bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ‘GOOGLISATION’ OF THE CLASSROOM: HOW DOES THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN’S PERSONAL DATA FARE?
Authors: Pothong Kruakae , Hooper Louise , Livingstone Sonia , Atabey Ayça , Day Emma
Published: February 2025

The use of education technologies (EdTech) in schools has rapidly expanded during COVID-19 due to remote learning requirements. Despite the diversity of EdTech products used in schools, only a handful, including Google Classroom, dominate children’s classrooms in the UK. The way these products operate and process data as part of teaching and learning may expose children to data protection risks with immeasurable consequences for children and their life prospects. This paper demonstrates how these data protection risks can manifest when children use Google Classroom for learning in principle and practice. We conducted a legal analysis of privacy policies and legal terms that applied to Google Classroom and other Google services accessible to children within the Google Classroom environment to demonstrate data protection risks in principle and a socio-technical investigation, using a web browser plug-in, called Lightbeam (for Firefox browser) and Thunderbeam (for Chrome browser), to capture the data flow throughout each child’s user journey, in practice. Through legal analysis of Google’s privacy policies, we identified various data protection risks, including the lack of transparency and purpose specification in data processing. We demonstrated how these risks, in principle, became more tangible in practice with scenarios in which each child’s user journey in and through Google Classroom can be exposed to third-party commercial tracking services. Drawing on an example of effective regulatory enforcement, we demonstrated how the risks to commercial exploitation of children’s personal data in education can be tamed.
LOCALIZED VOLUNTEER MODERATION AND ITS DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Proferes Nicholas , Cotter Kelley , Thorson Kjerstin , Battocchio Ava Francesca , De Ankolika , Chang Chia-Fang
Published: February 2025

The social media industry has begun more prominently positioning itself as a vehicle for tapping into local community. Facebook offers hundreds of region-specific community groups, proudly touting these in nation-wide commercials. Reddit has hundreds of subreddits focused on specific states, cities, and towns. And Nextdoor encourages users to sign up and “Get the most out of your neighborhood.” In these locally oriented digital spaces, users interact, discuss community issues, and share information about what is happening around them. Volunteer moderators with localized knowledge are important agents in the creation, maintenance, and upkeep of these digital spaces. And, as we show, Facebook, Reddit, and Nextdoor create strategic communication to guide this localized volunteer moderator labor to realize specific goals within these spaces. In this work, we ask: “What are the promises the social media industry make about local community groups, and how do they position volunteer moderators to help realize those promises?” Through a qualitative content analysis of 849 documents produced by Facebook, Reddit, and NextDoor, we trace how platforms position their version of local community as slightly different utopian spaces, and channel volunteer moderator labor both through direct instruction and appeals to civic virtue.
TOXICITY & SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE: A FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING VIOLENCE ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS
Authors: Recuero Raquel , Tavares Camilla
Published: February 2025

This work explores the intersection of toxicity and symbolic violence as fundamental concepts for understanding two critical dimensions of online violence: its propagation and legitimation. Drawing from Critical Discourse Analysis, we emphasize language's role in negotiating power relationships, demonstrating its significance in shaping social practices and power dynamics. Building on our previous work on gender toxicity, we investigate how toxicity becomes a form of legitimizing violent discourses.Further, we present a framework categorizing violence legitimation into "discursive structure" and "spreadable structure." Discursive structures encompass implicit and explicit violence, including humor, stereotyping, and name-calling, revealing strategies employed in violent discourse. Spreadable structures, including polarization and toxicity, explore how discourse spreads on platforms, affecting visibility and influencing dominant perspectives. The understanding of these categories requires consideration of social and infrastructural power dynamics within the online context.
NAVIGATING THE DIGITAL IDENTITY INDUSTRY
Authors: Van der Nagel Emily
Published: February 2025

Examining and explaining tensions between being public and private on the internet is an enduring aspect of the work of the Association of Internet Researchers. In this paper, I present a concept to aid those working in this space: digital identity integrity, the ability to use a range of personal accounts and platforms to meaningfully participate in digital cultures and economies. When an individual can maintain a reasonable amount of privacy over their identity, knows how to effectively use platforms and services, and is in a position to contribute to broader digital and data justice projects, they can be said to have digital identity integrity.

This paper is drawn from a larger research project into digital identity integrity, and presents the results of its first two stages: establishing the discourse of the identity verification industry, and conducting pilot workshops on evaluating digital identity integrity. The project builds a case for including resistive practices to identity unification – like being anonymous or creating multiple accounts on one platform – to get a fuller picture of digital identity and inclusion.

The goal of this research project is to work with the idea of digital identity integrity as a way to evaluate the push and pull between public and private when it comes to identities on the internet.
CONSTRUCTING THE DIGITAL: WORKING FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH
Authors: Raman Usha , Premika Anuja , Mehta Chinar , Madapathi Manisha , Rangaswamy, Nimmi
Published: February 2025

The AoIR Flashpoint Symposium conducted in Hyderabad, India, explored multiple facets of digital labour–that which takes place through and on platforms, monitored or managed via digital interfaces, as well as forms of work that contribute to building, maintaining, and populating digital infrastructures. The discussions at the symposium proceeded from the recognition of the need for regulation with the consumer of technology as our main object of concern, while also attending to the humans at the center of the machinery of production–those who build the insides of the machines (coders, designers, annotators) as well as those who make the content that flows through it. This panel extends the discussions at the Symposium with five papers that attend to different types of digital/digitally-enabled work: content creation and curation, app-based services, infrastructuring through tech work, and advocacy for a just and open digital commons. Together, the papers intend to make visible how the everyday labour of those in the Global South undergirds the global network of digital goods, services, and infrastructures–both materially and discursively. We think of the digital economy and culture in planetary terms (Graham & Ferrari, 2022), driven by technologies largely imagined in the West even as they are enabled in very specific ways by workers in the Global South. Much recent work in rapidly digitizing geographies in South Asia and Latin America has pointed to the embedded nature of the digital, as technology and as experience. Cultural creators on platforms such as YouTube, TikTok, Instagram and Spotify speak to increasingly dispersed audiences, their content subject to a variety of regulatory regimes monitored and managed in algorithmically impenetrable ways . Gig workers find their work patterns are constrained and defined by interfaces driven by neo-colonial imaginaries that defy regulation yet prompt innovative forms of resistance. Public discourse veers between the celebratory and the cautionary, as in much of the globe, with states responding, in turn, with shut downs and penalties and sops and incentives. The papers in this panel while locating their arguments and their insights in the specific context of India, also speak to the need for imaginaries that are at once broad and contextual, that take from aspirational articulations while rejecting a universalising logic, whether in the realm of design, or use, or regulation.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Games Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas IV SD
Authors: Wulandari Putri , Hasim Wahit , Ariefka Reza
Published: February 2025

Kesulitan dalam proses belajar masih menjadi tantangan utama dalam mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal, Hal ini juga dialami oleh siswa di SD Negeri Campur Asri pada mata pelajaran IPAS yang membahas bagian-bagian tumbuhan dan fungsinya. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran games based learning guna meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran games based learning terhadap hasil belajar IPAS siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Campur Asri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan didalam penelitian ini adalah metode pre- eksperimen dengan desain penelitian One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Populasi yang digunakan sebagai sampel adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Campur Asri sebanyak 23 oang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Untuk teknik analisis data menggunakan uji instrument tes dan uji hipotesis. Dari hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro-wilk menghasilkan nilai sig pretest sebesar 0,273 dan sig posttest sebesar 0,174 sementara itu uji sample paired t-test menghasilkan nilai sebesar 0,000 yang lebih kecil dari nilai signifikansi 0,05. Dengan demikian hipotesis nol (H0) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif (H1) diterima. Dari Hasil ini, membuktikan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran games based learning berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar IPAS siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Campur Asri.
Keuze uit de aanwinsten
Authors: Rijksmuseum researchers
Published: February 2025

Tot onze spijt is de herkomst van Aanwinst 2 in nummer 2003/3 (Gregoire, Bevrijdingsfeest op de Dam) onvolledig opgenomen. Juist is: schenking mevrouw C.E. van Dam-van Perlstein, Amsterdam, uit de nalatenschap van haar grootvader, de heer P.S. van Perlstein, 2003. Bovendien zijn in hetzelfde nummer de illustraties (niet de bijschriften) bij afb. 3 en afb. 4 op pp. 230 en 231 verwisseld. De verwijzingen naar de foto’s van Charles Nègre op pp. 298 en 299 corresponderen niet met de afbeeldingen op pp.  300 en 301, omdat twee afbeeldingen zijn weggevallen. Deze zullen in een volgende aanwinstenrubriek Fotografie alsnog worden opgenomen.
Twee aan Jan van Hemessen toegeschreven schilderijen
Authors: Van Gravenstein A. , Kloek W. , Van der Laar M.
Published: February 2025

This special issue of the Bulletin is devoted to the restoration and the art-historical and scientific examination of the four paintings from the Art Museum of the Republic of Romania in Bucharest, which were brought to this country at the beginning of 1990 in order to be restored and examined under the auspices of the Rijksmuseum in the context of the aid programme for this badly hit museum. It gives us great pleasure to be able to offer this bilingual publication, scheduled to accompany the presentation of the paintings, which will remain on exhibition for a month in one of the side rooms of the Gallery of Honour.
THE EDITORS
Een onbekende tekening van Paulus van Vianen
Authors: Schapelhouman M.
Published: February 2025

In het Bulletin van het Rijksmuseum 38 (1990), p. 301 is in de linker kolom een hinderlijke fout geslopen. Vanaf regel 21 (van boven) dient men te lezen: Hoewel Paulus van Vianen, in tegenstelling tot de meeste zilversmeden, een tamelijk omvangrijk getekend œuvre heeft nagelaten, zijn tekeningen die op ondubbelzinnige wijze met uitgevoerde kunstwerken in verband kunnen worden gebracht, zeldzaam.
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL SIZE PROFITABILITAS DAN GROWTH TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA SEKTOR PROPERTY DAN REAL ESTATE DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Handayani Fice , Widiastuti Gusti Novia
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial (KM), size (ukuran perusahaan), profitabilitas (ROA), dan growth (pertumbuhan perusahaan) terhadap nilai perusahaan (price to book value) pada sektor property & real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2022 baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor property & real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2022. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini secara parsial adalah kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan, ukuran perusahaaan tidak berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan, return on assets berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, pertumbuhan perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifkan terhadap price to book value. Sedangkan, secara simultan kepemilikan manajerial, ukuran perusahaan, return on assets, dan pertumbuhan perusahaan berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap price to book value.
THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION COMPENSATION AND COMPETENCE ON JOB SATISFACTION BASED ON THE PERCEPTIONS OF EMPLOYEESPT DAVIDI INTERNATIONAL IN BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Nainggolan Hermin , Anggraini Melly
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of compensation, motivation and competence on job satisfaction based on the perceptions of employees of PT Davidi Internasional in Balikpapan, either partially or simultaneously. The number of samples is 65 respondents. Data collection was carried out using primary data by distributing questionnaires directly to respondents. Data were analyzed by validity and reliability tests as well as multiple linear analysis, F test (simultaneous), t test (partial) and classical assumptions. The results showed that it was simultaneously proven that the variables of compensation, notivation and competence had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction based on the perceptions of employees of PT Davidi Internasional in Balikpapan Partially the compensation variable (XI) had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), partially the variable motivation (X2) has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), partially the compensation variable (X3) has a negative and insignificant effect on job satisfaction (Y) at PT Davidi Internasional in Balikpapan.
EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY LEVERAGE LIQUIDITY AND COMPANY SIZE ON FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN THE PROPERTY & REAL ESTATE SUB-SECTOR
Authors: Handayani Fice , Yusran Gita Amalia
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the influence of ROA, DAR, CR, and company size on financial distress in the property and real estate sub-sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period. Purposive sampling methods is used for sampling techniques. Multiple Linear Regression is used for data processing and analysis. So the results obtained are: return on assets has a positive and significant influence, debt to assets ratio has a negative and significant influence, current ratio has a positive and significant influence, company size does not have a negative and significant influence. ROA, DAR, CR, and company size simultaneously and significantly influence financial distress.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest Following Sexual Activity in an Asymptomatic Patient with Undiagnosed Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report
Authors:   Michael G, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada., Berg Annie
Published: February 2025

American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines suggest that sexual activity is reasonable for most patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) however, it should be deferred for patients with severe symptoms until clinically stabilized
Successful establishment of CRISPR-based genome-edited clonal cell populations from primary cells of buffalo, goats, and sheep
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Jose Bosco , Gautam Devika , Tara Aseem , Malhotra Shreya , De Sacchinandan , Singh Manoj K. , Selokar Naresh L.
Published: February 2025

Genome editing technology has great potential for precise DNA modification in mammalian cells. The ability to precisely generate the clonal population of CRISPR-edited geno-type is of great importance in gene function/ pathway analysis, drug discovery, and production of genome-edited animals. In the present study, we demonstrated an efficient method to generate CRISPR-edited single-cell clonal populations of farm animals, including buffalo, goats, and sheep. To generate clonal cell populations, the primary fibroblasts were established through explant culture and then electroporated with CRISPR/Cas RNPs targeted for the disrupted MSTN gene. We used a single-cell pickup method in which one cell was picked up using an ultra-fined glass capillary and transferred into each well of a 96-well plate. For promoting the growth of single cells, we used growth factor-supplemented media. After seeding a single cell to each well, the plate was kept undisturbed for 5-7 days, and then cell attachment rates were noted. We reported that the cell attachment rates for buffalo, goat, and sheep cells were 40%, 77.08%, and 83.67%, respectively. The proliferation rates were 70.83%, 75.67%, and 78.05% for buffalo, goat, and sheep cells, respectively. We noticed that cell attachment and proliferation rates were better in the case of goat and sheep cells; also, these cells exhibited less vacuolation compared to buffalo cells. In the present study, we generated 11, 20, and 20 single-cell clones of MSTN-gene-edited buffalo, goat, and sheep cells. In conclusion, our method can be efficiently used to generate genome-edited single-cell clones to harness the potential of CRISPR technologies in farm animals.
Mir-449b improves the epigenetic status of buffalo transgenic embryos produced by handmade cloning
Authors: Tripathi Gaurav , Gupta Sonal , Parsad Ram , Gupta Tanya , Selokar Naresh L. , Singh Manoj Kumar
Published: February 2025

The current study aimed to explore the effects of miR449b on the epigenetic status of transgenic embryos (containing human insulin gene) produced through handmade cloning. For this, in vitro matured oocytes were enucleated by microblade, and two demi-oocytes were fused with a somatic cell (transgenic cells) by electrofusion and after 1 h of electrofusion, the fused embryos (reconstructs) were incubated in 40 nM miR- 449b mimic/inhibitor by lipofection method for 1 h at 38.5°C in a CO2 incubator. After incubation, transfected zygotes were chemically activated and subjected to in vitro culture in RVCL (Cook®) medium for 8 days at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 in air, 90-95% relative humidity condition. Transfection of mi-449b was confirmed through the red fluorescence produced by miR-449b [tagged with 5 carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMARA) fluorescence dye] and the effect of miR-449b on epigenetic status was studied by immunofluorescence and qPCR. The transgenic embryos showed a similar development pattern as control embryos. The global level of 5-methyl cytosine was compared among three groups of buffalo transgenic cloned embryos produced by treatment of reconstructed embryos with miR-449b control, mimic, and inhibitor. It was found that the mean pixel intensity was significantly reduced (p<0.05) when reconstructed embryos were cultured for 2 h with miR-449b mimic as compared to control (mimic 7.92 ± 0.34 vs control 16.15 ± 0.50). At the same time, it was not significantly higher (p>0.05) when reconstructed embryos were exposed to miR-449b inhibitor as compared to control (Inhibitor 17.18 ± 0.88 vs control 16.15 ± 0.50). The relative expression level of HDAC1 and DNMT1 were significantly reduced (p<0.05), up to 0.33±0.39 fold and 0.16±0.74 fold, respectively, compared to control when treated with miR-449b mimic. At the same time, in the case of miR-449b inhibitor, the expression level of HDAC 1 gene was significantly higher (p<0.05) up to 4.89±0.39 fold compared to the control. However, in the case of DNMT1, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) 1.17±0.66 fold compared to control embryos. This study revealed that miR-449b mimic reduces the global methylation level of buffalo transgenic cloned embryos, hence improving developmental competence and quality.
Возможный тип алтайской этнософии
Authors: Володин А.В.
Published: February 2025

Предлагается теоретический взгляд на этнософию Алтая с целью выявить ее тип. Для этого привлекается текст А.Ф. Лосева «Возможные типы мифологий», входящий в корпус его «Дополнения» к «Диалектике мифа». Анализируется типологизация конкретных мифологий Лосевым – авторитарная, либеральная и социалистическая мифологии, а также некоторые др. Показывается связь этнософии с наукой о мифе Лосева, а также ключевые компоненты этнософии на Алтае. Выявляется спецификум алтайской этнософии: утверждается, что этот спецификум есть сам Горный Алтай. Демонстрируется невозможность полного отождествления алтайской этнософии с тем или иным типом в классификации Лосева. Предлагается вывод: расценивать этнософию на Алтае в качестве инварианта социалистической мифологии в терминологии Лосева.
S-движение планет по эллиптическим орбитам
Authors: Иванов-­Ростовцев А.Г. , Колотило Л.Г.
Published: February 2025

Используется модель S-образного движения со знакопеременными ускорениями для регистрации и анализа орбитальных колебаний планет. S-движение выступает в качестве общей закономерности, признанной как гуманитарными, так и прикладными науками. Траектории S-движения управляют системами и объектами от социальных институтов и политических систем до персональных роботов и беспилотных автомобилей. Применяется линейная развертка эллипса для временного анализа перемещения, скорости и ускорения движения по орбите. Показывается, как орбитальное перемещение в виде сигмоиды содержит две составляющие: линейную и колебательную. Представляется эвристическая модель маятника на тележке, описывающая физическую природу и характер колебаний планеты на орбите. Доказывается, что орбитальные колебания возбуждаются знакопеременными ускорениями при движении планет. Предлагается использовать полученные результаты для управления планетарными рисками и для анализа орбитальных движений спутников и звезд.
Связи геосфер в изучении опасных природных процессов. Пример Республики Узбекистан
Authors: Ретеюм А.Ю.
Published: February 2025

Приведены факты, свидетельствующие о роли водородной дегазации недр в повышении сейсмической активности и возникновении термических аномалий в атмосфере. Сделан вывод о целесообразности организации в стране службы мониторинга за содержанием водорода и озона в воздухе.
Therapeutic and Religious Significance of Astro ethnobotany in Vedic Astrology: A Lunar (Tithi) Food and Plants Study
Authors: Raj Singh  , Sharma Indu , Syal Jyoti
Published: February 2025

Astrology examines how celestial bodies move and their spots in the sky affect people and nature. Tithi symbolises the time, the Moon takes to increase its distance from the Sun by 12 degrees, thus defining a lunar day in the Hindu lunar calendar. A lunar month has 30 tithis kicking off with Krishna Paksha’s(waning phase) first day, Pradipada and wrapping up with Shukla Paksha’s (waxing phase) Poornima, varying in start time and duration, typically lasting between 21.5 hours to 26 hours. Tithi is considered one of the important elements of the Hindu Panchang, along with other elements like nakshatra, yoga, vara, and karana. The traditional Hindu festivals and calendar are organized around tithi. According to Vedic astrology, the birth date (tithi) of an individual has a significant effect on the life and personality of an individual. Tithi also plays a vital role in identifying auspicious mahurats for important tasks, an important factor which should not be overlooked. The present study is an attempt to explore more about Astro-ethnobotany, a new branch which studies the relationship between astrology and food items. The study is an endeavour to unveil that particular plants, foods, and vegetables, associated with specific tithis have the ability to antagonise the inauspicious effects of heavenly bodies on human lives.
Qualitative traits and shelf-life analysis of dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) genotypes
Authors: Pavan Kumar Kommu , Choudhury Tapas Kumar , Mandal Tapas Kumar , Sadhukhan Raghunath , Kumar P. Arun
Published: February 2025

The experiment on Qualitative, yield, and shelf-life analysis of dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) genotypes was carried out at Horticultural Research Station, Mandouri, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Nadia. During the year 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021 with a view to find out the best genotypes for Qualitative, yield, and shelf-life analysis of dahlia. The genotype Hiranmoyee had the largest individual flower weight (48.6g), Minu Yellow genotype showed highest floral diameter (22.1 cm), length of ray floret (11.4 cm) whereas, width of ray floret recorded highest in genotype Kelvin Rose (4.2 cm). Maximum flower stalk length (36.6cm) and vase life (5.1 days)was recorded in Jyotsona.
Control of major pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) using systemic insecticides in India
Authors: Bishnoi Manish , Bhadauria N.K.S. , Chaturvedi Megha , Nagori Anjali , Kumar Dheeraj
Published: February 2025

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a crucial vegetable crop grown all over the world, but its production is threatened by various insect pests which poses significant yield losses. This study was aimed to know the seasonal dynamics of major insect pests of okra over two years. Regular field monitoring was carydaut for various insect pests viz., aphids, whiteflies, bollworms, and fruit borers exhibited distinct seasonal patterns, with peak infestations occurring during specific seasons or months. Understanding these patterns is crucial for developing effective pest management strategies. The findings of this study will aid to farmers and agricultural professionals in implementing targeted control measures, reducing crop losses, and promoting sustainable okra production. Among all the different treatments tested viz., T1 - Emamectin benzoate, T2- Spinosad, T3- Thiacloprid, T4 –Indoxacarb, T5 –Flubendiamide, T6 –Carbosulfan, T7 –Chlorantraniliprole, T8- Untreated Control, the treatment T2- Spinosad was found to be highly effective with lowest population of major insect pests as compared to control.
INTRICATE INTERPLAY OF BACTERIA, VIRUS & OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM.
Authors: Mishra Adhish , Handa Adrian Shylla , Handa Dr. Anil Kumar
Published: February 2025

Over the past few years, the utilization of metagenomic sequencing techniques and analogous methodologies has significantly advanced our comprehension of the human virome's diversity and its implications for human health. The human organism is inhabited by a plethora of microbial communities, known collectively as the microbiome. Of comparable significance, yet seldom acknowledged, is the presence of a vast array of viruses, which are collectively termed the 'virome'. Viruses are widely regarded as the most prolific and diverse biological entities on Earth, with an estimation of 10^31 particles. The human virome harbours this vastness and intricacy, comprising approximately 10^13 particles per individual, exhibiting substantial variability among different body locations. This burgeoning field has elucidated the complex interplay between the virome and disease etiology, as well as the pivotal processes governing its establishment during early human life. It is now well established that the state of the viral community can correlate with deleterious consequences for the host, whereas certain states are indicative of a healthy individual. This Review aims to synthesize the current scientific discourse surrounding the human virome, focusing on the recent advancements in research that delve into the nuanced dynamics of virome assembly, its intricate composition, and the multifaceted interactions that unfold between the host and its viral counterpart.

These studies not only shed light on the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of the human virome but also underscore the critical role that the virome may play in both the preservation and disruption of host homeostasis.
A Comparative Analysis of Agile and Traditional Project Management Methodologies: Impact on Project Success Metrics in the IT Sector Amid Rapid Technological Evolution
Authors: Uzomah Ferguson , Agbana John , Joseph Alu Abani
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of agile and traditional project management methodologies on project success in the IT sector, where dynamic requirements and rapid technological changes are expected. Traditional methodologies, like the Waterfall model, follow a linear process suited for well-defined projects but struggle with adaptability. In contrast, agile methodologies prioritise flexibility and stakeholder collaboration, enabling quicker delivery. Employing a qualitative research design, the study involved semi-structured interviews and case studies with IT professionals and project managers experienced in both methodologies. Thematic analysis revealed that agile approaches achieve higher stakeholder satisfaction (82%) and faster delivery (75%), while traditional methods provide better cost control (68%) and structured workflows. The findings suggest that the choice of methodology should align with project needs and organisational goals. Agile is preferable for flexible projects, while traditional methods excel in predictable environments. The study recommends considering hybrid approaches, where initial phases use traditional planning, and agile execution follows to adapt to changing requirements.
Photodynamic therapy in the antifungal treatment against systemic infection by Candida albicans in a model of Galleria mellonella
Authors: Leite Sofia Hiluey de Aguiar , Silva Diego Romário da , Vasconcelos Priscilla Guimarães Silva , Silva Joanilda Paolla Raimundo e , Catão Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos
Published: February 2025

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in combating infection by biofilm and planktonic cells of C. albicans in the in vivo model of Galleria mellonella. Methods: The inoculum was prepared at a concentration of 2x108 of C. albicans ATCC 90028 and clinical isolate A2 from planktonic cells and was also used for the preparation of biofilms. The larvae were inoculated with the aspirated content of the biofilms and with planktonic cell concentrations. They were then treated with antifungals, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and red laser light. The laser energy used corresponded to a dose of 15 J/cm2 with a wavelength of 650nm and a power of 100 mW continuously, for 2 minutes and 30 seconds.  The treatments were analyzed for 120 hours. At the end of the survival assays, 3 random larvae from each group were lysed, diluted in series and plated in selective medium for quantification of fungal load. Results: PDT and fluconazole showed the best results in the survival curve and in the decrease in fungal viability observed by the quantification of CFU/ml of C. albicans. Treatments with red laser light did not impact on longer survival or reduction of CFU/ml concentration. Conclusion: PDT has action against planktonic cells and biofilms of C. albicans compared to standard treatment with fluconazole. The red laser light alone did not show positive results, indicating that the red laser light alone did not show antimicrobial results.
The life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni and schistosomiasis disease: an educational approach
Authors: Almeida Maria Eduarda Alves , Silva Yasmim Rodrigues dos Reis , Detoni Mariana Barbosa , Rocha Thiago Lopes , Damacena-Silva Luciana
Published: February 2025

Schistosoma mansoni, a digenetic trematode, is the causative agent of intestinal schistosomiasis, an infectious parasitic disease that affects approximately 54 million people annually and has a high mortality rate. Disease control involves treatment with the anthelmintic praziquantel, environmental sanitation, access to treated water, and population management of Biomphalaria snails, the intermediate hosts of the parasite. Understanding the life cycle of S. mansoni is an educational challenge due to the complexity of its multiple biological and ecological stages, requiring knowledge in parasitology, molecular biology, ecology, and public health. This difficulty affects students in both basic and higher education. In this context, the creation of illustrative diagrams and educational videos of the parasite’s life cycle proves to be an effective approach. Visual representations facilitate the understanding of the life cycle stages and their relationship to the disease, promoting more accessible theoretical and practical learning. Furthermore, these materials strengthen schistosomiasis control actions, especially in endemic regions, and contribute to the training of public health professionals. This study, therefore, aims to present an illustrative diagram and an educational video that address the different stages of S. mansoni’s life cycle. For the illustrations and graphic element assemblies, digital software and platforms such as Inkscape, Microsoft PowerPoint, Canva, and the GNU Image Manipulation Program were used. It is concluded that the use of graphic design software to create high-quality visual materials contributes to improving education and knowledge dissemination.
O discurso do personagem Chico Bento
Authors: Zurutuza Carla Cristina , Pereira Danielle Gomes Aziz
Published: February 2025

Este estudo estabeleceu como objetivo central utilizar a Análise do Discurso nas representações discursivas do homem do campo, difundidos pelos quadrinhos de Chico Bento, do cartunista Mauricio de Sousa, e como objetivos específicos, promover uma discussão sobre a análise da variação linguística nas falas dos personagens em Chico Bento; compreender como a fala produz sentidos a partir de construções ideológicas; e identificar estereótipos e efeito de sentido nos quadrinhos de Chico Bento. Como base teórica e metodológica, utilizou-se a Análise de Discurso de Orlandi (2010) e Pêcheux (2010), centrando, principalmente, nos elementos da linguagem oral e posição histórico-social do personagem em sua vida no interior (caipira) e na faculdade (cidade). O estudo se preocupou em aprofundar a análise do discurso de Chico Bento, tratando de desvendar o conteúdo latente que as representações das HQs (Histórias em Quadrinhos) têm, o que auxiliou na construção de sentido do discurso. A análise dos recortes das HQs mostrou que a dinâmica estrutural entre as imagens utilizadas é de fundamental importância para a representação da história, com textualidade e coerência, marcando cada espaço social do personagem, seu discurso no campo e sua preocupação com o discurso na cidade (república), inserido em outro ambiente social.
A Kantian Case against Sensitivity Readers
Authors: Sommerville Brooks
Published: February 2025

Some publishers are commissioning sensitivity readers to edit works without the author's permission. While a set of high-profile cases have received public criticism, the publisher's ownership of the relevant material in each case has been thought to rule out any serious legal objection to the practice. This paper proposes that Immanuel Kant's distinctive legal framework supports the view that a publisher who commissions sensitivity readers without the author's permission thereby wrongs either the living author or the reading public.
High Mortality Rate Due to Inflated Prevalence of Drowning Cases; An Observational Study Reflecting Regional Trends and Factors Affecting Asphyxial Deaths Due to Drowning in District Muzaffargarh
Authors: Sana Sanaila Gull , Ashraf Roman , Zahra Syeda Hina , Murad Tasneem , Ahmed Iftikhar , Javed Sumbul
Published: February 2025

Asphyxia deaths due to drowning, especially accidental deaths are soaring daily in many areas of Pakistan. This fact led us to conduct this study on prime areas of Muzaffargarh on the bank of River Chenab. Objectives: To determine the frequency of drowning cases and factors affecting their high prevalence. Methods: A retrospective study comprising 5 years (2019-2023), including both genders and age groups, asphyxia deaths particularly due to drowning but excluding unidentified bodies and other modes of asphyxia deaths. All variables are analyzed through SPSS-27. Results: Out of 412 drowning cases, 309 cases belong to accidental drowning (75%) with a predominance of the male population, almost 68.68%. The most prevalent age group involved is 11-20 years (31.31%). The majority of cases happen in the monsoon and summer seasons, 28.88% and 26.45% respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that asphyxia deaths due to drowning are rising day by day, especially the cases involving accidental deaths. This showed the lack of proper preventive strategies in areas of Chenab River in District Muzaffargarh.
ESTRADA ENTRE AS VILAS DE OURÉM E DE VIANA: AS POVOAÇÕES DE ÍNDIOS E AS CONEXÕES DO ESTADO DO GRÃO-PARÁ E MARANHÃO COM O ESTADO DO BRASIL (1768- 1774)
Authors: Silva Felipe
Published: February 2025

O artigo analisa a experiência da construção de uma estrada entre as Vilas de Ourém, na capitania do Grão-Pará, e de Viana, no Maranhão, entre os anos de 1768 e 1774, com o intuito de conectar regiões próximas de Belém aos circuitos pecuários oriundos da região do Parnaíba, no Piauí. Entre diversas justificativas que tornou concreta esta obra, a trilha do caminho passava, em grande medida, pelas povoações de Índios, como os Lugares de Serzedelo e de Piriá. Dessa forma, estas povoações serviram não apenas como pontos de paragem da comunicação entre Ourém e Viana, mas igualmente como espaços de arregimentação de mão de obra, em especial indígena, para o trabalho na construção da rota. Procura-se também enfatizar as múltiplas práticas espaciais dos sujeitos envolvidos na logística do envio do gado, ou seja, fazendeiros do Pará, do Maranhão e do Piauí, os militares, os diretores das povoações de Índios e as próprias populações indígenas. Assim, argumenta-se que, mais do que integrada ao circuito do gado do Parnaíba, a interligação entre essas duas regiões também representava um acesso mais facilitado às capitanias do Estado do Brasil, através dessa via terrestre, tendo como vetor as povoações de Índios do Diretório.
CONSTRUÇÕES SOCIAIS DO PASSADO, PACTO, AFETO: PROCESSO DE POVOAMENTO NA ILHA SARACÁ , MUNICÍPIO DE LIMOEIRO DO AJURU, ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Paes Chaves Genisson , Barbosa Magalhães Sônia
Published: February 2025

Neste artigo analisamos o processo de ocupação da ilha Saracá, localizada no município de Limoeiro do Ajuru, no estado do Pará. Para tal, acompanhamos a história de Ormino Vulcão, bisavô de um dos autores, antigo morador da ilha e proprietário de parte significativa de seu território. Ormino Vulcão foi um homem muito rico e sua riqueza se deve a um baú encontrado carregado de ouro e posteriormente pelo estabelecimento de um pacto firmado com o próprio diabo. O trabalho foi elaborado a partir da autoetnografia e da etnografia. Nesse sentido, realizamos entrevistas e registros fotográficos. Os resultados indicaram que o afeto foi um dos elementos responsáveis pelo processo de ocupação da ilha, aliada à oferta de territórios disponíveis, bem como a inexistência de proprietários que a reivindicassem para si. O caso de Ormino Vulcão é um exemplo clássico deste processo, seguido por outras pessoas que se “engraçaram” pela ilha Saracá e a tornaram sua morada, local de trabalho e reprodução sociocultural.
APRESENTAÇÃO DE DOSSIÊ
Authors: Barros de Lima Daniel , Álvares Mendes Lidiane , Gomes da Silva Filho Eduardo
Published: February 2025

O dossiê temático intitulado “Amazônia: territórios, migrações e fronteiras” reuniu trabalhos que dialogam acerca das dinâmicas populacionais que ocorrem nos espaços transfronteiriços Amazônidas, sobretudo, que permitissem ao leitor entender a Amazônia como um lócus de fluxo e refluxo populacional. Neste sentido, entendemos o território como um artefato forjado nas relações de poder, envolto em questões políticas, históricas, econômicas, sociais e culturais. Compreendemos o eixo fronteira, para além dos aspectos físicos, como vetor que delimita o tempo e o espaço e se relaciona com as transformações que ocorrem no teatro de operações sociais, como: as práticas do ambiente, de gênero, etnia, gerações, estilos e pluralidade de vivências múltiplas. A fronteira perpassa o conceito de lugar, se reinventa frente aos seus limites, podendo ser analisada por uma perspectiva teórica e metodológica, provocando reflexões sobre processos e situações sociais localizados entre espaços políticos, culturais, econômicos e jurídicos de formas distintas e diferenciadas. Desta forma, buscou-se sistematizar a história e descortinar a narrativa da escrita sobre a Amazônia, apresentando neste palco de investigações os pormenores que constituem a sociedade que coexiste e se movimenta. É o descontínuo que atrai os historiadores do tempo presente, com a anuência das memórias e trajetórias do passado, pois, não é sobre reconstruir a história e suas múltiplas esferas, mas, de reconduzir os margeados por narrativas ao seu lugar, sobretudo porque este passado não age mais, ele está à espreita, aguardando em seus vestígios, tirá-los dos esquecimentos das fontes.
Chemical Composition, In vitro Digestibility and Gas Production of Selected Forages Preferred by Dromedary Camels in Peri Urban Area of Isiolo Town, Kenya
Authors: Lusala Cyrila I. , Musalia Levi M. , Kirimi James G. , Thiakunu Florence K.
Published: February 2025

Inadequate feed resources in quantity and quality during dry season is the major factor affecting milk production in lactating dromedary camels under the peri-urban production system. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritive contribution of selected shrubs and fodder species to lactating camels in peri urban area of Isiolo town, Kenya during dry season. Nineteen samples of different browse species were collected based on palatability and analyzed for proximate composition, detergent fiber fractions, In vitro digestibility and gas production. Average dry matter (DM) percentage on all dried sampled shrubs was 90%. The crude protein (CP) content ranged between 4.98 - 26.66%. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) values ranged from 24.90 - 72.85% and 19.02 - 55.85% respectively. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) mean were 47.32% and 41.25% respectively. Acacia nilotica had highest OMD (75.29%) and DMD (62.80%) while Prosopis cineraria recorded the lowest at 24.21% and 22.10% respectively. Cumulative gas production was high in Haloxylon salicornicum (0.00-70.43ml/200mg) and low in Zizyphus mucronata (23.31ml/200mg) with increasing incubation time from 2 to 15 hours. The results indicate that the nutritive values of the forages were not adequate hence supplementation is required for dromedary camels during dry season in peri urban production system. Proper management and conservation of the rangelands through reseeding will also improve the forages nutritional composition.
Wat schuilt daar in het Riet? Bestuurders-aansprakelijkheid?
Authors: Driessen G.R.G. , Engelen D.
Published: February 2025

Wat schuilt daar in het Riet? Bestuurders-aansprakelijkheid?

In hun bijdrage bespreken de auteurs externe, rechtstreekse bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid in het licht van het arrest van de Hoge Raad van 23 november 2012, ECLI:NL:HR:2012:BX5881 (Van de Riet/Hoffmann). Volgens de auteurs is er een zeker patroon waarneembaar tussen dit arrest en de arresten van de Hoge Raad van 12 mei 2000 (NJ 2000, 440, Robu) en 23 januari 2004 (ECLI:NL:HR:2004:AL7051, Ponteecen/Stratex). Uit die arresten kan volgens hen worden geconcludeerd dat dga’s en bestuurders van de ‘kleine(re) bv’s’ effectief gezien een verhoogde kans lopen een persoonlijke zorgvuldigheidsverplichting op zich te laden jegens derden met wie hun vennootschap zakendoet. Die bestuurders zijn immers juist degenen die de dagelijkse werkzaamheden (moeten) verrichten, zitten over het algemeen ‘dichter op het vuur’, en lopen daarmee een groter risico om hun ‘vingers te branden’. In dit artikel wordt deze visie nader uitgewerkt en toegelicht.
Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan MP-ASI dengan Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Bayi Usia 6 - 12 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Harapan Baru Kota Samarinda
Authors: Azzah Afifah  , Choirul Anna Nur Afifah
Published: February 2025

Breastfeeding (ASI) and complementary feeding (MP-ASI) are determinants of a baby's growth and development starting from the period 0 days or the day after birth until the age of 2 years. Providing nutritional intake that is less than required can cause long-term growth and development in children, which is permanent and difficult to repair. This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and MP-ASI with the growth and development of babies aged 6–12 months in the Harapan Baru Community Health Center Working Area, Samarinda City. Type of quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The location of this research was carried out at the Posyandu in the Working Area of the Harapan Baru Community Health Center, Samarinda City. The sample in this study was mothers of babies 6-12 months with 84 respondents. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis technique uses the Spearman correlation non-parametric statistical test. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between giving exclusive breastfeeding and the growth of babies aged 6-12 months (p=0.00), there was a relationship between giving breast milk and the development of babies aged 6-12 months (p=0.021), there was a relationship between giving MP-ASI and growth babies 6-12 months (p=0.022), and there is a relationship between giving MP-ASI and the development of babies 6-12 months (p=0.042). Increasing the provision of appropriate breast milk and MP-ASI is very important to achieve optimal growth and development of babies.
Daya Terima Siomay dengan Substitusi Ikan Gabus dan Penambahan Daun Kelor sebagai Snack Tinggi Albumin dan Zat Besi
Authors: Iif Fitriyatul Mahmudah  , Asrul Bahar
Published: February 2025

A new snack innovation that is high in albumin and iron content in the form of dumplings uses snakehead fish substitution and the addition of Moringa leaves. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of snakehead fish substitution, the addition of Moringa leaves, the interaction of the two factors on the acceptability of dumplings (color, aroma, taste, texture), as well as the best albumin and iron content of dumplings. This research used an experimental method with a 3x2 factorial design which resulted in 6 treatments. The data collection technique uses a sensory test based on the liking level of 50 untrained panelists. The results of the sensory test data were analyzed using the Two Way Anova Test followed by the Duncan Test to determine significant differences in results, as well as to determine the best dumplings. Based on the results, the acceptability of dumplings only had an effect on texture, and had no effect on color, aroma, taste, either from the substitution of snakehead fish or the addition of Moringa leaves, while the interaction between snakehead fish substitution and the addition of Moringa leaves had no effect on color, aroma, taste and texture. The best dumplings are snakehead fish (100%) and Moringa leaves (20%) with a nutritional value of 4.10 mg albumin and 2.10 mg iron per 100 grams. The conclusion of this research is that substitute snakehead fish dumplings and the addition of Moringa leaves only affect the texture, however, the dumplings can still be consumed by the panelists and are useful for increasing albumin levels and body endurance as well as speeding up wound healing.