bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Tadalafil in Bulk and Tablet Dosage form
Authors: Yunoos Mohammad , Sankar D.Gowri , Kumar B.Pragati , Hameed Shahul
Published: March 2012

A simple, sensitive, precise and highly accurate UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of tadalafil in bulk and tablet dosage form. Solution of tadalafil in methanol shows maximum absorbance at 284 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2‐20 mcg mL-1 with 1.65x104 mol-1 cm-1, the slope, intercept, correlation coefficient, detection and quantitation limits were also calculated. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in pure and in its tablets dosage forms. Result of percentage recovery and placebo interference shows that the method was not affected by the presence of common excipients. The method was validated by determining its sensitivity, accuracy and precision which proves suitability of the developed method for the routine estimation of tadalafil in bulk and solid dosage form.
Mineralogical Characterization Studies of Ancient Potteries of Tamilnadu, India by FT‐IR Spectroscopic Technique
Authors: Ravisankar R. , Kiruba S. , Eswaran P. , Senthilkumar G. , Chandrasekaran A.
Published: March 2012

We report the spectroscopic investigation of ancient potteries excavated in Tamilnadu. Qualitative analyses were carried out to determine the major and minor constituent minerals present in the samples from the band position or location of the peaks. From the prominent IR absorption peaks, the minerals were identified with the available literature are the quartz, orthoclase, albite, magnetite, hematite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, gypsum and calcite. The interpretation of results is made from the IR characteristics absorption bands. Spectroscopic results indicates that these potteries were refried to a less than 900 °C.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of L‐Cysteine by Bis‐3‐di‐2‐pyridylketone‐2‐thiophenylhydrazone‐iron(III) Complex in Acidic Medium
Authors: Warad Ismail , Al-Nuri Mohammed , Abu Eid Maher , Al-Othman Zeid , Al-Resayes Saud , Diab Nizam
Published: March 2012

The kinetics of oxidation of L‐cysteine by 3‐di‐2‐pyridylketone‐2‐thiophenylhydrazone‐iron(III), [Fe(DPKTH)2] 3+ complex in acidic medium was studied spectrophotometrically at 36 °C temperature. The molar ratios of DPKTH to iron(III) and iron(II) individually, were found to be [2:1] [DPKTH : iron(III)/(II)]. The reaction was stroked to be first‐order with respect to iron(III) and L‐cysteine, second‐order with respected to DPKTH ligand and reversed second‐order with respected to hydrogen ion concentration. Added salts did not affect the rate and no free radical was detected when radical detector was placed in the reaction mixture. Ethanol solvent ratio was found to effect both the initial rate and the maximum absorbance (λmax) of [Fe(DPKTH) 2]2+ complex. The initial rate rose when the temperature was increased which empowered to calculate the activation parameters. A suitable reaction mechanism was proposed.
The Development of a New Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Vanadium(V) Based on its Catalytic Effect on the Oxidation of Malachite Green Oxalate by Bromate in Acidic and Micellar Medium
Authors: Keyvanfard M. , Abedi N.
Published: March 2012

A new, simple, sensitive and selective kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of ultra trace amounts of vanadium(V). The method is based on the catalytic effect of vanadium(V) on the oxidation of malachite green oxalate (MG) by bromate in acidic and micellar medium. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of malachite green oxalate (MG) at 625 nm with a fixed‐time method. The decrease in the absorbance of MG is proportional to the concentration of vanadium(V) in the range of 1‐100 ng/mL with a fixed time of 0.5‐2 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.71 ng/mL of vanadium(V). The relative standard deviation for the determination of 5, 30, 50 ng/mL of vanadium(V) was2.5% 2.6%, 2.4% and respectively. The method was applied to the determination of vanadium(V) in water samples.
Enumeration of Antibacterial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants by Bioassay Method
Authors: Reddy B. Uma
Published: March 2012

The present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of some common locally available plants, in order to estimate the biological potential of these herbs. The alcoholic extract of Tagetes erecta L (Asteraceae), Argemone mexicana L (Papavaraceae), Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) and Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (Asclepiadaceae) were evaluated for antibacterial activity using broth dilution bioassay method. It is clear from the results that, the extracts of these plants acts as a good source of antibiotics against various bacterial pathogens tested and exhibited broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. These plant extracts were shown to be moderate to maximum inhibitory effect against different bacterial forms such as Salmonella typhii, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, where as, mild to moderate activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of these studies revealed most valuable information and also support the continued sustainable use of these plants in traditional systems of medicine.
Catalysis in Biodiesel Production by Transesterification Processes‐An Insight
Authors: Ejikeme P. M. , Anyaogu I. D. , Ejikeme C. L. , Nwafor N. P. , Egbuonu C. A. C. , Ukogu K. , Ibemesi J. A.
Published: March 2012

Biodiesel is the mono‐alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid feedstock, such as vegetable oils and animal fats, for use in compression ignition (diesel) engines. The conversion of component triglycerides in oils to simple alkyl esters with short chain alcohols like methanol and ethanol amongst others is achieved mainly by transesterification. The transesterification reaction, a reversible process proceeds appreciably by the addition of catalysts, which can be acidic, basic or organic in nature, usually in molar excess of alcohol. The economy of the process depends on the type and quantity of catalyst used among other factors. The catalyst can be homogeneous or heterogeneous depending on whether it is in the same or different phase with the reactants; oils and alcohols. This paper attempts to give an insight into some of the various types of catalysts that have been used to effect the transesterification of vegetable, waste and animal oils in biodiesel production.
Inhibition of the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Acid Media by Naturally Occurring Acacia Senegal
Authors: Garg Urvija , Tak R. K.
Published: March 2012

The inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in HCl solution by naturally occurring Acacia Senegal has been studied in relation to the concentration of inhibitor and concentration of corrosive medium. It has been observed that the Acacia Senegal alcoholic extract acts as a good corrosion inhibitor in hydrochloric acid solution and the adsorption of the extract provides a good protection against mild steel corrosion.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Bismarck Brown G Using Irradiated ZnO in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Hussein Falah H. , Halbus Ahmed F. , Hassan Hussein A. K. , Hussein Wisam A. K.
Published: March 2012

In this study, a homemade photoreactor equipped with 125w/542 high pressure mercury lamp as a source for near‐UV radiation, was used for photocatalytic degradation of aqueous solutions of Bismarck brown G, (C18H20N8Cl2),4‐[5‐(2,4‐Diamino‐5‐methylphenyl)diazenyl‐2‐methylphenyl] diazenyl ‐6‐methylbenzol‐1,3‐diamin using zinc oxide. The disappearance of the original colored reactant concentrations with irradiation time was monitored spectrophotometrically by comparison with unexposed controls. It is noticed that the photocatalytic degradation process was high at the beginning and then decreased with time following pseudo first‐order kinetics according to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. The effects of zinc oxide mass, dye concentration and temperature on photocatalytic decolorization efficiency (P.D.E.) were studied. P.D.E. reached 95.76% for Bismarck brown G after 50 minutes of irradiation at 293.15 K P.D.E. was found to increase with increasing temperature and the activation energy of photocatalytic degradation was calculated and found to be equal to 32±1 kJ mol-1.
Rapid, Sensitive and Validated Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Method for the Determination of Fenofibric Acid and its Application to Human Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Dubey Sunil K. , Tomar Manoj S. , Patni Anil Kumar , Khuroo Arshad , Reyar Simrit , Monif Tausif
Published: March 2012

The first, rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method for the determination of fenofibric acid, the active metabolite of fenofibrate, a lipid regulating agent, in human EDTA plasma has been developed and validated using fenofibric d6 acid as internal standard and Waters LC‐MS/MS. Negative ions of fenofibric acid and fenofibric d6 acid were detected in multiple reaction‐monitoring (MRM) mode. The method was validated over a concentration range of 0.176 μg/mL to 19.837 μg/mL (r ≥ 0.99). It took only 1.5 minute to analyse a sample. Intra‐ and inter‐run precision of fenofibric acid assay at four concentrations ranged from 0.5% to 4.3% with accuracy varied from 93.1 to 108.1% indicating good precision and accuracy. Analytical recoveries of fenofibric acid and internal standard in plasma were less than 90%. This method was successfully applied for evaluation of pharmacokinetics of fenofibric acid after a single oral dose of 145 mg fenofibrate to 10 Indian healthy volunteers
Pathogens and Heavy Metals Concentration in Green Leafy Vegetables
Authors: Begum Abida , Harikrishna S.
Published: March 2012

Presence of heavy metal and bacterial pathogen in randomly collected samples of green leafy from various stations of Bengaluru city was detected. Heavy metals (cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, chromium, nickel and lead) were analyzed by tri‐acid digestion method. The presence of heavy metals in general was in the order of Cd>Zn>Cu>Fe>Cr>Pb. Trace metal concentration in all green leafy vegetables of stations 1‐5 were within permissible limit and it has been exceeded in station 6‐10. This indicated high levels of soil contamination pose potential danger for the vegetables grown in the vicinity of Arakere lake, Bannerghatta road, Gottigere lake, Naganaikanakere, Bommasandra lake, Hulimavu lake, Kelaginakere and Amblipura lake. The total bacteria and coliforms were enumerated on TSA (Tryptone Soya Agar) and VRBA (Violet Red Bile Agar) media respectively. The total bacterial count in randomly collected samples of coriander ranged from 296 cfu/g to 8 cfu/g, in palak from 16 cfu/g to 0.9 cfu/g, whereas in case of cabbage was 104 cfu/g to 0.9 cfu/g which is an indication of improper pre‐harvest and post harvest handling.
Rheokinetic Analysis of Hydroxy Terminated Polybutadiene Based Solid Propellant Slurry
Authors: Mahanta Abhay K , Goyal Monika , Pathak Devendra D
Published: March 2012

The cure kinetics of propellant slurry based on hydroxy‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) polyurethane reaction has been studied by viscosity build up method. The viscosity (ɳ)–time (t) plots conform to the exponential function ɳ = aebt, where a & b are empirical constants. The rate constants (k) for viscosity build up at various shear rate (rpm), evaluated from the slope of dɳ/dt versus ɳ plots at different temperatures, were found to vary from 0.0032 to 0.0052 min-1. It was observed that the increasing shear rate did not have significant effect on the reaction rate constants for viscosity build up of the propellant slurry. The activation energy (Eɳ), calculated from the Arrhenius plots, was found to be 13.17±1.78 kJ mole-1, whereas the activation enthalpy (∆Hɳ*) and entropy (∆Sɳ*) of the propellant slurry, calculated from Eyring relationship, were found to be 10.48±1.78 kJ mole-1 and –258.51± 5.38 J mole-1K-1, respectively. The reaction quenching temperature of the propellant slurry was found to be ‐9 ° C, based upon the experimental data. This opens up an avenue for a “freeze‐and‐store”, then “warm‐up and cast”, mode of manufacturing of very large solid rocket propellant grains.
Assessment of Groundwater Pollution and its Impact in and around Punnam Area of Karur District, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Raja G. , Venkatesan P.
Published: March 2012

Various samples of groundwater were collected from different areas in and around the Punnam village of Karur District, India and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results of this analysis were compared with the water quality standards of WHO and CPHEEO. In this analysis the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, Cl-, F-, SO42-, NO3-, Na+, K+, Fe, Cr, calcium and magnesium etc., were determined using standard procedures. The quality of groundwater samples were discussed with respect to these parameters and thus an attempt were made to ascertain the quality of groundwater used for drinking and cooking purposes in the sampling areas.
Preparation and Study of Some Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) Complexes Containing Heterocyclic Nitrogen Donor Ligands
Authors: Shaker Shayma A.
Published: March 2012

This paper presents a new mixed‐ligand complexes with the general formula [M(BT)(BI)2X2] where BT=benzotriazole, BI=benzimidazole, X=SCN and M=Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II). The reaction was carried out by using the appropriate molar ratios of metal:ligand (1:1:2:2) (M:BT:BI:X) as required. The resulting products were found to be solids, not soluble in water and in ordinary organic solvents but highly soluble in DMSO. These complexes have been studied by UV‐visible, IR and (1H, 13C) NMR spectra, molar conductivity, elemental analysis of C, H, N, determination of metal and magnetic susceptibility. The result suggests that the benzimidazoleas as a monodentate was coordinated with the metal ions through the N atom. Nevertheless, the benzotriazole as bidentate was coordinated with the metal ions through the N2 and N3 atoms. SCN was coordinated with the metal ions through the nitogen atom.
Anti Epileptic Activity of Morinda citrifolia Linn Fruit Extract
Authors: Muralidharan P. , Srikanth J.
Published: March 2012

Fruit extract of Morinda citrifolia (Noni), a medicinal plant used in many neuro protective ayurvedic preparations was evaluated for its protective effect against seizures induced by Maximal Electro Shock (MES) method in rats. A daily dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract was administered to the animals for 15 days, after which seizures were induced by maximum electro shock method and the duration of various phases of epileptic attacks were recorded and compared with the control animals. A significant (P<0.01 and P<0.001) reduction in the time taken for righting reflex (recovery) was noted in the experimental animals. The levels of biogenic amines such as dopamine, serotonin and nor‐adrenaline in the forebrain region were also estimated and a significant level of restoration was opserved in the extract treated animals. Significant results were opserved in the estimated parameters thereby justifying the use of this medicinal plant in the treatment of epilepsy.
One Pot Synthetic Method of New Keto Diphenyl Selenide Compounds
Authors: Mechehoud Youcef , Benayache F. , Benayache S. , Mosset P.
Published: March 2012

A series of hitherto unreported mono‐ and di‐keto diphenyl selenides have been efficiently synthesized in high yields by treatment of diphenyl selenide (1) with appropriately substituted acyl chloride using anhydrous aluminum chloride as catalyst and methylene chloride as solvent. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by elemental and spectral analysis.
Physicochemical Analysis of Selected Groundwater Samples of Amalner Town inJalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Patil V. T. , Patil P. R.
Published: March 2012

Physicochemical characteristics of groundwater and municipal water in Amalner town by taking water samples from five different stations. The study was carried out by collecting four groundwater samples (Two open well, two bore well) and one municipal water sample during November 2007‐February 2008. The results were compared with standards prescribed by WHO and ISI 10500‐91. Total 15 parameters were analysed. It was found that the underground water was contaminated at few sampling sites namely Shirud Naka, Cotton Market and Shivaji Nagar. The sampling sites Dekhu road showed physicochemical parameters within the water quality standards and the quality of water is good and it is fit for drinking purpose. The correlation coefficients were calculated for water quality assessment.
Development and Validation of RP‐HPLC Method for the Estimation of Gemifloxacin Mesylate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Mohammad Yunoos , Kumar B. Pragati , Hussain Azmath , Harish
Published: March 2012

A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of gemifloxacin mesylate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The quantification was carried out using cyberlab capcell pak, ODS C18 (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) column in an isocratic mode, with mobile phase comprising Buffer (KH2PO4 with pH 6.8): acetonitrile in the ratio of 80:20 (%v/v).The flow rate was at 1.2 mL/min and the detection was carried out at 265 nm. The retention time of the drug was found to be 7.47 min and the method produced linear response in the concentration range of 25‐150 μg/mL (R∼0.99986). The recovery studies were also carried out and % RSD from reproducibility was found to be 0.82. The proposed method was statistically evaluated and can be applied for routine quality control analysis of gemifloxacin mesylate in tablets.
UV Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Olmesartan Medoxomil in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Hemke A. T. , Bhure M. V. , Chouhan K. S. , Gupta K. R. , Wadodkar S. G.
Published: March 2012

A simple, specific, accurate, precise and reproducible method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of hydrochlorothiazide and Olmesartan medoxomil in combined dosage form by UV spectrophotometric method. UV spectrophotometric method includes Simultaneous equation method (Method I) 271.5 nm and 257.0 nm λmax of both the drugs were selected, absorbance Ratio method (Method II) 261.5 nm an isoabsorptive wavelength and 257.0 nm were selected for estimation of hydrochlorothiazide and Olmesartan medoxomil respectively and Three‐wavelength method (Method III), two wavelengths were selected such that hydrochlorothiazide give same absorbances (263.8 and 278.4 nm) at two selected wavelength while third wavelength (316.5 nm) was such that olmesartan gives nearly zero absorbance. The two drugs follow Beer’s law over the concentration range of 5‐25 μg/mL. The % recoveries of the both the drugs were found to be nearly 100 % representing the accuracy of the proposed methods. Validation of the proposed methods was carried out for its accuracy, precision, specificity and ruggedness according to ICH guidelines. The proposed methods can be successfully applied in routine work for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide and olmesartan medoximil in combined dosage form.
A Green Solventless Protocol for the Synthesis of β‐Enaminones and β‐Enamino Esters Using Silica Sulfuric Acid as a Highly Efficient, Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst
Authors: Hasaninejad Alireza , Zare Abdolkarim , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad Rez , Shekouhy Mohsen , Moosavi-Zare Ahmad Reza
Published: March 2012

Silica sulfuric acid is utilized as a green, highly efficient, heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the preparation of β‐enaminones and β‐enamino esters from amines and β‐dicarbonyl compounds under solvent‐free conditions at 80 °C. Using this method, the title compounds are produced in high to excellent yields and in short reaction times.
The Geoaccumulation Index of Some Heavy Metals in Al‐Hawizeh Marsh, Iraq
Authors: Al-Haidarey M. J. S. , Hassan F. M. , Al-Kubaisey A. R. A. , Douabul A. A. Z.
Published: March 2012

Heavy metals have a great ecological significance due to their toxicity and accumulative behavior. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) in 10 stations in Al‐Hawizeh Marsh, (i.e Al‐Adaim (I & II), Um Al‐Neaj (I & II), Um‐Awarded, North Al‐Soudah, South Al‐Soudah, Al‐Beda, Lissan Ejerdah and Majnoon) were calculated in this article. The sediment pollution was investigated by following the concentration of six heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu and Pb). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) was used for analysis. According to the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) the results of all the 10 stations were analyzed and discussed in detailed.
Simultaneous HPTLC Estimation of Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Shrestha Bhupendra , Stephenrathinaraj B. , Patel Sita Sharan , Verma N. K. , Mazumder R.
Published: March 2012

A method enabling the precise and quick simultaneous analysis of simvastatin and ezetimibe in tablet formulation by high performance thin layer chromatography has been presented. Samples of simvastatin and ezetimibe in organic solvents were separated on a plate coated with silica gel 60 F‐254 and the chromatograms were developed using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (9.5: 0.5 %v/v). The method has a linearity range of 40‐280 ng.mL-1 for both the drugs when scanned at 254 nm. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 30 and 100 ng.band-1 respectively, for both the drugs. The mean percent recovery was found to be 100.65 and 101.55 for simvastatin and ezetimibe. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision studies were carried out with mean RSD of 0.88 and 1.27 for ezetimibe and 1.35 and 1.50 for simvastatin.
Synthesis and Investigation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of 3‐Nitro‐N‐ (3‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐substituted‐phenyl‐azetidin‐1‐yl)naphtho [2,1‐b]furan‐2‐carboxamides
Authors: Devi K. Shashikala , Ramaiah M. , Roopa D. L. , Vaidya V. P.
Published: March 2012

Ethyl‐3‐nitronaphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐carboxylate (2) has been synthesized from ethyl naphtha [2,1‐b]furan‐2‐carboxylate (1). This nitro product on reaction with hydrazine hydrate formed 3‐nitronaphtho [2,1‐b] furan‐2‐carbohydrazide (3). Various Schiff bases 3‐nitro‐N1(aryl‐methylene)‐substituted‐naphtho [2,1‐b]furan‐2‐carbohydrazides 4(a-g) were obtained by treating hydrazide (3) with different aldehydes. These Schiff bases on reaction with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of triethylamine in dioxane yielded 3‐nitro‐N‐(3‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐substituted‐phenyl‐azetidine‐1‐yl) naphtha [2,1‐b]furan‐2‐carboxamides 5(a-g). All the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by spectral and analytical studies. The Schiff bases, 4a-g and azetidione derivatives, 5a-g have been studied for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Development and Validation of RP‐HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Rabeprazole Sodium and Itopride Hydrochloride in Solid Dosage Form
Authors: Sharma Rajesh , Mishra Ganesh Prasad , Chaturvedi Subhash Chandra
Published: March 2012

A simple, sensitive, precise, accurate, rapid and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic procedure is developed for simultaneous determination of rabeprazole sodium and itopride hydrochloride in solid dosage form. The mobile phase used was a combination of acetonitrile: buffer (35:65 v/v) and the pH was adjusted to 7.0 ± 0.1 by addition of triethylamine. The detection of the capsule dosage form was carried out at 266 nm and a flow rate employed was 1 mL/min. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 2 to 16 μg/mL of rabeprazole sodium and 5 to 55 μg/mL of itopride hydrochloride with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992 and 0.9996 respectively. The results of the analysis were validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method.
Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Nebivolol Hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Rao A. Lakshmana , Rajeswari K. R. , Sankar G. G.
Published: March 2012

A simple, sensitive, highly accurate spectrophotometric method in UV region has been developed for the determination of nebivolol hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Nebivolol hydrochloride is an antihypertensive drug, which shows maximum absorbance at 281 nm with apparent molar absorptivity of 5.37208 × 103 mol-1 cm-1. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 4‐60 μg/mL. The slope, intercept and correlation coefficient were also calculated. The proposed method has been successfully used for the analysis of the drug in pure and its tablet dosage forms. Results of percentage recovery shows that the method was not affected by the presence of common excipients. The percentage assay of nebivolol hydrochloride was 98.75 and 99.02 respectively. The method was validated by sensitivity and precision which proves suitability of proposed method for the routine estimation of nebivolol in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
Reduction of Ash Content in Raw Coal Using Acids and Alkali
Authors: Shivaprasad K. H. , Nagabhushana M. M. , Venkataiah C.
Published: March 2012

Ash, an inorganic matter present in coal is amenable for dissolution using suitable reagents. Thus the dissolution of ash and its subsequent removal reduces the release of many toxic elements into the environment by coal based industries. Removal of ash also enhances the calorific value. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to reduce the ash content of raw coal obtained from nearest thermal power by using hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. A series of leaching experiments were conducted on coal of different size fractions by varying the parameters like concentration, temperature and time of leaching. The results indicate that it is possible to remove nearly 75% of ash from coal sample by leaching.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic and Insecticidal Activities Study of 4(4′‐Bromophenyl)‐6‐substituted‐aryl‐1‐acetyl pyrimidine‐2‐thiols
Authors: Bamnela Rita , Shrivastava S. P.
Published: March 2012

A new series of 4(4′‐bromophenyl)‐6‐substituted aryl‐1‐acetyl pyrimidine‐2‐thiol derivatives were synthesized by heating chalcones with thiourea, in the presence of ethanolic potassium hydroxide, followed by treatment with acetyl chloride. The structure of the compounds was characterized by IR and H1 NMR spectral study and elemental analysis. The compounds were screened for their antimicrobial, anthelmintic and insecticidal activities. All the compounds exhibited significant to moderate biological activities.
Study of Micellar Behavior of Crown Ether and Tetraethylammonium Bromide in Aqueous Media
Authors: Singh R. D. , Garg Rajni
Published: March 2012

Conductivity measurements have been carried out to study the micellar behavior of tetraethylammonium bromide in presence of 15‐crown‐5 in aqueous media. The measurements were carried out at 298.15 K as a function of surfactant concentration with varying concentrations of crown ether. The influence of this association on the micellar parameters, such as the cmc (critical micellization concentration) and β (degree of counterion dissociation) have been analyzed. Thermodynamics of the systems were discussed in terms of the change in free energy of micellisation, ΔG0m by applying the charged pseudo‐phase separation model. The trend shows that the micellization becomes less spontaneous in presence of crown ether. The influence of the presence of the inclusion complex on the micellization process of the surfactant has been studied.
Ultrasonicated Synthesis of N‐Benzyl‐2,3‐substituted Morpholines, via the Mitsunobu Diol Cyclisation
Authors: Reddy B. Jayachandra , Reddy M. C. Somasekhara
Published: March 2012

A facile five step synthesis of N‐benzyl‐2,3‐substituted morpholines (i-iii) was performed. The key steps were microwave assisted Friedel‐crafts acylation and diol cyclization carried out via an ultra sonication of Mitsunobu reaction using DEAD (diethylazodicarboxylate), TPP in THF for 1 h. The morpholine products were generated as diasteriomers (ii andiii) which has been separated by the column chromatography to good yield. The structure of compounds (i-iii) has been characterized by the spectral and chemical studies.
Removal of Grey BL from Dye Wastewater by Derris (Pongamia Glabra) Leaf Powder by Adsorption
Authors: Mugugan T. , Ganapathi A. , Valliappan R.
Published: March 2012

The dye, Grey BL was adsorbed on an adsorbent prepared from mature leaves of the Pungan tree (Pongamia glabra). A batch adsorption study was carried out with variable adsorbate concentration, adsorbent amount and pH. Ninety three percent of the dye could be removed by 2 g of the derris leaf powder from 1 L of an aqueous solution containing 25 mg of the dye at 300 K. The adsorption followed pseudo first order kinetics with a mean rate constant of 3.73 ×10-3 min-1 and an intraparticle diffusion rate constant of 6.36 x10-2 mg g-1 min-0.5. A possible mechanism of adsorption was suggested on the basis of concurrently operating surface adsorption and pore diffusion. The experimental data yielded excellent fits with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The Langmuir monolayer capacity had a mean value of 8.27 mg g-1. The results indicated that the dye, Grey BL, strongly interacts with a biomass‐based adsorbent, the Derris (Pongamia glabra) leaf powder.
Syntheses, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some 1, 3, 5‐Trisubustituted Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Gautam Vertika , Chawla Viney , Sonar Pankaj k. , Saraf Shailendra K.
Published: March 2012

A series of 1, 3, 5‐trisubustituted pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity. The compounds (2j-o) were evaluated against two gram‐positive and two gram‐negative bacteria and one fungus, at concentrations of 10 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL. The compounds were founds to be inactive against P. aeruginosa and A. niger but exhibited moderate activity against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus. It can be concluded that the newly synthesized compounds possess promising antimicrobial activity.
Synthesis and Studies of Novel Optically Active Schiff’s Base Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Patel Ishwar J. , Parmar Shailesh J.
Published: March 2012

Several new Schiff’s base derivatives were prepared by condensing various substituted benzaldehyde with 1‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐2‐{4‐[(S)‐(4‐chlorophenyl)(phenyl) methyl]‐1‐piperazinyl}ethanone in presence of acid catalyst under reflux condition. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.
A Study of Superficial Sediments and Aquifers in Parts of Uyo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria, Using Electrical Sounding Method
Authors: Evans U. F. , George N. J. , Akpan A. E. , Obot I. B. , Ikot A. N.
Published: March 2012

Resistivity sounding method using Schlumberger electrodes configuration was employed to investigate the goe‐eletrical properties of the subsurface in parts of Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Within the maximum electrode spread, the area studied show sandy beds with five layers of various thicknesses. The subsurface sediment harbours a thick aquifer buried in 20.0 m from the surface of the earth and it is exposed to earth surface at VES 13 and 14. The resistivity range for the aquifer layer is between 1,050 ‐ 9,300 Ωm and thickness is above 80.0 m.
Development and Statistical Validation of Spectrophotometric Methods for the Estimation of Nabumetone in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Rote A. R. , Bhalerao S. R.
Published: March 2012

Three new simple, economic spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the estimation of nabumetone in bulk and tablet dosage form. First method includes determination of nabumetone at absorption maxima 330 nm, second method applied was area under curve for analysis of nabumetone in the wavelength range of 326‐334 nm and third method was First order derivative spectra with scaling factor 4. Beer law obeyed in the concentration range of 10‐30 μg/mL for all three methods. The correlation coefficients were found to be 0.9997, 0.9998 and 0.9998 by absorption maxima, area under curve and first order derivative spectra. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by performing recovery studies. The mean percent recoveries were found satisfactory for all three methods. The developed methods were also compared statistically using one way ANOVA. The proposed methods have been successfully applied for the estimation of nabumetone in bulk and pharmaceutical tablet dosage form.
Synthesis of Diindolylmethanes (DIMs) Catalyzed by Silicotungstic Acid by Grinding Method
Authors: Li Ji-Tai , Sun Shao-Feng
Published: March 2012

The synthesis of diindolylmethanes (DIMs) via the condensation of indole and aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by silicotungstic acid was carried out in 68%~98% yields at room temperature within 1~5 min by grinding. This method provides several advantages such as operational simplicity, higher yield and environment friendly.
Treatment of Textile Wastewaterby Adsorption and Coagulation
Authors: Patel Himanshu , Vashi R. T.
Published: March 2012

The composite of wastewater treatment was carried out using activated charcoal as adsorbent to remove COD, BOD, color in which various parameters like adsorbent dose, contact duration, temperature and agitator speed were considered. The adsorbent behavior can be explained on the basis of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Maximum removal (87.6, 81.0 and 90.0%) of COD, BOD and color respectively was found at adsorbent dosage of 11 g/L. Also, the textile mill wastewater was treated with different doses of coagulants like alum, ferric sulphate and ferrous sulphate at constant contact duration (4 hours) and room temperature (300 K). Percentage reduction (maximum) corresponds to 80.2, 74.0 and 84.9% was obtained for removal of COD, BOD and color respectively.
Effect of Vacuum Annealing on the Optoelectric and Morphological Properties of F16CuPc Thin Films
Authors: Koshy Raji , Menon C. S.
Published: March 2012

The effect of vacuum annealing temperature on optical and electrical properties of vacuum evaporated F16CuPc thin films have been studied spectrophotometer and Kiethely electrometer respectively. The band gap energy both fundamental and excitonic remains unchanged when the annealing temperature increased. The optical constants of thin films are obtained by means of thin film spectrophotometry. From the electrical study, the activation energies of the films, in the intrinsic region and impurity region have been determined from the Arrhenious plots of lnσ versus 1000/T. Optical data have been obtained from both absorption and reflectivity spectra over the wavelength range 200‐800 nm. The absorption coefficient α and extinction coefficient k are estimated from the spectrum. The mechanism of optical absorption follows the rule of direct transition. Using α and k, the refractive index and the dielectric constants are determined. The SEM investigations are F16CuPc thin films are expected to find application in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices such as organic transistors and LED devices.
Gender Differences in Self-Reported Symptoms of Depression among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Frazier Lorraine , Yu Erica , Sanner Jennifer , Liu Fang , Udtha Malini , Cron Stanley , Coulter Stephanie , Bogaev Roberta C.
Published: March 2012

This study examined the prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms and the self reported somatic depressive symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) among patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and explored the impact of gender on both. A convenience sample of 789 adults (248 women and 541 men) was recruited for the study during hospital admission for ACS and participants were screened for self-reported depressive symptoms. BDI-II scores of ≥14 indicate a moderate level of depressive symptoms and this cut-off score was used to categorize patients into depressed and non-depressed groups. Pearson chi-square tests for independence (categorical variables) andttests for independent samples (continuous variables) were used for gender comparisons. Results showed that depressive symptoms during ACS episodes were different between women and men. Women reported greater overall depressive symptoms (BDI-II mean = 11.89, S.D. = 9.68) than men (BDI-II mean = 9.00, S.D. = 7.93) (P<0.000). Significantly more women (7.66%) were identified positive for somatic depressive symptoms (sleep and appetite disturbances and fatigue) than men (2.22%) (P=0.0003). Findings support that there are gender differences in depressive symptoms experienced by patients hospitalized for ACS. Somatic symptoms of depression may be important indicators of depression especially among female ACS patients.
The Need for Continued Development of Ricin Countermeasures
Authors: Reisler Ronald B. , Smith Leonard A.
Published: March 2012

Ricin toxin, an extremely potent and heat-stable toxin produced from the bean of the ubiquitousRicinus communis(castor bean plant), has been categorized by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a category B biothreat agent that is moderately easy to disseminate. Ricin has the potential to be used as an agent of biological warfare and bioterrorism. Therefore, there is a critical need for continued development of ricin countermeasures. A safe and effective prophylactic vaccine against ricin that was FDA approved for “at risk” individuals would be an important first step in assuring the availability of medical countermeasures against ricin.
Unusual Presentation of a Colonic Sarcoidosis
Authors: Daldoul Sami , Triki Wissem , El Jeri Kaouther , Zaouche Abdeljelil
Published: March 2012

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown cause that affects almost every tissue in the body. Colon is an extremely rare location of this disease. Clinical presentation, endoscopic appearances, and radiologic findings are not specific and may mimic much other affection. We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with inactive pulmonary sarcoidosis who presented alternating constipation and diarrhea. Colonoscopy revealed a stenotic tumor in the ascending colon. Histology failed to determine the nature of the lesion. Radiologic findings are those of a long stenotic tumor of the ascending colon associated with a multiple satellite lymphadenopathy. Endoscopic and radiologic descriptions are highly suggestive of a malignancy. The patient underwent a laparotomy, and a right hemicolectomy was performed. Examination of the resected specimen showed follicular structure with central epitheloid and giant cells and surrounding fibroblasts. These findings made the diagnosis of colonic sarcoidosis. The nonspecificity of the endoscopic and radiological signs of gastrointestinal sarcoidosis and the extreme rarity of colonic location make the preoperative diagnosis unlikely. The diagnosis will be then made only on histological examination of surgical specimens. We describe, through this observation, the results of paraclinical investigations that can suggest diagnosis and perhaps avoid surgery.
Long-Term Cultured Human Term Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Maternal Origin Displays Plasticity
Authors: Sabapathy Vikram , Ravi Saranya , Srivastava Vivi , Srivastava Alok , Kumar Sanjay
Published: March 2012

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an alluring therapeutic resource because of their plasticity, immunoregulatory capacity and
ease of availability. Human BM-derived MSCs have limited proliferative capability, consequently, it is challenging to
use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Hence, placental MSCs of maternal origin, which is
one of richest sources of MSCs were chosen to establish long-term culture from the cotyledons of full-term human placenta.
Flow analysis established bonafied MSCs phenotypic characteristics, staining positively for CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105 and negatively for CD14, CD34, CD45 markers. Pluripotency of the cultured MSCs was assessed by in vitro differentiation towards not only intralineage cells like adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and myotubules cells but also translineage differentiated towards pancreatic progenitor cells, neural cells, and retinal cells displaying plasticity. These cells did not significantly alter cell cycle or apoptosis pattern while maintaining the normal karyotype; they also have limited expression of MHC-II antigens and are Naive for stimulatory factors CD80 and CD 86. Further soft agar assays revealed that placental MSCs do not have the ability to form invasive colonies. Taking together all these characteristics into consideration, it indicates that placental MSCs could serve as good candidates for development and progress of stem-cell based therapeutics.
The Risk of Regurgitation and Pulmonary Aspiration in a Patient after Gastric Banding
Authors: Thekkethodika Abdulvahab
Published: March 2012

Laparoscopic gastric banding is a popular surgical treatment performed to control morbid obesity all over the world. Regurgitation of food material from stomach is very common in these patients. Remnants of food material may risk the airway for pulmonary aspiration. This case experience shows that despite the extended fasting period, airway is not protected from the risk of aspiration. Delayed gastric emptying and altered gastroesophageal motility keep the food materials in the stomach and precipitate regurgitation. So any such patient should be considered as full stomach. Airway manipulation in these patients should be under direct laryngoscopic vision and rapid sequence induction with endotracheal intubation should be considered as mandatory for general anesthesia.
Natural History of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Antecedents and Progression
Authors: Shukla Garima , Prasad Asuri N.
Published: March 2012

Temporal lobe epilepsy represents the largest group of patients with treatment resistant/medically intractable epilepsy undergoing epilepsy surgery. The underpinnings of common forms of TLE in many instances begin in early life with the occurrence of an initial precipitating event. The first epileptic seizure often occurs after a variable latency period following this event. The precise natural history and progression following the first seizure to the development of TLE, its subsequent resolution through spontaneous remission or the development of treatment resistant epilepsy remain poorly understood. Our present understanding of the role played by these initial events, the subsequent latency to development of temporal lobe epilepsy, and the emergence of treatment resistance remains incomplete. A critical analysis of published data suggest that TLE is a heterogeneous condition, where the age of onset, presence or absence of a lesion on neuroimaging, the initial precipitating event, association with febrile seizures, febrile status epilepticus, and neurotropic viral infections influence the natural history and outcome. The pathways and processes through which these variables coalesce into a framework will provide the basis for an understanding of the natural history of TLE. The questions raised need to be addressed in future prospective and longitudinal observational studies.
Trastuzumab and Gemcitabine in Pretreated HER2 Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Our Series
Authors: Di Lauro Vincenzo , Torrisi Elena , Bidoli Ettore , Quitadamo Daniela , Cecco Sara , Veronesi Andrea
Published: March 2012

Trastuzumab-based regimes improved clinical outcome in women with overexpressing HER2 metastatic breast cancer, mainly due to the availability of different combination therapies, clinically active and well tolerated. In this study we retrospectively evaluated clinical activity and toxicity of trastuzuamb plus gemcitabine regimen in heavily pretreated HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer patients. Although the observed population was heavily pretreated, the evaluated regimen was notably effective in terms of response rate, time to progression and survival, with very mild toxicity. These data suggest that in over expressing HER2 metastatic breast cancer patients, sequential trastuzumab based chemotherapeutic regimens can achieve good response rate with prolonged TTP in responding patients, even after other target therapy such as lapatinib based combinations.
Histology and Mucous Histochemistry of the Integument and Body Wall of a Marine Polychaete Worm,Ophryotrochan. sp. (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) Associated with Steelhead Trout Cage Sites on the South Coast of Newfoundland
Authors: Murray H. M. , Gallardi D. , Gidge Y. S. , Sheppard G. L.
Published: March 2012

Histology and mucous histochemistry of the integument and body wall of a marine polychaete worm,Ophryotrochan. sp. (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with Steelhead trout cage sites on the south coast of Newfoundland. A new species of polychaete (Ophryotrochan. sp. (Annelida: Dorvilleidae)) was identified from sediment below Steelhead trout cages on the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada. The organisms were observed to produce a network of mucus in which groups of individuals would reside. Questions regarding the nature and cellular source of the mucus were addressed in this study. Samples of worms were taken from below cages and transported to the laboratory where individuals were fixed for histological study of the cuticle and associated mucus histochemistry. The body wall was organized into segments with an outer cuticle that stained strongly for acid mucopolysaccharides. The epidermis was thin and supported by loose fibrous connective tissue layers. Channels separating individual segments were lined with cells staining positive for Alcian blue. Mucoid cellular secretions appeared thick and viscous, strongly staining with Alcian blue and Periodic Acid Schiff Reagent. It was noted that lateral channels were connected via a second channel running through the anterior/posterior axis. The role of mucus secretion is discussed.
A Family History of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Induced by Viral Myocarditis
Authors: Cognet Thomas , Lairez Olivier , Marchal Pauline , Roncalli Jérôme , Galinier Michel
Published: March 2012

Myocarditis can lead to acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or sudden death and later, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with chronic heart failure. We report the cases of two DCM induced by acute and past myocarditis in the same family and expressed by its two main complications within few weeks: an hemodynamic presentation as a fulminant myocarditis rapidly leading to cardiac tranplantation and a rythmologic presentation as an electrical storm leading to catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia. These cases ask the question of the family predisposition to viral myocarditis leading to DCM.
High‐Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of the v1 + v4 Band of 14NF3:Reductions of the Rovibrational Hamiltonian
Authors: Najib Hamid , Hmimou Siham , Msahal Hicham
Published: March 2012

The high‐resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrum of nitrogen trifluoride NF3 has been studied in the v1 + v4 perpendicular band region around 1523 cm−1. All experimental data have been refined applying various reduction forms of the effective rovibrational Hamiltonian developed for an isolated degenerate state of a symmetric top molecule. The v1 = v4 = 1 excited state of the 14NF3 oblate molecule was treated with models taking into account ℓ‐ and k‐type intravibrational resonances. Parameters up to sixth order have been accurately determined and the unitary equivalence of the derived parameter sets in different reductions was demonstrated.