bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implicaciones territoriales de la demanda de agua en Colima-Villa de Álvarez, México: mecanismos de compensación
Authors: Muñoz Mendoza Octavio , Santacruz de León Germán
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la extracción de agua para Colima-Villa de Álvarez, México, las afectaciones territoriales en la zona de suministro, y los actuales mecanismos de compensación. Se revisaron documentos oficiales, se ejecutaron recorridos de campo y entrevistas a actores clave, teniendo como eje teórico los procesos de construcción territorial. Los hallazgos muestran que las implicaciones territoriales adquieren su máxima expresión en la extracción de agua de una comunidad indígena carente de ese servicio público. Se concluye que la demanda de agua para la vida urbana, en conjunción con el entramado jurídico y político, se impone a la historia de un territorio sujeto a la explotación de sus bienes naturales.
Percepción pública sobre el cambio climático en la península de Yucatán, México
Authors: Vázquez-Luna Mayra , Ellis Edward Alan , Navarro Martínez María Angélica , Cerdán Cabrera Carlos Roberto , Ortiz-Ceballos Gustavo Celestino
Published: December 2024

El cambio climático, manifestado por el aumento de la temperatura media y la disminución en la precipitación pluvial, ha sido fuertemente vinculado con actividades humanas. Este es uno de los problemas socioambientales más preocupantes hoy en día porque sus impactos pueden ser significativos a escalas local y regional. El análisis de la percepción sobre este fenómeno brinda información esencial de los actores locales para su comprensión y la toma de decisiones en la gestión de los socioecosistemas. El objetivo fue documentar y analizar el conocimiento de dicho fenómeno y la percepción de los habitantes de la península de Yucatán en torno a sus efectos durante los últimos 15 años. Se diseño y aplicó una encuesta virtual a 1 248 pobladores de Campeche, Quintana Roo y Yucatán, México. Para determinar las diferencias en la percepción de la población se utilizó la prueba de chi al cuadrado en tabulación cruzada. La mayoría de los encuestados reconoce el cambio climático y lo perciben con el incremento en la temperatura y una disminución en la precipitación debidos a actividades humanas y a la combinación de éstas con fenómenos naturales. Las personas encuestadas consideran que los cambios han ocurrido desde los últimos cinco años.
In vitro efficacy of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizosphere for biological control of plant pathogens
Authors: Jayanti Ruth Meike , Kristianingrum Sabrina Ayu , Setiawan Andree Wijaya
Published: December 2024

The excessive use of synthetic chemical pesticides in controlling plant diseases poses significant challenges to sustainable agriculture. As an environmentally friendly alternative, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have shown promise by colonizing plant roots and forming symbiotic relationships that enhance plant growth and suppress plant pathogens. Research on the isolation of PGPR from ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizosphere in Indonesia remains limited, highlighting the need for further exploration to support genetic resource conservation and sustainable agricultural practices. This study aims to evaluate the potential of PGPR isolates from Z. officinale rhizosphere in Semarang, Indonesia, as biological control agents. Isolates were characterized based on morphology, biochemical traits, and their antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens, including Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum sp., and Alternaria sp. A total of 14 isolates were obtained, exhibiting diverse morphological, biochemical, and antagonistic properties. Among them, isolate 235A2 demonstrated the highest potential as a biological control agent, with capabilities including phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, protease enzyme production, and significant inhibition rates of F. oxysporum (13.79%), Colletotrichum sp. (55.56%), and Alternaria sp. (35.61%) in vitro. These findings underscore the potential of PGPR as a sustainable alternative for biological control of plant pathogens, supporting both enhanced plant productivity and environmental conservation.
Assessing business management factors in young agricultural entrepreneurs in Indonesia
Authors: Kansrini Yuliana , Lubis Zulkarnain , Effendi Ihsan , Mulyani Puji Wahyu , Apriliani Anggi
Published: December 2024

Indonesia faces a pressing challenge in its agricultural sector: the declining participation of young workers due to limited entrepreneurial opportunities and inadequate business management skills. This study investigates the factors influencing business management among young agricultural entrepreneurs participating in the growth of young agricultural entrepreneurs (PWMP) program at Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian (Polbangtan) Medan, Indonesia. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative approach, data were gathered through questionnaires and analyzed using Likert scale measurements and multiple linear regression tests. The findings highlight that business management capabilities were categorized as high (79.68%), supported by strong personality traits (84.30%), high knowledge levels (83.05%), extensive experience (81.13%), a supportive family environment (75.80%), and a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem (79.78%). Regression analysis revealed that personality, experience, family environment, and the entrepreneurial ecosystem significantly impacted business management capabilities, while knowledge had no notable effect. These results underscore the importance of structured interventions, such as internships and business incubation programs, to enhance practical business skills and foster entrepreneurial success.
Electro-optic effect in hexagonal compounds RFeO3
Authors: Menshenin V. V. , Nosov A. P.
Published: December 2024

The linear electro-optic effect is investigated in films of RFeO3 compounds (R = Y, Lu, Yb) possessing hexagonal symmetry. A general equation for the optical indicatrix of the film at arbitrary orientation of an external electric field is derived. The equation of the indicatrix in the principal axes, as well as the principal refractive indices, are determined for the particular case of an external electric field orientation along the [010] axis. Two novel optical axes are identified in the presence of an electric field. It was determined that two isonormal modes propagate in the film when light propagates along the [100] direction. The refractive indices associated with these modes were also found. The phase shift associated with the propagation of these modes and caused by the presence of an electric field is calculated. The shift is linear along the electric field, thereby demonstrating the Pockels effect.
Surface modification of Zr–Nb alloy by nanosecond pulse laser processing
Authors: Petrova A. N. , Brodova I. G. , Astafiev V. V. , Rasposienko D. Y. , Kuryshev A. O. , Balakhnin A. N. , Uvarov S. V. , Naimark O. B.
Published: December 2024

The effect of nanosecond pulse laser processing of the Zr–1% Nb alloy surface of specimens in the annealed state and after their two-stage deformation treatment by abc-pressing and rolling has been investigated. The morphology of the modified surface of specimens is described using optical and scanning microscopy. Furthermore, the microrelief formed as a result of vaporization and melting of a thin layer of material subjected to laser processing is evaluated quantitatively. Durometric measurements were conducted to ascertain the hardness of the near-surface layer and the impact of laser-induced shock waves on its hardness. The electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) analysis data were employed to describe the structure of the specimens in the near-surface layer. The influence of the initial grain size on the quality of the modified surface, as well as on the depth and hardening of the near-surface layers has been established.
Calculation of the yield strength of polycrystalline materials with a hexagonal close-packed lattice at a given texture
Authors: Kesarev A. G.
Published: December 2024

For a polycrystalline material with a hexagonal close-packed lattice, a model is proposed that allows estimating the yield strength at a given texture. The plasticity properties of an individual grain are described by the generalized von Mises criterion. The most widespread averaging approaches are considered to determine the yield strength of a polycrystal. An original averaging method for a heterogeneous medium under plastic deformation conditions is proposed that takes into account the presence of undeformed grains whose share is determined by means of the percolation theory. Using each approach, the problem about tension/compression of a homogeneous rod of square cross-section is solved for two limiting cases: no texture and rigid basis texture. The calculation results are juxtaposed with the available literature data. The effect of the texture on the yield strength is considered. A qualitative explanation of generating a texture is given.
Multiwire Position-Sensitive Neutron Detector with Two Layers of Boron-10
Authors: Potashev S. I. , Afonin A. A. , Burmistrov Y. M. , Drachev A. I. , Kasparov A. A. , Karaevsky S. K. , Meshkov I. V. , Ponomarev V. N. , Razin V. I.
Published: December 2024

Multiwire position-sensitive neutron detector with two layers of boron-10 was developed to detect both thermal and fast neutrons. Sensitive dimensions of two coordinate neutron detector are 50 × 50 mm. New detector characteristics are compared with ones of 100 × 100 mm detector built earlier which we used in neutron flux spatial distribution measurement. Plane-parallel design of new detector has symmetrical structure with respect to wire anode and also includes two intermediate grids and two cathodes made of parallel wires with 2 mm pitch and two silicon substrates coated boron-10 layers of 0.003 mm thickness. Detector geometry, working gas mixture and pressure are chosen so as to ensure full absorption of secondary alpha particle from reaction with thermal neutron within detector gas medium half thickness. Neutron coordinates are determined from measured ionization loss pulse heights produced by secondary nucleus. Detector expected efficiency to thermal neutrons is about 5%. The detector can be used in small-angle and diffraction scattering setups in condensed matter physics.
Relationship of Locally Inhomogeneous, Elastic and Magnetic Fields in Mn–Zn Ferrites
Authors: Samoylenko Z. A. , Ivakhnenko N. N. , Pushenko E. I. , Badekin M. Y. , Sycheva V. Y.
Published: December 2024

Using the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray spectroscopy and theoretical physics, we studied the patterns of changes in the atomic, electronic and magnetic subsystems in ferrites of variable composition MnxZnyFezO4 associated with the formation of clusters differing in the composition of cations. Experimentally detected clusters, which appear in X-ray diffraction patterns as a halo, are characterized by a certain superposition of ion states, the magnetic moment of which depends not only on the spin of the electron, but also on its orbital moment and the spin of the nucleus. A phase transition was discovered in the mesoscopic cluster structure from manganese-containing clusters, caused by the interaction of trivalent manganese ions with oxygen ions, to clusters with a predominance of di- and trivalent manganese ions with oxygen ions. It is found that the clustered structure of manganese-zinc ferrites is responsible for the appearance of extreme magnetic properties; the maximum corresponds to a change in the dominant type of clusters. It is found that with an increase in mass density, a repopulation of energy states occurs as a decrease in the states of the low-energy electron group and an increase in the high-energy Fermi surface in the form of a saddle. It has been established that the peculiarities of condensation of the fundamental and soft modes of complexes (clusters) containing manganese and oxygen ions lead to changes in the physical parameters of the samples.
Analysis of the Phospholipid Transport Nanosystem Structure using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering
Authors: Maslova V. А. , Kiselev М. А. , Zhuchkov P. V. , Tereshkina Y. A. , Tikhonova E. G.
Published: December 2024

The structure of aqueous dispersions of phospholipid transport nanosystem (PhTNS) based on soybean phospholipids, developed at the Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (Moscow, Russia), was studied by the method of small-angle X-ray scattering. The PhTNS concentrations in water were 20, 25, 31.25, and 37.5%. The structural parameters of vesicles (inner radius, thicknesses of the regions of hydrophobic tails and polar heads) were determined in the “core multi shell model” approximation with variations in the scattering length densities of vesicle different parts, as well as the solution that was inside and outside the vesicle. A difference in the photon scattering length densities was detected between the solution volume and the inner region of the vesicle, due to the uneven maltose dissolution, which is part of PhTNS. With an almost constant thickness of the lipid bilayer, a decrease in the vesicle radius from ~150 to ~130 Å was observed with increasing concentration of the system which due to increasing osmotic pressure. The hydrophobic volume of vesicles was determined to be 7.45 × 106 Å3 at the lowest concentrations of 20% and 5.85 × 106 Å3 at the highest concentration of 37.5%.
Kinetics of Sodium Borohydride Hydrolysis in Comparison with Ammonia Borane Using Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Dyankova N. Y. , Lapin N. V. , Grinko V. V. , Bezhok V. S. , Vyatkin A. F.
Published: December 2024

The kinetics of the sodium borohydride catalytic hydrolysis with cobalt catalysts Co3O4/ZnO, Co/ZnO, Co3O4/zeolite, Co/zeolite, Co(OH)2, Co3O4, Co–B was studied and the kinetic characteristics of the process were compared with the same characteristics during the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane. The concentrations of sodium borohydride and NaOH in aqueous solution in all cases were 0.064 and 0.06 M, respectively. The apparent activation energy and the rate of hydrogen evolution during the sodium borohydride hydrolysis in the temperature range 35–80°C were determined in each case. Kinetic data were processed using zero-order, first-order, and Langmuir–Hinshelwood reaction models. The apparent activation energies during the sodium borohydride hydrolysis ranged from 37.0 for Co3O4 to 72.6 kJ/mol for Co3O4/ZnO. These values exceeded similar values for the ammonia borane hydrolysis, which were in the range 26.0–47.4 kJ/mol. A higher rate of hydrogen evolution was observed during the sodium borohydride hydrolysis compared to ammonia borane when using these catalysts, except for Co–B and Co/ZnO catalysts. The maximum rates of hydrogen evolution 3510 and 3140 mL H2 (g cat)–1 min–1 were observed when using Co(OH)2 and Co–B catalysts, respectively.
“WE DON’T NEED FICTION”: CONCEPT AND CONTENT FEATURES OF THE BOOK SERIES “THE URAL LIBRARY OF ENTERTAINING REGIONAL STUDIES” (1936–1939)
Authors:   Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Podlubnova Yulia
Published: December 2024

The article examines the book series “The Ural Library of Entertaining Regional Studies”, organized by the former editor of the magazines The World Pathfinder and The Ural Pathfinder Vladimir Popov in Sverdlovsk in 1936. It clarifies the political and cultural situation of the second half of the 1930s, within the framework of which the book series appeared, and how Vladimir Popov’s cultural work in the Urals became possible. We examine in detail the conceptual basis of the series and note the transformation of pathfinding — the key concept of The Ural Pathfinder magazine (the predecessor of the series), into entertaining regional studies intended for the widest readership, especially children’s audiences. We state that the series consisting of thematic collections containing popular science essays, journalistic articles and stories united the interest of potential readers in the discovery of new spaces with the Soviet attitude to know and love the homeland. It combined the adventurism of the pioneers who rushed into the campaign with the mobilization practices of the industry developing under the Five-Year Plans and tried to bring together regional identity and the Soviet colonial project. We give the examples journalistic slogans, scientific information and artistic strategies on the pages of the collections. It notes that while the direct influence of the series on children’s and youth audience is difficult to assess, Vladimir Popov’s project undoubtedly contributed to the formation of geographical thinking in the Urals.
A GOOD PLACE TO LIVE: ORDINARY AND NOT QUITE ORDINARY SPACES IN NIKOLAI NOSOV’S PROSE OF THE 1940S–1950S
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Savkina Irina
Published: December 2024

The article examines the short stories and novels of the Soviet children’s writer Nikolai Nosov (1908–1976), primarily written in the 1940s–1950s. The main focus of the research interest is the everyday spaces depicted in these texts, such as the school, house, yard, dacha, and pioneer camp. In the framework of the method of “cultural geography”, these toposes are understood not only as concrete material objects but also as ideological and symbolic spaces. The analysis of key, iconic locations in Nosov’s prose of the 1940s–1950s leads to the conclusion that his books normalise the representation of the Soviet school and Soviet childhood. The topoi of the world in which Nosov’s characters live are portrayed as the normal, desirable, “correct” space of life here and now, without constant looking back at the revolutionary perestroika in the past or the desire to move to a utopian future. It can be argued that Nosov contributed to creating an illusory and ideologically laden image of the Soviet school (yard, pioneer camp) and the Soviet country as the best place for life — at least for children.
“FORKING PATHS” AS A SPATIAL AND COMMUNICATIVE MODEL IN INTERACTIVE CHILDREN’S LITERATURE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE “CHOOSE YOUR OWN ADVENTURE” GAMEBOOKS)
Authors:   HSE University, Shulyatyeva Dina
Published: December 2024

The “Choose Your Own Adventure” is an ongoing collection of children’s gamebooks published by Bantam Books, the first issues released in the late 1970s. The success of the series was ensured by the opportunity provided to readers through a sequence of decisions (a choice from a closed list) to influence the development of the plot, to complete and variably complete the story, to “join” the story as the main character. Readers also interact with the fictional spaces created within the narrative in a new way. They do not simply enter “pre-existing” spaces, but instead, they “complete” them, transforming them into dynamic, mutable forms that can be reassembled. Readers find themselves in two spatial dimensions simultaneously, immersed in both the “adventures” of the protagonist and the “adventure” of reading itself. The dual immersion allows navigation through multiple narrative paths, creating a reading experience akin to a game. This allows readers to replay events that have already occurred, rediscovering the fictional world they had previously explored. It is also important that the interactive story is presented in the form of a printed book (rather than in a digital fiction, for example) because the illusion of an “unlimited” selection of options confronts the reader with a more awareness of the finite nature of the “adventure” of reading. The number of possible choices, paths, and endings is inherently limited (as the volume of a book is finite), while the fictional worlds offered by the story are still open to completion and further development in the reader’s imagination.
TRAVEL AND PATH IN ANDREW PETERSON’S “WINGFEATHER SAGA”
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergeeva Valentina
Published: December 2024

The article examines the series of books by Andrew Peterson “The Wingfeather Saga” (2008–2014), written in the genre of epic fantasy and aimed at children. The theme of the journey referring to the hero’s evolution and spiritual growth is of special importance there (thus, the geography of the fictional world is well-developed, featured on the maps and correlated with the history). By choosing children as protagonists, the author introduces an additional specificity into hiswork: the characters’ age features and their gradual evolution are highlighted: they become braver and tougher, abandon childish egocentrism, accept their duties and responsibilities, and move to a new stage in their relations both with the people and the Maker. The author of the article notes that in addition to the loci traditionally depicted in books belonging to the epic fantasy genre (the castle of the main villain, dangerous mountains, magic forest, idyllic hometown), Peterson introduces a school into the narrative as a setting, which belongs to another literary tradition. The theme of growing-up and spiritual improvement, overcoming the temptations brings together the fantasy story, closer to both the Bildungsroman and the genre of allegory.
GIANNI RODARI IN THE UK AND IN THE US: A COMPLEX RECEPTION STORY. REVIEW OF C. ALBORGHETTI GIANNI RODARI AND HIS ENGLISH READERS. A DIALOGICAL PERSPECTIVE. ROMA: ARMANDO EDITORE, 2023
Authors:   Università di Bologna, Illuminati Valeria
Published: December 2024

The review of Gianni Rodari and His English Readers. A Dialogical Perspective by Claudia Alborghetti highlights the main steps in the translation and reception of Gianni Rodari’s works in the English-speaking countries. The comprehensive historical, paratextual, and translational analysis follows the evolution of Rodari’s books in English from the first UK translation back in 1965 to contemporary US ones. By adopting a translational and pedagogical perspective focussed on empathy, the study reveals how translation affects the empathising process in children’s literature and the role played by translators and other mediators. The empathy building process can be manipulated to adapt to the target cultural context and value system, and the empathic charge of books can be limited or diminished. However, the empathic dialogue of the author with their readers can also be retained in translation, allowing children to connect with a different culture and children’s literature to liberate its unique potential.
RETRANSLATING CHILDREN’S LITERATURE: AN ACCOUNT OF A CONFERENCE HELD AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO
Authors:   University of Trento, Bibbò Antonio , Lorandini Francesca ,   University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
Published: December 2024

The third edition of the “Giornate di studio sulla ritraduzione” Ritradurre la letteratura per ragazzi (University of Trento) had a special focus on the retranslation of children’s literature. The aim of these meetings is to bring together specialists of different languages and cultures and provide them with a space for discussion taking the idea of retranslation as a vantage point, as well as to propose a practical and theoretical reflection on the concept of retranslation. Children’s literature is a particularly interesting field of investigation for a variety of interrelated reasons including it’s tendency to favour target-oriented translation approaches and its key role in processes of nation-building. The Trento conference saw the participation of twenty speakers, from a number of Italian and European universities, whose contributions dealt with different historical periods and cultural spheres. These contributions investigated phenomena concerning the history of language and especially emphasised the profound connections between children’s literature, politics and deep changes in ideology and society.
“STRIVING FOR WORLD KNOWLEDGE”: DISCUSSIONS ON CHILDREN’S GEOGRAPHICAL LITERATURE FROM THE LAST THIRD OF THE 18TH TO THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   The Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dimianenko Anna , Kazakova Elena ,   The Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

In the introduction to the “Archive” section, a retrospective review of critical reviews concerning travel literature, guidebooks, popular science literature on geographical themes, as well as educational aids on regional studies and maps, is proposed. The aim of the article is to present the history of the emergence and development of ideas by educators, critics, geographers, and writers about the types of publications and genre forms of travel literature, travelogues, and popular science literature used as material for learning geography. The enlightening nature of this topic prompts critics to discuss various forms of interaction with readers: from visual narratives in maps and globes to the academic presentation of material in descriptions of expeditions undertaken by geographers and travelers. The absence of a conventional definition of geographical literature as a genre creates diverse ways of its interpretation by educators, critics, and scholars, as well as discussions related to defining its audience. In turn, the multidimensionality of geography as a science, encompassing natural science, economic-political, and applied aspects, generates debates around approaches to its study.
WAS SO-CALLED ANCIENT RUS’ REALLY ANCIENT? THE QUESTION OF TERMS, BUT NOT ONLY: AN INVITATION FOR A DISCUSSION
Authors:   Max Weber Stiftung Bonn, Doronin Andrej V.
Published: December 2024

Different historiographies of Eastern Europe have produced varying assessments and interpretations of Rus’ of the 9th–13th centuries. Moreover, scholars have referred to Rus’ during this period by varying names. Russian scholars prefer to use the term ‘Ancient Rus’’, but its historical accuracy is incorrect. If the term is consistent with the european and global periodization of history? Why is it unacceptable for other historiographies of Eastern Europe, which also consider Rus’ of the 9th–13th centuries as part of its history? Was so-called Ancient Rus’ truly ancient? Can one consider the so-called Ancient Rus’ the beginning of Rus’? How many antiquities different Rus’ possess? By attempting to give detailed answers to these questions, the author invites colleagues to a discussion of this topic.
IN ANTICIPATION OF THE SEQUEL
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinsky Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Semiachko Svetlana A.
Published: December 2024

The article provides a review of the Catalogue of Slavic-Russian manuscript books from the E. E. Egorov collection. The publication of this catalogue, which began in the Pashkov Dom publishing house in 2017, has now reached four volumes. The Egorov collection consists of 2099 manuscript books of which only 400 have been described to date. Each volume contains the catalogue itself and four indexes that contain the authors of works, names mentioned in the records and commentaries, geographical names, and the incipits of works considered in the description of the content of manuscript books. This makes searching for necessary material extremely convenient. The catalogue, which is the result of the sole work of Tatiana V. Anisimova, represents a scientific work of independent value and not just an auxiliary publication, although it is notable for its amazing completeness. The review also examines issues concerning the description of biblical miscellanies, hagiographic and hymnographic works, and miscellanies with a stable structure (using the example of service menaia).
NARRATIVE STRATEGIES IN RUSSIAN FANTASTIC STORIES OF THE 1820S
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Lebedeva Anna A.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the narrative strategies that characterize the early stages of the formation of the tradition of the Russian fantastic story. The few original works that date from the 1820s reflect an orientation towards foreign examples and do not yet provide a formalized picture. Nevertheless, the specificity of the genre, which is associated with a problematization of the view of the world, acquired its first forms precisely at that time. The early fantastic stories of Aleksandr A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, Nikolai A. Polevoy, Orest M. Somov, Vladimir F. Odoevsky, and Vladimir P. Titov present various reactions to the »invasion of the supernatural». Typical strategies include moral edification, an appeal to specific philosophical systems, and an open argument about the »possible and impossible». In all cases the narrative serves to summarize the fantastic elements. This is how the early tendency of Russian fantastic prose was formed. It aspired beyond the limits of the artistic world to include certain areas of human life and knowledge, which can be considered an ideological expansion.
THE FLEMISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING AND THE LANGUAGE OF ITS DESCRIPTION IN THE 1830S–1850S
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Vozhik Ekaterina I.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the pragmatics of references to the Flemish (Dutch) school of painting that pervaded the literature of the 1830s–1850s; it also considers how speculations about the aesthetic quality of Flemish art eventually turned out to be a linguistic and mental cliche. By reconstructing the practices that accompanied the perception of a painting in the first half of the XIX century, the author shows that although Flemish art was well represented in private and imperial collections, knowledge of this art was primarily obtained from various publications (catalogues of paintings, lithographs and polytypes, domestic and foreign periodicals, encyclopedias and art criticism). These iconographic and mainly textual sources formed both a visual and a verbal narrative about the Flemish painting style and therefore considerably influenced the way this style was represented. The author demonstrates that the Flemish school of the 1830s–1850s is most often characterized in general terms — frequently through a short verbal formula. Although they usually lacked in formal consistency, such formulas nevertheless contained a stable set of meanings. This set of meanings corresponded with the problem of the correlation between art and reality, which was actively discussed in the press at that time.
THREE RIDDLES FROM NOTEBOOK OF A GREAT PERSON
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Dubrovski Igor V.
Published: December 2024

The Notebook of a Great Person is one of the conventional names of a well-known Russian travelogue from the time of the Great Embassy. The author of this essay is unknown, and it is unclear why he chose to focus on trivial matters instead of on European culture. Scholars have recently raised yet another question: Is the essay authentic, or is it a clever forgery? These are the three main riddles of the text that this article investigates. According to Irina Voznesenskaya and Aleksei Alekseev, the countless number of manuscripts and the unexplored manuscript tradition of this text suggest that we are dealing with a fictional story about a fictional journey that was compiled based on real travelogues. Since researchers have only taken the initial steps in studying the manuscripts, this view remains a bold hypothesis. The similarities between several locations in the Notebook of a Great Person and some places mentioned in Petr Tolstoy’s travel diary, which were noted by Irina Voznesenskaya, are intriguing and suggest that the two authors may have had some contact with each other in Venice. Currently (no comma) there are two opinions regarding the authorship of the Notebook of a Great Person. Fred Otten attributes the Notebook to Andrei M. Apraksin, while Dmitriy Yu. Guzevich ascribes it to Andrei P. Izmailov. Otten’s argumentation, however, is subjective and is not based on a faithful reading of the material. Guzevich’s idea about the authorship of Andrei Izmailov is merely a conjecture although recent archival findings in Italy do not contradict this attribution. If Petr A. Tolstoy demonstrates an inexplicably deep understanding of the refined aspects of Western European culture in his travel notes, the author of the Notebook of a Great Person displays the completely opposite tendency in this regard. One should, however, not assume that different cultural norms circulated at the top of Russian society. Even Tsar Peter I himself was occasionally among those who disregarded cultural norms. It is possible that educational levels and cultural expectations did not have a direct impact on Russians in the age of Peter the Great, but rather certain forms of social behavior triggered either the promotion or the rejection of certain aspects of Western culture.
THE IMAGE OF TAIDULA, THE KHAN’S WIFE, IN VASILIY LEBEDEV’S HISTORICAL NOVEL EXPIATION
Authors:   Sorokin Syktyvkar State University Syktyvkar, Tubylevich Ruslana E.
Published: December 2024

This article employs the method of source criticism to analyze the image of Taidula, wife of Muhammad Uzbek, who was khan of the Golden Horde, in Vasiliy Lebedev’s historical novel Expiation. Building upon historical and philological research, the author studies the image of Taidula as it is found in Russian chronicles, oriental writings and folklore. The author then briefly analyzes the reception of this image in some Russian historical novels of the second half of the 20th century, including works by Mikhail Karateev, Mikhail Rapov, Dmi-triy Balashov, and Vladimir Afinogenov. The article concludes with an investigation of the artistic interpretation of the image of Taidula in Vasiliy Lebedev’s novel. Using the method of comparative analysis, the author establishes that the main source for the writer was the chronicle legend about Taidula’s healing from blindness that is found in the Nikon Chronicle and The Book of Degrees (Stepennaia kniga). In his retelling of the plot, Vasiliy Lebedev focuses on the most vivid and memorable details from Prince Dmitry Donskoy’s childhood memories. He explains the symbolic details using eyewitness accounts and supplements the story of the healing of the khan’s wife with a fictional genealogy in which Taidula appears as a half-Russian. The legend of healing, which highlights Taidula’s role as a defender of the Russian lands, finds parallels in the memoirs of the famous geographer and traveler Petr Semenov-Tyan-Shansky as well as in the plots of Russian folklore. The author’s attempt to link the charitable deeds of the Tatar khan’s wife to her origin contributes to the shift in the perception of her role.
«DEPICTING NOT THE BATTLE, BUT THE SYMBOL OF THE BATTLE»: DMITRY S. LIKHACHEV AS THE AUTHOR OF SKETCHES FOR THE LAY OF IGOR’S CAMPAIGN
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Lobakova Irina A.
Published: December 2024

The problem of how artists read and interpret the text of The Lay of Igor’s Campaign has already been discussed by researchers since this text has attracted the attention of illustrators more than any other source of Old Russian literature. Publications in honor of the 800th anniversary of Igor’s campaign in 1185 expressed a variety of artistic solutions, ranging from theatrical to monumental and including attempts to convey the reality of the past. The draft of a letter to Natalia N. Akatova, which was discovered in Likhachev’s archive, contains significant notes by the scholar on the principles of illustrating the text (the symbolic reading of the material, the use of different varieties of birds in the design, and elements associated with the culture of laughter). Of particular interest are the sketches that Likhachev himself made and annotated with comments.
A VERSE ABOUT THE DISPUTE BETWEEN HOPS AND TOBACCO
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Pigin Alexander V.
Published: December 2024

The article presents a study of a satirical poem (“Verse”) about a dispute between the personifications of Hops and Tobacco. The poem denounces human vices associated with these plants. The author of the article is familiar with several versions of the “Verse,” which are contained in five handwritten copies of the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century. The article analyzes the following sources of this text: apocrypha about Noah, two tales about the origin of tobacco, which are entitled “A Tale from the Book Called Pandok” and “From a Greek Chronicle about the Origin of the Cursed Tobacco,” the Bible, folk legends, songs, proverbs, and aphorisms. Popular prints (lubki) are also used as a context. Moreover, the article also gives a brief presentation of a poetic story about a dispute between Hops, Tobacco, Tea, and Coffee, which is found in a manuscript by the Old Believer bookman Simeon Gavrilov. This poetic story uses some motifs from the “Verse.” Some versions of the “Verse” include elements of social satire. An appendix to the article contains a publication of the text of the “Verse” that is found in a manuscript in the Collection of Andrei Nikolaevich Vlasov in the Repository of Ancient Manuscripts (Drevlekhranilishche) of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) in St. Petersburg.
ANDREI NIKOLAEVICH VLASOV AND THE BEGINNING OF THE ARCHAEOGRAPHIC FIELD WORK IN THE VYATKA REGION BY THE INSTITUTE OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE (PUSHKINSKII DOM)
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Bildyug Arina B. , Kuzhlev Мaxim V. ,   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg
Published: December 2024

This article is dedicated to the memory of Andrei Nikolayevich Vlasov (1955–2023), Professor and Doctor of Philology. It highlights his personal contribution to the discovery and collection of folklore and archaeographic materials of the northern parts of the Kirov region, i.e., Vyatka. Vlasov organized the first expeditions to these regions in 1990–1997, when he was a faculty member at Syktyvkar State University. In 2010, Vlasov initiated the first folklore expedition to Vyatka under the auspices of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) in St. Petersburg. Since 2011, the Institute has annually organized folklore and archaeographic expeditions to the northern part of the Vyatka region. Gradually, the archaeographic direction of this work prevailed, and, as a result, the Repository of Ancient Manuscripts (Drevlekhranilishche) of the Institute of Russian Literature acquired its Vyatka collection. To date, this collection includes 208 manuscripts, which date anywhere from the 16th to the 21st century, and 18 printed books, which range from the 16th to the 20th century.
SYNERGETICS OF FOLKLORE CONTACTS
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Syktyvkar, Panyukov Anatoly V.
Published: December 2024

The study of interethnic folklore interactions, including the problem of «folklore bilingualism», requires a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach. One of the interdisciplinary areas that applies to folklore interactions is synergetics, which studies the behavior of complex systems of a different nature. The author confirms the main parameters of the folklore tradition as a complex, self-organizing system that is capable of a long-term quasi-stable existence. By maintaining its plasticity, the tradition can resist small perturbations and restore the «gaps» and deformations that inevitably arise at different points. Nevertheless, under the constant, intensifying influence of the external environment, this disequilibrium begins to increase rapidly. When the critical threshold value is reached, the system jumps to a new, again quasi-stable, state and acquires new, often completely unexpected, order parameters, which have a probabilistic character. The key role in such transitions is played by folklore borrowings as random and alien factors. The author examines the Izhma-Kolva folklore tradition as an object of a synergetic study of the processes that are associated with the birth of a new culture with emergent properties. The article considers several interrelated factors that determined the special features of the subculture of the reindeer herders, which developed as a result of the contacts between the Izma Komi group and the Kolva Nenets group. The study also analyzes how these factors determined the uniqueness of the bi-ethnic and bilingual «Performer—Text—Audience» folklore system that emerged among those people.
THE RULE OF THREE IN THE PLOT OF THE LIFE OF IRINARKH OF ROSTOV
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Lobakova Irina A.
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the use of the rule of three as an artistic principle that underlies the plot of the Life of Irinarkh of Rostov, which was written by his disciple, the monk Alexander in the 1620s. The Life includes many triads: Irinarkh’s triple prophecies and his triple visions on different occasions, his stay in three monasteries and three meetings with John, a holy fool from Rostov. Moreover, the article examines three objects of Irinarkh’s ascetic feats and three gifts from laymen, three monks who imitated Irinarkh’s ascetic life, three hegumens who persecuted the saint, three meetings with Polish generals, and three occasions on which Irinarkh blessed Russian military commanders before battle. Sometimes the elements of these triads follow one after another. More often, however, they appear separately from each other in different parts of the text. The article examines the episodes that contain the triads and attempts to determine their role in the plot of the Life of Irinarkh. It also considers the question whether the rule of three affects the composition of the text.
THE LIFE OF LEO OF CATANIA IN THE RUSSIAN MANUSCRIPT TRADITION
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics St. Petersburg, Zabirova Amira S.
Published: December 2024

This article provides a comparative analysis of copies of Slavic translations of the Life of Leo of Catania. This study shows that 45 copies of the Life belong to the version found in the Sophia Prologue (National Library of Russia, Library of the Novgorod Sophia Cathedral, no. 1324). This manuscript, which does not provide any specific information about the magic tricks of the magician Heliodor nor the details of his execution, presents the shortest version of the text. Four other copies of the Life present the version found in a fifteenth-century Prologue in the Collection of the Olonets Theological Seminary (Russian State Library, fond’212, no. 1). These four copies contain a more elaborate text, which describes the execution of the magician and offers some more details about Bishop Leo. This text also gives emperors’ names and mentions the volcano Etna. The most detailed Old Russian version of the Life of Leo of Catania is included in the Menaion Reader (Cheti Minei) of Dimitrii of Rostov. The article establishes Greek sources for each of these Old Russian variants of the Life of Leo of Catania.
“HOWL, QUAKE, AND GNASHING OF TEETH”: RECEPTION OF ALEXEI PISEMSKII’S NOVEL TROUBLED SEAS AND THE RUSSIAN LITERARY FIELD OF THE 1860S
Authors:   independent researcher, Petrovskikh Maria A.
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the controversy surrounding Alexei Pisemskii’s novel Vzbalamuchennoe more (Troubled Seas), published in Russkii vestnik journal in 1863. The study focuses on critical responses to the novel and Pisemskii’s depiction of contemporary Russia. In order to gauge the expectations with regard to this novel, the study juxtaposes initial reviews of the yet unfinished text with those that came out after its completion. I use Pierre Bourdieu’s literary field theory to categorize the critics’ responses as either «autonomous» or «heteronomous.» This approach brings to the fore the contrasting views on the novel’s portrayal of contemporary Russia. The article delves into the author’s depiction of literary life in the 1860s in the novel and examines how Pisemskii uses metalepsis by introducing the character «Pisemskii» into his text as a means of both portraying reality and expressing judgment. The article argues that Pisemskii’s strategy and the discourse around his novel were intricately linked to the public stance of the journal Russkii vestnik. The ambivalent reactions to the novel reflected the ongoing transformation of Russian literary landscape in the 1860s.
“WHERE IS YOUR FACE?” PANTELEIMON ROMANOV’S SHORT STORY “THE RIGHT TO LIFE OR THE PROBLEM OF NON-PARTISANSHIP” (1927) AND THE POLITICAL AGENDA OF THE “RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD”
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, State Museum of Political History of Russia, St. Petersburg, Kochneva Tatiana A.
Published: December 2024

Panteleimon Romanov’s short story “The Right to Life or the Problem of Non-Partisanship” (1927) is one of the works that in many ways foresaw the political trend of the time. For this reason, the “social meaning” of the story changed in just a few years. This article analyzes how the story reflected issues that were relevant to the artistic intelligentsia in the early Soviet state and how these issues were resolved in what was then called the “Reconstruction Period.” Sources from the period between 1927 and 1929 show a change in the interpretation of the story, which allows us to detect the political changes that occurred in that time. The behavior of the story’s main character, who is hiding his social background and fears exposure, looks comical in 1927. Three years later, however, this behavior was quite understandable and commonplace, while the character’s “right to life,” which the author directly ties to the “problem of nonpartisanship,” appears far from being so indisputable.
SPORTS STORIES BY YURY TRIFONOV AS A MANIFESTATION OF DISAPPOINTMENT AS A RESULT OF KHRUSHCHEV’S THAW
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow, Shotin Alexander V.
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes Yury Trifonov’s collection of short stories Igry v sumerkakh (Games at Twilight), which was published in 1970 by the publishing house Fizkultura i Sport (Physical Culture and Sports). The book consists of sports stories that the author composed in the period from 1956 to 1968. During this time span Trifonov gradually expands the frame of the sports story. Starting with a nostalgic narrative about children admiring sports idols, the writer establishes a connection between sports and memories of the days of youth. Later, Trifonov begins to record the tragic changes in the perception of sports by the masses and progressively switches to a narrative about historical memory and trauma. Thus, although the sports story was not a genre of high literary standing, it emerged as a convenient form for the development of Trifonov’s historical point of view, which later affected his Moscow cycle stories.
ELENA SCHWARTZ’S AUTODOCUMENTARY TEXTS AND GENDER TRICKSTERISM: A FEW REMARKS ON THE PROBLEM OF THE SUBVERSION OF THE GENDER REGIME IN SOVIET CULTURE
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, Grishechkina Elizaveta A.
Published: December 2024

This article explores the gender dynamics in the diaries and autobiographical essays of the Leningrad underground poet Elena Schwartz (The Visible Side of Life, Definition while the Weather is Bad). Schwartz transgresses her own gender identity by adopting masculine roles and practices both in her life and in her writing. This way she challenges the symbolic power structures within her community. Simultaneously, her poetic identity is tied to the feminine, creative, and sacred, with particular focus on female physicality and the transcendental connection to her late mother. Schwartz’s subjectivity defies fixed gender models but embodies a form of gender tricksterism that disrupts dominant gender discourse. Her refusal to adhere to traditional gender roles enables her to stand out as an exception among women in the underground scene and thus challenges Soviet-era gender norms and redefines female self-representation.