bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual representations of wealth inequality in political communication
Authors: Vaughan Michael , Kerr Sarah
Published: February 2025

Wealth inequality is deepening in many countries around the world, presenting increasing challenges to public notions of fairness while simultaneously proving resistant to democratic intervention. This article looks at one element of the politics of wealth inequality which has so far received relatively little attention: visual representations in political communication. The authors collected an original dataset of 243 images posted on Facebook by UK news media and civil society organizations to explore how different actors visually represent the problem of wealth inequality. They used content analysis to demonstrate that news media in particular tends to visualize inequality through images of wealth itself, such as luxury goods and property, whereas civil society more often tries to contrast richness and poorness. They conducted social semiotic analysis on two sets of recurring tropes to investigate the complex trade-offs in how visual content frames inequality, whether through ambivalent focus on the super-rich or a claim to objectivity and completeness through birds-eye aerial photography.
Analysis of temperature field in innovative axial magnetic levitation bearings
Authors: Jing Fu , Quan Wu Zheng
Published: February 2025

In this paper, innovative axial magnetic levitation bearings with high redundancy and low heating characteristics are designed for axial magnetic bearings, the design criteria for stacked redundant axial magnetic bearings are proposed, and a finite element model of innovative axial magnetic levitation on bearings is established to conduct the combined thermal and magnetic simulation analysis of innovative axial magnetic levitation bearings, thus analyzing temperature field and eddy current energy consumption distribution of the structure. A comparative analysis is also performed on temperature field and eddy current energy consumption distribution of classic axial magnetic bearings with the same volume. The study shows that, under the same volume and current conditions, the eddy current loss generated by the stacked six-ring structure is smaller than that generated by the traditional concentric two-ring structure, and the temperature rise of the stacked six-ring structure is smaller than that of the traditional concentric two-ring structure.
Influence and compensation method of wire resistance on measurement accuracy of elasto-magnetic sensors for tension monitoring of prestressed strand
Authors: Duan Yuanfeng , Wei Wei , Zheng Wei , Zhang Ru , Su Liang , Kuok Sin-Chi , Cheng JJ Roger
Published: February 2025

Elasto-magnetic (EM) methods have been widely adopted in civil engineering for the tension monitoring of cables, hangers, and prestressed strands due to their noncontact and nondestructive properties. However, in practical applications, variations in the installation positions of EM sensor often lead to significant differences in wire length. This results in changes in wire resistance, which can affect the measurement results. Therefore, in this study, we developed a multiphysics coupling finite element model to systematically analyze the influence of wire resistance on the output signals and measurement results of EM sensors. A tension calibration experiment was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the simulation results and assess the influence of wire resistance on the measurement results. To mitigate the resistance effects, constantan wire resistors were used to compensate for wire resistance. The experimental findings indicate that compensation reduced the full-scale relative error of the EM sensor from (−9.1% to 7.2%) before compensation to (−4.9% to 4.5%) afterward, thereby enhancing the measurement stability and accuracy. Finally, EM sensors with resistance compensation were applied to an external prestressing reinforcement project for a prestressed concrete bridge. Measurement results with a relative error of less than 4% were obtained during the tensioning process. Long-term tension monitoring was performed. The results demonstrate that EM sensors with resistance compensation can provide accurate and stable tension measurements, thereby supporting the reliability of this approach for real-world applications.
Investigating the Reliability and Validity of the Sense of Belonging Inventory among First Year Undergraduates
Authors: Stafford Lanah , Bol Linda , Gansle Kristin A.
Published: February 2025

In higher education, sense of belonging has been linked to improved outcomes such as retention and academic achievement. However, little research has been conducted to empirically study sense of belonging as a multidimensional construct. Data were collected from 1,072 first-year undergraduate students from a large, public, doctoral granting institution located in an urban area of the southeastern United States using the Sense of Belonging inventory. Results revealed four dimensions of belonging: perceived peer support, perceived faculty support, perceived classroom comfort, and perceived isolation. Results also revealed relationships between each dimension and first semester grade point average. These findings align with previous research on the relationship between sense of belonging and institutional outcomes as well as the reliability and validity of this inventory and support its use as a valid and reliable measure of sense of belonging in first-year undergraduates.
New Insights in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Thanks to Electrophysiological Tools
Authors: Campanella Salvatore , Arikan M. Kemal , Ilhan Reyhan , Sanader Vukadinivic Bruna , Pogarell Oliver
Published: February 2025

Objective: Substance use disorders (SUD) still represent a huge worldwide health problem, as, despite withdrawal, medication, social support and psychotherapy, the relapse rate (around 80% at one year following treatment) remains tremendously high. Therefore, an important challenge consists in finding new complementary add-on tools to enhance quality of care. Methods and Results: In this report we focus on new insights reported through the use of three electrophysiological tools (quantitative electroencephalography (EEG), QEEG; cognitive event-related potentials, ERPs; and neurofeedback) suggesting that their use might be helpful at the clinical level in the management of various forms of SUDs. Empirical evidence were presented. Conclusion: In light of encouraging results obtained highlighting how these electrophysiological tools may be used in the treatment of SUDs, further studies are needed in order to facilitate the implementation of such procedures in clinical care units.
Association of polypharmacy and perioperative outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Yixuan , Liew Yixin , Sim Mui Hian , Sim Xiu Ling Jacqueline
Published: February 2025

Polypharmacy is becoming more prevalent due to an ageing population. As more patients are undergoing surgical procedures, it is important to determine which group of patients are at higher risk of poorer outcomes. This review aimed to provide a summary of existing literature and to determine if polypharmacy is associated with poorer perioperative outcomes and to identify any gaps in the literature. This systematic review was conducted using electronic databases PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from their inception to December 2024. Statistical analysis was performed using generic inverse variance method. We identified 45 eligible studies from different countries and different surgical populations. Thirty-two studies (71.11%) defined polypharmacy as the use of five or more medications. Polypharmacy is significantly associated with postoperative delirium (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.32–1.98, I2 = 0%). Although polypharmacy is found to be significantly associated with postoperative delirium, the relationship between polypharmacy and postoperative delirium remains complex.
Pregnancy outcomes in patients from a Scottish Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit taking elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor, 2020–present
Authors: Valcheva Ivaila , Paterson Iona
Published: February 2025

Background

Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) was made available to eligible women in September 2020 by NHS Scotland.

Methods

Retrospective data collection for the 13 pregnancies in women taking ETI from the West of Scotland Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, September 2020–December 2023.

Results

Mean pre-pregnancy FEV1 was 2.26L, 70% predicted (range 1.25–3.19); (38–86% predicted). Mean FEV1 post-pregnancy was 2.29L, 71% predicted (range 1.49–3.40); (45–92% predicted). The mean age at conception (29 years) and mean percentage predicted FEV1 (70%) were higher than in other UK studies. Two pregnancies resulted in miscarriage, the remaining 11 pregnancies resulted in a live birth. Seven women had a pulmonary exacerbation of CF during pregnancy. Three of four women with FEV1 < 60% predicted had uncomplicated pregnancies with no pulmonary exacerbations.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that people with CF and varying spectrums of lung disease who take CFTR modulators can have uncomplicated pregnancies with positive lung function outcomes.
Modified multimodal similarity based generative adversarial network in text to image generation
Authors: Srilatha M , Chenna Reddy P
Published: February 2025

Text-to-image synthesis (T2I) is a challenging task, as the model must generate high-quality images that are both semantically realistic and consistent. Current approaches typically begin by producing an initial blurred image, which is then refined to improve quality. However, many existing methods struggle to ensure that the refined image accurately corresponds to the provided text description. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a novel Multimodal Similarity-based Generative adversarial network for Text to Image Generation (MSG-TIG) framework. The proposed MSG-TIG framework involves the input text and segmented mask image as input. These inputs are subjected to the preprocessing step, where the text is transformed into reduced words by using the TS2 approach that offers dimension-reduced text for better performance and the noise in the image gets removed using Median filtering. From the preprocessed text, Bag of Words (BoW) and Class Frequency assisted Term Frequency and Inverse Document Frequency (CF-TF-IDF) features are extracted. Conversely, the color features, Compute Neighbour Pixel value in Hierarchy of Skeleton (CNP-HoS)-based features are extracted from the preprocessed mask image. Subsequently, the extracted feature set is passed into the Modified Similarity Score-assisted Multimodal Similarity-based Generative Adversarial Network (MSS-MS-GAN) to generate multiple images. The MSS-MS-GAN adopts the Modified Similarity Score assisted Multimodal Similarity Model (MSS-MSM) in the Generator phase to obtain better generative output by reducing the risk of collapse. The MSS-MS-GAN strategy acquired the Inception Score of 4.913, SSIM of 0.861 and PSNR of 35.245. In addition, it acquired lesser error values, such as MAE=0.228 and MSE=0.094, respectively.
The Academic Benefits of Social Connections: Relatedness, Competence Needs Satisfaction, and Science Engagement among Hong Kong Gifted Children
Authors: Datu Jesus Alfonso D. , Zhang Jiahong , Lee Sang Min , Fung Eric
Published: February 2025

This research examines the direct and indirect (via competence needs satisfaction) associations of relatedness to mother, father, teacher, friends, and classmates to behavioral and cognitive engagement in science among 305 gifted primary school students ( Mage = 8.32; SDage = 1.37) in Hong Kong. Results of path analysis showed that relatedness to teacher and classmates was linked to greater competence needs satisfaction and science engagement dimensions. Competence needs satisfaction was linked to higher science engagement dimensions. Further, both relatedness dimensions had indirect associations with science engagement via competence needs satisfaction. Our research highlights the potential academic rewards of forging meaningful social ties between teachers, gifted learners, and their peers in school contexts.
Successful management of hypercalcemic crisis by continuous renal replacement therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation and surgery: a case report
Authors: Bui-Thi Hanh-Duyen , Le-Phuong Thao , Tran-Viet Thang , Nguyen-Huu Phuc
Published: February 2025

A hypercalcemic crisis (HC) is a life-threatening endocrine emergency if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Initial management for HC includes fluid resuscitation, diuresis, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and glucocorticoids, along with diagnosing the underlying etiology of HC. However, for the refractory HC, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) should be considered. We report a case of severe refractory HC successfully managed with CRRT using RCA and surgery. A 56-year-old female patient was admitted to University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City due to a decrease in consciousness. Laboratory tests and clinical manifestations suggested the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. The patient was managed with strategies to lower calcium levels, including intravenous normal saline, oral fluid replacement via nasogastric tube, calcitonin, and bisphosphonate; however, the patient did not respond to the initial treatment. Subsequently, the patient underwent CRRT with RCA and calcium-free replacement fluid to reduce the calcium level before parathyroidectomy. The patient was discharged after 10 days of hospitalization. CRRT with RCA appears to be a potential, effective, and safe method for treating refractory hypercalcemic crises. Further research is required to investigate the role of CRRT with RCA in refractory hypercalcemia.
Design of a mobile application for universal screening for women of child-bearing age engaged in comprehensive addiction and recovery environments (WE-CARE) for substance use and women from the general population
Authors: Shifflett Autumn , Karpisek Lacey , Patel Kajal , Cui Yi , Lawental Maayan , Tzilos Wernette Golfo , Chang H Katie , Isaacs Krystyna R. , Ma Tony X
Published: February 2025

Objective

Formative research was conducted to identify barriers to universal screening for alcohol/substance use, depression, and anxiety in women of childbearing age (WOCA,18–44 years of age) drawn from the general population and from women in a residential treatment program for alcohol and/or drug use.

Methods

E-surveys ( n = 467), focus groups with women aged 18–44 ( n = 30), and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with healthcare providers (HCPs, n = 8) were conducted to create a user-centered design for a mHealth application.

Results

E-surveys revealed that 80% of the women were asked about alcohol use at a visit with their HCP, while 70% were asked about drug use. Only 35% of the respondents indicated an HCP discussed their answers with them. Two focus groups with WOCA revealed minimal to no prior knowledge of risk factors related to alcohol and substance use. Barriers to treatment identified included a lack of readiness to change, cost, minimal social support systems, and a perceived sense of public stigma. In-depth interviews with HCPs revealed not all HCPs use screenings for substance use due to lack of time to conduct a screening, unfamiliarity with standardized screening tools, insufficient training to provide proper follow-up care, no mandates requiring such screenings, and a concern that asking follow-up questions may negatively impact their relationship with the client.

Conclusion

Results from the formative research studies were used to inform the design and development of the WE-CARE app prototype. The prototype, which includes educational content on alcohol and substance use disorders (SUDs), a moderated discussion forum, FAQs, and a Chatbot to encourage participants to make an appointment with an SUD treatment center if indicated, is undergoing pilot testing.
Usability of a mobile app for suicide risk awareness in South Korea
Authors: Cho Moon-Heum , Hwang Seokwon , Kim Ye Jin , Lee Dong Hun , Jeon Hong Jin , Park Kyung-Eun
Published: February 2025

Background

Suicide rates have significantly increased in South Korea, yet many individuals lack adequate support. Barriers such as reluctance to seek mental health help and fear of social stigma contribute to this gap. A mobile app focused on suicide risk awareness could provide accessible support, though none are currently available for public use in South Korea. This study conducted a usability test on a newly developed suicide risk awareness app using a mixed methods approach.

Methods

Thirty-eight students from a large university in South Korea participated in the study, with 19 in a high-risk suicide group and 19 in a nonrisk suicide group. After using the app for 2 weeks, all participants completed an online usability survey, and 19 students took part in individual interviews.

Results

Independent samples t-tests showed that participants, regardless of risk group, rated the app positively for ease of use, accessibility, design, perceived learning, and satisfaction. Regression analysis identified perceived learning as the strongest predictor of satisfaction, followed by ease of use. The qualitative analysis highlighted areas for improvement, including providing direct and guided feedback on suicide risk.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated the potential of a mobile app to enhance suicide risk awareness among young adults in South Korea. Moreover, user engagement with the app can be improved by ensuring confidentiality and fostering perceived learning.
Biobeat monitor utilization in various healthcare settings: A systematic review
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Querney Jill , Subramani Yamini , Naismith Kendra , Singh Priyanka , Fochesato Lee-Anne , Fatima Nida , Wood Natasha , Malthaner Richard , Nagappa Mahesh
Published: February 2025

Background

Ensuring accurate and continuous monitoring of patients’ physiological parameters is paramount for evaluating their health status and guiding clinical decision-making. Technological advancements have the potential to significantly improve patient care and outcomes by offering a seamless continuum of healthcare experiences. Biobeat Technologies Ltd has pioneered a non−invasive wearable approach to acquiring advanced hemodynamic parameters, employing devices such as the BB−613WP wrist monitor and the BB−613P chest patch. Biobeat devices have been applicable across many clinical settings, as substantiated by a growing body of research. This systematic review endeavours to comprehensively consolidate the evidence regarding using Biobeat monitors across various clinical scenarios.

Methods

From 2016 to 2024, a thorough literature search was conducted across multiple databases. The inclusion criteria for selected studies comprised adult patients aged 18 years or older in any healthcare setting, employing Biobeat monitoring devices (wrist monitors and/or chest patches), reporting at least one outcome or finding, and presenting fully published original research studies, including randomized controlled trials and prospective or retrospective cohort studies. The quality and risk of bias assessment for the studies was performed using the Newcastle−Ottawa scale and COSMIN scoring system.

Results

Among 27 studies identified, 15 met the inclusion criteria, involving 4248 patients. These included 14 prospective observational studies and one retrospective cohort study; no randomized control trials were identified. Notably, eight studies were conducted in ambulatory settings, with 1 study focusing on patients undergoing labor and delivery. Additionally, three studies were carried out in general inpatient wards, 1 in a medical ICU and another in a cardiac surgery ICU (CSICU). Furthermore, 1 study presented results from 3 separate investigations— 2 in ambulatory settings and 1 in the CSICU. Across all studies, Biobeat devices were consistently utilized, with each study reporting positive outcomes associated with their use.

Conclusion

This systematic review demonstrates that Biobeat's non-invasive wearable devices have been effectively utilized across various clinical settings, consistently contributing to positive patient outcomes. The versatility and reliability of these devices highlight their potential to enhance patient care and support clinical decision-making, warranting further research to explore their broader applications.
Treatment persistence and clinical outcomes in patients starting B cell depleting therapies within the Swiss MS Cohort
Authors: Disanto Giulio , Schaedelin Sabine , Oechtering Johanna , Lorscheider Johannes , Galbusera Riccardo , Finkener Sebastian , Achtnichts Lutz , Lalive Patrice , Müller Stefanie , Pot Caroline , Hoepner Robert , Salmen Anke , Zecca Chiara , Hemkens Lars G , D’Souza Marcus , Fischer-Barnicol Bettina , Du Pasquier Renaud , Roth Patrick , Yaldizli Özgür , Einsiedler Maximilian , Derfuss Tobias , Kappos Ludwig , Gobbi Claudio , Granziera Cristina , Uginet Marjolaine , Maceski Aleksandra Maleska , McDonald Keltie , Leppert David , Benkert Pascal , Kuhle Jens ,   for the Swiss MS Cohort Study
Published: February 2025

Background

Persistence to B cell depleting therapies (BCDT) like ocrelizumab and rituximab may be higher compared with other disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Clinical trials directly comparing these treatments are lacking.

Objective

To compare the risk of treatment discontinuation, relapse, and confirmed disability worsening in patients starting BCDT vs other DMT within real-world settings.

Methods

In a longitudinal cohort study, patients with relapsing MS starting BCDT (ocrelizumab/rituximab, n = 269) after enrolment into the Swiss MS Cohort (SMSC) were evaluated for treatment discontinuation, occurrence of relapses, and disability worsening in comparison with platform ( n = 57) and oral ( n = 454) DMT, or natalizumab ( n = 73) using Cox regression with double robust adjustment for baseline covariates.

Results

Patients starting BCDT were less likely to discontinue treatment than all other DMT combined (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.18–0.36, p < .01), oral DMT (HR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.20–0.39, p < .01) and natalizumab (HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.21–0.58, p < .01). BCDT were associated with lower risk of relapses as compared to oral DMT HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39–0.88, p < .01), but not to natalizumab (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.45–1.82, p = .778). Disability worsening was not significantly different between treatment groups.

Conclusion

We provide real-world evidence for patients being more persistent to BCDT than to other treatments, and better clinical outcomes may partly explain this.
The social impact of generative LLM-based AI
Authors: Xie Yu , Avila Sofia
Published: February 2025

Liking it or not, ready or not, we are likely to enter a new phase of human history in which artificial intelligence (AI) will dominate economic production and social life—the AI revolution. Before the actual arrival of the AI revolution, it is time for us to speculate on how AI will impact the social world. In this article, we focus on the social impact of generative LLM-based AI, discussing societal factors that contribute to its technological development and its potential roles in enhancing both between-country and within-country social inequality. There are good indications that the US and China will lead the field and will be the main competitors for domination of AI in the world. We conjecture that the AI revolution will likely give rise to a post-knowledge society in which knowledge per se will become less important than in today's world. Instead, individual relationships and social identity will become more important. So will soft skills, including the ability to utilize AI.
Surgical Ligation of Isolated Type I Aortopulmonary Window Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass is a Safe and Cost-Effective Surgical Technique
Authors: Shah Salman A. , Khan Mohammad Umair , Awan Nabil , Rasool Faiz , Kazmi Tehmina , Qureshi Amina Zafar , Hasan Saaniya , Shah Talal Ahmad , Khan M. Asim , Kazmi Uzma , Hyder Najam , Sadiq Masood
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Aortopulmonary window (APW) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the heart where there is a direct communication between the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery. Surgical repair of APW on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is considered the standard of surgical care. In this study, we selected patients with a type I APW to undergo direct surgical ligation to determine if this technique is safe and can produce equivalent results to standard open-heart repair.

Method

Twelve infants with simple or isolated type I APW underwent direct surgical ligation by a single surgeon at Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from December 2020 to January 2024. Diagnosis was based on two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, and classification was based on the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) nomenclature. A sternotomy approach was employed, and CPB was on stand-by for all cases. The aortic and pulmonary ends of the APW were ligated with close attention to anatomic details.

Results

All patients underwent successful APW ligation with no intraoperative complications. Follow-up, ranging from 6 months to 3 years, revealed no mortality, residual defects, aortic or pulmonary valve insufficiency, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, or coronary compromise. A notable cost benefit of $2,000 per patient was observed.

Conclusion

In this case series, direct surgical ligation of an APW was found to be a safe and cost-effective alternative to standard surgical repair on CPB. Further research with a larger sample size with longer follow-up is required to better determine this alternative's efficacy.
Attitudes of Secondary School Teachers’ Toward Counseling Service Provision in Tanzania: Facts and Opinions
Authors: Mbilinyi Christina Nelson
Published: February 2025

Attitude is one of the important constructs for the effective undertaking of any role. This study examined secondary school teachers’ attitudes toward counseling service provision. The study was guided by pragmatic philosophical paradigm and adopted a concurrent embedded design with mixed-method approach. It involved 250 secondary school teachers who completed the questionnaires; 46 teachers who participated in focus group discussions and 9 heads of schools were interviewed. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed, while descriptive and inferential statistics facilitated quantitative data analysis. The descriptive results indicated that teachers had a positive attitude toward counseling service provision. Results from the independent sample t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in attitude between teachers who attended in-service counseling training [ M = 83.55, SD = 14.15] and those who did not [ M = 79.29, SD = 12.27] at t-value p = .02. The statistically significant difference in attitude scores was arrived at through ANOVA statistical method based on the teachers’ teaching experiences ( f(6, 243) = 2, 0.07, p = .05). There was no statistically significant difference in attitude score in providing counseling services by teachers’ sex, qualifications and working experiences as school counselors. Results from interviews and focused group discussions indicated a positive attitude toward counseling service provision. The study concludes that the teacher’s attitude is essential for effective counseling service provision. Policies have a role in influencing teachers’ attitude.
To Chat or Not: Pre-Service English Teachers’ Perceptions of and Needs in Chatbot’s Educational Application
Authors: Su Yilong , Luo Meina , Zhong Chenyin
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence-driven chatbots have sparked significant changes in English education, which is challenging for pre-service teachers. To date, it remains unclear what are pre-service English teachers’ perceptions of and needs in integrating chatbots into English education. This study, therefore, explored Chinese pre-service English teachers’ (1) basic understanding of and attitudes toward chatbots, (2) perceptions of chatbots in English education, (3) perceptions of chatbots’ advantages and challenges and (4) needs in integrating chatbots into English teaching. From June to September 2023, 12 Chinese pre-service English teachers were purposefully sampled for semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes. The findings revealed generally positive attitudes toward chatbots, though teachers had limited understanding. Most teachers believed chatbots could improve language skills, but noted concerns like plagiarism. They emphasized human teachers’ irreplaceability in moral, emotional, and individualized teaching. Teachers also sought policy, training, and social support. These findings will not only help to better understand pre-service teachers’ views concerning integrating chatbots into English education internationally but also shed light on pre-service teacher education and chatbot development.
Overcoming the Magnetism of Lectures: Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions of and Motivations Regarding Active Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Padilla-Petry Paulo , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Julio , Pérez-Hernando Sara
Published: February 2025

The discourse surrounding active learning in higher education (HE) highlights its potential to improve learning outcomes, foster student engagement, and promote active student positionality. However, several studies have underscored instances of student resistance and institutional impediments to active learning. Given the substantial variability in experiences and perceptions among teachers and students in HE, understanding and contrasting these viewpoints could help address such obstacles to its integration. This article presents the findings of a mixed methods study that examined the perspectives of HE teachers and students regarding active learning methods, their perceived effectiveness in augmenting motivation and facilitating learning, and the challenges associated with their implementation. The study sample comprised 57 teachers and 125 degree students from Law, Nursing, and Education disciplines in two Spanish universities. We administered two surveys, 12 semistructured interviews and organized a focus group session. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests for group comparison, and qualitative content analysis. The results indicate that teachers adopt active learning to optimize learning outcomes while acknowledging that student motivation is also essential. Teachers exhibited more enthusiasm for active learning compared to students, often overlooking students’ apprehensions regarding its implementation. Notably, HE institutions appeared to provide limited support for active learning initiatives, scarcely recognizing their potential benefits. These findings suggest that overcoming the magnetism of lectures in HE may require a more profound understanding of institutional and organizational barriers to active learning while refraining from solely attributing student resistance to individual student characteristics.
True or False? The Impact of Health-Oriented Leadership on Work Engagement in the Hotel Industry
Authors: Han Yao , Mohamed Rosmah
Published: February 2025

The rebound of the global tourism industry highlights the importance of hotel employees’ work engagement, given their pivotal roles in service performance. While previous research has demonstrated the positive impact of health-oriented leadership (HOL) on employee engagement, few studies have examined the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions. An empirical analysis was conducted on four- and five star hotels in China, and 520 frontline employees were randomly selected from different hotels. Data were collected via online questionnaire, and the proposed model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The findings underscore that HOL has a positive impact on work engagement. Recovery experiences emerges as a pivotal mechanism mediating the relationship between HOL and work engagement. Furthermore, trust moderates the relationship between HOL and recovery experiences. High trust strengthens the relationship, while HOL and recovery experiences even have slightly negative relationship when the level of trust is low. This study contributes to the underlying and boundary mechanisms of the relationship from a recovery perspective.
Commentary on the Visual Design Challenges for Cross-Cultural Users of Business Data Visualizations
Authors: Batova Tatiana
Published: February 2025

Data visualizations are essential for translating complex data into actionable insights, yet assumptions of universal design can overlook cultural differences. Through an analysis of Amazon bestsellers, a review of limited literature on cross-cultural data visualization, and an integration of research from fields such as visual communication, web design, marketing, psychology, professional communication, and user experience, this article highlights five visual design challenges for cross-cultural users: color, images, minimalism, visual hierarchy, and textual elements. While each challenge brings unique considerations shaped by cultural differences in perception, preferences, and interpretation, together they provide a structured framework for designing culturally-sensitive, user-centered charts and graphs. The article offers practical recommendations and questions for future studies for educators, researchers, and practitioners in business communication, aiming to better equip them to tackle these challenges and create visuals that honor diversity, equity, and inclusion. It bridges the gap between data visualization research and cross-cultural organizational communication by advocating for a user-centered approach that integrates both aesthetic appeal and clarity in global data visualization and urging more empirical research to inform best practices and teaching materials.
Defining and Measuring Task Complexity in Major Requirements
Authors: Baker Rachel , Huntington-Klein Nick
Published: February 2025

Graduating from college requires understanding major curricular requirements and making several complex interdependent choices to fulfill them. But curricular requirements can be complex and students report that it is not always clear which classes they need to take. In this paper, we create measures to describe and quantify complexity in major requirements and compare complexity across disciplines and across universities. We find wide variation. Much of this variation is not explained by stable differences across departments and across campuses, which indicates that there may be room for simplification. Academic planners, the faculty, and administrators tasked with creating and modifying curricular plans, should consider what kind of academic gauntlets they are creating and curricular complexity should be a part of planning conversations.
Association between migraine and primary open-angle glaucoma: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chaar Dima L , Yakubova Aliya , Jiang Chen , Hoffmann Thomas J , Pressman Alice , Plotnikov Denis , Choquet Hélène
Published: February 2025

Introduction

To investigate the association of genetically predicted migraine with the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods

To estimate the shared genetic basis of migraine and POAG, we conducted genome-wide genetic correlation analyses using cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression. To assess potential causal effects of migraine on POAG risk, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using data from European ancestry individuals. Genetic instruments (N = 54 genetic variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0.01) were derived from our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of migraine conducted in the UK Biobank (16,709 migraine cases and 438,178 controls). For POAG, we used GWAS summary statistics from our previous GWAS conducted in the GERA cohort (3836 POAG cases and 48,065 controls) or using data from the International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium (15,229 POAG cases and 177,473 controls). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was our primary source of MR estimates and common sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Results

We found that migraine was not genetically associated with POAG ( rg = 0.05; SE = 0.11; P = 0.69). Further, we did not detect any evidence of association between genetically predicted migraine with POAG.

Conclusion

Our results provide evidence that genetic risk for migraine may not be a strong causal risk factor for POAG.
Valley of Mexico site response from non-reference site approach
Authors: Contreras Victor , Stewart Jonathan P , Mayoral Juan M , Pérez-Campos Xyoli
Published: February 2025

We present a model for Valley of Mexico site response that is referenced to a 30 m time-averaged shear wave velocity ( V S30) of 760 m/s. This reference condition ensures compatibility with regional ground motion models (GMM) for Central America and Mexico (CAM), which were developed from an expanded version of the NGA-Subduction (NGA-Sub) database as described in a companion paper. The site response model is derived using ground motion data from 89 sites within the Valley of Mexico and uses V S30 and soft soil depth as independent variables, the former of which was evaluated using shear wave velocity from literature for 56 sites (10 co-located with ground motion stations). As a consequence of the unique Lake Texcoco geology, the model predicts far greater levels of site response than those provided by global ergodic models, and notably, larger site response than prior models for the Valley of Mexico that had utilized a reference site approach using a medium-stiff soil site as the reference site. Linear amplification increases with decreasing V S30 in a period-dependent manner that captures strong resonance effects associated with variable depths of soft lacustrine soils. Site period is found to not appreciably improve predictions, due to strong negative correlation with V S30. Differential depth (depth minus V S30-conditioned mean depth) produces repeatable trends of reduced short period amplification and increased long period amplification for especially deep sites, the effects of which are modeled. We identify nonlinear site response for high-frequency ground motions using variable-amplitude reference site ground motions. The provided models improve upon current practice for Mexico because the reference GMM applies across CAM, V S30 and soft soil depth are used in lieu of site classes, and nonlinearity is incorporated.
Unlocking Collaboration: The Political and Institutional Forces Driving Risk Allocation in Transport Megaprojects
Authors: Moore Thomas , Ahiaga-Dagbui Dominic D. , Chen Yizi , Shrestha Asheem
Published: February 2025

This study explores how institutional environments influence risk allocation and drive the adoption of collaborative governance models in transport megaprojects. The research question is: “How do institutional environments influence the praxis of risk allocation and drive the institutionalization of collaborative governance models in transport megaprojects?” It examines political, regulatory, and stakeholder pressures, highlighting the rise of incentivized target cost as an emergent collaborative logic. The findings suggest that institutionalizing collaborative governance is essential for effective risk allocation in complex transport megaprojects.
Comprehensive genetic variant analysis reveals combination of KRAS and LRP1B as a predictive biomarker of response to immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Eklund Ella A. , Svensson Johanna , Näslund Louise Stauber , Yhr Maria , Sayin Sama I. , Wiel Clotilde , Akyürek Levent M. , Torstensson Per , Sayin Volkan I. , Hallqvist Andreas , Raghavan Sukanya , Rohlin Anna
Published: February 2025

Background

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the rapid advancement of predictive genetic testing of tumors by identifying specific pathogenic driver variants has significantly improved treatment guidance. However, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is typically administered to patients with tumors in the absence of such driver variants. Since only about 30% of patients will respond to ICB treatment, identifying novel genetic biomarkers of clinical response is crucial and will improve treatment decisions. This prospective clinical study aims to combine molecular biology, advanced bioinformatics and clinical data on response to treatment with ICB from a prospective cohort of NSCLC patients to identify single or combination of genetic variants in the tumor that can serve as predictive biomarkers of clinical response.

Methods

In this prospective bi-center clinical study, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 597 cancer-associated genes in a prospective cohort of 49 patients as the final cohort analyzed, with stage III or IV NSCLC, followed by establishment of an in-house developed bioinformatics-based molecular classification method that integrates, interprets and evaluates data from multiple databases and variant prediction tools. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed for selected candidate genes and variants identified using our novel methodology including molecular tools, databases and clinical information.

Results

Our novel molecular interpretation and classification method identified high impact variants in frequently altered genes KRAS, LRP1B, and TP53. Analysis of these genes as single predictive biomarkers in ICB-treated patients revealed that the presence of likely pathogenic variants and variants of unclear significance in LRP1B was associated with improved OS (p = 0.041). Importantly, further analysis of variant combinations in the tumor showed that co-occurrence of KRAS and LRP1B variants significantly improved OS (p = 0.003) and merged PFS (p = 0.008). Notably, the triple combination of variants in KRAS, LRP1B, and TP53 positively impacted both OS (p = 0.026) and merged PFS (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

This study suggests that combination of the LRP1B and KRAS variants identified through our novel molecular classification scheme leads to better outcomes following ICB treatment in NSCLC. The addition of TP53 improves the outcome even further. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that harboring a combination of KRAS, LRP1B, and TP53 variants can significantly enhance the response to ICB, suggesting a novel predictive biomarker combination for NSCLC patients.
High familial risks in some rare cancers may pinpoint to hidden germline genetics: focus on esophageal, stomach, small intestinal, testis, thyroid and bone cancers
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Hemminki Otto , Koskinen Anni , Hemminki Akseli , Försti Asta
Published: February 2025

Background

Germline genetic susceptibilities of rare cancers of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, testis, (nonmedullary) thyroid gland and bone with high familial risks are not well known. Here, we use familial risk data from the Swedish Family-Cancer Database which contains records of cancers in Swedish families obtained over a century. We compare familial risks for offspring diagnosed with any of these cancers when their parent had or had not that cancer. We review the global literature of the reported constitutional variants that may explain part of the familial risk.

Main body

Familial risks for esophageal and stomach cancers are about 2.0 and apart from early-onset stomach cancer few high-risk variants are known. Genetic studies may be hampered by dominant environmental risk factors for these cancers. Small intestinal carcinoids have a very high familial risk (28 between siblings) but no high-risk genes have been identified to explain this. Low-risk polygenic variants have been identified. Small intestinal adenocarcinoma is a manifestation in Lynch syndrome. Testicular and thyroid cancers are characterized by high familial risk (about 5) which may be explained largely by a polygenic background, although thyroid cancer is a component in a number of rare cancer syndromes. Several predisposing genes have been identified for bone cancer (familial risk 7).

Conclusions

The discussed cancers are rare and they present with a relatively high familial risk, in spite of lacking identified high-penetrant constitutional variants. It is possible that the polygenic component, already recognized for testis cancer, is stronger than previously expected. Thus polygenic models with rare high/moderate- and low-risk variants could fit the familial risk and shape the germline genetic landscape of these cancers. Polygenic background may have clinical implications.
Corticosteroid and antimicrobial therapy in macrolide-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia porcine model
Authors: Motos Ana , Yang Minlan , Battaglini Denise , Yang Hua , Meli Andrea , Bobi Joaquim , Cabrera Roberto , Tanzella Giacomo , Vargas Carmen Rosa , Arrieta Marta , Llonch Blanca , Rovira-Ribalta Nona , Barbeta Enric , di Giannatale Pierluigi , Nogas Stefano , Fernández-Barat Laia , Rigol Montserrat , Kiarostami Kasra , Martín-Loeches Ignacio , Vila Jordi , Martinez Daniel , Bassi Gianluigi Li , Torres Antoni
Published: February 2025

Background

Streptococcus pneumoniae, a primary cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is typically treated with β-lactams and macrolides or quinolones. Corticosteroids are now recommended as adjunctive therapy in severe CAP to improve outcomes. In this prospective randomized animal study, we evaluated the bactericidal efficacy of various antibiotic regimens combined with corticosteroids using a porcine pneumococcal pneumonia model.

Results

In 30 White-Landrace female pigs, pneumonia was induced by intrabronchial inoculation of macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae 19A isolate. Animals were randomized to receive saline, ceftriaxone (CRO) with levofloxacin (LVX), CRO with azithromycin (AZM), or combinations of these with methylprednisolone (MP). The primary outcome, S. pneumoniae concentrations in lung tissue after 48 h of treatment, showed that the CRO + LVX, CRO + AZM, CRO + LVX + MP, and CRO + AZM + MP groups were equally effective in reducing bacterial load. However, complete bacterial eradication from lung tissue was achieved only in the CRO + AZM + MP group. Secondary outcomes, including bacterial burden in tracheal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples, showed similar bactericidal activity across all treatment groups. The CRO + AZM + MP group demonstrated the most controlled inflammatory response, achieving baseline levels of inflammation, while other groups exhibited elevated inflammatory markers.

Conclusions

Despite using a macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae isolate, the combination of CRO, AZM, and MP achieves similar or even superior results compared to other antibiotic combinations. This regimen provides both bactericidal and immunomodulatory benefits, suggesting its effectiveness in treating macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae pneumonia.