bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooling Rate and Microstructural Investigation of Rapidly Solidified Spherical Mono-Sized Copper Particles
Authors: Hu Ying Yan , Wang Jun Feng , Li Can , Gao Yi Ying , Li Jian Qiang
Published: January 2020

Spherical copper particles with diameter ranging from 120.6 to 437.0 μm were prepared by the pulsated orifice ejection method (termed “POEM”). These spherical copper particles exhibit a good spherical shape and a narrow size distribution, suggesting that the liquid copper can completely break the balance between the surface tension and the liquid static pressure in the crucible micropores and accurately control the volume of the droplets. Furthermore, the relationship between cooling rate and microstructures of spherical copper particles was carried out with a specific focus on different cooling atmosphere and particle diameter during the rapid solidification. The cooling rate of spherical copper particles is evaluated by a Newton’s cooling model. It is revealed that the cooling rate was depended on cooling medium and particle diameter. The cooling rate decreases and the grain size increases with the increase of particle diameter during the rapid solidification, while the grain boundary of same particle diameter with larger cooling rate in argon gas is smaller, while the grain boundary of particles with smaller cooling rate in helium gas is larger. When the particle diameter is larger than 100 μm, the cooling rate of the cooper droplet in argon gas achieves 1.0×104 K/s. Meanwhile, the cooling rate decreases rapidly when the particle diameter increased between 70.6 and 149.6 μm. It is an effective route for fabrication of high-quality spherical copper particles.
Skin Coating Design of Stealth Aircraft Based on Infrared Characteristic Analysis
Authors: Wu Kai Feng , Zhou Yue , Ma Jing , Lin Juan
Published: January 2020

With the requirement of the research on the stealthy aircraft’s infrared characteristic, the design and analysis have got more attention. Depend on synthesizing the main factors, include the surface IR radiation, the scatter radiation from the environment, the temperature distribution and the coat distribution of the surface, which effect the stealthy capability, a stealthy aircraft’s IR characteristic simulation model was proposed. Based on MODTRAN, the environment radiation model was built and was used in the simulation model. Finally, the proposed simulation mode was used in design and optimizing one stealthy aircraft, using combined the muti-island genetic algorithm with the sequential quadratic programming. The results of the mid-wave and long-wave radiation were got separately. These results provided considerable reference for infrared stealthy aircraft’s design.
The Genome Resequencing of TCR Loci in Gallus gallus Revealed Their Distinct Evolutionary Features in Avians
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Jing , Lin Ivan Y C , Yang Xi , Ma Junping , Chen Yan , Lv Na , Shi Yi , Gao George F , Zhu Baoli
Published: January 2020

The TCR is consisted of four chains: α (TCRα), β (TCRβ), γ (TCRγ), and δ (TCRδ) that are present in all jawed vertebrates. Birds are very important in terms of evolutionary aspects of the adaptive immune system, in which it bridges the evolutionary gap between mammals and other vertebrates. To gain better understanding into the genomic organization and complexity of birds’ TCR loci, we applied cross-reference error-correction sequencing approach by using Illumina and single-molecule real-time sequencing technology to resequence genomic regions of chicken TCR loci based on 10 mapped bacterial artificial chromosome clones. We did de novo classification of V and J genes for all four chains of the TCR loci according to our sequencing results using the Immunogenetics nomenclature. In sum, we identified 85, 8, and 37 TCR V gene segments in the chicken TCRα/TCRδ, TCRβ, and TCRγ loci, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis showed the Vα 7 and Vα family 4 gene sequences shared greater sequence similarity with mammalian species, whereas the other Vα segment sequences are evolutionary closer with sequences from bony fishes. The organization of chicken TCRβ locus is more similar to fish TCRβ locus over mammalian species, as chicken TCRβ locus has a single translocon of its V–D–J–C and exhibits significantly fewer Vβ gene segments. In this study, we present a highly precise genomic map for chicken TCR loci and phylogenetic relationships of TCR variable gene segments against other animal species and verified the relative stability of the receptor structure during evolutional process.
Efficacy and adherence of auto-CPAP therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective study
Authors: Dinh-Thi-Dieu Hang , Vo-Thi-Kim Anh , Tran-Van Huong , Duong-Quy Sy
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The use of auto-continuous positive airway pressure (auto-CPAP) therapy has been recommended for subjects with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) without significant comorbidities. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy and adherence of auto-CPAP therapy in subjects with OSA.

Methods: It was a perspective and descriptive study. All study subjects who had apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >30/h, measured by polysomnography, were included. They were treated with auto-CPAP and followed-up for 6 months for evaluating the effect of CPAP-therapy on clinical and biological features and treatment adherence.

Results: One hundred and thirty-nine subjects with severe OSA were accepted for auto-CPAP therapy at inclusion. BMI was 28.4±3.8 kg/m2; neck and abdomen circumferences were 38.2±6.4 and 85.7±11.6. Epworth and Pichot scores were 18.4±6.3 and 28.3±4.5, respectively; AHI was 39±7/h and arousal index was 39±13/hour. At 6th month, 96.4% of study subjects continued to use auto-CPAP-therapy within 6.5±2.4 hours/night. There was a significant correlation between the modification (Δ) of Epworth scores and (Δ) AHI after 3 and 6 months of auto-CPAP-therapy (R=0.568 and P=0.003; R=0.745 and P=0.002; respectively). At 6th month follow-up, the main side effects of auto-CPAP were difficult sleeping, dry mouth or nose, skin marks or rashes, discomfortable breathing, and nasal congestion (36.1%, 32.0%, 20.8%, 16.0%, and 11.9%; respectively).

Conclusion: Auto-CPAP is effective in treatment of Vietnamese patients with severe OSA in short-term follow-up.
A Critical and Exegetical Commentary On Exodus 1–18
Authors: Davies G. I.
Published: January 2020

Graham I. Davies provides his long-awaited commentary on the first ten chapters of the second book of the Torah in this in-depth engagement with Exodus chapters 1-10.

Davies brings together all the relevant aids to exegesis - linguistic, textual, philological, archaeological, historical, literary, and theological - to help the reader understand the text at hand. The first ten chapters of Exodus cover the affliction in Egypt and the finding of Moses as well as the plagues of Egypt and Moses' interactions with Pharaoh. Davies plumbs the depths of these well-known texts, bringing out many profound insights into their structure and meaning, and into the history of scholarship.

Two results of Davies's research are to place the old hypothesis of an Elohistic source on a much stronger footing and to reaffirm that both it and the J source extended through both Genesis and Exodus.
Sound Effect
Authors: Brown Ross
Published: January 2020

Longlisted for the PQ Best Publication Award in Performance Design & Scenography 2023

Sound Effect tells the story of the effect of theatrical aurality on modern culture. Beginning with the emergence of the modern scenic sound effect in the late 18th century, and ending with headphone theatre which brings theatre’s auditorium into an intimate relationship with the audience’s internal sonic space, the book relates contemporary questions of theatre sound design to a 250-year Western cultural history of hearing. It argues that while theatron was an instrument for seeing and theorizing, first a collective hearing, or audience is convened. Theatre begins with people entering an acoustemological apparatus that produces a way of hearing and of knowing. Once, this was a giant marble ear on a hillside, turned up to a cosmos whose inaudible music accounted for all. In modern times, theatre’s auditorium, or instrument for hearing, has turned inwards on the people and their collective conversance in the sonic memes, tropes, clichés and picturesques that constitute a popular, fictional ontology.

This is a study about drama, entertainment, modernity and the theatre of audibility. It addresses the cultural frames of resonance that inform our understanding of SOUND as the rubric of the world we experience through our ears. Ross Brown reveals how mythologies, pop-culture, art, commerce and audio, have shaped the audible world as a form of theatre. Garrick, De Loutherbourg, Brecht, Dracula, Jekyll, Hyde, Spike Milligan, John Lennon, James Bond, Scooby-Do and Edison make cameo appearances as Brown weaves together a history of modern hearing, with an argument that sound is a story, audibility has a dramaturgy, hearing is scenographic, and the auditoria of drama serve modern life as the organon, or definitive frame of reference, on the sonic world.
Digital Food
Authors: Lewis Tania
Published: January 2020

Tania Lewis offers the first critical account of the impact of digital information, media and communication technologies on the realm of food. Encompassing everything from provisioning and consumption, farming and food marketing, activism and food politics, Lewis critically analyzes how our relationship to food consumption, production, and politics is being re-mediated through digitally connected electronic devices, practices and content. By drawing together the world of food and the digital, the book speaks to a number of pressing contemporary themes including the tensions around digital engagement in increasingly commercialized spaces; the changing nature of politics in a social media context; the growing naturalization of digital devices and related practices of data monitoring; the role and impact of digitization on social relations.

From home cookery to restaurant-going, from farming to food politics, the world of food is being quietly colonised by an array of electronic devices, online content and information, and communication technologies. Meanwhile, the realm of the digital has been invaded by all things food-related, from endless food snapshots on Facebook and Instagram to the rise of Youtube cooking and food channels, the fastest-growing genre on the video-sharing service. Yet there has been surprisingly little written on the growing entanglements between the digital and the world of food.

At the forefront of critical new research, and written with the student readership in mind, this is a fantastic text for scholars interested in media studies, cultural studies, food studies and cultural geography.
Identity, Motivation, and Multilingual Education in Asian Contexts
Authors: Feng Teng Mark , Lixun Wang
Published: January 2020

This book investigates how learners’ motivations and identities are constructed in the process of learning and using multiple languages in Asian contexts. It presents examples of multilingual contexts in different parts of Asia and illustrates various achievements and challenges associated with multilingual education. Drawing on recent theoretical developments regarding learners’ motivations and identities in language learning-related research, this book uncovers learners’ motivations that underlie their decisions of learning multiple languages in Asian contexts. It incorporates conceptual interpretations of learners’ motivations and identities in multilingual education.

Through empirical studies, the authors offer conceptual interpretations on emerging concepts such as dual-motivation system, motivation dynamics, motivational transformation episodes, and hierarchies of identities. In addition to being highly relevant to applied linguistics, this book is a valuable reference for every university and college library that serves a faculty or school of education.
Kenneth Lonergan
Authors: May Todd
Published: January 2020

Kenneth Lonergan’s three films—You Can Count on Me (2000), Margaret (2011), and Manchester by the Sea (2016)—are rife with philosophical complexities. They challenge simple philosophical approaches to central issues of human behaviour. In particular, they ask questions about how to cope with suffering that one cannot overcome, the role that self-deception plays in people’s lives and how to think about characters who do not embody simplistic moral ideas of virtue and vice. By philosophically engaging with these themes as they unfold in Lonergan’s films, we are then able to formulate a more nuanced answer to the questions they pose. Kenneth Lonergan: Philosophical Filmmaker will draw from Lonergan’s films and plays, along with the philosophical literature on the topics that they explore. The rich history of philosophical reflection surrounding these areas enables the reader to determine how the themes central to Lonergan’s work have combined to create a rich cinematic oeuvre.
D’Angelo’s Voodoo
Authors: Pennick Faith A.
Published: January 2020

Voodoo, D'Angelo's much-anticipated 2000 release, set the standard for the musical cycle ordained as “neo-soul,” a label the singer and songwriter would reject more than a decade later. The album is a product of heightened emotions and fused sensibilities; an amalgam of soul, rock, jazz, gospel, hip-hop, and Afrobeats. D'Angelo put to music his own pleasures and insecurities as a man-child in the promised land. It was both a tribute to his musical heroes: Prince, Sly Stone, Marvin Gaye, J Dilla...and a deconstruction of rhythm and blues itself.

Despite nearly universal acclaim, the sonic expansiveness of Voodoo proved too nebulous for airplay on many radio stations, seeping outside the accepted lines of commercial R&B music. Voodoo was Black, it was definitely magic, and it was nearly overshadowed by a four-minute music video featuring D'Angelo's sweat-glistened six-pack abs. "The Video" created an accentuated moment when the shaman lost control of the spell he cast.
Joe Hisaishi’s Soundtrack for My Neighbor Totoro
Authors: Hara Kunio
Published: January 2020

My Neighbor Totoro is a long-standing international icon of Japanese pop culture that grew out of the partnership between the legendary animator Miyazaki Hayao and the world-renowned composer Joe Hisaishi. A crucial step in the two artists’ collaboration was the creation of the album, My Neighbor Totoro: Image Song Collection, with lyrics penned by Miyazaki and Nakagawa Rieko, a famed children’s book author, and music composed by Hisaishi. The album, released in 1987 prior to the opening of the film, served not only as a promotional product, but also provided Miyazaki with concrete ideas about the characters and the themes of the film. This book investigates the extent to which Hisaishi’s music shaped Miyazaki’s vision by examining the relationship between the images created by Miyazaki and the music composed by Hisaishi, with special emphasis on their approaches to nostalgia, one of the central themes of the film
Transcultural Sound Practices
Authors: Maier Carla J.
Published: January 2020

Listening to the sound practices of bands and musicians such as the Asian Dub Foundation or M.I.A., and spanning three decades of South Asian dance music production in the UK, Transcultural Sound Practices zooms in on the concrete sonic techniques and narrative strategies in South Asian dance music and investigates sound as part of a wider assemblage of cultural technologies, politics and practices. Carla J. Maier investigates how sounds from Hindi film music tunes or bhangra tracks have been sampled, cut, looped and manipulated, thus challenging and complicating the cultural politics of sonic production. Rather than conceiving of music as a representation of fixed cultures, this book engages in a study of music that disrupts the ways in which ethnicity has been written into sound and investigates how transcultural sound practices generate new ways of thinking about culture.
Not quite what’s on paper? Comparison between theoretical and actual information-sharing networks in the Ugandan rural water service sector
Authors: Sara Dewachter  , Patricia Bamanyaki  , Nathalie Holvoet
Published: January 2020

Under Uganda’s decentralised system, rural water service delivery remains to some extent problematic. Several studies attribute the possible causes of deficiencies in the water sector to governance issues. This article applies social network analysis to map upward and downward water-related information flows between the actors of local government from village to district level. Comparing the actual information-sharing network with what’s on paper reveals a less reciprocal and more centralised network than that theoretically envisaged. Some actors, such as the district water officer, are more central than expected in terms of sending and receiving information, while others seem to underperform. Our findings show, however, that it is not the political–administrative information exchange which is the biggest obstacle, but rather information flows between higher (district and sub-county) and lower (parish and village) levels of the local governance structure. Adding water users to the analysis reveals the village chairperson as the most crucial broker of information upward to duty bearers at district level. The limited role of water user committees also becomes apparent. The authors conclude that information communication technology holds potential to overcome some of the bottlenecks (eg distance) hindering the flow of water-related information between actors at different levels.
A reassessment of the discrepancies in the annual variation of δD-H2O in the tropical lower stratosphere between the MIPAS and ACE-FTS satellite data sets
Authors: Lossow Stefan , Högberg Charlotta , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Stiller Gabriele P. , Bauer Ralf , Walker Kaley A. , Kellmann Sylvia , Linden Andrea , Kiefer Michael , Glatthor Norbert , von Clarmann Thomas , Murtagh Donal P. , Steinwagner Jörg , Röckmann Thomas , Eichinger Roland
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The annual variation of δD in the tropical lower stratosphere is a critical indicator for the relative importance of different processes contributing to the transport of water vapour through the cold tropical tropopause region into the stratosphere. Distinct observational discrepancies of the δD annual variation were visible in the works of Steinwagner et al. (2010) and Randel et al. (2012). Steinwagner et al. (2010) analysed MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) observations retrieved with the IMK/IAA (Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung in Karlsruhe, Germany, in collaboration with the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía in Granada, Spain) processor, while Randel et al. (2012) focused on ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer) observations. Here we reassess the discrepancies based on newer MIPAS (IMK/IAA) and ACE-FTS data sets, also showing for completeness results from SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer) observations and a ECHAM/MESSy (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Hamburg and Modular Earth Submodel System) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) simulation (Eichinger et al., 2015b). Similar to the old analyses, the MIPAS data set yields a pronounced annual variation (maximum about 75 ‰), while that derived from the ACE-FTS data set is rather weak (maximum about 25 ‰). While all data sets exhibit the phase progression typical for the tape recorder, the annual maximum in the ACE-FTS data set precedes that in the MIPAS data set by 2 to 3 months. We critically consider several possible reasons for the observed discrepancies, focusing primarily on the MIPAS data set. We show that the δD annual variation in the MIPAS data up to an altitude of 40 hPa is substantially impacted by a “start altitude effect”, i.e. dependency between the lowermost altitude where MIPAS retrievals are possible and retrieved data at higher altitudes. In itself this effect does not explain the differences with the ACE-FTS data. In addition, there is a mismatch in the vertical resolution of the MIPAS HDO and H2O data (being consistently better for HDO), which actually results in an artificial tape-recorder-like signal in δD. Considering these MIPAS characteristics largely removes any discrepancies between the MIPAS and ACE-FTS data sets and shows that the MIPAS data are consistent with a δD tape recorder signal with an amplitude of about 25 ‰ in the lowermost stratosphere.
Sediment release of dissolved organic matter to the oxygen
minimum zone off Peru
Authors: Loginova Alexandra N. , Dale Andrew W. , LeMoigne Frédéric A. C. , Thomsen Sören , Sommer Stefan , Wallmann Klaus , Engel Anja
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) represents one of the most productive areas in the ocean that is characterized by a pronounced oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Particulate organic matter (POM) that sinks out of the euphotic zone is supplied to the anoxic sediments and utilized by microbial communities. The degradation of POM is associated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) production and reworking. The release of recalcitrant DOM to the overlying waters may represent an important organic matter escape mechanism from remineralization within sediments but received little attention in OMZ regions so far. Here, we combine measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) with DOM optical properties in the form of chromophoric (CDOM) and fluorescent (FDOM) DOM from pore waters and near-bottom waters of the ETSP off Peru. We evaluate diffusion–driven fluxes and net in situ fluxes of DOC and DON in order to investigate processes affecting DOM cycling at the sediment–water interface along a transect 12° S. To our knowledge, these are the first data for sediment release of DON and pore water CDOM and FDOM for the ETSP off Peru. Pore-water DOC and DON accumulated with increasing sediment depth, suggesting an imbalance between DOM production and remineralization within sediments. High DON accumulation resulted in very low pore water DOC / DON ratios (> 1) which could be caused by either an imbalance in DOC and DON remineralization, or to the presence of an additional nitrogen source. Diffusion driven fluxes of DOC and DON exhibited high spatial variability. They varied from 0.2–0.1 mmol m−2 d−1 to 2.52–1.3 mmol m−2 d−1 and from −0.042–0.02 mmol m−2 d−1 to 3.32–1.7 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. Generally low net in situ DOC and DON fluxes as well as steepening of spectral slope (S) of CDOM and accumulation of humic-like FDOM at the near-bottom waters over time indicated active microbial DOM utilization at the sediment–water interface, potentially stimulated by nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−). The microbial DOC utilization rates, estimated in our study, may be sufficient to support denitrification rates of 0.2–1.4 mmol m−2 d−1, suggesting that sediment release of DOM contributes substantially to nitrogen loss processes in the ETSP off Peru.
Remote sensing in an index-based insurance design for hedging economic impacts on rice cultivation
Authors: Valverde-Arias Omar Roberto , Esteve Paloma , Tarquis Ana María , Garrido Alberto
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Rice production in Ecuador is steadily affected by extreme climatic events
that make it difficult for farmers to cope with production risk, threatening rural livelihoods and food security in the country. Developing agricultural insurance is a policy option that has gained traction in the last decade. Index-based agricultural insurance has become a promising alternative that allows insurance companies to ascertain and quantify losses without verifying a catastrophic event in situ, lowering operative costs and easing implementation. But its development can be hindered by basis risk, which occurs when real losses in farms do not fit accurately with the selected index. Avoiding basis risk requires assessing the variability within the insurance application area and considering it for representative index selection. In this context, we have designed an index-based insurance (IBI) that uses a vegetation index (normalized difference vegetation index – NDVI) as an indicator of drought and flood impact on rice in the canton of Babahoyo (Ecuador). Babahoyo was divided in two agro-ecological homogeneous zones (AHZs) to account for variability, and two NDVI threshold values were defined to consider, first, the event impact on crops (physiological threshold) and, second, its impact on the gross margin (economic threshold). This design allows us to set up accurate insurance premiums and compensation that fit the particular conditions of each AHZ, reducing basis risk.
Short-term effects of fertilization on dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil leachate
Authors: Tiefenbacher Alexandra , Weigelhofer Gabriele , Klik Andreas , Pucher Matthias , Santner Jakob , Wenzel Walter , Eder Alexander , Strauss Peter
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Besides the importance of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil biogeochemical processes, there is still a debate on how agricultural intensification affects the composition and concentration of dissolved organic matter leached from soils into adjacent aquatic ecosystems. In order to investigate the immediate response of DOM leaching to fertilization, we conducted a short-term (45 day) lysimeter experiment with undisturbed silt loam and loamy sand soil cores. Mineral (calcium ammonium nitrate) or organic (pig slurry) fertilizer was applied on the soil surface with a concentration equivalent to 130 kg N ha−1. After fertilization, soil leachate was collected in 6-days intervals. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations (DOC) were measured with gas chromatography, while shifts in DOM composition were analysed using absorbance and excitation- emission fluorescence indices from peak-picking as well as from PARAFAC analysis. During the first 12 days, fertilization of a silt loam reduced DOC concentrations in the leachate and shifted its composition towards more microbial- like compounds. Additionally, the discrepancy in DOM composition between fertilizer and control treatments of a silt loam increased with time. However, in loamy sand only mineral fertilization affected organic matter leaching and decreased DOC concentrations in the leachate during the first 12 days. Furthermore, mineral fertilization of the loamy sand led to DOM compounds with low molecular size in the first 12 days. Our results show that fertilization tends to increase microbial transformed DOM, while it reduces leached DOC concentrations. Furthermore, the magnitude of fertilization on DOC concentrations and DOM composition was highly depending on the soil texture they originate from. However, in our set-up, the experimental soil units were restricted to a soil depth of 16 cm (Ap horizon). At ecosystem level, a sufficiently long soil passage might mitigate the impact of fertilization on soil DOM.
Glaciohydraulic seismic tremors on an Alpine glacier
Authors: Lindner Fabian , Walter Fabian , Laske Gabi , Gimbert Florent
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Hydraulic processes impact viscous and brittle ice deformation. Water-driven fracturing as well as turbulent water flow within and beneath glaciers radiate seismic waves which provide insights into otherwise hard-to-access englacial and subglacial environments. In this study, we analyze glaciohydraulic tremors recorded by four seismic arrays installed in different parts of Glacier de la Plaine Morte, Switzerland. Data were recorded during the 2016 melt season including the sudden subglacial drainage of an ice-marginal lake. Together with our seismic data, discharge, lake level, and ice flow measurements provide constraints on glacier hydraulics. We find that the tremors are generated by subglacial water flow, in moulins, and by icequake bursts. The dominating process can vary on sub-kilometer and sub-daily scales. Consistent with field observations, continuous source tracking via matched-field processing suggests a gradual up-glacier progression of an efficient drainage system as the melt season progresses. The ice-marginal lake likely connects to this drainage system via hydrofracturing, which is indicated by sustained icequake signals emitted from the proximity of the lake basin and starting roughly 24 h prior to the lake drainage. To estimate the hydraulics associated with the drainage, we use tremor–discharge scaling relationships. Our analysis suggests a pressurization of the subglacial environment at the drainage onset, followed by an increase in the hydraulic radii of the conduits and a subsequent decrease in the subglacial water pressure as the capacity of the drainage system increases. The pressurization is in phase with the drop in the lake level, and its retrieved maximum coincides with ice uplift measured via GPS. Our results highlight the use of cryo-seismology for monitoring glacier hydraulics.
Offshore Wind Energy Resource Assessment from Satellite Data Observations and WRF in Porto Santo Island
Authors: Pereira Fabiola S. , Silva Carlos S.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The vast majority of isolated electricity production systems such as Islands depends on fossil fuels. Porto Santo Island, a Portuguese UNESCO Biosphere Reserve candidate from Madeira Archipelago situated in the Atlantic Ocean, aims to become a sustainable territory in order to reduce its carbon footprint. A sustainable pathway goes through the integration of renewable energy in the electricity production system, in particular, the potential of offshore wind energy. The scope of this work has three main purposes: (1) the offshore wind resource assessment in Porto Santo Island, (2) the determination of a zone of interest regarding the combination of different parameters such us the bathymetry, distance to the coastline and integrated in the national situation plan of maritime space (3) the estimation of the annual energy production from the best-fitted Weibull Distribution. In the first place, a methodology for data analysis was defined processing netcdf data regarding a ten year wind hindcast from WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) atmospheric model at 100 m above mean sea level from Ocean Observatory, annual and monthly mean offshore wind energy resource maps were created and a comparison with about 20 year times series of surface winds derived from remotely satellite scatterometer observations at different locations was made. Results show that the average annual mean wind speeds reach the range of 6.6–7.6 m/s in specific areas, situated in the northern part of Porto Santo Island with a Weibull distribution shape parameter (k) of 2.4–2.9. Based on the results, the wind resource assessment, the estimation of the annual wind energy production and capacity factors were calculated from the best-fitted Weibull distribution for each of the geographical coordinates selected. Comparisons with observational data show that WRF model is a proficient wind generating tool. The technical energy production potential and a priority zoning for offshore wind power development is performed using wind turbine generators of 3.3 MW–8.0 MW capacity, that could generate between 12 and 26 GWh of energy per year, while avoiding CO2 emissions. The results show that an offshore wind farm plan is an eligible choice, with an average annual wind power density reaching about 300  W/m2 at 100 m height in the north region.
Optimal relationship between power and design-driving loads for wind turbine rotors using 1-D models
Authors: Loenbaek Kenneth , Bak Christian , Madsen Jens I. , Dam Bjarke
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We investigate the optimal relationship between the aerodynamic power, thrust loading and size of a wind turbine rotor when its design is constrained by a static aerodynamic load. Based on 1-D axial momentum theory, the captured power P̃ for a uniformly loaded rotor can be expressed in terms of the rotor radius R and the rotor thrust coefficient CT. Common types of static design-driving load constraints (DDLCs), e.g., limits on the permissible root-bending moment or tip deflection, may be generalized into a form that also depends on CT and R. The developed model is based on simple relations and makes explorations of overall parameters possible in the early stage of the rotor design process. Using these relationships to maximize P̃ subject to a DDLC shows that operating the rotor at the Betz limit (maximum CP) does not lead to the highest power capture. Rather, it is possible to improve performance with a larger rotor radius and lower CT without violating the DDLC. As an example, a rotor design driven by a tip-deflection constraint may achieve 1.9 % extra power capture P̃ compared to the baseline (Betz limit) rotor. This method is extended to the optimization of rotors with respect to annual energy production (AEP), in which the thrust characteristics CT(V) need to be determined together with R. This results in a much higher relative potential for improvement since the constraint limit can be met over a larger range of wind speeds. For example, a relative gain in AEP of +5.7 % is possible for a rotor design constrained by tip deflections, compared to a rotor designed for optimal CP. The optimal solution for AEP leads to a thrust curve with three distinct operational regimes and so-called thrust clipping.
The Effectiveness of One-To-One Instruction Strategies on Improving the Academic, Social, and Functionality of Children With Autism
Authors: Alqahtani Ragea Mohammad
Published: January 2020

The study aimed to know The Effectiveness of One-To-One Instruction Strategies on Improving the Academic, Social, and Functionality of Children with Autism. The method used was qualitative analysis. Articles published were selected and analyzed. The results showed that From the qualitative studies of the methodology, it is evident that the one-to-one instructional strategies indeed affected social skills and academic What about Functionality of Children with Autism. In light of the results, the study suggested some recommendations.
Posttraumatic Healing inCaesar's Things
Authors: Kim Sharon
Published: January 2020

Caesar's Things, the unpublished religious novel by Zelda Fitzgerald, is considered a product of her mental disorder, yet it is rarely analyzed with the tools available through psychoanalytic theory. The often-remarked incoherence of the text becomes more legible when read in terms of psychological trauma instead of the vague idea of madness. At the literal center of the novel in chapter 4 are traces of an unrepresented trauma, which doubles and is screened by an explicitly described trauma in chapter 1, and whose repercussions affect the main character Janno throughout the novel. The narrative form itself exhibits features associated with posttraumatic experience, such as the centrality of death, the splitting of the self, the distortion of temporality, and the shattering of witness seen in failures of memory and language. Yet far from merely recording psychosis, the narrative frame consciously establishes a stabilizing architecture for these posttraumatic traits, adapting a clear structure derived from biblical motifs and decentering the psychiatrists represented in the manuscript. In Caesar's Things, Zelda Fitzgerald represents an unresolved wound to the psyche but indicates hope of healing in a future redemption.
Multi criteria analysis of the energy potential of agricultural residues: The case study of Međimurje County in Croatia
Authors: Golubić Sandra , Voća Neven , Pliestić Stjepan
Published: January 2020

Aim of study: The utilization of agricultural residues may become one of the major sources for production of energy from biomass. The objective of this paper was to analyse the type and quantity of agricultural residues and to determine their energy potential.Area of study: The Međimurje County (north Croatia).Material and methods: The paper analyses three models of sustainable agricultural residues management applying the multi-criteria analysis. The assessment included potentially available quantities of residues in crops, fruit, viniculture and livestock production. For determining the most appropriate model of residues utilisation the multi-criteria analysis was applied.Main results: The results show that total quantities of agricultural biomass amount to 323,912 t with energy potential of 1,092 TJ annually. The largest sustainably available potential of agricultural biomass consists of biomass from arable crops production, with total quantity of 33,670 t followed by 281,233 t of manure from livestock production. The lowest share of potential biomass are pruning residues in fruit and grapevine production with total available residual quantity of 8,109 t. Also, it results from the multi-criteria analysis that a central large scale plant for biogas production is the most feasible facility for such production.Research highlights: The results of this paper provide ground for further development of the models for assessing the sustainability of using agricultural residues, and they can also serve as a basis for assessments of bioenergy projects in specific regions of the European Union.
OUTLINE OF CLUSTER CONCEPT OF HUMANITARIAN ZONE ORGANIZATION FOR REFUGEES IN MILITARY CRISIS SITUATION
Authors: HAJT Sławomir , STANKIEWICZ Grzegorz
Published: January 2020

Nowadays it is not possible to assume that one can ensure global, regional and personal security. The geopolitical situation is changing all the time. Moreover, one cannot exclude the fact that in the future military crisis situations will appear generating a significant number of refugees. Those refugees will expect humanitarian aid.In the initial part of this article, the authors describe and characterize peaceful and humanitarian actions carried out by international military forces. Next, the authors analyze the available data connected with the scale of refugee problem during selected military crisis situations. Based on the data collected, the authors introduce the functional concept of a refugee camp.Finally, the authors of this article outline the cluster concept of humanitarian zone organization for refugees in future military crisis situations. This proposed method may allow one to better overcome the refugee problem in the future. What is more, the authors mention a few advantages of this concept as an attempt to solve the humanitarian problem of refugees.
ON SOME RECENT CYBER THREATS
Authors: MUSIOŁ Adam , MUSIOŁ Sabina
Published: January 2020

The growing popularity of computers can result in a number of new problems that were unknown in the past. Recently, apart from military, religious and political threats, one can also distinguish a cyber threat. This term denotes all the hazards resulting from technological development, especially the Internet. This type of threat emerged at the end of last century and it is becoming more and more serious.
EMPIRICAL VERIFICATION OF DRIVERS BEHAVIOUR IN ROAD ACCIDENT SITUATION
Authors: KAŁUŻNY Ryszard
Published: January 2020

The study shown in this article attempts to identify the diverse reactions of drivers who witness a road accident and are faced with circumstances where providing first aid is necessary.Verbal simulation techniques were performed on 88 respondents (49 men and 39 women) – drivers with a varied level of driving skills and different first aid experience. For the purpose of this article the interviewed drivers were asked to declare the most possible way in which they would react to three hypothetical situations: (1) when first aid is neces-sary (without giving the interviewee any details about the accident they were involved in); (2) when the interviewee has to decide on the order in which he/she will rescue the casualties; (3) when the interviewee is in a rush for a very important meeting when he/she witnesses a road accident.
TRAINING OF UNITS SPECIALIZED TO COMBAT IEDs OPERATING WITHIN POLISH MILITARY CONTINGENT
Authors: MONDEL Antoni , PILARCZYK Filip
Published: January 2020

This article presents the necessity for the training of specialized units designated to combat IEDs in accordance with “The Training Program of Professional Engineering Units”. It shows training requirements as well as the equipment used by specialized units in order to fight against IEDs as part of the Polish Military Contingent (PMC). Besides, the authors introduce a new concept of training intended to prepare soldiers to carry out their combat assignments in the areas where there is a high risk of the occurrence of IEDs. Moreover, the authors propose the use of new technical solutions in the equipment of units designated to combat IEDs.
DETERMINATION OF SYSTEM OPERATION HISTORY BASED ON OIL FIELD DATA
Authors: VALIS David , ZAK Libor , GLOS Josef , WALEK Agata
Published: January 2020

The paper is to apply regression analysis methods with confidence intervals in order to analyse field data with the aim of finding the dependence of Fe particles occurrence on operating time. When comparing the results of the method/approach the authors believe that they can estimate the real operating profile of observed technical systems as well as its operating history. The results might be used for optimizing during an operation and maintenance phase.
ADDED VALUE AS FACTOR IN BUILDING NAVIGATION TUNNELS
IN PROCESS ORGANIZATION – CASE STUDY
Authors: FLIEGER Michał , KOSIŃSKI Eryk
Published: January 2020

The liberalisation of the energy market makes it necessary for the companies to survey their customers’ needs in order to get to know them and finally to meet them. It is important to deliver added value exactly as it is expected by the market. To do that, it is crucial to change organizational structures into process ones. Such structures allow the organization to know the needs and adjust to them accordingly. The mechanism of navigation tunnels is implemented so that the workers know exactly what they should do to please the customer. To recognize the needs, it is useful to check the elements which create the value for the customers as well as the importance of the elements.
LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STIMULATION. EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF NONFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Authors: CHOMIAK-ORSA Iwona , FLIEGER Michał
Published: January 2020

Local governments support local development with various instruments. It is often the case that they focus on financial instruments. Thus they are no longer the base of competitive advantage and local governments have to search for nonfinancial instruments to attract companies to the region. Those instruments are of different effectiveness, so it seems crucial for local leaders to know which instruments are the most effective. The article presents the research results indicating the level of effectiveness of each nonfinancial instrument that local offices may use.
Note on the regulation of veterinary medical devices in the EU: A review of the current situation and its impact on animal health and safety
Authors: Potockova H , Kusnierik P , Dohnal J
Published: January 2020

Medical devices form a large heterogeneous group of products ranging from simple tools to medical testing and implants, the safety and efficacy of which are strictly regulated in all developed countries. Thanks to the health and cost benefits, medical devices have also found their way into veterinary medicine but, surprisingly, the regulation of these products is far less complex or, in some cases, missing altogether. Given the complexity and potential hazards of certain veterinary devices, the current state of affairs may lead to health and safety risks, both for animals and personnel involved. This review is the first to systematically map the current situation in the EU, revealing health and safety risks in practice for both animals and personnel involved and discussing them in a broader context. Only six out of the EU's 28 member states (Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, and Slovakia) were found to have at least a degree of regulation of veterinary devices. As a result, a single product may be regulated as a veterinary medicinal product, a veterinary medical device or not be regulated at all, depending on the particular EU member state in question. As things stand, veterinary medicine makes use of all kinds of medical devices, including human products, regardless of their regulatory status and (pre-market) control. However, the use of such devices may influence the health and well-being of animals. Several measures are therefore suggested to attain the required levels of safety and efficacy surveillance for veterinary medical devices without creating excessive administration.
Bocángel’s Silva «El Retrato»: A Textual Trojan Horse? / La Silva «El Retrato», de Bocángel: ¿un caballo de Troya?
Authors: Mercado Leticia
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: Gabriel Bocángel’s silva «El retrato» (c. 1638) is a textual Trojan horse in the war for poetic patronage in the early modern Spanish court. Written on the wedding of the poet’s cousin to Juan de Cetina, secretary to the Admiral of Castile, the poem is a verbal portrait of the bride that undermines not only the tradition of the descriptio puellae, but also the Count-Duke of Olivares’s power. As a panegyric of the latter’s enemy, the text employs the botanical images of the laurel and the ivy, exploiting the full sense of their symbolic meaning. As an appeal for the patronage of poetry and letters at court and an exercise in «self-fashioning» (Greenblatt), the text makes the lovers’ and the poet’s pursuits parallel to the «siege» of Daphne; the poet, as a new Apollo, sings and weaves a complex poetic fabric in which different tensions are ultimately resolved in the image of the Admiral’s laurelcrowned brow, to which both the couple’s and the poet’s ambitions aspire.
KEYWORDS
Bocángel; Patronage; Silva; Olivares; Baroque; Emblems.
RESUMEN: La silva «El retrato» (c. 1638) de Gabriel Bocángel es un caballo de Troya en la guerra por el patronazgo poético en el contexto de la corte española del siglo XVII. Escrita con motivo de la boda de la prima del poeta con Juan de Cetina, secretario del Almirante de Castilla, el poema es un retrato verbal de la novia que socava no sólo la tradición de la descriptio puellae, sino el poder del Conde-Duque de Olivares, enemigo acérrimo del Almirante. Como panegírico de este último, el texto emplea las imágenes botánicas del laurel y la hiedra explotando el pleno sentido de su significado emblemático y simbólico. Como petición de patronazgo de la poesía y las letras en la corte y como ejercicio de «self-fashioning» (Greenblatt), el texto pone en paralelo los objetivos de los amantes y del poeta con el acoso a Dafne; como nuevo Apolo, el poeta canta tejiendo un complejo tapiz en el que distintas tensiones se resuelven finalmente en la imagen de la frente del Almirante, coronada de laureles, a la que aspiran por igual las ambiciones de los amantes y del propio poeta.