bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method Using Two Relaxation Times
Authors: Hayashi Kosuke , Rojas Roberto , Seta Takeshi , Tomiyama Akio
Published: July 2012

An immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) using a two-relaxation time model (TRT) is proposed. The collision operator in the lattice Boltzmann equation is modeled using two relaxation times. One of them is used to set the fluid viscosity and the other is for numerical stability and accuracy. A direct-forcing method is utilized for treatment of immersed boundary. A multi-direct forcing method is also implemented to precisely satisfy the boundary conditions at the immersed boundary. Circular Couette flows between a stationary cylinder and a rotating cylinder are simulated for validation of the proposed method. The method is also validated through simulations of circular and spherical falling particles. Effects of the functional forms of the direct-forcing term and the smoothed-delta function, which interpolates the fluid velocity to the immersed boundary and distributes the forcing term to fixed Eulerian grid points, are also examined. As a result, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) the proposed method does not cause non-physical velocity distribution in circular Couette flows even at high relaxation times, whereas the single-relaxation time (SRT) model causes a large non-physical velocity distortion at a high relaxation time, (2) the multi-direct forcing reduces the errors in the velocity profile of a circular Couette flow at a high relaxation time, (3) the two-point delta function is better than the four-point delta function at low relaxation times, but worse at high relaxation times, (4) the functional form of the direct-forcing term does not affect predictions, and (5) circular and spherical particles falling in liquids are well predicted by using the proposed method both for two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases.
Senna-Containing Laxatives Induce Severe Dermatitis in Toddlers: Status Epilepticus Associated with Long-acting Methylphenidate in a Child: Severe Hyperthermia after Administration of Methylphenidate: Panniculitis and Arthralgia in Melanoma Patients Treated with BRAF Inhibitors: Severe Babesiosis Associated with Tumor Necrosis Factor α Antagonist: Catatonia and Encephalopathy Associated with Paliperidone Palmitate: Pulmonary Toxicity after Bortezomib Treatment
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: July 2012

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MEDWATCH program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MEDWATCH, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Mannitol: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Generali Joyce A. , Cada Dennis J.
Published: July 2012

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label Drug Facts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label Drug Facts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific drug uses that are unapproved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This new guide to the literature enables the health care professional or clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information before patient care decisions are made. Direct questions or comments regarding Off-Label Drug Uses to jgeneral@kumc.edu .
Extended Stability of Sodium Bicarbonate Infusions Prepared in Polyolefin Bags
Authors: Sayre Brian E. , Prettyman Terrence , Kaushal Gagan
Published: July 2012

Purpose

To investigate the stability of 0.1 mEq/mL and 0.15 mEq/mL strengths of extemporaneously compounded sodium bicarbonate preparations.

Methods

Sterile preparations of sodium bicarbonate of 2 strengths (0.1 mEq/mL and 0.15 mEq/mL) were compounded in accordance with USP <797> standards. To carry out the stability testing, these products were stored under 3 temperature conditions: −20°C, 2°C-8°C, and 23°C-25°C. Under the stability studies, pH, particulate matter, and the active content were monitored for 30 days.

Results

Sodium bicarbonate infusions are stable for 21 days when stored at −20°C or 2°C −8°C and are stable for 7 days when stored at room temperature (23°C-25°C). These data demonstrate that sodium bicarbonate infusions have extended physical and chemical stability after preparation.

Conclusions

The stability analysis results show that the observed shelf life was far better than the recommended expiration dates. This will allow the hospitals to give longer dating to sodium bicarbonate preparations, provided they are prepared in a sterile environment and are in compliance with USP <797> guidelines.
Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy
Authors: Russett Flint
Published: July 2012

Hospital Pharmacy presents this feature to keep pharmacists abreast of new publications in the medical/pharmacy literature. Articles of interest regarding a broad scope of topics are abstracted monthly.
Numerical Investigations to Quantify the Effect of Horizontal Membranes on the Performance of a Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Hommel Robert , Cloete Schalk , Amini Shahriar
Published: July 2012

Reactive simulations of gas-solid flows occurring in fluidized beds with horizontal membrane insertion were carried out using computational fluid dynamics based on the kinetic theory of granular flows. The effect of altering the membrane arrangement on the overall reactor performance (degree of conversion achieved) was investigated by means of fractional factorial designs. When membranes served only as hydrodynamic modifiers to the flow, it was found that significant improvements could be obtained by optimising the membrane arrangement. A slightly larger improvement could be attained by injecting some of the reacting gas through the membranes. When compared to the improvements that can be attained by simply scaling up the reactor height and especially the reactor width, however, these improvements were of less significance. The use of membranes solely for altering reactor hydrodynamics by serving as obstructions and gas injection points can therefore not be merited. Further optimisation studies into membrane arrangement are therefore only recommended for specific processes in which the membranes play a central role by extracting some of the process gasses.
Kinetics of Nitrate Hydrogenation in Water on Alumina and Niobia Supported Palladium-Copper Catalysts
Authors: Salazar Joyce Barbosa , Ferreira Luciana Souza , Peixoto Fernando Cunha , Maia Monica Pinto , Passos Fabio B.
Published: July 2012

The kinetics of nitrate hydrogenation in water over niobia- and alumina-supported Pd-Cu catalysts were examined. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model fitted concentration data, providing consistent kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The kinetic model assumed a bimolecular surface reaction as the rate-determining step, with two types of sites. Pd-Cu/gamma-Al2O3 was active and selective under the reaction conditions. However, Pd-Cu/Nb2O5 deactivated during time on stream, and a deactivation function was added to the kinetic model to best fit the experimental data.
Micro- and Macromechanics of Hopper Discharge of Ultrafine Cohesive Powder
Authors: Tomas Jürgen , Kache Guido
Published: July 2012

Typical flow problems, like arching or bridging, of ultrafine cohesive powders are caused by undesired particle adhesion, poor flowability and large compressibility and intensified by poor permeability. Thus, the physical understanding of micromechanics of ultrafine particle flow and permeation is very essential to design properly the product quality and to improve the process performance in particle technology.A force balance at a homogenously assumed, dynamic bridge is formulated at the hopper outlet that includes the dead weight, inertia, wall and drag forces. The permeation resistance is calculated as sum of a microscopic flow-around resistance of single particles plus the macroscopic bed resistance of the moving cohesive powder bridge. The resulting differential equation is shown for turbulent flow-through conditions of air. The first integration gives analytical discharge velocity-time function, steady-state discharge velocity and the characteristic discharge time of incipient (accelerated) flow. The second integration results in analytical height-time and velocity-height functions, discharge and residence times. This method results in physically consistent, analytical models that are comfortable to handle and easy to prove. The steady-state discharge velocity is compared with measurements of full-scale silos at Coperion and Zeppelin companies.

This publication describes the results of a closed collaboration between university and industry. The practical objective of the project was to solve the serious discharge problems of ultrafine, compressible, hardly permeable, cohesive powders by applying mechanical vibrations during their gravitational flow.
Wafer-scale micro-optics fabrication
Authors: Voelkel Reinhard
Published: July 2012

Micro-optics is an indispensable key enabling technology for many products and applications today. Probably the most prestigious examples are the diffractive light shaping elements used in high-end DUV lithography steppers. Highly-efficient refractive and diffractive micro-optical elements are used for precise beam and pupil shaping. Micro-optics had a major impact on the reduction of aberrations and diffraction effects in projection lithography, allowing a resolution enhancement from 250 nm to 45 nm within the past decade. Micro-optics also plays a decisive role in medical devices (endoscopes, ophthalmology), in all laser-based devices and fiber communication networks, bringing high-speed internet to our homes. Even our modern smart phones contain a variety of micro-optical elements. For example, LED flash light shaping elements, the secondary camera, ambient light and proximity sensors. Wherever light is involved, micro-optics offers the chance to further miniaturize a device, to improve its performance, or to reduce manufacturing and packaging costs. Wafer-scale micro-optics fabrication is based on technology established by the semiconductor industry. Thousands of components are fabricated in parallel on a wafer. This review paper recapitulates major steps and inventions in wafer-scale micro-optics technology. The state-of-the-art of fabrication, testing and packaging technology is summarized.
Factor Frequencies in Languages Invariant Under Symmetries Preserving Factor Frequencies
Authors: Balková L'ubomíra
Published: July 2012

The number of frequencies of factors of length
Laplace-distributed increments, the Laplace prior, and edge-preserving regularization
Authors: Bardsley Johnathan M.
Published: July 2012

For a given two-dimensional image, we define the horizontal and vertical increments at a pixel location to be the difference between the intensity values at that pixel and at the neighboring pixels to the right and above, respectively. For a typical image, it makes intuitive sense that the increments will usually be near zero, corresponding to areas of smooth variation in image intensity, but will often have large magnitude, corresponding to edges where sharp intensity changes occur. In this paper, we explore the use of the Laplace increment model, in which the increments are assumed to be independent and identically distributed Laplace random variables – a distribution with heavy tails allowing for large increment values – with zero mean. The prior constructed from the Laplace increment model is very similar to the total variation (TV) prior. We perform a theoretical analysis of its properties, which shows that the Laplace prior yields a regularization scheme with regularized solutions contained in the space of bounded variation, just as for the TV prior. Moreover, numerical experiments indicate that the Laplace prior yields reconstructions that are qualitatively very similar to those obtained using TV.
On inverse problems in partially ordered spaces with a priori information
Authors: Korolev Yury M. , Yagola Anatoly G.
Published: July 2012

We consider ill-posed inverse problems for linear operator equations in Banach lattices with a priori information that the exact solution belongs to a compact set. We provide an error estimate for an approximate solution to the ill-posed problem. We also show the existence of a supremum and infimum of the set of approximate solutions and their convergence to the exact solution. After finite-dimensional approximation the problem of computation of the bounds is reduced to a linear programming problem.
The everyday elasticity of compliance in a symptomless disease
Authors: Hoel Felde Lina Klara
Published: July 2012

Medically, compliance refers to the extent to which a patient's response to medical advice coincides with doctors’ orders. Rather than this absolute standard, this article treats compliance as an institutionally available discourse continually figured in practice. The aim of this article is to describe people's everyday elasticity of compliance in shifting contexts in everyday life. The empirical material presented, based on interviews with people with elevated cholesterol, suggests that people with symptomless diseases can be perceived to be living in a virtual ‘temporal limbo’, living ‘here and now’ in the present from one episode to the next. Presentbound conditions create, from moment to moment, a temporal limbo that challenges and conditions the participants’ constructions of compliance. Using three contexts as examples, this article empirically demonstrates how people with a symptomless disease accomplish – reflexively produce and reproduce – compliance in and through shifting contexts. Compliance is ever-emerging and stretched, adapted to the circumstances at hand, ongoingly constructed through a reflexive interplay between compliance-in-practice and compliance practice in a discursive give-and-take. This elasticity of compliance reveals a reflexive critique of medical compliance as a moral standard and leads us to discuss how people are adequately compliant in everyday moral contexts.
Non-verbal vocalizations, dementia and social interaction
Authors: Hydén Lars-Christer
Published: July 2012

In later stages of Alzheimer's disease many people will engage in noise-making (screaming and other kinds of sounds), often experienced as interruptive by others. A problem with the noise-making is the difficulty in understanding the meaning of the noise. This study addresses two questions: to what extent is noise-making responsive to the ongoing interaction and is noise-making regarded as meaningless behavior by other participants? The analysis of selective examples shows that noises may be fitted into the conversational interaction to a certain degree and in some instances is also responsive to interaction. The co-participants tend to treat the noises as meaningful. A general conclusion is that if utterances and responses in interaction are treated as if they are meaningful, they will become meaningful in their consequences for all participants.
Multilingual interactions in clinical dental education: A focus on mediated interpreting
Authors: Bridges Susan M. , Yiu Cynthia K.Y. , McGrath Colman P.
Published: July 2012

In clinical dental consultations in multilingual contexts, medical interpreting is often performed by the supporting staff as part of routine triadic formulations. As academic dentistry becomes increasingly internationalised, issues of language and culture add to the interactional complexity of clinical communication and education. A multivariate approach was adopted to investigate one case of multilingualism in dentistry in Asia. Collection of both survey (n=86) and interactional data provided empirical evidence regarding language use and language demands across integrated Polyclinics. Descriptive statistics of Dental Surgery Assistant (DSA) perception data and conversation analysis (CA) of mediated interpretation indicate that, as members of the oral healthcare team, DSAs in Hong Kong are an essential resource in their role of intercultural mediators between patients and clinicians, both staff and students. Discussion of sociolinguistic notions of place-as-location and place-as-meaning supports a wider conceptualisation of the role of support staff as interpreters in clinical settings. Implications are drawn for policy, curriculum and staff development.
Moral accounts and membership categorization in primary care medical interviews
Authors: Dillon Patrick J.
Published: July 2012

Although the link between health and morality has been well established, few studies have examined how issues of morality emerge and are addressed in primary care medical encounters. This paper addresses the need to examine morality as it is (re)constructed in everyday health care interactions. A Membership Categorisation Analysis of 96 medical interviews reveals how patients orient to particular membership categories and distance themselves from others as a means of accounting (Buttny 1993; Scott and Lyman 1968) for morally questionable health behaviours. More specifically, this paper examines how patients use membership categorisations in order to achieve specific social identity(ies) (Schubert et al. 2009) through two primary strategies: defensive detailing and prioritizing alternative membership categories. Thus, this analysis tracks the emergence of cultural and moral knowledge about social life as it takes place in primary care medical encounters.
To vaccinate or not? The disqualification of commercial sources of health advice in an online forum
Authors: Vayreda Agnès , Antaki Charles
Published: July 2012

Public health debates in online forums allow the emergence of ordinary practical reasoning about 'official' health information. We used a Discursive Psychology approach to analyse postings in a forum devoted to the discussion of the H1N1 (Swine flu) virus. We identify the discursive practices that contributors use to valorise certain elements in the debate (what they cast as science, rationality and 'proper' scepticism) over others (especially commercial interests, 'charlatanism' and 'profiteering'). A forum participant can be disqualified on the basis of their alleged partiality and interest, if they can be accused of having a commercial stake in the matter. But no such opprobrium results if they have a 'scientific' interest.
Prevalência e determinantes do aleitamento materno exclusivo no município de Serrana, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Queluz Mariângela Carletti , Pereira Maria José Bistafa , Santos Claudia Benedita dos , Leite Adriana Moraes , Ricco Rubens Garcia
Published: July 2012

Estudo transversal e quantitativo, com objetivos de identificar a prevalência e os determinantes do aleitamento materno exclusivo em crianças menores de 6 meses, no município de Serrana - SP, no ano de 2009. Aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado validado junto aos responsáveis pelas crianças menores de 6 meses que compareceram à segunda etapa da Campanha Nacional de Vacinação contra a poliomielite. Foram realizadas análises uni e multivariadas apresentadas em Odds Ratio e intervalos de confiança. Do total das 275 crianças participantes, apenas 29,8% estavam em aleitamento materno exclusivo. Nas análises univariadas, verificou-se que mães que trabalham fora sem licença-maternidade, mães que não trabalham fora, adolescentes e o uso de chupeta apresentaram maior chance de interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Na análise multivariada, as mães que trabalham fora sem licença-maternidade têm 3 vezes mais chance de desmamarem precocemente seus filhos. Os resultados forneceram subsídios para o redirecionamento e planejamento de ações em aleitamento materno.
Análise de atividades não realizadas pela equipe de enfermagem para o diagnóstico padrão respiratório ineficaz em idosos
Authors: Cavalcante Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer , Nakatani Adélia Yaeko Kyosen , Bachion Maria Márcia , Garcia Telma Ribeiro , Nunes Daniella Pires , Nunes Patrícia Silva
Published: July 2012

Estudo transversal, descritivo, que objetivou identificar as atividades da Classificação de Intervenções de Enfermagem consideradas prioritárias para Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz e não realizadas para pacientes idosos, internados em um hospital escola do estado de Goiás. Participaram do estudo 43 profissionais de enfermagem e a coleta de dados foi realizada no período de outubro a dezembro de 2008, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética. Observou-se que, dentre as 67 atividades consideradas prioritárias para o referido diagnóstico, sete eram realizadas por todos os participantes; as demais, com frequência percentual variada, não eram realizadas, sendo o motivo principal para isto sua execução por profissional de outra área. Entende-se que a não realização destas atividades pela enfermagem pode resultar em alterações no campo de abrangência da assistência de enfermagem; que há necessidade de aparato legal na descrição das atividades que compõem a prática profissional exclusiva da enfermagem e a de natureza interdisciplinar.
Notas cartográficas do trabalho na Estratégia Saúde da Família: relações entre trabalhadores e população
Authors: Fortuna Cinira Magali , Matumoto Silvia , Camargo-Borges Celiane , Pereira Maria José Bistafa , Mishima Silvana Martins , Kawata Lauren Suemi , Silveira Fernando , Oliveira Nunila Ferreira de
Published: July 2012

Essa pesquisa-intervenção teve como objetivo cartografar os movimentos instituídos e instituintes presentes no trabalho da Estratégia Saúde da Família, no que tange a composição de suas práticas cuidativas. O referencial teórico metodológico fundamentou-se na análise institucional, linha esquizoanalítica. Foram realizados encontros grupais com uma equipe para discutir o modo como realizavam os cuidados coletivos em ação de educação permanente em saúde. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram trabalhadores da equipe e estudantes em atividade acadêmica no serviço. A média de participação foi de doze pessoas por encontro, sendo que se desenvolveram oito encontros no período de março a julho de 2010. Os dados foram agrupados em dois estratos imanentes: as relações da equipe e a relação com os usuários. Os estratos apontaram para o atravessamento das instituições de educação, justiça e da divisão técnica e social do trabalho. A reflexão coletiva em grupo mostrou-se potente, para desnaturalizar processos instituídos e interrogar lugares, saberes e práticas.
Utilização dos ácidos graxos no tratamento de feridas: uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional
Authors: Ferreira Adriano Menis , Souza Bruna Machado Vieira de , Rigotti Marcelo Alessandro , Loureiro Marisa Rolan Dias
Published: July 2012

Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar a produção científica nacional da utilização tópica de ácidos graxos no tratamento de feridas e descrever os efeitos da sua ação nesse processo. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura indexada nas bases de dados LILACS e BEDEnf. A coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de dezembro de 2010, com descritores de assuntos controlados e sem delimitação de período de busca. A amostra constitui-se de 09 artigos, sendo, a maioria conduzida em modelos animais e utilizando diferentes composições de ácidos graxos. Diante da escassez de estudos clínicos randomizados controlados em humanos e as limitações desta revisão, não se pôde generalizar, na prática clínica, que os ácidos graxos essenciais influenciam o processo de cicatrização positivamente ou possuem ação antimicrobiana. Assim, há necessidade de realização de pesquisas com maior rigor metodológico comparando as diferentes fórmulas disponíveis contendo ácidos graxos e sua influência no processo cicatricial.
Qualidade de vida, cognição e desempenho nas funções executivas de idosos
Authors: Beckert Michele , Irigaray Tatiana Quarti , Trentini Clarissa Marceli
Published: July 2012

A relação entre qualidade de vida e funções cognitivas em idosos tem sido pouco estudada. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a associação entre qualidade de vida, cognição e desempenho nas funções executivas de idosos. O estudo teve a participação de 88 idosos. Utilizou-se o método amostral de conveniência. Todos os participantes responderam sobre condições sociodemográficas, qualidade de vida (World Health Organization Quality of Life Group-Bref), funções cognitivas (Mini-Exame do Estado Mental e Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve) e funções executivas (Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas). Os dados mostraram associações importantes entre os domínios de qualidade de vida Físico e Meio Ambiente e variáveis cognitivas, o que reforça a importância da cognição tanto na manutenção de cuidados físicos, quanto nas oportunidades de o idoso adquirir novas informações e habilidades no meio em que vive.
Relação entre senso de coerência materno, condições socioeconômicas e percepção da saúde bucal
Authors: Lacerda Valéria Rodrigues de , Pontes Elenir Rose Jardim Cury , Queiroz Cecília Lacerda de
Published: July 2012

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a relação entre o senso de coerência materno das mães de pré-escolares e as variáveis idade, renda, escolaridade, trabalho, moradia e percepção da saúde bucal. Seiscentas e quarenta mães de pré-escolares do nível III (4 e 5 anos de idade) do município de Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul) responderam a dois questionários, um para a caracterização socioeconômica e percepção da saúde bucal materna e outro para mensurar o senso de coerência materno. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise estatística por meio do programa Bio Estat, versão 5.0. Para a comparação dos escores do senso de coerência materno foi utilizado o Teste Mann Whitney, ao nível de significância de 5%. Houve associação entre menores valores do senso de coerência materno e condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis, assim como, em situação de stress, as mães apresentaram uma visão pessimista em relação à própria saúde bucal. Portanto, o senso de coerência materno tem fortes características psicológicas e pode ser um determinante de saúde bucal.
Ovodoação: a questão do sigilo
Authors: Montagnini Helena Maria Loureiro , Malerbi Fani , Cedenho Agnaldo Pereira
Published: July 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a intenção de revelar ou não para o filho, familiares e amigos a ovodoação e os motivos subjacentes. Participaram do estudo dez casais receptores de oócitos do Programa de Ovodoação da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, e os dados foram analisados segundo o método qualitativo. A maioria dos participantes relatou que não havia contado sobre a ovodoação para outras pessoas, assim como não tinha a intenção de contar para o filho. Foram alegados diversos motivos, acompanhados de temores relacionados às possíveis reações das crianças. O sigilo sobre a doação de gametas é uma questão complexa, que não deve ser respondida com regras simples e gerais, devendo-se considerar as especificidades de cada família e o contexto em que vivem.
Quantification of leaf greenness and leaf spectral profile in plant diagnosis using an optical scanner
Authors: Doi Ryoichi
Published: July 2012

Observation of leaf spectral profile (color) enables suitable management measures to be taken for crop production. An optical scanner was used: 1) to obtain an equation to determine the greenness of plant leaves and 2) to examine the power to discriminate among plants grown under different nutritional conditions. Sweet basil seedlings grown on vermiculite were supplemented with one-fifth-strength Hoagland solutions containing 0, 0.2, 1, 5, 20, and 50 mM NH4+. The 5 mM treatment resulted in the greatest leaf and shoot weights, indicating a quadratic growth response pattern to the NH4+ gradient. An equation involving b*, black and green to describe the greenness of leaves was provided by the spectral profiling of a color scale for rice leaves as the standard. The color scale values for the basil leaves subjected to 0.2 and 1 mM NH4+ treatments were 1.00 and 1.12, respectively. The other treatments resulted in significantly greater values of 2.25 to 2.42, again indicating a quadratic response pattern. Based on the spectral data set consisting of variables of red-green-blue and other color models and color scale values, in discriminant analysis, 81% of the plants were correctly classified into the six NH4+ treatment groups. Combining the spectral data set with the growth data set consisting of leaf and shoot weights, 92% of the plant samples were correctly classified whereas, using the growth data set, only 53% of plants were correctly classified. Therefore, the optical scanning of leaves and the use of spectral profiles helped plant diagnosis when biomass measurements were not effective.
Yeast as a feed additive for training horses
Authors: Rezende Adalgiza Souza Carneiro de , Trigo Pablo , Lana Ângela Maria Quintão , Santiago Juliano Martins , Silva Vinicius Pimentel , Montijano Francisco Castejón
Published: July 2012

This research analyses the yeast supplementation effect on the digestibility of nutrients and metabolic performance in training horses. Twelve horses were assigned into 2 groups: Pr (20 g of probiotics daily per horse) and control. The diet consisted of roughage (haylage) and commercial rations and all horses were trained for 6 weeks. LIPE® indicator was used during 7 days and feces collected for five days to determine nutrient digestibility. DM, CP, DE, P, NDF, ADF, HCEL and lignin were determined. All horses were subjected to incremental ergospirometry test before and at the end of training. Horses that received live yeast showed an increase (p<0.05) of 4.1% in the digestibility of HCEL. After training, both horse groups presented higher tolerance to fatigue, with an increase in AT and VO2max. The training improved animal performance, hemicellulose digestibility and DE was higher in Pr, but these increases did not improve the performance of these animals.
A educação física na saúde mental: construindo uma formação na perspectiva interdisciplinar
Authors: Roble Odilon José , Moreira Maria Inês Badaró , Scagliusi Fernanda Baeza
Published: July 2012

Este estudo objetivou analisar uma experiência de formação do educador físico como profissional de saúde mental, inserido em uma equipe interdisciplinar. A investigação ocorreu no segundo semestre de 2009, em um Núcleo de Apoio Psicossocial, em Santos, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram utilizados, como materiais de análise, os projetos e relatórios produzidos pelos alunos. Os trechos mais significativos destes foram destacados, agrupados segundo tema-chave, e discutidos. Tratou-se de uma coleta de dados qualitativa, que gerou um ensaio reflexivo sobre o tema. Foram identificados três temas-chave: tendência ao sedentarismo entre os usuários; possibilidades de atuação para o educador físico, e aprendizado mútuo e significativo. O educador físico apareceu como um interlocutor no diálogo terapêutico, alguém que veio conversar sobre o corpo ou com o corpo do ser humano acometido pelo sofrimento psíquico. Nossos resultados corroboram a importância deste profissional nesse contexto e descortinam novos horizontes para tal intervenção.
Militarização do social como estratégia de integração: o caso da UPP do Santa Marta
Authors: Fleury Sonia
Published: July 2012

Neste artigo, é discutida a estratégia adotada pelo governo do Rio de Janeiro para ocupação pelo Estado das favelas que estavam sob o controle do tráfico de drogas. A estratégia de pacificação envolve um primeiro momento de ocupação militar, um segundo de instalação de uma unidade de polícia permanente no território e um terceiro que trataria de estabelecer um diálogo entre os atores sociais e canalizar as demandas para a rede de políticas. O objetivo inicial de estabelecimento de uma nova ordem policial coercitiva confronta-se, em muitos aspectos, com a construção de uma esfera pública ampliada por meio da expansão da cidadania aos moradores destes territórios e sua integração à cidade. Em estudo de caso realizado na primeira favela ocupada, o Santa Marta, evidenciam-se as enormes tensões e contradições desta estratégia de ampliação dos direitos de cidadania por meio da militarização do campo social¹.
Da escola de Chicago ao nacional-desenvolvimentismo: saúde e nação no pensamento de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1940 - 1950)
Authors: Maio Marcos Chor , Lopes Thiago da Costa
Published: July 2012

O artigo explora a interface entre Saúde Pública e Ciências Sociais no pensamento de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1940-1950), à luz de sua trajetória intelectual e do desenvolvimento daquelas disciplinas no Brasil. Indica-se como a Saúde foi um elemento-chave para as interpretações de Guerreiro Ramos sobre a Nação e sobre o papel que as Ciências Sociais deveriam assumir no processo de modernização da sociedade. Iniciando sua carreira em agências governamentais, seus primeiros trabalhos sobre Saúde e Infância foram inspirados por abordagens sociológicas norte-americanas, notadamente da chamada "Escola de Chicago". Nos anos 1950, Guerreiro analisou o problema da mortalidade infantil como resultado de estruturas socioeconômicas subdesenvolvidas e criticou os programas de saúde pública que, a seu ver, estavam desarticulados do objetivo prioritário de industrialização.
Dialogue, agency and experiential learning in international camps
Authors: Baraldi Claudio
Published: July 2012

Experiential learning may be conceived as a social communicative process that displays agency, which indicates autonomous construction of meanings during social process. This paper explores social conditions and cultural presuppositions of experiential learning, showing that it can be successfully enhanced through a form of dialogue which empowers participants' personal expression of ideas and emotions. The specific meanings of empowering dialogue are the promotion and fair distribution of active participation in interaction (equity), the display of sensitivity towards the interlocutors' interests and/or needs (empathy), and the treatment of disagreements and alternative perspectives as enrichments in communication. These meanings are explored through the analysis of transcriptions of videotaped interactions which were collected in four international residential camps for adolescents, coordinated by expert adults. First, the analysis of the data shows those adults' dialogic actions which work effectively in promoting experiential learning: appreciations, acknowledgement tokens, affective non-verbal behaviour, continuers, formulations, promotional questions, direct invitations and suggestions. Second, the analysis identifies the main obstacles for empowering dialogue, which are adults' negative assessments and assertions of hierarchical stances with adolescents. Some final considerations are drawn regarding the features of empowering dialogue that can empower experiential learning as agency in interactions.
Frequência de Escherichia coli e sua sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos em menores de cinco anos hospitalizados por diarreia aguda
Authors: Moura Maria do Rosário S. de Almeida Lélis de , Mello Maria Júlia Gonçalves de , Calábria Waldylene Barbosa , Germano Eliane Mendes , Maggi Ruben Rolando Schindler , Correia Jailson de Barros
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVOS: determinar a frequência de Escherichia coli diarreiogênica e sua sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos em menores de cinco anos hospitalizados por diarreia aguda. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo tipo corte transversal realizado no Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, entre janeiro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2011. Foram excluídas as crianças com diagnóstico de imunodeficiência ou usando antimicrobianos. Para cada paciente foi feito uma única coleta de swab retal nas primeiras 24 horas de internação. Os patógenos foram identificados na coprocultura e sorotipagem. Os antibiogramas foram obtidos por disco-difusão. RESULTADOS: 140 crianças foram arroladas, em sua maioria provinham de famílias de baixa renda da Região Metropolitana do Recife. Foram isolados 99 microorganismos: 9 (6,4%) E. coli enteropatogênica (EPEC) e 4 (2,9%) E. coli enteroinvasora (EIEC) e 80 (57,1%) outras E.coli não EPEC, não EIEC, 3 (2,1%) Shigella spp e 3 (2,1%) Salmonella spp. O perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos demonstrou níveis elevados de resistência à ampicilina e sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima. CONCLUSÕES: a baixa frequência de EPEC observada pode estar associada às condições de saneamento básico favoráveis apresentadas pelos pacientes do estudo. A análise local do perfil da sensibilidade da E. coli aos antimicrobianos reforça a recomendação da Organização Mundial de Saúde para o uso racional dessas drogas visando prevenção da resistência bacteriana.
Effect of chemical admixtures on loaded reinforced concrete columns in fire
Authors: Rashad Alaa M. , Hodhod Osama A. , Ragab Ahmed M.
Published: July 2012

This investigation reports on a comparative study of the residual capacity at elevated temperature of loaded reinforced concrete column specimens containing different types of chemical admixtures and coarse aggregate. Three types of aggregate were employed named gravel, dolomite and basalt as well as three types of admixtures named superplasticizer, setting retarder and setting accelerator. 12 concrete mixes were prepared. Each mix contained two column specimens. One of them was tested at ambient temperature to determine its load capacity and the second was loaded with working load and exposed to 650°C for 30 minutes. During heating, the temperature at different locations on the mid height section of the specimen were recorded every 5 minutes. The results showed better performance of basalt and dolomite concretes without admixtures, after firing. Adversely, when admixtures are included, gravel concrete performs better than basalt and dolomite concretes, after firing.
Sustainable concrete using hemp fibres
Authors: Awwad Elie Antoine , Hamad Bilal , Mabsout Mounir , Khatib Helmi
Published: July 2012

This paper reports a study encapsulating natural industrial hemp fibres in plain concrete mixes. It targets a green concrete material by reducing the coarse aggregate content while maintaining its performance. Small cubes, beams and cylinders were tested to evaluate the performance of concrete mixes prepared with different volumetric ratios of fibres and different proportions of aggregates reduction. Results with hemp fibres are compared with samples with steel and polypropylene fibres, as well as control samples without fibres. Although the compressive strength is partially reduced, the presence of hemp fibres allows ductile flexural performance, instead of the brittle failure found in plain concrete. The hemp fibre mixes show similar performance with respect to polypropylene mixes. The use of industrial hemp fibres may allow for the reduction of coarse aggregates while providing a ductile flexural performance. The adoption of agricultural fibres in concrete will encourage farming activities to prosper, leading to rewarding economic benefits.
Experience of using the prTS 12390-12 accelerated carbonation test to assess the relative performance of concrete
Authors: Harrison Thomas A. , Jones Martyn Roderick , Newlands Moray David , Kandasami Sivakumar , Khanna Gaurav
Published: July 2012

This paper reports data on the use of the prTS 12390-12 accelerated carbonation test (reference method) over the past two decades and shows that accelerated carbonation testing is a suitable technique for ranking concretes in their carbonation resistance. Testing at 5, 7 and 10 weeks provides the optimum solution that minimises the risk of incorrect ranking of different constituent materials. Analysis of data from previous studies also shows that the reference test conditions of a partial pressure of 4% carbon dioxide are a suitable level which allows sufficient carbonation to take place for accurate depth measurement while the preconditioning period of 28 days standard followed by 2 weeks drying in laboratory air did not disadvantage pozzolanic and similar type cements.
Critical temperature stress evaluation in asphalt pavements
Authors: Rajbongshi Pabitra
Published: July 2012

Daily variation of temperature T(t) in asphalt pavements is non-linear with time (t). Irrespective of temperature variation, the developed temperature stress (σ(t)) varies non-linearly with t, due to the viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt material. In viscoelatic materials, σ(t) can be evaluated as an integral function of time. While integrating for stress evaluation for an intermediate day, specifically during the winter, one has to adopt an initial hour of the T(t) profile. It is questionable which initial hour of T(t) provides the critical stress situation, while taking into account: (a) a non-linear temperature variation; (b) the effect of previous stress history; and (c) the stress relaxation with time. This paper critically examines the initial conditions of the T(t) profile for critical stress evaluation, which is of primary concern for thermal cracking prediction. This paper also presents a parametric study on the temperature stress.
Computerized Tomographic Morphometric Analysis of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Evangelopoulos DS , Kontovazenitis P , Kouris S , Zlatidou X , Benneker LM , Vlamis JA , Korres DS , Efstathopoulos N
Published: July 2012

Background:

Detailed knowledge of cervical canal and transverse foramens’ morphometry is critical for understanding the pathology of certain diseases and for proper preoperative planning. Lateral x-rays do not provide the necessary accuracy. A retrospective morphometric study of the cervical canal was performed at the authors’ institution to measure mean dimensions of sagittal canal diameter (SCD), right and left transverse foramens’ sagittal (SFD) and transverse (TFD) diameters and minimum distance between spinal canal and transverse foramens (dSC-TF) for each level of the cervical spine from C1-C7, using computerized tomographic scans, in 100 patients from the archives of the Emergency Room.

Results:

Significant differences for SCD were detected between C1 and the other levels of the cervical spine for both male and female patients. For the transverse foramen, significant differences in sagittal diameters were detected at C3, C4, C5 levels. For transverse diameters, significant differences at C3 and C4 levels. A significant difference of the distance between the transverse spinal foramen and the cervical canal was measured between left and right side at the level of C3. This difference was equally observed to male and female subjects.

Conclusion:

CT scan can replace older conventional radiography techniques by providing more accurate measurements on anatomical elements of the cervical spine that could facilitate diagnosis and preoperative planning, thus avoiding possible trauma to the vertebral arteries during tissue dissection and instrument application.
Sonication of Intramedullary Nails: Clinically-Related Infection and Contamination
Authors: Esteban J , Sandoval E , Cordero-Ampuero J , Molina-Manso D , Ortiz-Pérez A , Fernández-Roblas R , Gómez-Barrena E
Published: July 2012

Background and Aim:

Sonication is currently considered the best procedure for microbiological diagnosis of implant-related osteoarticular infection, but studies in nail-related infections are lacking. The study aim was to evaluate
implant sonication after intramedullary nail explantation, and relate it to microbiological cultures and clinical outcome.

Patients and Methods:

A study was performed in two University Hospitals from the same city. Thirty-one patients with implanted nails were prospectively included, whether with clinical infection (8 cases) or without (23 cases). Retrieved nails underwent sonication according a previously published protocol. The clinical and microbiological outcome patient
was related to the presence of microorganisms in the retrieved implant.

Results:

Positive results appeared in 15/31 patients (9 with polymicrobial infections) almost doubling those clinically infected cases. The most commonly isolated organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (19.2 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (15.4 %). A significant relationship was found between the presence of positive cultures and previous local superficial infection (p=0.019). The presence of usual pathogens was significantly related to clinical infection (p=0.005) or local superficial infection (p=0.032). All patients with positive cultures showed pain diminution or absence of pain after nail removal (15/15), but this only occurred in 8 (out of 16) patients with negative cultures.

Conclusions:

In patients with previously diagnosed infection or local superficial infection, study of the hardware is mandatory. In cases where pain or patient discomfort is observed, nail sonication can help diagnose the implant colonization with potential pathogens that might require specific treatment to improve the final outcome.
Glassy carbon electrode modified with poly(taurine)/TiO2-graphene composite film for determination of acetaminophen and caffeine
Authors: Xiong Xiao-Qin , Huang Ke-Jing , Xu Chun-Xuan , Jin Chun-Xue , Zhai Qiu-Ge
Published: July 2012

A novel electrochemical sensor poly(taurine)/TiO2-graphene nanocomposite
modified glassy carbon electrode (PT/TiO2-Gr/GCE) was fabricated. This sensor
was based on an electrochemically polymerized taurine layer on a
TiO2-graphene modified glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical behaviors
of acetaminophen and caffeine at the modified electrode were studied by
cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed
that the oxidation peak currents of acetaminophen and caffeine were linear
with their concentrations in the range of 1?10-7-9?10-5 M and 2.5?10-5-2?10-4
M, respectively. The detection limits of acetaminophen and caffeine were
3.4?10-8 M and 5.0?10-7 M, respectively (S/N=3). This modified electrode
showed good sensitivity and stability, which had promising potential
applications in electrochemical sensors and biosensors design.
Steady thermal stress and strain rates in a rotating circular cylinder under steady state temperature
Authors: Pankaj Thakur
Published: July 2012

Thermal stress and strain rates in a thick walled rotating cylinder under
steady state temperature has been derived by using Seth?s transition theory.
For elastic-plastic stage, it is seen that with the increase of temperature,
the cylinder having smaller radii ratios requires lesser angular velocity to
become fully plastic as compared to cylinder having higher radii ratios The
circumferential stress becomes larger and larger with the increase in
temperature. With increase in thickness ratio stresses must be decrease. For
the creep stage, it is seen that circumferential stresses for incompressible
materials maximum at the internal surface as compared to compressible
material, which increase with the increase in temperature and measure n.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of flow over a circular cylinder at moderate Reynolds numbers
Authors: Arumuga Perumal , Kumar Gundavarapu , Dass Anoop
Published: July 2012

This work is concerned with Lattice Boltzmann computation of two-dimensional
incompressible viscous flow past a circular cylinder confined in a channel.
Computations are carried out both for steady and unsteady flows and the
critical Reynolds number at which symmetry breaks and unsteadiness sets in is
predicted. Effects of Reynolds number, blockage ratio and channel length are
studied in some details. All the results compare quite well with those
computed with continuum-based methods, demonstrating the ability and
usefulness of the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) in capturing the flow
features of this interesting and fluid-mechanically rich problem.