bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Postoperative Pain After Single- and Multiple-Visit Root Canal Treatment in Patients Reporting in the Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bhugra Priyanka , Singla Munish , Kaur Harleen , Mittal Litik , Gupta Saloni , Kaur Savrose
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to conduct a human study to determine the incidence of postobturation pain using different parameters. In this cross-sectional study, 240 patients were included, which were equally allocated into two groups: single visit and multiple visit, 120 in each. Patients in both the single and multiple visits were further categorized into two subgroups, subgroup 1—no occlusal reduction and subgroup 2—occlusion reduction each having 60 patients. Corresponding to the type of visit, patients were followed by the role of medication into two groups, subgroup 1—both analgesics and antibiotics, subgroup 2—only analgesics, and subgroup 3—no medication. Following this approach and the criteria of the study, patients’ performa was made, and based on this performa, the intensity of subjective symptoms, particularly postobturation pain, was determined using the visual analog scale (VAS). The data were then analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results were such that a single visit, no occlusal reduction, and only analgesics will be better for patients with irreversible pulpitis as chosen in the present study. Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that single-sitting root canal treatment should be preferred over multiple sitting where there is no periapical inflammation; also, the occlusal reduction could be exempted from the same. To relieve the patient from postoperative pain where complete debridement is possible, antibiotics can be excluded from the regimen and only analgesics could be prescribed.
Effect of Dextrose Cross-Linked Glutaraldehyde Hydrogel on Wound Healing Activity
Authors: Senthil Keerthana , Kalpana R , Kumar Vinay
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Dextrose cross-linked glutaraldehyde hydrogels are effective and promising drug delivery candidates. The addition of chitosan with dextrose resulted in the polymerization of material which resulted in the production of a gel-like structure that was highly viscous and had gelling properties. A swelling and absorption assay was conducted on the hydrogel. The dextrose cross-linked hydrogel has a higher absorption potential for distilled water followed by PBS and the least absorption was observed in the ethanol. Dextrose cross-linked hydrogel favors solubility in distilled water as compared to other solvents. The amoxicillin release by the dextrose cross-linked hydrogel was then tested. The result from drug release demonstrates that the dextrose cross-linked hydrogel released more than 55% of the amoxicillin in 2 hours and the remaining portion of the drug remaining. Therefore, it has a slow drug-release property, and it can be used for further wound-healing studies.
Studies on Anticancer Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Justicia gendarussa on Lung Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Lavanya Ravi , Vimal S
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The aim of study’s goal was to look into the anticancer efficacy of a methanolic extract of Justicia gendarussa against a lung cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods:

Cell viability assays and cell and nuclear morphology examinations were used to evaluate the anticancer efficacy against methanolic extract of Justicia gendarussa on lung cancer cell lines. The IC50 doses were calculated using different concentrations of Justicia gendarussa extract (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 μg/mL).

Results:

The results of MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay revealed that the percentage of viability in treated cells was significantly lower as compared with untreated control groups, which represented as 100%, and an inhibitory concentration of 40 μg/mL was observed. Under a phase-contrast microscope, morphological changes revealed cell shrinkage and cytoplasmic membrane blebbing. The apoptotic nuclei (intensely colored, broken nuclei, and compacted chromatin) were examined under a fluorescence microscope.

Conclusions:

The outcome of the research work on Justicia gendarussa was investigated for anticancer properties. The results revealed the proapoptotic and cytotoxic effects of Justicia gendarussa extract on lung cancer cell lines. From the above results and findings, it could be concluded that the Justicia gendarussa methanolic leaf extract exhibited potent anticancer activity against a lung cancer cell line. Further study needs to be conducted to investigate the active chemicals in the extract as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its anticancer benefits.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Solanum trilobatum L. Aqueous Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Sakthiraj Aksitha
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Solanum trilobatum L. (Solanaceae), commonly known as nightshade, has been traditionally used by various populations to treat a variety of ailments. Environment-friendly alternatives to chemical and physical procedures for the synthesis of nanomaterials have been proposed. In this research, the hot plate combustion method is used to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate and S. trilobatum leaf extract. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests, the cubic phase was face-centered, had good crystallinity, and had average crystallite sizes. According to morphological studies, the surface has a cylindrical and rod-like morphology, and average particle size estimates from UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), concur well with XRD, and the bio-reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the human pathogenic microorganisms were used to investigate the antibacterial efficacy (12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL) of these biologically created silver nanoparticles.
Impact of Bio-impedance Emitted from Wearable Smart Watches on Skin Microbiota: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kumar Deepthi S. , Sankar Manimuthu M.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Smart watches (SWs), which offer users a variety of features including bio-impedance measurements, have grown significantly in popularity as wearable health monitoring devices. Electrical currents are used in bio-impedance technology to measure things like body composition and hydration levels. However, little is known about how these electrical currents might affect the skin’s microbiota, which is vital for preserving skin health. This summary of the possible effects of bio-impedance measurements from SWs on the skin microbiota is intended. Hence, we tried to explore the effect of impedance emitted from smart watches on the skin microbiota. A total of 20 volunteers were recruited, and their skin microbial load was enumerated from the impedance-exposed region at two different time intervals and compared with non-exposed region. We found an overall 57% reduction of microbial load on impedance-exposed regions as compared to non-exposed regions. Impedance significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced the microbial load. Despite preliminary data pointing to a potential connection between bio-impedance readings from SWs and skin microbiota, further research is required to understand the impact of SWs on the human skin.
Antimicrobial Activity and Biological Compatibility Study of Methanolic Crude Extract of Senna auriculata (Flower)
Authors: Rahman Ahamed Fahmeedha Kansul , Venkatesan Santhosh , Manivannan Nandhagopal , Alex Arockia , Brahma Neha
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Senna auriculata is a little flowering tree or shrub that is indigenous to India and Sri Lanka. It is also known by the names Tanner’s Cassia and Avarampoo. It is a member of the Fabaceae family and is popular for its therapeutic and beautifying effects. S. auriculata is used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of conditions, including diabetes, fever, inflammation, skin problems, and liver issues. However, the antimicrobial activity of different species of S. auriculata from Tamil Nadu is still not fully explored. In this present study, the antimicrobial activity of S. auriculata (Flower) was obtained and shade dried and extracted the crude metabolites the, extracted metabolites was screened for it’s antimicrobial properties and biological compatibility. The antimicrobial activity of crude metabolites shows 14 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI) for S. aureus at 2 mg/well, whereas the P. aeruginosa and C. albicans show 12 mm ZOI for at 2 mg/well concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration also shows the 128 μg/mL for S. aureus and 256 μg/mL P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. The biological compatibility of crude metabolites shows 5% of hemolytic activity at higher concentrations the compound the metabolites having S. auriculata (Flower) may be biologically compatible.
Phytosynthesis of Eco-Friendly Silver Nanoparticles Using Lawsonia Innermis (L) and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Senthilkumaran Soowrish
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The present study, plant extract to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), is an environmentally benign way to lessen the use of dangerous chemicals.

Aims and Objectives:

The antibacterial effects of the green production of AgNPs by Lawsonia inermis extract were examined.

Materials and Methods:

Utilizing scanning, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, researchers examined the physical and chemical characteristics of synthesized AgNPs.

Results:

Ag-NPs have the highest peak in visible light at 460 nm, according to UV-vis analysis. When silver nanocrystals were structurally characterized, peaks that matched Bragg’s diffractions were found, with average crystallite sizes ranging from 28 to 60 nm. Examining Ag-NPs’ antibacterial properties, it was shown that all microbes are extremely sensitive to these biologically produced Ag-NPs.

Conclusion:

Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus were tested for the antimicrobial properties of AgNPs synthesized.
Pharmacological Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract and Application for its Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Naven Kumar RK , Sivalingam Azhagu Madhavan , Alex Arockia , Brahma Neha
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Nanoparticles prepared from bio-reduction agents are of keen interest to researchers around the globe due to their ability to mitigate the harmful effects of chemicals. In this regard, the present study aims to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). CuNPs show a characteristic absorption peak at 347 nm, while SEM reveals the spherical but agglomerated shape of CuNPs of the size within the range of 51.26–56.66 nm. The crystallite size measured by using XRD was found to be within a range of 23.38–46.64 nm for ginger-doped CuO and 26–56 nm for garlic-doped CuO. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows the crystalline structure of copper nanoparticles with prominent peaks. Bragg’s reflection of copper nanoparticles shows diffraction peaks around 2θ =43.4°, 50.3°, and 74.39°, representing [111], [200], and [220] crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc). The synthesized CuO NPs tested antibacterial properties against various strains of microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, 25 μg/mL 2.3 ± 0.21 and 100 μg/mL 6.5 ± 0.17, Staphylococcus aureus, 25 μg/mL 2.3 ± 0.29 and 100 μg/mL 11.5 ± 1.17, Streptococcus mutans, 25 μg/mL 01.05 ± 0.21 and 100 μg/mL 15.8 ± 0.17, Enterococcus faecalis). The short novelty of Azadirachta indica lies in its potential relevance to human health, as it has been found to possess bioactive compounds with various medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, making it a promising natural resource for therapeutic applications.
Preparation of Andrographis Paniculata and Rosa Formulation and its Antibacterial Activity Against Urinary Tract Infection Causing Pathogens
Authors: Thiraviarajan Akash , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar , Munusamy Tharani
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Andrographis Paniculata also known as the “King of Bitters” is a herbal medicine of the Acanthaceae family which is native to India and Sri Lanka. Andrographis Paniculata is a very useful medicinal plant as it has antioxidant, antidiabetic, antipyretic, anticancer properties. The main antibacterial activity of Andrographis Paniculata is due to the presence of andrographolide and arabinogalactan proteins. The medicinal properties of rose are mostly due to their abundance in phenolic compounds. They have many pharmacological properties like antibacterial, antioxidant, thrombolytic, and anticancer properties. The hips of the rose plant have Vitamin C in a concentration that is three times more than a citrus fruit that can be used in the treatment of a flu or a cold. Mueller–Hinton agar was utilized for this activity to determine the zone of inhibition. The plant extracts with different concentrations were loaded, and the plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After the incubation time, the zone of inhibition was measured. The results of this study are significant because they demonstrate the antibacterial activity of Andrographis Paniculata and Rosa against three bacterial pathogens. This suggests that the formulation of Andrographis Paniculata and Rosa has potential as a natural antibacterial agent. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of action and potential applications of this formulation. In conclusion, the study shows that the formulation of Andrographis Paniculata and Rosa has significant antibacterial activity against Klebsiella, Escherichia Coli, and Enterococcus Faecalis. This suggests that the formulation of Andrographis Paniculata and Rosa has potential as a natural antibacterial agent that could be further explored for its potential use in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Cytoplasmic Leakage and Protein Leakage Analysis of Ocimum Gratissimum Stem Extract-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Against Wound Pathogens
Authors: Shalini V. , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar , Manigandan Pradeep
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The current work intends to examine the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by Ocimum gratissimum stem extract against wound infections.

Materials and Methods:

To evaluate the membrane damage brought on by AgNPs, analyses of cytoplasmic leakage and protein leakage assays were performed.

Results:

The outcomes demonstrated that all of the tested bacterial strains were significantly resistant to the AgNPs’ antibacterial activity. AgNPs damaged membranes and caused cellular contents to leak in the target pathogens, according to an examination of protein and cytoplasmic leakage.

Conclusion:

According to the current investigation, AgNPs mediated by Ocimum gratissimum stem extract may be effective antibacterial agents against microorganisms that cause wounds.
Phytochemical Screening and Antidiabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Evolvulus Alsinoides Leaves: An In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Mukundh S Tarun , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Ponnusamy Bhuvaneswari , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Nowadays, diabetes mellitus has become common worldwide due to changes in lifestyle, sedentary life, alterations in food habits, and other genetic and environmental factors. It is necessary to create awareness about the growing pandemic.

Aim:

To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Evolvulus alsinoides.

Methods:

In vitro α-amylase inhibition and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Molecular docking analysis.

Results:

The plant is rich in naturally occurring phytocompound. The results of the study showed that E. alsinoides has the potential to inhibit the activity of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Moreover, this result was validated using in silico molecular docking studies that showed a good binding affinity of one of the major phytocompound, caffeic acid, with molecules in the insulin signaling cascade.

Conclusion:

E. alsinoides has a potent antidiabetic activity and can be further employed in animal and human studies.
Green Synthesis of Mimosa pudica-Mediated Strontium Nanoparticles and its Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Harshini Sakthi , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar , Govindharaj Sulochana
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Considerable focus has been directed toward green synthesis as a dependable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing various nanomaterials. Mimosa pudica, a quickly grown pantropical weed, has been used widely for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity in traditional medicine. The development of strontium-based nanoparticles and nanoparticles linked with strontium has garnered attention in recent years due to their established utility in diverse domains such as effective drug distribution, bioimaging, cancer treatment, and advancements in bone engineering.

Aims and Objectives:

To examine the green synthesise of strontium nanoparticles using Mimosa pudica and its anti-inflammatory activity.

Material and Methods:

Mimosa pudica-mediated strontium nanoparticles’ anti-inflammatory activity was tested using bovine serum albumin denaturation assay, egg albumin denaturation assay, and membrane stabilization assay with diclofenac sodium as the standard. Result: In all three assays, increasing concentration of Mimosa pudica-mediated strontium nanoparticles exhibited an increasing anti-inflammatory effect, which was similar to the standard diclofenac sodium.

Conclusion:

Consequently, this holds promise as a new potential anti-inflammatory agent in forthcoming applications.
Biosynthesis of Strontium Nanoparticles Using Mimosa pudica and its Antioxidant Effect
Authors: Vallinayaki KN , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar , Munusamy Tharani
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

A new area of nanotechnology, “green synthesis” studies nanomaterials utilizing natural biomaterials like plants, flowers, and microbesGreen nanoparticle synthesis offers various benefits, such as cost efficiency, pollution reduction, and environmental compatibility. Among nanoparticles, metallic variants have garnered the greatest attention due to their unique physical and chemical attributes. Strontium (Sr), known for promoting growth, aiding bone regeneration, and stimulating calcium signaling, holds significance in the medical domain. Consequently, Sr-based nanoparticles have gained interest in medical and dental applications due to their resemblance to calcium properties. Researchers worldwide are drawn to Mimosa pudica because of its pharmacological properties, including its ability to treat wounds, and its anti-diabetic, anti-toxin, anti-hepatotoxin, and antioxidant effects. Mimosa pudica mediated strontium nanoparticles’ antioxidant activity was tested against FRAP assay, H2O2 assay, and DPPH assay with ascorbic acid as standard, where in all three assays, increasing concentration of Mimosa pudica mediated strontium nanoparticles exhibited increasing antioxidant activity which was similar to the ascorbic acid. Hence, this can be used as a novel antioxidant agent in the near future.
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Euphorbia Hirta Leaf Extract: An In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Praveen G , Krishnamoorthy Kaliselvi , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

This study presents the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Euphorbia hirta leaf extract.

Materials and Methods:

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was performed by in vitro assay. Our research employs a comprehensive approach combining experimental assays and computational simulations to assess the extract’s potential bioactive components and their interactions with key biomolecules.

Results:

The study’s results demonstrated a progressive rise in the percentage of inhibition, which was dependent on the dosage, in both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This trend was observed for both the extract and the standard, encompassing concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 μg/ml.

Conclusion:

The results showed that Euphorbia hirta’s possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and this may contribute to a traditional medicinal. The discoveries of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of Euphorbia hirta’s medicinal properties and its potential as a source of natural therapeutic agents.
Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Spermacoce Hispida Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Nithin Krishna K. , Krishnamoorthy Kalaiselvi , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Spermacoce hispida, a medicinal plant from the Rubiaceae family, has garnered attention for its traditional use and reported therapeutic properties. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of the ethanolic extract derived from Spermacoce hispida.

Materials and Methods:

Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract involved qualitative analysis to identify major phytoconstituents such as tannins, phenols, and acids. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through in vitro assays, and anti-oxidant potential was assessed using established methods to measure scavenging activity against free radicals and reactive oxygen species.

Results:

Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various bioactive constituents in the Spermacoce hispida ethanolic extract, including acid, tannin, protein, and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, the extract exhibited potent anti-oxidant activity, as evidenced by its ability to scavenge free radicals and attenuate ROS-induced oxidative stress.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study underscore the potential of Spermacoce hispida ethanolic extract as a source of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The presence of phytochemicals and the observed bioactivity support its traditional use and suggest potential therapeutic applications. These results contribute to the growing body of knowledge on natural products with health-promoting effects and provide a basis for further research aimed at developing pharmaceutical and medicinal interventions harnessing the benefits of Spermacoce hispida.
Reliability of Radiovisiography and Cytomorphometry in Determining the Age of an Individual: A Clinical Comparative Study
Authors: Mohanty Satyam , Srinivasan Soundarya , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Manohar Balaji , Bhuyan Lipsa , Kaur Awneet
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The oral cavity can be explored as an area to identify the impacts of aging. Exfoliative cytology is a painless, rapid, and effective method for collecting intact cells from various epithelial layers for microscopic examination. Therefore, the current study’s objective was to determine the average cell size using morphometric analysis and radiovisiography (RVG) to estimate an individual’s age utilizing buccal smears and the pulp/tooth ratio. A software program was utilized to determine the cell size using exfoliative cytology, and the pulp and tooth area was measured using RVG of mandibular canine with the help of an image analysis software. Appropriate statistical tests were performed using IBM SPSS statistical software for Windows (version 25). The patient’s chronological age, pulp area, and the associated pulp–tooth area ratio values were determined, along with Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient. It was discovered by using a paired t-test to compare chronological age to the age deduced from cell size and pulp–tooth area ratio. According to the current study, age estimation could be done based on average cell size, pulp size, and pulp–tooth area ratio for forensic odontology. Studies with bigger sample sizes and diverse population would help achieve definitive conclusions about the reliability of this particular method.
Prevalence of Periodontitis among Thermal Power Station Workers in South India
Authors: Pillai Dinesh Dhamodhar Mathevan , Palaneeswaran Kamalashankar , Sivalingam Balaji , Annamalai Indra , Shobana G. , Aziz Mac B. Abdul , Nagappan Nagappan
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The occupational stressors has an effect on overall health and dental health. Oral health is a vital aspect of general health. The current study was performed to assess the periodontitis among thermal power station workers in South India. Pilot study was done for 52 mine workers and based on the periodontal disease prevalence among them, the sample size was calculated as 603 subjects. The data collection was done using WHO 1997 proforma. Among the total study population, about 92 (30%) thermal power station 1 workers and 83 (28.1%) thermal power station 2 workers had pocket 4-5 mm, one (0.2%) thermal power station, 2 worker had pocket 6 mm or more thermal power station I workers, and 23 (7.8%) thermal power station 2 workers had 6 – 8 mm attachment loss. Only 1 (0.3%) thermal power station I worker had 9 – 11 mm attachment loss. In the current study, nearly 70% mine workers had calculus, nearly 30% had pocket 4-5 mm, and only 0.2% Mine II workers had pocket measuring 6 mm or more.
Estimation of MBC: MIC Ratio of Herbal Extracts against Common Endodontic Pathogens
Authors: Makade Chetana S. , Shenoi Pratima R. , Bhongade Bhoomendra A. , Shingane Shrikant A. , Ambulkar Prajakta C. , Shewale Akhilesh M.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Herbal extracts have evoked interest owing to the small number of terpenoids and phenolic compounds, which impart antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of four herbal extracts (lemon grass oil, basil oil, peppermint oil, and Obicure tea extract) against endodontic pathogens along with the MIC: MBC/MFC ratio were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity by detecting the MIC of three essential oils and tea extract was evaluated against eight common endodontic pathogens by the broth dilution method, while MBC was detected by subculturing onto blood agar from the first –three to five tubes from the MIC dilution tubes (showing no turbidity), which were plated on blood agar. All herbal extracts proved to be effective antimicrobials against tested endodontic pathogens. Basil oil had a bacteriostatic effect on all the organisms (P < 0.05). Mint oil showed bacteriostatic activity on Enterococcus (E.) faecalis and Peptostreptococcus (P > 0.05). Tea extract had a bacteriostatic effect (P > 0.05) against all tested microbes except Actinomyces, Lactobacilli, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, and Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum. Lemon grass oil had a bactericidal effect against all the organisms and a bacteriostatic effect against Peptostreptococcus (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that basil oil showed a strong bactericidal effect on the test organisms. The MIC for the organisms ranged from 0.2 to 50 μg/ml.
Accuracy of 3D Printed Model Acquired from Different Types of Intra Oral Scanners and 3D Printers
Authors: Joteppa Varsha , Niras Soniya , Chokhani Dishita , Jadhao Tanvi A. , Bandgar Shreyas T. , Bayaskar Surbhi G.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of different types of intraoral scanners and 3D printers on the accuracy of printed models in comparison to plaster models obtained from conventional impressions.

Material and Methods:

A dental study model was used as the reference model and was molded with polyvinyl siloxane to produce the plaster models which were scanned by a reference scanner. Two types of intraoral scanners and digital files were printed by two types of 3D printers. To measure the accuracy (trueness and precision) amongst the groups, the datasets were superimposed via a best-fit alignment method utilizing a 3D analysis program (Geomagic Verify; 3D Systems). The trueness of the complete arch was evaluated by superimposing the STL file data of the reference model with STL file data obtained from other scanners. The precision of the complete arch was evaluated by superimposing the scan data within each group. The quantitative values were automatically calculated by the 3D analysis program based on the root mean square (RMS).

Results:

It was observed that all the tested combinations of the scanner and 3D printer showed variation from reference which was nonsignificant. However, Trios 4 intraoral scanner and Formlabs 3D printer was the combination that showed the best trueness and precision values.

Conclusions:

It was concluded that the accuracy of printed and plaster models was impaired due to the trueness of the models. The type of printer influenced the accuracy of the printed models, while the type of scanner did not. The standardization of the method of obtaining printed models must be carried out to provide the production of quality models. However, there will be differences between the technologies.
Efficacy of TheraCal LC and Biodentine as Direct Pulp Capping Agents - An Clinico-Histological Study
Authors: Singh Shalini , Joshi Poonam , Rajasekhar Reshma , Saoji Sumant V. , Richhawal Anil , Punia Jasleen K.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To assess clinically and histologically the efficacy of TheraCal LC and Biodentine as Direct Pulp Capping agents.

Materials and Method:

Sixty caries-free maxillary first premolar teeth which were scheduled for orthodontic extraction were selected for the study and were divided equally into Group 1 (Theracal LC) and Group 2 (Biodentine). Thermal and electric pulp testing was performed on the teeth to assess pulp vitality followed by tooth preparation to expose pulp horns under local anesthesia. After achieving hemostasis, the direct pulp capping agent was placed and composite restoration was done. All the teeth were evaluated and compared in terms of clinical and histological findings after 6 weeks. The statistical analysis used was the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results:

Teeth with Theracal LC showed no sensitivity to heat, cold, or percussion, whereas sensitivity to heat, cold, or percussion was noted with Biodentine. Histological evaluation revealed that TheraCal LC has higher efficiency in complete dentin bridge formation, had maximum dentin thickness, and showed minimal or no pulpal disorganization and pulpal inflammation as compared to Biodentine.

Conclusion:

TheraCal LC proves to be a promising future as a direct pulp capping agent.
Analyzing Tumor Budding Scores in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: A Tertiary Care Center Study in South India
Authors: Vasudevan Sudha , Kannan Kavitha , Raghavan ATM Venkat , Sulochana Sonti
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Aim:

Tumor budding is a distinctive phenomenon which involves the presence of small clusters or individual cancer cells at the invasive front of tumors. Tumor budding has garnered attention due to its potential implications for prognosis, treatment strategies, and our understanding of cancer progression. Our aim is to study the distribution of tumor buds and its scoring in patients with infiltrating breast carcinoma and to associate with other histopathological parameters like the size of the tumor, its grade, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis.

Materials and Methods:

This was a study analyzing the data of 70 resected specimens of primary breast carcinomas and providing a descriptive overview. Tumor budding was recognized, counted, and graded in hematoxylin and eosin slides. The cases were classified as low (0–4), intermediate (5–9), and high (≥10 buds) based on the count of tumor buds. Tumor budding has significant correlation with tumor grade and tumor size.

Results:

Of the 70 cases, 60 cases (85.71%) were diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma NOS. The majority [38 (54.28%)] of the cases showed an intermediate tumor budding score of 5–9/10 HPF.

Conclusion:

Evaluation of tumor budding allows pathologists and oncologists to gather valuable information about the tumor’s biological aggressiveness and potential for metastasis. It also helps in better risk stratification of patients, enabling a more personalized and tailored approach to treatment planning. In conclusion, assessing tumor budding in breast carcinoma holds significant clinical importance in the management and prognosis of this disease.
Herbal Composite Preparation and Investigating its Efficiency to Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of Prevotella Intermedia and Porphyromonas Gingivalis – Formulation of Mouthwash Using a Herbal Composite and Evaluating its Anti-microbial Activity
Authors: Peeran Syed Wali , Murugan Manohar , Doggalli Nagabhushana , Fageeh Hytham , Ibrahim Wael , Al-Ak’hali Mohammed Sultan , Basheer Syed Nahid
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. A novel herbal composite was developed using the herbal extracts of Wrightia tinctoria and Bauhinia variegata. During the study, the following observations were noted. The minimal inhibitory concentration of Wrightia tinctoria and Bauhinia variegata composites (WBc) was obtained for the test concentration of 20 μg/ml (16 ± 0.57 mm and 15 ± 0.75 mm of inhibitory zones against Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively). Biofilm inhibition assay results revealed about 0.51 ± 1.25 mg/ml and 0.53 ± 0.57 mg/ml of minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) against Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. The effect of WBc on lactic acid production showed that 200 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml concentrates reduced up to 80% and 70% in Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. Formulated herbal mouthwash showed good stability under all three different test conditions (5°C, 25°C, and 40°C) as the color, odor, phase separation, and homogeneity were not changed for the period of 3 months. The anti-bacterial activity of formulated mouthwash (30 μg/ml) exhibited maximum inhibitory zones of about 18 ± 0.75 mm and 19 ± 1.05 mm against the respective test bacteria – Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Amplification of mfa1 and clpB genes showed 246 bp and 294 bp fragments of P. gingivalis and 238 bp and 280 bp fragments of P. intermedia during agarose electrophoretic analysis. The docking report revealed -5.84 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found three hydrogen bonding between the quercetin and target protein, mfa1 of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The target protein, clpB of Prevotella intermedia, and quercetin had -6.72 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found four hydrogen bonds between them. The developed composite could be optimized in future to develop a novel and biocompatible herbal mouthwash for the prevention of different dental caries and gingival inflammation associated with dental biofilm formation.
A Curious Case of Jaw Swelling due to Precursor B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bhatt Varsha R. , Patel Aditi , Jawade Pranav , Vatikutti Anusha , Adapa Mounika
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rare leukemia in adults but is the most common type in children. We present a case of a 40-year-old female presenting with jaw pain and swelling with fever which appeared to be an abscess. Further evaluation revealed the presence of blast cells in the peripheral blood smear. Flow cytometry was performed which further revealed pre-B cell ALL. It underwent spontaneous tumor lysis and despite all the resuscitative measures, she succumbed to sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction. The purpose of this report is to document an unusual manifestation of an adult B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presenting as a jaw mass masquerading as an abscess undergoing spontaneous tumor lysis.
Forceful Insertion of Hair Clutcher Leading to Rectovaginal Fistula: An Inhuman Act
Authors: Verma Surender , Godara Rajesh , Garg Neha , Garg Pradeep , Verma Anjali
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Prolonged foreign body impaction resulting in a rectovaginal fistula is one of the rare case scenarios presenting nowadays due to increased awareness and widespread availability of health care centers. Also, the taboo of reporting to healthcare personnel for rare gynecological problems is also decreasing. This patient reported with a foreign body in the form of a hair clutcher inserted in her vagina 3 years back by her boyfriend. She presented with complaints of itching, foreign body sensation in the vagina, and pain abdomen in the supra pubic area for 3 months after she got married. The diagnosis was confirmed on per rectal and per vaginal examination followed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography pelvis. Intraoperatively, the foreign body was found to be impacted in both rectum and vagina, resulting in a rectovaginal fistula. The fistula was repaired and a diversion colostomy was done. After 12 weeks, colostomy closure was done, and the patient was discharged with no postoperative complications.
Anterior Abdominal Wall Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy in a Previous Premature Low-Birth Weight Female Infant
Authors: Ezejiofo Ifeoma Florence , Ugwu Jideofor Okechukwu , Ugwu Virginus Sunday , Osonwa Chukwuemeka Nonyelum
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Hamartomas are tumor-like lesions composed of tissue elements normally found at the site where they are located, but which grow in a disorganized manner. It generally occurs at birth or soon after but its exact mechanisms of development remain unknown. Although trauma and prematurity have been reported occasionally with the hamartomatous lesion. This article is to highlight a rare benign case of fibrous hamartoma of infancy located in the anterior abdominal wall in an eight-month female with a previous history of prematurity and low-birth weight.
Comparative Evaluation of Preoperative Paracetamol and a Combination of Paracetamol with Nebulized or Intravenous Dexamethasone for Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat
Authors: Rathore Sandeep Singh , Prakash Smita , Mullick Parul , Garg Bhawna
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:

Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complication following general anesthesia with tracheal intubation that increases patient morbidity. We evaluated the effect of preoperative administration of IV paracetamol and a combination of paracetamol with nebulized or IV dexamethasone on the incidence of POST (primary objective), hoarseness of voice and cough (secondary objectives) in adult patients.

Methods:

In a randomized, double-blind study in a tertiary care hospital, 150 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were divided into three groups (n = 50): Group P received IV paracetamol 1 g infusion; Group I received IV dexamethasone 8 mg and IV paracetamol 1 g infusion; and Group N received nebulized dexamethasone 8 mg and IV Paracetamol 1 g infusion. The incidence and severity of POST, hoarseness and cough were assessed at various time-points for 24 hours after surgery.

Results:

The overall incidence of POST was 72%, 18%, and 24% in groups P, I, and N, respectively; P < .0001. The severity of POST was significantly less in groups I and N compared with group P; both P < .0001. The incidence of postoperative hoarseness was comparable between the three groups; P = 0.216. The incidence and severity of postoperative cough were significantly higher in group P compared with group I; P = 0.016. Statistical calculations were done using SPSS 21 version program for Windows.

Conclusions:

Prophylactic administration of both nebulized and IV dexamethasone 8 mg in combination with IV paracetamol was effective in decreasing the incidence and severity of POST in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation.
Microbiological Analysis of Semen Samples in Male Partners of Couples Attending a Fertility Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur
Authors: Kataria Shaveta , Rajni Ekadashi , Priyanka  , Kumar Mohit , Ali Afreen
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The natural capability to produce offspring is termed as fertility. As the growing world is flourishing with modern means and advances in technology, there is a sharp fall in the birth rate all over. Many developing countries including India are now struggling with this issue. Bacterial infection of the male genitourinary tract is one of the key factors responsible for male infertility. These pathogenic bacteria induce an alteration in semen parameters, such as sperm count, morphology, and motility which are predictors of male fertility potential.

Material and Methods:

This is a retrospective descriptive observational study and includes culture reports of 388 semen samples of adult men attending the infertility clinics over a 3-year study period. Sample inoculation was done on culture media plates and incubated for 18–24 h at 37°C. Culture identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using VITEK 2-automated system.

Result:

Eighty-one samples showed growth of single isolate and were further processed. The majority of the patients were 26–30 years of age, followed by 31–35 years. Gram-positive isolates outnumbered the gram-negative isolates (58% vs. 42.0%). The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of gram-negative isolates showed maximum resistance against third-generation cephalosporins (70.6%), followed by cotrimoxazole (54.5%) and flouroquinolones (50.0%). Amongst gram-positive isolates, high degree of resistance was observed against tetracycline (89.4%) and fluoroquinolones (72.3%).

Conclusion:

Urogenital infections in males have been found to be associated with a reduction in fertility. Though these patients may be completely asymptomatic, these infections are known to reduce the sperm counts and motility. Proper bacteriological profiling of these patients is thus an important part of diagnostic workup.
Atypical Ovarian Tumor: Mixed Sertoli–Leydig Cell Tumor of Retiform Variant with Focal Heterologous Elements
Authors: Lingegowda Anilkumar Pura , Kini Usha , Amit B , Chandrayya Ramachandra , Pillai Pramod R.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Ovarian torsion is an uncommon cause for acute abdominal pain in children while the possibility of malignancy presenting as ovarian torsion is even rarer. We report here an atypical case of ovarian neoplasm presenting as ovarian torsion in a 5-year-old child. The highlight of this case is the epithelial component staining positive for both CK 7 and CK 20 in addition to Sertoli–Leydig cell component indicating it as mixed Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor of retiform variant with focal heterologous elements. The heterologous element is the CK7 and 20 being positive epithelium. The ovarian torsion should make one suspect malignancy in and around the ovary and subject it for detailed histopathologic study and manage accordingly; lest, one’s failure to suspect the same may compromise patient management and prognosis.
Prevalence and Predictors of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections Among Vaccinated Health Care Providers and Medical Students at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Nagpur, Central India
Authors: Kodankandath Jess S. , Tiwari Priti Nandkishor , Kushwaha Arvind Singh , Tayade Hitesh Chandrakant
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

As per the national policy, two doses of COVID-19 vaccine at least four weeks apart were available for administration to all HCW’s since January 2021. A small proportion of individuals will contract COVID-19 despite complete vaccination. Healthcare workers (Health Care Providers) represent a very high-risk group for contracting COVID-19 infection.

Aim:

To determine the breakthrough infection rate of COVID-19 among vaccinated healthcare providers and students.

Methodology:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur from August to December 2022. The sample size of 308 was achieved through proportionate stratified sampling among different cadres of employees working at the institute.

Statistical Analysis:

Chi-square test was used for significance. Fischer’s Exact test was used wherever necessary. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Strength of the association was estimated using odds ratio.

Results:

The mean (SD) age of participants in our study was 29.26 (±8.64) years. Prevalence of COVID breakthrough infection was found to be 28.25% [95% CI: 23–33]. It was found that those participants having one or more co-morbidities and are directly involved in COVID patient care were likely to suffer more from COVID-19 breakthrough infection.

Conclusion:

Predictors of COVID-19 breakthrough infection found to be a presence of one or more co-morbidities, direct involvement with COVID-19 patients and not observing respiratory hygiene. There is increased risk among participants with comorbidities and involving directly in patient care. Therefore, it is recommended that vaccine policy needs to focus on high-risk group.
Hematological Alterations and their Prognostic Significance in Critically ill Children Admitted to the PICU
Authors: Agarwal Anuradha , Misra Sarbani , Mukherjee Dikpati , Bhattacharyya Basundhara , Basu Suprit , Sarkar Sumantra , Datta Supratim
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Hematological parameters such as complete blood count, including red cell distribution width and prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio (INR) are the earliest markers of critical illness. This study was undertaken to evaluate their significance in prognosticating critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional and observational study on 125 critically ill children aged 1 month to 12 years and admitted to the PICU of a tertiary care hospital, conducted from February 2019 to July 2020. Hematological alterations along with clinical profile, Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM III), and Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) scores were analyzed, and prognosis was defined by invasive ventilation requirement, duration of PICU stay, and death.

Result:

Among the 125 critically ill children, 35.2% were infants. The most common cause of PICU admission was infections (29.6%) followed by the central nervous system (20.8%) and respiratory system (20.8%). Around one-third of the patients required invasive ventilation and about half of the patients required inotropic support in our cohort. Sixty-four percent of critically ill children were found to be anemic at the time of PICU admission. Approximately 50% had leukocytosis and only 6% presented with leukopenia. Thrombocytopenia was present in 24.8%, and 20.8% had thrombocytosis on admission. Fourteen point four percent had deranged INR values.

Conclusion:

Critically ill children with low hemoglobin (Hb) levels, low white blood cell (WBC) count, high red cell distribution width (RDW) values, and deranged INR required invasive ventilation during PICU stay. Both leukocytosis and leukopenia along with low Hb were associated with prolonged PICU stay and death. No such association was found with either thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis.