bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Diverticulitis
Authors: Weidner Tiffany K , Kidwell John T , Etzioni David A
Published: January 2021

Diverticulitis is the cause of 300,000 inpatient admissions in the United States each year. Surgical evaluation and treatment are commonly required for the treatment of diverticulitis. This chapter discusses the diagnosis, triage, and treatment of acute diverticulitis. Medical treatment, as well as the indications for surgical treatment for diverticulitis, is discussed. Current controversies, including the need for antibiotics for a patient with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, necessity of colonoscopy after resolution of an acute episode, and indications for urgent surgery, are reviewed.
 This review contains 10 figures, 3 tables, and 67 references.
keywords: acute diverticulitis, colonic fistula, complicated diverticulitis, diverticular abscess, diverticular disease, diverticulitis, diverticulosis, perforated diverticulitis, uncomplicated diverticulitis
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Martin Ryan , Zimmermann Lara , Kim Kee D. , Zwienenberg Marike , Shahlaie Kiarash
Published: January 2021

Traumatic brain injury remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Patients with severe traumatic brain injury are best treated with a multidisciplinary, evidence-based, protocol-directed approach, which has been shown to decrease mortality and improve functional outcomes. Therapy is directed at the prevention of secondary brain injury through optimizing cerebral blood flow and the delivery of metabolic fuel (ie, oxygen and glucose). This is accomplished through the measurement and treatment of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), the strict avoidance of hypotension and hypoxemia, and in some instances, surgical management. The treatment of elevated ICP is approached in a protocolized, tiered manner, with escalation of care occurring in the setting of refractory intracranial hypertension, culminating in either decompressive surgery or barbiturate coma. With such an approach, the rates of mortality secondary to traumatic brain injury are declining despite an increasing incidence of traumatic brain injury.

This review contains 3 figures, 5 tables and 69 reference
Key Words: blast traumatic brain injury, brain oxygenation, cerebral perfusion pressure, decompressive craniectomy, hyperosmolar therapy, intracranial pressure, neurocritical care, penetrating traumatic brain injury, severe traumatic brain injury
Rectal Prolapse: Perineal Procedures
Authors: Wexner Steven D. , Cera Susan M. , Valinluck Lao Victoria
Published: January 2021

Rectal prolapse is a condition wherein a full thickness intussusception of the rectal wall protrudes out of the anus. The diagnosis is rare, ~ 0.5% of the population, and occurs most often in elderly females. The diagnosis is associated with constipation, fecal incontinence, or both. The repair of rectal prolapse can be divided into perineal and abdominal procedures. In this review, we will discuss preoperative evaluation, management and planning as well as describe key widely accepted perineal procedures, the Delorme and Altemeier, and report recent advances. Abdominal procedure and advances in that arena will be discussed in a separate review.
This review contains 9 figures, 7 tables, and 32 references. 
Key words: Rectal prolapse, perineal procedure, resection, Altemeier, Delorme, Thiersch wire, perineal stapled resection, levatoroplasty
Thyroidectomy: Technique, Tips, and Troubleshooting
Authors: Kuo Lindsay EY , Nehs Matthew A.
Published: January 2021

Historically, thyroidectomy was associated with a high mortality rate, now understood to likely be secondary to postoperative hypocalcemia. In the modern age, perioperative morbidity and mortality rates are extremely low, although some complications, such as recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, can have significant consequences. Understanding the safe approach to total thyroidectomy and thyroid lobectomy is key to minimizing operative morbidity. In particular, the capsular dissection technique facilitates identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands. The postoperative care of the patient, including diagnosis and management of the more common complications such as hematoma or hypocalcemia, is crucial to optimize patient outcomes. Although novel thyroidectomy techniques have been developed to avoid or minimize the traditional neck incision, these approaches have not become widely used.

This review contains 9 figures, 1 table, and 29 references.
 Key Words: capsular dissection, external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, intraoperative nerve monitoring, minimally invasive thyroidectomy, postoperative hematoma, postoperative hoarseness, postoperative hypocalcemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve, remote access thyroidectomy
New Techniques in Hemorrhage Control
Authors: Brenner Megan , DuBose Joseph
Published: January 2021

The use of interventional procedures in trauma has increased steadily over the past 10 years. With advancements in both imaging and device technology, endovascular techniques have become part of the treatment algorithm for both large and small vessel injury. Endovascular therapy in trauma involves a minimally invasive, catheter-based approach, which can be used as a temporizing measure in patients in extremis or as definitive therapy in a wide variety of diagnoses. Sheaths, catheters, and guide wires are universal instruments, regardless of procedure. Devices passed over guide wires form the basis of diagnosis and treatment. Using this technology provides many advantages to traditional open surgical therapy, namely the avoidance of large and potentially morbid incisions. Angioembolization, stent grafting, and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) are being used with increasing frequency in trauma centers, with established algorithms, multiinstitutional trials, and more published data available, particularly for solid-organ and pelvic hemorrhage.
Key words: angiography, embolization, hemorrhage, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, stent graft
NEW METHODOLOGICAL THEORETIC APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF SPORT ACTIVITY
Authors: Bogdanova Marina
Published: January 2021

Based on the views of representatives of domestic and Western philosophical thought (M. Merleau-Ponty, P. Bourdieu, N.A. Bernstein, E. Knyazeva), the author offers a nontraditional approach to the study of essence and nature of sports activity. The productive analysis of sports activity requires such technics of intellectual procedures, which allow to consider sports activity not only as a physical sphere but also as a mental one, including cognitive, mental, psychomotor and emotional aspects.
CORRELATION BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES AND AGILITY RESULTS IN CHILDREN WITH KYPHOTIC POSTURE
Authors: Stanojević Igor
Published: January 2021

The aim of research was to determine statistically significant canonical relations between functional abilities and achieved agility results in children with kyphotic posture. The realization of such task would create possibility to come up with a more rational procedure for optimal planning, programming and control of the process of teaching corrective gymnastics. The research was conducted on a sample of 46 students of primary schools in Niš, all male, aged 12 (± 6 months), included in regular classes of PE and exercises in order to correct kyphosis three times a week for 45 minutes at Niš Health Center. The results of canonical relations with the results of the functional abilities of children with agility kyphotic posture were statistically processed in a way to provide answers to the research goal. We used the program “Statistica” 8.0 for Windows to calculate the descriptive statistical parameters and canonical correlation analysis. The results showed that there are statistically significant relations and influences between a set of variables for assessing functional ability, as a predictor system, and agility, as a criterion variable.
THE USE OF TEACHING AIDS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR STUDENTS’ MUSIC EDUCATION
Authors: M. Đurđanović Miomira
Published: January 2021

In an effort to ensure a high level of implementation and increase the efficiency of the use of teaching aids in music education, a research was conducted in the academic 2014/2015 with an aim to test whether the educational level of teachers, the number of years of their experience at work, and the particular school in which the teachers are employed influence their selection of teaching aids used in the course in music education. The aim of the study was to determine whether the selection and use of teaching aids influences the quality of teaching the course in music education. The attitudes of participants were studied by means of a questionnaire specifically designed for the present research. The total sample comprised 113 primary school class teachers. The study so conducted has determined the current situation in the teaching practice, any significant differences emerging from the connection between the use of teaching aids in the course in music education and a number of general variables, including any prior elementary musical education of the teachers themselves.
PROBLEMATIKA PLURALISME AGAMA ANTARA TEOLOGI DAN FILSAFAT: MEMBACA KRITIK MARIANNE MOYAERT ATAS JOHN HICK
Authors: Maulana Abdullah Muslich Rizal
Published: January 2021

Religious pluralism as an effort to bridge harmony among adherents of religions initiates both theological and philosophical problems. For example, religious pluralism is not only seen as a further effort to build interreligious relationships but also it is built on Truth Relativism. The religious pluralism concept also encourages Marianne Moyaert to investigate religious pluralism more deeply, especially referring to the concept of 'Global Theology' which is conceptualized by John Hick. This paper analyzed a number of theologians' annoyance with Global Theology such as: Hick as a 'Problematic Theologian', demythologizing of Jesus, and most importantly, the blurred relationship between Theology and Philosophy. Following Marianne's Argument, it was believed that the relationship among religions should be built on clear boundaries between Theology and Philosophy, where the boundaries were destroyed by Global Theology. Instead of fading the boundaries between the two, the relationship among religions should be carried out based on a religious understanding based on commitment.
PRAKTIK FIKIH KESEHARIAN MINORITAS MUSLIM DI BALI
Authors: Rahman Fathor
Published: January 2021

This paper explored a daily fiqh practice or, more precisely, the practice of Islam among Muslim minorities in Bali, which is transformed into an adaptable form of religious diversity promoting harmony. In the midst of the strong domination of Hindu custom and the acts of violence by few Muslims in Indonesia, the Balinese Muslim community strived to manifest Islamic teachings (fiqh) in daily life having tolerant and moderate. Through two problems such as; how is the religious adaptation pattern of minority Muslim communities in Bali? How do Muslim communities establish inter-religious harmony as a manifestation of their daily fiqh? This study attempted  to analyze it based on maqashid sharia theory. As for supporting data collection, this paper used field research using interviews and observations.The finding  indicated that there were interesting patterns of religious social relations occurred in the daily practice of Muslim minorities in expressing their Islamic teachings in the public area. Muslims in Bali are able to appraise their religious teachings and adapt with the surrounding community, which was socio-anthropologically dominated by the Hindu belief system.
Welas Asih: Konsep Compassion dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Jawa
Authors: Oktawirawan Dwi Hardani , Yunanto Taufik Akbar Rizqi
Published: January 2021

Welas asih is a Javanese behavior where one feels the pain of others which then arouse the desire to help. In its application, one can provide help to others even for those who are not relatives. This is inseparable from the various philosophies that exist in Javanese society that make welas asih as a way of life. This paper is made to review the concept of welas asih of the Javanese community which is then juxtaposed with the concept of psychology. The concept of psychology in question is compassion which also refers to the ability of someone to feel the suffering of others and the urge to alleviate or eliminate the suffering. So that an explanation of welas asih of the Javanese people will be revealed in a psychological perspective.
Pelestarian Tradisi Buka Luwur: Studi Budaya di Makam Sunan Kudus Jawa Tengah
Authors: Rosyid Moh
Published: January 2021

This article describes and to prediction sustainability the tradition of buka luwur which is a cloth that protects the tomb of Sunan Kudus in Kauman Village, Kota District, Kudus every month Muharam/Sura. This research data were obtained by interview, participatory observation, and literature review. Data collection was analyzed using a historical approach. The tradition of open flexible has a characteristic that is the distribution of Asura porridge, nasi jangkrik, Islamic art attractions that are displayed to the public, and the replacement of old luwur with the new one. The ornaments of the luwur include jasmine, unthuk banyu, kompol, and pleats. By the committee, the old luwur was cut into pieces and distributed to residents of Kauman village and guests who attended Buka Luwur. This tradition is still preserved by the al-Aqsa Kudus Mosque caretaker and people of Kauman Village and the citizens of Kudus and surrounding areas to honor the traces of the history of islamization which was played by Sunan Kudus in the Kudus region during the times of unity.
Budaya Srawung sebagai Potret Toleransi Beragama dan Bersuku untuk Meredam Konflik di Kota Semarang
Authors: Setiawan Stefanus Wawan , Sibarani Rispritosia
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to describe and analyze the ideological / cultural hegemony problems that occur in Semarang. The tolerance behavior in Semarang is considered to be experiencing degradation. Nowadays problems and conflicts always arise related to tolerance. With the existence of mutually offensive cases, especially those that often occur in religious and multiethnic life. Then latent conflict in Semarang City needs to be handled seriously. One of the treatments is to develop local wisdom of Javanese culture; srawung. 'Srawung' is a Javanese term that means gathering or meeting conducted by more than one person or group, with togetherness and not concerned with different religious groups, then the relationship in building harmony and togetherness will be maintained in people's lives. This paper uses a qualitative research method with a qualitative descriptive approach. This research was examined using Public Space theory from Jurgen Habermas. The expectation of this research through Srawung culture is to become a bridge of harmony, bonding brotherhood, can reduce conflicts between religious communities, and can be used as a reference solution for the problems of horizontal conflict that often occur in this country.
Agama dan Budaya Ekonomi Kewirausahaan di Credit Union Bahtera Abadi Kabupaten Sragen
Authors: Anggonosamekto Gunawan
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the religion and culture of entrepreneurship economics as a tool for public welfare. Socio-economic prosperity is always interwoven in the history of religious human life. This study uses qualitative research methods with descriptive analysis to see religion as part of economic culture to fight for entrepreneurial welfare as a joint empowerment movement for social welfare. But religion and economics need the skills to make it happen, so that not only talk about individual interests (self economic), but for living together (social economy). Religion in this case Christianity (the church) becomes the locus of economic empowerment through the Credit Union (CU) to realize prosperity in a community. The behavior of economic growth is indeed strongly influenced by the values that develop in a particular community. Considering that economic development cannot be separated from the cultural process itself. The practice of CU at CU Bahtera Abadi has provided a change in economic cultural behavior through awareness education and skills for members to develop their skills in managing themselves and themselves with other individuals. On the other hand, it contributes to the culture of organization and entrepreneurship. The values of education and empowerment are very important to continue to be developed to form a new habitus for future generations.
Pembelajaran Mandiri Seni Tari Melalui Konten Youtube sebagai Inovasi Pembelajaran Masa Kini
Authors: Pangestika Fahmida Yuga , Yanuartuti Setyo
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to analyze the response of connoisseurs through independent learning through Ombyak Trimurti Dance through Youtube content that serves to hone dance skills and get to know other regional arts. Ombyak Trimurti dance uploaded by the channel of the Department of Tourism and Culture of East Java Province ‘Culture and Art’ is a creative dance originating from Ponorogo Regency, with its proud achievements, the dance received a positive response from elementary school to high school students. This makes researchers who are also the stylists of the Ombyak Trimurti dance very important to appreciate the responses of appreciators or students. Youtube content as an 'Learning Resource for Art' by presenting dance videos can do independent learning with mimicking or observing techniques. This study uses a qualitative approach and is supported by data in the form of dance videos that emphasize independent learning outcomes through imitation techniques. The conclusion of this study is the independent learning of dance through YouTube content which is the response of the community as connoisseurs of dance art from various circles provides inspiration that learning can be done anywhere with any learning resources and the presence of Youtube content is able to provide new insights and knowledge that is to know the special arts from other regions.
Strategi Pemerintah Indonesia untuk Mempertahankan Kedaulatan di Wilayah Kepulauan Natuna Tahun 2009-2017
Authors: Pandapotan Indra , Subhilhar Subhilhar , Kusmanto Heri
Published: January 2021

As a country whose waters are wider than the land, Indonesia must deal with threats that occur in Indonesian waters. In 2009, the Indonesian EEZ in the Natuna Islands was unilaterally claimed by the Chinese government on a map containing nine imaginary lines. The focus of this research is the analysis of threats that occur in the Natuna Islands and the Indonesian government's strategies in maintaining the sovereignty of the Natuna Islands. This type of research is descriptive-analytical, that trying to describe various situations, conditions that exist in society that are the object of research. In this study also uses theories and concepts that can be used as a guide in conducting research. These theories are Morgenthau's National Interest Theory, Soft Power Theory put forward by Nye, and the Concept of Defense and Security. The results of this study are that in maintaining the sovereignty of the Natuna Islands, the Indonesian government applies two strategies, namely diplomatic and defense strategies. Among these two strategies, a strategy that is quite successful in maintaining the sovereignty of the Natuna Islands is a defense strategy.
Perawatan Diri Sebagai Habitus Mahasiswa Laki-Laki Di Next Premium Barbershop Medan
Authors: Baiduri Ratih , Khoiriah Wardah
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the background or reasons why male students care about a treatment, what types of self-care they do, and how the impact they feel after doing self-care. This study discusses a habitus or men's habits in caring for themselves so that the theoretical review used in this study is the Habitus theory of Pierre Bourdiue. This type of research is qualitative research that is collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, literature study, and documentation. The location of this research was conducted at Next Premium Barbershop Medan by taking 5 informants, namely students who were maintenance customers at the barbershop. The results of this study are the background of male students doing self-care to form a self-image such as wanting to look cooler, fashionable, attractive, neat and clean, then because they enjoy the fun with the comfort provided by barbershop, another reason is due to environmental factors such as friends and campus environment, the types of self-care they do are hair care and facial care, there are several impacts they feel after doing self-care, the positive impact is that male students become more confident and often get praise from the surrounding environment while the negative impact self-care is a matter of care costs and they consciously admit that this habit or habit of caring for themselves causes a consumerist effect that makes them dependent on self-care.
Modalitas RA. Anita Noeringhati pada Pemilihan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan 2019
Authors: Maharani Rizki , Rahmatunnisa Mudiyati , Agustino Leo
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out, understand, and analyze the modalities that were RA. Anita Noeringhati's victory factor as a member of the Regional House of Representative of South Sumatra Province 2019. The method used is a qualitative research method with interviews and documentation data collection techniques. Based on the data obtained, the modalities that support RA. Anita Noeringhati's victory are, first, economic capital in the form of assets, and donations from the party. Second, social capital consists of social interaction with political elites, organizations and society, and forms of community trust. Third, cultural capital in the form of RA. Anita Noeringhati's ability to deal with the public. Fourth, symbolic capital in the form of political experience, and awards obtained by RA. Anita Noeringhati. The capital that plays the most role in RA. Anita Noeringhati's victory is the social capital that she has built for a long time.
Strategi Adaptasi Mahasiswa Asing UNS dalam Upaya Mengatasi Gegar Budaya di Solo
Authors: Yurianti Meysty , Pranawa Sigit , Yuhastina Yuhastina
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine UNS foreign students adaptation strategies when overcoming cultural shock. The research method is qualitative with a descriptive approach, iIn determining the informant used purposive sampling technique. Sources of data used here are primary source and secondary source. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Source triangulation and method triangulation were used to get a valid data. Data were analyzed using the intercultural adaptation theory by Yong Yun Kim, to look for adaptation strategies undertaken by foreign students in facing culture shock. The findings of the data show that foreign students experience the phenomenon of culture shock and go through several phases including planning, honeymoon, frustration, readjustment and resolution. Foreign students found several obstacles as their survival challenges including communication, type of food, religious life, use of language, stereotypes, customs, weather and climate, facilities and services, and education system. The conclusion of this research is there are five adaptation strategies undertaken by foreign students namely; personal communication, host social communication, ethnic social communication, environment and predisposition.
ETNOMEDISIN SEBAGAI SOLUSI ALTERNATIF PADA PERMASALAHAN EKONOMI DAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA BAGAN KECAMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN, KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG
Authors: Puspitawati Puspitawati , Ekomila Sulian , Hasanah Noviy
Published: January 2021

Indonesia is a multi-ethnic country consisting of hundreds of tribes and cultures who are faced with various problems including health issues. Health and disease are major problems facing the people of Indonesia since prehistoric times. Similarly, the city of Medan percut sei districts are faced with a host of health and disease. At the community in addressing pain and its treatment often make use of modern medical services when their economic conditions are not sufficient. While they can actually use the land in the yard to grow nutritious crops for the first treatment. Indonesia is also rich in ethnic groups that reached more than 370 ethnic and traditional knowledge which is the nation's cultural heritage in the use of herbs for health maintenance and treatment of hereditary diseases. In the study of anthropology known as ethnomedicine treatment. It is very interesting when examined from the standpoint of anthropology, especially about the treatment ethnomedicine.
KURIKULUM 2013 YANG BERKARAKTER
Authors: Rumapea Murni Eva
Published: January 2021

Dewasa ini perubahan kurikulum sangat mengutamakan pembentukan karakter, mengingat pada kenyataan menurunnya kwalitas hidup masyarakat baik dari segi moral, mental, terutama generasi muda. Untuk itu saat ini kurikulum pendidikam yang berkarakter diorientasikan untuk pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Perubahan kurikulum merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kurikulum itu sendiri (inherent), bahwa kurikulum yang berlaku harus dilakukan peningkatan dengan mengutamakan kebutuhan peserta didik. Guru sebagai ujung tombak dalam implementasi kurikulum dituntut menjadi guru yang mampu meramu kurikulum 2013 secara tepat yaitu proses penilaian dan kompetensi mampu meningkatkan kompetensi siswa untuk menghasilkan lulusan mampu menghadapi tantangan global. Guru harus menyadari bahwa pendidikan sangat penting untuk menjawab tantangan global, dan siswa harus bertanggungjawab dalam menuntut ilmu untuk membentuk pendidikan karakter yang menjadi tujuan kurikulum 2013. Kurikulum 2013 membentuk siswa melakukan pengamatan/observasi, bertanya dan bernalar terhadap ilmu yang diajarkan. Siswa diberi mata pelajaran berdasarkan tema yang terintegrasi agar memiliki pengetahuan untuk tentang lingkungan, kehidupan, dan memiliki pondasi pribadi tangguh  dalam kehidupan sosial serta kreativitas yang lebih baik. Pendidikan karakter mengatur tata kelakuan manusia pada aturan khusus, hukum, norma, adat kebiasaan dalam bidang kehidupan sosial manusia yang memiliki pengaruh sangat kuat pada sikap mental (mental attitude) manusia secara individu dalam  aktivitas hidup. Sikap mental sebagai unsur penggerak untuk kelakuan manusia, memberikan reaksi terhadap lingkungan alam, dan sosial. Perilaku manusia dapat dipengaruhi langsung oleh alam pikiran/jiwa manusia dalam menghadapi lingkungan.  Mentalitas manusia merupakan suatu nilai karakter yang berkembangkan dalam diri manusia secara perorangan dan dipedomani oleh struktur nilai yang mengakar dan melembaga dalam masyarakat. Misalnya satuan pendidikan, dalam satuan pendidikan terbentuk sistem nilai sebagai pedoman perilaku seluruh komunitas satuan pendidikan yang merupakan orientasi nilai (value orientation) komunitas satuan pendidikan dalam kehidupan satuan pendidikan dan diluar satuan pendidikan
PENDIDIKAN GEOGRAFI BERBASIS KARAKTER SEBAGAI WAHANA PEMBELAJARAN KEPENDUDUKAN
Authors: Sidauruk Tumiar
Published: January 2021

Pendidikan geografi berbasis karakter merupakan disain pembelajaran yang menyajikan konten dengan berorientasi tidak semata pada ranah pengetahuan dan keterampilan tetapi juga berorientasi pada ranah sikap. Disain pembelajaran ini dipandang efektif untuk dijadikan sebagai wahana pembelajaran kependudukan. Melalui pendekatan kontekstual, pembelajaran geografi dirancang dengan mengangkat tema-tema kependudukan sebagai tema kontekstual. Peserta didik belajar dengan pengalaman untuk mengamati, menalar, mencoba dan menyajikan alternatif pemecahan masalah-masalah kependudukan yang ada di sekitar lingkungannya. Habituasi pembelajaran seperti ini, sebagai upaya penumbuhan karakter peserta didik yang peduli dan bertanggung jawab terhadap kelangsungan kehidupan manusia di planet bumi dan belajar untuk hidup secara harmoni dengan lingkungannya.
KUALITAS MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM) (STUDI KASUS PADA DISTRIBUTION STORE (DISTRO) DI KOTA MEDAN)
Authors: Hasyim Diana
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan dan menjelaskan keadaan manajemen Dkeuangan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) Distribution Store (Distro) berdasarkan teori manajemen keuangan khususnya dalam hal pengaturan keuangan dan fungsi manajemen keuangan. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan metode area sampling. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari kuisioner terstruktur dan kuisioner terbuka yang dibagikan kepada pelaku usaha distro. Pada kuisioner terstruktur jumlah responden adalah 55 distro dan pada kuisioner terbuka jumlah responden sebanyak 25 distro.  Metode yang digunakan dalam pengolahan data adalah metode statistik deskriptif untuk menjelaskan mean, range, minimum, maximum dan sebagainya. Dari hasil statistik diperoleh sebesar 52% distro memiliki pemasukan lain selain usaha distro. Kemudian 51% pengusaha distro telah memaksimalkan menggunakan dana untuk keperluan perusahaan. Dari segi pembiayaan, sebesar 64% distro menggunakan hutang. Dari segi tabungan, sebesar 78% distro memiliki tabungan di bank. Akan tetapi, sebesar 55% distro yang memisahkan tabungan pribadi dengan tabungan perusahaan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebesar 92,73% distro telah memiliki predikat pengaturan keuangan yang baik. Dari segi keuntungan, distro memiliki keuntungan atau laba bersih rata-rata 5% dari total investasinya setiap bulan. Dari segi DER (Debt Equty Ratio), rata-rata distro memiliki rasio DER 0,8:1.  WCTA (working capital to total asset) atau aktiva lancar yang dimiliki distro rata-rata sebesar 33,98% dari total asset yang dimiliki.
Penerapan Metode Active debate dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Zulyetti Zulyetti
Published: January 2021

This research aims at understanding factual depiction regarding implementation of learning method of active debate in improving speaking skills on the subject of Bahasa Indonesia at the sixth grade of Primary School 2 of Klieng, Aceh Besar Regency in 2012/ 2013 School Year. The research uses two cycles of the action research which are each cycle consists of four stages such as : planning, acting and observing, reflecting and revising. The object of the research is the 30 pupils of sixth grade of Primary School 2 of Kling, Aceh Besar Regency, Province of Aceh. The data collected here are test result, observation sheet of learning processes. In the first cycle the achieved average score was 6.57, as in the second cycle the average score climed to 7.57, and experienced an increasing again in third cycle on 8.33 score. Except the average score, the students activity also experienced elevating quality such as asking question at first cycle agregates 16.67 percent, then 10 percent at the second cycle, and 25 percent at the third cycle. Whereas responsing of clasmates askings, at the fist cycle agregates 21.67 percent, then 13.34 percent at the second cycle, and 18.43 at the third cycle. Furthemore aspect of paying attention on teacher explanation at the first cycle agregates 71.67 percent, then 85 percent at the second cycle, and finally 96.67 percent at the third cycle. While, aspect of discussion at the first cycle agregates 81.67 percent, then 86.67 percent at the second cycle, and 100 percent at the third cycle.
Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Dan Minat Belajar Siswa Melalui Penggunaan Metode Quantum Teaching Dan Tutor Sebaya
Authors: Widodo Rahayu Sehat
Published: January 2021

The research was motivated by the implementation of face-to-face tutorial in UPBJJ-UT Medan that is still considered to have several problems, such as the declining of student attendance rates in several study groups (pokjar). This study aimed to: (1) describe the implementation of face-to-face tutorial (TTM) and the criteria of the tutorial systems in UPBJJ-UT Medan, (2) analyze the factors that determine the quality of tutorial, and (3)identified factors that impede the quality of tutorial. The researchis descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data were  collected through interviews and distributing questionnaires to 75 respondens who were randomly assigned; and analyzed by qualitative descriptive. The results showed that : (1) TTM held in UPBJJ-UT Medan through the stages of the recruitment of tutors, tutor training, delivery of instructional materials timely, and tutorial monitoring. While the geographical factors used as criteria for the establishment of tutorial areas with the system model block, semi-block and regular. (2) supporting factors of tutorial quality: (a) tutors, (b) instructional materials, (c)students, (d) tutorial location, and (e) the examination system; and (3) inhibiting factors include: (a) distance, (b) age, (c) time, (d) economic and (e) cultural-religion.
Upaya Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar Siswa dalam Sistem Hukum Peradilan Internasional
Authors: Ariani Herlina
Published: January 2021

The subject of this research is 42 persons of students at class of Social Science-3 grade XI of SMA 12 of Medan in the 2012/2013 school year. This research purposes to elevate learning result by using method of inquiry on the subject of Civic Education in the class of Social Science-3 grade XI of SMA 12 of Medan in the 2012/2013 school year. Learning method which used is inquiry method. The collecting data instrument are observation, interview, essay test, and multiple choice test at the last cylcle of every treatment to the class have done. This research consists of two cycles which are the first and second cycle consists of problems, phase of planning, implementing, observing, data analysing, and reflecting phase. The result of research represents that using the inquiry method on the subject of Civic Education can be increase students’ learning results. It obvious by seeing average of first test score of 52.02 with 11.09 percent completing of learning. However after implementing the first treatment by inquiry method, achievement of average score elevated on 63.80 with 45.24 percent completing of learning. Then at the second cylce, achievement of average score elevated on 75.12 with 92.85 percent completing of learning.  Therefore can be concluded that by using inquiry method on the subject of Civic Education could be increase learning result of students at SMA 12 of Medan.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Tanaman Jagung di Desa Saentis, Percut Sei Tuan
Authors: Elfayetti Elfayetti , Herdi Herdi
Published: January 2021

This research aims to indentify the potency and suitability of land for cropping corn, and considering suitability of given input with limiting factors. The research have taken place since May to October 2006 in Saentis Village, District of Percut Sei Tuan. It focus on three types of land such as Alluvial, Regosol, and Organosol which are placed on 4 metres above sea level. By using method of des-criptive survey and sampling of the three land types, resulting that there is a tight significant relation between characteristic of land and production of corn. On the type of S3 m Alluvial with 33 of land index, including marginal suitable with middle level of limiting factors, at KTK, N total and P is available. Through giving urea and TSP, and adding organic materials, there was a shifting of class to S2 m which is marginal suitable with middle limiting. On the Regosol type of land, class of suitability of land categorized S3 m and 34 index of land, categorized marginal suitable with middle level of limiting factors, N total, and P is available. With adding anor-ganinc and organic materials, there was elevating one class to suitability level became S2 m (suitable). On type of Organosol, suitabi-lity of land categorized S2 and 74 of land index, categorized suitable with one limiting factor of availability of P, but if adding anor-ganic material added, suitability of land can be increase to one level become S1 (most suitable).
Urgensi Pendidikan Karakter di Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Rumapea Murni Eva
Published: January 2021

The higher education bears great responsibility and obligation, especially to develop intelectual human resources who can be contribute to state and nation such as in the fields of politic, law, economy, education, health, religion, and others for elevating quality of life and wealth of society. However young generation today, performs lower quality in moral and character, so that the higher education must improve the students’ morality and character along with all of its ‘civitas academica’. Educating character in the higher education purposes to anticipate degradation of character, and also serve to forms the hardy character of students for facing toward the various of challanges. By educating character the students become nation’s young intelectual who have prime pesonality as the goals of national education. The implementation of educating charater in the higher education should be teach the accentuate on the cognitive matter, but also on the affective, conative, and skilled matter. The important thing which should be noticed that learning character must be applied on all of the subject matter, so that, all the lectures and college’s employees pay attention to our nation and state.
Studi Usaha-Usaha Petani dalam Peningkatan Produksi Kelapa Sawit di Desa Alur Manis
Authors: Pinem Kamarlin , Rachmat Budi
Published: January 2021

This research aims at understanding efforts conducted by farmers to increase palm oil production in their plant, on all of the stages such as selecting the seed, planting, nursing, and capital in production of planting palm oil in Alur Manis Village. The population of the research is all of palm oil farmers amount 50 households in which all of them became sample in collecting data.  The research uses questionaire and document analyzing as technique in collecting data, while technique of descriptive used in analyzing data. The research shows that selecting for getting prime seed could elevate production of palm oil, and the best time in planting palm oil is in the beginning of rainy season. Whereas nursing should be conducted intensively since during planting to non productive period for earlier production of palm oil. The fertilizing should be conducted in three steps, such following; first step during in period of early age of plant, second step during in grower age of plant, third step during in productive age of plant., with considering maintaining the balance of organic substance of soil. The last that capital in farming positively impact to number of production.
Peran Serta Pengawas Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan, Menyongsong Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean di Kota Lhokseumawe
Authors: Fauziah Fauziah
Published: January 2021

In 2015 we have entered in a free trade system in the Southeast Asian region which is called frequently as ASEAN Economic Society (MEA). We have known that MEA aims to increase the economic stability in the ASEAN region and forming a strong economic area  inter-ASEAN countries. By implementing MEA in the late of 2015, the member country of ASEAN will sell goods and services easily to the other countries throughout Southeast Asia so that this can effect to the very intensive competition. In this matter, the significant thing which should be done by the Indonesian government especially city government of Lhokseumawe in facing the MEA is by preparing the quality human resources to be compete in the regional and international level. For increasing the quality of human resources is through the educational instituion at least by increasing the role of school supervisor to oversee and control toward the educational process. Without supports of supervising of school, education will not work optimally because the school supervisors responsible in controlling and giving advices for educational achievements.
Perdagangan Orang (Trafficking) sebagai Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Munthe Riswan
Published: January 2021

Human trafficking is garbage of civilization which is hard to be fought. This sentence provide an invasion for all that human trafficking is a common enemy. Human trafficking is often done by agent who has national even international network, has power, strong physically and arrogance. Due to the victim of human trafficking is the group in the lower class of economy and education. Generally the victim of human trafficking is everyone without exception. Since Indonesian independence, it is considered as the initial step for enforcing human rights nationally to break free from violation of human rights and violence, either physical violence, sexual, or psychological violence. This writing will deal with on the human trafficking as form of human right violation.
Disparitas Pemidanaan Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan pada Perempuan
Authors: Mubarak Ridho
Published: January 2021

Kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan yang terindentifikasi di masyarakat merupakan fenomena gunung es, karena besaran kasus tersebut belum menggambarkan jumlah seluruh kasus yang sebenarnya yang terjadi di masyarakat dan hanya merupakan sebagian kecil kasus kekerasan yang dilaporkan. Pada kenyataannya, sangatlah sulit untuk mengukur secara tepat lauasnya kekerasan terhadap perempuan, karena itu berarti harus memasuki wilayah peka kehidupan perempuan, yang mana perempuan itu sendiri yang enggan/tidak mau mengatakannya. Sistem peradilan pidana yang berorientasi kepada pelaku tindak pidana menimbulkan ketimpangan dalam perlindungan hukum kepada korban kejahatan, yang mengakibatkan korban (terutama kejahatan kekerasan dan seksual) enggan memberikan laporan kepada aparat penegak hokum dan menjadi saksi dalam peristiwa yang dialaminya. Kondisi ini menjadi penghambat bagi kelancaran proses penegakan hukum pidana yang akhirnya mempengaruhi keberhasilan upaya penanggulangan kejahatan secara menyeluruh.
Gaudenz Freuler (with contributions by Georgi Parpulov), The McCarthy Collection, Volume I: Italian and Byzantine Miniatures
Authors: Herman Nicholas
Published: January 2021

Review of Gaudenz Freuler (with contributions by Georgi Parpulov), The McCarthy Collection, Volume I: Italian and Byzantine Miniatures, London: Ad Ilissvm 2018, 304 pp. ISBN 9781912168071 .
Kathryn M. Rudy, Image, Knife, and Gluepot: Early Assemblage in Manuscript and Print
Authors: Wijsman Hanno
Published: January 2021

Review of Kathryn M. Rudy, Image, Knife, and Gluepot: Early Assemblage in Manuscript and Print, Cambridge: Open Book Publishers 2019, 374 pp. ISBN 9781783745173 .
Index of Manuscripts
Authors: Editor
Published: January 2021

An index of all shelfmarks and accession numbers cited in reference to manuscript material in Fragmentology 3(2020).
Motion verb constructions, frames, and profiling
Authors: Herweg Michael
Published: January 2021

This paper offers a frame-semantic account of some of the manifold phenomena that can be observed in motion expressions in typologically diverse languages. The core of the proposed approach is a basic locomotion frame complemented with a mechanism of profiling that operates on this frame. The locomotion frame provides a rich structure which features the pivotal elements beneficial for the semantic representation of different types of motion descriptions. The profiling mechanism allows one to select, deselect and augment elements of this frame structure, as well as to specify significant relations between distinct parts of the frame. With these means, the profiling mechanism facilitates fine-grained differentiations among motion verbs that considerably exceed the classic dichotomy of path and manner-of-motion verbs. The proposed theory is applied to different kinds of path and manner-of-motion verbs, including those typically found in path-dominant and manner-dominant languages, as well as in languages which exhibit a pronounced diversity of motion verbs lined up in serial verb constructions. The suggested frame-semantic analyses thus reveal intricate differentiations in a multifaceted linguistic domain.
Analisis Kinerja Pelayanan Air Bersih PDAM Tirta Daroy Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Haiqal Haiqal , Azmeri Azmeri , Fatimah Eldina
Published: January 2021

Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) is a business entitiy owned by the Aceh government which has business scope in managing drinking water and managing fresh water facilities to improve the welfare of the city citizens.. PDAM Tirta Daroy is an agency that serves the drinking and fresh water distribution for Banda Aceh city, in the 2017 PDAM Tirta Daroy has achieved “Health” status woth value 3,11 which is ranked 130 out of 378 PDAM assessed throughout Indonesia. Even though PDAM Tirta Daroy has achieved health status there are still customers who complaint receiving distribution of fresh water with very disssapointing quality so that the analyses study of fresh water is needed for the PDAM Tirta Daroy in 2018. The problem in this study is how the performance of PDAM Tirta Daroy fresh water services in 2018. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of PDAM Tirta Daroy against the fresh water supply system in Banda aceh city and PDAM Tirta Daroy strategy in improving performance related to the current fresh water services. The research methodology initially began with the collecting the primary and secondary data, the interviews results are written descriptively in accordance with the activities that occur. After conducting primary and secondary data in 2018 data then processed using Balance Scorecard and SWOT analysis. The results of this study is to find out the value of PDAM performance based on the 4 aspects of Balanced Scorecard which are financial aspects, services, operational, and Human resources aspects, and the PDAM Tirta Daroy strategy in an effort to improve the problems of fresh water services in Banda Aceh city.
KAJIAN STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMAL (SPM) BIDANG JALAN DI KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA
Authors: Elfriadi Hendra , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Caisarina Irin
Published: January 2021

As one of the district that engage on the agriculture and plantation sector, Nagan Raya needs to be supported the facilities and infrastructure correspondingly, quality of transportation, and appropiate in MSS that mobility of goods and services can run smoothly. Anonymous (2015) had been defining of the planned local activity center ( LAC), regional activity center (RAC), Environment service center ( ESC), and classification of system network road. The purpose of this research are to evaluate the  practice MSS of road field in Nagan Raya, to specify MSS of road field based on connectivity indicator between region that accordance with SP in Nagan Raya, and also to evaluate fulfillment Minimum Service Standard of road field based on presentation indicator of road condition level in Nagan Raya. This reasearch conducted with collecting the datas that are Hamlet Neighbour book in Nagan Raya, condition data, and DFAA. The use of connectivity MSS on 2015 in Padang Rubek - Lueng Baro is 91,29 percent, Babussalam – Lueng Baro is 91, 78 percent, and Alue Bilie – Lueng Baro is 90,4 percent. The value of roadcondition by made the survey of road condition with visual method categorized at good (B), and medium (S) with each amount are 90,78 percent, and 9,22 percent. The value of road condition by made the survey of specific road condition categorized at good in the amount is 96, 51 percent, medium in the amount is 1,94 percent, and lightly damaged in the amount is 1,55 percent. The compliance of road field in Nagan Raya by made survey of specific road condition in the amount is 164,10 percent, meanwhile on the survey of road condition in visual method in the amount is 166,67 percent