bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Awkward to Awesome
Authors: Hastings Sally O.
Published: December 2020

The proposed activity involves showing a relevant video immediately prior to the beginning of class. This activity may prove beneficial to both the instructor (reducing the generational divide and reducing interactional awkwardness) and for students (building community and student engagement). This activity is particularly appealing for younger generational cohorts in courses throughout higher education.
Exploring Socialization and Teaching Self-Efficacy through a Community of Practice for International Teaching Assistants
Authors: Hakkola Leah , Chien Ming Tso , Pelletreau Karen
Published: December 2020

International teaching assistants face unique and often challenging experiences when entering graduate studies in the United States. Challenges include navigating socialization into graduate education, and instructional, linguistic, and social difficulties. Communities of Practice can impart academic knowledge and information to assist with teacher self-efficacy, while simultaneously helping with creating a sense of community for graduate students. This multi-methods case study examined the impacts of a Community of Practice designed to socialize international teaching assistants and improve teacher self-efficacy. Researchers found that participation in this learning community enhanced teaching self-efficacy, heightened self-confidence, strengthened social relationships, and increased participants’ sense of belonging.
Discussion of Financial Integration at the Global Market Era
Authors: TURSOY Turgut , BERK Niyazi
Published: December 2020

This paper purpose is to discuss the latest troubling episode and remind the most critical event again at the world is the integration. First, the last attempt by the countries had been discussing and pronoun that the free market and its extensions are the most prominent phenomena around the world that market participants' perceptions are determined the equilibria prices freely. All the development into the markets witnesses that free market dynamics and the creation of the single global market is the most dominant factor to create a tremendous stimulus behind economic growth. This paper consequently supporting the view that financial integration is providing the necessary conditions to risk-sharing and capital flows to stimulus the economic growth with the expected level at global.
Exchange Rates and Liquidity Risk
Authors: EVANS Martin D.D.
Published: December 2020

I use Forex trading data to study how risks associated with the lack of liquidity contribute to the dynamics of 17 spot exchange rates through their time-varying contributions to risk premia. I find that liquidity risk matters. All the foreign exchange risk premia compensate investors for exposure to liquidity risk; and, for many currencies, exposure to liquidity risk appears to be more important than exposure to the traditional carry and momentum risk factors. I also find that variations in the price of liquidity risk make economically important contributions to the behavior of individual foreign currency returns: they account for approximately 34%, on average, of the variability in currency returns compared to the contribution of approximately 8% from the prices of carry and momentum risk.
On Option Greeks and Corporate Finance
Authors: CHANG Kuo-Ping
Published: December 2020

This paper has proposed new option Greeks and new upper and lower bounds for European and American options. It shows that because of the put-call parity, the Greeks of put and call options are interconnected and should be shown simultaneously. In terms of the theory of the firm, it is found that both the Black-Scholes-Merton and the binomial option pricing models implicitly assume that maximizing the market value of the firm is not equivalent to maximizing the equityholders’ wealth. The binomial option pricing model implicitly assumes that further increasing (decreasing) the promised payment to debtholders affects neither the speed of decreasing (increasing) in the equity nor the speed of increasing (decreasing) in the insurance for the promised payment. The Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model implicitly assumes that further increasing (decreasing) in the promised payment to debtholders will: (1) decrease (increase) the speed of decreasing (increasing) in the equity though bounded by upper and lower bounds, and (2) increase (decrease) the speed of increasing (decreasing) in the insurance though bounded by upper and lower bounds. The paper also extends the put-call parity to include senior debt and convertible bond. It specifies the lower bound for risky debt and the conditions under which American put option will not be early exercised.
A business-cycle model with a modified cash-in-advance feature, government sector and one-period nominal wage contracts: the case of Bulgaria
Authors: Vasilev Aleksandar
Published: December 2020

A business-cycle model with a modified cash-in-advance feature, government sector and one-period nominal wage contracts: the case of Bulgaria
Mathematical models for simulating Covid-19 contagion in Italy: first wave
Authors: Carf`ı David , Donato Alessia
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we provide two approximating functions for some dynamics associated with the first wave of Covid-19 contagion in Italy. We consider also two particular cases of Sicily and Lombardy. We consider only the evolution of total infected cases and new daily cases. We show that the total infected cases need, in the time period considered, two different approximations. We approximate the daily infected curves by the first derivative of the above two functions. In the case of Lombardy, we consider a wider time interval to obtain an ultimate approximation.
Lecture notes of Relativistic Mechanics: Worldlines, times and velocities of a particle
Authors: Carf`ı David
Published: December 2020

In these notes, we define and study some concepts from Special Relativistic Mechanics, in a differential geometric perspective. Our approach allows us to revisit and rethink some basic theoretical structures, in a way that reveals more feasible to developments in various directions, in particular in view of a better integration with Quantum Mechanics.
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in Children: A Practical Guideline for Paediatric Practitioners
Authors: Koberová Romana , Merglová Vlasta , Radochová Vladimíra
Published: December 2020

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common chronic oral mucosal lesion affecting up to 25% of the population. The diagnosis is based on well-defined clinical characteristics, but the precise aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. The treatment of RAS should be based on the identification and control of possible predisposing factors. A wide range of topical medicaments is available as antiseptics, anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. The systemic treatment is indicated in patients with continuous and aggressive manifestation, which is extremely rare in children. The present article provides a review of the current concept and knowledge of the aetiology, pathogenesis, and management of RAS in the paediatric population.
Development of Pharyngocutaneous Fistula after Total Laryngectomy: The Predictive Value of C-reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio
Authors: Yücel Abitter , Yücel Hilal , Aydemir Fuat , Mutaf Mert , Eryılmaz Mehmet Akif , Arbağ Hamdi
Published: December 2020

Background: We aimed to evaluate whether C-reactive protein(CRP)/ Albumin ratio (CAR) performed in the early postoperative period after total laryngectomy could be a predictive factor for the development of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF). Methods: The files of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent total laryngectomy between January 2005 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with PCF (PCF group) and without (Non-PCF group). CAR values and risk factors were compared between groups. Results: The overall incidence of PCF was 23.2%. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of CRP and CAR levels (p = 0.001). The CAR value of 27.05 (sensitivity = 75.0% , specificity 68.2%, area under curve (AUC) = 0.742, 95% confidence interval 0.616–0.868) was determined as a cutoff value to describe the development of fistula in the early postoperative period. In multiple linear regression analysis, there was an independent relationship between presence of PCF and previous RT and CAR value. Conclusions: CAR, performed in the early postoperative period, may be a new and useful marker for predicting PCF after total laryngectomy.
Assessment genetic diversity of einkorn genotypes (Triticum monococcum L.) by gliadin electrophoresis
Authors: DESHEVA Gergana Nikolova , KYOSEV Bozhidar , DESHEV Manol
Published: December 2020

The genetic diversity of gliadins in twenty two einkorn accessions preserved under long-term seed storage condition in the National gene bank of Bulgaria were evaluated, using acid polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (Acid-PAGE). In total, 64 polymorphic bands and 22 gliadin patterns were identified. Thirty four different mobility bands and 21 gliadin patterns were identified in the ω-gliadin zone, 12 bands and 16 patterns were noted in the γ-gliadins, 17 patterns and 12 mobility bands were found for β-gliadins and six bands with five different α -gliadin patterns were determined. The genetic diversity index (H) was the highest for ω-gliadins (0.950), followed by β-gliadins (0.924) and γ- (0.914), respectively and the lowest value was detected in α-gliadin patterns (0.120). Cluster analysis based on the UPGMA method and Nei and Li similarity coefficients classified all the genotypes into 3 main groups. No relationships between genetic diversity, geographic origin and the genotypes were observed. The results of cluster analysis justify the high level of genetic variation among investigated einkorn accessions.
Evaluation of soil physical properties of peat substrate
Authors: ZAMLJEN Tilen , SLATNAR Ana , ZUPANC Vesna
Published: December 2020

Peat substrate is the main substrate for plant production, mainly for the cultivation of vegetable seedlings and ornamental plants. Peat has good water retention properties, low mass, low pH and is free from diseases and pests. The water retention properties are particularly important for optimizing irrigation and thus water consumption in plant production. We investigated the water retention properties of unused and used peat substrate and various mixtures with additives, as well as the occurrence of water repellency, as this influences water absorption into the substrate. Unused peat substrate and different mixtures retained between 3.4 % and 18.4 % more water than the used substrate. The daily water losses are lower for the used substrates that initially contain lower water content at full saturation. At tensions between 10 and 33 kPa, the unused peat substrate contained between 25 % and 32 % water. The wilting point (WP) for unused peat substrate (tension between 300 and 1500 kPa) was between 15 and 18 %. Peat substrate has a wide interval of field capacity and the transition from the field capacity to wilting point is fast (change in water content between 7 % and 10 %). After drying, the water repellency of both unused and used peat substrates increased.
Plato and Antisthenes in the Phaedo: A Reflexive Reading. Part Two
Authors: Mazzara Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is not so much to show the presence of Antisthenes in the dialogue, but rather to examine that to which Plato alludes. The controversy over ideas between the two Socratics is histori­cally very well-attested, as can already be seen in the Cratylus. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that this controversy must have affected Plato when he was writing the Phaedo: a dialogue in which the importance of ideas and his new logic is undeniable. Hence, this paper will investigate the following question: what impact could Antisthenes’ denominative and definitory logic have on the equally denominative and definitory logic presented in the Phaedo, given that the latter work in all prob­ability preceded the Sathōn? In light of what is said in the dialogue, the answer focuses primarily on what would not be said. Thus, this study is divided into two parts: Part one shows how the so-called “second navigation” emerges as an objection to the insufficiency of the responses given by the physiologists. Tellingly, certain “common opinions” are regarded as perplexing and individuals holding them are referred to with the indeterminate tis, which – as is argued – must have included Antisthenes. Indeed, Tht. 108c7–8 reports the latter to have made common opinions a cornerstone of his denominative logic. Part two, on the other hand, is devoted to examining the so-called “final argument.” Here, Antisthenes’ presence seems somewhat more nuanced, given his incomplete knowledge of the new logic of irreversible opposites which was worked out by Plato for the purpose of demonstrating the immor­tality and indestructibility of the soul. On the other hand, Antisthenes is likely to have prompted Plato to specify the relationship between ideas and things in the definitory logic, since the proponent of the theory of oikeios logos refused to distinguish between the substance and its attrib­utes, the differences and their opposites, and the opposites of opposites.
Criminal Responsibility and Cannabis Use: Psychiatric Review and Proposed Guidelines
Authors: Niveau G
Published: December 2020

An evaluation of the criminal responsibility of an offender who has consumed cannabis necessitates knowledge of the effect of the product on the offender's mental state at the time of the alleged offense. However, the effects induced by cannabis are numerous and the forensic psychiatrist should base his diagnosis and his evaluation on facts which are as objective as possible. A selective literature review, using the computerized databases Medline, Psychlit and Embase, has been carried out to aid evaluation from a forensic psychiatry point of view. Biological means of cannabis detection, and the difficulties associated with using them to understand the clinical effect that the product has on any one user, are shown. Eight major categories which can be used in the domain of forensic psychiatry are detailed in this review: Acute usual effects, acute adverse effects, mood disturbance, acute toxic confusion, acute psychotic reaction, chronic paranoid psychosis, amotivational syndrome or other long term effects, and flashbacks. For each of these categories the effects of cannabis intoxication on cognitive and volitional capacities are analyzed, and guidelines for the evaluation of criminal responsibility are proposed.
Sharp Injury Fatalities in New York City
Authors: Gill JR , Catanese C
Published: December 2020

We reviewed the case records of all fatalities due to sharp injuries in New York City in 1999. The epidemiological profile, circumstances, toxicology results, location, and injuries were examined. There were 120 deaths: 101 homicides, 17 suicides, and 2 accidents. The causes of death included: 112 due to stab(s) with or without incised wounds and 8 pure incised wound fatalities of which 5 were suicides. The detection of ethanol and/or illicit drugs was 61% in the homicide and 12% in the suicide groups. “Defense wounds” were reported in 49% of the homicides and “hesitation” wounds were found in 65% of the suicides. There were no selfinflicted sharp injuries of the face. Deaths due to a single stab wound occurred in 34% (34/101) of the homicides and 24% (4/17) of the suicides. Of these 38 deaths, 58% were of the anterior thorax (chest) and 71% injured the heart and/or great vessels. The remaining deaths with single stab wounds involved the femoral artery, abdominal organs, or head. There were no sharp injury suicides by Hispanics, Asians, or anyone under the age of 18 years. Over half of the suicides at home occurred in the bathroom and 78% of these occurred in the bathtub. Suicide notes were found in 24% of suicides, and an additional 24% verbally expressed a plan to commit suicide.
The Identification of Sodium Fluoroacetate (Compound 1080) Employing NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kirms MA , Kirms LM
Published: December 2020

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed for the purpose of identifying samples of materials suspected of containing sodium fluoroacetate (Compound 1080). Acquisition of routine proton (1H) and carbon (13C) NMR spectra provided a straight-forward means for determining the presence of Compound 1080 in the samples and thus afforded a simple method for analysis and identification of this compound.
Allele Frequencies of Microsatellite Repeat Loci in Bhargavas, Chaturvedis, and Brahmins of North India
Authors: Agrawal S , Müller B , Bharadwaj U , Bhatnagar S , Khan F
Published: December 2020

Extraction: Modified salting out technique (1) followed by phenol—chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation.
Inhibition Underlies Fast Undulatory Locomotion inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Deng Lan , Denham Jack E. , Arya Charu , Yuval Omer , Cohen Netta , Haspel Gal
Published: December 2020

Inhibition plays important roles in modulating the neural activities of sensory and motor systems at different levels from synapses to brain regions. To achieve coordinated movement, motor systems produce alternating contractions of antagonist muscles, whether along the body axis or within and among limbs, which often involves direct or indirect cross-inhibitory pathways. In the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, a small network involving excitatory cholinergic and inhibitory GABAergic motoneurons generates the dorsoventral alternation of body-wall muscles that supports undulatory locomotion. Inhibition has been suggested to be necessary for backward undulation because mutants that are defective in GABA transmission exhibit a shrinking phenotype in response to a harsh touch to the head, whereas wild-type animals produce a backward escape response. Here, we demonstrate that the shrinking phenotype is exhibited by wild-type as well as mutant animals in response to harsh touch to the head or tail, but only GABA transmission mutants show slow locomotion after stimulation. Impairment of GABA transmission, either genetically or optogenetically, induces lower undulation frequency and lower translocation speed during crawling and swimming in both directions. The activity patterns of GABAergic motoneurons are different during low-frequency and high-frequency undulation. During low-frequency undulation, GABAergic VD and DD motoneurons show correlated activity patterns, while during high-frequency undulation, their activity alternates. The experimental results suggest at least three non-mutually exclusive roles for inhibition that could underlie fast undulatory locomotion inC. elegans, which we tested with computational models: cross-inhibition or disinhibition of body-wall muscles, or neuronal reset.
The VLPFC versus the DLPFC in Downregulating Social Pain Using Reappraisal and Distraction Strategies
Authors: Zhao Jun , Mo Licheng , Bi Rong , He Zhenhong , Chen Yuming , Xu Feng , Xie Hui , Zhang Dandan
Published: December 2020

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) are both crucial structures involved in voluntary emotional regulation. However, it remains unclear whether the functions of these two cortical regions that are involved in emotional regulation, which are usually active in non-social situations, could be generalized to the regulation of social pain as well. This study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine the causal relationship between the DLPFC/VLPFC and the emotional regulation of social pain via distraction and reappraisal. Ninety human participants (45 males and 45 females) initially underwent either active (DLPFC/VLPFC,n= 30/30) or sham (vertex,n= 30) TMS sessions. Participants were then instructed to use both distraction and reappraisal strategies to downregulate any negative emotions evoked by social exclusion pictures. Convergent results of the subjective emotional rating and electrophysiological indices demonstrated that: (1) both the DLPFC and VLPFC highly facilitate the downregulation of affective responses caused by social exclusion, revealing a causal role of these lateral PFCs in voluntary emotional regulation of both non-social and social pain; and (2) these two cortical regions showed relative functional specificity for distraction (DLPFC) and reappraisal (VLPFC) strategies, which helps to refine the cortical targeting of therapeutic protocols. In addition, the TMS effect was sustainable for at least 1 h, showcasing the potential feasibility of using this method in clinical practice. Together, these findings provide cognitive and neural evidence for the targeting of the VLPFC and/or the DLPFC to improve emotional regulation abilities, especially in social contexts.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study aimed to examine the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) in emotional regulation, particularly in response to social pain through the use of distraction and reappraisal strategies, as this is a relatively underexplored area of inquiry. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because our results provide novel empirical information on the role of these cortical structures in the processing of negative emotions elicited within certain social contexts. As such, our findings have potential clinical implications, paving the way for future clinicians to be able to accurately target specific brain regions among patients struggling with impaired social cognition abilities, including those diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder, autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder, and depression.
The Two Cysteines of Tau Protein Are Functionally Distinct and Contribute Differentially to Its Pathogenicityin Vivo
Authors: Prifti Engie , Tsakiri Eleni N. , Vourkou Ergina , Stamatakis George , Samiotaki Martina , Papanikolopoulou Katerina
Published: December 2020

Although Tau accumulation is clearly linked to pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease and other Tauopathies, the mechanism that initiates the aggregation of this highly soluble proteinin vivoremains largely unanswered. Interestingly,in vitroTau can be induced to form fibrillar filaments by oxidation of its two cysteine residues, generating an intermolecular disulfide bond that promotes dimerization and fibrillization. The recently solved structures of Tau filaments revealed that the two cysteine residues are not structurally equivalent since Cys-322 is incorporated into the core of the fibril, whereas Cys-291 projects away from the core to form the fuzzy coat. Here, we examined whether mutation of these cysteines to alanine affects differentially Tau mediated toxicity and dysfunction in the well-establishedDrosophilaTauopathy model. Experiments were conducted with both sexes, or with either sex. Each cysteine residue contributes differentially to Tau stability, phosphorylation status, aggregation propensity, resistance to stress, learning, and memory. Importantly, our work uncovers a critical role of Cys-322 in determining Tau toxicity and dysfunction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCysteine-291 and Cysteine-322, the only two cysteine residues of Tau present in only 4-Repeat or all isoforms, respectively, have competing functions: as the key residues in the catalytic center, they enable Tau auto-acetylation; and as residues within the microtubule-binding repeat region are important not only for Tau function but also instrumental in the initiation of Tau aggregation. In this study, we present the firstin vivoevidence that their substitution leads to differential consequences on Tau's physiological and pathophysiological functions. These differences raise the possibility that cysteine residues play a potential role in determining the functional diversity between isoforms.
Lessons from the field: What researchers learned from evaluating ICT platforms for rural development and education
Authors: Foko Thato Emmanuel , Mahwai Nare Joyce , Phiri Charles Acheson
Published: December 2020

The field of information and communication technology for development is a field constantly changing as new ICT tools emerge and new knowledge gained by field researchers while performing their duties. The research problem: The field ICT field is littered with examples of failed projects because field researchers did not know the best way to carry out their work. The paper is about knowledge imparted by six monitoring and evaluation field researchers after working for almost eight years, from 2010 to 2018, in ICT platforms projects. These platforms were deployed across South Africa’s remote rural areas. The work followed interpretivism as its philosophy and was underpinned by qualitative research methods. Written projects reports, face-to-face interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data and also to triangulate the findings. The participatory evaluation formed the basis for the complete understanding of the finding. (i) Planning; (ii) Deployment; and iii) Usage were found to be critical elements for a successful implementation of ICT platform. Although well planned, numerous lessons were still learned for the benefit of future projects.
Digital Justice
Authors: Chundur Suguna
Published: December 2020

As technology use permeates many parts of society there are still groups where the penetration of technology is low: adults with little exposure to technology during their traditional learning years, users from lower SES, lower education levels, resulting in a digital divide between the digital haves and have-nots.  This paper presents a community-based, mixed methods research project that endeavored to study the phenomenon of digital divide through a set of theoretical frameworks: Rawls’ principles of justice as fairness provided the overall social justice umbrella, Sen’s capability approach grounded the study in the specificities of learners’ lives and acknowledged learner diversity, and Horton’s cultural education, Freire’s critical consciousness, and Eubanks’ critical technology education provided the pedagogical lens to understand the importance of the critical learning process in digital education.  The findings from the study support the concept of situated or contextual technology that seeks to increase the benefits of technology for adult learners while providing them the tools to manage complex digital environments through relatable instruction, user-centric design for technological tools and interfaces, and more robust government action in alleviating the digital divide through well-designed digital literacy programs.
PRODUCCIÓN Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN DEL TINTE EN UGARIT
Authors: Álvarez García Juan
Published: December 2020

La cuestión del tinte en la antigüedad ha atraído a lo largo de la historiografía un gran interés por parte de los especialistas. Para esta línea de investigación, Ugarit ofrece grandes posibilidades de estudio tanto textual como arqueológico. Así pues, los tintes que aparecen con más frecuencia en las fuentes son el azul, la púrpura, el rojo y el verde, cada uno con una serie de materiales y procesos específicos necesarios para ser fabricados. Igualmente, se han identificado varias estructuras con posibles talleres donde se llevaría a cabo la manufactura del tinte. Por otro lado, las fuentes también nos hablan de la fama internacional que adquirieron estos tejidos, siendo altamente cotizados en cortes extranjeras y distribuidos a través de redes diplomáticas y comerciales.
A CORPUS OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN EMBALMING PLATES
Authors: Borrego Gallardo Francisco L.
Published: December 2020

The ‘embalming plate’ is a type of artefact that is mentioned quite frequently in the literature on ancient Egyptian mortuary practices. However, it has not been well studied so far. This paper is a preliminary corpus that can serve as a basis for further studies of this kind of objects, as an open list that can be expanded in the future. This corpus is divided into four lists: A) pieces removed from the mummies with which they were associated; B) doubtful examples; C) items discovered by the x-raying or scanning of mummies; D) embalming plates currently in two display cases in Room 22 at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
A REDESCOBERTA DE UM CLÁSSICO DA ESCRITA DE VIAGENS: OS COMENTARIOS DE DON GARCÍA DE SILVA Y FIGUEROA
Authors: Loureiro Rui Manuel
Published: December 2020

Durante a União Ibérica (1580-1640), as relações entre o Estado Português da Índia e a Pérsia conheceram desenvolvimentos importantes. Os monarcas espanhóis tentaram cooptar os safávidas para uma aliança estratégica contra o Império otomano, despachando sucessivas embaixadas para a corte persa. A embaixada de D. Garcia de Silva y Figueroa à Pérsia, que decorreu entre 1614 e 1624, insere-se neste contexto mais vasto. Os resultados da embaixada não foram brilhantes, e o embaixador, sem obter quaisquer resultados significativos, viria a falecer em 1624, na viagem de regresso a Portugal. Silva y Figueroa, contudo, foi um diarista verdadeiramente compulsivo, e ao longo da sua missão de vários anos, para além de redigir um alargado conjunto de missivas diplomáticas, escreveu uma longuíssima relação de viagem, os Comentarios. Muito recentemente, este verdadeiro clássico da escrita de viagens, há muito esquecido, foi finalmente redescoberto, e objecto de duas importantes edições.
On the Side of Predictable
Authors: Petrović-Šteger Maja , Ringel Felix , Rajković Ivan , Škokić Tea , Potkonjak Sanja , Greenberg Jessica
Published: December 2020

In order to be able to contextualize and understand social worlds, anthropologists pay close attention. We observe how individuals and communities relate to each other and to their ideas. We study the intimate and subjective, as well as the large-scale cosmologies by which people make themselves and the world. Our participatory methods and reflective analysis document the complex, intricate, patterned, and also random aspects of people’s reasoning and actions. These activities, on anthropology’s part, supposedly offer not only critical descriptions of the present (on its historical trajectories), but possible intimations of a society’s future. Anthropological analysis, in other words, not only describes but also anticipates. This position paper focuses on the notions of anticipation, predictability, and possibility in anthropology. It asks what methodological and theoretical assumptions are built into our ways of making predictions about our field sites. It invites the reader to consider the effects certain anticipatory practices have for the people and phenomena we study as well as for the discipline. Centrally, the paper proposes different ways of attending to visions that anticipate the future. By reflecting on my ethnographic and analytical journeys in Serbia, I attempt to explain why I currently make so much of questions of predictability and possibility in both the field and the discipline. My desire is to open up a discussion on the value of cultivating attention to what seems to emerge on the side of predictable.
Od (a)političnosti do participacije, od ideje do realizacije
Authors: Milak Matea
Published: December 2020

U članku se prikazuju promjene do kojih je došlo u navijačkoj grupi Bad Blue Boys u posljednjih desetak godina pod utjecajem sukoba s Upravom GNK Dinamo. Navedena dinamika odnosa proučava se u sklopu koncepta političke neparticipacije i djelovanja kroz civilno društvo te u sklopu globalnog pokreta Against modern football. U istraživanju je korištena kvalitativna metodologija te je provedeno jedanaest dubinskih intervjua s nogometnim navijačima Bad Blue Boysima. Istraživanjem je ustanovljeno slabljenje grupne kohezije u proteklih desetak godina te početak djelovanja Bad Blue Boysa kroz sferu civilnog društva. Najznačajniji projekt proizašao iz tog djelovanja, a čije su pokretačke snage spomenuti koncepti, jest Futsal Dinamo, koji u kombinaciji s elementnom nostalgije predstavlja novinu u navijačkoj grupi Bad Blue Boys.
Violencia de género y riesgo de feminicidio en alumnas de universidades públicas y privadas de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Velásquez Centeno Carlos , Grajeda Montalvo Alex , Montgomery Urday William , Montero López Víctor , Pomalaya Verastegui Ricardo , Pampa Luque Kelly , Flores Guerra Susy , Vallejos Saldarriaga José , Cabrera Echegaray Susana , Zamudio Flores David
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la relación entre las actitudes hacia la violencia de género y el extremo riesgo de la pareja de ser víctima de violencia o feminicidio, con estudiantes de género femenino en universidades públicas y privadas de Lima Metropolitana, siendo los instrumentos a utilizar la Escala de Actitud Hacia la Violencia de Género y la Escala de Evaluación del Riesgo. La aplicación de los instrumentos se efectúa sobre una muestra de estudiantes de universidades públicas y privadas de las áreas de Ciencias de la Salud. Los resultados generales indican que a mayor actitud de rechazo a la violencia, existe menor experimentación de violencia; las mujeres de universidades privadas experimentan mayor violencia física, sexual y económica, y menor rechazo a la violencia de género; las jóvenes muestran un mayor rechazo a la violencia que las adultas; las mujeres que tienen pareja experimentan mayor violencia psicológica y económica; y las personas auto-empleadas son las que consideran sufrir mayor violencia en todos sus tipos a comparación de aquellas empleadas y desempleadas.
Membrane Properties of Montmorillonite, Saponite and Clinoptilolite During Electroosmotic Fractionation of Hydrogen Isotopes
Authors: PUSHKAROV O.V. , ZUBKO A.V. , SEVRUK I.M. , DOLIN V.Vic.
Published: December 2020

Based on experimental studies, the possibility and efficiency of usage of montmorillonite, saponite, and clinoptilolite as separation membranes during electroosmotic fractionation of hydrogen isotopes in an aqueous electrolyte solution was evaluated. For the experiments, the following samples were used: bentonite (Cherkasy deposit) with a content of montmorillonite of 75% (hereinafter referred to as montmorillonite), saponite (Varvariv deposit) and clinoptilolite (Sokyrnytsya deposit). It was found that under the influence of an electric field, electroosmotic filtration of the tritiated electrolyte occurs through weakly permeable membranes. Depending on the structural features of the mineral substance, various proton conductivity of the membranes was recorded, which determines the different intensity of the redistribution of ions of dissociated HTO molecules between the anode and cathode chambers. The largest difference between the specific activity of tritium in the anolyte and catholyte was obtained in the system where the mineral membrane was made of saponite (11% and 26% of the specific activity of tritium in the initial HTO, respectively). The least was the stability of the montmorillonite membrane. Its destruction upon interaction with a Na2CO3 solution led to electrolyte leakage and a decrease in the extraction of tritium from the filtrate (catholyte). The use of clinoptilolite when creating a composite with montmorillonite made it possible to increase the stability of the membrane and additional possibilities for fractionating hydrogen isotopes in an electrolyte. Electroosmotic filtration of the electrolyte was accompanied by fractionation of hydrogen isotopes in the mineral membranes of the experimental systems. The largest isotope effect was obtained in montmorillonite and composite montmorillonite-zeolite membranes, where the fractionation coefficient α in the fraction extracted from the interlayer space was 1.16 and 1.12, respectively. In a composite membrane, where the amount of clinoptilolite was 67.5%, isotopic hydrogen fractionation was also observed in the surface-adsorbed fraction (α = 1.5) and in a structurally bound form (α = 1.1). The use of saponite as an electroosmotic membrane leads to a smaller isotope effect than in a montmorillonite membrane, and is manifested in surface-adsorbed water (α = 1.08) and in the interlayer space (α = 1.02). The addition of quartz sand to montmorillonite reduces the efficiency of fractionation of hydrogen isotopes detected only in the surface-adsorbed fraction (α = 1.02).
Smoking Cessation Counseling in the Inpatient Unit: A Survey of Pediatric Hospitalists
Authors: Dickinson Blair J. , Thompson E. Douglas , Gracely Edward J. , Wilson Karen M.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To determine practices and beliefs of pediatric hospitalists regarding smoking cessation counseling for caregivers of hospitalized children.

METHODS:

An electronic survey was distributed to 249 members of the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings Network over 6 weeks in 2017 (83 responses [33%]). Questions explored beliefs regarding the impact of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and practices in TSE screening, provision of counseling, resources, and pharmacotherapy. Nonparametric tests were used to compare groups on numeric variables, χ2 tests were used to compare groups on nominal variables, and McNemar’s test was used to compare dichotomous responses within subjects.

RESULTS:

All respondents were familiar with the term “secondhand smoke,” and >75% were familiar with “thirdhand smoke” (THS). Familiarity with THS was associated with more recent completion of training (P = .04). Former smokers (7%) were less likely to agree that THS has a significant impact on a child’s health (P = .04). Hospitalists ask about TSE more often than they provide counseling, resources, or pharmacotherapy to caregivers who want to quit smoking. Hospitalists are more likely to ask about TSE and provide cessation counseling when patients have asthma as opposed to other diseases. Time was identified by 41% of respondents as a barrier for providing counseling and by 26% of respondents as a barrier for providing resources. Most respondents never prescribe pharmacotherapy (72%), nor do they follow-up with caregivers after hospitalization regarding cessation (87%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although most respondents ask about TSE, opportunities are missed for counseling and providing support to caregivers who want to quit smoking. Providers should be educated about THS, and systems should be streamlined to facilitate brief counseling sessions.
Three-Year Follow-up of 2-Dose Versus 3-Dose HPV Vaccine
Authors: Bornstein Jacob , Roux Surita , Kjeld Petersen Lone , Huang Li-Min , Dobson Simon R. , Pitisuttithum Punnee , Diez-Domingo Javier , Schilling Andrea , Ariffin Hany , Tytus Richard , Rupp Richard , Senders Shelly , Engel Eli , Ferris Daron , Kim Yae-Jean , Tae Kim Young , Kurugol Zafer , Bautista Oliver , Nolan Katrina M. , Sankaranarayanan Sandhya , Saah Alfred , Luxembourg Alain
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) antibody responses to the 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine among girls and boys (aged 9–14 years) receiving 2-dose regimens (months 0, 6 or 0, 12) were noninferior to a 3-dose regimen (months 0, 2, 6) in young women (aged 16–26 years) 4 weeks after last vaccination in an international, randomized, open-label trial (NCT01984697). We assessed response durability through month 36.

METHODS:

Girls received 2 (months 0 and 6 [0, 6]: n = 301; months 0 and 12 [0, 12]: n = 151) or 3 doses (months 0,2, and 6 [0, 2, 6]: n = 301); boys received 2 doses ([0, 6]: n = 301; [0, 12]: n = 150); and young women received 3 doses ([0, 2, 6]: n = 314) of 9vHPV vaccine. Anti-HPV geometric mean titers (GMTs) were assessed by competitive Luminex immunoassay (cLIA) and immunoglobulin G-Luminex immunoassay (IgG-LIA) through month 36.

RESULTS:

Anti-HPV GMTs were highest 1 month after the last 9vHPV vaccine regimen dose, decreased sharply during the subsequent 12 months, and then decreased more slowly. GMTs 2 to 2.5 years after the last regimen dose in girls and boys given 2 doses were generally similar to or greater than GMTs in young women given 3 doses. Across HPV types, most boys and girls who received 2 doses (cLIA: 81%–100%; IgG-LIA: 91%–100%) and young women who received 3 doses (cLIA: 78%–98%; IgG-LIA: 91%–100%) remained seropositive 2 to 2.5 years after the last regimen dose.

CONCLUSIONS:

Antibody responses persisted through 2 to 2.5 years after the last dose of a 2-dose 9vHPV vaccine regimen in girls and boys. In girls and boys, antibody responses generated by 2 doses administered 6 to 12 months apart may be sufficient to induce high-level protective efficacy through at least 2 years after the second dose.
Sustained Lung Inflations During Neonatal Resuscitation at Birth: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Kapadia Vishal S. , Urlesberger Berndt , Soraisham Amuchou , Liley Helen G. , Schmölzer Georg M. , Rabi Yacov , Wyllie Jonathan , Wyckoff Myra H. ,   on behalf of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Neonatal Life Support Task Force
Published: December 2020

CONTEXT:

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation prioritized review of sustained inflation (SI) of the lung at birth.

OBJECTIVE:

To complete a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing strategies using 1 or more SI ≥1 second with intermittent inflations <1 second for newborns at birth.

DATA SOURCES:

Medline, Embase, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews were searched from January 1, 1946, to July 20, 2020.

STUDY SELECTION:

Studies were selected by pairs of independent reviewers in 2 stages.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Reviewers extracted data, appraised risk of bias, and assessed certainty of evidence for each outcome.

RESULTS:

Ten trials enrolling 1502 preterm newborns were included. Five studies included newborns who did not receive assisted ventilation at the outset. There were no differences between SI and control groups for death before discharge or key morbidities. For death within the first 2 days, comparing SI with the controls, risk ratio was 2.42 (95% confidence interval = 1.15–5.09). In subgroup analysis of preterm infants ≤28 + 0 weeks’ gestation, for death before discharge, risk ratio was 1.38 (95% confidence interval = 1.00–1.91). Together, these findings suggest the potential for harm of SI.

LIMITATIONS:

The certainty of evidence was very low for death in the delivery room and low for all other outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this systematic review, we did not find benefit in using 1 or more SI >5 seconds for preterm infants at birth. SI(s) may increase death before discharge among the subgroup born ≤28 + 0 weeks’ gestation. There is insufficient evidence to determine the likely effect of SI(s) on other key morbidities.
Karl Marx, força de trabalho e trabalho abstrato
Authors: Wellen Henrique
Published: December 2020

A formação do pensamento de Karl Marx passou por momentos distintos e teve influências diversas. Dentre elas, destacam-se as chamadas “três fontes”: a filosofia alemã, a economia política inglesa e a perspectiva revolucionária. No caso da economia política, é possível visualizar três períodos centrais que demarcam diferenças importantes da relação de Marx com essa ciência: até 1844, entre 1845 e 1849, e a partir de 1857. Se, no trânsito desses períodos se destacam algumas categorias importantes, as formas de tratamento dados às categorias força de trabalho e trabalho abstrato anunciam importantes mediações teóricas e políticas.
Vigilância socioassistencial no contexto do território
Authors: Terezinha Duro Guimarães Gleny , Isadora de Oliveira Nascimento Fernanda , Janczura Rosane
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a função da vigilância socioassistencial enquanto diagnóstico do território, com base nos dados do Censo Suas de 2016 e 2017. Para isso, realiza uma pesquisa documental, norteada pelo método do materialismo histórico. Os resultados demonstram uma retração em alguns serviços socioassistenciais dos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (Cras), em decorrência do avanço da perspectiva neoliberal no desmonte das políticas sociais.
An advocacy coalition analysis of the game RapeLay
Authors: Rocha Ferraz Ribeiro Dilton
Published: December 2020

The Advocacy Coalition Framework provides an efficient lens to analyze a complex subsystem concerning the controversial issue of fictitious depictions of children and rape fantasies in games, especially a game released in Japan called RapeLay. There are two opposing coalitions in Japan: the “children protection coalition” and the “pro status quo coalition”. Each group seeks to influence people to either change or to maintain the current non-criminalization of these products. This article analyzes how these coalitions are bound together and whether they are efficient.
A luta contra a corrupção
Authors: Vannucci Alberto , Petrarca Fernanda Rios
Published: December 2020

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Preparing Christian health workers for international work: Evaluating a short global health course
Authors: Kirubakaran Sneha , Shaw Doug , McArthur Lawrie , Miller Angus , Radford Anthony
Published: December 2020

Improving global health education to ensure health professionals are prepared and competent in the world’s increasingly interconnected health-scape is a vital need. For many health professionals, global health education is facilitated through short, pre-departure courses in cross-cultural health and development work. There is currently limited literature on both the availability and the effectiveness of such courses. Our research aim was to explore the impact of a short course in global health education, designed and delivered by an Australian not-for-profit organisation, Intermed SA (Intermed). We conducted a short online survey of Intermed graduates, followed by semi-structured interviews with selected participants. The results indicate that Intermed’s International Health and Development course was effective in achieving the course objectives as assessed by graduates, whilst also having a positive practical impact on the graduates’ professional development.
How Christian pharmacists can maximize their potentials in healthcare delivery: Adopting the prayer, faith, and action model
Authors: Okereke Melody , David Kenneth Bitrus , Onyedikachukwu Ezeofor Ozioma
Published: December 2020

In the absence of scientific breakthrough, patients search for solutions beyond science in the quest for good health. This is because spirituality greatly influences therapeutic outcomes and healthcare delivery. Healthcare providers must confront the dual needs of their patients; spiritual and health. Christian pharmacists can have an integral role to play in addressing these needs by means of a specialized focus on Christian faith. In this paper, we propose a Prayer, Faith, and Action Model for pharmacists who desire faith-based healthcare delivery in their professional settings. This model is worth adopting if Christian pharmacists want to maximize their potential in the course of healthcare delivery.
Creating shared resilience: The role of the church in a hopeful future by David M. Boan and Josh Ayers. Langham Global Library, 2020
Authors: Nijssen Pieter
Published: December 2020

Book review of Creating Shared Resilience.