bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Substance Use Consequences between Serotonergic Psychedelics, MDMA, and other Drugs of Abuse Among United States Adults with History of Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Black Joshua C. , Schow Nicole , Burkett Hannah L. , Pena Morgan , Jewell Jennifer S. , Czizik Annika , Monte Andrew A. , Dart Richard C.
Published: September 2023

Psychedelic-assisted therapy could transform treating psychiatric illness, but harms from exacerbating substance use disorder (SUD) among adults with psychiatric illness using psychedelics have not been studied. A cross-sectional survey in the US was used to test whether Drug Abuse Screening Test scores (DAST-10, validated instrument predicting SUD) were more severe when psychiatric illnesses (anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder [MDD], post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and bipolar disorder) and serotonergic psychedelic or MDMA use were combined. Any psychedelic use among adults with psychiatric illness history (anxiety: 5.1% [95% CI: 4.7, 5.6]; MDD: 5.1% [4.3, 5.8]; PTSD: 6.9% [5.9, 7.9]; bipolar: 9.2% [8.0, 10.5]) was more prevalent than the general population (2.6% [2.5, 2.8]). Significant increases in scores were associated with psychedelic use independent of other concurrent drug use, but increases were smaller than for opioids or stimulants. Approaches to managing SUD risks with psychedelics should differ from past approaches for other drugs.
Time-to-event overall survival prediction in glioblastoma multiforme patients using magnetic resonance imaging radiomics
Authors: Hajianfar Ghasem , Haddadi Avval Atlas , Hosseini Seyyed Ali , Nazari Mostafa , Oveisi Mehrdad , Shiri Isaac , Zaidi Habib
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) represents the predominant aggressive primary tumor of the brain with short overall survival (OS) time. We aim to assess the potential of radiomic features in predicting the time-to-event OS of patients with GBM using machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Materials and methods

One hundred nineteen patients with GBM, who had T1-weighted contrast-enhanced and T2-FLAIR MRI sequences, along with clinical data and survival time, were enrolled. Image preprocessing methods included 64 bin discretization, Laplacian of Gaussian (LOG) filters with three Sigma values and eight variations of Wavelet Transform. Images were then segmented, followed by the extraction of 1212 radiomic features. Seven feature selection (FS) methods and six time-to-event ML algorithms were utilized. The combination of preprocessing, FS, and ML algorithms (12 × 7 × 6 = 504 models) was evaluated by multivariate analysis.

Results

Our multivariate analysis showed that the best prognostic FS/ML combinations are the Mutual Information (MI)/Cox Boost, MI/Generalized Linear Model Boosting (GLMB) and MI/Generalized Linear Model Network (GLMN), all of which were done via the LOG (Sigma = 1 mm) preprocessing method (C-index = 0.77). The LOG filter with Sigma = 1 mm preprocessing method, MI, GLMB and GLMN achieved significantly higher C-indices than other preprocessing, FS, and ML methods (allpvalues < 0.05, mean C-indices of 0.65, 0.70, and 0.64, respectively).

Conclusion

ML algorithms are capable of predicting the time-to-event OS of patients using MRI-based radiomic and clinical features. MRI-based radiomics analysis in combination with clinical variables might appear promising in assisting clinicians in the survival prediction of patients with GBM. Further research is needed to establish the applicability of radiomics in the management of GBM in the clinic.
Prediction of annual CO2 emissions at the country and sector levels, based on a matrix completion optimization problem
Authors: Biancalani Francesco , Gnecco Giorgio , Metulini Rodolfo , Riccaboni Massimo
Published: September 2023

In the recent past, annual CO$$_2$$

2

emissions at the international level were examined from various perspectives, motivated by rising concerns about pollution and climate change. Nevertheless, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the problem of dealing with the potential inaccuracy/missingness of such data at the country and economic sector levels has been overlooked. Thereby, in this article we apply a supervised machine learning technique called Matrix Completion (MC) to predict, for each country in the available database, annual CO$$_2$$

2

emissions data at the sector level, based on past data related to all the sectors, and more recent data related to a subset of sectors. The core idea of MC consists in the formulation of a suitable optimization problem, namely the minimization of a proper trade-off between the approximation error over a set of observed elements of a matrix (training set) and a proxy of the rank of the reconstructed matrix, e.g., its nuclear norm. In the article, we apply MC to the imputation of (artificially) missing elements of country-specific matrices whose elements come from annual CO$$_2$$

2

emission levels related to different sectors, after proper pre-processing at the sector level. Results highlight typically a better performance of the combination of MC with suitably-constructed baseline estimates with respect to the baselines alone. Potential applications of our analysis arise in the prediction of currently missing elements of matrices of annual CO$$_2$$

2

emission levels and in the construction of counterfactuals, useful to estimate the effects of policy changes able to influence the annual CO$$_2$$

2

emission levels of specific sectors in selected countries.
Early Life Management of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Arundel Paul , Borg Stephanie A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose of Review

This review aims to provide a review of the multidisciplinary management of infants with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) during the first year of life, focusing on those with severe disease. The authors draw on published literature and direct experience of working in a large paediatric centre specialising in the management of rare bone disease.

Recent Findings

Whilst understanding of the pathophysiology of OI has grown over the past decade, the evidence base for management of infants remains limited. There has been a greater recognition of certain subjects of concern including pain management, cervical spine deformity, and neurocognitive development. Both international consensus guidelines on rehabilitation and disease-specific growth charts have been welcomed by clinical teams.

The early involvement of multidisciplinary specialist care is critical in ensuring optimal care for the infant with severe OI. A long-term perspective which focuses on the axial, craniofacial, and peripheral skeleton as well as on development more generally provides a framework which can guide the management of infants with severe OI.
An 8-item scale for the measurement of happiness: validation and application of the Oxford happiness questionnaire in an Italian sample
Authors: Barattucci Massimiliano , Brugnera Agostino , Ramaci Tiziana , Kuvačić Goran , De Giorgio Andrea
Published: September 2023

Happiness is a basic human emotional state associated with positive life and work-related outcomes. Despite being currently considered a central topic in public health research and practice, there is a paucity of valid and reliable brief measures of happiness that have been adapted in Italian. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the psychometric properties of a brief 8-item measure of subjective happiness, namely the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, within an Italian sample. A total of 917 Italian adults (mean age = 37.58 ± 12.69 years; 75.7% females) volunteered for this study, and completed measures of happiness, perceived stress, emotion dysregulation, mindful attention, and life satisfaction. The OHQ revealed optimal psychometric properties in terms of internal validity and reliability, with an excellent fit to the data. Further, the measure evidenced a good convergent validity, being associated with other outcomes and psychological skills with medium-to-large effects.
A Qualitative Study on University Students’ Perceptions Regarding Sexual Violence Perpetrated by Women Against Men
Authors: de Oliveira Leonor , Carmo Eunice , Cardoso Daniel , Brazão Nélio , Viegas Mária , Vespasiano Rita , Carvalho Joana
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Sexual violence (SV) perpetrated by women against men is socially dismissed and underrepresented in research. The aim of the current study was to explore the perspectives of university students (women and men) on women-perpetrated SV against men.

Methods

A total of 19 undergraduate students were presented with a vignette describing a hypothetical situation of SV and interviewed.

Results

A thematic analysis was performed, identifying four main themes: characters’ Features, sexual initiation Strategies, Consequences, and Motivations and Contexts. Participants endorsed gender stereotypes and victim-blaming narratives, but also challenged gender stereotypes and rape myths. Participants could identify violent sexual initiation strategies, could anticipate potential consequences of the abuse, and were able to imagine potential motivational and contextual factors that facilitated the abuse.

Conclusions

These results highlight the importance of providing adequate information regarding women-perpetrated SV and can inform preventative approaches targeting social norms that perpetuate the invisibility of this phenomenon. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

Policy Implications

Public policies that facilitate the training of professionals who contact with victims may help overcome the influence of rape myths that hinder appropriate intervention. Similarly, policies that support the prevention of SV in university contexts may contribute to translate the results from research into practice.
Gelatin-based hydrogel with antiseptic properties: synthesis and properties
Authors: Maikovych Olha , Nosova Nataliia , Bukartyk Nataliia , Fihurka Nataliia , Ostapiv Dmytro , Samaryk Volodymyr , Pasetto Pamela , Varvarenko Serhii
Published: September 2023

The work presents the results of research on the formation of a hydrogel polymer matrix during the gelatin crosslinking with a dioxirane derivative of poly(ethylene glycol) and experiments on studying their properties. The crosslinking process of type A gelatin using poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE 500) was optimized by changing the gelatin: PEGDE ratio without using any other factors. The properties of the obtained hydrogels were studied, in particular the gel fraction amount, the degree of swelling in different media, mechanical properties, pore size, cytotoxicity, the ability to absorb and release antiseptic drugs, and bactericidal properties of hydrogel samples filled with an antiseptic agent (chlorhexidine). The crosslinking reaction has been found to be the most efficient at gelatin: PEGDE 500 ratio ranging from 1:3 to 1:5. In this case, the formation of highly elastic hydrogels with maximum fraction amount and high mechanical properties was observed (the samples were not destroyed under compression). Moreover, only within this ratio range, the obtained hydrogels retained their shape when heated to 40 °C. The pore sizes of the swollen hydrogel clearly depend on the crosslinker content. The high values of the degree of swelling in the exudate-simulating fluid in combination with mechanical strength allow the development of wound dressings based on hydrogels of the developed composition. Crosslinking of gelatin with PEGDE 500 allows to obtain gelatin-based hydrogels in a controlled manner which does not require subsequent purification steps. The resulting material does not exhibit cytotoxicity during in vitro studies on living cells. The hydrogel filled with an antiseptic drug is capable of releasing it by 50% within the first day into the medium of saline and exudate-simulating fluid. The antimicrobial properties of the hydrogel containing chlorhexidine are confirmed by the effective inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Supporting Nature-Based Solutions via Nature-Based Thinking across European and Latin American cities
Authors: Mercado Geovana , Wild Tom , Hernandez-Garcia Jaime , Baptista Mariana D. , van Lierop Martina , Bina Olivia , Inch Andy , Ode Sang Åsa , Buijs Arjen , Dobbs Cynnamon , Vásquez Alexis , van der Jagt Alexander , Salbitano Fabio , Falanga Roberto , Amaya-Espinel Juan David , de Matos Pereira Mafalda , Randrup Thomas B.
Published: September 2023

Nature-Based Solutions concepts and practices are being used worldwide as part of attempts to address societal challenges but have also been criticised for not dealing with deeper transformations needed to face urgent issues including biodiversity loss, climate change and inclusion. In this paper, we explore how an inclusive, integrated and long-sighted approach, emphasising a more radical integration of nature within cities, might support the transformations needed to endure major contemporary challenges. Addressing important emerging critiques of Nature-Based Solutions, we consider the potential of a more incisive form of Nature-Based Thinking (NBT) in cities, based on more holistic perspectives. The paper draws on a reflective and iterative research process that engaged both the research and practice communities through a symposium and a series of futures workshops that together explored the potential of NBT to develop future nature-cities relations in Europe and Latin America. The results of the reflective process suggest that notions of nature with people—not for people— new organisational structures, and the intention and capacity to apply long-term perspectives, are needed when planning for NBS interventions aimed at sustainable urban development. This includes developing a cultural-structural change based on new and inclusive understandings of human–nature relations, and novel governance paradigms that allow cross-sectoral coordination and engagement of local stakeholders beyond formal organisational structures.
A unified analysis framework for generalized fractional Moore–Gibson–Thompson equations: Well-posedness and singular limits
Authors: Meliani Mostafa
Published: September 2023

In acoustics, higher-order-in-time equations arise when taking into account a class of thermal relaxation laws in the modeling of sound wave propagation. In this work, we analyze initial boundary value problems for a family of such equations and determine the behavior of solutions as the relaxation time vanishes. In particular, we allow the leading term to be of fractional type. The studied model can be viewed as a gen-eralization of the well-established (fractional) Moore–Gibson–Thompson equation with three, in general nonlocal, convolution terms involving two different kernels. The interplay of these convolutions will influence the uniform analysis and the lim-iting procedure. To unify the theoretical treatment of this class of local and nonlocal higher-order equations, we relax the classical assumption on the leading-term kernel and consider it to be a Radon measure. After establishing uniform well-posedness with respect to the relaxation time of the considered general model, we connect it, through a delicate singular limit procedure, to fractional second-order models of linear acoustics.
The diagnosis of hypophosphatasia in children as a multidisciplinary effort: an expert opinion
Authors: Baroncelli G. I. , Carlucci G. , Freri E. , Giuca M. R. , Guarnieri V. , Navarra G. , Toschi B. , Mora S.
Published: September 2023

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disorder in which pathogenic variants of the ALPL gene lead to a marked decrease of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity. Although HPP is a systemic disorder, its clinical manifestations are more evident on bones, teeth, muscle and central nervous system. The clinical spectrum ranges from severe forms with extreme skeletal deformities, respiratory impairment, seizures, to very mild forms with onset in late adulthood and few clinical signs. The diagnosis can be suspected by measurement of TNSALP activity, but the insufficient awareness among health professionals and the lack of official guidelines are responsible for delayed diagnosis in children with HPP. The purpose of the current document is to provide an expert opinion directed at optimizing the diagnostic pathway of pediatric HPP. From April to December 2022, a multidisciplinary working group of 6 experts including two pediatric endocrinologists, a pediatric neurologist, a pediatric odontologist, a clinical geneticist, and a molecular biologist gathered in a series of periodic meetings to discuss the main issues related to the diagnosis of HPP in children and formalize an Expert Opinion statement. The experts agreed on a diagnostic trail that begins with the recognition of specific clinical signs, leading to biochemical analyses of TNSALP activity and vitamin B6 serum concentration. Very important are the neurological and dental manifestation of the disease that should be thoroughly investigated. The evaluation of TNSALP activity must consider sex and age variability and low activity must be persistent. Repeated blood measurements are thus necessary. The molecular analysis is then mandatory to confirm the diagnosis and for genetic counseling.
Sindrome dell’ovaio policistico: ruolo del glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) nella regolazione dell’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-ovaio
Authors: Pugliese Gabriella , de Alteriis Giulia , Savastano Silvia
Published: September 2023

Sommario

L’obesità e l’insulino-resistenza associate alla sindrome dell’ovaio policistico (PCOS) hanno stimolato studi clinici sull’efficacia degli agonisti recettoriali del Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1RA) nella perdita di peso e nel miglioramento del metabolismo glucidico in tale sindrome. Questa rassegna riassume le evidenze sperimentali sul ruolo del GLP-1 nella regolazione dell’asse sull’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-ovaio e nei meccanismi patogenetici della PCOS per fornire un razionale al trattamento con GLP-1RA nelle pazienti PCOS normopeso.
Psychological and Physiological Effects of Low-Level Meaningful Artificial Sounds on Intellectual Tasks
Authors: Asakura T.
Published: September 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the psychological and physiological effects of low-level meaningful artificial sounds on intellectual tasks. The psychological factors related to the degree of disturbance, concentration, and stress, as measured by subjective evaluation, were compared with the degree of physiological stress, as measured using salivary alpha-amylase activity. The results indicated that human speech and chewing sounds caused similar levels of psychological stress while performing intellectual tasks; however, chewing sounds caused comparatively less physiological stress than did human speech sounds. These findings suggest that depending on the sound stimulus, psychological and physiological stress characteristics may not coincide.
Private lives: experimental evidence on information completeness in spousal preferences
Authors: Tagat Anirudh , Kapoor Hansika , Kulkarni Savita
Published: September 2023

Experimental work using real married couples has shown that efficiency in intra-household allocations is influenced by information asymmetry between spouses. We conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment in rural India to test the extent to which lack of complete information on spousal preferences related to a bundle of private goods can affect allocation dynamics as well as expectations about allocations. We first show that there exist information asymmetries in spousal preferences, and that our information intervention helps reduce gendered misperception in beliefs about allocations and actual allocations, especially for men. However, information on spousal preferences does not significantly affect the final allocation decision, suggesting that husbands and wives may be responding to existing gender norms. We outline implications for experimental work on intra-household bargaining, and for policy.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Financial Shared Service, Digital Transformation and Corporate Value Creation
Authors: Wang Zujingyang
Published: September 2023

The trend of Chinese enterprises has defied the hard-hit international investment and trade activities of recent years. The scale and globalization of local enterprises continue to develop, and the enterprise management efficiency has become increasingly prominent. This paper delves into the strategic importance of FSSC in augmenting corporate value, and examines the link between digital transformation and the formation of FSSC. The introduction of FSSC and its accompanying digital technology marks a new juncture for corporate reform. Based on RBV and DCV, this paper studies the strategic significance of FSSC to enhance corporate value, and deconstructs the relationship between digital transformation and the development process of financial shared service centers. Based on the time-varying DID, 335 listed companies were selected for a quasi-natural experiment. The results showed that: (1) financial shared service centers can significantly promote the improvement of corporate value. (2) Digital transformation can promote the establishment and development of financial sharing service centers, thus promoting the improvement of corporate value. (3) The effects of FSSC and digital transformation are characterized by heterogeneity. The worth of financial shared service centers for non-state-owned and manufacturing companies is substantial. Digital transformation has a noteworthy positive moderating effect on them but has no considerable moderating effect on state-owned and non-manufacturing companies. The government ought to bolster policy direction, keep up the digital transformation of businesses, and aid them in achieving rapid financial transformation; senior executives should remain cognizant of their strategic position and strive to execute a satisfactory job of both internal and external coordination, as the research findings suggest.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effectiveness of Mixed Fuzzy Time Window Multi-objective Allocation in E-Commerce Logistics Distribution Path
Authors: Peng Juanjuan
Published: September 2023

The study of logistics distribution network under e-commerce environment is conducive to the establishment of efficient logistics distribution system, but also to promote the further development of e-commerce and improve social benefits of great significance. This study considers multiple fuzzy factors and introduces a customer fuzzy time window with variable coefficients, establishes a multi-objective set allocation integrated multi-level location path planning model, and proposes an archive type multi-objective simulated annealing improvement algorithm based on master–slave parallel framework embedded taboo search to solve the model. Tabu search and large-scale neighborhood algorithm are used to solve the initial solutions of the first level network and the second level network respectively, and archival reception criterion is introduced to deal with the multi-objective problem. The results of the proposed algorithm for the two-level site-routing problem are less than 6% different from the internationally known optimal solution. The master–slave parallel computing framework improves the efficiency of the algorithm by about 6.38%. The experimental results prove the effectiveness and necessity of the improved optimization. In addition, this study simulates the site-routing problem model constructed by the study by extending the data of standard examples. The experimental results prove the correctness and reference significance of the multilevel site-routing problem model with multiple fuzzy factors.
Alexander the Great or Būrān-Dukht: who is the true hero of theDārāb-nāmaof Ṭarsūsī?
Authors: Gaillard Marina
Published: September 2023

This article presents a new reading of theDārāb-nāma(Book of Dārāb, ca. eleventh–twelfth century), a medieval popular narrative in prose (dāstān) ascribed to the storyteller Abū Ṭāhir Ṭarsūsī. While the narrative belongs to the Persian tradition of the Alexander romance, the Alexander figure it depicts bears little resemblance to that presented in high classical verse-forms by the likes of Firdawsī, Niẓāmī, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, or Jāmī. Although still a conqueror, legitimate ruler, and champion of Islam, the Alexander of theDārāb-nāmaappears in a strongly negative light: he is lame, cowardly, and sly. In fact, most of his success he owes to his once opponent and later wife, Būrān-dukht: could she be the true hero in the story? Drawing on a critical examination of characters based on Greimas's actantial model, this study probes the authorial program and intended audience of theDārāb-nāma, and suggests the work can be read as mock-epic, possibly to cater to a Zoroastrian audience.
Seasonal changes in submarine melting mechanisms controlling frontal ablation of Hansbreen, Svalbard
Authors: Ciepły Michał , Ignatiuk Dariusz , Moskalik Mateusz , Jania Jacek , Luks Bartłomiej , Głowacki Oskar , Wojtysiak Kacper
Published: September 2023

We describe the annual pattern of frontal ablation driven by submarine melting mechanisms at the Hansbreen terminus: these are reflected in the intensity and spatial distribution of calving events. Analysis of time-lapse images of the Hansbreen front in conjunction with oceanographic and meteorological data shows that calving intensity is driven primarily by seawater temperature. Regression analysis also highlights the importance of air temperature, which we take to be a proxy for surface ablation and subglacial discharge. This, combined with seasonal changes in ice cliff tortuosity and the increasing significance of wave motion outside the ablation season, enabled us to determine seasonal changes in the mechanisms of ice cliff undercutting by submarine melting. While submarine melting controlled by estuarine circulation primarily drives frontal ablation in summer, wave-driven melting at the waterline is more important outside the ablation season. During winter, ice cliff undercutting by melting is suspended by low seawater temperature, negligible subglacial water discharge and sea-ice cover. The most intense frontal ablation, recorded in summer, was related to higher sea temperature and vigorous estuarine circulation.
Generic ill-posedness of the energy–momentum equations and differential inclusions
Authors: Duse Erik
Published: September 2023

We show that the energy–momentum equations arising from inner variations whose Lagrangian satisfies a generic symmetry condition are ill-posed. This is done by proving that there exists a subclass of Lipschitz solutions that are also solutions to a differential inclusion into the orthogonal group and in particular these solutions can be nowhere$C^1$. We prove that these solutions are not stationary points if the Lagrangian$W$is$C^1$and strictly rank-one convex. In view of the Lipschitz regularity result of Iwaniec, Kovalev and Onninen for solution of the energy–momentum equation in dimension 2, we give a sufficient condition for the non-existence of a partial$C^1$-regularity result even under the condition that the mappings satisfy a positive Jacobian determinant condition. Finally, we consider a number of well-known functionals studied in non-linear elasticity and geometric function theory and show that these do not satisfy this obstruction to partial regularity.
The origins of scientific Buddhism in nineteenth-century Thai intellectual thought
Authors: Puaksom Davisakd
Published: September 2023

This essay proposes a revisionist interpretation of the debates between Buddhists and Protestants in nineteenth-century Siam. It argues that the Buddhist–Protestant debates were different in nature from the earlier Buddhist–Catholic clashes, which were interwoven with colonial ambitions and occasionally erupted in acts of persecution against the Catholics. The debates among Protestant missionaries and the Siamese royalist elite, monks and lay literati comprised an intellectual exchange mediated by the printing press. Centred around the encapsulation and bifurcation of religiosity and modernity, the debates helped the literati readjust their epistemological position during Siam's early modern era, creating a discursive space for the emergence of a form of scientific Buddhism. The latter affirms that Buddhism not only accords with aspects of modern science but was precocious in its understanding of features such as the analysis of mental states prior to modern scientific methods. The ‘scientificity’ of Buddhism as articulated by Siamese literati had long-lasting effects on Thai intellectual life well into the twentieth century.
Accelerated brain aging as a biomarker for staging in bipolar disorder: an exploratory study
Authors: van der Markt Afra , Klumpers Ursula , Dols Annemiek , Korten Nicole , Boks Marco P. , Ophoff Roel A. , Beekman Aartjan , Kupka Ralph , van Haren Neeltje E. M. , Schnack Hugo
Published: September 2023

Background

Two established staging models outline the longitudinal progression in bipolar disorder (BD) based on episode recurrence or inter-episodic functioning. However, underlying neurobiological mechanisms and corresponding biomarkers remain unexplored. This study aimed to investigate if global and (sub)cortical brain structures, along with brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) reflect illness progression as conceptualized in these staging models, potentially identifying brain-PAD as a biomarker for BD staging.

Methods

In total, 199 subjects with bipolar-I-disorder and 226 control subjects from the Dutch Bipolar Cohort with a high-quality T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan were analyzed. Global and (sub)cortical brain measures and brain-PAD (the difference between biological and chronological age) were estimated. Associations between individual brain measures and the stages of both staging models were explored.

Results

A higher brain-PAD (higher biological age than chronological age) correlated with an increased likelihood of being in a higher stage of the inter-episodic functioning model, but not in the model based on number of mood episodes. However, after correcting for the confounding factors lithium-use and comorbid anxiety, the association lost significance. Global and (sub)cortical brain measures showed no significant association with the stages.

Conclusions

These results suggest that brain-PAD may be associated with illness progression as defined by impaired inter-episodic functioning. Nevertheless, the significance of this association changed after considering lithium-use and comorbid anxiety disorders. Further research is required to disentangle the intricate relationship between brain-PAD, illness stages, and lithium intake or anxiety disorders. This study provides a foundation for potentially using brain-PAD as a biomarker for illness progression.
Research on “native” and “non-native” English-speaking teachers: Past developments, current status, and future directions
Authors: Selvi Ali Fuad , Yazan Bedrettin , Mahboob Ahmar
Published: September 2023

Recently, we have been witnessing the emergence of scholarly interest and professional advocacy efforts centering on systemic, intersectional, fluid, and contextualized inequalities and dynamic hierarchies constructed by essentialized and idealized (non)native speakerhood (speakerism/speakering) and its personal and professional implications for English language teaching (ELT) profession(als). This critical literature review aims to portray, examine, and guide the existing scholarship focusing on a myriad of issues related to ELT professionals traditionally conceptualized as “native” and “non-native” English-speaking teachers. We come to a working conclusion that (non)native speaker/teacherhood is an epistemologically hegemonic, historically colonial, contextually enacted (perceived and/or ascribed), and dynamically experienced socio-professional phenomenon intersecting with other categories of identity (e.g., race, ethnicity, country of origin, gender, religion, sexuality/sexual orientation, social class, schooling, passport/visa status, and physical appearance, among others) in making a priori connections and assertions about individuals as language users and teachers and thereby forming discourses and practices of (in)equity, privilege, marginalization, and discrimination in ELT.
Factors Associated with the Development of High Nutrition Risk: Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Mills Christine Marie , Keller Heather H. , DePaul Vincent Gerard , Donnelly Catherine
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to determine which social network, demographic, and health-indicator variables were able to predict the development of high nutrition risk in Canadian adults at midlife and beyond, using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Multivariable binomial logistic regression was used to examine the predictors of the development of high nutrition risk at follow-up, 3 years after baseline. At baseline, 35.0 per cent of participants were at high nutrition risk and 42.2 per cent were at high risk at follow-up. Lower levels of social support, lower social participation, depression, and poor self-rated healthy aging were associated with the development of high nutrition risk at follow-up. Individuals showing these factors should be screened proactively for nutrition risk.
Factors associated with eating rate: a systematic review and narrative synthesis informed by socio-ecological model
Authors: Chen Yang , Fogel Anna , Bi Yue , Yen Ching Chiuan
Published: September 2023

Accumulating evidence shows associations between rapid eating and overweight. Modifying eating rate might be a potential weight management strategy without imposing additional dietary restrictions. A comprehensive understanding of factors associated with eating speed will help with designing effective interventions. The aim of this review was to synthesise the current state of knowledge on the factors associated with eating rate. The socio-ecological model (SEM) was utilised to scaffold the identified factors. A comprehensive literature search of eleven databases was conducted to identify factors associated with eating rate. The 104 studies that met the inclusion criteria were heterogeneous in design and methods of eating rate measurement. We identified thirty-nine factors that were independently linked to eating speed and mapped them onto the individual, social and environmental levels of the SEM. The majority of the reported factors pertained to the individual characteristics (n = 20) including demographics, cognitive/psychological factors and habitual food oral processing behaviours. Social factors (n = 11) included eating companions, social and cultural norms, and family structure. Environmental factors (n = 8) included food texture and presentation, methods of consumption or background sounds. Measures of body weight, food form and characteristics, food oral processing behaviours and gender, age and ethnicity were the most researched and consistent factors associated with eating rate. A number of other novel and underresearched factors emerged, but these require replication and further research. We highlight directions for further research in this space and potential evidence-based candidates for interventions targeting eating rate.
The Estimated Climate Impact of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption Plume
Authors: Schoeberl M. R. , Wang Y. , Ueyama R. , Dessler A. , Taha G. , Yu W.
Published: September 2023

On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HT) eruption injected SO2 and water into the middle stratosphere. The SO2 is rapidly converted to sulfate aerosols. The aerosol and water vapor anomalies have persisted in the Southern Hemisphere throughout 2022. The water vapor anomaly increases the net downward IR radiative flux whereas the aerosol layer reduces the direct solar forcing. The direct solar flux reduction is larger than the increased IR flux. Thus, the net tropospheric forcing will be negative. The changes in radiative forcing peak in July and August and diminish thereafter. Scaling to the observed cooling after the 1991 Pinatubo eruption, HT would cool the 2022 Southern Hemisphere's average surface temperatures by less than 0.037°C.
Magnesium Isotope Variations in Granite Regoliths From Two Contrasting Climates
Authors: Gao Ting , Qi Meng , Wang Zhengrong , Yin Runsheng , Liu Chengshuai , Liu Yuhui , Ke Shan , Zhao Zhi‐Qi
Published: September 2023

Magnesium (Mg) isotopes have been utilized to constrain continental weathering; however, to date, little is known about the climate effects on Mg isotope fractionation during weathering. In this study, we measured δ26Mg values of bulk regolith and exchangeable fraction in two granite regolith profiles developed under temperate, semiarid and tropical, humid climate conditions, respectively. Combined with mineralogy and element composition, we aimed to investigate how climate influences fractionation patterns of Mg isotopes during chemical weathering. At the temperate site, δ26Mg values of regolith are slightly higher than that of the bedrock and negatively correlated with τMg,Th. Correspondingly, the exchangeable Mg is characterized by low δ26Mg values. These results can be explained by the formation of small number of clay minerals. For the tropical regolith profile, δ26Mg values decrease toward the surface, and the regolith has either lower δ26Mg values above −250 cm or higher δ26Mg values below −250 cm relative to the bedrock. The δ26Mg value of exchangeable Mg is markedly lower than that of the regolith and varies significantly. These results can be explained by the mixing of Mg from solid weathering products and atmospheric deposition. The Mg from rainwater and/or marine aerosol deposit on the regolith and some may enter the crystal structure of the illite. The deposited Mg can overprint the granitic Mg, and the δ26Mg value of shallow regolith samples will reflect mixing between granitic and atmospheric sources. The compilation of our and previously published Mg isotopic data reveals the potential control of climate on Mg isotope fractionation during continental weathering.
New Index to Characterize Ionospheric Irregularity Distribution
Authors: Yizengaw Endawoke
Published: September 2023

Characterization of the global ionospheric irregularities as a function of local time, longitude, altitude, and magnetic activities is still a challenge for radio frequency operations, especially at the low‐latitude region. One of the main reasons is lack of observations due to the unevenly distributed instruments. To overcome this constraint, we developed a new spatial density gradient index (DGRI) at two different scale sizes: small scale and medium/large scale. The DGRI is derived from in situ density measurements onboard recently launched constellation of low‐Earth‐orbiting satellites (COSMIC‐2 and ICON) at the rate of 1 Hz. Hence, the DGRI appeared to be suitable parameter that can be used as a proxy to describe the essential features of ionospheric disturbances that may critically affect our radio wave application as well as to identify the “all clear” zone as a function of longitude, latitude, and local time—at a refreshment rate of 30 min or less.
Patient-specific models link neurotransmitter receptor mechanisms with motor and visuospatial axes of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Khan Ahmed Faraz , Adewale Quadri , Lin Sue-Jin , Baumeister Tobias R. , Zeighami Yashar , Carbonell Felix , Palomero-Gallagher Nicola , Iturria-Medina Yasser
Published: September 2023

Parkinson’s disease involves multiple neurotransmitter systems beyond the classical dopaminergic circuit, but their influence on structural and functional alterations is not well understood. Here, we use patient-specific causal brain modeling to identify latent neurotransmitter receptor-mediated mechanisms contributing to Parkinson’s disease progression. Combining the spatial distribution of 15 receptors from post-mortem autoradiography with 6 neuroimaging-derived pathological factors, we detect a diverse set of receptors influencing gray matter atrophy, functional activity dysregulation, microstructural degeneration, and dendrite and dopaminergic transporter loss. Inter-individual variability in receptor mechanisms correlates with symptom severity along two distinct axes, representing motor and psychomotor symptoms with large GABAergic and glutamatergic contributions, and cholinergically-dominant visuospatial, psychiatric and memory dysfunction. Our work demonstrates that receptor architecture helps explain multi-factorial brain re-organization, and suggests that distinct, co-existing receptor-mediated processes underlie Parkinson’s disease.
High-performance cost efficient simultaneous wireless information and power transfers deploying jointly modulated amplifying programmable metasurface
Authors: Wang Xin , Han Jia Qi , Li Guan Xuan , Xia De Xiao , Chang Ming Yang , Ma Xiang Jin , Xue Hao , Xu Peng , Li Rui Jie , Zhang Kun Yi , Liu Hai Xia , Li Long , Cui Tie Jun
Published: September 2023

Programmable metasurfaces present significant capabilities in manipulating electromagnetic waves, making them a promising candidate for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), which has the potential to enable sustainable wireless communication in complex electromagnetic environments. However, challenges remain in terms of maximum power transmission distance and stable phase manipulation with high-power scattered waves. Additionally, waveform limitations restrict average scattered power and rectifier conversion efficiency, affecting data transmission rates and energy transmission distance. Here we show an amplifying programmable metasurface (APM) and a joint modulation method to address these challenges. The APM mitigates the peak-to-average power ratio and improves maximum power, phase response stability, average output power, and rectifier conversion efficiency. Through experimental validation, we demonstrate the feasibility of the SWIPT system, showcasing simultaneous LED array powering and movie video transmission. This innovative SWIPT system holds promise for diverse applications, including 6 G wireless communications, IoT, implanted devices, and cognitive radio networks.
Observation of non-superconducting phase changes in nitrogen doped lutetium hydrides
Authors: Xing Xiangzhuo , Wang Chao , Yu Linchao , Xu Jie , Zhang Chutong , Zhang Mengge , Huang Song , Zhang Xiaoran , Liu Yunxian , Yang Bingchao , Chen Xin , Zhang Yongsheng , Guo Jiangang , Shi Zhixiang , Ma Yanming , Chen Changfeng , Liu Xiaobing
Published: September 2023

The recent report of near-ambient superconductivity and associated color changes in pressurized nitrogen doped lutetium hydride has triggered worldwide interest and raised major questions about the nature and underlying physics of these latest claims. Here we report synthesis and characterization of high-purity nitrogen doped lutetium hydride LuH2±xNy. We find that pressure conditions have notable effects on Lu-N and Lu-NH chemical bonding and the color changes likely stem from pressure-induced electron redistribution of nitrogen/vacancies and interaction with the LuH2framework. No superconducting transition is found in all the phases at temperatures 1.8-300 K and pressures 0-38 GPa. Instead, we identify a notable temperature-induced resistance anomaly of electronic origin in LuH2±xNy, which is most pronounced in the pink phase and may have been erroneously interpreted as a sign of superconducting transition. This work establishes key benchmarks for nitrogen doped lutetium hydrides, allowing an in-depth understanding of its novel pressure-induced phase changes.
Mending cracks atom-by-atom in rutile TiO2 with electron beam radiolysis
Authors: Guo Silu , Yun Hwanhui , Nair Sreejith , Jalan Bharat , Mkhoyan K. Andre
Published: September 2023

Rich electron-matter interactions fundamentally enable electron probe studies of materials such as scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Inelastic interactions often result in structural modifications of the material, ultimately limiting the quality of electron probe measurements. However, atomistic mechanisms of inelastic-scattering-driven transformations are difficult to characterize. Here, we report direct visualization of radiolysis-driven restructuring of rutile TiO2 under electron beam irradiation. Using annular dark field imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy signals, STEM probes revealed the progressive filling of atomically sharp nanometer-wide cracks with striking atomic resolution detail. STEM probes of varying beam energy and precisely controlled electron dose were found to constructively restructure rutile TiO2 according to a quantified radiolytic mechanism. Based on direct experimental observation, a “two-step rolling” model of mobile octahedral building blocks enabling radiolysis-driven atomic migration is introduced. Such controlled electron beam-induced radiolytic restructuring can be used to engineer novel nanostructures atom-by-atom.
Water-energy nexus in a desalination-based water sector: the impact of electricity load shedding programs
Authors: Salomons Elad , Housh Mashor , Katz David , Sela Lina
Published: September 2023

Reliance on water production by desalination as a solution to water scarcity is growing worldwide. High energy demands of seawater desalination raise new challenges for both water and energy management and highlight the importance of understanding the operational dependencies of the water sector on energy supplies. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of the water-energy nexus in a desalination-based water sector, using Israel as a case study. Being large energy consumers, desalination plants are part of the Electricity Load Shedding Program (ELSP), which government energy regulators invoke in times of energy shortage. We focus on the interdependency between the two sectors as manifested at the time of ELSP utilization during an extreme heat wave. We show that energy shedding compensation is 6 to 14 times greater than the economic loss to the desalination plant from no water production, creating an obvious economic incentive to participate in ELSPs. However, this imbalance has a substantial negative impact on the water sector, which may compromise the level of service. Our evaluation concludes that the government authorities regulating water and energy need an official mechanism and policy for joint management strategies that can ensure economic efficiency and reduce the risk of power and water shortages during extreme events.
Aquaculture 4.0: hybrid neural network multivariate water quality parameters forecasting model
Authors: Eze Elias , Kirby Sam , Attridge John , Ajmal Tahmina
Published: September 2023

This study examined the efficiency of hybrid deep neural network and multivariate water quality forecasting model in aquaculture ecosystem. Accurate forecasting of critical water quality parameters can allow for timely identification of possible problem areas and enable decision-makers to take pre-emptive remedial actions that can significantly improve water quality management in aquaculture industry. A novel hybrid deep learning neural network multivariate water quality parameters forecasting model is developed with the aid of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method, deep learning long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network (NN), and multivariate linear regression (MLR) method. The presented water quality forecasting model (shortened as EEMD–MLR–LSTM NN model) is developed using multivariate time-series water quality sensor data collected from Loch Duart company, a Salmon offshore aquaculture farm based around Scourie, northwest Scotland. The performance of the novel hybrid water quality forecasting model is validated by comparing the forecast result with measured water quality parameters data and the real Phytoplankton data count from the aquaculture farm. The forecast accuracy of the results suggests that the novel hybrid water quality forecasting model can be used as a valuable support tool for water quality management in aquaculture industries.