bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BENDING PROPERTIES OF A FUNCTIONALLY GRADED POLYMERIC COMPOSITE REINFORCED WITH A HYBRID NANOMATERIAL
Authors: M. S. Shareef Mahdi , Naif Al-Khazraji Ahmed , Ali Amin Samir
Published: January 2022

In this paper, functionally graded polymer hybrid nanocomposites have been produced by silica (SiO2) nanoparticles and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles distributed in a matrix of epoxy during the ultra-sonication via hand lay-up method. The variation in nanoparticles volume fraction (Vf.) has been given in the thickness direction for reaching the gradation. Each layer has a thickness of 1.2 mm through various concentrations of nanoparticles and is sequentially cast in acrylic moulds to fabricate the graded composite sheet with a 6 mm thickness. To fabricate the functionally graded layers, various concentrations of different nanoparticles (1.5% SiO2, 1% SiO2, epoxy, 2% Al2O3 and 3% Al2O3) have been used for tensile and compressive testing each isotropic layer of functionally graded material (FGM). The mechanical property that was studied for pure epoxy, isotropic and FGM was the flexural resistance. The flexural properties of FGM, isotropic nanocomposite (1% SiO2 + 2% Al2O3) and pristine epoxy, for evaluating their mechanical properties, including flexural stress-strain criteria and flexural Young's modulus, were determined via a Three-point bending test, with loading from the side of silica and alumina for the hybrid-FGM and at one side for the isotropic hybrid nanocomposite and pristine epoxy. The mechanical properties (tensile and compression) and the density of every layer were obtained for the epoxy resin and nanocomposites. They can benefit from the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the Three-point bending test via the Design Modeler (ANSYS workbench). The results of experiments were confirmed via building a detailed 3D FE model. Also, the advanced deformation results from the FE model were found in good agreement with the experimental outcomes.
The Online Media Landscape in the Focus of Disinformation Campaigns in the Western Balkans: Albania, Kosova, and North Macedonia
Authors: PALLOSHI DISHA Edlira , BAJRAMI Demush , RUSTEMI Agron
Published: January 2022

In the conditions of a technological transformation of the media, professional credibility and reliability in information are fading due to the manipulative role that the media have taken. This paper, among other things, highlights exactly the editorial lines of the media, which do not build them on principles based on professional cause, but rather on the causes of political-media oligarchies. The fake news industry in the world is currently the most profitable product, and this is the most serious threat to democracies, which cannot be properly consolidated without a regulation in the dense "traffic" of online communication. In this industry Russia leads with its Sputnik, which has created a widespread establishment in the media space of Central and Eastern Europe. Preventing of this media "pandemic" is extremely complicated and costly, because this type of information is camouflaged in various forms and the public needs a proper media education to identify and differentiate fake news from true ones. Therefore, it is very necessary to create a national strategy of each state, to prevent the spread of this media "pandemic", while the most effective "virus" is the professionalization of the media and its detachment from the influence of political oligarchies. False news is creating its bedrock of influence and this is especially evident in the division of society as a result of political tensions and inter-ethnic discontent. Moreover, this paper shows that in such a divided society, the disinformation that circulates incessantly in the public space, sows fear. If a disinformation protection strategy were to be developed, then public confidence would not be in crisis, as it is currently in the Western Balkans, and the media would return to its primary role: independent and objective information.
New Consumers of the Digital Age: Game Players
Authors: BİL Erkan , KANDUR Hande , ERGAN Senem
Published: January 2022

The game market has become one of the fastest growing industries of the digital age. The availability of internet access from anywhere, the diversification of game platforms, the increase in game options and the increase in application stores especially for mobile devices have accelerated this growth in the sector.  The purpose of this study was to determine who the new consumers in the developing game industry are, their various demographics, characteristics and purchasing behaviors. Data which were collected by the survey method from 490 game players who participated in Gamescom, the world's largest game fair held in Cologne, Germany between 20-24 August 2019, were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way anova. As a result of the findings, it has been determined that majority of the participants were female, young adults and students. Almost half of the participants have more than 12 years of gaming experience, play games for an average of 3.76 hours a day and an average of 5.16 days per week, prefer to play at home and on their personal computers the most, majority were core gamers, and the favorite game category was action.
Psychological Well-Being of Youth: The Role of Gratitude and Hope
Authors: Taruna  , Singh Sandeep , Shikha
Published: January 2022

The present study has been conducted on the youth (N=200) of age group 18-24 years to find the role of the character strengths of gratitude and hope in their psychological well-being. Gratitude and hope have been assessed using the Value in Action Inventory of Strengths (Peterson and Seligman, 2004), and psychological well-being has been assessed using the Psychological Well-Being Scale by Carol Ryff (1989). The data has been analyzed by using Pearson correlation and linear regression. The findings depict a significant positive correlation of gratitude and hope with the psychological well-being of youth. Also, the regression analysis establishes the significant and positive role of gratitude and hope in predicting the psychological well-being of youth.
Religion and Ethnicity Traps: Behind the Intention to Vote of Millennial Voters
Authors: Sandi Jhon Retei Alfri
Published: January 2022

Millennial voters are a potential community that is a strategic target for pairs of candidates for regional election contestation to reap the coffers of votes. The campaign approach using religious and ethnic sentiments is an alternative strategy. This study looks at religion and ethnicity influencing millennial voters’ voting intentions. The research method uses quantitative methods with multiple linear regression. The research sample was drawn randomly according to the criteria so that the answers to 280 respondents were analyzed. The study results found that religion significantly influenced millennial voter intentions, while ethnicity did not affect millennial voter intentions. Millennial voters tend not to be interested in practical politics.
DETERMINAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DITINJAU DARI FINANCIAL LEVERAGE DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Sari Dewi Maya , Rismadi Rismadi , Rinaldi Rizki
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh financial leverage dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan manufaktur. Kinerja keuangan diukur menggunakan Return on Assets (ROA) Data yang digunakan merupakan data laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan manufaktur tahun 2017-2019. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling sehingga ada 27 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria pemelihan sampel. Data dianalisis dengan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa financial leverage dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan.
COVID-19 pada Pasien Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Rahim Harpandi , Hisbullah Hisbullah , Arif Syafri Kamsul , Muchtar Faisal
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) telah menjadi pandemi global dalam waktu singkat. Selama pandemi ini, terdapat peningkatan risiko eksaserbasi pada pasien dengan myasthenia gravis. Angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang lebih tinggi terlihat pada orang tua dan yang memiliki penyakit penyerta dan defisiensi imunologis. Agen imunosupresi, respons imun yang tidak teratur, dan kelemahan otot pernapasan adalah beberapa etiologi yang dapat meningkatkan keparahan COVID-19. Kasus awal Myasthenia Gravis (MG) dengan COVID-19 simultan menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi dengan potensi eksaserbasi berbahaya. Karena minimnya pengetahuan tentang hubungan antara dua penyakit ini, kami berharap dapat menggambarkan prognosis dan gejala COVID-19 pada pasien MG dan pendekatan terapeutik untuk meningkatkan prognosis pada kedua penyakit ini.
Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) dengan Hiperbilirubinemia di Rumah Sakit Wilayah Kota Makassar Periode Januari-Desember Tahun 2018
Authors: Jaya Akbar Akbar , Saharuddin Saharuddin , Fauziah Henny
Published: January 2022

Berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) adalah berat badan lahir rendah kurang dari 2500 gram tanpa memandang usia kehamilan. Sedangkan hiperbilirubinemia merupakan kondisi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar bilirubin (≥10 mg/dL) di dalam jaringan ekstravaskular sehingga tampak kuning pada konjungtiva, kulit, dan mukosa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional, teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling yaitu sebanyak 400 sampel yang terbagi atas 200 sampel dari masing masing rumah sakit. Berdasarkan analisis pearson chi-square merupakan uji yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, uji ini bertujuan mencari korelasi antar variabel, dikatakan  terdapat korelasi yang signifikan jika p-value <0,005. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan p-value 0.000 yang berarti terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara berat badan lahir rendah dengan kejadian hiperbilirubinemia. Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara berat badan lahir rendah dengan kejadian hiperbilirubinemia.
THE UNDERSTANDING OF RULING AND MANAGEMENT OF LUQATAH (LOST PROPERTY) AMONG USIM STUDENTS
Authors: Mas'ad Saleh Muhammad Aunurrochim , Sharif@Hamzah Luqman
Published: January 2022

Luqatah (lost and found) is a property such as cash money, jewelleries, accessories, etc found in a place which is not owned by anyone, not guarded and the person who found it does not know the owner. Luqathah is one of the issues that are often found in daily life. This, most likely due to negligence on the side of the property’s owner. This study was conducted to find out the extent of understanding and awareness of USIM’s students on the concept of luqatah, especially when they find the dropped items and what they should do. This study used qualitative methods as well as quantitative one that aim to explain the object of study, based on direct observation, experience that aims to produce figures and measurable. The study found that hukum of returning dropped items in Islam is strongly recommended and required to take good care of them. Only 48.3 percent out of 118 respondents were knowledgeable about the meaning of luqatah. 44.1 percent out of 118 respondents will find out the owner of luqatah properties if they found them dropped. 74.6 percent out of 118 respondents were not well known how to manage the luqatah property.
CASHWAQF AND FINANCING ISLAMIC SCHOOLS
Authors: Negasi Mohamed , Jamel Idris Abubeker
Published: January 2022

The present study provides a general overview of the concept of Waqf, and an in-depth discussion of how cash Waqf can fund, educational institutions such as Islamic schools, their maintenance, teachers and students in need.  It discusses jurists’ opinions regarding the legal ruling of cash Waqf and points out predominant opinions relating to the issue at hand. The study also expounds proposed practical models for cash Waqf to fund Islamic schools. The study uses descriptive, inductive and analytical methods. Based on the discussions, the study concludes that if cash Waqf is implemented in a proper way, it can play a significant and effective role in funding Islamic schools.
Profesor Ber Haus jako twórca wrocławskiej empirycznej szkoły zarządzania
Authors: Zając Czesław , Bąk-Grabowska Dominika , Piórkowska Katarzyna , Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna , Sokołowska-Durkalec Agnieszka Marta
Published: January 2022

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sylwetki jednego z

mistrzów zarządzania w Polsce, Profesora Bera Hausa i jego podopiecznych /

kontynuatorów oraz wrocławskiej empirycznej szkoły zarządzania, której Profesor

jest twórcą.

W warstwie teoretycznej wykorzystano narracyjny

przegląd literatury, a w warstwie empirycznej zastosowano metodę biograficzną,

badania zza biurka oraz badania terenowe (indywidualne wywiady z osobami - w

przypadku wątpliwości płynących z analizy danych wtórnych).

Konsekwentnie, w ramach opracowania syntetycznie przedstawiono

zawodową biografię Profesora Bera Hausa, wskazano główne charakterystyki

empirycznej szkoły zarządzania na tle szkół zarządzania, a także zaprezentowano kontynuatorów

(łącznie 176) wrocławskiej empirycznej szkoły zarządzania zainicjowanej przez

Profesora Bera Hausa - począwszy od bezpośrednich podopiecznych poprzez

wypromowanych przez nich doktorów / doktorów habilitowanych i skończywszy na

liczbie wypromowanych doktorów przez tych ostatnich.
Kształtowanie zmian strukturalnych i kompetencyjnych centrów doskonałości w procesie wdrożeń robotic proces automation - studium przypadku
Authors: Marciniak Piotr , Stanisławski Robert
Published: January 2022

Branża robotycznej automatyzacji procesów (RPA) biznesowych

jest stosunkowo młodą gałęzią istniejącą na rynku IT. W celu utrzymania

zwiększenia swojej konkurencyjności, przedsiębiorstwa inwestują w inteligentne

technologie, których celem jest zwiększenie efektywności działania organizacji

przy możliwie niskich kosztach inwestycji. Utworzenie tzw. centrum doskonałości

sprzyja rozwojowi określonych technologii oraz pozwala na zmaksymalizowanie

potencjalnych benefitów, płynących z ich zastosowania. Z uwagi na fakt dość

krótkiej egzystencji narzędzi RPA na rynku, nie został ustanowiony oficjalny,

globalny model struktury organizacyjnej CoE RPA. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje

studium przypadku firmy, która opisuje trzy stadia rozwoju CoE RPA, wraz z

porównaniem wyników do spostrzeżeń innych autorów, występujących w literaturze

tematu. Celem tego artykułu jest zatem identyfikacja zmian strukturalnych i

kompetencyjnych zachodzących w zespole CoE na przykładzie wybranego

przedsiębiorstwa. Pomimo różnic w nomenklaturze oraz budowie struktury

organizacyjnej dla różnych przypadków opisywanych w literaturze, widoczna jest

pewna zbieżność w podejściu do tworzenia CoE. Otwiera to drogę do rozważań nad

ustanowieniem globalnego podejścia do jego tworzenia oraz ustanowienie pewnego

rodzaju standardów, na podobieństwo terminu „najlepszych praktyk”

wykorzystywanego w kontekście rynku informatycznego. 
Marian Frank (1910-1979) - twórca katowickiej szkoły ekonomiki i organizacji przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Czech Alojzy
Published: January 2022

W dziejach katowickiej

uczelni ekonomicznej prof. Marian Frank zajmuje miejsce szczególne. Był z nią

związany niemal od samych początków. Jako jeden z pierwszych samodzielnych

pracowników nauki, położył wielkie zasługi w wypromowaniu wychowanków z którymi

stworzył zespół uprawiający ekonomikę i organizację przedsiębiorstw

przemysłowych, powiązaną merytorycznie i metodycznie z analizą działalności

gospodarczej. Wszystko to razem wzięte, pozwala mówić o szkole naukowej

ekonomiki i organizacji przedsiębiorstwa przemysłowego. W artykule odtworzona

została droga życiowa i etapy naukowej ewolucji Profesora w kilku wymiarach: od

praktyki do nauki, od rachunkowości do nauki o zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwem,

od badacza organizacji przemysłu do kreatora polityki społecznej. Bazą

wyjściową opracowania był wcześniej nieznany materiał archiwalny, jak również

porządek ukazywania się jego rozlicznych publikacji naukowych i sprawozdawczych,

wyznaczający ramy zjawiska zwanego dziś „szkołą prof. „Franka”.
Microfoundations of Inter-Organisational Relationships: Conceptual and Methodological Foundations
Authors: Piórkowska Katarzyna , Piwoni-Krzeszowska Estera
Published: January 2022

Cel artykułu sprowadza się do nastepujących celów szczegółowych: 1)

eksploracja podstawowych założeń konceptualnych dotyczących relacji

międzyorganizacyjnych i sieci międzyorganizacyjnych, 2) zidentyfikowanie pól

poznawczych w koncepcji mikrofundamentów, and 3) zaproponowanie

ontologiczno-metodologicznych przesłanek badania mikrofundamentów relacji

międzyorganizacyjnych w odniesieniu do modelu ARA i analizy mikrofundamentalnej.

Cele zrealizowano poprzez narracyjny przegląd literatury i przegląd zakresu.

Zasadnicze wnioski poznawcze są następujące: (1) Program badawczy oparty na

koncepcji mikrofundamentów, w tym diagram Colemana, może stanowić wsparcie dla badań

nad relacjami międzyorganizacyjnymi. W konsekwencji, przyjąwszy założenia

metodologicznego indywidualizmu, mikrofundamenty na poziomie indywidualnym mają

kluczowe znaczenie; (2) Wewnętrzne czynniki indywidualne (mikro stany)

oddziałują na indywidualne zachowania i interakcje (mikro procesy/zachowania);

(3) Indywidualne zachowania menedżerskie oraz interakcje prowadzą, poprzez

społeczną wzajemną zależność i zjawisko emergencji, do wzorców relacji i

okreslonych dokonań w odniesieniu do kształtowanego portfela relacji

międzyorganizacyjnych; (4) Czynniki na poziomie organizacyjnym odzwierciedlają

zarówno jednopoziomową, jak i międzypoziomową przyczynowość - determinują one indywidualne

zachowania oraz dokonania w odniesieniu do portfela relacji.
Społecznie odpowiedzialne zarządzanie projektami - propozycja modelu dojrzałości
Authors: Juchniewicz Mateusz
Published: January 2022

Zagadnienia społecznej odpowiedzialności i

zrównoważonego rozwoju nabierają w ostatnich latach szczególnego znaczenia w

naukach o zarządzaniu. Jednocześnie stale rośnie znaczenie projektów w

działalności większości organizacji i całych gospodarek. Z tego względu autor

zdecydował się podjąć zadania opracowania modelu dojrzałości w zakresie społecznie

odpowiedzialnego zarządzania projektami. Głównym celem badania było opracowanie

i zweryfikowanie pod kątem spójności modelu dojrzałości organizacji w zakresie

zrównoważonego rozwoju i społecznej odpowiedzialności w działalności

projektowej.
Zarządzanie konfliktem w zespole projektowym - podejście tradycyjne i zwinne
Authors: Soroka-Potrzebna Hanna
Published: January 2022

Konflikt

jest zjawiskiem złożonym i powszechnym, którego wystąpienie może skutkować

pozytywnymi lub negatywnymi konsekwencjami. Badacze zauważają, że zarządzanie

konfliktami jest niezbędnym elementem pracy zespołu projektowego, który

przekłada się na jego wydajność. Istnieją dwa podejścia do zarządzania projektami,

z których mogą korzystać członkowie zespołów projektowych, między innymi w

zakresie zarządzania konfliktami. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie, jak podejście

tradycyjne oraz zwinne opisują zarządzanie konfliktem oraz porównanie ich w

odniesieniu do metod oraz stylów rozwiązywania konfliktów. Przedstawione wyniki

ukazują, iż podejście tradycyjne szerzej i dokładniej analizuje omawiane

zagadnienie, w stosunku do podejścia zwinnego. Wyniki umożliwią zaplanowanie

dalszych badań skupiających się na wpływie konfliktów na powodzenie projektu i

ich praktycznym zastosowaniu.
Semantic and Pragmatic Structures in Chomsky’s Binding Theory
Authors: Ali Amjad
Published: January 2022

The central question that this paper attempts is to describe the conditions under which the anaphor can be determined grammatically or contextually. The issue at hand is whether anaphoric forms can be distinguished from indexical ones within Binding theory. The syntactic representation of bindees are characterized by the use of indices. But what role does the context play in assigning co-referential or non-coreferential properties to anaphors? Furthermore, ellipses are also context-bound. An elliptical structure is indexical, rather than anaphoric.

The study analyzes the syntactic structures of Chomsky’s Binding theory within Bolinger’s (1979) semantic model Meaning and Form. It seeks the support of other semanticists in order to fill possible semantic gaps in Binding theory.

Keywords: binding theory, elliptical structures, meaning and form model
Acanthosaura meridiona sp. nov. (Squamata: Agamidae), a new short-horned lizard from southern Thailand
Authors: Trivalairat Poramad
Published: January 2022

A new short – horned lizard species of the genus Acanthosaura from southern Thailand, is described herein. The species was previously recognised as Acanthosaura crucigera and has been reported to present a wide distribution across mainland south-east Asia. The combination of modern morphological studies of Acanthosaura meridiona sp. nov. allows its separation from closely related species A. crucigera, on the basis of presenting more nuchal scales, more scales between diastema, more scales bordering rostral scales and more midline ventral scales. Mitochondrial DNA analysis also indicated a sister relationship between A. meridiona sp. nov. and A. crucigera with a 100 % probability according to Bayesian and maximum – likelihood analyses. The pairwise distance between A. meridiona sp. nov. and A. crucigera ranges from 9.9 – 11.1 %, while the distance between A. meridiona populations ranges from 0 – 0.9 %. This new discovery contributes to the redescription of the distribution of A. crucigera under Kra Isthmus and its replacement by A. meridiona sp. nov.
Predicted impact of climate change on the distribution of the Critically Endangered golden mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) in Madagascar
Authors: Edwards Wayne M.
Published: January 2022

The impact of climate change on Malagasy amphibians remains poorly understood. Equally, deforestation, fragmentation, and lack of connectivity between forest patches may leave vulnerable species isolated in habitat that no longer suits their environmental or biological requirements. We assess the predicted impact of climate change by 2085 on the potential distribution of a Critically Endangered frog species, the golden mantella (Mantella aurantiaca), that is confined to a small area of the central rainforest of Madagascar. We identify potential population distributions and climatically stable areas. Results suggest a potential south-eastwardly shift away from the current range and a decrease in suitable habitat from 2110
km2 under current climate to between 112 km2 – 138 km2 by the year 2085 – less than 7 % of currently available suitable habitat. Results also indicate that the amount of golden mantella habitat falling within protected areas decreases by 86 % over the same period. We recommend research to ascertain future viability and the feasibility of expanding protection to newly identified potential sites. This information can then be used in future conservation actions such as habitat restoration, translocations, re introductions or the siting of further wildlife corridors or protected areas.
Nanotechnology for making a paradigm shift in COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Panda Dibya Sundar , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Mahmod Abu Kholdun Al
Published: January 2022

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 5-7
“Elucidation of the Shared Pathophysiology between Diabetes and COVID-19”
Authors: CS Nagalakshmi , Shaikh Shaheen B , NU Santhosh
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading communicable disease worldwide. It varies widely in its spectrum of manifestations, from being mild self-limiting disease, to fulminant disease, often leading to complications and death. Diabetes is an important co-morbidity linked to severity of infection by SARSCoV- 2, which predisposes them to severe pneumonia. Poor glycaemic control is associated with worse outcomes. The disease burden of COVID-19 is continuously increasing, and with a high prevalence of diabetes, it is all the more important to understand the vital aspects of COVID-19 infection in diabetic population. Hence, we try to provide close insights into its pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, recommendations on management and prevention and possible avenues for improving disease outcomes.
Methods: PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched using the key terms ‘COVID-19’, ‘SARS CoV- 2’, ‘Corona’ and ‘diabetes’. Full texts of the retrieved articles were accessed and referred. Three main mechanisms which influence COVID-19 disease manifestation in diabetics include: (a) Entry of virus via ACE-2 receptors (b) Action through Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, and (c) Elevation of glucose concentration in airways by elevated blood glucose.ACE-2 is expressed in alveolar epithelial cells, heart, renal-tubular and intestinal epithelia and pancreas. S-Glycoprotein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 binds to this ACE-2 and undergoes a conformational change. This allows its’ proteolytic digestion by host cell proteases TMPRSS2 and Furin, leading to internalization of virus. Viral entry into cells triggers an inflammatory response by T-helper-cells and at times, a ‘cytokine storm’, resulting in organ damage. Apart from diminishing neutrophil chemotaxis and reducing phagocytosis, by which diabetes predisposes individuals to infections, there are several specific factors with respect to SARS-CoV2: (i) Increased ACE-2 expression (ii) Raised Furin (iii) Diminished T-cell functioning, and (iv) Increased IL-6 levels. Movement restrictions, increased stress due to social isolation and lack of physical activity further complicates the issue. It is therefore, much essential to raise awareness among front-line workers. Finally, the current situation emphasizes the need for more clinical investigation and define best practices for optimum outcomes.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 19-23
History of Ilmul Saidala (Unani Pharmacy) Through Ages: A Critical Appraisal and Current Scenario
Authors: Ali Mohd Akhtar , Khalid Mohd , Hamiduddin - , Zaigham - , Aslam Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Ilmul Saidala (Unani pharmacy) is an important pharmaceutical branch of Unani System of Medicine, also known as Greco-Arabic medicine. Its historical evolution is intricately related with that of human’s disease and sufferings. The earlier records about the Ilmul Saidala reveal that the Greco-Roman civilization is credited with its origin and development. Then, the Arabs preserved their medical legacy, and enriched it with their pharmaceutical experiments, innovations, and newer formulations. Most of the physicians rendered voluminous compendium known as “Al-Qarābādhīn” (pharmacopoeia) on the pharmacy including pharmaceutical as well as cosmeceutical preparations. After the fifth century, the development in Unani Pharmacy has been greatly contributed by Arab physicians and the world acclaimed piece of knowledge from this period is Avicenna’s ‘Canon of Medicine’. The medical influences of the Arabs helped in further development, regulation, and advancement of pharmaceutical sciences in the European soil and evolved it as a distinctive institution of respect and public welfare. The vastness of knowledge of Greco-Arabic period can be judged from the fact that the contemporary innovations and developments in the pharmaceutical industry is primarily owed to the original contributions of Greek, Egyptian, and Arab philosophers and physicians, such as Hippocrates, Pedanios Dioscorides, Galen of Pergamon, Avicenna, Rhazes, Geber etc. In India, Mughals, especially emperor Akbar was very instrumental in the propagation of Unani medicine and had appointed Unani physicians in different cities of his territory. Later on, Khandan Shareefi (Shareefi family) and Khandan Azizi (Azizi family) played important roles in the promotion of Unani Pharmacy. In post-independence India , Hạkīm ‘Abd al-Hạmeed established Unani pharmacies on the lines of the modern pharmaceutical industry for the mass production of Unani formulations in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines. At present, Unani System of Medicine and its pharmacies enjoys the patronage of Government in India and other South-East Asian countries, such as Pakistan and Bangladesh along with post graduate education in Unani pharmacy. The present work is a sincere attempt of authors to critically appraise the Unani Pharmaceutical potentials from the past, the current waves of developments and issues, and their possible ways forward.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 24-36
Limited Discectomy for single level lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective study in a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Ahsan Md Kamrul , Khan Shahidul Islam , Joshi Sachindra Raj , Khan Md Zahidul Haq , Haque Md Hamidul , Mamud Abdullah Al
Published: January 2022

Objective: To perform retrospective analysis of 1000 patients who underwent open limited discectomy (OLD) for single level lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and to assess the long- term clinical outcomes.
Methods: 745 men and 255 women, with mean age of 38.03 ± 9.14 years (range 19- 55 years) who had primary LDH at L4-5 (n=640), L5-S1 (n=352), and L3-4 (n=8); underwent OLD were reviewed. Records were obtained regarding their demographic data, the side and level of disc herniation, operating time period, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and perioperative complications. VAS score was measured before and after operation, for the assessment of low back pain (LBP) and radicular pain. Comprehensive outcome outcomes were measured postoperatively with the modified Macnab criteria and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score.
Results: The mean follows up was 24.5 (range 24-70) months. Significant improvement of mean VAS score for back and leg pain was achieved. At the two years follow-up, results were excellent in 525 (52.50%), good in 325 (32.50%), fair in 140 (14.00%) and poor in 10 (1.00%). Complications found were reherniation (n=52), discitis (n=19), superficial wound infection (n=7), dural tear (n=7) and foot drop (n=2).
Conclusion: Open limited discectomy following fenestration or laminotomy is a safe and effective procedure and achieved favorable long-term outcome (e.g., low rate of recurrent LBP) and excellent patients’ satisfaction.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 37-44
Histological patterns of thyroid lesions among different age groups in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Wehliye Liban Hussein , Sonmez Recep Ercin , Moalin Fiqi Abdirahman , Alimoglu Orhan
Published: January 2022

Background: Thyroid nodules are seen in 4-7% of the population which are more common in women. Excising all of these lesions is impractical and associated with certain risk factors as well. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the most relevant diagnostic procedure to decide those that need to be surgically excised or not.
Methodology: The present study was conducted in Liban clinic, Mogadishu, Somalia. 220 patients whom were diagnosed with various types of tyroid lesions within 2 years of period were included in the study. Main objectives were to put forward the distribution of histological findings according to fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy results among different age groups, and to define the prevelance of certain subtypes of thyroid nodules in the region.
Results: 207 patients had ‘benign’ nodules and 13 patients had ‘malignant’ nodules according histological evaluationof fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy results. ‘31-40’ years of age interval was found to have the highest percentage of histologically ‘benign findings’, while patients within ‘41-50’ years of age had the highest rate of ‘malignant lesions’ in count among the study population. ‘Papillary’ (n=8)(61.5%) and ‘medullary’ (n=5)(38.5%) carcinomas were most common malignant features.Mostly recorded benign lesions were ‘colloidal goiter, multinodular goiter (MNG), nodular hyperplasia and adenomatoid goiter’ (n=94)(45.4%).
Conclusion: Characteristics of thyroidlesions in region of Mogadishu, Somalia show similar patterns based upon correlation of age with histological differences compared to recent literature. With the aid of FNA, majority of the population can be managed conservatively safely without need of surgical interventions.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 67-71
Identification of gender by radiographic analysis of mental foramen in a sample of Iraqi patients
Authors: Al Timimi Aymen Hameed Uraibi , Hameed Al Khafaji Thulficar Ghali , Oglah Albaaj Firas Saddam , Hasan Haider Ali , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: January 2022

Objective: The mandible is the strongest bone in the human skeleton. The uses of the morphological characters of such jawbone is a predominantly used approach in forensic dentistry to determine the gender of a severely damaged cadaver. Distinguishing sex, race and personal stamp of the unknown skeleton still has been the most challenging job in forensic dentistry. This research aimed to clarify the gender of Babylon population by mental foramen (MF) assessment using Orthopantomography (OPG).
Method: The present retrospective study was conducted on 120 digital panoramic radiographs. The radiographs were of 60 male and 60 female dentate patients aged between 18-62 years. Morphometric analysis was performed on bilateral mental foramina. Lines were drawn from superior (S) and inferior (I) borders of the foramen and perpendiculars to the lower (L) border of the mandible (S-L and I-L lines respectively). Data were distributed and subjected to statistical analysis using the Independent-Samples T test.
Results: The average values of S-L and I-L were significantly higher in males than in females (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The distance from the MF to the lower border of the lower jaw reveals gender differences in Babylon city population. Findings also suggest that OPG could be a useful technique for gender identification from the remnants of the human body skeleton. There was a statistical significant difference in the average S-L distance and average I-L distance between males and females at 3 different age groups (young adult, middle age and old age groups), except in the average I-L distance at the middle age group (p<0.05).
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 79-83
Physical Health Versus Mental Health in Haemodialysis Patient: Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life- A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Qader Md Abdul , Mottaleb AKM Abu , Shetu Naznin Akter , Salehin Khan Raonokosh , Ahad Nisha Tanjima , Specialist Labeeba Faria
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Assessment of health related quality of life (HRQOL) is an essential part of evaluation of end stage renal disease (ESRD) as we have conducted this study on haemodialysis patients to see the HRQOL and to asses and compare the parameters which influence physical and mental health.
Materials and Methods: This was a single centre study on haemodialysis patients using Short Form 36 (SF-36) of Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL). All the eight domains of HRQOL were assessed individually as well as summary scores for mental health (MCS Mental composite summary) and physical health (PCS Physical composite summary) were also evaluated. The questionnaire was completed by patient themselves and the clinical data was extracted from the medical records with prior consent from the patient.
Results and discussion: The study participants showed a female predominance of 66% with a lower PCS and MCS scores among female participants in comparison to their male counterparts. Overall summary scores showed a lower PCS (38.71±8.15) than MCS (42.79±11.6) which reflects better mental health than physical health in the study population. A multiple regression analysis showed, the presence of residual renal function (β= -0.421, p= 0.02), duration of dialysis (β= 0.405, p= 0.03) and haemoglobin less than 12g/dL (β= 0.379, p= 0.02) were significant predictors of MCS.
Conclusion: HRQOL in haemodialysis patients are influenced by socio-demographic as well as clinical parameters. In our population, kidney disease affects physical health more than mental health and the reasons are multifactorial.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 90-95
The knowledge level and practices on childhood injuries and interventions among parents at home
Authors: Devaraj Navin Kumar
Published: January 2022

Background: There are many common household emergencies that may involve children. This includes poisoning, falls, burns, choking, animal bites, very high fever and also febrile fits. Knowledge about preventive measures to prevent these accidents as home as well as knowing what to do when it occurs may help in preventing further complications and may aid in recovery. Therefore, this study aims to find out the general public knowledge regarding the preventive steps and early emergency steps that can be taken upon emergencies occurring among children.
Methods: A cross sectional study incorporating a questionnaire/instrument that included brief sociodemographic data and a total of 10 questions on common household injuries and emergencies, and either preventive steps or early interventions was used. The topics covered were 6 core topics on poisoning, falls, burns, choking, animal bites, high fever and also febrile fits.
Results: The total number of respondents was 119 parents. This study overall showed a good knowledge, attitude and practice among the parents towards common emergency inflicting children. Older aged and female parent were found to have more knowledge and positive attitude towards common emergencies among children, respectively.
Conclusion: Group identified as having a lower knowledge, attitude and/or practice should be targeted in future community education programmes to increase the knowledge as well positive attitudes and practices towards identifying and managing common emergencies among children.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 140-144
Phytochemical compound and non-cytotoxicity effect of sting bee and stingless bee honey against normal human gingival cell lines
Authors: Akmar Siti Lailatul , Ansari Moeez , Berahim Zurairah , Shima Shahidan Wan Nazatul
Published: January 2022

Objective: Both honeybees (Apis spp.) and stingless bees (Trigona spp.) produce honeys which normally taken orally, have high nutritional and therapeutics value. Until recently, phytochemical comparison of both honey is still scarce and elucidating cytotoxicity effects on human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF) in oral cavity is of interest.
Materials and Methods: Kelulut honey (KH), acquired from the stingless bees and acacia honey (AH) from the sting bees honey samples were underwent GC-MS analysis to ascertain their composition. HGF were exposed to various concentrations of KH and AH from the lowest 0.015% to the highest 5% by MTT assay for 24h, 48h and 72h.
Results: GC-MS analysis determined various beneficial compounds such as flavonoids, furans, pyrans, levoglucosan and hydroxymethylfurfural from both of honey samples. MTT assay showed that the HGF cells demonstrated good viability up to percentages (v/v) as high as almost 2% in both honeys. The IC50 values for both honey for all time frames fall at above 2%.
Conclusion: Both honey showed good survivability of HGF cells up to 2% of concentration.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 158-164
Resilience and Health-Related Quality of Life among Hepatitis C Patients in Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Zainulabid Ummu Afeera , Md Jalil Muhammad Ateeq , Jaafar Khairul Azhar , Yunus Raudah Mohd
Published: January 2022

Background: Hepatitis C is one of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide. Health impacts of hepatitis C are not limited to physical morbidity but include psychosocial dimensions such as quality of life (QOL), depression, anxiety, and stigmatization. In Malaysia, modifiable factors that can improve QOL among hepatitis C patients have not been adequately studied. Resilience – defined as the capacity to endure hardships and rebound from life adversities – is associated with mental health and well-being. Our study aims to test the association between resilience and QOL among hepatitis C patients.
Methods: Employing a cross-sectional design, 195 hepatitis C patients who attended Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) – the main public tertiary hospital in Pahang – were recruited through convenience sampling. Resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson resilience scale while Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) was measured by 36-item short-form survey (SF-36v2). Multiple linear regression was run to determine the association between resilience and HRQOL.
Results: We found significant associations between resilience and the physical (b=0.35; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.30; p<0.001) and mental dimension of HRQOL (b=0.47; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.42; p<0.001). Patients with higher resilience scores were more likely to have better HRQOL compared to those less resilient.
Conclusion: Resilience may be a protective factor in the disease trajectory of hepatitis C in terms of QOL. Health care providers should incorporate resilience into the management of hepatitis patients, through a multidisciplinary approach.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 165-170
Distribution Pattern of Children with Acute Respiratory Infection during Forest fire at Central Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: Astuti Yoni , Permana Iman , Ramadhan Bayu , Hussein Rahmawati
Published: January 2022

Over the past 30 years, forest fire has been one of main ecological issues in Indonesia. Human-caused deforestation was accused to be the reason behind this matter, apart from the drastic changing in global climate. Palangkaraya is one of the citiesaffected by haze of the forest fire in 2015; considered to be the worst year of forest fire with the value of PM10 was above the normal threshold. As the impact to the community wellbeing, the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in October 2015was increasing especially in children. The research aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of children with ARI in October 2015 at Palangkaraya City. Data onARI number were collected from Primary Care under Public Health Office of Palangkaraya City. The PM 10 value was collected bythe Environmental Agency of Palangkaraya City. The spatial analyse method was conducted using theAverage Nearest Neighbour (ANN) method. The result shows that the number of ANN ratio is 0.761801. It means that the distribution pattern of children with ARI in Central Kalimantan during the forest fire in October 2015 was in cluster form.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 171-174
Role of periostin in evaluating the responsiveness of allergic patients to allergen-specific immunotherapy
Authors: Selim Nashwa M , Sheikh Somia El , Metwally Wafaa S
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has been considered the most effective treatment for IgE mediated allergies, especially respiratory allergies. Several biomarkers have been developed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of AIT, yet none of them have been thoroughly validated. So our objective here is to investigate the usefulness of periostin as a biomaker for monitoring the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy.
Materials and methods: This study included 46 healthy non-atopic volunteers and 46 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). They were sensitized only to date palm pollen. The participants were tested by skin prick test and total serum IgE levels were measured. Serum samples were collected from healthy subjects and allergic patients before and after the one-year AIT. Serum levels of periostin, eotaxin, and sIL-2R were estimated by ELISA. Symptom scores in the allergic patients were also evaluated before and after completing one year AIT.
Results: There is a significant increase in serum levels of IgE, periostin, sIL-2R, and eotaxin in allergic patients as compared to healthy controls. Symptom scores, sIL-2R and serum periostin levels were significantly decreased after one-year AIT in AR patients.
Conclusion: Periostin can be used as a biomarker to evaluate AIT efficacy in AR patients.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 184-190
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Malay infant: Rare, Old and Often Forgotten Disease
Authors: Yaacob Norpazila , Hassan Mohd Nazri , Hussain Faezahtul Arbaeyah , Bahar Rosnah , Nasir Ariffin , Mohamad Norsarwany , Abdullah Wan Zaidah
Published: January 2022

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease but potentially life threatening clinical syndrome. It is caused by a multisystemic hyperinflammatory process secondary to severe hypercytokinemia with excessive and uncontrolled activation of the immune response. We report a case of familial HLH with no apparent causes in 6 months-old Malay girl presented with recurrent fever associated with severe anaemia and bleeding tendency requiring extensive treatment but refractory to the treatment which lead to mortality due to neutropenic sepsis indicating of poor prognosis of this disease. This familial type of HLH should be suspected in all children after excluding all the secondary causes with collective laboratory features and requiring extensive management as it associated with high mortality.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 196-200
Prevalence of coronary artery disease and its associated risk factors in Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ali Sheikh Md Sayed
Published: January 2022

Objective:Toevaluate the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) with its associated risk factors among Saudi population in Aljouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This is a retrospective hospital based study conducted at King Abdul Aziz specialized hospital Sakaka Aljouf, Saudi Arabia by selecting participants with diagnosed CAD by coronary angiogram, the meanage 55.1 ± 10.8 yrs ( range 35-75-years)over a period ofJanuary 2019to December 2019. Demographic characteristics included age, sex,diabetes, hypertension, smoking and family history of CAD. Laboratory data included such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 20.00software.
Results: One hundred two participants, out of eight hundred fifty five were diagnosed CADwhich included 64.7% stable angina and 35.2% unstable angina. The total prevalence of CAD obtained from this study was11.9% among male and female was7.89% and 4.621% respectively (P<0.0001). Diabetes (85.7%) and dyslipidemia 94.2%weremost important risk factors in female compared to male 59.1% and 62.2% respectively, while hypertension 82% higher in male than female 51.4 % considers as a significant (p<0.001). Smoking considered as an individual risk factor of 94% for male coronary artery disease patients.
Conclusion:The prevalence of CAD was higher in male 7.89 % than female 4.21% and its associated risk factors including hypertension and cigarette smoking.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 201-205
Reflection on improving feedback skills and a framework for moving towards feed forward
Authors: Abraham Reina M
Published: January 2022

Abstract not available
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 206-212