bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Program Dewan Kemakmuran Masjid (DKM) terhadap Minat Remaja dalam Memakmurkan Masjid Al-Muttaqin Desa Bumi Mulya
Authors: Aprizal Aprizal
Published: January 2025

The observation that less than 50% of youth are involved in DKM programs shows a significant social shift. This study has a strategic objective to explore in depth the role of DKM Al-Muttaqin in efforts to generate religious fervor and participation of the younger generation. This research is quantitative with survey method. The population was all teenagers with random sampling technique. Data collection used observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The analysis technique is simple linear regression. The results showed that the Al-Muttaqin DKM program was in the moderate category or 69.23%, and teenagers' interest in the DKM program was also in the moderate category with the same proportion. This study found a significant influence between the DKM program and teenagers' interest, as evidenced by the correlation value r_(xy) of 0.292, where the factors that influence teenagers' interest include activities such as congregational prayers, the implementation of Islamic Holidays (PHBI), joint religious activities, community service to clean the mosque, and joint Al-Qur'an reading activities that can include teenagers in the DKM program.
Kesetaraan Gender dalam Pendidikan Islam: Perspektif Siswa dan Guru di SMPN 05 Muara Bengalon
Authors: Putri Amelia , Yasin Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Gender equality is one of the important issues in education. Gender is the apparent difference between men and women when viewed from values ​​and behavior. The approach used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach where the type of research is field research using data collection methods in the form of observation, in-depth interviews and literature studies. This study aims to examine and find out how students and teachers understand gender equality in the context of Islamic education, as well as what practices and policies exist in schools that support or hinder gender equality in Islamic education. The results of the study indicate that both teachers and students have a fairly good understanding of the importance of gender equality in education. SMPN 05 Muara Bengalon has begun implementing inclusive policies that encourage equal access and opportunities between men and women. With additional support in the form of training programs, socialization campaigns, and strengthening gender-based policies, the implementation of the principle of gender equality in this school is expected to run more effectively and sustainably.
Significance of Interpersonal Skills in Enhancing English Language Confidence Among the Youth in Wamena
Authors: Lawalata Reiner JHG
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the role of interpersonal skills in enhancing English language confidence among adolescents in Wamena. In today's globalized world, proficiency in English is increasingly important, particularly for the younger generation, who will play a vital role in the global community. However, many adolescents in Wamena struggle with low self-confidence when using English. Using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, this study identifies the factors that influence interpersonal skills and English language confidence. The findings indicated that strong interpersonal skills can significantly boost confidence in using English. This research is expected to benefit adolescents, educators, and curriculum developers by aiding in the design of more effective learning programs.
Keywords: Interpersonal Skills, English language confidence, Wamena
Analyse de tâches faisant appel à une représentation tabulaire dans des manuels scolaires de mathématiques du primaire au Québec
Authors: Oliveira Izabella , Evangelista Betânia , Guimarães Gilda
Published: January 2025

Le tableau statistique est un mode de représentation qui permet d'organiser et d'analyser des données. Considérant son importance, nous soutenons qu'il est nécessaire de réfléchir sur la manière dont se déroule l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de cette représentation à l'école primaire, plus précisément sur les situations qui peuvent faciliter l’apprentissage de ce type de représentation. Ainsi, notre but est d'identifier et d'analyser les tâches faisant appel à une représentation tabulaire présentent dans des manuels scolaires de mathématiques utilisés dans des écoles au Québec. Nous avons analysé 24 volumes de la 1re à la 6e année du primaire. Les résultats indiquent que trois types de représentations (encadrés, base de données et tableaux statistiques) sont présents dans les manuels, mais qu'il y a peu de différenciation dans la manière de les nommer et dans l'explicitation de la fonction attribuée à chacune d'entre elles. On note aussi que certaines habiletés liées à l'usage d'un tableau sont beaucoup moins sollicitées que d'autres, ce qui nous amène à argumenter l’importance d’aborder plus équitablement l’ensemble de ces habiletés. Par exemple, parmi les 373 tâches faisant appel à une représentation tabulaire seulement 0,5 % de ces tâches demandent la construction d'un tableau.
O PAPEL DA ALIMENTAÇÃO NA MELHORA DA COGNIÇÃO E PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS NEURODEGENERATIVAS: DEPRESSÃO, ALZHEIMER, PARKINSON
Authors: Myrna Maia Tobias Granja  , Érika Eduarda Wsova do Nascimento  , Junia Helena Porto Barbosa
Published: January 2025

Portadores de doenças neurodegenerativas sofrem grandes limitações com os sintomas durante a progressão dessas patologias. Assim, estratégias de prevenção ou de melhora no tratamento destas doenças são de extrema importância. Associações importantes têm sido estabelecidas entre a qualidade nutricional e a saúde do sistema nervoso central e periférico, havendo tanto correlações positivas quanto negativas. Os padrões alimentares de melhor qualidade exercem um claro efeito protetor. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo demonstrar o papel da alimentação na prevenção ou tratamento de doenças neurodegenerativas como a depressão, o Alzheimer e a doença de Parkinson. Sabemos que padrões alimentares são responsáveis pela saúde corporal e do sistema nervoso. Adicionalmente, as estratégias de suplementação somam cada vez mais evidências na promoção da saúde neuronal. Aqui, discorremos ainda sobre a importância da microbiota e a relevância do chamado eixo intestino-cérebro. Seja no retardo da neurodegeneração, na facilitação da neurorregeneração ou mesmo nas reduções de processos oxidativos e dos processos inflamatórios crônicos como um todo, as dietas comprovam, cada vez mais, seu relevante papel. O estilo de vida, a alimentação saudável, a prática de atividades físicas e os estímulos ao intelecto, por diversos mecanismos de ação, colaboram para a saúde do corpo e do sistema neural. O padrão alimentar também é peça fundamental para alcançarmos este objetivo.
Tikėjimo raidos kliūtys Evangelijoje pagal Joną ir Pirmajame Jono laiške
Authors: Gudelevičiūtė Teresė Gitana , Skinkaitis Rimas
Published: January 2025

Straipsnyje aiškinamasi, kas yra krikščioniškasis tikėjimas, kokios jo augimo kliūtys nurodomos Evangelijoje pagal Joną ir Pirmajame Jono laiške. Šiandienos tikėjimo krizės kontekste aktualu grįžti prie tikėjimo pagrindo – Evangelijos mokymo. Evangelija pagal Joną Bažnyčios Tradicijoje vadinama „tikėjimo Evangelija“ dėl jos ypatingo mokymo apie tikėjimo reikalingumą siekiant bendrystės su Dievu. Tikėjimo kelionė, apaštalo Jono nuomone, yra ne statiškas, o dinaminis procesas. Tikėjimas auga, bręsta, o nepuoselėjamas – silpsta ir nyksta. Šv. Jono teologijoje tikėjimas, viena vertus, yra Dievo dovana, kita vertus – žmogaus atsakas. Tikėdamas žmogus bendradarbiauja su Dievu per Kristų ir Kristuje. Evangelijoje pagal Joną ir Pirmajame Jono laiške išryškinami tikėjimo kaip Dievo ir žmogaus bendradarbiavimo trukdžiai: nuodėmės, pasaulio neapykantos, velnio poveikis. Didžiausia nuodėme laikomas netikėjimas Dievo Siųstuoju Mesiju. Dualistinė ketvirtosios Evangelijos kalba apie tikėjimo trukdžių veikimą turi gilų teologinį svorį. Šv. Jono mokymas apie kovą tikėjimo kelionėje yra viltingas – dvasinėje kovoje tikintysis nėra vienas, jo tikėjimo uola yra Kristus. Jis jau nugalėjo pasaulio kunigaikštį. Tikinčiųjų pergalė prieš nuodėmės veikiamą pasaulį yra tikėjimas Mesiju. Tikėjimo kelionės trukdžių pažinimas, grįstas šv. Jono teologija, turi praktinę reikšmę tiek pavienio tikinčiojo, tiek bažnytinės bendruomenės tikėjimo augimui.
Revitalisation of Old Hydraulic Press Brake Machines Through Novel Software Solutions
Authors: Menićanin Daniel , Radanović Jelena , Račić Nikola , Trenkić Branimir
Published: January 2025

In the era of Industry 4.0, the modernization of traditional machines has become crucial for maintaining competitiveness and enhancing production capacities. Hydraulic CNC press machines manufactured in the Balkans, particularly in the former Yugoslavia, renowned for their robustness and reliability, are increasingly falling behind in terms of the technological innovations required to meet modern production demands. Rather than being replaced by expensive new machines, this paper presents a transformative approach to the digital upgrade of existing systems. By employing advanced software solutions and novel control methods, older presses are converted into high-precision, intelligently managed machines capable of automatically adjusting operating parameters according to material and task specifications. This system not only significantly reduces operational costs but also extends the lifespan of these machines, increases production speed and minimizes errors. The core innovation of the system is its adaptability, enabling continuous evolution and seamless integration of new technological advancements without requiring substantial investments in entirely new equipment. This paper offers a vision of the future where digital transformation allows traditional machines to become part of smart, interconnected production lines.
Influence of aramid and polyolefin on the technical-operational characteristics of asphalt constructions
Authors: Drašković Danislav , Glamočić Ljubo
Published: January 2025

This paper used research results from renowned foreign and domestic institutes in terms of influence of synthetic fibres from armide and polyoefin family on physical and mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixture, firstly in terms of chemical bonding, longevity of use and solidity. The researches show that this is a new technology which provides for formation of 3D reinforcing net in the asphalt, and which has significant effect on increased resistance to permanent deformations, fractures and increased resistance with possible decreased thickness of asphalt layer and extended longevity, which provides for important economic benefit. Comparing this asphalt component with conventional we see increased resistance to “road ruts”, sensitivity to water and permanent deformation.
The Concept of Mobility and Global Challenges in Road Transport by 2050
Authors: Višković Radovan , Đurić Željko , Gladović Pavle
Published: January 2025

After collecting and processing of the facts, it is evident that today, 2.6 million posts of drivers remain unfilled in the countries covered by the survey with a tendency that this estimated number shall increase to 3 million. In data processing, the official data of the International Road Transportation Union IRU have been used which are explicitly showing that a trend of «vacant» jobs and mobility challenges have been observed in all regions, except Eurasia. The least affected countries are Mexico and Argentina with 8.6% of truck driver vacancies, the exception being China, where the system is stable. In the paper, we deal with the issue of mobility in countries outside the EU, especially the countries of the Western Balkans where we have determined that the trend of drivers leaving for the EU is on the rise and will be especially instigated by continuous economic recovery of global GDP growth, persistent tensions in the supply and demand of road freight and decrease in available workforce of drivers as well as training and qualification challenges. To obtain the results of the work, we set the first hypothesis «lack of professional drivers is a global problem that directly affects the GDP», as well as the second hypothesis «EU directives and the lack of standards harmonisation in the countries outside the EU cause job positions of motor vehicle drivers being uncovered» In order to understand the set hypotheses, our work included extensive research and experience, whereas the methods used include: inductive and deductive methods, methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of abstraction and concretization, methods of generalization and specialization, method of classification, method of description, method of compilation and comparative method. With the protocols, road transport operators have committed to become carbon neutral by 2050 through the IRU Green Compact , the summary provides an overview of this research, focusing on the scenarios assessed and the recommended way forward. In short, which optimization model is the best for road transport operators to make Europe carbon neutral by 2050 on one hand and on the other, to meet the standards of the EU Directives on the mobility of workers, professional competences, skills and abilities, so to make the profession of a professional driver attractive for young people, and also to facilitate and remove the existing barriers that are visible. In conclusion, we confirmed and proved the set hypotheses with proposal for the measures at different levels and recommendations to eliminate or stop negative trends through comprehensive coordination.
O uso de plataformas digitais para o ensino-aprendizagem da competência oral em português língua estrangeira
Authors: Azevedo Carla
Published: January 2025

Este artigo parte de uma refl exão sobre as mudanças nas práticas de ensino, principalmente, com o impacto da pandemia do vírus covid-19, ressaltando as difi culdades enfrentadas pelos docentes e pelos alunos no processo de adaptação à modalidade de ensino a distância. Neste capítulo, faz-se uma análise sucinta sobre a evolução das metodologias de ensino das línguas estrangeiras, desde o século xix até a atualidade, de modo a adaptarem-se às sucessivas transformações das sociedades. O foco da análise recai sobre a atualidade e muito particularmente sobre o contributo das plataformas de ensino a distância para o desenvolvimento das competências de comunicação e as práticas de oralidade, em contexto de ensino não presencial. No artigo relata-se uma experiência através da qual se pretende mostrar que as ferramentas digitais podem apresentar vantagens para a organização e lecionação de cursos de Português Língua Estrangeira (ple), totalmente a distância, cujo objetivo é desenvolver as competências de compreensão, produção e interação oral em falantes que estão a iniciar a aprendizagem da língua.
Predicting individual traits from models of brain dynamics accurately and reliably using the Fisher kernel
Authors: Ahrends Christine , Woolrich Mark W , Vidaurre Diego
Published: January 2025

Predicting an individual’s cognitive traits or clinical condition using brain signals is a central goal in modern neuroscience. This is commonly done using either structural aspects, such as structural connectivity or cortical thickness, or aggregated measures of brain activity that average over time. But these approaches are missing a central aspect of brain function: the unique ways in which an individual’s brain activity unfolds over time. One reason why these dynamic patterns are not usually considered is that they have to be described by complex, high-dimensional models; and it is unclear how best to use these models for prediction. We here propose an approach that describes dynamic functional connectivity and amplitude patterns using a Hidden Markov model (HMM) and combines it with the Fisher kernel, which can be used to predict individual traits. The Fisher kernel is constructed from the HMM in a mathematically principled manner, thereby preserving the structure of the underlying model. We show here, in fMRI data, that the HMM-Fisher kernel approach is accurate and reliable. We compare the Fisher kernel to other prediction methods, both time-varying and time-averaged functional connectivity-based models. Our approach leverages information about an individual’s time-varying amplitude and functional connectivity for prediction and has broad applications in cognitive neuroscience and personalised medicine.
ScRNA-seq and scATAC-seq reveal that sertoli cell mediate spermatogenesis disorders through stage-specific communications in non-obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Wang Shimin , Wang Hongxian , Jin Bicheng , Yan Hongli , Zheng Qingliang , Zhao Dong
Published: January 2025

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) belongs to male infertility due to spermatogenesis failure. However, evidence for cell type-specific abnormalities of spermatogenesis disorders in NOA remains lacking. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) on testicular tissues from patients with obstructive azoospermia(OA) and NOA. HE staining confirmed the structural abnormalities of the seminiferous tubules in NOA patients. We identified 12 germ cell subtypes (spermatogonial stem cell-0 (SSC0), SSC1, SSC2, diffing-spermatogonia (Diffing-SPG), diffed-spermatogonia (Diffed-SPG), pre-leptotene (Pre-Lep), leptotene-zygotene (L-Z), pachytene (Pa), diplotene (Di), spermatids-1 (SPT1), SPT2, and SPT3) and 8 Sertoli cell subtypes (SC1-SC8). Among them, three novel Sertoli cell subtypes phenotypes were identified, namely SC4/immature, SC7/mature, and SC8/further mature Sertoli cells. For each germ or Sertoli cell subtype, we identified unique new markers, among which immunofluorescence confirmed co-localization of ST3GAL4, A2M, ASB9, and TEX19 and DDX4 (classical marker of germ cell). PRAP1, BST2, and CCDC62 were co-expressed with SOX9 (classical marker of Sertoli cell) in testes tissues also confirmed by immunofluorescence. The interaction between germ cell subtypes and Sertoli cell subtypes exhibits stage-specific-matching pattern, as evidenced by SC1/2/5/7 involving in SSC0-2 development, SC3 participating in the whole process of spermiogenesis, SC4/6 participating in Diffing and Diffed-SPG development, and SC8 involving in the final stage of SPT3. This pattern of specific interactions between subtypes of germ cell and Sertoli cell was confirmed by immunofluorescence of novel markers in testes tissues. The interaction was mainly contributed by Notch1/2/3 signaling. Our study profiled the single-cell transcriptome of human spermatogenesis and provided many potentials molecular markers for developing testicular puncture specific marker kits for NOA patients.
Endosomal-lysosomal organellar assembly (ELYSA) structures coordinate lysosomal degradation systems through mammalian oocyte-to-embryo transition
Authors: Satouh Yuhkoh , Tatebe Takaki , Tanida Isei , Yamaguchi Junji , Uchiyama Yasuo , Sato Ken
Published: January 2025

Mouse oocytes undergo drastic changes in organellar composition and their activities during maturation from the germinal vesicle (GV) to meiosis II (MII) stage. After fertilization, the embryo degrades parts of the maternal components via lysosomal degradation systems, including autophagy and endocytosis, as zygotic gene expression begins during embryogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that endosomal-lysosomal organelles form large spherical assembly structures, termed ELYSAs, in mouse oocytes. ELYSAs are observed in GV oocytes, attaining sizes up to 7–8 μm in diameter in MII oocytes. ELYSAs comprise tubular-vesicular structures containing endosomes and lysosomes along with cytosolic components. Most ELYSAs are also positive for an autophagy regulator, LC3. These characteristics of ELYSA resemble those of ELVA (endolysosomal vesicular assemblies) identified independently. The signals of V1-subunit of vacuolar ATPase tends to be detected on the periphery of ELYSAs in MII oocytes. After fertilization, the localization of the V1-subunit on endosomes and lysosomes increase as ELYSAs gradually disassemble at the 2-cell stage, leading to further acidification of endosomal-lysosomal organelles. These findings suggest that the ELYSA/ELVA maintain endosomal-lysosomal activity in a static state in oocytes for timely activation during early development.
S-block elements: pharmacological properties and potential medical applications of alkali and alkaline earth metals
Authors: Sidra  , Zulfiqar Maimoona , Noureen Sibgha , Zahoor Nimra , Murtaza Momna
Published: January 2025

Background

The periodic table contains the s-block elements in groups 1 and 2. In the periodic table, they reside in the first two columns. S-block consists of 14 elements that include hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), helium (He), sodium (Na), beryllium (Be), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), rubidium (Rb), calcium (Ca), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), francium (Fr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). These elements are called s-block elements because their valence electrons are in the s-orbital. Alkali and alkaline earth metals are widely employed in synthetic and chemical technology. Over the past 10 years, a growing number of target molecules have been identified in chemistry due to the increased attention it has received because of its diverse uses.

Methodology

Articles were searched using the following search engines: PubMed, Google Scholar, Worldwide Science and ResearchGate, etc.

Result

S-block components are vital to life as they are essential for metabolism, proteins synthesis and brain development. The diverse uses and effects of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in medicine and research have been discussed in review.

Conclusion

Lastly, this review covers the historical background and pharmacological potential of s-block elements and their properties, uses, and potential medical applications such as mood stabilization, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory activity, diagnostic imaging, vasodilatory activity, and cardioprotective activity.
Nutrient cycling characteristics along a chronosequence of forest primary succession in the Hailuogou Glacier retreat area, eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Danli , Luo Ji , Shu Shumiao , Hu Yan , Tang Hongsong , Li Xuemei
Published: January 2025

Background

The Hailuogou Glacier has been continuously retreating since the end of the Little Ice Age, resulting in a 125-year soil chronosequence and a complete primary forest succession sequence. Nutrient cycling and utilization are the foundation to forest succession processes and dynamic changes, directly influencing the structure and stability of ecosystems. However, our understandings on the characteristics of ecosystem nutrient accumulation and recycling during succession, especially in the context of primary succession within glacier retreat areas, remain limited. To address this, we investigated nutrient characteristics across six forest primary succession sites in the Hailuogou Glacier retreat area.

Methods

Six sites representing three forest stages: the pioneer plant stage (S1), the broad-leaved forest stage (S2–S4), and the coniferous forest stage (S5–S6). Three quadrats were established at each site, and measurements of biomass as well as soil characteristics were documented within each quadrat. Subsequently, we collected samples of vegetation, soil and litter. By measuring the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in vegetation and soil and combining with the data of the quadrat survey, the pools and nutrient characteristics of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in various components of the ecosystem were calculated at each site.

Results

Our findings indicated that: (1) Nutrient pools, excluding the soil C layer, increased with forest primary succession, reaching 5,995.71 kg hm−2 N, 461.83 kg hm−2 P, 3,798.09 kg hm−2 K, 7,559.81 kg hm−2 Ca and 1,948.13 kg hm−2 Mg at site S6; however, the pools of P, K, and Mg in the Oa layer, and Ca and Mg in the tree layer, attained their peak levels at sites S3 to S4. (2) The pools of N, Ca, and Mg in the organic soil were significantly greater than vegetation. Although over 60% of the P and K were stored in the organic soil at site S1, these proportions shifted, with vegetation holding 60.71% of P and 56.86% of K at site S5. (3) Broad-leaved forests exhibited higher nutrient return, cycling, and absorption, thereby accelerating nutrient circulation and depleting soil nutrients to maintain growth. In contrast, coniferous forests were more efficient at nutrient utilization and storage, retaining nutrients and maintaining high biomass and productivity in nutrient-poor environments. Overall, these findings highlighted that the nutrients in each component of the ecosystem continue to accumulate with forest primary succession. Coniferous forests’ nutrient cycling mechanisms offer a competitive edge in nutrient-poor environments, enhancing ecosystem stability.
Re-examine the Relationship between the Climatic Factors and Rice Yield in Bangladesh
Authors: Rafid Ahnaf , Sharmin Sajia , Yesmine Tamanna
Published: January 2025

The agriculture of Bangladesh, especially rice production is indissolubly linked climate and also be affected with the change in different climatic variables. The main focus of the study is to examine the relationship between the yield of three seasonal rice (e.g., Aus, Aman and Boro) and climatic factors/variables mainly maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall for Bangladesh. Time series data have been used for the period 1990 to 2020 at an aggregate level to assess the relationship between climatic variables and rice yield using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. The findings of this study confirm that climate variables have had significant effects on rice yields but these effects are seen to vary among three rice crops. Maximum temperature is statistically significant with positive effects for the yields of Aus and Boro rice. On the contrary, statistically insignificant with adverse effects on Aman rice. On the other hand, Minimum temperature has a statistically significant with negative effect on Aman rice and a significantly positive effect on Aus and Boro rice. However, rainfall has a statistically significant effect on Aus, Aman and Boro the rice yields and has adverse effect on Boro rice. Also, the influences of maximum temperature and minimum temperature are more pronounced compared with that of rainfall.
Clinical Findings and Evaluation of Newborns Who Were Anonymously Surrendered
Authors: Liepmann Claire D. , Nafiseh Amira A. , Carlucci James G. , Enane Leslie A.
Published: January 2024

This cohort study examines clinical findings, medical treatment, and outcomes for infants in Indiana who were surrendered under Safe Haven laws.
Organic Peroxides
Authors: Muianga Custodio V. , Lasee Steven
Published: January 2024

Organic peroxides (ROOR′), solid or liquid with the bivalent OO structure. Relatively unstable and highly reactive molecules due to the presence of an oxygen–oxygen linkage. The oxygen–oxygen bond may be cleaved to form highly reactive free radicals and react with many substances (e.g., metals, acids, and bases). ROORs are used in plastics, rubbers, and many industries as initiators, accelerators, promoters, catalysts, activators, and more. Major concerns with ROORs are associated with fires, explosions, and corrosiveness. Reactive oxygen species and free radicals may lead to DNA damage and mutagenesis. Recent work from government agents, academic research laboratories, and manufacturing organizations have focused on physical hazards classification and categorization; and producing best practice protocols for safe handling and storage, control of temperatures, self‐accelerating decomposition temperatures, spills cleaning, disposal, and treatment of ROORs residues. These efforts allow compliance with countries and international regulations. Potential health hazards are associated with eye and skin contact, inhalation, and ingestion. Acute exposure may lead to irritation, allergic response, and potential damage to the eye and skin. As with any irritant or corrosive, dose is a critical consideration with respect to understanding the risk. Chronic exposures, mostly understood in animals but there are human data, can cause a myriad of effects. These may range from respiratory illnesses, to liver, kidney damage, and cancer. The manufacturer's SDS of individual chemical may provide toxicity information. This chapter summarizes chemical‐specific toxicity information on 77 organic peroxide compounds grouped in eight physical hazard categories. NIOSH has fully validated the method for benzoyl peroxide. NTP has released a report on the toxic effects oft‐butyl perbenzoate and it deserves to be considered. Exposure assessment methods when available were presented. Future research needs to focus on epidemiological and toxicological studies of ROORs.
Featured Cover
Authors: Tracey Robert , Elisseev Vadim , Smyrnakis Michalis , Hoang Lan , Fellows Mark , Ackers Michael , Laughton Andrew , Hill Stephen , Folkes Phillip , Whittle John
Published: January 2024

The cover image is based on the Letter Towards bespoke optimizations of energy efficiency in HPC environments by Robert Tracey et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ail2.87.

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Risk factors and clinical impact of thrombosis during induction chemotherapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from CYP‐C
Authors: Pelland‐Marcotte Marie‐Claude , Kulkarni Ketan , Tran Thai Hoa , Stammers David , Gupta Sumit , Sung Lillian , Athale Uma H.
Published: January 2024

Thromboembolism (TE) is associated with reduced survival in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It has been hypothesized that TE might signal leukemic aggressiveness. The objective was to determine risk factors for TE during ALL induction (TEind) therapy and whether TEind is associated with treatment refractoriness. This retrospective cohort study using the population‐based Cancer in Young People Canada (CYP‐C) registry included children <15 years of age diagnosed with ALL (2000–2019) and treated at one of 12 Canadian pediatric centers outside of Ontario. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine risk factors for TEind and whether TEind predicted induction failure and ALL treatment intensification. The impact of TEind on overall and event‐free survival was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. The study included 2589 children, of which 45 (1.7%) developed a TEind. Age (<1 year and ≥10 years vs. 1–<10 years), T‐cell phenotype, high‐risk ALL, and central nervous system involvement were all associated with TEind in univariate analysis. Age and T‐cell phenotype remained independent predictors of TEind in multivariable analysis. Induction failure occurred in 53 patients (2.1%). TEind was not associated with induction failure (OR: not estimable) or treatment intensification (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 0.66 [0.26–1.69]). TEind was independently associated with overall survival (adjusted HR [95% CI]: 2.54 [1.20–5.03]) but not event‐free survival (adjusted HR [95% CI] 1.86 [0.98–3.51]). In this population‐based study of children treated with contemporary chemotherapy protocols, TEind was associated with age and T‐cell phenotype and mortality but did not predict induction failure.
Modulating the Dipole Moment of Secondary Ammonium Spacers for Efficient 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Rui , Yang Liu , Hu Ziyang , Liu Hang , Liu Yongsheng
Published: January 2024

Layered two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites are emerging as promising optoelectronic materials owing to their excellent environmental stability. Regulating the dipole moment of organic spacers has the potential to reduce the exciton binding energy (Eb) of 2D perovskites and improve their photovoltaic performance. Here, we developed two azetidine‐based secondary ammonium spacers with different electron‐withdrawing groups, namely 3‐hydroxyazatidine (3‐OHAz) and 3,3‐difluoroazetidine (3,3‐DFAz) spacers, for 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) perovskites. It was found that the large dipole moment of the fluorinated dipole spacer could effectively enhance the interaction between organic spacers and inorganic layers, leading to improved charge dissociation in 2D RP perovskite. In contrast to 3‐OHAz spacer, the 2D perovskite using 3,3‐DFAz as spacer also shows improved film quality, optimized energy level alignment, and reduced exciton binding energy. As a result, the 2D perovskite (n=4) device based on 3,3‐DFAz yields an outstanding efficiency of 19.28 %, surpassing that of the 3‐OHAz‐Pb device (PCE=11.35 %). The efficiency was further improved to 19.85 % when using mixed A‐site cation of MA0.95FA0.05. This work provides an effective strategy for modulating the energy level alignment and reducing the Eb by regulating the dipole moment of organic spacers, ultimately enabling the development of high‐performance 2D perovskite solar cells.
Revising the taxonomic status of Asystasia gangetica var. Krishnae Tandyekk., Pandur. & N. Mohanan (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Deepa Lekshmi Viswakumar Sujatha , Anil Kumar Venugopalan nair Saradamma
Published: January 2024

The taxonomic status of Asystasia gangetica var. krishnae has been evaluated and compared with the closely resembling taxon A. intrusa (synonyms: A. gangetica subsp. micrantha and A. micrantha). The trait that differentiates the two taxa, as per reports, is the occurrence of vertical violet‐black bands on the sides of anthers in the former taxon. The authors explain that var. krishnae could be the first report of A. intrusa for the country and suggest the possibility of neglecting the violet black bands in the previous descriptions of A. intrusa.
Modulating fluid rheology and confinement toward augmenting the performance of a double layered microchannel heat sink
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Das Arka , Bakli Chirodeep
Published: January 2024

The improvement of the cooling performance of liquid‐cooled microchannel heat sinks used for densely packed electronic circuits is sorted via passive techniques like tuning substrate or coolant properties. We propose a design for enhancing heat sink performance by simulataneously modifying the channel geometry and tuning the fluid rheology. By modeling the coolant as a power law fluid, its rheological behavior is varied ranging from shear‐thinning to shear‐thickening, alongside Newtonian fluid. We introduced tapering to the middle wall that separates the bottom and top channels of a double layered microchannel heat sink (DL‐MCHS), causing both channels to converge. This convergence not only increases the flow velocity within the downstream microchannel but also reduces the apparent viscosity of the shear‐thinning fluid being subjected to shear, resulting in enhanced thermal and hydraulic performance. We analyze the results from both the first and the second law of thermodynamics context, demonstrating that a tapered DL‐MCHS with shear‐thinning fluid outperforms a straight partition wall DL‐MCHS with Newtonian coolant. However, we also discovered that extreme tapering compromises thermodynamic viability, but by fine‐tuning the extent of tapering, we inferred that a DL‐MCHS with shear‐thinning fluid can become viable with little compromise in the thermal performance.
Ein Farbstoff wird zur biologischen Sonde
Authors: Simeth Nadja
Published: January 2024

Azobenzole in Zellen aktivieren und deaktivieren Ionenkanäle, wenn sie mit Licht bestrahlt werden. Solche Einsatzzwecke in biologischen Systemen haben besondere Anforderungen, etwa bei Absorptionsmaximum und Löslichkeit. Das erfordert damals wie heute kluge Synthesestrategien.
Krebsmedikamente zum Anschalten
Authors: Felber Jan G.
Published: January 2024

Arzneimittel gegen Krebs haben durch ihren potenten, aber meist unspezifischen Wirkmechanismus Nebenwirkungen für Patientinnen und Patienten. Klartext‐Preisträger Jan G. Felber hat neuartige molekulare Mäntel entwickelt, um therapeutische Wirkstoffe gezielt zu aktivieren – und zwar durch enzymatische Prozesse im Krebsgewebe.
Kambrische Werkstoff‐Explosion
Authors: Albus Stefan
Published: January 2024

Eine plastikmüllfreie Welt wünschen sich viele. Erste Schritte dorthin gingen die Aussteller und Besucher auf einer Messe in Köln. Beispiele sind biobasierte Polyole, bioabbaubare Schraubdeckel und Beschichtungen, die zwar Fett abhalten, sich in Wasser aber auflösen.
GDCh‐Vorstandssitzung
Authors: Koch Wolfram
Published: January 2024

Bericht über die Sitzung des GDCh‐Vorstands und über die konstituierende Sitzung des neu gewählten Vorstands der Amtsperiode 2024 bis 2027 am 4. September 2023 in Leipzig
Fluorescent Nile blue‐functionalized poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) microgels responsive to temperature and polyamines
Authors: Shen Qiming , Fang Changhao , Hu Liang , Serpe Michael J.
Published: January 2024

Fluorescent poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐Nile blue) (pNIPAm‐co‐NB) microgels were synthesized that exhibited fluorescence intensity changes in a water temperature‐dependent fashion. NB is well known to exhibit fluorescence intensity that depends on the hydrophobicity of the environment, while pNIPAm‐based microgels are well known to transition from swollen (hydrophilic) to collapsed (relatively hydrophobic) at temperatures greater than 32 °C; hence, we attribute the above behavior to the hydrophobicity changes of the microgels with increasing temperature. This phenomenon is ultimately due to NB dimers (relatively quenched fluorescence) being broken in the hydrophobic environment of the microgels leading to relatively enhanced fluorescence. We went on to show that the introduction of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) into the pNIPAm‐co‐NB microgels enhanced their fluorescence allowing them to be used for polyamine (e.g., spermine [SPM]) detection. Specifically, CB[7] forms a host–guest interaction with NB in the microgels, which prevents NB dimerization and enhances their fluorescence. When SPM is present, it forms a host–guest complex that is favored over the CB[7]‐NB host–guest interaction, which frees the NB for dimerization and leads to fluorescence quenching. As a result, we could generate an SPM sensor capable of SPM detection down to ~0.5 µmol/L in complicated matrixes such as serum and urine.
Case series: Using laryngeal mask airway to enhance the radiological evaluation and staging of cancers involving the larynx: A novel technique
Authors: Aljaafari Abdullah , Raad Haytham , Munar Aysegul , Hasan Ali H. , Sabra Omar
Published: January 2024

The diagnosis and staging of head and neck tumors requires proper clinical, endoscopic, and radiological evaluation. Currently, imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are used for head and neck tumors but are limited in showing involvement of different hypopharyngeal sub‐compartments. Several maneuvers have been developed to improve visualization of the head and neck area; however, they demonstrated minimal benefit. In this case series, patients with tumors involving the hypopharynx are studied. A laryngeal mask airway was used to stent the hypopharynx to assess the extent of the disease by creating real space between mucosal surfaces. This case series aims to describe the impact of using laryngeal mask airway on the evaluation of cancers involving the hypopharynx.
$$L^2$$ Estimates for a Nikodym Maximal Function Associated to Space Curves
Authors: Govindan Sheri Aswin
Published: January 2024

For $$p \in [2,\infty )$$

p
∈
[
2
,
∞
)

, we consider the $$L^p \rightarrow L^p$$

L
p

→

L
p

boundedness of a Nikodym maximal function associated to a one-parameter family of tubes in $${\mathbb {R}}^{d+1}$$

R

d
+
1

whose directions are determined by a non-degenerate curve $$\gamma $$
γ
in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

. These operators arise in the analysis of maximal averages over space curves. The main theorem generalises the known results for $$d = 2$$

d
=
2

and $$d = 3$$

d
=
3

to general dimensions. The key ingredient is an induction scheme motivated by recent work of Ko-Lee-Oh.
Living with the Sharks: A Multi-Methods Study Analyzing Human-Wildlife Conflicts as a Step Towards Coexistence (Réunion)
Authors: Pinel Romain , Denayer Dorothée , Bambridge Tamatoa
Published: January 2024

On the island of Réunion, a French overseas department located in the western Indian Ocean, a prefectorial decree taken by the authorities on July 26, 2013 has been reconducted for the past 10 years to forbid swimming and water-based activities, apart from the conditions set out in the injunction. This decision was the outcome of increased shark sightings and incidents causing, in particular, the deaths of 5 ocean users between 2011 and 2013. As a preliminary attempt to address the lack of empirical research on ocean users' social representations and their relationship to non-humans, this paper aims to primarily analyze thoroughly the issues of the acceptance of shark risk mitigation options. Data were gathered through a qualitative study that mobilized several ethnographic tools such as face-to-face semi-structured interviews, participant and non-participant observation as well as social media data survey. Results indicate that the many tensions generated by shark-human interactions (SHIs) on the island of Réunion are related to a lack of public consultation, thus calling the acceptance of the shark management strategy and the scientific recommendations into question. The findings may improve shark-human interactions management as we consider the management of risk as a process to develop a well-balanced way of living with the sharks where residual risk remains. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the management of human-wildlife conflicts (HWCs) while the results tend to confirm the findings of many other studies showing that they are often rooted in human-human conflicts.
Critical Needs for Integrated Surveillance: Wastewater-Based and Clinical Epidemiology in Evolving Scenarios with Lessons Learned from SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Carducci Annalaura , Federigi Ileana , Lauretani Giulia , Muzio Sara , Pagani Alessandra , Atomsa Nebiyu Tariku , Verani Marco
Published: January 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and clinical surveillance have been used as tools for analyzing the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the community, but both approaches can be strongly influenced by some sources of variability. From the challenging perspective of integrating environmental and clinical data, we performed a correlation analysis between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in raw sewage and incident COVID-19 cases in areas served by medium-size wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 2021 to 2023. To this aim, both datasets were adjusted for several sources of variability: WBE data were adjusted for factors including the analytical protocol, sewage flow, and population size, while clinical data adjustments considered the demographic composition of the served population. Then, we addressed the impact on the correlation of differences among sewerage networks and variations in the frequency and type of swab tests due to changes in political and regulatory scenarios. Wastewater and clinical data were significantly correlated when restrictive containment measures and limited movements were in effect (ρ = 0.50) and when COVID-19 cases were confirmed exclusively through molecular testing (ρ = 0.49). Moreover, a positive (although weak) correlation arose for WWTPs located in densely populated areas (ρ = 0.37) and with shorter sewerage lengths (ρ = 0.28). This study provides methodological approaches for interpreting WBE and clinical surveillance data, which could also be useful for other infections. Data adjustments and evaluation of possible sources of bias need to be carefully considered from the perspective of integrated environmental and clinical surveillance of infections.
(K)ein Fall von Schutzbedürftigkeit? Fallkonstitution im Erwachsenenschutz
Authors: Koch Martina , Rüegger Cornelia , Rotzetter Fabienne , Bloch-Chakkalakkal Philomina
Published: January 2024

In einer qualitativen Studie zur „Problemarbeit“ im Schweizer Erwachsenenschutz werden Fälle analysiert, bei denen Menschen über 65 Jahren von einer Organisation der Altersarbeit bei der Erwachsenenschutzbehörde als „gefährdet“ gemeldet werden. Es interessieren dabei die Prozesse, Praktiken und Spannungsfelder der (Nicht‑)Herstellung einer „Schutzbedürftigkeit“.
Was ist Heimat?
Authors: Wulf Philipp
Published: January 2024

Dass Migrationsbewegungen eine Herausforderung für alle sozialen Berufe darstellen, ist nicht erst in den letzten Jahren, in diesen aber verstärkt betont worden. Die Akzentuierung als „Herausforderung“ deutet auf den Umstand, dass Geflüchtete in ihrem Ankunftsland zunächst einmal von den Bedingungen persönlichen Erfolgs ausgeschlossen sind und erhebliche Hürden zu überwinden haben, um ein Auskommen zu finden. Für die Soziale Arbeit ergibt sich damit der Bedarf an Orientierungswissen, welches dazu beiträgt, die eigene Praxis in den gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen einzuordnen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz will analysieren, wie die komplexe Kategorie der Heimat in der deutschsprachigen Exilliteratur und -philosophie verhandelt wurde und inwieweit dabei eine immer noch aktuelle Verallgemeinerung dessen, was Heimat eigentlich ist, vorzunehmen ist. Die Komplexität des Heimatbegriffs, so wird gezeigt, ergibt sich daraus, dass in ihm Materialismus und Idealismus zusammengeschlossen sind, die von der Analyse zu trennen sind: Während Heimat materialistisch verstanden werden kann als der Ort, an dem das Subjekt seine Bedürfnisse befriedigen kann, sich in seiner Umgebung zu orientieren vermag und sozial eingebettet ist, basiert der Idealismus der Heimat auf einem Verhältnis der Entsprechung: Das Empfinden des Subjekts, es gehöre seiner inneren Bestimmung nach an einen bestimmten Ort, erweist sich als Resultat einer Anpassungsleistung. Weil zudem in der kapitalistischen Gesellschaft der Materialismus des Subjekts notwendigerweise bedingt ist, stellt sich heraus, dass der Idealismus der Heimat in der Regel gerade im Lichte des Scheiterns des Materialismus auf den Plan tritt und sich hierbei gegen Hinzugekommene richtet, die als nichtzugehörig betrachtet werden. Derart führt die Kritik des Heimatidealismus über in eine Kritik der staatlichen Definition von Gesellschaften, an der sich bis heute das Schicksal der Menschen entscheidet. Für die Soziale Arbeit ist die ideologiekritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Heimatbegriff von ungeheurer Bedeutung, weil sie dazu befähigt, die Bedingungen der eigenen Praxis und damit auch die Reichweite der eigenen Handlungsfähigkeit realistisch einzuschätzen.
On-Chip Sub-Picometer Continuous Wavelength Fiber-Bragg-Grating Interrogator
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Zou Jun , Zhang Jiqiang , Zhang Lu , Zhang Jiahe , Meng Leixin , Yang Qing
Published: January 2024

Miniaturized fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) interrogators are of interest for applications in the areas where weight and size controlling is important, e.g., airplanes and aerospace or in-situ monitoring. An ultra-compact high-precision on-chip interrogator is proposed based on a tailored arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The on-chip interrogator enables continuous wavelength interrogation from 1 544 nm to 1 568 nm with the wavelength accuracy of less than 1 pm [the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 0.73 pm] over the whole wavelength range. The chip loss is less than 5 dB. The 1 × 16 AWG is optimized to achieve a large bandwidth and a low noise level at each channel, and the FBG reflection peaks can be detected by multiple output channels of the AWG. The fabricated AWG is utilized to interrogate FBG sensors through the center of gravity (CoG) algorithm. The validation of an on-chip FBG interrogator that works with sub-picometer wavelength accuracy in a broad wavelength range shows large potential for applications in miniaturized fiber optic sensing systems.