bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cierre de minas y abandono de sitios mineros en México: ¿un proceso “normal”? Referencias al norte de México
Authors: Silva Ontiveros Leticia Odeth , Sánchez Salazar María Teresa
Published: December 2021

En el reconocimiento de paisajes en donde se desarrollaron actividades mineras en épocas pasadas, se observan lugares deshabitados, en situación de ruinas o con historias que no terminamos de comprender sobre su abandono o su condición actual. Este desconocimiento se generaliza a tal grado, que en estos “pueblos fantasma” pasan inadvertidas las causas que llevaron a tal desatención de llevar a cabo acciones sociales, económicas, ambientales, que habrían brindado opciones a los habitantes para continuar con la vida en estos sitios. A pesar de tener una larga historia minera y de contar con abundantes casos de abandono de sitios mineros, México no ha impulsado una propuesta clara de política sobre cierre de actividades mineras, lo que vuelve necesario revisar las actuaciones en este campo, siendo el principal obstáculo, el hecho de que el abandono de sitios mineros es considerado como una condición “normal”, inmanente de la minería. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer, por medio de la experiencia de académicos, funcionarios y prácticas empresariales, la manera en que se lleva a cabo el proceso de cierre de actividades mineras en el caso mexicano, ejemplificado en algunos casos del norte de México. Como hallazgos se identificaron distintos manejos de lo que podría considerarse como una situación de cierre de mina, aun cuando las inconsistencias y las contradicciones en la información dada a conocer sean el común denominador. Finalmente, se concluye con una reflexión sobre la inexistencia de una planeación del cierre de minas en México, lo que perpetúa la carencia de regulación al respecto y deja a su suerte la supervivencia de los sitios donde las actividades mineras concluyeron.
The Dying Home: “Bad Deaths” and Spatial Inscriptions of Mourning in a Favela
Authors: Motta Eugênia
Published: December 2021

In Rio de Janeiro’s favelas, where residents have experienced economic precarity and racialized police violence, “good deaths,” wrought by natural causes and at old age, are distinguished from “bad deaths,” which may take victims’ entire families and houses. This essay chronicles the story of Maria who died at fifty-two, following the death of her youngest son at the hands of the police, and inquires into the generativity of mourning related to these two bad deaths. As graffiti and altars became spatial inscriptions of a new moralization of space, Maria’s house gradually transformed from a substrate of life into a marker of death. In the end, the home died too, as it was sold and its attendant social relations were unmade. Bad deaths thus reveal the moral entanglement between families, communities, and the materiality of houses, as well as the severance of these ties in the face of violence and intergenerational loss.

Resumo

Nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro, onde os moradores convivem com a precariedade econômica e a violência policial racializada, as “boas mortes”, de causas naturais e em idade avançada, diferem das “mortes ruins”, que podem atingir a família das vítimas e as próprias casas. Este ensaio conta a história de Maria, que morreu aos 52 anos, depois do assassinato de seu filho caçula pela polícia, e analisa como o luto dessas duas “mortes ruins” se perpetua. Assim como grafittis e altares se tornam inscrições de uma nova moralização do espaço, a casa de Maria foi se transformando de um substrato de vida em um signo de morte. Afinal, a casa também morre e suas relações sociais são desfeitas. “Mortes ruins” revelam articulações entre famílias, comunidades e a materialidade das casas, assim como o rompimento desses laços frente à violência e às perdas intergeracionais.

Resumen

En las favelas de Río de Janeiro, donde las personas conviven con la precariedad económica y con la violencia policial racializada, las “muertes buenas” de causas naturales y en edad avanzada, se diferencían de las “muertes malas” que pueden golpear a las familias de las víctimas y a los propios hogares. Este ensayo cuenta la historia de María, que murió a los 52 años después de que su hijo menor fuera asesinado por la policía, y examina cómo se perpetúa el luto de estas dos “muertes malas”. Al igual que los grafitis y los altares, que se convierten en inscripciones de una nueva moralización del espacio, la casa de María pasa de ser un sustrato de vida a un signo de muerte. Al fin y al cabo, la casa también murió y sus relaciones sociales se deshicieron. Las “muertes malas” revelan articulaciones entre las familias, las comunidades y la materialidad de las casas, así como la ruptura de estos vínculos ante la violencia y las pérdidas intergeneracionales.
Ghostbusters: Using Learning Analytics and Early Assessment Design to identify and support ghost students
Authors: Linden Kelly , Van Der Ploeg Neil , Hicks Ben
Published: December 2021

Ghosting is a student behaviour characterised by enrolling in a subject but never participating. Hence, a ghost student who remains enrolled receives a zero-fail grade. From 2022, the Job ready Graduates Package will require that only genuine students have access to Commonwealth assistance at Australian Universities and an institution may need to refund the fees of what are referred to as non-genuine students. In 2019 and 2020, 382 first-year subjects were monitored to identify disengaged students in weeks 3 and 4 of the session using learning analytics and nonsubmission of an early assessment item. Disengaged students were contacted via phone and 2-way SMS and offered timely and targeted support pre census. The total number of domestic undergraduate students receiving a zero fail has decreased during this time. To further reduce the number of ghost students, once identified as disengaged, an engagement should be mandatory to remain in the subject.
Design and development of a large Business School core interdisciplinary unit to foster blended learning during the pandemic
Authors: Razeed Abdul , Werkhoven Thea
Published: December 2021

The paper provides a process and design overview of a large Master of Commerce unit (from hereon referred to as 'The Unit') at a University in Australia. The skills flowing from a creative and analytical mindset have been noted as crucial in the future. The Unit develops these two mindsets as complimentary by taking a multidisciplinary approach to curriculum design. By outlining the theoretical frameworks applied in the curriculum design and development and the approaches to teaching and learning, especially during the Pandemic, it is hoped that other academics and learning design teams will be able to draw inspiration that they can apply to their contexts. It is possible that the challenges that have arisen during this process may be applicable and have been experienced by other teaching teams in higher education institutions and certainly during the emergence of online learning during the Pandemic. This paper first discusses the approach we took in the curriculum design, informed by the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) Principles and Biggs' 3P's model of teaching and learning. The paper then focuses on design principles utilised to create the online learning management system for students.
Witkacy, Cocteau i inni. Amatorskie filmy Augusta Zamoyskiego
Authors: Hendrykowski Marek
Published: December 2021

The article analyses the contents of a collection of more than one hundred amateur films made by the famed Polish sculptor August Zamoyski. This unique collection of 9.5 mm films of great archival value was recently transferred to Poland and is now held by the National Audiovisual Institute.
User Preferences for an mHealth Approach to Support HIV Self-Testing and Linkage to HIV Prevention or Care Services for MSM in China
Authors: Lu Xiaoyan , Gao Pan , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Xia , Zhao Xiuping , He Qinying , Zhang Hongbo , Wang Jun , Sun Yehuan , Liu Tao , Sun Shufang , Yang Cui , Zaller Nickolas , Zhang Zhihua , Operario Don
Published: December 2021

This research qualitatively explored user preferences for an app-based mHealth approach to support HIV self-testing and linkage to HIV prevention or care services developed for men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. We conducted 12 online focus group discussions with MSM participants (N = 48) about their preferences for using an app to meet their HIV self-testing and service linkage needs. Data were examined using thematic analysis. Participants specified four domains to align program delivery with their preferences for app-based intervention: (1) expanding HIV prevention/antiretroviral therapy concepts beyond basic knowledge; (2) enhancing the style and presentation of app-based messages; (3) incorporating interactive and dynamic app-engagement features; and (4) creating a “one station” app that covers the continuum of HIV services. Given the changing landscapes of HIV knowledge and community/user preferences for app-based interaction, findings underscore how engagement with end-user participants is essential to optimize mHealth interventions for HIV.
Neoliberal Approaches in the Model of European Economic Integration
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kondratieva Natalia
Published: December 2021

A feature of the first decade of the XXI century was the shift of the EU from the second to the third position in the competition of global geographical centers of power; the beginning of the third decade was marked by the withdrawal of the UK from the EU. Despite many external and internal challenges, the EU remains committed to its chosen economic model and its unique asset, the Single internal market. The article focuses on the following questions. Why did the neoliberal ideas embodied in the creation of a model for the integration of national markets receive support in Europe in the middle of the XX century? How has neoliberalism strengthened over time? Does the process of developing a common economic policy and expanding the EU's powers run counter to the development of a neoliberal idea? What alternative models compete with the European neoliberal model? How stable is the neoliberal idea in the EU? The subject of the study is the growth of supranational economic regulation in the EU. Using general scientific methods, historical, comparative analysis and abstraction, a schematic representation of the classical market model and the EU model (European model) is given, with the designation of common and special reference elements that ensure economic efficiency. The author describes the three stages of the formation of the European model. It is concluded that the EU's regulatory activities are neoliberal in nature. It is aimed at using market leverage, and the model itself retains a margin of stability. The author argues that the current stage started in 2000 is a stage of a smart neoliberal model formation.
Real-Time MRI Reveals Unique Insight into the Full Kinematics of Eye Movements
Authors: Kirchner Johannes , Watson Tamara , Lappe Markus
Published: December 2021

Our eyes are constantly in motion and the various kinds of eye movements are closely linked to many aspects of human cognitive processing. Measuring all possible eye movements unobtrusively is not achievable with current methods. Video-based eye-trackers only measure rotational but not translational motion of the eye, require a calibration process relying on the participant’s self-report of accurate fixation, and do not work if vision of the eyeball is blocked. Scleral search coils attach physical weight on the eyeball and also do not measure translation. Here, we describe a novel and fully automated method to use real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for eye tracking. We achieved a temporal resolution sufficient to measure eye rotations and translations as short as those that occur within a blink and behind a closed eyelid. To demonstrate this method, we measured the full extent of the blink-related eye movement for two individuals, suggesting that the eye approaches a holding position during lid closure and can move by as much as 35° in rotation and 2 mm in translation. We also investigated the coordination of gaze shifts with blinks. We found that the gaze shift is tightly coupled in time to the translational blink movement and that blinks can induce significant temporal shifts of the gaze trajectory between left and right eye. Our MR-based Eye Tracking (MREyeTrack) method allows measurement of eye movements in terms of both translation and rotation and enables new opportunities for studying ocular motility and its disorders.
GCH1 Deficiency Activates Brain Innate Immune Response and Impairs Tyrosine Hydroxylase Homeostasis
Authors: Larbalestier Hannah , Keatinge Marcus , Watson Lisa , White Emma , Gowda Siri , Wei Wenbin , Koler Katjusa , Semenova Svetlana A. , Elkin Adam M. , Rimmer Neal , Sweeney Sean T. , Mazzolini Julie , Sieger Dirk , Hide Winston , McDearmid Jonathan , Panula Pertti , MacDonald Ryan B. , Bandmann Oliver
Published: December 2021

The Parkinson's disease (PD) risk gene GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, an essential cofactor in the synthesis of monoaminergic neurotransmitters. To investigate the mechanisms by which GCH1 deficiency may contribute to PD, we generated a loss of function zebrafishgch1mutant (gch1–/–), using CRISPR/Cas technology.gch1–/–zebrafish develop marked monoaminergic neurotransmitter deficiencies by 5 d postfertilization (dpf), movement deficits by 8 dpf and lethality by 12 dpf. Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) protein levels were markedly reduced without loss of ascending dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. L-DOPA treatment ofgch1–/–larvae improved survival without ameliorating the motor phenotype. RNAseq ofgch1–/–larval brain tissue identified highly upregulated transcripts involved in innate immune response. Subsequent experiments provided morphologic and functional evidence of microglial activation ingch1–/–. The results of our study suggest that GCH1 deficiency may unmask early, subclinical parkinsonism and only indirectly contribute to neuronal cell death via immune-mediated mechanisms. Our work highlights the importance of functional validation for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) risk factors and further emphasizes the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of PD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGenome-wide association studies have now identified at least 90 genetic risk factors for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). Zebrafish are an ideal tool to determine the mechanistic role of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) risk genes in a vertebrate animal model. The discovery of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) as a genetic risk factor for PD was counterintuitive, GCH1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine (DA), mutations had previously been described in the non-neurodegenerative movement disorder dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Rather than causing DAergic cell death (as previously hypothesized by others), we now demonstrate that GCH1 impairs tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) homeostasis and activates innate immune mechanisms in the brain and provide evidence of microglial activation and phagocytic activity.
Taste Bud Connectome: Implications for Taste Information Processing
Authors: Wilson Courtney E. , Lasher Robert S. , Yang Ruibiao , Dzowo Yannick , Kinnamon John C. , Finger Thomas E.
Published: December 2021

Taste buds contain multiple cell types, two of which mediate transduction of specific taste qualities: Type III cells transduce sour while Type II cells transduce either sweet, or bitter or umami. In order to discern the degree of interaction between different cell types and specificity of connectivity with the afferent nerve fibers (NFs), we employed serial blockface scanning electron microscopy (sbfSEM) through five circumvallate mouse taste buds. Points of contact between Type II and Type III cells are rare and lack morphologically identifiable synapses, suggesting that interaction between these cell types does not occur via synapses. Of the 127 NFs that make synaptic contacts with taste cells in the sampling volume, ∼70% (n= 91) synapse with only one taste cell while 32 fibers synapse exclusively with multiple Type II cells or multiple Type III cells. Our data do not rule out multimodal fibers innervating Type II cells of separate taste qualities. Notably, four fibers (∼3%) synapse with both Type II and Type III cells, forming both mitochondrial and vesicular synapses on the different cell types. Since Type II and Type III cells transduce different taste qualities, these dual connected fibers are not consistent with a absolute labeled-line encoding system. Further, our data reveal considerable variation in both the number of synapses per cell/nerve pair and the number of innervating NFs per taste cell, both of which likely have consequences for encoding taste quality and concentration. Finally, we identify a subset of Type II cells which may represent an immature stage.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTaste buds, the sensory end organs for the sense of taste, contain multiple types of sensory cells, with each responding to one of the primary tastes: salt, sweet, sour, bitter, and umami. In order to determine the degree of interaction between cell types and specificity of connectivity to afferent nerves, we employed serial blockface electron microscopy (EM) of mouse circumvallate taste buds. We find no synapses between cell types within the taste bud suggesting that any interactions are indirect. While the majority of nerve fibers (NFs) connect to a single type of taste cell, 3.1% of the fibers branch to receive input from taste cells of different specificities. Thus, taste cannot entirely be carried along NFs dedicated to single taste qualities.
Complexes of Ghrelin GHS-R1a, GHS-R1b, and Dopamine D1Receptors Localized in the Ventral Tegmental Area as Main Mediators of the Dopaminergic Effects of Ghrelin
Authors: Navarro Gemma , Rea William , Quiroz César , Moreno Estefanía , Gomez Devan , Wenthur Cody J. , Casadó Vicent , Leggio Lorenzo , Hearing Matthew C. , Ferré Sergi
Published: December 2021

Ghrelin receptor, also known as growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a), is coexpressed with its truncated isoform GHS-R1b, which does not bind ghrelin or signal, but oligomerizes with GHS-R1a, exerting a complex modulatory role that depends on its relative expression. D1dopamine receptor (D1R) and D5R constitute the two D1-like receptor subtypes. Previous studies showed that GHS-R1b also facilitates oligomerization of GHS-R1a with D1R, conferring GHS-R1a distinctive pharmacological properties. Those include a switch in the preferred coupling of GHS-R1a from Gq to Gs and the ability of D1R/D5R agonists and antagonists to counteract GHS-R1a signaling. Activation of ghrelin receptors localized in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) seems to play a significant role in the contribution of ghrelin to motivated behavior. In view of the evidence indicating that dopaminergic cells of the VTA express ghrelin receptors and D5R, but not D1R, we investigated the possible existence of functional GHS-R1a:GHS-R1b:D5R oligomeric complexes in the VTA. GHS-R1a:GHS-R1b:D5R oligomers were first demonstrated in mammalian transfected cells, and their pharmacological properties were found to be different from those of GHS-R1a:GHS-R1b:D1R oligomers, including weak Gs coupling and the ability of D1R/D5R antagonists, but not agonists, to counteract the effects of ghrelin. However, analyzing the effect of ghrelin in the rodent VTA on MAPK activation withex vivoexperiments, on somatodendritic dopamine release within vivomicrodialysis and on the activation of dopaminergic cells with patch-clamp electrophysiology, provided evidence for a predominant role of GHS-R1a:GHS-R1b:D1R oligomers in the rodent VTA as main mediators of the dopaminergic effects of ghrelin.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe activation of ghrelin receptors localized in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays a significant role in the contribution of ghrelin to motivated behavior. We present evidence that indicates these receptors form part of oligomeric complexes that include the functional ghrelin receptor GHS-R1a, its truncated nonsignaling isoform GHS-R1b, and the dopamine D1receptor (D1R). The binding of ghrelin to these complexes promotes activation of the dopaminergic neurons of the VTA by activation of adenylyl cyclase–protein kinase A signaling, which can be counteracted by both GHS-R1a and D1R antagonists. Our study provides evidence for a predominant role of GHS-R1a:GHS-R1b:D1R oligomers in rodent VTA as main mediators of the dopaminergic effects of ghrelin.
Distinct Contribution of Granular and Agranular Subdivisions of the Retrosplenial Cortex to Remote Contextual Fear Memory Retrieval
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Chih , Yu Ting-Hsuan , Hung Yu-Chieh , Fong Lok-Ieng , Hsu Kuei-Sen
Published: December 2021

The retrieval of recent and remote memories are thought to rely on distinct brain circuits and mechanisms. The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is robustly activated during the retrieval of remotely acquired contextual fear memories (CFMs), but the contribution of particular subdivisions [granular (RSG) vs agranular retrosplenial area (RSA)] and the circuit mechanisms through which they interact to retrieve remote memories remain unexplored. In this study, using both anterograde and retrograde viral tracing approaches, we identified excitatory projections from layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the RSG to the CA1 stratum radiatum/lacunosum-moleculare of the dorsal hippocampus and the superficial layers of the RSA in male mice. We found that chemogenetic or optogenetic inhibition of the RSG-to-CA1, but not the RSG-to-RSA, pathway selectively impairs the retrieval of remote CFMs. Collectively, our results uncover a specific role for the RSG in remote CFM recall and provide circuit evidence that RSG-mediated remote CFM retrieval relies on direct RSG-to-CA1 connectivity. The present study provides a better understanding of brain circuit mechanisms underlying the retrieval of remote CFMs and may help guide the development of therapeutic strategies to attenuate remote traumatic memories that lead to mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe RSC is implicated in contextual information processing and remote recall. However, how different subdivisions of the RSC and circuit mechanisms through which they interact to underlie remote memory recall remain unexplored. This study shows that granular subdivision of the RSC and its input to hippocampal area CA1 contributes to the retrieval of remote contextual fear memories. Our results support the hypothesis that the RSC and hippocampus require each other to preserve fear memories and may provide a novel therapeutic avenue to attenuate remote traumatic memories in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Processes controlling aggregate formation and distribution during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom in Baffin Bay
Authors: Toullec Jordan , Moriceau Brivaëla , Vincent Dorothée , Guidi Lionel , Lafond Augustin , Babin Marcel
Published: December 2021

In the last decades, the Arctic Ocean has been affected by climate change, leading to alterations in the sea ice cover that influence the phytoplankton spring bloom, its associated food web, and therefore carbon sequestration. During the Green Edge 2016 expedition in the central Baffin Bay, the phytoplankton spring bloom and its development around the ice edge was followed along 7 transects from open water to the ice-pack interior. Here, we studied some of the processes driving phytoplankton aggregation, using aggregate and copepod distribution profiles obtained with an underwater vision profiler deployed at several stations along the transects. Our results revealed a sequential pattern during sea ice retreat in phytoplankton production and in aggregate production and distribution. First, under sea ice, phytoplankton started to grow, but aggregates were not formed. Second, after sea ice melting, phytoplankton (diatoms and Phaeocystis spp. as the dominant groups) benefited from the light availability and stratified environment to bloom, and aggregation began coincident with nutrient depletion at the surface. Third, maxima of phytoplankton aggregates deepened in the water column and phytoplankton cells at the surface began to degrade. At most stations, silicate limitation began first, triggering aggregation of the phytoplankton cells; nitrate limitation came later. Copepods followed aggregates at the end of the phytoplankton bloom, possibly because aggregates provided higher quality food than senescing phytoplankton cells at the surface. These observations suggest that aggregation is involved in 2 export pathways constituting the biological pump: the gravitational pathway through the sinking of aggregates and fecal pellets and the migration pathway when zooplankton follow aggregates during food foraging.
Obesity years: clinical variation by age pre/post biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch (BPD/DS)
Authors: Gott ML , Osterdahl PR , Perry LD , Slotman GJ
Published: December 2021

Objective: To identify clinical variation by age, pre/post BPD/DS. Methods: 1673 BPD/DS patients from the Surgical Review Corporation’s BOLD database were analyzed retrospectively by age: <30(177), 30-40(456), 40-50(486), 50-60(407), 60-70(138), >70(9). Data: Demographics, BMI and 33 obesity co-morbidities. Statistics: ANOVA and General Linear Models including pre- and post-operative data modified for binomial distribution of dichotomous variables. Results: Pre-op BMI varied inversely by age and continued through to 12 months post operatively. Gout varied directly and tobacco abuse inversely by age at baseline. The incidence of 12 of the 33 obesity-co-morbidities increased directly with age up to 12 months post operatively. In >60 patients, angina, MS pain, LEE and SUI increased from baseline after undergoing BPD/DS. Conclusion: Despite lower pre-operative and 12-month BMI in older BPD/DS patients, baseline co-morbidities varied directly with age, and post-operative resolution of 12 weight-related problems was inversely proportional to age. Only diabetes resolved better among older patients. These findings suggest the concept of “obesity years”, wherein patients carrying obesity the longest accumulate more co-morbidities and resolve them less.
Liver dynamics of HCV infection amongst patients aged 50 years or older visiting a larger tertiary care centre of Hyderabad, Pakistan
Authors: Jawaid Iqbal Jawaid Iqbal
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Usually chronic infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is asymptomatic until present as acute hepatitis, acute liver failure or development of cirrhosis with decompensation. New era of Direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) for HCV has evolved the treatment with good result and tolerability. Early diagnosis and treatment can halt the further disease progression. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, all the patients with HCV positive either acute or chronic hepatitis infection, cirrhoisis with or without decompensation , aged 50 year or above, of either gender, presenting in the outpatient department (OPD) were included. Results: A total of 281 patients were enrolled during the study period. Mean age of the study population was 56.91±7.21years (range: 50–90years) and majority were male (51.6%) and with Child class A 136 (48.4%) followed by child class B 96(34.2%). Majority of patients presented as decompensated cirrhosis and raised transamines 160 (56.9%). Most common complication was variceal bleed 95 (33.8%) followed by ascities 88 (31.3%), pedal edema24 (8.5%). More than half of the patients were not eligible for treatment. Correlation between age and gender with liver stage and comorbids was statically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: Late diagnosis present with complication with least options of treatment. Chronic hepatitis C is curable disease and should be diagnosed as early as possible. There should be screening at younger age.
Mandibular lateral incisors with vertucci type III root canal configuration- a case report
Authors: Kaur Brar Prabhleen , Brar Rajdeep , Gupta Saurabh , Singh Gambhir Ramandeep
Published: December 2021

Background: Variations in the external morphologic features of the teeth occur in individuals and so does the internal morphology of the crown and the root. Mandibular anteriors are known to have aberrant canals. Based on the possible branching of the root canal system, root canal configurations of permanent teeth were divided into eight different types by Vertucci. Aim: This paper presents a rare case of successful endodontic treatment of mandibular lateral incisors with Vertucci type III canal morphology. Methods: Conventional root canal treatment was done for the mandibular anterior teeth. Results: The treatment was successful and the patient was asymptomatic on follow up, suggesting that conventional methods for root canal treatment are sufficient if proper diagnosis of canal anatomy is done. Conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of adequate pre-operative radiograph evaluation to treat any mandibular anterior tooth with variable anatomy.
Knowledge and ability assessment of endodontists to prescribe and analyze cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Luiz de Carvalho Pedro , Naomi Seko Monica , Alves dos Santos Erick , Barbosa Freitas Larissa Victória , Soares Ramos Edson Marcos Leal , Souza de Assis Afonso Celso , Saito Kunihiro , de Medeiros João Marcelo Ferreira
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the prevalence of knowledge about cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) by endodontists from the Metropolitan Area of Belém, Pará, Brazil. Material and methods: 151 questionnaires were spread containing 32 questions, 15 closed questions, 4 open and 13 mixed. Questions 1 to17 dealt with questions such as age; gender; geographic location where endodontists' office operates; year of graduation degree and of specialization in endodontics; owned equipment and questions about the conventional radiology practice at dental office. Questions 18 to 32 were related to knowledge about the CBCT and only those who reported having knowledge answered the questions 19 onwards. Results: 81 questionnaires were analyzed. 48 endodontists (59%) had some knowledge about CBCT, but among them, 5 never requested until that occasion. Regarding the radiation level, 76.75% have not any information about. The treatment plan of 36 (83.72%) those who requested CBCT changed. Conclusion: The CBCT imaging is slowly becoming an essential modality of imaging in the clinical practice of endodontists from the Metropolitan Area of Belém, Para, Brazil.
REGARDING THE LEGAL NATURE OF THE COSTS ON UNACCOUNTED ELECTRICITY IN SPHERE OF ECONOMY
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Serebriakova Y.O. , Novoshytska V.I. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of the cost of unaccounted electricity, the calculation of which is a consequence of the commission of relevant offenses in sphere of economic activities. Attention is drawn to the problem of qualification of the cost of unaccounted electricity and the active dynamics of changing the positions of the judiciary on the issue, the lack of a common position on the legal nature of these losses. It is noted that economic courts do not make a legal assessment of such losses in the process of considering cases for cost recovery of unaccounted electricity or such an assessment is debatable. It is noted also that the cost of unaccounted electricity in law enforcement practice qualifies as operational-economic sanctions, and as losses, and as payment for the cost of electricity (a special form of liability). In this regard, the key aspects of the application of such forms of economic and legal liability as operational-economic sanctions and compensation for losses are analyzed, the features of contractual debt are determined. Arguments are given that exclude the possibility of recognizing the accrual of the cost of unaccounted electricity by operational-economic sanctions. It is proved that the cost of unaccounted electricity is not a payment for the supplied electricity, including debt. Based on the analysis of the relevant rules of economic legislation and special regulations governing relations in the electricity market, and according to scientific positions on forms of economic liability and judicial practice of recovery of unaccounted electricity, arguments are presented and it is substantiated that disputes on recovery of unaccounted electricity in the field of economic activities are disputes over the recovery of losses, and the value of unaccounted electricity in the field of economic activities by its legal nature are losses in the form of the value of lost property.
RESULTS OF THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES’ SURVEY ON THEIR IDENTIFICATION AND POSITIONING TO IMPROVE THE LIFE QUALITY OF POPULATION
Authors:   Luhansk branch of State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Sievierodonetsk, Ukraine, Zablodska I.V. , Hrechana S.I. ,   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The results of the territorial communities’ survey on their identification and positioning to improve the quality of life, which conducted among representatives of territorial communities of Luhansk and Donetsk regions located in the territories controlled by the Ukrainian government, were generalized. Its purpose was to determine the opinion of the respondents regarding the quality of life in the communi ties, their vision of the community uniqueness, as well as an idea of its image and positioning. Information collected on identifiers and signs of the communities’ attractiveness, the attitude of community residents to changes in the quality of life in the reform process, the desired directions for the future communities’ development, a vision of their positioning, the role of community branding and advertising. It was determined that the majority of the interviewed respondents positively assess the living environment of their communities, and not, however, associating changes for the better with decentralization. The subjective residents’ vision of their own community formed by the following main identifiers, such as the availability of administrative services, the condition of highways and sidewalks, infrastructure for recreation and leisure. The community attractiveness, according to the respondents, determined by the availability and level of administrative services, comfort of living and convenient transport location. The main obstacles for improving the quality of life, as well as the primary resources for its impro vement, are considered by the majority of respondents to be ineffective local authorities, as well as lack of initiative and activity of residents. More than 70% of respondents identified a negative impact on the development of the proximity of their community to the zone of armed conflict. The tendency of the respondents to focus more on problems than on the achievements of communities ascertained. In addition, trend of greater accentuation of respondents on the issues, as well as a certain indifference about the future of their community, in the process of determining the positioning of their own community and the vision of its image manifested most clearly in the number of uncertain options. It substantiates that the results obtained can be extrapolated to all communities in the region, and are the basis for optimizing the strategic planning process for the development of territorial communities, which will contribute to improving the life quality of population.
CREATION OF TERRITORIES OF PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT IN DONETSK AND LUHANSK REGIONS AS A WAY TO SOLVING SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Authors:   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Gostieva O.Yu.
Published: December 2021

The article indicates that the political and economic instability that resulted from the armed conflict and hostilities in eastern Ukraine led to the fact that Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, which were previously leaders among the regions of Ukraine in terms of socio-economic development, have become outsiders. The analysis of the socio-economic situation in the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions is carried out, on the basis of which the range of existing problems of these regions is highlighted, namely: loss of most of the industrial potential; drop in industrial production; reduction in gross product, exports; lack of jobs; backwardness, depression of the regions; reducing their investment attractiveness. It is noted that under such conditions, the priority task of the Government of Ukraine becomes search for effective legal and economic mechanisms for post-crisis recovery and development of these regions. It is argued that such a mechanism can be the provision of the status of priority development territories to Donetsk and Lugansk regions and introduction of a special regime for investment activities. This proposal will significantly contribute to the attraction of investments, the general recovery of the region’s economy and further development. The experience of these studies can also be applied in the restoration of territories where hostilities took place and the development of which requires additional stimulation in development.
ON THE SYSTEM OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR SECURING THE PROPERTY INTERESTS OF THE STATE, ECONOMIC ENTITIES AND CITIZENS
Authors:   Academician F.H. Burchak Scientific Research Institute of Private Law and Entrepreneurship, Kyiv, Ukraine, Derevyanko B.V.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to propose a system of quantitative and qualitative criteria for assessing the effectiveness of legal instruments to ensure the property interests of the state, businesses and citizens. Achieving the goals of the article is possible through the use of general research methods and special methods of studying legal phenomena and processes. Among others, methods of induction and deduction, historical and comparative law, modeling, abstraction and others were used, which allowed to analyze the processes of protection of property and property relations in the economy, social sphere, foreign economic activity and propose criteria for assessing the impact of a normative legal act (NLA) on these processes and relationships. The application of the above methods of scientific knowledge allowed to propose the following conditionally quantitative criteria: the number of changes and additions made to the NLA; the number of appeals to law enforcement and judicial bodies due to the threat to the property interests of the state, business entities or citizens; dynamics of the number of “raider” attacks on property of the state, business entities and citizens; the number of references to NLA in the scientific and special professional legal literature; the number of views and downloads of NLA on the Internet; the level of support for the NLA among lawmakers, government officials and the business elite and society at large; and the following conditionally qualitative criteria: the form and structure of the NLA, as well as the legal technique of setting out its provisions; the level of confidence of domestic and especially foreign investors; the NLA has pro visions on liability for damage to property and property rights with a mandatory relationship with the rules of criminal and administrative law; the degree of compliance of the Ukrainian NLA and the level of its implementation with European and world standards. It is concluded that the given non-exclusive list of 10 criteria, none of which can be considered absolutely objective, in its entirety can be recognized as a system, the complexity of which will bring the assessment of the effectiveness of legal interests of the state, businesses and citizens to objective.
MOBILITY OF URANIUM AND SATELLITE ELEMENTS IN URANUS ORBIT ALBITITES
Authors:   State Institution «The Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine», Fomin Yu. , Demikhov Yu. , Verkhovtsev V. , Borisova N.
Published: December 2021

The work considers the mobility series, the features of the hydrogenous mobilization of uranium and elements-satellites of the material complexes of the mineral-forming systems in the weathering crust of uranium-ore albitites of the Ukrainian Shield. Chemical elements that are companions of uranium can enter both concentrating minerals and ordinary rock-forming minerals containing these elements. The first include native metals – gold, bismuth, lead; sulfides: Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co; monazite, zircon. Examples of the second group of the minerals are feldspars with rubidium, strontium, lead; egirin, ribecite, sphen with vanadium. Samples of rocks to calculate the average content of chemical elements and their mobility were formed taking into account the composition of the rocks and the degree of weathering. Titanium, the least mobile element, was used as a conditionally stable element, for which, in fact, all calculations were performed. Approbation of the method at all levels, including the root base, disintegration zone, hydromica-kaolin and kaolin weathering crust, soil layer (B- and A-horizons) and scattering fluxes, showed quite satisfactory results. Wastes from the industrial development of uranium deposits of albite formation, that are (and will be) stored, being essentially a crushed mineral concentrate enriched in uranium and heavy metals, which in conditions of hypergenic processes conducive to oxidation and decomposition, undoubtedly pose a potential threat of environmental pollution . A significant part of uranium and related elements in all blocks of rocks that are subject to operational excavation can be classified as “mobile”, ie has a fairly high migration capacity. This form can be a source of contamination of groundwater and surface water, and soils. Calculations show that uranium in all areas of the weathering crust behaves as a mobile element, prone to scattering. The share of uranium removed from different zones is 25-42% (0.11-0.19 g/t), which in absolute terms is the maximum in the kaolin zone. The main role in the migration of radionuclides is played by water erosion under the influence of precipitation. Therefore, to reduce hydrogen pollution, it is necessary to provide underlayment of dumps with clay and carbonate rocks. To limit the impact of wind erosion, it is necessary to fill the dumps with a layer of inert soil.
Cooperative movement in the agricultural sector: retrospective, modernity, future
Authors:   State Institution ", Moldavan Lyubov ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: December 2021

The article deals with historical aspects of the cooperative development from primary local forms to national and supranational cooperative structures. The author substantiates differences between cooperative and commercial corporate vertically integrated organizational forms in assigning the final economic result. The main factors of longevity and viability of cooperative forms are identified and substantiated, which include the principles of economic democracy, transparency, and solidarity in cooperatives; the unity of interests of cooperative members as its owners and cooperative services customers; the ability of cooperatives to adapt to rapidly changing external conditions; the impact of cooperatives on price stabilization and food affordability, which characterizes them as both economic and socio-humanistic essence; and solid economic and social connection with communities. The objective conditionality of the state support has been proved for the development of the cooperative movement as a factor in preserving the farming type of economy, promoting the rural population, the development of the rural areas, and strengthening the country’s food sovereignty. The author proves the conformity of cooperative forms of economic activity organization to the principles of sustainable development, which provides them with demand in the future of the agricultural sector. Generalized foreign practice of forming a favorable institutional and legal environment for the cooperative development, their financial support at the formation stage, staffing, and informational and advisory support. The main causes of the slow revival of the cooperative movement in the domestic agricultural sector are explained, and guidelines and ways of their elimination are outlined. Among them, the author identifies as urgent the aligning of domestic cooperative legislation with Western European legal practice and the introduction of long-term state support programs for the development of cooperative movement in Ukraine’s agricultural sector.
Cambios climáticos proyectados de modelos CMIP5 en La Cruz, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Hidalgo Hugo-G. , Alfaro Eric-J. , Pérez-Briceño Paula-M.
Published: December 2021

Introducción: La Cruz está localizada en el noroeste de Costa Rica, y está caracterizada por una estación seca bien definida y un clima tropical seco. Este cantón en los últimos 45 años ha reportado impactos de eventos hidrometeorológicos, en particular los húmedos como las inundaciones que han afectado viviendas, calles y cultivos, pero también algunas sequías han perjudicado a la población y sus actividades.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este artículo es proveer información acerca de posibles cambios climáticos durante el siglo XXI asociados con un escenario pesimista de emisiones en el cantón de La Cruz en Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

Métodos: Se utilizó la base de datos DesInventar para identificar los impactos y agruparlos según su mes de ocurrencia para relacionarlo con el régimen de precipitación. Simulaciones cambiadas de escala del Proyecto de Intercomparación de Modelos Climáticos 5 (CMIP5) fueron estados para simular cambios pasados y futuros (1979-2099) en temperatura y precipitación. Adicionalmente, un modelo hidrológico fue usado para calcular las proyecciones de escorrentía usando los datos meteorológicos.

Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que un futuro más seco y caliente será característico del clima del siglo XXI, especialmente después del 2040. La escorrentía se espera que será reducida significativamente siguiendo las tendencias meteorológicas.

Conclusiones: Algunos de los impactos más recurrentes históricamente son las inundaciones, daños a viviendas, calles y cultivos, sin embargo, también se han registrado algunas muertes en la zona. Se espera que una aridez mayor estará presente en el futuro, afectando sistemas humanos y ambientales.