bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between secondhand smoke exposure at home and cigarette gifting and sharing in Zhejiang, China: a repeat cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Yue , Xu ShuiYang , Wu QingQing , Guo YuJie
Published: March 2016

Objectives

The aims of the current study were to assess the prevalence of household cigarette gifting and sharing, and to evaluate the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, and cigarette gifting and sharing, in Zhejiang, China.

Design

A repeat cross-sectional design.

Setting

10 sites in 5 cities in Zhejiang, China.

Participants

Two surveys were conducted with adults in Zhejiang, China, in 2010 (N=2112) and 2012 (N=2279), respectively. At both waves, the same questionnaire was used; respondents were asked questions on residence, number of family smokers, indoor smoking rules, household income and cigarette gifting and sharing.

Results

The findings revealed that more than half of respondents’ families (54.50% in 2010, 52.79% in 2012) reported exposure to SHS. Many families (54.73% in 2010, 47.04% in 2012) shared cigarettes with others, and a minority (14.91% in 2010, 14.17% in 2012) reported their family giving cigarettes as a gift. There was a significant decrease in cigarette sharing from 2010 to 2012, irrespective of household with SHS exposure status; and the cigarette gifting was significantly decreased in household without SHS exposure.

Conclusions

Compared to households without SHS exposure, the prevalence of cigarette gifting and sharing in households with SHS exposure was more obvious. Encouraging and promoting a smoke-free household environment is necessary to change public smoking customs in Zhejiang, China.
The denominator problem: national hospital quality measures for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Bruckel Jeffrey , Liu Xiu , Hohmann Samuel F , Karson Andrew S , Mort Elizabeth , Shahian David M
Published: March 2016

Background

National Hospital Quality Measures (NHQM) should accurately reflect quality of care, as they increasingly impact reimbursement and reputation. However, similar to risk adjustment of outcomes measures, NHQM process measures pose unique methodological concerns, including lack of representativeness of the final denominator population after exclusions. This study determines population size and characteristics for each acute myocardial infarction (AMI) measure, reasons for exclusion from the measures, and variation in exclusion rates among hospitals.

Methods and results

163 144 discharges from 172 University HealthSystem Consortium hospitals between 2008-Q4 and 2013-Q3 were examined, including characteristics and propensity scores of included and excluded groups. Measure exclusions ranged from 17.8% (discharge aspirin) to 90.1% (percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI, within 90 min), with substantial variation across hospitals. Median annual denominator size (IQR) for PCI within 90 min was 28 (20, 44) at major teaching hospitals, versus 10 (0, 25) at non-teaching hospitals. Patients most likely to be excluded (in the 10th vs 1st propensity decile) were older (mean age (SD) of 78.1 (10.8) vs 50.3 (8.6) years), more likely to have Medicare (90.5% vs 0.9%), had more documented comorbidities (15.6 (4.6) vs 6.2 (2.5) hierarchical clinical condition categories) and higher admission mortality risk (Major or Extreme 80.9% vs 7.3%, respectively), and experienced higher inpatient mortality (10.0% vs 1.6%).

Conclusions

Exclusion from AMI measures varied substantially among hospitals, sample sizes were very small for some measures (PCI and ACE inhibitor measures) and measures often excluded high-risk populations. This has implications for the representativeness and comparability of the measures and provides insight for future measure development.
Developing a statewide protocol to ensure patients with suspected emergent large vessel occlusion are directly triaged in the field to a comprehensive stroke center: how we did it
Authors: Jayaraman Mahesh V , Iqbal Arshad , Silver Brian , Siket Matthew S , Amedee Caryn , McTaggart Ryan A , Paolucci Gino , Rhodes Jason , Potvin John , Tucker Megan , Alexander-Scott Nicole
Published: March 2016

We describe the process by which we developed a statewide field destination protocol to transport patients with suspected emergent large vessel occlusion to a comprehensive stroke center.
Systematic literature review of domains assessed in psoriatic arthritis to inform the update of the psoriatic arthritis core domain set
Authors: Kalyoncu Umut , Ogdie Alexis , Campbell Willemina , Bingham Clifton O , de Wit Maarten , Gladman Dafna D , Mease Philip , Steinkoenig Ingrid , Strand Vibeke , Riese Victoria G , Orbai Ana-Maria
Published: March 2016

The objectives of this systematic literature review (SLR) were to identify domains and outcome measures used in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) studies in the past 5 years, and to compare the measurement of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 2006 PsA Core Domain Set in studies published in 2010–2015 vs those published in 2006–2010. We performed a systematic literature search in two databases, PubMed and Embase, to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in PsA. We also identified PsA longitudinal observational studies (LOS). Three patient research partners provided input into study conception, and data collection and interpretation. We identified 41 studies representing 22 unique RCTs, 27 LOS and 12 registries. Across all studies, we identified 24 domains and 169 outcome measures. In addition to the PsA Core Domain Set (6 domains), the following domains were also assessed in more than 30% of RCTs: acute phase reactants, dactylitis, enthesitis, fatigue and work productivity. We identified a range of 1–15 outcome measures per domain with a mean (SD) of 7 (4.7) per domain. The complete PsA Core Domain Set was assessed in 59% of RCTs in 2010–2015 compared to 23.5% RCTs in 2006–2010. There has been increased measurement of the PsA Core Domain Set in RCTs and LOS in the past 5 years. Numerous additional outcomes were also measured. The PsA Core Domain Set needs an update to standardise PsA outcome assessments. This SLR will inform the development of an updated PsA Core Domain Set with patient research partner input.
Buckling and Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Beam Under Axial Load
Authors: Nejati Mohammad , Eslampanah Amirhossein , Najafizadeh Mohammadmahdi
Published: March 2016

Buckling and vibration analysis of cantilever functionally graded (FG) beam that reinforced with carbon nanotube (CNT) is the purpose of this paper. The beam is graded in the thickness direction, and compressive axial force impressed the beam. The volume fractions of randomly oriented agglomerated single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction. To determine the effect of CNT agglomeration on the elastic properties of CNT-reinforced FG-beam, a two-parameter micromechanics model of agglomeration is employed. In this paper, an equivalent continuum model based on the Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approach is obtained. The stability and motion equations are based on the two-dimensional elasticity theory and Hamilton’s principle. The generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) that has high accuracy is used to discretize the equations of stability and motion and to implement the boundary conditions. To study the accuracy of the present analysis, a compression is carried out with a known data. Convergence rate, the influence of graded agglomerated CNTs, and the effect of axial forces exerted on the beam, on the natural frequencies of reinforced beam by randomly oriented agglomerated CNTs are investigated.
Safety of Drugs during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Panchaud Alice , Di Paolo Ermindo R. , Koutsokera Angela , Winterfeld Ursula , Weisskopf Etienne , Baud David , Sauty Alain , Csajka Chantal
Published: March 2016

Health management of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients should be maximized during pregnancy and breastfeeding because of its significant impact on the maternal and newborn outcomes. Thus, numerous drugs will have to be continued during pregnancy and lactation. Most of the drugs representing CF treatment lines cross the placenta or are excreted into human milk. Research addressing the risks and benefits of drugs used in CF patients during pregnancy and lactation is often incomplete or challenged by limited methodology, which often leads to conflicting or inconclusive results. Yet, potential treatment benefits for CF pregnant patients most often outbalance potential risks for the unborn child.
Cathelicidin regulates myeloid cell accumulation in adipose tissue and promotes insulin resistance during obesity
Authors: Braster Quinte , Silvestre-Roig Carlos , Hartwig Helene , Kusters Pascal , Aarts Suzanne , den Toom Myrthe , Gallo Richard , Weber Christian , Lutgens Esther , Soehnlein Oliver
Published: March 2016

Note: The review process for this manuscript was fully handled by Gregory Y. H. Lip, Editor in Chief.
Implantação de centro especializado em reabilitação: vantagens e desvantagens apontadas pelos gestores municipais de saúde
Authors: Pereira Juarez De Souza , Machado Wiliam César Alves
Published: March 2016

Este estudo buscou identificar as vantagens e desvantagens apontadas pelos gestores sobre a implantação do Centro Especializado de Reabilitação, como referência regional em um município da região Centro Sul Fluminense, Três Rios/RJ, Brasil. Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, abordagem qualiquantitativa. Dados coletados através de entrevistas individuais, roteiro semiestruturado, com 27 participantes, no primeiro semestre 2014, analisados a luz do Qualiquantisoft® versão 1.3c. Emergiram Idéias Centrais sobre vantagens, tais como: melhor qualidade de vida; facilidade no acesso; oferta de serviços especializados; evitar o deslocamento; garantia de um serviço de qualidade a baixo custo; melhora da gestão no setor de transporte; não soube informar e nenhuma vantagem. Quanto às desvantagens: dificuldades com o transporte; aumento da demanda; e preocupações e responsabilidades em garantir atendimentos. A despeito das vantagens, conclui-se que elas não coadunam em sua plenitude com os benefícios que os serviços em redes podem proporcionar. As desvantagens apontam para desafios no aprimoramento da gestão.
Don't Think, Just Feel the Music: Individuals with Strong Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Effects Rely Less on Model-based Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Sebold Miriam , Schad Daniel J. , Nebe Stephan , Garbusow Maria , Jünger Elisabeth , Kroemer Nils B. , Kathmann Norbert , Zimmermann Ulrich S. , Smolka Michael N. , Rapp Michael A. , Heinz Andreas , Huys Quentin J. M.
Published: March 2016

Behavioral choice can be characterized along two axes. One axis distinguishes reflexive, model-free systems that slowly accumulate values through experience and a model-based system that uses knowledge to reason prospectively. The second axis distinguishes Pavlovian valuation of stimuli from instrumental valuation of actions or stimulus–action pairs. This results in four values and many possible interactions between them, with important consequences for accounts of individual variation. We here explored whether individual variation along one axis was related to individual variation along the other. Specifically, we asked whether individuals' balance between model-based and model-free learning was related to their tendency to show Pavlovian interferences with instrumental decisions. In two independent samples with a total of 243 participants, Pavlovian–instrumental transfer effects were negatively correlated with the strength of model-based reasoning in a two-step task. This suggests a potential common underlying substrate predisposing individuals to both have strong Pavlovian interference and be less model-based and provides a framework within which to interpret the observation of both effects in addiction.
“A Convenient Seat in God's Temple”: The Massachusetts General Colored Association and the Park Street Church Pew Controversy of 1830
Authors: Arkin Marc M.
Published: March 2016

The Massachusetts General Colored Association was the most advanced black civil rights organization of its day. In 1830, the MGCA backed a protest against segregated pews in Boston s Park Street Church, an event that provided a crucial opening for the alliance between black abolitionists and William Lloyd Garrison s New England Anti Slavery Society.
Aoteasalda and Kiwisaldula, two new genera of Saldidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with a key to New Zealand genera and a new synonymy in Zemacrosaldula
Authors: LARIVIÈRE MARIE-CLAUDE , LAROCHELLE ANDRÉ
Published: March 2016

Aoteasalda new genus, is described with Saldula maculipennis Cobben, 1961, as type species, resulting in the following new combination Aoteasalda maculipennis (Cobben, 1961). Kiwisaldula new genus, is described with Saldula parvula Cobben, 1961, as type species. The following new combinations are made: Kiwisaldula parvula (Cobben, 1961); Kiwisaldula butleri (White, 1878); Kiwisaldula laelaps (White, 1878); Kiwisaldula stoneri (Drake & Hoberlandt, 1950). Two species are described as new: Kiwisaldula manawatawhi new species, Kiwisaldula porangahau new species. A lectotype is designated for Salda laelaps White, 1878. The holotype of Salda butleri White, 1878, and the type series of Saldula trivialis Cobben, 1961, and Saldula maculipennis Cobben, 1961, are documented. A new synonymy is established in the genus Zemacrosaldula (valid name listed after equal sign): Saldula trivialis Cobben, 1961 = Zemacrosaldula australis (White, 1876). A revision of the taxonomy of Aoteasalda and Kiwisaldula species occurring on New Zealand’s North Island and nearby offshore islands, is presented. Morphological descriptions are provided, with illustrations emphasising the most significant diagnostic features of the external morphology and male genitalia. Information is given on synonymy, type data, material examined, geographic distribution, and biology. Species of Kiwisaldula and genera of Saldidae recognised for New Zealand, are keyed.
miR-181a negatively regulates NF-κB signaling and affects activated B-cell–like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis
Authors: Kozloski Goldi A. , Jiang Xiaoyu , Bhatt Shruti , Ruiz Jose , Vega Francisco , Shaknovich Rita , Melnick Ari , Lossos Izidore S.
Published: March 2016

Key Points

miR-181a regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting CARD11, NFKBIA, NFKB1, RELA/P65, and REL. miR-181a represses NF-κB signaling and decreases cell proliferation and survival most potently in the NF-κB dependent ABC-DLBCL subgroup.
Blockade of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Signaling Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Systemic Glucose Intolerance in Mice
Authors: Kitada Yoshihiko , Kajita Kazuo , Taguchi Koichiro , Mori Ichiro , Yamauchi Masahiro , Ikeda Takahide , Kawashima Mikako , Asano Motochika , Kajita Toshiko , Ishizuka Tatsuo , Banno Yoshiko , Kojima Itaru , Chun Jerold , Kamata Shotaro , Ishii Isao , Morita Hiroyuki
Published: March 2016

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is known to regulate insulin resistance in hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and pancreatic β-cells. Among its 5 cognate receptors (S1pr1–S1pr5), S1P seems to counteract insulin signaling and confer insulin resistance via S1pr2 in these cells. S1P may also regulate insulin resistance in adipocytes, but the S1pr subtype(s) involved remains unknown. Here, we investigated systemic glucose/insulin tolerance and phenotypes of epididymal adipocytes in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed wild-type and S1pr2-deficient (S1pr2−/−) mice. Adult S1pr2−/− mice displayed smaller body/epididymal fat tissue weights, but the differences became negligible after 4 weeks with HFD. However, HFD-fed S1pr2−/− mice displayed better scores in glucose/insulin tolerance tests and had smaller epididymal adipocytes that expressed higher levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen than wild-type mice. Next, proliferation/differentiation of 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A preadipocytes were examined in the presence of various S1pr antagonists: JTE-013 (S1pr2 antagonist), VPC-23019 (S1pr1/S1pr3 antagonist), and CYM-50358 (S1pr4 antagonist). S1P or JTE-013 treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes potently activated their proliferation and Erk phosphorylation, whereas VPC-23019 inhibited both of these processes, and CYM-50358 had no effects. In contrast, S1P or JTE-013 treatment inhibited adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes, whereas VPC-23019 activated it. The small interfering RNA knockdown of S1pr2 promoted proliferation and inhibited differentiation of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes, whereas that of S1pr1 acted oppositely. Moreover, oral JTE-013 administration improved glucose tolerance/insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice. Taken together, S1pr2 blockade induced proliferation but suppressed differentiation of (pre)adipocytes both in vivo and in vitro, highlighting a novel therapeutic approach for obesity/type 2 diabetes.
Influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins modulate host recycling by competing with Rab11 effectors
Authors: Vale-Costa Sílvia , Alenquer Marta , Sousa Ana Laura , Kellen Bárbara , Ramalho José , Tranfield Erin M. , Amorim Maria João
Published: March 2016

Influenza A virus assembly is an unclear process, whereby individual virion components form an infectious particle. The segmented nature of the influenza A genome imposes a problem to assembly because it requires packaging of eight distinct RNA particles (vRNPs). It also allows genome mixing from distinct parental strains, events associated with influenza pandemic outbreaks. It is important to public health to understand how segmented genomes assemble, a process that is dependent on the transport of components to assembly sites. Previously, it has been shown that vRNPs are carried by recycling endosome vesicles, resulting in a change of Rab11 distribution. Here, we describe that vRNP binding to recycling endosomes impairs recycling endosome function, by competing for Rab11 binding with family-interacting proteins, and that there is a causal relationship between Rab11 ability to recruit family-interacting proteins and Rab11 redistribution. This competition reduces recycling sorting at an unclear step, resulting in clustering of single- and double-membraned vesicles. These morphological changes in Rab11 membranes are indicative of alterations in protein and lipid homeostasis during infection. Vesicular clustering creates hotspots of the vRNPs that need to interact to form an infectious particle.
Field Dependency and Performance in Mathematics
Authors: Onwumere Onyebuchi , Reid Norman
Published: March 2016

Mathematics is an important school subject but one which often poses problems for learners. It has been found that learners do not possess the cognitive capacity to handle understanding procedures, representations, concepts, and applications at the same time. while the extent of field dependency may hold the key to one way by which the working memory can be used more efficiently. This study aims to explore the concept of field dependency which may offer a way forward in reducing the cognitive demands of finite working memory capacity, thus enabling higher performance to be attained. Age and gender were considered. With a sample of 120 secondary school students, the importance of working memory in relation to mathematics performance was confirmed (r = 0.55 ). The extent of field dependency was measured with a larger sample of 547, drawn from five age groups. The outcomes were related to the performance in mathematics examinations, a correlation of 0.32 being obtained overall, with every age group showing positive significant correlations. In this, the more field independent perform much better. The outcomes are interpreted in terms of the increased efficiency in the use of finite working memory capacity resources. It was found that students become more field independent with age but the rate of growth of independence declines with age. Girls tended to be slightly more field-independent than boys, perhaps reflecting maturity or their greater commitment during their years of adolescence. The findings are interpreted in terms of the way the brain processes information and the implications for mathematics education are discussed briefly.
An Investigation on Students Academic Performance for Junior Secondary Schools in Botswana
Authors: Mphale Luke Moloko , Mhlauli Mavis B.
Published: March 2016

The major purpose of the study was to investigate factors which contribute to the decline in students’ academic performance in junior secondary schools in Botswana since 2010. The study was mainly quantitative and used the positivist inquiry paradigm. The study employed critical theory for its theoretical framework. Questionnaires were used to gather data from two hundred participants. Some documents were analyzed to supplement the information collected through the questionnaire. Data were analysed using the computer package known as Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15. The findings of the study showed that there were several factors that can contribute toward students’ low academic performance ranging from low staff morale to students unpreparedness for the examinations. The study, therefore, recommends that high teacher’s morale, availability of resources and parental involvement are critical for the attainment of high quality education in Botswana secondary schools. Furthermore, the findings of the study have implications for research and practice.
Flowering, fruiting, seed germination and seedling growth of Macaranga gigantea
Authors: SUSANTO DWI , RUCHIYAT DADDY , SUTISNA MAMAN , AMIRTA RUDIANTO
Published: March 2016

Susanto D, Ruchiyat D, Sutisna M, Amirta R. Flowering, fruiting, seed germination and seedling growth of MacarangaÂ gigantea. Biodiversitas 17: 192-199. The stages of flower and fruit development of Macaranga gigantea, its seed germination behaviorÂ in nature and from fruit harvesting, as well as the process of raising its seedlings in the laboratory were studied to determine theÂ potential for production of M. gigantea seedlings. Five reproductive trees of M. gigantea were chosen as sources of seed. To estimateÂ natural germination rates, four sample plots of 1 x 1 mÂ 2in four cardinal directions below the crown of every tree were set up. InÂ addition, dry and wet extraction processes were carried out to determine, which the more effective method for germination of M.Â gigantea seeds. The results showed that the time required from flower development to fruit ripening in M. gigantea flowers was 5-6Â months. The flower buds initiated in the dry season (August 2011). The germination in laboratory showed that the percentage and the rate of germination of the seeds extracted through the wet extraction process were higher than those extracted through the dry extraction process. The highest rate of germination planted on mushroom spawn waste media was the highest rate (0.36 ï‚±0.42%), followed by those planted on compost media (0.15ï‚±0.09%), top soil media (0.10ï‚±0.04%)Â and sand media (0.10ï‚±0.07%).
Sludge dewatering in a decanter centrifuge aided by cationic flocculant Praestol 855BS and essential oil of waste orange peels
Authors: Kowalczyk Anna , Piecuch Tadeusz
Published: March 2016

In the study the comparative analysis of test results of drainage of municipal wastewater sludge was conducted with the use of flocculant Praestol 855BS and the mixture of flocculant Praestol 855BS 50% + orange essential oil 50%, as the reagents supporting this process. It was also attempted to reduce unpleasant smells exuding from the drained sludge.

The process of drainage of municipal wastewater sludge was conducted in the laboratory setting centrifuge of MPW-350 type. The variable independent parameters were centrifugation time, centrifugation speed, dosage of flocculant Praestol 855BS as well as dosage of mixture in the proportion of flocculant Praestol 855BS (50%) + orange essential oil (50%). The following parameters were subject to assessment: water content in the sludge, dry mass content in the reflux as well as time of maintenance of the oil’s smell in the sludge. The conducted tests demonstrated that the orange essential oil has an impact on drop in resultant quality parameters of the drainage process of municipal wastewater sludge. Batching of the orange essential oil has an impact on considerable reduction of odours exuding from drained wastewater sludge, and thus on improvement of work conditions connected with operation of centrifugal separators. Bearing in mind both the efficient drainage process of wastewater sludge as well as simultaneous reduction of unpleasant smells exuding from the sludge during this process it is assumed and recommended to simultaneously apply both reagents, that is flocculant Praestol 855BS (50%) and orange essential oil, also in the volume of 50%.
Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter B/A, Internal Pressure, and Acoustic Impedance Determined at Pressures up to 100 MPa for 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide
Authors: Zorębski Edward , Zorębski Michał , Dzida Marzena
Published: March 2016

The nonlinearity parameter B/A, internal pressure, and acoustic impedance are calculated for a room temperature ionic liquid, i.e. for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide for temperatures from (288.15 to 318.15) K and pressures up to 100 MPa. The B/A calculations are made by means of a thermodynamic method. The decrease of B/A values with the increasing pressure is observed. At the same time B/A is temperature independent in the range studied. The results are compared with corresponding data for organic molecular liquids. The isotherms of internal pressure cross at pressure in the vicinity of 70 MPa, i.e. in this range the internal pressure is temperature independent.
Digital Synthesis of Sound Generated by Tibetan Bowls and Bells
Authors: Gołaś Andrzej , Filipek Roman
Published: March 2016

The aim of this paper is to present methods of digitally synthesising the sound generated by vibroacoustic systems with distributed parameters. A general algorithm was developed to synthesise the sounds of selected musical instruments with an axisymmetrical shape and impact excitation, i.e., Tibetan bowls and bells. A coupled mechanical-acoustic field described by partial differential equations was discretized by using the Finite Element Method (FEM) implemented in the ANSYS package. The presented synthesis method is original due to the fact that the determination of the system response in the time domain to the pulse (impact) excitation is based on the numerical calculation of the convolution of the forcing function and impulse response of the system. This was calculated as an inverse Fourier transform of the system’s spectral transfer function. The synthesiser allows for obtaining a sound signal with the assumed, expected parameters by tuning the resonance frequencies which exist in the spectrum of the generated sound. This is accomplished, basing on the Design of Experiment (DOE) theory, by creating a meta-model which contains information on its response surfaces regarding the influence of the design parameters. The synthesis resulted in a sound pressure signal in selected points in space surrounding the instrument which is consistent with the signal generated by the actual instruments, and the results obtained can improve them.
Aspasian Infidelities. On Aspasius’ Philosophical Background (EN I)
Authors: Mesquita António Pedro
Published: March 2016

The discussion on Aspasius’ philosophical background has benefited in recent years from a wide consensus. According to this consensus, Aspasius should be regarded as a Peripatetic, or even as an “orthodox Peripatetic” (Barnes’ phrase). It is true that Aspasius’ commentary is generally in tune with Aristotle. It is true that he shows an extensive knowledge of Aristotelian research pertinent for the discussions and that he uses Aristotelian concepts, principles, and doctrines with ease as if they were his own, thus denoting an old assimilation of those materials and a long accommodation to them. In a word, it is true that Aspasius is an Aristotelian. He is, however, as I will try to show in this paper, an Aristotelian strongly influenced by Stoicism. I will do so by selecting those points from Aspasius’ commentary on book I of the
Analytical issues of serum free light chain assays and the relative performance of polyclonal and monoclonal based reagents
Authors: Carr-Smith Hugh D. , Jenner Ellen L. , Evans Josie A.R. , Harding Stephen J.
Published: March 2016

Serum free light chain (FLC) assays have been incorporated into routine clinical practice and their use is recommended in international guidelines for the management of monoclonal gammopathies. Given that FLCs are not simple analytes, laboratories should be aware of potential analytical issues when using FLC assays, including antigen excess, lot-to-lot variation and non-linearity. Whilst manufacturers of monoclonal antibody-based assays claim that they overcome such issues, the evidence available to date does not support this. Here we review and compare the technical performance of both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody-based assays. The evidence suggests that the Freelite assay, based on polyclonal antisera, gives a broader recognition of monoclonal FLCs than the N Latex assay, based on monoclonal antisera, and despite being cited as a technical concern, we show that lot-to-lot variation of the Freelite assay is good. Both non-linearity and antigen excess are characteristic of FLC analysis and laboratories should be aware of these phenomena regardless of the assay system they use. Comparisons of the absolute values of sFLCs determined using monoclonal and polyclonal antibody-based assays show poor quantitative agreement and, because current guidelines have been established using the polyclonal antibody-based Freelite assay, it should not be assumed that assays utilizing monoclonal antibodies will give compliance with these guidelines.
Prenatal diagnosis and management of Van der Woude syndrome
Authors: García Karla Ferreres , Berenguer Beatriz , Quintana Luis Ortiz , De Tomás Vicente Elena , Pérez-Pacheco Ricardo Fernández , De León Luis Juan Antonio
Published: March 2016

We report the postnatal diagnosis of Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) in a foetus found to have an isolated right cleft lip and palate by ultrasound examination. After prenatal genetic counselling, the parents declined further evaluation by amniocentesis. At delivery, the infant was also found to have labial pits in the lower lip in addition to the cleft lip and palate identified by ultrasound consistent with VWS. Although VWS is rare, its autosomal dominant inheritance and variable penetrance should prompt additional modalities to more thoroughly evaluate the extent of other organ system and more extensive craniofacial anomalies.
Acardius-myelacephalus: management of a misdiagnosed case of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence with tense polyhydramnios
Authors: Ibraheem Awowole , Marcel Ukah , Temitope Okunola , Boluwatife Idowu
Published: March 2016

Background: Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is the most severe form of twin to twin transfusion syndrome. Survival of the pump twin is threatened by extreme prematurity from polyhydramnios and cardiac failure, necessitating interventions. Rarely, interventions are indicated as a result of maternal life-threatening complications. The management of an acardiac-myelacephalus variant of TRAP sequence, complicated by severe maternal respiratory distress from tense polyhydramnios is presented in this report.

Case presentation: A 29-year-old G3P2, Alive2 was referred to the Perinatal Unit on account of ultrasound diagnosed twin gestation with demise of one twin at an estimated gestational age (EGA) of 29 weeks. She was in severe respiratory distress with central cyanosis, and grossly distended abdomen. Ultrasonography revealed twin gestation with cardiac activity in only one twin and polyhydramnios. The second twin had no recognizable human body structure and retrograde umbilical arterial flow. TRAP sequence with tense polyhydramnios was diagnosed. The respiratory distress was relieved with serial reductive amniocentesis, and she was managed conservatively until an EGA of 34 weeks, when she delivered a live twin that weighed 2.05 kg, and an amorphous twin with a rudimentary limb that weighed 1.82 kg following spontaneous rupture of membranes. Monochorionic placentation was confirmed at delivery. The pump twin was discharged in a satisfactory state after a period of observation.

Conclusion: TRAP sequence may be easily misdiagnosed due to its rarity, with adverse consequences. Accurate diagnosis of the condition, and the provision of basic facilities for in utero interventions when indicated are necessary for fetal salvage.
The Choosing Wisely campaign – don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater
Authors: Plebani Mario , Chiozza Maria Laura , Scibetta Domenico
Published: March 2016

The goal of the Choosing Wisely campaign launched in 2009 by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Foundation is to promote dialog on avoiding wasteful or unnecessary medical tests, treatments and procedures. Originating in 2009, the Choosing Wisely initiative involved three primary care specialties in a project aiming to develop “Top Five” lists, which were to be “specialty-specific enumerations of achievable practice changes to improve patient health through better treatment choices, reduced risks and reduced costs. The initiative soon became global, many specialty societies outside the US joining. Some time later, however, data collected demonstrated that a reduction had been achieved only for a few low-value tests and procedures, thus highlighting the need for a more evidence-based approach for identifying low-value practices and for evaluating the efficacy of this initiative over time.
Optimization of a forest harvesting set based on the Queueing Theory: Case study from Karelia
Authors: Shegelman Ilya , Budnik Pavel , Morozov Evsey
Published: March 2016

The modern technological process of timber harvesting is a complex system both technically and organizationally. Nowadays, the study of such systems and improvement of their efficiency is impossible without the use of mathematical modeling methods. The paper presents the methodology for the optimization of logging operations based on the queueing theory. We show the adapted queueing model, which characterizes the process of logging with the use of a harvesting set consisting of harvesters and forwarders. We also present the experimental verification of the designated model that confirmed mode’s adequacy. The analysis of the effectiveness of the investigated harvesting set was conducted and the recommendations for its optimization were drawn. The research was conducted in the Pryazhinsky District in the Republic of Karelia. We showed that significant improvement of operational efficiency of the investigated harvesting set in the study area cannot be done by adjusting separate machine operations (i.e. by reducing the time of operations execution and their steadiness). However, a change in the number of machines allowed significant improvement in the operational efficiency. The most optimal harvesting set design for the experimental area consisted of two harvesters and two forwarders.
Die Quellen des fünfsprachigen Wörterbuchs von Faust Vrančić
Authors: Vig István
Published: March 2016

Historical lexicography and etymology fail to examine the validity of words in old dictionaries. This gap is attempted to be filled up with the present study on the five-language dictionary (Latin–Italian–German–Croatian–Hungarian) published in 1595 and compiled by a Croatian author Faust Vrančić. In the paper, seven criteria are used. The analyzed words are equivalent to Latin nouns and adjectives. The Latin lexemes comprise more than half of the entries, which is a substantial sample to draw general conclusions. It is pointed out in the study that the dictionary provided help primarily in understanding Latin texts. It may have been to the greatest use of speakers of the four (non-Latin) vulgar languages with mother-tongue competence or those who were familiar with them. The dictionary seems not to have been adequate in all cases for those interested in these languages to enlarge their vocabulary.
Сфера компьютера и Интернета в русском языковом сознании (на примере глаголов компьютерного интерфейса)
Authors: Колясева А. Ф.
Published: March 2016

Based on a semantic study of Russian verbs relating to computer interface, this paper explores structural metaphors of computer discourse organizing the perception of the computer and the Internet as well as forming its linguistic image. Four metaphors are discussed: 1. Computer is a special world; 2. Computer is a mechanism; 3. Computer is a book (library); 4. Computer is a living being. These metaphors are shown to function both independently and in interplay within the same text.
“On the way of truth”: Ibn Ḥazm’S Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah and the epistemology of love
Authors: abd Alghani Jalal
Published: March 2016

Ibn Ḥazm’s (d. 456/1064) Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah is a sui generis work in the history of mediaeval Arabic culture. Modern scholarship on Ibn Ḥazm’s Ṭawq proceeds along three lines: (1) editing and translating the Ṭawq; (2) explicating the Ṭawq and enquiring into its originality; and (3) looking into the Ṭawq from a comparative perspective. I intend, however, to pursue further the question of the Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah’s uniqueness, and I would also suggest a new reading of the text based on the exposition of its epistemology. My main proposition is that the Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah’s idiosyncracies rest on Ibn Ḥazm’s endeavour to advance an epistemic justification of the concept of love. Ibn Ḥazm stresses that writing on love is beyond any fictional narrative. He underlines the idea that entering into the phenomena of love should adhere to al-ḥaqīqah (the truth) and should avoid any kind of flawed explorations. To arrive at an understanding of the work through the angle of al-ḥaqīqah, Ibn Ḥazm further contends that writing on love should be based on three key principles: (i) testimony; (ii) observation; (iii) and knowledge stored in memory. These principles are behind the Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah’s epistemology that renders any writing on love not merely a fictional narrative but a textual attempt to depict the actual human experience. By deploying the principles of epistemology to investigate love, Ibn Ḥazm’s Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah not only modifies the existing genre of writing on love and lovers but also considers some aspects of this emotion that had hitherto evaded literary and scholarly treatment. This paper will explore Ibn Ḥazm’s perspective on the ways of writing on love and manifest his epistemological approach in exploring the essence of this emotion as well as its causes and symptoms.
Einige Randbemerkungen zum Verständnis des ägyptischen Wortes „3w.t“ „Altar“
Authors: Bojowald Stefan
Published: March 2016

In the present paper a new explanation is suggested for the Egyptian word “3w.t” ‘altar’. The old opinion stating a separate word with the meaning ‘altar’ is rejected. In this paper, the suggestion is put forward that it could be a secondary form of “ḫ3w.t”. It will be argued that the form came into existence by means of the “Lautwandel” between “3” and “ḫ”. Hitherto attested only in the Akkadian language, the “Lautwandel” between “3” and “ḫ” can be pointed out in the Egyptian language for the first time.
Large and medium-sized mammals in the urban park Cinturão Verde, Cianorte, northwestern Paraná
Authors: Martins Thais De Oliveira , Bunhuolo Simone Pereira , Ortencio-Filho Henrique , Lacher Jr. Thomas Edward
Published: March 2016

We surveyed the composition of large and medium-sized mammals in the urban park Cinturão Verde in the city of Cianorte, Paraná, Brazil. This urban reserve is an important regional corridor for wildlife. Data were collected monthly during seven months for six days with track plots, camera traps, and visual searches for animals and sign. Richness estimates were calculated using Chao 2 and ICE estimators. Nineteen species of mammals in seven orders and 14 families were recorded. Although the area displays a high degree of disturbance, it supports the presence of important species for the fauna of northwestern Paraná, including state, regional and globally threatened species.
O amor em fragmentos: intertexto nas cartas de amor suburbano nos anos 30
Authors: Pagotto Emilio Gozze
Published: March 2016

Esse artigo explora relações intertextuais em cartas de amor escritas nos anos 30 do século XX, no Rio de Janeiro. O principal objetivo é ler essas cartas à luz da canção popular brasileira, especialmente aquela produzida no período em que as cartas foram escritas. A hipótese central é a de que tanto as cartas reproduzem o discurso amoroso das canções populares quanto na mesma medida em que as canções retratam a vida e o amor entre as classes trabalhadoras então nascentes no Brasil do século XX.
Estudo diacrônico da colocação pronominal em complexos verbais na escrita do PB e do PE (séculos XIX e XX)
Authors: Nunes Carla Da Silva
Published: March 2016

Este artigo trata do tema da colocação do clítico “se” em complexos verbais nas amostras brasileira e europeia. Vale-se de corpus da modalidade escrita de editoriais, notícias e anúncios produzidos nos séculos XIX e XX. Com base na sociolinguística laboviana, desenvolve-se o tratamento estatístico dos dados provido pelo Goldvarb-X. Investigam-se, então, as trajetórias dos diferentes tipos de “se”, para se atestar as possíveis semelhanças e diferenças entre as escritas brasileira e europeia. Além disso, verifica-se se o comportamento dos dados reflete a existência de uma regra variável. Assim, analisam-se os possíveis condicionamentos linguísticos favorecedores de cl V1 V2 (se pode fazer), V1-cl V2 (pode-se fazer), V1 cl V2 (pode se fazer) e V1 V2-cl (pode fazer-se). Observa-se que a escrita, por vezes, aproxima as normas, como no contexto de início absoluto de período/oração, em se que recusa a próclise a V1 nas duas amostras, e aos complexos participiais, que não registram dados de ênclise a V2. Os padrões cultos escritos brasileiro e europeu assemelham-se, especificamente, no caso do indeterminador, nos dois séculos em questão. Por outro lado, o uso do reflexivo parece ser a questão central na diferenciação entre as duas normas estudadas. Enquanto os brasileiros parecem vincular suas escolhas aos tipos de “se”, em que o reflexivo tende a figurar adjacente a V2 (inclusive em próclise) e o indeterminador adjacente a V1, os europeus o fazem de forma mais suave e parecem relacionar suas escolhas também à forma do verbo principal e à presença de “proclisador”, especialmente com o indeterminador. A atuação do “proclisador” com o reflexivo é branda também no PE, mesmo assim, um pouco mais efetiva do que no PB. Ao final do século XX, as diferenças evidenciam-se ainda mais quando se registra o aumento da próclise a V2 no Brasil. No PE a variante não é empregada.
The μmRIXS spectrometer at BESSY II
Authors: Pietzsch Annette
Published: March 2016

The μmRIXS confocal plane grating spectrometer offers high resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy in the soft x-ray range between 50 eV and 1000 eV. The small focus of its dedicated beamline allows for spectroscopical imaging at selected sample sites with a spatial resolution of 1 micrometer.
Participação da sociedade na definição dos rumos da Escola Pública: manter ou eliminar a reprovação?
Authors: Mendes Valdelaine
Published: March 2016

<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as conseqüências da participação da sociedade em uma política pública para a conservação ou modificação das formas de organização do ensino. A política pública analisada - <em style="color: #000000; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: verdana, arial; font-size: 13px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">Constituinte Escolar: escola democrática e popular<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;"> - tinha como propósito contar com a participação da sociedade na definição de princípios e diretrizes da educação para a rede pública de ensino do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo demonstrou que todo o processo de participação criou condições para a reflexão sobre a organização do ensino na rede estadual, porém isso não foi suficiente para produzir alterações mais significativas nas rotinas escolares.
Avaliação no Bloco Inicial de Alfabetização no Distrito Federal
Authors: Villas Boas Benigna Maria de Freitas
Published: March 2016

<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">O texto apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as práticas avaliativas no Bloco Inicial de Alfabetização - BIA no Distrito Federal (DF). Esse bloco foi implantado em 2005 em 52 escolas de Ceilândia, cidade do DF. As informações foram coletadas por meio de: entrevistas com coordenadoras pedagógicas que atuam na Secretaria de Estado de Educação do DF e na Diretoria Regional de Ensino de Ceilândia; análise do documento orientador do BIA; análise de 33 projetos interventivos de escolas de Ceilândia e de informações obtidas por questionário respondido por professores. O texto compõe-se de análise do pioneirismo do DF na implantação de fases e etapas, no início da década de 60; do trabalho coletivo dos professores e do projeto interventivo, aspectos destacados no documento orientador do BIA; e dos aspectos relacionados à avaliação, apontados pelo documento orientador. Conclui-se com a apresentação de desafios para a avaliação, impostos pela implantação de bloco de alfabetização.
Formação do professor do Ensino Básico e a Avaliação Educacional
Authors: Rojas Hugo de Los Santos
Published: March 2016

<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">O artigo apresenta as conclusões de uma pesquisa acerca das dificuldades que os professores do ensino básico enfrentam no aprendizado de teorias e práticas sobre a avaliação que recorrentemente devem fazer de seus alunos, e como esses saberes vão se constituindo, tendo em vista não existir formação inicial para essa tarefa e a falta de clareza de como deve ser essa formação.
Avaliação do rendimento do aluno da Escola Pública Estadual de Minas Gerais no Período de 1991-1998: a experiência e seus ensinamentos.
Authors: Souza Maria Alba de
Published: March 2016

<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre o sentido da avaliação educacional, principalmente a avaliação de escolas/sistema, apresentando uma análise crítica, de natureza qualitativa, do Programa de Avaliação da Escola Pública Estadual de Minas Gerais, caracterizada por revisões e reflexões acerca do que ocorreu em termos de avaliação educacional no Estado, na década de 90. O trabalho busca uma maior compreensão das atividades, metodologias e estratégias desenvolvidas, identificando os momentos críticos, as repercussões, as conseqüências e as implicações do processo.