bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The phylogenetic position of Aphrissa (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Coliadinae) within its relatives the ancient American Catopsilias
Authors: MURILLO-RAMOS LEIDYS , HERNÁNDEZ-MEJÍA CLAUDIA , LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS JORGE
Published: August 2016

The American Catopsilias are pierids, commonly known as sulphurs. These butterflies were grouped based on morphology and secondary sexual characters of the male, but this grouping was not taxonomically established. In Catopsilia were included genera such as Anteos, Aphrissa, Rhabdodryas, and Phoebis. Aphrissa is a genus taxonomically stable, but its phylogenetic position within Coliadinae is not clear. In this research, we used morphological data to establish the phylogenetic position of the genus Aphrissa and its phylogenetic relationships within the ancient American Catopsilias. We included four outgroups: Colias, Zerene, Eurema and Kricogonia. A maximum parsimony analysis was employed under equal and implied weights. We used 32 morphological characters, 18 were coded as binary and 14 as multistate. A well-resolved cladogram was obtained. The American Catopsilias are not a monophyletic group. The analyses support the following relationships, clade A: Eurema + (Anteos + (Colias + Zerene) and clade B: Prestonia + (Aphrissa + (Rhabdodryas + Phoebis)). Kricogonia remained as the sister taxon of the whole group. Characters that support clade A include the morphology of male genitalia, while the clade B is supported by female genitalia and morphology of the chorion.
A new species of the genus Acinopus Dejean, 1821 from west of Iran (Coleoptera; Carabidae; Harpalini) with a key to species of Iran
Authors: AZADBAKHSH SAEED , WRASE DAVID W.
Published: August 2016

A new species of the genus Acinopus Dejean, 1821, namely Acinopus (Acinopus) zagrosensis sp. n., is described on the basis of specimens collected from west Iran (type locality: Iran, Fars province, Zagros Mts., Sepidan env., 2060 m). The new species is compared with closely related species. A key for the identification of species of genus Acinopus in Iran is provided.
A new permopsocidan genus and species from the Late Permian of Australia (Insecta: Acercaria: Psocidiidae)
Authors: PROKOP JAKUB , GARROUSTE ROMAIN , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: August 2016

The psocidiid Hypopsylla belmontensis gen. et sp. nov., new psocidiid genus and species, is described and figured from the Late Permian of New South Wales in Australia. This discovery extends the knowledge on the diversity of the small order Permopsocida whose members passed the Permian-Triassic boundary and became extinct in Cretaceous.
Endogean and cavernicolous beetles of the Balkans. XVI. A new, anophthalmous species of Neuraphes Thomson, 1859 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) from Albania
Authors: HLAVÁČ PETER , BLAŽEJ LUKÁŠ
Published: August 2016

Neuraphes (Pararaphes) anophthalmus sp. nov. of the tribe Glandulariini is described from Albania. The genus is for the first time recorded to include completely anophthalmous males.
A Short-Term Negative Eddy Feedback on Midlatitude Jet Variability due to Planetary Wave Reflection
Authors: Rivière Gwendal , Robert Loïc , Codron Francis
Published: August 2016

A three-level quasigeostrophic model on the sphere is used to identify the physical nature of the negative planetary wave feedback on midlatitude jet variability. A first approach consists of studying the nonlinear evolution of normal-mode disturbances in a baroclinic westerly zonal jet. For a low-zonal-wavenumber disturbance, successive acceleration and deceleration of the jet occur as a result of reflection of the wave on either side of the jet. The planetary wave deposits momentum in opposite ways during its poleward or equatorward propagation. In contrast, a high-zonal-wavenumber disturbance is not reflected but absorbed within the subtropical critical layer. It thus only induces poleward momentum fluxes, which accelerate the jet and shift it slightly poleward. A long-term simulation forced by a relaxation toward a zonally symmetric temperature profile is then analyzed. Planetary waves are shown to be baroclinically excited. When they propagate equatorward, they induce an acceleration of the jet together with a slight poleward shift. About two-thirds of the planetary waves are absorbed by the subtropical critical layer, which allows the accelerated poleward-shifted jet to persist for a while. For the remaining third, the potential vorticity equatorward of the jet is so well homogenized that a reflection occurs. It is followed by an abrupt jet deceleration during the subsequent poleward propagation. The reflection of planetary waves on the poleward side of the jet is more systematic because of the quasi-permanent presence of a turning latitude there. This negative planetary wave feedback is shown to act more on pulses of the jet than on its latitudinal shifts.
Quantity Distortion Effect in Consumers’ Perception of Different Volumes and Weights of Money
Authors: Guido Gianluigi , Piper Luigi , Prete M. Irene , Mileti Antonio , Fonda Marco
Published: August 2016

Consumers tend to misunderstand the physical value of cash money by adopting improper anchors for their judgments (e.g., banknote size and shape, currency denominations, etc.). In a pilot study carried out on a sample of 242 participants ( n = 116 men; M age = 29.6 year, SD = 10.8), a quantity distortion effect was demonstrated by evaluating consumers’ misperceptions of different monetary quantities, either in terms of volume or weight, using banknotes of the same denomination (€50). A threshold value was found, for both volume (€876,324) and weight (€371,779), above (below) which consumers tend to overrate (underrate) monetary amounts. The theoretical and operative implications are discussed.
Postural Control During Cascade Ball Juggling
Authors: Rodrigues Sérgio T. , Polastri Paula F. , Gotardi Gisele C. , Aguiar Stefane A. , Mesaros Marcelo R. , Pestana Mayara B. , Barbieri Fabio A.
Published: August 2016

Cascade ball juggling is a complex perceptual motor skill which requires efficient postural stabilization. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of experience (expert and intermediate groups) and foot distance (wide and narrow stances) on body sway of jugglers during three ball cascade juggling. A total of 10 expert jugglers and 11 intermediate jugglers participated in this study. Participants stood barefoot on the force plate (some participants wore a gaze tracking system), with feet maintained in wide and narrow conditions and performed three 40-seconds trials of the three-ball juggling task. Dependent variables were sway mean velocity, amplitude, mean frequency, number of ball cycles, fixation number, mean duration and its variability, and area of gaze displacement. Two-way analyses of variance with factors for group and condition were conducted. Experts’ body sway was characterized by lower velocity and smaller amplitude as compared to intermediate group. Interestingly, the more challenging (narrow) basis of support caused significant attenuation in body sway only for the intermediate group. These data suggest that expertise in cascade juggling was associated with refined postural control.
Attentional Focus in Motor Learning, the Feldenkrais Method, and Mindful Movement
Authors: Mattes Josef
Published: August 2016

The present paper discusses attentional focus in motor learning and performance from the point of view of mindful movement practices, taking as a starting point the Feldenkrais method. It is argued that earlier criticism of the Feldenkrais method (and thereby implicitly of mindful movement practices more generally) because of allegedly inappropriate attentional focus turns out to be unfounded in light of recent developments in the study of motor learning and performance. Conversely, the examples of the Feldenkrais method and Ki-Aikido are used to illustrate how both Western and Eastern (martial arts derived) mindful movement practices might benefit sports psychology.
A political theory of progressive individualism? Western Australia and the America’s Cup, 30 years on
Authors: Hartley John
Published: August 2016

This paper considers Western Australia (WA) as a sign, comparing what it meant during the America’s Cup campaign of 1986–7, when world media attention was focused on the state, with what it represents 30 years later. In the 1980s, it is argued (Part I), WA was hard to represent at all, with natural, governmental and social horrors bespeaking a place unable to signify itself. These realities had to be ‘forgotten’ if a ‘politics of euphoria’ suitable to the Cup festival – and to the mood of credit-fuelled capitalist deregulation – was to prevail. The media, popular culture and tourism were on hand for that task. They far outstripped official efforts to represent WA as a symbol of mobility, globalization and the progressive development of state and capital, arm in arm. Returning after a generation (Part II), it seems clear that the state apparatus is motivated by a will to control, but that the same horrors attend the lives and deaths of first-nation citizens. What has changed is that policy has shifted from deregulation to privatization, which means an authoritarian state leaves both development and social justice to individuals. The progressive individualism of the ‘WA Inc.’ era has given way to what might be called ‘tradie individualism’ – signalling sociality with a boat of one’s own, a funny car rego or a coin in the charity donation box. Now, if you want to express euphoria, then you must paddle your own canoe.
Update on Vascular Dementia
Authors: Khan Ayesha , Kalaria Raj N. , Corbett Anne , Ballard Clive
Published: August 2016

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a major contributor to the dementia syndrome and is described as having problems with reasoning, planning, judgment, and memory caused by impaired blood flow to the brain and damage to the blood vessels resulting from events such as stroke. There are a variety of etiologies that contribute to the development of vascular cognitive impairment and VaD, and these are often associated with other dementia-related pathologies such as Alzheimer disease. The diagnosis of VaD is difficult due to the number and types of lesions and their locations in the brain. Factors that increase the risk of vascular diseases such as stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking also raise the risk of VaD. Therefore, controlling these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing VaD. This update describes the subtypes of VaD, with details of their complex presentation, associated pathological lesions, and issues with diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Revisiting DLB Diagnosis
Authors: McKeith Ian , Taylor John-Paul , Thomas Alan , Donaghy Paul , Kane Joseph
Published: August 2016

Efforts to clinically diagnose cases having dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) identify those with a characteristic clinical syndrome (probable DLB) at the expense of missing an equal, if not greater, number of cases who have atypical presentations thought to be associated with coexisting Alzheimer pathologies. This article argues that further efforts should now be made to characterize this atypical group that constitutes cases previously identified postmortem as the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer disease (AD) or as AD with Lewy bodies. Since such fine distinction is unlikely to be achieved on clinical grounds alone, this new diagnostic category will require robust biomarker validation. Turning to a consideration of early/prodromal diagnosis of both typical and atypical DLB cases, it is suggested that there will be at least 3 prototypical forms—a mild cognitive impairment variant, associated with early visuoperceptual and attentional deficits; a delirium onset DLB with provoked or spontaneous delirium as the presenting features; and a psychiatric disorder DLB with its primary presentation as a late-onset affective disorder or psychosis.
Moderating readers and reading online
Authors: Thomas Bronwen , Round Julia
Published: August 2016

Despite the proliferation of online forums for the discussion of literary texts, very little has been written to date on the management of these spaces and how this helps frame the kinds of discussion and interpretative work that take place. This article draws on a series of interviews with moderators of online book-related sites, alongside close analysis of online interactions between moderators and users to consider issues of authority, hierarchy, power and control, asking how these act to structure or facilitate acts of interpretation taking place online.

We begin by outlining the moderator’s role before conducting a brief review of existing scholarship on offline reading groups and online communities, to identify how social infrastructures are established and negotiated. The main body of the article draws upon interviews with moderators of two online literary forums – The Republic of Pemberley and The Guardian’s online Reading Group – to explore the ways in which each of the respective moderators frames his or her role. This is accompanied by an in-depth exploration of how the forms of interpretation we find on the two sites are shaped and directed by the moderators. The article concludes by reflecting upon some of the issues raised by this study and its methodology, particularly with regards to digital dualism and the blurring of the boundaries between the public and the private in online spaces.
‘Power to the reader’ or ‘degradation of literary taste’? Professional critics and Amazon customers as reviewers of The Inheritance of Loss
Authors: Allington Daniel
Published: August 2016

The Inheritance of Loss by Kiran Desai (2006) was critically lauded, gaining many positive periodical reviews and winning both the Man Booker Prize and the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction. However, it has received mixed reviews from customers of the online retail giant, Amazon: an arguable expression of the challenge that digital consumerism presents to literature’s longstanding claim to autonomy from the market. In order to understand the relationship between the book’s professional and customer reviews, a collection comprising both was constructed. Qualitative analysis of these reviews was followed by the use of thematic coding to compare sub-collections divided by means of publication and by geographical location, with social network graphs being used to represent similarities between reviews and graph density being employed as a measure of overall similarity. No distinctions were found between reviews when grouped according to geographical location. However, the novel’s professionally published reviews were found to be a more homogeneous group than its Amazon customer reviews, and to be more likely to recommend the novel and to praise it for its humour and its narrative, while customer reviews were found to be more likely to criticise it for its characters, and less likely to quote it or to discuss its political themes. It is argued that this is because the book was produced to satisfy the expectations of a ‘literary’ rather than a ‘popular’ audience, where professional book reviewers represent the former almost by definition.
Response to ‘Reading in the age of the internet’
Authors: Myers Greg
Published: August 2016

This response reviews the contributions to the Special Issue, pointing out some common issues in their treatment of reading.
Three major handbooks in three years: Stylistics as a mature discipline
Authors: Sorlin Sandrine
Published: August 2016

This review article brings to the fore what the publication of three handbooks in major publishing houses in the past three years ( The Routledge Handbook of Stylistics, The Cambridge Handbook of Stylistics and The Bloomsbury Companion to Stylistics) can reveal about the state of stylistics in 2016. After depicting the specific character of each volume, the article highlights the way old theoretical models in stylistics are re-exploited in innovative ways and gives prominence to new theories and perspectives that have developed rigorous methodologies and proper purposes. It also makes apparent how the volumes both explicitly and implicitly perceive the field of stylistics as regards its scope and frontiers, the extent of its corpora and its relation with other close disciplines. If it inherently welcomes interdisciplinary collaborations, it yet seems to do so without adulterating its primary concern for language. The three handbooks show that stylistics has entered its prime as a discipline. Yet although it has become a self-assured field, it remains uncompromisingly open to criticism and debate as reflected in some chapters. The last sub-section is devoted to the future prospects of stylistics in terms of the promising research paths the discipline is currently taking.
Fragile X mental retardation protein knockdown in the developing Xenopus tadpole optic tectum results in enhanced feedforward inhibition and behavioral deficits
Authors: Truszkowski Torrey L. S. , James Eric J. , Hasan Mashfiq , Wishard Tyler J. , Liu Zhenyu , Pratt Kara G. , Cline Hollis T. , Aizenman Carlos D.
Published: August 2016

Background

Fragile X Syndrome is the leading monogenetic cause of autism and most common form of intellectual disability. Previous studies have implicated changes in dendritic spine architecture as the primary result of loss of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), but recent work has shown that neural proliferation is decreased and cell death is increased with either loss of FMRP or overexpression of FMRP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of loss of FMRP on behavior and cellular activity.

Methods

We knocked down FMRP expression using morpholino oligos in the optic tectum of Xenopus laevis tadpoles and performed a series of behavioral and electrophysiological assays. We investigated visually guided collision avoidance, schooling, and seizure propensity. Using single cell electrophysiology, we assessed intrinsic excitability and synaptic connectivity of tectal neurons.

Results

We found that FMRP knockdown results in decreased swimming speed, reduced schooling behavior and decreased seizure severity. In single cells, we found increased inhibition relative to excitation in response to sensory input.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the electrophysiological development of single cells in the absence of FMRP is largely unaffected despite the large neural proliferation defect. The changes in behavior are consistent with an increase in inhibition, which could be due to either changes in cell number or altered inhibitory drive, and indicate that FMRP can play a significant role in neural development much earlier than previously thought.
Integration of geophysical constraints for multilayer geometry refinements in 2.5D gravity inversion
Authors: Xing Jian , Hao Tianyao , Xu Ya , Li Zhiwei
Published: August 2016

We have explored the feasibility of estimating depths of multiple interfaces from gravity data. The strata are simulated by an aggregate of 3D rectangular prisms whose bottom depths are parameters to be estimated. In the inversion process, we have integrated geophysical constraints including the borehole information and the sharp condition described by the total variation function. The iterative residual function is also introduced to adjust the weighting of the estimated parameters so that layers of different depths have nearly equal likelihood for deviation. The inversion is processed by minimizing the Tikhonov parametric functional by the reweighted regularized conjugate gradient method. Inequality constraints are adopted to deal with the coupling of the interfaces. Synthetic tests show that such integration is conducive to restoring the multilayer depth distribution. Real data applications in Mariana confirm that the inversion method is effective in complex geologic settings in practice. We have also evaluated several issues that specifically deserve attention for obtaining satisfactory results in multilayer gravity inversion.
The Circadian Timing System and Environmental Circadian Disruption: From Follicles to Fertility
Authors: Sen Aritro , Sellix Michael T.
Published: August 2016

The internal or circadian timing system is deeply integrated in female reproductive physiology. Considerable details of rheostatic timing function in the neuroendocrine control of pituitary hormone secretion, adenohypophyseal hormone gene expression and secretion, gonadal steroid hormone biosynthesis and secretion, ovulation, implantation, and parturition have been reported. The molecular clock, an autonomous feedback loop oscillator of interacting transcriptional regulators, dictates the timing and amplitude of gene expression in each tissue of the female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Although multiple targets of the molecular clock have been identified, many associated with critical physiological functions in the HPG axis, the full extent of clock-driven gene expression and physiology in this critical system remains unknown. Environmental circadian disruption (ECD), the disturbance of temporal relationships within and between internal clocks (brain and periphery), and external timing cues (eg, light, nutrients, social cues) due to rotating/night shift work or transmeridian travel have been linked to reproductive dysfunction and subfertility. Moreover, ECD resulting from exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, environmental toxins, and/or irregular hormone levels during sexual development can also reduce fertility. Thus, perturbations that disturb clock function at the molecular, cellular or systemic level correlate with significant declines in female reproductive function. Here we briefly review the evidence for molecular clock function in each tissue of the female HPG axis (GnRH neuron, pituitary, uterus, oviduct, and ovary), describe the human epidemiological and animal data supporting the negative effects of ECD on fertility, and explore the potential for novel chronotherapeutics in women's health and fertility.
Cluster analysis of Plasmodium RNA-seq time-course data identifies stage-specific co-regulated biological processes and regulatory elements
Authors: Ashano Efejiro , Isewon Itunuoluwa , Oyelade Jelili , Adebiyi Ezekiel
Published: August 2016

In this study, we interpreted RNA-seq time-course data of three developmental stages of Plasmodium species by clustering genes based on similarities in their expression profile without prior knowledge of the gene function. Functional enrichment of clusters of upregulated genes at specific time-points reveals potential targetable biological processes with information on their timings. We identified common consensus sequences that these clusters shared as potential points of coordinated transcriptional control. Five cluster groups showed upregulated profile patterns of biological interest. This included two clusters from the Intraerythrocytic Developmental Cycle (cluster 4 = 16 genes, and cluster 9 = 32 genes), one from the sexual development stage (cluster 2 = 851 genes), and two from the gamete-fertilization stage in the mosquito host (cluster 4 = 153 genes, and cluster 9 = 258 genes). The IDC expressed the least numbers of genes with only 1448 genes showing any significant activity of the 5020 genes (~29%) in the experiment. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these clusters revealed a total of 671 uncharacterized genes implicated in 14 biological processes and components associated with these stages, some of which are currently being investigated as drug targets in on-going research. Five putative transcription regulatory binding motifs shared by members of each cluster were also identified, one of which was also identified in a previous study by separate researchers. Our study shows stage-specific genes and biological processes that may be important in antimalarial drug research efforts. In addition, timed-coordinated control of separate processes may explain the paucity of factors in parasites.
Scientific School of Management Theory
Authors: Латфуллин  , Latfullin Gennadiy
Published: August 2016

With man’s appearance on the earth everything of his existence, functioning and development was provided

by a targeted impact on the environment. Expressing this impact the process of setting and achieving goals

is now defined as a universal management of the widest range of objects, most notably human society.

Naturally, this process became a matter of practical observation, applied research, theory building, causing

over time, formation of management science. The initiator, founder and organizer of the first in our country

scientific school of management theory and of the Department, got in the beginning, the name “Scientific

fundamentals of production management” of the Moscow Engineering Economic Institute, became doctor

of economic Sciences, Professor Kozlova Olympiada Vasil’evna. She united and directed the research

and teaching activities of scientists and practitioners to the design, development and application of

holistic management theory. Today it has become one of the fundamental principles of presentation and

development of contemporary management science.
Venice Commission as Subject of National Law Interpretation
Authors: Хабриева Талия , Khabriyeva Taliya
Published: August 2016

The article reveals specific characteristics of the international legal status of the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe, which allows to understand its purpose and provide legal assessment of various aspects of its activities. On the basis of the analysis of documents adopted by the Commission, their types and content, the author considers peculiarities of interpretation by the Commission of national legal rules. Interpretation of the national law by the Commission, which the author categorizes as a kind of international interpretation, is carried out through the lens of multifunctional legal standards of the Council of Europe. It serves the purpose of improving national legislation, consolidation of approaches on the part of the member states to the Commission and international organizations towards understanding of the contents of the European standards and generation of new legal concepts and categories. The author identifies typical and non-typical acts of interpretation of law by the Commission, establishes their relation with the types of acts of interpretation known in the theory of law. The author concludes the research by stating that the Venice Commission is a new subject of national law interpretation, and its law-interpreting activity is a phenomenon in law, the nature of which requires a separate study.
Interpretation of Law in the Context of Various Methods of Law Cognition
Authors: Корнев Аркадий , Kornev Arkadiy
Published: August 2016

The article focuses on the evolution in views on law and interpretation thereof in the national juridical science. The authors mentions a number schools of law which were dominant in Russia. Specifically, state-organizational(state-imperative) theory understood law to be what the state thought it was to be. The modern Russian doctrine has called such approach as positivist, and also as normative as the case can be. G. F. Scherschenevitch was one of the most prominent advocate thereof; psychological school of law (L. I. Petrazhitsky and others) qualified law to be a combination of imperative-attributive emotional feelings which through psychological interaction of members of members of a certain group become the feelings of common nature and become materialized in the form of legal norms; sociological theory (or else- sociological positivism) (S. A. Muromtsev, B. A. Kistyakovsky) understood law to be a combination of legal prescriptions which are materialized in reality and within which such legal norms are being shaped and crystallized. The author believes that the above-mentioned school of natural law had no independent status among other legal theories.
Concretization and Interpretation of Law as the Creative Content of Judicial Practice
Authors: Власенко Николай , Vlasyenko Nikolay , Залоило Максим , Zaloilo Maksim
Published: August 2016

The article explains the idea of interpretation and concretization of law as the creative content of judicial practice. It contains a review of the main positions of national legal science on the content, forms and significance of judicial practice. The author deals with the issues relating to possibilities of recognition of the court practice as an independent source of law. The legal nature of the judicial act contains the assessment of the subject of it’s regulatory novelty. Subject to analysis is the impact of judicial practice on law-making in modern conditions in the form of drafting in the process of interpretation and concretization of law an abstract rules, which may obtain further its legislative development in the rules of law. The idea of the creative content of judicial practice is based on the legal uncertainty which determines the creative nature of interpretation and concretization of law by judicial organs and the regulatory character of the results of interpretation and concretization of law. The process of interpretation of law is presented sequentially in three stages: understanding, clarification and development. The creative nature is inherent in the results of the judicial practice which generated at the stage of development of rules of law. The authors examines concretization of law which is performed by judicial organs (concretization of rules of law of general character; concretization of concepts contained in rule of law (terminological enforcement concretization); concretization of rules of law in the presence of gaps in normative legal acts). The analysis of the creative character of interpretation and concretization of rules of law in judicial practice emphasizes general and special characteristics thereof.
Public and Individual Interests in Electoral Rights of Russia: Legal Positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
Authors: Макарцев Андрей , Makartsev Andrey
Published: August 2016

This article presents the analysis of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on electoral rights, upon which the hierarchy of the individual and public interests that are realized in electoral relations rests. The author concludes that the balance of interests established by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is not of a permanent nature. The form of expression and the content of coordination of interests of individuals and society can change depending bodies of constitutional justice to definition of a framework of the adjustable public relations. In case of discrepancy of interests of the state, society and individuals expediency of satisfaction and relevance of their implementation can differ depending on the given circumstances. The hierarchy of individual and public interests built by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, on the one hand, is directed to guarantee subjective electoral rights and, on the other hand, to provide stability of the existing political system in Russia, reproduction and functioning of institutes of power. The absence of the official doctrine which would provide that public interests in the electoral relations represent themselves, complicates the mechanism of their realization, and reduces the opportunity given to subjects of legal relationship by the law to use certain social benefits.
Evasion of Law in Private International Law
Authors: Подшивалов Тихон , Podshivalov Tikhon
Published: August 2016

The article is devoted to the definition of the conditions under which it is possible to apply the rules on evasion of law in civil relations complicated by a foreign element. It is possible to recognize evasion of law only by identification of characteristic features of this legal phenomenon in private international law. The author substantiates the idea that the dispute about the validity of imposing a ban on evasion of law in private international law doesn’t have political and legal importance: should not deny the theory of evasion of law, but to define the conditions under which it is possible to apply the norms of evasion of law. The problem is how to make the norms of evasion of law an effective means of suppression to disservice of an indefinite number of people, the protection of public policy. When imposing a ban on the evasion of law the most important is the question of the pending consequences when and where the acts of evasion of law will be revealed. The article deals with the question of identification the legal consequences of qualification of actions as done through evasion of law. Besides, the article attends to the response to “evasion of law” in the national legal systems.
Born European, born regional, or born global? Language convergence in The Team
Authors: Jacobsen Ushma Chauhan , Jensen Pia Majbritt
Published: August 2016

This article converges insights from media geography, international business, marketing, linguistics and cognitive science in an exploratory discussion that examines the relationships between language convergence in the TV drama series The Team (2015) and the notion of Born European/Born Global products and companies. It presents the linguistic notion of ‘code-switching’ that occurs when multilingual speakers shift between languages and reflects this in the views of the scriptwriters and participants of two group interviews that differed in their sensitivities to multiple languages. By considering how people ‘see’ what they ‘hear’, the article considers how multilingual resources are used aesthetically, politically and strategically with business goals in sight. These views are further associated with conceptual developments in the notion of ‘Born Global’ that describes the characteristics and activities of companies that conduct international activities from their inception. The article uses these developments in thinking about the novel convergences present in international intrapreneurship, the labelling of phenomena as European/regional/global, and the identification of product attributes such as culture-specificity and domain-specificity to suggest that language convergence, and especially the presence of English, becomes an integral attribute of The Team. Language convergence simultaneously textures The Team with Europeanness, regionalness and globalness and fills it with the potential for wide distribution and viewership.
From serial drama to transmedia storytelling: How to re-articulate television aesthetics in the post-broadcast era
Authors: Keinonen Heidi
Published: August 2016

The post-broadcast era is witness to a number of transformations in television culture. Similar to other styles and forms representative of broadcast television, even the most ‘televisual’ genre, television drama, is going through some drastic changes. While transmedia storytelling is offering new possibilities for both content creation and promotion of serial drama, it also questions some of the generic conventions by expanding the serial form and narrative structure across various types of media. In this article, I will draw from both television aesthetics and studies on transmedia storytelling in order to study seriality in current television drama. I argue that the serial form of television drama can be studied as a programming strategy, a mode of production, a narrative form and a viewing experience. By applying this framework to Finnish television drama I will identify and discuss the challenges involved in studying television aesthetics in the post-broadcast era as well as suggest possible ways of approaching the emerging forms and styles of broadcast television. Finally, I will consider the concept of quality in relation to post-broadcast television drama.
Destellos de luz y sus ambivalencias simbólicas
Authors: Cantalozella i Planas Joaquim , Negre i Busó Marta
Published: August 2016

La luz sugiere una imagen culturalmente construida, sus metáforas están tan arraigadas a nuestro pensamiento que se hace difícil ignorar el efecto que provocan. A causa de la carga cultural que posee, en una escenificación o representación, la luz alude a cierta mística o trascendencia; incluso siendo esta completamente artificial, sujeta a artefactos y bombillas. Podría decirse, pues, que en nuestra cotidianeidad electrificada, las luces que envuelven el entorno toman partido en este juego de significados. En la presente era de la tecnificación, la luz no parece haber perdido el menor ápice de su poder evocativo, lo cual es perceptible en muchas propuestas artísticas, cuyos enfoques ambivalentes redundan irónicamente en los grandes temas. Esto sucede porque muchas de ellas parten de un ideario desmitificador, para aplicar criterios diferentes tanto en la elaboración como en la recepción de las imágenes. Aun así, los significados tradicionales de la luz sobreviven en propuestas de muy distinta índole, ya sea en clave crítica o no. En el presente artículo, indagamos en las lecturas que suscitan obras realizadas mediante estos parámetros, aquellas que justamente se instalan en la contradicción y la aceptan como punto de partida.Palabras clave: LUZ; OSCURIDAD; ARTE CONTEMPORÁNEO; TECNOLOGÍA; INTERVENCIONES  Flashes of light and their symbolic ambivalence AbstractLight in art is essentially tied to culturally constructed images and its various metaphors are so enmeshed in human thought that their effect is difficult to ignore. Because of its cultural load, the light in any staging or representation invariably refers, however indirectly, to matters that are in some sense mystical and transcendent—even when it relies upon prosaic electrical devices or simple light bulbs. We might argue, therefore, that the many lights illuminating our electrified everyday reality also play their part in this game of meanings. Indeed, in today’s technified world, light does not seem to have lost even the slightest portion of its evocative potential. This is evidenced in the many art works whose intentional ambivalence casts a wry eye on the big issues they address and which set out to demystify their subject, applying novel criteria in how images are created and responded to. But it is also seen in the more traditional metaphors of light which still abound, critical or otherwise, in art works of very different kinds. This article examines the readings that emerge from artworks created with these parameters, the very ones that that are based on contradiction and accept contradiction as their point of departure. Key Words: LIGHT; DARKNESS; CONTEMPORARY ART; TECHNOLOGY; SITE-SPECIFIC
A concise review on hypophosphatasia with case report
Authors: Kaur Jaspinder , Nourabadi Soheila , Chavez Luis , Sachemchi Issac
Published: August 2016

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited dento-osseous metabolic disease characterized by inactivating mutations in the gene encoding the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) which lead to a deficiency in TNSALP enzymatic activity. Low TNSALP activity results in increased levels of 3 known phosphocompound substrates: inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), pyridoxal 5â€™-phosphate (PLP; the major circulating form of vitamin B6), and phosphoethanolamine (PEA). We discussed a systematic review with novel approach and a case report in which patient had multiple jaw reconstructive surgeries and early tooth loss in his childhood age but remained undiagnosed till his 60s. It should raise awareness among health care providers regarding low TNSALP and performing thorough etiological investigations which can ensure optimal clinical care and decision making for their patients by preventing complications like chondrocalcinosis, arthritis, early tooth loss, pseudo/complete fractures and pseudogout among the patients diagnosed with HPP even later in their life.
Bcl-2 family proteins: master regulators of cell survival
Authors: Hatok Jozef , Racay Peter
Published: August 2016

The most prominent function of proteins of the Bcl-2 family is regulation of the initiation of intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathways of apoptosis. However, recent research has revealed that in addition to regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis, proteins of the Bcl-2 family play important roles in regulating other cellular pathways with a strong impact on cell survival like autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, intracellular calcium dynamics, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism. This review summarizes the recent knowledge about functions of Bcl-2 family proteins that are related to cell survival.
Pediatric reference intervals for alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Zierk Jakob , Arzideh Farhad , Haeckel Rainer , Cario Holger , Frühwald Michael C. , Groß Hans-Jürgen , Gscheidmeier Thomas , Hoffmann Reinhard , Krebs Alexander , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Neumann Michael , Ruf Hans-Georg , Steigerwald Udo , Streichert Thomas , Rascher Wolfgang , Metzler Markus , Rauh Manfred
Published: August 2016

Background:

Interpretation of alkaline phosphatase activity in children is challenging due to extensive changes with growth and puberty leading to distinct sex- and age-specific dynamics. Continuous percentile charts from birth to adulthood allow accurate consideration of these dynamics and seem reasonable for an analyte as closely linked to growth as alkaline phosphatase. However, the ethical and practical challenges unique to pediatric reference intervals have restricted the creation of such percentile charts, resulting in limitations when clinical decisions are based on alkaline phosphatase activity.

Methods:

We applied an indirect method to generate percentile charts for alkaline phosphatase activity using clinical laboratory data collected during the clinical care of patients. A total of 361,405 samples from 124,440 patients from six German tertiary care centers and one German laboratory service provider measured between January 2004 and June 2015 were analyzed. Measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity was performed on Roche Cobas analyzers using the IFCC’s photometric method.

Results:

We created percentile charts for alkaline phosphatase activity in girls and boys from birth to 18 years which can be used as reference intervals. Additionally, data tables of age- and sex-specific percentile values allow the incorporation of these results into laboratory information systems.

Conclusions:

The percentile charts provided enable the appropriate differential diagnosis of changes in alkaline phosphatase activity due to disease and changes due to physiological development. After local validation, integration of the provided percentile charts into result reporting facilitates precise assessment of alkaline phosphatase dynamics in pediatrics.
Das Unvorstellbare und die Vorstellung. Zur Imagination in Dantes Purgatorio (Canti IX–XVII)
Authors: Stillers Rainer
Published: August 2016

Riassunto

Nella Commedia Dante cerca di rendere immaginabile una realtà che in fondo è inimmaginabile perché i viventi non possono avervi accesso. Se un progetto poetico talmente ardito riuscirà a suscitare l’effetto voluto nei suoi lettori, dunque, dipende essenzialmente dall’immaginazione. In un primo momento il contributo traccerà la posizione che spetta a tale facoltà nel sistema dell’antropologia dantesca. La parte principale, poi, analizzerà Purgatorio IX- XVII, dove Dante mette in scena il ruolo dell’immaginazione. Vi si può constatare da un lato un significativo distanziamento delle immagini mentali (interiori) dalle immagini mediali e dall’altro una sempre maggiore tematizzazione del testo stesso (e delle sue qualità mediali). La sequenza dei canti analizzati culmina in una sorta di fenomenologia dell’immaginazione.
Brot und Milch. Die Metaphorik der geistigen Speise im Paradiso und in der ersten Ekloge an Giovanni del Virgilio und ihre metapoetischen Implikationen
Authors: Ott Christine
Published: August 2016

Riassunto

Il contributo esamina i significati allegorici e metapoetici che il motivo del cibo spirituale acquista in alcuni canti del Paradiso e nella prima epistola a Giovanni del Virgilio. I significati di latte e pane in Dante saranno elucidati sullo sfondo dell’uso che la patristica fa di questi simboli alimentari e in riguardo alla venerazione popolare della Maria lactans. Attenzione particolare sarà data all’immagine del latte e dell’allattamento, che in Dante appare con accezioni molte diverse, talvolte addirittura opposte, a seconda che si tratti del latte delle Muse, del latte con cui la Vergine nutre i suoi fedeli oppure ancora del latte che appare nel contesto bucolico dell’epistola a Del Virgilio.
Die Grußszene und die Stimme in Dantes Vita nuova
Authors: Wild Cornelia
Published: August 2016

Riassunto

Con la cosiddetta scena del saluto, Dante realizza nella sua Vita nuova una complessa autorizzazione di sé come autore. La scena del saluto, infatti, indirizza la nostra attenzione verso il linguaggio del testo, il suo discours, e quindi non solo verso una riflessione sul soggetto del discorso, bensì anche verso le condizioni di quest’ultimo. Con il discorso che nasce dalla bocca di una donna viene introdotto nella Vita nuova un secondo livello del discorso, il quale motiva l’autorità da esso inscenata, ma la mette anche in dubbio.
Novelty of Penicillium camembertii Lipase Supported on Glutaraldehyde Activated-SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica for Mono-Esterification of Bioglycerol in Non-Aqueous Media
Authors: Hude Moreshwar P. , Kozinski Janusz , Dalai Ajay K. , Yadav Ganapati D.
Published: August 2016

Hexagonal mesoporous type silica SBA-15 with pore sizes in the range 5.0–8.3 nm was synthesized using non-ionic triblock copolymer and characterized by Accelerated Surface Area Porosimetry (ASAP), FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Different lipases were immobilized in glutaraldehyde activated mesoporous SBA-15 support. The resulting supported enzymes were shown to be active and stable catalysts for esterification of glycerol with oleic acid to produce monoglyceride (MG) which is commonly used in food industry. Various parameters were studied systematically to study kinetics. MG Synthesis using enzymatic process is an environmentally friendly approach. Enzyme immobilized on SBA-15 showed the best stability and catalytic activity in organic solvents. Out of various lipases studied penicillium camembertii (Lipase G) produced MG efficiently at low temperature. Reusability was studied on immobilized enzymes. Immobilized lipase maintained 90 % of its esterification activity in non-aqueous media even after 4 cycles of use. The selectivity of Lipase G is found to be 98 % for monoacylglyceride.
Bayesian belief network for assessing impact of factors on army’s lean–agile replenishment system
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Kulkarni Makarand S
Published: August 2016

A dynamic time-separated lean–agile spare part replenishment system can prove beneficial to the army by being efficient (cost saving) during peace and effective (assured availability) during war. The logistics echelons must have certain attributes in order to implement such a dynamic replenishment system. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors/attributes that are necessary in a spare part replenishment system of vehicles and weapon platforms in order to implement a time-separated lean–agile strategy through a systematic literature review. Furthermore, the article will investigate the impact of these factors/attributes, individually and collectively, on overall system performance. This will enable logistics managers to focus only on the factors that have greater impact on the system. A model explaining the effects of various contributory factors/attributes on the overall logistics system has been developed through a comprehensive literature review, experts’ judgments and inputs from practising logisticians in the military field. The article then models the system using a Bayesian belief network (BBN) on Netica software. After the development of the model using Netica, a sensitivity analysis based on the mutual information criterion is conducted to identify the critical factors that most significantly affect a dynamic lean–agile spare part replenishment system. The study addresses the identified need of applying BBN to model an uncertain and complex military logistics domain.