bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Dynamics of PM2.5 Concentration Levels in China: A Comprehensive Study of Spatio-Temporal Patterns, Driving Factors, and Implications for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Miao Yuanlu , Geng Chunmei , Ji Yuanyuan , Wang Shengli , Wang Lijuan , Yang Wen
Published: February 2025

Over the past decade, China’s air quality has improved significantly. To further mitigate the concentration levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), this study analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution of PM2.5 concentrations from 2012 to 2022. Furthermore, the study integrated the generalized additive model (GAM) and GeoDetector to investigate the main driving factors and explored the complex response relationships between these factors and PM2.5 concentrations. The results showed the following: (1) The annual average concentration of PM2.5 in China peaked in 2013. The annual reductions of PM2.5 in each city ranged from 1.48 to 7.33 μg/m3. In each year, the PM2.5 concentrations were always consistently higher in north and east China and lowest in northeast and southwest China. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the North China Plain, the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain, and the Sichuan Basin exhibited the highest PM2.5 concentration levels and showed high aggregation characteristics. (3) The GeoDetector analysis identified the concentrations of SO2, NO2, and CO and the meteorological conditions as important factors influencing the spatial differentiation of PM2.5. The results of the GAM showed that the meteorological factors, such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and precipitation, generally had specific inflection points in their effects on the PM2.5 concentration levels. The relationship of PM2.5 with the gross domestic product and population density followed an inverted U shape. The PM2.5 concentrations under the land use types of cropland, barren, impervious, and water were higher than others. The concentration of PM2.5 decreased significantly under all land use types. Our work can be used as a strong basis for providing insights crucial for developing long-term pollution control strategies and promoting environmental sustainability.
Construction of Ecological Security Network in Mountainous Transitional Geospace Using Circuit Theory and Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis: A Case Study of Taihang Mountain Area
Authors: Zhang Ruicong , Hu Maogui , Sheng Anjie , Deng Wei , Zhang Shaoyao , Liu Jintong
Published: February 2025

Since entering the process of industrialization, human activities have interfered with the original ecological environment, and the expansion of cities has also impacted the ecological service function. In order to maintain the balance of the ecosystem and the stability of ecological security, it is very important to establish an ecological security network (ESN), particularly in transitional geospace. To address this, we proposed a framework for mountainous transitional geospace by morphological spatial pattern analysis and circuit theory. Taihang Mountain area is applied as a case, establishing a suitable evaluation system for the mountainous transitional geospace. Using circuit theory to quantitively construct the ESN, it was found that there are 34 ecological sources in the Taihang Mountain area. The corridors primarily run north–south in the east and west but display a mesh-like layout in the central and southern parts. These elements integrated an ESN of “four zones and three lines”. Key ecological pinch point areas are primarily in plains or plateaus, and ecological barrier restoration areas are mainly in basins and mountainous areas. The study provides recommendations for protection and restoration work in the Taihang Mountain area, which hold both theoretical and practical significance for ecological planning.
Crime and Urban Facilities: Spatial Differences and Planning Responses in Changsha
Authors: Liu Fanmin , Zhao Xianchao , Wang Mengjie
Published: February 2025

With rapid urbanization, the spatial layout and functional characteristics of urban facilities have a strong correlation with the spatial distribution of criminal activities. Using Changsha City as a case study, this research analyzes 2023 urban crime data, Point of Interest (POI) data, and socioeconomic data. The Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model and clustering analysis are applied to examine how different types of urban facilities influence the spatial heterogeneity of crimes and propose tailored urban planning recommendations and crime prevention strategies. The findings reveal the following: (1) The spatial distribution of crimes in Changsha’s central urban area demonstrates significant spatial heterogeneity. Property crimes dominate in frequency and spatial distribution, primarily clustering around commercial hubs and transport nodes, while violent crimes are more common in scenic areas and open spaces with high pedestrian flow. (2) The impact of built facilities on crime exhibits spatial variability. Facilities such as Financial Services Facilities (FSF) and Shopping facilities (SHF) significantly contribute to property crime in core urban areas, while Scientific, educational, and cultural facilities (SEC) suppress crime in university towns. Scenic spots and facilities (SPF) are associated with violent crimes near scenic site entrances and transport hubs. (3) Facility resource allocation and preventive strategies should be optimized based on dominant factors in different areas to enhance security management efficiency through precise and differentiated planning, fostering sustainable urban safety systems. This study provides insights into the spatial patterns of crime distribution and its dominant factors from the perspective of urban facilities, offering a scientific basis for improving urban crime management and facility planning.
The Shroud of Turin: An Overview of the Archaeological Scientific Studies
Authors: Karapanagiotis Ioannis
Published: February 2025

The Shroud of Turin attracts consistently the interest of both the scientific community and the general public, as many believe that it is the burial cloth of Christ. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the relevant scientific research addressing two key questions: (i) how were the image of the human body and the bloodstains formed on the Shroud? (ii) What is the age of the Shroud? The answer to the first question remains a mystery, and the article explores the most promising hypotheses. Consequently, the scientific community should have another opportunity in the near future, similar to that of the 1978 STURP campaign, to study the object. The 1989 radiocarbon dating of the Shroud, which addressed the second question and suggested that the linen cloth dates to the 14th century AD, is discussed in light of hypotheses and experimental studies that have raised concerns and objections about the Shroud’s possible medieval origin. It is concluded that the evidence from the significant reports published to date, which challenge the radiocarbon dating, is insufficient to overturn its finding. However, extracting new samples from different parts of the object to perform a second series of radiocarbon dating measurements is suggested.
PRV-1 Virulence in Atlantic Salmon Is Affected by Host Genotype
Authors: Polinski Mark , Gross Lynden , Groman David , Alarcón Marta , Braceland Mark , Booman Marije , Ditlecadet Delphine , May Samuel , Gagné Nellie , Garver Kyle
Published: February 2025

Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is a significant disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) production in Norway but has had limited impact to production in North America. The causative agent of HSMI is piscine orthoreovirus genotype 1 (PRV-1), and disease variation between regions is suggested to be at least partially driven by genetic variation of the virus. Using controlled laboratory injection challenges, we corroborate variations in disease outcomes for three PRV-1 isolates (PRV-1a from the eastern Pacific, PRV-1a from the western Atlantic, and PRV-1b from the Norwegian sea); however, virus replication dynamics, host recognition, and PRV-1-associated heart inflammation were also discrete relative to the Atlantic salmon stock challenged, irrespective of the viral isolate used. Specifically, New Brunswick Tobique River Atlantic salmon had less (p < 0.01) heart inflammation relative to Mowi-McConnell Atlantic salmon of Western Canada which, in turn, had less (p < 0.01) heart inflammation than Mowi Atlantic salmon of Scotland when cumulatively considering challenges using all three PRV-1 isolates. These data indicate that the presence of PRV-1a or PRV-1b alone is not sufficient to reliably predict disease and highlights at least one potential mechanism (host genotype) for reducing HSMI disease severity.
EV Battery Degradation Assessment Under Standard Drive Cycles Using Simulated EIS
Authors: Jayasinghe Akila E. , Fernando Nuwantha , Kumarawadu Sisil , Wang Liuping , Karunadasa J. P.
Published: February 2025

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a critical role in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and degradation of LIBs influences lifetime, reliability, safety and dependability. The ability to assess and quantify degradation enables assessment of LIB’s true state of health. This paper investigates LIB degradation using a pseudo two-dimensional (P2D) model, particularly focusing on the changes to Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results due to degradation. Three key degradation mechanism are considered and the impact of State-of-Charge (SoC) and temperature on EIS results are discussed. This paper also identifies the need for a more realistic approach to assess degradation. Simulations are conducted considering four repetitive standard drive cycles (viz., HTDDT, HWFET, US06 and OCTBC) for a vehicle travel distance of 150,000 km for each case. The cycle counting method is used to convert partial SoC variations during a drive cycle to an equivalent full cycle count which is then used within the degradation model to modify the parameters to represent the P2D model. This study demonstrates a robust process for analyzing degradation dynamics. The methodology presented here can guide future researchers with experimental data, enabling validation and refinement of model parameters to advance LIB degradation analysis and improve battery life predictions under operational scenarios.
The Water Paradox of Bandung: Rich in Rain, Poor in Policy
Authors: Sunarwibowo Anton , Megantara Erri Noviar , Agustin Herlina , Sutriadi Ridwan
Published: February 2025

Water availability is an important aspect of life. With the increasing number of humans with the same water cycle, it is possible that water scarcity will occur, including in Bandung City, especially in Jatisari Village, Buahbatu District. Public awareness and regulation of water use are required. This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental communication on community behavior with the intervening variable of cognitive dissonance in household water use in Jatisari Village; explore environmental communication carried out and what the obstacles are; and also explore the scope of water policies in Bandung City. This study uses a mixed method with analysis using SPSS 25 and ATLAS.ti 23.1. The results of the Sobel test showed that the mediation coefficient of 0.0288 was significant, which means that cognitive dissonance has significant mediating influence in the relationship between environmental communication and perceptions for behavioral change. Meanwhile, environmental communication in Bandung City Government and non-Bandung City Government to maintain the sustainability of water has shown collaboration involving various stakeholders. Although there is much progress, there are still obstacles that need to be overcome, especially in coordination between actors and increasing public awareness. Also, six policies on water were found but showed that there is no policy that specifically regulates water conservation, water distribution, and limits on water use to support water availability. This is likely due to the absence of parameters that can convince the government to make policies on water conservation, for example, through the Water Scarcity Assessment Index.
Photocatalytic Removal of the Antibiotic Furazolidone Using g-C3N4 in the Presence of Persulfates Under Lab and Pilot Scale Conditions
Authors: Efthymiou Christina , Lykos Christos , Boti Vasiliki , Konstantinou Ioannis , Albanis Triantafyllos
Published: February 2025

Furazolidone, a nitrofuran antibiotic, has been broadly used in aquaculture and veterinary medicine, and its presence in water poses considerable environmental and health hazards due to its toxicity. This study investigated a hybrid photocatalytic process for the removal of furazolidone, employing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and persulfate anions (PS) under both laboratory and pilot-scale conditions. The synergistic effect of g-C3N4 and PS enhanced the generation of reactive species, facilitating the efficient degradation of FZ in two different aqueous matrices. Through scavenging studies, positive holes were determined to be the dominant reactive species, followed by sulfate radicals. Seven transformation products of FZ were tentatively identified via UHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS analysis. The optimized photocatalytic system (g-C3N4/PS) achieved a 100% removal of furazolidone in less than 60 min under simulated solar light, demonstrating its potential for large-scale application in wastewater remediation. Furthermore, pilot-scale experiments using real secondary treated municipal wastewater proved that the applied process is capable of achieving an 86.2% removal of furazolidone (k = 0.017 min−1) as well as a 90% decrease in effluent ecotoxicity within 120 min of UVA irradiation. This study provides insights into sustainable processes for the removal of antibiotic contaminants from wastewater and underscores the role of g-C3N4-based photocatalytic approaches in upper-scale applications.
The Role of Blockchain Technology and Financial Literacy in Shaping Cryptocurrency Investment Decisions
Authors: Ahmad Gunawan  , Hilda  , Oscar Jayanegara  , Rion Wang
Published: February 2025

The rapid growth of cryptocurrency markets has raised important questions about how investors make decisions in this highly volatile space. This research investigates the role of blockchain technology and financial literacy in shaping cryptocurrency investment decisions, focusing on how these factors influence investor behavior and risk management. The study aims to explore how blockchain’s decentralized nature provides security and transparency in cryptocurrency transactions and how a higher level of financial literacy can improve decision making among investors. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a quantitative survey of 300 cryptocurrency investors with qualitative interviews from 15 experienced market participants. The survey assessed financial literacy levels, understanding of blockchain technology, and investment decision-making, while the interviews provided deeper insights into how these factors interconnect. The findings indicate that blockchain technology perceived security and transparency significantly enhance investor confidence, while higher financial literacy levels correlate with more informed and strategic investment decisions. Furthermore, investors with both high blockchain knowledge and financial literacy are better at managing risk and avoiding common pitfalls in the market. The study concludes that both blockchain technology and financial literacy are crucial in shaping effective cryptocurrency investment strategies. Policymakers and financial educators should focus on improving fi- nancial literacy to empower investors and ensure better market stability. This research provides valuable insights for the development of educational frame- works and policies to support informed decision-making in cryptocurrency investments.
Enhancing Security and Privacy in Blockchain Systems for Tax Administration
Authors: Mardiana  , Asep Sutarman  , Dyah Juliastuti  , Istiqomah Yati  , Lucy Patricia Pasha
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze the implementation of blockchain technology in tax administration to improve taxpayer compliance and state revenue. The research method used involves a literature study, secondary data analysis, and interviews with experts in taxation and blockchain technology. The background of this research is the challenges faced by the government in minimizing tax non-compliance and improving the efficiency of tax administration. The main object is to evaluate the potential of blockchain as a solution to create transparency, security, and accountability in the tax system. The method used is a quantitative approach through distributing questionnaires to 11 respondents consisting of the directorate general of taxation, taxation employees, the public as service users. Results show that blockchain implementation can reduce the risk of data manipulation, increase taxpayer confidence through transparency, and support more accurate reporting and monitoring. In addition, the use of smart contracts can simplify taxation processes, such as automatic tax calculation and direct payments. The conclusion of this study confirms that blockchain has significant potential to improve tax compliance and revenue, but challenges such as implementation costs, regulations, and infrastructure readiness need to be considered. This research provides recommendations for the government to consider a phased implementation strategy with pilot projects to ensure the successful application of blockchain technology in tax administration.
Analisis Multi Varian Pemesinan Bor Magnesium AZ31B Menggunakan Metode Taguchi Gray Relational Analysis
Authors: Leksono Panji Mario , Yanuar Burhanuddin  , Gusri Akhyar Ibrahim  , Suryadiwansa Harun
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mendapatkan parameter pemesinan bor yang optimal terhadap respon umur pahat, kekasaran permukaan dan respon pengaruh arus listrik. Untuk umur pahat merupakan turunan dari nilai keausan yang diperoleh. Metode Taguchi sering digunakan dalam menentukan kualitas optimal dalam proses manufaktur dengan respon tunggal. Namun, ketika terdapat lebih dari satu respon, para peneliti sering menggunakan metode Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). Penelitian ini diakukan terhadap respon umur pahat, kekasaran permukaan dan pengaruh arus listrik pada material jenis Magneisum AZ31B dengan menggunakan empat faktor dan mix level. Diameter pahat yang digunakan adalah 8 mm dan 10 mm. Kecepatan spindel diatur pada 890 rpm, 1270 rpm, 1700 rpm dan 2000 rpm, feeding menggunakan nilai 0,1 mm dan 0,3 mm, sedangkan point angle yang digunakan adalah 118°,dan 135°. Hasil optimal yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan diameter pahat 8 mm, kecepatan spindle 890 rpm, feeding 0,1 mm, dan point angle 118°.
Kata kunci: Pemesinan Bor, Metode Taguchi, Grey Relational Analysis, Umur Pahat, Keausan, Kekasaran Permukaan, Arus Listrik.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemantauan Tekanan dan Suhu Ban Berbasis Internet of Things dan Software Defined Radio
Authors: Briantoro Hendy , Budikarso Anang , Arifin  , Moegiharto Yoedy , Yanuar Hariyawan Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Terdapat banyak kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor di jalan, salah satu penyebabnya adalah ban kendaraan yang pecah. Kecelakaan tersebut terjadi disebabkan karena pengemudi terus mengendarai kendaraannya meskipun tekanan dan suhu ban melebihi ambang batas yang ditentukan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, maka perlu adanya sistem pemantauan tekanan dan suhu ban kendaraan yang dapat terus-menerus dipantau oleh pengemudi. Jika terjadi kesalahan pada perangkat pemantauan di dashboard kendaraan, pengemudi dapat diingatkan oleh pihak lain yang juga memantau informasi tekanan dan suhu ban secara jarak jauh. Dalam penelitian ini, kami membuat sistem pemantauan tekanan dan suhu ban kendaraan yang bisa diakses secara jarak  jauh menggunakan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT).  Selain itu, kami menggunakan teknologi Software Defined Radio (SDR) untuk pembacaan data tekanan dan suhu. Sistem ini berhasil memantau perubahan tekanan dan suhu ban secara jarak jauh melalui komputer dan smartphone. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, nilai standar deviasi terbaik untuk nilai tekanan ban adalah 3,54. Sedangkan nilai standar deviasi terbaik untuk nilai suhu ban adalah 1,72.
Penerapan Sensor PZEM-004T Untuk Monitoring Tegangan Fluktuasi 1 Fasa dengan Menggunakan Metode Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Authors: Tauladan Imam Suri , Hendri Novia Syamsir  , Arif Gunawan
Published: February 2025

Based on PLN standards regulated in Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 20 of 2020, changes in voltage on the network must be maintained within the voltage variation range of ±5% (Normal Voltage). Voltage is the change in voltage variations in a short time. Where the voltage change exceeds or below the standard voltage variation range, namely ±5% of the normal voltage. Based on IEEE Standard 1159-1995, the sag voltage is in the range of 10% -90% of the nominal voltage which lasts for 0.5 cycles. The voltage wave is in the range of 120% of the nominal voltage. Changes in voltage variations are caused by many factors such as large motor starting currents, uncontrolled load changes and short circuit current disturbances in the electric power system. The importance of maintaining voltage is a necessity because it is related to the reliability of an electric power system. For this reason, this research proposes "Application of the Fast Fourier Transform Method to Monitor Voltage Fluctuations" as a solution to power quality problems. To make it easier to process voltage (sinusoidal), the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method is needed. The FFT method algorithm is needed to convert the time domain into the frequency domain, so that it can simplify the monitoring system process. This research was implemented the FFT method for monitoring voltage fluctuations in no-load and load conditions. From the results, it can be concluded that inductive loads can affect voltage quality. This was proven when carrying out tests under load, from the results of the analysis there was a decrease in voltage (voltage SAG) of 10% (Vrms = 209.5 V; time duration 0.1436 s) and an increase in voltage (voltage swell) of 20.6% ( Vrms = 278.75 V; time duration 0.228 – 0.428 s).
Modification of Coconut Grating Machine using ball joint
Authors: Maa Mustaza , Agusto Dino , Wijianto Agus , Novison Roni
Published: February 2025

Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) adalah anggota tunggal dalam genus Cocos dari suku aren arenan atau Arecaceae. Kelapa merupakan tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk berbagai macam kebutuhan. Pada penelitian ini dirancang sebuah mesin pemarut kelapa semi otomatis dengan metode ball joint. Mesin pemarut kelapa ini menggunakan motor listrik ¼ HP dengan kecepatan putar 1400 Rpm sebagai sumber tenaga penggerak. Untuk ball joint sendiri dihubungkan menggunakan boosing terhadap poros. Saat proses pemarutan kelapa ball joint digerakkan agar proses pemarutan dapat terparut secara merata. Dengan menggunakan ball joint didapatkan peningkatan kapasitas pengkukuran sebesar 177%. Sedangkan daya yang digunakan lebih hemat sebesar 35% dibanding penelitian sebelumnya.
Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi Elektroda E7016 Terhadap Hasil Pengelasan Shield Metal Arc Welding Butt Joint Material Baja SS 400 Dengan Analisa Komparatif
Authors: Zaira Jupri Yanda , Bennafi El Hasani Oqbah , Ma’a Mustaza , Akhyan Amnur
Published: February 2025

Pengelasan (welding) adalah teknik penyambungan logam dengan cara mencairkan sebagian logam induk dan logam pengisi dengan atau tanpa logam penambah sehingga menghasilkan logam continue. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi elektroda dari tiga brands yaitu niko steel, atlantik, dan kobelco terhadap kekuatan tarik, bending dan impact. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengelasan SMAW sambungan butt joint single V posisi 1G/PA plat dengan menggunakan elektroda diameter 4.0 mm pada spesimen baja SS 400. Hasil pengelasan selanjutnya dilakukan proses inspeksi secara visual dan NDT penetrant test, dimana hasil inspeksi dipastikan sesuai dengan standard TWI acceptance level. Selanjutnya hasil benda kerja dipotong menggunakan bandsaw dengan ukuran specimen yang sesuai dengan standard ASTM E8 untuk uji tarik, ASTM E290 untuk uji bending, dan ASTM E23 untuk uji impact. Hasil penelitian yang didapat nilai uji tarik terbesar terjadi pada komposisi elektroda nikko steel memiliki rata-rata kekuatan tarik tertinggi sebesar 792,5 Mpa. Pada pengujian bending nilai kekuatan bending terbesar terjadi pada komposisi elektroda nikko steel dengan rata – rata sebesar 8,71 kN. Pada pengujian impact diperoleh nilai tertinggi rata-rata terdapat pada elektroda nikko steel dengan nilai sebesar 1,1 J/mm2.
Perancangan dan Implementasi Filter Pasif EMI pada Sistem Auto Light Dimmer
Authors: Harpawi Noptin , Lizani Hasmi Nashra , Wira Indani
Published: February 2025

Indoor farming memerlukan pengganti cahaya matahari dalam pertumbuhannya, karena itu dibuat sistem untuk mengontrol intensitas cahaya yang digunakan untuk indoor farming dengan menggunakan Sensor BH1750 yang memiliki tingkat keakurasian sebesar 94,6% dan AC Light Dimmer sebagai PWM Module. Penting untuk diingat bahwa AC Light Dimmer mengatur intensitas cahaya dengan cara memotong sebagian gelombang sinusoidal dari arus listrik AC, dan hal ini dapat menghasilkan efek samping seperti noise atau electromagnetic interference (EMI) pada jala-jala listrik. Pada pengujian noise conducted emission pada AC Light Dimmer didapatkan nilai noise tertinggi sebesar 80,33dBµV, nilai ini jauh dari nilai standar CISPR 22 Kelas B, sehingga dirancang sebuah filter pasif EMI dengan tipe Low Pass Filter (LPF) untuk mampu meredam noise conducted emission tersebut. Filter pasif EMI yang dirancang dan diujikan memiliki respon peredaman yang efektif walaupun ada pergeseran frekuensi cut-off sebesar 28,7KHz dari yang didapatkan pada perhitungan. Filter Pasif EMI yang dirancang mampu meredam noise conducted emission yang dihasilkan AC Light dimmer sebesar 80,33dBµV menjadi 26,46dBµV dan menghasilkan redaman yang sangat baik sebesar 53,87dB dan memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan (CISPR22 Kelas B).
Kata kunci: dimmer, intensitas cahaya, conducted emission, filter pasif EMI, electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Data profile: Korean Work, Sleep, and Health Study (KWSHS)
Authors: Cho Seong-Sik , Min Jeehee , Ko Heejoo , Kang Mo-Yeol
Published: February 2025

The Korean Work, Sleep, and Health Study (KWSHS) was launched in 2022 as a longitudinal panel study to examine the interactions between work conditions, sleep health, and labour market performance among the Korean workforce. Baseline data were collected from 5,517 participants aged 19 to 70, encompassing diverse occupations. Follow-up surveys occur biannually, accommodating seasonal variations in sleep and health dynamics. To ensure stability, refreshment samples were integrated in later waves, maintaining a cohort size of 5,783 participants in wave 5. Key data include socio-demographics, employment characteristics, sleep patterns, health outcomes, and workplace performance. Early findings highlight critical associations, such as the adverse effects of occupational physical activity on productivity, the impact of emotional labour on health-related productivity loss, and the significance of sleep disruptions on mental health. The cohort’s design enables detailed analyses of longitudinal and cross-sectional trends, offering insights into how changing work environments influence health and productivity. The KWSHS could serve as a vital resource for evidence-based interventions aimed at improving occupational health and productivity in Korea's evolving labour landscape. Data access is available through the study’s principal investigator upon request.
Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Herbal Paper Soap Containing Essential Oil of Ocimum Basilicum L.
Authors: Antony Mrs. Ancy , Mariya Varghese Ms. Able , Sanil Ms. Devika , Reji Ms. Litty , Ramesh Ms. Rahana
Published: February 2025

With the objective to offer a practical,
environmentally friendly, and efficient personal
hygiene solution, the herbal paper soap developed.
A blend of Ocimumbasilicum L. essential oil was
used to create a new herbal paper soap. Significant
antibacterial activity was shown by the soap against
a range of harmful bacteria, suggesting that it could
be a safe and efficient substitute for traditional
soap. This innovative herbal paper soap combines
skin care advantages, efficacy, and sustainability in
a special way. The current project's goal is to create
and assess antibacterial herbal paper soap that
works against a variety of harmful bacteria,
including strains that are Gram-positive and Gramnegative. The formulation of herbal paper soap was
the focus of this project. Among the components
used to make paper soap includeOcimumbasilicum
L. essential oil, glycerine, tragacanth,colorant,
distilled water, and sodium lauryl sulphate. Using
clevenger equipment, the essential oil was
extracted using hydro distillation. After making the
liquid soap, it was applied to the water-soluble
paper's surface and allowed to dry. The prepared
soap had good physical qualities, such as texture,
foam, and a pH higher than 8, and it also showed
strong antibacterial action against pathogenic
bacterias like E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa.
Among the two formulations F2 showed
comparatively better antibacterial activity and other
physical characteristics.
Antidiabetic Study of Ocimum sanctum Linn leaves: Heamatological study and Histological study
Authors: Kumari Puja , Sarika Sarika
Published: February 2025

The present study was aimed to
study the acute and subacute diabetic studies with
orally administered aqueous leaf extract of
Ocimum sanctum Linn (OSE). In an acute diabetic
test, four groups of mice (n = 6/group) were tested,
in which the first group was the normal group, the
second was injected with 70 mg/kg b.w. alloxan,
and the third and fourth groups were orally treated
with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.of O.
sanctum for 28 days, and a hematological study and
histopathological study were taken. Subacute
treatment with OSE, changes in their body weight
and hematological profiles. But in addition, a
change was observed in microscopic aspects of
liver organs in mice. The result showed that O.
sanctum Linn extract could help to relive and be
safe for human use.
The Ultimate Skin and Mind Revival: a Comparative Analysis of Glutathione, BOTOX, and Resorcinol’s Anti-Aging and AntiAnxiety Effects
Authors: M. Sudharshan M. Sudharshan , kumar Dr.S.K. Senthil , M. Anandhi M. Anandhi , M.Anbarasi M.Anbarasi , V.Nirkovan V.Nirkovan , R.Ranjini R.Ranjini , R.Sandhiya R.Sandhiya
Published: February 2025

This comparative study examines the effectiveness
of BOTOX, Glutathione, and Resorcinol in
addressing various dermatological conditions.
BOTOX was found to reduce anxiety and oxidative
stress in ageing mice, suggesting its potential in
treating anxiety-related disorders. Glutathione
demonstrated skin-lightening effects at doses as
low as 500mg/day, making it a viable option for
hyperpigmentation treatment. However, Resorcinol
emerged as the most versatile and effective
treatment, inhibiting tyrosinase, precipitating
cutaneous proteins, and exerting antibacterial and
anti-inflammatory effects. These findings suggest
Resorcinol as a valuable treatment option for
hyperpigmentation, acne, and inflammation,
warranting further research and dermatological
applications.
Review of In-Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Euphorbia Hirta
Authors: Dr.V.Suresh Dr.V.Suresh , Kumar Dr.S.K Senthil , M. Anitha M. Anitha , S. Arthi S. Arthi , A. Raja A. Raja , P. Ranjith P. Ranjith
Published: February 2025

Euphorbia hirta, a traditional medicinal plant, was
evaluated for its in vitro anti- inflammatory
activity. The methanolic extract of Euphorbia hirta
was assessed for its ability to inhibit
lipopolysaccharide- induced production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β,
and inflammatory mediators, such as COX-2 and
iNOS, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results
showed that the extract significantly inhibited the
production of these pro-inflammatory molecules in
a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 10.2
μg/mL and 20.5 μg/mL, respectively. The extract
also exhibited antioxidant activity, scavenging
DPPH radicals with an IC50 value of 15.6 μg/mL.
These findings suggest that Euphorbia hirta
possesses potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
properties, which may contribute to its traditional
use in treating inflammatory diseases.
The Journey of Industrial Revolutions and the Rise of Ai in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Authors: Al Amin Al Amin , Rodshi Abyaz Rodshi Abyaz , Simla Alom Simla Alom , Siam Sanzida Afrin , Refat Raihan Refat Raihan , Dr. Al Imran Dr. Al Imran , Abul Kalam Azad Abul Kalam Azad
Published: February 2025

Pharmaceutical industry is currently
in a paradigm transition that aims to combine
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Industry 4.0, and neural
networks. These innovations are dramatically
changing pharmaceutical manufacturing by fine
tuning drug delivery systems, improving precision,
lowering production costs and boosting product
quality. Machine learning and deep learning models
combined with other AI technologies are clearly
significant for automating complex processes,
predicting the release profiles of drugs, and enabling
adaptive control systems in continuous
manufacturing. The industry 4.0 technologies,
including the Internet of Things (IoT), cyber
physical systems and smart factories, has increased
these transformations through seamless data
connectivity and real-time monitoring. Artificial
neural network (ANN), one of the latest neural
networks, are becoming instrumental in solving
complex optimization problems, design of novel
drug delivery systems and formulation process
improvement. In this review, we discuss these key
technologies, their pharma applications, and how the
technologies can shape the future of continuous
manufacturing of drug substances in a sustainable
way. This paper provides a comprehensive overview
of the landscape of modern pharmaceutical
manufacturing through integration of case studies,
industry trends and insights into the development
and challenges of these technologies. As efforts on
precision medicine are gaining momentum and
accelerating, AI and Industry 4.0 will guide the way
to personalized drug therapies and a better global
health outcome for patients.
Finger Print Based Bank Locker Security System
Authors: Bansode Sakshi Babasaheb , Prof A. Mote Prof A. Mote
Published: February 2025

The main aim of this paper is to
design and implement a secure locker system that
provides reliable and user-friendly access to stored
valuables. The locker system is designed to be secure,
with multiple layers of authentication to prevent
unauthorized access. The system uses a combination
of keypad, fingerprint scanner, and mobile phone
verification to authenticate the user, with an LCD
display and LED indicators providing clear feedback
to the user.
To develop the system, we used an Arduino UNO
board and a variety of components including a GSM
SIM800L module, a solenoid lock, an LCD display,
LED indicators, a buzzer, and a keypad. The
fingerprint scanner used was the R307 fingerprint
scanner. we used the Arduino Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) to program the
system, with the code written in C.
The system was tested extensively to ensure that it is
reliable and secure. we tested the keypad, fingerprint
scanner, and mobile phone verification separately to
ensure that each component worked as expected.
They also tested the system as a whole to ensure that
it provided reliable and user-friendly access to the
locker.
system is a reliable and user-friendly solution for
storing valuables. The system provides multiple
layers of authentication to prevent unauthorized
access, and the components used are reliable and easy
to use. we recommend that the system be further
developed to include additional features such The
results of the research project show that the secure
locker as a camera for added security. Overall, the
secure locker system is a great example of how
technology can be used to provide secure and to
everyday problems.
Coformer-Based Cocrystals: A Novel Platform for Drug Delivery system- Comprehensive review
Authors: Dr.Y.S.Thorat Dr.Y.S.Thorat , Dr.B.D.Tiwari Dr.B.D.Tiwari , Mr.S.D.Paralkar Mr.S.D.Paralkar , Bhosale Mrs.Sakshi , Dhavare Mrs.Priyanka
Published: February 2025

The exploration of co-crystals as a novel drug
delivery strategy has gained significant attention
due to their potential to enhance the
physicochemical properties of active
pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This study
investigates the role of coformers in cocrystal
formation to improve drug solubility, stability, and
bioavailability, which are critical limitations in
conventional delivery methods. By carefully
selecting coformers with complementary functional
groups, we sought to enhance molecular
interactions within the co-crystals, leading to
optimized dissolution rates and absorption
profiles.Our research focuses on the cocrystallization of APIs with a series of novel and
pharmaceutically accepted coformers to assess their
impact on drug performance and bioavailability.
The co-crystals were characterized using X-ray
diffraction, thermal analysis, and spectroscopy to
confirm structural integrity and interaction between
the drug and coformer molecules. Results indicate
that the co-crystal formation markedly improved
drug solubility and stability in comparison to the
pure API, demonstrating the potential of coformers
in the formulation of effective drug delivery
systems.These findings underscore the viability of
co-crystals as a promising platform for enhancing
drug delivery, paving the way for more efficient
and targeted therapeutic applications.
Generalised Pustular Psoriasis in a 39years old female: A rare and challenging case
Authors: swaroopa Velisetti Kranthi , Poojitha Surla , mohiddin Shaik Safiya , A.B.S.D.Padma sri A.B.S.D.Padma sri , samba Bobby
Published: February 2025

Pustular psoriasis is a severe variant
of psoriasis marked by the presence of pus-filled
blisters on the skin, which differentiates it from the
more common form of psoriasis. These blisters can
be either widespread or localized and are often
painful.We present the case of a 39-year-old patient
with a 10-year history of psoriasis who developed
pustular psoriasis, presenting with red lesions on
the face, neck, trunk, abdomen, and legs for the last
six months. The patient had been on methotrexate
treatment, but symptoms worsened, leading to the
appearance of pustular lesions and
hypoalbuminemia. A skin biopsy confirmed the
diagnosis, prompting an adjustment in treatment by
discontinuing methotrexate and continuing
acitretin. The patient also developed scabies, which
was treated with ivermectin and permethrin. The
patient made significant progress throughout the
two-week hospital stay and was sent home with
continued care. This example highlights the
necessity of prompt diagnosis, individualized
treatment, and management of coexisting illnesses
in individuals with psoriasis.
Standard Manufacturing Procedure of Dadrughni Vati (Lepa) and Its Modified Dosage Form Dadrughna Malahara: Tradition to Innovation
Authors: Joshi Shruti B , Umretia Dr. Bharti , D. Kalsariya Prof. Dr. Bharat
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Herbo-mineral
formulations, require systematic pharmaceutical
procedures to ensure efficacy, safety, and
consistency. The increasing global demand for
high-quality Ayurvedic products necessitates the
development of Standard Manufacturing
Procedures (SMPs). This study aims to design and
establish an SMP for two Ayurvedic formulations,
Dadrughni Vati (Lepa) and Dadrughna Malahara,
ensuring reproducibility and quality across multiple
batches. Materials and Methods: The study
involved the procurement, identification, and
preparation. The preparation of Dadrughni Vati
(Lepa) involved mixing powdered ingredients and
levigating them with Jambiri Nimbu Svarasa,
followed by drying and cutting them into uniform
Vati. Dadrughna Malahara was prepared by
levigating powdered ingredients with Jambiri
Nimbu Svarasa, followed by incorporation to
Siktha Taila to achieve a semisolid consistency. All
stages of preparation were standardized for time,
temperature, and ingredient weights. Results: In
the preparation of Dadrughni Vati (Lepa), the
average final weight was 1046.8 g, showing an
average weight gain of 4.68% due to levigation
with Jambiri Nimbu Svarasa. The levigation took 8
hours, and the drying period was consistent across
all batches, requiring 6 days. For Dadrughna
Malahara, the final yield averaged 98.96%, with an
average weight increase of 4.2% to 6% during
levigation. Temperature control during preparation
was maintained, with the melting of Siktha Taila
occurring at 65°C, and the final Malahara achieved
a semisolid consistency at 30°C. The entire
Malahara preparation took 60 minutes per batch.
Discussion: The study successfully developed an
SMP for both formulations, ensuring consistency in
potency and quality across batches. The
formulation of Dadrughni Vati (Lepa) showed
minimal weight variation, while the preparation of
Dadrughna Malahara demonstrated effective
temperature control and consistency in achieving
the desired semisolid consistency. The use of
Jambiri Nimbu Svarasa as a levigating medium
contributed to uniformity in both formulations
Determination of the best Shelling Efficiency, Speed and Moisture Content for three varieties of Bambara Groundnut (Sb1-1 “Mumuye”, Ashemkungu or Shangedubu” and Soyabin) using the Bambara Groundnut Shelling Machine.
Authors: Asua Kogh Donatus , Simon V Irtwange , Joseph S Alakali , Sesugh Tar Solomon
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the optimal shelling
efficiency, speed, and moisture content for three
varieties of Bambara groundnut (Vigna
subterranea)—SB1-1 “Mumuye,” “Ashemkungu”
or “Shangedubu,” and “Soyabin”—using a
mechanical shelling machine. Given the crop's
nutritional value and adaptability to sub-Saharan
Africa's challenging agro-ecological conditions,
efficient post-harvest processing is crucial for
maximizing its economic potential. The research
systematically evaluates the impact of varying
moisture levels (8-10%, 12-14%, and 16-18%) and
machine speeds (250, 275, and 300 RPM) on
shelling performance. Results indicate that the best
shelling efficiency for the Ashemkungu variety was
achieved at 250 RPM with 5% moisture content,
while the Soyabin variety performed optimally at
275 RPM with 7% moisture content. The Mumuye
variety also showed high efficiency at 275 RPM
with 7% moisture content. The findings highlight
the critical role of moisture content in shelling
efficiency, with higher moisture levels leading to
increased seed damage. This study provides
valuable insights for optimizing mechanical
shelling practices, ultimately enhancing the
economic viability of Bambara groundnut
production and contributing to food security in the
region. Recommendations include tailored shelling
practices, effective moisture management, training
for farmers, further research on additional
variables, and policy support for mechanical
shelling technologies.
A New and Efficient Approach for Estimating Probabilities of Misclassification and Discrimination
Authors: J.A Nwankwo-obi , Okoli , C.N Okoli , C.N
Published: February 2025

This study proposed a new and efficient approach
for estimating probabilities of misclassification and
discrimination.The study explores the estimation of
apparent and optimum probabilities of
misclassification for three populations using reallife anthropometric data. It also compares the
effectiveness of Linear Discriminant Analysis
(LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis
(QDA) in classifying data from three distinct
populations, assessing their accuracy and
reliability. Real life anthropometric datasets were
utilized, and both stratified random and simple
random sampling techniques were employed,
comprising three populations of school students
with four variables.A computer programming
language codes were written via R-Studio package
to solve the numerical problems posed in the study.
The model misclassified around 4.86% of
observations for Linear Discriminant Analysis
(LDA) and approximately 3.71% for Quadratic
Discriminant Analysis (QDA). QDA showed
higher accuracy (98.76% vs. 98.38%) and lower
error rate (1.24% vs. 1.62%) compared to LDA.
Additionally, QDA demonstrated excellent
discriminatory power with a perfect AUC-ROC
score.The study shown that QDA outperformed
LDA in terms of accuracy and error rates,
demonstrating superior discriminatory power. This
study provided valuable insights for those working
with datasets involving multiple populations and
variables with potential applications in various
fields such as multivariate methods, data science,
machine learning, business, healthcare and finance.
Furthermore, the study offers a practical approach
to classifying observations into distinct populations
using LDA and QDA, achieving high accuracy
rates for real-life data scenarios. It establishes a
foundation for future research endeavours
andpresents a comprehensive framework for
comparing LDA and QDA performance in ESD
data, highlighting the effectiveness of QDA in
handling skewed data for multiple populations .The
research recommended further exploration into
developing a generalized model for estimating
probabilities of misclassification via ESD with
flexible distribution assumptions and robust
estimation methods.
A type of focused single-mode A0 Lamb wave EMAT for performance improvement
Authors: Peng Shunli , Fan Zubang , Wu Yunxin , Zhang Tao , Yang Xufei
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a Halbach array periodic permanent magnet (HPPM) electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) was proposed for generating stronger and purer A0 mode Lamb wave (A0 wave). Compared to conventional periodic permanent magnets (PPM), the HPPM generates a more intense and purer horizontal magnetic field, enhancing A0 wave amplitude by 28% and suppressing the S0 mode Lamb wave (S0 wave) by 32%. Additionally, a focused A0 wave EMAT (FHPPM-EMAT) with arc structure is proposed. The FHPPM-EMAT demonstrates excellent transduction efficiency and focusing capability. An orthogonal analysis was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting the transduction efficiency of the FHPPM-EMAT. With optimized parameters based on orthogonal analysis, the FHPPM-EMAT achieved a 93% increase in A0 wave amplitude compared to the HPPM-EMAT. Furthermore, the size of the focal area is characterized by a horizontal focal width (Hd) and a vertical focal width (Vd) of only 36.21 mm and 10.45 mm, respectively.