bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Placental Transfer Immunity to the Newborns in a Twin Pregnant Women Vaccinated with Heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1
Authors: Pongsatha Saipin , Chawansuntati Kriangkrai , Sakkhachornphop Supachai , Tongsong Theera
Published: January 2023

Pregnant women who receive the COVID-19 vaccine develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which can be transferred to the fetus. However, the effectiveness of placental transfer has not been evaluated in twin pregnancy, especially in cases vaccinated with heterologous CoronaVac (Sinovac)—ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) regimen, which was commonly used in many countries. Case: A 34-year-old Thai woman with a twin pregnancy attended our antenatal care clinic at 21 + 2 weeks of gestation and requested COVID-19 vaccination. Her medical history and physical examination were unremarkable. She had not received COVID-19 vaccination before. Ultrasound screening for fetal anomaly revealed a dichorion diamnion twin pregnancy. Both twins showed no structural anomaly. She received the CoronaVac vaccine at 21 + 2 weeks of gestation without serious side effects and the ChAdOx1 vaccine at 24 + 2 weeks of gestation. Cesarean delivery was performed at 36 + 5 weeks of gestation, giving birth to the two healthy babies. The levels of anti-spike protein IgG levels (BAU/mL) in maternal blood just before delivery and umbilical cord blood of the two newborns were 313.349, 678.219, and 874.853, respectively. The levels of % inhibition (wild-type and delta) in the two newborns were also higher than those in the mother. In conclusion, heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1-S vaccination in a twin pregnancy could effectively provide protective immunity to both twin newborns. The antibody levels in both were approximately two times higher than those in the mothers. This case report may serve as a reference in counseling couples with a twin pregnancy, while the studies on placental transfer of vaccine-derived antibodies in twin pregnancy are currently not available, especially in countries experiencing a vaccine shortage or unavailability of mRNA vaccines.
Differences in BNT126b2 and ChAdOx1 Homologous Vaccination Antibody Response among Teachers in Poznan, Poland
Authors: Lorent Dagny , Nowak Rafał , Jankowska Monika , Kuszel Łukasz , Zmora Paweł
Published: January 2023

Children are among the best vectors to spread respiratory viruses, including emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 due to the asymptomatic or relatively mild course of infection and simultaneously high titres of pathogens in the respiratory tract. Therefore, individuals who have constant contact with children, e.g., teachers should be vaccinated against COVID-19 as essential workers within the first phases of a vaccination campaign. In Poland, primary and secondary school teachers were vaccinated with ChAdOx1 from February 2021 with a three month interval between the two doses, while lecturers at medical universities, who are simultaneously healthcare workers, received the BNT126b2 vaccine from December 2020 with three weeks between the first and second doses. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody responses at two weeks and three months after vaccination and to estimate the vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 among infection-naïve teachers vaccinated with mRNA and a vector vaccine. We found that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies were significantly higher among the lecturers but antibody waning was slower among the schoolteachers. However, those vaccinated with ChAdOx1 complained significantly more often of vaccine side effects. In addition, during the three months after the second vaccine dose no study participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The BNT126b2 vaccine gave higher antibody titres in comparison with ChAdOx1 but protection against COVID-19 in both cases was similar. Moreover, we did not find any anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibodies at two weeks as well as at three months after vaccination among the study participants, which shows a very high vaccine effectiveness in the occupational group with a high SARS-CoV-2-infection risk.
Pilot Study for Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine with Seasonal Influenza and Pertussis Vaccines in Pregnant Women
Authors: Shen Ching-Ju , Lin Yen-Pin , Hu Shu-Yu , Shen Ching-Fen , Chuang Hui-Yu , Ker Chin-Ru , Sun Der-Ji , Yang Yu-Hsuan , Cheng Chao-Min
Published: January 2023

Background: It is well known that the implementation of routine immunizations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases has a significant impact on the health and well-being of infants, children, and pregnant women. We aimed to evaluate the influence of influenza, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among pregnant women, the priority population recommended for vaccination. Methods: We conducted a prospective study among pregnant women without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taiwan. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples at delivery were analyzed for the percentage of inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the original strain, Delta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the total antibody to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We examined the association between different doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in combination with influenza and Tdap vaccination, and two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with or without influenza and Tdap vaccines via a two-sample t-test. Results of p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: 98 pregnant women were enrolled in our study, with 32 receiving two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine, 60 receiving three-dose of mRNA-1273, and 6 receiving one-dose of ChAdOx1 and two-dose of mRNA-1273. Twenty-one participants were immunized with SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and Tdap vaccines. Of these 21 individuals, there were no significant NAbs levels in maternal and cord blood samples against the Omicron variant, regardless of doses or type of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, antibody responses against the wild-type and Delta variant were significantly lower in all maternal sera in the two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine group. Among 32 women receiving two-dose mRNA-1273, significantly lower levels of NAbs in maternal sera were observed against the Delta variant and total antibody both in maternal sera and cord blood were observed in individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccine. Conclusion: This is the pilot study to demonstrate the effects of influenza and the Tdap vaccine on the immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among pregnant women. These results suggest that combination vaccination during pregnancy may result in immunogenic interactions.
Rabies in Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) in Brazil: Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors Based on Twenty Years of Research in the Northwestern Region of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Garcia Ana Beatriz , de Carvalho Cristiano , Casagrande Daiene , Picinato Mirelle Andrea de Carvalho , Pedro Wagner Andre , Marinho Márcia , Queiroz Luzia Helena
Published: January 2023

The number of rabies cases in bats has increased recently in Brazil and in the state of São Paulo, representing a new epidemiological scenario for this zoonosis. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of rabies in bats according to food habits, taxonomic classification, sex and season of the year to identify possible risk factors for rabies occurrence in bats. A retrospective analysis of 6389 records of bat samples, from different municipalities of São Paulo, submitted to rabies diagnosis and taxonomic identification was carried out at the Rabies Diagnostic and Chiroptera Laboratories of Unesp Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, from 1998 to 2017. Seventy-six (1.1%) positive rabies cases were detected in bats from ten species and seven genera of three families. The number of rabies-positive cases was higher in the dry season, with a significant association. The prevalence was higher in the Vespertilionidae family (37), especially Myotis nigricans (19) and Eptesicus furinalis (14). Frugivorous bats had a greater association with positivity for rabies, whereas the variable “sex” had no association. We recommend that the surveillance and control of rabies should be undertaken primarily during the dry season, especially in the Vespertilionidae family species and other species with a frugivorous food habit.
Chemodynamics of Mercury (Hg) in a Southern Reservoir Lake (Cane Creek Lake, Cookeville, TN, USA): I—Estimation of the Kinetics of Photochemical Reduction of Aquatic Hg(II) Using Field-Measured Data of Hg Water/Air Exchange and Dissolved Gaseous Hg
Authors: Fletcher Lesta S. , Crocker William C. , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2023

An alternative, independent estimation of the kinetics of aquatic Hg(II) photochemical reduction featuring dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) emission from water in consideration was obtained by using a mass balance box model. An interactive Excel spreadsheet was constructed to implement the model equations to yield the rate constants and the rates of the Hg(II) photoreduction. The model calculations used field-measured data of DGM paired with its emission flux coupled with the corresponding field sampling times. This data set came from a previous, separate, year-long field study conducted at a southern reservoir lake (Cane Creek Lake, Cookeville, Putnam County, TN). The mean value of the model-calculated rate constants (kDGM) of the Hg(II) photoreduction for the warm season (June–August) (4.5 fM h−1/pg L−1) is higher than that for the cold season (October–January) (2.2 fM h−1/pg L−1). The rate constants were found to be the highest (22.5 fM h−1/pg L−1) in August whereas the lowest (0.03 fM h−1/pg L−1) in January. The model-calculated rate constants are clearly higher in value than but comparable in order of magnitude to the published kinetic data. The model-calculated rates (rDGM) of the Hg(II) photoreduction are significantly higher, by one order of magnitude (102 vs. 101) than the apparent rates calculated using the same field DGM data without consideration of the Hg emission from the water. A sensitivity analysis of the model parameters points to a high sensitivity of Hg emission flux to the rate constant under modeled realistic environmental conditions. The initial Hg(II) concentration is also a sensitive model parameter under certain conditions. The results of our model study support the conclusion that DGM emission from water has a strong impact on the kinetics of aquatic Hg(II) photoreduction and the model calculation can provide an independent, valuable approach for estimating the kinetics of aquatic Hg(II) photoreduction.
A Review of the Hydraulic Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers Based on Granular Zero Valent Iron
Authors: Bilardi Stefania , Calabrò Paolo Salvatore , Moraci Nicola
Published: January 2023

Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) based on the use of zero valent iron (ZVI) represent an efficient technology for the remediation of contaminated groundwater, but the literature evidences “failures”, often linked to the difficulty of fully understanding the long-term performance of ZVI-based PRBs in terms of their hydraulic behavior. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the long-term hydraulic behavior of PRBs composed of ZVI mixed with other reactive or inert materials. The literature on the hydraulic performance of ZVI-based PRBs in full-scale applications, on long-term laboratory testing and on related mathematical modeling was thoroughly analyzed. The outcomes of this review include an in-depth analysis of factors influencing the long-term behavior of ZVI-based PRBs (i.e., reactive medium, contamination and the geotechnical, geochemical and hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer) and a critical revision of the laboratory procedures aimed at investigating their hydraulic performance. The analysis clearly shows that admixing ZVI with nonexpansive granular materials is the most suitable choice for obtaining a long-term hydraulically efficient PRB. Finally, the paper summarizes a procedure for the correct hydraulic design of ZVI-based PRBs and outlines that research should aim at developing numerical models able to couple PRBs’ hydraulic and reactive behaviors.
Characteristics of Shallow Flows in a Vegetated Pool—An Experimental Study
Authors: Parvizi Parsa , Afzalimehr Hossein , Sui Jueyi , Raeisifar Hamid Reza , Eftekhari Ali Reza
Published: January 2023

Pools are often observed in gravel-bed rivers, together with the presence of vegetation patches. In the present study, a conceptual model of a gradual varied flow with both convective deceleration and acceleration flow sections has been constructed in a flume to study turbulent flow structures. Vegetation patches with extended canopies were planted in the pool sections in order to increase the thickness of the boundary layer inside the inner zone. The effects of different flows (namely decelerating, uniform and accelerating flows) along an artificial pool on flow velocity, shear stress and bursting events have been investigated. In addition, due to the occurrence of secondary currents in shallow streams, the characteristics of turbulent shallow flow have been investigated along two axes that are parallel to the sidewall of the flume. The results showed that the application of the log law should be used with care to estimate shear velocity along a pool with a vegetated bed. The presence of a vegetation patch causes an increase in Reynolds shear stress, especially along the entrance section of the pool where the flow decelerates. The results of the quadrant analysis reveal that the sweep and ejection events have the most dominant influence over the vegetation patch in the pool; however, the contributions of outward and inward events increase near the bed, especially in the entrance section of the pool where the flow is decelerating. The distribution of stream-wise RMS of turbulence intensity along the pool generally presents a convex shape.
Simultaneous Scheduling and Synthesis of Industrial Water Allocation Networks
Authors: Chauhan Sudha , Shaik Munawar A.
Published: January 2023

This work addresses integration of batch scheduling with water allocation, recycle and reuse opportunities for freshwater minimization in batch plants via sequential and simultaneous methodologies. The presented scheduling model is based on state task network representation and unit-specific event based continuous time formulation. In the production scheduling model, a three-index finish time variable has been considered for handling multiple states having different processing time durations for the same task in a processing unit. The scheduling model introduces constraints to handle storage violations for production and consumption of the same state in the same unit. In the water network model for freshwater minimization, a regeneration unit along with a central water storage tank has been included to exploit the possibility of water reuse in the washing units. Four case studies are solved with single and multiple contaminants to evaluate the performance of the proposed model, which gives better savings in terms of freshwater consumption and thus also minimizes the effluent generation. Additionally, a preliminary analysis for two-objective optimization is presented where revenue is maximized, and the total water cost is minimized simultaneously using the weighted-sum method.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Meteorological Drought and Wetness Events across the Coastal Savannah Agroecological Zone of Ghana
Authors: Ankrah Johnson , Monteiro Ana , Madureira Helena
Published: January 2023

Drought and wetness events have become common due to global warming, warranting the need for continuous analysis and monitoring of drought and wet events to safeguard people’s livelihoods. In this study, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was utilized to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought and wetness events in the coastal Savannah agroecological zone from 1981 to 2021. Climate data from 14 locations across the zone were used to characterize drought and wetness events at the 3 and 12 month timescales. Except for September 1995 and November 2002, when changepoints occurred, the results revealed the homogeneous nature of temperature and rainfall in the zone. More drought events were observed in the dry and minor seasons, while the wet season had more wetness events under both the SPEI-3 and SPEI-12 timescales. The results also showed that, while moderate-to-severe drought events were common for most years, extreme drought events were more typical in the 1980s and 1990s than in the 2000s under both the SPEI-3 and SPEI-12. Furthermore, the 2000s saw more moderate-to-severe wetness events than the 1980s and 1990s, while the greatest number of extreme wetness events occurred in 1987, followed by 1997 and 2021 under the SPEI-3, and a few moderate-to-extreme wetness events occurred in 1987, 1991, 1997–1998, 2012–2013, 2018, and 2020–2021 under the SPEI-12. Under the SPEI-12, only extreme drought events showed a significant positive trend with a small magnitude of change. On the spatial scale, drought and wetness events occurred more frequently in the Central and Volta regions than in the Greater Accra region; however, the intensity and duration of the events were stronger and lasted longer in the Greater Accra and Central regions than in the Volta region. The regular monitoring of drought and wetness events is required to protect the livelihoods of people in the zone.
(Micro)Biological Sediment Formation in a Non-Chlorinated Drinking Water Distribution System
Authors: Prest Emmanuelle I. , Martijn Bram J. , Rietveld Matthijs , Lin Yuemei , Schaap Peter G.
Published: January 2023

Sediment formation in drinking water distribution systems can lead to brown water at customer taps. Previous studies have shown that sediment formation is closely linked with (micro)biological processes in the distribution system, however the mechanism is not fully understood. Most available studies on discoloration or sediment formation mechanism are based on modeling, pilot-scale experiments, or low frequency data collected during pipe flushing. In this study, long-term sediment development in a large-scale drinking water distribution system was studied at one location over 11 years and at several locations along a known water trajectory during one year. Particulate material was collected at several locations using built-in and mobile filters that were connected to transport and distribution pipes in a semi-continuous manner. The volume of the collected material varied seasonally and the highest volumes were collected in the summer season. The material followed similar variations as temperature, invertebrates biomass and concentration of Aeromonas. The results showed that particulate matter of the sediment at downstream distribution locations was not released by the treatment works but instead forms along the distribution network, with increasing particle/floc size, biomass and Fe and Mn content. The large crustacean, Asellus, contributed to material production through feces excretion and formation of detritus by degradation of exoskeletons of dead animals. Detailed chemical characterization of the collected material showed the presence of proteins, calcium carbonate and iron precipitates. A similar sediment composition in a reference distribution system where customer complaints about brown water are experienced less frequently suggests that the sediment formation mechanism is the same but that water quality of the treatment effluent impacts the extent of material formation and growth of invertebrates. Overall, the results indicate that sediment formation in the distribution system is the result of complex combinations of (micro)biological and bio-chemical processes, including aggregation of particles with organic and inorganic matter, microbial growth on particles and biofilm, biomineralization, and growth of invertebrates. The determining factors to limit sediment formation, however, could not be identified. Further research is required to focus on the impact of treatment on shaping the distribution system ecosystem.
Determinants and Evaluation of Onsite Water Loss Due to Leakages in a Selected Institution in South Africa
Authors: Netshitanini Mahanyele , Adeeyo Adeyemi Ojutalayo , Edokpayi Joshua Nosa
Published: January 2023

Water loss due to onsite leakage is a problem in the effective management of potable water mostly in semi-arid and arid countries of the world whose quantity of freshwater is depleted, and recharge is highly variable. This study assessed the quality and quantity of water loss in an academic institution due to onsite leakage resulting from various drivers such as leaks, corrosion, pressure, ageing infrastructure, and student attitude. An observational approach was used for water loss analysis. Samples were collected from each point from which water is lost and analyzed for physicochemical parameters, indicator microbes, and trace metals using standard procedures. It was observed that a high amount of water is lost in the study area which was partly influenced by high water pressure, the corrosion of taps and faucets, tap faults, and leaks. A total water loss of 9013.56 L/day in three selected residences of the institution was recorded. The wasted water was found to be of good quality with no harmful contamination. The Metal Pollution Index (MPI) showed that the water poses no threat from trace metals with a maximum MPI value of 7.76. The sampled water quality complied to the South African National Standard and World Health Organization standards for drinking water. The hazard quotient and hazard index both showed a level less than one, implying no possible non-carcinogenic risk associated with the consumption of the water. The wasted water from the institution’s residences is therefore of a very high quality and needs to be conserved for better usage.
Waterflooding Interwell Connectivity Characterization and Productivity Forecast with Physical Knowledge Fusion and Model Structure Transfer
Authors: Jiang Yunqi , Zhang Huaqing , Zhang Kai , Wang Jian , Han Jianfa , Cui Shiti , Zhang Liming , Zhao Hanjun , Liu Piyang , Song Honglin
Published: January 2023

Waterflooding reservoir interwell connectivity characterization is the fundamental work in oil development, aiming to inverse the vital connecting channels between injectors and producers. In this paper, we endow an artificial neural network (ANN) with strong interpretability through the ordinary differential equation (ODE) of the material balance equation, proposing a physical knowledge fusion neural network (PKFNN). In addition, the proposed model could inherit the knowledge learned from different injector–producer pairs, fully improving the training efficiency. In this way, PKFNN combines the merits of both physical and machine learning approaches. Firstly, based on the physical control law and the ODE of the material balance equation, we endow the model with highly transparent modular architectures in the framework of feedforward neural network. In this way, our work has both high interpretability and excellent approximation ability, combining the merits of the physical and machine learning approaches. The proposed model shows great performance on productivity forecast and interwell connectivity reflection in several reservoir experiments. PKFNN provides a novel way to enhance the interpretability and robustness of the data-driven-based interwell connectivity-analyzing models by integrating the physical knowledge of waterflooding reservoirs.
Assessment of Microbial Contamination in the Infulene River Basin, Mozambique
Authors: Nhantumbo Clemêncio , Cangi Vaz Nídia , Rodrigues Mery , Manuel Cândido , Rapulua Sífia , Langa Jéssica , Nhantumbo Hélio , Joaquim Dominic , Dosse Michaque , Sumbana José , Santos Ricardo , Monteiro Silvia , Juízo Dinis
Published: January 2023

Water microbial contamination is one of the major threats to human health. The study focus is on Infulene River Basin, a urban catchment with mainly informal settlements, with limited water supply and sanitation. In the catchment there are two wastewater treatment plants, one hospital and beer factory located on the banks of the main stream; water from this stream is used for urban agriculture and domestic uses by some dwellers. These factors present a significant health risk from water-borne diseases. At the moment there is limited knowledge about the level of microbial contamination of the different sources of water at the disposal of the communities. Thus, a preliminary study on fecal microbial contamination was conducted targeting the Infulene River and the drainage system from the nearby Maputo city draining into the system, with additional investigation on the drinking water provided by the city water supply company. The quantification of Total Coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (EC) was conducted at several sampling locations. Results were compared with official drinking water standards. Eighty two percent (82%) and 61% of Infulene river water and drainage water samples were positive for TC (105 to 109 NPN/100 mL) and EC (105 to 107 NPN/100 mL), respectively. For drinking water samples, 63% and 23% were positive for TC (up to 6000 NPN/100 mL) and EC (up to 1000 NPN/100 mL), respectively. Higher microbial contamination was found in neighborhoods with the poorest sanitation and shallow groundwater, i.e., Chamanculo, Xipamanine, Mafalala, Aeroporto and Maxaquene, a situation that was more expressive during the rainy season. Overall, the study confirmed the high vulnerability to microbial contamination of all sources investigated due to poor sanitation and lack of drainage infrastructure. The risks to human health might be even higher considering that contaminated water is used for gardening of vegetable watering and domestic use.
Hydrodynamics of the Vadose Zone of a Layered Soil Column
Authors: Batsilas Ioannis , Angelaki Anastasia , Chalkidis Iraklis
Published: January 2023

Getting into the heart of the water movement into the vadose zone is essential due to the direct impact on the aquifer recharge, the flood hazards, the irrigation planning and the water resources management in general. Since soil profiles in nature appear in layers, the present study accomplishes a deep investigation of the water’s motion through soil layers with different hydraulic properties. A series of experiments were conducted in the laboratory where infiltration, tension, soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity data were collected and analyzed. In particular, a transparent column was filled with two soils (loamy sand over sand), and TDR probes, along with ceramic capsules connected to pressure transducers, were set to the column. Using the experimental data and the unsaturated zone modeling, hydraulic parameters were obtained, along with water motion simulation and prediction. An investigation into the drainage, imbibition, infiltration, soil water characteristic curves and, in general, the hydrodynamics of the vadose zone of the soil layers has been achieved. The results of the current study suggest a method to estimate the crucial hydraulic parameters that are involved in the soil-water interaction and have an impact on infiltration, runoff, aquifer horizon recharge, water management and water saving.
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS DURING REINFORCEMENT CORROSION
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, TEREKHOV I.A.
Published: January 2023

To prevent premature wear and reduce the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete slabs, it is necessary to conduct a timely examination of their technical condition with the determination of the causes of defects with their subsequent elimination. At present, GOST 31937, which regulates the inspection rules, does not contain quantitative values of the technical condition criteria, according to which it is possible to assign a category of the technical condition of structures, including within the framework of a visual inspection. To identify the frequency of occurrence of defects associated with corrosion of reinforcement in reinforced concrete slabs of buildings and structures, as well as to determine the causes of their occurrence, 738 archival survey reports of TsNIIPromzdaniy JSC were considered. An analysis of previous surveys showed that defects caused by corrosion of reinforcement are among the most common and require more detailed instructions on the designation of the category of technical condition of structures. To develop criteria for the technical condition of reinforced concrete slabs with defects resulting from reinforcement corrosion, a calculation analysis of the effect of reinforcement corrosion on the bearing capacity was performed, the effect of corrosion products on the formation of longitudinal and transverse cracks, experimental data, and the requirements of regulatory documents were considered.
STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY OF RAW WOOD AFTER FIRE EXPOSURE
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, LUKINA A.V. , LISYATNIKOV M.S. ,   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, MARTINOV V.M. ,   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, ROSCHINA S.I. ,   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs
Published: January 2023

The study of wood with reduced physical and mechanical characteristics, including wood exposed to fire, is an important step towards economical and rational environmental management. Fires cause changes in the physical and mechanical properties of wood: moisture content, density and strength. Conducted tests for static bending, compression and tension along the fibers. Decrease in density and strength in fire-prone wood occurs along the entire height of the trunk. The following pattern is observed: in the butt part, the density is higher than in the middle part. The decrease in strength in the middle and butt parts is: in compression along the fibers 15-18%; when stretched along the fibers up to 24%. The highest loss of strength occurred in tests for static bending: in the top part up to 42%, in the middle part up to 29%, in the buttom part up to 23%. The smallest decrease in strength in all tests occurred in samples taken from the buttom.
SECANT MODULUS RATIO FOR RECONSTRUCTABLE REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors:   ООО «Rieltstroy», MURASHKIN V.G.
Published: January 2023

During the reconstruction, or upon expiration of the service life, as well as after external impact, reinforced concrete structures require examination and verification calculations. The most modern and accurate calculations are based on diagram methods. Existing diagrams of concrete deformation are focused on designing new structures and are not adapted to the concretes that have changed their strength and deformation properties over time or because of external influences. The main parameter describing the deformability of concrete is the secant modulus ratio. A technique for determining the secant modulus ratio is proposed in this arctical. The technique is based on using the exponential concrete deformation model. The obtained secant modulus ratio can be used for the widely adopted description of the concrete deformation diagram. The technique is illustrated on a specific example. The proposed technique significantly expands the application range of diagram methods and extend them to concrete after long-term operation or external impact.
ANALISA PENGENDALIAN INTERN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PENGGAJIAN KARYAWAN OUTSOURCING PADA PT SWABINA GATRA
Authors: Yanti Indah Dwi , Reviandani Wasti
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the implementation of internal control of the outsourced employee payroll accounting information system and what are the constraints of the internal control of the outsourced employee payroll accounting information system. The data used in this study were obtained from interviews, literature studies, and documentation. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method using data reduction analysis techniques, data presentation, and data inference. The result of this research is that the implementation of internal control of the accounting information system is in accordance with the provisions of the company. Starting from a clear segregation of duties, internal control environment, required supporting documents, accounting procedures, to payment terms. The obstacle experienced by the company was that there had been a discrepancy between the salaries received by outsourced employees and evidence of attendance records in the system caused by errors in the attendance application system.
Alimentation et mobilité dans la vallée du Nil, de la Préhistoire au Moyen Âge : perspectives isotopiques
Authors: Jaouen Klervia , Touzeau Alexandra
Published: January 2023

Par cet article, nous résumons l’ensemble des analyses isotopiques qui ont été conduites sur des squelettes et des momies de la vallée du Nil, de la préhistoire jusqu’au Moyen-Âge. Ces outils permettent d’étudier l’alimentation, la mobilité et l’environnement des populations anciennes. Les rapports isotopiques permettent par exemple de déterminer les proportions de différentes catégories d’aliments consommés par les habitants de la vallée du Nil, et viennent donc apporter un complément d’information par rapport à d’autres méthodes. De façon surprenante, ils suggèrent que le poisson du Nil a faiblement contribué à la table des Nubiens et des Égyptiens, quel que soit l’époque et la classe sociale considérées. Des disparités nord/ sud sont à relever quant aux types de céréales consommées le long de la vallée, mais l’enregistrement de l’alimentation des Nubiens présente de fréquentes lacunes spatio-temporelles qui pourront être comblées par des études ultérieures. Les rapports isotopiques de l’oxygène soulignent une diminution progressive des précipitations en Égypte au cours du temps, associée au retrait de la mousson vers le sud. Ce changement climatique ne semble cependant pas avoir eu d’impact néfaste sur les pratiques agricoles dans la vallée du Nil, dont la productivité est telle qu’au cours de la période romaine, l’Égypte sera connue sous le nom de «grenier à blé de Rome » .
L’Égypte, l’Afrique et les leaderships sacrés : Une vision depuis l’Amérique latine
Authors: Campagno Marcelo
Published: January 2023

Looking from Latin America, the question of relations between Egypt and Africa has a particular resonance. The Eurocentric definition of Universal History determined that both Africa and Latin America were excluded from the main axis of civilisation until their integration into that history in colonial terms. In both regions, there are certain continuities at large spatial and temporal scales, especially in the field of symbolic practices, which deserve to be examined. Within this framework, the characteristics of sacred leadership, which can be appreciated from the ethnographic information of many African societies, are examined and compared to the forms of symbolising the Egyptian monarchy, based on testimonies corresponding to the iconography of the period of political unification and the Old Kingdom’s Pyramid Texts.
Naqadian expansion: a review of the question based on the Necropolis of Kom el-Khilgan
Authors: Midant-Reynes Béatrix , Buchez Nathalie
Published: January 2023

The monograph of the Kom el-Khilgan necropolis has now been completed and the manuscript has been submitted to the publisher. The many years separating the end of the excavations in 2006 from the completion of the publication in 2018 provided an opportunity for deeper reflection on the social acceleration trends that characterise the 4th millennium BCE. The intent of this article is to reconsider the now very controversial trend of “ Naqadian expansion” in light of observations made at Kom el-Khilgan.
Six Monstrous Zoomorphic Predynastic Palettes: Representations of Real Conjoined twins?
Authors: Smolik Joe
Published: January 2023

The paper presents six monstrous zoomorphic palettes that appear to represent malformed animals (conjoined twins) that would have been observed occasionally in the Nile Valley. The three species concerned – the turtle, fish and bird – display four types of teratological conditions that make the artefacts unique in Egyptian art. The proposed interpretation of the cosmetic palettes, supported by pictures of their modern counterparts, offers a unifying theme to what otherwise appear as disparate and unrelated motifs. El-Amrah (grave A91, Naqada IC), Ballas (grave B345, Naqada IID2 ?) and Hierakonpolis are the provenance of three of the palettes, the one from grave A91 depicting “ a tortoise with a head at each end” and the other two “ double fish”. The two known graves themselves offer little to elucidate the symbolism of the palettes or the role of the deceased in life. It is possible that the palettes were gifts from the community to individuals who were revered in life for qualities other than personal wealth or power. Interestingly, the communities responsible for the interments, separated by distance and time, seem to have reacted identically to the appearance of these natural monsters, by fashioning palettes that, however, modified the established zoomorphic iconography. Finally, evidence is presented that the turtle was viewed as apotropaic already in the Predynastic Period, earlier than currently accepted. In that context, an explanation is proposed for the exceptional practice of suspending turtle palettes with the head facing down.
Les tendances politiques des littératures postsoviétiques de l’imaginaire
Authors: Fišman Leonid
Published: January 2023

Political trends in post-Soviet science fiction.

The article surveys the main trends in post-soviet science fiction. The author identifies two significant theses binding politicised Russian science fiction within the broader social and ideological context of post-Soviet Russia. these are revisionism and revanchism and the article traces their transformation into populist imperial fiction. The author focuses on the problem of large-scale disappointment in postsoviet society and the representation of this in dystopian writing and “ popadancheskaya” fiction.
Le motif de la nourriture et ses fonctions dans le conte littéraire russe pour enfants au XIXe siècle
Authors: Kriajeva Kouzmina Nadejda
Published: January 2023

Food and its Functions in Russian 19th-Century Literary Tales for Children.

the present study deals with the use of the food motif in the 19th century russian literary tale, with a special focus on three texts by Vasili zhukovsky, Piotr Wagner and Antony Pogorelsky. A secondary element in folk tales, food becomes central in literary tales, where it is used to trigger the plot, characterize the characters, or suggest the deep moral meaning of the text.
Rituel, violence et perversion : la drôle de cuisine de Vladimir Sorokine
Authors: Qualin Anthony
Published: January 2023

Serving up Ritual, Violence, and Perversion : The Bizarre Cuisine of Vladimir Sorokin.

The works of Vladimir Sorokin display an attention to detail in the description of food preparation and consumption that is unusual for russian literature. Perhaps even more unusual is the content of the cuisine served up and eaten by Sorokin’s characters. In this paper, I discuss images of cannibalism and sadism in Sorokin’s work. I shall argue that such imagery does not always reflect the liberating carnival atmosphere described by bakhtin, but, rather, that Sorokin’s works express the tensions inherit in deriving pleasure in the consumption of other living things and that they demonstrate the terror that can stem from giving free reign to our appetites.
Zinaïda Hippius, Boris Savinkov, Alexandre Kerenski face à la guerre
Authors: Hogenhuis-Seliverstoff Anna
Published: January 2023

Zinaïda Hippius , Boris Savinkov and Alexander Kerenski’s Stand towards War.

The letters exchanged between transgressive writer Hippius and exiled terrorist Savinkov, from August 1914 on, reflect the stand of left­wing intellectuals towards war. Their long­standing discussions about revolution give way to strong patriotic feelings. For him, Russia must come first and Hippius rejects the prospect of a Christian revolution while the war drags on at heavy costs. Through Hippius’s diaries, we see both of them teaming up with Kerenski as he advocates a renewed war effort in line with the Entente. However, after November 1917, they gradually split, as Hippius gets deluded in the motives of Russia’s Allies while Savinkov keeps relying on their support to the bitter end, which he meets in a desperate move.
Maximilian Volochine, chroniqueur de la Grande Guerre : Un regard depuis Paris
Authors: Victoroff Tatiana
Published: January 2023

Maximilian Volochine, Chronicler of the Great War : A Look From Paris.

Volochine , witnessing the Great War from Dornach and Paris, develops a historical, metaphysical and poetical vision of it in a set of articles for Russian readers of

Биржевые ведомости and in a poetic cycle Anno mundi ardentis 1915. In front of this “ civil war ” in which Europe is committing suicide, he sees in this a Judgment from above which soon moves to Russia. The compassionate poet stands between the belligerents, praying for people from both sides and welcoming them without discrimination in the haven of his “ House of the Poet ”.
Mobilisation familiale : les Gunzburg en 14-18
Authors: Meaux Lorraine de
Published: January 2023

Family Mobilization : The Gunzburgs during First World War.

The Gunzburgs were Russian Jews established in Petrograd, Odesa, Paris, London, Vienna, Lausanne and Braila. Their archives, full of letters, memories, photographs, military papers or passports, offer an intimate chronicle of the First World War. There was no emphasis nor any signs of nationalism in the vision of this very privileged family of bankers : during those hard times, they showed a strong family spirit and a constant military and civilian commitment.
Le centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale en Russie : la mémoire de la coopération franco-russe
Authors: Khodnev Alexandre
Published: January 2023

The Centenary of the First World War : the Russian­French Cooperation in the Contemporary Historical Memory in Russia.

The article reveals the boom of historical memory studies in present day Russia. The officially supported memory of the First World War hardly existed in Russia before the end of the 1980s. Interest in the history of the World War I rapidly revived only in the 1990s. Franco­Russian cooperation has become an important theme of the new commemorative practices. However, the First World War remains for Russians in the shadow of the victory in the Great Patriotic War (World War II).
De la guerre "impérialiste" à la "Seconde Guerre patriotique" : l'espace mémoriel russe de la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Pakhalyuk Konstantin
Published: January 2023

From «Imperialistic War » to «Second Patriotic War » : Spaces of Memory and Commemoration of WWI in Russia.

The article is devoted to the memory of First World War in modern Russia. The author points to the dependence of public discourse of approaches developed in prerevolutionary and Soviet times, as well as «memory communities », emerged in 1990­ . The determining factor is structuring of this issue by patriotic and media discourses, as well as by current political events (crisis in Ukraine and pressure upon the political opposition). Patriotic discourse forges symbolic national unity by offering a common frame of interpretation and aims at establishing affective relationship to the past (feeling of pride for heroic deeds and achievements), while the choice of heroes and victories to be proud of in the symbolic space is left at the discretion of some community organisations.
La Première Guerre mondiale dans les manuels russes
Authors: Samartseva Elena
Published: January 2023

First World War in Modern Russian History Textbooks.

The paper investigates the way World War I is dealt with in Russian universities and schools. It reviews schoolbooks and university textbooks written by V. V. Artemov and Y. N. Lubchenkov, V. V. Fortunatov, D. I. Oleynikov, A. S. Orlov and others, some of which may be accessed online. Other ways of getting knowledge about World War I events are lectures, as well as various workshop teaching tools such as discussing feature or documentary films, or studying authentic supports, such as letters and memoirs. Also some questionnaires are used in order to assess the knowledge about WWI. In these commemoration years many students become aware of insufficient knowledge about such an important subject. Many gaps in WWI history studies are yet to be filled.
De la confrontation à la coopération et à la prise d'influence : la politique de l'Eglise orthodoxe russe en Europe occidentales (2000-2010)
Authors: Mitrokhin Nikolaj
Published: January 2023

From confrontation to cooperation and influence : politics of Russian Orthodox Church in Western Europe since the 2000s.

The article examines the development of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) in Europe since the early 2000s. After a brief historical overview , the author the ROC’s change of policy from the middle of the 2000s as it began to a rapprochement with the European Christian churches and be increasingly in the European Union. The reasons for this change are multiple, from the of the head of the Catholic Church, to growth of " Orthodox tourism ", to the emigration from the former Soviet Union that increased the number and size Orthodox parishes, and helped the ROC to a victory over other Russian Orthodox in Western Europe. This expansion has been supported by logistical and aid of the Russian State, which envisages the ROC as one of its soft power The desire to play an active political role in Europe prompts the ROC to seek with mainstream European Christian churches. However, due to differences over their respective views on the role of religion in society, the ROC is often forced to ally itself with ultra­conservative movements and political forces.
Polyphonie linguistique en Ukraine
Authors: Polovynko Olena
Published: January 2023

Language Polyphony in Ukraine.

The article focuses on the place of Russian in the linguistic landscape of contemporary Ukraine. 25 years ago, when Ukraine declared its independence, the Ukrainian got the status of the only one official language. Today, according to surveys, a large portion of the population expresses its desire to speak Ukrainian, this desire is being fueled by the ongoing events of the last two years. Nevertheless, in many regions of Ukraine, Russian remains the predominant language used by their inhabitants, and the second used form of communication, is not the official title language, but the surzhyk. The presence of this Ukrainian­Russian mixed language does not allow the language situation in Ukraine to be classified as neither bilingualism nor diglossia, conducting us to speak about a “ language polyphony ”.
Les francs-maçons russes, la pensée de contrôle et la naissance de la réflexivité moderne
Authors: Subbotina Galina
Published: January 2023

The reflexivity is a relatively recent phenomenon in Western civilization , and its theoretical understanding is still causing discussions . Regardless of what methodological framework is chosen to study the rise and development of modern selfreflexivity in Russia , it provokes many questions because the most important phases of its evolution in Europe (the Renaissance , the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment ) are absent or exist in metamorphosed forms in the history of Russian culture . Thus the analysis of the correspondence of Russian Freemasons in the late eighteenth century brings a new vision of the process . In the secret society , the important idea of self­control contributed to the development of introspection . But if the sense of inwardness is present in Russian literature during this period , the traditional forms of self­reflection have retained strong influence as well . While Rousseau ’ s Confessions reflect the emergence of subjectivity in modern Europe , a great number of obstacles hinder the transition from the ancient to the modern paradigm of selfhood in Russia.