bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Program plus Chemotherapy on Quality of Life in Patients with Postoperative Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A study protocol of a multi-center randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yao JiaLin , Jiao Lijing , Lu Yan , Shi Jun , Li Jiaqi , Chen Peiqi , Yao Yiqing , Xu Ling , Gong Yabin
Published: October 2019

Background: Comprehensive rehabilitation therapy based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely applied in various cancer treatments in China. Thus far, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been shown to be effective in reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapy and improving the quality of life (QoL) during chemotherapy. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effects of CHM plus Liu Zi Jue (LZJ) exercises with CHM plus rehabilitation education and placebo plus rehabilitation education in patients who have undergone complete resection for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) followed by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods and design: A multi-center, randomized clinical trial will be performed with 354 stage Ib-IIIa NSCLC patients in 5 centers in China. Patients satisfying the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into 3 groups according to a 1:1:1 ratio, intervention group A (IGA), intervention group B (IGB) and control group (CG). Each group will receive adjuvant platinum-based doublet chemotherapy for a total of 4 cycles. IGA participants will receive chemotherapy combined with CHM and LZJ exercises, IGB participants will receive chemotherapy combined with CHM and rehabilitation education, and CG participants will receive chemotherapy combined with placebo and rehabilitation education. The herbal treatment patients will be given granules daily and LZJ exercises will be performed 4 times a week during chemotherapy. The primary outcome is QoL, which will be assessed with the EORTC (The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer)-QLQ-C43 scale each cycle. The secondary outcomes include the 2-year disease-free survival rate, disease-free survival (DFS), TCM symptoms, tumor markers, safety and adverse events. After treatment, the patients will be followed up every 3 months within 2 years and every 6 months after 2 years until disease recurrence and/or metastasis.
Discussion: Our previous study reported that CHM in combination with chemotherapy could lower the overall incidence of adverse events but increased digestive and gastrointestinal (GI) side effects compared with chemotherapy alone in postoperative NSCLC patients. This study will lay a foundation for the effectiveness of chemotherapy with or without a comprehensive rehabilitation program for QoL in patients with postoperative NSCLC.
Contributions of Vitamin D in the management of depressive symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Porto Catarina Magalhaes , Silva Tatiana de Paula Santana da , Sougey Everton Botelho
Published: October 2019

Background: Depression is a major cause of chronic disability throughout the world and an important cardiovascular risk factor, increasing the relative risk of coronary artery disease as well as rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Concomitant to the greater prevalence of depression, there has been a reduction in exposure to sunlight with the increase in urbanization and the use of sun block, which has led to a reduction in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Therefore, this paper describes a protocol for a clinical trial aimed at evaluating the effects of vitamin D supplementation on depression and cardiovascular risk factors to contribute evidence regarding the potential influence of supplementation in situations related to mood regulation. Methods: This protocol study was guided by the SPIRIT recommendations. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial will be conducted with 224 adults (age range: 18 to 59 years) with depression taking antidepressants with no history of vitamin D supplementation, psychiatric comorbidities, chronic kidney disease, hypercalcemia or neoplasm in care at psychiatric outpatient clinics of two universities in northeast Brazil. Eligible participants who provided written consent will be randomly designated to either the intervention group (n = 112; vitamin D supplementation – 50,000 IU per week for six months) or control group (n = 112; placebo taken weekly for six months). Measures for monitoring depressive symptoms, clinical trials and laboratory tests for evaluating cardiovascular risk factors and serum vitamin D levels will be performed before and after the intervention period. Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first clinical trial with the aim of testing the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation on the reduction in cardiovascular risk and as an adjuvant to depression therapy for a prolonged period (six months). The findings will contribute to the understanding of the therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on the management of depression and can help guide public policies directed toward vitamin supplementation for the reduction of cardiovascular risk. Trial registration: Proof: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/. Number: RBR-6yj8sj / UTN Number: U1111-1217-9237 (July 23, 2018)
Recruitment Effort and Costs from a Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial for Treating Depression in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Myers Barbara A , Pillay Yegan , Hornsby Guy , Shubrook Jay , Saha Chandan , Mather Kieren J. , Fitzpatrick Karen , de Groot Mary
Published: October 2019

Background Participant recruitment for clinical trials is a significant challenge for the scientific research community. Federal funding agencies have made continuation of funding of clinical trials contingent on meeting recruitment targets. It is incumbent on investigators to carefully set study recruitment timelines and resource needs to meet those goals as required under current funding mechanisms. This paper highlights the cost, labor, and barriers to recruitment for Program ACTVE II, a successful multi-site randomized controlled trial of behavioral treatments for depression in adults with type 2 diabetes, conducted in rural and urban settings in three states. Methods Quantitative and qualitative data on recruitment were gathered from study staff throughout the study recruitment period and were used to calculate costs and effort. The study utilized two main approaches to recruitment: 1.) relying on potential participants to see ads in the community and call a toll-free number, and 2.) direct phone calls to potential participants by study staff. Results Contact was attempted with 18,925 people to obtain the enrolled sample of 140. The cost of recruitment activities during the 4.5-year recruitment period totaled $190,056, an average cost of $1,358 per enrolled participant. Qualitative evaluations identified multiple barriers to recruitment. Conclusions Recruitment for Program ACTIVE II exemplifies the magnitude of resources needed to reach recruitment targets in the current era. Continuous evaluation, flexibility, and adaptation are required on the part of investigators, community partners, and funding agencies to successfully reach high risk populations in rural and urban areas.
Efficacy and safety of Dexmedetomidine for prevention of withdrawal syndrome in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: protocol for an adaptive, multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, non-profit clinical trial
Authors: Mondardini Maria Cristina , Sperotto Francesca , Daverio Marco , Caramelli Fabio , Gregori Dario , Caligiuri Maria Francesca , Vitale Francesca , Cecini Maria Teresa , Piastra Marco , Mancino Aldo , Pettenazzo Andrea , Conti Giorgio , Amigoni Angela
Published: October 2019

Background: Prolonged treatment with analgesic and sedative drugs in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) may lead to undesirable effects as dependence and tolerance. Moreover, during the analgosedation weaning patients may develop clinical signs of withdrawal, known as withdrawal syndrome (WS). Some studies indicated that dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenoceptors agonist, may be useful to prevent WS, but no clear evidences support this data. Aims of the present study are to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in reducing the occurrence of WS during the analgosedation weaning, and to clearly assess its safety.
Methods: We will perform an adaptive, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients <18 years receiving a continuous intravenous analgosedation treatment for at least 5 days and presenting with clinical conditions that allows the analgosedation weaning will be randomly assigned to treatment A (dexmedetomidine) or treatment B (placebo). The treatment will be started 24 hours before the analgosedation-weaning at 0.4 mcg/kg/h, increased of 0.2 mcg/kg/h per hour up to 0.8 mcg/Kg/h (neonate: 0.2 mcg/Kg/h, increased of 0.1 mcg/Kg/h per hour up to 0.4 mcg/Kg/h)and continued throughout the whole weaning-time. The primary endpoint is the efficacy of the treatment, defined by the reduction in WS rate among patients treated with dexmedetomidine comparing with patients treated with placebo. Safety will be assessed collecting any potentially-related adverse event. The sample size assuring a power of 90% is 77 patients for each group (N total=154 patients). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi of Bologna on 22 March 2017.
Discussion: The present trial will allow to clearly assess the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in reducing the occurrence of WS during the weaning of analgosedation drugs. In addition, the study will provide a unique insight into the safety profile of dexmedetomidine.
Trial registration: AIFA ID TIP-15-01.ClinicalTrials.govID NCT03645603, registered on 24 August 2018. Retrospectively registered on EudraCT with ID 2015-002114-80 on 2 Jan 2019.
Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-6 influence the development of hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Xia Caixia , Zhu Wei , Huang Chunhong , Lou Guohua , Ye Bingjue , Chen Feng , Chen Zhi , Liu Yanning , zheng min
Published: October 2019

Background

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in chronic inflammation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of IL-6 polymorphisms on predicting the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-r elated liver cirrhosis.Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyse IL-6 polymorphisms and serum levels of IL-6 in HBV-infected patients at different clinical phases and in healthy controls. IL-6 polymorphisms were detected by the TaqMan PCR method, and plasma IL-6 levels were assessed by ELISA.Results

Our analysis included 182 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 190 HBV-infected liver cirrhosis cases, 125 inactive HBsAg carriers, and 246 healthy controls. Seven SNPs in IL-6 including rs10499563, rs17147230, rs1800796, rs2069837, rs1524107, rs2066992, and rs2069852 were analysed. In a haplotype analysis between HBV-infected liver cirrhosis cases and CHB patients, inactive HBV carriers or healthy controls, haplotype CT in block 1 and haplotype GGCGG in block 2 were associated with liver cirrhosis (P<0.05). Moreover, the genotype or allele frequencies were significantly different in IL-6 rs10499563 and rs2069837 when HBV-infected liver cirrhosis patients were compared with CHB patients, inactive HBV carriers or healthy controls. A further study found that compared with that in the healthy controls, inactive HBV carriers or CHB patients, plasma IL-6 was elevated in HBV-infected liver cirrhosis patients (P<0.05).Conclusion

In conclusion, the IL-6 rs10499563 and rs2069837 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to liver cirrhosis may through their effects on IL-6 expression and these two single nucleotide polymorphisms can be used as potential prognostic markers of HBV-related liver cirrhosis.
The effect of Spinal Manipulative Therapy on Heart Rate Variability and pain in patients with chronic neck pain: A Randomized Controlled trial
Authors: Bakken Anders Galaasen , Eklund Andreas , O'neill Sören , Axén Iben
Published: October 2019

Background Recent experimental research has suggested that Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) may reduce pain through modulation of the ascending pain signals and/or the central pain regulating mechanisms. People with persistent neck pain (NP) have also been found to have disturbances in Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) regulation. A common way to study ANS is to measure heart rate variability (HRV). It is not known if deviations in HRV are related to changes in pain perception or to the treatment response to SMT. Commonly, an individual in pain will experience pain reduction when exposed to a second pain stimulus, a mechanism known as Conditioning Pain Modulation (CPM). Patients with persistent pain have been found to have a reduced CPM reaction. It is not known if this is predictive of treatment response to SMT. The aim of the study is to examine the effects of SMT on HRV and pain and to test if a CPM test can be used to predict treatment response, in a population of patients with recurrent and persistent NP. Method/Design A multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial will be carried out in multidisciplinary primary care clinics. This setting is chosen to minimize bias resulting from patient preference to treatment modality and provider. The subjects are either self-referred or referred from other health care practitioners locally. The treatment modalities are two well-known interventions for NP; SMT and stretching exercises compared to stretching exercises alone. The subjective pain experience will be investigated by assessing pain intensity and the affective quality of pain. HRV will be measured using a portable heart monitor and CPM will be measured with a standardized cold-pressor-test. Measurements will be performed at baseline, prior to the third treatment and after the fourth treatment. Discussion The study will utilize normal clinical procedures, which should aid transferability and external validity of the results. The study will provide knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms of the effects of SMT. Furthermore, the study will examine if a CPM test is predictive of treatment outcome in a population of patients with recurrent and persistent NP.
Purtscher-like retinopathy presented a honeycomb-like pattern in optical coherence topography angiography
Authors: Li Bing , Chen Youxin , Li Donghui
Published: October 2019

Background: To report a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy (PUR) and the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) findings before and after treatment. Case presentation: A 65-year-old male presented with acute onset of vision loss for 2 weeks. Fundus examination revealed cotton-wool spots, retinal haemorrhage, and Purtscher flecken spread around the optic disc in the right eye. He was diagnosed with Purtscher-like retinopathy because he lacked any traumatic medical history. OCT presented some band-like hyperreflective lesions at the inner nuclear layer, which are indicative of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). OCT-A revealed apparent reduction in blood flow signal at the deep retina and choriocapillaris layers with a honeycomb-like hypointense signal pattern. After 3 months of follow-up, OCT revealed resolution of retinal oedema, but PAMM lesions remained visible. Based on OCT-A, the honeycomb-like pattern turned into a homogeneous reduction in blood flow with small patches of hypointense signal areas in the choriocapillaris. Conclusion: This case presented a new OCT-A sign in PUR with a honeycomb-like hypointense signal at the choriocapillaris layer, indicating the involvement and ischaemia of the choroid during the pathological process.
Molecular characterization of human isolates of Strongyloides stercoralis and Rhabditis spp. based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1)
Authors: Tehrani Mandana Fadaei , Sharifdini Meysam , Zahabiun Farzaneh , Latifi Robabeh , Kia Eshrat bigom
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Due to the similarity of Strongyloides stercoralis with free-living nematodes of Rhabditis species they might be miss-diagnosed with each other in microscopical examination of stool samples. The aim of this study was molecular characterization and differentiation of human derived isolates of S. stercoralis and Rhabditis species based on the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox1 ) amplification.
Methods: Using parasitological methods, ten isolates of S. stercoralis and three isolates of Rhabditis spp. were obtained from fresh stool samples of patients and the genomic DNA of the samples were extracted. PCR amplification of cox1 gene was carried out for all the isolates and the products were sequenced.
Results: The phylogenetic analysis illustrated that S. stercoralis and Rhabditis spp. isolates were placed in two distinguishable separate clades. Inter-species genetic variation between isolates of S. stercoralis and Rhabditis spp . were ranged from 13.5 to 14.5%.
Conclusions: Cox1 gene was a suitable marker for discrimination of S. stercoralis from Rhabditis spp. retrieved from human in the current study. The availability of gene sequence information will be helpful in the future development and validation of discriminatory PCR-based assays of these nematodes.
Therapeutic effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on form-deprived amblyopic kittens
Authors: Li Bo , Zou Yunchun , Li Liwen , Deng Hongwei , Mi Wei , Wang Xing , Yin Ximin
Published: October 2019

Background : Exploring the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the lateral geniculate body (LGBd) in visual development and studying the therapeutic effect of VIP on amblyopic kittens.
Methods: Three-week-old domestic cats were divided into a control group (n = 10) and a monocular deprivation group (n = 20), with an eye mask covering the right eye of those in the deprived group. After pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) recording confirmed the formation of monocular amblyopia, the left LGBd was isolated from 5 kittens in each group. The remaining control kittens continued to be raised, and the remaining deprivation group was divided into a VIP intervention group (n = 5), Sefsol (caprylic acid monoglyceride, VIP solution) intervention group (n = 5) and amblyopia non-intervention group (n = 5) after removal of the eye mask. Three weeks later, PVEPs, VIP immunohistochemistry and VIP mRNA expression in the left LGBd were compared across groups.
Results: At 6 weeks of age, there were significant differences in P100 wave latency and amplitude and VIP immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization between the control group and the deprivation group (P < 0.05). After 3 weeks of the corresponding interventions, the latency and amplitude in the VIP intervention group were better than that in the Sefsol intervention group and amblyopia non-intervention group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, VIP treatment increased the number of immunohistochemical VIP-positive cells (P < 0.05) and the average optical density of positive cells (P > 0.05), as well as the number (P < 0.05) and average optical density of VIP mRNA-positive cells (P < 0.05).
Conclusion s : VIP plays an important role in visual development. Nasal administration of VIP can improve the function of neurons in the LGBd of kittens and has a certain therapeutic effect on amblyopia.
Water-saving irrigation practices for rice yield information and nitrogen use efficiency under sub-tropical monsoon climate
Authors: Huabin Zheng , Wei Zhou , Qimin Chen , Yuanwei Chen , Qiyuan Tang
Published: October 2019

Simple and practical water-saving irrigation practices (WIP) with nitrogen-reduction are beneficial to the development of rice cultivation technology with promotion of resource-conservation and environmental friendliness. The effects of WIP with nitrogen-reduction on population quality, annual yield and nitrogen use efficiency were studied by a field experiment. WIP could maintain or increase the annual yield of rice production models. The highest annual yield of more-water-saving irrigation practice (WIP150) was 8.42 t hm−2 for the double-season rice production model and 12.71 t hm−2 for the ratoon rice production model, respectively. Compared with non-application of nitrogen, the annual yield of nitrogen-reducing practice (NRP) and farms' fertilizer practice (FFP) increased significantly (p < 0.01), while a non-significant difference of annual yield between the FFP and NRP was observed; the annual yield of the NRP and FFP was 9.73 and 10.02 t hm−2 of the double-season rice production model, and 12.84 and 14.34 t hm−2 of the ratoon rice production model, respectively. AEN, PEN, PFPN and RUEN of the NRP were higher than those of the FFP. Therefore, observing the change of water layer in the soil layer via a simple self-made PVC indicator tube, reducing about 20% nitrogen quantity was a feasible and simple cultivation technique for water-saving and nitrogen-reduction in the rice production models.
Muitos caminhos da razão à civilização
Authors: De Oliveira Carlos Moisés
Published: October 2019

Na presente resenha exponho o pensamento de Nuria em seu livro A civilização como destino: Kant e as formas da reflexão, comentando os três capítulos dessa obra e demonstrando a profundidade e experiência da autora ao abordar o corpus kantiano.
Das possibilidades Hermenêutico-filosóficas para a Sociologia contemporânea
Authors: Cavalcanti Ribeiro Coutinho Sheyla Yvette
Published: October 2019

O fenômeno sociológico não se resume ao estudo da Sociologia, como uma área aplicada das Ciências Humanas. Esse trabalho questionará a fragilidade da clássica concepção tecnicista da Sociologia. Representar-se-á a sua questionabilidade essencial, onde perguntar é, sempre, ver as possibilidades de resposta. Analisar-se-á em que medida a hermenêutica de Gadamer, poderá servir ao escopo sociológico, questionando-se à hipervalorização da técnica e à satisfação das necessidades materiais (sociais) imediatas. O estudo possui como objetivo geral: Delinear o potencial sociológico da Hermenêutica Filosófica; como objetivos específicos: a) Investigar a análise existencial-ontológica da pessoa humana na Filosofia de Gadamer; b) Analisar a coerência do potencial sociológico, subjacente à Filosofia Hermenêutica, tornando-se questionável a 'objetividade' das ciências sociais e obsoleta a ideia de única interpretação correta, onde a experiência é a experiência da própria historicidade.
Sobre a vulnerabilidade da designação rígida: a crítica kuhniana à Teoria Causal da Referência
Authors: Ferreira Rodrigo Sabadin
Published: October 2019

A aplicação da Teoria Causal da referência à termos de espécies naturais é geralmente defendida com base em argumentos que pressupõem a legitimidade de experimentos mentais como o famoso 'Experimento da Terra Gêmea'. Essa espécie de argumento pressupõe que: (i) é possível distinguir entre propriedades acidentais e essenciais de espécies naturais e (ii) há um mundo no qual espécies naturais distintas partilham todas as suas propriedades acidentais, mas diferem em alguma propriedade essencial. Esse texto tem por objetivo defender uma interpretação da crítica de Thomas Kuhn à Teoria Causal baseada na recusa parcial de (i) e (ii) a partir da interpretação taxonômica de Ian Hacking da tese de incomensurabilidade entre teorias científicas. Nossa conclusão é que tal leitura permite recusar a recorrente afirmação encontrada na literatura de que a Teoria Causal refuta a tese de incomensurabilidade Kuhniana.
Targeting Inflammatory Mediators: An Anticancer Mechanism of Thymoquinone Action
Authors: Akter Zakia , Ahmed Faiza Rafa , Tania Mousumi , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman
Published: October 2019

Background:

Thymoquinone is a promising anticancer molecule, the chemopreventive role of which is well-known at least in vitro and in the animal model. In this review article, we focused on the anti-inflammatory activities of thymoquinone in cancer cells.

Method:

Research data on inflammation, cancer and thymoquinone were acquired from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. We reviewed papers published since the mid of the last century, and the most cited papers of the last ten years.

Results:

Studies indicate that thymoquinone possesses immunomodulatory activities, in addition to its chemopreventive role, as thymoquinone can target and modulate inflammatory molecules, like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κβ), interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and certain growth factors. As chronic inflammation plays an important role in cancer development, controlling inflammatory pathways is an important mechanism of an anticancer molecule, and modulation of inflammatory pathways might be one of the key mechanisms of thymoquinone’s anticancer activities.

Conclusion:

This article reviewed the role of inflammation on cancer development, and the action of thymoquinone on inflammatory molecules, which have been proved in vitro and in vivo. Much attention is required for studying the role of thymoquinone in immunotherapeutics and developing this molecule as a future anticancer drug.
Diabetic Theory in Anti-Alzheimer’s Drug Research and Development - Part 1: Therapeutic Potential of Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Jankowska Agnieszka , Wesołowska Anna , Pawłowski Maciej , Chłoń-Rzepa Grażyna
Published: October 2019

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that
affects over 46 million people worldwide. It is characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities, including
memory and thinking skills. AD patients also suffer from behavioral and psychological
symptoms of dementia of which depression is the most prevalent. Currently available drugs provide
modest symptomatic relief and do not reduce pathological hallmarks (senile plaques and neurofibrillary
tangles) and neuroinflammation, both of which are integral parts of AD. Studies suggest that AD
is a type of diabetes manifested in the brain. Although AD and diabetes are currently classified as
separate disease entities, they share common pathophysiological mechanisms, one of them is an increased
level of cytokines involved in the inflammation and the regulation of metabolic, regenerative,
and neural processes. The purpose of this review was to update the most recent reports on the discovery
and development of antidiabetic agents as promising drugs for the symptomatic and diseasemodifying
treatment of AD. We collected the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, and recent reports
from clinical trials suggesting the utility of antidiabetic agents in memory-enhancing therapy of AD.
Their beneficial effects on chronic neuroinflammation, pathological hallmarks, and neuropsychiatric
symptoms co-occurring with cognitive deficits are also presented. Antidiabetic agents refer to the
diabetic and inflammatory hypotheses of AD and provide hope to find an effective drug for comprehensive
therapy of the disease.
In vitro Gastrointestinal Models for Prebiotic Carbohydrates: A Critical Review
Authors: Hernandez-Hernandez Oswaldo
Published: October 2019

Background:

In the last decade, various consortia and companies have created standardized digestion
protocols and gastrointestinal simulators, such as the protocol proposed by the INFOGEST Consortium, the simulator
SHIME, the simulator simgi®, the TIM, etc. Most of them claim to simulate the entire human gastrointestinal
tract. However, few results have been reported on the use of these systems with potential prebiotic carbohydrates.

Methods:

This critical review addresses the existing data on the analysis of prebiotic carbohydrates by different in
vitro gastrointestinal simulators, the lack of parameters that could affect the results, and recommendations for
their enhancement.

Results:

According to the reviewed data, there is a lack of a realistic approximation of the small intestinal conditions,
mainly because of the absence of hydrolytic conditions, such as the presence of small intestinal brush border
carbohydrases that can affect the digestibility of different carbohydrates, including prebiotics.

Conclusion:

There is a necessity to standardize and enhance the small intestine simulators to study the in vitro
digestibility of carbohydrates.
Geospatial analysis and assessment of garden soil contamination in New York City
Authors: Paltseva Anna Alexandrovna , Cheng Zhongqi
Published: October 2019

Elevated trace metal concentrations, in particular, lead (Pb), are prevalent in urban soils and it is one of the main hurdles for urban agriculture. The growing popularity of gardening in urban areas could also mean increased public health risk. In this study, the spatial distribution of Pb in New York City gardens was analyzed and visualized by Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. Pollution level and ecological risks of gardens and overall New York City (NYC) were evaluated with different indices. The degree of the contamination factors was ranked as follows: Pb >Cu > Zn > Cr>As>Ni>Cd. The single ecological risk index and potential ecological index indicated that Pb had moderate to significantly high risk to the local garden ecosystems. Based on the pollution load index, soil quality of the majority of NYC gardens were characterized as polluted. Geostatistical, geoprocessing, and spatial tools were used to create color-coded maps to support decision making related to gardening and to estimate potential human health risks from gardening, living, or working in/or near these gardens. These findings have important implications for the development of pollution prevention and mitigation strategies to reduce public health risk from garden soil trace metal contamination.
LC50 determination and intoxication symptoms of a new pyridine carboxamide pesticide Flonicamid on common carp Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Ghelichpour Melika , Mirghaed Ali Taheri , Jimenez Amalia Perez
Published: October 2019

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the lethal toxicity and stress signs of Flonicamid toward juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). The 96 h LC50 values, determined 43.17 mgL-1 by probit analysis in a semi-static system. LC50 24, 48 and 72 h were 47.54, 41.83 and 43.51 mgL-1, respectively. Behavioral changes include hyperexcitement, erratic swimming, dark coloration, loss of equilibrium and lethargy were observed with different intensities. Consequently, mortality rate, stress signs and behavioral changes observed in response to the Flonicamid are dependent to dose and time exposure.
REALITIES OF THE MIGRATION PROCESS IN RUSSIA: QUANTITATIVE “PROS” AND QUALITATIVE “CONS”
Authors: Karadje Tatiana V , Tombu Dina V
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the features of immigration and emigration flows in Russia, their quality indicators. There is a mismatch in the distribution of labor migrants in the country regions, as well as the intellectual and professional characteristics of immigration and emigration flows are being analyzed. The authors pay great attention to the main modern trends of migration processes in Russia and problems of migration’s regulation.
POLITICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE UNITED STATES: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
Authors: Burda Mikhail A , Shevchenko Ekaterina S
Published: October 2019

One of the big-league participants in major international processes, the US government defines the current agenda of the modern world order, steers the vector of international relations development and affects the distribution of power on the global political arena. A supporter of the Non-Institutionalized Global Governance concept and the idea of Rule of Law, American administration demonstrates its own, specific understanding of the goals and course of action of modern international legislation. It seems to have its own insight on the nature and order of international organizations in regards to formulation and adoption of international law, the US role in determining the key features of global law enforcement, as well as the standards and principles of implementation of international law in the US federal legislation. Despite the recent tendency of the US government to roll back from participation in IO projects and revision of a number of agreements within the framework of interstate cooperation, the United States not only succeeds, one way or another, in guiding the trends of global political development, but also continues to have an impact on the interpretation and application of international law. The given article looks at the status of international law in the American legal system, focuses on the participation of the United States in proposition, discussion and adoption of conventions, declarations, agreements and other documents within the framework of the UN, and determines the main directions, according to which American jurisdiction implements international legal doctrines. The current research also brings a focus on specific issues, problems, relations, and contacts regulated at the international level but not implemented by the US federal legislation. The article analyzes political aspects of formulation and adoption of legal rules by American public administration, which are meant to supplement and specify the dominant principles of international sources of law.
CHINESE PERCEPTION OF INDO]US NEXUS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CHINA IN SOUTH ASIAN REGION (Brief Overview)
Authors: Nisar Rana Danish
Published: October 2019

After the collapse of the USSR, the US changed its policies, shifted its priorities and started viewing China’s economic emergence as a great threat to US interests. Due to the rapid economic growth and military development, the People’s Republic of China has become a rival for the US in the global arena. Meanwhile, as the US is reshaping its policy in accordance with the modern geopolitical reality, it starts regarding India as a powerful ally for holding China back. The close rapport between India and the USA is being established on the account of economic liaisons and combined efforts against security threats. Currently, India and the US are redefining their affiliations and building a potent nexus to secure their common interests, particularly in keeping China at bay. The formation of amicable Indo-US relations has resulted in the collective agenda for achieving the two countries’ common objectives in Asia. According to A. Tellis, the two foremost strategic goals of the two countries in Asia are: firstly, to contain the growing influence of China in Asia and its adjacent territories and establish Indian hegemony in the region; secondly, to promote friendly relations with other major actors in the region in order to garner support for India. The two countries’ strategic plan towards China is to isolate the country from the rest of the region. The presence of the US naval forces in the Indian Ocean and recent military exercises in Malabar have increased the US-India ties and have helped to establish control over Chinese naval and trade routes and sea lines of communication. Senior US officials have openly declared their intentions of strategic containment of China. As was noted by one of India’s leading political analysts John Cheian, “Washington’s primary goal is developing alliance with India in order to contain China”. The given article presents an outlook on the Chinese perception of the US-India nexus.
THE PROJECT «ICE SILK ROAD» WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE INITIATIVE «ONE BELT AND ONE ROAD» AS THE REALIZATION OF THE INTERESTS OF RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE ARCTIC REGION
Authors: Mikhaylichenko Kristina M
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the place and importance of the Arctic region and the Northern Sea Route on the geopolitical map of the world. The author defines the interests of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the Arctic, characterizes the project “Ice Silk Road” within the framework of the initiative “One Belt and One Road”, analyzes the existing Russian-Chinese cooperation and identifies the most promising areas of cooperation. The author comes to the conclusion about the global potential of the Arctic cooperation between the two countries.
poético na comunicação ambiental
Authors: Gabriel Gisele , Carlos Silva Míriam Cristina
Published: October 2019

Pretendemos compreender o possível papel da poesia nas narrativas ambientais, visto que esse entrelaçamento narrativo, constituído a partir de estratégias memoráveis, pode ser “consumido” com o intuito de repensar e promover valores para a convivência em sociedade, levando-se em conta que somos ao mesmo tempo cultura e natureza. Para isso, empregamos a poeticidade, de Paz; o erotismo poético, de Silva; a antropofagia, de Oswald de Andrade; a complexidade, de Morin; a narrativa, de Benjamin; a comunicação, de Flusser, e a liquidez da sociedade moderna, de Bauman. Sob as perspectivas de Baitello e Dravet, respectivamente, refletimos a construção de uma comunicação que se realize por meio da poesia. E com Flusser, compreendemos o espaço que a comunicação ocupa em nossas vidas, que é o de buscar sentido e não sucumbir à loucura diante da angústia e da consciência da morte. O poético pode ser a chave sensível a produzir afeto e mudar o real.
ENTOLOMA MOUGEOTİİ (Fr.) Hesler: A NEW RECORD FOR TURKISH MYCOTA FROM KÖYCEĞİZ PROVINCE
Authors: DEMİREL Gizem Nur , ALLI Hakan , BABAYEVA Anara , DİBEK Esra , ÇÖL Bekir
Published: October 2019

In this study, Entoloma mougeotii (Fr.) Hesler is
presented as a new record for the first time from Turkey. Within the scope of
study, both morphological features were determined and ITS gene of this species
was sequenced. Photographs, location, habitat and ecological characteristics of
this species and a phylogenetic tree based on its ITS (internal transcribed
spacer region of rDNA) gene region are obtained and taxonomic details regarding
the species are discussed.
El rol del contador público en México ante la nueva contabilidad electrónica
Authors: Castañeda Barrera María del Consuelo , Pérez Paredes Alfredo , Velasquez de la Rosa Ylda Celia , Candía Díaz María del Rosario
Published: October 2019

Ante las constantes y determinantes  reformas fiscales, hoy por hoy, es responsabilidad social del Contador Público analizar e informar al empresario el verdadero impacto financiero de la contabilidad electrónica, en virtud de que el fisco, a fin de lograr mayor eficiencia en sus procedimientos de comprobación y garantizar la veracidad del pago de impuestos de los contribuyentes cautivos, determinado anteriormente de forma libre por el contador público, actualmente la autoridad fiscal en México, ha impuesto nuevas bases eliminando  ahora más que nunca gastos, inversiones y costos que  a su juicio, sean ajenos a la actividad normal de la empresa, ha reformado regímenes tributarios,  nuevas formas de facturación electrónica, y algunas otras disposiciones que afectan al contribuyente cautivo considerablemente en el aspecto financiero.

El objetivo es comentar aspectos financieros relevantes que impactan en la empresa con la obligación de llevar la contabilidad de manera electrónica y la importancia de esta en la toma de decisiones de negocios. Debido a la importancia que reviste la contabilidad electrónica, resulta imprescindible presupuestar operaciones de compras, ventas, gastos y utilidades, además de revisar y validad todos los documentos digitales observando requisitos fiscales y contar con los archivos respectivos, así como documentar las operaciones, expidiendo y recabando los comprobante fiscales digitales de las transacciones económicas de compra, venta, gastos y nominas en formatos XML.
Percepción de microempresarios poblanos ante el funcionamiento del Instituto Nacional del Emprendedor como política pública
Authors: Pérez Paredes Alfredo , Cruz de los Ángeles José Aurelio , Torralba Flores Amado
Published: October 2019

El fenómeno emprendedor ha tomado mayor importancia en los últimos años y es por ello muy importante que los diferentes órdenes de gobierno de cualquier nación, asuma una postura responsable ante este hecho, sobre todo, cuando se identifican cuáles son las principales características y motivaciones que tienen los emprendedores para iniciar una empresa, lo que permite tener una radiografía de cuáles son los requerimientos para que las personas decidan emprender y las que ya lo lograron puedan mantenerse y poder crecer y es por ello que las políticas públicas implementadas para tal fin, cobran una mayor importancia, sobre todo en aquellos países que se encuentran en vías de desarrollo como lo es México.      Lo anterior, permite reflexionar la relevancia que tiene el que los emprendedores que han identificado una buena idea de inversión y los empresarios ya establecidos requieren de un apoyo por lo regular de tipo financiero, que les permita generar condiciones de competitividad y adaptación a los nuevos entornos económicos y sociales, que provocan que los empresarios tengan que ser más innovadores y creativos.      Por ello el presente trabajo de investigación busca analizar cómo perciben los empresarios sobre todos los de tamaño micro y pequeño en el municipio de Puebla en México, una de las políticas públicas implementadas por el actual Gobierno Federal denominado Instituto Nacional del Emprendedor (INADEM), considerando que dos de los objetivos establecidos por este Instituto son: a) Promover un entorno jurídico y reglamentario propicio para el desarrollo de Emprendedores y MIPYMES
The Effect of Performance Reporting Frequency on Employee Performance
Authors: Hecht Gary , Hobson Jessen L. , Wang Laura W.
Published: October 2019

Conventional wisdom suggests that frequent performance reporting is beneficial for decision making, as it can enhance timeliness and usefulness of the reported information for decision making. We investigate a potential motivational cost of frequent performance reporting. Using goal orientation theory, we predict and find that frequent performance reporting has negative motivational and performance implications when employees know or assume that the information they report will be used to evaluate their task-related skill. Our theory and results suggest that organizations need to balance the informational benefits and motivational costs of frequent reporting when designing their performance reporting systems. In addition, our theory and results can help organizations begin to design solutions that take advantage of the informational advantage of frequent reporting while minimizing its motivational costs.
Experimental investigations on spatial and temporal laser irradiations in pulsed laser forming of thin metal sheets
Authors: Maji Kuntal
Published: October 2019

This article presents investigations on temporal- and spatial-pulsed laser irradiations on thermal sheet forming of 304 austenitic stainless steel sheets using a fiber laser. A response surface model was developed to predict deformations of thin sheets irradiated by a pulsed laser considering laser power, scan speed, spot diameter, pulse frequency, and duty cycle as inputs based on experimental data obtained following a central composite design of experiments. The results showed that bending deformation increased with increasing laser power and duty cycle and with decreasing scan speed and spot diameter. However, an optimum value of the pulse frequency was found for maximum deformation. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-based models were also employed to predict deformations in pulsed laser forming. The prediction accuracy of the developed models was found to be good. Then, the desirability function approach of an optimization technique was employed to determine the optimum process parameters corresponding to maximum and minimum deformations. A comparison of the pulse and continuous wave mode of laser forming for constant laser energy input revealed that the pulsed mode of laser forming is more effective in terms of generating a larger amount of deformation for both two- and three-dimensional shapes forming. Pulsed laser formed samples with surface melting were found with modified finer grain microstructures which could be beneficial for specific applications.
Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del recién nacido
Authors: Obregón Miguel
Published: October 2019

El recien nacido con dificultad para respirar, se constituye en un reto clinico tanto por el diagnóstico como en el manejo, pues puede presentarse en el marco de tres patologías que incluso pueden sobreponerse la una con la otra o aparecer concomitantemente, estas son Taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido (TTRn), Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (SDR) e Hipertensión pulmonar persistente (HPP); esta revisión bibliográfica pretende entregar claves en la fisiopatología, aproximación diagnóstica y manejo inicial para los médicos en emergencia, salas de parto y en el sector rural donde se atienden partos.
THE USE OF RUBBER BALL MEDIA TO INCREASE BASKETBALL SHOOTING SKILLS
Authors: IQBAL RAHMAT IQBAL
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAK

Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi yang jelas dan akurat mengenai penerapan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan bola karet sebagai media belajar, dapat meningkatkan kemampuan shooting bola basket pada mahasiswa PJKR kelas D semester 2 Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen. Tentang metode eksperimen, Arikunto (2002:03) menjelaskan bahwa: “eksperimen adalah suatu cara untuk mencari hubungan sebab akibat (hubungan kausal) antara factor yang sengaja ditimbulkan oleh peneliti dengan mengeliminir/mengurangi atau menyisihkan faktor-faktor yang mengganggu”. Dalam penelitian ini variable yang dicobakan yaitu pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media bola karet dan shooting bola basket. Berdasarkan hasil belajar mahasiswa PJKR D pada siklus I nilai rata-rata kelas pembelajaran kemampuan shooting bola basket adalah 22,59 (58,8%) dan pada siklus II adalah 26,00 (94,1%). Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar kemampuan shooting menggunakan media bola karet. Berdasrkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan bola karet dapat menarik minat Mahasiswa PJKR bermain bola basket. Dosen PJKR agar dapat memodifikasi cara mengajar yang sudah ada agar minat Mahasiswa PJKR dapat lebih meningkat sehingga Dosen sebagai tenaga pengajar dapat lebih mudah menyampaikan materi yang ada. Dengan melihat hasil pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani yang dimodifikasi, tentunya bisa dikembangkan dengan pendekatan pembelajaran lainnya.
Women Position Based on Interpetation of QS. At Taubah Verse 71, QS. An Nahl Verse 58-59, QS. Al-Israâ€™ Verse 70, and QS. Ali Imran Verse 195
Authors: Zenudin Nur Fadilah
Published: October 2019

These verses explain about completing of law which is relating with struggle of seeking, deepening and applying knowledge. The goals from people who deepen religious knowledge are because of they want to guide all of Islamic people, teach them and give advice to them about the consequence of stupidity and not apply what they know. Hopefully, they will afraid to Allah SWT and do careful in all of bad things, beside into all of Islamic people understand in their religion and able to spread for all of people. From several verses, those explained that between man and woman should get the same education. Education is not just for man or woman only but for both (all of them). And in the class, there is nothing discrimination between man and woman. Woman has same position with man in education. It means that man and woman have same right and obligation in education.