bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Результаты археологических работ на правобережном Цимлянском городище в 2020-2022 гг.: находки и материалы
Authors: Владимиров Сергей Игоревич
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена анализу археологических находок, полученных в результате работ на Правобережном Цимлянском городище в 2020–2022 гг. За три года была исследована площадь 105,6 кв.м, с внутренней стороны примыкавшая восточной, утраченной стене крепости. Массовым материалом на исследованном участке стали фрагменты керамики, преимущественно кухонной посуды, относящейся к салтово-маяцкой археологической культуре. Остатки столовой и импортной посуды (амфоры, ойнохои) обнаружены значительно реже. Также обнаружена строительная керамика, представленная несколькими видами находок: обожжённые кирпичи квадратной и близкой ей формы, плитка, калиптеры и керамиды. К находкам строительных материалов относятся кусочки штукатурки и фрагменты стеновых блоков с бороздами, на одном из которых зафиксированы следы штукатурки с краской. Индивидуальные находки немногочисленны: пряслице из стенки сосуда и металлическое изделие неясного назначения. Единичные находки на памятнике относятся к эпохе поздней бронзы.
Применение алгоритма мультимасштабного интегрального инварианта при исследовании амфорных клейм
Authors: Свойский Юрий Михайлович , Ольховский Сергей Валерьевич , Романенко Екатерина Васильевна , Зайцев Антон Витальевич , Гирич Анна Павловна
Published: December 2024

При изучении эпиграфических памятников, в том числе амфорных клейм, нередко возникает задача прочтения и информативной публикации надписей плохой сохранности. Настоящая статья посвящена применению алгоритма мультимасштабного интегрального инварианта (Multiscale Integral Invariant, MSII) для изучения амфорных клейм. Алгоритм рассматривается в сопоставлении с другими способами математической визуализации геометрии трехмерной полигональной поверхности, примененных при работе с массивом из 359 амфорных клейм, найденных в ходе подводных археологических раскопок в Керченском проливе. В статье рассмотрены практические вопросы определения оптимальных параметров расчета для преобразования модели алгоритмом мультимасштабного интегрального инварианта, а также выбора способов визуализации, различным образом адаптированных непосредственно для исследования амфорного клейма и для его публикации электронным и полиграфическим способом. Применение алгоритма MSII позволяет получить растровые рендеры, пригодные для обеспечения внешней верификации авторского прочтения легенды амфорного клейма.
Кочевники Южного Урала и новые религиозные доктрины средневековых империй Центральной Азии
Authors: Боталов Сергей Геннадьевич
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена интерпретации и систематизации изобразительных образов, помещенных на лицевой стороне предметов торевтики из средневековых памятников Южного Урала. Опорой рассматриваемой коллекции явились артефакты из погребального комплекса Уелги. До недавнего времени изобразительные образы средневековой торевтики ременной гарнитуры интерпретировали абстрактно как «растительный», «зооморфный», «антропоморфный», «орнитоморфный», геометрический и пр. орнаменты. Анализируя материал, автор в последние годы пришел к убеждению, что изобразительные образы и символы представляют собой стройную систему иконографических религиозных традиций, сложный культурно-религиозный комплекс, который формируется под воздействием манихейских традиций. В этой связи основной целью и задачами настоящей статьи является анализ и интерпретация основных стилистических изобразительных групп и образов в торевтике кочевнических памятников Алтая, Восточного Казахстана, Южного Урала и далее на запад до Карпатской котловины, времени исхода и обретении Родины венграми-мадьярами (IX–X вв.). Методами исследования является сравнительный анализ и интерпретация отдельных изобразительных групп, сюжетов и линий в материалах, полученных из памятников Южного Урала (Уелги, Синеглазово, Актюба, Нижний Яр, Ишимбаевские, Старохалиловские курганы), а также других одновременных комплексов Урала, Поволжья, Поднепровья и Карпатской котловины.Основным выводом исследования является предположение, что возникновение и развитие большинства стилистических групп и линий происходит на Алтае и Южном Урале. Дальнейшее движение этих традиций и артефактов, отражающих их, направлено на Запад, вероятно в период миграции будущего венгерского населения на Новую Родину в Карпатскую котловину, где они получают новое развитие.
Письмо А.С. Башкирова председателю Академцентра Татнаркомпроса С.С. Атнагулову из Биляра 21 июня 1929 г.
Authors: Абдуллин Халим Миннуллович
Published: December 2024

Впервые публикуется текст письма Алексея Степановича Башкирова (1885-1963), специалиста по древней и средневековой истории и архитектуре, археолога, написанное председателю Академцентра Татнаркомпроса ТАССР С.С. Атнагулову из Биляра 21 июня 1929 г. Письмо является важным источником характеризующим процесс организации и проведения археологических исследований на Билярском городище в 1928-1929 гг. Здесь впервые А.С. Башкиров пишет о своем тюркском происхождении и сложностях во взаимоотношении с чиновниками от науки. Источник помогает понять дух эпохи, в которой жил и творил ученый, а также его взгляды, которые через несколько лет послужат основанием для репрессий в период сталинского террора.
Вадиму Сергеевич Мосину – 70 лет!
Authors: Выборнов Александр Алексеевич
Published: December 2024

22 ноября исполняется 70 лет Вадиму Сергеевичу Мосину. Значительную часть своей жизни он посвятил изучению каменного века Южного Урала, Зауралья и сопредельных территорий. Данная заметка посвящена отражению его творческого пути. Характеризуются его достижения в полевых изысканиях и аналитической работе. Отмечается его роль в изучении мезолита-энеолита Зауралья
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Compensation Regime in Ghana’s Mining Sector: Challenges, Limitations, and Opportunities for Improvement
Authors: Dr. Kweku Ainuson
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the effectiveness of the compensation regime in Ghana's mining sector. Ghana's mining industry has played a significant role in its economic development. However, the current compensation framework for land owners and occupiers affected by mining activities is inadequate. The legal framework governing compensation for landowners affected by mining activities focuses primarily on economic compensation, neglecting the cultural and religious significance attached to the land. 
This paper advocates for the integration of a Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) framework into Ghana's mining laws to empower local communities with the right to oppose mining activities on their land. This paper is structured into six main parts: ownership regimes, compensation frameworks, compulsory acquisitions, a literature review on compensation shortfalls, issues of dispossession and rights violation, and proposed amendments to enhance community rights and compensation mechanisms.
Exploring Human Capital and Infrastructural Deficit in Intellectual Property Technology Transfer Offices in Nigeria
Authors: Tejumade O. Siyanbola  , Caleb M. Adelowo  , Willie O. Siyanbola
Published: December 2024

Intellectual Property Technology transfer offices (IPTTOs) provide access to new knowledge and expertise to drive innovation, research collaboration, contract services and consultancy. They identify, collate and license potentially useful technologies, inventions and intellectual property that are relevant to business. They represent a one-stop shop for knowledge outputs in the institution and have the potential to transform the competitive landscape of institutions' regions. The performance of these offices depends largely on both internal and external forces, including available capabilities, funding, infrastructure and operational policy. Due to the observed poor performance of IPTTOs in Nigeria over the years, it becomes imperative to shed a searchlight on inherent weaknesses in these offices, including human capital and infrastructural issues. The quality and quantity of the workforce, level of training and availability of requisite facilities have significant effects on the service delivery of any system, including IPTTOs. Management structure also matters in channelling office resources and sharing responsibilities towards achieving the goals of these offices. This paper analyses human capital and infrastructural deficits in the TTOs across the country using primary data collected from fourteen IPTTOs in 2019. The IPTTOs were visited in May/June of 2019, during which qualitative and quantitative data on the operation of the offices were collected. The results of the analysis show that most of the heads of the IPTTOs in Nigeria (85.7%) are academics with PhDs, while others possess master's degrees. These degrees are mostly in the field of sciences (50%), while others are in engineering (29%) and management sciences (21%). Most of the heads of IPTTOs (64.3%) were exposed to relevant Intellectual Property (IP) training which was sponsored by NOTAP/WIPO (44.4%), the institution (44.4%) and the World Bank (11.2%). Weak staff strength, lack of relevant training and poor training opportunities are generally observed among staff in these offices. There are fairly adequate office facilities, but the ICT facilities are largely inadequate. The study also observed poor collaboration among the IPTTOs across the institution, which limits their knowledge-sharing potential. These challenges are exacerbated by poor funding and bureaucratic practices. The paper concludes with appropriate policy recommendations and a framework for strengthening these offices for improved performance and impact.
Influence of People as a Marketing Mix on the Performance of Private Universities in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Enid Mbuba Igoki  , Rael Nkatha Mwirigi  , Agnes Kinanu Mungania
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive plan specifically created for attaining a firm's objectives is known as a marketing mix strategy. It offers a strategy for achieving marketing goals. Private Universities are facing competition from public universities and tertiary institutions, which include National and Local polytechnics, under government sponsorship. This competition has resulted in low enrolment and decreased graduates in some Private Universities. Private universities, being purely in the service industry, apply extended marketing mix elements such as processes, people, and physical evidence to increase student enrollment. The general objective of the study was to investigate the effect of extended marketing mix elements on the performance of private universities in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to determine the effect of people on the performance of private universities in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Resource-based theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population of the study was 1867 respondents comprising academic and administrative staff from 9 chartered private Universities in Nairobi City County, out of which a sample of 330 was selected. A questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection. Simple and Multiple Linear Regression analysis was done with the aid of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 to assess the relationship between variables. F-statistics and  were used to test the hypothesis. Results are presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. F-value for academic staff was found to be (33.128), and a p-value (0.000) shows that the model used was statistically significant since p = 0.000 > 0.05). The findings of this research show that the people element is a good predictor of private university performance, according to academic staff. The F-value for the people element for administrative staff was (274.917) and a p-value of .000 shows that the model used is statistically significant since p = 0.000 < 0.05). The findings of this research show that the people element is a good predictor of private university performance according to administrative staff performance in private universities. The study concluded that people had a significant effect on the performance of private universities in Kenya. The study recommends that private universities should develop and implement extended marketing mix elements that enhance people who are qualified to ensure increased performance. The findings are useful to universities in helping them design effective extended marketing mix strategies that boost performance. The study findings also contribute to the theory of extended marketing mix and performance in private universities.
Unintended Consequences of the Equality Law: A Case of Male Children in Kwamhlanga Sub-district, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Authors: John Mokhatshane Mabunda  , Simeon Maile  , Ek Mashaba
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to pertinently cognize unintended consequences of the equality law on male children at disadvantaged schools in Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. The participants comprised n = 20 (learners, parents, educators and officials), whereas respondents comprised n = 142 (learners, parents, educators and officials). The semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were the most significant mechanisms used to amass data with a concentration on unintended consequences of the equality law. Therefore, this study employed mixed methods research. The findings exposed that unintended consequences of the equality law manifested in unorthodox societal expectations on male children, such as prematurely providing for themselves and family through menial jobs and thus quitting school earlier than anticipated. Although Affirmative Action offered gains such as equal benefits, opportunities and protection of the equality law to women and disabled people, the participants also believed in the accusations that it denied the male children those valuable gains. However, the findings of this study also suggested recommendations: The State should make laws that equally protect all people; the society should equally execute orthodox societal expectations to both male and female children; the Equality Law should hold all people equal before the law and the Government Departments should regulate equality in all employment, and thus include regulation of odd jobs. The State must curb murder, extortion, illegal mining, etcetera.
Social Media Marketing Practices and the Sustenance of Small Businesses in Oshogbo Metropolitan Area, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Tejumade O. Siyanbola
Published: December 2024

The paper sets out to evaluate the effects that social media marketing (SMM) can have on the success and eventual sustainability of the small businesses sampled. Other specific objectives were to assess the level at which businesses adopt the usage of social media and identify the most prominent of all available social media platforms that the companies utilise. The quantitative survey method was employed to collect data from 200 employees of small-sized businesses in Oshogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The collected data was analysed using both descriptive (percentages, mean, standard deviation etc.) and inferential (ANOVA and regression analysis) statistics with the assistance of SPSS v22. With regards to the take up of social media for marketing purposes, almost all the questionnaire items indicated a high level of SMM adoption for the businesses, to the extent that it was actively used, resources were allocated, contents were frequently posted, metrics were tracked, and they reportedly had dedicated teams to engage with the social media platforms. In terms of the types of Social Media (SM) platforms, the businesses have prominence for marketing; Instagram recorded the highest, and in descending order, followed by YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, WhatsApp, and LinkedIn. The results on the effects of SMM on the sustainability of the businesses indicated a strong correlation between the two variables. Firstly, the model was well fitted to the data, significant at F, 28.075; p ≤ .01; and Adjusted R2 = .611, implying that the predictor variable explained 61.1% of the variance in the dependent variable, even after the model was adjusted for errors. When some of the items representing the Independent Variables were disaggregated, the following constructs were very important in explaining the businesses' success with SMM adoption in descending order of importance: allocation of resources, tracking of social media metrics, having a team dedicated to monitoring the platforms, and making social media a priority for their businesses. The remaining factors were insignificant. The study concluded that Social Media Marketing (SMM) significantly impact the sustenance of small businesses if adequately managed and resourced, and for 21st-century businesses, digital marketing and online presence afford the businesses the opportunity to interact with the consumers of their products and services for future lasting engagement and potential benefits that could eventually impact the bottom line positively.
The Future of Work: How Information Technology (IT) Is Redefining Jobs and the Workplace
Authors: Francis Lartey Adams
Published: December 2024

The future of work is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by technological advancements and changing workforce demographics. This article explores how Information Technology (IT) is redefining traditional notions of work, employment, and the workplace. IT has enabled remote work, automation, and the gig economy, leading to increased flexibility, productivity, and efficiency. However, these changes also raise concerns about job displacement, income inequality, and social isolation. The article highlights the need for reskilling and upskilling, as well as the development of new social safety nets, to address these challenges. Ultimately, IT has the potential to create a more flexible, efficient, and productive work environment. However, it requires proactive planning and adaptation to ensure a future of work that benefits all.
Penguatan Teaching Factory Beras Sehat Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Berbasis Zero Waste
Authors: Jumiatun Jumiatun , Pertami Rindha Rentina Darah , Fatimah Titien , Soelaksini RR Lilek Dwi , Widodo Tirto Wahyu
Published: December 2024

Rice cultivation activities at Tefa Beras Sehat Polije still depend on the use of inorganic fertilizers. The advantage of inorganic fertilizers is that they decompose faster so that nutrients are absorbed faster by plants (fast release). So that the use of inorganic fertilizers continues to be carried out by farmers. However, dependence on organic fertilizers causes fertilizers to become scarce and their prices to increase. The purpose of this activity is to provide training in making organic fertilizers to the TEFA Beras Sehat Community. This activity took place from September to November 2023. The results of this activity were an 85% increase in skills and knowledge of waste management into organic fertilizers, 20% of partners were aware of the importance of organic fertilizers in environmentally friendly cultivation and 50% of partners had the potential to optimize the use of waste around their homes to become organic fertilizers.
POSTING KITA (Posyandu Anti Stunting Berbasis Kolaborasi Teknologi Informasi E-Posyandu dan Asuhan Gizi Balita)
Authors: Rachmawati Ervina , Puspitasari Trismayanti Dwi , Santi Maya Weka , Lestari Datik
Published: December 2024

Stunting is a condition where a toddler has less length or height compared to age. The prevalence of toddlers with nutritional problems is highest in East Java, namely Jember Regency with a prevalence of stunting (34.9%), wasting (12.7%) and underweight (24.1%). Kemuning Lor Village, Arjasa District, Jember Regency has quite high cases of nutritional problems among toddlers, reaching 80 toddlers, so efforts are needed to reduce these nutritional problems. The community service team has created the E-Posyandu Kelor System which must be implemented continuously by all posyandu in Kemuning Lor village to carry out early detection of stunting. Apart from that, there is a need for quality nutritional care to meet the nutritional needs of toddlers. This service activity took place at the Kemuning Lor village hall and was attended by health cadres from 11 posyandu in Kemuning Lor village and accompanied by the village midwife. The activities carried out include 1) training of Posyandu cadres regarding the operation of the e-Posyandu kelor, 2) assisting cadres in implementing Posyandu data recording into the e-Posyandu kelor application, and 3) training of posyandu cadres in making MP-ASI and PMT with diversification of local food ingredients. After the service activities, there was an increase skills in making MP-ASI and cadres were able to record posyandu data on the e-posyandu kelor application. Furthermore, cadres are expected to record posyandu data periodically on the e-posyandu kelor application and make quality MP-ASI/PMT to reduce the incidence of stunting
Peningkatan Kapasitas Siswa SMA Dalam Optimalisasi Lahan dan Mitigasi Dampak Perubahan Iklim
Authors: Prastyaningsih Sri Rahayu , Hadinoto Hadinoto , Sukma Dodi , Yelmiza Yelmiza , Nanda Yoan De
Published: December 2024

The Baitul Quran located in Pekanbaru, is relatively new, which means it has a lot of vacant land. As a result, tree planting is necessary to beautify the environment. Similarly, Pekanbaru Sports High School also has vacant land that needs to be utilized. The methods employed sosialization, planting practise, and evaluation. Sosialization is conducted to enhance the partners' knowledge about the role of trees in mitigating the effects of climate change. Tree planting and maintenance practices are implemented to ensure that partners are capable of planting and caring for trees, contributing to the reduction of global warming. The results at Ponpes Baitul Quran and Pekanbaru Sports High School indicate an increase in student knowledge about climate change. Although students at both schools have a similar understanding of climate change, students at Pekanbaru Sports High School demonstrate a stronger grasp of climate change. In contrast, students at Ponpes Baitul Quran show a better understanding of the practical aspects of planting and maintaining trees. Tree planting on the vacant land at these schools creates microclimate. The survival of the trees ranges from 95% to 99%. The best growth in durian trees, followed by eucalyptus, with areca nut trees showing the lowest.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Angkutan Umum dan Kepuasan Pelanggandi Kalimantan Utara
Authors: Bakri Muhammad Djaya , Syarif Iif Ahmad , Nawir Daud
Published: December 2024

Penetapan Kalimantan Utara sebagai provinsi ke-34 pada tahun 2012 berdampak pada meningkatnya perjalanan menggunakan transportasi darat antarwilayah kabupaten yang ada di mainland Kalimantan menuju Tanjung Selor sebagai ibukota provinsi. Kebutuhan sarana transportasi ini mendorong Dinas Perhubungan Kalimantan Utara bekerja sama dengan Perum DAMRI Cabang Tanjung Selor menyelenggarakan angkutan umum melayani tiga trayek, yaitu: Tanjung Selor-Tana Tidung, Tanjung Selor-Malinau, dan Malinau-Salang (Nunukan). Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kepuasan pengguna jasa yang diharapkan hasilnya menjadi masukan bagi operator dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan, agar menjadi pilihan utama angkutan umum antarkota di Kalimantan Utara. Hasil analisis metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) menunjukkan sebanyak lima belas atribut yang perlu ditingkatkan kinerjanya. Atribut tersebut berada pada Kuadran 1 yaitu tersedianya alat pemecah kaca bus pada kondisi darurat, APAR, fasilitas P3K, pintu/jendela darurat, pintu keluar/ masuk pengemudi dan penumpang, alat pembatas kecepatan, hand grip, sabuk keselamatan, fasilitas dan tempat khusus pemeliharaan kendaraan, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) pemeriksaan operasional kendaraan, jumlah penumpang sesuai kapasitas angkut, lebar tempat duduk, rak bagasi, serta fasilitas kebersihan dalam kabin penumpang. Responden menilai pelayanan angkutan umum tersebut relatif belum berkinerja baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan metoda indeks kepuasan masyarakat (IKM) diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 3,0085 atau sebesar 75,2136. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan kualitas pelayanan bus DAMRI di Kalimantan Utara perlu ditingkatkan. Kinerja yang kurang perlu ditingkatkan dan kinerja yang dianggap berlebihan oleh responden perlu dikurangi. Hal ini dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan jumlah penumpang di masa mendatang, dan dapat menjaga keberlangsungan operasional bus DAMRI sebagai angkutan umum orang antarkota di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara.
Pemodelan Supply Chain Sustainability Melalui Penerapan Green Logistics dan Green Manufacturing di Kawasan Industri
Authors: Candrarahayu Anisa Mahadita , Kuncoro Engkos Achmad , Nofrisel Nofrisel , Sukardiman Tjuk
Published: December 2024

Rantai pasok semakin kompleks karena paradigma keberlanjutan dan kemajuan teknologi yang cepat sehingga menghadapi tantangan dalam logistik hijau dan manufaktur hijau. Implementasi keberlanjutan rantai pasok yang efektif sangat penting karena kegagalan dapat berdampak negatif pada kinerja perusahaan serta sektor sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Green Logistics dan Green Manufacturing terhadap keberlanjutan rantai pasok serta mengembangkan model yang aplikatif bagi kawasan industri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data dari 82 perusahaan di kawasan Deltamas melalui survei, wawancara, dan kuesioner. Studi ini melibatkan beberapa tahap analisis, termasuk tinjauan literatur menggunakan VOSviewer, pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas, analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan Smart PLS, dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa logistik hijau dan manufaktur hijau berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap keberlanjutan rantai pasok, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, dengan pengaruh langsung yang lebih dominan. Model regresi linier berganda dikembangkan, menyoroti faktor-faktor seperti biaya logistik dan operasional, karyawan atau pengemudi bersertifikat, keuntungan, investasi biaya sosial, kesejahteraan karyawan, dan investasi biaya pengelolaan lingkungan sebagai pengaruh utama pada manfaat industri dalam cakupan keberlanjutan rantai pasok.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Keberhasilan Pajak Karbon: Studi Kasus Finlandia Dan Australia Serta Penerapannya Di Indonesia
Authors: Irawan Damara Lutfiah , Demas Naufal
Published: December 2024

Pembangunan berkelanjutan merupakan konsep yang memperhatikan aspek berkelanjutan di samping mengusahakan pembangunan ekonomi dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, menjaga keberlanjutan kehidupan sosial, mengusahakan pelestarian lingkungan, hingga memberikan keadilan berupa adanya tata kelola yang mampu menjaga kualitas kehidupan masyarakat. Bersamaan dengan penerapan konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan, tekanan masyarakat terhadap pemerintah untuk memperhatikan isu lingkungan kian meningkat karena dampak masif yang telah dirasakan oleh masyarakat akibat pemanasan global dan cuaca yang ekstrem. Menanggapi hal tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia mulai mencari cara untuk mengatasi kekhawatiran dunia dengan berinisiasi untuk menerapkan pajak karbon di Indonesia. Kendari demikian dibutuhkan pertimbangan dan persiapan yang matang untuk mengimplementasikan pajak karbon di Indonesia mengingat potensi akan adanya guncangan ekonomi, kesiapan sektor-sektor dari pelaku usaha yang akan dikenakan pajak karbon, hingga respons dari masyarakat terkait penerapan pajak karbon. Demi mengurangi potensi dari dampak penerapan pajak karbon di Indonesia, perlu mempelajari dinamika penerapan pajak karbon terhadap negara-negara yang telah menerapkan kebijakan ini terlebih dahulu, salah satunya adalah Finlandia dan Australia. Di sisi lain, saat ini Pemerintah Indonesia sadar bahwa penerapan pajak karbon bukanlah suatu hal yang mudah untuk dilaksanakan sehingga saat ini Pemerintah Indonesia belum mengimplementasikan pajak karbon serta masih melakukan banyak analisis dan asesmen yang diperlukan untuk menghindari dampak-dampak yang berpotensi merugikan nantinya.
Risks of infectious diseases in the subjective perception of metropolitan residents: From assessment to management strategy
Authors: Lebedeva-Nesevria N. A. , Sharypova S. Yu. , Kornilitsyna M. D.
Published: December 2024

Background. In the post-pandemic period, Russia is characterized by a relatively high level of infectious morbidity, combined with the “infection surveillance” of the population and fear of possible epidemics. Managing health risks associated with the spread of infections requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the healthcare system and individual behavior. Objective. To identify the features of subjective risk perception regarding infectious diseases and to describe behavior risk-associated strategies in a sample of urban populations in the Russian Federation. Methods. An empirical study was conducted using a mixed methodology. The first phase involved a formalized survey (n = 300) aimed at measuring the subjective perception of infectious disease risk and related behaviors. The second phase included an analysis of in-depth interviews (n = 11) in order to clarify the essence of behavior strategies aimed at managing the infectious disease risk. Descriptive statistics, odds ratio calculations, as well as correlation and factor analyses were employed for processing quantitative data by means of SPSS Statistics 21.0. Qualitative data analysis involved open and axial coding. Results. The development of infectious diseases is perceived as the most significant risk among residents of Russian metropolitan areas. The majority of respondents (80%) rate the risk at 0.5 or higher (indicating alarming and high levels of risk) and implement various measures for its management. Determinants influencing strategy choice include age (Pearson’s r = (-)0.539 at p < 0.001) and parental status (Spearman’s ρ = 0.360 at p < 0.05). Subjective risk assessment is not considered a statistically significant predictor of individual activity regarding risk. Factor analysis (model explanatory capacity 53%, p < 0.001) identified groups of actions aimed at risk reduction: 1) information seeking, 2) creating a protective space, and 3) interacting with the external environment. In-depth interview analysis clarified that despite a documented inclination towards action, individual behavior can be characterized as passive adaptation to the risk. Conclusion. Risk perception is found to be not a primary or necessary factor in choosing an active risk management strategy. The reluctance to take risk-reducing actions is associated with an external locus of control, which involves a belief that risk is uncontrollable and assigning responsibility to other subjects of the risk space. The findings may be considered in the development and improvement of measures to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, including health risk communication strategies
A Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence of Depression and its Association with Overweight and Obesity among Students of a Medical College of Tripura
Authors: Nag Kaushik , Tripura Kaushik , Datta Anjan , Karmakar Nabarun , Sen Sujata
Published: December 2024

Background:

Medical students are subjected to tremendous physical, emotional, and social stress. Depression is highly prevalent among medical students.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of depression and its association with overweight and obesity among students of the Medical College of Tripura.

Material and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study among Medical Students of Tripura Medical College from January 2020 to February 2020. A total of 75 students were included in this study, considering 10% as a non-response rate. Then, 25 students are taken from each semester by simple random sampling (lottery method) technique. Beck Depression Inventory scale, along with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, was used to collect data. Collected data were compiled and analyzed on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.16. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The prevalence of depression among medical students was 60%. Obesity and overweight were seen among 24% of students. Depression was more common in the <20 years age group (64.3%), males (61.2%), schedule caste (85.7%), and students from the middle class (75%). Depression was seen among 55.6% of overweight and obese students.

Conclusion:

The present study has shown that the prevalence of depression in medical students is very high, and a similar trend has been seen in studies done globally. Depression was more common in <20 years, male, overweight, and obese medical students. Future research such as the role of mental health promotion programs, regular practice of yoga, and exercise in the reduction of depression and obesity in medical students, might be helpful.
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Levels among Medical Students and Interns in a Medical College of Kolkata: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chakraborty Arup , Jha Ayush , Banerjee Ankush , Banerjee Nibedita , Saha Debarshee , Das Ayush
Published: December 2024

Background:

Medical students and interns are the future backbone of the medical fraternity and healthcare system in India. There have been increasing concerns raised on their mental health and wellbeing over the past decade.

Objectives:

This study thus assessed the presence of depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate medical students and interns in a medical college of Kolkata and elicit its associates.

Material and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 medical students and interns of Medical College, Kolkata from November 2023 to January 2024. The validated DASS-21 was utilized to assess depression, anxiety and stress among the study participants selected by stratified random sampling across all batches. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

Depression, anxiety and stress was present among 109 (32.0%), 138 (40.6%) and 46 (13.5%) participants. Chi-square revealed female gender to be associated with the presence of anxiety and stress. Substance usage was detected as an important predictor for the presence of stress among the study participants.

Conclusion:

Utmost care should be taken for the betterment of mental health and well-being of medical students. Awareness generation and one-to-one counseling sessions through motivation should be conducted especially for the vulnerable participants. Parents and peers can act as buffers to help those students to cope with stressful circumstances.
Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma are Influenced by Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis via Activating the AMPKCaspase Axis and JAK/STAT Pathway
Authors: Banerjee Arnab , Das Debasmita , Maji Bithin Kumar
Published: December 2024

The progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is looked at in this article. It highlights how inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fat accumulation all contribute to this development. Mouse models and patient data are used in the study to explore these pathways. NASH development is linked to the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-caspase 6 axis, where fibrosis is correlated with caspase 3 and 6 activation. There are preventive benefits against NASH when caspase 3 and 6 are inhibited. Reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress can result in reduced fibrosis and steatosis, which are important contributors to the pathogenesis of NASH. In NASH, the immune system is also essential for managing the inflammatory milieu. The transformation of NAFLD-NASH-HCC is attributed in part to lipid buildup, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the immune system, according to the research. The importance of oxidized phospholipids and the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in the development of HCC and the progression of NASH are also covered. The results offer significant perspectives on possible therapeutic targets, including the JAK/STAT pathway and the AMPK-caspase axis.
Pattern of Utilization and Indications of Use of Blood and Blood Products in a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal
Authors: Ishore Kaushik , Nandy Pratyasha , Mukherjee Tanmoy
Published: December 2024

Background:

Blood cannot be artificially manufactured, nor have we found a proper, well-rounded substitute. This makes proper utilization of the donated blood a task of immense value. Contamination of the blood makes it non-utilizable; hence, proper use of blood and blood products is extremely important to avoid any wastage of these scarce resources.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to assess the utilization pattern of blood and blood components and the indications of use of blood components in a tertiary care hospital.

Material and Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of months (July 2023 – September 2023) in the blood bank department of a tertiary care hospital in North Bengal. Secondary data were collected by reviewing the records, registers, and computer-stored data at the blood bank and pre-designed, pre-tested data collection schedule. Data were organized and presented using the principles of descriptive statistics for demographic and clinical variables.

Results:

There were a total of 4965 transfusion requisitions during the study period. Packed red blood cells (RBCs) were the most demanded blood component (42%), followed by fresh frozen plasma (24%), platelets (23%), and then whole blood (11%). The commonest indication for blood transfusion was pregnancy/childbirth-related cause (27%) followed by elective surgery (23%). Requisition of the blood components was found to be maximum by the medicine department (43%), followed by the gyne and obstetrics department (16.5%).

Conclusion:

Periodic review and audit of blood component usage is very much essential to assess the blood utilization pattern in any hospital.
Fluid accumulation in the flap interface (Interface fluid syndrome) as a complication after corneal refractive surgery
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Iskakov I.A. , Egorova E.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Relevance. One of the rare complications after refractive surgery, accompanied by formation of a superficial flap or an intrastromal corneal pocket, is the syndrome of fluid accumulation in the flap interface/ intrastromal space – Interface Fluid Syndrome (IFS). There is no mention of IFS in the Russian literature.

Purpose. To summarize current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and risk factors for the development of IFS, identify problems in the prevention of IFS.

Material and methods. PubMed and eLibrary web platforms were used to search relevant studies using the following keywords: interface fluid, interface corneal edema, interlamellar flap edema, interface fluid syndrome, IFS. 71 sources were analyzed in the period up to 2023.

Results. The fluid accumulation in the interface after LASIC was first described by Lyle W.A. and Jin G.J. in 1999. Subsequently, studies were published that linked the development of this syndrome with a deficiency of corneal endothelial cells and an increased level of intraocular pressure (IOP). The syndrome can manifest itself both immediately after refractive surgery against the background of concomitant ocular pathology, and after other eye surgery. Terms of IFS onset varies from a few days to several years after refractive surgery. IOP levels in IFS should be monitored using non-aplanation methods. A case of IFS development in a patient with Chandler syndrome has been described for the first time.

Conclusion. IFS is a rare complication after refractive surgery. Prevention of this condition is based on a thorough examination of patients both before refractive surgery and when planning other interventions. Treatment of the syndrome is aimed at normalizing IOP and performing corneal endothelial surgery. An increase in the incidence of IFS should be expected in the future due to the high number of refractive procedures. Key words: interface fluid, interface corneal edema, interlamellar flap edema, interface fluid syndrome, IFS
Examination of visocontrastometry after cataract phacoemulsification in patients with asteroid hyalosis
Authors:   Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Danilov A.M. , Grinev A.G. ,   Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation,   Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Eroshevskaya E.B. ,   Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Purpose. To evaluate visocontrastometry after cataract phacoemulsification in patients with asteroid hyalosis.

Material and methods. This study involved 52 patients (52 eyes) with confirmed diagnosis of cataract. Of these, 12 patients had concomitant ocular pathology – asteroid hyalosis. As part of the study, a study group (12 patients) was formed, which consisted of patients with diagnosed cataracts and asteroid hyalosis. Control group consisted of patients with cataracts without concomitant ocular pathology (40 patients). All patients of study group and control group underwent standard cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. All patients in the postoperative period underwent a standard ophthalmological examination at various terms (on the day of discharge, 1 and 3 months after surgery), supplemented by an assessment of the subjective level of «quality of life» using the validated ophthalmological questionnaire «The Visual Function test», and a spatial contrast sensitivity study was performed 1 month after surgery.

Results. Spatial contrast sensitivity and the level of quality of life of patients in the study group had significant deviations from the indicator of patients in the control group, with relatively similar indicators of visual acuity. A tendency to decrease spatial contrast sensitivity has been revealed with a larger number of asteroid bodies in the vitreous body structure.

Conclusion. Despite the relatively safe effect of the asteroid bodies on visual acuity, obtained data indicate a clinically significant effect of this pathology on spatial contrast sensitivity and subjective level of quality of life.

Key words: cataract, asteroid hyalosis, spatial contrast sensitivity, visocontrastometry, phacovitrectomy, vitreous destruction
Analisa Pengaruh Campuran Batang Karet dengan Matriks Limbah Plastik (PP) pada Komposit Papan Partikel Terhadap Kekuatan Uji Tekan dan Uji Bending
Authors: Yulianto Dody , Hastuti Kurnia , Suherman Hendra , Mustaqim Muhamad
Published: December 2024

Karet adalah tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat karena harga jual yang tinggi sehingga dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Akan tetapi beberapa fenomena yang terjadi belakangan ini menyebabkan harga jual karet menurun. Sehingga petani melakukan  tindakan alih fungsi  lahan perkebunan karet menjadi sawit. Karena adanya faktor ekonomi membuat petani beranggapan sawit lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan karet. Sehingga menghasilkan limbah batang karet yang begitu banyak , Maka penelitian ini mengunakan batang karet, Serta pengunaan matriks limbah plastik ( PP ) dalam pembuatan papan partikel. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari penyaringan partikel batang karet dan pencacahan limbah plastik ( PP ), Pencampuran dan Pembentukan papan partikel, Sampai pada Pengujian. Untuk mengetahuai kekuatan papan partikel maka diperlukan pengujian mekanik seperti pengujian Tekan dan pengujian Bending sehingga dapat mengetahui nilai kekuatan tertinggi dari pencampuran partikel dan matriks. Adapun  campuran yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : 50% Partikel 50% Plastik , 60% Partikel 40% Plastik dan 70% Partikel 30% Plastik. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan didapat kekuatan tekan tertinggi yaitu 6,48 MPa pada campuran 60% partikel 40% Plastik sedangkan untuk pengujian kekuatan tekan terendah yaitu 4,06 MPa pada campuran 70% Partikel 30% Plastik. Serta dalam pengujian bending didapat nilai tegangan tertinggi 7,71 MPa pada campuran 50% Partikel 50% Plastik sedangkan untuk pengujian bending terendah yaitu 5,10 MPa pada campuran 70% Partikel 30% Plastik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa limbah batang karet dan plastik ( PP ) dapat digunakan dalam pembutan papan partikel sehingga menghasilkan suatu produk untuk kebutuhan masyarakat serta menggurangi dampak lingkungan yang tidak sehat, Diakibatkan menumpuknya Limbah Plastik dan Limbah  batang Karet.
Perencanaan Mesin Pengupas Sabut Kelapa dengan Menggunakan Mata Pisau Miring
Authors: Alridho Arzam , Syawaldi  , Anwar Irwan
Published: December 2024

PERENCANAAN MESIN PENGUPAS SABUT KELAPA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MATA PISAU MIRING
 
Arzam Alridho1, Syawaldi2, Irwan Anwar3
Program Studi Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Islam Riau
Jl. Kaharudin Nasution Km 11 No. 113 Perhentian Marpoyan, Pekanbaru
Telp. 0761-674635  Fax. (0761) 674834
E-Mail : arzamalridho22@gmail.com
 
ABSTRAK
 
Sebagai  penelitian tugas akhir Hasil analisa dari peneletian diperoleh gaya tekan kelapa sebesar 98,3 N dengan diberikan  beban pada kelapa sebesar 17,5 kg sehingga sabut kelapa dapat terkupas, dan daya poros pengupas untuk mengupas yang dihasilkan sebesar 627,1 Watt, penggerak utama menggunakan motor diesel dengan daya sebesar 5 pk (3728,5Watt) dengan putaran 2400 rpm. Data-data lain, untuk torsi sebesar 69,97Nm, dan diameter poros satu 3,5 cm, diameter poros kedua 3,5 cm adalah 45 rpm dan pada poros ketiga berdiameter 3,5 cm dengan putaran 23 rpm dengan putaran pada puli 1371,4 rpm, Proses kerja alat ini lebih cepat dan mudah digunakan dibandingkan secara  tradisional yaitu mesin pengupas sabut kelapa, waktu pengupasan 1 buah kelapa dengan waktu 13 detik. Diharapkan alat ini dapat digunakan dan dikembangkan untuk masyarakat usaha kecil dan menengah.
 
Kata kunci : Gaya, Daya,Diameter, putaran dan waktu pengupasan.
Perancangan Mesin Pengaduk Tepung Tipe Horizontal dengan Menggunakan Motor Listrik Sebagai Penggerak dan Pulley Sebagai Putaran Daya
Authors: Cahyono Rahmad , Yulianto Dody , Syawaldi
Published: December 2024

Abstrak
 
Perancangan alat ini memiliki tujuan untuk mendesain alat dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi di UKM (Usaha kecil menengah) sehingga dapat mempermudah pekerjaan dilapangan. Untuk pengoperasian mesin pengaduk tepung tipe horizontal ini menggunakan motor listrik sebagai penggerak dan pulley sebagai putaran daya. Sementara pergerakan pisau pengaduk menggunakan batang panjang 20 cm dan diameter 1,5 cm. spesifikasi mesin pengaduk tepung tipe horizontal ini adalah menggunakan motor listrik 4 Hp dengan putaran 2440 rpm dengan daya 2,98 KW dan pulley sebagai penerus putaran daya dengan kecepatan 0,0097 m/s. Dari hasil pengujian untuk kecepatan pengaduk adalah 3 menit untuk berat tepung adalah 15 Kg dimana untuk kapasitas mesin pengaduk tepung ini adalah 300 Kg/jam. dengan adanya mesin pengaduk tepung tipe horizontal ini proses kerja pengadukan tepung semakin cepat dan produksi semakin banyak, dan diharapkan alat ini dapat digunakan dan dikembangkan untuk masyrakat usaha kecil menengah.
 
Kata kunci : Motor Induksi,  Poros, Defleksi, Gaya, Dan  Kecepatan Pulley.