bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ФОТОКАТАЛІТИЧНОЇ ДЕСТРУКЦІЇ МЕТИЛЕНОВОГО СИНЬОГО В ПРИСУТНОСТІ МАГНЕТИТУ
Authors: ФРОЛОВА Л.А. , БУТИРІНА Т.Є. , САВЧЕНКО М.О. , СУХИЙ М.К.
Published: October 2021

Використання математичного моделювання для розробки нових технологій очищення стічних вод є дуже важливим, оскільки дає змогу скоротити кількість дослідів, визначити оптимальні умови процесу, побудувати математичну модель. Багатофакторні залежності, які, наприклад, отримують за допомогою методів планування експерименту – це потужні статистичні інструменти, які дозволяють визначити сумарний вплив досліджуваних змінних, який можливо оцінювати одночасно, провести статистичну обробку результатів, що будуть використані, проводити оптимізацію з використанням математичних моделей, щоб отримати найкращі експериментальні умови проведення процесу очищення. Для оцінки впливу обраних факторів використовувався метод центрального композиційного рототабельного планування експерименту. Визначали вплив таких параметрів, як концентрація фотокаталізатора (x1), об’єм Н2О2 (x2) та час обробки УФ опроміненням (x3) на деградацію метиленового синього(МС). Представлені результати показують, що магнетит є ефективним каталізатором розкладу МС під дією УФ-випромінювання. Встановлено, що більшість ефектів є статистично значущими щодо функції відгуку. Високі значення коефіцієнтів при x3, x1, x2 вказують на те, що вони є найбільш впливовими на процес фотокаталітичної деструкції. Коефіцієнт при x3 не тільки має найвище значення з усіх ефектів, а ле й приблизно в 2 рази більше, ніж коефіцієнт при x3. Коефіцієнти відповідні взаємодіям x1x2 (1,32) і x1x3 (5,24) представлені значеннями, що в 5,84 і 1,5 разів менше відносно коефіцієнту при x3. Значення коефіцієнта детермінації (R2) становить приблизно 0,998, що підтверджує тісний взаємозв'язок між незалежними факторами і функцією відгуку. Високі значення коефіцієнтів в лінійних доданках (x2, x3) в порівнянні з іншими коефіцієнтами означають, що вони є найбільш впливовими у рівнянні. Встановлено, що підвищення часу обробки призводить до збільшення ступеню деградації МС. Вплив концентрації перекису водню та каталізатору має екстремальний характер. Значимість факторів змінюється наступним чином: tоб> mадс> Vн2о2. Крім того, дисперсійний аналіз показав узгодженість між експериментальними даними та теоретично визначеними, тобто отримана математична модель адекватна.
ТРИРОЗМІРНІ КОМПОЗИЦІЙНІ МАТРИЦІ ТА ЇХ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ДЛЯ СТВОРЕННЯ КОМПОЗИЦІЙНИХ ГЕОМЕТРИЧНИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ОБ'ЄМНИХ ОБ'ЄКТІВ ДОВІЛЬНОЇ ФОРМИ
Authors: ВЕРЕЩАГА В.М. , ПАВЛЕНКО О.М.
Published: October 2021

У дослідженні запропоновано геометричний спосіб створення моделей динаміки у просторі дискретно поданих окремих станів процесу, на базі використання методів композиційної геометрії. Вводиться означення базисних станів, трирозмірних композиційних матриць, пропонуються правила позначення індексації елементів трирозмірних композиційних матриць (компоматриць). Вказується на те, що трирозмірну композиційну матрицю неможливо подати у вигляді однієї таблиці, тому запропоновано подавати її у вигляді сукупності таблиць за напрямками параметризації геометричної фігури, для якої складається ця трирозмірна компоматриця. Наведено приклади загального та розгорнутого подання таких таблиць. Нагадується, що у композиційному геометричному моделюванні (КГМ) кожну вихідну геометричну фігуру (ГФ), перед розв'язанням задачі, необхідно уніфікувати, тобто привести до вигляду, придатного для її використання у композиційному геометричному моделюванні. Геометрична складова уніфікованої ГФ подається у вигляді точкових компоматриць за напрямками параметризації. Параметрична складова уніфікованої ГФ подається у вигляді параметричних компоматриць. Наголошується, що усі розрахункові операції здійснюються через використання тривимірних координатних (розрахункових) компоматриць, які складаються за схемою відповідних точкових компоматриць. Вказується на те, що початково сформована трирозмірна параметрична компоматриця, майже завжди, є негармонізованою, тобто сума всіх її елементів не дорівнює одиниці. Надається алгоритм гармонізаціїї параметричної трирозмірної компоматриці. Надається послідовність операцій у компоматричній формі щодо здобуття трирозмірної компоматриці для об'ємної геометричної фігури довільної форми.
CRIMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ILLEGAL FELLING OR ILLEGAL TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE, SALE OF FOREST
Authors: Акіфзаде С. М.
Published: October 2021

The article notes that today the theory of forensic characterization of crimes has achieved significant success in its development, and the controversial nature of its provisions is due to the need to develop new methods, expanding the base of their formation, modern approaches to the principles of forensic classification of crimes. Emphasis is placed on the special role of criminal-legal characteristics of illegal logging as a basis for the formation of forensic characteristics of this type of crime. The structure and forensic characteristics of illegal logging are substantiated, in which the following elements are distinguished: the situation and the subject of criminal encroachment; ways of preparing, committing and concealing a crime; traces of the crime; the identity of the offender. Typical ways of committing illegal logging have been identified and characterized. It is determined that the specificity of such methods is determined by the peculiarities of the technological cycle of logging and consists of a sequential chain of interconnected processes, including logging and transport operations. It is determined that the operational and investigative characteristics of illegal logging or illegal transportation, storage, sale of forests should be understood as a system of criminal law, forensic, criminological and other signs of a criminal offense, which is important for identifying and documenting illegal activities of persons (criminal groups), who are involved in its commission, as well as the choice of tactics for operational and investigative measures. The expediency of including in the operative-search characteristic of such elements as: the subject of illegal encroachments (trees, bushes, etc.) is substantiated; persons who commit illegal logging or illegal transportation, storage, sale of forests; ways to counteract the activities of the operational unit, which carry out measures to prevent and counteract such illegal actions, the local population (defined measures taken by local residents to prevent them from stopping illegal logging).
The essence and content of judges' pensions
Authors: Соколова Юлія Ігорівна
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "pension" and "pension provision". Based on the analysis, a theoretical and legal position on the content and features of the category "pension provision of judges" was built. The main factors that explain the specifics of the pension provision of judges in Ukraine are outlined.
Adaptação de Estudantes Universitários Estrangeiros no Brasil: Revisão de Escopo
Authors: Possa Zembrzuski Letícia Janaina , Maria Reis Capellani dos Santos Clenise , Kenji Nihei Oscar
Published: October 2021

Este artigo aborda a adaptação dos estudantes universitários estrangeiros no Brasil dentro da perspectiva da internacionalização do Ensino Superior e foi motivado pela necessidade de compreender a realidade desses estudantes que buscam capacitação fora de seu país de origem. Procurou-se analisar os avanços sobre o tema nos últimos anos e que necessitam ser esclarecidos através de análises que induzem a medidas de balizamentos teóricos e empíricos estabelecidos para entender os fluxos estudantis e os fatores facilitadores e dificultadores envolvidos. Assim, objetivou-se analisar o processo de adaptação de estudantes universitários estrangeiros nas universidades brasileiras. O método adotado foi a da revisão de escopo que compreende o emprego de buscas em bases bibliográficas online de publicações entre 2009 a 2019, utilizando como pergunta norteadora: “Quais os fatores que incidem na adaptação dos estudantes estrangeiros imigrantes ao buscar uma formação universitária no Brasil? ”. Como resultado da pesquisa, foram selecionados 11 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Esses estudos apontaram que há elementos facilitadores como à rede de amizades e relações sociais, a assistência estudantil, o idioma e aspectos culturais e afetivos, mas também há dificultadores da adaptação relacionados às dificuldades da vida cotidiana (adaptação alimentar, moradia, saúde, custo de vida, clima e segurança), assim como, de natureza social e também afetiva representado pelo preconceito e discriminação que sofrem e a ausência familiar, levando a sofrimento psíquico, ao mesmo tempo que indicam que as políticas públicas de acolhimento e assistência estudantil nas universidades necessitam ser aprimoradas, para assim atuarem na redução da evasão nas universidades.  

 

Palavras-chaves: Internacionalização. Adaptação de estudantes estrangeiros. Acolhimento.
O Contexto Emergencial das Aulas Remotas no Ensino Fundamental – Anos Iniciais: Perspectivas e Desafios da Informatização do Ensino
Authors: Viana Cristiane Alves , Nascimento Kelin Regina Bergamini do
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo descreve as perspectivas e alguns desafios vivenciados pelos professores do Ensino Fundamental – Anos Iniciais, frente à implantação emergencial do ensino remoto, exigindo rápida e forçosa adaptação docente, além da busca por novas formas de aprender e ensinar mediadas pelas tecnologias. O objetivo central foi avaliar o comportamento, o nível de autossatisfação e as habilidades com a tecnologia digital como potencial ferramenta pedagógica de uma unidade escolar da rede pública municipal, em Foz do Iguaçu. O encaminhamento metodológico deu-se através da pesquisa de levantamento de dados (survey), utilizando-se da análise comparativa entre os apontamentos realizados pela equipe docente, separada em dois grupos etários. Os resultados demonstraram que a necessidade da informatização do ensino, imposta pelo contexto pandêmico, causou e vem causando grande preocupação no corpo docente, onde a incorporação das tecnologias como recursos pedagógicos ainda é algo distante da realidade escolar. Verificou-se, também, que o grupo de professores com idade superior a trinta e cinco anos foi o que mais encontrou dificuldades em se adaptar e apresentou maior desgaste emocional no processo. Como consequência, os professores relataram que a passagem pelo ensino remoto traz como lições a necessidade de aprendizagem constante e de superação de obstáculos.
Student Attitude Towards the Application of Conceptual Metaphors to Teaching English Idioms
Authors: Pham Thai Bao Ngoc
Published: October 2021

Contrary to the traditional view of idioms, cognitive linguists have demonstrated that the nature of idioms is not arbitrary and rote memorization is not the only way to learn them. The discovery of conceptual metaphor (CM) and its application to teaching idiomatic language in EFL has opened up a new path to more systematic and perceptive learning. However, the learners’ attitudes towards the employment of conceptual metaphors have yet to be thoroughly explored. To address this issue, the current study aimed to investigate the attitudes of 106 Vietnamese university students towards the CM-inspired instruction after a five-week treatment. Two research instruments were employed in this study: an attitudinal questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The results of the study reveal that the CM-inspired instruction received positive feedback from the students, though the instruction itself exposed some shortcomings that need to be dealt with. To overcome its shortcomings, actual pictures and activities for structural elaboration are proposed to be used concurrently with the CM-inspired instruction.
Measures to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Street Lighting Systems in the Kharkiv City
Authors: Didenko Olena , Suvorova Krystyna , Liashenko Olena , Sukhonos Maria , Liubchenko Maria
Published: October 2021

High-quality street lighting improves visual perception of the road and provides for a significant decrease in the number of road accidents. It has been established that the total number of accidents can be reduced by 30% for national roads and by 45% for especially hazard areas (e.g., at intersections). Doubling of the average luminance of the road surface significantly reduces the number of accidents in the dark and twilight. Sufficient street lighting contributes to: reducing electricity consumption; decreasing operating costs; improving the environmental situation; promoting business, tourism and investment activity; decreasing the number of criminal offenses. The analysis of recent research and publications helped choose the best European practices which can be used to improve the outdoor lighting in Ukraine. The street lighting network is continuously growing and being modernized. Different types of light sources are being used in the network to illuminate the city. Today, high-pressure lamps (HPS) are leading. They are increasingly replaced by LED light sources. Not a small share is accounted for by metal-halide lamps. The smallest number of light sources in the street lighting system, high-pressure mercury and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). To increase the efficiency of the street lighting system and reduce energy consumption for its operation, measures for its reconstruction and modernization are required. For this purpose, it is necessary to address the following problems: high level of obsolescence and physical wear and tear of system elements; inefficient use and high losses of electricity at the stages of transportation and consumption, due to the use of obsolete and worn-out equipment; suboptimal distribution of the utility capacity, which leads to ineffective use of the existing lighting system; low efficiency of the street lighting control system, due to the lack of electric meters and remote monitoring and control of the street lighting. Introduction of energy-saving types of light sources is one of the ways to modernize the existing street lighting system. It is necessary to replace old lighting fixtures, which have already exhausted their life span, by new energy-saving light sources (replace CFLs by LEDs), use automatic control systems. All this in turn will help reduce energy costs by 60%. To improve energy efficiency of the street lighting system, it is also recommended to carryout the replacement of electromagnetic ballasts by electronic ones. The employment of electronic ballasts, e.g., in case of using HPS 250 lamps, allows to save approximately 255 kWh/year. Considering that the price per kW of electric energy is UAH 2.68, one luminaire helps save the amount of UAH 683.4 per year.
ПРОГНОЗ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПРИДАТНОСТІ РЯТУВАЛЬНИКІВ СЛУЖБИ ПОРЯТУНКУ ОСОБЛИВОГО РИЗИКУ МНС АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСЬКОЇ РЕСПУБЛІКИ
Authors: Софієва Х.
Published: October 2021

У статті розглядається питання необхідності проведення професійно-психологічного відбору кандидатів на службу в МНС Азербайджанської Республіки з метою визначення достовірного прогнозу професійної придатності рятувальників Служби Порятунку Особливого Ризику, обґрунтовується необхідність зміни формату проведення професійного відбору, спираючись на сучасний досвід ДСНС України.
ПРО ДОСВІД ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ОСІБ З ІНВАЛІДНІСТЮ В УМОВАХ ІНКЛЮЗИВНИХ ТАБОРІВ
Authors: Кобець О. , Гульбс О.
Published: October 2021

У статі розкривається питання психологічної реабілітації осіб з інвалідністю у умовах інклюзивних таборів, аналізується нормативно-правова база з даного питання. Досліджується провідний досвід оздоровчих таборів та методи їх роботи з особами з інвалідністю.
Clinical Efficacy Test of Polyester Dressing Containing Herbal Extracts and Silver Sulfadiazine Cream Compared with Silver Sulfadiazine Cream in Healing Burn Wounds: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tianwattanatada Suttipong , Namviriyachote Nantaporn , Chinaroonchai Kusuma , Owattanapanich Natthida , Nair Harikrishna K.R. , Muangman Pornprom
Published: October 2021

The standard burn wound treatment is the application of silver zinc sulfadiazine cream, covered with sterilized gauze dressing. This method has been used for decades because of its reasonable costs and applicability for larger wound sizes. However, gauze with a large pore size may stick to the wound bed and cause wound trauma, leading to delayed healing. The patient may also experience additional pain during changing the dressing. The non-adherent property of a hydrocolloid dressing coated with herbal extract (SIHERB) can promote wound healing as well as reduce pain.

This study compared the two methods of burn wound treatment in the same patients, who were split into a “treatment group”, who were applied both silver sulfadiazine cream and hydrocolloid dressing, and “control group”, who were applied only silver sulfadiazine cream. The studied outcomes were the number of days for wound closure, the percentage epithelialization, and the pain score (evaluated every three days until epithelialization was completed). In total, 24 patients at the Burn Clinic, Siriraj Hospital were enrolled on this study. The starting wound areas were ranged from 210–220 cm2. The treatment group exhibited significant results regarding faster wound healing, referring to the number of days taken for wound closure (18 days in the control group vs. 15 days in the experimental group) and the percentage epithelialization compared to the control group. The average pain score in the experimental group was also lower on days 9, 12, and 15 after treatment (p < 0.05). No adverse effects were observed during the study.

In conclusion, the combination of hydrocolloid dressing and silver sulfadiazine cream could reduce the wound shearing force and wound bed injury, accelerating the rate of wound closure and decreasing the pain during changing the dressing. This technique could improve upon the standard burn wound treatment.
Improved Biocompatibility of Intra-Arterial Poly-L-Lactic Acid Stent by Tantalum Ion Implantation : 3-Month Results in a Swine Model
Authors: Kim Kangmin , Park Suhyung , Park Jeong Hwan , Cho Won-Sang , Kim Hyoun-Ee , Lee Sung-Mi , Kim Jeong Eun , Kang Hyun-Seung , Jang Tae-Sik
Published: October 2021

Objective : Biodegradable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) with a highly biocompatible surface via tantalum (Ta) ion implantation can be an innovative solution for the problems associated with current biodegradable stents. The purpose of this study is to develop a Ta-implanted PLLA stent for clinical use and to investigate its biological performance capabilities.Methods : A series of in vitro and in vivo tests were used to assess the biological performance of bare and Ta-implanted PLLA stents. The re-endothelialization ability and thrombogenicity were examined through in vitro endothelial cell and platelet adhesion tests. An in vivo swine model was used to evaluate the effects of Ta ion implantation on subacute restenosis and thrombosis. Angiographic and histologic evaluations were conducted at one, two and three months post-treatment.Results : The Ta-implanted PLLA stent was successfully fabricated, exhibiting a smooth surface morphology and modified layer integration. After Ta ion implantation, the surface properties were more favorable for rapid endothelialization and for less platelet attachment compared to the bare PLLA stent. In an in vivo animal test, follow-up angiography showed no evidence of in-stent stenosis in either group. In a microscopic histologic examination, luminal thrombus formation was significantly suppressed in the Ta-implanted PLLA stent group according to the 2-month follow-up assessment (21.2% vs. 63.9%, p=0.005). Cells positive for CD 68, a marker for the monocyte lineage, were less frequently identified around the Ta-implanted PLLA stent in the 1-month follow-up assessments.Conclusion : The use of a Ta-implanted PLLA stent appears to promote re-endothelialization and anti-thrombogenicity.
Biologists also do Literature: Derrida, Heidegger, and the Danger of Scientism
Authors: Senatore Mauro
Published: October 2021

In his recently published seminar Life Death (1975–76), Derrida engages in a close reading of Heidegger's refutation of the biologistic interpretation of Nietzsche. Derrida explains that, building on his interpretation of Nietzsche as the peak of metaphysics, Heidegger wishes to rescue the latter's metaphysical discourse from its biologizing character. In this article, I argue that Derrida's reading centres on the ontological regionalism undergirding Heidegger's refutation. To develop this argument, I test the following three hypotheses. First, I show that the later exploration offered in Life Death draws on the schematic reading of Heidegger's question of being provided in Of Grammatology (1967). Second, I explain that, for Derrida, through his refutation of Nietzsche's supposed biologism, Heidegger reaffirms ontological regionalism in order to secure the whole interpretative system that interweaves together his reading of Nietzsche and Western metaphysics and his thinking of being. Finally, I highlight Derrida's emphasis on the relentlessness of Heidegger's denunciation of biologism. I demonstrate that, for Derrida, this can be explained as biology, which is a discourse on life and nature that since its beginnings touches on the blind point of regionalism.
Copyright and fundamental rights to freedom of the information, the press: EU judicial practice
Authors: Trotska Valentyna
Published: October 2021

Trotska V. Copyright and fundamental rights to freedom of the information, the press: EU judicial practice. The author in the article explores the issue of practical application of legal norms that cross two rights: copyright and the right to freedom of information, and press. The court decisions were analyzed in detail:«Spiegel Online GmbH v. Volker Bec» and others. Disputes were heard by German courts as well as by the Court of Justice of the EU (decision of July 29, 2019). The court's explanation of the application of European and German copyright law in the context of exceptions and limitations to these rights for informational purposes has been researched.The main questions were answered by the Court of Justice of the EU and the German Court has been considered:Was the use of the work a notification of current events?What is a citation of the work?Is a hyperlink to his work considered as citation?

How to find a balance between copyright and fundamental rights to freedom of the information and the press?Attention is drawn to the recommendations of the Court of Justice of the EU to the national court in finding a balance between the exclusive rights of the copyright subject, on the one hand, and the rights of users, on the other hand; taking into account all the circumstances of the case, based on fundamental rights are provided in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, and the norms of copyright law.Resolving such disputes requires: take into account the character of the information; to decide whether the information is a notification of current events, even in cases where the event occurred much earlier, but at the time of the dispute considered as public interest; establish the purpose and scope of citation of the work, whether the citation goes beyond what is necessary to achieve the information goal; consider thatcitations can be made, via hyperlinking to the work.A comparison is made between the norms of the legislation of Ukraine on copyright about the free use of works and the corresponding the norms of the European and German legislation.Judicial decisions are interesting, and their consideration is useful, for several reasons.Firstly, the court provided detailed explanations on the conditions of free use of the works of the Media for information purposes.Secondly, recommendations are provided to ensure the balance of these rights.Third, the conditions under which the use of the works (their fragments) will be considered a citation by means of a hyperlink, are determined.Fourth, explanations of the norms of Directive 2001/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society, are provided.Therefore, familiarization with these cases and their analysis conducted by the author in the article will be useful for judges, lawyers, jurists, scholars and other stakeholders.
АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ ПРОКРЕАЦИИ: ЯЗЫК МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОГО ДИСКУРСА
Authors: Киященко Лариса Павловна
Published: October 2021

В статье рассмотрены проблемные узлы исследования, посвященного современным тенденциям развития антропологического знания, имеющего междисциплинарную направленность. Ключевую роль в этом направлении играет термин «прокреация», его концептуализация проходит на фоне становления социокультурных норм при усложнении соотношения фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов воспроизводства деторождения с помощью ВРТ. Междисциплинарность, как подтверждает проводимое исследование, имеет позитивную направленность в своих решениях, если параллельно идет формирование словаря (тезауруса), тематически ориентированного на дискурсивные практики проекта.
Blockchain Native Data Linkage
Authors: Cunningham James , Davidge Gail , Davies Nigel , Devaney Sarah , Holm Søren , Harding Mike , Leeming Gary , Neumann Victoria , Ainsworth John
Published: October 2021

Data providers holding sensitive medical data often need to exchange data pertaining to patients for whom they hold particular data. This involves requesting information from other providers to augment the data they hold. However, revealing the superset of identifiers for which a provider requires information can, in itself, leak sensitive private data. Data linkage services exist to facilitate the exchange of anonymized identifiers between data providers. Reliance on third parties to provide these services still raises issues around the trust, privacy and security of such implementations. The rise and use of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies over the last decade has, alongside innovation and disruption in the financial sphere, also brought to the fore and refined the use of associated privacy-preserving cryptographic protocols and techniques. These techniques are now being adopted and used in fields removed from the original financial use cases. In this paper we present a combination of a blockchain-native auditing and trust-enabling environment alongside a query exchange protocol. This allows the exchange of sets of patient identifiers between data providers in such a way that only identifiers lying in the intersection of sets of identifiers are revealed and shared, allowing further secure and privacy-preserving exchange of medical information to be carried out between the two parties. We present the design and implementation of a system demonstrating the effectiveness of these exchange protocols giving a reference architecture for the implementation of such a system.
JNK Mediates Differentiation, Cell Polarity and Apoptosis During Amphioxus Development by Regulating Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics and ERK Signalling
Authors: Somorjai Ildiko M. L. , Ehebauer Matthias T. , Escrivà Hector , Garcia-Fernàndez Jordi
Published: October 2021

c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a multi-functional protein involved in a diverse array of context-dependent processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, adhesion, and differentiation. It is integral to several signalling cascades, notably downstream of non-canonical Wnt and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. As such, it is a key regulator of cellular behaviour and patterning during embryonic development across the animal kingdom. The cephalochordate amphioxus is an invertebrate chordate model system straddling the invertebrate to vertebrate transition and is thus ideally suited for comparative studies of morphogenesis. However, next to nothing is known about JNK signalling or cellular processes in this lineage. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK signalling using SP600125 during embryonic development arrests gastrula invagination and causes convergence extension-like defects in axial elongation, particularly of the notochord. Pharynx formation and anterior oral mesoderm derivatives like the preoral pit are also affected. This is accompanied by tissue-specific transcriptional changes, including reduced expression of six3/6 and wnt2 in the notochord, and ectopic wnt11 in neurulating embryos treated at late gastrula stages. Cellular delamination results in accumulation of cells in the gut cavity and a dorsal fin-like protrusion, followed by secondary Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of polarity-deficient cells, a phenotype only partly rescued by co-culture with the pan-Caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk. Ectopic activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signalling in the neighbours of extruded notochord and neural cells, possibly due to altered adhesive and tensile properties, as well as defects in cellular migration, may explain some phenotypes caused by JNK inhibition. Overall, this study supports conserved functions of JNK signalling in mediating the complex balance between cell survival, apoptosis, differentiation, and cell fate specification during cephalochordate morphogenesis.
Sacubitril Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis Through Inhibiting TRPM7 Channel
Authors: Jia Tian , Wang Xiaozhi , Tang Yiqun , Yu Wenying , Li Chenhui , Cui Shufang , Zhu Juanjuan , Meng Wei , Wang Chen , Wang Quanyi
Published: October 2021

Heart failure caused by cardiac fibrosis has become a major challenge of public health worldwide. Cardiomyocyte programmed cell death (PCD) and activation of fibroblasts are crucial pathological features, both of which are associated with aberrant Ca2+ influx. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7), the major Ca2+ permeable channel, plays a regulatory role in cardiac fibrosis. In this study, we sought to explore the mechanistic details for sacubitril, a component of sacubitril/valsartan, in treating cardiac fibrosis. We demonstrated that sacubitril/valsartan could effectively ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and reduce cardiac fibrosis induced by isoprotereno (ISO) in vivo. We further investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of sacubitril in fibroblasts. LBQ657, the metabolite of sacubitril, could significantly attenuate transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) induced cardiac fibrosis by blocking TRPM7 channel, rather than suppressing its protein expression. In addition, LBQ657 reduced hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte PCD via suppression of Ca2+ influx regulated by TRPM7. These findings suggested that sacubitril ameliorated cardiac fibrosis by acting on both fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes through inhibiting TRPM7 channel.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of GeneLEAD VIII DNA Platform Combined to Deeplex Myc-TB® Assay to Detect in 8 Days Drug Resistance to 13 Antituberculous Drugs and Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Directly From Clinical Samples
Authors: Bonnet Isabelle , Enouf Vincent , Morel Florence , Ok Vichita , Jaffré Jérémy , Jarlier Vincent , Aubry Alexandra , Robert Jérôme , Sougakoff Wladimir
Published: October 2021

The GeneLEAD VIII (Diagenode, Belgium) is a new, fully automated, sample-to-result precision instrument for the extraction of DNA and PCR detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) directly from clinical samples. The Deeplex Myc-TB® assay (Genoscreen, France) is a diagnostic kit based on the deep sequencing of a 24-plexed amplicon mix allowing simultaneously the detection of resistance to 13 antituberculous (antiTB) drugs and the determination of spoligotype. We evaluated the performance of a strategy combining the both mentioned tools to detect directly from clinical samples, in 8 days, MTBC and its resistance to 13 antiTB drugs, and identify potential transmission of strains from patient-to-patient. Using this approach, we screened 112 clinical samples (65 smear-negative) and 94 MTBC cultured strains. The sensitivity and the specificity of the GeneLEAD/Deeplex Myc-TB approach for MTBC detection were 79.3% and 100%, respectively. One hundred forty successful Deeplex Myc-TB results were obtained for 46 clinical samples and 94 strains, a total of 85.4% of which had a Deeplex Myc-TB susceptibility and resistance prediction consistent with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). Importantly, the Deeplex Myc-TB assay was able to detect 100% of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) MTBC tested. The lowest concordance rates were for pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin, and ethionamide (84.5%, 81.5%, 73%, and 55%, respectively) for which the determination of susceptibility or resistance is generally difficult with current tools. One of the main difficulties of Deeplex Myc-TB is to interpret the non-synonymous uncharacterized variants that can represent up to 30% of the detected single nucleotide variants. We observed a good level of concordance between Deeplex Myc-TB-spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR despite a lower discriminatory power for spoligotyping. The median time to obtain complete results from clinical samples was 8 days (IQR 7–13) provided a high-throughput NGS sequencing platform was available. Our results highlight that the GeneLEAD/Deeplex Myc-TB approach could be a breakthrough in rapid diagnosis of MDR TB in routine practice.
Doppler Echocardiography Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Function in Patients With Angina and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Schroder Jakob , Prescott Eva
Published: October 2021

Echocardiographic evaluation is an essential part of the diagnostic work-up in patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) enables straightforward and reliable visualization of flow in the left anterior descending artery. In the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, low TTDE-derived coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) is considered a marker of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). TTDE CFVR is free from ionizing radiation and widely available, utilizing high-frequency transducers, pharmacologic vasodilator stress, and pulsed-wave Doppler quantification of diastolic peak flow velocities. European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend TTDE CFVR evaluation only following preceding anatomic invasive or non-invasive coronary imaging excluding obstructive CAD. Accordingly, clinical use of TTDE CFVR is limited and CMD frequently goes undiagnosed. An evolving body of evidence underlines that low CFVR is an important and robust predictor of adverse prognosis and continuing symptoms in angina patients both with and without obstructive CAD. The majority of angina patients have no obstructive CAD, particularly among women. This has led to the suggestion that there may be a gender-specific female atherosclerotic phenotype with less epicardial obstruction, and a low CFVR signifying CMD instead. Nevertheless, available evidence indicates low CFVR is an equally important prognostic marker in both men and women. In this review, TTDE CFVR was evaluated regarding indication, practical and technical aspects, and interpretation of results. Association with symptoms and prognosis, comparison with alternative invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities, and possible interventions in angina patients with low CFVR were discussed, and key research questions were proposed.
Application of Extreme Learning Machine in the Survival Analysis of Chronic Heart Failure Patients With High Percentage of Censored Survival Time
Authors: Yang Hong , Tian Jing , Meng Bingxia , Wang Ke , Zheng Chu , Liu Yanling , Yan Jingjing , Han Qinghua , Zhang Yanbo
Published: October 2021

Objective: To explore the application of the Cox model based on extreme learning machine in the survival analysis of patients with chronic heart failure.

Methods: The medical records of 5,279 inpatients diagnosed with chronic heart failure in two grade 3 and first-class hospitals in Taiyuan from 2014 to 2019 were collected; with death as the outcome and after the feature selection, the Lasso Cox, random survival forest (RSF), and the Cox model based on extreme learning machine (ELM Cox) were constructed for survival analysis and prediction; the prediction performance of the three models was explored based on simulated data with three censoring ratios of 25, 50, and 75%.

Results: Simulation results showed that the prediction performance of the three models decreased with increasing censoring proportion, and the ELM Cox model performed best overall; the ELM Cox model constructed with 21 highly influential survival predictors screened from actual chronic heart failure data showed the best performance with C-index and Integrated Brier Score (IBS) of 0.775(0.755, 0.802) and 0.166(0.150, 0.182), respectively.

Conclusion: The ELM Cox model showed good discrimination performance in the survival analysis of patients with chronic heart failure; it performs consistently for data with a high proportion of censored survival time; therefore, the model could help physicians identify patients at high risk of poor prognosis and target therapeutic measures to patients as early as possible.
Air Pollution and Cardiac Arrhythmias: From Epidemiological and Clinical Evidences to Cellular Electrophysiological Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Shugang , Lu Weigang , Wei Zhiqiang , Zhang Henggui
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and kills over 17 million people per year. In the recent decade, growing epidemiological evidence links air pollution and cardiac arrhythmias, suggesting a detrimental influence of air pollution on cardiac electrophysiological functionality. However, the proarrhythmic mechanisms underlying the air pollution-induced cardiac arrhythmias are not fully understood. The purpose of this work is to provide recent advances in air pollution-induced arrhythmias with a comprehensive review of the literature on the common air pollutants and arrhythmias. Six common air pollutants of widespread concern are discussed, namely particulate matter, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. The epidemiological and clinical reports in recent years are reviewed by pollutant type, and the recently identified mechanisms including both the general pathways and the direct influences of air pollutants on the cellular electrophysiology are summarized. Particularly, this review focuses on the impaired ion channel functionality underlying the air pollution-induced arrhythmias. Alterations of ionic currents directly by the air pollutants, as well as the alterations mediated by intracellular signaling or other more general pathways are reviewed in this work. Finally, areas for future research are suggested to address several remaining scientific questions.
Plasma Lipidomics Identifies Unique Lipid Signatures and Potential Biomarkers for Patients With Aortic Dissection
Authors: Huang Huang , Ye Guozhu , Lai Song-qing , Zou Hua-xi , Yuan Bin , Wu Qi-cai , Wan Li , Wang Qun , Zhou Xue-liang , Wang Wen-jun , Cao Yuan-ping , Huang Jian-feng , Chen Shi-li , Yang Bi-cheng , Liu Ji-chun
Published: October 2021

Aortic dissection (AD) is a catastrophic cardiovascular emergency with a poor prognosis, and little preceding symptoms. Abnormal lipid metabolism is closely related to the pathogenesis of AD. However, comprehensive lipid alterations related to AD pathogenesis remain unclear. Moreover, there is an urgent need for new or better biomarkers for improved risk assessment and surveillance of AD. Therefore, an untargeted lipidomic approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry was employed to unveil plasma lipidomic alterations and potential biomarkers for AD patients in this study. We found that 278 of 439 identified lipid species were significantly altered in AD patients (n = 35) compared to normal controls (n = 32). Notably, most lipid species, including fatty acids, acylcarnitines, cholesteryl ester, ceramides, hexosylceramides, sphingomyelins, lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, diacylglycerols, and triacylglycerols with total acyl chain carbon number ≥54 and/or total double bond number ≥4 were decreased, whereas phosphatidylethanolamines and triacylglycerols with total double bond number <4 accumulated in AD patients. Besides, the length and unsaturation of acyl chains in triacylglycerols and unsaturation of 1-acyl chain in phosphatidylethanolamines were decreased in AD patients. Moreover, lysophosphatidylcholines were the lipids with the largest alterations, at the center of correlation networks of lipid alterations, and had excellent performances in identifying AD patients. The area under the curve of 1.0 and accuracy rate of 100% could be easily obtained by lysophosphatidylcholine (20:0/0:0) or its combination with lysophosphatidylcholine (17:0/0:0) or lysophosphatidylcholine (20:1/0:0). This study provides novel and comprehensive plasma lipidomic signatures of AD patients, identifies lysophosphatidylcholines as excellent potential biomarkers, and would be beneficial to the pathogenetic study, risk assessment and timely diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Case Report: Acute Fulminant Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock After Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Requiring Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Lim Yongwhan , Kim Min Chul , Kim Kye Hun , Jeong In-Seok , Cho Yong Soo , Choi Yoo Duk , Lee Jong Eun
Published: October 2021

Recently, myocarditis following messenger RNA (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has become an important social issue worldwide. According to the reports so far, myocarditis related to mRNA COVID-19 vaccination is rare and usually associated with a benign clinical course without intensive care or any sequelae of fulminant myocarditis. Here, we report a case of acute fulminant myocarditis and cardiogenic shock after the mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, requiring extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Clinicians should keep in mind the possibility of progression to fulminant myocarditis in patients who presented with suggestive symptoms or signs of myocarditis after the COVID-19 vaccination.
Anthropogenic Inputs of Terrestrial Organic Matter Influence Carbon Loading and Methanogenesis in Coastal Baltic Sea Sediments
Authors: Jilbert Tom , Cowie Greg , Lintumäki Luukas , Jokinen Sami , Asmala Eero , Sun Xiaole , Mörth Carl-Magnus , Norkko Alf , Humborg Christoph
Published: October 2021

Coastal regions globally have experienced widespread anthropogenic eutrophication in recent decades. Loading of autochthonous carbon to coastal sediments enhances the demand for electron acceptors for microbial remineralization, often leading to rearrangement of the sediment diagenetic zonation and potentially enhancing fluxes of methane and hydrogen sulfide from the seafloor. However, the role of anthropogenic inputs of terrestrial organic matter (OMterr.) in modulating diagenesis in coastal sediments is often overlooked, despite being of potential importance in regions of land-use and industrial change. Here we present a dated 4-m sediment and porewater geochemistry record from a eutrophic coastal location in the northern Baltic Sea, to investigate sources of recent carbon loading and their impact on modern diagenetic processes. Based on an end-member mixing model of sediment N/C ratios, we observe that a significant fraction of the late-20th century carbon loading at this location was contributed by OMterr.. Furthermore, analysis of lignin in this material shows depleted ratios of syringyl/vanillyl (S/V) and cinnamyl/vanillyl (C/V) phenols, indicative of enhanced inputs of woody gymnosperm tissue likely from forest industries. The rapid loading of organic matter from combined terrestrial and autochthonous sources during the late 20th century has stimulated methanogenesis in the sediment column, and shoaled the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) to a depth of 5–20 cm. Optical parameters of colored dissolved organic matter confirm that OMterr. is actively degrading in the methanogenic layer, implying a role for this material in diagenetic processes. Porewater CH4, SO42− δ13C-DIC, and ∑S2− data suggest that the modern SMTZ is a broad zone in which organoclastic sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) co-occur. However, fluxes of CH4 and SO42− show that rates of these processes are similar to other marine locations with a comparably shallow SMTZ. We suggest that the shallow depth of the modern SMTZ is the principal reason for high observed diffusive and ebullitive methane fluxes from sediments in this area. Our results highlight that anthropogenic activities lead to multiple pathways of carbon loading to coastal sediments, and that forest industry impacts on sedimentation in the northern Baltic Sea may be more widespread than previously acknowledged.
Evaluation of the Ability of CMIP6 Global Climate Models to Simulate Precipitation in the Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Jianyun , Shu Zhangkang , Wang Yan , Bao Zhenxin , Liu Cuishan , Zhou Xiong , Wang Guoqing
Published: October 2021

Choosing an appropriate GCM (Global Climate Model, GCM) is of great significance for the simulation of the hydrological cycle over a basin under future climate scenarios. In this study, the Rank Score Method (RS) with eight indicators were applied to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of 19 GCMs issued in the Sixth Global Atmosphere and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to the Yellow River Basin (YRB). The results indicated that: 1) The GCMs perform differently in simulating precipitation over the YRB with the top six GCMs ranking from MRI-ESM2-0, ACCESS-CM2, CNRM-CM6-1, CNRM-ESM2-1, FGOALS-f3-L, to MPI-ESM1-2-HR. 2) Most GCMs overestimated the precipitation, and poorly simulated the phase distribution of extremes mainly due to overstimulation of wet season span and precipitation amount in the season, although all GCMs could capture decadal feature of annual precipitation. Meanwhile, it is also found that most GCMs underestimated summer precipitation and overestimated spring precipitation. 3) The GCMs well simulated the spatial distribution of annual precipitation, with an overestimation in the source area, and an underestimation in the northern part of the middle reaches of YRB.
A Basic Right Denied: The Interplay Between Various Factors Contributing to School Dropouts in Pakistan
Authors: Abid Saadia , Ali Syed Murad , Ali Inayat
Published: October 2021

Enshrined in different conventions nationally and internationally, education is a fundamental right of every child irrespective of identity and location worldwide. Despite the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1948 and the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, education is not accessible and affordable for every child globally due to several entwined factors. Focusing on Pakistan’s Sindh Province, this article identifies the numerous factors that lead to school dropouts and illustrates their interconnectedness. Employing Sen’s Capabilities Approach, we show a relation between freedom and function, whereby a capability can only be a function if there is an opportunity. We conclude and suggest that since the basic right of education is denied in Pakistan owing to sociocultural, economic, and political factors, there is a need to make necessary efforts at the parental as well as national policy level to address it. We also ask for ethnographically rich studies that should comparatively and thoroughly bring this dropout problem to the center stage for generating a comprehensive understanding so that this basic right is given to every child of this country.