bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding relevance in smartphone advertising
Authors: Yus Francisco
Published: July 2022

Smartphone ads compete for the user’s attention, which is initially intended to focus on other areas of the small
screen of the device. Despite this competition, smartphone advertisements aim to produce as much cognitive reward as possible in
exchange for the mental effort expended in their processing, that is, they aim at the audience’s relevance, as claimed by
relevance theory (Sperber and Wilson 1995), a theory in which cyberpragmatics (Yus 2011) is rooted. This paper addresses several key qualities of effective smartphone
advertising from a cyberpragmatics perspective that focuses on possible sources of relevance of online communication, and now
applied to smartphone ads. Furthermore, it is claimed that today’s smartphone-based advertising cannot be accounted for
pragmatically without the incorporation of key terms such as contextual constraint and non-propositional
effect, which add to more traditional pragmatic accounts of online communication (Yus 2017a, 2021a).
Mechanical loading prediction through accelerometry data during walking and running
Authors: Veras Lucas , Diniz‐Sousa Florêncio , Boppre Giorjines , Resende‐Coelho Ana , Moutinho‐Ribeiro Edgar , Devezas Vítor , Santos‐Sousa Hugo , Preto John , Vilas‐Boas João Paulo , Machado Leandro , Oliveira José , Fonseca Hélder
Published: July 2022

Currently, there is no way to assess mechanical loading variables such as peak ground reaction forces (pGRF) and peak loading rate (pLR) in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to develop accelerometry‐based equations to predict both pGRF and pLR during walking and running. One hundred and thirty one subjects (79 females; 76.9 ± 19.6 kg) walked and ran at different speeds (2–14 km·h−1) on a force plate–instrumented treadmill while wearing accelerometers at their ankle, lower back and hip. Regression equations were developed to predict pGRF and pLR from accelerometry data. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was used to calculate prediction accuracy and Bland–Altman plots. Our pGRF prediction equation was compared with a reference equation previously published. Body mass and peak acceleration were included for pGRF prediction and body mass and peak acceleration rate for pLR prediction. All pGRF equation coefficients of determination were above 0.96, and a good agreement between actual and predicted pGRF was observed, with a mean absolute percent error (MAPE) below 7.3%. Accuracy indices from our equations were better than previously developed equations. All pLR prediction equations presented a lower accuracy compared to those developed to predict pGRF. Walking and running pGRF can be predicted with high accuracy by accelerometry‐based equations, representing an easy way to determine mechanical loading in free‐living conditions. The pLR prediction equations yielded a somewhat lower prediction accuracy compared with the pGRF equations.
Atomistic simulations of mechanical response of a heterogeneous fcc/bcc nanolayered composite
Authors: Xu Kezhong , Zhai Hua , He Linghui , Ni Yong , Lu Pin , Wang Gangfeng , Liu Xuepeng
Published: July 2022

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of a heterogeneous face-centered cubic/ body-centered cubic Cu/Ta nanolayered composite under uniaxial tension and compression. The results show that the stress–strain curves exhibit two main yield points in tension while only one yield point during compression, and the deformation primarily experiences three stages. The first stage is linearly elastic at small strains, followed by the nucleation and propagation of dislocations and stacking faults in the Cu layers, and eventually the Ta layers yield to plastic deformation. The yield of the specimen is mainly determined by the dislocation evolution in the hard phase (i.e. Ta layers), which leads to a sharp drop in the stress–strain curve. We show that the heterogeneous nanolayered composite exhibits a good deformation compatibility during compression but an obvious deformation incompatibility between Cu and Ta layers in tension. The temperature effect is also systematically investigated. It is revealed that the yield of the specimen at higher temperature depends only on the dislocation evolution in the thick Ta layers, and the yield strengths in tension and compression both decrease with the increasing temperature. In particular, our computations show that high temperature can significantly suppress the dislocation activities in the Cu layers during deformation, which results in a lower dislocation density of the Cu layers compared with that of the Ta layers and thus causing an incompatible fashion among the constituent layers.
Rigorous justification for the space–split sensitivity algorithm to compute linear response in Anosov systems
Authors: Chandramoorthy Nisha , Jézéquel Malo
Published: July 2022

Ruelle (1997 Commun. Math. Phys.
187 227–41; 2003 Commun. Math. Phys.
234 185–90) (see also Jiang 2012 Ergod. Theor. Dynam. Syst.
32 1350–69) gave a formula for linear response of transitive Anosov diffeomorphisms. Recently, practically computable realizations of Ruelle’s formula have emerged that potentially enable sensitivity analysis of certain high-dimensional chaotic numerical simulations encountered in the applied sciences. In this paper, we provide full mathematical justification for the convergence of one such efficient computation, the space–split sensitivity, or S3, algorithm (Chandramoorthy and Wang 2022 SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst.
21 735–81). In S3, Ruelle’s formula is computed as a sum of two terms obtained by decomposing the perturbation vector field into a coboundary and a remainder that is parallel to the unstable direction. Such a decomposition results in a splitting of Ruelle’s formula that is amenable to efficient computation. We prove the existence of the S3 decomposition and the convergence of the computations of both resulting components of Ruelle’s formula.
New analytical solutions by the application of the modified double sub-equation method to the (1 + 1)-Schamel-KdV equation, the Gardner equation and the Burgers equation
Authors: Yépez-Martínez H , Inc Mustafa , Rezazadeh Hadi
Published: July 2022

In this research we present the application of the modified double sub-equation guess solution together with the analytical solutions of the Riccati equation to obtain new analytical exact solutions to the (1 + 1)-Schamel-KdV equation, the (1 + 1)-dimensional Gardner equation (or combined KdV-mKdV) and the nonlinear evolution (1 + 1)-dimensional Burgers equation. Results show some conditions between the allowed values of the interaction coefficients and the parameters of the allowed analytical solutions of the double sub-equation guess solution. The resulting new soliton solutions have by first time the proper real phase value behavior, not seen in previous applications of the double sub-equation method. Additionally, it has been revealed that handle the complexiton process with two different traveling variables have as an important consequence that the mixing between trigonometric and hyperbolic solutions is only observed for the analytical solutions of the nonlinear evolution (1 + 1)-dimensional Burgers equation, while no mixing between trigonometric and hyperbolic solutions is observed for the solutions of the (1 + 1)-Schamel-KdV ((1 + 1)-S-KdV) equation or the (1 + 1)-dimensional Gardner equation. Numerical simulations are provided in 3-D graphs and 2-D plots representing the general characteristics of the resulting analytical solutions.
Structure of stellar remnants with coupling to a light scalar
Authors: Gao Christina , Stebbins Albert
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study how a Yukawa coupling of the Standard Model fermions to a light scalar field affects the stellar structure of cold stellar remnants such as neutron stars. We elucidate the stellar structure phenomenology using a simple model of a massive scalar coupled to a single dominant fermion with no other interactions. For a broad scalar mass range (10-10 eV ≪ mϕ
≪ 103 eV for neutron stars) we show that the equation-of-state and stellar structure depends on the effective coupling ℊ = gf

mf
/mϕ
, where gf
is the Yukawa coupling, mf
is the fermion mass, and mϕ
is the scalar kinematic mass at nuclear densities. If ℊ > 𝒪(1) the Yukawa coupled matter exhibits various anomalous behaviors including hydrodynamic instability, negative pressure, distinct phases (soft and hard) of matter with sharp phase boundaries between them and with the vacuum. These anomalies can lead to stars consisting of only soft, only hard, or a hybrid of soft and hard matter. These stars can have either sign for the slope of the mass-radius relation, anomalously large and small masses, gaps in allowed radii, multiple radii for the same mass, thin crusts and radiate anomalously large amounts of energy when they form (in the form of neutrinos for neutron stars). To the extent that these anomalies have not and/or will not be observed limits the effective coupling to ℊ < 𝒪(1). We argue this phenomenology is generic to stars with Yukawa coupled matter.
Spike prediction on primary motor cortex from medial prefrontal cortex during task learning
Authors: Wu Shenghui , Qian Cunle , Shen Xiang , Zhang Xiang , Huang Yifan , Chen Shuhang , Wang Yiwen
Published: July 2022

Objectives. Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) aim to help people with motor disabilities by interpreting brain signals into motor intentions using advanced signal processing methods. Currently, BMI users require intensive training to perform a pre-defined task, not to mention learning a new task. Thus, it is essential to understand neural information pathways among the cortical areas in task learning to provide principles for designing BMIs with learning abilities. We propose to investigate the relationship between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and primary motor cortex (M1), which are actively involved in motor control and task learning, and show how information is conveyed in spikes between the two regions on a single-trial basis by computational models. Approach. We are interested in modeling the functional relationship between mPFC and M1 activities during task learning. Six Sprague Dawley rats were trained to learn a new behavioral task. Neural spike data was recorded from mPFC and M1 during learning. We then implement the generalized linear model, the second-order generalized Laguerre–Volterra model, and the staged point-process model to predict M1 spikes from mPFC spikes across multiple days during task learning. The prediction performance is compared across different models or learning stages to reveal the relationship between mPFC and M1 spike activities. Main results. We find that M1 neural spikes can be well predicted from mPFC spikes on the single-trial level, which indicates a highly correlated relationship between mPFC and M1 activities during task learning. By comparing the performance across models, we find that models with higher nonlinear capacity perform significantly better than linear models. This indicates that predicting M1 activity from mPFC activity requires the model to consider higher-order nonlinear interactions beyond pairwise interactions. We also find that the correlation coefficient between the mPFC and M1 spikes increases during task learning. The spike prediction models perform the best when the subjects become well trained on the new task compared with the early and middle stages. The results suggest that the co-activation between mPFC and M1 activities evolves during task learning, and becomes stronger as subjects become well trained. Significance. This study demonstrates that the dynamic patterns of M1 spikes can be predicted from mPFC spikes during task learning, and this will further help in the design of adaptive BMI decoders for task learning.
Entanglement diagnostics for efficient VQA optimization
Authors: Kim Joonho , Oz Yaron
Published: July 2022

We consider information spreading measures in randomly initialized variational quantum circuits and introduce entanglement diagnostics for efficient variational quantum/classical computations. We establish a robust connection between entanglement measures and optimization accuracy by solving two eigensolver problems for Ising Hamiltonians with nearest-neighbor and long-range spin interactions. As the circuit depth affects the average entanglement of random circuit states, the entanglement diagnostics can identify a high-performing depth range for optimization tasks encoded in local Hamiltonians. We argue, based on an eigensolver problem for the Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev model, that entanglement alone is insufficient as a diagnostic to the approximation of volume-law entangled target states and that a large number of circuit parameters is needed for such an optimization task.
Efficiency forecasting of electric bundle assembly with use of ANN model
Authors: Burduk A , Dybała B , Machado J
Published: July 2022

Management of production systems requires making immediate decisions based on the data generated in bulk by IT systems. In this case, it can be helpful to use models of artificial neural networks (ANN) that, on the grounds of accessible data, will determine results of the made decision. One of the key problems in production companies is determination of execution time and cost of a production order. The problem is especially important in a company manufacturing a variable product line with a big part of manual operations. In the article, the way of building an ANN model for efficiency forecasting of the assembly process of electric bundles is presented. With regard to the very wide and variable product line, the products with different complexity degree are manufactured on three types of assembly lines. The assembly processes are performed on the assembly lines manually by groups of workers, so efficiency of the process is influenced mostly by skills and experience of these workers. Therefore, numbers of new assembly workers assigned to individual assembly lines and quantities of new products in the production schedule are selected as explanatory variables in the ANN model. The explained variable in the ANN model is production volume of the manufactured electric bundles.
Intelligent support system for monitoring machining processes
Authors: Rojek I , Dostatni E , Diakun J , Kotlarz P
Published: July 2022

The intelligent support system for monitoring machining processes was objective of our research. The paper presents process of development of this system which can used in real enterprises. Methodology: to create of the system we use methods of artificial intelligence (neural networks, decision trees and rules, fuzzy logic), using AI methods we created procedures support monitoring machining processes: diagnosis of machining process disturbances using decision rules, control of stability of the machining process based on control card analysis using neural networks, control of surface roughness parameter using neural networks and decision trees and monitoring machine tool through control and compensation of thermal deformations of ball screws of CNC machine tools using neural networks. To optimize of AI models we compared many the models with different structures, chose the best models and used them in intelligent system.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Tool For Power Line Systems
Authors: Piechoczek E , Przystalka P , Kopacz G
Published: July 2022

The paper focuses on the intelligent fault diagnosis system for automatic analysis of a huge amount of images with 4K resolution collected during flight inspection of the overhead power lines with the use of aerial platforms. The developed system can be used to detect and locate anomalies of power line structures e.g. anomalies of towers, conductors, dampers, insulators, etc. The purpose of the paper is to present the general architecture of the system and the results obtained during inspection of thousands of kilometer flights of power lines. The proposed system is based on the predefined deep neural network called Faster R-CNN which is dedicated for solving real-time object detection problems. The faster R-CNN-based neural model created on COCO dataset was additionally retrained by the authors applying images gathered as a result of flight inspections in order to obtain the high performance of the whole system. The comprehensive verification tests were carried out to prove the merits of the proposed solution.
Intelligent tools for improving quality and efficiency in production environment
Authors: Niemiec Krzysztof , Niemiec Katarzyna , Krenczyk Damian
Published: July 2022

The digital transformation in the world of retail consumers is developing very dynamically. Solutions that have recently been in research and development centers and laboratories of companies creating modern technologies, very quickly pass into everyday life and are taken for granted and necessary in private life. The world around us is changing and consumers are changing with it. Although it is estimated that Artificial Intelligence market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 52% from 2017 to 2025 [1], it is not that simple to introduce those up-to-day technologies in the production environment. The realities in the industrial and manufacturing environment are much different due to the fact, that not all new solutions may be imported into the production right after their appearance on the market. This article will present the basis of the quality management tools in comparison with new intelligent tools. Also, the reasons, why the intelligent tools are not that easy to be incorporated into production plants together with presentation how they might improve the quality of the product and efficiency of the production processes in the continuous production’s plants will be analyzed. Different tools will be presented with their advantages and disadvantages for the operators, management and production environment.
Estimating State of Charge of Lithium-ion Batteries by Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves Detection Technology
Authors: Gao Jie , Lyu Yan , He Cunfu
Published: July 2022

As a light weight and high power density energy, Lithium-ion batteries have become widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, etc. Thus, accurately capturing the internal battery dynamics and properly estimating the state of charge of a lithium-ion battery attract academic research interest. A reliable battery detection method is particularly important. The mechanical properties (elastic modulus and density) can be affected by the level of lithiation of the electrodes and the volume expansion during charge and discharge cycling. In this work, a theoretical model of ultrasonic guided wave detection for cylindrical lithium-ion battery is established to purchase the guidance of the in-situ monitoring of the battery status. Several numerical cases about cylindrical Lithium cobalt oxide battery are studied, and the effect of the circumferential wave number and state of charge (SOC) on the dispersion characteristics are illustrated. Based on the extracted dispersion curves at different SOC, the relationship between the wave propagation characteristics of the ultrasonic guided waves and the SOC of the lithiumion battery is analyzed. The effective capture of the mapping relationship between SOC and acoustic behaviors can provide new ideas and solutions for the effective evaluation of the reliability and safety of power batteries.
Water Temperature Measurement Method Based on Square-Wave Signal Generator
Authors: Li Changjin , Cao Jian , Zhang Xing
Published: July 2022

Water temperature measurement is widely used and plays an important role in fishery breeding, agricultural irrigation, temperature control of household water heater and other aspects. People have a huge demand for water temperature measurement devices. The performance of the existing device is greatly affected by the environment and often requires manual intervention. The square-wave signal generator has simple structure, stable output, low energy consumption, easy operation and low price. The water temperature measurement method based on the square-wave signal generator can expand the application range of the square-wave signal generator, promote the convenience of measurement work and then improve the measurement sensitivity. Based on operational amplifier, Schmitt-Trigger Inverter and 555 Timer, the output frequency of the circuit changes according to the change of the overall resistance value of the circuit. A waterproof thermistor is added to the circuit and placed in water. The water temperature would change the resistance value of the overall circuit by changing the resistance value of the thermistor. Therefore, different output frequencies of the measuring circuit reflect different water temperatures. The working principles of the above three measuring circuits are specifically described, and their measuring characteristics are compared. It can be seen that the circuit based on 555 Timer has stable measuring performance and high sensitivity, which can be widely applied to the needs of water temperature measurement in production and life. What’s more, it provides a new idea for water temperature measurement.
Test based finite element analysis of wire meshes
Authors: Straub J , Boškovic L , Bogatzky T , Dornbierer U
Published: July 2022

As fish farming is becoming more and more important worldwide, this ongoing project aims at the simulation and test-based analysis of highly stressed wire contacts, as they are found in off-shore fish farm cages in order to make them more reliable. The quasi-static tensile test of a wire mesh provides data for the construction of a finite element model to get a better understanding of the behavior of high-strength stainless steel from which the cages are made. Fatigue tests provide new insights that are used for an adjustment of the finite element model in order to predict the probability of possible damage caused by heavy mechanical loads (waves, storms, predators (sharks)).
Meshes Made by Deformational Cutting
Authors: Zubkov N
Published: July 2022

Deformational cutting can be used for manufacturing meshes. A metal or polymer sheet with a thickness of 0.2-0.8 mm is used as blanks when producing meshes. The sheet is tightened on a cylindrical fixture, then finned by the deformational cutting method on both sides without separating chips. The finning on the second side is made perpendicular or at an angle to the direction of fins on the first side. The cut depth at finning both sides of the sheet is more than half of its thickness, which ensures the connection of interfin gaps on the opposite sides of the sheet. On the lathe by the deformational cutting method from metal and polymer (PET, Teflon) sheets, samples of meshes with cells from 20 microns were obtained. Finning on the opposite sides of the sheet not in perpendicular directions leads to the possibility of mesh stretching. In this work, the two-sided finning of thin-sheet titanium blanks with different finning directions of the opposite sides and variation of deformational cutting parameters is studied. The analysis of the stretching mechanics for obtaining rhombic, hexagonal, and parallelogram shapes of cells is carried out. The range of finning pitches and crossing angles that ensure the stability of the deformational cutting process and mesh stretching is established. The shape of the cell is mainly influenced by the length of the fin connection obtained on the opposite sides of the sheet. Increasing the connection length with a decrease in the intersection angle leads to the transition of the cell shape from rhombic to hexagonal. A parallelogram cell obtained in stretching is characteristic of the fins of opposite sides with differences in bending strength.
Design of A Multifunctional Micro-Magnetic Testing Instrument
Authors: Xing Z X , Liu X C , He C F
Published: July 2022

Micro-magnetic testing technology is capable of non-destructively evaluating the mechanical properties and residual stress in ferromagnetic components. In the applications of micro-magnetic testing technology, several types of magnetic signals, such as magnetic Barkhausen noise, incremental permeability, tangential magnetic field and eddy current, etc., are used to characterize the target properties (mechanical properties and residual stress). In this paper, a unique framework for multifunctional micro-magnetic sensor design is proposed. Accordingly, a multifunctional micro-magnetic instrument is developed. Intermittently superimposed magnetic fields of high (several kHz) and low frequencies (several Hz) are used for material magnetization. Combined magnetic sensors are employed to measure a total of five types of signals, including the magnetic Barkhausen noise, incremental permeability, eddy currents, tangential magnetic field and main flux. Especially, twisted-pair wiring was used for winding two identical sensing coils. One of the sensing coils is used for eddy current or incremental permeability detection and the rest one acts as a compensatory coil to suppress the strong mutual induction voltage in detection coil. The entire instrument is composed of a multi-channel signal generator, a power amplifier, signal processing circuits embedded into the multifunctional sensor and a four-channel signal acquisition device. The multi-channel signal generator is constructed based on FPGA and high speed D/A converters. The direct digital synthesizer and state machine are programed in FPGA to enable the excitation of intermittently superimposed signals of high and low frequencies. Carefully experiments were performed to test the performances of the developed instrument. The results obtained from different types of steels proved that the developed instrument can acquire five types of magnetic signals with high SNR. The features of the five types of magnetic signals can used to distinguish the material and its mechanical properties such as surface hardness.
Effects of Spindle Speed on Impact and Scratch in Rotary Ultrasonic Face Milling
Authors: Zhao Heng , Yang Yuhui , Cao Zhonghua , Long Zhili , Zhang Zengying
Published: July 2022

Most of existing researches related to ultrasonic machining on material removal mechanism are focused on single-grainultrasonic scratch and undeformed chip thickness. In this study for the rotary ultrasonic face milling (RUFM), two material removal modes of single and its adjacent abrasive grain with spindle speed were investigated. The impact and scratch with high-frequency vibration has been illustrated by the kinematic of multi-grain movement. We conducted the RUFM experiment to verify the proposed material removal modes. Experimental result shows that the high-frequency impact can increase surface roughness as undeformed chip thicknessdecrease, and high-frequency scratch can reduce the surface roughness as undeformed chip thickness turns up.
Surface modification of hBN reinforced aluminum alloy Al 2024 through friction stir processing
Authors: J Joel , P Jeyapandiarajan , M Anthony Xavior , R Harshitha , Sreekumar Reshma , Raju Prathyaksh
Published: July 2022

The focus of this study is to see if Friction Stir Processing can improve the properties of an aluminium alloy with Boron Nitride (BN) particles on the surface. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a new surface alteration technique that uses friction to cause plastic deformation, resulting in grain refining and improved mechanical and surface properties. To process 2024 aluminium alloy plates, a straight cylinder tool was used under varying process parameters and to conduct tensile, hardness, wear and impact studies. The findings were evaluated in order to infer the significance of the process parameter and the reinforcement of the metal improvement properties. Friction Stir Processing was effectively processed by reinforcing the Boron Nitride plates and achieved significant changes in the mechanical and surface properties.
Experimental Investigation into a New Method of scalable production of Reduced Graphene Oxide for potential industrial graphene nanocomposite manufacture
Authors: Jalagonia N. , Bakradze N. , Darakhvelidze N. , Sanaia E. , Bokuchava G. , Kuchukhizdef T. , Batako A.D.
Published: July 2022

Graphene has attracted a great attention in the recent years of research innovations mainly due to its unique properties and in particular, its structural composition of one-atom thick sheet of hexagonally arrayed sp2 carbon atoms. This article focuses on a method of synthesis of graphene oxide granules, which can be use as nanofiller in polymer matrix. Polymer nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanofillers have better mechanical, thermal and electrical properties than pure polymer materials. Some corrugated spherical structures/granules of reduced graphene oxide were produced by a dispersion/drying method. For this purpose the reduced graphene oxide suspension produced in the laboratory by an improved method was mixed on a magnetic stirring and delivered by a peristaltic pump to the granulation zone at a speed 10-20 ml/min. The granulation zone temperature was kept within 40-150°C. The suspension was dispersed by compressed air up to 3 atmospheres. The produced granules were accumulated in a receiver, and dried in the vacuum oven to remove residues of solvents used in the process. The engineered reduced Graphene oxide were analyzed and the material structural-morphology was characterized by XRD, TGA, UV, Raman and SEM.
Problems of System Dynamics model development for complex product manufacturing process
Authors: Stadnicka D , Litwin P
Published: July 2022

Computer simulations are applied in enterprises for different purposes. They are used to support decision making at different levels of management. System Dynamics (SD) method is successfully used to model and simulate complex systems (including enterprises and manufacturing lines), but its applications are limited mostly to the policy and strategy level. This is due to the fact that SD approach assumes a low level of details and perceiving the system as a whole, and on the other hand, the reason may be the lack of examples of modelling manufacturing lines and workstations, at a higher level of detail. Based on a case study of a complex manufacturing system, this work presents examples of SD models of workstations and manufacturing line elements. Problems that were discussed in the frame of this paper are: process discretization, information flow with the use of kanban cards, processing of various components in one process, work of many employees at one workstation and assembly kit completion. The presented work may encourage researchers to use SD to model and simulate manufacturing lines at the operational level, and the presented solutions will be used in industrial practice to analyse and improve production systems.
Agent-based Modelling of Manufacturing Systems in the Context of “Industry 4.0”
Authors: Foit Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

The requirements of the modern market are manifested mainly in the need to provide a diversified assortment and personalized products. The ability to diversify the product range and adjust the production volume to the market requirements is a desirable feature of modern production systems. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has introduced many changes in the process planning domain that increased the possibility of better allocation of resources by applying artificial intelligence methods in order to achieve the effect of self-organization of the production process. The Smart Factory concept, based on cyber-physical systems, has allowed the customers to have greater influence on the process of manufacturing the ordered goods and even to change the order details during the process. The implementation of Industry 4.0 assumptions, and in particular the emergence of autonomous units, requires a new approach to modelling of manufacturing systems. This paper considers the problem of applying the agent-based modelling in modelling of such systems, focusing especially on the problem of adjusting the current formalism of agents or holons to the principles of Industry 4.0. An important part is the analysis of the agent definition in the context of manufacturing systems, in accordance with the available literature. The next step involves the discussion on the possibility of representing the Industry 4.0-compliant systems in terms of multi-agent paradigm.
A monitoring and control test bench for assessing the upgraded low voltage power supplies for the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter Phase-II Upgrade front-end electronics
Authors: Nkadimeng E. , Mckenzie R. , Moayedi S. , Nemecek S. , Hadavand H. , Mellado B. , van Rensburg R.
Published: July 2022

The ATLAS detector is set to undergo a substantial upgrade
termed the “Phase-II” upgrade during the Long-Shutdown in
preparation for the start of operation of the High Luminosity Large
Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). This paper describes the development and
implementation of the Phase-II upgrade low voltage power supply
transformer-coupled buck converter (Brick) test bench. A large
scale production of approximately 2048 finger low voltage power
supplies, with an identical output voltage, is set to be undertaken
in the year 2022. This production will culminate in the complete
replacement of the LVPS Brick V7.5.0 currently installed within the
Tile Calorimeter. Due to the location of the Bricks within the inner
barrel of the TileCal their reliability is of the utmost
importance. Therefore, the implementation of performance screening
will be implemented and will involve the testing and certification
of all Bricks produced. A custom test bench has been developed in
order to facilitate the above-mentioned testing. The test bench
described herein quantifies and logs the performance of an upgrade
Brick allowing for comparison with predefined performance metrics
before being approved and subsequently installed on-detector.
Preface: International Conference on Alternative Fuels and Electric Vehicles 2021 (ICAFEV 2021)
Authors: Sapate Kumar D. , Kale Sandip A.
Published: July 2022

International Conference on Alternative Fuels and Electric Vehicles 2021 (ICAFEV 2021) was hosted by the Alard College of Engineering and Management, Pune, India in association with Technology Research and Innovation Centre, Pune, India and Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana on 09-10 December 2021 and conducted in virtual mode. This international meeting provided a platform to various worldwide researchers, and academicians engaged in the field of alternative fuels, electric vehicles and renewable energy with the motive of exploring the research to drive the World towards a sustainable future. ICAFEV 2021 received papers from authors of eleven countries such as Cameroon, Chile, Ghana, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Australia and United Kingdom.

This volume is a compilation of research papers presented in three tracks, 1) Alternative Fuels, 2) Electric Vehicles and 3) Renewable Energy. We feel, these papers will provide a valuable contribution in the field and readers will receive this content for their future research activities.

The conference organizers and associate organizers are thankful to all authors, technical committee members, advisory committee members and organizing committee members for contributing actively and whole heartily in successful completion of the conference throughout the various stages. We also express out gratitude towards the IOP publishing for providing support to publish the ICAFEV 2021 papers in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.

List of ICAFEV 2021 Committees are available in this pdf.
Investigation of Mahua, Pongamia and waste cooking oil blends as biodiesel properties
Authors: Chanagond Malati , Puthani Prashant , Jeeragal Ramesh , Doddi Suresh
Published: July 2022

Looking at the present scenario of world’s energy consumption and its dependency on fossil fuels, biodiesel has become a ray of hope as it is environmental friendly fuel derived from plant sources. In that context the present paper reports the study of physical properties of Mahua, Pongamia and Waste cooking oil blend for usage as biodiesels in engines. Each biodiesel has its own specific properties which need to be tested before running test on a engine. The physical properties such as kinematic viscosity, flash point, fire point, density, heating values and acid values are measured for MPW (Mahua 50%, Pongamia 30%, Waste Cooking Oil 20%), PWM (Pongamia 50%, Waste Cooking Oil 30%, Mahua 20%) and WMP (Waste Cooking Oil 50%, Mahua 30%, Pongamia 20%) compositions prepared on volume basis. This study discovered that WMP biodiesel physical properties match nearly to that of diesel fuel. It is the best alternative with moderate flash point temperature, fire point temperature, better thermal efficiency, density and acid value in comparison with MPW and PWM biodiesels.
Energy potential of woody biomass in Ukraine’s forests and prospects for its utilization as an alternative energy source
Authors: Vasylyshyn R , Lakyda I , Yurchuk Yu , Lakyda M , Melnyk O , Bondarchuk R
Published: July 2022

Woody biomass in Ukraine is currently seen as an important resource for securing development of national renewable energy sector, avoiding dependence on the imported fossil fuels, and for building a low-carbon economy. This research highlights the indices of the overall energy potential of Ukraine’s forests of the dominant tree species, expressed in units of primary energy. The indices are differentiated by biomass components and stand age groups. The information basis of the research consists of two main components: data on biometric assessment of trees collected at temporary sample plots, and mathematical models of biomass expansion factors. The research features the assessment results on the annual potential of woody biomass for stem wood (fuel wood), logging residues and wood processing residues. This resource forms a part of the sources of renewable energy and can be used for securing energy needs of the society. The proposed indices of woody biomass energy potential serve as an information basis for shaping the regional programs of forest bioenergy development in Ukraine.
Optimization of Daylighting Outdoor Availability in Urban Kampung
Authors: Achsani Rizky Amalia , Paramitasari Angela Upitya , Sugangga Marisa , Wonorahardjo Surjamanto , Triyadi Sugeng
Published: July 2022

Liveability interprets as making residents comfortable in their built environment. As daylighting becomes a necessity for human beings, daylight availability can improve the liveability of dwelling habitats, especially in high-density urban areas. Relayouting the building block without reducing the usable floor area can improve daylight availability. Kampung Braga is an example of how a heavy slum area has a low liveability quality and classifies into impoverished slum settlements at the stake of being resettled. The spatial arrangement becomes necessary to enhance the community’s quality of life. This article aims to examine how the intervention through urban layout can affect daylight availability to improve the liveability for kampung Braga. This research uses simulation methods with climate-based daylight modelling (CBDM) software to simulate daylighting with a dynamic approach. Rhinoceros for modelling, Honeybee for vertical sky component (VSC) simulation, and DIVA for daylight availability simulation. Based on the simulation on three alternative urban layouts in line with spatial plan context, it is shown that intervention through urban layout and typology of kampung Braga has shown better VSC and daylight availability values than the existing conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to the context of the building around the site when designing a specific building typology. Modifying configuration, floor height, model, and orientation show a better VSC reception and vertical facade illumination. City stakeholders need to be aware of the low liveability of the urban kampung. Planning the right urban plan design can improve daylighting availability and increase the liveability of the urban kampung.
Study on Daylight Performance and Spatial Configuration of Low-cost Apartment Building in Indonesia through Computational Simulation
Authors: Suryo Mahatma Sindu
Published: July 2022

Daylight is one of the variables in measuring the Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) of buildings. Optimizing daylighting in design will benefit the health of building occupants and also potentially contribute to energy saving. Most of the low-cost apartment buildings have a problem in providing daylight for the habitable space. This paper investigates the daylight performance of low-cost apartment buildings based on the space configuration. This study used two bed-rooms low-cost apartments (36 square meters) as a simulation model. Three building types used in this simulation are 1) The general typology, 2) The government typology, and 3) The alternative typology. This study used DIALux 9.1 software to simulate the daylight performance in a Low-cost apartment building. The simulation results are analysed and compared with the natural lighting standard for the building (SNI 03-6575-2001). The study shows that the alternative building type provides the best daylight performance in terms of an average levels of illuminance and distribution.
Thermal Behaviour and Micro Climate Studies of Several Wall Insulation on Houses in a Tropical Climate (Aw) Area
Authors: Ornam Kurniati , Wonorahardjo Surjamanto , Triyadi Sugeng , Kimsan Masykur
Published: July 2022

Standard brick walls have caused a gradual increase in the area’s temperature due to the bricks’ emissivity. Therefore, several effective technologies to overcome this problem have been proposed, one of which is thermal insulation by covering the outer walls of bricks from exposure to sunlight. This study compares thermal insulation effectiveness with Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement (GRC) and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) material to obtain better insulations. This study is performed by modeling the area of 4 housing units using ENVI-met V4 in a humid tropical climate, focused in an east-west direction in a clear sky. Each building measures eight times 6 m2, with 4 meters in height, with a distance between buildings of 3 meters. GRC and EPS are affixed to the entire surface of the outer wall of the building, both on the east side and west sidewalls. The parameter observed is the wall surface temperature. The results showed that walls with GRC and EPS gave more effective results in lowering the surface temperature of brick walls, with values ranging from 8-23%. The use of insulation intervention on the east wall at 06.00-12.00 and the west wall at 13.00-18.00 shows higher accumulated surface temperature than the standard brick wall at peak hours, which means that the insulation material controls solar radiation. However, the phenomenon on the east wall at 12.00-07.00 and the west wall at 18.00-13.00 shows a controlled temperature above the surface temperature when using a standard brick wall.
Space Syntax Analysis on Sundanese Traditional Villages (Case Studies: Kampung Naga, Kampung Ciptagelar, and Kampung Dukuh)
Authors: Alfathani F , Nurdini A
Published: July 2022

This study is conducted to identify spatial patterns of traditional villages in Indonesia, especially the Sundanese traditional villages using the space syntax approach. The indicator of the spatial pattern was measured by the quality of circulation such as connectivity, integration, choice, mean depth, connectivity of visibility, and agent analysis. Kampung Naga, Kampung Ciptagelar, and Kampung Dukuh was purposively selected as case studies. The spatial maps from open-source literature were utilized for space syntax analysis. The scale of circulation quality was measured in a 0-5 scale, which was visualized by dark blue (very low) until red colour (very high) for the indicators. In general, all case studies have relatively low accessibility and very low choice and agent analysis indicators. This means those villages have an exclusive and private spatial pattern. In detail, Kampung Dukuh has relatively high connectivity, mean depth, and connectivity of visibility indicators than other case studies. It can also be influenced by the proximity of the village to the nearest town. Sundanese traditional villages have fairly segregated spatial, that is to conserve their norms, such as hierarchy and social status.
Transforming Vernacularism Principles in Developing Local Based Construction for Affordable Housing. Case study: vernacular housing in various Sunda kampung Adat (indigenous villages)
Authors: Gartiwa Marcus
Published: July 2022

Industry especially construction industry has been growing fast throughout the country since the reformation era. Such condition is considered to be conducive for improving Indonesia economy growth for people welfare. On the other side it is still considered to be high-cost economy, caused by large area condition of Indonesia. The high cost is a result of energy consumed during extraction, processing, transportation of raw materials. The condition getting increase significantly year by year, therefore it’s a must to evaluate construction industry, for reducing energy consumption in macro and micro level. The research objective is to get transforming vernacularism principles into current construction Indonesia, which can be affordable housing in Indonesia, within a large area. The scope of method is an evaluation of vernacular’s industrialized building principles, in various Sunda kampung adat (indigenous kampongs). The implementation of custom rules in macro level, and local oriented industry in micro level, respect to environment sustainability. Such vernacular principles approach of Kampung adat is hoped to be able for giving model of affordable housing, in the context of environment sustainability, also contribute smart condition for better human being life.
Precolonial Yoruba States
Authors: Ogunnaike Ayodeji
Published: July 2022

The Yoruba people, mostly found in modern-day southwestern Nigeria, created one of the most effective, stable, and celebrated civilizations and political structures in sub-Saharan Africa, with the city of Ile-Ifẹ considered its original source. The city’s founder and first sacred king, Oduduwa, was later deified as a mythic ancestor of all Yoruba people. He established a robust system of limited monarchy that was re-created in city-states all over contemporary Yorubaland and beyond. From about 1000 to 1500 ce, Ile-Ifẹ enjoyed a position as the political, economic, and religious center of the entire region, cultivating one of the most famous artistic traditions in African history and exporting its political structure to new city-states that formed their own kingdoms.

As trade routes began to shift, the city-state of Ọyọ started to eclipse Ile-Ifẹ in terms of prestige and power. Still operating under the same general political schema, Ọyọ established the largest empire in the West African tropical forest and dominated affairs in Yorubaland until the end of the 18th century. Internal power struggles crippled the Ọyọ Empire, and its rapid collapse set off shock waves that destabilized the entire region. A century of almost perpetual warfare ensued in which cities and states were created, abandoned, and destroyed. No resolution could be found until British military power and intervention brokered peace and established a protectorate over most of Yorubaland, beginning the colonial era in 1893.

Speaking of “Yoruba” states in precolonial history is a bit anachronistic in that the term Yoruba previously only referred to the Ọyọ subgroup. Although all people known today as Yoruba were mostly united by similar linguistic dialects, sacred history, and religious and political traditions, the broader term Yoruba came into usage in the 19th century as a result of experiences in diaspora and missionary activity.