bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing sensitivity of the energy metabolism in the tissues of the heart, liver, kidney, and blood lymphocytes in rats to the effect of local vibration and pharmacological protection by a succinate-containing antihypoxanth
Authors: Vorobyova Viktoriya V. , Levchenkova Olga S. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Modern technological processes that generate ultra- and infrasound, electromagnetic, vibration-noise radiation significantly exceed the background effects and inevitably create an unfavorable technogenic load on the human body. A special place is occupied by vibration, primarily associated with such professional groups as mining enterprises, gold and diamond processing plants, aircraft plants, thermal power plants and hydroelectric power plants, and aluminum industry enterprises. Vibration exposure leads to a number of biochemical disorders in the homeostasis system. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are among the leading elements in the hierarchy of pathogenesis of many pathological syndromes and diseases. The aim of the study was an experimental analysis of tissue-specific features of the myocardium, kidneys, liver energy production system activity as well as the enzyme status of rat lymphocytes in relation to the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) on the background of 7 episodes of local vibration with a frequency of 27-30 Hz for 90 minutes daily before and after protection with succinate-containing antihypoxant "Yantar-cardio" at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Materials and methods. The study of the energy-dependent reactions of the native mitochondria of the organs was carried out by the polarographic method using a closed Clark-type membrane electrode. The activity of SDH of rat blood lymphocytes was studied by a modified method of quantitative cytochemical analysis. Results. Functional rearrangement in the respiratory chain (RC) of the mitochondria confirmed the NAD-dependent site's inhibition and activation of the oxidation system of endogenous succinic acid, most pronounced in the myocardial tissue. On the vibration background, the specific SDH activity of lymphocytes (Q) significantly increased by 52%, and the variability (V) - by three times. The use of "Yantar-cardio" limited the growth rate of endogenous respiration of the most significant in the heart (70%, p<0.05), restored oxidative and conjugating activity NAD-dependent link of RC, improve the structure and condition of the cell population of lymphocytes based on their energy status and warned the mismatch of the leading parameters of the population variability of the cellular pool of blood lymphocytes in experimental animals. Conclusions. The intensity of vibration-mediated bioenergetic hypoxia in the form of inhibition of the NAD-dependent link of the respiratory chain and activation of the endogenous succinic acid oxidation system is tissue-specific and is most pronounced in the myocardial tissue. The succinic acid oxidation system is highly sensitive to vibration effects and a pharmacological drug that supports the function of RC under conditions of the stress of the homeostatic functions of tissues involved in the pathological process.
The duration of labor activity of workers in the production of phthalic anhydride and the imbalance of cellular immunity indicators
Authors: Dianova Dina G. , Dolgikh Oleg V.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The phthalic anhydride, which widely used in chemical industry in conditions of chronic ingestion, chronically leads to a disadaptation of immunity, which is a risk factor in the formation of associated production related pathology. The aim of the work is to study the subpopulation profile of lymphocytes and cytokine status in workers engaged in the production of phthalic anhydride with their work experience. Materials and methods. The observation group, totally 68 men, consisted of employees working at the main phthalic anhydride production facility. The workers of the observation group were divided into two subgroups with their work experience at the enterprise: 44 persons with 0 to 10 years of work experience and 24 persons with more than 10 years of work experience. The comparison group - 40 men who had no professional contact with harmful production factors. The chemical-analytical, cytofluorimetric, immunoenzyme methods use during the study. Results. The workers being exposed to phthalic anhydride with up to 10 and more than 10 years of work experience at the enterprise have a phthalic acid content in their blood that is 2.3 and 3.3 times higher, respectively than related to persons who are not in contact with the analyzed harmful production factor (p=0.002-0.033). It was found that longtime workers, engaged in the production of phthalic anhydride, manifested the immune response cellular link dysfunction. Workers employed in the main production of phthalic anhydride with more than 10 years of work experience revealed a prevalence of activation processes (according to CD25+ criterion), inhibition of cytotoxic cell-mediated response (according to CD3+CD16+CD56+ criterion), gyperexpression of Th2-cytokines (according to criterion IL4) relative to values obtained from workers of the production with less than 10 years of work experience in hazardous production conditions (p=0.002-0.033). Conclusions. The duration of employment of the workers, contacting with excessive concentrations of phthalic anhydride in workplace air, contributes to negative dynamics in the imbalance between T-cells and cytokine products. The dynamic monitoring of immunoregulatory indicators in workers occupied in the production of phthalic anhydride will contribute to just-in-time revealing of the immune system violations in order to reduce the risks of formation of associated production-related pathology induced by the chemical production factors.
The expression profile of miR-3099 during neural development of Ts1Cje mouse model of Down syndrome
Authors: Zainal Abidin Shahidee , Lee Han-Chung , Abdullah Syahril , Nordin Norshariza , Cheah Pike-See , Ling King-Hwa
Published: March 2021

MicroRNA-3099 (miR-3099) plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal differentiation and development of the central nervous system (CNS). The miR-3099 is a pro-neuronal miRNA that promotes neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) differentiation into neuronal lineage by suppressing astrogliogenesis. Down syndrome (DS) brain exhibited increased astrogliogenesis and reduced neuronal cell density. The involvement of miR-3099 in the neurodevelopment of DS has not been investigated and potentially responsible for the neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift phenomenon observed in DS brain. To investigate the role of miR-3099 during DS brain development, neural/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, we profiled miR-3099 expression level in the Ts1Cje, a mouse model for DS. We analysed the Ts1Cje whole brain at embryonic day (E) 10.5, E14.5 and P1.5, proliferating neurospheres and differentiating neurospheres at 3, 9 and 15 days in vitro (DIV). Expression of miR-3099 in both the developing mouse brain and the differentiating neurosphere was not significantly different between Ts1Cje and wild type controls. In contrast, the expression level of miR-3099 was significantly higher (p<0.05) in proliferating NSPC derived from the Ts1Cje compared to wild-type. Further molecular profiling of NPSC and glial cell markers indicated that the expression of Sox2 (p<0.01) and Gfap (p<0.05) were significantly downregulated in Ts1Cje neurospheres as compared to that of wild type, respectively. While there were no significant differences in Tuj1 and Nestin expression levels between the Ts1Cje and wild type neurospheres, their expression levels were ~3-fold upregulated and ~2.6 downregulated Ts1Cje group, respectively. The findings suggest that dysregulation of miR-3099 affects NSPC lineage commitment as indicated by altered postmitotic neuronal cell markers. Further molecular characterisation and gene expression profiling of other neuronal and glial markers will help refine the analysis of gene-gene interactions underlying the neuropathologies of DS.
Garîbu’l-Kur’ân İlmi ve Lugatu’l-Kur’ân’la İlişkisi
Authors: AKTAŞ Bayram
Published: March 2021

Garîbu’l-Kur’ân, yabancı dillerden geçerek veya Kureyş dışı lehçelerden gelerek Kur’ân’da yer alan anlamı kapalı lafızları sûre ve âyet tertibine göre ele alan bir ilimdir. Lugatu’l-Kurân ise ilerleyen süreçte Kur’ân’da yer alan bütün lafızları alfabetik tertibe göre açıklayan Garîbu’l-Kur’ân ilminin genişleyerek lugat sistemine bürünmüş halidir. Te’lîfâtı İbn Abbas’la başlayan Kur’ân’daki anlamı kapalı lafızlar, hem Garîbu’l-Kur’ân ilminin hem de Arap dili lugatlarının ilk örnekleri olarak gösterilmektedir. Makalemizde öncelikli olarak, erken dönem te’lifâtında tanımına yer verilmeyen sonraki dönemlerde ise garibliğin kişiye göre değişen izâfî boyutuna vurgu yapılan tanımlar sebebiyle efradını câmi ağyârını mâni bir tanımı yapılamayan Garîbu’l-Kur’ân ilminin tanımı ve önemi üzerinde durulacaktır. Daha sonra Garîbu’l-Kur’ân ilminin Arap dili lugatçığı ile karşılıklı etkileşimi ve bu süreçte sınırlı sayıdaki kelimeleri ele alan Garîbu’l-Kur’ân edebiyatının zamanla Kur’ân’ın bütün lafızlarını içeren Lugatu’l-Kur’ân’lara dönüşümü meselesi ele alına-caktır. Bu dönüşümde Garîbu’l-Kur’ân te’lifâtının ilk örneklerini oluşturan Abdullah İbn Abbas (v. 68/687-688)’a ait tefsirler; Lugatu’l-Kur’ân’ların en seçkin ve meşhuru olan Isfahâni’(v. V./ XI. Yüzyılın ilk çeyreği)’nin el-Müfredât’ı başta olmak üzere çok sayıda Garîbu’l-Kur’ân ve Lugatu’l-Kur’ân türü te’lifata atıfta bulunulacaktır. Özellikle alfabetik tertibi esas alan ilk Garîbu’l-Kur’ân tefsiri olan ve her iki türün özelliklerini muhtevasında barındıran Nüzhetu’l-Kulûb fi Tefsir’i Garîbi’l-Kur’ân yazarı Muhammed b. Uzeyz es-Sicistâni (v. 330/941)’nin dilciliği ve bu sahadaki birikiminin söz konusu eserine yansımasının örnekliğinde iki tür arasındaki ilişki ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Böylelikle günümüz bazı akademik çalışmalarda dâhi tam olarak ne olduğu ortaya konulmadan üzerinde çalışma yapılan Garîbu’l-Kur’ân ilminin sınırları çizilmeye çalışılacak; aralarındaki fark gözden kaçırılarak kimi zaman birbirinin yerine konulan ve kullanılan iki türün farklılıklarının tespiti yapılacaktır.
Trends in depression & anxiety symptom severity among mental health service attendees during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Saunders Rob , Buckman Joshua Eusty Jonathan , Leibowitz Judy , Cape John , Pilling Stephen
Published: March 2021

BackgroundGeneral population surveys have shown that some groups, particularly young women experienced increased distress during nationally mandated restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19. However, there has been limited research on such trends among people with pre-existing mental health conditions, leaving mental health services ill equipped to plan for currents and future lockdowns.MethodsMean weekly scores on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 between 01/01/2020-22/06/2020 (n=9,538 individuals) for all patients of two psychological treatment services in London, were compared to mean weekly scores from the same time periods in 2017-2019 (n=37,849). The proportion of scores which were above the clinical thresholds for ‘caseness’ each week were compared, and scores between groups based on gender, age group, and ethnicity, were also compared. ResultsConfirmed community transmission in the UK (26/02/2020-03/03/2020) and the announcement of the national ‘lockdown’ (23/03/2020) were associated with significant increases in anxiety symptom scores. ‘Lockdown’ was associated with a decrease in depression scores. These changes were not maintained during lockdown. Significant increases in depression and anxiety were observed at week 23, as restrictions were eased.LimitationsThis was an exploratory analysis in two services only. Residual confounding and selection biases cannot be ruled out.ConclusionsDifferences in the weekly average symptom scores were short-term; they did not continue throughout ‘lockdown’ as might have been expected, except among older people. Replication of this study in other settings and investigating the potential benefits of more regular reviews or more intensive treatments for older adults seeking support, are warranted.
Let´s call it altruism ! A psychological perspective and hierarchical framework of altruism and prosocial behavior
Authors: Rodrigues Johannes , Hewig Johannes
Published: March 2021

“Altruism” is a term used by many disciplines such as biology, economics, sociology, and psychology; it varies in its definition, even among researchers in the same field. This lack of common ground concerning the definition has often led to misunderstandings. In this work, we try to provide a “lay of the land” examination of prosocial behavior and propose a hierarchical model of prosocial behavior that provides an overview of the hierarchical structure and position of several definitions of altruism. Additionally, we implement the dimensions of tolerance for harm done to oneself or others as well as the motivation through benefits to others or oneself to systematize the different prosocial categories and definitory approaches on each hierarchical level. The hierarchical levels of our model include firstly helping behavior, comprising both voluntary and involuntary conduct benefitting others; secondly the general category of prosocial behavior, which is voluntary helping, independent from one’s reasons for helping; moreover and most importantly we debate different kinds of prosocial behavior according to the source of general motivation; concepts from evolutionary perspectives; social exchange theory; situation-specific motivational aspects of prosocial behavior and social interaction rules. We propose this model to offer common ground for communication, and to spread awareness of the hierarchical differences in the various definitions of “altruism” in diverse fields of research.
Is there an app for that? A review of popular mental health and wellness apps
Authors: Wasil Akash R , Palermo Emma Holly , Lorenzo-Luaces Lorenzo , DeRubeis Robert
Published: March 2021

Smartphone apps for mental health and wellness (MH apps) reach millions of people and have the potential to reduce the public health burden of common mental health problems. Thousands of MH apps are currently available, but real-world consumers generally gravitate toward a very small number of them. Given their widespread use, and the lack of empirical data on their effects, understanding the content within MH apps is an important public health priority. An overview of the content within these apps could be an important resource for users, clinicians, researchers, and experts in digital health. Here, we offer summaries of the content within highly popular MH apps. Our aim is not to provide comprehensive coverage of the MH app space. Rather, we sought to describe a small number of highly popular MH apps in three common categories: meditation and mindfulness, journaling and self-monitoring, and AI chatbots. We downloaded the two most popular apps in each of these categories (respectively: Calm, Headspace; Reflectly, Daylio; Replika, Wysa). These six apps accounted for 83% of monthly active users of MH apps. For each app, we summarize information in four domains: intervention content, features that may contribute to engagement, the app’s target audience, and differences between the app’s free version and its premium version. In the years ahead, rigorous evaluations of highly popular MH apps will be needed. Until then, we hope that this overview will help readers stay up-to-date on the content within some of the most widely used digital mental health interventions.
Highly Sensitive Adolescents: The Relationship Between Weekly Life Events and Weekly Socioemotional Well-Being
Authors: Iimura Shuhei
Published: March 2021

Recent research into Person x Environment interaction has supported the view that sensitivity to environmental influences is a susceptibility factor rather than a vulnerability factor. Given this perspective, this study examined the role of the adolescent’s sensory-processing sensitivity in the context of weekly life events and weekly socioemotional well-being. In the study, 114 adolescents repeatedly self-reported their sensitivity, recent life events, and recent socioemotional well-being in four surveys at one-week intervals. The results suggested the shape of Sensitivity x Life Events interaction significantly varied from week to week, which is consistent with the vantage sensitivity and diathesis-stress framework. In specific weeks, adolescents with high sensitivity are more likely to benefit from positive events than those with low sensitivity. These sensitive adolescents can be described as developmentally susceptibility rather than vulnerability.
Associations among anxiety, risk perception, preventive behaviors, and personality in Japanese older adults aged 78 to 99 years during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Muto Hiroyuki , Gondo Yasuyuki , Kasuga Ayaka , Nakagawa Takeshi , Ishioka Yoshiko Lily , Onoguchi Wataru , Kikuchi Akari , Inagaki Hiroki , Ogawa Madoka , Hori Noriko , Masui Yukie , Choe Hwang , Cheng Yutian , Matsumoto Kiyoaki , Yasumoto Saori , Kabayama Mai , Godai Kayo , Ikebe Kazunori , Kamide Kei , Ishizaki Tatsuro
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives: To deepen the understanding of processes underlying older adults’ behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, we investigated associations among affective (anxiety about the coronavirus), cognitive (perceived risk of infection and fatality), and behavioral (engagement in preventive behaviors) variables. We also examined how these variables were predicted by personality traits measured before the pandemic.Research Design and Methods: Older adults (N = 1,727; 78–99 years old) were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study started in 2010. They responded to a questionnaire sent in August 2020, which included four items measuring COVID-19 anxiety, infection risk perception, fatality risk perception, and engagement in preventive behaviors. Big Five personality traits were measured years ago when the participants had first participated in the study.Results: Most participants felt anxious, engaged in preventive behaviors, and overestimated infection and fatality risks. Older age was associated with low anxiety, a low perception of infection risk, a high perception of fatality risk, and a little engagement in preventive behaviors. Women were more susceptible to the pandemic than men were, demonstrated by higher scores on all four items. Partial correlation analysis controlling for age and sex demonstrated positive associations among all four items except for infection risk perception and preventive behaviors. Anxiety and perceived infection risk were positively predicted by neuroticism and conscientiousness, respectively. Engagement in preventive behaviors was positively predicted by extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness.Discussion and Implications: We highlighted the critical distinction between infection and fatality risk perceptions and demonstrated the need to consider each individual’s attributes.
Elite Studies: For a New Approach
Authors: Bukodi Erzsebet , Goldthorpe John H
Published: March 2021

We provide a critical review of explanations given for the decline of elite studies in the later twentieth century and of related proposals for their revival. We then suggest an alternative approach to elite studies that could, we believe, prove sociologically more rewarding. This entails a broad understanding of elites, understood, however, as small-N entities. On this understanding, elites can then be characterised through prosopographical methods – the construction of collective biographies of their members. A better understanding may thus be gained of the degree of social exclusiveness of different elites, and on this basis further questions can be taken up of how far exclusiveness results from the varying processes through which elites are formally constituted and how far from the composition of the pools within which such elite recruitment occurs. Finally, questions can be addressed of the implications of social skewness in elite formation for equality of opportunity and for the wastage of talent that inequality entails, and then further for the so far sociologically neglected issue of the level of performance – the effectiveness – of elites in whatever field they exist.
KAIN TENUN IKAT TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI KEARIFAN LOCAL MASYARAKAT DESA TUMBUR KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TANIMBAR
Authors: Neununy Dolfries
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang tenun ikat sebagai kearifan local masyarakat desa tumbur sekaligus dapat mengetahui tentang nilai dari tenun ikat dalam kehidupan masyarakat adat desa tumbur. Masyarakat lokal yang hidup seimbang berdampingan dengan alam memiliki pengetahuan yang diwariskan turun-temurun tentang bagaimana memenuhi kebutuhan hidup tanpa merusak alam. Kearifan tradisional yang bersifat lokal sesuai dengan daerahnya masing-masing merupakan salah satu warisan budaya yang ada di masyarakat desa tumbur dan berlaku secara turun-temurun dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat desa tumbur. Kain tenun ikat tradisional dalam prespektif masyarakat desa tumbur merupakan warisan kebudayaan dan dijadikan sebagai pemenuhan ekonomi serta kain tenun ikat tradisional juga sangat memberikan kontribusi bagi masyarakat setempat yang berfungsi untuk pembayaran harta kawin, penyelesaian adat ketika terjadi konflik ditengah masyarakat serta kain tenun juga dijadikan sebagai sofenir bagi para tamu yang hendak berkunjung ke desa tumbur.
The Sustainable Developments Goals and Buddha’s Teachings
Authors: Dhakhwa Sabita
Published: March 2021

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. The Buddha delivered several Dhamma discourses to diverse people in the various places for forty-five years; from the time he attained enlightenment until he entered into Mahaparinibbāna. These Dhamma discourses are related to non-violence, equality and peace. The elimination of all forms of gender based violence and promotion of equality are very much related with change of attitude and positive mind development. Moral conducts (Sila), Right speech, Right livelihood, Right understanding, practicing of loving kindness (Mettā, Saraniya Dhammas, etc are some of the Buddha’s teachings which can contribute to attitude change and positive mind development. The teachings of the Buddha are in harmony with the spirit of Gender equality goal of SDGs. Therefore, the article intends to throw light on the following aspects: What are the Buddha’s teaching for Gender equality? and how Buddha’s teachings can contribute to eliminate gender based violence and promote Gender equality which is one of the goal of SDGs.
A Comparative Study of Bhavacakra Painting
Authors: Tamang Deepak Dong
Published: March 2021

The Bhavacakra is a symbolic representation of Samsara, a powerful mirror for spiritual aspirants and it is often painted to the left of Tibetan monastery doors. Bhavacakra, ‘wheel of life’ consists of two Sanskrit words ‘Bhava’ and ‘Cakra’. The word bhava means birth, origin, existing etc and cakra means wheel, circle, round, etc. There are some textual materials which suggest that the Bhavacakra painting began during the Buddha lifetime. Bhavacakra is very famous for wall and cloth painting. It is believed to represent the knowledge of release from suffering gained by Gautama Buddha in the course of his meditation. This symbolic representation of Bhavacakra serves as a wonderful summary of what Buddhism is, and also reminds that every action has consequences. It can be also understood by the illiterate persons not needing high education and it shows the path of enlightenment out of suffering in samsara.  Mahayana Buddhism is very popular in Asian countries like northern Nepal, India, Bhutan, China, Korean, Japan and Mongolia. So in these countries every Mahayana monastery there is wall painting and Thānkā painting of Bhavacakra. But in these countries there are various designs of Bhavacakra due to artist, culture and nation.
गुँलाधर्म एक परिचय
Authors: Shakya Purna Laxmi
Published: March 2021

काठमाडौँ उपत्यकामा महायान बुद्धधर्मको बाहुल्यता रहेको छ । यहाँ नेवार समुदायको बसोवास आदिकालदेखिरहेको देखिन्छ । त्यसैले यिनीहरू महायान बुद्धधर्मका अनुयायीहरू हुन् । यी नेवार समुदायले वर्ष दिनमा थुप्रैजात्रा पर्वहरू मनाउने गर्दछन् । यसमध्ये चन्द्रमास अनुसारको गुँला महिनामा एक महिना भरि पर्वको रूपमागुँलाधर्म अभ्यास गर्ने गर्दछन् । यो महिना वर्षा वाढी पहिरो जस्ता प्राकृतिक प्रकोप र रोग व्याधि पैmलने महिनाहो । त्यसैले यस्तो सम्भावित आपद विपदबाट जोगिन सकियोस्, सबैको मङ्गल होस् भन्ने कामना गरी धर्मकर्मअभ्यास गरेको देखिन्छ । यसको साथसाथै यो महिनामा मानिसहरूले दश अकुशल कर्म त्याग गरी कुशल र शुद्धजीवन विताउने अभ्यास गर्दछन् ।
Nature: A Notable Feature of Robert Frost’s poetry
Authors: Shrestha Muna
Published: March 2021

The aim of this present article is to examine Robert Frost’s poetical theme and its values which explain the voice of Nature and also to highlight the treatment of Nature in some of his selected Poems. Frost is a famous American Poet and his poems are mostly autobiographical in subject. During this period, when modern poetry is becoming more complex, Frost gets success using his poetic style with refined and simple language. He has been mostly influenced by the environment around him while composing his masterpieces. He uses different phrases and thrill in poetry. His central theme doesn’t concentrate on the typical rural life but on the dramatic conflict happening in the natural world. He expresses deep love and sympathy towards Nature and utilizes it to express his viewpoint and to make his verse fascinating. He thinks Nature is not only the source of pleasure, but also an inspiration for human wisdom. His poems contain symbolism, hidden meanings, sounds, rhyme, meter, metaphors and more.
Knowledge and Compliance of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation among Pregnant & Postnatal Women in a Hospital of Kathmandu
Authors: Mishra Rupesh Kumar , Tiwari Kalpana
Published: March 2021

The high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and low compliance of iron and folic acid supplementation was reported among pregnant women in Nepal. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and compliance of iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant and postnatal women in Kathmandu. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted for the study. Sample size was 103 and purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. All Pregnant women of having above 7 month pregnancy and postnatal’s up to 6 months women were included. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire .All the obtained data were analyzed with the help of SPSS version 20. Assessment of knowledge revealed that 85.6 % (88) of the participants have adequate knowledge regarding iron and folic acid supplementation .The findings showed 78.6% (81) of the respondents had  iron and folic acid compliance as standard of Nepal government that is to be taken minimum 180 tablet before delivery. It concludes that the level of knowledge and compliance rate of iron and folic acid supplementation in Kathmandu is satisfactory in comparisons to national status i.e. 42% according to Nepal Demographic health survey 2016. Pearson chi-square test shows that level of knowledge on iron and folic acid tablet is not associated with the compliance of iron and folic acid tablet (χ²= 0.019, p< 0.889). The main reason of respondents having compliance is due to having proper counseling from health worker and non compliance is due to forgetting to have tablet. Therefore improving knowledge level only can’t improve compliance level, various factors like counseling, accessibility and availability of iron and folic acid tablet, side effect of tablet and family support also affects the compliance of iron and folic acid supplementation.
Development and evaluation of a primary care antimicrobial stewardship program (PC-ASP) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Authors: McIsaac Warren J , Senthinathan Arrani , Moineddin Rahim , Nakamachi Yoshiko , Dresser Linda , McIntyre Mark , Singh Suzanne , De Oliveira Nelia , Tannenbaum David , Bloom Jeff , Lemieux Camille , Marr Patricia , Levy Michelle , Mitri Mira , Walji Sakina , Kukan Sahana , Morris Andrew M
Published: March 2021

Background: Effective community-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are needed because 90% of antimicrobials are prescribed in the community. A primary care ASP (PC-ASP) was evaluated for its effectiveness in lowering antibiotic prescriptions for six common infections. Methods: A multi-faceted educational program was assessed using a before-and-after design in four primary care clinics from 2015 through 2017. The primary outcome was the difference between control and intervention clinics in total antibiotic prescriptions for six common infections before and after the intervention. Secondary outcomes included changes in condition-specific antibiotic use, delayed antibiotic prescriptions, prescriptions exceeding 7 days duration, use of recommended antibiotics, and emergency department visits or hospitalizations within 30 days. Multi-method models adjusting for demographics, case mix, and clustering by physician were used to estimate treatment effects. Results: Total antibiotic prescriptions in control and intervention clinics did not differ (difference in differences = 1.7%; 95% CI –12.5% to 15.9%), nor did use of delayed prescriptions (–5.2%; 95% CI –24.2% to 13.8%). Prescriptions for longer than 7 days were significantly reduced (–21.3%; 95% CI –42.5% to –0.1%). However, only 781 of 1,777 encounters (44.0%) involved providers who completed the ASP education. Where providers completed the education, delayed prescriptions increased 17.7% ( p = 0.06), and prescriptions exceeding 7 days duration declined (–27%; 95% CI –48.3% to –5.6%). Subsequent emergency department visits and hospitalizations did not increase. Conclusions: PC-ASP effectiveness on antibiotic use was variable. Shorter prescription durations and increased use of delayed prescriptions were adopted by engaged primary care providers.
Mycobacterium mucogenicum and Mycobacterium neoaurum bacteremia in immunocompromised hosts
Authors: Pérez-Cortés Villalobos Armelle , Rotstein Coleman
Published: March 2021

Background: Mycobacterium mucogenicum and Mycobacterium neoaurum are infrequent causes of bacteremia in humans. When they are isolated from blood, it is not unusual for them to initially be considered contaminants. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with M. mucogenicum and M. neoaurum bacteremia from January 1998 to December 2018 was conducted at the University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Results: We identified 28 patients who had bacteremia caused by these organisms. These patients were primarily immunocompromised, had chronically indwelling vascular access devices, or used intravenous drugs. For 29% of the patients, the isolation of these mycobacteria was considered colonization, whereas 82% of the patients received antimicrobial therapy and 95% had the central line removed. Conclusions: The removal of the vascular access device and treatment with either single or combination antimicrobial therapy produced successful outcomes for people with these infections.
Kehidupan Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Transmigrasi di Kelurahan Bangun Jaya Tahun 1986-2012
Authors: Pasriana Belina , I Isbandiyah , Sarkowi Sarkowi
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the development of the social and economic life of transmigrant communities in A Widodo village Tugumulyo District in 1980-2017. The method that researchers use is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques in research using interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Technical analysis of data with a step triangulation. Based on the results of research and discussion, it is known that the socio-economic life of the A Widodo village in the Tugumulyo District in 1980-2017 has changed from the beginning of the A Widodo feda in 1937 to the present. This changed can be seen from the field of education. Ranging from opening a business, trading, raising livestock, to fish farming and other, other in the fields of education and economic, also seen in the form of social and religious interactin, where individuals interact with each other and help each other help each other, they repect each other’s religions in the village of A Widodo, namely Islam, Protestantism, Catholic Christianity, Hinduism, they do not mock one another or insult religion. Will determine a person’s social status, the higher the level of education the easier it is to find work and the more respected by the surrounding community.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Genista quadriflora (G.Q) Plant Extracts
Authors: Berrani A. , Boufellous M. , Frikh H. , Aouji M. , Lrhorfi L.A.
Published: March 2021

In the framework of the valorization of the plants of Morocco and in order to optimize the subsequent use of the plant Genista quadriflora (Fabaceae) in Morocco, extracts were prepared from the plant using solvents of increasing polarity to emphasize their antioxidant potency and antimicrobial activity. The evaluation of the antioxidant power, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method, indicated by qualitative analysis of the extracts either by thin layer chromatography (TLC) or by color reaction, that the extracts (aqueous and methanol) have an antioxidant effect varies between 70% and 80%. As regards the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) scavenging values of the DPPH radical, the two extracts showed an inhibitory activity with IC50 at around 12.5 mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This evaluation showed that the methanol extracts are the most active for all the strains tested and revealed a significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
PERSPECTIVES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors:   MGIMO University, Kazakov Lev
Published: March 2021

Small and medium enterprises in Afghanistan may become the main source of the country’s economic development. Afghanistan’s current political and economic background is what contributes a lot to such a change: with international aid at a sharp decline and security problem being likely to worsen due to the anticipated withdrawal of the major part of international forces from Afghanistan, the government faces a problem of finding alternative sources of economic development within the country with the aim of achieving further self-sufficiency. Besides, support for SMEs is by far the most practically achievable and promising goal on the government’s economic agenda: those enterprises are capable of surviving within the ongoing military conflict; SMEs contribute to the conduct of most Afghan trade. Further advance of the above mentioned is directly and particularly dependent on the Afghan government’s political and economic action, as well as the undertaking of security measures. Afghanistan’s international trade is another critical aspect, which suggests that the country is yet to establish closer economic ties with other regional states. The article analyses the country’s private sector, suggests an explanation of why the SMEs’ advance should have primacy over other enterprises, and discusses the challenges faced by SMEs in Afghanistan. Besides, the author is determined to identify the main courses of action the Afghan government should stick to so as to achieve the realization of the SMEs’ perspectives. In the context the author dwells on the government’s further steps in various spheres, namely, improving ease of doing business, dealing with the problem of political uncertainty, enhancing the system of customs control, revising of Afghanistan’s role within regional trade.
JAPAN: IS THERE A CHANCE TO INCREASE AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS? (analyzing statistics)
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Markarian Seda
Published: March 2021

Given the expanding needs of the global food market, it is not surprising that the Japanese are trying hard to make their agriculture sector competitive n the global market. The article discusses the current situation in agriculture and the potential for its further development, most of all, the situation with the cultivated area and labor force. The results of government measures taken to increase the efficiency of production, a change in its structure, and increase in the value of hired labor, changes in the forms of production participants themselves are shown: along with rural yards with small land allotments, sometimes various associations appear; in other words, the pattern of development of the agricultural sector is gradually changing. But to achieve this goal there are still many obstacles administrative economic, social.
Nykysuomen sanakirjan digitaalinen editio
Authors: Partanen Niko , Jalava Lotta
Published: March 2021

Artikkeli kuvaa Nykysuomen sanakirjan digitaalisen edition luontia ja siihen liittyviä työvaiheita. Tutkimus muodostaa esimerkin sanakirja-aineiston modernista tekstintunnistamisesta ja evaluoi tulok- sia kriittisesti, mahdollistaen samojen käytäntöjen soveltamisen muihin vastaaviin ympäristöihin. Kuvatut oikoluetut aineistot ja tekstintunnis- tusmallit julkaistaan avoimesti Zenodossa.
The many writing systems of Mansi: challenges in transcription and transliteration
Authors: Bradley Jeremy
Published: March 2021

The paper at hand presents the recently published COPIUS Orthographic Toolset’s Mansi module. This open-source software, part of the COPIUS drive to create necessary international infrastructures for teaching/learning and researching Uralic languages, allows for rule-based transcription between four basic writing systems historically used for Mansi: the Cyrillic alphabet, the Latin-based Unified Northern Alphabet (UNA), Finno-Ugric Transcription (FUT), and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The software aims to take variation in the usage of these respective writing systems into consideration as best possible in a purely rule-based approach currently lacking lexical support. Section 1 will give a short summary of the history of Mansi literacy and aims to elucidate how changing trends, both local and Russia-wide, influenced the manner in which Mansi was captured in writing by scientists and speakers throughout history. Section 2 will give an overview of (Northern) Mansi phonology and discuss how difficult aspects of it are handled in the writing systems under consideration. Finally, Section 3 will illustrate the transcription software, in its current version, in action, with a sample text transcribed from each of the four writing systems under consideration into the three other ones.
This is thy brother’s voice – Documentary and metadocumentary linguistic work with a folklore recording from the Nenets-Komi contact area
Authors: Blokland Rogier , Partanen Niko , Rießler Michael
Published: March 2021

In this paper we analyse an epic song recorded in 1966 by the Hungarian-Australian Erik Vászolyi in Kolva in the Komi ASSR and discuss its background and wider historical context. We go through different ways how such materials can contribute to data driven and sociolinguistically oriented research, specifically in connection to contemporary documentary languistics, and point directions for further research.
Number Expression in Apurinã (Arawák)
Authors: Da Silva Facundes Sidney , Pereira de Freitas Marília Fernanda , Soares de Lima-Padovani Bruna Fernanda
Published: March 2021

Apurinã (Arawak), spoken along several tributaries of Purus River (Southwest of Amazonas State, Brazil), presents a plural morphological system that marks pronouns and nouns. The language has some free pronominal forms that distinguish singular from plural; additionally, it has bound pronominal forms, with singular/plural distinction made only in the first person for the enclitic forms. In the case of nouns, there are two suffixes that mark plural, -waku (that occurs only with [+human] nouns, as kyky-waku-ry (man-pl-m) ‘men’), and -ny (that can occurs both, with [+human] nouns, as in pupỹka-ry-ny-ry (indigenous person-m-pl-m) ‘indigenous people’; or [-human] nouns, as in aiku-ny-ry (house-pl-m) ‘houses’). The language also presents some quantifiers and numerals that encode number syntactically. The quantifiers are ithu, kaiãu and kuna kamuny to encode the notion of ‘much’, puiãu, referring to ‘some/few/little’, and ykyny to mean ‘all/every’. Additionally, there are the following numerals: (h)ãty(tu) ‘one’ and epi ‘two’, which combine to derive higher numbers, and the word for ‘hand’, waku/ piu, indicating the numeral five. Thus, the plural marking in the language can be marked in different ways, none of which is, however, required by the grammar. With that in mind, we discuss the extent to which plural marking is, to a great extent, constructed by the speakers in daily language use, according to whether it is contextually important to do so, and raise the question of the relevance of this problem to a computationally implementable grammar of the language
Building language technology infrastructures to support a collaborative approach to language resource building
Authors: Pirinen Tommi A , Tyers Francis M.
Published: March 2021

Digital infrastructures are a vital part of support for providing a research framework and platform in engineering their digital lexicography and grammars and deploying the to end-users as real NLP software products.
Pengembangan Media Murottal Animasi Dalam Pembelajaran Tajwid: Upaya Peningkatan Semangat Santri TPA Darunnizam di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Mardika Feni
Published: March 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media murattal animasi dalam pembelajaran tajwid di TPA Darunnizam di Jorong Kapuah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan dengan mengikuti prosedur yang terdiri dari: 1) define dengan melakukan wawancara dengan guru TPA untuk mengetahui kondisi dan kebutuhan siswa,2) design menyiapkan prototipe media murattal animasi serta aplikasi yang  digunakan, serta 3)  develop  melakukan  uji  valiadasi  dan  kelayakan  produk. Berdasarkan hasil validasi dan kelayakan   media murottal animasi yang sudah dirancang terbukti layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran tajwid di TPA Darunnizam hal ini terbukti dari hasil validasi berada pada kategori valid.. Dengan kata lain, media murottal animasi layak menjadi media pembelajaran tajwid bagi santri TPA khususnya TPA Darunnizam dan hasil validasi media murottal animasi berada pada kategori sangat valid. AbstractThis research aims to develop an animation murottal media in learning tajwid at TPA Darunnizam in Jorong Kapuah. The method used was research and development (R & D). The development procedure consisted of three phases: define, design, and develop. At define phase, the  researcher conducted interviews with Qur’an educational teachers. At design phase, the researcher constructed the prototype of the murottal media. Last, at develop phase, the researcher conducted validation test to determine the worthiness of the products. Based on the results received, animation murottal media has proved worthy to be used in learning tajwid  at TPA Darunnizam as  the results of validation was perfectly valid based on validators’ judgments. In other words,  animation murottal media deserves to be a tajwid learning media for the students especially at TPA Darunnizam.
Gender Mainstreaming im Europäischen Parlament: Geschichte, Institutionalisierung, Hindernisse
Authors: Ahrens Petra
Published: March 2021

Das Europäische Parlament (EP) hat sich als eines der wenigen Parlamente weltweit seit 2003 in insgesamt sechs Entschließungen zur Umsetzung von Gender Mainstreaming (GM) verpflichtet. Ausgehend von dem Ansatz des Feministischen Institutionalismus analysiert dieser Beitrag chronologisch die potenzielle Institutionalisierung von GM und fragt, inwieweit sich neue Regeln und Normen in bestehende formale und informelle Regeln einflechten lassen. Hierfür werden zentrale EP-Dokumente für den Zeitraum 2003 bis 2019 sowie leitfadengestützte Interviews mit MEPs verschiedener Fraktionen und EP-Beschäftigten aus 2019 und 2020 analysiert. Insgesamt kann von einer GM-Institutionalisierung gesprochen werden, wenn sie auch heterogen verläuft.
Female presence in lobbying careers in Europe: A comparison of women in the lobbying workforce in three national political systems and the EU
Authors: Antonucci Maria Cristina
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates women in lobbying careers in Italy, the UK and France in comparison with the EU Parliament to verify the hypothesis that in political systems with a gender mainstreaming approach, it is easier for women to have access to political, institutional and politics-related careers. Given the differences between national and supranational political systems, the collected data display a fairer gender balance in the stock of registered lobbyists at the EU Parliament than in the national registers for lobbyists. The explanatory factors are the EU institutional approach towards gender mainstreaming and a fairer gender balance in EU top-political and administrative jobs. The paper argues that there is a spillover effect from fair-gendered political careers to the lobbying professions. EU lobbyists need to reflect the diversity of EU politicians and administrative staff. In this sense, the EU institutionalization of the gender mainstreaming approach goes beyond issues such as the descriptive and substantive political representation of women in politics while creating a more inclusive environment for equal opportunities in traditionally male-dominated jobs.
Normalitätsvorstellungen angehender Lehrkräfte im Wandel. Eine empirische Studie zu Potentialen des Moduls „Deutsch für Schülerinnen und Schüler mit Zuwanderungsgeschichte“ in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Putjata Galina
Published: March 2021

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie Bildung diversitätssensibel auf sprachliche Vielfalt eingehen kann. Im Fokus stehen deutschlandweit eingeführte Maßnahmen, die ein ‚DaZ-Modul – Deutsch für Schülerinnen und Schüler mit Zuwanderungsgeschichte‘ in die reguläre Lehramtsausbildung implementieren. Ihre Potentiale wurden exemplarisch im Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen auf der Makroebene des Systems, der Mesoebene der Organisation und der Mikroebene der Teilnehmenden untersucht. Die Ergebnisse erlauben Einblicke in die Veränderungen sprachbezogener Normalitätsvorstellungen bei Studierenden. Ausgehend von diesen Veränderungen werden Schlüsselvoraussetzungen für die Gestaltung der Professionalisierung in einer Migrationsgesellschaft diskutiert.
Juventudes:
Authors: González Marilina Del Valle
Published: March 2021

Este artículo se propone un análisis exploratorio sobre cómo se articula la cuestión de género y de eneración en las políticas sociales orientadas a las juventudes, implementadas en las últimas décadas en diferentes territorios urbanos/locales del interior de Argentina. Para ello, a partir de una revisión de los enfoques que, desde los estudios de juventud, fueron elaborando una definición de este sector de la población, se ponen en tensión las nominaciones que asumen las juventudes en las políticas públicas. El escrito se centra, específicamente, en un análisis de los modos en que se visibilizan/invisibilizan las diferencias de género y una perspectiva generacional, en los diferentes enfoques que presentan las intervenciones sociales del Estado hacia jóvenes. El abordaje metodológico desarrollado se orientó hacia la revisión y el análisisdocumental de las políticas públicas trabajadas, para el reconocimiento y la sistematización de los modos en que se definen a las juventudes. Las discusiones, por tanto, giran en torno a que predominan, en las políticas sociales orientadas a jóvenes, miradas tradicionales desde las que se define e interviene a tales agentes y, con ello, perspectivas en las que prima un carácter adultocéntrico y androcéntrico que demarcan las definiciones como las maneras en que aquellas son abordadas.