bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the feasibility of producing Lu-177 in the IEA-R1 reactor via the direct route
Authors: Zahn Guilherme Soares , Genezini Frederico Antonio , Da Silva Paulo Sérgio Cardoso , Nory Renata Mendes , Moreira Edson Gonçalves , Santiago Paulo Sérgio
Published: April 2021

Over the last years the 177Lu radioisotope has attracted great interest for the use in therapeutic and diagnostic procedures simultaneously, being what is now called a theranostic radioisotope. There are mainly two ways of producing this radioisotope, by direct neutron capture in a 176Lu target (the “direct route") or by irradiating a 176Yb sample, producing 177Yb that will then decay to 177Lu (also referred as the “indirect route”). In this work the feasibility of producing 177Lu in the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor via the direct route was assessed, and the specific activity that could be obtained was estimated both experimentally and theoretically, allowing for a discussion on the feasibility of commercially producing 177Lu by 176Lu neutron capture in the IEA-R1 reactor.
Development of an environmental monitoring station for HPGe detectors
Authors: De Melo Gleiser Rodrigues , Zahn Guilherme Soares , Genezini Frederico Antonio , Moreira Edson Gonçalves
Published: April 2021

Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a well-established nondestructive analytic technique where the gamma radiation emitted by an irradiated sample is analyzed using an HPGe detector. The Neutron Activation Laboratory (LAN) of IPEN-CNEN/SP has been performing NAA analyses for over 30 years, and has plans of implementing quality control protocols to their analyses. In this sense, the environmental monitoring of the laboratories where the detectors are used has been performed for many years, in a manual way with no more than 2 measurements per day. In this work, an automated monitoring station based on a microcontroller Arduino UNO board has been developed which comprises four thermo hygrometer sensors for monitoring different parts of the environment, plus a thermocouple for monitoring the inside of the liquid nitrogen dewar. The results obtained allow for a discussion on the performance and adequacy of the sensors.
Evaluation of gamma irradition process for induction of color change in gel composite
Authors: Pereira Esther Lorrayne Machado , Cardoso Gabriela Pontes , Batista Adriana de Souza Medeiros
Published: April 2021

The gamma irradiation process of industrial and medical materials is based on radio-induced changes for specific purposes, such as sterilization or induction of color formation. In gem irradiation, for example, color changes according to the deposited dose. In this work we present results obtained by the irradiation of clinical gel/copper sulfate composite to observe the color change for further evaluation of its use as an indicator of volume dose distribution. The irradiations were performed with a Co-60 source at doses between 10-100 kGy in XXXXX of XXXXX. Samples were prepared in three different compositions in relation to the amount of copper sulfate added (100, 400 and 500 mg of CuSO4 in 100 ml of clinical gel). Samples were photographed before and after exposure and color change evaluated with the ImageJ© program. Was observed color change in the samples as the radiation dose increase. Greater color variations were observed for the sample of clinical gel/CuSO4 (100 mg). The samples were re-evaluated one month after irradiation and it was noticed that the color undergoes alteration over time, but without returning to the original color. These results are useful in characterizing future use of the composite as a volumetric indicator of dose distribution in gamma irradiation processes.
Evaluation of radon, radium and gamma radiation at the environmental preservation area of Passaúna river, Brazil
Authors: Martin Aline Cristina , Paschuk Sergei Anatolyevich , Corrêa Janine Nicolosi , Claro Flávia Del , De Souza Filho Oderson Antônio
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research was to evaluate the levels of natural radiation in the Environmental Protection Area (APA) of the Passaúna River (Campo Largo region) in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Gamma radiation measurements were obtained with the gamma spectrometer, and for the measurements of radium and radon concentrations in soil and water the AlphaGUARD monitor and its accessories were used. Until the present time, 4 water samples from Passaúna’s River, 2 well water samples from the region, 2 sample of a secondary lake and 4 soil samples. The results show that the gamma spectrometric measurements found values ranging from 0.052 to 0.204 μSv / h. However, the results of the radon concentrations in the soil were significant, since the values obtained varied from 110 ± 1.30 kBq/m³ to 9 ± 0.80 kBq/m³, which results can be compared with the radon and radio measurements obtained in the wells water, which indicated values higher than the national limit of 0.5 Bq/L, established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization. The values in the lake water were lower the limits. More measurements are needed to map the region to understand the radiation levels and to correlate water and soil measurements with the geological features of the place.
Selection of steel fibers dosage in concrete for repository containers
Authors: Silva Carolina Nogueira da , Tello Clédola Cássia Oliveira de
Published: April 2021

The use of nuclear energy, as well as all human activity, generates wastes and these need to receive suitable treatments so that they don’t expose a risk to the public and the environment. Currently there is a project in Brazil whose objective is the implementation of a national repository for the final storage of low and intermediate level waste. The disposal of the radioactive waste is based on the concept of multiple barriers, in which packed wastes are conditioned in concrete containers, which are then placed in modules, which are closed and covered by natural materials. In this work, Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) was studied as a substitute for the concrete with conventional steel reinforcement in the production of containers. Compressive and tensile strength tests were performed, as well as characterization and evaluation of steel fibers. 48 specimens of concrete were prepared with two types of fibers (A and C) and tested. The best results were obtained with the addition of 1.5% vol. of type A fibers. Through the carbon and sulfur quantification test it was possible to conclude the steel used in the fibers’ manufacture was low carbon. It was also possible to verify, using the folding test, the material used served the parameters of quality. This research project was supported by the Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), the Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG).
Dependence of thermoluminescence glow curve of alumina ceramic radiation detectors with the heating rate
Authors: Silveira Anna Luiza Fraga , Bernacci A.C.C. , Nishibayaski I.V. , Santos A. , Ferreira H.R. , Meira-Belo L.C.
Published: April 2021

Anion defective single crystal detectors α-Al2O3 grown by the Czochralski method are widely used for personal and area monitoring. A methodology for the production of polycrystalline ceramic detectors α-Al2O3 based on the sol-gel method was developed in our research group. The dependence of the thermoluminescent response with the heating rate was studied in the range from 0.1 K/s to 10 K/s for both, ceramic produced by our research group and commercial single crystal detectors (TLD-500 like). The studies were performed at a RISØ TL/OSL DA-20 reader - DTU Nutech. All irradiations were done by means of a 90Sr/90Y beta source facility installed at the reader. In order to study the influence of the heating rate on the luminescent response, the ceramic alumina detectors and single crystal alumina detectors were irradiated with an absorbed dose about 12,5 mGy. A comparison between the two types of detectors revealed that the single crystal presented a response five times greater than the response of the ceramic with a linear heating rate of 0.1 K/s. Nevertheless, the response of both of them is almost the same as a heating rate of 7 K/s, which for routine applications is very interesting. It is important to note that while the response of the single crystal decay almost exponentially with the heating rate, which is in accord with specialized literature, the response of the ceramic detector decays almost linearly.
Optmization of exposure parameters in digital mammography (CR) using figure of merit
Authors: De Morais Isabela Soares , Squair Peterson Lima , Tavares Maria do Socorro Nogueira
Published: April 2021

A high diagnostic standard associated with the lowest radiation dose possible for the patient is the aim for a quality examination in mammography, this can be achieved through the Figure of Merit which is a parameter used for optimization in digital mammography. The objective of this work is to determine the optimized radiographic technique (kV and anode / filter combination) for the CR detection system (Computerized Radiography),  using the parameter of the figure of merit (FOM), from the contrast noise Ratio (CNR)  and the average glandular dose (AGD), with two breast simulators (PMMA and CIRS) and perform a comparison between them. The optimization process was performed on the Siemens Mammomat 3000 Nova Mammograph and the Kodak Direct View CR 850 System CR scanning system using two breast, PMMA and CIRS simulators in the following thicknesses: 2, 4.5 and 7 cm. In order to calculate the AGD, the incident air kerma (Ka,i) was measured and the X-ray beam characteristic factors were applied, according to the technical parameters used for each exposure performed in the simulators. With the values of AGD and CNR associated with each image, the technique optimized for the mammograph-CR set was calculated using the figure of merit. Both simulators presented similar FOM for the conditions tested, but should not be considered equivalent. The following X-ray spectra were selected (anode / filter combination): 2 cm thick (Mo / Mo), 4.5 cm thick (W / Rh) and 7 cm (W / Rh). The estimated doses referring to the optimized techniques found in this work respected the acceptable reference levels in international protocols for quality control in mammography.
Comparison of two methodologies for spectra analysis in coincidence neutron activation analysis
Authors: Ribeiro Jr Iberê Souza , Genezini Frederico Antonio , Zahn Guilherme Soares
Published: April 2021

The Research Reactor Center (CERPq) of IPEN-CNEN/SP has been developing a facility for Coincidence Neutron Activation Analysis (CNAA), a variation of the Neutron Activation Analysis technique in which gamma-gamma coincidence is used to reduce spectral interferences and improve detection limits of some elements. As the acquisition results in 2D-coincidence spectra, the spectrum analysis has to be dealt with accordingly. There are two distinct ways to perform these analyses, either directly, by fitting bidimensional peaks in the coincidence matrix, or by gating the spectra in one detector around each peak of interest and fitting the resulting 1D-spectrum in the usual way. In this work, the concentrations of As, Co, Cs, Sb and Se were determined in geological and biological reference materials by CNAA using two different methodologies of analysis, using the BIDIM software, which provides 2D-peak-fitting; and a combination of the AnalisaCAEN suite, which gates the 2D-spectra, with Canberra’s Genie2000, which fits the resulting unidimensional spectra. The outcomes allow for a discussion of the advantages and shortcomings of each method, both in terms of usability and of the reliability of the results.
Analysis of patients with prostate cancer care at a reference hospital in the state of Tocantins, suitable for brachytherapy
Authors: Bezerra André de Souza , Rostelato Maria Elisa Chuery Martins , Zeituni Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2021

A observação e identificação de fatores preditivos de resultados e morbidade são essenciais na seleção ideal de pacientes que podem usar a braquiterapia como modalidade de tratamento para o câncer de próstata. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a população de pacientes com câncer de próstata atendidos no Hospital Público Geral de Palmas em 2015, no estado do Tocantins. O método utilizado foi quantitativo, com as características de uma análise retrospectiva, transversal e descritiva. Realizado na maior unidade estadual de saúde, o Hospital Público Geral de Palmas que, apesar de suas grandes dimensões, convive com os principais problemas do Sistema Único de Saúde, como superlotação e escassez. Verificou-se que a maioria dos pacientes atendidos correspondia à idade de 70 a 79 anos, perfazendo 45%, seguidos por pacientes com idades entre 60 e 69 anos, com 33%. A maioria dos indivíduos atendidos era do estado do Tocantins, mas alguns moravam em uma cidade adjacente no estado do Pará. Dados relacionados ao escore de Gleason mostraram que houve predomínio dos níveis 6 e 7, indicando tumores de grau intermediário, considerando que a maioria da população observada era mais velha. Concluiu-se que os pacientes analisados apresentaram estadiamento predominante de CaP II e III, sendo que a maioria dos indivíduos, 23 dos 35 analisados, não foi capaz de realizar braquiterapia devido ao alto grau de estadiamento da doença. considerando que a maioria da população observada era mais velha. Concluiu-se que os pacientes analisados apresentaram estadiamento predominante de CaP II e III, sendo que a maioria dos indivíduos, 23 dos 35 analisados, não foi capaz de realizar braquiterapia devido ao alto grau de estadiamento da doença. considerando que a maioria da população observada era mais velha. Concluiu-se que os pacientes analisados apresentaram estadiamento predominante de CaP II e III, sendo que a maioria dos indivíduos, 23 dos 35 analisados, não foi capaz de realizar braquiterapia devido ao alto grau de estadiamento da doença.
Clinical-epidemiological profile of women with cervical cancer in the North of the State of Tocantins - 2000 to 2015 period
Authors: Pinheiro Angelica peixoto
Published: April 2021

O câncer de colo do útero é um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo e se inclui Norte do Estado do Tocantins como principal causa de morte por câncer na mulher. A falta de triagem eficaz aumenta a incidência de complicações tardias diagnóstico, pesando nos orçamentos dos países em desenvolvimento, que são osmais afetados. O objetivo do trabalho é descrever os aspectos epidemiológicosperfil de mulheres atendidas com diagnóstico de câncer de colo uterino no norte Tocantins. 2664 mulheres com câncer de colo de útero foram analisadas no Hospital Registro do Câncer (SIS-RHC), vinculado ao Hospital Regional de Araguaína (HRA). Houve predomínio de mulheres com idade entre 40 e 49 anos, de cor marrom, com ensino fundamental incompleto, casado e com umhistória do tabaco. O estágio predominante foi o IIIB com 31,8%, seguidopelo estágio 0 com 31,7%. Dentro dos estágios existentes: 0, I e II foram considerados“Estágios iniciais”, enquanto os estágios III e IV foram considerados “estágios finais”. Observou-se que 57,1% das mulheres apresentaram estadiamento precoce e 42,9% tardio encenação. Observou-se que pacientes com mais de 70 anos (56%), negros (66,2%), sem escolaridade (68,0%), relacionamento estável (54,3%) e ex-fumante (70,7%),foram aqueles com maiores porcentagens de atraso no estadiamento. A história da educação e tabagismo fatores foram bem envolvidos na incidência desse tumor, principalmente no estadiamento tardio.
Climatological standard of the CDTN weather station as a resource for environmental studies in nuclear research centers
Authors: Oliveira Aline Fabiane Gonçalves de
Published: April 2021

Nos estudos de qualidade do ar, os modelos atmosféricos são amplamente utilizados para estimar e concentrar o comportamento da distribuição espacial de poluentes liberados na atmosfera, origens de fontes pontuais. Os dados coletados das Normas Climatológicas determinam uma referência importante para esses estudos, os dados exportados para eventos e eventos climáticos e climáticos, como variabilidade de luvas, desvios e anomalias de temperatura, dispersão de poluentes ou ar, etc. é válido para os dados da estação meteorológica do Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN) para o período 1997-2017, comparando com uma climatologia normal do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia do INMET para o período 1981-2010. Com base nos resultados,
Отримання та кристалічна структура графіту, інтеркальованого нікелем
Authors: Наконечна О.І. , Білявина Н.М. , Курилюк А.М. , Макара В.А.
Published: April 2021

Інтеркальова C98Ni отримано при термічному розпаді кубічного монокарбіду NiC, який попередньо було синтезовано методом механохімічного сплавлення вихідних компонентів шихти з подальшим компактуванням продукту синтезу методом холодного пресування. Показано, що виготовлений таким чином матеріал NiC під дією електронного променя поступово розшаровується на дві окремі фази з утворенням збідненого на вуглець карбіду NiCx та деякої графітоподібної фази. За даними рентгеноструктурного дослідження кристалічну структуру цієї графітоподібної фази складу C98Ni можна описати в рамках просторової групи P-3m1 (No. 164) (a = 0,2464(1) нм, c = 0,6768(2) нм) з частковим заповненням атомами нікелю одного з двох можливих міжвуглецевих шарів, які в структурі C98Ni дещо гофруються. Показано, що отримана фаза C98Ni є інтеркальованим графітом, склад якого можна варіювати
A model of the gas industry development under uncertain information on the prospects for the exploitation of natural gas resources and reserves in Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Kaplin M.I. , Bilan T.R. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Makarov V.M. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Perov M.O. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: April 2021

We propose a model of calculating the development of gas industry to solve the problem of choosing options for commissioning new natural gas fields and intensifying the existing fields. The model is based on representing development options with achievable volumes of the increase in annual production in the problem of integer linear programming. New and operating natural gas fields can be presented in the model by statistical information on their distribution by reserves and depths of occurrence with the corresponding development costs, as well as the dependences of the predicted volume of annual production from the taken measures and technologies to improve the efficiency of gas extraction. Model calculations provide a two-stage method for determining the options for development of the industry. At the first stage, a variety of options is optimized according to the criterion of specific expenses per 1000 m3 of gas produced during the entire program period. The second stage ensures the optimal distribution of selected options between the periods of program using the criterion of production volume and with the limited costs of previous period for the preparation, prospecting, and exploration of deposits. We present the results of calculating feasible options of the development of gas production industry based on statistical information on volume, mining-and-geological and cost indicators of the development of resources and natural gas reserves. Based on calculations, we investigated the options of uniform distribution of investment, as well as their growth from the first stage to the next ones. For both cases, the priority is set for the selection of fields with greater reserves at the same depths of occurrence. Such a procedure for putting fields into operation is expedient, both from the viewpoint of criterion for the optimal functioning of the industry over a long period of time – the specific costs of production, and on the basis of considerations of achieving the highest volumes of extraction during the shortest possible time. In the case of small capital investments in the development of industry, the model selects small-volume reserves of deposits according to the structure of Ukrainian reserves. Keywords: oil and gas industry, forecasting, mining, technology, development optimization model
Optimal generation dispatch with wind and solar curtailment
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Shulzhenko S.V.
Published: April 2021

To solve the actual task of finding optimal generation mix and dispatch of thermal and nuclear power units, and hydro units of hydro pumped storages of Ukraine to cover day load power profile according to one of possible wind and solar generation curtailment mode the modification of mathematical MIP model is proposed. There are three modes of wind and solar generation curtailment revised in the article: 1) absolute maximum generation curtailment, 2) single for whole day decreased load factor, and 3) one per one hour decreased load factor. The possibility to allocate an exogenously determined level of frequency containment reserves (secondary reserves) on thermal power units is realized in the MIP model. The calculation’s results analysis shows that among revised wind and solar generation curtailment methods the method 2) is most appropriate in the short term because only administrative measures implementation is required, which could be put into force with appropriate legislation and does not require essential investments or implementation of complicated technical measures. The additional possible positive effect caused by the implementation of method 2) is it makes background for participation wind and solar generation in the ancillary services market and intraday balancing. In the middle term, the gradual implementation of method 3) is the most appropriate decision because a more stable power system balancing mode (minimum import/export amounts) could be provided. Moreover, extra nuclear power units and fewer coal thermal power units could be dispatched that is decreases hazard pollutions and carbon emission. The MIP model is written using MathProg language, a freeware version of AMPL. As a solver, the GNU GLPK program is used. The overall time for one calculation with standard table PC is about 30 seconds. MIP model could be used both for short-term power system optimal dispatch and for long-term national generation mix development studies under the growth rates of renewable installed capacities. Keywords: power system, daily load profile, robust decisions, mixed linear-integer problem, frequency containment reserve
Evaluations of benchmarks for greenhouse gas emission in engineering under the emissions trading system of Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Parasyuk N.V. , Nechaieva T.P. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Lebid M.V. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: April 2021

This article presents the application of benchmarks of greenhouse gas emission for free allocations between installations (plants) in the promising emission trading system in Ukraine. The basic concepts and definitions, as well as the principles of approach applied to the development of benchmarks are presented. The summarized data on the calculated values of benchmarks in comparison with values that are accepted now in the European emission trading system are resulted. Certain differences in the construction and application of benchmarks in Ukraine and the EU, caused by the structure and state of economy, as well as the characteristics of the industries covered by the system are analyzed. Certain limitations are specified, first of all in the presence of required basic data which cause the necessity of recalculation. We performed an assessment of the introduction of free allocation for greenhouse gas emissions in the production of electricity at coal-fired power plants in Ukraine with using specific CO2 emission factors. The calculations were carried out under the condition of technical re-equipment of thermal power units with increase in their efficiency and under the condition of absence of re-equipment. We also compared the estimates obtained on the basis of a predetermined emission control indicator for coal-fired power plants with the European level and calculated the volume of free allocation of quotas for Ukrainian thermal power plants based on the results of their activities. Keywords: benchmarks, allocations, electricity, heat, emissions trading system
Хвороба Альцгеймера: сучасні гіпотези патогенезу, перспективи розроблення новітніх методів ранньої діагностики та лікування
Authors: Лук’янець Олена Олександрівна
Published: April 2021

У доповіді розглянуто різні гіпотези щодо причин виникнення і розвитку хвороби Альцгеймера, проаналізовано сучасний стан і перспективи розроблення новітніх методів ранньої діагностики, створення нових препаратів для ефективного лікування цього нейродегенеративного захворювання. Наведено найважливіші результати, отримані вченими НАН України, щодо вивчення низки фундаментальних питань патогенезу ушкоджень мозку при хворобі Альцгеймера, що сприяло появі нових підходів до лікування цього захворювання.
Allelopathy of Invasive Species Dioscorea bulbifera L. and Its Effect on Seed Germination of Shorea selanica (Lam.) Blume
Authors: Oksari Ade Ayu , Wanda Irvan Fadli , Wardhani Gladys Ayu Paramita Kusumah
Published: April 2021

AbstrakDioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae) merupakan salah satu tanaman invasif yang menciptakan masalah lingkungan. D bulbifera mengandung alelopati yang memengaruhi proses fisiologis pada spesies lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh alelopati berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak daun dan umbi D. bulbifera L. terhadap perkecambahan biji Shorea selanica (Lam.) Blume. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan sepuluh perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak D. bulbifera 25, 50, 75, 100%, dan kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil uji skrining fitokimia, semua metabolit sekunder dalam ekstrak daun menunjukkan hasil yang positif. Senyawa golongan saponin, tanin, flavonoid, dan steroid/terpenoid terdeteksi dengan kuat sedangkan senyawa alkaloid kurang kuat. Senyawa fenol tersebut adalah fenol, 1,2-benzenediol (dalam ekstrak daun) dan fenol, 1,2-benzendiol, 1,4-benzendiol, dan 2-metoksifenol (dalam ekstrak umbi). Berdasarkan uji perkecambahan, ekstrak metanol umbi dan daun D. bulbifera berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya kecambah, koefisien kecepatan berkecambah, dan koefisien keserempakan berkecambah S. selanica. Konsentrasi yang menurunkan viabilitas biji terendah adalah pada konsentrasi 75% dan 100% dengan rata-rata daya kecambah 10,00 ± 6,32 % (pada ektrak umbi) dan 0,00 ± 6,32 % (pada ektrak daun). AbstractDioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae) is one of the most unutilized invasive plants. This plant contains allelopathy that affects the physiological process of native species. This study aimed to discover the type of allelochemical in D. bulbifera and its effect on seed germination of Shorea selanica (Lam.) Blume. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design with ten treatments and three replications. The treatment given was the different concentration of D. bulbifera extract of 25, 50, 75, 100%, and control. Based on phytochemical screening tests, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and steroid/terpenoid compounds were detected in leaf and tuber extract. The total phenolic in leaf extract was more significant than that in the tuber extract of D. bulbifera but the type of phenolic compounds was lower. The phenolic compounds were phenol, 1,2-benzenediol (in leaf extracts) and phenol, 1,2-benzendiol, 1,4-benzendiol, and 2-methoxyphenol (in tuber extracts). Based on the germination test, it was found that the methanol extract from the tubers and leaf of D. bulbifera significantly affected the germination capacity, coefficient rate of germination, and simultaneity coefficient of germination of S. selanica. It was found that treatment of concentration of 75% and 100% resulted in the lowest seed viability reduction with an average germination rate of 10.00 ± 6.32% (in tuber extracts) and 0.00 ± 6.32% (in leaf extracts).
Pain Medication Disposal Rates After Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Ray Justin J. , Shackleford Taylor L. , Bronikowski Diane , Lubicky John P. , Lancaster Jeffrey , Grant Daniel R.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate prescription opiate usage, disposal rates, and methods of disposal after pediatric surgery.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective chart review of patients <18 years of age who underwent a surgical procedure at our institution and were given a postoperative opiate prescription between April 2017 and June 2018. A follow-up phone survey was conducted between 60 and 90 days postoperatively to ask about prescription opiate usage and disposal.

RESULTS:

A total of 290 patients with a mean age of 9.0 ± 4.7 years (62.8% male) met inclusion criteria. Sixty patients (20.7%) reported using all of their prescription opiate medication, whereas 230 patients (79.3%) did not use all of their pain medication. Of these 230 patients, 141 (61.3%) disposed of their leftover prescription opiates via flushing (56.4%), trash (28.6%), or take-back center (15.0%). At the time of phone survey between 60 and 90 days postoperatively, 88 patients (38.3%) still had leftover pain medication. By 7 days postoperatively, 234 of 290 patients (80.7%) had taken their last prescription opioid.

CONCLUSIONS:

In our study, 79.3% of patients were overprescribed opiate pain medication after pediatric surgery. Disposal rates at 60 to 90 days for leftover pain medication after pediatric surgery was just >60%. Pediatric patients are often overprescribed prescription opiates after surgery and typically only require a one-week supply of pain medication.
Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Bundle on Inpatient Use of Highly Bioavailable Antibacterials
Authors: Haynes Andrew S. , MacBrayne Christine E. , Parker Sarah K.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:

Intravenous (IV) to enteral transition of highly bioavailable antibacterial drugs is associated with improved safety and lower cost. We evaluated the impact of a bundle of stewardship-driven interventions (including in-person stewardship rounding, clinical pathways, and clinical pharmacist-driven enteral transition workflows) on IV versus enteral administration of highly bioavailable antibacterials at a freestanding children’s hospital.

METHODS:

We collected 2010–2018 inpatient usage data for clindamycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, rifampin, linezolid, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. We analyzed total use (in days of therapy [DOTs] per 1000 patient-days [PDs]) and the percentage of total use administered enterally, both hospital wide and stratified by unit subgrouping, specifically comparing use 1-year prestewardship implementation with year-5 postimplementation.

RESULTS:

Across the 8-year study window, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, and metronidazole, together, accounted for 96% of IV DOTs for highly bioavailable antibacterials. Overall, clindamycin use decreased from 44.4 to 20.2 DOTs per 1000 PDs (P < .001), with the enteral percentage of total use increasing from 23% to 43% (P < .001) hospital wide. Overall, fluoroquinolone use decreased from 33.7 to 19.3 DOTs per 1000 PDs (P < .001), with the enteral percentage increasing from 40.7% to 55.9% (P < .001). Overall, metronidazole use increased, and the enteral percentage decreased (42.0% to 33.7%; P = .007). Low-IV-use antibacterials (rifampin, linezolid, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) showed no significant changes in total use or the enteral percentage of total use.

CONCLUSIONS:

Stewardship interventions were associated with decreased overall use and an increased enteral percentage of total use for both clindamycin and fluoroquinolones, although not metronidazole. These data provide an easy-to-collect benchmark for pediatric hospitals to compare IV with enteral use of highly bioavailable antibacterials within the context of overall antibacterial use.
“You Have Made All the Loving Choices": Good Parent Praise in Pediatric Critical Care Conferences
Authors: Porter Amy S. , Hinds Pamela S. , Livingston Jessica D. , October Tessie W.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Parents’ ideas about what it means to be a “good parent” to their seriously ill child influence parental decision-making. Little is known about when, why, and how clinicians offer good-parent praise or how parents react. Our objective was to describe clinicians’ spontaneous use of good-parent praise statements to parents during PICU care conferences and how parents respond.

METHODS:

Single-center, cross-sectional review of 72 transcripts of audio-recorded PICU care conferences in a quaternary medical center. Qualitative analysis was conducted to code triggers for clinician good-parent statements and parent responses.

RESULTS:

Clinicians made at least one statement of good-parent praise in 32% of family conferences. Triggers for clinician statements of good-parent praise were categorized into 6 themes: decision making, gratitude to the clinical team, defense of parenting, parental body language, parental guilt, and intention to close the meeting. Parental responses to clinician statements of good-parent praise fell into 6 themes: acknowledgment, medical talk, deepening of feelings expressed in conversation, focusing on a decision, redirecting on the patient, and gratitude.

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinicians spontaneously praised parents for their role in being a good parent in less than one-third of family conferences. Clinician statements were triggered by verbal and nonverbal parental behaviors, a critical decision-making point in the conversation, and an intention to close the meeting. In response, parents frequently responded positively to the praise and often returned the gratitude or reflected on their feelings about caregiving for their child.
Primary Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: A New Look at a Rare but Challenging Disease
Authors: Jadcherla Aditya V. , Backes Carl H. , Cua Clifford L. , Smith Charles V. , Levy Philip T. , Ball Molly K.
Published: April 2021

Primary pulmonary vein stenosis (PPVS) represents a rare but emerging, often progressive heterogeneous disease with high morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Although our understanding of PPVS disease has improved markedly in recent years, much remains unknown regarding disease pathogenesis, distinct disease phenotypes, and patient- and disease-related risk factors driving the unrelenting disease progression characteristic of PPVS. In the pediatric population, risk factors identified in the development of PPVS include an underlying congenital heart disease, prematurity and associated conditions, and an underlying genetic or congenital syndrome. Continued improvement in the survival of high-risk populations, coupled with ongoing advances in general PPVS awareness and diagnostic imaging technologies suggest that PPVS will be an increasingly prevalent disease affecting pediatric populations in the years to come. However, significant challenges persist in both the diagnosis and management of PPVS. Standardized definitions and risk stratification for PPVS are lacking. Furthermore, evidence-based guidelines for screening, monitoring, and treatment remain to be established. Given these limitations, significant practice variation in management approaches has emerged across centers, and contemporary outcomes for patients affected by PPVS remain guarded. To improve care and outcomes for PPVS patients, the development and implementation of universal definitions for disease and severity, as well as evidence-based guidelines for screening, monitoring, cardiorespiratory care, and indications for surgical intervention will be critical. In addition, collaboration across institutions will be paramount in the creation of regionalized referral centers as well as a comprehensive patient registry for those requiring pulmonary vein stenosis.
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Lahiri Subhrajit , Sanyahumbi Amy
Published: April 2021

The incidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is 8 to 51 per 100,000 people worldwide. It most commonly affects children 5 to 15 years of age after a group A streptococcal infection. Overcrowding and poor socioeconomic conditions are directly proportional to the incidence of ARF. Rheumatic carditis is a manifestation of ARF that may lead to rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Timely treatment of group A streptococcal infection can prevent ARF, and penicillin prophylaxis can prevent recurrence of ARF. Prevention of recurrent ARF is the most effective way to prevent RHD. ARF is diagnosed using the 2015 modified Jones criteria. There is no gold standard laboratory test. Therefore, clinicians need to be aware of the clinical signs and symptoms of ARF to include in their differential diagnosis when seeing such patients. Secondary prophylaxis with benzathine penicillin G has been shown to decrease the incidence of RHD and is key to RHD control. Clinicians need to understand the implications of secondary prophylaxis for ARF. There is also a need to improve ARF diagnosis, to find novel therapies to reduce the incidence of ARF, and to reduce the prevalence of RHD. RHD research is neglected and underfunded. Thus, there is also a need for RHD advocacy and public health awareness to increase research on RHD.
A Guiana e o Brasil
Authors: Cavlak Iuri
Published: April 2021

Após se declarar uma república cooperativa, a Guiana passou por doisprocessos marcantes: internamente, estatizou a produção de bauxita e açúcar, fortalecendo o poder do Estado sobre a população; externamente, buscou protagonismo nos países não alinhados e no terceiro mundismo, com apoio de Cuba e da China. Em um contexto de crise econômica e disputa territorial com a Venezuela, por um lado, e de vários movimentos socialistas no Caribe e na América Central, por outro, o país obteve do Brasil uma parceria de alto nível, garantindo desafogo comercial e, ao mesmo tempo, respaldo político. Analisando a documentação que os ministros das Relações Exteriores produziram para a análise dos generais presidentes, intento refletir de que forma a Guiana se movimentou no cenário internacional, tendo em vista a diplomacia brasileira e a sua capacidade de absorção desse complicado país em sua zona de influência. Ressalto se tratar de uma série documental ainda inédita, recurso precioso para a pesquisa sobre a Guiana no Brasil.
SLOBODIAN, Quinn. Globalists
Authors: Abal Felipe Cittolin
Published: April 2021

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Da história das mulheres às perspectivas contracoloniais
Authors: Crescêncio Cintia Lima , Ferreira Gleidiane de Sousa
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a apropriação/impacto das perspectivas“contra-coloniais” (SANTOS, 2018) na pesquisa histórica das relações de gênero no Brasil. Retomando as principais interpelações que a história das mulheres e os estudos de gênero têm feito à História desde meados dos anos 1960 e considerando a importância das contribuições teóricas e epistemológicas desenvolvidas ao longo das últimas décadas pelos estudos pós-coloniais, subalternos, decoloniais, descoloniais, sul-sul e sul global, que trouxeram (trazem) uma série de problemáticas sobre as heranças do colonialismo enquanto pensamento-prática-subjetividade hegemônicas e eurocentradas, o texto pretende refletir sobre as possíveis acomodações dessas questões em espaços promovidos por pesquisadoras(es)/historiadoras(es) das mulheres, de gênero e do feminismo no Brasil. Para isso, analisamos as proposições de simpósios temáticos submetidos aos eventos nacionais da Associação Nacional de História (ANPUH), entre 2001 e 2019, o principal evento de História no Brasil, com o objetivo de discutir os efeitos das perspectivas contra-coloniais na historiografia do gênero brasileira.
Fotonovelas
Authors: Miguel Raquel de Barros Pinto
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a possibilidade de as fotonovelas terem sido um espaço de perpetuação de valores, de modos de ser mulher e homem, participando, assim, da constituição de subjetividades de suas leitoras. Para tanto, foram analisadas vinte fotonovelas veiculadas em exemplares da revista Capricho das décadas de 1950 e 1960. A análise do material permitiu que fossem identificadas algumas funções das fotonovelas: participação no processo de urbanização e modernização de suas leitoras, espaço de evasão/fuga das atividades cotidianas e, ainda, disseminação de códigos morais e de conduta. Por fim, cabe ressaltar que apesar da existência de um discurso normatizador, não se pode desconsiderar a agência das leitoras. A apropriação dos conteúdos veiculados deve ser compreendida como um processo ativo e que, por esse motivo, permite diferentes interpretações e apropriações de uma mesma história.
No Ceará é assim:
Authors: Mesquita Marina Leitão
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho aborda aspectos da história das dissidências de gênero e sexualidade no Nordeste Brasileiro, de forma a compreender como as pessoas transgêneras reconstroem sentidos de feminilidade, masculinidade e tradição. Para tanto, investiga-se a rede de concursos de beleza gay cearenses, partindo de seu contexto contemporâneo e adentrando as memórias daqueles que protagonizaram as primeiras edições, na década de 1950. A metodologia desenvolvida foi de base etnográfica, alinhando-a ao emprego da história oral. Recorreu-se, ainda, às notícias de jornais impressos e ao acervo pessoal preservado por produtores e artistas trans. Nesse sentido, constatou-se que os concursos de beleza gay alimentam um imaginário cearense voltado às dissidências de gênero e sexualidade, de maneira interligada aos setores do ramo da beleza. Além disso, esses certames representam espaços de militância e fontes de visibilidade e positivação das transgeneridades. Em contrapartida, observa-se a perseguição de um padrão de beleza referente a uma “feminilidade espetacular”, reiterando padrões hegemônicos e incorrendo em disputadas por legitimidade. Por fim, compreende-se a construção paulatina de um imaginário sobre o Ceará e sobre outras regiões do país, em especial a nordestina.
História das Mulheres e a Hermenêutica do Cotidiano –
Authors: Pedro Joana Maria , Neckel Roselane
Published: April 2021

Entrevista com Maria Odila Leite da Silva Dias
Contribuições de um Objeto Virtual de Aprendizagem Colaborativa para o ensino de Probabilidade e Estatística
Authors: Mayumi Ishikawa Eliana Claudia , Budek Dias Cristiane Fatima , Nasser Matos Simone , Gueiber Ezequiel , Dos Santos Junior Guataçara
Published: April 2021

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado e tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições de um objeto virtual de aprendizagem colaborativa, o Collabora, para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Probabilidade e Estatística. A pesquisa é de natureza aplicada e de cunho qualitativo e foi aplicada na disciplina de Probabilidade e Estatística de um curso de Engenharia da Produção. A análise dos dados foi realizada com base na Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados apontam que o uso do Collabora contribuiu em seis pontos fundamentais do processo de ensino-aprendizagem: interação entre os alunos; ampliação do espaço da sala de aula; entendimento entre colaboração e desempenho na disciplina; esclarecimento específico de dúvidas; desenvolvimento de postura investigativa e mudanças de concepções e atitudes na disciplina.
Palavras-chave: Collabora; Probabilidade e Estatística; Ensino Superior.
DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT WASHING TECHNOLOGY OF PARTS, MEETING SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DUE TO THE APPLICATION OF WATER-BASED WASHING SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Karmanova Svetlana , Melnikov Sergey ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Shiryaev Alexey ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Nurtdinov Anton ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: April 2021

In the manufacture of parts, surfaces are contaminated due to the peculiarities of the technology. Safe cleaning of these surfaces is an urgent problem. The article discusses non-refractory solutions for cleaning parts. The methodology for carrying out research on cleaning pollution is presented. The following contaminants were chosen: preservation oil K-17, Mobil 423 oil, SOZh-073, Vacuquench B244 quenching oil, Polishing paste, MPK emulsion. The quality of cleaning the contaminants was tested for the following detergents: Ardrox 6378 A, Ardrox 6333, Ardrox 6486. Detergent Ardrox 6378A washes away all investigated contaminants from the surface of the samples, except for conservation oil. Ardrox 6333 B detergent does not wash stubborn contaminants – K-17 conservation oil and polishing paste. The Ardrox 6486 detergent composition does not wash all investigated contaminants except the IPC emulsion. Of the Ardrox brand detergents, Ardrox 6378A is the most effective. Studies have been conducted to determine the optimal contaminant cleaning regime for the most effective detergent composition – Ardrox 6378A. The study showed that at a concentration of this composition of 15 % and a temperature of 65 °C, the surface is washed from all contaminants.
ROCKET ENGINE ON GRANULAR SOLID FUEL
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Elkin Andrey , Zemerev Evgeniy ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Malinin Vladimir ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Khimenko Lyudmila ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Khaziakhmetova Farida ,   JSC "Research Institute of Polymeric Materials"
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to the development of a rocket engine on granular solid fuel (REGSF). The paper shows the main advantages and disadvantages of widely used propulsion systems (such as a solid-propellant rocket engine, liquid-propellant rocket engine, gas turbine engine). The proposed hybrid power plant borrows the strengths of well-known engines, such as the ability to control thrust in a wide range, multiple on and off, the ability to work in high temperatures and low oxygen content. The fuel in a REGSF is granules, the constituent components of which are both oxidizing agent and combustible. Possible propulsion systems based on REGSF, applicable for different types of tasks (can be used both for spacecraft and for ground unmanned aerial vehicles used at different altitudes with different flight speeds), are proposed and considered. As a prototype of the granular solid fuel supply system (GSFSS) the powder metal fuels supply system (PMFSS) is chosen. The flow rate and speed characteristics of the GSFSS are similar to the same characteristics of the PMFSS, they are also presented in this paper. Based on the available data on the supply system for powdered metal fuels and powdered aluminum (which is used as a fuel in a similar propulsion power plant), the requirements that granular fuel must satisfy in order to efficiently feed and ignite it are formulated and given. Requirements: dry, hydrophobic material, which must have high flowability, have a dispersion in the specified range, the type of particles must be spherical.