bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP NILAI SENSORI, KOMPOSISI PROKSIMAT, DAN TOTAL BAKTERI TERASI IKAN BETE-BETE (Leiognathus equulus)
Authors: Hestiani Hestiani , Asnani Asnani , Isamu Kobajashi Togo
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT          The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation time on sensory values (appearance, odor, taste, and texture), proximate composition (water content and protein content) and total bacteria on fish paste. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with fermentation periods of succession: 5, 10, 15 and 20 days, each treatment was repeated three times. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and differences between treatments were tested using DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results obtained showed that the influence of fermented fish paste length had a real effect on sensory values which included appearance, odor, taste, and texture. The highest sensory value obtained in shrimp paste with 20 days fermentation time includes the appearance value of 7.9 (reddish-brown, rather brilliant), the smell of 7.9 (slightly less fragrant, a little extra odor), 7.8 flavor (delicious, medium fish taste, less sweet, enough salty taste and savory) and 7.7 (soft, homogeneous, somewhat rough). Fermentation for 20 days produced shrimp paste with water and protein content respectively 51.54 and 25.54% and the total bacteria was 7.81 Log CFU/gr. Keywords: Leiognathus equulus, Proximate Composition, Sensory Tests, Shrimp Paste, and Total Bacteria.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui  pengaruh lama fermentasi  terhadap nilai sensori (kenampakan, bau, rasa dan tekstur), komposisi proksimat (kadar air dan kadar protein) dan total bakteri terhadap terasi ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan  lama fermentasi berturut-turut: 5 , 10, 15 dan 20 hari, masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Data dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA dan perbedaan diantara perlakuan diuji dengan menggunakan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh lama fermentasi terasi ikan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap nilai sensori yang meliputi kenampakan, bau, rasa dan tekstur. Nilai sensori tertinggi diperoleh pada terasi dengan lama fermentasi 20 hari meliputi nilai kenampakan 7,9 (coklat kemerahan, agak cemerlang), bau 7,9 (sedikit kurang harum,  sedikit bau tambahan), rasa 7,8 (enak, rasa ikan sedang, kurang manis, rasa asin cukup dan gurih) serta 7,7 (lembek, homogen, agak kasar). Fermentasi selama 20 hari menghasilkan terasi dengan kadar air dan protein berturut-turut 51,54 dan 25,54 % serta total bakteri adalah  7,81 Log CFU/gr.Kata kunci: Komposisi Proksimat, Leiognathus equulus, Terasi, Total Bakteri, dan  Uji Sensori.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN IKAN TEMBANG (Sardinella sp.) DAN TEPUNG TAPIOKA TERHADAP NILAI SENSORI DAN KIMIA KERUPUK IKAN
Authors: Armin Armin , Ibrahim Mohamad Nuh , Rejeki Sri
Published: October 2021

The Effect of Comparison of Sardinella (Sardinella sp.) and Tapioca Flour to Sensory and Chemical Value of Fish Crackers ABSTRACT         The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of sardinella and tapioca flour to sensory quality, proximate composition, and rising volume of fish cracker fish crackers. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of (four) treatments, namely by comparison of sardinella and tapioca flour with concentrations: 40%:60%(P1), 45%:55%(P2), 50%:50%(P3), and 55%:45%(P4). Data gathered were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at 0.5% significance level, if there were significant differences, the analysis was continued using DMsRT   (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that the effect of the ratio of sardinella and tapioca flour on the sensory (quality of color, aroma, and crispness), proximate composition, and fish cracker rising volume had a significant effect. While other sensory attributes were not significantly different. The highest proximate composition in P3 with water content, protein, fat and ash  6,92%, 19,69% , 8,33% and 4,48% respectively. The highest value of the rising volume is shown in P1 with 91.28%. Keywords: Sardinella (Sardinella sp.),  sensory, proximate, rising volume.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan dari ikan tembang dan tepung tapioka terhadap kualitas sensori, komposisi proksimat, dan daya kembang kerupuk ikan.  Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri  dari 4 (empat) perlakuan yaitu dengan perbandingan ikan tembang dan tepung tapioka pada konsentrasi berturut-turut:40%:60% (P1), 45%:55% (P2), 50%:50% (P3) dan 55%:45% (P4).  Data yang terkumpul secara statistik dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Varians) pada taraf nyata 0,5%, jika terdapat perbedaan nyata analisis dilanjutkan menggunakan DMRT (Duncam Multiple Test Range). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh perbandingan ikan tembang dan tepung tapioka terhadap kualitas sensori (warna, aroma dan kerenyahan), komposisi proksimat dan uji fisik berpengaruh nyata. Atribut sensori rasa tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata. Komposisi proksimat terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan P3 yaitu kadar air 6,92%, kadar protein 19,69%, kadar lemak 8,33% dan kadar abu 4,48%. Komposisi volume pengembangan terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan P1 dengan nilai 91,28%.Kata kunci: Ikan Tembang (Sardinella sp.), Sensori, Proksimat, Volume Pengembangan
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN PENAMBAHAN KONSENTRASI ANGGUR LAUT (Caulerpa racemosa) TERHADAP UJI ORGANOLEPTIK DAN UJI KIMIA PUDING ANGGUR LAUT
Authors: Manitaras La Ode Aldin , Ibrahim Mohamad Nuh , Suwarjoyowirayatno Suwarjoyowirayatno
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT         The aims of this study were to determine the effect of increasing the concentration of sea grape on organoleptic value, chemical content, and syneresis test content of sea grape pudding. This study used the completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments, A (sea grape 16 g), B (sea grape 19 g), C (sea grape 22 g), and D (sea grape 25 g). Analysis of organoleptic tests, chemical and syneresis test (AOAC method). The highest organoleptic test scores, appearance, and scent are present in treatment A with a value of 4.38% and 4.48%, a sense of the treatment of C 4.18%, and the texture of the treatment D 4.31%. The highest value of chemical content, the water content in treatment A with a value of 54.28%, ash content, protein levels, carbohydrate levels, and fiber content are found in D treatment with grades 1.56%, 11.29%, 32.74%, and 5.32%. Respectively the highest syneresis test value is found in treatment A with a value of 82,90%. From Statistic real difference test (DMRT) shows that there is a very real influence on moisture content, ash content, protein levels, carbohydrate content, fiber content, and syneresis test in sea grape pudding. Keywords: Pudding, Sea Grapes, Chemical Content, Organoleptic, SyneresisABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi anggur laut terhadap nilai organoleptik, kandungan kimia dan kandungan uji sineresis puding anggur laut. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri empat perlakuan yaitu A (anggur laut 16 g), B (anggur laut 19 g), C (anggur laut 22 g) dan D (anggur laut 25 g). Analisis uji organoleptik, kandungan kimia dan uji sineresis (metode AOAC). Nilai uji organoleptik tertinggi, rupa dan aroma terdapat pada perlakuan A dengan nilai 4,38% dan 4,48%, rasa pada perlakuan C 4,18% dan tekstur pada perlakuan D 4,31%. Nilai kandungan kimia tertinggi, kadar air pada perlakuan A dengan nilai 54,28%, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat dan kadar serat terdapat pada perlakuan D dengan nilai 1,56, 11,29%, 32,74% dan 5,32%. Nilai uji sineresis tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan A dengan nilai 82,90%. Dari statistik uji beda nyata (DMRT) menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh sangat nyata pada kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat, kadar serat dan uji sineresis pada puding anggur laut.Kata kunci: Puding, Anggur Laut, Kandungan Kimia, Organoleptik, Sineresis
STUDI KIMIA IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forskal) TANPA TULANG YANG DIKEMAS MENGGUNAKAN METODE KEMASAN BERBEDA PADA PENYIMPANAN SUHU DINGIN (5°C)
Authors: Faisal Faisal , Patadjai Andi Besse , Sadimantara Muhammad Syukri
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT         The aim of this study was to determine the chemical changes in boneless milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) with cold storage (5°C) until the 6th day. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 treatments; milkfish samples without packaging (C1), non-vacuum packaging (C2), and vacuum packaging (C3) and performed 3 times. Chemical parameters include pH, TVB, and TMA. The data obtained were analyzed using diversity analysis (ANOVA) and if a significant difference found in treatments then the DMRT test was continued. The results showed a significant difference in the TVB value 0-day storage, but in the pH and TMA values, there were no significant differences. The results of research on the storage of the 6th day showed a significant difference to the value of TVB and TMA, but at pH value, there was no significant difference. The results showed that the pH values of 0 and 6 days remained stable in the neutral range (6.3-6.8). TVB and TMA values for each treatment and storage are below tolerant limits. The highest values in TVB and TMA treatment without packaging on the 6th day (C1) were 19.39 mgN/100 gr and 3.32 mg/100 gr, respectively.Keywords: chemical compound, packaging, storage, thorns leave milkfishABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan kimia ikan bandeng tanpa tulang (Chanos chanos Forskal) pada penyimpanan suhu dingin (5°) pada awal penyimpanan sampai hari ke-6. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu sampel ikan bandeng tanpa kemasan (C1), kemasan nonvakum (C2), dan kemasan vakum (C3) dan dilakukan 3 kali ulangan. Perubahan kimia yang diukur meliputi pH, TVB, dan TMA. Data yang diperoleh dari uji kimia dianalisis menggunakan analisis keragaman (ANOVA) untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan pada setiap perlakuan dan dilanjutkan uji DMRT jika didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan pada penyimpanan hari ke-0 terhadap nilai TVB, tetapi pada nilai pH dan TMA tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan. Hasil penelitian pada penyimpanan hari ke-6 menunujukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan terhadap nilai TVB dan TMA, tetapi pada nilai pH tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH hari ke-0 dan ke-6 nilai rata-rata pH tetap stabil di kisaran netral (6,3-6,8). Nilai TVB dan TMA pada setiap perlakuan dan penyimpanan dibawah batas tolerir. Nilai tertinggi pada TVB dan TMA pada perlakuan tanpa kemasan hari ke-6 (C1) masing-masing 19,39 mgN/100 gr dan 3,32mgN/100 gr.Kata kunci: Ikan bandeng tanpa tulang, kandungan kimia, kemasan, penyimpanan
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN RUMPUT LAUT (E. spinosum) YANG DIPEROLEH DARI KECAMATAN WANGI-WANGI SELATAN DAN KECAMATAN KALEDUPA SELATAN
Authors: Lifendro Lifendro , Haslianti Haslianti , Asyik Nur
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT         The aim of this study was to determine the proximate content (water content, carbohydrate levels), phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids), and antioxidants. Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis to provide a general description of the data. The results of this study aim to determine the content of proximate (water content, carbohydrate levels), phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids), and antioxidants. Proximate test on E. spinosum seaweed has a difference, namely water content with sample code P1 = 41.83% and P2 = 49.19. High water content is in the sample code P2, while the carbohydrate content with sample code P1 = 22.20 and P2 = 17.64. High carbohydrate levels are found in the sample code P1. Phytochemical tests on E. spinosum seaweed with codes P1 and P2 contained flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids but there were no alkaloids and steroids. The antioxidant activity test on E. spinosum seaweed in both samples was very weak with sample code P1 having IC50 value = 223.90 while IC50 value at P2 = 222.34.Keywords: Antioxidants, Eucheuma spinosum, Phytochemicals and ProximateABSTRAKPeneletian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan proksimat (kadar air, kadar karbohidrat), fitokimia (alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, terpenoid) dan antioksidan. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk memberikan gambaran umum tentang data. Hasil uji proksimat pada rumput laut E. spinosum memiliki perbedaan yaitu kadar air dengan kode sampel P1 = 41.83% dan P2 =49.19. Kadar air  tinggi terdapat pada kode sampel P2, sedangkan kadar karbohidrat dengan kode sampel P1 = 22.20 dan P2 = 17.64. Kadar karbohidrat yang tinggi terdapat pada kode sampel P1. Uji fitokimia pada rumput laut E. spinosum dengan kode sampe P1 dan P2  terdapat flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid namun tidak terdapat alkaloid dan steroid. Uji aktivitas antioksidan pada rumput laut E. spinosum pada kedua sampel sangat lemah dengan kode sampel P1 memiliki nilai IC50 = 223,90 sedangkan nilai IC50 pada P2 = 222,34. Kata kunci: Antioksidan, Eucheuma spinosum, Fitokimia dan Proksimat.
SIPOU (Siphonosoma australe-australe): PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI BAHAN PANGAN
Authors: Fatimah Shalawatun Amaliah , Asnani Asnani , Suwarjoyowirayatno Suwarjoyowirayatno
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT         Sipou (Siphonosoma australe-australe) or sipuncula (peanut worm) is a marine animal that can be found in the coastal areas of Toronipa, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Sipou has been used as food and traditional medicine. It has been researched that it has a complete nutritional content, traditionally used as a nutraceutical ingredient against tuberculosis, regulates the function of the stomach and spleen, and restores health caused by pathogens. Due to its broad benefits, Sipou is now known to have an anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, or antihyperglycemic function in what has been done on its extracts. Indonesia is a region that holds a wealth of various types of marine animals, one of which is sipou, which until now is still very rarely used, even the processing technology is new in the form of dry raw materials and used as food ingredients. Meanwhile, sipou research as a medicinal ingredient is still limited and Sipou products are still exported as dry whole raw materials to Asian countries. Given its potential resources, research towards industry, processing, pharmaceuticals, and health needs to be increased. The research is intended to further introduce and support various industries in increasing the added value of processing and processed Sipou which is very useful. Keywords: Foodstuffs, Sipou, processing techniquesABSTRAKSipou (Siphonosoma australe-australe) atau sipuncula (peanut worm) merupakan hewan laut yang dapat ditemui di wilayah pesisir pantai Toronipa, Kabupaten Konawe, Sulawesi Tenggara. Sipou telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan dan pengobatan tradisional. Telah diteliti memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang lengkap, secara tradisional telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan nutraceutical terhadap penyakit tuberkulosis, pengatur fungsi lambung dan limpa, serta pemulihan kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh patogen. Karena manfaatnya yang cukup luas, kini sipou diketahui memiliki fungsi sebagai antiinflamasi, anti diabetes atau antihiperglikemik dalam penetian yang telah dilakukan terhadap ektraknya. Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang menyimpan kekayaan berbagai jenis hewan laut, salah satunya adalah sipou yang hingga saat ini pemanfaatannya masih sangat jarang bahkan teknologi pengolahannya baru dalam bentuk bahan baku kering dan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan. Sementara penelitian sipou  sebagai bahan obat masih terbatas dan produk sipou masih diekspor dalam bentuk bahan baku utuh kering ke negara-negara Asia. Mengingat sumberdayanya yang cukup potensial, maka penelitian ke arah bidang industri, pengolahan, farmasi dan kesehatan perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian tersebut untuk lebih memperkenalkan dan mendukung berbagai industri dalam peningkatan nilai tambah dari pengolahan dan hasil olahan sipou yang sangat bermanfaat.Kata kunci: Bahan pangan, Sipou, teknik pengolahan
KARAKTERISTIK OGANOLEPTIK DAN KIMIA BAKSO IKAN BARAKUDA (Sphyraena jello) DENGAN SUBTITUSI TEPUNG SAGU (Metroxylon sagu)
Authors: Tanda La , Haslianti Haslianti , Suwarjoyowirayatno Suwarjoyowirayatno
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT         The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sago starch (Metroxylon sago)adding on the organoleptic and proximate value of barracuda fish balls (Sphyraena jello). The design used in this experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD) with three times replication. The parameters observed were sensory teste (appearance smell, taste, and texture) and proximate analysis or chemical teste (water content, ash content, fat content, protein, and carbohydrate content). The results of this study indicate that based on the analysis of various treatments with research were P1=50% sago flour: 50% tapioca starch, P2=65% sago flour: 65% tapioca starch, P3=75% sago flour: 25% tapioca starch dan P4=85% sago flour: 15% tapioca starch. Did not show a significant effect on the sensory and chemical quality of barracuda (Sphyraena jello) fish Meatballs but had different mean in each treatment that shows the best quality of fish meatball treatment P3=75% sago flour: 25% tapioca flour with an appearance value of 4,05, odor 4,26, taste 4.01 and texture 4,00. Keywords: Barakuda fish, meatball, sagoABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung sagu (Metroxilon sagu) terhadap nilai organoleptik dan nilai proksimat bakso ikan barakuda (Sphyraena jello). Penelitian in imenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati yaitu uji sensori (kenampakan, bau, rasa dan tekstur) dan analisis proksimat (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein dan karbohidrat). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis sidik ragam perlakuan dengan penelitian (P1= tepung sagu 50%: tepung tapioka 50%), (P2= tepung sagu 65%: tepung tapioka 35%), (P3= tepung sagu 75%: tepung tapioka 25%) dan (P4= tepung sagu 85%: tepung tapioka 15%) tidak menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap kualitas sensori dan kimia bakso ikan barakuda (Sphyraena jello) namun memiliki rerata yang beragam pada masing-masing perlakuan. Perlakuan yang menunjukkan kualiatas bakso ikan yang terbaik yaitu perlakuan (P3= tepung sagu 75%: tepung tapioka 25%)  dengan nilai kenampakan 4,05, bau 4,26, rasa 4,01%dan tekstur 4,00.Kata kunci: Bakso, Ikan barakuda, sagu
Development of Stressor Scale for Obese People
Authors: Rehman Rida , Ijaz Tazvin
Published: October 2021

Present study was conducted to develop and validate an Indigenous scale to assess the stressors experienced by obese people in different domains of their lives. Mixed method design and purposive sampling technique was used. A list of 29 items was generated after thorough review of the literature and from the details of the interviews conducted with the participants. Validation from expert clinical psychologists was obtained. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with oblimin rotation was run on a sample of 300 participants for current study. Confirmatory factor analysis on a separate sample of 400 participants yielded a good model fit and validated three-factor structure with fit indices ? 2 = 807.45 (df = 320, N = 300), p < .05, RMSEA = .062, CFI = .91 and TLI = .88. The Cronbach alpha valuewas.86 indicating strong internal consistency of the scale. The distress and Well-being subscales of Mental Health Inventory were utilized to assess the convergent and divergent Validity which yielded positive and negative correlation respectively affirming Stressor Scale for Obese people as a valid construct. The study is an initial step to highlight and understand the stressors experienced by obese people and its severity level. This will help doctors and mental health professional to devise effective management of obesity.
Wheezing-Related Relevant Factors and the Role of Viral Bronchiolitis
Authors: Teijeiro Alvaro , Gómez R. Maximiliano
Published: October 2021

Bronchiolitis is a virus-associated infection of the lower respiratory tract exhibiting signs and symptoms of airway obstruction. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is responsible in most cases; however, different rhinoviruses have also been implicated. Specific viruses and time until the first infection, severity of the respiratory condition, and atopic status have a determinant role in the recurrence of wheezing and asthma development. Genetics, lung function, atopic condition, the role of microbiota and environment, pollution, and obesity are considered in the present review. Emergency room visits and hospitalizations because of severe wheezing and smoking during pregnancy among others were identified as risk factors for significant morbidity in our population. Approaching determinant conditions like genetics, allergy, antiviral immunity, and environmental exposures such as farm vs. urban and viral virulence provides an opportunity to minimize morbidity of viral illness and asthma in children.
Sequential Continuous Mixotrophic and Phototrophic Cultivation Might Be a Cost-Effective Strategy for Astaxanthin Production From the Microalga Haematococcus lacustris
Authors: Khazi Mahammed Ilyas , Shi Liangtao , Liaqat Fakhra , Yang Yuxin , Li Xin , Yang Duanpeng , Li Jian
Published: October 2021

Although Haematococcus lacustris has been developed for astaxanthin production for decades, the production cost is still high. In order to modify the production processes, we proposed a novel strategy of cultivation, featured by sequential indoor continuous mixotrophic cultivation for the production of green cells followed by outdoor phototrophic induction for astaxanthin accumulation. The continuous mixotrophic cultivation was first optimized indoor, and then the seed culture of mixotrophic cultivation was inoculated into outdoor open raceway ponds for photoinduction. The results showed that mixotrophically grown cultures could efficiently grow without losing their photosynthetic efficiency and yielded higher biomass concentration (0.655 g L−1) and astaxanthin content (2.2% DW), compared to phototrophically grown seed culture controls. This novel strategy might be a promising alternative to the current approaches to advance the production technology of astaxanthin from microalgae.
Stimulation of Non-canonical NF-κB Through Lymphotoxin-β-Receptor Impairs Myogenic Differentiation and Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Schmidt Manuel , Weidemann Anja , Poser Christine , Bigot Anne , von Maltzahn Julia
Published: October 2021

Myogenic differentiation, muscle stem cell functionality, and regeneration of skeletal muscle are cellular processes under tight control of various signaling pathways. Here, we investigated the role of non-canonical NF-κB signaling in myogenic differentiation, muscle stem cell functionality, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. We stimulated non-canonical NF-κB signaling with an agonistically acting antibody of the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR). Interestingly, we found that stimulation of non-canonical NF-κB signaling through the LTβR agonist impairs myogenic differentiation, muscle stem cell function, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we show that stimulation of non-canonical NF-κB signaling by the LTβR agonist coincides with activation of canonical NF-κB signaling. We suggest a direct crosstalk between canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling during myogenic differentiation which is required for proper myogenic differentiation and thereby regeneration of skeletal muscle.
SNHG10 Is a Prognostic Biomarker Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chen Qiang , Yang Xiaorong , Gong Binbin , Xie Wenjie , Ma Ming , Fu Shengqiang , Wang Siyuan , Liu Yutang , Zhang Zhicheng , Sun Ting , Li Zhilong
Published: October 2021

SNHG10 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) found to be overexpressed in multiple human cancers including prostate cancer (PC). However, the underlying mechanisms of SNHG10 driving the progression of PC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of SNHG10 in PC and found that SNHG10 expression was significantly increased in datasets extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Increased expression of SNHG10 was related to advanced clinical parameters. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed the significant diagnostic ability of SNHG10 (AUC = 0.805). In addition, immune infiltration analysis, and GSEA showed that SNHG10 expression was correlated with oxidative phosphorylation and immune infiltrated cells. Finally, we determined that SNHG10 regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC in vitro. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that SNHG10 was correlated with progression and immune infiltration, and could serve as a prognostic biomarker for PC.
Impact of Donor Age on the Osteogenic Supportive Capacity of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Carvalho Marta S. , Alves Laura , Bogalho Isabel , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , da Silva Cláudia L.
Published: October 2021

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been proposed as an emerging cell-based therapeutic option for regenerative medicine applications as these cells can promote tissue and organ repair. In particular, MSC have been applied for the treatment of bone fractures. However, the healing capacity of these fractures is often compromised by patient’s age. Therefore, considering the use of autologous MSC, we evaluated the impact of donor age on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC. MSC from older patients (60 and 80 years old) demonstrated impaired proliferative and osteogenic capacities compared to MSC isolated from younger patients (30 and 45 years old), suggesting that aging potentially changes the quantity and quality of MSC. Moreover, in this study, we investigated the capacity of the microenvironment [i.e., extracellular matrix (ECM)] to rescue the impaired proliferative and osteogenic potential of aged MSC. In this context, we aimed to understand if BM MSC features could be modulated by exposure to an ECM derived from cells obtained from young or old donors. When aged MSC were cultured on decellularized ECM derived from young MSC, their in vitro proliferative and osteogenic capacities were enhanced, which did not happen when cultured on old ECM. Our results suggest that the microenvironment, specifically the ECM, plays a crucial role in the quality (assessed in terms of osteogenic differentiation capacity) and quantity of MSC. Specifically, the aging of ECM is determinant of osteogenic differentiation of MSC. In fact, old MSC maintained on a young ECM produced higher amounts of extracellularly deposited calcium (9.10 ± 0.22 vs. 4.69 ± 1.41 μg.μl–1.10–7 cells for young ECM and old ECM, respectively) and up-regulated the expression of osteogenic gene markers such as Runx2 and OPN. Cell rejuvenation by exposure to a functional ECM might be a valuable clinical strategy to overcome the age-related decline in the osteogenic potential of MSC by recapitulating a younger microenvironment, attenuating the effects of aging on the stem cell niche. Overall, this study provides new insights on the osteogenic potential of MSC during aging and opens new possibilities for developing clinical strategies for elderly patients with limited bone formation capacity who currently lack effective treatments.
Prediction of Ovarian Cancer-Related Metabolites Based on Graph Neural Network
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Chen Yingying , Sun Kefeng , Wang Yu , He Hui , Sun Lin , Ha Sifu , Li Xiaoxiao , Ou Yifei , Zhang Xue , Bi Yanli
Published: October 2021

Ovarian cancer is one of the three most malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. At present, researchers do not know its pathogenesis, which makes the treatment effect unsatisfactory. Metabolomics is closely related to drug efficacy, safety evaluation, mechanism of action, and rational drug use. Therefore, identifying ovarian cancer-related metabolites could greatly help researchers understand the pathogenesis and develop treatment plans. However, the measurement of metabolites is inaccurate and greatly affects the environment, and biological experiment is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, researchers tend to use computational methods to identify disease-related metabolites in large scale. Since the hypothesis that similar diseases are related to similar metabolites is widely accepted, in this paper, we built both disease similarity network and metabolite similarity network and used graph convolutional network (GCN) to encode these networks. Then, support vector machine (SVM) was used to identify whether a metabolite is related to ovarian cancer. The experiment results show that the AUC and AUPR of our method are 0.92 and 0.81, respectively. Finally, we proposed an effective method to prioritize ovarian cancer-related metabolites in large scale.
Myocardial Work by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Accurately Assesses Left Ventricular Function of Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Zhu Huolan , Guo Ying , Wang Xiang , Yang Chenguang , Li Yi , Meng Xuyang , Pei Zuowei , Zhang Ruisheng , Zhong You , Wang Fang
Published: October 2021

Objective: Myocardial work (MW) is a novel non-invasive method that uses speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) to assess left ventricular (LV) function. MW incorporates the global longitudinal strain and afterload conditions. Here we aimed to use MW to assess the LV function of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with or without heart failure (HF).

Methods: We enrolled a total of 150 individuals (50 each) with CAD and a normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF), CAD with HF, and healthy controls. Patients were divided into the hypertension (HTN) and normal blood pressure (no HTN) subgroups. MW was determined from the pressure-strain loop using STE. The relationships between MW indices and conventional echocardiographic parameters were evaluated, and the MW indices were compared among groups.

Results: Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that MW indices were strongly correlated with LVEF. The global work index (GWI) was increased in the CAD with normal LVEF subgroup with HTN vs. controls (1,922.3 ± 393.1 vs. 1,639.7 ± 204.6 mmHg%, p < 0.05) and decreased in CAD patients with HF (no HTN: 940.9 ± 380.6 vs. 1,639.7 ± 204.6 mmHg%, p < 0.05; HTN: 857.3 ± 369.3 vs. 1,639.7 ± 204.6 mmHg%, p < 0.05). Global waste work was increased in all CAD subgroups vs. controls. Global constructive work had the same tendency as GWI in patients with CAD. Global MW efficiency was decreased in all patients with CAD.

Conclusion: MW using STE accurately quantifies LV function in patients with CAD. It offers additional information about LV function with respect to disease progression, particularly in CAD patients with a normal LVEF.
The Prognostic Value of Calcium in Post-Cardiovascular Surgery Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bi Siwei , Liu Ruiqi , Li Jingyi , Chen Shanshan , Gu Jun
Published: October 2021

Background: Present researches exploring the prognostic value of calcium concentration are undermined by sample size and study design. Our study investigated the association of both total calcium (tCa) and ionized Ca (iCa) to short- and long-term mortality and other outcomes in post-cardiovascular surgery (PCS) patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) from two large public data sets.

Methods: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database and the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU) were inspected to identify PCS patients. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Multivariate regression was used to elucidate the relationship between calcium concentration and outcomes. The propensity score estimation was performed to validate our findings.

Results: A total of 6122 and 914 patients were included from the MIMIC III and eICU data sets, respectively. The groups with the most patients were the mild hypo-iCa and hypo-tCa groups. The mild hypo-iCa group showed significant association with worse short-term and long-term prognosis, less use of ventilation, longer ICU and hospital stay, and more incidence of 7-day acute kidney injury.

Conclusions: The mild hypo-iCa (0.9–1.15 mmol/L) within the first day of admission to the ICU could serve as an independent prognosis factor for PCS patients.
High-Throughput Sequencing for Examining Salmonella Prevalence and Pathogen—Microbiota Relationships in Barn Swallows
Authors: Choi Olivia N. , Corl Ammon , Wolfenden Andrew , Lublin Avishai , Ishaq Suzanne L. , Turjeman Sondra , Getz Wayne M. , Nathan Ran , Bowie Rauri C. K. , Kamath Pauline L.
Published: October 2021

Studies in both humans and model organisms suggest that the microbiome may play a significant role in host health, including digestion and immune function. Microbiota can offer protection from exogenous pathogens through colonization resistance, but microbial dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract can decrease resistance and is associated with pathogenesis. Little is known about the effects of potential pathogens, such as Salmonella, on the microbiome in wildlife, which are known to play an important role in disease transmission to humans. Culturing techniques have traditionally been used to detect pathogens, but recent studies have utilized high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize host-associated microbial communities (i.e., the microbiome) and to detect specific bacteria. Building upon this work, we evaluated the utility of high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing for potential bacterial pathogen detection in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) and used these data to explore relationships between potential pathogens and microbiota. To accomplish this, we first compared the detection of Salmonella spp. in swallows using 16S rRNA data with standard culture techniques. Second, we examined the prevalence of Salmonella using 16S rRNA data and examined the relationship between Salmonella-presence or -absence and individual host factors. Lastly, we evaluated host-associated bacterial diversity and community composition in Salmonella-present vs. -absent birds. Out of 108 samples, we detected Salmonella in six (5.6%) samples based on culture, 25 (23.1%) samples with unrarefied 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, and three (2.8%) samples with both techniques. We found that sex, migratory status, and weight were correlated with Salmonella presence in swallows. In addition, bacterial community composition and diversity differed between birds based on Salmonella status. This study highlights the value of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data for monitoring pathogens in wild birds and investigating the ecology of host microbe-pathogen relationships, data which are important for prediction and mitigation of disease spillover into domestic animals and humans.
Eavesdropping on Referential Yellow Warbler Alarm Calls by Red-Winged Blackbirds Is Mediated by Brood Parasitism Risk
Authors: Lawson Shelby L. , Enos Janice K. , Gill Sharon A. , Hauber Mark E.
Published: October 2021

Referential alarm calls that denote specific types of dangers are common across diverse vertebrate lineages. Different alarm calls can indicate a variety of threats, which often require specific actions to evade. Thus, to benefit from the call, listeners of referential alarm calls must be able to decode the signaled threat and respond to it in an appropriate manner. Yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) produce referential “seet” calls that signal to conspecifics the presence of nearby obligate brood parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), which lay their eggs in the nests of other species, including yellow warblers. Our previous playback experiments have found that red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), a species also parasitized by brown-headed cowbirds, eavesdrop upon and respond strongly to yellow warbler seet calls during the incubation stage of breeding with aggression similar to responses to both cowbird chatters and predator calls. To assess whether red-winged blackbird responses to seet calls vary with their own risk of brood parasitism, we presented the same playbacks during the nestling stage of breeding (when the risk of brood parasitism is lower than during incubation). As predicted, we found that blackbirds mediated their aggression toward both cowbird chatter calls and the warblers’ anti-parasitic referential alarm calls in parallel with the low current risk of brood parasitism during the nestling stage. These results further support that red-winged blackbirds flexibly respond to yellow warbler antiparasitic referential calls as a frontline defense against brood parasitism at their own nests.
Parental Care System and Brood Size Drive Sex Difference in Reproductive Allocation: An Experimental Study on Burying Beetles
Authors: Wang Wenxia , Ma Long , Versteegh Maaike A. , Wu Hua , Komdeur Jan
Published: October 2021

Life-history theory predicts that increased resource allocation in current reproduction comes at the cost of survival and future reproductive fitness. In taxa with biparental care, each parent can adjust investment on current reproduction according to changes in their partner’s effort, but these adjustments may be different for males and females as they may have different reproductive strategies. Numerous theoretical and empirical studies have proposed the mechanism underlying such adjustments. In addition, the value of the brood or litter (brood size) has also been suggested to affect the amount of care through manipulation of brood size. While the two conditions have been studied independently, the impact of their interplay on potential sex-dependent future reproductive performance remains largely unknown. In this study, we simultaneously manipulated both care system (removal of either parent vs. no removal) and brood size in a burying beetle (Nicrophorus vespilloides) to understand their joint effect on reproductive allocation and trade-off between current and future reproduction. Our results show that males compensated for mate loss by significantly increasing the level of care regardless of brood size, while females exhibited such compensation only for small brood size. Additionally, with an increase in allocation to current reproduction, males showed decreased parental investment during the subsequent breeding event as a pair. These findings imply a dual influence of parental care system and brood size on allocation in current reproduction. Moreover, the impact of such adjustments on sex-dependent differences in future reproduction (parental care, larvae number, and average larval mass at dispersal) is also demonstrated. Our findings enhance the understanding of sex roles in parental investment and highlight their importance as drivers of reproductive allocation.
Vertical Mixing and Heat Fluxes Conditioned by a Seismically Imaged Oceanic Front
Authors: Gunn Kathryn L. , Dickinson Alex , White Nicky J. , Caulfield Colm-cille P.
Published: October 2021

The southwest Atlantic gyre connects several distinct water masses, which means that this oceanic region is characterized by a complex frontal system and enhanced water mass modification. Despite its significance, the distribution and variability of vertical mixing rates have yet to be determined for this system. Specifically, potential conditioning of mixing rates by frontal structures, in this location and elsewhere, is poorly understood. Here, we analyze vertical seismic (i.e., acoustic) sections from a three-dimensional survey that straddles a major front along the northern portion of the Brazil-Falkland Confluence. Hydrographic analyses constrain the structure and properties of water masses. By spectrally analyzing seismic reflectivity, we calculate spatial and temporal distributions of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, ε, of diapycnal mixing rate, K, and of vertical diffusive heat flux, FH. We show that estimates of ε, K, and FH are elevated compared to regional and global mean values. Notably, cross-sectional mean estimates vary little over a 6 week period whilst smaller scale thermohaline structures appear to have a spatially localized effect upon ε, K, and FH. In contrast, a mesoscale front modifies ε and K to a depth of 1 km, across a region of O(100) km. This front clearly enhances mixing rates, both adjacent to its surface outcrop and beneath the mixed layer, whilst also locally suppressing ε and K to a depth of 1 km. As a result, estimates of FH increase by a factor of two in the vicinity of the surface outcrop of the front. Our results yield estimates of ε, K and FH that can be attributed to identifiable thermohaline structures and they show that fronts can play a significant role in water mass modification to depths of 1 km.
Response of Food-Webs Indicators to Human Pressures, in the Scope of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Authors: Machado Inês , Costa José Lino , Cabral Henrique
Published: October 2021

Understanding food webs environmental condition is a challenging task since evaluations are limited by data on key ecosystem elements, by the availability of indicators that incorporate relevant guilds and by the difficulty in establishing cause-effect relations between pressures and health status, as multiple overlapping pressures can affect taxonomic elements differently. The present work aims to investigate food webs assessment under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), revealing gaps and future research needs in the North Eastern Atlantic. To understand reporting patterns, information on the criteria employed and the resulting assessment trends of Descriptor 4—Food webs were surveyed from the MSFD reports. A multivariate analysis was applied to food webs assessment status and spatially overlapping anthropogenic pressures to understand if the assessment was detecting pressures, considering fish elements. Results revealed that reporting strategies varied between Member States. High reporting effort was exhibited by the United Kingdom in opposition to Ireland or France. Reporting of other groups other than fish and plankton was limited to the United Kingdom due to the availability of monitoring programs and data. The analysis applied to criteria considering fish elements reinforced that reporting strategies and trends differed between countries, although some similarities were found for the Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast and the Celtic Seas. Food webs assessment trends for fish were variable in Spain and were stable or increased in Portugal and the United Kingdom. Anthropogenic drivers significantly influencing food web trends for fish elements were fishing, and climate anomalies in the southern Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast, while eutrophication and chemical contamination had effects on trends in the Celtic Sea and the North Sea. Results allowed to establish a relation between anthropogenic effects and food web patterns, however, these were limited since food webs assessment is incongruent in terms of criteria used and data is still limited at relevant scales. This study reinforced the necessity to increase Member States harmonization and calibration to improve our understanding of food webs environmental status.
Impacts of pH on the Fitness and Immune System of Pacific White Shrimp
Authors: Weerathunga Veran , Huang Wei-Jen , Dupont Sam , Hsieh Hsueh-Han , Piyawardhana Nathangi , Yuan Fei-Ling , Liao Jhe-Syuan , Lai Chia-Yu , Chen Wei-Ming , Hung Chin-Chang
Published: October 2021

The atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) has been increasing dramatically since the beginning of the industrial revolution and about 30% of the CO2 produced by anthropogenic activities was absorbed by the ocean. This led to a perturbation of the seawater carbonate chemistry resulting in a decrease of the average surface ocean pH by 0.1 and termed ocean acidification (OA). Projections suggest that pCO2 may reach 900 μatm by the end of the twenty-first century lowering the average pH of the surface ocean by 0.4 units. The negative impacts of OA on many species of marine invertebrates such as mollusks, echinoderms, and crustaceans are well documented. However, less attention has been paid to the impacts of low pH on fitness and immune system in crustaceans. Here, we exposed Pacific white shrimps to 3 different pHs (nominal pH 8.0, 7.9, and 7.6) over a 100-days experiment. We found that, even though there were no significant effects on fitness parameters (survival, growth and allometries between length and weight), some immune markers were modified under low pH. A significant decrease in total hemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity was observed in shrimps exposed to pH 7.6 as compared to pH 8.0; and phagocytosis rate significantly decreased with decreasing pH. A significant increase in superoxide production was also observed at pH 7.6 as compared to pH 8.0. All these results suggest that a 100-days exposure to pH 7.6 did not have a direct effect on fitness but lead to a modulation of the immune response.
Modified Bouc-Wen Model Based on Fractional Derivative and Application in Magnetorheological Elastomer
Authors: Yang Shaopu , Wang Peng , Liu Yongqiang , Dong Xufeng , Tong Yu , Zhao Yiwei
Published: October 2021

To accurately characterize the mechanical behavior of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) under a wide range of strain amplitude, excitation frequency, and magnetic field, the viscoelastic fractional derivative was introduced, and a modified Bouc-Wen model based on fractional derivative for MRE in a nonlinear viscoelastic region was established. The Bouc-Wen model can accurately describe the hysteretic characteristics of the MRE nonlinear viscoelastic region, but it cannot accurately simulate magneto-viscoelasticity and frequency dependence. The fractional derivative can express this characteristic with fewer parameters and higher accuracy. The model’s validity was verified by fitting the experimental data of stress and strain measured in shear mode. By analyzing the coupling relationship between the model parameters and strain amplitude, frequency, and magnetic flux densities, a method of parameter identification under multi-loading conditions was proposed, and the modified model parameters were identified. The results reveal that the modified Bouc-Wen model can accurately characterize the mechanical properties of the nonlinear viscoelastic region of MRE, and the fitting accuracy is significantly improved compared with the Bouc-Wen model. The expression of the model parameters obtained from the method of parameter identification under multi-loading conditions is accurate in a wide range of strain amplitude, frequency, and magnetic flux density. The fitness values of simulation data and experimental data under identified and non-identified conditions exceed 90%, showcasing the effectiveness of the modified Bouc-Wen model and the feasibility of the parameter identification method under multi-loading conditions.