bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management tool for oenological decision-making: Modeling and optimization of a hybrid model for fermentative maceration of Cabernet Sauvignon
Authors: Luna Ricardo , Torrealba Cristóbal , Pérez-Correa J. Ricardo , González Álvaro
Published: December 2023

This work presents a hybrid model for Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) red wine-making that combines mechanistic and data-driven approaches to optimize the fermentation process and improve the quality of red wine. The model incorporates two sub-units representing the interaction between alcoholic fermentation and phenolic extraction, considering factors such as temperature, products addition, draining time, and must composition. To develop and validate the model, a database of 270 industrial CS fermentation from 2017-2021 harvest seasons was collected. The models were calibrated using experimental data, achieving an average R2 of 0.94 for fermentation kinetics model and 45% and 80.9% test accuracy for tannins and anthocyanins predictors, respectively. A multi-objective dynamic optimization problem was formulated and solved to find fermentation operation conditions that optimize simultaneously phenolic quality, process costs and productivity. A similar distribution of the Paretos were obtained for varietal and premium wines. Finally, these tools were packed in a digital platform for practical use in industrial cellars. The models generate the predictions and recipes prescription for each fermentation tank when the pre fermentative juice is analyzed. As a result, it is obtained useful information for wine decision-making like maceration length and wine phenolic composition at least five days in advance.
Nonzero-Sum Stochastic Impulse Games with an Application in Competitive Retail Energy Markets
Authors: Aïd René , Ben Ajmia Lamia , Gaïgi M’hamed , Mnif Mohamed
Published: December 2023

We study a nonzero-sum stochastic differential game with both players adopting impulse controls, on a finite time horizon. The objective of each player is to maximize her total expected discounted profits. The resolution methodology relies on the connection between Nash equilibrium and the corresponding system of quasi-variational inequalities (QVIs in short). We prove, by means of the weak dynamic programming principle for the stochastic differential game, that the equilibrium expected payoff of each player is a constrained viscosity solution to the associated QVIs system in the class of linear growth functions. We also introduce a family of equilibrium expected payoffs converging to our equilibrium expected payoff of each player, and which is characterized as the unique constrained viscosity solutions of an approximation of our QVIs system. This convergence result is useful for numerical purpose. We apply a probabilistic numerical scheme which approximates the solution of the QVIs system to the case of the competition between two electricity retailers. We show how our model reproduces the qualitative behavior of electricity retail competition.
Evaluating the influence of coir fibres on solar still efficiency and economic viability
Authors: Kumar N. Rajiv , Seenivasan S. , Hemalatha P. , Prakash Kode Jaya , Pitchandi P. , Sathiya R.D. , Girimurugan R.
Published: December 2023

The primary objective of this study is to determine the Coir fibres (CF) utilization in solar stills (SS) to boost the quantity of freshwater production. By placing dry CF fibres in the absorber basin, researchers were able to accelerate the rate at which water evaporated from the SS. Under various CF densities, the freshwater production of the absorber basin was measured (8, 11, 14, 18, 20, 23, and 26). The outcomes demonstrated that yield was raised by 27.23 percent after 18-fiber SSCF was added to the absorber basin. There were 14.27 percent, 19.40 percent, 24.57 percent, 25.00 percent, 16.28 percent, and 6.23 percent yield improvements for solar stills with 8, 11, 14, 18, 20, 23, and 26 fibres in the absorber basin, respectively, as compared to a CSS. The results demonstrate that compared to CSS, the cost to produce one litre of freshwater with SSCF is reduced by 23.1%. The return of investment for SSCF is much more immediate than it is for CSS. An estimated ₹242 was needed to produce 1 litre of freshwater using CSS, while an estimated ₹199 was needed to produce 1 litre of freshwater using SSCF. The payback time for SS was only 6.23 months, which was significantly less than that of solar panels. CF are preferable to other materials for use in the solar still due to their lower cost and higher energy efficiency.
RETRACTED: Preface
Authors: Kwilinski Aleksy , Lyulyov Oleksii , Pimonenko Tetyana
Published: December 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 456, 00002 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345600002
RETRACTED: Green Investments as Tools for Stimulating the Sustainable Financing of Logistics Systems Development
Authors: Kwilinski Aleksy , Trushkina Nataliia
Published: December 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 456, 00002 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345600002
RETRACTED: The struggles and triumphs of Indian women entrepreneurs on their path to achieving work-life harmony and career fulfillment
Authors: Kaushik Madhu Bala , Rajharia Poonam
Published: December 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 456, 00002 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345600002
RETRACTED: Consumer Behavior and COVID-19: Comparing Purchase Incentives and Ecological Awareness Changes
Authors: Letunovska Nataliia , Ziabina Yevheniia , Lyulyov Oleksii , Pimonenko Tetyana
Published: December 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 456, 00002 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345600002
RETRACTED: Sustainable Economic Growth Factors in the EU: Applying a Modified Cobb-Douglas Production Function with Renewable Energy and Digitalization
Authors: Piven Vladyslav , Kubatko Oleksandr
Published: December 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 456, 00002 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345600002
RETRACTED: Communicative Channels of Stakeholder Interaction as an Element of Ensuring Sustainable Development of the Business Sector
Authors: Chygryn Olena , Ziabina Yevheniia , Iskakov Andrii
Published: December 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 456, 00002 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345600002
RETRACTED: Network Analysis as a Research Method
Authors: Dzwigol Henryk
Published: December 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 456, 00002 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345600002
Retracted Article: Understanding the essence of immersive marketing for educational services and knowledge transfer
Authors: Artyukhova Nadiia , Artyukhov Artem , Rehak Robert , Lyeonov Serhiy
Published: December 2023

The authors have expressed the wish to retract this article on the grounds that the list of references is incorrect.

The Publisher and Editor(s) approved to the retraction.
RETRACTED: Management of green risk within attaining sustainable development goals
Authors: Pimonenko Tetyana , Lyulyov Oleksii , Kwilinski Aleksy , Us Yana , Korobets Olena
Published: December 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 456, 00002 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345600002
RETRACTED: Organizational and Economic Mechanism of Customer Relationship Management under the Era of Digital Transformations
Authors: Kwilinski Aleksy , Trushkina Nataliia , Birca Iulita , Shkrygun Yuliya
Published: December 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 456, 00002 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345600002
RETRACTED: Waste Management in European Countries: Indicators, Clustering, and Socioeconomic Implications
Authors: Khomenko Liliia , Rosokhata Anna , Nesterenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 456, 00002 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345600002
Karst hazard assessment in the design of a residential complex in Moscow
Authors: Khomenko Victor Petrovich , Leonenko Mikhail Vasilievich , Lavrusevich Andrey Alexandrovich
Published: December 2023

The composition and content of necessary engineering-geological research providing accident-free operation of buildings and constructions in karst areas are considered. These studies include karst hazard assessment and rational selection of karst protection measures. The results of the prognostic assessment of karst sinkhole formation possibility on the territory of about 4 hectares, allocated for construction of the first stage of the complex of residential buildings of different numbers of floors in the northwest of Moscow, are presented. The basis was the results of site investigations, during which, in particular, several dozen boreholes were drilled to uncover soluble rocks. Karst hazard assessment included an in-depth analysis of engineering-geological conditions of the future construction site and adjacent territories and took into account the possibility of the occurrence of karst sinkholes of different genetic types in this city area. When building forecasts and karst risk assessment, calculated methods of probabilistic and deterministic character were used, allowing to determine the necessary conditions and parameters of karst sinkhole formation in quantitative terms. The results of the karst hazard assessment were considered when selecting karst protection methods.
Heat transfer in a round channel with circulation of a non-azeotropic mixture
Authors: Zhukov Vladimir , Mezentseva Nadezhda , Sukhorukova Ekaterina
Published: December 2023

Mixtures are widely used as refrigerants and heat carriers in various energy systems. When a non-azeotropic mixture boils, a light-boiling component releases intensively, which leads to a change in its concentration both in the liquid and vapor phases. The studies were carried out using a non-azeotropic alcohol-water mixture with a mass concentration of ethanol of 20% in a round stainless steel channel. The inner diameter of the channel was 7.6 mm; the wall thickness was 0.2 mm. In this series of experiments, the absolute pressure in the vessel was maintained within 0.050.001 MPa. The range of liquid mass flow rates through the channel was 44–46 kg/m2s; the heat flux density was 1260–11981 W/m2. The wall temperature was measured at 10 points on the lower generatrix of the channel and at 3 points on the upper generatrix. It is shown that with a phase transition, the heat transfer coefficient on the upper generatrix of the channel is significantly higher than that on the lower generatrix of the channel. The heat transfer coefficient on the lower generatrix in the single-phase flow is approximately twice as high as in the two-phase flow.
Influence of SDS concentration on the formation of carbon dioxide hydrate in a colloidal solution of water + SDS + SiO2
Authors: Meleshkin Anton , Marasanov Nikita , Schemeleva Elizaveta
Published: December 2023

The paper presents a study of the formation of gas hydrate in a colloidal solution of water + SDS + SiO2. The influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the process of the kinetic promoter at various concentrations: 0, 100, 300, 500 ppm was studied. The process itself is described, the dependences of temperature and pressure changes on time for each case are presented. The conversions of gas and solution to the hydrate state are determined. Carbon dioxide was used as the hydrate-forming gas.
Determination of fishing efficiency and selectivity of multifilament trammel nets in pearl mullet, Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814), fishing in Lake Van, Turkey
Authors: Bozaoğlu Adem Sezai , Pala Kemal
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to determine the selectivity of multifilament trammel nets in pearl mullet, Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814), and fishing in Lake Van (east of Turkey). In line with this objective, the multifilament trammel nets with 20, 22 and 24 mm mesh sizes were tested in trials. The current study was conducted between September 2019 and April 2020. Thirty-four fishing operations were conducted in the 40–60 m depth range. The “SELECT” method was applied to determine the selectivity parameters. According to the results, the lengths of the optimum catching using nets with 20, 22 and 24 mm mesh sizes were calculated as 20.76 cm, 22.07 cm and 24.11 cm, respectively. The highest average CPUE in weight was 24 mm (6.007 kg/ 100 m / day). Considering the data obtained in the present study, the best optimum catch length and CPUE values for pearl mullet fishing were determined in multifilament trammel nets with a 24 mm mesh size. In conclusion, this study suggests that using a 24 mm mesh size in a lake for pearl mullet fishing will benefit fish stocks and local fishermen.
Reliability analysis of 5G-VANET using cloud-fog-edge based architecture
Authors: Bisht Ankit , Khaitan (nee Gupta) Vandana
Published: December 2023

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is an application which focuses on building and improving road safety and transportation system of all kinds. To contemplate the capabilities of the ITS applications, data transmission between vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) should be highly efficient and reliable. One of the important technologies that facilitates ITS to achieve its goal is Vehicular Ad hoc network (VANET) which has envisioned benefits ranging from autonomous vehicles, improving road safety and reducing traffic congestion to entertainment services for passengers’ convenience and comfort. However, with the emergence of 5G networks, it is imperative to integrate 5G and vehicular networks. To provide the needed resources for supporting these myriads of emerging applications, fog and edge computing have further been put into action at par with cloud computing. The technology of fog computing in 5G has turned out to be an adequate solution for faster processing in delay sensitive applications, such as VANETs, being a hybrid solution between fully centralized and fully distributed networks. Given the rise in popularity of ITS, which exhibit similarities to other intricate, interconnected systems, a substantial volume of data will be generated via vehicular networks. This data necessitates reliable and secure processing, highlighting the need for dedicated research on reliability. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the reliability and architectural issues of vehicular networks. In this paper, a novel architecture for fifth-generation VANETs (5G-V) is suggested which provides a seamless integration of 5G-V with cloud-fog-edge computing. A three-level hierarchical model is developed and its reliability metrics are obtained using analytical models. Stochastic modeling techniques like Markov chains and reliability block diagrams are used to develop these models. To demonstrate the viability of the given approach, numerical illustrations of the proposed models are presented graphically.
Deep learning radiomics of multimodal ultrasound for classifying metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy into primary cancer sites: a feasibility study
Authors: Zhu Yangyang , Meng Zheling , Wu Hao , Fan Xiao , lv Wenhao , Tian Jie , Wang Kun , Nie Fang
Published: December 2023

Purpose To investigate the feasibility of deep learning radiomics (DLR) based on multimodal ultrasound to differentiate the primary cancer sites of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy (CLA).

Materials and Methods This study analyzed 280 biopsy-confirmed metastatic CLAs from 280 cancer patients, including 54 from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), 58 from thyroid cancer (TC), 92 from lung cancer (LC), and 76 from gastrointestinal cancer (GIC). Before biopsy, patients underwent conventional ultrasound (CUS), ultrasound elastography (UE), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Based on CUS, DLR models using CUS, CUS+UE, CUS+CEUS, and CUS+UE+CEUS data were developed and compared. The best model was integrated with key clinical indicators selected by univariate analysis to achieve the best classification performance.

Results All DLR models achieved similar performance with respect to classifying four primary tumor sites of metastatic CLA (AUC:0.708~0.755). After integrating key clinical indicators (age, sex, and neck level), the US+UE+CEUS+clinical model yielded the best performance with an overall AUC of 0.822 in the validation cohort, but there was no significance compared with the basal CUS+clinical model (P>0.05), both of which identified metastasis from HNSCC, TC, LC, and GIC with 0.869 and 0.911, 0.838 and 0.916, 0.750 and 0.610, and 0.829 and 0.769, respectively.

Conclusion The ultrasound-based DLR model can be used to classify the primary cancer sites of metastatic CLA, and the CUS combined with clinical indicators is adequate to provide a high discriminatory performance. The addition of the combination of UE and CEUS data is expected to further improve performance.
Patient Perspectives on Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol
Dependence
Authors: Wellensiek Julian , Specka Michael , Just Johannes , Banger Markus , Bonnet Udo , Scherbaum Norbert
Published: December 2023

Introduction Pharmacotherapy with drugs like naltrexone or acamprosate is
a well-evaluated element in the treatment of alcohol dependence (AD). However,
in many countries, these medications are rarely administered. The objective of
the present study was to identify from patients’ perspective factors
that prevent the initiation and compliance with pharmacological treatment of
AD.

Methods Patients from inpatient alcohol withdrawal treatment underwent a
standardized interview. Questions included socio-demographic data, history of
AD, treatment history, knowledge and personal experience regarding
pharmacotherapy of AD, and personal views about the causes of AD.

Results Three hundred patients (mean age 47.3 years, 27.7% female,
mean duration of AD 8.9 years, 67% with a history of previous inpatient
withdrawal treatment) were included. The majority of patients (58.7%)
already knew drugs for the pharmacotherapy of AD. Thirty percent had ever used
such medications, most often acamprosate. Except for disulfiram, pharmacotherapy
of AD had lasted only a few weeks, on average. Medication usually had been
applied without additional psychotherapy. No severe side effects were reported.
Patients had often stopped pharmacotherapy on their own, when assuming they had
reached stable abstinence. Openness to start pharmacotherapy for AD was
currently stated by 67% of the total sample. In multiple logistic
regression, openness was predicted by having a concept of AD as a medical
disease and by a shorter duration of AD.

Discussion To improve the administration of pharmacotherapy for AD
implementation strategies should be systematically developed and evaluated with
a focus on the concept of AD as a medical disease.
Online-Befragung zur beruflichen Entwicklung in der Endoskopie
Authors: Pfeifer Ute Gabriele
Published: December 2023

Hochaktuell ist das Thema "berufliche Entwicklung/Ausbildung in der Endoskopie". Einige von Ihnen lernen strukturiert und nehmen an Kursen teil, andere erhalten "nebenbei" eine Unterweisung für die Durchführung verschiedener Aufgaben/Tätigkeiten in der Endoskopie.
A Technical Feasibility of Aqueous Aerosol Generation Based on the Flashing Jet: Impact of Surfactant, Electrolyte, and Drug Concentration
Authors: Zheng Qi-Wen , Wang Jian
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the atomization mechanism of a flashing jet (FJ), focusing on the potential factors that influence the atomization performance of the device. Those factors include surfactant, electrolyte, and drug concentration. In this work, Tween 80, sodium chloride (NaCl), and salbutamol sulfate (SBS) were used for the study. The aerosol's mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was investigated for analysis. The drug delivery ability of the FJ prototype was compared with the Pari nebulizer. Our data suggested that the MMAD of aerosol decreased as the concentration of Tween 80 increased, but the critical micelle concentration point was not influenced. Upon adding NaCl to pure water, with the increase of NaCl concentration, the MMAD of aerosol initially decreased significantly and then increased, reaching the lowest point when 0.05% NaCl was used. A higher concentration of SBS was beneficial for the atomization performance. When the SBS concentration was 5 mg/mL, the MMAD values of the FJ prototype and Pari nebulizer were 2.28 ± 0.15 and 1.03 ± 0.21 μm, respectively, and the fine particle dose (%TDD) of the FJ prototype and Pari nebulizer was 50.99 ± 5.88 and 53.51 ± 4.58%, respectively. Interestingly, the concentration of SBS has no effect on the residual dosage level of the FJ prototype, indicating that it can be applied in atomizing high-concentration solutions. In summary, surfactant, electrolyte, and drug concentration played an important role in the atomization performance of the FJ prototype and these ingredients are also crucial factors that should be considered in future formulation studies.
Breaking Boundaries: Toward Consistent Gender-Sensitive Language in Sexual and Reproductive Health Guidelines
Authors: Garad Rhonda M. , Bahri-Khomami Mahnaz , Busby Maureen , Burgert Tania S. , Boivin Jacky , Teede Helena J.
Published: December 2023

This review assesses gender-sensitive language in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) guidelines, including a guideline for polycystic ovary syndrome. We conducted a systematic search across databases like Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane until July 31, 2023, using terms related to gender-inclusivity, SRH, and guideline protocols. Criteria for inclusion were gender-sensitive language, SRH focus, and guideline relevance, excluding non-English articles or those without policy considerations. Our search yielded 25 studies, with 6 included for qualitative synthesis. Results showed significant gaps in using gender-sensitive language in SRH guidelines. The debate on this language mirrors broader societal discourse. Recognizing gender diversity is essential for research, clinical practices, and societal norms. While promoting inclusion, drawbacks like unintended erasure or miscommunication should also be addressed. A gender-additive approach balances inclusivity and biological accuracy. Precise and inclusive discourse is crucial. Future research should focus on systemic approaches in the SRH sector.
Comment on: “Some aspects of the interaction of a magnetic quadrupole moment with an electric field in a rotating frame” [J. Math. Phys. 58, 102103 (2017)]
Authors: Fernández Francisco M.
Published: December 2023

We discuss results obtained recently for a quantum-mechanical model given by a neutral particle with a magnetic quadrupole moment in a radial electric field and a scalar potential proportional to the radial variable in cylindrical coordinates that also includes the noninertial effects of a rotating reference frame. We show that the conjectured allowed values of the cyclotron frequency are a mere artifact of the truncation of the power series used to solve the radial eigenvalue equation. Our analysis proves that the analytical expression for the eigenvalues is incorrect.
Effect of the shear rate and residence time on the lysis of AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells via surface acoustic waves
Authors: Almanza G. , Trujillo R. M. , Sanchez-Saldaña D. , Rosand Ø. , Høydal M. , Fernandino M. , Dorao C. A.
Published: December 2023

The efficient breakage of one cell or a concentration of cells for releasing intracellular material such as DNA, without damaging it, is the first step for several diagnostics or treatment processes. As the cell membrane is easy to bend but resistant to stretching, the exposure of the cell to a shear rate during a short period of time can be sufficient to damage the membrane and facilitate the extraction of DNA. However, how to induce high shear stresses on cells in small microliter volumes samples has remained an elusive problem. Surface acoustic waves operating at high frequencies can induce acoustic streaming leading to shear rates sufficient to cell lysis. Lysis induced by acoustic streaming in sessile droplets has been investigated in the past from the lysis efficiency point of view. However, the effects of the velocity field and shear rate induced by acoustic streaming on the lysis process remain unexplored. Here, we study the lysis of AC16 human cardiomyocytes in microliter droplets under the effect of the shear rate induced by acoustic streaming. It is identified that for a given shear rate, the extracted DNA is also affected by the actuation period which can be attributed to a cycling process that leads to an accumulation of damage on the cell membrane.
Ultrasensitive vibrational resonance induced by small disturbances
Authors: Li Shangyuan , Wang Zhongqiu , Yang Jianhua , Sanjuán Miguel A. F. , Huang Shengping , Lou Litai
Published: December 2023

We have found two kinds of ultrasensitive vibrational resonance in coupled nonlinear systems. It is particularly worth pointing out that this ultrasensitive vibrational resonance is transient behavior caused by transient chaos. Considering a long-term response, the system will transform from transient chaos to a periodic response. The pattern of vibrational resonance will also transform from ultrasensitive vibrational resonance to conventional vibrational resonance. This article focuses on the transient ultrasensitive vibrational resonance phenomenon. It is induced by a small disturbance of the high-frequency excitation and the initial simulation conditions, respectively. The damping coefficient and the coupling strength are the key factors to induce the ultrasensitive vibrational resonance. By increasing these two parameters, the vibrational resonance pattern can be transformed from ultrasensitive vibrational resonance to conventional vibrational resonance. The reason for different vibrational resonance patterns to occur lies in the state of the system response. The response usually presents transient chaotic behavior when the ultrasensitive vibrational resonance appears and the plot of the response amplitude vs the controlled parameters shows a highly fractalized pattern. When the response is periodic or doubly periodic, it usually corresponds to the conventional vibrational resonance. The ultrasensitive vibrational resonance not only occurs at the excitation frequency, but it also occurs at some more nonlinear frequency components. The ultrasensitive vibrational resonance as transient behavior and the transformation of vibrational resonance patterns are new phenomena in coupled nonlinear systems.
Investigation of multi-keV silver x-ray sources at OMEGA
Authors: Jacquet L. , Lecherbourg L. , Primout M. , Kaiser P. , Gilleron F. , Piron R. , Villette B. , Blancard C. , Soullie G. , Reverdin C. , Vauzour B. , Legay G.
Published: December 2023

We report on the results of experiments carried out at the OMEGA laser to address the performances of silver x-ray sources across several target and laser configurations. Every target consisted of a thin silver foil and a polystyrene shield mounted on the top of the foil in order to filter the x-ray emission in some spatial directions. Seven targets were fired with ∼4 to ∼7.7 kJ of 3ω energy and various incident powers, including pre-pulsed laser pulses. The radiant energies measured by the broadband spectrometer DMX were found to range in 350–710 J/sr and 80–120 J/sr for the 0–2 keV and >2 keV spectral bands, respectively. These experimental results are in good agreement with the predictions of 2D simulations performed with the radiation-hydrodynamics code TROLL. The radiant energies measured by the broadband spectrometer miniDMX in the >2 keV band range in 40–70 J/sr and give a measurement of the emission anisotropy of the sources. The TROLL simulated electron temperatures are within the error bars of the temperatures inferred from Thomson scattering during the laser pulses for most of the shots but deviate at later times when the laser is turned off.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of a drift tube linac type double gap re-buncher cavity
Authors: Mathew Jose V. , Priyadarshini Pallavi , Sista Vyaghri L. Srao
Published: December 2023

The Low Energy High Intensity Proton Accelerator (LEHIPA) at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India, has recently been commissioned to the target energy of 20 MeV by beam acceleration through a 352 MHz radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and drift tube linac (DTL). The medium energy beam transport (MEBT) line of LEHIPA matches the 3 MeV beam from RFQ to the DTL using four electromagnetic quadrupoles and a re-buncher cavity. In the beam transport lines of high frequency linacs, TM010 mode single gap buncher cavities are conventionally used, while a double gap re-buncher cavity was chosen for the short length LEHIPA MEBT based on beam dynamics simulations. The 352 MHz double gap re-buncher cavity has been designed in a DTL type geometry with a cell length of βλ. This double gap cavity is found to be more power efficient with a higher shunt impedance and transit time factor than the conventional single gap buncher cavity. Electromagnetic design simulations, fabrication details, low power and high-power RF test results, and beam test results of the re-buncher cavity are presented in this paper.
Structural and dynamical properties of concentrated alkali- and alkaline-earth metal chloride aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhu Jianzhuo , Zhao Zhuodan , Li Xingyuan , Wei Yong
Published: December 2023

Concentrated ionic aqueous electrolytes possess a diverse array of applications across various fields, particularly in the field of energy storage. Despite extensive examination, the intricate relationships and numerous physical mechanisms underpinning diverse phenomena remain incompletely understood. Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to probe the attributes of aqueous solutions containing LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2, spanning various solute fractions. The primary emphasis of the simulations is on unraveling the intricate interplay between these attributes and the underlying physical mechanisms. The configurations of cation-Cl− and Cl−–Cl− pairs within these solutions are disclosed. As the solute fraction increases, consistent trends manifest regardless of solute type: (i) the number of hydrogen bonds formed by the hydration water surrounding ions decreases, primarily attributed to the growing presence of counter ions in proximity to the hydration water; (ii) the hydration number of ions exhibits varying trends influenced by multiple factor; and (iii) the diffusion of ions slows down, attributed to the enhanced confinement and rebound of cations and Cl− ions from the surrounding atoms, concurrently coupled with the changes in ion vibration modes. In our analysis, we have, for the first time, clarified the reasons behind the slowing down of the diffusion of the ions with increasing solute fraction. Our research contributes to a better understanding and manipulation of the attributes of ionic aqueous solutions and may help designing high-performance electrolytes.
A comparison of characterisation and modelling approaches to predict dissolved metal concentrations in soils
Authors: Garforth Judith M. , Tye Andrew M. , Young Scott D. , Bailey Elizabeth H. , Lofts Stephen
Published: December 2023

Environmental context It is useful to know the concentration of ‘labile’, or chemically active, metal in soils because it can be used to predict metal solubility and environmental impact. Several methods for extracting the labile metal from soils have been proposed, and here we have tested two of these to see how well the resulting data can be used to model metal solubility. Such mixed approaches can be applied to different soil types with the potential to model metal solubility over large areas. Rationale Predicting terrestrial metal dynamics requires modelling of metal solubility in soils. Here, we test the ability of two geochemical speciation models that differ in complexity and data requirements (WHAM/Model VII and POSSMs), to predict metal solubility across a broad range of soil properties, using differing estimates of the labile soil metal concentration. Methodology Using a dataset of UK soils, we characterised basic properties including pH and the concentrations of humic substances, mineral oxides and metals. We estimated labile metal by extraction with 0.05 mol L−1 Na2H2EDTA and by multi-element isotopic dilution (E-value). Dissolved concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were estimated in 0.01 mol L−1 Ca(NO3)2 soil suspensions using the total metal ({M}total), the EDTA-extracted pool ({M}EDTA) and the E-value ({M}E) as alternative estimates of the chemically reactive metal concentration. Results Concentrations of {M}EDTA were highly correlated with values of {M}E, although some systematic overestimation was seen. Both WHAM/Model VII and POSSMs provided reasonable predictions when {M}EDTA or {M}E were used as input. WHAM/Model VII predictions were improved by fixing soil humic acid to a constant proportion of the soil organic matter, instead of the measured humic and fulvic acid concentrations. Discussion This work provides further evidence for the usefulness of speciation modelling for predicting soil metal solubility, and for the usefulness of EDTA-extracted metal as a surrogate for the labile metal pool. Predictions may be improved by more robust characterisation of the soil and porewater humic substance content and quality.
Lumping three nominal species into one: taxonomic revision of amphibian parasitic leeches of Torix in Far East Asia (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)
Authors: Kambayashi Chiaki , Nakano Takafumi
Published: December 2023

Although most members of the freshwater leech family Glossiphoniidae have mid-body somites divided into three annuli, the genus Torix Blanchard, 1893 is distinguished by two-annuli somites. Torix has high species richness in Far East Asia, and three nominal species have been recognised in the Japanese Archipelago and adjacent regions that can be distinguished by a combination of both internal and external morphological characteristics. However, recent studies have shown that these diagnostic features are ontogenetically variable and this has resulted in taxonomic confusion among Torix species endemic to the Japanese Archipelago. In this study, we revisit the taxonomic accounts of T. orientalis (Oka, 1925) and T. tagoi (Oka, 1925), in addition to that of the recently redescribed T. tukubana (Oka, 1935) to clarify the diagnostic characteristics for each of the three species. Our morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the three Torix species in Japan are indistinguishable. We therefore conclude that these species should be synonymised and treated as a single species. The specific names orientalis and tagoi were simultaneously established under the genus Oligobdella Moore, 1918, therefore we acted as First Reviser and gave precedence to the name O. tagoi, thus the valid name for the Far East Asian Torix species is T. tagoi unless T. orientalis and T. tagoi are treated as distinct species. There are several type localities for T. tagoi and the name-bearing types have been lost, therefore we designate a neotype for this species to obviate zoological and nomenclatural issues. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E2DBF999-3B51-456F-AB04-A7D138E0AF2D
Scattering on self-dual Taub-NUT
Authors: Adamo Tim , Bogna Giuseppe , Mason Lionel , Sharma Atul
Published: December 2023

We derive exact solutions of massless free field equations and tree-level two-point amplitudes up to spin 2 on self-dual Taub-NUT (SDTN) spacetime, as well as on its single copy, the self-dual dyon (SDD). We use Killing spinors to build analogues of momentum eigenstates, finding that, in the spirit of color-kinematics duality, those for the SDD lift directly to provide states on the SDTN background if one replaces charge with energy. We discover that they are forced to have faster growth at infinity than in flat space due to the topological non-triviality of these backgrounds. The amplitudes for massless scalars and spinning particles in the(++)and(+−)helicity configurations vanish for generic kinematics as a consequence of the integrability of the self-dual sector. The(−−)amplitudes are non-vanishing and we compute them exactly in the backgrounds, which are treated non-perturbatively. It is explained how spin is easily introduced via a Newman–Janis imaginary shift along the spin-vector leading directly to the well-known exponential factor in the dot product of the spin with the momenta. We also observe a double copy relation between the gluon amplitude on a SDD and graviton amplitude on a SDTN spacetime.
Enhancement of multimode entanglement and asymmetric steering by noiseless linear amplification
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Zhai Shuqin
Published: December 2023

Quantum entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an important resource for quantum information. However, it is very fragile and prone to decoherence. Recently, it has been shown that the noiseless linear amplification (NLA) which can be applied to any channel with loss and noise can effectively counteract the effect of quantum decoherence. Besides, the initial quantum correlation can even be exceed by using this method. Thus, it is a useful tool in enhancing quantum entanglement. In this paper, we apply NLA to the tripartite GHZ entangled state and analyze quantum entanglement and steering after NLA. The results showed that the NLA can effectively improve quantum entanglement and expand the range of quantum steering. Simultaneously, they also provide useful direction for the distillation of quantum state using NLA in practical quantum communication.
Analysis of near field radiation among lithography-free metal-dielectric-metal perfect absorbers with a combined numerical method
Authors: Wen Sy-Bor , Jakkinapalli Aravind
Published: December 2023

An integrated analysis is developed to determine the far-field and near-field radiation of lithography-free metal-dielectric-metal (MIM) structures. Directional spectral emissivity determined with the integrated analysis shows good agreement with the directional spectral absorptivity from verified full wave simulation. With the integrated analysis, we identified that the condition of Fabry–Perot resonance used to design broadband wide-angle perfect light absorbers/emitters with MIM structures could trigger the waveguide modes of the dielectric layer. The waveguide modes can amplify the thermal electric field for photon tunneling between two MIM structures across a 100 nm level gap. Adding an additional pair of waveguides that can amplify evanescent waves in the gap formed with two MIM structures can further enhance the strength of photon tunneling. The enhanced photon tunneling shows high-intensity quasi-monochromatic near-field radiation in TM mode across a 100 nm gap at specific wavelengths. We expect even stronger photon tunneling for high-intensity quasi-monochromatic near field radiation across a more significant gap can occur when the MIM structure made with lower loss metal is combined with structures providing stronger amplification of evanescent wave.
Gas heating by inductively coupled low-pressure chlorine process plasmas
Authors: Levko Dmitry , Subramaniam Vivek , Raja Laxminarayan L
Published: December 2023

The mechanism of gas heating in low-pressure inductively coupled chlorine plasma is analyzed using a self-consistent two-dimensional axisymmetric fluid plasma model that is coupled with the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. For gas pressures of 10 and 20 mTorr and the discharge power in the range 0.1–1.3 kW, the main reactions contributing to gas heating were the ion–ion recombination reactions and the quenching of electronically excited chlorine atoms. At the same time, the energy released by the electron impact dissociation reaction of molecular chlorine is negligible due to its high degree of dissociation within the plasma bulk. The comparison between the results of our simulations and the fitting equation proposed in the literature show qualitative agreement, although there is significant quantitative discrepancy.
A novel bridge-type compliant displacement amplification mechanism under compound loads based on the topology optimisation of flexure hinge and its application in micro-force sensing
Authors: Chen Weilin , Kang Shidi , Lu Qinghua , Zhang Qinghua , Wei Huiling , Zhang Yunzhi , Lin Zeqin , Luo Lufeng
Published: December 2023

The design and modelling of bridge-type compliant displacement amplification mechanisms (CDAMs) are key components in precision engineering. In this study, a bridge-type CDAM under compound loads with an optimum flexure hinge configuration is designed, analysed, and tested. For the case when the flexure hinge configuration is unknown, the internal force distribution for a bridge-type CDAM under compound loads is analysed, and the topology of the flexure hinge is optimised. By applying different volume constraints, the optimised flexure hinge configurations are all V-shaped. Subsequently, a static model of the V-shaped flexure hinge is established. For a bridge-type CDAM with V-shaped flexure hinges, the compliance matrix of the flexure hinge is combined with the relationship among the local compliance matrices in a serial mechanism; consequently, the analytical relationship between the output displacement, output force, and input force is derived. The CDAM is parametrically optimised to further improve the output performance. Simulations and experiments verify the topology optimisation result, static model, and parametric optimisation result. Finally, the CDAM and its static model are applied to the tensile manipulation and micro-force sensing in a microfiber tensile test.
A piezoelectric tuned mass damper for simultaneous vibration control and energy harvesting
Authors: Sheng Weiqiang , Xiang Hongjun
Published: December 2023

This work proposes a novel piezoelectric tuned mass damper (PE-TMD) with dual function of energy harvesting and vibration control. The dual function is achieved by introducing several piezoelectric transducers into the conventional TMD. Unlike the conventional TMDs, the stiffness and damping of the PE-TMD can be adjusted by changing the circuit resistance. Moreover, the vibration energy absorbed from the primary structure, which is dissipated by the conventional TMD in the form of thermal energy, can be efficiently converted into electrical energy by the piezoelectric transducers for reuse. A railway bridge is selected as the research object to investigate the performance of the PE-TMD. The electromechanical coupling equations between the bridge and the PE-TMD are given first and then verified by a scaled model experiment. The results show the feasibility of the PE-TMD to achieve the two functions of vibration control and energy harvesting simultaneously. Subsequently, the parameters optimized results show that when the damper is completely replaced by the piezoelectric transducers, the two functions can be optimized simultaneously. The expressions for the optimal parameters to optimize the two functions are derived separately, and they are consistent. Finally, the performance comparison with the optimal conventional TMD shows that the optimal PE-TMD exhibits a slightly better performance in vibration control, and its output electrical power is almost identical to the dissipated power by the conventional TMD.
On the occurrence of bursting oscillations in the damping Helmholtz–Rayleigh–Duffing oscillator with slow-changing parametrical and external forcings
Authors: Zhang Chun , Tang Qiaoxia
Published: December 2023

Multiple timescale effects can be reflected bursting oscillations in many classical nonlinear oscillators. In this work, we are concerned about the bursting oscillations induced by two timescale effects in the damped Helmholtz-Rayleigh-Duffing oscillator (written as DHRDO for short) excited by slow-changing parametrical and external forcings. By using trigonometric function variation and authenticating the slow excitations as a slowly varying state variable, the time-varying DHRDO can be rewritten as a new time-invariant system. Then, the critical conditions of some typical bifurcations are presented by bifurcation theory. With the help of bifurcation analyses, six bursting patterns, i.e., ‘Hopf/Hopf-Hopf/Hopf’ bursting, ‘fold/Homoclinic-Hopf/Hopf’ bursting, ‘fold/Homoclinic/Hopf’ bursting, ‘Hopf/fold/Homoclinic/Hopf’ bursting, ‘Hopf/Homoclinic/Homoclinic/Hopf’ bursting and ‘Hopf/Homoclinic/Hopf-Hopf/Homoclinic/Hopf’ bursting, are explored by the slow/fast decomposition method and the other techniques. Our findings provide different forms of the excited state oscillation modes as well as the bursting patterns. In addition, we use the numerical simulation to prove the correctness of the theoretical analyses.
On the nanoscale interface, electronic structure, and optical properties of nanocarbon-reinforced calcium silicate hydrates
Authors: Munio Art Anthony Z , Domato Diamond C , Pido Alvanh Alem G , Ambolode II Leo Cristobal C
Published: December 2023

This study presents results from quantum chemical simulations of the synergetic interaction, electronic structure, and optical properties of calcium-silicate hydrates (C-S-H) reinforced by graphene-nanoribbons and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The calculations show that C-S-H/graphene-nanoribbon and C-S-H/SWCNT composites are stabilized by electrostatic interaction due to the charge transfer from Ca ions at the interface of C-S-H to the nearby C atoms of the graphene-nanoribbon and SWCNT. Removing Ca ions at the interface drastically decreases the strength of interaction into a weak van der Waals type. The Bader charge transfer analysis and electron distribution topology further confirm these results. Generally, the electronic states of the graphene-nanoribbon and SWCNT are shifted to lower energy in the complex. The electronic structure of graphene-nanoribbon and SWCNT is susceptible to the Ca ions-rich C-S-H environment. The composites’ overall absorption spectra can be considered superimposed of the isolated nanocarbon and C-S-H except in the lower energy region due to charge transfer and realignment of energy states. The results presented here reveal the bonding mechanism of the C-S-H with nanocarbon at the fundamental level. This work serves as a reference for the nanoengineering cement-based material with nanocarbon for the next-generation smart infrastructure.
Evidence on the high energy behavior of nuclear level density parameter
Authors: Sepiani M , Nasrabadi M N
Published: December 2023

The nuclear level density parameter (NLDP) plays an important and crucial role in the most widely used phenomenological models that calculate the nuclear level density (NLD) based on the Fermi gas model (FGM). NLDP can be affected by various effects that have been ignored during the FGM calculations. The dependence of NLDP on excitation energy has been predicted by various references and using various relationships that are mainly tested and normalized at low energies by experimental data of low levels. In this research, using nuclear reaction codes and experimental data of the evaporation spectrum of heavy ion 32S + 74Ge reaction leading to 106Cd compound nucleus (CN) at high excitation energies, high energy behaviour of NLDP is investigated and compared with different relationship predictions. By calculating and reducing the contribution of non-equilibrium mechanisms, it is suggested that NLDP behaves increasing and then decreasing at high energies (almost Gaussian-like behavior), contrary to the predictions of all conventional energy-dependent NLDP relations.