bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Versus Delayed Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Associated Abnormalities in Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocations
Authors: Orvets Nathan D. , Parisien Robert L. , Curry Emily J. , Chung Justin S. , Eichinger Josef K. , Murakami Akira M. , Li Xinning
Published: September 2017

Background:

The delayed management of patients with shoulder instability may increase the prevalence and severity of concomitant intra-articular shoulder injuries resulting from persistent subluxations and dislocations.

Hypothesis:

Patients with a longer delay from the initial dislocation event to undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance arthrography will demonstrate more subluxations or dislocations and a greater amount of intra-articular shoulder damage.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of 89 patients from a single institution with clinically and radiographically confirmed primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those undergoing MRI less than 6 months (n = 44; LT6) or greater than 6 months (n = 45; GT6) from the initial dislocation event. The MRI assessment included evaluation of soft tissue injuries, including the labrum, capsule, rotator cuff, and cartilage damage severity along with bone loss.

Results:

The delayed MRI group (GT6) demonstrated a greater degree of intra-articular abnormalities compared to the early MRI group (LT6). A greater percentage of superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears (58% vs 34%, respectively) and cartilage damage (73% vs 27%, respectively) was present in the GT6 group compared to the LT6 group. Cartilage damage was 18% mild, 7% moderate, and 2% severe for the LT6 group as compared to 38% mild, 31% moderate, and 4% severe for the GT6 group. Additionally, more recurrent shoulder dislocations were seen in the GT6 group (n = 6) compared to the LT6 group (n = 2). In the LT6 group, there were more rotator cuff tears (50% vs 24%, respectively) and capsular tears (25% vs 9%, respectively) than the GT6 group. There was no difference in anterior glenoid bone loss, glenoid version, or humeral head subluxation between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

Patients who undergo MRI greater than 6 months from the time of primary or initial shoulder dislocation had significantly more recurrent shoulder instability events and demonstrated a greater incidence and severity of intra-articular abnormalities, including SLAP tears, posterior labral tears, and anterior glenoid cartilage damage.
Rapid Resolution of Enterovirus 71-Associated Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome on Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Sahly Ahmed , Gauquelin Laurence , Sébire Guillaume
Published: September 2017

Nonparaneoplastic opsoclonus–myoclonus ataxia syndrome is a rare neuroinflammatory condition featured by opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, and cognitive behavioral disturbance. The authors report an observation of enterovirus 71-associated opsoclonus–myoclonus ataxia syndrome evolving toward full recovery on intravenous intravenous immunoglobulin (IG) treatment. Based on this case report, enterovirus 71 should be added to the list of infectious agents likely involved in opsoclonus–myoclonus ataxia syndrome, including the emerging subgroup of opsoclonus–myoclonus ataxia syndrome recovering without aggressive or prolonged immunosuppressive intervention. Further studies are mandatory to define the precise role, incidence, treatment, and outcome of enterovirus 71 and other infectious agents in benign forms of opsoclonus–myoclonus ataxia syndrome.
Confirmed efficacy of etoposide and dexamethasone in HLH treatment: long-term results of the cooperative HLH-2004 study
Authors: Bergsten Elisabet , Horne AnnaCarin , Aricó Maurizio , Astigarraga Itziar , Egeler R. Maarten , Filipovich Alexandra H. , Ishii Eiichi , Janka Gritta , Ladisch Stephan , Lehmberg Kai , McClain Kenneth L. , Minkov Milen , Montgomery Scott , Nanduri Vasanta , Rosso Diego , Henter Jan-Inge
Published: September 2017

Key Points

Early introduction of cyclosporine did not improve HLH outcome in patients treated with the HLH-94 etoposide-dexamethasone backbone (P = .06). HLH-2004 may be improved by risk-group stratification, less therapy reduction weeks 7 to 8 for verified FHL patients, and earlier HSCT.
Gene editing rescue of a novel MPL mutant associated with congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Cleyrat Cédric , Girard Romain , Choi Eun H. , Jeziorski Éric , Lavabre-Bertrand Thierry , Hermouet Sylvie , Carillo Serge , Wilson Bridget S.
Published: September 2017

Key Points

We report unique familial cases of CAMT presenting with a novel MPL W272R mutation in the background of the activating MPL K39N mutation. Function of mutant Mpl receptor can be rescued using 2 approaches: autophagic cell surface delivery and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.
Treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease-associated radicular pain with culture-expanded autologous mesenchymal stem cells: a pilot study on safety and efficacy
Authors: Centeno Christopher , Markle Jason , Dodson Ehren , Stemper Ian , Williams Christopher J. , Hyzy Matthew , Ichim Thomas , Freeman Michael
Published: September 2017

Background

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common cause of lower back pain with radicular symptoms and has a significant socioeconomic impact given the associated disability. Limited effective conservative therapeutic options result in many turning to surgical alternatives for management, which vary in the rate of success and also carry an increased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with the procedures. Several animal based studies and a few human pilot studies have demonstrated safety and suggest efficacy in the treatment of DDD with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The use of bone marrow-derived MSCs for the treatment of DDD is promising and in the present study we report on the safety and efficacy findings from a registry based proof of concept study using a percutaneous intradiscal injection of cultured MSCs for the management of DDD with associated radicular symptoms.

Methods

Thirty-three patients with lower back pain and disc degeneration with a posterior disc bulge diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) met the inclusion criteria and were treated with culture-expanded, autologous, bone marrow-derived MSCs. Prospective registry data was obtained at multiple time intervals up to 6 years post-treatment. Collected outcomes included numeric pain score (NPS), a modified single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE) rating, functional rating index (FRI), measurement of the intervertebral disc posterior dimension, and adverse events.

Results

Three patients reported pain related to procedure that resolved. There were no serious adverse events (i.e. death, infection, or tumor) associated with the procedure. NPS change scores relative to baseline were significant at 3, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months post-treatment. The average modified SANE ratings showed a mean improvement of 60% at 3 years post-treatment. FRI post-treatment change score averages exceeded the minimal clinically important difference at all time points except 12 months. Twenty of the patients treated underwent post-treatment MRI and 85% had a reduction in disc bulge size, with an average reduction size of 23% post-treatment.

Conclusions

Patients treated with autologous cultured MSCs for lower back pain with radicular symptoms in the setting of DDD reported minor adverse events and significant improvements in pain, function, and overall subjective improvement through 6 years of follow-up.

NCT03011398. A Clinical Registry of Orthobiologics Procedures. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03011398?term=orthobiologics&rank=1
Effect of stage, comorbidities and treatment on survival among cancer patients with or without mental illness
Authors: Manderbacka Kristiina , Arffman Martti , Suvisaari Jaana , Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen Aulikki , Lumme Sonja , Keskimäki Ilmo , Pukkala Eero
Published: September 2017

Background

Earlier research suggests poorer outcome of cancer care among people with severe mental illness (SMI).

Aims

To assess the effect of stage at presentation, comorbidities and treatment on differences in survival among cancer patients with and without a history of SMI in Finland.

Method

The total population with a first cancer diagnosis in 1990–2013 was drawn from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Hospital admissions because of SMI and deaths were obtained from administrative registers. We calculated Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox regression models to examine survival differences.

Results

We found excess mortality in people with a history of psychotic and substance use disorders. Cancer stage and comorbidity did not explain mortality differences. Controlling for cancer treatment decreased the differences. The mortality gap between patients with psychosis and cancer patients without SMI increased over time.

Conclusions

Integrated medical and psychiatric care is needed to improve outcomes of cancer care among patients with SMI.
Work-related ill health in doctors working in Great Britain: incidence rates and trends
Authors: Zhou Anli Yue , Carder Melanie , Gittins Matthew , Agius Raymond
Published: September 2017

Background

Doctors have a higher prevalence of mental ill health compared with other professional occupations but incidence rates are poorly studied.

Aims

To determine incidence rates and trends of work-related ill health (WRIH) and work-related mental ill health (WRMIH) in doctors compared with other professions in Great Britain.

Method

Incidence rates were calculated using an occupational physician reporting scheme from 2005–2010. Multilevel regression was use to study incidence rates from 2001 to 2014.

Results

Annual incidence rates for WRIH and WRIMH in doctors were 515 and 431 per 100000 people employed, respectively. Higher incidence rates for WRIH and WRMIH were observed for ambulance staff and nurses, respectively. Doctors demonstrated an annual average incidence rates increase for WRIH and WRMIH, especially in women, whereas the other occupations demonstrated a decreasing or static trend. The difference in trends between the occupations was statistically significant.

Conclusions

WRIH and WRMIH incidence rate are increasing in doctors, especially in women, warranting further research.
A tectorin-based matrix and planar-cell-polarity genes are required for normal collagen-fibril orientation in the developing tectorial membrane
Authors: Goodyear Richard J. , Lu Xiaowei , Deans Michael R. , Richardson Guy P.
Published: September 2017

The tectorial membrane is an extracellular structure of the cochlea. It develops on the surface of an epithelium and contains collagen fibrils embedded in a tectorin-based matrix. The collagen fibrils are oriented radially with an apically-directed slant - a feature considered critical for hearing. To determine how this pattern is generated, collagen-fibril formation was examined in mice lacking a tectorin-based matrix, epithelial cilia, or the planar-cell-polarity genes Vangl2 and Ptk7. In wild-type mice, collagen-fibril bundles appear within a tectorin-based matrix at E15.5 and, as fibril-number rapidly increases, become co-aligned and correctly oriented. Epithelial-width measurements and data from Kif3acKO mice suggest, respectively, radial stretch and cilia play little, if any, role in determining normal collagen-fibril orientation, but evidence from tectorin-knockout mice indicates confinement is important. PRICKLE2 distribution reveals the planar-cell-polarity axis in the underlying epithelium is organised along the length of the cochlea and, in mice in which this polarity is disrupted, the apically-directed collagen offset is no longer observed. These results highlight the importance of the tectorin-based matrix and epithelial signals for precise collagen organisation in the tectorial membrane.
HDAC3 promotes meiotic apparatus assembly in mouse oocytes by modulating tubulin acetylation
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Liu Xiaohui , Gao Min , Han Longsen , Qiu Danhong , Wang Haichao , Xiong Bo , Sun Shao-Chen , Liu Honglin , Gu Ling
Published: September 2017

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to deacetylate numerous cellular substrates that govern a wide array of biological processes. HDAC3, a member of the Class I HDACs, is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein. However, its roles in meiotic oocytes are not known. In the present study, we find that mouse oocytes depleted of HDAC3 are unable to completely progress through meiosis, and are blocked at metaphase I. These HDAC3 knockdown oocytes show spindle/chromosome organization failure, with severely impaired kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Consistent with this, the level of BubR1, a central component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, at kinetochores is dramatically increased in metaphase oocytes following HDAC3 depletion. Knockdown and overexpression experiments reveal that HDAC3 modulates the acetylation status of α-tubulin in mouse oocytes. Importantly, the deacetylation mimetic mutant tubulin-K40R can partly rescue the defective phenotypes of HDAC3 knockdown oocytes. Our data support a model whereby HDAC3, through deacetylating tubulin, promotes microtubule stability and the establishment of kinetochore-microtubule interaction, consequently ensuring proper spindle morphology, accurate chromosome movement and orderly meiotic progression during oocyte maturation.
The DUX4 homeodomains mediate inhibition of myogenesis and are functionally exchangeable with the Pax7 homeodomain
Authors: Bosnakovski Darko , Toso Erik A. , Hartweck Lynn M. , Magli Alessandro , Lee Heather A. , Thompson Eliza R. , Dandapat Abhijit , Perlingeiro Rita C. R. , Kyba Michael
Published: September 2017

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by inappropriate expression of the double homeodomain protein DUX4. DUX4 has bimodal effects, inhibiting myogenic differentiation and blocking MyoD at low levels of expression, and killing myoblasts at high levels. Pax3 and Pax7, which contain related homeodomains, antagonize the cell death phenotype of DUX4 in C2C12 cells, suggesting some type of competitive interaction. Here, we show that the effects of DUX4 on differentiation and MyoD expression require the homeodomains but do not require the C-terminal activation domain of DUX4. We tested the set of equally related homeodomain proteins (Pax6, Pitx2c, OTX1, Rax, Hesx1, MIXL1 and Tbx1) and found that only Pax3 and Pax7 display phenotypic competition. Domain analysis on Pax3 revealed that the Pax3 homeodomain is necessary for phenotypic competition, but is not sufficient, as competition also requires the paired and transcriptional activation domains of Pax3. Remarkably, substitution mutants in which DUX4 homeodomains are replaced by Pax7 homeodomains retain the ability to inhibit differentiation and to induce cytotoxicity.
EFA6 regulates selective polarised transport and axon regeneration from the axon initial segment
Authors: Eva Richard , Koseki Hiroaki , Kanamarlapudi Venkateswarlu , Fawcett James W.
Published: September 2017

Central nervous system (CNS) axons lose their intrinsic ability to regenerate upon maturity, whereas peripheral nervous system (PNS) axons do not. A key difference between these neuronal types is their ability to transport integrins into axons. Integrins can mediate PNS regeneration, but are excluded from adult CNS axons along with their Rab11 carriers. We reasoned that exclusion of the contents of Rab11 vesicles including integrins might contribute to the intrinsic inability of CNS neurons to regenerate, and investigated this by performing laser axotomy. We identify a novel regulator of selective axon transport and regeneration, the ARF6 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) EFA6 (also known as PSD). EFA6 exerts its effects from a location within the axon initial segment (AIS). EFA6 does not localise at the AIS in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons, and in these neurons, ARF6 activation is counteracted by an ARF GTPase-activating protein (GAP), which is absent from the CNS, ACAP1. Depleting EFA6 from cortical neurons permits endosomal integrin transport and enhances regeneration, whereas overexpressing EFA6 prevents DRG regeneration. Our results demonstrate that ARF6 is an intrinsic regulator of regenerative capacity, implicating EFA6 as a focal molecule linking the AIS, signalling and transport.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Development of the Wheel—Rail Interface Management Model and Its Applications in Heavy Haul Operations
Authors: Wu H , Kalay S , Tournay H
Published: September 2017

This article describes the wheel—rail interface management (WRIM) model being developed by Transportation Technology Center Inc. to evaluate wheel—rail interface conditions, plan wheel—rail maintenance, and develop strategies to improve railway system performance. The WRIM software integrates wheel—rail profile measurement data, vehicle performance data, track geometry data, and rail steel properties to predict rail wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) based on the shakedown theory, an energy-based RCF damage function, and existing wear rate computation algorithms.
Keeping up appearances: the radiographic evolution of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices
Authors: Wiles Benedict M , Illingworth Caroline A , Paisey John R , Roberts Paul R , Harden Stephen P
Published: September 2017

In recent years, there has been a significant evolution in the field of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Pacemakers can now be leadless, implantable cardioverter defibrillators can be entirely subcutaneous and implantable loop recorders have become miniaturized. Driven by technological advances and an ageing population implant numbers have also steadily increased. These highly prevalent systems are all radio-opaque and are frequently observed on chest radiographs, yet the devices are neither well recognized nor understood. We present a pictorial review of CIEDs; describing the chest radiograph appearances of both newer generation systems and their traditional predecessors. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical role of chest radiography in both CIED implantation and follow up, with the aim of improving understanding in this important and expanding field. Finally, we present a collection of interesting and challenging radiographs, where multiple CIED systems have been implanted.
Spironolactone in cardiovascular disease: an expanding universe?
Authors: Funder John W.
Published: September 2017

Spironolactone has been marketed for over half a century as a ‘potassium-sparing diuretic’, used primarily in patients with ascites. With the realization that primary aldosteronism is the most common (5-13%) form of secondary hypertension, it has become widely used as a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. More recently, in the wake of the RALES trial, spironolactone in addition to standard therapy has been shown to be very beneficial in heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Despite the failure of the TOPCAT trial, spironolactone is being increasingly used in diastolic heart failure (i.e. with a preserved ejection fraction). The third currently accepted role for spironolactone is in hypertension resistant to three conventional antihypertensives including a diuretic, where it has been proven to be effective, in contra-distinction to renal artery denervation. Finally, brief consideration will be given to ‘areas in waiting’ – pulmonary hypertension/fibrosis, cancer – where spironolactone may play very useful roles.
AMP-activated protein kinase – not just an energy sensor
Authors: Hardie David Grahame , Lin Sheng-Cai
Published: September 2017

Orthologues of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) occur in essentially all eukaryotes as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic α subunits and regulatory β and γ subunits. The canonical role of AMPK is as an energy sensor, monitoring levels of the nucleotides AMP, ADP, and ATP that bind competitively to the γ subunit. Once activated, AMPK acts to restore energy homeostasis by switching on alternate ATP-generating catabolic pathways while switching off ATP-consuming anabolic pathways. However, its ancestral role in unicellular eukaryotes may have been in sensing of glucose rather than energy. In this article, we discuss a few interesting recent developments in the AMPK field. Firstly, we review recent findings on the canonical pathway by which AMPK is regulated by adenine nucleotides. Secondly, AMPK is now known to be activated in mammalian cells by glucose starvation by a mechanism that occurs in the absence of changes in adenine nucleotides, involving the formation of complexes with Axin and LKB1 on the surface of the lysosome. Thirdly, in addition to containing the nucleotide-binding sites on the γ subunits, AMPK heterotrimers contain a site for binding of allosteric activators termed the allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM) site. A large number of synthetic activators, some of which show promise as hypoglycaemic agents in pre-clinical studies, have now been shown to bind there. Fourthly, some kinase inhibitors paradoxically activate AMPK, including one (SU6656) that binds in the catalytic site. Finally, although downstream targets originally identified for AMPK were mainly concerned with metabolism, recently identified targets have roles in such diverse areas as mitochondrial fission, integrity of epithelial cell layers, and angiogenesis.
Preprocessed Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics dataset
Authors: Gorgolewski Krzysztof J. , Durnez Joke , Poldrack Russell A.
Published: September 2017

Here we present preprocessed MRI data of 265 participants from the Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics (CNP) dataset. The preprocessed dataset includes minimally preprocessed data in the native, MNI and surface spaces accompanied with potential confound regressors, tissue probability masks, brain masks and transformations. In addition the preprocessed dataset includes unthresholded group level and single subject statistical maps from all tasks included in the original dataset. We hope that availability of this dataset will greatly accelerate research.
Protein unfolding mechanisms and their effects on folding experiments
Authors: Lapidus Lisa J
Published: September 2017

In this review, I discuss the various methods researchers use to unfold proteins in the lab in order to understand protein folding both in vitro and in vivo. The four main techniques, chemical-, heat-, pressure- and force-denaturation, produce distinctly different unfolded conformational ensembles. Recent measurements have revealed different folding kinetics from different unfolding mechanisms. Thus, comparing these distinct unfolded ensembles sheds light on the underlying free energy landscape of folding.
How do you recognize and reconstitute a synaptic vesicle after fusion?
Authors: Chanaday Natali L. , Kavalali Ege T.
Published: September 2017

Synaptic vesicle recycling is essential for sustained and reliable neurotransmission. A key component of synaptic vesicle recycling is the synaptic vesicle biogenesis process that is observed in synapses and that maintains the molecular identity of synaptic vesicles. However, the mechanisms by which synaptic vesicles are retrieved and reconstituted after fusion remain unclear. The complex molecular composition of synaptic vesicles renders their rapid biogenesis a daunting task. Therefore, in this context, kiss-and-run type transient fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane without loss of their membrane composition and molecular identity remains a viable hypothesis that can account for the fidelity of the synaptic vesicle cycle. In this article, we discuss the biological implications of this problem as well as its possible molecular solutions.
Fragger: a protein fragment picker for structural queries
Authors: Berenger Francois , Simoncini David , Voet Arnout , Shrestha Rojan , Zhang Kam Y.J.
Published: September 2017

Protein modeling and design activities often require querying the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with a structural fragment, possibly containing gaps. For some applications, it is preferable to work on a specific subset of the PDB or with unpublished structures. These requirements, along with specific user needs, motivated the creation of a new software to manage and

query 3D protein fragments. Fragger is a protein fragment picker that allows protein fragment databases to be created and queried. All fragment lengths are supported and any set of PDB files can be used to create a database. Fragger can efficiently search a fragment database with a query fragment and a distance threshold. Matching fragments are ranked by distance to the query. The query fragment can have structural gaps and the allowed amino acid sequences matching a query can be constrained via a regular expression of one-letter amino acid codes. Fragger also incorporates a tool to compute the backbone RMSD of one versus many fragments in high throughput. Fragger should be useful for protein design, loop grafting and related structural

bioinformatics tasks.
New evidence of mating swarms of the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in Tanzania
Authors: Kaindoa Emmanuel W. , Ngowo Halfan S. , Limwagu Alex , Mkandawile Gustav , Kihonda Japhet , Masalu John Paliga , Bwanary Hamis , Diabate Abdoulaye , Okumu Fredros O.
Published: September 2017

Background: Malaria mosquitoes form mating swarms around sunset, often at the same locations for months or years. Unfortunately, studies of Anopheles swarms are rare in East Africa, the last recorded field observations in Tanzania having been in 1983.

Methods: Mosquito swarms were surveyed by trained volunteers between August-2016 and June-2017 in Ulanga district, Tanzania. Identified Anopheles swarms were sampled using sweep nets, and collected mosquitoes killed by refrigeration then identified by sex and taxa. Sub-samples were further identified by PCR, and spermatheca of females examined for mating status. Mosquito ages were estimated by observing female ovarian tracheoles and rotation of male genitalia. GPS locations, types of swarm markers, start/end times of swarming, heights above ground, mosquito counts/swarm, and copulation events were recorded.

Results: A total of 216 Anopheles swarms were identified, characterized and mapped, from which 7,142 Anopheles gambiae s.l and 13 Anopheles funestus were sampled. The An. gambiae s.l were 99.6% males and 0.4% females, while the An. funestus were all males. Of all An. gambiae s.l analyzed by PCR, 86.7% were An. arabiensis, while 13.3% returned non-amplified DNA. Mean height (±SD) of swarms was 2.74±0.64m, and median duration was 20 (IQR; 15-25) minutes. Confirmed swarm markers included rice fields (25.5%), burned grounds (17.2%), banana trees (13%), brick piles (8.8%), garbage heaps (7.9%) and ant-hills (7.4%). Visual estimates of swarm sizes by the volunteers was strongly correlated to actual sizes by sweep nets (R=0.94; P=<0.001). All females examined were nulliparous and 95.6% [N=6787] of males had rotated genitalia, indicating sexual maturity.

Conclusions: This is the first report of Anopheles swarms in Tanzania in more than three decades. The study demonstrates that the swarms can be identified and characterized by trained community-based volunteers, and highlights potential new interventions, for example targeted aerosol spraying of the swarms to improve malaria control.
O inconsciente, do sentido do significante ao gozo da letra: um estudo lacaniano
Authors: Cordeiro Éverton Fernandes , - Márcia Maria Rosa Vieira Luchina
Published: September 2017

Este artículo propone discutir el recorrido teórico del psicoanalista francés Jacques Lacan, al distinguir la letra del campo del significante, no desde el punto de vista de literalidad y estructura localizada del significante, sino como elemento que vincula algo del orden pulsional, del gozo. Así, Lacan sugiere pensar el inconsciente como letra, yendo más allá de la noción del inconsciente estructurado como un lenguaje. En los años 1970, a partir de la noción de enjambre de significantes, se estaría entonces bajo la perspectiva de un inconsciente “letrado”, real, teniendo en cuenta la posibilidad que la letra trae a la dimensión de la lengua, noción que evidencia un gozo entrevisto en el sin sentido de los significantes. Finalmente, el artículo presenta una discusión contemporánea acerca de dos estatutos del inconsciente: transferencial y real.
Estructura Latente de las Funciones Ejecutivas en Adolescentes: Invarianza Factorial a través del Sexo
Authors: Arán Filippetti Vanessa , López Mariana Beatriz
Published: September 2017

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron (i) analizar la estructura latente de las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) en adolescentes y (ii) comprobar su invarianza factorial (i,e., configural, métrica, escalar, estructural y residual) a través del sexo. Se trabajó con una muestra de 125 adolescentes de 11 a 15 años de edad de ambos sexos a los que se administró diferentes tareas de FE. Se empleó Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) y AFC Multigrupo (AFCMG). El AFC ofreció apoyo para la estructura de tres factores separados pero relacionados: (i) Memoria de trabajo, (ii) Flexibilidad Cognitiva y (iii) Inhibición. Además, el AFCMG reveló que la estructura de tres factores es invariante a través del sexo, lo que permite la comparación entre los grupos de los componentes hallados. Finalmente, el análisis multivariado de varianza (MANOVA) reveló diferencias significativas en el factor Flexibilidad Cognitiva a favor de las mujeres. Se discuten los resultados en términos de la naturaleza dimensional del constructo en adolescentes y de las diferencias de rendimiento cognitivo en función del sexo.
A Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for the Multidepot Rural Postman Problem
Authors: Fernández Elena , Laporte Gilbert , Rodríguez-Pereira Jessica
Published: September 2017

This paper considers the Multidepot Rural Postman Problem, an extension of the classical Rural Postman Problem in which there are several depots instead of only one. The aim is to construct a minimum cost set of routes traversing each required edge of the graph, where each route starts and ends at the same depot. The paper makes the following scientific contributions: (i) It presents optimality conditions and a worst case analysis for the problem; (ii) It proposes a compact integer linear programming formulation containing only binary variables, as well as a polyhedral analysis; (iii) It develops a branch-and-cut algorithm that includes several new exact and heuristic separation procedures. Instances involving up to four depots, 744 vertices, and 1,315 edges are solved to optimality. These instances contain up to 140 required components and 1,000 required edges.
Considering ‘Impermanent Durations: On Painting and Time’
Authors: Thomas David
Published: September 2017

This article is an annotated response to the group discussions that occurred during the installation and exhibition of ‘Impermanent Durations: On Painting and Time’, held at LASALLE’s Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) Singapore in June 2016. The text includes an edited transcript of a panel discussion at the ICA Singapore, chaired by Guo-Liang Tan. This is supplemented by issues raised during the floor talk, chaired by Claire Watson at the second iteration of the project, which was exhibited at the Bundoora Homestead Art Centre, Melbourne (BHAC) in August 2016.
The Ethical and Legal Case Against Autonomy in Weapons Systems
Authors: Amoroso Daniele , Tamburrini Guglielmo
Published: September 2017

In order to be counted as autonomous, a weapons system must perform the critical functions of target selection and engagement without any intervention by human operators. Human rights organizations, as well as a growing number of States, have been arguing for banning weapons systems satisfying this condition – that are usually referred to as autonomous weapons system (AWS) in this account – and for maintaining meaningful human control (MHC) over any weapons systems. This twofold goal has been pursued by leveraging on ethical and legal arguments, which spell out a variety of deontological or consequentialist reasons. Roughly speaking, deontological arguments support the conclusion that by deploying AWS one is likely or even bound to violate moral and legal obligations of special sorts of agents (military commanders and operators) or moral and legal rights of special sorts of patients (AWS potential victims). Consequentialist arguments substantiate the conclusion that prohibiting AWS is expected to protect peace and security, thereby enhancing collective human welfare, more effectively than the incompatible choice of permitting their use. Contrary to a widespread view, this paper argues that deontological and consequentialist reasons can be coherently combined so as to provide mutually reinforcing ethical and legal reasons for banning AWS. To this end, a confluence model is set forth that enables one to solve potential conflicts between these two approaches by prioritizing deontological arguments over consequentialist ones. Finally, it is maintained that the proposed confluence model significantly bears on the issue of what it is to exercise genuine MHC on existing and future AWS. Indeed, full autonomy is allowed by the confluence model in the case of some anti-materiel defensive AWS; it is to be curbed instead in the case of both lethal AWS and future AWS which may seriously jeopardize peace and stability.
Zur Funktionalität des Ausdrucks also in der deutschen Wissenschaftssprache
Authors: Hinzmann Friederike
Published: September 2017

In dem vorliegenden Beitrag geht es um die Funktionalität des zunächst unauffälligen Ausdrucks also in der deutschen Wissenschaftssprache. Die Analyse authentischen Datenmaterials, bestehend aus Transkriptausschnitten aus einer Lehrveranstaltung einer deutschen Hochschule und zwei wissenschaftlichen Artikeln, zeigt jedoch deutlich, dass also der Bearbeitung von spezifischen Wissenskomplexen dient. Die Analyse des Seminardiskurses hat zum einen ergeben, dass die Funktionalität von also darin besteht, zuvor vermitteltes Wissen zu refokussieren und sodann auf spezifische Weise zu bearbeiten. Aus der Analyse geht zum anderen hervor, dass also in wissenschaftlichen Artikeln besonders an Nahtstellen verwendet wird, an denen neues Wissen gegenüber bekanntem versucht wird durchzusetzen. Es handelt sich folglich um eine durch den Ausdruck ausgelöste wissenschaftstypische Bearbeitung von propositionalen Gehalten, die sowohl in wissenschaftlichen Diskursen (Lehrveranstaltungen) als auch Texten (wissenschaftlichen Artikeln) nachgewiesen werden konnte. Im Schlussteil wird hervorgehoben, dass die aus den Analysen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse damit unmittelbar einschlägig für die Didaktik des Deutschen als fremde Wissenschaftssprache sind. Hierbei sollten sich didaktische Überlegungen sowohl auf die diskursive sowie textuelle Rezeption als auch Produktion beziehen.
Leseförderung durch integriertes Lesen und Schreiben am Beispiel der Deutschlehrerausbildung in der Türkei
Authors: Heppınar Gülay , Uzuntaş Aysel
Published: September 2017

Die Lesekompetenz stellt eine grundlegende Voraussetzung sowohl für den Erfolg im Studium als auch für den Erfolg im zukünftigen Lehrerberuf der Studierenden der fremdsprachlichen Deutschlehreraubildung in der Türkei dar und sollte gezielt gefördert werden. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, ein Unterrichtskonzept zur Förderung der Lesekompetenz im Fachbereich Deutsch als Fremdsprache in der Türkei (Deutschlehrerausbildung) vorzustellen und die Auswirkungen des eingesetzten Instrumentariums auf die Entwicklung der Lesekompetenz empirisch darzustellen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Interventionsstudie durchgeführt, die in Form eines Förder-Kontroll-Vergleichs angelegt ist. Zur Erfassung der Leseleistung wurden in der Förder- und Kontrollgruppe Lesetests (Vortest-Endtest) aus der Deutschen Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (DSH) eingesetzt. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass sich die Lesekompetenz der Studierenden der Fördergruppe durch das Unterrichtskonzept „Leseförderung durch integriertes Lesen und Schreiben“ im Vergleich zu den Studierenden der Kontrollgruppe signifikant verbessert hat.
Examining the Feasibility of a Short Intervention for Improving Exercise Imagery Ability
Authors: Weibull Fredrik , Cumming Jennifer , Cooley Sam J. , Williams Sarah E. , Burns Victoria E.
Published: September 2017

The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of combining layered stimulus response training (LSRT) with one week of imagery rehearsal on exercise imagery ability. Further aims were to investigate pre- to post-intervention changes in exercise related feeling states and interest/enjoyment, and determine if imagery ability at post-intervention was associated with these variables. Forty-five women aged 19 to 50 years (M = 30.53; SD = 10.08) performed LSRT and were randomly assigned to either rehearsal or no rehearsal conditions of an imagery script describing a brisk walk. Both groups significantly improved their ability to image different types of exercise imagery from pre- to post-intervention, but the rehearsal group improved their imagery accuracy significantly more than the control group. Both groups significantly improved on interest/enjoyment, physical exhaustion and positive engagement, but not revitalization or tranquility. For the rehearsal group, post-intervention exercise imagery ability correlated significantly and positively with post-intervention interest/enjoyment, positive engagement, and tranquility. Results indicate that it is feasible to improve exercise imagery ability through a brief imagery intervention and that this increase was associated with better affective responses to exercise.
Financing of Low-Rent Housing REITs in China
Authors: Liu Xiaoxin , Wu Di , Li Xiuting , Dong Jichang
Published: September 2017

Taking the special features of the Chinese real estate market and financial market into account, this paper explores the application of real estate investment trusts (REITs) in low-rent housing and introduces an agent-based simulation model for low-rent housing REITs in the issuing and trading markets. Overcoming the difficulty of lacking relevant REITs models and data in China, We find that how the rental income and government subsidy, market fixed interest rate, dividend proportion of low-rent housing REITs and market surplus fund influence the financing of low-rent housing REITs.
Transformation of Characteristic Function in Dynamic Games
Authors: Gao Hongwei , Petrosyan Leon , Qiao Han , Sedakov Artem , Xu Genjiu
Published: September 2017

The problem of transformation of characteristic function, using a transformation matrix and connected with associated consistency of a solution concept, was investigated for the class of so-called “one-shot” games. The same problem also arises in dynamic games when players move step by step along the cooperative trajectory. In this case the evolution of characteristic function is, in general, unpredictable and may lead to time-inconsistency of a fixed cooperative solution concept. There are different approaches to overcome this problem based on transformation of characteristic function. In this paper, the step-wise transformation is used, which is a generalization of similar transformation of characteristic function for dynamic games with perfect information, and it leads to the time-consistent solution. The general form of such transformation is proposed.
Abrupt Changes of Global Oil Price
Authors: Chai Jian , Wang Shubin , Xiao Hao
Published: September 2017

Aiming to shed light on the predominant variations or events that lead to the abrupt change of oil price that affect the Chinese macro economy growth, this paper performs product partition model to identify and analyze world historic abrupt change of oil price and related variations as well as the identification of the structural change point of crude oil market equilibrium structure during the investigation stage using a MSBVAR model. We found out that abrupt change of oil price occurred time and again from 1991 to 2011. Yet the change of equilibrium structure of oil market emerged only once.
The Empirical Research on Macro Decision-Making Factors of Implementing Countervailing Policy
Authors: Qiao Xiaoyong
Published: September 2017

At present, with the rapid development of foreign trade, trade friction of China has transformed from the microcosmic aspects of enterprise to the macroscopical aspects of government. Countervailing policy as a trade policy has a profound effect on many aspects. Based on constructing Binary Choice Model of the influencing factors of macro decision-making, this paper tries to carry out an empirical study on the influencing factors of macro decision-making form foreign countries against China with the data of the 38 countervailing files initiated by the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa and India from 2004 to 2009. This paper makes contributions to provide reference to China’s macro decision-making sectors.
An Architectural Approach for Capability Mapping and Gap Analysis
Authors: Yang Kewei , Ge Bingfeng , Zhao Qingsong , Jiang Jiang
Published: September 2017

To cope with the increasing complexity and constantly changing capability requirements of system-of-systems, an architectural approach for capability mapping and gap analysis is proposed. Firstly, a more specific architecture framework is presented. Secondly, on the basis of the analysis of the semantic relationships between constituent architecture data elements, a capability mapping approach is proposed to manage the relations between capabilities and systems based on the mapping matrixes representing associations of core entities. Then, a four-step capability mapping process for the mapping from capabilities to systems is suggested. Moreover, the capability gap analysis on how to identify and fill the capability gaps is also studied. Finally, an example of specific Net-Centric Warfare mission of Precision Engagement is used to illustrate the feasibility of the approach.
From lapis lazuli to ultramarine blue: investigating Cennino Cennini’s recipe using sulfur K-edge XANES
Authors: Ganio Monica , Pouyet Emeline S. , Webb Samuel M. , Schmidt Patterson Catherine M. , Walton Marc S.
Published: September 2017

As one of the most desired and expensive artists’ materials throughout history, there has long been interest in studying natural lapis lazuli. The traditional method of extracting the blue component, lazurite, from lapis lazuli, as outlined in Cennini’s Il Libro dell’Arte, involves a lengthy purification process: (1) finely grind the rock; (2) mix with pine rosin, gum mastic, and beeswax; (3) massage in water to collect the lazurite. Repeating the process produces several grades of the pigment, typically referred to as ultramarine blue. Here, we investigate the sulfur environment within the aluminosilicate framework of lazurite during its extraction from lapis lazuli. The sulfur XANES fingerprint from samples taken at the different stages in Cennini’s extraction method were examined. All spectra contain a strong absorption peak at 2483 eV, attributable to sulfate present in the lazurite structure. However, intensity variations appear in the broad envelope of peaks between 2470 and 2475 eV and the pre-peak at 2469.1 eV, indicating a variation in the content of trisulfur (S3
−˙) radicals. By studying the effect of each step of Cennini’s process, this study elucidates the changes occurring during the extraction and the variability within different grades of the precious coloring material. The increasing application of XANES to the study of artist’s materials and works of art motivated extending the research to assess the possibility of X-ray induced damage. Direct comparison of micro-focused and unfocused beam experiments suggests an increase of the S3
−˙ radicals with prolonged exposure. Analysis indicates that induced damage follows first-order kinetics, providing a first assessment on the acceptable amount of radiation exposure to define the optimal acquisition parameters to allow safe analyses of lapis lazuli and ultramarine pigments.
Artemin promotes oncogenicity, metastasis and drug resistance in cancer cells
Authors: Hezam Kamal , Jiang Jiahao , Sun Fumou , Zhang Xinrong , Zhang Juan
Published: September 2017

Artemin (ARTN) is a member of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands, and its signaling is mediated via a multi-component receptor complex including the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored GDNF family receptors a (GFRa1, GFRa3) and RET receptor tyrosine kinase. The major mechanism of ARTN action is via binding to a non-signaling co-receptor. The major function of ARTN is to drive the molecule to induce migration and axonal projection from sympathetic neurons. It also promotes the survival, proliferation and neurite outgrowth of sympathetic neurons in vitro. ARTN triggers oncogenicity and metastasis by the activation of the AKT signaling pathway. Recent studies have reported that the expression of ARTN in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with increased tumor size, quick relapse and shorter survival. Furthermore, ARTN promotes drug resistance such as antiestrogens, doxorubicin, fulvestrant, paclitaxel, tamoxifen and trastuzumab. Moreover, ARTN also stimulates the radio-therapeutic resistance. This review highlights the proposed roles of ARTN in cancer cells and discusses recent results supporting its emerging role as an oncogenic, metastatic and drug-resisting agent with a special focus on how these new insights may facilitate rational development of ARTN for targeted therapies in the future.
Polar questions, social actions and epistemic stance
Authors: Hennoste Tiit , Rääbis Andriela , Laanesoo Kirsi
Published: September 2017

This article describes the relationships between epistemic stance, social actions and form variants of polar questions in Estonian institutional information-seeking dialogues and compares the results with ordinary conversation in English, Dutch, and Danish. Estonian and English use a polarized system where the unknowing stance is formulated by particles and/or inversion, and knowing stance by declaratives and sentence-final markers. Dutch and Danish use an asymmetrical system where unknowing stance uses an inversion and knowing stance uses frequently all question formats. Information-seeking dialogues contain a large number of questions used to establish resources necessary to implement the second-pair-part of the adjacency pair in the interaction.
Diverse bioactive compounds from Sarcophtyton glaucom: structure elucidation and cytotoxic activity studies
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed , El-Hagrassi Ali M. , Abdelghani Mohamed A. , Osman Abeer F.
Published: September 2017

Chemical investigation of the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucom collected at the coasts of Hurghada, Egypt, led to the isolation of one new naturally occurring 4-oxo-1,1′-pentanoic acid anhydride (1), along with four diterpenes; sarcophinone (2a), 8-epi-sarcophinone (2b), (+)-7α,8β-dihydroxydeepoxysarcophine (3), sinumaximol G (4), (+)-sarcophine (5), sesquiterpene; prostantherol (6), sterol; 3β,24S-ergost-5-en-ol (7) and hexadecanoic acid. The structures of the obtained compounds were established using diverse spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS. Biologically, in vitro cytotoxic activities of diterpenes 2–5 and prostantherol (6) were studied against the liver cancer HEPG2 cell line in comparison with the soft coral extract and doxorubicin as reference (IC50: 4.28 μg/mL). Compounds 2–6 exhibited potent–moderate cytotoxicity of IC50 between 9.97 μg/mL [for sinumaximol G (4)] and 17.84 μg/mL [for (+)-7α,8β-dihydroxydeepoxysarcophine (3)], whereas that for soft coral extract was determined at 24.71 μg/mL.