bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Captive propagation and observations of the endangered species Cicindela (Abroscelis) anchoralis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) in South Korea
Authors: Cha Deokjea , Jung Jong‐Kook
Published: December 2024

Establishing a captive propagation method is a fundamental approach that may be critical for conserving endangered species whose populations are rapidly decreasing due to habitat destruction and climate change.

We explored the behavioural and physiological characteristics of the endangered beach tiger beetle, Cicindela (Abroscelis) anchoralis, in South Korea and established captive propagation from adult to the 2nd instar larvae in the laboratory to implement reinforcement and reintroduction.

Because of the burrowing behaviour of the larva, which inhabits beaches that are periodically flooded, a longer development period was required compared to other tiger beetle larvae. Under identical feeding conditions, adults had a lifespan averaging 100 days, with no difference between the sexes. In addition, the average number of eggs laid per adult female during their lifespan was 70 eggs under optimum feeding conditions. Moreover, the individual larvae‐rearing and overwintering methods showed average mortality rates of 8% and 16%, respectively, indicating that securing a large population for reintroduction is possible.

Our results revealed that captive breeding methods for C. anchoralis can provide a healthy rearing method from eggs to larvae, reflecting the observed behavioural and physiological traits. We recommend that the captive propagation method of tiger beetles be adjusted to consider species' traits that vary depending on their habitat characteristics.
Examining the Influenza A Virus Sialic Acid Binding Preference Predictions of a Sequence‐Based Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Borkenhagen Laura K. , Runstadler Jonathan A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Though receptor binding specificity is well established as a contributor to host tropism and spillover potential of influenza A viruses, determining receptor binding preference of a specific virus still requires expensive and time‐consuming laboratory analyses. In this study, we pilot a machine learning approach for prediction of binding preference.

Methods

We trained a convolutional neural network to predict the α2,6‐linked sialic acid preference of influenza A viruses given the hemagglutinin amino acid sequence. The model was evaluated with an independent test dataset to assess the standard performance metrics, the impact of missing data in the test sequences, and the prediction performance on novel subtypes. Further, features found to be important to the generation of predictions were tested via targeted mutagenesis of H9 and H16 proteins expressed on pseudoviruses.

Results

The final model developed in this study produced predictions on a test dataset correctly 94% of the time and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93. The model tolerated about 10% missing test data without compromising accurate prediction performance. Predictions on novel subtypes revealed that the model can extrapolate feature relationships between subtypes when generating binding predictions. Finally, evaluation of the features important for model predictions helped identify positions that alter the sialic acid conformation preference of hemagglutinin proteins in practice.

Conclusions

Ultimately, our results provide support to this in silico approach to hemagglutinin receptor binding preference prediction. This work emphasizes the need for ongoing research efforts to produce tools that may aid future pandemic risk assessment.
Design of Cf/SiCf/Si3N4f multifiber layered composite with enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption properties
Authors: Zhu Henghai , Hu Yue , Men Xiaolong , Zhang Qinzhao , Pang Liang , Xiao Peng , Luo Heng , Zhou Wei , Li Yang
Published: December 2024

Traditional fiber‐reinforced composites with single‐layered electrical conductivity (EC) face limitations with respect to electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) bandwidth and strength. This study introduces a novel Cf/SiCf/Si3N4f layered composite (multifiber layered composite, MFLC), prepared via fiber alignment and curing, which capitalizes on the distinct ECs of carbon fibers (Cf), silicon carbide fibers (SiCf), and silicon nitride fibers (Si3N4f) to address these limitations. The Si3N4f layer enhances the impedance matching, deepening EW penetration and curtailing reflection. The conductive Cf and SiCf layers lead to substantial energy dissipation through conduction loss. Electric field simulations confirmed the regulatory effect of Si3N4f layer on EC, thereby facilitating the optimization of impedance matching. MFLCs achieved a minimum reflection loss of −68.52 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.23 GHz in the X–Ku band. The optimally matched composites demonstrated exceptional EWA performance, attaining the radar cross section reduction of up to 149.9%. The MFLCs hold significant promise as a novel class of lightweight, highly efficient, and wide‐bandwidth EW absorbers.
Structural basis and bonding mechanisms for mechanical and thermal properties of rare earth oxides
Authors: Chu Kaili , Zhang Yanning , Liu Baoshuai , Fang Wenhui , Zhao Juanli , Li Wenxian , Li Yiran , Liu Bin
Published: December 2024

In this work, we have investigated the mechanical and thermal properties of rare earth sesquioxides A/B/C‐RE2O3 (RE = La to Lu) by using the first‐principles calculation. It is shown that the lattice parameters of RE2O3 generally decrease with the rare earth atomic number owing to the lanthanide contraction. Compared to [REO6] polyhedrons, all [REO7] polyhedrons present the longer RE‐O bonds and the lower energies in spite of different polymorphs. Meanwhile, the elastic moduli show clear increasing tendency from A‐RE2O3 to C‐RE2O3 and from La2O3 to Lu2O3, which may originate from the stronger covalancy or weaker ionicity according to P‐V‐L chemical bond theory. In addition, the theoretical minimum thermal conductivity is predicted in range of 0.57–0.61 W·m1·K−1, 0.68–0.72 W·m−1·K−1, and 0.59–0.73 W·m−1·K−1 for A‐, B‐, and C‐RE2O3, respectively. Further analysis about temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity indicates that the chemical bonds dominate the increasing thermal conductivity with RE elements while the structural complexity determines the difference between three phases. This work provides a comprehensive database on structural, mechanical and thermal properties of RE2O3, but also shields light on the exploration of rare‐earth‐containing oxides with complex structure for potential applications including thermal/environmental barrier coatings.
Commentary: Without Values, Complexity is Reduced to Mathematics
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha
Published: December 2024

This commentary on Sturmberg and Mercuri's paper ‘Every Problem is Embedded in a Greater Whole’ [1] argues that those authors have approached complexity from a largely mathematical perspective, drawing on the work of Sumpter. Whilst such an approach allows us to challenge the simple linear causality assumed in randomised controlled trials, it is itself limited. Mathematical complexity can explain nonlinearity and network effects but it cannot explain human values. It overlooks, for example, how science itself is historically and culturally shaped and how values‐driven misunderstandings and conflicts are inevitable when people with different world views come together to try to solve a problem. This paper argues that the mathematical version of complexity thinking is necessary but not sufficient in medical research, and that we need to enhance such thinking further with attention to human values.
Topographic Evaluation of the Remineralizing Potential of Biomimetic Scaffolds on Enamel White Spot Lesions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Soliman Eman M. , Abdelfattah Wegdan M. , Mohamed Doaa R. , Nagui Dina A. , Holiel Ahmed A.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The modern approach to managing noncavitated white spot lesions (WSLs) emphasizes noninvasive strategies and biomimetic remineralization. Biomimetic scaffolds are designed to regenerate dental tissues rather than simply repair them. This study aimed to assess lesion depth, enamel structure, and the elemental composition of artificially induced WSLs after treatment with biomimetic remineralization techniques.

Materials and Methods

Ninety‐six freshly extracted anterior teeth, free from caries or enamel defects and extracted due to periodontal disease, were used. White spot lesions were induced on the labial surfaces, and the samples were divided into three groups based on the remineralizing agent: Group I, treated with casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP), which served as the positive control; Group II, treated with self‐assembling peptide P11‐4 (SAP‐P11‐4); and Group III, treated with phosphorylated nano‐chitosan (Pchi‐ACP). Enamel topography was analyzed at baseline and after treatment using polarized light microscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was conducted using one‐way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn's post hoc test (p = 0.05).

Results

The Kruskal–Wallis test indicated a significant difference in remineralization potential among the groups. Pchi‐ACP showed the greatest reduction in lesion depth (62.65%), demonstrating significant subsurface enamel remineralization. This group also exhibited a smooth, regular enamel surface with shallow linear depressions. Elemental analysis confirmed successful calcium phosphate precipitation in Pchi‐ACP, indicating a trend toward enamel regeneration.

Conclusion

Pchi‐ACP represents a promising biomimetic and minimally invasive approach for treating early WSLs, signifying a transition toward regenerative dentistry. (SAP‐P11‐4), while effective, was less successful than phosphorylated nano‐chitosan but outperformed (CPP‐ACP).

Clinical Significance

Pchi‐ACP demonstrates significant potential for minimally invasive treatment of early noncavitated carious lesions. By preserving natural tooth structure, this approach could greatly enhance oral health outcomes in the long term.
Exploring the multifaceted impacts of convertible bond issuance on stock market quality: Evidence from China
Authors: Xin Jianxuan , Ye Qiang , Xia Hao
Published: December 2024

We investigate how convertible bond issuance impacts stock market quality across four dimensions: liquidity, price efficiency, excess returns, and volatility, using Chinese market data. Findings reveal that convertible bond issuance enhances liquidity and price efficiency but also leads to increased volatility and reduced excess returns. We identify two primary mechanisms: first, the conversion of convertible bonds impacts all four dimensions of market quality; second, high‐frequency trading of these bonds reduces stock market volatility, mitigating the overall effect. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that these effects are stronger among firms with smaller market capitalizations, lower‐rated convertible bonds, and during negative sentiment periods.
Effective management of acne fulminans: Two case reports highlighting fluorescent light energy therapy
Authors: Estebaranz Jose Luis López , Bordignon Matteo , Tardugno Roberta , Nielsen Michael Canova Engelbrecht
Published: December 2024

Background

Acne vulgaris stands as a prevailing skin condition among adolescents worldwide.

Objectives

The primary aim in addressing acne is to manage it effectively, preventing the occurrence of permanent scarring.

Materials and Methods

This case report outlines the experiences of two adolescent boys grappling with acne fulminans. Initial treatments encompassed isotretinoin, corticosteroids, and doxycycline, until they were discontinued due to their ineffectiveness and the emergence of adverse side effects such as headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Subsequently, fluorescent light energy (FLE) therapy was introduced to tackle these severe cases.

Results

After 4 months of FLE therapy, the patients exhibited significant improvements in their condition. Six months post treatment initiation, both patients have sustained a symptom free state, marked by the absence of active lesions.

Conclusion

FLE therapy effectively treated the acne fulminans cases reported and could be considered as a valid treatment option.
Exploring the Safety and Satisfaction of Patients Injected With Collagen Biostimulators—A Prospective Investigation Into Injectable Poly‐l‐Lactic Acid (PLLA)
Authors: Bravo Bruna S. F. , Calvacante Thamires , Nobre Camila Silveira , Bravo Leonardo G. , Zafra Maria Carolina , Elias Mariana Calomeni
Published: December 2024

Background

Esthetic medicine has shifted significantly toward non‐surgical procedures, with the collagen biostimulator poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) becoming increasingly popular for facial rejuvenation. However, the safety and patient satisfaction associated with PLLA facial treatments remain largely unexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of PLLA treatment and assess patient mid‐ and long‐term satisfaction with the outcome.

Methods

This prospective single‐center study was conducted at Bravo Clinic in Rio de Janeiro from August 2023 to August 2024. The patients' mid and lower face was treated by injecting Rennova Elleva (a collagen biostimulator containing 210 mg of PLLA) into the zygomatic and pre‐masseteric regions. All patients underwent monthly clinical evaluations for the first 150 days and kept diaries to self‐record any adverse effects during the first 30 days. Patient satisfaction was measured using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) on days 90 and 150 post‐injection.

Results

The study included 52 female patients [mean age: 49.87 ± 10.7 years; mean body mass index (BMI): 23.99 ± 3.5 kg/m2]. Patients reported mild to moderate injection site reactions, including redness, pain, hardening, swelling, lumps, bruises, and skin discoloration, with most symptoms resolving within a few days. Clinically, no major adverse events were noted, except for one small, painless nodulation that resolved without intervention. On post‐injection Day 90, the average GAIS was rated at 2.32 ± 1.0. This rating remained stable at Day 150, with an average GAIS of 2.32 ± 0.8 (p = 0.862). Inverse correlations were identified between the duration of mild pain and GAIS (rs = −0.546, p = 0.035), as well as between the duration of mild bruises and GAIS (rs = −0.598, p = 0.019). The duration of moderate pain was significantly associated with age (rs = −0.894, p = 0.041).

Conclusion

Rennova Elleva, a PLLA‐based collagen biostimulator, is safe and well‐tolerated with a low incidence of adverse effects. It provides long‐lasting, satisfactory results for patients with mild to moderate facial sagging, rendering it an effective non‐surgical option for enhancing facial esthetics.
Treatment Outcomes for Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra Using Low‐Intensity Electrodesiccation Device in African Patients
Authors: Maruma Frans , Dlova Ncoza , Mofokeng Thabiso Rafaki Petrus , Al‐Niaimi Firas
Published: December 2024

Objective

We aimed to document the treatment outcomes of African patients treated with low‐intensity electrodesiccation for DPN's. Other treatment options for DPN's include snip excision, light curettage, cryotherapy, and lasers devices such as PDL, Nd: YAG, KTP, and CO2, which are generally unsafe for darker skin types and come with high costs.

Methods

Nonprobability convenience sampling of patient records was used to extract retrospective data on demographics and treatment outcomes according to the inclusion criteria. The retrospective data analysis included chi‐squared tests for associations, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and logistic regression analysis to examine relationships between dependent and independent variables.

Results

A total of 137 patients were included in the study, with the majority being female (n = 129; 94.16%) compared with their male counterparts (n = 8; 5.84%). Most patients were under 40 years of age (n = 74; 54.00%), whereas the remaining were above 40 years of age (n = 63; 46.00%). The majority of patients had Fitzpatrick skin type V (n = 99; 72.26%). Adverse events such as milia (n = 4) and scarring (n = 2) were observed, but these were not associated with age, sex, or survival rate (p value > 0.05).

Limitations

The study was conducted at a single center, which limits the ability to generalize the results.

Conclusion

The low‐intensity electrodesiccation technique was found to be a safe and cost‐effective method for treating DPN's in African patients.
“We Were Just so Sad and Devastated”: NICU Nurses' Stories of Caring for Families With Substance‐Exposed Pregnancies
Authors: Welborn Amber C. , Gringle Meredith R. , Nichols Tracy
Published: December 2024

This secondary analysis re‐examined stories of caregiving told by NICU nurses in the southeast US through a trauma theory lens expanding on research surrounding substance‐exposed pregnancies. Narrative analysis identified distress‐related experiences of nurses related to child custody decisions and outcomes, suggesting traumatic stress within this caregiving dynamic. Four distinct story types and three themes were identified across 23 stories, highlighting similarities and differences and illustrating how distress and trauma were experienced and may be manifested in care practices. Study findings suggest cumulative and residual effects from traumatic experiences can impact NICU nurses' well‐being and care provision, in part by promoting anticipatory trauma. The role of relationship‐building with families, as part of family‐centered care, was also implicated in the intensity of distressful experiences and may increase nurses' vulnerability to trauma as well as create pathways to stigmatizing interactions. Incorporating principles of relational ethics into nurse practice guidelines, while recognizing how care work can influence and be influenced by the potential pathways from trauma to stigma, may provide valuable support for nurses. The application of such a framework could potentially reduce distressing and/or traumatic experiences for nurses caring for families with a substance‐exposed pregnancy.
A Knowledge‐Guided Spatio‐Temporal Correlation Measure Considering Rules and Dependency Syntax for Knowledge Graph Adaptive Representation
Authors: Qiu Qinjun , Li Haiyan , Hu Xinxin , Tian Miao , Ma Kai , Zhu Yunqiang , Sun Kai , Li Weirong , Wang Shu , Xie Zhong
Published: December 2024

Geographic knowledge graphs (KGs) mainly describe static facts and have difficulty representing changes, greatly limiting their application in geographic information retrieval and geographic spatio‐temporal processes. By analyzing the spatio‐temporal features and evolution of geographic elements, this paper measures the degree of correlation between spatio‐temporal information and tuples and further accurately characterizes the semantic knowledge of tuples to support accurate computation and inference of KGs. This paper proposes a novel knowledge‐guided quantitative measure framework for spatio‐temporal correlation by considering rules and dependency syntax from natural language texts. Firstly, the natural language processing (NLP) stage preprocess the texts and extracts the candidate tuples by dependency syntactic analysis and rule matching. Secondly, we model the spatio‐temporal correlation measures by considering semantic (entity types and tuple predicate) and syntactic features (dependency distance and dependency path). Finally, we establish a specific threshold value with the extracted candidates and performing multiple levels of categorization to form the final spatio‐temporal correlation strength (strong, moderate, and weak). The experimental results with a large dataset indicate that the proposed method achieves an F‐score of over 0.73, which is better than those of the existing methods. The proposed spatio‐temporal correlation framework has more advantages in representing geographic evolutionary knowledge, revealing the evolution mechanism of geographic elements and the evolutionary reasons.
Gene family rearrangements and transcriptional priming drive the evolution of vegetative desiccation tolerance in Selaginella
Authors: Alejo‐Jacuinde Gerardo , Chávez Montes Ricardo A. , Gutierrez Reyes Cristian D. , Yong‐Villalobos Lenin , Simpson June , Herrera‐Estrella Luis
Published: December 2024

Extreme dryness is lethal for nearly all plants, excluding the so‐called resurrection plants, which evolved vegetative desiccation tolerance (VDT) by recruiting genes common in most plants. To better understand the evolution of VDT, we generated chromosome‐level assemblies and improved genome annotations of two Selaginella species with contrasting abilities to survive desiccation. We identified genomic features and critical mechanisms associated with VDT through sister‐group comparative genomics integrating multi‐omics data. Our findings indicate that Selaginella evolved VDT through the expansion of some stress protection‐related gene families and the contraction of senescence‐related genes. Comparative analyses revealed that desiccation‐tolerant Selaginella species employ a combination of constitutive and inducible protection mechanisms to survive desiccation. We show that transcriptional priming of stress tolerance‐related genes and accumulation of flavonoids in unstressed plants are hallmarks of VDT in Selaginella. During water loss, the resurrection Selaginella induces phospholipids and glutathione metabolism, responses that are missing in the desiccation‐sensitive species. Additionally, gene regulatory network analyses indicate the suppression of growth processes as a major component of VDT. This study presents novel perspectives on how gene dosage impacts crucial protective mechanisms and the regulation of central processes to survive extreme dehydration.
Enhanced sensitivity of TAPscan v4 enables comprehensive analysis of streptophyte transcription factor evolution
Authors: Petroll Romy , Varshney Deepti , Hiltemann Saskia , Finke Hermann , Schreiber Mona , de Vries Jan , Rensing Stefan A.
Published: December 2024

Transcription‐associated proteins (TAPs) fulfill multiple functions in regulatory and developmental processes and display lineage‐specific evolution. TAPscan is a comprehensive and highly reliable tool for genome‐wide TAP annotation via domain profiles. Here, we present TAPscan v4, including an updated web interface (https://tapscan.plantcode.cup.uni‐freiburg.de/), which enables an in‐depth representation of the distribution of 138 TAP families across 678 species from diverse groups of organisms, with a focus on Archaeplastida (plants in the wide sense). With this release, we also make the underlying “Genome Zoo” available, a curated protein data set with scripts and metadata. Eighteen new TAP (sub)families were added as part of the update. Nine of those were gained in the most recent common ancestor of the Streptophyta (comprising streptophyte algae and land plants), or within the streptophyte algae. More than one‐third of all detected TAP family gains were identified during the evolution of streptophyte algae, before the emergence of land plants, and are thus likely to have been significant for plant terrestrialization. The TAP complement of the Zygnematophyceae was identified to be the most similar to that of land plants, consistent with the finding that this lineage is sister to land plants. Overall, our data retrace the evolution of streptophyte TAPs, allowing us to pinpoint the regulatory repertoire of the earliest land plants.
Lower bounds for the large deviations of Selberg's central limit theorem
Authors: Arguin Louis‐Pierre , Bailey Emma
Published: December 2024

Let and . We prove that, for any and as ,
where is large enough depending on . The result is unconditional on the Riemann hypothesis. As a consequence, we recover the sharp lower bound for the moments on the critical line proved by Heap and Soundararajan and Radziwiłł and Soundararajan. The constant is explicit and is compared to the one conjectured by Keating and Snaith for the moments.
Maternal investment, body condition and calf growth in humpback whales
Authors: van Aswegen Martin , Szabo Andy , Currie Jens J. , Stack Stephanie H. , Evans Lewis , Straley Janice , Neilson Janet , Gabriele Christine , Cates Kelly , Steel Debbie , Bejder Lars
Published: December 2024

Given recent declines in North Pacific humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) reproductive output and calf survival, there is additional urgency to better understand how mother–calf pairs allocate energy resources across their migratory cycle. Here, unoccupied aerial system (UAS; or drone) photogrammetry was used to quantify the body size and condition (BC) of humpback whales on their Hawaiʻi (HI) breeding and Southeast Alaska (SEAK) feeding grounds. Between 2018 and 2022, we collected 2410 measurements of 1659 individuals. Rates of change in body volume (BV) and length (BL) were quantified using 803 repeat measurements of 275 individuals. On average, HI mothers lost 0.106 m3 or 96.84 kg day−1 while fasting, equivalent to 2641 MJ day−1 or 830 kg of krill and 424 kg of Pacific herring daily. HI calf BV and BL increased by 0.035 m3 and 2.6 cm day−1, respectively. In SEAK, maternal BV increased by 0.015 m3 or 14.54 kg day−1 (367 MJ day−1), while calf BV and BL increased by 0.039 m3 and 0.93 cm day−1, respectively. Maternal investment in calf growth correlated with both female BL and BC, with larger females producing larger, faster‐growing calves. Finally, using 330 measurements from 156 females, we quantified differences in BC increase over four feeding seasons. Lactating females exhibited an average BC increase of 6.10%, half that of unclassified females (13.51%) and six times lower than pregnant females (37%). These findings represent novel insights into the life history of humpback whales across their migratory cycle, providing key baseline data for bioenergetic models elucidating the effects of anthropogenic disturbance and rapidly changing ocean ecosystems.

image

Key points

On average, Hawaiʻi (HI) mothers lost 0.106 m3 or 96.84 kg day−1, equivalent to 2641 MJ day−1. Over a 60 day period, this corresponded to an estimated mean energetic cost of 158 GJ, or ≈50 tons of krill or ≈25 tons of Pacific herring, surpassing the total energetic cost of gestation estimated for humpback whales of similar length.

In Southeast Alaska (SEAK), maternal body volume (BV) increased by just 0.015 m3 or 14.54 kg day−1 (367 MJ day−1). Further, SEAK lactating females showed the slowest rates of growth in body width and condition over a 150 day period compared to non‐lactating females.

Maternal investment in calf growth correlated with both maternal length and body condition, with larger females producing larger, faster‐growing calves. In HI, however, the ratio between maternal BV lost and calf BV gained (conversion efficiency) was relatively low compared to other mammals.
El uso ilícito de las técnicas de inteligencia artificial y la necesidad de su regulación: el deepfake
Authors: Jondec Briones Homero Pracedes , Zevallos Loyaga María Eugenia , Segura Grados Adolfo Yesser , Castrejon Vilchez Erika Milagros
Published: December 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal determinar si es necesario regular el uso ilícito de las técnicas de IA como el deepfake; además, por objetivos específicos tiene describir el funcionamiento de la deepfake como técnica de IA y su uso ilícito; examinar casuísticamente el reciente uso ilícito de deepfake y cómo se produce el daño; y, finalmente, identificar los fundamentos para la tipificación del uso ilícito de deepfake como técnica de IA.Metodológicamente, se abordó un tipo de investigación básico, con un enfoque de investigación cualitativo y con un diseño no experimental, haciendo uso de entrevistas, y los resultados se obtuvieron mediante un enfoque multidisciplinario, a través de entrevistas con especialistas, análisis documental y estudios relacionados con el deepfake y con fuentes de base de datos de confiabilidad. Se concluye que el deepfake es un tipo de tecnología emergente que está al alcance de usuarios de todas las edades, que gana adeptos constantemente y que su uso malicioso produce trastornos sociales, siendo fundamental regularlo como delito independiente, estableciéndose figuras legales propias según los contextos, sin depender de otras figuras legales.
Systems-Based Approach to Predicting Thermal Barrier Coating Delamination Due to CMAS Infiltration
Authors: Teglas Matei , Bojdo Nicholas , Elms Jacob , Pawley Alison , Covey-Crump Stephen , Jones Merren
Published: December 2024

Calcium-magnesium alumino-silicate (CMAS) infiltration and attack are difficult to simulate at real-world rates. To better understand the sensitivity of the process to engine operating parameters and CMAS chemical composition, a systems-based reduced order infiltration model that incorporates combustion gas properties, TBC microstructural properties, thermal barrier coating (TBC) heat transfer properties, and CMAS physical properties was developed. The aim was to predict the time to delamination for aircraft engines operating in non-benign environments. The penetration depths reached by a synthetic four-element CMAS mixture within a clean TBC were calculated by finite difference method. Engine operating conditions and TBC top coat types were varied to study the effects on the penetration depths and times. A larger difference between operating temperature and cold shock temperature was found to increase the risk of Mode I delamination. An increase in engine operating temperature had little effect on the critical penetration depth, but significantly influenced the actual penetration depth and time. An increase in electron beam - physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) TBC taper angle resulted in a decrease in the critical penetration depths, suggesting a greater risk of Mode I delamination. The time taken to reach the actual penetration depth increased with operating time, until the TBC was consumed, at which point penetration time decreased with operating temperature due to lower melt viscosity.
The Effect of PTFE Content on Tribological Properties of Polyoxymethylene Composites
Authors: Li Xinmin , Nie Laishi , Hung Wing San Tony , Wu Yonglong , Qiu Zhengjie
Published: December 2024

Polyoxymethylene (POM) and its composites with excellent mechanical properties are often used as alternative materials in gear transmission design. This paper considers the practical application scenario of POM gears, using a pin-on-disk tribometer to simulate the Hertzian contact and sliding part of gear mesh. The effects of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) content (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%), maximum contact pressure (40 MPa and 60 MPa), sliding speed (0.1 m/s and 0.5 m/s), and ambient temperature (room temperature and 70 °C) on the tribological properties of POM composites under self-mated contact are investigated. The results show that the tribological properties of the composites tend to improve with the increase of PTFE content under the two ambient temperature conditions, reaching the optimum at 15% PTFE content. However, the addition of PTFE does not improve the tribological properties of the composites under the most severe conditions of 70 °C and a pressure–velocity (PV) value of 30 MPa m/s. At two ambient temperatures, pure POM and its composites exhibit the lowest friction coefficient at a PV value of 6 MPa m/s and the smallest specific wear-rate at a PV value of 20 MPa m/s. The friction coefficient of composites decreases with an increase in ambient temperature from room temperature to 70 °C at a sliding speed of 0.1 m/s but increases at a sliding speed of 0.5 m/s. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results indicate that all factors are significant, except for temperature which does not have a significant effect on the friction coefficient. Additionally, this paper analyzes the wear mechanisms of composites.
Motivation–Engagement–Achievement Pathway in Learning Caloric-Balanced Living in High School Physical Education: An Expectancy-Value Perspective
Authors: Song Jihyun , Wang Wen-Yi , Shang Chaojie , Moss Alexander Clayton , HosseiniKhezri Alireza , Chen Ang
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Guided by expectancy-value theory, this study attempted to establish a Motivation–Engagement–Achievement Pathway to determine the contribution of expectancy-value-based motivation in learning caloric-balanced living in high school physical education. Methods: Expectancy-value-based motivation, cognitive engagement, and learning achievement were collected from 575 students in six high schools. Results: The findings verified expectancy beliefs’ contribution to cognitive engagement in reasoning tasks (β = 0.12, p = .012). Cognitive engagement in descriptive, relational, and reasoning tasks had direct and/or indirect effects on learning achievement (β = 0.02–.27, ps < .05). Cognitive engagement in reasoning tasks mediated the relation between expectancy beliefs and learning achievement (β = 0.02, p = .055). Conclusion: These findings suggest the role of cognitive engagement in mediating the effects of expectancy-value-based motivation on learning achievement in high school physical education.
Multiple dimensions of neurological injury in a liver transplant recipient with cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Shoham Shmuel , Thapaliya Sabin , Avery Robin , Baddley John , Dioverti Veronica , Durand Christine , Gurakar Ahmet , Karaba Andrew , Kates Olivia , Maragakis Nicholas , Permpalung Nitipong , Werbel William , Casadevall Arturo
Published: December 2024

Background

Meningitis due to
Cryptococcus neoformans
continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality in victims of this infection. Worldwide, immunosuppression due to uncontrolled HIV disease is the main risk factor. In the United States, however, a substantial percentage of cryptococcal meningitis cases occur in people with non-HIV immune compromising conditions such as solid organ transplantation. Neurological damage in cryptococcal meningitis can be caused by direct fungal-induced injury, as a consequence of elevated intracranial pressure, and by immune-mediated injury. An understanding of these pathophysiological processes and an appreciation for the roles of specific treatments to address them are necessary for optimal care of patients with cryptococcal meningitis.

Case Summary

In this report, we present a case of cryptococcal meningitis in a liver transplant recipient whose disease manifestations were due to (i) fungal invasion, (ii) elevated intracranial pressure, and (iii) an over-exuberant immune response that blossomed soon after reduction of immunosuppression and clearance of cerebrospinal fluid culture.

Conclusion

This patient’s course exemplifies the multidimensional nature of neurological injury in cryptococcal meningitis and the diverse treatment strategies required to address the infection and complications.

IMPORTANCE

An understanding of the pathophysiological processes that cause neurological damage in cryptococcal meningitis is critical for optimal management of patients with this infection. This case highlights three such processes so that they can be quickly diagnosed and treated before irreversible damage occurs.
Disseminated
Magnusiomyces clavatus
(
Geotrichum clavatum
) infection following allogenic stem cell transplantation: a case report
Authors: Alzahrani Rahmah S. , Vinh Donald C. , Rajda Ewa , Popradi Gizelle , Dufresne Philippe J. , Cheng Matthew P.
Published: December 2024

Background

Magnusiomyces clavatus
(formerly
Geotrichum clavatum/Saprochaete clavata
) is a yeast with a filamentous form, as well as an uncommon, yet emerging opportunistic pathogen. It occurs primarily in patients experiencing prolonged neutropenia, and there is limited evidence available to guide antifungal agent selection and treatment decisions.

Case Summary

We present a case of disseminated infection caused by
M. clavatus
in a patient with myelofibrosis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The patient was treated with voriconazole, as well as liposomal amphotericin B, along with granulocyte transfusion. The patient died from persistent fungemia, refractory septic shock, and multiorgan failure 20 days after the infection was first diagnosed.

Conclusion

We subsequently discuss the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic features of this severe fungal infection and present a review of currently available literature.
Draft genome of halophilic
Salinicoccus roseus
H15 isolated from desert rock varnish in Ma'an, Jordan
Authors: Alnaimat Sulaiman M. , Abushattal Saqr , Dmour Saif M.
Published: December 2024

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Salinicoccus roseus
H15, isolated from desert rock varnish in Ma'an, Jordan. The genome size is 2,457,773 bp with a GC content of 49.31 mol%. The genome includes 3,064 genes and 135 carbohydrate-active enzymes, demonstrating adaptations for survival in extreme environments.
Supplemental Material: Aspect-dependent bedrock weathering, cliff retreat, and cliff morphology in a hyperarid environment
Authors: Shmilovitz Yuval , al. et
Published: December 2024

Figures S1–S8, Text S1, Table S1.
Unboundedness of foliated varieties
Authors: Lü Xin
Published: December 2024

For any positive integer numbers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we construct a complex foliated variety [Formula: see text] of general type with [Formula: see text] and rank [Formula: see text] such that the pluricanonical system [Formula: see text] does not give a birational map. This answers a question of Cascini.
Triptolide Attenuates Renal Slit Diagram to Tight Junction Transition in Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating Nrf2–Ferroptosis Pathway
Authors: Wang Hai-Qin , Wu Hai-Xia , Shi Wei-Qing , Yang Ying , Lin Min , Wang Kai , Bian Chen-Chen , An Xiao-Fei , Wang Tao , Yan Ming
Published: December 2024

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prominent etiological factor underlying the onset of end-stage kidney disease, which is characterized by the presence of microalbuminuria. Recent studies have found that high glucose can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in podocytes, leading to renal impairment and proteinuria. Triptolide was extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., which has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and podocyte protective activities. Multiple studies have shown that triptolide can ameliorate proteinuria in DKD. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates whether triptolide can reverse proteinuria in DKD by inhibiting ferroptosis in db/db mice and its specific protective mechanisms. The results demonstrate that triptolide could preserve podocytes and reduce proteinuria in db/db mice via inhibiting ferroptosis. In vivo and in vitro, the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH-1), and the cystine/glutamate reverse antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) were increased, and the production of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR-1) was decreased by triptolide. Moreover, triptolide suppressed oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction. Additionally, triptolide up-regulated the expression of NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and change the expression of its downstream targets related to ferroptosis. Furthermore, the podocyte actin cytoskeleton was stabilized by triptolide, and the transition from slit diaphragm (SD) to tight junction (TJ), which is a pivotal character of filtration barrier damage, was attenuated by triptolide. In conclusion, our results suggest that triptolide could stabilize the glomerular podocyte cytoskeleton and attenuate renal SD–TJ transition in DKD by upregulating Nrf2 and thereby inhibiting ferroptosis.
An invitation to some of K. R. Parthasarathy’s writings: Part I
Authors: Accardi Luigi , Lu Yun Gang , Vutha Amit
Published: December 2024

Some of Parthasarathy’s results, in different fields, deserve further development. This paper selects a few of them and suggests some interesting problems that arise from them. The exposition is interspersed with historical comments which, even if limited to the topics selected in this paper, do not claim to be a complete historical reconstruction of the development of such a complex and rich scientific personality.
A MULTI-LEVEL EXAMINATION OF BLOCKCHAIN ADOPTION FOR THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS – FROM MICROLEVEL COMPANIES TO MACROLEVEL POLICYMAKING
Authors: LLANO EDUARDO ACOSTA , HURMELINNA-LAUKKANEN PIA , HAAPANEN LAURI
Published: December 2024

Multilevel linkages and collaborative synergy are critical components of the circular economy (CE). Industry 4.0 technologies, in particular blockchain technology (BT), have the potential to enable and facilitate such relationships. This qualitative study goes beyond earlier isolated investigations by examining micro-, meso-, and macrolevel actors in the CE with an emphasis on BT adoption. Analysis of interview data collected over three years suggests that BT might help tackling microlevel traceability issues through safe data sharing, benefiting simultaneously mesolevel entities through better material management and cost efficiency. Policymakers could use BT to standardise and make data more transparent at the macrolevel, increasing trust and public engagement. This study offers insights on how players may need to adjust and collaborate across domains for a more transparent and decentralised adoption of CE by drawing on the findings at each level. Suggestions for future research directions are also provided.
Beyond Songs: Analyzing User Sentiment through Music Playlists and Multimodal Data
Authors: Chen Yipei , Yuan Hua , Ma Baojun , Wang Limin , Qian Yu
Published: December 2024

The automatic recognition of user sentiments through their music listening behavior is an important research task in cognitive studies. Whereas prior studies were conducted to identify the sentiment conveyed (or evoked) by a song that a user listens to at a particular time, we argue that a more effective method would be to identify the user’s induced sentiment based on the comprehensive list of songs they have listened to (e.g., the sequence of music being played). However, recognizing the sentiment information induced by a playlist using machine learning techniques is much more challenging than identifying the sentiment induced by a single song, as it is difficult to obtain accurately labeled training samples for playlists. In this study, we developed the List–Song Relationship Factorization (LSRF) model with the objective of efficiently identifying sentiments induced by playlists. This model employs two side information constraints: the sentiment similarity between songs, based on multimodal information, and the co-occurrence of songs in playlists. These constraints enable the simultaneous co-clustering of songs and playlists. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model efficiently and consistently identifies sentiment information evoked by either playlists or individual songs.
Automated Quantum Protocol Verification Based on Concurrent Dynamic Quantum Logic
Authors: Do Canh Minh , Takagi Tsubasa , Ogata Kazuhiro
Published: December 2024

While constructing practical quantum computers by big companies remains a challenge, the application of quantum communication and cryptography has made remarkable progress. Therefore, it is crucial to verify quantum protocols before they can be trusted in safety and security-critical applications. We have proposed Basic Dynamic Quantum Logic (BDQL) to formalize and verify sequential models of quantum protocols with a support tool developed in Maude. However, BDQL does not support concurrency in its formalization. This paper introduces Concurrent Dynamic Quantum Logic (CDQL), an extension of BDQL, to formalize and verify concurrent models of quantum protocols. CDQL is more expressive than BDQL by considering concurrent behavior and communication among participants in quantum protocols. Since CDQL is a conservative extension of BDQL, we extend the syntax of BDQL to CDQL and make a transformation from CDQL to BDQL without interrupting the semantics of BDQL. We also extend the implementation of BDQL to support CDQL, making a new support tool in Maude. The new support tool is equipped with a lazy rewriting strategy to make the verification process significantly faster. Several quantum communication protocols are successfully formalized and verified in BDQL/CDQL, demonstrating the effectiveness of our automated approach and tool in verifying quantum protocols.
Accurate Intramyocardial Hemorrhage Assessment with Fast, Free-running, Cardiac Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: Huang Yuheng , Guan Xingmin , Zhang Xinheng , Yoosefian Ghazal , Ho Hao , Huang Li-Ting , Lin Hsin-Yao , Anthony Gregory , Lee Hsu-Lei , Bi Xiaoming , Han Fei , Chan Shing Fai , Vora Keyur P. , Sharif Behzad , Singh Dhirendra P. , Youssef Khalid , Li Debiao , Han Hui , Christodoulou Anthony G. , Dharmakumar Rohan , Yang Hsin-Jung
Published: December 2024

Free-running cardiac quantitative susceptibility mapping allows for accurate detection and quantification of intramyocardial hemorrhage in the setting of acute myocardial infarction.
Evaluating the Cumulative Benefit of Inspiratory CT, Expiratory CT, and Clinical Data for COPD Diagnosis and Staging through Deep Learning
Authors: Lee Amanda N. , Hsiao Albert , Hasenstab Kyle A.
Published: December 2024

The study demonstrates that convolutional neural networks can accurately diagnose and stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with inspiratory-only chest CT combined with clinical data.
One-Step Electrodeposition of Trimetallic Alloy Nickel-Ferrum-Cobalt as an Anode Catalyst for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: He Fang , Qin Congya , Wang Yixue , Sun Yang , Li Yunan , Cao Fengyi , Song Meng , Qin Qi
Published: December 2024

A one-step electrodeposition method was employed to synthesize the trimetallic alloy NiFeCo as a non-noble metal catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction in a direct methanol fuel cell. The structure of samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, while the surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results confirmed the successful synthesis of the NiFeCo/PANI/GR composite materials. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic performances of the composite materials toward methanol oxidation reaction in an alkaline medium were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry. The result showed that the composite electrodeposited under 0.4 V can exhibit excellent catalytic performance for the methanol oxidation reaction. The peak current density of catalytic methanol oxidation reached 43 mA cm−2. According to chronoamperometric analysis, the current density was stable during 1000 s and finally remained 14.5% of the initial current density, it demonstrated the remarkable stability.
An IL-6 promoter variant (−174 G/C) augments IL-6 production and alters skeletal muscle transcription in response to exercise in mice
Authors: Watson L. E. , MacRae C. L. , Kallingappa P. , Cao Y. , Li X. , Hedges C. P. , D’Souza R. F. , Fleming N. , Mellor K. M. , Merry T. L.
Published: December 2024

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced and secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise and mediates metabolic responses to exercise. A common variant in the IL-6 promoter region (−174G/C) may alter responses to exercise training. Mice with the variant “CC” genotype exhibited higher skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA and circulating IL-6 levels post exercise, as well as altered skeletal muscle gene transcription. This suggests that this variant might enhance muscle adaptations to exercise, potentially benefiting metabolic health.