Resistencia De Salmonella Spp A AntibiÃ³ticos Y FluctuaciÃ³n FisicoquÃ­mica Del Agua A Nivel Espacial En La Cuenca Media Del RÃ­o Usumacinta, MÃ©xico
Authors: Cruz-Leyva MarÃ­a ConcepciÃ³n de la , GonzÃ¡lez-de la Cruz JosÃ© Ulises , Urbina Vidaura Catalina Debelis , GonzÃ¡lez Carlos Alfonso Ãlvarez , Cuenca-Soria Carlos Alberto 
Published: June 2020

La presencia de antibiÃ³ticos en cuerpos de agua es un indicador de su mal uso. Se realizaron muestreos en seis sitios con marcada influencia antropogÃ©nica en la cuenca media del rÃ­o Usumacinta, MÃ©xico, durante la estaciÃ³n de seca, con la finalidad de estudiar la variaciÃ³n espacial fisicoquÃ­mica del agua y la resistencia antimicrobiana de Salmonella spp. La identificaciÃ³n bacteriana se realizÃ³ con pruebas bioquÃ­micas convencionales. La resistencia bacteriana fue evaluada mediante la sensibilidad antibiÃ³tica a la amikacina (AK 30 Î¼g), levofloxacina (LEV 5 Î¼g), ceftriaxona (CRO Î¼g 30), cloranfenicol (CLO 30 Î¼g), trÃ­metropina-sulfametoxazol (TRI-SXT 25 Î¼g), ampicilina (AM 10 Î¼g), (cefalotina CF 30 Î¼g), gentamicina (GE 10 Î¼g), (netilmicina NET 30 Î¼g), nitrofurantoÃ­na (NF 300 Î¼g), cefepime (FEP 30 Î¼g) y cefotaxima (CTX 30 Î¼g); con la tÃ©cnica de difusiÃ³n estandarizada de Kirby Bauer. Los resultados detectaron 16 cepas correspondientes a Salmonella spp. AsÃ­ mismo, los diÃ¡metros de los halos de inhibiciÃ³n del crecimiento bacteriano fueron significativos, por efecto del tipo de antibiÃ³tico empleado para las pruebas. AsÃ­ como, por efecto del sitio de muestreo (p < 0.05). El 100% de las cepas de Salmonella spp fueron sensibles a los antibiÃ³ticos AK, LEV, CRO, GE, NET, FEP y la CTX; mientras el 93.7% fueron resistentes a la AM. Finalmente, la resistencia de Salmonella spp, a antibiÃ³ticos puede verse afectada por el grado de perturbaciÃ³n antropogÃ©nica del sitio muestreado y segÃºn el tipo de antibiÃ³tico presente en el agua.
The presence of antibiotics in water bodies is an indicator of their misuse. Samples were conducted at six sites with marked anthropogenic influence in the middle basin of the Usumacinta River, Mexico, during the dry season. In order to study the physicochemical spatial variation of water and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp., bacterial identification was performed with conventional biochemical tests. Bacterial resistance was evaluated by the antibiotic sensitivity of amikacin (AK 30 Î¼g), levofloxacin (LEV 5 Î¼g), ceftriaxone (CRO Î¼g 30), chloramphenicol (CLO 30 Î¼g), trimetropin-sulfamethoxazole (TRI-SXT 25 Î¼g), ampicillin (AM 10 Î¼g), cephalothin (CF 30 Î¼g), gentamicin (GE 10 Î¼g), netilmicin (NET 30 Î¼g), nitrofurantoin (NF 300 Î¼g), cefepime (FEP 30 Î¼g) and cefotaxime (CTX 30 Î¼g); with the standardized diffusion technique of Kirby Bauer. The results showed the diameters of the bacterial growth inhibition halos were significant, due to the type of antibiotic used for the tests. In addition, the effect of the sampling site was significant (p <0.05). 100% of Salmonella spp strains were sensitive to antibiotics AK, LEV, CRO, GE, NET, FEP and CTX; while 93.7 %were resistant to AM. Finally, the resistance of Salmonella spp to antibiotics can be affected by the degree of anthropogenic disturbance of the sampled site, and according to the type of antibiotic present in the water.