bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetically and functionally diverse microorganisms reside under the Ross Ice Shelf
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Clara , Greening Chris , Bay Sean K. , Lappan Rachael J. , Zhao Zihao , De Corte Daniele , Hulbe Christina , Ohneiser Christian , Stevens Craig , Thomson Blair , Stepanauskas Ramunas , González José M. , Logares Ramiro , Herndl Gerhard J. , Morales Sergio E. , Baltar Federico
Published: January 2022

Throughout coastal Antarctica, ice shelves separate oceanic waters from sunlight by hundreds of meters of ice. Historical studies have detected activity of nitrifying microorganisms in oceanic cavities below permanent ice shelves. However, little is known about the microbial composition and pathways that mediate these activities. In this study, we profiled the microbial communities beneath the Ross Ice Shelf using a multi-omics approach. Overall, beneath-shelf microorganisms are of comparable abundance and diversity, though distinct composition, relative to those in the open meso- and bathypelagic ocean. Production of new organic carbon is likely driven by aerobic lithoautotrophic archaea and bacteria that can use ammonium, nitrite, and sulfur compounds as electron donors. Also enriched were aerobic organoheterotrophic bacteria capable of degrading complex organic carbon substrates, likely derived from in situ fixed carbon and potentially refractory organic matter laterally advected by the below-shelf waters. Altogether, these findings uncover a taxonomically distinct microbial community potentially adapted to a highly oligotrophic marine environment and suggest that ocean cavity waters are primarily chemosynthetically-driven systems.
Carbene-catalyzed atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral styrenes
Authors: Yan Jia-Lei , Maiti Rakesh , Ren Shi-Chao , Tian Weiyi , Li Tingting , Xu Jun , Mondal Bivas , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: January 2022

Axially chiral styrenes bearing a chiral axis between a sterically non-congested acyclic alkene and an aryl ring are difficult to prepare due to low rotational barrier of the axis. Disclosed here is an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalytic asymmetric solution to this problem. Our reaction involves ynals, sulfinic acids, and phenols as the substrates with an NHC as the catalyst. Key steps involve selective 1,4-addition of sulfinic anion to acetylenic acylazolium intermediate and sequential E-selective protonation to set up the chiral axis. Our reaction affords axially chiral styrenes bearing a chiral axis as the product with up to > 99:1 e.r., > 20:1 E/Z selectivity, and excellent yields. The sulfone and carboxylic ester moieties in our styrene products are common moieties in bioactive molecules and asymmetric catalysis.
Streamlined single-cell proteomics by an integrated microfluidic chip and data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry
Authors: Gebreyesus Sofani Tafesse , Siyal Asad Ali , Kitata Reta Birhanu , Chen Eric Sheng-Wen , Enkhbayar Bayarmaa , Angata Takashi , Lin Kuo-I , Chen Yu-Ju , Tu Hsiung-Lin
Published: January 2022

Single-cell proteomics can reveal cellular phenotypic heterogeneity and cell-specific functional networks underlying biological processes. Here, we present a streamlined workflow combining microfluidic chips for all-in-one proteomic sample preparation and data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS) for proteomic analysis down to the single-cell level. The proteomics chips enable multiplexed and automated cell isolation/counting/imaging and sample processing in a single device. Combining chip-based sample handling with DIA-MS using project-specific mass spectral libraries, we profile on average ~1,500 protein groups across 20 single mammalian cells. Applying the chip-DIA workflow to profile the proteomes of adherent and non-adherent malignant cells, we cover a dynamic range of 5 orders of magnitude with good reproducibility and <16% missing values between runs. Taken together, the chip-DIA workflow offers all-in-one cell characterization, analytical sensitivity and robustness, and the option to add additional functionalities in the future, thus providing a basis for advanced single-cell proteomics applications.
Storms drive outgassing of CO2 in the subpolar Southern Ocean
Authors: Nicholson Sarah-Anne , Whitt Daniel B. , Fer Ilker , du Plessis Marcel D. , Lebéhot Alice D. , Swart Sebastiaan , Sutton Adrienne J. , Monteiro Pedro M. S.
Published: January 2022

The subpolar Southern Ocean is a critical region where CO2 outgassing influences the global mean air-sea CO2 flux (FCO2). However, the processes controlling the outgassing remain elusive. We show, using a multi-glider dataset combining FCO2 and ocean turbulence, that the air-sea gradient of CO2 (∆pCO2) is modulated by synoptic storm-driven ocean variability (20 µatm, 1–10 days) through two processes. Ekman transport explains 60% of the variability, and entrainment drives strong episodic CO2 outgassing events of 2–4 mol m−2 yr−1. Extrapolation across the subpolar Southern Ocean using a process model shows how ocean fronts spatially modulate synoptic variability in ∆pCO2 (6 µatm2 average) and how spatial variations in stratification influence synoptic entrainment of deeper carbon into the mixed layer (3.5 mol m−2 yr−1 average). These results not only constrain aliased-driven uncertainties in FCO2 but also the effects of synoptic variability on slower seasonal or longer ocean physics-carbon dynamics.
Dynamic transcriptome and chromatin architecture in granulosa cells during chicken folliculogenesis
Authors: Li Diyan , Ning Chunyou , Zhang Jiaman , Wang Yujie , Tang Qianzi , Kui Hua , Wang Tao , He Mengnan , Jin Long , Li Jing , Lin Yu , Zeng Bo , Yin Huadong , Zhao Xiaoling , Zhang Yao , Xu Huailiang , Zhu Qing , Li Mingzhou
Published: January 2022

Folliculogenesis is a complex biological process involving a central oocyte and its surrounding somatic cells. Three-dimensional chromatin architecture is an important transcription regulator; however, little is known about its dynamics and role in transcriptional regulation of granulosa cells during chicken folliculogenesis. We investigate the transcriptomic dynamics of chicken granulosa cells over ten follicular stages and assess the chromatin architecture dynamics and how it influences gene expression in granulosa cells at three key stages: the prehierarchical small white follicles, the first largest preovulatory follicles, and the postovulatory follicles. Our results demonstrate the consistency between the global reprogramming of chromatin architecture and the transcriptomic divergence during folliculogenesis, providing ample evidence for compartmentalization rearrangement, variable organization of topologically associating domains, and rewiring of the long-range interaction between promoter and enhancers. These results provide key insights into avian reproductive biology and provide a foundational dataset for the future in-depth functional characterization of granulosa cells.
Coherent phase transfer for real-world twin-field quantum key distribution
Authors: Clivati Cecilia , Meda Alice , Donadello Simone , Virzì Salvatore , Genovese Marco , Levi Filippo , Mura Alberto , Pittaluga Mirko , Yuan Zhiliang , Shields Andrew J. , Lucamarini Marco , Degiovanni Ivo Pietro , Calonico Davide
Published: January 2022

Quantum mechanics allows distribution of intrinsically secure encryption keys by optical means. Twin-field quantum key distribution is one of the most promising techniques for its implementation on long-distance fiber networks, but requires stabilizing the optical length of the communication channels between parties. In proof-of-principle experiments based on spooled fibers, this was achieved by interleaving the quantum communication with periodical stabilization frames. In this approach, longer duty cycles for the key streaming come at the cost of a looser control of channel length, and a successful key-transfer using this technique in real world remains a significant challenge. Using interferometry techniques derived from frequency metrology, we develop a solution for the simultaneous key streaming and channel length control, and demonstrate it on a 206 km field-deployed fiber with 65 dB loss. Our technique reduces the quantum-bit-error-rate contributed by channel length variations to <1%, representing an effective solution for real-world quantum communications.
Intracellular bound chlorophyll residues identify 1 Gyr-old fossils as eukaryotic algae
Authors: Sforna Marie Catherine , Loron Corentin C. , Demoulin Catherine F. , François Camille , Cornet Yohan , Lara Yannick J. , Grolimund Daniel , Ferreira Sanchez Dario , Medjoubi Kadda , Somogyi Andrea , Addad Ahmed , Fadel Alexandre , Compère Philippe , Baudet Daniel , Brocks Jochen J. , Javaux Emmanuelle J.
Published: January 2022

The acquisition of photosynthesis is a fundamental step in the evolution of eukaryotes. However, few phototrophic organisms are unambiguously recognized in the Precambrian record. The in situ detection of metabolic byproducts in individual microfossils is the key for the direct identification of their metabolisms. Here, we report a new integrative methodology using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence and absorption. We evidence bound nickel-geoporphyrins moieties in low-grade metamorphic rocks, preserved in situ within cells of a ~1 Gyr-old multicellular eukaryote,Arctacellularia tetragonala. We identify these moieties as chlorophyll derivatives, indicating thatA. tetragonalawas a phototrophic eukaryote, one of the first unambiguous algae. This new approach, applicable to overmature rocks, creates a strong new proxy to understand the evolution of phototrophy and diversification of early ecosystems.
Catalytic atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral benzonitriles via chirality control during bond dissociation and CN group formation
Authors: Lv Ya , Luo Guoyong , Liu Qian , Jin Zhichao , Zhang Xinglong , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: January 2022

The applications of axially chiral benzonitriles and their derivatives remain mostly unexplored due to their synthetic difficulties. Here we disclose an unusual strategy for atroposelective access to benzonitriles via formation of the nitrile unit on biaryl scaffolds pre-installed with stereogenic axes in racemic forms. Our method starts with racemic 2-arylbenzaldehydes and sulfonamides as the substrates and N-heterocyclic carbenes as the organocatalysts to afford axially chiral benzonitriles in good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities. DFT calculations suggest that the loss of p-toluenesulfinate group is both the rate-determining and stereo-determining step. The axial chirality is controlled during the bond dissociation and CN group formation. The reaction features a dynamic kinetic resolution process modulated by both covalent and non-covalent catalytic interactions. The axially chiral benzonitriles from our method can be easily converted to a large set of functional molecules that show promising catalytic activities for chemical syntheses and anti-bacterial activities for plant protections.
On the importance of the electric double layer structure in aqueous electrocatalysis
Authors: Shin Seung-Jae , Kim Dong Hyun , Bae Geunsu , Ringe Stefan , Choi Hansol , Lim Hyung-Kyu , Choi Chang Hyuck , Kim Hyungjun
Published: January 2022

To design electrochemical interfaces for efficient electric-chemical energy interconversion, it is critical to reveal the electric double layer (EDL) structure and relate it with electrochemical activity; nonetheless, this has been a long-standing challenge. Of particular, no molecular-level theories have fully explained the characteristic two peaks arising in the potential-dependence of the EDL capacitance, which is sensitively dependent on the EDL structure. We herein demonstrate that our first-principles-based molecular simulation reproduces the experimental capacitance peaks. The origin of two peaks emerging at anodic and cathodic potentials is unveiled to be an electrosorption of ions and a structural phase transition, respectively. We further find a cation complexation gradually modifies the EDL structure and the field strength, which linearly scales the carbon dioxide reduction activity. This study deciphers the complex structural response of the EDL and highlights its catalytic importance, which bridges the mechanistic gap between the EDL structure and electrocatalysis.
Guest-host doped strategy for constructing ultralong-lifetime near-infrared organic phosphorescence materials for bioimaging
Authors: Xiao Fuming , Gao Heqi , Lei Yunxiang , Dai Wenbo , Liu Miaochang , Zheng Xiaoyan , Cai Zhengxu , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Huayue , Ding Dan
Published: January 2022

Organic near-infrared room temperature phosphorescence materials have unparalleled advantages in bioimaging due to their excellent penetrability. However, limited by the energy gap law, the near-infrared phosphorescence materials (>650 nm) are very rare, moreover, the phosphorescence lifetimes of these materials are very short. In this work, we have obtained organic room temperature phosphorescence materials with long wavelengths (600/657–681/732 nm) and long lifetimes (102–324 ms) for the first time through the guest-host doped strategy. The guest molecule has sufficient conjugation to reduce the lowest triplet energy level and the host assists the guest in exciton transfer and inhibits the non-radiative transition of guest excitons. These materials exhibit good tissue penetration in bioimaging. Thanks to the characteristic of long lifetime and long wavelength emissive phosphorescence materials, the tumor imaging in living mice with a signal to background ratio value as high as 43 is successfully realized. This work provides a practical solution for the construction of organic phosphorescence materials with both long wavelengths and long lifetimes.
Two-dimensional Stiefel-Whitney insulators in liganded Xenes
Authors: Pan Mingxiang , Li Dexin , Fan Jiahao , Huang Huaqing
Published: January 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) Stiefel-Whitney insulator (SWI), which is characterized by the second Stiefel-Whitney class, is a class of topological phases with zero Berry curvature. As an intriguing topological state, it has been well studied in theory but seldom realized in realistic materials. Here we propose that a large class of liganded Xenes, i.e., hydrogenated and halogenated 2D group-IV honeycomb lattices, are 2D SWIs. The nontrivial topology of liganded Xenes is identified by the bulk topological invariant and the existence of protected corner states. Moreover, the large and tunable bandgap (up to 3.5 eV) of liganded Xenes will facilitate the experimental characterization of the 2D SWI phase. Our findings not only provide abundant realistic material candidates that are experimentally feasible but also draw more fundamental research interest towards the topological physics associated with Stiefel-Whitney class in the absence of Berry curvature.
Effectiveness of individualized inhaler technique training on low adherence (LowAd) in ambulatory patients with COPD and asthma
Authors: Sánchez-Nieto Juan Miguel , Bernabeu-Mora Roberto , Fernández-Muñoz Irene , Carrillo-Alcaraz Andrés , Alcántara-Fructuoso Juan , Fernández-Alvarez Javier , Vera-Olmos Juan Carlos , Martínez-Ferre María José , Olea Mercedes Garci-Varela , Valenciano Maria José Córcoles , Martínez Diego Salmerón
Published: January 2022

To analyze whether there is improvement in adherence to inhaled treatment in patients with COPD and asthma after an educational intervention based on the teach-to-goal method. This is a prospective, non-randomized, single-group study, with intervention and before-after evaluation. The study population included 120 patients (67 females and 53 males) diagnosed with asthma (70.8%) and COPD (29.1%). The level of adherence (low and optimal) and the noncompliance behavior pattern (erratic, deliberate and unwitting) were determined by the Test of the adherence to Inhalers (TAI). This questionnaire allows you to determine the level of adherence and the types of noncompliance. Low Adherence (LowAd) was defined as a score less than 49 points. All patients received individualized educational inhaler technique intervention (IEITI). Before the IEITI, 67.5% of the patients had LowAd. Following IEITI, on week 24, LowAd was 55% (p = 0.024). Each patient can present one or more types of noncompliance. The most frequent type was forgetting to use the inhaler (erratic), 65.8%. The other types were deliberate: 43.3%, and unwitting: 57.5%. All of them had decreased on the final visit: 51.7% (p = 0.009), 25.8% (p = 0.002), 39.2% (p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in adherence between asthma and COPD patients at the start of the study. The only predicting factor of LowAd was the female gender. An individualized educational intervention, in ambulatory patients with COPD and asthma, in real-world clinical practice conditions, improves adherence to the inhaled treatment.
COVID-19 patient accounts of illness severity, treatments and lasting symptoms
Authors: Thomason Moriah E. , Werchan Denise , Hendrix Cassandra L.
Published: January 2022

First-person accounts of COVID-19 illness and treatment can complement and enrich data derived from electronic medical or public health records. With patient-reported data, it is uniquely possible to ascertain in-depth contextual information as well as behavioral and emotional responses to illness. The Novel Coronavirus Illness Patient Report (NCIPR) dataset includes complete survey responses from 1,584 confirmed COVID-19 patients ages 18 to 98. NCIPR survey questions address symptoms, medical complications, home and hospital treatments, lasting effects, anxiety about illness, employment impacts, quarantine behaviors, vaccine-related behaviors and effects, and illness of other family/household members. Additional questions address financial security, perceived discrimination, pandemic impacts (relationship, social, stress, sleep), health history, and coping strategies. Detailed patient reports of illness, environment, and psychosocial impact, proximal to timing of infection and considerate of demographic variation, is meaningful for understanding pandemic-related public health from the perspective of those that contracted the disease.
A longitudinal neuroimaging dataset on language processing in children ages 5, 7, and 9 years old
Authors: Wang Jin , Lytle Marisa N. , Weiss Yael , Yamasaki Brianna L. , Booth James R.
Published: January 2022

This dataset examines language development with a longitudinal design and includes diffusion- and T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), task-based functional MRI (fMRI), and a battery of psycho-educational assessments and parental questionnaires. We collected data from 5.5-6.5-year-old children (ses-5) and followed them up when they were 7-8 years old (ses-7) and then again at 8.5-10 years old (ses-9). To increase the sample size at the older time points, another cohort of 7-8-year-old children (ses-7) were recruited and followed up when they were 8.5–10 years old (ses-9). In total, 322 children who completed at least one structural and functional scan were included. Children performed four fMRI tasks consisting of two word-level tasks examining phonological and semantic processing and two sentence-level tasks investigating semantic and syntactic processing. The MRI data is valuable for examining changes over time in interactive specialization due to the use of multiple imaging modalities and tasks in this longitudinal design. In addition, the extensive psycho-educational assessments and questionnaires provide opportunities to explore brain-behavior and brain-environment associations.
Phytolith evidence for the pastoral origins of multi-cropping in Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq)
Authors: Laugier Elise Jakoby , Casana Jesse , Cabanes Dan
Published: January 2022

Multi-cropping was vital for provisioning large population centers across ancient Eurasia. In Southwest Asia, multi-cropping, in which grain, fodder, or forage could be reliably cultivated during dry summer months, only became possible with the translocation of summer grains, like millet, from Africa and East Asia. Despite some textual sources suggesting millet cultivation as early as the third millennium BCE, the absence of robust archaeobotanical evidence for millet in semi-arid Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) has led most archaeologists to conclude that millet was only grown in the region after the mid-first millennium BCE introduction of massive, state-sponsored irrigation systems. Here, we present the earliest micro-botanical evidence of the summer grain broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) in Mesopotamia, identified using phytoliths in dung-rich sediments from Khani Masi, a mid-second millennium BCE site located in northern Iraq. Taphonomic factors associated with the region’s agro-pastoral systems have likely made millet challenging to recognize using conventional macrobotanical analyses, and millet may therefore have been more widespread and cultivated much earlier in Mesopotamia than is currently recognized. The evidence for pastoral-related multi-cropping in Bronze Age Mesopotamia provides an antecedent to first millennium BCE agricultural intensification and ties Mesopotamia into our rapidly evolving understanding of early Eurasian food globalization.
Developing and assessing a new web-based tapping test for measuring distal movement in Parkinson’s disease: a Distal Finger Tapping test
Authors: Akram Noreen , Li Haoxuan , Ben-Joseph Aaron , Budu Caroline , Gallagher David A. , Bestwick Jonathan P. , Schrag Anette , Noyce Alastair J. , Simonet Cristina
Published: January 2022

Disability in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is measured by standardised scales including the MDS-UPDRS, which are subject to high inter and intra-rater variability and fail to capture subtle motor impairment. The BRadykinesia Akinesia INcoordination (BRAIN) test is a validated keyboard tapping test, evaluating proximal upper-limb motor impairment. Here, a new Distal Finger Tapping (DFT) test was developed to assess distal upper-limb function. Kinetic parameters of the test include kinesia score (KS20, key taps over 20 s), akinesia time (AT20, mean dwell-time on each key) and incoordination score (IS20, variance of travelling time between key taps). To develop and evaluate a new keyboard-tapping test for objective and remote distal motor function in PD patients. The DFT and BRAIN tests were assessed in 55 PD patients and 65 controls. Test scores were compared between groups and correlated with the MDS-UPDRS-III finger tapping sub-scores. Nine additional PD patients were recruited for monitoring motor fluctuations. All three parameters discriminated effectively between PD patients and controls, with KS20 performing best, yielding 79% sensitivity for 85% specificity; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.90. A combination of DFT and BRAIN tests improved discrimination (AUC = 0.95). Among three parameters, KS20 showed a moderate correlation with the MDS-UPDRS finger-tapping sub-score (Pearson’s r = − 0.40, p = 0.002). Further, the DFT test detected subtle changes in motor fluctuation states which were not reflected clearly by the MDS-UPDRS-III finger tapping sub-scores. The DFT test is an online tool for assessing distal movements in PD, with future scope for longitudinal monitoring of motor complications.
Wireless power transfer system with enhanced efficiency by using frequency reconfigurable metamaterial
Authors: Shan Dongyong , Wang Haiyue , Cao Ke , Zhang Junhua
Published: January 2022

The wireless power transfer (WPT) system has been widely used in various fields such as household appliances, electric vehicle charging and sensor applications. A frequency reconfigurable magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer (MRCWPT) system with dynamically enhanced efficiency by using the frequency reconfigurable metamaterial is proposed in this paper. The reconfigurability is achieved by adjusting the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor connected in the coil of the system. Finite element simulation results have shown that the frequency reconfigurable electromagnetic metamaterial can manipulate the direction of the electromagnetic field of the system due to its abnormal effective permeability. The ultra-thin frequency reconfigurable metamaterial is designed at different working frequencies of 14.1 MHz, 15 MHz, 16.2 MHz, 17.5 MHz, 19.3 MHz, 21.7 MHz and 25 MHz to enhance the magnetic field and power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the system. Frequency reconfigurable mechanism of the system with the frequency reconfigurable metamaterial is derived by the equivalent circuit theory. Finally, further measurement which verifies the simulation by reasonable agreement is carried out. PTE of the system by adding the metamaterial are 59%, 73%, 67%, 66%, 65%, 60% and 58% at different working frequencies. PTE of the system with and without the metamaterial is 72% and 49% at the distance of 120 mm and the frequency of 15 MHz, respectively.
Incidence of myeloid neoplasms in Spain (2002–2013): a population-based study of the Spanish network of cancer registries
Authors: Solans Marta , Sanvisens Arantza , Ameijide Alberto , Merino Susana , Rojas Dolores , Alemán Araceli , Banqueri Emilia , Chico Matilde , Marcos Ana Isabel , de Castro Visitación , Gil Leire , de Munain Arantza López , Puigdemont Montse , Sánchez Maria-José , Perucha Josefina , Ruiz-Armengol Patricia , Chirlaque Mª Dolores , Guevara Marcela , Carulla Marià , Marcos-Gragera Rafael
Published: January 2022

Comprehensive population-based data on myeloid neoplasms (MNs) are limited, mainly because some subtypes were not recognized as hematological cancers prior to the WHO publication in 2001, and others are too rare to allow robust estimates within regional studies. Herein, we provide incidence data of the whole spectrum of MNs in Spain during 2002–2013 using harmonized data from 13 population-based cancer registries. Cases (n = 17,522) were grouped following the HAEMACARE groupings and 2013-European standardized incidence rates (ASRE), incidence trends, and estimates for 2021 were calculated. ASRE per 100,000 inhabitants was 5.14 (95% CI: 5.00–5.27) for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), 4.71 (95% CI: 4.59–4.84) for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 3.91 (95% CI: 3.79–4.02) for acute myeloid leukemia, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78–0.88) for MDS/MPN, 0.35 (95% CI: 0.32–0.39) for acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage, and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.53–0.62) for not-otherwise specified (NOS) cases. This study highlights some useful points for public health authorities, such as the remarkable variability in incidence rates among Spanish provinces, the increasing incidence of MPN, MDS, and MDS/MPN during the period of study, in contrast to a drop in NOS cases, and the number of cases expected in 2021 based on these data (8446 new MNs).
High-throughput formation and image-based analysis of basal-in mammary organoids in 384-well plates
Authors: Lee Soojung , Chang Jonathan , Kang Sung-Min , Parigoris Eric , Lee Ji-Hoon , Huh Yun Suk , Takayama Shuichi
Published: January 2022

This manuscript describes a new method for forming basal-in MCF10A organoids using commercial 384-well ultra-low attachment (ULA) microplates and the development of associated live-cell imaging and automated analysis protocols. The use of a commercial 384-well ULA platform makes this method more broadly accessible than previously reported hanging drop systems and enables in-incubator automated imaging. Therefore, time points can be captured on a more frequent basis to improve tracking of early organoid formation and growth. However, one major challenge of live-cell imaging in multi-well plates is the rapid accumulation of large numbers of images. In this paper, an automated MATLAB script to handle the increased image load is developed. This analysis protocol utilizes morphological image processing to identify cellular structures within each image and quantify their circularity and size. Using this script, time-lapse images of aggregating and non-aggregating culture conditions are analyzed to profile early changes in size and circularity. Moreover, this high-throughput platform is applied to widely screen concentration combinations of Matrigel and epidermal growth factor (EGF) or heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) for their impact on organoid formation. These results can serve as a practical resource, guiding future research with basal-in MCF10A organoids.
Ageing transitions in a network of Rulkov neurons
Authors: Biswas Dhrubajyoti , Gupta Sayan
Published: January 2022

The phenomenon of ageing transitions (AT) in a Erdős–Rényi network of coupled Rulkov neurons is studied with respect to parameters modelling network connectivity, coupling strength and the fractional ratio of inactive neurons in the network. A general mean field coupling is proposed to model the neuronal interactions. A standard order parameter is defined for quantifying the network dynamics. Investigations are undertaken for both the noise free network as well as stochastic networks, where the interneuronal coupling strength is assumed to be superimposed with additive noise. The existence of both smooth and explosive AT are observed in the parameter space for both the noise free and the stochastic networks. The effects of noise on AT are investigated and are found to play a constructive role in mitigating the effects of inactive neurons and reducing the parameter regime in which explosive AT is observed.
Early endoscopic treatment of symptomatic pancreatic necrotic collections
Authors: Jagielski Mateusz , Piątkowski Jacek , Jackowski Marek
Published: January 2022

EUS-guided transmural endoscopic drainage is commonly used in the treatment of WOPN in the late phase of ANP. The role of endoscopic intervention remains unclear in the early phase of ANP. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate early endoscopic treatment of ANCs compared with endoscopic drainage of WOPN. Overall, 71 patients with ANP who underwent transmural endoscopic drainage for necrotic collections were included. Endoscopic intervention was performed within the first four weeks of ANP in 25 (35.21%) patients with ANC (Group 1) and in 46 (64.79%) patients after four weeks since the onset of ANP with WOPN (Group 2). The overall mean age of patients was 49.9 (22–79) years and 59 of them were males. The mean time of active drainage and duration of total endoscopic treatment was 26.8 and 16.9 days (P = 0.0001) and 270.8 and 164.2 days (P = 0.0001) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The average total number of endoscopic interventions was 9.5 and 4.5 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.0001). The clinical success rate, frequency of complications of endoscopic interventions, long-term success rate, and recurrence rate were not significantly different between the groups (P > 0.05 for each). Transmural endoscopic drainage is effective method of treatment of early ANCs within the first four weeks of ANP. However, compared with endoscopic intervention in WOPN, more interventions and longer duration of drainage are required.
Spatiotemporal slip distributions associated with the 2018–2019 Bungo Channel long-term slow slip event inverted from GNSS data
Authors: Seshimo Yukinari , Yoshioka Shoichi
Published: January 2022

Long-term slow slip events (L-SSEs) have repeatedly occurred beneath the Bungo Channel in southwestern Japan with durations of several months to a couple of years, with a recurrence interval of approximately 6 years. We estimated the spatiotemporal slip distributions of the 2018–2019 Bungo Channel L-SSE by inverting processed GNSS time series data. This event was divided into two subevents, with the first on the southwest side of the Bungo Channel from 2018.3 to 2018.7 and the second beneath the Bungo Channel from 2018.8 to 2019.4. Tectonic tremors became active on the downdip side of the L-SSE occurrence region when large slow slips took place beneath the Bungo Channel. Compared with the previous Bungo Channel L-SSEs, this spatiotemporal slip pattern and amount were similar to those of the 2002–2004 L-SSE. However, the slip expanded in the northeast and southwest directions in the latter half of the second subevent. The maximum amount of slip, the maximum slip velocity, the total released seismic moment, and the moment magnitude of the 2018–2019 L-SSE were estimated to be 28 cm, 54 cm/year, $$4.4 \times 10^{19}$$

4.4
×

10
19

Nm, and 7.0, respectively, all of which were the largest among the 1996–1998, 2002–2004, 2009–2011, and 2018–2019 L-SSEs.
In vitro bioprocessing of corn as poultry feed additive by the influence of carbohydrate hydrolyzing metagenome derived enzyme cocktail
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Hossein , Sadeghian Motahar Seyedeh Fatemeh , Salami Maryam , Kavousi Kaveh , Sheykh Abdollahzadeh Mamaghani Atefeh , Ariaeenejad Shohreh , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini
Published: January 2022

The carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes play a crucial role in increasing the phenolic content and nutritional properties of polysaccharides substrate, essential for cost-effective industrial applications. Also, improving the feed efficiency of poultry is essential to achieve significant economic benefits. The current study introduced a novel thermostable metagenome-derived xylanase named PersiXyn8 and investigated its synergistic effect with previously reported α-amylase (PersiAmy3) to enhance poultry feed utilization. The potential of the enzyme cocktail in the degradation of poultry feed was analyzed and showed 346.73 mg/g poultry feed reducing sugar after 72 h of hydrolysis. Next, the impact of solid-state fermentation on corn quality was investigated in the presence and absence of enzymes. The phenolic content increased from 36.60 mg/g GAE in control sample to 68.23 mg/g in the presence of enzymes. In addition, the enzyme-treated sample showed the highest reducing power OD 700 of 0.217 and the most potent radical scavenging activity against ABTS (40.36%) and DPPH (45.21%) radicals. Moreover, the protein and ash contents of the fermented corn increased by 4.88% and 6.46%, respectively. These results confirmed the potential of the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes cocktail as a low-cost treatment for improving the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and nutritional values of corn for supplementation of corn-based poultry feed.
Genome survey sequencing and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in Platostoma palustre (Blume) A.J.Paton (Chinese mesona)
Authors: Zheng Zhao , Zhang Nannan , Huang Zhenghui , Zeng Qiaoying , Huang Yonghong , Qi Yongwen
Published: January 2022

Platostoma palustre (Blume) A.J.Paton is an annual herbaceous persistent plant of the Labiatae family. However, there is a lack of genomic data for this plant, which severely restricts its genetic improvement. In this study, we performed genome survey sequencing of P. palustre and developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on the resulting sequence. K-mer analysis revealed that the assembled genome size was approximately 1.21 Gb. A total of 15,498 SSR motifs were identified and characterized in this study; among them, dinucleotide, and hexanucleotide repeats had the highest and lowest, respectively. Among the dinucleotide repeat motifs, AT/TA repeat motifs were the most abundant, and GC/CG repeat motifs were rather rare, accounting for 44.28% and 0.63%, respectively. Genetic similarity coefficient analysis by the UPMGA methods clustered 12 clones, of P. palustre and related species into two subgroups. These results provide helpful information for further research on P. palustre resources and variety improvements.
3D-printed NiFe-layered double hydroxide pyramid electrodes for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Ahn Jinhyuck , Park Yoo Sei , Lee Sanghyeon , Yang Juchan , Pyo Jaeyeon , Lee Jooyoung , Kim Geul Han , Choi Sung Mook , Seol Seung Kwon
Published: January 2022

Electrochemical water splitting has been considered one of the most promising methods of hydrogen production, which does not cause environmental pollution or greenhouse gas emissions. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a significant step for highly efficient water splitting because OER involves the four electron transfer, overcoming the associated energy barrier that demands a potential greater than that required by hydrogen evolution reaction. Therefore, an OER electrocatalyst with large surface area and high conductivity is needed to increase the OER activity. In this work, we demonstrated an effective strategy to produce a highly active three-dimensional (3D)-printed NiFe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) pyramid electrode for OER using a three-step method, which involves direct-ink-writing of a graphene pyramid array and electrodeposition of a copper conducive layer and NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst layer on printed pyramids. The 3D pyramid structures with NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst layers increased the surface area and the active sites of the electrode and improved the OER activity. The overpotential (η) and exchange current density (i0) of the NiFe-LDH pyramid electrode were further improved compared to that of the NiFe-LDH deposited Cu (NiFe-LDH/Cu) foil electrode with the same base area. The 3D-printed NiFe-LDH electrode also exhibited excellent durability without potential decay for 60 h. Our 3D printing strategy provides an effective approach for the fabrication of highly active, stable, and low-cost OER electrocatalyst electrodes.
Classifying central serous chorioretinopathy subtypes with a deep neural network using optical coherence tomography images: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yoon Jeewoo , Han Jinyoung , Ko Junseo , Choi Seong , Park Ji In , Hwang Joon Seo , Han Jeong Mo , Jang Kyuhwan , Sohn Joonhong , Park Kyu Hyung , Hwang Daniel Duck-Jin
Published: January 2022

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is the fourth most common retinopathy and can reduce quality of life. CSC is assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT), but deep learning systems have not been used to classify CSC subtypes. This study aimed to build a deep learning system model to distinguish CSC subtypes using a convolutional neural network (CNN). We enrolled 435 patients with CSC from a single tertiary center between January 2015 and January 2020. Data from spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) images of the patients were analyzed using a deep CNN. Five-fold cross-validation was employed to evaluate the model’s ability to discriminate acute, non-resolving, inactive, and chronic atrophic CSC. We compared the performances of the proposed model, Resnet-50, Inception-V3, and eight ophthalmologists. Overall, 3209 SD-OCT images were included. The proposed model showed an average cross-validation accuracy of 70.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.676–0.718) and the highest test accuracy was 73.5%. Additional evaluation in an independent set of 104 patients demonstrated the reliable performance of the proposed model (accuracy: 76.8%). Our model could classify CSC subtypes with high accuracy. Thus, automated deep learning systems could be useful in the classification and management of CSC.
The prevalence and distribution of the flexor carpi radialis brevis muscle in the Turkish population
Authors: Akkoc R. F. , Aksu F. , Emre E. , Ogeturk M.
Published: January 2022

The flexor carpi radialis brevis (FCRB) is a very rare anomalous muscle that is usually asymptomatic but may cause various pathologies, such as radial-sided wrist pain. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of FCRB in the Turkish population, its location, and sex differences. Forearm, wrist, and hand magnetic resonance images of 849 individuals aged 18–65 years were retrospectively evaluated in this study. The survey found an FCRB prevalence of 4%, with a prevalence of 3.6% among women and of 4.7% among men. However, the difference between the sexes was not statistically significant (p = 0.629). The origin of all 34 FCRBs identified was the distal third of the anterior aspect of the radius; the insertion site of 28 was the second metacarpal bone, whereas that of the remaining 6 was the os trapezium. In conclusion, the data of this study report the prevalence of FCRB for the first time in the Turkish population, which will contribute to radiological and surgical evaluations in the region and help in early and accurate diagnosis of various pathological conditions that may be caused by FCRB.
Growth at the limits: comparing trace metal limitation of a freshwater cyanobacterium (Dolichospermum lemmermannii) and a freshwater diatom (Fragilaria crotonensis)
Authors: Dengg Markus , Stirling Claudine H. , Reid Malcolm R. , Verburg Piet , Armstrong Evelyn , Kelly Laura T. , Wood Susanna A.
Published: January 2022

Freshwater phytoplankton blooms are increasing in prevalence and there are conflicting views on whether trace metals limit growth of key species and thus bloom formation. The Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand, was formed by multiple eruptions of a super-volcano which emitted rhyolitic tephra leaving lakes depleted in trace metals. This provides an opportunity to test the potential of trace metal limitation on freshwater phytoplankton growth under nanomolar concentrations. Growth responses of two algal species isolated from Lake Taupō,Dolichospermum lemmermannii(cyanobacteria) andFragilaria crotonensis(diatom), to six biologically important trace metals (manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt, copper and molybdenum) were examined in culture experiments. These were conducted at three trace metal concentrations: (1) ambient, (2) two-times ambient, and (3) ten-times ambient concentrations in Lake Taupō. Elevated concentrations of iron significantly increased growth rates and maximum cell densities inD. lemmermannii,whereas no significant concentration dependence was observed for other trace metals.Fragilaria crotonensisshowed no significant growth response to elevated concentrations of trace metals. These results highlight the importance of iron as a growth limiting nutrient for cyanobacteria and indicate that even small (twofold) increases in Fe concentrations could enhance cyanobacteria growth rates in Lake Taupō, potentially causing cyanobacterial blooms.
Protein inspired chemically orthogonal imines for linchpin directed precise and modular labeling of lysine in proteins
Authors: Sahu Tularam , Chilamari Maheshwerreddy , Rai Vishal
Published: January 2022

We report a chemoselective, site-selective, and modular technology for precision engineering of high-frequency lysine residues in native proteins.
A highly active oxygen evolution electrocatalyst derived from Co/Ni-succinic acid framework under mild conditions
Authors: Li Tang-ming , Han Jing-hua , Hu Bing-qian , Yu Fan , Li Bao
Published: January 2022

By utilizing a Co-MOF consisting of succinic acid, Co/Ni/B derivatives were synthesized under mild conditions to act as efficient OER electrocatalysts.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “High-temperature superconductivity in transition metallic hydrides MH11 (M = Mo, W, Nb, and Ta) under high pressure”’ by X. Zheng and J. Zheng, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, DOI: 10.1039/D1CP01474A
Authors: Du Mingyang , Zhang Zihan , Song Hao , Yu Hongyu , Cui Tian , Kresin Vladimir Z. , Duan Defang
Published: January 2022

For the metal hydride MoH11, more than 60% of the electron–phonon coupling (λ) is contributed by hydrogen which leads to a diminishing role of the umklapp phonons.
Solid phase behavior of mixture systems based on tripalmitoyl glycerol and monounsaturated triacylglycerols forming a molecular compound
Authors: Macridachis Jorge , Bayés-García Laura , Calvet Teresa
Published: January 2022

The mixing properties of industrially relevant triacylglycerol combinations based on palmitic (P) and oleic (O) fatty acids are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray scattering.
Edge stabilities, properties and growth kinetics of graphene-like two dimensional monolayers composed with Group 15 elements
Authors: Zhao Ruiqi , Wei Xue , Zhu Hongxia
Published: January 2022

The edge stabilities, Wulff shapes and growth kinetics of monolayer β-P, As, Sb and Bi were revealed using density functional theory calculations. These results provide atomistic pictures for guiding the synthesis of high-quality 2D materials.
Correction: Potential role of tea extract in oocyte development
Authors: Zhao Lei , Sun Qing-Yuan , Ge Zhao-Jia
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘Potential role of tea extract in oocyte development’ by Lei Zhao et al., Food Funct., 2021, 12, 10311–10323, DOI: 10.1039/D1FO01725J.
Correction: Bipolarons rule the short-range terahertz conductivity in electrochemically doped P3HT
Authors: Tsokkou Demetra , Cavassin Priscila , Rebetez Gonzague , Banerji Natalie
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘Bipolarons rule the short-range terahertz conductivity in electrochemically doped P3HT’ by Demetra Tsokkou et al., Mater. Horiz., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01343b.
Effect of Mn2+ incorporation on the photoelectrochemical properties of BiVO4
Authors: Dagar Preeti , Kumar Sandeep , Ganguli Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2022

Mn2+–BiVO4 photoanodes (Mn2+ = 0.2–1%) to improve the charge-carrier separation and electrical conductivity of BiVO4 are reported.
A novel domino protocol for three-component synthesis of new dibenzo[e,g]indoles: flexible intramolecular charge transfers
Authors: Ahmadian Mahsa , Rad-Moghadam Kurosh , Dehghanian Arash , Jafari Majedeh
Published: January 2022

New and electronically interesting 2-aryl-3-nitrodibenzo[e,g]indoles were synthesized effectively via a hitherto unreported three-component domino reaction under catalysis of a superparamagnetic nano-composite.
Dual-role magnesium aluminate ceramic film as an advanced separator and polysulfide trapper in a Li–S battery: experimental and DFT investigations
Authors: Muthuraj Divyamahalakshmi , Murugan Raja , Rayappan Pavul Raj , Kandregula Ganapathi Rao , Ramanujam Kothandaraman
Published: January 2022

A freestanding magnesium aluminate ceramic separator can inhibit the shuttling of polysulfides by chemical adsorption, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the Li–S battery.
One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of CuBi2O4/BiOCl p–n heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light irradiation
Authors: Qiu Juan , Wang Yingdi , Liu Xiang
Published: January 2022

The formation of a CuBi2O4/BiOCl p–n heterojunction enhances visible light absorption and promotes the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs.
The structure and electronic effects of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 supported Pt catalysts for crotonaldehyde selective hydrogenation
Authors: Shen Haiyu , Zhao Huahua , Yang Jian , Zhao Jun , Yan Liang , Chou Lingjun , Song Huanling
Published: January 2022

The structure and electronic effects of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 supported Pt catalysts for crotonaldehyde selective hydrogenation.
Heterocyclic-2-thione derivatives of metals incorporating cyclopalladated azobenzenes of variable nuclearity and N,S-bridged 1D polymer of [bis(pyridine-2-thiolato)mercury(ii)]
Authors: Lobana Tarlok S. , Sandhu Amanpreet K. , Hundal Geeta , Jasinski Jerry P.
Published: January 2022

In this investigation, the reactivity of azobenzene-based cyclopalladated precursors with a series of heterocyclic-2-thiones is described.
In situ interlamellar production of amide-based functional copolymer/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Kavlak Serap
Published: January 2022

Novel functional copolymer/clay nanocomposites with active sites such as amide and anhydride groups were successfully produced by in situ interlamellar copolymerization.
Morphology and element doping effects: phosphorus-doped hollow polygonal g-C3N4 rods for visible light-driven CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Wen-Feng , Qiu Li-Qi , Chen Kai-Hong , Li Hong-Ru , Feng Lie-Feng , He Liang-Nian
Published: January 2022

The phosphorus-doped hollow polygonal g-C3N4 rods were prepared and applied to photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction with [Co(bpy)3]Cl2 as co-catalyst, delivering a CO evolution rate up to 447.5 μmol g−1 h−1 with a selectivity ca. 96%.