bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pt thin-film resistance thermo detectors with stable interfaces for potential integration in SiC high-temperature pressure sensors
Authors: Fang Ziyan , Wu Xiaoyu , Zhao Hu , Fang Xudong , Wu Chen , Zhang Dong , Zhang Zhongkai , Tian Bian , Zhao Libo , Li Tiefu , Verma Prateek , Maeda Ryutaro , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: September 2024

Due to the excellent mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties of third-generation semiconductor silicon carbide (SiC), pressure sensors utilizing this material might be able to operate in extreme environments with temperatures exceeding 300 °C. However, the significant output drift at elevated temperatures challenges the precision and stability of measurements. Real-time in situ temperature monitoring of the pressure sensor chip is highly important for the accurate compensation of the pressure sensor. In this study, we fabricate platinum (Pt) thin-film resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) on a SiC substrate by incorporating aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as the transition layer and utilizing aluminum nitride (AlN) grooves for alignment through microfabrication techniques. The composite layers strongly adhere to the substrate at temperatures reaching 950 °C, and the interface of the Al2O3/Pt bilayer remains stable at elevated temperatures of approximately 950 °C. This stability contributes to the excellent high-temperature electrical performance of the Pt RTD, enabling it to endure temperatures exceeding 850 °C with good linearity. These characteristics establish a basis for the future integration of Pt RTD in SiC pressure sensors. Furthermore, tests and analyses are conducted on the interfacial diffusion, surface morphological, microstructural, and electrical properties of the Pt films at various annealing temperatures. It can be inferred that the tensile stress and self-diffusion of Pt films lead to the formation of hillocks, ultimately reducing the electrical performance of the Pt thin-film RTD. To increase the upper temperature threshold, steps should be taken to prevent the agglomeration of Pt films.
Atomic Nb-doping of WS2 for high-performance synaptic transistors in neuromorphic computing
Authors: Guan Kejie , Li Yinxiao , Liu Lin , Sun Fuqin , Wang Yingyi , Zheng Zhuo , Zhou Weifan , Zhang Cheng , Cai Zhengyang , Wang Xiaowei , Feng Simin , Zhang Ting
Published: September 2024

Owing to the controllable growth and large-area synthesis for high-density integration, interest in employing atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for synaptic transistors is increasing. In particular, substitutional doping of 2D materials allows flexible modulation of material physical properties, facilitating precise control in defect engineering for eventual synaptic plasticity. In this study, to increase the switch ratio of synaptic transistors, we selectively performed experiments on WS2 and introduced niobium (Nb) atoms to serve as the channel material. The Nb atoms were substitutionally doped at the W sites, forming a uniform distribution across the entire flakes. The synaptic transistor devices exhibited an improved switch ratio of 103, 100 times larger than that of devices prepared with undoped WS2. The Nb atoms in WS2 play crucial roles in trapping and detrapping electrons. The modulation of channel conductivity achieved through the gate effectively simulates synaptic potentiation, inhibition, and repetitive learning processes. The Nb-WS2 synaptic transistor achieves 92.30% recognition accuracy on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten digit dataset after 125 training iterations. This study’s contribution extends to a pragmatic and accessible atomic doping methodology, elucidating the strategies underlying doping techniques for channel materials in synaptic transistors.
Psychological distress in the neonatal intensive care unit: a meta-review
Authors: van Wyk Lizelle , Majiza Athenkosi P. , Ely Cordelia S. E. , Singer Lynn T.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Parental psychological distress (PD) (anxiety, depression, stress and post-traumatic stress syndrome) can adversely affect parents’ own physical and mental health as well as their children’s long-term health and development. Numerous studies have addressed PD in mothers of infants admitted to NICU, with interventions proposed, but few have addressed the impact on fathers or other family members. The present review examined systematic reviews that addressed PD in NICU and potential interventions.

Methods

A meta-review was performed by searching various databases between 2000 and May 2024.

Results

Fifty-four studies were included. The incidence of maternal PD varied depending on the screening tool used (13–93%), as did paternal PD (0.08–46%). The incidence of PD in sexual, racial and gender minorities, siblings, grandparents and those in lower-middle income countries is not known. Numerous screening tools were used with a wide variety of cut-off values. Various intervention programmes were evaluated and showed contradictory evidence regarding their effect on PD.

Discussion

Routine screening should be implemented together with a combination of interventional programmes, specifically family-centred interventions. More research is required for PD in siblings, sexual and gender minority parents as well as parents living in low middle income countries.

Impact statement

Psychological distress is high in NICU, affecting parents and siblings.

Maternal psychological distress may have long lasting effects on infant health and differs from that of fathers, who require as much attention as mothers

Little is known about emotional stress in siblings and sex and gender minority group peoples

Few interventions showed conclusive effectiveness in reducing psychological distress with combination interventions showing more effectiveness than single interventions
NF-κB regulated expression of A20 controls IKK dependent repression of RIPK1 induced cell death in activated T cells
Authors: Layzell Scott , Barbarulo Alessandro , van Loo Geert , Beyaert Rudi , Seddon Benedict
Published: September 2024

IKK signalling is essential for survival of thymocytes by repressing RIPK1 induced cell death rather than its canonical function of activating NF-κB. The role of IKK signalling in activated T cells is unclear. To investigate this, we analysed activation of IKK2 deficient T cells. While TCR triggering was normal, proliferation and expansion was profoundly impaired. This was not due to defective cell cycle progression, rather dividing T cells became sensitised to TNF induced cell death, since inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity rescued cell survival. Gene expression analysis of activated IKK2 deficient T cells revealed defective expression of Tnfaip3, that encodes A20, a negative regulator of NF-κB. To test whether A20 expression was required to protect IKK2 deficient T cells from cell death, we generated mice with T cells lacking both A20 and IKK2. Doing this resulted in near complete loss of peripheral T cells, in contrast to mice lacking one or other gene. Strikingly, this phenotype was completely reversed by inactivation of RIPK1 kinase activity in vivo. Together, our data show that IKK signalling in activated T cells protects against RIPK1 dependent death, both by direct phosphorylation of RIPK1 and through NF-κB mediated induction of A20, that we identify for the first time as a key modulator of RIPK1 activity in T cells.
Long-term oxygen therapy in precapillary pulmonary hypertension – SOPHA study
Authors: Benjamin Nicola , Echampati Ishan , Harutyunova Satenik , Eichstaedt Christina Alessandra , Egenlauf Benjamin , Ulrich Silvia , Grünig Ekkehard , Xanthouli Panagiota
Published: September 2024

Current guidelines recommend oxygen (O2) supplementation in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), despite scarce data on long-term O2 therapy (LTOT). The aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled trial was to investigate the effect of LTOT in patients with precapillary PH on exercise capacity, clinical parameters and hemodynamics. Patients with precapillary PH under stable therapy and O2 desaturations at rest and/or during exercise were randomized to receive LTOT (≥ 16 h/day) or no O2 (control group) for 12 weeks. The control group was offered LTOT after 12 weeks. The primary endpoint changes of 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) from baseline to 12 weeks was hierarchically tested: (1) pre-post primary and secondary intervention (2) intervention vs. control group. Secondary endpoints included changes in clinical parameters. Twenty patients were randomized (women n = 14, age 67 ± 11.4 years, mean pulmonary arterial pressure 39.7 ± 12.5 mmHg, 70% functional class III). 6MWD significantly improved by 42.2 ± 34.20 m (p = 0.003) within 12 weeks LTOT. The intervention group significantly improved in 6MWD (38.9 ± 33.87 m) compared to the control group (− 12.3 ± 21.83 m, p = 0.015). No consistent between-group differences in other parameters were found. LTOT was well tolerated and led to significant improvement of 6MWD. The effect of LTOT should be investigated in larger controlled-trials.
Deep residual 2D convolutional neural network for cardiovascular disease classification
Authors: Elyamani Haneen A. , Salem Mohammed A. , Melgani Farid , Yhiea N. M.
Published: September 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a major global health concern, underscoring the need for advancements in medical care. The use of electrocardiograms (ECGs) is crucial for diagnosing cardiac conditions. However, the reliance on professional expertise for manual ECG interpretation poses challenges for expanding accessible healthcare, particularly in community hospitals. To address this, there is a growing interest in leveraging automated and AI-driven ECG analysis systems, which can enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, making quality cardiac care more accessible to a broader population. In this study, we implemented a novel deep two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) on a dataset of PTB-XL for cardiac disorder detection. The studies were performed on 2, 5, and 23 classes of cardiovascular diseases. The our network in classifying healthy/sick patients achived an AUC of 95% and an average accuracy of 87.85%. In 5-classes classification, our model achieved an AUC of 93.46% with an average accuracy of 89.87%. In a more complex scenario involving classification into 23 different classes, the model achieved an AUC of 92.18% and an accuracy of 96.88%. According to the experimental results, our model obtained the best classification result compared to the other methods based on the same public dataset. This indicates that our method can aid healthcare professionals in the clinical analysis of ECGs, offering valuable assistance in diagnosing CVD and contributing to the advancement of computer-aided diagnosis technology.
Storing liquid chromatographic separations on surface energy traps: decoupling the LC and the mass spectrometer
Authors: Salomons Timothy T. , Simon David , Oleschuk Richard
Published: September 2024

A micro-fractionation device to archive liquid chromatographic separations on an array of surface energy traps.
Advances in stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Ma Xuebin , Sekhar Kanaparedu P. C. , Zhang Peiyu , Cui Jiwei
Published: September 2024

The development of new multi-responsive injectable hydrogels with cascades or even synergistic effects will be of great significance in the field of precision medicine.
Rethinking polyiodides: the role of electron-deficient multicenter bonds
Authors: Savastano Matteo , Osman Hussien H. , Vegas Ángel , Manjón Francisco Javier
Published: September 2024

We summarize progresses in understanding the nature of bonding in polyiodides, showing the need of including electron-deficient multicenter bonds in their description. A revision of Lewis dot formulas allows to simply depict and rethink the matter.
Perylene diimide–hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole–based new class of radical anions/dianions: biochemical assay for glucose detection
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Sharma Poonam , Liu Siyu , Kumar Kapil , Chen Junsheng , Singh Prabhpreet
Published: September 2024

Perylene diimide–hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole based radical anions and dianions in 20% HEPES buffer–DMSO solution for the detection of H2O2, glucose and for the reduction of Ag+ to Ag are reported.
Unraveling energy transfer and fluorescence quenching dynamics in biomolecular complexes: a comprehensive study of imiquimod–rifampicin interaction
Authors: Sharma Sudhanshu , Takkella Dineshbabu , Srivastava Abhinav , Czub Jacek , Sappati Subrahmanyam , Gavvala Krishna
Published: September 2024

A comprehensive exploration of various excitation and deactivation pathways, with particular emphasis on the energy transfer process.
Singlet and triplet excited states of a series of BODIPY dyes as calculated by TDDFT and DLPNO-STEOM-CCSD methods
Authors: Sbai Aoussaj , Guthmuller Julien
Published: September 2024

Charge transfer excited states are significantly stabilized in BODIPY dyes.
Understanding the structure–activity relationship of additives for durable Zn metal batteries: a case study of aromatic molecules
Authors: Cai Da-Qian , Cheng Haiyang , Yang Jin-Lin , Liu Huan , Xiao Tao , Liu Xin , Chen Minghua , Fan Hong Jin
Published: September 2024

The Zn/electrolyte interface with parallelly adsorbed Pym molecules can efficiently suppress corrosion and HER and simultaneously accelerate Zn redox kinetics by inducing zincophilicity.
A fluorite-structured HfO2/ZrO2/HfO2 superlattice based self-rectifying ferroelectric tunnel junction synapse
Authors: Lee Dong Hyun , Kim Ji Eun , Cho Yong Hyeon , Kim Sojin , Park Geun Hyeong , Choi Hyojun , Lee Sun Young , Kwon Taegyu , Kim Da Hyun , Jeong Moonseek , Jeong Hyun Woo , Lee Younghwan , Lee Seung-Yong , Yoon Jung Ho , Park Min Hyuk
Published: September 2024

A self-rectifying ferroelectric tunnel junction that employs a HfO2/ZrO2/HfO2 superlattice (HZH SL) combined with Al2O3 and TiO2 layers is proposed.
Synthesis, structure and spectroelectrochemistry of hybrid metal(iv)phthalocyaninato-capped 3d-metal pyrazoloximates as prospective precursors of stimuli-induced (responsive) single-molecule magnets, logic gates and qubits
Authors: Belova Svetlana A. , Dudkin Semyon V. , Belov Alexander S. , Danshina Anastasia A. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Budnikova Yulia H. , Khrizanforova Vera V. , Bratskaya Svetlana Yu. , Balatskiy Denis V. , Voloshin Yan Z.
Published: September 2024

Hybrid binuclear complexes and their ZrIVMIIIMIIMIIZrIV-pentanuclear analogs were prepared using the template reactions of 3-acetylpyrazoloxime with metal(iv) phthalocyaninate on the metal ion as a matrix.
Spin crossover behaviour of asymmetrical iron(iii) Schiff base complexes from ethylenediamine
Authors: Tesfaye Dawit , Gebrezgiabher Mamo , Braun Jonas , Sani Taju , Gismelseed Abbasher , Hochdörffer Tim , Schünemann Volker , Kuchár Juraj , Černák Juraj , Anson Christopher E. , Thomas Madhu , Powell Annie K.
Published: September 2024

Asymmetrical Fe(iii) Schiff base complexes, with N4O2 coordination nature, exhibiting abrupt spin crossover with a wide hysteresis loop of 27 K, were synthesised and characterised by SCXRD, SQUID magnetic measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Realizing efficient broadband near-infrared emission under blue light excitation in Sb3+-doped zero-dimensional organic tin(iv)-based metal halides via coordination structure modulation
Authors: Ke Bao , Peng Hui , Yang Yongqi , Yang Chengzhi , Yao Shangfei , Bukhtiar Arfan , Wei Qilin , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo
Published: September 2024

Here, we report a new NIR emitter of Sb3+-doped tin(iv)-based metal halides via coordination structure modulation, which can exhibit bright broadband NIR emission under blue light excitation with a PLQY of 33.2%.
Copper-doped Bi2MoO6 with concurrent oxygen vacancies for enhanced CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Liu Xin , Dai Chunhui , Zeng Chao , Ali Sajjad , Bououdina Mohamed , Jia Yushuai
Published: September 2024

Bi2MoO6 catalysts doped by monovalence Cu with self-adapting O vacancies (Ov) are prepared. The optimal Bi2MoO6–10% Cu exhibits an outstanding CO evolution rate of 11.40 μmol g−1 h−1, about 6 times higher than that of Bi2MoO6 (1.94 μmol g−1 h−1).
Design of DyIII single-molecule magnets with molecularly installed luminescent thermometers based on bridging [PtII(CN)2(C^N)]− complexes
Authors: Bonarek Pawel J. , Zychowicz Mikolaj , Rzepiela Jan , Liberka Michal , Baś Sebastian , Zakrzewski Jakub J. , Chorazy Szymon
Published: September 2024

Dysprosium(iii) single-molecule magnets are bridged within a coordination polymer by Pt(ii)-cyanido metalloligands serving as their temperature sensors.
Bio-based palladium catalyst in cryogel for cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Tomarchio Elisabetta Grazia , Zagni Chiara , Paratore Vincenzo , Condorelli Guglielmo Guido , Carroccio Sabrina Carola , Rescifina Antonio
Published: September 2024

A phenylalanine-based palladium catalyst was developed for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction, preventing palladium leaching. It demonstrated high yield (up to 99%) in aqueous media and can be reused up to seven times, making it scalable for industrial use.
Cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective reductive addition of ketimine with cyclopropyl chloride to construct chiral amino esters bearing cyclopropyl fragments
Authors: Hu Jiangtao , Xia Tingting , Wu Xianqing , Feng Hongrui , Qu Jingping , Chen Yifeng
Published: September 2024

Co-catalyzed asymmetric reductive addition of ketimine with cyclopropyl chloride has been realized to access diverse chiral amino esters bearing cyclopropyl fragments with broad functional group tolerance and excellent enantioselectivities.
Growing bimetallic CoNi-MOF derivatives between MXene layers with hierarchically coral-like interfaces for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Zheng Jiajia , Xu Chenhui , Li Zhihui , Gu Cheng , Li Xiping , Li Zhaochun , Li Yancheng , Lou Gang , Chen Yiming
Published: September 2024

High-performance MXene-based composites exhibit superior electromagnetic wave absorption capability, owing to the hierarchically coral-like architecture constructed by MXene and bimetallic CoNi-MOFs.
Investigating the effect of Fe–N5 configuration in the oxygen reduction reaction using N-heterocycle functionalized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Qi , Zhao Qi , Pedersen Angus , Zhang Mi , Lin Zhipeng , Xu Yue , Cullen Patrick L. , Sapelkin Andrei , Di Tommaso Devis , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Jones Christopher R.
Published: September 2024

The ORR catalytic performance of penta-coordinated FePc/N-CNTs was significantly influenced by the local surface structure surrounding the axial ligand on the functionalized CNTs.
The tuned Schottky barrier of a CoP co-catalyst via the bridge of ohmic contact from molybdenum metal for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Sun Ying-jie , Liu Xue-ting , Zhao Xin-jie , Wang Xiao-jing , Zhao Jun , Li Yu-pei , Mu Hui-ying , Li Fa-tang
Published: September 2024

The Schottky barrier between CoP and g-C3N4 is tuned via nanometallic Mo with a low work function.
Near-infrared activated liposomes for neuroprotection in glaucoma
Authors: Matuwana Dorcas , Hong Eunji , Huang Sizhe , Xu Xinxin , Jang Geunho , Xiao Ruobai , Rao Siyuan , Wang Qianbin
Published: September 2024

Gold nanorods-encapsulated liposomes enabled the on-demand release of melatonin in mouse glaucoma models.
A smart adaptable metal sequestering peptide conjugate to modulate Aβ fibrillar aggregation
Authors: Mondal Tanmay , Kalita Sujan , Dutta Rinku , Mandal Bhubaneswar
Published: September 2024

The Fe3+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ associated amyloid β peptide (Aβ) aggregation is accountable for cellular toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, a taurine-containing adaptable metal-sequestering peptide (AMSP) is developed to modulate such aggregation.
Towards photoelectrochromic modulation of NIR absorption in plasmonic ITO using pentacene films
Authors: Maho Anthony , Kim Dong Kuk , Wade Jessica , Bryan Emma , Henrard Luc , Olivier Yoann , Dimitrov Stoichko D. , Cloots Rudi , Heutz Sandrine
Published: September 2024

Pentacene molecules are deposited onto plasmonic ITO nanocrystals as hybrid organic–inorganic bilayers, holding promise as prospective NIR-modulating electrochromic systems being self-powered by VIS-light-driven photocharging.
Additive-assisted molecular aggregation manipulation towards efficient thick organic solar cells
Authors: Yi Xueting , Liu Zekun , Zhao Mengan , Huang Minghui , Wu Jiang , Fu Yingying , Xie Zhiyuan
Published: September 2024

The additive 1-phenylnaphthalene (PN) with large steric hindrance is used to promote J-aggregation of N3 molecules, which is conductive to broadening absorption spectra and improving charge transport for high-performance thick OSCs.
Phase separation and viral factories: unveiling the physical processes supporting RNA packaging in dsRNA viruses
Authors: Haller Cyril J. , Acker Julia , Arguello A. Emilia , Borodavka Alexander
Published: September 2024

Understanding of the physicochemical properties and functions of biomolecular condensates has rapidly advanced over the past decade. More recently, many RNA viruses have been shown to form cytoplasmic replication factories, or viroplasms, via phase separation of their components, akin to numerous cellular membraneless organelles. Notably, diverse viruses from the Reoviridae family containing 10–12 segmented double-stranded RNA genomes induce the formation of viroplasms in infected cells. Little is known about the inner workings of these membraneless cytoplasmic inclusions and how they may support stoichiometric RNA assembly in viruses with segmented RNA genomes, raising questions about the roles of phase separation in coordinating viral genome packaging. Here, we discuss how the molecular composition of viroplasms determines their properties, highlighting the interplay between RNA structure, RNA remodelling, and condensate self-organisation. Advancements in RNA structural probing and theoretical modelling of condensates can reveal the mechanisms through which these ribonucleoprotein complexes support the selective enrichment and stoichiometric assembly of distinct viral RNAs.
The [O I] fine structure line profiles in Mon R2 and M17 SW: The puzzling nature of cold foreground material identified by [12C II] self-absorption
Authors: Guevara C. , Stutzki J. , Ossenkopf-Okada V. , Graf U. , Okada Y. , Schneider N. , Goldsmith P. F. , Pérez-Beaupuits J. P. , Kabanovic S. , Mertens M. , Rothbart N. , Güsten R.
Published: September 2024

Context. Recent studies of the optical depth comparing [12C II] and [13C II] line profiles in Galactic star-forming regions have revealed strong self-absorption in [12C II] by low excitation foreground material. This implies a high column density for C+, corresponding to equivalent AV values of a few (up to about 10) mag.

Aims. As the nature and origin of such a great column of cold C+ foreground gas are difficult to determine, it is essential to constrain the physical conditions of this material.

Methods. We conducted high-resolution observations of [O I] 63 μm and [O I] 145 μm lines in M17 SW and Mon R2. The [O I] 145 μm transition traces warm PDR-material, while the [O I] 63 μm line traces the foreground material, as manifested by the absorption dips.

Results. A comparison of both [O I] line profiles with [C II] isotopic lines confirm warm PDR-origin background emission and a significant column of cold foreground material, causing the self-absorption to be visible in the [12C II] and [O I] 63 μm profiles. In M17 SW, the C+ and O0 column densities are comparable for both layers. Mon R2 exhibits larger O0 columns compared to C+, indicating additional material where the carbon is neutral or in molecular form. Small-scale spatial variations in the foreground absorption profiles and the large column density (~1018 cm−2) of the foreground material suggest the emission is coming from high-density regions associated with the cloud complex – and not a uniform diffuse foreground cloud.

Conclusions. The analysis confirms that the previously detected intense [C II] foreground absorption is attributable to a large column of low-excitation dense atomic material, where carbon is ionized and oxygen is in a neutral atomic form.
CLOUDY modeling suggests a diversity of ionization mechanisms for diffuse extraplanar gas
Authors: Rautio R. P. V. , Salo H. , Watkins A. E. , Comerón S. , Venhola A.
Published: September 2024

Context. The ionization of diffuse gas located far above the energetic midplane OB stars poses a challenge to the commonly accepted notion that radiation from OB stars is the primary ionization source for gas in galaxies.

Aims. We investigated the sources of ionizing radiation, specifically leaking midplane H II regions and/or in situ hot low-mass evolved stars (HOLMES), in extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) in a sample of eight nearby (17−52 Mpc) edge-on disk galaxies observed with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE).

Methods. We constructed a model for the photoionization of eDIG clouds and the propagation of ionizing radiation through the eDIG using subsequent runs of CLOUDY photoionization code. Our model includes radiation originating both from midplane OB stars and in situ evolved stars and its dilution and processing as it propagates in the eDIG.

Results. We fit the model to the data using the vertical line ratio profiles of our sample galaxies, and find that while the ionization by in situ evolved stars is insignificant for most of the galaxies in our sample, it may be able to explain the enhanced high-ionization lines in the eDIG of the green valley galaxy ESO 544−27.

Conclusions. Our results show that while leaking radiation from midplane H II regions is the primary ionization source for eDIG, in situ evolved stars can play a significant part in ionizing extraplanar gas in galaxies with low star forming rates.
Analysis of the Gaia Data Release 3 parallax bias in the Galactic plane
Authors: Ding Ye , Liao Shilong , Wu Qiqi , Qi Zhaoxiang , Tang Zhenghong
Published: September 2024

Context. Systematic errors are inevitable in Gaia published astrometric data. A global recipe has been proposed to correct for the GEDR3 parallax zero-point offset, but this does not take the Galactic plane into consideration. The applicability of their correction model to the Galactic plane remains uncertain.

Aims. We attempt to carry out an independent investigation into the sample dependence of the proposed correction, and its applicability to the Galactic plane.

Methods. We collected various samples, including quasars, binaries, and sources with parallaxes from other surveys or methods, to validate the proposed correction, especially in the Galactic plane.

Results. We conclude that the proposed correction exhibits sample dependence, and does not apply effectively to the Galactic plane. We present a new parallax bias correction for application to the Galactic plane, offering improvements over the previous correction. The correction difference between L21 and this work can be as high as 10 µas within certain ranges of magnitude and colour. This work provides an additional recipe for users of Gaia parallaxes, especially for sources located near the Galactic plane.
COMAP Pathfinder – Season 2 results
Authors: Stutzer N.-O. , Lunde J. G. S. , Breysse P. C. , Chung D. T. , Cleary K. A. , Dunne D. A. , Eriksen H. K. , Ihle H. T. , Padmanabhan H. , Tolgay D. , Wehus I. K. , Bond J. R. , Church S. E. , Gaier T. , Gundersen J. O. , Harris A. I. , Harper S. E. , Hobbs R. , Kim J. , Lamb J. W. , Lawrence C. R. , Murray N. , Pearson T. J. , Philip L. , Readhead A. C. S. , Rennie T. J. , Woody D. P.
Published: September 2024

We present updated constraints on the cosmological 3D power spectrum of carbon monoxide CO(1–0) emission in the redshift range 2.4–3.4. The constraints are derived from the two first seasons of Carbon monOxide Mapping Array Project (COMAP) Pathfinder line intensity mapping observations aiming to trace star formation during the epoch of galaxy assembly. These results improve on the previous Early Science results through both increased data volume and an improved data processing methodology. On the methodological side, we now perform cross-correlations between groups of detectors (“feed groups”), as opposed to cross-correlations between single feeds, and this new feed group pseudo power spectrum (FGPXS) is constructed to be more robust against systematic effects. In terms of data volume, the effective mapping speed is significantly increased due to an improved observational strategy as well as a better data selection methodology. The updated spherically and field-averaged FGPXS,C~(k), is consistent with zero, at a probability-to-exceed of around 34%, with an excess of 2.7σin the most sensitive bin. Our power spectrum estimate is about an order of magnitude more sensitive in our six deepest bins across 0.09 Mpc−1<k< 0.73 Mpc−1, compared to the feed-feed pseudo power spectrum (FPXS) of COMAP ES. Each of these bins individually constrains the CO power spectrum tok PCO(k) < 2400–4900 μK2Mpc2at 95% confidence. To monitor potential contamination from residual systematic effects, we analyzed a set of 312 difference-map null tests and found that these are consistent with the instrumental noise prediction. In sum, these results provide the strongest direct constraints on the cosmological 3D CO(1–0) power spectrum published to date.
The complex effect of gas cooling and turbulence on AGN-driven outflow properties
Authors: Zubovas K. , Tartėnas M. , Bourne M. A.
Published: September 2024

Context. Accretion onto supermassive black holes at close to the Eddington rate is expected to drive powerful winds, which have the potential to majorly influence the properties of the host galaxy. Theoretical models of such winds can simultaneously explain observational correlations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies, such as the M − σ relation, and the powerful multi-phase outflows that are observed in a number of active galaxies. Analytic models developed to understand these processes usually assume simple galaxy properties, namely spherical symmetry and a smooth gas distribution with an adiabatic equation of state. However, the interstellar medium in real galaxies is clumpy and cooling is important, complicating the analysis.

Aims. We wish to determine how gas turbulence, uneven density distribution, and cooling influence the development of active galactic nucleus (AGN) wind-driven outflows and their global properties on kiloparsec scales.

Methods. We calculated a suite of idealised hydrodynamical simulations of AGN outflows designed to isolate the effects of turbulence and cooling, both separately and in combination. All simulations initially consisted of a 1 kpc gas shell with an AGN in the centre. We measured the main outflow parameters – the velocity, the mass outflow rate (Ṁout), and the momentum (ṗoutc/LAGN) and energy (Ėout/LAGN) loading factors – as the system evolves over 1.2 Myr and estimated plausible observationally derived values.

Results. We find that adiabatic simulations approximately reproduce the analytical estimates of outflow properties independently of the presence or absence of turbulence and clumpiness. Cooling, on the other hand, has a significant effect, reducing the outflow energy rate by one to two orders of magnitude in the smooth simulations and by up to one order of magnitude in the turbulent ones. The interplay between cooling and turbulence depends on AGN luminosity: in Eddington-limited AGN, turbulence enhances the coupling between the AGN wind and the gas, while in lower-luminosity simulations, the opposite is true. This mainly occurs because dense gas clumps are resilient to low-luminosity AGN feedback but get driven away by high-luminosity AGN feedback. The overall properties of multi-phase outflowing gas in our simulations qualitatively agree with observations of multi-phase outflows, although there are some quantitative differences. We also find that using ‘observable’ outflow properties leads to their parameters being underestimated by a factor of a few compared with real values.

Conclusions. We conclude that the AGN wind-driven outflow model is capable of reproducing realistic outflow properties in close-to-realistic galaxy setups and that the M − σ relation can be established without efficient cooling of the shocked AGN wind. Furthermore, we suggest ways to improve large-scale numerical simulations by accounting for the effects of AGN wind.
Undersampling effects on observed periods of coronal oscillations
Authors: Lim Daye , Van Doorsselaere Tom , Nakariakov Valery M. , Kolotkov Dmitrii Y. , Gao Yuhang , Berghmans David
Published: September 2024

Context. Recent observations of decayless transverse oscillations have revealed two branches in the relationship between period and loop length. One is a linear relationship, interpreted as a standing mode, while the other shows almost no correlation and has not yet been interpreted conclusively.

Aims. We investigated the undersampling effect on observed periods of decayless oscillations.

Methods. We considered oscillating coronal loops that closely follow the observed loop length distribution. Assuming that all oscillations are standing waves, we modelled a signal that represents decayless oscillations where the period is proportional to the loop length and the amplitude and phase are randomly drawn. We generated a downsampled signal from the original signal by considering different sample rates that mimic temporal cadences of telescopes, and analysed the periods for sampled signals using the fast Fourier transform.

Results. When the sampling cadence approaches the actual oscillation period, there is a greater tendency to overestimate the periods in short loops. We find the same two branches in the relationship between loop length and period of the sampled signals as those seen in the observations.

Conclusions. We find that long periods of decayless oscillations occurring in short loops could be the result of undersampling.
Old massive clusters (and a nuclear star cluster?) in the tidal tails of NGC 5238
Authors: Bellazzini M. , Annibali F. , Correnti M. , Gatto M. , Marinelli M. , Pascale R. , Sacchi E. , Tosi M. , Cignoni M. , Cannon J. M. , Schisgal L. , Bortolini G. , Aloisi A. , Beccari G. , Nipoti C.
Published: September 2024

New, deep HST photometry allowed us to identify and study eight compact and bright (MV ≤ −5.8) star clusters in the outskirts of the star-forming isolated dwarf galaxy NGC 5238 (M* ≃ 108 M⊙). Five of these clusters are new discoveries, and six appear projected onto and/or aligned with the tidal tails recently discovered around this galaxy. The clusters are partially resolved into stars, and their colour magnitude diagrams reveal a well-developed red giant branch, implying ages older than 1–2 Gyr. Their integrated luminosity and structural parameters are typical of classical globular clusters, and one of them, with MV = −10.56 ± 0.07, is as bright as ω Cen, the brightest globular cluster in the Milky Way. Since the properties of this cluster are in the range spanned by those of nuclear star clusters we suggest that it may be the nuclear remnant of the disrupted satellite of NGC 5238 that produced the observed tidal tails.
Mean field error estimate of the random batch method for large interacting particle system
Authors: Huang Zhenyu , Jin Shi , Li Lei
Published: September 2024

The random batch method (RBM) proposed in Jin et al. [J. Comput. Phys. 400 (2020) 108877] for large interacting particle systems is an efficient with linear complexity in particle numbers and highly scalable algorithm for N-particle interacting systems and their mean-field limits when N is large. We consider in this work the quantitative error estimate of RBM toward its mean-field limit, the Fokker–Planck equation. Under mild assumptions, we obtain a uniform-in-time O(τ2 + 1/N) bound on the scaled relative entropy between the joint law of the random batch particles and the tensorized law at the mean-field limit, where τ is the time step size and N is the number of particles. Therefore, we improve the existing rate in discretization step size from O(√τ) to O(τ) in terms of the Wasserstein distance.
Heterocyclic Surgery for Isotopic Labeling
Authors: Smith Joel M.
Published: September 2024

Recent developments in the isotopic labeling of heteroarenes may prove to be useful in the realms of biomedical science, materials chemistry, and fundamental organic chemistry. The use of the age-old Zincke reaction, or tactical variants thereof, has become particularly utilitarian in effecting single-atom nitrogen replacement in various azines to generate their desired isotopologues. This chemistry can be synthetically leveraged at an early stage for diversity-oriented heterocyclic labeling of pharmaceuticals and/or natural products. Additionally, given the prevalence of saturated azacycles in biologically relevant molecules, access to these isotopologues becomes relevant through dearomative retrosynthetic analysis from the corresponding 15N-labeled heteroarenes.

1 Introduction

2 Our Lab’s Development of the 15NRORC Reaction

3 Other Recent Azine-Labeling Methods

4 Expanded ANRORC Utilization

5 Conclusion and Outlook
Exploring the Interplay: Oral–Gut Microbiome Connection and the Impact of Diet and Nutrition
Authors: Parveen Sameena , Alqahtani Ahmed Shaher , Aljabri Mohammed Y. , Dawood Tazeen , Khan Samar Saeed , Gupta Bharti , Vempalli Swetha , Hassan Ali Abdel-Halim Abdel-Azim , Elamin Nahid Mahmoud Hassan
Published: September 2024

The intricate interplay between the oral and intestinal microbiota holds increasing fascination within the context of health and nutrition. Serving as the gateway to the gastrointestinal tract, the oral microbiota hosts a diverse array of microbial species that significantly influence well-being or contribute to various diseases. Dysbiosis in the oral microbiota has been linked to conditions such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, and systemic disorders, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and colorectal cancer. This review aims to comprehend the nuanced relationship between oral and intestinal microbiotas, exploring the pivotal role of diet in developing strategies for wellness promotion and disease prevention. Drawing insights from a myriad of studies encompassing both animals and humans, we examine the implications of microbial dysbiosis and its impact on health. A bibliographic search of 78 scientific articles was conducted across PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Saudi digital library from January 2000 to August 2023. Following a rigorous screening process, the full texts of selected articles were critically reviewed to extract relevant information. Articles not meeting the inclusion criteria—specifically focused on oral–intestinal microbiota interaction and diet and nutrition—were meticulously excluded. Diet emerges as a key player in influencing both oral and intestinal microbiotas. Various dietary components, such as fiber, prebiotics, probiotics, and bioactive compounds, have demonstrated significant effects on the diversity and function of microorganisms in these ecosystems. Conversely, diets high in processed foods, added sugars, and saturated fats correlate with dysbiosis and an elevated risk of oral and gastrointestinal diseases. Understanding the intricacies of this interaction is paramount for the development of innovative approaches fostering a balanced oral–gut microbiota axis and improving overall human health. The implications extend to preventive and therapeutic interventions, emphasizing the practical importance of unraveling these complexities for public health and clinical practice. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between gut and oral microbiota, shedding light on their roles in various diseases, particularly focusing on oral diseases. Key findings are summarized, and implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. In conclusion, the review underscores the urgent need for special attention to key microbiota in developing targeted interventions for promoting oral and gut health.
Optimization of Image Quality in Pelvis Lymphoscintigraphy SPECT/CT Using Discovery NM/CT 670
Authors: Ghaneh Maryam , Nasseri Shahrokh , Sadeghi Ramin , Zakavi Seyed Rasoul , Vosoughi Habibeh , Mommennezhad Mehdi
Published: September 2024

Aim A lymphoscintigraphy is a crucial diagnostic tool for visualizing lymph nodes. This scan plays a significant role in determining the treatment and recovery plan for the patients. Due to the small lymph node size, obtaining high-quality images is important to prevent inaccurate results. We aimed to identify the most effective method for enhancing image quality through postprocessing techniques and altering the image reconstruction process.

Methods Two data sets were utilized in this study. First, National Electrical Manufacturers Association body phantom was filled with [99mTc]Tc-pertechnetate and prepared with and without any activity in the background of the body. Second, the images of 50 patients who underwent single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging received [99mTc]Tc-phytate were collected. Discovery 670 GE gamma camera was used for imaging. Preprocessing of all images was performed by Xeleris and 3DSlicer 5.2.2 software was used for quantification. The effect of image reconstruction parameters such as resolution recovery (RR) algorithm, iteration, subsets, cutoff, and power in Butterworth filter, and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Gaussian filter was assessed. The image quality index was determined based on contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), contrast, and coefficient of variation.

Results The utilization of the RR algorithm showed notable improvements equal to 74, 35, and 38% of CNR, contrast, and noise reduction, respectively. Significant differences were observed in subiteration of 40 to 112 (p-value < 0.05). The alteration of effective parameters in both smoothing filters yielded statistically significant results, leading to enhanced detectability, reduced noise, and improved contrast simultaneously. Optimum results in terms of noise reduction and CNR were achieved with subiteration (i × s) 4 × 12 using a Gaussian filter with FWHM of 4 or Butterworth filter with power of 10 and cutoff of 1. The highest contrast was observed at subiteration 40 using the Butterworth filter with cutoff of 0.5 and power of 5 or Gaussian filter with 2 mm FWHM. Qualitative analysis by two nuclear medicine specialists validated the quantified image quality.

Conclusion The reconstruction setting involving subiteration 48 with the Butterworth filter using cutoff of 1 and power of 10 or 4 mm FWHM of Gaussian filter produced the highest quality images.
Placental Chorioangiomas: A Single Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Dias Zaneta , Elayedatt Rinshi , Krishnan Vivek
Published: September 2024

Background Chorioangiomas are benign vascular placental tumors. Although most of them remain small and are asymptomatic, large tumors (>4 cm) may cause maternal or fetal complications.

Methods We report seven cases of chorioangioma over a span of 8 years in a single tertiary center managed either conservatively or with necessary intervention. All cases were followed up and postnatal outcomes were recorded.

Results Six cases were diagnosed in the second trimester and one in the third trimester by ultrasound. Four were managed conservatively, while three of them required prenatal therapy: one interstitial laser and the other two an intrauterine arterial embolization of the feeder vessel. One underwent a rescue intrauterine fetal transfusion before definitive embolization. Conservatively managed patients developed gestational hypertension and growth restriction. They had low birth weight and needed neonatal intensive care. There was one intrauterine demise (IUD) and two healthy neonates in the cases that needed a fetal intervention.

Conclusion The management of chorioangioma is dynamic and challenging, ranging from conservative to prenatal intervention. Treatment failure can result in serious complications adversely affecting pregnancy outcomes. However, regular monitoring by ultrasound and Doppler surveillance with timely interventions can lead to good neonatal and maternal outcomes.
Numerical investigation of H2/air mixing characteristics in micro-tubes with different geometric configurations
Authors: Ren Xiaodong , Feng Yuan , Gu Chunwei
Published: September 2024

The micro-mixing combustor exhibits the advantages of rapid and uniform mixing of fuel and air, high safety, and low emissions, showing broad prospects in the utilization of hydrogen energy. The micro-tube serves as a fundamental unit of the micro-mixing combustor. This paper places emphasis on the mixing mechanism of hydrogen and air in the micro-tube, conducting a thorough analysis of the mixing phenomena in micro-tubes with different geometric configurations using the large eddy simulation (LES) method. When employing the fuel single-hole vertical injection structure, the micro-tube jet in cross-flow (JICF) generates vortex structures similar to those in open-space JICF. The counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) plays a crucial role in the mixing process, but its mixing ability in the jet direction is not strong enough, leading to lower fuel concentration near the wall and increased mixing deficiency. At higher fuel injection speeds, the fuel jet impacts the wall and wraps around it, enclosing the air and promoting mixing. Increasing the number of fuel holes to 2, under constant speed ratio, results in a phenomenon of mutually opposing fuel jets, squeezing the fuel to the sides of the micro-tube. This enhances the local near-wall fuel concentration and reduces mixing deficiency. However, when using 3 or 4 fuel holes, the jets no longer oppose due to reduced penetration depth, and poor diffusion of fuel near the wall remains the main reason for mixing deficiency. To improve near-wall fuel concentration, structures with the jet at a certain angle to the diameter are studied. Under the influence of the wall, CVP evolves into a single vortex, and the fuel rotates along the wall. When the jet is inclined at 45° to the diameter, mixing deficiency rapidly decreases. It can achieve relatively ideal mixing effects, with fuel and air uniformly mixed downstream of the fuel hole at approximately 15 times the tube diameter.
Modeling resonant energy absorption of finite laser pulses in a doped porous dielectric slab
Authors: Kee Chun Yun , Kanwal Samra , Ang L. K.
Published: September 2024

We present a model to calculate the resonant energy absorption of a laser with finite number of pulses impinging on a doped porous dielectric slab. Analytical reflection R and transmission T coefficients are first derived as a function of 0<α≤1 to account for porosity with α=1 denotes a perfect ideal slab, which are verified using an electromagnetic solver. Based on the Drude model with resonant line due to impurities, we calculate the resonant energy absorption as a function of doping concentration, quality factor of the resonant line, porosity, length of the slab, and laser pulse length. It is important to note that simulating the combined effects of these parameters is challenging using existing models. The energy absorption efficiency is maximized for a certain degree of doping concentration at a given pulse length and also for a certain pulse length at a given doping concentration. At small doping concentration, the absorption efficiency increases with smaller α (high porosity) and the trend is reversed at larger α (low porosity). Dimensionless parameters are constructed, allowing the calculated results to be applicable over a wide range of frequencies and pulse durations. Thus, this model serves as a useful tool to characterize the amount of energy absorption due to these combined effects, which are important for many applications in plasmonics, optoelectronics, high power microwaves breakdown, and organic materials. Some possible experiments are suggested for future verification of the model.