bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating immersion and migration decisions for agent-based modelling: A cautionary tale
Authors: Bijak Jakub , Modirrousta-Galian Ariana , Higham Philip A , Prike Toby , Hinsch Martin , Nurse Sarah
Published: February 2023

Background: Agent-based modelling provides an appealing methodological choice for simulating human behaviour and decisions. The currently-dominant approaches based on static transition rates or unverified assumptions are restrictive, and could be enhanced with insights from cognitive experiments on actual decision making. Here, one common concern is that standard surveys or experiments may lack ecological validity, limiting the extent to which research findings can be generalised to real-life settings. For complex, highly emotive decision-making scenarios, such as those related to migration, the typically-used short, methodical survey questions may not appropriately map onto complex real-world decisions of interest. Immersive contexts may offer more accurate representations of reality, potentially enhancing the usefulness of experimental information in multi-disciplinary modelling endeavours.

Methods: This pre-registered study of migration decisions, aimed at informing a multi-disciplinary construction of an agent-based model of migration, presents a choice-based interactive fiction game in which players make migration decisions to advance through a story. Participants (N = 1000 Prolific users) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions, three involving different renditions of the game attempting to create immersion, with the last condition presenting the decisions in standard survey format.

Results: Although addressing the lack of ecological validity in survey data is important for improving agent-based modelling methodology, the experimental design used to tackle this issue, while responding directly to modelling needs, proved too complex. The created experimental conditions ended up too distinct from each other, involving stimuli that differed in quantity and content. This introduced several unintended and uncontrolled confounds, making it impossible to meaningfully interpret the results of this experiment on its own. Our results act as a cautionary tale for agent-based modellers, highlighting that the modelling needs should not override the principles of experimental design, and provide motivation for more rigorous research on this topic.
Acknowledging the gap: a systematic review of micronutrient supplementation in infants under six months of age
Authors: Stelle Isabella , Venkatesan Sruthi , Edmond Karen , Moore Sophie E.
Published: February 2023

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies remain common worldwide, but the consequences to growth and development in early infancy (under six months of age) are not fully understood. We present a systematic review of micronutrient interventions in term infants under six months of age, with a specific focus on iron supplementation.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid) from January 1980 through December 2019. Interventions included iron or multiple micronutrients (MMNs).

Results: Of 11,109 records identified, 33 publications from 24 trials were included (19 iron and five MMN supplementation trials). All but one trial (evaluating only morbidity and mortality) evaluated the effect of supplementation on biochemical outcomes, ten reported on growth, 15 on morbidity and/or mortality and six on neuro-behavioural development. Low- and middle- income countries made up 88% (22/25) of the total trial locations. Meta-analysis was not possible due to extensive heterogeneity in both exposure and outcome measures.  However, these trials indicated that infants less than six months of age benefit biochemically from early supplementation with iron, but the effect of additional nutrients or MMNs, along with the impacts on growth, morbidity and/or mortality, and neuro-behavioural outcomes remain unclear.

Conclusions: Infants less than six months of age appear to benefit biochemically from micronutrient supplementation. However, well-powered randomised controlled trials are required to determine whether routine supplementation with iron or MMNs containing iron should commence before six months of life in exclusively breast-fed infants in low-resource settings.
Eating disorders in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Piekarska Małgorzata , Kasperski Radosław , Pikulicka Agata , Pacek Katarzyna , Jedlina Klaudia , Szulc Izabela , Swacha Weronika , Aghadi Artur , Janczewska Martyna , Kamińska Izabela
Published: February 2023

Introduction and purpose: Eating disorders are an ever-growing problem, both in the general population and also in the population of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, for this specific group of patients, there is a twofold higher risk of developing eating disorders, the occurrence of additional distinct forms of these disorders, the so-called diabulimia - consisting of deliberate restriction of insulin delivery or skipping insulin doses, which can consequently lead to poor metabolic control of diabetes , and even threaten the lives of patients. The purpose of this work is to present the current state of knowledge on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

The state of knowladge: The background of the onset of eating disorders in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus includes the lowered self-esteem accompanying early adolescence, stress, excessive focus on external appearance, as well as difficulties in accepting the diagnosis and a rather strict dietary regime. Since the treatment of eating disorders is long and difficult, the most important goal becomes effective prevention and rapid selection of patients with a predisposition to develop such disorders. The first screening tools - SEEDS, m-SCOFF and DEPS-R questionnaires - have already been developed, and the effectiveness of therapy sessions aimed at this group of patients is also being studied. 

Summary: Therapy of eating disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes should be targeted at this specific patient population. It requires cooperation and communication of teams dealing separately with these diseases, education of the staff and their thorough knowledge of the background of the problem, prompt action and, above all, the development of specific guidelines for management, methods of prevention and the earliest possible start of treatment, which will also include the patient's caregivers.
impact of primary care physicians’ education about easy skin lesion diagnosis algorithm on skin cancers screening effects
Authors: Matyka Kamila , Uniłowska Izabela , Karwańska Aleksandra , Kojder Ewa , Dolenha Arsen , Kulbat Aleksandra , Dovzhuk Yuliia , Ochał Justyna , Ferschke Anna , Matyszewska Aleksandra
Published: February 2023

Introduction and purpose: 
Number of new cases of skin cancers grows every year. Melanoma malignum is responsible for approximately 75 percent of death from skin cancer. General practitioners are often first medical professionals who see patients with suspicious skin lesions. Early diagnosis can benefit in improving survival rates. Dermoscopy is a useful tool for dermatological diagnostic purposes not only for dermatologists, but also for Primary Care Physicians.This review aims to analyze the role of easy 3-step Triage Amalgamated Dermoscopy Algorithm performed by family medicine physicians in skin cancers detection. 
Material and methods:
We searched PubMed database in order to collect relevant studies about skin cancers diagnoses by family medicine physicians using dermoscopy algorithms. 
Results:
An analysis of multiple studies shows that short Triage Amalgamated Dermoscopy Algorithm training taken by primary care physicians resulted in better diagnosis accuracy of skin cancer identification. After education about 3 benign skin lesion patterns and 7 signs of potential malignancy general practitioners reported more confidence in the diagnostic process and both sensitivity and specificity of examination increased post-training.
Conclusion:
Teaching Primary Care Physicians how to diagnose patients with suspicious skin lesions using Triage Amalgamated Dermoscopy Algorithm may have a beneficial effect on increasing the number of early-diagnosed skin cancers which may result in improving survival rates.
Podstawy turkologii dla bałkanistów
Authors: Stachowski Marek
Published: February 2023

Basics of Turkology for Balkanists offers a brief introduction to the little-known field of Rumelian studies, a discipline that concerns itself with the question of mutual influence between Turkish and the languages of the Balkans. At the same time, the author took advantage of this opportunity to present his own, hitherto unpublished views (see e.g. chapter 7). Besides the Introduction, the work consists of seven chapters: 1) Terms, classification, and the presence of Turkish in the Balkans; 2) The most important features of the Turkish language (presented in 25 thematic subchapters); 3) Turkish dialects of Anatolia and Rumelia; 4) The Karamanlides and the Karamanli dialect; 5) The Gagauz people and language; 6) Transcription texts and rhyming dictionaries; 7) Sample problems in Rumelian studies. The whole is completed by a Turkish-Polish glossary, bibliography, and a list of abbreviations. The aim of the book is to present problems in Rumelian studies in such a way as to enable the reader to independently navigate the specialist literature.
The Motherhood Wage Penalty and Female Entrepreneurship
Authors: Yang Tiantian , Kacperczyk Aleksandra (Olenka) , Naldi Lucia
Published: February 2023

The need to resolve work–family conflict has long been considered a central motive for women’s pursuit of entrepreneurship. In this paper, we propose and empirically uncover a novel mechanism driving female entrepreneurship: reduced earnings opportunities in wage employment due to motherhood status. Combining insights from career mobility research and the motherhood penalty literature, we propose that women who become mothers will disproportionately launch a new business to reduce the motherhood penalty they would otherwise incur in wage work due to employer discrimination. We further predict that this tendency to launch a new venture will be more pronounced for women who occupy high-paying or managerial positions, given the higher opportunity cost of staying in wage work and the higher potential payoffs from entrepreneurship that accrue mothers occupying such positions. Using matched employer–employee data from Sweden that distinguish new-venture founding from self-employment, we find support for our arguments. Overall, this study sheds light on the two antecedents of female entrepreneurship and contributes to a more thorough understanding of what motivates women to pursue irregular and atypical careers, such as entrepreneurship.

Funding: This work was supported by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation (Ewing Marion Kauffman Junior Faculty Fellowship) and the Wharton Dean’s Research Fund.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1657 .
Fatigue and its impact on performance and health
Authors: Sutherland Ceri , Smallwood Aidan , Wootten Tom , Redfern Nancy
Published: February 2023

An increasing body of evidence suggests that fatigue among healthcare staff is widespread, owing to a combination of high work intensity, long daytime hours and night-shift working. This has been linked to poorer outcomes for patients and longer inpatient stays, and to increased risks of work-related accidents, errors and injuries for practitioners. These include needlestick injuries and motor vehicle accidents, and other impacts on practitioner health, ranging from cancer, mental health problems, metabolic disorders to coronary disease. Other 24-hour safety-critical industries have fatigue policies that acknowledge the risks of staff fatigue and provide a system to manage it and mitigate harm, but these are still lacking within healthcare. This review explains the basic physiology behind fatigue and outlines its impacts on healthcare practitioners’ clinical practice and wellbeing. It proposes methods to minimise these effects for individuals, organisations and the wider UK health service.
Desafíos en el cuidado de personas con Covid-19 en posición prono: apoyo al estudio internacional PRONEtect
Authors: Campos Heidi Hevia , Vásquez Andrea Icaza , Mazzachiodi Lily Ríos , de Gouveia Santos Vera Lucia Conceição
Published: February 2023

Sinopsis:

El siguiente editorial presenta los resultados de una encuesta a los líderes de las 13 asociaciones de la Confederación Multidisciplinar Latinoamericana de Heridas, Estomas e Incontinencias (COMLHEI). La encuesta buscó determinar, de manera general, la situación de los pacientes con Covid-19 en posición prono (PP) con desarrollo de lesiones por presión (LPP). Los resultados indican que, en América latina, las LPP en pacientes en PP son frecuentes. Se evidenciaron deficiencias en estudios epidemiológicos y de elementos de protección, prevención y educación, además de brechas entre los diferentes países e instituciones en cuanto a la disponibilidad de personal para poder cumplir con las recomendaciones de posicionamiento de los pacientes. Las autoras sugieren tener en cuenta los resultados del estudio internacional PRONEtect para identificar, revisar y evaluar las pautas internacionales de pronación y cuidado de la piel, y hacer un inventario de los equipos y recursos de capacitación de uso común.
Childhood Sexual Abuse, Intellectual Disability, and Subsequent Physical and Mental Health Disorders: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Daigneault Isabelle , Paquette Geneviève , De La Sablonnière-Griffin Mireille , Dion Jacinthe
Published: February 2023

This study assesses whether children with intellectual disability (ID) are more at risk of sexual abuse and whether they have similar consultation rates for physical and mental health disorders than children without ID. The matched-cohort design study uses administrative databases of children who had a sexual abuse report corroborated by a child protection agency and a matched group from the general population. Children with ID were 3.5 times more likely to have a corroborated sexual abuse report when compared to their peers without ID and a higher post-abuse number of medical consultations for physical and mental health disorders. Children with ID are more at risk of sexual abuse and physical and mental health disorders and may also be more vulnerable to the effects of abuse.
Improving Retention of Diverse Samples in Longitudinal Research on Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Song Jieun , Dembo Robert S. , Smith DaWalt Leann , Ryff Carol D. , Mailick Marsha R.
Published: February 2023

Developmental disabilities (DD) research has depended on volunteer and clinical samples, with limited racial/ethnic diversity. This study focused on improving diversity and retention in DD research. The sample included 225 parents with a child with DD and 4,002 parents without children with DD from diverse racial/ethnic groups, drawn from Midlife in the United States, a national longitudinal study. Unexpectedly, parents of children with DD from diverse racial/ethnic groups were more likely to participate longitudinally than other groups. Relative participant payment was a factor that enhanced their likelihood of retention. This research illustrates how large national studies can be leveraged to increase representativeness and ongoing participation of diverse racial/ethnic groups, especially in combination with other factors, such as parenting a child with DD.
Transportation and Community Participation Among Autistic Adults
Authors: Song Wei , Salzer Mark S. , Pfeiffer Beth , Shea Lindsay L.
Published: February 2023

This study investigated how the amount, breadth, and sufficiency of community participation differed in terms of transportation modes used by autistic adults (N = 751). Autistic adults who had access to more transportation modes had a greater amount of community participation. Driving was related to enhanced participation. Those dependent on others or service transportation had poorer participation outcomes than those who used more independent transportation options. The associations are generally similar regardless of the richness of public transit available, although they appear stronger in more limited transit areas. These findings have several implications for providing support to enable autistic adults to participate in their communities in the areas that are important to them and to the extent they desire.
Rapid ultraviolet photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy using voice-coil stage scanning
Authors: Cikaluk Brendyn D. , Restall Brendon S. , Haven Nathaniel J. M. , Martell Matthew T. , McAlister Ewan A. , Zemp Roger J.
Published: February 2023

There is an unmet need for fast virtual histology technologies that exhibit histological realism and can scan large sections of fresh tissue within intraoperative time-frames. Ultraviolet photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy (UV-PARS) is an emerging imaging modality capable of producing virtual histology images that show good concordance to conventional histology stains. However, a UV-PARS scanning system that can perform rapid intraoperative imaging over mm-scale fields-of-view at fine resolution (<500 nm) has yet to be demonstrated. In this work, we present a UV-PARS system which utilizes voice-coil stage scanning to demonstrate finely resolved images for 2×2 mm2 areas at 500 nm sampling resolution in 1.33 minutes and coarsely resolved images for 4×4 mm2 areas at 900 nm sampling resolution in 2.5 minutes. The results of this work demonstrate the speed and resolution capabilities of the UV-PARS voice-coil system and further develop the potential for UV-PARS microscopy to be employed in a clinical setting.
Spectrometer based on a compact disordered multi-mode interferometer
Authors: Poudel Ankit , Bhattarai Pravin , Maharjan Rijan , Coke Maddison , Curry Richard J , Crowe Iain F , Dhakal Ashim
Published: February 2023

We present a compact, CMOS compatible, photonic integrated circuit (PIC) based spectrometer that combines a dispersive array element of SiO2-filled scattering holes within a multimode interferometer (MMI) fabricated on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The spectrometer has a bandwidth of 67 nm, a lower bandwidth limit of 1 nm, and a peak-to-peak resolution of 3 nm for wavelengths around 1310 nm.
Data rate measurement method with selectable range in linear optical sampling
Authors: Tian Qinghua , Zhang Shenghua , Wang Fu , Li Zhipei , Gao Ran , Tian Feng , Yang Leijing , Zhang Qi , Wang Yongjun , Xin Xiangjun
Published: February 2023

Linear optical sampling (LOS) is one of the most powerful techniques for high-speed signal monitoring. To measure the data-rate of signal under test (SUT) in optical sampling, multi-frequency sampling (MFS) was proposed. However, the measurable data-rate range of the existing method based on MFS is limited, which makes it very difficult to measure the data-rate of high-speed signals. To solve the above problem, a range selectable data-rate measurement method based on MFS in LOS is proposed in this paper. Through this method, the measurable data-rate range can be selected to match the data-rate range of SUT and the data-rate of SUT can be measured precisely, independently of the modulation format. What’s more, the sampling order can be judged using the discriminant in the proposed method, which is key for plotting eye diagrams with correct time information. We experimentally measure the baud-rates of PDM-QPSK signal from 800 MBaud to 40.8 GBaud in different ranges and judge the sampling orders. The relative error of measured baud-rate is less than 0.17% while the error vector magnitude (EVM) is less than 0.38. Compared with the existing method, under the same sampling cost, our proposed method realizes the selectivity of the measurable data-rate range and the judgment of sampling order, greatly extends the measurable data-rate range of SUT. Hence, the data-rate measurement method with selectable range has great potential for high-speed signal data-rate monitoring.
Study of Raman scattering enhancement method based on optical multiplexing for on-line detection of gas components in strong-impact environments
Authors: Wu Zhenjie , Wang Sheng , Shao Jun , Wang Ke , Zhang Zhenrong , Tao Mengmeng , Ye Jingfeng
Published: February 2023

On-line gas detection under strong impact such as combustion and explosion is of great significance for understanding the reaction processes. To realize simultaneous on-line detection of various gases under strong impact, an approach based on optical multiplexing for enhancing spontaneous Raman scattering is proposed. A single beam is transmitted several times using optical fibers through a specific measurement point in the reaction zone. Thus, the excitation light intensity at the measurement point is enhanced and the Raman signal intensity is substantially increased. Indeed, the signal intensity can be increased by a factor of ∼10, and the constituent gases in air can be detected with sub-second time resolution, under a 100 g impact.
Polarization-selective narrow band dual-toroidal-dipole resonances in a symmetry-broken dielectric tetramer metamaterial
Authors: Fei Wu , Jiang Xiaoyun , Dai Liangkun , Qiu Wei , Fang Yuwei , Li Dongmei , Hu Jigang , Zhan Qiwen
Published: February 2023

Here we propose a metasurface consisting of symmetry-broken dielectric tetramer arrays, which can generate polarization-selective dual-band toroidal dipole resonances (TDR) with ultra-narrow linewidth in the near-infrared region. We found, by breaking the C4v symmetry of the tetramer arrays, two narrow-band TDRs can be created with the linewidth reaching ∼ 1.5 nm. Multipolar decomposition of scattering power and electromagnetic field distribution calculations confirm the nature of TDRs. A 100% modulation depth in light absorption and selective field confinement has been demonstrated theoretically by simply changing the polarization orientation of the exciting light. Intriguingly, it is also found that absorption responses of TDRs on polarization angle follow the equation of Malus’ law in this metasurface. Furthermore, the dual-band toroidal resonances are proposed to sense the birefringence of an anisotropic medium. Such polarization-tunable dual toroidal dipole resonances with ultra-narrow bandwidth offered by this structure may find potential applications in optical switching, storage, polarization detection, and light emitting devices.
Constrained multi-objective optimization problem model to design multi-band terahertz metamaterial absorbers
Authors: Ma Limin , Wang Zhenghua , Feng Linghua , Dong Wende , Guo Wanlin
Published: February 2023

The multi-band metamaterial absorbers studied today offer optimal sensing performance by maximizing the absorption at resonance frequencies. A constrained multi-objective optimization problem (CMOP) model is proposed to intelligently obtain the optimized geometrical parameters of the designed MA for optimal multi-band absorption. The proposed multi-band terahertz metamaterial absorber is formed by a patterned metallic patches (symmetric snowflake-shaped resonators) layer and a continuous metallic layer separated by a dielectric layer. The simulation results show that there are three discrete narrow resonance peaks with the absorption of 99.1%, 90.0%, and 99.9% in the range of 0.5–2 THz after being optimized by the proposed CMOP model. The reflection loss of all resonance modes is improved significantly compared with the conventional brute-force approach. Specifically, reflection loss at the highest resonance frequency is suppressed from -6.76 dB to -28.17 dB. Consequently, the reported MA design can be used as a refractive index sensor with the highest sensitivity of 495 GHz/RIU and the figure of merit (FoM) of 8.9 RIU−1 through a refractive index ranging from 1.0 to 1.6 at the analyte thickness of 18.5 μm. It is worth noting that most of the liquid samples have a refractive index ranging from 1.0 to 1.6. Therefore, the reported sensor can be used for liquid detection with high sensitivity.
Spectral properties of IR-filamentation in air induced by 1 ps pulses for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Boden André , Nolte Stefan , Ackermann Roland
Published: February 2023

We investigate the spectral properties of ps laser-induced filamentation in air using an ultrafast thin-disk based amplifier at a central wavelength of 1030 nm with a maximum pulse energy of 60 mJ at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. We show that the spectrum induced by filamentation in air is sufficiently broad to excite ro-vibrational Raman transitions in N2, O2 and CH4. The excitation is probed with the second harmonic (515 nm) to generate CARS signals in air. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of optical windows on the CARS signal for applications in combustion and gasification diagnostics.
Foraging for fashion’s future: The use of mycelium materials and fungi intelligence in fashion design
Authors: Chittenden Tara
Published: February 2023

In reaction to the climate crisis, we have seen the emergence of environmental fashion trends that seek to limit energy use and cut emissions, with the aim of building sustainability. The provocation to design in concert with our biosphere is driving fashion designers to renegotiate our relationship with living systems in the quest for innovative ecological design models. This article explores the transformative coupling of fungi fabric and fashion. It considers how fashion brands and designers might develop new languages by bringing fungi’s root intelligence into wearable forms. A body of remarkable experiments has shown that fungi engage in decision-making, are capable of learning and possess short-term memory. The intelligence of the fungal ecosystem and its ability to repair damage in its own structure brings new possibilities to the idea of a ‘smart’ textile. Preserving these active qualities in a textile raises challenges for fashion brands and consumers about how to store the garments and whether we would need to feed our wardrobe of the future to keep it alive. If use of mycelium in fashion is to progress beyond the Petri dish or catwalk novelty, challenges of consistency and scale need to be addressed. Far from the ‘perfect cure’, fungi materials raise questions about their eco-credentials, finishing treatments and disposability, and the ethics of working with living organisms. With a rising experimentation in bio-fabrics, I suggest the need for a critical discourse of materials that aims to promote new questions and scholarship on the intersections between body and botany, decomposition and drapery, and engineering and ecosystems.
The Effect Of Hydroquinone On The Level Of Methaemoglobin In HbAA And HbSS Erythrocytes
Authors: GRACE OPARA ONYINYECHI
Published: February 2023

The in-vitro studies of the effect of hydroquinone on plasma methaemogtobin!evels was carried out using two human red blood cell genotypes -- HbAA and HbSS, A total of twenty confirmed blood genotypes were used at absorbances of 540nm and 630nm for both erythrocytes. The mean (± S.D) of plasma methaemoglobin of HbSS erythrocytes were 10.83% ± 3.09% (control) while the test blood samples (0,5%hydroquinone) exhibited elevated plasma methaemoglobin levels of 23.59 ±3.094%. The mean ± S.D OF plasma methaemoglobin of HbAA genotype were 1.34% (0.5% hydroquinone respectively.Statistical analysis showed significant different with respect to the HbSS also a significant difference was observed in HbAA genotype(P < 0.05). The result showed that hydroquinone has the propensity to elevate methaemoglobin in HbSS and also in HbAA genotype erythtocytes.
Quasi liquid layer-pressure asymmetrical model for the motion of of a curling rock on ice surface
Authors: Hao Yuze , Wang Yueqi
Published: February 2023

在本文中，我们提出了一个基于准液体层的新模型来解释为什么冰表面上的冰层岩石的横向运动方向与其他物质表面相反。众所周知，在惯性力的作用下，冰壶前部冰面所受压力大于后部。因此我们断言，在不同压力下，卷曲前的摩擦系数低于岸上的摩擦系数。为了解释压力对摩擦系数的影响，我们定性地解释了摩擦系数在压力下增加的原因，并近似计算了压力与冰表面准液体层厚度之间的关系。然后我们计算温度之间的函数表达式，
Impact of refractive errors and their correction on academic performance of school_age children.
Authors: madhuni khairi
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background : Childhood is when learning begins, and a child's ability to learn is highly influenced by accurate vision. It has been shown that children with vision impairment might experience severe effects on their academic performance, social interaction, and growth.

Aim and objectives : to study the impact of refractive errors and their corrections on the academic performance of school-age children of different age groups.

Subjects and methods: The compressive search was conducted by using the databases:MEDLINE/PubMed and the folkowing free key words.e.g.: Refractive errors,, Academic performance, School_ age children. A primary search of databases yielded 220 records. After duplicates removal, 90 potentially eligible articles were identified. A total of 8 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and were included in the final review. Results: our study revealed that a significant impact was observed in the average academic scores of the results after refractive corrections. Conclusion: that there is strong evidence that there isa significant impact of refractive errors and their correction on academic performance of school age children, good near vision is imperative to performing optimaly in the majority of academic tasks required of students and that academic performance beneficial results will be obtained if the spectacle correction given for students with errors of refraction.

Keywords: Refractive errors, Academic performance, School-age children.
Moving North: Intra-Racial Conflicts, White Resistance, And Radicalism of New Negroes in Harlem and Chicago
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Beni
Published: February 2023

In the early twentieth century there was an essential period in the history of the United States called the Great Migration, during which a large number of Blacks from the southern states of America and the islands in the Caribbean moved to northern cities of the country. These black people migrated simply because 'of the impact of the war on the labor market' which 'stopped the flow of European immigrants' and of the fact that jobs in northern cities had a better pay than those in the South. From many destinations, Harlem and Chicago were among the most favored ones. This essay aims to examine the motivations and experiences of New Negroes in Harlem and Chicago as these two cities drew much attention to Blacks in the Southern cities of America as well as in the Caribbean. This essay argues that the influx of Blacks to Harlem and Chicago created intra-racial conflicts within black communities and resistance from white people. Yet all the disputes and problems faced by New Negroes in Harlem and Chicago inspired them to fight actively by organizing themselves in order to find workable solutions.
Masjid as an Institution of Reforming Almajiri Education System: A Policy Option for State Governments in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Dukawa Saidu Ahmad , Usman Abbo , Gwandu Umar Jibrilu
Published: February 2023

One of the critical issues bedeviling the Muslim community in Northern Nigeria is the current trend of the Almajiri system of education where children at tender age are made to excruciatingly fend for themselves in the name of search of Islamic knowledge. This has become a source of concern as the children are not only deprived of their basic rights of healthy and decent living, but are also prone to many misdemeanors. Numerous governmental and (non-) faith-based organizations have been struggling to transform the system. This paper highlights the crucial role of Masaajid as a rallying point for Muslims; for prayers, study cycles, holding meetings, conflict resolution, contracting marriages, offering charity, provision of shelter to the destitute, among others. Hence, the paper brings into limelight ways in which Masaajid in Northern Nigeria can be used through zakah and waqf, contribution of philanthropists and other stakeholders in reforming the Almajri system of education through the use of masaajid as alternative school system thereby implementing better ways of eradicating the scourge. The paper concludes that masaajid provide veritable alternatives for result-oriented learning in serene and descent atmosphere devoid of inhumane treatment and in conformity with the pristine teachings of Islam.
Gender and Animals in Elif Şafak’s 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in this Strange World Novel
Authors: Djohar Hasnul Insani , Adhania Rifa Fajri
Published: February 2023

This article examines the representation of the 20th-century Turkish patriarchal system in Elif Șafak’s 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in this Strange World (2019) novel. It also evaluates how the novel describes the sufferings and the resistance towards oppression through the portrayal of animals subtly linked to gender issues. The approach used in this research is qualitative and presented in descriptive form. The data is collected through phrases referring to animals supporting or resisting the patriarchal authority. This study was framed by the animal metaphor theory and theory of the patriarchal structures proposed by Sylvia Walby (1990). The result of the study discovered that Elif Șafak uses five animal expressions to represent women's sufferings, powerlessness, and lack of freedom, such as wild animal, ram and lamb, pigeon, duck, and rabbits. Contrary, the superior position of men is represented by the mosquito. On the other hand, the wolf is the only animal metaphor that expresses society's opposition to patriarchal power. Meanwhile, bird and butterfly serve as symbols of freedom. However, this study also discovered that there are six animal metaphors formulated against the system that are also subject to oppression and exploitation, such as cat, deer, blue betta fish, horse, turtle, and spider. All in all, almost all the characters depicted as animals in the novel are victims of the 20th-century Turkish patriarchal system and gender issues covering all six aspects of Walby's theory.
Change in the Affixation Meaning in Animation Film Entitled ‘Bilal: A New Breed of Hero’ (Semantic Analysis)
Authors: Salimova Fernanda Venturini Nur
Published: February 2023

Bilal: a New Breed of Hero is a film produced by Barajoun Entertainment and released in 2015 in Arabic and English. This study aims at identifying the meaning change of Arabic affixation occurring in the film. The theory used is Chaer's theory of meaning change in semantic studies. The study used a descriptive qualitative method on depictions that can provide an objective picture and the tenique Meanwhile, the researchers used listening and taking notes to collect the data. The collected data were then analyzed using a semantic approach, especially affixation consisting of meaning change and the factors that influence it. The results showed that the Bilal film: A New Breed of Hero conveys five meaning changes. Those changes are broadening, narrowing, total change, euphemism, and dysphemism. As for two factors, linguists and non-linguists, influence the change in meaning. The results found in this study which consists were 52 research data consisting of 16 the amount of broadening data (30,8%), 18 of narrowing data (34,6%), 10 of total change data (19,2%), 5 of euphemism data (9,6%), and 3 of dysphemism data (5,8%).
Mapping and monitoring subtle ground deformation in Sindos, Greece, with high precision digital leveling
Authors: Kalaitzis Panagiotis , Mouratidis Antonios , Vladenidis Polyvios , Ampatzidis Dimitrios , Moshopoulos Georgios , Domakinis Christos , Pantazopoulou Zoe , Karadimou Georgia , Perivolioti Triantafyllia-Maria , Terzopoulos Dimitrios , Giataganas Evaggelos , Foumelis Michael , Soulakellis Nikolaos , Katsampalos Konstantinos-Vasileios
Published: February 2023

Several studies have focused on the ground displacement phenomena in the broader area of the Thessaloniki Plain, Greece. Although there is a general consensus on the diachronic occurrence of subsidence, there have been recent studies that also report considerable uplifts. In order to resolve some of these ambiguities and to further study and monitor the area, new, high-accuracy leveling measurements were conducted during 2018–2020 in the vicinity of the town of Sindos. Findings indicate a total vertical displacement of up to about −15 mm, whereas the continuation of a clear overall subsidence tendency rather than uplift has been verified.
Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
Authors: Tian Shan , Chen Ying , Cai Zhien , Wang Qianjin , Zhang Jiarui , Liu Zhilan , Li Yueyue , Zhao Xusheng
Published: February 2023

Jujube leaf tea is a functional beverage that soothes the nerves. In this study, we evaluated the effects of carbendazim and harpin on disease index, biomass accumulation, H2O2, antioxidant contents, and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in young jujube leaves. Compared to harpin, carbendazim decreased the disease index and induced higher H2O2 content. Additionally, the pesticide reduced young leaf biomass accumulation. In contrast, harpin increased vitamin C, glutathione, total phenolics, and total antioxidant capacity in young leaves compared to carbendazim. Compared with the control, harpin enhanced the PAL activity. Carbendazim residues were present in treated leaves for 14 days. Our study findings provide a method for improving jujube leaf tea quality from a pesticide utilization perspective.
Technical review of supervised machine learning studies and potential implementation to identify herbal plant dataset
Authors: Carnagie Jeremy Onesimus , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Istanto Iwan , Budiana Eko Prasetya , Singgih Ivan Kristianto , Yaningsih Indri , Mikšík František
Published: February 2023

The use of technology in everyday life is unavoidable, considering that technological advancement occurs very quickly. The current era is also known as industry 4.0. In the industry 4.0 era, there is a convergence between the industrial world and information technology. The use of modern machines in the industry makes it possible for business actors to digitize their production facilities and open up new business opportunities. One of the developments in information technology that is being widely used in its implementation is machine learning (ML) technology and its branches such as computer vision and image recognition. In this work, we propose a customized convolutional neural network-based ML model to perform image classification technique for Indonesian herb image dataset, along with the detailed review and discussion of the methods and results. In this work, we use the transfer learning method to adopt the opensource pre-trained model, namely, Xception, developed by Google.
Effect of ECAP die angle and route type on the experimental evolution, crystallographic texture, and mechanical properties of pure magnesium
Authors: Alateyah Abdulrahman I.
Published: February 2023

In the current study, the effect of equal channel angular pressing parameters such as die route type and die angle were studied. Billets of pure magnesium (Mg) were processed successfully through up to 2-passes of different routes, A, Bc, and C, using equal channel angular pressing dies with different internal angles of 90° and 120° at 225°C. The crystallographic texture and microstructural evolution were investigated using electron back-scatter diffraction. The Vickers microhardness and tensile properties were investigated, analyzed, and linked to the microstructure and crystallographic texture as well. The as-annealed condition revealed relatively coarse equiaxed grains coupled with some extra-elongated grains with average grain size of 6.338 µm. Processing through 2-passes formed an ultrafine grain structure and recrystallized fine grains. This decrease in grain size was associated with hardness and tensile strength enhancement as compared with the as-annealed Mg counterpart. ECAP processing through the 90° die revealed that 2-passes of route Bc was more effective in grain refinement compared to routes A and C, and it reduced the average grain size by 76.45% compared to the as-annealed counterpart. On the other hand, for the ECAP die with 120°, route A was more effective in grain refinement compared to the other routes. Processing through 2-passes of route C resulted in a stronger texture compared to the other routes with momentous rotation for the texture components. Processing of 2-A, 2-Bc, and 2-C through the 90°-die revealed an increase in the Vickers Hardness (HV) of 76.9, 96, and 84.6%, respectively, compared to the AA counterpart. In addition, the tensile findings revealed that the 90°-die resulted in higher ultimate tensile strength coupled with a drop-in ductility compared to the 120°-die. Furthermore, ECAP processing through the 90°-die led to improvement in the ultimate tensile strength by 14.1, 38.4, and 43.75%, respectively, coupled with improving the Mg ductility by 80.9, 73.5, and 47.6% through processing via 2-A, 2-Bc, and 2-C, respectively, compared to the as-annealed counterpart.
Antioxidant activity in off and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and valve replacement surgery
Authors: Azari Ali , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Moravvej Zahra , Rahsepar Amir Ali , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Salehi Maryam , Bigdelu Leila
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Cardiac surgeries initiate oxidative stress, increasing organ dysfunction development and mortality. The present study investigated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as an antioxidant enzyme, in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass (CABG) and heart valve replacement surgeries.

Methods

A prospective study was performed on patients with proven coronary artery disease (CAD) or valvular heart disease (VHD) candidates for on- or off-pump CABG and valve replacement surgery. Serum SOD activity was measured preoperatively, at 24 h postoperatively, and at the time of discharge. In addition, echocardiography was performed before surgery and at discharge.

Results

A total of 48, 51, and 47 patients were enrolled in the on-pump, off-pump CABG, and valve replacement groups, respectively. Baseline serum SOD activity showed no significant association with BMI, age, and blood pressure in either CAD or VHD patients. The SOD values decreased at the 24 h postoperative time and then increased at the time of discharge in all groups, except for a slight decrease in the on-pump group. The changes in serum SOD values were not significantly different for the three surgical groups.

Conclusions

The serum SOD activities fell significantly after CABG and valve replacement surgery. Further investigation is emphasized for the role of SOD in oxidative stress after cardiac surgery.
Algebraic and quantum attacks on two digital signature schemes
Authors: Roman’kov Vitaly , Ushakov Alexander , Shpilrain Vladimir
Published: February 2023

In this article, we analyze two digital signature schemes, proposed in Moldovyan et al., that use finite noncommutative associative algebras as underlying platforms. We prove that these schemes do not possess the claimed property of being quantum safe. We also show that in many cases these schemes are, in fact, vulnerable to “classical” algebraic cryptanalysis.
Technical kraft lignin from coffee parchment
Authors: Coura Marcela Ribeiro , Demuner Antonio Jacinto , Demuner Iara Fontes , Blank Daiane Einhardt , Magalhães Firmino Maria José , Borges Gomes Fernando José , Macedo Ladeira Carvalho Ana Márcia , Costa Marcelo Moreira , Henrique dos Santos Marcelo
Published: February 2023

The biomass deconstructed by kraft process and the lignin dissolved in the black liquor are burned to generate energy in a pulp mill. This study used the black liquor from coffee parchment cooking, a residue from the coffee industry, to isolate kraft technical lignin. The parchment was subjected to the kraft pulping process to obtain pulps of kappa number 60 and 25, and the resulting black liquors were used for lignin extraction. Chemical characterization, elemental analysis and heating value of liquors and lignins were performed, as well as FTIR and Py-CG-MS analysis of lignins. The cooking provided liquors with similar characteristics, with lignin content of 31.67 and 32.63% for kappa 60 and 25 liquors, respectively. The extractions resulted in high purity lignin (92.35% for K#60 lignin and 93.96% for K#25 lignin). The higher heating values were 23.8 and 25.4 MJ/kg for K#25 and K#60 lignins, respectively. FTIR analysis showed characteristic peaks of lignin. Through Py-GC-MS, it was possible to observe the slight predominance of guaiacyl-type lignin, which can be an advantage depending on the application. It is possible to extract lignin from the black liquor obtained from the coffee parchment pulping to generate products with high-added value.
Hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and environments
Authors: Ramírez-Coronel Andrés Alexis , Mohammadi Mohammad Javad , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Zabibah Rahman S. , Taherian Masoume , Prasetio Diki Bima , Gabr Gamal A. , Asban Parisa , Kiani Amin , Sarkohaki Sahar
Published: February 2023

The scientific development and economic advances have led to the identification of many pathogenic agents in hospital effluents. Hospital wastewaters are qualitatively similar to municipal wastewaters, with the difference that these wastewaters contain toxic and infectious substances and compounds that can be dangerous for the health of the environment, employees of these centers, and the entire community. Therefore, in the last few years, it has been emphasized that all hospitals and medical and health centers should have a treatment facility for their produced wastewater so that the health of the society and people is not threatened. An issue that is not paid attention to has become one of the environmental problems and concerns of the world today. The present study focused on the investigate hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and the environment. In this narrative study, the first literature search was performed with four hundred and twenty-three articles were retrieved based on PubMed, Elsevier, Web of science, Spring, and Google Scholar databases. The results of this study showed that wastewater from hospitals and medical centers can play a significant impress in polluting soil and aquatic environments and spreading infectious diseases. According to the mentioned contents, collection and treatment of hospital wastewater is essential. In addition, if hospital wastewater enters the wastewater collection network without knowing its characteristics or with incomplete treatment and finally enters the municipal wastewater treatment plant. It causes many problems, including disturbing the balance of the biological system of the treatment plant. Purification and disposal of hospital wastewater is considered a vital action based on environmental standards. The results of this study also showed that the treatment methods of this type of hospital wastewater can play a significant role in reducing the spread of diseases caused by hospital wastewater treatment, including infectious diseases. The results of this study can be very useful for politicians, the managers of the Ministry of Energy and Health and the Environmental Organization in choosing the appropriate methods and process to reduce hospital wastewater and increase the efficiency of hospital wastewater treatment plants.