bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High diffraction efficiency varied-line-space concave gratings for the
Lyman ultraviolet explorer
Authors: Ren Tao , Qiu Keqiang , Li Angran , Huan Shuhu , Lou Zheng , Ji Li , Li ShuagYing , Hong Yilin
Published: November 2023

In this paper we present the design and fabrication of the reflection varied-line-space
concave grating (VLSCG) for the project of CAFE (the Census of
warm-hot intergalactic medium, Accretion, and Feedback Explorer),
which aims to detect and map the warm-hot circumgalactic medium via
OVI emission at 103.2 nm and 103.8 nm, using two
off-Rowland-circle spectrograph channels. High diffraction efficiency
at LUV is supposed for the VLSCG, and an aperture ratio as small as is desired for a compact design. The
gratings are fabricated by holographic lithography and ion beam
etching techniques. We introduce an additional lens into the normal
holographic exposing system to generate the varied-line-space grating
patterns. Grooves with triangle profiles are obtained to increase the
diffraction efficiency by oblique ion beam bombardment during the
etching process. Finally, several VLSCGs with a central line density
of 3300 lines/mm have been fabricated successfully. The
measured results show that the groove efficiency reaches
51% at 106.4 nm and 31% at 127.4 nm. We imitated the
working optical path of the spectrometer and used the order of the VLSCG to measure the
image near the exit slit. The results showed that the image of the
point source has a vertical extent of 0.68 mm, and the
aberrations have been corrected.
Understanding reticence to occupy free, novel-design homes: A qualitative study in Mtwara, Southeast Tanzania
Authors: Meta Judith , Mshamu Salum , Halifa Salma , Mmbando Arnold , Wood Hannah Sloan , Wood Otis Sloan , Bøjstrup Thomas Chevalier , Day Nicholas P. J. , Knudsen Jakob , Lindsay Steven W. , Deen Jacqueline , von Seidlein Lorenz , Pell Christopher
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The population of Africa set to reach 2 billion by 2050. There is therefore great demand for housing across the continent. Research on modified novel designs for housing is a priority to ensure that these homes are not sites of infection for diseases transmission such as malaria. One trial to assess the protection afforded by novel design houses is underway in Mtwara Region, southeastern Tanzania. After constructing 110 of such homes across 60 villages, project staff encountered a certain reticence of the target population to occupy the homes and were faced with accusations of having nefarious intentions. This article explores these accusations, their impacts on home occupancy and lessons for future housing studies.

Methods

This qualitative study drew on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with ten occupants of the intervention homes, six community leaders and a further 24 community members. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated to English for qualitative content analysis.

Results

In communities around the Star Homes, during construction and handover, project staff were widely associated with ‘Freemasons’, a term used to practices, secrecy, and other conspiracy theories in rural Tanzania. These connections were attributed to other community members and explained in terms of knowledge deficit or envy, with others hoping to be allocated the home. The stories were embedded in assumptions of reciprocity and suspicions about study motives, linked to limited experience of research. The relationship between the accusations of freemasonry and reticence to occupy the houses was not straightforward, with project staff or relatives playing a role in decisions. The stakes were high, because the recipients of Star Homes were the poorest families in targeted communities.

Conclusion

The results indicate the need for long-term and proactive community engagement, which focuses on building relationships and providing information through recognizable voices and formats. Given the stakes at play in housing interventions, research teams should be prepared for the social upheaval the provision of free new housing can cause.
Plasma CXCL8 and MCP-1 as surrogate plasma biomarkers of latent tuberculosis infection among household contacts–A cross-sectional study
Authors: Selvavinayagam Sivaprakasam T. , Aswathy Bijulal , Yong Yean K. , Frederick Asha , Murali Lakshmi , Kalaivani Vasudevan , Karishma Sree J. , Rajeshkumar Manivannan , Anusree Adukkadukkam , Kannan Meganathan , Gopalan Natarajan , Vignesh Ramachandran , Murugesan Amudhan , Tan Hong Yien , Zhang Ying , Chandramathi Samudi , Sivasankaran Munusamy Ponnan , Balakrishnan Pachamuthu , Govindaraj Sakthivel , Byrareddy Siddappa N. , Velu Vijayakumar , Larsson Marie , Shankar Esaki M. , Raju Sivadoss
Published: November 2023

Early detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is critical to TB elimination in the current WHO vision of End Tuberculosis Strategy. The study investigates whether detecting plasma cytokines could aid in diagnosing LTBI across household contacts (HHCs) positive for IGRA, HHCs negative for IGRA, and healthy controls. The plasma cytokines were measured using a commercial Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 17-plex assay. Increased plasma CXCL8 and decreased MCP-1, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were associated with LTBI. Regression analysis showed that a combination of CXCL8 and MCP-1 increased the risk of LTBI among HHCs to 14-fold. Our study suggests that CXCL-8 and MCP-1 could serve as the surrogate biomarkers of LTBI, particularly in resource-limited settings. Further laboratory investigations are warranted before extrapolating CXCL8 and MCP-1 for their usefulness as surrogate biomarkers of LTBI in resource-limited settings.
Risk factors for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infection in children aged 6–24 months in peri-urban community, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Okumu Noah O. , Ngeranwa Joseph J. N. , Muloi Dishon M. , Ochien’g Linnet , Moodley Arshnee , Mutisya Christine , Kiarie Alice , Wasonga Joseph O. , Watson Julie , Amon-Tanoh Maud Akissi , Cumming Oliver , Cook Elizabeth A. J.
Published: November 2023

Escherichia coli commonly inhabits the gut of humans and animals as part of their microbiota. Though mostly innocuous, some strains have virulence markers that make them pathogenic. This paper presents results of a cross-sectional epidemiological study examining prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes in stool samples of asymptomatic healthy children (n = 540) in Dagoretti South subcounty, Nairobi, Kenya. E. coli was cultured and pathotyped using PCR to target specific virulence markers associated with Shiga-toxin, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroaggregative, entero-invasive and diffusely adherent E. coli. Overall prevalence of DEC pathotypes was 20.9% (113/540) with enteropathogenic E. coli being the most prevalent (34.1%), followed by enteroaggregative E. coli (23.5%) and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (22.0%) among positive samples. We found evidence of co-infection with multiple pathotypes in 15% of the positive samples. Our models indicated that at the household level, carriage of DEC pathotypes in children was associated with age group [12–18 months] (OR 1.78; 95%CI 1.03–3.07; p = 0.04), eating matoke (mashed bananas) (OR 2.32; 95%CI 1.44–3.73; p = 0.001) and pulses/legumes (OR 1.74; 95%CI 1.01–2.99; p = 0.046) while livestock ownership or contact showed no significant association with DEC carriage (p>0.05). Our findings revealed significant prevalence of pathogenic DEC circulating among presumptive healthy children in the community. Since there has been no previous evidence of an association between any food type and DEC carriage, unhygienic handling, and preparation of matoke and pulses/legumes could be the reason for significant association with DEC carriage. Children 12–18 months old are more prone to DEC infections due to exploration and hand-to-mouth behavior. A detailed understanding is required on what proportion of positive cases developed severe symptomatology as well as fatal outcomes. The co-infection of pathotypes in the rapidly urbanizing environment needs to be investigated for hybrid or hetero-pathotype circulation that have been implicated in previous infection outbreaks.
South Africa’s male homicide epidemic hiding in plain sight: Exploring sex differences and patterns in homicide risk in a retrospective descriptive study of postmortem investigations
Authors: Matzopoulos Richard , Prinsloo Megan R. , Mhlongo Shibe , Marineau Lea , Cornell Morna , Bowman Brett , Mamashela Thakadu A. , Gwebushe Nomonde , Ketelo Asiphe , Martin Lorna J. , Dekel Bianca , Lombard Carl , Jewkes Rachel , Abrahams Naeemah
Published: November 2023

South Africa has an overall homicide rate six times the global average. Males are predominantly the victims and perpetrators, but little is known about the male victims. For the country’s first ever study on male homicide we compared 2017 male and female victim profiles for selected covariates, against global average and previous estimates for 2009. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of routine data collected through postmortem investigations, calculating age-standardised mortality rates for manner of death by age, sex and province and male-to-female incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We then used generalised linear models and linear regression models to assess the association between sex and victim characteristics including age and mechanism of injury (guns, sharp and blunt force) within and between years. 87% of 19,477 homicides in 2017 were males, equating to seven male deaths for every female, with sharp force and firearm discharge being the most common cause of death. Rates were higher among males than females at all ages, and up to eight times higher for the age group 15–44 years. Provincial rates varied overall and by sex, with the highest comparative risk for men vs. women in the Western Cape Province (11.4 males for every 1 female). Male homicides peaked during December and were highest during weekends, underscoring the prominent role of alcohol as a risk factor. There is a massive, disproportionate and enduring homicide risk among South African men which highlights their relative neglect in the country’s prevention and policy responses. Only through challenging the normative perception of male invulnerability do we begin to address the enormous burden of violence impacting men. There is an urgent need to address the insidious effect of such societal norms alongside implementing structural interventions to overcome the root causes of poverty, inequality and better control alcohol and firearms.
Association between long COVID and vaccination: A 12-month follow-up study in a low- to middle-income country
Authors: Fatima Samar , Ismail Madiha , Ejaz Taymmia , Shah Zarnain , Fatima Summaya , Shahzaib Mohammad , Jafri Hassan Masood
Published: November 2023

Objective

There is a lack of estimates regarding the at-risk population associated with long COVID in Pakistan due to the absence of prospective longitudinal studies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of long COVID and its association with disease severity and vaccination status of the patient.

Design and data sources

This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital and recruited patients aged > 18 years who were admitted between February 1 and June 7, 2021. During this time, 901 individuals were admitted, after excluding patients with missing data, a total of 481 confirmed cases were enrolled.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 56.9±14.3 years. Among patients with known vaccination status (n = 474), 19%(n = 90) and 19.2%(n = 91) were fully and partially vaccinated, respectively. Severe/critical disease was present in 64%(n = 312). The mortality rate following discharge was 4.58%(n = 22). Around 18.9%(n = 91) of the population required readmission to the hospital, with respiratory failure (31.8%, n = 29) as the leading cause. Long COVID symptoms were present in 29.9%(n = 144), and these symptoms were more prevalent in the severe/critical (35.5%, n = 111) and unvaccinated (37.9%, n = 105) cohort. The most prominent symptoms were fatigue (26.2%, n = 126) and shortness of breath (24.1%, n = 116), followed by cough (15.2%, n = 73). Vaccinated as compared to unvaccinated patients had lower readmissions (13.8% vs. 21.51%) and post-COVID pulmonary complications (15.4% vs. 24.2%). On multivariable analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, co-morbidity, and disease severity, lack of vaccination was found to be an independent predictor of long COVID with an Odds ratio of 2.42(95% CI 1.52–3.84). Fully and partially vaccinated patients had 62% and 56% reduced risk of developing long COVID respectively.

Conclusions

This study reports that the patients continued to have debilitating symptoms related to long COVID, one year after discharge, and most of its effects were observed in patients with severe/critical disease and unvaccinated patients.
Uma resenha crítica quinhentista do livro de cartas médicas de Garcia Lopes
Authors: M. Rocha de Oliveira Emília , M. L. Andrade António
Published: November 2023

O médico Garcia Lopes, um cristão novo natural de Portalegre, fez publicar um volume miscelânico, em forma epistolar, sobre diversos temas médicos durante a sua curta estada no empório do Escalda (Antuérpia, 1564). O autor e o livro regressaram a Portugal: do autor, sabe‑se que findou os seus dias, de forma trágica, num auto da fé celebrado em Évora, em 1572; já do único livro que este publicou, em língua latina, não havia, até ao presente, conhecimento de qual teria sido a sua receção nos meios académicos e científicos do reino. Contudo, Jorge Godines, um médico cortesão dos reinados de D. João III e de D. Sebastião, organizou um códice magnífico de epistolae medicinales, no qual incluiu uma autêntica recensão crítica ao livro de Garcia Lopes, sob o sugestivo título Summa quaedam eorum quae aduertimus in libello Garciae Lopii, ou seja, “Súmula do que criticamos no livrinho de Garcia Lopes”. Ora, o presente estudo centra-se, em particular, na análise deste texto singular, no quadro da relação óbvia que este estabelece com a obra escrutinada, trazendo à luz um aceso debate científico entre dois médicos portugueses contemporâneos, esmiuçando e avaliando as diferentes críticas e reparos feitos por Jorge Godines aos capítulos do livro de Garcia Lopes, bem reveladores da riqueza, da acuidade e da atualidade do debate médico no Portugal de Quinhentos.
Improvement of National Crisis Management Strategy for New Risks: Focusing on the Delphi Analysis of New Risk Issues and Policy Tasks
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Ju Ho , Hur Joon Young , Kim Se Jin
Published: November 2023

This study sought to predict future new risks and respond to national crisis management strategies through expert Delphi surveys. Despite its terminology, new risks can already identify risk management issues and targets from disaster experiences and various environmental signals rather than new risks, and based on this, it is necessary to approach them as newly focused risks rather than conceptual limitations of completely new risks. The core task of predicting and responding to new risks is the negative ripple effect of new risks, and a wide range of response mechanisms and systems are needed to prepare for them, and due to the nature of modern society, it is necessary to focus and strengthen capabilities based on a wide range of monitoring systems and data-based analysis scenarios. To this end, this study presented national crisis management strategy tasks in five aspects: changing the new risk management paradigm, reorganizing the legal system, improving organizational management, strengthening collaboration and communication, and strengthening capabilities.
The Study for Sediment Disaster at the Vulnerable Area Using Debris Flow Estimating Model
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lim Joung Sung , Lee Ho Jin , Kim Sung Duk , Cho Sung Guen
Published: November 2023

Torrential rains occurring during the unpredictable climate change cause many mountain disasters in vulnerable areas. This study is to analyze the debris flow mechanism by applying the multiplier of the vulnerable area debris flow prediction model presented by USACE to the erosion or sedimentation model. The higher the typhoon category, the higher the debris flow peak value, and the frequency of peaks of flow discharge with long durations increased. Analysis of changes in vegetation density showed that the initial peak value of the debris flow reaching the bottom was highest due to dense vegetation, and high-amplitude fluctuations appeared due to energy dissipation. In the case of heavy rainfall, the peak value of debris flow increased by more than 22%, and fluctuations of flow discharge occurred earlier at the elapsed time. In addition, debris flow fluctuations with high wave heights appeared, and the high-amplitude band width also appeared to be quite long. The analysis of present study will provide information for developing and prevention disaster reduction measures in vulnerable areas.
Using the Social Media Data in Disaster Management: Heavy Rainstorm in Zhengzhou, China
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Zhang Ke , Lee Jae Eun
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to study Weibo posts about the 2021 Zhengzhou rainstorm disaster to demonstrate the usefulness of social media data in disaster management. Social media data, as an emerging source of big data is increasingly being used to disseminate important information about disasters to the public. This paper explores the usefulness of Weibo data in disaster management by taking the Zhengzhou rainstorm in 2021 as a case. First, based on web crawlers and Weibo API, this study obtained Weibo posts related to topics of rainstorm. A temporal analysis of related Weibo posts shows that the temporal trend of the number of rainstorm related Weibo posts coincided with the developmental stages of the rainstorm. Second, topic extraction from Weibo content was performed, which found that people discuss different topics on social media in different disaster stages. Finally, the hot keywords of Weibo posts were extracted, which most intuitively expresses people's information exchange during rainstorm. This study demonstrates that disaster information extracted form social media could reflect the public's disaster risk perception and material needs well and have potential to disaster management resource.
Development and Application of a System Dynamics Model to Analyze Heatwave Impacts
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Son Cheol Hee , Kim Yu Mi , Ban Yong Un
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a system dynamics model to dynamically analyze the effects of heatwaves and apply it to real-world situations. For this purpose, first, the influencing factors of heatwaves were identified through previous studies. Second, a dynamic heatwave model was developed. Third, time series data from 2009 to 2018 were constructed, and the model was applied to Seoul. In this step, scenarios based on the budget were created, and the intensity of heatwaves resulting from changes in variables were measured. The results are as follows: First, the policy factors of heatwaves were classified into the cause and effect of the heatwave group, heatwave mitigation policy group, and heatwave adaptation group, forming a feedback structure. Second, it was observed that a 20% increase in budgets starting from 2040 led to temperature reductions of 1.57°C for the eco-friendly vehicle policy, 0.29°C for the high-efficiency air conditioners policy, 0.06°C for heatwave shelters, and 0.77°C for the creation of green space policy. Third, increasing the budget for heatwave shelters was found to be highly effective in reducing the number of people with heat-related illnesses.
Non–Pure Intestinal Phenotype as an Indicator of Progression in Sporadic Nonampullary Duodenal Adenomas: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Uema Ryotaro , Hayashi Yoshito , Komori Masato , Shibukawa Narihiro , Hayashi Noriko , Horimoto Masayoshi , Yamada Takuya , Yamamoto Masashi , Hiyama Satoshi , Kinoshita Kazuo , Ogiyama Hideharu , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Egawa Satoshi , Kanesaka Takashi , Kato Minoru , Yoshii Shunsuke , Tsujii Yoshiki , Keiichiro Honma , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Iijima Hideki , Morii Eiichi , Takehara Tetsuo
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION:

We aimed to evaluate the natural course of sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenomas (SNDAs) and determine the risk factors of progression.

METHODS:

We retrospectively analyzed the follow-up outcomes of patients with biopsy-diagnosed SNDA between April 2010 and March 2016 at 13 institutions. All initial biopsy specimens were centrally evaluated. Only those diagnosed with adenomas were included. Mucinous phenotypes were classified into pure intestinal and non–pure intestinal phenotypes. Cumulative incidence rates of carcinoma and tumor enlargement were evaluated. Tumor enlargement was defined as a ≥25% or 5-mm increase in tumor size.

RESULTS:

Overall, 121 lesions were analyzed. Within a median observation period of 32.7 months, 5 lesions were diagnosed as carcinomas; the cumulative 5-year incidence of carcinoma was 9.5%. Male sex (P = 0.046), initial lesion size ≥10 mm (P = 0.044), and non–pure intestinal phenotype (P = 0.019) were significantly associated with progression to carcinoma. Tumor enlargement was observed in 22 lesions, with a cumulative 5-year incidence of 33.9%. Initial lesion size ≥10 mm (P < 0.001), erythematous lesion (P = 0.002), high-grade adenoma (P = 0.002), Ki67 negative (P = 0.007), and non–pure intestinal phenotype (P = 0.001) were risk factors of tumor enlargement. In a multivariate analysis, an initial lesion size ≥10 mm (P = 0.010) and non–pure intestinal phenotype (P = 0.046) were independent and significant risk factors of tumor enlargement.

DISCUSSION:

Lesion size ≥10 mm and non–pure intestinal phenotype on initial biopsy are risk factors of cancer progression and tumor enlargement in cases with SNDA. Thus, management effectiveness may be improved by focusing on lesion size and the mucinous phenotype.
Unsettling teacher preparation: cultivating liminality and remaking space
Authors: Gray Tricia , Phillips Aprille
Published: November 2023

In the USA, university-situated teacher education programmes are hierarchical, with tiers of students and faculty progressing through ranks that structurally confer power. Teacher education programmes purporting to engender democratic ideals must remake teaching and learning spaces to encourage the teachers that they prepare to do the same in their pre-school through to twelfth-grade classrooms and schools. In this article, we explore social pedagogy in a US context, describing the work of a tenured teacher educator, two graduate students and more than 40 undergraduate students as they experimented with practices of democratic education in a midwestern US land-grant university elementary literacy methods course. We centre our analysis on three questions: How do efforts to democratise a teacher education literacy course influence teaching and learning? What is the nature of those efforts? How do different social actors in the course make and remake space? We then present three findings that speak to the work of unlearning institutionalised norms that sustain hierarchical teaching and learning relationships and that demonstrate the nature of a maieutic disposition in bringing to life more democratic conceptions of teaching and learning. We illustrate throughout the overlaps between democratic education and social pedagogy.
Pengolahan Sampah Plastik HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) dan PET (Polyethylene Terephtalate) Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif dengan Proses Pirolisis
Authors: Lubis Damian Andreas , Arifin Arifin , Fitrianingsih Yulisa
Published: November 2023

Penggunaan plastik dan barang-barang berbahan dasar plastik semakin meningkat seiring berkembangnya teknologi, industri, dan juga jumlah populasi penduduk. Perlu dipikirkan upaya lainnya agar sampah plastik bisa diolah menjadi bahan lain yang lebih bermanfaat, salah satunya menjadi bahan bakar minyak sintetis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan sampah plastik HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) dan  PET (Polyethylene Terepthalate) menjadi bahan bakar minyak dengan cara pirolisis untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil minyak yang diperoleh dari pengolahan sampah plastik jenis HDPE dan PET dengan membandingkan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif bahan bakar minyak yang dihasilkan dari sampah plastik. Pengolahan sampah plastik mejadi minyak dengan pirolisis ini dilakukan selama 120 menit dengan jumlah sampah plastik yang diperlukan dalam 1 kali percobaan sebanyak 500 gram dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium (Out Door) Air Limbah, Limbah Padat, dan B3 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tanjungpura dengan parameter yang diuji diantaranya volume, massa jenis, dan viskositas. Hasil pirolisis di uji konsistensinya dengan menggunakan uji statistika non parametrik (Uji Mann Whitney). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, nilai parameter fisik berdasarkan perubahan volume, massa jenis, dan viskositas minyak hasil pirolisis dari sampah plastik High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) dengan rata-rata sebesar 74 mL, 769 kg/m3, dan 0,77 sentipoise (cP), sedangkan pada minyak hasil pirolisis dari sampah plastik Polyethylene Terephtalate (PET) dengan rata-rata sebesar 27 ml, 794 kg/m3, dan 1,2 sentipoise (cP). Berdasarkan hasil analisis kuantitas dan kualitas serta uji konsistensi dengan statistika dari masing-masing jenis sampah bahwa sampah jenis HDPE lebih layak untuk dijadikan bahan bakar minyak alternatif dibandingkan sampah plastik jenis PET karena nilai minyak hasil dari sampah plastik HDPE mendekati kualitas bahan bakar minyak bensin, sedangkan PET nilainya mendekati minyak tanah.
The diversity of flora at the Late Pliocene era in the Cisubuh Formation based on palynological data
Authors: Setijadi Rachmad , Soedy Sri Widodo Agung , Rahardian Rully
Published: November 2023

Palynological evidence on past time gives features on plant diversity. The objective of this research was to determine the flora diversity in the past based on the palynological evidence in the form of pollen and spores (palynomorphs) that stored in sediments in the Cisubuh Formation. This research consisted of two stages, field sampling, and laboratory observation. A total of 16 samples on Cisubuh Formation on Rengasdengklok area, West Java Indonesia have been identified for their fossil content. Sixty-seven palynomorphs have been identified, comprised of 53 pollen taxa and 14 type of spores. Of the 67 palynomorph taxa, 40 were arboreal pollen, 12 were non-arboreal pollen, and 15 were Pteridophytes. The geological age of Cisubuh Formation was Late Pliocene, as indicated by Dacrycarpidites australiensis and without the presence of Stenochlaenidites papuanus. Based on the palynological evidence, the flora diversity in each layer sediment of the Cisubuh Formation showed high similarity (87%).
Analisis Kinerja Pengelolaan IPAL Komunal Sanimas di Kawasan Kota Padang
Authors: Komala Puti Sri , Hidayah Fildza Zatil
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja pengelolaan, operasional dan pemeliharaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Komunal Sanimas di kawasan kota Padang. Evaluasi mengacu pada standar operasional pekerjaan (SOP) Direktorat Jenderal Cipta Karya tentang Operasi dan Pemeliharaan IPAL Komunal oleh Masyarakat Tahun 2016, kriteria disain dan peraturan yang terkait. Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (KSM) sebagai pengelola belum memiliki data teknis yang lengkap tentang IPAL dan jaringan perpipaan. Operasional dan pemeliharaan oleh Kelompok Pemanfaat dan Pemelihara (KPP) belum dilakukan secara optimal dan tidak sesuai SOP, karena biaya rutin yang tidak mencukupi akibat tunggakan iuran bulanan. IPAL komunal umumnya  terdiri dari bak pengendap, anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR) dan anerobic biofilter (AF) dengan variasi media filter. Dari ketiga IPAL diperoleh unit waktu detensi (HRT) bak pengendap yaitu 5-11 jam, baffle reactor 0,6-0,9 hari, dan biofilter 1-1,4 jam namun total HRT pada IPAL Komunal telah memenuhi kriteria. Parameter BOD, Ammonium dan TSS efluen tidak memenuhi baku mutu.
Evaluasi Status Keberlanjutan Budidaya Rumput Laut Di Kecamatan Pasikolaga Kabupaten Muna (Pendekatan Rapfish- Multi Dimensional Scaling)
Authors: Yusuf La Ode Muhammad Iksan , Ismail Ahyar , Nuva Nuva
Published: November 2023

Produksi rumput laut tertinggi Kabupaten Muna berlokasi di Kecamatan Pasikolaga, mayoritas masyarakat bekerja sebagai pembudidaya rumput laut, maka dalam menjaga mata pencaharian masyarakat setempat, diperlukan pemahaman tentang aspek keberlanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status keberlanjutan budidaya rumput laut melalui pendekatan lima dimensi: ekonomi, ekologi, sosial budaya, teknologi dan kelembagaan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengunakan data primer dan sekunder, data primer diperoleh dari ketua kelompok budidaya dengan cara sensus, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari BPS dan jurnal. Teknik analisis yang digunakan Rapfish Multi Dimensional Scaling. Dari hasil analisis dari indeks  keberlanjutan dengan skor 37,51 artinya kegiatan budidaya rumput memiliki status kurang berkelanjutan. Antribut sensitif tertinggi hasil analisis Leverage Root Mean Square dimensi ekonomi  (6,53) pemasaran hasil panen, Root Mean Square ekologi (15,55) kesuburan lokasi budidaya, Root Mean Square Sosial budaya (8,80) konflik perebutan lahan budidaya, Root Mean Square teknologi (9,82) keinginan mengunakan teknologi pengeringan rumput laut dan pengolahan, dan kelembagaan (9,21) peran kelompok budidaya. Dari hasil Leverage Root Mean Square  tersebut, maka perlu kehadiran pemerintah daerah, swasta dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam mendukung keberlanjutan.
Pemisahan Biosludge pada Proses Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge dengan Biofilter sebagai Pengganti Sedimentasi
Authors: Subrata Ridwan , Sumiyati Sri , Utomo Sudarno
Published: November 2023

Pemisahan padatan mikroorganisme atau biosludge dari air hasil olahan di proses pengolahan air limbah sistem biologi aerobik biasanya menggunakan proses sedimentasi yang membutuhkan lahan yang luas. Saat ini dengan lahan terbatas dan mahal, pemisahan dengan proses sedimentasi telah menjadikan permasalahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari alternatif pengganti proses sedimentasi dengan kebutuhan lahan yang lebih kecil, yaitu dengan proses biofilter. Selama ini proses biofilter atau bak aerasi yang ditambahkan media bakteri, yang dikenal sebagai IFAS (Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge), sebagai tempat untuk mendegradasi kandungan organic biodegradable dan tempat proses nitrifikasi. Penerapan biofilter kedua pada rangkaian instalasi pengolahan air limbah, dirancang sebagai fungsi utama untuk pemisah mikroorganisme/biosludge. Penelitian menggunakan IPAL dengan unit proses Ekualisasi, IFAS dan Biofilter. Biofilter menggunakan bioball berbahan plastik yang terlekat bakteri dengan tinggi bed 1,3 m. Air limbah sebagai makanan mikroorganisme dibuat secara artifisial. Penelitian difokuskan pada dua variable yang berpengaruh yaitu nilai TSS inlet dan Filtration Rate. Sistem biofiltrasi dapat mensubstitusi metode sedimentasi bilamana nilai filtration rate diatas 1,0 m/jam dengan TSS inlet minimum 250 mg/l. Hasil percobaan menunjukan bahwa Pada Nilai TSS inlet 250 mg/l dengan filtration rate 1,19 m/jam menghasilkan TSS outlet 94 mg/l atau dengan efisiensi reduksi sebesar 62%.
Optimization of a rapid method for screening drugs in blood by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rodrigo Valero Alba M. , Jorge Oscar Quintela , Serrano Begoña Bravo , Tejedor Sara Ayuso
Published: November 2023

Objectives

In the recent years, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry has gained popularity in laboratories. This technique has a higher specificity, detects different analytes from a single specimen, measures analytes in distinct matrices, and substantially reduce analytical interference, with respect to immunoassay. The processing and preparation of biological samples are crucial in chromatography. Interferences in blood testing are usually caused by the presence of phospholipids and proteins. The main objective of this study was to improve analytical processes for drug screening by LC-MS/MS using a novel blood sample preparation method based on protein precipitation and removal of phospholipids.

Methods

An evaluation was performed of a new method for the preparation of blood samples based on protein precipitation and removal of phospholipids by LC-Q-q-LIT.

Results

Limit of detection, limit of quantification and measurement range were determined for 56 molecules. The results of 11 cases were compared with those obtained using standard blood collection methods and instruments.

Conclusions

The novel blood preparation and testing method based on LC-Q-q-LIT, a more sensitive technique, has demonstrated to yield comparable results to traditional methods. In addition, this new technique reduces turnaround time and costs.
Information structure of converb constructions: Estonian -des, -mata and -maks constructions
Authors: Simmul Carl Eric
Published: November 2023

This paper describes the variation in information structure of Estonian -des, -mata and -maks constructions, and analyzes the factors influencing this variation. The paper describes information structure via the categories of information status and information role. Information status, which refers to the general pragmatic status of a linguistic unit, has two possible values: an information unit or an element of an information unit. Information role refers to the pragmatic status of an element in the information structure of a larger information unit. Information role has five possible values: focus, background of the comment, topic, frame or prominent element. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this article gives an account of the variation in the information status and information role of Estonian converb constructions. In addition, this paper discusses the way in which the relevant explanatory variables relate to the information status and role of converb constructions. This analysis gives an overview of how the information status of converb constructions relates to the presence of punctuation, the position of the converb construction relative to the main clause, the number of words in the converb construction, the semantic function of the converb construction, the position of the converb within the construction, the morphological form of the converb, and the number of modifiers of the converb. This analysis also discusses how the information role of converb constructions relates to the position and semantic function of the construction and the presence of a lexicogrammatical prominence marker.
Das Ich in der Geschlechterforschung
Authors: König Tomke , Erhart Walter
Published: November 2023

This article calls for a turn in gender studies by giving attention to the corporeal and felt experience of being gendered. The first part recaptures experience as a decisive force in the history of feminism, queer and trans studies. In the second – and larger – part we focus on theoretical and empirical evidence how the experience of gender as a way of being oneself and feeling at home (or not feeling at home) in one’s own body may transgress the normative boundaries of gender and, in the long run, transform the gendered order of a given society. Based on sociological and literary studies, the article provides examples and theoretical models to overcome the well-known divide between a (de-)constructive view on gender performativity and the insistence on the given and inescapable materiality, existence and experience of gendered human beings.
Las traducciones castellanas de narrativa breve italiana en el siglo XV
Authors: Carrascón Guillermo
Published: November 2023

Se repasan las principales características de las colecciones de narrativa breve italianas que fueron elegidas para su traducción al español por personas relacionadas con el ambiente de impresores y libreros. Uno de los criterios de selección parece haber sido el éxito de ventas de estas obras en Italia y Francia, por lo que parece lícito afirmar que si por una parte las traducciones de narrativa breve ofrecieron a los escritores españoles un modelo para instaurar un nuevo género de prosa, su función en otro plano, no menos fundamental, fue la de crear un nuevo público y un nuevo mercado para un producto editorial hasta entonces inexistente en nuestro país.
The impact of Star Wars on the English language: Star Wars-derived words and constructions in present-day English corpora
Authors: Sanchez-Stockhammer Christina
Published: November 2023

Since George Lucas’s film A New Hope was first screened in 1977, the Star Wars saga has become a pop-culture phenomenon incorporating films, videogames, books, merchandise, and a quasi-religious philosophy, but linguistic research on Star Wars is scarce and has mainly focused on language use in the films. There is as yet no investigation of the impact of Star Wars on the English language, and the present study fills this gap using corpus-linguistic methods to investigate the extent to which characteristic words and constructions from the Star Wars universe have become established in English. Five Star Wars-derived items included in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), namely Jedi, Padawan, lightsabre (with spelling variants), Yoda, and the characteristic construction to the dark side were analysed regarding their frequency of occurrence in four corpora of present-day English (COCA, COHA, BNC, BNC Spoken 2014) and coded regarding their level of independence from the original films. The results show that over one-third of the uses of the investigated Star Wars-derived items are innovative (like the BNC example Other imbibers have gone over to the dark side of beer, rejecting the pasteurised lager produced by the breweries) and thus well integrated into the English language.
Large-scale synthesis and exciton dynamics of monolayer MoS2 on differently doped GaN substrates
Authors: Jian Pengcheng , Cai Xueqing , Zhao Yongming , Li Dongyan , Zhang Zheng , Liu Weijie , Xu Dan , Liang Wenxi , Zhou Xing , Dai Jiangnan , Wu Feng , Chen Changqing
Published: November 2023

Mixed dimensional van der Waals heterostructure based on layered two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) interfaced to gallium nitride (GaN) has attracted tremendous attention due to its unique properties and application in novel electronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices. However, developing facile synthesis methods and insights into the exciton dynamics for this system still remains a major challenge. Here, a simple and cost-effective method is demonstrated for large-scale synthesis of monolayer MoS2 on differently doped GaN substrates. A mixed aqueous solution of Na2MoO4 and NaOH is spin-coated on GaN and sulfurated in one step by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). High quality monolayer MoS2 nanosheets with side length over 400 μm and surface coverage ratio of more than 90 % are achieved on GaN. Furthermore, the PL intensity, excitonic transition ratios and ultrafast exciton dynamics of MoS2 are observed to be largely modulated by the doping type of GaN, owing to substrate-induced doping, which is proved by Raman, PL and transient absorption spectroscopy. Notably, p-GaN can attract electrons from monolayer MoS2 and weaken its intrinsic n-doping, thereby facilitating higher PL intensity as well as longer exciton lifetime, while n-GaN provides strong n-doping and generates opposite effect. This work hereby presents a pathway for large-scale synthesis of MoS2/GaN heterostructures and further understanding of their charge transfer properties and exciton dynamics, which should inspire their applications for optoelectronic devices.
Revealing defect-bound excitons in WS2 monolayer at room temperature by exploiting the transverse electric polarized wave supported by a Si3N4/Ag heterostructure
Authors: Li Shulei , Deng Fu , Zhou Lidan , Lin Zhenxu , Panmai Mingcheng , Liu Shimei , Mao Yuheng , Luo Jinshan , Xiang Jin , Dai Jun , Zheng Yunbao , Lan Sheng
Published: November 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers are promising materials for light-emitting devices due to their excellent electric and optical properties. However, defects are inevitably introduced in the fabrication of TMDC monolayers, significantly influencing their emission properties. Although photoluminescence (PL) is considered as an effective tool for investigating the defects in TMDC monolayers. However, the PL from the defect-bound excitons is revealed only at low temperatures. Here, we show that the PL from the defect-bound excitons in a WS2 monolayer can be effectively revealed at room temperature by exploiting the transverse electric polarized wave supported by a Si3N4/Ag heterostructure. It is revealed that the defect-bound excitons in all possible positions of the WS2 monolayer can be effectively excited by the TE wave with significantly enhanced in-plane electric field localized on the surface of the Si3N4 layer. In addition, the emission from defect-bound excitons can propagate to the collection point with small attenuation. More importantly, the exciton dynamics in the WS2 monolayer can be modified by the Si3N4/Ag heterostructure, allowing the simultaneous excitation of neutral excitons, charge excitons (trions), and defect-bound excitons in the WS2 monolayer attached on the Si3N4/Ag heterostructure. We inspect the PL spectra obtained at different positions and find that the relative intensity of defect-bound excitons depends on the collection position. We also examine the dependences of the PL intensity and bandwidth on the excitation power for the three types of excitons. It is found that they exhibit different behaviors from those observed in the optical measurements by using the traditional excitation method. Our findings suggest a new way for exciting and studying the dynamics of multi-excitons at room temperature and indicate the potential applications of the TE wave in probing the defects in TMDC monolayers.
A compact weak measurement to observe the spin Hall effect of light
Authors: Kim Minkyung
Published: November 2023

The spin Hall effect of light (SHEL), a microscopic and transverse splitting of linearly polarized light into circularly polarized components during refraction and reflection, can be measured at subnanometer scales using weak measurements and has emerged as a powerful candidate for precision measurements. However, despite the strong demand for compact and miniaturized sensors and precision metrology, no efforts have downsized the weak measurements. Here I demonstrate that the location of the interface where the SHEL occurs does not impact the results of weak measurements and building on this observation, propose a modified setup called the compact weak measurement to reduce the form factor by replacing one convex lens with a concave one. The concept is theoretically validated and numerically confirmed across various setup parameters and interfaces. The compact weak measurement effectively reduces the required free space distance by twice the focal length and will facilitate the implementation of SHEL-based precision measurements in practical applications.
Production of Auger-electron-emitting 103mRh via a 103Pd/103mRh generator using an anion-exchange resin
Authors: Ohya Tomoyuki , Ichinose Jun , Nagatsu Kotaro , Sugo Yumi , Ishioka Noriko , Watabe Hiroshi , Itoh Masatoshi , Minegishi Katsuyuki , Zhang Ming-Rong
Published: November 2023

Rhodium-103m is one of the most attractive Auger electron emitters for internal radiotherapy. The half-life of 103mRh is relatively short (56.114 min). Therefore, it needs to be produced using a generator for clinical use. Most studies of 103Pd/103mRh generators using anion-exchange resins were carried out over 50 years ago. However, these resins are no longer commercially available. In the present study, we tested a 103Pd/103mRh generator using alternative anion-exchange resins (i.e., IRA904, IRA410, SA20A, and SA11AL). No-carrier-added 103Pd was used to make the generators. The 103mRh product was eluted from the generators using 6 mL of 0.1 M HCl with a flow rate 0.5 mL/min. The generator made from SA11AL showed good performance, with a yield of 39 %, an impurity level of 103Pd in the product of 0.29 %, and an operation time of 14 min. This makes this generator competitive with previously developed ones.
Chinese tag questions: the CP/DP pro-form analysis
Authors: Chiu Liching Livy
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the behaviors of tag questions in Chinese and proposes a unifying analysis involving empty CP/DP pro-forms and predication. It is found that there are universally two types of Tag questions – (i) the invariable type and (ii) the (modal) verbal type, which correspond to the question-types in Chinese syntax. Previous research by Culivocer (1992. English tag questions in Universal Grammar. Lingua 88. 193–226) analyzed English tag questions as a pro-IP structure that is bound by a previous sentence. However, in Chinese, two types of tag questions include both A-not-A form and particle form. Furthermore, both the two kinds of tag questions display syntactic predication between the tag and an empty subject pro. An abbreviated “yes-no question” is attached to empty CP/DP constituents in these constructions.
Minimizing Maladaptations Derived From Tennis Serve Training and Competition Loads
Authors: Colomar Joshua , Peña Javier , Vicens-Bordas Jordi , Baiget Ernest
Published: November 2023

Junior tennis players perform many high-intensity serves during practice and competition. These demands can potentially put specific musculoskeletal structures at risk of developing negative adaptations that can increase the likelihood of injury. In addition, serve velocity enhancement sessions commonly include motion-specific resistance training approaches that can increase the load on these already at-risk muscles and joints. Therefore, it is essential to address holistically the optimization of serve training. To minimize harmful musculoskeletal adaptations and maximize performance, a multiperspective approach is advised when designing a serve training program for junior tennis players. This paper will propose methodological recommendations that can be included in these programs. Examples and suggestions include the benefits of incorporating general strength training tasks to minimize asymmetries and build robustness. Furthermore, on-court injury prevention protocols are proposed to target specific altered body structures and overall serving loads. Finally, load management strategies should ensure that training is controlled and organized appropriately.
Adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis are resilient to intermittent fasting
Authors: Gabarró‐Solanas Rut , Davaatseren Amarbayasgalan , Kleifeld Justus , Kepčija Tatjana , Köcher Thomas , Giralt Albert , Crespo‐Enríquez Iván , Urbán Noelia
Published: November 2023

Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy to counteract ageing shown to increase the number of adult‐born neurons in the dentate gyrus of mice. However, it is unclear which steps of the adult neurogenesis process are regulated by IF. The number of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) decreases with age in an activation‐dependent manner and, to counteract this loss, adult NSCs are found in a quiescent state which ensures their long‐term maintenance. We aimed to determine if and how IF affects adult NSCs in the hippocampus. To identify the effects of every‐other‐day IF on NSCs and all following steps in the neurogenic lineage, we combined fasting with lineage tracing and label retention assays. We show here that IF does not affect NSC activation or maintenance and, that contrary to previous reports, IF does not increase neurogenesis. The same results are obtained regardless of strain, sex, diet length, tamoxifen administration or new‐born neuron identification method. Our data suggest that NSCs maintain homeostasis upon IF and that this intervention is not a reliable strategy to increase adult neurogenesis.