bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical Approach for the Preparation of α-Keto Amides by Direct Aminocarbonylation of Carboxylic Esters with a Carbamoylsilane
Authors: Chen Jianxin , Han Yuling , Han Shenghua , Ma Jiangwen , Li Weidong
Published: February 2020

A novel and practical method has been developed for the preparation of α-keto amides by a catalyst-free aminocarbonylation of carboxylic esters with N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl(trimethyl)silane under neutral conditions. A new protocol for the synthesis of vicinal tricarbonyl compounds was also developed by using this method. In the case of diesters, only one ester group reacted selectively with 1.2 equivalents of the carbamoylsilane, leading to the formation of a single α-keto amide. The reaction was suitable for aryl, hetaryl, or open-chain esters containing strongly electron-withdrawing groups.
Echtzeit-Ortung: Weshalb Tracking für Kliniken schon heute profitabel ist
Authors: Weise Holger , Schmidt Ingo
Published: February 2020

An diesem Thema kommt man derzeit kaum vorbei: Echtzeit-Ortung. Das smarte Tool zur Lokalisierung von Inventaren, Transportgütern und Personen kann Klinikprozesse nachhaltig verschlanken und stößt folgerichtig auf reges Interesse seitens der Klinikbetreiber. Doch fast immer steht eine Frage im Raum: Welchen konkreten Nutzen hat man hiervon eigentlich?
Einweginstrumente: Tausende Tonnen Wegwerf-Edelstahl in Krankenhäusern
Authors: Sokolow Anja
Published: February 2020

Nach wenigen Schnitten ist der Verband ab – und die Edelstahlschere landet im Müll. Wenn der Freiburger Klinikarzt Andreas Thomsen und seine Kollegen Patienten versorgen, füllen sich die Eimer sehr schnell mit Einmal-Instrumenten aus Edelstahl.
Generational Bargain, Transfer of Disadvantages and Extreme Poverty: A Qualitative Enquiry from Bangladesh
Authors: Akram Owasim , Maitrot Mathilde , Denk Thomas
Published: February 2020

Why do the poor stay poor? And, crucially, why are their children likely to be poor and end up poor later in life? This is a familiar question in the fields of development, social policy and economics alike. Bangladesh has seen notable successes in reducing poverty, and yet, addressing the transfer of deprivations and disadvantages within and between generations still poses a major challenge for policy-makers. To date, literature on inter-generational poverty remains dominated by large quantitative panel data. By contrast, this study draws on a unique qualitative dataset of 72 extreme poor households across Bangladesh, examining how inter- and intra-generational bargains generate extreme poverty. It is argued that, while poverty is transferred inter-generationally, it is not transferred equally. Rather, transferred disadvantages are shaped by persistent forms of deprivation, discrimination and a household-level political economy that is highly gendered. The inter-generational transfer of poverty should be seen as a dynamic and negotiated process that is crucially shaped by intra-generational bargains.
Viscous limits of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations to piecewise smooth solutions with two interacting out-going shocks
Authors: Ma Shixiang
Published: February 2020

We study the viscous limit problem for the Navier–Stokes equations of one-dimensional compressible viscous heat-conducting fluids. We prove that if the solution of the inviscid Euler system is piecewise smooth with a 1-shock and a 3-shock starting from the same point, there exists a family of smooth solutions to the compressible Navier–Stokes equations, which converges to the inviscid solution away from the shock discontinuities at a rate of εη, ∀η ∈ (0, 1) as the viscosity ε tends to zero, provided that the heat-conducting coefficient κ = O(ε).
‘Simple’ Oligopyridine Complexes – Sources of Unexpected Structural Diversity
Authors: Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E.
Published: February 2020

The simple formulae often presented for main-group metal complexes of oligopyridines (typically 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) hide a wide variety of polymeric solid-state structures. We present an overview of these structures and reveal a plethora of 1D chains, including ladder assemblies, and 2D networks. In most assemblies, the polymeric backbone or network is defined by the metal atoms and bridging ligands other than oligopyridines. The heterocyclic ligands typically feature as peripheral decorations, often engaging in face-to-face supramolecular π-stacking interactions which define the assembly of the crystal. In 1D coordination polymers, three types of decoration predominate which we have defined as Type 1 (all the oligopyridines on the same side and π-stacked), Type 2 (alternating arrangement of oligopyridines), and Type 3 (a pairwise alternating structure).
Forensic Treatment Services in the Czech Republic: Current State and Future Challenges
Authors: Páv Marek , Skřivánková Petra , Wiseman Chantelle , Vňuková Martina , Blatníková Šárka , Hollý Martin
Published: February 2020

In the Czech Republic, Forensic Treatment (FT) services consist of inpatient protective treatment (PT), outpatients treatment and secure detention (SD). Currently, there are 13 facilities providing inpatient PT; 386 clinics providing outpatient treatment and 2 SD. 950 patients receive inpatient and 2,300 outpatient treatment. 85 patients are currently in SD. Czech psychiatric care reform aims to separate the inpatient care from the rest of psychiatric care as well as create Protective Multidisciplinary Teams and services for minority populations. The whole system of care needs to implement risk assessment and adjust recovery management plans to indicated risks.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids produce a range of activators for heterogeneous IKs channel dysfunction
Authors: Bohannon Briana M. , Wu Xiaoan , Wu Xiongyu , Perez Marta E. , Liin Sara I. , Larsson H. Peter
Published: February 2020

Repolarization and termination of the ventricular cardiac action potential is highly dependent on the activation of the slow delayed-rectifier potassium IKs channel. Disruption of the IKs current leads to the most common form of congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS), a disease that predisposes patients to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. We previously demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) analogues increase outward K+ current in wild type and LQTS-causing mutant IKs channels. Our group has also demonstrated the necessity of a negatively charged PUFA head group for potent activation of the IKs channel through electrostatic interactions with the voltage-sensing and pore domains. Here, we test whether the efficacy of the PUFAs can be tuned by the presence of different functional groups in the PUFA head, thereby altering the electrostatic interactions of the PUFA head group with the voltage sensor or the pore. We show that PUFA analogues with taurine and cysteic head groups produced the most potent activation of IKs channels, largely by shifting the voltage dependence of activation. In comparison, the effect on voltage dependence of PUFA analogues with glycine and aspartate head groups was half that of the taurine and cysteic head groups, whereas the effect on maximal conductance was similar. Increasing the number of potentially negatively charged moieties did not enhance the effects of the PUFA on the IKs channel. Our results show that one can tune the efficacy of PUFAs on IKs channels by altering the pKa of the PUFA head group. Different PUFAs with different efficacy on IKs channels could be developed into more personalized treatments for LQTS patients with a varying degree of IKs channel dysfunction.
Extraction of Yttrium from Nd Hydroxide concentrate by using D2EHPA
Authors: Suyanti  , Amiliana R A
Published: February 2020

Extraction of yttrium from Nd hydroxide concentrate by using Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) has been performed. Nd hidroxide concentrate (Nd(OH)3) is a product of rare earth hydroxide (REOH) pilot plant in the Center for Accelerator Science and Technology, BATAN Yogyakarta, which still contains other rare earth metal elements, such as yttrium (Y). In the extraction process, the aquatic phase is Nd(OH)3 concentrate containing yttrium in HNO3 and as extractant or organic phase is D2EHPA in kerosene. The parameters studied were the concentration of HNO3, the concentration of D2EHPA in kerosene, and stirring time. The result of the optimization process from the research get the following conclusions: the optimum concentration of HNO3 is 1 M, the concentration of D2EHPA in kerosene is 30%, and the optimum stirring time is 25 minutes. In this condition the Kd of Y = 0.979; extraction efficiency of Y = 93.28%; SF Y-Pr, Y-Nd, and Y-Sm are infinite with SF Y-Gd = 6.080 and SF Y-Dy = 1.395. The results of this study are expected to be used as feed on ion exchange columns to separation and purification of other LTJ elements.
Functional test of electron beam extraction for pulse electron irradiator
Authors: Aziz Ihwanul , Siswanto Bambang
Published: February 2020

Function test of electron beam extraction for pulse electron. The functional test of pulse electron beam extraction has been performed. The purpose of the functional test is to know the magnitude of the current and the distribution of the extracted electron beam. The plasma current detection system consists of three Rogowski coils mounted on output cables of Ignitor Discharge Power Supply (IDPS), Arc Discharge Power Supply (ADPS) and Faraday Cup (FC), while the voltage and pulse width are observed using an Oscilloscope. From the measurement results obtained that the spot and plasma currents are 11,24 A and 119,65 A. At the extraction voltage of 3 kV obtained the maximum extraction current are 13,1 A and 6,7 A for the position of FC near the ignitor electrode and in the middle of the grid respectively. It can be concluded that the pulsed electron beam can be extracted by the distribution of the beam near the ignitor electrode higher than in the middle position of the grid.
Evaluation of customize syringe carriers box for transfering radionuclide iodine-131 in nuclear medicine
Authors: Praja Mukti Anggoro
Published: February 2020

Iodine-131 transfer from radiopharmacy facility to nuclear medicine radioablation isolation room must be carried out by fulfilling the safety and radiation protection rules. One effort is to use a syringe carrier. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a customize carrier syringe for the transfer of Iodine-131 in nuclear medicine. Descriptive study with cross sectional approach on the radiation level of a custom carrier box syringe both surface and 1 m distance. Radioactivity of Iodine-131 used is a multiple of 35 mCi (1,295 GBq) to the maximum radiation level limit. Radiation level measurements were performed on 6 carrier boxes. Radiation level of the ALT 01-03 boxes ⩽ 105 mCi, with Hmax = 0.002176 mSv/transfer, the maximum transfer frequency is 5 times/week, and the maximum capacity is 15 syringes/week. Whereas box AG 01-03 ⩽ 175 mCi with Hmax = 0.02397 mSv/transfer, the maximum transfer frequency is 4 times/week, and the maximum capacity is 20 syringes/week. The customize carrier were evaluated in good condition and can be used to transfer Iodine-131 by considering the maximum capacity of each box.
Neutronic analysis of DECY-13 cyclotron target system as a neutron source for SAMOP
Authors: Isdandy R F , Syarip  , Silakhuddin  , Kurnia W , Suharni
Published: February 2020

The Centre for Accelerator Science and Technology (PSTA) has developed a subcritical reactor for the molybdenum-99 (99Mo) production (SAMOP). This device requires an external neutron source. For experimental purposes, SAMOP is still driven by an external neutron source from a critical reactor, i.e. from the radial beam-port of the Kartini reactor. PSTA is also developing a 13 MeV cyclotron (DECY-13) for the production of fluorine-18 (18F) which can generate neutron as by-products. This cyclotron has an opportunity to be used as an external neutron source for the SAMOP. In this work, particle transport simulations have been carried out to determine the characteristics of the neutron produced by the DECY-13. The simulation results show that DECY-13 produces an average neutron flux of 2.6347 × 109 particles/cm2s and around 97% of them are the fast neutron. Based on the analysis, it concluded that the DECY 13 could be used as an external neutron source for the SAMOP by the addition of a neutron collimator.
Planning and concept of borehole disposal technology for disposal of disused sealed radiation sources from using in health and industry
Authors: Sucipta  , Pratama Hendra Adhi
Published: February 2020

Disused sealed radiation sources (DSRS) that have been stored in the Interim Storage 1 and 2 (IS-1 and IS-2), and High Activity Waste Storage (PSLAT) mainly consist of Co-60, Cs-137and Ra-226. The DSRS is the most suitable to be disposed of in borehole disposal after conditioned and stored. The difficulties faced on storage and disposal are reasoned by long half-life, high gamma-photon radiation, not established disposal system, expensiveness of disposal facility, difficulties on the option to re-export of the DSRS and the activity exceed for near-surface disposal. For that reason, the disposal system for DSRS must be developed with the small scale national facility having some advances as well as costly cheaper, fulfill the safety standard, and could avoid the possibility of human intrusion. The answer to this problem is the borehole disposal concept. By using this concept can be hoped that the problems of DSRS disposal can be handled well, based on DSRS capsule packaged design, site characterization, borehole technology, repository facility, and safety assessment. The selection of borehole disposal technology for DSRS has been made. The selection was made descriptively, involve technological concept and site. One concept of the borehole has been obtained and recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA,) applicable and suitable with the waste and site condition. The concept is Borehole Disposal with unsaturated, very low permeability and high sorption (e.g. clay) host-rock or environments.
Evaluation and assessment of 7 years of radioactivity monitoring data for Th232, Ra226, K40 on surface soil and the impact of the construction of mass rapid transit stations around pasar jumat nuclear area
Authors: Rixson Leons , Stefanus Megy , Fajar M
Published: February 2020

Evaluation and assessment of 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K as natural radioactivity in surface soil in Pasar Jumat Nuclear Facility (PJNA) are important and are a routine activity to monitor the impact of human activities on changes in the level of natural radioactivity in soils. The monitoring data over 7 years period (2012 – 2018) was evaluated to show the time trends, the ratio concentration, and correlation between the outside of PJNA of natural radioactivity level on surface soils. The average radioactivity trend over 7 years monitoring of 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K concentration have varied data. While the mean ratio of 40K/232Th is range from 0.732 to 2.178. The average level of radioactivity concentration at surface soil during the pre-construction, construction, and operation of the MRT project for 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K are 23.34, 21.64, 21.56 bq/kg, then 19.30, 16.73, 18.93 bq/kg, and 27.47, 26.05, 22.26 bq/kg, respectively. The evaluation result state during the MRT project that only the concentration of 232Th on before construction period has a significantly different the mean. There was no influence of MRT construction on surface soil concentration.
Analysis of TRIGA 2000 Core Reshuffling Scenario Based on Fuels Burn up and Fuels Density
Authors: Nailatussaadah  , Basuki Prasetyo , Sudjatmi K
Published: February 2020

Analysis of the TRIGA 2000 core reshuffling scenario based on fuel burn-up and fuel density has been done. One of the requirements of Bandung TRIGA 2000 Reactor reliability is the implementation of maintenance and surveillance activities with predetermined Operation and Limits Conditions (OLC) so that the safety parameters will be met. Core management is one of the maintenance activities carried out. Safety parameters that are required to be fulfilled in the core management include the shutdown margin and the power peaking factors. The scenario carried out in the core management in this analysis that was doing the core compaction by sorting the fuel position on the core based on the fuel burnup and the fuel density. Each core management method was carried out in 4 scenarios. The purpose of this analysis is of course to compare both methods and also to get the optimal scenario to be applied to the core of the existing Bandung TRIGA 2000 Reactor. From the eight proposed scenarios, obtained two scenarios that meet the requirements of shutdown margin and power peaking factor from the OLC, namely scenario 2 with the k-eff value obtained 1.01243, and scenario D with the k-eff value obtained 1.02031. Therefore, scenarios 2 and D will then be proposed as the existing Bandung TRIGA 2000 Reactor core configuration scenario.
Preliminary Study of Scandium-46 Labeled Composite (Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan-Collagen) Biodistribution in Rats Bone Implant Model
Authors: Kurniawan A , Febrian M B , Iswahyudi  , Daruwati I , Sugiharti R J , Setiadi Y , Darwis D , Abbas B , Lukitowati F , Warastuti Y
Published: February 2020

Research related to bone fractures is currently focused on accelerating healing time with fewer complications. In some cases related to biological and mechanical factors that interfere with the healing process, it will take a longer time to heal. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a promising material used as a scaffold for bone implants with various advantages. The in vivo biodistribution of Sc-46 labeled composite (HA-Chitosan-Collagen) remains unclear. In this research, Scandium-46 was prepared as a non-carrier free radioisotope solution by irradiating 100 mg Sc2O3 target in TRIGA 2000 Reactor Bandung. In vivo experiment was performed on Sprague Dawley rats weighing approximately 250 g. Rats bone implant model was divided into two groups with n = 3 per time point. The Sc-46 labeled composite (HA-Chitosan-Collagen) have implanted to rats femur 10 mg with radioactivity 10 μCi. Rats were euthanized using accepted protocol and all organs were counted for radioactivity using Wipe Test Counter with NaI(Tl) detector. The percent of radioactivity measured per gram of tissue weight (%ID/g). Biodistribution results showed that Sc-46 labeled composite (HA-Chitosan-Collagen) using the bone-implant method were significantly different compared with the normal bone for 1, 3, and 8 days of the time interval with p<0.05. These observations suggest that Composite (HA-Chitosan-Collagen) is available for bone implants and remains at the implant site until bone recovery.
An analysis of the dee voltage of DECY-13 cyclotron based on a simple model
Authors: Shali A H , Atmono T M , Saminto
Published: February 2020

The analytical solution of dee voltage of a cyclotron based on a simple model has been derived. This calculation is needed, since the measurement of dee voltage is difficult to do, because the introduction of measuring device will disturb the impedance of the system. Using such a model, the calculation of dee voltage can be done by solving two coupled and driven differential equations. The derivation is carried using Laplace transformation by neglecting the transient solution of the differential equations. The analytical solution is then compared with the solution obtained using the numerical method, specifically using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method to make sure that the solution is indeed correct. The result can therefore be used to estimate the dee voltage for a given set of parameters. In particular, it will be shown that it is possible to get a high value of dee voltage for a small driving voltage.
Synthesis and characterization of high chromium zirconiaoxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel
Authors: Silalahi M , Bandriyana B , Ahda S , Sugeng B , Dimyati A
Published: February 2020

High Chromium ODS ferritic steel dispersed by zirconia was synthesized by the Mechanical Alloying process for application as high-temperature nuclear reactor structure material. The zirconia was chosen as dispersoid to increase the oxidation resistance of the steel. The powders of Fe and Cr with composition of Fe-25 wt.% Cr and 0.5 wt.% Zr2O3 were processed by milling and isostatic compaction then continued with the sintering process for consolidation. The process of sintering was performed by the plasma-based heating using the new apparatus of APS (Arc Plasma Sintering). The sintering was processed with 40 A current and 22 minutes sintering time to result in the optimal Fe-Cr alloy formation. A microscopy technique with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to analyze the mechanism of the alloying process. The Vickers hardness measurement and the oxidation test were carried out to evaluate the mechanical and high-temperature oxidation behavior. The alloying process was considered by the Fe-Cr interdiffusion with Cr the faster one. The distribution of zirconia observed by SEM-mapping showed the homogeneity distribution in the matrix of the alloy. The Vicker hardness of 142.8 VHN was believed caused by the oxide strengthen and fining the grain. The parabolic oxidation curve obtains from the MSB oxidation test showed good oxidation resistance caused by the formation of the protective layer of Fe2O3 and some metastable of ZrO.
Study using internet of things to control radiation level
Authors: Taufiq Agus , Zanuar Subur
Published: February 2020

This Study using Internet of Things to control Radiation Level has been motivated by Trend 4.0 and the nuclear disaster in Fukushima after the unfortunate earthquake and tsunami struck Japan. We want to help radiation protection officer to measure the levels of radiation of the affected zones without compromising the life of the workers. For this reason we have created data from a Temperature sensor is collected by an Arduino board and then transmitted to a smartphone via Bluetooth. The results of experiment the stuff can send measurement data to smartphone via Bluetooth at a range of 0-10 meters. By replacing temperature sensor with a Geiger counter kit we can get radiation control device via smartphone.
Estimation of air cooling requirement for the soebali 2.0 laboratory
Authors: Sutadi  , Saefurrochman  , Nuraini E , Suprapto
Published: February 2020

To support the operational safety of Soebali 2.0 (Sophisticated electron beam accelerator launched by Indonesia version 2.0), laboratory room condition with clean and dustfree, low temperature and humidity was required, and also maintained its stability using Air Conditioner (AC). In this regard, it was conducted to estimate the calculation of air cooling loads as a reference in determining the technical specification of AC that will be installed in Soebali 2.0 laboratory. Estimation was conducted to determine the air cooling loads that arise related to the construction of the building and supporting equipment for Soebali 2.0, which generates heat as the air cooling loads. Based on the estimation result, the total cooling capacity of the air conditioning system was about 153.585 BTU/hours or 15 kW. It was used for cooling the Soebali 2.0 laboratory room with 900 m3 of volume along with the operational supporting equipment was about 20 °C and relative humidity was 50 %.
Neutronic analysis of critical assembly for moly-99 production reactor based on mixed Th-U fuels
Authors: Delphito B , Syarip
Published: February 2020

Neutronic analysis of nuclear reactor systems for 99Mo isotope production based on mixed thorium-uranium (Th-U) nitrate fuels has been done. The 99Mo isotope is a 99mTc generator which is the most widely used radioisotope in nuclear medicine. The proposed critical reactor system or critical assembly for 99Mo production or CAMOLYP is currently being studied in BATAN Yogyakarta as a continuation of the development of subcritical assembly for 99Mo production called SAMOP R&D program. The aim of this research is to obtain the optimum CAMOLYP core configurations, the core is an annular cylindrical provided by the outer ring. The method used is the calculation of the critical level of CAMOLYP for two reactor core configuration models, using the MCNPX computer code. The analysis result shows that there are various configurations of CAMOLYP core to achieve criticality condition. The best configuration of design-A is by using a Th-U nitrate density of 300 g Th-U/L or 120 g U/L, with a volume of 56.7057 L Th-U nitrate, surrounded by 38 TRIGA wt-12% in the outer ring (kef = 1.000334). While in Design-B, the best configuration is by using 24 fuel rods with a UN volume of 29.0978 L using the UN density of 300 g U/L (kef = 1.0562). The amount of 235U in the first core design is 3376.74 g, while the second design is 1724.046 g. Based on the total amount of 235U needed to achieve criticality, the author concluded that the best design for CAMOLYP is Design-B.
Tuning Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of Au-Ag Nanoalloys by Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Hidayah A N , Herbani Y
Published: February 2020

Au-Ag nanoalloys have been synthesized using the photochemical reduction method by femtosecond laser from dissolving of potassium gold (III) chloride (KAuCl4) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) added into a quartz cuvette in various volume ratios with a total volume of 3 ml. The samples were then called AuxAgy, where x and y were the volume fraction for Au and Ag ions, respectively. The samples were irradiated for 15 minutes of irradiation time and characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry to observe the absorption spectra in 300-800 nm range and determine the wavelength at which the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) peak was observed. The process occurred in a water-only medium, in water medium added with 0.01 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and in water medium added with 0.1 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The result showed that LSPR of Au-Ag nanoalloys could be tuned between ∼525 nm for Au and ∼403 nm for Ag in a water-only medium, ∼521 nm for Au and ∼412 for Ag in water medium added with 0.01 wt% PVP and ∼522 nm for Au and ∼419 nm for Ag in water medium added with 0.1 wt% PVP.
Magnetic field of DECY-13 from numerical extrapolation of the measurement result for beam trajectory simulations in central region
Authors: Kudus I A , Silakhuddin  , Anggraita P , Satriawan M
Published: February 2020

DECY-13 cyclotron is a radioisotope production cyclotron developed by PSTA. In a cyclotron, it is important to understand magnetic fields and electric field distribution for the proton beam trajectories. This paper describes the distribution of the magnetic field from the experimental measurement. Magnetic field has been converted into 3-dimensional data by extrapolation. Data validation was done by comparing the Opera3D simulation and used in simulations of the beam trajectories. Simulations were carried out by using Scilab 5.4.1 and the Runge-Kutta (RK4) approximation method. The parameters used in DECY-13 cyclotron were 40 kV Dee voltage with a radiofrequency (RF) 77.66 MHz and a fourth-harmonics type. The calculations and simulations result showed the beam could pass through the puller at the distance of the ion source with a puller was 6 mm and the optimum distance of 4 mm. The largest difference in error at z = 6 mm was 0.023 T of the average magnetic field 1.275 T. The phase acceptance in horizontal and vertical motion in the central region was about 38 Degrees from -19° to 19°. This experimental and simulation data could be used as a reference for DeCY-13 cyclotron magnetic and electric field distribution profiles.
Transfer factor as indicator of heavy metal content in plants around adipala steam power plant
Authors: Prabasiwi Devi Swasti , Sukirno  , Murniasih Sri , Rozana Kharistya
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research is to identify and characterize the main and trace metals in plant (cassava leaves and grass) and soil. Results of the characterization was used to determine the transfer factor (TF) of metal absorption from soil to plant around Adipala power plant located in Cilacap Regency. Measurement of metal concentrations were carried out using instrumental neutron activation analysis techniques. Samples were irradiated in Rabbit and Lazy Susan system facility at the Kartini research reactor located in Centre for Accelerator Science and Technology. Irradiated samples then counted using HPGe detector. Concentration values for heavy metals were below the maximum recommended value stated by WHO and FAO. Transfer factor (TF) is used to assess the concentration of metals in cassava leaves and grass taken from soil. The TF value calculated in this research were below 1, this implied that cassava leaves and grass were safe from the risk of heavy metals. The highest transfer factor value is Sb, it showed that is Sb was more mobile compare to other metals.
Real-time acquisition and correction of temperature effect in NaI(Tl) detector-based environmental gamma radiation detection device
Authors: Putu Susila I , Istofa  , Sukandar  , Santoso Budi
Published: February 2020

Environmental radiation monitoring especially around nuclear facility is needed to ensure public protection and safety. An online radiation monitoring system which continuously detects the presence of radioactive material in the environmental is important system to quickly detects uncontrolled radioactive released to the air. In this study, a radiation detection device based-on NaI(Tl) scintillation detector as part of an online radiation monitoring system has been developed and tested. During field testing, radiation count rate, and operational condition parameters which are temperature and relative humidity was collected continuously for 3 months. Data was transferred every 10 seconds with average communication delay around 0.57 second. Total number of data points is 733,725 records, and the average count rate was 653.09 cpm (σ = 81.77). Measured temperature is between 18.9 °C and 44.3 °C, while relative humidity is between 19.4 %RH and 78.6 %RH. Experimental result shows that count rate has temperature dependence. Effect of temperature to the count rate was estimated using power equation, and then the equation is used to correct the measurement data. After correction, several peaks which indicates the presence of radioactive material other than background radiation can be identified easily. In the future, further development such as radionuclide identification feature can be added to the prototype.
Processing and Refining of Tin Tailing Mining
Authors: Pusporini N D , Suyanti  , Amiliana R A , Poernomo H
Published: February 2020

Exploration and production of tin massively has an impact in the quantity of tailing production. The tailing contains various strategic metal-carrying minerals, namely monazite, xenotime, zircon and ilmenite. By the right process, these minerals can be purified into high-value metals such as rare earth elements, Zr and Ti. The research purpose is conducting a study towards processing and refining technology of tin tailing. The study was performed by analyzing the composition of Bangka tin tailing using XRF. Based on these information, flow diagram of processing and refining technology of monazite to Ce2O3, La2O3 and concentrated Nd(OH)3; xenotime to concentrated Y2O3; zircon to ZrO2; and ilmenite to TiO2 have been generated. The result showed that processing and refining of tin tailing mining contained mineral monazite, xenotime, zircon and ilmenite could be carried out. However, it is still necessary to further develop the process by giving highly attention to the economic concept.
Assessment of natural radioactivity levels in soil sample from Botteng Utara Village, Mamuju Regency Indonesia
Authors: Nurokhim  , Kusdiana  , Pudjadi Eko
Published: February 2020

High background radiation areas usually are correlated to the high concentration of primordial radionuclides activity from Uranium/Thorium series and 40K. This paper reported the natural radioactivity level in soil sample was taken from Botteng Utara village area. The activity of primordial radionuclide such as 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were investigated from the soil by gamma spectrometry. In order to evaluate the radioactivity levels of the area, Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorb dose rate (D), the annual effective dose rate (E), the external hazard index (Hex), and internal hazard index (Hin) were calculated and compared with the internationally approved value. The concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K measured by gamma spectrometry are lies in the range 268.90 to 2921.17, 993.07 to 3153.81, and 115.72 to 438.26 Bq.kg−1respectively. The average and maximum annual effective dose received by Botteng Utara resident from terrestrial gamma rays are 10.40 and 18.62 mSv y−1, which is the maximum received by resident of Tande-Tande hamlets. This present work clarify that Botteng Utara is an area with high background radiation exposure from primordial radionuclides activity.
Effect of Gd substitution on the crystal structure, magnetic susceptibility and biocompatibility of nano-sized Ca10-x
Gd
x
(PO4)6(OH)2 particles
Authors: Hariyanto Yuanita Amalia , Hartatiek  , Taufiq Ahmad
Published: February 2020

This research investigated the crystal structure, magnetic susceptibility, and biocompatibility of the nano-sized Ca10-x
Gd
x
(PO4)6(OH)2 particles for x = 0%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.50%, and 1.75%. The hydrolysis method was employed to produce the nano-sized Ca10-x
Gd
x
(PO4)6(OH)2 particles from natural calcite. The crystal structure and magnetic susceptibility of the nano-sized Ca10-x
Gd
x
(PO4)6(OH)2 particles were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and susceptibility meter, respectively. The elemental data analysis presented that the natural calcite as the main precursor contained calcium of 98.84%. Moreover, the diffraction data showed that the increase in Gd content decreased the lattice parameters and crystal volume of the nano-sized Ca10-x
Gd
x
(PO4)6(OH)2 particles. The magnetic character of the nano-sized Ca10-x
Gd
x
(PO4)6(OH)2 particles changed from diamagnetic to paramagnetic as the increase of Gd content. Interestingly, the increasing Gd content enhanced the magnetic susceptibility of the nano-sized Ca10-x
Gd
x
(PO4)6(OH)2 particles. Furthermore, the nano-sized Ca10-x
Gd
x
(PO4)6(OH)2 particles had an excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, the prepared nano-sized Ca10-x
Gd
x
(PO4)6(OH)2 particles open a potency to be applied for biomedical treatment.
Performance Analysis of Linear Quadratic Regulator Method in Microalga Growth with Control of Light Intensity
Authors: Mardlijah  , Fadhillah A , Hanafi L
Published: February 2020

Microalgae is an alternative energy source that considered capable of answering fuel oil scarcity problem. The growth of microalgae plays an important role in biomass production. One of the factors that influence the growth of microalgae is the control of light intensity so that it is necessary to adjust the intensity of the incoming light to produce maximum biomass. Control the intensity of light on the microalgae growth can be modelled in the form of differential equations and can be seen as a system. The control method chosen in this study was a linear quadratic regulator (LQR), as well as a comparison with the previous method, namely Pontryagin minimum principle (PMP). The simulation results show that at LQR an increase in the amount of biomass reaches 91.77% from initial condition. While the PMP has doubled from its initial condition.
Analysis of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) Model in Classifying factors affecting on Student the Study Period at FKIP Darussalam University of Ambon
Authors: Zurimi S , Darwin
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the applicative model that can be revealed through the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) classification Model for the problems alumni study period of the FKIP Darussalam University of Ambon. To find out the applicative model that can be revealed through the MARS classification model, parameter estimation is first performed to find the best MARS model. The best MARS model is chosen based on the minimum generalized cross validation (GCV) value.The research result indicates that the parameter estimation of MARS model using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method obtained were convergent. This is indicated by the smallest of value Mean Square Error (MSE). In addition, the application of the MARS model using the OLS method on data alumni study period of the FKIP Darussalam University of Ambon, result indicates that there is an influential base function, BF3 which contains two predictor variable, that is first semester achievement index and family economics conditions. This is caused by BF3 has a significance value tcount > ttable so the decision taken is to reject H0 which means that the BF3 basis function parameter has a significant effect on the model.
Synthetic Bioplastic Film from Rice Husk Cellulose
Authors: Hayatun A , Jannah M , Ahmad A , Taba P
Published: February 2020

Rice husk has high cellulose content so that it could be used as a basis for making bioplastic. This research aims to synthesize cellulose-based bioplastic films from rice husks. The method stages of this study were cellulose extraction, alkali treatment, bleaching, and analyzing by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Bioplastic film were synthesized using cellulose, chitosan and sorbitol with variaion in cellulose and chitosan masses to obtain bioplastic films with high mechanical strength. The obtained bioplastic films were tested mechanically by using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The result of this research showed that cellulose obtained from the extraction was 59.2%, odorless, and white powder. The best bioplastic film was at a variation of 0.8 g cellulose, 1.2 g chitosan, and 1 mL sorbitol with a tensile strength 0f 5.4147 N/mm2
Effectiveness of Brown Algae (Padina australis) Extract as Antioxidant Agent
Authors: Junopia A C , Natsir H , Dali S
Published: February 2020

The pattern of disease development has shifted from infectious diseases to degenerative diseases that are triggered by a free radical. The body needs an antioxidant that able to ward off free radicals. One of the potential natural resources is brown algae that contain bioactive compounds and widely used in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. This research aims to identify the effectiveness of brown algae (Padina australis) extract as a natural antioxidant agent. This research was carried out in several steps, including algae extraction by sonicator method, phytochemical test to identify secondary metabolites in extract and antioxidant test by using DPPH method. The results showed that the extract of brown algae (Padina australis) contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponin, and steroids. It also has antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 102,590 µg/mL.
Isolation and Characteristics of Musa troglodytarum L. Starch at Different Maturity Stage
Authors: Palijama S , Singkery M , Breemer R , Polnaya F J
Published: February 2020

This research was aimed to isolate and to characterize the chemical properties of F’ei banana (Musa troglodytarum L.) starch at different maturity stages. Chemical properties observed including moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fibre, and total sugar contents. F’ei banana with different maturity stages, i.e. first, second, and third maturity stages were applied in this research and were collected from the farmers in Naku Village, South Leitimur District. A completely randomized experimental design with three replications was applied. Results showed that the stage of maturity of the banana affected all observed variables. Moisture, fibre, and total sugar contents increased with increasing degree of maturity, whereas other variables were found to be decreased.
Community Structure of Sea Cucumber (Holothuroidea) In Pombo Island Conservation Area, Central Maluku
Authors: Samson E , Wakano D , Rahanawatty H
Published: February 2020

Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are marine animals that is highly nutritious for human consumption, commercially important, and serve a useful role in the marine ecosystem Less optimal monitoring in Pombo Island Conservation Area and the activity of catching sea cucumbers by the surrounding community, then the aim of this research is to find out community structure of sea cucumber in Pombo Island Conservation Area, Central Maluku. It is a descriptive quantitative research. The research was conducted from October 28, to November 28, 2018 by using linear quadratic transect method. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that there were 208 individuals which consists of 1 family (Holothuroidea) and 3 species (Holothuria atra, Holothuria leucospilota, Holothuria nobilis). The most observed species is Holothuria atra with a total of 111 individuals whereas the least observed species is Holothuria nobilis with a total of 42 individuals. Furthermore, Holothuria atra was the species with highest density, abundance, frequency of occurance, and important value index while the lowest is Holothuria nobilis. The diversity index value is in medium category at 1.0086, while the dominance index value is close to 0 (0.3385) or no species dominates.
Tetrachloroaluminate Ion on Graphene Quantum Dots: Towards the Design of Cathode for Aluminum-ion Battery
Authors: Mulya F. , Parasuk V.
Published: February 2020

The adsorption of tetrachloroaluminate, AlCl4
−, on Graphene Quantum Dot (GQD) were studied using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Coronene (C24H12) and circumcoronene (C54H18) were used as the model of GQDs. All possible adsorption sites which include hollow, bridge, and on-top as well as three possible standing positions of AlCl4
− were investigated. AlCl4
− can be adsorbed on the GQD surface with the adsorption energy of -2.35 to -2.83 eV for the charging condition. The adsorption energy of AlCl4
− during charging is around 10 times that during discharging. From our study, GQDs can be used as cathode material for Aluminum-ion Battery (AIB) providing higher voltage than graphite. The theoretical voltage for coronene and circumcoronene was found to be 4.3V and 4.0 V, respectively.
Nonuniqueness and mean-field criticality for percolation on nonunimodular transitive graphs
Authors: Hutchcroft Tom
Published: February 2020

We study Bernoulli bond percolation on nonunimodular quasi-transitive graphs, and more generally graphs whose automorphism group has a nonunimodular quasi-transitive subgroup. We prove that percolation on any such graph has a nonempty phase in which there are infinite light clusters, which implies the existence of a nonempty phase in which there are infinitely many infinite clusters. That is, we show that

p
c

>

p
h

≤

p
u

p_c>p_h \leq p_u

for any such graph. This answers a question of Häggström, Peres, and Schonmann (1999), and verifies the nonunimodular case of a well-known conjecture of Benjamini and Schramm (1996). We also prove that the triangle condition holds at criticality on any such graph, which implies that various critical exponents exist and take their mean-field values.

All our results apply, for example, to the product

T
k

×

Z

d

T_k\times \mathbb {Z}^d

of a

k
k

-regular tree with

Z

d

\mathbb {Z}^d

for

k
≥
3

k\geq 3

and

d
≥
1

d \geq 1

, for which these results were previously known only for large 

k
k

. Furthermore, our methods also enable us to establish the basic topological features of the phase diagram for anisotropic percolation on such products, in which tree edges and

Z

d

\mathbb {Z}^d

edges are given different retention probabilities. These features had only previously been established for

d
=
1

d=1

,

k
k

large.
Monotonicity of functionals along conformal Ricci flow
Authors: Li Fengjiang , Lu Peng , Wang Jianhong , Zheng Yu
Published: February 2020

The main purpose of this note is to construct two functionals of positive solutions to the conjugate heat equation associated to the metrics evolving by the conformal Ricci flow on closed manifolds. We show that they are nondecreasing by calculating the explicit evolution formulas of these functionals. For the entropy functional we give another proof of the monotonicity by establishing a pointwise formula. Moreover, we show that the increase is strict unless the metrics are Einstein.
Free Bertini’s theorem and applications
Authors: Volčič Jurij
Published: February 2020

The simplest version of Bertini’s irreducibility theorem states that the generic fiber of a noncomposite polynomial function is an irreducible hypersurface. The main result of this paper is its analog for a free algebra: if

f
f

is a noncommutative polynomial such that

f
−
λ

f-\lambda

factors for infinitely many scalars

λ
\lambda

, then there exist a noncommutative polynomial

h
h

and a nonconstant univariate polynomial

p
p

such that

f
=
p
∘
h

f=p\circ h

. Two applications of free Bertini’s theorem for matrix evaluations of noncommutative polynomials are given. An eigenlevel set of

f
f

is the set of all matrix tuples

X
X

where

f
(
X
)

f(X)

attains some given eigenvalue. It is shown that eigenlevel sets of

f
f

and

g
g

coincide if and only if

f
a
=
a
g

fa=ag

for some nonzero noncommutative polynomial

a
a

. The second application pertains to quasiconvexity and describes polynomials

f
f

such that the connected component of

\{X \text { tuple of symmetric n×n

matrices}\colon \lambda I\succ f(X) \} about the origin is convex for all natural

n
n

and

λ
>
0

\lambda >0

. It is shown that such a polynomial is either everywhere negative semidefinite or the composition of a univariate and a convex quadratic polynomial.
Structural matrix algebras, generalized flags, and gradings
Authors: Beşleagă F. , Dăscălescu S.
Published: February 2020

We show that a structural matrix algebra

A
A

is isomorphic to the endomorphism algebra of an algebraic-combinatorial object called a generalized flag. If the flag is equipped with a group grading, an algebra grading is induced on

A
A

. We classify the gradings obtained in this way as the orbits of the action of a double semidirect product on a certain set. Under some conditions on the associated graph, all good gradings on

A
A

are of this type. As a byproduct, we obtain a new approach to compute the automorphism group of a structural matrix algebra.
The mod 2 homology of free spectral Lie algebras
Authors: Antolín Camarena Omar
Published: February 2020

The Goodwillie derivatives of the identity functor on pointed spaces form an operad

∂
∗

(

I
d

)

\partial _\ast (\mathrm {Id})

in spectra. Adapting a definition of Behrens, we introduce mod

2
2

homology operations for algebras over this operad and prove that these operations account for all the mod

2
2

homology of free algebras on suspension spectra of simply connected spaces.
Cold Business and the Hot Take
Authors: Deloria Philip J.
Published: February 2020

David Silverman offers a critical appraisal of two prizewinning works in Native American and Indigenous studies (NAIS), Our Beloved Kin: A New History of King Philip’s War, by Lisa Brooks, and Memory Lands: King Philip’s War and the Place of Violence in the Northeast, by Christine M. DeLucia. Silverman’s review treats the methodology associated with NAIS with some skepticism, offering the opportunity for a lively discussion about the merits and perils of community-engaged history scholarship. Four scholars of Native American history, including DeLucia, respond, defending new approaches to Indigenous history represented by these recent works.