bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activation of the elderly – an individual level activity sheet and nursing home resident mobilization strategy
Authors: Goniewicz Mariusz , Dzirba Alina , Goniewicz Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

Being active enables compensation for disabilities, triggers repressed reinvigoration, modifies the one misdirected and stimulates activity, which is not awakened. Throughout the stay in the nursing home, the necessity of continuous implementation of various forms of reinvigoration is extremely important. Older people like any age group, need motivation to take on various forms of activity. Thus, improvement predictions as far as well-being, health and safety appear to be the most stimulating and motivating. However, sometimes you must choose detailed motifs according to individual nursing home resident.
The paper presents the development methodology – an individual level activity sheet and nursing home resident mobilization strategy, which may be useful in the implementation of the nursing home plan activation.
Every man’s dream is to be self-sufficient and independent. This applies particularly to elderly people. Due to the multitude problems of the elderly, it becomes necessary to take into account all deficits in their life, while planning any activities connected with care and rehabilitation. Nevertheless, no action can be isolated, detached from the context of the life activities. Additionally, they have to deal with current topics of everyday life of elderly, base on them, and stress the potential for further development of the nursing home resident at that age.
Competence and educational role of family nurses in the care of patients with chronic kidney disease requiring renal replacement
Authors: Pluta Agnieszka , Basińska-Drozd Halina , Faleńczyk Kamila , Budnik-Szymoniuk Maria , Humańska Marzena
Published: June 2021

Family nurse is a nurse working in primary care, fulfilling the functions of the family, its members, the community, the environment they live in a situation of health, illness and disability. Nurse’s care includes patients in different stages of chronic kidney disease, including those requiring dialysis. At present, systematic increase in the number of patients included in the final stage of the disease, requiring renal replacement therapy is observed. Patient education in chronic kidney disease, especially renal replacement therapy requires an important part of his treatment. The purpose of this paper is to define the powers and the related role of family nurse education in the care of patients with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis.
Gestational diabetes mellitus as a social problem
Authors: Gorczyca Tomasz , Gorczyca Daria , Miturski Andrzej , Balawender Krzysztof , Mazurek Diana , Polak Grzegorz , Maciejewski Ryszard , Kwaśniewska Anna
Published: June 2021

The incidence of diagnosing diabetes in pregnancy in different parts of the world is 3-20%. Members of the world-wide organizations dealing with diabetes of the pregnant women emphasize the need of introducing changes in its definition in the foreseeable future. Such changes could significantly increase the rate of diagnosing the disease. Due to the existence of more numerous evidence of decreasing the risk of complications in mother and child as a result of treatment of even mild hyperglycaemia conditions, redefinitions of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inevitable. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed in a growing number of women in the light of the increasing rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, as well as the later biological age of women planning to become pregnant. Because of this tendency, and in connection with the proven risk of complications in the mother and child, both during pregnancy and after the birth due to the increased risk of the development of type 2 diabetes in future, the development of diabetes during pregnancy is becoming a growing social problem. The implementation of the appropriate scheme of preventive tests, early diagnosis, and the correct glycemic control may contribute to the limitation of its dangerous effects. Awareness of the value of monitoring over the pregnant woman and the fetus, especially in the presence of the factors of risk of the development of gestational diabetes and the proper perinatological care, are the basic factors used to limit the development of complications. Detection of GDM and the implementation of the appropriate mana-gement are important because the effects of uncontrolled diabetes impinge on the future of both the mother and the child, and thus the next generations.
Biopsychosocial model of addictions and other approaches
Authors: Masiak Jolanta
Published: June 2021

Preparing the 5th Edition of Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders provokes the experts to express their opinions concerning the new classification of the psychiatric disorders. It takes into account also addictions. For some time the discussion concerning behavioral forms of addictions and their position in new revisions of both international classifications of mental disorders has taken place. The American Society of Addiction Medicine expressed the opinion concerning the new definition of addictions stressing relevance of biological mechanisms – mainly the brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry, and also genetic and envoirmental factors. The new definition of addictions is congruent with biopsychosocial model of addictions, which has revolutionized the DSM III. In this article the history and basic assumptions of biopsychosocial approach, and other theories that were precursors to this model are recalled.
The nurse’s role in preventing and diminishing side effects after chemotherapy
Authors: Kamińska Marzena , Ciszewski Tomasz , Bronikowska Agnieszka , Ferańska Maria , Pawlak-Warszawska Agnieszka , Starosławska Elżbieta
Published: June 2021

Chemotherapy is one of the basic methods of cancer treatment. The methods of treatment used in oncology have recognized therapeutic value, but each of them is related to the possibility of side effects.
Ensuring the effectiveness and safety of the use of anticancer drugs as well as prevention of symptoms occurring as side effects is a fundamental principle of the treatment team.Careful monitoring of the course of treatment can significantly reduce the incidence of side effects.
The global mental health burden of COVID-19 on critical care staff
Authors: Ezzat Ahmed , Li Yufei , Holt Josephine , Komorowski Matthieu
Published: June 2021

Background:

Although the mental health burden in healthcare workers caused by COVID-19 has gained increasing attention both within the profession and through public opinion, there has been a lack of data describing their experience; specifically, the mental wellbeing of healthcare workers in the intensive care unit (ICU), including those redeployed.

Aims:

The authors aimed to compare the mental health status of ICU healthcare workers (physicians, nurses and allied health professionals) affected by various factors during the COVID-19 pandemic; and highlight to policymakers areas of staff vulnerabilities in order to improve wellbeing strategies within healthcare systems.

Methods:

An online survey using three validated scales was conducted in France, the UK, Italy, Mainland China, Taiwan, Egypt and Belgium.

Findings:

The proportion of respondents who screened positive on the three scales across the countries was 16–49% for depression, 60–86% for insomnia and 17–35% for post-traumatic stress disorder. The authors also identified an increase in the scores with longer time spent in personal protective equipment, female gender, advancing age and redeployed status.

Conclusion:

The high prevalence of mental disorders among ICU staff during the COVID-19 crisis should inform local and national wellbeing policies.
Examining the new NHS National Patient Safety Syllabus
Authors: Tingle John
Published: June 2021

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, introduces the recently published NHS National Patient Safety Syllabus and some recent patient safety reports
Pulmonary function and health-related quality of life in patients with early onset scoliosis after repeated traditional growing rod procedures
Authors: Chang Wen-Chieh , Hsu Kuei-Hsiang , Feng Chi-Kuang
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate pulmonary function and health-related quality of life after traditional growing rod (TGR) procedures.

Methods

Between January 2006 and December 2017, a retrospective observational study of 17 early onset scoliosis (EOS) patients with a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (2.3 to 10.4) was conducted. The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), expiratory forced vital capacity (FVC) and 24-Item Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) score before the index surgery and at last follow-up were investigated.

Results

The mean percentage of predicted FEV1 improved from 50% (20% to 86%) to 53% (15% to 80%; p = 0.08); and the mean percentage of predicted FVC improved from 51% (24% to 81%) to 55% (25% to 89%; p = 0.06). The mean EOSQ-24 score was 78.2 (58 to 90) preoperatively and 77.2 (55 to 88) at last follow-up, there was no statistical difference (p = 0.70). The subdomain scores of pulmonary function (p < 0.01) and daily living (p < 0.01) significantly improved, whereas the subdomain scores of pain (p < 0.01), emotion (p < 0.01) and satisfaction (p = 0.02) significantly declined at last follow-up.

Conclusion

The TGR procedure was associated with stable pulmonary function and decline in EOSQ-24 pain, emotion and satisfaction scores.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Spatially modulated snapshot computed tomographic polarization imaging spectrometer
Authors: Bo Jian , Gu Yunting , Xing Wenhe , Ju Xueping , Yan Changxiang , Wang Xiaodong
Published: June 2021

Herein, a spatially modulated snapshot computed tomographic polarization imaging spectrometer (SMSCTPIS) is proposed. This instrument can obtain spatial, intensity, and polarization information of different wavelengths of a target simultaneously. It can also alleviate certain limitations of the spatially modulated snapshot imaging polarimeter (SMSIP) based on a Savart polarizer, which cannot obtain information of different wavelengths in a single measurement. Further, it can also mitigate the need to frequently replace the filters of SMSIPs for different detection wavelengths. The paper introduces the structure and principle of the SMCTPIS first, followed by experiments confirming its accuracy. Finally, the experimental results are analyzed, and conclusions are drawn.
Comparison of GaP and Si nanoantennas for optical emission control
Authors: Zalogina Anastasia , Savelev Roman , Zuev Dmitry , Shadrivov Ilya
Published: June 2021

Nanostructures made of high-refractive-index materials present a novel technological platform for efficient light manipulation at the nanoscale. Among all materials compatible with the currently available fabrication techniques, Si and GaP are the most suitable for the visible spectral range. Here, we consider a system consisting of a luminescent diamond nanoparticle with embedded color centers emitting light, placed on top of a Si or GaP cylindrical nanoantenna. We study theoretically how dielectric nanoantennas affect the emission properties of the system and predict a several-fold enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate of a single emitter located inside an optically small diamond nanoparticle. We compare performance of the two considered materials in different parts of the visible spectrum and find that for single dipole sources that emit at the blue end of the spectrum, it is beneficial to use GaP nanoantennas, while silicon becomes the material of choice for emitters at the red end of the spectrum.
Efficient and high-throughput ablation of platinum using high-repetition rate radially and azimuthally polarized sub-picosecond laser pulses
Authors: Loescher André , Oldorf Paul , Peters Rigo , Pallmann Wolfgang , Resan Bojan , Lesparre Fabien , Beaure d’Augères Patrick , Delen Xavier , Balembois Francois , Georges Patrick , Giedl-Wagner Roswitha , Loor Ronny De , Graf Thomas , Ahmed Marwan Abdou
Published: June 2021

A highly productive ablation process of 100 nm thick platinum films with a processed area rate of up to 378 cm2/min is presented using radially and azimuthally polarized laser beams. This was achieved by developing a laser amplifier generating 757 fs long laser pulses at a maximum average power of 390 W and a repetition rate of 10.6 MHz with adjustable polarization states, i.e., linear, radial, and azimuthal polarization on the work piece. The pulse train emitted from the laser was synchronized to a custom-designed polygon scanner and directed into an application machine.
Ultra-wideband, optically transparent, and flexible microwave metasurface absorber
Authors: Ma Yao , Wang Jianbao , Shi Lihua , Xue Shuyun , Ran Yuzhou , Li Jie , Liu Yicheng
Published: June 2021

In this work, an ultra-wideband microwave metasurface absorber with optically transparent and flexible properties is proposed. The metasurface is composed of a reflective backplane and a microwave absorption layer sandwiched between two dielectric substrates. The impedance matching curves of the microwave absorption layer are deduced based on the impedance matching theory, which is quite helpful and useful to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the broadband optimization design. Simulated results show that absorption higher than 90% can be achieved in the frequency band ranging from 5.8 GHz to 27.3 GHz, which covers the radar wavebands of C, X, Ku and K. The relative bandwidth reaches up to 130%, thus realizing ultra-wideband absorption while the thickness of the metasurface is only 0.12 times the upper-cutoff wavelength. For the TE (transverse electric) wave incidence, the metasurface maintains good performance when incident angle θ ≤ 50°, while for the TM (transverse magnetic) wave incidence, the absorption higher than 90% can be still achieved in a broad frequency band when θ ≤ 60°. It can be seen that using double-layer dielectric substrate in the metasurface not only greatly expands the microwave absorption bandwidth, but also improves the oblique incident properties. In addition, the metasurface is insensitive to polarization since its unit cell is symmetrical. Moreover, by rationally designing materials, the metasurface in this work is optically transparent and flexible, thus quite suitable for window radar stealth and equipment conformal stealth.
High-power laser testing of calcium-phosphate-based bioresorbable optical fibers
Authors: Peterka Pavel , Pugliese Diego , Jiříčková Bára , Boetti Nadia G. , Turčičová Hana , Mirza Inam , Borodkin Andrei , Milanese Daniel
Published: June 2021

Silica optical fibers are employed in endoscopy and related minimally invasive medical methods thanks to their good transparency and flexibility. Although silicon oxide is a biocompatible material, its use involves a serious health risk due to its fragility and the fact that potential fiber fragments can freely move inside the body without the possibility of being detected by conventional methods such as X-ray imaging. A possible solution to this issue can be the development of optical fibers based on bioresorbable (i.e., biodegradable and biocompatible) materials, which exhibit the important benefit of not having to be explanted after their functionality has expired. The optical power transmission tests of recently developed single-mode (SM) and multi-mode (MM) bioresorbable optical fibers based on calcium-phosphate glasses (CPGs) are here reported. A continuous-wave (CW) fiber laser at 1080 nm with output power up to 13 W and picosecond laser sources at 515 and 1030 nm with MW pulse peak power were used to test the transmission capabilities of the CPG fibers. No degradation of the CPG fibers transmission under long-term illumination by CW laser was observed. A laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) at a fluence higher than 0.17 J/cm2 was assessed with the picosecond laser sources.
Identification of sequence changes in myosin II that adjust muscle contraction velocity
Authors: Johnson Chloe A. , McGreig Jake E. , Jeanfavre Sarah T. , Walklate Jonathan , Vera Carlos D. , Farré Marta , Mulvihill Daniel P. , Baines Anthony J. , Ridout Martin , Leinwand Leslie A. , Wass Mark N. , Geeves Michael A.
Published: June 2021

The speed of muscle contraction is related to body size; muscles in larger species contract at slower rates. Since contraction speed is a property of the myosin isoform expressed in a muscle, we investigated how sequence changes in a range of muscle myosin II isoforms enable this slower rate of muscle contraction. We considered 798 sequences from 13 mammalian myosin II isoforms to identify any adaptation to increasing body mass. We identified a correlation between body mass and sequence divergence for the motor domain of the 4 major adult myosin II isoforms (β/Type I, IIa, IIb, and IIx), suggesting that these isoforms have adapted to increasing body mass. In contrast, the non-muscle and developmental isoforms show no correlation of sequence divergence with body mass. Analysis of the motor domain sequence of β-myosin (predominant myosin in Type I/slow and cardiac muscle) from 67 mammals from 2 distinct clades identifies 16 sites, out of 800, associated with body mass (padj < 0.05) but not with the clade (padj > 0.05). Both clades change the same small set of amino acids, in the same order from small to large mammals, suggesting a limited number of ways in which contraction velocity can be successfully manipulated. To test this relationship, the 9 sites that differ between human and rat were mutated in the human β-myosin to match the rat sequence. Biochemical analysis revealed that the rat–human β-myosin chimera functioned like the native rat myosin with a 2-fold increase in both motility and in the rate of ADP release from the actin–myosin crossbridge (the step that limits contraction velocity). Thus, these sequence changes indicate adaptation of β-myosin as species mass increased to enable a reduced contraction velocity and heart rate.
A cytofluorimetric analysis of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae population cultured in a fed-batch bioreactor
Authors: Palomba Emanuela , Tirelli Valentina , de Alteriis Elisabetta , Parascandola Palma , Landi Carmine , Mazzoleni Stefano , Sanchez Massimo
Published: June 2021

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a reference model system and one of the widely used microorganisms in many biotechnological processes. In industrial yeast applications, combined strategies aim to maximize biomass/product yield, with the fed-batch culture being one of the most frequently used. Flow cytometry (FCM) is widely applied in biotechnological processes and represents a key methodology to monitor cell population dynamics. We propose here an application of FCM in the analysis of yeast cell cycle along the time course of a typical S. cerevisiae fed-batch culture. We used two different dyes, SYTOX Green and SYBR Green, with the aim to better define each stage of cell cycle during S. cerevisiae fed-batch culture. The results provide novel insights in the use of FCM cell cycle analysis for the real-time monitoring of S. cerevisiae bioprocesses.
Efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration in vitrectomized eyes
Authors: Mun Yongseok , Park Kyu Hyung , Park Sang Jun , Woo Se Joon
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in vitrectomized eyes.

Methods

The medical records were reviewed of nAMD patients treated with anti-VEGF agents who previously underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). PPV was performed with complete posterior vitreous detachment induction.

Results

A total of 44 eyes from 44 patients were included. The mean central foveal thickness (CFT) was 478.50 ± 156.93 μm at baseline, 414.25 ± 143.55 μm (86.6% of baseline) at 1 month after first injection (P < 0.001), and 386.75 ± 141.45 μm (80.8% of baseline) after monthly multiple injections (2.30 ± 1.07; range, 1–5) (P < 0.001). The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.85 ± 0.57 at baseline, 0.86 ± 0.63 after the first injection, and 0.84 ± 0.64 after monthly multiple injections. BCVA improved in 39.5% at 1 month after first injection and 45.2% at 1 month after monthly multiple injections. In the subgroup analysis, CFT of eyes with the posterior capsule decreased significantly to 85.8% and 79.8% of baseline values at 1 month after the first injection and after monthly multiple injections, respectively. CFT of eyes without the posterior capsule decreased to 91.6% and 87.4% of baseline values at 1 month after the first injection and after monthly multiple injections, respectively, without statistical significance.

Conclusion

Monthly injections of Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents induced favorable anatomical improvement and vision maintenance in vitrectomized eyes with nAMD.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of iStent inject combined with phacoemulsification cataract surgery in patients with mild-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma in France
Authors: Nieland Kaspar , Labbé Antoine , Schweitzer Cedric , Gicquel Gaetan , Kleintjens Joris , Ostawal Amrita , Treur Maarten , Falvey Heather
Published: June 2021

Objective

To investigate the cost-effectiveness of implementing iStent inject trabecular bypass stent (TBS) in conjunction with cataract surgery (Cat Sx) in patients with mild-to-moderate glaucoma from a societal perspective in France. The secondary objective was to explore the economic impact of iStent inject TBS in patients who comply to different degrees with their anti-glaucoma medications.

Methods

A previously published Markov model was adapted to estimate the cost-effectiveness of treatment with iStent inject TBS + Cat Sx versus Cat Sx alone over a lifetime time horizon in patients with mild-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma in France. Progression was modeled by health states reflecting increasing stages of vision loss. Disease progression was obtained from the two-year randomized clinical trial assessing safety and effectiveness of both interventions. French specific health-state utilities and costs were obtained through a targeted literature review. Model structure and inputs were validated by French ophthalmologists. Outcomes were expressed as incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. The robustness of results was tested through sensitivity analyses.

Results

iStent inject TBS + Cat Sx reduced the number of medications needed and risk of blindness. Incremental cost and QALYs were €75 and 0.065 leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €1,154/QALY gained. ICER ranged from dominating for non-persistent patients to €31,127 patients fully persistent with their medication regime. Results from one-way sensitivity analysis had a maximum ICER of €29,000 when varying input parameters. iStent inject TBS + Cat Sx had an 86% chance of being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €30,000 per QALY gained.

Conclusion

Results demonstrate that iStent inject TBS + Cat Sx is a cost-effective intervention for intraocular pressure reduction when compared to Cat Sx alone in France.
When do apples stop growing, and why does it matter?
Authors: Christodoulou Maria D. , Culham Alastair
Published: June 2021

Apples in the commercial food chain are harvested up to two weeks before maturity. We explore apple fruit development through the growing season to establish the point at which physical features differentiating those cultivars become evident. This is relevant both for the understanding of the growing process and to ensure that any identification and classification tools can be used both on ripened-on-tree and stored fruit. Current literature presents some contradictory findings on apple growth, we studied 12 apple cultivars in the Brogdale National Fruit Collection, UK over two seasons to establish patterns of growth. Fruit were sampled at regular time points throughout the growing season and four morphometrics (maximum length, maximum diameter, weight, and centroid size) were collected. These were regressed against growing degree days in order to appropriately describe the growth pattern observed. All four morphometrics were adequately described using log-log linear regressions, with adjusted R2estimates ranging from 78.3% (maximum length) to 86.7% (weight). For all four morphometrics, a 10% increase in growing degree days was associated with a 1% increase in the morphometric. Our findings refine previous work presenting rapid early growth followed by a plateau in later stages of development and contrast with published expo-linear models. We established that apples harvested for commercial storage purposes, two weeks prior to maturity, showed only a modest decrease in size compared with ripened-on-tree fruit, demonstrating that size morphometric approaches are appropriate for classification of apple fruit at point of harvest.
The bank of swimming organisms at the micron scale (BOSO-Micro)
Authors: Velho Rodrigues Marcos F. , Lisicki Maciej , Lauga Eric
Published: June 2021

Unicellular microscopic organisms living in aqueous environments outnumber all other creatures on Earth. A large proportion of them are able to self-propel in fluids with a vast diversity of swimming gaits and motility patterns. In this paper we present a biophysical survey of the available experimental data produced to date on the characteristics of motile behaviour in unicellular microswimmers. We assemble from the available literature empirical data on the motility of four broad categories of organisms: bacteria (and archaea), flagellated eukaryotes, spermatozoa and ciliates. Whenever possible, we gather the following biological, morphological, kinematic and dynamical parameters: species, geometry and size of the organisms, swimming speeds, actuation frequencies, actuation amplitudes, number of flagella and properties of the surrounding fluid. We then organise the data using the established fluid mechanics principles for propulsion at low Reynolds number. Specifically, we use theoretical biophysical models for the locomotion of cells within the same taxonomic groups of organisms as a means of rationalising the raw material we have assembled, while demonstrating the variability for organisms of different species within the same group. The material gathered in our work is an attempt to summarise the available experimental data in the field, providing a convenient and practical reference point for future studies.
Proton pump inhibitor and community pharmacies: Usage profile and factors associated with long-term use
Authors: de Araújo Lorena Maria Lima , de Moura Lopes Maria Vivyanne , de Arruda Rafael Silva , Martins Rand Randall , Oliveira Antonio Gouveia
Published: June 2021

Aim

To characterize the usage profile and the factors associated with the prolonged use of proton pump inhibitor drugs in a community pharmacy.

Methodology

This is a cross-sectional, prospective and observational study involving interviews with 410 patients who acquired PPI for their own use from community pharmacies. To characterize the factors associated with the prolonged use of PPI, a multivariate logistic regression model was used.

Results

Pantoprazole (42.7%) and omeprazole (31%) were the most acquired PPIs, prescribed mainly by gastroenterologists (49.5%). They are used in the morning, especially for gastrointestinal symptoms, however, they had been consumed for more than 5 years in 30% of cases. The factors associated with prolonged use are old age (OR 1.03 CI95% 1.01–1.05), body mass index (OR 1.07 CI95% 1.01–1.12), use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (OR 3.18 CI95% 1.20–8.43) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OR 3.5 95% CI 1.39–8.88).

Conclusion

PPIs are adequate in terms of indication and form of use, however, prolonged use associated with old age, being overweight and use of anti-inflammatories and antidepressants is frequent.
Single-center task analysis and user-centered assessment of physical space impacts on emergency Cesarean delivery
Authors: Sotto Kenji T. , Hedli Laura C. , Sie Lillian , Padua Kimber , Yamada Nicole , Lee Henry , Halamek Louis , Daniels Kay , Nathan-Roberts Dan , Austin Naola S.
Published: June 2021

Cesarean delivery is the most common surgery performed in the United States, accounting for approximately 32% of all births. Emergency Cesarean deliveries are performed in the event of critical maternal or fetal distress and require effective collaboration and coordination of care by a multidisciplinary team with a high level of technical expertise. It is not well understood how the physical environment of the operating room (OR) impacts performance and how specialties work together in the space.

Objective

This study aimed to begin to address this gap using validated techniques in human factors to perform a participatory user-centered analysis of physical space during emergency Cesarean.

Methods

This study employed a mixed-methods design. Focus group interviews and surveys were administered to a convenience sample (n = 34) of multidisciplinary obstetric teams. Data collected from focus group interviews were used to perform a task and equipment analysis. Survey data were coded and mapped by specialty to identify reported areas of congestion and time spent, and to identify themes related to physical space of the OR and labor and delivery unit.

Results

Task analysis revealed complex interdependencies between specialties. Thirty task groupings requiring over 20 pieces of equipment were identified. Perceived areas of congestion and areas of time spent in the OR varied by clinical specialty. The following categories emerged as main challenges encountered during an emergency Cesarean: 1) size of physical space and equipment, 2) layout and orientation, and 3) patient transport.

Conclusion

User insights on physical space and workflow processes during emergency Cesarean section at the institution studied revealed challenges related to getting the patients into the OR expediently and having space to perform tasks without crowding or staff injury. By utilizing human factors techniques, other institutions may build upon our findings to improve safety during emergency situations on labor and delivery.
Hookworm treatment induces a decrease of suppressive regulatory T cell associated with a Th2 inflammatory response
Authors: Doyen Virginie , Corazza Francis , Nhu Thi Hoa , Le Chi Thanh , Truyens Carine , Nagant Carole , Tran Thi Mong Hiep , Fils Jean-Francois , Thi Ngoc Huynh Phuong , Michel Olivier
Published: June 2021

Background

Like other helminths, hookworms (HW) induce a regulatory immune response able to modulate and dampen reactivity of the host to antigens. No data about the evolution of the immune response after treatment are available. We aim to phenotype the regulatory immune response during natural HW infection and its evolution after treatment.

Methodology

Twenty hookworm infected (HW+) and 14 non-infected subjects HW–from endemic area in the periphery of Ho Chi Minh City were included. Blood and feces samples were obtained before, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment with Albendazole 400mg. Additional samples were obtained at 3 and 12 months in the HW+ group. Hematological parameters, Treg (CD4+CD25hiFoxP3hi) and surface molecules (CD39, CD62L, ICOS, PD-1, CD45RA) were measured as well as inflammatory and lymphocytes differentiation cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-17, IL-10, IL-2 and TGFβ.

Results

HW+ subjects showed higher Treg, TregICOS+, Treg PD1-, TregCD62L+ and CD45RA+FoxP3loresting Treg (rTreg). CD45RA-FoxP3lonon-suppressive Treg cells were also increased. No preferential Th1/Th2 orientation was observed, nor difference for IL-10 between two groups. After treatment, Treg, TregICOS+, TregCD62L+, Treg PD1- and rTreg decreased while IL-4 and IL-6 cytokines increased.

Conclusion

During HW infection, Treg are increased and characterized by a heterogeneous population: a highly suppressive as well as a non-suppressive T cells phenotype. After treatment, Treg with immune-suppressive phenotype exhibited a decrease parallel to an inflammatory Th2 response.
Variance components of ratings of physician-patient communication: A generalizability theory analysis
Authors: Röttele Nicole , Schlett Christian , Körner Mirjam , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Schöpf-Lazzarino Andrea C. , Voigt-Radloff Sebastian , Wirtz Markus A.
Published: June 2021

Background

The ratings of physician-patient communication are an important indicator of the quality of health care delivery and provide guidance for many important decisions in the health care setting and in health research. But there is no gold standard to assess physician-patient communication. Thus, depending on the specific measurement condition, multiple sources of variance may contribute to the total score variance of ratings of physician-patient communication. This may systematically impair the validity of conclusions drawn from rating data.

Objective

To examine the extent to which different measurement conditions and rater perspectives, respectively contribute to the variance of physician-patient communication ratings.

Methods

Variance components of ratings of physician-patient communication gained from 32 general practitioners and 252 patients from 25 family practices in Germany were analyzed using generalizability theory. The communication dimensions “shared decision making”, “effective and open communication” and “satisfaction” were considered.

Results

Physician-patient communication ratings most substantially reflect unique rater-perspective and communication dimension combinations (32.7% interaction effect). The ratings also represented unique physician and rater-perspective combinations (16.3% interaction effect). However, physicians’ communication behavior and the observed communication dimensions revealed only a low extent of score variance (1% physician effect; 3.7% communication dimension effect). Approximately half of the variance remained unexplained (46.2% three-way interaction, confounded with error).

Conclusion

The ratings of physician-patient communication minimally reflect physician communication skills in general. Instead, these ratings exhibit primarily differences among physicians and patients in their tendency to perceive shared decision making and effective and open communication and to be satisfied with communication, regardless of the communication behavior of physicians. Rater training and assessing low inferential ratings of physician-patient communication dimensions should be considered when subjective aspects of rater perspectives are not of interest.
Medication-related hospital readmissions within 30 days of discharge—A retrospective study of risk factors in older adults
Authors: Glans Maria , Kragh Ekstam Annika , Jakobsson Ulf , Bondesson Åsa , Midlöv Patrik
Published: June 2021

Background

Previous studies have shown that approximately 20% of hospital readmissions can be medication-related and 70% of these readmissions are possibly preventable. This retrospective medical records study aimed to find risk factors associated with medication-related readmissions to hospital within 30 days of discharge in older adults (≥65 years).

Methods

30-day readmissions (n = 360) were assessed as being either possibly or unlikely medication-related after which selected variables were used to individually compare the two groups to a comparison group (n = 360). The aim was to find individual risk factors of possibly medication-related readmissions focusing on living arrangements, polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medication therapy, and changes made to medication regimens at initial discharge.

Results

A total of 143 of the 360 readmissions (40%) were assessed as being possibly medication-related. Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.5–1.25), excessive polypharmacy (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.07–2.81), having adjustments made to medication dosages at initial discharge (OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.03–2.58) and living in your own home, alone, were variables identified as risk factors of such readmissions. Living in your own home, alone, increased the odds of a possibly medication-related readmission 1.69 times compared to living in your own home with someone (p-value 0.025) and 2.22 times compared to living in a nursing home (p-value 0.037).

Conclusion

Possibly medication-related readmissions within 30 days of discharge, in patients 65 years and older, are common. The odds of such readmissions increase in comorbid, highly medicated patients living in their own home, alone, and if having medication dosages adjusted at initial discharge. These results indicate that care planning before discharge and the provision of help with, for example, managing medications after discharge, are factors especially important if aiming to reduce the amount of medication-related readmissions among this population. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Automatic ladybird beetle detection using deep-learning models
Authors: Venegas Pablo , Calderon Francisco , Riofrío Daniel , Benítez Diego , Ramón Giovani , Cisneros-Heredia Diego , Coimbra Miguel , Rojo-Álvarez José Luis , Pérez Noel
Published: June 2021

Fast and accurate taxonomic identification of invasive trans-located ladybird beetle species is essential to prevent significant impacts on biological communities, ecosystem functions, and agricultural business economics. Therefore, in this work we propose a two-step automatic detector for ladybird beetles in random environment images as the first stage towards an automated classification system. First, an image processing module composed of a saliency map representation, simple linear iterative clustering superpixels segmentation, and active contour methods allowed us to generate bounding boxes with possible ladybird beetles locations within an image. Subsequently, a deep convolutional neural network-based classifier selects only the bounding boxes with ladybird beetles as the final output. This method was validated on a 2, 300 ladybird beetle image data set from Ecuador and Colombia obtained from theiNaturalistproject. The proposed approach achieved an accuracy score of 92% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.977 for the bounding box generation and classification tasks. These successful results enable the proposed detector as a valuable tool for helping specialists in the ladybird beetle detection problem.
A meta-analysis of transcriptomic profiles of Huntington’s disease patients
Authors: Seefelder Manuel , Kochanek Stefan
Published: June 2021

Description of robust transcriptomic alterations in Huntington’s disease is essential to identify targets for biochemical studies and drug development. We analysed publicly available transcriptome data from the brain and blood of 220 HD patients and 241 healthy controls and identified 737 and 661 genes with robustly altered mRNA levels in the brain and blood of HD patients, respectively. In the brain, a subnetwork of 320 genes strongly correlated with HD and was enriched in transport-related genes. Bioinformatical analysis of this subnetwork highlighted CDC42, PAK1, YWHAH, NFY, DLX1, HMGN3, and PRMT3. Moreover, we found that CREB1 can regulate 78.0% of genes whose mRNA levels correlated with HD in the blood of patients. Alterations in protein transport, metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and CDC42-mediated functions are likely central features of HD. Further our data substantiate the role of transcriptional regulators that have not been reported in the context of HD (e.g. DLX1, HMGN3 and PRMT3) and strongly suggest dysregulation of NFY and its target genes across tissues. A large proportion of the identified genes such as CDC42 were also altered in Parkinson’s (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The observed dysregulation of CDC42 and YWHAH in samples from HD, AD and PD patients indicates that those genes and their upstream regulators may be interesting therapeutic targets.
«Nuestro puesto está en el hogar». Los campamentos femeninos en Asturias durante el primer franquismo (1938-1945)
Authors: García Fernández Mónica
Published: June 2021

Una de las iniciativas más populares y anunciadas destinadas a las juventudes durante el Franquismo fueron los campamentos y albergues de verano. En ellos se trataba de construir una sociedad ideal y armónica a pequeña escala, sin clases ni nacionalismos periféricos y en la que funcionaran perfectamente los roles de género impuestos por el Estado franquista. En este artículo me centraré en analizar el discurso oficial y las actividades dirigidas a las niñas y jóvenes en estos campamentos, que estaban especialmente concebidos para orientarlas hacia su destino social: la maternidad y el cuidado del hogar. Para ello tomaré como ejemplo los organizados en Asturias entre 1938 y 1945. Las fuentes utilizadas son fundamentalmente hemerográficas, provenientes de los diarios falangistas asturianos La Nueva España y Voluntad, aunque también haré referencia a algunos documentos del Fondo de la Delegación Provincial de la Sección Femenina conservados en el Archivo Histórico de Asturias.
La educación femenina en el sistema educativo español (1857-2007)
Authors: Sánchez Blanco Laura , Hernández Huerta José Luis
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo se pretende dar a conocer el lento proceso de escolarización que sufrieron las mujeres debido a los condicionantes de la historia. El estudio se inicia con la Ley de Instrucción Pública (1857) cuando la escolarización de las niñas en la enseñanza primaria adquiere un carácter obligatorio, y, continúa con los logros conseguidos en educación, gracias a las iniciativas pedagógicas surgidas al margen de la escuela, desde el Sexenio Revolucionario (1868) hasta la Dictadura de Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923-1930). A partir de la década de los años 30 se concede una especial atención a la educación con el propósito de mostrar dos modelos de escuelas antagónicas para las mujeres: la escuela única, pública y laica perseguida por la Segunda República y la escuela nacional, católica y patriótica desarrollada durante el franquismo. Terminada esta última etapa, la historia deja paso a la escuela democrática que permite la escolarización femenina en todos sus niveles, y, en igualdad de oportunidades. Y finaliza el estudio con un somero análisis de las leyes educativas que se desarrollaron en los años siguientes (1983-2006) para comprobar la representación de las mujeres en el sistema educativo.
Analisis Determinan Profitabilitas Perusahaan Manufaktur pada 2014-2019
Authors: Wasisto Audi Gracia , Rizal Nora Amelda
Published: June 2021

Profitability is very important for a company to carry out their operational activities because in general they cannot not survive without the ability to generate profits. This study aims to determine the effect of working capital, firm size, company efficiency, liquidity, and leverage on profitability in manufacturing companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2019. This research used purposive sampling with 108 sample data. The data were analyzed using panel data regression using eviews 11 software. It showes that working capital, firm size, company efficiency, liquidity, and leverage simultaneously have a significant effect on profitability. Partially, working capital has a significant positive effect on profitability. Firm size has no significant positive effect on profitability (ROE), but it has a significant positive effect on profitability (EPS). Company efficiency has a significant positive effect on profitability. Liquidity has no significant positive effect on profitability (ROE) and has no negative effect on profitability (EPS). Leverage DER and LDAR have no significant negative effect on profitability. Therefore, this research can be a reference for future research to analyze the determininant of profitability.
Penerapan domain knowledge pada model data nasabah perbankan dalam memprediksi churn rate
Authors: Aryanata Gede Adi , Linawati Linawati , Swamardika Ida Bagus Alit
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini mendiskusikan tentang proses pembuatan dan pengoptimalan model data yang digunakan untuk memprediksi kemungkinan keluarnya nasabah dari suatu layanan perbankan berdasarkan beberapa variabel independen yang disediakan oleh pihak perbankan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Regresi Logistik sebagai metode utama untuk menghasilkan model hubungan antar data yang menggambarkan klasifikasi umum nasabah yang akan keluar dari layanan perbankan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Backward Elimination dan penerapan domain knowledge untuk mengoptimasi kinerja dari model yang dihasilkan. Model terakhir yang dihasilkan akan dinilai kembali dengan metode Cumulative Accuracy Profile. Hasil dari penelitian ini memiliki tingkat akurasi yang baik dalam memprediksi kemungkinan keluarnya nasabah dari layanan perbankan. Model dapat memprediksi 60% orang yang akan keluar dari bank dengan memeriksa 29% dari keseluruhan data. Hasil keluaran penelitian ini dapat dikaitkan dengan tingkat efisiensi usaha yang dapat dilakukan oleh pihak perbankan dalam mengambil tindakan pada nasabah dengan tingkat probabilitas tertinggi untuk keluar dari layanan perbankan.
Understanding and Efficiently Manipulating Environmental Stress Caused by Metal Ions to Improve Ethanol Fermentation
Authors: Ninchan Boontiwa , Sirisatesuwon Chollada , Rattanaporn Kittipong , Sriroth Klanarong
Published: June 2021

The inconsistent quality of molasses directly influences ethanol production, particularly due to contamination by metal ions that causes severe problems and reduces production efficiency. This research focused on calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), and magnesium (Mg2+) ions that are common in molasses. The key objective was to understand clearly the effect of ions on ethanol fermentation and Saccharomyces cerevisiae performance. Individual ions and ion mixtures were studied in sucrose solution and in molasses. The results showed that severe stress could be ordered as Ca2+>K+>Mg2+ and the adverse effect was greater when the ion concentration increased. Ca2+ was a strong inhibitor while trace amounts of Mg2+ produced a positive effect. To achieve the greatest efficiency in ethanol production using molasses in the substrate preparation, Ca2+ should not exceed 0.18% (w/w) prior to fermentation and the final sugar concentration should be 20–25% (w/v), as adjusting the addition of sucrose will result in a suitable yeast medium. Pretreatment and dilution were the best practices for ion removal, with Ca2+ being clearly decreased. Furthermore, determination of the composition and ion concentration in molasses are essential initial steps that must be routinely applied to ensure that the knowledge gained and the efficient techniques investigated can both be used to improve ethanol production.