bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abdurrahman b. Sehl el-Ensarî
Authors: DOKGÖZ Hatice
Published: June 2022

İslâm dininin temellerinin atılmasında önemli bir yere sahip olan sahâbenin hayatını tüm yönleriyle bilme işi tarihinin erken dönemlerinden itibaren merak edilen bir konu olmuştur. Muasır araştırmacıların ilgisini ise artık daha fazla çekmektedir. Tarih okumalarında özellikle tarihin çalkantılı olayları ve bu olaylarda aktif rol oynayan şahıslar daha fazla merak uyandırmış ve öncelikli olarak çalışılmıştır. Bu ön adımdan sonra sıra diğerlerine doğru gelmiş durumdadır. Çalışmamıza konu olan Abdurrahman b. Sehl el-Ensârî de bu sahâbeden biridir. Onun hayatını araştırmak için kaynaklara yöneldiğimizde aynı isimde birden fazla şahsın olduğunu tespit edip künye ve nispesinden hareketle şahsiyetini belirledik, böylece hayatını araştırdığımız sahâbînin hangi Abdurrahman b. Sehl olduğu netleştirilmiş oldu. Araştırmamızda Medine’ye hicretten sonra Müslüman olan Medineli Benî Hârise’den Abdurrahman b. Sehl’in nesebi, ailesi, Resûlullah ile birlikte katıldığı gazveler, ilk üç halife zamanındaki faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Abdurrahman b. Sehl el-Ensârî Medine döneminde müşrikler ile Müslümanlar arasında vuku bulan savaşlara katılmıştır. Hz. Osman ve Hz. Ömer’in halifeliği dönemlerinde de fetih hareketlerine iştirak etmiştir. Doğum tarihi bilinmeyen sahâbînin üçüncü halife Hz. Osman döneminde vefat ettiği saptanmıştır. Makalemizde birbirinden farklı bilgiler içeren haberler aktarılmış ve rivayetlere dair değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmamız kaleme alınırken özellikle sahâbe biyografilerinin ele alındığı Tabakât kitapları ve Umumî Tarih kitapları temel alınmıştır.
Efektifitas Terapi Mandi Air Hangat Terhadap Penurunan Insomnia Lansia Di Polewali Mandar
Authors: Najamuddin Nur Isriani , Ovia Maya , Roslianti Elis , Firmansyah Andan
Published: June 2022

Tujuan Penelitian: untuk mengetahui pengaruh Terapi Mandi Air Hangat terhadap penurunan Insomnia Lansia di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar.
Metode Penelitian: penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan quasi experiment dengan rancangan pretest-posttest with control group design. Dalam penelitian ini ada 20 sampel yang diambil dari total sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Subjek diberikan kuesioner pretest untuk menganalisis kejadian Insomnia lansia, dilanjutkan dengan memberikan terapi mandi air hangat pada sore hari selama 7 hari. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji wilcoxon signed rank test.
Hasil Penelitian: Uji statistik didapatkan bahwa ada pengaruh terapi mandi air hangat terhadap penurunan Insomnia lansia dengan (p=0.005).
Kesimpulan: Terapi mandi air hangat efektif dalam menurunkan insomnia lansia.
Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Tentang Hipertensi Dengan Pengendalian Tekanan Darah
Authors: Simanjuntak Edriyani Yonlafado , Situmorang Henny
Published: June 2022

Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi pengetahuan dan sikap tentang hipertensi dengan pengendalian tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi.
Metode: Penelitian merupakan deskriptif kolerasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross-Sectional dengan populasi seluruh pasien hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Medan Deli dengan teknik pengambilan sampel asidental sampling berjumlah 54 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan data dianalisis secara univariat dalam bentuk distribusi frekwensi dan persentase dan bivariat menggunakan uji  Chi Square Test.
Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa hubungan pengetahuan dengan pengendalian tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi diperoleh hasil p value = 0,004 dan hubungan sikap dengan pengendalian tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi diperoleh hasil p value = 0,002.
Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan pengendalian tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Diharapkan penderita hipertensi dapat menambah pengetahuan dan mampu bersikap dalam mengendalikan tekanan darah sehingga penyakit hipertensi yang dialami dapat dikontrol ataupun diminimalisir.
Pemenuhan kebutuhan pengetahuan dasar penyakit stroke pada masyarakat awam
Authors: Zati Rahayu Gumelar , Maulidiyah Hera , Monika Hani , Fauziah Halidah , Erik Irawan Bangbang
Published: June 2022

Introduction:Cerebrovascular injury or often referred to as a stroke is a sudden occurrence of neurological deficits due to the failure of the blood supply to a part of the brain. Insufficiency or interruption of the blood supply caused by thrombosis, usually secondary to arteriosclerosis, to embolism originating elsewhere in the body, or to bleeding from ruptured arteries.

Objective: The activities carried out are to provide fulfillment of basic knowledge needs about this stroke. Stroke, also known as screbrovascular injury (CVA) is the cessation of blood supply to the brain and causes the function of part of the brain to disappear.

Method: The method used in this counseling is based on strategy, implementation and action, ending with an evaluation carried out at the end of the extension with the number of questionnaires given to the community for the needs of the required research results.

Results: The fulfillment of the need for basic knowledge about stroke to the community and the community can implement the results of counseling in accordance with the directions that have been given.

Conclusion: The implementation is divided into several dimensions, namely timeliness and duration, participation, knowledge and problem solving. Work and evaluation carried out by 5 observators.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan tentang Bahaya HIV/AIDS dengan Permainan Kartu di Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Firmansyah  , Ayu Nur Azizah Riska , Kustika Ade , Ernawati  , Reza Husaeni Sahrul , Latifah Siti , Nurapandi Adi
Published: June 2022

Introduction: HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, the cause of the emergence of AIDS which will make it difficult for the human body to fight disease due to a weakened immune system. Every year new cases continue to be found and West Java occupies the fourth position with the most cases in Indonesia during 2020.
Objective: to increase the knowledge of students about the dangers of HIV/AIDS and invite them to jointly prevent it
Method: The activities carried out were pretest, educational card game, quiz discussion, and posttest. This game uses card media consisting of 36 cards for two groups, each group gets 18 cards. The cards consist of 6 quiz cards, 6 correct answer cards, and 6 wrong answer cards. The quiz on the card is a quiz about HIV/AIDS. Then all participants are invited one by one to come forward to take a quiz card and look for the right answer card within 10 seconds.
Result: The knowledge of the students of the Al-Hasan Islamic Boarding School has increased with the implementation of community service programs through the media of this card game. Where almost all correspondents can answer the quiz correctly after playing the game. They can find out more about what HIV/AIDS is, so that they can prevent the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in their surrounding environment.
Conclusion:  This educational card game can increase the knowledge of students who are still lacking about HIV/AIDS. With a fun method they can better understand and know how to respond to HIV/AIDS.
Tanggung Gugat Risiko Majikan atas Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum Bawahannya dalam Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas oleh Truk Tronton di Balikpapan: Siapakah yang Bertanggung Gugat dan Bagaimana Bentuk Ganti Kerugiannya?
Authors: Angela Krisna
Published: June 2022

Baru-baru ini terjadi kecelakaan yang disebabkan oleh sopir truk tronton saat sedang melakukan pekerjaannya. Kecelakaan di Balikpapan ini menimbulkan korban jiwa, korban luka, hingga kerusakan kendaraan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis hendak mengkaji pihak yang bertanggung gugat atas kecelakaan tersebut beserta bentuk ganti kerugian bagi korban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa majikan bertanggung gugat atas kerugian yang timbul dari perbuatan melanggar hukum yang dilakukan oleh bawahannya saat sedang melakukan tugas sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1367 ayat (3). Selain itu, korban kecelakaan ini dapat menuntut ganti kerugian materiil dan immateriil sesuai dengan Pasal 1370 BW dan Pasal 1371 BW.
Problematika Fleksibilitas Outsourcing (Alih Daya) Pasca-Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja Klaster Ketenagakerjaan
Authors: Milinum Sela Nopela
Published: June 2022

Penghapusan Pasal 64, 65, serta perubahan Pasal 66 UU Ketenagakerjaan mengenai ketentuan yang membatasi pekerjaan yang dapat dilakukan Alih Daya atau Outsourcing pada UU Cipta Kerja turut menuai pertentangan di kalangan pekerja. Alasan penentangan tersebut antara lain karena regulasi Outsourcing dalam UU Cipta Kerja dianggap mengeksploitasi dan memarjinalisasi sisi kemanusiaan pekerja karena memperluas lingkup kerja Outsourcing. Tujuan penelitian diatas adalah untuk memberikan kajian mengenai problematika regulasi Outsourcing pasca-UU Cipta Kerja yang akan memberikan keleluasaan kepada pengusaha untuk menggunakan pekerja Outsourcing, dimana hal ini dapat memicu praktik modern slavery, menurunnya jaminan serta kepastian kerja tetap, serta kerentanan jaminan dan hak-hak pekerja.
Quo Vadis Polemik Jaminan Hari Tua (JHT) Bagi Masa Depan Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia dalam Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 2 Tahun 2022
Authors: Fitri Mila Amalia , Eprilia Farina Firda , Praptiwi Fajry Awwaliyah
Published: June 2022

Pemerintah merilis Permenaker Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Jaminan Hari Tua (JHT) sebagai perlindungan sosial untuk menjamin kehidupan tenaga kerja di masa pensiun, namun regulasi ini menuai polemik di berbagai kalangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan mengacu kepada bahan hukum sekunder berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan penolakan hadirnya permenaker terbaru ini karena dinilai tidak memenuhi unsur sosiologis dan Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik sebagaimana tercantum dalam undang-undang Administrasi Pemerintahan. Pemerintah seharusnya dapat mengedepankan kebutuhan masyarakat agar tidak memberi kesan hanya memenuhi kepentingan segelintir orang saja.
Hepatitis B Virus, Genotypes and Subtypes
Authors: Adel Dawood Ali
Published: June 2022

Hepatitis simply means inflammation of liver. This word came from heap: the Latin for liver and “titis” means inflammation. In addition to viruses, many varieties of agents can cause hepatitis such as bacteria, parasites, fungi and chemical agents including drugs, toxins and alcohol. Hepatitis B virus is classified as an Orthohepadna virus (Genera) within the family Hepadnaviridae. This family Includes the wood chuck hepatitis virus WHV, the duck hepatitis virus DHBV, and several other avian and mammalian variants. The human HBV has been shown to infect chimpanzees, Barbary macaques and tree shrews. All hepadnaviridae have similar to hepatotropism and life cycles in their hosts. HBV infection is a global health problem which is 50–100 times more infectious than HIV. Approximately 400 million people are carriers of chronic liver disease every year due to consequences of the disease. Not only HBV can infect hepatocytes but also infects in extrahepatic sites including lymph nodes, bone marrow, circulating lymphocytes, spleen and pancreas. Hepatitis B virus can occur as an acute or chronic disease. Previously, HBV genotypes have been classified into eight genotypes (A-H) and because of genome diversity is a hallmark of HBV virus allowed its classification into (10) genotypes (A–J). The clinical relevance of such genotype is yet unclear. Detection of HBV genotype is very important to clarify the pathogenesis, rout of infection and virulence of the virus. The major classification of HBV subtype is sorted into 4 subtypes or serotypes (adr, adw, ayr, and ayw). The four possible combinations define the major subtypes and additional amino acids contribute to immunogenicity. These subtypes can be further classified into (9) serotypes (adw2, adw4q-, adrq+, adrq-, ayw1, ayw2, ayw3, ayw4 and ayr). Epidemiologic studies found that the prevalence of these serotypes varies in different parts of the world.
The Hope of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Alves Moreira Rayane , da Silva Borges Moema , Luiza Gonçalves Moura Ana
Published: June 2022

Hope facilitates the adaptation of disability to health care. In the context of chronic kidney disease, hope is a relevant factor, as it encourages patients to adhere to treatments that include invasive procedures, change their lifestyle, and remain, even if weakened, in a painful and delicate treatment. Currently, there are three main therapies for the advanced stage of chronic kidney disease: hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and kidney transplantation. The last is the ideal treatment, but not all patients can be transplanted, for different reasons. Thus, most individuals in a situation of renal failure undergo hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Kidney failure is an unpleasant and difficult disease to accept. In general, a chronic renal patient on dialysis can live in anguish, fear, and insecurity about their subsequent quality of life. Thus, you can abandon your everyday life desires as well as your dreams of enjoying more favorable conditions in the future. The Herth Hope Scale aims to quantify hope in individuals in clinical situations. Therefore, this chapter will deal with the level of hope of dialysis patients, proposing a comparison between those who undergo hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Antioxidant Potential of Phytoconstituents with Special Emphasis on Curcumin
Authors: Deokate Uday , Upadhye Mohini
Published: June 2022

Various fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, edible macrofungi, microalgae, and medicinal plants are containing phytoconstituents which are considered to be antioxidants. Polyphenols and carotenoids are the two main kinds of antioxidant phytochemicals and they contribute the most to the antioxidant properties of plant and its derivatives are widely employed as antioxidants. Turmeric is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant (Curcuma longa) of the ginger family. The medicinal properties of turmeric, the source of curcumin, have been known for thousands of years; however, the ability to determine the exact mechanism(s) of action and to determine the bioactive components have only recently been investigated. Curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), also called diferuloylmethane, is the main natural polyphenol found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and in others Curcuma spp. Curcumin, a polyphenol, has been shown to target multiple signaling molecules while also demonstrating activity at the cellular level, which has helped to support its multiple health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Curcumin has received worldwide attention for its multiple health benefits, which appear to act primarily through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
A Conceptual Project Management Maturity Model for the South African Power Sector
Authors: Gareeb Natisha , Mutajwaa Daniel Rwelamila Pantaleo
Published: June 2022

The study proposes a conceptual model for measuring project management maturity (PMM) in the SA’s power sector. While generic models are available this paper aims to bridge the gap and develop one for the power sector. The research question this paper is trying to answer is: “What are the parameters that make up the conceptual model for PMM in the SA power sector?” The study is based on a literature review. The authors reviewed the relevant journals to search for key parameters for measuring PMM. The study proposes a conceptual model for measuring PMM in the SA’s power sector. The focus of this paper was limited to the peer reviewed articles and journals.
Multi-Features Assisted Age Invariant Face Recognition and Retrieval Using CNN with Scale Invariant Heat Kernel Signature
Authors: Kumar Kamarajugadda Kishore , Pavani Movva
Published: June 2022

Face recognition across aging emerges as a significant area among researchers due to its applications such as law enforcement, security. However, matching human faces with different age gaps is still bottleneck due to face appearance variations caused by aging process. In regard to mitigate such inconsistency, this chapter offers five sequential processes that are Image Quality Evaluation (IQE), Preprocessing, Pose Normalization, Feature Extraction and Fusion, and Feature Recognition and Retrieval. Primarily, our method performs IQE process in order to evaluate the quality of image and thus increases the performance of our Age Invariant Face Recognition (AIFR). In preprocessing, we carried out two processes that are Illumination Normalization and Noise Removal that have resulted in high accuracy in face recognition. Feature extraction adopts two descriptors such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Scale Invariant Heat Kernel Signature (SIHKS). CNN extracts texture feature, and SIHKS extracts shape and demographic features. These features plays vital role in improving accuracy of AIFR and retrieval. Feature fusion is established using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) algorithm. Our work utilizes Support Vector Machine (SVM) to recognize and retrieve images. We implement these processes in FG-NET database using MATLAB2017b tool. At last, we validate performance of our work using seven performance metrics that are Accuracy, Recall, Rank-1 Score, Precision, F-Score, Recognition rate and computation time.
Devious Phloem Intruder Candidatus Liberibacter Species Causing Huanglongbing: History, Symptoms, Mechanism, and Current Strategies
Authors: Karuppaiya Palaniyandi , Huang Junyuan , Zhang Muqing
Published: June 2022

Huanglongbing (HLB) or greening is a devastating phloem-intruding bacterial disease that generates various symptoms in leaves and fruits, threatening the global citrus industry. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus are the causative agents of HLB in citrus-producing regions around many countries, and these proteobacteria are being vectorized by Diaphorina citri and Triozaerytreae. The lack of HLB-resistant citrus cultivars, the rapid spread of disease, and the fastidious nature of HLB-proteobacteria have made it difficult to mitigate HLB in the citrus field. There are numerous reports on the control of HLB disease using thermotherapy, chemotherapy, plant defense activators, brassinosteroids, and nanoemulsions. However, there is no evidence of such applicability of the methods mentioned above to complete the elimination or suppression of the pathogen to control HLB disease. We aim to provide an overall picture of HLB disease, its distribution, causal organism, pathogenic mechanism, and current and future strategies for combat against citrus Huanglongbing disease. This review may prompt the researchers toward an integrated and environmentally sustainable methodology for the mitigation/elimination of HLB pathogens.
Thermo-Rheological Effect on Weak Nonlinear Rayleigh-Benard Convection under Rotation Speed Modulation
Authors: Manjula S.H. , Kiran Palle
Published: June 2022

The effects of rotation speed modulation and temperature-dependent viscosity on Rayleigh-Benard convection were investigated using a non-autonomous Ginzburg-Landau equation. The rotating temperature-dependent viscous fluid layer has been considered. The momentum equation with the Coriolis term has been used to describe finite-amplitude convective flow. The system is considered to be rotating about its vertical axis with a non-uniform rotation speed. In particular, we assume that the rotation speed is varying sinusoidally with time. Nusselt number is obtained in terms of the system parameters and graphically evaluated their effects. The effect of the modulated system diminishes the heat transfer more than the un-modulated system. Further, thermo-rheological parameter VT is found to destabilize the system.
Minimally Invasive Laminectomy for Lumbar Stenosis with Case Series of Patients with Multi-level (3 or More Levels) Stenosis
Authors: Perez-Cruet Mick , Pérez de la Torre Ramiro , Ramanathan Siddharth
Published: June 2022

Lumbar stenosis is the most common pathology seen and treated by spine surgeons. It is often seen in the elderly population who frequently have multiple medical co-morbidities. Traditional approaches remove the spinous process and detach paraspinous muscles to achieve adequate canal decompression. This approach can damage the posterior tension band leading to permanent muscle damage, scar tissue formation, iatrogenic flatback syndrome, and increase risk of adjacent segment disease requiring reoperation. Performing lumbar laminectomy in a cost-effective manner is critical in effectively treating patients with lumbar stenosis. This chapter reviews a minimally invasive muscle-sparing approach to treating lumbar stenosis. The technique is performed through a tubular retractor. Direct decompression of the spinal stenosis is achieved while preserving the paraspinous muscle attachments and spinous process. This technique has multiple advantages and can potentially reduce load stress on adjacent levels and subsequent adjacent level pathology leading to further surgical intervention. In addition, the procedure shows how facet fusion is performed using the patient’s own locally harvested drilled morselized autograph to achieve bilateral facet fusion. By fusing the facets, we have shown that restenosis at the operative level is less likely to occur. This chapter will review a case series of multilevel lumbar stenosis including clinical outcomes.
Pharmaceutical Crystals: Development, Optimization, Characterization and Biopharmaceutical Aspects
Authors: Bongioanni Agustina , Soledad Bueno Maria , Alejandra Mezzano Belén , Raquel Longhi Marcela , Garnero Claudia
Published: June 2022

In the solid state, the active pharmaceutical ingredients tend to exhibit crystalline order. In this regard, the interest in the crystalline solid state has expanded to include single-component compounds as well as multicomponent systems such as salts, hydrates, solvates, and co-crystals. The study of crystalline behavior is recognized as an essential component of preformulation research in pharmaceutical sciences and industries. The crystalline form can impact the drug properties such as solubility, dissolution rate, stability, hygroscopicity, and toxicity profile. Therefore, each solid form must be appropriately identified and characterized because it will affect the drug formulation, including the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety properties of the formulation. In this context, this chapter will cover topics such as synthesis approaches (including nucleation and crystallization procedures), crystal polymorphism, solid state characterization techniques and the impact of crystals on physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties.
Survey of Snakes Bites among Snake Endemic Communities in North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Manjur Shah Mohammad , Sabiu Imam Tijjani , Bala Aisha , Tukur Zainab
Published: June 2022

Snake envenomation is increasingly recognized as a serious, worldwide public health concern and a neglected tropical disease of global importance especially in the North Eastern Nigeria. The scarcity of data regarding such snake fauna couple with its ability to inflict immense misery to the poorest of the population justifies the need to identify such snakes and some of the clinical features of snakebite victims in these endemic areas. Both primary and secondary data were collected during the study. Result revealed that 10 venomous snake species were reported in Gombe, Taraba and Bauchi state. The most abundant snake species is the Echis ocellantus (Carpet or saw scaled viper) having the highest frequency of encounter followed by the Bitis arientans (Puff Adder) and Naja nigricolis (Black Spiting Cobra). The Kaltungo General Hospital in Gombe is one of the major treatment centers in the North-Eastern Nigeria. About 2945 Human snakebite cases were reported in the Hospital in the year 2018, the highest snake envenoming were observed in October with 16.1% frequency while January has the least snakebite cases of 1.7%. The burden of snakebite envenoming in the North-Eastern Nigeria is a serious public health challenge which desperately need to be addressed.
Application of Attention Focus in Rehabilitation to Promote Motor Performance and Motor Learning
Authors: Sawai Shun , Fujikawa Shoya , Yamamoto Ryosuke , Nakano Hideki
Published: June 2022

Attention focus plays an essential role in promoting motor performance and motor learning. There are two types of attention focus: internal focus and external focus. Internal focus refers to direct attention inside the body while external focus refers to direct attention outside the body. Several studies have reported that external focus positively affects motor performance and motor learning by promoting automatic control. The mechanisms of attention focus have been examined using electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During rehabilitation, therapists promote patients’ movement acquisition and motor learning. This chapter reviews the application of attention focus in rehabilitation to promote motor performance and motor learning in patients.
Monitoring Brain Activities Using fNIRS to Avoid Stroke
Authors: Chen Yun-Hsuan , Sawan Mohamad
Published: June 2022

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging wearable neuroimaging technique based on monitoring the hemodynamics of brain activity. First, the operation principle of fNIRS is described. This includes introducing the absorption spectra of the targeted molecule: the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Then, the optical path formed by emitters and detectors and the concentration of the molecules is determined using Beer-Lambert law. In the second part, the advantages of applying fNIRS are compared with other neuroimaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The compared parameters include time and spatial resolution, immobility, etc. Next, the evolution of the fNIRS devices is shown. It includes the commercially available systems and the others under construction in academia. In the last section, the applications of fNIRS to avoid stroke are presented. The challenges of achieving good signal quality and high user comfort monitoring on stroke patients are discussed. Due to the wearable, user-friendly, and accessibility characteristics of fNIRS, it has the potential to be a complementary technique for real-time bedside monitoring of stroke patients. A stroke risk prediction system can be implemented to avoid stroke by combining the recorded fNIRS signals, routinely monitored physiological parameters, electronic health records, and machine learning models.
Effect of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Shivering in Cesarean Section under Intrathecal Anesthesia: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nesioonpour Sholeh , Bayat Soraya , Ghomeishi Ali , Behaeen Kaveh , Savaie Mohsen , Ahmadzadeh Azar
Published: June 2022

Background: Shivering is one of the most common side effects after cesarean section (C-section) under spinal or epidural anesthesia. However, it is often not treated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous dexmedetomidine (DEX) in the prevention of shivering after intrathecal anesthesia in women undergoing C-sections. Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 women candidates for elective C-sections under intrathecal anesthesia who were referred to Imam Khomeini Governmental Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, during 2020 - 2021. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of intravenous DEX (group D; 0.5 µg/kg) and normal saline (control, group C) and received the medications after umbilical cord clamping. All patients were evaluated during and after surgery for hemodynamic changes, the incidence and severity of shivering based on Chu and Tsai, side effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting), and sedation level based on the Ramsey scale. Results: The incidence of shivering in group C was significantly higher than in group D (P = 0.003). Moreover, the severity of shivering on minutes 20, 30, and 45 in group C was significantly higher than in group D (P < 0.05). The mean sedation score during minutes 10 - 30 in group D was significantly higher than in group C (P < 0.05). Heart rate was not significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in group D than in group C (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The administration of intravenous DEX effectively reduces the incidence and severity of shivering and provides appropriate sedation in patients undergoing C-sections, and it does not cause remarkable side effects.
Chemotherapy and Related Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Review of Literature
Authors: Sodeifian Fatemeh , Mokhlesi Aida , Allameh Farzad
Published: June 2022

Context: Cancer is a detrimental illness that affects patients’ quality of life and other aspects of a healthy life. Chemotherapy has been shown to have a direct and indirect effect on the sex organs of women. Evidence Acquisition: We searched in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar. The keywords for our search were as follows: “Chemotherapy” OR “Cancer treatment” AND “Sexual dysfunction “OR “Sexuality” OR "libido” OR "dyspareunia" OR "orgasmic disorder" OR "sexual disorder". We evaluated the articles based on their abstract and 92 studies were selected and used in the present study. Results: Chemotherapeutic agents damage ovaries and could cause premature ovarian failure. Furthermore, chemotherapy disturbs the femininity aspects of patients and reduces their libido. In this review article, we aimed at a better understanding the effect of chemotherapy on the sexual function of female cancer survivals. Conclusions: In conclusion, chemotherapy is one of the most common cancer treatments affecting sexual health aspects, such as decreased libido, arousal and orgasm, dyspareunia, dysfunction of the sexual response cycle before puberty, and vulvovaginal atrophy. However, many patients are reluctant to discuss their sexual problems.
Platelet-Rich Plasma for Musculoskeletal Disorders: No Infection Reported in Daily Practice
Authors: Landro Maria Eulalia , Martucci Lucia Camila , Margulies Matias , Douglas Price Ana Laura , Caviglia Horacio Alberto
Published: June 2022

Background: Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous blood product defined by a concentration of platelets higher than baseline. Enough evidence supports its application for the treatment of orthopedic disorders. Objectives: The aim of this study was to report the absence of infection and/or complication events related to platelet-rich plasma treatment in patients with musculoskeletal disorders of diverse etiologies. Methods: This transversal and descriptive study included a total of 513 patients, presenting either common orthopedic disorders or hemophilic synovitis/arthropathy. Peripheral whole blood was collected in the presence of anticoagulant and centrifuged. Platelet-rich fraction was separated under sterile conditions. Before injection, the affected area was sanitized and covered with sterile field drapes. Injections were performed in the procedure room under ultrasound image. No anesthesia or antibiotics were administered. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test and Cramer’s V test. Results: Of the 923 procedures, 63.2% were intra-articular, and 36.8% were performed in soft tissues. Intra-articular injections were more common in patients with hemophilia, compared with patients without hemophilia (P < 0.001). The most commonly affected anatomical sites were: the knee, the ankle, the hip, and the elbow, with a higher prevalence of ankle and elbow disorders in patients with hemophilia, compared with patients without hemophilia (P < 0.001). Among patients with hemophilia, 13 presented HCV infection, one presented HIV infection, and three were coinfected with HCV and HIV. Twelve patients presented inhibitors. No complications were observed during blood extraction or after platelet-rich plasma injection. No infections occurred at the site of injection. Conclusions: Our platelet-rich plasma preparation and administration protocol under sterile conditions considerably reduce the chances of contamination and further complications associated with it. The occurrence of infection after intra-articular or soft tissue injection was nil in this study, even in patients with hemophilia.
Design and Development of Heritage Building Information Model (HBIM) Database to Support Maintenance
Authors: Chen Weiya , Yaun Jiameng , Luo Hanbin
Published: June 2022

HBIM is an important and useful asset for historical building protection. It hassignificant advantages in the digital structured archiving of building structures and materials,which has been widely used and studied. This paper proposes a novel framework of HBIMdatabase, which can be further divided into four parts: architectural status database, constructiontechnique database, pathology database and featured element database. We integrated all kinds ofdata during the whole update process into the HBIM platform, and present in detail the content and organization of each constituting part. This HBIM database is timely updated and maintained tokeep all information from the beginning to the end of the update process, so as to provide animportant basis for better use and maintenance of historical buildings.
Freedom of expression or censorship of antisemitic hate speech?
Authors: Haanshuus Birgitte P.
Published: June 2022

Taking the dilemma between freedom of expression and censorship of antisemitic hate speech as a point of departure, this article explores how three prominent and controversial Norwegian far-right alternative media perceive and perform comment moderation and how editorial and audience perspectives on the issue correspond. Based on a critical discourse analysis of interviews with key staff members and a strategic selection of comment sections, the article demonstrates how both moderators and debaters understand the boundaries between legitimate and illegitimate expressions and how transgressive content should be dealt with. The article argues that when it comes to regulating comment sections, these oppositional media actors are not so alternative after all. The study illustrates how comment moderation is crucial for all actors who seek to obtain or protect their legitimacy, regardless of their (counter-) position in the public sphere. While there is widespread agreement on antisemitic hate speech as illegitimate, there is, however, more tolerance for generalising statements about Muslims and immigrants, which underpins these actors’ antagonism towards these groups.
Recognition of multi-modal fusion images with irregular interference
Authors: Wang Yawei , Chen Yifei , Wang Dongfeng
Published: June 2022

Recognizing tomatoes fruits based on color images faces two problems: tomato plants have a long fruit bearing period, the colors of fruits on the same plant are different; the growth of tomato plants generally has the problem of occlusion. In this article, we proposed a neural network classification technology to detect maturity (green, orange, red) and occlusion degree for automatic picking function. The depth images (geometric boundary information) information of the fruits were integrated to the original color images (visual boundary information) to facilitate the RGB and depth information fusion into an integrated set of compact features, named RD-SSD, the mAP performance of RD-SSD model in maturity and occlusion degree respectively reached 0.9147.
Deletion of two-component system QseBC weakened virulence of Glaesserella parasuis in a murine acute infection model and adhesion to host cells
Authors: Yan Xuefeng , Dai Ke , Gu Congwei , Yu Zehui , He Manli , Xiao Wudian , Zhao Mingde , He Lvqin
Published: June 2022

The widespread two-component system (TCS), QseBC, involves vital virulence regulators in Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae. Here we studied the function of QseBC in Glaesserella parasuis. A ΔqseBC mutant was constructed using a Glaesserella parasuis serovar 11 clinical strain SC1401 by natural transformation. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate cellular adhesion, the levels of inflammation and apoptosis. The ability of ΔqseBC and ΔqseC mutant strains to adhere to PAM and MLE-12 cells was significantly reduced. Additionally, by focusing on the clinical signs, H&E, and IFA for inflammation and apoptosis, we found that the ΔqseBC mutant weakened virulence in the murine models. Together, these findings suggest that QseBC plays an important role in the virulence of Glaesserella parasuis.
Emotional and Behavioral Performance among Adolescents Attending at Outpatient Departments of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bristi Syfunnahar , Haseen Fariha , Hasan Md. , Khan Niaz Mohammad , Ahmed Helal Uddin , Islam Syed Shariful
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the research was to assess emotional and behavioral presentation among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic visiting outpatient departments of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and to compare the extent of emotional and behavioral symptoms among adolescents with key factors related to COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents from 11–17 years of age attending six outpatient departments of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from October to December 2020. A purposive sampling technique was applied and total 146 samples were selected. A validated Bangla SDQ scale of youth self-report measure (11 to 17 years) baseline version was used for data collection. Data were collected by a face-to-face interview. The study protocol was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were executed for data analysis by using SPSS-25 and MS Excel Software. On basis of SDQ-25 scale, among the three variables, around one–third respondents (34%) had emotional symptoms while 31% and 17% had conduct symptoms and hyperactivity symptoms respectively during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the adolescents who had a history of positive symptoms for COVID-19, 26.5% had hyperactivity symptoms, on the other hand adolescents who had no history of positive symptoms for COVID-19, only 9.8% had significant hyperactivity symptoms. There was a highly significant association (p=0.004) present between behavioral (hyperactivity) symptoms and having a history of positive symptoms for COVID-19. Adolescents who had wariness about uncertainty of COVID-19 pandemic, 25% had significant emotional symptoms on the other hand who had no wariness about uncertainty of COVID-19 pandemic, 14.3% had emotional symptoms. There was significant association (p=0.048) present between emotional symptoms with ‘felt wariness about uncertainty of COVID -19 pandemic. There was also an association (p=0.035) present between behavioral (hyperactivity) symptoms with ‘relationship status among friends. A higher proportion of female adolescents had emotional and hyperactivity symptoms than male adolescents. However, male adolescents suffered mostly for conduct symptom compared to female. Adolescents attending in selected outpatient departments of BSMMU, were especially vulnerable to emotional and behavioral problem based on symptoms developing during COVID-19 pandemic.
On the Restrained Cost Eective Sets of Some Special Classes of Graphs
Authors: Mangubat Darwin P. , Jr. Isagani S. Cabahug,
Published: June 2022

Let G be a nontrivial, undirected, simple graph. Let S be a subset of V (G). S is a restrained cost effective set of G if for each vertex v in S, degS(v) \(\leq\) degV (G)rS(v) and the subgraph induced by the vertex set, V (G) r S has no isolated vertex. The maximum cardinality of a restrained cost effective set is the restrained cost effective number, CEr(G). In this paper, the restrained cost effective sets of paths, cycles, complete graphs, complete product of graphs and graphs resulting from line graph of graphs with maximum degree of 2 were characterized. As a direct consequence, the bounds or exact values for the restrained cost effective number were determined as well.
Basic Concepts of High throughput Metabolomics in Plants
Authors: Chakrawarti Neha , Verma Rajshree , Brahma Thirangtha , Das Apurba , Narzary Prety R. , Sharma Sanjib , Goswami Soumitro , Gogoi Manuranjan , Dutta Roshmi
Published: June 2022

Each cell contains many different metabolites and chemical molecules which are generated during cellular process. All the metabolites present in a cell at a particular time is called metabolome. The study of all the metabolites and their modification in a particular condition is called metabolomics. Metabolome is closely linked with genotype, physiology and environment. So,in a nutshell, metabolomics is the study of substrates and products of metabolism which are influenced by the genetic and environmental factors. In plants, metabolomics has now been frequently developed and studied in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. High throughput metabolomics includes time efficient and effective metabolite profiling techniques. These techniques are chromatography based and chromatography free methods. Chromatographic methods are NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS . Chromatographv free techniques include DI-MS,FI-MS,MALDI and Ambient MS . This paper will give an idea about how metabolomics work in elucidating plants phenotype, how sample is prepared for metabolite profiling, different techniques of metabolite profiling and various metabolomic databases.
Studies on Fungal Spoilage of Stored Zea mays L. (Maize) Grains in Two Markets in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulrazak Adebayo O. , Tolulope Ewekeye S. , Opeyemi Oyetunji S. , Oyedamola Oke A. , Faith Alonge O.
Published: June 2022

Maize is one of the most essential staple foods consumed and its spoilage by fungi has been a serious concern to humans since the dawn of agriculture and food storage. Therefore, this research was aimed at isolating, identifying and determining the toxicity level of fungi causing spoilage of stored maize grains. Grain samples of maize were collected from Igando and Alaba markets in (Lagos State) from the top and bottom of maize bags from both market stores. Samples were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar for fungal isolation. All isolates were identified using morphological and microscopic features. Also, the affordable qualitative method (ammonia vapour test) was carried out in order to identify some selected isolates that are aflatoxigenic. Petri- plates containing these isolates were flipped upside down and 2ml of concentrated ammonia solution (Extra Pure AR grade) was poured into the lid of inverted culture plates and observed for 10-15 minutes inside a desiccator for proper release of ammonia vapour. The genera of fungi isolated were; Aspergillus (57.15%), Fusarium (21.43%), Penicillium (7.14%) and Rhizopus (14.29%). The dominant genus was Aspergillus. The exposure of selected isolates to ammonia vapour led to varying degrees of colour changes which included pink, red and plum red. Similarly, isolates that were moderately poisonous were pink in colour, least poisonous showed red colour and very poisonous isolates indicated plum red colour. The findings from this study indicated that Aspergillus spp. are mostly responsible for spoilage of maize grains in storage and contamination with A. flavus can lead to poison production.
Development of Integrated Palm Fruit Juice Machine
Authors: Ekeoma G. C. , Nwadinobi C. P. , Mejeh K. I. , Kalu D. I.
Published: June 2022

The processing of Palm fruit juice in Nigeria have not been fully exploited due to its non-mechanization. Large percentage of palm fruit juice in Nigeria market is processed from the traditional method which is not only unhygienic but is equally labourious and time consuming. In this research work, a palm fruit juice extracting machine comprising an outer tub, inner tub, shaft, pulley, electric motor, belt, band heater, agitator and lagging material was developed and tested. The machine was evaluated for performance and the results obtained show throughput capacity of 0.87kg/min and efficiency of 93.7 . In addition, at a process time of 12.6min the mechanized method gave an average process efficiency of 93.22% against the traditional method with efficiency of 48.33%. The juicer was powered with 1HP electric motor. All the materials used in the fabrication of this machine were sourced locally and the estimated cost of producing one unit is fifty-five thousand, six hundred and fifty naira (₦55, 650.00). This concept design of an integrated palm fruit juice machine has significantly improved ease of extracting juice from palm fruits and drastically reduce intensive labour with improved hygiene. This machine is therefore highly recommended over the traditional method.
Structural basis for the catalytic mechanism of the glycoside hydrolase family 3 isoprimeverose‐producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase from Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Matsuzawa Tomohiko , Watanabe Masahiro , Nakamichi Yusuke , Akita Hironaga , Yaoi Katsuro
Published: June 2022

Aspergillus oryzae isoprimeverose‐producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase (IpeA) releases isoprimeverose units (α‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐d‐glucose) from the non‐reducing end of xyloglucan oligosaccharides and belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 3. In this paper, we report the X‐ray crystal structure of the IpeA complexed with a xyloglucan oligosaccharide, (XXXG: Glc4Xyl3). Trp515 of IpeA plays a critical role in XXXG recognition at positive subsites. In addition, docking simulation of IpeA‐XXXG suggested that two Tyr residues (Tyr268 and Tyr445) are involved in the catalytic reaction mechanism of IpeA. Tyr268 plays an important role in product turnover, whereas Tyr445 stabilizes the acid/base Glu524 residue, which serves as a proton donor. Our findings indicate that the substrate recognition machinery of IpeA is specifically adapted to xyloglucan oligosaccharides.
A Monolithic Silicon‐Mesoporous Carbon Photosupercapacitor with High Overall Photoconversion Efficiency
Authors: Berestok Taisiia , Diestel Christian , Ortlieb Niklas , Glunz Stefan W. , Fischer Anna
Published: June 2022

Off‐grid devices require autonomous power supply systems that can be achieved via coupling a solar cell with a supercapacitor in one integrated multifunctional device that is able to harvest energy from the environment, store, and release it on demand. Herein, a straight‐forward approach is proposed to realize a monolithic photosupercapacitor rechargeable under illumination by integrating a silicon (Si) solar cell with an electrochemical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) based on mesoporous N‐doped carbon nanospheres (MPNC) in a three‐electrode configuration, i.e., via a shared electrode. The optimized porous structure of the MPNC‐EDLC electrodes results in a high storage efficiency of 95% and a superior performance compared to an activated carbon based EDLC. When monolithically integrated with a highly compatible and technologically robust Si solar cell in a photosupercapacitor, fast charging up to 0.63 V (2.5 V for a module of four photosupercapacitors connected in series) in less than 5 s is attained even under weak illumination conditions, with an outstanding peak overall efficiency of 11.8%. These results show high potential toward the development of photorechargeable and decentralized power sources for deployed smart electronic devices.