bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microscopic relaxation channels in materials for superconducting qubits
Authors: Premkumar Anjali , Weiland Conan , Hwang Sooyeon , Jäck Berthold , Place Alexander P. M. , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Hunt Adrian , Bisogni Valentina , Pelliciari Jonathan , Barbour Andi , Miller Mike S. , Russo Paola , Camino Fernando , Kisslinger Kim , Tong Xiao , Hybertsen Mark S. , Houck Andrew A. , Jarrige Ignace
Published: July 2021

Despite mounting evidence that materials imperfections are a major obstacle to practical applications of superconducting qubits, connections between microscopic material properties and qubit coherence are poorly understood. Here, we combine measurements of transmon qubit relaxation times (T1) with spectroscopy and microscopy of the polycrystalline niobium films used in qubit fabrication. By comparing films deposited using three different techniques, we reveal correlations between T1 and intrinsic film properties such as grain size, enhanced oxygen diffusion along grain boundaries, and the concentration of suboxides near the surface. Qubit and resonator measurements show signatures of two-level system defects, which we propose to be hosted in the grain boundaries and surface oxides. We also show that the residual resistance ratio of the polycrystalline niobium films can be used as a figure of merit for qubit lifetime. This comprehensive approach to understanding qubit decoherence charts a pathway for materials-driven improvements of superconducting qubit performance.
Ligand size effects in two-dimensional hybrid copper halide perovskites crystals
Authors: Arramel Arramel , Fauzi Angga Dito , Yin Xinmao , Tang Chi Sin , Mahyuddin Muhammad Haris , Sahdan Muhammad Fauzi , Aminah Mimin , Onggo Djulia , Shukri Ganes , Diao Caozheng , Wang Hong , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Wee Andrew Thye Shen , Rusydi Andrivo
Published: July 2021

Intensive effort to tailor photophysics of lead-free perovskites is appealing in recent years. However, their combined electronic and optical property elucidations remain elusive. Here, we report spectroscopic observations of the coexistence Zhang-Rice singlet state and exotic electronic transitions in two-dimensional copper-based perovskites. Herein, several perovskites with different alkylammonium spacers are investigated to unravel their correlated electronic systems and optical responses. Namely, methylammonium, ethylammonium, phenylmethylammonium and phenethylammonium. Using temperature dependent high-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we observe distinct electronic features highlighting the impact of short spacer chains compared to long-conjugated ligands, demonstrating a pronounced 3d9 and 3d9L signature linewidth variation. Corroborated by density functional theory calculations, the transient dynamics evolution of copper-based hybrid perovskites is influenced by the strong interplay of electron-phonon interactions and geometric constrictions. This finding sheds light on tuning the electronic and optical properties of hybrid perovskites towards efficient photoactive-based devices.
Cross-modality imaging of bisphosphonate-treated murine jawbones
Authors: Reier Susanne , Turyanskaya Anna , Heimel Patrick , Frischauf Nikolaus , Meusburger Daria , Heuser Thomas , Drexler Nicole , Janovszky Ágnes , Streli Christina , Slezak Paul , Plochberger Birgit , Dungel Peter , Szabó Andrea , Walter Andreas
Published: July 2021

Based on a novel correlative multimodal imaging pipeline, we showed that the morphology of bisphosphonate-treated murine jawbones changed significantly after treatment with physical extracorporeal shockwave and photobiomodulation therapies.
Ultrasensitive immunochromatographic strip assay for the detection of diminazene
Authors: Chao Mengjia , Xu Xinxin , Liu Liqiang , Wu Aihong , Song Shanshan , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: July 2021

A gold nanoparticle-based lateral-flow test strip was developed to detect dimimazene in beef and beef liver. The LOD and cut-off value were evaluated to be 0.1 and 1 μg kg−1 in beef samples, while they 0.1 and 2 μg kg−1 for beef liver samples.
Enhanced β2-microglobulin binding of a “navigator” molecule bearing a single-chain variable fragment antibody for artificial switching of metabolic processing pathways
Authors: Kambe Yusuke , Kuwahara Ken , Sato Mitsuru , Nakaoki Takahiko , Yamaoka Tetsuji
Published: July 2021

Replacement of the β2-microglobulin-binding part of the “navigator” with scFv improved the β2-microglobulin-binding activity in the blood, resulting in better switching of the metabolic processing pathway of the etiologic factor in mice.
Pd-catalyzed sp–sp3 cross-coupling of benzyl bromides using lithium acetylides
Authors: Mondal Anirban , Visser Paco , Doze Anna M. , Buter Jeffrey , Feringa Ben L.
Published: July 2021

A fast and highly selective method for cross-coupling of benzyl bromides with lithium acetylides, proceeding at room temperature in 10 min while tolerating various organolithium-sensitive functional groups, is presented.
Electrochemical behaviors of a pincer-type NNN-Fe complex and catalytic H2 evolution activity
Authors: Song Seungjin , Lee Junseong , Choi Jun-Ho , Seo Junhyeok
Published: July 2021

We report electrochemical reactivity of a pincer-type [NNN-Fe(tBuNC)3]2+ complex, such as disproportionation of two Fe(i) to Fe(0) and Fe(ii), and electrocatalytic proton reduction.
Synthesis and characterization of new coordination compounds by the use of 2-pyridinemethanol and di- or tricarboxylic acids
Authors: Mylonas-Margaritis Ioannis , Mayans Júlia , Tong Wenming , Farràs Pau , Escuer Albert , McArdle Patrick , Papatriantafyllopoulou Constantina
Published: July 2021

The combination of 2-pyridinemethanol (Hhmp) and trimesic or terephthalic acid has provided access to five new coordination compounds, including the first metal–organic frameworks bearing Hhmp.
Enhanced strain-induced magnetoelectric coupling in polarization-free Fe/BaTiO3 heterostructures
Authors: O. Amorim Carlos , Amaral João S. , Amaral Vítor S.
Published: July 2021

Using ab initio calculations, we show that, contrarily to conventional expectations, we can have a non-polar heterostructure which shows higher strain induced magnetization sensitivity than its polar counterpart.
Fluorescence imaging of pathophysiological microenvironments
Authors: Wang Shan , Ren Wen Xiu , Hou Ji-Ting , Won Miae , An Jusung , Chen Xiaoyuan , Shu Jian , Kim Jong Seung
Published: July 2021

Abnormal microenvironments (viscosity, polarity, pH, etc.) have been verified to be closely associated with numerous pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
Ti4-Decorated B/N-doped graphene as a high-capacity hydrogen storage material: a DFT study
Authors: Intayot Ratchadaree , Rungnim Chompoonut , Namuangruk Supawadee , Yodsin Nuttapon , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn
Published: July 2021

Novel B-doped graphene-based Ti4/BGr can enhance the cluster stability and hydrogen adsorption capacity for hydrogen storage application.
Quasi-homogeneous catalytic conversion of CO2 into quinazolinones inside a metal–organic framework microreactor
Authors: Zhou Zhenzhen , Ma Jian-Gong , Gao Jianbo , Cheng Peng
Published: July 2021

Management of CO2 has been attracting great attention in this century.
Recreational drugs 25I-NBOH and 25I-NBOMe bind to both Sudlow's sites I and II of human serum albumin (HSA): biophysical and molecular modeling studies
Authors: de Barros Wellington Alves , Silva Marina de Magalhães , Dantas Maria Dayanne de Araújo , Santos Josué Carinhanha Caldas , Figueiredo Isis Martins , Chaves Otávio Augusto , Sant’Anna Carlos Mauricio R. , de Fátima Ângelo
Published: July 2021

25I-NBOH and 25I-NBOMe simultaneously bind to sites I and II of HSA, which may affect their distribution and effects.
Computationally designedp-coumaric acid analogs: searching for neuroprotective antioxidants
Authors: Reina Miguel , Guzmán-López Eduardo Gabriel , Romeo Isabella , Marino Tiziana , Russo Nino , Galano Annia
Published: July 2021

Newly designedp-coumaric acid derivatives are promising candidates as multifunctional antioxidants with neuroprotective effects.
Dansyl–NA3 conjugates for glycoprotein detection through fluorescent tagging and native gel electrophoresis
Authors: Suchý Mojmír , Kirby Alexia , Sabloff Tara , Mulvihill Erin E. , Shuhendler Adam J.
Published: July 2021

An aldehyde-reactive fluorophore has been prepared that can afford the fluorescent detection of serum glycoproteins by native gel electrophoresis.
3D hierarchical porous carbon matching ionic liquid with ultrahigh specific surface area and appropriate porous distribution for supercapacitors
Authors: Du Quanzhou , Zhao Yuhua , Zhuo Kelei , Chen Yujuan , Yang Lifang , Wang Chunfeng , Wang Jianji
Published: July 2021

We proposed a pre-assembly method for preparing honeycomb porous carbons and the matching of nanopores with ionic liquid ions can enhance the specific capacitance and energy density of supercapacitors.
In situ monitoring of PISA morphologies
Authors: Rho Julia Y. , Scheutz Georg M. , Häkkinen Satu , Garrison John B. , Song Qiao , Yang Jie , Richardson Robert , Perrier Sébastien , Sumerlin Brent S.
Published: July 2021

Fluorescent spectroscopy is a convenient method for monitoring the progression of polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA).
Silica-nanoresin crosslinked composite polymer electrolyte for ambient-temperature all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Kuai Yixi , Wang Feifei , Yang Jun , Lu Huichao , Xu Zhixin , Xu Xiaochuan , NuLi Yanna , Wang Jiulin
Published: July 2021

A novel poly(vinyl ethylene carbonate) based composite polymer electrolyte using a cellulose membrane as a separator, adding a NR acting as both a silica filler and ETPTA crosslinker, and eventually constructing a crosslinked structure with a high modulus.
Stochastic biosensors based on N- and S-doped graphene for the enantioanalysis of aspartic acid in biological samples
Authors: Stefan-van Staden Raluca-Ioana , Gheorghe Damaris-Cristina , Ilie-Mihai Ruxandra-Maria , Tudoran Lucian-Barbu , Pruneanu Stela Maria
Published: July 2021

Stochastic biosensors based on N- and S-doped graphene modified with hemin or α-hemolysin contributed to establishing the metabolomics of gastric cancer by performing the enantioanalysis of aspartic acid in different biological samples.
Cyclic oxygen exchange capacity of Ce-doped V2O5 materials for syngas production via high-temperature thermochemical-looping reforming of methane
Authors: Riaz Asim , Lipiński Wojciech , Lowe Adrian
Published: July 2021

Cerium doping into the V2O5 lattice forms a reversible V2O3/VO redox pair after sequential methane partial oxidation and CO2/H2O splitting reactions and produces syngas (H2, CO) with fast rates and high oxygen exchange capacity.
Antiviral nanoparticle ligands identified with datamining and high-throughput virtual screening
Authors: Booker Edward Peter , Jabbour Ghassan E.
Published: July 2021

To help contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and to protect front-line workers, new antiviral measures are required.
Organic acid mediated photoelectrochemical reduction of U(vi) to U(iv) in waste water: electrochemical parameters and spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Pingping , Dong Faqin , He Dengliang , Liu Shuxin , Chen Ning , Huo Tingting
Published: July 2021

In this study, we focus on organic acid mediated photoelectrochemical reduction of U(vi) to U(iv) in waste water by α-Fe2O3/TiO2 film electrodes, which have significant implications for the migration and transformation of uranium.
Rational design of a potent macrocyclic peptide inhibitor targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 protein–protein interaction
Authors: Miao Qi , Zhang Wanheng , Zhang Kuojun , Li He , Zhu Jidong , Jiang Sheng
Published: July 2021

The co-crystal structure and CADD-guided rational design of JMPDP-027 which has comparable activity to mAb in both in vitro and in vivo tests.
High rotational speed hand-powered triboelectric nanogenerator toward a battery-free point-of-care detection system
Authors: Zhou Qitao , Chen Shuwen , Lai Jianxin , Deng Shujun , Pan Jing , Baik Jeong Min , Xia Fan
Published: July 2021

A hand-powered TENG system has been developed to kill two birds with one stone, simultaneously realizing centrifugation and rotary mechanical energy harvesting. Then, centrifugation of lake water and detection of H2O2 in it has been realized.
Anticancer activity of pyrimidodiazepines based on 2-chloro-4-anilinoquinazoline: synthesis, DNA binding and molecular docking
Authors: Cuartas Viviana , Aragón-Muriel Alberto , Liscano Yamil , Polo-Cerón Dorian , Crespo-Ortiz Maria del Pilar , Quiroga Jairo , Abonia Rodrigo , Insuasty Braulio
Published: July 2021

A new series of quinazoline-based chalcones and pyrimidodiazepines were tested against 60 human tumor cell lines.
Effect of ZnO surface morphology on its electrochemical performance
Authors: Ghannam Hajar , Silva J. P. B. , Chahboun Adil
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap between ZnO surface morphology and its electrochemical performance.
Proton solvent-controllable synthesis of manganese oxalate anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Ya-Nan , Li Shu-Shu , Kuai Hong-Xiang , Long Yun-Fei , Lv Xiao-Yan , Su Jing , Wen Yan-Xuan
Published: July 2021

Manganese oxalates with different structures and morphologies were prepared by the precipitation method in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and proton solvents.
SILP materials based on TiO2–SiO2 and TiO2–SiO2/lignin supports as new catalytic materials for hydrosilylation reaction – synthesis, physicochemical characterization and catalysis
Authors: Bartlewicz Olga , Pietrowski Mariusz , Kaczmarek Marta , Maciejewski Hieronim
Published: July 2021

24 new easily isolated and reusable Pt-SILP and Rh-SILP materials with TiO2–SiO2 and TiO2–SiO2/lignin supports, with improved durability and stability, as effective catalysts for hydrosilylation reactions.
Mechanistic insights into dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission – concerted interactions with helices 5 and 6 drive the functional outcome
Authors: Stepniewski Tomasz Maciej , Mancini Arturo , Ågren Richard , Torrens-Fontanals Mariona , Semache Meriem , Bouvier Michel , Sahlholm Kristoffer , Breton Billy , Selent Jana
Published: July 2021

Neurotransmitter contacts within the receptor binding site differentially contribute to the overall functional response: transmembrane helix (TM) 5 contacts promote G protein coupling whereas concerted TM5–TM6 contacts enhance β-arrestin recruitment.
Enhancing the thermoelectric efficiency in p-type Mg3Sb2via Mg site co-doping
Authors: Tiadi Minati , Battabyal Manjusha , Jain P. K. , Chauhan Avnee , Satapathy Dillip K. , Gopalan Raghavan
Published: July 2021

Mg3Sb2 based Zintl compounds are promising thermoelectric materials due to the abundance of magnesium and antimony in nature.
Study of non-uniform axial magnetic field induced deformation of a soft cylindrical magneto-active actuator
Authors: Hu Xiaocheng , Fu Yimou , Wu Tonghao , Qu Shaoxing
Published: July 2021

This work systematically investigates the deformation of a soft magneto-active polymeric actuator in the presence of both non-uniform magnetic fields generated by an electromagnet and mechanical loads.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS): utilizing injectable antioxidative hydrogels and ROS-producing therapies to manage the double-edged sword
Authors: He Zhonglei , Xu Qian , Newland Ben , Foley Ruth , Lara-Sáez Irene , Curtin James F. , Wang Wenxin
Published: July 2021

This review paper presents the importance of injectable antioxidative hydrogels in biomedical applications for maintaining ROS homeostasis by introducing the bioactive roles of naturally occurring or artificial ROS.
Functional biomedical materials derived from proteins in the acquired salivary pellicle
Authors: Zhang Fan , Cheng Ziying , Ding Chunmei , Li Jianshu
Published: July 2021

This review summarizes the structure–function relationship of proteins in the acquired salivary pellicle and recent advances in functional biomedical materials derived from these proteins.
A high sensitivity luminescent sensor for the stress biomarker cortisol using four-fold interpenetrated europium–organic frameworks integrated with logic gates
Authors: Tang Meng-Hua , Shi Ying , Jiang Xiao-Lei , Xu Hang , Ma Yue , Zhao Bin
Published: July 2021

A four-fold interpenetrated Ln-MOF (MHT-1) exhibits the excellent luminescence response to the stress biomarker cortisol, in which an intelligent logic gate based on MHT-1 offers a simple approach to detect cortisol with the naked eye.
Deciphering helix assembly in the heliconical nematic phase via tender resonant X-ray scattering
Authors: Cao Yu , Feng Jun , Nallapaneni Asritha , Arakawa Yuki , Zhao Keqing , Zhang Huijun , Mehl Georg H. , Zhu Chenhui , Liu Feng
Published: July 2021

Utilizing tender resonant X-ray scattering, resonance effects in twist bend nematic phase were deciphered quantitatively. Distinct helical pitch variation trend between symmetric/asymmetric dimers was further analysed by DFT computation.
Dielectric materials for electrolyte gated transistor applications
Authors: Huang Wei , Chen Jianhua , Wang Gang , Yao Yao , Zhuang Xinming , Pankow Robert M. , Cheng Yuhua , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio
Published: July 2021

In this review, the recent progress of different types of electrolyte dielectric materials for electrolyte gated transistors (EGTs) is summarized, along with the structures and operation of EGTs and their relevant applications.
Identifying SARS-CoV-2 antiviral compounds by screening for small molecule inhibitors of Nsp3 papain-like protease
Authors: Lim Chew Theng , Tan Kang Wei , Wu Mary , Ulferts Rachel , Armstrong Lee A. , Ozono Eiko , Drury Lucy S. , Milligan Jennifer C. , Zeisner Theresa U. , Zeng Jingkun , Weissmann Florian , Canal Berta , Bineva-Todd Ganka , Howell Michael , O'Reilly Nicola , Beale Rupert , Kulathu Yogesh , Labib Karim , Diffley John F.X.
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as the biggest life-threatening disease of this century. Whilst vaccination should provide a long-term solution, this is pitted against the constant threat of mutations in the virus rendering the current vaccines less effective. Consequently, small molecule antiviral agents would be extremely useful to complement the vaccination program. The causative agent of COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which encodes at least nine enzymatic activities that all have drug targeting potential. The papain-like protease (PLpro) contained in the nsp3 protein generates viral non-structural proteins from a polyprotein precursor, and cleaves ubiquitin and ISG protein conjugates. Here we describe the expression and purification of PLpro. We developed a protease assay that was used to screen a custom compound library from which we identified dihydrotanshinone I and Ro 08-2750 as compounds that inhibit PLpro in protease and isopeptidase assays and also inhibit viral replication in cell culture-based assays.
Improved fault diagnosis algorithm based on artificial immune network model and neighbourhood rough set theory
Authors: Zheng Yonghuang , Li Benhong , Zhang Shangmin
Published: July 2021

With the aim to identify new fault diagnosis and advanced robotic systems, this paper first proposes a fault diagnosis algorithm based on an artificial immune network model that can adjust the pruning threshold. Secondly, the algorithm is improved based on neighbourhood rough set theory, in which the relationships among the pruning threshold, misdiagnosis rate, and missed diagnosis rate in the shape space are discussed. In addition, an improved algorithm for adjusting the adaptively pruning threshold based solely on an observation index is described. The simulation experiments show that the algorithm can identify the new fault modes while keeping the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rates low.
Improving the energy efficiency of sorting centers by identifying objects and digit-letter information with neural networks
Authors: Ivliev Evgeniy , Obukhov Pavel , Ivliev Viktor , Medvedev Denis , Martynov Viktor
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the development and analysis of methods of identifying dynamic objects. A neural network with the architecture of SSD MobileNetV2 has been developed to solve the problem of detecting baggage tags and barcodes. Several approaches are considered to solve the problem of identifying digital-letter information: Tesseract, SSD InceptionV2, OpenCV and a convolutional neural network. The efficiency of the methods on real images was checked. It was concluded that electricity consumption can be reduced by 49.43%.
Energy efficient software and hardware configuration of the digital substation in accordance with IEC 61850
Authors: Al-Tibbi Wisam
Published: July 2021

The features of configuring software and hardware of modern data acquisition systems as part of a digital substation to comply with the international standard IEC 61850 are considered. Given recommendations for energy efficient software and hardware configuration for 110 kV, 6-35 kV and 0.4 kV power consumption level which allow you to increase the reliability of the system by 1.5-2 times.
Fixed assets reproduction and efficiency of their use in the context of the development of innovative and investment activities in the agrarian sector of the economy
Authors: Sidorenko Olga , Buraeva Elena , Shabannikova Natalia
Published: July 2021

The problem of increasing the efficiency of reproduction and use of fixed assets is relevant for the agrarian sector of the economy, since the material and technical base of agriculture requires technical modernization and renewal. The article analyzes security and quality of the fixed assets, the composition and structure of the sources of the fixed assets reproduction; the indicators of the efficiency of the fixed assets reproduction and their use are analyzed. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, groups of enterprises with the most optimal capital productivity indicators were identified, which served as the basis for determining the directions and reserves for increasing the efficiency of the fixed assets use in the agrarian sector of the economy.
Optimization of the energy efficiency of an integrated security system based on modeling its optimal structure
Authors: Belokurov Sergey , Skrypnikov Alexei , Kondratov Oleg , Levushkin Dmitry , Tveritnev Oleg
Published: July 2021

As a result of system modeling we built a global model of the integrated security system as an information system. The proposed model allows us to differentiate one model into a set of private models, the elements of which one by one form the stages of its operation. The model of structural functioning proposed in the work, based on the analysis of the schedule of different states gave the key to understanding the permissible-possible stages of reducing the time of decision-making and thereby optimize its energy efficiency.
Significant impact of intercritical annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al substituted Si dual phase steel under ultra-rapid heating
Authors: Deng Yonggang , Misra R. Devesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

The significant impact of ultra-rapid heating continuous annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al substituted Si dual phase steel under hot-dip galvanized process was studied. The heating rate of 300 °C/s, and different annealing temperatures in the range of 750 °C to 810 °C were explored. The study indicated that the yield and tensile strengths are increased with the increase of intercritical annealing temperature during rapid heating continuous annealing. When the annealing temperature was 780 °C, the steel exhibited good comprehensive properties with yield strength of 574.9 MPa, tensile strength up to 1009 MPa, total elongation of 18.5%. This is attributed to refined microstructure, appropriate proportion of phases, high density of dislocations and finely distributed NbC precipitates. Furthermore, the variations in strength, elongation and strain-hardening behavior of the steel with thermomechanical parameters and the inherent mechanism for strengthening were further discussed in relation to the microstructural features.
Kann ich eine erste Osteopathie-behandlung mit der Positionsnummer 2 abrechnen?
Authors: Kämper Siegfried
Published: July 2021

Diese Kollegenfrage beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob eine erste Osteopathiebehandlung mit der Positionsnummer 2 als ausführliches Krankenexamen abgerechnet werden kann.
Für eine erfolgreiche Teilhabe am Schulalltag – Betätigungsorientiertes Aktivierungstraining
Authors: Buthke Fritz , Kewekordes Rabea
Published: July 2021

Das BATS ist ein Trainingsprogramm für Grundschulkinder mit Lern- und Leistungsschwierigkeiten, das direkt in der Schule stattfindet. Über gemeinsam geführte Zielgespräche, Klassentrainings und Lehrercoachingserreicht man sowohl Kinder als auch die Eltern und die Lehrkräfte.
Zwischen Schaden und Nutzen – Elektronische Medien im Vorschulalter
Authors: Mall Volker , Paulus Frank W.
Published: July 2021

Inwieweit nutzen jüngere Kinder elektronische Medien? Und überhaupt – welche Bedeutung haben die neuen Medien und die zunehmende Medialisierung der kindlichen Lebenswelt für die Entwicklung und Gesundheit eines Kindes? Ein Überblick über aktuelle Studien und Handlungsempfehlungen.
Im stillen Dialog
Authors: Werner Elke
Published: July 2021

Shiatsu wurzelt als eine sanfte, konkrete und meridianorientierte Körperarbeit in der japanischen Tradition und basiert vor allem auf Ki-Arbeit und Erfahrungswissen. Durch einen nonverbalen, berührungsvermittelten Dialog tritt der Patient mit seinem Körper in tiefen, stillen Kontakt, sodass sich Vertrauen, Entspannung und Selbstregulation entwickeln können. Auch bei psychosomatischen Erkrankungen eignet sich Shiatsu, so auch im vorgestellten Fall, in dem eine 12-jährige Patientin aus ihrer Anorexie und Zwangsstörung begleitet wurde.
Celiac Artery Thrombosis and Splenic Infarction as a Consequence of Mild COVID-19 Infection: Report of an Unusual Case
Authors: Arslan Gokhan
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 has been associated with the hypercoagulable state in the literature. Patients who are admitted to the hospital with severe COVID-19 may have some thrombotic complications. These patients have a high risk for venous and arterial thrombosis of large and small vessels. Here, a 42-year-old female with celiac artery thrombosis and splenic infarction after a history of mild COVID-19 was presented.
Predictors of Failure of Noninvasive Ventilation in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Baker Alyson K. , Beardsley Andrew L. , Leland Brian D. , Moser Elizabeth A. , Lutfi Riad L. , Cristea A. Ioana , Rowan Courtney M.
Published: July 2021

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a common modality employed to treat acute respiratory failure. Most data guiding its use is extrapolated from adult studies. We sought to identify clinical predictors associated with failure of NIV, defined as requiring intubation. This single-center retrospective observational study included children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between July 2014 and June 2016 treated with NIV, excluding postextubation. A total of 148 patients was included. Twenty-seven (18%) failed NIV. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to age, gender, comorbidities, or etiology of acute respiratory failure. Those that failed had higher admission pediatric risk of mortality (p = 0.01) and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (p = 0.002) scores and higher fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2; p = 0.009) at NIV initiation. Failure was associated with lack of improvement in tachypnea. At 6 hours of NIV, the failure group had worsening tachypnea with a median increase in respiratory rate of 8%, while the success group had a median reduction of 18% (p = 0.06). Multivariable Cox's proportional hazard models revealed FiO2 at initiation and worsening respiratory rate at 1- and 6-hour significant risks for failure of NIV. Failure was associated with a significantly longer PICU length of stay (success [2.8 days interquartile range (IQR): 1.7, 5.5] vs. failure [10.6 days IQR: 5.6, 13.2], p < 0.001). NIV can be successfully employed to treat acute respiratory failure in pediatric patients. There should be heightened concern for NIV failure in hypoxemic patients whose tachypnea is unresponsive to NIV. A trend toward improvement should be closely monitored.
Enhanced photoacoustic effect for simultaneous imaging and drug release using phase-transition mesoporous silicon nanoprobe
Authors: Zhong Junping , Chen Jinying , Tan Haishu , Chen Guojie , Han Dingan , Wang Mingyi , Xiong Honglian , Wang Xuehua , Zeng Yaguang
Published: July 2021

Probe-assisted integration of imaging and therapy into a single modality provides tremendous opportunities in biological applications. In this study, phase-transition-mediated cavitation was used for simultaneous photoacoustic imaging (PA) and triggering drug release. For this purpose, we developed unique phase-transition mesoporous silicon nanoprobes (ICG/PFC/PTX@MSNs) consisting of indocyanine green (ICG), perfluorocarbon (PFC), and paclitaxel (PTX). For high-dose laser irradiation, the encapsulated ICG absorbs laser energy, providing localized heating well over the supercritical temperature of PFC. Then, liquid PFC was subjected to a liquid-to-gas phase transition, which generated stronger PA signals and promoted fast drug release. The enhancement of ICG/PFC/PTX@MSNs for PA imaging was demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The average PA signal based on the phase-transition mechanism was ∼3 times higher than that of the traditionally used thermal expansion mechanism. Furthermore, the rapid drug release based on the same phase-transition-mediated cavitation mechanism can be achieved simultaneously; eventually, ∼80.4% of the total encapsulated drug were released. The hematoxylin–eosin stained section of tumor tissues from the ICG/PFC/PTX@MSN group showed many dead cells with condensed nuclei and pyknosis. This method not only promotes efficacy of chemotherapy but also makes accurate imaging-guided chemotherapy possible.
Performance improvement of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin-film solar cells by optimizing the selenization temperature
Authors: Lv Xiaogong , Zhu Chengjun , Yang Yanchun , Liu Ruijian , Fan Wenliang , Wang Yiming
Published: July 2021

In this work, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) precursor films were deposited using a water-based solution approach. Subsequently, selenization was performed at different temperatures in the range of 480–610 °C to prepare Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) absorber-layer films. The effects of the selenization temperature on the crystallinity, structure, morphology, and photoelectric properties of CZTSSe thin films, as well as the performance of solar cells constructed using these films, were systematically studied. The absorber-layer films selenized at different temperatures all formed pure-phase CZTSSe and had basically the same film thickness. It was found that application of an optimal selenization temperature can enhance the crystallinity, crystal grain size, and mobility and reduce the resistivity of CZTSSe films. Selenization at 550 °C resulted in the largest grain size (∼μm), the highest crystallinity, the highest mobility (4.29 cm2 V−1 s−1), the lowest resistivity (3.13 × 102 Ω cm), the thinner fine-grained layer, a bandgap value of 1.21 eV, and a Cu-poor, Zn-rich elemental composition [Cu/(Zn + Sn) = 0.85 and Zn/Sn = 1.16]. The power-conversion efficiency was improved from 3.04% in a CZTSSe cell device with an absorber layer selenized at 480 °C to 4.69% in a film selenized at 550 °C. This was mainly due to the improvement of the crystallinity, crystal grain growth, and reduction of the fine-grained layer of the CZTSSe film. These results show that optimizing the selenization temperature is essential for enhancing the performance and the ultimate device efficiency of CZTSSe absorber layers prepared using a water-based solution approach.
Defect detection in vehicle mirror nonplanar surfaces with multi-scale atrous single-shot detect mechanism
Authors: Li Chuanchang , Cui Guohua , Zhang Weiwei , Chen Saixuan , Yang Yinyi
Published: July 2021

Surface quality inspection is important for vehicle rearview mirrors. Surface quality defects, such as bubbles, particles, cracks, and scratches, may appear during the production process. Traditionally, manual inspection is time-consuming, laborious, low in accuracy, and costly. In recent years, object detectors based on deep learning have been used for defect detection [such as single shot detectors (SSDs)], and object detectors mostly detect the details of small objects at a shallow level. However, the lack of shallow semantic information will lead to inaccuracy. The deep layer has more semantic information, but the deep layer cannot be detected due to the effect of the complete convolutional layer in the convolutional neural network. In this article, we propose an enhanced SSD method to detect micro-defects on the nonplanar surface of vehicle rearview mirrors. We call it the multi-scale atrous single-shot detector (MSASSD). Specifically, we first replace the maximum pool depth layer with an unconscious convolutional layer to expand the receiving field without reducing the size of the input image. Then, we link the shallow layer to the deep layer through the fusion block to form new and rich fusion features for object detection. Finally, we use multi-scale features (including deep features and fusion features) to predict defects. The results show that our MSASSD method can improve the average accuracy of defect detection (about 1.2% compared with the SSD method), while the detection speed is equivalent (low about two frames per second compared to the SSD method).
A discrete scheme of the fluid motion equation based on the pore-scale SPH method
Authors: Yang Gaosheng , Rao Dengyu , Cai Guoqing , Zhou Rui
Published: July 2021

To study the phenomenon of convection diffusion and solute migration in porous media, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method is used to solve the N–S equation describing pore water flow and the linear homogeneous second-order differential equation describing the solute diffusion process. The accuracy of the simulation method is verified by solving the one-dimensional definite solution of the convection diffusion equation at a low Peclet (Pe) number. Under the condition of a high Pe number, the simulation experiment of solute breakthrough porous media at the pore scale is simulated. Through the analysis of the velocity distribution of fluid particles in pore channels of porous media and the mechanical dispersion process of solutes in porous media, it is found that the flow velocity presents a parabolic distribution in the pore channel, and the particles with high velocity are mainly concentrated in the middle of the pore channel between the solid particles. The solute dispersion is obvious in porous media, and some fluid particles containing solutes penetrate porous media earlier along fast-flowing pore channels. Finally, the solute breakthrough curve and the motion path length of the particle are obtained through the simulation experiment. The calculation methods of the dispersion degree and tortuosity of porous media are further given, and the dispersion degree of porous media in this paper is 0.000 95 m.
Simulation of polarization dynamics in semi-insulating, Cr-compensated GaAs pixelated sensors under high x-ray fluxes
Authors: Zambon P.
Published: July 2021

We developed a numerical solver for the drift–diffusion and Poisson equations in one-dimensional semiconductor detectors, including the possibility of an arbitrary number of donors and acceptors acting as trapping centers, Schottky or Ohmic contact type, velocity saturation at high electric fields, and external illumination. The temporal evolution of the system is computed by solving the full set of coupled differential equations self-consistently at each time step. An adaptive algorithm dynamically adjusts the time step allowing one to accurately track dynamics occurring at any relevant time scale within acceptable computational times. We investigated the case of semi-insulating, Cr-compensated GaAs sensors under illumination of monochromatic x-ray, showing the behavior of all the main quantities with special focus on the phenomenon of polarization, i.e., the space charge accumulation leading to the collapse of the electric field and signal loss. The model predictions are in agreement with experimental count rate efficiency data obtained with a 500 μm-thick GaAs:Cr sensor, readout by an IBEX photon counting application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with a pixel size of 75 µm and illuminated with 55 keV x-ray over a wide range of impinging fluxes. Finally, we investigated the maximum sustainable flux for the same detector type illuminated with monochromatic x-ray in the range 10–60 keV.
High thermal stability of anti-ferromagnetic coupled molecules with FeCo layers
Authors: Avvisati Giulia , Gargiani Pierluigi , Mariani Carlo , Betti Maria Grazia
Published: July 2021

We propose the optimization of the magnetic remanence and the thermal stability of Mn phthalocyanine coupled with a ferromagnetic substrate, by exploiting interlayer exchange coupling within an advanced organic spin interface architecture, constituted by a FeCo film covered by a graphene membrane, hosting the MnPc molecular layer. The challenge to obtain magnetic remanence for molecular systems stable up to room temperature has been accomplished thanks to a super-exchange path, mediated by the π orbital of the organic ligands of the molecule and of the graphene sheet, favoring an antiferromagnetic (AFM) alignment for the MnPc molecules with the FeCo film. This spin interface with a strong AFM coupling mediated by a graphene spacer is optimized against thermal fluctuations, presenting a well defined remanence even at room temperature, as demonstrated by the persistent dichroic signal in temperature-dependent circularly polarized x-ray absorption spectra.
Editorial: Understanding molecular interactions that underpin vascular mechanobiology
Authors: Engler Adam J. , Wang Yingxiao
Published: July 2021

Cells are exposed to a variety of mechanical forces in their daily lives, especially endothelial cells that are stretched from vessel distention and are exposed to hemodynamic shear stress from a blood flow. Exposure to excessive forces can induce a disease, but the molecular details on how these cells perceive forces, transduce them into biochemical signals and genetic events, i.e., mechanotransduction, and integrate them into physiological or pathological changes remain unclear. However, seminal studies in endothelial cells over the past several decades have begun to elucidate some of these signals. These studies have been highlighted in APL Bioengineering and elsewhere, describing a complex temporal pattern where forces are sensed immediately by ion channels and force-dependent conformational changes in surface proteins, followed by biochemical cascades, cytoskeletal contraction, and nuclear remodeling that can affect long-term changes in endothelial morphology and fate. Key examples from the endothelial literature that have established these pathways include showing that integrins and Flk-1 or VE-cadherin act as shear stress transducers, activating downstream proteins such as Cbl and Nckβ or Src, respectively. In this Editorial, we summarize a recent literature highlighting these accomplishments, noting the engineering tools and analysis methods used in these discoveries while also highlighting unanswered questions.
Influence of Sb2 soaking on strained InAs0.8Sb0.2/Al0.2Ga0.8Sb multiple quantum well interfaces
Authors: Wang Wenqi , Li Yangfeng , Zhang Junyang , Deng Zhen , Wang Wenxin , Jia Haiqiang , Chen Hong
Published: July 2021

InAsSb/AlGaSb systems have potential in mid-wavelength infrared detection and laser fields. Thus, their heteroepitaxial crystal quality and heterointerface are of great importance. Herein, the quantum well structure based on InAs0.8Sb0.2/Al0.2Ga0.8Sb was grown by interruption with and without Sb2 soaking methods by molecular beam epitaxy to optimize the interface quality and adjust the heterostructure strain. Narrow and well-defined satellite peaks in high-resolution x-ray diffraction patterns manifest good crystal quality of the sample with 15 s Sb2 soaking interruption. The relaxation of sample A without Sb2 soaking interruption is ∼23% calculated by the reciprocal space mappings, while there is no relaxation found in sample B with 15 s Sb2 soaking. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were carried out. They showed sharp and coherent heterointerfaces generated by adding interruptions with an Sb2 overpressure before and after InAsSb layer growth. Furthermore, the atomic force microscopy images of a 5 × 5 μm2 scan area show that the surface of sample B with Sb2 soaking contains atomic steps with a root-mean-square roughness of 1.44 Å. The photoluminescence peaks of the samples located in the range of 3–4 µm show that these InAsSb/AlGaSb material systems have potential applications in mid-wavelength optoelectrical devices.
A microscope for measuring surface acidity
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: July 2021

An atomic tug-of-war offers a rare insight into the chemistry of complex environments.
Soviet uranium boosters
Authors: Mellor Robynne
Published: July 2021

In the Soviet Union, private entrepreneurship was largely forbidden, and scientists were in charge of prospecting for radioactive minerals. Their work in the early 20th century laid the basis for the Soviet nuclear project.
Machine-learning-assisted modeling
Authors: E Weinan , Han Jiequn , Zhang Linfeng
Published: July 2021

By integrating artificial intelligence algorithms and physics-based simulations, researchers are developing new models that are both reliable and interpretable.
Lessons for animal nutrition and production science from the Australian Academy of Science Decadal Plan for the Science of Nutrition
Authors: Gidley Michael J.
Published: July 2021

The Australian Academy of Science recently released a Decadal Plan for the Science of Nutrition. This plan was focussed on human nutrition, but it is worth considering implications for production animal science and parallels with animal nutrition. One implication for animal production is the need to understand nutrition for health benefits at the whole-of-diet level rather than as a sum of individual foods or nutrients, providing a driver to studies of human food combinations (meals) as well as of feed ingredient interaction effects in animal diets. A second parallel is in the understanding of differences in individual/genotype responses to food/feed. In humans this is termed personalised nutrition and in animals it is becoming a key driver for genetic selection and nutrition management. A third area involves the need for a Trusted Voice in what is a contested media space for both human foods and animal production. While there are different contexts, there remains much that the animal production nutrition and human nutrition communities can learn from each other.
Mangrove mapping using Sentinel-1 data for improved decision support on sustainable conservation and restoration interventions in the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site, Ghana
Authors: Ashiagbor George , Asante Winston Adams , Quaye-Ballard Jonathan Arthur , Forkuo Eric Kwabena , Acheampong Emmanuel , Foli Ernest
Published: July 2021

Despite the conservation importance of the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site (KLCRS), obtaining information on the extent and distribution of mangroves is challenging due to the unavailability of optical satellite data. This research explored Sentinel-1 radar data to provide information on mangrove distribution in the KLCRS. Global positioning system points from 443 training and 196 validation sites were used. In addition, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to corroborate information on mangrove distribution. Sentinel-1 data were processed for backscatter coefficients and two backscatter derivatives. These were stacked into a four-layer image composite and classified using a support vector machine. An overall classification accuracy of 89.28% was obtained. In addition, user and producer accuracies of 100 and 97.3% respectively were obtained for the mangrove class. The results show that mangroves occupy a total area of 41.02 km2 in the KLCRS and are mostly found around the Salo, Bomigo, Anyanui and Dzita communities. This study demonstrates the possibility of using Sentinel-1 imagery to map mangroves within the KLCRS. Thus, this study serves as a guideline for other data-constrained mangrove landscapes to map and monitor mangroves for conservation and restoration actions.
Contrasting genetic signal of recolonization after rainforest fragmentation in African trees with different dispersal abilities
Authors: Piñeiro Rosalía , Hardy Olivier J. , Tovar Carolina , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Garrett Vieira Filipe , Gilbert M. Thomas P.
Published: July 2021

Significance

Although today the rainforest is continuous in Central Africa, the scarce fossil record suggests that arid conditions during the ice ages might have reduced tree density. However, the vast majority of the fossil pollen cores preserved in Tropical Africa are too young to inform about this period. Investigating whether the climate change left a genetic signature on trees can thus be useful to date past forest fragmentation. We use DNA technology to study five legume trees. Our results show significant differentiation of the populations of each species at a date compatible with forest fragmentation driven by ice age climatic oscillations. Contrasted timescales were obtained for each species, in agreement with different recolonization abilities in an expanding forest biome after fragmentation.
Tryptophan-metabolizing gut microbes regulate adult neurogenesis via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Wei George Zhang , Martin Katherine A. , Xing Peter Yuli , Agrawal Ruchi , Whiley Luke , Wood Thomas K. , Hejndorf Sophia , Ng Yong Zhi , Low Jeremy Zhi Yan , Rossant Janet , Nechanitzky Robert , Holmes Elaine , Nicholson Jeremy K. , Tan Eng-King , Matthews Paul M. , Pettersson Sven
Published: July 2021

Significance

While the effects of gut microbes on brain development and function have been described, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report that tryptophan-metabolizing gut microbes secrete indoles that regulate neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. This stimulatory effect on adult neurogenesis is mediated by the metabolic- and immune-linked aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Another AhR ligand, the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine, failed to induce neurogenesis, suggesting ligand specificity of AhR-mediated regulation of adult neurogenesis. The indole-AhR signaling pathway elevates transcription factors and signaling proteins that promote adult neurogenesis, as well as key markers of synaptic maturation. Our data demonstrate a symbiotic gut–brain coregulatory axis that connects the metabolic status of gut microbes to the control of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus.
A fluorescence-based genetic screen reveals diverse mechanisms silencing small RNA signaling in
E. coli
Authors: Chen Jiandong , To Leann , de Mets Francois , Luo Xing , Majdalani Nadim , Tai Chin-Hsien , Gottesman Susan
Published: July 2021

Significance

The ability to promptly switch genes on and off allows bacteria to adapt rapidly to changing environments for better survival. Many small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), including RyhB, a sRNA made in response to iron starvation, are important switches in bacteria. We discovered factors that can keep the sRNA switch off by using a facile genetic screen platform. These factors include an RNA sponge and an adaptor protein for a ribonuclease, providing distinct perspectives on controlling sRNA signaling in bacteria.