bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensionality Selection for Hyperbolic Embeddings using Decomposed Normalized Maximum Likelihood Code-Length
Authors: Yuki Ryo , Ike Yuichi , Yamanishi Kenji
Published: February 2023

Graph embedding methods are effective techniques for representing nodes and their relations in a continuous space. Specifically, the hyperbolic space is more effective than the Euclidean space for embedding graphs with tree-like structures. Thus it is critical how to select the best dimensionality for the hyperbolic space in which a graph is embedded. This is because we cannot distinguish nodes well with dimensionality that is considerably low, whereas the embedded relations are affected by irregularities in data with excessively high dimensionality. We consider this problem from the viewpoint of statistical model selection for latent variable models. Thereafter, we propose a novel methodology for dimensionality selection based on the minimum description length principle. We aim to introduce a latent variable modeling of hyperbolic embeddings and apply the decomposed normalized maximum likelihood code-length to latent variable model selection. We empirically demonstrated the effectiveness of our method using both synthetic and real datasets.
Using Image Processing Technology for Detection of Red Grape Fruits in natural conditions
Authors: Nazari Akbar , Mohammadzamani Davood , Javidan Seyed Mohamad
Published: February 2023

With the increase of greenhouse cultivation of grapes in order to reduce the labor cost, the mechanization of harvesting operations is one of the important issues in recent years. In this research, an image processing algorithm was designed so that the robot on the tree could recognize the position of red grapes. In order to design the algorithms, a total of 500 product clusters were taken in natural conditions. The color information of each image component containing clusters from the red grape background (leaf, sky and ground) was extracted and analyzed. RGB color space was used to identify clusters of red grapes. The results showed that 98% of the design area of the algorithm is able to extract grape clusters in a photo.
Arterial spin labeling reveals disordered cerebral perfusion and cerebral blood flow-based functional connectivity in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Wang Qian , Qu Xiaoxia , Wang Huaizhou , Chen Weiwei , Sun Yunxiao , Li Ting , Chen Jianhong , Wang Yang , Wang Ningli , Xian Junfang
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a widespread neurodegenerative condition affecting brain regions involved in visual processing, somatosensory processing, motor control, emotional regulation and cognitive functions. Cerebral hemodynamic dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. We aimed to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) redistributed patterns in visual and higher-order cognitive cortices and its relationship with clinical parameters in POAG, and we hypothesized that CBF changes together across regions within the same functional network.
Methods:
Forty-five POAG patients and 23 normal controls underwent three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling MRI to measure the resting-state CBF. Group comparisons of CBF and correlations between CBF changes and ophthalmological and neuropsychological indices were assessed. We determined CBF-based functional connectivity (CBFC) by calculating the correlations between specific regions and all other brain voxels and compared CBFC differences between groups.
Results:
The patients exhibited decreased CBF in visual cortices, postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule and cerebellum and increased CBF in medial, middle, and superior frontal gyri, as well as the insula. The CBF in the visual cortices and medial frontal gyrus significantly correlated with the ophthalmological parameters. POAG patients showed disorganized connection patterns, mainly characterized by negative connections weakening or converting to mild positive connections, as well as positive connections converting to negative connections.
Conclusions:
Together, regional and interregional CBF properties confirmed that the aberrant brain regions extend beyond the visual pathway, including the somatosensory, emotional and cognitive networks, which highlights the importance of cerebral hemodynamic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of spreading neurodegeneration in POAG.
Combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome provides insight into seed oil accumulation in soybean
Authors: Zhao Xunchao , Wang Jie , Xia Ning , Liu Yuanyuan , Qu Yuewen , Ming Meng , Zhan Yuhang , Han Yingpeng , Zhao Xue , Li Yongguang
Published: February 2023

Background Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is an important source of human food, animal feed, and bio-energy. Although the genetic network of lipid metabolism is clear in Arabidopsis, the understanding of lipid metabolism in soybean is limited.
Results In this study, 30 soybean varieties were subjected to transcriptome and metabolome analysis. In total, 98 lipid-related metabolites were identified, including glycerophospholipid, alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, glycolysis, pyruvate, and the sphingolipid pathway. Of these, glycerophospholipid pathway metabolites accounted for the majority of total lipids. Combining the transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we found that 33 lipid-related metabolites and 83 lipid-related genes, 14 lipid-related metabolites and 17 lipid-related genes, and 12 lipid-related metabolites and 25 lipid-related genes were significantly correlated in FHO (five high oil varieties) vs. FLO (five low oil varieties), THO (10 high oil varieties) vs. TLO (10 low oil varieties), and HO (15 high oil varieties) vs. LO (15 low oil varieties), respectively.
Conclusions The GmGAPDH and GmPDAT genes were significantly correlated with lipid metabolism genes, and the result revealed the regulatory relationship between glycolysis and oil synthesis. These results improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of soybean seed oil improvement.
Bioinformatics analysis of the αN-helix motif of the Trypanozoon protein kinase A regulatory subunit-like protein, which is capable of inhibiting the enzymatic activity of the protein kinase A catalytic subunit-like protein
Authors: A. Nelson Araujo , Bubis José
Published: February 2023

A peptide possessing the αN-helix motif of the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit-like protein from the Trypanozoom subgenera (VAP26) was shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the Trypanosoma equiperdumPKA catalytic subunit-like protein in a similar manner that the mammalian heat-stable soluble PKA inhibitor (PKI). However, VAP26 did not contain the PKI inhibitory sequence. Bioinformatics analyzes of the αN-helix motif from the Trypanozoon protein suggested that the sequence can form favorable peptide-protein interactions of hydrophobic nature with the PKA catalytic subunit-like protein, which could represent an alternative PKA inhibition mechanism. It was determined that the sequence of the αN-helix motif of the Trypanozoon protein is conserved but significantly divergent from the corresponding αN-helix motifs in the Leishmania and mammalian proteins. This sequence divergence contrasted with the secondary structure of the αN-helix motif, which appeared to be conserved in every regulatory subunit-like protein that was analyzed. In silico mutation experiments at positions I234, L238 and F244 of the αN-helix motif from the Trypanozoon protein destabilized both the specific motif and the protein, while mutations at positions T239 and Y240, on the contrary, stabilized the motif and the protein. These results suggested that the αN-helix motif from the Trypanozoon protein probably possessed a different evolutionary path than its Leishmania and mammalian counterparts. Moreover, finding stabilizing mutations can be used for the design of novel inhibitory peptides on the basis of the αN-helix motif from the Trypanozoon PKA regulatory subunit-like protein.
Genetic mapping of the root-mycobiota in rice and its role in drought tolerance
Authors: Andreo-Jimenez Beatriz , Beest Dennis E. te , Kruijer Willem , Vannier Nathan , Kadam Niteen N. , Melandri Giovanni , Jagadish S. V. Krishna , Linden Gerard , Ruyter-Spira Carolien , Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe , Bouwmeester Harro J.
Published: February 2023

Background
Rice is the second most produced crop worldwide, but it is highly susceptible to drought-induced yield loss. Micro-organisms can potentially alleviate the negative effects of drought but how they are associated with their host is unclear. The aim of the present study was to unravel the genetic factors involved in this process, and whether it plays a role in rice drought tolerance.
Results
To achieve this, we characterized the composition of the root-mycobiota in 296 rice accessions (Oryza sativaL. subsp. indica), grown in the field under control and drought conditions. A Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) was used to identify marker-trait associations between rice Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers and root mycobiota. This resulted in the identification of ten significant (LOD > 4) SNPs associated with six root associated fungi and four significant SNPs associated with fungi-mediated drought tolerance. The analysis of the genes underlying the loci of the significant marker-trait associations identified a priori candidates including genes known to be involved in pathogen defense, abiotic stress responses and cell-wall remodeling processes.
Conclusion
Our study shows that the rice genetics affects the recruitment of fungi, some of which affect yield under drought, and provides candidate gene targets for breeding to improve rice-fungal interactions and drought tolerance.
The anatomical therapeutic chemical classification is flexible enough to describe the innovation in biotechnological drugs?
Authors: Drago Filippo , Gozzo Lucia , Minghetti Paola , Polidori Piera , Faggiano Maria Ernestina , Bartolini Fausto , Lopatriello Stefania , Putignano Daria , Molinari Angelo Claudio , De Cristofaro Raimondo , Sacco Monica , Amoroso Claudio , Cafiero Davide
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVES:
The Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical Classification (ATC) - defined by the WHO as a “tool for drug utilization monitoring and research in order to improve quality of drug use” - codes active substances and groups them according to the target organ or system and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. However, the classification could include inconsistencies, mostly evident for biotechnological products, resulting in possible inappropriate use.
The work aimed at determining whether drugs (in particular biologics) are appropriately described by their ATC code,investigating evidence on their use and suggesting solutions to improve the classification pattern.
METHODS:
Twelve experts critically analyzed the ATC classification and proposed possible solutions. The results were summarized in statements, which were voted to reach a consensus through the Nominal Group Technique. Each expert voted on the statements, and the agreement was defined at 75% of the highest scores. Additionally, to investigate the use of ATC in scientific research, a literature review of its use was also performed.
RESULTS:
Based on a literature review, a total of 75 studies were analyzed; 99% concerned the appropriate use of ATC classification. Then, based on their experience, the experts identified the following inconsistencies in the ATC code: use of a single ATC code for more than one indication; lack of identification of differences among drug formulations deriving from their pharmacokinetic profile and differences attributable to further characteristics, beyond indication of use and mechanism of action (e.g., blood coagulation factors). Ten statements were identified: 5 regarding critical issues in the ATC code (structural limits at the ATC fifth code level; time-consuming, complex, imprecise coding request/modification procedure) and 5 possible solutions (telematic procedures to modernize the request/modification ATC code process; unique form to request/modify codes, specifying manufacturing process and reference to therapeutic equivalence among active principles; further levels beyond the V to differentiate drug peculiarities). Agreement among experts was reached for all statements.
CONCLUSIONS:
The ATC code classification pattern should be partially changed to incorporate the peculiarities of biotechnologies to promote their appropriate use.
Robotic colorectal resection in combination with a multimodal enhanced recovery program - Results of the first 100 cases
Authors: El-Ahmar Mohamad , Peters Franziska , Green Martina , Dietrich Melanie , Ristig Matthias , Ritz Jörg-Peter
Published: February 2023

Purpose: In Germany, colorectal robot-assisted surgery (RAS) has become common [1]. We investigated whether RAS can be extensively combined with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) in a large prospective patient group.
Methods: Using the DaVinci Xi surgical robot, all colorectal RAS from 09/2020 to 01/2022 were incorporated into our ERAS® program. Perioperative data were prospectively recorded using a data documentation system. The extent of resection, duration of the operation, intraoperative blood loss, conversion rate, and postoperative short-term results were analyzed. We documented the postoperative duration of Intermediate Care Unit (IMC) stay and major and minor complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification, anastomotic leak rate, reoperation rate, hospital-stay length, and ERAS® guideline adherence.
Results: One hundred patients (65 colon and 35 rectal resections) were included (median age: 69 years). The median durations of surgery were 167 min (colon resection) and 246 min (rectal resection). Postoperatively, four patients were IMC-treated (median stay: 1 day). In 92.5% of the colon and 88.6% of the rectum resections, no or minor complications occurred postoperatively. The anastomotic leak rate was 3.1% in colon and 5.7% in rectal resection. The reoperation rate was 7.7% (colon resection) and 11.4% (rectal resection). The hospital stay length was 5 days (colon resection) and 6.5 days (rectal resection). The ERAS® guideline adherence rate was 88% (colon resection) and 82.6% (rectal resection).
Conclusion: Patient perioperative therapy per the multimodal ERAS® concept is possible without any problems in colorectal RAS, leading to low morbidity and short hospital stays.
On the information obtained using Shannon's entropy through spin density
Authors: Flores-Gallegos Nelson
Published: February 2023

In this work, we analyze the reaction H2 + H using Shannon's entropy defined in terms of spin density in position and momentum spaces. We analyzed the changes in the trends obtained in terms of the first derivative of Shannon's entropy with respect to the electron number and with respect to spin density, in the first case, we show that this result is related to Fukui's function, while in the second case, we found that this derivative is related to the so-called generalized moments.
Classification of mild cognitive impairment using convolutional neural network based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy-derived neuroimaging biomarkers
Authors: Park Jin-Hyuck
Published: February 2023

Background
To date, early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has mainly depended on paper-based neuropsychological assessments. Recently, biomarkers for MCI detection has gained a lot of attention because of the low sensitivity of neuropsychological assessments. This study proposed the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-derived neuroimaging technique to identify MCI using convolutional neural network (CNN).
Methods
Eighty subjects with MCI and 142 healthy controls (HC) performed the 2-back task, and their oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were recorded during the task. CNN was applied to distinguish MCI from HC after training the CNN model with spatial features of brain images within the time window during 5–15 seconds. Thereafter, the 5-fold cross-validation approach then was used to evaluate the performance of CNN.
Results
Significant difference in averaged HbO2 values between MCI and HC groups were found, and the average accuracy of CNN was 95.71%. Specifically, the left DLPFC (98.62%) achieved a higher accuracy rate than the right DLPFC (92.86%).
Conclusion
These findings suggest that the fNIRS-derived neuroimaging technique based on the spatial feature could be a promising way for early detection of MCI.
Prevalence and associated factors of frailty among community dweller older adults living in Gondar town, northwest, Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study.
Authors: Takele Mihret Dejen , Sany Kedir , Getie Kefale , Imiru Dechasa , Jember Gashaw , Gobezie Melese , Abich Yohannes , Kibret Alemu Kassaw
Published: February 2023

Background: Frailty is a multidimensional geriatric condition that increases vulnerability to stressors, increases the risk of negative health outcomes, and lowers quality of life in older people. However, little attention has been paid to frailty in developing countries, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and identify the contributing factors of frailty.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April to June 2022. A total of 607 study participants were included using a single cluster sampling technique. Data was collected by interviewing the participants using a structured questionnaire, and a pretest was conducted. Tilburg frailty indicator was used to measure frailty among older adults. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, binary and multivariate logistic. Variables with a P-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Finally, variables with an odds ratio, a 95% confidence interval, and a P value less than 0.05 had a significant association were reported.
Results: In this study the overall prevalence of frailty among older adults was 39% (CI 95%, 35.51-43.1). Older age (AOR=6.26 CI (3.41-11.48), presence of two or more morbidity (AOR = 6.05 CI (3.51-10.43), activity of daily life dependency (AOR = 4.12 CI (2.49-6.80), and depression (AOR = 2.68 CI (1.55-4.63) were found to be significant factors.
Conclusion and recommendations: The prevalence of frailty was found to be remarkable, and we conclude that frailty should be recognized as a priority public health problem among older adults in the study area. Therefore, it is important to focus on educating the older adult population about healthy aging and orienting them on these modifiable risk factors should be considered to mitigate the problem.
Macroscopic entropy-increasing model for convection-diffusion problems
Authors: Lu Jinhua , Adams Nikolaus A.
Published: February 2023

The excellent numerical stability of the entropic lattice Boltzmann model proves that the entropy increase of the collision operator is of great importance for numerical stability. The present paper first introduces the local temperature gradient to construct a macroscopic entropy-increasing (MEI) process to replace the collision operator. Consequently, the MEI model for convection-diffusion problems is proposed by combining the MEI process and the thermal lattice Boltzmann equation (TLBE). It reveals how to achieve good numerical stability on a macroscopic scale using the entropy-increasing principle. Numerical investigations and von Neumann stability analyses prove that it can achieve excellent numerical stability and accuracy comparable with TLBE. The properties of the MEI model show that the good numerical stability of TLBE originates in the entropy increase of the collision step and the diffusion terms of the streaming step. In addition, the MEI model consists of only local algebraic operations and partial derivatives, which enables it to be easily solved on nonuniform meshes, whereas implementing TLBE on nonuniform meshes is relatively complicated.
Verkörperte Bildung durch die virtuelle Realität THE SHAPE OF US
Authors: Schwarz Marie Isabel , Mauersberger Anna
Published: February 2023

Ausgehend von den Verkörperungstheorien, einer aktuellen Theorieströmung, die die konstitutive Rolle des Körpers für sämtliche mentale Prozesse hervorhebt, wird im Beitrag zunächst die Theorie einer ‹Verkörperten Bildung› konturiert. Diese schliesst an grundlegende Konzepte aus Medienbildung, pädagogischer Phänomenologie und ästhetischer Bildungstheorie an, versteht sich aber als disziplinübergreifender Bildungsbegriff. Hierauf aufbauend wird Bildung durch immersive virtuelle Realität als eine Bildungspraktik im Paradigma der Verkörperung erst theoretisch beleuchtet und anschliessend an einem konkreten Beispiel, der immersiven virtuellen Realität THE SHAPE OF US (TSOU), empirisch evaluiert. TSOU wurde mit dem Anspruch entwickelt, dem politischen Bildungsthema ‹Klimakrise› durch ein körper- und emotionsgebundenes Medium zu begegnen. Die Anwendung wurde zunächst in einer experimentellen Phase an drei unterschiedlichen Schulen und schliesslich in einer konzeptuellen Phase an einer Darmstädter Gesamtschule in unterschiedlichen didaktischen Settings bei Schüler:innen der 8. und 10. Jahrgangsstufe im Unterricht eingesetzt. Es wurden zwei Interviews mit Expert:innen und 14 Audiofiles von Gruppendiskussionen zur qualitativ-rekonstruktiven Analyse der Lern-Lehr-Szenarien nach der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse dienen, trotz ihrer Limitationen, einerseits der bildungstheoretischen Ausdifferenzierung spezifischer Qualitäten und Bedingungen von verkörperten Bildungsprozessen durch immersive virtuelle Realität, andererseits konkreten gestaltungsorientierten Schlussfolgerungen zu deren didaktischem Einsatz im Schulunterricht.
THE SELF-RATED PRESTIGE BASED SOCIAL STATUS OF THE PEASANTS IN TWO VILLAGES OF BANGLADESH
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh., Shafikuzzaman Joarder Md.
Published: February 2023

Peasants usually lack financial, social, physical, and human capital in nearly every aspect of their lives. Many parts of the world depict them as a subjugated and low-status group. Many studies have found a correlation between peasants prestige-based social status and their degree of homogeneity as measured by objective class. Nevertheless, the association between objective class and social status may differ according to a persons subjective interpretation of social status. This study examines how peasants perceive their own social status, as well as how their income, land ownership, and educational attainment correlate with prestige-based social status. Two villages in TanoreUpazilaof Rajshahi, Bangladesh were selected as study villages. In this study, quantitative and qualitative data were combined to minimize the weaknesses of each data type and to improve their accuracy and validity. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the research problem, focus groups and pre-tested questionnaire surveys were conducted simultaneously. The results of the study indicate that even though peasants do not possess large farmland, higher income, or higher educational attainment, a significant number of respondents claim to be in the good or very good social status category. According to the survey, approximately 62% of the peasants rated their social status as good (53.70%) and very good (7.70%). A noteworthy finding is that only 3.80% of respondents ranked their social status as bad or very bad. Survey results indicate that 38.40% of respondents claim to be in the middle of the social status spectrum. Income, ownership of farmland, and educational attainment do not represent a strong association with the prestige-based social status of the peasantry. Rather, in settings where peasants cultivate their land, grow their own food, and provide food for others, they regard their occupation as more prestigious. Respondents reported that they scored highly in their occupation because they are not entirely dependent upon the market for their daily needs, especially for food. While there may be a degree of heterogeneity among peasants in terms of income, education, and occupation, they are still referred to as sons of the soil in general. Thus, the peasants appear to be homogenous, and they value their status as well.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF BIOCHAR TECHNOLOGY IN BENIN
Authors:   Laboratoire des Sciences de lIngenieur et de Mathematiques Appliquees, Universite Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingenierie et Mathematiques, B.P. 2282 Goho, Abomey, Benin., Godjo Thierry , Comlan Tossou Raoul ,   Laboratoire des Sciences de lIngenieur et de Mathematiques Appliquees, Universite Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingenierie et Mathematiques, B.P. 2282 Goho, Abomey, Benin., Nicodeme Atchade Mintode ,   Laboratoire des Sciences de lIngenieur et de Mathematiques Appliquees, Universite Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingenierie et Mathematiques, B.P. 2282 Goho, Abomey, Benin.
Published: February 2023

Fossil fuels are the primary sources of energy used in the world. They are polluting and detrimental to the environment. To meet this challenge, renewable energies with a better environmental footprint and that are inexhaustible have been developed. This is the case with biochar, an intriguing alternative to the unsustainable use of traditional energy (firewood, charcoal, and natural gas) in developing nations. Biochar is a clean and sustainable energy source. Unfortunately, this technology needs to be used more in Benin. In order to understand the low level of use of biochar in Benin, this research was carried out. A semi-directive survey of Benins biochar producers and consumers was conducted as the first step in the approach used to identify and analyze the factors that influence the adoption of biochar. The purposive sampling technique was used to select three towns in Benin republic with large populations and where biochar factories are located (Porto-Novo, Cotonou, and Abomey-Calavi). In the second step, the manufacturing process of biochars was analyzed. The findings showed that 56% of surveyed households had adopted biochar compared to 44% who had not. Low ignition and combustion, crumbling, and late delivery of biochars are factors in the need for more adoption. The reasons for the non-adoption are low ignition and combustion, crumbling, and late delivery of biochars.
RISK PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNIICLINICAL ISOLATES IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN HYDERABAD
Authors: P. Trilokhya , G. Pavani , K. Yazhini , Dass S. Manick
Published: February 2023

Introduction:Acinetobacter baumannii is a frequent cause of healthcare associated infections, has the ability to develop resistance to antibiotics quickly and survive in the hospital environment over a long period, posing a challenge in treatment and infection control. Risk profile and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii varies from place to place. Materials and methods: This study was conducted at a teaching hospital from January to December 2021. Relevant patient history regarding risk factors was taken. Acinetobacter baumannii identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing from clinical samples was performed using the VITEK 2 system. Results: Out of a total of 3000 clinical samples processed, Acinetobacter baumannii was isolated in 114 (3.8%) of them. 61% were from males and 39% from females.62.3% isolates were from medicine department and 23.5% from general surgery.66.6% of the samples were from ICUs. Isolation was highest from respiratory samples followed by blood. Resistance was highest to cephalosporins followed by quinolones. The associated risk factors were age >50 years, co-morbidities, mechanical ventilation, prior antibiotic usage, invasive medical and surgical procedures and ICU stay. Conclusion: 74.5% of the isolates were resistant to carbapenems, which combined with risk factors noted in the study, narrows the choice of antibiotics. Varied antimicrobial susceptibility pattens across regions due to multiple reasons suggests the need for knowing local resistance rates to antibiotics. Timely and stringent infection control practices and appropriate use of antibiotics can play a vital role in reducing the burden of resistant strains while conserving and limiting antibiotic use.
SELF ESTEEM OF GIRLS IN AN ORPHANAGE HOME: A COMMUNITY BASED CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, GMC Aurangabad., D. Mundada Vinod , K. Doibale Mohan ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Community Medicine, GMC Aurangabad., Suresh Anu ,   Junior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, GMC Aurangabad., Ahire Pradnya ,   Junior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, GMC Aurangabad., Roy Pooja ,   Junior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, GMC Aurangabad.
Published: February 2023

Background:Mental health of orphan children is important since they are exposed to additional stressors due to lack of proper care, separation from family, death of parents etc. All these make them more vulnerable to psychological disorders like low esteem. Aim of this study was to assess the self-esteem of girls staying in an orphanage home and to find out the relation of self-esteem and age. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in an orphanage of Aurangabad city after taking permission from concerned authorities. Cross sectional Study design was used. 240 orphan girls of age group 9 to 15 were selected and interviewed. For assessing self-esteem Rosenbergs self-esteem scale was used. Questions on socio demographic data were also included. Data were analysed using both descriptive (percentage, mean) and inferential statistical methods. Results: Among total 240 girls, 54 was found to have low self-esteem. Mean self-esteem score was observed to be 19. Mean age of children was 12.75. One way ANOVA test was used to analyse relationship between age and Self-esteem score and it was found to be significant (p value 0.025) and relationship between years spent in institution and self-esteem score was found to be significant (p value 0.002). Conclusion: The study revealed that 75% children were found to have good self-esteem. Statistical test revealed that there is significant relation with years spent in institution, age and self-esteem.
BROAD LIGAMENT FIBROID MIMICKING AS OVARIAN FIBROMA
Authors:   Post Graduate, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kurnool Medical College., Manogna L. , a Kavitha ,   Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kurnool Medical College.
Published: February 2023

Fibroid uterus is the most common benign tumor of uterus. Extrauterine fibroids are rare and most common extra uterine fibroid is broad ligament fibroid. Broad ligament fibroids are difficult to diagnose and treat. Most often misdiagnosed as ovarian malignancy. In our case ovarian fibroma was suspected and ultrasound pelvis,CT and MRI reports suggestive of ovarian fibroma. Intraoperative findings suggestive of Broad ligament fibroid, fibroid excision was done along with abdominal total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoo oophorectomy. Diagnosis was confirmed by intraoperative findings and histopathological report. Conclusion: broad ligament fibroid should kept as important differential diagnosis for solid adnexal or ovarian mass.
EVALUATION OF SEMEN SAMPLE PARAMETERS IN MALE INFERTILE SUBJECTS AND ITS CORRELATION WITHY CHROMOSOME MICRODELETION IN POPULATION OF DODA CITY, JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Authors: Deb Nath Sumit , Gupta Kiran , Sharma Rahul , Siddique Saqib
Published: February 2023

Introduction: More than half of reproductive difficulties cannot be attributed to female characteristics. A number of illnesses and conditions that may have an impact on male fertility have been found via recent research. A number of underlying diseases and health issues, as well as environmental variables, may contribute to male infertility. For a sexually active couple, infertility is diagnosed after a year of unsuccessful attempting to conceive. Infertility affects around 19% of couples who have trouble conceiving. Any and all racial and ethnic groups may feel at home within these parameters. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 100 infertile patients and 50 fertile subjects were use as controls. The sample will be obtained by masturbation and ejaculated into a clean and proper labeled, wide-mouthed container made of glass or plastic according to the rules laid down by WHO. Result and Conclusion: The sperm count in infertile and fertile subjects were 15.8 Â± 2.85 and 56.57 Â± 8.47 respectively, Motility 37.6Â±1.8and 54.4 Â±1.8, volume 2Â±0.8 and 2.6Â±0.1, viability 53.7Â±1.4 and 66Â±1.2. Out of 100 infertile patients 5 percent subjects had Y chromosomal microdeletions (5 samples of 100).
CLINICAL STUDY OF RETINAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION
Authors:   MS Gynae/Obs, Medical Officer, SDH, Chadoora, J&K., Fayaz Farhana , Shah Aamina ,   MS Opthalmology, Opthalmologist at Trauma Hospital Pattan, J&K., Rasool Aaliya ,   MS Opthalmology, Lecturer, Dept of Opthalmology, GMC, Srinagar, J&K.
Published: February 2023

Background:Pregnancy induced hypertension, is the commonest form of life-threatening complications of pregnancy. Pregnancy is described as the only physiological state in which most physiological parameters are abnormal. The anatomical, physiological and biochemical adaptations that take place in a woman during the short span of human pregnancy are profound. Compared with normotensive gravidas, patients with elevated blood pressure have significantly greater maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of hypertension associated with pregnancy are difficult to differentiate from those of hypertension independent of pregnancy. Objective: The objective of this study was to study the prevalence and risk factors of ocular fundus changes among pregnant women with PIH. Materials and Methods: A hospitalâ€based, crossâ€sectional study was carried out among 130 pregnantwomen with PIH. History of symptoms related to the eyes, age, and gravida was recorded. Torchlight was used to examine the anterior segment. One percentage of tropicamide was used to dilate pupils. Direct ophthalmoscope was used to examine the fundus. Blood pressure was measured as per the standard guidelines. Urine sample was taken to look for the presence of proteins in urine. Results: The majority belonged to 18 to 35years (50%) and the majority (54.6%) had gestational age >37 weeks. The majority (75.38%) had gestational hypertension. The prevalence of retinopathy among pregnant women with PIH was 13.7% Grade I retinopathy was most commonly seen in 7.7% of cases followed by Grade II retinopathy in 2.7% of the cases, grade 3 in 1.4% and grade 4 in 0.6%. one patient had exudative retinal detachment. Age was not found to be associated with retinopathy among pregnant women with PIH. The prevalence of retinopathy among women with preeclampsia was 31.7% and in eclampsia was 40 %, compared to only 7.07% in women with gestational hypertension and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The prevalence of retinopathy among women with blood pressure >150/100 mmHg was 45.4% compared to only 2.6% in women with bloodpressure<150/100 mmHg and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The prevalence of retinopathy among women with severe proteinuria (+++) was 66.6% compared to 44.5% in women with moderate proteinuria (++), 22.7% among women with mild proteinuria (+) and only 5.5% in women without proteinuria. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05) Conclusion: The prevalence of retinopathy among pregnant women with PIH was high. High blood pressure and severe proteinuria and preeclampsia were significantly associated with retinopathy.
JOKUMARASWAMI: FOLK DEITY OF RAIN, PROSPERITY, AND FERTILITY
Authors:   Research Scholar, ICSSR Fellow Department of Studies in Anthropology, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, Karnataka., Patil Ashok , Prabhakar S.C Jai ,   Assistant Professor Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research (CMDR), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Nagar, Near Y. Shettar Colony, Dharwad-580004, Karnataka., J. Karthik ,   Project Fellow, Anthropological Survey of India.
Published: February 2023

India is an ancient nation with diverse cultures, which are articulated and depicted through different tribes, communities, castes, and ethnic groups. Kabbaliga (Koli) and its associated communities are one of the ancient tribal groups found across the subcontinent of India under different names. Culturally and religiously, they are Hindus with diverse traditional beliefs systems and practices. They worship different deities, saints, philosophers, and personalities from different generations together. Jokumaraswami (commonly called Jokumara) is a popular folk deity of these associated communities in both the central and northernregions of Karnataka state. He is believed to be a deity of rain, agricultural prosperity, and well-being. There are numerous folk tales and songs on the origin of Jokumaraswami and his antecedents on earth. The study aims to know about the socio-cultural aspects of the Kabbaliga and its associated communities and the worship of folk deities in Karnataka. Anthropological techniques such as observation, participant observation, and informal interviews were used to gain a better understanding of these associated groups social and cultural lives.
RECURRENT PSEUDO-OBSTRUCTION OF THE LARGE BOWEL ASSOCIATED WITH SANJAD-SAKATI SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Hera General Hospital, Makkah, KSA., Yahya Murshid Mohsin , Alim Ansari Farrukh ,   Department of General Surgery, Hera General Hospital, Makkah, KSA.
Published: February 2023

Sanjad-Sakati Syndrome, also referred to as Hypoparathyroidism-Retardation-Dysmorphism Syndrome or Middle East Syndrome, was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 1988 and later in a definitive report by (Sanjad et al.) in 1991. It is a rare autosomal recessive condition reported almost exclusively in the Arab population. The condition is characterized by an extensive array of symptoms, including congenital hypoparathyroidism, severe growth and developmental retardation both intrauterine and post-natal, low Intelligence, seizures, and distinctive facial characteristics. We present an incidence of this disease characterized by repeated pseudo-obstruction. Electrolyte and metabolic disturbances, which are the cause of pseudo-obstruction of the intestine in this child, must be evaluated in order to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention, which may prove to be life threatening.
A CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON PALMOPLANTAR DERMATOSES
Authors:   Professor., Wali Vishal , Mrudula Eda ,   Post-Graduate, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, INDIA, 585105.
Published: February 2023

Background: Dermatoses affecting the palms and soles are more common in our day-to-day practice, because they are most frequently exposed to various allergens, mechanical stress and infectious agents than any other parts in our body. Apart from the diagnostic difficulties, few palmoplantar dermatoses cause great discomfort and disability and may also affect a persons livelihood. Aim:To study the clinical features and frequency of involvement of various palmoplantar dermatoses and their epidemiological aspects like age, sex distribution and occupation. Methodology:100 patients with palmoplantar dermatoses diagnosed clinically attending the OPD in our Department, from 1st March 2021â€“ 31st August 2022 were included in the study. Patients with complaints primarily pertaining to palms and soles with or without involvement of other body parts of all ages and both sexes were enrolled in the study. Investigations such as direct microscopic examination of scrapings, wet mount with potassium hydroxide, Woods lamp examination, patch testing and sample for biopsy was taken. After taking consent, a detailed history and clinical examination pertaining to the aim of the study was recorded and analysed. Results:A total of 100 patients were enrolled, among which 63 were males and 37 were females. The most common age group affected was 17-40 years. Seasonal variation was reported in 41% of patients. The most common symptom was pruritis. Eczema was the most common palmoplantar dermatoses, followed by psoriasis and fungal infections. Majority of patients had involvement of both palms and soles. Conclusion:Palmoplantar dermatoses are very frequently encountered in the dermatologic field. Early recognition of clinical symptoms and signs aids in diagnostic investigations and helps in appropriate and effective management of illness to improve the quality of life. This study highlights the need for comprehensive studies in palmoplantar dermatoses.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF INJURIES AMONG FATAL ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS (RTA) VICTIMS IN HAPUR, U.P.
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Rama Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur, UP., Sagar Ashok , Sharma Abhishek ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Rama Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur, UP., Chahal Priyanka ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Dr. SS Tantia Medical College, UP.
Published: February 2023

Road traffic accidents (RTA) are considered as a part of diseases of development because in developing countries, number of motor vehicles, environmental changes, increase in population density and pollution are increased day by day. The present study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, SIMS, Hapur, and included 256 cases of RTA. The aim of present study was to analyze the magnitude of deaths due to Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) and to provide epidemiological data, so that the preventive measures can be undertaken. The result showed that males were the predominant victims than females. Maximum number of cases belonged to age group of 21-30 years maximum victims were having head &neck injuries followed by upper and lower limb, chest and abdominal visceras. Present study suggests that RTAs can be reduced by improving road maintaining materials and quality, knowledge of engineering, well training to drivers in public service vehicles and personal both and follow driving rules , timely medical facilities and education of persons.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF INDIVIDUAL MORALITY AND AUDITOR PERCEPTIONS OF FRAUD TENDENCY: TESTING OF THE FRAUD PENTAGON THEORY APPROACH
Authors:   Master of Accounting, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia., Harjati Sri , a Reskino ,   UIN SyarifHidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia.
Published: February 2023

This study aims to examine the tendency of fraud to the perception of external auditors triggered by the five components of pentagon fraud: pressure, opportunity, arrogance, rationalization,and competence. In addition, the morality of the individual is placed as an intervention variable for this relationship. This is a quantitative study with a survey of external auditors at the BPK in Jakarta. The intervention model for the research framework was developed to investigate the role of individual morality interference. The findings suggest that the five components of the pentagons fraud theory are not fully proven to be fraud triggers in the perception of external auditors. Arrogance, rationalization, and competence have proven to have a positive effect on the perception of fraud tendencies, while pressure and opportunity have a negative impact on the perception of fraud tendencies. Then pressure, rationalization, and competence are shown to negatively impact individual morality, while opportunity and arrogance positively impact individual morality. In addition, 5 (five) variables in fraud pentagon theory, namely pressure, opportunity, arrogance, rationalization, and competence, are proven to prevent the perception of fraud tendency. This can be explained because this study is the first study to examine pentagon fraud in the context of behavior in the environment of government external auditors, so the results cannot be compared with previous studies that used proxies in financial statements as predictors of fraud.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF RECOGNIZING SERVICE USERS AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF NOTARY WHO DOES NOT PERFORM THE PRINCIPLE OF RECOGNIZING SERVICE USERS
Authors:   Master Student, Faculty of Law, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia., Nurhayati Irma , a Budiyono ,   Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia., Wasi Bintoro Rahadi ,   Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia., Wahyu Handayani Sri ,   Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia.
Published: February 2023

The notarys responsibility in carrying out his/her position relating to the principle of prudence in terms of identifying service users who commit criminal acts of document forgery is very important. The notary must first recognize the identity of the confronter by examining and paying attention to the original documents shown by the confronter. One of the documents is the Identity Card (KTP), or other documents that constitute formal identity.In relation to criminal offenses, notaries must be more careful in carrying out their positions, especially in recognizing service users. If the confronters have fulfilled all the formal requirements, these requirements are sufficient as a basis for the Notary to perform the legal actions desired by the confronters. Notaries are not burdened to seek material truth. However, when there are doubts about the documents required for the deed, the notary should seek the material truth of the documents. If there are doubts and errors in the documents brought by the confronters, the Notary should refuse to make an authentic deed, to achieve the principle of prudence in recognizing the confronters and to avoid disputes in the future.
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN POST-COVID-19 MUCORMYCOSIS PATIENTS
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of ENT,Jaipur National University Institute Of Medical Science And Research Centre, Jaipur., a Sumati , Gupta Dimple ,   Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research,New Delhi., Ambaliya Chirag ,   Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Govt Medical College, Bhavnagar., Ankur Abhinav ,   Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, Govt Medical College, Bhavnagar.
Published: February 2023

Background: This study aimed to examine the course of depression and anxiety in COVID-19 survivors with a psychiatric history compared with those without a psychiatric history. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey for COVID-19 survivors was conducted from July to September 2021. A total of 6016 COVID-19 survivors, the accuracy of whose responses was determined to be assured, were included in analyses. Exposures included psychiatric history and time since COVID-19 infection, and the main outcomes and measures included severity of depression and anxiety, as assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Results: Mean severity of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were significantly higher in participants with a psychiatric history than in those without a psychiatric history. Two-way analysis of covariance for PHQ-9 showed a significant main effect of the presence of psychiatric history and a significant interaction effect of psychiatric history Ã— time since infection. Two-way analysis of covariance for the GAD-7 score revealed a significant main effect of the presence of psychiatric history and time since COVID-19 infection and the interaction effect of these factors. Conclusions: The course of depression and anxiety was more severe in COVID-19 survivors with a psychiatric history than in those without a psychiatric history.