bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cartographie De L’évolution Démographique Et Atteinte De L’objectif Du Développement Durable Dans Le Secteur De L’eau Dans Le Hollidjé Au Sud- Est Du Bénin
Authors: Djinadou Rachade O.A. , Bigou Léon Baní Bio , Oladjide Azaria , Vodounou Armand
Published: June 2017

At the end of the Millennium Development Goals in 2015, the issue of access to water has not been fully addressed in developing countries in the face of increasing population. In Benin, despite the efforts made in this sector, rural populations are still faced with difficulties in accessing drinking water. This study aims to contribute to a better cartographic knowledge of the demographic evolution and its implications on the access to drinking water in Hollidjé. The study was carried out in 33 Holli villages in the municipalities of Pobè and Adja-Ouèrè. The censuses of 1979-1992-2002 and 2013 and the base of the water points of the Directorate General of Water of 2015 were used. These data have been processed using SPSS software 23, DEMProj for demographic projection by 2030 and ArcGis 10.1 for data spatialization and mapping. The study shows that Hollidjé is growing at a rate of 6.6% a year, double the national increase (3.50%). With a density of more than 200hbts / km², this territory has a low drinking water supply rate (minus 40% in 2013). By 2030, the Hollidjè population will double. Thus, the equivalent drinking water requirement will be 500 water points. At this pace, the objectives of sustainable development related to drinking water and sanitation may not be achieved if sectoral policies are not implemented.
Importance Socioculturelle Des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux Du Massif Forestier D’agoua Au Benin
Authors: Alex Wotto , Ulrich Gbaguidi Aholidji Humbert , Sylvain Vissoh Ahotondji
Published: June 2017

The aim of this research is to analyze the socio-cultural importance of non-ligneous forest products (NWFPs) in the forest of Agoua, located in the department of Hills in Benin. This research led to an inventory of NWFPs and ethnobotanical surveys among 50 foresters, 62 NWFP resellers, 46 consumers and 12 phytotherapists. The data collected relate to the plant species used as NWFPs by populations living on the massif of Agoua, to endogenous knowledge and to the use values of NWFPs. Thus, 105 plant species distributed in 48 families have been inventoried within the forest massif of Agoua. The determination of the different categories of NWFP uses revealed that 61 (58.09%) of the total number of plant species surveyed were used in traditional medicine, 30 in food (28.57%), 28 for various domestic uses (26.57%), 8 for building materials (7.61%), 6 for packaging (5.71%) and 4 for coloring (3.8%). The organs taken by the populations vary from one species to another and according to the use they make of them. In fact, it is the leaves, fruits, barks, flowers and roots that are used by the populations bordering the forest of Agoua. The excessive exploitation of NWFPs by the populations bordering on the Agoua forest is the cause of the decline and disappearance of these plant species with a high genetic and socio-cultural potential. The aggravation of this phenomenon with population growth may be detrimental to the sustainability of this forest ecosystem. In order to reduce the effects of such use, it is necessary to implement methods and collection rates that respect the sustainability of these resources.
Screening Mental Well-Being in High Demand Occupational Settings in South Africa
Authors: Van Wijk Charles H
Published: June 2017

This study considered promoting well-being of employees in high demand occupational positions, through the screening of mental well-being. The numerous challenges to such monitoring in a multi-lingual developing country like South Africa – where this study was conducted – requires a tool that can screen for the mental well-being of at-risk individuals, in order to timeously refer vulnerable persons to appropriate mental health support services. This paper explored whether the State-Trait Personality Inventory-Trait Scales (STPI-T) can be used fairly to monitor the well-being of young adult South Africans in high demand occupational settings. The self-report scales were administered to a non-clinical sample (women=392, men=521) aged 20 to 40 years, and their responses were analyzed with MANOVA and a ROC analysis. The main findings of the study indicated that contextualised norms are required (and were provided for the sample studied), develop per specific national and occupational environment; and that socio-demographic variables like gender, age, and language had limited effect on scale responses in this select sample. The scales effectively identified vulnerable individuals, comparable to psychological interviews. Scale scores were highly homogenized, facilitating identification of outliers which may indicate poorer mental health, thus enabling further referral for appropriate support. In conclusion, the study provides support for the use of the SPTI-T to promote the well-being of employees in multi-lingual high demand occupational settings, through regular monitoring and early identification of risk for poor mental health.
Mobilites Contemporaines, Espace Et Liens Sociaux : Le Nomadisme Reinvente Et Ses Implications En Matiere De Planification Urbaine
Authors: Gazzeh Karim
Published: June 2017

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the modern society has witnessed an increased mobility as a vector for new lifestyles of the "civilization of mobility". Tied with the impressive developments in the information and communication technologies, the concept of mobility continues to be a significant challenge that needs to be considered while planning the city or studying the society. Comparing the contemporary society to the past nomadic communities appears as an approach that would explore and decrypt some socio-spatial phenomena where rapid transformations would be otherwise difficult to analyze using non-comparative methodologies. This article attempts to revisit some similarities between the contemporary society and the nomadic society in relation to the issue of mobility. The similarities are then analyzed with regard to two key concepts which shape the social pattern on the territories: the spatial reference and the nature of social links. The article ends with an exploration of proposals on how to take into account the contemporary mobility, henceforth smart, at the level of urban planning policies.
A Framework Proposal for Analysis of Urbanization Policy
Authors: Erkan Nihal Ekin
Published: June 2017

This paper suggests a framework proposal for the analysis of urbanization policy as a public policy. Firstly, how urbanization policy is conceptualised is discussed. After, a framework for analysis of urbanization policy is suggested. Main elements of this framework are specified as (1) conditions that constitute urbanization policy background; urbanization logic produced by socio-economic structure; (2) political and administrative agents and other related actors and also their relations; forms of theoretically doing politics of actors; (3) key issue of urbanization policy and its prominent characteristics; process of urbanization policy; (4) change pattern of the policy. Paper ends up with an emphasis on an important inclusionary analysis for the development on urbanization policy making.
Conductas Delictivas Y Antisociales En Adolescentes Que Estudian Y No Estudian
Authors: Palencia Angélica Romero , Solís Araceli Sánchez , Arreola Arturo del Castillo
Published: June 2017

Adolescence is a stage of transition from childhood to the adult world, which is affected among other things by the tension between the incorporation into the labor market and permanence in the educational system (D'alessandre, 2010). However, there is little information related to adolescents who do not study or work. Because of the information that antisocial and criminal behavior tends to accentuate at this stage of life (Gaeta & Galvanoski, 2011), this study identifies differences in the presence of antisocial and criminal behavior among students in two public high schools at Pachuca Hidalgo, Mexico, and adolescents who do not study or work in the same city using the AD measure (Seisdedos & Sánchez, 2001). The sample consisted of 120 teenagers between 14 and 18 years of age, with a total of 81 students and 39 adolescents who do not study or work. Through an analysis of variance ANOVA of sex by occupation were found significant differences in the presence of antisocial behaviors between adolescents who study and those who do not. A difference was observed in the presence of criminal behavior also, specifically in the group of male adolescents who did not study. It was observed that those adolescent men and women who are studying, are less likely to commit criminal acts, compared to those adolescent especially men who are not within a school or work system. The role played by the socio-cultural context as a risk factor or protection for the appearance of criminal and antisocial behavior is highlighted.
Watching Marginal Bodies: Representation of the Transgender Identity on Turkish Media
Authors: Demir Sertac Timur
Published: June 2017

The world in which we live is seen, on the one hand as a global village in some sense and, on the other, as a divided geography. In other words, it is localized and ghettoized simultaneously. The everyday life that transforms rapidly and in an amorphous notion bears testimony to the rise of new identities and belongings as well as new opposition and disengagement. This dilemma generates new and different notion of tension and conflict. Body and gender are considerably significant paradigms in terms of showing and representing this sense of physical, mental and ideological separation; so much so that they change continuously in the shade of freedom and security deadlock. As for media, they do not merely capture but formalized the social events and collective facts. They manipulate the viewer perception and attitudes. From institutional and traditional to individual, digitalized and social media, they redefine the meaning of distant and ambivalent identities and design some clichés about them. That is why this paper is an attempt to describe the representation of marginal identities in Turkish media mainly through television channels, newspapers, internet and films that may stimulate the controversial relationship between normals and deviant and between insider and outsider. For this purpose, in this study, it is focused on the question of how Turkish media display and represent the transvestites.
Défis D’une Orthodoxie Éthique Et Académique Chez Les Universitaires Congolais (RDC)
Authors: Wabasa Salomon Mampeta , Misako Fraternel Amuri
Published: June 2017

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the huge gap clearly observed today, but which in fact is the result of a cumulative process of recent decades between what is expected and what is done on academic freedom, is a cause for concern for African learned community and beyond. Trying to impose orthodoxy as reference, both ethically and academically in the Congolese changing university space, presupposes to consider the governance (nature/quality) of Congolese society in which the university is only seen as one of the main observation windows. As a prerequisite for successful reimplementation of the professional codes of ethics among scholars, we believe that any awareness campaign would not cause the breakup of disreputable practices dominating the Congo’s higher education if courageous, even unpopular but salutary reforms are not undertaken upstream. Even if scholars are to be questioned on their duties (Social Responsibility), it remains that their material conditions of living and working are not conducive to the rigorous application of ethical and professional principles for an effective exercise of academic freedom as a right. Material misery would induce moral misery and intellectual poverty, thus trapping academic freedom.
Impediments of Students' English Language Speaking Skill in Two Selected Preparatory Schools in Wolaita Zone
Authors: Arega Endale Endrias
Published: June 2017

This study was intended to investigate impediments of students' English Language speaking with particular reference to Wolaita Sodo and Areka Preparatory Schools. The study also examines causes that account for these impediments. The subjects of the study were grade 11 students of the aforementioned schools. The samples of the study were 620 students out of 2,388 students in both preparatory schools; again 14 students and 8 English Language teachers were selected for the interview. The sample students were selected using simple random sampling technique. The data gathering instruments used were questionnaire, interview and classroom observation. To achieve the objectives, descriptive method of research design is used. To analyze the obtained data, both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis were used. The findings show that: lack of confidence from the student side, excessive use of mother tongue, preference of grammar and vocabulary than speaking, poor speaking background, shortage of vocabulary, teachers' emphasis on grammar and vocabulary, teacher centered way of teaching, large class size, lack of access to teaching aids, shortage of text books and references. Each of these factors was also caused by different problems such as: Classmates’ laughing when one makes a mistake while speaking; focusing on teaching grammar than speaking; focusing of exam questions mainly on grammar and vocabulary than speaking, nature of the English Text Book and teachers' experience of traditional teaching. Finally, the recommendations were forwarded based on the findings.
Caractérisation Des Risques Hydroclimatiques Dans Le Bassin Versant De L’Ouémé A L’exutoire De Bétérou Au Bénin (Afrique De L’ouest)
Authors: Olivier Koudamiloro , Wilfrid Vissin Expédit , Jean-Marie Dipama
Published: June 2017

In the catchment area of Ouémé with Bétérou the extreme climatic phenomena lead to risks hydroclimatic which can create, for lack of an adequate management, massive migrations of populations, ecological disasters as well as shortages of food, of energy, of essential water and other goods. The work aims to study the risks hydroclimatic in the catchment area of Ouémé to the discharge system of Bétérou. To achieve this goal, from the climatological data (height daily and monthly of rains, temperatures, ETP) over 1965 to 2012 period are obtained at the National Direction of the Meteorology (DNM) of Cotonou. The hydrological data made up of the daily outputs of the Ouémé river to the discharge system of Bétérou, over 1965-2012 period are extracted from the data base of DGWater. The diagnostic methods of the climate used are primarily statistical and relate to the frequential analysis and the calculation of the indices of dryness. The analysis of the results shows that in the catchment area of Ouémé with Bétérou analyzes compared of the three indices of weather dryness (Decile, RDI and the SPI), that the basin known over the period of 1965 to 1990 three years very dry (1981, 1982 and 1987) and a year close to the extreme dryness (1983). It also arises that index PDSI made it possible to identify the various periods of dryness recorded in the middle In the basin, the recurrences of the rains and maximum us flows are also 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 years and make it possible to say that the area can be in prey of exceptional flood which can likely involve floods which will not be without consequences on the local development.
Dispositifs De Prévention Contre Le Risque D’infiltration Des Eaux Souterraines Dans Les Ouvrafes De Constructions
Authors: Tahar Ayadat
Published: June 2017

For constructing sustainable geotechnical structures, it is recommended to design these structures within a perspective of performance, adaptability and durability. This article briefly describes the various geotechnical risks and the actions to be taken to reduce or eliminate these risks. It examines in more detail the problem of risks associated with groundwater infiltration in construction structures. It discusses the various causes and the measures to be taken to eliminate this risk. Finally, the article introduces the preventive measures against groundwater infiltration for two case studies, namely a sports complex and a residential building. The study also includes precautions to be taken for protecting buildings against ground swelling caused by shale rock.
A Novel Design and Implementation of 8-3 Encoder Using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) Technology
Authors: Sofeoul-Al-Mamun Md. , Miah Mohammad Badrul Alam , Masud Fuyad Al
Published: June 2017

In recent years Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has been considered one of the emerging nano-technology for future generation digital circuits and systems. QCA technology is a promising alternative to Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Thus, QCA offers a novel electronics paradigm for information processing and communication system. It has attractive features such as faster speed, higher scale integration, higher switching frequency, smaller size and low power consumption compared to the transistor based technology. It is projected as a promising nanotechnology for future Integrated Circuits (ICs). A quantum dot cellular automaton complex gate is composed from simple 3-input majority gate. In this paper, a 8-3 encoder circuit is proposed based on QCA logic gates: the 4-input Majority Voter (MV) OR gate. This 7-input gate can be configured into many useful gate structures such as a 4-input AND gate, a 4-input OR gate, 2-input AND and 2-input OR gates, 2-input complex gates, multi-input complex gates. The proposed circuit has a promising future in the area of nano-computing information processing system and can be stimulated with higher digital applications in QCA.
La práctica de la milpa, el ch’ulel y el maíz como elementos articuladores de la cosmovisión sobre la naturaleza entre los tzeltales de Tenejapa en los Altos de Chiapas
Authors: D'Alesandro Renzo , González Cabañas Alma Amalia
Published: June 2017

Este artículo presenta los resultados del trabajo etnográfico realizado en comunidades tseltales de Tenejapa en los Altos de Chiapas donde se analizan, a partir de las prácticas agrícolas bajo el sistema de milpa, la relación humano-naturaleza. Se propone una descripción etnográfica para comprender mejor la construcción de los territorios tseltales desde una aproximación teórica que aborda la relación cultura–naturaleza desde la ecología simbólica de Descola. Asimismo se retoman algunas de las aportaciones sobre la concepción de la naturaleza entre los mayas para exponer la relevancia de sus mitos, rituales y prácticas agrícolas como elementos conciliatorios entre la cultura y la naturaleza, y como expresión de la apropiación del territorio.
Pirámide de las Pinturas de San Bartolo, El Petén, Guatemala: espacialidad
Authors: Savkic Sanja
Published: June 2017

El presente trabajo, por un lado, versa sobre diferentes aspectos del grupo las Pinturas de San Bartolo, El Petén, Guatemala, según la información de diversa índole obtenida hasta el año 2014. Por el otro, se presentan las características arquitectónicas de los edificios, sus posibles usos y significaciones, particularmente en cuanto al espacio. Se trata de los espacios configurados intencionalmente de una manera determinada –intelectual y sensiblemente– para significar algo. La misma configuración visual revela qué es y para qué es. En las culturas dominadas por las creencias religiosas, como la maya antigua, se trata de los espacios materiales, reales, manifestados e imbuidos de un componente espiritual; por ello, abundan los signos iconográficos y escritos que los designan.
Una medalla militar por matar mayas rebeldes (1901-1905)
Authors: Villegas Pascale
Published: June 2017

En mayo de 1901, el ejército mexicano encabezado por el general Bravo puso fin oficialmente al conflicto de la Guerra de Castas que había durado más de 50 años en la península de Yucatán. El final de esta guerra resonó en los periódicos nacionales como el gran logro de todos los mexicanos en contra de los mayas rebeldes y bárbaros. Después de analizar el impacto de esta noticia en los periódicos tanto a nivel regional, nacional como en el extranjero. Nos enfocaremos a estudiar un acontecimiento poco conocido que consistió en la entrega de una medalla militar elaborada en oro, plata y bronce, otorgada por parte del estado de Yucatán con autorización del Gobierno Federal, para los más de 8,000 militares del ejército y Guardia Nacional partícipes en la última batalla de Chan Santa Cruz y en campañas anteriores.
As fronteiras da avaliação: algumas considerações sobre o caso europeu
Authors: Bach Laurent
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho discute as “fronteiras” da avaliação de políticas públicas e os desafios que a avaliação enfrenta no contexto europeu, mais precisamente na avaliação do impacto das políticas da Comissão Europeia em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CTI). A análise baseia-se em relatórios e congressos recentes nesse campo nos últimos três anos, em grande parte das pesquisas sobre avaliação efetuadas nos últimos 20 anos na Europa e nos 20 anos de experiência do autor nessa área. São apresentadas noções diferentes de fronteira para realçar as relações entre o “mundo da avaliação”, os formuladores de políticas públicas, os processos de construção dessas políticas, os atores e processos de CTI e as demais disciplinas de ciências sociais ligadas à avaliação. O trabalho conclui que a exploração da diversidade de abordagens, das partes interessadas, dos campos de pesquisa e de estudos empíricos oferece grande potencial para se lidar com a diversidade de fronteiras.
Impactos dos fundos setoriais nas empresas
Authors: Araújo Bruno César , Pianto Donald , Negri Fernanda De , Cavalcante Luiz Ricardo , Alves Patrick
Published: June 2017

Os fundos setoriais foram instituídos no final da década de 1990, com o propósito de criar condições mais estáveis de financiamento público às atividades de ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I) no Brasil. De maneira análoga ao que se observa com outros instrumentos de incentivo à inovação nas empresas, a expectativa é que o acesso aos fundos setoriais contribuiria para o aumento dos esforços tecnológicos e para o alcance de melhores resultados pelas empresas. O objetivo deste trabalho é, portanto, avaliar o impacto desses fundos sobre os esforços tecnológicos e sobre os resultados das empresas industriais no Brasil, no período 2001 a 2006. A base teórica para a discussão é a literatura internacional que tem, recorrentemente, analisado o efeito crowding in ou crowding out de políticas de apoio à inovação nas empresas. Esses trabalhos buscam verificar se as políticas adotadas complementam os recursos alocados nas atividades de inovação pelas empresas ou se haveria simplesmente a substituição desses últimos por recursos públicos. Neste artigo, uma técnica quasi-experimental é aplicada para comparar as empresas que acessaram os fundos setoriais com aquelas que não os acessaram, usando dados de painel que incluem informações sobre esforços tecnológicos e resultados. O grupo de controle é definido com base no algoritmo de Propensity Score Matching (PSM), visando eliminar o viés de seleção no acesso aos fundos, o que faz com que, a priori, as empresas que acessam esses recursos trilhem uma trajetória distinta daquelas que não acessam. Estimativas das diferenças percentuais das taxas de crescimento dos esforços tecnológicos indicam significativo descolamento entre os grupos de tratamento e controle e permitem que se rejeite a hipótese de crowding out. Estima-se que o diferencial na taxa de crescimento do PoTec – que corresponde à proxy para os esforços tecnológicos – seja de 6,8 p.p. no primeiro ano, 11,5 p.p. no segundo, 15,7 p.p. no terceiro e 26,7 p.p. no quarto ano após o acesso. Os fundos setoriais apresentam ainda impacto positivo e significativo no pessoal ocupado total, embora apenas um impacto marginalmente significante nas exportações de alto conteúdo tecnológico tenha sido observado após quatro anos nas empresas que compõem o grupo de tratamento. Adicionalmente, uma análise preliminar dos impactos dos diferentes instrumentos que compõem os fundos setoriais permite associar a maior parte dos impactos dos recursos à concessão de crédito em condições mais favoráveis.
Apoio público à inovação empresarial: uma avaliação do Programa FONTEC
Authors: Benavente Jose Miguel , Crespi Gustavo , Maffioli Alessandro
Published: June 2017

Os governos latino-americanos recorrem frequentemente aos Fundos de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (FDT) para apoiar financeiramente as atividades inovadoras das empresas. Neste estudo analisamos a eficácia do um FDT chileno, o programa FONTEC. Constatamos que os subsídios do FONTEC provocaram um aumento dos investimentos inovadores das empresas em ativos intangíveis (principalmente P&D), além de melhorarem as articulações entre atores no sistema de inovação. Entretanto, embora não tenhamos detectado indícios de crowding out (inibição), tampouco encontramos quaisquer evidências de aumento do financiamento privado da inovação devido aos subsídios (crowding in). Em termos de adicionalidade de resultados (output additionality), o FONTEC de fato aumentou a geração de emprego e a produtividade das empresas beneficiárias. As conclusões quanto a habilidades foram mais mistas, mas isso pode ter sido afetado pela baixa qualidade da variável habilidades na enquete.
Avaliação de impactos da Lei de Informática: uma análise da política industrial e de incentivo à inovação no setor de TICs brasileiro
Authors: Salles Filho Sérgio , Stefanuto Giancarlo , Mattos Carolina , Zeitoum Camila , Campos Fabio
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho objetivou identificar em que medida a Lei de Informática (LI) levou ao aumento da densidade produtiva e tecnológica da indústria de tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) no Brasil e à ampliação de sua participação no mercado internacional. Foram aplicados questionários eletrônicos em empresas usuárias da LI e Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICTs). Concluiu-se que a LI estimulou a expansão do mercado de TICs no Brasil por meio da produção local, mas com limitada adição de valor. As empresas ampliaram sua capacidade de inovação, porém não houve aumento significativo da participação do Brasil nas exportações de bens eletrônicos. Para ampliar os impactos da LI, propõe-se: aproveitamento dos setores de alta competitividade do país; foco no mercado global e exportações; identificação e estímulo do núcleo estratégico das empresas beneficiárias; e implantação de um sistema de avaliação continuada, composto por um sistema de indicadores para medição da densidade produtiva e tecnológica da indústria.
Editorial
Authors: Suzigan Wilson
Published: June 2017

É com enorme pesar que a editoria da Revista Brasileira de Inovação registra o falecimento, em 2011, de dois de seus mais importantes colaboradores, Fábio Stefano Erber e Antonio Barros de Castro. Ambos foram apoiadores entusiastas da revista desde o seu lançamento, em 2002, e colaboraram intensamente não só como membros ativos do quadro de editores associados, mas também como autores, avaliadores e interlocutores da editoria. A contribuição de ambos foi decisiva para que a RBI alcançasse o reconhecimento e a aceitação que tem hoje no meio acadêmico.
Fundo Setorial CT-Petro e a formação de capacitação científica e tecnológica no setor de óleo e gás: os casos das redes Norte/Nordeste de Asfalto e de Catálise
Authors: Faria Luciana de Oliveira , Ribeiro Maria Teresa Franco
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma investigação sobre os investimentos realizados a partir do Edital CT-Petro/CNPq-Finep 03/2001, cujo intuito foi fomentar a constituição e consolidação de Redes Cooperativas de Pesquisas, Inovação e Transferência de Tecnologia nas Regiões Norte/Nordeste, por meio do apoio a projetos de pesquisa científica e desenvolvimento tecnológico. Das 13 redes selecionadas, optou-se por um estudo de caso múltiplo de duas delas: uma coordenada por uma universidade federal, focada num produto (Rede Asfalto); e outra, pela única universidade particular participante, com foco num processo (Rede de Catálise). A análise foi respaldada nos conceitos de capacidades e competências científicas e tecnológicas, rotinas, aprendizado, conhecimento e redes, presentes na abordagem de Sistemas de Inovação. Como resultado, percebeu-se que, apesar das dificuldades e incipiência do processo de gestão, as Redes N/NE viabilizaram a seleção e difusão de tecnologias e, em alguns casos, a inovação, com resultados significativos para a região.
Inovação em um programa estratégico de desenvolvimento: o Programa Espacial Brasileiro
Authors: Dewes Mariana de Freitas , Padula Antonio Domingos
Published: June 2017

Este artigo apresenta um caso de desenvolvimento estratégico de tecnologia no Brasil, analisado sob a teoria da inovação aberta. Uma área de alta tecnologia de importância estratégica para o país, o setor aeroespacial, constitui o objeto de análise do presente artigo. Ao abordar esse programa específico como um estudo de caso, foi identificada uma rede com ligações entre instituições públicas e privadas. São discutidos temas específicos, como negócios, financiamento, propriedade intelectual, tendências tecnológicas e coordenação do grupo de instituições em empresas ao nível interorganizacional, e propostas alternativas para essa rede. Os principais resultados indicam que existe uma rede e que a abordagem da inovação aberta pode contribuir para melhorar a conscientização sobre assuntos ligados à propriedade intelectual, revelado pela análise como sendo um gargalo importante, além mitigar problemas relacionados a financiamento e escassez de recursos humanos qualificados para o setor.
Eficiência dos Dispêndios em Inovação nas Indústrias de Transformação do Brasil
Authors: Mendes Chrystian Soares , Lopes Luckas Sabione , Gomes Adriano Provezano
Published: June 2017

O presente estudo buscou identificar se 23 setores da indústria de transformação que investiram em atividades de inovação foram eficientes em 2003 e 2005, por meio da análise envoltória de dados, principalmente pelo modelo de retornos variáveis à escala. Verificou-se que o nível de eficiência reduziu-se consideravelmente ao longo dos anos, com o escore médio passando de 0,82 para 0,68 entre 2003 e 2005, além de, neste último ano, ter ocorrido uma mudança em relação às unidades eficientes. Os únicos setores eficientes nos dois anos foram os ligados à produção de derivados do petróleo, de metais não ferrosos e de automóveis em geral. Conclui-se, afinal, que a manutenção dos níveis de lucratividade em função dos gastos com inovação dos setores da indústria de transformação nacional depende de uma maior eficiência no uso destes recursos, com o intuito de alcançar ou, se possível, ultrapassar os padrões tecnológicos internacionais.
História da Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento na Bahia: vicissitudes e conquistas
Authors: Baiardi Amilcar
Published: June 2017

O início das atividades técnico-científicas do Imperial Instituto Bahiano de Agricultura − IIBA se deu em 1875, mas a abertura oficial do ensino das ciências agrárias só veio a acontecer em 15 de fevereiro de 1877, com o início dos cursos de engenharia agronômica e medicina veterinária. O IIBA foi pioneiro como arranjo de sustentação, pois contava com recursos da “Coroa” por meio de doações regulares de D. Pedro II, com financiamento da Província da Bahia via recursos orçamentários e com contribuições do setor produtivo, no caso os produtores de açúcar, proprietários de engenhos. Nesta primeira fase, o IIBA possuía 17 professores, a maioria constituída por brasileiros. A instituição oferecia, ainda, cursos técnicos, inclusive o de gerente florestal. Para conclusão dos cursos superiores era exigida a defesa de tese. O IIBA encerrou suas atividades de ensino superior em 1904, já com o nome de Instituto Bahiano de Agricultura − IBA, em virtude do advento da República, havendo formado 273 engenheiros agrônomos, uma vez que o curso de veterinária não se consolidou.
Competitividade da indústria brasileira no período recente de acordo com a taxonomia de Pavitt
Authors: Hermida Camila , Xavier Clésio Lourenço
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o desempenho e a competitividade das exportações brasileiras de acordo com a taxonomia de Pavitt, enfatizando o comportamento de setores com maior grau tecnológico no período entre 2001 e 2010. Buscou-se observar se houve mudança do padrão de especialização das exportações brasileiras no período recente, em quais indústrias o Brasil tem ampliado suas parcelas de mercado, por meio do indicador “market share”, e quais estão garantindo Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas, a partir do indicador VCR. A análise empírica demonstrou que o Brasil continua sendo mais competitivo nas exportações de bens que demandam fatores abundantes em recursos naturais. No entanto, alguns setores das categorias selecionadas revelaram que há um esforço inovativo para obter ganhos de competitividade no mercado mundial de produtos de alta tecnologia.
O Ensino da Propriedade Intelectual: mapeando as academias da rede global
Authors: Mendes Liliana Machado , Amorim-Borher Beatriz
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo geral apresentar um mapeamento das Academias de Propriedade Intelectual vinculadas à Rede Global de Academias de PI (Global Network on Intellectual Property Academies/GNIPA), identificando suas estruturas de gestão, missões, atividades e resultados e, ao mesmo tempo, contextualizando o estabelecimento das mesmas no reconhecimento de que inovação e propriedade intelectual passam a ser elementos centrais para competitividade econômica. Tal diagnóstico deverá oferecer informações relevantes para apoiar, entre outras coisas: o fortalecimento da cooperação técnica entre as mencionadas Academias, o acesso a recursos didáticos existentes e o estabelecimento de futuros programas de ensino e pesquisa no campo da propriedade intelectual.
Transbordamentos locais de conhecimento por meio de contatos informais: uma análise a partir do sistema local de indústrias TIC de Campinas
Authors: Araújo Veneziano Castro , Garcia Renato
Published: June 2017

O principal objetivo deste artigo é discutir o papel dos transbordamentos locais de conhecimento como forma de fomento aos processos de aprendizado em sistemas locais de produção. Para tanto, é utilizada metodologia apresentada por Dahl e Pedersen (2004) que mensura os transbordamentos locais por meio dos contatos informais mantidos pelos trabalhadores. Essa metodologia foi aplicada ao sistema local de empresas de TIC da região de Campinas, onde se realizou um survey com engenheiros, desenvolvedores e programadores de diversas empresas locais. Os resultados da análise indicam que há amplas trocas de informações e formas de compartilhamento do conhecimento pela via dos contatos informais, sendo que uma parcela expressiva desses conhecimentos foi considerada de alto valor. Além disso, o trabalho permitiu avaliar o caráter das atividades inovativas desenvolvidas e o papel dos conhecimentos obtidos nas redes locais de contatos informais para o apoio a essas atividades.
School Segregation Policy and Its Educational Ramifications for Internal Migrant Children in Urban China
Authors: Liu Ting , Laura Ronald S.
Published: June 2017

This paper reviews the current state of education for internal migrant children in urban China, with the aim of teasing out its ramifications for pedagogic equity expressed as performance outcomes. In recent years migrant children have been segregated predominantly in urban migrant schools, whereas students with a higher socioeconomic status may have access to integrated public schools populated mostly by urban children. This paper analyses publicly accessible policy papers and relevant scholarly literature to provide a contextualised interpretation of school segregation, with an aim to advance societal recognition of and responsibility for the inequities associated with the education of migrant children in China. Our intention is to tease out and make more transparent than has to date happened the implications of these disparities and inequities. It is to be hoped that this information will encourage policy makers to acknowledge that the amelioration of inequities in performance depends on reforming the current segregation procedures and administrative protocols which fail to maximise the access to equal educational opportunities to which Chinese migrant students should be entitled.
Financing Pattern and Utilization of Fixed Assets - A Study
Authors: Das Pradip Kumar
Published: June 2017

Fixed assets are the assets of permanent nature used in the operation of a business. These assets are earning assets and provide the basis for the firm's earning power and value. Due attention must be given to the management of fixed assets as they represent sizable outlay and involve the long-term financial commitment. A systematic blending of current and fixed assets into a profitable combination is a challenging task to the financial management. An analysis on the financing pattern and utilization of fixed assets is, therefore, vital for the management of a business enterprise.The financing pattern and utilization of fixed assets of Tata Steel Ltd., the selected company have been studied with the help of several statistical measures during the period from 2011-12 to 2015-16.The study reveals the sufficiency of owners' funds to finance fixed assets requirements and that the company had also enough long-term funds to finance the entire fixed assets as well as part of current assets. The pace of expansion in gross block on sales was not impressive in the years of study. Apart from this, slow increase in the indices of depreciation points out that overall provision for depreciation was moderate in the company under reference.
Oleanolic Acid Induces p53 Dependent Apoptosis via the ERK/JNK/AKT Pathway in Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Kim Gyeong-Ji , Jo Hyeon-Ju , Chung Kang-Hyun , Lee Kwon-Jai , An Jeung Hee
Published: June 2017

We evaluated oleanolic acid (OA)-induced anti-cancer activity, apoptotic mechanism, cell cycle status, and MAPK kinase signaling in DU145 (prostate cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and U87 (human glioblastoma) cells. The IC50 values for OA-induced cytotoxicity were 112.57 in DU145, 132.29 in MCF-7, and 163.60 in U87 cells, respectively. OA (at 100 µg/mL) increased the number of apoptotic cells to 27.0% in DU145, 27.0% in MCF-7, and 15.7% in U87 cells, when compared to control cells. This enhanced apoptosis was due to increases in p53, cytochrome c, and Bax expression. OA-treated DU145 cells were arrested in G2 because of the activation of p-ERK and p21, and the decrease in cyclin B1 and cyclin E expression. Furthermore, OA-treated MCF-7 cells were arrested in G1 owing to the activation of p-JNK, p-ERK, p21, and p27, and the decrease in p-AKT, cyclin E, and CDK2. U87 cells also exhibited G1 phase arrest caused by the increase in p-ERK, p-JNK, p21, and p27, and the decrease in CDK2. Thus, OA arrests the cell cycle in different phases, and increases apoptosis in cancer cells. These results suggest that OA may alter the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in a cancer type-dependent manner.
Akebia quinata Extract Combined with Korean Traditional Juice Activates Antioxidant Enzymes and Reduces Apoptosis and Inflammation
Authors: Song Da Hye , Kim Gyeong-Ji , Yoo Han Seok , Chung Kang-Hyun , Lee Kwon-Jai , An Jeung Hee
Published: June 2017

In this study, we investigated the effects of Akebia quinata ethanol extract (AE), Akebia quinata sikhye (AS), and Akebia quinata water extract (AW) on alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. The hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects of AE, AS, and AW were examined. Experimental animals were randomly divided into five groups: normal, ethanol, AE (10 mL/kg), AS (10 mL/kg), and AW (10 mL/kg). Each group was administered the respective treatment orally once per day for 21 days. CYP2E1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the AE, AS, and AW groups than that in the ethanol group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including cyclooxygenase-2, IL-6, and TNF-α increased significantly in the ethanol group but these increases were ameliorated with AE, AS, and AW treatment. Moreover, the expression of the apoptosis-associated proteins Bax, p53, procaspase-3, and PARP decreased after treatment with AE, AS, and AW. The expression of antioxidant enzymes including BCL-2, SOD, and GST slightly decreased in the ethanol group, but AE, AS, and AW treatment augmented their activities. AQ extracts and AS attenuated ethanol-induced increases in the levels of phosphorylated p-AKT, p-ERK, and p-JNK. These results demonstrate that AQ is a competence indicator for inhibiting alcoholic liver injury.
Challenges and Opportunities for Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into WaSH Development Planning in Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Salley , Hadwen Wade
Published: June 2017

Climate change threatens water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) facilities and services, as these are intimately linked to the water cycle and are vulnerable to changes in the quantity and quality of available water resources. Floods and droughts, which pollute and reduce water delivery respectively, have now become a perennial issue to deal with in the northern regions of the country, including the Bolgatanga Municipality. This study aimed to assess the degree to which climate change adaptation measures are mainstreamed into the WaSH development planning process in Ghana. Stakeholders from government and non-government agencies were interviewed to gain perspectives on the threat of climate change, the inclusion of climate change in WaSH planning and the barriers preventing mainstreaming. In general, despite awareness and concern about climate change, adaptation measures have been regarded to be far away from the immediate concerns of WaSH development planning. Most of the current measures are reactive and respond to environmental issues rather than to climate change stressors. In essence, stakeholders expressed the view that the adaptive capacity of the Municipality was low and that mainstreaming has not yet occurred. Despite the lack of progress, there are great opportunities for mainstreaming climate change adaptation into planning through increasing awareness and capacity, legislative and institutional changes and the development of participatory systems to provide early warning systems and disaster risk analyses that will inform future planning.
Ultra-low Anti-reflection Coating on a Plastic Cover Slip in Liquid for He-Ne Laser Light
Authors: Hsu Jin-Cherng , Cho Heng-Ying , Hsieh Tsang-Yen , Wang Jyh-Liang
Published: June 2017

An ultra-low anti-reflection optical coating on both surfaces of a plastic cover slip was studied for use in confocal image measurement. The optical reflectance at a wavelength of 632.8 nm was less than 0.1% when the coated sample was placed in a liquid having a refractive index of 1.34 close to the aqueous solution of the biomaterial. The high- and low-index coating films, Substance-2 (PrTiO3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2), were measured by an ellipsometer to determine their optical refraction indices and extinction coefficients. Theoretically, when the two layer thicknesses are designed using the optical admittance diagram of the cover slip to approach the equivalent index of 1.34, a reflectance of 1.6×10-5% in the liquid could be obtained. Experimentally, the reflectance of the sample deposited on the two faces of the cover slip was 4.223±0.145% as measured in the air; and 0.050±0.002% as measured by a He-Ne laser in the liquid.
A New Class of Integrals Involving Extended Mittag–Leffler Functions
Authors: Rahman Gauhar , Ghaffar Abdul , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Mubeen Shahid
Published: June 2017

The main aim of this paper is to establish two generalized integral formulas involving the extended Mittag–Leffler function based on the well known Lavoie and Trottier integral formula and the obtain results are express in term of extended Wright-type function. Also, we establish certain special cases of our main result.
Assessing Probabilistic Inference by Comparing the Generalized Mean of the Model and Source Probabilities
Authors: Nelson Kenric P.
Published: June 2017

An approach to the assessment of probabilistic inference is described which quantifies the performance on the probability scale. From both information and Bayesian theory, the central tendency of an inference is proven to be the geometric mean of the probabilities reported for the actual outcome and is referred to as the “Accuracy.” Upper and lower error bars on the accuracy are provided by the arithmetic mean and the -2/3 mean. The arithmetic is called the “Decisiveness” due to its similarity with the cost of a decision and the -2/3 mean is called the “Robustness”, due to its sensitivity to outlier errors. Visualization of inference performance is facilitated by plotting the reported model probabilities versus the histogram calculated source probabilities. The visualization of the calibration between model and source is summarized on both axes by the arithmetic, geometric, and -2/3 means. From information theory, the performance of the inference is related to the cross-entropy between the model and source distribution. Just as cross-entropy is the sum of the entropy and the divergence; the accuracy of a model can be decomposed into a component due to the source uncertainty and the divergence between the source and model. Translated to the probability domain these quantities are plotted as the average model probability versus the average source probability. The divergence probability is the average model probability divided by the average source probability. When an inference is over/under-confident, the arithmetic mean of the model increases/decreases, while the -2/3 mean decreases/increases, respectively.
Bringing Depth Data Alive: Conceive Human Intention through Web Visualisations of Head Pose and Emotion Changes †
Authors: Kalliatakis Grigorios , Stergiou Alexandros , Vidakis Nikolaos
Published: June 2017

Affective computing in general and human activity and intention analysis in particular, is a rapidly growing field of research. Head pose and emotion changes, present serious challenges when applied to player’s training and ludology experience in serious games or analysis of customer satisfaction regarding broadcast and web services or monitoring a driver’s attention. Given the increasing prominence and utility of depth sensors, it is now feasible to perform large-scale collection of three-dimensional (3D) data for subsequent analysis. Discriminative random regression forests was selected in order to rapidly and accurately estimate head pose changes in unconstrained environment. In order to complete the secondary process of recognising four universal dominant facial expressions (happiness, anger, sadness and surprise), emotion recognition via facial expressions (ERFE) was adopted. After that, a lightweight data exchange format (JavaScript Object Notation-JSON) is employed, in order to manipulate the data extracted from the two aforementioned settings. Motivated by the need of generating comprehensible visual representations from different sets of data, in this paper we introduce a system capable of monitoring human activity through head pose and emotion changes, utilising an affordable 3D sensing technology (Microsoft Kinect sensor).