bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photodocumentation in skin of color
Authors: Akhtar Shifa , Chen Vivien , Benjamin Latanya , Mayoral Flor
Published: August 2021

Photodocumentation is an important tool utilized across medical specialties and plays an especially pivotal role in dermatology given the visual nature of the field. Although it has been well‐established that dermatologic diseases manifest differently in dark skin compared to light skin, there is under‐representation of images of dark skin in dermatology textbooks and other educational resources. It is essential for dermatologists to work toward increasing the availability of images of dermatologic disease in dark skin by improving their own ability to successfully photograph dark‐skinned patients. In this article, we describe our nuanced approach to photographing skin of color in regards to the ideal background type, lighting, and camera settings.
Erythema ab igne in pediatric patients remote schooling during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A case series
Authors: Duan Grace Y. , Stein Sarah L.
Published: August 2021

Erythema ab igne is an uncommon dermatosis characterized by erythematous or hyperpigmented reticular patches that appear after prolonged localized heat exposure. We present three cases of erythema ab igne in pediatric patients who presented in March and April of 2021 and share a history of space heater usage while engaging in remote schooling during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: The role of lipids, inflammatory cytokines, altered host response, and the microbiome
Authors: Pirih Flavia Q. , Monajemzadeh Sepehr , Singh Neelima , Sinacola Rachel Sheridan , Shin Jae Min , Chen Tsute , Fenno J. Christopher , Kamarajan Pachiyappan , Rickard Alexander H. , Travan Suncica , Paster Bruce J. , Kapila Yvonne
Published: August 2021

Periodontitis has been associated with many systemic diseases and conditions, including metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur concomitantly and together they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and double the risk of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focus on the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis; however, we also include information on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, since these two conditions are significantly intertwined with metabolic syndrome. With regard to periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, to date, the vast majority of studies point to an association between these two conditions and also demonstrate that periodontitis can contribute to the development of, or can worsen, metabolic syndrome. Evaluating the effect of metabolic syndrome on the salivary microbiome, data presented herein support the hypothesis that the salivary bacterial profile is altered in metabolic syndrome patients compared with healthy patients. Considering periodontitis and these three conditions, the vast majority of human and animal studies point to an association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that metabolic syndrome and diabetes can alter the oral microbiome. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the influence these conditions have on each other.
Dental informed consent challenges and considerations for cognitively impaired patients
Authors: Alsaleh Ahmed , Kapila Anjuli , Shahriar Iftee , Kapila Yvonne L.
Published: August 2021

Because the US population is living to an older age, the number of individuals with cognitive impairment and periodontitis is increasing, as both conditions/diseases increase with age. Dental informed consent best practices for dental/periodontal treatment of individuals with cognitive impairment have not been explored, yet warrant consideration, because complex dental treatments to address periodontal needs/edentulism raise challenges for informed consent in the elderly with cognitive impairment. The purpose of this review is to help practitioners better understand this topic and develop best practices in dentistry for informed consent of patients with cognitive impairment that need extensive dental treatment, including surgical and implant therapy.
Risk Analysis Frameworks Used in Biological Control and Introduction of a Novel Bayesian Network Tool
Authors: Meurisse Nicolas , Marcot Bruce G. , Woodberry Owen , Barratt Barbara I. P. , Todd Jacqui H.
Published: August 2021

Classical biological control, the introduction of natural enemies to new environments to control unwanted pests or weeds, is, despite numerous successful examples, associated with rising concerns about unwanted environmental impacts such as population decline of nontarget species. Recognition of these biosafety risks is globally increasing, and prerelease assessments of biological control agents (BCAs) have become more rigorous in many countries. We review the current approaches to risk assessment for BCAs as used in Australasia, Europe, and North America. Traditionally, these assessments focus on providing assurance about the specificity of a proposed BCA, generally via a list of suitable versus nonsuitable hosts determined through laboratory specificity tests (i.e., by determining the BCA's physiological host range). The outcome of interactions of proposed agents in the natural environment can differ from laboratory‐based predictions. Potential nontarget host testing may be incomplete, additional ecological barriers under field conditions may limit encounters between BCA and nontargets or reduce attack levels, and BCAs could disperse to habitats beyond those used by the target species and adversely affect nontarget species. We advocate for the adoption of more comprehensive, ecologically‐based, probabilistic risk assessment approaches to BCA introductions. An example is provided using a Bayesian network that can integrate information on probabilities and uncertainties of a BCA to spread and establish in new habitats, interact with nontarget species in these habitats, and eventually negatively impact the populations of these nontarget species. Our new model, Biocontrol Adverse Impact Probability Assessment, aims to be incorporated into a structured decision‐making framework to support national regulatory authorities.
Judicial efficiency and the comparative disadvantage of Indian manufacturing
Authors: Adhikari Santosh , Alexeev Michael
Published: August 2021

We examine whether poor efficiency of the judicial system can explain the sluggish growth of contract‐intensive manufacturing in India. We use a large set of fixed effects to address the potential endogeneity problem. More important, we contribute to the literature by exploiting the time dimension of the data, including the use of a conventional “within” estimator, and by employing three different measures of judicial efficiency. Our results, confirm the hypothesis that a more efficient judicial system facilitates development of industries with a higher degree of “relationship specificity.” This finding, combined with the lack of significant improvement in institutional quality in the country since the early 1990s, provides one explanation for comparative disadvantage of India’s contract‐intensive manufacturing sectors which also tend to be sectors producing complex manufacturing goods.
Association between parent’s and adult offspring’s mentalizing capacity: The moderating role of child’s temperament
Authors: Jovanc\̌ević Ana , Tos\̌ić Radev Milica , Stefanović Stanojević Tatjana
Published: August 2021

There is a lack of studies evaluating temperament as a predictor of one’s mentalizing capacity and its moderating role in the relationship between mentalization in parents and their offspring. So, the aim of this study is to examine whether certain types of children’s temperament and their parents’ mentalizing capacity can predict children’s mentalizing capacity and whether children’s temperament is a moderator in the context of parent‐child relationship. The sample consisted of 388 participants, i.e., 194 dyads of primary caregivers and their adult children. In order to operationalize the mentalizing capacity (of both parents and their adult children), we used The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Fonagy et al., 2017). Different types of temperament in children were measured using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego – auto‐questionnaire – short version (Akiskal, Mendlowicz, Jean‐Louis et al., J Affect Disord, 85, 45–52, 2005). The results indicate that parents’ mentalizing capacity is a significant predictor of this competence in their children. Anxious and depressive temperaments directly predict higher scores on certainty about mental states, while hyperthymic temperament is a negative predictor of a good mentalizing ability. Furthermore, certain temperament types, irritable and hyperthymic, are statistically significant moderators in the relationship between the individual’s and the parent’s mentalizing capacity. The results suggest the possibility that hyperthymic temperament in children can alleviate the negative consequences of low mentalizing capacity of parents on mentalizing capacity of their children. Finally, the results suggest that positive relationship between high mentalizing capacity of parents and children is especially distinctive for children with irritable temperament.
The Current Community Context of Overdose Deaths: Relations among Drug Types, Drug Markets, and Socioeconomic Neighborhood Characteristics1
Authors: Wagner Jascha , Neitzke‐Spruill Logan , Donnelly Ellen A. , O’Connell Daniel J. , Anderson Tammy L.
Published: August 2021

Increases in opioid overdose deaths have been pronounced throughout the nation. The current narrative about them stresses their reach into middle‐class America while theories that link substance use etiology and drug markets, such as availability‐proneness theory, suggest that lower‐income communities should be most impacted. The latter might be especially true due to the increased involvement of cheap and highly potent fentanyl. This study uses group‐based multi‐trajectory models and path analysis to assess relations among neighborhood opioid‐overdose death trends, drug type compositions, and socioeconomic neighborhood characteristics across Delaware from 2013 to 2017. We find support for availability‐proneness theory, insofar as drug availability and substance use are associated with neighborhoods in the trajectory groups with the highest overdose death rates. Moreover, we find that neighborhood disadvantage is associated with increased drug availability as well as substance use. Our results also suggest that open‐air drug market access might be associated with an increased risk of fentanyl and heroin exposure which, in turn, can lead to spikes in overdoses net of other risk factors. Overall, our findings reveal the social character of the opioid epidemic and inform the literature on social inequality and drug use. We highlight the need for community reinvestment and harm reduction strategies to alleviate the drug problems in the most disadvantaged communities.
GeoAI in the US Geological Survey for topographic mapping
Authors: Usery E. Lynn , Arundel Samantha T. , Shavers Ethan , Stanislawski Lawrence , Thiem Philip , Varanka Dalia
Published: August 2021

Geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI) can be defined broadly as the application of artificial intelligence methods and techniques to geospatial data, processes, models, and applications. The application of these methods to topographic data and phenomena is a focus of research in the US Geological Survey (USGS). Specifically, the USGS has researched and developed applications in terrain feature extraction, hydrographic network extraction, and semantic modeling. This article is a documentation of the recent work and current state of research and development. The article helps define the accomplishments and directions of research and applications in fields of GeoAI for topographic mapping within the USGS and more broadly.
Familial follicular cell thyroid carcinomas in a large number of Dutch German longhaired pointers
Authors: Yu Yun , Krupa Adriana , Keesler Rebekah I. , Grinwis Guy C. M. , de Ruijsscher Mariska , de Vos Johan , Groenen Martien A. M. , Crooijmans Richard P. M. A.
Published: August 2021

Thyroid carcinomas (TCs) originating from follicular cells of the thyroid gland occur in both humans and dogs, and they have highly similar histomorphologic patterns. In dogs, TCs have not been extensively investigated, especially concerning the familial origin of TCs. Here, we report familial thyroid follicular cell carcinomas (FCCs) confirmed by histology in 54 Dutch origin German longhaired pointers. From the pedigree, 45 of 54 histopathologically confirmed cases are closely related to a pair of first‐half cousins in the past, indicating a familial disease. In addition, genetics contributed more to the thyroid FCC than other factors by an estimated heritability of 0.62 based on pedigree. The age of diagnosis ranged between 4.5 and 13.5 years, and 76% of cases were diagnosed before 10 years of age, implying an early onset of disease. We observed a significant higher pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficient in the affected dogs (mean F, 0.23) compared to unaffected dogs (mean F, 0.14), suggesting the contribution of inbreeding to tumour development. The unique occurrence of familial thyroid FCC in this dog population and the large number of affected dogs make this population an important model to identify the genetic basis of familial thyroid FCC in this breed and may contribute to the research into pathogenesis, prevention and treatment in humans.
Construction of Dependence Structure for Rainfall Stations by Joining Time Series Models with Copula Method
Authors: Mohd Lokoman Rahmah , Yusof Fadhilah , Alias Nor Eliza , Yusop Zulkifli
Published: August 2021

Copula model has applied in various hydrologic studies, however, most analyses conducted does not considering the non-stationary conditions that may exist in the time series. To investigate the dependence structure between two rainfall stations at Johor Bahru, two methods have been applied. The first method considers the non-stationary condition that exists in the data, while the second method assumes stationarity in the time series data.  Through goodness-off-fit (GOF) and simulation tests, performance of both methods are compared in this study. The results obtained in this study highlight the importance of considering non-stationarity conditions in the hydrological data.
Digital Tools Faculty Expected Students to Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021: Problems and Solutions for Future Hybrid and Blended Courses
Authors: Fichten Catherine , Havel Alice , Wileman Susie , Jorgensen Mary , Arcuri Rosie , Ruffolo Olivia
Published: August 2021

Covid-19 resulted in a pivot to remote teaching and learning in most North American colleges and universities. All of a sudden faculty expected students to use a variety of digital technologies. Here we report on the technologies post-secondary students had to use and on the problems experienced by students with and without disabilities (e.g., mobility and visual impairments, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mental health related disabilities). In a sample of 24 post-secondary students, we found a series of problems related to: software and platform issues; connectivity; how professors managed their courses; classmates’ computer behaviors; and equipment issues. We also learned about several beneficial practices and ways to avoid problems that can be retained for future hybrid and blended courses. By giving a voice to post-secondary students our research can inform policies and practices to create a more resilient and inclusive society.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Deep-Water Wave Instabilities Involving Wave Breaking
Authors: Li Yuzhu , Fuhrman David R.
Published: August 2021

Instabilities of deep-water wave trains subject to initially small perturbations (which then grow exponentially) can lead to extreme waves in offshore regions. The present study focuses on the two-dimensional Benjamin–Feir (or modulational) instability and the three-dimensional crescent (or horseshoe) waves, also known as Class I and Class II instabilities, respectively. Numerical studies on Class I and Class II wave instabilities to date have been mostly limited to models founded on potential flow theory; thus, they could only properly investigate the process from initial growth of the perturbations to the initial breaking point. The present study conducts numerical simulations to investigate the generation and development of wave instabilities involving the wave breaking process. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model solving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with a turbulence closure model in terms of the Reynolds stress model is applied. Wave form evolutions, Fourier amplitudes, and the turbulence beneath the broken waves are investigated.
Design and testing of a conventional clutch filled with magnetorheological fluid activated by a flexible permanent magnet at low compressive load: Numerical simulation and experimental study
Authors: Thakur Manish Kumar , Sarkar Chiranjit
Published: August 2021

In this research article, the working of conventional clutch (CC) filled with magnetorheological (MR) fluid was tested at low compressive load. The flexible permanent magnetic sheet (FMS) controlled the chain strength of MR fluid. A single clutch plate based on FMS was fabricated and tested on the developed test rig. The characteristics of the developed single plate MR clutch (SPMRC) were found by the testing and mathematical calculations. Magnetic circuit analysis presents the magnetic field distribution in the developed MR clutch. The mathematical expression for the torque transmission due to shear and compression is presented. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a software is used for the magnetic field simulation at different loading conditions. The temperature distribution in the developed clutch is simulated and experimented. It is observed from the results that the input shaft oscillation in the reduces more during disengagement in the SPMRC than the CC.
Speech2Mindmap: Testing the Accuracy of Unsupervised Automatic Mindmapping Technology With Speech Recognition
Authors: Lee Bumsoo , Feldman Brian , Fu Katherine
Published: August 2021

This research aims to augment human cognition through the advancement and automation of mindmapping technologies, which could later support human creativity and virtual collaboration. Mindmapping is a visual brainstorming technique that allows problem solvers to utilize the human brain's ability to retrieve knowledge through similarity and association. While it is a powerful tool to generate concepts in any phase of s or design, the content of mindmaps is usually manually generated while listening or conversing and generating ideas, requiring a high cognitive load. This work introduces the development of a speech-driven automated mindmapping technology, called Speech2Mindmap. The specifics of the Speech2Mindmap algorithm are detailed, along with two case studies that serve to test its accuracy in comparison to human-generated mindmaps, using audio recorded speech data as input. In the first case study, the Speech2Mindmap algorithm was evaluated on how well it represents manually generated human mindmapping output. The second case study evaluated the reliability of the Speech2Mindmap algorithm and examined the best performing methods and conditions to achieve the greatest similarity to human-generated mindmaps. This research demonstrates that the Speech2Mindmap algorithm is capable of representing manually generated human mindmapping output and found the best performing methods and conditions to generate a mindmap that is 80% similar, on average, to human-generated mindmaps.
Scaling in large area field emitters and the emission dimension
Authors: Rudra Rashbihari , Biswas Debabrata
Published: August 2021

Electrostatic shielding is an important consideration for large area field emitters (LAFEs) and results in a distribution of field enhancement factors even when the constituent emitters are identical. Ideally, the mean and variance together with the nature of the distribution should characterize a LAFE. In practice, however, it is generally characterized by an effective field enhancement factor obtained from a linear fit to a Fowler–Nordheim plot of the I−V data. An alternate characterization is proposed here based on the observation that for a dense packing of emitters, shielding is large and LAFE emission occurs largely from the periphery, while well separated emitter tips show a more uniform or two-dimensional emission. This observation naturally leads to the question of the existence of an emission dimension, De, for characterizing LAFEs. We show here that the number of patches of size LP in the ON-state (above average emission) scales as N(LP)∼LP−De in a given LAFE. The exponent De is found to depend on the applied field (or voltage) and approaches De=2 asymptotically.
On the design of differential loudspeaker arrays with broadside radiation patterns
Authors: Wang Jiale , Zhang Wen , Pan Chao , Chen Jingdong , Benesty Jacob
Published: August 2021

Loudspeaker arrays with high directivity are desirable in many acoustic and sound applications to direct sounds into a desired region. One way of designing such arrays is through the differential operator to maximize the directivity factor. However, this method generally works for linear arrays with endfire steering direction and its usage to generate a broadside radiation pattern is restricted to the second-order with three loudspeakers. This paper presents a general approach to the design of differential linear loudspeaker arrays with broadside radiation patterns of any-order. Three methods are presented to find the beamforming filter with design examples provided.
Scaleable production of microbubbles using an ultrasound-modulated microfluidic device
Authors: Carugo Dario , Browning Richard J. , Iranmanesh Ida , Messaoudi Walid , Rademeyer Paul , Stride Eleanor
Published: August 2021

Surfactant-coated gas microbubbles are widely used as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging and increasingly in therapeutic applications. The response of microbubbles to ultrasound can be strongly influenced by their size and coating properties, and hence the production method. Ultrasonic emulsification (sonication) is the most commonly employed method and can generate high concentrations of microbubbles rapidly, but with a broad size distribution, and there is a risk of contamination and/or degradation of sensitive components. Microfluidic devices provide excellent control over microbubble size, but are often challenging or costly to manufacture, offer low production rates (<106s−1), and are prone to clogging. In this study, a hybrid sonication-microfluidic or “sonofluidic” device was developed. Bubbles of ∼180 μm diameter were produced rapidly in a T-junction and subsequently exposed to ultrasound (71–73 kHz) within a microchannel, generating microbubbles (mean diameter: 1–2 μm) at a rate of >108s−1 using a single device. Microbubbles were prepared using either the sonofluidic device or conventional sonication, and their size, concentration, and stability were comparable. The mean diameter, concentration, and stability were found to be comparable between techniques, but the microbubbles produced by the sonofluidic device were all <5 μm in diameter and thus did not require any post-production fractionation.
The Prevalence of Mental Health Conditions Among High School and Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kaishian James E. , Kaishian Regina M.
Published: August 2021

The physical impacts of overtraining, sport specification, and burnout are well documented in the literature; however, the state of the student-athlete’s (SA’s) mental health is something that needs to be investigated more comprehensively. Literature on SA mental health has gained prevalence within the last 5 years. The combination of pressure from sport and academics, as well as the stigmatization of clinical mental health treatment, can have a significant effect on the SA’s psyche. This review explores the prevalence of mental health conditions (MHCs) in high school and collegiate SAs. This includes signs and symptoms of mental health diagnoses to include substance- and alcohol-related addictive disorders and risk factors of such. A systematic review of the CINAHL, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycINFO, and Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine resource databases was conducted. The initial search yielded 855 results. Following double screening, 22 studies were included, all of which were deemed medium to high quality. The findings indicate an alarming presence of MHCs ranging from risk factors of alcohol use and major depressive disorders among SAs. There was a high prevalence of mental health issues among SAs who are Black, Indigenous, people of color (BIPOC), and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ). In most cases, participation in competitive athletics (varsity) did not contribute to additional MHCs for SAs. Sport psychologists should play a role in mental health programming within athletic departments. Athletic departments should develop proactive, targeted strategies to address MHCs for SAs.
A New Decade of Healthy People: Considerations for Comparing Youth Physical Activity Across 2 Surveillance Systems
Authors: Chen Tiffany J. , Watson Kathleen B. , Michael Shannon L. , Minnaert Jessica J. , Fulton Janet E. , Carlson Susan A.
Published: August 2021

Background: Healthy People 2030 includes objectives to increase meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline for ages 6–13 years (of ages 6–17 y, monitored by National Survey of Children’s Health [NSCH]) and grades 9 to 12 (mostly aged 14–18+ y, monitored by Youth Risk Behavior Survey [YRBS]). This study compares methodologies, prevalence, and patterns of meeting the guideline, particularly for overlapping ages 14–17 years. Methods: Nationally representative surveys, 2016–2017 NSCH (adult proxy report, 6–17 y) and 2015 and 2017 YRBS (self-report, grades 9–12), assess meeting the guideline of ≥60 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity. Prevalence and odds ratios were estimated by age group and demographics. Results: For youth aged 14–17 years, 17.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1–18.7; NSCH) and 27.0% (95% CI, 25.6–28.5; YRBS) met the guideline. 25.9% (95% CI, 24.8–27.2) aged 6–13 years (NSCH) and 26.6% (95% CI, 25.3–28.0) in grades 9 to 12 (YRBS) met the guideline. Across surveys, fewer females (P < .001) and Asian youth (P < .001 except among NSCH 14–17 y) met the guideline. Conclusions: Neither methodology nor estimates for meeting the aerobic guideline are similar across surveys, so age continuity between juxtaposed estimates should not be assumed by magnitude nor age for separate Healthy People 2030 youth physical activity objectives.
Purpose-Based Walking Trips by Duration, Distance, and Select Characteristics, 2017 National Household Travel Survey
Authors: Watson Kathleen B. , Whitfield Geoffrey P. , Bricka Stacey , Carlson Susan A.
Published: August 2021

Background: New or enhanced activity-friendly routes to everyday destinations is an evidence-based approach for increasing physical activity. Although national estimates for some infrastructure features surrounding where one lives and the types of nearby destinations are available, less is known about the places where individuals walk. Methods: A total of 5 types of walking trips (N = 54,034) were defined by whether they began or ended at home (home based [HB]) and trip purpose (HB work, HB shopping, HB social/recreation, HB other, and not HB trip) (2017 National Household Travel Survey). Differences and trends by subgroups in the proportion of each purpose-oriented trip were tested using pairwise comparisons and polynomial contrasts. Results: About 14% of U.S. adults reported ≥1 walking trip on a given day. About 64% of trips were HB trips. There were few differences in prevalence for each purpose by subgroup. For example, prevalence of trips that were not HB decreased significantly with increasing age and increased with increasing education and household income. Conclusions: Given age-related and socioeconomic differences in walking trips by purpose, planners and other professionals may want to consider trip origin and destination purposes when prioritizing investments for the creation of activity-friendly routes to everyday destinations where people live, work, and play.
Amount, Type, and Timing of Domain-Specific Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Among US Adults
Authors: Saint-Maurice Pedro F. , Berrigan David , Whitfield Geoffrey P. , Watson Kathleen B. , Patel Shreya , Loftfield Erikka , Sampson Joshua N. , Fulton Janet E. , Matthews Charles E.
Published: August 2021

Background: Surveillance of domain-specific physical activity in the United States is lacking. Thus, the authors describe domain-specific moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a nationwide sample of US adults. Methods: Participants from the AmeriSpeak panel (n = 2649; 20–75 y; 50% female) completed the Activities Completed Over Time in 24-Hours previous-day recall. The authors estimated average MVPA duration (in hours per day) overall and in major life domains by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and education. They also described the most commonly reported MVPAs and timing of MVPA during the day. Results: Across all life domains, participants reported an average of 2.5 hours per day in MVPA. Most MVPA was accumulated during work (50% of total, 1.2 h/d) and household activities (28%, 0.7 h/d) with less MVPA reported in leisure time (15%, 0.4 h/d). Time reported in MVPA varied by sex, and race/ethnicity (P < .05). Walking at work and for exercise, childcare, and walking for transportation were the most commonly reported domain-specific MVPAs. A greater proportion of MVPA took place in the morning (∼06:00 h) and evening (∼18:00 h). Conclusions: Work and household activities accounted for 78% of overall MVPA reported, while leisure-time MVPA accounted for only 15% of the total. Encouraging MVPA during leisure time and transportation remain important targets for promoting MVPA in US adults.
Eliminating Barriers to Youth Sport in Greenville, North Carolina
Authors: O’Brien Emma , Warner Stacy M. , Sartore-Baldwin Melanie
Published: August 2021

This case study helps students better understand barriers to youth sport participation that low-income families face and then offer solutions to alleviate some barriers and create a more inclusive sport community. The case focuses on the struggle that many sport organizations face when trying to increase diversity and inclusiveness, regardless of socioeconomic status. Greenville Recreation and Parks Department Development Intern Sarah identifies issues with the department’s current financial assistance program and collects parents’ feedback detailing community needs that are not being met. This case provides an opportunity for students to (a) examine how sport organizations unintentionally create barriers for some community members and (b) find innovative ways to reduce barriers to youth sport participation and create more inclusive systems.
An Exploration of Safe Space: From a Youth Bicycle Program to the Road
Authors: Steinmann Jeanette , Wilson Brian , McSweeney Mitchell , Bandoles Emerald , Hayhurst Lyndsay M.C.
Published: August 2021

Safe space—a physical and psychosocial space cultivated through social relations—can be vital for youth programs and community development. This paper analyzes youth participants’ experiences in a Canadian bicycle program. The authors suggest that the program can be seen as a form of “Sport for Development,” and specifically what the authors term “Bicycles for Development”—as the bicycle is considered as a possible catalyst for development. Using interviews and photos, the role of “safe space” in the growing body of Bicycles for Development literature is highlighted, and the authors make a connection between Sport for Development scholarship and literature related to youth cultural activities and spaces. The findings reveal the benefits associated with program engagement and challenges despite program-related benefits.
Long-Term Survival of
Synechococcus
and Heterotrophic Bacteria without External Nutrient Supply after Changes in Their Relationship from Antagonism to Mutualism
Authors: Zhang Zenghu , Nair Shailesh , Tang Lili , Zhao Hanshuang , Hu Zhenzhen , Chen Mingming , Zhang Yao , Kao Shuh-Ji , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Yongyu
Published: August 2021

Phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria have a close but usually changeable relationship. Uncovering the dynamic changes and driving factors of their interrelationships is of great significance for an in-depth understanding of the ecological processes and functions of marine microorganisms.
Tunicamycin Potentiates Antifungal Drug Tolerance via Aneuploidy in Candida albicans
Authors: Yang Feng , Gritsenko Vladimir , Slor Futterman Yaniv , Gao Lu , Zhen Cheng , Lu Hui , Jiang Yuan-ying , Berman Judith
Published: August 2021

Candida albicans
is a prevalent human fungal commensal and also a pathogen that causes life-threatening systemic infections. Treatment failures are frequent because few therapeutic antifungal drug classes are available and because drug resistance and tolerance limit drug efficacy.
CD4+ T cell and M2 macrophage infiltration predict dedifferentiated liposarcoma patient outcomes
Authors: Schroeder Brett A , LaFranzo Natalie A , LaFleur Bonnie J , Gittelman Rachel M , Vignali Marissa , Zhang Shihong , Flanagan Kevin C , Rytlewski Julie , Riolobos Laura , Schulte Brian C , Kim Teresa S , Chen Eleanor , Smythe Kimberly S , Wagner Michael J , Mantilla Jose G , Campbell Jean S , Pierce Robert H , Jones Robin L , Cranmer Lee D , Pollack Seth M
Published: August 2021

Background

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcoma subtypes and is devastating in the advanced/metastatic stage. Despite the observation of clinical responses to PD-1 inhibitors, little is known about the immune microenvironment in relation to patient prognosis.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of 61 patients with DDLPS. We completed deep sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β-chain and RNA sequencing for predictive modeling, evaluating both immune markers and tumor escape genes. Hierarchical clustering and recursive partitioning were employed to elucidate relationships of cellular infiltrates within the tumor microenvironment, while an immune score for single markers was created as a predictive tool.

Results

Although many DDLPS samples had low TCR clonality, high TCR clonality combined with low T-cell fraction predicted lower 3-year overall survival (p=0.05). Higher levels of CD14+ monocytes (p=0.02) inversely correlated with 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), while CD4+ T-cell infiltration (p=0.05) was associated with a higher RFS. Genes associated with longer RFS included PD-1 (p=0.003), ICOS (p=0.006), BTLA (p=0.033), and CTLA4 (p=0.02). In a composite immune score, CD4+ T cells had the strongest positive predictive value, while CD14+ monocytes and M2 macrophages had the strongest negative predictive values.

Conclusions

Immune cell infiltration predicts clinical outcome in DDLPS, with CD4+ cells associated with better outcomes; CD14+ cells and M2 macrophages are associated with worse outcomes. Future checkpoint inhibitor studies in DDLPS should incorporate immunosequencing and gene expression profiling techniques that can generate immune landscape profiles.
Consequences of changing water clarity on the fish and fisheries of the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Bunnell David B. , Ludsin Stuart A. , Knight Roger L. , Rudstam Lars G. , Williamson Craig E. , Höök Tomas O. , Collingsworth Paris D. , Lesht Barry M. , Barbiero Richard P. , Scofield Anne E. , Rutherford Edward S. , Gaynor Layne , Vanderploeg Henry A. , Koops Marten A.
Published: August 2021

Human-driven environmental change underlies recent changes in water clarity in many of the world’s great lakes, yet our understanding of the consequences of these changes on the fish and fisheries they support remains incomplete. Herein, we offer a framework to organize current knowledge, guide future research, and help fisheries managers understand how water clarity can affect their valued populations. Emphasizing Laurentian Great Lakes findings where possible, we describe how changing water clarity can directly affect fish populations and communities by altering exposure to ultraviolet radiation, foraging success, predation risk, reproductive behavior, or territoriality. We also discuss how changing water clarity can affect fisheries harvest and assessment through effects on fisher behavior and sampling efficiency (i.e., catchability). Finally, we discuss whether changing water clarity can affect understudied aspects of fishery performance, including economic and community benefits. We conclude by identifying generalized predictions and discuss their implications for priority research questions for the Laurentian Great Lakes. Even though the motivation for this work was regional, the breadth of the review and generality of the framework are readily transferable to other freshwater and marine habitats.
Topological defects in nematic films between planar degenerate surfaces. A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Chiccoli Cesare , Pasini Paolo , Evangelista Luiz Roberto , de Souza Rodolfo Teixeira , Zannoni Claudio
Published: August 2021

The molecular organization of a nematic film sandwiched between two planar randomly aligned surfaces is studied by means of detailed Monte Carlo simulations. The formation as well as the evolution of topological defects induced by these particular boundary conditions are investigated. The resulting defect structure is compared with the one induced by hybrid aligned surfaces. The observation of such defects and some features of their structures can be associated with geometric parameters of the film and with properties of the confining surfaces.
Is there supersymmetric Lee–Yang fixed point in three dimensions?
Authors: Nakayama Yu
Published: August 2021

The supersymmetric Lee–Yang model is arguably the simplest interacting supersymmetric field theory in two dimensions, albeit nonunitary. A natural question is if there is an analogue of supersymmetric Lee–Yang fixed point in higher dimensions. The absence of any [Formula: see text] symmetry (except for fermion numbers) makes it impossible to approach it by using perturbative [Formula: see text] expansions. We find that the truncated conformal bootstrap suggests that candidate fixed points obtained by the dimensional continuation from two dimensions annihilate below three dimensions, implying that there is no supersymmetric Lee–Yang fixed point in three dimensions. We conjecture that the corresponding phase transition, if any, will be the first-order transition.
Enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance of nonprecious V2O5-WO3 nanocomposite
Authors: Xavier L. Stanley Kenin , Elangovan P. , Saravanakumaar M. S. S.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the first report of the excellent oxygen reduction activity and durability of a composite structure that consists of highly active V2O5-WO3 electrocatalyst. Outstanding electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen reduction under alkaline medium was achieved by selecting a highly active and optimum concentration of V2O5 on WO3 composite. In particular, the excellent catalytic activity of the 25 wt.% V2O5 with 75 wt.% WO3(WV[Formula: see text] catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be attributed to the optimum concentration of V2O5, high surface area, high conductivity, and mesoporous nature, since they aid facile electrochemical activity and reduced overpotential and small Tafel values than other catalysts. In addition, it exhibits long-term durability.
White-Box and Black-Box Reliability Modeling Framework: Integration Through Analytical Model and User Profile Validation via Deep Learning — A Practitioner’s Approach
Authors: Mohan K. Krishna , Shaik Harun Ul Rasheed , Srividya A. , Verma Ajit Kumar
Published: August 2021

Software reliability evaluation of complex systems is always a challenging task with conventional methods comprising both functional as well as nonfunctional aspects of real-world applications. Prevailing model frameworks moreover apply a nonfunctional approach (black-box model) that is modeled on defect data or through a functional approach (white-box model) that uses component or state-based interactions. Also, other challenges involve integrating both approaches, and validating user profiles of software operation. Further, reliability assessment is one among the most important and desirable qualities of service requirements of software systems, particularly in monitoring critical business transactions. Here, we propose a model framework to evaluate the overall reliability estimation involving both functional and nonfunctional model analyses using: (a) white-box assessment based on intercomponent analysis via component-based Cheung’s model and user profile validations with one of the identified deep learning techniques and (b) black-box modeling evaluation via generalized stochastic Petri nets based on orthogonal defect classification. A newly introduced deep learning model using white-box analysis is validated with pertinent usage profiles to establish a new trend in artificial neural networks and as well with software reliability estimation. Additionally, we introduce and present a quantitative technique — analytical hierarchy process — to integrate reliability assessment and provide weights to the white-box and as well for black-box approaches to quantify overall reliability estimation. The proposed framework is illustrated with an application case study.
The Dark Side of Mandatory IFRS Adoption: Does IFRS Adoption Deteriorate Accrual Reliability?
Authors: Kim Jeong-Bon , Liu Yiye , Shi Haina , Zhu Xindong Kevin
Published: August 2021

We examine a potential informational cost of adopting the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that mandatory IFRS adoption leads to a significant decrease in accrual reliability. We also find that this negative relation between IFRS adoption and accrual reliability is more pronounced for firms (a) holding more financial instruments and (b) domiciled in jurisdictions with weak institutional features. The above findings are robust to alternative sampling and an extended sample period. Further analysis shows that reduced accrual reliability reflects a trade-off with increased value relevance and that outside investors fail to understand the IFRS-induced reductions in accrual reliability.
Constructing totally p-adic numbers of small height
Authors: Checcoli S. , Fehm A.
Published: August 2021

Bombieri and Zannier gave an effective construction of algebraic numbers of small height inside the maximal Galois extension of the rationals which is totally split at a given finite set of prime numbers. They proved, in particular, an explicit upper bound for the lim inf of the height of elements in such fields. We generalize their result in an effective way to maximal Galois extensions of number fields with given local behavior at finitely many places.
Solvent-Dependent Spectral Properties in Diverse Solvents, Light Harvesting and Antiviral Properties of Mono-Azo Dye (Direct Yellow-27): A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Bisht Babita , Imandi Venkataramana , Pant Sanjay , Sen Anik
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we have discussed for the first time a detailed electronic absorption study of the mono-azo dye Direct Yellow 27 [C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]N4Na2O9S3] (DY-27) with five different homogeneous media by applying experimental and theoretical techniques along with some new characteristics of DY-27 in the field of solar cells as well as antiviral activities. A clear absorption band in the UV-visible region was observed, although the absorption maxima lie in the visible region. The electronic absorption transitions observed in our study were fully spin and symmetry allowed transitions with [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] character. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) analysis has been done for understanding the electronic and the charge transfer performance. Moreover, the impacts of polar protic and polar aprotic solvents in the structural variation of DY-27 have been reported here. Further, applications of the dye in the field of solar cell, as well as antiviral activity, were performed using molecular modeling approaches. The dye exhibited a D–[Formula: see text]–A–A structure with a high light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) and good injection efficiency acts as an effective dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Molecular docking studies of the dye DY-27 performed with M-protease of the different corona viruses, MERS, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 indicated comparable binding energies with the controlled inhibitors and best interactions are observed for the SARS-CoV-1.
Fractal Intersections and Products via Algorithmic Dimension
Authors: Lutz Neil
Published: August 2021

Algorithmic fractal dimensions quantify the algorithmic information density of individual points and may be defined in terms of Kolmogorov complexity. This work uses these dimensions to bound the classical Hausdorff and packing dimensions of intersections and Cartesian products of fractals in Euclidean spaces. This approach shows that two prominent, fundamental results about the dimension of Borel or analytic sets also hold for arbitrary sets.
A Survey on Big Data Processing Frameworks for Mobility Analytics
Authors: Doulkeridis Christos , Vlachou Akrivi , Pelekis Nikos , Theodoridis Yannis
Published: August 2021

In the current era of big spatial data, the vast amount of produced mobility data (by sensors, GPS-equipped devices, surveillance networks, radars, etc.) poses new challenges related to mobility analytics. A cornerstone facilitator for performing mobility analytics at scale is the availability of big data processing frameworks and techniques tailored for spatial and spatio-temporal data. Motivated by this pressing need, in this paper, we provide a survey of big data processing frameworks for mobility analytics. Particular focus is put on the underlying techniques; indexing, partitioning, query processing are essential for enabling efficient and scalable data management. In this way, this report serves as a useful guide of state-of-the-art methods and modern techniques for scalable mobility data management and analytics.
Making the Right Move to Senior Researcher
Authors: Valduriez Patrick
Published: August 2021

I have been working on research in data management for the last 40 years. I like my job and my research institution (Inria, the French national research institute for computer science), which have offered me great opportunities to learn a lot, do good work, get to know smart and nice people and overall feel useful. However, since the early days of my mid-career, the research environment, including academia and industry, has certainly become more complex, making the move from junior (or pre-tenure) researcher to senior researcher quite challenging. Based on my experience, I review some of the main questions and challenges and give some hints on how to deal with them. I'll sometimes use stories and anecdotes to illustrate the point.
Transparent Data Transformation
Authors: Athanassoulis Manos
Published: August 2021

A big dichotomy in data system design is the columnvs. row-stores one. The first supports analytical, and the latter transactional workloads. There have been several efforts to bridge the two, especially in light of new hybrid transactional analytical processing workloads.