bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Možnosti studia evangelické sakrální architektury
Authors: Altová Blanka
Published: January 2025

The article examines the possibilities of studying Protestant sacral architecture constructed in the Czech lands from the era of the issuing of the Edict of Tolerance in 1781 to the present. The registers of individual church congregations were used as the foundation for a basic art history study, as a collection of historical image sources in the ecclesiastical, cultural and social context. The aim was not to create an abstract collection of the development in the fine arts, but to analyse the form and content, deciphering the intentions of the builders and constructors. Architecture as a work of art gives witness to ambitions, visions – to what could or should be, and also to the real possibilities and situations of the constructors. It is a part of visual communication, inside the church itself, as well as in the wider social framework of state, nation and location. Protestant sacral architecture captured echoes of the “national” styles and the roots of the modern Czech Protestant tradition. The findings were compared with generally accepted meanings of the used symbols (or their systems, e.g. styles, construction typologies) in the given period and cultural space as was written in contemporary texts or that are somehow interpreted in current academic literature. At the same time, the specifics of the Protestant perception of the sacred are noticed, as is the influence of theology and liturgy on the organisation of the construction. The set of Protestant sacral constructions was divided chronologically according to significant historical moments in political history; the study examined to what extent did the history of the given churches intermingle with the history of political and social developments. It is shown that historical events and turning points have an indirect influence on Protestant sacral architecture; chiefly, they touch and effect people and their relations to church.
Luďa Klusáková – Laure Teulières (eds.): Frontiers and Identities. Cities in Regions and Nations.
Authors: Illner Michal
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Luďa Klusáková and Laure Teulières.
Zdeněk Demel: Pod dohledem církevních tajemníků. Omezování činnosti katolické církve v Československu 1945–1989 na příkladu jihočeského regionu.
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Zdeněk Demel.
Projekt výzkumu rodičovských strategií v edukaci dětí v České republice
Authors: Moravcová Mirjam , Bittnerová Dana , Pěničková Daniela
Published: January 2025

V roce 2009 zahájily Dana Bittnerová, Mirjam Moravcová (FHS UK v Praze) a Daniela Pěničková (Northern Arizona University, USA) výzkum strategií, které v ČR rodiče různých sociokulturních východisek uplatňují při institucionálním vzdělávání a profesním směrování vlastních dětí. Projekt s názvem Family and Group Strategies in the Education of Children in the Czech Republic financuje CERGE-EI Foundation a zaštiťuje Fakulta humanitních studií Univerzity Karlovy v Praze.
Květa Kořalková
Authors: Kořalka Jiří
Published: January 2025

The historic work of Květa Kořalková was influenced by her family origin in a workers’ environment in Northern Bohemia. Experiences from her childhood in a family of an often-unemployed worker where the basic livelihood was provided by her mother, a factory worker, are projected – along with in-depth excerpts from archival and printed sources – in her first book Hnutí nezaměstnaných v Československu v letech 1929–1933 [Movement of Unemployed in Czechoslovakia in the Years 1929 to 1933] (Prague: Práce 1962). After the end of her university studies in 1954 she took active part as an assistant in the Philosophical Faculty of Charles University in Prague in research of the way of life and public activities of miners in Northwestern Bohemia. Her lectures on the social and political development of Central European countries of the Soviet bloc after World War II, included in the program of the Faculty in the fall semester of 1956, earned unexpected relevance as a consequence of the political shake-up in Poland (May 1956) and in Hungary (October 1956), so many times more students than were enrolled attended her lectures.
Since Now a City Is There: Remarks on a City Center
Authors: Karpińska Grażyna Ewa
Published: January 2025

Every city has its center. The heart of a city and its center is usually a street or a square or both. In Lodz, one of the biggest cities in Poland, this role was played for a long time by Piotrkowska Street. This is the most famous Polish artery, which not long ago would be associated with the Lodz of labor and textile manufacturing, for the lot of Piotrkowska Street and the history of the city whose face and personality shaped the industry were intertwined. Today the street is an important element of the city; however, it does not determine the character of the city and has lost the function of concentrating public activities. Moreover, it is no longer recognized as the place where the most important events in public life take place (and that feature, according to Aleksander Wallis, characterizes a city center). Today, other spaces of Lodz have taken over the role of the city center and have brought together on their territory the cultural practices of the urban community. What is the cause for that state of things and where is the city center situated today? The article addresses these issues.
Peter Salner: Premeny židovskej Bratislavy [Changes in Jewish Bratislava]
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Peter Salner.
Care and Migration
Authors: Ezzeddine Lukšíková Petra
Published: January 2025

Working woman are traveling the globeas never before. Each year millions leave their homes and their families in Third World countries for jobs in homes and nurseries and as babysitters of the First World.
Report from the 11th Conference of the “Biograf” Journal
Authors: Vaňková Markéta
Published: January 2025

The 11th conference of the “Biograf” journal brought several surprises. The first one was the conference itself because in the past year the working session of the authors and friends of the Biograf did not take place and the continuation of the long and popular tradition could have been endangered. Fortunately (in my opinion at least) these fears were baseless and the 11th working session of the Biograf journal took place in the last third of June.
Analýza makroprocesů v dějepisectví
Authors: Horský Jan
Published: January 2025

The study consists of (a) a methodological reflection of the theories of macro-processes and the possibilities of applying macro-analysis in history. It finds that the utilisation of macro-analysis in historical science is productive if theories of processes are applied on historical phenomena, which are studied chiefly as unintentional, and if we concentrate on selected sections, levels and segments (subcultures, formalised discursive modes, demographical phenomena etc.) of socio-cultural reality. The study presents (b) some elements of the development of the relationship between Czech historiography and sociology (the sociology of religion). It mentions the long-term problems of the relationship between the two. The study shows examples (c) of the work of several young historians, which show the possibility of the productive connection of sociology and history. The study argues in favour of macro-analytical methods in historiography that allow the connection of the methods of historical sociology with some of the elements of Anthropological History, New Cultural History and New Intellectual History. It also tries to show the development of the stands of Czech historiography on sociology (event. the historical sociology of religion) on the example of selected issues (the possibility of "objectively" identifying the "religious character" of social processes; the issues of religious homogeneity of traditional societies in relation to the so-called „paradigm of confessionalisation“; the discussion on the „disenchantment of the world“) and thus sketches the possibility of the socio-historical analysis of Czech religious history.
Spirituální podnikání v České republice
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

The paper contributes to the still underdeveloped field of studying religious and spiritual economies and markets dealing with goods that can be labelled as compensators by the rational choice theorists of religion (though the author does not accept the RCT theory in general). Field data are taken from two research studies unique in the Czech Republic, the first of which was devoted to the Czech (market with) spiritual literature, and the second to the socio-anthropological study of religion and spirituality in a medium-sized Czech city (Česká Lípa). Even if the author concludes that the level of Czech religiosity/spirituality is drawing near to the Western European level in the post-1989 years, both in terms of substance and volume, he maintains that there are still substantial contrasts between the two. Those Czechs who pay attention to spirituality are generally “self-oriented” and much less interested in anything “social” or “transcendental” than their Western European colleagues. Czech society has not yet witnessed the shift from “materialism” to “postmaterialism” (Inglehart) or from “individualism” to “subjectivism” (Taylor). Also, the most prosperous forms of spiritual business in the Czech Republic are those that are mostly commercialised, while any proposals from NGOs (and churches) are much less successful due to the very origin of the offers. At the same time, the majority of Czechs who oppose any church religiosity is very open to modern New Age spiritualities and various kinds of goods and services provided by the growing spiritual market, both domestic and international.
Petr Lozoviuk: Interethnik im Wissenschaftsprozess – Deutschsprachige Volkskunde in Böhmen und ihre gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen.
Authors: Wolf Jiří
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Petr Lozoviuk.
Tom Boellstorff: Coming of Age of Second Life. An Anthropologist Explores of Virtual Human.
Authors: Beseda Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Tom Boellstorff.
Česká asociace pro sociální antropologii
Authors: Redakce
Published: January 2025

Dne 1. listopadu 2008 byla na půdě Etnologického ústavu AV ČR v Praze založena Česká asociace pro sociální antropologii, občanské sdružení, které si klade za cíl podporu oboru a jeho reprezentaci navenek, popularizaci výsledků práce českých sociálních antropologů a posilování mezioborových i mezinárodních odborných vazeb. Jako nejbližší hlavní úkoly si členové asociace stanovili vytvoření etického kodexu, který by měl být závazný pro členy asociace, a získávání finančních prostředků pro realizaci antropologických výzkumů u státních úřadů podporujících vědu a výzkum.
Debóřina píseň v kontextu kulturní antinomie mezi městem a venkovem
Authors: Hanyš Milan
Published: January 2025

The article treats G. P. Miller’s interpretation of the Canticle of Deborah (Judges 5), here enriched by several other hidden motives and developed upon the possible historical context of the main part of the song. Miller interprets the Canticle of Deborah as a part of the cultural antinomy between cities and the countryside. The gist of this interpretation is that the Canticle of Deborah is a result of the specific social institution of verbal feuds. A verbal feud is a type of feud that is based on slander, on defamation, on evil-speaking, on false tales of dishonour and impurity about the other communities and on boasting of one’s own advantages and superiority. Therefore, a verbal feud is thought to be a kind of struggle for higher status positions, which is understandable in a society where the main social stratification pattern consists of the norms of honour and dishonour. Miller sees the Canticle of Deborah as a literary riposte form, that is, as a form of retaliation against an insult circulated in society by the rival group. In the next part of the study, the interpretation is develops the possible historical context of the Canticle, placed at the turn of the Bronze and Iron Ages during the 12th and 11th centuries B.C. Miller’s analysis of the Canticle of Deborah as a riposte seems to be compatible with what has been reconstructed by archaeological excavations, and is therefore accepted. It is claimed, however, that it cannot be plausible for the Canticle as a whole, because of the different signs and facts connected to different historical contexts mentioned in verses 14-18. Therefore, I propose that the original riposte form of the presumably oral material was later – during the integrative efforts shortly before the state of Northern Israel was fully formed – compiled by a northern Israelite author who added or fully retrojected verses 14-18. Nevertheless, C. Levin’s argumentation based on the philological evidence dating the song to the second part of the first millenium B.C. is not denied here, but is developed from a presumably older cultural context, which could foster the song in its oral form.
Peeling the Bratislava Onion
Authors: Salner Peter
Published: January 2025

In his memoirs, Günter Grass used the analogy of “peeling the onion” and he gradually peeled off layers of his memories. This procedure did not work in researching the Bratislava (not only the Jewish) society of the 20th century. Due to historic events, several significant city-forming elements of the inhabitants disappeared from the Bratislava demographic map (but also from the memory of most contemporaries). Prior to the Holocaust, Orthodox Jews predominated in the city. Today, they make up a negligible, even forgotten minority. A similar fate affected the Zionists, too. According to available data, 10,000 Jewish people left Slovakia between 1945 and 1949; of them, 90% chose Palestine/Israel as their target country. Migrants from the countryside replaced them. However, they were not able to make up for past losses, either in terms of quantity or quality. There was enough evidence that “peeling of onion” is not suitable if the studied sample does not represent a whole spectrum of a given environment. If this method were mechanically applied, it would result in a simplified picture of both the Jewish community and the city in which it lived. It is also important to consider the fact that the Holocaust influenced not only the demographic community structure, but also the value system of its members. Thus, there is the seemingly paradoxical procedure of “wrapping the onion up.”
Viticultural Traditions and Local Memory
Authors: Popelková Katarína
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the process of construction of representation of an urban space as a socially determined phenomenon under the conditions of the postcommunist transformation of Slovakia. The subject matter of the analysis is the occurrence of facts from the viticultural past – a common feature of two neighboring towns – in their current public discourse. On the basis of data gather through archival-document study and ethnological field research, the paper analyzes collective motivations in the process of construction of collective memory and their linkages to concrete conditions of revitalization of private entrepreneurship after 1989.
The Czech jewishness of Professor Jiří Franěk, Outstanding Personality in Prague’s Scientific and Cultural Life
Authors: Soukupová Blanka , Fraňková Zdeňka , Dvořáková Věra
Published: January 2025

Jiří Franěk (Frischmann) (Nov. 24, 1922, Vysoké Mýto – December 30, 2007, Prague) – Charles University professor, leading Czech literary scholar, Russian studies specialist, publisher of literature and professional books, and the greatest expert on the works of Bohumil Mathesius – can be considered from various angles. In the English-German mutation of the journal Urban People, we will concentrate on his relation to the Jewish minority, with whom his fate was joined. It is in accordance with the main theoretical idea of this journal, a theme which accentuates the mutual bond between the character of a city and its inhabitants, and with the effort of postmodern anthropology to analyze the complex structure of collective and individual identity.
Bulharská etnologie po roce 1989
Authors: Machová Barbora
Published: January 2025

After the Velvet Revolution, our rich contacts with Bulgarian ethnologists were interrupted; since then, Bulgarian ethnology has been almost unknown in the Czech Republic. This article gives some basic information about how Bulgarian ethnology has developed throughout the 1990’s and after the year 2000 up to the present day. It presents the general tendencies in the development of ethnology (and anthropology) in this period as the heritage of the two most important trends in Bulgarian ethnological studies – ethnography and folklore studies, as well as the newly booming cultural anthropology. It also draws attention to the central ethnological institutions – two institutes of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences – the Ethnographic Institute and Museum, and the Institute of Folklore Studies - and to their main projects: to ethnology and anthropology as studied at universities and also publications, especially of periodical issues. A part of the article is dedicated to the most significant persona specializing in ethnology in Bulgaria since the end of the 1970’s up to the present day, Professor Todor Ivanov Zhivkov. The article contains a list of ethnographic workplaces with addresses and web sites.
David Nicholas: Urban Europe 1100-1700.
Authors: Miller Jaroslav
Published: January 2025

A review of the film by David Nicholas.
Adam Fox – Daniel Woolf (eds.): The Spoken Word. Oral Culture in Britain 1500-1850.
Authors: Janeček Petr
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Adam Fox and Daniel Woolf.
Lenka Budilová – Marek Jakoubek (eds.): Cikánská rodina a příbuzenství.
Authors: Koubková Helena
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Lenka Budilová and Marek Jakoubek.
Znovuzrození nativní kultury v Austrálii
Authors: Kulhánková Jana
Published: January 2025

This article discusses contemporary Aboriginal efforts for cultural self determination and self management in the context of Indigenous cultural revitalisation. It deals with a case of a how an Indigenous women’s child care organisation engages in revitalisation of traditional Australian Indigenous culture in urban context. I will address the principles of a women’s Indigenous Family Care centre, Kummara, in Brisbane (Queensland) where I volunteered, and maintained an ethnographic research. Kummara is based on family care, strengthening of women’s business, and reconnecting Aboriginal women to their cultural role. The organisation addresses the consequences of the Stolen Generations which was a forcible separation of Aboriginal children from their families, their re-education and Christianisation for the duration of 50 years (1910-1969) of Australian history. Main points of this study are that Aboriginal women practicing family care and women’s spirituality in Kummara, contribute to revitalisation of traditional Indigenous culture. This occurs mainly in education of children and young people (implementing rites of passage and parental programs), and in reconnecting to the traditional role of women in family, community and in spiritual life. In the Aboriginal context of health, the women in Kummara engage in a process of cultural, spiritual and emotional healing. They have adapted their ways of doing this to modern society and have been influenced by different Western and other cultural concepts while still trying to preserve elements of their ‘traditional’ past. By nature, the women’s perceptions of what is Aboriginal today differ, as their personalities differ. Therefore, the process of revitalising the women’s culture seems to be inconsistent. Similarly to other Aboriginal institutions, it may also be driven by various political interests and aims as it is balancing in between the mainstream and the community demands. I argue that Kummara is a good example of how fruitful, though complicated, it is to find a common definition of Aboriginal culture that can be said to be shared. What I can bring into the debate of cultural invention is an acknowledgement that the women of Kummara are aware of the innovative and adaptable nature of their own culture, communicate it, and understand it as a necessary process of cultural dynamism and change.
Prostota podzimu
Authors: Novák Aleš
Published: January 2025

It is not really usual to interconnected two eccentric solitaires of the Czech literary and fine arts, such as Josef Váchal and Bohuslav Reynek. They are both impossible to classify, slightly eccentric, but so much more diligent artists; this in itself might be a good reason to compare their work and primarily disposition and meaning of their work.
Deník Heleny Hanžlové
Authors: Petráš Jiří
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the professional historical production has been trying to catch up with belles-lettres regarding its quality and abundance. To depict life of an ordinary person means to use sources not yet exploited, to look at history from a different vantage point, and be ready to employ new historical methods. Researchers interested in the latest history have, compared to others, one additional significant comparative advantage – they can use living human being, a narrator, as a source. Resulting works peer under the surface of things, depicting contemporary atmosphere and mood through a real person. In recent years, the Oral History Center of the Institute for Contemporary History of the Academy of Sciences in Prague comes with interesting impulses. However, its projects and primarily the results have for now – unfortunately – more response abroad. Regional historiography plays an important role in this area. As if its representatives, historians knowing the environment they cover and people living there, are closer to life. They can also use many sources which others leave unnoticed in museums, archives and elsewhere. The following written records, dated 1945, used as the bases for this work are of museum provenience. These records, written by an unknown female hand immediately at the time that they depict, were donated to the museum in 2004. The author had an opportunity to employ the above mentioned oral history method. Confrontation of written records and oral recollections – although few decades later – is clearly suggested, just like it is important to get to know their originators including their opinions, discover what development of thought they experienced and how they look back on their life years later. And that is the story of the following text, story of Helena Hanžlova’s diary and story of the citizen Helena Hanžlova.
Pamětní zápis
Authors: Kundera Ludvík
Published: January 2025

In 2005, an extensive arrangement of Saint Stanislav’s cathedral was carried out in the Moravian town of Kunštát. At this occasion, the so called balloon, spire cupola, situated under the cross placed on church’s spire was opened. Inside, caskets containing contemporary documents and objects have been discovered. Such type of find happens roughly once every century and the documents and objects are usually selected to inform future generations about town’s (locality’s) conditions at time of the last arrangement or repair of the church. The latest documents and objects from the caskets opened in Kunštát in 2005 date back to 1890, the oldest commemorative document is dated 1687 and is related to the magnanimous transformation of the original gothic church into a baroque building. The final act of the Saint Stanislav cathedral’s roof repair in 2005 was resealing of the balloon into which the old caskets were returned and a new one was added. Its most important part was the so called Commemorative record which is a historicized summary of Kunštát development between 1890 and 2005. Readers of the Urban People revue are lucky since they can read now, at least one hundred years ahead of others when they carefully open the caskets during the next big restoration of the cathedral. The Commemorative record is, apart from its fascinating form of un-mendacious résumé, also interesting because of the extraordinary name of the author, namely Ludwik Kundera, the “prince of Moravian poetry”, honorary citizen of Kunštát and important playwright and legendary translator. It might be worth it to find out how many balloons of Czech, Moravian, and Silesian churches during the past two centuries contain a “message for future generations” that was written by contemporary and during their lifetime renowned poet, novelist, historian, teacher or priest whose significance exceeded beyond parish borders of a given church.
Nostalgie, technika a tragédie
Authors: Novotný Jaroslav
Published: January 2025

In 2006 and 2007, the Philosophy Module of the Faculty of Humanities at the Charles University organized two literary-philosophical symposia in Lipnice nad Sázavou. Topic of the first symposium (June 21, 2006) was Jaroslav Hašek’s novel “Good Soldier Švejk”; the central topic was war as a certain important form of existential condition of human beings in the world. The symposium has resulted in an anthology containing contributions “Hašek and War. War as epochal human openness towards the world” (published in 2007, 105 pages). The anthology contains contributions by Ladislav Benyovszky, Jakub Češka, Richard Hašek, Josef Kružík, Jakub Marek, Aleš Novák, Jaroslav Novotný, and Richard Zika. The topic of the second symposium (June 26, 2007) was the novel “The Godfather” by Mario Puzo and its film trilogy adaptation directed by F. Coppola. The core of the symposium was five contributions by Peter Brezina, Jakub Češka, Jakub Marek, Jaroslav Novotný, and Stanislav Synek. To sum up, we might say that the contributions and subsequent discussions showed that, at the first sight the deliberately antimodernistic and to certain extent utopian Puzo’s novel presents inner perversity of the depicted alternative world of a “family”. Apart from these contributions, I consider the short but dense comment by Ladislav Benyovszky to be important. It refers to a uniform context (“die Sache selbst” as cosa nostra) of disclosed types of human activities used to depict the world of “The Godfather” novel. Number of contributions of the second symposium was too small to publish a separate anthology. For that reason we present the texts of the second symposium in the magazine Urban People. In addition, there are three other articles: Taťána Ospálkova’s “The Godfather – Genre rules: Gangster movie or family saga?”, Jakub Marek’s “Double world of Puzo’s The Godfather”, and Jaroslav Novotný’s “Nostalgia, method and tragedy. Back to Mario Puzo’s novel The Godfather”. It is supplemented with a short reflection of these symposia the “Events at Lipnice that are hidden”, by the Jaroslav Novotný and published in Lipnice Panorama in summer of 2007.
Misunderstandings of Kin Selection and the Delay in Quantifying Ethnic Kinship
Authors: Salter Frank
Published: January 2025

Článek Misunderstanding of kin selection and the delay in quantificating ethnic kinship se zabývala analýzou existujících teorií příbuzenského výběru. Dr. Salter se zabýval velice podrobně pracemi Wiliama Hamiltona o aplikaci teorie příbuzenského výběru na etnický nepotismus vypočtením koeficientu etnického příbuzenství. Další část přednášky tvořilo představení těch vědců a autorit, kteří příbuzenský výběr zavrhli, nebo ho ne zcela dobře pochopili, jako je C. C. Cavalli Sforza, Craig Winter a Richard Lewontin.
The Wisdom by Social Learning
Authors: Reznikova Zhanna
Published: January 2025

V přírodě existují tyto tři zdroje učení: genetická dědičnost, individuální učení a sociální učení. Sociální učení probíhá tak, že se učíme buď od ostatních, s ostatními nebo o ostatních. Jedinci, kteří se učí pomocí ostatních, sledují je, mohou vykazovat následující formy sociálního učení: mohou vykazovat zvýšený zájem objevovat, potom co jsou zaujati sledováním činnosti nějakého modelu (sociální napomáhání); mohou být přitahováni k objektu, s kterým model manipuloval (zvýšená stimulace); mohou se účastnit stejného, pro druh typického chování (jako „nakažení“); mohou se naučit něco o vztahu mezi daným stimulem a posílením odměnou při správné reakci (podmiňování pozorováním); mohou se naučit něco o vlastnostech nebo možném využití podnětu (učení napodobováním); mohou se naučit demonstrovanou činnost (napodobování).
Mistr Jan Hus v zápase mezi Kristem a Antikristem
Authors: Pinc Zdeněk
Published: January 2025

Předesílám, že jsem o Janu Husovi nepublikoval řádnou odbornou práci, nepokládám se za husovského badatele a tak jsem na Vašem učeném shromáždění možná spíše omylem. S postavou Jana Husa a jeho dílem jsem se blíže seznámil v době hluboké normalizace na přelomu sedmdesátých a osmdesátých let při práci na studii o Emanuelu Rádlovi, jež pak byla publikována v exilovém pařížském časopise Svědectví. V Rádlově Válce Čechů s Němci (1927) je větší část druhé kapitoly věnována Husovi a Dekretu kutnohorskému a tehdy pro mne znamenala objev, protože se Rádlův výklad výrazně odlišoval od všeho, co jsem se o tématu dozvídal v průběhu někdejšího studia filosofie a historie.
Regine Kather: Person. Die Begründung Menschlicher Identität
Authors: Sokol Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Regine Kather.
Foreword to the First Issue of the English Edition of "Urban People", a Journal of Anthropology of Urban Worlds
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

The city represents a sort of sieve of history. Its temporal layers, at first glance clear in layout, architecture, interiors, indoor and outdoor sculptures and paintings, appropriation of entire spaces, etc., are a document of the continuity of development of its territory and appearance and of important historical turning points that society and its residences pass through. Inappropriate vacant lots in crowded built-up areas in a historic center or insensitively placed constructions and structural elements, however, on first glance also bear witness to the importance people attributed and attribute to the cities’ past. It must willy nilly blend with the spirit of the time and that spirit often not only demanded reconstruction of old buildings and their surroundings and therefore helped maintain material for what we can call the memory of a city, but it also determined what to demolish, reconstruct, or change. Modern and post-modern times of a city were then affected by a conflict between so-called traditionalists and so-called modernists. Truly scholarly interest in monuments actually began only in modern national societies.
Ursula Hemetek and Adelaida Reyes (eds.): Cultural Diversity in the Urban Area: Explorations in Urban Ethnomusicology.
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Ursula Hemetek and Adelaida Reyes.
Jane Mink Rossen - Uri Sharvit. A Fusion of Traditions: Liturgical Music in the Copenhagen Synagogue.
Authors: Seidlová Veronika
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jane Mink Rossen and Uri Sharvit.
Slavomíra Ferenčuhová, Michaela Šuleřová, Barbora Vacková (eds.): Město [The City].
Authors: Novotná Hedvika
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Slavomíra Ferenčuhová, Michaela Šuleřová and Barbora Vacková.
Historický přehled Psychometrických přístupů ke zjišťování maskuliny/feminity a struktura maskulinních a feminních osobnostních rysů v České republice
Authors: Trnka Radek
Published: January 2025

A brief overview of psychometric instruments for measuring of masculinity and femininity is provided in this paper. Limitations of such measurement are discussed as well. The preliminary results of “Personal Attributes Questionnaire” – PAQ (Spence, Helmreich a Stapp, 1974; Spence a Helmreich, 1978) are presented in the next part of the study. This assessment was made on 201 Czech university students (f=101; m=100). The preliminary results suggest that examined population sample consists of 20% feminine, 19% masculine, 23% androgynous and 38% undifferentiated persons.
Leonard Bernstein a New York
Authors: Čenský Petr
Published: January 2025

As a composer, Leonard Bernstein revived worldwide interest in works of the Austro-Hungarian composer (as well as a conductor) Gustav Mahler (1860–1911). Bernstein felt to be strongly related to him, even considered himself as his reincarnation. However, if we examine closely both these creators and their work, we realize how they differ in one significant aspect of world perception: Mahler was a composer of nature and countryside, whereas Bernstein composed music about a city. Both of them spent their lives in larger and large cities: Mahler spent his childhood in Jihlava and later worked as a composer, among other cities, in Prague, Budapest, Hamburg, Vienna, and finally in New York. Bernstein was born near Boston, but then chose New York as his home. Yet, their view of a city was dramatically different. In one of his letters Mahler writes: “When I came to Zahlendorf, that is the name of this place, and searched for a path through pines and spruces totally covered with snow, everything was quite rural, nice church joyfully glittering in winter sunrays, at that moment I felt elated and I saw how one suddenly becomes free and full of joy when he returns from unnatural and restless babble of a big city to the quiet house of nature”. While Bernstein says about New York: “This city got me in its grips. No wonder I compose music about it again and again. (…) Everything is so dramatic, so full of life”.
Právo, spravedlnost a rekonstrukce
Authors: Gondek Hans-Dieter
Published: January 2025

Derrida often used the expression justice à venir, justice to come, or démocratie à venir, democracy to come. These expressions mean exactly that: justice or democracy to come, one that is coming, arriving, however one that is never realized. Every law making, as well as every law enforcement lives off the anticipated advance of this future justice, in its performance act it places itself into “as if already” of such justice. It is like the “as if” contained in Kant’s categorical imperative and it calls for similar respect. In this connection, Derrida speaks also about certain inevitable and unavoidable theoretical fiction. Where Benjamin in the last instance defines his believe in God and in godly violence as “justice of purposes”, Derrida demands perseverance in this theoretical fiction as a fiction and its acceptance. That in turn represents certain experience: “Experience of the impossible”. “Experience of the impossible” does not just mean that one has to back off because one is not able to accomplish something, but it escalates this demand even more.
Seyla Benhabib: The Claims of Culture. Equality and Diversity in the Global Era.
Authors: Muhič Dizdarevič Selma
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Seyla Benhabib.
Robert A. Georges, Michael Owen Jones: Folkloristics. An Introduction.
Authors: Janeček Petr
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Robert A. Georges and Michael Owen Jones.
Osobnost české antropologie se jmenovala Emanuel Vlček
Authors: Škvařilová Božena
Published: January 2025

Dne 24. října 2006 náhle zemřel prof. Mudr.a RNDR.h.c. Emanuel Vlček, Dr.Sc., jeden z nejvýraznějších představitelů československé antropologie. Věhlas získal lékařsko antropologickými výzkumy historických osobností a vědeckými studiemi o vývoji člověka v Evropě.
John Lennon žije a vzkazuje…
Authors: Cílek Václav
Published: January 2025

Fortunately, graffiti has its own quite unclear terminology. Originally, tag was a symbol of an American street gang and it delimited its territory. Symbols must be clearly visible, wide and drawn in self-confident strokes. Street walkers, i.e., practical social street workers can understand tags and they know that if a tag of next door clan appears in a foreign territory, a war is declared. American street gangs often serve a criminal function - they control drug trade, and they also keep certain order. When you move into a poor neighborhood you might be visited by gang members offering protection of your apartment against thieves for a certain payment. This is more reliable than an insurance institution. In a given territory, they have a monopoly on crime and they push out other criminals. In this case, tag is a clear indication who should be paid. Majority of European tags has a different origin. It is just a signature. They are created primarily by youths between 14-17 years old - sometime between the 8th grade and vocational school. I know them to certain extent since my wife works as in primary school teacher in a housing development. These are quite nice boys coming from somehow broken homes. One can talk to them. They have experienced nothing good in their lives and feel their future does not hold anything bright, either. To make a tag in a visible place or even better in a train passing through the world is one of few possibilities to draw attention to oneself. At the same time, to create a tag or more complex creation in a dangerous place, such as a smokestack or roof over a police station, is a brave act connected with coming -of-age ritual. Probably just like a Masai boy killing a lion. I did it therefore I am a man! Only immature character must prove such an adventure over and over again. Others in our society full of insecurities and worries just calm themselves by spraying a building and do not think about it one bit. They are able to spray even where it is prohibited – on rocks or in caves. For number of years now, spelaeologist hide their underground structures to prevent some brain-fried space cadet who hasn’t got a clue to damage them.
Karel Hynek Mácha v iniciačním procesu
Authors: Václavů Kateřina
Published: January 2025

I have borrowed the notion of “initiatory process” from anthropology, however I do not feel it is necessary to describe it in detail here. These are land mark, transitional and dangerous periods that manifest themselves in probably every human live, when something old dies and something new is born. Child turns into a girl, changes into a woman, gets married, becomes a mother, dies and becomes an ancestor. Child turns into a boy, changes into a man, maybe an important man in his community, dies and becomes an ancestor. The above “becomes” and “changes” is just that initiatory period, trial and transition, that can be managed or mismanaged by infinitely human manners, however in a single direction, only. Such a simple circuit with endless number of variations. You kill the biggest bison, kill the most enemies, save a friend, become top model, publish your first book, start taking drugs and get over it. And yes, the biggest fight, the one that remains always the same and does not have to manifest itself at all in outer world as a heroic act, is surely awaiting someplace deep inside. Deep inside where something is blinking and it is so difficult to see - hear and keep in plain sight, where all questions and answers await closely tied together. When he was about 25 years old, Karel Hynek Mácha also entered his inner field and suddenly the earth started to shake under his feet. And here I enter and so does my eye yearning so much to see how new temples of live are built, my eye in my head that just wants to nod in agreement when reading his poetry. However, Mácha dies at the age of twenty six (and now we can start speculate what was the physical cause - germs, virus - typhus, cholera, stomach flu - who knows -), after he published his first compact work and just a few days before his planned wedding. He leaves behind only his adolescent poetry and his diaries that sometimes make my head just marvel motionlessly.
Svědomí a soudnost v konfrontaci s bezpříkladností totalitarismu
Authors: Novák Jakub
Published: January 2025

The article, drawing from some recently published Arendt’s texts, namely from Personal Responsibility Under Dictatorship and Some Questions of Moral Philosophy, attempts to give an account of Hannah Arendt’s moral philosophy. By this „moral philosophy“ is understood the connection of some key motives, namely the issue of functioning of certain fundamental human capacities – critical thinking, conscience and judgment - in the situation, when the individual is confronted with totalitarian rule. This means for Arendt, that the horrible originality of totalitarianism does not only transcend all traditional categories, general rules and measurements for acting, judging and understanding, it also explodes them: for Arendt, the event of the rise of totalitarianism means the breakdown of all our tradition. In this article, I proceed from showing the point of departure of Arendt’s reflections, which is her famous analysis of Adolf Eichmann trial. Confronted with Eichmann’s total „thoughtlessness“ Arendt poses the question: can the absence of (critical) thinking prevent individual from doing evil? And is this absence in some way connected with the total failure of what we commonly call conscience and with inability to judge, i.e. to tell the right from wrong? The next two sections of presented article thus concentrate on Arendt’s conception of conscience and judgment. I am trying to interpret Arendt’s notion of human faculty of conscience as a sort of „passing“ between acting and thinking, which Arendt treats as two distinct activities, as two distinct modes of human existence, in which we cannot „dwell“ simultaneously: according to Arendt, conscience can be understood as something, which somehow unites acting and thinking. Ultimately, conscience can provide us with some criterion of action, which can guide our deeds exactly in those situations, when all others firm criteria were destroyed. Arendt’s account of „moral judgment“ (as a distinctive mode of the human faculty of judgment) is in some way similar: how can we judge with no general rules under which to subsume particular cases? The article concludes with thesis, that according to Arendt’s reflections on moral issues, it is the relation between acting and thinking, where human individuality, man as a person is constituted. When men resign to perform their own, individual judgments and when they refuse to lay confines to their actions (when this „laying of confines“ is taking place at the field of conscience), they cease to be distinctive persons and become „nobodies“.
Věněk Šilhán
Authors: Čížková Martina
Published: January 2025

Roots, authority, morals, and culture – four words as four supporting pillars of Professor Věněk Šilhán’s life. Man who held reins of power, as well as a shovel in his hands; just an extreme version of fate of many thousands of people in this country. Fate as a seesaw where one faces a wayward adversary in form of politics. Just as many others after the war, young and zealous Věněk believed in brighter future, only to get sober in 1968 when he was a well respected director of an institution. Year 1968 was crucial in his life. He suddenly entered the world of high politics as the first secretary of the extraordinary, so called Vysočany assembly of the Czechoslovak Communist Party. Even thought he carried out this function for only a few days it was to determine his future life.
Naplnění snu
Authors: Bartošová Kateřina , Turková Miloslava
Published: January 2025

On March 15, 1925, Czech medical doctor - MUDr. Vlasta Kálalová made another significant step to fulfil her dream - to build a Czechoslovakian hospital in Baghdad. On that day, following many obstacles on the difficult journey from Constantinople further to the East she reached Baghdad, the Capital City of Iraq’s Kingdom - her future workplace. In this city she lived and worked, with a brief interruption in 1927, the next seven years. Shortly after arrival, she managed to acquire from the English colonial administration a license to practice medical profession. Since the start of her medical work, large number of patients came for help to the newly opened medical office, and so already in December 1925 a surgical clinic of MUDr. Vlasta Kálalová was established, based on approval secured from English authority - the so called “Mustausaf Czechoslovak”. She ran this “Czechoslovakian Dispensary for Surgical and Gynecology Maladies”, including a room for the sick and modern operating theatre, very successfully until 1932. She was assisted only by a Czech registered nurse and unqualified Assyrian assistant.
Frank Fätkenheuer: Lebenswelt und Religion, Mikro-historische Untersuchungen an Beispiel aus Franken um 1600.
Authors: Horský Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Frank Fätkenheuer.
G. E. R. Lloyd: In the Grip of Disease, Studies in the Greek Imagination.
Authors: Bartoš Hynek
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by G. E. R. Lloyd.
3. Memoriál prof. J. Matiegky a prof. J. Malého
Authors: Škvařilová Božena , Hroníková Linda
Published: January 2025

Letos se konal již třetí ročník Memoriálu prof. J.Matiegky a prof. J.Malého. Pořádajícími institucemi byly Hrdličkovo muzeum člověka UK, katedra obecné antropologie FHS UK, katedra antropologie a genetiky PřFUK a město Mělník.
MAD 2005 – Multidisciplinary Approaches to Discourse: Salince in Discourse.
Authors: Slezáková Jitka
Published: January 2025

Se začátkem nového školního roku se konalo v pořadí již šesté pracovní setkání výzkumníků a badatelů nejrůznějších oborů „MAD 2005“. Tento co do rozměru malý, ale po odborné stránce vysoce kvalitní mezinárodní workshop se ve dvouletých intervalech koná již od roku 1995, pokaždé v jiné lokalitě. Letos se dvacet čtyři účastníků sešlo v Německu, v malebné oblasti biosferické rezervace Schorfheide-Chorin, nacházející se několik kilometrů severovýchodně od Berlína. Konal se pod záštitou Potsdamské University a velký dík za jeho uspořádání patří organizátorům, kterými byli Manfred Stede (Universität Potsdam), Michael Grabski (Technische Universität Berlin) a Luuk Lagerwerf (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam).
Týmová práce v české etnologii druhé poloviny 20. století
Authors: Moravcová Mirjam
Published: January 2025

This contribution addresses two topics in context of social reality: Theoretical framework of team field research and cognitive results of this research and their impact on diversification of theoretical thinking in Czech ethnology. Within this interpretive context there are four levels of team research work being discussed: 1) Examination and systematic mapping of fast disappearing traditional tangible and spiritual folk culture; 2) Examination of proletariat, industrial regions and towns, outlined as historical-ethnographical analysis trying to define development trends and interpret changing commonness in context of modern Czech social life; 3) Examination of “contemporary village“ in order to document and interpret cultural changes, record transformation of the “pre-socialist“ social hierarchies, as well as disappearance or transformation of traditional ways of village social life; 4) Examination of integration and disintegration processes in society, targeted to different ethnic groups, re-emigration groups, and groups of expatriates living abroad. The first four decades of the second half of the 20th Century, gave rise to conditions, within its social framework, for team research work of ethnologists – regardless the fact that the program was limited and dictated theoretical, thematic, as well as problem direction of this scientific work. Broad platform was set up for team research activities, even though this platform was limiting and compulsory selective. In the last decade of the 20th century, this former institutionalized platform was restructured. The new platform provided extensive and fundamental space for personal initiative. Conditions were set up for liberal approach to selection of research problems, as well as theoretical assumptions for its solution, selection of methods and techniques of research work. Team research became based on social demand and scientific goals of the researchers. Team research work of the entire second half of the 20th Century is closely tied with deep understanding of the Czech traditional folk culture development. However, it is also closely related to development of the Czech ethnology, modernization of the field, gradual re-definition of the ethnological objects studied in its framework, and expansion of thematic and problem categories. It also involves re-evaluation of social significance of ethnographic facts and their discursive processing.