bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brigid of Kildare
Authors: McCafferty John
Published: January 2020

St. Brigid is one of three patron saints of Ireland. Venerated for over a millennium as an abbess and ruler, provider of miraculous ale and dairy products, protector of cattle and of people, she has been a constant of Irish folk and religious life. Still referenced by groups as diverse as neopagans, female religious, and abortion rights activists, Brigid has been remolded repeatedly to suit the cultural needs of contemporaries. The arrival of print and the division of western Christendom into Protestant and Catholic confessions created new challenges for those who wanted to remember Brigid. This article delineates the various ways in which her seventh-century hagiography was edited, translated, conflated, and cut in order to render her into a female figure fit for the purposes of a resurgent Tridentine church. The abbess of Kildare was too big to be forgotten yet too culturally awkward to be left unchanged.
The Antiquarian and the Abbess
Authors: Goodrich Jaime
Published: January 2020

This essay considers how two Benedictine writers, Claude Estiennot (1639–1699) and Anne Neville (1605–1689), engaged with the generic conventions of historical writing, specifically the subgenre of monastic history. In an attempt to complicate critical narratives about early modern history, Estiennot and Neville are read through the lens of feminist formalism. A Maurist and antiquarian, Estiennot wrote a chronicle of the Congregation of the English Benedictine Dames that exemplifies the professional revolution in historiography. Neville, in contrast, cultivated the humbler position of an abbess, creating a historical sketch of her congregation that served as both a familial history and a personal aide-mémoire. By considering the different ways that Estiennot and Neville approached the same historical subject, this essay demonstrates that reading prose in terms of its formal qualities can provide new insights into the interrelationship of gender and genre in the early modern period.
The effect of capped biparametric magnetic resonance imaging slots on weekly prostate cancer imaging workload
Authors: Sushentsev Nikita , Caglic Iztok , Sala Evis , Shaida Nadeem , Slough Rhys A , Carmo Bruno , Kozlov Vasily , Gnanapragasam Vincent J. , Barrett Tristan
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To introduce capped biparametric (bp) MRI slots for follow-up imaging of prostate cancer patients enrolled in active surveillance (AS) and evaluate the effect on weekly variation in the number of AS cases and total MRI workload.

Methods:

Three 20 min bpMRI AS slots on two separate days were introduced at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge. The weekly numbers of total prostate MRIs and AS cases recorded 15 months before and after the change (Groups 1 and 2, respectively). An intergroup variation in the weekly scan numbers was assessed using the coefficient of variance (CV) and mean absolute deviation; the Mann–Whitney U test was used for an intergroup comparison of the latter.

Results:

In AS patients, a shift from considerable to moderate variation in weekly scan numbers was observed between the two groups (CV, 51.7 and 26.8%, respectively); mean absolute deviation of AS scans also demonstrated a significant decrease in Group 2 (1.28 vs 2.58 in Group 1; p < 0.001). No significant changes in the variation in total prostate MRIs were observed, despite a 10% increased workload in Group 2.

Conclusion:

A significant reduction in weekly variation of AS cases was demonstrated following the introduction of capped bpMRI slots, which can be used for more accurate long-term planning of MRI workload.

Advances in knowledge:

The paper illustrates the potential of introducing capped AS MRI slots using a bp protocol to reduce weekly variation in demand and allow for optimising workflow, which will be increasingly important as the demands on radiology departments increase worldwide.
Salvage PTBD in post living donor liver transplant patients with biliary complications—a single centre retrospective study
Authors: Mukund Amar , Choudhury Ashok , Das Swati , Pamecha Viniyendra , Sarin Shiv Kumar
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To study the outcome of salvage percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in complex and technically challenging post-liver transplant (LT) biliary complications and analyse the reason for failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Methods and materials:

Hospital data were searched for all LT patients with biliary complications requiring salvage PTBD (upon failure of ERCP) from January 2010 to May 2017. Patients who underwent primary PTBD were excluded. Patients clinical and biochemical parameters were analysed for clinical, biochemical and imaging response, stent-free survival and the reason for ERCP failure.

Results:

Salvage PTBD was performed in 32 patients with post-LT biliary stricture/bile leak presenting with deranged liver function in 12 (37.5%), cholangitis in 12 (37.5%) and cholangitis with cholangitic abscess in remaining 8 (25%) patients. Of 32 patients, 20 (62.5%) already had plastic biliary stent placed by ERCP, while in remaining (n = 12, 37.5%) a wire could not be negotiated across stricture by ERCP. These patients were found to have long/tortuous stricture (n = 18, 56.3%) and multiple duct disconnection at anastomosis (n = 14, 43.7%). Immediate as well as sustained (persisting for a year or more) clinical and biochemical improvement was seen in 26 (81.3%) patients, while failure of resolution of sepsis and death occurred in remaining 6 (18.8%).

Conclusion:

Salvage PTBD is an effective treatment in difficult-to-treat post-LT biliary strictures with deranged liver functions with or without cholangitis/cholangitic abscess. It can reduce graft loss with improved clinical outcome. Post-LT ductal anatomy at anastomosis is important to decide the appropriate approach (ERCP/PTBD).

Advances in knowledge:

(1). PTBD as a salvage procedure in difficult anatomy or upon failure of ERCP-based intervention is effective and a good alternative strategy. (2). Postoperative surgical anatomy (type & length of stricture, number of ductanastomosis, location and graft-recipient duct alignment) is the key factor indeciding the appropriate therapeutic procedure.
Research and Human Rights – Surrogacy and Interference in Human Genome
Authors: Sakellaraki Kalomoira K.
Published: January 2020

The development of biotechnology and life sciences has led to a clash between the endeavor for research and human dignity. Issues have been raised about biotechnological practices, not only for treatment but also for research. Genetic technology refers to the methods that make enable the interference in the structure of the genes that are found in the cell nucleus. The body of all this information is the individual's genome. By mapping the genome, it is now possible to diagnose hereditary diseases and abnormalities that humans might develop after their birth and during their lifetime. Such techniques and investigations lead not only to negative eugenics by the fetus' exclusion due to an abnormality, but to a positive one as well because perfect humans are chosen for implantation. Law, therefore, faces life as damage. Such cases have led to the enactment of a law which stipulates that life deserves/is worth per se, and the recognition of the individual's right not to be born with the value of individual is incompatible. On the contrary, it is argued that neither can the individual submit to a transcendent value of the human genus nor can the individual right to resort to Justice for a health problem that makes life difficult be annulled. Nevertheless, it appears that such a process leads to the hetero-definition of the human species and inevitably to the abasement of human dignity, since the principle of dissimilarity is abolished, and healthy patterns are created. Typical is the case of Recommendation 932 of the Council of Europe, which states that as a person has the right to life and human dignity, so one has the right to unchangeable hereditary features.
Η πολιτική κυριαρχεί και πάλι επάνω στην οικονομία
Authors: Προγούλης Νίκος
Published: January 2020

Για να μπορεί ένα πεδίο να διερευνηθεί επιστημονικά, πρέπει να είναι σε μεγάλο βαθμό αυτόνομο. Τι γίνεται όμως με την οικονομία; μπορεί να διαχωριστεί από την πολιτική;Για πολλούς αιώνες κάτι τέτοιο θεωρείτο αδιανόητο, ωστόσο με την επικρά-τηση του καπιταλισμού γενικεύτηκε η αντίληψη ότι ο διαχωρισμός «κράτους» και «αγοράς» θα είχε βέλτιστα αποτελέσματα τόσο για την οικονομία όσο και για την κοινωνία. Ο Adam Smith, ο θεωρούμενος πρώτος οικονομολόγος, μας διαβεβαίω-σε ότι οι οικονομικοί νόμοι είναι όχι μόνο διαχρονικοί, αλλά και ισχυρότεροι από το εκάστοτε θεσμικό και πολιτικό πλαίσιο, άρα, το οικονομικό πεδίο επιδέχεται επιστημονική διερεύνηση. Κάθε οικονομολόγος στην ουσία συμφωνεί μαζί του, όμως οι Karl Polanyi και Fernand Braudel, από διαφορετική σκοπιά ο καθένας, κάνοντας μια ιστορική αναδρομή του καπιταλισμού διαφωνούν.Στη σύγχρονη εποχή είναι γενικευμένη η αντίληψη ότι ο λεγόμενος «νεοφιλε-λευθερισμός» εκτόπισε τις κρατικές οικονομίες και τις Κεϋνσιανές αντιλήψεις, οι δε πολυεθνικές εταιρείες παρακάμπτουν κάθε είδους κρατικές αρχές, με αποτέλε-σμα να ζούμε σε ένα περιβάλλον όπου η οικονομία κυριαρχεί στην πολιτική. Κό-ντρα σε αυτές τις αντιλήψεις, θα υποστηρίξουμε ότι το σημερινό οικονομικό σύ-στημα αντιμετωπίζει τρομακτικά προβλήματα, βασίζεται απολύτως στην πολιτική για να μπορέσει να διαιωνιστεί και η έκβαση κάθε σοβαρού οικονομικού ανταγω-νισμού, τελικώς, κρίνεται από την πολιτική ισχύ των εμπλεκομένων.
Για μια νέα σύμπραξη της Παιδαγωγικής του Θεάτρου και του Μουσείου
Authors: Παπαδόπουλος Σίμος , Φιλιππουπολίτη Αναστασία
Published: January 2020

Στην παρούσα εργασία επιχειρείται η αποτίμηση της σύμπραξης δυοδιεπιστημονικών πεδίων, της Παιδαγωγικής του Θεάτρου και τηςΜουσειακής Αγωγής. Θεωρώντας ότι το σύγχρονο μουσείο και ηανάγκη να προσελκύσει ένα πιο διευρυμένο κοινό το οδηγούν να αναθεω-ρεί παρόντα μοντέλα εξήγησης και ερμηνείας των συλλογών του, προτεί-νουμε μια δημιουργική προσέγγιση των μουσειακών εκθεμάτων. Ειδικό-τερα, η θεατρική προσέγγιση αποτελεί γόνιμο εκπαιδευτικό περιβάλλονκαι μέσον ενδυνάμωσης της συνάντησης του μουσειακού αντικειμένου καιτων επισκεπτών, τους οποίους εμπλέκει με τρόπο βιωματικό, μέσω θεατρι-κών ρόλων, στην βαθιά κατανόηση του μουσειακού κόσμου, των αιτιωδώνσχέσεων και της συνολικής πραγματικότητας, η οποία βρίσκεται πίσω απότα μουσειακά εκθέματα.
The predicate fabric of abstraction: the hard test of logical inversion
Authors: Papageorgiou Konstantinos G. , Lekkas Demetrios E.
Published: January 2020

The paper starts with an ultra-compact deposition on the two ubiquitouscomplementary dual pairwise organized methodological proceduresof episteme, i.e. the analytic method (analysis – synthesis)& the abstract process (abstraction – structure). Next, the authors examinesome ground rules and concepts pervading causality and inference andtheir junctions, attempting to discriminate between information flow inempiricism and theoretical causality of proof; only then is a connectionbetween them attempted and investigated. In the authors’ effort to establisha consistent theoretical outlook, if not approach, the technique of logicalinversions is also used as a partial yet powerful guide elucidating how successfultheir attempts were. Apart from clarifying some opaque concepts inlogic, in set theory and in the staple empiricism of science, this paper alsosets the stage for questioning whether some grave flaws could be locatedin traditional, save ill-founded, notions in hardcore science, on occasion ofthe par excellence typical example of fundamental and never challenged approaches in physics. The fact that something has been accepted as holdingdoes not at all mean that cracks may not be located in its epistemologicalmakeup at some posterior time. And it is the text’s task here to ask somepainful questions and try to set some realistic boundaries to things by aptlyutilizing available irresistible standard «tricks» from logic and from theclassical scientific method and from reverting to fruitful techniques and totelling examples, pushing hard for convincing answers.
Στοιχεία παραδοσιακής αισθητικής και μουσικολογικά στοιχεία στο αντίστοιχο έργο του Μίκη Θεοδωράκη
Authors: Peristeris Philippos
Published: January 2020

Mikis Theodorakis' songs are an excellent field for exploring the mixing of poetry words with traditional and folk creation. Based on our studies and knowledge of the character, technical and musicological characteristics of these creations these, this paper attempts a reference based on the axes of tradition, ethos (character) and poetry in the traditional songs in relation to with the songs of  Mikis Theodorakis (mostly with that of "Tou nekrou adelfou".
Determinants of prenatal depression among women attending the antenatal clinic at a referral facility in Mombasa County, Kenya: a case control study
Authors: Mirieri Harriet K. , Mweu Marshal M. , Olenja Joyce M.
Published: January 2020

Background: Despite prenatal depression being a public health burden and the major predictor of postnatal depression, it has not received as much attention as postnatal depression in research and policy globally. There is limited evidence on the factors associated with prenatal depression and therefore understanding these factors will inform the design of specific interventions and formulation of guidelines for the effective prevention and control of prenatal depression particularly in high-risk regions.

Methods: A hospital-based case control study design was used to identify the determinants of prenatal depression among 170 women attending an antenatal clinic. Prenatal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on the socio-demographic, social network and family, lifestyle and obstetric characteristics of the participants. All eligible cases were enrolled into the study while a simple random sample of depression-free women attending the antenatal clinic were enrolled as controls. The relationship between the predictors and prenatal depression was evaluated by logistic regression.

Results: In the multivariable analysis, only marital status (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=17.1; 95% confidence interval (CI):4.0-73.0), occupation (aOR=2.4; 95% CI:1.4-4.2), domestic violence (aOR=18.3; 95% CI: 5.7-58.7) and  social support (aOR=0.2; 95% CI:0.05-0.8) were identified as significant determinants of prenatal depression.

Conclusion: Marital status, occupation, domestic violence and lack of social support were the major predictors of prenatal depression in this setting. There is therefore need to implement screening for prenatal depression among pregnant women in health facilities as part of the routine antenatal care package, establish social support networks and spaces to provide an avenue for the prenatally depressed women to meet, share challenges and coping mechanisms and revise the government policy on sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) so as to strengthen efforts towards elimination of all forms of SGBV.
THE STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF ASSESSING THE STATE OF WOODEN STRUCTURES
Authors: Galaeva Svetlana , Nikolenko S. , Sazonova Svetlana
Published: January 2020

The process of evaluating wooden structures, which is gaining great popularity these days, is examined. In view of the fact that the main development of the countryside took place during the Soviet era, by our time, wooden structures of the last century have become unusable and cannot be used for their intended purpose. The results of a visual examination of wooden structures of the feldsher-midwife station located in s. Lopatino, Saratov region. All wooden structures of the object were examined, measurements of the found damages were made. During the examination, a visual method with photo fixation was used. The analysis of the terrain in which the object is located, in order to more accurately obtain the result of the origin of the identified damage. The types of studies considered, as well as their assessment, can be used for surveys of other buildings with similar structural damage. The conducted studies will help to be used as one of the options for technical solutions necessary for the reconstruction of the facility.
ANALYSIS OF RISC PROCESSOR BLOCK DESIGN WITH REGARD TO FAULT TOLERANCE
Authors: Zolnikov Vladimir , Yagodkin A. , Antsiferova V. , Evdokimova Svetlana , Skvortsova Tatyana , Yankov A.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of RISC-processor blocks for fault tolerance, which was carried out on the example of the 1890vm2t processor. the paper describes the block diagram of this processor and the methodology for evaluating the fault tolerance of the multiplication-division module MDUnit. The evaluation of the failure tolerance and the dependences of the values share about the results and formulated requirements to architecture functional blocks.
THE PROCESS OF THERMAL IMAGING INSPECTION OF BUILDING ENVELOPES
Authors: Ignatyuk Aleksandr , Nikolenko S. , Sazonova Svetlana
Published: January 2020

The paper analyzes and develops proposals to improve the energy efficiency of the building of MBOU «Lyceum No. 65» in Voronezh. The energy survey was carried out in order to comply with the requirements of Article 13 of Federal Law of November 23, 2010 No. 261-ФЗ «On Energy Saving and on Improving Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation». The survey was carried out using a Testo 881-2 thermal imager, a digital thermometer Testo 905-T2, a meter of heat flux density and ITP temperature - MG4.03 / 5 (I) «Potok».
The Legislative Process: The Rise of the New Order in Congress
Authors: Ginsberg Benjamin , Hill Kathryn Wagner
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the legislative process, paying particular attention to the role of congressional leaders and the changing impact of party and partisanship. It argues that a “new order” has evolved in Congress. The new order reduces the power of the congressional committees and undermines deliberation, but it can still produce legislation, especially when Congress and the president are of the same party. The new order consists of three key elements, which are discussed in this chapter: “follow-the-leader” lawmaking, “do-it-yourself” (DIY) legislating, and “catching-the-omnibus” budgeting. The chapter also looks in detail at one very important part of the legislative process—the budget and appropriations process through which Congress exercises its constitutional “power of the purse.”
A Parting of the Ways
Authors: Rahe Paul A.
Published: January 2020

This chapter recalls the series of events which led to the breakup of the Athenian–Spartan alliance. It begins with an earthquake and the rebellion of Sparta's helots (slaves), for which the Spartans had appealed to their allies—among them the Athenians—for help. After all, the friendship between the two powers had made possible the Hellenic victory in the Persian Wars and opened the way for the emergence of Athens' maritime hegemony in the aftermath. However, circumstances had changed dramatically as a consequence of these devastating events. At least for the time being, Athens no longer needed Sparta's forbearance. Moreover, as a consequence of the promise that the Lacedaemonians had made to the Thasians and of the breach with Sparta that the Athenians had initiated in the aftermath of Cimon's return from Messenia, a great strategic rivalry soon began, and, as everyone understood, active warfare would ensue not long after.
The Gospels, Mythography, and Historiography
Authors: Litwa M. David
Published: January 2020

The introduction defines the ancient sense of myth, explains the ancient cultural value attached to historiographical discourse, outlines historiographical tropes, defines the category of mythic historiography, and creatively applies that category to the canonical gospels.
Incarnation
Authors: Litwa M. David
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses the enfleshment of particular deities in historiographical discourse and compares it with the incarnation of Jesus in the gospels. The comparison begins with Hermes the Logos incarnated as Caesar Augustus. It turns to focus on Pythagoras, thought to be an incarnation of the god Apollo. The revelation of Pythagoras’s divinity is especially analogous to the stories of transfiguration in the Synoptic gospels.
The Myth of Historicity
Authors: Litwa M. David
Published: January 2020

Despite the demonstrated historiographical tropes of the gospels, today they are perceived to convey a bevy of myths. Myths can still be true despite being unhistorical. Sometimes Christian apologists defend the historicity of gospel myths to uphold their truth value. This is a modern technique of rationalization, the attempt to update Christian myths by making them seem more plausible. In reality, historicality does not demonstrate truth. So to study Jesus seriously, less investment in the so-called historical Jesus and increased attention to the mythological Jesus is a desideratum. Only by integrating gospel studies into myth studies can the former find a place in Humanities programs of modern public universities.
The Electoral College and Political Equality
Authors: Edwards George C.
Published: January 2020

This chapter argues that the electoral college does not provide a straightforward process for selecting the president. Instead, the process can be extraordinarily complex and has the potential to undo the people's will at many points in the long journey from the selection of electors to counting their votes in Congress. Congress may find it difficult to choose justly between competing slates of electors. It is even possible, although highly unlikely, that a state legislature could take the choice of the electors away from the people altogether. Yet the chapter contends that the electoral college poses an even more fundamental threat to American democracy, by violating political equality.
Maintaining Cohesion
Authors: Edwards George C.
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers another set of justifications about the electoral college—this time based on maintaining the harmony and cohesion of the Republic. Instead of emphasizing what the electoral college does for the country, advocates call attention to alleged harm that alternative methods of presidential selection, especially direct election, would cause the nation. To begin, defenders of the electoral college charge that direct election of the president would encourage electoral fraud and vote recounts, sow national disharmony, and deny the president a mandate for governing. Most supporters of the electoral college also maintain that it is an essential bulwark of federalism and that electing the president directly would undermine the entire federal system. The chapter thus examines these charges and explores whether the electoral college actually has the benefits its advocates claim for it.
Conclusion
Authors: Edwards George C.
Published: January 2020

This chapter summarizes the findings of the previous chapters and concludes that electoral colleges violate political equality. It argues that the electoral college system is obsolete. The United States is now the only country that elects a politically powerful president via an electoral college and the only one in which a candidate can become president without having obtained the highest number of votes in the sole or final round of popular voting. The chapter indicates that recent reforms in democratic countries have replaced indirect procedures with direct popular voting. In this light, the chapter offers alternatives to the electoral college and considers some prospects for change.
Stress Analysis by Two Cuboid Isoparametric Elements
Authors: Rezaiee-Pajand Mohammad , Karimipour Arash
Published: January 2020

The finite element method is a powerful tool for solving most of the structural problems. This technique has been used extensively, since the complexity of the elastic field equations does not allow the specialist to find analytical solutions, especially for the three-dimensional structures. It is well-known that the finite element formulation yields the approximate stress responses. To remedy this defect, the Airy stress function is utilized in this study. The stress function formulation leads to a valid solution since it satisfies equilibrium and compatibility equations simultaneously. Two cuboid isoparametric elements are formulated for solving three-dimensional elastic structures. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed technique, various benchmark problems are analyzed. The errors between the exact, displacement-based finite element and recommended scheme solution are also calculated. All the obtained outcomes show the good merit of the presented new elements.
Numerical Solution of MHD Incompressible Convection Flow in Channels
Authors: Gürbüz Merve , Tezer-Sezgin Münevver
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study numerically the influence of the magnetic field, buoyancy force and viscous dissipation on the convective flow and temperature of the fluid in a square cavity, lid-driven cavity, and lid-driven cavity with an obstacle at the center. The continuity, momentum and energy equations are coupled including buoyancy and magnetic forces, and energy equation contains Joule heating and viscous dissipation. The equations are solved in terms of stream function, vorticity and temperature by using polynomial radial basis function (RBF) approximation for the inhomogeneity and particular solution. The numerical solutions are obtained for several values of Grashof number (Gr), Hartmann number (M) for fixed Prandtl number Pr = 0:71 and fixed Reynolds number Re = 100 with or without viscous dissipation. It is observed that in the absence of obstacle, viscous dissipation changes the symmetry of the isotherms, and the dominance of buoyancy force increases with an increase in Gr, whereas decreases when the intensity of magnetic field increases. The obstacle in the lid-driven cavity causes a secondary flow on its left part. The effect of moving lid is weakened on the flow and isotherms especially for large Gr when the cavity contains obstacle.
Mapping voluntary sector services for hidden or hard-to-reach populations: challenges and practice-based lessons for future research
Authors: Walker Emma J. , Waterhouse-Bradley Bethany , Armour Cherie
Published: January 2020

Mapping the availability of voluntary services to a niche, potentially ‘hidden’ population can be a complex endeavour. This practice paper focuses on a mapping study of military-based voluntary organisations in Northern Ireland, discusses the practical challenges involved, suggests improvements to existing research practice and offers methodological guidance for others who are considering undertaking a scoping review with organisations dedicated to hidden and/or hard-to-reach populations.
Application of deep learning in quantitative analysis of the infrared spectrum of logging gas
Authors: Song Limei , Wu Hao , Yang Yangang , Guo Qinghua , Li Jinyi
Published: January 2020

Infrared spectrum analysis technology can perform fast and nondestructive detection of gas and has been widely used in many fields. This work studies the quantitative analysis technology of the infrared spectrum based on deep learning. The experimental results show that the quantitative analysis model of logging gas established here can reach 100% recognition accuracy for elemental gas; further, the accuracy rate of spectral of mixed gas recognition reached 98%, indicating that the infrared spectrum logging gas detection model based on deep learning can quickly and accurately perform quantitative analysis of logging gas.
Focus properties of cosh-Gaussian beams with the power-exponent-phase vortex
Authors: Li Jinsong , Sun Pengjie , Ma Hongjie , Zhou Shenghua
Published: January 2020

Vector diffraction theory is used to investigate the focusing properties of cosh-Gaussian beams with the power-exponent-phase vortex. The effects of the decentered parameter, the power order, and the topological charge on the normalized intensity distribution are examined. Results show that intensity distribution in the focal region can be altered significantly by the topological charge, the power order, and the decentered parameter. The pattern of the optical intensity slowly enlarges with the increase of topological charge. The strongest intensity part of the annulus rotates by the changing topological charge. As the power order increases, the intensity distribution is more concentrated. As the decentered parameter increases, there occur multiple relatively strong intensity peaks, and the entire focus pattern extends outward. Some optical gradient force distributions are investigated to illuminate the applications of these alterable foci patterns.
Robust optical frequency dissemination with a dual-polarization coherent receiver
Authors: Clivati Cecilia , Savio Paolo , Abrate Silvio , Curri Vittorio , Gaudino Roberto , Pizzocaro Marco , Calonico Davide
Published: January 2020

Frequency dissemination over optical fiber links relies on measuring the phase of fiber-delivered lasers. Phase is extracted from optical beatnotes and the detection fails in case of beatnotes fading due to polarization changes, which strongly limit the reliability and robustness of the dissemination chain. We propose a new method that overcomes this issue, based on a dual-polarization coherent receiver and a dedicated signal processing that we developed on a field programmable gated array. Our method allowed analysis of polarization-induced phase noise from a theoretical and experimental point of view and endless tracking of the optical phase. This removes a major obstacle in the use of optical links for those physics experiments where long measurement times and high reliability are required.
Vectorial pupil optimization to compensate polarization distortion in immersion lithography system
Authors: Li Tie , Liu Yang , Sun Yiyu , Yan Xu , Wei Pengzhi , Li Yanqiu
Published: January 2020

Polarization distortion innately exists in hyper numerical aperture immersion lithography system. Polarization distortion, mainly including polarization aberration (PA) of lithography projection optics and thick mask induced polarization distortion, would seriously impact on lithography imaging quality. Some computational lithography technologies, such as robust optical proximity correction and robust source and mask optimization, have been introduced and developed to reduce the impact of polarization distortion on lithography imaging. In this paper, we innovate a vectorial pupil optimization (VPO) method to further extend degrees of freedom for pupil optimization and compensate polarization distortion for immersion lithography system. An analytical relationship between lithography imaging and active vectorial pupil, and the gradient-based algorithm is adopted to effectively solve VPO. Extensive simulations demonstrate the VPO method simultaneously compensate the PA of projection optics and the thick mask induced polarization distortion sufficiently. Based on PA-aware source mask optimization, the VPO method can further reduce the impact of polarization distortion on lithography imaging. Compared to current pupil wavefront optimization, the proposed VPO effectively reduces the pattern error by 37.2%, which demonstrates the VPO method can improve lithography pattern fidelity.
Pixel hopping enables fast STED nanoscopy at low light dose
Authors: Vinçon Britta , Geisler Claudia , Egner Alexander
Published: January 2020

The achievable image quality in fluorescence microscopy and nanoscopy is usually limited by photobleaching. Reducing the light dose imposed on the sample is thus a challenge for all these imaging techniques. Various approaches like CLEM, RESCue, MINFIELD, DyMIN and smart RESOLFT have been presented in the last years and have proven to significantly reduce the required light dose in diffraction-limited as well as super-resolution imaging, thus resulting in less photobleaching and phototoxicity. None of these methods has so far been able to transfer the light dose reduction into a faster recording at pixel dwell times of a few ten microseconds. By implementing a scan system with low latency and large field of view we could directly convert the light dose reduction of RESCue into a shorter acquisition time for STED nanoscopy. In this way, FastRESCue speeds up the acquisition locally up to 10-fold and allows overall for a 5 times faster acquisition at only 20% of the light dose in biological samples.
Long-term stable optical cavity for special relativity tests in space: erratum
Authors: Sanjuan Josep , Abich Klaus , Gohlke Martin , Resch Andreas , Schuldt Thilo , Wegehaupt Timm , Barwood Geoffrey P. , Gill Patrick , Braxmaier Claus
Published: January 2020

We incorrectly cited a maximum acceleration sensitivity of the rigidly-mounted cavity of 2.5 × 10−10 1/(m s−2). The correct coupling factor is a factor of 100 smaller: 2.5 × 10−12 1/(m s−2).
Conical refraction mode of an optical resonator
Authors: Loiko Yu. V. , Turpin A. , Sokolovskii G. S. , Rafailov E. U.
Published: January 2020

The fundamental mode of a conical refraction resonator, i.e., an optical cavity where light experiences conical refraction (CR) from a biaxial crystal, is experimentally demonstrated in the plano-concave cavity configuration. We have discovered that the fundamental CR mode is characterized by the polarization and intensity structures of CR beams between the plane mirror and CR crystal, and it resembles the fundamental Gaussian mode with homogeneous polarization between the crystal and concave mirror. We theoretically explained this fundamental CR mode using the dual cone model and symmetry of the CR phenomenon and confirmed this explanation by numerical simulations.
Multimode Fano resonances for low-power mode switching
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Cao Xiaoping , Wang Jian
Published: January 2020

Intensive research in photonics has discovered many original and fascinating optical phenomena associated with the physics of Fano resonances. Here we extend the research of Fano resonance to on-chip multiple modes and high-order mode, which can be called multimode Fano resonance. By exploiting both wavelength and mode degrees of freedom, we demonstrate a compact structure to engineer wavelength- and shape-controlled multimode Fano resonances on an integrated photonic platform. Both simulated and experimental results indicate that the unambiguous asymmetric spectra line shapes for both transverse electric modes (

T
E

0

and

T
E

1

) can be further applied to low-power mode switching. The demonstrated on-chip multimode Fano resonances scheme may provide a new perspective for exploring the advantages and applications of multimode Fano resonances in integrated photonics.
Optimization of selectively-transparent polymer layers for flexible photovoltaics
Authors: Sibiński M. , Sosna-Głębska A. , Szczecińska N. , Znajdek K.
Published: January 2020

In this paper the concept of new selectively transparent polymer layer, dedicated for improvement of innovative solar cell structure efficiency is presented. Various polymer materials differing in optical, mechanical and thermal properties are being considered. The texturisation of the front surface is proposed in order to assure difference in the transmission of radiation coming from both sides towards higher solar conversion efficiency. The theoretical approach is verified by the measurements. The fabrication process of different texturisation patterns on polymer foil using novel laser ablation method is described and the preliminary results are presented.
Going online to be a lesbian: AfterEllen, Vice Versa, The Ladder and queer (?) theorizing in discursive spaces
Authors: Rush Josie
Published: January 2020

By constructing a lineage of mediated discourse in which queer women theorize their spaces and identities, this article argues for the significant place of communication technologies as venues for queer women’s theoretical discussions. Specifically, it analyses content from AfterEllen,
a website devoted to popular culture and media for lesbian and bisexual women, connecting the site to two twentieth-century lesbian periodicals, Vice Versa and The Ladder, ultimately arguing for a conception of the discourse produced in these spaces as a type of proto-queer theory. In each
space, queer women reject the fictive wholeness proffered by systems of heteronormativity through their critiques of mainstream society and cultivation of representation and community. However, this article also analyses the dangers of theory, as spaces like AfterEllen theorize a lesbian subjectivity
that denigrates and dismisses trans lesbians. Utilizing convergence theory, this article additionally argues that heralding the web as the first liberating space of its kind for LGBT individuals obfuscates a rich history of investment in and dependence on communication networks for identity
and community formation.
Soil degradation in Central Rif mountains area in northern Morocco: aspects of losses and failure of development programs
Authors: El Motaki Hanifa , El-Fengour Abdelhak , El Bouzidi Aissa
Published: January 2020

In the Rif region in northern Morocco, the degradation of the environment exposes the soil to aggressive erosion agents, especially in the Mediterranean climate in which the evacuation of 2000 tons of soil per km2 per year is a basic average. In these difficult environments is necessary to manage the resource effectively by anticipation the situations of dry and wet years. Several development programs have been carried out in the Rif zone since 1960s and the problem persists, especially with the arrival of the new agriculture of Cannabis (Drug) in 1995 in the southern part of the study area which is characterized by its precarious environmental balance. This paper aims to examine the aspects of soil degradation and analyse the failure factors of the management programs and projects have been conducted by several national and international stakeholders including EU and UN.
Programas y títulos conjuntos en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior
Authors: Delgado Luis
Published: January 2020

Los programas y titulaciones transnacionales conjuntos son un elemento esencial tanto para la internacionalización de las universidades como para el desarrollo del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), al facilitar la movilidad de estudiantes y profesores y la cooperación internacional de las instituciones participantes. Sin embargo, su desarrollo e implantación práctica se ve dificultada por las distintas regulaciones nacionales sobre el aseguramiento de la calidad de los programas y reconocimiento de las titulaciones otorgadas. De hecho, los programas conjuntos constituyen una paradoja del proceso de Bolonia al ser programas y cualificaciones transnacionales que se desarrollan, aseguran la calidad y son reconocidas en diferentes contextos nacionales. En este trabajo se discuten y analizan los antecedentes y situación actual de los proyectos y actividades y las recomendaciones ministeriales sobre los programas conjuntos en el EEES, tales como los proyectos Erasmus Mundus y el Enfoque Europeo sobre el Aseguramiento de la Calidad de los Programas Conjuntos aprobado por la Conferencia Ministerial de 2015 del EEES con la recomendación de acreditación única de los programas y reconocimiento múltiple de las titulaciones. Como resultado se proponen unas recomendaciones sobre aspectos prácticos de los programas y titulaciones conjuntos que permitan facilitar su desarrollo a nivel de implantación práctica, proceso de evaluación, reconocimiento de las decisiones de evaluación, reconocimiento de las titulaciones otorgadas y terminología.
Las TIC y la creación de una ciudadanía crítica e-digital
Authors: Cabero-Almenara Julio , Torres-Barzabal Luisa , Hermosilla-Rodríguez José Manuel
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo presenta una revisión y reflexión teórica acerca del cambio en el concepto de ciudadanía y su ejercicio en la sociedad digital. Se ha analizado la influencia de las TIC en el empoderamiento y participación de la ciudadanía. Estas han permitido la creación de una democracia social digital, entendida como la posibilidad de potenciar la participación colectiva en la toma de decisiones. El ejercicio de la ciudadanía digital crítica hace necesaria una formación, no sólo en aspectos tecnológicos, sino también una adecuada formación cultural y política que permita participar maduramente en el nuevo entramado mediático sociológico. Concluye el trabajo con la propuesta de una serie de medidas para favorecer esta e-ciudadanía crítica: el desarrollo de una adecuada competencia digital y formación para la ciudadanía, estableciendo para ello un plan de acción en educación formal y no formal.
Diseño colaborativo e implementación de herramientas digitales en educación como parte de programas a nivel nacional en un sistema educativo descentralizado
Authors: Lavonen Jari , Villalba-Condori Klinge Orlando
Published: January 2020

Una característica interesante de la política educativa finlandesa es el diseño colaborativo de estrategias nacionales y locales, programas de desarrollo y planes de estudio. La planificación de estrategias, programas y planes de estudio generalmente comienza con el reconocimiento de los desafíos y necesidades a nivel de aula, escuela y municipio. Posteriormente, estos programas se planifican a través de una asociación de colaboración entre el sindicato de docentes, el Ministerio de Educación, las universidades y los proveedores de educación, típicamente los municipios y varios otros interesados. Los objetivos generales se acuerdan por consenso y estos objetivos se discuten a nivel local, se modifican y se implementan en contextos locales. Después de acordar los objetivos, los recursos de los presupuestos estatales y municipales se ponen a disposición para la prueba piloto y la implementación de los objetivos. En este artículo se presentan y discuten en detalle tres programas y planes de estudio actuales. Los programas de desarrollo introducidos se diseñaron en el Foro de Educación Básica y en el Foro de Educación de Profesores de Finlandia. Además, se introduce y analiza la preparación del Plan de Estudios Básico Nacional para la Educación Básica. Finalmente, se analiza el uso de herramientas y entornos digitales en educación como parte de la preparación y ejecución de los programas y planes de estudio.
Una revisión de los celos románticos en las personas casadas en términos de educación familiar
Authors: öneri Uzun Gizem
Published: January 2020

La familia es una institución, un grupo social o incluso un subsistema social, y el matrimonio es un contrato para que mujeres y hombres compartan la vida. El matrimonio es un paso esencial en la vida humana. Es una institución social universalmente aceptada y una de las instituciones más antiguas de la historia de la humanidad. Cuando se analiza el sentimiento de los celos en el matrimonio, se halla que es una de las principales razones de la disonancia y el descontento de los miembros de la pareja. Se puede decir que sentimientos tales como el miedo, la ira, la inseguridad o la frialdad emocional pueden afectar negativamente a la calidad de la relación. A diferencia de situaciones como la desconfianza, el miedo, la apatía y la inutilidad, una relación sana incluye emociones como la confianza, la relevancia y el sentimiento de valor. Por tanto, se espera que los celos de los individuos que tienen un apego saludable en la relación estén en niveles bajos. El tema de los celos ‘románticos’ es crítico y de actualidad en los individuos casados. Se pueden  realizar estudios sobre la unidad y la solidaridad en la familia y sobre el reparto de las responsabilidades en la familia. El objetivo principal de la educación familiar es evitar que surjan problemas. Las familias pueden recibir capacitación sobre los temas fundamentales que pueden causar problemas en la vida familiar, de modo que tengan el conocimiento y las habilidades para ayudarlas a superar estos problemas.
Química en Contexto para estudiantes de ingeniería en la UCT: Transformación de una villana en princesa
Authors: Fritz Aida Concha , Schiappacasse L. Nicolás , Turra Chico Héctor Turra , Villanueva María Teresa
Published: January 2020

La Universidad Católica de Temuco (Araucanía, Chile) ha experimentado fuertes cambios en los años recientes: hoy, ingresan a ella jóvenes con un bajo capital académico, que, además, son “nativos digitales”. En este escenario, en pos de generar aprendizajes significativos en sus estudiantes, los docentes han debido implementar metodologías de aprendizaje activo con uso de las TIC. Este fue el caso de los profesores que imparten “Química en Contexto” a estudiantes de ingeniería. El año 2013 decidieron hacer una transformación de la asignatura, implementando Flipped Classroom para el trabajo en aula e indagación guiada para el trabajo de laboratorio. Este artículo explica cómo fue implementada la transformación y presenta un análisis comparado de los resultados, en el que se contrasta el desempeño de los estudiantes (basado en notas) en los períodos anterior y posterior. Con la transformación, la tasa de aprobación se duplicó y la tasa de deserción disminuyó sistemáticamente desde un 40% (en 2014) a un 17% (en 2017). En general, hubo una mejora de los resultados en los diferentes tipos de evaluaciones. La mejora más importante se observó en el trabajo de laboratorio, aun cuando el nivel de exigencia fue mayor, lo que se atribuyó a los siguientes hechos: (i) con la metodología indagación guiada, los estudiantes construyeron sus propios aprendizajes; (ii) la nota de laboratorio tuvo mayor peso en la nota final; y (iii) los estudiantes no tenían la posibilidad de no hacer, pues esto implicaba reprobación inmediata. Se constató que una implementación exitosa de Flipped Classroom depende de que el estudiante dé una máxima valoración al trabajo autónomo y actúe en consecuencia.
Juegos de rol para la enseñanza de las matemáticas
Authors: Morales Carbajal Ricardo , Villa Angulo Carlos
Published: January 2020

En la actualidad, las escuelas de niveles básicos, así como las universidades, tienen problemas para motivar a los estudiantes a aprender matemáticas.Con la intención de combatir el desinterés de los estudiantes por el aprendizaje de las matemáticas dentro de los primeros semestres de educación superior, se creó una metodología llamada Adventure School. Esta metodología emplea actividades lúdicas basadas en el sistema de juegos de rol y hace atractivo el proceso de aprendizaje hacia las matemáticas; además, fomenta la motivación, participación y creatividad estudiantil.En la metodología de Adventure School los estudiantes escogen una “profesión” y forman una especie de fraternidad llamada “clan” que les da un beneficio durante el curso académico. Posteriormente los estudiantes trabajan en equipo resolviendo situaciones ficticias, establecidas por el profesor, donde se involucran ciertos temas del área de matemáticas. Conforme los estudiantes avanzan en la resolución de las situaciones ficticias, los estudiantes obtienen “puntos de experiencia” que les sirven para incrementar el beneficio de su profesión (aplicación de sistema de recompensas basado en la teoría del juego) hasta que llegan al nivel legendario, y entonces, pueden anexar otra profesión a su personaje. Desde hace más de cinco años se ha implementado esta metodología, obteniendo una respuesta positiva por parte de los estudiantes, logrando incrementar la participación en equipos y la socialización entre los estudiantes.La metodología de Adventure School está diseñada para trabajar en al área de matemáticas, pero con algunos ajustes, puede ser adaptada con facilidad a cualquier otra área de conocimiento.