bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Popularity Paradox in Venice, Italy: A Battle of Priorities
Authors: Choi Juwon , Jeon Hyeongjin , Asperin Amelia
Published: September 2024

Venice is facing significant challenges due to overtourism, with a high number of visitors straining local infrastructure and pushing residents out of their homes. To address this issue, local authorities are promoting longer-term visits to encourage tourists to adopt the local way of life. This case study aims to provide a detailed overview of the overtourism phenomenon in Venice and highlight the measures implemented to combat it. It emphasizes the global significance of Venice’s situation, illustrating the challenges faced by many tourist destinations worldwide. The study underscores the need for community-driven solutions to balance the economic benefits of tourism with the preservation of cultural and environmental heritage. Through exploring the issues, strategies, and lessons from Venice, other destinations can learn how to maintain their unique identities while meeting the demands of the tourism industry.
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging Framework in the Cultivation and Consumption of Kalanamak Rice: A Case Study
Authors: Sidharth Geeta , Agarwal Saaranya
Published: September 2024

This research article examines the dimensions of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging (DEIB) in the cultivation and consumption of Kalanamak rice (KNR), a heritage and indigenous agricultural product of India. It explores the historical and contemporary roles of KNR in promoting or hindering DEIB within its cultural and agricultural contexts. The research is a unique attempt to construct the DEIB framework in KNR by using secondary resources and qualitative personal interview data, applying the grounded theory approach. The study provides insights into a rarely studied heritage/indigenous crop in India concerning the DEIB framework in its cultivation and consumption. The case study of KNR indicates that the equity and integration of marginal communities in KNR fall short of the desired level. Nonetheless, there is an acknowledgment of the necessity for progress in establishing a DEIB framework. Challenges such as insufficient financial resources and expertise, stemming from a prevailing power and privilege imbalance, are a threat to DEIB in KNR and need to be addressed by policymakers for the benefit of stakeholders. The article also highlights some of the government interventions to improve the DEIB of the KNR farmers and communities.
Artificial Intelligence Readiness Among Jordanian Medical Students: Using Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale For Medical Students (MAIRS-MS)
Authors: Hamad Mohammad , Qtaishat Fares , Mhairat Enjood , AL-Qunbar Ahmad , Jaradat Maha , Mousa Abdullah , Faidi Baha'eddin , Alkhaldi Sireen
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI) application is increasingly used in all fields, especially, in medicine. However, for the successful incorporation of AI-driven tools into medicine, healthcare professional should be equipped with the necessary knowledge. From that, we aimed to assess the AI readiness among medical students in Jordan.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students across 6 Jordanian universities. Prevalidated Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale for Medical Students questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was distributed through social media groups of students. SPSS v.27 was used for analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 858 responses were collected. The mean AI readiness score was 64.2%. Students scored more in the ability domain with a mean of 22.57. We found that academic performance (Grade point average) positively associated with overall AI readiness ( P = .023), and prior exposure to AI through formal education or experience significantly enhances readiness ( P = .009). In contrast, AI readiness levels did not significantly vary across different medical schools in Jordan. Notably, most students (84%) did not receive a formal education about AI from their schools.

CONCLUSION

Incorporation of AI education in medical curricula is crucial to close knowledge gaps and ensure that students are prepared for the use of AI in their future career. Our findings highlight the importance of preparing students to engage with AI technologies, and to be equipped with the necessary knowledge about its aspect.
Swimming Against the Current Yet Staying Strong!—A Case of Boroline
Authors: Chandra Tarunija , Tripathi Vibhuti
Published: September 2024

A brand might achieve a lot of success throughout the course of its product life cycle, or it might lose its sheen over time. Brand revitalization is a remedy for providing a dying brand with a new lease on life. This case study presents the story of Boroline, a well-known creation from Gourmohan Dutta in 1950s, that had lost its relevance in the 1990s and made a comeback in 2000 onwards in one of the fastest growing markets in the world, that is, India. By comprehending how Boroline was able to reclaim prominence through time, the case presented an idea of brand revitalization from an Indian viewpoint. This case study discloses many open-ended questions related to root cause of real-world problems and wants students to explore potential solutions. By conducting a case study evaluation, students could develop the creative skills of thinking out of the box about selecting best solution for emerging challenges, decision making in complex situations, coping with ambiguities.
Determination of objective taste perception among Iranian medical sciences students during COVID‑19 pandemic in Yazd, Eastern Iran: a case-control pilot study
Authors: Hajimaghsoodi Samira , Paydar Elham , Owlia Fatemeh
Published: September 2024

Background

Taste disorders in patients suffering from COVID-19 were popular. Some people even after recovery report residual effects of loss of smell and taste. This study aimed to investigate the taste Perception of Iranian Medical Sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

The case-control study evaluated 50 Medical Sciences students with a history of COVID-19 infection, as confirmed by the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCOV) CFX96™ Real-Time PCR Detection System. The other participants consisted of 50 volunteer students with COVID-19 negative. The taste perception was measured with 4 different concentrations of the basic tastes. The stimuli were applied to the protruded tongue. Subjects were asked to identify the researcher when they felt the taste. Data are expressed as frequency distribution and analyzed with the Chi-Square test (P < 0.05).

Results

In this survey, 54% of participants were male and 46% were female, the mean age of participants was 22.96 ± 5 years. The results showed a significant difference in the sweet and bitter taste perception score according to the history of dietary supplement use. The bitter taste perception score declared a considerable difference since COVID-19 infection. There was no significant difference between the taste perception in the two studied groups for all 4 basic tastes according to gender, COVID-19 infection status, history of taste and smell disorders, and the elapsed time since COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion

Our findings could provide important insights into taste perception. The history of dietary supplementation may influence how sweetness and saltiness are perceived. There was a noticeable difference in bitter taste perception depending on the time that had elapsed since the most recent COVID-19 infection.
Optimizing the fermentation parameters in the Lactic Acid Fermentation of Legume-based Beverages– a statistically based fermentation
Authors: Ritter Stefan W. , Thiel Quentin P. , Gastl Martina I. , Becker Thomas M.
Published: September 2024

Background

The market for beverages is highly changing within the last years. Increasing consumer awareness towards healthier drinks led to the revival of traditional and the creation of innovative beverages. Various protein-rich legumes were used for milk analogues, which might be also valuable raw materials for refreshing, protein-rich beverages. However, no such applications have been marketed so far, which might be due to unpleasant organoleptic impressions like the legume-typical “beany” aroma. Lactic acid fermentation has already been proven to be a remedy to overcome this hindrance in consumer acceptance.

Results

In this study, a statistically based approach was used to elucidate the impact of the fermentation parameters temperature, inoculum cell concentration, and methionine addition on the fermentation of lupine- and faba bean-based substrates. A total of 39 models were found and verified. The majority of these models indicate a strong impact of the temperature on the reduction of aldehydes connected to the “beany” impression (e.g., hexanal) and on the production of pleasantly perceived aroma compounds (e.g., β-damascenone). Positively, the addition of methionine had only minor impacts on the negatively associated sulfuric compounds methional, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide. Moreover, in further fermentations, the time was added as an additional parameter. It was shown that the strains grew well, strongly acidified the both substrates (pH ≤ 4.0) within 6.5 h, and reached cell counts of > 9 log10 CFU/mL after 24 h. Notably, most of the aldehydes (like hexanal) were reduced within the first 6–7 h, whereas pleasant compounds like β-damascenone reached high concentrations especially in the later fermentation (approx. 24–48 h).

Conclusions

Out of the fermentation parameters temperature, inoculum cell concentration, and methionine addition, the temperature had the highest influence on the observed aroma and taste active compounds. As the addition of methionine to compensate for the legume-typical deficit did not lead to an adverse effect, fortifying legume-based substrates with methionine should be considered to improve the bioavailability of the legume protein. Aldehydes, which are associated with the “beany” aroma impression, can be removed efficiently in fermentation. However, terminating the process prematurely would lead to an incomplete production of pleasant aroma compounds.
Clinical value and risk factors of compression supporting screwsin patients with femoral neck fractures
Authors: Zhang Yazhou , Li Guanqing , Tian Zhi , Cao Can , Qiu Changmao , Li Xicheng
Published: September 2024

Background

This study was performed with attempt to explore the clinical value and risk factors of compression supporting screws for the treatment of femoral neck fractures.

Methods

This retrospective analysis enrolled 102 patients with femoral neck fractures who admitted to our hospital from June 2020 to June 2022. Based on different screws during the operation, the participants were allocated into hollow screw group (52 cases, conventional fixation of parallel partial-thread hollow screw) and compression screw group (50 cases, compression screw fixation).

Result

The incidence of complications (including internal fixation failure, nonunion, a vascular necrosis of the femoral head, shortening of the femoral neck by less than 10 mm, and lateral screw withdrawal, of the affected limb) in the compression screw group were significantly lower than those in the hollow screw group (P < 0.05). Patients enrolled in this study were followed up for 9 to 14 months, with an average follow-up time of (12.09 ± 1.87) months.The pain degree at 3 days, 10 days, and the last follow-up after operation in the compression screw group was evidently lower than that in the hollow screw group (P < 0.05). At the last follow-up, the improvment in hip joint function was more significant in the compression screw group than in the hollow screw group (P < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for complications in the treatment of femoral neck fractures with compression supporting screws were age, Pauwels type III fracture (modified Pauwels classification), and hip joint (≥ 90 points). In addition, the result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for complications in the treatment of femoral neck fractures with compression supporting screws were age, Pauwels type III fracture (modified Pauwels classification).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated beneficial outcomes obtained by using compression supporting screw, in terms of effectively enhancing the recovery of patients with femoral neck fracture and reducing the associated complications.
Therapeutic errors involving diabetes medications reported to United States poison centers
Authors: Thurgood Giarman Ashley , Hays Hannah L. , Badeti Jaahnavi , Rine Natalie I. , Spiller Henry A. , Zhu Motao , Smith Gary A.
Published: September 2024

Background

To investigate the characteristics and trends of therapeutic errors that occur outside of healthcare facilities involving diabetes medications reported to US poison centers.

Methods

National Poison Data System data from 2000 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

There were 157,623 exposure cases of non-healthcare facility-related therapeutic errors associated with diabetes medications as the primary substance reported to US poison centers from 2000 to 2021. The rate of all therapeutic errors involving diabetes medications increased by 279.8% from 2000 to 2011, followed by a slower 15.0% increase to 2021. Half (50.1%) of the exposure cases were treated/evaluated and released and 44.1% did not receive treatment in a healthcare facility; however, 9.9% experienced a serious medical outcome, including 17 fatalities, and 1.0% were admitted to a critical care unit and 2.2% to a non-critical care unit. Insulin had the highest rates of therapeutic errors and serious medical outcomes, while sulfonylureas and insulin had the highest medical hospital admission rates. Metformin accounted for 59% (n = 10) of fatalities.

Conclusions

Although most cases of therapeutic errors involving diabetes medications had no or minimal clinical consequences, an important minority were associated with a serious medical outcome or medical hospital admission. Increased efforts to prevent therapeutic errors involving diabetes medications are warranted.
Esophageal dedifferentiated liposarcoma resected by the cervical approach: a case report
Authors: Omachi Kazuki , Kosumi Keisuke , Tanizaki Takumi , Toihata Tasuku , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Baba Yoshifumi , Miyamoto Yuji , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo
Published: September 2024

Background

While liposarcomas tend to mainly occur in the soft tissues of the extremities and retroperitoneum, esophageal liposarcoma is rare. Herein, we report a case of a patient who underwent complete resection of an esophageal dedifferentiated liposarcoma via the cervical approach, leading to the preservation of the esophagus.

Case presentation

A 69-year-old man underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, as a result of which a submucosal-like tumor was observed. Upper gastrointestinal imaging showed a 12-cm tumor with a stalk arising from the esophageal entrance, extending to the middle intrathoracic esophagus, with a normal surface mucosa. Endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration biopsy showed that the nuclei of tumors cells were positive for murine double minute (MDM) and weakly positive for cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). We diagnosed the tumor as the esophageal dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and planed tumor resection via the cervical approach. The tumor was successfully resected and the postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion

This case report highlights the use of tumor resection via the cervical approach as a good option for esophageal liposarcoma.
Stage IV gastric cancer with microsatellite instability–high achieving long-term survival by gastrectomy after nivolumab as third-line therapy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kumagai Hideki , Baba Shigeaki , Nikai Haruka , Fujisawa Ryosuke , Shimooki Misato , Sasaki Akira
Published: September 2024

Background

The prognosis for stage IV gastric cancer remains poor; however, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as nivolumab has increased the number of patients with long-term survival. Patients with microsatellite instability (MSI)–high gastric cancer have been recognized as a highly effective population for ICIs. Herein, we report a patient with MSI–high advanced gastric cancer treated with gastrectomy after the administration of nivolumab as third-line therapy.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old woman presented with a type 3 tumor in the lower part of the gastric body, which was diagnosed as gastric cancer through biopsy. Staging laparoscopy revealed that the tumor had invaded the pancreas and the posterior lobe of the transverse mesocolon, and disseminated nodules were found near the ligament of Treitz. After 4 courses of S-1 plus cisplatin therapy, laparoscopic gastrojejunal bypass was performed because of difficulty in oral intake. She received S-1 plus oxaliplatin therapy after a gastrojejunal bypass; however, her regional lymph nodes were enlarged. After six courses of paclitaxel plus ramucirumab as second-line chemotherapy, computed tomography (CT) showed exacerbation of peritoneal dissemination; thus, nivolumab was selected as the third-line therapy. The tumor was characterized by MSI–high. At 24 courses, CT and gastroscopy revealed a complete clinical response of the tumor; however, re-growth of the primary tumor was observed at 36 courses. The patient underwent distal gastrectomy with D1 + lymph node dissection, and received S-1 monotherapy as adjuvant therapy for 1 year. No recurrence was noted at 39 months after the surgery.

Conclusions

We report a patient with highly advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination, which worsened during second-line therapy and was successfully treated with gastrectomy after nivolumab administration as a third-line therapy. MSI–high gastric cancer is a target that should be actively considered for the administration of ICIs, such as nivolumab, and multidisciplinary treatment combined with chemotherapy and gastrectomy, including conversion surgery, can lead to patients’ long-term survival.
Narratives of pride: Afghan migrant laborers in Iran
Authors: Jalali Mohsen
Published: September 2024

This article recounts the stories of Afghan migrants who have returned from Iran to Afghanistan. I frame these accounts of ordinary Afghans’ life experiences as “narratives of pride,” juxtaposing these stories with narratives of victimhood that dominate the immigration discourse on Afghanistan and more generally. In these narratives, migrants are predominantly characterized as victims in need of being saved. This article instead asks: why do returnees from Iran focus mostly on the positive parts of their mobility while downplaying the difficulties of dealing with the Iranian state, which does not have a good track record of dealing with migrants? In telling stories of years of living and working in Iran or other countries, I find that my interlocutors characterize themselves as sophisticated men of the world with a deep understanding of social and political phenomena that give them the ability to navigate life in foreign lands—an image far from victimhood as it is commonly portrayed in the literature and media. The article argues that in order to better understand the agency of migrants, it is crucial to form long-term connections with them to gain a more nuanced understanding of their experiences, rather than simply reproducing stories of victimhood.
Analysis and mapping of global research publications on migrant domestic workers
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M.
Published: September 2024

Recognizing the importance of evidence-based research in informing migration policies and empowering migrant domestic workers (MDWs), this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of MDW research patterns and trends. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study design, research articles on MDWs were retrieved from the Scopus database. The findings reveal a substantial increase in research output in recent years, with notable contributions from journals in the fields of social sciences and humanities. Key contributors include scholars from the United States, the United Kingdom, and institutions such as the National University of Singapore and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Journals in the field of migration have prominent role in publishing research on MDWs. At the author level, Yeoh, B.S.A, at the National University of Singapore was the most prolific author. Academic activities were the main driver of research and that funding was suboptimal in this field. Highly cited articles focused on topics such as transnational motherhood, the international division of reproductive labor, and the negotiation of citizenship rights. Major research hotspots in the retrieved articles included mental health aspects, caregiving especially of the elderly, and struggles for legal rights. Specific nationalities, such as Filipina/o and Indonesian MDWs, have been the focus of numerous studies, shedding light on their narratives, challenges, and agency within transnational contexts. Overall, this study underscores the urgency of addressing the needs and rights of MDWs, advocate for human rights, and enhance understanding of occupational health and safety in the unique context of domestic work.
Retrolental cohesive ophthalmic viscoelastic injection for severe subluxated cataracts: a prospective study
Authors: Iannetta Danilo , Romano Vito , Valsecchi Nicola , Grendele Arianna , Febbraro Simone , Marenco Marco , Moramarco Antonio , Lambiase Alessandro , Fontana Luigi
Published: September 2024

Background

To assess anatomical and functional outcomes of retrolental cohesive ophthalmic viscoelastic injection (“Viscolift technique”) in patients with severely subluxated cataracts.

Methods

In the present prospective study, we included patients older than 18 years with severely subluxated cataracts and phacodonesis. Full medical history was obtained at the baseline ophthalmological assessment. A single 25-gauge valved trocar was inserted 4 mm from the limbus and a 27G angled cannula was introduced through the trocar into the retrolental space, while cohesive viscoelastic was progressively injected, in order to center and elevate the cataract to facilitate capsulorhexis. After complete phacoemulsification, a 3-piece intraocular lens (IOL) with a scleral fixated Cionni ring or FIL-SSF scleral fixated IOL was implanted. Patients follow-up interval was 6 months after surgery.

Results

Thirteen eyes of 13 patients were enrolled in the study, mean age was 61.5 ± 9.4 years and 53.8% were females. The “Viscolift technique” resulted in centered and more stable cataracts in all cases (100%). After complete phacoemulsification, 61.5% of patients were implanted with a 3-piece IOL with Cionni ring, and 38.5% with a FIL-SSF scleral fixated IOL after complete 25G vitrectomy. Mean BCVA improved from 0.5 ± 0.1 LogMar (20/63 Snellen) to 0.1 ± 0.1 LogMar (20/25 Snellen) (p < 0.001) at the last follow-up. No major complications were noted.

Conclusions

The “Viscolift technique” proved to be a safe and effective surgical approach for recentering and elevating subluxated cataracts, thus allowing the surgeon to perform an easier and better-centered capsulorhexis.
Search efforts and face recognition: the role of expectations of encounter and within-person variability in prospective person memory
Authors: Moore Kara N. , Nesmith Blake L. , Zwemer Dara U. , Yu Chenxin
Published: September 2024

People perform poorly at sighting missing and wanted persons in simulated searches due to attention and face recognition failures. We manipulated participants’ expectations of encountering a target person and the within-person variability of the targets’ photographs studied in a laboratory-based and a field-based prospective person memory task. We hypothesized that within-person variability and expectations of encounter would impact prospective person memory performance, and that expectations would interact with within-person variability to mitigate the effect of variability. Surprisingly, low within-person variability resulted in better performance on the search task than high within-person variability in Experiment one possibly due to the study–test images being rated as more similar in the low variability condition. We found the expected effect of high variability producing more hits for the target whose study–test images were equally similar across variability conditions. There was no effect of variability in Experiment two. Expectations affected performance only in the field-based study (Experiment two), possibly because performance is typically poor in field-based studies. Our research demonstrates some nuance to the effect of within-person variability on search performance and extends existing research demonstrating expectations affect search performance.
Mediation/moderation effects of engagement, foreign language enjoyment, and ambiguity tolerance in metaverse-based foreign language learning
Authors: Zhang Qi
Published: September 2024

This study investigates how engagement (E), foreign language enjoyment (FLE), and ambiguity tolerance (AT) exert mediation/moderation in metaverse-based foreign language learning (FLL). Featuring augment/simulation-based experiences and self-fulfillment/external-control-oriented mechanics, metaverse provides virtualized interactive circumstances involving individuals’ embodied presence/behaviors, aligning with FLL that emphasizes social interaction. Based on the quantified survey data, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analyses investigate the significance and positivity of the mediation/moderation relations. According to the results, E exerts fully positive mediation in the effect of intrinsic motivation (IM) on learning effectiveness (LE), FLE exerts partially positive mediation in the effect of classroom social climate (CSC) on E, and AT exerts negative moderation in the positive effect of E on LE. Notably, FLE exerts insignificant mediation in the effect of growth mindset (GM) on E. Therefore, efficient metaverse-based FLL requires synergies of affective factors, i.e., intrinsic motivation, perceptions of classroom social climate, moderate degrees of ambiguity tolerance, and engagement, for sustainable and long-term language learning progress in virtual interactive experiences. At the theoretical level, the findings extend the FLL-related models and advance the understanding of FLL. At the practical level, the findings provide references for more efficient metaverse implementations in FLL.
Demand-driven capacity building for public health nutrition research in Lao PDR
Authors: Shively Gerald , Ambikapathi Ramya , Eddens Kate , Ghosh Susmita , Gunaratna Nilupa S. , Khamphouxay Kelley , Oula Ratthiphone , Ratsavong Kethmany , Saylath Thipphakesone , Siengsounthone Latsamy , Sipes Patricia , Sychareun Vanphanom , Tekwe Carmen , Thompson Leah , Thongmixay Souksamone , Vongxay Maikho , Vongxay Viengnakhone , Zoh Roger
Published: September 2024

In Laos, rates of undernutrition, especially among children under 5 years of age, remain high. In response, a large multidisciplinary team embarked on a multi-year project in Laos beginning in 2019 with the purpose of institutional strengthening around public health nutrition research. This paper summarizes the Applied Nutrition Research Capacity Building project’s activities, immediate project results, and prospects for sustaining impacts into the future. Eight primary activities were undertaken, including back-office strengthening, mentored research, and curriculum review and development. Requested training and skill development in areas related to public health nutrition, anthropometry, and research methods reached more than 1000 professionals. The first edition of a Lao-English Nutrition Glossary was produced, as was the country’s first National Nutrition Research Agenda, a document which sets locally-identified priorities for future research. Project success was achieved by focusing on the priorities of project partners and the Lao government, as articulated in the Lao National Nutrition Strategy and Action Plan. Project design elements that could guide similar efforts undertaken elsewhere include multi-year engagement, an emphasis on sustained peer mentorship, and the use of an extended period of pre-planning in collaboration with project stakeholders prior to the start of activities.
Accelerating HPV vaccination in Africa for health equity
Authors: Asempah Eric , Ikpebe Ene
Published: September 2024

Cervical cancer is a preventable disease that continues to burden socioeconomically underserved regions, especially in Africa. Vaccination of adolescents who have never had sex with prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines proves effective in preventing the disease. However, vaccine accessibility and availability are two persistent challenges in low-resource settings. For this commentary, a trend analysis is conducted for national HPV vaccination and coverage rates in Africa, a region with high burden of the disease. This is in consideration of the World Health Organization (WHO) strategy to vaccinate 90% of adolescent girls by the age of 15, as part of strategy to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030. The analysis estimated that the rate of incorporating HPV vaccination in national immunization programs in Africa occurs slowly, at a mean wait time of 12 years with estimated coverage rate of 52%. A policy change that harnesses strategic approaches, such as a regionalized vaccination program, is recommended to hasten HPV vaccination for the rest of African countries without a national program.
Health-related quality of life among women diagnosed with in situ or invasive breast cancer and age-matched controls: a population-based study
Authors: Bøhn Synne K. H. , Svendsen Karianne , Balto A. , Gjelsvik Ylva Maria , Myklebust Tor Åge , Børøsund Elin , Eriksen Hege R. , Meland A. , Østby K. , Nes L. Solberg , Kiserud Cecilie E. , Reinertsen Kristin V. , Ursin G.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

A breast cancer (BC) diagnosis may negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, there are few comparisons of HRQoL at several time points for women with BC, and particular when subdivided into invasive and in situ tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate various aspects of HRQoL in women recently diagnosed with invasive BC or ductal carcinoma in situ (in situ) compared to age-matched BC free controls in a population-wide sample recruited through the Cancer Registry of Norway.

Methods

This cross-sectional study utilized HRQoL data collected in 2020–2022 from a digital survey including 4117 cases (3867 women with invasive BC and 430 with in situ) and 2911 controls. HRQoL was assessed ≥ 21 days after diagnosis, using EORTC QLQ-C30. This includes scores assessing global quality of life (gHRQoL) and HRQoL functions and symptoms. Multivariable regression analyses were used to compare HRQoL between cases and controls and to identify factors associated with gHRQoL and fatigue. Additionally, HRQoL 14 months after diagnosis was analyzed in 1989 of the included cases and in 1212 of the controls. Score differences of ≥ 10 points were considered clinically relevant and thus presented in the results.

Results

Invasive BC cases had lower gHRQoL, role- and social functioning in addition to more fatigue than controls. In situ cases had lower role—and social functioning than controls. Invasive BC cases scored worse than in situ on all domains, but the differences were not considered clinically relevant. Physical activity was associated with better gHRQoL and less fatigue in invasive BC, in situ and controls. Both invasive BC and in situ cases improved their role- and social functioning scores from diagnosis to 14 months follow-up, however no improvement was seen for fatigue.

Conclusion

Women with invasive BC and in situ reported lower role- and social functioning scores than controls right after diagnosis with improvements 14 months after diagnosis. Physical activity was associated with better gHRQoL and less fatigue and should, whenever possible, play a key role in the care for BC patients.
Comparison of pulmonary vein isolation between two commercially available cryoballoon systems
Authors: Filipovic Karlo , Sultan Arian , Lüker Jakob , van den Bruck Jan-Hendrik , Wörmann Jonas , Scheurlen Cornelia , Schipper Jan-Hendrik , Dittrich Sebastian , Steven Daniel
Published: September 2024

Background

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using cryoballoon (CB) ablation has comparable efficacy and safety to the gold standard of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Initial randomized control trials were performed using Arctic Front Advance Pro™ (AFr) (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) CB system. Novel CB systems have recently become available, including the POLARx™ (Px) (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) system. We aimed to compare PVI using the Px and the AFr CB systems in our patient population in terms of efficacy, safety and procedure characteristics in a routine clinical setting.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of our internal AF ablation registry, containing 452 consecutive patients (pts) that underwent first procedure cryo-PVI for symptomatic AF. Primary endpoints were AF recurrence after 3 and 12 months, complication rate, procedure duration, fluoroscopy time and fluoroscopy dose. Secondary endpoints were minimal freeze temperature, time to isolation (TTI) and temperature at TTI for each of the pulmonary veins as well as minimal esophageal temperature during the procedure.

Results

The primary efficacy endpoints of AF recurrence after 3 and 12 months were similar between the AFr and the Px systems (25.5% vs 21.3%, p = 0.416 and 22.2% vs 20.6%, p = 0.794, respectively). Complication rates were similar (3.9% vs 6.8%, p = 0.18) between groups and consisted mostly of mild vascular complications. The AFr group showed a significantly shorter procedural duration (68 (55–77) vs 73 (60–80) min, p = 0.002), and lower fluoroscopy dose compared to the Px system. Fluoroscopy times remained similar, however. Minimal freeze temperatures and temperatures at time of isolation were significantly lower in the Px group. However, the time to isolation and minimal procedural esophageal temperature were similar in both groups.

Conclusion

PVI using the AFr and the Px systems showed comparable safety and efficacy. Procedural times were longer for the Px system. The Px system showed lower freeze temperature measurements but seemed to have a comparable biological effect.
Mechanism of renal cyst formation in a child with tuberous sclerosis complex: a case report
Authors: Koç Ece , Leventoğlu Emre , Kavgacı Akif , Karaduman Alev Elçi , Hirfanoğlu Tuğba , Fidan Kibriya
Published: September 2024

Background

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign tumors in various organs, including the brain, kidneys, heart, lungs, skin, and eyes. Herein, an infant who was followed up with a diagnosis of TSC and multiple cysts which were found in the kidneys was presented, and the mechanism of renal cyst formation in TSC was elucidated.

Case presentation

An infant was referred to our hospital after delivery due to multiple cardiac homogeneous echogenicity in the antenatal period. Transthoracic echocardiography showed multiple rhabdomyomas in both ventricles. Three months later, she started to have seizures 1–3 times a day. Electroencephalography was compatible with active multifocal epileptic disorder and hypsarrhythmia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thin corpus callosum, cortical and subcortical tubercles, and multiple subependymal nodules. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a multiloculated cyst reaching 1 cm in size in the liver, and multiple cortical cysts smaller than 6 mm were observed in both kidneys, in accordance with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Pathogenic deletions between 31–42 exons in TSC2 gene and 28–46 exons in PKD1 gene were detected, and the patient was diagnosed as PKD1/TSC2 contiguous gene deletion syndrome.

Conclusion

The coexistence of TSC and ADPKD is a rare occurrence but has been documented. Regular follow-up visits with healthcare providers, including nephrologists, cardiologist, neurologists, dermatologists, and other specialists as needed, are essential for the comprehensive management of coexistence of TSC and ADPKD. Individualized treatment plans should be developed based on the specific needs and manifestations of each patient, with a focus on optimizing outcomes and improving quality of life.
Analysis of third and fourth corneal high-order aberrations before and after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in myopic and myopic astigmatic eyes using ray tracing aberrometry
Authors: Belgacem Sarra , Habani Saoussene , Guernazi Daoud , Kail Fatiha , Chiali Selma
Published: September 2024

Background

Aim is to analyze alterations in third and fourth corneal higher-order aberrations using a ray tracing aberrometer (iTrace) induced by SMILE (small incision lenticule extraction) refractive surgery on Algerian patients; and also to investigate how corneal aberrations vary with spherical equivalent (SE), corneal central thickness (CCT), and age. Design Prospective, non-randomized case series that were carried out at the Chiali Smile Center, Algiers, Algeria.

Participants

A total of 219 eyes from 110 myopic patients, with and without astigmatism, successfully concluded the ultimate follow-up. Participants exhibited an average age of 32.48 years, with preoperative mean corneal high-order aberrations (CHOA) measuring 0.005 ± 0.036 μm.

Methods

A tracking trend analysis of high-order aberrations (HOAs) was conducted on the three groups of patients, assessing total corneal high-order aberrations after SMILE over periods of two, six, and twelve months.

Results

A substantial increase in total corneal high-order aberrations following SMILE, with a P value < 0.05. Conversely, there was a noteworthy and significant decrease in vertical trefoil for all groups (P value = 0.000). Interestingly, the corneal higher-order aberrations were more pronounced after two months compared to the six and twelve-month intervals. Spherical aberration demonstrated a significant increase with the extent of preoperative myopia and preoperative spherical equivalent both before and after SMILE surgery (P < 0.05), particularly in cases of high myopia. Moreover, there were significant reductions in preoperative and postoperative vertical coma (P = 0.047, P = 0.004, respectively) corresponding to the degree of preoperative myopia, with a more substantial decrease in vertical coma observed in cases of low myopia.

Conclusion

In the post-SMILE period, a notable increase in vertical coma and spherical aberrations was observed, accompanied by a significant decrease in vertical trefoil across all eyes. These aberration changes were identified to be closely associated with the spherical equivalent.
Exploring of biological activity and diverse metabolites in hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil by GC/MS, GC–FID, and LC–HRMS chromatographies
Authors: Gulcin İlhami , Ozden Eda Mehtap , Mutlu Muzaffer , Mirzaee Ziba , Bingol Zeynebe , Köksal Ekrem , Alwasel Saleh , Goren Ahmet C.
Published: September 2024

Background

This study investigated the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of hemp seed oil using various bioanalytical methods. Furthermore, this study determined the suppressive properties of hemp seed oil on α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase II that purified by the sepharose-4B-L-Tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity chromatoghraphy, all of which are related to different metabolic diseases. Moreover, the phenolic concentration in the essential oil was quantified through LC–HRMS chromatography. Thirteen distinct phenolic compounds were detected in hemp seed oil. Additionally, both the chemical components and quantity of essential oils within hemp seed oil were assessed through GC–FID and GC/MS analyses.

Results

The predominant essential oils in hemp seed oil included linoleoyl chloride (34.62%), linoleic acid (33.21%), and 2-4-di-tert-butylphenol (5.79%). Hemp seed oil's ability to scavenge radicals was studied through the use of 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil bioanalytical radical scavenging methods. The results unveiled its potent radical-scavenging properties, with an 46.20 μg/mL for 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals and IC50 of 9.76 μg/mL for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radicals. The investigation also extended to explore the reducing capabilities of Fe3+-2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine, copper (Cu2+), and iron (Fe3+). Hemp seed oil demonstrated notable inhibitory effect against α-amylase (IC50: 545.66 μg/mL), achethylcholinesterase (IC50: 28.00 μg/mL), and carbonic anhydrase II (IC50: 322.62 μg/mL).

Conclusions

This interdisciplinary research will prove valuable and set the stage for future investigations into the antioxidant characteristics and enzyme inhibition patterns of plants and plants oils that hold medical and industrial significance.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnoses and prescriptions in UK primary care, 2000–2018: population-based cohort study
Authors: Philipsen Alexandra
Published: September 2024

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common developmental disorder, affects 5–7% of children and 2.5% of adults globally. Recent increases in ADHD medication prescriptions have sparked the debate on overdiagnosis and overtreatment. McKechnie et al. examine UK ADHD prevalence and medication trends over 18 years, with implications for mental health services.
Associations between early experiences of thought interference and auditory-verbal hallucinations with first-rank symptoms and suicidality in adulthood
Authors: Gofton Hannah , Rodriguez Henrietta , Sheridan-Guest Trinity , Baker Daniel H. , Humpston Clara S.
Published: September 2024

Background

Suicide is one of the major causes of premature death in patients diagnosed with a schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorder. However, associations between psychotic-like experiences in youth and suicidality in later life remain under-researched.

Aims

We aimed to investigate any associations between early experiences of thought interference and auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVHs) with first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia and suicidal thoughts and behaviours in adulthood.

Method

This study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We calculated combined thought interference score at ages 11 years 8 months, 13 years 1 month, 14 years 1 month and 16 years 6 months. We also assessed AVHs at the same age points. For outcome variables, we used specific variables measuring delusions of control, AVHs and suicidality at 24 years of age. We carried out logistic regressions and mediation analyses to assess the relationships among these variables.

Results

Thought interference and AVHs at all ages throughout childhood and adolescence were associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours, and also with clinically more significant symptoms of delusions of control and AVHs at age 24. Substance use-induced psychotic-like experiences mediated a large proportion of the relationship between early psychotic-like experiences and suicidality in later life.

Conclusions

Thought interference and AVHs in childhood and adolescence are associated with first-rank symptoms and suicidality in adulthood. Mental health interventions in children and adolescents need to take into account the impact of specific psychotic-like experiences and allow for the early detection of thought interference and AVH-related symptoms.
A new technique of percutaneous minimally invasive surgery assisted by magnetic resonance neurography
Authors: Gao Jiakai , Chai Na , Wang Taoran , Han Zhiwei , Chen Jingdi , Lin Gang , Wu Yaoping , Bi Long
Published: September 2024

Aims

In order to release the contracture band completely without damaging normal tissues (such as the sciatic nerve) in the surgical treatment of gluteal muscle contracture (GMC), we tried to display the relationship between normal tissue and contracture bands by magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) images, and to predesign a minimally invasive surgery based on the MRN images in advance.

Methods

A total of 30 patients (60 hips) were included in this study. MRN scans of the pelvis were performed before surgery. The contracture band shape and external rotation angle (ERA) of the proximal femur were also analyzed. Then, the minimally invasive GMC releasing surgery was performed based on the images and measurements, and during the operation, incision lengths, surgery duration, intraoperative bleeding, and complications were recorded; the time of the first postoperative off-bed activity was also recorded. Furthermore, the patients’ clinical functions were evaluated by means of Hip Outcome Score (HOS) and Ye et al’s objective assessments, respectively.

Results

The contracture bands exhibited three typical types of shape – feather-like, striped, and mixed shapes – in MR images. Guided by MRN images, we designed minimally invasive approaches directed to each hip. These approaches resulted in a shortened incision length in each hip (0.3 cm (SD 0.1)), shorter surgery duration (25.3 minutes (SD 5.8)), less intraoperative bleeding (8.0 ml (SD 3.6)), and shorter time between the end of the operation and the patient’s first off-bed activity (17.2 hours (SD 2.0)) in each patient. Meanwhile, no serious postoperative complications occurred in all patients. The mean HOS-Sports subscale of patients increased from 71.0 (SD 5.3) to 94.83 (SD 4.24) at six months postoperatively (p < 0.001). The follow-up outcomes from all patients were “good” and “excellent”, based on objective assessments.

Conclusion

Preoperative MRN analysis can be used to facilitate the determination of the relationship between contracture band and normal tissues. The minimally invasive surgical design via MRN can avoid nerve damage and improve the release effect.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):776–784.
The Voices on Vax Campaign: Lessons Learned from Engaging Youth to Promote COVID Vaccination
Authors: Powell Terrinieka W. , Forr Amanda , Johnson Sydney , Clinton Taylor , Gaither James , Brewer Janesse , Dudley Matthew Z. , Holifield Joni , Wilson Paige , Benson Lori Rose , Harr Lindsey , Salmon Daniel A. , Mendelson Tamar
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Background: The Voices on Vax campaign was a collaborative effort that engaged youth to create an interactive website and social media presence to increase COVID vaccine confidence and uptake among African American families in Baltimore, Maryland. Objectives: To describe lessons learned and offer recommendations for future health communication campaigns involving youth ambassadors and virtual platforms. Methods: We collected website analytics and limited data from pop-up surveys on the Voices on Vax website, as well as reflections from the youth ambassadors about their experiences. Lessons Learned: Challenges included difficulties engaging the priority population and methodological limitations of our campaign’s impact evaluation. Successes included our focus on youth and adaptive engagement strategies. Conclusions: We recommend using techniques to maximize engagement by the priority population, conducting in-person outreach, incorporating mixed methods data collection, and providing a mix of structured training and creative freedom to youth ambassadors.
Inconvenience and Its Sisters: Lauren Berlant's Last Affective Meditation
Authors: Wanzo Rebecca , Parvulescu Anca
Published: September 2024

Abstract: The Inconvenience of Other People describes how inconvenience may appear a minor affective experience, but it is actually a mode of relationality that governs our lives. This essay takes Lauren Berlant's primary analytic mode—the case study—and applies the lessons of Inconvenience to the films R.M.N . and Promising Young Woman to explore how sexual violence constitutes both an object in itself and an entry point into other ways in which affect can disrupt the naturalization of inequality. Both films frame the conditions under which inconvenience become an event and a major force in our lives that helps us grasp what we owe each other and ourselves.