bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROFIL FITOKIMIA DAN UJI SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK ETANOL TUMBUHAN Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC (ANDALIMAN) MENGGUNAKAN METODE BSLT
Authors: Panggabean Liis , Nurhamidah Nurhamidah , Handayani Dewi
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC plant (Andaliman) and to know the extract part of plant ethanol Z acanthopodium DC as the best anticancer agent. Root basal samples, stem bark, leaves and fruit Z acanthopodium DC as much as 3 Kg, then dried up and smoothed. Fine samples of root, bark, leaves and fruit of Z acanthopodium DC were each weighed 450 gr and each sample was extracted using 5 L ethanol solvent. Root extract, bark, leaves and fruit Z anthoxylum acanthopodium DC obtained from extraction weighed as much as 1 g, then each of them in concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 ppm. Cytotoxic tested using BSLT method with shrimp larvae of 10 tail, then determined LC50 by using relationship between probit and log of concentration. Each sample of fine roots, bark, leaves and fruit Z acanthropodium DC were weighed 3 grams. Then press the phytochemical profile. Phytochemical profile test results of each sample of acanthopodium DC Z showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. The largest alkaloid content is found on the skin of stems and roots (++) with Papaya leaf comparison, the largest flavonoid content of bark (++) skin with peach flower compound, tannin leaf and tanug (+++) seedlings with Avocado seed comparator, and the largest Kandugan saponin on bark (+++) with the comparative Starfruit Wuluh. In the cytotoxic test results, each leaf extract of stem, leaves, roots and Z acanthopodium DC fruit has potential as an anticancer agent because the liberating LC50 in each sample is in the range 30-1000 ppm. The extract part of the stem bark has the greatest potential as an anticancer compared to fruits, leaves and roots. Because bark leaf extract has LC50 so that 57,677 ppm compared to root of 65,313 ppm, leaves of 77, 983 ppm, and fruit of 191,426 ppm. Usually root samples, stem bark, leaves and fruit Z acanthopodium DC can be used as an anticancer because of the content of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids.
Studi Korelasi Antara Pendidikan dan Pelatihan (Diklat) Tutor PAUD dengan Peningkatan Kompetensi Mengajar
Authors: Sya'i Syanjar , Rizka M A , Gunawan I Made
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between education and training (Diklat) of PAUD tutors with increasing teaching competence. This research method uses the correlational method. The sample in this study were 20 PAUD tutors at BPKBM NTB. The instruments used in this research are questionnaires and documentation. The analysis technique used is product moment correlation analysis. The results showed the arithmetic r value of 0.455 while the value of r in the table with a significance level of 5% and N = 20 was 0.444 (r count 0.455 > r table 0.444). This means that Ho is rejected while Ha is accepted. Based on the interpretation table of the correlation coefficient, it can be seen that the correlation r count is 0.455 including the medium category. The conclusion obtained from the results of this study is that there is a positive correlation between education and training (DIKLAT) with an increase in the teaching competence of PAUD tutors.
SOSYAL HİZMET BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN DUYGU YÖNETİM BECERİ DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Beydili Gürbüz Eda
Published: July 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sosyal hizmet bölümü öğrencilerinin duygu yönetim becerisi düzeylerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. İlişkisel tarama modeli kullanılarak yapılan araştırmada, tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi ile 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında güz döneminde Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Sosyal Hizmet Bölümünde ders kaydı yaptıran 239 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu ve Duyguları Yönetim Becerileri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler IBM SPSS 22 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda sınıf düzeyi ve yaş arttıkça duyguları yönetim becerisinin azaldığı, ebeveyn tutumunu demokratik olarak ifade edenlerin diğer gruplardan daha yüksek düzeyde duyguları yönetme becerisine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Benzer çalışmaların farklı üniversitelerdeki öğrencilerle ve sosyal hizmet uzmanları ile yapılarak duygu yönetim becerilerinin arttırılması ve bunun desteklenmesine yönelik eğitimlerin planlanması, ders içeriklerinin gözden geçirilmesi önerilmiştir.
EFEKTIVITAS KADAR EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS (Alpinia galangal L. Willd.) TERHADAP JAMUR Candida albicans dalam NILAI KHM50 dan KHM90
Authors: Ramadhania Resha , Rollando Rollando , Yoedistira Chresiani Destianita
Published: July 2021

Abstrak Rimpang lengkuas (Alpinia galanga L. Willd) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak khasiat, salah satunya sebagai antijamur. Kandungan senyawa pada rimpang lengkuas dianggapmemilikiaktivitas enghambatan terhadap jamur khususnya Candida albicans yang merupakan penyebab penyakit kandidiasis.Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak lengkuas sebagai alternatif obat antijamur alami pada Candida albicans serta untuk mengetahui kadar efektif ekstrak rimpang lengkuas (Alpinia galanga(L) Willd) terhadap jamur Candida albicans dalam nilai KHM50 dan KHM90.Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan experimental murni sederhana atau posttest onlycontrol group design dengan menggunakan dua metode uji yaitu metode difusi cakram dan mikrodilusi. Kemudian dilakukan pengamatan zona hambat yang akan terlihat zona bening pada cawan petri, menghitung persen penghambatan dengan cara perhitungan absorbansi atau optical density (OD) dan dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Probit untuk melihat nilai KHM50 dan KHM90.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang lengkuas memiliki zona hambat sebesar 1,75 mm. Sedangkan dalam perhitungan nilai KHM50 KHM90 menggunakan analisis probit didapatkan nilai KHM50 terdapat pada konsentrasi 1834.933 µg/mL dan nilai KHM90 terdapat pada konsentrasi 13374.761 µg/mL. Kata kunci: Alpinia galanga L. Willd., Candida albicans, Difusi Cakram, Mikrodilusi, Kadar Hambat Minuman Abstract Galanga rhizome (Alpinia Galanga L. Wild.) is one of plants which have many savors, one of them is used for anti-fungus. The structure contained in Galanga rhizome is well known for the obstructive activity to the fungus, for especially Candida albicans which is the cause of the Candidiasis disease. This study used galanga rhizome extract as an alternative to natural antifungal for Candida albicans and to find out the effectiveness amount of extract Galanga rhizome (Alpina galanga L. Wild) to the Candida albicans fungus in the term of MIC50 and MIC90. This study is plain experimental or post –test only control group design by using two test methodology. There are disk diffusion method and microdilution. Then, followed by observing obstruction zone which will be appeared on the clear zone on the petri dish, valuating obstruction presentation by using absorbency counting or optical density (OD) and analyzed using probit analysis to see MIC50 and MIC90. The result of the study showed that extract Galanga rhizome had obstructive zone at least 1,75 mm. But, on the valuating MIC50, MIC90 point using probit analysis, the MIC50 concentration value was 1834.933µg/mL and the MIC90 concentration value was 13374.761 µg/mL. Keywords: Alpinia galanga L. Willd., Candida albicans, Disk Diffusion, Microdilution, Minimum Inhittoryhconcentration
Potential of electric fields to reduce bycatch of highly threatened sawfishes
Authors: Abrantes K , Barnett A , Soetaert M , Kyne PM , Laird A , Squire L , Seymour J , Wueringer BE , Sleeman J , Huveneers C
Published: July 2021

Sawfishes are among the most threatened families of marine fishes and are susceptible to incidental capture in net fisheries. Since bycatch reduction devices currently used in trawl fisheries are not effective at reducing sawfish catches, new methods to minimise sawfish bycatch are needed. Ideally, these should affect sawfish behaviour and prevent contact with the fishing gear. We tested the effects of electric fields on sawfish behaviour to assess the potential of electric pulses in mitigating sawfish bycatch. Experiments were conducted in a tank where 2 electrodes were suspended in the water column, connected to a pulse generator, and placed across the swimming path of sawfish. Two largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis were tested in control conditions, in the presence of a baseline pulse, and of 5 variations of that pulse where 1 parameter (polarity, voltage, frequency, pulse shape, pulse duration) was altered at a time. Conditional inference trees were used to identify the effects of various parameters (e.g. treatment, individual) on reaction type, reaction distance, twitching presence and duration, and inter-approach times. Sawfish reacted to electric fields, but reaction distances were small (typically <1.2 m), and no field tested consistently led to reactions conducive to escaping from moving nets. The following parameters induced the most response in both individuals: bipolar current, rectangular shaped, 5-10 Hz, ~1500 µs duration, and 100 V. We recommend further research focussing on moving nets, testing a V-shaped electric array preceding the net mouth by at least 5 m, and testing a setup similar to electrotrawling.
Lipid-related gene expression and sensitivity to starvation in Calanus glacialis in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Tarrant AM , Eisner LB , Kimmel DG
Published: July 2021

In the eastern Bering Sea, lipid-rich copepods in the genus Calanus help to sustain productive fisheries and efficient energy flow through the ecosystem. In summer and autumn, Calanus populations consist primarily of stage C5 copepodites that are storing lipids and preparing for dormancy (diapause). We collected Calanus C5 copepodites from the eastern Bering Sea shelf in early autumn of 2015 and examined whether Calanus species composition, morphometric characteristics, and lipid-related gene expression varied along a north-south gradient. The sampled area exhibited marked differences in temperature, chl a, and Calanus abundance. However, the Calanus population was surprisingly homogeneous, composed almost entirely of C. glacialis, with no evidence for latitudinal trends in prosome size, oil sac fullness, or lipid-related gene expression. Rather than a latitudinal gradient, we found that C. glacialis from 1 southern station near the Pribilof Islands were larger and exhibited lower oil sac fullness and higher expression of lipid storage genes. Gene expression changes across stations were small relative to large shifts associated with shipboard feeding experiments. The similar characteristics of C. glacialis across stations imply that most of the C5 copepodites had experienced favorable growth conditions regardless of their latitudinal location. It remains unknown how environmental conditions affect C. glacialis physiology during other parts of their life cycle or how patterns vary among years. Continued studies of C. glacialis distribution, morphometrics, and gene expression could address these questions and serve as a harbinger for responses to future climatic changes.
On the Universal Nature of Human Activity
Authors: Petrov I.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the physiological activity of a person — the natural side of his life activity. It is shown that the life activity of a person is characterized by social relations that are revealed through objectification and distribution. In other words, the life activity of people is based on objective activity, which carries out the process of self-government with the help of conscious forms of ideal expression. The physiological process in a person does not proceed independently from his activity, but often in an organic relation to it and is carried out for the implementation of a social act. The physiological process itself, of course, is not included in the activity. It has relative autonomy in relation to sociality. Human physiology acts as a carrier and determinant of social activity, so it is usually formed into a natural prerequisite of the latter. Thus, the objective activity of a person is impossible without a physiological process
On the Primary and Secondary Needs
Authors: Petrova S.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of differentiation of needs into primary and secondary. It is shown that primary needs, by virtue of their purpose, determine the ability to respond to objects of reality, and not vice versa, while secondary needs, whether “true” or “false”, are a subjective expression of a need at the level of its awareness. Thus, the need to divide needs into primary and secondary needs is primarily associated with an attempt to display a hierarchy of needs for considering the evolution of human development in the process of its socialization. According to another position, the division of needs into primary and secondary needs is carried out in order to study the mechanism of development of needs, starting from primary needs to the realization of the final result of activity through the satisfaction of intermediate needs.
Art Culture as a Reflection of the Objective World of Human
Authors: Petrova S.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of artistic culture, which is one of the historically developed forms of cultural functioning. Art culture is aimed at learning about a person’s inner world. This knowledge has a special cultural significance and purpose, it helps the formation of personality, the development of human individuality to a greater extent than any other “mechanism” of culture. The article says that only artistic culture can embody the unity of nature and culture, material and spiritual, objective and subjective. By engaging in artistic activity, a person learns the language of the “second reality”, during which he selects actions and interprets them in the light of his aesthetic ideal. It allows people to explore the surrounding space and develop their spiritual world, significantly enriches their social experience and is a synthesized human skill that combines the ability to learn, create, communicate and navigate values. Thus, the artistic development of the world turns out to be an integrative activity in which all other activities intersect.
Comparative Characteristics of Scientific Style and Language of Fiction
Authors: Konyusheva O.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the comparative characteristics of the scientific style and the language of fiction. The article introduces separately with such styles of language as: Scientific (style) — style, which stands out to transmitting logical information and proof of its truth; Artistic (style) — style, the basis of which affects the imagination, the nervous system and emotions of the reader, represents the thoughts and emotions of the author, applies everything without exception of the wealth of vocabulary, is characterized by the imagery, the emotionality of speech. Particular attention is paid to the detailed analysis of each style, in which its features, characteristics, structures, communications, types, forms are considered. Based on these examples, both similarities and the uniqueness of these styles are revealed.
Scope of Negation: Theory and Double Negatives
Authors: Tursunova N.
Published: July 2021

Research on the negative particles, studied in the context of pragmalinguistics and sociopragmatics serves to a deeper comprehending of the specifics of speech issues. In particular, due to the concept of negation, which is one of the integral units of speech, and the criteria for its application are various in different languages, it is important to study the specifics, similarities, and differences of negation in different languages on the basis of the comparative method. In this article scope of negation and its theoretical as well as double negatives will be discussed by contrasting different languages.
The Essence and Content of Family Education in Creative Activity by Mevlana Jalaladdin Rumi
Authors: Aliyeva Kh.
Published: July 2021

For the first time in the article, the goals and objectives of the family, as well as the concept of the family in the works of the messenger of morality Mevlana Jalaladdin Rumi, became the subject of research and analysis. The researcher notes that in his works, Mevlana Jalaladdin Rumi paid special attention to the issues of family education of children, deeply studied the historically established system of family relations and clarified many problems associated with family education that previously could not be solved by teachers, psychologists and philosophers. The researcher who developed the idea that “while the child is still in the womb, the mother’s feelings are transmitted to the child”, Rumi believes that the mother should be pure, moral, cheerful, smiling, full of happy moments, minutes, hours. It takes days and months for the unborn child to receive nourishment, fertilization and formation in this spirit. The article also examines the works of Hazrati Ali, Balasagunlu Yusif, Nasreddin Tusi, coinciding with the views and opinions of Mevlana Jalaladdin Rumi, and provides examples. It is shown that Mevlana considered the child a soul, a treasure, a wonderful good of the family, and considered the main factor to educate a child in the spirit of honesty, truthfulness and nobility from an early age, he must be accustomed to hard work, loyalty, loyalty, honesty and modesty. The article argues that the decency of parents in the formation of such superior qualities is an important factor. The pedagogical meetings of the great thinker, poet and scientist Mevlana Jalaladdin Rumi on family education were summarized by the researcher and completed with the provisions.
Análisis comparativo de ‘podcasts’ y series televisivas de ficción. Estudio de casos en España y Estados Unidos
Authors: Olmedo Salar Silvia , López Villafranca Paloma
Published: July 2021

La ficción sonora se impone tras la irrupción de producciones norteamericanas como Serial en el año 2014 y cuyo éxito impulsó su emisión en otros medios como la serie del mismo nombre ofrecida por HBO. En España, todavía no se ha producido el fenómeno de la conversión de podcast a serie televisiva, pero sí podcasts que derivan de las series de televisión, concretamente, en la plataforma de RTVE. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis comparativo formal y de contenido de los podcasts y las series de plataformas televisivas en España y Estados Unidos aplicado a la primera temporada de las siguientes ficciones: los podcasts Homecoming (Gimlet, 2016) y Dirty John  (Wondery, 2017), emitidos como series en Amazon y en Netflix en Estados Unidos. En España, analizamos el podcast Carlos de Gante (rtve.es, 2015), comparándolo con la serie Carlos, Rey Emperador (TVE, 2015-2016) y el podcast Bienvenido a la Pasarela (rtve.es, 2017) y la serie Estoy Vivo (TVE, 2017-). En EE.UU., lo sonoro adquiere una nueva dimensión en su adaptación en el formato televisivo y como unidad independiente mientras que en España, aunque es un complemento del universo transmedia, goza de una calidad y una proyección que augura un redescubrimiento del formato sonoro. Palabras clave: ficción sonora; series; televisión; radio; transmedia; podcast.
Osteological characters for the identification of Caribbean columbids
Authors: Gala Monica , Laroulandie Véronique , Lenoble Arnaud
Published: July 2021

Columbid remains are commonly recovered from Caribbean archaeological and paleontological sites. Identifying specimens to species level is therefore likely to yield a wealth of information concerning species diversity and changes in their distribution over time. Here we examine the metrical data and 42 osteological characters of eight skeletal elements of 80 specimens belonging to 12 species from five genera that represent most of the indigenous taxa of the West Indies. Our new data provide a reliable means for identifying these birds in the Caribbean fossil and subfossil record.
Remote Sensing for Italian Ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] Detection in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Sanders John T. , Jones Eric A. L. , Minter Aiden , Austin Robert , Roberson Gary T. , Richardson Robert J. , Everman Wesley J.
Published: July 2021

Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] is one of the most challenging weeds for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growers to manage. Italian ryegrass has evolved resistance to the majority of the herbicides labeled for use in wheat and the competitive ability of the species makes it a significant factor driving winter wheat production practices around the world. Previous research has utilized remotely sensed spectral imagery to detect Italian ryegrass in winter wheat to aid weed control decisions. Two studies from 2016 to 2017 were initiated with the intent of identifying the spectral reflectance properties of Italian ryegrass and winter wheat using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a 5-band multispectral sensor. Image analysis was conducted to determine the potential for species discrimination throughout the growing season. Supervised classification of the imagery was used to evaluate the ability of the UAV platform for further discrimination between Italian ryegrass and winter wheat. Species differentiation proved to be possible, however the data was not able to be referenced across dates. Due to light variability, the reflectance values changed to such a degree that unsupervised classifications were not possible using a database of values from previous flights. Supervised classification of the multispectral image resulted in >70% classification accuracy between the species. However, near infrared light consistently differed enough for accurate classification between Italian ryegrass and winter wheat across different weed densities, flight altitudes, and imaging dates. On a single field basis, species differentiation was successful and resulted in classified maps of Italian ryegrass and winter wheat. This study also analyzed the exact accuracy of the species differentiation based on the quality and uniformity of light conditions and growth stage of plants.
Genetic Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease: Recent Advancements
Authors: Yao Longping , Wu Jiayu , Koc Sumeyye , Lu Guohui
Published: July 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative aging disorders characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The decreased viability of DA neurons slowly results in the appearance of motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability. These symptoms largely depend on DA nigrostriatal denervation. Pharmacological and surgical interventions are the main treatment for improving clinical symptoms, but it has not been possible to cure PD. Furthermore, the cause of neurodegeneration remains unclear. One of the possible neurodegeneration mechanisms is a chronic inflammation of the central nervous system, which is mediated by microglial cells. Impaired or dead DA neurons can directly lead to microglia activation, producing a large number of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These cytotoxic factors contribute to the apoptosis and death of DA neurons, and the pathological process of neuroinflammation aggravates the primary morbid process and exacerbates ongoing neurodegeneration. Therefore, anti-inflammatory treatment exerts a robust neuroprotective effect in a mouse model of PD. Since discovering the first mutation in the α-synuclein gene (SNCA), which can cause disease-causing, PD has involved many genes and loci such as LRRK2, Parkin, SNCA, and PINK1. In this article, we summarize the critical descriptions of the genetic factors involved in PD’s occurrence and development (such as LRRK2, SNCA, Parkin, PINK1, and inflammasome), and these factors play a crucial role in neuroinflammation. Regulation of these signaling pathways and molecular factors related to these genetic factors can vastly improve the neuroinflammation of PD.
LINC00261 Suppresses Cisplatin Resistance of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through miR-545-3p/MT1M Axis
Authors: Wang Lijun , Wang Xiaojun , Yan Pengwei , Liu Yatian , Jiang Xuesong
Published: July 2021

To improve the survival rate and cure rate of patients, it is necessary to find a new treatment scheme according to the molecular composition of (ESCC) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the progression of ESCC by various pathophysiological pathways. We explored the possible function of the lncRNA LINC00261 (LINC00261) on cisplatin (DDP) resistance of ESCC and its relative molecular mechanisms. In the study, we found that LINC00261 was downregulated in ESCC tissues, cell lines, and DDP-resistant ESCC patients. Besides, overexpression of LINC00261 not only inhibited cell proliferation, and DDP resistance but also promotes cell apoptosis. Further mechanistic research showed that LINC00261 sponged miR-545-3p which was negatively correlated with the expression of LINC00261. In addition, functional experiments revealed that upregulation of miR-766-5p promoted proliferation and enhanced DDP resistance. Subsequently, MT1M was testified to be the downstream target gene of miR-545-3p. Rescue experiments revealed that overexpression of MT1M largely restores miR-545-3p mimics-mediated function on ESCC progression. Our results demonstrate that the LINC00261 suppressed the DDP resistance of ESCC through miR-545-3p/MT1M axis.
Fusobacterium nucleatum CbpF Mediates Inhibition of T Cell Function Through CEACAM1 Activation
Authors: Galaski Johanna , Shhadeh Amjad , Umaña Ariana , Yoo Christopher C. , Arpinati Ludovica , Isaacson Batya , Berhani Orit , Singer Bernhard B. , Slade Daniel J. , Bachrach Gilad , Mandelboim Ofer
Published: July 2021

F. nucleatum is an anaerobic bacterium that is associated with several tumor entities and promotes tumorigenesis. Recent evidence suggests that F. nucleatum binds the inhibitory receptor carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) via the trimeric autotransporter adhesin CbpF. However, whether this binding is functional or whether other fusobacterial trimeric autotransporter adhesins are involved in CEACAM1 activation is unknown. In this study, using F. nucleatum mutants lacking the type 5c trimeric autotransporter adhesins fvcA (CbpF), fvcB, fvcC, and fvcD, we show that F. nucleatum CbpF binds and activates CEACAM1 and also binds carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a tumor-associated protein. We further find that CEACAM antibodies directed against the CEACAM N-terminal domain block the CbpF-CEACAM1 interaction. In functional assays, we demonstrate CbpF-dependent inhibition of CD4+ T cell response. Thus, we characterize an immune evasion mechanism in which F. nucleatum uses its surface protein CbpF to inhibit T cell function by activating CEACAM1.
Percutaneous Coronary Sinus-Based Mitral Valve Repair Differentially Modulates Coronary Sinus to Mitral Valve Annulus Geometry and Topography
Authors: Rottländer Dennis , Saal Martin , Gödde Miriel , Ögütcü Alev , Degen Hubertus , Haude Michael
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Coronary sinus (CS) based mitral annuloplasty using the Carillon device is a therapeutic option for the treatment of functional mitral valve regurgitation (FMR).

Background: Little is known about the change of CS and mitral valve annulus (MVA) planes following Carillon implantation and how they are modulated by the tension applied on the device.

Methods: In a retrospective single-center analysis, 10 patients underwent Carillon device implantation and received CT-angiography (CTA) prior and post CS based percutaneous mitral valve repair. Patients were assigned to responders or non-responders according to the 3-month transthoracic echocardiographic follow-up. A prototype software was used to assess distance and angulation of both CS (pre) or Carillon-device (post) and mitral annulus planes.

Results: Comparison of the distance and angulation of the CS plane or Carillon device plane and the MVA plane prior and post intervention showed significant reduction of distance and unchanged angulation in responders while angulation was increased and distance reduced in non-responders without statistical significance. Furthermore, in FMR responders MVA perimeter, anterior-posterior diameter, intercommisural diameter and MVA area were decreased following successful indirect mitral valve annuloplasty, while in FMR non-responders Carillon device implantation had no effect on MVA geometry.

Conclusions: Insufficient reduction of FMR following indirect mitral valve annuloplasty is associated with device malposition in relation to the mitral valve annulus. Patient selection using CTA-derived distance and angulation of CS to MVA planes is one option to increase effectiveness of indirect mitral valve annuloplasty.
Real-Time Characterization of Finite Rupture and Its Implication for Earthquake Early Warning: Application of FinDer to Existing and Planned Stations in Southwest China
Authors: Li Jiawei , Böse Maren , Feng Yu , Yang Chen
Published: July 2021

Earthquake early warning (EEW) not only improves resilience against the risk of earthquake disasters, but also provides new insights into seismological processes. TheFinite-Fault RuptureDetector(FinDer) is an efficient algorithm to retrieve line-source models of an ongoing earthquake from seismic real-time data. In this study, we test the performance of FinDer in the Sichuan-Yunnan region (98.5oE–106.0oE, 22.0oN–34.0oN) of China for two datasets: the first consists of seismic broadband and strong-motion records of 58 earthquakes with 5.0 ≤MS≤ 8.0; the second comprises additional waveform simulations at sites where new stations will be deployed in the near future. We utilize observed waveforms to optimize the simulation approach to generate ground-motion time series. For both datasets the resulting FinDer line-source models agree well with the reported epicenters, focal mechanisms, and finite-source models, while they are computed faster compared to what traditional methods can achieve. Based on these outputs, we determine a theoretical relation that can predict for which magnitudes and station densities FinDer is expected to trigger, assuming that at least three neighboring stations must have recorded accelerations of 4.6 cm/s2or more. We find that FinDer likely triggers and sends out a report, if the average distance between the epicenter and the three closest stations,Depi, is equal or smaller than log10(Ma+b) + c, wherea= 1.91,b= 5.93, andc= 2.34 forM = MW≥ 4.8, andc= 2.49 forM = MS≥ 5.0, respectively. If the data used in this study had been available in real-time, 40–70% of sites experiencing seismic intensities of V-VIII (on both Chinese and MMI scales) and 20% experiencing IX-X could have been issued a warning 5–10 s before theS-wave arrives. Our offline tests provide a useful reference for the planned installation of FinDer in the nationwide EEW system of Chinese mainland.
Heat Tolerance, Energetics, and Thermal Treatments of Honeybees Parasitized With Varroa
Authors: Aldea-Sánchez Patricia , Ramírez-Cáceres Guillermo E. , Rezende Enrico L. , Bozinovic Francisco
Published: July 2021

Ongoing global change affects both wildlife and economically relevant species, which are now subjected to combined challenges from climate change and higher exposure to pathogens. Honeybee colonies worldwide are under threat by higher temperatures and the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, hence we studied the impact of these combined challenges in the thermal biology and energetics of Apis mellifera. We estimated the heat tolerance and energy expenditure (CO2 production and VCO2) of honeybees acclimated to different temperatures (32 and 38°C) and subjected to different levels of parasitism (0, 1, and 2 mites). Heat tolerance was quantified employing thermal death time (TDT) curves describing how survival times vary as a function of temperature, which differed significantly between treatments. Warm-acclimated uninfected bees exhibited a higher thermal tolerance than their cold-acclimated counterparts, but parasitism by Varroa resulted in a substantial drop in tolerance rendering TDT curves of parasitized bees virtually indistinguishable. Accordingly, VCO2 increased dramatically in parasitized bees (46.5 and 67.1% with 1 and 2 Varroa, respectively), suggesting that Varroa impinges on substantial costs on energy expenditure which, in combination with lower fat reserves due to parasitism, should have synergistic effects on bees’ survival and performance. Results provide conclusive evidence of the detrimental impact of Varroa on heat tolerance that undermines potentially adaptive responses associated with thermal acclimation. Results also show that heat treatments are a realistic venue to control Varroa, and we discuss how TDT curves may be employed to optimize management strategies in this context.
Development of a Four-mRNA Expression-Based Prognostic Signature for Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Bai Haiya , Wang Youliang , Liu Huimin , Lu Junyang
Published: July 2021

We aim to find a biomarker that can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM). The RNA sequencing data of CM was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and randomly divided into training group and test group. Survival statistical analysis and machine-learning approaches were performed on the RNA sequencing data of CM to develop a prognostic signature. Using univariable Cox proportional hazards regression, random survival forest algorithm, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) in the training group, the four-mRNA signature including CD276, UQCRFS1, HAPLN3, and PIP4P1 was screened out. The four-mRNA signature could divide patients into low-risk and high-risk groups with different survival outcomes (log-rank p < 0.001). The predictive efficacy of the four-mRNA signature was confirmed in the test group, the whole TCGA group, and the independent GSE65904 (log-rank p < 0.05). The independence of the four-mRNA signature in prognostic prediction was demonstrated by multivariate Cox analysis. ROC and timeROC analyses showed that the efficiency of the signature in survival prediction was better than other clinical variables such as melanoma Clark level and tumor stage. This study highlights that the four-mRNA model could be used as a prognostic signature for CM patients with potential clinical application value.
Antigenic Diversity in Theileria parva Populations From Sympatric Cattle and African Buffalo Analyzed Using Long Read Sequencing
Authors: Allan Fiona K. , Jayaraman Siddharth , Paxton Edith , Sindoya Emmanuel , Kibona Tito , Fyumagwa Robert , Mramba Furaha , Torr Stephen J. , Hemmink Johanneke D. , Toye Philip , Lembo Tiziana , Handel Ian , Auty Harriet K. , Morrison W. Ivan , Morrison Liam J.
Published: July 2021

East Coast fever (ECF) in cattle is caused by the Apicomplexan protozoan parasiteTheileria parva, transmitted by the three-host tickRhipicephalus appendiculatus. The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is the natural host forT. parvabut does not suffer disease, whereas ECF is often fatal in cattle. The genetic relationship betweenT. parvapopulations circulating in cattle and buffalo is poorly understood, and has not been studied in sympatric buffalo and cattle. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity ofT. parvapopulations in cattle and buffalo, in an area where livestock co-exist with buffalo adjacent to the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. ThreeT. parvaantigens (Tp1, Tp4, and Tp16), known to be recognized by CD8+and CD4+T cells in immunized cattle, were used to characterize genetic diversity ofT. parvain cattle (n= 126) and buffalo samples (n= 22). Long read (PacBio) sequencing was used to generate full or near-full length allelic sequences. Patterns of diversity were similar across all three antigens, with allelic diversity being significantly greater in buffalo-derived parasites compared to cattle-derived (e.g., for Tp1 median cattle allele count was 9, and 81.5 for buffalo), with very few alleles shared between species (8 of 651 alleles were shared for Tp1). Most alleles were unique to buffalo with a smaller proportion unique to cattle (412 buffalo unique vs. 231 cattle-unique for Tp1). There were indications of population substructuring, with one allelic cluster of Tp1 representing alleles found in both cattle and buffalo (including the TpM reference genome allele), and another containing predominantly only alleles deriving from buffalo. These data illustrate the complex interplay betweenT. parvapopulations in buffalo and cattle, revealing the significant genetic diversity in the buffaloT. parvapopulation, the limited sharing of parasite genotypes between the host species, and highlight that a subpopulation ofT. parvais maintained by transmission within cattle. The data indicate that fuller understanding of buffaloT. parvapopulation dynamics is needed, as only a comprehensive appreciation of the population genetics ofT. parvapopulations will enable assessment of buffalo-derived infection risk in cattle, and how this may impact upon control measures such as vaccination.
Exploration of the Shared Gene Signatures and Molecular Mechanisms Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Evidence From Transcriptome Data
Authors: Yao Menghui , Zhang Chunyi , Gao Congcong , Wang Qianqian , Dai Mengmeng , Yue Runzhi , Sun Wenbo , Liang Wenfang , Zheng Zhaohui
Published: July 2021

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple systems. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a close linkage with SLE. However, the inter-relational mechanisms between them are still unclear. This article aimed to explore the shared gene signatures and potential molecular mechanisms in SLE and PAH.

Methods

The microarray data of SLE and PAH in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded. The Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the co-expression modules related to SLE and PAH. The shared genes existing in the SLE and PAH were performed an enrichment analysis by ClueGO software, and their unique genes were also performed with biological processes analyses using the DAVID website. The results were validated in another cohort by differential gene analysis. Moreover, the common microRNAs (miRNAs) in SLE and PAH were obtained from the Human microRNA Disease Database (HMDD) and the target genes of whom were predicted through the miRTarbase. Finally, we constructed the common miRNAs–mRNAs network with the overlapped genes in target and shared genes.

Results

Using WGCNA, four modules and one module were identified as the significant modules with SLE and PAH, respectively. A ClueGO enrichment analysis of shared genes reported that highly activated type I IFN response was a common feature in the pathophysiology of SLE and PAH. The results of differential analysis in another cohort were extremely similar to them. We also proposed a disease road model for the possible mechanism of PAH secondary to SLE according to the shared and unique gene signatures in SLE and PAH. The miRNA–mRNA network showed that hsa-miR-146a might regulate the shared IFN-induced genes, which might play an important role in PAH secondary to SLE.

Conclusion

Our work firstly revealed the high IFN response in SLE patients might be a crucial susceptible factor for PAH and identified novel gene candidates that could be used as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets.
Low Dietary Fiber Intake Links Development of Obesity and Lupus Pathogenesis
Authors: Schäfer Anna-Lena , Eichhorst Alexandra , Hentze Carolin , Kraemer Antoine N. , Amend Anaïs , Sprenger Dalina T. L. , Fluhr Cara , Finzel Stephanie , Daniel Christoph , Salzer Ulrich , Rizzi Marta , Voll Reinhard E. , Chevalier Nina
Published: July 2021

Changed dietary habits in Western countries such as reduced fiber intake represent an important lifestyle factor contributing to the increase in inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. The mode of action of beneficial fiber effects is not fully elucidated, but short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gut microbiota have been implicated. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of dietary fiber on lupus pathology and to understand underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that in lupus-prone NZB/WF1 mice low fiber intake deteriorates disease progression reflected in accelerated mortality, autoantibody production and immune dysregulation. In contrast to our original assumption, microbiota suppression by antibiotics or direct SCFA feeding did not influence the course of lupus-like disease. Mechanistically, our data rather indicate that in low fiber-fed mice, an increase in white adipose tissue mass, fat-inflammation and a disrupted intestinal homeostasis go along with systemic, low-grade inflammation driving autoimmunity. The links between obesity, intestinal leakage and low-grade inflammation were confirmed in human samples, while adaptive immune activation predominantly correlated with lupus activity. We further propose that an accelerated gastro-intestinal passage along with energy dilution underlies fiber-mediated weight regulation. Thus, our data highlight the often-overlooked effects of dietary fiber on energy homeostasis and obesity prevention. Further, they provide insight into how intricately the pathologies of inflammatory immune-mediated conditions, such as obesity and autoimmunity, might be interlinked, possibly sharing common pathways.
Potential Regulatory Roles of GRK2 in Endothelial Cell Activity and Pathological Angiogenesis
Authors: Kuai Jiajie , Han Chenchen , Wei Wei
Published: July 2021

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2) is an integrative node in many signaling network cascades. Emerging evidence indicates that GRK2 can interact with a large number of GPCRs and non-GPCR substrates in both kinase-dependent and -independent modes. Some of these pathways are associated with endothelial cell (EC) activity. The active state of ECs is a pivotal factor in angiogenesis. The occurrence and development of some inflammation-related diseases are accompanied by pathological angiogenesis, but there remains a lack of effective targeted treatments. Alterations in the expression and/or localization of GRK2 have been identified in several types of diseases and have been demonstrated to regulate the angiogenesis process in these diseases. GRK2 as a target may be a promising candidate for anti-angiogenesis therapy.
Redefining the Role of Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor in the Maintenance of Lymphoid Organs and Immune Cell Homeostasis in Adulthood
Authors: Shou Yajun , Koroleva Ekaterina , Spencer Cody M. , Shein Sergey A. , Korchagina Anna A. , Yusoof Kizil A. , Parthasarathy Raksha , Leadbetter Elizabeth A. , Akopian Armen N. , Muñoz Amanda R. , Tumanov Alexei V.
Published: July 2021

Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) is a promising therapeutic target in autoimmune and infectious diseases as well as cancer. Mice with genetic inactivation of LTβR display multiple defects in development and organization of lymphoid organs, mucosal immune responses, IgA production and an autoimmune phenotype. As these defects are imprinted in embryogenesis and neonate stages, the impact of LTβR signaling in adulthood remains unclear. Here, to overcome developmental defects, we generated mice with inducible ubiquitous genetic inactivation of LTβR in adult mice (iLTβRΔ/Δ mice) and redefined the role of LTβR signaling in organization of lymphoid organs, immune response to mucosal bacterial pathogen, IgA production and autoimmunity. In spleen, postnatal LTβR signaling is required for development of B cell follicles, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), recruitment of neutrophils and maintenance of the marginal zone. Lymph nodes of iLTβRΔ/Δ mice were reduced in size, lacked FDCs, and had disorganized subcapsular sinus macrophages. Peyer`s patches were smaller in size and numbers, and displayed reduced FDCs. The number of isolated lymphoid follicles in small intestine and colon were also reduced. In contrast to LTβR-/- mice, iLTβRΔ/Δ mice displayed normal thymus structure and did not develop signs of systemic inflammation and autoimmunity. Further, our results suggest that LTβR signaling in adulthood is required for homeostasis of neutrophils, NK, and iNKT cells, but is dispensable for the maintenance of polyclonal IgA production. However, iLTβRΔ/Δ mice exhibited an increased sensitivity to C. rodentium infection and failed to develop pathogen-specific IgA responses. Collectively, our study uncovers new insights of LTβR signaling in adulthood for the maintenance of lymphoid organs, neutrophils, NK and iNKT cells, and IgA production in response to mucosal bacterial pathogen.
A High-Resolution Modeling Study of the Circulation Patterns at a Coastal Embayment: Ría de Pontevedra (NW Spain) Under Upwelling and Downwelling Conditions
Authors: Cruz Elisabet R. , Nolasco Rita , Padin Xosé A. , Gilcoto Miguel , Babarro Jose M. F. , Dubert Jesús , Pérez Fiz F.
Published: July 2021

Estuarine exchange flow plays an important role in the biogeochemical properties exchange between the coastal ocean and the estuaries. Circulation patterns inside the Rias Baixas (NW Iberian Peninsula) have been widely studied, while the Ría de Pontevedra has received less attention. A high-resolution ROMS-AGRIF system configuration with three online two-way nesting domains was used and validated to enhance the knowledge about the circulation patterns of this Ría. Two representative estuarine circulation patterns were studied: a coastal upwelling event and a downwelling event associated with a maximum river runoff of 84 m3/s. An analysis using Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) was applied to the horizontal subtidal velocity fields at the surface layer and at 20 m depth and to the subtidal normal velocity across vertical cross-sections. Upwelling events are characterized by a reinforcement of the positive estuarine circulation, in which the surface waters outflow and deep waters inflow at the main sill of the Ría, whilst full water column inflow (outflow) is observed at the northern (southern) openings. Conversely, downwelling events induce an opposite behavior, consisting of a negative estuarine circulation with the surface (deep) inflow (outflow) at the main sill of the Ría and outflow (inflow) at the northern (southern) openings. Evidences of a front splitting two vertical clockwise circulation cells were found. These cells are associated with the ocean water subduction that enters through the surface layer under downwelling favorable winds and this surface inflow opposes to the direction of the inner estuarine circulation. The EOF study confirms that shelf wind forcing has an important contribution to the variability of the velocity field, inducing positive or negative estuarine like circulation. The temporal principal components (PC) of EOF analysis present correlations of 0.92 between the meridional wind component and the first mode, and 0.77 between the zonal wind component and the second mode. Third EOF mode represents the circulation during transitional winds when some vorticity structures are visible. The realistic high-resolution simulation of the physical conditions at the Ría de Pontevedra provides new insights into the ocean-estuarine water exchanges and allow the visualization of recirculation processes and characteristic structures that have consequences in the marine ecosystem and in their productivity.