bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NNC55-0396 Reduces SH-SY5Y Cell Damage Induced by Bupivacaine Hydrochloride
Authors: Wen Xianjie , Wu Zhaoxia , Xu Shiyuan
Published: September 2020

Background
Local anesthetic neurotoxicity is a common complication in clinical anesthesia, which can cause permanent nerve damage in severe cases. The T-type calcium channel is an important channel for regulating the excitability of neurons. Normally, extracellular calcium ions enter the cell through the T-type calcium channel to change the excitability of neurons. When the intracellular calcium is overloaded, it can cause cell damage.

Aims
To investigated the roles of T-type calcium channel in the SH-SY5Y cells injury induced by the bupivacaine.

Methods
The SH-SY5Y cell culture model was used to observe the effect of T-type calcium channel blocker NNC55-0396 on the neurotoxicity of bupivacaine hydrochloride by MTT methold,flow cytometry, Western blotting and other methods.

Results
The results show that NNC55-0396 can block the T-type calcium channel of SH-SY5Y cells, improve the decrease of cell viability caused by bupivacaine hydrochloride, reduce the level of intracellular calcium ion, reduce the expression of Cleavedcaspase-3, and reduce cell apoptosis.

Conclusion
The above results indicate that the T-type calcium channel is involved in the SH-SY5Y cell damage caused by bupivacaine hydrochloride, and blocking the T-type calcium channel can reduce the neurotoxicity of bupivacaine hydrochloride.
PARTICIPAÇÃO E CONSTITUIÇÃO DE RESERVAS ORÇAMENTÁRIAS: O PAPEL MODERADOR DA INCERTEZA DO AMBIENTE EXTERNO
Authors: Peyerl Danrlei Anderson , Beck Franciele , Mucci Daniel Magalhães
Published: September 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar em que medida a participação orçamentária, moderada pela incerteza do ambiente externo, influencia a constituição de reservas orçamentárias. Foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada através de um questionário. A população foi limitada a gestores de nível intermediário, de diferentes áreas funcionais, com perfis ativos na rede social LinkedIn®, sendo a amostra final composta por 111 respondentes. Para a análise, foi adotada a técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados indicam que a participação orçamentária está positivamente associada à constituição de reservas; no entanto, esse efeito é mais forte em ambientes externos com níveis mais altos de incerteza. As evidências indicam que em um ambiente externo de baixa incerteza, a participação por si só não constitui um antecedente significativo para a criação de reservas. Em suma, os resultados sugerem que a incerteza do ambiente externo modera a relação entre a participação orçamentária e a reserva orçamentária. Esse resultado tem implicações no processo de planejamento orçamentário das empresas, que, ao buscar um orçamento com menor nível de reservas, devem restringir o nível de participação do gestor em ambientes externos altamente incertos. Por outro lado, em um ambiente externo de baixa incerteza, há pouca diferença entre um nível maior ou menor de participação na constituição de reservas
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE USE OF ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SYSTEM AND CONTINGENCY FACTORS: EVIDENCE FROM BRAZILIAN NGOS
Authors: Oliveira Alan Santos de , Arruda Lorena de Souza , Callado Antônio André Cunha , Callado Aldo Leonardo Cunha
Published: September 2020

In the context of Non-Governmental Organizations, management control practices cannot simply be replicated, because due to their specificities as well as internal and external environmental contingency factors, these organizations need to make adjustments and adaptations so that these same practices can be useful for the process of decision making. This paper aims to analyze how significant are the relations between the use of the ABC system and contingency factors among Brazilian Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs). To reach this objective, a descriptive, exploratory and quantitative survey was carried out. The universe of this research was composed by all NGOs listed in the Brazilian Association of Non-governmental Organizations (ABONG). All of them were invited to participate in the survey and 43 agreed to provide information regarding the use of the ABC system and six groups of contingency factors. Data collection was performed through questionnaires sent by correspondence. All variables were operated on a six-level ordinal scale. The statistical technique used to analyze the significance of the relations tested was Kruskall-Wallis test. The results indicated evidence of statistically significant relationships between the use of the ABC method system and contingency factors related to strategy, structure, technology and culture.
Para além do consenso
Authors: Ribeiro Dinalva Donizete , De Carvalho Verano Thiago , Lucas de Jesus Almeida Nadja Karoliny
Published: September 2020

A positivação e a legitimação do agronegócio como chave explicativa dos processos que ocorrem no campo, na economia e na sociedade brasileira, são sopesadas partindo da Análise do Discurso (AD), ferramenta indicada para compreender distintas definições, linhas e perspectivas teórico-conceituais sobre fenômenos amplos. A experiência empírica resulta das vivências no âmbito de um Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Agronegócio desde 2013, observando a elaboração do consenso e o produto ideológico final do discurso hegemônico: a reverberação do discurso positivado do agronegócio à sociedade. A pluralidade de processos produtivos e de comercialização, de cadeias e mercados não convencionais é apresentada, a fim de explorar as fronteiras da noção de agronegócio, que não reconhecem a priori aquilo que não se enquadra nas cadeias convencionais de produção e comercialização e nos mercados perfeitos, primando pela coerência com a teoria econômica neoclássica. Propõe-se rigor com o pensamento científico, com vista ao seu avanço, tendo base na complexidade da diversidade material e teórica.
A transformação da produção agropecuária e a migração no Mato Grosso
Authors: Silva Carla Craice da
Published: September 2020

A partir dos anos 2000, a difusão do formato da produção agropecuária associada às empresas transnacionais se territorializou em áreas específicas do Centro-Oeste, constituindo manchas de concentração de produção agropecuária. Neste processo, regiões específicas dentro do Mato Grosso foram privilegiadas, sendo que a ação do Estado foi primordial no processo de concentração da produção, como a microrregião de Alto Teles Pires. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a face demográfica do processo de territorialização do capital do agronegócio, com foco na urbanização e na dinâmica migratória. Foram utilizados dados dos Censos Demográficos entre 1980 e 2010 além de levantamento bibliográfico. Como resultado, nota-se que a verticalização da produção no campo, ou seja, a estratégia de integrar as diversas etapas da cadeia produtiva em uma mesma localidade apresentou a migração como uma de suas faces demográficas. O processamento de suínos e aves na agroindústria, integrado à expressiva produção de commodities, gerou intensos fluxos migratórios, seja associado à linha de produção da fábrica, seja pelos serviços gerais ou especializados.
Quando a socióloga quer ser professora
Authors: Rocha Marcela Cristina da
Published: September 2020

O presente relato tem por objeto o curso de formação profissional jovem aprendiz de uma empresa qualificadora localizada em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. O texto pensa a professora e suas potências, a partir de movimentos que habitam e preenchem seu cotidiano. Dessa forma, cada um cria para si o que se conhece, como uma autocriação docente, na qual toma o que é dos outros como uma experimentação didática, não há uma identidade na docência, há um movimento identitário que não se priva das diferenças. A pesquisa busca colocar em cena as cenas ficcionais de um real da aula, para, a partir dessas materialidades conceber afecções no âmbito da docência. Para tanto se vale do método biografemático, e da filosofia da diferença em educação. O que funcionou no fazer docente dessa aula, o que é que funciona, os elementos que compõem uma/a aula que funciona, uma sociografia das afecções.
A invenção da educação subversiva
Authors: Marinho David Glasiel de Azevedo , Silva André Gustavo Ferreira da
Published: September 2020

Este artigo consiste em compreender, a partir de fontes sigilosas que foram recentemente desveladas, os meios pelos quais, nos primeiros anos do golpe,  a ditadura civil-militar, sob forte ingerência dos EUA, tornou os aparelhos repressivos e ideológicos do Estado seus elementos constitutivos e atuou premeditada e decisivamente no realinhamento ideológico da educação – como epicentro de um modus operandi indissolúvel ao projeto das classes dominantes endógenas e exógenas. Ações coordenadas de criminalização que submeteram um dos principais pilares de desenvolvimento do país à métrica de um mercado educacional – privado – em expansão e promoveram o aprofundamento dessa ideologia no sistema educacional brasileiro. Nesse sentido, buscamos interpelar criticamente as estruturas de representação, por meio das ações do Estado e seus coadjuvantes, tendo como lócus o sistema informativo – e seus enunciados, com envergadura internacional e nacional –, o jurídico, observando algumas mudanças normativas, e o educacional, na condição de espaço vital de manutenção da ideologia das classes dominantes. Amálgama analisada por meio de fontes ulteriores – memorandos e telegramas secretos – e das condições objetivas de subordinação do Brasil aos EUA. Análise que, portanto, tenciona entender os influxos capazes de interferir na estrutura da educação brasileira ainda hoje.
Temas geradores e trabalho pedagógico no Centro Estadual Integrado de Educação Rural de Águia Branca, Espírito Santo
Authors: Jadejiski Rainei Rodrigues , Bicalho Ramofly
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho é fruto de uma dissertação de mestrado sobre as possibilidades de contextualização da Educação Ambiental no Centro Estadual Integrado de Educação Rural de Águia Branca (CEIER-AB). Tem, como objetivo central, relatar os modos de organização pedagógica dessa instituição escolar, apresentando as possíveis interfaces entre os temas geradores, o trabalho pedagógico e a realidade de vida dos estudantes. Em relação às questões metodológicas, utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica, documentos da escola-campo, observações, vivências, conversas e questionários aplicados aos estudantes e professores da 3ª série do Ensino Médio Integrado ao Curso Técnico em Agropecuária. Investigamos a organização do trabalho com os temas geradores, pautada, predominantemente, na obra Pedagogia do Oprimido, de Paulo Freire (2014). No trabalho com esses temas, identificamos que as questões do campo ambiental e social foram contempladas neste estudo. Compreendemos que tais questões ressoam no discurso e na tomada de consciência dos estudantes, demonstrando em suas falas, um enorme senso crítico. Constatamos, ainda, que as interfaces entre os temas geradores e o trabalho pedagógico possibilitaram uma estreita aproximação entre os saberes científico e popular.
Da catação de lixo ao contrato de prestação de serviços de coleta seletiva no município de Nepomuceno
Authors: Castro Nahara Maria Assunção de , Oliveira Benedito Anselmo Martins de
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho, um estudo de caso, tem como objetivo descrever toda trajetória do trabalho de catadores de materiais recicláveis no município de Nepomuceno, Minas Gerais, enfocando a significação da criação da cooperativa RECICLANEP e do estabelecimento do contrato de prestação de serviços de coleta seletiva entre esta Cooperativa e a prefeitura para os catadores. A metodologia para este estudo baseou-se no levantamento de dados primários, entrevistas semiestruturadas, elaboração de diário de campo bem como nas observações da pesquisadora, que, desde o ano de 2012, mantém contato com o grupo de catadores. Foram evidenciados benefícios sociais e melhorias nas condições de trabalho para o grupo de catadores, bem como perspectivas positivas quanto a continuidade da parceria da prefeitura e cooperativa no contrato de prestação de serviços de coleta seletiva.
Teaching and Learning Innovation in Switzerland: A Short-Term Faculty-Led Study Abroad Program
Authors: Romero-Hall Enilda
Published: September 2020

In this paper, I share my experience conceptualizing, designing, and implementing a short-term faculty-led study abroad program for undergraduate and graduate students. The primary theme of the program was on innovation in Swiss teaching and training practices. The location of the 10-day study abroad program was Lucerne, Switzerland; however, as part of the cultural aspect of the program, other cities in Switzerland and countries were also visited. The design of the study abroad program took approximately two-years. This paper serves to divulge the process followed for the creation of the faculty-led short-term study abroad program,which can aid the design of future study abroad programs with similar themes to other countries or regions of the world. Additionally, the design of this specific study abroad program provides insights into the logistical and creative process that others should consider in the creation of study abroad experiences that provide a balance between cultural and intellectual goals.
FİNANSAL DAVRANIŞLAR, FİNANSAL GERGİNLİK ve YAŞAM MEMNUNİYETİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER: ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: YILDIRIM KUTBAY Ayşegül , BAĞCI Haşim
Published: September 2020

Bu
araştırmada, bireylerin finansal kararlarına etki eden faktörlerin ortaya
konulması ve bireylerin aldığı kararlar doğrultusunda yaşadıkları finansal
gerginlik tespit edilmek istenmiştir. Ayrıca finansal gerginliğin yaşam
memnuniyetini hangi ölçüde etkilediğinin test edilmesi de amaçlanmıştır. Bu
bağlamda, araştırmanın değişkenlerini ölçmeye yönelik ifadelerden oluşan ve
online ortamda hazırlanan anket formu Aksaray üniversitesinde eğitim gören
öğrencilere mail aracılığı ile dağıtılmış ve 371 gönüllü cevaplayıcı tarafından
doldurulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, hesap kontrolü yapan bireylerin
kendilerini finansal açıdan gergin hissetmediği ve yaşam memnuniyetlerinin
yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca gider yönetiminin finansal gerginlik
üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi tespit edilmiştir.
AKADEMİSYENLERİN YÖRESEL YEMEKLERİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİĞİNDE İTHAL GIDA ÜRÜNÜ KULLANIMI KONUSUNDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: PEKERŞEN Yeliz , AYAZ Esma Ümran
Published: September 2020

Bu
araştırmada, yöresel yemeklerin özgün halinin korunarak gelecek nesillere
aktarılmasında bir tehdit olarak görülen ithal gıda ürünleri ve bu ürünlerin
kullanımı konusundaki akademisyen görüşlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma
Konya’da bulunan iki devlet üniversitesinde mevcut olan Gastronomi ve Mutfak
Sanatları alanında eğitim öğretim görevi yapan öğretim elemanları ve öğretim üyeleri
ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya Necmettin Erbakan ve Selçuk
Üniversitelerinde görev yapan 1 doçent, 3 doktor öğretim üyesi ve 3 öğretim
elemanı katılmıştır. Sayı az olduğu için örneklem yoluna gidilmemiş ve mevcut
evrenin tümü araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma
yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Veriler
içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda yöresel
yemeklerin hazırlanmasında ithal gıda malzemelerinin kullanımının geleneksel
lezzetleri tahrip etmesi açısından bir tehdit olarak görüldüğü ortaya
çıkarılmıştır. Katılımcılar, bu riski önleyebilmek adına yöresel yemeklerde
yerel ürünlerin kullanılmasının, yerel ürünlerin üretiminin teşvik edilmesinin
ve yöresel ürünlerde coğrafi işaret uygulamasının artmasının gerektiğinin
önemini belirtmişlerdir.
ÜNİVERSİTELERDE SPOR EĞİTİMİ ALAN ÖĞRENCİLERİN SPORDA LİDERLİK GÜCÜ ALGILARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: İSLAM Ahmet , TUNÇ Taner , ÇON Musa
Published: September 2020

Bu araştırma, spor eğitimi
alan öğrencilerin Sporda Liderlik Gücü algılarını ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla
yapılmıştır. Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırma, Üniversitelerin Spor Bilimleri
Fakülteleri ile Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokullarında 2017/2018
Eğitim-Öğretim yılında öğrenim gören öğrenciler arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya 1433 öğrenci katılmıştır. Verilerin
analizinde bağımlı (sürekli) değişkenlerin normal dağılım varsayımı
karşılanmadığı için parametrik olmayan istatistiksel yöntemlerden; iki grup
karşılaştırmalarında Mann Whitney U, ikiden çok grup karşılaştırmalarında ise
Kruskall Wallis H testi uygulanarak sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada, Üniversitelerin
Spor Bilimleri Fakülteleri ile Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokullarında öğrenim
gören öğrencilerin sporda liderlik gücü algısı alt boyutları açısından 
cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf, ailenin yaşadığı yer, kardeş sayısı, bölüm ve öğrenim
görülen üniversiteye göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar ortaya
çıkmıştır. Bulgular önem derecesine göre tartışılmış ve
yorumlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın özelde;  çok az olan Sporda Liderlik Gücü
Algısı araştırmalarının geliştirilmesinde alana çok daha fazla katkı yapacağı
düşünülmektedir.
LANSAT 8 OLİ UYDU GÖRÜNTÜLERİ VE GÖLGELİ RÖLYEF VERİLERİ İLE DOĞU ANADOLU FAY ZONU (BİNGÖL-KARLIOVA ARASI)’NUN ÇİZGİSELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: KIRANŞAN Kemal
Published: September 2020

Çizgisellik,
jeolojik yapıların ve jeomorfolojik birimlerin klimatolojik, hidrografik faktörler
ve bitki özelliklerine göre belirli doğrultularda yönlenmeleridir. Araştırma alanı,
Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu (Bingöl-Karlıova arası)’dur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Uzaktan
Algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ile çizgiselliklerin belirlenmesi ve
faylarla ilişkilerinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Veriler, 10 Haziran 2015 tarihli
Landsat 8 uydu görüntüleri, gölgeli rölyef, jeoloji ve topoğrafya haritaları ile
literatür verileridir. Landsat 8 OLİ uydu verisine Histogram Eşitleme ve Filtreleme
uygulanmış; SYM verisinden ise farklı ışıklandırma açıları ile gölgeli rölyef
verileri elde edilmiştir. Bu verilerden PCI Geomatica’da çizgisellikler
otomatik çıkarılmıştır. Doğruluk analizleri için faylara 200 m’lik tamponlar
oluşturulmuş ve bunların içindeki çizgisellikler fay kabul edilmiştir. Çizgisellik
ve drenaj veri ile yoğunluk ve yönlenme analizleri yapılarak faylar ile
karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak çizgiselliklerin faylar ile çakışma yüzdesi %
36 ile % 53,5; arasında değişmektedir. Yoğunluk ve yönlenme analizlerinde ise
sahada DAFZ dışında başka fay zonlarının varlığı görülmüştür.
ABD Konsolosluk Belgeleri Işığında Serbest Fırkanın Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÜNGÖR Hakan
Published: September 2020

Serbest Fırkanın
olaylı kısa ömrü, Türk siyasi tarihinde başarısız bir iki partili sisteme geçiş
denemesi olarak yerini almaktadır. Ancak partinin neden kurulduğu ve neden kapatıldığı
konusu geçmişten beri hem basın hem tarihçiler tarafından tartışılmaktadır. Bu
tartışmalar genel olarak üç ana başlık altında toplanmaktadır. Birincisi, Gazi
Mustafa Kemal’in bir an önce Türkiye’de çok partili demokrasiyi kurmak
istemesi, ancak İzmir olayları, yerel seçimler ve irtica yanlılarının partide
toplanması bu teşebbüsün erken olduğunu gösterince Gazi’nin bundan vazgeçtiği
iddiasıdır. İkincisi, Türkiye’nin girmiş olduğu ekonomik darboğazın ve buhranın
hafifletilmesi için Gazi kendi denetim ve kontrolünde bir parti kurmak
istediği, fakat parti kısa bir süre içinde onun kontrolünden çıkınca maddi ve
manevi desteğini çektiği fikridir. Sonuncusu ise Gazi’nin İsmet Paşa’nın gücünü
kırmak istemesi, nihayetinde bunun yanlış olduğuna ikna olmasıyla vazgeçmesi
üzerineydi. İzinli bir muhalefet partisi olarak ortaya çıkan SCF, iktidar ve
rejim için tehlikeli olarak görüldü. Çünkü SCF Genel Başkanı Fethi Bey ziyaret
ettiği yerlerde karışıklıklar çıkıyor, halkın iktidara karşı birikmiş olan
nefret ve öfkesinin patlamasına neden oluyordu. Sonuçta Fethi Bey, 17 Kasım
1930’da İçişleri Bakanlığına gönderdiği mektupta partinin kapatıldığını
bildirdi. SCF olaylarını yakından takip eden ABD İstanbul ve İzmir
Konsoloslukları, gelişmeleri sürekli ABD Dışişleri Bakanlığına rapor ettiler.
Bu raporlar ışığında, SCF’nin yeniden değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır.
THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION ON TURKISH ECONOMY: FEMINIZATION OF LABOUR
Authors: AYTEKİN Barış , ÖZŞAHİN Gülşah
Published: September 2020

The labor market is being sensitive to the developments such as economic growth, transformation of the sectoral structure etc. These transformations in the macroeconomic structure affect labor supply and demand, while they also determine the income sharing generated as a result of production. In this process, there are reasons why women’s labor is at the focal point. First of all, gender-related inequalities arise more in the economic field. Inequalities in terms of labor force participation opportunities and income gaps stand out in this respect. The process of change in the sectoral structure during the efforts of economic growth/development also affects the demand for women’s labor more. During the process of the economic growth in developing economies, the shares of industry and services in total production and employment are increasing, while, also, the opportunities for employment of women’s labor are increasing in these sectors. However, while, the disadvantages such as low wages, informal work etc. are perceived as contributing to the reduction of gender-related inequalities in terms of economic participation opportunities, they actually lead to an increase in the income gaps. The transformation in the labor market in Turkey in recent years also arises in this way.
OSMANLI TARİH YAZIMINDA ÖNEMLİ BİR KAYNAK: SULTAN III. AHMET DÖNEMİNE AİT BİR MÜNŞEAT
Authors: FİDAN Murat
Published: September 2020

Osmanlı Devleti’nden günümüze intikal etmiş çok zengin bir arşiv malzemesi mevcuttur. Osmanlılar kuruluşundan itibaren resmî belgeleri muhafazaya, bugünkü tabirle arşivciliğe büyük önem vermiş ve günümüze belge ve defter serilerinden oluşan zengin bir arşiv bırakmıştır. Bu çalışmada bu zengin arşiv içerinde yer alan münşeat mecmuaları konu edinerek özelde ise sultan III. Ahmet döneminde kale alınmış bir münşeat mecmuasının tanıtımı yapılarak ihtiva ettiği bilgiler ortaya konacaktır.
Bazy danych w archiwach państwowych. Podstawy prawne i wykorzystanie praktyczne
Authors: Galuba Rafał
Published: September 2020

On the XX turning point and the 21st century with important process occurring in the sphere of functioning of the civil service, including the state archival service, there is a transformation to the global information society, of which providing the free flow for information is a base in an electronic form. The development of electronic administration and becoming widespread are standing the on-line documentation new challenges in collecting, taking over, protecting and making archival materials available before the state archival service. He/she requires not only a computer development of infrastructure and giving the essential provisions essential for the appropriate circulation to the on-line documentation, but also preparing authors and archivists for assessing (of classifying and classifying) of on-line documentation. New tasks are standing in the sphere of disseminating archive information in an electronic form. Legal grounds for creating, the protection and correct practical functioning of databases at national archives consist of two types of provisions: 1) general, which constitutional bases are regulating you and civil rights, principles of operation of administration and public institutions and the process of the computerization of the public sector; 2) detailed – of archival law which is resolving principles of archival activity. Databases are playing an important role in the computerization of national archives and disseminating archive information amongst citizens. Still they are essential of action in favour of increasing their effectiveness and the public application as part of the realization of the concept of development of the global information society. Otherwise national archives and their users will be ruled out computer, when existing solutions in implementing electronic administration and managing the on-line documentation will remain on the margin of the worldwide process for the computerization.
Przygoda i Wygnanie. Dwie perspektywy doświadczania migracji w mieście, jedno wyzwanie polityki miejskiej
Authors: Kubera Jacek
Published: September 2020

The paper presents two sociological approaches to the migration experience. In the first approach, which corresponds to Georg Simmel’s essay The Philosophy of adventure, migration is regarded as an adventure. In the second approach, which was particularly explored by Abdelmalek Sayad (La double absence), migration is experienced as an exile. However, “adventure” and “exile” describe two different model situations of the migrant’s experience; they both cause the presence of homesickness and the lack of feeling that the inhabited space is a new home. This is why the migrant’s experience of adventure or of exile is treated in the paper as a challenge for every city policy. In the context of contemporary theories (like the metamodernism of Vermeulen and van den Akker), the author of the paper presents the propositions of urban policy which could meet the migrants’ needs and make them real members of the urban community.
The Early Upper Palaeolithic in the south Judean Desert, Israel: preliminary excavation results from Nahal Rahaf 2 rockshelter
Authors: Barzilai Omry , Aladjem Emil , Shemer Maayan , Zituni Rami , Greenbaum Noam , Boaretto Elisabetta , Marom Nimrod
Published: September 2020

The discovery of an Early Upper Palaeolithic rockshelter, Nahal Rahaf 2, in the southern Judean Desert revives the debate about whether the Levantine Aurignacian extended into the arid regions of the Southern Levant.
Sherds as archaeobotanical assemblages: Gua Sireh reconsidered
Authors: Barron Aleese , Datan Ipoi , Bellwood Peter , Wood Rachel , Fuller Dorian Q , Denham Tim
Published: September 2020

The earliest claim for domesticated rice in Island Southeast Asia (4960–3565 cal BP) derives from a single grain embedded in a ceramic sherd from Gua Sireh Cave, Borneo. In a first assessment of spikelet-base assemblages within pottery sherds using quantitative microCT analysis, the authors found no additional rice remains within this sherd to support the early date of rice farming; analysis of a more recent Gua Sireh sherd (1990–830 cal BP), however, indicates that 70 per cent of spikelet bases are from domesticated rice. This technique offers a high degree of contextual and temporal resolution for approaching organic-tempered ceramics as well-preserved archaeobotanical assemblages.
Hong Kong and Taiwan Confront Rising Chinese Pressure
Authors: Ching Frank
Published: September 2020

Under Xi Jinping, China has stepped up its efforts to strip Hong Kong of its autonomous status and stamp out dissent in the territory, culminating in its moves to impose a new national security law in 2020. At the same time, Beijing has ratcheted up its pressure on Taiwan, demanding that it agree to reunification with the mainland. Chinese pressures on both fronts have provoked local resistance. Taiwan may now become a haven for pro-democracy exiles from Hong Kong.
Can We Rebuild the Economic Consensus?
Authors: Yueh Linda
Published: September 2020

There are times in history when the consensus about our economic system breaks down. It happened after the Long Depression, also known as the Great Depression of the 19th century, and again in the 20th century around the Great Depression of 1929-1933, as well as after the Great Recession of 2008-2009 that followed the global financial crisis. The Covid-19 great crash, which carries the risk of a deep downturn, has led governments to take extraordinary measures in all areas of our lives. This has further fuelled the need to discuss how to rebuild the consensus about the most appropriate economic system for the 21st century as the great question of our time.

This is a reflection piece invited for the Dahrendorf Symposium.
Religious Messages in Rapa’i Tuha Aceh Song Lyrics
Authors: Ayu Agustya Kembang , Utomo Udi , Triyanto Triyanto
Published: September 2020

Rapa’i Tuha music comes from Aceh, there are many religious messages conveyed through song lyrics. The purpose of this study was to analyze the religious messages contained in the lyrics of the Rapa’i Tuha Aceh music song. This research used a communication approach using qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques were using observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis procedures were carried out through data reduction, presentation and verification. Data validity used triangulation of data sources, methods and theories. Analysis of religious messages in song lyrics in Rapa’i Tuha music used communication analysis by Effendy, namely the presence of messages and communicators, recipients of messages and the presence of media. The results of this study indicated that the Rapa’i Tuha contains religious messages namely the message of faith and the message of morals. Specifically, the findings in this study were that there was a message of faith which means everything that should be trusted, believed and faithful as a Muslim. As well as moral messages which are reflected in the behavior patterns of our fellow human beings where all of these religious messages are contained in song lyrics in Rapa’i Tuha Aceh music.
Hormone-responsive organoids from domestic mare and endangered Przewalski’s horse endometrium
Authors: Thompson Riley E , Johnson Aime K , Dini Pouya , Turco Margherita Y , Prado Tulio M , Premanandan Christopher , Burton Graham J , Ball Barry A , Whitlock Brian K , Pukazhenthi Budhan S
Published: September 2020

The endometrium, the inner uterine lining, is composed of cell layers that come in direct contact with an embryo during early pregnancy and later with the fetal placenta. The endometrium is responsible for signals associated with normal reproductive cyclicity as well as maintenance of pregnancy. In the mare, functionally competent in vitro models of the endometrium have not been successful. Furthermore, the ability to study various reproductive processes in vitro may allow critical evaluation of signaling pathways involved in the reproductive diseases of animals that cannot be handled frequently, such as various wildlife species. Here we report the establishment of organoids, 3D structures, derived from fresh and frozen–thawed equine endometrium (Equus ferus caballus and E. f. przewalskii). Although organoids from domestic mares responded to exogenous hormonal stimuli, organoids from Przewalski’s horse failed to respond to exogenous hormones. The present study represents a ‘first’ for any large animal model or endangered species. These physiologically functional organoids may facilitate improved understanding of normal reproductive mechanisms, uterine pathologies, and signaling mechanisms between the conceptus and endometrium and may lead to the development of novel bioassays for drug discovery.
PhenoMIP: High-Throughput Phenotyping of Diverse Caenorhabditis elegans Populations via Molecular Inversion Probes
Authors: Mok Calvin , Belmarez Gabriella , Edgley Mark L , Moerman Donald G , Waterston Robert H
Published: September 2020

Whether generated within a lab setting or isolated from the wild, variant alleles continue to be an important resource for decoding gene function in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans. With advances in massively parallel sequencing, multiple whole-genome sequenced (WGS) strain collections are now available to the research community. The Million Mutation Project (MMP) for instance, analyzed 2007 N2-derived, mutagenized strains. Individually, each strain averages ∼400 single nucleotide variants amounting to ∼80 protein-coding variants. The effects of these variants, however, remain largely uncharacterized and querying the breadth of these strains for phenotypic changes requires a method amenable to rapid and sensitive high-throughput analysis. Here we present a pooled competitive fitness approach to quantitatively phenotype subpopulations of sequenced collections via molecular inversion probes (PhenoMIP). We phenotyped the relative fitness of 217 mutant strains on multiple food sources and classified these into five categories. We also demonstrate on a subset of these strains, that their fitness defects can be genetically mapped. Overall, our results suggest that approximately 80% of MMP mutant strains may have a decreased fitness relative to the lab reference, N2. The costs of generating this form of analysis through WGS methods would be prohibitive while PhenoMIP analysis in this manner is accomplished at less than one-tenth of projected WGS costs. We propose methods for applying PhenoMIP to a broad range of population selection experiments in a cost-efficient manner that would be useful to the community at large.
Exiting from the Low Learning Achievement: Neurodidactic Insights
Authors: Brandišauskienė Agnė , Daugirdienė Aušra , Česnavičienė Jūratė , Bruzgelevičienė Ramutė
Published: September 2020

Lithuanian schools face the challenge of low learning achievement. International and national studies show that the results of Lithuanian school students are not tantamount. There are significant differences among different groups: between boys and girls, between students from different social–economic–cultural backgrounds, different types of localities (cities, towns or rural areas), as well as learners of different languages (Lithuanian, Russian, Polish) (Lithuania. National and Regional Education 2019. Student Achievement Gap). It is clear that the spectrum of factors influencing achievement is wide-ranging, from decisions made by students themselves, the teachers, or the schools, to the ones made in the wider settings or (context) or by municipalities. They all demand scientific discussion, but in this article we focus on the organisation of the teaching/learning process in the neurodidactic context.The work is based on theoretical insights, the core of which is neuroactivation in the learning process as one of the fundamental elements of good teaching and successful learning. In striving for quick, yet not always successful, learning achievement, we do not engage students in an in-depth learning process. Therefore, we fail to arouse interest in the subject taught; the students’ acquired knowledge is not preserved for long and is not used when necessary. By focusing on the teaching/learning process, we can lay the foundations for positive change at the neural level.Searching for the causes of low learning achievement and ways to overcome them, it is important to refer to the findings of contemporary studies concerning the connections between teaching and learning processes with the neuro-structure of children’s brains. A reciprocal connection was identified when learning changes the architecture (structure) of the brain, which in turn affects learning and attaches particular importance to the teacher’s work. It is its nature that can influence how the neuro-structure of the student’s brain changes at the cellular level. Therefore, it is important to consider aspects related to the student’s brain activity in the teaching process, namely excitation, awareness, memory and information transfer. In this respect, it makes sense to continue the research and to conceptually discuss the educational dimension and teaching/learning strategies when working with low achievers.
Longitudinal Trends in Costs for Hospitalizations at Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Russell Heidi , Hall Matt , Morse Rustin B. , Cutler Gretchen J. , Macy Michelle , Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Lopez Michelle A. , Shah Samir S. , Sills Marion R.
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Children’s hospitals are increasingly focused on value-based improvement efforts to improve outcomes and lower costs. Such efforts are generally focused on improving outcomes in specific conditions. Examination of cost drivers across all admissions may facilitate strategic prioritization of efforts.

METHODS:

Pediatric Health Information System data set discharges from 2010 to 2017 were aggregated into services lines and billing categories. The mean annual growth per discharge as a percentage of 2010 total costs was calculated for aggregated medical and surgical service lines and 6 individual service lines with highest rates of growth. The mean annual growth per discharge for each billing category and changes in length of stay was further assessed.

RESULTS:

The mean annual growth in total costs was similar for aggregated medical (2.6%) and surgical (2.7%) service lines. Individual medical service lines with highest mean annual growth were oncology (3.5%), reproductive services (2.9%), and nonsurgical orthopedics (2.8%); surgical service lines with highest rate of growth were solid organ transplant (3.7%), ophthalmology (3.3%), and otolaryngology (2.9%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Room costs contributed most consistently to cost increases without concomitant increases in length of stay. Value-based health care initiatives must focus on room cost increases and their impacts on patient outcomes.
The pointwise estimation of the one-sided approximation of the class $\breve{W}_\infty^r,\; 0 < r < 1$
Authors: Pasko A.M.
Published: September 2020

The pointwise estimation of the one-sided approximation of the class $\breve{W}_\infty^r,\; 0<r<1$, is established.
El movimiento de la négritude y el problema de la “unidad” panafricana (1919-1945)
Authors: Navarro Alvarado Guillermo Antonio
Published: September 2020

El siguiente artículo analiza el problema de la “unidad negra” en ejes conceptuales, históricos y teoréticos del movimiento de la négritude, proponiendo a este como eje determinante de su articulación política en el contexto colonial francés. En esta línea se examina la relación entre el movimiento de la négritude, el panafricanismo y el internacionalismo negro, propuestos como movimientos relacionales y salidas alternativas al mismo problema. El artículo concluye y defiende la existencia de una matriz teórica conjunta a la négritude y al panafricanismo, determinada por una historia común y el problema estructurante de la constitución de una unidad “negro-africana” en la superación de las identidades coloniales asignadas. Para ello se analizan fuentes primarias y secundarias producidas desde y sobre el movimiento.
Administration of hATSCs results in recovery of cerebral infarction animal model
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon
Published: September 2020

To examine pathway of stem cell transplanted to the brain, stem cells were infected with flourescence. hATSCs in the infarct region were mostly located at the border between intact brain tissue and the area of the infarction and in other sections within the infarct cavity. Examination of section with flourescence indicated that there was significant gliosis or infiltration of leukocytes around the implantation site of the stem cell. Implanted stem cell integrated and migrated to multiple areas of the brain including the contrallateral cortex. The cells persisted in the sites to which they migrated at 30 days after implantation. The heaviest concentrations of cells were transplanted into rats at 24hr after MCAO, more cells were migrated into injured area of brain cortex. Stem cell in the infarct region were found at the border between intact brain tissue and the area of infarction and within the infarct cavity.
Reverse Torque Values of Abutment Screws After Dynamic Loading: Effects of Sealant Agents and the Taper of Conical Connections
Authors: Ozdiler Arda , Dayan Suleyman Cagatay , Gencel Burc , Ozkol Gulbahar Isık
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of taper angle in internal conical connections of implant systems and the application of chlorhexidine gel as an antibacterial agent or polyvinyl siloxane sealant on reverse torque values of abutment screws after dynamic loading. Four implant systems having different taper angles (5.4°, 12°, 45°, 60°) were tested in this study. Test specimens were divided into 3 groups: control (neither chlorhexidine gel filled nor silicone sealed), 2% chlorhexidine gel filled, and silicone sealed. The samples were subjected to a dynamic load of 50 N at 1 Hz for 500 000 cycles before reverse torque measurements. The taper angle of conical connections presented a quantitative positive correlation between the degree of the taper angle and the percentage of tightening torque loss. However, it was significant only between 60° angled connection and others except for the sealant applied groups (P = .013 for control groups and P = .007 for chlorhexidine groups). The percentages of decrease in torque values of silicon sealant–applied specimens were significantly higher than both the control and chlorhexidine groups (P values are .001, .002, .001, and .002, respectively, according to increasing taper angles), but the percentage of decrease in torque values due to chlorhexidine application was not statistically significant when compared with control groups. Gel form chlorhexidine application as an antibacterial agent does not significantly affect the implant-abutment connection stability under dynamic loads. Polyvinyl siloxane sealant may cause screw loosening under functional loads.
Correlation Between the Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow and the Visual Analogue Scale Before and After Using a Nasal Decongestant
Authors: Zappelini Carlos Eduardo Monteiro , Oliveira Luana Gonçalves , Basile Luciana Campoy Giro , Costa Everardo Andrade da , Teixeira Rodrigo Ubiratan Franco
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The measurement of the peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) is easily and swiftly obtained, but hardly spread in Brazil though. On the other hand, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal obstruction is a subjective measurement that can also be used.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between PNIF and VAS for nasal obstruction before and after occurring a change in the nasal patency caused by the topic vasoconstriction. Study outline: Non-randomized clinical and experimental study.

Method: 60 volunteers, including patients, doctors, nurses and administrative assistants of the institution were submitted to PNIF and VAS examinations before and after the nasal vasoconstriction with oxymetazoline chloride at 0.05%.

Results: The average value found for pre-vasoconstriction VAS was 4.1 and, for post-vasoconstriction, it was 2. This represented a 44% range between the measurements. With regard to PNIF values, the average found when measuring the vasoconstriction was 151 l/min and 178 l/min after vasoconstriction, showing a 20% increase. At the pre-vasoconstrictor moment, increasing a point in average VAS value corresponds to a 3.8% decrease in average PNIF value. In the post-vasoconstriction, each increase of a point in average VAS value corresponds to a 4.5% decrease in average PNIF value.

Conclusion: There was an important correlation between the objective measurement of the nasal obstruction through PNIF and the subjective measurement provided by VAS before nasal vasoconstriction. A similar correlation could also be observed after using the decongestant.
Formación de una motivación positiva estable para estudiar con estudiantes mayores de instituciones de educación militar superior mediante la creación de un ambiente de alta lealtad
Authors: Grafeeva Ch. V.
Published: September 2020

La relevancia de la investigación está relacionada con el hecho de que en la historiografía doméstica el problema metodológico de las formas de superar las dificultades de aprendizaje, asociado con la falta de motivación interna positiva, no se ha estudiado prácticamente con el aspecto de enseñar inglés a estudiantes de instituciones militares de educación superior. En la historiografía extranjera, los temas de la formación de la motivación bajo ciertas condiciones educativas se consideran bastante ampliamente, sin embargo, sin énfasis en los detalles de la especialización de las instituciones militares de educación superior. El propósito del artículo es presentar los resultados de un estudio empírico realizado en la Academia Médica Militar. Los objetivos del artículo son identificar el nivel de motivación real para aprender inglés entre los estudiantes mayores de la Academia Médica Militar; presentación de los aspectos principales en la metodología de crear un ambiente de alta lealtad en las clases de inglés para estudiantes de último año de la Academia Médica Militar; consideración de nuevas perspectivas para estudios de la correlación entre la atmósfera de alta lealtad y la motivación positiva sostenible de la formación para enseñar inglés a estudiantes de la Academia Médica Militar. El autor del artículo utilizó los siguientes métodos: el análisis de contenido de la literatura científica, el método de observación pedagógica, el análisis de datos estadísticos, así como el método de encuesta sociológica (cuestionario). El autor del artículo verificó la hipótesis científica del estudio a través del experimento sobre la base de la Academia Médica Militar (Moscú). En la parte experimental del estudio, se probaron elementos de la atmósfera de alta lealtad para formar una motivación interna positiva entre los estudiantes mayores de la Academia Médica Militar. Durante el experimento, el autor del artículo logró resaltar la alta eficiencia de la metodología propuesta para enseñar un idioma extranjero mediante el ejemplo de la formación de estudiantes en una universidad militar
Identificación y selección de indicadores de factores socio-educacionales que afectan la calidad de los servicios
Authors: Enshaei Hamed , Manzari Tavakoli Hamdollah , Salajegheh Sanjar , Pourkiani Masoud , Babaei Hojat
Published: September 2020

Los municipios de la provincia de Mazandaran (Irán), como otras organizaciones de servicios, están trabajando dentro de los marcos legales. A la luz de la creciente importancia de la satisfacción del cliente y su respeto en los municipios, el objetivo de este artículo es identificar y evaluar los indicadores de los factores sociales que afectan la calidad de los servicios. La población estadística del presente estudio incluyó expertos y profesores universitarios en la provincia de Mazandaran. 15 personas fueron seleccionadas por un método de muestreo no aleatorio. Con base en estudios previos, la literatura de investigación y las entrevistas realizadas, el cuestionario fue diseñado y aprobado. De 36 preguntas sobre los factores sociales que afectan la calidad de los servicios, 7 estaban relacionadas con la calidad de los servicios. El examen de los ítems del cuestionario se realizó con el enfoque de la técnica Delphi y la idoneidad de los componentes y dimensiones se midió utilizando el software SPSS. De acuerdo con los resultados de la segunda ronda de la técnica Delphi, 33 indicadores de factores sociales que afectan la calidad de los servicios y 5 indicadores de calidad de servicio obtuvieron una puntuación superior a 3. Los servicios basados ​​en los criterios propuestos por los expertos incluyeron el comportamiento de los empleados, además de su competencia y habilidades, la innovación en la prestación de servicios, la coordinación y la responsabilidad de la organización, la confianza organizacional, el desempeño organizacional, la responsabilidad social y los valores laborales de los empleados. Además, la media de todas las dimensiones estaba entre 4 y 5 (entre apropiado y completamente apropiado). En conclusión, hubo un ajuste entre todas las dimensiones de los factores sociales que afectan la calidad de los servicios según los criterios propuestos.