bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Separation Exhibits a Sex Dimorphism in Memory Impairments in Adolescent Rats: Acute Methylphenidate Administration as a Treatment
Authors: Borzadaran Fatemeh Mohtashami , Rezakhani Soheila , Kamali Reyhaneh , Esmaeilpour Khadijeh
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Rodents are highly dependent on maternal care after birth. Disturbing mother and pup interactions leads to detrimental alternations for the rat and the mother. Maternal separation (MS) is an accepted model for investigating disruption of mother and pup relationship. In addition to other detrimental effects, MS is a model known to induce permanent changes in learning and memory. Methylphenidate has been effective in memory enhancement in individuals suffering from memory deficits, attention‐deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), as well as healthy subjects for better performance in exams.

Material and Methods

In this research, a 21‐day separation for 3 h was implemented, and the effects of MS on spatial and passive avoidance learning, and memory were evaluated in the mid‐adolescence period of rats, in both males and females. Also, a drug intervention of a high therapeutic dose of 5 mg per kg was used in a five‐day period in different control and MS groups. Morris water maze was utilized for spatial learning and memory analysis, and a shuttle box paradigm was used for passive avoidance learning and memory.

Results

Through our behavioral tests, we have shown that MS can alter spatial learning and memory in males. On the other hand, females are protected from the detrimental effects of MS on spatial learning and memory. Furthermore, passive avoidance learning was not different among groups, be it male or female. However, in the case of memory evaluation in the passive avoidance test, the male did not exhibit a significant difference in step‐through latency. However, maternally separated females had poor performance in the memory phase with shorter step‐through latencies.

Conclusion

Methylphenidate compensated for the deleterious effects of MS on learning and spatial memory for the male group and passive avoidance memory in the female group at the behavioral level.
A Bias‐Corrected Bayesian Nonparametric Model for Combining Studies With Varying Quality in Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Verde Pablo Emilio , Rosner Gary L.
Published: February 2025

Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) approaches for meta‐analysis have been developed to relax distributional assumptions and handle the heterogeneity of random effects distributions. These models account for possible clustering and multimodality of the random effects distribution. However, when we combine studies of varying quality, the resulting posterior is not only a combination of the results of interest but also factors threatening the integrity of the studies' results. We refer to these factors as the studies' internal validity biases (e.g., reporting bias, data quality, and patient selection bias). In this paper, we introduce a new meta‐analysis model called the bias‐corrected Bayesian nonparametric (BC‐BNP) model, which aims to automatically correct for internal validity bias in meta‐analysis by only using the reported effects and their standard errors. The BC‐BNP model is based on a mixture of a parametric random effects distribution, which represents the model of interest, and a BNP model for the bias component. This model relaxes the parametric assumptions of the bias distribution of the model introduced by Verde. Using simulated data sets, we evaluate the BC‐BNP model and illustrate its applications with two real case studies. Our results show several potential advantages of the BC‐BNP model: (1) It can detect bias when present while producing results similar to a simple normal–normal random effects model when bias is absent. (2) Relaxing the parametric assumptions of the bias component does not affect the model of interest and yields consistent results with the model of Verde. (3) In some applications, a BNP model of bias offers a better understanding of the studies' biases by clustering studies with similar biases. We implemented the BC‐BNP model in the R package jarbes, facilitating its practical application.
Mediation Analysis With Exposure–Mediator Interaction and Covariate Measurement Error Under the Additive Hazards Model
Authors: Yan Ying , Shen Lingzhu
Published: February 2025

Causal mediation analysis is a useful tool to examine how an exposure variable causally affects an outcome variable through an intermediate variable. In recent years, there is increasing research interest in mediation analysis with survival data. The existing literature usually requires accurate measurements of the mediator and the confounders, which is infeasible in many biomedical and social science studies. Ignoring measurement errors may lead to misleading inference results. Furthermore, the current identification results of causal effects under the additive hazards model are limited to the scenario with no exposure–mediator interaction, which can be unappealing in mediation analysis. In this paper, we derive the identification results of direct and indirect effects under the additive hazards model in the presence of exposure–mediator interaction. Furthermore, we propose a corrected approach to adjust for the impact of measurement error in the mediator and the confounders and obtain consistent estimations of the direct and indirect effects. The performance of the proposed method is studied in simulation studies and a real data study.
Identification of Chemical Constituents and Rat Metabolites of Jianpihuazhuotiaozhi Granule by Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole‐Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hao Guo‐Dong , Li Zhi‐Qiang , Wang Yu‐Wei , Fang Yuan‐Ying , Li Zhi‐Feng , Wang Qi
Published: February 2025

Jianpihuazhuotiaozhi granules (JPHZTZ) are traditional Chinese medicine formula. An analytical method using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was established to characterize the chemical constituents of JPHZTZ and determine its metabolic profile in rat urine and plasma after oral administration. A total of 220 compounds were identified in JPHZTZ extract, including 61 flavonoids, 16 alkaloids, 53 organic acids, 31 terpenoids, and 59 other compounds. Among these compounds, 11 were tentatively identified by comparing the retention times and mass spectral data with the corresponding reference standards and the literature; the other 209 components were tentatively identified based on their mass spectra alone. After the oral administration of JPHZTZ extract to rats, 13 prototypes and 54 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized based on their retention time and mass spectra. The primary in vivo metabolic reactions that occurred after the administration of JPHZTZ extract included glucuronidation, sulfation, hydroxylation, and methylation. The 13 prototypes and 54 metabolites were identified in rat urine and plasma and were confirmed to be the potential active ingredients of JPHZTZ. Our findings provide a starting point for the further elucidation of the mechanism of action of JPHZTZ.
Stability‐Indicating RP‐HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Quantification of Fluphenazine Tablets in Solid Oral Dosage Form
Authors: Myneni Rama Krishna , Divadari Hareesh , Kasa Srinivasulu , Kamireddy Teja , Sambu Pranitha , Lankalapalli Prasanna Kumar , Chollety Vijaykumar
Published: February 2025

The present manuscript discusses the development of simple, rapid, specific, precision, accuracy stability indicating HPLC method for the analysis of fluphenazine tablets dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved using 0.02‐M phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and adjusted with orthophosphoric acid solution as a buffer. We mixed buffer, methanol, and acetonitrile in the ratio of 500:300:200 (v/v/v) as the mobile phase. The detection of component was made at 254 nm for fluphenazine hydrochloride. We evaluated stress studies under different types of ICH conditions. The optimized HPLC method was validated as per the current ICH guidelines. The validated HPLC method was obtained highly specific with linearity ranging between 2.5 and 120 μg/mL of fluphenazine HCl and the correlation coefficient for the drug > 0.999. The method showed more than 97% accuracy. In stress studies, the fluphenazine HCl was found to be sensitive in photolytic stress conditions and oxidation stress condition. It is a typical antipsychotic drug and used for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The method was found to be suitable for the quality control of fluphenazine hydrochloride in the tablet as well as in stability‐indicating studies. The method was applied to analyze stability samples.
A UHPLC–MS/MS Method Reveals the Pharmacokinetics of Deacetyl Asperulosidic Acid Methyl Ester in Rats
Authors: Guan Huida , Chen Jian , Yin Hao , Feng Xia , Liu Chang , Liu Shanshan , Li Jiacheng , Li Jingchu , Cao Yongbing , Ma Chao
Published: February 2025

In the current study, a simple ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and fully validated for the quantitation of deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester in rat plasma. The plasma sample was precipitated with acetonitrile and then separated on the Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column. The mobile phases, water and acetonitrile, were added with 0.1% formic acid. The mass spectrometry detection was performed in negative‐ion multiple reaction monitoring. In the range of 1–1000 ng/mL, the linearity meets the requirements with correlation coefficient more than 0.99. The parameters of accuracy, precision, carryover, matrix effect, extraction recovery, stability, and dilution integrity are within accepted ranges. The validated method has been successfully used for pharmacokinetic study of deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester in rats. After oral administration, deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester was quickly absorbed into blood and reached the maximum plasma drug concentration of 4047.49 ng/mL at 2 h. The half‐life of deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester is 5.6 h, which suggests that it has a moderate metabolic process. Since the absolute bioavailability of deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester is only 3.74%, its gastrointestinal stability, first‐pass effect, and transmembrane properties remain to be studied.
A Validated Headspace Gas Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Ethyl Alcohol in Food Supplements
Authors: Sel Sedat , Aslan Serap Saglik
Published: February 2025

Food supplements are defined as products containing nutritional elements such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and herbal components that cannot be taken in adequate amounts with normal nutrition. Ethyl alcohol (EtOH) is used in the production and standardization of some food supplements. Even a little MeOH can cause serious health problems in EtOH. Authorized institutions issuing halal product certificates consider foods containing more than 1% alcohol to be haram. In this study, new, reliable, sensitive, and fast GC‐FID and HS GC‐FID methods were developed, validated, and compared to determine the amount of EtOH and MeOH that can be found in food supplements. Chromatographic separation was performed with DB‐WAX (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.5 μm) and TC‐WAX (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.5 μm) in the GC‐FID and HS GCFID methods, respectively. Oven temperature program that increased 5°C/min from 80°C to 100°C in 40:1 split condition was used. The calibration range is 0.002–0.1 g/dL. LOD and LOQ values are found as 0.00036 and 0.00050 g/dL and 0.0011 and 0.0015 g/dL for EtOH and 0.00050 and 0.00060 g/dL and 0.0015 and 0.0019 g/dL for MeOH by GC‐FID and HS GC‐FID methods, respectively. The developed and validated methods were applied to different food supplements commercially sold in the market with the label containing alcohol but not containing alcohol percentage and one food supplement with the label alcohol‐free. The developed and validated GC‐FID and HS GC‐FID methods can be used in the determination of EtOH and MeOH in food supplements.
Determination of Pesticide Residues in Ectoparasiticide‐Impregnated Collars Using Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gomes Pricília Santos Pereira , Santos Luís Fabrício Santana , Navickiene Sandro
Published: February 2025

Ectoparasiticide‐impregnated collars are used on dogs and cats to control zoonoses, acting as repellents and/or killing vectors. The contact of animals or people with pesticides can cause intoxication, so ectoparasiticide‐impregnated collars may be a potentially important source of these compounds. The aim of this work was to develop a method for the determination of propoxur, dichlorvos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, and flumethrin in commercial ectoparasiticide‐impregnated collars, using ultrasound‐assisted extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The total ultrasound extraction time was 45 min, resulting in recovery values between 40 ± 6% and 103 ± 8%, in the concentration range from 0.005 to 1.0 mg L−1. Under optimal conditions, good linearity and sensitivity were obtained in the concentration range from 0.005 to 5.0 mg L−1 with coefficients of determination above 0.99. The relative standard deviations for triplicate determinations were lower than 24%, and the limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges 0.013–1.36 and 0.036–4.13 mg kg−1, respectively. The proposed method was applied in the analysis of a commercial collar, after its expiry date, and flumethrin residues were found.
LGZGD for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine With Modern Research Evidence—A Letter to the Editor
Authors: Wei Lien‐Chung , Chiu Hsien‐Jane
Published: February 2025

This letter responds to recent research on Lingguizhugan decoction (LGZGD) in treating gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). While acknowledging the significance of their findings regarding PI3K‐AKT pathway modulation and oxidative stress reduction, we suggest expanding future research directions. We highlight the importance of incorporating animal models alongside cell studies, considering multiple mechanistic pathways, and integrating traditional Chinese medicine approaches with modern research methodologies. Recent studies on natural antioxidants and traditional Chinese medicines in GDM treatment provide supporting evidence for these recommendations. These perspectives aim to enhance understanding of LGZGD's therapeutic potential and contribute to developing more effective GDM treatments.
Chemical Characterization of Alphitonia neocaledonica (Schltr.) Guillaumin Bark Extract and Its Anti‐Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Huet Karl , Georgel Philippe , Nour Mohammed , Haddad Mohamed , Hnawia Edouard , Matsui Mariko
Published: February 2025

Alphitonia neocaledonica (Schltr.) Guillaumin is a small forest tree endemic of New Caledonia traditionally used to treat rheumatic pain and dermatoses. Very few studies described biological activities and phytochemical composition of this plant. This study aims to investigate the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐gout activities of A. neocaledonica bark extract (ANBE) and its chemical composition. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐differentiated THP‐1 macrophages and LPS/monosodium urate (MSU)‐treated THP‐1 model reproducing gout in vitro were used. Chemical analyses were undertaken using liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) approaches. Dose‐dependent inhibitory effects of ANBE on inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐(IL‐)1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were observed. Inhibition of LPS/MSU‐dependent IL‐1β at 1 and 10 µg/mL was also reported. Chemical analyses by LC–HRMS allowed us to putatively identify some features such as epigallocatechin, iridoid‐ and flavonoid‐glycosides, oligopeptides, and triterpenoids in ANBE. These results provide some cues in favor of traditional uses of ANBE and support the need of further bioactivities and chemical investigations.
Genotype, Environment, and Heavy Metals: Variability of the Content of Elements in 40 Potato Varieties From Central‐Eastern Poland
Authors: Sawicka Barbara , Pszczółkowski Piotr , Messaoudi Mohammed , Skiba Dominika , Barbaś Piotr , Krochmal‐Marczak Barbara , Noaema Ali Hulail
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the accumulation of toxic heavy metals (HMs)—cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and strontium (Sr)—in potato tubers grown under diverse meteorological and soil conditions in Central‐Eastern Poland. Conducted from 2021 to 2023 at the Variety Assessment Experimental Station in Uhnin on light acidic soil, the field experiment employed a randomized block design with three replications. Forty potato cultivars of varying maturity were evaluated, with agronomic practices adhering to GAP and uniform fertilization applied. Potato tubers were exposed to thermal neutron flux for 2 h. Gamma radiation detection was conducted using a high‐purity germanium (HPGe) detector cooled with liquid nitrogen to enhance resolution. The study highlights significant phenotypic variability in HM accumulation, influenced by genetic, environmental, and genotype × environment interaction factors. Results showed substantial effects of cultivar, year, and their interactions, with varieties (V) accounting for 8.7%–36.2% of the variance, environmental factors (Y) contributing 41.2%–82.2%, and genotype × environment interactions (V × Y) ranging from 5.5% to 46.7%. Year‐to‐year variability was most pronounced for lead, whereas nickel showed the least variability. Soil pH and humus played a key role in shaping the bioavailability and accumulation of metals in potato tubers.
Pt(II) Complexes Showing Multicolor Emissions from Nanoparticles in Solution and Reversible Grinding‐ and Heating‐Induced Luminescence Switching in Solid State
Authors: Lv Xin‐Tong , Zheng Dong , Wan Fu‐Shun , Liu Yi‐Lei , Guo Zi‐Hao , Cao Deng‐Ke , Yang Xiao‐Liang
Published: February 2025

To well understand luminescence modulation of Pt(II) complexes by inter‐molecular interactions, three platinum complexes [Pt(moppy)Cl(L)] have been synthesized (Scheme 1) through incorporating the same C^N ligand moppyH=2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)pyridine, while different auxillary ligands L: SEt2 in 1, iccy=isocyanocyclohexane in 2, and icna=isocyanonaphthalene in 3. Crystal structures indicate that neighbouring molecules are connected through π⋅⋅⋅π interactions, forming supramolecular dimer structures in both 1 and 2, while supramolecular chain structure in 3. In a CH3CN‐H2O mixed solvent, complexes 1–3 reveal enhanced luminescence due to nanoparticle formation. Upon increasing water fraction from 0 % to 90 %, complex 1 exhibits increasing green luminescence with two broad emissions at 450 and 516 nm. In contrast, both 2 and 3 show multicolour emissions, transiting from blue to yellow‐green for 2, and from blue green to orange red for 3. Moreover, complex 3 exhibits reversible luminescence switching between on state with orange‐red emission and off state upon alternately grinding and heating. In this paper, we discuss the influences of molecular structures and inter‐molecular π⋅⋅⋅π and Pt−Pt interactions on luminescence behaviours of complexes 1–3.
Amine‐Imine Tautomeric Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Alcohol and Anion Recognition
Authors: Mahato Bidyadhar , Dinda Susanta , Maiti Anupam , Kumar Rakesh , Ghoshal Debajyoti
Published: February 2025

To study the amine‐imine tautomeric alteration through excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), three amine‐functionalized metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been synthesized by using two different metal ions and neutral linkers along with same ESIPT‐enable anionic linker through the slow diffusion process. All the MOFs have 2D structure with asymmetric units of {[Mn(2,6‐dip)(2‐atp)](H2O)(CH3OH)}n (1), {[Mn(3,5‐dip)(2‐atp)](solvent)x}n (2) and {Zn2(3,5‐dip)2(2‐atp)(μ2‐O2−)](solvent)x}n (3) (where 2,6‐dip=2,6‐di(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)pyridine, 3,5‐dip=3,5‐di(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)pyridine, 2‐atp=2‐amino terephthalic acid). The 2D networks of desolvated form of compound 1, 2, and 3 show water influencing proton transfer for amine‐imine tautomerism in excited state through the ionic interaction with water molecules to the frameworks. However, in case of polar small chain aliphatic alcohols like methanol, ethanol and isopropanol; the compounds do not show any dual emissive ESIPT but exhibit three different intensified single peaks for each of the compounds. This different emission intensity in presence of different alcohols are helpful to detect these alcohols selectively. In addition to that in case of all three compounds, the water assisted‐ESIPT is interrupted by some strong oxidizing agents like CrO42−, Cr2O72− and MnO4− ions. This phenomenon allows the method of detection for the aforesaid oxidizing ions in water by interruption of the dual emissive fluorescence.
Charge‐Segregated Ion‐Pairing Assemblies Comprising Dipolar π‐Electronic Cations
Authors: Yamasumi Kazuhisa , Horita Hiroki , Haketa Yohei , Seki Shu , Bulgarevich Kirill , Takimiya Kazuo , Shimogawa Hiroyuki , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: February 2025

Two pentamethine dyes with nearly identical structures but slightly different dipole moments were prepared as ion pairs. The ion pairs provided charge‐segregated assemblies stabilized by dipole–dipole interactions between the positively charged π‐electronic systems. The stacking structure of the bromo‐substituted pentamethine cation was more stabilized by a larger dipole moment, as suggested by energy decomposition analysis. Depending on the packing arrangements, highly electric conductive properties were observed owing to charge‐segregated structures, as also correlated with the theoretically estimated transfer integrals.
Biomass‐Derived Cu‐Catalyzed General C—X (X = C, N, O) Bond Formation: Carbenoid Insertion Reactions of C—H, N—H, O—H Bond and Late‐stage Functionalization of Drug Molecules†
Authors: Qin Fuhua , Xue Wenxuan , Tang Conghui
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

The development of sustainable and efficient catalytic systems for the formation C—C, C—N, C—O bonds is a fundamental goal in modern synthetic chemistry. We present a biomass‐derived Cu/Chitosan‐800 catalyst that facilitates a range of carbenoid insertion reactions into C—H, N—H, and O—H bonds. This catalyst demonstrates remarkable activity, enabling the functionalization of diverse substrates, including the late‐stage modification of drug molecules with up to 95% yield and good recyclability. Our findings highlight the catalyst's potential in advancing environmentally friendly chemical transformations, offering a promising tool for pharmaceutical synthesis and organic synthesis.
HSPG2 could promote normal haematopoiesis in acute myeloid leukaemia patients after complete remission by repairing bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Li Chen‐Yuan , Wang Zhen‐Kun , Xing Tong , Shen Meng‐Zhu , Zhang Xin‐Yan , Chen Dan‐Dan , Wang Yu , Jiang Hao , Jiang Qian , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Kong Yuan
Published: February 2025

Background

Even after achieving complete remission (CR), many acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients suffer from poor haematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy. Previous studies have shown that the damage of bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell (BM EPC) hinders haematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy in mice. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanism and repair strategy of chemotherapy‐induced BM EPC damage is urgent needed.

Methods

The prospective case–control study enrolled 40 AML patients after CR (CR patients), who received idarubicin and cytarabine (IA) regimen (n = 20), or homoharringtonine, aclarubicin and cytarabine (HAA) regimen (n = 20) as induction chemotherapy, and their age‐matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 20). The HSPG2 expression level in BM EPCs and BM plasma were determined via flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The BM EPC's functions were evaluated by apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, migration and tube formation assays. The haematopoiesis‐supporting ability and leukaemia cell‐supporting ability of BM EPCs were assessed through coculture assay. Moreover, RNA sequencing and qPCR were performed to further explore the underlying mechanism.

Results

HSPG2 levels decreased in both the BM plasma and BM EPCs of CR patients after IA and HAA induction chemotherapy. Moreover, the BM EPC's functions of CR patients were reduced. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the HSPG2 gene knockdown or cytosine arabinoside treatment led to BM EPC dysfunction, whereas the HSPG2 treatment promoted repair of the BM EPC function in vitro. In addition, we found that the HSPG2 treatment restored the BM EPC function from CR patients without affecting their leukaemia cell‐supporting ability. Mechanistically, BM EPC functions and haematopoietic regulation‐related genes were significantly decreased after the HSPG2 gene knockdown.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate a significant role of HSPG2 in BM EPC functions. This discovery uncovers that HSPG2 is a potential therapeutic target for promoting the BM EPC function of AML‐CR patients after chemotherapy.

Highlights

The HSPG2 level in the BM EPCs of AML‐CR patients was decreased, which was related to the reduced BM EPC function.

HSPG2 knockdown or Ara‐C intervention reduced the HSPG2 level and led to BM EPC dysfunction, which could be restored by HSPG2 treatment in vitro.

HSPG2 treatment restored the BM EPC function of AML‐CR patients without affecting their leukaemia cell‐supporting ability.
A 3D High‐Resolution Joint Location and Beamforming Prediction Model for IRS‐Aided Wireless Networks
Authors: Ranjan Mati Gyana , Das Susmita
Published: February 2025

Fifth generation and beyond (5GB) technology requires low latency, high capacity, and constant connectivity for safety and reliable service. Multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) and millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies can help meet these needs. However, MIMO can cause extra overhead due to massive channel feedback, and mmWave signals weaken over short distances, leading to limited coverage. Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) and highly directive active beamforming are recommended to address coverage and overhead issues. Most IRS research focuses on optimizing phase shifts in two dimensions. This paper introduces a three‐dimensional model to jointly evaluate user location and IRS phase shift optimization. Additionally, phase constants are derived from optimal phase shifts to limit training overhead. A random forest learning algorithm is proposed, using optimal phase constants and codebook indices to train for each estimated location. Data transmission utilizes the Doppler effect to predict the possible locations of a user. In this way, the trained model can perform high‐resolution joint beamforming for the current and future locations of the user. Simulation results show that the model accurately predicts phase shifts without needing channel state information while keeping complexity and training overhead low.
Validating Online Parent‐ and Self‐Report Screening Methods for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Authors: Ortiz Shelby N. , White Jennifer P. , MacDermod Casey M. , Dinkler Lisa , Thornton Laura M. , Johnson Jessica , Guintivano Jerry D. , Baker Jessica H. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Micali Nadia , Pisetsky Emily M.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Although several assessments have been developed to diagnose or measure avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) symptoms, few studies have validated these tools in nonclinical and adult samples. This study explored the validity of two self‐ and parent/guardian‐report ARFID screening measures in identifying adults and children who may have ARFID within a large community sample.

Method

Fifty participants (divided into two groups: 25 adults and 25 parents/guardians of children) were selected from the ARFID Genes and Environment study, which enrolled over 3000 adults and parents/guardians of children who screened positive for ARFID on either the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview–ARFID Questionnaire (PARDI‐AR‐Q) or the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS) self‐ and parent/guardian‐report measures. Participants then completed the ARFID portion of the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI) to determine ARFID diagnosis.

Results

Correlations between the PARDI‐AR‐Q and PARDI (r = 0.31–0.67) were weaker than the correlations between the NIAS and PARDI (r = 0.53–0.64) in both groups. The diagnostic positive predictive value for the PARDI‐AR‐Q was numerically higher (adults = 55.0%; parents/guardians = 76.0%) than the NIAS (adults = 45.8%; parents/guardians = 64.0%). Most PARDI‐AR‐Q dimensions and all NIAS dimensions were significant predictors of their corresponding PARDI dimensions in both groups.

Discussion

The PARDI‐AR‐Q more accurately identified adults and children with ARFID, whereas the NIAS was a better estimator of ARFID symptoms. These findings provide partial support for using these self‐ and parent/guardian‐report screeners. Results highlight the need to better understand diagnostic presentations of ARFID within community samples, particularly in adults, and to refine these tools within those populations.
Seasonal Variation in the β‐Diversity of Periphytic Algae and Its Response to Landscape Patterns in the Chishui River, a Naturally Flowing Tributary of the Upper Yangtze River
Authors: Tang Xiaopeng , He Haoyun , Qin Qiang , Xu Fei , Liu Fei , Zhang Fubin
Published: February 2025

Understanding biodiversity is essential for preserving the stability of river ecosystems. However, the impact of landscape configurations and seasonal variations on biodiversity within undammed river ecosystems remains unexplored. Therefore, we selected the Chishui River—a naturally flowing tributary of the upper Yangtze River—for a survey of periphytic algae. The present study focuses on the seasonal fluctuations in the β‐diversity of periphytic algae within the Chishui River and its correlation with the surrounding landscape patterns. Our findings indicate that there is a substantial influence of seasonal variations on the community structure and β‐diversity of these algae within the Chishui River ecosystem. Concurrently, we observed that the turnover component predominantly contributes to β‐diversity. In light of these findings, we recommend that conservation measures be implemented across the entire Chishui River basin to safeguard the regional biodiversity. Redundancy analysis elucidated that water temperature, conductivity, and pH were the primary environmental drivers shaping the structure of periphytic algal communities. Furthermore, additional analyses using a random forest model indicated that landscape fragmentation and complexity were key determinants of β‐diversity in algal communities. Notably, the number of landscape patches was strongly correlated with the β‐diversity of periphytic algae. It is important to highlight that maintaining an optimal balance between the number of patches and their size is crucial for enhancing the ecosystem's capacity to preserve biodiversity. In summary, our findings provide insights into the interplay between biodiversity and land‐use practices within complex riverine environments, thereby offering a scientific foundation for the conservation and management of these ecosystems.
Synthesis of Benzoxazoles by Metal‐Free Oxidative Cyclization of Catechols with Amines
Authors: Liu Feng , Wang Wan , Dong Jianyu , Wu Shaofeng , Su Lebin , Zhou Yongbo
Published: February 2025

Benzoxazoles are crucial in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. Their simple, economical, green, and efficient synthesis has attracted long‐standing interest in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we present an extremely simple strategy for constructing benzoxazoles via the direct oxidative cyclization of readily available catechols and primary amines, using DDQ/EA and O₂/water oxidative systems, respectively. The DDQ/EA system demonstrates distinct advantages in substrate and functional group compatibility. In contrast, the O₂/water system, which is milder, greener, and more economical, excels in synthesizing C‐2 alkyl‐substituted benzoxazoles. Overall, these two systems provide complementary advantages and are both well‐suited for gram‐scale synthesis. Given its high simplicity and practicality, this strategy could serve as a promising alternative in benzoxazole synthesis.
Practical experience and challenges in nutritional management of glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome: Provider survey results
Authors: Lehner‐Gulotta Diana , Blackford Robyn , Bessone Stacey , Lowman Wesley , Haggerty Nicole , Huang Chu‐Yi , Axeen Erika T. ,   the Ketogenic Dietitians Research Network
Published: February 2025

Ketogenic diets (KDs) are recommended as precision therapy for glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT‐1 DS) but there are no recommendations for optimal implementation in this population. We administered an online survey targeting clinicians with experience implementing KDs in GLUT‐1 DS, focusing on diet selection, initiation, and management. Respondents were primarily experienced registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) from 34 centers in 10 countries. Most reported a preference for carbohydrate counting or ratios under 3:1. KD‐related laboratory monitoring (including blood ketones) and vitamin/mineral supplementation did not differ for GLUT‐1 DS patients compared to the epilepsy population. Routine use of exogenous ketones was not endorsed for improved ketosis, whereas MCT oil is a commonly used supplement. Respondents overwhelmingly endorsed discussing and implementing gastrostomy feedings to support continued dietary therapy when medically indicated. Most but not all providers (80%) were familiar with the 2020 consensus guidelines. Our survey demonstrates practice variability among experienced dietitians, particularly in diet type and ratio. Identified challenges carry clinical significance, as the diet is a precision therapy in GLUT1‐DS. Further research is needed to examine the outcomes of different approaches to KDs in GLUT‐1 DS before consensus about the most effective interventions can be reached.

Plain Language Summary

Glucose transporter deficiency syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an inability to move sugar (glucose) into the brain, which is needed for proper brain function. Ketogenic diets (low in carbohydrate and high in fat) are the established treatment to help control symptoms. Although the diet is effective, it can be challenging. To understand these challenges, we surveyed experts in ketogenic diet management and found significant variability regarding specifics of how the diet is managed. More research is needed before one approach can be endorsed as most effective.
Performance Analysis of Binary and Ternary Blends of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Diesel in Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Kumar Laveet , Sleiti Ahmad K.
Published: February 2025

Compression ignition (CI) engines have caused a surge in carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Therefore, binary blends of hydrogen (H2) and diesel in different ratios are predominantly focused in literature to mitigate these emissions. Extensive research has been carried out using binary blends of H2 and diesel, but still, there is a lack of research on performance analysis of binary and ternary blends of ammonia (NH3), H2, and diesel in CI engines. Therefore, this research article examines various blends to determine various key performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake torque, brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and NOx emissions with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). This research introduces a model of a single‐cylinder CI engine developed within the Ricardo wave program, which was simulated across a range of ratios for binary and ternary blends. The simulations were conducted at a compression ratio of 21 and engine speed from 500 to 3000 rpm. Validation of the developed model is carried out against experimental data reported in the literature, and the absolute error was less than 5%, which validates the accuracy of the developed model. Results show that the BTE increases rapidly from 28% to 38% for the investigated binary blends (with 10% NH3 to 90%) and 25% to 40% for the investigated ternary blended fuels at engine load from 500 to 2000 rpm, respectively. The maximum efficiency is observed in the case of 50% diesel and 50% NH3 (D50A50) for the binary blends and 50% diesel, 25% NH3 and 25% H2 (D50A25H25) for the ternary blends. However, D50A50 and D50A25H25 exhibit 20% and 30% increased levels of NOx compared to diesel, respectively, particularly at higher engine speeds. However, when EGR is implemented at 25%, there is a substantial reduction in NOx concentration.
The Coating Effect of Persian Gum (Zedo Gum) Containing Lactobacillus sakei on the Beef Quality Parameters During Storage at Refrigerator Temperature
Authors: Nemati Mohammad Hasan , Alian Samakkhah Shohreh , Partovi Razieh , Isvand Abbas
Published: February 2025

Coatings with antibacterial properties, integrated with biological agents, offer a novel and promising strategy for preserving meat products. This study investigates the effect of Persian gum (PG) coating containing Lactobacillus sakei bacteria on beef quality during refrigerated storage. Beef loin pieces were divided into five groups (control, 1% PG, 2% PG, and 1% and 2% PG with L. sakei bacteria). The groups were evaluated for microbial, chemical, and sensory tests at specific periods (days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8). The results of the microbial analysis (the mean LAB count) revealed that the quality of meat significantly (p < 0.05) improved in the presence of L. sakei coatings, ranging from 6.08 to 7.31 log10 CFU/g in different treatment groups at the end of the experiment. Additionally, coatings containing L. sakei significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the microbial counts of mesophilic, psychrophilic, and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, resulting in an extended shelf life of at least 8 days. The chemical findings indicated that increases in pH values (ranging from 5.98 to 6.57), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) levels (from 18.30 to 32.33 mg N/g), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) (from 2.16 to 4.12 mg MDA/kg), and protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations (from 1.33 to 2.05 nmol/mg protein) during storage at 4°C were ranked as follows: PG 2% + L. sakei < PG 1% + L. sakei < PG 2% < PG 1% < control. Additionally, overall acceptability, texture, odor, and color were significantly higher in the groups coated with L. sakei than in other groups. Based on the results, the groups covered with PG and L. sakei indicated that the quality and safety of beef increased and extended the shelf life of meat. In conclusion, PG solution containing L. sakei bacteria can be recommended as a new method for beef packaging.
Relating Functional Connectivity and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Derivation of Relevance Maps for Regions and Connections
Authors: Bottino Marco , Bocková Natálie , Poller Nico W. , Smolka Michael N. , Böhmer Justin , Walter Henrik , Marxen Michael
Published: February 2025

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), a prevalent and potentially severe psychiatric condition, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. This systematic review investigates the relationship between AUD and resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search yielded 248 papers, and a screening process identified 39 studies with 73 relevant analyses. Using the automated anatomical labeling atlas for whole‐brain parcellation, relevance maps were generated to quantify associations between brain regions and their connections with AUD. These outcomes are based on the frequency with which significant findings are reported in the literature, to deal with the challenge of methodological diversity between analyses, including sample sizes, types of independent rsFC features, and AUD measures. The analysis focuses on whole‐brain studies to mitigate selection biases associated with seed‐based approaches. The most frequently reported regions include the middle and superior frontal gyri, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the insula. The generated relevance maps can serve as a valuable tool for formulating hypotheses and advancing our understanding of AUD's neural correlates in the future. This work also provides a template on how to quantitatively summarize a diverse literature, which could be applied to more specific aspects of AUD, including craving, relapse, binge drinking, or other diseases.
Hydraulic Performance of Measurement‐Control Integrated Side Sluice Gates Under Subcritical Flow Conditions
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Wu Wenyong , Li Ziming , Hu Yaqi , Guo Aike
Published: February 2025

The lack of a precise flow measurement device for terminal irrigation channel diversion often results in significant inaccuracies. To address this issue, a wide‐bottom sill flow measurement device, the ‘measurement‐control integrated side sluice gate’ (MCIS), was developed to facilitate accurate flow measurement. This study investigated the hydraulic characteristics and mechanism of lateral flow in the MCIS, including flow regimes, changes in water surface profiles and assessments of head losses. Discharge equations for the MCIS were then created via dimensional analysis and multiple nonlinear regression, and their accuracy was assessed and validated. The findings reveal that at high relative openings (e/H1), the flow through the MCIS follows weir flow characteristics, whereas at low e/H1 ratios, it exhibits orifice flow behaviour. The transition point between these flow regimes, identified as the critical relative opening (e/H1)c, is 0.84. The overall accuracy of flow measurement using the MCIS gate structure is 4%, with the weir flow equation achieving an average accuracy of 1.4%, surpassing the accuracy of the rectangular sharp‐crested side weir flow measurement equation by more than 2.5 times. Similarly, the average accuracy of the orifice flow equation is 4%, which is 1.1 times higher than that of the rectangular spire side orifice.
Genomic landscaping of receptor tyrosine kinase ALK with highly frequent rearrangements in cancers
Authors: Ye Wei , Ou Wen‐Bin
Published: February 2025

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion tyrosine kinases (TKs) are commonly found in various cancers and are considered as promising targets for therapy due to their intricate biological processes. However, the reasons for the higher frequency of ALKs fusion compared to other TKs are not well elucidated. Physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structures, and phylogenetic trees, along with protein sequence alignments of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and ALK fused partner genes, were examined using the resources provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). Sequence alignments were performed to identify common sequences between partner genes and search for common breakpoints within the COSMIC database. ALK is a large, unstable, acidic protein with similarly conservation among RTKs. ALK fusion partners are mostly acidic, unstable proteins, mostly consisting of α‐helices and random coil. However, EML4 and NPM1 are the most frequently occurring partner genes and have their own unique structural characteristics. By functional domain analysis, we found that the functions of the first half of the ALK partner gene (the part fused to ALK) are mostly focused on signaling. ALK is identified as a large hydrophilic protein，exhibits a higher proportion of random coils. Compared to other RTKs, ALK has fewer structural domains (PTKC_ALK_LTK domain). Pairwise comparison with fusion partner genes revealed a conserved sequence predicted to have structural stability and act as a common binding site for nucleases. Exon 20 of ALK is a fusion frequent site according to COSMIC database analysis. The structural instability of ALK and partner genes, coupled with the inherent variability of breakpoint sequences, leads to the formation of potent kinase‐activated oncogenes, which play a critical role in tumorigenesis. While the occurrence of ALK fusions with partner genes is random, specific combinations lead to the generation of oncogenes.
Global prevalence of advanced HIV disease in healthcare settings: a rapid review
Authors: Ford Nathan , Kassanjee Reshma , Stelzle Dominik , Jarvis Joseph N , Sued Omar , Perrin Georges , Doherty Meg , Rangaraj Ajay
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Recent studies have indicated a high enduring burden of advanced HIV disease, but estimates across regions and settings are lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of advanced HIV disease since 2015 among those people with CD4 measured in healthcare settings, disaggregated by age group, level of healthcare and region.

Methods

We searched MedLine via Pubmed and Hinari for studies that reported the proportion of individuals with advanced HIV disease (defined as CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm3) in healthcare settings since 2015; this search was complemented by conference abstracts and data from the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS Consortium (IeDEA). We estimated pooled prevalence of advanced HIV disease using random‐effects models and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore heterogeneity.

Results

We obtained data from 117 cohorts, representing 1,814,362 individuals from 52 countries across all six World Health Organization regions. The majority of studies (n = 83) were conducted among adults and recorded CD4 cell count among treatment naïve individuals at antiretroviral therapy start (n = 86). Studies included data reported up to 2023. The proportion of individuals with advanced HIV disease was higher in inpatient settings (44.3%, 95% CI 39.1−49.6%) compared to outpatient settings (33.5%, 95% CI 31.5−35.4%). Prevalence was similar across age groups, time since HIV diagnosis and treatment status, and highest in West and Central Africa, South‐East Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Discussion

This review finds that at least a third of people presenting to healthcare settings have advanced HIV disease, with no evidence that this has changed in recent years. Screening for advanced HIV remains important to be able to direct appropriate preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to prevent progression to severe illness and death.

Conclusions

This review summarizes recent evidence of the continued high proportion of individuals who (re)present to care with advanced HIV disease. These findings underscore the urgent need to reinforce programme capacity to diagnose, prevent and treat advanced HIV disease as an essential pillar of the global AIDS response.