bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding resource discovery design requirements for a statewide virtual library: Application of a technology adoption indicator
Authors: Murray Kathleen R. , Moen William E.
Published: January 2005

The Texas Center for Digital Knowledge investigated academic and public libraries in Texas to determine technology characteristics in accord with the rate of a library's technology adoption. The study investigated technology differences between early, middle, and late technology adopters. A technology adoption indicator (TAI) was developed and used to classify libraries into one of the three adoption categories. Significant differences based on technology adoption were found for the four technology variables measured. The design implications of the differential characteristics for a statewide virtual library resource discovery service were identified.
Leveraging the power of diversity to create effective and empowering technology
Authors: Nair Sarita , Flansburg Sundra , Hanson Katherine
Published: January 2005

Very little existing research has comprehensively examined the impact of new technologies on teaching and learning. Looking beyond the “training” of users to access and use ICTs, the work of the Gender, Diversities, and Technology Institute looks at how emerging technologies can be more effectively utilized to meet the needs of diverse learners—in effect humanizing technology. This paper reviews learning arising from a range of the Institute's research and practice, including large‐scale digital resource development that builds in accessibility and usability, online learning that engages learners and other stakeholders in creating equitable learning experiences, and ecommunications that incorporates and responds to issues arising at the intersection of gender and culture. Together, this work has raised new questions that lead to a re‐examination of the relationship between “users” and “developers,” as well as a need to look at the development process itself. The need to not only engage diverse users in the design and development process, but to also actively search for and build on the different starting points that arise from these diverse users is at the core of work to humanize technology and its impacts.
The role of context in search: Examining the effect of subject domain on the search interface
Authors: Toms Elaine G. , Freund Luanne , Bartlett Joan C. , Kopak Rick
Published: January 2005

Using a 48‐person group in a within‐subjects design, we investigated how people search differently within diverse domains: consumer health, shopping, travel and general research. Our goal was to identify the distinctive characteristics of search behavior within each domain that impact the design of the search interface.
It takes a village: Student chapter survival and success
Authors: Jenkins Diane , Castledine John R. , Galaviz Lisa , Williams Teresa
Published: January 2005

Many student chapters of professional organizations like ASIS&T can have difficulty sustaining membership, educational support, financial resources, and chapter competitiveness. Some organizations are more successful than others in sustaining student chapters. Since student chapter membership and activity are important contributors to parent organization long‐term survival, growth, and success, it is essential to identify student chapter problems and take steps to solve them. Current trends in scholarly collaboration and distance education, assisted by technical networking advances, can provide methods for linking student chapters to help each other with problem‐solving through “intellectual proximity” (Weedman, 1999). We can form a collaborative community that will work together to improve the chances of long‐term chapter survival and success. Such an environment will also provide opportunities for inter‐institution research, creativity, and socialization (Students, 1998). We will invite other student chapters of ASIS&T to join this network, using existing Internet technology such as WebCT, Yahoo Groups, and email listservs to create a “virtual village” for all student chapters. If successful, this collective Village has the potential to become a permanent Internet service for ASIS&T student membership.
Measuring profitability impacts of information technology: Use of risk adjusted measures
Authors: Singh Anil , Harmon Glynn
Published: January 2005

This study focuses on understanding how investments in information technology are reflected in the income statements and balance sheets of firms. Today, little doubt exists that information technology is being used by organizations in a wide variety of settings and ways and that information technology is critical for the smooth operation of many organizations. Further, a strong body of research exists showing that information technology usage is positively correlated with organizational productivity. However, empirical evidence of information technology contributing to corporate profitability has not been forthcoming. Although the income statements, balance sheets, and cash‐flow statements all together summarize the financial structure, health and profitability of firms but still much doubt and confusion exists over the impacts of information technology usage on a firm's “hard” numbers such as revenues, cost, profit margins, or financial ratios and structure. So far, only a few studies have found a significant positive relationship between information technology and some aspect of corporate profitability. The present research argues that the inability of earlier studies to identify the relationship between information technology investments and bottom‐line performance is in part because of methodological reasons. This study first defines and develops risk‐adjusted measures of corporate profitability. Then, it examines the income statements and balance sheets of more than 500 firms that are leading users of information technology for the period 1988‐98. Finally, the study shows that the relationship between information technology investments and corporate profitability is much better explained by using risk‐adjusted measures of corporate profitability than using the same measures of corporate profitability but unadjusted for risk.
Draw and tell: Children as designers of web interfaces
Authors: Bilal Dania
Published: January 2005

Eleven middle school children were involved in designing interfaces for Web search engines. Children were given the role of “designers” of the interfaces rather than “reactionaries” to existing ones. Using a participatory approach, children created eleven paper prototypes for Web search engines based on their needs and knowledge structure and they transcribed the purposes of these interfaces. The prototypes were analyzed in relation to content‐related spaces, specific spaces, general spaces, instruction spaces, and other spaces. Children's comments about the purposes of the interfaces were analyzed in terms of functionality and visual design. This study describes the prototypes children created and highlights the need for designing Web search engine interfaces that provide high usability for children and with children.
Children as designers of web portals
Authors: Large Andrew , Beheshti Jamshid , Nesset Valerie , Bowler Leanne
Published: January 2005

This paper describes and discusses the process undertaken by a design team comprising both elementary school students and researchers to design a web portal intended for use by children. The team of eight grade‐six students and three researchers met twice per week over 12 sessions to design a low‐tech prototype. The approach adopted by the team was based upon several design theories related to usability studies: contextual inquiry, participatory design and cooperative inquiry. The advantages of such an inter‐generational approach to portal design are presented as well as some of its problems.
Electronic library: A TERI experiment
Authors: Kar Debal C , Deb Subrata , Kumar Satish
Published: January 2005

Electronic library provides access to richer content in a more structured manner and allows us to search for any word or phrase in the entire collection. The need is to provide online easy, ceaseless access, with multiple users read facility to electronic collections from researchers' desktop or from remote Internet computers. It also helps save researchers' and library's time with improved quality. In TERI, except the Digitization of documents, unless demanded, all other forms of Electronic sources have been taken care of. The activity started with various virtual ELs i.e. Internet sources, together, has now crystallized to more or less a fullfledged EL that can be browsed as well as searched in a database. Electronic Services like Current Awareness and Alerts services apart from establishing a Virtual Information Centre has further supplemented the EL. Physical Electronic Library has been created to address the access to all the LAN connected systems that provides CD‐ROM access and journals downloaded and placed on the server for all time free access. Once any document or journal is downloaded and linked, it is announced by e‐mail for the user access. Users' views have been incorporated to make the system user friendly, leading to the higher rate of user satisfaction and increased information usage. Future plan is to make the whole resources dynamic in nature. The whole resources are maintained in a database. It can be said that the future of Library has no escape from than to the Electronic Library.
Procedures for mapping vocabularies from non‐professional discourse a case study: “Consumer medical vocabulary”
Authors: Tse Tony , Soergel Dagobert
Published: January 2005

Non‐professionals are often unable to access or comprehend information in specialized domains because of technical terminology. Understanding domain‐specific vocabulary commonly used by laypersons will help bridge this gap. This paper describes in detail a methodology for collecting and extracting linguistic forms from documents authored by healthcare consumers. The forms were mapped to concepts and the resulting terms were analyzed. Although the case study uses examples from a “consumer medical vocabulary,” the procedures are applicable to investigating non‐professional vocabularies in other domains.
The role of special language in relation to knowledge organization
Authors: Thellefsen Martin
Published: January 2005

The organization of knowledge has always been a core activity within IS. Knowledge organization is the very foundation that makes information seeking possible. However, the tradition and research within IS is still influenced by the construction perspective, which means that the main concern regarding knowledge organization is focused on the construction of systems, i.e. cataloguing systems, classifying systems and thesaurus construction. This paper argues that knowledge organization must encompass theories that focus on the more fundamental and less technical view and raises the questions of epistemology and general linguistic theoryi, i.e. with attendance to language and meaning. So, the crucial task in contemporary knowledge organization theory must be how to create a framework for knowledge organization based upon the nature of a given discourse community and upon methods to reveal its knowledge structures. This paper focuses on the meaning aspect of language and the terminological aspect of knowledge organization. The paper argues that knowledge organization deals with terminological representations and linguistic statements, which include documents, document surrogates (the bibliographic record) and subject representations. Therefore, theories of terminology, language and meaning, and special languageiiare considered in order to create a framework for special language studies within IS.
Identification of effective predictive variables for document qualities
Authors: Ng Kwong Bor , Tang Rong , Small Sharon , Strzalkowski Tomek , Kantor Paul , Rittman Robert , Song Peng , Sun Ying , Wacholder Nina
Published: January 2005

We analyzed textual properties of documents to identify predictive variables for various document qualities by means of statistical and linguistic methods. We have created a collection of 1000 documents, each document has been judged in terms of nine document qualities (accuracy, reliability, objectivity, depth, author/producer credibility, readability, verbosity and conciseness, grammatical correctness, one‐sided or multiview.) Employing statistical analyses, we considered a kind of linear combination, asking (1) if it was possible to combine textual features linearly to predict document qualities; (2) what textual features had good predictive power; (3) what textual features were minimally required for prediction with a detection rate much better than the false alarm rate. We present several promising results, indicating that with a few number of textual features, we can predict various document qualities much better than chance.
The effect of individual differences on searching the web
Authors: Madjid Ihadjadene , Stéphane Chaudiron , Daniel Martins
Published: January 2005

This paper reports results from a project which sought to investigate the influence of two types of expertise – the knowledge of the search domain and the experience of the Web search engines ‐ on the use of a Web search engine, called Exalead, by a panel of students. Forty six students (twenty four undergraduate students in psychology and twenty two undergraduates in other disciplines) were asked to give correct answers to eight questions about definitions of psychology concepts, without any time constraint. Results show that participants with good knowledge in the domain on the one hand and participants with high experience of the Web on the other had the best performances. Participants with low experience of the Web showed less effectiveness than the other participants. Future research is proposed to know the best aids to users of information retrieval systems.
Indexed ideational shifts in theIndex‐Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon‐General's Office of the United States Army
Authors: Lussky Joan
Published: January 2005

The scientific endeavor is influenced by scholarly trends, in that researchers have a tendency to use the hot, new scientific ideas to try and explain their own research. The work presented here focuses in on this tendency and attempts to measure the sensitivity of the indexing ofIndex‐Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon‐General's Office of the United States Army(Index Cat) to new knowledge. The title indexing of the first three series of the Index Cat clearly reflects a shift in thinking surrounding the use of the germ theory in explaining the causes of various diseases. Title words that convey the idea of germs and the role germs play in disease occur at a much higher level towards the end of the 19thcentury, i.e., post‐discovery of the germ theory. Not only is this affect apparent in the indexing of diseases that scholars today agree are germ based, but also in the indexing of diseases that are not now considered to be germ based. The data suggest that scientists are quick to apply the new knowledge inherent in the latest scientific breakthroughs to their own area of research.
Undergraduate science students and electronic scholarly journals
Authors: Tenopir Carol , Pollard Richard , Wang Peiling , Greene Dan , Kline Elizabeth , Krummen Julia , Kirk Rachel
Published: January 2005

Phase I of a 2‐phase project funded by the NSF‐National Science Digital Library Project used focus groups to determine how undergraduate science students perceive journal literature and how they use digital library resources. Their perceptions and use are contrasted with faculty and graduate teaching assistants in engineering, chemistry, and physics. Undergraduates have difficulties understanding journal articles. Although they consider themselves experts on the web, they rarely use online indexes or e‐journals unless required to for class. E‐Journals should be incrementally introduced to students starting at the time they declare a major. E‐Modules developed by the library and faculty could introduce the structure and content of articles, including links to glossaries and encyclopedias, tutorials about the publishing process, and study of the structure of articles.
Enriched video semantic metadata: Authorization, integration, and presentation
Authors: Mu Xiangming , Marchionini Gary
Published: January 2005

An enriched video metadata framework including video authorization using VAST, metadata integration, and user level applications is presented. The Video Annotation and Summarization Tool (VAST) is a novel video metadata authorization system that integrates both semantic and visual metadata. Balance between accuracy and efficiency is achieved by adopting a semi‐automatic authorization approach. Semantic information such as video annotation is integrated with the visual information under a XML schema. Results from user studies and field experiments using the VAST metadata demonstrated that the enriched metadata were seamlessly incorporated into application level programs such as the Interactive Shared Educational Environment (ISEE). Given the VAST metadata, a new video surrogate called the smartlink video surrogate was proposed and deployed in the ISEE. VAST has become a key component of the emerging Open Video Digital Library toolkit.
Searching large collections of recorded speech: A preliminary study
Authors: Kim Jinmook , Oard Douglas W. , Soergel Dagobert
Published: January 2005

This paper reports on an exploratory study of the criteria searchers use when judging the relevance of recorded speech from radio programs and the attributes of a recording on which those judgments are based. Five volunteers each performed three searches using two systems (NPR Online and SpeechBot) for three questions and judged the relevance of the results. Data were collected through observation and screen capture, think aloud, and interviews; coded; and analyzed by looking for patterns. Criteria used as a basis for selection were found to be similar to those observed in relevance studies with printed materials, but the attributes used as a basis for assessing those criteria were found to exhibit modality‐specific characteristics. For example, audio replay was often found to be necessary when assessing story genre (e.g., report, interview, commentary) because of limitations in presently available metadata. Participants reported a strong preference for manually prepared summaries over passages extracted from automatic speech recognition transcripts, and consequential differences in search behavior were observed between the two conditions. Some important implications for interface and component design are drawn, such as the utility of summaries at multiple levels of detail in view of the difficulty of skimming imperfect transcripts and the potential utility of automatic speaker identification to support authority judgments in systems.
An analysis of Web image queries for search
Authors: Pu Hsiao‐Tieh
Published: January 2005

This study examines the differences between Web image and textual queries, and attempts to develop an analytic model to investigate their implications for Web image retrieval systems. A large number of Web queries from image and textual search engines were analyzed and compared based on their factual characteristics, query types, and search interests. A feasible analytic model employing the concepts of uniqueness and refinement was adapted to categorize query types and analyze the characteristics of failed queries. Useful results include the findings that image requests may have higher specificity and contain more refined queries (especially among failed queries), and that the queries were refined more by interpretive attributes than by reactive and perceptual attributes. Current text retrieval technology is not capable of fulfilling such complex image requests. It is suggested that there is a need to increase the number of appropriate annotations for Web images and to utilize more advanced retrieval techniques for more effective Web image searching. Few previous large‐scale studies have investigated visual information retrieval using image search engines. Thus, this study provides results that might enhance our understanding of Web image searching behavior and suggests implications for the improvement of current Web image search engines.
Image querying by image professionals
Authors: Jörgensen Corinne , Jörgensen Peter
Published: January 2005

This paper reports the analysis of search logs from a commercial image provider over a one‐month period and discusses the results in relation to previous findings. The study analyzes image searches, image queries composing the search, user search modification strategies, results returned, and user browsing of results. Unique term searches are less frequent than earlier research has shown, with more descriptive and thematic queries occurring. Boolean searching, while heavily employed, appears to be ineffective and leads to query modifications. While there was a large amount of query modification (55.8% of queries), the tactics overall do not appear to be carefully thought out but rather seem to be largely experimental. Given the willingness to modify queries but the inability to do so, much more support for query modification could be offered.
Typology of ambiguity on representation of information problem: An exploratory study
Authors: Kim Yang‐Woo
Published: January 2005

The paper is divided into three parts. The first part develops a framework explaining the need to disambiguate user inquiries to improve information systems and services. Theoretical grounds for this framework are explained for how questions are categorized based on their ambiguity type, while the relevant literature is briefly reviewed. The second part categorizes a set of questions, originally collected for TREC 8 QA Track, according to ambiguity type. Three types and two dimensions of ambiguity are identified by the author. The last part discusses three aspects of retrieval systems and services, based on the results of categorization: 1) increasing user input to make initial queries less ambiguous; 2) reducing search space by disambiguating queries; and 3) clustering search results based on the characteristics of prospective answers.
Use scenarios in the development of the Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype (ADEPT)
Authors: Gazan Rich , Leazer Gregory H. , Borgman Christine L. , Gilliland‐Swetland Anne J. , Smart Laura , Ancona Dan , Nilsson Rachel Michael
Published: January 2005

A user‐centered, iterative design philosophy requires a common language between users, designers and builders to translate user needs into buildable specifications. This paper details the rationale, evolution and implementation of use scenarios—structured narrative descriptions of envisioned system use—in the development of the Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype. This paper discusses the strengths of the scenario approach, obstacles to their use, and lessons learned in the overall development process.
Usability in practice: Avoiding pitfalls and seizing opportunities. Sponsored by SIG USE
Authors: Bias Randolph G. , Wildemuth Barbara M. , Druin Allison , Hirsh Sandra G.
Published: January 2005

This panel brings together experts in usability engineering who draw on their research and experiences to present practical advice about what to avoid when performing usability tests and how to take advantage of opportunities afforded by usability testing.
User‐centered design: Science or window dressing?. Sponsored by SIG HCI
Authors: Stefl‐Mabry Joette , Belkin Nicholas , Dillon Andrew , Marchionini Gary
Published: January 2005

Designing information systems with the user in mind, generally referred to as ‘user‐centered design’ has become an established goal of much of the work in information science. According to this approach, activities such as user studies, usability evaluations, and user analyses (amongst others) must be performed if we are to either advance our field or design better systems. However, despite the rhetoric, user‐centered design methods are not uniform in nature, and the variability in application of the user‐centered approach is leading some researchers to question its value. Negroponte (1996) argues that good design will attract its own users, while Heninbokel et al (1996) found that adopting user‐centered approaches actually led to more problems in many designs. This panel explores the extent to which there is real substance behind the rhetoric of user‐centeredness in our research and practice, explores ways in which we can improve the quality and applicability of data and inputs from users, and engages in debate and discussion with the audience on the real values of user‐centered design for the field.
Getting your money's worth: Samuelson's general equilibrium model applied to participation in cooperative virtual reference services
Authors: Saxton Matthew L. , Janes Joseph , Mon Lorri , Harris Lydia Eato
Published: January 2005

How can agencies participating in a cooperative reference network determine that the value they receive from participation is greater then the effort and resources they contribute? Do private organizations or companies benefit from joining cooperatives largely composed of public institutions? Can this information be used to support decisions about the level of participation and resource‐sharing an institution is willing to provide, or provide models of cooperation that maximize benefit to multiple user populations? Samuelson's general equilibrium model on the provision of public goods attempts to identify the balance at which optimal utility of a public good or service is achieved for a given population where the environment is composed of both public and private services and different consumers place a different value of utility for a given good or service. His model is particularly appropriate to the analysis of general reference services where public agencies hope to leverage the expertise of private resources in the most economical method, private agencies want to avoid duplication of publicly available resources, and user populations widely differ in their ability to pay for such services.
Metadata for the description of broadcast assets. Sponsored by SIG CR, DL, HCI
Authors: Efthimiadis Efthimis N. , Mai Jens‐Erik , Burrows Paul E. , Leones Edrolfo , Kniesner Dan
Published: January 2005

The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and public broadcasters consider Media Asset Management (MAM) of critical importance since without a concerted and cooperative plan to manage their vast library of content, broadcasters are unable to reach their potential for service in the digital age. The concerns for Media Asset Managmœnt, human and technical, are myriad. Media Asset Management is the framework upon which many of the largest technology projects will be built, including the future interconnection system between and among CPB member stations. It is CPB's hope that its licensees and their partners in university, museum, and library communities, will work together to contribute to Media Asset Management solutions. These issues are not unique to Public Broadcasters. Similar issues are faced by all networks at different levels of complexity.

This panel will present efforts by broadcasters and media companies to deal with the creation and maintenance of metadata, indexing and controlled vocabularies required for effective Media Asset Management of broadcasts.

Panelist will provide perspectives of their organization or project, for example, the CPB's PB Core metadata element set, which is currently under development; the Disney Nomenclature Registry at Disney Corporation; and the ViDe (video access group) MPEG‐7 and Dublin Core mapping.
Sharing and accessing Internet resources across barriers of nation, language, and collection. Sponsored by SIG III, MGT
Authors: Vaughan Liwen , Thelwall Mike , He Shaoyi , Shreve Gregory M. , Zeng Marcia , Zhang Yin
Published: January 2005

While the Internet provides great opportunities for sharing and accessing information resources globally, there are still many barriers to overcome. In this session, a group of experts will share their research in this area. Vaughan and Thelwall will present their study on national bias of information resources coverage as reflected in commercial search engines. In the area of cross‐language information retrieval, although many search engines have the capability to retrieve information in Chinese using English queries, there has not been research on evaluation of the search capabilities and retrieval performances of such search engines. Shaoyi He will fill this gap in his presentation on such evaluations. Finally, Shreve and Zeng will discuss their approach of how to use parallel metadata to provide multilingual / multicultural access to a linguistically heterogeneous collection in an NSF‐funded digital library project.
New information models for rural populations in developing countries. Sponsored by SIG III, MGT
Authors: Johnson Sue O'Neill , Comfort Kazanka , Goswami P. R. , Jain P. K.
Published: January 2005

There is a widespread belief in the developing world that the global explosion of knowledge may ameliorate the socio‐economic conditions of the rural populace. What are the key information models that seem to be working in developing countries to remove illiteracy, and to enhance information literacy of the poor?
Exploring the dark side: Ethical implications of information technologies. Sponsored by SIG IFP, TIS, MED, ED
Authors: Morris Theodore Allan , Rosenberg Victor , Froehlich Thomas J. , Guthrie Robert , Smith Martha M.
Published: January 2005

As information technologies (IT) integrate more seamlessly, they also raise essential ethical questions regarding access to and security of vital personal information. This panel will explore such unintended consequences of recent IT developments as economic inequality between the information rich and poor, potentials for invasions of personal privacy, and threats to democracy inherent in the proliferation of information technology.
Biomedical taxonomies/ontologies. Sponsored by SIG MED, CR
Authors: Schreur Philip , Vogel Claude , Ohkawa Hitomi , Chitty Mary
Published: January 2005

Current applications of taxonomies/ontologies in biomedical information systems will be presented. Each participant will present a of case study of their taxonomy as it is currently used, desired improvements, and ongoing challenges. Similarities in user needs and critical issues will be pointed out by our respondent.
From anytime, anywhere to all‐the‐time, everywhere: Learning objects, broadband and wireless reshape digital libraries for learning and research. Sponsored by SIG STI, DL, VIS
Authors: Gregory Vicki L. , Austin Diane , Terrell Tom , Austin Richard
Published: January 2005

Learning objects are among the latest types of materials to be included in digital libraries. These are small portions of lesson material designed to be used in multiple configurations for multiple instructional applications, ranging from distance learning to interactive simulation. As broadband and wireless technologies change the expectations and performance patterns of the user, learning objects change the nature of content and the way that it must be managed. The size and diversity of digital collections affect the options through which these materials can be accessed. Many libraries are offering wireless access to their networks and many individuals are accessing digital libraries off‐site using broadband technologies. Each of these trends affects decisions made for collection development, portal design and network design, and those decisions dictate specific technological requirements for access. This panel session highlights management and infrastructure issues of digital libraries as they relate to learning objects, broadband and wireless technologies.
Cultural variations of Internet development and use. Sponsored by SIG III
Authors: Xu Hong , Li Bin , Southwick Sílvia Barcellos , Komlodi Anita , Haidar Tracy
Published: January 2005

We are rapidly constructing a global network infrastructure for moving information across national boundaries. Is there a universal way of developing and using the Internet across different geographic areas with different culture? The first panelist in this session will discuss cultural, economic, political systems differences between United States and China in Internet development and Internet use. Second presentation will focus on cultural and social issues in adopting Internet technology in Brazil. The next two presentations will examine how cultural background affects information seeking behavior of Web users from different culture.
Digital libraries in action: The Latin American and Caribbean experience. Sponsored by SIG DL
Authors: Quiroga Luz M. , Arias Jose , Bellemore Alberto Cabezas , Pacheco Roberto , Packer Abel Laerte , Vivas Issac , Voutssas Juan , Allard Suzanne Lorraine , Barreau Deborah
Published: January 2005

Knowledge acquisition and dissemination can facilitate innovation and provide the engine for economic growth and development. Creating and sharing knowledge can be hindered when multiple languages are spoken in geographically diverse regions that are bound together by cultural proximity. Digital libraries help provide the information infrastructure and technology to overcome these challenges and facilitate knowledge sharing by encouraging collaboration and providing information access. This interactive panel session features experts who are working on the frontlines building and implementing programs that utilize DLs to meet these goals in Latin America and the Caribbean. These projects address technical issues related to cross‐lingual access, interoperability, and usability as well as organizational issues related to sharing and integrating research and development streams.
New library handheld programs and services. Sponsored by SIG III, IFP
Authors: Williams Joe M. , Osegueda Laura M.
Published: January 2005

The session details seven Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) implementations at Texas A&M University (TAMU) and/or North Carolina State University (NCSU) Libraries. These seven examples represent new levels of library service for PDA users that focus on physically implementing handhelds, creating original content and resources, and building collaborative programs. The session outlines the Libraries' motivation for developing each service, the challenges posed by each implementation, and the Libraries' approach to each challenge. User responses to each service are also discussed. The specific implementations detailed are: 1. Issuing Handhelds in Distance Education (TAMU); 2. Distributing Wireless PDAs for Clinical and Classroom Use (NCSU); 3. PDA and Ebook Circulation Programs (NCSU & TAMU); 4. Public PDA Syncing Stations (NCSU & TAMU); 5. Handheld Resources in Medical Curriculum Project (TAMU); 6. PDA Web Channels (NCSU & TAMU); 7. PDA Library Resources (NCSU & TAMU). PDA Library resources include handheld OPAC searching, advanced instruction, and PDA technical support. In some cases, existing Library resources or services have evolved to include PDA elements, while others have been created specifically for PDA users. The session concludes with a discussion of future services and challenges, and a brief question and answer period.
Schwann cells upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor secondary to chronic nerve compression injury
Authors: Gupta Ranjan , Gray Michael , Chao Tom , Bear David , Modafferi Edward , Mozaffar Tahseen
Published: January 2005

To better understand the pathogenesis of chronic nerve compression injuries, we investigated the possibility that Schwann cell production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is responsible for the increased vascularity and Schwann cell proliferation associated with chronic nerve injury. In situ hybridization was used to evaluate VEGF mRNA production with immunohistochemistry to further localize the production of VEGF and its receptor proteins in an animal model of chronic nerve compression injury. VEGF mRNA and protein expression increased within Schwann cells as early as 2 weeks after compression and peaked by 1 month with a subsequent marked increase in the number of blood vessels. Thus, chronic nerve compression injury induces Schwann cells to increase VEGF production, which may be responsible for changes in neural vasculature secondary to chronic nerve compression injury. With a better understanding of these nerve injuries, more effective treatments may be developed to help patients with these impairments. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Simultaneous over‐expression of the Her2/neu and PTK6 tyrosine kinases in archival invasive ductal breast carcinomas
Authors: Born Martina , Quintanilla‐Fend Leticia , Braselmann Herbert , Reich Uli , Richter Manfred , Hutzler Peter , Aubele Michaela
Published: January 2005

Expression of eight tumour‐relevant genes was studied in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue from 54 invasive ductal breast carcinomas using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (Q‐RT‐PCR). Seven of the genes map to chromosome 20q and are potential candidates for gene amplification and over‐expression. The Her2/neu oncogene, on chromosome 17q, was investigated in the same tumours. Increased expression was most frequent for PTK6, Her2/neu, and ADA. No other 20q candidate gene (AIB1, PTPN1, ZNF217, and PFDN4) was prominent. A significant correlation between the expression of the tyrosine kinases PTK6 and Her2/neu was detected. The frequent elevation of PTK6 expression (in 43/54 tumours), and its correlation with Her2/neu oncogene over‐expression, suggests a clinically relevant link between these two over‐expressed tyrosine kinases. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slow eroding biodegradable multiblock poloxamer copolymers
Authors: Ahn Jin Sun , Suh Ju Myung , Lee Minyung , Jeong Byeongmoon
Published: January 2005

Biodegradable multiblock poloxamers (BMPs) with gel duration of 8 h to several weeks were prepared by varying their molecular weights from 4000 to 40 000 g mol−1. The molecular weight of the BMP was controlled by changing the poloxamer to coupling agent ratio. Assuming a micelle packing model of the BMP gel, as in the case of a poloxamer gel, the micelle properties and critical gel concentration of BMPs were investigated on the basis of the scaling concept. The findings suggest that the control of molecular weight by hydrolyzable groups can be a facile approach to optimize the gel properties for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of accelerated ageing on methacrylate‐based denture resins heterogeneity as viewed by ESR‐spin‐probe method
Authors: Bubalo Vatroslav , Jerolimov Vjekoslav , Baučić Ivo , Andreis Mladen , Veksli Zorica
Published: January 2005

The electron‐spin‐resonance (ESR) spin‐probe method, was used to study the heterogeneity of denture resins based on poly(methyl methacrylate). Results for three resins processed by microwave energy, conventional curing and cold curing (depending on the curing procedure and exposed to ageing in various environmental conditions) were compared. All three cured resins were stored over the same time (1200 h) in distilled water at ambient temperature and in artificial saliva at 348 K. The temperature‐dependent ESR spectra of a spin probe dispersed in the denture resins are analyzed in terms of line‐shapes and line‐widths. The appearance of two spectral components was taken as an indication of resin heterogeneity. The results reveal that the cold‐cured resin has a lower local density in comparison with microwave and conventionally cured resin. The amount of residual monomer also contributes to the local motion of polymer segments. The change of denture resins exposed to ageing is influenced both by the structure of the original resin and the ageing conditions. Restricted motion of a spin probe incorporated into the acrylic resins exposed to accelerated ageing suggests additional crosslinking of polymer chains. The differences are observed for all the investigated resins, but the highest change is observed with the cold‐cured resin. The ESR results are accompanied by Tg and Tm measurements. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The γ‐ and the δ‐effects in 13C NMR spectroscopy in terms of nuclear chemical shielding (NCS) analysis JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2004; 17: 680–685. DOI: 10.1002/poc.746
Authors: Kleinpeter Erich , Seidl Peter R.
Published: January 2005

The original article to which this Addendum refers was published in Journal of Phisycal Organic Chemistry 2004; 17: 680–685.
Synthetic polymers containing α‐amino acids: from polyamides to poly(ester amide)s
Authors: Puiggalí Jordi , Subirana Juan A.
Published: January 2005

Polyamides and poly(ester amide)s which contain glycine residues as a comonomer show unique features. In collaboration with Professor M. Goodman we carried out studies on low molecular weight models which allow a structural analysis with atomic detail. In this way, sequential polyamides constituted by glycine and ω‐amino acids may adopt new structures characterized by a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds that are established along three directions at 120°. This peculiar structure is based on the conformational preferences of glycine residues. X‐ray and electron microscopy studies on poly(ester amide)s indicate a structure constituted by a stacking of hydrogen bonded sheets. Differences have been found in the shift between consecutive sheets. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite element analysis (FEA) applied to polyethylene foam cushions in package drop tests
Authors: Mills N. J. , Masso‐Moreu Y.
Published: January 2005

Two designs of polyethylene (PE) foam cushions were compared, using a rigid ‘product’ of mass 5.6 kg, and an outer corrugated fibreboard box. The acceleration–time history for the product was measured when the box was dropped flat from 1 m onto a rigid floor. The data was processed to calculate the impact force as a function of the packaging deformation. Finite element analysis (FEA) predictions of the impact force vs. package deflection were accurate for end‐cap designs using Ethafoam, but underestimated the slope of the experimental force vs. deflection relation for corner‐cap designs. The corner‐cap design is more efficient in reducing the peak product acceleration for multiple impacts. The contribution of the corrugated board box to the impact response appears to be small. The FEA results were compared with those from the cushion curve design method and were found to better predict the performance of complex shaped cushions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of intrinsic mode functions to characterize shock and vibration in the distribution environment
Authors: Rouillard Vincent , Sek Michael A.
Published: January 2005

This paper describes an innovative approach, based on the instrinsic mode functions (IMFs), to characterize the nature of mechanical vibration encountered in transport vehicles. The paper highlights the importance of understanding the nature of transport vibration and shows that their accurate characterization is essential for the optimization of protective packaging. Although there have been numerous studies aimed at characterizing random vibration during transport, the majority of those have been limited to applying relatively conventional signal analysis techniques, such as the average power spectral density (PSD). This paper investigates the benefits offered by the recently introduced Hilbert–Huang transform when characterizing non‐stationary random vibration in comparison with more traditional Fourier analysis‐based techniques. The paper describes the operation of the Hilbert–Huang transform, which was developed to assist in the analysis of non‐Gaussian and non‐stationary random data. The Hilbert–Huang transform is based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique used to produce a finite number of IMFs, which, as a set, provide a complete description of the process. It is shown how these IMFs are well suited to the application of the Hilbert–Huang transform to determine the magnitude and instantaneous frequency of each IMF. The technique is applied to various records of random vibration data collected from transport vehicles in order to illustrate the benefits of the method in characterizing the nature of non‐stationarities present in transport vibration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The combination of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and chip‐based infusion for improved screening and characterization of drug metabolites
Authors: Staack Roland F. , Varesio Emmanuel , Hopfgartner Gérard
Published: January 2005

An approach has been developed for drug metabolism studies of non‐radiolabeled compounds using on‐line liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) combined with chip‐based infusion following fraction collection. The potential of this approach, which improves the data quality compared with only LC/MS analysis, has been investigated for the analysis of in vitro metabolites of tolcapone and talinolol, two compounds with well‐characterized metabolism. The information‐dependent LC/MS/MS analysis enables the characterization of the major metabolites while the chip‐based infusion is used to obtain good product ion spectra for lower level metabolites, to generate complementary MS information on potential metabolites detected in the LC/MS trace, or to screen for unexpected metabolites. Fractions from the chromatographic analysis are collected in 20 second steps, into a 96‐well plate. The fractions of interest can be re‐analyzed with chip‐based infusion on a variety of mass spectrometers including triple quadrupole linear ion trap (QqLIT or Q TRAP) and QqTOF systems. Acquiring data for several minutes using multi‐channel acquisition (MCA), or signal averaging while infusing the fractions at approximately 200 nL/min, permits about a 50 times gain in sensitivity (signal‐to‐noise) in MS/MS mode. A 5–10 μL sample fraction can be infused for more than 30 min allowing the time to perform various MS experiments such as MSn, precursor ion or neutral loss scans and accurate mass measurement, all in either positive or negative mode. Through fraction collection and infusion, a significant gain in data quality is obtained along with a time‐saving benefit, because the original sample needs neither to be re‐analyzed by re‐injection nor to be pre‐concentrated. Therefore, a novel hydroxylated talinolol metabolite could be characterized with only one injection. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of isomeric allylic diols resulting from chlorophyll phytyl side‐chain photo‐ and autoxidation by electron ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Rontani J.‐F. , Aubert C.
Published: January 2005

The electron ionization (EI) mass spectral fragmentation of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of 3‐methylidene‐7,11,15‐trimethylhexadecane‐1,2‐diol, Z‐ and E‐3,7,11,15‐tetramethylhexadec‐3‐ene‐1,2‐diols and Z‐ and E‐3,7,11,15‐tetramethylhexadec‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diols resulting from chlorophyll phytyl side‐chain photo‐ and autoxidation was investigated. Different pathways (substantiated by deuterium labelling) were proposed in order to explain the main fragmentation observed. Then, some sufficiently specific fragment ions were selected and used to characterize these compounds in natural environmental samples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.