of post-Asian American Movement organizational infrastructure. She then discusses interracial violence, the coeval growth of hate crime data and legislation, and the hashtag #StopAAPIHate. Her primary concern in this discussion is to reveal what work these narrative framings do in service of or in opposition to anti-Blackness and carcerality.
Fire is Food
Authors: Reed Ron , Norgaard Kari Marie
Published: September 2021

Ron Reed and Kari Norgaard discuss the importance of fire for Karuk tribal culture, health, food, and sovereignty. They describe the history of settler colonial fire suppression practices and its ongoing impacts on Indigenous communities. Reed argues for the need to center place-based, Indigenous ecology model.
Education Should Return to Its Essence
Authors: Morganti Annalisa , Pellegrini Marta
Published: September 2021

The essence of education is an old topic. It is not only a theoretical problem, but also a practical problem. The essence of education is directly related to the answer to “What is education?”, and how to answer “What is education?” directly determines the way and content of education. On this basis, the statements about the nature of education also guide and standardize people’s educational concepts and behaviors (Shi, 2018). It can be said that human beings have been thinking about this issue since they have had educational practices. After the independence of the educational discipline, the discussion about the essence of education has become a basic problem of pedagogy. Scholars try to find answers to other specific educational questions by solving “What is education?”
A Review of the Development of the Integration Strategy of Information Technology and Education in the Four Countries of the United States, Britain, China, and Singapore
Authors: Wang Jincheng
Published: September 2021

Information technology has a revolutionary impact on the development of education. Therefore, it is a strategic choice to comprehensively respond to educational development challenges in the information age to promote the modernization of education with education informatization. Countries worldwide have begun to attach importance to the development of educational information technology and have successively formulated a series of policies and plan to guide its development. At the same time, implementing a number of measures has dramatically promoted the realization of educational information technology development goals. Taking the United States, Britain, China, and Singapore as examples, we reviewed the promotion strategies of global education informatization and summarized its typical characteristics and development trends based on an overview of the development routes of various countries.
Volunteering as a Human Resource in Provision of Public Social Services in the Municipality
Authors: Papalauskienė Aistė
Published: September 2021

The research aims to identify the main factors and obstacles supporting the development of volunteering in municipalities as a basis for volunteering as an additional human resource in the provision of social services in the municipality. It has been achieved through qualitative analysis and generalization of academic literature and other publicly available sources. The article adheres to the opinion that volunteering is a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly important in democratic societies. In the analyzed context of public administration, we treat volunteering as follows: activities that create social benefits for society; freely assumed obligations authorized by agreement; activities appropriate to mutual assistance; unpaid activities of public service; useful work; activities satisfying the needs of human self-realization; activities allowing to acquire professional skills. All the components of this multifaceted definition evidence the social benefit to society, and at the same time to the municipality, where volunteering is being developed.

The analysis of academic literature and the good practice of other countries in the development of volunteering showed that the social benefits created by volunteering are complex, the social impact is a long-term and systemic. The social benefits created by volunteering affect the volunteer him/herself, the organization that hosts the volunteer, the community of service provision, the service recipient and his/her family members, society.

The study revealed the following factors activating volunteering in the municipality: recognition of volunteering benefits and support at all levels of government; determination and periodic analysis of obstacles to involvement of volunteers in social activities; formation of volunteers’ involvement mechanism and administration of activities thereof; material and information resources for the coordination and support of volunteering activities; competent human resources to activate and involve volunteering; mutual co-operation of the municipal administration units and departments; cooperation of the municipal administration with NGOs and state-financed organizations in developing volunteering in municipalities; dissemination of good practice; inclusion of volunteering activities in curricula of pre-school educational institutions.
The Development of the Lithuanian Armed Forces and Its Response to the Russian Conventional Threats in 2015‒2020
Authors: Rogulis Dovydas
Published: September 2021

In a period of 2015-2020, Lithuanian Armed Forces (LAF) military spending increased twice, thus it enabled to initiate and to arrange significant critical projects that eventually allowed armed forces to upgrade military equipment and tactics. New artillery units, armoured personnel vehicles, air defence systems, anti-tank weapons, radars, anti-drone systems boosted military power of LAF. Tactics switched from anti green men to conventional tactics, where fire and manoeuvre dominates again. Meanwhile, in the same period of time in Kaliningrad the Russian armed forces boosted the number of military personnel, upgraded equipment (most of it to offensive one) and increased military exercises. In order to be prepared, LAF must look for the most efficient ways of defence towards a potential foe. In a near future LAF must decentralize a central military storage thus critical assets could be secured and used by battalions at any time. Moreover, LAF capabilities could be improved by cyber conscripts and non-conventional tactics which could bring extra dividends when a small state fights against technologically advanced adversary. Eventually, with an additional military spending LAF could obtain MLRS artillery, the coastal defence systems and unmanned combat aerial vehicles that could deal with enemy from a safer distance.
The Mythical Dimension in Saulius Tomas Kondrotas' Novel “The Look of a Grass-Snake”
Authors: Mingilas Vilius
Published: September 2021

The aim of the article is to identify and explain the mythical images used in Saulius Tomas Kondrotas’ novel “The Look of a Grass-Snake”. By transforming pagan and Christian mythical systems, the writer contrasts them with rational thinking. In “New Age“ there is no place for myths and the meanings of figurative language. The mythical dimension in the work is understood as a way of perceiving the world that contradicts the modern idea of ​​progress. S. T. Kondrotas also transforms the meanings of archetypal figures such as fire, sun or grass-snake in his novel. The concepts of life, death, or rebirth gain the different perspectives from archaic and modern world. New mythical dimension allows us to reconsider existential phenomena of human existence in a new light. In this way, the Baltic worldview extends its life in works of art, and the literature, which contains mythical elements, becomes a modern version of the myth.
Leptospermum repo (Myrtaceae), a new species from northern Aotearoa / New Zealand peat bog habitats, segregated from Leptospermum scoparium s. l.
Authors:   Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, de Lange Peter J. , Schmid Luzie M.H. ,   Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
Published: September 2021

Leptospermum repo de Lange & L.M.H.Schmid sp. nov. (Myrtaceae) is segregated from L. scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (sensu lato). The new species is endemic to the peat bogs of the Waikato, Bay of Plenty, and adjacent eastern ranges of the northern portion of Te Ika a Maui / North Island, Aotearoa / New Zealand. The new species belongs to the northern Te Ika a Maui / North Island clade of L. scoparium s. l., from whose other members it is morphologically distinguished by its gracile, spindly, open-branched growth habit; widely divergent, longer, linear, linear-lanceolate (rarely filiform), shortly cuspidate leaves; flowers with white petals, stamens mostly with white filaments (very rarely tinged pink near base), and by the style and stigma which are usually green (very rarely pink). Leptospermum repo now occupies ca. 10% of its former peat bog habitat, where aside from a few protected peat bogs the species is still in decline through loss of its habitat. A more recent potential threat to L. repo is myrtle rust disease, caused by Austropuccinia psidii, an exotic rust first detected in Aotearoa / New Zealand in May 2017. This rust poses a serious threat to the Myrtaceae of Aotearoa / New Zealand, for which there is at present no known effective treatment to prevent the death of infected hosts. Therefore, due to the historic loss of habitat, a threat which is still ongoing, causing the decline of many L. repo populations; and the potential threat of Austropuccinia psidii to this species, the listing proposed for the species (as Leptospermum aff. scoparium (c) (AK191319; "Waikato peat bog") by the New Zealand Indigenous Vascular Plant Threat Listing Panel of "Threatened / Nationally Critical DP, De" is here upheld.
Prevalence of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Well-Appearing, Febrile Infants
Authors: McCulloh Russell J. , McDaniel Lauren M. , Kerns Ellen , Biondi Eric A.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Data on invasive bacterial infection (IBI), defined as bacteremia and/or bacterial meningitis, in febrile infants aged <60 days old primarily derive from smaller, dated studies conducted at large, university-affiliated medical centers. Our objective with the current study was to determine current prevalence and epidemiology of IBI from a contemporary, national cohort of well-appearing, febrile infants at university-affiliated and community-based hospitals.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Retrospective review of well-appearing, febrile infants aged 7 to 60 days was performed across 31 community-based and 44 university-affiliated centers from September 2015 to December 2017. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture results were reviewed and categorized by using a priori criteria for pathogenic organisms. Prevalence estimates and subgroup comparisons were made by using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

A total of 10 618 febrile infants met inclusion criteria; cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures were tested from 6747 and 10 581 infants, respectively. Overall, meningitis prevalence was 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–0.5); bacteremia prevalence was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.1–2.7). Neonates aged 7 to 30 days had significantly higher prevalence of bacteremia, as compared with infants in the second month of life. IBI prevalence did not differ between community-based and university-affiliated hospitals (2.7% [95% CI: 2.3–3.1] vs 2.1% [95% CI: 1.7–2.6]). Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae were the most commonly identified organisms.

CONCLUSIONS

This contemporary study of well-appearing, febrile infants supports previous epidemiological estimates of IBI prevalence and suggests that the prevalence of IBI may be similar among community-based and university-affiliated hospitals. These results can be used to aid future clinical guidelines and prediction tool development.
Pediatrician Perspectives on Brief Resolved Unexplained Events
Authors: Maksimowski Karolina , Haddad Rita , DeLaroche Amy M.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

The objective with this study was to describe pediatric emergency department (ED) physicians’ perspective on the evaluation and management of brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) to help support the development of quality improvement interventions for this population.

METHODS

We conducted qualitative semistructured interviews with pediatric ED providers who practice in a single state. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed and demographic information was also obtained. The 6-phase approach to reflexive thematic analysis was used to conduct the qualitative analysis.

RESULTS

Nineteen pediatric ED physicians practicing in 4 institutions across our state participated in the study. The majority of participants (95%) practice in a university-affiliated setting. The primary themes related to providing care for patients with a BRUE identified in our analysis were (1) reassurance, (2) caregiver or provider concern, and (3) clinical practice guideline availability and interpretation. Closely intertwined underlying topics informing BRUE patient management were also noted: (1) ambiguity in the BRUE diagnosis and its management; (2) a need for shared decision-making between the caregiver and the provider; and (3) concern over the increased time spent with caregivers during an ED visit for a diagnosis of BRUE. These complex relationships were found to influence patient evaluation and disposition.

CONCLUSION

Multifaceted quality improvement interventions should address caregiver and provider concerns regarding the diagnosis of BRUE while providing decision aids to support shared decision-making with caregivers.
Pediatric Hospital Readmissions for Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, 2016–2019
Authors: Milliren Carly E. , Melvin Patrice , Ozonoff Al
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is associated with long and costly birth hospitalization and increased readmission risk. Our objective was to examine readmissions in the first year of life for infants diagnosed with NOWS compared with infants without NOWS, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors, and to describe use during readmissions in this population.

METHODS

Using data from the Pediatric Health Information System, we identified singleton term infants with NOWS and without NOWS or other major condition (by diagnosis codes and All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups coding, respectively) discharged from 2016 to 2019. We predicted time to first readmission within the first year of life using Cox regression analysis. Predictors included NOWS diagnosis, sociodemographic factors, birth NICU use, and birth weight.

RESULTS

We included 155 885 birth discharges from 17 hospitals (n = 1467 NOWS) with 10 087 readmissions. Unadjusted 1-year readmission rates were 9.9% among NOWS infants versus 6.2% among those without NOWS. The adjusted hazard ratio for readmission within the first year was 1.76 (95% confidence interval: 1.40–2.22) for infants with NOWS versus those without. Readmissions for infants with NOWS were longer and costlier and more likely to require intensive care and mechanical ventilation. Readmissions among infants without NOWS were most commonly for jaundice and respiratory and other infections, whereas respiratory infections were the leading cause of readmissions among NOWS infants.

CONCLUSIONS

Infants with a NOWS diagnosis were more likely to be readmitted within the first year of life. In future work, researchers should explore potential interventions to prevent readmissions and provide resources to families affected by opioid dependence.
Variation in Newborn Skincare Policies Across United States Maternity Hospitals
Authors: Wisniewski Julia A. , Phillipi Carrie A. , Goyal Neera , Smith Anna , Hoyt Alice E.W. , King Elizabeth , West Dennis , Golden W. Christopher , Kellams Ann
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

Newborn skincare influences levels of beneficial factors from vernix and vaginal secretions but also the emergence of potential skin pathogens. However, evidence-based national guidelines for newborn skincare do not exist, and actual hospital practices for newborn skincare have not been described. In this study, we test the hypothesis that US maternity hospitals follow differing policies with regard to newborn skincare.

METHODS

A 16-question survey querying skin care practices was distributed to nursery medical directors at the 109 US hospital members of the Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns network. Data from free text responses were coded by 2 study personnel. Survey responses were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and compared by region of the United States.

RESULTS

Delaying the first newborn bath by at least 6 hours is a practice followed by 87% of US hospitals surveyed. Discharging newborns without a bath was reported in 10% of hospitals and was more common for newborns born in nonacademic centers and on the West Coast. Procedures and products used for newborn skincare varied significantly. Parental education on tub immersion and soap use was also inconsistent and potentially contradictory between providers. Evidence cited by hospitals in forming their policies is scant.

CONCLUSION

In this study, we identify similar and strikingly different newborn skincare policies across a national network of US maternity hospitals. Research is needed to identify effects of differing skincare routines on skin integrity, infection rates, and childhood health outcomes to improve the evidence base for the care of newborn skin.
Vaccination of Pregnant Women Against COVID-19
Authors: Abu-Raya Bahaa
Published: September 2021

Pregnant women are at increased risk for severe morbidity and mortality following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading some countries to recommend vaccination of pregnant women against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These recommendations are based on studies conducted early in the pandemic, and thus, the pregnant women in these studies most likely did not have pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 at the time of infection. The susceptibility of pregnant women and their infants to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of infection may be attenuated as the pandemic progresses and an increasing number of women will have pre-existing immunity (following natural infection or vaccination prior to pregnancy) during pregnancy. The reactogenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines administered in pregnancy may also be affected by the pre-existing immunity of pregnant women. Maternal vaccine trials should be evaluated in the context of their timing in the pandemic and interpreted based on the pre-existing immunity of pregnant women.
Congenital and Perinatal Tuberculosis
Authors: Shao Yi , Hageman Joseph R. , Shulman Stanford T.
Published: September 2021

This review discusses the recent literature (2006–2020) about the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of infants with congenital or perinatal tuberculosis (TB). While the incidence of childhood TB is declining in the United States and worldwide, many case reports describe how clinical suspicion for neonatal TB is raised only if an ill-appearing neonate does not improve with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Furthermore, the delay in initiating appropriate anti-TB therapy often results in the need for significant cardiopulmonary support and/or an increase in mortality. This review summarizes important clinical indications in the maternal and newborn history, the evaluation of an infant with possible TB exposure, and step-by-step recommendations for the treatment and follow-up of infants with TB.
Advancing Women to Leadership Positions Through Individual Actions and Institutional Reform
Authors: Alli Adebisi , Lin Tammy , Thorndyke Luanne E. , Parekh Ranna , Núñez Ana E.
Published: September 2021

In this case-based guide, we offer strategies and solutions for advancing women leaders, including tackling career transitions; we highlight individual actions and achievable institutional reforms.

Women in medicine experience disparities in the workplace and in achieving leadership roles. They face challenges related to climate and culture, equitable compensation, work-life integration, opportunities for professional development and advancement, and occupational and systemic factors that can lead to burnout. Without specific resources to support women’s development and advancement and promote conducive workplace climates, efforts to recruit, retain, and promote women physicians into leadership roles may be futile. This article is designed for 2 audiences: women physicians of all career stages, who are exploring factors that may adversely impact their advancement opportunities, and leaders in academic medicine and health care, who seek to achieve inclusive excellence by fully engaging talent. The need for greater representation of women leaders in medicine is both a moral and a business imperative that requires systemic changes. Individuals and institutional leaders can apply the practical strategies and solutions presented to catalyze successful recruitment, retention, and promotion of women leaders and widespread institutional reform.
The Path Forward: Using Metrics to Promote Equitable Work Environments
Authors: Cansino Catherine , Khanna Kajal , Johnson Bhembe Xenia , Overholser Barbara , Burstin Helen R. , Spector Nancy D.
Published: September 2021

Women continue to be underrepresented in medicine, especially in senior leadership positions, and they experience challenges related to gender bias and sexual harassment. Women who are members of multiple groups that experience marginalization, including, for example, women who are American Indian, Alaskan native, indigenous, Black, or Hispanic, face a compounded challenge. In this article, we explore how institutions and professional organizations in medicine can use metrics to better understand the structural disparities that create and promote gender inequity in the work environment and how to employ these metrics to track progress in narrowing these gaps. Examples in health care (clinical medicine, scientific organizations, scientific publishing), business, and law are used to illustrate how impactful metrics can promote accountability when coupled with transparent reporting.
Technology of political branding during the parliamentary election campaign 2019 in Ukraine: an analysis of successful cases
Authors: Slipetska Julija
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of features and patterns of formation of party brands, analyzes colors, party symbols, key slogans of parliamentary parties in 2019. The essence of the concept of "political brand" and "party brand" is clarified, their characteristics and structure are defined. Article outlines the features of the processes of virtualization and mediatization of politics, pointing to the place of the political and party brand in these processes. The author outlines the features of political branding as a technology of political marketing, analyzes the technology of formation and promotion of political and party brand. Examining the practical experience of using political branding by modern Ukrainian political parties during the parliamentary election campaign in 2019, the author points to successful cases and explains their features. Installed. that the party brand is a virtual social phenomenon that creates in voter a sense of belonging to a particular community.It was found, that the common features of all party brands include: the presence of integral components of the party brand, the hypertrophied nature of the personal factor in the construction and promotion of political and party brand, the use of political advertising, co-branding and "star brand". Established, that the party brands of modern parliamentary parties of Ukraine can be identified as those that are recognizable by the majority of the population, have similar popularity at both local and national levels, have potential for long stay in the political space, are constantly mentioned in the media. It was revealed, that the distinctive features of party brands during the 2019 election campaign are various communication channels in which the brand is popularized, as well as the dominant technology of brand construction.
Content and relationship between the main categories of the modern security environment
Authors: Kryvoshein Vitaliy
Published: September 2021

The study aims to analyse the connection among types of security intimidations: threats, challenges, vulnerabilities, and security risks, to establish the rapport between national and global threats, to review critical issues of the security environment.The study’s relevance is that the concept of security needs to be updated in the current changes in the global security context and the emergence of an increasing number and variety of threats under the transformations that are taking place. The research shows how the reconceptualization of security in the late twentieth century was influenced by global contextual changes associated with the end of the Cold War and the use of constructivist approaches in the social sciences. This dual change has led to a rethinking of security challenges in the second decade of the 21st century, leading to increased interest in this study. It is exposed that the concepts of vulnerability and risk are used not only in the context of foreign and defence policy, but also concerning ecologic security challenges caused by global environmental change, climate change and dangers and disasters, where there is no consensus within and among the community on vulnerability, and risks. In conclusion, it is proved that conceptual thinking on security threats has necessitated precise definition and consensus on these concepts, especially on practical policy measures to achieve agreed goals, and systematization of types of threats to all types of security and life support. It is determined that the degradation of traditional political institutions, against the background of the degeneration of the established international law system and order, cause the emergence of new threats to national security and, accordingly, political, as its subcategories. It is noted that modern researchers have paid little attention to studying the connection between the concepts of political security, state security and threats to state security. In the context of new globalization threats, states are facing a change in the security context and need to review security strategies and update the discourse on political and national security.
The Genesis of Socio-Philosophical Understanding of the Peace and War Relationship in the Social World Development
Authors: Pavlenko Iva
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to research the genesis of the relationship between peace and war in the development of the social world was determined. It was found that the social world in concrete historical manifestations was considered by philosophers through the functioning of state-building processes of government and self-organization, and the absolutization of one of them led to war, and harmonization – to peace. The stages of formation of the problem were traced and the traditions of understanding the social world were determined. The first stage was characterized by the study of the world as a cosmic phenomenon – in the natural philosophical, mythological and cosmogonic traditions – and social – in the socio-organic, polis, paternalistic-subject traditions. The second stage – the dominance of the theocentric position – was characterized by the distinction between Heaven and Earth. The third stage – modernism – was marked by the dominance of the objectified world in connection with the invention of printing, the development of the institute of education, institutionalization of science. The fourth – stage of industrial institutionalization and world institutions, which was characterized by the consideration of peace and war as a world phenomenon, marked by ideological, idealistic, materialistic, managerial, psychological and peacekeeping traditions. In the fifth – the stage of information and virtual worlds formation, which took place in the integrity of the relationship “society – technology”, it was highlighted the system-holistic tradition. The sixth is the modern stage of the synergetic world, defined by the phenomena of hybrid and network war and peace and connected with the hybrid, network and synergetic traditions. Here the problem of the world as a whole in the dynamic uncertainty and technological aspect of the subjects’ activity is actualized.
Business in the mirror of sociological theorization
Authors: Hots Alina
Published: September 2021

The article emphasizes the importance of researching the definition of "business" in a sociological perspective, its theoretical disclosure and analysis. Business is a significant engine of the economy of any country, from the provision of jobs to the coverage of the demand of the population in certain goods and services, which causes the relevance of scientific research of the concept. Due to theoretical analysis and analysis of statistical data, empirical research data, business is revealed in the light of sociological theorization. The article emphasizes the proximity of the concepts of "business" and "entrepreneurship" in scientific discourse. The influence of scientists in the formation, implementation and deepening of the term was evaluated. Based on this, special attention is paid to the delimelation of the concepts of "entrepreneurship" and "business", where three points of view developed in scientific discourse are revealed. This is a complete definition of concepts and their distinction (in one case, business is considered as a broader concept than entrepreneurship, and in the other – vice versa). In sociology, it is customary to separate these concepts, and consider business as a more meaningful concept. It was established that business is an organized business with a more predictable profit, and entrepreneurship is an activity associated with risk. Business entities, business purpose, functions (latent and explicit) are distinguished, which indicates a certain structure of the concept. It has been found that today there is a wide classification of business according to various criteria, such as business size, ownership form, type of economic activity. Focus on size criteria above all. Small, medium and large businesses are distinguished, statistical and sociological data on these types and their distribution in the country are presented. It was established that business is considered as a social institution in sociology, its institutional character is shown. It was found out that business is a multidiscipnomal economic activity, a social institution of society aimed at obtaining projected profits through the creation and sale of certain products or services.
Рhilosophical understanding of philosophy. Higher school without philosophy.
Authors: Oblova Liudmyla
Published: September 2021

The conversation raises the question of the universal understanding of philosophy in order to question about the level of the contemporary's ability to understand philosophy in accordance with its original way of being. The statement of the question is connected with the catchy oddities of the current situation. We are talking about the current desire of the philosophizing community to justify the benefits of philosophy, and its substantive presence in the academic environment through the development of "competence philosophies". The spreading philosophies of "what you want", with a departure in the partial moments of a given problem, communicate a system of certain truths. But is it being introduced into a philosophical state? And do they preserve philosophy itself? Also, today, there are enough proposals to convey philosophical thought in a world separation from institutionalization. But, by all means, a fashionable and famous thinker. Or philosophize along with something attractive. With a scandal, for example. Basically, such offers are in demand. Therefore, thinking “for the money” is actively scattering. I will call this philosophy through subscription.At the same time, the applications offer spicy or hot topics with the prefix: a philosophical meeting, a philosophical view, a philosophical understanding. What do the joint stays of people who associate with the philosophy attached to the vital lead to? The aim of the article is to study the level of a contemporary's ability to understand philosophy in accordance with its original way of being. The main tasks are: 1) assessment of the current situation of actively spreading innovative teaching of philosophy; 2) analysis of the thinking of a person who is in a position where, on the one hand, “competence-based philosophy” and “craft philosophy” are being strengthened, on the other hand, the philosophy of the academy is removed from classical universities as unnecessary - under the conditions of the global market; 3) view of philosophy as an absolute unity.Research methods: The research is based on the metatheoretical method, since it allows one to describe philosophy in an inalienable way, in accordance with its nature. Avoiding methodological confusion, metatheory makes it possible to examine philosophy formally and encourage thinking, testing its power.For reflection, the comparability of the experiences of philosophy in itself and of the involved philosophy is proposed.
Is Islamic Banking in Turkey really interest-free?
Authors: Ercan Harun , Karahanoglu Ilhami , Walter György
Published: September 2021

Islamic Finance receives more attention due to the growing need for financial services in countries with a Muslim population. However, the rules of Islam and its applications in daily life cause conflicts in today's conventional financial system. Since interest gains are prohibited in Islam according to the Quran, Islamic banks develop and use interest-free methods, unlike the conventional banking system. Islamic Finance introduced profit-sharing ratios to replace interest rates and to increase the participation of religious investors in the financial system. In this research, we compare interest rates with profit-sharing ratios in the Turkish banking market. We use wavelet and historical correlation analysis as a new methodology in evaluating the association between these two factors. Although it is presumed that Islamic banks operate as interest-free banks, our analysis confirms former studies and finds that profit-sharing ratios are highly correlated and coherent with interest rates in Turkey. We also find small differences among Islamic banks on how quickly profit-sharing ratios follow the market interest rate changes.
Effect of lactic acid and lysozyme on river fish fillets during cold storage
Authors: Nguyen Lien Le Phuong
Published: September 2021

Presented work evaluated how quality of catfish fillets is affected by treatments using lactic acid or lysozyme in combination with chlorine. Fish fillets without skin were consecutively immersed and washed in 100 ppm chlorine solution and sprayed with 2.5% lactic acid or 0.5% lysozyme solution. Control samples were only washed with water at the same time. Samples were stored at 2 °C for 10 days in vacuum packaging. Parameters of pH, firmness, surface color and microbial cell counts (cfu/g) were measured on the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th days. Especially the latter had high importance from the point of view of food safety. Catfish fillets shown decreased survival of microorganisms as a result of treatment. Lysozyme and lactic acid achieved 1.8 and 2.4 log cfu/g reduction, respectively. Lower cell counts were observed for all treated samples compared to control during 10 days. Chlorine in combination with lactic acid achieved the best efficiency. The results are promising and suggest that combined treatment is able to improve safety by controlling microorganisms on fish fillets during cold storage.
Financiamento da educação e o gasto por aluno: entre avanços e recuos
Authors: Ramos Jorge Marcos , Tavares Sergio Marcus Nogueira
Published: September 2021

Visando promover alteração do papel do Estado, em 1988 foi promulgada a Constituição chamada Cidadã tendo como marca principal a ampliação dos direitos sociais em especial o direito à educação pública, gratuita e de qualidade. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi apresentar o percurso histórico em relação ao financiamento da educação no Brasil como uma vinculação de percentuais mínimos dos recursos tributários e os riscos para o país em abordar o assunto referente ao investimento financeiro na educação observando somente o percentual do PIB sem levar em conta outras variáveis, em especialo número de pessoas em idade escolar. Foi realizada revisão de literatura, visando discorrer sobre o financiamento público da educação. Foram considerados artigos, dissertações, teses, livros e documentos legais publicados nos últimos dez anos (2011-2020), escritos em português, inglês e espanhol. Esperar somente que a dinâmica natural de redução da população em idade educacional como recurso para o aumento do investimento por aluno é um risco, pois nessa perspectiva muitos serão àqueles que não terão acesso a uma educação de qualidade e ficarão, uma vez mais, excluídos do desenvolvimento para a cidadania.