bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Post-Editing Machine Translation Skills Among Iraqi Undergraduate Students
Authors: Sammarraie Huda Saad Mudheher Al , Ghassemiazghandi Mozhgan
Published: June 2024

Post-editing machine translation often results in discrepancies between industry expectations and the actual quality of the final product. Despite the usually, low-quality outcomes associated with machine translation, it remains underutilized, even when there are opportunities for improvement through post-editing jobs. This study focuses on the impact of technology-assisted training on English proficiency among students. It investigates a standard error observed among Iraqi students during the post-editing of machine translations using Google Translate deciding whether to edit the machine translation output or to translate from scratch and understand the source text. This research involved 20 undergraduates from Al-Mustansiriyah University and employed a mixed methods approach, collecting data through an online questionnaire completed by students in the undergraduate translation program. The findings indicate a significant improvement in the frequency of post-editing skills among Iraqi students, serving as a distinguishing factor between the two groups. It also highlighted differences in translation abilities among students in Iraqi higher education, with notable improvements observed in the experimental group. In summary, this study supports previous research from the last five years, indicating a more favourable attitude toward machine translation and suggesting that post-editing is considered an essential sub-competency in translation education.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a multicomponent integrated early childhood development intervention in Siaya County, Kenya
Authors: Kitsao-Wekulo Patricia , Langat Nelson , Onyango Silas Odhiambo , Okelo Kenneth , Nampijja Margaret , Oyugi Beatrice , Obong'o Christopher , Sen Debjeet , Ochuka Dickens Omedo , Frey Matthew , Kadenge Oscar , Engmann Cyril , Richter Linda , Tomlinson Mark , Abubakar Amina , Mwoma Teresa , Kabaka Stewart , Donfouet Hermann Pythagore Pierre , Ilboudo Patrick , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

Responsive care and stimulation between conception and the first two years can promote optimal child growth and development and buffer negative outcomes. The health system, which has a wide reach, provides a crucial starting point for early childhood interventions. We undertook an impact evaluation using a three-armed cluster randomized controlled trial to establish the effectiveness of a health facility-based early childhood development (ECD) intervention in relation to changes in maternal and child outcomes. The study was carried out in Siaya County in Kenya where the Department of Health implemented an innovative integrated ECD intervention. Our main estimation strategy was the analysis of covariance. There was a balance in the sociodemographic characteristics and main outcomes at baseline. At midline, the intervention showed an impact on caregiver and child outcomes. The endline results showed no causal impact of the intervention. Our results have implications on the way interventions in real-life settings should be implemented.
Pluralism in the Mind: Patterns and Predictors of Identifying with Multiple World Religions
Authors: Scheitle Christopher , Corcoran Katie
Published: June 2024

Classic theories of religious pluralism theorized that religions compete for plausibility and acceptance based on the assumption that individuals can only have one religious identity or none. Religious identification in the United States has long been conceptualized as exclusive in nature, and surveys have in turn tended to only allow an individual to identify with a single religion. Recent research has questioned these assumptions, and there are theoretical reasons to expect that some individuals would be more likely to identify with multiple religions. The study presented here utilizes data from a probability survey of U.S. adults in which respondents were allowed to select all the religions with which they identify to test hypotheses concerning patterns of multiple identification. A multinomial logistic regression model finds that childhood exposure to different world religions is positively associated with multiple identification relative to single identification, while religiosity and political conservatism is negatively associated with multiple identification relative to single identification.
Theft Victimization in Urban Settings: Comparison of Tourist and Resident Case Profiles
Authors: Marteache Nerea , Trinidad Alexander
Published: June 2024

The relationship between urban tourism and crime has been well documented, although a focus on the specifics of tourist victimization is lacking. This study explores police-recorded thefts against urban tourists in the city of Barcelona (Spain). We apply Conjunctive Analysis of Case Configurations to a large data sample to uncover victimization case profiles and the context in which crimes are committed. Comparisons to resident victimization reveal that the case profiles most likely to result in a touristbeing the victim of theft have predominantly female, young targets, and occur mostly at restaurants/bars and during the Summer. Future research should examine victimization trends while accounting for time spent in different settings, and compare self-protective behaviors taken by tourists and residents.
What if there were a moratorium on new housebuilding? An exploratory study with London-based housing associations
Authors: Pagani Anna , Macmillan Alex , Savini Federico , Davies Michael , Zimmermann Nici
Published: June 2024

The shortage of social housing is a crucial element of the UK housing crisis. In England, social housing provision significantly relies on market homes construction, with detrimental impacts on residents and the environment. Moratoria are often cited in the degrowth literature as policy tools to break free from growth-driven mechanisms and achieve high levels of well-being while reducing environmental pressures. However, the systemic effects of such a policy on housing and its potential drawbacks are at present understudied. This study explores the extent to which a moratorium on new housebuilding would be effective, desirable, and feasible; for this purpose, it focuses on its impact on the provision of social homes. We used causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to formulate dynamic hypotheses on the effects of a moratorium on the structures underpinning the construction and demolition of social housing estates. In a workshop with four London-based housing associations, we discussed perceived obstacles or opportunities to its uptake. Our CLDs suggest that a moratorium could help to address the growth-dependent mechanisms of social housing provision, with systemic benefits for both tenants and housing associations. However, the workshop revealed that its adoption would depend on whether the maintenance, repair, and retrofit of the existing stock could offset the perceived advantages of new construction (e.g., quality, quantity, adequacy). Through the use of systems thinking tools, our findings support dialogue around alternatives to the growth-dependent paradigm undermining housing provision within planetary boundaries.
The Role of Community Science in Addressing Policy Change: A Critical Review of Air Pollution Literature
Authors: Oscilowicz Emilia , Solís Guadalupe A. , Martinez Laura , Németh Jeremy , Simon Gregory L. , Makarewicz Carrie , Dickinson Katherine , McKenzie Lisa M. , Scandlyn Jean , Erices-Ocampo Paulina , Kinney Patrick , deSouza Priyanka
Published: June 2024

Community air pollution science is widely viewed as a powerful public health and urban planning tool that can empower communities to push for policy change to benefit public health outcomes. A review of 131 studies highlights a bias toward the evaluation of low-cost sensor performance. We draw attention to the 10 studies (10%) that address a research-to-policy gap through distinct theories of change. Recommendations include addressing research gaps such as equitable sensor distribution, expanding focus to the Global South, and establishing engagement with policymakers early on in community science research.
Algerian and Egyptian Acrobats Abroad: History from below and Occidentalist Narratives of Fact Re-narrated
Authors: Abdelaziz Tritha
Published: June 2024

Though hidden in plain sight and aesthetically relegated to the margin of history, Arab acrobats’ accounts in the West are critical terrains that shift the spotlight downwards, signal new versions of the inscription of Otherness and recreate the absent/present agency of acrobats as active interlocutors and “dissenting voices”. They remain valuable archival material that particularly challenges Orientalist orthodoxies and Western clashing tropes; they are undoubtedly alternative discourses of difference that run counter to the binary mainstream trope and the fixed taxonomy of East versus West. The researcher’s particular interest is in the Algerians and Egyptians. The ultimate aim is to show an Occidentalist façade of representing the Western Other. The author argues that these acrobatic experiences formulate a parallel Occidentalist discourse that tries to create a counter-discursive narrative of fact. This is significant in in the building up of an Occidentalist project. It shows how the acrobats have turned into examiners and eyewitnesses from within Western contexts. This article starts from this aporetic question: to what extent do Algerian and Egyptian acrobats recreate their agency and enunciate an alternative façade of Occidentalism? Using a postcolonial micro-historicist approach, this paper aims to undermine both the Orientalist discourse and the Occidentalist thesis based on Hassan Hanafi’s allegiance. Ranging from the itineraries of Abachi troupe to the trajectories of Amin brothers and Ramses groups, this article concludes that the discourse generated is not Orientalism but rather a heterogeneous version of Occidentalism.
Petroglyphs and Social Structure: a new individualistic interpretation of petroglyphs
Authors: Hayward Kristian
Published: June 2024

Former approaches to the interpretations of petroglyphs have interpreted petroglyphs as works of art (Robb, 1973), which are examples of individualistic interpretations. Other approaches have interpreted petroglyphs based on conversations to extract information from elders of the tribes who had connections with the petroglyphs (Sanders, 2017), which are examples of ethnographic interpretations. However, the former approaches have not considered interpreting petroglyphs from a sociological perspective. In this paper, I will consider a new type of individualistic interpretation to petroglyphs by considering the relationships between petroglyphs or rock art and the society, and how the purpose of petroglyphs arises from this relationship as the symbolic expression of the fundamental basis of the society. I will apply sociological theory as well as theory within the field of ritual and symbolism. I will show that petroglyphs are a symbolic form of communicating the structure of the society in that they take the aspects of a society and give each individual aspect a symbolic meaning.
Structural Errors Related to Word Formation among the Second Learners of English: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students of the Department of English and Literary Studies, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki
Authors: NWOKWU FIDELIS A. , CHUKWUOKORO IFEYINWA
Published: June 2024

Structural errors related to word formation among the second learners of English pose serious problems to L2 users of English especially at the undergraduate levels of English Studies. The study aims to find out the structural errors related to word formation inEnglish and consider the pedagogical implications. The Item and Process (I.P.) Analytical theoretical framework is adopted while a descriptive research design method is deployed for the analysis. The finding showed that students have problems withdifferent morphological processes in English as a result of factors such as the inconsistency in the morphological rules, misapplication of some word formation rules, and mother tongue interference. The study, therefore, recommends that teachers of English in this area of study should endeavour to master the in-depth knowledge of these morphological rules and applications to be able to transfer the skills to the second learners of English.
Beyond Proximity: Constructing Organic Neighborhoods Using a Two-Stage Unsupervised Learning Approach
Authors: Ostermann Kerstin
Published: June 2024

Studying the relationship between neighborhoods and individual-level outcomes such as crime, labor market success, or intergenerational mobility has a long history in the social sciences. As local processes such as gentrification or residential mobility constantly change neighborhoods’ composition and spatial expansion, time-constant one-size-fits-all neighborhood measures fail to capture important local dynamics. This paper presents a flexible and data-driven approach for efficiently estimating overlapping and arbitrarily shaped neighborhoods with time-dynamic boundaries. Constructed in a two-stage clustering design, the first stage identifies homogeneous groups within a city (using an automated K-Means algorithm), while the second stage clusters homogeneous groups by spatial proximity (using the HDBSCAN algorithm). In an analysis of 86 million person-year observations from 76 German cities, the paper shows that a larger spatial expansion of neighborhoods with a high socioeconomic status negatively correlates with city crime cases, while higher neighborhood fragmentation and heterogeneity correlate positively with crime rates. The findings stress the importance of flexible neighborhood estimation techniques and the necessity to view neighborhoods as non-constant entities. By modeling contexts as such agentic players, the two-staged algorithm depicts a novel and transparent tool to consider the spatial embeddedness of individuals, firms, or regions in sociological research.
Mobile Wheeled Robot Motion Control with Usage of Geolocation Sensors
Authors: Bezmen P. , Tuladhar D.
Published: June 2024

The authors state mobile robot motion control peculiarities induced by the operation of geolocation sensors. This paper specifies features of geolocation sensors – GPS receiver and electronic compass (magnetometer). The lay of the land and man-made structures are obstacles for GPS signals. The paper describes the precision of the GPS receiver and offers a method that can reduce the probable error of the GPS signal. This method is a program digital filter based on finding GPS data kernel – the most likely mobile robot location, expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. The paper formulates functioning principles of the six-wheeled robot movement automatic control system that uses geolocation sensors data.
Comparison of Measured and Computed Neutron Yield Versus Pressure Curve on NX2 at Different Operating Voltages
Authors: Gautam Prakash , Khanal Raju
Published: June 2024

Numerical experiments are carried out using the Lee model code to compute the neutron yield of NX2 as a function of pressure. Results are compared with the published data (measured) and comparison shows good agreement for maximum neutron yield and for the range of the gas pressure. Measured neutron yield for operating voltage 14.5 kV is larger by factor 2 but operating voltages 10.5 kV and 12.5 kV is larger by more than factor 2.
Surface Modification of Polycarbonate by Atmospheric Pressure Cold Argon/Air Plasma Jet
Authors: Baniya H.B. , Shrestha R. , Shrestha A. , Shrestha S. , Gurung J.P. , Shrestha A.K. , Subedi D.P.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, atmospheric pressure plasma jet and its application for polymer surface modification is reported. Atmospheric pressure plasma jet sustained in Argon/Air mixture has been used to modify the surface properties of polycarbonate (PC). The surface properties of the untreated and plasma treated PC samples were characterized by contact angle measurement with water and glycerol. The contact angles were used to determine the surface energy and its polar and dispersion components. The effect of treatment time, frequency of the applied voltage, distance of the sample from the nozzle on the wettability of the sample was studied. It was found that the contact angle of water in untreated PC sample is 89° while it decreases to 35° after 5 minutes of treatment time. Moreover, it was found that, the best plasma treatment can be obtained with frequency 27 kHz and a distance of 1 cm between surface of samples (PC) and plasma jet's nozzle. Our result showed that atmospheric pressure non thermal plasma can be effectively used to enhance the surface wettability and surface energy of PC.
Slow Focus Mode in Plasma Focus for Fast Plasma Stream Nano-Materials Fabrication: Selection of Energy of Bombarding Particles by Pressure Control
Authors: Lee S. , Saw S. H.
Published: June 2024

As a radiation source, the plasma focus (PF) operates in the time-matched regime (TMR). Maximum energy is pumped into the compression, resulting in large inductive voltages (Vmax), high temperatures, and copious multi-radiations. In this Fast Focus Mode (FFM), targets in front of the anode are subjected to strong bursts of fast ion beams (FIB), post-pinch fast plasma streams (FPS), followed by materials exploded off the anode by relativistic electron beams (REB). In INTI PF in hydrogen, as operational pressure (P) is increased beyond TMR, dynamics slow down, the minimum pinch radius ratio (kmin) increases, Vmax decreases, FIB reduces in energy per ion (U), in beam power (PFIB), and damage factor (DFIB), as operation moves from FFM into Slow Focus Mode (SFM). This pattern is the same for other gases, but for Ar, Kr, and Xe, radiative collapse becomes dominant, past the TMR. As P is increased further, there comes a point (slowest SFM or SSFM) where compression is so weak that the outgoing reflected shock barely reaches the incoming piston. At SSFM, kmin is maximum (typically > twice that at FFM), Vmax, PFIB, and DFIB are low, and we expect a significant reduction in anode boil-offs. However, FPS energy is near its highest. Operation near SSFM reduces FIB damage and anode sputters on-target, allowing the largest area of interaction, primarily with the FPS. The above is surmised from RADPF FIB code. Recent experiments in INTI PF confirm experimental observations (Rawat, private communication 2013) that such high-pressure operations produce a bigger area of more uniform interaction. This should improve the production of nano-materials, e.g., carbon nanotubes on graphite substrate. Operational pressure may be used to select FPS particle energy, enabling control of bombarding particle energy, in the range of tens to hundreds of eV, and thus contribute to making PF materials technology more of a science than the present state-of-the-art.
Chiral Ratio of the Compressional and Shear Velocity for the Determination of Strong Earthquake Magnitudes through High-Frequency Energy Radiation
Authors: Torres-Silva H. , Torres-Cabezas D. , López-Bonilla J. , Tuladhar B.M.
Published: June 2024

In this short paper, we define and determine the connection between an electromagnetic chiral theory and the Hara’s relation (high-frequency energy radiation from the arrival time of a P-wave) under a chiral approach, considering the possibility that gravity breaks parity, with left and right handed gravitons coupling to matter with a different Newton’s constant. We show that this would affect the earth dynamics and induce strong earthquakes. This theory allows us to determine chiral changes on the ratio of the compressional velocity to the shear velocity for the estimation of earthquake magnitudes. Through measurements of high-frequency energy radiation, it is possible to determine the amplitude of strong earthquakes as occurred in Chile and Japan recently. On April 25, 2015, Saturday, a strong local magnitude 7.8 on the Richter scale earthquake hit the west side of Nepal in the area Barpak, Gorkha district, between the capital Kathmandu and tourist town Pokhara. This earthquake was followed by many powerful aftershocks, and an unexpected aftershock of local magnitude 6.8 on the Richter scale hit the east side of Nepal in the area Dolkha on Tuesday, May 12. The earthquakes caused extensive damage to buildings and thousands of deaths and injuries and were even felt in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. No radiation data is obtained from the Nepal earthquake 2015. Our proposed theory can also be applied for this case.
Development of Some Common Fixed Point Theorems in Semi-Metric Space
Authors: Rajopadhyaya U. , Jha K.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this paper is to briefly study the development of some common fixed point theorems in semi-metric space.
Impacts of Long-Term Flood-Induced Sedimentation on Agricultural Land: Case Study of the 2008 Koshi Flood in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Kafle Kumud Raj , Khanal Sanjay Nath , Dahal Ranjan Kumar
Published: June 2024

Flood of August 2008 in eastern lowlands of Nepal affected around 2.64 million people in India and Nepal, including 65,000 people and 700 ha fertile land in Nepal. It was estimated that 20% of land was still barren even in 2016 (eight years after the flood). The long-term effect of flood-fed sedimentation in context of agriculture practices is the focus of this research. Information from questionnaire survey, field measurement and lab analysis are the adapted methods for the assessment. The affected area is divided into four zones with respect to the depths from 0.10 m to 5.0 m. The area where sedimentation thickness is less than 0.5m is in manageable condition within a year and in between 0.5m to 1.5m thickness could not be suitable for traditional crop even after 8 years. The thickness existed more than 2m is not suitable for any crop even after the 8 years because of its long-term impact on cultivation in context of flood-fed sedimentation and recovery. From Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis also indicated that the recovery with vegetation trend is about 10% per year in less than 2m of thick sedimentation zones. Size of sediments and sedimentation thickness are the significant parameters to recover flood-fed sedimentation zone.
Design and Performance Analysis of Institutional Cooking Stove for High Hill Rural Community of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Prabidhi , Adhikari Aashish , Dhital Shree Krishna , Shrestha Bijendra , Dura Hari Bahadur
Published: June 2024

Increasing dependency on the firewood due to increasing population in the rural community of Nepal has resulted in many adverse effects on energy, environment, and human health. Due to the large demand for energy, various technologies have been incorporated into stoves to increase their efficiency and reduce health risks. The paper focuses on the design and fabrication of a durable stove using proper orientation of insulating bricks considering technical, social, and economic factors. A single-pot institutional ICS designed with parameters under the "Nepal Interim Benchmark for the Solid Biomass Cookstove 2016" protocols was fabricated and tested at the Biomass Stove Testing Lab, Kathmandu University, under "No wind condition". A total of 12 bricks along with a mild steel top plate of 3mm and a properly insulated chimney were used to fabricate the stove. Water Boiling Tests (WBT) were conducted under the national stove testing protocol. Thermal efficiency, fuel consumption rate, burning rate, firepower, and turn-down ratio are parameters used to determine the performance of the stove. Thermal efficiency was recorded at 31% using Alnus nepalensis, a fuel, with an average moisture content of 13% on a wet basis. The emission test was carried out using the Indoor Air Pollution Meter (IAP Meter) from Aprovecho Research Center, USA. The test was conducted along with the WBT test following the standard test protocols. The general average PM concentration was found to be 109 µg/m³, and the average CO concentration was 3.6 ppm.
Mathematical Modeling Applied to Burn Injuries
Authors: Devkota Jyoti U. , Saxena V.P.
Published: June 2024

Mathematical Modeling is that branch of Mathematics, which has application in all the fields, ranging from chemical engineering to bio-medical sciences. Here, mathematical modeling has been applied in a biomedical problem. Heat injuries are a common problem of south Asia. Burn injuries are severe cases of heat injuries, which cause serious damage to the skin and body and in severe cases may result in death. We have tried to estimate the extent of burn injuries with the help of mathematical modeling. This study has a great importance as fluctuations in various parameters affecting the burn injuries can be mathematically analyzed. This would help in curing the burn injuries as the extent of burn injuries could be found mathematically.
Effect of Drug Therapy and Risk Involved in Coronary Vascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Case Study
Authors: Bajracharya Omi , Rao B.S. , Khan G.M.
Published: June 2024

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the chronic diseases in the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO) approximately 171 million people worldwide currently on diabetic and that type 2 diabetes accounts to about 90%. This study presents Oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) prescription pattern by the physicians among Out patients of two hospital and risk involved in coronary vascular disease (CVD). 160 patients previously diagnosed with T2DM were included in the study, which involves review of available documents, interviewing the patients, their sex, age, smoking habit, family history, Body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, associated disease, Cardiac complication, total no of drugs used, no of drugs prescribed and lastly risk involved in development of the CVD in T2DM. 55% male and 45% female were assessed and subjects above 50 years were found susceptible to Hyperglycemia. Smoking status were- present smokers were 19.4 %, ex-smokers were 33.8%, and non-smokers were 46.8%; family diabetic history - 41.9% had family history, 48.8% were overweight and 10.6% were obese, 55.6 % had sedentary , 28.8% had active and 15.6% had highly active lifestyle. The different group of OHA used were Sulfonylurea 48.9%, Biguanide 41.3% Meglitinide 6.4% and Thiozolidinedione 3.8%. With each class most frequently used drugs were: (a) Sulfonylurea-Glimipiride in 45 patients Glibenclamide in 26 patients Gliclazide in 31 patients Glipizide in 13 patients. (b) Biguanide--Metformin in 98 patients (c) Meglitinide- Repaginide in 15 patients and (d). Thiozolidinedione--Rosiglitazone in 9 patients. The risk factors related to cardiovascular complication like smoking habit, Body Mass Index and Diabetic associated disease were compared. Combination drugs are more effective in controlling blood glucose than that of monotherapy.
Assessing Water Quality for Ecosystem Health of the Babai River in Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal
Authors: Sharma S. , Allen M. , Courage A. , Hall H. , Koirala S. , Oliver S. , Zimmerman B.
Published: June 2024

Water quality of the Babai River was assessed through surveying the aquatic invertebrate populations. Study was carried out at Royal Bardia National Park to observe the effect of irrigation dam on water quality through observing the aquatic benthic macro invertebrate’s composition and abundance. The Nepalese Biotic Score (NEPBIOS) method has been used for the biological water quality assessment. Different metrics like Shannon-Wiener Generic Diversity, Diversity Index, Community loss, taxa richness, EPT index, Chironomidae taxa, were also used for assessing the level of impact caused by dam on the aquatic ecosystem health. Considerable variability in macro invertebrate assemblages was found among different sites. Many of the data obtained suggested further analysis but provisional interpretation suggests that all four sites investigated showed signs of pollution. Even the reference site, which was to act as a control, had a high-loading of organic content, perhaps due to soil and debris from the previous year’s monsoon and the presence of poison resulting in large-scale death of aquatic life.
Pattern of Antimicrobial Prescription and its Cost Analysis in Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Dawadi Sushma , Rao B.S. , Khan G.M.
Published: June 2024

Many reports from different parts of the world show that antimicrobials are used both widely and often indiscriminately. Indiscriminate usage could increase the cost of therapy, incidence of adverse drug reaction, and increase in the rate of emergence of bacterial resistance. There is evidence to show that antimicrobials are widely used in Nepal. This study relates to the drug prescribed treatment of Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI), which is a cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adults. This problem is important considering climate, geographical and living condition of the people. Out of total 190 patients 20% were diagnosed as having Upper Respiratory tract infection (URTI), 48.43% had Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) and 31.57% as having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. 42.1% were male patients and 57.89% were females. Among the six different antimicrobials prescribed the most commonly used therapeutic group were penicillin’s (47.36%) followed by tetracycline (43.15%), macrolides (4.2%), quinlones (3.1%) and cephalosporins (2.1%) .14.56% of the drug was prescribed using generic name and the remaining 85.43% of the drugs were prescribed using brand name. It was found that the Maximum and minimum price of antimicrobial regimen in two hospitals were same although slight difference in brands available was observed. The cheapest antimicrobial regimen in RTI treatment was Doxycycline, 100 mg once daily for 10 days and the most expensive was cefixime 400 mg for 7 days. The cost of the same drug varied according to the brands.
Influence of Drip-Irrigation Method on Performance and Yields of Cucumber and Tomato
Authors: Bajracharya R.M. , Sharma S.
Published: June 2024

The conservation of water is crucial to sustainable agricultural production in areas of low rainfall or uneven precipitation distribution. Under such circumstances, drip irrigation methods offer a useful option for economic production of vegetable crops. This preliminary study examined the efficacy and performance of two drip irrigation methods on cucumber and tomato crops grown out of season. The initial results of the study indicated surface drip irrigation to give better establishment of the crop and higher yields than sub-surface drip method. Further work is needed, however, to establish the cause-effect relationships and actual viability of sub-surface drip irrigation method.
Study of the Length Frequency Distribution of Sucker Head, Garra gotyla gotyla (Gray, 1830) in Different Rivers and Seasons in Nepal and Its Applications
Authors: Jha Bibhuti Ranjan , Waidbacher Herwig , Subodh Sharma , Straif Michael
Published: June 2024

Size structure data particularly that of length frequency distribution is very important fisheries management tool. This is also applied to assess the health, habitat and integrity of the rivers. Nepal is tremendously rich in both fisheries and water resource and thus, this analysis is very important. However, this kind of analysis is not common in fisheries studies and hence the size structure information of all the fish in Nepal is wanting. This study simply tries to open the door for such studies with the study of the sucker head Garra gotyla gotyla, a very common fish in Nepal. The field observation was done in nine rivers of the country in all the seasons of the 2003 by using electrofishing gear. The length frequency distribution of the river was found to vary both spatially and temporally among rivers and seasons respectively indicating different conditions in different rivers. The study suggested that the beginning of the breeding season should be immediately before monsoon. The rivers Aandhikhola and Tinau were found to possess some of the best distributions of length frequencies of this species and hence have a better habitat conditions and water quality.
Investigation on the Park and People Problems: Special Emphasis on the Impact on Wetland Surrounding Vegetation due to Overgrazing of Livestock in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Anu , Chhetri Rana Bahadur , Khanal Sanjay Nath
Published: June 2024

Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR) is an important wetland area in the floodplain of Sapta Koshi River in the east terai of Nepal. It covers about 150 km2 area. It is decorated by a total of 515 species of plants consisting submerged, floating species as well as grassland/subannah and riverine forest.
The study was carried out to investigate the impact of overgrazing by livestock on the wetlands surrounding vegetation characteristics of KTWR. Surrounding areas of two wetlands, one from inside the reserve named as ‘Station Wetland’ (SW site) and other, in the buffer zone, outside the reserve named as ‘Khanta Wetland’ (KW site) were selected for the study. Station wetland was considered as the reference site where there was minimum grazing, whereas, the Khanta wetland was an overgrazed site. Vegetation study was done using 50 x 50 cm quadrate. In each site, 10 quadrates were thrown randomly. Species density and abundance of the vegetation were compared from both the sites.
23 species of vegetation are recorded at KW site whereas 17 species were recorded SW site. Species density of KW site was 10.7 and that of SW site was 17.5. Common floras were Stellaria sp, Cyperus sp, Lantana sp, Sagina sp, Eurya sp, Erianthus ravenna, Sambucus sp, Cynoden sp, Vertiveria lawsonii, and Polygonum sp. Cyperus sp and Phragmites karka were having the highest density whereas Phragmites karka, Carex sp, Sambucus sp were most abundant in KW site. In SW site Vertiveria lawsonii, Cyperus sp, and Stellaria sp were having higher densities and Rumex nepalensis sp, Lencus sp, Lantana sp. were most abundant species. The relative abundance and density were higher inside the reserve compared to outside. The vegetations found inside the reserve were relatively taller too.
It has been found that grazing is one of the major threats to the wetlands in Koshi Tappu and is a major issue generating conflicts between local people and management of the reserve. In a typical day almost 1000 livestock were recorded grazing around the wetland outside the reserve.
Study of Temperature and Concentration Dependence of Refractive Index of Liquids Using a Novel Technique
Authors: Subedi D.P. , Adhikari D.R. , Joshi U.M. , Poudel H.N. , Niraula B.
Published: June 2024

A simple and reliable method of measuring the refractive index of liquids is reported in the present paper. The technique was employed to study the temperature dependence of refractive index of water (at sodium D-line 589nm). By measuring the refractive index of water at different temperatures, the temperature coefficient of refractive index (dn/dT) was determined. In addition to this, refractive index of different solutions as a function of the concentration was studied. The results were compared with the results obtained from commercial refractometers and it was found that this technique is quite reliable and can be safely used in the study of the optical properties of any transparent liquids.
Coincidence and Common Fixed Point Theorem in Cone Metric
Authors: Badshah V.H. , Choursiya Swati , Gupta Dr. V. K.
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to establish a coincidence and common fixed point theorem for four self maps satisfying a contractive condition in a cone metric space. The intent of this paper is to introduce the concept of compatibility without assuming its normality.
Biobriquetting in Nepal - Scope and Potentials: A Review
Authors: Singh Ramesh M.
Published: June 2024

Nepal still relies heavily on traditional sources of energy for cooking, heating, and livestock feeding. In search for alternatives to fuel wood and utilization of waste biomass, briquetting was introduced in 1982 by the private sector to produce charred rice briquettes and rice husk briquettes in 1987. A close analysis of the situation during the 1980s reveals that the entire briquetting efforts came from the private sector, without any government support in terms of policies, incentives, and motivation. Also, there was no technical backstopping and very little R&D to support briquetting. So because of various techno-economic problems, most of the briquetting industries closed down. The situation in the country after 2010, nearly thirty years later, is entirely different. With the increase in awareness about briquettes as a renewable source of energy, climate change, and global warming issues from fossil fuel use, and the concept of utilizing waste for energy, along with the change in kerosene and briquettes fuel prices, briquettes are slowly emerging as a viable alternative source of energy for cooking and heating. Many briquetting industries are again being established in the private sector. The Nepali experience on briquetting shows that almost all of the biobriquetting technologies have been introduced in the country. R&D institutions have emerged, and research and development activities supporting biomass briquetting are constantly increasing. The assessment of agro-forest waste shows that there is a huge raw material base that can be utilized for briquetting. The technological capability in fabrication, reproduction, repair, and maintenance has been well developed. Many funding, promotional, and R&D organizations are now actively involved in briquetting. The Government through the Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) is formulating policies, plans, and programs, including incentives for the promotion of biobriquetting. With the introduction of proper policies and incentives, biomass briquetting has big potentials and scope for the promotion of biobriquettes in the near future.
En busca de la imaginería y la atmósfera de la obra original en la traducción
Authors: Wilk-Racięska Joanna
Published: June 2024

The author offers an analysis of such a seemingly elusive thing as the description of the atmosphere of the source text in the target text. This task has led, relatively recently, to the formulation of perfunctory and subjective remarks that had nothing, or very little, to do with scientific inquiry, since there existed no specialized linguistic means to create and reproduce the author’s imagery that creates literary atmosphere. However, this publication has managed to avoid this danger thanks to the proposals of cognitive scientists. The starting point is the belief that writers — having only linguistic signs at their disposal — create images that remain fixed before the readers’ eyes. Part I describes the cognitive poetics tools for analyzing a literary work and its translation. Part II, on the other hand, focuses on the application of these “tools” to translations of experienced translators [into English, French, Polish and Russian] and a critical commentary on the result of their work.
Penerapan Strategi Public Relations Melalui Penjualan Tiket Konser Dalam Menjaga Citra Tiket.Com Di Indonesia
Authors: Limarandani Ni Putu , Alvitri Zahra Aurelia , Hidayati Ratih Kurnia , Mardiana Dwi Kristi
Published: June 2024

Public relations has an important role in a company. The existence of public relations helps companies to form a positive image in front of the public. Tiket.Com is an Online Travel Agent (OTA) themed company. Tiket.Com has an innovative product, namely TO DO tickets with a choice of rides, attractions, music concerts, tourist activities, and other travel needs. The spread of business competition with fellow OTA competitors is a challenge for Tiket.Com to improve a positive image. The purpose of this study is to analyze public relations strategies in maintaining the image of Tiket.com companies through ticket sales for music concerts in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative method through interview, observation and documentation techniques using the concept of data analysis used by researchers is the Miles and Huberman model. The result of this study is Tiket.com is an online ticket booking platform that has a public relations division that is responsible for building the company's image through various activities.
Increase Learning Motivation and English Speaking Skills through Cooperative Learning Management with Discovery Learning Model and Buzz-Tapps Technique
Authors: Syaharuddin Syaharuddin
Published: June 2024

Increasing learning motivation and English speaking skills is a major concern in today's learning context. This research explores innovative approaches in the management of cooperative learning by utilizing the Discovery Learning model and Buzz-Tapps technique. This research aims to improve students' learning motivation and English speaking skills. Another goal is to improve students' English speaking skills. Cooperative learning with the Discovery Learning model and Buzz-Tapps technique is designed to strengthen students' ability to communicate effectively in English. With a focus on interaction between students and the use of discovery methods, this learning model seeks to create an environment that arouses student interest and engagement in the learning process. Cooperative learning management, this approach incorporates the principles of cooperative learning management, where students work together in small groups to achieve shared learning goals.  Collaboration between students encourages more active and student-oriented learning.  The Buzz-Tapps technique, in addition, is designed to strengthen communication and speaking skills through structured and focused practice. Through the Discovery Learning model, students are given the opportunity to discover and understand English concepts independently through hands-on experience and exploration. This approach encourages problem-solving, experimentation, and reflection to deepen students' understanding. This study discusses the implementation and impact of this approach in increasing learning motivation and English speaking skills, and provides practical implications for education practitioners.
METHOD OF COMPUTATION THE PARAMETERS OF CARRYING SYSTEMS OF LIFT AND TRANSPORT MACHINES FOR THE AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX
Authors: Shmatko Dmytro , Sasov Alexander , Shmatko Zakhar
Published: June 2024

The conducted theoretical studies consider the most typical calculated cases of dynamic loading of the frames of the load-bearing systems of gantry lifting and transport machines for the agro-industrial complex: movement on the unevenness of the horizontal section of the road; oblique collision with an obstacle; frontal collision with an obstacle. Based on the mathematical model of the dynamic load of the supporting system, a methodology for designing the power elements of the gantry machine has been developed. Taking into account the characteristic modes of movement of the gantry machine, the load dependences of its individual power elements, as well as their groups, were formulated and obtained.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ASYNCHRONOUS MACHINE CURRENT WITH RELAY-VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Kliuiev Oleh , Sadovoi Oleksandr , Sokhina Yuliya , Zhydko Yurii
Published: June 2024

Kalman filters are widely used as observers of the coordinates of electric drives in the case when the measured variables include random disturbances. The extended Kalman filter is perfectly described as part of vector control systems with linear current and speed regulators, when there are noises in the measurement of the variables by means of which this observer is synchronized with the control object. But the work of the Kalman observer together with the relay regulators, when there is no obstacle to the measurement of the input variables, which are most often used as currents, has not yet been investigated. This paper proves the effective operation of the Kalman observer in the relay-vector control system of an asynchronous machine when the stator currents and voltages are measured without interference. This is due to the fact that the currents in the sliding modes of the relay regulators have slight high-frequency pulsations. The paper carried out a statistical analysis of these high-frequency current pulsations and found that they represent a random process with a uniform or normal distribution law. Moreover, when the current regulator operates in the sliding mode, it is possible to consider high-frequency current fluctuations as quasi-white noise. When the speed controller is operating in the sliding mode, the random current process has a decaying cosine correlation function. The dependence of the statistical characteristics of the current on the structure of the switching function of the speed regulator was also revealed. The method of mathematical modeling confirmed that the Kalman filter works effectively even when the random disturbance in the form of current pulsations, which are generated in the sliding mode of the relay regulators, is a correlated random process. The time quantization step for the asymptotic stability of the control system should be insignificant, namely, an order of magnitude smaller than the decay time of the correlation function of the random process of current ripples when operating in the sliding mode of the speed controller.
STATIC MOMENTS AND CURRENTS OF THE CONTOURS OF A SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH A CAPACITIVE ENERGY STORAGE IN THE ASYNCHRONOUS START MODE
Authors: Chugunov David , Nizimov Victor , Kovtun Rostyslav
Published: June 2024

To increase the starting torque of the synchronous motor, either a starting resistor or a capacitive energy storage device is turned on in the excitation winding. This will lead to a redistribution of moments and currents along the circuits of the synchronous motor. Therefore, the task of the work is to determine the component moments and currents along the engine circuits.The calculation of moments and currents is performed according to the substitution scheme according to the developed algorithm.
Calculated static components of moments and currents of circuits of asynchronous start-up of SD. A summary table of extreme moments and contour currents for various schemes for turning the ENE into the excitation winding is given.
estudo sobre os desafios e superações na prática pedagógica em Educação Física no contexto escolar
Authors: Bozoki Karine Silva , Bressan João Carlos Martins , Oliveira Evandro Salvador Alves de
Published: June 2024

Muitos são os desafios que atravessam a profissão docente, pouco se evidenciam suas superações. Este estudo de revisão bibliográfica sistemática objetivou analisar artigos científicos que tratam de experiências didático-pedagógicas em aulas de Educação Física, especialmente aqueles que apresentem a superação dos obstáculos existentes no cotidiano laboral. Para tanto, foram identificadas neste estudo as produções científicas em formato de artigos publicados na plataforma CAPES, evidenciando o que se produziu em um período de dezessete anos (2000-2017). Buscou-se identificar artigos que apresentem os desafios no cotidiano das aulas de Educação Física escolar, mas que apontem soluções aplicáveis para a prática pedagógica. A partir de uma análise baseada na abordagem qualiquantitativa, identificou-se que os desafios atrelados à profissão docente estão relacionados às dificuldades com novas metodologias de ensino, diversificação dos conteúdos e a resistência e/ou desmotivação dos alunos. Em relação às soluções, os estudos apresentaram como possibilidades a formação inicial e continuada, o planejamento, a sistematização e a organização das aulas.
Base Nacional Comum Curricular e (novos) currículos: análise discursivo-crítica acerca dos discursos instaurados sobre e na BNCC
Authors: Freitas Henrique Campos
Published: June 2024

Resumo da dissertação "Base Nacional Comum Curricular e (novos) currículos: análise discursivo-crítica acerca dos discursos instaurados sobre e na BNCC"