bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening for the SMIM1*64_80 del Allele in blood donors in a population from Southern Brazil
Authors: Costa D. C. , Dezan M. , Santos T. , Schinaider A. A. , Schörner E. J. , Levi J. E. , Santos‐Silva M. C.
Published: June 2016

Background and Objectives

Serological screening for the Vel− phenotype is complex given the large individual variation in the levels of expression of the Vel antigen, and the polyclonal anti‐human sera of immunised persons, when available, show heterogeneous reactivity levels. Studies of the SMIM1 gene have enabled the development of several molecular methodologies that will be crucially important for the screening of different populations, including Brazilians. To evaluate the deletion of 17 bp in the SMIM1 gene in a population from the south of Brazil, 448 unrelated blood donors from 7 regions comprising the haemotherapy network in the state of Santa Catarina were evaluated between August 2011 and March 2014.

Materials and Methods

DNA samples from these donors were analysed employing a 5′ nuclease real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 17 bp deletion in the SMIM1 gene.

Results

Among the 448 samples analysed, 10 (2·23%) harboured the 17 bp deletion of the gene SMIM1, and all were heterozygote for the SMIM1*64_80 del allele.

Conclusion

The allelic frequency found differed from those observed in other Caucasian populations. This difference can be explained by the ethnic make‐up of each Caucasian population. The data obtained are important to characterise the correct phenotype of the donor as the serological assay results are not reliable due to variations in the expression intensity of the Vel antigen in heterozygote donors for the SMIM1*64_80 del allele. Moreover, the tool used in this study is of great value for identifying a donor Vel− phenotype and supplying a possible need for transfusion.
Comparison of intradermal and percutaneous testing to histamine, saline and nine allergens in healthy adult cats
Authors: Gentry Christina M , Messinger Linda
Published: June 2016

Background

Intradermal testing (IDT) in cats has potential limitations; this has led to an interest in novel testing methods. A pilot study demonstrated that healthy cats produced reliable percutaneous glycerinated (PG) histamine wheals, whereas percutaneously applied glycerosaline did not lead to wheal formation.

Hypothesis/Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine if percutaneously applied aqueous and glycerinated allergens would lead to irritant reactions in healthy cats.

Methods

Percutaneous testing (PCT) with both glycerinated and aqueous allergens and IDT were compared in twelve healthy cats. The lateral thorax was clipped and histamine, saline and nine allergens were tested in rows. Objective and subjective evaluations were performed at 15, 20 and 25 min, and 4 h. Results were evaluated as positive or negative at 15, 20, 25 min and 4 h.

Results

Skin test reactions for intradermal (ID) histamine wheals were larger when compared to PG and percutaneous aqueous (PA) at the immediate reading points (P < 0.05) subjectively and objectively; however, PG was not significantly different from ID when compared as either positive (2–4) or negative (0–1). PG histamine and allergen reactions, when present, were larger than equivalent PA reactions. PG and PA allergens did not cause irritant reactions at tested concentrations. Bassia scoparia (kochia), when tested at 1000 PNU/mL with IDT, was suspected to be an irritant.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Percutaneously (PCT) applied allergens did not cause irritant reactions in healthy cats. PG histamine wheals, although smaller than ID histamine wheals, were easily recognizable and PCT was simple to perform.
Skin diseases in companion guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus): a retrospective study of 293 cases seen at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California at Davis (1990–2015)
Authors: White Stephen D. , Guzman David Sanchez‐Migallon , Paul‐Murphy Joanne , Hawkins Michelle G.
Published: June 2016

Background

Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are popular companion animals with reported skin diseases, but most reports are accessed from textbooks or review articles.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To document skin diseases and their prevalence in companion guinea pigs in northern California, USA, and to investigate predilections for the most common conditions over a 25 year period.

Animals

Two hundred and ninety three guinea pigs from the hospital population met inclusion criteria.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed by searching computerized medical records seen at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California from 1 January 1990 to 31 July 2015 using key words relevant to dermatology.

Results

Of the 580 guinea pigs seen at the VMTH, 50% (293) had skin disease. Of the 293 cases, 154 (52%) presented for nondermatological reasons. Guinea pigs with skin disease were significantly older than those without skin disease (P = 0.0002); females with skin disease were more likely to have cystic ovaries (P = 0.0203), although these were not always associated with alopecia. Pododermatitis and infestation with Trixacarus caviae or lice were the most common skin diseases. Ivermectin or selamectin was used for ectoparasite treatment. Abscesses unassociated with pododermatitis were the most common nodules. Benign follicular tumours were the most common neoplasm. Despite the frequent mention of dermatophytosis in the veterinary literature, only two cases of Trichophyton mentagrophytes were diagnosed.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Cutaneous conditions in companion guinea pigs in the USA are common. Clinicians should include a dermatological examination when examining these rodents regardless of the reason for presentation.
Diastasis recti abdominis during pregnancy and 12 months after childbirth: prevalence, risk factors and report of lumbopelvic pain
Authors: Sperstad Jorun Bakken , Tennfjord Merete Kolberg , Hilde Gunvor , Ellström-Engh Marie , Bø Kari
Published: June 2016

Background/aim

Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is defined as a separation of the 2 muscle bellies of rectus abdominis. To date there is scant knowledge on prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of the condition. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of DRA during pregnancy and post partum, presence of possible risk factors, and the occurrence of lumbopelvic pain among women with and without DRA.

Methods

This prospective cohort study followed 300 first-time pregnant women from pregnancy till 12 months post partum. Data were collected by electronic questionnaire and clinical examinations. DRA was defined as a palpated separation of ≥2 fingerbreadths either 4.5 cm above, at or 4.5 cm below the umbilicus. Women with and without DRA were compared with independent samples Student's t-test and χ2/Fisher exact test, and OR with significance level >0.05.

Results

Prevalence of DRA was 33.1%, 60.0%, 45.4%, and 32.6% at gestation week 21, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post partum, respectively. No difference in risk factors was found when comparing women with and without DRA. OR showed a greater likelihood for DRA among women reporting heavy lifting ≥20 times weekly (OR 2.18 95% CI 1.05 to 4.52). There was no difference in reported lumbopelvic pain (p=0.10) in women with and without DRA.

Conclusions

Prevalence of mild DRA was high both during pregnancy and after childbirth. Women with and without DRA reported the same amount of lumbopelvic pain 12 months post partum.
EBHC pyramid 5.0 for accessing preappraised evidence and guidance
Authors: Alper Brian S , Haynes R Brian
Published: June 2016

The 6S pyramid has provided a conceptual framework for searching information resources for evidence-based healthcare (EBHC) and is used in medical education and clinical informatics applications. This model has evolved into EBHC pyramid 5.0 which adds systematically derived recommendations as a major type of information and simplifies the overall framework to five major layers of information types.
Elaboration of a risk map in a paediatric Emergency Department of a teaching hospital
Authors: Mojica Elisa , Izarzugaza Estibaliz , Gonzalez Maria , Astobiza Eider , Benito Javier , Mintegi Santiago
Published: June 2016

Objective

To develop a risk map in a paediatric ED of a tertiary teaching hospital, combining proactive and reactive strategies.

Methods

Between June and December 2013, a multidisciplinary committee in a paediatric Emergency Department (ED) in Bilbao (Basque Country of Spain) mapped the patient's journey and identified potential risks to patients (proactive strategy). The researchers also analysed incidents reported by professionals and caregivers (mainly parents) in the paediatric ED from November 2004–December 2013 (reactive strategies). Combining the results of both strategies, we applied the ‘Failure mode and effects analysis’ tool to identify and prioritise high or very high-risk situations and apply them to the risk map.

Results

Using proactive strategies, 49 opportunities for failures, 60 effects and 252 causes were identified. The most common failures were related to the discharge of the patient; the most common effects were complaints by parents, long stay in the ED, delay in diagnosis/treatment and unnecessary treatment. Main causes were not including the family in the process, shift change, incorrect identification of the patient and computer errors. Using reactive strategies, 1795 reported incidents were analysed. The most common incidents were related to medical equipment (38%), resources/organisation of staff (17%), clinical process (15%), facilities (12%) and medication errors (5%). Proactive strategies identified risks in tests, treatment and discharge. The reactive strategy added risks concerning prehospital transfer, triage, medical care, tests, treatment and discharge.

Conclusions

Proactive and reactive strategies, involving professionals and caregivers, can complement each other in identifying potential patient safety risks in a paediatric ED.
Engaging the public in healthcare decision-making: results from a Citizens’ Jury on emergency care services
Authors: Scuffham P A , Moretto N , Krinks R , Burton P , Whitty J A , Wilson A , Fitzgerald G , Littlejohns P , Kendall E
Published: June 2016

Background

Policies addressing ED crowding have failed to incorporate the public's perspectives; engaging the public in such policies is needed.

Objective

This study aimed at determining the public's recommendations related to alternative models of care intended to reduce crowding, optimising access to and provision of emergency care.

Methods

A Citizens' Jury was convened in Queensland, Australia, to consider priority setting and resource allocation to address ED crowding. Twenty-two jurors were recruited from the electoral roll, who were interested and available to attend the jury from 15 to 17 June 2012. Juror feedback was collected via a survey immediately following the end of the jury.

Results

The jury considered that all patients attending the ED should be assessed with a minority of cases diverted for assistance elsewhere. Jurors strongly supported enabling ambulance staff to treat patients in their homes without transporting them to the ED, and allowing non-medical staff to treat some patients without seeing a doctor. Jurors supported (in principle) patient choice over aspects of their treatment (when, where and type of health professional) with some support for patients paying towards treatment but unanimous opposition for patients paying to be prioritised. Most of the jurors were satisfied with their experience of the Citizens' Jury process, but some jurors perceived the time allocated for deliberations as insufficient.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the general public may be open to flexible models of emergency care. The jury provided clear recommendations for direct public input to guide health policy to tackle ED crowding.
Exploring optimal air ambulance base locations in Norway using advanced mathematical modelling
Authors: Røislien Jo , van den Berg Pieter L , Lindner Thomas , Zakariassen Erik , Aardal Karen , van Essen J Theresia
Published: June 2016

Background

Helicopter emergency medical services are an important part of many healthcare systems. Norway has a nationwide physician staffed air ambulance service with 12 bases servicing a country with large geographical variations in population density. The aim of the study was to estimate optimal air ambulance base locations.

Methods

We used high resolution population data for Norway from 2015, dividing Norway into >300 000 1 km×1 km cells. Inhabited cells had a median (5–95 percentile) of 13 (1–391) inhabitants. Optimal helicopter base locations were estimated using the maximal covering location problem facility location optimisation model, exploring the number of bases needed to cover various fractions of the population for time thresholds 30 and 45 min, both in green field scenarios and conditioning on the current base structure. We reanalysed on municipality level data to explore the potential information loss using coarser population data.

Results

For a 45 min threshold, 90% of the population could be covered using four bases, and 100% using nine bases. Given the existing bases, the calculations imply the need for two more bases to achieve full coverage. Decreasing the threshold to 30 min approximately doubles the number of bases needed. Results using municipality level data were remarkably similar to those using fine grid information.

Conclusions

The whole population could be reached in 45 min or less using nine optimally placed bases. The current base structure could be improved by moving or adding one or two select bases. Municipality level data appears sufficient for proper analysis.
High CCL27 immunoreactivity in ‘supratumoral’ epidermis correlates with better prognosis in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Martinez-Rodriguez Miguel , Thompson Alec K , Monteagudo Carlos
Published: June 2016

Aims

It has been proposed that the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors by melanoma cells may have a role in tumour immune escape. Chemokine CCL27 is reported to be expressed specifically on the epidermal keratinocytes. The implication of CCL27 in cutaneous melanomas is currently unresolved. It has been suggested that CCL27 expression in melanomas can induce antitumoral immunity, and that CCL27 may suppress tumour growth probably due to the local lymphocyte recruitment.

Methods

We studied CCL27 chemokine expression in three different concentric epidermal areas covering the primary cutaneous melanoma in patients with a long clinical follow-up. Our study included 91 cases of primary melanomas of the skin diagnosed during the 10-year period 1992–2002, and a minimum clinical follow-up of 10 years.

Results

We evaluated three different concentric and easily reproducible areas in the epidermis: the area covering melanoma (which we called ‘supratumoral’), the area adjacent to the tumour (‘peritumoral’) and the most peripheral epidermal area (‘peripheral’). Only CCL27 expression in supratumoral epidermis correlated with clinical outcome.

Conclusions

Our study showed that a higher immunostaining of CCL27 in supratumoral epidermis is associated with longer progression-free interval and melanoma-specific survival.
Validation of a locally derived serum calcium adjustment equation: relationship with total 25(OH) vitamin D and PTH levels
Authors: Scargill Jonathan Joseph , Guy John Mark
Published: June 2016

Aims

Many clinical laboratories in the UK use a standard equation to adjust total calcium for albumin concentration. To assess the validity of this practice, we assessed the effect of the use of a traditional and locally derived calcium adjustment equation on parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25(OH, hydroxy) vitamin D levels.

Methods

Samples requested for calcium and albumin measurement over a 6 month period that met inclusion criteria were used to derive a calcium adjustment equation (n=60 941). The traditional and locally derived calcium adjustment equations were then applied to a second cohort of adult patients that underwent calcium measurement over a 1 year period (n=275 456). Patients were classified as hypocalcaemic, normocalcaemic or hypercalcaemic using a UK Pathology Harmony adjusted calcium reference interval (2.2–2.6 mmol/L).

Results

The local calcium adjustment equation provided a 7.1-fold reduction in the prevalence of hypocalcaemia. Patients classified as hypocalcaemic using the locally derived equation had statistically significantly lower 25(OH) vitamin D and higher PTH levels. A 2.4-fold increase in the prevalence of hypercalcaemia was also observed using the new equation, but with no significant difference in 25(OH) vitamin D or PTH levels.

Conclusions

A locally derived calcium adjustment equation reclassified the calcium status of 61 278 (22%) patients. Patients classified as hypocalcaemic by the locally derived equation had significantly lower 25(OH) vitamin D and significantly higher PTH values, providing evidence that use of this adjustment equation generates adjusted calcium results of greater clinical relevance. This study provides further and novel evidence that individual laboratories should determine local equations for adjusted calcium where possible.
Twinning and major birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2007
Authors: Dawson April L , Tinker Sarah C , Jamieson Denise J , Hobbs Charlotte A , Berry R J , Rasmussen Sonja A , Anderka Marlene , Keppler-Noreuil Kim M , Lin Angela E , Reefhuis Jennita ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: June 2016

Background

Twinning has been associated with many types of birth defects, although previous studies have had inconsistent findings. Many studies lack information about potential confounders, particularly use of fertility treatment. Our objective was to assess the association between twinning and birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS).

Methods

We used data from the NBDPS, a population-based, case–control study of major birth defects in the USA, to evaluate associations between twinning and birth defects. The study population included mothers of twin and singleton controls (live-born infants without major birth defects), and cases (fetuses or infants with a major birth defect) born October 1997–December 2007. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable logistic regression stratified by use of fertility treatment. Twin sex-pairing data and a simulation approach were used to estimate the zygosity of twins.

Results

In the unassisted conception stratum, we observed significant positive associations between twinning and 29 of 45 defect groups. The largest effect estimates were observed for multiple ventricular septal defects and cloacal exstrophy. Among mothers reporting any use of fertility treatments, we observed a significant association with twinning for 5 of 25 defect groups, with the largest effect estimates for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and omphalocele. OR estimates in the estimated monozygotic stratum were generally further from the null than in the dizygotic stratum.

Conclusions

Compared with singletons, a wide range of birth defects are significantly more common among twins. Birth defect risk in twins may be differential by use of fertility treatment.
Interventions to reduce childhood antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory infections: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Yanhong , Walley John , Chou Roger , Tucker Joseph D , Harwell Joseph I , Wu Xinyin , Yin Jia , Zou Guanyang , Wei Xiaolin
Published: June 2016

Background

Antibiotics are overprescribed for children with upper respiratory infections (URIs), leading to unnecessary expenditures, adverse events and antibiotic resistance. This study assesses whether interventions antibiotic prescription rates (APR) for childhood URIs can be reduced and what factors impact intervention effectiveness.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Global Health, WHO website, United States CDC website and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched by December 2015. Cluster or individual-patient randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that examined interventions to change APR for children with URIs were selected for meta-analysis. Educational interventions for clinicians and/or parents were compared with usual care.

Results

Of 6074 studies identified, 13 were included. All were conducted in high-income countries. Interventions were associated with lower APR versus usual care (OR 0.63 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.81, p<0.001). A patient–clinician communication approach was the most effective type of intervention, with a pooled OR 0.41 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.83; p<0.001) for clinicians and 0.26 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.91; p=0.04) for parents. Interventions that targeted clinicians and parents were significant, with a pooled OR of 0.52 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.78; p=0.002). Insignificant effects were observed for targeting clinicians and parents alone, with a pooled OR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.16; p=0.37) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.10 to 2.51, p=0.40), respectively.

Conclusions

Educational interventions are effective in reducing antibiotic prescribing for childhood URIs. Interventions targeting clinicians and parents are more effective than those for either group alone. The most effective interventions address patient–clinician communication. Studies in low-income to middle-income countries are needed.
Socioeconomic position and the risk of brain tumour: a Swedish national population-based cohort study
Authors: Khanolkar Amal R , Ljung Rickard , Talbäck Mats , Brooke Hannah L , Carlsson Sofia , Mathiesen Tiit , Feychting Maria
Published: June 2016

Background

The aim was to investigate associations between different measures of socioeconomic position (SEP) and incidence of brain tumours (glioma, meningioma and acoustic neuroma) in a nationwide population-based cohort.

Methods

We included 4 305 265 individuals born in Sweden during 1911–1961, and residing in Sweden in 1991. Cohort members were followed from 1993 to 2010 for a first primary diagnosis of brain tumour identified from the National Cancer Register. Poisson regression was used to compute incidence rate ratios (IRR) by highest education achieved, family income, occupational group and marital status, with adjustment for age, healthcare region of residence, and time period.

Results

We identified 5735 brain tumours among men and 7101 among women during the study period. Highly educated men (≥3 years university education) had increased risk of glioma (IRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.37) compared to men with primary education. High income was associated with higher incidence of glioma in men (1.14, 1.01 to 1.27). Women with ≥3 years university education had increased risk of glioma (1.23, 1.08 to 1.40) and meningioma (1.16, 1.04 to 1.29) compared to those with primary education. Men and women in intermediate and higher non-manual occupations had increased risk of glioma compared to low manual groups. Compared to those married/cohabiting, being single or previously married/cohabiting was associated with decreased risk of glioma in men. Men in non-manual occupations had ∼50% increased risk of acoustic neuroma compared to men in low manual occupations.

Conclusions

We observed consistent associations between higher SEP and higher risk of glioma. Completeness of cancer registration and detection bias are potential explanations for the findings.
Periodontopathogens antibodies and major adverse events following an acute myocardial infarction: results from the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI)
Authors: Boillot A , Range H , Danchin N , Kotti S , Cosler G , Czernichow S , Meilhac O , Puymirat E , Zeller M , Tchetche D , Bouchard P , Simon T
Published: June 2016

Background

Periodontopathogens antibodies have been shown to be associated with primary myocardial events, but little is known regarding their impact on major adverse events after a prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The present prospective study evaluates the association between antibody levels of 4 periodontopathogens and the risk of all-cause death or non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) at 1 year in 975 patients admitted for acute ST segment or non-ST segment elevation MI in French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI), a nationwide French survey.

Methods

Multiserotype ELISAs were performed to assess levels of IgG and IgA againstPorphyromonas gingivalis,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,Prevotella intermediaandTannerella forsythia.

Results

Adjusted HRs indicate the lack of association between IgG-anti-Po. gingivalislevels (0.96 (0.78 to 1.18)), IgA-anti-Po. gingivalislevels (1.13 (0.90 to 1.42)) and the risk of all-cause death or non-fatal MI at 1 year. Additionally, no significant association was found between the occurence of an event at 1 year and immunoglobulins levels against the others periodontopathogens.

Conclusions

The present data indicate that circulating levels of periodontopathogens antibodies are not associated with an increased risk of major adverse events in patients with a prior AMI. Studies dealing with bacterial and clinical data are needed to assess the role of oral health in comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation programmes.
Soluble Klotho and Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels in Diabetic Nephropathy with Different Stages of Albuminuria
Authors: Inci Ayca , Sari Funda , Coban Melahat , Olmaz Refik , Dolu Suleyman , Sarıkaya Metin , Yılmaz Necat
Published: June 2016

The relationship between soluble Klotho (s-Klotho) levels, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels, and albuminuria in patients with diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. A total of 109 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 61.63±9.77 years), at the outpatient clinic of the Antalya Research and Training Hospital Nephrology Unit between January and June 2014, as well as 32 healthy controls (mean age 49.53±7.32 years) were enrolled for this cross-sectional study. Patients were classified into three groups according to their urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), normoalbuminuria (UACR<30 mg/g), microalbuminuria (UACR 30–300 mg/g), and macroalbuminuria (UACR>300 mg/g). The blood was analyzed for FGF23, s-Klotho, parathyroid hormone (PTH), P, Ca, creatinine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25hD) levels. Creatinine, s-Klotho, FGF23, and PTH levels were significantly higher and 25hD levels were significantly lower in the patient group than in the healthy controls (p<0.001). Between the groups according to UACR, 1-way analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences for creatinine (p<0.001), 25hD (p<0.001), PTH (p=0.002), Ca (p=0.002), and albumin levels (p<0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between s-Klotho and FGF23 (r=0.768; p=0.001), and between FGF23 levels and UACR (r=0.768; p=0.001). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that s-Klotho levels are significantly elevated in patients with diabetes and s-Klotho levels decreased with increasing albumin excretion in our patients despite a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Assessment of the independent associations of IgG, IgM and IgA isotypes of anticardiolipin with thrombosis in SLE
Authors: Domingues Vinicius , Magder Laurence S , Petri Michelle
Published: June 2016

Objective

The Sydney classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome include lupus anticoagulant or moderate-to-high titre anticardiolipin IgG or IgM. We explored the association of all anticardiolipin isotypes, lupus anticoagulant and the combination with venous and arterial thrombosis.

Methods

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a large clinical cohort seen quarterly were repeatedly tested by protocol for anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant. Subgroups of patients were defined based on the geometric mean titres of IgG, IgM, IgA anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant expressed in dilute Russell's viper venom time (RVVT) seconds for each patient across all cohort visits. These subgroups were compared with respect rates of thrombosis since diagnosis with SLE. Rate ratios were estimated using Cox Proportional Hazards models.

Results

Of the 1390 cohort members included, there were 284 thrombotic events observed over 17 025 person-years since diagnosis for a rate of 1.7 events per 100 person-years. Those with a geometric mean titre of IgG anticardiolipin >20 had a significantly elevated rate of thromboses (rate ratio 1.8, p=0.0052), whereas there was no evidence of an association between thromboses and elevated IgM geometric mean (rate ratio 1.2, p=0.40). There were relatively few cohort members with elevated IgA geometric mean but the rate of thromboses in that group was elevated (rate ratio 1.7, p=0.23). The associations between anticardiolipin antibodies and thromboses were strongest when considering venous thromboses. Those with two or more elevated anticardiolipin isotypes or those with both IgG anticardiolipin and RVVT did not appear at higher risk than those with a single elevated marker.

Conclusion

This study supports previous observations that IgG anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant are associated with higher rates of thromboses. Our power to study IgA anticardiolipin was limited due to small number of patients with elevated IgA.
NADPH oxidase inhibitor regulates microRNAs with improved outcome after mechanical reperfusion
Authors: Liu Zhong , Tuo Yong-Hua , Chen Jian-Wen , Wang Qing-Yuan , Li Songlin , Li Ming-Chang , Dai Gang , Wang Jin-Shan , Zhang Yong-Li , Feng Lei , Shi Zhong-Song
Published: June 2016

Background

Inhibition of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) pathway improves the neurological outcome in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) animal model. In this study we analyzed the microRNAs profile targeting NOX2 and NOX4 genes and its response to NOX2/4 inhibitor VAS2870 to understand the mechanisms of this protective effect.

Methods

The intraluminal filament tMCAO model was established in hyperglycemic rats (n=106) with 5 hours ischemia followed by 19 hours reperfusion. NOX inhibitor VAS2870 was delivered intravenously before reperfusion. Infarct volume, hemorrhagic transformation, and mortality were determined at 24 hours after cerebral ischemia. MicroRNAs profile targeting NOX2 and NOX4 genes were predicted by microRNA databases and further evaluated by microRNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR.

Results

Ten microRNAs potentially targeting NOX2 and NOX4 genes (including microRNA-29a, microRNA-29c, microRNA-126a, microRNA-132, microRNA-136, microRNA-138, microRNA-139, microRNA-153, microRNA-337, and microRNA-376a) were significantly downregulated in the ischemic hemisphere in the tMCAO group compared with the sham-operated group, as shown by microRNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR (all p<0.05). Intravenous treatment with NOX inhibitor VAS2870 before reperfusion increased the expression of microRNA-29a, microRNA-29c, microRNA-126a, and microRNA-132 compared with the tMCAO group (all p<0.05).

Conclusions

Several microRNAs potentially targeting NOX2 and NOX4 genes displayed altered levels in hyperglycemic rats with the tMCAO model, suggesting their regulatory roles and targeting potentials for acute ischemic stroke treatment. Targeting specific microRNAs may represent a novel intervention opportunity to improve outcome and reduce hemorrhagic transformation after mechanical reperfusion for acute ischemic stroke.
Evaluation of quality of life of carers of Italian spinoni with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: De Risio Luisa , Freeman Julia , Shea Anita
Published: June 2016

The carers of all UK Kennel Club registered Italian spinoni (IS) born between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2011 were invited to participate in the study. The carers of 47 of 63 IS diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) returned the questionnaire, which included numerous questions on various aspects of IE including the effect of IE on the dog's carer's quality of life. Median epileptic seizure number in the three months before study end or death was five epileptic seizures, 72 per cent of dogs had cluster seizures, 94 per cent of dogs were administered one or more antiepileptic medications and 36 per cent of dogs were euthanased due to poorly controlled IE. Seventy‐one per cent and 65 per cent of the participants were moderately to extremely worried about the frequency and severity of their dog's epileptic seizures, respectively. Caring for an IS with IE caused conflict with the carer's work, education or daily activity often or very often in 50 per cent of the participants. Overall the limitations on the carer's life due to caring for an IS with IE were considered as very to extremely bothersome in 29 per cent of the participants, a little to moderately bothersome in 40 per cent of the participants and not at all bothersome in 31 per cent of the participants.
SPH simulation of turbulent flow past a high-frequency in-line oscillating cylinder near free-surface
Authors: Ghazanfarian Jafar , Saghatchi Roozbeh , Gorji-Bandpy Mofid
Published: June 2016

This paper studies a two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow past a circular cylinder with in-line oscillation close to a free-surface. The sub-particle scale (SPS) turbulence model of a Lagrangian particle-based smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method has been used to solve the full Navier–Stokes equations together with the continuity equation. The accuracy of numerical code has been verified using two cases consisting of an oscillating cylinder placed in the stationary fluid, and flow over a fixed cylinder close to a free-surface. Simulations are conducted for the Froude number of 0.3, the Reynolds numbers of 40 and 80, various gap ratios for fully-submerged and half-submerge cylinders. The dimensionless frequency and amplitude of oscillating have been chosen as 0.5, 0.8 and 10, 15, respectively. The selection of such a high oscillating frequency causes the flow regime to become turbulent. It is seen that the gap ratio defined as the ratio of cylinder distance from free-surface and its diameter, strongly affects the flow pattern and the magnitude of the drag and lift coefficients. The jet-like flow (the region above the cylinder and beneath the free-surface) creation is discussed in detail and showed that the strength of this jet-like flow is weakened when the gap ratio shrinks. It is seen that by decreasing the gap ratio, the lift and drag coefficients increase and decrease, respectively. It is found that the Reynolds number has an inverse effect on the drag and lift coefficients. Also, it is concluded that by increasing the amplitude of oscillation the drag coefficient increases.
Generalized signal-tuned Gabor approach for signal representation and analysis
Authors: Torreão José R. A.
Published: June 2016

The signal-tuned Gabor approach is based on spatial or spectral Gabor functions whose parameters are determined, respectively, by the Fourier and inverse Fourier transforms of a given “tuning” signal. The sets of spatial and spectral signal-tuned functions, for all possible frequencies and positions, yield exact representations of the tuning signal. Moreover, such functions can be used as kernels for space-frequency transforms which are tuned to the specific features of their inputs, thus allowing analysis with high conjoint spatio-spectral resolution. Based on the signal-tuned Gabor functions and the associated transforms, a plausible model for the receptive fields and responses of cells in the primary visual cortex has been proposed. Here, we present a generalization of the signal-tuned Gabor approach which extends it to the representation and analysis of the tuning signal’s fractional Fourier transform of any order. This significantly broadens the scope and the potential applications of the approach.
Theoretical exploration of harmonic emission and attosecond pulse generation from H2+ in the presence of terahertz pulse
Authors: Liu Hang , Feng Liqiang
Published: June 2016

Harmonic generation spectra from H[Formula: see text] molecule ion driven by the chirped pulse combined with a terahertz (THz) pulse have been theoretically investigated by numerically solving the non-Born–Oppenheimer time-dependent Schrödinger equation (NBO-TDSE). The results show that with the introduction of the chirp, the harmonic cutoff is extended, resulting in a smooth supercontinuum. Further, when the initial vibrational state is prepared as [Formula: see text], and by properly adding a THz controlling pulse, the harmonic yield is enhanced by almost six orders of magnitude compared with the single chirped pulse case. Quantum analyses are shown to explain the harmonic extension and enhancement. Furthermore, through the investigation of the isotopic effect, we find that more intense harmonics are generated in the lighter nucleus. Finally, by properly superposing the harmonics, a series of intense 35 as XUV pulses can be obtained, which are almost six orders of magnitude improvement in comparison with the single chirped pulse case.
Low half-wave voltage Y-branch electro-optic polymer modulator based on side-chain polyurethane-imide
Authors: Tang Jie , Wang Long-De , Li Ruo-Zhou , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Tong
Published: June 2016

A Y-branch electro-optic (EO) polymer modulator has been designed and fabricated. High performance side-chain polyurethane-imide (PUI) with a high EO coefficient of larger than 50 pm/V and a moderate glass-transition temperature [Formula: see text] of 206[Formula: see text]C is used as EO polymer core layer of the modulator. The fabricated phase modulator exhibits a low half-wave voltage of 1.94 V at 1550 nm in single arm modulation with 1 cm EO interaction length and 2 cm total length. The results show that the modulator fabricated by side-chain PUI EO materials possesses potential applications in low driving voltage and low cost optical systems.
The effect of electric field on the coherence time of a 2D RbCl parabolic quantum dot qubit
Authors: Li Xi-Jun , Xiao Jing-Lin
Published: June 2016

The effects of the electric field on the coherence time of a 2D RbCl parabolic quantum dot (PQD) qubit are studied by using the variational method of Pekar type (VMPT) and the Fermi Golden Rule. We calculate the excitation energy of an electron strongly coupled to bulk longitudinal optical (LO) phonons in the 2D RbCl PQD under an applied electric field. The phonon spontaneous emission causes the decoherence of the qubit. The investigated results indicate that the coherence time increases with increasing strength of the electric field and the effective confinement length, whereas it decreases with increasing polaron radius. Our research results would be useful for the design and implementation of the solid-state quantum computation.
Modular C11 lattices and lattice preradicals
Authors: Albu Toma , Iosif Mihai
Published: June 2016

This paper deals with properties of modular [Formula: see text] lattices involving hereditary preradicals on hereditary classes of modular lattices. Applications are given to Grothendieck categories and module categories equipped with hereditary torsion theories.
Transporting cohomology in Lazard correspondence
Authors: Garaialde Ocaña Oihana , González-Sánchez Jon
Published: June 2016

Lazard correspondence provides an isomorphism of categories between finitely generated nilpotent pro-[Formula: see text] groups of nilpotency class smaller than [Formula: see text] and finitely generated nilpotent [Formula: see text]-Lie algebras of nilpotency class smaller than [Formula: see text]. Denote by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] the group cohomology functors and the Lie cohomology functors respectively. The aim of this paper is to show that for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and for a given category of modules the cohomology functors [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are naturally equivalent. A similar result is proved for [Formula: see text] with the relative cohomology groups.
The Stanley regularity of complete intersections and ideals of mixed products
Authors: Chu Lizhong , Pérez V. H. Jorge
Published: June 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be a polynomial ring over a field [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] a monomial ideal. We give some inequalities on Stanley regularity of monomial ideals. As consequences, we prove that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] hold in the following cases: (1) [Formula: see text] is a complete intersection; (2) [Formula: see text] is an ideal of mixed products.
Classification of irreducible integrable highest weight modules for current Kac–Moody algebras
Authors: Eswara Rao S. , Batra Punita
Published: June 2016

This paper classifies irreducible, integrable highest weight modules for “current Kac–Moody Algebras” with finite-dimensional weight spaces. We prove that these modules turn out to be modules of appropriate direct sums of finitely many copies of Kac–Moody Lie algebras.
DFT study of structural, electronic, thermo-elastic properties and plausible origin of superconductivity due to quantum degenerate states in LaTiO3
Authors: Nadeem Sohail , Tariq Saad , Jamil M. Imran , Ahmad Ejaz , Gilani S. M. Sohail , Munawar Khurram Shahzad
Published: June 2016

In this paper, computations based on generalized gradient approximations were carried out to investigate the structural, electronic and thermo-elastic properties of LaTiO3 within the frame work of Density Functional Theory. In structural properties, the ground state structural parameters have been found to be in good agreement with those cited in recent literature. For electronic properties, in-depth analysis of quantum degenerate electronic states of LaTiO3 have been explained on the grounds of Projected Density of States. Elastic properties corresponds to anisotropy, elastic moduli’s, phase stability, elastic wave velocities, thermal stability and Debye temperature were calculated and elaborated that has not yet been found in literature. In this observation, LaTiO3 exhibited ductile nature and physically stable indirect bandgap semiconductor behavior with quasi metallic nature near Fermi level due to La-Ti degenerate states. Moreover, longitudinal mode of vibration is observed to be maximum along [100] direction than transverse mode of vibration. A plausible reason of superconductivity may arise in LaTiO3 below Debye temperature.
Metabolic potential of microbial mats and microbialites: Autotrophic capabilities described by an in silico stoichiometric approach from shared genomic resources
Authors: Cerqueda-García Daniel , Falcón Luisa I.
Published: June 2016

Microbialites and microbial mats are complex communities with high phylogenetic diversity. These communities are mostly composed of bacteria and archaea, which are the earliest living forms on Earth and relevant to biogeochemical evolution. In this study, we identified the shared metabolic pathways for uptake of inorganic C and N in microbial mats and microbialites based on metagenomic data sets. An in silico analysis for autotrophic pathways was used to trace the paths of C and N to the system, following an elementary flux modes (EFM) approach, resulting in a stoichiometric model. The fragility was analyzed by the minimal cut sets method. We found four relevant pathways for the incorporation of CO2 (Calvin cycle, reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle, reductive acetyl-CoA pathway, and dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle), some of them present only in archaea, while nitrogen fixation was the most important source of N to the system. The metabolic potential to incorporate nitrate to biomass was also relevant. The fragility of the network was low, suggesting a high redundancy of the autotrophic pathways due to their broad metabolic diversity, and highlighting the relevance of reducing power source. This analysis suggests that microbial mats and microbialites are “metabolic pumps” for the incorporation of inorganic gases and formation of organic matter.
Target-based drug discovery for β-globin disorders: drug target prediction using quantitative modeling with hybrid functional Petri nets
Authors: Mehraei Mani , Bashirov Rza , Tüzmen Şükrü
Published: June 2016

Recent molecular studies provide important clues into treatment of [Formula: see text]-thalassemia, sickle-cell anaemia and other [Formula: see text]-globin disorders revealing that increased production of fetal hemoglobin, that is normally suppressed in adulthood, can ameliorate the severity of these diseases. In this paper, we present a novel approach for drug prediction for [Formula: see text]-globin disorders. Our approach is centered upon quantitative modeling of interactions in human fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switch network using hybrid functional Petri nets. In accordance with the reverse pharmacology approach, we pose a hypothesis regarding modulation of specific protein targets that induce [Formula: see text]-globin and consequently fetal hemoglobin. Comparison of simulation results for the proposed strategy with the ones obtained for already existing drugs shows that our strategy is the optimal as it leads to highest level of [Formula: see text]-globin induction and thereby has potential beneficial therapeutic effects on [Formula: see text]-globin disorders. Simulation results enable verification of model coherence demonstrating that it is consistent with qPCR data available for known strategies and/or drugs.
Efficient Implementation of Volume/Surface Integrated Average-Based Multi-Moment Method
Authors: Al-Mosallam Mohammed , Yokoi Kensuke
Published: June 2016

We investigated discretization strategies of the conservation equation in volume/surface integrated average-based multi-moment method (VSIAM3) which is a numerical framework for incompressible and compressible flows based on a multi-moment concept. We investigated these strategies through the lid-driven cavity flow problem, shock tube problems, 2D explosion test and droplet splashing on a superhydrophobic substrate. We found that the use of the constrained interpolation profile-conservative semi-Lagrangian with rational function (CIP-CSLR) method as the conservation equation solver is critically important for the robustness of incompressible flow simulations using VSIAM3 and that numerical results are sensitive to discretization techniques of the divergence term in the conservation equation. Based on these results, we proposed efficient implementation techniques of VSIAM3.