bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetics of MDH in humans
Authors: Haberman Adam , Peterson Celeste N.
Published: July 2024

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) performs key roles in metabolism, but little is known about its function specifically in human health and disease. In this minireview, we describe the incomplete state of our knowledge of human MDH genetics. Humans have three MDH genes with a total of four validated isoforms. MDH1 and MDH2 are widely expressed, while MDH1B is only expressed in a small subset of tissues. Many mutations in MDH1 and MDH2 have been identified in patients, but only a few have been studied to determine what symptoms they cause. MDH1 has been associated with cancer and a neurodevelopmental disorder. MDH2 has been associated with diabetes, neurodevelopmental disorders, and cancer.
Solving diabetes diagnosis problems using machine learning
Authors: Olimboyeva Donaxon , Ziyadullaev Davron , Mukhamedieva Dilnoz , Khujamkulova Khosiyat , Teshaboyev Mukhammadyahyo , Ziyodullaeva Gulchiroy
Published: July 2024

This research is devoted to the study of the use of machine learning methods to solve the problem of diagnosing diabetes. The results of using machine learning in the context of diabetes are varied and depend on the methods of data analysis, the models used and the quality of the data provided. Experiments on the Diabetes dataset were conducted in the study using a Naive Bayes classifier model and a linear kernel SVM for a binary classification problem. Models are trained on the training dataset, standardizing features, and evaluated on the test set using confusion, precision, recall, F1-measure, and AUC-ROC metrics. The results obtained confirm that machine learning can improve the accuracy of diagnosing diabetes and classifying its type. This allows for customized treatment plans to be developed, considering the unique characteristics of each patient. Machine learning models are also successful in predicting the likelihood of complications, allowing for preventative measures to be taken. Their use facilitates the integration of data from various sources, enriching patient information. In conclusion, machine learning-based decision support systems assist physicians and patients in making informed decisions.
Current state of horse embryo transfer technology in Russia and factors influencing its effectiveness
Authors: Kalashnikov Valery , Solodova Elena , Lebedeva Lyudmila
Published: July 2024

The article presents data on activity in the field of embryo transfer in the Russian horse breeding system and analyzes of the factors influencing the success of the use of this technology. The results of Russian reproductive specialists work over the past 15 years have been collected (144 procedures of embryo recovery in 52 mares). The influence of age and degree of synchronization of ovulations between donors and recipients on the level of embryo recovery and survival rates was analyzed. It has been established that the highest embryo recovery rate is observed in mares of 2- 10 years old (yo) - 84.6%. In mares of 11-16 yo, this figure decreased to 64.3% (p˂ 0.05), and for 17-24 yo mares - to 42.8% (p˂ 0.001). The survival rate of embryos in the uterus of recipient mares of 3-14 yo remains at 70- 71%, in mares of 15-20 yo it sharply decreased to 42.8%. It has been shown that embryo transfer to a recipient whose ovulation occurred 1 day earlier or within a period of up to 5 days after the donor's ovulation provides a survival rate of 79% until the 35th day of pregnancy. When the recipient ovulation occurs 2-4 days earlier than the donor ovulation, the result of embryo transfer was dramatically reduced (7 ,7±7,4%, p˂0.001).
Crude oil sorbent based on cellulose nanofibrils-methacrylate grafted copolymers
Authors: Grechishcheva Natalya , Grishina Irina , Kuchierskaya Alexandra , Panchenko Andrey , Kopitsyn Dmitry , Lyubimenko Valentina , Novikov Andrey , Vinokurov Vladimir
Published: July 2024

Hydrophobic composites of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with acrylic polymers are obtained by methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) polymerization in Pickering emulsion, stabilized with cellulose nanofibrils. Successful modification of CNF surface by grafting MMA or BMA was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained composites were also characterized by simultaneous thermal analysis and wetting contact angle measurement. Composites based on CNF exhibit good thermal and oil sorption properties.
Improvement of lifetime and post-mortem diagnostics of trichinellosis in animals of the Suidae family (comparative study)
Authors: Chasovskikh Olga , Zhdanova Olga , Martusevich Andrew , Uspensky Aleksandr , Meshandin Alexey
Published: July 2024

Trichinosis is one of the most dangerous helminthozoonoses. Methods of compressor trichinelloscopy and peptolysis of animal muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice used for postmortem diagnosis of trichinosis are reliable enough to identify sources of infection and prevent the development of helminthiasis in humans. In addition to these methods, indirect solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and crystalloscopy were used. Meat juice samples obtained from domestic pigs from various regions of the Russian Federation and wild boars were used as the tested biological material. The formulation of ELISA and crystalloscopy, accounting and interpretation of the results obtained were carried out according to the classical method: the result was considered positive, exceeding the negative control by 0.08 units or more in optical density. The specificity of ELISA in all animals with heterologous invasion was 98%, hydrosol-hydrogel reactions - 80% and crystalloscopy - 75%. These methods can be used for testing for trichinosis, but the examination should be comprehensive: immunological and crystallographic methods should be confirmed by compressor trichinelloscopy and peptolysis using artificial gastric juice. Currently, in the system of veterinary and sanitary measures for trichinosis, there is a change in the structure of the sources of invasion. The probability of human infection with hunting products is higher than when eating pork obtained from meat processing enterprises. Therefore, field trichinelloscopic control in the field (CT, HH etc.) occupies a leading place in diagnostics. Thus, the development of portable equipment for veterinary examination and the training of hunters in basic trichinelloscopy skills, as well as the improvement of the formulation and accounting of crystalloscopy and НН are becoming extremely relevant.
Drift of antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens of the Moraxella group
Authors: Pimenov Nikolai , Aiginin Arseniy , Evteev Nikita , Ivannikova Regina , Muhammad Zahra
Published: July 2024

The multiple resistance of bacteria to antibiotics leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment methods for bacterial diseases, an increase in morbidity and mortality and, in some cases, to prolonged bacterial transmission. In this regard, the search for new antimicrobial agents and the need to improve veterinary approaches in therapeutic and preventive work with bacterioses is currently a priority task. The study is devoted to the assessment of antibiotic resistance in zoopathogenic moraxella pathogens of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. The article analyzes the drug resistance of topical epizootic strains of Moraxella bovis and M. bovoculi. It was found that since the 1982 study and ending with the own results obtained at the present time, there has been a noticeable increase in the resistance of M. bovis and M. bovoculi to antibiotics. However, a still high level of sensitivity in moraxella is detected for antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin groups, as well as for ampicillin and benzylpenicillin, the studied bacteria were the most sensitive despite the fact that resistance was recorded for oxacillin and methicillin from the same group.
Microbiological preparations based on strains of associative bacteria in the cultivation of spring wheat in Central Yakutia
Authors: Yakovleva M.T. , Osipova V.V.
Published: July 2024

The studies were conducted in Central Yakutia on permafrost taiga-pale-yellow soils with a low humus content from 2016 to 2020. The use of biological products of associative bacteria is an environmentally friendly way to increase crop yields and improve soil fertility. The effect of pre-sowing inoculation of spring wheat seeds with various biological preparations of associative bacteria: Rhizoagrin, Mobilin, Mizorin was studied. The responsiveness of the culture to the use of biological preparations was noted: inoculation of seeds contributed to the formation of grain yield of spring wheat. In the experimental variants, a significant increase in the yield of spring wheat grain was noted — on average up to 1.6 t/ha in the variant using the preparation Mizorin. Pre-sowing inoculation of spring wheat seeds contributed to increased plant growth in height (up to 14%), an increase in the amount of grain (up to 16%), as well as an increase in the mass of roots (up to 35%), leaves (up to 60%), inflorescences (up to 24%), straw (up to 48%). The use of the studied biopreparations based on strains of associative bacteria had a positive effect on both the growth and development of plants and an increase in the yield of spring wheat grain.
Effect of different levels of serum lead concentrations on weight growth and hematological parameters of aberdeen angus bull calves
Authors: Zavyalov O.A. , Medetov E.S.
Published: July 2024

The studies were performed on physiologically healthy Aberdeen Angus bulls. Animals based on data on the content of lead in blood serum, by percentile method, were divided into three groups: group I – up to the 25th percentile; group II – within the limits of 25-75 percentiles; group III – above the 75th percentile. The estimated parameters are: the elemental composition of blood, morphological and biochemical compositions of blood, the antioxidant status of blood serum. It was found that in terms of the average daily gains over the two-month period preceding sampling, bulls of groups II and III were inferior to individuals from group I by 3.8 and 11.3% (P≤0.05), respectively. The blood serum of group I bulls contained more Ca, Zn, Se, while minimal Cd concentrations were noted. In bulls with a minimum concentration of lead, an increased content of total protein, uric acid, monocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin in the blood was noted. As the concentration of lead increased from minimum to maximum, the activity of the enzymes of primary antioxidant protection – superoxide dismutase and catalase - decreased, against the background of an increase in the level of malonyldialdehyde.
The role of big data in advancing precision agriculture and ensuring food security
Authors: Chen Janyang , Begicheva Svetlana , Nazarov Dmitry
Published: July 2024

The advent of big data analytics is revolutionizing the agro-industrial complex, particularly in the realm of precision agriculture. This article explores how big data technologies are advancing precision farming practices and contributing to global food security. By integrating data from diverse sources such as satellite imagery, weather stations, soil sensors, and farm management systems, big data analytics enables farmers to make informed decisions that optimize resource use, enhance crop yields, and reduce environmental impact. This study examines key applications of big data in precision agriculture, including predictive modeling for crop health, real-time monitoring of soil conditions, and data-driven pest management strategies. Furthermore, it discusses the socio-economic benefits of big data adoption, such as increased efficiency, cost savings, and improved resilience against climate variability. Case studies from various regions highlight successful implementations and the resulting improvements in agricultural productivity and sustainability. The findings underscore the critical role of big data in transforming agricultural practices and ensuring food security in the face of growing global challenges. By leveraging the power of big data, the agro-industrial complex can achieve a more sustainable and secure future, addressing the needs of a rapidly expanding population.
Prognostic value of cancer markers in ovarian endometriosis in women of reproductive age
Authors: Oripova Feruza
Published: July 2024

The article contains fragments of a scientific study aimed at developing prognostic criteria for uterine leiomyoma, the authors studied cancer markers in women of reproductive age. Early diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma contributes to effective conservative and organ-preserving treatment of this disease.
Results of the study of the influence of viral liver damage in white rats under experimental conditions on liver tissue (trichrome Masson and immunohistochemistry marker cd68)
Authors: Muslima Abdullaeva , Dilrabo Xalimova
Published: July 2024

This article is supposed to determine the level of activity of viral (including SARS-CoV-2) damage to the liver tissue and the stage of liver fibrosis resulting from experimental viral damage to the liver. A viral lesion (including SARS-CoV-2) was also detected in the liver tissue, as a result of which the expression of the CD 68 marker in the liver tissue of normal and experimentally infected liver tissue was determined.
Comparative analysis of cognitive function at vascular complications of migraine. Diagnosis and clinical approach
Authors: Sanoeva Matlyuba , Munisakhon Gulova
Published: July 2024

Migraine affects 11-15% of the adult population, frequent and prolonged migraine attacks, untimely correction, the absence of preventive measures can form vascular complications with the development of cognitive dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to study and analyze cognitive function in various variants of the course of complicated migraines in a comparative aspect. We studied 378 (100%) patients with various options for the course of migraine. Of these, 78 (20.6%) examined with migraine status, 82 (21.7%) with chronic migraine, 52 (13.8%) with migraine strokes, 87 (23.0%) chemoprophylaxis with migraine, considered as the main group, and the comparative group included 79 (20.9%) patients with uncomplicated migraine. The study demonstrate that cognitive dysfunction complicated by migraine develops due to cerebral vascular reactions modelled on vasodilation / vasoconstriction against the background of migraine attacks that cause hypoxia and then local ischemia with the formation of encephalomalacia in “strategic areas” and can be considered as a predisposition of patients with migraine to vascular dementia.
Structural and functional features of immune system cells in the dynamics of experimental temperature exposure
Authors: Davronova Shaxnoza , Davronov Rakhmon , Bakhronov Jurat
Published: July 2024

The body's immune response to temperature exposure is a complex multi-stage process that is controlled by a variety of reactions developing at various levels of the body. The relationship of individual cell types is the most important link in the immune regulatory mechanism. The structural changes occurring in the organs of immunity under thermal exposure are in principle identical, but the involvement of one or another organ in the process depends on the activity and strength of temperature.
Study of the antitumor effect of the monoclonal antibody 8D1 against the membrane-associated heat shock protein Hsp70 in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Burtseva Anastasia , Zhakhov Aleksandr , Protasov Evgeniy , Shevtsov Maxim , Gorbunov Nikolay , Ischenko Aleksandr
Published: July 2024

It is known that the 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) is localized on the membranes of cancer cells and can serve as a target for tumor theranostics. When developing new generation drugs, priority is given to drugs for "targeted" therapy. The most interesting and promising objects in this area of pharmacology are therapeutic antibodies that directly interact with the pathogen molecule, neutralizing its effects. The present study investigated the antitumor activity of the 8D1 monoclonal antibody, specific to the membrane-associated form of Hsp70, in an in vivo model of mouse myeloma Sp2/0. It was shown that the introduction of the antibody increased the expected lifespan of animals by approximately 20% compared to the control group. The possibility of enhancing the action of the 8D1 antibody has been demonstrated on an in vitro model of suppressing the viability of human lung carcinoma cell line A549 using a conjugate of this antibody with doxorubicin.
Correlation analysis of clinical and dynamic features of psychopathological conditions of patients in a multidisciplinary hospital
Authors: Jarilkasinova Gaukhar , Mukhamadiyeva Nigina
Published: July 2024

A significant increase in the number of mentally ill people in general somatic institutions indicates the relevance of creating a system of integrated specialized care for these populations. Despite the established high prevalence of psychopathology in general medical practice, underdiagnosis of such conditions still persists. The difficulty of identifying erased or subclinical forms of psychopathology for a somatic network specialist determines the difficulty of identifying and treating such patients with various somatic symptoms. A significant increase in the number of mentally ill people in general somatic institutions indicates the relevance of creating a system of integrated specialized care for these populations.
Temperature dependence of LiTaO3 refractive index: Corrections of Sellmeier equation
Authors: Mohand Ousaid Safia , Chang Kai H. , Peng Lung H. , Boudrioua Azzedine
Published: July 2024

We report a new and more precise Sellmeier equation obtained by using the analysis of quasi-phase-matching curves of the optical parametric generation (OPG) in 1D periodically poled LiTaO3 (1D-PPLT) of different grating periods.
Design approach for an advanced multi-channel pyrometer for bulk oven processes
Authors: Fritzsche Rune , Kaiser Clemens F. , Herdrich Georg
Published: July 2024

Industrial processes such as smelting and sintering require stable and precise temperature control of furnaces. To achieve this, accurate temperature measurements are required. Pyrometry allows for contactless measurement of bulk materials and is particularly suitable for high temperature applications. One of the main influences on the accuracy of pyrometric measurements is the knowledge of the emissivity in the spectral measurement range. To reduce this dependence, two-color pyrometers or multi-color pyrometers can be used. With this in mind, the Institute of Space Systems (IRS) is further developing their existing pyrometer technology by designing an advanced multi-channel pyrometer for bulk oven processes in a joint venture with Stange Elektronik GmbH and New Generation Kilns Grün GmbH. The design approach is explained here and the considered methods of achieving emissivity independent temperature measurements are examined.
Navigating the Future of Organisational Health Services
Research in Germany and beyond: a Position Paper
Authors: Ansmann Lena , Nöst Stefan , Körner Mirjam , Auschra Carolin , Bal Roland , Böddeker Marina , Bode Ingo , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Breidenbach Clara , Coors Marie , Demirer Ibrahim , Exworthy Mark , Harst Lorenz , Heuser Christian , Hoffmann Julia , Köberlein-Neu Juliane , Krajic Karl , Maniatopoulos Gregory , Mannion Russell , Möhler Ralph , Pfaff Holger , Rieger Monika A , Rind Esther , Helge Schnack M. A. , Anke Wagner M. A. , Weigl Matthias , Wensing Michel , Wiig Siri , Wild Eva , Wilhelm Hendrik , Wirtz Markus , Götz Katja
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Jüngste Analysen zeigen, dass Versorgungsorganisationen in der
Versorgungsforschung in Deutschland häufig in erster Linie als Studiensetting
betrachtet werden, ohne deren komplexen organisationalen Charakter in vollem
Umfang zu berücksichtigen, weder theoretisch noch methodisch. Daher wurde eine
Initiative gestartet, um den Stand der organisationsbezogenen
Versorgungsforschung (OVF) in Deutschland zu analysieren und einen strategischen
Rahmen und eine Roadmap zu entwickeln, die zukünftige Bemühungen in diesem
Bereich leiten können. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst Positionen zusammen, die
von wissenschaftlichen Expert*innen aus verschiedenen Disziplinen und Ländern
gemeinsam entwickelt wurden.

Methoden Im Juli 2023 wurde ein dreitägiger Scoping-Workshop mit 32
(inter)nationalen Expert*innen aus verschiedenen Forschungsbereichen mit Bezug
zu OVF-Themen unter Nutzung interaktiver Workshop-Methoden durchgeführt. Die
Teilnehmenden diskutierten ihre Perspektiven auf OVF, analysierten aktuelle
Herausforderungen in der OVF in Deutschland und entwickelten zentrale Positionen
für die Entwicklung des Forschungsbereichs.

Ergebnisse Die sieben zentralen Positionen betrafen sowohl konzeptuelle
als auch strategische Aspekte. Die Weiterentwicklung von OVF erfordert die
Entwicklung einer Forschungsagenda, die zukünftige Bemühungen leiten kann. Auf
konzeptueller Ebene müssen Herausforderungen in Bezug auf Interdisziplinarität,
Terminologie, Organisation(en) als Forschungsgegenstand, international
vergleichende Forschung und die Nutzung von Organisationstheorie adressiert
werden. Auf strategischer Ebene wurden Anforderungen an die Lehre, die Förderung
der interdisziplinären und internationalen Zusammenarbeit, geeignete
Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten und partizipative Forschung identifiziert.

Schlussfolgerung Das Positionspapier soll als Rahmen zur Unterstützung der
weiteren Entwicklung der OVF in Deutschland und als Leitfaden für Forscher*innen
und Förderorganisationen dienen, die die OVF voranbringen möchten. Einige der
für die deutsche OVF diskutierten Herausforderungen existieren auch in anderen
Ländern. Daher kann dieses Positionspapier genutzt werden, um fruchtbare
Diskussionen in anderen Ländern zu initiieren.
Unveiling the Impact of Three-Dimensional Technology on Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Werathammo Methini , Seresirikachorn Kachorn , Charoenlux Prapitphan
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of three-dimensional (3D) technology on preoperative evaluation for rhinoplasty.

A systematic search was conducted on Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Studies that utilized 3D technology in preoperative assessment for rhinoplasty were included. The primary outcome was surgeon and patient satisfaction. The secondary outcomes included nasal function, cost-efficiency, reoperation rate, precision, and surgical time.

Twelve studies (595 patients) were included. Surgeons reported higher satisfaction with 3D approaches based on precision and postoperative results. Patients expressed satisfaction with the 3D approaches due to a better understanding of the procedure and the ability to discuss with the surgeons planning the procedure and participating in postoperative design. The 3D approaches demonstrated higher surgeon satisfaction (mean difference −0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.20 to −0.06, p = 0.0002), particularly in revision cases, and provided higher precision compared with the two-dimensional (2D) approaches. However, 3D technology was more expensive and not cost-efficient. There were no significant differences in reoperation rate (odds ratio 0.16, 95% CI 0.02–1.36, p = 0.09) and surgical time. Postoperative nasal function showed inconsistent results.

3D technology offered higher surgeon satisfaction and increased precision compared with 2D imaging. However, 3D imaging was expensive and not cost-efficient. Reoperation rate and surgical time were comparable, while postoperative nasal function outcomes showed inconsistent results.
Synthesis of Diarylpyrrole Pseudo-Natural Products: Cyanide-Mediated Nitrile-to-Nitrile Cyclocondensation and C–H Acidity-Guided Regioselectivity
Authors: Singha Debanjan , Kundu Tanmay , Acharya Ayan , Guchhait Sankar K.
Published: July 2024

Pseudo-natural products (pseudo-NPs), the chemically reengineered molecular skeletons generated by the deconstruction of NPs into fragments and their subsequent recombination, have gained immense attention in recent times owing to their ability to occupy a significant portion of the medicinally relevant NP-based molecular space, their possession of novel bioactivities, and their ability to address chemical and biological challenges. In this study, the reassembly of fragments of combretastatin, steganacin, podophyllotoxin, colchicine, and other natural products and drug molecules by a cis-lock fusion-edge recombination led to the generation of diarylpyrrole pseudo-NP-functionalized skeletons, named combretapyrroles. These combretapyrroles were synthesized with excellent substrate scope in good yields by a new cyanide-mediated nitrile-to-nitrile cycloaddition reaction of a vic-dinitrile combined with 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine-mediated desilylative cleavage of TMSCN and in situ generation of cyanide. The differential acidity of the benzylic C–H moieties of the vic-dinitrile intermediate was found to influence regioselectivity in the mechanistic pathway and to provide different products. A cheminformatic analysis showed that the combretapyrroles occupy a unique drug-relevant chemical space that is rarely covered by NPs. Combretapyrroles also were found to possess drug-like physicochemical properties.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum in a Fetus at 22 Weeks: Role of MRI Based Scoring and MR Tractography in Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Ghonge Nitin P.
Published: July 2024

A 32 year old woman at 22 weeks gestation underwent fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after an ultrasound detected corpus callosum agenesis. MRI confirmed complete agenesis and showed an enlarged left temporal lobe, moderate ventriculomegaly, and abnormal hippocampal orientation. The fetal MRI scoring system indicated a poor prognosis. MR tractography revealed abnormal neuronal connections. Parents were counseled and the pregnancy was terminated due to poor prognosis. This case highlights the value of fetal MRI and tractography in assessing agenesis of the corpus callosum and guiding clinical decisions.
The evolution of cultural diversity in Pama-Nyungan Australia
Authors: Learmouth Duncan , Layton Robert. H. , Tehrani Jamshid. J.
Published: July 2024

Explaining the processes that produce cultural diversity has long been a focus of anthropological study. Whilst linguistic diversity has frequently been shown to be associated with population splitting during migrations, much less is known about the influence of migration patterns on other forms of culture. Here we compare variation between different cultural types to understand whether their diversity might also be a consequence of historic population change. For our case study, we developed a dataset of 90 cultural traits recorded across around 100 societies in Pama-Nyungan Australia focusing on three cultural forms important in Australian life: adolescent initiation, mortuary practice and rock art motifs. Trait diversity was analysed using phylogenetic methods and compared with language diversity since previous studies have suggested an association between Pama-Nyungan language evolution and population dispersal. We were able to demonstrate a strong association between the phylogenetic history of language and initiation ritual but not between language and mortuary ritual or rock motifs. The finding suggests population migration may have had a significant influence on initiation ritual diversity. It also lends support to the idea, as suggested by some authors, that the development of complex initiation practices may have played an active role in the dispersal of Pama-Nyungan speakers throughout the Australian continent. Our study results suggest that the type of phylogenetic comparative approach applied here can make an important contribution to the reconstruction of deep cultural history over long timescales.
Flame synthesis of nanoparticles based on high flux electrostatic atomization burner
Authors: Chang Mengzhao , Luo Shengfeng , Li Lun’ang , Liu Chen , Xie Qiang , Deng Weiwei , Park Suhan , Zhou Bo
Published: July 2024

This study presents an innovative electrostatic spray flame synthesis (ESFS) reactor that combines the advantages of electrostatic spray and flame synthesis for precise spray control and efficient single-step continuous synthesis. To overcome the limitations of conventional ESFS systems, which often suffer from low atomized precursor flux, we successfully demonstrated a high-flux disk electrostatic atomizer coupled low-swirl flame reactor, achieving a precursor flux of up to 30 ml/h about 30 times higher than that of typical ESFS devices. The atomized precursor being rapidly carried away from the burner is undergoing high-temperature pyrolysis and particle formation through lifted premixed turbulent flames. The ESFS system provides extensive control over parameters such as flame temperature, equivalence ratio, residence time, initial droplet sizes, and precursor concentrations. For illustrative purposes, the ESFS system was utilized to synthesize silica nanoparticles, demonstrating the capability of synthesizing nanoparticles with various properties. By manipulating the collection position and height, the particle size has made a substantial leap from the nanoscale to the micrometer level. This remarkable achievement underscores the system’s enormous potential for precise particle size regulation and one-step synthesis of complex structured thin films.
High-bandwidth low-current measurement system for automated and scalable probing of tunnel junctions in liquids
Authors: Raja Shyamprasad N. , Jain Saumey , Kipen Javier , Jaldén Joakim , Stemme Göran , Herland Anna , Niklaus Frank
Published: July 2024

Tunnel junctions have long been used to immobilize and study the electronic transport properties of single molecules. The sensitivity of tunneling currents to entities in the tunneling gap has generated interest in developing electronic biosensors with single molecule resolution. Tunnel junctions can, for example, be used for sensing bound or unbound DNA, RNA, amino acids, and proteins in liquids. However, manufacturing technologies for on-chip integrated arrays of tunnel junction sensors are still in their infancy, and scalable measurement strategies that allow the measurement of large numbers of tunneling junctions are required to facilitate progress. Here, we describe an experimental setup to perform scalable, high-bandwidth (>10 kHz) measurements of low currents (pA–nA) in arrays of on-chip integrated tunnel junctions immersed in various liquid media. Leveraging a commercially available compact 100 kHz bandwidth low-current measurement instrument, we developed a custom two-terminal probe on which the amplifier is directly mounted to decrease parasitic probe capacitances to sub-pF levels. We also integrated a motorized three-axis stage, which could be powered down using software control, inside the Faraday cage of the setup. This enabled automated data acquisition on arrays of tunnel junctions without worsening the noise floor despite being inside the Faraday cage. A deliberately positioned air gap in the fluidic path ensured liquid perfusion to the chip from outside the Faraday cage without coupling in additional noise. We demonstrate the performance of our setup using rapid current switching observed in electromigrated gold tunnel junctions immersed in deionized water.
Theoretical study of electronic structures, magnetic properties, and ultrafast spin manipulation in transition metal adsorbed polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon molecules
Authors: Xie Menglin , Ma Shangjie , Li Weiqi , Song Jie , Jiang Yongyuan , Jing Yuhang , Li Chun , Lefkidis Georgios , Hübner Wolfgang , Jin Wei
Published: July 2024

We present a first-principles study of the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of TM(PAH)0/+ (TM = Fe, Co, Ni; PAH = C10H8, C16H10, C24H12, C32H14) complexes and explore the laser-induced spin dynamics as well as their stability with respect to various laser parameters. For each complex, the most stable configuration shows that the TM atom prefers to adsorb at the hollow site of the carbon ring with a slight deviation from the center. The electronic structure and spin localization of the complexes are found to be largely affected by the TM type. Driven by various laser pulses, spin-crossover scenarios are achieved in all structures, while spin-transfer between TM and PAH is achieved in Ni(C10H8), Ni(C16H10), and Ni(C24H12). The influence of the laser energy and chirp on the dynamics is also investigated, providing important information regarding the stability and sensitivity of the dynamical process. All results are believed to reveal the physics nature of the TM–PAH systems, to guide the experimental realization of their ultrafast spin dynamics and thus to promote their applications in future spintronics.
Observation of zero-transmission dip in a single-layer electric metamaterial with finite non-radiative loss
Authors: Tamayama Yasuhiro , Hoshino Tomohiro
Published: July 2024

We propose a theory for realizing a zero-transmission dip in the transmission spectrum of a reflectionless single-layer metamaterial designed based on the Brewster effect by variably controlling the radiative loss of the metamaterial in response to the non-radiative loss. The radiative loss can be controlled while maintaining broadband zero reflection by varying the relationship between the orientation of the constituent meta-atoms and the incident electromagnetic fields. As a verification of the proposed theory, we design a reflectionless metamaterial by arranging meta-atoms that exhibit a simple electric dipole resonance in a two-dimensional lattice. The numerically calculated and experimentally measured transmission spectra of this metamaterial demonstrate that the radiative loss can be controlled by changing the arrangement of the meta-atoms without altering their structure, and that a zero-transmission dip can be observed for a certain arrangement of the meta-atoms. This study could lead to the development of material sensing, especially for lossy materials based on resonant metamaterials.
Incorporation strategy for organic dyes into gold nanoparticle supercrystals
Authors: Kesarwani S. , Juergensen S. , Staechelin Y. U. , Reich S. , Schulz F. , Lange H.
Published: July 2024

Ordered arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles, supercrystals can lead to the formation of plasmon-polaritons. Coupling light emitters with plasmon polaritons might allow the formation of exciton–plasmon polaritons with properties tuneable by the supercrystal design. To construct such optically active materials, the inclusion of emitters is imperative. The addition of organic dyes without affecting the periodic order of the nanocrystals is difficult, as post-formation protocols might dissolve the supercrystals, and pre-formation addition might affect the self-assembly process. Here, we present an exemplary strategy to functionalize gold nanoparticles prior to self-assembly with a cyanine isothiocyanate dye that was obtained by a straightforward reaction of the amine functionalized dye with carbon disulfide. In the second step, the nanoparticles are functionalized with a thiol-terminated polystyrene, which stabilizes the nanoparticles and governs the self-assembly process. The dye can be integrated in a quantitative fashion, and the nanoparticles can be self-assembled into supercrystals. The strategy should be applicable in general for amine functionalized dyes, which is a common modification.
Influence of Xe+ and Ga+ milling species on the cathodoluminescence of wurtzite and zincblende GaN
Authors: Loeto K. , Fairclough S. M. , Griffiths I. , Kusch G. , Ghosh S. , Kappers M. J. , Young N. , Oliver R. A.
Published: July 2024

III-nitride materials, such as GaN and its alloys, are essential for modern microelectronics and optoelectronics due to their unique properties. Focused ion beam (FIB) techniques play a crucial role in their prototyping and characterization at the micro- and nanoscale. However, conventional FIB milling with Ga ions presents challenges, including surface amorphization and point defect introduction, prompting the exploration of alternative ion sources. Xenon-based inductively coupled plasma or plasma FIB has emerged as a promising alternative, offering reduced damage and better sample property preservation. Despite extensive research on FIB-induced damage in GaN, systematic comparisons between Ga and Xe ion milling on the luminescence characteristics of GaN remain limited. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating and comparing the extent of FIB-induced damage caused by Ga and Xe ions in wurtzite and zincblende GaN through cathodoluminescence measurements. Our findings indicate that Xe ion milling yields higher integrated intensities compared to Ga ion milling, attributed to shallower implantation depths and reduced lattice disorder. We also observe a decrease in integrated intensity with increasing ion beam acceleration voltage for both wurtzite and zincblende GaN layers. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing FIB-based sample preparation techniques for III-nitride materials, with implications for enhancing device performance and reliability.
Unsteady numerical simulation of wind turbine with bio-inspired wing-tip modification
Authors: RahnamayBahambary K. , Komrakova A. E. , Fleck B. A.
Published: July 2024

This study evaluates the effects of a novel winglet design on the aerodynamics of the 10 MW Denmark Technical University wind turbine. The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) and the detached eddy simulation (DES) are used to numerically simulate the physics of both the baseline turbine (i.e., no winglet included) and a wingletted turbine under the rated operating condition. The results show that the addition of the winglet alters both the structure of the wing-tip vortex and the vorticity distribution in the wake, leading to lower levels of average vorticity. Moreover, the wingletted wind turbine increases the torque of the turbine by 6.3% while only increasing the drag by 2.5%. Although the URANS formulation performs well at calculating the power and force distribution at the turbine, it falls short of providing an accurate description of the flow field of the wake, failing to calculate the unsteady scales captured by the DES model.
Optimization framework for multi-fidelity surrogate model based on adaptive addition strategy—A case study of self-excited oscillation cavity
Authors: Nie Songlin , Li Mingshuai , Nie Shuang , Ji Hui , Hong Ruidong , Yin Fanglong
Published: July 2024

This study proposes a multi-fidelity efficient global optimization framework for the structural optimization of self-excited oscillation cavity. To construct a high-precision multi-fidelity surrogate model to correlate the structural parameters of a self-excited oscillation cavity with the gas precipitation and energy consumption characteristics by effectively fuzing the information of different fidelity levels, choosing different correlation functions and hyper-parameter estimation methods, and learning the correlation between the data. The optimization framework determines various sampling methods and quantities by calculating the minimum Euclidean distance between sample points and sensitivity index. To enhance computational efficiency, a multi-fidelity sample library is established by utilizing both precise and coarse computational fluid dynamics grids. The expected improvement criterion-based algorithm for global optimization is employed as an additive strategy to incorporate additional data points into the model. This approach considers both local and global search of the model, thereby enhancing sample accuracy while reducing computation time. Moreover, the utilization of the highly generalized Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) for identifying the Pareto optimal solution set enhances convergence speed. The proposed optimization framework in this study achieves a remarkable level of model accuracy and provides optimal solutions even with a limited sample size. It can be widely used in engineering optimization problems.
Time-dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering: A theoretical approach
Authors: Dall’Osto Giulia , Corni Stefano
Published: July 2024

A new procedure for computing the time-dependent Raman scattering of molecules in the proximity of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) is proposed, drawing inspiration from the pioneering Lee and Heller’s theory. This strategy is based on a preliminary simulation of the molecular vibronic wavefunction in the presence of a plasmonic nanostructure and an incident light pulse. Subsequently, the Raman signal is evaluated through an inverse Fourier Transform of the coefficients’ dynamics. Employing a multiscale approach, the system is treated by coupling the quantum mechanical description of the molecule with the polarizable continuum model for the NP. This method offers a unique advantage by providing insights into the time evolution of the plasmon-enhanced Raman signal, tracking the dynamics of the incident electric field. It not only provides for the total Raman signal at the process’s conclusion but also gives transient information. Importantly, the flexibility of this approach allows for the simulation of various incident electric field profiles, enabling a closer alignment with experimental setups. This adaptability ensures that the method is relevant and applicable to diverse real-world scenarios.
Atomistic wave packet investigation of phonon scattering at rough surfaces
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Wang Yan , Lei Dongqiang , Wang Zhifeng
Published: July 2024

Investigating the phonon-surface scattering mechanism is essential for the evaluation of thermal transport in nanostructures. The theoretical description to quantify this mechanism remains to be developed at the atomic scale. This work presents a phonon wave packet method to study the phonon-surface scattering behavior at rough surfaces. We obtain the specularity distribution dependent on phonon polarization, wavelength, and surface roughness. The reflection of the diffuse wave packet is primarily attributed to the surface shadowing effect at a higher incident angle, surface disorder, and surface-induced localized modes. Taking the wavevector-dependent specularity data as input, the thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires is calculated based on the Boltzmann Transport Equation. Our specularity model provides an accurate evaluation for predicting thermal conductivity. This work offers an atomic-level analysis for phonon-surface interaction, which is helpful for the understanding of thermal transport in nanostructures.
Enhanced magnon thermal transport in yttrium-doped spin ladder compounds Sr14−xYxCu24O41
Authors: Li Shuchen , Guo Shucheng , Wang Yitian , Li Hongze , Xu Youming , Carta Veronica , Zhou Jianshi , Chen Xi
Published: July 2024

Magnons are quasiparticles of spin waves, carrying both thermal energy and spin information. Controlling magnon transport processes is critical for developing innovative magnonic devices used in data processing and thermal management applications in microelectronics. The spin ladder compound Sr14Cu24O41 with large magnon thermal conductivity offers a valuable platform for investigating magnon transport. However, there are limited studies on enhancing its magnon thermal conductivity. Herein, we report the modification of magnon thermal transport through partial substitution of strontium with yttrium (Y) in both polycrystalline and single crystalline Sr14−xYxCu24O41. At room temperature, the lightly Y-doped polycrystalline sample exhibits 430% enhancement in thermal conductivity compared to the undoped sample. This large enhancement can be attributed to reduced magnon-hole scattering, as confirmed by the Seebeck coefficient measurement. Further increasing the doping level results in negligible change and eventually suppression of magnon thermal transport due to increased magnon-defect and magnon-hole scattering. By minimizing defect and boundary scattering, the single crystal sample with x = 2 demonstrates a further enhanced room-temperature magnon thermal conductivity of 19Wm−1K−1, which is more than ten times larger than that of the undoped polycrystalline material. This study reveals the interplay between magnon-hole scattering and magnon-defect scattering in modifying magnon thermal transport, providing valuable insights into the control of magnon transport properties in magnetic materials.
High second-order nonlinearity in single-domain tetragonal PMN-PT single crystal
Authors: Luan Peng , Liu Xin , Du Hongliang , Wu Wanghua , Hu Hailong , Li Fei , Wei Xiaoyong , Xu Zhuo
Published: July 2024

Recently, Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) single crystals present tremendous potential in optical applications such as Q-switches and invisible robotic devices because they possess high electro-optic properties and perfect transparency simultaneously. However, due to the difficulties in testing and sample preparation, the nonlinear optical properties of PMN-PT single crystals have not been reported yet, which poses a bottleneck for exploring its nonlinear application. In this work, a large second-order nonlinear coefficient (d31 ∼ 77.9 pm V−1) of single domain PMN-0.39PT single crystal has been revealed, which is times times higher than the maximum nonlinear coefficient of commercial LiNbO3 single crystal (d33 = 25.4 pm V−1). The complete set of nonlinear coefficients of the sample has been determined by second harmonic generation microscopy. This work presents the promising nonlinear optical property in PMN-PT single crystals and opens a door for designing high-performance nonlinear optical devices.
Hydrodynamic performance analysis of swimming processes in self-propelled manta rays
Authors: Chu Yong , Gao Pengcheng , Chen Xiao , Huang Qiaogao , Pan Guang , Luo Yang
Published: July 2024

To fill the research gap regarding the whole process (steady-state and nonsteady-state phases) of median and/or paired fin (MPF) mode swimming in underwater organisms, a two-degree-of-freedom self-propelled coupling method of motion and hydrodynamics based on user-defined functions of Fluent software was established, and numerical simulations were carried out for the startup, acceleration, and steady-state phases of manta rays. The interaction mechanism among the hydrodynamic characteristics, vortex evolution, and pressure distribution was investigated in the mentioned phases. We concluded that the negative pressure zone generated by the leading edge vortex and the shear layer contributes to thrust generation and changes in swimming velocity dominate the hydrodynamic characteristics by affecting the evolution of the shear layer and the leading edge vortex, with a 17.54% increase in forward average velocity in the fourth cycle compared to the third cycle and a consequent 9.5% increase in average thrust. In the end, the relationship between the formation of trailing edge vortex rings and changes in thrust was revealed. The vortex ring contributes to the increase in thrust, but the formation of the vortex ring comes at the cost of the loss of the leading edge vortex negative pressure zone, which greatly affects thrust, decreasing to 38.3% of its peak. The swimming mechanism revealed in this study provides a reference for the study of MPF-driven biodynamics and a new simulation strategy for the prediction of bionic navigator motions.