bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality in Terrorist Attacks: A Unique Modal of Temporal Death Distribution
Authors: Shapira S. C. , Adatto‐Levi R. , Avitzour M. , Rivkind A. I. , Gertsenshtein I. , Mintz Y.
Published: September 2006

Background

Terror‐related multiple casualty incidents (MCI) in Israel since September 2000 have resulted in a new pattern of injury as a result of the mechanisms of trauma. The objective of this study was to asses the temporal death distribution among the civilian casualties in the Jerusalem vicinity during a 3‐year period.

Methods

All terrorist attacks in the Jerusalem district from September 2000 to September 2003 were included in this study. The data of all deaths were processed including the time of the attack, the evacuation time to the hospitals, and the time of death.

Results

During the study period 28 terror‐related MCI occurred. A total of 2328 victims were injured and 273 died, for an overall fatality rate of 11.7%. A unique temporal death distribution was identified; 82.8% of the deaths occurred immediately, at the scene of the attack (scene death); of the remaining 17.2% of patients who died in the hospital, half died within 4 hours of arrival (immediate death), one quarter within 5–24 hours (early death), and one quarter later than that (late death). The temporal death distribution was significantly different when classifying the mechanism of trauma to suicide bombings versus shooting. The scene mortality was higher in the suicide bombings than in shooting attacks (86.7% versus 77%, P = 0.039 ). In contrast, the mortality within 1–24 hours was higher in the shooting attacks (17% versus 6.3%, P = 0.05).

Conclusions

Terror‐related MCI occurring in civilian settings have a unique temporal death distribution. A very high scene mortality is seen compared to the classical description of Donald Trunkey1 in 1983. The late deaths, which composed 30% of the mortality in civilian settings, comprise only 4.4% of the total mortality in MCIs. A rough estimate of the in‐hospital mortality could be achieved after the first 4 hours, allowing the assessment and distribution of hospital resources. Futile care should be identified early and availability of ICU beds can be calculated according to the immediate mortality.
Is the Quality of Life Better in Patients with Colostomy than Patients with Fecal Incontience?
Authors: Colquhoun Patrick , Kaiser Roberto , Efron Jonathan , Weiss Eric G. , Nogueras Juan J. , Vernava Anthony M. , Wexner Steven D.
Published: September 2006

Background

A colostomy offers definitive treatment for individuals with fecal incontinence (FI). Patients and physicians remain apprehensive regarding this option because the quality of life (QOL) with a colostomy is presumably worse than living with FI. The aim of this study, therefore, was to compare the QOL of colostomy patients to patients with FI.

Methods

A cross‐sectional postal survey of patients with FI or an end colostomy was undertaken. QOL measures used included the Short Form 36 General Quality of Life Assessment (SF‐36) and the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life score (FIQOL).

Results

The colostomy group included 39 patients and the FI group included 71 patients. The average FI score for FI group was 12 ± 4.9 (0 = complete continence, 20 = severe incontinence). In the colostomy group the average colostomy function score was 12.9 ± 3.8 (7 = good function, 35 = poor function). Analysis of the SF‐36 revealed higher social function score in the colostomy group compared to the FI group. Analysis of the FIQOL revealed higher scores in the coping, embarrassment, lifestyle scales, and depression scales in the colostomy group compared to the FI group.

Conclusion

A colostomy is a viable option for patients who suffer from FI and offers a definitive cure with improved QOL.
Re‐evaluation of the relationship between rodent populations and acorn masting: a review from the aspect of nutrients and defensive chemicals in acorns
Authors: Shimada Takuya , Saitoh Takashi
Published: September 2006

The responses of rodent populations to acorn masting were examined by reviewing 17 studies from the aspect of acorn nutrients and defensive chemicals. Oak species were grouped into three types based on their acorn nutritional characteristics by cluster analysis: Type 1 acorns (two North American red oaks, subgenus Erythrobalanus) were high in tannins and high in fat and proteins (and consequently rich in metabolizable energy); Type 2 acorns (two Japanese evergreen oaks, Cyclobalanopsis; three Japanese deciduous oaks, Lepidobalanus; one North American white oak, Lepidobalanus) were high in tannins but low in fat and proteins; and Type 3 acorns (one Cyclobalanopsis species; seven Lepidobalanus species) were low in tannins and had intermediate levels of fat and proteins. These three acorn groups were nutritionally, and thereby ecologically, not equivalent. Rodents, in general, responded differently to acorn masting depending on their feeding habits and the nutritional characteristics of acorns. Granivorous rodents showed positive responses to masting of Type 1 and 3 acorns, whereas rodents with feeding habits intermediate between granivory and herbivory showed positive responses to masting of Type 3 acorns. In addition, for herbivorous rodents, the responses to masting of any types of acorns have not been reported. The present findings emphasize that the relationship between rodents and acorn masting should not easily be generalized, because there are large variations in characteristics of both acorns and rodents. The viewpoint presented in this review could offer more convincing interpretations to the contradictory observations, found in the studies reviewed, on the response of rodent populations to acorn masting.
Peridinin–chlorophyll–protein reconstituted with chlorophyll mixtures: Preparation, bulk and single molecule spectroscopy
Authors: Brotosudarmo T.H.P. , Hofmann E. , Hiller R.G. , Wörmke S. , Mackowski S. , Zumbusch A. , Bräuchle C. , Scheer H.
Published: September 2006

Reconstitution of the 16 kDa N‐terminal domain of the peridinin–chlorophyll–protein, N‐PCP, with mixtures of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chl b, resulted in 32 kDa complexes containing two pigment clusters, each bound to one N‐PCP. Besides homo‐chlorophyllous complexes, hetero‐chlorophyllous ones were obtained that contain Chl a in one pigment cluster, and Chl b in the other. Binding of Chl b is stronger than that of the native pigment, Chl a. Energy transfer from Chl b to Chl a is efficient, but there are only weak interactions between the two pigments. Individual homo‐ and hetero‐chlorophyllous complexes were investigated by single molecule spectroscopy using excitation into the peridinin absorption band and scanning of the Chl fluorescence, the latter show frequently well resolved emissions of the two pigments.
Functional analysis of a calcium‐binding transcription factor involved in plant salt stress signaling
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Kim Ho-Young
Published: September 2006

Calcium is known to serve as a secondary messenger to mediate salt stress signaling pathway. We found a calcium‐binding basic/helix‐loop‐helix‐type transcription factor (AtNIG1) as a salt stress‐responsive gene by using the suppression subtractive hybridization. The AtNIG1 was targeted into nucleus and bound to 45Ca2+, suggesting that AtNIG1 is a nuclear calcium‐binding protein. In addition, AtNIG1 bound specifically to the E‐box‐DNA sequence (CANNTG), which is found in the promoter regions of many salt stress‐related genes. Functional analyses with an atnig1‐1 knockout mutant revealed that the mutant plants show enhanced sensitivity to salt stress. Further analyses indicated that the atnig1‐1 plants have reduced survival rate, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and protein content upon salt stress, suggesting that the AtNIG1 plays a critical role in plant salt stress signaling. Therefore, this study represents that AtNIG1 is the first known calcium‐binding transcription factor involved in plant salt stress signaling.
The nucleotide exchange factor activity of Grp170 may explain the non‐lethal phenotype of loss of Sil1 function in man and mouse
Authors: Weitzmann Andreas , Volkmer Jörg , Zimmermann Richard
Published: September 2006

Recent genetic work characterized homozygous mutations in the SIL1 gene as cause for the neurodegeneration that is associated with Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome in man and the woozy mouse mutant. All reported mutations were expected to result in loss of Sil1 function. Sil1 has previously been shown to act as nucleotide exchange factor for the molecular chaperone immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the yeast ER Lhs1p was shown to be able to substitute for Sil1p and to represent an alternative nucleotide exchange activity. Therefore, by analogy the mammalian ortholog of Lhs1p, Grp170, was suggested to be able to compensate for the loss of Sil1 function in many mammalian organs. Here we characterize mammalian Grp170 as alternative nucleotide exchange factor for BiP, thus providing a likely explanation for the non‐lethal phenotype of the homozygous human and murine SIL1 mutations.
Identification and characterization of selenoprotein K: An antioxidant in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Lu Cailing , Qiu Feichan , Zhou Haijun , Peng Yong , Hao Wei , Xu Jialin , Yuan Jiangang , Wang Shizhen , Qiang Boqin , Xu Caimin , Peng Xiaozhong
Published: September 2006

Selenoprotein K (SelK) is a newly identified selenoprotein. We showed that selenium incorporation into SelK was dependent on the 3′UTR of SelK mRNA. Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) RNA binding assays demonstrated that human SBP2 bound to the SelK SECIS element through the conserved non‐Watson–Crick base pair quartet but not the AAT motif. Examination of the expression pattern revealed that human SelK mRNA was highly expressed in heart. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that SelK localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Using SelK recombinant adenovirus, we found that overexpression of SelK attenuated the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and protected cells from oxidative stress‐induced toxicity in cardiomyocytes. Our findings indicated that SelK is a novel antioxidant in cardiomyocytes and is related to the regulation of cellular redox balance.
UCP3 in muscle wasting, a role in modulating lipotoxicity?
Authors: Minnaard Ronnie , Schrauwen Patrick , Schaart Gert , Hesselink Matthijs K.C.
Published: September 2006

UCP3 has been postulated to function in the defense against lipid‐induced oxidative muscle damage (lipotoxicity). We explored this hypothesis during cachexia in rats (zymosan‐induced sepsis), a condition characterized by increased oxidative stress and supply of fatty acids to the muscle. Muscle UCP3 protein content was increased 2, 6 and 11 days after zymosan injection. Plasma FFA levels were increased at day 2, but dropped below control levels on days 6 and 11. Muscular levels of the lipid peroxidation byproduct 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE) were increased at days 6 and 11 in zymosan‐treated rats, supporting a role for UCP3 in modulating lipotoxicity during cachexia.
E2F factors rate controls the dual role of CDE/E2F composite element: A model of E2F‐regulated gene expression in plant development
Authors: Lincker Frédéric , Messmer Mélanie , Houlné Guy , Devic Martine , Chabouté Marie-Edith
Published: September 2006

The promoters of several E2F‐regulated genes identified in plants contain a variety of E2F motifs, notably a composite element consisting of a “CDE‐like element” C/GGCGG on one strand, described as repressor in animals, associated with an E2F element on the complementary strand. This detailed study throughout plant development using ribonucleotide reductase promoters, allows us to propose a model, where E2F and composite elements play a dual role. Such regulation is mainly conditioned by the availability of E2F factors in tissues and during the cell cycle in tobacco.
Variation in the abundance of sandeels Ammodytes marinus off southeast Scotland: an evaluation of area-closure fisheries management and stock abundance assessment methods
Authors: Greenstreet Simon P.R. , Armstrong Eric , Mosegaard Henrik , Jensen Henrik , Gibb Iain M. , Fraser Helen M. , Scott Beth E. , Holland Gayle J. , Sharples Jonathan
Published: September 2006

In 2000, a sandeel fishery off SE Scotland, which commenced in the early 1990s, was closed in response to concerns that the fishery was having a deleterious effect on seabird breeding performance at colonies in the vicinity of the fishing grounds. Fishery-derived catch per unit effort (cpue) data are used together with three different fishery-independent survey techniques (acoustic, demersal trawl, and nocturnal grab survey) to assess variation in sandeel Ammodytes marinus population biomass in the area over the period 1997–2003, a period that included the last three years that the fishery was operating and the first four years of the sandeel fishing moratorium. Temporal trends in estimates of sandeel biomass derived from these different assessment methods were inconsistent and, on the basis of these alone, it was not possible to determine whether sandeel population biomass in the area had increased following the closure of the fishery. The different survey methods assess different components of the sandeel population; acoustic survey and fishery cpue quantified sandeels active in the water column, whilst demersal trawl survey quantified sandeels buried in the sediments. These data were collected at a time of year when sandeels were moving between the seabed sediments and the overlying water column. A grab survey also quantified sandeels buried in the sediment, but these data were collected at a time of year when the entire population should have been buried in the sediment. Differences between the different time-series were reconciled by taking account of the cumulative total primary production in each year prior to the surveys. On the basis of this, a model was developed that utilized acoustic and demersal trawl survey data to estimate the total sandeel population biomass. This model was validated using the nocturnal grab-survey data. The modelled data indicated that the biomass of sandeels 1+ years old increased sharply in the first year of the closure and remained higher in all four of the closure years than in any of the preceding three years, when the fishery was operating. The biomass of 0-group sandeels in three of the four closure years exceeded the biomass present in the three years of commercial fishing. Whereas the response of 1+ sandeels may have been a direct consequence of the closure, this is not likely to have been the case in respect of 0-group sandeels. The closure appears to have coincided with a period of enhanced recruit production.
A Program Proposal for New Technology Assessment
Authors: Whittenburg Catherine
Published: September 2006

New perioperative technology is developing constantly. To ensure the integration of quality, effectiveness, efficacy, and efficiency in patient care, an overall structure to new technology assessment should be implemented. This program for technology assessment, evaluation, and implementation was created to be a cohesive process using both human and monetary resources and to incorporate a cooperative plan used by all services within the mission of the hospital and under the guidance of administrative services. AORN J 61 (Feb 1995) 391–399.
Risk Factors in Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Conversion to Open Cholecystectomy
Authors: Fay Margaret F.
Published: September 2006

Risk Factors in Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Conversion to Open Cholecystectomy, J.R. Sanabria, Journal of the American College of Surgeons, Vol 179, December 1994, 696–704
About some traps set by ‘crude’ repertorization methods
Authors: Fichefet J.
Published: September 2006

Homœopathic treatment is individualized. Computerized repertories have been using a number of different methods of selecting medicines. The dangers of simplistic methods are discussed. The theory of voting can be applied to homœopathic repertorization, with different methods producing conflicting results. The logical structure of different procedures and their relationship to the competence of the prescriber is discussed.
Systematic investigation of the decision process in homœopathy
Authors: Liagre R. , Van Haselen R.A.
Published: September 2006

Plans for two pilot studies concerning the homœopathic treatment of chronic and acute otitis media are presented. The intention of these studies is not only to look at the efficacy of the homœopathic treatment as a whole but also to investigate the efficacy of the individualized decision strategies. Based on the homœopathic literature a selection of decision strategies has been made. The reader is asked to criticize and supplement the chosen decision strategies.
Homœopathic treatment of cholera in Peru:
Authors: Gaucher C. , Jeulin D. , Peycru P.
Published: September 2006

The medical charity Homéopaths sans Frontières sent a mission to a shanty town in Peru during the current cholera epidemic. Homœopathic treatment was combined with fluid and electrolyte therapy. Results appeared favourable. A small-scale uncontrolled study is reported. Further studies are being undertaken.
Lac caninum: Anxiety, yearning and inability
Authors: Gnaiger Jutta
Published: September 2006

Lac caninum—the best-known milk remedy—points to milk allergy but much more to the early conflict in the mother-child relationship. Any further relationship is ambivalent and unfulfilled. Likewise, the patient remains insecure towards himself, experiencing many fears. These eight case histories are intended to help understand this forgotten medicine which has now become really opportune.
Allergic asthma
Authors: Gnaiger Jutta
Published: September 2006

Successful treatment with a homœopathic drug may be considered scientific proof. Every cure verifies the hypothesis established in selecting the indicated drug for a particular patient according to the law of similars, for the drug does not act unless it matches the complete range of symptoms presented by the patient in question, covering aetiology, mental symptoms, constitution, the type of disorder involved and local symptoms.

Two patients, each with a long history of allergic asthma, are presented. Sepia proved effective, with both patients practically symptom-free for two years. The drug picture of Sepia is discussed with regard to both aetiology and constitution, as are other current views concerning the causes of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract. Noteworthy aspects are suppressed infectious conditions, sycosis (lithaemic and rheumatic diathesis combined) and lack of reactivity.
Homœopathic treatment of patients with adenomas of the prostate
Authors: Simeonova N.K. , Vozianov A.F.
Published: September 2006

37 patients with prostatic adenomas were treated with homœopathy for 6–9 months in an open study. Most showed subjective improvement in urinary and sexual function and improved objective measures of urinary function. Testosterone levels rose, but there was no reduction in size of the prostate on ultrasound. Possible modes of action are discussed.
Homœopathic treatment of filariasis
Authors: Mishra N. , Rai Y. , Rakshit G. , Pattnaik N.M. , Subramanyam V.R.
Published: September 2006

A single-blind study was conducted to assess the effect of homœopathic treatment on cases of bancroftian filariasis. Based on the predominant symptom, the filariasis cases were grouped as adenitis, genitalia involvement, lymphoedema and mastitis. Effect of treatment with homœopathic drugs were assessed by comparing with groups treated with placebo. Filiariasis cases treated with homœopathic medicines showed a better improved/not improved ratio (2.0) compared with cases treated with placebo (0.46). The results indicate that the improvements derived from homœopathic medicines are statistically highly significant (p<0.001).
The personality of Hahnemann
Authors: Leary Bernard
Published: September 2006

The writings of Hahnemann are discussed with particular reference to his attacks on the medical profession. His intolerance of disagreement is explored. The question is raised as to whether his personality played a part in the generally negative reception of his ideas.
Climbing activity in frogs and the effect of highly diluted succussed thyroxine
Authors: Pongratz W. , Kastberger G. , Wiegant F.A.C. , Haidvogel M. , Endler P.C.
Published: September 2006

The experiments investigate the influence of extremely dilute thyroxine (T4) in special ‘homœopathic’ preparation (dilution T4.30x) on the spontaneous tendency of juvenile frogs to leave the water and climb on land. Climbing activity was suppressed by dilution T4.30x, with statistical significance both in comparison to the effect of the ‘potentized’ preparation of the solvent (dilution H2O.30x) as well as in comparison to the control observations before the start of the treatment. Finally, in the search for optimal treatment duration, it was shown that exposure to the dilutions for even a few minutes sufficed to cause significant effects.
Enuresis and its homoeopathic treatment
Authors: Cortina Jorge
Published: September 2006

20 children suffering from enuresis were treated in an open trial with Ilex paraguensis (maté tea). The treatment lasted 2 months. The results were complete disappearance of the enuresis and improvement in the psychological symptoms in 50%. 10% of patients improved at the start of the treatment but relapsed. 40% did not respond to treatment.
Homoeopathic prescribing in the late 19th century
Authors: Leary Bernard
Published: September 2006

The discovery of the records of the London Homoeopathic Hospital dating from 1889 to 1923 has given the opportunity to study prescribing methods in the pre- and post-Kentian periods. In particular, it has given a detailed insight into late 19th century ideas which has not been available before. A pilot study has demonstrated the common remedies employed and their potencies. Further research is needed to determine, if possible, the reasons for selection of remedies and the relative efficacy of the 2 contrasting systems of prescription.
The perennial challenge of anomalies at the frontiers of science
Authors: Rubik Beverly
Published: September 2006

The history of science is full of rejections of novel discoveries that challenged the dominant paradigm. The reasons for rejection on the part of the scientific community are discussed. Nonetheless, scientific anomalies are crucial to promoting continuous scientific innovation and breakthroughs. The most challenging anomalies are recognized only after a reasoned explanation has been offered and accepted. Many of these anomalies come from the ‘frontier sciences’, areas of scientific inquiry that are not yet mainstream. The extraordinary obstacles that frontier scientists face are elaborated. In the light of this, strategies are offered toward progress, particularly for research in homoeopathy and low dose bio-effects.

Several frontier areas of research in biology and medicine relate to the subtler features of life that seem to defy explanation by conventional molecular mechanism. Frontier scientists working in the areas of consciousness studies, epigenetic inheritance, certain topics in bio-electromagnetics, and homoeopathy and other low dose bio-effects offer science the gift of new questions that go beyond the dominant paradigm of mechanical reductionism. Often regarded as isolated anomalies by the mainstream, the results of their investigations taken collectively show need for a larger paradigm to accommodate them. Biology appears to entering a crisis. Whereas conventional science maintains that biological information is stored and transferred via biomolecular structures such as DNA, the novel frontier findings suggest that other informational signals not attributable to discrete chemical structures may elicit biological effects. These signals may be interacting with a more subtle bioregulatory system that is a property of the whole organism, such as its endogenous electromagnetic field.
Case records in general practice
Authors: Pratt Noel J
Published: September 2006

The author regularly collected histories of patients receiving homœopathic treatment, over a 30-year period, using a standardized case record. The case record is described. Analysis of 1,500 such records yields useful data on patients, prescribing patterns and rate of improvement.
How I treat Crohn's disease
Authors: Jack R.A.F.
Published: September 2006

A retrospective review of 16 patients suffering from Crohn's disease. All patients had been diagnosed, fully investigated and treated in hospital and were still under consultant surveillance. They consulted privately for homœopathic treatment between 1978 and 1991.
General practice management of gastrointestinal problems assisted by Vegatest techniques
Authors: Fox Anthony D.
Published: September 2006

90 patients first seen by me in 1989 in whom the primary problem was in the gastrointestinal system were sent a questionnaire to assess a) their immediate progress in 1989 and b) how they have progressed since then. All were assessed for possible food intolerance and the relevant biological medicine using the Vegatest system. Of the 70 patients who replied, 30 (42%) did well initially, 59 (84%) are much improved compared to before treatment. Many had symptoms affecting other organs. A wide range of non-tolerated foods were encountered.
Endometriosis and homœopathy
Authors: Hunton Mollie
Published: September 2006

8 consecutive patients with endometriosis were followed up from 1 to 4 years to assess the efficacy of homœopathic treatment. All had laparoscopic grading of their endometriosis. All improved with treatment.
The nails and diagnosis in homœopathy
Authors: Bouko Levy Michel M.
Published: September 2006

The nails are continuously growing structures which reflect many aspects of the body's functions. The anatomy and physiology of the nails is described. Abnormal appearances of the nails are described in terms of: General appearance, form, colour, structural abnormalities and nail biting. The implications of various appearances of the nails of different digits for prescribing are described.
The application of a new biological heart-rate recorder to the study of the action on the frog heart of small doses of Crataegus, Digitalis, Strophanthus gratus and of trace doses of Strophanthus sarmentosus
Authors: Boyd W.E.
Published: September 2006

Experiments were carried out on 367 frogs.
Mercury and its salts
Authors: Stewart T. Fergus
Published: September 2006

This paper on Mercury and its salts has:

Compared Henry VIII's symptoms with the proving of Mercury;

Discussed the indications on which Mercury preparations were prescribed for a series of patients;

Mentioned individual remedies' outstanding symptoms not demonstrated by the case histories.
What is allopathy?
Authors: Stewart T.F.
Published: September 2006

This paper has indicated that modern scientific medicine is quite different from “allopathy” which was originally defined as suppression of disease symptoms by an agent producing the opposite symptoms.

The term Homœopathy does not express cure and it is suggested that a new term such as Symptom Stimulation Cure or the initials S.S.C. might be more acceptable.

Hahnemann's four original examples of allopathic treatment, i.e., laxatives, blood letting, alkalis and opiates are discussed in the light of modern medicine which confirms his criticisms of this method, which is not the best in acute illness and is harmful in chronic disease.

Drug addiction and the abuse of mood altering drugs are given as examples of the dangers of allopathic practice today.

Modern scientific medicine has accepted most of what Hahnemann taught, but still refuses to consider the minimal dose.
Emotional stress in the aetiology of cancer
Authors: Hamilton James
Published: September 2006

1 This paper is based on a study of sixteen patients suffering from various forms of cancer. These patients were found in general practice.

2 In these patients the malignant disease was found in breasts, stomach, colon, rectum, uterus, larynx and lungs.

3 It was found that these sixteen patients had histories of both somatic and psychological illnesses for varying periods before the presence of cancer was detected. None had a clean bill of health before the onset of cancer.

4 A study and assessment of the personalities of the patients were made. These referred to the periods before and during the development of cancer.

5 The presence of psychological symptoms resulting from emotional stress previous to the development of cancer was noted in all cases.

6 It was noted that in many patients, the symptoms of cancer developed gradually and were aggravated during periods of severe emotional distress.

7 The psychological stress produced symptoms predominantly related to fear, anxiety, apprehension, grief and depression, anger and resentment.

8 The hypothesis that, from a study of these sixteen patients, cancer may have the characteristics of a psychosomatic disease, was explored.

9 It would appear from the evidence of these cases that a more detailed scientific study of cancer cases would be profitable, to asses with greater precision the hypothesis that unpleasant emotional stress plays a part in the aetiology of at least some forms of cancer.
The signature of the planet Mercury in plants
Authors: Fyfe Agnes
Published: September 2006

• Plant sap tests made at the times of constellations of the planet Mercury show cup forms which are comparable with those that can be produced by adding mercury salts in solution to the gold reagent.

• The cup form appears to be specific to the planet Mercury and the metal of the same name.

• This connection is demonstrable only as it works in plant saps.

• The cup forms appear prior to constellations, disappear during their course and reappear afterwards. These events seem to enhance the forces of the planet.

• In cases of doubt, the “true” moment of a constellation can be determined from the plant test.

• Constellations are never repeated under the same circumstances in the heavens. Because of this, variations appear each time in the pictures, and the duration of planetary influence on the plant also varies.

• Some conditions are favourable, other unfavourable for the observation of the Mercury influence.

• Many years' observation of how the world of the stars is reflected in mistletoe sap makes it possible to forecast the probable quality of the sap from plants picked at a future date, so that the most favourable days may be chosen for gathering mistletoe for therapeutic use.

Favourable as a rule are: constellations that take place when they can run their course undisturbed by others, and also the times when the planet is at elevation.

Unfavourable as a rule: closely following sequences of constellations especially where the Moon is involved and likely to be strong in effect.
The effect of copper sulphate on the growth of the alga Chlorella
Authors: Moss Victor A. , Roberts J. Alan , Keith H. , Simpson L.
Published: September 2006

• The actions of dilutions and potencies of copper sulphate on the growth of Chlorella were studied in order to determine whether a potency of copper sulphate was beneficial to a culture of Chlorella which had been poisoned by copper sulphate.

• The growth rate of Chlorella in Chu 10 culture medium was greatly reduced by a concentration of copper sulphate of 10−5 Molar (M). Algae grown in Moyse culture medium, which contain 3·2×10−7 M copper sulphate, were less sensitive to copper sulphate. Chlorella whose growth had been inhibited by copper sulphate was, when resuspended in fresh culture medium, more sensitive to further added copper sulphate than normal algae.

• Potencies of copper sulphate prepared in the laboratory, in the concentration range 4c (4×10−8 M) to 15c had no effect on the growth of either normal or poisoned algae.

• Several batches of a 15c potency prepared by A. Nelson & Co., Ltd. increased the rate of growth of both unpoisoned and poisoned algae. These results are attributed to the fact that the batches of potency contained a general growth stimulant, rather than to a stimulatory homœopathic action of the potency itself which would have affected the poisoned algae only.
Homœopathic remedies used in the clinical syndrome of habitual hyperventilation
Authors: Davies Anita E.
Published: September 2006

An acute hypocapnoeic attack is described which was precipitated by extreme physical hard work in an obese subject who had recently been bereaved. The symptoms of anxiety and depression are repertorized. Twenty-five out of the 64 remedies shown were used in a personal series of patients which formed the basis of the present study. Arsenicum album and Sepia are the most commonly used “chilly” remedies, and Lycopodium, Phosphorus and Pulsatilla were frequently indicated.

The symptoms of chronic hypocapnoea are reviewed. The homœopathic approach to a patient suffering from this disorder is discussed, and the chief symptoms are repertorized, starting from the rubric “Anxiety” in Kent's Repertory.

Hering's Laws of Cure, from within out, from above down, and from more important to less important organs, are illustrated by reference to three case histories. The final case is then briefly reviewed with the pathological findings and Dr C. O. Kennedy discusses the prescribing symptoms.
Phormium tenax—a proving
Authors: McIvor E.G.
Published: September 2006

Though numerous symptoms were experienced, as detailed above, four special effects were particularly noted throughout the proving.

1. With the exception of the left hand and left knee, all sensations were mainly confined to the right side—right hand, right wrist, right forearm, right elbow, right knee, right ankle, right side of pelvis, right side of the abdomen. Phormium tenax appears to be a right-sided remedy, with the exceptions that both knees were involved equally and the symptoms of the left fingers were worse than those of the right fingers.

2. Despite the physical symptoms, there was a strong feeling of well-being. Sleep was deep, refreshing, and undisturbed. The day's work was accomplished with less fatigue. The symptoms were > mentally, < physically.

3. Phormium tenax is a rheumatic remedy, mainly a remedy suitable for joint afflictions. The sensations of puffiness of the joints, weakness in the joints, and the symptom < on pressure suggest inflammation of the synovial linings of the joints. This remedy would appear to suit rheumatoid arthritis in preference to osteo-arthritis.

The pains were mainly drawing, stitching pains. On pressure the joints also felt bruised and sore with some aching. There were also sharp needle like pains, and some twitching of the muscles. All pains were < cold, dry, fine weather, > warm wet weather, < 4 a.m. to 11 a.m., < resting in bed or sitting, i.e. < resting, > continued motion. Sometimes < movement to begin with, though ultimately always > with motion. < pressure. e.g. applied pressure on standing (pressure from weight of body).

The primary effects were on the fingers of both hands, especially the left hand, the right wrist, right ankle and right heel, and both knee joints. Involvement of the right elbow was also noted to a lesser degree.

4. Phormium tenax appears to be a strong diuretic. Urine output was markedly increased. The urine was dark yellow or greenish-yellow and had a strong through normal odour. It appeared to be very much more concentrated than usual.
Report on a proving of pulsatilla 3x
Authors: Clover Anne M. , Jenkins S. , Campbell Anthony C. , Jenkins Michael D.
Published: September 2006

We report a proving of Pulsatilla 3x conducted during three months of 1978 with 52 volunteers in North West England.

The study included a double blind cross-over administration of placebo or medicated tablets in a manner intended to provide control as well as test phases.

Two important findings are reported. First, that the results obtained failed to give statistically significant evidence for the effects of Pulsatilla 3x. Second, that the reported effects clearly indicated a “trial response”. That is, a response to the process of the trial rather than to the agent being proved.

The significance and implications of these findings are discussed.
Lilium and the relative value of symptoms
Authors: Von Keller Georg
Published: September 2006

Tape recordings are presented of a case where Lilium tigrinum provided the cure, and to begin with an attempt is made to solve the case with the aid of the repertory only, without consulting the materia medica. Lachesis emerges as the result, and not Lilium. The reason is shown to be that the short rubrics needed for repertorization are by their very nature incomplete, so that the right remedy is often excluded.

Next, some highly characteristic Lilium symptoms are quoted from the provings, and these are then brought out more clearly with the aid of further tape recordings. A surprisingly close correspondence emerges of its own accord between some highly differentiated Lilium symptoms and certain symptoms presented by the patient—demonstrating the application of the “keynote system”. It is established that this system is not, in fact, in opposition to repertorization based on the totality of symptoms. Quotes from the literature show that Kent himself certainly also used keynotes to find the remedy, and was against purely mechanical repertorization.

The conclusion to be drawn is that the value of a symptom in our search for the right remedy does not depend on whether it is a mental, general or local symptom, but that the really valuable symptoms are only those which are characteristic as defined in § 153 of the Organon, i.e. “More accurately described”.
An experiment showing an increase with dilution in a physical parameter
Authors: Hadley S.J.
Published: September 2006

A simple apparatus is described with which it is possible to measure the phase shift induced in a high frequency alternating current by a cell containing a dilute solution of an electrolyte.

This phase shift is seen to INCREASE WITH DILUTION up to a limit determined by the electrolyte chosen (but usually within the range 10−4 to 10−6) and then to decrease with further dilution to zero.

Solutions of salts and sugar in water and dilute alcohol are investigated.

The findings are discussed.
Effects of Caulophyllum on the uteri and ovaries of adult rats
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Srivastava Anil Kumar , Chandrasekhar K.
Published: September 2006

Adult female rats were given the 200th and 10,000th potency of Caulophyllum orally on alternate days for ten days. The vehicle used was 90 per cent. alcohol.

The 200th potency brought about a significant increase in ovarian and uterine weight and also in cell height of the endometrium and luminal epithelium. Increased mitotic division was also discernible. Simultaneously the stromal cells became smaller in size and exhibited retardation in mitotic division.

In addition, the 200th potency treated groups showed marked retardation in the maturation of ova, with the number of maturing ova minimized. Increased atresia was noted and a perceptible decrease in the number and diameter of functional corpora lutea. The controls and animals treated with the 10,000th potency of the same drug exhibited only insignificant changes.
Chelidonium and organ therapy
Authors: Von Keller Georg
Published: September 2006

The author first of all quotes from Rademacher's Erfahrungsheillehre der alten scheidekünstigen Geheimärzte and Rudolph Steiner's 1920 Lectures to Doctors and Medical Students, to show that considerable differences exist within homœopathy and similar schools of medicine regarding the method of finding the remedy.

Paracelsus, Rademacher, Rudolph Steiner and others hold the view that the physician must first diagnose the organ in which the disease takes its origin, before he can prescribe the appropriate organotropic medicine. Hahnemann on the other hand is against such a theoretical approach and depends entirely on the predominantly subjective symptoms of the individual, to find a remedy for this particular person and not for an abstract disease.

Only those who follow Rademacher's line of thought will therefore be content with seeing a remedy such as Chelidonium as a specific for the liver. The Hahnemannians need all the symptoms of the remedy for their method, down to the smallest and most subjective detail.

With the aid of tape recordings made in his surgery, the author therefore goes into the details of three indications for Chelidonium—abdominal pain, pain in the back, and headache. This establishes the fact that, as with all remedies, the action of Chelidonium is in no way limited to a single organ, but extends to the whole human being, and to all his organs.

In conclusion it is stated that the remedy may be frequently indicated if there is hepatic involvement, but that a closer study of the more detailed actions of Chelidonium will enable the practitioner to recognize it far more frequently in the patients he sees day by day, and become more certain in his choice of the remedy.
Is homœopathy scientific?
Authors: Fisher Peter
Published: September 2006

“Are the obstacles to certainty and simplicity in practical medicine insurmountable?” HAHNEMANN1

Campbell has raised the question as to whether homœopathy is scientific. Using Popper's epistmeology, he concludes that it is not. Popper's views and their relevance to homœopathy are discussed. Some recent results of scientific and historical research are examined in relation to homœopathy. It is concluded that it is feasible and highly desirable that homœopathy should become scientific.
Ignatia and constitutional thinking in homoeopathy
Authors: von Keller Georg
Published: September 2006

The author attempts to define the concept of “constitution” as used in homœopathy. He opposes the view that “constitution” may be equated with “totality of symptoms”. It must rather be considered that every patient is able to produce only the symptoms which already lie dormant in his constitution. A drug, or the effects of disease, can arouse only symptoms already pre-existing in the constitution. On the other hand one prover can prove several drugs, just as one and the same patient can have one illness after another, each of them requiring a different remedy. The constitution, then, is not drug specific but individual.

The author illustrates his point with the aid of a number of Ignatia symptoms—headache as from a nail, tension headache, improvement from lying on the back, restlessness, globus and scintillating scotoma, demonstrating them with tape recordings made in his surgery.
Hahnemann and nutrition
Authors: Hehr G.S.
Published: September 2006

Synopsis

Our knowledge of the chemical structure and physiological role of various food factors is only recent. It has been possible to correlate appetite for some particular foods with body needs. We have an in-built mechanism in our body that guides us in the matter of quality and quantity of food we need. This has been proved by many recent scientific experiments. Hahnemann had recognised this fact about two centuries back and had devised methods of ensuring adequate nutrition in health and in disease. Recent evidence confirms the effectiveness of these methods.
Causticum 30c in the treatment of canine lactatio sine graviditate
Authors: Pohl W. , Fischer M.
Published: September 2006

The first results in a trial using the homœopathic drug Causticum to treat LSG in bitches are described. The evidence so far is that there is no clearly ascribable effect on the enlarged and lactating mammary glands, whereas behavioural disorders showed a rapid return to normal in all subjects. Treatment combining Causticum 30 with specific therapy for the mammary glands is suggested as a possibility.
Experimental research in homœopathy—a critical review
Authors: Scofield A.M.
Published: September 2006

This review discusses the clinical and experimental evidence for the efficacy of homœopathic treatment of disease. The conclusion is that despite a great deal of experimental and clinical work there is only a little scientific evidence to suggest that homœopathy is effective. This is because of bad design, excution, reporting or failure to repeat experimental work and not necessarily because of the inefficacy of the system which has yet to be properly tested on a large enough scale. It is suggested that there is sufficient evidence to warrant the execution of well-designed, carefully-controlled experiments, particularly in naturally diseased organisms, to investigate the efficacy of homœopathy further. Some of the experimental work already done suggests that homœopathy may be of value in the treatment and prevention of diseases in crops as well as animals and humans.
Homœopathy and traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Williams D.T.H.
Published: September 2006

In the autumn of 1982 Dr Williams spent three months studying traditional Chinese acupuncture at the Nanjing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

In the lecture given at the Annual General Meeting of the Faculty of Homœopathy in 1983, Dr Williams draws some comparisons and some contrasts between the practice of homœopathy and traditional Chinese medicine.
Comment on the paper, “Growth of yeast cultures as in vitro model for investigating homœopathic remedies”
Authors: Baker Rose D. , Smith C.W.
Published: September 2006

A recent paper by Steffen1 repeating earlier work by Jones et al.2 failed to confirm any effect of potencies of Pulsatilla on the growth rate of cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which had previously been reported.

We find that using a more specific statistical test on the results given by Steffen1 it can be shown that these results contain almost the same periodicity with potency that Jones et al.2 reported, although only corresponding to a variation of ±1.5% about the mean value.
Growth of yeast cultures as in vitro model for investigating homœopathic medicines
Authors: Steffen William A.
Published: September 2006

The question of a sensitive response in the growth of yeast cell cultures to treatments with homœopathic dilutions (potencies), has been raised in a number of recent publications,1,2,3. A further set of growth trials with this model performed at our Institute are reported here.

The actions of 8x to 16x decimal potencies of AgNO3, CuSO4, HgCl2, and NaCl on the growth of cell cultures of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were investigated. This included a set of trials with experimental poisoning of the cells by toxic levels of CuSO4 and subsequent study of the remedial action by potencies of the same substance.

Yeast cells were grown in batch culture in a glucose/malt extract medium. Growth was interrupted shortly before the end of the exponential growth phase and total cell concentrations were assessed by means of a Coulter Counter. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. Each treatment range was tested in three separate trials.

The results obtained failed to indicate any response in the growth rate of Sch. pombe to the potency treatments.
A model for homœopathic drug tests including statistical analysis
Authors: Bayr G.
Published: September 2006

Homœopathic drug tests provide data on which drug pictures are based. Current drug registration laws require proof of drug-specificity as well.

A brief description is given of Hahnemann's method, which should be kept in mind particularly for tests on new drugs. It is however not suitable for statistical analysis. Problems arise because of placebo symptoms, and the drug-specificity of individual symptoms can only be expressed in probabilities.

Statistical analysis of homœopathic drug tests has to be based on comparison between the totality of symptoms elicited during exhibition of the drug and the totality of symptoms recorded on placebo. Simply counting the incidence of symptoms proved inadequate. The model currently used in conjoint German and Austrian trials is presented for comment and discussion. This also takes account of continued drug action and includes a number of new parameters on which to base comparison.