bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host Transcriptional Response to Ebola Virus Infection
Authors: Speranza Emily , Connor John
Published: September 2017

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a serious illness that causes severe disease in humans and non-human primates (NHPs) and has mortality rates up to 90%. EVD is caused by the Ebolavirus and currently there are no licensed therapeutics or vaccines to treat EVD. Due to its high mortality rates and potential as a bioterrorist weapon, a better understanding of the disease is of high priority. Multiparametric analysis techniques allow for a more complete understanding of a disease and the host response. Analysis of RNA species present in a sample can lead to a greater understanding of activation or suppression of different states of the immune response. Transcriptomic analyses such as microarrays and RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) have been important tools to better understand the global gene expression response to EVD. In this review, we outline the current knowledge gained by transcriptomic analysis of EVD.
Threshold of Slope Instability Induced by Rainfall and Lateral Flow
Authors: Chen Hung-En , Tsai Tung-Lin , Yang Jinn-Chuang
Published: September 2017

In this study, a two-dimensional numerical landslide model was developed to investigate the effects of the amount of rainfall and lateral flow on induced slope failures. The Richard’s equation was used to evaluate pore water pressure distribution in response to moisture content variations induced by rainfall and infiltration in soil mass. The slope stability was then assessed using the limit equilibrium method of slices, and the moment equilibrium was considered. Several hypothetical cases involving various rainfall amounts and durations were simulated using the proposed model to investigate the possible tendency toward slope instability caused by rainfall time-series processes. After the rainfall conditions were analyzed, rainfall patterns were categorized as uniform, intermediate, advanced, and delayed types. Furthermore, the lateral flows running through the upstream and downstream boundaries of a slope were analyzed to investigate the lateral effects on the hillslope. The results indicated that the lateral flow may increase or reduce the groundwater table and, thus, accelerate or reduce the occurrence of slope failure. In addition, several rainfall threshold curves that accounted for the rainfall amounts, durations, and patterns were developed and appeared more realistic and to approximate real conditions more accurately than those created using one-dimensional landslide modeling do.
Spatial Distribution, Adsorption/Release Characteristics, and Environment Influence of Phosphorus on Sediment in Reservoir
Authors: Wang Tianxiang , Liu Jianwei , Xu Shiguo , Qin Guoshuai , Sun Ya , Wang Fuqiang
Published: September 2017

Sediment gradually accumulates at the bottom of reservoirs after decades of running. To explore the influences of sediments on the water quality of reservoirs, the spatial distribution, adsorption/release characteristics, and environment influence of sediment pollutants should be analyzed. In this paper, the spatial distributions of phosphorus (P) and P fractions in the Biliuhe reservoir (river valley reservoirs) sediments were investigated. The adsorption and release characteristics of sediments P were studied in the experiment, while its environmental influence was analyzed too. The results indicate that the concentration of P in sediments was higher at the dam and the Zhongling site, while lower at other entrances of the reservoir and the smallest in the water-level fluctuating zone. Total Phosphorus (TP) varied from 355.46 to 764.57 mg/kg. Inorganic Phosphorus (IP) was the main form of TP in sediments, making up a proportion of 56–75%, while the correlation coefficient of P bound to Al, Fe, and Mn oxides was 0.922. Hydroxide (Fe/Al-P) was the main form of IP, which accounted for 46–83% with a correlation coefficient of 0.888. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir model was between 714.29 and 3333.33 mg/kg. The adsorption efficiency obtained by the Freundlich model was within the range of 0.40–1.42, which indicated that P adsorption was more difficult in the water-level fluctuating zone. The critical adsorption and release concentration range was 0.1–0.2 mg/L for the majority of the sampling points. The amount of P released in 24 h (the initial concentration of TP in the overlying water was 0 mg/L) accounted for 1.15–4.16% of TP in sediments, which was higher than the average concentration in the reservoir. It is concluded that the sediment is the potential pollution source. The relationship between the change of environmental factors and the release of sediment contaminants should be considered in the future.
Peritoneal Dialysis for the Treatment of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1: A Prospective Brazilian Study
Authors: Ponce Daniela , Góes Cassiana , Oliveira Mariele , Balbi Andre
Published: September 2017

This study aimed to explore the role of high-volume peritoneal dialysis (HVPD) in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 1 patients in relation to metabolic and fluid control and outcome. Sixty-four patients were treated by HVPD (prescribed Kt/V = 0.50/session), flexible catheter and cycler. Mean age was 68.8 ± 15.4 years, 54.7% needed intravenous inotropic agents and/or intravenous vasodilators, 31.2% were on mechanical ventilation, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the main cause of acute disease heart failure (ADHF) 48.3%, median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 38% and the main dialysis indications were uremia and hypervolemia. Blood ureic nitrogen and creatinine levels stabilized after 4 sessions at around 50 and 4 mg/dL, respectively. Negative fluid balance (FB) and ultrafiltration (UF) increased progressively and stabilized around 2.6 L and -2.5 L/day, respectively. Weekly- delivered Kt/V was 3.0 ± 0.42, and 32.8% died. There was a significant difference between the survivors (S) and non-survivors (NS) in age (71.4 ± 15.7 vs 63.6 ± 17.6, p < 0.001), main diagnosis of ADHF (ACS: 76.2 vs 34.8%, p = 0.04), mechanical ventilation (52.4 vs 20.1%, p = 0.03), fluid overload (FO) at predialysis moment (52.4 vs 25.6%, p = 0.04), and FB and UF from the 2nd to 5th dialysis session. In conclusion, HVPD treatment was effective in CRS type 1 patients, allowing adequate metabolic and fluid control. Age, ACS, FO and positive FB after 2 HVPD sessions were higher in NS patients.
Adoption of Telehealth: Remote Biometric Monitoring among Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in the United States
Authors: Lew Susie Q. , Sikka Neal , Thompson Clinton , Cherian Teena , Magnus Manya
Published: September 2017

We examined participant uptake and utilization of remote monitoring devices, and the relationship between remote biometric monitoring (RBM) of weight (Wt) and blood pressure (BP) with self-monitoring requirements. Participants on peritoneal dialysis (PD) (n = 269) participated in a Telehealth pilot study of which 253 used remote monitoring of BP and 255 for Wt. Blood pressure and Wt readings were transmitted in real time to a Telehealth call center, which were then forwarded to the PD nurses for real-time review. Uptake of RBM was substantial, with 89.7% accepting RBM, generating 74,266 BP and 52,880 Wt measurements over the study period. We found no significant correlates of RBM uptake with regard to gender, marital, educational, socio-economic or employment status, or baseline experience with computers; frequency of use of BP RBM by Black participants was less than non-Black participants, as was Wt RBM, and participants over 55 years old were more likely to use the Wt RBM than their younger counterparts. Having any review of the breach by a nurse was associated with reduced odds of a subsequent BP breach after adjusting for sex, age, and race. Remote biometric monitoring was associated with adherence to self-monitoring BP and Wt requirements associated with PD. Remote biometric monitoring was feasible, allowing for increased communication between patient and PD clinical staff with real-time patient data for providers to act on to potentially improve adherence and outcomes.
Solvent-free and room temperature synthesis of 3-arylquinolines from different anilines and styrene oxide in the presence of Al2O3/MeSO3H
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Aberi Mahdi , Khataminejad Mohsen , Shiri Pezhman
Published: September 2017

A highly efficient, simple and environmentally friendly synthesis of 3-arylquinolines has been developed in the presence of Al2O3/MeSO3H via one-pot reaction of anilines and styrene oxide. This methodology provides very rapid access to 3-arylquinolines in good to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions at room temperature in air.
Quantifying Intrinsic Variability of Sagittarius A
Using Closure Phase Measurements of the Event Horizon Telescope
Authors: Roelofs Freek , Johnson Michael D. , Shiokawa Hotaka , Doeleman Sheperd S. , Falcke Heino
Published: September 2017

General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of accretion disks and jets associated with supermassive black holes show variability on a wide range of timescales. On timescales comparable to or longer than the gravitational timescale

, variation may be dominated by orbital dynamics of the inhomogeneous accretion flow. Turbulent evolution within the accretion disk is expected on timescales comparable to the orbital period, typically an order of magnitude larger than t

G
. For Sgr A*, t

G
is much shorter than the typical duration of a VLBI experiment, enabling us to study this variability within a single observation. Closure phases, the sum of interferometric visibility phases on a triangle of baselines, are particularly useful for studying this variability. In addition to a changing source structure, variations in observed closure phase can also be due to interstellar scattering, thermal noise, and the changing geometry of projected baselines over time due to Earth rotation. We present a metric that is able to distinguish the latter two from intrinsic or scattering variability. This metric is validated using synthetic observations of GRMHD simulations of Sgr A*. When applied to existing multi-epoch EHT data of Sgr A*, this metric shows that the data are most consistent with source models containing intrinsic variability from source dynamics, interstellar scattering, or a combination of those. The effects of black hole inclination, orientation, spin, and morphology (disk or jet) on the expected closure phase variability are also discussed.
The Effect of Atmospheric Cooling on Vertical Velocity Dispersion and Density Distribution of Brown Dwarfs∗
Authors: Ryan Russell E. , Thorman Paul A. , Schmidt Sarah J. , Cohen Seth H. , Hathi Nimish P. , Holwerda Benne W. , Lunine Jonathan I. , Pirzkal Nor , Windhorst Rogier A. , Young Erick
Published: September 2017

We present a Monte Carlo simulation designed to predict the vertical velocity dispersion of brown dwarfs in the Milky Way. We show that since these stars are constantly cooling, the velocity dispersion has a noticeable trend with the spectral type. With realistic assumptions for the initial mass function, star formation history, and the cooling models, we show that the velocity dispersion is roughly consistent with what is observed for M dwarfs, decreases to cooler spectral types, and increases again for the coolest types in our study (∼T9). We predict a minimum in the velocity dispersions for L/T transition objects, however, the detailed properties of the minimum predominately depend on the star formation history. Since this trend is due to brown dwarf cooling, we expect that the velocity dispersion as a function of spectral type should deviate from the constancy around the hydrogen-burning limit. We convert from velocity dispersion to vertical scale height using standard disk models and present similar trends in disk thickness as a function of spectral type. We suggest that future, wide-field photometric and/or spectroscopic missions may collect sizable samples of distant (

kpc) dwarfs that span the hydrogen-burning limit. As such, we speculate that such observations may provide a unique way of constraining the average spectral type of hydrogen burning.
Long Carbon Chains in the Warm Carbon-chain-chemistry Source L1527: First Detection of C7H in Molecular Clouds
Authors: Araki Mitsunori , Takano Shuro , Sakai Nami , Yamamoto Satoshi , Oyama Takahiro , Kuze Nobuhiko , Tsukiyama Koichi
Published: September 2017

Long carbon-chain molecules were searched for toward the low-mass star-forming region L1527, which is a prototypical source of warm carbon-chain chemistry (WCCC), using the 100 m Green Bank Telescope. Long carbon-chain molecules, C7H (2Π1/2), C6H (2Π3/2 and 2Π1/2), CH3C4H, and C6H2 (cumulene carbene, CCCCCCH2), and cyclic species of C3H and C3H2O were detected. In particular, C7H was detected for the first time in molecular clouds. The column density of C7H is determined to be 6 × 1010 cm−2. The column densities of the carbon-chain molecules including CH3C4H and C6H in L1527 relative to those in the starless dark cloud Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 Cyanopolyyne Peak (TMC-1 CP) tend to be systematically lower for long carbon-chain lengths. However, the column densities of C7H and C6H2 do not follow this trend and are found to be relatively abundant in L1527. This result implies that these long carbon-chain molecules are remnants of the cold starless phase. The results—that both the remnants and WCCC products are observed toward L1527—are consistent with the suggestion that the protostar can also be born in the parent core at a relatively early stage in the chemical evolution.
Can the Discrepancy between Locally and Globally Derived Neutral Hydrogen Mass Functions be Explained by a Varying Value of M ⋆?
Authors: Minchin Robert F.
Published: September 2017

I investigate whether it is possible to reconcile the recent Arecibo Legacy Fast Arecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFALFA) observation that the neutral hydrogen mass function (HIMF) across different galactic densities has the same, non-flat, faint-end slope, with observations of isolated galaxies and many galaxy groups that show their HIMFs to have flat faint-end slopes. I find that a fairly simple model in which the position of the knee in the mass function of each individual group is allowed to vary is able to account for both of these observations. If this model reflects reality, the ALFALFA results point to an interesting “conspiracy” whereby the differing group HIMFs always sum up to form global HIMFs with the same faint-end slope in different environments. More generally, this result implies that global environmental HIMFs do not necessarily reflect the HIMFs in individual groups belonging to that environment and cannot be used to directly measure variations in group-specific HIMFs with environment.
Convergence of the Critical Cooling Rate for Protoplanetary Disk Fragmentation Achieved: The Key Role of Numerical Dissipation of Angular Momentum
Authors: Deng Hongping , Mayer Lucio , Meru Farzana
Published: September 2017

We carry out simulations of gravitationally unstable disks using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and the novel Lagrangian meshless finite mass (MFM) scheme in the GIZMO code. Our aim is to understand the cause of the nonconvergence of the cooling boundary for fragmentation reported in the literature. We run SPH simulations with two different artificial viscosity implementations and compare them with MFM, which does not employ any artificial viscosity. With MFM we demonstrate convergence of the critical cooling timescale for fragmentation at

. Nonconvergence persists in SPH codes. We show how the nonconvergence problem is caused by artificial fragmentation triggered by excessive dissipation of angular momentum in domains with large velocity derivatives. With increased resolution, such domains become more prominent. Vorticity lags behind density, due to numerical viscous dissipation in these regions, promoting collapse with longer cooling times. Such effect is shown to be dominant over the competing tendency of artificial viscosity to diminish with increasing resolution. When the initial conditions are first relaxed for several orbits, the flow is more regular, with lower shear and vorticity in nonaxisymmetric regions, aiding convergence. Yet MFM is the only method that converges exactly. Our findings are of general interest, as numerical dissipation via artificial viscosity or advection errors can also occur in grid-based codes. Indeed, for the FARGO code values of

significantly higher than our converged estimate have been reported in the literature. Finally, we discuss implications for giant planet formation via disk instability.
The Evaporation Valley in the Kepler Planets
Authors: Owen James E. , Wu Yanqin
Published: September 2017

A new piece of evidence supporting the photoevaporation-driven evolution model for low-mass, close-in exoplanets was recently presented by the California–Kepler Survey. The radius distribution of the Kepler planets is shown to be bimodal, with a “valley” separating two peaks at 1.3 and 2.6 R
⊕. Such an “evaporation valley” had been predicted by numerical models previously. Here, we develop a minimal model to demonstrate that this valley results from the following fact: the timescale for envelope erosion is the longest for those planets with hydrogen/helium-rich envelopes that, while only a few percent in weight, double its radius. The timescale falls for envelopes lighter than this because the planet’s radius remains largely constant for tenuous envelopes. The timescale also drops for heavier envelopes because the planet swells up faster than the addition of envelope mass. Photoevaporation therefore herds planets into either bare cores (∼1.3 R
⊕), or those with double the core’s radius (∼2.6 R
⊕). This process mostly occurs during the first 100 Myr when the stars’ high-energy fluxes are high and nearly constant. The observed radius distribution further requires the Kepler planets to be clustered around 3 M
⊕ in mass, born with H/He envelopes more than a few percent in mass, and that their cores are similar to the Earth in composition. Such envelopes must have been accreted before the dispersal of the gas disks, while the core composition indicates formation inside the ice line. Lastly, the photoevaporation model fails to account for bare planets beyond ∼30–60 days; if these planets are abundant, they may point to a significant second channel for planet formation, resembling the solar system terrestrial planets.
Global Energetics of Solar Flares. VI. Refined Energetics of Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J.
Published: September 2017

In this study, we refine the coronal mass ejection (CME) model that was presented in an earlier study of the global energetics of solar flares and associated CMEs and apply it to all (860) GOES M- and X-class flare events observed during the first seven years (2010–2016) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission. The model refinements include (1) the CME geometry in terms of a 3D volume undergoing self-similar adiabatic expansion, (2) the solar gravitational deceleration during the propagation of the CME, which discriminates between eruptive and confined CMEs, (3) a self-consistent relationship between the CME center-of-mass motion detected during EUV dimming and the leading-edge motion observed in white-light coronagraphs, (4) the equipartition of the CME’s kinetic and thermal energies, and (5) the Rosner–Tucker–Vaiana scaling law. The refined CME model is entirely based on EUV-dimming observations (using Atmospheric Imager Assembly (AIA)/SDO data) and complements the traditional white-light scattering model (using Large-Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment (LASCO)/Solar and Heliospheric Observatory data), and both models are independently capable of determining fundamental CME parameters. Comparing the two methods, we find that (1) LASCO is less sensitive than AIA in detecting CMEs (in 24% of the cases), (2) CME masses below

g are underestimated by LASCO, (3) AIA and LASCO masses, speeds, and energies agree closely in the statistical mean after the elimination of outliers, and (4) the CME parameters speed v, emission measure-weighted flare peak temperature T

e
, and length scale L are consistent with the following scaling laws:

,

, and

.
Discovery of Two New Hypervelocity Stars from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Surveys
Authors: Huang Y. , Liu X.-W. , Zhang H.-W. , Chen B.-Q. , Xiang M.-S. , Wang C. , Yuan H.-B. , Tian Z.-J. , Li Y.-B. , Wang B.
Published: September 2017

We report the discovery of two new unbound hypervelocity stars (HVSs) from the LAMOST spectroscopic surveys. They are, respectively, a B2V-type star of ∼7 M
⊙ with a Galactic rest-frame radial velocity of 502 km s−1 at a Galactocentric radius of ∼21 kpc and a B7V-type star of ∼4 M
⊙ with a Galactic rest-frame radial velocity of 408 km s−1 at a Galactocentric radius of ∼30 kpc. The origins of the two HVSs are not clear given their currently poorly measured proper motions. However, the future data releases of Gaia should provide proper motion measurements accurate enough to solve this problem. The ongoing LAMOST spectroscopic surveys are expected to yield more HVSs to form a statistical sample, providing vital constraints on understanding the nature of HVSs and their ejection mechanisms.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume and Cardiovascular Risk Indices among Asymptomatic Women with and without HIV
Authors: Srinivasa Suman , Lu Michael T , Fitch Kathleen V , Hallett Travis R , O'Malley Timothy K , Stone Lauren A , Martin Amanda , Coromilas Alexandra J , Burdo Tricia H , Triant Virginia A , Lo Janet , Looby Sara E , Neilan Tomas G , Zanni Markella V
Published: September 2017

Background

Mechanisms underlying the heightened myocardial infarction risk among HIV-infected women (versus non-HIV-infected women) remain unclear. Our objectives were to assess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and its associations among asymptomatic women with and without HIV.

Methods

A total of 55 HIV-infected and 27 non-HIV-infected women without known cardiovascular disease who underwent cardiac CT and metabolic/immune phenotyping were included. EAT volume derived from CT was compared among women with and without HIV, and within-group EAT associations were assessed. Next, immune and atherosclerotic plaque parameters were compared among groups stratified by HIV serostatus and high/low EAT (defined in reference to median EAT for each serostatus group).

Results

Asymptomatic HIV-infected women and age-matched non-HIV-infected women with comparable mean body mass index (28 ±1 versus 29 ±1 kg/m2) had similar median (IQR) volumes of EAT (54 [41–79] versus 65 [41–78] cm3; P>0.05); however, different within-group associations were noted. Markers of monocyte activation/arterial inflammation differed by HIV serostatus/EAT volume subgroup (CXCL10 [ P=0.02], sCD163 [ P=0.004], sCD14 [ P=0.03], Lp-PLA2 [ P=0.04]; P for overall ANOVA) and were highest among HIV-infected women with excess EAT (versus HIV-infected women without excess EAT, non-HIV-infected women with excess EAT and non-HIV-infected women without excess EAT). The percentage of segments with non-calcified coronary plaque also differed by HIV serostatus/EAT volume subgroup and was highest among HIV-infected women with excess EAT.

Conclusions

Asymptomatic women with and without HIV have similar volumes of EAT, but drivers of EAT may differ between groups. HIV-infected women with excess EAT have highest-level immune activation and the highest percentage of non-calcified plaque. Future studies are needed to determine whether EAT contributes pathogenetically to HIV-associated cardiovascular disease in women.
Functional and phylogenetic analysis of the core transcriptome of Ochromonadales
Authors: Graupner Nadine , Boenigk Jens , Bock Christina , Jensen Manfred , Marks Sabina , Rahmann Sven , Beisser Daniela
Published: September 2017

Background

Most protist lineages consist of members with diverging features e.g. different modes of nutrition and adaptations for life in different habitat types and climatic zones. The nutritional mode is particularly variable in chrysophytes and they are therefore an excellent model group to study the core genes and metabolic pathways of a functionally diverse lineage. The objective of our study is the identification of the joint genetic repertoire expressed in closely related chrysophytes as well as the extent of variation on species and strain level. Therefore, we investigated the transcriptomes of six strains belonging to four species of Ochromonadales. We performed analyses on metabolic pathway level as well as on sequence level.

Results

We could identify 1,574 core genes shared between all six investigated strains of Ochromonadales. Most of these core genes were affiliated with the primary metabolism. Phylogenetic analysis of 166 protein-coding core genes supported a close relation of Poteriospumella lacustris and Poterioochromonas malhamensis and resolved for more than 50% of investigated genes the relationship of strains affiliated with the species P. lacustris. Further, we found diverging phylogenetic patterns for genes interacting with the environment.

Conclusions

In Ochromonadales, a functionally diverse lineage, the core transcriptome represents only a minor part of the individual transcriptomes. But this small fraction of genes comprises the basal metabolism essential for life in several protist lineages. Phylogenetic analyses of these genes indicate a similar degree of conservation as observed for genes coding for ribosomal proteins.
What is the tourist landscape? Aspects and features of the concept
Authors: Skowronek Ewa , Tucki Andrzej , Huijbens Edward , Jóźwik Marta
Published: September 2017

This paper will present a systematic review of the main publications for landscape and tourism research in Scopus and polish language databases. These were used to identify papers on landscape and tourism published from January 2003 to September 2013. A total of 382 articles and 37 other sources were identified, but 116 analysed. The analysis, focusing on the explicated relation between landscape and tourism, shows that it is a new but growing concern for geographers, ecologists, and landscape architects contributing to the debate. The result is a veritable smorgasbord of definitions and approaches. The objective of this paper is to systematise the current knowledge on tourism and landscape, review the existing definitions of the term “tourist landscape”, and determine its aspects and components in the context of proper functioning of regions. The paper concludes with a tentative definition of a tourist landscape and proposals for further scholarly research and some policy advice.
Forms, areas, and spatial characteristics of intermunicipal cooperation in the Ljubljana Urban Region
Authors: Rus Petra , Nared Janez , Bojnec Štefan
Published: September 2017

This article studies the strength, forms, and areas of intermunicipal cooperation, and their advantages, disadvantages, and spatial characteristics based on the example of the Ljubljana urban region. Surveys, interviews, data analysis of joint administration and joint companies, and analysis of joint development projects show that cooperation in joint municipal administration is limited to parking authorities and the intermunicipal inspectorate, joint companies dealing with communal infrastructure and traffic, and joint projects mainly focusing on economic infrastructure, tourism, mobility, spatial and development planning, and applying for EU projects. The areas of former municipalities, the municipalities in Ljubljana Marsh Nature Park, and the municipalities that are part of the Development Partnership of the Center of Slovenia connect more often than other areas. The advantages of cooperation include better opportunities for EU funding, economizing, and joint representation of municipal interests, whereas disadvantages include problems with coordinating funding and a lengthy coordination period, which is additionally hindered by unsuitable legislation and a lack of financial incentives, human resources, time, and ideas.
Antiliberales en el escaño durante las Cortes de Cádiz (1810-1813)
Authors: Alarcón Alarcón María del Mar
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se examinan, principalmente a través de los Diarios de Sesiones, las posiciones políticas defendidas por algunos diputados antiliberales en las Cortes Generales y Extraordinarias (1810-1813). Las Cortes, que fueron el órgano de poder preponderante en el territorio español que escapaba al control de las autoridades bonapartistas, se configuraron como un espacio de debate y decisión, lo cual supuso una ruptura con las concepciones políticas existentes durante el Antiguo Régimen, entre ellas, la absolutista. Los sectores sociales antiliberales más conservadores y reaccionarios utilizaron diversos mecanismos y cauces (la propaganda, el ejército, el púlpito, los cargos municipales, la diplomacia, las elecciones a Cortes, etc.) para acabar con ese nuevo espacio. Pese a su incidencia sobre la formación y evolución de la sociedad y del Estado en la España contemporánea, la historiografía ha prestado poca atención a la génesis y bases sociales de la contrarrevolución antiliberal. No abundan los estudios acerca de los orígenes y organización de dicho fenómeno histórico, como tampoco de las ideas y actitudes de los diputados opuestos al constitucionalismo gaditano. Consideramos que estas lagunas en el conocimiento justifican la pertinencia del presente trabajo, en el que se intenta una primera aproximación al tema.
Absolutismo frente a liberalismo doceañista. El contraataque visual
Authors: Reyero Carlos
Published: September 2017

Este artículo pretende identificar algunos temas dominantes de los discursos absolutistas y esbozar cómo se trasladan a imágenes para persuadir contra el liberalismo y denigrarlo. Las principales fuentes de referencia son las descripciones del ornato público en los actos en honor del rey Fernando VII en 1814 y 1823. El absolutismo se reconoce a través de la asociación de imágenes y palabras, parecidos, metáforas, símbolos y coincidencias iconográficas. El imaginario visual para lograr el objetivo absolutista puso énfasis en la primacía del rey, la retórica del vasallaje, una patria fuerte, la singularidad de la religión y la exclusión del enemigo político. Para eliminar totalmente el riesgo constitucional, se presentó el pasado como un paraíso de paz y felicidad.
Tauromachies et temporalités : un système de transformations entre sport et art du spectacle
Authors: Saumade Frédéric
Published: September 2017

À partir d’une mise au point théorique sur les similitudes et différences formelles entre le « système des sports » et les spectacles tauromachiques, mêmement caractérisés par un processus de rationalisation du rapport au temps, l’auteur, suivant une méthodologie structuraliste et comparative fondée sur une ethnographie localisée entre l’Europe du sud-ouest et l’Amérique du nord, met en exergue la relativité culturelle des jeux d’arènes. Il montre que les principes de temporalité observés dans les différents types de spectacles, de la corrida espagnole au rodéo américain, avec ou sans mise à mort, se résolvent en un quadrant, soit une structure de corrélations et d’oppositions à quatre termes qui donne toute sa cohérence à un mode de performance paradoxal, oscillant constamment entre sport, cirque, tragédie, comédie et gestion du cycle de la vie et de la mort par la confrontation de l’humain et de ses animaux d’élevage.
Faire face au contretemps pour faire son temps
Authors: Guillaud Étienne
Published: September 2017

Les activités nautiques (voile, surf, kitesurf…) sont fréquemment construites par les municipalités des stations balnéaires comme des produits à destination des touristes. Elles sont de ce fait associées aux temps des vacances. Mais elles sont aussi un temps de travail pour ceux qui les encadrent. Les éducateurs sportifs en nautisme sont en fait contraints de travailler à contretemps, c’est-à-dire de s’inscrire dans des temporalités qui ne s’apparentent guère à celles caractéristiques des univers ordinaires de travail (vacances scolaires, jours fériés ou week-ends). Cela peut leur poser problème, notamment dans la conciliation entre travail et vie familiale. Les représentations ou perceptions du contretemps par ces éducateurs sportifs, ainsi que la manière dont ils vivent leurs situations de travailleurs dans ces temporalités, sont analysées dans cet article. Celui-ci tente d’identifier et de caractériser les ressources et stratégies utilisées pour faire face aux divers effets et conséquences du contretemps. Les résultats présentés s’appuient principalement sur des entretiens et des observations de diverses situations de travail réalisées dans le cadre d’une enquête sur le littoral de la région Pays-de-la-Loire.
Resident Physician and Medical Academic Faculty Burnout
Authors: Omoruyi Emma A. , Omidele Fehintola
Published: September 2017

Physician burnout finds its roots in both undergraduate and graduate medical education and has emerged as an important cause of academic faculty turnover. Recognition of the need for resiliency training has led to the development and implementation of wellness programmes throughout the country and world. This chapter examines the causes and potential solutions of combating resident physician and academic faculty burnout in medical education. The authors reviewed current literature on wellness programmes in medical education, including both traditional and curricular approaches and provide a template for creating a well-rounded wellness programme to promote resident physician and academic faculty wellness.
The Control of Continuing Education Based on the Digital Economy
Authors: Tolstykh Tatyana Olegovna , Vasin Sergey Mikhailovich , Gamidullaeva Leyla Ayvarovna , Nedelko Sergey , Eremina Ekaterina , Koshevoj Oleg , Mkrttchian Vardan
Published: September 2017

The chapter deals with the methodology of creating a unified information educational environment, providing the implementation of continuing education, the development and implementation of educational models, programs, environments, implemented with the use of digital technologies. The concept of “open educational system” was determined. The necessity of system analysis at the macro and micro levels with views of subsystems, which are its elements, was sufficiently justified. The notion of “system of continuous education” was determined. The related problems were analyzed and the solutions for the management of system of continuous education in the market economy and in terms of accession to the digital economy, were proposed. Were classified digital learning technologies in order to implement them in the open education systems. The paper shows that shaping of creative potential of future specialists can be performed through the introduction of digital technologies on the basis of educational technology and information and telecommunication technologies.
TEAMNET
Authors: Malčík Martin , Malach Josef , Kantor Cestmir
Published: September 2017

This chapter presents the TeamNet analytical tools and methodology that was created in the framework of the international EUREKA project. TeamNet presents a new approach to the evaluation of the project and working teams. New web-based information system and new methodology were developed. The system is capable of providing online analysis of the efficiency of a team and its members. Specific psychodiagnostic tools (such as the colour association method) were used for a powerful analysis of the interaction characteristics of the team to maximize the objectivity of results. Web portal for total support of the diagnostic is presented at www.hrteamnet.cz. The whole team diagnostic is realized online and the team and individual results are immediately available. The system can significantly help the project and personal managers to create high-efficiency project teams.
Gender, Translation, and Censorship
Authors: Zaragoza Gora
Published: September 2017

After the “cultural turn” in the 1980s, translation was redefined as a cultural transfer rather than a linguistic transposition. Key translation concepts were revised, including equivalence, correction, and fidelity. Feminist approaches to translation emerged, for example, the recovery of texts lost in patriarchy. Following the death of Franco and the transition to democracy, Spain initiated a cultural expansion. The advent of the Franco regime after the civil war (1936-1939) resulted in years of cultural involution and the abolition of rights for women attained during the Spanish Second Republic (1931-1939). Severe censoring prevented the publication of literature—both native and foreign (through translation)—that contradicted the principles of the dictatorship. This chapter will examine the link between gender, translation, and censorship, materialised in Radclyffe Hall's The Well of Loneliness (1928), the first English novel to tackle lesbianism and transgenderism, an example of translation in cultural evolution.
Prison Education in Nigeria
Authors: Adekanmbi Gbolagade , Ezikpe Ukoha
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores prison education in Nigeria and examines its history, programs, methods, and challenges. It makes the point that prison services and education are not alien to the Nigerian and African settings. However, whereas traditional African prison education emphasizes restorative justice and learning, modern prison services tend to amplify punishment. While rehabilitation is one goal of incarceration, an all-inclusive prison education in Nigeria is still at a nascent stage. The chapter suggests ways of improving current practices and consolidating gains through specific interventions and researches.
Online Mindfulness Interventions
Authors: Ahmad Farah , Wang Jamie Jianmin , El Morr Christo
Published: September 2017

The current chapter systematically reviewed literature on online mindfulness interventions. Electronic databases were searched from 2005 to July 2016. The aim was to examine the nature of online mindfulness interventions, design features, and their effectiveness in improving symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The review of selected studies shows that online delivery of mindfulness psycho-education and practice is an area in its infancy. There is evidence that online mindfulness interventions can have a positive impact on mental health in terms of stress, depression, and anxiety; however, large sample studies are needed in order to have conclusive results. Moreover, the extension of online mindfulness interventions beyond the individual level to include a community dimension, such as virtual community features, and a focus on the social determinants of health, needs to be explored in future. The online mindfulness intervention could be a cost-effective way to scale up the promotion of mental wellbeing.
Computational Intelligence Approach for Flow Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Kumar Harendra
Published: September 2017

Flow shop scheduling is an important tool for manufacturing and engineering, where it can have a major impact on the productivity of a process. Because the resources used in manufacturing activities are very limited, flow shop scheduling becomes a very important concept in managerial decision-making. It deals with the allocation of resources to tasks over given time periods with a view to optimize one or more objective functions like makespan or mean tardiness resulting in reduced production time and costs. During recent years, effective computational intelligent algorithms are developed and successfully employed for achieving the optimum output of the flow shop problems. This chapter provides a computational intelligence approach for flow shop scheduling.
Application of the Spiral Optimization Technique to Antenna Array Design
Authors: Recioui Abdelmadjid
Published: September 2017

Antenna arrays are considered as important type used in today's long-distance communication. The design of such antenna depends on parameters and desired behavior performing the task. This chapter deals with the application of a new type of nature-inspired global optimization methodology in the design of an optimized planar antenna array which ensures minimum side lobes and high directivity, this new optimization method is Spiral optimization technique which is a population based iterative heuristic global optimization algorithm technique for multi-dimensional and multi-modal problems with the potential to implement constraints on the search domain. The optimization task results in a good suppression of the side lobe level for the different antenna configurations with several sorts of excitation: Amplitude only, phase only, both amplitude and phase. Besides, the directivity is not worse than that of the conventional uniform one.
Application of Teaching Learning-Based Optimization to the Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units
Authors: Recioui Abdelmadjid
Published: September 2017

In recent years, the placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in electric transmission systems has gained much attention. This chapter presents a binary teaching learning based optimization (BTLBO) algorithm for the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs). The optimal PMU placement problem is formulated to minimize the number of PMUs installation subject to full network observability at the power system buses. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results of IEEE14-bus, 30-bus, 57-bus-118 bus systems, respectively. The results show that the whole system can be observable with installing PMUs on less than 25% of system buses. For verification of our proposed method, the results are compared with some newly reported methods which show the method as a novel effective solution to obtain system measurements with the least number of phasor measurement units.
Data Envelopment Analysis Development in Banking Sector
Authors: Kaffash Sepideh , Torshizi Mehran
Published: September 2017

Data Envelopment Analysis is a non-linear programming model introduced by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes in 1978. It is used widely in literature to measure the relative performance of units in several various fields including the banking. The fascinating real life cases and problems needed to be solved, the nature of data and the types of indicators in the banking field makes it one the most popular fields for DEA researchers theoretically and empirically. DEA and its applications have been the subject of several reviews. However, in this paper the authors specifically review the classic and new DEA models and the applications of them in the banking field.
Automatic Mask Alignment for Optical Lithography Using GA- and PSO-Based Image Registration Technique
Authors: Das Arpita
Published: September 2017

Mask Alignment is a very important part of modern day VLSI fabrication process. To replicate the desired structure on the mask to the wafer, it is necessary to have some degree of accurate mask alignment procedure. However, present day mask alignment process is operated by manual inspection and hence may produce significant human errors. The objective of this work is to develop a novel mask alignment procedure based on image registration technique which is independent of manual inspection. For this purpose only requirement is a standard webcam to capture the images of mask and wafer to be registered. It is well known that registration is a technique by which one object is aligned geometrically with respect to other. Present study shows that genetic algorithm/particle swarm optimization based mask registration technique produces satisfactory results in a reasonable time. First section of this work describes the registration technique of mask and wafer images in details and following this registration values second part is hardware implementation of mask alignment procedure.
Examining the Current Definitions of Computational Thinking
Authors: Demir Kadir , Çaka Cansu , Yaman Nihal Dulkadir , İslamoğlu Hakan , Kuzu Abdullah
Published: September 2017

Computational thinking involves understanding human behavior, designing systems and solving problems by applying the mental tools that reflect the computer science and basic concepts. Development of frameworks of computational thinking helps integrate computational thinking into education and daily life. It is important for students to start using the computational methods and tools as well as algorithmic problem solving in their educations from kindergarten level to university level. Importance of training on programming at early age was explained. In addition, the current situation of programming in education in the world was reviewed. Then curricula and projects in different countries were summarized. It is necessary to start studies at an early age to help individuals acquire these skills.
Spatial Thinking as a Path Towards Computational Thinking
Authors: Ham Derek Allen
Published: September 2017

Considering what we know about computational thinking, how much of this cognitive domain hangs on one's ability to think spatially? Is spatial thinking a hidden foundational property for developing strong computational thinking skills? If coding is the new literacy for 21st century thinking, educators must diversify their methodology of instruction. Mathematics must not be the only pathway to computational thinking, computer science, and coding. This book chapter opens up new insight into spatial reasoning, showing it as a new viable method to give students the computational thinking skills necessary to thrive in STEM fields. Finally, this chapter presents concepts found in shape grammars as a methodology used to teach students how to approach art and design computationally. With shape, grammars we find computational thinking at the center of creative activities.
Learning from Programming Robots
Authors: Yanik H. Bahadir , Kurz Terri L. , Memis Yasin
Published: September 2017

Oftentimes, elementary students are not provided with rich, investigative lessons that support computation thinking (CT) and critical analysis through the use of tools. The purpose of this study was to explore how programming educational robotics (ERs) support third grade gifted students' CT skills in the context of Taxicab geometry focusing on data processing abilities and time estimation skills. Using qualitative case study methodology, data were gathered though classroom interviews, observations and document analyses. Results indicated that ERs provided students with opportunities for both learning programming in early grades and applying mathematical knowledge and skills through a meaningful task that supported content commonly emphasized in mathematics. Specifically, there was growth in student understanding in terms of abstraction, decomposition, algorithmic thinking, evaluation, and generalization. The findings also suggested that working with ERs supported students' estimation and data processing skills. Implications are provided for the integration of ERs as a tool for primary gifted students' learning of mathematics in technology-mediated environments emphasizing CT.
Diversity of Fans on Social Media
Authors: Jia Xinming , Hung Kineta , Zhang Ke
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the diversity of celebrity fans in China, including their motives, activities and processes of celebrity idolization. Based on a grounded theoretical approach, the authors traced and analyzed the user-generated content posted on Weibo that was prepared by fans of the singer/actor Wallace Chung. The analysis reveals five fan segments with different motives: casual fans (playful), fascinated fans (aspirational), devoted fans (sense of belonging), dysfunctional fans (identification with celebrity), and reflective fans (solid self-identity), thus demonstrating fans' different characteristics. This chapter also outlines the typical developmental process as fans increase their investments into the celebrity. Variants of this process, given the fans' different psychological and demographic characteristics, were also discussed.