bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults aged 25-64 years in a rural area of Thrissur in Kerala
Authors: Simon Catherine , C. R. Saju , Binu Jeffy
Published: April 2017

Background: Lifestyle changes have fuelled the epidemic of obesity, diabetes, hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is a global public health problem Even though it can be controlled by early diagnosis, lifestyle modifications and adequate treatment; many remain unaware of their hypertension, especially in rural areas where not many studies have been done. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in rural Kerala.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2011 to May 2012 in the rural field practice area of Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur. 423 adults, aged 25–64 years, were selected by multi-stage sampling. An interview was conducted using a pretested proforma and anthropometric measurements were recorded using standard guidelines. Diagnosis of hypertension was based on Joint National Committee (JNC) VII guidelines that included both new and previously diagnosed cases (on anti-hypertensive treatment) of hypertension (Systolic BP >140mmHg and/or Diastolic BP >90mmHg).Results:  Among the 155 males and 268 females in this study, the prevalence of HTN was 43.3%, of which 98 (53.6%) were previously diagnosed hypertensives and 85 (46.4%) new HTN cases. In the multivariate analysis, the significant risk factors of HTN were age {Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=2.03, (95% CI=1.48-2.79), p=0.001}, male sex {AOR=3.65, (95% CI=1.55-8.62) p=0.001}, central obesity or waist-hip ratio {AOR=23.78,(95% CI =4.47-126.42), p=0.001}, sedentary lifestyle {AOR=2.96, (95% CI=1.48-5.90), p=0.001}, high salt intake {AOR=37.37,( 95% CI=18.04-77.45), p=0.001} and current smoking {AOR=3.25, (95% CI =1.15-9.24), p= 0.001}.Conclusions: In this study, the prevalence of hypertension was 43.3%. Pre-hypertension was found among 26.5% of the study population. The risk factors associated with HTN were male gender, increasing age, central obesity, sedentary lifestyle, excess salt intake and current smoking.
Who copes up well? – comparative assessment among urban, rural and tribal school children in Mysore district, Karnataka
Authors: B. Prakash , T. S. Pradeep , Kulkarni Praveen , Narayana Murthy M. R.
Published: April 2017

Background: One of the features of modern life is ever increasing stress. Stress is an epidemic in the 21st century that commonly affects all of us on a daily basis. Adolescence can be a stressful time as this age group people are dealing with the challenges of puberty, changing expectations and coping with new feelings. Coping is the process of managing demands (external or internal) that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person. Coping consists of efforts, both action-oriented and intrapsychic. The relationship between coping and a stressful event represents a dynamic process. With this background study was conducted to assess the coping ability of tribal, rural and urban school children of Mysuru District. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study conducted in Tribal, rural and urban Mysuru.A Pre tested semi-structured proforma which included general profile and socio-demographic profile of student was used. Information about coping skills was collected through Tobin Coping Strategies Inventory 32 item scale. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation were applied. Anova test for comparison of means between three groups. Independent t test was applied for comparison between two groups. The association was expressed statistically significant at p-value less than 0.05. Results: In regards to problem solving, cognitive restructuring, expressing emotions, social contact, wishful thinking, social withdrawal, self-criticism there was a significant difference among 3 groups with p-value <0.05, with regards to problem focused engagement and emotion focused engagement there was a significant difference among 3 groups with p-value< 0.05 with tribal high school participants having higher scores and with regards to engagement there was a significant difference among 3 groups with p-value <0.05 with tribal high school participants having higher scores.Conclusions: The present study was a community based cross sectional study conducted among tribal, rural and urban high school students of Mysuru district aged 14-16 years which revealed tribal school participants had better coping strategy next to urban. Males differed from females with respect to their coping strategies especially in rural and urban participants.
vitamin B12 status among anaemic adolescents
Authors: Surana Amita , Tilwani Sandeep , Patel Shefali , Prajapati Hiren , Prasad Rajeev
Published: April 2017

Background: Nutritional anaemia are common health problems. Most studies are done regarding iron deficiency anaemias. There are limited data regarding vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia especially in adolescents. Aims and objectives of the study were to find the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among anaemic adolescents and to study various socio-demographic factors and hematological parameters associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Methods: Cross sectional hospital based observational study of 211 adolescents (10 -18 year) with anaemia. Socio demographic characteristics like age, sex, education of mother & patient, socio- economic class, dietary history were noted for each patient. CBC including RBC indices and serum estimation of vitamin B12 level were done for each patient. Results: Anaemia was seen in 46.6% of adolescents. Vitamin B12 deficiency was seen in 49.76%. Vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly associated with male gender (p=0.032) and vegetarians (p=0.047). Moderate to severe degree of anaemia (p=0.016), macrocytosis (p= 0.000) and thrombocytopenia (p=0.007) was more observed in vitamin B12 deficient patients as compared to vitamin B12 non deficient groups. Statistically significant fall in mean haemoglobin level and increase in mean MCV values were seen with decreasing serum vitamin B12 level. Conclusions: Among anemic male and vegetarian adolescents vitamin B12 deficiency is a significant health problem. Hematological findings in peripheral blood are more associated with severe degree of vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 supplementation along with IFA should be addressed through national programmes.
Titanium elastic nailing for paediatric femoral shaft fractures: a prospective descriptive study
Authors: . Santosha , Gulrez Shams
Published: April 2017

Background: Femoral shaft fracture is the most common major paediatric orthopaedic fractures. For generations traction and casting was the standard treatment for all femoral shaft fractures in children. Over the past two decades the advantages of fixation and rapid mobilisation have been increasingly recognised. Aim: To assess the functional and clinical outcome after closed reduction and internal fixation with titanium elastic nail in diaphyseal femoral fractures between 5 to 16 years.

Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, from September 2013 to April 2015. Thirty children (20 boys and 10 girls) in the age group of 5 to 16 years with recent femoral diaphyseal fractures were stabilised by titanium elastic nails [TENS]. Results were evaluated according to Flynn’s scoring criteria.

Results: After 25 months of follow up all thirty patients were available for evaluation. Radiological union were achieved in a mean time of 11.5 weeks. Mean duration of hospital stay was 15.23 days. According to Flynn’s criteria of TENS outcome score results were excellent in 66.7% patients, Satisfactory in 30% patients, Poor in 3.3% patient. All patients had early return to school. Per operative technical problems included failure of closed reduction in 2 cases.

Conclusions: Titanium elastic nailing is an effective treatment in diaphyseal fractures of femur in properly selected patients. 
Intra articular fracture of distal end of radius treated by open reduction and internal fixation with buttress plate-a clinical study
Authors: Patil Pavankumar H. , Pamarathi Srinivas
Published: April 2017

Background: Recognition of fracture patterns and fixation of fracture to secure and maintain reduction is the key for successful management of more complex intra articular fractures of distal radius. Devices like buttress plates have been shown to provide excellent stability for an unstable fracture with either dorsal or volar metaphyseal comminution. The objective of the study was to evaluate the functional outcome of intra articular fracture of distal end of radius treated by open reduction and internal fixation by buttress plate using Criteria of Gartland and Werley Point System.

Methods: Twenty patients with intra articular fracture of distal end radius were treated by open reduction and internal fixation by buttress plate in Al-Ameen medical college, Bijapur. Statistical analysis: The data obtained was represented as percentage.

Results: The study included 20 patients, 11 males and 9 females aged from 21 to 69 years with mean of 40.2 years. The average duration of follow-up was 7 months ranged from 6-10 months. Using the Demerit scoring system of Gartland and Werley, we had 20% excellent results, 45% good results, 20% fair results and 15% poor result whereas, excellent to good results were found in 65% of patients.

Conclusions: Open reduction and internal fixation by buttress plate provides better functional outcome in treating the intra articualar fracture of distal end radius. Excellent to good results are produced by using buttress plate for fixation of intra articular fractures of distal end radius. So, this procedure can be used as alternative to other procedures in treating intra articular fractures of distal end radius.
A prospective study of distal radius fracture management by close reduction, percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation and plaster immobilization
Authors: Chattopadhyay Abhishek , Banerjee Upal , Sinha Prashant Kumar , Misra Subarna , Chattopadhyay Ananya , Veeragandham Prasad
Published: April 2017

Background: Distal radius fracture is one of the most common fractures. It may be sustained due to low-energy trauma or high-energy trauma. Objectives: To compare the clinical effectiveness of Kirschner wire fixation with and plaster immobilization for patients with fracture of the distal radius.

Methods: Interventions Kirschner wire fixation: wires are passed through the skin over the dorsal aspect of the distal radius and into the bone to hold the fracture in the correct anatomical position. About 79 patients with Distal Radial Fractures presented to MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj between November 2012 and June 2014 were included in the study.

Results: The majority were men (60.4%). Majority of the patients (69.8%) sustained the injury due to fall. The side of involvement was nearly equal and that there was no predominance of the either sides. In our study, according to AO classification, 31 cases were of Type A, 17 were of Type B and 5 were of Type C. The Anatomical evaluation by Sarmiento’s Criteria showed 33 patients with excellent result, 15 patients with good result and 5 with a fair result. At final follow-up by ‘The Gartland and Werley criteria for functional outcome’ 37 patients had excellent result, 13 had good result, 2 had fair result and 1 had a poor result.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that percutaneous Kirschner wire pinning is a minimally invasive technique that provides an effective means of maintaining the anatomical fracture reduction. It does not required highly skilled personnel or sophisticated tools for application. It is a suitable method for fixation of displaced Colles fracture with minimal intra-articular involvement. The technique involves a minimal procedure that provides anatomic reduction, fracture fixation, and maintenance of reduction with an adequate method of immobilization.
Management of infected non-union of lower limb long bone fractures using ilizarov technique: a study of outcomes
Authors: Pande Hrishikesh , Singh Chander Mohan , Prabhakara Anjan , Philip Vivek Mathew , Iqbal Mohd Shezan , Sharma Yogesh
Published: April 2017

Background: Nonunion of long bone fractures is a common condition treated by an orthopaedic surgeon. Many nonunions can be treated effectively by internal fixation with or without bone grafting but, an infected nonunion can prove to be a tough challenge. The Ilizarov method is effective in managing infected nonunion of long bones. This study aims to assess the outcome of management of infected nonunions of long bones of lower limb with Ilizarov Ring fixator using bone and functional results as per Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) Scoring System.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 18 patients (16 Male: 2 Female; Mean age 43.2 years) managed with Ilizarov technique for an infected tibial or femoral nonunion between 01 January 2013 and 31 December 2014. They were followed up for an average of 25.4 months after removal of fixator. They were assessed for functional and Bone (radiological) outcomes using the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria.

Results: 17 limbs were salvaged and union could be achieved. One limb required amputation due to severe persistent intractable infection. None required any additional skeletal stabilisation after removal of fixator frame except casting in a few patients for a period of 6 weeks. Mean time to union was 211.83 days (range 136 - 320days/median 184) or 7.01 months. As per the ASAMI score, Bone results were excellent in 10, good in 5, fair in 2 and poor in 1. Functionally 7 were graded as excellent, 6 as good, 3 as fair and 1 as poor and 1 patient underwent amputation.

Conclusions: The Ilizarov’s method remains one of the most versatile and successful means of achieving bone healing in infected nonunions of long bones of lower limbs with additional benefits of correcting bone defects, deformities and limb length inequalities. 
A retrospective analysis of computed tomography guided biopsy in the diagnosis of primary bone tumors
Authors: Dominic Kuriakku Puthur , Dijoe Davis , Toms Jacob
Published: April 2017

Background: Primary bone tumors account for a small yet significant number in the total incidence of tumors. Computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous core biopsy is a novel yet significant step in the approach towards the diagnosis of bone tumors and is increasingly performed by orthopaedic oncologists around the world. This study is aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CT guided biopsy in the diagnosis of primary bone tumors.

Methods: Patients who underwent CT guided biopsy and subsequent excision for primary bone tumors from January 2008 to July 2015 were analysed. CT guided biopsy results were compared with post-operative histopathological reports to evaluate its sensitivity and specificity.

Results: A total of 161 patients were included in the retrospective study. Among them, 147 were true positives, 7 were false negatives, 6 were true negatives and one was false positive. The sensitivity of CT guided biopsy in the diagnosis of primary bone tumor was 95.4 % with specificity of 85.7% with a diagnostic efficiency of 90.5%. The complication rate was 4.3%.

Conclusions: CT guided biopsy is a safe, simple and effective procedure to rule out and rule in the diagnosis of primary bone tumors.
Clinical outcome of intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection for knee joint osteoarthritis: a prospective interventional study from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sudheer Urampath , Jayaprakash Chundarathil
Published: April 2017

Background: The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is estimated to be 14% and 6% in rural and urban areas of India, respectively. In severe cases, the American Academy of Orthopedics Surgeons recommends non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A prospective interventional study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of intra-articlular hyaluronic acid injection (IAHA) in knee OA patients.

Methods: Medical records of 29 patients with knee OA, who were treated with IAHA injection, were analyzed using a 24 item WOMAC scale for the pain, stiffness, and physical function scores. Furthermore, the patients’ quality of life was evaluated based on the SF-12 scale and a global status assessment of knee OA was performed using the Likert scale and visual analogue scale (VAS). The data were analysed statistically.

Results: The overall WOMAC pain, stiffness, and physical function scores decreased following the IAHA administration in patients with knee OA. The mean pain scores decreased from 10.82 to 3.62 and stiffness scores dropped from 4.34 to 2.03. The mean physical function scores decreased from 36.75 to 17.1 (p<0.0001). The Likert scale and VAS demonstrated statistically significant (P < 0.0001) improvement in the patient’s health status. Overall, nearly 80% of the patients expressed little-to-none physical or emotional problems four weeks after IAHA treatment.

Conclusions: A single IAHA injection provided statistically significant improvement in pain, disability, and quality of life in knee OA patients. 
Comparative study between dynamic hip screw and plate with proximal femoral nailing in trochanteric fractures of femur
Authors: Nizamoddin Khateeb M. K. , D. G. Satish Babu
Published: April 2017

Background: Incidence of intertrochanteric fractures has increased significantly during recent years and it will probably continue to rise in near future due to increased longevity of life. Closed methods of treatment for intertrochanteric fractures have increased mortality rates & have largely been abandoned. Rigid internal fixation and early mobilization has been the standard protocol of treatment nowadays. This study was intended to compare the results of Intertrochanteric fractures treated by dynamic hip screw (DHS) over proximal femoral nailing (PFN).

Methods: This is a randomized prospective study of 102 cases of intertrochanteric fractures, admitted to Mysore Medical College & Hospital, Mysore and ESIC medical college and hospital Kalaburagi and Kamareddy Ortho & Trauma care Hospital Kalaburagi; treated with proximal femoral nailing and DHS. The patients were divided randomly into two groups, each of 51 patients, 51 were treated by Dynamic Hip Screw & 51 were treated with proximal femoral nail (PFN).All patients were followed up for one year.

Results: In our series of 102 patients of Intertrochanteric fractures, 51 were treated with sliding hip screw with plate and 51 were treated by an intra-medullary hip screw. Most of the patients were between 51 to 80 years. Slip and trivial fall accounted for 70% cases. Right side was more common accounted for 58.34% of cases.

Conclusions: From our study, we consider PFN as better alternative to DHS in more unstable fractures with technically difficulty and require more experience. Sliding hip screw remains the implant of choice for stable type fractures. We noticed less operative time, less blood loss, fewer intra-op complications in PFN group. The quality of the reduction achieved & proper positioning of the implant are important to achieve the best post-operative outcome.
Energy-based devices for treatment of melasma
Authors: Jordão Juliana Merheb , Rebellato Priscila Regina Orso
Published: April 2017

Melasma, as a pigmentation disorder, induces significant stress to the patients and its recurrent nature remains a challenge in clinical practice. Treatment is based on a variety of mechanisms to prevent and/or stop the pigment production process by destroying the deposited pigment for removal or release, by peeling cells to improve their turnover, and by reducing inflammation. The use of appropriate devices and correct settings are crucial in the treatment of melasma. Cases unresponsive to topical bleaches or chemical peels should be referred for laser therapy. It is important that a maintenance therapy to avoid the recurrence of melasma be indicated. In this paper, we review energy-based devices for melasma treatment.
Entre mídia e comunicação: origens e modalidades de uma dicotomia nos estudos da área
Authors: Martino Luis Mauro Sá
Published: April 2017

Embora as palavras “mídia” e “comunicação” muitas vezes apareçam de maneira indistinta nos estudos da área, em termos epistemológicos essa relação talvez não seja óbvia. Este texto propõe que, embora tomadas como sinônimas, cada uma dessas expressões revela um posicionamento epistemológico, discutido a partir de três aspectos: (a) entre as noções de “mídia” e “comunicação” como recorte de estudos; (b) entre demandas acadêmicas e de mercado na formação das teorias; (c) entre a palavra “comunicação” e sua utilização como operador epistemológico delimitador de uma área. Essas tensões são pensadas a partir dos referenciais de pesquisa da epistemologia da comunicação.
Torches of Freedom: mulheres, cigarros e consumo
Authors: Leal Tatiane , Freire Filho João , Rocha Everardo
Published: April 2017

Este artigo analisa a relação entre consumo de cigarro e ideais de emancipação feminina em situações ocorridas ao longo do XX. A partir da marcha conhecida como Torches of Freedom em 1929 e de algumas campanhas publicitárias tanto nos Estados Unidos quanto no Brasil são discutidos aspectos do contexto cultural no qual se formataram as condições de possibilidade para que os sentidos do tabagismo feminino fossem transformados em representações da liberdade. De produto masculino, considerado imoral para as mulheres, o cigarro se transforma em símbolo da mulher moderna. As conclusões desse artigo indicam a complexidade das relações entre feminismo e consumo ao longo da história.
Editorial
Authors: Cogo Denise , Casaqui Vander
Published: April 2017

Editorial
Una mirada lejos del 'deber ser' de las mujeres: la poesía de Josefa Murillo
Authors: Cañedo César
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir que la crítica tradicional ha considerado la obra de Josefa Murillo (Tlacotalpan, Veracruz, 1860-1898) a partir de una imagen preconcebida de la poetisa romántica decimonónica: dolorida, contemplativa, casta y resguardada. Revisaremos la consolidación de tal imagen así como una crítica a la misma para mostrar cómo cierta poesía de la autora no se ajusta a los moldes del deber ser de las mujeres de la época, sino que en voz de su seudónimo “Totoloche”, la autora despliega una serie de temáticas insumisas, en las que la voz poética femenina burla y desafía, con una considerable dosis de humor, la autoridad masculina y, con ella, una serie de prácticas amorosas, poéticas y literarias que constreñían el discurso de las mujeres y las posibilidades que éstas tenían de ejercer la voz y ser reconocidas.
La Revolución narrada desde los márgenes: representaciones anómicas de la violencia en 'Cartucho', de Nellie Campobello
Authors: Avechuco Cabrera Daniel
Published: April 2017

Nellie Campobello publica Cartucho en 1931, cuando el Maximato se encontraba en su apogeo. Este dato no es circunstancial, puesto que uno de los objetivos de la obra es reparar el nombre de Pancho Villa, tan denostado por los gobiernos posrevolucionarios. Como estrategia de su labor vindicativa, Campobello reproduce literariamente los esquemas de la oralidad y adopta un enfoque regionalista de la Revolución. Este par de decisiones contribuyen a la proyección de una imagen insólita del conflicto armado y de los ejércitos populares, particularmente en lo concerniente a la violencia. El propósito de este artículo es analizar de qué modo la violencia revolucionaria, según Cartucho, diverge en grado sumo de las representaciones canónicas del periodo.
Research of Internal Migration by Compartment Models
Authors: Cakmak Fatih , Oktay Erkan
Published: April 2017

Migration, which consists of quite complex components, is a concept subjected in many scientific research areas. Internal migration refers a migration occurred in the boundaries of a country. Migration in Turkey usually tends to be directed towards larger and more industrialized provinces. Nevertheless, there exists a density on the direction of certain provinces such as migration from Erzurum to Bursa. Nowadays, the proceeding of the migration flows between Erzurum and Bursa since 1980’s is another point which necessitates to be examined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the migration between Erzurum and Bursa by using compartment models in the 1980-2015 period. The paper performs compartment models to explain the changes of migration flows in terms of gross domestic product, unemployment rate, and time. According to the results, there is a significant increase in migration from Erzurum to Bursa depending on the time of migration and unemployment rate. Nonetheless, there is no significant change related with the gross domestic product. In addition, the study has shown that migration increases as unemployment rate decreases; but there is no significant change in migration depending on time and gross domestic product from Bursa to Erzurum.
Worksheets that Teach: Algebra 2, Volume II
Authors:   Quantum Scientific Publishing
Published: April 2017

Worksheets That Teach are completely different than normal classroom worksheets because they actually teach the content!

Each content-based worksheet begins by actually teaching all of the content in the stated learning objective(s) before moving into the set of exercises that are normally found in a classroom worksheet.

Worksheets That Teach are ideal for:
1. Classroom use to reinforce a topic
2. Student test preparation
3. Homeschooling
4. Individual tutoring sessions
5. Successful students that would like the additional challenge of exploring a new topic on their own
6. Substitute teachers that need to teach a class in an unfamiliar discipline

Worksheets That Teach Series Areas of Study:
Foreign Languages
General Studies
History
Language Arts
Mathematics
Science
Worksheets that Teach: Prealgebra, Volume II
Authors:   Quantum Scientific Publishing
Published: April 2017

Worksheets That Teach are completely different than normal classroom worksheets because they actually teach the content!

Each content-based worksheet begins by actually teaching all of the content in the stated learning objective(s) before moving into the set of exercises that are normally found in a classroom worksheet.

Worksheets That Teach are ideal for:
1. Classroom use to reinforce a topic
2. Student test preparation
3. Homeschooling
4. Individual tutoring sessions
5. Successful students that would like the additional challenge of exploring a new topic on their own
6. Substitute teachers that need to teach a class in an unfamiliar discipline

Worksheets That Teach Series Areas of Study:
Foreign Languages
General Studies
History
Language Arts
Mathematics
Science
Retrospective Proteomic Screening of 100 Breast Cancer Tissues
Authors: Pucci-Minafra Ida , Di Cara Gianluca , Musso Rosa , Cancemi Patrizia , Albanese Nadia Ninfa , Roz Elena , Minafra Salvatore
Published: April 2017

The present investigation has been conducted on one hundred tissue fragments of breast cancer, collected and immediately cryopreserved following the surgical resection. The fragments were selected from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, the most common and potentially aggressive type of mammary cancer, with the objective to increase the knowledge of breast cancer molecular markers, useful for diagnostic and prognostic categorization of patients, in assessing post-surgical therapeutic regimes. The proteomic screening, by 2D-IPG and mass spectrometry, allowed us to identify two main classes of protein clusters: proteins expressed ubiquitously at high levels in all patients, and proteins expressed sporadically among the same patients. Within the group of ubiquitous proteins, glycolytic enzymes and proteins with anti-apoptotic activity were predominant. Among the sporadic ones, proteins involved in cell motility, molecular chaperones and proteins involved in the detoxification appeared prevalent. The data of the present study indicates that the primary tumor growth is generally supported by two concurrent pathways: the inhibition of apoptosis and the stimulation of cellular proliferation. The second phase of the evolution of the tumor can be prematurely scheduled by the occasional presence of proteins involved in cell motility and in the defenses of the oxidative stress. To our knowledge this report on large-scales proteomics of breast cancer is currently a unique approach in the literature that offers the opportunity to evaluate the presence and recurrence of proteins to be used as prognostic indicators and susceptibility to metastasis in patients operated on for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
The Study of Relationship between Organizational Learning and Organizational Performance
Authors: Azizi Bisotoon
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational learning and organizational performance among companies operating in the insurance industry of Tehran in Iran. The present study is a descriptive one in terms of the purpose and the method of data collection. The statistical population of the study was all insurance companies in the city of Tehran and 120 insurance companies were selected due to the lack of detailed statistical reference to their number. For this purpose, people were asked some questions who it was authorized to represent the name. The questionnaire is a tool for collecting data. The Gomez questionnaire et al. (2005) was used to measure organizational learning which includes four factors: management commitment, system perspective, openness and experimentation, transfer and integration of knowledge. To measure the organizational performance, the Yang et al. questionnaire (2004) is used. To determine the validity of data collection, the questionnaire was presented to six professors of management at various universities. The validity of questionnaire through the coordination of jury was about %100. The reliability of the questionnaire was conducted on thirty subjects, Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated 0.91 and 0.85 for organizational learning and organizational performance, respectively. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between organizational learning and its four dimensions (management commitment, vision systems, open space, and experimentation, transfer and integration of knowledge) and organizational performance of Tehran insurance companies.
Tools for uncertainty calculations in force measurement
Authors: Röske Dirk , Ala-Hiiro Jussi , Knott Andy , Medina Nieves , Kaspar Petr , Wozniak Mokilaj
Published: April 2017

Within the framework of the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP), tools for the calculation of measurement uncertainties have been developed. The Joint Research Project (JRP) 63 of the "SI Broader Scope II" (SIB) call of the EMRP is entitled: "Force traceability within the meganewton range". The project was started in July 2013 and had a duration of 36 months. The aim of the SIB63 project was to improve the traceability of the force measurement especially in the meganewton range. This paper presents the results of work package 4 “Improved dissemination of the SI unit of force”. The tools developed by the partners are available from the website of the project.
PROSES EXTRACTION, TRANSFORMATION, AND LOADING PADA PEMODELAN DATA WAREHOUSE PO. SUMBER ALAM KUTOARJO
Authors: Wijaya Agustinus Fritz , Sugiarto Antonius Teddy
Published: April 2017

Teknologi informasi dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian besar perusahaan otobus dalam sistem pergudangan yang mengatur segala informasi suku cadang bus. Data dari kegiatan pencatatan suku cadang di bagian gudang PO. Sumber Alam dari tahun ke tahun akan terus bertambah. Data-data transaksi tersebut harus dipindahkan ke sebuah data warehouse melalui proses ekstraksi, transformasi, dan load data yang dapat mengolah berbagai data menjadi satu kesatuan sistem. Perancangan model data warehouse pada PO. Sumber Alam ini menggunakan pendekatan star schema. Pendekatan ini memiliki satu tabel fakta yang terdapat di pusat bintang dengan beberapa tabel dimensi yang mengelilinginya. Tabel fakta yang terbentuk dari perancangan data warehouse di bagian gudang PO. Sumber Alam yang merupakan transaksi permintaan suku cadang dari bagian bengkel ke bagian gudang guna kebutuhan perbaikan armada bus.
Investigation of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by both coal gangues
Authors: Ding Wei , Bai Shuqin , Mu Haorong , Naren Gaowa
Published: April 2017

Equilibrium studies were carried out for the adsorption of phosphate onto newly discharged coal gangue and spontaneous combustion coal gangue, which are industrial solid residues. The experimental data were fitted to the two-parameter equations of Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich and the three-parameter equations of the Redlich-Peterson, Sips and Toth isotherms by non-linear method. All three-parameter isotherm equations have a higher correlation coefficient than the two-parameter isotherm equations. For new discharged coal gangue, the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity is over 2.504 mg/g (as P), and the best two-parameter isotherm is Freundlich, which indicated multilayer adsorption takes place on the surface. For spontaneous combustion coal gangue, the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity is 7.079 mg/g (as P), two times larger than new discharged coal gangue, and the best two-parameter isotherm is Langmuir, suggesting that the adsorption process occurs on a homogenous surface by monolayer adsorption. The three-parameter isotherm model of Redlich-Peterson shows the best fitting in both cases, but parameter g is 0.6138 in new discharged coal gangue (the parameter g is nearly 1, which means that the equilibrium isotherm behaves as the Langmuir, not as the Freundlich isotherm), g approaches to unity in spontaneous combustion coal gangue, suggesting that the two kinds of coal gangues have different adsorption properties.
Avaliação em larga escala e indicativos de qualidade na educação: como se processa essa relação?
Authors: Rocha Paula Del Ponte , Ferreira Maira
Published: April 2017

Neste artigo, discutimos avaliações em larga escala no Brasil e os discursos que associam seus resultados com a qualidade na educação, bem como analisamos o papel da mídia nesse “indicativo” de qualidade. Analisamos o Enade e o Enem, suas finalidades e efeitos às organizações educacionais. Para tal, examinamos currículos de Química em escolas de ensino médio da rede pública estadual e em um curso de Licenciatura em Química de uma universidade pública federal, do Rio Grande do Sul, bem como analisamos matérias jornalísticas, publicidade e anúncios comerciais que noticiam e comentam os processos de avaliação e seus resultados, buscando ver como se processam os discursos que associam os resultados desses Exames com qualidade em educação. O trabalho mostra a dimensão dessas avaliações na atualidade, definindo currículos, produzindo significados em discursos que classificam instituições e os sujeitos que nelas estão inseridos e instituindo posições em rankings, sem considerar qualitativamente aspectos e fatores que influenciam os resultados quantitativos obtidos.
A educação para o civismo e o patriotismo no Colégio Triângulo Mineiro de Uberaba (Minas Gerais, Brasil) nas décadas de 1940 e 1950
Authors: Soares Edilene Alexandra Leal , Gatti Giseli Cristina do Valle
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo analisa as práticas cívico-patrióticas, desenvolvidas no Colégio Triângulo Mineiro de Uberaba (Minas Gerais, Brasil), nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, com foco privilegiado nas festas escolares e nos eventos esportivos. Para abordar essa temática, foram utilizados importantes referenciais teóricos, tais como, Da Matta (1997), Nóbrega (1952), Cândido (2007), Vaz (2007), Souza (2008) e Julia (2001). As fontes utilizadas na investigaçãopertenciam ao Arquivo Público de Uberaba, à Superintendência Regional de Ensino de Uberaba e ao Memorial Mário Palmério. Faz-se uma reflexão sobre a cultura e as práticas escolares, detendo-se nos eventos cívicos e patrióticos, notadamente, as festas escolares. Em seguida, examina-se a forma tomada pelas atividades esportivas e de suas relações com o civismo e o patriotismo. Conclui-se pela observação do alto nível de correspondência entre o ideal cívico-patriótico estatal posto na época com o efetivado no âmbito das práticas escolares no Colégio Triângulo Mineiro.
Avaliação e gestão da autossustentabilidade organizacional: estudo de caso em Faculdade Particular de Fortaleza-Ceará
Authors: Lima Marcos Antonio Martins , Cabral Neto Antonio
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo objetiva discutir sobre a avaliação e a gestão da autossustentabilidade organizacional, baseada nas suas estruturas essenciais junto a uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) privada de Fortaleza-Ceará. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que é apresentado com base na estratégia metodológica quadripolar tendo, como categorias epistemológicas e teóricas, a avaliação e a gestão nos campos da Educação e da Administração. Para tanto, utilizou-se de um questionário com questões objetivas e abertas. Na análise dos dados objetivos, foram utilizadas técnicas estatísticas com a aplicação do programa SPSS, enquanto na análise de dados qualitativos foi aplicado o software Atlas.ti7.
Czy zawsze po uzyskaniu informacji o możliwości popełnienia przestępstwa, należy wszczynać karne postępowanie sądowe, lub administracyjne, dla realizacji sankcji karnej?
Authors: JAKUBIAK TOMASZ
Published: April 2017

Życie dostarcza wielu sytuacji, w których sprawą publiczną jest fakt naruszenia przez wiernego ustawy karnej, do której została dołączona obligatoryjna sankcja karna. W związku z tym konieczne staje się ustalenie, czy zawsze po uzyskaniu informacji o możliwości popełnienia przestępstwa, za które ustawodawca przewiduje obligatoryjne wymierzenie kary (albo karę latae sententiae) należy wszczynać karne postępowanie sądowe – lub administracyjne – dla realizacji sankcji karnej? Aby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, autor artykułu analizując cele kary kościelnej ukazuje, że intencją ustawodawcy jest, by stosowanie kar w Kościele było zjawiskiem rzadkim. Zanim przystąpi się do ukarania przestępcy, należy wyczerpać wszelkie inne środki natury duszpasterskiej, czy prawnej. Dzieje się tak dlatego, że cała działalność Kościoła powinna być podporządkowana najwyższej zasadzie wyrażonej w ostatnim kanonie Kodeksu prawa kanonicznego. Według niej, zbawienie dusz winno być zawsze w Kościele najwyższym prawem (por. kan. 1752 KPK). W realizacji tego celu – jakim jest zbawienie dusz – muszą uczestniczyć wszyscy, którzy działają w imieniu Kościoła.Ordynariusz – odpowiedzialny za karność kościelną w powierzonej mu wspólnocie – musi być rzecznikiem prawa kościelnego pojętego teologicznie, a nie tylko formalnie. Nawet decyzja o wszczęciu postępowania karnego na drodze procesowej lub administracyjnej ma pomóc oskarżonemu wejść na drogę zbawienia. Podejmując decyzję o odstąpieniu od drogi procesu karnego, należy jednak pamiętać, że środki pozakarne mogą okazać się niewystarczające, jeśli za karą przemawia ciężar przestępstwa oraz zasada słuszności i sprawiedliwości, rozpatrzona w kontekście potrzeby społecznej.Na to, że dany czyn nie będzie ukarany na drodze postępowania procesu karnego bądź administracyjnego – może wpłynąć również fakt przedawnienia skargi karnej.
Eutanazja, jako problem prawny i etyczny
Authors: RABIEGA REMIGIUSZ
Published: April 2017

W niniejszym artykule autor omawia kwestię zabójstw eutanatycznego głównie z punktu widzenia polskiego prawa karnego oraz w ujęciu norm etycznych. Normy te w znaczny sposób kształtują społeczeństwo, wpływając jednocześnie na wygląd ustawodawstwa. Ponieważ prawodawca zdecydował się na umieszczenie w kodeksie karnym typu opisującego zabójstwo na żądanie i pod wpływem współczucia, oznaczać to musi, iż zachowanie takie pomimo (zdawać by się mogło) pewnego przejawu miłosierdzia – wykazywać musi jednak określony stopień społecznej szkodliwości czynu. Ponadto rzeczona typizacja potwierdza ograniczoność w sferze dysponowania dobrami prawnymi, mającymi charakter uniwersalny. Oznacza to, że nawet w przypadku zgody (tutaj nawet żądania) dysponenta dobrem prawnym, nie można liczyć na ekskulpację sprawcy.Prócz charakteru prawnego, eutanazja wykazuje przede wszystkim powiązanie ze sferą etyczną. Zarówno przysięga Hipokratesa, jak i nauka Kościoła katolickiego uznają życie ludzkie jako wartość najważniejszą. Oznacza to, iż nikomu nie wolno decydować o odbieraniu cudzego życia. Legalizacja eutanazji stanowić może zatem istotne zagrożenie, dlatego też należy zastanowić się nad tym, gdzie przebiega granica między tym, co zaliczane jest do sfery sacrum, a tym, co należy już do profanum…
Godność osoby ludzkiej podstawą prawa do wolności religijnej
Authors: WROCEŃSKI JÓZEF
Published: April 2017

Autor w swoim artykule uzasadnia, że gwarancje wolności sumienia i religii otrzymały ochronę prawną, w aktach prawa międzynarodowego i w konstytucjach poszczególnych państw, jako pierwsze z grupy podstawowych praw człowieka. Podstawą tych gwarancji jest przyrodzona godność ludzka. W Polsce wolność religijna w zakresie podmiotowym i przedmiotowym jest regulowana przede wszystkim w Konstytucji RP, która jest najwyższym aktem prawnym. Z jej postanowień wynika, że umowy międzynarodowe ratyfikowane przez Polskę, ustawy oraz inne akty prawne muszą być zgodne z konstytucyjną zasadą ochrony wolności sumienia i religii. Konstytucyjna ochrona tej wolności wiąże nie tylko organy państwa, ale wszystkich obywateli, a także kościoły i związki wyznaniowe. Należy dodać, że w tej sprawie przepisy Konstytucji RP i Kościoła katolickiego są zgodne. Sfera sumienia i religii jest obszarem przeżyć wewnętrznych człowieka i dotyczy jego osobistych poglądów i jego wolności. Zarówno państwo jak i Kościół nie mogą ograniczać tej wolności, ponieważ ona nie pochodzi od tych instytucji. Źródłem wolności sumienia i religii jest przyrodzona i niezbywalna godność człowieka.
Applicability of the Moyers' Probability Tables in Adolescents with Different Facial Biotypes
Authors: Carrillo Jorge J. Pavani , Rubial Maria C. , Albornoz Cristina , Villalba Silvina , Damiani Patricia , de Cravero Marta Rugani
Published: April 2017

Introduction:

The Moyers’ probability tables are used in mixed dentition analysis to estimate the extent of space required for the alignment of canines and premolars, by correlating the mesiodistal size of lower incisors with the size of permanent canines and premolars.

Objective:

This study intended to evaluate the applicability of the Moyer's probability tables for predicting the mesiodistal space needed for the correct location of premolars and permanent canines non-erupted, in adolescents of the city of Cordoba, Argentina, who show different facial biotypes.

Materials and Methods:

Models and tele-radiographies of 478 adolescents of both genders from 10 to 15 years of age were analyzed. The tele-radiographies were measured manually in order to determine the facial biotype. The models were scanned with a gauged scanner (HP 3670) and measured by using Image Pro Plus 4.5 software.

Results:

According to this study, the comparison between the Moyer´s probability table, and the table created at the National University of Córdoba (UNC) (at 95%, 75%, and 50%) shows that, in both tables, a higher value of mesiodistal width of lower incisors corresponds to a bigger difference in the space needed for permanent canines and premolars; being the need for space for permanents canines and premolars bigger in the UNC´s table. On the other hand, when contrasting the values of mesiodistal space for permanent canines and premolars associated with each facial biotype, the discrepancies between groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, we found differences in the size of the space required according to the mesiodistal width range of the lower incisors for each biotype:

a) The comparison of lower-range values, with a mesialdistal width of lower incisors less than 22 mm, the space required for permanent canines and premolars resulted smaller in patients with dolichofacial biotype than in patients with mesofacial and braquifacial biotypes. The latter biotypes have meager differences between them.

b) The comparison of mid-range values, with a mesialdistal width of lower incisors from 22 to 25 millimeters, shows that the values of required alignment space are similar in the three facial biotypes.

c) Finally, the comparison of upper range values, with a mesialdistal width of lower incisors greater than 25 millimeters, indicates that the space required for dolichofacial biotypes tends to be higher than in mesofacial and brachyfacial biotypes.

Conclusion:

The Moyer´s probability tables should be created to meet the needs of the population under study, with no consideration of patients’ facial biotypes.
Experiencing Peace Through Heart-Based Meditation on The Self
Authors: Lindhard Tina
Published: April 2017

Background:

This paper is based on the results obtained from a research program which showed that training in the heart-based Intuitive Meditation (IM) method brought about a significant shift towards more feeling based consciousness. This data was obtained from a pre-post test design measuring changes in scores on the Feeling Consciousness Scale (FCS). The post-test scale also included several open-ended questions.

Objectives:

Among other aims, the objectives of the present paper are to compare the traits obtained from the open questions to the scale items in order to refine the scale where necessary and to learn more about the quality of feeling-based consciousness; for instance, to compare the scale item “I feel peace inside” with the open answers.

Method:

The method consisted of a comparison of answers from the open questions with the scale items.

Results:

An overlap was found between many of the scale items and traits derived from the open answers. The scale item “I feel peace inside” and the open answers of 36% of the participants suggest that peace might be an inner experience related to feeling.

Conclusion:

The comparison throws more light on the quality of the inner experience of participants after learning IM. It also suggests that peace is an inner experience related to feeling. This has many implications, especially for people who try to create or impose peace on others through military or forceful means. As the sample size was small, further research is suggested, especially with respect to possible gender differences.
Multi‐Response Optimization of Process Parameters for Imidacloprid Removal by Reverse Osmosis Using Taguchi Design
Authors: Genç Nevim , Doğan Esra Can , Narcı Ali Oğuzhan , Bican Emine
Published: April 2017

In this study, a multi‐response optimization method using Taguchi's robust design approach is proposed for imidacloprid removal by reverse osmosis. Tests were conducted with different membrane type (BW30, LFC‐3, CPA‐3), transmembrane pressure (TMP = 20, 25, 30 bar), volume reduction factor (VRF = 2, 3, 4), and pH (3, 7, 11). Quality and quantity of permeate are optimized with the multi‐response characteristics of the total dissolved solid (TDS), conductivity, imidacloprid, and total organic carbon (TOC) rejection ratios and flux of permeate. The optimized conditions were determined as membrane type of BW30, TMP 30 bar, VRF 3, and pH 11. Under these conditions, TDS, conductivity, imidacloprid, and TOC rejections and permeate flux were 97.50 97.41, 97.80, 98.00% and 30.60 L/m2·h, respectively. Membrane type was obtained as the most effective factor; its contribution is 64%. The difference between the predicted and observed value of multi‐response signal/noise (MRSN) is within the confidence interval.