bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porcine liver decomposition product-derived lysophospholipids promote microglial activation in vitro
Authors: Tsukahara Tamotsu , Haniu Hisao , Uemura Takeshi , Matsuda Yoshikazu
Published: February 2020

Cognitive impairments such as dementia are common in later life, and have been suggested to occur via a range of mechanisms, including oxidative stress, age-related changes to cellular metabolism, and a loss of phospholipids (PLs) from neuronal membranes. PLs are a class of amphipathic lipids that form plasma membrane lipid bilayers, and that occur at high concentrations in neuronal membranes. Our previous study suggested that a porcine liver decomposition product (PLDP) produced via protease treatment may improve cognitive function at older ages, by acting as a rich source of PLs and lysophospholipids (LPLs); however, its specific composition remains unclear. Thus, the present study used a novel liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) protocol to identify the major PLs and LPLs in PLDP. Furthermore, it assessed the effect of identified LPLs on microglial activation in vitro, including cell shape, proliferation, and cell morphology. The results of the conducted analyses showed that PLDP and PLDP-derived LPLs concentration-dependently modulate microglial activation in vitro. In particular, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentration-dependently promotes cell morphology, likely via effects mediated by the enzyme autotaxin (ATX), since inhibiting ATX also promoted cell morphology, while conversely, increasing ATX production (via treatment with high levels of LPC) abolished this effect. These findings suggest that LPC is likely neuroprotective, and thus, support the importance of further research to assess its use as a therapeutic target to treat age-related cognitive impairments, including dementia.
Ursodeoxycholic acid enriches intestinal bile salt hydrolase-expressing Bacteroidetes in cholestatic pregnancy
Authors: Ovadia Caroline , Perdones-Montero Alvaro , Fan Hei Man , Mullish Benjamin H. , McDonald Julie A. K. , Papacleovoulou Georgia , Wahlström Annika , Ståhlman Marcus , Tsakmaki Anastasia , Clarke Louise C. D. , Sklavounos Alexandros , Dixon Peter H. , Bewick Gavin A. , Walters Julian R. F. , Marschall Hanns-Ulrich , Marchesi Julian R. , Williamson Catherine
Published: March 2020

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment can reduce itch and lower endogenous serum bile acids in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). We sought to determine how it could influence the gut environment in ICP to alter enterohepatic signalling. The gut microbiota and bile acid content were determined in faeces from 35 pregnant women (14 with uncomplicated pregnancies and 21 with ICP, 17 receiving UDCA). Faecal bile salt hydrolase activity was measured using a precipitation assay. Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) concentrations were measured following a standardised diet for 21 hours. Women with a high ratio ofBacteroidetestoFirmicuteswere more likely to be treated with UDCA (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.0178) than those with a lower ratio. Bile salt hydrolase activity was reduced in women with lowBacteroidetes:Firmicutes. Women taking UDCA had higher faecal lithocholic acid (p < 0.0001), with more unconjugated bile acids than women with untreated ICP or uncomplicated pregnancy. UDCA-treatment increased serum FGF19, and reduced C4 (reflecting lower bile acid synthesis). During ICP, UDCA treatment can be associated with enrichment of the gut microbiota withBacteroidetes. These demonstrate high bile salt hydrolase activity, which deconjugates bile acids enabling secondary modification to FXR agonists, enhancing enterohepatic feedback via FGF19.
Author Correction: Temperature, Crystalline Phase and Influence of Substrate Properties in Intense Pulsed Light Sintering of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticle Thin Films
Authors: Dexter Michael , Gao Zhongwei , Bansal Shalu , Chang Chih-Hung , Malhotra Rajiv
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Global vulnerability of marine mammals to global warming
Authors: Albouy Camille , Delattre Valentine , Donati Giulia , Frölicher Thomas L. , Albouy-Boyer Severine , Rufino Marta , Pellissier Loïc , Mouillot David , Leprieur Fabien
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Potassium channels act as chemosensors for solute transporters
Authors: Manville Rίan W. , Abbott Geoffrey W.
Published: February 2020

Potassium channels form physical complexes with solute transporters in vivo, yet little is known about their range of possible signaling modalities and the underlying mechanisms. The KCNQ2/3 potassium channel, which generates neuronal M-current, is voltage-gated and its activity is also stimulated by binding of various small molecules. KCNQ2/3 forms reciprocally regulating complexes with sodium-coupled myo-inositol transporters (SMITs) in mammalian neurons. Here, we report that the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and other small molecules directly regulate myo-inositol transport in rat dorsal root ganglia, and by human SMIT1-KCNQ2/3 complexes in vitro, by inducing a distinct KCNQ2/3 pore conformation. Reciprocally, SMIT1 tunes KCNQ2/3 sensing of GABA and related metabolites. Ion permeation and mutagenesis studies suggest that SMIT1 and GABA similarly alter KCNQ2/3 pore conformation but via different KCNQ subunits and molecular mechanisms. KCNQ channels therefore act as chemosensors to enable co-assembled myo-inositol transporters to respond to diverse stimuli including neurotransmitters, metabolites and drugs.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Polymorphism of levofloxacin: structure, properties and phase transformation”’ by Tejender S. Thakur, CrystEngComm, 2020, 22, DOI: 10.1039/C9CE01400D
Authors: Wei Ning , Zhang Mingtao , Chen Jingtao , Gong Junbo , Wu Songgu , Wang Jingkang , Tang Weiwei
Published: February 2020

Minor structural differences in molecular conformation were found where the levofloxacin molecule takes a less stable conformer in energy rather than the stable conformer as previously expected.
Lighting up single-nucleotide variation in situ in single cells and tissues
Authors: Zhang Kaixiang , Deng Ruijie , Gao Hua , Teng Xucong , Li Jinghong
Published: February 2020

In situ single-nucleotide variation (SNV) imaging technologies are summarized for depicting detailed pictures of SNVs in single cells or tissues.
Multifunctional coatings of exfoliated and reassembled graphite on cellulosic substrates
Authors: Santos Leandra Pereira , Soares da Silva Douglas , Ferreira Bertacchi João Paulo , Moreira Kelly Schneider , Lima Burgo Thiago Augusto , Batista Bruno Carreira , Santos Jeferson dos , Alvarenga de Paula Patrick , Galembeck Fernando
Published: February 2020

This paper describes different applications of exfoliated and reassembled graphite (ERG) that may contribute to increasing the strategic and economic impact of 2D materials.
Numerical simulations of vorticity banding of emulsions in shear flows
Authors: De Vita Francesco , Rosti Marco Edoardo , Caserta Sergio , Brandt Luca
Published: February 2020

Emulsion under shear flow can exhibit banded structures at low viscosity ratio. When coalescence is favoured, it can stabilize bands generated by migration of droplets. The reduction of the total surface results in a lower effective viscosity state.
Cross-β amyloid nanotubes for hydrolase–peroxidase cascade reactions
Authors: Chatterjee Ayan , Afrose Syed Pavel , Ahmed Sahnawaz , Venugopal Akhil , Das Dibyendu
Published: February 2020

Herein, we report the catalytic potential of short peptide based cross-β amyloid nanotubes with surface exposed histidine capable of binding hemin and showing facile cascade reactions, playing the dual roles of hydrolases and peroxidases, two of the most important classes of enzymes in extant biology.
Conversion of furfural to tetrahydrofuran-derived secondary amines under mild conditions
Authors: Jiang Shi , Muller Eric , Jerôme François , Pera-Titus Marc , De Oliveira Vigier Karine
Published: February 2020

Catalytic conversion of furfural to secondary tetrafurfurylamine under mild conditions of temperature and hydrogen pressure.
Correction: A benzobis(thiadiazole)-based small molecule as a solution-processing electron extraction material in planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhu Liping , Song Changjian , Li Xiaodong , Wang Ying-Chiao , Zhang Wenxiao , Sun Xiaohua , Zhang Wenjun , Fang Junfeng
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘A benzobis(thiadiazole)-based small molecule as a solution-processing electron extraction material in planar perovskite solar cells’ by Liping Zhu et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2017, 5, 10777–10784.
Interaction of α-synuclein and Parkin in iron toxicity on SH-SY5Y cells: implications in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ganguly Upasana , Banerjee Anindita , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra , Kaur Upinder , Sen Oishimaya , Cappai Roberto , Chakrabarti Sasanka
Published: February 2020

The toxicity of accumulated α-synuclein plays a key role in the neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study has demonstrated that iron in varying concentrations (up to 400 µM) causes an increase in α-synuclein content in SH-SY5Y cells associated with mitochondrial depolarization, decreased cellular ATP content and loss of cell viability during incubation up to 96 h. Knocking-down α-synuclein expression prevents cytotoxic actions of iron, which can also be prevented by cyclosporine A (a blocker of mitochondrial permeability transition pore). These results indicate that iron cytotoxicity is mediated by α-synuclein acting on mitochondria. Likewise siRNA mediated knock-down of Parkin causes an accumulation of α-synuclein accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death during 48 h incubation under basal conditions, but these changes are not further aggravated by co-incubation with iron (400 µM). We have also analyzed mitochondrial dysfunction and cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells under double knock-down (α-synuclein and Parkin concurrently) conditions during incubation for 48 h with or without iron. Our results tend to suggest that iron inactivates Parkin in SH-SY5Y cells and thereby inhibits the proteasomal degradation of α-synuclein, and the accumulated α-synuclein causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. These results have implications in the pathogenesis of sporadic PD and also familial type with Parkin mutations.
Effect of phoneme variations on blind reverberation time estimation
Authors: Andrijašević Andrea
Published: February 2020

This study focuses on an unexplored aspect of the performance of algorithms for blind reverberation time (T) estimation – on the effect that speech signal’s phonetic content has on the value of the estimate ofTthat is obtained from the reverberant version of that signal. To this end, the performance of three algorithms is assessed on a set of logatome recordings artificially reverberated with room impulse responses from four rooms, with theirT20value in the [0.18, 0.55] s interval. Analyses of variance showed that the null hypotheses of equal means of estimation errors can be rejected at the significance level of 0.05 for the interaction terms between the factors “vowel”, “consonant”, and “room”, while the results of Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure revealed that there are both some similarities in the behaviour of the algorithms and some differences, where the latter are stemming from the differences in the details of algorithms’ implementation such as the number of frequency bands and whetherTis estimated continuously or only on the selected, the so-called speech decay, segments of the signal.
An approach to automation of a rational choice of adaptive agricultural technologies
Authors: Gostev Andrey , Pykhtin Alexey , Tarasov Sergey
Published: February 2020

The research was conducted at the premises of the agricultural systems laboratory on the basis of research findings and analysis and generalization of modern scientific literature on a rational choice of adaptive technologies for cultivation of 10 crops (wheat, barley, rye, peas, millet, etc.) for different conditions in Russia. The most effective conditions for technologies application facilitating the efficient use of available resources were determined. Criteria, standards and requirements for the efficiency of the most important technological techniques of modern agricultural technologies were posed, as well as approaches to automation and an algorithm for their rational choice. The scheme and structure of the database of the agricultural producer support system for a rational choice of highly profitable adaptive technologies for leading grain crops cultivation were developed. The structure of the database of the decision support system is represented in three units: initial information, regulatory and reference information and calculation algorithms. The implementation of the developments into the production process opens up opportunities for the most efficient use of the existing soil and climate potential of the territories and material and technical resources in order to ensure highly profitable sustainable crops yields.
Small business as a factor in sustainable rural development
Authors: Frolova S.V. , Litvinova I.V. , Salomatina M.N. , Bryazgunova N.S.
Published: February 2020

Sustainable development of rural areas is a multifaceted and complex concept. One of the factors affecting the prosperity of the regions is the presence of small and medium-sized businesses. Improving government programs to support small and medium-sized businesses is a priority of state policy. The theoretical methodological and practical foundations of the strategic development of small and medium businesses were investigated. We have identified the main factors affecting the development of small business in Russia, such as low population density, low pre-emptive activity of the population, low support from the regional authorities. Creating an entrepreneurial environment is a priority to stimulate the development of small and medium-sized businesses.
Study of spatial hinge mechanisms and their use in agricultural machines
Authors: Mudrov Alexander P. , Mudrov Alexander G. , Yakhin Sergey M. , Mingaleev Nail Z. , Pikmullin Gennady V.
Published: February 2020

The article studies spatial mechanisms with rotational kinematic pairs (hinges) whose geometric axes are crossed at different angles and dependent on the shortest distances between these axes which are the theoretical lengths of the links. There is little information about their use in agricultural machines. There is no open information about the technology used for manufacturing models and field samples. The study describes applications of these mechanisms in agricultural machinery.
Lactive activities and the process of milking of first-calf cows using robotic milking
Authors: Zagidullin Lenar R. , Khisamov Rifat R. , Kayumov Rubin R. , Lomakin Igor V. , Kanalina Nadezhda M.
Published: February 2020

Studies have been conducted to assess the lactation productivity of first-calf cows of Kholmogory breed of Tatarstan type using robotic milking systems. The following changes in the amount of milking over the course of 10 months of lactation were observed: during the first month, the cows were milked the least number of times, which was 75, or 2.4 times per day. During the second month, they were milked 86 times (2.8 per day). By the 4th month, milking reached a peak of 93 times (3 per day). By the 5th month, a decline was observed (by 11 % compared to the 4th month). The average number of milking times per day was 2.8 ± 0.05 times. The amount of milking is closely correlated with milk productivity: twicemilked cows had an average productivity of 15.3 kg, 3 times – 19.0 kg, and 4 times – 27.0 kg (r = 0.69). The milking robot spent approximately 108 seconds, or 29 % of the time spent in the milking box, on preparation activities, including: udder cleaning, 39 seconds; scanning the position of the utter, 21 seconds; and connecting milking cups, 48 seconds. Lactation took most of the time, namely 251 seconds, or 66 %. The peak milk production takes place during the second month of lactation, 681.3 kg. By the third month, a decline was observed by 4.8 %, to 648.1 kg. The maximum decrease in milk production by 12.4 % occurred between the 5th and 6th month of the tested lactation period.
Studies of organic acids in millet grain and products of its processing by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Zipaev Dmitry V. , Makushin Andrey N. , Kuraeva Julia G.
Published: February 2020

Studying the properties of raw materials during various treatments allows expanding the possibilities of its use in related industries of the food industry due to changes in its chemical composition. This work is devoted to the analysis of the use of the method of capillary electrophoresis to study organic acids in a heat-prone grain of millet and millet malt.
Comparative yield of leguminous crops using different cultivation methods
Authors: Vasin Alexey V. , Rakitina Veronika V. , Kozhevnikova Oksana P. , Karlov Eugene V.
Published: February 2020

Methods of increasing the yield of leguminous crops through the use of fertilizers and growth stimulants “Mival Agro”, “Megamix”, “Albite”, “Avibif” and the bacterial preparation “Risotorfine” at different seed rates are described. The results of two experiments with an assessment of the yield of chickpea and pea are presented. The use of fertilizers and growth stimulants increases the crop yield by 2.53 t/ha for chickpeas and by 1.36 t/ha for peas.
Mathematical modelling of traction resistance of the improved opener of grain seeder
Authors: Gumarov Gali S. , Konovalov Vladimir V. , Sarsenov Amangeldy E. , Kubasheva Zhanna K. , Rakhimov Abelshaek A.
Published: February 2020

The object of the study is a double disc coulter with a pressure plate. The aim of the research was to simulate the operation of the double disc coulter using a grain seed drill as an example. Analytical dependencies for determining the traction resistance of the improved coulter are presented. The method of calculating the drag resistance of a double disc coulter with an original pressure plate installed on it is given. The components of the traction resistance balance have been determined and the dependence on the sowing depth has been established. 3D graphical dependences of the traction resistance of serial and advanced coulters on the speed and depth of its movement have been constructed based on the results of calculations. The main influence is the placement depth. Speed of movement of the seeder in the considered interval of its values does not render essential influence on traction resistance. Installation of an additional pressure plate increases traction resistance to 5 %.
Use of by-products of millet, amaranth and sorghum grains in bakery production
Authors: Volkova A.V. , Kazarina A. V. , Antimonova O. N. , Nikonorova Yu. Yu. , Atakova E. A.
Published: February 2020

The use of additional gluten-free grain raw materials in the form of flour or secondary raw materials of cereal industry in the recipes of bakery products allows regulating the biotechnological processes of dough maturing and proofing, obtaining a finished product with new functional properties and high nutritional value. The purpose of the research is to justify experimentally the use of processed products of amaranth grain and sorghum for the production of bread of high quality and functionality. The methodological basis of the study is presented by a systematic analysis of the technology for the production of bakery products enriched with promising phyto-fortifiers. In accordance with the chosen methodology, the chemical composition is analyzed and the positive effect of the use of flour from millet grain, sorghum and amaranth seeds in the mixture with premium wheat flour on the quality of bread is experimentally justified. It was found that the introduction of these types of additional raw materials had a positive effect on the activation of baking yeast and the maturation of dough. In the production of bread from wheat flour of the highest grade, it is optimal to use these phyto-fortifiers in the amount of 3% by weight of the composite mixture.
Morphological features of coilocytary atypism of squamous papillomas of dogs
Authors: Kudacheva Natalia
Published: February 2020

Coilocytic atypism of tumors of epithelial origin is considered as a marker of HPV infection, regardless of the type of neoplasm, which is a clinical manifestation of papillomatosis. Many neoplasms in dogs are diagnosed depending on the identification of specific cellular and tissue atypism, which underlies the histological diagnosis. According to the recent studies, the following types of neoplasm can be distinguished depending on the taxonomic affiliation of HPV: papillomas of various localization, cancerous epidermodysplasia verruciformis, pigment affects (including plaque), inverted and squamous papillomas, squamous cell carcinomas. Histological studies are an affordable diagnostic method that allows studying the morphological features of coylocytary atypism of squamous papillomas of dogs. Squamous cell papillomas in dogs have a number of morphological and cytological features, due to the predominance of the keratinization process. In this case, the process of differentiation of epithelial cells is consistent and all layers typical of the skin of dogs are distinguished. The corneal layer prevails over all the described layers, the activity of the cells of the basal layer is noted. Coilocytes are localized in a spinous and granular layer, but depending on their location, they have distinctive morphological and quantitative characteristics. Despite the polymorphism of the manifestation of coylocytary atypism in animals within the limits of specific affects, as well as depending on the type of neoplasm, there are no common morphological criteria for evaluating coylocytosis depending on oncogenesis. It was noted that the morphological and quantitative characteristics of coilocytes depend on their location, while they have a morphology described by many researchers, including in various animal species.
Research of dynamics of turning of machine-tractor aggregate with tractor on wheeled-crawler mover
Authors: Fashutdinov Marat , Khafizov Kamil , Galiev Ilgiz , Gabdrafikov Fanil , Khaliullin Farit
Published: February 2020

In the article theoretical preconditions of a description of dynamics of manoeuvrability of machine-tractor, aggregates with a wheeled-tracked mover are considered. For a machine-tractor aggregate with half-tracked progress theoretical formulas of determination of an actual turning radius, the moment of resistance of turn and torque for rotation are obtained. The theoretical preconditions are confirmed by experimental research of the manoeuvrability of the machine-tractor aggregate with the tractor on a halftracked progress, made as the experimental sample. The dependences of the turn coefficient and the resistance coefficient of the turn are obtained, and the correlation coefficients and their significance have confirmed the existence of a stable connection between the changing parameter and the response function. Proceeding from theoretical and experimental research, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the manoeuvrability of the tractor with a wheeled-crawler mover does not concede to the tractor in the basic execution.
Fertilizers and biological products used for cultivation of perennial grasses on gray forest soils of the Middle Volga region
Authors: Safiollin Faik N. , Suleymanov Salavat R. , Sochneva Svetlana V. , Trofimov Nikolai V. , Malganova Irina G.
Published: February 2020

In recent years, fertilizers and biological products are widely used for cultivating perennial grasses to form highly productive agrocenoses and reduce the cost of feed. The issues of the use of biologically active substances for pre-sowing seeds of perennial herbs in combination with leaf fertilizing are of great practical importance. In the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region, the pre-sowing seed treatment with Azotovite 2 kg/t in combination with leaf treatment with Flavobacterine 4 l/ha depending provided an additional yield of 2.5–4.8 t/ha of green mass with a content of 440–960 feed units. The effect of the above biological products is equivalent to the application of 70–88 kg/ha of mineral fertilizers and cost savings in the amount of 1.5–1.9 thousand rubles/ha.
Assessment criteria of competence formation of organizers in the educational process of the agrarian university in the field of using information and communication technology
Authors: Gazizov E.R. , Gazizov A.R. , Kiseleva N.G. , Zinnatullina A.N.
Published: February 2020

The article defines the evaluation criteria for the formation of the competence of the organizers of the educational process at the Agrarian University in the use of information and communication technology tools. It is shown how to estimate this level. Measurable indicators of evaluation criteria are highlighted and methods for measuring these indicators are disclosed. The scale of competence levels of the organizers in the educational process at the Agrarian University in the use of information and communication technology tools is given.
Morphofunctional characteristics of mouse (Mus musculus musculus) liver on the application of various doses of nanostructural sapropel
Authors: Faizrakhmanov Ramil N. , Larina Yuliya V. , Ezhkova Asiya M. , Ezhkov Vladimir O. , Semakina Ekaterina
Published: February 2020

The liver is considered to be the main organ in the processes of regulating metabolism, neutralizing toxins and maintaining the constancy of the internal environment of the body. The goal of the research was to study the morphofunctional state of the liver under the effect of different concentrations of nanostructured sapropel. The experiments were carried out on non-linear (outbred) white mice weighing 24.9 ± 1.8 g. Twelve mature males were allotted to four groups. Mice of the experimental groups I, II and III intragastrically through the atraumatic flexible probe were once injected with nanostructured sapropel (particle size of 45.0–180.0 nm) in the following doses: lethal – 3.0 g/kg of the body weight; toxic – 1.8 g/kg of the body weight and safe – 0.6 g/kg of the body weight. Mice of group IV served as a control one and received deionized water in the same way. The choice of liver as the organ for analyzing is justified by the fact that the liver did not have direct contact with sapropel nanoparticles in the process of its intragastric administration into the body of white mice. Four hours after the introduction of nanostructured sapropel, three mice from each group were killed by cervical dislocation. After preparation and staining with hematoxylin and eosin, identical pieces of the liver were evaluated using light microscopy. Histological studies have established that the introduction of a lethal dose of nanostructured sapropel caused hemodynamic vascular disorders; focal necrosis and necrobiosis of hepatocytes were also observed in the research. Furthermore, the research noted a migration of reticuloendotheliocytes to the centrolobular regions of the lobules and enhancement of their activity. The microstructure of the liver when introducing a toxic dose of nanostructured sapropel was characterized by moderate plethora of sinusoidal capillaries, deformation of hepatocytes, focal destruction with the development of karyopiknosis, karyorhexis and karyolysis. The study revealed the activation of reticuloendothelial cells. Liver histology when introducing a safe dose of nanostructured sapropel was characterized by the preservation of the integrity of the structural elements, polyploid (two- and multi-core) hepatocytes were identified in the periportal part of the lobes. The changes in the structural and functional state of the mice liver were found to be depending on the dose of the nanostructured sapropel.
The etiological role of the parainfluenza-3 virus in the respiratory pathology of young cattle
Authors: Gueriche Achouak , Galiullin Albert K. , Gumerov Vali G. , Karimullina Ilsiyar G. , Shaeva Aigul Y.
Published: February 2020

Parainfluenza virus-3 is the most common etiological agent in mixed respiratory diseases of calves with high concentrations of animals. The more severe course of the disease is observed with complications from bacterial or other viral infections. This article presents the results of clinical and epizootic, serological, virological and molecular genetic studies. A cytopathogenic agent was isolated from a pathological material taken from patients with respiratory diseases of calves in a BEK cell culture. Based on the results of serological and molecular biological studies, this isolate (“LD-9”) was identified as the parainfluenza-3 virus in cattle.
Prospects of agricultural business in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Mukhametgaliev Farit , Sitdikova Landysh , Khismatullin Marsel , Asadullin Nail , Mikhailova Lilia
Published: February 2020

The relevance of the study is defined by the need to identify problems and determine prospects for business development in the agrarian sphere of economy in the regions of Russia in the context of new challenges to external economic environment. The purpose of the paper is to develop recommendations on optimization of the state agrarian policy in the field of agricultural business development on the basis of analysis of the current situation and to identify trends in agriculture development of Russia and its regions. The novelty of the study is to identify trends in the development of agricultural business in the regions of Russia and to develop directions for improving the organization of efficient agricultural entrepreneurship in the Republic of Tatarstan. The paper presents the analysis of efficiency of agricultural business, identifies trends, problems and prospects for its development, defines priority directions for improving the organization of activities of agricultural business of the Republic of Tatarstan. Theoretical provisions and practical recommendations proposed in the paper can be applied in scientific research on the development of agricultural business, in scientific justification of main directions, methods and mechanisms for the implementation of the state agro-food policy. The practical significance of research results includes the possibility of using them in the development of agrarian policy, formation of effective mechanisms of state impact on the development of agro-food complex at federal and regional levels to achieve high targets.
Complex evaluation of the modern atmospheric air of city ecosystems
Authors: Ulivanova Galina , Fedosova Olga , Antoshina Olga
Published: February 2020

The results of studies of the chemical composition of atmospheric air showed that the concentration of ammonia (0.2520 mg/m3), nitrogen dioxide (0.3942 mg/m3) and hydrogen sulfide (0.0269 mg/m3) exceeded the MPC requirements. The seasonal dynamics of the spread of aerogenic pollutants revealed a decrease in NO, NO2, H2S, SO2from winter to the spring-summer season. However, the content of such pollutants as NH3, CO and dust increased significantly in summer to 0.0816, 3.7140 and 0.0289 mg/m3respectively. During bio-indication of 363 trees only 4 species of the 16 studied ones were characterized as healthy (K<1.5). The overall level of attenuation was 2.16 (“weakened forest”). Evaluation of the fluctuating asymmetry showed high resistance of the maple (Acer Platanoides) to environmental pollution (the level of asymmetry in the transport zone was 0.039 against 0.077–0.078 in the silver birch (Betula pendula) and the fragrant poplar (Populus suaveolens). The high level of anthropogenic pollution in the transport zones of the city adversely affected roadside biotopes. It has been proven that roadside phytocenosis is significantly sparse and the population density drops sharply by 50–100 %, compared to cleaner functional areas. The results of lichenoid indication showed that in most of the sites studied, the air was highly polluted (pollution class 1) and the concentration of SO2was 0.10–0.30 mg/m3.
Mathematical modeling of the grain trajectory in the workspace of the sheller with rotating decks
Authors: Ibyatov Ravil , Dmitriev Andrey , Ziganshin Bulat , Khaliullin Damir , Zinnatullina Alsu
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the work is to determine the possibility of controlling the operation of cereal grain husks by changing the angular rotation speed of the disk (rotor) and deck to provide optimal conditions for peeling (removal of the flower shell from the grain). For this purpose, the movement of grain in the working space of the husk between the disk and the rotating deck is considered. The mathematical model of grain movement in the working space of the husk, taking into account the real aerodynamics of the rotating air flow, where the efficiency of peeling is determined by the speed and direction of the grain flight, is presented. To study the nature of the influence of structural and regime parameters of the desiccant on the efficiency of work, on the basis of the obtained mathematical model, numerical calculations and graphical dependences are made. On the basis of the analysis of the received graphs it is revealed that the direction of the grain impact on the deck is strongly influenced by the direction of the grain velocity vector at the moment of its tearing from the disk edge and the deck rotation angle speed. At the same time, the right angle impact of the grain can be achieved at low speeds of the deck rotation, and the speed of the grain during the impact is mainly determined by the speed of the disk rotation and practically does not depend on the speed of the deck rotation.
The marker level of endogenous intoxication in the midst of bronchopneumonia and during the convalescence of calves
Authors: Alekhin Yurij , Zhukov Maksim , Grin S.A. , Koshchaev A.G.
Published: February 2020

The research on the level of markers of endogenous intoxication in the midst of bronchopneumonia and during convalescence in calves was conducted in conditions of a complex for feeding young cattle. The experiment involved calves aged 4–5 months, group 1 – clinically healthy (n = 30), group 2 – animals with bronchopneumonia with moderate severity of the disease (n = 72) subjected to full treatment. Blood sampling was carried out the day the groups were formed (in calves from group 2, this is the period of “high disease”), as well as on days corresponding to days 1, 3, 6, 10, 13, 18, and 25 after the disappearance of specific symptoms of bronchopneumonia. From the markers of endogenous intoxication syndrome in the blood, the content of medium-weight molecules (AWM), the sorption capacity of erythrocytes, non-erythrocyte hemoglobin by the hemoglobin cyanide method, and malondialdehyde were determined. Studies have shown that in 37.5 % of those who have suffered, intoxication markers disappear within 10–13 days after completing the course of treatment, and in 41.7 % of calves after positive dynamics, the AWM level increases at 10–13 days at a wavelength of 237 nm, which indicates activation of the resorptive mechanism of autointoxication and the risk of relapse. At the same time, the dynamics of recovery processes in 20.8 % of patients who were ill was characterized by normalization of most of the studied parameters, but by maintaining an increased level of lipid peroxidation products and transmembrane hemoglobin loss, which can cause secondary anemia and re-illness.
Effect of zeolites on soil modification and productivity
Authors: Bikkinina Liliya M.-H. , Ezhkov Vladimir O. , Faizrakhmanov Ramil N. , Gazizov Rasim R. , Ezhkova Asiya M.
Published: February 2020

Local natural zeolite-containing rocks use efficiency in agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan was studied in the research. The research was conducted in the field on leached black soil applying mechanoactivated zeolites and in greenhouses on grey forest soil using nanostructured zeolite. Field experiments identified the soil deacidification of 0.4 pHsol, increase of assimilable phosphates of the 1st and 2nd groups (Ca-P1 и Ca-P2) – of 5.0 and 6.6 mg per 100 g of soil. Moreover, the research considered the increasing the mobile phosphorus available to plants – of 8.0 and 10.0 mg/kg and exchange potassium of 5.0 and 6.6 mg/kg according to the doses of zeolite of 10 and 15 t/ha. Improving the activity of microflora in rhizosphere and growth acceleration of microbial biomass to 15.5 mg per 100 g*h were observed. The average annual grain yield gain was 0.3 and 0.5 t/ha, and the payback of 1 ton of zeolite by additional harvest 0.11 and 0.09 t/ha in grain units respectively. Improvement in the reaction of the soil environment was stated in the vegetative conditions on gray forest soil using nanostructured zeolite in doses of 0.1 and 1.0 t/ha, a positive shift in pHsol, was 0.97 and 0.9 units respectively. Under the influence of mechanically activated celite at a dose of 15 t/ha, soil acidity decreased by 0.99 pHsol units. The use of nanostructured zeolite contributed to an increase of the reserves of ammonia nitrogen in the soil – by 0.8 and 2.4 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus – by 6.0 and 33.0 mg/kg, and exchangeable potassium – by 3.0 and 5.5 mg/kg respectively at doses of 0.1 and 1.0 t/ha respectively. The growth of microbial biomass was up to 24.0 mg/100 g*h. Additional grain gains were obtained: under the influence of mechanically activated zeolite at a dose of 15 t/ha – 8.6 g/vessel and nanostructured analog at a dose of 0.1 t/ha – 7.3 g/vessel, which were comparable at the consumption of the latter 150 times less.
Features of technological characteristics of cereal and pseudocereal flour
Authors: Berezina N.A. , Nikitin I.A. , Khmeleva E.V. , Glebova N.V. , Makarova N.A.
Published: February 2020

Carbohydrate-amylase complex of barley, rice, buckwheat and millet flours was studied. The cereal and pseudocereal flour is stated to be thermostable. Its gelatinization and liquefaction takes a long period. Addition of medium rye flour as an available and cheap source of amylolytic enzymes accelerates and increases the liquefaction of the gelatinized mass. The features of the starch component of the cereal and pseudocereal flour were found to require an increase of the pregelatinized flour preparation time. Mono- and disaccharides of the pregelatinized cereal and pseudocereal flour are mainly represented by glucose. Pregelatinized cereal and pseudocereal flours (except rice flour) contain excessive amount of amino nitrogen in comparison with traditional for-bread-baking pregelatinized rye flour. Pregelatinized cereal and pseudocereal flours can be used in native or dry form. The shelf life of dry pregelatinized cereal and pseudocereal flour is 3 months.
Efficiency of lime application on sod-podzolic soil in the north-western region of Russia
Authors: Danilov Dmitry , Yakovleva Lidiya , Nikolaeva Ekaterina
Published: February 2020

The article presents the analysis of the results of a long-term experiment on studying the effectiveness of the combination of the doses of lime and mineral fertilizers on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in crop rotation in the Leningrad region. Research experiments are carried out in the six-field crop rotation. The data obtained in the course of long-term stationary field experiments are more reliable and accurate compared to the results of model experiments. The liming and long-term uses of mineral fertilizers affect the crop nutrition pattern and the migration capacity of substances in soils. The application of moderate doses of mineral fertilizers during soil liming increases the number of bacterial microflora. Liming significantly increases the nitrification capacity of the soil. Liming of strongly acidic sod-podzolic soils increases the amount of phosphorus and fertilizers the crops take from soil. Calcium, which is a part of phosphorus fertilizers, is essential for acid-sensitive crops. The optimal reaction level for crop development is not constant. In case of a good crops supply with nutrients, the optimal reaction level shifts to a more assiduous area. As a result, the knowledge of the process patterns occurring in the soil under the influence of anthropogenic agricultural activity was obtained. The data obtained are the key to control the soil evolution during its agricultural use.
Agrarian insurance in Russia: condition, difficulties, and ways of their overcoming
Authors: Nosov Alexey , Tagirova Olga , Fedotova Marina
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the history of the development of state support for the agrarian producers sector in Russia and, in particular, the federal system of subsidizing agrarian insurance. It is shown that the main problems that violate the further progressive development of the agrarian insurance market are the destabilization of subsidies, the prevalence of compulsory insurance elements, the imperfection of legal support of insurance business and taxation of insurance activities, the decrease in the solvency of the population, the lack of clarity of state policy, and insufficient insurance culture of agrarian producers. The main directions of the development of agrarian insurance are proposed, one of which is the development of pilot projects for agrarian income insurance. It was analyzed on the experience of agrarian producers insurance in the USA and Canada, which led to the identification of the most critical factors that must be taken into account when developing the structure of income insurance. It is concluded that the essential factors in the development of agrarian insurance are the availability of the necessary volume of data on prices and the level of productivity in the region and sufficient support from the state.
Age-related features of the manifestation of non-contagious pathology and metabolic disorders of liver in broiler chickens
Authors: Semenenko Marina P. , Kuzminova Elena V. , Osepchuk Denis V. , Grin Vladimir A. , Semenenko Ksenia A. , Zakharova Ludmila M.
Published: February 2020

The article presents the data on the study of age-related features of non-contagious pathology in broiler chickens, as well as the level of metabolic processes in liver of healthy poultry and poultry with diseases. The results of the studies indicate that in the conditions of an industrial enterprise specializing in meat poultry rearing, poultry mortality in different age periods ranged from 3 to 5 % of the total population. In the structure of the causes of mortality of broiler chickens from the 8th to the 15th day, an increase in mortality from hepatopathies was registered, and by the 25th day of life hepatosis was recorded in the bulk of the dead poultry. Biochemical monitoring of blood serum in poultry with signs of liver pathology revealed an increase in the level of ALAT, β-globulins, and the “inflammation syndrome” of the hepatic parenchyma was confirmed by a positive thymol test. Long-term consumption of feed contaminated with mycotoxins by broilers led to the deterioration in the health of the poultry, an imbalance in liver and the development of general metabolic disorders of the poultry organism.
Quality assessment of electronic state and municipal services using the example of the ministry of agriculture of the Russian Federation
Authors: Safiullin Niyaz Azatovich , Valieva Gulnara Rinatovna , Faizrahmanov Dzhaudat Ibragimovich , Savushkina Luisa Nizamovna , Kurakova Chulpan Malikovna
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the features of the provision of public services in electronic form. The dynamics of the provision of public services in the Republic of Tatarstan is given. A review of the existing methodologies for assessing the quality of the provision of electronic public services is given. The authors’ methodology for assessing the quality of the provision of state and municipal services in electronic form is proposed. An authorized executive body has been identified which is responsible for organizing the assessment of the quality of services. Formulas of individual indicators of the technique are developed. As an example, the assessment of the provision of the public service “Providing information obtained in the course of accounting for reclaimed land” is calculated. A polygon of the effectiveness of the provision of state and municipal services in electronic form is proposed. Measures to eliminate identified deficiencies in the provision of services are proposed. The authors make the conclusion about the importance of assessing the quality of services and the relevance of the proposed methodology.
Comparative assessment of the parameters of acute toxicity of natural products
Authors: Medetkhanov Fazil A. , Muravyova Kseniya V. , Khadeev Dmitriy P. , Konakova Irina A. , Yarullina Elmira S.
Published: February 2020

The paper presents the results of comparative assessment of the parameters of acute toxicity of complex plant agents under such laboratory codes as CDP, Bronchelp and a phytopropoletic agent KNA for parenteral application, as well as a complex agent KV for use per os. The studies revealed that the single intramuscular administration of agents from natural components CDP, Bronchelp and KNA to laboratory rats in the maximum permissible dose do not have a general toxic effect. Similar results were obtained by oral use of a complex agent KV. According to the results, the tested agents are classified as low-hazardous substances (class 4).
Development of associated vaccine against Piv-3, Ibr, Bvd and chlamidiosis of cattle
Authors: Evstifeev Vitaliy V. , Akbashev Ilgizar R. , Yakovlev Sergey I. , Klyatskiy Maxim I. , Galimzyanov Ilsur G.
Published: February 2020

As a result of clinical and epizootological examination of dysfunctional farms with respiratory and intestinal infections, the main agents of pneumoenteritis of calves and based on this we developed and associated inactivated vaccine against PIV-3, IBR, BVD and chlamidiosis were identified. The results of laboratory and production tests showed that it has high antigenic activity and immunogenic properties for laboratory animals, and its use in dysfunctional farms reduces the incidence of young animals, increases their birth rate and safety which has a positive effect on the efficiency of cattle breeding.
Evaluation of the lipid fraction of pyrochars organic matter in the aspect of negative effects on soil
Authors: Okunev Rodion , Smirnova Elena , Giniyatullin Kamil , Guseva Irina
Published: February 2020

The evaluation of the possible negative effect of pyrochars on soils based on the analysis of the content of lipid fraction and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of organic matter was evaluated. Eight species of pyrochar were obtained from the crop and wood residues (linden, willow, corn, millet) by two pyrolysis regimes: low-temperature pyrolysis (<400°C) and high-temperature pyrolysis (400–600°C). The largest amount of lipid fraction (from 0.54 to 2.78%) and PAHs were found in pyrochars obtained at a low pyrolysis temperature. The total content of PAHs in the studied samples ranged from 8.49 to 603.21 μg/kg. According to the PAHs content, pyrochar was the most adverse for application to the soil, obtained from the residues of millet of low-temperature pyrolysis, however, at a high pyrolysis temperature, the safest product with the lowest PAHs concentration and a significant amount of lipid fraction was formed. Using an incubation experiment by measuring substrate-induced respiration in soil-pyrochar mixtures, it was shown that the application of this meliorant can also increase the emission of carbon dioxide from soils in a short time. The results of the experiments showed that it is necessary to precisely control the conditions of pyrolysis and carefully select the material for pyrochar in order to obtain the products with most favourable amounts of lipid fraction and PAHs content.