bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Note: Ideological Integration in Democratic Party Platforms, 1956-1980
Authors: Paddock Joel
Published: September 2016

A number of scholars have noted that in recent decades the traditionally decentralized American party has been replaced by a more nationalized organization. In the Democratic party this nationalization was associated with the establishment of national standards in the selection of convention delegates, and growing issue-oriented activism. In this study, state and national Democratic party platforms between 1956 and 1980 were content analyzed to determine the extent, if any, of ideological nationalization in the Democratic party. The data show a modest movement toward intra-party integration, but give little hint of the development of a highly ideological and nationalized party.
Review Essay: Whither Realignment?
Authors: Bass Harold F.
Published: September 2016

The “realignment era” in American political science began thirtyfive years ago, when Key (1955) proposed “A Theory of Critical Elections.” In his wake, realignment scholarship has proliferated far and wide (Bass 1991). The concept of realignment pervades contemporary scholarship on American political parties. The “textbook” treatment of the history of party competition in the United States posits periodic realigning elections that substantially alter group bases of party coalitions and establish enduring party systems. The initial analytical focus of the party in the electorate now extends to the party in government, linking elections with public policy. Since political parties constitute central integrating institutions in the political process, realignment has become a key conceptual lens for viewing and interpreting the whole of American political life. Indeed, it has escaped the bounds of scholarship and entered into popular discourse. Further, as subjects of realignment studies, the United States and its component political units now compete with numerous non-American systems.
Citizen-Initiated Contacting: A Three City Test of SES and Need Theories
Authors: Traut Carol Ann
Published: September 2016

Two theories to explain contacting have been advanced: the SES theory which argues that people with higher socioeconomic status have the resources and skills to contact and the need-awareness theory which states that contacting is motivated by need, regardless of SES. Using data from a 1985 survey of citizens in three Florida cities, these two theories were tested. Two very distinct groups of contactors emerged. Social-referent contactors were those people motivated primarily by socioeconomic status. Awareness of government officials, participation in other types of political activity, and to a lesser extent need, as measured by evaluations of city services, were also connected with social-referent contacting. Particularized-referent contactors were those who contacted because of need and awareness, regardless of socioeconomic status. That the effects of city remained significant after controlling for the other variables indicates that environmental context plays a significant yet relatively unexplored role in contacting.
Václav Havel: Building Beyond Democracy
Authors: Lea James F. , Wheat Edward M.
Published: September 2016

This study explicates the political thought of the playwright and dissident Vaclav Havel, who emerged as the most important and visible central European intellectual during the ferment leading up to the revolutions of 1989 and now serves as President of Czechoslovakia. Havel’s political thought is centered in the interaction of three themes: the idea of a pretheoretical anti-politics from below; the phenomenon of the second, or parallel, culture; and the principle of living in truth. His ideas are likely to have great impact on Czechoslovakia and possibly other central and east European nations undertaking democratization.
Interest Group Politics in the New South
Authors: Thomas Clive S. , Hrebenar Ronald J.
Published: September 2016

In this study, a consistent mix of quantitative and qualitative methods is applied to the study of the interest group systems of twelve southern states. It is found that recent transformations of southern life and politics have affected surface aspects of southern interest group systems, such as the range of interests represented and the style of representation, but have not altered the fundamental dominance of the policy process by traditional economic and institutional interests that enjoy advantages in the resources of influence. Existing theories of an inverse relationship between interest group power and party development, socioeconomic development, and government professionalization, respectively, are thus thrown into question.
Panama’s Democratic Transition
Authors: Scranton Margaret E.
Published: September 2016

Panama’s transition from military dictatorship to civilian government is considered in terms of stages of the democratization process. During the decline of the dictatorship (stage one), four transitions -- two electoral, and two negotiations for an elite settlement -- were attempted but failed. Consequently, Panama did not experience a normal second, transitional stage. Instead Panama’s transition was abrupt and unexpected: civilian government was installed during a U.S. invasion. Challenges and progress in consolidating democracy (the third stage) are assessed with special attention to restoration of civilian governance, democratic habits and values, and demilitarization-- a central priority of the new regime.
The Information Gathering Practices of City Officials
Authors: Traut Carol Ann , Rainey Hal G.
Published: September 2016

The pressures on city officials warrant much more research into their evaluations of the sources of information available to them. In more complex times, are they turning more to technical and professional informational supports? How does their reliance on such sources compare to their use of other sources such as the media and contacts with the public? Do mayors and city managers differ on such questions, as one might expect? Using a more elaborate set of questions about this topic than used in previous research, this survey of mayors and city managers in Florida asked them to rate the importance of the information sources they use in decision making. The results permitted comparisons of a public responsiveness model of information-use and a professional-technical model, which usually have been treated separately in previous research. Results indicate that the mayors and city managers showed marked similarities, with the vast majority concentrating on contacts with the public. Far fewer find professional and technical sources and media sources particularly useful. City managers thus showed less reliance than we expected on technical-professional sources, except for some tendencies to do so (1) more than mayors, (2) more in larger cities, and (3) more when they feel government should be less active. The study thus supports researchers who have suggested that city managers play a stronger political and public relations role than idealized conceptions of their role suggest More importantly, it contributes some useful findings about information use by city officials and suggests important avenues for further research.
Building Pluralist Democracy in Africa
Authors: Nyang'oro Julius E.
Published: September 2016

In the last few years, African politics have begun to take a dramatic turn from single-party systems to the possibility of multi-party systems. However, there doesn’t seem to be a clear pattern of change emerging as governments in various countries are attempting to deal with the increased demand for popular participation. This paper argues that in order to understand the current demands for increased participation and the possibilities of multi-partyism, we need to analyze the origins of single-party systems and their consequence. The approach advocated here is that of political economy.
GROWTH OF NATIVE TREES IN TWO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
Authors: Nicodemo Maria Luiza Franceschi , Muller Marcelo Dias , Porfírio-da-Silva Vanderley , Carpanezzi Antônio Aparecido , Pezzopane José Ricardo Macedo , Barioni Júnior Waldomiro
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Agroforestry systems with eucalyptus prevail in Central and Southeast Brazil, and little information is available about systems using native trees. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of seven native tree species grown under two agroforestry systems. The experiment was conducted starting in 2007 in 12-hectare area in the municipality of São Carlos, São Paulo state, Brazil. The tree species planted in the two systems (a silvopastoral system and an agrisilvicultural system) were: 'capixingui' (Croton floribundus) and 'mutambo' (Guazuma ulmifolia) (tutors), 'jequitibá-branco' (Cariniana estrellensis), 'canafistula' (Peltophorum dubium) and 'ipê felpudo' (Zeyheria tuberculosa) (timber trees), and 'angico-branco' (Anadenanthera colubrina) and 'pau-jacaré' (Piptadenia gonoacantha) (N-fixing trees). Data were collected for 48 months. The results show differences among tree development, which was evaluated as growth in height and diameter, as well as sensitivity to insect and disease damage. The overall results show that the agrisilvicultural system allowed better tree development. The species with best performance in the two systems were capixingui, mutambo and canafístula. Ipê-felpudo and jequitibá-branco showed the worst results. The high variability among individuals of the same species indicates the possibility of high production advances with selective breeding of these species.
SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE TO ESTIMATE VOLUME OF EUCALYPT TREES
Authors: Binoti Daniel Henrique Breda , Binoti Mayra Luiza Marques da Silva , Leite Helio Garcia , Andrade Alessandro Vivas , Nogueira Gilciano Saraiva , Romarco Marcio Leles , Pitangui Cristiano Grijó
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to test the application of the technique of support vector machines (SVM) to estimate the volume of eucalyptus trees. The data used in this study were from of 2307 trees of clonal hybrids (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) located in southern Bahia. In the definition of stratification traditionally used 53 stratums were defined (defined by the stratification project and clone). He set the model of Schumacher and Hall for each stratum. The SVM were constructed to correlate the volume of trees on the basis of other independent variables which may be numeric as dbh and height and categorical as genetic material and design. The estimates were analyzed using statistical and graphical analysis of residues. The analysis consisted of the graphical inspection statistical dispersion of errors (residuals) in relation to the percentage of the values observed, and the analysis of the histogram of residues. The statistics used were the correlation between the observed and estimated volumes. The model of Schumacher and Hall showed the correlation between observed and predicted values of 0,993, and the SVM set of correlated 0,994. The SVM technology showed good adaptation to the problem, and this can use to predict the volumetric production of planted forests.
COMPARISON BETWEEN TEST METHODS TO DETERMINE WOOD EMBEDMENT STRENGTH PARALLEL TO THE GRAIN
Authors: Almeida Diego Henrique de , Dias Antonio Alves
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT This study compares the test methods according to the ABNT NBR 7190:1997, EN 383:2007, ASTM D5764:2007, EUROCODE 5:2004, NDS:2001 standards in order to provide support to establish a new test method for determining the embedment strength of wood parallel to the grain. Parallel-to-grain tests were carried out for six wood species (Schizolobium amazonicum; Pinus elliottii; Pinus oocarpa; Hymenaea spp.; Lyptus(r): hybrid Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla, and Goupia glabra) using four diameters (8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm and 16 mm) for the metal pin fasteners (bolts). The experimental results obtained according to the EN 383:2007 standard were closer to the specific values for the metal-dowel connections design used by ABNT NBR 7190:1997, which are considered equal compression parallel to the grain. The use of maximum embedment force or the force causing displacement of 5 mm between the bolt and the test-piece as criteria for determining embedment strength for EN 383:2007 appears to be more appropriate than the criteria used by the Brazilian and American Standards.
Translation to Brazilian Portuguese, cultural adaptation and reproducibility of the questionnaire "Ankylosing Spondylitis: What do you know?"
Authors: Orlandi Aline , Brumini Christine , Jones Anamaria , Natour Jamil
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) generates inflammation and pain in entheses, peripheral joints and the spine. Education regarding AS can improve patients' disability. Thus, it is important to assess patients' knowledge. There is no instrument in the literature for assessing knowledge of AS in Portuguese. The aim here was to translate to the Brazilian Portuguese language, culturally adapt and test the reliability of the questionnaire "Ankylosing Spondylitis: What do you know?" and to correlate the findings with other factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Original article regarding validation of questionnaire, produced at the Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp). METHODS: For translation and cultural adaptation, Guilleman methodology was used. After the first phase, the reliability was tested on 30 patients. Correlations between these scores and other factors were examined. RESULTS: In the interobserver assessment, the Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha were 0.831 and 0.895, respectively. In the intraobserver evaluation, the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha were 0.79 and 0.883, respectively. At this stage, the score for area of knowledge A showed correlations with ethnicity and education; the score for area D, with age; the total score and scores for areas A and B with "social aspects" of SF-36; and the score for area D with "pain", "vitality" and "emotional aspects" of SF-36. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the questionnaire "Ankylosing Spondylitis: What do you know?" was created. It is reproducible and correlates with education level, ethnicity and the SF-36 domains "social aspects" and "emotional aspects".
The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic and in euthanasia procedure for small-sized tropical fishes
Authors: Fernandes I. M. , Bastos Y. F. , Barreto D. S. , Lourenço L. S. , Penha J. M.
Published: September 2016

Abstract Clove oil is used as a fish anesthetic because it is a natural and inexpensive product with low toxicity risks. The goal of the present study was to determine the appropriate concentration of clove oil for small-sized tropical fish to be used in mark-recapture studies or when individuals are to be sacrificed. We applied three different clove oil concentrations (D1=0.05 mL, D2=0.10 mL and D3=0.20 mL per 500 mL of water) on three small-sized fish species. We found a negative relationship between induction time and treatment for two species (Hyphessobrycon sp.1 and Hemigrammus sp.), while concentration was unrelated to recovery time. Fish body length was positively related to induction time in the D2 treatment for Hemigrammus sp., and negatively for Hyphessobrycon sp.1 in the D1 treatment, but was unrelated to recovery time for three species and treatments. Mortality rates varied across treatments, but higher rates were observed with higher clove oil concentrations. We conclude that 0.05 mL of clove oil per 500 mL of water is the most efficient dose for studies where fish will be released back to their natural habitats, while 0.20 mL of clove oil is recommended for studies that require fish euthanization for further laboratory analyses.
Nematodes associated with Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Squamata, Iguanidae) in Semi-arid areas of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Teles D. A. , Brito S. V. , Teixeira A. A. M. , Ribeiro S. C. , Araujo-Filho J. A. , Lima V. F. , Pereira A. M. A. , Almeida W. O.
Published: September 2016

Abstract Nematodes were analyzed in Iguana iguana, a large lizard Iguanidae that is widely distributed throughout the Americas. The aims of the study were investigate the helminths associated with the lizard, I. iguana in semi-arid areas of northeastern Brazil and analyze the parasitological indices (prevalence, and mean intensity of infection). A total of 18 specimens of I. iguana were examined (8 males and 10 females). The overall prevalence of infection was 66.6% (12/18), while in males, it was 75% (6/8) and in females, 60% (6/10). Iguana iguana was identified as a new host for Physaloptera sp., Atractis sp., Piratuba sp. and Subulura sp. This registered contributes to the knowledge of helminth diversity associated with this host.
Performance of pressure-compensating emitters using treated sewage effluent for irrigation
Authors: Fischer Filho João A. , Oliveira Vinicius M. R. de , Dalri Alexandre B. , Zanini José R.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the flow variation of pressure-compensating emitters using treated sewage effluent (TSE). A drip irrigation system with four types of pressure-compensating emitters (G1 - Naan Dan Jain Model Top Drip, G2 - Naan Dan Jain Model Naan PC, G3 - Drip-Plan, G4 - Naan Dan Jain Model Naan Amnon) was installed with TSE from the sewage treatment station, filtered through a disc filter (120 mesh). Seven evaluations of flow rate of the drippers were performed (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 h of operation) operating at 100 kPa. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 7 factorial arrangement (4 models and 7 times) with four replicates and Tukey test to compare the means. The relative flow rate (Qr), flow rate coefficient of variation (CVQ) and degree of clogging (DC) were determined. It was found that the models of emitters were not much susceptible to clogging during the operation of the system. The G4 model showed better performance compared with the others, presenting mean Qr of 99.92%, CVQ of 2.69% and DC of 1.19% at the end of the experiment. The results revealed that emitters are affected by the time of use of TSE.
Production and quality of mini watermelon cv. Smile irrigated with saline water
Authors: Sousa Alan B. O. de , Duarte Sérgio N. , Sousa Neto Osvaldo N. de , Souza Ana C. M. , Sampaio Pedro R. F. , Dias Carlos T. dos S.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the salt tolerance of mini watermelon (cv. Smile). The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Biosystems Engineering of ESALQ/USP. The experimental design was randomized blocks. The plants were irrigated with five levels of salinity (S1 = 1.0; S2 = 2.0; S3 = 3.0; S4 = 4.0 and S5 = 5.0 dS m-1). At 85 days after the beginning of the experiment, the plants and the physical and chemical variables of the fruit were evaluated. Salinity negatively affected the variables: length of the main stem, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, fresh and dry matter. Regarding the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits, salinity reduced the mass, diameter and the pH of the fruit, but increased its vitamin C content. In general, the results suggest that the mini watermelon (cv. Smile) is moderately sensitive to salinity.
Potassium fertilization via fertigation and conventional application on quality of tomato fruits
Authors: Rebouças Neto Mário de O. , Azevedo Benito M. de , Viana Thales V. de A. , Mesquita José B. R. de , Carvalho Marco A. R. de , Carvalho Lilian C. C. de
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The tomato crop plays an important environmental, economic and even social role, especially for creating employment and income. The present work aims to evaluate the effects of potassium (K) drip fertigation and of conventional K fertilization on the tomato crop quality. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in the period between August 2011 and December 2011, in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement and the treatments corresponded to doses (D1 = 200, D2 = 400 and D3 = 800 kg K2O ha-1) and K fertilizing methods (F1 - Fertigation and F2 - Conventional fertilization), plus an additional control (without K fertilization) for each fertilizing method, with four replicates. The following variables were analyzed: fruit firmness (FF), soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH and SS/TA ratio. K fertilization through fertigation (400 kg K2O ha-1) increases SS and the SS/TA ratio of the tomato fruits. Thus, K fertigation is the most promising method, since it allows the use of a lower K dose.
Water stress indices for the sugarcane crop on different irrigated surfaces
Authors: Brunini Rodrigo G. , Turco José E. P.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a crop of vital importance to Brazil, in the production of sugar and ethanol, power generation and raw materials for various purposes. Strategic information such as topography and canopy temperature can provide management technologies accessible to farmers. The objective of this study was to determine water stress indices for sugarcane in irrigated areas, with different exposures and slopes. The daily water stress index of the plants and the water potential in the soil were evaluated and the production system was analyzed. The experiment was carried out in an “Experimental Watershed”, using six surfaces, two horizontal and the other ones with 20 and 40% North and South exposure slopes. Water stress level was determined by measuring the temperatures of the vegetation cover and the ambient air. Watering was carried out using a drip irrigation system. The results showed that water stress index of sugarcane varies according to exposure and slope of the terrain, while areas whose water stress index was above 5.0 oC had lower yield values.
Modeling of operational performance parameters applied in mechanized harvest of coffee
Authors: Cunha João P. B. , Silva Fabio M. da , Andrade Ednilton T. de , Carvalho Luis C. C.
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT In super-mechanized coffee harvesting system, all operations are performed mechanically. In order to improve the logistics of mechanized agricultural operations, the knowledge on the variables that affect the operational performance can generate models to accurately estimate these parameters. The use of response surface methodology (RSM) allows to verify the influence of different independent variables and the generated response to allow for a great value. This study aimed to verify, using RSM, the influence of speed, mean length of rows and the slope of the areas on the operational performance parameters in different mechanized operations in coffee production, such as: harvest, sweeping and gathering. The results show that the slope directly influences the operational performance of the mechanical harvesting of coffee. The RSM proved to be an important tool to verify the effect of variables on performance parameters, and the generated models showed high significance.
Compreensão em Leitura no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Oliveira Katya Luciane de , Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli dos , Rosa Milena Teixeira
Published: September 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar a habilidade de compreensão de leitura de alunos do ensino fundamental de diferentes estados e escolas. Participaram 1316 alunos de escolas públicas dos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraná. Foi utilizado um texto de 83 vocábulos, preparado segundo a técnica de Cloze, em sua versão tradicional, em que se omitem todos os quintos vocábulos do texto. A aplicação foi coletiva, e os dados, submetidos à estatística descritiva e inferencial. Identificou-se que o nível de habilidade detectado foi o instrucional e houve diferenças relativas aos estados comparados e o tipo de escola. Os dados são discutidos em termos de suas implicações para a área de avaliação psicoeducacional.
Avaliação de Músicas Compostas para Indução de Relaxamento e de seus Efeitos Psicológicos
Authors: Nunes-Silva Marília , Valadares Ana Carolina Duarte , Rosa Gerlaine Teixeira , Lopes Liliane Cristina Moreira , Marra Célia Auxiliadora dos Santos
Published: September 2016

Resumo O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as características das músicas compostas por dois diferentes compositores para a fase preparatória da Abordagem Direta do Inconsciente/Terapia de Integração Pessoa (ADI/TIP) e seus efeitos psicológicos, buscando verificar se elas contribuem para a indução de relaxamento. Para tanto, foi realizada inicialmente a análise teórica das músicas com o intuito de verificar se apresentavam características estruturais consideradas relaxantes, evidenciadas pelos estudos experimentais revisados. Posteriormente, as músicas foram avaliadas considerando os efeitos subjetivos eliciados pela sua audição. Participaram do estudo 72 voluntários, divididos em quatro condições: 1) Compositor A; 2) Compositor B; 3) Coletânea (músicas utilizadas em estudos prévios para promover o relaxamento); e 4) Sem audição musical. Os participantes responderam a um protocolo de avaliação da percepção subjetiva de sentimentos e emoções antes e depois de serem expostos à condição experimental. Os dados do protocolo foram comparados com os dados obtidos na análise teórica das músicas. Apesar de as músicas do compositor A apresentarem mais características estruturais relaxantes do que as do compositor B, todas as músicas analisadas foram consideradas como relaxantes e tiveram efeito para redução da pontuação da categoria de “Raiva/Medo” do protocolo utilizado. Isso indica que as músicas utilizadas na fase preparatória do método ADI/TIP possuem características relaxantes e contribuem para diminuição de sensações correspondentes a uma valência negativa e excitabilidade alta, favorecendo à promoção do estado de relaxamento necessário à eficácia deste método terapêutico.
Validade por Estrutura Interna da Escala para Avaliação de Tendência à Agressividade
Authors: Bustamante Maria Inês , Capitão Cláudio Garcia , Batista Marcos Antonio , Bartholomeu Daniel , Montiel José Maria
Published: September 2016

Resumo Após a construção de um instrumento, seu aprimoramento contínuo torna-se necessário. Neste contexto, assume relevância saber se a estrutura fatorial de um teste é mantida em outras amostras distintas da de padronização. Com isso, o presente estudo buscou evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna para a Escala para Avaliação de Tendência à Agressividade – EATA. Participaram do estudo 480 universitários de cursos nas áreas de Ciências Humanas (41,2%), Ciências Biológicas (41,2%) e Ciências Exatas (17,5%), de uma universidade do sul de Minas Gerais. A idade dos participantes variou de 18 a 55 anos, com média de 24 anos (DP = 6,31). Foi realizada uma análise fatorial confirmatória, usando o método de estimação maximum likelihood, sendo que o modelo testado não se apresentou apropriado para o conjunto de dados observados. A análise fatorial exploratória resultou em uma escala com 32 itens, com boas propriedades psicométricas, composta por subescala A com 18 itens (alfa de Cronbach = 0,83), subescala B com 6 itens (alfa de Cronbach = 0,75) e subescala C com 7 itens (alfa de Cronbach = 0,63). Nas duas análises não se confirmou a estrutura original e propõe se uma nova configuração dos itens do instrumento.
O Fenômeno do Expatriado no Contexto Esportivo
Authors: Faggiani Fernanda , Lindern Daniele , Strey Artur , Aiquel Paula Fernandes , Fulginiti Daniel , Sartori Camila , Lisboa Carolina Saraiva de Macedo
Published: September 2016

Resumo O presente artigo teve como objetivo identificar o(s) termo(s) utilizados nos estudos para se referir ao processo de mudança de região/país para a prática esportiva. Buscou-se também compreender os impactos estudados referentes ao processo de adaptação do indivíduo a um novo contexto para a atividade esportiva. Uma revisão sistemática nas bases PsycNET, Web of Science e SciELO foi conduzida a partir dos descritores: Expatriates AND Sport, Acculturation AND Sport, Migratory Transition AND Sport e Migrants AND Sport. Após filtro baseado em critérios de inclusão e exclusão relacionados aos objetivos da revisão, foram identificados nove artigos. Observou-se que não existe um único termo para definir o processo de transição entre culturas de atletas, identificando-se termos como: transição migratória, migração, aculturação. O interesse dos estudos está em entender como ocorre o processo de adaptação de indivíduos em uma nova cultura. Foi possível entender que, embora motivados a uma projeção na carreira esportiva, os atletas enfrentam desafios como: adaptação ao novo estilo de treinamento, a distância da família e de amigos e a dificuldade em comunicar-se efetivamente com as pessoas da cultura local. Os atletas enfrentam situações de isolamento e dificuldades de estabelecer relações o que interfere na saúde mental e performance esportiva.
Vivências de Discriminação e Resistência de uma Prostituta Negra
Authors: Banuth Raquel de Freitas , Santos Manoel Antônio dos
Published: September 2016

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender as vivências de exclusão, discriminação e resistência de uma profissional do sexo negra, que trabalhava em uma casa de prostituição do interior de São Paulo. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante com uma mulher negra, que trabalhava em uma casa onde todas as outras profissionais eram brancas. A análise de dados foi orientada pelo modelo proposto por Braun e Clarke e abordou as principais categorias temáticas que concernem ao desenvolvimento profissional no universo das profissionais do sexo. Os relatos mostraram que as colegas de trabalho e os clientes empreendiam um processo de marcada exclusão da entrevistada, baseado no fato de ela pertencer a um grupo racial diferente dos demais. Apesar de enfrentar a “exclusão dentro da exclusão”, a participante não legitimou o preconceito do qual era vítima e, para combatê-lo, lançou mão de estratégias para minimizar o impacto que a discriminação racial exercia sobre ela.
Tendências da literatura científica sobre genética de populações de plantas do Cerrado
Authors: Souza Ueric José Borges de , Telles Mariana Pires de Campos , Diniz-Filho José Alexandre Felizola
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O Cerrado é considerado um dos "hotspots" mundiais de biodiversidade, em função da grande extensão de vegetação natural que vem sendo continuamente perdida e do elevado número de espécies endêmicas de plantas, que muitas vezes têm sido listadas como prioridades em programas de conservação e para estudos de genética de populações. A fim de verificar tendências nos estudos de genética de populações das espécies de plantas deste bioma, uma avaliação cienciométrica dos artigos publicados e disponíveis em diferentes bases de dados foi realizada. Um total de 171 publicações provenientes de 48 periódicos foi encontrada, entre os anos de 1999 a 2014, com o número de publicações aumentando significativamente nesse período. Noventa e uma espécies com diferentes formas de vida foram estudadas, usando diferentes tipos de marcadores moleculares. A análise cienciometrica dos artigos encontrados permitiu uma melhor compreensão do conhecimento atual sobre a genética de populações de plantas do bioma Cerrado.
Convolvulaceae da Microrregião do Alto Capibaribe, PE, Brasil
Authors: Nepomuceno Silmara Cecília , Athiê-Souza Sarah Maria , Buril Maria Teresa
Published: September 2016

RESUMO Convolvulaceae apresenta distribuição cosmopolita com maior diversidade nos Neotrópicos. No Nordeste do Brasil, onde os estudos sobre a família são recentes, são encontrados 18 gêneros e 209 espécies. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou ampliar os estudos de Convolvulaceae na região, enfocando a microrregião do Alto Capibaribe em Pernambuco. A família é representada na área por 20 espécies incluídas nos gêneros Evolvulus (duas spp.), Ipomoea (oito spp.), Jacquemontia (cinco spp.), Merremia (três spp.), Operculina (uma sp.) e Turbina (uma sp.). Metade das espécies são novos registros para área. São apresentadas descrições, comentários taxonômicos e de distribuição, ilustrações e uma chave de identificação.
The genus Allomyces (Blastocladiomycota) in the State of Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Rocha José de Ribamar de Sousa , Saraiva Laércio de Sousa , Silva Janete Barros da , Macêdo Maria do Amparo de Moura
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Brazilian ecosystems have been intensively exploited for agricultural expansion, however, the diversity of zoosporic organisms in such biomes remains little known. Therefore, further research is required to better understand their role within these ecosystems. Studies with zoosporic fungi were carried out and 22 Allomyces isolates were obtained from soil samples collected at six municipalities from Piauí State. After identification procedures, the taxa were grouped into four species: A. anomalus R. Emers., A. arbusculus E.J. Butler, A. moniliformis Coker & Braxton, and A. neomoniliformis Indoh. A. arbusculus had the highest rate of resistant sporangia viability (10%) and the largest geographical distribution in Piauí, occurring in seven out of ten sites studied. Countrywide, they occur within 14 municipalities from three states. Greater knowledge about the geographical distribution of Allomyces in Brazil is being pioneered in the State of Piauí. Novel information regarding the diversity and occurrence, as well as taxonomic characteristics of the isolates is presented herein.
Retificação cilíndrica do aço VP50 utilizando o rebolo de carbeto de silício verde com a técnica de MQL
Authors: Fragoso Kamira Miksza , Umberto Derik Rios , Barili Ighor Costa , Bianchi Eduardo Carlos , Silva Rosemar Batista da , Aguiar Paulo Roberto , Mello Hamilton Jose de
Published: September 2016

RESUMO A retificação é um processo de alta geração de calor, portanto, com seu uso em larga escala, a pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de lubri-refrigeração se fazem necessários, visando respeitar as leis ambientais, preservar a saúde do operador e reduzir custos de produção. Deve-se, então, buscar soluções que mantenham os mesmos parâmetros de qualidade, acabamento e os mesmos efeitos tecnológicos. Um dos métodos propostos para este fim é o MQL (mínima quantidade de lubrificação), que utiliza uma mistura de ar com baixo fluxo de óleo a elevada pressão. O aço a ser utilizado como corpo de prova foi VP 50, muito usado na indústria em moldes para injeção de termoplásticos. O rebolo utilizado foi o de carbeto de silício verde, com ligante vitrificado. Apresentam boas características térmicas, estabilidade química elevada na retificação ferros fundidos, materiais não ferrosos e não metálicos. A análise dos resultados foi feita através avaliação das variáveis de saída do processo, tais como rugosidade, emissão acústica, circularidade, microscopia óptica (para verificação de dano térmico) e microdureza. Dentre os resultados evidenciados, a técnica MQL demonstrou ser superior ao método convencional apenas nos parâmetros de circularidade e desgaste diametral do rebolo, sendo que não houve alteração microestrutural em ambos os métodos de lubrificação.
Painéis sanduíches de poliéster reforçado com fibras de rami para aplicação na Construção Civil
Authors: Motta Leila Aparecida de Castro , Gonçalves Lauren Karoline de Sousa , Silva Monise Ramos da , Cunha Jesiel , Dantas Marília Estábile
Published: September 2016

RESUMO Neste trabalho foram produzidos e caracterizados mecanicamente compósitos de resina de poliéster reforçada com tecido bidirecional de fios de rami, com diferentes teores de reforço. Estes compósitos foram testados experimentalmente e numericamente como faces de painéis sanduíches formados com núcleos de bucha vegetal impregnada com resina de poliéster e poliestireno expandido - EPS. A caracterização mecânica dos materiais em estudo foi realizada em laboratório a partir de ensaios de tração e flexão, e simulação numérica pelo Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF). A microestrutura do compósito foi analisada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). A partir das propriedades mecânicas obtidas para os compósitos reforçados com tecido bidirecional de fios de rami e núcleos de EPS e bucha vegetal, observou-se viável a confecção de painéis sanduíches para aplicação na Construção Civil. Os compósitos com 50% de volume de fios de rami apresentaram as melhores propriedades mecânicas e foram usados como faces nos protótipos dos painéis. Os núcleos em estudo apresentaram bons resultados, com destaque para a bucha vegetal impregnada de resina poliéster, que apresentou maior rigidez e opções de confecção de painéis com maiores dimensões e mais delgados. O presente trabalho evidenciou o potencial das fibras vegetais para uso como constituintes dos compósitos poliméricos e núcleo dos painéis sanduíches e, portanto, revela uma nova alternativa de aproveitamento dessas fibras para aplicação no setor da construção.
From regional to local scale modelling on the south-eastern Brazilian shelf: case study of Paranaguá estuarine system
Authors: Franz Guilherme Augusto Stefanelo , Leitão Paulo , Santos Aires dos , Juliano Manuela , Neves Ramiro
Published: September 2016

Abstract The applicability of a numerical model following a downscaling methodology was evaluated for the south-eastern Brazilian shelf (regional model) and Paranaguá estuarine system (local model). This approach permits the simulation of different scale processes, such as storm surges and coastal upwelling, and is suitable for operational forecasting purposes. When large areas are covered by regional models, the tidal propagation inside the domain can be significantly affected by the local tidal potential, mainly where the resonance phenomenon is observed. The south-eastern Brazilian shelf is known for the resonance of the third-diurnal principal lunar tidal constituent (M3), the largest amplitudes being found in the Paranaguá estuarine system. Therefore, the significance of the local tidal potential was assessed in this study for the most important tidal constituents inside the estuarine system (including M3). The model validation was performed with tidal gauge data, Argo float profiles and satellite measurements of Sea Surface Temperature. The methodology described in this study can be replicated for other important estuarine systems located on the south-eastern Brazilian shelf. Furthermore, the numerical model was developed within a perspective of operational nowcast/forecast simulations, useful for several activities such as navigation and response to emergencies (e.g., oil spills).
Coastal Vulnerability Assessment using geoindicators: case study of Rio Grande do Sul coastline
Authors: Souza Priscila Emerich , Nicolodi João Luiz
Published: September 2016

Abstract Geoindicators are means adopted for the measurement of geological processes and phenomena that occur at or near the Earth's surface and vary significantly over periods of 100 years or less. These tools have focused on assessing geological impacts and risks over the last three decades. However, the use of geoindicators is not widely known and has not been as greatly exploited as have most environmental indicators. The objective of this study is to contribute to the diffusion of information about and the application of geoindicators. We have defined, in terms of geoindicators, parameters and aspects of coastal environments that are commonly studied or monitored. The geoindicators proposed were designed for assessing coastal physical vulnerability in the case of the coastal beaches of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Four geoindicators were defined and tested: the height and morpho-ecological state of the foredunes, shoreline position, and washout concentrations. An additional sócio-environmental indicator was included, sanitary quality. These indicators were brought together to constitute a Physical Vulnerability Index that represented seven locations along the coastline assessed. In addition, the indicators and Index values were used to generate a cartographic map that could be understood by the public and used by decision makers.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ISCHIOTIBIAL AND PARAVERTEBRAL MUSCLES AND LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: DORTA HARON SILVA
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Low back pain or lumbago is a painful condition that affects an increasing number of people around the world and has numerous causal factors. Among these factors, the most distinctive are muscle imbalances, weakness of paravertebral muscles and shortening of ischiotibial muscles. The role of these muscle groups is still controversial and not fully explained in the literature. Thus, a survey was conducted in the SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases in the last decade (2003-2013), using as keywords: hamstrings, low back pain, lumbago, and paravertebral. The works found confirm that, according to the methodology, weakness in paravertebral muscles is of great importance to the development of low back pain as well as the shortening of the ischiotibial muscles, which are directly related to this factor.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE VERTEBRAE C7 AND T1
Authors: ZELADA FLÁVIO GERARDO BENITES , LETAIF OLAVO BIRAGHI , MARCON RAPHAEL MARTUS , CRISTANTE ALEXANDRE FOGAÇA , OLIVEIRA REGINALDO PERILO , BARROS FILHO TARCÍSIO ELOY PESSOA DE
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: The anatomical study of the vertebrae C7 and T1 of the cervicothoracic junction aimed to evaluate quantitatively, by axial computerized tomography (CT), the linear and angular dimensions of the anatomical laminae of the vertebrae of the cervicothoracic junction C7 and T1 in adults over 18 years. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 49 CT of the cervical and thoracic spine (C7 and T1) of individuals over 18 years, of both sexes. We also evaluated the length and thickness of the laminae, as well as spinolaminar angle in axial sections of C7 and T1 at the point of least thickness between the inner cortical layers. The variables were correlated with age groups and sex of the individuals. Statistical analysis was performed using the t test and the results were considered significant when p<0.05. Results: After analyzing tomographic measurements of 49 patients, it was found that men had greater laminae thickness than women, both in C7 and T1, with 71% of C7 laminae and 92% of T1 laminae thicker than 5mm, and 97% of C7 laminae and 100% of T1 thicker than 4mm. The mean spinolaminar angle was 56.40 degrees in C7 and 57.31 degrees in T1. Conclusion: This study brings important anatomical information about the cervicothoracic junction C7 and T1 in the Brazilian population, showing that fixation of C7 and T1 with intralaminar screws is anatomically possible.
TRANSFORAMINAL CERVICAL NERVE ROOT BLOCK: OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS
Authors: VIALLE EMILIANO NEVES , VIALLE LUIZ ROBERTO GOMES , GUASQUE JOANA BRETAS CABRAL RONDON
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the effect and complications after transforaminal injection for cervicobrachialgia caused by cervical disc herniation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing fluoroscopy-guided transforaminal injection for radiculopathy caused by cervical disc herniation. During the last seven years, 57 patients (39 female, 18 male, mean age 45.6 years) experiencing cervical radiculopathy underwent cervical foraminal block guided by fluoroscopy by postero-lateral approach. The position of the needle was verified after injection of a small amount of contrast. A glucocorticosteroid was injected after 0.5 ml of 2% lidocaine. Results: The local with the highest prevalence of procedures was C6 root (31 procedures); 14 patients underwent C7 block, 7 had C5 block, and 5 in C4. Eight patients (14%) had complications (3 syncopes, 3 transient hoarseness, one patient had worsening of symptoms and one patient had soft tissue hematoma). In total, 42.1% were asymptomatic after the procedure and therefore did not require surgery after the procedure. Other 57.9% had transient improvement, became asymptomatic for at least 2 months but required surgery due to the recurrence of symptoms. Conclusion: Cervical foraminal block for cervical disc herniation is a safe way to avoid surgery. Some patients still need surgery after the procedure, but the temporary improvement in symptoms gives the patient some relief while awaiting surgery.
PATIENTS WITH SPINAL METASTASIS SUBMITTED TO NEUROLOGICAL DECOMPRESSION AND STABILIZATION
Authors: ANDRADE NETO JADER DE , FONTES BRUNO PINTO COELHO , MACEDO RODRIGO D'ALESSANDRO , SIMÕES CHRISTIANO ESTEVES
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze retrospectively the surgical outcomes of a group of patients with bone metastases and multiple myeloma in the spine, which underwent neurological decompression and arthrodesis using pedicle screws, by isolated posterior approach, to check whether the operated patients present clinical improvement regarding the pain and neurological deficit compared to the preoperative period. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study of case series, that analyzed data from medical records of patients with bone metastases in the spine who underwent surgical treatment between January 2007 and February 2011. Results: Of the 42 patients in the sample, according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p=0.000) there was improvement in pain with respect to the preoperative, with 33 patients (78.6%) reporting improvement and only 9 (21.4%) maintaining the initial pain complaints. Of the 25 patients available for evaluation of neurological improvement (≠ Frankel E) 9 patients (36%) had some kind of improvement postoperatively, and no operated patient presented neurological worsening, indicating statistical significance according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p = 0.000). It was also observed statistical correlation (p=0.042) between Frankel functional score postoperatively and pain relief, using the chi-square test. Conclusions: Surgical treatment for patients with spinal metastasis through arthrodesis with pedicle instrumentation and decompression may have significant clinical benefits, especially as regards the improvement in pain symptoms and improved neurological function.
EVALUATION OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS UNDERGOING SPINAL FUSION BY THE POSTERIOR APPROACH
Authors: POMAR FELIPE DE MORAES , SOUSA DAPHINE DE CARVALHO , GOTFRYD ALBERTO OFENHEJM , CARNEIRO NICOLA JORGE
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prognostic factors in the treatment of patients diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion by the posterior approach. Methods: The study included 48 patients with idiopathic adolescent scoliosis (43 females and 5 males) who underwent spinal fusion by the posterior approach, with an average age at diagnosis of 12 years, and clinical signs of Risser between 3 and 4 at the time of surgery. Clinical and radiographic measurements were performed, the participants answered the SRS-30 questionnaire, and the analysis of the medical record data was performed in two occasions during the preoperative period and at the end of two years of follow-up. Results: All satisfaction measures showed statistically significant change after the procedure (p<0.05) with respect to the radiographic characteristics, except for the lumbar apical vertebral translation (p=0.540) and Cobb L1-L5 (p=0.225). Conclusion: In general, it was found that patients who received surgical treatment were more satisfied with their appearance than those who underwent conservative treatment.