bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philosophical and methodological strategies for language learning: formalization and contextualization
Authors: Medvedev Nikolay V.
Published: November 2022

The study of language as a means of communication, storage and transmission of human experience has led to the formation of two different philosophical and methodological strategies in scientific cognition: one, based on the theory of sets, considers language from the point of view of its formal structure; the other, based on the theory of systems, interprets language as a carrier of information, as a sign information system. It is proved that these strategies of language research should be characterized not so much as competing, but as mutually complementing each other, helping to reveal the specifics of the linguistic phenomenon. The main thesis of the study is reduced to the statement that an utterance, before it becomes an integral component of social knowledge, must undergo a “filtration” procedure according to two different selection criteria. The first criterion is contextual, when understandable information is extracted from the content of the sentence. The second – logical – involves the “filtering” of true judgments based on formal requirements accepted in science. While the formal-logical strategy of language research is described in some detail in the scientific literature, a systematic approach to its study needs more thorough elaboration and practical coping. An example of the mentioned double filtering of a sentence, carried out on a logical and informational basis, can be the liar's paradox. Despite the fact that many experts perceive the liar's statement “I’m lying” as a logical paradox, however, it does not affect our understanding of natural language and its use for cognitive purposes. As a result of the conducted research, the interconnection of the processes of formalization and contextualization as two key philosophical and methodological approaches to the study of language is revealed.
Development of graphomotor skills in senior preschoolers: a neuropsychological aspect
Authors: Vorobyova Anastasia A. , Makarova Lyudmila N.
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study is to generalize the available interdisciplinary data on the formation of graphomotor skills in older preschoolers and use them as a basis for describing the process of forming graphomotor skills in left-handed children. The essence and structure of graphomotor skills as a component of written activity is considered. In the structure of writing, graphomotor skills represent the final link in writing activity and are associated with the drawing of graphic symbols. Based on neuropsychological data on interhemispheric asymmetry in children, the necessity of developing a graphomotor skill in older preschoolers is substantiated, taking into account the dominant profile of lateralization. We consider the provisions of the theory of the level organization of movements by N.A. Bernstein as a support in the development of a graphomotor skill. Noting the level nature of the organization of written activity, attention is focused on the role of gross motor skills, posture retention and other components of background levels, without which the very implementation of the graphic skill is difficult. A scheme is proposed that reflects the indicators of the formation of graphomotor skills in older preschoolers. The following components have the leading importance in it: general motor readiness, visual-object gnosis and visual-motor coordination, elementary graphic skill. The features of pedagogical work in the formation of graphomotor skills in left-handed children are described. The novelty of the study lies in modeling the system of work on the formation of this skill of written activity based on the theory of the level organization of movements by N.A. Bernstein. The proposed system model can be used to form graphic-motor skills in left-handed children, which reflects its practical significance.
Methodical model of teaching students of language specialties to a foreign language written speech utterance based on the method of mutual assessment
Authors: Kretov Denis V.
Published: November 2022

A model of the methodical system of teaching foreign language written speech utterance to students of language specialties based on the method of mutual assessment has been developed. The methodical system is understood as a set of hierarchically arranged key components of the language learning process. Structurally, the methodical system includes four parts: 1) goal setting, which includes the social order and the needs of students in mastering specific skills or competencies; 2) methodology, including the main pedagogical and methodical approaches, as well as the principles by which the approaches will be implemented in the learning process; 3) the content part, including the main teaching methods, forms, conditions, means and content of training; 4) the performance assessment part, which includes the results training and their evaluation. The methodical system is based on systematic, personality-oriented, activity-based and communicative-cognitive approaches. These approaches are implemented in practice through pedagogical and methodical principles. Such methodological principles of teaching students foreign language written utterance as the principle of functionality, the principle of speech orientation, the principle of novelty, the principle of interrelation of all types of real activity, the principle of step-by-step learning, the principle of combining communicative tasks and training exercises are presented and described in detail. The training is carried out on the basis of the method of mutual assessment and the communicative method of teaching. Also, at the procedural stages of training, students use training exercises to better master the material. The content of teaching written speech to students of a language university meets modern requirements for the level of language proficiency and the program requirements of the university. The teaching tools used include traditional means (Educational and Methodical Complexes in a foreign language) and innovative means (a closed group in the “VKontakte” social network operating on the principle of blog technology). All components of the methodological system are described in detail.
Monetary allowance of captured officers in Russia and Western countries in the 18th century
Authors: Poznakhirev Vitalii V.
Published: November 2022

The issues of monetary maintenance of captured officers in the wars of the 18th century have never and nowhere been the subject of special research before. Meanwhile, the study of these issues could contribute to the expansion of our knowledge about Russia’s place in the world in the early Modern period, as well as the establishment of previously unknown features of the country's development determined by Peter the Great’s transformations. The above indicates the relevance of this work and determines its purpose: to reconstruct and compare domestic and foreign practices of material support for enemy officers at the expense of the budget of the captive power throughout the 18th century. The methodological basis of the study consisted mainly of historical-comparative and historical-typological methods. We present a periodization of the evolution of the monetary allowance of prisoners in various countries. The distinctive features of each period are identified and systematized. It is established that in the 18th century in the West, the maintenance of enemy officers went from meeting the primary needs of only individuals from among those in special need, to the regular and unconditional issuance of a permanent monetary allowance equal to the minimum salary of servicemen of the same rank of their own army. It is proved that in the studied chronological framework of the Russian model of material support for captured officers was practically in no way inferior to the Western one and in some matters was ahead of it for decades.
Overcoming the consequences of the breakdown of the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire in railway transport in the early years of Soviet Russia
Authors: Petrykin Nikolay N.
Published: November 2022

We examine the problems that arose as a result of the activities of the young Soviet state in the first years of its formation after the liquidation of specialized law enforcement agencies operating at railway transport facilities in tsarist Russia – the gendarmerie railway police. It is shown that the scrapping of the old law enforcement system provoked irreversible processes that had a devastating impact on the state of public order and public safety at the country’s railway transport facilities. The Civil War worsened the state of public order and public safety on the railway lines. Rail transport was on the verge of collapse. Separated and deprived of a single control center, the transport was unable to provide the necessary level of capacity. The issues of public order protection and public safety, in this regard, were relegated to a secondary plan. The primary task of the Soviet government was to maintain control over railway transport, to ensure its carrying capacity. We analyze the social relations that developed in the early years of Soviet power on railway lines in the conditions of the vacuum of specialized units and organizations directly involved in the protection of public order and ensuring public safety on railway lines. We analyze the situation in which Russian railway transport found itself after October 1917 and the circumstances that led to the creation of Soviet law enforcement agencies on railway transport.
U.S. policy towards Israel in the context of the Israeli-Jordanian armed clashes (1954)
Authors: Ivanova Nadezhda A.
Published: November 2022

The U.S. policy towards Israel in 1954 is considered on the example of foreign policy decisions taken by the American side during the Israeli-Jordanian armed clashes. As part of the unresolved Arab-Israeli conflict, the U.S. administration considered the vector of establishing partnerships with Arab countries as one of the ways to counteract the expansion of Soviet influence in the region. When resolving the issue of the Israeli-Jordanian border conflicts, the U.S. resorted to a policy of maneuvering, trying to maintain a balanced interaction with each of the parties. Meanwhile, this did not improve relations with the Arab countries, which emphasized the ongoing U.S. financial and political assistance to Israel. There was also a cooling of relations with the Jewish state, whose government was concerned about the prevailing positive trends in relations between the Arab countries and the United States. It is concluded that by 1954 the U.S. policy towards Israel was still at the stage of its formation, which was reflected in the contradictory opinions within the U.S. administration itself when resolving issues related to the foreign policy strategy regarding the Jewish state, and manifested itself in the process of unsuccessful resolution of the Israeli-Jordanian conflict.
Konzeption, Durchführung und Auswertung eines Micro Learnings zur Förderung von Resilienz
Authors:   , Schütz Melissa
Published: November 2022

Diese Studie befasste sich mit der Evaluation eines Micro Learnings zur Resilienzförderung. Grundlage waren die sieben Säulen der Resilienz (Reivich & Shatté, 2002). Die Evaluation erfolgte durch ein randomisiertes Kontrollgruppendesign (N = 65). Die Kontrollgruppe (n = 31) erhielt ein Micro Learning zu Perfektionismus. Es wurden zu drei Messzeitpunkten Daten zu Resilienzwerten sowie Depressions-, Angst- und Stresswerte erhoben, wobei nur zwei der Messzeitpunkte inferenzstatistisch ausgewertet wurden. Zudem wurde untersucht, ob die Vorerfahrung mit E-Learning sowie die Onlinelernbereitschaft den Lernerfolg moderieren. Es zeigten sich signifikante Verbesserungen über die ganze Stichprobe hinweg für einen übergeordneten Resilienzfaktor sowie Optimismus, Wachstumsorientierung, Bestätigungsorientierung, Empathie, Kausalanalyse und externale Kontrollüberzeugung und geringere Depressions-, Angst- und Stresswerte. Es gab keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Trainings- und Kontrollgruppe. Zudem zeigte sich keine signifikante Moderation des Lernerfolgs durch die Vorerfahrung mit E-Learning und die Onlinelernerfahrung. Daraus lässt sich schließen, dass es durch dieses Micro Learning zwar zu Verbesserungen von Resilienzwerten kommt, aber diese nicht stärker als in einer aktiven Kontrollgruppe sind. Es gibt keinen Einfluss der Vorerfahrung mit E-Learning und der Onlinelernbereitschaft auf den Lernerfolg.
A práxis político-educativa nas ocupações secundaristas na região dos Campos Gerais – PR
Authors: Flach Simone de Fátima , Boutin Aldimara Catarina Brito Delabona
Published: November 2022

O tema deste artigo é a práxis político-educativa das ocupações secundaristas realizadas nos Campos Gerais, no Paraná (PR), em 2016. Sob a luz do materialismo histórico-dialético, a partir do levantamento bibliográfico sobre as ocupações de 2016 e da realização de entrevistas com jovens que participaram do processo, analisam-se as ocupações em escolas de Ponta Grossa e de Ventania, de modo a evidenciar as particularidades e os elementos comuns circunscritos às pautas políticas desenvolvidas pelos “ocupas”. As análises foram orientadas pela categoria teórica gramsciana “filosofia da práxis”. Ao final, indica-se que as ocupações se desenvolveram de modos distintos, evidenciaram a práxis político-educativa e foram norteadas por elementos comuns em defesa de direitos sociais fundamentais.
A UFPR no contexto da instituição do ensino superior no Brasil, a partir do século XX
Authors: Miguel Maria Elisabeth Blanck , Seabra Michelle Ariane de Lima , Silva Gabriel Fernandes da
Published: November 2022

Este artigo descreve a trajetória do ensino superior no Brasil, a partir do processo histórico paranaense, principalmente sob a perspectiva do surgimento da Universidade do Paraná, no início do século XX. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que adotou como referencial teórico Wachowicz (1983), para o estudo da retomada histórica da fundação da Universidade do Paraná, Almeida Junior (1953), Cunha (2007), Cury (2019), Miguel (2017) e Saviani (2011) para o exame da trajetória do ensino superior durante o século XX. Como objetivos, buscou-se levantar o histórico do ensino superior, segundo a experiência paranaense, assim como sistematizar a evolução deste ramo de ensino, durante o século XX, conforme a legislação nacional pertinente e o referencial teórico adotado neste estudo. Como resultado, identificou-se que o surgimento e consolidação da Universidade do Paraná foi devido ao desenvolvimento econômico regional, proporcionado pelo cultivo da erva-mate e da extração da madeira, aos desdobramentos da Reforma Rivadávia Corrêa e da Reforma Carlos Maximiliano e, principalmente, aos esforços dos seus fundadores Vitor Ferreira do Amaral e Nilo Cairo. Além disso, constatou-se que o movimento pela privatização do ensino superior, promovido pela Reforma Rivadávia Corrêa, prevaleceu ao longo do tempo, sendo reproduzido nas legislações que a sucedeu.
MINAT PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 1 DUSUN TENGAH KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH DALAM MENGIKUTI PEMBELAJARAN PJOK DALAM MASA PANDEMI COVID – 19
Authors: Kurniawan Sandy , Perdinanto Perdinanto , Basuki Sunarno
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini  ditujukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar minat PD kelas XI SMAN 1 Dusun Tengah Kab. Barito Timur Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah mengikuti pembelajaran PJOK dalam masa pandemic covid–19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik pengambilan data menggunakan angket/kuesioner. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif. Jumlah populasi 211 orang siswa siswi kelas XI SMANSA DUTA. Jumlah sampel 172 orang PD kelas XI SMANSA DUTA. Dengan teknik Proporsional Random Sampling. Kesimpulan penelitian ini minat PD kelas XI SMANSA DUTA Kab. Barito Timur dalam mengikuti pembelajaran PJOK di masa pandemi covid – 19 yang berkategori “sangat tinggi” pada 26 PD 15%, “tinggi” pada 2 PD atau 1%, “sedang” pada 3 PD 2%, “rendah” pada 2 PD 1%, “sangat rendah” pada 139 PD 81%. adalah pada kategori “sangat rendah”. Hasil akhir penelitian menunjukkan  tingkat minat peserta didik kelas XI SMANSA DUTA Kab. Barito Timur dalam mengikuti pembelajaran PJOK di masa pandemi covid – 19 Dengan pertimbangan frekuensi terbanyak berada di “sangat rendah” dengan 139 PD 81%.
PERAN PJOK TERHADAP PESERTA AKTIVITAS FISIK PESERTA DIDIK SMP NEGERI 3 MARTAPURA
Authors: Ardi Faisyal , Hamid Abdul , Dirgantoro Edwin Wahyu
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran PJOK terhadap aktivitas fisik siswa di SMP 3 Negeri Martapura. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada sampel 70 siswa terhadap 70 siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Negeri Martapura. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian tentang peran PJOK terhadap aktifitas fisik siswa di SMP Negeri 3 Martapura menunjukkan bahwa 1 siswa atau 1,4% memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah, 14 siswa atau 20% rata-rata aktifitas fisik sedang dan 55 siswa atau 78,6%. Itu menunjukkan memiliki aktifitas fisik sedang dan tinggi menjadi rata-rata kegiatan fisik peserta didik setiap harinya.
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PJOK DI SMPN 2 BANJARBARU
Authors: Maulana Irham , Nurdiansyah Nurdiansyah , Mashud Mashud
Published: November 2022

Pandemi covid-19 membuat kehidupan berubah 180 derajat, karena sebelum adanya pandemi aktivitas diluar rumah ataupun disekolah tidak ada batasan, Namun dengan kedatangan covid-19 yang umumnya melanda dunia terkhusus di Indonesia. Sektor pendidikan sangat merasakan dampak yang luarbiasa karena merubah pembelajaran yang awalnya tatap muka langsung turun ke sekolah kini berubah menjadi jarak jauh dengan menggunakan bantuan alat elektro berupa handphone atau semacamnya. Mengingat betapa pentingnya hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran pjok di masa pandemi covid-19 sekarang ini, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan data berupa nilai raport dan wawancara. Berpedoman pada hasil penelitian ini bisa dapatkan kesimpulan bahwa dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik mata pelajaran PJOK di SMPN 2 Banjarbaru melalui kajian nilai raport dan pendapat guru, menunjukkan adanya perbandingan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada nilai kognitif (pengetahuan) yang lebih besar dibandingkan nilai psikomotorik (keterampilan). Ketuntasan individual siswa yang mencapai nilai pengetahuan (kognitif) ≥76 sebanyak 192 siswa dari 196 jumlah siswa secara keseluruhan, dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 98%. Sedangkan ketuntasan individual siswa yang mencapai nilai keterampilan (psikomotorik) ≥76 hanya sebanyak 185 siswa dari 196 jumlah siswa secara keseluruhan, dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 94%.
Gestion des lagunes de la Réserve naturelle de la Baie de Somme
Authors: FAGOT Cédric , KRAEMER Philippe , VAUTIER Aliénor , TRIPLET Patrick
Published: November 2022

Les lagunes arrière-littorales de la plaine maritime picarde sont soit désormais isolées de la mer, soit reliées par un système de vannage qui fonctionne plus ou moins bien. Ceci ne leur permet plus de remplir leurs fonctions écologiques envers des espèces végétales comme la Ruppie maritime ou diverses espèces de limicoles comme l’Avocette. Tel est le cas des lagunes de la partie terrestre de la Réserve naturelle nationale de la Baie de Somme, plus connue sous le nom de Parc ornithologique du Marquenterre. Le nouveau plan de gestion vise à restaurer un fonctionnement approprié pour ces lagunes. Pour cela, des études sont menées, sur la bathymétrie, la qualité de l’eau, la faune benthique ainsi que sur les ouvrages hydrauliques et leurs modalités de gestion. Ce focus a pour but de présenter les principaux résultats de ces suivis et études mais également les premiers axes de réflexion sur la mise en place d’aménagements adéquats aux objectifs de conservation des espèces.
Genome-wide Identification of the Aconitase Gene Family in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and CRISPR-based Functional Characterization of SlACO2 on Male-sterility
Authors: Seçgin Zafer , Uluisik Selman , Yıldırım Kubilay , Abdulla Mohamed Farah , Mostafa Karam , Kavas Musa
Published: November 2022

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world due to its consumption in a large variety of raw, cooked, or processed foods. Tomato breeding and productivity highly depend on the use of hybrid seeds and their higher yield, environmental adaption, and disease tolerance. However, the emasculation procedure during hybridization raises tomato seed production costs and labor expenses. Using male sterility is an effective way to reduce the cost of hybrid seeds and ensure cultivar purity. Recent developments in CRISPR genome editing technology enabled tomato breeders to investigate the male sterility genes and to develop male-sterile tomato lines. In the current study, the tomato Acotinase (SlACO) gene family was investigated via in-silico tools and functionally characterized with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption. Genome-wide blast and HMM search represented two SlACO genes located on different tomato chromosomes. Both genes were estimated to have a segmental duplication in the tomato genome due to their identical motif and domain structure. One of these genes, SlACO2, showed a high expression profile in all generative cells of tomato. Therefore, the SlACO2 gene was targeted with two different gRNA/Cas9 construct to identify their functional role in tomato. The gene was mutated in a total of 6 genome-edited tomato lines, 2 of which were homozygous. Surprisingly, pollen viability was found to be extremely low in mutant plants compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Likewise, the number of seeds per fruit also sharply decreased more than fivefold in mutant lines (10-12 seed) compared to that in WT (67 seed). The pollen shape, anther structures, and flower colors/shapes were not significantly varied between the mutant and WT tomatoes. The mutated lines were also subjected to salt and mannitol-mediated drought stress to test the effect of SlACO2 on abiotic stress tolerance. The results of the study indicated that mutant tomatoes have higher tolerance with significantly lower MDA content under stress conditions. This is the first CRISPR-mediated characterization of ACO genes on pollen viability, seed formation, and abiotic stress tolerance in tomato.
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide for Migraine Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review of Real-world Data
Authors: Pavelic Antun , Wöber Christian , Riederer Franz , Zebenholzer Karin
Published: November 2022

Objective: To perform a systematic review of real-world outcomes for anti-CGRP-mAbs. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed for real-world data of Erenumab, Galcanezumab, Fremanezumab, or Eptinezumab in patients with migraine. Results: We identified 104 publications (73 retrospective), comprising 8 pharmaco-epidemiologic and 63 clinic-based studies, 30 case reports and 3 other articles. None of the clinic-based studies provided follow-up data over more than one year in more than 200 patients. Findings suggest reductions in health insurance claims and days with sick-leave as well as better treatment adherence with anti-CGRP-mAbss. Effectiveness, reported in 59 clinic-based studies, was comparable to randomized controlled trials. A treatment pause was associated with an increase in migraine frequency and switching to another antibody resulted in a better response in some of the patients. Adverse events and safety issues were addressed in 70 papers including 22 single case reports. Conclusion: Real-world data on anti-CGRP-mAbs are limited by retrospective data collection, small patient numbers and short follow-up periods. The majority of papers seem to support good effectiveness and tolerability of anti-CGRP-mAbs in the real-world setting. There is an unmet need for large prospective real-world studies providing long-term follow-up of patients treated with anti-CGRP-mAbs.
Measuring Democratic Voice
Authors: Falvey Denis
Published: November 2022

This paper explores ballot split by type and introduces universal measures of democratic power flow and accountable local representation. These measures allow definitive comparison of electoral systems between countries, and choice of a new electoral system within a country based on existing data and with minimum assumptions.
Towards Optimization of Energy Consumption of Tello Quadrotor with MPC Model Implementation
Authors: Benotsmane Rabab , Vásárhelyi József
Published: November 2022

For a decade, the studies of dynamic control for unmanned aerial vehicles took a large interest, where drones as a useful technology in different areas were always suffering from several issues like instability-high energy consumption of batteries - inaccuracy of tracking targets. Different approaches are proposed for dealing with the non-linearity issues which present the most important features of this system. This paper describes our focus on the most common control strategies, known as model predictive control MPC, by developing a model based on the sensors embedded in our Tello quadrotor used for indoor purposes. The original controller of Tello quadrotor is supposed to be a slave, where the designed model predictive controller is created in MATLAB and imported to another embedded system, considered as a master; the objective of this model is to track the reference trajectory, almost keeping the stability of the system and ensure the low energy consumption. In the first part, a profound description of the modelling process of a dynamic model for drones is presented, explaining the design of MPC controller with both linear and non-linear strategies built in MATLAB. In the final part, simulation and results are discussed regarding its behaviour and performance, highlighting the MPC model's important role on drones' energy consumption profile.
Evidence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bats and Its Planetary Health Impact for Surveillance of Zoonotic Spillover Events: A Scoping Review
Authors: Devnath Popy , Karah Nabil , Graham Jay P , Rose Elizabeth , Asaduzzaman Muhammad
Published: November 2022

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other outbreaks such as SARS and Ebola, bats are recognized as a critical species for mediating zoonotic infectious disease spillover events. While there is a growing concern of increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally during this pandemic, knowledge of AMR circulating between bats and humans is limited. In this paper, we have reviewed the evidence of AMR in bats and discussed the planetary health aspect of AMR to elucidate how this is associated with the emergence, spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance at the human-animal interface. The presence of clinically significant resistant bacteria in bats and wild life has reflective and broad impact on zoonotic pandemic surveillance, disease transmission and treatment modalities. We searched MEDLINE through PubMed and Google Scholar to retrieve relevant studies (n=38) that provided data on resistant bacteria in bats till September 30, 2022. There is a substantial variability in the results from studies measuring the prevalence of AMR based on geographic location, bat types and time. We found all major groups of gram positive and gram negative bacteria in bats which are resistant to commonly used antibiotics. The most alarming issue is- recent studies have increasingly identified Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ESBL producing and Colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae in samples from bats. This evidence of superbugs abundance in both humans and wild mammals like bats, could facilitate a greater understanding of which specific pathways of exposure should be targeted. We believe that these data will also facilitate future pandemic prepareness as well as global AMR containment during the pandemic events and beyond.
Etiology of Pneumoparotid: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yoshida Kazuya
Published: November 2022

Pneumoparotid describes the presence of retrogradely insufflated air within the Stensen's duct and/or parotid gland. It is a rare condition with variable causative factors. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of pneumoparotid; reports in all languages were evaluated fol-lowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement 2020. A literature search was conducted using electronic medical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, Ovid, Google Scholar, SciElo, LILIACS, and others) from 1890 to June 30, 2022. One hundred and seventy patients (mean age; 28.4 years) from 126 studies were reviewed. Common symptoms included swelling (84.7%) and pain (35.9%). Characteristic findings were crepitus in the parotid region (40%) and frothy saliva from the orifice (39.4%). Common etiologies included abnormal habits such as blowing out the cheeks (23.5%), idiopathic (20%), self-induced (15.9%), playing wind instruments such as trumpets or flutes (8.8%), and diseases inducing coughing or sneezing (8.2%). Treatments included antibiotic therapy (30%), behavioral therapy to avoid continuing causative habits (25.9%), psychiatric therapy (8.2%), and surgical procedures (8.2%). Treatment should be individualized based on the etiology. However, the etiology was not identified in 20% of patients. Further detailed data from larger samples are necessary to better understand and improve the recognition of this entity.
Exploration of Antileishmanial Compounds Derived from Natural Sources
Authors: Ghouse Peer Gajala Deethamvali , Chang Chung-Ming , Raj V. Samuel , Pandey Ramendra
Published: November 2022

Leishmaniasis is considered one of the different neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization. Over the past few decades to tackle leishmaniasis, effective and novel drugs have progressed. But few are expensive some other medication shows poor effects and few drugs with long treatment lead to cause resistance. But it is very important to start a better medication against leishmania so researchers came to the front of the utilization of natural products which are considered a better option. Finding active compounds in medicinal plants is another alternative to currently accessible medications. Materials and methods: This study examined and reported the far more potential natural products used to treat disease caused by Leishmania spp. Leishmaniasis, plant metabolites, in vivo, in vitro, and treatment against leishmaniasis have been used as search terms in the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, and only papers published between 2015 and 2021 have been chosen for further analysis. Results: The use of novel natural compounds with leishmanicidal action as well as the leishmanicidal activity of natural compounds against promastigote, axenic, and intracellular amastigote forms were included in roughly 20 research papers that were reviewed.Conclusion: Due to their capacity to selectively target parasites without harming host cell viability, herbal plants are a possible source of new anti-leishmanial medication. Future leishmaniasis treatments will draw on the isolated compounds as a source, completing those already offered in clinics.
IoT based Smart Waste Management Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Rajani Kazim Raza , Gaddam Anuroop , Gaddam Jyotheesh
Published: November 2022

Ever-increasing need for improving the livability of a city and improve outcomes for its residents, over the last decade, the adoption of technology to develop urbanised societies around the world has given rise to the need for developing smart cities. The speed at which the world population is growing, the use of Internet of Things in smart cities have really advanced the quality of life. One significant area of concern within the smart city framework is waste management. If the waste within a city is not adequately managed, then it leads to issues in the health of the citizens. Additionally, the waste management has such a high impact on the environmental footprint, hence the need to have a smart way of managing waste is of critical importance. Through our research, we analyse the challenges of waste management within a city to understand the impact of the problem on to the citizens and overall city operations. We then investigate ways in which we can solve these problems using the emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things, to collect valuable data of large volumes arriving at an astronomical rate, then apply multi-agent deep reinforcement learning algorithms to harness the power of big data to extract meaningful information and actionable insights. We ingest data generated by our Internet of Things into our algorithm for three main purposes including providing the notifications to an external system, for example, a map navigation engine out of the scope for this project but a future extension for route optimisation and waste vehicle tracking; extracting and reporting the actionable insights from the underlying data; and consuming the extracted data for predictive forecasting to draw out the unknown patterns of waste fill levels within various geographical locations and again send out triggers and notification to external systems for example a waste collection authority who can efficiently schedule the waste collection vehicles and optimise the route. To achieve the above mentioned outcomes, we propose a framework that is agnostic of the hardware that it connects to and can effectively interface with a wide variety of hardware keeping a level of abstraction in the architecture.
Timing and Trends for Municipal Wastewater, Lab-Confirmed Case, and Syndromic Case Surveillance of COVID-19 in Raleigh, North Carolina
Authors: Kotlarz Nadine , Holcomb David A. , Tanvir Pasha A. B. M. , Reckling Stacie , Kays Judith , Lai Yi-Chun , Daly Sean , Palani Sivaranjani , Bailey Erika , Guidry Virginia T. , Christensen Ariel , Berkowitz Steven , Hoppin Jane A. , Mitasova Helena , Engel Lawrence S. , Reyes Francis L. de los , Harris Angela
Published: November 2022

Objectives. To compare 4 COVID-19 surveillance metrics in a major metropolitan area.

Methods. We analyzed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater influent and primary solids in Raleigh, North Carolina, from April 10 through December 13, 2020. We compared wastewater results with lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases and syndromic COVID-like illness (CLI) cases to answer 3 questions: (1) Did they correlate? (2) What was the temporal alignment of the different surveillance systems? (3) Did periods of significant change (i.e., trends) align?

Results. In the Raleigh sewershed, wastewater influent, wastewater primary solids, lab-confirmed cases, and CLI were strongly or moderately correlated. Trends in lab-confirmed cases and wastewater influent were observed earlier, followed by CLI and, lastly, wastewater primary solids. All 4 metrics showed sustained increases in COVID-19 in June, July, and November 2020 and sustained decreases in August and September 2020.

Conclusions. In a major metropolitan area in 2020, the timing of and trends in municipal wastewater, lab-confirmed case, and syndromic case surveillance of COVID-19 were in general agreement.

Public Health Implications. Our results provide evidence for investment in SARS-CoV-2 wastewater and CLI surveillance to complement information provided through lab-confirmed cases. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(1):79–88. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307108 )
Precision Medicine Approach to Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Kim Yehree , Choi Byung Yoon
Published: November 2022

In the early days of cochlear implantation (CI) surgery, when the types of electrodes were limited and the etiology of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was not well understood, the one-size-fits-all approach to CI held true, as in all other fields. However, in the era of personalized medicine, there have been attempts to associate CI performance with the etiology of SNHL and to establish customized surgical techniques that can maximize performance according to individual cochlear dimensions. Personalized genomic-driven assessments of CI candidates and a better understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations could provide clinically applicable diagnostic and prognostic information about questions such as who, how, and when to implant. Rigorous and strategic imaging assessments also provide better insights into the anatomic etiology of SNHL and cochlear dimensions, leading to individualized surgical techniques to augment CI outcomes. Furthermore, the precision medicine approach to CI is not necessarily limited to preoperative planning, but can be extended to either intraoperative electrode positioning or even the timing of the initial switch-on. In this review, we discuss the implications of personalized diagnoses (both genetic and nongenetic) on the planning and performance of CI in patients with prelingual and postlingual SNHL.
Implementación de la solución Iomob para integrar aplicaciones de transporte utilizando el concepto de MaaS
Authors:   , Trigo Herrera Carlos David
Published: November 2022

En los últimos 10 años, la oferta de aplicaciones de transporte y movilidad ha crecido de manera exponencial y desordenada generando una lucha constante por hacer que los usuarios se descarguen sus aplicaciones frente a la competencia. Uno de los problemas que ha generado esto, es no tener un único lugar donde el usuario pueda encontrar a todos los proveedores de servicio de movilidad, el siguiente es no contar con una única pasarela de pago y finalmente no poder reservar de manera anticipada un taxi o un scooter o una moto en una de esas aplicaciones. Por estos motivos, se forma la empresa Iomob y la idea de poder implementar una plataforma única basada en Mobility as a Service, generando integraciones con Proveedores de Servicio de Movilidad mediante API o Interfaz de Programación de Aplicaciones por sus siglas en inglés, una única pasarela de pago y habilitar la posibilidad de reservar los medios de transporte que uno desee usar en un momento determinado. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, es de tipo aplicada y tiene un diseño pre-experimental. Para obtener información, se utilizaron encuestas en un pre-test y post-test analizando los resultados con el modelo estadístico SPSS V.28 con prueba de T y Wilcoxon. Este artículo cumple con demostrar que la plataforma Iomob logra integrar varias aplicaciones de movilidad en un solo lugar; confirma que contar con un equipo de desarrolladores Full-Stack in house permiten crear las integraciones requeridas; utilizar las especificaciones de API abiertas resultó ser compatibles con cualquier aplicación de movilidad y poder usar funciones como la creación de una única pasarela de pago y, finalmente, gracias al Algoritmo Intermodal y Multimodal propio de Iomob, poder contar también con reserva de viajes hacia cualquier plataforma de movilidad.
Estado nutricional y anemia en niños menores de 3 años en pandemia Covid-19, atendidos en un Centro de Salud pandemia de Villa El Salvador-Lima-2021
Authors:   , Romero Cunias Idelsa , Moreno Silva Maria Esperanza
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el estado nutricional y anemia en niños menores de 3 años en el contexto pandemia Covid-19, atendidos en un centro salud en Villa el Salvador de Lima – 2021. Metodología: En el estudio se utilizó el método descriptivo correlacional, enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, retrospectivo y tipo de investigación fue explicativa dirigido en 206 historias clínicas. En la recolección de datos se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos validada, así mismo se usó el programa SPSS versión 26, el valor de significancia fue de p=0,996 mayor al nivel de significancia del 0.05. Resultados: Determinaron que los niños con un estado nutricional normal tuvieron un mayor porcentaje de anemia leve (76.5%). Los que sufrían de desnutrición aguda presentaron porcentajes mínimos de anemia moderada (1.8%), aquellos que sufrían de desnutrición crónica presentaban en su mayoría anemia moderada (10.7%), asimismo los que tuvieron sobrepeso en su mayoría estuvieron relacionados con anemia moderada (14.3%) por último, aquellos con obesidad tuvieron una mayor tendencia a sufrir de anemia leve (2.7%). Conclusiones: Se determina que no existió una relación de significancia entre el estado nutricional de los menores y la anemia presentada.
Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica mundial del Journal of international society of preventive and community dentistry
Authors:   , Arroyo Toscano Christian Bryan , Garcia Montoya Maricielo
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Evaluar las características cienciométricas de la producción científica del “Journal of international Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry”, en el periodo del año 2016 al 2021. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y bibliométrico. Se creó una búsqueda en la base de datos Scopus para identificar la producción académica del “Journal of international Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry” en el período del año 2016 al 2021. Para la extracción de los manuscritos se aplicó la estrategia de búsqueda en relación al nombre de la revista, utilizando los operadores boleanos “OR” y “AND”; asimismo se utilizó Microsoft Excel para la elaboración de tablas y Scival para el análisis bibliométrico de los datos, los cuales fueron divididos en indicadores de impacto (CiteScore), producción y patrones de colaboración. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 599 manuscritos correspondientes al período 2016-2021 mediante análisis de metadatos. La universidad Manipal Academy of Higher Education, en India, fue la universidad con mayor cantidad de publicaciones en la revista “Journal of international Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry”. Conclusión: El mayor porcentaje de los documentos analizados se encontró en revistas del Quartil 2 y la producción científica de la revista recibió en mayor porcentaje la colaboración institucional. India, Arabia Saudita, Irán y Perú encabezaron la lista de los países con mayor producción científica en la revista. Dos investigadores peruanos encabezan la lista como autores más productivos con 18 publicaciones y 11 manuscritos respectivamente.
Analysis of safety and efficacy of oblique lateral interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar endplate inflammation
Authors: Xu Mengmeng , Liang Dingjie , Zhang Jianing , Yan Kun , Zhang Dapeng , Qian Weiqing
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical efficacy, safety, and related complications of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) in the treatment of lumbar endplate inflammation.
Methods: From June 2018 to August 2021, 36 patients with lumbar endplate inflammation underwent OLIF. There were 20 females and 16 males. Five patients had hypertension and three patients had diabetes. The complications were evaluated and treated before surgery. Patients’ medical histories were collected, and the pain visual analogue scale score (VAS) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) pain score before and after surgery were measured. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, postoperative imaging by X-ray and CT, and patient satisfaction were analyzed statistically.
Results: All patients completed surgery successfully. Low back pain and leg pain were relieved significantly after surgery and there were no serious complications. During the last follow-up, bony fusion was achieved in all segments, including 34 cases of grade I fusion and 2 cases of grade II fusion. The VAS and JOA scores for low back pain and leg pain were improved significantly after surgery (P < 0.05). Thirty-three patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome and three patients was basically satisfied, so the satisfaction rate was 100.00%.
Conclusion: OLIF is effective in the treatment of lumbar endplate inflammation. It has the advantages of being minimally invasive, less intraoperative bleeding, less trauma, rapid postoperative recovery, high bone fusion rate and fewer complications. It has obvious advantages in the clinical treatment of lumbar endplate inflammation and is worthy of clinical promotion.
Robotic Automation and Unsupervised Cluster Assisted Modeling for Solving the Forward and Reverse Design Problem of Paper Airplanes
Authors: Obayashi Nana , Junge Kai , Ilic Stefan , Hughes Josie
Published: November 2022

Although often regarded a childhood toy, the design of paper airplanes is subtly complex. The design space and mapping from geometry to distance flown is highly nonlinear and probabilistic where a single airplane design exhibits a multitude of trajectory forms and flight distances. This makes optimization and understanding of their behavior challenging for humans. By understanding the behavior of paper airplanes and predicting flight behavior, there is a potential to improve the design of aerial vehicles that operate at low Reynolds numbers. By developing a robotic system that can fabricate, test, analyze, and model the flight behavior in an unsupervised fashion, a wide design space can be reliably characterized. We find there are discrete behavioral groups that result in different trajectories: nose dive, glide, and recovery glide. Informed by this characterization we propose a method of using Gaussian mixture models to extract the clusters of the design space that map to these different behaviors. This allows us to solve both the forward and reverse design problem for paper airplanes, and also to perform efficient optimization of the geometry for a given target flight distance.
Construction of an Evaluation Indexes Framework of Primary Care Competencies for Chinese General Practitioners
Authors: LU Zhanghong , ZHU Yaxin , HE Xiaoqin , JIN Song , QU Bo
Published: November 2022

Background: The training of general practitioners (GPs) is important for the implementation of a tiered diagnosis and treatment system and realization of Healthy China 2030. A GPs training system in line with Chinese characteristics has been established, of which the standardized residency training program is the most important part. Primary care competencies (PCC) are essential for GPs, but there is a lack of research on the evaluation of PCC for Chinese GPs.
Aim: The study was to construct a more suitable evaluation indexes framework (EIF) of PCC for Chinese GPs by using mixed methods research.
Methods: The research included three steps: (1) Selecting five representative competency frameworks from literature for description, explanation and comparison, extracting evaluation indexes for EIF, and generating an evaluation indexes pool; (2) Using one-to-one in-depth structured interviews with 12 GPs to add new evaluation indexes and generate a preliminary EIF through coding of the interview content; (3) Optimizing the evaluation indexes and determining the EIF by Delphi method consultation with 25 general practice experts.
Results: Five representative competency frameworks of GPs were compared, and sixty-five indexes were selected to establish the evaluation index pool. A preliminary EIF with 120 indexes were generated after in-depth interviews with 12 GPs. These indexeswere refined, leaving 108 indexes for the Delphi process with 25 general practice experts, which produced a final EIF of PCC for GPs including 8 level-1 indexes, 24 level-2 indexes and 76 level-3 indexes.
Conclusion: An evaluation indexes framework of primary care competencies for GPs was established in this study, which had eight level-1 indexes including theoretical knowledge, physical examination, basic skills operation, auxiliary exam interpretation, clinical reasoning, medical documents writing, communication and health management. These represent the primary care competency needs for Chinese GPs.