bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Middle ear biofilm and sudden deafness - a light and transmission electron microscopy study
Authors: Li Hao , Staxäng Karin , Ladak Hanif M. , Agrawal Sumit , Rask-Andersen Helge
Published: December 2024

Background

There still exists controversy about whether the healthy human middle ear mucosa is sterile or if it may harbor a diverse microbiome. Considering the delicacy of the human round window membrane (RWM), different mechanisms may exist for avoiding inner ear pathogen invasion causing sensorineural deafness. We re-analyzed archival human RWMs using light and transmission electron microscopy after decalcification to determine if bacteria are present in clinically normal human middle ears. We also searched for the presence of inborn immune defensive mechanisms within the round window niche (RWN), as previously reported in non-human primate ears.

Materials and methods

Five round window niches, removed and directly fixed at transcochlear petroclival meningioma surgery, were re-investigated after ethical permission using light and transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of the RWM, including its bony attachment and pseudomembrane outline, was analyzed. Moreover, 64 human temporal bones were investigated using synchrotron phase-contrast imaging (SR-PCI) aiming to identify potentially “hidden” spaces, including the RWN potentially harboring infectious material.

Results

Histologic evidence of free-living bacteria and biofilm was found in 40% of RWNs in seemingly “healthy” middle ears. The RWM in these ears was pathologically changed with repealed epithelial and intercellular junctional integrity. Putative membranous defense machinery consisted of a lymphatic drainage system together with free phagocytic cells seemingly serving to protect the inner ear from alleged pathogens. Synchrotron analyses showed that a pseudomembrane was present in the human round window niche (RWN) in 80% of the specimens, of which 20% were complete. In 3%, the RWN contained dense tissue or serous fluid plugs partly obstructing the RWN. Infralabyrinthic clefts and tympanomeningeal fissures (Hyrtl’s fissure) were occasionally enclosed by delicate membranes near the round window. These may represent predilection sites for “hidden” infections potentially endangering inner ear function, particularly in connection with round window surgery.

Conclusion

Considering the fragility of the normal human RWM, we speculate that occult colonies of biofilm may be a factor in surgeries involving the RWM, sensorineural hearing loss, and hearing preservation/fibrosis following cochlear implantation, and more controversially in hidden perilymph leaks causing sudden deafness and labyrinthine pathology.
Dysphagia in multiple sclerosis: pathophysiology, assessment, and management—an overview
Authors: Restivo Domenico A. , Quartarone Angelo , Bruschetta Antongiulio , Alito Angelo , Milardi Demetrio , Marchese-Ragona Rosario , Iezzi Ennio , Peter Sheila , Centonze Diego , Stampanoni Bassi Mario
Published: December 2024

Dysphagia is a frequent and life-threatening complication of multiple sclerosis (MS). Swallowing disturbances may be present at all stages of MS, although their prevalence increases with age, with disease duration, and in progressive phenotypes. The pathophysiology of dysphagia in MS is likely due to a combination of factors, including the involvement of corticobulbar tracts, the cerebellum, and the brainstem. Accurate diagnosis and early management of swallowing disorders improve quality of life and may delay complications or invasive therapeutic interventions. Here we provide an overview of the pathophysiology, the assessment, and the management of MS dysphagia, also examining the possible role of novel therapeutic strategies. Although studies using imaging and neurophysiological techniques have contributed to better characterize swallowing alterations in MS, the treatment of dysphagia is still challenging. Rehabilitation represents the main therapeutic approach for swallowing disorders. Recently, some innovative neurophysiological approaches, such as pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been proposed as a supplement to swallowing therapy in different neurological conditions. However, only few studies have explored the role of neuromodulation for MS dysphagia.
A study of long-term GABA and high-energy phosphate alterations in the primary motor cortex using anodal tDCS and 1H/31P MR spectroscopy
Authors: Patel Harshal Jayeshkumar , Stollberg Lea-Sophie , Choi Chang-Hoon , Nitsche Michael A. , Shah N. Jon , Binkofski Ferdinand
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to modulate gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and cerebral energy consumption in the brain. This study aims to investigate long-term GABA and cerebral energy modulation following anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex.

Method

To assess GABA and energy level changes, proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were acquired before and after anodal or sham tDCS. In anodal stimulation, a 1 mA current was applied for 20 min, and the duration of ramping the current up/down at the start and end of the intervention was 10 s. In the sham-stimulation condition, the current was first ramped up over a period of 10 s, then immediately ramped down, and the condition was maintained for the next 20 min.

Results

The GABA concentration increased significantly following anodal stimulation in the first and second post-stimulation measurements. Likewise, both ATP/Pi and PCr/Pi ratios increased after anodal stimulation in the first and second post-stimulation measurements.

Conclusion

The approach employed in this study shows the feasibility of measuring long-term modulation of GABA and high-energy phosphates following anodal tDCS targeting the left M1, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms of neuroplasticity and energy metabolism, which may have implications for applications of this intervention in clinical populations.
Nutritional scores predict the prognosis of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Tan Junyi , Shi Xiaofeng , Pi Yinhuan , Xiang Mingque , Li Tianju
Published: December 2024

Background

Although malnutrition is associated with poor prognosis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients, no nutrition-based prediction model has been established for PTB. Herein, we explored the clinical utility of common nutrition scores in predicting the prognosis of PTB patients.

Methods

We retrospectively collected clinical baseline data from 167 patients with secondary PTB who had not previously received anti-TB treatment. Subsequently, we determined the CONUT score, PNI index, and NPS score and evaluated the treatment efficacy using changes in lung lesions revealed by the chest CT scan. The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to quantify the predictive values of CONUT, PNI, and NPS scores for anti-TB efficacy in new-onset PTB patients, and the critical CONUT, PNI, and NPS values were determined using the Youden Index. We also performed univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors in PTB patients to determine the nutrition scores and other clinical factors associated with the prognosis of patients with the new-onset PTB.

Results

The Youden Index revealed that the critical CONUT score value for patients with PTB was 4.5, with a sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 96.6%. In contrast, the critical cut-off values of the PNI index and the NPS score were 39.825 and 3.5, respectively. Univariate analysis of the predictors of poor prognosis in PTB patients showed that patients with diabetes, COPD, pneumonia, and hypoproteinemia (which were risk factors) had a poor prognosis (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the CONUT score, PNI, NPS, and NRS-2002 were independent predictors of unfavorable PTB outcomes, with adjusted ORs of 60.419 (95%CI: 16.186–225.524, p < 0.0001), 23.667 (95% CI: 9.317–60.115, p < 0.0001), 8.512 (95% CI: 3.762–19.257, p < 0.0001), 0.612 (95% CI: 4.961–39.161, p < 0.0001), respectively. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the CONUT score in predicting poor prognosis of PTB patients was 0.885 (95% CI:0.830–0.940, p < 0.0001), which is comparable to that of the PNI index (0.862, 95% CI: 0.805–0.920, p < 0.0001), but higher than that of NPS (0.774, 95% CI: 0.702–0.846, p < 0.0001), BMI (0.627, 95% CI: 0.541–0.717, p < 0.0001), and NRS-2002 (0.763, 95% CI: 0.688–0.838, p < 0.0001). We discovered that older patients (p < 0.0001), male participants (p < 0.05), and patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (p < 0.0001) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (p < 0.05) were more likely to have a high CONUT score.

Conclusion

The poor prognosis of PTB patients was related to a high CONUT score, low PNI index, and high NPS score, of which the specificity and sensitivity of the CONUT score were higher than those of the PNI index and the NPS score.
Dietary fiber influence on overall health, with an emphasis on CVD, diabetes, obesity, colon cancer, and inflammation
Authors: Alahmari Layla A.
Published: December 2024

Dietary fiber, found in plant-based foods, plays an essential role in human health. It is divided into two types—soluble and insoluble—both offering significant health benefits. Research has shown that increasing fiber intake can reduce the risk of various chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type II diabetes, obesity, colon cancer, and inflammation. These health conditions are major global challenges, making fiber consumption a key focus for disease prevention. This study reviews a range of clinical trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses to explore how dietary fiber affects these health risks. By synthesizing data from multiple sources, we found a clear association between higher fiber intake and a lower incidence of these diseases. However, studying the effects of fiber on health presents several challenges. Variations in fiber types and bioavailability make it difficult to generalize results. Additionally, dietary intake is often self-reported, leading to potential inaccuracies in data. Many studies also lack consistency in methodology, and short study durations limit the ability to assess long-term health outcomes. These factors make it harder to draw definitive conclusions about the full range of fiber’s health benefits. Despite these challenges, increasing fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes remains a highly recommended strategy for improving health and reducing the risk of chronic disease.
Case report: Outflow reconstruction with pre-frozen allograft blood vessels during in vivo partial hepatectomy followed by ex vivo tumor resection and partial liver autotransplantation for locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with background of cirrhosis
Authors: Chen Jun-Ze , Zhang Cheng , Su Rui-Ling , Jian Yong-Yuan , Huang Kai-Yong , Tan Xue-Lin , Chen Zhao , Liao Yong-Xin , Dong Chun-Qiang , Dong Kun
Published: December 2024

Ex vivo surgery and autotransplantation may provide a promising option for radical resection of conventionally unresectable liver tumors. Two cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has an “awkward seat” located in the “intrahepatic vascular triangle area (IVTA)” that consists of the middle hepatic vein (MHV), the right branches of the Glisson sheath, and the inferior vena cava (IVC), underwent in vivo extended right-half hepatectomy followed by ex vivo tumor resection and partial liver autotransplantation. Innovatively, the outflow of the tumor-free liver was reconstructed ex vivo using pre-frozen allograft blood vessels from brain-dead donors; the patients recovered well postoperation. We report the surgical experience to provide a novel curable surgical procedure for locally advanced IVTA liver tumors.
Huge extramedullary hematopoiesis mass in the posterior mediastinum: a case report
Authors: Junjun Zhao , Lingjun Dong , Zhifeng Ma , Chu Zhang , Haiyong Wang
Published: December 2024

Background

Extramedullary hemopoiesis (EMH) is a rare condition characterized by abnormal blood cell production outside the bone marrow, commonly occurring in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and less frequently in the mediastinum.

Case presentation

This case involves a 68-year-old male patient who was found to have a posterior mediastinal mass upon examination. A surgical biopsy was performed, and pathological examination confirmed it to be extramedullary hemopoiesis (EMH). Further investigation revealed that the patient also suffered from hemolytic anemia.

Conclusions

The report presents a case of a large posterior mediastinal mass, which was confirmed to be extramedullary hemopoiesis (EMH) upon surgical pathology. It is challenging to differentiate posterior mediastinal tumors from EMH, and the possibility of EMH should be considered in patients with posterior mediastinal masses that have similar CT findings and laboratory test results.
Implementation of the ProMisE classifier and validation of its prognostic impact in Brazilian endometrial carcinomas
Authors: Andrade Diocésio Alves Pinto , Bonatelli Murilo , de Paula Flávia Escremim , Berardinelli Gustavo Noriz , Teixeira Gustavo Ramos , dos Reis Monise Tadin , Barbin Flávia Fazzio , Andrade Carlos Eduardo Mattos da Cunha , Aguiar Vinicius Pereira , Hermoza Alejandro Delfos , Hirai Welinton Yoshio , Schmidt Ronaldo Luís , Reis Rui Manuel , dos Reis Ricardos
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Molecular classification of endometrial cancer (EC) has emerged as a key approach to individualize therapy and define prognostic outcomes. This study aimed to implement the traditional ProMisE classification in a Brazilian population, compared with a molecular setting of ProMisE biomarkers, and evaluate its impact on patients’ prognosis.

Patient and methods

A prospective cohort of 114 patients with primary EC treated at Barretos Cancer Hospital (BCH) between October 2020 and December 2022 was conducted. Pathology diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up data were collected. The traditional ProMisE methodology was carried out by POLE hotspot sequencing and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p53 and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. We further evaluate the MMR and TP53 status by molecular approach, namely microsatellite instability (MSI) by PCR-based and TP53 mutation analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The results of the 4 molecular groups in both methodologies were compared regarding agreement accuracy and survival outcomes.

Results

Among the 114 cases, the traditional ProMisE groups were: POLEmut 15.8%, MMRd 28.1%, p53abn 27.2%, and no specific molecular profile (NSMP) 28.9%. Considering the molecular classification approach, we observed a POLEmut group of 15.8%, MSI group of 23.7%, TP53 mutation of 27.2%, and NSMP of 33.3%. The concordance rate of both approaches was 86.8% (99/114 cases) with an overall accuracy of 0.87. Importantly, both traditional and molecular ProMisE approaches were associated with significant distinct overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes, with POLEmut patients exhibiting a better prognosis (93.8% OS, at 24 months), whereas the p53abn having a worse survival time (68.9% of OS, at 24 months).

Conclusion

We reported for the first time the Brazilian profile of the ProMisE classification of endometrial cancer and demonstrated the prognostic impact of the traditional and molecular ProMisE classification on patient outcomes.
Investigation of experimental signatures of spin glass transition temperature
Authors: Pradhan Sahil , Harrison David , Kenning Gregory , Schlagel Deborah L. , Guchhait Samaresh
Published: December 2024

We present a series of temperature and field-dependent magnetization studies of large single-crystal spin glass samples, focusing on both field-cooled (FC) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization studies, as well as ac susceptibility measurements. Using the above experimental techniques we aim to understand the nature of spin glass transition in presence of a field, a key factor in understanding the properties of these systems. Building on previous studies that have explored magnetic signatures indicative of spin glass transitions, our research employs a systematic approach to refine the identification of this transition temperature. Through static and dynamic measurements, we aim to shed light on the open issues regarding the key markers of spin glass transitions, enhancing our understanding of these complex systems.
Deep learning-based automated diagnosis of temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement and its clinical application
Authors: Yu Yue , Wu Shu Jun , Zhu Yao Min
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to develop a deep learning-based method for interpreting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement (ADD) and to formulate an automated diagnostic system for clinical practice.

Methods

The deep learning models were utilized to identify regions of interest (ROI), segment TMJ structures including the articular disc, condyle, glenoid fossa, and articular tubercle, and classify TMJ ADD. The models employed Grad-CAM heatmaps and segmentation annotation diagrams for visual diagnostic predictions and were deployed for clinical application. We constructed four deep-learning models based on the ResNet101_vd framework utilizing an MRI dataset of 618 TMJ cases collected from two hospitals (Hospitals SS and SG) and a dataset of 840 TMJ MRI scans from October 2022 to July 2023. The training and validation datasets included 700 images from Hospital SS, which were used to develop the models. Model performance was assessed using 140 images from Hospital SS (internal validity test) and 140 images from Hospital SG (external validity test). The first model identified the ROI, the second automated the segmentation of anatomical components, and the third and fourth models performed classification tasks based on segmentation and non-segmentation approaches. MRI images were classified into four categories: normal (closed mouth), ADD (closed mouth), normal (open mouth), and ADD (open mouth). Combined findings from open and closed-mouth positions provided conclusive diagnoses. Data augmentation techniques were used to prevent overfitting and enhance model robustness. The models were assessed using performance metrics such as precision, recall, mean average precision (mAP), F1-score, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and confusion matrix analysis.

Results

Despite lower performance with Hospital SG’s data than Hospital SS’s, both achieved satisfactory results. Classification models demonstrated high precision rates above 92%, with the segmentation-based model outperforming the non-segmentation model in overall and category-specific metrics.

Discussion

In summary, our deep learning models exhibited high accuracy in detecting TMJ ADD and provided interpretable, visualized predictive results. These models can be integrated with clinical examinations to enhance diagnostic precision.
Identification and characterization of CmPP2C31 playing a positive role in the abiotic stress resistance of Chinese chestnut via an integrated strategy
Authors: Wang Xuan , Shang Wenli , Li Mingyuan , Cao Fei , Wang Dongsheng , Wang Meng , Lu Yi , Zhang Haie , Shen Fei , Liu Jing
Published: December 2024

Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) is an important economic forest tree species and mainly cultivated in mountainous areas and wastelands, subjecting it to various abiotic stresses. The protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) genes contributes largely to stress responses in plants. However, the characteristics and functions of PP2C genes in C. mollissima remain unknown. This study provides comprehensive analyses (including phylogenetic, synteny, RNA-seq, transgenic and yeast one-hybrid methods) revealing the characteristics of CmPP2C gene, which plays an important role in response to abiotic stress. Here, we identified 68 CmPP2Cs in the Chinese chestnut genome, and analyzed their characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. Furthermore, synteny analysis revealed that segmental and tandem duplication drove the expansion of the CmPP2C family to adapt to natural environmental pressures. RNA sequencing and co-expression analyses indicated that four hub CmPP2Cs in two key modules probably play important roles in the resistance to abiotic stress in chestnut. Among them, CmPP2C31 was significantly down-regulated under drought stress. Transgenic experiments via pollen magnetofection revealed that CmPP2C31 could positively and significantly regulate the drought resistance of Chinese chestnut seedlings. Subcellular localization showed that CmPP2C31 was a nuclear protein. Yeast one-hybrid assays suggested that EVM0007407 could regulate CmPP2C31 expression by binding to its promoter, thereby participating in abiotic stress resistance. These findings in our study provided detailed information on the CmPP2C family genes and laid a foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of resistance to abiotic stress chestnut.
The interaction networks of small rubber particle proteins in the latex of Taraxacum koksaghyz reveal diverse functions in stress responses and secondary metabolism
Authors: Wolters Silva Melissa , Laibach Natalie , Riekötter Jenny , Roelfs Kai-Uwe , Müller Boje , Eirich Jürgen , Twyman Richard M. , Finkemeier Iris , Prüfer Dirk , Schulze Gronover Christian
Published: December 2024

The Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz) is a promising source of natural rubber (NR). The synthesis of NR takes place on the surface of organelles known as rubber particles, which are found in latex – the cytoplasm of specialized cells known as laticifers. As well as the enzymes directly responsible for NR synthesis, the rubber particles also contain small rubber particle proteins (SRPPs), the most abundant of which are SRPP3, 4 and 5. These three proteins support NR synthesis by maintaining rubber particle stability. We used homology-based searches to identify the whole TkSRPP gene family and qPCR to create their spatial expression profiles. Affinity enrichment-mass spectrometry was applied to identify TkSRPP3/4/5 protein interaction partners in T. koksaghyz latex and selected interaction partners were analyzed using qPCR, confocal laser scanning microscopy and heterologous expression in yeast. We identified 17 SRPP-like sequences in the T. koksaghyz genome, including three apparent pseudogenes, 10 paralogs arranged as an inverted repeat in a cluster with TkSRPP3/4/5, and one separate gene (TkSRPP6). Their sequence diversity and different expression profiles indicated distinct functions and the latex interactomes obtained for TkSRPP3/4/5 suggested that TkSRPP4 is a promiscuous hub protein that binds many partners from different compartments, whereas TkSRPP3 and 5 have more focused interactomes. Two interactors shared by TkSRPP3/4/5 (TkSRPP6 and TkUGT80B1) were chosen for independent validation and detailed characterization. TkUGT80B1 triterpenoid glycosylating activity provided first evidence for triterpenoid saponin synthesis in T. koksaghyz latex. Based on its identified interaction partners, TkSRPP4 appears to play a special role in the endoplasmic reticulum, interacting with lipidmodifying enzymes that may facilitate rubber particle formation. TkSRPP5 appears to be involved in GTPase-dependent signaling and TkSRPP3 may act as part of a kinase signaling cascade, with roles in stress tolerance. TkSRPP interaction with TkUGT80B1 draws a new connection between TkSRPPs and triterpenoid saponin synthesis in T. koksaghyz latex. Our data contribute to the functional differentiation between TkSRPP paralogs and demonstrate unexpected interactions that will help to further elucidate the network of proteins linking TkSRPPs, stress responses and NR biosynthesis within the cellular complexity of latex.
Populism, familialism, and borders: the interplay of family and anti-Muslim immigration policies in Hungary
Authors: Linnamäki Katinka
Published: December 2024

Immigration and the defense of national borders have played a vital role in European right-wing populist discourses since the European border crisis in 2015. Western European populist anti-immigration policies are often intertwined with gender politics (as in femonationalism and homonationalism). Research on Central and Eastern Europe offers the opportunity to examine the relationship between populist, “illiberal” family mainstreaming and anti-immigration policies. The aim of this article is to fill a gap in literature, addressing a direct connection between the Hungarian government’s family politics and anti-Muslim immigration policies. How has an ideological understanding of “family” legitimated the Hungarian government’s border politics since 2015? This question is addressed using qualitative content analysis and framing analysis to examine government material dated 2015–2023 (Modifications of the Fundamental Law, National Consultations, and material related to the Budapest Demographic Summit). The article demonstrates how border politics are informed and legitimated by discourses around Christian “families.” An antagonism between “illiberal” family policies and “liberal” immigration policies is forged around two discursive frames: economics and human rights. According to the government, pro-immigration border policies threaten the sustainability of its family policies—and indirectly the Hungarian “families” —as both are fighting for finite economic resources. Besides, it is argued that mass Muslim immigration threatens Hungary’s national self-identity, which is strongly rooted in Christianity and familialism. The results suggest that family politics, beyond serving as a biopolitical tool, provide an ideological platform on which nationalism, populism, and illiberalism are effectively merged as the foundation of the Hungarian government’s “illiberal” politics. In its ideological sense, “family” acts as a signifier for the “illiberal” political community. In this context, immigration is framed not solely as a biopolitical threat, but is used by the Hungarian government to discursively constitute a frontier of “us.” This frontier is primarily drawn between “us” and the European Union’s pro-immigration policies, and only indirectly between “us” and the immigrants themselves.
Optimization design and experiment of cam-elliptical gear combined vegetables curved surface labeling mechanism
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhou Heng , Chen Jianneng , Tong Junhua , Liu Yang , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

To address the problems of the labeling curved surfaces vegetable with long label, such as the label wrinkled and the easy detachment, a cam-elliptical gear combined labeling mechanism with an improved hypocycloid trajectory is proposed. Provide the process of the mechanism, and establish a kinematic model of the mechanism. In order to improve the motion performances of the cam-elliptical gear combined labeling mechanism and avoid labels damage, the NSGA-II algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the mechanism, resulting in 80 sets of Pareto solutions. The entropy weight TOPSIS method is applied as a quadratic optimization to select an optimal solution from the 80 sets of Pareto solutions and obtain the optimized parameters of the mechanism. A comparative study is conducted with an elliptical-circular planetary gear mechanism using the hypocycloid trajectory. The results show that the improved mechanism reduces the maximum velocity by 7%, the maximum and minimum accelerations by 2% and 18%. After the quadratic optimization the distance error of the center point of suction cup and the labeling point is reduced from 1.3 mm to 0.12 mm, and the velocity during labeling and taking position is reduced from 0.10770 m s−1 to 0.0037 m s−1. The correctness of the proposed method is validated through simulation studies and experiments. This research provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of long label and curved surface labeling mechanism for vegetables.
Comparative analysis of creative problem solving tasks across age groups using modular cube robotics
Authors: Anik Mehedi Hasan , Romero Margarida
Published: December 2024

Creative Problem Solving (CPS) is an important competency when using digital artifacts for educational purposes. Using a dual-process approach, this study examines the divergent thinking scores (fluidity, flexibility, and originality) and problem-solving speed in CPS of different age groups. Participants engaged in CreaCube CPS tasks with educational robotics for two consecutive instances, with performance analyzed to explore the influence of prior experience and creative intentions. In the first instance, infants and children demonstrated greater originality compared to seniors, solving problems quickly but with less originality. In the second instance, teens, young adults, and seniors showed enhanced originality. The results highlight trends influenced by prior experience and creative intentions, emphasizing the need for customized instructions with modular robotics to improve CPS across the lifespan.
Intimate partner violence and its relation to sexual health outcomes across different adult populations: a systematic review
Authors: Calvillo Cristobal , Marshall Alexandra , Gafford Stefani , Montgomery Brooke E. E.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) significantly impacts adults' wellbeing, causing both physical and psychological harm. IPV has been consistently linked to adverse sexual health outcomes, including an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, and sexual dysfunction. This systematic review examines the evolving relationship between IPV and sexual health outcomes in adults from 2014 to 2024, addressing gaps in understanding across diverse populations and exploring the complex interplay between violence, sexuality, and health.

Methods

A comprehensive search of multiple databases was conducted for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2014 and February 2024. Studies examining the association between IPV and sexual health variables in adult populations (aged 18 and older) were included. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, and 27 articles met the inclusion criteria after full-text screening and quality assessment.

Results

IPV was consistently associated with poorer sexual health outcomes across diverse populations and contexts. Studies utilized various validated instruments to assess IPV and sexual health. Research primarily focused on cisgender heterosexual women, with limited studies on cisgender heterosexual men, men who have sex with men, and transgender individuals. IPV was linked to an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, sexual dysfunction, and decreased sexual satisfaction. The relationship between IPV and sexual health was influenced by factors such as gender identity, sexual orientation, and cultural context.

Discussion

The review highlights the complex relationship between IPV and sexual health, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and culturally sensitive approaches. Significant research gaps exist, particularly regarding lesbian women and non-binary individuals. Future studies should employ mixed-methods approaches and consider intersectionality to provide a more comprehensive understanding of IPV's impact on sexual health across diverse populations.
Aspects of Regulation of Xenotransplantation in Europe
Authors: Tönjes Ralf Reinhard
Published: December 2024

The Council of Europe (CoE) and the European Union (EU) share the same fundamental values, i.e., human rights, democracy and the rule of law, but are separate entities which perform different, yet complementary, roles. The CoE brings together governments from across Europe, and beyond, to agree minimum legal standards in a wide range of areas. CoE monitors how countries apply the standards that they have chosen to sign up to. It provides technical assistance, often working together with the EU. The EU refers to those same European values as a key element of its political and economic integration processes. It often builds upon CoE standards when drawing up legal instruments and agreements which apply to the member states, furthermore, monitoring work in its dealings with neighbouring countries, many of which are CoE member states. At CoE, the European Committee on Organ Transplantation (CD-P-TO) is the steering committee in charge of organ transplantation activities. In the EU, the regulation on Substances of Human Origin (SoHO) was endorsed in 2024. The CoE and the EU thave concluded an agreement expanding their co-operation in the field of SoHO. In the BTC regulation, xenotransplantation is not included.
A Multidrug Donor Preconditioning Improves Steatotic Rat Liver Allograft Function and Recipient Survival After Transplantation
Authors: Xu Min , Alwahsh Salamah M. , Kim Myung-Ho , Kollmar Otto
Published: December 2024

The scarcity of donors has prompted the growing utilization of steatotic livers, which are susceptible to injuries following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This study aims to assess the efficacy of multidrug donor preconditioning (MDDP) in alleviating injuries of steatotic grafts following rat OLT. Lean rats were subjected to a Western-style diet with high-fat (HF) and high-fructose (HFr) for 30 days to induce steatosis. Both lean and steatotic livers were implanted into lean recipients fed with a chow diet after OLT. The HF + HFr diet effectively elevated blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels and induced fat accumulation in rat livers. Our results demonstrated a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase levels (p = 0.003), aspartate aminotransferase levels (p = 0.021), and hepatic Suzuki scores (p = 0.045) in the steatotic rat liver allograft group following MDDP treatment on post-operation day (POD) 7. Furthermore, the survival rates of steatotic rat liver allografts with MDDP (19/21, 90.5%) were significantly higher than those in the steatotic control (12/21, 57.1%, *p = 0.019). These findings indicate that MDDP treatment improves steatotic rat liver allograft function and recipient survival following OLT.
Characterization of In Situ Ruminal Degradation of Crude Protein and Individual Amino Acids from Ryegrass
Authors: Morales Álvaro G. , Navarro Álvaro R. , Pulido Rubén G. , Hanigan Mark D.
Published: December 2024

In temperate pasture-based dairy systems, ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a key forage due to its high crude protein (CP) content, yet its rapid ruminal degradation could limit the supply of rumen-undegraded protein and essential amino acids (EAAs) to dairy cows. This study aimed to investigate the in situ ruminal degradability of CP and individual amino acids (AAs) in fresh ryegrass at the vegetative stage. Three second-parity, rumen-cannulated Holstein Friesian cows (487 kg body weight, 16.5 kg milk/day) were used for the incubation of ryegrass samples collected in different seasons at the vegetative stage. The degradation kinetics were assessed using the Ørskov and McDonald model, with mathematical corrections for microbial contamination. Results showed that the effective degradability (ED) of AAs was generally higher than that of CP (p < 0.05), exceeding 2%, and that some EAAs, particularly lysine, exhibited an ED up to 5.5% greater than CP (p < 0.05). These differences underscore the need for caution when using CP as a proxy for AA degradation in dietary formulations. Given the high degradability of ryegrass AAs, it would be important to monitor and adjust their supply in diets with high ryegrass inclusion to prevent potential deficiencies that could impair milk production and reduce feed efficiency.
Spatial Variability of Soil Acidity and Lime Requirements for Potato Cultivation in the Huánuco Highlands
Authors: Quispe Kenyi , Mejía Sharon , Carbajal Carlos , Alejandro Lidiana , Verástegui Patricia , Solórzano Richard
Published: December 2024

Soil acidity is a major limiting factor for potato production in Peru’s high Andean region. This study aims to predict the spatial variability of soil acidity as a fundamental tool for recommending site-specific liming treatments and to identify the physical–chemical characteristics most closely related to soil acidity. The soil samples were collected from five locations in the province of Pachitea, Huánuco. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation analysis were used to identify the soil properties contributing most to total variance and those most strongly correlated with soil acidity. The ordinary geostatistical kriging method evaluated the predictive accuracy for 23 soil properties and liming requirements over a 28,463 ha area, at a spatial resolution of 10 m. Results showed that the Plaza Punta and Buenos Aires locations had more degraded acidic soils, with frequencies between 55% and 100% above the general mean (30.94 ± 24.87%) and the critical threshold (25%) for potato cultivation. Variables such as exchangeable calcium percentage (ECP), Ca2+, Mg2+, sand content, and organic matter strongly correlated with soil acidity, while exchangeable H+ and ECP were the main contributors to the total variance. Geostatistical analysis revealed that Mg2+ and Ca2+ had the highest R2 values (0.87 and 0.76, respectively), indicating a strong fit between observed and predicted values in the spatial analysis of soil acidity. It is concluded that the agricultural dolomite requirements in the localities of Plaza Punta and Buenos Aires exhibit high spatial predictability. Additionally, the analysis of diverse soil physicochemical properties is emphasized as critical for determining precise application rates.
Multiple Cropping Systems for Improving Crop Yield and Reducing Environmental Costs
Authors: Yin Xiaogang , Song Zhenwei
Published: December 2024

Multiple cropping, characterized as two or more crops planted in the same field either sequentially or simultaneously within a year [...]
Accuracy Improvement of Energy Expenditure Estimation Through Neural Networks: A Pilot Study
Authors: Veselý Tomáš , Smrčka Pavel , Kliment Radim , Vítězník Martin , Hon Zdeněk , Hána Karel
Published: December 2024

The estimation of energy expenditure (EE) is often an integral part of algorithms for wearable electronics. In field practice, procedures based on an indirect estimation of EE from the heart rate (using empirically or statistically based relationships) work correctly only in a narrow range of physical loads, yet they are current considered state of the art. This pilot study aims to experimentally assess novel method using a wide range of input sensors and parameters (heart rate, RR intervals, and 3D motion activity in several places on the body) and neural network (NN) algorithms. Our proposed method consists of training an NN on a specific subject, with a specific set and placement of sensors during the so-called training run, using the golden standard method of indirect calorimetry as a reference. Then, the subject’s EE can be estimated using trained NN. The results of the experiments (carried out on a total of 12 subjects during various physical activities) show a statistically significant improvement in EE estimation with the new prospective method, and it outperforms the state-of-the-art method based on the heart rate and regression model.
Is Running Technique Important to Mitigate Hamstring Injuries in Football Players?
Authors: Silva Marco P. , Fonseca Pedro , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Conceição Filipe
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Among the myriad of injuries affecting football players, hamstring strains have emerged as a persistent and debilitating concern, underscoring the need for novel approaches to reduce strain rates. The current study aims to analyze the impact of improved running technique on reducing hamstring injuries in football players. (2) Methods: Twenty-two male < 19 years old footballers were randomly assigned to an intervention and a control groups (n = 14 vs. 8), the former performing a running technique program of six weeks. Three-dimensional kinematics, using a markerless motion capture system, assessed linear and angular variables during touchdown and toe-off instants to evaluate pre- and post-intervention. Independent and repeated measure t-tests and effect size calculations were employed. (3) Results: A decrease in hip flexion and thorax external rotation during the touchdown (−2.39° and −2.02°, p ≤ 0.05) and a decrease in pelvic external rotation and an increase in stride length (−3.22° and 0.06 m, p ≤ 0.05) during toe-off for the players that engaged in the running technique development was observed. (4) Conclusions: These findings emphasize the significant impact of improved running technique and sprint mechanics, suggesting a potential decrease in the risk of hamstring injuries during high-speed running in football players.
An Analysis of Methodological Aspects in the Practice of Nautical Activities in Educational Centers
Authors: Medina-Rebollo Daniel , Saenz-Lopez Buñuel Pedro , da Silva Bento Pedro Jorge Paulino , Fernandez-Gavira Jesús , Fernández-Ozcorta Eduardo José
Published: December 2024

Currently, physical and sports activities in natural environments are viewed as valuable resources for combatting sedentary lifestyles, with water sports and related activities offering significant educational potential. However, these activities are not fully integrated into physical education programs, largely due to a lack of training in methodological approaches. This qualitative study interviewed ten stakeholders (including instructors, managers, and teachers from three countries) to analyze key methodological aspects necessary for effective implementation. The results revealed three main findings: (1) direct instruction emerged as the primary teaching approach, incorporating demonstrations and level-appropriate activities; (2) optimal learning occurs in small groups of 8–12 students per instructor; and (3) technical skill development should focus on sailing, kayaking, and paddleboarding. This study identified weather conditions as a key challenge, necessitating flexible planning. Based on these findings, this study provides practical guidelines for implementing water sports in educational settings, emphasizing the importance of structured teaching approaches, appropriate group sizing, and environmental considerations.
A Comparison of Omega-3 VLC PUFA Content of Premium and Budget Wild Pollock Fish Fingers Manufactured by the Same Producer
Authors: Kolanowski Wojciech , Charuta Anna , Trafiałek Joanna
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Sea fish with a high level of omega-3 very long-chain (VLC) PUFAs makes them a valuable component of a healthy diet. One of the most popular fish products is fish fingers, for which the market is still growing. The content of omega-3 VLC PUFAs in fish fingers may differ across price categories, such as premium or budget, despite being manufactured from the same fish species. Furthermore, the labelling of fish fingers typically fails to indicate the quantity of omega-3 VLC PUFAs present. It is unclear whether fish fingers can increase the amount of omega-3 VLC PUFAs in the diet. Hence, this study aimed to examine the content of omega-3 VLC PUFAs in pollock fish fingers from premium and budget price categories manufactured by the same producer and sold in supermarkets. (2) Methods: The premium fish fingers were made with pollock fillet and the budget ones with minced pollock meat. Fat content and fatty acids profile were analysed. (3) Results: The primary fatty acid found in fish fingers was oleic acid, followed by linoleic acid. Saturated fatty acids were less than 7%. This reflected the composition of frying fat, which was rapeseed oil. Fish fingers contained a dietary noticeable amount of omega-3 VLC PUFAs; for premium and budget fish fingers it was 283.01 mg and 123.44 mg per 100 g of product, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Not all fish fingers have the same nutritional value, despite being manufactured by the same producer and from the same fish species. Even though both were made from pollock, premium fish fingers were a better dietary source omega-3 EPA and DHA than a low-cost alternative. Eating three sticks (100 g) of examined pollock fish fingers, either premium or budget, can meet the recommended daily intake level of omega-3 VLC PUFAs at 100% or 50%, respectively.
Treatment of Swine Wastewater Using the Domestic Microalga Halochlorella rubescens KNUA214 for Bioenergy Production and Carotenoid Extraction
Authors: Seo Yu-Hee , Do Jeong-Mi , Suh Ho-Seong , Park Su-Bin , Yoon Ho-Sung
Published: December 2024

The management of swine wastewater (SW) presents significant environmental challenges, requiring solutions that combine effective treatment with resource recovery. This study highlights the dual role of microalgae in wastewater remediation and bioenergy production. H. rubescens KNUA214 was cultivated in media containing varying concentrations of diluted swine wastewater (DSW; 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%). Cultivating with Blue Green-11 (BG-11) medium + 50% DSW maximized biomass growth, the chlorophyll content, and carotenoid production. Nutrient removal efficiency in 100% DSW over 8 days demonstrated reductions of 59.3% in total nitrogen, 67.7% in ammonia nitrogen, and 40.7% in total phosphorus, confirming the species’ capacity for effective wastewater treatment. The carotenoid analysis using HPLC revealed that astaxanthin, lutein, canthaxanthin, and beta-carotene exhibited the highest levels in BG-11 + 50% DSW. Furthermore, the biomass analyses confirmed its potential for bioenergy applications, with high calorific values and significant polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations, enhancing its utility for bioenergy and biolubricant production. These findings position H. rubescens KNUA214 as an effective resource for integrating SW management with the sustainable production of high-value biochemicals, offering environmental and economic benefits.
Examination of the Validity and Reliability of the Greek Version of the Psychological Readiness of Injured Athlete to Return to Sport (PRIA-RS) Questionnaire
Authors: Krokos Dimitrios , Kandanoleon Andreas , Paraskevopoulos Eleftherios , Tsekoura Maria , Kapreli Eleni , Christakou Anna
Published: December 2024

The psychological readiness of athletes and its connection to their functional status in returning to sport after a musculoskeletal injury has been previously studied. The “Psychological Readiness of Injured Athlete to Return to Sport” (PRIA-RS) questionnaire is a widely used tool designed to assess an athlete’s psychological readiness to return to sport. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the PRIA-RS questionnaire in Greek football athletes. The questionnaire was administered to 113 football athletes, and its face validity, content validity, concurrent validity, construct validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency were assessed. The face and content validity of the PRIA-RS were supported, and an exploratory factor analysis confirmed the instrument’s original two-factor structure. Its concurrent validity was demonstrated by examining correlations between the PRIA-RS and three other measures: the Causes of Re-Injury Worry Questionnaire, the Sport Confidence Questionnaire for Rehabilitated Athletes Returning to Competition, and the Attention Questionnaire for Rehabilitated Athletes Returning to Competition. The PRIA-RS exhibited a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.82). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the test–retest reliability of each factor were excellent (ICC = 0.97−0.99). Overall, the PRIA-RS appears to be a valid and reliable tool that rehabilitation professionals can utilize in both clinical practice and research by realizing the athletes’ psychological needs and helping them to return safer with no future musculoskeletal injuries.