bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-area silicon photonic crystal supporting bound states in the continuum and optical sensing formed by nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Zhao Huijuan , Cao Xinyi , Dong Qiao , Song Chunyuan , Wang Lianhui , Gao Li
Published: January 2023

The quasi-BIC modes are formed in silicon photonic crystal slabs by controlling both the lateral and vertical etched geometries. A high Q factor of 136, sensitivity of 1703 nm per RIU and figure-of-merit of 65.5 are observed in the optical sensor experiments.
Recent progress in the oxidative bromination of arenes and heteroarenes
Authors: Jiang Da-Bo , Wu Fei-Yue , Cui Hai-Lei
Published: January 2023

This review summarizes recent developments in the field of oxidative preparation of bromoarenes and bromoheteroarenes covering from 2012 to 2022.
Models versus pathogens: how conserved is the FtsZ in bacteria?
Authors: Battaje Rachana Rao , Piyush Ravikant , Pratap Vidyadhar , Panda Dulal
Published: January 2023

Combating anti-microbial resistance by developing alternative strategies is the need of the hour. Cell division, particularly FtsZ, is being extensively studied for its potential as an alternative target for anti-bacterial therapy. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli are the two well-studied models for research on FtsZ, the leader protein of the cell division machinery. As representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively, these organisms have provided an extensive outlook into the process of cell division in rod-shaped bacteria. However, research on other shapes of bacteria, like cocci and ovococci, lags behind that of model rods. Even though most regions of FtsZ show sequence and structural conservation throughout bacteria, the differences in FtsZ functioning and interacting partners establish several different modes of division in different bacteria. In this review, we compare the features of FtsZ and cell division in the model rods B. subtilis and E. coli and the four pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Reviewing several recent articles on these pathogenic bacteria, we have highlighted the functioning of FtsZ, the unique roles of FtsZ-associated proteins, and the cell division processes in them. Further, we provide a detailed look at the anti-FtsZ compounds discovered and their target bacteria, emphasizing the need for elucidation of the anti-FtsZ mechanism of action in different bacteria. Current challenges and opportunities in the ongoing journey of identifying potent anti-FtsZ drugs have also been described.
Erfolgreiche mikrochirurgische Replantation einer vollständig
amputierten, in Eis gefrorenen Fingerpulpa: Fallbericht und
Literaturübersicht
Authors: Winterholer Dorrit , Fritsche Elmar , Kulakli Elif , Giesen Thomas
Published: January 2023

Die mikrochirurgische Replantation von falsch asservierten und für den
Transport nicht korrekt gelagerten Amputaten wird gemeinhin als
unmöglich und ohne Aussicht auf Erfolg beurteilt. Dies gilt insbesondere
für Amputate, welche einen Kälteschaden durch längeres
Gefrieren des Gewebes aufweisen. Wir stellen einen Fall vor, bei dem es gelang,
eine amputierte Fingerpulpa, die in Eis vollständig gefroren war,
erfolgreich zu replantieren. Wir geben eine Übersicht über die
Literatur zum Thema der falschen Asservierung von Amputaten und deren negativen
Effekten auf Erfolgsaussichten zur Replantation.
New Avenues for Organic Redox Materials as Sustainable Lithium-ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Gupta Shilpa Jain , Vlad Alexandru
Published: January 2023

As the demand for electrification of means of transportation and storage of electrical energy for later use is skyrocketing, rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are at the heart of this revolution. Acknowledging the carbon footprints, environmental concerns and cost of the commercial cathode materials, this is the high time to advocate sustainable alternatives. This review aims at establishing the potential of organic redox-active molecules as a burgeoning class of sustainable solid cathode materials for LIBs. The materials are classified according to their structural features (molecules, metallo-organic complexes, and organic/metal–organic frameworks) and electrochemical performance to lay emphasis on practical applications and bottlenecks in commercialization. However, these materials are still in early stages of development, and new frontiers have been explored in the last five years.
Maternal Transmission of the PAX7 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms among Indian Cleft Trios
Authors: Khan Mahamad Irfanulla , C.S Prashanth , Mustak Mohammed S. , Nizamuddin Sheikh
Published: January 2023

Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the human face with a complex etiology involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Several studies have shown the association of the paired box 7 (PAX7) gene with CL/P in different populations worldwide. However, the current literature reveals no reported case-parent trio studies to evaluate the association between the PAX7 gene and the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in the Indian population. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the PAX7 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the etiology of NSCL/P among the Indian cleft trios. Forty Indian case-parent trios of NSCL/P were included. The cases and their parents' genomic DNA were extracted. The SNPs rs9439714, rs1339062, rs6695765, rs742071, and rs618941of the PAX7 gene were genotyped using the Agena Bio MassARRAY analysis. The allelic transmission disequilibrium test was performed using PLINK software while pair-wise linkage disequilibrium by the Haploview program. The SNP rs9439714 showed evidence of association (p-value = 0.02, odds ratio = 3) with NSCL/P. Considering the parent-of-origin effects, the SNPs rs9439714 and rs618941 showed an excess maternal transmission of allele C at rs9439714 (p-value = 0.05) and G allele at rs618941 (p-value = 0.04). The results of the present study suggested that the SNPs rs9439714 and rs618941 showed an excess maternal transmission of alleles suggestive of the possible role of the PAX7 gene involvement in the etiology of NSCL/P in the Indian population.
“fhircrackr”: An R Package Unlocking Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources for Statistical Analysis
Authors: Palm Julia , Meineke Frank A. , Przybilla Jens , Peschel Thomas
Published: January 2023

Background The growing interest in the secondary use of electronic health record (EHR) data has increased the number of new data integration and data sharing infrastructures. The present work has been developed in the context of the German Medical Informatics Initiative, where 29 university hospitals agreed to the usage of the Health Level Seven Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard for their newly established data integration centers. This standard is optimized to describe and exchange medical data but less suitable for standard statistical analysis which mostly requires tabular data formats.

Objectives The objective of this work is to establish a tool that makes FHIR data accessible for standard statistical analysis by providing means to retrieve and transform data from a FHIR server. The tool should be implemented in a programming environment known to most data analysts and offer functions with variable degrees of flexibility and automation catering to users with different levels of FHIR expertise.

Methods We propose the fhircrackr framework, which allows downloading and flattening FHIR resources for data analysis. The framework supports different download and authentication protocols and gives the user full control over the data that is extracted from the FHIR resources and transformed into tables. We implemented it using the programming language R [1] and published it under the GPL-3 open source license.

Results The framework was successfully applied to both publicly available test data and real-world data from several ongoing studies. While the processing of larger real-world data sets puts a considerable burden on computation time and memory consumption, those challenges can be attenuated with a number of suitable measures like parallelization and temporary storage mechanisms.

Conclusion The fhircrackr R package provides an open source solution within an environment that is familiar to most data scientists and helps overcome the practical challenges that still hamper the usage of EHR data for research.
Multiallelic Copy Number Variation in ORM1 is Associated with Plasma Cell-Free DNA Levels as an Intermediate Phenotype for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Martin-Fernandez Laura , Garcia-Martínez Iris , Lopez Sonia , Martinez-Perez Angel , Vilalta Noelia , Plaza Melania , Moret Carla , Viñuela Ana , Brown Andrew A. , Panousis Nikolaos I. , Buil Alfonso , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T. , Corrales Irene , Souto Juan Carlos , Vidal Francisco , Soria Jose Manuel
Published: January 2023

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease with high heritability. However, only a small portion of the genetic variance of VTE can be explained by known genetic risk factors. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been associated with prothrombotic activity. Therefore, the genetic basis of NETs could reveal novel risk factors for VTE. A recent genome-wide association study of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels in the Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia 2 (GAIT-2) Project showed a significant associated locus near ORM1. We aimed to further explore this candidate region by next-generation sequencing, copy number variation (CNV) quantification, and expression analysis using an extreme phenotype sampling design involving 80 individuals from the GAIT-2 Project. The RETROVE study with 400 VTE cases and 400 controls was used to replicate the results. A total of 105 genetic variants and a multiallelic CNV (mCNV) spanning ORM1 were identified in GAIT-2. Of these, 17 independent common variants, a region of 22 rare variants, and the mCNV were significantly associated with cfDNA levels. In addition, eight of these common variants and the mCNV influenced ORM1 expression. The association of the mCNV and cfDNA levels was replicated in RETROVE (p-value = 1.19 × 10−6). Additional associations between the mCNV and thrombin generation parameters were identified. Our results reveal that increased mCNV dosages in ORM1 decreased gene expression and upregulated cfDNA levels. Therefore, the mCNV in ORM1 appears to be a novel marker for cfDNA levels, which could contribute to VTE risk.
Preoperative Identification and Management of Anemia in the Colorectal Surgery Patient
Authors: Lynch Kevin T. , Hassinger Taryn E.
Published: January 2023

Preoperative anemia is a common finding in patients undergoing colorectal surgery, particularly those with cancer. While often multifactorial, iron deficiency anemia remains the most common cause of anemia in this patient population. Although seemingly innocuous, preoperative anemia is associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications and need for allogenic blood transfusions, both of which may worsen cancer-specific survival. Preoperative correction of anemia and iron deficiency is thus necessary to diminish these risks. Current literature supports preoperative screening for anemia and iron deficiency in patients slated to undergo colorectal surgery for malignancy or for benign conditions with associated patient- or procedure-related risk factors. Accepted treatment regimens include iron supplementation—either oral or intravenous—as well as erythropoietin therapy. Autologous blood transfusion should not be utilized as a treatment for preoperative anemia when there is time to implement other corrective strategies. Additional study is still needed to better standardize preoperative screening and optimize treatment regimens.
Perioperative Nutritional Considerations in Colon and Rectal Surgery
Authors: Curran Thomas
Published: January 2023

Malnutrition is common in surgical patients and is associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality. Dedicated assessment of nutritional status is advised by major nutrition and surgical societies. Assessment may utilize comprehensive and validated nutritional assessment tools or targeted history, physical examination with accompanying serologic markers to identify nutritional risk preoperatively. Emergent surgery in malnourished patients should proceed as the clinical situation dictates with consideration of ostomy or primary anastomosis with proximal fecal diversion to mitigate postoperative infectious complications. Nonemergent surgery should be delayed to facilitate nutritional optimization via oral nutritional supplementation preferably and total parenteral nutrition if necessary for at least 7 to 14 days. Exclusive enteral nutrition may be considered to optimize nutritional status and inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease. Immunonutrition use in the preoperative setting is not supported by evidence. Perioperative and postoperative immunonutrition may be of benefit but requires dedicated study in the contemporary era. Close attention to preoperative nutritional status and optimization represents a critical opportunity to improve outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Combined breakdown of a dielectric nanolayer to form a Josephson bridge
Authors: Krevsun A. V. , Bondarenko S. I. , Koverya V. P.
Published: January 2023

The electrical breakdown of a dielectric nanolayer between film electrodes under the combined action of direct current and capacitor discharge current makes it possible to form Josephson bridges with a reproducible resistance exceeding 1 Ω. A new feature of the formation of a bridge during the electrical breakdown, which is preceded by a series of preliminary breakdowns (auto breakdowns) of a dielectric nanolayer, has been discovered. The mechanism of the process and the role of the cathode film's thickness in forming the bridge are discussed.
The need and promise of a qualitative description of large quantum coherent structures
Authors: Zagoskin A. M.
Published: January 2023

Design, characterization, and optimization of large artificial quantum structures (e.g., practically useful quantum computers) is hindered by the fact that their efficient simulation by classical means is fundamentally impossible. On the other hand, important information about such systems can be obtained from a qualitative analysis of their “general case” behavior. In particular, finding the universal dimensionless comb inations of their parameters (figures-of-merit), which control transitions between qualitatively different regimes of operation, will help establish the desired parameters of the system with the use of scaled experiments and model calculations.
Accounting for speckle-scale beam bending in classical ray tracing schemes for propagating realistic pulses in indirect drive ignition conditions
Authors: Ruyer C. , Loiseau P. , Riazuelo G. , Riquier R. , Debayle A. , Masson-Laborde P. E. , Morice O.
Published: January 2023

We propose a semi-analytical modeling of smoothed laser beam deviation induced by plasma flows. Based on a Gaussian description of speckles, the model includes spatial, temporal, and polarization smoothing techniques, through fits coming from hydrodynamic simulations with a paraxial description of electromagnetic waves. This beam bending model is then incorporated into a ray tracing algorithm and carefully validated. When applied as a post-process to the propagation of the inner cone in a full-scale simulation of a National Ignition Facility (NIF) experiment, the beam bending along the path of the laser affects the refraction conditions inside the hohlraum and the energy deposition, and could explain some anomalous refraction measurements, namely, the so-called glint observed in some NIF experiments.
Formation of a-type dislocations near the InGaN/GaN interface during post-growth processing of epitaxial structures
Authors: Moneta J. , Staszczak G. , Grzanka E. , Tauzowski P. , Dłużewski P. , Smalc-Koziorowska J.
Published: January 2023

Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies often reveal a-type dislocations located either below or above the interfaces in InGaN/GaN structures deposited along the [0001] direction. We show that these dislocations do not emerge during growth but rather are a consequence of the stress state on lateral surfaces and mechanical processing, making them a post-growth effect. In cathodoluminescence mapping, these defects are visible in the vicinity of the edges of InGaN/GaN structures exposed by cleaving or polishing. Finite element calculations show the residual stress distribution in the vicinity of the InGaN/GaN interface at the free edge. The stress distribution is discussed in terms of dislocation formation and propagation. The presence of such defects at free edges of processed devices based on InGaN layers may have a significant negative impact on the device performance.
Divergence-free turbulent inflow data from realistic covariance tensor
Authors: Dreze Yann , Hao Muting , di Mare Luca
Published: January 2023

Scale-resolving computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods require carefully constructed boundary conditions to produce accurate results. The inflow data should be unsteady and the successive realizations must follow specific statistics while ideally having a particular correlation in both space and time. A method for generating synthetic correlated stochastic data from uncorrelated sequences is detailed and applied to the problem of inflow turbulence generation for CFD simulations. The technique constructs divergence-free anisotropic random fields with the sensible spectrum and complete complex correlation in space and time. A realistic two-point correlation tensor is inferred from first and second moments and a set of heuristic recommendations based on turbulent flow observations. These statistics are readily available in most practical cases making the technique highly versatile. The approach is computationally efficient with the use of eigendecomposition to reduce the resources required depending on the accuracy needed. Demonstration of the method is provided with the simulation of a turbulent channel flow and a square duct flow, and validation is done against existing numerical data.
Vibrationally excited states of 1H- and 2H-1,2,3-triazole isotopologues analyzed by millimeter-wave and high-resolution infrared spectroscopy with approximate state-specific quartic distortion constants
Authors: Zdanovskaia Maria A. , Franke Peter R. , Esselman Brian J. , Billinghurst Brant E. , Zhao Jianbao , Stanton John F. , Woods R. Claude , McMahon Robert J.
Published: January 2023

In this work, we present the spectral analysis of 1H- and 2H-1,2,3-triazole vibrationally excited states alongside provisional and practical computational predictions of the excited-state quartic centrifugal distortion constants. The low-energy fundamental vibrational states of 1H-1,2,3-triazole and five of its deuteriated isotopologues ([1-2H]-, [4-2H]-, [5-2H]-, [4,5-2H]-, and [1,4,5-2H]-1H-1,2,3-triazole), as well as those of 2H-1,2,3-triazole and five of its deuteriated isotopologues ([2-2H]-, [4-2H]-, [2,4-2H]-, [4,5-2H]-, and [2,4,5-2H]-2H-1,2,3-triazole), are studied using millimeter-wave spectroscopy in the 130–375 GHz frequency region. The normal and [2-2H]-isotopologues of 2H-1,2,3-triazole are also analyzed using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy, determining the precise energies of three of their low-energy fundamental states. The resulting spectroscopic constants for each of the vibrationally excited states are reported for the first time. Coupled-cluster vibration–rotation interaction constants are compared with each of their experimentally determined values, often showing agreement within 500 kHz. Newly available coupled-cluster predictions of the excited-state quartic centrifugal distortion constants based on fourth-order vibrational perturbation theory are benchmarked using a large number of the 1,2,3-triazole tautomer isotopologues and vibrationally excited states studied.
Direct numerical simulation of heat transfer on a deformable vapor bubble rising in superheated liquid
Authors: Li Jiadong , Liao Yixiang , Bolotnov Igor A. , Zhou Ping , Lucas Dirk , Li Qing , Gong Liang
Published: January 2023

Heat transfer on a vapor bubble rising in superheated liquid is investigated by direct numerical simulation. The vapor–liquid system is described by the one-fluid formulation with the level set method capturing the interface. The proportional-integral-derivative controller is employed to keep the bubble's location fixed and evaluate interfacial forces. The heat transfer performance featured by the Nusselt number is evaluated based on the energy balance. Simulations are carried out for the bubble Reynolds number ranging from 20 to 500 and Morton number from 1.10 × 10−10 to 3.80 × 10−4. The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the effect of bubble deformation and oscillation on interfacial heat transfer. The results show that the front part of the bubble contributes to the majority of the interfacial heat transfer, while the rear part mainly affects the oscillation amplitude of the total heat transfer. The interface stretch during bubble oscillation is considered as a key mechanism in enhancing the instantaneous Nusselt number. The potential flow solution of the averaged Nusselt number is corrected by considering the influence of the aspect ratio. This research provides additional insights into the mechanism of interfacial heat transfer, and the results apply equally to interfacial mass transfer.
Review of bubble dynamics on charged liquid–gas flow
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Junfeng , Wang Zhentao , Li Bin , Yu Kai , Zhan Shuiqing , Huo Yuanping , Wang Hai , Xu Haojie
Published: January 2023

When a fluid is subject to an electric field, it usually processes unique features compared to the conventional fluid that arises from coupling between charged particles and fluid interface. Based on this commonality, we defined the concept of “charged multiphase flow” and constructed a generalized charged multiphase flow system using the “Tai Chi Diagram” to analyze the properties and features of different study objects, with an emphasis on the bubble dynamics on the charged liquid–gas flow object, covering the processes of bubble generation, motion, and interaction, as well as the important dynamic behaviors, involved such as bubble deformation, coalescence, and breakup. Furthermore, in light of the special plasma–liquid interface phenomenon formed by the ionization of the gas/vapor phase in the liquid phase in strong electric fields, the traditional gas–liquid–solid three-phase flow system is expanded into a broader range of multiphase flow systems involving plasma, which enriches the theoretical and frontier scientific problems of the multiphase flow. In addition, technical innovations, remaining work, and future trends in the development of the charged liquid–gas flow, and their potential applications are discussed.
An experimental study on the stability of hypersonic plate boundary layer regulated by a plasma actuation array
Authors: Yang Hesen , Liang Hua , Zhang Chuanbiao , Wu Yun , Li Zhehao , Zong Haohua , Su Zhi , Yang Bo , Kong Yakang , Zhang Dongsheng , Li Yinghong
Published: January 2023

Laminar–turbulent transition control is one of the key problems in the design of hypersonic vehicles. In particular, for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles, early onset turbulence in the boundary layer of a scramjet inlet precursor is desirable. Plasma actuation has become a popular flow control method in recent years and has made progress in regulating the stability of supersonic boundary layers. However, there have been few studies on the regulation of the stability of hypersonic boundary layers. In this paper, an experimental study on the stability of the hypersonic plate boundary layer is carried out using a spanwise plasma actuation array. The characteristics and evolution of different kinds of unstable waves in the hypersonic plate boundary layer (especially the dominant first mode wave) are analyzed based on the results of linear stability theory and high-frequency pulsation sensors. The typical morphological characteristics of the boundary layer and the macro-control effect of the plasma actuation array are explored through a high-speed schlieren method. Finally, based on grayscale mode extraction and proper orthogonal decomposition, the influences of three different actuation frequencies on the instability waves and characteristic structure of the boundary layer are studied, including the dominant frequency of the first mode wave, the half-frequency of the dominant frequency of the first mode wave, and the dominant frequency of the second mode wave, the change of characteristic structures under the regulation of plasma actuation is further discussed. The corresponding regulation rules and mechanisms are summarized. The results show that the plasma actuation array can advance the starting position of laminar discontinuities and that the induced coherent structure can excite instabilities at an earlier flow-direction position. The actuation can be used to control the stability of the boundary layer by acting on the first mode wave to break the original unstable wave spectrum characteristics. This verifies the ability of extensional array plasma actuation to regulate the stability of the hypersonic plate boundary layer and suggests it has great potential in the promotion of hypersonic boundary layer transition.
Synthesis of functional nitride membranes using sacrificial water-soluble BaO layers
Authors: Chen Shengru , Jin Qiao , Lin Shan , Hong Haitao , Cui Ting , Rong Dongke , Song Guozhu , Wang Shanmin , Jin Kuijuan , Zheng Qiang , Guo Er-Jia
Published: January 2023

Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) exhibit fascinating physical properties that show great potential in future device applications. Stacking two-dimensional TMNs with other functional materials with different orientations and symmetries requires separating epitaxial TMNs from the growth substrates. However, the lattice constants of TMNs are incompatible with those of most sacrificial layers, resulting to a great challenge in fabricating high-quality single-crystalline TMN membranes. In this study, we report the application of a water-soluble BaO sacrificial layer as a general method for creating freestanding TMN membranes. Using CrN as an example, the relatively small lattice mismatch and identical cubic structure between BaO and CrN ensure the formation of heterostructures. We directly observe the planar atomic structure and correlate its electronic state with its intrinsic transport properties using millimeter-size CrN membrane. Our research enables the fabrication of freestanding TMN membranes and transfers them to arbitrary substrates. By integrating TMN membranes with other materials will stimulate further studies in the emergent phenomena at heterointerfaces.
Pumping up the volume
Authors: Galbraith Catherine G.
Published: January 2023

The time and cost of annotating ground-truth images and network training are major challenges to utilizing machine learning to automate the mining of volume electron microscopy data. In this issue, Gallusser et al. (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202208005) present a less computationally intense pipeline to detect a single type of organelle using a limited number of loosely annotated images.
Mechanosensitive membrane proteins: Usual and unusual suspects in mediating mechanotransduction
Authors: Goodman Miriam B. , Haswell Elizabeth S. , Vásquez Valeria
Published: January 2023

This Viewpoint, which accompanies a Special Issue focusing on membrane mechanosensors, discusses unifying and unique features of both established and emerging mechanosensitive (MS) membrane proteins, their distribution across protein families and phyla, and current and future challenges in the study of these important proteins and their partners. MS membrane proteins are essential for tissue development, cellular motion, osmotic homeostasis, and sensing external and self-generated mechanical cues like those responsible for touch and proprioception. Though researchers’ attention and this Viewpoint focus on a few famous ion channels that are considered the usual suspects as MS mechanosensors, we also discuss some of the more unusual suspects, such as G-protein coupled receptors. As the field continues to grow, so too will the list of proteins suspected to function as mechanosensors and the diversity of known MS membrane proteins.
Data quality up to the third observing run of advanced LIGO: Gravity Spy glitch classifications
Authors: Glanzer J , Banagiri S , Coughlin S B , Soni S , Zevin M , Berry C P L , Patane O , Bahaadini S , Rohani N , Crowston K , Kalogera V , Østerlund C , Trouille L , Katsaggelos A
Published: January 2023

Understanding the noise in gravitational-wave detectors is central to detecting and interpreting gravitational-wave signals. Glitches are transient, non-Gaussian noise features that can have a range of environmental and instrumental origins. The Gravity Spy project uses a machine-learning algorithm to classify glitches based upon their time–frequency morphology. The resulting set of classified glitches can be used as input to detector-characterisation investigations of how to mitigate glitches, or data-analysis studies of how to ameliorate the impact of glitches. Here we present the results of the Gravity Spy analysis of data up to the end of the third observing run of advanced laser interferometric gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO). We classify 233981 glitches from LIGO Hanford and 379805 glitches from LIGO Livingston into morphological classes. We find that the distribution of glitches differs between the two LIGO sites. This highlights the potential need for studies of data quality to be individually tailored to each gravitational-wave observatory.
Electrical equivalent model of a long dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet for endoscopy
Authors: Bastin Orianne , Thulliez Max , Serra Teo , Nyssen Linus , Fontaine Thomas , Devière Jacques , Delchambre Alain , Reniers François , Nonclercq Antoine
Published: January 2023

Cold atmospheric plasmas are a known source of reactive species enabling various treatments, from the healing of chronic wounds to the treatment of surface cancers. Therapeutic endoscopic procedures require developing specific flexible tools that can be used through or alongside endoscopes. Plasma devices for endoscopy have aroused significant research interest over the past few decades, but their electrical behaviour is not yet fully understood and predictable. There is thus a clear need for a robust model that provides a way to understand and optimize future devices. In this work, for the first time, an electrical equivalent model of a long plasma source (comprising plasma generation, transport and target interaction) was designed, implemented, and validated. System parameters were estimated based on the system geometry and independent measurements. The model reliably reproduces the double ignition (in the quartz chamber and at the treatment site) observed experimentally. Simulations globally agree with measurements taken for various gas gap distances and input voltages. Internal parameters that are difficult to measure, such as the electrical charge at the gas gaps, were inferred. The model can predict leakage current in the body and current at the target site. This work provides a new understanding of endoscopic plasma systems that could be used in the future to ensure patient and operator safety.
Emergence of metallic surface states and negative differential conductance in thin β-FeSi2 films on Si(001)
Authors: Sagisaka Keisuke , Kusawake Tomoko , Bowler David , Ohno Shinya
Published: January 2023

The electronic properties of the surface of β-FeSi2 have been debated for a long. We studied the surface states of β-FeSi2 films grown on Si(001) substrates using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), with the aid of density functional theory calculations. STM simulations using the surface model proposed by Romanyuk et al (2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 155305) reproduce the detailed features of experimental STM images. The result of STS showed metallic surface states in accordance with theoretical predictions. The Fermi level was pinned by a surface state that appeared in the bulk band gap of the β-FeSi2 film, irrespective of the polarity of the substrate. We also observed negative differential conductance at ∼0.45 eV above the Fermi level in STS measurements performed at 4.5 K, reflecting the presence of an energy gap in the unoccupied surface states of β-FeSi2.
Adaptive filter entropy monitoring method for scalar magnetic detection using optically pumped magnetometers
Authors: Qiao Shuai , Wang Qimeng , Zheng Doudou , Hou Qingfeng , Zhao Junzhi , Tang Jun , Yanjun Li , Sugawara Yasuhiro , Ma Zongmin , Liu Jun
Published: January 2023

In this paper, an adaptive filtering minimum entropy detector (AF-MED) method is proposed, which is an improvement on the minimum entropy detector (MED) method. The improvement can be divided into two parts. Firstly, in view of the low detection rate of the MED method in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), an adaptive filtering technology is added, which can accurately and dynamically determine the frequency range of the magnetic field according to the moving speed of the magnetic target, and effectively restrain the influence of environmental noise on the magnetic field. Compared with the MED method, the detection rate is increased by 48%. Secondly, using the kernel density estimation method to calculate the probability density value, the advantage is that there is no need to make any predictions or assumptions about the target, which makes the method more convenient to achieve. Furthermore, in this study, numerous simulations and experiments were performed, and the cell averaging constant false alarm rate detector was used to calculate the detection rate. The average value of detection rates of AF-MED, MED and the orthogonal basis function (OBF) are about 69%, 21% and 43% respectively when SNR is low (SNR from −25 dB to −50 dB). The results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method over the MED and the OBF.
High-mobility and low subthreshold swing amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors by in situ H2 plasma and neutral oxygen beam irradiation treatment
Authors: Wu Chien-Hung , Mohanty Srikant Kumar , Huang Bo-Wen , Chang Kow-ming , Wang Shui-Jinn , Ma Kung-jeng
Published: January 2023

In this work, staggered bottom-gate structure amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with high-k ZrO2 gate dielectric were fabricated using low-cost atmospheric pressure-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD) with in situ hydrogenation to modulate the carrier concentration and improve interface quality. Subsequently, a neutral oxygen beam irradiation (NOBI) technique is applied, demonstrating that a suitable NOBI treatment could successfully enhance electrical characteristics by reducing native defect states and minimize the trap density in the back channel. A reverse retrograde channel (RRGC) with ultra-high/low carrier concentration is also formed to prevent undesired off-state leakage current and achieve a very low subthreshold swing. The resulting a-IGZO TFTs exhibit excellent electrical characteristics, including a low subthreshold swing of 72 mV dec−1 and high field-effect mobility of 35 cm2 V−1 s−1, due to conduction path passivation and stronger carrier confinement in the RRGC. The UV–vis spectroscopy shows optical transmittance above 90% in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The study confirms the H2 plasma with NOBI-treated a-IGZO/ZrO2 TFT is a promising candidate for transparent electronic device applications.
Robust reconstruction of fluorescence molecular tomography based on adaptive adversarial learning strategy
Authors: Zhang Peng , Song Fan , Ma Chenbin , Liu Zeyu , Wu Huijie , Sun Yangyang , Feng Youdan , He Yufang , Zhang Guanglei
Published: January 2023

Objective. Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is a promising molecular imaging modality for quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of tumor probes in small animals. However, traditional deep learning reconstruction methods that aim to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) and iterative regularization algorithms that rely on optimal parameters are typically influenced by strong noise, resulting in poor FMT reconstruction robustness. Approach. In this letter, we propose an adaptive adversarial learning strategy (3D-UR-WGAN) to achieve robust FMT reconstructions. Unlike the pixel-based MSE criterion in traditional CNNs or the regularization strategy in iterative solving schemes, the reconstruction strategy can greatly facilitate the performance of the network models through alternating loop training of the generator and the discriminator. Second, the reconstruction strategy combines the adversarial loss in GANs with the L1 loss to significantly enhance the robustness and preserve image details and textual information. Main results. Both numerical simulations and physical phantom experiments demonstrate that the 3D-UR-WGAN method can adaptively eliminate the effects of different noise levels on the reconstruction results, resulting in robust reconstructed images with reduced artifacts and enhanced image contrast. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method achieves better reconstruction performance in terms of target shape recovery and localization accuracy. Significance. This adaptive adversarial learning reconstruction strategy can provide a possible paradigm for robust reconstruction in complex environments, and also has great potential to provide an alternative solution for solving the problem of poor robustness encountered in other optical imaging modalities such as diffuse optical tomography, bioluminescence imaging, and Cherenkov luminescence imaging.
Quantum Lenoir engine in the presence of minimal length
Authors: Sukamto Heru , Yuwana Lila , Purwanto Agus
Published: January 2023

The effect of minimal length for quantum heat engine systems is proposed. We use a system of trapped Fermi particles in an infinite potential well. The thermodynamic cycle chosen is the reversible Lenoir cycle. We use both a single particle case and a multiparticle case. The result is that the minimum length increases the efficiency of the engine if the width of the potential well is infinitely small, and the maximum value is obtained when the width of the potential well is close to zero.
A coupled fractional-order system with fluctuating frequency and its application in bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: He Lifang , Liu Xiaoman , Jiang Zhongjun
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a coupled fractional-order system with fluctuating frequency driven by different periodic signals under various damping strength is investigated. Firstly, based on the Shapiro-Loginov formula and Laplace transform method, the expressions for the output amplitude gain (OAG) of the two subsystems are derived and the resonant behaviors of particles are analyzed. The OAG exhibits various resonance behaviors in response to variations in system parameters, input signals and dichotomous noise, including parameter-induced stochastic resonance, bona-fide resonance and stochastic resonance. Especially, the average behavior of the two output signals is synchronized when two subsystems’ input signals and damping strengths are equal, which is verified in the numerical simulation. Finally, the proposed system is applied to the bearing fault diagnosis to evaluate its engineering application value. The results prove that the system is effective in diagnosing fault signals and has excellent performance.
3D silicon detectors for neutron imaging applications
Authors: Povoli M. , Kok A. , Koybasi O. , Getz M. , O’Neill G. , Roehrich D. , Monakhov E. , Pedersen H. , Birch J. , Choolakkal A.H. , Kanaki K. , Lai C.-C. , Hall-Wilton R. , Slavicek T. , Llamas Jansa I.
Published: January 2023

Neutron detection is of great importance in many fields spanning from scientific research, to nuclear science, and to medical application. The development of silicon-based neutron detectors with enhanced neutron detection efficiency can offer several advantages such as spatial resolution, enhanced dynamic range and background discrimination. In this work, increased detection efficiency is pursued by fabricating high aspect ratio 3D micro-structures filled with neutron converting materials (B4C) on planar silicon detectors. An in-depth feasibility study was carried out in all aspects of the sensor fabrication technology. Passivation of the etched structures was studied in detail, to ensure good electrical performance. The conformal deposition of B4C with a newly developed process showed excellent results. Preliminary electrical characterisation of the completed devices is promising, and detectors have been mounted on dedicated boards in view of the upcoming tests with neutrons.
Strengthening Farmer Organization for Smallholder Farmers
Authors: Mustikaningrum Dhina
Published: January 2023

One of Smallholder farmers face various obstacles in developing their farming business including access to capital one of the efforts to answer the challenge is to strengthen farmer organizations. In Tuban, there is a HIPPA or Water User Farmers Association that is able to provide capital for farmers and contribute to Village Income. This study aims to analyze strategies to strengthen HIPPA Sekar Padi in Bandungrejo Village to increase capital loans for farmer and village income. The method used in this study is SWOT analysis based on the results of processing organizational documents and in-depth interviews with HIPPA administrators and farmers. The main strategy to strengthen HIPPA to contribute to village income and provide capital for farmers is reduce fuel and electricity consumption and ensure that the Tuban Regency Government accelerates the construction of flood prevention infrastructure. Through changing the electricity tariff class from business to industry, HIPPA can contribute 35-45 million rupiah to village income in dry season and more than 100 million rupiah to increase capital for famers. In the rainy season, HIPPA relies heavily on government policies to control floods. By increasing capital for farmers, it is hoped that it can help farmer access production facilities. By additional village income, the village government can build basic infrastructure and increasing social funds, so that the welfare of the smallholder farmers as part of SDG’s indicator can be improved.
Growth and fruit yield of sponge gourd (Luffa acutangulaL.) as influenced by combination of plant spacing and chicken manure
Authors: Fahreza A R , Aini N
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the growth and yield of sponge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) by adjusting the spacing and doses of chicken manure. A field experiment was conducted at experimental station of Brawijaya University, Malang Regency, East Java. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with one combination factor. The treatment combination is plant spacing + chicken manure doses, which consist of: P0 = 60 x 50 cm + 4 t ha−1, P1 = 40 x 50 cm + 4 t ha−1, P2 = 60 x 50 cm + 6 t ha−1, P3 = 40 x 50 cm + 6 t ha−1, P4 = 60 x 50 cm + 8 t ha−1, P5 = 40 x 50 cm + 8 t ha−1. Obsevation variables are number of Leaves, plant length, leaf area, fruit weight per fruit and fruit weight per plant, number of fruits, and yield of fruit. The results showed that the treatment with a spacing of 40 × 50 cm + 8 t ha−1 chicken manure significant increasing the growth and fruit yield of sponge gourd. However, the fruit weight per plant with a spacing of 60 × 50 cm + 8 t ha−1 chicken manure had a higher value than the treatment with a spacing of 40 × 50 cm + 8 t ha−1 chicken manure. R/C ratio of all treatments are more than one. The treatment with a spacing of 40 × 50 cm + 8 t ha−1 chicken manure is not only feasible to cultivate, but can also be used for sustainable agriculture.
Study of antibiosis of Streptomyces sp. from the land of shallot plants as biological agents of Fusariumsp. cause of Twisted diseases (Moler)
Authors: Suryaminarsih Penta , Mujoko Tri , Gusriyan K , Wijayanti Fitri , Mohammad Salmah
Published: January 2023

The use of bio pesticides and organic pesticides from secondary metabolic filtrate of APH microorganisms is one of the food and horticulture cultivation technology packages which are the basis for this research objective. The research objective was to explore, isolate and identify of Streptomyces sp. in the land of shallot plants (Abm) and the antibiosis against the pathogens Fusariumsp cause of Moler shallot plant in vitro. Observer of Quality and quantity characteristics of secondary metabolites as antibiosis, The results showed that Streptomyces sp from land of shallot plant (Abm) isolates producing little antibiosis less able to inhibit the development of the pathogens Fusariumsp cause of Moler shallot plant in vitro. The identification of Actinomycetes spp. based on the morphology characteristic showed that Actinomycetes isolates are closely related with Streptomyces sp.
Efficient matter-wave lensing of ultracold atomic mixtures
Authors: Meister Matthias , Roura Albert
Published: January 2023

Mixtures of ultracold quantum gases are at the heart of high-precision quantum tests of the weak equivalence principle, where extremely low expansion rates have to be reached with matter-wave lensing techniques. We propose to simplify this challenging atom-source preparation by employing magic laser wavelengths for the optical lensing potentials, which guarantee that all atomic species follow identical trajectories and experience common expansion dynamics. In this way, the relative shape of the mixture is conserved during the entire evolution while cutting in half the number of required lensing pulses compared to standard approaches.
Exploring the limits of ultracold atoms in space
Authors: Thompson R J , Aveline D C , Chiow Sheng-Wey , Elliott E R , Kellogg J R , Kohel J M , Sbroscia M S , Schneider C , Williams J R , Lundblad N , Sackett C A , Stamper-Kurn D , Woerner L
Published: January 2023

Existing space-based cold atom experiments have demonstrated the utility of microgravity for improvements in observation times and for minimizing the expansion energy and rate of a freely evolving coherent matter wave. In this paper we explore the potential for space-based experiments to extend the limits of ultracold atoms utilizing not just microgravity, but also other aspects of the space environment such as exceptionally good vacuums and extremely cold temperatures. The tantalizing possibility that such experiments may one day be able to probe physics of quantum objects with masses approaching the Planck mass is discussed.