bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analýza efektu vysoce intenzivního intervalového tréninku (HIIT)
Authors: Kolínský Roman , Cacek Jan , Strašilová Kateřina , Zháněl Jiří
Published: February 2018

The HIIT – High Intensity Interval Training has become an increasingly used term in foreign publications and this method is frequently implemented in training processes of many athletes. However not every athlete or trainer is aware of the physiological changes which are caused by this form of training. In order to improve the training process it is important to compare the effectiveness of HIIT with the continual training method or other forms of the interval training. The aim of this publication is to analyze and describe the effect of various forms of HIIT according to the set markers: primarily VO2 max (maximal oxygen uptake) – interval training effectiveness marker, secondarily lipid utilization, and last but not least hormonal and enzymatic level changes. Another objective of this publication is the clarification and explanation of energy coverage, metabolism and cardio-respiratory function during the application of HIIT method. Within the research plan we focused exclusively on the foreign studies (n = 150) conducted in years 1978–2015 from which we chose 70 studies from databases such as SportDiscus, Web of Science, ACSM Journal, PubMed. The selection was based on the preselected criteria – length of the research, nature of the research group and intervention frequency etc. For the purpose to extend the theoretical bases of the problematics of energy coverage, metabolism and cardio-respiratory function were analyzed several chosen studies from last 10–15 years. The analysis of the individual markers was conducted based on the publications from the last decade. The research has shown that the HIIT has a significant effect on the increase of VO2 max. Further findings also showed that the subject is able to adapt to this type of training in just two weeks which enables the duration of training process to shorten. This type of training also leads simultaneously with EPOC effect (post-exercise oxygen consumption) to higher energy consumption in tens of hours. The presented results can be used in Sports practice to overcome the performance stagnation and lead to performance improvement as a result of the HIIT method implementation. Certain studies show that the HIIT method is also successfully applicable to the overweight individuals, patients with Diabetes mellitus and people with sedentary lifestyle. However, it is always necessary to ensure the individual approach and to avoid the risk of overtraining.
Adaptační kurz jako nástroj změny sociálních vztahů ve třídním kolektivu
Authors: Kalkusová Lucie
Published: February 2018

The article contributes to the illustration of the importance of outdoor courses for development of social relationships in school classes. Following text is a pilot study for future research. The research sample consisted of 17 pupils of Grade 6 primary school, average age 11.24 years, who participated on a three-day outdoor course. The course focused on the development of team dynamics, cooperation and social relationships. The participants filled in the same questionnaire before and after the course which enabled to compare the changes. The questionnaires were based on rating all classmates according to the preferential relationships. The strength of these relationships was transformed visually in sociomaps showing the structure of social relationships. The sum of ratings given by the whole class increased from 1583 before to 1751 points after the course. The general colour of sociomap changed after the course showing increased sympathies between the classmates after the course. Sociomapping showed to be a useful and lucid method for illustration of positive impact of the outdoor course for the development of social relationships in the school class.
Relative age effect při Mistrovství Evropy ve fotbalu 2016
Authors: Bozděch Michal , Kolínský Roman , Strašilová Kateřina , Zháněl Jiří
Published: February 2018

The theory called the Relative Age Effect (RAE) has been discussed in many sports for decades. It is based on the assumption that athletes born in the early months of the year have an advantage over the athletes born later in that particular year. The influence of earlier birthdate was proved particularly during adolescence, relatively younger individuals are often more advanced mentally and physically as well as in terms of fitness. Therefore, they are usually labelled as sports talents. This benefit can significantly affect the probability of being selected into elite group of athletes or national teams. In the present research we investigated whether the effect of RAE can be proven in the players in the European Football Championship 2016. The research sample included players from all 24 participating teams (n = 552), the research data were obtained from http://www.eurofotbal.cz/euro-20/ and were analysed based on selected criteria (player position, date of birth, ranking in the groups). Statistical analysis of the research data showed that the influence of RAE is statistically significant in all players in the championship (χ2 = 69,82, p = 0.00). The analysis of the influence of RAE on rank in the group showed that the influence of the RAE. When considering the influence of the RAE on individual player positions, the effect was nonsignificant only in forward position players (χ2 = 6,37, p = 0.09). The above results showed a similar degree of influence of RAE on adult footballers (participants of ME 2016), then it is in youth age categories. RAE issues in sport can be considered as significant and especially coaches in youth categories should be familiar with it.
Serbian WoS-indexed journals: What’s their use for the local scholarly community?
Authors:   Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES), Šipka Pero
Published: February 2018

It is in the national interest of small countries such as Serbia to have as many journals in WoS as possible. WoS indexing boosts visibility and internationality and rises journals impact and quality. However, once they reach WoS and stabilize their position, some local journals turn to profit-making strategies, introducing or significantly increasing authors' fees (APCs), which usually results in a larger influx of foreign authors who can afford to pay such fees. Consequently, domestic authors practically lose the space to publish in their traditional platforms. Here, we discuss the question if such journals should continue to enjoy the support from the national public R&D budget entitled to supporting local science.
SECAPR - A bioinformatics pipeline for the rapid and user-friendly processing of Illumina sequences, from raw reads to alignments
Authors: Andermann Tobias , Cano Angela , Zizka Alexander , Bacon Christine , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: February 2018

Evolutionary biology has entered an era of unprecedented amounts of DNA sequence data, as new sequencing platforms such as Massive Parallel Sequencing (MPS) can generate billions of nucleotides within less than a day. The current bottleneck is how to efficiently handle, process, and analyze such large amounts of data in an automated and reproducible way. To tackle these challenges we introduce the Sequence Capture Processor (SECAPR) pipeline for processing raw sequencing data into multiple sequence alignments for downstream phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. SECAPR is user-friendly and we provide an exhaustive empirical data tutorial intended for users with no prior experience with analyzing MPS output. SECAPR is particularly useful for the processing of sequence capture (synonyms: target or hybrid enrichment) datasets for non-model organisms, as we demonstrate using an empirical sequence capture dataset of the palm genus Geonoma (Arecaceae). Various quality control and plotting functions help the user to decide on the most suitable settings for even challenging datasets. SECAPR is an easy-to-use, free, and versatile pipeline, aimed to enable efficient and reproducible processing of MPS data for many samples in parallel.
The anatomy of the foveola reinvestigated
Authors: Tschulakow Alexander V. , Oltrup Theo , Bende Thomas , Schmelzle Sebastian , Schraermeyer Ulrich
Published: February 2018

Objective. In the foveola of the eye, photoreceptors and Müller cells with a unique morphology have been described, but little is known about their 3D structure and orientation. Considering that there is an angle-dependent change in the foveolar photoreceptor response for the same light beam, known as the Stiles Crawford Effect of the first kind (SCE I), which is still not fully understood, a detailed analysis of the anatomy of the foveolar cells might help to clarify this phenomenon. Methods. Serial semithin and ultrathin sections, and focused ion beam (FIB) tomography were -prepared from 32 foveolae from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and humans. Foveolae were also analyzed under the electron microscope. Serial sections and FIB analysis were then used to construct 3D models of central Müller and photoreceptor cells. In addition, we measured the transmission of collimated light under the light microscope at different angles after it had passed through human foveae from flat mounted isolated retinae. Results. In monkeys, outer segments of central foveolar cones are twice as long as those from parafoveal cones and do not run completely parallel to the incident light. Unique Müller cells are present in the central foveolae (area of 200 µm in diameter) of humans and monkeys. Light entering the fovea center, which is composed only of cones and Müller cells, at an angle of 0 degrees causes a very bright spot after passing through this area. However, when the angle of the light beam is changed to 10 degrees, less light is measured after transpasssing through the retina, the foveolar center becomes darker and the SCE-like phenomenon is directly visible. Measurements of the intensities of light transmission through the central foveola for the incident angles 0 and 10 degrees resemble the relative luminance efficiency for narrow light bundles as a function of the location where the beam enters the pupil as reported by Stiles and Crawford. The effect persisted after carefully brushing away the outer segments. Conclusion. We show that unique cones and Müller cells with light fibre-like properties are present in the center of the fovea. These unique Müller cells cause an angle dependent, SCE-like drop in the intensity of light guided through the foveola. Outer segments from the foveola cones of monkeys are not straight.
¡Juicio a los revolucionarios! Represión penal y tribunal especial del poder judicial en Argentina (1971-1973)
Authors: D’Antonio Débora C. , Eidelman Ariel
Published: February 2018

This article examines the creation and functioning of a specific tool of the ordinary judicial branch of the State, whose main objective was the persecution and repression of political crimes in Argentina between 1971 and 1973. It maintains that this special court directly helped to legitimize State repression under a military dictatorship. The Cámara Federal en lo Penal de la Nación was established in the context of a strong social radicalization and the activities of guerrilla groups. It jointly analyzes the social and professional profiles, age and gender of the activists who were in the sights of this repressive apparatus and the materials which were seized in the framework of the judicial investigations. It concludes that this was an original repressive strategy, and while it was mainly focused on the members of guerrilla groups, it also sanctioned and convicted other social and trades union activists.
¿“Fidelismo sin Fidel”? El Congreso por la Libertad de la Cultura y la Revolución Cubana
Authors: Ruiz Galbete Marta
Published: February 2018

Initially hailed as a restoration of democracy, the turn to taken by the Cuban Revolution of 1959 would transform the dynamics of the Cold War in Latin America, forcing one of the main pro-American cultural organizations in the region to reposition itself: the Congress for Cultural Freedom (Berlin, 1950). This article explains the analyses which that organization made of the nature of the Cuban regime, its internal debates about forming an ideological strategy to oppose the Fidel Castro movement and the limitations on its actions, situating it in a conflict characteristic of the left and showing the way it was controlled by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), its main sponsor.
Satellite Geodesy Captures Offset Magma Supply Associated With Lava Lake Appearance at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua
Authors: Stephens K. J. , Wauthier C.
Published: February 2018

Ascending and descending Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data sets from various satellites (CSK, RSAT‐2, ALOS‐2, and Sentinel‐1) show a maximum of ∼8 cm ground inflation in Masaya caldera over a 10 month period (6 November 2015 to 1 September 2016). The center of inflation is located in the NW part of the caldera, north of the active Santiago vent which has hosted a new lava lake since 11 December 2015. Simultaneous inversions of those Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data sets using a neighbourhood algorithm demonstrate that a spherical magma reservoir explains the geodetic data, with a horizontal location ∼3 km north of the active Santiago vent and a depth‐to‐center ∼3 km. The associated modeled volume increase (∼0.0042 km3) is lower than the “excess” magma volume inferred from gas measurements from November 2015 to February 2016. The magma reservoir offset from the current center of eruptive activity may be the result of preexisting caldera structures.
Feasibility study of individualized optimal positioning selection for left‐sided whole breast radiotherapy: DIBH or prone
Authors: Lin Hui , Liu Tianyu , Shi Chengyu , Petillion Saskia , Kindts Isabelle , Weltens Caroline , Depuydt Tom , Song Yulin , Saleh Ziad , Xu Xie George , Tang Xiaoli
Published: February 2018

The deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) and prone (P) position are two common heart‐sparing techniques for external‐beam radiation treatment of left‐sided breast cancer patients. Clinicians select the position that is deemed to be better for tissue sparing based on their experience. This approach, however, is not always optimum and consistent. In response to this, we develop a quantitative tool that predicts the optimal positioning for the sake of organs at risk (OAR) sparing. Sixteen left‐sided breast cancer patients were considered in the study, each received CT scans in the supine free breathing, supine DIBH, and prone positions. Treatment plans were generated for all positions. A patient was classified as DIBH or P using two different criteria: if that position yielded (1) lower heart dose, or (2) lower weighted OAR dose. Ten anatomical features were extracted from each patient's data, followed by the principal component analysis. Sequential forward feature selection was implemented to identify features that give the best classification performance. Nine statistical models were then applied to predict the optimal positioning and were evaluated using stratified k‐fold cross‐validation, predictive accuracy and receiver operating characteristic (AUROC). For heart toxicity‐based classification, the support vector machine with radial basis function kernel yielded the highest accuracy (0.88) and AUROC (0.80). For OAR overall toxicities‐based classification, the quadratic discriminant analysis achieved the highest accuracy (0.90) and AUROC (0.84). For heart toxicity‐based classification, Breast volume and the distance between Heart and Breast were the most frequently selected features. For OAR overall toxicities‐based classification, Heart volume, Breast volume and the distance between ipsilateral lung and breast were frequently selected. Given the patient data considered in this study, the proposed statistical model is feasible to provide predictions for DIBH and prone position selection as well as indicate important clinical features that affect the position selection.
Increased Burden of Psychiatric Disorders in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Marrie Ruth Ann , Hitchon Carol A. , Walld Randy , Patten Scott B. , Bolton James M. , Sareen Jitender , Walker John R. , Singer Alexander , Lix Lisa M. , El‐Gabalawy Renée , Katz Alan , Fisk John D. , Bernstein Charles N. ,   for the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Defining the Burden and Managing the Effects of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Chronic Immunoinflammatory Disease
Published: February 2018

Objective

We estimated the incidence and prevalence of depression, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in a population‐based cohort with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared to an age‐, sex‐, and geographically matched cohort without RA.

Methods

Using population‐based administrative health data from Manitoba, Canada, we identified persons with incident RA between 1989 and 2012, and a cohort from the general population matched 5:1 on year of birth, sex, and region of residence. We applied validated algorithms for depression, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia to determine the annual incidence of these conditions after the diagnosis of RA, and their lifetime and annual period prevalence. We compared findings between cohorts using negative binomial regression models.

Results

We identified 10,206 incident cases of RA and 50,960 matched individuals. After adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, region of residence, number of physician visits, and year, the incidence of depression was higher in the RA cohort over the study period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.46 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.35–1.58]), as was the incidence of anxiety disorder (IRR 1.24 [95% CI 1.15–1.34]) and bipolar disorder (IRR 1.21 [95% CI 1.00–1.47]). The incidence of schizophrenia did not differ between groups (IRR 0.96 [95% CI 0.61–1.50]). Incidence rates of psychiatric disorders declined minimally over time. The lifetime and annual period prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder were also higher in the RA than in the matched cohort over the study period.

Conclusion

The incidence and prevalence of depression, anxiety disorder, and bipolar disorder are elevated in the RA population as compared to a matched population.
Clinician and Patient Views About Self‐Management Support in Arthritis: A Cross‐Sectional UK Survey
Authors: McBain Hayley , Shipley Michael , Newman Stanton
Published: February 2018

Objective

To establish receipt and provision of self‐management support for patients with inflammatory arthritis in the UK, and to establish whether receipt of self‐management support is associated with patient's knowledge, skills, and confidence to self‐manage.

Methods

Questionnaires for patients and health care professionals were sent to members and associates of the National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society. Patients completed the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), and questions about receipt of self‐management support. Health care professionals completed the Clinician Support PAM and questions about provision of self‐management support.

Results

A total of 886 patients and 117 health care professionals completed the survey. Only 15% of patients had attended a structured self‐management program. More than half of the patients reported having the skills, confidence, and knowledge to self‐manage, and this skill set was associated with receipt of self‐management support that was embedded in routine care. All health care professionals felt that patients should be actively involved in their own care, but 60% were unable to offer structured self‐management support. Health care professionals reported engaging in more embedded self‐management support than patients reported receiving in routine care.

Conclusion

Only a small proportion of patients with arthritis have attended a structured support program. Although health care professionals report engaging in self‐management support embedded in routine care, patients do not necessarily agree, and these differences could impact the experience of patients with arthritis. When embedded self‐management support does occur, it is a significant predictor of patients’ knowledge, skills, and confidence to self‐manage, as opposed to attendance at a structured program.
Improved Gout Outcomes in Primary Care Using a Novel Disease Management Program: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bulbin David , Denio Alfred E. , Berger Andrea , Brown Jason , Maynard Carson , Sharma Tarun , Kirchner H. Lester , Ayoub William T.
Published: February 2018

Objective

To pilot a primary care gout management improvement intervention.

Methods

Two large primary care sites were selected: 1 underwent the intervention, the other, a control, underwent no intervention. The intervention consisted of engagement of intervention‐site staff, surveys of provider performance improvement preferences, and onsite live and enduring online education. Electronic health record reminders were constructed. Both the intervention and control sites had 3 quality measures assessed monthly: the percentage of gout patients treated with urate‐lowering therapy, the percentage of treated patients monitored with serum urate, and the percentage of treated patients at target serum urate ≤6.0 mg/dl. The intervention‐site providers received monthly reports comparing their measures against their peers.

Results

By 6 months, the intervention site significantly improved all 3 gout performance measures. The percentage treated increased from 54.4% to 61.1% (odds ratio [OR] 1.19 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.08–1.31]; P < 0.001), the percentage monitored increased from 56.1% to 79.2% (OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.24–1.87]; P < 0.001), and the percentage at goal increased from 26.85% to 43.3% (OR 1.43 [95% CI 1.16–1.77]; P < 0.001). At 6 months after intervention, gout patients at the intervention site were more likely to be monitored (79.2% versus 53.4% [OR 3.54 (95% CI 2.30–5.45)]; P < 0.001) and at goal (43.3% versus 28.3% [OR 1.99 (95% CI 1.33–2.96)]; P < 0.001) than control‐site patients. Numbers treated did not significantly improve over the control site.

Conclusion

A pilot multifaceted gout management program can significantly improve primary care gout management performance.
An Unusual Texture Evolution in Extruded Mg–14Gd–Based Alloy during Annealing
Authors: Li Rongguang , Zhang Jinghuai , Fu Guangyan , Zong Lin , Guo Beitao , Yu Yongmei , Guo Shuguo
Published: February 2018

Texture evolution during annealing in various wrought Mg alloys is still controversial and texture control is an effective way of reducing mechanical anisotropy and improving secondary formability for Mg alloys. In this study, the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method is used to monitor the texture evolution during the annealing process of a Mg–14Gd–2Ag–0.5Zr extruded bar. The novel phenomenon, that is, the texture evolution from <0001>⊥ED to <0001> ||ED, or rather, the increase fraction of grains with <0001> ||ED accompanied by the decrease fraction of grains with <0001>⊥ED, is found and discussed in the high‐RE containing Mg alloy for the first time. The effect factors, stored energy in different textured grains and grain boundary misorientation, are mentioned to analyze the texture evolution.
In Situ Growth of 2D Perovskite Capping Layer for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Peng , Bai Yang , Wang Songcan , Lyu Miaoqiang , Yun Jung‐Ho , Wang Lianzhou
Published: February 2018

2D halide perovskites have recently been recognized as a promising avenue in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in terms of encouraging stability and defect passivation effect. However, the efficiency (less than 15%) of ultrastable 2D Ruddlesden–Popper PSCs still lag far behind their traditional 3D perovskite counterparts. Here, a rationally designed 2D‐3D perovskite stacking‐layered architecture by in situ growing 2D PEA2PbI4 capping layers on top of 3D perovskite film, which drastically improves the stability of PSCs without compromising their high performance, is reported. Such a 2D perovskite capping layer induces larger Fermi‐level splitting in the 2D‐3D perovskite film under light illumination, resulting in an enhanced open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and thus a higher efficiency of 18.51% in the 2D‐3D PSCs. Time‐resolved photoluminescence decay measurements indicate the facilitated hole extraction in the 2D‐3D stacking‐layered perovskite films, which is ascribed to the optimized energy band alignment and reduced nonradiative recombination at the subgap states. Benefiting from the high moisture resistivity as well as suppressed ion migration of the 2D perovskite, the 2D‐3D PSCs show significantly improved long‐term stability, retaining nearly 90% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 1000 h exposure in the ambient conditions with a high relative humidity level of 60 ± 10%.
Broad‐Spectrum Neutralization of Pore‐Forming Toxins with Human Erythrocyte Membrane‐Coated Nanosponges
Authors: Chen Yijie , Chen Mengchun , Zhang Yue , Lee Joo Hee , Escajadillo Tamara , Gong Hua , Fang Ronnie H. , Gao Weiwei , Nizet Victor , Zhang Liangfang
Published: February 2018

Neutralization of bacterial toxins has become a compelling approach to treating bacterial infections as it may pose less selective pressure for the development of bacterial resistance. Currently, the majority of toxin neutralization platforms act by targeting the molecular structure of the toxin, which requires toxin identification and customized design for different diseases. Therefore, their development has been challenged by the enormous number and complexity of bacterial toxins. Herein, biomimetic toxin nanosponges are formulated by coating membranes of human red blood cells (hRBCs) onto polymeric nanoparticles, which act as a toxin decoy to absorb and neutralize a broad‐spectrum of hemolytic toxins regardless of their molecular structure. When tested with model pore‐forming toxins, including melittin, α‐hemolysin of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes, and streptolysin O of Group A Streptococcus, the hRBC nanosponges are able to completely inhibit toxin‐induced hemolysis in a concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, the nanosponge‐detained toxins show no cytotoxicity when tested on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and no lethality when injected into mice, which together indicate effective toxin neutralization. Overall, these results demonstrate the broad applicability and high effectiveness of the hRBC nanosponges as a novel antivirulence platform against hemolytic toxins from various strains of bacteria.
Tunable Tribotronic Dual‐Gate Logic Devices Based on 2D MoS2 and Black Phosphorus
Authors: Gao Guoyun , Wan Bensong , Liu Xingqiang , Sun Qijun , Yang Xiaonian , Wang Longfei , Pan Caofeng , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: February 2018

With the Moore's law hitting the bottleneck of scaling‐down in size (below 10 nm), personalized and multifunctional electronics with an integration of 2D materials and self‐powering technology emerge as a new direction of scientific research. Here, a tunable tribotronic dual‐gate logic device based on a MoS2 field‐effect transistor (FET), a black phosphorus FET and a sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported. The triboelectric potential produced from the TENG can efficiently drive the transistors and logic devices without applying gate voltages. High performance tribotronic transistors are achieved with on/off ratio exceeding 106 and cutoff current below 1 pA μm–1. Tunable electrical behaviors of the logic device are also realized, including tunable gains (improved to ≈13.8) and power consumptions (≈1 nW). This work offers an active, low‐power‐consuming, and universal approach to modulate semiconductor devices and logic circuits based on 2D materials with TENG, which can be used in microelectromechanical systems, human–machine interfacing, data processing and transmission.
Transient SHG Imaging on Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics of MoS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Jang Houk , Dhakal Krishna P. , Joo Kyung‐Il , Yun Won Seok , Shinde Sachin M. , Chen Xiang , Jeong Soon Moon , Lee Suk Woo , Lee Zonghoon , Lee JaeDong , Ahn Jong‐Hyun , Kim Hyunmin
Published: February 2018

Understanding the collaborative behaviors of the excitons and phonons that result from light–matter interactions is important for interpreting and optimizing the underlying fundamental physics at work in devices made from atomically thin materials. In this study, the generation of exciton‐coupled phonon vibration from molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets in a pre‐excitonic resonance condition is reported. A strong rise‐to‐decay profile for the transient second‐harmonic generation (TSHG) of the probe pulse is achieved by applying substantial (20%) beam polarization normal to the nanosheet plane, and tuning the wavelength of the pump beam to the absorption of the A‐exciton. The time‐dependent TSHG signals clearly exhibit acoustic phonon generation at vibration modes below 10 cm−1 (close to the Γ point) after the photoinduced energy is transferred from exciton to phonon in a nonradiative fashion. Interestingly, by observing the TSHG signal oscillation period from MoS2 samples of varying thicknesses, the speed of the supersonic waves generated in the out‐of‐plane direction (Mach 8.6) is generated. Additionally, TSHG microscopy reveals critical information about the phase and amplitude of the acoustic phonons from different edge chiralities (armchair and zigzag) of the MoS2 monolayers. This suggests that the technique could be used more broadly to study ultrafast physics and chemistry in low‐dimensional materials and their hybrids with ultrahigh fidelity.
In Situ Grown Epitaxial Heterojunction Exhibits High‐Performance Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Zhu Changrong , Wang An‐Liang , Xiao Wen , Chao Dongliang , Zhang Xiao , Tiep Nguyen Huy , Chen Shi , Kang Jiani , Wang Xin , Ding Jun , Wang John , Zhang Hua , Fan Hong Jin
Published: February 2018

Electrocatalytic performance can be enhanced by engineering a purposely designed nanoheterojunction and fine‐tuning the interface electronic structure. Herein a new approach of developing atomic epitaxial in‐growth in Co‐Ni3N nanowires array is devised, where a nanoconfinement effect is reinforced at the interface. The Co‐Ni3N heterostructure array is formed by thermal annealing NiCo2O4 precursor nanowires under an optimized condition, during which the nanowire morphology is retained. The epitaxial in‐growth structure of Co‐Ni3N at nanometer scale facilitates the electron transfer between the two different domains at the epitaxial interface, leading to a significant enhancement in catalytic activities for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (10 and 16 times higher in the respective turn‐over frequency compared to Ni3N‐alone nanorods). The interface transfer effect is verified by electronic binding energy shift and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This nanoconfinement effect occurring during in situ atomic epitaxial in‐growth of the two compatible materials shows an effective pathway toward high‐performance electrocatalysis and energy storages.
A Magnetofluorescent Carbon Dot Assembly as an Acidic H2O2‐Driven Oxygenerator to Regulate Tumor Hypoxia for Simultaneous Bimodal Imaging and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Jia Qingyan , Ge Jiechao , Liu Weimin , Zheng Xiuli , Chen Shiqing , Wen Yongmei , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Pengfei
Published: February 2018

Recent studies indicate that carbon dots (CDs) can efficiently generate singlet oxygen (1O2) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. However, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and rapid consumption of oxygen in the PDT process will severely limit therapeutic effects of CDs due to the oxygen‐dependent PDT. Thus, it is becoming particularly important to develop a novel CD as an in situ tumor oxygenerator for overcoming hypoxia and substantially enhancing the PDT efficacy. Herein, for the first time, magnetofluorescent Mn‐CDs are successfully prepared using manganese(II) phthalocyanine as a precursor. After cooperative self‐assembly with DSPE‐PEG, the obtained Mn‐CD assembly can be applied as a smart contrast agent for both near‐infrared fluorescence (FL) (maximum peak at 745 nm) and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) (relaxivity value of 6.97 mM−1 s−1) imaging. More interestingly, the Mn‐CD assembly can not only effectively produce 1O2 (quantum yield of 0.40) but also highly catalyze H2O2 to generate oxygen. These collective properties of the Mn‐CD assembly enable it to be utilized as an acidic H2O2‐driven oxygenerator to increase the oxygen concentration in hypoxic solid tumors for simultaneous bimodal FL/MR imaging and enhanced PDT. This work explores a new biomedical use of CDs and provides a versatile carbon nanomaterial candidate for multifunctional nanotheranostic applications.
Magneto‐Optical Modulation of Photonic Spin Hall Effect of Graphene in Terahertz Region
Authors: Tang Tingting , Li Jie , Luo Li , Sun Ping , Yao Jianquan
Published: February 2018

Magneto‐optical (MO) modulation of the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) of transmitted light in graphene–substrate system in terahertz region is proposed. The expressions for PSHE shifts of left‐handed circularly polarized (LHCP) and right‐handed circularly polarized (RHCP) components are derived based on angular spectrum analysis. PSHE shifts and their physical mechanisms are discussed in detail in the presence of different relaxation time and Fermi energy of graphene based on simulation results. The potential applications of MO‐modulated PSHE in multichannel switch and barcode encryption are also proposed and discussed. The MO‐modulated PSHE in graphene–substrate system provides a new mechanism to realize photonic devices in the terahertz region.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Arylative Transformations of Propargylic Diols: Dual Role of the Rhodium Catalyst
Authors: Xing Junhao , Zhu Yong , Lin Xiao , Liu Na , Shen Yue , Lu Tao , Dou Xiaowei
Published: February 2018

Controllable synthesis of a variety of allenic alcohols and 2,5‐dihydrofurans by rhodium(I)‐catalyzed arylative transformations of propargylic diols is reported. The hydroxorhodium catalyst was found to play dual role: it catalyzed the arylation/dehydroxylation reaction of propargylic diols to afford allenic alcohols, and besides, it could convert to a cationic rhodium species in situ, which catalyzed the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of allenic alcohols to form dihydrofurans. Remarkably, generation of the cationic rhodium species is dependent on the arylboron reagent used. Thus, the controllable synthesis is achieved by simply changing the arylboron reagent.

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Energy Level Alignment at Interfaces Between Au (111) and Thiolated Oligophenylenes of Increasing Chain Size: Theoretical Evidence of Pinning Effects
Authors: Diez‐Cabanes Valentin , Gonzalez Sandra Rodriguez , Osella Silvio , Cornil David , Van Dyck Colin , Cornil Jérôme
Published: February 2018

We present a detailed theoretical characterization of the energetic alignment between the HOMO level of a series of thiolated oligophenylenes of increasing chain size, and the Fermi level of gold electrodes, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations for molecular self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) chemisorbed on an Au (111) surface, and the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism coupled to DFT for single molecule junctions. The additional role of the dynamic electronic polarization effects neglected in standard DFT calculations is also discussed. Interestingly, whereas the HOMO energy varies significantly among the unsubstituted oligomers in the gas phase, their alignment with respect to the Fermi level of the electrode is almost insensitive to chain size upon chemisorption, thus pointing to a strong pinning effect. The energy at which the HOMO is pinned strongly depends on the degree of interfacial hybridization, and hence on the contact geometry, as well as on the degree of surface coverage although a different mechanism enters into play.
Device Physics of Hybrid Perovskite Solar cells: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Lopez‐Varo Pilar , Jiménez‐Tejada Juan A. , García‐Rosell Manuel , Ravishankar Sandheep , Garcia‐Belmonte Germà , Bisquert Juan , Almora Osbel
Published: February 2018

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit a series of distinctive features in their optoelectronic response which have a crucial influence on the performance, particularly for long‐time response. Here, a survey of recent advances both in device simulation and optoelectronic and photovoltaic responses is provided, with the aim of comprehensively covering recent advances. Device simulations are included with clarifying discussions about the implications of classical drift–diffusion modeling and the inclusion of ionic charged layers near the outer carrier selective contacts. The outcomes of several transient techniques are summarized, along with the discussion of impedance and capacitive responses upon variation of bias voltage and irradiance level. In relation to the capacitive response, a discussion on the J–V curve hysteresis is also included. Although alternative models and explanations are included in the discussion, the review relies upon a key mechanism able to yield most of the rich experimental responses. Particularly for state‐of‐the‐art solar cells exhibiting efficiencies around or exceeding 20%, outer interfaces play a determining role on the PSC's performance. The ionic and electronic kinetics in the vicinity of the interfaces, coupled to surface recombination and carrier extraction mechanisms, should be carefully explored to progress further in performance enhancement.
Improving the Performance and Stability of Inverted Planar Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells Employing a Novel NDI‐Based Polymer as the Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Kim Hong Il , Kim Myeong‐Jong , Choi Kyoungwon , Lim Chaesung , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Park Taiho
Published: February 2018

A new naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based polymer with strong electron withdrawing dicyanothiophene (P(NDI2DT‐TTCN)) is developed as the electron transport layer (ETL) in place of the fullerene‐based ETL in inverted perovskite solar cells (Pero‐SCs). A combination of characterization techniques, including atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy, space‐charge‐limited current, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and time‐resolved PL decay, is used to demonstrate the interface phenomena between perovskite and P(NDI2DT‐TTCN) or [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). It is found that P(NDI2DT‐TTCN) not only improves the electron extraction ability but also prevents ambient condition interference by forming a hydrophobic ETL surface. In addition, P(NDI2DT‐TTCN) has excellent mechanical stability compared to PCBM in flexible Pero‐SCs. With these improved functionalities, the performance of devices based on P(NDI2DT‐TTCN) significantly outperform those based on PCBM from 14.3 to 17.0%, which is the highest photovoltaic performance with negligible hysteresis in the field of polymeric ETLs.
High‐Performance Thick‐Film All‐Polymer Solar Cells Created Via Ternary Blending of a Novel Wide‐Bandgap Electron‐Donating Copolymer
Authors: Fan Baobing , Zhu Peng , Xin Jingming , Li Ning , Ying Lei , Zhong Wenkai , Li Zhenye , Ma Wei , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: February 2018

A novel wide‐bandgap electron‐donating copolymer containing an electron‐deficient, difluorobenzotriazole building block with a siloxane‐terminated side chain is developed. The resulting polymer, poly{(4,8‐bis(4,5‐dihexylthiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐co‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐5,6‐difluoro‐2‐(6‐(1,1,1,3,5,5,5‐heptamethyltri‐siloxan‐3‐yl)hexyl)‐2H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole} (PBTA‐Si), is used to successfully fabricate high‐performance, ternary, all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) insensitive to the active layer thickness. An impressively high fill factor of ≈76% is achieved with various ternary‐blending ratios. The optimized all‐PSCs attain a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.17% with an active layer thickness of 350 nm and maintain a PCE over 8% for thicknesses over 400 nm, which is the highest reported efficiency for thick all‐PSCs. These results can be attributed to efficient charge transfer, additional energy transfer, high and balanced charge transport, and weak recombination behavior in the photoactive layer. Moreover, the photoactive layers of the ternary all‐PSCs are processed in a nonhalogenated solvent, 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran, which greatly improves their compatibility with large‐scale manufacturing.
Engineered MoSe2‐Based Heterostructures for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Najafi Leyla , Bellani Sebastiano , Oropesa‐Nuñez Reinier , Ansaldo Alberto , Prato Mirko , Del Rio Castillo Antonio Esau , Bonaccorso Francesco
Published: February 2018

2D transition metal‐dichalcogenides are emerging as efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, only the edge sites of their trigonal prismatic phase show HER‐electrocatalytic properties, while the basal plane, which is absent of defective/unsaturated sites, is inactive. Herein, the authors tackle the key challenge of increasing the number of electrocatalytic sites by designing and engineering heterostructures composed of single‐/few‐layer MoSe2flakes and carbon nanomaterials (graphene or single‐wall carbon nanotubes) produced by solution processing. The electrochemical coupling between the materials that comprise the heterostructure effectively enhances the HER‐electrocatalytic activity of the native MoSe2flakes. The optimization of the mass loading of MoSe2flakes and their electrode assembly via monolithic heterostructure stacking provides a cathodic current density of 10 mA cm−2at overpotential of 100 mV, a Tafel slope of 63 mV dec−1, and an exchange current density (j0) of 0.203 µA cm−2. In addition, thermal and chemical treatments are exploited to texturize the basal planes of the MoSe2flakes (through Se‐vacancies creation) and to achieve in situ semiconducting‐to‐metallic phase conversion, respectively, thus they activate new HER‐electrocatalytic sites. The as‐engineered electrodes show a 4.8‐fold enhancement ofj0and a decrease in the Tafel slope to 54 mV dec−1.
Stable Lithium Electrodeposition at Ultra‐High Current Densities Enabled by 3D PMF/Li Composite Anode
Authors: Fan Lei , Zhuang Houlong L. , Zhang Weidong , Fu Yao , Liao Zhihao , Lu Yingying
Published: February 2018

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage due to their high energy densities on both weight and volume bases. However, LMBs usually undergo uncontrollable lithium deposition, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and volume expansion, which easily lead to low Coulombic efficiency, poor cycling performance, and even safety hazards, hindering their practical applications for more than forty years. These issues can be further exacerbated if operated at high current densities. Here a stable lithium metal battery enabled by 3D porous poly‐melamine‐formaldehyde (PMF)/Li composite anode is reported. PMF with a large number of polar groups (amine and triazine) can effectively homogenize Li‐ion concentration when these ions approach to the anode surface and thus achieve uniform Li deposition. Moreover, the 3D structured anode can serve as a Li host to mitigate the volume change during Li stripping and plating process. Galvanostatic measurements demonstrate that the 3D composite electrode can achieve high‐lithium Coulombic efficiency of 94.7% at an ultrahigh current density of 10 mA cm−2 after 50 cycles with low hysteresis and smooth voltage plateaus. When coupled with Li4Ti5O12, half‐cells show enhanced rate capabilities and Coulombic efficiencies, opening great opportunities for high‐energy batteries.
Glissonean pedicle approach in liver surgery
Authors: Yamamoto Masakazu , Ariizumi Shun‐ichi
Published: February 2018

Glisson's capsule was discovered by Johannis Walaeus in 1640 and described by Francis Glisson in 1654. The capsule wraps the hepatic artery, the portal vein and the bile duct in the liver and forms bundles at the hepatic hilus and in the liver as the Glissonean pedicle tree. Glisson's capsule does not connect to the proper membrane of the liver, which was discovered by Laennec; therefore, the Glissonean pedicles can be detached from the liver parenchyma without liver dissection. Couinaud described three main approaches to control the inflow system at the hepatic hilus in liver surgery; the intrafascial approach, the extrafascial and transfissural approach, and the extrafascial approach. The intrafascial approach is the so‐called control method. The extrafascial and transfissural approach, and the extrafascial approach are recognized as the Glissonean pedicle approach. When the Glissonean pedicles are ligated before liver transection, various types of anatomical hepatectomy can be carried out. The Glissonean pedicle approach is, therefore, considered to be one of the most important procedures in liver surgery. We herein describe the historical aspects and procedures of the Glissonean pedicle approach in liver surgery.
A biallelic ANTXR1 variant expands the anthrax toxin receptor associated phenotype to tooth agenesis
Authors: Dinckan Nuriye , Du Renqian , Akdemir Zeynep C. , Bayram Yavuz , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Doddapaneni Harsha , Hu Jianhong , Muzny Donna M. , Guven Yeliz , Aktoren Oya , Kayserili Hulya , Boerwinkle Eric , Gibbs Richard A. , Posey Jennifer E. , Lupski James R. , Uyguner Zehra O. , Letra Ariadne
Published: February 2018

Tooth development is regulated by multiple genetic pathways, which ultimately drive the complex interactions between the oral epithelium and mesenchyme. Disruptions at any time point during this process may lead to failure of tooth development, also known as tooth agenesis (TA). TA is a common craniofacial abnormality in humans and represents the failure to develop one or more permanent teeth. Many genes and potentially subtle variants in these genes contribute to the TA phenotype. We report the clinical and genetic impact of a rare homozygous ANTXR1 variant (c.1312C>T), identified by whole exome sequencing (WES), in a consanguineous Turkish family with TA. Mutations in ANTXR1 have been associated with GAPO (growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and optic atrophy) syndrome and infantile hemangioma, however no clinical characteristics associated with these conditions were observed in our study family. We detected the expression of Antxr1 in oral and dental tissues of developing mouse embryos, further supporting a role for this gene in tooth development. Our findings implicate ANTXR1 as a candidate gene for isolated TA, suggest the involvement of specific hypomorphic alleles, and expand the previously known ANTXR1‐associated phenotypes.
Three siblings with Prader–Willi syndrome caused by imprinting center microdeletions and review
Authors: Hartin Samantha N. , Hossain Waheeda A. , Weisensel Nicolette , Butler Merlin G.
Published: February 2018

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic imprinting disorder characterized by childhood obesity, short stature, hypogonadism/hypogenitalism, hypotonia, cognitive impairment, and behavioral problems. Usually PWS occurs sporadically due to the loss of paternally expressed genes on chromosome 15 with the majority of individuals having the 15q11‐q13 region deleted. Examples of familial PWS have been reported but rarely. To date 13 families have been reported with more than one child with PWS and without a 15q11‐q13 deletion secondary to a chromosome 15 translocation, inversion, or uniparental maternal disomy 15. Ten of those 13 families were shown to carry microdeletions in the PWS imprinting center. The microdeletions were found to be of paternal origin in nine of the ten cases in which family studies were carried out. Using a variety of techniques, the microdeletions were identified in regions within the complex SNRPN gene locus encompassing the PWS imprinting center. Here, we report the clinical and genetic findings in three adult siblings with PWS caused by a microdeletion in the chromosome 15 imprinting center inherited from an unaffected father that controls the activity of genes in the 15q11‐q13 region and summarize the 13 reported cases in the literature.