bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness, accessibility and utilization of mental health care services among youths in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors:   Senior lecturer, University of Lagos, Ahimie Bukola
Published: April 2023

Mental health diseases or illnesses in all human beings especially youths in the prime of their lives, are crucial and worthy of attention. This is a crucial epidemiology that should be of prime concern because mental health issues among youths appear to be increasing. This paper seeks to investigate the level of awareness, accessibility and utilization of mental health services (provided by professional counsellors) among working class youths in Lagos state. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study with a random sample of 613 comprising 464 female and 149 male young workers. A questionnaire constructed by the researcher was used to gather data from respondents. Three research questions were raised and four hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data gathered were analyzed and presented using figures, simple percentages, frequency tables and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed that 96.2% of respondents are aware of mental health services, 64.2% have access to mental health service, however 26.4% actually utilize mental health services from professional counsellors. A significant gender difference was observed in the level of awareness and utilization of mental health services. There is also a significant difference in the level of awareness and utilization of mental health services due to age of respondents. Recommendations include the introduction of courses into junior school curriculum for early exposure of young people to signs and symptoms mental health problems. To also expose them to the importance of seeking assistance from professional counsellors who are trained to render such assistance.
Effects of Computer Game-Based Teaching Strategy on Junior Secondary Schools Computer Studies Students’ Retention Abilities and Gender in Rivers State
Authors:   Assistant Lecturer, Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State – Nigeria, Ngbarabara Prince Boniface
Published: April 2023

The study investigated the effects of computer game-based teaching strategy on Computer Studies students’ retention abilities and gender in junior secondary schools. Two research questions guided the study while three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at .05 level of significance. The quasi-experimental research design was adopted for the study. A total of 2,162 students of public junior secondary schools in Ogba Education Zone made up the population of the study. 380 students from 4 intact classes were sampled using the census sampling technique. A structured 30-item validated Computer Studies Retention Test (CSRT) was used for data collection. Three experts validated the instrument and an overall reliability index of .73 was obtained using Kuder-Richardson20. Data related to the research questions were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) statistics was used to test the null hypotheses. The finding revealed that students taught Computer Studies using game-based teaching strategy have higher retention ability scores than those taught with the expository method. The study also revealed that female students had higher retention ability scores than the male students taught Computer Studies using computer game-based strategy. This implied that the female students benefited from the use of computer game-based strategy than their male counterparts. It was concluded that using game-based teaching strategy is effective in improving students’ retention abilities in Computer Studies. It was therefore, recommended that Computer Studies teachers should adopt and utilize the computer game-based teaching strategy as a teaching pedagogy in junior secondary schools. This is because, the strategy facilitated the attainment of higher retention abilities in students, among others.
Lugares de encuentro. Una visita a pueblos mexicanos
Authors: Alvarado Rosas Concepción , Babini Baan Andrea , Gullén Manuela , Méndez Sainz Eloy , Rojo Quintero Servando , Velázquez García Mario Alberto
Published: April 2023

Pueblo Mágico es una marca turística de reciente creación. Desde 2001 se ha implementado en México el Programa Pueblos Mágicos (PPM). Ya en 2014 se convirtió en proyecto turístico prioritario a implementar en 83 pueblos, desde la perspectiva del desarrollo local en el contexto global. El discurso oficial presenta un enfoque novedoso, ya que propone revalorar el imaginario colectivo de nación ubicado en pueblos de la periferia de sistemas urbanos regionales.
Es una ambiciosa iniciativa que enlazaría el aprovechamiento de los recursos locales para posicionarse en los circuitos de la economía internacional. El ppm está dirigido a valorar escenarios típicos aún distanciados de la voracidad comercial, por lo que los rasgos de autenticidad prevalecen fuera de los cartabones del simulacro cultural. Por esto, es relevante conocer la experiencia, calibrar aciertos programáticos, registrar tendencias de nuevo cuño ligadas a la innovación de formas de consumo, evaluar los mecanismos de integración de los actores de ciudades pequeñas que fluctúan en torno a los 10,000 habitantes.
El PPM acota un ámbito de intervenciones públicas dirigidas a dotar de la infraestructura urbana local a la prestación de servicios turísticos. Es la línea de acción de una estrategia de desarrollo fincada en el turismo, en la expectativa de lograr un efecto transversal en la dinamización de diversas actividades económicas, cuya singularidad radica en atender un eslabón débil de la cadena turística establecida: pueblos ubicados al margen de los centros de gran turismo o sólo dotados del equipamiento necesario para la demanda de visitantes en la periferia de su región. Según la categoría mágico, tales pueblos reúnen en áreas reducidas las virtudes culturales de “lo mexicano”: comida, paisaje, historia, mitos, leyendas, arquitectura
patrimonial y tejido social, preservado en los anclajes rurales y artesanos.
ỨNG DỤNG XÉT NGHIỆM HPIA ĐỂ PHÁT HIỆN KHÁNG THỂ KHÁNG YẾU TỐ TIỂU CẦU 4 Ở BỆNH NHÂN SAU TIÊM VACXIN PHÒNG COVID 19
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Tuyết Mai , Dương Hải Yến , Vũ Minh Phương
Published: April 2023

Mục tiêu:  Mô tả các thông số kỹ thuật của xét nghiệm HPIA (Heparin - PF4 Immuno Assay) trong phát hiện kháng thể kháng yếu tố tiểu cầu 4 (PF4).

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang các thông số xét nghiệm HPIA trên 35 bệnh nhân có biểu hiện lâm sàng nghi ngờ VITT tại bệnh viện Bạch Mai năm 2021.

Kết quả nghiên cứu: Mật độ quang giếng “blank” trung bình là 0,041±0,004 nằm trong khuyến cáo của nhà sản xuất là dưới 0,06; mật độ quang R6 mỗi lần xét nghiệm đều nằm trong giải khuyến cáo của nhà sản xuất; chứng R7a và R7b đều cho kết quả âm tính và dương tính phù hợp với giá trị chứng âm, chứng dương. Mật độ quang trung bình của nhóm có xét nghiệm HPIA dương tính và âm tính khác nhau có ý nghĩa thống kê với p < 0,05. Xét nghiệm HPIA phát hiện được kháng thể kháng PF4 ở cả bệnh nhân HIT (heparin induced thrombocytopenia) và VITT (vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia).

Kết luận: Xét nghiệm HPIA được tiến hành trên bệnh nhân nghi ngờ VITT tại bệnh viện Bạch Mai đáp ứng các yêu cầu về kỹ thuật thực hiện xét nghiệm.

Từ khóa: kháng thể PF4, xét nghiệm HPIA, VITT
GIÁ TRỊ CỦA THANG ĐIỂM BISAP TRONG TIÊN LƯỢNG MỨC ĐỘ NẶNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM TỤY CẤP ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN QUÂN Y 175
Authors: Đỗ Thanh Tùng , Trần Minh Tuấn , Trần Hà Hiếu , Phạm Thị Thảo , Hoàng Anh Dũng
Published: April 2023

TÓM TẮT: Mục tiêu: Khảo sát một số đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và xác định giá trị tiên lượng mức độ nặng của thang điểm BISAP ở bệnh nhân viêm tụy cấp điều trị tại Bệnh viện Quân y 175. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Hồi cứu kết hợp tiến cứu, mô tả cắt ngang 108 bệnh nhân viêm tụy cấp, điều trị tại bệnh viện Quân y 175 trong thời gian từ tháng 1/2021 đến tháng 8/2022. Kết quả: Về đặc điểm lâm sàng – cận lâm sàng, Đau bụng cấp gặp ở 100% bệnh nhân, buồn nôn, nôn (77,77%), bụng chướng và bí trung đại tiện chiếm lần lượt 59,26%, và 30,56. Nồng độ Lipase huyết tương tăng cao với giá trị trung bình là 1483,65 ± 1646,04 U/L trong đó 92,59% bệnh nhân tăng nồng độ Lipase ở ngưỡng chẩn đoán. Phân độ Balthazar E, D, và C chiếm lần lượt 46,30%, 40,74% và 12,96%. Mức độ nặng VTC theo điểm BISAP: mức độ nhẹ chiếm tỉ lệ cao (83,33%), mức độ nặng chiếm tỉ lệ thấp hơn (16,67%). Điểm BISAP có khả năng tiên lượng mức độ nặng theo Atlanta 2012 (OR =22,8, p < 0,05), với diện tích dưới đường cong AUC = 0,69, p < 0.05. Với giá trị cut-off = 2.59, điểm BISAP có độ nhạy 0,72, độ đặc hiệu 0,89. Kết luận: Viêm tụy cấp có triệu chứng điển hình là đau bụng cấp, buồn nôn – nôn, bí trung đại tiện; nồng độ lipase huyết tương tăng cao và có phân độ Balthazar E, Balthazar D là chủ yếu. Đa số bệnh nhân viêm tụy cấp mức độ nhẹ; điểm BISAP có mối liên quan và có khả năng tiên lượng mức độ nặng viêm tụy cấp theo Atlanta 2012.
ICT Skills of Postgraduate Student Teachers at Bishop Stuart University
Authors: Twebaze Richard
Published: April 2023

This paper was based on a study carried out among 50 Post- Graduate student teachers pursuing a Masters or Post Graduate diploma course in Education. The findings showed that 76% of the participants rated their ICT skills as either low or moderate. While the majority rated themselves highly on word processing, the majority had little or no knowledge on the use of ICT to analyse research data. It is recommended that universities should include a compulsory course unit on research data analysis using ICT. It is further recommended that serving teachers should be given in-service training courses to enable them improve their ICT skills in order to meet the demands of the 21st century.
Biocarvão de bucha de dendê (palma de óleo) na produção de mudas de cupuaçu
Authors: Matias Maria Iraildes de Almeida Silva , Santos Martins Batista dos , Gonzaga Maria Isidória Silva , Freitas Romulo Magno Oliveira de , Neves Izaclaudia Santana das , Jesus Micheline Santos de
Published: April 2023

O biocarvão vem sendo utilizado como condicionador de solo e como alternativa para o aproveitamento de resíduos da agricultura. A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar o potencial do biocarvão de bucha de dendê, no desenvolvimento de mudas de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum.) e suas interferências na química do solo. O experimento foi instalado em viveiro de mudas no IF Baiano, Campus Valença. O biocarvão foi caracterizado para matéria volátil, cinzas, carbono fixo, concentrações disponíveis de P e K. Após a caracterização do biocarvão, foi instalado experimento para produção de mudas de cupuaçu. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos (doses de biocarvão: T1 - 0; T2 – equivalente 20 t ha-1, T3 – equivalente a 40 t ha-1 e T4 - equivalente a 60 t ha-1) e dez repetições. Foram avaliados parâmetros de qualidade de mudas e de fertilidade do solo. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o biocarvão apresentou elevado percentual de carbono fixo, baixo teor de cinzas e altos teores de K e P. Quando aplicado ao solo, observou-se elevação de P, K, Mg, pH, e valor V (%). As doses de 20 e 40 t ha-1 mostraram-se mais adequadas para a produção de mudas de cupuaçu, o que foi demostrado nos parâmetros de crescimento de planta. Esses resultados indicam que o biocarvão da bucha de dendê apresenta elevado potencial para utilização na produção de mudas de cupuaçu, sendo, dessa forma, promissor na resolução do problema ambiental, causado pela deposição indevida da bucha no ambiente, através de sua utilização como biocarvão.
Limnoperna fortunei: impactos e medidas de controle no abastecimento de água no sertão alagoano
Authors: Santos Ana Maria Edivia Silva dos , Souza Ronny Francisco Marques de
Published: April 2023

O mexilhão-dourado (Limnoperna fortunei, Dunker, 1857) é uma espécie invasora originária da China que possui a impressionante habilidade de aderir aos mais diversos substratos artificiais construídos pelo homem formando macroaglomerados capazes de obstruir sistemas de passagem, resfriamento, filtragem e captação de água bruta. Por seu sucesso em colonizar estruturas artificiais vem desde da década de 90 causando impactos sem precedentes no Brasil em setores que desenvolvem atividades econômicas relacionadas ao uso da água. Nos sistemas de captação e adução de água bruta da Companhia de Saneamento de Alagoas - CASAL, no Sertão do Estado, vem causando obstruções e paradas desde sua chegada a região do baixo São Francisco tendo seu primeiro registro nas tubulações dos sistemas de abastecimento público de Barragem Leste no município de Delmiro Gouveia e Xingó no município de Piranhas no ano de 2016. Durante o monitoramento da infestação nos mananciais de captação de água bruta foi possível observar aglomerados presos a substratos submersos, consolidados ou não, com densidade de 291 mil indivíduos/m2 distribuídos em tamanhos médios entre 11 a 20 mm de comprimento. As macroincrustações trouxeram a necessidade de novos serviços e manutenções de equipamentos e tubulações que gerou impactos financeiros a companhia em torno de 260 mil reais/ano, em valores do mercado local à época. Este trabalho relata as experiências obtidas nas ações de controle e monitoramento do mexilhão-dourado nas instalações da CASAL.
Qualidade do ar interno em veículos automotivos em termos de concentração de dióxido de carbono: estudo de caso na atividade do oficial de justiça e possíveis benefícios da tecnologia à saúde e ao meio ambiente
Authors: Zaidan Kátia da Fonseca Ramos , Cordeiro Luiz Filipe Alves , Santos Liliana Andréa dos , Silva Martorelli Dantas da
Published: April 2023

A qualidade do ar interno das cabines veiculares contém em suas características físicas e químicas a tendência a uma baixa renovação de ar em virtude do uso contínuo da climatização artificial. Assim, taxas de concentração de dióxido de carbono tendem a serem elevadas, o que pode causar prejuízos à saúde dos ocupantes corriqueiros do veículo. O Oficial de Justiça é o profissional do Poder Judiciário responsável pelo cumprimento de demandas processuais externas e atua se deslocando até os destinatários dessas ordens. Diante dessa rotina de acentuado uso do carro para fins profissionais, esta categoria de trabalhadores é exposta cotidianamente a elevados índices de poluentes veiculares internos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar a qualidade do ar interno da cabine veicular do Oficial de Justiça, no exercício de suas funções, no que se refere à concentração de dióxido de carbono. A metodologia empregada destaca o viés exploratório, por uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, vez que debruçou-se sobre aparato bibliográfico e documental para compreender a poluição ambiental emitida pelos automóveis e os riscos humanos e ambientais dela advindos, e também obteve resultados coletados de um questionário endereçado aos Oficiais de Justiça lotados no Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco, que buscou compreender a rotina veicular durante o andamento das diligência profissionais. Resultados obtidos sugerem que a detecção de CO2, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura na cabine veicular climatizada artificialmente aumenta a exposição do Oficial de Justiça a efeitos deletérios de índices elevados dos componentes mensurados durante suas atividades laborais. Os danos à saúde física desses servidores poderiam ser dirimidos pelo cumprimento de mandados eletrônicos, a exemplo do que ocorreu durante o expediente remoto dos anos 2020 e 2021.
Diagnóstico socioeconômico e ambiental do sistema de agricultura no assentamento do Cedro, Tartarugalzinho (AP)
Authors: Amorim Jean Rycarth Gonçalves , Miranda Zenaide Palheta
Published: April 2023

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar o diagnóstico socioeconômico e ambiental do sistema de agricultura no Assentamento do Cedro no município de Tartarugalzinho-AP. Foram entrevistados 72 agricultores familiares, as visitas ocorreram entre os meses de dezembro de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022, por meio de observação direta e aplicação de questionários semiestruturados, com perguntas que abordavam características do perfil socioeconômico das famílias, aspectos ambientais do assentamento e sobre os sistemas de produção, com o objetivo de averiguar o conhecimento dos moradores sobre as culturas cultivadas, modo de manejá-las, as práticas de uso do solo, utilizando um diário de bordo para anotações. Os dados coletados foram organizados e sistematizados em planilha, por meio da categorização dos mesmos, seguida pela análise estatística descritiva (Frequência Relativa (FR%) e Frequência Absoluta (FA), utilizando-se o Excel. O Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) foi utilizado para georreferenciamento das propriedades e foi realizado registro fotográfico das áreas visitadas. Para a identificação das espécies foi utilizada bibliografia especializada utilizando chaves de identificação contidas nos textos, para validação dos nomes científicos das espécies cultivadas. Os resultados revelaram que o índice de escolaridade dos agricultores é relativamente baixo, tendo a agricultura, o trabalho externo e benefícios sociais as principais fontes de renda. Foi observado que no Assentamento não existem serviços públicos de coleta de resíduos sólidos, abastecimento e tratamento de água. Existe preocupação por parte dos agricultores em resguardar e manter intactas as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e as Áreas de Reserva Legal (RL). O sistema de agricultura é caracterizado pela mão de obra familiar. As espécies agrícolas são produzidas em espaços como quintal e roça, destinados principalmente para o autoconsumo familiar, e venda do excedente aos principais programas governamentais de fomento à agricultura familiar, como o PAB e PNAE, que desempenha uma atribuição importante no complemento da renda familiar. Dentre as diversas culturas produzidas no quintal o coco (Cocos nucifera L.) é a espécie mais citada pelos agricultores, nas áreas de roçado e a macaxeira (Manihot esculenta Cif.). Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram visualizar as características sociais e ambientais das famílias assentadas, a variabilidade da renda e os tipos de sistemas de produção das culturas agrícolas empregada pelos agricultores familiares do Assentamento do Cedro.
Environmental management of the disposal of waste from orthopedic metallic explants in hospitals
Authors: Magri Micheli Patrícia de Fátima , Brito Rogério Benedito de , Ferreira Tales Alexandre Aversi
Published: April 2023

Metal explants from orthopedic surgical therapy are classified as solid waste with a potential risk for contamination. Objective: To analyze the literature on how environmental management occurs in hospitals through the disposal of waste from orthopedic metallic explants. Methodology: This research was an applied, practical, quantitative, experimental, exploratory, empirical, and cross-sectional study with the investigative objective of confirming the hypotheses. The research was carried out in all Brazilian States, in public and private hospitals considered as references for the treatment of orthopedics and traumatology. Three distinct groups were compared: Brazilian hospitals certified by ISO 14 001; hospitals with ONA accreditation with a level of excellence; and non-certified hospitals, using the inductive method. Main findings: The explants must be registered and controlled in order to be recycled, which is a step included in the health waste management plan (PGRSS). However, their final destination is a large-scale problem due to obstacles in law application created by economic issues. When it comes to the recycling of surgical explants, stainless steel can be completely reused, for instance. Main conclusions: In Brazil, there are limited data regarding the number of generators or the amount of waste produced from health services, and, additionally, explants are improperly discarded as sharps waste.
The Traditional Classification and Treatment of Illness on Woleai and Lamotrek in the Caroline Islands, Micronesia
Authors: Alkire William H.
Published: April 2023

Three classes of spirits are important in the domains of illness and curing— “malevolent” spirits that cause sickness, divination spirits that diagnose ailments, and “good” spirits that aid in curing. Diviners, medicine curers, and massage curers focus on different aspects of treatment. This compartmentalization of knowledge and an associated pattern of cross-referal means that patients frequently consult with all three types of specialists. This not only maximizes the chances for cure but minimizes the possibility of assigning blame for failed cures. The organizing principles emphasized in these domains include dualistic and quadripartite divisions, lineality, locality, and homologous associations.
Le créole et l’idéologie du Progrès. Le cas des Départements Français de la Caraïbe
Authors: Jolivet Marie-José
Published: April 2023

La situation départementale, que connaissent depuis 1947 les ex-colonies françaises de la Caraïbe (Martinique, Guadeloupe et Guyane), constitue le cadre significatif de la question du créole dans ces trois pays. Moteur de la « départementalisation », l’idéologie du « progrès » et ses deux supports institutionnels — l’Assistance et l’Éducation Nationale, qui favorisent respectivement l’accès à la consommation et à la « culture » (française) — conditionnent nécessairement le présent et le devenir du créole qui, vécus ou pensés dans la plus profonde ambivalence, se jouent en effet, tout comme la question générique de l’identité socioculturelle, à travers le rapport qu’ont au « progrès » les populations concernées.
Governmental Indian Policy, Administration, and Economic Planning in the Eastern Subarctic
Authors: Hedican Edward J.
Published: April 2023

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the effects of governmental administration and planning in northern Native communities. The effects are examined with reference to two community types — reserves, with their single-stranded ties to Ottawa’s Department of Indian Affairs, and non-reserve settlements, which have a diversity of outside contacts. It is argued that the limited external contacts characteristic of reserves impede local initiative and foster reliance on decisions made by Government personnel. By contrast, the non-reserve community is able to exercise greater local control because no single external agency is in a position to dominate local affairs. Lacking significant outside structures, leadership in the non-reserve community is able to pursue more autonomous and coherent local planning for economic change.
Problèmes de définition du chamanisme chez les Amérindiens de la côte Nord-Ouest, l’exemple des Tsimshian
Authors: Guédon Marie-Françoise
Published: April 2023

L’auteur expose ici un problème complexe, celui de la définition du chamanisme. Ce mot, d’origine toungouse, s’applique aujourd’hui indifféremment à plusieurs catégories religieuses. Prenant exemple sur les Tsimshian de la côte Nord-Ouest, l’auteur montre comment ce problème complexe doit être analysé de manière ponctuelle et structurée.
La violence : une réciprocité manquée?
Authors: Huyghe Bernard
Published: April 2023

Une réinterprétation originale du matériel ethnographique d’Alfred Gell sur les Umeda de Nouvelle-Guinée est offerte sur la base du modèle d’analyse sémantique développé par R. Devisch. Ceci permet certaines conclusions nouvelles quant au rôle et à la dimension structurale de la violence dans la socio-culture Umeda et au-delà. Il ressort qu’un modèle structuraliste dualiste de la société, comme celui de Mauss ou de Lévi-Strauss, ne peut rendre compte de l’apparition de la violence. Celle-ci est à considérer dans le cadre du développement extrême d’un ordre codifiant aussi la suprématie et l’autosuffisance masculine, telles qu’elles apparaissent dans le rite. Cette autonomie masculine représente une tentative paradoxale de médiation des oppositions fondamentales entre sexes et générations dans la société Umeda.
Historic Fertility Differentials in a Northern Athapaskan Community
Authors: Roth Eric Abella
Published: April 2023

Historic fertility differentials for the Kutchin Athapaskan population of Old Crow Village, Yukon Territory, were examined to determine the role of natural selection and random genetic drift on the contemporary gene pool. Cohort data were utilized to construct Crow’s Index of Natural Selection for nomadic and sedentary Kutchin time periods. Demographic and genetic information was combined to investigate drift with respect to: 1) the fate of a neutral allele, 2) decay of heterozygosity and, 3) the average half-life of a polymorph. Consideration of the population’s cultural history indicates that neither selection nor drift is the prime determinant of the present gene pool. Rather, reconstruction of historic genealogical relationships indicates the presence of a strong founder effect responsible for the genetic microdifferentiation attributed by earlier researchers to drift.
La masculinité guerrière : codage culturel ou structure psychique?
Authors: Huyghe Bernard
Published: April 2023

Dans un précédent article (Culture 11,2), l’auteur proposait un modèle structuraliste reliant suprématie masculine et violence, et pouvant s’appliquer à plusieurs cultures néo-guinéennes. Le présent texte pose le problème de la reproduction de ces structures culturelles. Se basant sur le matériel ethnographique de Herdt sur les Sambia, l’auteur propose une double interprétation structurale et psychanalytique des facteurs intervenant dans l’acquisition d’une identité sociale et individuelle de guerrier par le jeune Sambia. La perspective complémentariste permet une articulation pertinente entre ce codage culturel, et les niveaux individuels d’organisation psychique et d’identité. Cette double analyse permet de tirer quelques importantes conclusions quant à la nature de la violence guerrière, et de poser quelques jalons pour une recherche ultérieure.
The Need for A Cognitive Approach to The Study of Material Culture
Authors: Young David E.
Published: April 2023

Anthropologists have seldom attempted to bring the study of cognition, behavior, and material culture into a single framework. One way to do this is to view the individual as a cybernetic system in which energy and information circulate among mind, muscles, and the external world. This article reports on the tentative findings of a project which studies the production activities of individual artisans in an attempt to understand how cognitive structures are translated into behavior and how behavioral patterning is reflected in the morphology of artifacts. Implications for anthropological aesthetics and archaeology are examined.
Structure et émotion dans un rite kumaoni, Himalaya Central
Authors: Leavitt John
Published: April 2023

Cet article traite des modèles d’analyse rituelle dominants dans l’anthropologie contemporaine, tout en s’intéressant à la position que chacun d’eux confère à la vie affective. L’article est ensuite consacré à une analyse concrète des éléments conceptuels et affectifs de la métaphore centrale d’un rite de possession et de guérison pratiqué dans la région de Kumaon en Himalaya central. L’analyse montre que l’efficacité de cette métaphore réside dans l’articulation qu’elle permet d’établir entre un ensemble de concepts interdépendants et un ensemble d’émotions provenant de la vie quotidienne des Kumaonis. Cette analyse permet de montrer que, pour rendre compte de l’efficacité des rites, il faut tenir compte de l’affectivité.
Organizational Responses to Issues Concerning the Delegation of Authority in Situations Involving Public Participation
Authors: Goldenberg Sheldon
Published: April 2023

The delegation of authority presents ideological and structural problems for organizations implementing programmes of public participation. Two specific ideological fallacies are examined as these embody rationalizations for opposition to public involvement in decision-making and at most only the “mechanistic” incorporation of public participation bureaus within existing organizations. Since effective public participation requires a flexible organization that can respond quickly, directly and authoritatively in interaction with local resident groups, and mechanistic bureaucracies can do none of these, this organizational structuring guarantees the failure of public participation. It is therefore suggested that those organizations that wish to engage in meaningful and useful public participation programmes will have to alter their internal organizational structures in the direction of the “organic” type.
Structure et mouvement de population : la population blanche et rurale de l’île de Saint-Barthélemy, 1846-1857
Authors: Lavoie Y. , Mayer F.M. , Roy L. , Houle R. , Duquette M-T.
Published: April 2023

Les structures par âge et sexe d’une population résultent de son mouvement naturel et des mouvements migratoires. Grâce d’une part, à des modèles de population et d’autre part, à des mesures indirectes, on peut estimer en l’absence d’état-civil, le mouvement d’une population au travers des recensements. De l’analyse de quatre recensements réalisés entre 1846 et 1857 à Saint-Barthélemy, on a pu dégager les traits essentiels de la fécondité, de la mortalité et de la nuptialité de la population blanche rurale de l’île et faire apparaître les répercussions d’une grande crise de mortalité sur la composition par âge et sexe et sur d’autres paramètres démographiques.
Cultural Constructions of Demographic Inquiry: Experiences of an Expatriate Researcher in Tunisia
Authors: Beaujot Roderic
Published: April 2023

The average number of children per woman in Tunisia has declined from about seven in the mid 1960’s to about five in the early 1980’s, but the change has been slower over the last part of this period. In attempting to understand Tunisian society and its childbearing situation, we address questions of (1) sex roles, (2) conflicts over models of development and (3) tribal loyalties. The state has attempted to change sex roles, but there remain powerful traditional forces, especially from men, giving priority to women’s family roles. The conflict between Western and Islamic models of development implies that there is a wide element of ambivalence as people try to seek the advantages of both the small (Western) family and the large family corresponding to cultural traditions. For many, four children represent a type of compromise: “not too many, not too few”. Given the ways in which tribal loyalties become part of institutional dynamics, certain groups have come to perceive that Family Planning is acting not for them but for its own benefit. In the course of reconstructing these fertility dynamics, the author also stresses the experiences through which he learnt to situate the relevant issues.
Exploitation du milieu et subsistance au cours de la préhistoire ancienne de la Grèce
Authors: Rolland Nicolas
Published: April 2023

Les connaissances se rapportant aux activités vivrières en Grèce préhistorique sont examinées, depuis le paléolithique jusqu’à l’avènement de l’agriculture du néolithique. L’étude, selon une perspective diachronique, des modes de vie antéagricoles dans un pays ayant servi à la fois de refuge, lors des glaciations pléistocènes, et de lien entre l’Europe et l’Asie du sud-ouest, possède donc une importance théorique, malgré l’état limité de la documentation. Une attention particulière est accordée aux hypothèses concernant l’exploitation du milieu au cours du dernier pléniglaciaire et des phases d’adaptation postglaciaires.
Greeks and Victorians: A Re-Examination of Engels’ Theory of the Athenian Polis
Authors: Lee Richard B.
Published: April 2023

There is a paradox in Engels’ well-known theory of state formation contained inThe Origin of the Family Private Property and the State. The state in Engels’ view represented a triumph of a small elite of non-producers over the vast majority, and a world-historical defeat for the common people. Yet the Athenian state, Engels’ prime example, does not conform to the pattern: it becomes more “democratic” as the state evolves rather than less. The paper explores the way out of this dilemma, through an examination of the rise of the Athenian polis in light of the recent theory of the Early State put forward by Henri Claessen and Peter Skalnik. The analysis offers insight into the internal dynamic of early states and the role of kinship, and in the final section argues for the essential validity of Engels’ view.
Soviet Policy Toward Siberian Native People: Integration, Assimilation or Russification?
Authors: Bartels Dennis , Bartels Alice
Published: April 2023

During eight months in 1981-82, we collected data on the occupations, educational attainments, and ethnicity of 58 Siberian Native academics, professionals, and students, and their immediate family members. We have attempted to use our data, and the conclusions of other Soviet and Western researchers on Soviet nationalities policy, to determine whether the concepts of structural integration, cultural integration, assimilation and Russification, as sometimes used by North American social scientists. accurately characterize the results of Soviet policy toward Siberian Native People. It is argued that these concepts are inadequate for this task.
Evolutionism, Relativism and Putting Native People into Historical Context
Authors: Trigger Bruce G.
Published: April 2023

What is the relevance of the seemingly antithetical views of cultural evolutionism and cultural relativism for the study of native history ? Despite the important role of epidemic diseases in weakening the capacity of native people to oppose early European domination, the technological gap between the two groups of societies, together with associated differences in social organization and values, played a significant role in making European domination possible. Native cultures were not adapted to coping with European ones. Yet the human capacity for rational calculation was not affected by cultural differences. Native people, both as individuals and as groups, displayed no less ingenuity than did Europeans in responding to the challenge of cultural contact. Despite severe deprivation they have gradually articulated the knowledge and sense of direction required to compete for a fairer share of North America’s resources.
Inverted Archetypes: A Comparative Study of the Foundation Myths of two Southeast Moluccan Societies
Authors: Howes David
Published: April 2023

This essay describes the ways in which two eastern Indonesian societies move meaning in different directions so as to distinguish themselves from each other. An attempt is made to uncover the laws of this motion, and thus account for the particular form which each society takes. It is shown that the differences between the societies of the Kei and Tanimbar Islands may be enucleated in terms of the operation of a limited set of laws or principles of collective ideation, such as inversion, opposition and invagination.
Ethnostatus Distinctions in the Western Canadian Subarctic: Implications for Inter-Ethnic and Interpersonal Relations
Authors: Waldram James B.
Published: April 2023

Subarctic ethnologists have rarely considered the implications of legal Indian and treaty status in their examinations of inter-ethnic and interpersonal relations. Utilizing the concept of ethnostatus, the author argues that Native identity must be seen as the product of the interplay between both cultural and legal/treaty status factors. Ethnostatus identities present themselves differently in different social, economic and political contexts. Inter-ethnic and interpersonal relations, therefore, are only partially governed by cultural factors, and in certain contexts the legal status of the role players seems to be paramount. Examples from the ethnographic literature are presented to support this argument.
La consommation du maïs dans les fêtes religieuses aztèques
Authors: Lagacé Thérèse
Published: April 2023

À partir de l’étude des fêtes mensuelles offertes à leurs divinités, l’auteure examine les relations entre société, subsistance et idéologie chez les Aztèques du Mexique précolombien.
Our Authorial Authority
Authors: Paine Robert
Published: April 2023

This article moves from Sir James Frazer, through successive generations (British for the most part) of social anthropologists, and onto the post-modern present-day of James Clifford and Marilyn Strathern, among others, and to the place that an advocacy anthropology may have in it. It enquires, in each case, about (i) the nature of the “authority” which the anthropologist appropriates and (ii) strategies used to persuade and/or assuage readers of anthropology (among whom are included its subjects). It is, then, a commentary on the kind of issues brought to us most notably in Writing Culture (eds. Clifford and Marcus, 1986) and, in particular, on some changes in the presentation of the anthropological “self.”
Actes de parole, actes de silence
Authors: Galinier Jacques
Published: April 2023

La mythologie, les rituels carnavalesques et les croyances des Otomi du Mexique présentent une dialectique subtile entre parole et silence, vie et mort, mort et résurrection. Parler ou se taire sont des attributs de divers personnages incarnés par des hommes d’âges différents dans les croyances et les rites; ceux-ci aident à comprendre que parole et silence sont étroitement liés dans la représentation symbolique des relations entre les sexes et de la reproduction.
Shattered Nerves: Echoes of Greek Identity Resonating Through the Idiom of Nevra
Authors: Xenocostas Spyridoula
Published: April 2023

This article examines narratives onnevraas told by first generation Greek women in Montreal. It exploresnevraas an active expression and transformation of Greek ethnic identity. As an expressive form,nevragives voice to various cultural, social and economic pressures within the Greek immigrant context. At the same time, however, in acting as a mechanism of social adjustment to the complex and contradictory forces that impact the individual, the experience ofnevraassumes a transformative role in the manner in which ethnic and gender related identities are perceived and lived. In consciously manipulating the idiom ofnevraGreek immigrant women can critically reflect and modify the sources of their oppression. This form of "resistance" however, in the absence of any concrete empowerment strategies, does not permit them to overcome overwhelming social forces imposed by family, community and society, and does not significantïy transform constraints of both culture and gender.
Une coquille vide : une vision anthropologique sombre du développement non-viable du pacifique
Authors: M. Keesing Roger
Published: April 2023

Le développement à la mode occidentale a atteint les rivages des petites îles du Pacifique. En se servant de l’exemple des Iles Salomon, l’auteur évalue les impacts du développement sur le bien-être économique et social de ce petit pays. Il compare le modèle monolithique de développment à l’occidentale, basé sur l’exportation de ressources naturelles et de richesses, à une approche pleine de bon sens basée sur le savoir-faire et les qualifications locales et qui permettrait la mise en place d’une forme de développement à petite échelle mais durable.
Dénaturaliser l’avant-garde artistique et littéraire
Authors: Bordeleau-Pitre Émile
Published: April 2023

Après avoir exposé trois tendances qui apparaissent dans de nombreuses théorisations du concept d’avant-garde en arts et en littérature, soit la téléologie, la réification et le manichéisme, cette contribution met en lumière une perspective permettant de lire tant les antagonismes que les conformismes des objets dits d’avant-garde. Informé par la pensée de Colette Guillaumin, plus spécifiquement par sa réflexion sur le rapport majoritaire-minoritaires dans L’idéologie raciste, l’article propose trois pistes pour dénaturaliser l’interprétation du concept d’avant-garde : la minorisation, le contre-discours oppositionnel et l’utopisme.
Luttes des travailleuses domestiques et sexage. Le cas brésilien1
Authors: Ribeiro Corossacz Valeria
Published: April 2023

Cet article propose une analyse du travail domestique rémunéré en relation avec le sexage (Guillaumin, 1978), c’est-à-dire le rapport d’appropriation de la classe des femmes par la classe des hommes, en observant également comment ce rapport d’appropriation s’entrecroise avec l’oppression de classe et de race. L’article s’appuie sur les données recueillies lors d’une recherche anthropologique menée au Brésil entre 2013 et 2017, pendant laquelle j’ai interviewé des travailleuses domestiques et des activistes des Syndicats de travailleuses domestiques, dans leur grande majorité noires, d’origine indigène et de classe populaire.

Les conditions de travail, ainsi que les revendications des travailleuses domestiques, exposent un mécanisme crucial du sexage : le fait que les femmes ont le statut d’outil d’entretien, statut dont Guillaumin nous rappelle qu’il est constamment non reconnu. Leurs luttes et les obstacles rencontrés démontrent également comment cette appropriation des corps des femmes est traversée par le racisme et les inégalités de classe, en produisant des formes spécifiques d’oppression et des différences dans les conditions de vie des femmes.
LA VIOLENCE DU DÉNI MATERNEL ET SES EFFETS DANS LA CONSTRUCTION DU FÉMININ DES FILLES
Authors: Benzemma Sonia , Durif-Varembont Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2023

Dans certains contextes familiaux, il arrive qu’une fille victime devienne une mère violente sous la forme notamment d’une violence d’attitude de non-secours : le désaveu et l’aveuglement d’une mère vis-à-vis de sa propre fille répétant la victimisation constituent en effet pour nous une forme spécifique de violence qui affecte la construction du féminin, tout autant que la relation mère-fille. Nous le montrons à partir du cas d’Alice, 17 ans, suivi en psychothérapie par l’une de nous dans un service d’aide aux victimes, avec une analyse des conditions transférentielles qui lui ont permis de sortir de la répétition transgénérationnelle et de questionner son féminin.
Intégration de la réalité virtuelle dans une formation à distance en contexte de crise sanitaire : étude de l’hybridation d’un parcours de formation
Authors: Barbe Faustin , Boboc Anca
Published: April 2023

L’article s’intéresse à un nouvel outil pédagogique de formation, la réalité virtuelle, embarquée dans l’hybridation d’un parcours de formation, durant de la crise sanitaire. À partir d’une étude d’usage sur son introduction dans une formation pour la prise de parole en public, l’article interroge les conditions dans lesquelles la réalité virtuelle peut permettre aux salariés de se former, et ce dans un contexte de télétravail contraint. Il développe une double perspective : d’une part, autour du design capacitant, en s’appuyant sur les sciences de l’éducation et la sociologie des usages, et d’autre part, une approche sociologique autour des environnements capacitants.
Hybrider ou permettre de relier ?
Authors: Bluteau Marie
Published: April 2023

Le contexte sanitaire oblige à une mutation accélérée des formations qui rencontre un processus plus ancien de transformation, celui de l’hybridation. Cet article se propose d’ouvrir des pistes utiles aux ingénieries de dispositifs hybrides capacitants à partir de différentes recherches. Tout d’abord, nous explorons l’articulation entre dispositif et dispositions dans les processus des capabilités, puis, la notion d’hybridation en nous appuyant sur les ingénieries d’alternance intégrative et ses reliances. Enfin, pour une mise en perspective et en débats, nous proposons quelques pistes au service de ces ingénieries.
Various Approaches to Reduce Consequences of Pedestrian−Tram Front End Collision
Authors: Ježdík Roman , Kemka Vladislav , Kovanda Jan , Lopot František , Purš Hynek , Hájková Barbora
Published: April 2023

Safety of rail vehicles is an important feature of sustainable public transport. Proofs of an effort in that area are new recommendations and regulations from the expert commission (WG2 of the Technical Committee CEN / TC 256) regarding trams and light rail vehicles aimed at vulnerable road users. Additional requirements on tram safety can be requested by the vehicle operator and/or city. Pedestrian safety measures can be adopted from the automotive sector utilising the protection principles from Regulation EC No. 78/2009, ECE/UN regulations, and EuroNCAP tests. The purpose of this publication is to introduce a simplified testing method for the tram front end with respect to pedestrian head-on collisions. Testing methods based on segment impactors were generally accepted. The wrap-around distance defines the assessment of vehicle impact areas. A mathematical model was created to compare the results of the full-scale tests and the segment tests done by the standard and simplified aluminium head impactors. The tram front-end design can be tested using this alternate method, based on a simple impactor and easy methodology, providing an efficient tool to inspire both the tram manufacturers and vehicle operators to improve the vulnerable road users’ safety in city traffic.
A dynamic bactofilin cytoskeleton cooperates with an M23 endopeptidase to control bacterial morphogenesis
Authors: Pöhl Sebastian , Osorio-Valeriano Manuel , Cserti Emöke , Harberding Jannik , Hernandez-Tamayo Rogelio , Biboy Jacob , Sobetzko Patrick , Vollmer Waldemar , Graumann Peter L , Thanbichler Martin
Published: April 2023

Bactofilins have emerged as a widespread family of cytoskeletal proteins with important roles in bacterial morphogenesis, but their precise mode of action is still incompletely understood. In this study, we identify the bactofilin cytoskeleton as a key regulator of cell growth in the stalked budding alphaproteobacterium Hyphomonas neptunium. We show that, in this species, bactofilin polymers localize dynamically to the stalk base and the bud neck, with their absence leading to unconstrained growth of the stalk and bud compartments, indicating a central role in the spatial regulation of cell wall biosynthesis. Database searches reveal that bactofilin genes are often clustered with genes for cell wall hydrolases of the M23 peptidase family, suggesting a functional connection between these two types of proteins. In support of this notion, we find that the H. neptunium M23 peptidase homolog LmdC interacts directly with bactofilin in vitro and is required for proper cell shape in vivo. Complementary studies in the spiral-shaped alphaproteobacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum again reveal a close association of its bactofilin and LmdC homologs, which co-localize at the inner curve of the cell, modulating the degree of cell curvature. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that bactofilins and M23 peptidases form a conserved functional module that promotes local changes in the mode of cell wall biosynthesis, thereby driving cell shape determination in morphologically complex bacteria.