bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atividades de aventura e educação ambiental como foco nos periódicos da área de Educação Física
Authors: Figueiredo Juliana de Paula , Schwartz Gisele Maria
Published: June 2013

Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, objetivou analisar os artigos que tratam sobre as diferentes abordagens e estratégias metodológicas relacionando as temáticas atividades de aventura e educação ambiental, em periódicos da área de Educação Física. A pesquisa exploratória foi realizada nos periódicos da área com estrato "A", na avaliação WebQualis CAPES 2011. Os resultados evidenciam que esta relação é pouco explorada na área e os estudos privilegiam apenas alguns aspectos, necessitando, assim, novas reflexões.
Equilíbrio corporal em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos e não asmáticos
Authors: Silva Marta Cristina Rodrigues da , Corazza Sara Teresinha , Katzer Juliana Izabel , Mota Carlos Bolli , Soares Juliana Côrrea
Published: June 2013

O objetivo foi analisar e comparar o equilíbrio corporal em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos e não asmáticos. Fizeram parte do grupo de estudos 24 sujeitos com idades de 7 a 14 anos divididos em dois grupos: grupo asmático e grupo controle. Para avaliação do equilíbrio corporal utilizou-se uma plataforma de força. Foram utilizadas as condições, olhos abertos e fechados com três tentativas aleatórias, com duração de 30 segundos cada uma. Os resultados apontaram diferença significativa entre os grupos, no teste de equilíbrio com olhos abertos apresentando maior amplitude de deslocamento na direção ântero-posterior (COPap) (p = 0,04), e médio lateral (COPml) (p = 0,02) no grupo asmático. Enquanto que no teste com olhos fechados a diferença foi significante apenas na amplitude de deslocamento ântero-posterior (COPap) (p = 0,02) e Área de Elipse (p=0,03). Desse modo, a asma com suas limitações e consequências parece influenciar negativamente no equilíbrio corporal de seus portadores quando comparados com crianças sem a patologia e da mesma faixa etária.
Similaridade florística entre estratos da vegetação em quatro Florestas Estacionais Deciduais na bacia do Rio São Francisco
Authors: Gonzaga Anne Priscila Dias , Pinto José Roberto Rodrigues , Machado Evandro Luiz Mendonça , Felfili Jeanine Maria
Published: June 2013

Este estudo descreveu e comparou a similaridade florística de três estratos de quatro fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Decidual. Os fragmentos estudados estão distribuídos na Bacia do São Francisco, três em Minas Gerais e um na Bahia. A amostragem da vegetação seguiu o protocolo da Rede de Parcelas Permanentes nos biomas Cerrado e Pantanal para os estratos arbóreo, de arvoretas e juvenil. Foram contabilizadas a riqueza de espécies e famílias em cada área e estrato. A similaridade entre os estratos de cada área foi obtida por diagramas de Venn e índices de Jaccard e Czekanowski, já para a análise da similaridade entre os fragmentos, em cada estrato, foram calculados apenas os dois índices. Os quatro fragmentos e os três estratos apresentaram baixa relação florística, ou seja, baixo compartilhamento de espécies. As diferenças entre os estratos podem ser reflexo de variações ambientais ao longo do tempo, assim como da capacidade de reprodução das espécies dos estratos superiores. Já as diferenças entre as áreas devem-se à distribuição geográfica, que gera variações ambientais, as quais podem estar favorecendo a ocorrência de espécies adaptadas às condições de cada fragmento, contribuindo para uma composição florística diferenciada. Além disso, os contatos vegetacionais (ecótonos) provavelmente também contribuíram para as diferenças florísticas observadas.
A família Boraginaceae sensu lato na APA Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Vieira Diego Daltro , Conceição Adilva de Souza , Melo José Iranildo Miranda de , Stapf María Natividad Sánchez de
Published: June 2013

Este trabalho consiste no levantamento florístico da família Boraginaceae na APA Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina, localizada no município de Jeremoabo, Bahia. Foram analisados espécimes coletados no período de Agosto/2009 a Junho/2011 e coleções herborizadas depositadas nos Herbários ALCB, HRB e HUEFS. Foram encontrados quatro gêneros e dez espécies de Boraginaceae: Cordia rufescens A.DC., C. trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud., C. glabrata (Mart.) A.DC., Heliotropium angiospermum Murray, H. elongatum (Lehm.) I.M.Johnst., Tournefortia rubicunda Salzm. ex DC., T. salzmannii DC., Varronia curassavica Jacq., V. globosa Jacq. e V. leucocephala (Moric.) J.S.Mill. São apresentadas chaves para identificação de gêneros e espécies, descrições, ilustrações, comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e fenologia das espécies.
Looking behind the curtain: quantifying massive shark mortality in fish aggregating devices
Authors: Filmalter John David , Capello Manuela , Deneubourg Jean-Louis , Cowley Paul Denfer , Dagorn Laurent
Published: June 2013

Increasing catch rates are considered the main impact of dynamic fisheries practices on marine ecosystems, but other effects can be equally important and are often ignored. Here we quantify a major, previously unknown source of shark mortality: entanglement in drifting fish aggregating devices, now widely used in the global tropical tuna purse‐seine fishery. Using satellite tagging and underwater observational data, we developed two novel, independent, and complementary approaches, which quantify and highlight the scale of this problem. Entanglement mortality of silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis) in the Indian Ocean was 5–10 times that of the known bycatch of this imperiled species from the region's purse‐seine fleet. More importantly, these estimates from a single ocean (480 000–960 000 silky sharks) mirror those from all world fisheries combined (400 000–2 million silky sharks), a situation that clearly requires immediate management intervention and extensive monitoring.
Infant Reflux and Aerophagia Associated with the Maxillary Lip-tie and Ankyloglossia (Tongue-tie)
Authors: Kotlow Lawrence
Published: June 2013

Successful breastfeeding depends on an infant’s latching onto the mother’s breast correctly. If an excessive amount of air reaches the stomach due to a poor latch, abdominal distension, belching, and flatulence often develop. This may be the result of pathologic aerophagia. Aerophagia
(from the Greek word aerophagein: “to eat air”) is excessive swallowing of air during feeding. A poor or incorrect latch may be the result of both a maxillary lip-tie and ankyloglossia. The author presents two cases where infants were being treated for reflux by their medical
doctors. After revision of both the lip- and tongue-ties, the symptoms were significantly reduced, eliminating the need for medications.
The Magic Number and Long-Term Milk Production
Authors: Mohrbacher Nancy
Published: June 2013

Worry about milk production is the most common reason women wean earlier than planned. In many cases this worry is due to confusion about how milk production works. This article describes a teaching concept, termed the Magic Number. Clinicians can use this concept to provide mothers
who are not exclusively breastfeeding on cue a clear, evidence-based understanding of how to keep their milk production stable over the long term.
Breastfeeding to Combat Childhood Obesity: The Duration Required to Reduce the Risk
Authors: Strong Genae
Published: June 2013

Childhood obesity rates are rising and breastfeeding is documented as a potential protective mechanism to combat obesity risk in children. The purpose of this review of literature was to examine the duration of breastfeeding required to produce a significant reduction in obesity risk
during childhood. Our findings indicate breastfeeding as a preventative measure for obesity in children is evident. However, the duration of breastfeeding required to achieve significant benefits remains uncertain.
Working with Families of Different Cultures I Lessons Learned
Authors: Panchula Jeanette
Published: June 2013

The Code of Professional Conduct for IBCLCs states that an IBCLC must "Provide care to meet clients’ individual needs that is culturally appropriate and informed by the best available evidence." IBCLCs must not only have knowledge that will help a mother breastfeed. They must also have
the skill to help her to discern the best solution for her situation. The ability to communicate with clients does not necessarily mean learning "everything there is to know" about their culture. Rather, it means learning the basis for the mothers’ beliefs and actions.
Antimicrobial Action of Minocycline Microspheres Versus 810‐nm Diode Laser on Human Dental Plaque Microcosm Biofilms
Authors: Song Xiaoqing , Yaskell Tina , Klepac‐Ceraj Vanja , Lynch Michael C. , Soukos Nikolaos S.
Published: June 2013

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial effects of minocycline hydrochloride microspheres versus infrared light at 810 nm from a diode laser on multispecies oral biofilms in vitro. These biofilms were grown from dental plaque inoculum (oral microcosms) and were obtained from six systemically healthy individuals with generalized chronic periodontitis.

Methods: Multispecies biofilms were derived using supra‐ and subgingival plaque samples from mesio‐buccal aspects of premolars and molars exhibiting probing depths in the 4‐ to 5‐mm range and 1‐ to 2‐mm attachment loss. Biofilms were developed anaerobically on blood agar surfaces in 96‐well plates using a growth medium of prereduced, anaerobically sterilized brain–heart infusion with 2% horse serum. Minocycline HCl 1 mg microspheres were applied on biofilms on days 2 and 5 of their development. Biofilms were also exposed on days 2 and 5 of their growth to 810‐nm light for 30 seconds using a power of 0.8 W in a continuous‐wave mode. The susceptibility of microorganisms to minocycline or infrared light was evaluated by a colony‐forming assay and DNA probe analysis at different time points.

Results: At all time points of survival assessment, minocycline was more effective (>2 log10 colony‐forming unit reduction) than light treatment (P <0.002). Microbial analysis did not reveal susceptibility of certain dental plaque pathogens to light, and it was not possible after treatment with minocycline due to lack of bacterial growth.

Conclusion: The cumulative action of minocycline microspheres on multispecies oral biofilms in vitro led to enhanced killing of microorganisms, whereas a single exposure of light at 810 nm exhibited minimal and non‐selective antimicrobial effects.
Periodontal Fibroblasts Modulate Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells Through Production of Fibroblast Growth Factors
Authors: Kook Sung‐Ho , Jeon Young‐Mi , Park Song‐Soo , Lee Jeong‐Chae
Published: June 2013

Background: Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLFs) maintain homeostasis of periodontal ligaments by producing paracrine factors that affect various functions of stem‐like cells. It is hypothesized that PLFs induce proliferation and differentiation of stem cells more effectively than gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and skin fibroblasts (SFs).

Methods: PLFs and GFs were isolated from extracted teeth and cultured in the presence and absence of osteogenesis‐inducing factors. Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells and SFs were purchased commercially. mES cells were incubated with culture supernatants of these fibroblasts or cocultured directly with the cells. Proliferation and mineralization in mES cells were determined at various times of incubation. Immunostaining and polymerase chain reaction were performed. The activity of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also measured.

Results: In cocultures, PLFs stimulated proliferation of mES cells more effectively than GFs or SFs. Similarly, the addition of culture supernatant of PLFs induced the most prominent proliferation of mES cells, and this was significantly inhibited by treatment with antibody against fibroblast growth factor (FGF)4 or the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 (anthra[1,9‐cd]pyrazol‐6(2H)‐one). Supplementation with culture supernatant from the fibroblasts induced osteogenic differentiation of mES cells in the order PLFs > GFs > SFs. These activities of PLFs were related to their potential to produce osteogenic markers, such as ALP and runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (Runx2), and to secrete FGF7. Pretreatment of mES cells with the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase inhibitor PD98059 [2‐(2‐amino‐3‐methyoxyphenyl)‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one] or SP600125 clearly attenuated mineralization induced by culture supernatant of PLF with attendant decreases in mRNA levels of Runx2, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osteopontin.

Conclusion: PLFs regulate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mES cells more strongly than GFs and SFs via the secretion of FGF through a mechanism that involves mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐mediated signaling.
Posterior breast cancer: Mammographic and ultrasonographic features
Authors: Jankovic Ana , Nadrljanski Mirjan , Plesinac-Karapandzic Vesna , Ivanovic Nebojsa , Radojicic Zoran , Milosevic Zorica
Published: June 2013

Background/Aim. Posterior breast cancers are located in the prepectoral
region of the breast. Owing to this distinctive anatomical localization,
physical examination and mammographic or ultrasonographic evaluation can be
difficult. The purpose of the study was to assess possibilities of diagnostic
mammography and breast ultrasonography in detection and differentiation of
posterior breast cancers. Methods. The study included 40 women with palpable,
histopathological confirmed posterior breast cancer. Mammographic and
ultrasonographic features were defined according to Breast Imaging Reporting
and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon. Results. Based on standard two-view
mammography 87.5%, of the cases were classified as BI-RADS 4 and 5
categories, while after additional mammographic views all the cases were
defined as BIRADS 4 and 5 categories. Among 96 mammographic descriptors, the
most frequent were: spiculated mass (24.0%), architectural distortion
(16.7%), clustered microcalcifications (12.6%) and focal asymmetric density
(12.6%). The differentiation of the spiculated mass was significantly
associated with the possibility to visualize the lesion at two-view
mammography (p = 0.009), without the association with lesion diameter (p =
0.083) or histopathological type (p = 0.055). Mammographic signs of invasive
lobular carcinoma were significantly different from other histopathological
types (architectural distortion, p = 0.003; focal asymmetric density, p =
0.019; association of four or five subtle signs of malignancy, p = 0.006).
All cancers were detectable by ultrasonography. Mass lesions were found in
82.0% of the cases. Among 153 ultrasonographic descriptors, the most frequent
were: irregular mass (15.7%), lobulated mass (7.2%), abnormal color Doppler
signals (20.3%), posterior acoustic attenuation (18.3%). Ultrasonographic
BI-RADS 4 and 5 categories were defined in 72.5% of the cases, without a
significant difference among various histopathological types (p = 0.109).
Conclusion. Standard two-view mammography followed by additional mammographic
projections is an effective way to demonstrate the spiculated mass and to
classify the prepectoral lesion as category BI-RADS 4 or 5. Additional
ultrasonography can overcome the mimicry of invasive lobular breast carcinoma
at mammography.
On weaker forms of the chain (F) condition and metacompactness-like covering properties in the product spaces
Authors: Önal Süleyman , Vural Çetin
Published: June 2013

We introduce the concept of a family of sets generating another family. Then we prove that if X is a topological space and X has W = {W(x): x ∈ X} which is finitely generated by a countable family satisfying (F) which consists of families each Noetherian of ω-rank, then X is metaLindelöf as well as a countable product of them. We also prove that if W satisfies ω-rank (F) and, for every x ∈ X, W(x) is of the form W
0(x) ∪ W
1(x), where W
0(x) is Noetherian and W
1(x) consists of neighbourhoods of x, then X is metacompact.
A way to identify archaellins in Halobacterium salinarum archaella by FLAG-tagging
Authors: Beznosov Sergei , Pyatibratov Michael , Veluri Pavan , Mitra Sagar , Fedorov Oleg
Published: June 2013

In the current study, haloarchaea Halobacterium salinarum cells were transformed individually with each of the modified archaellin genes (flaA1, flaA2 and flaB2) containing an oligonucleotide insert encoding the FLAG peptide (DYKDDDDK). The insertion site was selected to expose the FLAG peptide on the archaella filament surface. Three types of transformed cells synthesizing archaella, containing A1, A2, or B2 archaellin modified with FLAG peptide were obtained. Electron microscopy of archaella has demonstrated that in each case the FLAG peptide is available for the specific antibody binding. It was shown for the first time that the B2 archaellin, like archaellins A1 and A2, is found along the whole filament length.
On ordered semigroups which are semilattices of left simple semigroups
Authors: Kehayopulu Niovi , Tsingelis Michael
Published: June 2013

It has been proved by Tôru Saitô that a semigroup S is a semilattice of left simple semigroups, that is, it is decomposable into left simple semigroups, if and only if the set of left ideals of S is a semilattice under the multiplication of subsets, and that this is equivalent to say that S is left regular and every left ideal of S is two-sided. Besides, S. Lajos has proved that a semigroup S is left regular and the left ideals of S are two-sided if and only if for any two left ideals L
1, L
2 of S, we have L
1 ∩ L
2 = L
1
L
2. The present paper generalizes these results in case of ordered semigroups. Some additional information concerning the semigroups (without order) are also obtained.
On Gibson functions with connected graphs
Authors: Karlova Olena , Mykhaylyuk Volodymyr
Published: June 2013

A function f: X → Y between topological spaces is said to be a weakly Gibson function if $f(\bar G) \subseteq \overline {f(G)} $ for any open connected set G ⊆ X. We call a function f: X → Y segmentary connected if X is topological vector space and f([a, b]) is connected for every segment [a, b] ⊆ X. We show that if X is a hereditarily Baire space, Y is a metric space, f: X → Y is a Baire-one function and one of the following conditions holds:
(i)X is a connected and locally connected space and f is a weakly Gibson function(ii)X is an arcwise connected space and f is a Darboux function(iii)X is a topological vector space and f is a segmentary connected function, then f has a connected graph.
The compound logarithmic function
Authors: Gu Zhendong , Sun Daochun
Published: June 2013

We define the compound logarithmic function on simple connected region. As an application of such function, we point out a slight mistake of Hayman in his proof for logarithmic derivative theorem (Lemma 2.3, Page 36), in his book Meromorphic Functions, published in 1964. We modify his proof.
The $\bar \partial $-problem on q-pseudoconvex domains with applications
Authors: Saber S.
Published: June 2013

For a q-pseudoconvex domain Ω in ℂn, 1 ≤ q ≤ n, with Lipschitz boundary, we solve the $\bar \partial $-problem with exact support in Ω. Moreover, we solve the $\bar \partial $-problem with solutions smooth up to the boundary over Ω provided that it has smooth boundary. Applications are given to the solvability of the tangential Cauchy-Riemann equations on the boundary.
A generalization of a 4-dimensional Einstein manifold
Authors: Euh Yunhee , Park Jeong , Sekigawa Kouei
Published: June 2013

A weakly Einstein manifold is a natural generalization of a 4-dimensional Einstein manifold. In this paper, we shall give a characterization of a weakly Einstein manifold in terms of so-called generalized Singer-Thorpe bases. As an application, we prove a generalization of the Hitchin inequality for compact weakly Einstein 4-manifolds. Examples are provided to illustrate the theorems.
The current economic and debt crisis in eurozone and crisis of grand theories of European integration
Authors: Leška Dušan
Published: June 2013

The economic and debt crisis threaten many eurozone countries and the very existence of the common currency, the euro. The crisis has meant that some special mechanisms have had to be created (EFSF, ESM) and the introduction of special procedures in heavily indebted countries. The deepening of the crisis and the economic recession in the euro area have resulted in the growth of nationalism and anti-European sentiments in EU member states. Resolving the crisis, however, requires further convergence of the eurozone countries, the formation of a fiscal union and a banking union. At the same time, the crisis has shown that the grand theories of European integration, neo-functionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism, have failed to provide answers to the questions raised by the crisis, and this has led to the growing importance of social constructivism.
Geoheritage values of one of the largest maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula: the Al Wahbah Crater and other volcanoes (Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia)
Authors: Moufti Mohammed , Németh Károly , El-Masry Nabil , Qaddah Atef
Published: June 2013

Al Wahbah Crater is one of the largest and deepest Quaternary maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula. It is NW-SE-elongated, ∼2.3 km wide, ∼250 m deep and surrounded by an irregular near-perpendicular crater wall cut deeply into the Proterozoic diorite basement. Very few scientific studies have been conducted on this unique site, especially in respect to understanding the associated volcanic eruption processes. Al Wahbah and adjacent large explosion craters are currently a research subject in an international project, Volcanic Risk in Saudi Arabia (VORiSA). The focus of VORiSA is to characterise the volcanic hazards and eruption mechanisms of the vast volcanic fields in Western Saudi Arabia, while also defining the unique volcanic features of this region for use in future geoconservation, geoeducation and geotourism projects. Al Wahbah is inferred to be a maar crater that formed due to an explosive interaction of magma and water. The crater is surrounded by a tephra ring that consists predominantly of base surge deposits accumulated over a pre-maar scoria cone and underlying multiple lava flow units. The tephra ring acted as an obstacle against younger lava flows that were diverted along the margin of the tephra ring creating unique lava flow surface textures that recorded inflation and deflation processes along the margin of the post-maar lava flow. Al Wahbah is a unique geological feature that is not only a dramatic landform but also a site that can promote our understanding of complex phreatomagmatic monogenetic volcanism. The complex geological features perfectly preserved at Al Wahbah makes this site as an excellent geotope and a potential centre of geoeducation programs that could lead to the establishment of a geopark in the broader area at the Kishb Volcanic Field.
Evaluation of seismogenesis behavior in Himalayan belt using data mining tools for forecasting
Authors: Dutta Pushan , Mishra O. , Naskar Mrinal
Published: June 2013

In the proposed study, non-linear behavioral patterns in the seismic regime for earthquakes in the Himalayan basin have been studied using a complete, verified EQ catalogue comprised of all major events and their aftershock sequences in the Himalayan basin for the past 110 years [1900–2010]. The dataset has been analyzed to give better decision making criteria for impending earthquakes. A series of statistical tests based on multi-dimensional rigorous statistical studies, inter-event distance analyses, and statistical time analyses have been used to obtain correlation dimensions. The time intervals of earthquakes within a seismic regime have been used to train the neural network to analyze the nature of earthquake patterns in the different clusters. The results obtained from descriptive statistics show high correlation with previously conducted gravity studies and radon anomaly variation. A study of the time of recurrence of the numerical properties of the regime for 60 years from 1950 to 2010 for the Himalayan belt for analysis of significant EQ failure events has been done to find the best fit for an empirical data probability distribution. The distribution of waiting time of swarm events occurring in the Himalayan basin follows a power-law model, while independent events do not fit the power-law distribution. This suggests that probability of the occurrence of swarm events [M ⩽ 6.0] with frequent shaking may be more frequent than that of the occurrence of independent events of magnitude [M >6.0] in the Himalayan belt. We propose a three-layer feed forward neural network model to identify factors, with the actual occurrence of the maximum earthquake level M as input and target vectors in Himalayan basin area. We infer through a series of statistical results and evaluations that probabilistic forecasting of earthquakes can be achieved by finding the meta-stable cluster zones of the Himalayan clusters for the spatio-temporal distribution of earthquakes in the area.
Emergence of a new recombinant Sydney 2012 norovirus variant in Denmark, 26 December 2012 to 22 March 2013
Authors: Fonager J , Barzinci S , Fischer T K
Published: June 2013

We report here new recombinants between the norovirus II.4 Sydney 2012 and the II.4 New Orleans 2009 variants. This demonstrates that the II.4 Sydney 2012 variant is undergoing further diversification and suggests a potential for rapid evolution. We also provide primers, which allow the amplification and sequencing of both the current New Orleans 2009 and Sydney 2012 variants and the new II.4 New Orleans 2009/II.4 Sydney 2012 recombinants for more accurate surveillance and transmission tracking.
Mechanical properties of aluminum extruded via the KOBO method with direct and lateral outflow
Authors: Bochniak Włodzimierz , Korbel Andrzej , Ostachowski Pawel , Paliborek Anna
Published: June 2013

Aluminum was extruded via the KOBO method with direct and lateral outflow at ambient temperature with an extrusion ratio of λ = 100, keeping constant extrusion force all the time. Despite the far different metal flow geometries, in both cases products were obtained with very good quality (die shape reflection and surface state) and a slight variation in mechanical properties. It was also found that higher torsion angle of extruded metal lowers their levels.

The results show both the real possibilities of conducting the extrusion process with lateral outflow, as well as a successive argument supporting the concept of superplastic flow of metal in the KOBO process.
Corrosion behaviour of AISI 204Cu and AISI 304 stainless steels in simulated pore solution
Authors: Kocijan Aleksandra
Published: June 2013

The evolution of the passive films on AISI 204Cu and AISI 304 stainless steels in simulated pore solution for steel reinforcements in concrete, and with and without the addition of chloride, was studied using cyclic voltammetry and potentiodynamic measurements. The passive layers were studied at open-circuit potential by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The passive films on both materials predominantly contained Cr-oxides, whereas the Fe-species were markedly depleted. Mn-enrichment was also observed. The addition of chloride ions did not have a significant influence on the composition of the passive layers. The surface morphology of the products formed on the surface of both investigated materials at open-circuit potential and at high over-potentials in the presence of chloride was studied using scanning electron microscopy.
Ageing texture of hot rolled and solution treated Ti–Nb alloys
Authors: Banumathy Sankaranarayanan , Mandal Rajiv Kumar , Singh Ashok Kumar
Published: June 2013

Ageing textures of three alloys, namely, Ti-8Nb, Ti-12Nb and Ti-16Nb have been studied in β STWQ and α + β STWQ specimens at three different temperatures. Ageing treatments in the present study are associated with phase transformation as well as the growth of orientations of the transformation products. The development of an ideal c-type texture depends on alloy composition, solution treatment and ageing treatment temperatures. The 450°C aged specimens of the alloys Ti-8Nb (β STWQ and α + β STWQ) and Ti-12Nb (α + β STWQ) possessed c-type texture. The presence of β phase weakens the basal component and strengthens non-basal components in {0002} pole figure. The resultant texture of 550°C aged specimens appears to be independent of the texture of the starting material.
Distant Voices of Malaya, Still Colonial Lives
Authors: Rice Tom
Published: June 2013

Through the example of the Crown film Voices of Malaya (1948), this article examines interrelated postwar shifts in colonial history and British documentary cinema. Produced over three tumultuous years (1945–8) – in Malaya and England, with local film-makers and British documentarians – Voices of Malaya is a hybrid text torn between traditions of British documentary cinema and an emerging instructional, colonial cinema; between an international cinema for overseas audiences and a local cinema used within government campaigns and between an earlier ideal of empire and a rapidly changing, late liberal imperialism. The article challenges the traditional decline and fall narrative of the British documentary movement, as I examine the often overlooked ‘movement overseas’ of film-makers, practices and ideologies into the colonies after the war. In charting the emergence of the Malayan Film Unit, I examine the role of the British documentary movement in the formation of local postcolonial cinemas.
‘Trousered’ and ‘Sexless’ at the BBC: Women Light Entertainment Makers in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Sutherland Heather
Published: June 2013

Developed from detail derived from archival data and research interviews conducted with former BBC producer/directors Yvonne Littlewood and Susan Belbin, this article concentrates on women's experiences within the BBC Light Entertainment group. While the principal aim of this article is to chart the historical experiences of women in this production group, it also draws attention to BBC's relationship with women programme-makers in general, during the 1970s and 1980s.
L'archonte éponyme à Ténos
Authors: Gauthier Philippe
Published: June 2013

L'hypothèse présentée par Roland Etienne, selon laquelle les Téniens auraient connu, vers la fin du IV siècle a.C, un archontat «pluriannuel», ne paraît pas devoir être retenue. Comme dans les autres cités, l'archonte éponyme, à Ténos, était annuel.
Sur l'origine du mot σημεῖον en géométrie
Authors: Federspiel Michel
Published: June 2013

Cet article complète un précédent travail consacré à la définition euclidienne de la droite. Chez les mathématiciens grecs, σημεῖον est employé en un sens dérivé de celui de «marque concrète, point de repère». On trouve des emplois apparentés dans différents domaines, notamment en astronomie. Si, dans la définition euclidienne de la droite, σημεῖα a le sens d'« extrémités», on aurait alors une définition préeuclidienne qui remonterait peut-être à Eudoxe.
Nitrogen deposition, plant carbon allocation, and soil microbes: Changing interactions due to enrichment
Authors: Farrer Emily C. , Herman Donald J. , Franzova Eva , Pham Trang , Suding Katharine N.
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Nitrogen (N) inputs to the terrestrial environment have doubled worldwide during the past century. N negatively impacts plant diversity, but it is unknown why some species are more susceptible than others. While it is often assumed that competition drives species decline, N enrichment also strongly affects soil microbial communities. Can these changes affect plant–microbe interactions in ways that differentially influence success of plant species? Furthermore, can altered plant–microbe interactions lead to carbon (C) limitation in plants?

• Methods: We focused on a species that increases (Deschampsia cespitosa) and one that decreases (Geum rossii) in abundance in N‐fertilized plots in alpine tundra. We measured soil microbes using phospholipid fatty acids, and C limitation and transfer using a 13C tracer experiment, C:N ratios, nonstructural carbohydrates, and leaf preformation.

• Key results: While N profoundly influenced microbial communities, this change occurred similarly in association with both plant species. N addition did not alter total C allocation to microbes in either species, but it changed patterns of microbial C acquisition more in Geum, specifically in gram‐negative bacteria. Geum showed evidence of C limitation: it allocated less C to storage organs, had lower C:N and carbohydrate stores, and fewer preformed leaves in N plots.

• Conclusions: Carbon limitation may explain why some species decline with N enrichment, and the decline may be due to physiological responses of plants to N rather than to altered plant–microbe interactions. Global change will alter many processes important in structuring plant communities; noncompetitive mechanisms of species decline may be more widespread than previously thought.
Host–guest complexes of mixed glycol-bipyridine cryptands: prediction of ion selectivity by quantum chemical calculations, part V
Authors: Begel Svetlana , Puchta Ralph , van Eldik Rudi
Published: June 2013

The selectivity of the cryptands [2.2.bpy] and [2.bpy.bpy] for the endohedral complexation of alkali, alkaline-earth and earth metal ions was predicted on the basis of the DFT (B3LYP/LANL2DZp) calculated structures and complex-formation energies. The cavity size in both cryptands lay between that for [2.2.2] and [bpy.bpy.bpy], such that the complexation of K+, Sr2+ and Tl3+ is most favorable. While the [2.2.bpy] is moderately larger, preferring Rb+ complexation and demonstrating equal priority for Sr2+ and Ba2+, the slightly smaller [2.bpy.bpy] yields more stable cryptates with Na+ and Ca2+. Although the CH2-units containing molecular bars fixed at the bridgehead nitrogen atoms determine the flexibility of the cryptands, the twist angles associated with the bipyridine and glycol building blocks also contribute considerably.
HOW EFFECTIVE IS MICROFINANCE IN REACHING THE POOREST? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON PROGRAMME OUTREACH IN RURAL PAKISTAN
Authors: Ghalib Asad K.
Published: June 2013

Microfinance has emerged on the global scale as a key strategy to reduce poverty and promote development. Most literature however, tends to concentrate on breadth as opposed to depth of programme outreach. This paper is based on a primary household survey of 1,132 respondents in the Punjab Province of Pakistan to assess which category of the poor is being served by microfinance institutions: are they the very poor, middle poor or less poor ones? In order to make comparisons, borrower (treatment) and non-borrower (control) households are ranked by poverty scores generated by employing Principal Component Analysis. The study reveals that the depth of poverty outreach is significantly lower than what has been claimed by lenders. The paper reflects on policy implications to enhance depth (as opposed to breadth) of outreach to address the needs of the ‘poorest of the poor’ in order to contribute meaningfully and effectively towards combating poverty.
AN ANALYSIS OF EARLY CAREER TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR QUANTITY SURVEYING PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Lee Cynthia ChinTian , Perera Srinath , Hogg Keith
Published: June 2013

Early career experience can play a significant part in lifelong professional capability and the support and knowledge gained during the early years of graduate employment can influence future career direction and success. Whilst there are prescribed models of graduate development relative to the surveying professions, for example, those relating to the APC utilised by the RICS, there has been little evaluation in terms of their relative contribution to career success. Through the use of a questionnaire survey, the issue of learning and development for new graduates in their early career, the extent to which new graduates perceive themselves to be competent in various major quantity surveying activities and, the range of graduate training provided by the employer were explored. The main conclusions drawn from the study are that: new graduates exhibit a high level of self-doubt in professional competence; task competence is influenced by frequency of application, years of postgraduate experience and the mode of study taken by graduates in entering the QS profession. There is a difference between training received by graduates working for consultant and contracting employers. Graduates from full time study mode tend to receive more training from their employers compared to part time graduates.
THE LONG-RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSE PRICES AND INFLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: AN ARDL APPROACH
Authors: Inglesi-Lotz Roula , Gupta Rangan
Published: June 2013

This paper investigates whether house prices provide a suitable hedge against inflation in South Africa by analysing the long-run relationship between house prices and the prices of non-housing goods and services. Quarterly data series are collected for the luxury, large middle-segment, medium middle-segment, small middle-segment and the entire middle segment of house prices, as well as, the consumer price index excluding housing costs for the period 1970:Q1–2011:Q1. Based on autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models, the empirical results indicate long-run cointegration between the house prices of all the segments and the consumer price index excluding housing costs. Moreover, the long-run elasticity of house prices with respect to prices of non-housing goods and services, i.e., the Fisher coefficient is greater than one for the luxury segment, virtually equal to one for the small middle-segment, and less than one for the large and medium middle-segments, as well as the affordable segments. More importantly though, the estimated Fisher coefficients are not statistically different from unity – a result consistent with the proposed theoretical framework relating housing prices and consumer prices excluding housing expenditure. In general, we infer that house prices in South Africa provide a stable inflation hedge in the long-run.
PANEL BUILDING REFURBISHMENT ELEMENTS EFFECTIVE SELECTION BY APPLYING MULTIPLE-CRITERIA METHODS
Authors: Kracka Modestas , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras
Published: June 2013

Sustainable development has taken on a new concept: building maintenance, materials production, buildings demolition to determine the amount of energy and resources. This paper presents the process of effective selection of building elements for renovation which are important for energy effectiveness of buildings. Multi-criteria MOORA and MULTIMOORA methods has been adapt for problems solving with interval data. The paper presents a theoretical model of practice design renovation solutions evaluated. The theoretical model can also be applied to practical solutions to assess new construction planning stage, and other life-building processes.
Fictions of Sex, Fear and Loathing in the Caribbean: Revisiting the Haitian/Dominican Borderland
Authors: James Conrad Michael
Published: June 2013

Haitian-Dominican border narratives invariably draw attention to debates concerning the Dominican Republic’s (historical) hysterical drives to maintain an untainted “Raza dominicana” and simultaneously point to the threat posed to this ideal by their othered ethnic neighbours, the Haitians. What is less prevalent is an exploration of the sexual history of the border. Equally sparse are critical explorations of the fictional narratives of this border which privilege sex and the erotic as principal investigative prisms. Yet the literary architecture of the border is unsustainable without its sexual elements. This essay revisits key moments in the narrative construction of the border and investigates a few border texts that participate in the discussion on race and nationhood in the Dominican Republic. The aim here is straightforward; I intend to highlight the tenacious presence of sex and fear in narratives which record, interrogate, denounce or celebrate the border. The putative “problem” of the border, the essay reveals, is as much a problem of gender as it is of race. Accordingly, the fear of black masculinity on one hand and the celebration of new world erotics on the other become key components in unravelling the meanings of border identity.
Performance of silicic pozzolans and Portland cements in their behavior in front of gypsum attack as determined by ASTM C 452-68
Authors: Talero R.
Published: June 2013

For this study, ASTM C 452-68 testing was conducted for two years on 54 POZC-silica fume (SF) or diatomites (D and N) (=Z pozzolans), were tested for 2 years, by ASTM C 452-68 method, having determined to their specimens their Vcl(=ΔL(%)/day) . The results have borne out that the pozzolanic reactions from SiO2r- of these Z pozzolans, in a sulfatic environment, had prevailed sooner (with D and N) or later (with SF) over the sulfatic hydration of their POZC, reaching completion in the first 28 days. Therefore, after positive result is obtained in the Frattini test, as well as in other equivalent tests standardized, the ASTM C 452- 68 test can be validly used to differentiate 28-day POZC-Z pozzolan or with any other from natural or artificial origin, which may or may not give rise to the development of low, moderate or high SR. The only requisite would be to establish suitable standard physical-chemical requirements and specifications..
New Approaches of Nanocomposite Materials for Electromagnetic Sensors and Robotics
Authors: Massaro Alessandro , Spano Fabrizio , Caratelli Diego , Yarovoy Alexander , Cingolani Roberto , Athanassiou Athanassia
Published: June 2013

In this paper, the authors define new classes of devices based on nanocomposite materials (NMs). The work introduces approaches about the design and the experimental characterization of these materials. A wide range of applications is presented by discussing novel devices implemented by nanocomposite techniques including sensing and robotic in micro/nano scale. The approaches are oriented on the electromagnetic (EM) characterization of tailored devices such as sensors, and micro/nano antennas. New EM numerical approaches for the design are presented.
Thorax
Authors: Urooj Shabana , Khan M. , Ansari A. Q.
Published: June 2013

In this paper, the authors prove that variations in thoracic volumes are greatly responsive to the act of breathing (i.e., inspiration and expiration). These variations may be adopted for diagnosing various respiration related diseases and pulmonary edema. In this study, the authors present a method to estimate the thoracic volume non-invasively using anthropometric dimensions. The change in the geometry of thorax with the act of breathe is recorded by measuring the anthropometric parameters for nine healthy human subjects. The model based approach shows the extent of its sensitivity in terms of volumetric variations with the state of inspiration and expiration. Many deaths occur due to unavailability of health care and monitoring systems in rural areas and developing countries. The technique presented in this paper takes care of these situations and the volumetric estimation of thorax is independent of any instrumentation, expensive equipment, and clinical environment.
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of C2C Websites in Delhi-NCR
Authors: Bagga Teena , Chouhan Roushan
Published: June 2013

Electronic commerce is becoming increasingly important in business, and Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) e-commerce is a growing area of e-commerce. C2C (Consumer to Consumer) refers to transactions that take place directly between consumers; the suitable example would be consumers selling their used or new things directly to other consumers on some auction sites like eBay. There are various items, such as books, designer items, collectibles, and so on, that have gained immense popularity and business on such sites. The purpose of this study is to find the factors contributing to the success of a C2C Websites and to understand the impact of various factors on the effectiveness of a C2C Website. A structured questionnaire survey is used to collect data from selected users of C2C Websites. Questionnaire are filled by 200 respondents and used for analysis. These respondents are selected with the help of convenience as well as snowball sampling. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of a C2C Website in e-commerce is affected by ease of use of the C2C Website, usefulness of the C2C Website, security, vender’s competence, and transaction facilities. On the contrary, third-party facilitators do not vary according to the demographic predictors and do not contribute to the effectiveness of a C2C Website. This study proves that while using a C2C Website some variables affect effectiveness of C2C Website. These variables also vary across age, household income, and occupation of the respondents.
Effects of Phishing on E-Commerce with Special Reference to India
Authors: Verma Amita
Published: June 2013

Phishing is one of the fastest-growing Internet crimes in recent history. Millions of people are affected, and billions of dollars are stolen. Phishing is a technique used to extract personal information from victims by means of deceptive and fraudulent emails for identity theft. As a result of this, the organizations as well consumers are facing enormous social and economic effects. Phishing is causing two-way damage. This chapter lists the effects of phishing to e-commerce and summarizes techniques available that can be used to prevent phishing with special reference to Indian laws.
Ptolemaic Metamodelling?
Authors: Henderson-Sellers Brian , Eriksson Owen , Gonzalez-Perez Cesar , Ågerfalk Pär J.
Published: June 2013

By consideration of scientific paradigm shifts, in this chapter the authors evaluate possible parallels in the evolution of modelling, and particularly metamodelling and modelling language construction, as a basis for evaluating whether or not the time is ripe for a similar change of direction in model language development for software engineering. Having identified several inconsistencies and paradoxes in the current orthodoxy, they then introduce a number of ideas from outside software engineering (including language use, philosophy, and ontology engineering) that seem to solve many of these issues. Whether these new ideas, together, are sufficient to create a shift in mindset or whether they are simply the stimulus for others to create new and orthogonal ideas remains to be seen. The authors urge the modelling and metamodelling communities to search out that new orthodoxy (i.e. instigate a paradigm shift) that will, necessarily, ensure that the science will offer simpler and more satisfying solutions in the years to come.
Architecture-Driven Modernization for Software Reverse Engineering Technologies
Authors: Martinez Liliana , Favre Liliana , Pereira Claudia
Published: June 2013

Modernization of legacy systems is a new research area in the software industry that is intended to provide support for transforming an existing software system to a new one that satisfies new demands. Software modernization requires technical frameworks for information integration and tool interoperability that allow managing new platform technologies, design techniques, and processes. The new OMG (Object Management Group) initiative for modernization aligned with this requirement is Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM). Reverse engineering techniques play a crucial role in system modernization. In this chapter, the authors describe the state-of-the-art in the model-driven modernization area, reverse engineering in particular, and discuss about existing tools and future trends. In addition, they describe a framework to reverse engineering models from object-oriented code that distinguishes three different abstraction levels linked to models, metamodels, and formal specifications. As an example, this chapter shows how to reverse engineering use case diagrams from Java code in the ADM context focusing on transformations at metamodel level. The authors validate their approach by using Eclipse Modeling Framework.