bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Museus: Engajamento e colaboração
Authors: Mantovani Maria Ignes
Published: October 2019

Until recently, plan actions in a museum was to gather content, and objects trigger a significant volume of information and collections to be exhibited for public enjoyment through exhibitions, educational activities, ultimately aimed at different public programs. Our commitment was to bring to light collections asleep in technical reserves, arrange them in an interesting way, fulfilling a chronological or thematic script, add them a lot of historical, scientific or artistic relevant information, and wait for our audience seize the entire data volume we offer them.
Gradually, waves of unrest and irreverent questioning were ravaging the day to day of museums and, somehow, they were showing us that the senses should be multiple, plural.
The progress of audience studies, the advent of the internet and the scope of social media, among other social and global changes of relevance, scoured the museum world so radically that it is imperative that we reflect, relax and prepare for a new time, which has now come to the museum turns into an increasingly space-forum, a territory of experiences, , shares and innovation.
This text seeks to discuss some aspects of museum-forum, the museum who cares to search, to ask, to listen, to discuss, to share, to seek, to contribute to building a more just, pluralistic society, more worthy, truer, and therefore inclusive. This is the essence that should guide the museological action, committed to the reality in which the museum operates with the society that gives it meaning, with the actions that the community elects, the practices that she recognizes as her and decides to encode and perpetuated for the future.

Key words: Sharing; participation; collaboration; innovation; museology;
Uma reflexão sobre o processo de musealização: o patrimônio imaterial nos espaços museais
Authors: Jesus Priscila
Published: October 2019

This article aims to raise, questions about the musealization of intangible heritage and the use of new technologies in the exhibition process. Through an approach that seeks to bring the history of museums, this article makes an inquiry about the social role of museums in bringing visitors issues that permeate the reality of the social group in which it is inserted.

Keywords: musealization, Intangible Heritage, Orality, New Technologies.
منهج فقهاء ليبيا في الإفتاء الشيخ العلامة محمد مفتاح قريو المصراتي وجوابه في مسألة أجرة العمال والصناع ممن يدفع لهم من القروض المصرفية التي اقترضها بالفائدة الربوية، أنموذجاً
Authors: شيرة محمد
Published: October 2019

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على المبعوث رحمة للعالمين:
وبعد فإن لفقهائنا الليبيين القدم الراسخة في مجال الفتيا، فلم يخض أحدهم غمار مسألة معينة إلا وكان له تأصيله السليم وقدرته الفائقة على استنباط الأحكام من أدلتها، لإدراكهم وسرعة فطانتهم وفهمهم للنصوص وملكتهم القوية على حفظ ما يمرون به من المسائل والقواعد خلال دراستهم ومدارستهم لكتب من سبقهم من العلماء الكرام، وهذا مثال جلي يدل على قوة الحفظ وسرعة الفهم والاستنباط للأحكام الشرعية ( فتوى الشيخ الفاضل محمد مفتاح قريو رحمه الله وأسكنه فسيح جنانه) عرضت عليه سؤال فأجاب السائل من فوره ولم يتلكأ، وعندما طلبت الإجابة منه مدلَّلَة مكتوبة أعدها كما أجاب السائل الأول دون تغيير في الفتوى، وإنما ذكر أدلتها لزيادت التوثيق لما قاله من حفظه رحمه الله، ولذى من الواجب علينا إخراج مؤلفاتهم وفتاويهم من أرفف المكتبات المرقونة إلى ساحة العلم والعلماء ليقدروا قدرهم ويعطوا حقهم، واخترت مسألة تقاضي العمَّال والصناع أجرتهم ممن يدفع لهم من القروض المصرفية التي اقترضها بالفائدة الربوية، كأنموذج لما لهذه المسألة من أهمية في وقتنا الراهن لكثرة هذه القروض وكثرة سؤال الناس عن التعامل مع من يأخذها، أي للحاجة الماسة لهذه المسألة، ولإظهار قدرات علمائنا العلمية رحمهم الله جميعاً
المشكلات التي تواجه طلبة التطبيقات التربوية "عملي" من وجهة نظرهم
Authors: اندش حميدة
Published: October 2019

يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة المشكلات التي تواجه طلبة التطبيقات التربوية "عملي" من وجهة نظرهم ، ومن أجل تحقيق هدف البحث قامت الباحثة بإعداد استبانة استطلاعية لبعض طلبة قسم التربية ، وذلك من خلال الإجابة على السؤال الآتي:-
-ماهي المشكلات التي تواجه طلبة التطبيقات التربوية "عملي" من وجهة نظرهم؟
تكون مجتمع البحث من طلبة قسم التربية للفصل الدراسي ربيع (2015-2016) البالغ عددهم (27) طالب وطالبة.
ومن أجل تحقيق أهداف البحث قامت الباحثة بإعداد استبانة تحتوي على(30) فقرة وعرضت على مجموعة من المحكمين للتأكد من صدقها ، وتم حساب معامل الثبات باستخدام معامل ألفا كرونباخ ، حيث بلغ معامل الثبات لعينة الطلبة (0.98) وللوصول إلى النتائج استخدمت الباحثة الوسائل الإحصائية الأتية: المتوسط الحسابي ،الانحراف المعياري.
وقد أظهرت نتائج البحث أن أكثر المشكلات التي تواجه طلبة التطبيقات التربوية "عملي" هي كالتالي:-
- قلة توافر الوسائل التعليمية في المدرسة، ضعف ثقة إدارة المدرسة بقدرات الطلبة، اختلاف آراء المشرفين حول طريقة التحضير وتخطيطها وعرضها، قلة الوقت الذي يقضيه المشرف مع الطلبة أثناء تدريبهم بالمنفصلة، وجود عدد كبير من التلاميذ في الصف الواحد، قلة وجود لقاءات دورية بين مدراء المدارس والمشرفين الأكاديميين في الكلية، صعوبة استجابة التلاميذ لتوجيهات الطلبة داخل الصف، ، قلة مساعدة معلم المدرسة للطلبة في كيفية التخطيط للدروس اليومية، قلة وجود أداة موضوعية لتقويم الطلبة المتدربين، الشعور بالخوف عند زيارة المشرف الأكاديمي لغرفة الصف، الوقت المخصص للتطبيق في المدارس غير كافي ، كما أظهرت نتائج البحث أن أقل المشكلات التي تواجه طلبة التطبيقات التربوية "عملي" هي كالتالي:-
- قلة استقرار جدول الدروس الأسبوعي في المدرسة، قلة توفر المواصلات للطالبات للمدارس المطبق فيها التدريب العلمي، ضعف تقبل المشرف الأكاديمي لوجهات نظر الطلبة المتدربين، اقتصار المشرف في تقويم الطلبة على زيارة واحدة أو زيارتين، غياب الطلبة عن برنامج التطبيقات التربوية، قلة وجود حضور المشرف بالموعد المحد
Children’s Perception and Belief about Medicines: Effectiveness and Its Autonomy
Authors: Syofyan Syofyan , Dachriyanus Dachriyanus , Masrul Masrul , Rasyid Rosfita
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: The use of medicines in children is usually always under the supervision of parents. Children are considered not to understand the concept of medicine properly. Children's perceptions of medicine are mostly formed from everyday experience. This can have an impact on children's beliefs about medicines which they are also required to be active and rational medicine users.
AIM: This study aims to look at children's perceptions and beliefs about medicines, especially in the perspective of medicine efficacy and children's autonomy in using them.
METHOD: The study was conducted with an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach using a questionnaire instrument in grade V elementary school children in Padang City, Indonesia. The total sample size obtained was 503 students.
RESULTS: Children still think that medicine efficacy is influenced by taste, colour, size, medicine price, a place to buy medicine and how to get medication. 10.1% of children have stored the medicine at home, and 48.5% of children always depends on waited for their parents when they wanted to take medicine. Regarding children's access to medicines, 11.5% of children have bought their own over-the-counter medicine to a pharmacy or medicine store without the parents' knowledge. 31.4% of children have taken medicine at home without the parents' knowledge.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that children's perceptions of medicine efficacy are still very limited. Even though the child has used the medicine alone in a limited way, the child's autonomy in using the medicine still needs to be monitored by the parent. Therefore, this is the reason for the need for medical education given to children, especially in schools as an integral part of health education.
Case Series of Pre-Operative Endovascular Embolization of Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Using Polyvinyl Alcohol Foam Particle: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Amran Muhammad Yunus , Bahar Ashari
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma is a rare neoplasm in the sphenopalatine foramen. This tumour is histologically benign, but clinically malignant because it can erode the bone and surrounding structures, such as the pterygopalatine fossa, paranasal sinuses, and nasal cavity. It is a highly vascular tumour, sometimes from multiple Feeding arteries, and tends to bleed easily.
CASE PRESENTATION: In these cases, series, we reported four cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in children and one case in an elderly patient. The diagnosis was made by history taking, physical examination and Cerebral MSCT Angiography, as well as Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). After identification of the Feeding artery, we performed transarterial embolisation using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foam particles.
CONCLUSION: Preoperative embolisation in the highly vascular tumour, such as nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, is very useful to reduce peri-operative complication of surgery. This procedure can reduce blood loss during resection of the tumour and gives better outcomes.
Synthesis, growth, structural, optical and electrical properties of novel organic single crystal: p-toluidinium salicylate
Authors: Suresh Shanmugam , Mohideen M. Nizam , Vinitha G. , Kumar R. Mohan
Published: October 2019

A novel organic single crystal of p-toluidinium salicylate (PTSA) was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The structure of grown crystal was determined from the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The functional groups existing in PTSA crystal were accomplished by using Fourier transform infrared analysis. The optical transparency and band gap energy were estimated by utilizing the UV-Visible spectrum. Photoluminescence spectral studies revealed the photon excitation. The dielectric behavior of PTSA was investigated for different frequencies in a room temperature (308 K) environment. Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ3) of PTSA crystal was elucidated by Z-scan measurements.
An inconvenient routine: introduction, establishment and spread of new non-native fishes in the Paraíba do Sul River basin, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Magalhães André Lincoln Barroso , Brito Marcelo Fulgêncio Guedes , Sarrouh Boutros
Published: October 2019

This study updates the introduction of non-native fishes Nannostomus beckfordi, Aphyocharax anisitsi, Knodus moenkhausii, Moenkhausia costae, Ancistrus multispinis and Astronotus ocellatus in the largest ornamental aquaculture center located in Paraíba do Sul River basin, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. There is evidence that all species are established and that some are spreading to a reservoir in the region. Management actions such as awareness campaigns to educate fish farmers and the inspection of fish farms carried out by IBAMA officials are suggested to avoid new introductions and spread.
New species of Xiphoscelis Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) from arid regions of South Africa and Namibia
Authors: Perissinotto Renzo , Šípek Petr
Published: October 2019

Two new species of the southern African genusXiphoscelisBurmeister, 1842 are recognised and described,X. braunsisp. nov.from the Eastern and Western Cape Karoo (South Africa) andX. namibicasp. nov.from the Huns Mountains of southern Namibia and adjacent ranges in South Africa. These were previously overlooked and grouped together withX. schuckardiBurmeister, 1842, but further material and more in-depth analyses have now revealed their clear separation on the basis of key diagnostic features, including clypeal structure, metatibial spur development and aedeagal shape. The densely and coarsely costate elytral structure and the black to brown colour of these species are symplesiomorphies shared with a number of the most primitive genera among the African Cetoniinae. However, these characters also reflect the convergent adaptation to hot and arid conditions they share with several other species occurring in this region. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus with other Cetoniinae are explored using the larval characters highlighted in the description of the 3rdinstar larva ofX. braunsisp. nov.The extraordinary hypertrophy observed in the male metatibial spur of species in this genus, and particularly inX. schuckardi, appears to represent a defence mechanism against potential predators on the ground, apart from playing a role during mating.
Aiming at reproducibility in lining canvas paintings
Authors: Idelson Antonio Iaccarino , Garofalo Valerio
Published: October 2019

This paper describes a process started in 2011 with the use of the “mist lining” technique for a large painting by Titian, conserved in Venice uncontrolled environment. After several experiences with a specific version of the method, Valerio Garofalo’s research thesis helped the standardisation of lining procedures aiming to obtain predictable, reproducible results. This was achieved through the production of a large quantity of mock-up painting linings and samples for peel tests. The bond created with a viscoelastic adhesive appears stronger with high speed testing, if compared with the same at a lower speed, but literature shows high variability of peel speeds. Preliminary tests with different speeds for Plextol B500 allowed to compare results with literature data. The study gives a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in adhesion when lining with this method.
Análise cartográfica da eleição presidencial de 2018
Authors: Théry Hervé
Published: October 2019

Os resultados da eleição presidencial de 28 de outubro de 2018 são analisados por meio de cartografia temática, após o processamento de vários tipos de dados, obtidos de fontes oficiais e não oficiais, variáveis e indicadores tradicionais ou mais inovadores. Análises multivariadas (análise fatorial e de cluster) são utilizadas para a elaboração de sínteses cartográficas. Os mapas são, então, interpretados, comentados e vinculados às estruturas elementares do território (Théry, 1986) ainda válidas porque nada é mais resiliente do que essas estruturas fundamentais. Sua combinação explica a complexidade observada e sua dinâmica, enquanto contradições e conflitos territoriais, também são identificados durante a espacialização dos dados.
Compressive Behaviour of Laminated Neoprene Bridge Bearing Pads under Thermal Aging Condition
Authors: Zhang Yan Nian , Xie Jun
Published: October 2019

The present study was conducted to obtain a better understanding of the variation rule of mechanical properties of laminated neoprene bridge bearing pads under thermal aging condition using compression tests. A total of 5 specimens were processed in a high-temperature chamber. After that, the specimens were tested subjected to axial load. The parameter mainly considered time of thermal aging processing for specimens. The results of compression tests show that the specimens after thermal aging processing are more probably brittle failure than the standard specimen. Moreover, the exposure of steel plate, cracks and other failure phenomena are more serious than the standard specimen. The compressive capacity, ultimate compressive strength, compressive elastic modulus of the laminated neoprene bridge bearing pads decreased dramatically with the increasing in the aging time of thermal aging processing. The attenuation trends of ultimate compressive strength, compressive elastic modulus of laminated neoprene bridge bearing pads under thermal aging condition accord with power function. The attenuation models are acquired by regressing data of experiment with the least square method. The attenuation models conform to reality well which shows that this model is applicable and has vast prospect in assessing the performance of laminated neoprene bridge bearing pads under thermal aging condition.
Improve Light Weight Concrete Characteristics by Adding Paraffin Wax as Moisture Proof
Authors: Raheem Shamel Abdul , Saheb Majeed Abdul , Moula Hayder Hussein , Maula Baydaa Hussain , Alshreefi Ruaa Adnan , Bahnam Qais Mikhael
Published: October 2019

The development of structural materials used in the building process is certainly subject to the local and temporal potentials and to how the extent to which the human thought made in the scientific and industrial field. Where the constructional methods that depend on pottery, bricks were and still essentially adopted. The advanced human thought attempted making more efforts to find constructional materials of certain specifications. Porous concrete Light Weight Concrete (LWC) is considered a good alternative constructional material in addition to its light weight and good thermal isolation. It is currently used in Iraq as concrete block to form breakers only. This research includes essential information about LWC and developing it through the adding paraffin wax to generate a material of high moisture isolation, low absorption rate and high bearing for compressive forces especially after overflowing it with wax.
Influence of Coating on Mechanical Performance of Lap-Spliced Carbon Fiber-Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM)
Authors: Truong Gia Toai , Dinh Ngoc Hieu , Park Sang Hyun , Lee Seung Jae , Kim Joo Young , Choi Kyoung Kyu
Published: October 2019

In this study, the effect of coating methods in the lap splice area on mechanical performance of lap-spliced carbon textile reinforced mortar (TRM) composites was investigated. The coating methods included textile reinforcement coated with epoxy, textile reinforcement coated with aluminum oxide powder and epoxy, and textile reinforcement coated with aluminum oxide powder, epoxy, and carbon fiber fabrics. It appears that the coated specimens showed higher peak strength and ultimate strain than those of the uncoated one.
Violent behaviors and Klinefelter syndrome: Two forensic cases from the past to the future
Authors: Aquila Isabella , Sacco Matteo Antonio , Scalise Carmen , Savastano Salvatore , Iezzi Irene , Sirianni Miriam , De Fazio Pasquale , Ricci Pietrantonio
Published: October 2019

Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) (XXY) is the most common sex-chromosome aberration among men. The cognitive phenotype includes language learning problems, mental retardation, and psychiatric disorders. Patients can show criminal personality and psychosocial problems. The most common offences reported are sexual abuse, arson, burglary, homicide, drug-related crimes. KS very often goes under-diagnosed. The aim of our study is to verify the hypothesis of correlation between chromosomal abnormalities and criminal behaviors through the analysis of a forensic case of uxoricide/suicide. We report the case of an old man, found dead in his cottage with a gun in the right hand. Judicial inspection demonstrated suicidal single gunshot injuries. Data analysis highlighted a personal story of uxoricide. Autopsy investigation showed the typical KS phenotype. The post-mortem clinical diagnosis was confirmed through the genetic analysis of the karyotype. The retrospective analysis of literature with this case showed a possible correlation between KS and psychiatric traits, with criminal personality and sexual disorders.
Use of drugs for personal consumption and sociological analysis of today's world. A proposal /
Authors: Puricelli José Luis
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we analyze the Project of Reform of the Criminal Code of Argentina, which proposes the decriminalization of the use of drugs for personal consumption under two requirements: that it is a small amount of narcotics and that the conduct is carried out privately, without transcendence to third parties. In addition to the precedents of the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation that we analyzed, we have also made a detailed study of the technological and sociological reality of today's world, which to a greater or lesser extent reaches the majority of western societies and how these changes, which entail another of the great historical revolutions such as the industrial one, influence the current life and alter the behavior of individuals.
Effects of living in the same region as one’s workplace on the total fertility rate of working women in Korea
Authors: Kim Yeon-Yong , Kang Hee-Jin , Ha Seongjun , Park Jong Heon
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES: The lowest-low fertility status of Korea has continued for the past 17 years despite governmental efforts to encourage childbirth. As the number of working women has increased, their residence patterns have changed; however, the impact of this factor has yet to be explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of residence patterns relative to the workplace on the total fertility rate of working women.METHODS: Information on eligibility and healthcare utilization was obtained from the National Health Information Database between 2011 and 2015. The study participants were working women aged 15-49 years. We classified their residence relative to their workplace into 3 patterns: same municipality, same province, and different province. The total fertility rate was calculated and logistic regression was performed of childbirth according to residence pattern, adjusting for age, insurance contribution quartile, size of the workplace, year of birth, and province of residence.RESULTS: The total fertility rates of working women from 2011 to 2015 were 1.091, 1.139, 1.048, 1.073, and 1.103, respectively. The total fertility rate by residence pattern was highest in women residing in the same municipality as their workplace. After adjustment, the odds of childbirth in women from the same municipality and the same province were 21.6% and 16.0% higher than those of women residing in a different province, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The total fertility rate was higher among women living near their workplace. Therefore, effective policy measures should be taken to promote the proximity of working women’s workplace and residence.
Изопериметрические неравенства для высших собственных значений оператора Лапласа-Бельтрами на поверхностях
Authors: Penskoi Alexei Viktorovich
Published: October 2019

Обсуждаются недавние достижения в получении изопериметрических неравенств для высших собственных значений оператора Лапласа-Бельтрами на сфере и проективной плоскости.
О теоремах сложения, связанных с эллиптическими интегралами
Authors: Bakuradze Malhaz Revazovich , Vershinin Vladimir Valentinovich
Published: October 2019

Представлены формулы для компонент формального группового закона Бухштабера и его экспоненты над кольцом $\mathbb Q[p_1,p_2,p_3,p_4]$. Это дает теорему сложения для общего эллиптического интеграла $\int _0^x dt/R(t)$, где $R(t)=\sqrt {1+p_1t+p_2t^2+p_3t^3+p_4t^4}$. Исследование мотивировано теоремой Эйлера о сложении для эллиптических интегралов первого рода.
Компактификации пространства $\mathcal M_{0,n}$, связанные с самодвойственными по Александеру комплексами: кольца Чжоу, $\psi $-классы и числа пересечения
Authors: Nekrasov Ilia Igorevich , Panina Gaiane Yur'evna
Published: October 2019

С каждым самодвойственным по Александеру симплициальным комплексом связана компактификация пространства $\mathcal M_{0,n}$, называемая ASD-компактификацией, которая является гладким алгебраическим многообразием. ASD-компактификации включают в себя (помимо других) пространства многоугольников, или конфигурационные пространства шарнирных многоугольников. В работе дается явное описание кольца Чжоу ASD-компактификации. Далее исследуется аналог тавтологических расслоений Концевича, находятся их классы Черна, старшие пересечения классов Черна и выводится рекурсия для чисел пересечения.
О высших произведениях Масси и рациональной формальности момент-угол-многообразий над мультивставками
Authors: Limonchenko Ivan Yur'evich
Published: October 2019

Найдены условия на мультиградуированные числа Бетти симплициального комплекса $K$, гарантирующие существование высшего произведения Масси в когомологиях момент-угол-комплекса $\mathcal Z_K$, причем это произведение будет содержать единственный элемент (однозначно определенное произведение). С помощью конструкции симплициальной мультивставки найдено семейство $\mathcal F$ полиэдральных произведений, являющихся гладкими замкнутыми многообразиями, такое, что для любых $l,r\geq 2$ имеется $l$-связное многообразие $M\in \mathcal F$ с нетривиальным однозначно определенным $r$-местным произведением Масси в $H^*(M)$. В качестве приложения в гомологической алгебре построен класс триангулированных сфер $K$ такой, что определено нетривиальное высшее произведение Масси любого наперед заданного порядка в гомологиях Кошуля их колец Стенли-Райснера. В качестве приложения в рациональной теории гомотопий найден комбинаторный критерий того, что простой граф $\Gamma $ дает (рационально) формальное обобщенное момент-угол-многообразие $\mathcal Z_P^J=(\underline {D}^{2j_i},\underline {S}^{2j_i-1})^{\partial P^*}$, $J=(j_1,…,j_m)$, над граф-ассоциэдром $P=P_{\Gamma }$, а также вычислены диффеоморфные типы всех формальных момент-угол-многообразий над граф-ассоциэдрами.
Belgium
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Bangladesh
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
A Review of the Fund's External Communications Strategy
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This paper reviews implementation of the Fund’s external communications strategy and suggests issues that the Board may wish to discuss at its third meeting since 1998 on the subject. The strategy has been shaped by the previous Board discussions and more recent decisions and discussions on transparency, conditionality, PRSP/PRGF, the Independent Evaluation Office, and other issues. This paper represents more of a stocktaking than a fundamental reconsideration of the Fund’s approach to external communications. It examines the progress made in recent years and steps that might be taken with current resources to increase the effectiveness of the strategy.
The Balance of Payments Impact of the Food and Fuel Price Shocks on Low-Income African Countries
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

This note discusses the implications of the price shocks for the balance of payments of low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The response by bilateral donors and multilateral institutions will, in practice, need to be country-specific. To this end, the note identifies a list of 18 countries in the region that are especially hard-hit and that consequently face a pressing need for additional balance of payments and budget support. The list reflects country circumstances and underlying assumptions as of May, and is subject to change; it is not meant to be definitive.
Evolving Monetary Policy Frameworks in Low-Income and Other Developing Countries
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

Over the past two decades, many low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMICs) have improved control over fiscal policy, liberalized and deepened financial markets, and stabilized inflation at moderate levels. Monetary policy frameworks that have helped achieve these ends are being challenged by continued financial development and increased exposure to global capital markets. Many policymakers aspire to move beyond the basics of stability to implement monetary policy frameworks that better anchor inflation and promote macroeconomic stability and growth.

Many of these LLMICs are thus considering and implementing improvements to their monetary policy frameworks. The recent successes of some LLMICs and the experiences of emerging and advanced economies, both early in their policy modernization process and following the global financial crisis, are valuable in identifying desirable features of such frameworks.

This paper draws on those lessons to provide guidance on key elements of effective monetary policy frameworks for LLMICs.
Estimating background contributions and US anthropogenic enhancements to maximum ozone concentrations in the northern US
Authors: Parrish David D. , Ennis Christine A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. US ambient ozone concentrations have two components:
US background ozone and enhancements produced from the country's
anthropogenic precursor emissions. Only the enhancements effectively respond
to national emission controls. We investigate the temporal evolution and
spatial variability in the largest ozone concentrations, i.e., those that
define the ozone design value (ODV) upon which the National Ambient Air
Quality Standard (NAAQS) is based, within the northern tier of US states.
We focus on two regions: rural western states, with only small anthropogenic
precursor emissions, and the urbanized northeastern states, which include
the New York City urban area, the nation's most populated. The US
background ODV (i.e., the ODV remaining if US anthropogenic precursor
emissions were reduced to zero) is estimated to vary from 54 to 63 ppb in
the rural western states and to be smaller and nearly constant (45.8±3.0 ppb) throughout the northeastern states. These US background
ODVs correspond to 65 % to 90 % of the 2015 NAAQS of 70 ppb. Over the past
2 to 3 decades US emission control efforts have decreased the US
anthropogenic ODV enhancements at an approximately exponential rate, with an
e-folding time constant of ∼22 years. These ODV enhancements
are relatively large in the northeastern US, with state maximum ODV
enhancements of ∼35–64 ppb in 2000, but are not discernible
in the rural western states. The US background ODV contribution is
significantly larger than the present-day ODV enhancements due to
photochemical production from US anthropogenic precursor emissions in the
urban as well as the rural regions investigated. Forward projections of past
trends suggest that average maximum ODVs in northeastern US will drop
below the NAAQS of 70 ppb by about 2021, assuming that the exponential
decrease in the ODV enhancements can be maintained and the US background
ODV remains constant. This estimate is much more optimistic than in the Los
Angeles urban area, where a similar approach estimates the maximum ODV to reach 70 ppb in ∼2050 (Parrish et al., 2017a). The primary
reason for this large difference is the significantly higher US ODV
background (62.0±2.0 ppb) estimated for the Los Angeles urban area.
The approach used in this work has some unquantified uncertainties that are
discussed. Models can also estimate US background ODVs; some of those
results are shown to correlate with the observationally based estimates
derived here (r2 values for different models are ∼0.31
to 0.90), but they are on average systematically lower by 4 to 13 ppb.
Further model improvement is required until their output can accurately
reproduce the time series and spatial variability in observed ODVs. Ideally,
the uncertainties in the model and observationally based approaches can then
be reduced through additional comparisons.
Impacts of Enhanced Weathering on biomass production for negative emission technologies and soil hydrology
Authors: de Oliveira Garcia Wagner , Amann Thorben , Hartmann Jens , Karstens Kristine , Popp Alexander , Boysen Lena R. , Smith Pete , Goll Daniel
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Limiting global mean temperature changes to well below 2 °C likely requires a rapid and large-scale deployment of Negative Emission Technologies (NETs). Assessments so far showed a high potential for biomass based terrestrial NETs, but only few included effects of the commonly found nutrient deficient soils on biomass production. Here, we investigate the deployment of Enhanced Weathering (EW) to supply nutrients to phosphorus (P) deficient areas of Afforestation/Reforestation and naturally growing forests (AR) and bio-energy grasses (BG), besides the impacts on soil hydrology. Using stoichiometric ratios and biomass estimates from two established vegetation models, we calculated the nutrient demand of AR and BG. By comparing the inferred AR P demand to different geogenic P supply scenarios, we estimated that 3–98 Gt C of the predicted biomass accumulation cannot be realized due to insufficient soil P supply for an AR scenario considering natural N supply. An amount of 2–362 Gt basalt powder applied by EW would be needed to cover P gaps and completely sequester projected amounts of 190 Gt C during years 2006–2099. The potential carbon sequestration by EW is 0.6–97.8 Gt CO2 for the same scenario. For BG, 8 kg basalt m−2 a−1 might, on average, replenish the exported K and P by harvest. Using pedotransfer functions, we show that the impacts of basalt powder application on soil hydraulic conductivity and plant available water, for closing predicted P gaps, would depend on basalt and soil texture, but in general the impacts are marginal. We show that EW could potentially close the projected P gaps of an AR scenario, and exported nutrients by BG harvest, which would decrease or replace the use of industrial fertilizers. Besides that, EW ameliorates soil capacity to retain nutrients, soil pH, and renew soil nutrient pools. Last, EW applications could improve plant available water capacity depending on deployed amounts of rock powder – adding a new dimension to the coupling of land-based biomass NETs with EW.
Marine carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon disulfide (CS2): a
compilation of measurements in seawater and the marine
boundary layer
Authors: Lennartz Sinikka T. , Marandino Christa A. , von Hobe Marc , Andreae Meinrat O. , Aranami Kazushi , Atlas Elliot , Berkelhammer Max , Bingemer Heinz , Booge Dennis , Cutter Gregory , Cortes Pau , Kremser Stefanie , Law Cliff , Marriner Andrew , Simó Rafel , Quack Birgit , Uher Günther , Xie Huixiang , Xu Xiaobin
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) are volatile sulfur gases that are naturally formed in seawater and exchanged with the atmosphere. OCS is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere, and CS2 is its most important precursor. They have gained interest due to their direct (OCS) or indirect (CS2 via oxidation to OCS) contribution to the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer. Furthermore, OCS serves as a proxy to constrain terrestrial CO2 uptake by vegetation. Oceanic emissions of both gases contribute a major part to their atmospheric concentration. Here we present a database of previously published and unpublished, mainly ship-borne measurements in seawater and the marine boundary layer for both gases, available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.905430 (Lennartz et al., 2019). The database contains original measurements as well as data digitalized from figures in publications from 42 measurement campaigns, i.e. cruises or time series stations, ranging from 1982 to 2019. OCS data cover all ocean basins except for the Arctic Ocean, as well as all months of the year, while the CS2 dataset shows large gaps in spatial and temporal coverage. Concentrations are consistent across different sampling and analysis techniques for OCS. The database is intended to support the identification of global spatial and temporal patterns and to facilitate the evaluation of model simulations.
3D dynamics of the Southeastern North Sea, effects of variable
resolution
Authors: Kuznetsov Ivan , Androsov Alexey , Fofonova Vera , Danilov Sergey , Rakowsky Natalja , Harig Sven , Wiltshire Karen Helen
Published: October 2019

Abstract. A newly developed coastal model FESOM-C based on three-dimensional unstructured meshes and finite volume is applied to simulate dynamics of the southeastern part of the North Sea. Variable horizontal resolution enables using meshes that are coarse in the open sea but refined in the shallow areas (which include the Wadden Sea and the estuaries) to resolve important small-scale process (such as wetting and drying, sub-mesoscales eddies and dynamics of steep coastal fronts). Model results for the simulation for the period between January 2010 and December 2014 agree reasonably well with data from numerous autonomous observation stations with high temporal and spatial resolution, located in the region, data from ferry boxes and glider expeditions. The analysis of numerical solution convergence on meshes with different horizontal resolutions allows identifying areas where high mesh resolution (wetting and drying zones, shallow areas) and low mesh resolution (open boundary, open sea, and deep regions) are optimal for numerical simulations.
Using location-based social network data for activity intensity analysis: A case study of New York City
Authors: Laman Haluk , Yasmin Shamsunnahar , Eluru Naveen
Published: October 2019

Location-based social networks (LBSN) are social media sites where users check-in at venues and share content linked to their geo-locations. LBSN, considered to be a novel data source, contain valuable information for urban planners and researchers. While earlier research efforts focused either on disaggregate patterns or aggregate analysis of social and temporal attributes, no attempt has been made to relate the data to transportation planning outcomes. To that extent, the current study employs LBSN service-based data for an aggregate-level transportation planning exercise by developing land-use planning models. Specifically, we employ check-in data aggregated at the census tract level to develop a quantitative model for activity intensity as a function of land use and built-environment attributes for the New York City (NYC) region. A statistical exercise based on clustering of census tracts and negative binomial regression analyses are adopted to analyze the aggregated data. We demonstrate the implications of the estimated models by presenting the spatial aggregation profiling based on the model estimates. The findings provide insights on relative differences of activity engagements across the urban region. The proposed approach thus provides a complementary analysis tool to traditional transportation planning exercises.
Role and Importance of Training Climate for Effective Training Programs
Authors: LATHER Anu Singh , SHARMA Harsh Sharma
Published: October 2019

It is widely recognized that training has to come out of its traditional dormant state to the main stream of corporate functioning and contribute proactively towards attainment of organizational objectives. However, this long overdue importance will be short-lived if training professionals do not show commitment towards enhancing value of training. The process of training delivery is mediated by pre and post delivery factors which have an influence in constructing favorable or unfavorable training climate. This paper addresses the all important issue of training climate and the role played by various stakeholders in developing this. The theoretical model and assumptions are substantiated through case examples. Keywords: Training Climate, Strategy, Evaluation
Employees Aren’t Factory Slaves: Factors Determining Work Demand and Implications for HRM Practices
Authors: Kengatharan Navaneethakrishnan
Published: October 2019

Although a plethora of studies on factors determining work demand have been investigated in the West, the Western findings cannot be directly applied to another cultural context and there is still rather constraint studies in collectivist cultural nations. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory and Hofstede’s cultural framework, the present study aims to fill a lacuna by identifying factors determining work demand in a collectivist cultural context. Anchored in ontological and epistemological assumptions, the study employed hypothetic-deductive approach with a survey strategy. Data were garnered from randomly selected 569 employees working in the banking sector with the aid of a self-administrated questionnaire. The results disclose that males work longer hours and experience greater work demand than females. The study further reveals the predictors of work demand: working hours had shown the largest impact, followed by tenure, gender, income, formal work-life policies and supervisory status. The present study questioned the worthiness of the equal policies for both men and women in the workplace and emphasised the needs for gender-based HR policies. On balance, the study pushes back the frontiers of work-family literature and becomes a springboard to future scholarly works.
Undergraduate Research Supervision: A Case Study of Supervisors' Perceptions at Yanbu University College
Authors: Al-Doubi Suzan Hasan , Fawzi Hala , Walters JoDee
Published: October 2019

This exploratory case study examined supervisors' perceptions of supervision of undergraduate research projects, and whether the level of experience affects the quality of the supervision process. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Participants were three supervisors with varying levels of experience in the supervision process at Yanbu University College in Saudi Arabia. Obtained themes were used with the whole data-set. The data were rearranged according to the emerged common themes among the three participants. Findings revealed that the level of experience affected the supervision process in relation to the supervisors‘ perceptions. It also suggested that the level of expereince of the supervisors influnced the process of supervision and the feedback given to the undergraduate students. An implication of these findings is that providing novice supervisors with training and guidance should be considered. Departments should create a discussion platform between experienced and novice supervisors to ensure that the supervision expereince is well delivered to undergraduates during their research projects. The study recommends supervisors to revisit all phases of their practice.
Ants’ Capability of Adding and Subtracting Odors
Authors: Cammaerts Marie-Claire , Cammaerts Roger
Published: October 2019

Summing and discriminating odors may be useful for animals in their daily life. The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti rely essentially on odors for navigating and have a rather poor visual perception. It was previously shown that they can add and subtract visual elements when the result of the operation has been concretely presented to them, i.e. they thus respond to an image which corresponds the best to that they have memorized. Here we examined if these ants can sum two odors and ‘subtract’ (discriminate) an odor from a mixture of two ones. They added two distinct odors only when these odors were presented side by side and perceived simultaneously, and not when they were located at some distance from one another and perceived consecutively. They discriminated one odor from a mixture when that odor was presented in association with a reward (the food). They subtracted one odor from a mixture when that specific odor was presented and perceived separately at a place not associated with a reward. Myrmica sabuleti workers could thus effectively add two odors and subtract one odor from a mixture, but only when the odor(s) to which they should respond was (were) associated with a reward. In the wild, such a behavior could help the ants to navigate.
Niet meer dan een speldenprik
Authors: Trommel Willem
Published: October 2019

Reflection: Nothing more than a pinprick

Willem Trommel reflects on the ambitions of Positive Public Administration. He observes that Positive Public Administration is at heart the product of a longing for positivist science and ‘real facts’ in public debate, arguing instead that a more radical overhaul of the discipline is required towards Provocative Public Administration.
Marking a Century of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at School of Medicine in Zagreb
Authors: Mlinac-Jerković Kristina , Damjanović Vladimir , Kalanj-Bognar Svjetlana , Lovrić Jasna
Published: October 2019

In 2018 the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Zagreb School of Medicine celebrated 100 years since it was established by professor Fran Bubanović. This essay is focused on his successors, outstanding teachers and scientists, professors Tomislav Pinter and Mihovil Proštenik, members of Yugoslavian (today Croatian) Academy of Sciences and Arts. Tomislav Pinter was a prominent physical chemist who had an original approach and gave novel interpretation of van der Waals and Wohl’s equations. He also served as the president of Croatian Chemical Society. Neurobiochemist Mihovil Proštenik started as an organic chemist at “Prelog’s Zagreb School of Organic Chemistry”. He collaborated with two Croatian Nobel prize winners in chemistry: his PhD thesis supervisor Vladimir Prelog and Lavoslav Ružička. He was the founder of “Zagreb School of Lipidology”, discovered a new sphingoid base C20-sphingosine, and had a major role in the establishment of Ruđer Bošković Institute. Herein we honor their contributions to Croatian science and beyond, and share so far unpublished valuable material from the Department archive.
Lower limbs edema among medical students
Authors: Załęcka Monika , Lipiński Kacper , Królikowska Aleksandra
Published: October 2019

Aim of the study: Chronic venous disease is frequent that affects people of various professions and ages. It consists of a set of symptoms located in the lower limbs, and edema is one of the first and most frequent signs. The aim of this study was to investigate the lifestyle influence on frequency of lower limbs swelling formation among medicine students. Materials and methods: Analysis of questionnaire conducted among 482 students of the academic year 2018/2019 from 12 Polish medicine universities. The survey questions encompass known and possible risk factors of lower limbs edema. CEAP scale was used to assess the severity of chronic venous disease. Results: Lower limb edema occurred in 30% of the respondents, of which 55% stated the exacerbation of symptoms on the days they attended classes. Conclusions: Medical students suffer from edema, it is more common among women. The type of classes affects the manifestation of lower limbs oedema. The factors that have the greatest impact on the formation of edema in students are: prolonged standing or sitting position and high ambient temperature.
Wielka Wojna, wielkie nadzieje, wielkie wątpliwości. Zmysły, emocje i trudny patriotyzm w dzienniku Zofii Nałkowskiej
Authors: Rodak Paweł
Published: October 2019

The article describes the experience of World War I and the period just after the war (1914–1918) written in the diary of Zofia Nałkowska, an outstanding Polish novelist (1896–1954). For Nałkowska, World War I was very strong sensual experience (new sounds and images that invade privacy). At the same time, the war reveals the truth about human life, being full of cruelty. The war is also a period of collective behaviour, including collective patriotic behaviour requiring sacrifice of an individual. The article shows the tension in Nałkowska’s diary, between what is collective, patriotic, and what is individual, private (patriotism is a great value for Nałkowska, but at the same time she realizes that it can be a source of nationalistic and chauvinistic behaviour). Finally, the article shows Nałkowska’s critical attitude, at the end of the war and just after the war, connected with the awareness that the regained independence is not a solution to all Polish problems.