bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pydrin Efficacy on the Pine Chafer in Scots Pine Christmas Trees, 1983
Authors: Sapio Frank J. , Simmons Gary A.
Published: March 2022

A RCB design was employed on a 2 acre pine stand in Lake City, MI to measure the efficacy of Pydrin in 2.4EC. Trees varied by height from 2 to 4 ft and by seed-source. Blocking by seed-source was employed to extract any variability due to varietal differences. The experimental unit consisted of 35 randomly selected trees from each treatment cell. The total number of pine chafers on each tree were counted immediately before treatment and at 2 and 9 days after treatment. Treatments were applied using a Solo backpack mistblower calibrated to 13 gal/A spray volume. Weather was optimal at the time of treatment with winds less that 5 mph and with no precipitation for approximately 1 wk after spray. Temperature was approximately 85°F at the time of treatment. Efficacy data presented here were collected nine days after treatment and have been pooled across all four treatment blocks.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Lansdale, Pa, 1984
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J.
Published: March 2022

The lawn consisted of perennial ryegrass (10%) and fine leafed fescue (90%). Treatment plots were 5 by 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied 10 Aug by using a compressed air sprayer with four 6504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 25 psi with a 3 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 85°F; soil temp at 1 inch depth, 79°F; soil temp at 2 inch depth, 75°F; soil type, silt loam, soil pH, 6.8; % organic matter, 2.4; soil condition, dry; amount of thatch, 0.5 inches; and partly cloudy skies. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was lightly syringed with water. Posttreatment counts were made 7 days later (17 Aug). Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch diam open ended steel cyclinder into the turf, filling with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface over a 10-minute period. Three flotation samples were randomly taken from within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Control of Spider Mites on Spruce, Biorational Insecticide Evaluation, Ft. Collins, Co., 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Wright Glen
Published: March 2022

Nursery stock Colorado blue spruce, 6-8 ft high, at the CoUindale nursery of the City of Fort Collins, were used in a study of spruce spider mite controls. Plot size was a single tree which was replicated 4 times/treatment in a RCB design. Three species of predatory mites (Amblyseius californicus, Metaseiulus occidentals, and Phytoseiulus longipes) were released 11 Jul at the rate of 50/tree. Sprays were applied 20 Jul and 3 Aug, using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering approximately 1 pt of finished spray/tree. Plots were evaluated 23 Jul, 7 Aug, and 18 Aug by shaking 2 terminals/tree over a tray and counting dislodged spider mites.
Evaluation of Mavrik with Various Adjuvants on Black Vine Weevil (Bvw) Adult Control: Fecundity and Feeding, 1984
Authors: Caldwell D. L. , Kunickis E. J.
Published: March 2022

Individual 3-gal taxus plants were sprayed on 20 Sep, using a Burgess hand-pump sprayer. Plants were kept outside and were exposed to the following rainfall (inches) before the trial was run: 23 Sep (0.25), 25 Sep (0.03), 26 Sep (0.40) and 1 Oct (0.01). In this trial, BVW were caged in 8-oz styrofoam cups with a clear Telan petri dish top. A 3-inch taxus sprig was placed in a 0.75-inch (diam) plug of Florists Oasis Block as a moisture source. There were 4 weevils/cage, and 5 cages/treatment. Treated taxus sprigs were placed in the cages 1 Oct (11 DAT). Twigs were changed after 24 h, and replaced with untreated foliage for 24 h. Ratings (3 Oct) were taken after the 24 h exposure on untreated foliage to evaluate weevil recovery and fecundity. The BVW were then caged on treated foliage (now 13 DAT) for 48 h. Feeding (damage) and egg counts were taken at this time (5 Oct). Feeding was evaluated by counting the number of notched needles regardless of the number of notches, and dividing by the number of apparently active weevils at that time.
Recovery and Fecundity of Black Vine Weevil Adults (Bvw) Following Exposure to Fluvalinate, 1984
Authors: Caldwell D. L. , Kunickis E. J.
Published: March 2022

Taxus plants and conditions were as in I&A Report no. 469. Plants were sprayed 19 days (9 Aug) prior to this test, with 0.7 and 0.48 inches of rain on 10 and 22 Aug, respectively. The test consisted of 3 replicates with 8 weevils per replicate. The weevils were exposed to treated foliage for 24 h, and were then given untreated taxus foliage in clean petri dishes (3 inch diam). Eggs were counted at the end of the 7-day period. Eggs/weevil were based on the number of healthy weevils at the time the eggs were counted (after 7 days on the untreated foliage).
White Grub Control on Golf Course Fairways in West Virginia, 1984
Authors: Weaver Joseph E.
Published: March 2022

Spring and summer applications of insecticides to golf course fairways were evaluated for efficacy in controlling white grubs. Treatments were applied in separate areas on 8 May and 8 Aug. Plots were 10 x 10 ft replicated 4 times in a completely random design. For each plot, liquid formulations of insecticides were applied by sprinkler can in 1 gal of water and irrigated after application with 2 gal of water. Granules were applied with a hand shaker made from a pint jar with a perforated lid. Some treatments were irrigated with 2 gal of water while others were not irrigated (see table). Thatch in the test areas ranged from 0 to 0.5 inch thick. Four locations in each plot were sampled with a cup-cutter (4.25 in. in diam) to a depth of 3 in. The predominate species of white grub in both trials was the Asiatic garden beetle comprising 91 to 97% of the population on all sample dates. Samples were collected at 4 and 6 or 19 weeks posttreatment and mean values for each sample date were compared by ANOVA. Accumulative precipitation during the trials was 3.39 and 17.37 inches at 4 and 19 weeks, respectively, for the spring application, and 2.52 and 2.63 at 4 and 6 weeks, respectively, for the summer application.
German Cockroach Control, 1984
Authors: King Ed , Price Richard , Freeman Richard , Pinkston Ken
Published: March 2022

This laboratory test evaluated 2 chemicals on 2 different surfaces using a modified B&G sprayer, model 104-5 mounted on a motorized track powered by a zero max 0-400 electric motor. A spraying system multi-teejet fan nozzle 800067 was attached to a nozzle stand and transported by the motorized track. The nozzle (24 inches above the panels) delivered 6.2 oz. of finished spray per minute at 10 psi at an application speed of 1.25 ft per second. Vinyl asbestos tile and enamel-painted plywood panels, 6 inches x 6 inches x 0.75 inches were sprayed on 1 side using the motorized spray unit. After spraying, the treated panels were allowed to dry for 24 h. Cockroach containment to the panel surface was accomplished by using containers (4.75 inches in diameter) with the bottoms cut out. To prevent the cockroach from climbing up the sides, the inside of the container was coated with bentonite clay. Nylon fabric was fastened over the top of the containers to prevent escape. Ten adult German cockroaches from a normal laboratory strain were placed on each panel. Control was determined at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Cockroach mortality was recorded 48 h after exposure to the panels. Each treatment was replicated 3 times.
Cattle-Hypoderma Lineatum Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1984
Authors: Drummond R. O.
Published: March 2022

Government-owned Hereford, Angus, and Hereford-Angus-cross calves and yearlings on pasture at Camp Stanley and Camp BuUis, Bexar Co., TX, naturally infested with the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers), are treated with new insecticides that were determined to be systemically active in the mouse-Cuterefcra animal systemic insecticide test. Animals are weighed and given insecticides in initial tests either orally by capsule (usually technical grade insecticide) or dermally by whole-body spray of 4 1/animal at > 1000 kPa [usually formulated as an EC in tylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and AI (25 parts)]. In other tests, insecticides are administered dermally to cattle by pouron of a specific volume of insecticide (usually water-diluted EC as above or solution in oil) per body weight, or intramuscularly or subcutaneously by injection of a specific weight of insecticide per body weight. Normally cattle are treated with new insecticides initially at the highest nonlethal dosages as determined by cooperating veterinary toxicologists; maximum dosages of initial tests are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% spray. If initial dosages are effective, cattle are given lower dosages in order to determine the minimum effective dosage. Other cattle are treated with titrated dosages of labeled systemics in order to determine systemic activity of label-listed dosages and less than label-listed dosages. After the treatment in May or Jun, the backs of treated cattle (usually 3-6 animals/treatment) and untreated cattle of the same age and breed from the same herd are examined monthly from Aug to Feb of the next year for encapsulated cattle grubs. As cattle grubs appear, they are located on an outline map of the back of each animal; the cumulative number of grubs in each animal is obtained. Effectiveness of a treatment is determined by comparing the average number of grubs in treated cattle with the average number in untreated cattle.
Ear Tags for Control of Cattle Lice, 1984
Authors: Herald F. , Knapp F. W. , Schwinghammer K. , Cilek J.
Published: March 2022

Two insecticide-impregnated ear tags, fenvalerate and flucythrinate, were evaluated for control of cattle lice on yearling steers. Each treatment group contained 6 yearlings, which were tagged with 2 tags per head; six untreated yearlings served as controls. Lice counts were made prior to tagging and at weekly intervals for 8 wk. Total number of lice were recorded from 2 to 3-cm hairparts from each of the following locations: ears, eyes, muzzle, jaw, shoulder, backline, tailhead and hips. Lice viability was determined by microscopic examination of specimens. Because of uneven pretreatment lice numbers, an analysis of covariance with the pretreatment lice count as the covariable was performed to assist in interpreting the posttreatment significance of the ear tag treatments.
Evaluation of American Cyanamid Experimental Levamisole/Famphur Paste Administered Orally to Dairy Cattle for Longnosed Louse Control, 1984
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael A.
Published: March 2022

Four separate groups of dairy cattle in Montgomery Co, VA, were administered famphur treatments orally in combination with levamisole. A standard 5th group received 11.5% Tramisol Gel plus 13.2% Warbex Pour-On for comparison. The treatments and associated herds were as follows (levamisole and famphur dosages expressed as mg/kg body weight); A) 5.75% levamisole (8 mg) and 0% famphur (0 mg). Eleven head of yearling cattle were treated; 1 heifer and 4 bulls were used for evaluation. B) 5.75% levamisole (8 mg) and 14.4% famphur (20 mg). Seven head of yearling cattle were treated; 5 heifers were used for evaluation. C) 5.75% levamisole (8 mg) and 21.6% famphur (30 mg). Twenty-five head of yearling cattle were treated; 5 heifers were used for evaluation. D) 5.75% levamisole (8 mg) and 28.8% famphur (40 mg). Twenty-three head of yearling cattle were treated; 5 heifers were used for evaluation. E) 11.5% Tramisol Gel (8 mg) and 13.2% Warbex Pour-On (40 mg). Fifteen calves (2–3 mo old) were treated; 1 bull and 4 heifers were used for evaluation. Rations for the subject animals included hay (A&B), silage (C&D), and a milk substitute plus feed pellets (E). Individual body weights were recorded at the beginning and end of the trial to determine weight gains.
Evaluation of Larvadex® for the Control of Northern Fowl Mites on Chickens, 1983
Authors: Collison C. H. , Cloud J. A. , Burg J. G.
Published: March 2022

Larvadex 0.3% premix (cyromazine), an insect growth inhibitor, was fed to 17 White Rock hens (37 wk old) at the University poultry farm to determine its effectiveness in controlling northern fowl mites. Seventeen birds served as controls. All birds were housed individually in a 7.3 X 7.3-m shelter. The shelter contained 2 banks of Favorite single deck, double row, sloping floor hanging cages (46 X 46 X 30 cm), 20 cages per bank. Cage banks were separated by a 2.3-m isle and were suspended 1 m above the floor. Treated and control birds were housed in separate banks. On 18 Feb ‘83 all birds were artificially infested with northern fowl mites by mechanically aspirating mites from carrier hens and releasing them into the vent area of each recipient. Mite populations were visually estimated by parting the feathers in the vent area at two-wk postinfestation and at weekly intervals for the duration of the study. Population levels were indexed by the following code: 0 = 0 mites/bird; 1 = 1-2 mites; 2 = 3-9 mites; 3 = 10-31 mites; 4 = 32-99 mites; 5 = 100-315 mites; 6 = 316-999 mites; 7 = 1,000-3,159 mites; 8 = 3,160-9,999 mites; 9 = 10,000-31,586 mites; and 10 = more than 31,586 mites/bird. Larvadex treatments were initiated on 4 Mar ‘83 and continued for 15 consecutive wks.
Evaluation of Boric Acid Formulations for Control of Red Imported Fire Ants, 1984
Authors: Lemke L. A. , Knight R. L. , Kissam J. B.
Published: March 2022

Five numbered compounds containing boric acid were evaluated for use as mound drenches for control of red imported fire ants in South Carolina. These studies were conducted in 2 pastures, 1 in Boykin and the second in Santee. In the first pasture 14 circular plots (100 ft diam) were delineated with the location of fire ant mounds in each plot mapped. A minimum of 5 mounds were present in each plot. The activity of each mound was also determined by slightly prodding the mound with a thin metal wire and then estimated by the number of ants coming to the surface using the following scale: 0 = inactive mound, 1 = 1-100 ants, 2 = 101-1000 ants and 3 = greater than 1000 ants. To each of the 14 plots, 1 of 7 treatments was assigned randomly. The concentration of each EI formulation was determined by adding 70 ml of compound to 1 gal of water as instructed by the company. One gal of solution was applied to each mound. Treatments in field 1 were applied on 18 Jun 84. In the second study conducted at Santee, the same procedure was followed except that EI formulations were doubled, 140 ml in 1 gal of water. Treatments in field 2 were applied on 13 Oct 84.
Control of Red Imported Fire Ants with Mound Drenches, 1983
Authors: Phillips Sherman A. , Claborn David M.
Published: March 2022

Field tests were initiated in Kerr County, Texas with UC-27867 and AK-101. Rates of both compounds were applied as single mound drenches to individual colonies of the red imported fire ant (RIFA) at the Riverhill Country Club in Kerrville, Texas. Each rate was applied as a 1-gal mound drench to 20 individual colonies on 16 Jun 83, and monitored at intervals requested by the companies involved. Colony survival was determined by opening each mound with a shovel and noting the presence of defending workers.
Susceptibility of the House Fly and Little House Fly to Pyrethroid-Treated Plywood Panels, 1984
Authors: Meyer Jeffery A. , Mandeville J. David , Mullens Bradley A.
Published: March 2022

Each material was applied to 2 identical 1 ft2 plywood panels to the point of runoff and bioassayed with house flies and little house flies. Flies utilized for bioassays were 1 wk old or less and originated from laboratory colonies. Fifty flies of each species were exposed to each of the 2 panels by means of confining them under screen jar rings, 3 inches in diameter by 1 inch deep. Four rings were placed on each panel in predesignated areas; 25 flies of each species per ring. Mortality counts were taken at 1 h and 24 h post-exposure.
Control of Mango Shoot Moth, 1983
Authors: Schreiner I. , Nafus D.
Published: March 2022

A mango orchard in Agat, Guam, with mixed-age trees about 15-35 years old, of several unknown varieties, comprised the treatment site. Pairs of trees of similar size were identified and assigned either to the spray treatment or to the control. The treatment was replicated on 4 trees. Insecticide was applied once every 2 wk with a 50 gal power sprayer. Leaf damage was estimated on a monthly basis on 20 terminal shoots chosen at random from each tree. The number of leaves on each shoot was counted and each leaf present was evaluated for damage. A leaf having no damage was rated 0, one with up to 25% of its tissue missing was rated 1, 26-50% missing was a 2, 51-75% a 3 and 76-99% was a 4. This trial of 6 mo was from Aug and Nov.
Sixspotted Mite Control on Avocados, 1982
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Olsen K. N. , Goodall G. , Phillips P. A.
Published: March 2022

Six acaricides were tested for control of sixspotted mites (SSM) on 20-year-old trees (40 X 20 ft spacing) located in Santa Barbara County. A randomized block experimental design was used with 5 single-tree replicates of each treatment with single tree buffers separating the test trees both within and between rows. All materials were applied by handgun with a Bean orchard hydraulic spray rig at 400 psi on 28 Sep ’82. The dilution factor used for all materials was based on 1000 gpa, i.e., 10 gal per tree x 100 trees per acre. All trees were sprayed to the point of runoff. Treatments were evaluated by taking random samples of 20 leaves from each of the sprayed and untreated trees at a height between 2 and 8 ft. The samples were examined in the lab with the aid of a dissecting microscope within three days of collection. Only the motile stages of SSM on the underside of each leaf were counted. A pretreatment leaf sample was collected on the day of treatment, and 28 SSMs per leaf were found.
Citrus Red Mite Pesticide Efficacy Tests in Riverside, 1984
Authors: Morse J. G. , Elliott W. G.
Published: March 2022

A randomized block design was used with 4 single-tree replicates per treatment. Materials were applied using a Hardie hand-gun (single nozzle, no. 8 disk) at 450 psi (ca. 1000 gal/acre, 10 gal/tree) using a John Bean sprayer. Naked-eye counts of live adult female mites on the adaxial surfaces of 32 leaves/tree (4 leaves from each of two 4-leaf terminals per quadrant) were made. Predator mites (mainly Euseius tularensis) were censused by counting all motile stages on both sides of 10 inferior leaves/tree.
Navel Orangeworm Control on Walnuts, 1984
Authors: Van Steenwyk R. A. , Barclay L. W. , Barnett W. W.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted at the Westside Field Station at Five Points, CA. Six treatments were replicated 8 times using a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. Materials were applied to runoff (600 gal spray mixture per acre) with a hand-held orchard sprayer operating at 270 psi. Applications were made on 5 Sep when walnut husks had just begun to split. Control was evaluated by inspecting 100 nuts per replicate (tree) for navel orangeworm on 19 Sep.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Beans, 1984
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were direct seeded on 7 Mar 84 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a 25-ft long single row on 3-ft centers. The plots were irrigated by an overhead sprinkler twice a week. There were 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 5, 12, 19 and 24 Apr with a CO2 powered, 2.5 gal hand-held sprayer with 40 psi at a rate of 50 gal of water per acre, insect counts were taken on 25 Apr by shaking the plants over a 3 ft by 3 ft white cloth. The banded cucumber beetle and garden tleahopper populations were normal, however other pests did not build-up in the plots.
Insect Control in Cabbage, 1984
Authors: May A. , Grafius E. , Pax R.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was seeded using a “Precision Planter” in 4-ft rows on 6 Jun, ’84 at the M.S.U. Horticultural Experimental Station, Sodus, MI (Berrien Co.). Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications (= blocks) per treatment. Each plot was 3 rows wide and 15 ft long. Treatments were applied on 18, 25 Jul, 1, 8, 15, 22, 30 Aug, and 6 Sep, with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gpa. Efficacy was determined by examining (ca. weekly) 2 entire plants from the center of each plot for insects. Analysis were done on insect counts and damage ratings. A rating scheme (0-4) was used to evaluate 2 heads/plot throughout the season and 5 heads/plot at harvest. The rating scheme was as follows: 0 = No damage on plant; 1 = Few holes on wrapper leaves; no holes on head; 2 = Many holes on wrapper leaves; no holes on head; 3 = Few holes on head; 4 = Many holes on head. There were no significant differences between treatments in reducing the no. of: looper eggs, small looper larvae, ICW eggs, small and large ICW larvae (small < 1/2 inch; large > 1/2 inch), and lacewing eggs. Significant differences between treatments were detected in reducing the no. of large looper larvae. Counts from 1 Aug through 6 Sep are presented in this report because counts from previous weeks were extremely low. On 6 Sep, significant treatment differences were detected. Pounce, and both Spur treatments significantly reduced the no. of large looper larvae. Lorsban and Dipel were not significantly different from the untreated.
Control of Imported Cabbageworm, Cabbage Looper, and Diamondback Moth, 1984
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was transplanted to the field on 25 Jul. The soil was a fine sandy loam of pH 7.0. Transplants were treated with Schultz starter fertilizer at planting and side-dressed on 17 Aug with 200 lb urea at 45 lb ai/acre. Each plot, a 22.5-ft row, was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications, based on 3-ft row spacing, were made with a CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 60 gal/acre at 40 psi. Prior to application, on 29 Aug, the mean numbers of larvae per plant were: 1.15 imported cabbageworm (ICW), 0.65 cabbage looper (CL), and 3.05 diamondback moth (DB). Insecticides were applied on 29 Aug and control was assessed by counting the number of larvae on 5 plants per plot on 30 Aug, 4 Sept, and 11 Sep.
Evaluation of Acaricides for Control of Spider Mites on Cantaloupes, 1985
Authors: Perring Thomas M.
Published: March 2022

Melons were planted 9 Feb ’84 on 90-inch center slant beds at Imperial Valley Field Station, El Centro, Ca. Seeds were precision-planted on the south-facing slope of the bed to take advantage of solar heating. Furrow irrigation and other standard agronomic techniques were used. Experimental plots, 4 rows X 15.5 in, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Pesticide applications were made on 10 May using a 2-row handheld Co2-driven backpack sprayer. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 24 gal of total spray/acre at 40 psi. Materials evaluated and rates used are presented in the data table. Total number of adult female spider mites were counted on certain leaves of the primary branch of each of 5 plants/plot. If the primary branch had fewer than 10 leaves, then all leaves were counted. If the primary branch had between 10 and 20 leaves then every other leaf, beginning at the crown, was counted. If the branch had between 20 and 30 leaves, then every 3rd leaf was counted, and so on. This procedure provided for all aged foliage to be sampled. Mite counts from each plant were totaled to give a whole plant number. Counts were made on 9 (pretreatment), 16, 23 and 29 Mar. Beneficial arthropods were counted on the same leaves as those upon which mites were evaluated.
Beet Armyworm Suppression on Celery, 1984
Authors: Goh Ken S. , Trumble John T.
Published: March 2022

Celery was transplanted on 4 Aug into 9 inch greenhouse pots. On 24 Aug, when plants were ca. 16 inches in heiglit, 10 third-stage beet armyworm larvae from a laboratory colony were placed on each of 4 plants/application rate, and allowed to acclimate for ca. 1 h. Each plant was then sprayed to runoff using a Devilbiss #16 nozzle. In a second test, the same experimental design was used except that larvae were placed on the plants after the sprays had dried. Laboratory conditions at the time of treatment were 24°C and a photoperiod of LD: 16-8. All plants were placed in ventilated cages to prevent losses due to the migratory behavior of the beet armyworm. Plants were examined for dead or moribund larvae at 2, 8 and 24 and 72 h posttreatment for the contact plus residue test. In the residue only trial, moribund and dead larvae were recorded at 12, 48 and 72 h following treatment. Plants and larvae in the checks were treated with distilled water only.
Codling Moth Control, Large Plots, 1984
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted near Wenatchee at the Columbia View orchard, a part of the Tree Fruit Research Center. The orchard consisted of Red Delicious trees in their fifth leaf on a semi-dwarfing rootstock. The orchard was sprinkler irrigated with an undertree, solid-set system. Each treatment was applied to an unreplicated half-acre block of trees using a handgun sprayer at 400 psi to the point of drip simulating a dilute spray of ca 400 gal per acre. Dimilin was first applied 17 May at 75 degree days after first moth (PFM) caught in pheromone traps. The second application was made 12 Jun. Guthion was first applied 12 Jun at 250 degree days PFM. The second Guthion application was made 3 Jul. Evaluation of first generation injury was made on 13 Jul. All fruit on each tree were examined in the border and adjacent 3 rows (32 trees/plot). The number of apples injured by codling moth was recorded. There was heavy codling moth pressure throughout the orchard. Dimilin was applied against the second generation of codling moth on 30 Jul at 1450 degree days PFM. Guthion was applied against second generation on 7 Aug at 1650 degree days PFM. All fruit in the border and next 3 rows were examined for injury on 30 Aug. A single mite sample of 50 leaves from each plot was taken on 22 Aug. Data are presented as average mites per leaf.
Citrus Thrips Control Trials in California, 1985
Authors: Morse J. G. , Grout T. G. , Brawner O. L.
Published: March 2022

Materials were tested for control of citrus thrips populations in Field 12 (15 year old Atwood navel oranges) of the Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, CA. Treatments were applied using a hand-gun at 500 psi, outside coverage and approximately 200 gpa (except Kelthane thorough coverage, 1000 gpa) on various dates pre and post petal fall (1 May). Four-tree plots were used with 2-12 (normally 3) replications. Posttreatment counts were taken weekly on some of the plots of the percent of fruit on the exterior of the tree from knee to eye level (10 fruit per tree) that were infested with citrus thrips during the 6 wk critical period following petal fall. Citrus thrips fruit scarring counts were taken 1 mo prior to harvest on all fruit on the exterior of the tree from knee to eye level. Scars were rated as slight (any citrus thrips scarring) or severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring, equivalent to level causing fruit downgrading in a normal year). Economic scarring levels are approximately 5% severe scars.
Corn Earworm Control on Snap Bean, 1985
Authors: McLeod Paul
Published: March 2022

Snap beans were planted 10 Aug at the Arthur Henderson farm at Lowell, AR. Plots were four 50-ft rows (40-inch spacing) with 5-ft alleys separating plots on the same row. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 10 treatments replicated 4 times. Sprays were applied with a manually propelled bicycle sprayer when the majority of plants bore 2-inch pods (8 Oct). Final spray volume was 10.5 gal/acre. Insecticide effectiveness was compared 16 Oct by taking 50 sweeps with a 15-inch diameter insect net in the center 2 rows of each plot. Plots were harvested 21 Oct by hand-picking 2 row-m from the center rows of each plot. Insecticide effectiveness was determined by comparing the % pod damage and the no. earworm larvae in each harvested sample.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Cowpea Curculio on Beans, 1985
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were direct seeded 27 Mar ’85 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row on 3-ft centers, 25 ft long. The plots were irrigated by an overhead sprinkler twice a week. There were 4 replications per treatment in a completely random design. Treatments were applied on 17, 24, Apr 1, 8, and 15 May with a CO2 powered, 2.5-gal hand-held sprayer with 40 psi at a rate of 50 gal of water per acre. Fifty pods per plot were evaluated for cowpea curculio damage on 21 May. The curculio population was normal. Other insect species did not buildup in the plots. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Cabbage Looper Control, 1985.
Authors: Story R. N.
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted at the St. Gabriel Research Station, St. Gabriel, LA. Seedling cabbage was transplanted onto 38-inch rows on 15 Feb with 15-inch spacing between plants. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of single row plots containing 8 plants. Pesticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single spray nozzel containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 15 mesh strainer. Treatments were applied on 18 Apr, 7 and 24 May. Evaluations of cabbage looper damage were made on 10 Jun by: 1) counting the number of feeding holes >2 cm2 in each of 6 wrapper leaves in each plant and 2) visually inspecting the head for damage and rating it damaged or undamaged. The leaf rating was calculated as the mean number of holes per leaf, while the head damage was expressed as the percentage of heads damaged.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Fall Armyworms, and European corn borers In sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Linduska James J. , Dively Galen P. , Harrison Floyd P. , Hellman John L. , Embrey Michael , Bean Richard
Published: March 2022

‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 50 ft in length on 3 Jun ’85. On 9 Jun Atrazine (1.5 qt) + Lasso (1.5 qt) was applied. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 20 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 50% silk 30 Jul and 4 days later on 3 Aug. Plots were harvested 15 Aug and evaluated as to insect species causing injury. Fifty ears/treatment/replication were harvested and graded. Only the center 2 rows of each plot were harvested. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Fall Armyworm, 1985
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were direct seeded on 30 Mar ’85 in Rockdale soil. The plots were irrigated by overhead irrigation twice a week. Each plot was a single row on 3-ft centers, 25 ft long. There were 4 replicates per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 16 and 19 Apr with a CO2-powered, 2.5-gal hand-held sprayer with 40 psi at a rate of 50 gal of water per acre. On 22 and 24 Apr, larval counts were taken by dissecting 10 plants/plot and counting the numbers of small (first and second instars), medium (third and fourth instars) and large (fifth and sixth instars). The FAW population was normal.
Control of Aster Yellows and Insect Defoliators in Lettuce, Rocky Ford, Co, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Pace Michelle , Schweissing Frank C.
Published: March 2022

‘Great Lakes’ lettuce was transplanted 25 Jul at the Arkansas Valley Research Center, Rocky Ford, CO. Planting was in a double row bed and each plot consisted of 24 heads. Treatments were applied 31 Jul, 8, 15, and 22 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 96 gal/acre. Plots were evaluated 5 Sep. Aster yellows infection was quantified by counting infested plants within plots. Leaf feeding injuries observed on plots were separated into the hole feeding injuries typical of cabbage looper and leaf scarring caused by various Diabrotica spp., primarily the SCB. Rating scales for both injuries were 1-5 with 1 indicating no visible damage and 5 the maximum injury on the plot. Cabbage looper numbers were estimated to be 3-5/head at the time of evaluation on untreated plants. However, predator and parasite activity on plots was heavy at the time of evaluation.
Control of a New Onion Pest in North Texas, 1984
Authors: Nagel D. , Puterka G. J.
Published: March 2022

High levels of the onion plant bug caused obvious leaf damage for the first time on record in North Texas. Onions were transplanted from the greenhouse to the field during 20-22 Feb. ’84. Plants were hand planted in 2 rows, 10 inches apart on 40 inch beds with a 3 inch in-row spacing. The plots were 250 ft long by 25 ft wide with 4 replications arranged in a randomized block design. The insecticide was applied by a 2-nozzle/row sprayer that delivered 36 gal/acre at 40 psi. The treatment was applied 13 Apr and onion plant bug counts were taken 13 Apr (pretreatment), 16, 19, 24 Apr and on the 4 and 22 May.
Carrot Weevil Control in Parsley, 1985
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Forest Green’ parsley were seeded into a sandy loam field on 20 Mar at the Arnold Galbiati Farm in East Vineland, NJ. Plots consisted of 4 rows on 18-inch centers and 20-ft long. All rows were treated and data were recorded from the middle two rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack boom sprayer with 3 nozzles (1 nozzle/row) calibrated to deliver 45 gal/acre at 40 psi. Plots were treated on 6, 15, and 23 May. The parsley was harvested on 31 May and 6 ft of row from the middle 2 rows weighed to determine yields.
Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Trials, 1983
Authors: Smilowitz Zane , Jannson Richard K. , Rebarchak Paul , Wallace Jean
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted at the Pennsylvania State University Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. A randomized complete block design with 2 replications was used. Treatment plots consisted of 3 50-ft rows planted 34 inches apart. Blocks were separated by a 20-ft alleyway. Certified, Class B ‘Katahdin’ seed potatoes were planted on 25 May ’83, with a 9 inch spacing between plants. Temik 15G (0.5 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in-furrow at planting. Carbaryl was applied weekly at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre to reduce the number of GPA predators. Dithane M-25® was applied at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre on a 7 day spray schedule for potato late blight control. The foliar insecticides were applied 22, 29 Aug, and 8 Sep with a 6-foot boom sprayer equipped with 2 Teejet® D2-25 disc-core nozzles/row. Thirty gal of water per acre were applied at 60 psi; tractor speed was 3 mph. Three leaves per plant, 12 plants per treatment plot (72 total leaves/treatment) were sampled weekly from 2 Aug to 12 Sep ’83 for green peach aphids (GPA). One row/treatment plot was harvested on 6 Oct ’83 and graded for size. Rainfall in inches totaled 0.50 May, 4.96 Jun, 1.70 Jul, 2.67 Aug, 2.16 Sep. Mean monthly temp (°F) were 59.1 May, 67.2 Jun, 71.2 Jul, 69.3 Aug and 62.6 Sep.
Population Response of Green Peach Aphid on Potato in Puerto Rico, 1984-85
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted at the Isabela Research and Development Center of the University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station. The LaRouge were planted 27 Nov and the Shepody on 11 Dec. Treatments were 4 rows, 20 ft long, with 36-inch spacing between rows and 16-inch spacing within rows. Each treatment was randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. The soil systemics were applied in-furrow at planting. Foliar sprays were applied either weekly or biweekly. The LaRouge were sprayed 18 Jan to 18 Feb and the Shepody from 18 Jan to 4 Mar. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 105 gal/acre at 20 psi. Aphids were counted from 20 fully mature leaves per plot on 12 Feb, 25 Feb, and 6 Mar. Yields were taken from 50 plants from the center 2 rows of each plot.
Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Insecticides on Potato in Puerto Rico, 1985
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 17 Dec, at the Isabela Research and Development Center of the University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station, Isabela, PR. Treatments were 2 rows 10 ft long, with 36-inch spacing between rows and 16-inch spacing within rows. Each treatment was randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Foliar sprays were applied 20 Feb, 27 Feb, and 4 Mar, using a CO2 powered hand-sprayer delivering 50 gal of water/acre at 35 psi. Aphids were counted from 20 fully mature leaves per plot on 18 Feb, 25 Feb, and 6 Mar.
Tomato Fruitworm Control on Tomatoes, 1985
Authors: McLeod Paul , Eaton S. E. , Motes D. R.
Published: March 2022

Seedling tomatoes, in 2.25-inch peat cups, were transplanted 20 Apr at the University of Arkansas Vegetable Substation, Kibler. Plots consisted of a single row of 11 plants spaced at 2-ft intervals. Rows were spaced at 10-ft intervals and 4-ft alleys separated plots within the same row. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 10 treatments replicated ! times. Sprays were applied 31 May, 7, 14, 21, 28 Jun, 5, 12 and 19 Jul to each side of each row with a hand-held CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 62 gal/acre. Insecticide effectiveness was compared on accumulated total harvest for no. and weight of marketable fruit and no. and % iruitworm damaged fruit.
Insect Control with Larvin on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1984
Authors: Schuster David. J.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 5 Sep, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft wide by 8-inch high beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments were applied 26 Sep, 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 Oct, 7, 14 and 26 Nov with a 2.5-gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 70-115 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). The no. of undamaged fruit and the no. of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae (principally the southern armyworm. S. eridania (Cramer)) and stink bugs were totaled over harvests taken on 19 and 30 Nov.
>Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1985
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A.
Published: March 2022

Plots were direct seeded on 4 Feb, ’85 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from 25 Mar (1st bloom) to 6 May for a total of 7 applications. They were applied with a Spirit Mfg. Inc. model 902 high-clearance sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 80 psi, and in 100 gal of water/acre. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested on 10 May. The % of fruit damaged by SGSB and SAW were determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot. The populations of both pests were lower than usual.
Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae in Oklahoma, 1985
Authors: Doss Mike , Berberet Richard
Published: March 2022

Two evaluations were conducted to determine efficacy of insecticides against the weevil. The first of these was located on the South Central Research Station at Chickasha, OK with the cultivar ‘Arc’. Pretreatment counts made just before spraying on Mar 24 indicated an infestation level of 4.5 larvae/stem. The second evaluation was conducted on ‘Riley’ alfalf; at the Agronomy Research Station, Stillwater. Treatment date for this test was 6 Apr with pretreatment counts averaging 15 larvae/stem. Applications were made with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer equipped with flooding nozzles and calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 20 psi. Plots were 4 × 7m and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Population densities of larvae were determined from 25 stem samples taken from each plot on each posttreatment sampling date. Larvae were extracted from foliage with Berlese funnels prior to counting. Counts wert divided by 25 to give tabular values in larvae/stem.
Alfalfa Webworm Control Johnstown, CO, 1985
Authors: Peairs Frank B.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to newly-seeded center-pivot irrigated alfalfa on Jun 12 ’85. Crop height was 2-6 inches and there were numerous 8 to 12-inch Kochia (Kochia scoparia) plants present and also being fed upon by the alfalfa webworm. Plots were 12 × 18 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 26 gal/acre at 30 psi through 4 nozzles (8006) mounted on a 6-ft boom.
Alfalfa Insect Control, Minnesota, 1985
Authors: Stucker David S. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN, on 1st regrowth 2nd year alfalfa. Treatments were 26 × 26 ft and replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray treatments were applied on 29 May with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer in 36 gal water/acre at 200 psi. Plant height at spray application was 23-26 inches. Insects were sampled 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment by taking 10 sweeps per plot with a 15-inch diam sweep net. One day posttreatment, 1.5 inch of rain fell and there was marble-sized hail resulting in broken alfalfa stems and lodging; an additional 0.5 inch of rain 3 days posttreatment.
Control of Banks Grass Mite on Corn, McIntosh, Nm, 1984
Authors: Lewis B. E. , Owens J. C.
Published: March 2022

A randomized complete block with 4 replications was utilized as the experimental design. Plots consisted of two, 38-inch by 50-foot rows of furrow irrigated corn. Adjacent plots were separated by 6 buffer rows. Treatments were applied to mature corn using a hand pulled CO2 tricycle sprayer calibrated to deliver 19 gpa at 18 psi. Seven Spray System® TX-4 nozzles were arranged on a spray boom with 1 nozzle directed over the top of the row and 3 nozzles attached to drops on either side of the row. Granular treatments were premeasured and metered over the rows by hand. Pretreatment counts and treatment applications were made 29 Aug. Mite counts consisted of all visible mites found on leaves 4 and 5 counting from the bottom green leaf of 6 randomly selected plants per plot. Banks grass mite was identified as the predominant mite at each sampling date. Adjusted percent control = 1 - [(trt postcount/trt precount) × (check precount/check postcount)] × 100 (Henderson and Tilton).
Cotton Bollworm, Tobacco Budworm and Cotton Boll Weevil Control, 1985
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Guillebeau P. L. , Macie J. L. , All J. D.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted 6 May, at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Midville, GA. Soil type was Tifton loamy sand. Randomized complete block experimental design with 6 row plots × 33 m long × 1 m row width × 5 m alleys with 4 replicates. Plants were treated with a high cycle sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row at 60 psi in a final volume of 50 1/ha. Sprayed 11 times beginning on 20 Jun, and continuing 18, 25 Jul, 1, 6, 13, 20, and 27 Aug, 3, 10 and 17 Sep. Twenty squares or small bolls per replicate in each treatment were examined for worm and weevil damage and the presence of live worms or weevils on 25 Jun, 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 Jul, 6, 13, 20, and 27 Aug, 3, 10, and 17 Sep.
Chemical Control of Thrips and Aphids on Cotton, 1985
Authors: Fitt Johnny R. , Teetes George L.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted 19 Apr on rows spaced 40 inches apart. Caparol was applied premergent at 2.4 lb (AI)/acre on 19 Apr. Plots were arranged in a randomized block design with treatments replicated 4 times. Plots were 8 rows wide and 40 ft long. Blocks were separated by 15 ft of untreated cotton. The study was bordered in front and back by a 25 ft buffer of untreated cotton. Foliar treatments were applied to the inner 4 rows of designated plots. A backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gal of solution per acre through two HC-4 nozzles per row at 36 psi and 3 mph was used to apply foliar insecticide treatments. Temik treatments were applied to all 8 rows of designated plots. A 2-row Gandy applicator was used to apply Temik treatments at planting. Foliar treatments were applied 1 and 8 May. Density of thrips and aphids were determined 30 Apr, 7 and 13 May. Density levels were assessed by counting thrips (adults and nymphs) and aphids on 15 randomly selected plants per plot. This was accomplished by emersing plants one at a time in a jar containing 75 percent ethyl alcohol. Thrips were easily dislodged but agitation was required to remove aphids. Number of thrips (adults and nymphs) and aphids were determined by counting them under a microscope. Phytotoxicity of the tested insecticides was assessed by counting plant population density in two 13.1-row-foot sections per plot. Thrips damage ratings were made by averaging ratings of 10 plants per plot (5 plants from each 13.1-row-foot section). Plants rated were selected using a random number table. Plants were rated on a scale of 1 (no visible thrips damage) to 7 (terminal destroyed). Damage ratings were made 13 May. Soil samples to determine nematode density were taken 5 Jun. Four subsamples per plot were mixed together and one sample taken from this mixture. Samples were submitted to the Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory at College Station, Texas on the Texas A&M University campus for nematode density dertermination. Cotton fruiting rates were assessed by taking square, bloom, and boll counts. The number of squares per 10 plants was counted and recorded for each plot, 5 Jun, about 1 wk into the squaring period. A count of blooms and bolls was made on two 13.1-row-foot sections per plot 27 Jun, 9 days after first bloom. Yield data was gathered from stratified harvest of two 13.1-row-foot sections per plot. All plots were treated with Cygon on 28 May and 4 Jun for control of cotton fleahopper. Cythion RTU was applied 7 and 13 Jun, and 2 Jul for control of boll weevil. Ammo was applied for control of Heliothis spp. 1 and 10 Jul.
Control of Heliothis Spp. Larvae on Cotton with Insecticide Combinations, 1984
Authors: Gary Debra , Lorenz Gus , Luttrell R. G.
Published: March 2022

A small plot field study was conducted on the Plant Science Research Farm of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS and the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch rows) by 50 ft with 2 buffer rows between plots at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm and 4 buffer rows at the Delta Branch Experiment Station. Treatments were applied at the Plant Sci. Res. Farm on 25 Jul, 1, 14 and 19 Aug. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil control with Guthion 2L (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 30 Aug 12, 20, 28 Sep, and 3 Oct. Plots were evaluated on 30 Jul and 16 Aug by making 5-ft whole plant counts in each plot. Yield data were collected by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 21 Nov.