bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Flow Field Distribution on the Clogging of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Song Zhi Xin , Bai Shao Yuan , Xu Jian
Published: December 2012

this review summarizes an important factor of clogging in subsurface flow constructed wetlands ¬(SSF)—field distribution. The efficiency of filter media and the spatial distribution of biological growth are determined by the flow field distribution directly. If the flow field distribution is un-uniform, it would accelerate the clogging of substrate. The influencing factors for flow field distribution, including hydraulic loads, properties of filter media, filling structures and root distribution were investigated, and the clogging reasons were discussed additionally. At last, this study showed some corresponding research methods, and helping in the process of research and development of subsurface flow constructed wetlands in solving clogging problem.
Study on In Situ Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminated Farmland Soil
Authors: Wang Hong , Li Hai Bo
Published: December 2012

To improve phytoremediation efficiency of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in-situ experiment was conducted in the Shenfu wastewater irrigation district in northeast China. Several strengthen measures, including microbe agent, farmyard manure, N-fertilizer, fungi, were taken. The results showed strengthen measures increased of PAHs to alfalfa and ryegrass were 46.36% and 51.12%. The removal rate of 35.98% and 37.54% were achieved for the removal to 5-6 rings PAHs. In-situ experiment proved that strengthened phytoremediation didn’t cause the accumulation of PAHs in inside plant bodies, and it could be used in the farm soil contaminated with PAHs.
Modelling the Activated Sludge Flocculation Process Using Population Balance Model (PBM)
Authors: Li Zhen Liang
Published: December 2012

This paper describes the application of population balance models to activated sludge flocculation process. It presents the development and selection of appropriate expressions for aggregation and breakage kinetics within the population balance framework to describe the evolution of mean size and steady state distribution of flocs under shear conditions. A size and velocity gradient dependent collision efficiency is introduced into the aggregation expression. In the model, only 2 parameters need to be estimated: collision efficiency coefficient and the breakage frequency coefficient. They are obtained by the “best fit” with the experimental data, and keep unchanged under different shear condition for the same flocs. The modelling results indicate that the population balance models coupled with suitable aggregation and breakage kinetics is appropriate for describing activated sludge flocculation dynamics.
Simulation of Air Quality and Pollution Control Countermeasures of Chengdu Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Wang Wen Yong , Chen Nan , Ma Xiao Juan
Published: December 2012

The CMAQ model (Community Multiscale Air Quality model) was used to stimulate the atmospheric environmental quality of Chengdu urban agglomeration. The result shows that air pollutant concentration in some zones of the urban agglomeration is higher than the allowable limit of the national grade II standard. Fortunately, such zones only cover a small area. Zones where the average daily and annual PM10 concentration is higher than the allowable limit only account for 4% of the total area of Chengdu urban agglomeration. Less than 1% of the total area has the concentration of other pollutants higher than the limit. Zones with pollutant concentration higher than the limit are mainly distributed in Chengdu City, Mianyang City, and Meishan City. Pollutants emitted from the cities of Chengdu urban agglomeration shift on to and interact with each other. Therefore, the air pollutant concentration of one city is partially attributable to pollutants emitted from its own pollution sources and a part of or even most of it results from pollutants from other cities. For example, regarding PM10 in air of Deyang City, only 12% comes from its own pollution sources, and 55% comes from pollution sources of Chengdu, and the rest 29% comes from pollution sources of Mianyang. Regarding Sulfur dioxide in air of Chengdu, 59% comes from local pollution sources of Chengdu and 23% comes from pollution sources of Deyang. Other pollutants are also subject to such a rule. As in the urban agglomeration, there are zones where pollutant concentration is higher than the allowable limit, the existing pollution sources must be further controlled by setting reduction target according to the total capacity. The pollutant emission should be reduced by means of eliminating backward productivity, adjusting structure and layout of industries, and controlling pollution sources in depth to effectively improve the regional environmental air quality. At the same time, as pollutants emitted from the cities interact with each other, the 5 cities must sign a joint prevention and control agreement to collaborate in control of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, smoke and dust, and organic pollutants.
Research on Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption by Oil Shale and its Spent Char
Authors: Qin Hong , Yao Chuang , Liu Hong Peng , Wang Qing , Jia Chun Xia
Published: December 2012

Huadian oil shale and its spent char were selected to explore the adsorption properties of oil shale and oil shale char. A bench-scale adsorption system was established for capturing hydrogen sulfide in this test. What’s more, the nitrogen adsorption isotherms test was made in automatic and rapid specific surface-area-analyzer of American’s Gemini2380, which found the adsorption curve and desorption loop of the modified oil shale and oil shale char. Meanwhile, the experiment calculated and analyzed the specific surface area and pore size distribution of samples with BJH theory. The result shows that the adsorption capacity of oil shale char is greater than oil shale. The rougher the pore structure of the adsorbent samples the greater the pore volume, the larger the specific surface area, the better the adsorption effect of H2S.
Study on the Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Different Depth Groundwater by the Sulfate Isotope Method
Authors: Dou Yan , Hou Guang Cai
Published: December 2012

In general, the sulfate isotope was used of the researching for the horizontal inflow groundwater, and discussed the source of the source of groundwater. This paper discusses the different depth and different area groundwater, the results indicate that, at the same groundwater flowing system, the different area and different depth, the sulfate isotope characteristics of groundwater have lots of differences, these differences indicate that the two area groundwater have the different source and the different process of minerals dissolve, and the hydraulic power between the two area groundwater is very weak.
The Experimental Study of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Wastewater Treatment by Microwave-Fenton
Authors: Cui Hong Mei , Ke Ling Fei
Published: December 2012

Compared microwave-Fenton with Fenton in catalytic oxidation process of Chinese traditional medicine wastewater. The speed of chemical reactions could be improved for more than 10 times by microwave-assisted catalysis. Under microwave irradiation, most of the CODCr removal is concentrated in less than 30s. Radiation power of the microwave affect the removal rate of CODCr, and the best power is related with the water quality.
The Emission Performance Research and Analysis of Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Hybrid Fuel
Authors: Wu Gui Fu , Luan Ji Yi , Jia Yuan Hua , Jiang Dong Hua
Published: December 2012

Biodiesel can be made from the esterification with plant or animal fat.It has been being paid more and more attention for its characteristics of non-sulphur, non-arene,higher hexadecane and biodegradablity and renewablity Biodiesel is similar to No.0 diesel in characteristics,so it can be applied to engines directly without changing the structure.This article shows the emission performance of diesel mixed with biodiesel fuel which in different proportion,and its CO, HC and smoking exhaust have been decreased greatly,then NOx increase slightly,while the fuel-consumption ratio remains stable(when on full load condition,5%, 15% and25% of hybrid fuel compared with pure diesel fuel,HC emission decreases by 15%,33.3% and 83.3%,and carbon smoke emission decreases by 16.25%,51.8% and 63.6%).
A Research on the Activated Sludge Acclimation
Authors: Zhang Xiao Nan , Ding Shi Qiang , Xu Ji Run
Published: December 2012

By a circular operation of anaerobic mixing - aerobic aeration – sediment drain, a sludge with low activation obtained from a common sewage treatment plant is acclimated in laboratory. The acclimation is performed with simulated sewage and composed of three periods. In the every period, the sewage concentration is successively increased, the removal percentage of COD, NH4+-N and TP are measured, when the removal is stable, the period is transformed to next one. The outside and construction characteristics of the activated sludge are observed and the protozoon is examined. Meanwhile, some influence factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH are analyzed. The experiments show that the acclimated activated sludge is able to remove the COD, NH4+-N and TP effectively under a suitable but easy-to-be obtained conditions.
Study on the Polyaspartic Acid Derivative Synthesis and the Scale Inhibition Performance of Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Lu Gang , Huang Yue
Published: December 2012

Intermediate vector polysuccinimide (PSI) was prepared by polymerization of malefic acid and ammonia at 180°Cin this article. Hydrophilic polyaspartic acid (PASP) derivative was prepared from amino-sulfonic and PSI; Lipophilic PASP derivative was prepared from PSI and diisopropylamine. Their scale inhibition rates of calcium carbonate were evaluated by static scale experiments. The inhibition rate of calcium carbonate was 90.2% when n(amino-sulfonic): n(PSI) =1:14 and the dosage of pharmaceutical was 12mg / L. The inhibition rate of calcium carbonate was 87.6% when n(diisopropylamine):n(PSI)=1:8 and the dosage of pharmaceutical was 15mg /L. The calcium carbonate that collected from static state experiments was analysised by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that polyaspartic acid derivatives were synthesized which had the best overall performance when n (amino-sulfonic): n (PSI) = 1:14.
The Research Progress of Flocculants in Sewage Sludge Dewatering
Authors: Cheng Lei , Yu Yan Zhen , Zhou Yu Xing , Zhang Hua Dong , Li Miao Wan
Published: December 2012

The sludge should have conditioning to enhance the characteristic of dewatering belong to its bad dewatering performance. The means we always use is chemical conditioning which is adding flocculants to the sludge to cooperate the machine dewatering. The single use of inorganic flocculants will increase the weight of the filtered mud cake and the results are generally not good. The synthetic organic polymer flocculants usually have good results but also have harmful effects on environment. The natural modification polymer flocculants and microbial flocculants have small adverse impact on environment with good effect in sludge dewatering and their application will be more and more widely with the development to the depth.
Calculation Methods and Application of a Hydrodynamic-Based Marine Pollution Mixing Zone
Authors: Zhang Jing , Sun Xing Li
Published: December 2012

In water environment management, a mixing zone is an area within which the concentration of pollutants are allowed to be higher than the water quality standards and beside which the water quality should satisfy the standards. A reasonable range of a mixing zone is important for the water function and environment manage. At present, there is no agreed method for mixing zone calculation. In this paper, a new calculation method of a hydrodynamic-based marine pollution mixing zone was proposed; it comprehensively considered both the source intensity and the specific hydrodynamic conditions. The example results showed that the method could really reflect the mixed state after sewage entering into the sea water and could be used in a mixing zone calculation.
Research Progress on Producing Sludge Activated Carbon Doped with Ce
Authors: Yan Bo , Zhang Lin Huan , Jiang Wei , Jiang An Xi
Published: December 2012

This paper introduces the preparation and activation methods of sludge activated carbons, including physical activation,chemical activation,chemicophysical activation,catalytic activation,etc. Among these methods,catalytic activation has better application prospect as it owns many advantages.The applications of rare-earth element Ce in TiO2 photocatalysis modification and flue gas desulfurization are described. At the end of the paper , the current research situation and application prospect of sludge activated carbon doped with Ce are discussed.
Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen in Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) Filled with Smaller Ceramsite Particles
Authors: Zu Bo , Li Yong Zhen , Xu Jun , Liu Xiang Chao , Yang Qing Wei
Published: December 2012

The smaller ceramsite particles were selected to be filled in a biological aerated filter (BAF) to remove ammonia nitrogen from the synthetic wastewater which did not contained COD. The effect of the filter layer, the inner reflux ratio and the ceramsite particle on the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater was investigated in the present study. The results indicated that the steady removal rate of eighty-eight percent was excitingly detected after the 24 days of the biofilm formation, and both the low and middle filter layer showed the removal rate of the wastewater ammonia nitrogen higher than the top layer. In addition, in the present study, the best inner reflux ratio of the present smaller-ceramsite BAF could be steadily kept in case of the slight fluctuation of the ceramsite size and the organic concentration of the wastewater.
Characteristics and Treatment of Reed Pulping Medium Wastewater by Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Li Na , Yang Feng Lin , Niu Mei Hong , Ping Qing Wei , Zhang Jian , Shi Hai Qiang
Published: December 2012

In this study, the reed pulping medium wastewater was treated by the membrane bioreactor. The purpose of the study is to determine the operating conditions to the operation of internal membrane bioreactor for the treatment of reed pulping medium wastewater. The volume of the bioreactor is 15 litre in which develops an adapted biomass. The reed pulping medium wastewater was pumped from an influent trough into the bioreactor and a level sensor and a submerged pump were installed to adjust the water volume in the bioreactor. In the bioreactor the effluent separated from the activated sludge by the hollow fiber membrane module. The experimental have shown that the average rate of elimination of the COD is of 91.3%.The removal ratio of the Color reach 87.5%. The rate of elimination of the TSS is 90.2%.
Study on the Synergistic Effect of the Measures for Air Pollution Reduction
Authors: Gao Bao , Fu Ze Qiang , Shen Peng , Wu Na , Xie Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2012

It is a trend to reduce multiple pollutant emissions simultaneously by one kind of reduction policies or measures, as the pollution control and emission reduction are in a grim situation in China. And the synergistic effect research of the reduction measures is the basis which can help make the correct measures. The paper first shows the definition of the synergistic effect, then, elaborates the relationship between the reduction measures and the synergistic effect. Besides, the development and the evaluation methods of the reduction measures are also illustrated. Finally, some reasonable suggestions on research of the synergistic effect are given.
Orthogonal Experiments for Optimizing Adsorption Process of Methyl Orange onto Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Dong Wei Fang , Zang Li Hua , Feng Qi Lei
Published: December 2012

This study investigated the treatment of methyl orange dye from aqueous solution with granular activated carbon as sorbents. Adsorption experiments were carried out at different contact time, the dosage of granular activated carbon, pH and initial dye concentration.Orthogonal experiment was designed to analyze the influence degree of operating parameters for optimizing adsorption process. The results demonstrated that the dosage of granular activated carbon had the greatest impact on the removal efficiency of methyl orange , followed by pH, contact time and initial concentration of methyl orange . The granular activated carbon possessed good adsorption capacity to methyl orange which the removal efficiency could reached 98.06% at the optimum dosage 4g and optimum time 90min.
Experimental Study on Treatment of Hospital Waste Incineraten Fly Ash by Solidification Process with Cement
Authors: Wei Liang , Dai Yi Chun
Published: December 2012

It was found that cement can immobilize the heavy metals of hospital waste incineration fly ash. Based on this, a method of hospital waste fly ash management with cement solidification was proposed. In the nature hospital waste incineration fly ash, the leachate concentration of Zn (279.2 mg/L) and Pb (19.88 mg/L)) exceed the regulatory limit for the TCLP test. In the cement solidified fly ash, the leachate concentration of Zn was in excess of the standard limit while the leachate concentration of Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb were under the limit of the standard, and the leachate concentration of the heavy metals decreased with the increase of curing time (experimental curing time from 3 days to 28 days）and cement rate (cement rate was respectively 40%, 50% and 60% in the experiment).
Design of Photovoltaic Enterprise Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Authors: Zhao Yong Bin , Chen Hong Ping , Yang Tuo
Published: December 2012

The photovoltaic enterprise in Shanxi Province uses the process of biological contact oxidation-coagulation sedimentation to treat enterprise production wastewater and domestic wastewater. By commissioning and operating, the process is characterized by feasible process and easy management, low operational cost and stable treatment efficiency. The effluent water quality can meet the first grade of “Integrated Sewage Emission Standard” (GB 8978-1996).
Influence Factors of Remediation of Benzene in Groundwater by Air Sparging
Authors: Zhang Sheng Yu , Lv Chen , Meng Qing Ling , Sun Meng Yi , Xu Jian Song
Published: December 2012

Medium sand was selected as simulation medium. Benzene was chosen as the target pollutant. Soil column simulation experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of influencing factors such as aeration rate, medium permeability and air injection mode on benzene removal efficiency in groundwater. The results showed that the aeration rate and medium permeability affected AS remediation efficiency significantly. The benzene removal efficiency increased with the aeration rate. When the aeration rate exceeded 300 mL•min-1, the removal efficiency did not increase any more. The bigger the hydraulic conductivity was, the higher removal efficiency of benzene was. In the same operation condition, pulsed intermittent air injection had advantages over continuous air injection for benzene •remediation in the medium sand with low hydraulic conductivity.
Kinetic Analysis of COD Removal from Actual Domestic Wastewater in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) Reactor
Authors: Dong Chun Juan , Pan Qing Ye
Published: December 2012

Treatment of actual domestic wastewater at ambient temperature, even low temperature is considered to be difficult by traditional systems. The present study is related to treatment of actual domestic wastewater in an EGSB reactor. The study showed the effectiveness of biological treatment of actual domestic wastewater involving appropriate microorganism and granules in an EGSB reactor. At 26°C, the reactor was operated at 18.7kg COD.m−3.d−1 of average organic loading and 83% high COD removal efficiency, and even at the highest loading rate of 57.12kgCOD.m−3.d−1, the COD removal efficiency still could attain to 68%. Varied influent flow need to supply varied optimal and thus to ensure the optimal removal effect. Low temperature would cause pollutant removal rate decrease. However, enhancing could optimize the contact of sludge and wastewater and thus strengthen the performance effect. Modified Stover–Kincannon model was applied to data obtained from experimental studies in EGSB reactor. Treatment efficiencies of the reactor were investigated at different hydraulic retention times (0.5-1.3h) and different operation temperature (15°C, 26°C). The modified Stover–Kincannon model was best fitted to the EGSB reactor, and the substrate utilization rate( ), saturation constant value( ), and actual pollutant removal rate( ) were found to be , , and for 26°C, , , and for 15°C( before increasing ), and , , and for 15°C(after increasing ). Low temperature could cause decrease and thus cause distinct decreasing of COD removal efficiency. However, increasing could increase and accordingly increase COD removal efficiency.
Phenol Degradation by TiO2 Nanotubes Film Electrode Electrocatalytic Technology
Authors: Qian Shao Xiong , Gao Yanni , Lin Ge Ling , Ni Jie Cao , Wu Yang Ping , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2012

To explore the effect of the electrical degradation of phenolic compounds with TiO2 under different conditions. The effects of pH, electrode distance, cell voltage, concentration of electrolyte Na2SO4 and the initial concentration of phenol were studied for the removal efficiency of phenol. The experiment measured that reacted for 60 min under the conditions that the original solution phenol content is 10 mg/l, the voltage is 15 V, the electrode distance is 1 cm, the electrolyte Na2SO4 is 0.2 mol/l, the removal efficiency of the phenol reached 99%.
Start-up and Steady Operation of Shortcut Nitrification System to Treat Wastewater
Authors: Xu Li , Wu Xue , Niu Ming Fen , Li Si , Jiao Hong Jing , Wei Jian
Published: December 2012

The purpose of this paper is to obtain a start-up of short-cut nitrification systems to treat wastewater with high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus under laboratory conditions. By starting the nitrification system at room temperature we can achieve the effective accumulation of nitrifying bacteria. Then by increasing experimental temperature and pH, and increasing the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in influent, to inhibit the growth of NOB in the systems and promote the accumulation of AOB. So we can make the effluent have a higher concentration of NO2--N. In the stable operation stage we can constantly improve ammonia concentration in the influent, to observe the stability of the each indicators of effluent. This experiment showed that the wastewater with high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus can better promote the accumulation of AOB, to achieve the effect of short-range nitrification.
Experimental Study of the Effects of Fuel Quality and Pollution Control Devices on SOF and PAHs Emissions in PM for HD Diesel Engine
Authors: Li Wei , Lu Hong Yu , Guo Hong Song
Published: December 2012

The effects of fuel quality and pollution control devices on SOF and PAHs emissions in particle matter (PM) for China V heavy-duty (HD) diesel engine fueled with China III, China IV and China V diesel were studied by using soxhlet extraction technique and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. Two engines used were equipped with Diesel Oxidation Convert (DOC)+Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Select Catalytic Reduction (SCR) individually. It is found that the SOF mass fraction in PM rises remarkably and total PAHs concentration declines obviously with the improvement of diesel fuel from China III to China V. However, the 16 components of PAHs distribute similarly for three quality of diesel, the concentrationes of Flu、PA、Ant、FL、Pyr、BaA、CHR reduce obviously, especially Pyr decrease by 95.8%. Moreover, the pollution control device has important effects on SOF and PAHs emissions.
Performance of a Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration System (SWIS) Using a Novel Biosubstrate
Authors: Li Ying Hua , Li Hai Bo , Wang Xin , Sun Tie Heng
Published: December 2012

Subsurface wastewater infiltration treatment system (SWIS) is a domestic wastewater treatment technology. While the traditional technology has a large floor area, long starting period and low pollutants removal rate. A new biosubstrate that can be applied in SWIS is studied, experiments about its characteristics were performed, and treatment effect was compared. The results show that the biosubstrate has high biological activity, with it, SWIS has shorter starting period, better pollutants removal rate and consequently needs less floor space.
Pond Sediments Zn Content Distribution and its Pollution Assessment in Sixian County of Anhui Province
Authors: Xu Dong Sheng , Li Qi
Published: December 2012

After selecting 25 samples from pond sediments in Sixian County, northern Anhui Province, China, this article analyzed the Zn content in pond sediments with X-RF fluorescence spectrometer analysis and carried on the ecological risk evaluation. The results indicate that the concentrations of pond sediments range from 20 to 34 mg/kg with average= 26.7 mg/kg, The lead concentration from high to low is Wuwei, Xinji, Huangwei, Dazhuang, Yangzhuang, central zone. By pollution index evaluation methods and enrichment factors methods, the result of Zn content in pond sediments showed that the Zn content was slight pollution.
Study on the Treatment of Nitrogen Oxides by Compound Bio-Filter
Authors: Liu Zhi Fei , Pang De Hong
Published: December 2012

Activated carbon and wood chips were applied respectively as packing material of bio-trickling filter and bio-filter which composed the compound bio-filter and the effect of different operating parameters on NOx removal efficiency were studied. The results show that the best operating conditions of the compound bio-filter are: NO inlet concentration 604.5 mg/m3, spray volume 1.2 L/h, gas flow 0.6 m3/h(empty bed residence time 103.7 s).In such cases,NOx removal efficiency is over 96% and NOx removal load of the packing material is 29.66 g/(m3•h) . The remove of NOx is mainly completed by the packing layer of 0~50 cm height both in the bio-trickling filter and in the bio-filter, that is to say ,when the total packing layer height of the compound bio-filter is 100 cm, the purification effect is ideal and economical; The system can return to normal in about 7 hr when the dynamic load changes largely and suddenly, showing that it has strong anti shock load capacity.
Adsorption of Copper in Aqueous Solution by Modified Peanut Shell
Authors: Chen Yu , Gong Zheng Jun , Yang Shun Sheng , Sun Cai Yun
Published: December 2012

The adsorbent was prepared from peanut shell by using Zncl2as activating agent, copper in aqueous solution was used as the adsorbate, the influence of pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, contact time were investigated through dynamic tests. Then the kinetics of modified peanut shell was studied. The results showed that the modified peanut shell had maximum adsorption efficiencies when the pH was 6; the dosage was 0.2g; the temperature was 25°C and the contact time was 12h.By substituting experimental data into kinetics models, quasi-second-order kinetics model could better describe the kinetics of modified peanut shell adsorbing Cu2+.
Aerobic Degradation of Nitrobenzene by Immobilization of Streptomyces albidoflavus in Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Qi Yue , Zheng Chun Li , Yang Yong Huan
Published: December 2012

Streptomyces albidoflavus Z2 was immobilized in polyurethane foam and its ability to degrade nitrobenzene was investigated. Batch experiments showed that polyurethane-foam-immobilized cells (PFIC) possessed a higher degradation capacity. Compared to freely suspended cells (FSC), PFIC degraded nitrobenzene more efficiently under alkali and acid conditions, as well as higher temperature. Kinetic of nitrobenzene degradation by PFIC was well described by Andrews inhibition equation, which demonstrated that PFIC tolerated higher concentration of nitrobenzene than FSC and degraded nitrobenzene at a quicker speed. Moreover, in the presence of NaCl (≤7%, w/v), phenol (≤250 mg L-1) and aniline (100 mg L-1), respectively, PFIC exhibited better tolerance toward salinity and toxic chemicals than FSC. Therefore immobilization could be a promising method for treating nitrobenzene industrial wastewater.
Mechanism of Siltation on Check Dam in West of Henan Province
Authors: Wang Guo Zhong , Qu Jian Gang , Shuang Rui , Wang Ling , Zhang Sui Ye
Published: December 2012

To explore the deposition mechanism of check dam and provide the basis for layout of dam system, with tracing technology of caesium-137 and local rainfall data, the siltation time of each cyclic in the profile of south ditch check dam are confirmed based on the rule of heavy rain on large sand. Then regression analysis of sediment volume with the four indexes of erosive rainfall (R, I30, P and I) are made, the results show the first three indicators are main factors causing soil erosion. Furthermore, the model predicting sediment yield of the watershed is made by multiple regression analysis of sediment deposition with the three main factors. Finally, the neural network of RBF and BP are respectively applied regarding the three main indexes as input vectors to predict siltation and fit with actual value to testify what the model built is right.
Degradation of Humic Acid Using a CdS/TiO2 Nanotubes Electrode
Authors: Sun Mo Jie , Wang Yong Quan , Tu Qiang
Published: December 2012

Use NH4F as the electrolyte, prepared TiO2 nanotubes which orderly arranged by anodic oxidation. CdS was load to the TiO2-nanotubes by using chemical deposition method, then controlled size of CdS particles and uniformly load had been found when the EDTA-2NA was mixed in. The structure and morphology of TiO2 nanotubes and modified TiO2 nanotubes were observed by SEM. Use humic acid as simulate pollutant, investigate the efficiency of the CdS / TiO2nanotubes photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds .The results show that CdS modified TiO2nanotubes arrays after added EDTA-2NA, the degradation rate of humic acid increased from 57.1 % to 85.4 % after illumination.
Adsorption of Phthalates on the Inorganic Medium of Aquatic Environment
Authors: Liu Jun Jian , Chen Hong Yun , Liu Jing Tao , Zhang Yu Xi , Sun Ji Chao
Published: December 2012

Phthalates were of heath concern in groundwater and drink water. In order to understand how Phthalates were transported at different medium of the aquatic environment, adsorption experiments were conducted using quartz sand, kaolinite, and natural clay as inorganic adsorbents and sewage sludge as organic adsorbents for adsorbing Di-n-butyl phthalate and Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate. As a result, the inorganic particles displayed Langmuir adsorption characteristics. The maximum adsorption capacity is the most important parameter, varied much between the types of Phthalates than the adsorbents.
Selection of Oil Gas Recovery Projects in Oil Depot Based on Grey Matter Element Analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiao Gang , Zhou Yi , Zheng Jie , Gao De Peng , Zhao Lixin
Published: December 2012

With the rapid development of petroleum industry in China, it is an urgent to recover the oil gas generated in storage and transportation. In order to save the investment and to improve the recycling efficiency, this paper introduces Grey Matter Element Analysis (GMEA) to scientifically and rationally choose form the recovery projects. GMEA is the organic combination of Grey System Theory and Matter Element Theory, and it is applied to the selection of oil gas recovery projects. Though its application in the No.601 oil depot in Chongqing, China, it shows that it is rapid, simple and practical. Therefore, it can find further applications for optimization and decision-making in other relative fields.
Enzymatic Treatment Effects on Waste Activated Sludge from Pulp and Paper Industry
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Chao Jun , Chen Jia Chuan , Yang Gui Hua
Published: December 2012

Sludge dewatering is a key part of sludge disposal since it can greatly reduce the volume of sludge and thus improve the treatment effect for handling and disposing. This study investigated the potential beneﬁts of enzymatic pretreatment on activated sludge dewatering with four kinds of enzyme. Capillary suction time (CST) and the solid content after centrifugationwere used to evaluate sludge dewatering. A compression test of paper sludge obtained after treatment was carried out. Besides, some basic properties of activated sludge such as solid content, organic material content, ash content,MLSS,SV30,SVI.The results showed that enzyme additions did not enhanc the dewaterability of the biosolids samples ,but this positively affected ﬁlterability of the samples in the compression test. According to these results,enzyme product addition for biosolids samples seems a promising new method of enhancing the performance of mechanical dewatering units in the future.
Emissions and Control Technology of PM2.5 in Coal-Fired Power Plant
Authors: Li Fang Qin , Zhang Xiao Feng , Ren Jian Xing , Li Yan Chao , Cui Hao , Li Zhen
Published: December 2012

In China, the pollution problems of PM2.5 have become increasingly serious. In recent years, the haze phenomenon caused by PM2.5 in many cities was for a wide range of frequent outbreaks, resulting in the serious deterioration of air quality. PM2.5 is rich in a large number of toxic and hazardous substances and stays a long time in the atmosphere, which makes a great impact on human health and quality of atmospheric environment. Coal-fired power plant is an important source of PM2.5 emissions. In this paper, briefly describes the status of the PM2.5 emissions from coal-fired power plants and control technologies. Analyzes the pros and cons of various technologies, application status and future applications.
The Research of Microbial Remediation of Oil Pollution Wetland — Aim at the Oil Pollution of Daqing Oil Field the Wetland
Authors: Wang Ji Fu , Xu Lu , Xu Wei Ping , Liu Xing Tu
Published: December 2012

Oil is one of the important resources. But the pollution which is produced by oil-exploration in oil-output areas has been a problem of environment-protection. The pollution is serious in Daqing in China. It’s imminent to restore and protect the ecosystem of wet-land. We established testing sites in the wet-land in Daqing oil-land. We tested the two kinds of microbial agents Лейнол and Дестройл and compared the effects with different ways to find the best way of oil degradation. This also probes the integrated ecological restoration program which sees the microbial agents degradation as the main program. To put the mixture of these two kinds is the best way. This paper discusses some problems of the restoration program in testing sites in Daqing.
The Effects of Inlet Charge Component on the Formation of Soot in Diesel Engine
Authors: Zhao Yang , Wang Zhong , Li Ming Di , Li Rui Na
Published: December 2012

Air contains oxygen, nitrogen, etc. The gas separated technology and mixed method could increase or decrease the certain components of air. Changing the concentration of the component has a great influence on soot formation of diesel engine. The influences of excess air coefficient and the oxygen, nitrogen proportion of inlet air, the initial temperature and the initial pressure on PAHs (the soot precursor) formation of diesel engine were discussed in this paper. The results showed that the coupling model of diesel PAHs could predict the reaction temperature, the concentration of the reaction intermediates (CO, CO2 and O2), and the ignition delay during the combustion progress accurately. The concentration of the soot and its precursor PAHs could be decreased effectively by changing the proportion of the oxygen and nitrogen in the inlet air. After increasing the excess air coefficient, the numbers of the reaction intermediate free radicals (H and OH) were increased and the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons was decreased. The beginning angle of chemical reaction was advanced by increasing the initial temperature and pressure. And it is beneficial to decrease the concentration of PAHs.
Coagulation/Ultrafiltration Process for Treatment of Da Huofang Reservoir Water in Low Temperature and Low Turbidity Period
Authors: Fu Jin Xiang , Yang Yong , Gao Yun Nan , Ma Xing Guan , Teng Li Jun
Published: December 2012

The treatment efficiency of Da Huofang Reservoir water in low temperature and low turbidity period by Coagulation/Ultrafiltration process was investigated in pilot study, and the water quality treated by the process was compared with that by the traditional treatment process. When coagulant dosage is 30 mg/L, the average removal rates of turbidity, CODMn and UV254 were 89.2%, 47.3% and 52.8% respectively in the coagulation/ultrafiltration process, and the treatment efficiency was obviously superior to the traditional process. In the study of operation parameters optimization for Coagulation/Ultrafiltration process, the optimum membrane flux was determined that was 50 L/m2h. The cleaning membrane water was treated by coagulation sedimentation process, and the quality of effluent was good which was mixed with raw water for reuse, and the experiment indicated that this method did not affect the stable operation of Coagulation/Ultrafiltration process, eventually the water recycling rate was improved from 89% to 96.5%.
Experimental Study on the Removal of Flue Gas Mercury by Coal Fly Ash under UV Light Conditions
Authors: Fang Ji Hui , Li Xian , Zhou Jianping , Wu Jiang , Chen Jianhua , He Ping , Ren Jian Xing , Pan Wei Guo , Dai Xue Wei , Zhao Xiaojun , Han Yue
Published: December 2012

The mercury removal performance of the 150 mesh coal fly ash was evaluated through multiphase flow reactor designed by Shanghai University of Electric Power and different types of fly ash and absorption liquid were analyzed with HYDRA AA. The results showed that UV light almost had no oxidation capacity for gaseous mercury without fly ash, but the removal efficiency was significantly improved from 38.5% to 66.1% in the UV light by adding fly ash into the simulated flue gas. The fly ash after exposure to UV irradiation can improve the removal efficiency of Hg and the capture capacity of oxidized Hg had been greatly enhanced. Most of mercury adsorbed on the surface of fly ash in light conditions was Hg0 (g) and most Hg2+(g) stayed in the simulated flue gas and then was absorbed by absorption liquid.
Experimental Study on Using Settling Velocity to Determine the Dewater Performance of Gypsum Slurry in Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Dong Xue Feng , Shen Gui Fen , Li Dong Mei , Zhou Xiao Xiang , Wu Wen Long
Published: December 2012

Moisture was one of the most important performances of the gypsum, but now there did not have effective way to judge the dewater character of gypsum slurry in the operation of desulfurization. In this article, the method of using settling velocity to deduce the dewater performance was proposed and experiments had been done to verify the feasibility, it would provide beneficial reference for the operation of flue gas desulfurization.
Trial Study on EV Battery Recycling Standardization Development
Authors: Yu Hai Jun , Zhang Tong Zhu , Yuan Jie , Li Chang Dong , Li Jun Mao
Published: December 2012

Electric vehicle (EV) industry is developing rapidly all over the world, and as one of the most important components, EV battery will be needed widely in the future. The recycling of EV battery is important for the sustainable development of EV industry. This paper starts from the analysis of the development of EV industry and current EV battery recycling status. Combined with current battery recycling policies and standards status, based on the recycling technical standards of small lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries, this paper initially establishes EV battery recycling standard framework, including access requirements, collection and transportation, storage, disassembly, echelon reuse and material recycling, etc.
Theoretical Calculation and Analysis on the Gasification and Melting Process of MSW with Oxygen-Enriched Air
Authors: Zhao Jun , Wang Shu Zhong , Wu Zhi Qiang , Chen Lin
Published: December 2012

Gasification and melting process is an environmentally friendly technology in municipal solid wastes (MSW) disposal. But it requires that the waste has lower moisture content. The author hopes to find a route can be used for the treatment of high moisture content MSW through gasification and melting by theoretical calculation and analysis. In this paper, firstly calculate the influence of moisture content on MSW calorific value and exhaust smoke temperature. Then calculate the influence of oxygen concentration on exhaust smoke temperature. Finally appropriate process parameters of gasification melting for high moisture content MSW are given.
Effects of Sewage Sludge Compost Application on Abandoned Mine
Authors: Ma Xiong Wei , Ma Wei Fang , Wang Jun Jing , Han Dong Mei , Guo Hao
Published: December 2012

Composted sewage sludge can be applied to land to improve soil physical properties and supply nutrients. In this study we use the case of sewage sludge compost applied to the abandon mine located in the Taoyuan Village of Mentougou District of Beijing to supply and illustrate that a new way to improve the mine restoration soil which also could have serviceability to deal with the city sludge. Experimental results showed sewage sludge compost application produced positive effects on the nutrient contents of soil and increased with increasing fertilizing amount.Considering the heavy metals accumulation in mine soil and there availability for crops, the Zn and Hg should be played more attention on the sewage sludge compost application in abandoned mine.
Development Countermeasures of the Reverse Logistics Service Chain of Electronic Waste
Authors: Sun Hua Li , Chen Hao , Xue Yao Feng
Published: December 2012

With the increasing of electronic waste and the serious pollution to the environment, more and more attentions are paid to the reverse logistics of electronic waste. Problems in the development of the reverse logistics of electronic waste in China are presented. Development countermeasures of the reverse logistics service chain of electronic waste are proposed based on the theories of modern service science and reverse supply chain.
Experimental Study of Coagulation Treatment of the Arsenic-Containing Rural Drinking Groundwater
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Hua , Zuo Yan , Ren Zhi Min , Bian De Jun
Published: December 2012

The arsenic-containing rural drinking groundwater was treated by coagulation method in the paper. It was studied that the varieties and dosages of coagulants, pH value and sedimentation time have an effect on removal of arsenic. The experimental results indicated that the rate of arsenic removal is able to reach 95.6% at room temperature and under the condition of neutral pH values, 20 mg of Fe2(SO4)3 as coagulant and 1 h of sedimentation time. The content of arsenic in the treated drinking groundwater can be up to the current national hygiene standards of rural drinking water (<0.05mg /L).
Effect of Inoculation Exogenous Microorganisms on Ophiopogon activities
Authors: Li Qiong Fang , Ma Zheng Qing , Li Qi Yan , Song Hao
Published: December 2012

Two bacteria strains (Azotobacter strain N1, Bacillus strains B1) were isolated from the soil and purified. Then they were inoculated onto the root of Ophiopogon plant.After that the oxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase activities of the plant were determined as well as chlorophyll content. Through comparative analysis, the result showed that after inoculation of exogenous microorganisms both the two enzyme activities and the chlorophyll content of Ophiopogon increased significantly. And these changes are enhanced with the addition of the microbial biomass. Meanwhile the mixed cultures of two bacteria strains showed a greater impact in the increase of two enzyme activities and the chlorophyll content than each single strain culture. In conclusion the inoculation of exogenous microorganisms can improve the physiological metabolism of Ophiopogon and its enzyme activity.
Supercritical Water Oxidation of Lurgi Coal Gasification Wastewater and Evaluation of the Combined Process with Gasification
Authors: Wang Yu Zhen , Wang Shu Zhong , Guo Yang , Xu Dong Hai , Gong Yan Meng , Yu Guang Xin , Yu Hang
Published: December 2012

Degradation of Lurgi coal gasification wastewater in supercritical water was investigated in a batch reactor, and a combined process of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and gasification was put forward to utilize the material and energy in SCWO effluent. The technical feasibility and economy were evaluated. In the SCWO process, when operated at condition of 500 °C, 25 MPa, oxygen ratio of 3.5 and residence time of 15 min, the concentrations of COD, NH3-N and volatile phenol in effluent reduced to 27, 11 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively, where the removal efficiencies were 99.81%, 99.85% and 99.99%, accordingly. The effluent could reach national discharge standard I (GB 8978-1996), and can be used as the gasification agents of gasifier via a pressure reducer. For a single Lurgi gasifier, the combied process could save 23 t/h of steam and 1550 kg/h of O2, which is equal to 4996 yuan/h.
The Flocculation Properties of Magnesium Lignosulfonate in Red Liquid
Authors: Yang Lei , Yang Rui Feng , Lu Jie , Liu Yan Jun
Published: December 2012

In alkaline conditions, magnesium salt of red liquor will produce precipitation phenomenon and generate colloidal substances. The sediment was mainly lignin sulfonate. In order to extract and separate the lignin sulfonate of red liquid, when the pH of red liquid adjusted to different pH with different alkaline solution, study on its relation to pH and the amount of alkali and precipitation, discuss the relationship to the content of precipitation lignin in red liquid, the viscosity of upper liquid after centrifugation and temperature as well. Adjusting the pH values of red liquid to 13 with NaOH, adjusting it to 12 with KOH, then adjusting its pH to 13 and adding 20 mL Ca(NO3)2. We got that the last kind of condition generate the biggest quantity of precipitation. The changes of temperature and the amount of calcium nitrate can also affect the formation of precipitation, under the optimal conditions of pH, each group of experiments got the largest amount of precipitation at 40 °C; The amount of precipitation increased following the increasing of calcium nitrate content; Ash content increased following the increasing of precipitation content.
Experimental Study on Separating Aviation Kerosene from Oily Wastewater by Using Microwave Radiation
Authors: Jiang Guo Ye , Hu Yan Jiao , Chen Shi Yi , Xu Juan Juan
Published: December 2012

According to the characteristics of oily wastewater, microwave technology was introduced to separate aviation kerosene from oily water. The uniform design with mixed level including main influence factors was applied to design the experimental scheme. The influence factors such as oil content, radiation power, radiation time length and standing time after radiation were considered. The influence of these factors on separation of oil from oily water was investigated through experiments, and deoiling amount formula was regressed. The results show that these four factors are positive to the separation of oily wastewater, of which oil content is the most important to the separation, the product of radiation power and radiation time is the second, and standing time is the third. Treatment of oily wastewater using microwave benefits to the efficiency of discharging sewage and the recovery of oil product to meet the relative standards.