bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The crater-induced YORP effect
Authors: Zhou Wen-Han , Zhang Yun , Yan Xiaoran , Michel Patrick
Published: October 2022

Context. The Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack (YORP) effect plays an important role in the rotational properties and evolution of asteroids. While the YORP effect induced by the macroscopic shape of the asteroid and by the presence of surface boulders has been well studied, no investigation has been performed yet regarding how craters with given properties influence this effect.

Aims. We introduce and estimate the crater-induced YORP effect (CYORP), which arises from the concave structure of the crater, to investigate the magnitude of the resulting torques as a function of varying properties of the crater and the asteroid by a semi-analytical method.

Methods. By using a simple spherical shape model of the crater and assuming zero thermal inertia, we calculated the total YORP torque due to the crater, which was averaged over the spin and orbital motions of the asteroid, accounting for self-sheltering and self-sheltering effects.

Results. The general form of the CYORP torque can be expressed in terms of the crater radius R0 and the asteroid radius Rast: 〈TCYORP〉 ~ WR02RastΦ/c, where W is an efficiency factor. We find that the typical values of W are about 0.04 and 0.025 for the spin and obliquity component, respectively, which indicates that the CYORP can be comparable to the normal YORP torque when the size of the crater is about one-tenth of the size of the asteroid, or equivalently when the crater/roughness covers one-tenth of the asteroid surface. Although the torque decreases with the crater size R0 as ~R02, the combined contribution of all small craters can become non-negligible due to their large number when the commonly used power-law crater size distribution is considered. The CYORP torque of small concave structures, usually considered as surface roughness, is essential to the accurate calculation of the complete YORP torque. Under the CYORP effect that is produced by collisions, asteroids go through a random walk in spin rate and obliquity, with a YORP reset timescale typically of 0.4 Myr. This has strong implications for the rotational evolution and orbital evolution of asteroids.

Conclusions. Craters and roughness on asteroid surfaces, which correspond to concave structures, can influence the YORP torques and therefore the rotational properties and evolution of asteroids. We suggest that the CYORP effect should be considered in the future investigation of the YORP effect on asteroids.
A deep 1.4 GHz survey of the J1030 equatorial field: A new window on radio source populations across cosmic time
Authors: D’Amato Q. , Prandoni I. , Gilli R. , Vignali C. , Massardi M. , Liuzzo E. , Jagannathan P. , Brienza M. , Paladino R. , Mignoli M. , Marchesi S. , Peca A. , Chiaberge M. , Mazzolari G. , Norman C.
Published: October 2022

We present deep L-Band observations of the equatorial field centered on the z = 6.3 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar (QSO). This field is rich of multiwavelength photometry and spectroscopy data, making it an ideal laboratory for galaxy evolution studies. Our observations reach a 1σ sensitivity of ~2.5 µJy at the center of the field. We extracted a catalog of 1489 radio sources down to a flux density of ~12.5 µJy (5σ) over a field of view of ~ 30′ diameter. We derived the source counts accounting for catalog reliability and completeness, and compared them with others available in the literature. Our source counts are among the deepest available so far, and, overall, are consistent with recent counts’ determinations and models. They show a slight excess at flux densities ~50 µJy, possibly associated with the presence of known overdensities in the field. We detected for the first time in the radio band the SDSS J1030+0524 QSO (26 ± 5 µJy, 8σ significance level). For this object, we derived an optical radio loudness RO = 0.62±0.12, which makes it the most radio quiet among active galactic nuclei (AGN) discovered so far at z ≳ 6 and detected at radio wavelengths. We unveiled extended diffuse radio emission associated with the lobes of a bright Fanaroff-Riley type II (FRII) radio galaxy located close to the center of the J1030 field, which is likely to become the future brightest cluster galaxy of a protocluster at z = 1.7. The lobes’ complex morphology, coupled with the presence of X-ray diffuse emission detected around the FRII galaxy lobes, may point toward an interaction between the radio jets and the external medium. We also investigated the relation between radio and X-ray luminosity for a sample of 243 X-ray-selected objects obtained from 500 ks Chandra observations of the same field, and spanning a wide redshift range (0 ≲ z ≲ 3). Focused on sources with a spectroscopic redshift and classification, we found that sources hosted by early-type galaxies and AGN follow log(LR)/log(LX) linear correlations with slopes of ~0.6 and ~0.8, respectively. This is interpreted as a likely signature of different efficiency in the accretion process. Finally, we found that most of these sources (≳87%) show a radio-to-X-ray radio loudness RX ≲ −3.5, classifying these objects as radio quiet.
SIT 45: An interacting, compact, and star-forming isolated galaxy triplet
Authors: Grajales-Medina D. , Argudo-Fernández M. , Vásquez-Bustos P. , Verley S. , Boquien M. , Salim S. , Duarte Puertas S. , Lisenfeld U. , Espada D. , Salas-Olave H.
Published: October 2022

Context. The underlying scenario of the formation and evolution of galaxy triplets is still uncertain. Mergers of galaxies in isolated triplets give us the opportunity to study the already complex merging process, with minimal contamination of other environmental effects that potentially allow and accelerate galaxy transitions from active star-forming to passive galaxies.

Aims. The merging system SIT 45 (UGC 12589) is one of 315 systems in the SDSS-based catalogue of Isolated Triplets (SIT); it is an unusual isolated galaxy triplet, consisting of three merging late-type galaxies. The main aims of this work are to study the dynamical evolution and star formation history (SFH) of SIT 45, as well as its dependence on its local and large-scale environment.

Methods. To study its dynamics, parameters such as the velocity dispersion (σv), the harmonic radius (RH), the crossing time (H0tc), and the virial mass (Mvir), along with the compactness of the triplet (S) were considered. To investigate the possible dependence of these dynamical parameters on the environment, the tidal force Q parameters (both local and large-scale) and the projected local density (ηk) were used. To constrain the SFH, we used CIGALE to fit its observed spectral energy distribution using multiwavelength data from the ultraviolet to the infrared.

Results. SIT 45 is one of the most compact triplets in the SIT, and it is also more compact than triplets in other samples. According to its SFH, SIT 45 presents star formation, where the galaxies also present recent (∼200 Myr) star formation increase, indicating that this activity may have been triggered by the interaction. Its dynamical configuration suggests that the system is highly evolved in comparison to the SIT. However, this is not expected for systems composed of star-forming late-type galaxies, based on observations in compact groups.

Conclusions. We conclude that SIT 45 is a system of three interacting galaxies that are evolving within the same dark matter halo; its compact configuration is a consequence of the ongoing interaction rather than being due to a long-term evolution (as suggested from its H0tc value). We consider two scenarios for the present configuration of the triplet, one where one of the members is a tidal galaxy, and another where this galaxy arrives to the system after the interaction. Both scenarios need further exploration. The isolated triplet SIT 45 is therefore an ideal system to study short timescale mechanisms (∼108 yr), such as starbursts triggered by interactions which are more frequent at higher redshift.
Ion irradiation triggers the formation of the precursors of complex organics in space
Authors: Urso R. G. , Hénault E. , Brunetto R. , Baklouti D. , Baratta G. A. , Djouadi Z. , Elsaesser A. , Scirè C. , Strazzulla G. , Palumbo M. E.
Published: October 2022

Context. Cosmic rays and solar energetic particles induce changes in the composition of compounds frozen onto dust grains in the interstellar medium (ISM), in comets, and on the surfaces of atmosphere-less small bodies in the outer Solar System. This induces the destruction of pristine compounds and triggers the formation of various species, including the precursors of complex organics.

Aims. We investigate the role of energetic ions in the formation of formaldehyde (H2CO) and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), which are observed in the ISM and in comets, and which are thought to be the precursors of more complex compounds such as hexamethylenete-tramine (HMT), which is found in carbonaceous chondrites and in laboratory samples produced after the irradiation and warm-up of astrophysical ices.

Methods. We performed ion irradiation of water, methanol, and ammonia mixtures at 14–18 K. We bombarded frozen films with 40–200 keV H+ that simulate solar energetic particles and low-energy cosmic rays. Samples were analysed by infrared transmission spectroscopy.

Results. Among other molecules, we observe the formation of H2CO and CH3CHO, and we find that their abundance depends on the dose and on the stoichiometry of the mixtures. We find that the H2CO abundance reaches the highest value after a dose of 10 eV/16u and then it decreases as the dose increases.

Conclusions. The data suggest that surfaces exposed to high doses are depleted in H2CO. This explains why the amount of HMT in organic residues and that formed after irradiation of ices depends on the dose deposited in the ice. Because the H2CO abundance decreases at doses higher than 10 eV/16u, a lower quantity of H2CO is available to form HMT during the subsequent warm-up. The H2CO abundances caused by ion bombardment are insufficient to explain the ISM abundances, but ion bombardment can account for the abundance of CH3CHO towards the ISM and comets.
The resolved scaling relations in DustPedia: Zooming in on the local Universe
Authors: Casasola Viviana , Bianchi Simone , Magrini Laura , Mosenkov Aleksandr V. , Salvestrini Francesco , Baes Maarten , Calura Francesco , Cassarà Letizia P. , Clark Christopher J. R. , Corbelli Edvige , Fritz Jacopo , Galliano Frédéric , Liuzzo Elisabetta , Madden Suzanne , Nersesian Angelos , Pozzi Francesca , Roychowdhury Sambit , Baronchelli Ivano , Bonato Matteo , Gruppioni Carlotta , Pantoni Lara
Published: October 2022

Aims.We perform a homogeneous analysis of an unprecedented set of spatially resolved scaling relations (SRs) between interstellar medium (ISM) components, that is to say dust, gas, and gas-phase metallicity, and other galaxy properties, such as stellar mass (Mstar), total baryonic content, and star-formation rate (SFR), in a range of physical scales between 0.3 and 3.4 kpc. We also study some ratios between galaxy components: dust-to-stellar, dust-to-gas, and dust-to-metal ratios.

Methods.We use a sample of 18 large, spiral, face-on DustPedia galaxies. The sample consists of galaxies with spatially resolved dust maps corresponding to 15Herschel-SPIRE 500 μm resolution elements across the optical radius, with the morphological stage spanning fromT =  2 to 8,Mstarfrom 2 × 109to 1 × 1011M⊙, SFR from 0.2 to 13M⊙yr−1, and oxygen abundance from 12 + log(O/H) = 8.3 to 8.8.

Results.All the SRs are moderate or strong correlations except the dust-H ISR that does not exist or is weak for most galaxies. The SRs do not have a universal form but each galaxy is characterized by distinct correlations, affected by local processes and galaxy peculiarities. The SRs hold, on average, starting from the scale of 0.3 kpc, and if a breaking down scale exists it is below 0.3 kpc. By evaluating all galaxies together at the common scale of 3.4 kpc, differences due to peculiarities of individual galaxies are cancelled out and the corresponding SRs are consistent with those of whole galaxies. By comparing subgalactic and global scales, the most striking result emerges from the SRs involving ISM components: the dust-total gas SR is a good correlation at all scales, while the dust-H2and dust-H ISRs are good correlations at subkiloparsec/kiloparsec and total scales, respectively. For the other explored SRs, there is a good agreement between small and global scales and this may support the picture where the main physical processes regulating the properties and evolution of galaxies occur locally. In this scenario, our results are consistent with the hypothesis of self-regulation of the star-formation process. The analysis of subgalactic ratios between galaxy components shows that they are consistent with those derived for whole galaxies, from low to high redshift, supporting the idea that also these ratios could be set by local processes.

Conclusions.Our results highlight the heterogeneity of galaxy properties and the importance of resolved studies on local galaxies in the context of galaxy evolution. They also provide fundamental observational constraints to theoretical models and updated references for high-redshift studies.
Spezialisierung der Schlaganfallversorgung in Deutschland:
Strukturveränderungen im Zeitraum von 2006–2017
Authors: Ebbeler Dijana , Schneider Michael , Busse Otto , Berger Klaus , Dröge Patrik , Günster Christian , Kaps Manfred , Misselwitz Björn , Timmesfeld Nina , Geraedts Max
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund Um die Schlaganfallversorgung zu optimieren, wurden in
Deutschland in den letzten Jahren verschiedene
qualitätsfördernde Maßnahmen (qfM) in regional
unterschiedlichem Maß eingeführt. Ob sich diese
Maßnahmen über die Jahre flächendeckend etabliert
haben, ist unklar.

Methode Für die strukturbezogenen Analysen der Schlaganfallversorgung
in Deutschland wurden alle relevanten dokumentierten Schlaganfälle
(ICD-10) aus den Qualitätsberichten (QB) deutscher
Krankenhäuser und eine repräsentative Stichprobe von
Krankenversicherungsdaten (AOK) im Zeitraum von 2006 (QB)/2007 (AOK)
bis 2017 verwendet. Diese Informationen wurden u. a. durch Angaben
zu zertifizierten Stroke Units der Deutschen Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft (DSG)
und Daten zur Führung von regionalen Schlaganfall-Registern der
Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutschsprachiger Schlaganfall-Register (ADSR)
ergänzt. Zur Verfolgung der Veränderungen des
Versor-gungsgeschehens im deutschen Bundesgebiet wurden die Daten mit
geografischen Daten (Bundesamt für Kartographie und
Geodäsie) verknüpft. Es erfolgten univariate Analysen der
Daten und eine Trend-Analyse der verschiedenen qfM im Jahresverlauf
(Konkordanzkoeffizient nach Kendall).

Ergebnisse Die QB Analysen zeigten einen Anstieg kodierter
Schlaganfälle in Krankenhäusern mit qfM um
14–20%. In 2006 wurden 80% der Schlaganfälle
(QB) in einem Krankenhaus mit min. einer qfM kodiert, in 2017 95%.
Diese Entwicklungen spiegelten sich auch in den AOK-Routinedaten wider,
wobei in 2007 89% und in 2017 97% der Patient:innen unter
mindestens einer qfM behandelt wurden. Dabei waren in 2007 bei 55%
der behandelnden Krankenhäuser qfM vorhanden, in 2017 bei
72%.

Schlussfolgerung Patient:innen werden inzwischen signifikant häufiger
in Krankenhäusern mit Spezialisierung auf die Schlaganfallversorgung
behandelt. Auch die verschiedenen qfM haben sich im Laufe der Jahre im
gesamten Bundesgebet verbreitet, jedoch existieren noch
Versorgungslücken, die geschlossen werden sollten, damit in Zukunft
alle Patient:innen qualitativ hochwertig behandelt werden
können.
Ambulante kinderurologische Operationen in der kinderchirurgischen Praxis: Vorgehensweise in unserer kinderchirurgischen Praxis am Beispiel des Hodenhochstandes
Authors: Lippert Ralf Reinhold , van Wasen Felix
Published: October 2022

Der Artikel beschreibt die Versorgungsrealität kinderurologischer Behandlungen in einer
kinderchirurgischen Praxis am Beispiel der Therapie des Hodenhochstandes. Er unterstreicht
dabei die Wichtigkeit von sowohl kindgerechter als auch leitliniengerechter Vorgehensweise im
Rahmen von Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachbehandlung des Hodenhochstandes. Die im Berufsverband
niedergelassener Kinderchirurgen Deutschlands (BNKD e.V.) organisierten Kinderchirurgen weisen
dabei eine lange Erfahrung und hohe Expertise auf. Reaktionen auf Veränderungen der Leitlinie
zum Hodenhochstand sind anhand der OP-Jahresstatistik des Berufsverbandes erkennbar: das Alter
der Kinder zum Zeitpunkt der operativen Therapie ist leitliniengerecht im Verlauf gesunken.
Hier besteht nach wie vor Verbesserungspotential. Qualitativ hochwertige kinderurologische
Behandlungen sind abhängig von der Qualität und Expertise des behandelnden Teams und der
Kontinuität der Behandlung im Rahmen eines kindgerechten Settings. Kinderchirurgische Praxen
in Deutschland können hier einen wesentlichen Beitrag bei der Behandlung des Hodenhochstandes
im Kindesalter leisten.
Lebensbedrohliche Komplikation durch Neurostimulator
Authors: Krüger Sara , Thaler Stefanie , Clauser Silvia , Folchini Decio , Krause Philipp , Berner Lucas , Pycha Armin , Palermo Salvatore , Comploj Evi , Trenti Emanuela
Published: October 2022

Wir berichten über eine 66-jährige neuro-urologische Patientin, die 3 Jahre nach Implantation eines Neuromodulators aufgrund einer Strangulation durch das Stimulationskabel eine Nekrose des Zäkums erlitt.
The Relationship of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness with Cell Adhesion
Molecules and Pentraxin-3 in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Soysal Gündüz Özgü , Armağan Alptürker Kezban , Güler Şen Menice , Can Fatma , Erdal Serkan , Ulman Cevval , Pırıldar Timur
Published: October 2022

Aim Cardiovascular morbidity is increased in patients with psoriatic
arthritis (PsA) compared to the general population. Several recent studies have
indicated that pentraxin 3 (PTX-3) and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) might be
independent biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis. In this study, we aimed
to determine the relationship of CAMs and PTX-3 with carotid intima media
thickness (CIMT) in patients with PsA and to compare CIMT and serum levels of
these biomarkers in patients with healthy controls (HCs).

Method PsA patients fulfilling the CASPAR (Classification criteria for
Psoriatic Arthritis) criteria without traditional cardiovascular (CV)
comorbidity and HCs without autoimmune and/or CV disease were included
in this cross-sectional study. Carotid artery Doppler ultrasound examinations
were conducted by a single radiologist blinded to the participants’
clinical characteristics. Serum vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1),
intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and PTX-3 concentrations
were analized.

Results 43 PsA patients (27 females, mean age 42.49±11.70 years,
and a mean disease duration of 9.37±7.96 years) and 37 HCs (28 females,
mean age 42.16±11.38 years) were included. In regression analyses, age
and PTX-3 were found to be the best predictors of CIMT in patients with PsA.
CIMT was significantly higher in PsA patients compared with HCs
(0.63±0.18 vs. 0.49±0.10 mm, p<0.01). In te PsA
group, serum levels of PTX-3, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were also significantly higher
than HCs. CIMT correlated positively with age, disease duration, PTX-3, ICAM-1,
and VCAM-1 (p<0.05).

Conclusion In our study, age and serum level of PTX-3 were found to be the
predictors of CIMT in patients with PsA without CV comorbidity. This outcome
highlights the importance of monitoring CIMT and serum level of PTX-3 as CV risk
factors in PsA patients.
Qualitative Analysis of Team Communication with a Clinical Texting System at a Midwestern Academic Hospital
Authors: Lee Joy L. , Kara Areeba , Huffman Monica , Matthias Marianne S. , Radecki Bethany , Savoy April , Schaffer Jason T. , Weiner Michael
Published: October 2022

Background Hospitals are increasingly replacing pagers with clinical texting systems that allow users to use smartphones to send messages while maintaining compliance for privacy and security. As more institutions adopt such systems, the need to understand the impact of such transitions on team communication becomes ever more significant.

Methods We conducted focus groups with hospitalists and individual interviews with nurses at one academic medical center in the Midwest. All interviews and focus groups were audiorecorded, transcribed, and deidentified for analysis. All transcripts and notes were independently read by two members of the research team and coded for themes.

Results Twenty-one hospitalists and eight nurses participated in the study. Although study participants spoke favorably of texting, they identified more dissatisfactions with texting than benefits. There were disagreements regarding appropriate texting practices both within and between the hospitalists and nurses.

Conclusion Despite the benefits of texting, there is room for improving team communication and understanding in the realm of clinical texting. A lack of shared understanding regarding when and how to use texting may require long-term solutions that address teamwork and appropriateness.
Comparative Analysis of Condylar Guidance Angle Obtained by Protrusive Interocclusal Records and Radiographic Methods in Edentulous Patients: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Verma Shagufta , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay
Published: October 2022

Purpose To compare between values of condylar inclination obtained by protrusive interocclusal records using extraoral Gothic arch tracing with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan, and cephalometric and panoramic radiographs in edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods Horizontal condylar guidance angle (HCGA) was measured using the extraoral Gothic arch tracing, CBCT, lateral cephalogram, and orthopantomogram (OPG) in 20 patients aged between 40 and 75 years. HCGAs were determined clinically using protrusive interocclusal records and semi-adjustable articulator after extraoral Gothic arch tracing. Radiographically, Frankfort horizontal plane was marked and a straight line joining the superior-most point and the inferior-most point of posterior slope of the articular eminence (AE) was drawn till the two lines met at an intersection. The angle at this intersection depicted the AE inclination and the angle was measured. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance test, multiple comparison was done using Tukey test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was compiled for different study parameters.

Result A significant difference in condylar guidance was observed among different methods (p-value < 0.05), and significant positive correlations were observed among condylar guidance measured using distinct parameters.

Conclusion It was concluded that horizontal condylar guidance (HCG) values with the radiographic technique were higher than the clinical method. It was observed that mean HCG values were higher by 6.4 degrees in CBCT, 6.7 degrees in OPG, and 9.9 degrees in lateral cephalogram as compared with the clinical value. It was also observed that there was a variation of condylar guidance up to 5 degrees between right and left sides.
Real-World Studies of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations among Moderate/Late Preterm Infants Exposed to Passive Immunoprophylaxis with Palivizumab
Authors: Manzoni Paolo , Baraldi Eugenio , Luna Manuel Sánchez , Tzialla Chryssoula
Published: October 2022

This article aims to assess the real-world effectiveness of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalization (RSVH) rates in otherwise healthy moderate/late preterm infants and discuss the role of palivizumab in preventing acute and long-term outcomes. We identified studies in the PubMed and Embase databases that reported patient-level data on (1) exposure to palivizumab in preterm infants born between 29 and 35 weeks of gestational age (or subsets within this range) ≤ 2 years of chronological age, and (2) the outcome of RSVH. Six studies assessed RSVH in infants this gestational age who had been exposed or not to palivizumab and reported patient-level data. Exposure was associated with a reduction in RSVH rates that was comparable to the reduction seen in controlled clinical trials (weighed mean 4.0-fold reduction). RSV immunoprophylaxis in preterm infants within 29 to 35 weeks of gestational age is associated with a considerably lower burden of RSVH.

Key Points
Clinical Effects of Bushen Culuan Prescription on Infertility Due to Decreased Ovarian Reserve of Kidney Deficiency and Liver Depression Pattern
Authors: Feng Yanqi , Ma Sujuan
Published: October 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the clinical effects of Bushen Culuan prescription on infertility due to decreased ovarian reserve of kidney deficiency and liver depression pattern.

Methods Totally 100 infertile patients with ovarian hypofunction treated from October 2019 to January 2022 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group by a random number table. The control group was treated with estrogen sequential therapy, and the observation group was treated with Bushen Culuan prescription. The clinical efficacy, sex hormone levels including (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH], and estradiol [E2]), ovarian function, ovarian blood flow status (peak systolic velocity [PSV], antral follicle count [AFC], arterial pulse index [PI], and resistance index [RI]), and pregnancy outcome in the two groups were compared and analyzed.

Results The total effective rate of the observation group (96.00%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (80.00%). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in sex hormone levels (FSH, LH, E2, and FSH/LH), ovarian function (number of primary follicles, number of dominant follicles, ovulation number, and endometrial thickness), and ovarian blood flow (PSV, RI, PI, and AFC) between the two groups (p > 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum hormones FSH, LH, E2, and FSH/LH decreased significantly in both groups. The number of primary follicles, dominant follicles, and ovulation increased significantly, and the thickness of endometrium decreased significantly; the indexes of PSV, RI, and AFC of ovarian blood flow increased significantly, and the PI index decreased significantly. The levels of each index in the observation group were better than those in the control group (p < 0.05). In the control group, 32 cases were pregnant within 1 year after treatment, and the pregnancy rate was 64.00%; 21 cases in the observation group were pregnant within 1 year after treatment, and the pregnancy rate was 42.00%; the pregnancy rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.014, p = 0.045 < 0.05).

Conclusion Bushen Culuan prescription has a definite effect on infertility due to ovarian hypofunction. The action mechanism may involve multicomponent and multitarget stimulation to improve patients' ovarian function, regulate the level of sex hormones, and improve the pregnancy outcome.
On the analytical approximations to the nonplanar damped Kawahara equation: Cnoidal and solitary waves and their energy
Authors: El-Tantawy S. A. , El-Sherif L. S. , Bakry A. M. , Alhejaili Weaam , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid
Published: October 2022

In this work, the non-integrable nonplanar (cylindrical and spherical) damped Kawahara equation (ndKE) is solved and analyzed analytically. The ansatz method is implemented for analyzing the ndKE in order to derive some high-accurate and more stable analytical approximations. Based on this method, two-different and general formulas for the analytical approximations are derived. The obtained solutions are applied for studying the distinctive features for both cylindrical and spherical dissipative dressed solitons and cnoidal waves in a complex plasma having superthermal ions. Moreover, the accuracy of the obtained approximations is numerically examined by estimating the global maximum residual error. Also, a general formula for the nonplanar dissipative dressed solitons energy is derived in detail. This formula can recover the energy of the nonplanar dissipative dressed solitons, the planar dressed solitons, the planar damped dressed solitons, and the nonplanar dressed solitons. Both the suggested method and obtained approximations can help a large sector of authors interested in studying the nonlinear and complicated phenomena in various fields of science such as the propagating of nonlinear phenomena in physics of plasmas, nonlinear optics, communications, oceans, and seas.
A novel pattern in nonlinear interfacial stability for a magnetic fluid column subject to an axial rotation
Authors: El-Dib Yusry O. , El-Sherif L. S.
Published: October 2022

Nonlinear differential equations that control the propagation of a surface wave through the surface disconnection between two fluids are described by the Helmholtz–Duffing oscillator having imaginary damping forces. This oscillator is solved without using any perturbation techniques. This study is relevant in many fields such as nanotechnology. Along with the nonlinear analysis, the periodic solution and the stability criteria are established. Numerical calculations for stability conditions showed vital changes in the stability behavior due to the presence of the rotation ratio.
A simplified approach for producing Tier 2 enteric-methane emission factors based on East African smallholder farm data
Authors: Ndung’u P. W. , du Toit C. J. L. , Takahashi T. , Robertson-Dean M. , Butterbach-Bahl K. , Merbold L. , Goopy J. P.
Published: October 2022

Context Accurate reporting of livestock greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions is important in developing effective mitigation strategies, but the cost and labour requirements associated with on-farm data collection often prevent this effort in low- and middle-income countries. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the precision and accuracy of simplified activity data collection protocols in African smallholder livestock farms for country-specific enteric-methane emission factors. Method Activity data such as live weight (LW), feed quality, milk yield, and milk composition were collected from 257 smallholder farms, with a total herd of 1035 heads of cattle in Nandi and Bomet counties in western Kenya. The data collection protocol was then altered by substituting the actual LW measurements with algorithm LW (ALG), feed quality (FQ) data being sourced from the Feedipedia database, reducing the need for daily milk yield records to a single seasonal milk measurement (MiY), and by using a default energy content of milk (MiE). Daily methane production (DMP) was calculated using these simplified protocols and the estimates under individual and combined protocols were compared with values derived from the published (PUBL) estimation protocol. Key results Employing the algorithm LW showed good agreement in DMP, with only a small negative bias (7%) and almost no change in variance. Calculating DMP on the basis of Feedipedia FQ, by contrast, resulted in a 27% increase in variation and a 27% positive bias for DMP compared with PUBL. The substitutions of milk (MiY and MiE) showed a modest change in variance and almost no bias in DMP. Conclusion It is feasible to use a simplified data collection protocol by using algorithm LW, default energy content of milk value, seasonal single milk yield data, but full sampling and analysis of feed resources is required to produce reliable Tier 2 enteric-methane emission factors. Implications Reducing enteric methane emissions from the livestock is a promising pathway to reduce the effects of climate change, and, hence, the need to produce accurate emission estimates as a benchmark to measure the effectiveness of mitigation options. However, it is expensive to produce accurate emission estimates, especially in developing countries; hence, it is important and feasible to simplify on-farm data collection.
Changes in referral patterns for weight in association with the preschool Raising Healthy Kids target
Authors: Cave Tami L. , Derraik José G. B. , Willing Esther J. , Maessen Sarah E. , Hofman Paul L. , Anderson Yvonne C.
Published: October 2022

Introduction The ‘Raising Healthy Kids (RHK) health target’ recommended that children identified as having obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥98th centile] through growth screening at the B4 School Check (B4SC) be offered referral for subsequent assessment and intervention. Aim To determine the impact of the ‘RHK health target’ on referral rates for obesity in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Methods A retrospective audit was undertaken of 4-year-olds identified to have obesity in the B4SC programme in Taranaki and nationally in 2015–19. Key outcomes were: ‘RHK health target’ rate [proportion of children with obesity for whom District Health Boards (DHBs) applied the appropriate referral process]; Acknowledged referral rate (proportion of children with a referral for obesity whose referral was acknowledged by DHBs); and Declined referral rate (proportion of children offered a referral for obesity who declined their referral). Results Data were audited on 266 448 children, including 7464 in Taranaki. ‘RHK health target’ rates increased markedly between 2015–16 and 2016–17 following the health target implementation (NZ: 34–87%; P < 0.0001, Taranaki: 21–68%; P < 0.0001). Acknowledged referral rates also increased post-target nationally (56–90%; P < 0.0001), and remained high in Taranaki over the 4-year period (ranging from 89 to 99%). However, there were notably high Declined referral rates across NZ (26–31%) and in Taranaki (although variable: 38–69%). Discussions The ‘RHK health target’s’ focus on referral rather than intervention uptake limited the policy’s impact on improving preschool obesity. Future policy should focus on ensuring access to multidisciplinary intervention programmes across NZ to support healthy lifestyle change.
Negotiating the language of gender and sexuality
Authors: Rowlett Benedict J. L. , Chhim Putsalun
Published: October 2022

This case study focuses on the educational materials created by an NGO drop-in centre for the queer/questioning community in a Cambodian city. These materials consist of bilingual posters (English and Khmer) on display at the centre which provide explanations to those who make use of this space about diverse gender/sexual identities (LGBTQ+), as well as online resources featured on the NGO’s website/social media that raise awareness of these issues at both local and global levels. The study seeks to gain critical insight into the use of certain linguistic resources for sexuality education at this site of instruction. To do so, we present a multimodal discourse analysis of a sample of the materials, together with an analysis of metapragmatic reflections drawn from interviews conducted with the centre’s director. We therefore attend to how multilingual linguistic resources, and other semiotic forms, are being used to foster and shape knowledges about gender and sexualities at this site of community engagement, and how a metapragmatic negotiation of these knowledges in the interview reveals identity work that impacts these linguistic choices and their potential effects.
Thermal, Metallurgical and Mechanical Determinants of Laminar Nickel/Aluminum Dissimilar Alloys during Laser-material Interaction Part I: Nickel-based Superalloy
Authors: Gao Zhiguo
Published: October 2022

To develop in-depth understanding of metallurgical phenomena for completeness, mechanical heterogeneity is kinetically and thermodynamically explained by thorough microstructure characterization of engineering materials, e.g. polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy, for alleviation of weldability-related problems during laser-induced keyhole fabrication. Because of nonequilibrium solidification behavior inside weld pool, finer γ phase dendrite substructure is confined to partition-resistant keyhole bottom part, coarser dendrite is crystallography-independently circumscribed at partition-vulnerable neck transition region of full penetration weld, and thus microstructure is lack of homogeneity. Abundance of segregation-driven eutectic phase or intermetallic phase in the interdendrite area throughout weld is essentially attributable to nonequilibrium solidification conditions, and morphologically increases susceptibility to mechanical properties deterioration. As a result of γ phase instability, Niobium-aided Laves/γ eutectic reaction in the vicinity of dendrite interstices at terminal stage of solidification contributes to severe dendrite boundaries brittleness, impairs mechanical properties, which is consistent with metallography and fractography results, and is more deleterious to weldability, since solute redistribution and supersaturation adversely exacerbate segregation behavior in the residual interdendrite liquid, especially asymmetric weld pool shape. There is inverse parabolic relationship between secondary dendrite arm spacing and solute partition coefficient, when location varies from nail-shaped weld upper site to bottom site. Chemical, microstructural and mechanical heterogeneities are more geometrically favorable in the curvature-related neck transition region. In addition, the mechanism of thermal, metallurgical and mechanical inhomogeneities, which are attributed to asymmetric weld pool shape, is consequently proposed. Untoward metallurgical phenomena, such as microstructure heterogeneity and brittle Niobium-rich Laves/γ eutectic phases mitigate strength, ductility and toughness of weld. In order to macroscopically and microscopically satisfy superior mechanical properties requirement, chemistry and microstructure of high quality weld are metallurgically controlled. Fruitful metallurgical information and mechanical data further support the reasonable explanations. It is imperative to progressively advance welding metallurgy, weldability and fabricability of intricate shape for welding defects minimization, suppress segregation and further develop mechanical properties through viable design and control of laser processing, simultaneously.
Data and statistical evaluation of the protection effect of essential oil extracts on plain carbon steel in dilute acid media
Authors: Loto R T , Nnaji S
Published: October 2022

Optimal performance of corrosion inhibiting compounds significantly depends on specific range of inhibitor concentration and measurement time. Data on the protection effect of laurus cassia and rosmarinus angustifolius essential oil extracts on plain carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 and HCl electrolyte was researched into by weight loss analysis. The data showed the admixed extracts were highly potent at the concentrations studied with protection effect typically above 95%. The protection effect increased progressively with measurement time at 1% to 2% extracts concentration beyond which (2.5% to 3% concentration) the results were generally constant. The extracts exhibited inhibition performance independent of concentration. Data on standard deviation showed the degree of deviation of protection effect with measurement time and concentration is minimal. The fraction of protection effect data above 90% protection in H2SO4 is 98% and 100% in HCl solution at limit of errors of 3.24% and 0%. Statistical data by analysis of variance shows both inhibitor concentration and measurement time remarkedly altered the protection effect of the extracts with statistical relevance values of 47.17% and 53.02 for concentration and 26.51% and 29.52% in H2SO4 and HCl solution.
Research progress of laser polishing of engineering ceramic
Authors: Wang C , Zhao Z Y , Zhou H M , Zeng J Y , Yin J
Published: October 2022

The surface laser polishing of engineering ceramic materials is a high-precision surface polishing technology, which overcomes the difficulty of high-precision processing due to the high hardness and high brittleness of engineering ceramic materials. This article summarizes in detail the research progress of laser polishing on the surface of engineering ceramic materials in recent years, and introduces the development status of laser polishing on the surface of engineering ceramic materials from the aspects of polishing mechanism, experiment and numerical simulation progress.
An Application of Benchmarking Tool for Measuring the Performance of Urban Park
Authors: Mohd Hashim Nor Hanisah , Mohd Nasir Nurul Akmaniza , Isri Rabiatun Adawiyah
Published: October 2022

This study is conducted to evaluate the level of performance of recreational activities in selected urban parks. The objective of the study is to measure the comparative standard and performance of selected urban parks and the measure user’s perceptions and expectations of the quality of the products and services received by using Visitor Services Quality gap (VSQ gap) and Spider Web analysis. The case studies include two different urban parks in the vicinity of Klang Valley area, which are KLCC Park in Kuala Lumpur and Setia Alam Park in Setia Alam. Several criteria of standard, performance, the quality of the products and services that could contribute to the better performance of urban park have been identified.
Recycling cement bypass dust and granulated blast furnace slag into hydraulic road binder
Authors: Stevulova N , Junak J , Strigac J , Junakova N
Published: October 2022

This paper is aimed at the possibility of recycling the cement bypass dust (BPD) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) into a normal hardening hydraulic road binder in accordance with standard EN 13282-2. 10 wt.% addition of BPD as potentially hazardous waste formed during the clinker production by burning alternative fuels was used into cement mixtures. Binder mixtures’ composition was designed according to the recommended sheet of Slovak commercial product (DoroCem). The main constituents of the experimental hydraulic road binder mixture were Portland cement clinker, ground limestone and GGBS. Effect of additional component of BPD on behaviour of fresh mixtures and properties of mortar specimens after 56 days of hardening was studied. The results prove that only one of the tested mixtures (BM2) with the lowest SO3 content and clinker but with the highest amounts of GGBS, ground limestone and alkalis (Na2O + K2O) met the standard requirement for initial setting time for tested fresh mixtures. The higher values of compressive strength found for all hardened specimens are most likely related to the formation of the hydrated and geopolymer products in the binder system. Based on these conclusions, BM2 could be used as hydraulic road binder.
Effects of Hydro Power Plant Releases on Navigation Conditions in the Lower Lock Approach
Authors: Fošumpaur P
Published: October 2022

Waterways are usually designed as multipurpose structures and perform a number of functions in addition to transport. A very common use is the generation of electricity in hydropower plants, water withdrawal for users and flood protection. On canalized rivers, increased attention must be paid to the design of the layout of the individual structures within the barrage. This paper deals with the optimization of barrage layout with respect to the interaction of navigation and hydropower use of the waterway. The navigation conditions below a power plant can be significantly affected by peak operation or by sudden load rejection. These phenomena can generate a negative surge wave with very adverse effects on navigation. In addition, special attention should be paid to the current conditions in the lower lock approach area and the guard wall that separates the lock approach from the weir and the power plant should be optimised. Appropriate design of operational and structural measures can significantly increase the traffic capacity of a waterway. The research was conducted as part of project no. DG18P02OVV004 within a support programme for applied research and experimental development of national and cultural identity, funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic.
The possibilities of using digital twin technology in the life cycle of buildings
Authors: Struková Z , Kozlovská M , Tažiková A , Čabala J
Published: October 2022

The article deals with Digital twin (DT) technology, as one of the latest technologies, which, unlike construction, is already widely used in other industries. The theoretical knowledge basis of this technology in construction industry lies in understanding the characteristics of the digital twin and in using knowledge about it from other areas of application. Based on acquired theoretical knowledge and an example from construction practice, the aim of the article is to demonstrate the development process of a digital twin and to indicate the benefits of using Asset Information Model (AIM) as an essential source of information for development of DT during the phases of the life cycle of buildings. The case study analyses the process of development of a digital twin of the heating system in family house, from the initial design of a heating project, through use of 3D scanning to create a virtual model and the integration of various tools of Internet of Things technology to the creation of its virtual model. Reflexion on the benefits of AIM in various phases of the life cycle of buildings, induced from the study of theoretical knowledge and based on the case study, is an essential part of the article.
ELF Density: Extending English as a Lingua Franca Research to Monological ELF Texts and Speeches
Authors: Albl-Mikasa Michaela , Gieshoff Anne Catherine
Published: October 2022

The focus to date on interactive encounters has resulted in there being little research into monological texts and speeches produced in English as a lingua franca (ELF) contexts. They are, however, the very substance of what interpreters and translators increasingly deal with today. The quality of these language professionals’ performance depends to a large extent on the input they receive. From a translation and interpreting studies (TIS) perspective, understanding what makes an ELF text or speech special and different seems paramount. In this paper, we present an innovative approach to exploring what is in an ELF text. We introduce the concepts of ‘ELF density’ and ‘ELF dense spots’ to capture and visualize types and tokens of ELF features as well as clusters they form at a local and more global level across stretches of text or speech and discuss a number of methodological challenges in determining ELF density. Based on a preliminary retrospective verbal protocol and interview analysis following 26 professional interpreters’ renditions, we aim to demonstrate the concepts’ added value for TIS, but also for non-TIS related applied linguistic tasks geared towards ELF.