bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All‐In‐One Self‐Floating Wood‐Based Solar‐Thermal Evaporators for Simultaneous Solar Steam Generation and Catalytic Degradation
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Qu Jin , Wu Jing , Jiao Fan‐Zhen , Li Changjun , Gao Fu‐Lin , Liu Ji , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Li Xiaofeng
Published: May 2024

Solar‐driven steam generation has emerged as a sustainable technology for addressing freshwater scarcity. However, significant challenges still exist in developing high‐performance, multifunctional evaporators that are adept at both efficiently evaporating water and degrading pollutants, primarily because of the trade‐offs among functional designs. Here, a self‐floating solar evaporator is reported by functionalizing balsa wood with solar‐thermal conversion material carbon nanotubes and catalytic manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoflowers for simultaneous solar evaporation and pollutant degradation. MnO2 nanoflowers are rich in oxygen vacancies that can effectively activate peroxymonosulfate to generate reactive oxygen species for efficient organic pollutant degradation. A distinctive non‐wetted porous interior structure and a precisely targeted water pathway are spontaneously established in the multifunctional evaporator, ensuring fast water supply, thermal insulation, efficient mass transfer, and high buoyancy. The resulting evaporators successfully combine an impressive evaporation rate of 2.74 kg m−2 h−1, a high pollutant degradation efficiency (98.3% for 100 mg L−1 tetracycline and 97.4% for 200 mg L−1 Methyl orange), and stable self‐floating and self‐standing capabilities that ensure long‐term operation stability even in complex real‐world environments. This work provides an approach to design multifunctional solar evaporators, ensuring strong alignment with practical requirements while expanding their potential application scenarios.
Coordinated Solvent Molecules Enable the Excellent Capabilities of Two Zn2+‐Based Complexes in Detecting l‐Arginine via Long‐Lived Luminescence Recovery
Authors: Wang Hui‐Yu , Miao Lei , Zhang Bo‐Lun , Sun Ying‐Ji , Chen Jun , Liu Shuqin , Zhang Wen‐Qi , Wang Ting , Zhang Jian‐Jun
Published: May 2024

Luminescence metal–organic materials (MOMs) are widely used as probes for detection. However, most of such probes are based on fluorescence and work in either turn‐off or turn‐on mode. In contrast, long‐lived (>10 ms) probes (LLPs) with recovery response to analyte are quite rare. Herein “solvation complex” strategy is used to prepare two new afterglow complexes with multiple coordinated solvents, trans‐complex 1 with both delayed fluorescence (DF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and cis‐complex 2 with RTP. Remarkably, they can serve as selective and recovery LLPs for l‐Arginine detection, with limit of detection down to 1.0 × 10−7 M. In addition, heating/fumigation can induce reversible arousal/silence of their afterglow, while H2O/DMSO vapor fumigation causes reversible crystalline‐to‐crystalline transformation between them. Detailed mechanism studies reveal that the change in coordinated solvent, including loss/acquisition, exchange, or replacement, plays a key role in such afterglow multi‐stimuli‐responsive properties. This work not only shows the potential of such long‐lived luminescence complex for recovery detection, but also reveals the unique advantages of solvation complex in the preparation of afterglow multi‐stimuli‐responsive materials
Uniting Ultrahigh Plasticity with Near‐Theoretical Strength in Submicron‐Scale Si via Surface Healing
Authors: Xu Wei , Yu Jinhua , Ding Jun , Guo Yunna , Deng Lei , Zhang Liqiang , Wan Xiaoxuan , Zheng Shaochuan , Wang Yuecun , Shan Zhiwei
Published: May 2024

As a typical hard but brittle material, Si tends to fracture abruptly at a stress well below its theoretical strength, even if the tested volume goes down to submicron scale, at which materials are usually nearly free of flaws or extended defects. Here, via the thermal–oxidation–mediated healing of the surface that is the preferred site for cracks or dislocations initiation, the premature fracture can be effectively inhibited and the over 50% homogeneous plastic strain with the near‐theoretical strength (twice the value of the unhealed counterpart) are united in submicron‐sized Si particles. In situ transmission electron microscope observations and atomistic simulations elucidate the confinement effect from the passivated and smoothened thermal oxide, which retards the dislocation nucleation and transforms the dominant deformation mechanism from partial dislocation to the more mobile full dislocation. This work demonstrates an effective and feasible surface engineering pathway to optimize the mechanical properties of Si at small scales.
Calmodulin‐Based Dynamic Protein Hydrogels with Three Distinct Mechanical Stiffness
Authors: Bian Qingyuan , Kong Na , Arslan Sena , Li Hongbin
Published: May 2024

Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels that leverage protein conformational changes are of significant interest in the design of dynamic materials applicable in a myriad of fields, such as drug delivery, actuators, biosensors, and microfluidics. The small calcium binding protein calmodulin (CaM), which undergoes three‐stage conformational changes upon successive binding with Ca2+ and specific ligands, offers a mechanism to create dynamic hydrogels with three distinct physical states. In this work, a CaM‐based recombinant protein hydrogel is engineered using [Ru(bpy)3]2+‐mediated photo‐crosslinking. This hydrogel displays the ability to reversibly increase its Young's modulus by 1.5‐fold and ∼7‐fold, respectively, upon binding with Ca2+ and subsequent interaction with trifluoperazine. The magnitude of stiffness changes is tunable by adjusting the length proportion of dynamic and static domains and modifying protein content. This tunable and reversible control over hydrogel mechanics is further utilized to engineer shape‐morphing materials, highlighting the versatile potential of this CaM‐based protein hydrogel for diverse applications.
Toward Sustainable Lithium Iron Phosphate in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Regeneration Strategies and Their Challenges
Authors: Yan Jin , Qian Ji , Li Yu , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the penetration rate of lithium iron phosphate batteries in the energy storage field has surged, underscoring the pressing need to recycle retired LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries within the framework of low carbon and sustainable development. This review first introduces the economic benefits of regenerating LFP power batteries and the development history of LFP, to establish the necessity of LFP recycling. Then, the entire life cycle process and failure mechanism of LFP are outlined. The focus is on highlighting the advantages of direct recycling technology for LFP materials. Directly regenerating LFP materials is a very promising solution. Directly regenerating spent LFP (S‐LFP) materials can not only protect the environment and save resources, but also directly add lithium atoms to the vacancies of missing lithium atoms to repair S‐LFP materials. At the same time, simply supplementing lithium to repair S‐LFP simplifies the recovery process and improves economic benefits. The status of various direct recycling methods is then reviewed in terms of the regeneration process, principles, advantages, and challenges. Additionally, it is noted that direct recycling is currently in its early stages, and there are challenges and alternative directions for its development.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Triggered MXene Nanocomposite for Tumor‐Specific Mild Photothermal‐Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Xiong Peizheng , Wei Xiaodan , Zhou Li , Zhou Wanyi , Li Mengyue , Ge Yiman , Zou Jingshan , Peng Shunlin , Jiang Luyun , Tian Li , Liu Yiyao
Published: May 2024

Mild photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging and elegant approach with minimal adverse effects, demonstrating itself as an effective treatment for cancer. However, potential challenges may arise from the overexpression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and the reliance on monotherapy. Here, a near‐infrared (NIR) light‐triggered MXene nanocomposite (FA@MXene/CuO2/GA) is developed to synergistically combine mild PTT and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for remarkably effective tumor eradication without any notable tissue damage. Under the irradiation of NIR light, the nanocomposite effectively enhances the mild PTT by suppressing HSP90 expression through the release of gambogic acid (GA) due to the excellent photothermal performance of Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets as well as the tumor‐targeting ability and biocompatibility of the surface‐modified FA‐PEG‐SH. The copper‐based catalyst CuO2 in this system releases Cu2+ in an acid‐triggered manner within the tumor microenvironment, activating the Fenton‐like reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals, and the simultaneous production of H2O2 serves to alleviate the deficiency of endogenous H2O2 within the tumor. Overall, the current work showcases a remarkable synergistic anticancer effect of PTT and CDT, and also proposes new avenues for research in utilizing MXene nanomaterials for tumor treatment.
Corrosion and Protection of Electrocatalysts toward Advanced Energy Technologies
Authors: Lei Ling , Li Fumin , Jiang Xueliang , Yang Huan , Yu Xia Bao
Published: May 2024

High‐efficiency electrocatalysts play an important role in clean energy conversion technologies. Generally, electrocatalysts in different environments, including voltage, acid, and alkali electrolytes, are more susceptible to corrosion, which will induce structural and performance changes. Based on the latest achievements in the corrosion and protection of electrocatalysts in advanced energy technologies, this review mainly studies the application of various corrosion strategies to construct superior electrocatalysts, including chemical etching, metal corrosion transformation, and corrosion reconstruction, and their affecting factors are also appraised and summarized. To improve the stability of electrocatalysts, various corrosion inhibition strategies, such as carrier improvement and composition regulation accompanied by structure optimization, are reviewed. In addition, the application of catalyst corrosion in electrochemical energy technologies is examined from the perspective of the structure‐activity‐performance relationship. In the end, this article concludes the perspective and challenges of electrocatalyst corrosion in energy conversion and storage technologies. This article provides insights and directions for designing electrocatalysts with high efficiency and low corrosion, which is beneficial for developing corrosion chemistry for sustainable energy technologies.
Anode‐Free Alkali Metal Batteries: From Laboratory to Practicability
Authors: Xu Peng , Huang Fei , Sun Yanyan , Lei Yongpeng , Cao Xinxin , Liang Shuquan , Fang Guozhao
Published: May 2024

Anode‐free alkali metal batteries (AFAMBs) are regarded as the most promising candidates for next‐generation high‐energy systems owing to their high safety, high energy density, and low cost. However, the restricted alkali supply at the cathode, severe dendrite growth, and unstable electrode‐electrolyte interface result in low Coulombic efficiency and severely short cycle life. The optimization strategies are mainly based on laboratory‐level coin cells, but their effectiveness in practical‐level batteries is rarely discussed. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent developments and challenges of AFAMBs from the laboratory toward their practicability. First, the advances, major challenges, and optimization strategies are systematically summarized. More significantly, given the vast differences in battery structures and operating conditions, the gap between laboratory‐level and practical‐level batteries is particularly emphasized in this review. In addition, the failure mechanisms of practical‐level AFAMBs have been outlined and the key parameters affecting their performance are identified. Finally, insightful perspectives on practical AFAMBs are presented, aiming to provide helpful guidance for subsequent basic research to promote large‐scale commercial applications of AFAMBs.
Modulating Ionic Conduction and Accelerating Sulfur Conversion Kinetics through Oxygen Vacancy Engineering for High‐Performance Solid‐State Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Minkang , Hu Xiaoyu , Su Han , Zhong Yu , Wang Xiuli , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping
Published: May 2024

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries (SSLSBs) have garnered considerable attention as potential energy storage solutions owing to their exceptional specific energy, ease of processing, and economic viability. Nevertheless, the inherently low Li+ conductivity of the PEO electrolyte and the inevitable dissolution of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) within the sulfur cathode hinder the solid‐state sulfur conversion kinetics and lead to significant loss of active materials, thus posing challenges for practical applications. Herein, these concerns are addressed by incorporating oxygen vacancy enriched‐Nb22W20O102‐x (NWOx) nanorods as cathode additives in high‐performance PEO‐based SSLSBs. The uniformly dispersed NWOx nanorods effectively modify the coordination environment of Li ions by increasing the concentration of free Li ions in the PEO catholyte and alleviating the shuttle effect of dissolved LiPSs. Consequently, the developed SSLSB demonstrates excellent cyclic stability and rate capability. Specifically, it achieves a high discharge capacity of 1208.6 mAh g−1 during the initial cycle and maintains 927.8 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 C. Moreover, such a configuration can accommodate a high loading of active materials with stable capacity retention. Overall, this study presents an effective approach for developing solid‐state sulfur cathodes in PEO‐based SSLSBs.
Maturation of Human iPSC‐Derived Cardiac Microfiber with Electrical Stimulation Device
Authors: Masuda Akari , Kurashina Yuta , Tani Hidenori , Soma Yusuke , Muramatsu Jumpei , Itai Shun , Tohyama Shugo , Onoe Hiroaki
Published: May 2024

Here an electrical stimulation system is described for maturing microfiber‐shaped cardiac tissue (cardiac microfibers, CMFs). The system enables stable culturing of CMFs with electrical stimulation by placing the tissue between electrodes. The electrical stimulation device provides an electric field covering whole CMFs within the stimulation area and can control the beating of the cardiac microfibers. In addition, CMFs under electrical stimulation with different frequencies are examined to evaluate the maturation levels by their sarcomere lengths, electrophysiological characteristics, and gene expression. Sarcomere elongation (14% increase compared to control) is observed at day 10, and a significant upregulation of electrodynamic properties such as gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1) and potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2 (KCNJ2) (maximum fourfold increase compared to control) is observed at day 30. These results suggest that electrically stimulated cultures can accelerate the maturation of microfiber‐shaped cardiac tissues compared to those without electrical stimulation. This model will contribute to the pathological research of unexplained cardiac diseases and pharmacologic testing by stably constructing matured CMFs.
Multifunctional Biomimetic Liposomes with Improved Tumor‐Targeting for TNBC Treatment by Combination of Chemotherapy, Antiangiogenesis and Immunotherapy
Authors: Lan Jinshuai , Chen Lixia , Li Zhe , Liu Li , Zeng Ruifeng , He Yitian , Shen Yi , Zhang Tong , Ding Yue
Published: May 2024

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) featuring high relapses and metastasis shows limited clinical therapeutic efficiency with chemotherapy for the extremely complex tumor microenvironment, especially angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Combination of antiangiogenesis and immunotherapy holds promise for effective inhibition of tumor proliferation and invasion, while it remains challenging for specific targeting drug delivery to tumors and metastatic lesions. Here, a multifunctional biomimetic liposome loading Gambogic acid (G/R‐MLP) is developed using Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) to substitute cholesterol and cancer cell membrane coating, which is designed to increase long‐circulating action by a low immunogenicity and specifically deliver gambogic acid (GA) to tumor site and metastatic lesions by homologous targeting and glucose transporter targeting. After G/R‐MLP accumulates in the primary tumors and metastatic nodules, it synergistically enhances the antitumor efficacy of GA, effectively suppressing the tumor growth and lung metastasis by killing tumor cells, inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasion, achieving antiangiogenesis and improving the antitumor immunity. All in all, the strategy combining chemotherapy, antiangiogenesis, and immunotherapy improves therapeutic efficiency and prolonged survival, providing a new perspective for the clinical treatment of TNBC.
Insights into the Mechanism of Chiral‐Induced Spin Selectivity: The Effect of Magnetic Field Direction and Temperature
Authors: Das Tapan Kumar , Naaman Ron , Fransson Jonas
Published: May 2024

Chiral oligopeptide monolayers are adsorbed on a ferromagnetic surface and their magnetoresistance is measured as a function of the angle between the magnetization of the ferromagnet and the surface normal. These measurements are conducted as a function of temperature for both enantiomers. The angle dependence is found to follow a changing trend with a period of 360°. Quantum simulations reveal that the angular distribution can be obtained only if the monolayer has significant effective spin orbit coupling (SOC), that includes contribution from the vibrations. The model shows that SOC only in the leads cannot reproduce the observed angular dependence. The simulation can reproduce the experiments if it included electron–phonon interactions and dissipation.
Hierarchical Chiral Calcium Silicate Hydrate Films Promote Vascularization for Tendon‐to‐Bone Healing
Authors: Cai Zhuochang , Qu Cheng , Song Wei , Wang Haoyuan , Chen Shuai , Zhou Chao , Fan Cunyi
Published: May 2024

Revascularization after rotator cuff repair is crucial for tendon‐to‐bone healing. The chirality of materials has been reported to influence their performance in tissue repair. However, data on the use of chiral structures to optimize biomaterials as a revascularization strategy remain scarce. Here, calcium silicate hydrate (CSO) films with hierarchical chirality on the atomic to micrometer scale are developed. Interestingly, levorotatory CSO (L‐CSO) films promote the migration and angiogenesis of endothelial cells, whereas dextral and racemic CSO films do not induce the same effects. Molecular analysis demonstrates that L‐chirality can be recognized by integrin receptors and leads to the formation of focal adhesion, which activates mechanosensitive ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 to conduct Ca2+ influx. Consequently, the phosphorylation of serum response factor is biased by Ca2+ influx to promote the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis. After implanted in a rat rotator cuff tear model, L‐CSO films strongly enhance vascularization at the enthesis, promoting collagen maturation, increasing bone and fibrocartilage formation, and eventually improving the biomechanical strength. This study reveals the mechanism through which chirality influences angiogenesis in endothelial cells and provides a critical theoretical foundation for the clinical application of chiral biomaterials.
Nociceptor‐Enhanced Spike‐Timing‐Dependent Plasticity in Memristor with Coexistence of Filamentary and Non‐Filamentary Switching
Authors: Ju Dongyeol , Lee Jungwoo , Kim Sungjun
Published: May 2024

In the era of big data, traditional computing architectures face limitations in handling vast amounts of data owing to the separate processing and memory units, thus causing bottlenecks and high‐energy consumption. Inspired by the human brain's information exchange mechanism, neuromorphic computing offers a promising solution. Resistive random access memory devices, particularly those with bilayer structures like Pt/TaOx/TiOx/TiN, show potential for neuromorphic computing owing to their simple design, low‐power consumption, and compatibility with existing technology. This study investigates the synaptic applications of Pt/TaOx/TiOx/TiN devices for neuromorphic computing. The unique coexistence of nonfilamentary and filamentary switching in the Pt/TaOx/TiOx/TiN device enables the realization of reservoir computing and the functions of artificial nociceptors and synapses. Additionally, the linkage between artificial nociceptors and synapses is examined based on injury‐enhanced spike‐time‐dependent plasticity paradigms. This study underscores the Pt/TaOx/TiOx/TiN device's potential in neuromorphic computing, providing a framework for simulating nociceptors, synapses, and learning principles.
Three‐in‐One Zinc Anodes Created by a Large‐scale Two‐Step Method Achieving Excellent Long‐Term Cyclic Reversibility and Thin Electrode Integrity
Authors: Lu Hongfei , Zhang Di , Zhu Zhenjie , Lyu Nawei , Jiang Xin , Duan Chenxu , Qin Yi , Yuan Xinyao , Jin Yang
Published: May 2024

Practical aqueous zinc‐ion batteries require low‐cost thin zinc anodes with long‐term reversible stripping/depositing. However, thin zinc anodes encounter more severe issues than thick zinc, such as dendrites and uneven stripping, resulting in subpar performance and limited lifetimes. Here, this work proposes a three‐in‐one zinc anode obtained by a large‐scale two‐step method to address the above issues. In a three‐in‐one zinc anode, the copper foil as an inactive current collector solves the gradual reduction of the active area when only the pure zinc as an active current collector. This work develops an automatic electroplating device that can continuously deposit a zinc layer on a conducting foil to meet the demand for zinc‐coated copper foils. The sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)‐zinc fluoride (ZnF2) protective layer prevents direct contact between zinc and separator, and provides a uniform and sufficient supply of zinc ions. The CMC‐ZnF2‐coated copper foil performs up to 3000 reversible zinc deposition/stripping cycles with a cumulative capacity of 6 Ah cm−2 and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.94%. The Zn||ZnVO cell using the three‐in‐one anode achieved a high capacity retention of over 70% after 15 000 cycles. The proposed three‐in‐one anode and the automatic electroplating device will facilitate industrialization of practical thin zinc anodes.
Flexible Biosensors for Food Pathogen Detection
Authors: Biswas Sonatan Kumar , Islam Md Shariful , Jia Fei , Cao Yunteng , Li Yanbin , Cao Changyong (Chase)
Published: May 2024

Food contamination poses a significant threat to public health, the economy, and human health worldwide, occurring at any stage of the food supply chain, from farm to fork. Efficient and effective real‐time monitoring methods for the early identification and rapid detection of pathogen contamination are critical to preventing possible food safety issues. In the past decade, flexible electrochemical biosensors have rapidly expanded in the detection of foodborne pathogens, owing to their ability to function well at biological interfaces that may be soft, intrinsically curvy, irregular, or deformable. The most important features of flexible sensors are their flexibility, multifunctionality, low cost, and good compatibility with solution processing methods. These properties enable flexible sensors to be used in various applications, including smart packaging. This review focuses on the materials, structures, and fabrication methods of flexible biosensors, as well as their applications in food safety monitoring. It examines recent advances in electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors for pathogen detection, with a focus on their key components and their application in food analysis, while critically examining their current trends, particularly in conjunction with nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, gold nanoparticles, Indium tin oxide, etc. Finally, current issues and prospects for the future are discussed.
Applying simulation learning theory to identify instructional strategies for Generation Z emergency medicine residency education
Authors: Hrdy Michael , Tarver Emily M. , Lei Charles , Moss Hillary C. , Wong Ambrose H. , Moadel Tiffany , Beattie Lars K. , Lamberta Michael , Cohen Stephanie B. , Cassara Michael , Hughes Michelle D. , De Castro Aga , Sahi Nidhi , Chen Tina H.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Generation Z learners are entering emergency medicine (EM) residency training, bringing unique learning preferences that influence their engagement with residency education. To optimally teach and motivate this incoming generation of learners, EM educators must understand and adapt to the changing instructional landscape.

Methodology

The Simulation Leaders Advancing the Next Generation in Emergency Medicine (SLANG‐EM) Workgroup was created to identify effective educational strategies for Generation Z learners entering EM. Members were faculty in the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Simulation Academy, well versed in learning theory supporting simulation‐based education (SBE) and actively involved in EM residency education.

Unique treatment/analysis

Through primary and secondary literature searches, the SLANG‐EM Workgroup identified four distinctive learning preferences of Generation Z learners: (1) individualized and self‐paced learning, (2) engaging and visual learning environments, (3) immediate and actionable feedback, and (4) combined personal and academic support. Workgroup members evaluated these learning preferences using a novel conceptual framework informed by the theoretical principles underpinning SBE, recommending instructional strategies for Generation Z EM residency learners across multiple educational environments.

Implications for educators

Instructional strategies were described for the didactic, simulation, and clinical learning environments. In the didactic environment, identified instructional strategies included meaningful asynchronous education, interactive small‐group learning, and improved multimedia design. In the simulation environment, educational innovations particularly suitable for Generation Z learners included learner‐centered debriefing, rapid‐cycle deliberate practice, and virtual simulation. In the clinical environment, described instructional strategies involved setting learner‐centered goals and delivering facilitative feedback in the context of an educational alliance. Overall, these instructional strategies were clustered around themes of student‐centered education and the educator as facilitator, which align well with Generation Z learning preferences. These findings were synthesized and presented as an advanced workshop, “Delivering Effective Education to the Next Generation,” at the 2023 SAEM Annual Meeting.
We outside: Modeling equity‐centered, antiracist, community‐driven partnerships in resident education
Authors: Lewis John , Turner Anisha , James Thea , Brown Italo , Wilson Lauren Tamara
Published: May 2024

Background

Community engagement is increasingly recognized as a necessity in addressing intractable racial and ethnic health disparities in the United States. However, institutions have not adequately trained resident physicians in developing symbiotic community partnerships that preserve community autonomy and identity without exploitation. Our goals were to highlight the experiences of expert academic emergency physicians in creating innovative, community‐driven, and anti‐racist solutions to achieving measurable equity in health outcomes and to introduce a novel framework entitled the Social Change Method to take a community‐embedded intervention from concept to creation.

Methods

The methodology was based on the development of a didactic session at the 2023 SAEM Annual Meeting. The three novel initiatives discussed were Emergency Medicine Remix (EMR); Trust, Research, Access, and Prevention (TRAP) Medicine; and The Health Equity Accelerator (HEA). A team of multi‐institutional experts convened to develop the session objectives through priority setting.

Results

Our expert panel discussed successes and challenges encountered while using evidence‐informed strategies to conduct their community‐based programming. Participant questions were centered on fostering sustainability, emphasizing the importance of carefully crafted interventions in the face of uncertain legislative challenges and strategies to empower others.

Conclusions

Emergency medicine residency education should incorporate training on methods to leverage community partnerships to improve individual and community health outcomes. The Social Change Method can be used as a conceptual framework to generate easily re‐creatable and scalable partnerships that establish trust and forge relationships that honor identity and autonomy without exploiting community members.
The biology of reactivity in human relationships: a conversation with Victoria Harrison
Authors: MacKay Linda , Harrison Victoria
Published: May 2024

The concept of differentiation of self and its relationship to the natural capacity of humans and other social animals to adapt underpins clinician and researcher Victoria Harrison's long‐term investigation of the biology of reactivity in relationships. Victoria's early research related to infertility and reproduction demonstrated how reactivity in at least three prior generations can contribute to chronic conditions, such as endometriosis, that are less amenable to intervention. Her most recent project, the ‘Observations of Change in Physiology and Family’ research, highlights how work on differentiation of self improves functional outcomes in physical and mental health for the family. While an individual may not experience the ‘calm mind’ that is often the goal of conventional therapeutic intervention, a significant reduction in symptoms and an improvement in overall functioning and relatedness are outcomes. This occurred when participants focused on increasing person‐to‐person contact with extended family members, reducing their emotional reactivity to significant others in the important triangles of their life and family and maintaining intellectual activity, often described as curiosity, even while reacting.
Two‐channel stealthy false data injection attacks design without estimator knowledge
Authors: Wang Haoran , Ren Yuwei , Fang Yixian , Liu Ang
Published: May 2024

This paper primarily focuses on designing stealthy false data injection attacks targeting two communication channels in cyber‐physical systems equipped with state estimators and attack detectors. It introduces the concept of perfect attacks, rendering the attack detector unable to detect the designed attack signals, thereby enabling attackers to further destabilize the system. Through the error model designed by the attacker, the designed attack does not require knowledge of the state estimator. By injecting a carefully designed perfect attack into the communication channel, it is possible to extend the state estimation error of a residual detector system based on the Kalman filter to infinity. Moreover, this designed attack can bypass the residual‐based detector, thus achieving a completely stealthy attack. Finally, the results of theoretical derivations are validated by a numerical example and a practical case.
Can seasonal prediction models capture the Arctic mid‐latitude teleconnection on monthly time scales?
Authors: Kim Gaeun , Lee Woo‐Seop , Kim Baek‐Min
Published: May 2024

This study explores Arctic warming's effect on Eurasia's temperature variability, notably the warm Arctic–cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern, and assesses seasonal prediction models' accuracy in capturing this phenomenon and its monthly variation. Arctic warming events are categorized into deep Arctic warming (DAW), shallow Arctic warming (SAW), warming aloft (WA), and no Arctic warming (NOAW), based on the temperatures at 2 m and 500 hPa in the Barents–Kara Sea. It is revealed that DAW events are significantly correlated with monthly cold temperature anomalies in East Asia, predominantly occurring in January–February, excluding December. This study evaluates two primary capabilities of seasonal prediction models: their proficiency in forecasting these Arctic warming events, particularly DAW, and their ability to replicate the spatial patterns associated with DAW. Some models demonstrated notable predictive skill for DAW events, with enhanced performance in January and February. Regarding spatial pattern reproduction, models showed limited alignment with the reference dataset over the Northern Hemisphere (above 25° N) in December, whereas a higher degree of concordance was observed in January–February. This indicates their capability in capturing the atmospheric circulation patterns associated with DAW, pointing to areas where model performance can be enhanced.
In Operando Study of Microsupercapacitors with Gel Electrolytes Using Nano‐Beam Synchrotron X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Li Gui , Boulanger Nicolas , Iakunkov Artem , Xue Han , Li Jiantong , Tucoulou Rémi , Talyzin Alexandr
Published: May 2024

Synchrotron radiation X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with nanoscale beam size was used here for in situ and in operando study of micro‐supercapacitors (MSC) with gel electrolyte and MXene Ti3C2Tx electrodes. The electrode structure was characterized as a function of applied voltage and distance from the gap separating electrodes using microscopic cells with cylindrical shape designed for transmission mode XRD. The devices with gel electrolytes based on H2SO4 (with H2O/PVA and DMSO/PVA) showed stable performance with no changes in MXene structure under voltage swaps between positive and negative values. Experiments with KI‐based electrolytes demonstrated changes of MXene structure correlated with decrease of energy storage parameters under conditions of increased operation voltage starting from 0.8 V. The optimal performance of the MSCs was observed when the MXene structure remained unchanged upon switching the applied voltage polarity. The changes of inter‐layer distance of MXene upon swap of applied voltage correlate with decrease of device performance and are undesirable for stable operation of MSC's. We also tested feasibility of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) for characterization of electrolyte ion migration in MSCs using 2D element mapping. Irreversible sorption of iodine by MXene was found using XRF mapping of charged electrodes using standard in‐plane MSC device and KI electrolyte.
Fabrication of Fe/KB Composite as Sulfur Host for Li‐S Battery
Authors: Zhao Shuailong , Qian Xinye , Jin Lina , Li Baozhong
Published: May 2024

Lithium sulfur battery is a novel kind of secondary battery which has high energy density, however its application is greatly affected by the shuttle effect of polysulfides generated in the redox reaction of cathode electrode. Metal active sites are supposed as effective catalysts which can absorb and accelerate the conversion efficiency of lithium polysulfides, thus the shuttle effect will be alleviated. In this work, we conducted a simple way to prepare a metal Fe doped ketjen black to serve as the sulfur host of lithium sulfur battery. Ketjen black has a large specific surface area and rich porous structure, while Fe nanodot is an excellent catalyst for lithium polysulfides. Because of these advantages, the Fe/KB host can effectively confine a large amount of active material and accelerate its, therefore the Fe/KB−S cathode electrode show an excellent electrochemical performance.
The ABCs of the 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease
Authors: Khorsandi Michael , Blumenthal Roger S. , Blaha Michael J. , Kohli Payal
Published: May 2024

Background

The 2023 Multisociety Guideline for the Management of Chronic Coronary Disease (CCD) updates recommendations for CCD, formerly known as “stable ischemic heart disease.” This condition encompasses a spectrum of coronary vascular pathologies from subclinical to clinical ischemic heart disease.

Hypothesis

The new “ABC” mnemonic offers clinicians a streamlined framework for applying Class One Recommendations (COR1) and integrating recent updates into CCD management.

Methods

A critical analysis of the 2023 CCD guidelines was conducted, with this review highlighting key elements.

Results

The review outlines crucial changes, including novel recommendations supported by current clinical evidence. The focus is on these developments, clarifying their importance for day‐to‐day clinical practice.

Conclusions

The review encourages a synergistic approach between primary healthcare providers and cardiologists to develop comprehensive strategies for lifestyle modification and medication therapy in CCD care. Furthermore, it suggests that utilizing comprehensive risk assessment tools can refine medical decision‐making, ultimately enhancing patient care and clinical outcomes.
Transmittance estimation of translucent polymeric pellets
Authors: Wu Jiaying , Luo Zhenhua , Dougherty Joseph , Shamey Renzo
Published: May 2024

Plastics are commonly produced and sold in pellet form due to their superior handling characteristics. However, due to their small size, it is often impractical, if not unfeasible, to determine the transmittance of a single pellet instrumentally. Moreover, such measurements may be highly variable. Therefore, translucent films of certain thickness, known as plaques, are commonly molded to enable instrumental determination of their transmittance. These plaques, however, are not needed beyond the quality control process while they add a costly step to the production process. In this study, we test a method, based on the layer theory, that enables the estimation of the transmittance spectra of nearly transparent plastic plaques from the reflectance measurements of their pellet counterparts. The comparison of the estimated transmittance spectra of pellets versus measured transmittance of plaques shows the RMSE ranging from 0.37%–1.80%, with a color difference, CIEDE2000(1:1:1), of 0.07–0.48, thus validating the applicability of the method.
Identifying genomic regions associated with key agro‐morphological traits in soft red winter wheat using genome‐wide association study
Authors: Subedi Madhav , Bagwell John W. , Ghimire Bikash , Lopez Benjamin , Sapkota Suraj , Babar Md. Ali , Mergoum Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Agro‐morphological traits play a significant role in the adaptation of wheat to diverse agroecosystems. Genetic understanding of these traits is crucial to develop cultivars adapted to specific environments and maximize their productivity. This is a comprehensive genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of 230 diverse lines of soft red winter wheat for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to eight key agro‐morphological traits. The diversity panel was evaluated in two locations for three consecutive years (2020–2023). A total of 150 significant marker–trait associations were detected, including 65 for three flag leaf traits, 35 for peduncle length, 33 for plant height, 16 for heading date, and one for plant vigor using 27,466 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Eleven high‐confidence major‐effect QTLs explaining greater than 10% phenotypic variance were detected, of which seven were stable, and one showed an association with plant height and peduncle length. QTLs possibly allelic for important dwarfing (Rht23) and vernalization (Vrn‐B1) genes were identified. Six QTLs, QFlw.uga‐1A, QPdl.uga‐1A, QFlw.uga‐2B.2, QPdl.uga‐5A, QPdl.uga‐7A, and QPht.uga‐7B, are presumed to be novel, and nearby candidate gene(s) were identified for all except QPdl.uga‐1A. The pyramiding of favorable alleles from major‐effect QTLs was found to have significant improvement in peduncle length (shortened by 5 cm), flag leaf width (increased by 0.18 cm), and plant height (shortened by 11 cm). This study has improved our genetic understanding of important agro‐morphological traits. These results, upon further validation, can be used in breeding for desirable plant architecture to improve wheat yield potential.
Board gender diversity and corporate social irresponsibility in a dominant owner context
Authors: Fleitas‐Castillo Gema C. , Peña‐Martel Devora , Pérez‐Alemán Jerónimo , Santana‐Martín Domingo Javier
Published: May 2024

The growing prominence of women directors has increased interest in their role in firms' social performance. However, knowledge of what impact female directors might have on corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) remains virtually non‐existent. This study aims to fill this gap. Using a sample of 107 Spanish listed non‐financial companies from the OSIRIS database (Bureau Van Dijk) for the period 2014–2022, together with alternative regression methods to account for endogeneity (2SLS, propensity scoring matching and generalised method of moments), our results show an inverted U‐shaped relationship between female directors and CSI. This supports arguments that dominant owners might appoint a small number of female directors symbolically to create a ‘halo effect’ or to enhance their public image and thus reinforce their entrenchment and divert attention away from CSI episodes. However, the appointment of a critical mass of female directors does evidence dominant owner commitment to move away from irresponsible corporate practices, since the presence of a larger number of female directors encourages the firm's ethical behaviour and increases the costs of penalising CSI episodes in the face of the firm's hypocritical behaviour. This study contributes to the emerging literature on CSI by complementing the knowledge gained from studies on ethical behaviour in a concentrated ownership setting. However, the study is not without limitations, especially in terms of the difficulty of measuring CSI episodes since, despite the work of the media, some socially irresponsible practices may remain hidden.
The role of neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes on patterns of genetic diversity across small cave‐dwelling populations of Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
Authors: Judson Braden J. , Kristjánsson Bjarni K. , Leblanc Camille A.‐L. , Ferguson Moira M.
Published: May 2024

Understanding the adaptability of small populations in the face of environmental change is a central problem in evolutionary biology. Solving this problem is challenging because neutral evolutionary processes that operate on historical and contemporary timescales can override the effects of selection in small populations. We assessed the effects of isolation by colonization (IBC), isolation by dispersal limitation (IBDL) as reflected by a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD), and isolation by adaptation (IBA) and the roles of genetic drift and gene flow on patterns of genetic differentiation among 19 cave‐dwelling populations of Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). We detected evidence of IBC based on the genetic affinity of nearby cave populations and the genetic relationships between the cave populations and the presumed ancestral population in the lake. A pattern of IBD was evident regardless of whether high‐level genetic structuring (IBC) was taken into account. Genetic signatures of bottlenecks and lower genetic diversity in smaller populations indicate the effect of drift. Estimates of gene flow and fish movement suggest that gene flow is limited to nearby populations. In contrast, we found little evidence of IBA as patterns of local ecological and phenotypic variation showed little association with genetic differentiation among populations. Thus, patterns of genetic variation in these small populations likely reflect localized gene flow and genetic drift superimposed onto a larger‐scale structure that is largely a result of colonization history. Our simultaneous assessment of the effects of neutral and adaptive processes in a tractable and replicated system has yielded novel insights into the evolution of small populations on both historical and contemporary timescales and over a smaller spatial scale than is typically studied.
Ecology and abundance of a relict population of the bush cricket Saga pedo in the Northern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Repetto Emanuele , Milanesi Pietro , De Caria Livia , Della Rocca Francesca
Published: May 2024

The expansion of forest cover and intensification of agriculture represent the main threats to the bush cricket Saga pedo, currently listed as Vulnerable globally by the IUCN and included in Annex IV of the European Union Habitats Directive. Gathering information on its ecology and population size is challenging due to its low abundance and localized distribution. Additionally, the elusive and cryptic behavior of this species reduces the likelihood of its detection, potentially resulting in population underestimations. Thus, in this study, we aimed to (1) estimate S. pedo population size in relation to environmental variables and prey availability and (2) predict abundance of S. pedo in our study area for future monitoring in nearby territories. We found that the population of S. pedo in our study area consists of 197 (±115) individuals with a detection probability of 21.01% (±11.09). Detection probability of S. pedo further decreases on windy days. Moreover, we found that the investigated population of S. pedo occupies suboptimal areas, as highlighted not only by the predicted abundances but also by the association between S. pedo and other subfamilies of orthoptera that are ecologically very distant from our target species and mostly linked to mesophilic biotopes. Most of the individuals we observed are concentrated in small clearings completely within wooded matrices and therefore isolated from each other. Based on our results, it is possible that forest expansion toward open meadows represents the main threat to this population, transforming the clearings and xeric meadows (to which S. pedo is linked) into small and fragmented patches that are suboptimal and insufficient to host viable populations.
Taxa‐dependent temporal trends in the abundance and size of sea urchins in subtropical eastern Australia
Authors: McLaren Emily , Sommer Brigitte , Pandolfi John M. , Beger Maria , Byrne Maria
Published: May 2024

Subtropical reefs host a dynamic mix of tropical, subtropical, and temperate species that is changing due to shifts in the abundance and distribution of species in response to ocean warming. In these transitional communities, biogeographic affinity is expected to predict changes in species composition, with projected increases of tropical species and declines in cool‐affinity temperate species. Understanding population dynamics of species along biogeographic transition zones is critical, especially for habitat engineers such as sea urchins that can facilitate ecosystem shifts through grazing. We investigated the population dynamics of sea urchins on coral‐associated subtropical reefs at 7 sites in eastern Australia (28.196° S to 30.95° S) over 9 years (2010–2019), a period impacted by warming and heatwaves. Specifically, we investigated the density and population size structure of taxa with temperate (Centrostephanus rodgersii, Phyllacanthus parvispinus), subtropical (Tripneustes australiae) and tropical (Diadema spp.) affinities. Counter to expectation, biogeographic affinity did not explain shifts in species abundances in this region. Although we expected the abundance of tropical species to increase at their cold range boundaries, tropical Diadema species declined across all sites. The subtropical T. australiae also showed declines, while populations of the temperate C. rodgersii were remarkably stable throughout our study period. Our results show that temporal patterns of sea urchin populations in this region cannot be predicted by bio‐geographic affinity alone and contribute critical information about the population dynamics of these important herbivores along this biogeographic transition zone.