bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A phase II pilot study of the combined application of hyperthermia and intra‐hepato‐arterial chemotherapy using cisplatinum and 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Hamazoe Ryuichi , Murakami Atsunobu , Hirooka Yasuaki , Maeta Michio , Kaibara Nobuaki
Published: February 2007

Fourteen patients (group A) with unresectable metastasis to the liver from colorectal cancers (11 patients) and gastric cancers (3 patients) were treated with the combined application of hyperthermia and intra‐hepatoarterial (IHA) chemotherapy with cisplatinum and 5‐fluorouracil. Ten patients were treated with regional hyperthermia applied with a radiofrequency capacitive heating system and four patients were treated with total‐body hyperthermia concurrently with IHA chemotherapy. Thirty‐one patients (group B) with liver metastases from colorectal and gastric cancers received only IHA chemotherapy with the same chemotherapeutic regimen. In group B, partial responses (PRs) were obtained in 8 of 17 evaluable patients with colorectal cancer and in 1 of 10 evaluable patients with gastric cancer. In group A, PRs were found in 6 of 11 patients with colorectal cancer and in 2 of 3 patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, improvements due to the combination of chemotherapy with hyperthermia were noted in 3 of 6 patients with colorectal cancer who had received unsuccessful prior IHA chemotherapy. The 50% survival period was prolonged to 23 months in group A from 11 months in group B, for patients with colorectal cancer. Toxicity of IHA chemotherapy was not potentiated by combination with hyperthermia. These results indicate that the combination of hyperthermia with IHA chemotherapy has a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of unresectable metastatic liver tumors derived from colorectal and gastric cancers.
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma, nephrocalcinosis, and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Authors: Angulo Javier C. , Lopez Jose I. , Ereñao Cosme , Flores Nicolas
Published: February 2007

A cellular variant of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) occurring in a newborn is presented. Coincidental findings were congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (CHPS) and nephrocalcinotic hypercalcemia that reverted after nephrectomy. As of the day of writing, this multiple association has not been reported. The authors believe that both CMN and CHPS could be interpreted as fibroblastic proliferative‐related entities. Transient hypercalcemia seems to be a paraneoplastic phenomenon.
Subtotal submucosal cricoid resection: An experimental study
Authors: Shaha Ashok , Burnett Carlos , Dimaio Terry , Jaffe Bernard M.
Published: February 2007

It has generally been considered that the cricoid cartilage is essential for maintaining airway continuity. The purpose of this experimental study was to test this concept by evaluating the effects of subtotal excision of the canine cricoid cartilage. Eight adult mongrel dogs were studied. They received general anesthesia and were intubated. By using a vertical midline incision, the cricoid cartilage was exposed. Subtotal cricoid resection was performed by submucosal dissection; the mucosal continuity was not violated. The resultant defect in the cricoid cartilage was reconstructed with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft which was sutured in place with prolene sutures. All the dogs were extubated immediately after surgery. None required tracheostomy or ventilatory support and none had any respiratory problems during the follow‐up period. They were all able to eat soon after surgery.

The animals were followed for up to 4 to 6 months and then sacrificed to permit evaluation of the condition of the airway and subglottic space. There was fibrous scarring outside the graft but no evidence of airway narrowing. Despite submucosal fibrosis, the mucosa appeared normal.

The data documented that dogs tolerate subtotal cricoid resection very well and develop no subglottic stenosis. The resultant defect in the cricoid cartilage can readily be reconstructed with a PTFE graft.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and prostate in children
Authors: Kamat Muralidhar R. , Kulkarni Jagdeesh N. , Tongaonkar Hemant B. , Ravi R.
Published: February 2007

Fifteen children, 14 males and 1 female with a mean age of 4.9 years, were treated for rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and the prostate, between 1976 and 1985. In 14 patients, the disease was limited to the pelvis, while one had pulmonary metastases. The lesions were trigonal in 12 patients and involved the prostate in the other three. Eleven patients received vincristine‐Adriamycin‐cyclophosphamide (VAC) chemotherapy, followed by radiation therapy. Four of these 11 patients required cystoprostatectomy for residual or persistent disease. Of the remaining four patients, two underwent radical cystoprostatectomy, one partial cystectomy and the patient with pulmonary metastases received only chemotherapy. Six patients were alive at 5 years (40% 5‐year survival). Six patients died of local relapse within 18 months, one patient died of an unknown cause, while two patients were lost to follow‐up free of disease after 2 years.
Receptors for epidermal growth factor and steroid hormones in primary colorectal tumors
Authors: Scambia Giovanni , Panici Pierluigi Benedetti , Bellantone Rocco , Doglietto Giovanni Battista , Sofo Luigi , Ferrandina Gabriella , Ratto Carlo , Bossola Maurizio , Crucitti Francesco , Spagnolo Lucia Cristina , Mancuso Salvatore
Published: February 2007

The presence of epidermal growth factor, estrogen, and progesterone receptors (EGFR, ER, and PR) was investigated by a competitive binding assay in 43 colorectal adenocarcinomas and 32 normal colorectal mucosa specimens. EGFR were expressed in most of the tumor specimens analyzed at levels comparable with normal mucosa. There was no correlation between EGFR and tumor localization, tumor size, tumor stage, and grading. Among tumor specimens, 13.9% and 6.9% expressed very low but detectable ER and PR levels, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between steroid hormone receptor levels in the tumor and normal mucosa specimens, and neither was there any correlation of ER and PR with the pathological findings. Our results suggest that the EGFR system may play a role in regulating the growth of colorectal tissues. Further studies should demonstrate whether, despite the lack of correlation with histopathological parameters, EGFR expression may have a biological significance in human colorectal cancer.
Esophageal sarcomas
Authors: Perch Steven J. , Soffen Edward M. , Whittington Richard , Brooks John J.
Published: February 2007

The clinical and pathologic characteristics of five patients with esophageal sarcomas are presented, including the only recorded esophageal Triton tumor (malignant schwannoma), the third recorded synovial sarcoma, two patients with carcinosarcoma, and one with leiomyosarcoma. All five patients were males who presented with dysphagia. Three tumors were in the cervical esophagus, and the remaining two were in the distal esophagus. On endoscopic examination, three of the tumors were noted to be polypoid, while the other two were sessile. Two patients presented with disseminated disease, and a third was locally unresectable. These three patients were treated with palliative intent. The remaining two patients underwent surgical excision and postoperative radiation therapy, and are alive and well 6 and 7 years following treatment. This experience suggests that combined modality therapy employing postoperative radiation may be effective in managing these rare lesions.
Treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma with 24 hours continuous venous infusion of dacarbazine and cisplatin
Authors: Icli Fikri , Karaoguz Handan , Dincol Dilek , Gunel Nazan , Demirkazik Ahmet
Published: February 2007

Twenty consecutive patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with a combination of 24 hours continuous infusion of dacarbazine (250 mg/m2) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) for 5 days every 3 weeks. One patient (5%) achieved a complete response (CR) and 3 patients (15%) obtained a partial response (PR) with an overall response rate of 20%. Minimal response was observed in 5 other patients (25%). Complete response duration was 8 months. Median response duration of partial responders was 7 months. Median survival of all responders (CR+PR) was 8.5 months. Toxicity was mild to moderate.
Wilms' tumor in horseshoe kidney: Presentation due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction
Authors: Nirgiotis Jason G. , Black C. Thomas , Sherman Joseph O.
Published: February 2007

Children with horseshoe kidney usually develop urinary tract symptoms and often require operative correction of the anomaly. The incidence of Wilms' tumor in horseshoe kidney is higher than that for the general population. We present the case of a child whose Wilms' tumor was diagnosed early because of ureteropelvic junction obstruction secondary to a horseshoe kidney. A high index of suspicion should be maintained for Wilms' tumor in any child with a horseshoe kidney.
Chemo‐irradiation induced aortoesophageal fistula
Authors: Gabrail Nashat Y. , Harrison Bruce R. , Sunwoo Young C.
Published: February 2007

A patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus developed fatal aortoesophageal (AE) fistula following a preoperative course of combined chemotherapy plus radiation therapy. This is the first reported case of AE fistula following preoperative chemoradiotherapy. This complication is potentially correctable if suspected early, since the massive hemorrhage characteristic of AE fistula is usually preceded by an initial sentinel hemorrhage. The cause of this complication is not clear, but it may be due to inflammation of the vasa vasorum with necrosis of the aortic wall. The concomitant use of fluorouracil and cisplatin with radiation therapy acts as a radiosensitizer and may have potentiated the radiation effect on the aortic wall.
An immunological aspect of melanoma and its potential application in adjuvant therapy
Authors: Elias E. George , Tomazic Vesna J.
Published: February 2007

In an attempt to understand some of the natural immunological characteristics of cutaneous melanoma so that we can plan justifiable immunotherapeutic approaches, 23 patients were studied. The autologous leukocyte migration inhibition assay was utilized to assess in vitro their tumor‐specific cellular immunity. This assay was specifically used because when presensitized lymphocytes are exposed to the same antigen, they release lymphokines which inhibit the natural migration of the leukocytes. All the patients were staged pathologically according to the TNM system. Twelve of them had regional metastasis, i.e., stage III, and underwent regional lymphadenectomy. The other 11 had distant metastases, i.e., stage IV disease, and all their gross tumors were resected. These 23 patients were the source of tumor material and peripheral blood. Fresh autologous leukocytes were obtained for the assays, from each patient, on the day of surgery and prior to the administration of the preoperative medications. These were tested in vitro, on the same day, with freshly prepared autologous tumor extracts as the source of autologous tumor antigens. The results revealed that the preoperative leukocytes of patients with stage III melanoma expressed hypersensitivity to their tumors, with significant inhibition of their leukocyte migration, compared to those with distant metastases who expressed no such sensitivity, P = 0.012. Such hypersensitized lymphocytes may be capable of producing more efficient lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells for an effective adjuvant adoptive immunotherapy.
Functional outcome in patients treated with surgery and irradiation for soft tissue tumours
Authors: Bell Robert S. , O'Sullivan Brian , Davis Aileen , Langer Fred , Cummings Bernard , Fornasier Victor L.
Published: February 2007

One hundred five consecutive patients underwent surgical resection and adjuvant irradiation in treatment of soft tissue sarcoma or aggressive fibromatosis. All patients were entered in a prospective study evaluating functional outcome and 88 patients were examined at 12 months following surgery. Outcome was characterized using the Enneking system as well as documenting employment/recreational status and limb edema. Sixty‐eight of 88 patients had functional scores of 21 or better (out of a possible total of 35). Forty‐four patients were serially evaluated at 12 and 24 months and there was no difference in their outcome at the 2 time points. Univariate analysis demonstrated that large tumour size, postoperative complications, and neural sacrifice were associated with poor functional outcome.
Effect of prostaglandin E in multiple experimental models. VIII. effect on host response to metastatic tumor
Authors: Waymack J. Paul , Flescher Eliezer , Venkatraman Jaya , Fernandes Gabriel , Guzman Rey F. , Yurt Roger W. , Mason Arthur D. , Pruitt Basil A.
Published: February 2007

Prostaglandin E (PGE) is produced by certain tumors and is reported to decrease primary tumor growth. We evaluated its effect in multiple tumor models utilizing a 1 week course of the long acting PGE derivative dimethyl‐PGE (dPGE) at a dosage of 100 μg/kg/day vs. a lactated Ringers control. For all tumor models, a suspension of 1 × 106 colon carcinoma cells were injected into Wistar‐Furth rats. When the suspension was injected subcutaneously and the drug was begun at the time of tumor challenge, there was no effect on survival. When the tumor was injected intraperitoneally or intravenously and the drug begun at the time of tumor challenge, dPGE decreased survival time. When the tumor was administered intravenously but dPGE was delayed for 5 days, there was no effect on survival time. When rats were given a 1 week course of dPGE or saline, dPGE was found not to alter natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, macrophage cytotoxicity, spontaneous lymphocyte blastogenesis, or mitogen stimulated blastogenesis. dPGE failed to alter lymphocyte metabolism of glucose in nonstimulated lymphocytes, but decreased the rate of glucose metabolism and adenosine deaminase activity in mitogen stimulated lymphocytes. In conclusion, PGE appears to enhance metastatic growth of tumor lines where it does not alter primary tumor growth. This effect does not appear immunologically mediated.
Combining independently effective anticancer agents may not augment the independent antitumor effects: A study using human digestive organ cancer xenograft lines in nude mice
Authors: Nio Yoshinori , Tseng Chen‐Chiu , Tsubono Michihiko , Kawabata Kazuya , Masai Yoshikazu , Shiraishi Takahiro , Fukumoto Manabu , Tobe Takayoshi
Published: February 2007

Five human digestive organ cancer xenograft lines were subcutaneously transplanted in nude mice, and 7 anticancer agents (ACAs) were intravenously administered singly or in combinations at 4 times the standard clinical doses. Cisplatin (P) was effective in 4 lines and 5‐fluorouracil (F) was effective in 3 lines. A total of 8 combinations with 2 effective ACAs were assessed in 4 lines and only 1 combination (FP) resulted in an augmented antitumor effect in a single line. A total of 11 combinations with 1 effective ACA plus 1 ineffective ACA were assessed in 2 lines, and only 1 combination (F + carboquone [CQ; Esquinon]) resulted in an augmented effect in a single line. A total of 5 combinations with independently ineffective ACAs were assessed in 1 line, and 1 combination (FP) resulted in augmented antitumor activity. No 2‐ACA combinations showed enhanced side effects. Two combinations with 3 effective ACAs were assessed in 2 lines and 1 combination (FP + mitomycin C) resulted in an augmented effect with a greater mortality rate. A total of 12 combinations with both effective plus ineffective ACAs were assessed in 2 lines, and 3 combinations (FP + Adriamycin or FP + CQ or FP + etoposide) resulted in an augmented effect in 1 line with enhanced side effects. These results indicate that the combination of independently effective ACAs does not always cause an augmented antitumor effect, and may sometimes result in augmented side effects. According to this study, the 3‐ACA combinations with FP + 1 effective agent appear to be the best regimens for digestive organ cancer.
p53 alterations in all stages of breast cancer
Authors: Davidoff Andrew M. , Kerns Billie‐Jo M. , Pence Jeffrey C. , Marks Jeffrey R. , Iglehart J. Dirk
Published: February 2007

Overexpression of the nuclear phosphoprotein p53 is one of the most frequently detected abnormalities in human cancer and appears to be associated with mutation of the p53 gene. In this study of breast cancer, p53 overexpression was detected in two (15%) of 15 pure intraductal tumors, 73 (25%) of 291 primary invasive carcinomas, 13 (50%) of 26 lymph nodes containing metastatic breast cancer, and two of four established breast cancer cell lines. Sequence analysis of selected specimens confirmed that p53 overexpression was associated with mutation of the gene, while no mutations were detected in specimens without p53 overexpression. Thus, overexpression of p53 occurs in all stages of breast cancer and is consistently associated with the production of mutant proteins. Immuno‐histochemical analysis is a simple method which reliably predicts the presence of most p53 gene mutations in breast cancer specimens.
Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma: Its frequency and characteristics in japan
Authors: Aozasa Katsuyuki , Ohsawa Masahiko , Horiuchi Keisuke , Myoui Akira , Kawano Kiyoshi
Published: February 2007

The nature of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma (ILL) in Japan was investigated. For this purpose, we have reviewed 1,766 cases of malignant lymphoma and related diseases, and 38 cases were selected as ILL. In two cases, small lymphoid cells proliferated as a wide mantle of atrophic secondary follicles. The frequency of ILL in nodal and extranodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was 3.4% and 3.9%, respectively. The frequency was high in orbit and salivary gland lymphomas; two out of three cases and one out of six cases, respectively. Age range (median) and sex ratio (M:F) in nodal and extranodal cases were 34–65 (52) years and 2.1:1 and 22–82 (61) years and 1.1:1, respectively. The majority of nodal ILL presented as systemic disease, but extranodal ILL usually presented as localized disease. ILL when treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy had a favorable prognosis, the 5‐year survival rate was 82%.
Bilateral renal oncocytomas: Management and nuclear analysis
Authors: Stuart Wolf J. , Carroll Peter R.
Published: February 2007

Only 16 cases of bilateral renal oncocytomas have been previously reported in the English language literature, 9 of which were treated with bilateral surgical resections. We report a case treated with bilateral partial nephrectomy. Although pathological examination revealed grade I oncocytomas on both sides, flow cytometry demonstrated tumor DNA content to be aneuploid on one side and diploid on the other, the first cellular differences reported in a case of bilateral renal oncocytomas. The management of suspected renal oncocytomas is discussed, with emphasis on the need for complete excision in most patients. The results of nuclear studies of these tumors, including DNA flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular analysis of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, are reviewed.
The effect of elevated levels of thromboxane on host response to tumor
Authors: Waymack J. Paul , Fernandes Gabriel , Venkatraman Jaya , Flescher Eliezer , Yurt Roger W. , Guzman Ray F. , Mason Arthur D. , Pruitt Basil A.
Published: February 2007

Previous studies have demonstrated that human malignancies can synthesize large amounts of thromboxane. It has also been reported that thromboxane can significantly alter multiple components of physiologic and immunologic function. We investigated the effect of elevated levels of thromboxane on host response to tumor using multiple rat models, and the long acting thromboxane analogue U‐46619. Administration of the thromboxane analogue was not found to significantly alter the growth of primary tumors or peritoneal metastases. The analogue was found to significantly decrease mean survival time with a pulmonary metastases model. The thromboxane analogue failed to alter macrophage cytotoxicity, lymphocyte cytotoxicity, T lymphocyte subset numbers, or lymphocyte blastogenic response. Administration of the thromboxane analogue decreased the rate of lymphocyte metabolism of glucose and decreased lymphocyte intracellular adenosine deaminase activity. In conclusion, elevated thromboxane levels do not appear to alter primary tumor growth or host immune function, but do decrease resistance to pulmonary metastases.
Clinical and immunological evaluation of intraoperative radiation therapy for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yamaue Hiroki , Tanimura Hiroshi , Aoki Yozo , Tsunoda Takuya , Iwahashi Makoto , Tani Masaji , Tamai Mikiko , Noguchi Kohei , Kashiwagi Hideo , Sasaki Masakazu , Yamada Ryusaku
Published: February 2007

The clinical efficacy of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and the changes of immunological parameters were investigated. Nine patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer were treated with IORT (2,500‐3,500 cGy) and the changes of various immunological parameters were compared with those in 11 patients with advanced cancer who received external beam irradiation therapy (XRT), 2,500‐3,500 cGy. After IORT, 71% of patients obtained pain relief, two of the nine patients showed a partial response, and the serum CA 19‐9 level decreased in six patients. However, the median survival was only 210 days. Natural killer activity, lymphokine‐activated killer activity, and interferon γ‐activated killer activity were not inhibited by IORT, and phytohemagglutinin‐induced blastogenesis was actually augmented after IORT, whereas all these parameters were inhibited by XRT. Thus, it is suggested that IORT may augment or at least stabilize systemic antitumor immunity.
Iodine125 interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Fleischman Erik H. , Kagan A. Robert , Streeter Oscar E. , Tyrell Jon , Wollin Myron , Leagre Christopher A. , Harvey James C.
Published: February 2007

In a prospective study, 14 patients with primary non‐oat cell lung carcinoma were treated with intraoperative Iodine125 (I125) implantation of the lung tumor via lateral thoracotomy or median sternotomy. Staging mediastinal node dissection was performed in each case. Patients were selected when wedge or segmental resections were not technically feasible, such that lobectomy or completion pneumonectomy would have been required or pulmonary function studies were poor. Doses ranged from 8,000 cGy at the periphery to 20,000 cGy at the center. With a minimum 12 month follow‐up, mean and median survivals were 16.7 and 15.1 months, respectively. Local control was achieved in 10 of 14 patients (71%) with all local failures occurring in pathologic stage III patients. When separated according to tumor size, local control was obtained in six of seven tumors of less than 3 cm and four of five tumors of 3‐5 cm. Both cases with masses greater than 5 cm failed locally. There was one operative mortality and two postoperative complications. All other patients were discharged within one week of surgery. There was no radiation pneumonitis. I125 lung brachytherapy is an excellent alternative treatment for T1 and T2 tumors when medical conditions preclude curative resection.
Rapid drop in serum testosterone after bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy
Authors: Arcadi John A.
Published: February 2007

Bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy was performed in six patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma. In these patients the serum levels of testosterone were determined serially up to twenty‐four hours. This is the first published report of such a rapid decrease in serum testosterone. Castrate levels of serum testosterone using the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH‐RH) agonists are achieved in fourteen to twenty‐one days. The relative cost of orchiectomy and LH‐RH agonists, for thirty‐six months, was $2,042.00 and $12, 780.00, respectively. LH‐RH agonists may be effective for only a year. Urologists are urged to continue using bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy and not use LH‐RH agonists in the management of metastatic prostatic carcinoma.
The relevance of a staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease in India
Authors: Dinshaw Ketayun A. , Pande Subodh C. , Shrivastava Shyam K. , Gonsalves Mary Ann , Advani Suresh H. , Gopal Ramkrishna , Shrikhande Sumati S. , Desouza Luceto J. , Jagannath P. , Desai Praful B.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective analysis of 328 cases of Hodgkin's Disease (HD) subjected to a staging laparotomy at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, India, from 1974 to 1986 was undertaken to assess its relevance to our setup. Eighty percent of the patients were from clinical stages (CS) I and II, 38% with lymphocyte predominance (LP), and 41% with mixed cellularity (MC) histologies. Staging laparotomy was positive in 60% cases overall, including 50% from CS IA and IIA, 68% from CS IB and IIB, and 53% and 67%, respectively, from LP and MC histologies. Splenic involvement was seen in 54% cases. Operative complications were encountered in 2% of cases and deaths in two cases only. In view of the high propensity for abdominal spread, only selected CS IA and IIA cases would merit a staging laparotomy within which, nearly 50% cases with a negative yield could be offered radical segmental irradiation alone for cure. The majority of our patients would, however, require combination therapy.
Arteriodigestive fistula: A complication associated with intraoperative and external beam radiotherapy following surgery for gastric cancer
Authors: De Villa Vanessa H. , Calvo Felipe A. , Bilbao Jose I. , Azinovic Ignacio , Balen Enrique , Hernandez Jose Luis , Pardo Fernando , A.‐Cienfuegos Javier
Published: February 2007

Intestinal hemorrhage due to arteriodigestive fistula is described to be a rare and serious complication of radiotherapy. Three cases of this type of fistula in gastric cancer patients treated with gastrectomy, intraoperative electron boost (15 Gy), and fractionated external beam irradiation (46 Gy) are reported. Selective angiography is most helpful in the diagnosis and immediate surgery could be lifesaving. An attempt to explain the etiopathogenesis is made.
Immunohistochemical characteristics of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Motojima Koichi , Tomioka Tsutomu , Kohara Norihiro , Tsunoda Tsukasa , Kanematsu Takashi
Published: February 2007

Six patients with adenosquamous carcinoma (ASqC) of the pancreas were studied clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically. In five of six ASqC tumors, both malignant squamous and glandular elements were reactive with CA 19‐9, ST 439, and keratin antibodies. In contrast, a portion of the glandular element in the remaining one ASqC was reactive with CA 19‐9 and ST 439 antibodies, but that of the squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) was not reactive. However, SqCC of this tumor was intensely reactive with keratin antibody. These immunohistochemical results suggest that the histogenesis in one ASqC tumor was different from that of the other 5 ASqCs, and that this tumor may be a collision tumor rather than transformation to SqCC from adenocarcinoma, which is a very rare pattern of histogensis in ASqC. The patients with ASqC of the pancreas showed shorter survivals following operations because of systemic metastasis including liver metastasis.
Total gastrectomy: Nutritional status after different reconstruction techniques. An experimental study
Authors: Destri Giovanni Li , Trombatore Giovanni , La Greca Gaetano , Rinzivillo Calogero , Rodolico Margherita , Desiderio Cinzia , Orsina Natale , Di Cataldo Antonio , Puleo Stefano
Published: February 2007

The authors report their experimental studies on early nutritional changes in 30 gastrectomized rats where intestinal continuity was restored by three different reconstruction methods, i.e., exclusion of the duodenum from alimentary transit (Sweet‐Allen method), or duodenal recanalization (Longmire method) or double duodenal and jejunal recanalization (Moricca method). Ten sham operated rats were used as controls. Results showed that the group of rats which underwent Longmire's reconstruction presented better nutritional parameters (body weight gain, daily food intake, feeding efficiency, albuminemia) than the Moricca and Sweet‐Allen reconstruction groups. These results became statistically significant when follow up was extended to 18 months by using an actuarial method. However, perioperative mortality rate was highest in the Longmire reconstruction group.
Estrogen receptor in carcinoma in situ of the cervix
Authors: Chaudhuri Bina , Crist Keith A. , Mucci Samuel J. , Thomford Neil R. , Chaudhuri Prabir K.
Published: February 2007

The lining epithelium of the human cervix uteri is an estrogen dependent tissue containing specific intracellular receptors for this hormone. However, the influence of estrogen on an early neoplastic lesion arising from this epithelium, such as carcinoma in situ of the cervix, has not been determined. We evaluated 24 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens of cervical carcinoma in situ for the presence of estrogen receptor by the immunoperoxidase technique. The antigenic sites of estrogen receptor were exposed by DNAse treatment followed by peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) staining with monoclonal antibody against estrogen receptor. Parallel negative controls were run using negative control antibody and rat serum. Quality control for positive staining was performed using breast cancer tissue sections from specimens with known estrogen receptor detected by the radioreceptor method. Strongly positive staining was observed in all specimens in the nuclei of glandular epithelium, stromal cells, and basal and parabasal cells. However, nuclei within carcinoma in situ of the cervix showed no evidence of positive staining. Due to lack of specific intracellular receptor for estrogen, it appears that carcinoma in situ of the cervix will not be under direct influence of estrogen.
Search for anti‐metastatic therapy: Effects of phenytoin on B16 melanoma metastasis
Authors: Dyce Michael , Sharif Setareh F. , Whalen Giles F.
Published: February 2007

The ability to metastasize requires that tumor cells be able to degrade matrix. Nontoxic compounds that inhibit matrix digestion might be useful as anti‐metastatic agents. We have investigated whether phenytoin, a drug commonly used in clinical practice that inhibits the production of collagenase by some cells, inhibits metastases in a standard animal model of metastasis: In vitro, phenytoin inhibited the proliferative response of B16 F10 melanoma cells, to serum‐containing media (75% inhibition at 25 μg/ml) Treatment of these cells with phenytoin prior to inoculation in vivo did not inhibit tumor growth, implantation in a surgical wound, or incidence of spontaneous metastases from a primary tumor growing in the foot. Pretreatment of mice with phenytoin (15, 40, and 75 mg/kg/day) diminished pulmonary metastases following tail vein injection in a minimal but dose dependent fashion; mean number of pulmonary colonies 4.6 ± 3.1 (75/mg/kg/day) vs. 10.2 ± 9.9 (control). However, tumor growth, implantation, and spontaneous metastases were not inhibited by pretreating the mice with the same doses of phenytoin. It is concluded that phenytoin has an insignificant inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis.
Merkel cell carcinoma: Report of two cases and clinical considerations
Authors: Magrini Stefano M. , Bianchi Simonetta , Mungai Valiano , Biti Gianpaolo
Published: February 2007

We present the clinical and pathological features of two cases of facial Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and a critical reappraisal of the literature on this subject. Among patients with this presentation of a rare neoplasm, the disease is very often localized (local or locoregional growth, without distant metastases). Radiotherapy seems to be highly effective in obtaining local control and possibly cure, even when used as the sole treatment method; prompt regression of the neoplastic masses has been observed in both the cases we treated. One of them, and many of those reported in the literature and treated with radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery, achieved long‐term survival.
Urinary gonadotropin fragment measurements in patients with lung and esophageal disease
Authors: D'Agostino Richard S. , Cole Laurence A. , Ponn Ronald B. , Stern Harold , Schwartz Peter E.
Published: February 2007

Urinary gonadotropin fragment (UGF), a small glycoprotein and an intracellular processing product of human chorionic gonadotropin, has been demonstrated in trophoblast tissue and in nontrophoblastic cancers. Levels of UGF were assayed in 107 patients with malignant and beinign pulmonary and esophageal lesions to determine if elevated levels were associated with the presence or progression of malignancy. There were 64 patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma, 9 with metastatic pulmonary malignancies, 7 with lymphoma, 2 with mesothelioma, 9 with esophageal carcinoma, 1 patient each with metastatic cancer to chest wall and carcinoid, and 14 patients with benign pulmonary and esophageal lesions. Sensitivity was only 24% for urine samples from patients with demonstrable cancer. Falsepositive rates were 6% and 12% for urine samples from patients with benign lesions and those without evidence of residual cancer following treatment, respectively. Although elevated levels of UGF are present in some patients with pulmonary and esophageal cancer it is neither sensitive nor specific enough for use as a tumor marker.
Thyroid carcinoma in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Miki Hitoshi , Oshimo Kazushi , Inoue Hiroyuki , Kawano Muneo , Morimoto Tadaoki , Monden Yasumasa , Yamamoto Yosuke , Kita Seizo
Published: February 2007

There have been few reports of coexistence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (2° HPT) and thyroid carcinoma. Eleven consecutive patients with 2° HPT who underwent parathyroidectomy were analyzed. They consisted of six males and five females, whose age ranged from 34 to 55 years. None of the patients had a history of irradiation of the head or neck. Associated thyroid nodules were also present in seven patients (64%): four patients with benign nodules, and three patients with papillary carcinomas, and one with papillary carcinoma and two follicular adenomas. This incidence of thyroid carcinoma in the patient group with 2° HPT (36%) was significantly higher than that of the autopsy group in the same geographical area (11%). The level of carboxyl‐terminal parathyroid hormone in the patients with thyroid carcinoma was higher than that in the patients without thyroid carcinoma (P < 0.05). The importance of searching for possible thyroid cancer in patients with 2° HPT should be emphasized.
Influence of preoperative treatment and surgical operation on immune function of patients with esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Tsutsui Shinichi , Morita Masaru , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Mori Masaki , Okamura Seichi , Sugimachi Keizo
Published: February 2007

Multiple immunological parameters, including total lymphocyte count, lymphocyte subpopulations (CD2+, CD19+, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response, and natural killer (NK) activity, were measured in 66 patients with previously untreated esophageal carcinoma. The influence of preoperative treatment and/or surgical operation on the immune function were evaluated in 40 patients. The PHA response and NK activity of the patients with esophageal carcinoma were 229 ± 103 S.I.% and 18.5 ± 11.9% lysis, respectively, and were significantly depressed as compared with the control. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio, PHA response, and NK activity in stage IV were also significantly depressed compared to that in stages I‐III. Preoperative treatment induced significant reductions in the total lymphocyte count (1,994 ± 644 to 670 ± 274/mm3), PHA response (219 ± 77 to 159 ± 59 S.I.%), and NK activity (19.7 ± 13.2 to 11.1 ± 10.3% lysis) as well as a significant gradual decrease in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio (2.09 ± 1.42 to 0.69 ± 0.48), while the surgical operation significantly influenced only the total lymphocyte count. This study demonstrates that preoperative treatment induces a more pronounced influence on the immune function than surgical operation alone, in patients with esophageal carcinoma in which the immune function is disturbed prior to these treatments.
Clinicopathological significance of c‐erbB‐2 protein expression in human gastric carcinoma
Authors: Tateishi Masahiro , Toda Tomohiro , Minamisono Yoshikazu , Nagasaki Susumu
Published: February 2007

One hundred seventy‐nine primary human gastric tumors not associated with early cancer or noncurative resection were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of c‐erbB‐2 protein. Positive staining, regarded as an indication of gene amplification, was evident in 22 (12%) of the tumors. Of various clinicopathological factors considered, a statistically significant difference in association with frequency of expression was noted only for histological differentiation, as follows: 39% positive staining in papillary, 17% in well differentiated, 5% in moderately differentiated, and 4% in undifferentiated adenocarcinomas (P > 0.01). The 5‐year survival rates of patients with positive and negative c‐erbB‐2 staining were 57% and 59%, respectively. These findings indicate that, in the case of human gastric adenocarcinoma, expression of c‐erbB‐2 protein is correlated with tumor histological differentiation. Our results also suggest that the presence or absence of c‐erbB‐2 protein may not serve as a prognostic indicator, particularly in cases of adenocarcinoma of the stomach. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endobronchial interstitial Au‐198 implantation in the treatment of recurrent bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Tomberlin Janice K. , Halperin Edward C. , Kusin Peter , Leopold Kenneth , Bentel Gunilla , George Stephen , Powers Mark , Wolfe Walter
Published: February 2007

Nineteen patients with non‐small‐cell bronchogenic carcinoma, recurrent following initial conventional external beam radiotherapy, were treated with endobronchial implantation of Au‐ 198 seeds. Seventeen patients were symptomatic with primary symptoms of persistent hemoptysis (9), bronchial obstruction (2), or worsening dyspnea (6). Two patients were asymptomatic and implanted for bronchoscopic evidence of tumor recurrence. The dose delivered was described by three dosimetric parameters: 1) the total activity implanted (m Ci); 2) the midbronchial dose point; and 3) the volume of tissue that received > 20 Gy. Response was determined based on a system reflecting the primary indication for the implant. Seven of nine (78%) presenting with hemoptysis, four of six (67%) with increasing dyspnea, and one of two with bronchial obstruction responded. The overall median survival was 5.25 months (2.5‐10 months 95% confidence interval). There was no clear correlation between any of the dosimetric pararneters evaluated and a clinical response to therapy. Technical complications related to the inability to penetrate the scirrhous tumor surface adequately often led to less than optimal dose distribution. Endobronchial Au‐ 198 implantation is associated with a poor calculated dose distribution but is, nonetheless, a relatively simple and comparatively inexpensive technique that often produces a clinical response and can be a useful option in the management of patients with recurrent bronchogenic carcinoma. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of indomethacin on acute radiation induced gastrointestinal injury: A morphologic study
Authors: Rose Peter G. , Halter Susan A. , Su Cheng M.
Published: February 2007

Radiation induced intestinal injury is a dose limiting factor in the treatment of pelvic, abdominal, and retroperitoneal malignancies with radiation therapy. In experimental models, radiation has been associated with increased intestinal prostaglandin activity and in clinical trials prostaglandin inhibitors have been demonstrated to improve the symptoms of acute radiation enteritis. This study was conducted to determine if the prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin could prevent the morphologic changes of acute radiation induced intestinal injury. Twenty‐four male rats received either parenteral indomethacin at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg per dose every 12 hours or saline from 24 hours pre‐radiation exposure until sacrifice 48 hours later. Twenty‐four control animals received identical drug dosages and anesthesia but no radiation. Radiation produced a decreased villus/crypt ratio and increased acute inflammation and degeneration. Indomethacin treated animals demonstrated significantly less polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and decreased degeneration. Villus/crypt ratio was not affected by indomethacin. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of tumor size on monoclonal antibody uptake in a metastatic model
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiko , Rivoire Michel L. , Divgi Chaitanya R. , Niedzwiechi Donna , Cohen Alfred M. , Sigurdson Elin R.
Published: February 2007

We studied the effect of tumor size on monoclonal antibody (mAb) in a murine hepatic model. Intrasplenic injection of HT‐29 LMM metastatic human colon cancer cell line reproducibly results in hepatic metastases formation in congenitally athymic mice. HT‐29‐15, a murine mAb of the IgGI class reactive with the HT‐29 LMM cell line, and BL‐3, an isotype‐matched control mAb, were labeled with iodine 125. Labeled mAbs were injected intravenously into mice with hepatic metastases. Animals were sacrificed on day 5, and tumor and normal tissue weighed and counted. Specific mAb uptake (percent injected dose per gram, %ID/g) by hepatic metastases (5.16 ± 3.96) was significantly greater than nonspecific uptake (1.41 ± 0.42) (P < 0.001). %ID/g of tumor was dependent upon the mAb used, and was independent of tumor weight; consequently, a linear correlation between tumor weight and total uptake (%ID) for specific mAb (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001) and nonspecific mAb (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001) administration was demonstrated. We have shown both specific and nonspecific mAb uptake per gram of tumor to be a constant for the given mAb/tumor system and with uptake of mAb to be linearly related to tumor weight. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐icteric pancreas head carcinoma fares worse than icteric pancreas head carcinoma
Authors: Yamaguchi Koji , Nishihara Kazuyoshi , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi
Published: February 2007

A total of 22 patients with non‐icteric pancreas head carcinoma were retrospectively compared with 61 patients with icteric pancreas head carcinoma. No significant difference was found regarding age, sex, greatest diameter, macroscopic type, microscopic type, stage, lymphatic permeation, perineural infiltration, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, and the presence of cancer cells at the surgical margins. The main location of pancreas head carcinoma could be divided into two sites: the superior (pericholedochal), and inferior or distal (excholedochal) areas of the pancreas head. Sixteen (73%) of the 22 non‐icteric pancreas head carcinomas were located in the inferior or distal area (excholedochal), while 28 (46%) of the 61 icteric pancreas head carcinomas were situated in the superior portion (pericholedochal) (P < 0.05). One (5%) of the 22 non‐icteric pancreas head carcinomas was small pancreas carcinoma, compared with 11 (18%) of the 61 icteric pancreas head carcinomas. The cumulative 2‐year and 4‐year survival rates of the 22 patients with non‐icteric pancreas head carcinoma were significantly worse than those of the 61 patients with icteric pancreas head carcinoma [7.9% vs. 24.6% (P < 0.05) and 0% vs. 13.4% (P < 0.01)]. These findings suggest that non‐icteric pancreas head carcinomas normally arise in an area far from the biliary tree, and include a greater number of large tumors. Any resulting difficulty and delay in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease will usually lead to a worsening of the clinical course of non‐icteric pancreas head carcinoma. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary hepatic tumours in children: A 26—year review
Authors: Gururangan Sri , O'Meara Anne , Macmahon Corrina , Guiney Edward J. , O'Donnell Barry , Fitzgerald Ray J. , Breatnach Fin
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐one children were admitted to a single paediatric institution between 1964–1990 with histologically proven primary liver tumours. The diagnosis was hepatoblastoma (HBL) in 15 patients, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCA) in 2, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in 2, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in 1, and haemangioendothelioma (HE) in 1. The common presenting clinical features were anaemia, abdominal mass, and abdominal pain. Serum ã‐foetoprotein was useful in establishing a diagnosis in HBL and in monitoring disease activity. Computed tomographic (CT) scan, ultrasound, and angiography were useful preoperative investigations for assessing site and resectability of tumour. There were no survivors in patients with malignant hepatic tumours (n = 10) who had surgery alone prior to 1981. Of 7 patients with HBL diagnosed after 1981 who had adequate surgical resection and chemotherapy, 5(72%) are currently alive and disease free between 15 months and 8 years from diagnosis. We conclude that adequate surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy can improve disease free survival for children with HBL. Optimal treatment has yet to be devised for other malignant hepatic tumours. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The feasibility of hind foot amputation in selected sarcomas of the foot
Authors: Ham S. John , Hoekstra Harald J. , Eisma Willem H. , Oldhoff Jan , Koops Heimen Schraffordt
Published: February 2007

The treatment of foot sarcomas is generally a below knee amputation. In selected sarcomas of the forefoot, however, a transtarsal amputation according to Chopart, a calcaneotibial arthrodesis according to Pirogoff, or a supramalleolar amputation according to Syme can be considered the treatment of choice, leading to an optimal functional outcome. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An extraskeletal chondrosarcoma arising in the brachial plexus
Authors: Steffen Christina M. , Kennedy Peter J. , Page Jonathan , Dan Noel
Published: February 2007

A case of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma of the left brachial plexus is described with emphasis on the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of this site. With combination therapy the patient survived 6 years. Recurrent disease in the plexus region and adjacent spinal cord resulted in a painful, flail limb. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whole liver intraoperative irradiation after partial hepatectomy produces minimal functional and pathologic lesions
Authors: Bellantone Rocco , Bossola Maurizio , Merrick Hollis W. , Doglietto Giovanni Battista , Ratto Carlo , Minimo Corrado , Crucitti Antonio , Valentini Vincenzo , Morganti Alessio , Cellini Numa , Marano Pasquale , Dobelbower Ralph , Crucitti Francesco
Published: February 2007

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) was delivered to remnant rat liver after partial hepatectomy to determine the chronic effects of treatment on survival, blood chemistry, liver weight, and histology. Survival at one year was 100%. Remnant liver weight was markedly increased in all animals. Liver function appeared to be unaltered in all groups and at all observation times. Inflammatory cell infiltration occurred immediately after treatment in ail animals, showing a slight progression until day 45; by day 180 the values had returned to baseline. Vascular changes were seen early in all groups, then progressively decreased; the vascular score was back to baseline at days 180 and 365. Nuclear alterations were observed in both irradiated and nonirradiated hepatic cells; in all cases these were limited to isolated or focal areas of hepatocytes. There was little fibrosis formation and by day 180 all scores were back to baseline. We conclude that the chronic effects of whole liver IORT after one‐third hepatectomy are minimal in the rat and are similar to those observed after surgeryalone. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.