bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae with improvement of decreased cerebral bold flow by single‐photon emission computed tomography during hyperbaric oxygen therapy: A case report with a 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Hagiwara Kosuke , Matsubara Toshio , Nakagawa Shin
Published: September 2023

Background

Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) occurs in 10%–30% of acute carbon monoxide poisoning cases. Patients with this condition present higher brain dysfunction. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy was reportedly an effective treatment for DNS in the acute phase. Favorable predictive factors affecting the prognosis of patients with DNS after HBO therapy include younger age and longer interictal periods. However, the relationship between these factors and neuroimaging findings remains unclear.

Case Presentation

The patient was a 59‐year‐old man with DNS, who developed major depressive disorder and attempted suicide with charcoal briquettes. He was diagnosed with carbon monoxide poisoning and underwent acute HBO therapy. After a 1‐month lucid period, the patient developed intermittent carbon monoxide poisoning with cognitive dysfunction, following which HBO therapy was re‐initiated. Following treatment, the patient returned to work for 10 years. Frontal lobe hypoperfusion, measured by single‐photon emission computed tomography and cognitive impairment, improved with HBO therapy. However, magnetic resonance imaging revealed brain volume atrophy over time.

Conclusion

This study reported a case of DNS that completely resolved within a 10‐year follow‐up period. Cerebral blood flow reduction, mainly in the frontal lobe, improved along with cognitive recovery during HBO therapy. Despite gradually progressive brain atrophy over the past decade, no noted deficits in cerebral blood flow were observed in the frontal lobes. These findings suggest that improvement in cerebral blood flow during HBO therapy and its retention may be factors associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with DNS.
Accurate ligand–protein docking in CASP15 using the ClusPro LigTBM server
Authors: Kotelnikov Sergei , Ashizawa Ryota , Popov Konstantin I. , Khan Omeir , Ignatov Mikhail , Li Stan Xiaogang , Hassan Mosavverul , Coutsias Evangelos A. , Poda Gennady , Padhorny Dzmitry , Tropsha Alexander , Vajda Sandor , Kozakov Dima
Published: September 2023

In the ligand prediction category of CASP15, the challenge was to predict the positions and conformations of small molecules binding to proteins that were provided as amino acid sequences or as models generated by the AlphaFold2 program. For most targets, we used our template‐based ligand docking program ClusPro ligTBM, also implemented as a public server available at https://ligtbm.cluspro.org/. Since many targets had multiple chains and a number of ligands, several templates, and some manual interventions were required. In a few cases, no templates were found, and we had to use direct docking using the Glide program. Nevertheless, ligTBM was shown to be a very useful tool, and by any ranking criteria, our group was ranked among the top five best‐performing teams. In fact, all the best groups used template‐based docking methods. Thus, it appears that the AlphaFold2‐generated models, despite the high accuracy of the predicted backbone, have local differences from the x‐ray structure that make the use of direct docking methods more challenging. The results of CASP15 confirm that this limitation can be frequently overcome by homology‐based docking.
Cyclin B3 plays pleiotropic roles in female reproductive organogenesis and early embryogenesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Hu Hai , Tan Duan , Luo Tianfu , Tong Xiaoling , Han Minjin , Shen Jianghong , Dai Fangyin
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

The reproductive system plays a crucial role in insect survival, reproduction and species specificity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive organogenesis contributes to improving the efficiency of sterile insect technique marked by an eco‐friendly pest management strategy. Lepidoptera is one of the largest orders of insects, most of which are major pests in agriculture and forestry. Our study aimed to screen the genes responsible for reproductive organogenesis and unravel the mechanism underlying female reproductive organ defects.

RESULTS

Morphological investigation of female reproductive organs showed a defective connection between oviductus geminus and oviductus communis on the second day of pupa (P2) in Speckled mutant silkworm. RNA_Seq identified a total of 18 049 transcripts that were expressed in the P2 female internal reproductive organs without ovary in Spc/+ compared to +Spc/+Spc. Differential expression analysis identified 312 up‐regulated genes and 221 down‐regulated genes in Spc/+. KEGG analysis identified 44 significantly enriched pathways. The results of qRT‐PCR performed on 33 genes significantly matched the outcomes of the RNA_Seq. Dysfunction of Cyclin B3 resulted in a defective connection of the oviductus communis with the ovariole, dysfunction of oogenesis, and a petite body. Moreover, homozygous recessive lethality of Cyclin B3/Cyclin B3 occurred during early embryogenesis.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that Cyclin B3 is a pleiotropic functional gene that regulates early embryogenesis, oogenesis, development, and female reproductive organogenesis. These results showed that Cyclin B3 has significant effects on lepidopteran mortality, growth, and reproductive physiology, which might be considered a novel and potentially eco‐friendly target for lepidopteran pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel approach for remaining useful life prediction of high‐reliability equipment based on long short‐term memory and multi‐head self‐attention mechanism
Authors: Al‐Dahidi Sameer , Rashed Mohammad , Abu‐Shams Mohammad , Mellal Mohamed Arezki , Alrbai Mohammad , Ramadan Saleem , Zio Enrico
Published: September 2023

Accurate prediction of the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of components and systems is crucial for avoiding an unscheduled shutdown of production by planning maintenance interventions effectively in advance. For high‐reliability equipment, few complete‐run‐to‐failure trajectories may be available in practice. This constitutes a technical challenge for data‐driven techniques for estimating the RUL. This paper proposes a novel data‐driven approach for fault prognostics using the Long‐Short Term Memory (LSTM) model combined with the Multi‐Head Self‐Attention (MHSA) mechanism. The former is applied to the input signals, whereas the latter is used to extract features from the LSTM hidden states, benefiting from the information from all hidden states rather than utilizing that of the final hidden state only. The proposed approach is characterized by its capability to recognize long‐term dependencies while extracting features in both global and local contexts. This enables the approach to provide accurate RUL estimates in various stages of the equipment's life. The proposed approach is applied to an artificial case study simulated to mimic the realistic degradation behaviour of a heterogeneous fleet of aluminium electrolytic capacitors used in the automotive industry (under variable operating and environmental conditions). Results indicate that the proposed approach can provide accurate RUL estimates for high‐reliability equipment compared to four benchmark models from the literature.
Green and Simple Synthesis of a Nonflammable and Broad‐Spectrum Adsorbent for Uranyl and Other Metal Ions
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Li Yu , Zhao Haitao , Xu Xiang , Cheng Jiannan , He Weiwei , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping
Published: September 2023

Adsorption is an effective technology widely used in the removal of radioactive and other heavy metal ions, the adsorbent plays critical role and development of novel adsorbents is being in urgent demand. In this work, phytic acid (PA)‐modified melamine sponge (MS) adsorbent MS@PDA@PA is prepared conveniently in green solvent water. A wide spectrum of metal ions including radioactive uranyl and transition heavy metal ions can be effectively adsorbed by the MS@PDA@PA due to non‐selectivity of phosphoric acid groups in PA. Different factors including pH of aqueous solution, contact time, and initial concentration of ions on the effect of adsorption of the resultant materials are investigated in detail, and the maximum adsorption capacities for U(VI), Pb(II), Cu(II), Cr(III) are 166.7, 168.5, 114.3, and 101.0 mg g−1 respectively at 298 K. It is notable that the MS@PDA@PA is nonflammable due to employment of MS as frame material, and the thermal stability is even improved after incorporation of PA, greatly reduce the risk of the adsorbent in the processes of storage and usage. The green yet simple synthesis and fire resistance of MS@PDA@PA make it a competitive material for practical treatment of wastewater consisting of toxic metal ions.
Health risk assessment of lead‐zinc mine tailing in Angoran, Zanjan, Iran
Authors: Akhavan Ahmad , Golchin Ahmad
Published: September 2023

Comprehending the characteristics of heavy metal contamination within mine tailings and its ramifications on ecological and human well‐being holds paramount importance in formulating effective preventive and ameliorative strategies. This investigation evaluates the health hazards posed by the tailings originating from the Angoran lead‐zinc mine situated in Zanjan province, Iran. The mine generates two distinct types of tailings: hot filter cake (referred to as cobalt cake or S2) and cold filter cake (nickel cake or S1). Twenty subsamples were procured from each type of tailing and subjected to analysis at the pollution research laboratory of University of Zanjan. The quantification of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), and antimony (Sb) concentrations was accomplished through the utilization of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic risk assessment indices were computed. Moreover, the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for the measurements were established using blank solutions prepared as samples for assessment. The Hazard Index (HI) surpassed unity for Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Hg, and Mn in both types of tailings, signifying non‐carcinogenic risk exposure for both children and adults. Furthermore, the HI for Pb and As also exceeded unity for adults. Consequently, both age groups were subject to non‐carcinogenic hazards, with children encountering notably elevated risks. The chief pathways for exposure to heavy metals and the ensuing non‐carcinogenic risks encompassed ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The cumulative risk threshold for carcinogenic outcomes, in accordance with USEPA standards, ranged between 1.00E‐04 and 1.00E‐06. In this inquiry, the overall risk for children associated with tailing S1 and S2 amounted to 2.39E‐03 and 5.00E‐03, respectively, markedly surpassing the acceptable threshold. Furthermore, the cumulative risk for adults pertaining to tailing S1 and S2 stood at 1.27E‐03 and 4.68E‐03, respectively, indicating the presence of carcinogenic perils in the adult demographic.
Bifurcations of streamlines in peristaltic flow without lubrication approximation: A case study
Authors: Rasool Husnain , Ali Nasir , Ullah Kaleem
Published: September 2023

Bifurcations of streamlines in peristaltic flow through a channel are investigated without lubrication approximation, that is, when the inertial and streamline curvature effects are present. The stream function for the considered flow is first established and then utilized to locate the stagnation/ equilibrium points. The classification of equilibrium points is made by employing the theory of dynamical systems. It is observed that the inertial effects modify the location and number of equilibrium points and hence give rise to additional bifurcations. This research focuses on the alterations in the topology of flow within a pump when there is partial occlusion. The insights gained from this research could be beneficial in guaranteeing the smooth flow of fluids through the pump with no risk of entrapment from entry to exit. Moreover, if trapping does occur, this information can be helpful in identifying the exact region within the pump where the fluid is being trapped.
Critical analysis of generalized Newtonian fluid flow past a non‐linearly stretched curved surface: A numerical solution for Carreau model
Authors: Ali Nasir , Khan Muhammad Waris Saeed , Saleem Shahzad
Published: September 2023

The underlying intention of the present work is to elaborate the boundary layer flow of Carreau fluid over a non‐linear stretching curved surface. Firstly, we derived the equation of motion for a two‐dimensional curved surface using the Carreau constitutive relation. Employing the well‐known approximations of the boundary layer theory (order of magnitude analysis), the terms of higher and next order have been neglected. We developed an appropriate similarity transformation that reduced the considered partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation (self‐similar formulation). The MATLAB built‐in function usually known as bvp5c is utilized to get the numerical solution of the considered problem. The impact of the power‐law index (n), Weissenberg number and curvature parameter (k) on velocity profile and skin friction are analyzed through several graphs and tables. The obtained results are also verified by employing the shooting method through Maple software. The results reveal that both boundary layer thickness and velocity profile increase by enlarging the dimensionless curvature parameter of the curved surface.
Introduction: Spatializing Language Studies in the Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Malinowski David , Maxim Hiram H. , Dubreil Sébastien
Published: September 2023

As the assemblage of visible, audible, and otherwise textualized languages of public space, the linguistic landscape forms a rich context for understanding how material and environmental affordances affect language learning, and how language teachers can bring their L2 curricula to life. Whether it is within the four walls of a school, in a nearby neighborhood, or in virtual telecollaborative environments, the chapters of this volume illustrate how such diverse configurations of space lend themselves to language and literacy learning, while also contributing to learners’ critical cultural and historical awareness. Before inviting the reader to the volume’s nine chapters, this introduction outlines the history and significance of “space” in language teaching and learning research, a topic of significant interest and innovation in L2 education today. It then offers a framework for the spatialization of language teaching, that is, a pedagogy that is linguistically and culturally complex, geographically situated, historically informed, dialogically realized, and socially engaged. Whether one endeavors to teach in a traditional classroom, or immersed in the sights and sounds of outdoor spaces, or even from one's desktop at home, language teaching with the linguistic landscape is evaluated for its potential to extend the human, symbolic, and critical dimensions of L2 learning.
Exploring Language and Culture in the Novice Chinese Classroom Through the Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Yu Fei , Moeller Aleidine J. , Lu Jia
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, we showcase a field trip project developed and tested in a two-week Chinese immersion summer program to demonstrate how using the theoretical framework of social constructivism in combination with linguistic landscape (LL) offers novice language learners the opportunity to explore the Chinese language and culture in an authentic context. This project was designed to motivate and engage learners actively in acquiring language skills and cultural knowledge and understanding. We examine pedagogical approaches and potential benefits of using technology and LL as pedagogical resources in language education to promote learner engagement in the target language and culture in a community based context.
A Collaborative Asset Mapping Approach to the Linguistic Landscape: Learning from the community’s Linguistic Capital in an L2 College-Writing Course
Authors: Ruvalcaba Christian , Aguilera Michelle
Published: September 2023

The Language Capital Project is a collaborative linguistic asset-mapping project that identifies non-residential locations in Tucson, Arizona, where languages other than English are present. This chapter introduces the project and theoretically situates it as LL research with a sociolinguistic justice approach. Through this approach, LL research is done alongside the language community members themselves, drawing from their knowledge and lived experience. This leads to a more complete understanding of the linguistic landscape, particularly minoritized community spaces, and it challenges homogenous, monolingual narratives of the southwest. After introducing the methods and outcomes of the project, the chapter presents an exploratory pilot case study of two undergraduate L2, first-year writing students who participated in the project as part of an extra credit assignment. This exploratory pilot case study showed that the students who participated in the project reported having had a positive experience as well as shifts in roles and transformational identity experiences.
Multilingual Linguistic Landscapes of New York City as a Pedagogical Tool in a Psychology Classroom
Authors: Sekerina Irina A. , Brooks Patricia J.
Published: September 2023

The chapter describes the utilization of Linguistic Landscapes (LL) as a pedagogical tool in an undergraduate research methods course in psychology and demonstrates how studying urban multilingualism can be harnessed in the service of five comprehensive learning goals of the American Psychological Association Guidelines for the Undergraduate Psychology Major (American Psychological Association, APA guidelines for the undergraduate psychology major. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/about/undergraduate-major.aspx, 2013). Fourteen students in their second year of college took a seminar titled Science and Technology in New York City with the theme of urban multilingualism, where they investigated how and why languages other than English are used in public signage in ethnic neighborhoods of New York City. Students were assigned to five groups; three groups had members with prior exposure to a second language (Spanish, Russian, Hebrew) to conduct the project, whereas the other two groups recruited bilingual friends to assist them (Greek, Chinese). The groups visited five ethnic neighborhoods in New York City and took photographs of 267 bilingual public signs. They collected responses to a small-scale survey (6–10 questions) or interviewed local bilingual residents. Students categorized signs, analyzed survey and interview responses, contributed to a class poster, and wrote a group research report in APA-format and an individual reflections essay. This course is an example of how LL can be used to promote an international perspective on psychology by exploring immigration and cultural diversity.
Einleitung
Authors: Lenk Alexander
Published: September 2023

In wissenssoziologischer Lesart geht es bei der Luhmannschen „Beobachtung zweiter Ordnung“ um eine Kritik des Wissens, die vor den Praktiken der Generierung von wissenschaftlichem Wissen nicht Halt macht. Als Kritik des Wissens wird die soziologische Aufklärung anderer gleichzeitig zu einer kritischen Selbstreflexion. Vor diesem Hintergrund lässt sich die Forschung über akademische Subjektivierung als schmale Gratwanderung zwischen methodischem Voyeurismus und einem selbstreferenziellen Erkenntnisstreben begreifen.
Methodologische Fundierung: Dispositivanalyse
Authors: Lenk Alexander
Published: September 2023

Die Ansätze eines gouvernementalen Dispositivs und der Soziologie des individuellen Widerstands werden nun durch eine methologische Fundierung für die Analyse von akademischer Subjektivierung fruchtbar gemacht, denn bisher wurden nur erkenntnis-theoretische Grundlagen sowie begrifflich-theoretische Bestandteile der Forschungsperspektiven vorgestellt. Die methodologischen Vorgaben sowie die methodisch-praktischen Instrumente der skizzierten Perspektiven blieben bisher weitestgehend offen und werden im Folgenden beleuchtet.
Das Zusammenspiel von Subjektivierungsformen des Managementdiskurses und akademischen Subjektivierungsweisen
Authors: Lenk Alexander
Published: September 2023

Die folgende Befragtenübersicht, die mithilfe einer Onlineumfrage während der Fallstudie an der FU Berlin generiert wurde, dient als Einstieg in die Analyse kollektiver Deutungsmuster und akademischer Subjektivierungsweisen.
Combination Therapy-Based Adaptive Control for Organism Using Medicine Dosage Regulation Mechanism
Authors: Sun Jiayue , Xu Shun , Liu Yang , Zhang Huaguang
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, the optimal control strategy for organism is investigated by using adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method under the architecture of nonzero-sum games (NZSGs). Firstly, a tumor model is established to formulate the interaction relationships among normal cells, tumor cells, endothelial cells and the concentrations of drugs. Then, the ADP-based method of single-critic network architecture is proposed to approximate the coupled Hamilton-Jacobi equations (HJEs) under the medicine dosage regulation mechanism (MDRM). According to game theory, the approximate MDRM-based optimal strategy can be derived, which is of great practical significance. Owing to the proposed mechanism, the dosages of the chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs can be regulated timely and necessarily. Furthermore, the stability of the closed-loop system with the obtained strategy is analyzed via Lyapunov theory. Finally, a simulation experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
$$ \mathcal{PT} $$ breaking and RG flows between multicritical Yang-Lee fixed points
Authors: Lencsés Máté , Miscioscia Alessio , Mussardo Giuseppe , Takács Gábor
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We study a novel class of Renormalization Group flows which connect multicritical versions of the two-dimensional Yang-Lee edge singularity described by the conformal minimal models $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
(2, 2n + 3). The absence in these models of an order parameter implies that the flows towards and between Yang-Lee edge singularities are all related to the spontaneous breaking of $$ \mathcal{PT} $$
PT
symmetry and comprise a pattern of flows in the space of $$ \mathcal{PT} $$
PT
symmetric theories consistent with the c-theorem and the counting of relevant directions. Additionally, we find that while in a part of the phase diagram the domains of unbroken and broken $$ \mathcal{PT} $$
PT
symmetry are separated by critical manifolds of class $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
(2, 2n + 3), other parts of the boundary between the two domains are not critical.
Non-isometric codes for the black hole interior from fundamental and effective dynamics
Authors: DeWolfe Oliver , Higginbotham Kenneth
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We introduce a new holographic map for encoding black hole interiors by including both fundamental and effective dynamics. This holographic map is constructed by evolving a state in the effective, semiclassical gravity description of the interior backwards in time to pull the degrees of freedom outside the black hole, before evolving forwards in time in the fundamental description. We show this “backwards-forwards” map is equivalent to a post-selection map of the type introduced by Akers, Engelhardt, Harlow, Penington, and Vardhan, and in the case of trivial effective interactions reduces to their model, while providing a suitable generalization when those interactions are nontrivial. We show the map is equivariant with respect to time evolution, and independent of any interactions outside the black hole. This construction includes interactions with an infaller in a way that preserves the unitarity of black hole evolution exactly and does not allow for superpolynomial computational complexity.
A tale of N cones
Authors: Bourget Antoine , Grimminger Julius F. , Hanany Amihay , Kalveks Rudolph , Sperling Marcus , Zhong Zhenghao
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We study particular families of bad 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 quiver gauge theories, whose Higgs branches consist of many cones. We show the role of a novel brane configuration in realizing the Higgs moduli for each distinct cone. Through brane constructions, magnetic quivers, Hasse diagrams, and Hilbert series computations we study the intricate structure of the classical Higgs branches. These Higgs branches are both non-normal (since they consist of multiple cones) and non-reduced (due to the presence of nilpotent operators in the chiral ring). Applying the principle of inversion to the classical Higgs branch Hasse diagrams, we conjecture the quantum Coulomb branch Hasse diagrams. These Coulomb branches have several most singular loci, corresponding to the several cones in the Higgs branch. We propose the Hasse diagrams of the full quantum moduli spaces of our theories. The quivers we study can be taken to be 5d effective gauge theories living on brane webs. Their infinite coupling theories have Higgs branches which also consist of multiple cones. Some of these cones have decorated magnetic quivers, whose 3d Coulomb branches remain elusive.
Surface defects in the O(N) model
Authors: Trépanier Maxime
Published: September 2023

Abstract

I study the two-dimensional defects of the d dimensional critical O(N) model and the defect RG flows between them. By combining the ϵ-expansion around d = 4 and d = 6 as well as large N techniques, I find new conformal defects and examine their behavior across dimensions and at various N. I discuss how some of these fixed points relate to the known ordinary, special and extraordinary transitions in the 3d theory, as well as examine the presence of new symmetry breaking fixed points preserving an O(p) × O(N − p) subgroup of O(N) for N ≤ Nc (with the estimate Nc = 6). I characterise these fixed points by obtaining their conformal anomaly coefficients, their 1-point functions and comment on the calculation of their string potential. These results establish surface operators as a viable approach to the characterisation of interface critical phenomena in the 3d critical O(N) model.
Lipschitz-Free Spaces over Cantor Sets and Approximation Properties
Authors: Talimdjioski Filip
Published: September 2023

Let $$K=2^\mathbb {N}$$

K
=

2
N

be the Cantor set, let $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
be the set of all metrics d on K that give its usual (product) topology, and equip $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
with the topology of uniform convergence, where the metrics are regarded as functions on $$K^2$$

K
2

. We prove that the set of metrics $$d\in \mathcal {M}$$

d
∈
M

for which the Lipschitz-free space $$\mathcal {F}(K,d)$$

F
(
K
,
d
)

has the metric approximation property is a residual $$F_{\sigma \delta }$$

F

σ
δ

set in $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
, and that the set of metrics $$d\in \mathcal {M}$$

d
∈
M

for which $$\mathcal {F}(K,d)$$

F
(
K
,
d
)

fails the approximation property is a dense meager set in $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
. This answers a question posed by G. Godefroy.
3-D-Analyse von posttraumatischen Tibiaschaftfehlstellungen und deren Korrektur anhand der gesunden Gegenseite
Authors: Viehöfer Arnd F. , Wirth Stephan H.
Published: September 2023

Grundlagen

Die 3‑D-Analyse und Umsetzung mit patientenindividuellen Schnitt- und Repositionsblöcken ermöglicht die Korrektur komplexer Tibiafehlstellungen. Die Korrektur kann anhand der Gegenseite oder eines statistischen Modells geplant werden. Patientenspezifische 3‑D-gedruckte Schnittführungsblöcke ermöglichen eine präzise Osteotomie, und Repositionsblöcke helfen, eine anatomische Reposition zu erreichen. Je nach Art und Ausmaß der Korrektur muss eine Fibulaosteotomie erwogen werden, um eine Korrektur in der gewünschten Reposition zu erreichen.

Kontraindikationen

a) Schlechte Weichteilsituation, Vorsicht insbesondere bei adhärenter Haut und Lappenplastiken im Zugangsbereich; b) Infektionen; c) periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (Stadium III und IV, kritischer transkutaner Sauerstoffpartialdruck tcpO2 im Operationsgebiet); d) allgemeine Kontraindikation einer Operation.

Operationstechnik

Vor der Operation wird ein 3‑D-Modell beider Unterschenkel anhand von CT-Daten erstellt. Analyse der Deformität anhand der Gegenseite im 3‑D-Computermodell (CASPA) und Planung der Osteotomie. Falls die Gegenseite eine Fehlstellung zeigt, kann ein statistisches Modell benutzt werden. Drucken der patientenspezifischen Schnittblöcke aus Nylon (PA2200) für die Osteotomie und Reposition. Die Operation erfolgt in Rückenlagerung, Antibiotikaprophylaxe präoperativ, Oberschenkelblutsperre, welche bei Bedarf aktiviert wird. Ventrolateraler Zugang zur Tibia. Anbringen des patientenspezifischen Schnittblocks, Durchführung der Osteotomie. Reposition über den Repositionsblock und Fixieren mittels medialer Platte. Falls die Fibula die Reposition behindert, erfolgt eine Fibulaosteotomie in der Regel über einen separaten lateralen Zugang. Je nach Präferenz des Operateurs kann diese ebenfalls mit patientenspezifischen Schnittblöcken erfolgen. Verschluss der Wunde.

Postoperatives Management

Kompartmentüberwachung. Passive Mobilisation des oberen Sprunggelenks aus dem Gips, sobald die Wundheilung fortgeschritten ist. Teilbelastung im abnehmbaren Unterschenkelgips für mindestens 6 bis 12 Wochen, abhängig von der routinemäßig durchgeführten Röntgenkontrolle 6 Wochen postoperativ. Bis zur Gipsabnahme Thromboseprophylaxe mittels niedermolekularen Heparins.

Ergebnisse

Die patientenspezifische Korrektur der Fehlheilung ermöglicht im Allgemeinen eine gute Korrektur. Für die distalen Korrekturen der Tibia wurden gute Ergebnisse erzielt. Für die Korrektur von Tibiaschaftdeformitäten sind die endgültigen Ergebnisse noch ausstehend. Vorläufige Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute Machbarkeit mit einer Pseudarthrosenrate von 10 % ohne postoperative Infekte.
Predation of baitfishes associated with whale sharks at Ningaloo Reef
Authors: Barry Christine , Gleiss Adrian C. , Ferreira Luciana C. , Thums Michele , Davis Randall W. , Fuiman Lee A. , Roche Naomi R. , Meekan Mark G.
Published: September 2023

Baitfishes may aggregate around megafauna such as whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) to gain protection from larger predatory fishes. Here, we used videos from deployments of animal-borne cameras on whale sharks and provided by tourism operators at Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia to document large schools of trevally (Carangidae spp.) consuming entire schools of baitfishes (Carangidae spp.) swimming with whale sharks within 2–45 s. These videos showed that small baitfishes are still very vulnerable to predatory fishes when accompanying whale sharks, refuting the hypothesis that whale sharks provide baitfishes shelter from predators. It thus seems more likely that the association between whale sharks and baitfishes may confer other advantages such as reduced costs of locomotion and/or enhanced feeding opportunities for baitfishes rather than protection from predation.
Physical exercise as a treatment for persisting symptoms post-COVID infection: review of ongoing studies and prospective randomized controlled training study
Authors: Kogel Alexander , Machatschek Moritz , Scharschmidt Ronja , Wollny Carolin , Lordick Florian , Ghanem Mohamed , Laufs Ulrich , Fikenzer Sven
Published: September 2023

Background and purpose

No evidence-based treatment is available for patients with persisting symptoms post-COVID-19 infection. We hypothesized that physical exercise may represent a safe and effective treatment option for post-COVID.

Methods

We performed a systematic search of the literature that revealed a lack of randomized training studies in patients post-COVID. Based on these findings, a prospective randomized controlled study with open-label and blinded endpoint evaluation was designed. 272 patients with symptoms of fatigue persisting over 6 weeks post-COVID infection were screened. Patients with pathological cardiovascular findings were excluded. 57 patients consented and were randomized to 4 weeks of supervised personalized strength and endurance training or usual care. The follow-up period was 3 and 6 months.

Results

There were no adverse events related to the training. Spiroergometry of the training group showed a significantly higher increase in VO2peak (10.0 ± 12.7% vs. 0.1 ± 8.9%, p < 0.01, respectively) and oxygen pulse (9.8 ± 10.8% vs. 0.0 ± 13.9%, p < 0.05, respectively). Parameters of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20, McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Post-COVID-19 Functional Status were improved after 4 weeks in both groups. In the follow-up period, the total physical activity per week was significantly greater in the exercise group than in controls (1280 ± 1192 min vs. 644 ± 554 min, p < 0.05, respectively). The improvements in fatigue and quality of life were not statistically different between the training and usual care groups.

Conclusion

Exercise is safe and improves maximal exercise capacity in post-COVID patients. Fatigue and quality of life improve over time in individuals that are willing to participate in a training study irrespective of their allocation.

Registration

German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00026686. Date of registration: 27.09.2021.

Graphical abstract
Patients’ experiences of a suppoRted self-manAGeMent pAThway In breast Cancer (PRAGMATIC): quality of life and service use results
Authors: Jenkins V , Matthews L , Solis-Trapala I , Gage H , May S , Williams P , Bloomfield D , Zammit C , Elwell-Sutton D , Betal D , Finlay J , Nicholson K , Kothari M , Santos R , Stewart E , Bell S , McKinna F , Teoh M
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To describe trends and explore factors associated with quality of life (QoL) and psychological morbidity and assess breast cancer (BC) health service use over a 12-month period for patients joining the supported self-management (SSM)/patient-initiated follow-up (PIFU) pathway.

Methods

Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months that measured QoL (FACT-B, EQ 5D-5L), self-efficacy (GSE), psychological morbidity (GHQ-12), roles and responsibilities (PRRS) and service use (cost diary).

Results

99/110 patients completed all timepoints; 32% (35/110) had received chemotherapy. The chemotherapy group had poorer QoL; FACT-B total score mean differences were 8.53 (95% CI: 3.42 to 13.64), 5.38 (95% CI: 0.17 to 10.58) and 8.00 (95% CI: 2.76 to 13.24) at 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. The odds of psychological morbidity (GHQ12 >4) were 5.5-fold greater for those treated with chemotherapy. Financial and caring burdens (PRRS) were worse for this group (mean difference in change at 9 months 3.25 (95% CI: 0.42 to 6.07)). GSE and GHQ-12 scores impacted FACT-B total scores, indicating QoL decline for those with high baseline psychological morbidity. Chemotherapy patients or those with high psychological morbidity or were unable to carry out normal activities had the highest service costs. Over the 12 months, 68.2% participants phoned/emailed breast care nurses, and 53.3% visited a hospital breast clinician.

Conclusion

The data suggest that chemotherapy patients and/or those with heightened psychological morbidity might benefit from closer monitoring and/or supportive interventions whilst on the SSM/PIFU pathway. Reduced access due to COVID-19 could have affected service use.
Tibialis posterior tendon entrapment in posterior malleolar and pilon injuries of the ankle: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Aamir Junaid , Syziu Anxhela , Andritsos Loukas , Caldwell Robyn , Mason Lyndon
Published: September 2023

Background

The Tibialis Posterior tendon (TPT) is the only tendon to encounter the distal tibia and is therefore at greatest risk of injury in fractures of the distal tibia. Although TPT injury has been reported rarely with injuries around the ankle, they often have been missed and present late.

Aim

Our aim was to analyse the rate to TPT entrapment in fractures involving the posterior tibia, i.e. Pilon (PLM) and posterior malleolar fractures (PMF).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of PMF and Pilon fractures over an 8-year period was undertaken. Patients who had undergone surgical fixation of their PMF or PLM were identified from 2014 to 2022, using our prospectively collected database. Any fracture which had undergone a preoperative CT was included. Analysis of their pre-operative CT imaging was utilised to identify TPT entrapment, where if < 50% of the tendon cross section was present in the fracture site, this was denoted as a minor entrapment and if ≥ 50% of the tendon was present in the fracture site was denoted as major.

Results

A total of 363 patients were identified for further analysis, 220 who had a PMF and 143 with PLM injury. The incidence of TPT entrapment was 22% (n = 79) with 64 minor and 15 major entrapments. If the fracture line entered the TPT sheath, there was a 45% rate (72/172) of entrapment as compared to 3.7% (7/190) in fractures not entering the sheath (p < .001). There was no significant difference in TPT entrapment in PMF as compared to PML (p = 0.353).

Conclusion

In our assessment, we found significant prevalence of 22% of TPT entrapment in fractures involving the posterior tibia. PMF and PLF had no statistically significant difference in the rate of TPT entrapment. Additionally, we found that there was a significant risk of TPT entrapment when the CT images display the fracture line entering the tendon sheath. We recommend that surgeons consider taking care assessing pre-operative imaging to seek to identify the TPT and to assess intraoperatively where entrapment does occur.
Okuläre Nebenwirkungen von Dupilumab – Übersichtsarbeit und Therapieempfehlung der „Kommission für Trockenes Auge und Oberflächenerkrankungen“ der Österreichischen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft (ÖOG)
Authors: Woltsche Nora , Aschauer Julia , Boldin Ingrid , Garhöfer Gerhard , Kaya-Reindl Semira , Moussa Sarah , Nepp Johannes , Palkovits Stefan , Wimmer-Orlowski Eva , Horwath-Winter Jutta
Published: September 2023

Dupilumab (Dupixent®, Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals), ein humaner monoklonaler Antikörper gegen die IL-4-Rezeptor-α-Untereinheit von IL‑4 und IL-13, ist mittlerweile zur Therapie der atopischen Dermatitis ab dem 6. Lebensmonat zugelassen. In Real-World-Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass in bis zu 62 % aller mit Dupilumab behandelten Patient*innen mit atopischer Dermatitis Nebenwirkungen im Sinne von Augenoberflächenerkrankungen auftreten. In den meisten Fällen sind diese mild bis moderat ausgeprägt und präsentieren sich als (Blepharo‑)Konjunktivitiden oder superfizielle Keratitiden, welche mit ophthalmologischer Lokaltherapie ohne Reduktion bzw. Absetzen von Dupilumab zumeist suffizient in den Griff zu bekommen sind. Es gibt jedoch auch Einzelfälle von schwerwiegenden okulären Nebenwirkungen wie Vernarbungen an der Augenoberfläche oder an den Lidern sowie Hornhautulzera bis hin zur Hornhautperforation. Dieser Artikel soll wichtige Hintergrundinformationen zu den okulären Nebenwirkungen unter Dupilumab liefern und eine praxisrelevante Therapieempfehlung für Ophthalmolog*innen darstellen.
Do Lower Search Costs Benefit Intermediaries?
Authors: Li Muxin
Published: September 2023

Intermediaries—such as Amazon, Alibaba Group, and Walmart—play critical roles in digital markets: This paper proposes a model for analyzing how search cost affects their market outcomes. Distinguished from existing search literature, we introduce network effects to the market by allowing buyers to have positive preferences for product variety. In addition, we relax the exogenous demand and supply assumptions in the conventional search literature to study how search affects participation on both sides of the market. Through the model, we focus on studying and comparing two important types of intermediary: the two-sided platform; and the one-sided retailer. We find that reducing search costs does not necessarily increase the profit of both intermediary types. Furthermore, its influences are highly varied—depending on both the type of intermediary and its buyers’ preferences for variety.
Solar Energetic-Particle-Associated Coronal Mass Ejections Observed by the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory Mk3 and Mk4 Coronameters
Authors: Richardson I. G. , St. Cyr O. C. , Burkepile J. T. , Xie H. , Thompson B. J.
Published: September 2023

We report on the first comprehensive study of the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with $\sim 25\text{ MeV}$
∼
25
 MeV
solar energetic-proton (SEP) events in 1980 – 2013 observed in the low/inner corona by the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) Mk3 and Mk4 coronameters. Where possible, these observations are combined with space-based observations from the Solar Maximum Mission C/P, P78-1 SOLWIND, or SOHO/LASCO coronagraphs. The aim of the study is to understand directly measured (rather than inferred from proxies) CME motions in the low to midcorona and their association with SEP acceleration, and hence attempt to identify early signatures that are characteristic of SEP acceleration in ground-based CME observations that may be used to warn of impending SEP events. Although we find that SEP events are associated with CMEs that are on average faster and wider than typical CMEs observed by MLSO, a major challenge turns out to be determining reliable estimates of the CME dynamics in the low corona from the 3-min cadence Mk3/4 observations since different analysis techniques can produce inconsistent results. This complicates the assessment of what early information on a possible SEP event is available from these low-coronal observations.
Pharmacological characterization of P2Y receptor subtypes – an update
Authors: von Kügelgen Ivar
Published: September 2023

P2Y receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for extracellular nucleotides. There are eight mammalian P2Y receptor subtypes (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14). The widely expressed P2Y receptors play important roles in physiology and pathophysiology. This review summarizes the use of pharmacological tools to characterize the P2Y receptor subtypes involved in these responses. MRS2500 is a potent and selective antagonist acting at the P2Y1 receptor. AR-C118925 is useful for the selective antagonism of the P2Y2 receptor. PSB16133 blocks the P2Y4 receptor, MRS2578 is an antagonist at the P2Y6 receptor and NF157 as well as NF340 block the P2Y11 receptor. ADP-induced platelet aggregation is mediated by P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors. A number of compounds or their active metabolites reduce ADP-induced platelet aggregation by blocking the P2Y12 receptor. These include the active metabolites of the thienopyridine compounds clopidogrel and prasugrel, the nucleoside analogue ticagrelor and the nucleotide analogue cangrelor. PSB0739 is also a potent antagonist at the P2Y12 receptor useful for both in vitro and in vivo studies. MRS2211 and MRS2603 inhibit P2Y13 mediated responses. PPTN is a very potent antagonist at the P2Y14 receptor.
Geroprotective interventions converge on gene expression programs of reduced inflammation and restored fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Landsberger Tomer , Amit Ido , Alon Uri
Published: September 2023

Understanding the mechanisms of geroprotective interventions is central to aging research. We compare four prominent interventions: senolysis, caloric restriction, in vivo partial reprogramming, and heterochronic parabiosis. Using published mice transcriptomic data, we juxtapose these interventions against normal aging. We find a gene expression program common to all four interventions, in which inflammation is reduced and several metabolic processes, especially fatty acid metabolism, are increased. Normal aging exhibits the inverse of this signature across multiple organs and tissues. A similar inverse signature arises in three chronic inflammation disease models in a non-aging context, suggesting that the shift in metabolism occurs downstream of inflammation. Chronic inflammation is also shown to accelerate transcriptomic age. We conclude that a core mechanism of geroprotective interventions acts through the reduction of inflammation with downstream effects that restore fatty acid metabolism. This supports the notion of directly targeting genes associated with these pathways to mitigate age-related deterioration.
Allah, Bread, Freedom: Turkey’s Muslim others and transnational mosques in Europe
Authors: Kurt Mashuq
Published: September 2023

Scholarship on political Islam has often addressed settings where Islamist movements and political parties operate as anti-colonial and oppositional entities. On the other hand, this article focuses on a less explored aspect of Islamist governmentalities in a case when Islamism becomes a part of the governing canon and rules over its Muslim others. I investigate situations where Islamist politics incorporates neo-imperial, nationalist, and colonial practices in creating a desired Muslim ummah at home and abroad. I explore marginalized critical discourses and praxes within this imagined Muslim ummah in Turkey and examine its transnational reverberations among the Kurdish and Turkish communities and mosques in Europe. In other words, I examine the dialectical relation between the formation of the Turkish Islamist canon and its non-Western critiques that comes from within and the margins through protests and critiques of Anti-capitalist Muslims in Turkey; examples of Civil Friday prayers (Sivil Cuma namazları) of the Kurdish imams; and the reconfiguration of Kurdish mosques of liberation in Europe. In doing so, I present how religious practices and discourses are instrumentalized for Islamist colonial governmentalities on the one hand but also serve as a decolonial critique to deconstruct contemporary Muslimness and open room for a plurality of Muslim perspectives excluded from the overly militarized and nationalist rhetoric espoused in Turkish Islamist discourses and practices.
Die MotOr-Skala: ein Kurzfragebogen zur Erfassung von Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und Enthusiasmus als Teilaspekte motivationaler Orientierungen von Lehrkräften in den Naturwissenschaften
Authors: Milius Marvin , Lopper Elisa , Hoppe Annekatrin , Upmeier zu Belzen Annette , Nitz Sandra
Published: September 2023

Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und Lehrkräfteenthusiasmus als Teilaspekte motivationaler Orientierung einer Lehrkraft sind von Bedeutung für die Unterrichtsqualität, die Lernleistung der Schüler:innen sowie für arbeitsbezogene Merkmale der Lehrperson wie Jobzufriedenheit oder Stressempfinden. Im Beitrag wird ein Kurzfragebogen zur Erfassung der motivationalen Orientierungen (MotOr-Skala) im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht präsentiert, der eine adaptierte und zeitökonomische Version bereits validierter Messinstrumente darstellt. Die MotOr-Skala wurde ausgehend von Langskalen entwickelt und bildet die Subskalen ‚allgemeine Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung‘, ‚domänenspezifische Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung‘, ‚Fachenthusiasmus‘ und ‚Unterrichtsenthusiasmus‘ mit jeweils drei Items ab. Das Messinstrument wurde durch eine konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse mit Daten von 152 Biologielehrkräften validiert. Die Prüfung der internen Konsistenzen sowie die Itemanalysen zeigen hinreichende und reliable Werte. Positive Korrelationen der MotOr-Skala mit der durch die Lehrkräfte selbsteingeschätzten Unterrichtsqualität geben Hinweise für die Kriteriumsvalidität der Skala. Inhaltliche Validität wurde durch ein Rating von elf Expert:innen festgestellt. Damit liegt ein Kurzfragebogen zur validen Erfassung der motivationalen Orientierungen bei Lehrkräften für die naturwissenschaftlichen Fächer vor, der zeitökonomisch einsetzbar ist.