bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of early warning scores to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kaeley Nidhi , Mahala Prakash , Kabi Ankita , Choudhary Suman , Hazra Anirban Ghosh , Vempalli Subramanyam
Published: September 2021

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) has evolved as a global pandemic. The patients with COVID-19 infection can present as mild, moderate, and severe disease forms. The reported mortality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection is around 6.6%, which is lower than that of SARS-CoV and (middle east respiratory syndrome CoV). However, the fatality rate of COVID-19 infection is higher in the geriatric age group and in patients with multiple co-morbidities. The study aimed to evaluate the utility of early warning scores (EWS) to predict mortality in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection.

Methods:

This retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care institute of Uttarakhand. Demographic and clinical data of the admitted patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infection were collected from the hospital record section and utilized to calculate the EWS-National early warning score (NEWS), modified early warning score (MEWS), Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS), rapid emergency medicine score (REMS), and worthing physiological scoring system (WPS).

Results:

The area under the curve for NEWS, MEWS, RAPS, REMS, and WPS was 0.813 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.769–0.858), 0.770 (95% CI; 0.717–0.822), 0.755 (95% CI; 0.705–0.805), 0.892 (95% CI; 0.859–0.924), and 0.892 (95% CI; 0.86–0.924), respectively.

Conclusion:

The EWS at triage can be used for early assessment of severity as well as predict mortality in patients with COVID-19 patients.
Prevalence of discharge against medical advice and its associated demographic predictors among pediatric patients
Authors: Alwallan Nesreen Suliman , Al Ibrahim Ahmad Mohammed Ishaque , Osman Homaida Wafa Elrasheed , Alsalamah Majid , Alshahrani Saeed Mastour , Al-Khateeb Badr F , Bahkali Salwa , Al-Qumaizi Khalid Ibrahim , Toivola Paivi , El-Metwally Ashraf
Published: September 2021

Background:

Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) occurs when the patient or their caretaker leaves the hospital against the recommendation of their treating physician. DAMA may expose the children to a high risk of inadequate treatment, which may result in readmission, prolonged morbidity, and mortality. The study aimed to identify the predictors of DAMA in the emergency department (ED) within the pediatric age group.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study. The study used the medical records of pediatric patients (n = 5609) that were admitted to the ED of King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during 2017 and 2018. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, or Fisher's exact test were used. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with their 95% CI were reported by performing logistic regression modeling.

Results:

A significant interaction between age and gender was observed in the multivariate analysis after adjusting for the other covariates. The odds of DAMA for a 5-year-old female child were 4.43 times higher than those of a 5-year-old male child (P < 0.1).

Conclusions:

The public should be educated about the consequences of DAMA. Continued health education and the promotion of child survival strategies at the community level, combined with an improvement in the socioeconomic conditions of the population, may further reduce DAMA and improve the chances of survival for children. Future studies should assess the socioeconomic status of the patients and estimate the cost that is incurred by the patients.
Validation of the vasoactive-inotropic score in predicting pediatric septic shock mortality
Authors: Pudjiadi Antonius Hocky , Pramesti Dwi Lestari , Pardede Sudung O. , Djer Mulyadi M. , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Kaswandani Nastiti
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Mortality in pediatric septic shock remains very high. Vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) is widely used to predict prognosis in patients with heart disease. It is a simple method that was initially used as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in postoperative patients with congenital heart diseases. Previous reports showed that high VIS score was associated with high mortality in pediatric sepsis. However, its discriminative value remains unclear. We aim to explore the discriminative value of VIS in predicting mortality in pediatric septic shock patients.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study on medical records of septic shock patients who received care in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We screened medical records of pediatric patients which were diagnosed with septic shock and admitted to the PICU and received vasoactive/inotropic score for more than 8 h. Other supporting examination results were recorded, such as organ function evaluation for calculation of Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) score. The outcome of patients was recorded. The receiver operating curve was constructed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of each cutoff point.

Results:

We obtained the optimum cutoff point of VIS > 11 with 78.87% sensitivity and 72.22% specificity. AUC positive was 0.779 (P < 0.001); predictive value and negative predictive value were 91.80% and 46.43%, respectively.

Conclusion:

VIS > 11 has a good ability to predict mortality in children with septic shock.
The Effect of Antenatal Betamethasone on Prevention of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome before Elective Cesarean Section at Term
Authors: Sahaf Farnaz , Zakariya Nahideh Afshar
Published: September 2021

Background:

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is an important respiratory disease possibly caused by surfactant deficiency in infants and has a heavy financial burden on the country's health system. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between RDS in neonates who were born by elective cesarean at term with and without corticosteroids.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized clinical trial study was performed on all mothers who delivered by elective cesarean section at Alzahra and Taleghani Hospital with a Pregnancy age of more than 37 weeks. After considering exclusion criteria, the patients were randomly divided into either betamethasone (IM injection of 12 mg daily for two doses) or the control group. The comparison of these two groups was in RDS, hospitalization in the neonatal ward, or admission to newborn intensive care unit (NICU).

Results:

One hundred and sixty patients participated in the study. Fifty percentage (n = 80) of them received betamethasone and 50% did not. Of all, 160 neonates, 73.8% in Group 1 and 82.5 of the Group 2 had a 1st-min Apgar score of 9.9–9.10. Significant differences were observed in neonatal Apgar score in two groups (P < 0.05). RDS was found in 11 (6.87%) neonates born from both groups. The hospitalization of neonatal in intensive care units and the time of hospitalization of infants in the betamethasone group were less than the control group and statistically significant (P < 0.05). No cases of necrotizing enterocolitis and neonatal sepsis were observed.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study represented that giving betamethasone to mothers with programmed elective cesarean at term beseem to have a beneficial effect on RDS, NICU admission, and hospitalization. More studies with a larger sample size including the effects of other steroids are recommended.
Worse Outcomes of Early Targeted Ibuprofen Treatment Compared to Expectant Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Termerova Jana , Kuběna Aleš Antonín , Paslerová Ráchel , Liška Karel
Published: September 2021

Aims:

The aim of the study is to evaluate two different patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) management approaches and their impact on neonatal mortality and/or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and 2-year outcomes.

Subjects and Methods:

For two consecutive periods, data on early mortality and morbidity were obtained retrospectively, while long-term morbidity data in children born before 28 weeks of gestation were collected prospectively. In the early targeted treatment period (TTP), ibuprofen was early indicated on patients with high clinical risk and PDA diameter of more than two millimeters in the first 3 days. In the expectant treatment period (EXP), the expectant approach was used.

Results:

A total of 201 eligible infants were screened. Of these, 99 were managed in the TTP and 102 in the EXP. From 99 infants in the TTP, 24 patients were treated early and 17 later. From 102 infants in the EXP, 17 infants with symptomatic PDA were treated. Severe BPD and/or death were more frequent in the TTP as compared to EXP (28 and 16 infants, respectively; P = 0.007; odds ratio = 2.12; confidence interval = 1.06–4.23; c = 0.216). Moreover, infants who underwent the expectant approach did not need further cardiological interventions after discharge.

Conclusions:

Early targeted treatment of large PDAs was associated with an increased risk of severe BPD and/or death. We must pay attention to the side effects of early ibuprofen treatment because these may outweigh the benefits of ductus closure, especially in the vulnerable population of extremely preterm infants.
An Unusual Case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in Newborn due to COVID-19 – Presenting with Stage 11 b Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Thakur Neha , Rai Narendra
Published: September 2021

Neonatal enterocolitis is the most common gastrointestinal emergency reported in preterm babies. The most common infective organism involved in the pathogenesis includes bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella. Until now, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) as a causative agent of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has not been reported. We report a unique case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and adolescents in newborn who presented with NEC. A 34-week-old male baby born to COVID-19-positive mother by normal vaginal delivery was admitted since birth in the special care newborn unit due to respiratory distress. Baby was COVID positive within 24 h of birth. He developed NEC at day 8 of life. He developed signs and symptoms of MIS-C. He responded to intravenous immunoglobulin and was discharged on day 16 of life. This is the first case report of MIS-C in newborn in India. Baby had NEC due to SARS-CoV2 which has not been reported until now. This case highlights the possibility of surge in newborn MIS-C postsecond wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India.
Circulating serum miR-1246 and miR-1229 as diagnostic biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Rafiee Reihaneh , Razmara Ehsan , Motavaf Mahsa , Mossahebi-Mohammadi Majid , Khajehsharifi Shima , Rouhollah Fatemeh , Babashah Sadegh
Published: September 2021

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Although colonoscopy is considered as the “Gold Standard” technique to detect CRC, its application is invasive and cost incurred. Thus, noninvasive or minimally invasive approaches are of utmost importance. The aberrant expression of some microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) has been suggested in association with CRC pathogenesis. This study aimed to validate if circulating serum miR-1229 and miR-1246 are diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.

Materials and Methods:

Serum samples were isolated from 45 CRC patients and also 45 healthy controls (HC). The expression levels of circulating serum-derived miR-1229 and miR-1246 were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the CRC diagnostic accuracy of selected miRNAs. Furthermore, the association of candidate miRNAs and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Functional enrichment of the candidate miRNAs was applied using in silico tools.

Results:

The expression of miR-1229 and miR-1246 was significantly higher in CRC patients than HC (P < 0.0001) and also was found in association with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). We demonstrated a significant up-regulation of serum-derived miR-1246 in advanced tumor–node–metastasis stage III of CRC patients (P < 0.05). Areas under the ROC curve of miR-1229 and miR-1246 were 0.81 and 0.84, respectively (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

We confirmed the capability of circulating serum miR-1229 and miR-1246 as novel diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
Breast metastasis in follicular thyroid cancer patient
Authors: Ertürk Seyit Ahmet , Hasbek Zekiye , Duman Gülhan , Sariakçali Barış
Published: September 2021

In this case report, we aimed to present the findings of a follicular thyroid carcinoma patient with breast metastasis, which is rarely reported in the literature. A 33-year-old female who had been operated for thyroid cancer 17 years ago, but whose pathology report could not be reached was suspected of recurrence in the left lobe region of the thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was done in this region, and the biopsy result was reported as thyroid follicular carcinoma. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed for re-staging before surgery. In the PET/CT, it was found that there was residual thyroid tissue in the right and left lobe region and superior to these lesions in the left side, there were lesions which destruct to the hyoid bone, and there were multiple nodular lesions in both lungs which measured with maximum 15 mm × 12 mm, and all these lesions have increased 18F-FDG uptake. In addition to these lesions, a nodular lesion with the size of ~11 mm ×10 mm in the upper-middle quadrant of the right breast, and it was showing increased 18F-FDG uptake (maximum standardized uptake value: 3). Pathology results of the left neck region operation materials were reported as papillary and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Right lumpectomy was performed for the lesion in the right breast during the same session with thyroid operation. The pathology result of this lesion was also reported as metastasis of thyroid follicular cancer. Posttreatment iodine-131 whole-body scan after surgery was reported as there was abnormal accumulation in residual thyroid tissues on the right side of the neck and lung metastases. In patients with thyroid cancer, the possibility of metastasis of the breasts should be considered when there is a lesion in the breast tissue.
Emerging issues and preventive measures for health care workers in the diagnostic field in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Kaur Arshdeep , Sinha Madhu , Das Abhijit , Gulati Natasha , Mehndiratta Manmohan , Shekhar Chandra
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 is an emerging infectious disease first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which subsequently spread as a global pandemic posing a global threat. As per World Health Organisation worldwide around 38 lac people have been infected and 2.6 lac people have died from the disease and in India 59,662 people are infected with 1981 deaths by May 9, 2020. It is feasible that potentially infectious specimens may be submitted in our laboratory those are the impending source of infection to the laboratory personnel. Using imaging equipment on coronavirus confirmed/suspected patient/carriers is a serious hazard for healthcare providers because there is a risk that the virus could remain on the surface of the computed tomography scan machines or ultrasound (US) probes/patient bed/couch. Here, we have enlisted the rigorous biosafety measures which if executed appropriately can significantly drop the chances of spread of infection to health care workers in these diagnostic sections.
Perception of patient safety culture amongst healthcare personnel in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Meena Keval Singh , Shetty Asha P.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Patient safety in healthcare includes the safety of both patients (clients) and healthcare providers. It emphasizes reporting, analysis and prevention of medical errors that often lead to adverse health events and thus it becomes one of the most important aspects needed in a hospital setting.

Purpose:

The study aimed to assess the perception of patient safety culture amongst healthcare personnel in a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:

A descriptive research design was selected as an appropriate method; 380 participants were selected through convenience sampling technique, including physicians, nursing officers and other technical staff. The setting for the study was all departments of a tertiary care hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, a self-administered questionnaire, was used to assess the perception of patient safety culture.

Results:

The data were entered into SPSS version 20. The overall response rate in the present study was 84%. The average composite response rate was 57.37%. The dimension of 'teamwork within the unit', 'organisational learning' and 'feedback and communication error' showed the maximum positive responses 81.25%, 79.91% and 70.61%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Professional practice is a priority to promote patient safety culture amongst healthcare personnel. To have homogeneous patient safety culture amongst all healthcare professional, it is essential to increase awareness about patient safety amongst healthcare personnel and motivate them to participate in the service.
Hydropower plant in Eastern Amazon and its impacts on the local population’s eating habits
Authors: Severino Wellinson Maximin de Souza , Santos Erick Silva dos , Albuquerque-Cunha Helenilza Ferreira
Published: September 2021

This study assessed the direct impacts of Cachoeira Caldeirão Hydropower Plant (before and during its construction) on the eating habits (fish and wild meat consumption) of the residents in Porto Grande City, Amapá State, Brazil. The study was conducted in 2015, based on a questionnaire for data collection (Sample size = 53) and on comparative analysis for significance (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05) and correlation (Pearson’s test) assessment. Results suggested significant changes in families’ eating habits. The Wilcoxon test detected three significant variables (p < 0.05): family income, number of species (fish and wild meat consumption) and rate of wild meat consumption per family. Both the Wilcoxon and the Pearson’s correlation tests confirmed two variables (p < 0.05 and r > 0.7): family income versus wild meat consumption before (p value = 0.045; r = - 0.75) and family income versus fish consumption during (p value = 0.0029; r = - 0.83) hydropower plant construction. It can be inferred that the decrease in family fish consumption may be related to changes in the families' eating habits. Changes in diet may have led families to a growing consumption of industrialized and/or ultra-processed foods, very common in geographically isolated Amazon riverside regions with limited access to electricity. Furthermore, families were forced to adapt to a new reality due to environmental changes in their territories.
Adsorption of metal ions in red marine algae Lithothamnium calcareum in the treatment of industrial effluents
Authors: Silva Jaíza Ribeiro Mota e , Oliveira Luiz Fernando Coutinho de , Franco Camila Silva , Oliveira Juliano Elvis de , Silvério Bárbara Belchior
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the adsorption capacity of the elements Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) to marine algae Lithothamnium calcareum by means of adsorption kinetics and batch adsorption tests, with a view to the development of a simple technique for the treatment of effluents that have a high concentration of metal ions. The algae was sieved, washed and subjected to treatment. In the adsorption kinetics, 0.2 g of algae was weighed, an amount transferred to 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, to which was added 15 mL of solution with a concentration of 5 mg L-1 of the metal ion. The flasks were stirred at 60 rpm for 240 minutes. In batch adsorption, 0.2 g of algae was weighed, amount transferred to 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, to which was added 15 mL of solution with concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250 e 500 mg L-1 of the metal ion. The flasks were stirred at 60 rpm for 24 hours. In the two tests, the supernatant solutions collected were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes and the equilibrium concentrations of metal ions were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. It was found that, in 240 minutes of contact, the Lithothamnium calcareum removed 15.5% of Cr, 33.0% of Mn and 8.0% of Zn in solution; and that in 24 hours of contact, at a concentration of 5 mg L-1, it removed 0.4% of Cr, 52.5% of Mn and 92.6% of Zn; and, at a concentration of 500 mg L-1, it removed 20.0% of Cr, 22.6% of Mn and 40.8% of Zn.  The results showed that the Lithothamnium calcareum submitted to thermochemical treatment presented potential for use in the adsorption of Cr, Mn and Zn.
PDE comparison principles for Robin problems
Authors: Langford Jeffrey J.
Published: September 2021

We compare the solutions of two Poisson problems in a spherical shell with Robin boundary conditions, one with given data, and one where the data have been cap symmetrized. When the Robin parameters are nonnegative, we show that the solution to the symmetrized problem has larger convex means. Sending one of the Robin parameters to
$+\infty $
, we obtain mixed Robin/Dirichlet comparison results in shells. We prove similar results on balls and prove a comparison principle on generalized cylinders with mixed Robin/Neumann boundary conditions.
ASEAN 2020: Một năm nhìn lại trong đại dịch Covid-19
Authors: Huy Dương Văn
Published: September 2021

Bài viết phân tích thực trạng đại dịch Covid-19 ở khu vực năm 2020. Tiếp đến, bài viết phân tích những tác động của chúng, trên các chiều kích khác nhau, đối với ASEAN năm 2020. Trong đó, bài viết nhấn mạnh rằng, ASEAN cũng như toàn thế giới chịu tác động nặng nề của đại dịch Covid-19, tăng trưởng kinh tế các nước suy giảm mạnh mẽ, hoạt động du lịch ngưng trệ, tỷ lệ thất nghiệp tăng. Các kế hoạch phát triển của từng quốc gia cũng như các cam kết của ASEAN bị đảo lộn, hoạt động đầu tư, thương mại và chuỗi cung ứng bị tác động mạnh mẽ. Trong khi đó, năng lực chống chọi với diễn biến phức tạp của đại dịch của nhiều quốc gia trong khu vực còn yếu, sức đề kháng về mặt kinh tế - xã hội ngày càng suy giảm. Tuy nhiên, khu vực ASEAN đang đứng trước những thời cơ phát triển, có điều kiện tham gia sâu hơn vào chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu và thúc đẩy tiến trình số hóa nền kinh tế. Quan trọng là cần có tiếp tục hỗ trợ lẫn nhau giữa các nước để ASEAN để tận dụng cơ hội. Cuối cùng, bài viết khẳng định rằng, ASEAN năm 2020 vừa phải đối diện với những thách thức lớn do tác động của đại dịch Covid-19, đồng thời cũng đón nhận những cơ hội phát triển mới.
EDUCATION THROUGH THEATRE: HOW THE CHILDREN DESERVE
Authors: DIDAR MUHAMMAD
Published: September 2021

Theatre is known for entertainment but that is not the end. Theatre gives messages; it teaches the young and old through its interactive and communicative action method, easily called learning by doing.  Children should not be out of this avail of pedagogy because Child Education is the potential area for entertainment education. Co-curricular Activities are the fundamental elements of teaching. These activities would be more effective if we retouch and modify by Theatrical Method. As the children love to learn by doing, thus they love the text. This paper shows how the teaching method children deserve, how this strategy of education through theatre helps them to love the textbook.
1960 COUP D’ÉTAT: THE FIRST COUP IN TURKISH REPUBLIC
Authors: SURID AKHAND SHARIF
Published: September 2021

On May 27th the Republic of Turkey faced her first full-fledged Military takeover (Coup). As it is said, “A Coup is never just a Coup”. This review article provides a summary of the atmosphere before and after the coup of 1960 and a critical analysis of the democratic promises it brought. This Paper analyzes different terms used to identify the event such as revolution, insurrection, intervention, and coup. It also discusses the tradition of regular military intervention in the history of the Republic of Turkey. Since the transition to democracy and the multiparty system was not natural this paper also indicates the absence of democratic culture in Turkish history.  After 27th May, Turkey was led to the new constitutional structure of 1961. As it is said, the 1924 Constitution that established the first Republic of Turkey was wiped out with a coup and the 1961 Constitution and the Second Republic was established (Dursun, 2005:187). Since then until recent times the military could not separate itself from the political life of Turkey. The following discussions enclose; the origin of the 1960 Coup, the Aftermath, the Conspiracies, the Civilian Military relationship, Traditional and Historical views, Kemalist Principles, Government citizen dialogues, and Socio-economic backwardness. This critical analysis went through different interesting and easily misunderstood concepts (such as Revolt, Revolution, Military takeover, etc.).
KAPTAI LAKE BASED LIVELIHOOD & THE DEVELOPMENT IN RANGAMATI: A DEVELOPMENT OBSERVATION
Authors: ISLAM MD. AMIRUL
Published: September 2021

The Chittagong Hill Tract is a diverse part of Bangladesh for its ethnic diversity. The indigenous community has fame of simplicity and friendly across the world but in CHT! It has a different political history of the peach accord, pre-peach ach accord unrest situation, engagement of military, a riot between tribal and non-tribal almost the CHT is considered as an unrest zone and hostile in attitude to the people from outside. But many of them are in dark about the underlying causes of that situation. Kaptai dam is one of the main causes. Kaptai Lake is a creation of kaptai dam; displaced 10 million people but creates some opportunity for the inhabitant in Rangamati. Whether the impact of dam is good or bad but should be cleat to all about the reality of that context. The bad notion to the distinctive lifestyle of an indigenous community should be calm by providing proper information and clarification. On the other hand, the good impact of the mega project of kaptai dam needs to be analyzed for learning.
IMPORTS OF BREEDING ANIMALS FROM ABROAD WITH SPECIAL PERMISSION BY CONTRACT WITH BREEDERS
Authors: GÜNGÖR SERHAT , UĞUR ZÜLKADİR
Published: September 2021

After determining that the low productivity of indigenous breeds, Turkey was started the animal imports in the early years of the Republic to increase the yields of animal and the development of the country livestock. These projects started in 1925 and continued with imports in 1937 and 1947. Cattle breeding activities in Turkey were carried out with Brown Swiss and Simmental breeds brought from abroad. In this regard, the Karacabey farm was chosen as the centre and with the breeds bring to the region have been tried to increase the yields of the animals of the region and country. This was followed in 1986 by imports of 300,000 pregnant heifers from the Holstein breed as the largest foreign purchase. As a result, importing animals from abroad has become a state policy. In recent years, many private enterprises continue to import animals. In this study, which aims to show the principles and the manner of implementation of this application within a plan, this procedure will not explain whether this issue is right or wrong but will explain the procedure to bring for private enterprises with special permission from abroad of breeding animals.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION OF THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDERS IN THE EDIBLE OIL INDUSTRY OF KARACHI
Authors: SALMAN AHMED  , DR. MUHAMMAD ASIM  , SALMAN MANZOOR
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Logistics plays an important role in integrating the supply chain of industries. But given the volatility and dynamic nature of supply chain management as a field, the factors that need to be considered when choosing a 3PL can vary based on geographic location, type of industry, nature of the product and so on. Therefore, this study aims to identify which factors impact 3PL Service Provider selection the most in the edible oil industry specifically based in Karachi.

Design: The study describes and the theory of core competencies and how these competencies are used in the selection process of 3PL Service Providers. A survey was carried out through questionnaires to determine which competencies are best suited to choosing a 3PL Service Provider in the edible oil industry.

Findings: The findings showed the Selection of 3PL Provider was most significantly impacted by two of the five variables Cost of Service and Operational Performance. Financial Performance showed a weak relationship while the last two variables were proven to have little or no relationship with the independent variable.

Originality and Value: The study will help the supply chain professionals of the edible oil companies focus on certain factors while outsourcing their work most importantly selecting a 3PL service provider.
A Comparative Study of the Foreign Students’ Perceptions Regarding Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Classes in a Liberal Arts Writing Course
Authors: Oh Sunkyung , Lee Ahreum , Yu Minae , Park Jung-eun , Jang Mijung
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to find more effective ways to conduct online classes by comparing the foreign students’ perceptions regarding synchronous and asynchronous classes in a liberal arts writing course. While asynchronous online writing classes ran in the first semester, synchronous classes ran in the second semester of 2020 at A university. The survey of satisfaction, which included the perceptions of the foreign students, was given to students studying Korean at the intermediate and advanced levels after each semester. As a result of this survey, we learned that the difference in the style of the student’s online classes did not affect their perception of the teaching contents, nor their perception of their instructors. However, students perceived synchronous classes more positively than asynchronous classes. In particular, there was a significant difference when it came to interactions. For instance, the advanced students were more positive about the synchronous classes regarding their concentration levels, their “sense of presence,” and their overall understanding of their instructor’s feedback. However, both levels of students were positive about the asynchronous classes when it came to their management of the learning process. Through this study, we confirmed that the synchronous class is suitable for liberal arts writing courses, which implement writing practice and feedback. However, additional materials, such as prerecorded lectures, should be provided according to the students’ Korean level and other considerations.
A Study on the Possibility of Liberal Theatre Class Employing Documentary Theatre Focusing on Die Ermittlung and The Acting Motivation
Authors: Jang Youngji
Published: September 2021

Documentary theatre is not only notable for its trends among contemporary theatre, but also for its various characteristics, many of which can connect learners' lives and society, as well as draw upon their critical cognition and convergent thinking skills. This article notes the educational implications found in documentary theatre, and discusses the possibility of liberal theatre courses employing documentary theatre. Classes like this convey knowledge of the theatre and is attempts to learn through it. In addition, various practical activities can be carried out by utilizing the convergence properties of the theatre, and from these activities learners can experience something quite aesthetic in nature that they otherwise might have missed. In this sense, this paper focuses on Die Ermittlung and The Acting Motivation. In traditional documentary theatre, Die Ermittlung, which deals with social issues, can provide an opportunity to critically recognize social problems. On the other hand, from the auto-documentary theatre we have The Acting Motivation, which expands the concept of documentary theatre that was previously discussed, and also reflects on the lives of young people and the society they must relate to. Not only can learners acquire knowledge of the theatre, but they can also reflect on society and themselves through its productions. In addition, the step-by-step activities attempted in conjunction with this class aim at helping students solve problems, and to express themselves using a theatrical-based imagination. The purpose of the final step of the program--the appreciation and reflection process--is to integrate learning with individual experiences, and to further find new questions. Through these discussions, the possibility of using documentary theatre as a practical model for convergence education and another class models is presented.
Legacies of the Yale Report of 1828 in Liberal Education
Authors: Hong Seok Min
Published: September 2021

The Yale Report was published in 1828 as a response to the rapid geographic, economic, and educational expansion in early, nineteenth-century America. The Report defined the purpose of collegiate liberal education as one that should ‘lay the foundation of superior education.’ According to the Report, this was to be best achieved by disciplining and grounding the mind on the faculty of psychology. In this process, the Report left both positive and negative legacies which have had long-term impacts on liberal education. The Report defined liberal education as one that provides general basic theories and principles. In addition, by stressing the importance of a ‘thorough education,’ the Report not only laid the basis for general education in later centuries, but also distinguished liberal education from professional, or vocational education, and the role and function of colleges accordingly. Moreover, the Report made a distinction between undergraduate and graduate studies. However, this distinction made it possible for liberal education to be downgraded into basic education for the study of concentrations. Meanwhile, the overemphasis on universal mental faculties which is content-neutral made it possible for non-liberal disciplines to be included within the curriculum of liberal education, which in turn would lower the status of liberal education. In addition, teacher-centered faculty psychology enabled the college as the guardian who took the parental responsibilities to enforce prescribed curriculum on their students. Moreover, faculty psychology also enabled liberal education to accommodate the new entrepreneurial and business demands of a rapidly changing society and thereby opened a way for neo-republicanism to be realized in America at that time. However, ironically, the discipline of the mind which was originally a tool and a skill for liberal education became its purpose since the notion of mental faculties was content-free as well as value-free. As a result, liberal education lacked virtues, values, moral⋅ethical ends, and public good. This undesirable phenomenon would give a grave lesson to the liberal education in current Korea enthralled by the notion of ‘core competencies.’
A Systematic Review of Self-leadership Related Research Trends in Korea －Focusing on Education Field
Authors: Hwang Soonhee
Published: September 2021

According to the rapidly changing social structure and the characteristics of the times, the paradigm has changed from leadership to ‘self-leadership’. In existing organizations and teams, if leaders exert influence on team members to achieve organizational goals and improve performance, those members now have more opportunities to make decisions and to solve complex problems by themselves. Indeed, in recent years much attention has been paid to self-leadership. Not surprisingly then, there has been a good deal of domestic research on self-leadership, especially in the field of nursing. However, to date there is no research analyzing previous related research into the field of education. This study aims to analyze the research trends of self-leadership with a focus on domestic research in the education field, and to suggest implications for future research. For this purpose, 191 domestic research papers (academic articles published since 2005) were collected using the Academic Research Information Service and the National Assembly Library Search Service. All 191 research papers have been reviewed and classified according to analytical criteria, such as year of publication, research method, research field, research subjects and related variables. Our findings show that firstly, related research on self-leadership has been growing since 2005. Secondly, there was more research conducted using the quantitative method compared to research that made use of other research methods. Thirdly, concerning the subjects of study, university students were studied more than other groups of elementary, middle and high school students. Fourthly, regarding the analysis results on self-leadership related factors, 84.9% of the research involved diverse correlates. Based on these findings, it is necessary to continue studying self-leadership using various research methods, as well as to examine this research from diverse perspectives. Also, suggestions were made regarding self-leadership education designed within career education with a special focus on the various characteristics of the learners, along with lifelong education, in order to improve the self-leadership curriculum.
Teaching Methods for Strengthening Authorship in College Academic Writing －A Case Study of a Social Science Writing Class
Authors: Park Hyun-Hee
Published: September 2021

College academic writing education must focus on reinforcing authorship. Authorship means that one's identity as an author is reflected throughout the text. Authorship also refers to the identity of a subject who produces knowledge through a dynamic process. However, this process requires the author to actively participate in academic dialogues with other scholars, rather than simply act as a passive recipient of knowledge and discourse in the academic community. This is particularly true when it comes to academic writing. This study presents educational guidelines on how to strengthen authorship based on communication in the academic community. It further explores specific teaching methods by examining several instructive teaching samples. We propose an explicit and specific authorship-enhancing teaching method that could prove particularly useful in process-oriented academic writing. Through theory-based lectures and case studies that critically review previous research as a product of the academic discourse community, we propose explicit and specific educational methods, not only to strengthen authorship among our students, but to also teach them about the certain types and characteristics of academic writing. We also provide education regarding citations and plagiarism by applying explicit theories and using examples from the authorship-enhancement perspective. This study suggests that one-on-one consultations can help students address the difficulties inherent in academic writing. Furthermore, through the process of writing education which aims at strengthening authorship among our students, we can also expect other educational effects to naturally develop as well.
A Study on the Development of  Subject for Foreign Students
Authors: Han HaLim
Published: September 2021

As competition for science and technology talent intensifies around the world, the number of foreign students entering the science and engineering classes of Korean universities is increasing day by day. Many of them also complete science and engineering writing classes in the form of essential education depending on the curriculum of the university. However, there is not much research for engineering writing in Korean language education. Thus, this study conducted a survey involving 50 foreign students in the science and engineering line regarding the development of engineering writing classes for foreign students. As a result of our study, I found that learners preferred liberal arts-level engineering writing classes, rather than Writing Across the Curriculum classes. I also showed that students of engineering writing experienced the biggest difficulties in the areas of ‘Korean language use’. Regarding the method of using online classes, ‘Blended Classes’, which combine online classes and face-to-face classes, were the most preferred. Based on these findings, this high school proposed that I develop engineering writing subjects using online classes. I also presented engineering writing class modules centered on real-life and problem solving.
Dezvoltarea gândirii laterale a elevilor – o necesitate a învățământului actual
Authors: Stanciu Carmen
Published: September 2021

The article examines the concept of lateral thinking, which is a necessity in current education, both to develop students' ability to think freely, encouraging them to find varied and momentary solutions in solving problem situations, to have innovative ideas, and in training them as people who will be able to integrate more easily into a society that is always changing.
Specificul colaborării familiale eficiente în relația soț-soție
Authors: Culea Uliana
Published: September 2021

The family is a social system which functions according to one’s own inner laws and for the benefits of the society, being an indispensable part of it, focusing on the social role in perceiving family life. Therefore, the family behavior can be analyzed depending on the family life cycle stages and society evolution. The changes within inner family framework focus on family interactions and on its members’ reactions to specific life events and situations.
Perceived Behavioral Control and Self-Efficacy of Overweight and Normal Weight Adults Regarding Exercise at a Health Club
Authors: Miller Wayne , Miller Todd
Published: September 2021

Only a small fraction of overweight people get enough exercise to improve health. Intimidating factors in the health club environment may cause the overweight person to have low perceived control and low self-efficacy for exercise. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) adults have toward health club exercise and what individual factors affect their perceived control and self-efficacy. Method: A 17-item survey measured perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, and behavioral intent toward exercising at a health club 30 min, twice a week, for the next month, in overweight (OW, n=1159) and normal weight (NW, n=550) adults. ANOVA, t-tests, Mann-Whitney Rank Sum, and correlation coefficients were used for analysis. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: NW adults have higher overall self-efficacy, higher overall perceived control, and higher perceived control over their ability to exercise, having what is necessary to exercise and wanting to exercise more than do OW (p<0.002). Exercise intent is related to perceived control (r=0.56) and self-efficacy (r=0.41). OW people feel least efficacious about exercising with heavy work demands or stressful life changes. Conclusions: Exercise promotions and interventions in the health club environment should provide support and skills for overcoming these barriers.
A Comparison of Computer-Assisted Instruction and Traditional Classroom Lecture to Introduce the Occupational Adaptation Theory
Authors: Galvis Angie , Ishee Jimmy , Schultz Sally
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and traditional classroom lecture (TCL). A randomized two-group pretest/posttest quasi-experimental design was used. Thirty first year students in a Master of Occupational Therapy program located in the southwestern United States were recruited. All participants were female, with a mean age of 25.8 years. Three percent of the participants rated themselves as novice concerning computer skills, 67% average computer skills, and 30% excellent computer skills. Two methods were compared for teaching the basic concepts of the Occupational Adaptation theory: lecture method in which the teacher follows a Power Point presentation, and an interactive, multimedia CD-ROM method, with the same Power Point presentation as lecture. There was no significant difference (p< .05) in baseline knowledge about the theory between the two groups. Results showed significant differences between the two groups in cognitive gains (p< 05.), with the CAI group demonstrating more cognitive gain than the TCL group. Additionally, the CAI group spent 46% less time than the TCL group to cover the material. The results of this study suggested that occupational therapy learners could independently learn theory using computer-assisted instruction materials.
A Reestruturação do Espaço Urbano em Juiz de Fora a partir de Projetos Urbanos de Grande Impacto
Authors: Tasca Luciane , Do Amaral Sabrina Ferretti
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo se insere na temática da reestruturação do espaço em cidades médias brasileiras e apresenta como principal objetivo analisar a implantação de Projetos Urbanos de relevante impacto na estrutura da cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG. Segundo perspectiva histórica, desde a década de 1970, o município vem passando por alterações significativas na sua estrutura, resultantes de sua expansão e do surgimento de novas centralidades. Destaca-se, no entanto, que desde o ano 2000, Juiz de Fora se tornou palco de Projetos Urbanos (especialmente na sua Região Sul), a partir de mudanças implementadas pela administração pública focadas no planejamento estratégico e no empresariamento urbano.  Percebe-se assim, o surgimento de um novo núcleo de atratividade num processo crescente de alteração da dinâmica urbana do município. Diante da ineficiente ação por parte do poder público local, somada à falta de políticas urbanas integradas ao planejamento espacial da cidade, este trabalho se justifica por se apresentar como um meio de explorar e debater idéias que contribuam efetivamente para a qualidade urbana da cidade.

This paper is part of the issue spatial restructuring in Brazilian average cities and has as its objective to analyze the implementation of urban projects of significant impact on the structure of Juiz de Fora, MG. According to a historical perspective, since the 1970s, the city has been undergoing significant changes in its structure, resulting from its expansion and the emergence of new centers.  Stands out, however, from the year 2000, Juiz de Fora became the scene of urban projects (deployed in its Southern Region), from the implemented changes by the government focused on the strategic planning and the urban enterprising: It is noticed, the rise of a new core attractiveness distinct from the others: excluding and in order to threaten the dynamic urban areas.  In front of the ineficcient action from the local government, together with the lack of integrated urban policies to the spatial planning of the city, this work is justified by presenting itself as a way to explore and discuss ideas that contribute effectively to the quality of the town.