bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EKOGİRİŞİMCİLİK TİPOLOJİSİ OLUŞTURMAYA YÖNELİK KEŞİFSEL BİR İNCELEME
Authors: AKSU Sedef Gülsüm , ÇIRAKLAR Nurcan Hakan
Published: March 2024

Günümüzde ekolojik (doğal) kaynakların, beşeri ihtiyaçlar için kontrolsüzce tüketilmesi çevresel yıkımları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Yeşil ekonomi, çevresel yıkımlardan doğan maliyetleri göz önünde bulunduracak yeni bir modeli önerisi olarak sunulmuştur. Bu noktada ekogirişimler ise, yeşil ekonomiye doğru dönüşümün kilit aktörü olarak görülmektedirler. Ekogirişimcilik kavramı ilk kez 1990’lı yıllarda ortaya çıkarak, araştırmacılara, işletmelerin ekonomik ve çevresel hedeflerini aynı anda değerlendirme imkanı doğmuştur. Ancak 2000'li yıllara gelindiğinde, ilgili yazın oldukça karmaşık hale gelmeye başlamıştır. Çünkü girişimcilik üzerine çalışan araştırmacılar, ilgilerini daha çok ekogirişimcilik tanımı geliştirmeye ve ekogirişimciliği motive edici faktörleri keşfetmeye yöneltmişlerdir. Bu noktada karmaşıklığı azaltmak amacıyla, ekogirişimcilik tipoloji çalışmalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaya başlanmıştır. Ekogirişimcilik tipoloji çalışmalarının birçoğu, teorik ve kavramsal açıdan faydalı olmalarına rağmen, görgül kanıttan yoksun ve statiktir. Bu duruma bağlı olarak, araştırma, işletmelerin ekolojik (doğal) çevreye ilişkin amaçlarının önceliği ile izledikleri stratejilerine bağlı olarak bir ekogirişimcilik tipolojisi geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, İzmir ilinde faaliyet gösteren yeşil yıldız sertifika sahibi 10 otel işletmesiyle yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, 10 ekogirişim, geliştirilen tipoloji üzerinde konumlandırılmıştır.
Le commandement colonial, les migrations de travail et la résistance « indigène » durant la construction du chemin de fer Congo-Océan
Authors: Bouchard David
Published: March 2024

Dans la foulée de la conquête coloniale qui s’accélère à la fin du 19e siècle, la France instaure une administration coloniale dans ses territoires conquis en Afrique avec pour objectif de les "mettre en valeur" sur le plan économique. Elle contraint alors les populations colonisées à s’acquitter d’un impôt de capitation ainsi que des prestations de travail. En Afrique-Équatoriale française, l’administration coloniale française cherche à "redresser" une colonie "pauvre" par l’entremise d’un développement économique d’infrastructures et par la participation de la population. Pour ce faire, l’administration coloniale considère qu’il est primordial de chercher à "réveiller" la colonie, ou du moins la population qui est perçue, injustement, comme paresseuse, nonchalante. Ainsi, les indigènes sont intégrés au labeur manuel par l’entremise des prestations de travail. Aux yeux d’Albert Sarraut, après avoir "réveillé" la population, après l’avoir mis au travail, il est tout autant important de doter l’AEF d’un moyen de communication avec l’extérieur afin de permettre l’évacuation des produits.
Entre espoir, désillusion et révolte : les femmes au temps de la Guinée socialiste et révolutionnaire
Authors: Pelletier Jimy
Published: March 2024

Les années 1960 sont marquées en Afrique par un bouillonnement idéologique stimulé par la décolonisation ainsi qu’une volonté de se départir des vestiges coloniaux afin de construire une nouvelle société. La Guinée, un pays nouvellement souverain depuis 1958, ne fera pas exception. Dirigé par Ahmed Sékou Touré, le pays se dotera d’une idéologie socialiste tout en voulant donner une place importante aux femmes dans le projet de construction d’un nouvel État-nation. Néanmoins, les femmes, mécontentes du régime économique mis en place, se révolteront en août 1977. Parfois effectuée de manière violente, cette révolte gagne Conakry de façon soudaine, ce qui incitera Sékou Touré à adopter une nouvelle série de réformes et d’engagements concernant toutes les sphères de la société, dont l’économie et les femmes.
Position déchirante et paroles coupantes : Sékou Touré, la cinquième colonne et le néocolonialisme
Authors: Laguë William
Published: March 2024

En Afrique, la période de décolonisation prend une nouvelle tournure avec l’arrivée de Charles de Gaulle. Son projet de la Communauté est bien accueilli, à l’exception de quelques pays dont la Guinée. Sékou Touré y voit le néocolonialisme, auquel il dit non. Anticolonialiste dans l’âme, le Guinéen tient à tout prix à la Révolution. Dès l’indépendance en 1958, la France quitte le pays en laissant un désordre administratif et en subtilisant des millions de dollars. Prix à payer pour conserver l’indépendance, Sékou Touré va éviter plusieurs coups d’État et tentatives d’assassinat entre 1958 et 1970, ce qui contribue à sa croyance du complot permanent. Cela dit, l’opération "Mer Verte", le 22 novembre 1970, est l’élément le plus explosif. Orchestré par le Portugal et exécuté à partir de la frontière Guinée-Bissau par des mercenaires et dissidents guinéens, la Guinée est frappée par une violence inattendue ciblant Sékou Touré. Certainement ébranlé, après quelques mois il publie La 5ème Colonne. En quoi l’idée de la cinquième colonne, telle qu’élaborée par Sékou Touré, marque une volonté de défendre la Révolution, ou est-elle symptomatique du complot permanent? Pour répondre à la question, nous regardons la fonction qu’occupe la cinquième colonne dans sa pensée. Nous croyons que son inspiration socialiste transparait dans la manière de construire une esthétique politique justifiant ses futures intentions de répressions. La cinquième colonne s’établit dans sa pensée sous la forme d’une volonté à résister aux impérialismes, en ayant évité plusieurs coups d’État.
L’ethnographie coloniale et la construction de l’Autre : le cas des populations Bayas, Saras et Bandas du territoire colonial de l’Oubangui-Chari
Authors: Lord Thomas
Published: March 2024

Si la France possède déjà quelques comptoirs commerciaux sur le continent africain dès le XVIIe siècle, il faut attendre la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle avant qu’elle ne mette en branle une politique résolument colonialiste. Avec la Conférence de Berlin comme marqueur, le "partage de l’Afrique" systématique et organisé semble de plus en plus concret en 1885. L’Afrique Occidentale Française (AOF), une colonie rassemblant les territoires sous domination française dans l’Ouest africain, est officiellement créée en 1895, et est suivie de près par l’Afrique Équatoriale Française (AEF), fondée en 1910. Ces deux colonies de masse englobent donc l’essentiel des territoires français en Afrique continentale, à l’exception des protectorats du Maroc et de la Tunisie, ainsi que de la colonie de peuplement de l’Algérie.
Les paradigmes de la « mise en valeur » économique et du racisme : objets de controverses germano-anglaises dans le Sud-Ouest africain allemand
Authors: Bessette-Fournier Alexandra
Published: March 2024

La colonisation de l’Afrique au 19e siècle engendre la domination et l’exploitation exacerbées des "indigènes" et de leurs territoires par les grandes puissances européennes. L’Allemagne fait partie des nations à avoir pris possession d’une partie du territoire africain et elle est longtemps pointée du doigt comme une nation particulièrement violente et cruelle envers ses populations colonisées. Bien que l’aventure coloniale allemande ait été brève, celle-ci fut touts aussi unique que banale. Unique, car elle laissa une marque indélébile sur les sociétés qu’elle a affectées par sa brutalité et sa fin abrupte, mais banale puisque celle-ci s’inscrit parfaitement dans l’histoire de la colonisation du territoire africain par les grandes puissances européennes.
La patrimonialisation des ressources naturelles à l’épreuve des enjeux du développement durable au Sénégal
Authors: DIATTA Ismael
Published: March 2024

Le concept de patrimonialisation souvent employé pour qualifier ou pour justifier le droit qu’ont les hommes d’utiliser les ressources offertes par la nature emporte des conséquences. L’utilisation des ressources naturelles sous le prisme du droit des biens appelle dès lors une analyse des conséquences de l’exercice par l’homme des droits tirés de la patrimonialisation de telles ressources. Si leur appropriation est aujourd’hui rendue possible d’une part par la répartition des territoires et d’autre part par la conception large en droit de la notion de bien, cette appropriation doit être encadrée afin de promouvoir le développement durable de la planète. Au Sénégal, la question s’est donc posée de savoir quelles pouvait être les conséquences, sur le développement durable, l’exercice par l’homme des droits tirés de la patrimonialisation des ressources naturelles ? Si des instruments de protection à l’échelle national, régional ou mondial ont pu poser les bases d’un usage humanisé soucieux de la survie des générations futures, il faut se rendre à l’évidence que ces instruments n'ont, jusque-là pas été suffisamment persuasifs ou dissuasifs de comportement fortement néfaste pour l’environnement. Au-delà des mesures décrites, les unes dissuasives et les autres préventives, il serait important de revoir le paradigme de classification, le mode d’appropriation et les conditions d’utilisation des choses issues de la nature. C’est parce que la survie des générations futures en dépend, une requalification de ces biens s’impose. Conséquemment, il se crée un régime juridique propre aux choses naturelles et dont la mise en œuvre permettra de limiter les excès.
La place du masque kumpo en milieu diola de Basse Casamance
Authors: BADJI Abdou
Published: March 2024

Résumé : Le masque kumpo des Diola trouve son origine chez les Baïnounck qui sont leurs voisins en Basse Casamance . Son origine reflète le brassage culturel par l’ouverture des groupes ethniques en Casamance. Le kumpo est une association qui regroupe les garçons et les filles mais aussi, des hommes et des femmes mariés qui les accompagnent. Les garçons constituent les principaux acteurs. Dans beaucoup de villages, il a une relation avec le bukut. Cette association est constituée de masques qui se distinguent par le costume, les chants, le rythme des tambours et la façon de danser. Les fonctions du kumpo sont multiples. Il constitue un vecteur d’identité et de cohésion sociale de la communauté. Il combine l’entraide et le service social. C’est un système d’éducation et d’instruction civique.
De nos jours, le kumpo semble se retrouver dans une situation de dévalorisation et valorisation parce que d’une part, les jeunes garçons ne tiennent plus au respect de la tradition et d’autre part, il (le kumpo) constitue désormais un label culturel que les autorités locales ont pris en compte dans le cadre du développement du secteur touristique.
Le Sahel, une catégorie coloniale française
Authors: AMSELLE Jean-Loup
Published: March 2024

Le Sahel est une catégorie, comme toutes les catégories qui s’appliquent à l’Afrique, ethniques et géographiques entre autres, qui semble aller de soi, être d’une naturalité première. Évoquant les famines et les sécheresses des années 1970, les révoltes et insurrections qui se produisent dans toute cette zone depuis des décennies, le Sahel est vu avant tout comme une « terre dangereuse ». Peut-être en va-t-il ainsi parce qu’il s’agit d’une catégorie instable, hybride, intermédiaire entre le désert et la savane, entre le nomadisme et la sédentarité, entre des populations « blanches », des populations « rouges » (les Peuls) et des populations « noires », entre l’animisme et l’islam. Impossible donc de définir de façon stricte ce qu’il en est du Sahel, de ses limites, de ce qui le caractérise en propre. Il s’agit d’une notion totalement arbitraire qui ne doit son existence qu’à la consolidation que lui ont fait subir un certain nombre de savants coloniaux. D’ailleurs, si le Sahel est un terme d’origine arabe, venu du nord de l’Afrique, il n’existe aucun nom équivalent dans les langues locales du Mali, dans la langue banmana entre autres. Cette catégorie instable, métisse a été vue au cours de l’histoire comme ayant abrité les grands empires du Ghana, du Mali et du Songhay, ces formations politiques servant en quelque sorte de trait d’union entre la forêt et la savane d’une part et le Sahara et le Maghreb d’autre part. Cet axe nord-sud s’adossant à la route commerciale Tombouctou, Djenné, Kong a joué un rôle central dans l’approvisionnement en or de l’Europe avant l’invasion de l’Amérique et ensuite pour l’acheminement des esclaves vers le monde arabo-musulman. Cet axe méridien n’a été rompu que par la conquête française qui lui a substitué, comme on le verra, un zonage longitudinal ouest-est. L’hypothèse de cet article est donc que les problèmes de ce qui forme aujourd’hui le Sahel sont en grande partie le résultat de cette disruption.
Watershed scale soil moisture estimation model using machine learning and remote sensing in a data-scarce context
Authors: Bueno Dueñas Marcelo , Baca García Carlos , Montoya Nilton , Rau Pedro , Loayza Hildo
Published: March 2024

Soil moisture content can be used to predict drought impact on agricultural yield better than precipitation. Remote sensing is viable source of soil moisture data in instrument-scarce areas. However, space-based soil moisture estimates lack suitability for daily and high-resolution agricultural, hydrological, and environmental applications. This study aimed to assess the potential of the random forest machine learning technique to enhance the spatial resolution of remote soil moisture products from the SMAP satellite. Models were built using random forest for spatial downscaling of SMAP-L3-E, then visually and statistically evaluated for disaggregation quality. The impact of topography, soil properties, and precipitation on the downscaled soil moisture was examined. The relationship between downscaled soil moisture and in-situ soil moisture was analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed method demonstrated spatial and hydrological coherence, along with a satisfactory downscaling quality. Statistical validation indicated suitable generalization error for scientific and practical use (RMSE < 0.05 cm3 cm-3). Random forest effectively achieved spatial downscaling of SMAP-L3-E in the study area. Principal component and spatial analysis revealed dependence of downscaled soil moisture on elevation, soil organic carbon content, clay content, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, mainly under near-saturation conditions. Regarding validation against in-situ data, downscaled soil moisture explained in-situ soil moisture well under low soil water content ( = 0.624). Downscaling performance deteriorates for water contents between 0.40 to 0.50 cm3 cm-3, suggesting inadequacy under near saturation conditions at a daily temporal frequency. However, coarser temporal aggregations (7 to 10 days) yielded an average 0.98 correlation coefficient, regardless of saturation conditions. These results could potentially be applied in irrigation planning, soil physics studies and hydrology monitoring, to forecasting the occurrence of droughts, leaching of contaminants, surface runoff modeling, carbon cycle studies, soil's capacity to store and provide nutrients.
Dynamics of growth, sporulation and capture of asexual fungi on Meloidogyne sp., in vitro
Authors: Vera-Morales Marcos , Quevedo Adela , Peñaherrera Sofia , Serrano Lizette , Sosa Daynet , Ratti María F. , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F. , Magdama Freddy
Published: March 2024

Root-knot nematodes are detrimental to agricultural crops and hard to control once established in the field. The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth, sporulation, and capture in vitro of asexual fungi against Meloidogyne sp. Molecular identification of the asexual fungi included in the study was performed by sequencing the ITS1 region of rDNA. The growth and sporulation of Arthrobotrys sp., Dactylellina sp. and Dactylaria sp. was evaluated in five culture media and two types of substrates (rice husks and ground corn). For the evaluation of attraction and capture of the nematodes, second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne sp. All the evaluated fungal isolates grew and sporulated in the culture media and substrates. The fungi Arthrobotrys sp. (C19-1-1) and Dactylellina sp. (C19-48) showed greater effectiveness in attracting and capturing Meloidogyne sp. The evaluated fungal isolates have the potential to colonize different culture media and substrates. In addition, they can form modified and specialized hyphae that control juvenile Meloidogyne sp. nematodes. Therefore, future studies should focus on evaluating fungal isolates against root-knot nematodes under field conditions.
GATA2 mutant variant allele frequency may reflect prognosis in Chinese adult patients with de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ren Huanying , Hong Minglin , Feng Jingyi , Hao Zhuanghui , Chen Xian , Liang Fengting , Wei Wei , Liang Xuelan , Wang Hongwei , Chen Xiuhua
Published: March 2024

Exploration of variant allele frequency (VAF) of GATA2 mutations (GATA2mut) provides insights into acute myeloid leukemia (AML)prognosis. In this study, we analyzed GATA2mut and co-mutations in 166 Chinese patients with cytogenetically normal AML. This was done through targeted next-generation sequencing of 34 genes associated with myeloid leukemia. GATA2mut was identified in 17 (10%) patients being significantly correlated with co-mutations in CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) double mutation (P = 0.001). We observed that the N-terminal zinc finger domain (ZF1) was linked to CEBPA mutations, while the C-terminal zinc finger domain (ZF2) was associated with Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) mutations. It was also noted that patients with GATA2mut had lower platelet counts at diagnosis (P = 0.032). In the entire cohort, GATA2mut had no significant prognostic impact on overall survival (OS) (P = 0.762) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.369) compared to patients with GATA2wt. The OS (P = 0.737) and RFS (P = 0.894) of the ZF1 mutation were similar to those of the ZF2 mutation. Most patients with GATA2 mutations were classified in the ELN2022 favorable- and intermediate-risk groups. GATA2mut patients in the favorable-risk group were divided into GATA2High and GATA2Low groups using a median cutoff variant allele frequency (VAF) of 40.13%. GATA2High patients were associated with worse OS (P = 0.031) and RFS (P = 0.021) than GATA2Low patients. In the intermediate-risk group, the high median VAF of GATA2 (≥38.51%) had no significant effect in OS and RFS compared with the low median VAF (<38.51%). This study offers new insights on the prognosis of GATA2mut in the favorable-risk group, where VAF can be used as a guide.
Synthesis of Bone Meal-derived 4-Carboxyphenylboronic Acid Functionalized Sulfur and Nitrogen Co-doped Graphene Quantum Dots Nanoprobe for Sialic Acid Sensing
Authors: Nangare Sopan N. , Yeole Pratik P. , Khan Zamir G. , Patil Ashwini G. , Sathe Bhushankumar S. , Bari Sanjaykumar B. , Patil Pravin O.
Published: March 2024

Detection of sialic acid using advanced sensors in milk-based products is essential in the food industry. Therefore, the present work reports the sulfur and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots from bone meal functionalized with boronic acid (Boro-S/N-dGQDs) nanoprobe for sialic acid sensing applications. Briefly, S/N-dGQDs were functionalized with 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid to improve performance of fluorescent sensors toward the detection of sialic acid. Here, boronic acid surface decoration on S/N-dGQD was confirmed by several spectral characterizations. The addition of different quantities of sialic acid results in a directly proportionate correlation to fluorescence quenching. It gives a broad linear range of 50 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 6.04 ng/mL. Also, it displayed remarkable selectivity, likely due to interaction of sialic acid-containing 1,2-diol with hydroxyl group of Boro-S/N-dGQDs nanoprobe. Designed sensor demonstrated good stability and reproducibility. Real-time analysis of sialic acid in different milk-based products confirmed practicability of Boro-S/N-dGQDs.
Exposure to Bisphenol-A and Melatonin altered the Expression of Estrogen and Androgen Receptors in Neonatal Female rats v1
Authors: Risikat Kadir Eniola
Published: March 2024

This protocol details about grouping and breeding of animals, sample collection and processing, hormonal assay, biochemical assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction procedure.
Exp_02 v1
Authors: Eduardo De la Cruz Luna José
Published: March 2024

Creacionde l segundo experimento
Exp_01 v1
Authors: Eduardo De la Cruz Luna José
Published: March 2024

Creacion del primer experimento
QOL-DIS: A New Assessment in Analysing the Quality of Life of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Alias Abd Aziz , Aminuddin Jafry Nurul Hanis , Jani Rohana , Wong Mikkay Ei Leen
Published: March 2024

Accessing and monitoring the quality of life (QoL) of persons with disabilities (PWDs) is crucial in improving their QoL. Therefore, a reliable instrument is needed for that purpose. PWDs globally demand to get involved with anything related to their affairs, as stated in the movement slogan, “Nothing about us, without us”. The WHOQOL-DIS is the instrument developed by WHO and is used widely to assess the QoL of PWDs. However, the computation method is based on the unweighted score. Hence, this study proposes an approach to assess QoL using an index based on a weighted score, which allows the PWDs to rate each item according to their expectation or level of importance. An index approach is based on the total of the cognitive and emotional reactions or experiences compared with the expectations. Robust tests, namely correlation analysis, and uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, were conducted to check the robustness of the index approach. The findings showed that an index approach is reliable in the WHOQOL-DIS instrument to assess the QoL of PWDs. Nevertheless, the QoL score between the index approach and the initial method only shows significant differences in the environment and discrimination domain. Besides, this study also suggests having a ten-point Likert scale instead of a five-point Likert scale when assessing the QoL of PWDs using an index approach.
Possibilities for using the Vimedix 3.2 virtual simulator to train ultrasound specialists
Authors: Vasilev Valeri А. , Kondrichina Svetlana N.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: In recent years, it has been critical to modify training methods and programs in numerous areas, including ultrasound diagnosis, with the use of various virtual and simulation devices. Because practical experience with employing such technologies in the teaching process is limited, there are few original studies on the subject in Russian and foreign literature.
AIM: To determine the possibilities and algorithms for using a virtual ultrasound simulator to train ultrasound specialists based on the results of related work, as well as to assess the benefits and drawbacks of simulators in comparison to conventional teaching methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of using the Vimedix 3.2 virtual simulator in the teaching process were analyzed. Simulations of abdominal ultrasound, transthoracic echocardiography, and triplex scanning of major vessels were performed. The study included 26 residents specializing in ultrasound diagnosis and 37 physicians undergoing professional retraining courses.
RESULTS: Using a virtual simulator during the initial stage of training helps eliminate many of the challenges that residents and trainees encounter in clinical practice. The use of a simulator during testing appears to be less beneficial than during a practical examination employing ultrasound scanners and real patients.
CONCLUSION: The use of a simulator at the initial stage is advisable to get familiar with this research methodology. It is recommended to develop and use additional teaching materials and programs in training. The advantages of the virtual simulator include ease of use during the initial stages of training, a steep learning curve, and the availability of an extensive database of pathological cases. The identified noncritical shortcomings require correction during further training in the clinic.
Machine-learning and artificial neural network technologies in the classification of postkeratotomic corneal deformity
Authors: Tsyrenzhapova Ekaterina K. , Rozanova Olga I. , Iureva Tatiana N. , Ivanov Andrey A. , Rozanov Ivan S.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: A thorough analysis of both optical and anatomical properties of the cornea in patients after anterior radial keratotomy is important in choosing the optical power of an intraocular lens in the surgical treatment of cataracts and other types of optical correction. Improving the classification of postkeratotomic corneal deformity is crucial in modern ophthalmology due to its diverse clinical presentation.
AIM: To develop an automated classification system for postkeratotomic corneal deformity using machine learning and artificial neural networks based on the analysis of topographic maps of the cornea.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Depersonalized data from medical records of 250 patients aged 46–76 (mean, 59.63±5.95) years were analyzed. Moreover, 500 topographic maps of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea were analyzed, and three stages of machine learning for postkeratotomic corneal deformity classification were performed.
RESULTS: Stage I, which involved topography analysis of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea, allowed for the measurement of anterior and posterior corneal elevation in three ring-shaped zones. At stage II, a direct distribution neural network was selected and created during deep machine learning. Eight auxiliary parameters describing the shape of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea were established. In Stage III, classification algorithms for postkeratotomic corneal deformity were developed based on the test-to-training sample ratio, which ranged from 75% to 91%.
CONCLUSION: The proposed artificial neural network classifies postkeratotomic corneal deformity types with an accuracy of 91%. The potential for further improving the training quality of this artificial neural network has been established. Neural network algorithms can become a useful tool for the automatic classification of postkeratotomic corneal deformity in patients after radial keratotomy.
Epistemic status of artificial intelligence in medical practice: Ethical challenges
Authors: Baeva Angelina V.
Published: March 2024

Advances in artificial intelligence have raised controversy in modern scientific research regarding the objectivity, plausibility, and reliability of knowledge, and whether these technologies will replace the expert figure as the authority that has so far served as a guarantor of objectivity and the center of decision-making. In their book on the history of scientific objectivity, modern historians of science L. Duston and P. Galison discuss the interchangeability of “epistemic virtues,” which now include objectivity. Moreover, selecting one or another virtue governing the scientific self, i.e., serving as a normative principle for a scientist when adopting a perspective or scientific practice, depends on making decisions in difficult cases that require will and self-restriction. In this sense, epistemology and ethics are intertwined: a scientist, guided by certain moral principles, prefers one or another course of action, such as choosing not a more accurate hand-drawn image but an unretouched photograph, perhaps fuzzy, but obtained mechanically, which means it is more objective and free of subjectivity. In this regard, the epistemic standing of modern artificial intelligence technologies, which increasingly perform the functions of the scientific self, including influencing ultimate decision-making and obtaining objective knowledge, is intriguing. For example, in medicine, robotic devices considerable support and are assigned some of the responsibilities of a primary care physician, such as collecting and analyzing standardized patient data and diagnosis. It is expected that artificial intelligence will take on more tasks such as data processing, development of new drugs and treatment methods, and remote interaction with patients. It remains to be seen whether this implies that the scientific self can be replaced by artificial intelligence algorithms and another epistemic virtue will replace objectivity, thus breaking the link between ethics and epistemology.
Study of the effect of phosphorylated carboxylic acids new derivatives on the main behavioral disorders in rats in the valproate model of autism
Authors: Nikitina Anastasiya V. , Semina Irina I. , Nikitin Dmitry O. , Vivolanec Anastasia A. , Akhmedieva Diana V.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing frequency of autism in the population, the complexity of behavioral symptoms, and the need for long-term therapy, it is important to find new safe drugs for the correction of behavioral disorders.
AIM: Studying the possibility of correcting behavioral changes characteristic of autism in rats in the valproate model of autism using new derivatives of phosphorylated carboxylic acids.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The possibility of correcting behavioral disorders in male and female rats in the valproate model of autism was studied with intraperitoneal administration (7 days) of new derivatives from the group of phosphorylated acetohydrazides (B2, C5) and thiosemicarbazide (T8) in doses of 1/100 LD50 on behavioral tests “Elevated Plus Maze”, “Burying Balls”, “Extended Open Field”. Statistical processing was carried out in the GraphPad prism 8.0.1 program using Student's t-test.
RESULTS: It was found that the most pronounced anxiolytic effect on rats with autism was exerted by the compound 2-[(diphenylphosphoryl)acetyl]-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide (T8), increasing by 4.8 times (p=0.033) in females and 4.4 times (p=0.036) in males, the time they spent in open arms in the “Elevated Plus Maze” test. The corrective effect on social behavior in rats with autism was most noted for T8 and B2 [2-ethoxy-2-oxoethanammonium salt (2-ethoxy-2-oxotyl) phenylphosphinic acid], which was characterized by an increase in the time spent with a social object (unfamiliar rat) 6.4 times (p=0.04) and 5.2 times (p=0.039), respectively, in the “Extended open field” method. When assessing the behavior of rats in the valproate model of autism in the “Burying Balls” test, it was found that the use of B2, T8 and C5 reduced the level of stereotypy, reducing the number of buried balls by 1.7 times (p=0.009), 1.5 times (p=0.046 ) and 1.7 times (p=0.011), respectively, compared to rats in the valproate model of autism without treatment.
CONCLUSION: Derivatives of phosphorylated acetohydrazides and thiosemicarbazide have an anxiolytic effect, correct disturbances in social behavior and reduce the severity of stereotypic behavior in rats in the valproate model of autism.
The MAPH Score Predicts Coronary Slow Flow. A Retrospective Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Kaplangoray Mustafa , Toprak Kenan , Aydın Cihan , Cekici Yusuf , Yıldırım Arafat , Ozcan Abacıoglu Ozge
Published: March 2024

Aim. The MAPH score is a new score that combines mean platelet volume (MPV), hematocrit, and total protein, which are markers of whole blood viscosity (WBV). We aimed to investigate the relationship between the MAPH score and the coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSF).

Material and methods. A total of 201 patients were included in the study. 105 had CSF and 96 had normal coronary flow (NCF). Coronary flow was measured by the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count (TFC) method. The patients’ MPV, age, hematocrit, and total protein were recorded. High (HSR) and low shear rates (LSR) were calculated, based on total protein and hematocrit values. Cut-off values for CSF were determined using the Youden’s index, and the score was determined as 0 or 1 according to the cut-off values. The sum of these scores was the MAPH score.

Results. The mean age of the patients included in the study was 51.1±7.9 (n=201, 54.2 % male). Hyperlipidemia, DM, and HT rates of both groups were similar, but the mean age of the CSF group was higher (p=0.773; p=0.549; p=0.848; p <0.001, respectively). Total protein, MPV, hematocrit, HSR and LSR were higher in the CSF group (p< 0.001, for all values). Comparative receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the performance of the MAPH score in predicting CSF is better than the performance of these parameters separately.

Conclusion. A new score, the MAPH score, may be used to identify the presence of CSF.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction Using 2D/3D Strain Echocardiography in Healthy People
Authors: Gerede Uludag Demet Menekse , Aydogan Berna Imge , Tan Türkan Seda , Acıbuca Aynur , Turan Nazlı , Emral Rıfat , Dincer Irem , Erol Cetin
Published: March 2024

Aim. Vitamin D deficiency has a high prevalence in the population and is highly associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate subclinical left ventricular (LV) function using strain analysis in healthy individuals with vitamin D deficiency.

Material and methods. 113 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study (age, 44.1±7 yrs, 34 male). All volunteers underwent two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography after conventional echocardiographic evaluation. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their vitamin D concentrations. 61 subjects with vitamin D less than 20 ng / ml were included in the vitamin D deficiency group. The baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory measurements, echocardiographic data, including 2D and 3D global longitudinal strain (GLS) values, were compared between the groups.

Results. The 2D GLS values of the subjects with vitamin D deficiency were lower (mathematically less negative) than subjects with normal vitamin D (–16.1±3.4 vs –19.3±4.2, p<0.001). Similarly, the 3D GLS results were lower in subjects with vitamin D deficiency (–18.3±5.2 vs –24.1±6.9, p<0.001). A significant correlation was detected between the vitamin D concentrations and the 2D and 3D GLS measurements. (r=0.765 and r=0.628, respectively, p<0.001). Vitamin D was found to be an independent predictor of impaired 2D and 3D LV GLS (p=0.031, p=0.023, respectively).

Conclusion. Subclinical LV dysfunction in healthy individuals with vitamin D deficiency was demonstrated by 3D and 2D strain analysis. Due to potential negative effects of vitamin D deficiency on cardiac function, more attention should be paid to healthy individuals with vitamin D deficiency.
Gender Disparities in Valuing Remote and Hybrid Work in Latin America
Authors: Díaz Escobar Ana María , Salas Bahamón Luz Magdalena , Piras Claudia , Suaya Agustina
Published: March 2024

This study sheds light on the growing trend and gender dynamics of workplace flexibility in Latin America, underscoring the importance of remote work options in the regions labor market. We explore gender differences in willingness to pay (WTP) for remote work arrangements in Latin America, using a discrete choice experiment across five countries: Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Chile, and Argentina. Results reveals a general trend among Latin American workers to trade off some wage in exchange for more remote work options, both fully and partially remote, in two male-dominated occupations: Manufacturing and information technology. On average, participants agreed to sacrifice around 10% of their wage for hybrid jobs (80% remote, 20% on-site). The WTP for fully remote work was slightly lower, at about 6% of the wage. Women exhibit a higher WTP for flexibility compared to men, with a 62.5% higher willingness across estimates for hybrid arrangements. Moreover, women's inclination towards fully remote options was distinct, as they showed a positive WTP (up to 10% of their salary) for such arrangements, whereas men exhibited no willingness to reduce their wages for fully remote roles.
Seguros obligatorios vehiculares y seguridad vial: comportamiento de la flota vehicular en LAC para 2021, su nivel de aseguramiento y la visión de los usuarios sobre ellos
Authors: Gaviria Fajardo Ricardo , Café Eduardo
Published: March 2024

La implementación de seguros obligatorios vehiculares favorece la seguridad vial en todos los frentes de trabajo. Además de la introducción de incentivos de buen comportamiento a los propietarios de vehículos, estos seguros permiten el fortalecimiento de las instituciones responsables de programas de seguridad vial mediante la provisión de recursos y data de calidad. Más destacable aún, aportan en la atención post-crash mediante el pago de indemnizaciones y compensaciones para la atención de víctimas de siniestros viales. Así, los recursos dirigidos a los centros de salud se consolidan como un aporte fundamental al fortalecimiento de la capacidad médica instalada y como tal en mejores condiciones para la atención de las víctimas. A pesar de tener un nivel inferior de motorización que otros territorios, América Latina registra tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad muy superior. Aún así, todavía se evidencian países que no aprovechan los elementos virtuosos del contrato del seguro como elemento de la seguridad vial. Para aquellos donde existe, se evidencian oportunidades de mejora. Este documento presenta un comparativo regional de la composición de la flota vehicular, la situación actual de aseguramiento vehicular y los retos vigentes de los seguros obligatorios vehiculares. Así mismo, por primera vez entrega la visión de usuarios (propietarios de vehículos, víctimas y pobliación en general) relativos a seguridad vial y seguros obligatorios, a fin de documentar creencias y percepciones asociadas a riesgo, seguros y seguridad vial. En general los usuarios entienden la importancia de los seguros y comparten mayoritariamente su existencia, pero desconocen su verdadero alcance. El precio del seguro es uno de los elementos críticos, pero a su vez es consecuencia directa de los siniestros de tránsito. Mejorar el sistema de seguros vehiculares e introducir elementos disruptivos puede apoyar el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Para ello, es necesario la construcción colaborativa que recoja visiones y preocupación de todos los actores interesados.
Logical ontological modeling of cargo port risk management
Authors: Bondareva Irina O.
Published: March 2024

Enterprises in any field, including those in the transport and logistics sector, are faced with the need to gain a competitive advantage through the use of innovative management methods. These include the integrated use of methods for managing organizational systems along with the use of advanced tools and technologies. Particular attention is paid to risk management in order to prevent undesirable situations. This paper is the first to present a description of a logical ontological model for the integrated application of multi-level goal setting based on a balanced scorecard (BSC) and logical probabilistic (LP) modeling to support decision-making on cargo port risk management. Situations of failure to achieve the goals of the cargo port, including failure to achieve standard values of indicators, are considered as risks. The integrated use of BSC and LP modeling technologies made it possible to build a general concept of multi-level goal setting. Its main advantage lies in the detailed elaboration of the company’s goals, which are subordinated to the main strategic goal. This makes it possible to influence operational events and obtain positive results in tactical and strategic plans. The ontological model contains all the information about the components interaction that influence the risk events and makes it possible to select options for exiting a risk situation in accordance with specified conditions. The results of queries to a risk-oriented ontological model are options for management decisions aimed at reducing risks in the operation of a cargo port.
Ontology for designing situational digital twins of industrial-natural complexes for modeling their structural safety
Authors: Fridman Alexander Ya.
Published: March 2024

The article proposes an ontology of designing specialized digital twins of spatially distributed components of industrial-natural complexes (INC) based on the theory and intellectualized situational modeling system previously developed by the author. The ontology makes it possible to study the interaction of non-stationary INCs in normal operating modes and in the event of abnormal or emergency situations. The distinguishing feature of the accomplished development lies in the possibility of the preventive security analytics for the INC integration into existing infrastructures and provides a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of proposed measures to prevent failures of INC components, including early detection of dependent (complex, cascading) failures. In order to increase the flexibility of modeling newly created INCs, the concept of structural security is presented, which generalizes ways to take into account various known aspects of security. The relevance of this task is determined by the growth in the number and power supply of INCs in the modern world, the complication of their interactions and the corresponding increase in the possibility of the most dangerous dependent failures, as well as the growth in the volume of data available for analysis as a result of the rapid development of the Internet of Things. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in the comprehensive application of expert knowledge at all stages of modeling in a cause-and-effect paradigm in order to synthesize preferred options for implementing INC structures.
Systems and ontological analyses: similarities and differences be-tween the concepts
Authors: Borgest Nikolay M.
Published: March 2024

Terms, concepts and their content are not only the foundations of public communications, the keys to mutual understanding, knowledge transfer and cognition, but also fundamental elements in the construction of computer ontologies for artificial intelligence systems. The evolution of knowledge in subject areas leads, as a consequence, to the evolution of language, which is forced to change, borrowing words from other areas, expanding their meanings. The concept of systems analysis has a broad interpretation and is actively used in various fields of activity (science, economics, design, engineering, etc.), going deeper and adapting to specific subject and subject areas. The concepts related to system analysis (system, subject area, problem area, etc.) are also evolving. Systems analysis focuses on the relationships between elements of a system and determining its structure and functions; it includes various modeling and optimization methods and is used to solve specific problems and problems. Ontological analysis is associated with the study and description of objects, events, processes and relationships in the subject area, of which the system (or systems) may be a part; describes the structure and properties of the elements that make up the system and the relationships between them; used to create a formal description of a system and provide a general understanding of its components. The result of ontological analysis can be the basis for systems analysis or a part of it. Systems and ontological analyses are aimed at understand complex systems and their components and can be used together. The difference between these concepts is largely determined by the content of the field of study concepts, its boundaries, the object of research as a process, goal setting, the traditions and context that have developed among researchers in specific subject areas. Within the framework of the accepted nomenclature of scientific specialties of the Higher Attestation Commission, it can be argued that ontological analysis is included in the scientific specialty “Systems analysis, control and information processing, statistics.”
Building a knowledge base for autonomous control of unmanned vehicles
Authors: Romanov Anton A. , Rubtsov Ivan A. , Svyatov Kirill V. , Filippov Aleksey A.
Published: March 2024

This article presents an approach to building and using a knowledge base for autonomous control of unmanned vehicles (UV). Agriculture is presented as a subject area which features and limitations must be considered. The lack of a sufficient number and level of qualifications of machine operator leads to equipment downtime, a decrease in crop yields and the efficiency of using chemical fertilizers. The use of UV makes it possible to reduce the influence of these factors and the harmful effects on people working in agriculture. The article focuses on taking into account the features and limitations of the subject area when constructing the trajectory of unmanned vehicles and controlling processing facilities. An approach is proposed that consists of separate stages of designing a knowledge base schema, automating the process of filling the knowledge base and organizing the logical inference function. For each stage, developed models and algorithms are presented that help to form and use a knowledge base when solving the problem of autonomous control of unmanned vehicles. The article contains examples and illustrations designed to increase the clarity of the proposed approach.
The Synthesis and in vitro Study of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl Protected Non-Protein Amino Acids Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Sargsyan T.H. , Stepanyan L.A. , Israyelyan M.H. , Hakobyan H.I. , Jamgaryan S.M. , Gasparyan A.A. , Saghyan A.S.
Published: March 2024

Using the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting group, 9-fluorenylme­thoxycarbonyl-(S)-β-(N-imidazolyl)-α-alanine protected non-protein amino acid, not described in the literature, were developed. Then 9-fluorenyl­methoxycarbonyl-(S)-α-methylphenylalanine, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbon­yl-(S)-α-allylglycine, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-(S)-α-propargylglycine were synthesized by the same method. It was shown, that the 9-fluorenyl­methoxycarbonyl-(S)-β-(N-imidazolyl)-α-alanine (3) inhibited the growth of Gram-negative Salmonella tуphimurium G-38 and 9-fluorenyl-methoxycar­bonyl-(S)-α-methyl-phenylalanine (4) inhibited the growth Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis 17-89 bacteria.
USE OF SELECTED STRATEGIES IN LEARNING AND THEIR IMPACT ON LIFELONG LEARNING
Authors: Gunisova Denisa
Published: March 2024

The article focuses on selected learning strategies that we acquire in school and extracurricular environments. The degree of their use in learning is an important determinant of lifelong learning. A learner who has mastered these strategies has a higher motivation for further education, higher self-confidence and achieves better results. In the empirical part of the work we describe work procedures, research objectives, research set and research methods. The quantitative design of the work is aimed at identifying the rate of use of individual strategies of critical thinking among secondary school students using a questionnaire with Likert-type questions. The results of the research were processed by mathematical and statistical methods. At the end of the work recommendations for pedagogical practice are proposed based on the theoretical analysis and specific research results.
Актуальные проблемы пенсионного обеспечения семей, потерявших кормильца, по Российскому законодательству
Authors: Нестерова Н.В. , Лубяная Д.А. , Картавцева В.Р.
Published: March 2024

Статья обращает внимание на серьезные проблемы пенсионного обеспечения семей, потерявших кормильца. В соответствии с российским законодательством, семьи имеют право на социальное обеспечение в случае утраты кормильца. Однако, размеры выплат часто недостаточны, процедура получения пенсии сложна и неравномерное распределение пособий создает несправедливые условия. Разработка и реализация реформ в пенсионной системе являются неотложными мерами для обеспечения справедливого и достойного будущего для этих семей.
Актуальные проблемы понятия медицинской помощи
Authors: Нестерова Н.В. , Сутулов А.В.
Published: March 2024

Статья рассматривает актуальные проблемы понятия медицинской помощи в России. Авторы анализируют различные точки зрения ученых на данное понятие, выделяет основные признаки медицинской помощи, такие как совокупность правоотношений, финансирование, цель оказания, и оценивает их влияние на систему здравоохранения. В статье подчеркивается важность дальнейшего совершенствования медицинской системы с учетом проблем современности и реализации национальных проектов в сфере здравоохранения.