bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dioscorea polystachya 'yam gruel' on the cognitive function of diabetic rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the gut-brain axis
Authors: Pang Shuqin , Luo Zongting , Chunfeng Wang Carol , Hong Xuepei , Zhou Jian , Chen Fang , Ge Li , Li Xia , Dai Yanling , Wu Yilan , Zhang Jiahui
Published: July 2020

Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is closely related to hyperglycemia and gut microbiota imbalance, while gut microbiota contributes to the regulation of brain function through the gut-brain axis. Previous studies in patients with diabetes have found that 'yam gruel' is a classic medicated diet made from Dioscorea polystachya, increases the content of Bifidobacterium, regulates oxidative stress, and reduces fasting blood glucose levels. The research reported here investigated the effects of 'yam gruel' on the cognitive function of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and explored the mechanism underlying the role of the gut-brain axis in this process. 'Yam gruel' was shown to improve cognitive function as indicated by increased relative content of probiotic bacteria, and short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal tract and cerebral cortex reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and promotion of the expression of neurotransmitters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Thus, it is concluded that 'yam gruel' has a protective effect on cognitive function via a mechanism related to the gut-brain axis.
Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of Polygonum minus: a review of literature
Authors: Hamid Adila A , Aminuddin Amilia , Yunus Mohd Heikal Mohd , Murthy Jaya Kumar , Hui Chua Kien , Ugusman Azizah
Published: July 2020

Inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Natural products play an important role as nutritional supplements with potential health benefits in cardiovascular diseases. Polygonum minus (PM) is an aromatic plant that is widely used as a flavoring agent in cooking and has been recognized as a plant with various medicinal properties including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Phytoconstituents found in PM such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds contribute to the plant’s antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. We conducted this review to systematically identify articles related to the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of PM. A computerized database search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and ACS publication, from 1946 until May 2020, and the following keywords were used: ‘Kesum OR Polygonum minus OR Persicaria minor’ AND ‘inflammat* OR oxida* OR antioxida*’. A total of 125 articles were obtained. Another eight additional articles were identified through Google Scholar and review articles. Altogether, 17 articles were used for data extraction, comprising 16 articles on antioxidant and one article on anti-inflammatory activity of PM. These studies consist of 14 in vitro studies, one in vivo animal study, one combined in vitro and in vivo study and one combined in vitro and ex vivo study. All the studies reported that PM exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities which are most likely attributed to its high phenolic and flavonoid content.
Potential roles of GATA binding protein 5 in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Song Zhi-Peng , Yan Bo
Published: July 2020

It is known that functional defects of GATA binding protein 5 (GATA5), an important member of GATA transcription factor family, could cause multiple congenital defects. However, the mechanisms of this transcription factor in cardiovascular diseases are still little known. Finding a genetic approach should help with understanding the possible roles of GATA5 in different cardiovascular diseases and purpose it as a possible therapeutic agent. Hence, this review is divided into three chapters to summarize the roles and main regulatory mechanisms of GATA5 in hypertension, arrhythmia and congenital heart disease, respectively. In each chapter, this review firstly introduces the roles of GATA5 mutations, and then discusses the main regulatory mechanisms of GATA5 in the corresponding diseases (Such as the endothelial dysfunction signaling pathway in the chapter of hypertension, GATA5-NaV1.5 signaling pathway in the chapter of arrhythmia, GATA5-HEY2 and GATA5-Nodal signaling pathway in the chapter of congenital heart disease). Additionally, based on these regulatory networks, it is also speculated that abnormal methylation of the GATA5 gene promoter may lead to cardiovascular diseases such as congenital heart disease. This conjecture is proposed to enrich the regulatory networks of GATA5 and provide a theoretical basis for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Accelerated and intensified calcific atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Fakhry Meer , Sidhu Mandeep S. , Bangalore Sripal , Mathew Roy O.
Published: July 2020

Cardiovascular disease, and in particular coronary artery disease (CAD), remains an important contributor of morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Classic symptomatology of CAD and effectiveness of established therapeutic measures is less frequent in patients with CKD. This suggests unique characteristics of CAD among patients with CKD. Two important features of CAD in CKD include increased calcific density of atherosclerotic plaques and of the vessels themselves (coronary artery calcification -- CAC), as well as a decrease in microcirculatory function -- or coronary microcirculatory dysfunction. A multitude of pathophysiologic pathways have been identified that contribute to CAC in CKD; less is known about the pathophysiology of microcirculatory dysfunction. It is not well established if these two processes are directly related to each other, but the combination results in a greater severity of effect on overall myocardial function and may in part explain the greater preponderance of silent myocardial infarction. Further investigation is needed to better understand these unique aspects of CAD in CKD as well as the role they play in overall CVD in this group, and ultimately therapeutics that may lessen the burden of disease.
PENGENALAN MANAJEMEN INVESTASI DAN PASAR MODAL BAGI SISWA/I DAN GURU AKUNTANSI SMK BINTANG NUSANTARA
Authors: Septiani Dwi , Lilis Karlina Adi Martono, Ferdiansyah,
Published: July 2020

Memperkenalkan kepada siswa/i dan guru akuntansi SMK Bintang Nusantara perihal manajemen investasi dan pasar modal. Menanamkan perihal pentingnya berinvestasi sejak dini.
Analisis kohesi dan koherensi pada teks prosedur, Teks cerpen, teks lingkungan hidup dan kemungkinan pembelajaran disekolah
Authors: Agustina Huteri Dea
Published: July 2020

Menurut Poerwadarminta ( dalam Buryadi 1976:1144) Kata wacana berasal dari kata vacana ‘bacaan’ dalam bahasa sanskerta. Kata vacana itu kemudian masuk kedalam bahasa jawa baru kemudian diserap kedalam bahasa indonesia wacana ‘ucapan, percakapan, kuliah. Kata wacana dalam bahasa Indonesia dipakai sebagai padanan atau terjemahan, kata discourse dalam bahasa Inggris. Secara etimologis kata discourse itu berasal dari bahasa latin discursus ‘ lari kian ke mari’. Baryadi. P (2002).Pada Analisiss wacana mengenai kohesi dan koherensi telah dilakukan menelitian terdahulu sebagai berikut, menurut Arista (2012), kohesi adalah keserasian hubungan anatara unsur yang satu dan unsur yang lain dalam wacana, koherensi merupakan pertalian semantis antara unsur yang satu dan unsur lainnya dalam wacana. Menurut (Yeti Diyan, 2012), hubungan yang ditandai suatu bentuk lingual yang dampak disebut kohesi. Hubungan yang diwujudkan melalui hubungan makna disebut koherensi. Menurut Fina (dalam Zaimar & Harapan 2015:19), kohesi merupakan keterkaitan unsur-unsur lahiriah suatu teks, misalnya kata-kata yang kita lihat atau saling berkaitan dalam suatu sekuen. Menurut Goziyah (dalam Alwi 2003:427), kohesi merupakan hubungan perkaitan antar proposisi yang dinyatakan secara eksplisit oleh unsur-unsur gramatikal dan semantik dalam kalimat-kalimat yang membentuk wacana, koherensi merupakan hubungan perkaitan antarproposisi.
Holographic conformal screen entanglement and focusing.ver 4
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: July 2020

Holographic conformal screen entanglement and focusing
Pengaruh Kesehatan Mental, Keaktifan Berorganisasi dan Prestasi AkademikTerhadap Tingkat Pemahaman Moderasi Beragama
Authors: HERIANTO H.
Published: July 2020

This research is quantitative research with the design of research hypothesis testing studies aimed at analyzing, describing, and obtaining empirical evidence of a pattern of relations between two or more variables, both correlational (correlation), causality and comparatively (comparative). This research aims to seek direct influence and indirect influence between mental health, active organization and academic achievement of students (independent variables) with the level of understanding of religious moderation (variable dependent). Samples in the study of 86 people. The method of collecting data used for mental health variables is to use a validated mental efficiency test from an official institution/hospital/a credible psychologist. While the learning achievement variables are taken from the student learning documentation. The active variables of the organization and the level of understanding of religious moderation are the poll methods. The poll used is a closed poll that has provided the answer. Test the significance of the influence of variables independent of the dependent variables simultaneously using the F test and partially using the T test.
العلاج النفسي هل المعالجة النفسية ما نسميها "معالجة نفسية"!
Authors: Rudwan Samer Jamil
Published: June 2020

"تحدد النظرية ما نستطيع ملاحظته".ذلك ما استنتجه اينشتاين قبل خمسين سنة. وتنطبق هذه المقولة على علم النفس أيضا: فالفرضيات حول طبيعة الانسان وطبيعة التحول التي تقوم عليها كل مدرسة من مدارس العلاج النفسي تحدد، ما الذي يعتبر عمليا ممكنا أو غير ممكن (ومن ثم خطأ) في مجموعة مفاهيمها الخاصة.يبحث هذا المقال العواقب العملية لهذه الفرضية من وجهة نظر البنيوية الحديثة.
Opinions can be incorrect! In our opinion: on data protection law’s accuracy principle
Authors: Zuiderveen Borgesius Frederik , Hallinan Dara
Published: June 2020

The GDPR contains an accuracy principle, as most data privacy laws in the world do. In principle, data controllers must ensure the personal data they process are accurate. Some have argued that the accuracy principle does not apply to personal data in the form of opinions about data subjects. We argue, however, from a positive law perspective, that the accuracy principle does apply to opinions. We further suggest, from a normative perspective, that the accuracy principle should apply to opinions.
Algorithmic decision-making, price discrimination, and European non-discrimination law
Authors: Borgesius Frederik Zuiderveen
Published: June 2020

Our society can benefit immensely from algorithmic decision-making and similar types of artificial intelligence. But algorithmic decision-making can also have discriminatory effects. This paper examines that problem, using online price differentiation as an example of algorithmic decision-making. With online price differentiation, a company charges different people different prices for identical products, based on information the company has about those people. The main question in this paper is: to what extent can non-discrimination law protect people against online price differentiation? The paper shows that online price differentiation and algorithmic decision-making could lead to indirect discrimination, for instance harming people with a certain ethnicity. Indirect discrimination occurs when a practice is neutral at first glance, but ends up discriminating against people with a protected characteristic, such as ethnicity. In principle, non-discrimination law prohibits indirect discrimination. The paper also shows, however, that non-discrimination law has flaws when applied to algorithmic decision-making. For instance, algorithmic discrimination can remain hidden: people may not realise that they are being discriminated against. And many types of unfair – some might say discriminatory – algorithmic decisions are outside the scope of current non-discrimination law.
Credo’s Interactive FYE Guide: Practices for Enhancing Instruction
Authors: Pun Raymond
Published: July 2020

This FYE guide offers 5 chapters that cover first year experiences: orientation, collaboration, information literacy, assessment and student engagement.
Media Consumption and Mental Health during COVID-19 lockdown: A UK Cross-sectional study across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern
Authors: Neill Ruth , Blair Carolyn , Best Paul , McGlinchey Emily , Armour Cherie
Published: July 2020

As individuals adjust to new ‘norms’ and ways of living during the COVID-19 lockdown, there is a continuing need for up-to-date information and guidance. This has elevated the importance of media channels, such as social media and traditional media. Evidence suggests that frequent media exposure is related to a higher prevalence of mental health problems, especially anxiety and depression. The aim of this study is to determine whether COVID-19 related media consumption is associated with changes in mental health outcomes. This paper presents baseline data from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between COVID-19 media exposure and increases in anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9). The study suggested that media usage is statistically significantly associated with anxiety and depression on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales with excessive media exposure related to higher anxiety and depression scores.
Temporal Discounting Across Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Seaman Kendra Leigh , Abiodun Sade J , Fenn Zöe , Samanez-Larkin Gregory Russell , Mata Rui
Published: July 2020

A number of developmental theories have been proposed that make differential predictions about the links between age and temporal discounting, or the devaluation of future rewards. Most empirical studies examining adult age differences in temporal discounting have relied on economic intertemporal choice tasks, which pit choosing a smaller, sooner monetary reward against choosing a larger, later one. Although initial studies using these tasks suggested older adults discount less than younger adults, follow-up studies provided heterogeneous, and thus inconclusive, results. Using an open science approach, we test the replicability of adult age differences in temporal discounting by conducting a preregistered systematic literature search and meta-analysis of adult age differences in intertemporal choice tasks. Across 37 cross-sectional studies (Total N = 104,737), a planned meta-analysis found no sizeable relation between age and temporal discounting (r = -0.068, 95% CI [-0.170, 0.035]). We also found little evidence of publication bias or p-hacking. Exploratory analyses of moderators found no effect of research design (e.g., extreme-group vs. continuous age), incentives (hypothetical vs. real rewards), duration of delay (e.g., days, weeks, months, or years), or quantification of discounting behavior (e.g., proportion of immediate choices vs. parameters from computational modeling). Additional analyses of 12 participant-level data sets found little support for a nonlinear relation between age and temporal discounting across adulthood. Overall, the results suggest that younger, middle-aged, and older adults show similar preferences for smaller, sooner over larger, later rewards. We provide recommendations for future empirical work on temporal discounting across the adult life span.
Effect of visual imagery on false memories in DRM and Misinformation paradigms
Authors: ROBIN Frédérique , MENETRIER Emmanuelle , Beffara Bret Brice
Published: June 2020

This study is an extension of recent research, which examined the possibility that false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm predict the occurrence of false memories in misinformation paradigm. The purpose was to determine in which extent an imaging instruction reduces false memories in DRM and Misinformation paradigms. A sample of young adults was assigned to the DRM or the misinformation tasks, either in control conditions or in conditions including an imaging instruction. Findings confirm that an imaging instruction decreases false memories in DRM whereas it is not possible to conclude about such a reduction in the misinformation task. Overall, this pilot study suggests that the nature of the stimuli in each paradigm gives rise to quality differences in encoding processes, which in turn have consequences on the monitoring process at retrieval, leading to a weaker misinformation effect than DRM false recognition. In conclusion, while one has argued that the monitoring process is common to both paradigms, false memories in the DRM paradigm would be based on semantic association of words that is, on activation processes in semantic memory, whereas misinformation would rather rely on recollection process in episodic memory. Nevertheless, this hypothesis should be specifically tested in further experiments.
Balancing exploration and exploitation with information and randomization
Authors: Wilson Robert C , Bonawitz Elizabeth , Costa Vincent , Ebitz Becket
Published: July 2020

Explore-exploit decisions require us to trade off the benefits of exploring unknown options to learn more about them, with exploiting known options, for immediate reward. Such decisions are ubiquitous in nature, but from a computational perspective, they are notoriously hard. There is therefore much interest in how humans and animals make these decisions and recently there has been an explosion of research in this area. Here we provide a biased and incomplete snapshot of this field focusing on the major finding that many organisms use two distinct strategies to solve the explore-exploit dilemma: a bias for information (`directed exploration') and the randomization of choice (`random exploration'). We review evidence for the existence of these strategies, their computational properties, their neural implementations, as well as how directed and random exploration vary over the lifespan. We conclude by highlighting open questions in this field that are ripe to both explore and exploit.
OnPoint: A package for online experiments in motor control and motor learning
Authors: Tsay Jonathan Sanching , Lee Alan S. , Avraham Guy , Parvin Darius E. , Ho Jeremy , Boggess Matthew , Woo Riley , Nakayama Ken , Ivry Richard
Published: July 2020

Motor learning experiments are typically run in-person, exploiting finely calibrated setups (digitizing tablets, robotic manipulandum, full VR displays) that provide high temporal and spatial resolution. However, these experiments come at a cost, not limited to the one-time expense of purchasing equipment but also the substantial time devoted to recruiting participants and administering the experiment. Moreover, exceptional circumstances that limit in-person testing, such as a global pandemic, may halt research progress. These limitations of in-person motor learning research have motivated the design of OnPoint, an open-source software package for motor control and motor learning researchers. As with all online studies, OnPoint offers an opportunity to conduct large-N motor learning studies, with potential applications to do faster pilot testing, replicate previous findings, and conduct longitudinal studies (GitHub repository: https://github.com/alan-s-lee/OnPoint).
Optimizing Practice Scheduling Requires Quantitative Tracking of Individual Item Performance
Authors: Eglington Luke Glenn , Pavlik Philip I.
Published: July 2020

Decades of research has shown that spacing practice trials over time can improve later memory, but there are few concrete recommendations concerning how to optimally space practice. We show that existing recommendations are inherently suboptimal due to their insensitivity to time costs and individual- and item-level differences. We introduce an alternative approach that optimally schedules practice with a computational model of spacing in tandem with microeconomic principles. We simulated conventional spacing schedules and our adaptive model-based approach. Simulations indicated that practicing according to microeconomic principles of efficiency resulted in substantially better memory retention than alternatives. The simulation results provided quantitative estimates of optimal difficulty that differed markedly from prior recommendations, but still supported a desirable difficulties framework. Experimental results supported simulation predictions, with up to 40% more items recalled in conditions where practice was scheduled optimally according to the model of practice. Our approach can be readily implemented in online educational systems that adaptively schedule practice, and has significant implications for millions of students currently learning with educational technology.
Locomotor Illusions Can Arise from Perceiving Multisensory Stimuli Configuring into a Sensorimotor Body-Environment Structure
Authors: Dobricki Martin , Weibel David , Angelini Leonardo , Mugellini Elena , Mast Fred
Published: July 2020

Walking through an environment involves perceiving one’s walking body and its environment relative to each other. The sensation of placing one foot in front of the other may therefore arise from sensory stimuli configuring into the structure of a body perambulating an environment. Sensory stimuli constituting such a locomotor structure may accordingly bear the potential to induce in seated individuals the locomotor illusion of walking through an environment. To date, this was not investigated. Here, we have therefore exposed sixteen seated human subjects in a life-sized virtual environment to visual and tactile stimuli that configured either into the structure of a body perambulating an environment or into a control structure. Our subjects experienced locomotor illusions exclusively when the visuo-tactile stimuli configured into the «body-perambulating-environment» structure. This suggests that the locomotor illusion of walking through an environment can arise in seated individuals from perceiving sensory stimuli configuring into such a sensorimotor body-environment structure.
Integrating actor dynamics with land use cellular automata for modelling climate and environmental policy implementation at regional level
Authors: Kovalevsky Dmitry V. , Hewitt Richard J
Published: July 2020

Successful implementation of environmental policies, including climate adaptation and mitigation policies, requires careful consideration of regional and local conditions. Consequently, there is growing understanding that regional models are needed to support climate and environmental policy making. Such models need to take into account the dynamics of geographical space as well as historic and expected future land use change patterns. One relevant geographical modelling approach is based on cellular automata (CA) which has a prominent track record of successful application to a diverse range of geographical problems. Traditionally, CA models are calibrated to reproduce the footprint of actor decision-making manifested in historical land use dynamics, and then projected forward to explore the effect of the observed dynamics on future periods. However, this is a poor representation of the way the world actually works, since policy decisions reflect current needs and priorities, not historic ones. Such a model cannot help us understand how decision-making actors might respond spontaneously to emerging land use outcomes. For these reasons, we believe there is considerable scope for existing CA-based geographical models to be improved by introducing realistic representations of the dynamic behaviour of decision-making actors. We present a modelling approach which retains the well-attested benefits of CA land use models, but which allows greater flexibility in modelling the dynamic behaviour of actors for particular “policy driven” land uses. To implement our approach, we integrate the APoLUS model (APoLUS stands for Actor, Policy and Land Use Simulator) – an open-source, multi-platform model based on geographical CA – with a system dynamics (SD) model describing the actor dynamics. The SD model is tailored to reproduce the dynamics of interaction (and possible conflicting interests) of a number of aggregate actors that might influence regional development in general and might affect (either in positive or in negative way) the implementation of policy under study in particular. In the present paper, we describe new developments in the actor dynamics model family, progressing beyond earlier work in three key ways: (i) incorporating the 2 possible ‘regime shifts’ that might be related, in particular, to election cycles; (ii) describing in more detail the economic drivers of actor dynamics; (iii) introducing the stochasticity in a SD model.
"Stick to Sports": Evidence from Sports Media on the Origins and Consequences of Newly Politicized Attitudes
Authors: Peterson Erik , Muñoz Manuela
Published: July 2020

Politics now intrudes into many aspects of social life. How does this occur and what are its consequences? We study the sources of politicized attitudes towards ESPN, a sports media outlet involved in controversies where politics and sports intersect, and consider their implications for sports news use. We assess two potential contributors to politicized attitudes towards ESPN: exposure to political media criticizing the network and encounters with its sports coverage. In survey-linked web browsing data and a survey experiment, exposure to political media led the public to evaluate ESPN in political terms, showing messages from political elites can affect opinions of entertainment media. In contrast, exposure to ESPN’s typical sports coverage failed to alter views of the network. We also find these newly politicized attitudes do not reduce use of ESPN, demonstrating the intrusion of politics into a seemingly apolitical setting may not displace other considerations underlying behavior.
Social Origin and Parental and Offspring Union Dissolution: Cues from Sibling Correlations
Authors: Andersson Linus
Published: July 2020

This paper estimates the size of the effect of parental union dissolution on offspring union dissolution, as a share of the sum of all social origin factors. A large literature has documented a positive correlation between divorce and separation among parents and their children. Parental union dissolution is one out of several aspects of social origin that is associated with union dissolution. It is difficult to contrast the relative impact of parental union dissolution to other aspects of social origin because many apects of social origin are unobservable. Swedish administrative data for the 1960 to 1965 birth cohorts that cover the individuals’ life events until 2018 is used to estimate sibling correlations in divorce and childbearing union dissolution, adjusting for parental union dissolution. The variance in union dissolution attributable to factors shared by siblings ranged from 6% to 13%. Parental union dissolution and factors associated with parental union dissolution explained between 15% and 28% of this variance. Sister correlations are greater than brother correlations, and sibling correlations of childbearing union dissolution are higher than sibling correlations of divorce. It is pertinent to estimate the total effect of all social background factors on offspring union dissolution. It is likewise of interest to specify the share of all social background effects that are constituted by factors caused by or correlated specifically with parental union dissolution. Sibling correlations can be a useful tool for quantifying these relationships.
Assessment of geosites in northern Morocco: diversity and richness with potential for socioeconomic development
Authors: SALHI Adil , Alilou Mohamed Rida , Benabdelouahab Sara , Subiros Josep Vila , Sala Pere , Benabdelouahab Tarik , Himi Mahjoub , Ponsati Albert Casas
Published: July 2020

Despite the importance of geoheritage as an interdisciplinary geo-based topic, it is poorly documented as a tool of harmonious socioeconomic development and territorial strategic planning. The promotion of this natural resource in rural areas of the southern Mediterranean may strengthen social resilience and consolidate management strategies if it is conducted according to a responsible and sustainable approach that takes account of local specificities. Here, an exhaustive, multi-criteria and qualitative assessment of the geomorphological sites of the large Alpine Rif belt was established to assess their scientific and additional values based on a widely adopted score ranking method. Later, it was established a restricted list of the most outstanding sites based on qualitative conditions. This list contains 39 sites which may be linked in three thematic geocircuits to serve as gathering points for initiatives and development projects. We anticipate that this may create an economic diversity to revive a social fabric capable of satisfying its needs and expectations, reducing the gap and inequalities between disadvantaged rural areas upstream and industrialized urban areas downstream, and inspiring a benign and balanced development.
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on Global Signal Variability After One Night of Total sleep Deprivation
Authors: Anttila Lasse
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Sleep deprivation’s effects on the brain can be studied using functional magneticresonance imaging (fMRI). One parameter increases with sleep deprivation is global signal: the timeseries of average fMRI signal. Global signal is often used as a covariate in fMRI studies, as a way toeliminate noise, such as head motions, breathing and heart rate changes. After sleep deprivation, globalsignal’s standard deviation: “global signal variability” (GSV) increases, most likely due to increasedvariation in wakefulness. Earlier research on sleep deprivation and GSV has not sufficiently accountedfor sleepiness, eyes openness, and time in the fMRI, which also affect wakefulness. Aims: The aim wasto investigate effects of total sleep deprivation on GSV. Material and Methods: This was a crossover studywith 38 participants. Participants went through fMRI after total sleep deprivation and habitual sleep.During scanning, participants had their eyes open, and closed. Participants estimated their sleepinessusing Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS). Results: Total sleep deprivation increased GSV (0.255 ±0.020, p<0.001). GSV increased with time in fMRI (0.003 ± 0.001, p=0.026), and lowered when eyeswere open (-0.135 ± 0.033, p<0.001). Sleepiness increased GSV (0.057 ± 0.009, p<0.001). Conclusions:Results show that sleep deprivation, time and eyes being closed increase GSV. This shows that GSV isnot simply noise, but depends on the state of the brain. Likely mechanism for GSV increase is higherwake-state instability. Increase caused by time and eyes being closed supports this notion, but it shouldbe further investigated in future studies.
Cryptography with Layered Algorithms for Text Security on Android
Authors: Safrianti Ery , Fitriansyah Fernanda
Published: July 2020

Android phone is one of the most widely used telecommunications devices today. The exchange of various forms of information ranging from text, sound, images and video through this media is inseparable from the threat of criminal crime through digital data theft. Data security aspects are very important to be considered, one of which is data in the form of text. Text data is commonly used in short message services (SMS), chat in various Android applications or in the use of logins and passwords. This research will create an application on Android for securing text data through cryptographic techniques with a layered algorithm using three types of algorithms namely Caesar, Blowfish and AES Algorithms (Advanced Standard Encryption). This application can run on Android 5.0 (lollipop) or above, which can be used to encrypt and decrypt text messages. The test results show that the results of the initial text that was encoded through the encryption process can be safely returned by the decryption process without the slightest mistake with the original text.  The encryption test for capital letters, numbers, and punctuation can be completely decrypted.
The Characteristics of Five Ceramics and Two Granites as Solid Dielectrics for An Ozone Generator
Authors: Murdiya Fri , Hardiwika Ericko
Published: July 2020

The utilization of ozone is commonly applied in various fields, for instance, it is used as a disinfectant for water treatment, disinfecting, sterilizing medical devices and preserving foodstuffs. Ozone is a nearly colorless gas with a characteristic odor that can be detected by humans up to 0.01 ppm. It can be produced by the dielectric barrier discharge method,which is generally used as a method of generating ozone supplied by high voltage or also called high voltage plasma generators. High voltage plasma occurs in the dielectric barrier discharge air gap, as a result of the air failed in maintaining its insulator properties. The power supply used in this study is a parallel resonant pushpull inverter using a flyback transformer. Furthermore, this study did not use an additional magnetic loudspeaker and used ceramic dielectrics instead. 5 types of ceramics and 2 different types of granite and combined the range of air gap were used during examination and research. The research indicates that the best plasma was found in ceramics 3, 5, granite 1 and 2 with an air gap of 2mm. The current discharge in ceramic 1 with an air gap of 2 mm was higher than the others. The highest voltage discharge was on granite 2 with an air gap of 2 mm. Ceramics 3, 5, granite 1 and 2 with an air gap of 2mm had better ozone concentrations than ceramics 1, 2 and 4.
Population of Natural Enemies in Three Varieties of Rice Plants in Turikale Subdistrict, Maros District
Authors: Thamrin Nining Triani , Mursalat Aksal
Published: July 2020

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an annual crop that plays an important role in meeting the food sources of the Indonesian population. In addition, rice plants have a diversity of insects as their natural enemy. This study aims to determine the population of natural enemies of 3 rice varieties, namely Inpari 30, Ciliwung, and Mekongga varieties. The research location is the rice fields in Turikale Subdistrict, Maros District. The method used for the study was the survey location of rice fields with each paddy field size of about 20 x 15 m. The results showed that there were 3 types of predators namely Lycosa, Coccinella, and Orthetrum which were found in each variety with varied total numbers at every 2-week observation interval. The highest population of Lycosa was found in the Inpari 30 (6 wap) variety, the highest Coccinella population also was found in the Inpari 30 (10 wap) variety, while the highest Orthetrum population was found in the Mekongga variety (6 wap). The highest proportion of each variety was Lycosidae 50% in the Inpari 30 variety, Lycosidae 51.35% in the Ciliwung variety, and Lycosidae 44.44% in the Mekongga variety
„Branding Tschechien“. Public Diplomacy und Nation Branding als Instrumente der Außenpolitik
Authors: Waisová Šárka , Cabada Ladislav
Published: July 2020

The article develops the traditional theoretical framework of public diplomacy, used in international relations since decades, into the new approach – the nation branding. The nation branding became very popular practice within the public diplomacy and more general “applied foreign cultural policy” in the last two decades. The development of new communication tools such as the Internet and social networks challenged the public diplomacy approaches and brought search for new communication tools the state can use towards the public of other states. Our analysis focus on the Czech example that is incorporated into more general East-Central European frame.
Europejski model społeczno-ekonomiczny w dobie kryzysu, w opinii Komisji Konferencji Biskupów (Episkopatów) Wspólnoty Europejskiej (COMECE)
Authors: KUSZTAL Aleksandra
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article, is to present the position of European churches, which are represented in the Commission of Bishops’ Conferences of the European Community (COMECE), regarding the issue of social and economic model of the European Union in the time of crisis. Article focuses on the reflection of the Commission on social and economic model which was adopted in the EU. The main sources for the purpose of this article, were first and foremost the official documents of COMECE, dedicated to this subject, in the peak of the economic crisis in Europe (2008–2012). The main thesis of the following considerations is that, the economic dimension of European integration and socio-economic model of free market economy, which was adopted in the EU, in its current form, in times of crisis, has become the subject of strong criticism by the COMECE.
EU aspirations of the Republic of Serbia – an overview
Authors: Bujwid-Kurek Ewa
Published: July 2020

The primary purpose of this paper is to ascertain the degree to which the Republic of Serbia is ready for full membership of the European Union. Therefore the criteria set by the European Union for the countries aspiring to membership have been examined, including in particular the Copenhagen criteria of 1993. The assessment expressed in the European Parliament resolution of 18 April 2013 has also been taken into account. In many respects, the Republic of Serbia is not yet fully prepared for membership in the European Union, but on 20 January 2014 negotiations started on Serbia’s accession to the EU. Their results will be conditional on the course and pace of the talks concerning the normalisation of relations between Serbia and Kosovo. The date of Serbia’s eventual accession to the European Union is expected to be 2020.
The use of new media in the European Commission’s information policy
Authors: Piechowicz Michał
Published: July 2020

Recent years confirm that new media have become one of the basic elements of creating communication strategies for the EU institutions. Officials and main decision-makers are increasingly involved in the realm of social media. It is even more significant when we observe that they make use of this tools in a fully transparent way. Such activities add new dynamics to European communication policy. This paper discusses the real-time nature of the Internet communication sphere of the EU institutions created within the guidelines of the European Commission’s new communication strategy, which makes social media complementary to conventional informational operations.
Stereotypy w konflikcie między Armenią i Azerbejdżanem o Górski Karabach, w kontekście polityki zagranicznej UE
Authors: Wiktor-Mach Dobrosława
Published: July 2020

The European Neighbourhood Policy cannot ignore complex conflicts in the East. The effectiveness of the project depends on the understanding of international relations between EU’s neighbours, including mutual stereotypes and prejudices. The papers presents the topic of a classic example of “frozen conflict” in the South Caucasus between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Nagorno Karabakh, which has lasted for over 20 years. The dynamics of regional relations is being reinforced by stereotypes present in public life, mostly in media, political discourse and in educational programs. The article presents the context of the conflict, and an analysis of prevailing ethnic stereotypes (the neighbour as a forger of history, as an eternal enemy with authoritarian tendencies). Then, social attitudes related to those images of one another are analysed. The final part describes examples of activities directed towards establishing direct relationships between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, aiming at the change of stereotypes.
Optical soliton perturbation with spatio-temporal dispersion having Kerr law nonlinearity by the variational iteration method
Authors: González Gaxiola O. , Biswas A. , Alzahrani A. Kamis , Belic M. R.
Published: July 2020

This paper studies optical soliton perturbation that appears with Kerr law nonlinearity having spatio-temporal dispersion. The numerical scheme adopted is the variational iteration method. The perturbation terms are of Hamiltonian type and stem from inter-modal dispersion, self-steepening and nonlinear dispersion. Both bright and dark solitons are taken into consideration.
Deviation of inverse square law based on Dunkl derivative: deformed Coulomb’s law
Authors: Kim Y. , Chung W. Sang , Hassanabadi H.
Published: July 2020

In this paper we consider the Coulomb’s law with deviation. We use the Dunkl derivative to derive the deformed Gauss law for the electric field and the electrostatic potentialwhich gives a new deformed electrostatics called a Dunkl-deformed electrostatics. Wemodify the Dunkl derivative for the electric field for multi sources or continuous chargedistribution. We discuss some examples of the Dunkl-deformed electrostatics.
Design and validation of an educational product directed at school Telecentres
Authors: Lucia de Oliveira Santana Iêda
Published: July 2020

This article has a dual objective, to present the Telecentre Activity Plan (TAP), an educational product created from a research on the use of Scratch in the development of digital skills of Telecentre coordinators, and to demonstrate the methodological procedures for the conception and evaluation of that product. The TAP is composed of a diagnostic questionnaire; a rubric of (self) assessment applied to identify the level of digital skills of coordinators; a learning script used for the exploration of Scratch and a script for the elaboration of projects in Telecentres. The conception involves a wide literature review and the theoretical-methodological basis has documents and theoretical frameworks related to the digital teaching competences and skills, and the validation method involves applications and analyzes, using techniques such as questionnaires, interviews and conversation circles, coming from workshops held with teachers and Telecentre coordinators. The results demonstrate the potential of using TAP to develop basic skills such as browsing, searching and sharing information, developing simple digital content, as well as some more advanced skills such as storing and retrieving information, and using different resources to create multimedia content.
Coagulación intravascular diseminada en el paciente con sepsis
Authors: Maya Cancino Alejandra , Cartín Ramírez Astrid Carolina , Osejo Rodríguez María del Sol
Published: July 2020

La sepsis es un proceso infeccioso altamente inflamatorio que se asocia con una incidencia importante de mortalidad y múltiples complicaciones. Una de estas complicaciones es la coagulación intravascular diseminada que se desarrolla en casi la mitad de los pacientes con sepsis. Esta tiene como una de sus consecuencias finales la falla orgánica múltiple, por lo cual no es extraño que la tasa de mortalidad de un paciente con sepsis y coagulación intravascular diseminada sea relativamente alta. La patogénesis de la coagulación intravascular diseminada puede ser atribuida a un trastorno de coagulación iniciado por el factor tisular, con diseminación de micro coágulos y consumo acelerado de factores de coagulación. Tiene entonces como resultado, la falla orgánica múltiple, diferentes trastornos hemorrágicos y en los peores casos, la muerte. El manejo actual de la coagulación intravascular diseminada está dirigido a tratar la enfermedad subyacente, en este caso el agente patógeno, además del tratamiento anticoagulante de soporte para mejorar los resultados clínicos.
Enfermedad de Hirschsprung: actualización en diagnóstico y tratamiento
Authors: Boschini Paéz Mariana , Vargas Hernández Mary Paz , Miranda Solis Lisa
Published: July 2020

La enfermedad de Hirschsprung es un trastorno congénito, caracterizado por la ausencia de células del sistema nervioso entérico en la parte más distal del intestino, cuya manifestación clínica más frecuente es el retraso de la salida del meconio. Hay varias formas de presentación de la enfermedad, siendo la más frecuente la rectosigmoidea. La historia clínica, el examen físico, el enema de contraste y la radiografía de abdomen son útiles para orientar la sospecha diagnóstica, pero el diagnóstico definitivo se realiza mediante la toma adecuada de biopsias. El tratamiento de la enfermedad sin asociación de complicaciones es principalmente quirúrgico y la técnica de elección dependerá de la forma de la enfermedad.
Esteroides anabólicos: repercusiones médicas del uso indiscriminado con fines en la mejora del rendimiento atlético
Authors: Rodríguez Alfaro José Mario , Álvarez Castillo Andrey , Salas Boza Alicia
Published: July 2020

Los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos son fármacos sintéticos derivados de la testosterona, que se crearon con fines terapéuticos en sus inicios. En la actualidad, el uso indiscriminado de los mismos con fines no clínicos se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública mundial de acuerdo a las principales entidades encargadas del área salud, ya que el abuso de estas sustancias conlleva riesgos e implicaciones médicas de gran trascendencia clínica, lo que conduce a un elevado costo económico en el ámbito salud, y repercusiones negativas en el mundo del deporte.
Manejo de anafilaxia en pediatría
Authors: Abarca Zúñiga Vivian , Piñar Sancho Gustavo
Published: July 2020

La anafilaxia se define como una reacción alérgica grave de inicio rápido causada por la liberación repentina de mediadores de mastocitos en la circulación sistémica y que puede causar la muerte. La causa más común en los niños es la alergia alimentaria. El diagnóstico de anafilaxia se basa en criterios clínicos y el tratamiento médico de primera línea es la epinefrina intramuscular.
Sobrevida en pacientes con cáncer de mama según su inmunohistoquímica experiencia del Instituto Oncológico Nacional - Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer, Guayaquil Ecuador
Authors: Ulloa Ochoa Pablo , Ronquillo Torresano Soraya , Sánchez Pincay Karen
Published: July 2020

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es la patología oncológica más frecuente en la población femenina a nivel mundial, se ha logrado determinar que su pronóstico está ligado al estadio tumoral diagnóstico, al tipo histológico y al tratamiento sistémico que se aplique según el subtipo molecular. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la asociación de la expresión de los receptores hormonales, HER2/neu y el Ki67 con la sobrevida de los pacientes con cáncer de mama. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en el Instituto Oncológico Nacional “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” en 284 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama desde enero del 2006 hasta diciembre del 2013. Se analizaron variables de edad, diagnóstico histológico, estadio clínico, subtipos moleculares y sobrevida. Resultados: La edad media estaba comprendida entre 40 y 65 años, El diagnóstico histopatológico más frecuente fue el carcinoma ductal infiltrante en 236 pacientes, el porcentaje de Ki67 fue superior al 14% en el 60% de las fallecidas, el subtipo molecular más frecuente fue luminal B HER2 positivo con 95 casos y mayor mortalidad en los triples negativos con un 12.76%. Conclusión: El Ki67 es un marcador útil para valorar el pronóstico del paciente, la clasificación molecular del tumor permitirá dirigir el tratamiento específico y con ello obtener la reestadificación clínica del paciente.
Clear Cell Sarcoma-Like Tumor of GI Tract – Rare and Aggressive Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Assalia A , Darawsha A , Mahajna A , Assalia A , Ghersin I , Postnikov M , Sayida S.
Published: June 2020

Clear cell sarcoma-like tumor of GI tract is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor affecting mainly young
patients and usually involves the small bowel. Herein, we report a case of acute small bowel obstruction in
a 31-year-old male, secondary to Clear cell sarcoma-like tumor