bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dakwah Fardiyah Penganten Baru
Authors: Nelson Nelson
Published: July 2018

This article is a study of literature about the formulation of Da'wah fardiyah towards married couples to realize sakinah family. The researcher interests to investigate this case because if it observeded, newmarried couple who have various level of education. According to the researcher assumption that at this time there is new married couple in forming a family like flowing water, where the direction is, anchored still in the shadow. Therefore, the researcher formulates the problems of how to formulate da'wah fardiyahtoward new married couple to realize sakinah family. While the purpose of this research is to make the formulation of da'wah fardiyahtoward new married couple to realize sakinah family. The primary and secondary data sources were taken from books related toda’wah Islamic as well as some commentary, communication science and magazine. The results of research in-depth study of various sources showed that the effort to realize the family into sakinah family based on Islamic values is one of responsibilities of Muslims and he who has competence in their field. People who have competence in the field is proselytizer and the element that has the authority is government. The government as an extension to Ministry of Religious Affairs in which there are religious counselors. Therefore da'i in the spiritual field and the government can support of funds. The formulation of da'wah fardiyah against newly married husband and wife to realize sakinah family that is some stage that is stage, preparation consist of preparation of proselytizer and preparation of target and program. Then the implementation stage is consisting of introduction, approach and delivery of materials, program evaluation, program maturation and establishment of cadres of proselytizer.
PENGARUH NILAI TAMBAH SEKTOR PERTANIAN TERHADAP PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Ishak Awang Farouk
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of value added of agriculture sector toward labor absorption in East Kalimantan. This study using quantitative and qualitative approaches, based on the secondary panel data in the time series period of 1993-2009. Partial Least Square (PLS) method (smart PLS Computer program) is analyzed in this study. The result indicates that the value added of agriculture sector has positif trend effect towards the labor absorption. The Standardize path coefficient analysis results indicate that the period of 1993-1997 (before crisis), period of 1998-2002 (after crisis and before regional autonomy) and period of 2001-2009 (after regional otonomy) have a significant relationship between the growth of value-added in agricultural sector toward labour absorption  in the Province of East Kalimantan.
ANALISIS DAYA SAING DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS GANDUM LOKAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Baga Lukman Muhammad , Puspita Agnes A. D.
Published: July 2018

Wheat is an alternative food product that contains high carbohydrate, which is currently consumed by many Indonesian people in order to substitute their staple food of rice.  However, Indonesia must import large amount of this product, and during the last decade the imported volume has dramatically increased.  In 2008 the imported wheat reached 4.9 million tons. Since 2001, Indonesian Government has developed domestic wheat agribusiness which aimed to establish industrial villages of domestic wheat production.  However, due to some obstacles, the program is not successful yet. Therefore, it is needed to study the competitive position of wheat agribusiness in Indonesia.  The study’s objectives are (1) to portrait the current domestic wheat agribusiness in Indonesia, (2) to analyze the domestic wheat competitive position, and (3) to formulate strategy for developing domestic wheat agribusiness in Indonesia as an effort to fulfill some part of domestic wheat demand and to build industrial villages of wheat production. The study was conducted in 2009. Data have been analyzed by using the frame of Porter’s Diamond Theory in order to find out the competitive position of Indonesian domestic wheat agribusiness.  Afterwards, SWOT analysis is used to investigate internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats of Indonesian wheat agribusiness in order to formulate the developing strategies. Finally, the approach of strategic architecture is used to arrange the formulated strategies where it can be easier to get the picture. The conclusion of Porter’s Diamond analysis showed that each subsystems of domestic wheat agribusiness in Indonesia still do not support one to another, therefore, its competitiveness becomes weak. In order to strengthen its competitiveness, domestic wheat agribusiness needs to be developed more properly by paying attention to development strategies which have been consciously formulated and put in mapping of strategic architecture.
ANALISIS USAHATANI KAKAO RAKYAT DI BERBAGAI POLA TANAM TUMPANG SARI
Authors: Hariyati Yuli
Published: July 2018

The contribution of cocoa plantations to the income of farmers is an important issue for farm-scale development. Cocoa plant is an annual plant that is capable of producing a year only once. In order to earn income every month, the farmers implement intercropping pattern in their cocoa farming folk. Application of intercropping patterns on their farm has a linkage with the components of the costs incurred to cultivate these plants. This research was carried out to determine: (1) the application of intercropping patterns and the reasons for choosing one type of intercropping pattern on cocoa farming folk; (2) the differences of cost efficiency in each intercropping patterns on cocoa farming folk; (3) the differences of  profitability in each intercropping patterns on cocoa farming folk; (4) the differences of labor productivity in each intercropping patterns on cocoa farming folk. This research location was decided by purposive method in Subak Abian Amertha Nadi, Yeh Embang Kauh Village, Mendoyo Distric. The research method which are used in this research are descriptive, comparative and analytical. Data analysis method which are used in this research are R/C ratio, revenue analysis, and labor productivity. The research results showed that : (1) cloves provide the greatest contribution to revenue in the fourth intercropping patterns and the farmers reasons for choosing intercropping patterns, among others : hereditary system, large gains, increasing yields, profits every time, and risks of failure; (2) cost efficiency among the four intercropping patterns were not significantly different, (3) gains among the four intercropping patterns were not significantly different; (4) labor productivity among the four intercropping patterns also were not significantly different.
ANALISIS STRATEGI KEBIJAKAN MUTU DAN STANDAR PRODUK KAYU LAPIS DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING EKSPOR
Authors: Widyastutik Widyastutik , Arianti Reni Kristina
Published: July 2018

Developed countries use a standard as instrument to conduct trade barriers. The issues about quality and standard are also applicated to Indonesian plywood exports. Consumer countries led to the requirements of the international timber legality, for example USA with Amandemen Lacey Act, Uni Eropa with EU Timber Regulation, Australia with Prohibition Bill, and Japan with Green Konyuho. Standard is a main instrument to increase of competitiveness. The aims of this study are: (1) to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesia plywood in the major export destinations, (2) to analyze strategy of policies to improve the quality and standard of plywood in order to increase competitiveness. The analytical methods used in this study are Revealed Comparative Advantage and Analytical Hierarchy Process. The result of study shows that an average value RCA between Indonesia and UK is high. According to AHP, government should facilitate exporter to solve the problem in the cost of certificate of plywood legalcy (SVLK).
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Persepsi Harga dengan Penggunaan Pestisida dalam Usahatani
Authors: Affandi Anas , Sinaga Aldon , Arifatus S Ana
Published: July 2018

The use of pesticides for certain crops can not be avoided because of the character of the plant, one of which is coffee. Pesticides in the cultivation of coffee is often used unwisely, excessive doses and the use of an incorrect type, the effect is potentially decreasing the quality of the coffee. As the times and the changing mindset of consumers about organic farming encourage to consume organic coffee products. This is evidenced by the increasing demand than available supply. The aim of this study are: 1) Knowing the main source of information used by farmers in the purchase decision and the use of pesticides in the cultivation of coffee; 2) Determine the relationship of knowledge to the purchase decision and the use of pesticides in the cultivation of coffee; 3) Knowing the relationship of knowledge to the effectiveness of the use of pesticides in the cultivation of coffee. The study was conducted in the village Sumber Tempur Wonosari Subdistrict precisely in farmer groups Sumber Makmur I census method against 30 members of farmer groups. The results showed that 1) The source of information is important in decision making pesticide use in coffee farming is a row; Reference Group, Recommendations other institutions, consumer preferences, and family references; 2) Correlation analysis showed that the knowledge of the specifications of pesticides (0.72), knowledge threshold HPT attack (0.60) is strongly correlated with the complexity of the use of pesticides; 3) Correlation analysis showed that the knowledge of the specifications of pesticides (0.69), knowledge threshold HPT attack (0.76) is strongly correlated with the effectiveness of the use of pesticides.
Analisis Pendapatan dan Efisiensi Teknis Usahatani Ubi Jalar di Kecamatan Ampek Angkek, Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat
Authors: Leovita Angelia , Asmarantaka Ratna Winandi , Suwarsinah Daryanto Heny Kuswanti
Published: July 2018

Production of commodity determined by effectiveness allocation of input. The level of input allocation will give impact to production and then farm income. This study was aimed to analyze the income of sweet potato farm,  to identify factors those are effect the production of sweet potato, to analyze technical efficiency and factors of technical inefficiency of sweet potato’s farm. The data was gather from 40 sweet potato farmers in Ampek Angkek district regency of Agam West Sumatra. The result showed that the income of sweet potato farmers were IDR 24,659,314.18 with R/C ratio 1.8. The R/C ratio indicated that sweet potato farm was still feasible and profitable to be cultivate. Factors that effect the production of sweet potato were seeds, organic fertilizer, labor in the family, and labor outside the family. The average of technical efficiency rate was 0.85, which means that productivity of sweet potato farm achieved 85 percent from the maximum level. Meanwhile, the inefficiency can be reduce by membership of farm group, age, and land tenure.
Analisis Preferensi Risiko Petani pada Usahatani Kubis Organik di Kecamatan Baso, Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Hidayati Reny , Fariyanti Anna , Kusnadi Nunung
Published: July 2018

Risk preferences of farmers determine to adoption of a technology. This study aims to determine risk preferences of cabbage farmers in Baso Sub-district. Analysis of risk preferences using a model of risk preferences Kumbhakar 2002. Results show that organic cabbage farmers are risk-averse, impacting the slow adoption of organic farming.
Tingkat Kewirausahaan Berbagai Pelaku Agribisnis di Wilayah Bogor
Authors: Nasruddin Wasrob , Junaidi Efri , Musyadar Achmad , Dayat Dayat
Published: July 2018

The position of farmers as the main actors (on-farm) in agribusiness systems are generally in a weak position, even in many cases are in the weakest position. The aims of this paper are: (1) to know the level of entrepreneurship each subsystem agribusiness input, on-farm, marketing and agro-industry, and (2) to analyze the relationship between the level of entrepreneurial actors of agribusiness based on different subsystems and different types of commodities sought (crops and horticulture). The study was conducted in Bogor area in June 2013 to December 2013 with 108 respondents, consisting of 55 people in on-farm subsystem and 53 people on off-farm subsystem. The method of analysis performed is descriptive and non-parametric statistical analysis. The level of entrepreneurial agribusiness in general (regardless subsystems and commodities) showed that use of self-knowledge test tends in strong category (55%) and moderate (45%). A high percentage (> 50 %) in the strong category owned by the actors on the off-farm subsystem. Meanwhile, the level of entrepreneurship using of character test tends in the low category (63%) and relatively high (37%). This character test showed horticultural farmers tend to have entrepreneurial potential is higher than crops farmers. The level of entrepreneurship agribusiness based agribusiness subsystem (on-farm vs off-farm) showed a significant relationship to the significant level (α) of 25% on the in self-knowledge test, while the character test is not significant. Furthermore, based on different types of commodities (food vs horticulture), for the self-knowledge test showed no significant relationship, whereas the character test is significant at the significance level (α) 15%. This research can be the basis for choosing the farmer/group of farmers who will receive assistance from the government for success of government programs increase of farm productivity such PUAP and LM3 program.
Upaya Pengembangan Agribisnis Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) di Kabupaten Indramayu
Authors: Ambarsari Wiwik , Ismadi Vitus Dwi Yunianto Budi , Setiadi Agus
Published: July 2018

This research aims to formulate priority of the alternative strategy of the development rice agribusiness and the alternative strategy priority that can be applied to the development of rice agribusiness in Indramayu Regency. This research was done through a survey approach, using descriptive and qualitative analysis. The sampling was done by multistage purposive sampling to 120 rice farmers, and purposive sampling of 15 key persons, namely experts, policy experts, practitioners, businesses, experienced farmers and related agencies. The analysis method used was the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with Expert Choice 9.0 Program. The research was conducted from February to August 2014 in Sliyeg, Lelea, and Gabuswetan Districts, Indramayu Regency.  The results of this research were the five alternative priorities as the formula of the development strategy of rice agribusiness in Indramayu Regency were the consistency of local government of rice farming development, assurance and protection of the rice price through the modern village barns, the enhancement of agricultural extension workers quality and quantity, development of modern village barns infrastructures, and capital assistance from the Local Owned Enterprises. The key priority alternative strategy of the development rice agribusiness in Indramayu Regency was the consistency of local goverment of rice farming development.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Peternak Melalui Kompetensi Peternak terhadap Kinerja Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Fauziyah Diyani , Nurmalina Rita , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Published: July 2018

This research aims to: (1) identify characteristics and competencies of beef cattle farmer, and (2) analyze the influence of characteristics through competencies of farmer on business performance of beef cattle farm in Bandung Regency. In this research, the farmer characteristics consist of personal and psychological characteristic, whereas the competencies consist of technical and entrepreneurial competency. This research used 121 data of beef cattle farmers that collected by proportional cluster sampling according to the central areas of the farm, namely Cikancung, Cimenyan, and Cimaung Districts. The data were analyzed by SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis. The results showed that both characteristics positively and significantly influence both competencies, and also have an indirect effect on business performance by technical competency. Psychological characteristic (need for achievement as a strong predictor) more influential on competencies than personal characteristic (informal education as a strong predictor). Technical competency (managing marketing and input as a strong predictor) positively (γ=0.81) and significantly influence the business performance (productivity as a strong predictor), while the influence of entrepreneurial competency is not significant. Indirectly, psychological characteristic (0.56) more influential on business performance than personal characteristic (0.29). The implication, beef cattle productivity can be increased by improving technical competency, especially for managing marketing and input. This competency can be improved by increasing need for achievement and active participation of farmers in attending the counseling/training by giving them rewards.
Analisis Ekonomi Pengusaha Tempe dalam Menghadapi Kenaikan Harga Kedelai Impor di Kelurahan Semper, Jakarta Utara
Authors: Naelis Naelis , Novindra Novindra
Published: July 2018

Soybean is one of the important agriculture commodities in Indonesia after rice and corn. The increasing domestic soybean consumption exceed its production. To fulfill domestic needs, Indonesia import the soybean. One of the industries that have a dependent to the imported soybeans is Tempe production. The rising prices of imported soybean caused the increasing price of production factor and affecting the revenue of Tempe entrepreneur. DKI Jakarta is one of the provinces that have a large population of Tempe industries and use the imported soybean as a raw material of its production. One of the regions is Semper, North Jakarta. The result of estimation factors that influenced the Tempe production is the amount of soybeans (kg/production process). The total cost of Tempe production is increasing 19,80 percent and the cash cost is increasing 19,89 percent. The revenue of the cash cost and total cost is decreasing 53,62 percent and 54,04 percent. The amount of R/C ratio upon the total cost after the rising prices of soybean is 1,19. The activity of Tempe production is still giving revenue although there is rising prices of the soybean because the revenue is positive and the amount of R/C ratio is more than one.
Efisiensi Teknis, Alokatif dan Ekonomi pada Usahatani Ubikayu di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Anggraini Nuni , Harianto Harianto , Anggraeni Lukytawati
Published: July 2018

Efficiency is one of the factor that play an important role in determining the level of productivity. This research aims are (1) to analyze the factors that affect cassava production, (2) to measure the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies, (3) to identify the factors that influence the technical inefficiency in Central Lampung Regency. The study was conducted in Central Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. The purposive sampling method was used to select area study and simple random sampling technique was used to collect 78 cassava farmers in the study area. Data were analyzed with the stochastic frontier production function model and cost function dual frontier. The results shows that the land, seed,fertilizer N and fertilizer K variable significantly affected cassava production. The level of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of cassava farming were not efficient with average technical, allocative and economic efficiencies value respectively of 0,69; 0,71; and 0,47. This indicates that cassava farmers in Central Lampung regency has not been optimally allocate the use of inputs at the level of the minimum cost.  Socio-economic variables that significantly affect the technical efficiency is age, the time of harvest, family size, and access to credit.
EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHA TERNAK AYAM BROILER POLA KEMITRAAN DI KABUPATEN LIMAPULUH KOTA
Authors: Pramita Dira Asri , Kusnadi Nunung , Harianto Harianto
Published: July 2018

Due to the high cost of investment in broiler production and the risk involved, various types of lease arrangement in broiler production exist in Indonesia. Two of the best known arrangement include the contract system and the informal profit sharing system. The difference in these two types of arrangement lies in the degree of cooperation which influence their technical efficiency. This study aims to measure the technical efficiencies of broiler farms with the contract system and the profit sharing system. This study also analyzed the basic determinants of the technical efficiency, as well as the socio-economic variables that affect business performance. Cross section data was collected from Limapuluh Kota district between July to September 2015. The purposive  sampling technique was used to identify 87 farmers of which 50 were involved in the contract system arrangement while 37 were involved in the profit sharing arrangement. The data was analyzed using the Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Production Frontier. The results showed that the type of lease arrangement affects the level of technical efficiency. When compared, the technical efficiency of contract system arrangement was higher than that of the informal profit sharing arrangement. The age and experience of broiler farmers significantly influenced the level of technical efficiency. However, while age was positive experience was negative.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR EKSPOR PRODUK PERTANIAN INDONESIA KE NEGARA KURANG BERKEMBANG
Authors: Syachbudy Qiki Qilang , Firdaus Muhammad , Daryanto Heny Kuswanti Suwarsinah
Published: July 2018

This study aims to analyze the potential of new export markets for Indonesian agricultural products and analyze the factors that affect the export of agricultural products LDCs. The method used was Export Product Dynamics (EPD) and Gravity Model. The study focused on Indonesian agricultural exports to 36 countries which have a GDP per capita below US$ 3.500. The study found that Indonesia has relationships that is different among commodities. For tea, Indonesia has trade relation with Cambodia, Kenya, and Pakistan. For palm oil, Indonesia has trade relation with Bangladesh, Togo, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Benin, Mozambique, Tanzania, Nigeria, Yemen, Cameroon, Senegal, Pakistan, and Ghana. For coconut, Indonesia has good trade relation with Bangladesh, Tanzania, and Pakistan. For Sugar, Indonesia has trade relation to Madagascar, Kenya, Yemen, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Ghana, and Pakistan. Factors affecting the demand of tea are gross domestic product of importer countries and economics distance. Furthermore, factor influencing the trading of palm oil are world price, gross domestic product of importer countries and economics distance. While, coconut and sugar trading is affected by world price and economics distance. Thus, it can be said that the potential for new export markets for Indonesian agricultural products in the context of South-South Cooperation has a good chances.
TRANSMISI HARGA JAGUNG DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Purwasih Rati , Firdaus Muhammad , Hartoyo Sri
Published: July 2018

Corn is one of the leading commodities in Lampung Province. The average corn price received by farmers (producers) from January 2009 to December 2014 amounted to Rp 1.820 per kilogram, while the average price of corn at the consumer level was at Rp 3.205 per kilogram. Corn prices at the consumer level are more volatile when compared with the price of corn at the producer level. The purpose of this study are to analyze the transmission of corn prices from the consumer level to the producer level in Lampung Province. The data used was a monthly time series data from January 2009 to December 2014 (72 month). Asymmetric Error Correction Model (AECM) developed by von Cramon-Taubadel and Loy (1996) was used to analyze corn price transmission from the consumer level to the producer level. Causality test results indicate that corn prices at the consumer level affect the formation of corn prices at the producer level. From AECM estimates obtained, the short run corn price transmission from the consumer level to the producer level was asymmetric. However, the long-run transmission of corn prices from the consumer level to the producer was symmetric. After the Wald test, results obtained showed that there was no prove of asymmetric price transmission from the consumer level to the producer level in the long run.
ANALISIS DAYA SAING AGRIBISNIS RUMPUT LAUT DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Fadli Fadli , Pambudy Rachmat , Harianto Harianto
Published: July 2018

Seaweed is a potential commodity to be cultivated in improving people's welfare.
 Seaweed development is the right step in increasing competitive advantage to the comparative advantage owned by east lombok regency. Increasing the competitiveness of seaweed is not only focused on improving the competitiveness of its products, but the most important is the effort in improving the competitiveness of seaweed farmers in the village of Seriwe East Lombok regency. The purpose of this reseach are (1) to analyze and measure the competitiveness of seaweed in East Lombok Regency; (2) to analyze the impact government policy on improving seaweed competitiveness in East Lombok Regency; and (3) to analyze the sensitivity price change of the input and output on seaweed competitiveness in East Lombok Regency. The study was designed as a descriptive survey which includes qualitative and quantitative data. Analisis tools in this study is Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Based on the results of PAM analysis, seaweed have competitiveness when cultivate seaweed through raft systems, basic offshore systems, and longline systems.
Desain Sistem Kompensasi Gaji Pokok Berbasis Person Value pada Perusahaan Agroindustri
Authors: Denni Alex , Jamaran Irawadi , Hermawan Aji , Arkeman Yandra
Published: July 2018

The oobjective of this research is to design Base Pay Compensation System that based on Person Value in order to increase internal equity within a company. Person Value determined by short of competencies possessed by a job holder that relevant to the job competency model. Through this research, each and every managerial jobs under general manager completed by a competency model defined by a panel of expert. The expert panel also determines relative value of each competency based on its importance role in supporting the company achieving the goals. Person Value of job holders was calculated based on their available competency indicated through a multi-rater approach. Finally base pay of every job holders was calculated by redistributing current company budget proportionally based on their person value. The result of this research validated through a face validity method conducted by senior management team as key stake holders of the company.
A First Glance at the Pakistan Age Distribution
Authors: Krotki Karol J.
Published: July 2018

What follows is not only a summary of first impressions, but
it is also limited to Pakistan as a whole, i.e., inter-regional
differentials are not inves¬tigated. Furthermore, the following comments
are limited to the youngest ages. In particular, no discussion is
offered of the age distribution at the oldest ages. In any case the
latter is partly a freak of the peculiar assumption on which it is
drawn, namely, that nobody in Pakistan lives beyond the age of eighty.
These are very severe limitations and in part what follows is more in
the nature of advance notice of research to be undertaken than it is a
report on substantive findings. Nevertheless, the initial impressions
are of a startling enough nature to justify disclosure at this stage,
but on the distinct understanding that they may on further inquiry prove
illusory. The observations of this note are based on the simple fact
that the population of any area at any time is a function of fertility,
mortality and migration prevailing in the past. There are two ways in
which these three influences show themselves: on the age distribution
and the rate of growth. In a way, it may be more helpful to say that age
distribution and growth are the other side of the same thing, namely,
the combined product of fertility, mortality and migration. In fact,
this is such a wide and all-em¬bracing statement that it may seem almost
meaningless. However, relatively recent developments in demographic
theory furnish powerful tools for analysis of age distribution and
growth. Evidence of growth, such as it is, is not considered in this
note. As already indicated, the discussion is limited to age
distribution.
A Measure of Inflation in Pakistan
Authors: S. U. Khan
Published: July 2018

Although a number of series on wholesale and retail prices are being published by the Central Statistical Office and other organizations, there is no general price index to measure annual price changes in the country. The price indices (composed of more than one commodity) presently available in Pakistan are cost of living indices of limited coverage. This mono¬graph presents an annual wholesale price index for the purpose of measuring the extent of inflationary pressure in Pakistan. The index is computed for the East and West wings separately and for the whole of Pakistan. It dates from 1951-52 through 1959-60 (July-June), with 1951-52 as the base year. Owing to lack of data, it was not possible to carry the index back to Partition, while the need for accuracy precluded the construction of the index on a quarterly or monthly basis. The choice of 1951-52 as the base year is inevitable if the special conditions of the Korean Boom, its aftermath and the Plan period are to be avoided. Moreover, 1951-52 was a year of fewer controls, and prices in that year did not differ much from the preceding two years.
A Measure of Economic Growth in East and in West Pakistan
Authors: Khan S. U.
Published: July 2018

It is sometimes said that "national planning will simply have
no meaning if it completely ignores the economic disparities between the
two wings and fails to evolve a sensible pattern of regional planning"2.
The lack of much essential data on a regional basis, however, renders
any precise estimate of the relative growth rates almost impossible.
Data either are not available or are inadequate on such important
variables as production, income, consumption and trade, so that even a
correct evaluation of past development efforts is not possible. The
implications of such a situation for future planning are not difficult
to understand. In this article an attempt is made to estimate the
absorption of specified commodities in East and West Pakistan
separately3. This will indicate the pattern of consumption and also give
a rough idea about the growth rate of the two wings. With this purpose
in view, quantity indices of absorption are prepared for each wing
separately, taking data on availability of goods and prices from the
Institute's monograph on Inflation. The quantity indi¬ces, however, are
not of course strictly comparable with national income estimates because
of the difference in coverage of the two series. National income data
include government, services, trade, etc., while the quantity indices
cover only specified goods available for each region.
Government of Pakistan Budget, 1961-62 (Budget Estimates for
1961-62) - Notes and Documents
Authors: Estimates for 1961-62 Budget
Published: July 2018

On the basis of existing taxation, Revenue Receipts for
1961-62 are placed at Rs. 215.53 crores. With Revenue Expenditure at Rs.
191.90 crores, the surplus amounts to Rs. 23.63 crores. The Revenue
Receipts for 1961-62 show an increase of Rs. 18.79 crores over the
Revised Revenue Estimates for 1960-61. With respect to Revenue
Expenditure there was also an increase of Rs. 17.69 crores. The surplus
on Revenue Budget for 1961-62 is expected to be higher by Rs. 1.10
crores than for 1960-61. The estimates of Capital Expenditure for
1961-62 total to Rs. 229.94 crores which reflects a rise of Rs. 26.08
crores over 1960-61 (Revised Estimates). In the Revenue Budget, the
anticipated increase from Rs. 196.74 crores in 1960-61 to Rs. 215.53
crores in 1961-62 was expected to emerge chiefly from Customs, Central
Excise Duties, and Interest Receipts. Collections under Customs Duties
are expected to increase by Rs. 6.95 crores from Rs. 53.45 crores to Rs.
60.40 crores, under Central Excise Duties, by Rs. 1.36 crores from Rs.
32.33 crores to Rs. 34.07 crores and under Interest Receipts, by Rs.
4.05 crcres from Rs. 8.89 crores to Rs. 12.94 crores. On the Expenditure
side, the increase from Rs. 174.21 crores to Rs. 191.90 crores is
largely accounted for by Non-Development Expenditure on Debt Service and
Frontier Regions. A small increase of Rs. 1.76 crores is also estimated
in the field of Agriculture under Development Expenditure.
Unlimited Supply of Labour and the Concept of Balanced
Growth
Authors: C. H. Fei John , Ranis Gustav
Published: July 2018

It is the purpose of this paper to construct an economic model
which, we hope, will serve as a point of departure for the study of
certain key policy issues in the long-run economic development of less
developed countries like Pakistan. As we see it, the key issue of
developmental policy centres about the question of balanced growth of
the two main sectors: the industrial sector and the agricultural sector.
The identification of this as the key issue is not at variance with the
Pakistan Government's official position which aims at a "substantial
increase in industrial production" over the next five years, while, at
the same time, attaching the "highest priority to increasing
agricultural production".1 In view of this dual aim, a consistent
theore¬tical framework is needed to facilitate rational planning by
pointing up the various facets of the balanced growth
problem.
The Dangers of Monetary Policy in Agrarian Economies
Authors: Porter Richard C.
Published: July 2018

The central banks of underdeveloped economies are frequently
ad¬monished for their apparently permissive attitude toward inflation.
Where large government deficits are financed by the creation of
ever-larger money balances in the economy, this criticism is quite apt.
But the strictures often extend to those central banks which, in a
situation where prices have already risen for reasons beyond their
control,1 are reluctant to refuse the accom¬modating expansion of the
money supply. With the argument that the central bank can force prices
back to their previous levels merely by insisting that the money supply
does not increase, central bankers and their supporters have seldom
disagreed. They justify permissive after-the-fact monetary expansions on
the grounds that driving the price level back down would have
unfortunate side effects.2
Towards the phonetic basis of spoken second language assessment: temporal features as indicators of perceived proficiency level
Authors: Kallio Heini , Šimko Juraj , Huhta Ari , Karhila Reima , Vainio Martti , Lindroos Erik , Hildén Raili , Kurimo Mikko
Published: July 2018

This study investigates whether temporal features in speech can predict the perceived proficiency level in Finnish learners of Swedish. In so doing, seven expert raters assessed speech samples produced by upper secondary school students using the revised CEFR scale for phonological control. The effect of temporal features was studied with a cumulative link mixed model, and the assessments were further analyzed to study inter-rater variation. The results indicate that articulation rate and certain types of disfluencies in speech can predict the perceived proficiency level. Furthermore, assessors seem to weigh temporal features differently depending on the speech type and their individual focus.
L1 listeners’ perception of L2 pronunciation: effect of prosody on accentedness ratings in Swedish
Authors: Kuronen Mikko , Tergujeff Elina
Published: July 2018

This paper reports on a study in which L1 speakers (n = 53) of Swedish rated the accentedness of read-aloud sentences produced by L2 speakers (n = 6) of Swedish. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of certain prosodic features on the accentedness ratings. These features include Swedish tone accents and and deviant speech rhythm (e.g. lack of primary stress, and realization of multiple stresses). The results reveal that utterances with deviant speech rhythm yielded perceptions of stronger foreign accent than utterances with target-like rhythm. As for the tone accents, their effect on the scores were non-existent or only marginal. As missing tone accents have been previously found not to compromise intelligibility, the results of the present study reinforce the conclusion according to which emphasis in teaching should be put on prosodic features other than tone accents, especially rhythm.
Neke nove refleksije o građansko-trgovačkim specifičnostima novčanih obveza
Authors: Radolović Aldo , Radolović Oliver
Published: July 2018

Novčane obveze posebno su atraktivna pravna kategorija u građanskom i
trgovačkom pravu. U ugovorima o kreditu, napose u ugovoru o potrošačkom kreditu
to dolazi do posebnog izražaja. Novac ima, međutim, isključivo funkciju
vrijednosti i irelevantno je u kojoj će valuti ugovorne strane to izraziti. Pad
te vrijednosti zahtijeva potrebu “usklađivanja” koja se vrši na više načina.
Vjerovnik nema pravo dobiti natrag veću glavnicu nego što ju je dao, ali ima
pravo održati njenu realnu vrijednost. Isto pravo, dakako, ima i dužnik kada
novčana kretanja idu prema vjerovniku, tj. kada novac aprecira
Neka pitanja problematike razumnog roka u stečajnom
postupku
Authors: Grbić Sanja , Bodul Dejan
Published: July 2018

Aldo Radović još je 2008. u radu
“Zaštita prava na suđenje u razumnom roku - Realna mogućnost, (pre)skupa
avantura ili utopija?” naznačio u prvoj rečenici kako se radi o jednoj “od
najvažnijih i najzanimljivijih pravnih tema”. Deset godina poslije, problematika
razumnog roka još se uvijek nalazi na samom vrhu liste pravno-političkih
prioriteta reforme pravosuđa. U radu se analiziraju dvije teme koje su
argumentacijom povezane u jedinstvenu cjelinu. Naime, ako predmet nije riješen
u roku koji je odredio predsjednik suda na temelju osnovanosti zahtjeva za
zaštitu prava na suđenje u razumnom roku, neposredno višem sudu

može se podnijeti zahtjev za isplatu primjerene naknade zbog povrede prava na
suđenje u razumnom roku. S druge strane, Europski sud za ljudska prava naznačio
je kako je primjenjivost članka 6., stavka 1. Europske konvencije za zaštitu
ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda, dakle i standarda razumnog roka, na
stečajni postupak neupitna. U navedenom kontekstu autori preispituju hoće li
višegodišnje trajanje stečajnog postupka za radnika rezultirati povredom prava
na suđenje u razumnom roku odnosno pravom na isplatu primjerene naknade zbog

povrede trajanja razumnog roka stečajnog postupka. Iako su na raspolaganju
različiti metodološki pristupi za izučavanje ovoga složenog pitanja, autori su
analizirali praksu Europskog suda za ljudska prava u postupcima uz članak
6.

(Pravo na pošteno suđenje) jer polaze od pretpostavke da saznanja o ovome

mogu biti ključna za razumijevanje problematike rada.
Pravno uređenje odnosa članova u zatvorenim (closely held) društvima na primjeru
hrvatskog društva s ograničenom odgovornošću
Authors: Čulinović-Herc Edita , Marinac Rumora Sonja , Braut Filipović Mihaela
Published: July 2018

This article analysis regulation of legal relationship between shareholders in closely held company. Authors define “closely held companies” by functional approach, analyzing specific features which distinguish this type of companies from all other companies, regardless of their legal form. Available data suggests there are a significant number of these companies in Croatia and abroad. There are two basic corporate governance challenges in closely held company concerning the shareholders relations: potential abuse of its position by the majority shareholder, especially when majority shareholder acts as manager and the so-called “deadlock” when shareholders cannot reach agreement on any decision necessary for normal functioning of the company. Personal relations between the shareholders are in the core of these corporate governance issues. The Croatian private limited liability company is a model of closely held company in Croatia. Thus, this article analysis the withdrawal and exclusion of shareholders in Croatian court practice and its significance for solving the conflicts between shareholders in order to preserve the company. Authors advocate for more extensive use of the right to autonomously regulate the relationships between the shareholders in closely held companies. In that regard, authors suggest to use articles of association for more precise regulation of shareholders relationship, to set higher quorum when deciding important decisions in shareholders’ meeting which would empower the minority shareholders, to leave the important decisions on governing the company in the scope of the shareholders’ meeting and other. Also, authors consider that formation of supervisory body could contribute to achieve balance between the shareholders, especially between the majority and minority shareholders. Set of recommendations set in corporate governance codes could be of great use when drafting the articles of association. In that regard, authors call for de lege ferenda implementation of such a code, following the established practice on the comparative level
Documento orientador da ABENO para qualidade dos cursos de graduação em Odontologia
Authors: Morita Maria Celeste , Scavuzzi Ana Isabel Fonseca , Carcereri Daniela Lemos , Fontanella Vania Regina Camargo
Published: July 2018

(...) Nos últimos anos, ocorreu um aumento exponencial do número de cursos de graduação em Odontologia no Brasil, tornaram-se mais evidentes as fragilidades que o SINAES apresenta para identificar a qualidade da oferta e expansão desses cursos. Nessa perspectiva a ABENO, consciente de seu papel e missão de promover a qualidade da educação odontológica, apresenta esse documento para orientar as IES e avaliadores de cursos de graduação em Odontologia, subsidiar a construção de relatórios, e em última instância transferir para a sociedade sua expertise construída ao longo de mais de sessenta anos de experiência no ensino odontológico.
Toplumsal Şeytan Üçgeni: İktidar, Hegemonya ve Propaganda
Authors: BİBER Ayhan , TURANCI Eda
Published: July 2018

Yönetim olgusunun ortaya çıktığı, iktidar ilişkilerinin yaşandığı her yerde rızanın, toplumsalmeşruiyetin nasıl elde edileceği, hegemonyanın nasıl sağlanacağı, iktidar alanın nasılgenişletileceği temel bir sorundur. Otoriter toplumlarda baskı ve şiddet, iktidarın varlığı ve devamıaçısından önemli bir araç olma vasfını tarihsel süreç içerisinde uzun süre korumuştur. Ancak,çoğulcu anlayışın geliştiği, demokratik kazanımların görece arttığı günümüz toplumlarındaiktidarların daha çok ideolojik araçlara gereksinim duymaya başladığı görülmüştür. Totaliteryönetimlerin varlıklarını, baskı ve şiddete dayalı bir anlayışla sürdürebilmeleri mümkün iken;demokratik toplumlarda baskıya karşı gösterilen direnç, yönetimin otorite kurma tarzınıdeğiştirmekte ve yumuşatmaktadır. Bu bağlamda; mevcut iktidara rıza gösterme olaraktanımlanan hegemonyanın kurulması açısından bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri sayesinde sürdürülenaçık ve örtülü propaganda faaliyetleri büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Отдаленные последствия радиационных аварий для мышевидных грызунов в зоне отчуждения Чернобыльской АЭС
Authors: Кудяшева А. Г. , Башлыкова Л. А. , Гудков И. Н.
Published: July 2018

В отдаленный период (более чем через два десятилетия) на территории зоны отчужденияЧАЭС произошли изменения как радиационной, так и экологической обстановки. Уровень внешнего g-излучения особенно явно уменьшился на участках с сильным и средним уровнем загрязнения. Впервые проведено прижизненное измерение содержания g-, b-активности радионуклидов 137Cs и 90Sr в организме мышевидных грызунов. Получены индивидуальные данные загрязненности радионуклидами по каждому модельному животному на участках с разным уровнем радиоактивного загрязнения спустя 21 год после аварии. Обнаружена высокая изменчивость накопления 137Cs и 90Sr в организме разных видов мышевидных грызунов, что обусловлено комплексом причин. Сравнительный анализ биохимических и цитогенетических показателей выявил более устойчивое состояние организма мышевидных грызунов по совокупности происходящих в разных системах организма процессов повреждения и восстановления. Это связано со снижением пресса радиационного фактора и других антропогенных воздействий.
Postexercise Hemodynamics in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Effect of Exercise Intensity and Duration
Authors: Pellinger Thomas K. , Pearce Catherine B. , Simmons Grant H. , Snitzer Jack L.
Published: July 2018

Background: For individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the hemodynamic response to regular exercise is critical for regulating blood glucose, protecting vascular function, and reducing cardiovascular disease risk, but the hemodynamic responses to differing doses of acute exercise in T2D are unclear. We aimed to compare postexercise (PE) hemodynamics in patients with T2D in response to 4 doses of dynamic exercise.

Methods: Eight subjects with well-controlled T2D (42–64 years old.; hemoglobin A1c: 6.6% ± 0.9%) participated in 4 study days, during which they exercised on a cycle ergometer at 4 different combinations of exercise duration and intensity: 30 min at 40% V˙O2peak (30@40), 30 min at 60% V˙O2peak (30@60), 60 min at 40% V˙O2peak (60@40), and 60 min at 60% V˙O2peak (60@60). Heart rate, arterial pressure, and femoral blood flow (Doppler ultrasound) were measured pre-exercise and every 15 min through 120 min PE. Femoral vascular conductance was calculated as flow/pressure.

Results: Compared with pre-exercise baseline, femoral blood flow and femoral vascular conductance were higher through at least 105 min of recovery in all conditions (all P < .05), except for the 30@40 trial. Compared with the pre-exercise measures, systolic blood pressure was lower through at least 75 min of recovery in all conditions (all P < .05), except for the 30@40 trial.

Conclusion: These results suggest that exercise must be at least moderate in intensity or prolonged in duration (>30 min) to promote sustained PE elevations in skeletal muscle blood flow and reductions in systolic blood pressure in patients with T2D.
Forces Driving Change in the US Exercise Industry Today
Authors: Herbert William G. , Herbert David L.
Published: July 2018

In this commentary three issues for reader consideration are presented which the author believes have a dominant influence on the health fitness industry today - issues that will continue to markedly influence opportunities and performance expectations for practitioners in the years ahead. While several scholarly and opinion articles are cited, this viewpoint is rooted in the principal author's 45-year experience in developing and evaluating clinical exercise services, competency-based certification, related standards and guidelines for professional organizations, and extensive service as an expert witness in exercise injury litigation. While some influencers have been transitory and short-lasting, others have been persistent and likely to have even greater impact in the future.
Vigorous Intensity Exercise Training Improved Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Prediabetic Individual
Authors: Hargens Trent A. , Gilbertson Nicole , Mandelson Joan A. , Edwards Elizabeth S. , Akers Jeremy D. , Wenos David L.
Published: July 2018

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent form of sleep disordered breathing that increases ones risk for numerous chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. A limited number of studies have suggested that exercise training, mostly focusing on light-to-moderate intensities, may positively impact OSA severity and other health outcomes. This case study describes a moderately active man who was diagnosed as pre-diabetic through his physician and found to likely have moderate severity OSA through at-home screening device. He underwent eight of aerobic training at vigorous intensity.