bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-pressure phase relations in the system Fe–Ni–Cu–S up to 14 GPa: implications for the stability of sulfides in the earth’s upper mantle
Authors: Beyer Christopher , Bissbort Thilo , Hartmann Rebecca , Berndt Jasper , Klemme Stephan , Fonseca Raúl O. C.
Published: October 2022

Base metal sulfides (Fe–Ni–Cu–S) are ubiquitous phases in mantle and subduction-related lithologies. Sulfides in the mantle often melt incongruently, which leads to the production of a Cu–Ni-rich sulfide melt and leaves a solid residue called monosulfide solid solution (mss). However, the persistence of crystalline sulfide phases like mss in the Earth’s mantle at higher temperatures and pressures deep within the Earth has long been up for debate, as the presence of both mss and sulfide melt in mantle rocks implies the fractionation of chalcophile elements during mantle melting. Recent studies have shown that the average mantle sulfide (45 wt.% Fe, 16 wt.% Ni, 1 wt.% Cu, and 38 wt.% S), is fully molten at average mantle potential temperatures (1300–1400 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C) up to 8 GPa (ca. 240 km). However, sulfide inclusions found in diamonds show a broad compositional spectrum, ranging from Ni-poor and Fe-rich (eclogitic), to Ni-rich and Fe-poor sulfides (peridotitic), with their Cu contents being generally low. The wide compositional variety of diamond-hosted sulfide inclusions raises the possibility that results on the melting properties obtained from this average mantle sulfide compositional may not reflect that found in those inclusions. As such, further investigation of the melting properties of sulfides from a wide compositional range is necessary. Here, we present the results of an experimental study where the melting properties of typical sulfide compositions found in diamond inclusions associated with eclogites and peridotites have been determined. Experiments have been carried out between 0.1 MPa and 14 GPa, and between 920 and 1590 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C, on box muffle furnaces, end-loaded piston cylinder, and multi-anvil apparatuses. Results show that solid mss in Fe-rich, Ni-poor sulfide inclusions associated with eclogites persist to higher pressures and temperatures compared to their less-refractory, more Ni-rich peridotitic counterparts to the depth of the mantle transition zone (410 km depth). Our results have implications for the recycling of chalcophile elements during subduction-related processes and the entrapment of sulfides in diamonds.
Mini-laparoscopy as a diagnostic tool for abdominal tuberculosis: a retrospective series of 29 cases
Authors: Brehm Thomas Theo , Ndzedzeka-Völz Natascha , Wehmeyer Malte , Christner Martin , Clauditz Till Sebastian , Hübener Peter , Addo Marylyn M. , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schmiedel Stefan
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is a “great mimic,” and diagnosis remains challenging even for experienced clinicians. While mini-laparoscopy has already been demonstrated to be an efficient diagnostic tool for a variety of diseases, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique in diagnosing abdominal TB.

Methods

We retrospectively included patients who underwent mini-laparoscopy at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between April 2010 and January 2022 for suspected abdominal TB. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, radiological findings as well as macroscopic, histopathologic, and microbiologic results were analyzed by chart review.

Results

Out of 49 consecutive patients who underwent mini-laparoscopy for suspected abdominal TB, the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed in 29 patients (59%). Among those, the median age was 30 years (range 18–86 years) and the majority were male (n = 22, 76%). Microbiological diagnosis was established in a total of 16 patients. The remaining patients were diagnosed with abdominal TB either by histopathological detection of caseating granulomas (n = 3), or clinically by a combination of typical presentation, mini-laparoscopic findings, and good response to anti-tuberculous treatment (n = 10). Bleeding from the respective puncture site occurred in 19 patients (66%) and either resolved spontaneously or was arrested with argon plasma coagulation alone (n = 10) or in combination with fibrin glue (n = 1). Minor intestinal perforation occurred in 2 patients and was treated conservatively.

Conclusions

Mini-laparoscopy is a useful and safe modality for the diagnosis of abdominal TB.
Urinary complement proteins are increased in children with IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) nephritis
Authors: Wright Rachael D. , Marro Julien , Northey Sarah J. , Corkhill Rachel , Beresford Michael W. , Oni Louise
Published: October 2022

Background

Children with immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV Henoch-Schönlein purpura) frequently encounter nephritis (IgAV-N) with 1–2% risk of kidney failure. The pathophysiology of IgAV-N is not fully understood with speculation that complement may contribute. The aim of this study was to identify whether urinary complement proteins are increased in children with IgAV-N.

Methods

A cross-sectional prospective cohort of children with IgAV were recruited together with controls including healthy children and children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients were subdivided according to the presence of nephritis. Urinary C3, C4, C5, and C5a were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and corrected for urinary creatinine.

Results

The study included 103 children; 47 with IgAV (37 IgAV without nephritis, IgAVwoN; 10 IgAV-N), 30 SLE and 26 healthy children. Urinary complement C3, C4, and C5 were all statistically significantly increased in all children with IgAV compared to SLE patients (all p < 0.05). In patients with IgAV-N, urinary complement C3, C4, C5, C5a were all statistically significantly increased compared to IgAVwoN (C3 14.65 μg/mmol [2.26–20.21] vs. 2.26 μg/mmol [0.15–3.14], p = 0.007; C4 6.52 μg/mmol [1.30–9.72] vs. 1.37 μg/mmol [0.38–2.43], p = 0.04; C5 1.36 μg/mmol [0.65–2.85] vs. 0.38 μg/mmol [0.03–0.72], p = 0.005; C5a 101.9 ng/mmol [15.36–230.0] vs. 18.33 ng/mmol [4.27–33.30], p = 0.01). Using logistic regression, the urinary complement components produced an outstanding ability to discriminate between patients with and without nephritis in IgAV (AUC 0.92, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Children with IgAV-N have evidence of increased complement proteins present in their urine that may indicate a pathological role and may allow treatment stratification.

Graphical abstract
Health-related quality of life in adults after pediatric kidney failure in Switzerland
Authors: Heinzelmann Marc-Andrea , Kuehni Claudia E. , Roser Katharina , Mader Luzius , Laube Guido F. ,   on behalf of the Swiss Pediatric Renal Registry (SPRR) group
Published: October 2022

Background

Little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults after kidney failure during childhood. In this study, we analyzed HRQoL of adults after pediatric kidney failure in Switzerland and investigated socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with HRQoL.

Methods

In this cohort study, we sent questionnaires to 143 eligible patients registered in the Swiss Pediatric Renal Registry with continuous kidney replacement therapy starting before the age of 18 years. We assessed HRQoL using the Short-Form 36 version 1, compared HRQoL scores between our sample and the Swiss general population, and used linear regression models to examine socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with HRQoL.

Results

We included 79 patients (response rate 55%) with a mean age of 38.6 years (range 19.4–63.1). Compared to the general population, HRQoL scores were lower for physical functioning (− 12.43, p < 0.001), role physical (− 13.85, p = 0.001), general health (− 14.42, p < 0.001), vitality (− 4.98, p = 0.035), and physical HRQoL (− 6.11, p < 0.001), but we found no difference in mental HRQoL (− 0.13, p = 0.932). The socio-demographic factors—lower education, unemployment, and not being in a relationship—were associated with lower HRQoL. The only clinical factor associated with HRQoL was the type of kidney disease. Patients with acquired kidney diseases had lower mental HRQoL than patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (− 11.4, p = 0.007) or monogenetic hereditary diseases (− 9.5, p = 0.018).

Conclusions

Adults after pediatric kidney failure in Switzerland have lower physical, but similar mental HRQoL compared to the general population. Subgroups may require special attention with regard to their HRQoL.

Graphical abstract
Aetiology and Potential Animal Exposure in Central Nervous System Infections in Vietnam
Authors: Brindle Hannah E. , Nadjm Behzad , Choisy Marc , Christley Rob , Griffiths Michael , Baker Stephen , Bryant Juliet E. , Campbell James I. , Nguyen Van Vinh Chau , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep , Vu Ty Thi Hang , Nguyen Van Hung , Hoang Bao Long , Le Xuan Luat , Pham Ha My , Ta Thi Dieu Ngan , Ho Dang Trung Nghia , Tran Thua Nguyen , Nguyen Thi Han Ny , Tran My Phuc , Pham Thi Hong Phuong , Le Van Tan , Nguyen Dac Thuan , Hau Thi Thu Trang , Nguyen Ngoc Vinh , Wertheim Heiman F. L. , Thwaites Guy E. , van Doorn H. Rogier ,   the VIZIONS Consortium
Published: October 2022

An estimated 73% of emerging infections are zoonotic in origin, with animal contact and encroachment on their habitats increasing the risk of spill-over events. In Vietnam, close exposure to a wide range of animals and animal products can lead to acquisition of zoonotic pathogens, a number of which cause central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, studies show the aetiology of CNS infections remains unknown in around half of cases. We used samples and data from hospitalised patients with CNS infections, enrolled into the Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic Infections multicentre study, to determine the association between aetiology and animal contact including those in whom the cause was unknown. Among 933 patients, a pathogen or an antibody response to it was identified in 291 (31.2%, 95% CI 28.3–34.3%). The most common pathogens were Streptococcus suis (n = 91 (9.8%, 8.0–11.9%)) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (n = 72 (7.7%, 6.1–9.7%)). Commonly reported animal contact included keeping, raising or handling (n = 364 (39.0%, 35.9–42.2%)) and handling, cooking or consuming raw meat, blood or viscera in the 2 weeks prior to symptom onset (n = 371 (39.8%, 36.6–43.0%)), with the latter most commonly from pigs (n = 343 (36.9%, 33.8–40.1%). There was no association between an unknown aetiology and exposure to animals in a multivariate logistic regression. Further testing for unknown or undetected pathogens may increase diagnostic yield, however, given the high proportion of zoonotic pathogens and the presence of risk factors, increasing public awareness about zoonoses and preventive measures can be considered.
One-Pot Transformation of Citronellal to Menthol Over H-Beta Zeolite Supported Ni Catalyst: Effect of Catalyst Support Acidity and Ni Loading
Authors: Taghavi Somayeh , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Vajglová Zuzana , Peurla Markus , Angervo Ilari , Eränen Kari , Ghedini Elena , Menegazzo Federica , Zendehdel Mojgan , Signoretto Michela , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: October 2022

Citronellal was converted to menthol in a one-pot approach using H-Beta zeolite-based Ni catalyst in a batch reactor at 80 °C, under 20 bar of total pressure. The effects of H-Beta acidity (H-Beta-25 with the molar ratio SiO2/Al2O3 = 25 and H-Beta-300 with SiO2/Al2O3 = 300) and Ni loading (5, 10 and 15 wt %) on the catalytic performance were investigated. Ni was impregnated on H-Beta support using the evaporation-impregnation method. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, ICP-OES, N2 physisorption, TPR, and pyridine adsorption–desorption FTIR techniques. Activity and selectivity of catalysts were strongly affected by the Brønsted and Lewis acid sites concentration and strength, Ni loading, its particle size and dispersion. A synergetic effect of appropriate acidity and suitable Ni loading in 15 wt.% Ni/H-Beta-25 catalyst led to the best performance giving 36% yield of menthols and 77% stereoselectivity to ( ±)-menthol isomer at 93% citronellal conversion. Moreover, the catalyst was successfully regenerated and reused giving similar activity, selectivity and stereoselectivity to the desired ( ±)-menthol isomer as the fresh one.

Graphical Abstract
Independent Supported Housing Versus Institutionalised Residential Rehabilitation for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: A Survey of Attitudes and Working Conditions Among Mental Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Adamus Christine , Alpiger Jovin , Jäger Matthias , Richter Dirk , Mötteli Sonja
Published: October 2022

Despite widespread support for Independent Supported Housing (ISH) interventions, psychiatric housing rehabilitation still commonly takes place in residential care facilities (RCFs). This study compares preferences, attitudes and working conditions of mental healthcare professionals (MHCPs) in ISH and RCFs using an online survey. The survey included setting preferences, stress and strain at work, recovery attitudes, stigmatisation, and factors experienced as particularly important or obstructive in housing rehabilitation. Data were analysed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Of the 112 participating MHCPs, 37% worked in ISH and 63% in RCFs. Professionals’ education, work-related demands and influence at work were higher in ISH, stigmatising attitudes were higher in RCFs. MHCPs in both settings endorsed ISH. The support process was seen as particularly important whereas stigmatisation, regulatory and political requirements were seen as obstructive for successful housing rehabilitation. Results indicate that social inclusion of individuals with severe mental illness is seldom feasible without professional support.
Use of orange peel extract as an inhibitor of stainless steel corrosion during acid washing in a multistage flash desalination plant
Authors: Barghout Nehal A. , El Nemr Ahmed , Abd-El-Nabey B. A. , Fetouh H. A. , Ragab Safaa , Eddy Nnabuk Okon
Published: October 2022

Environmentally friendly and cost-effective inhibitors based on orange peel extract (OPE) have been developed for potential applications in ejector tubes of a multistage desalination plant during the acid cleaning process. After conducting tests under both static and hydrodynamic circumstances, it was determined that the inhibitor formulation was effective against corrosion of stainless steel (SS) in 1 M HCl solution at 30 °C under the conditions tested. Electrochemical methods were used along with electron microscopy to collect information on the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the extract. Experiments were conducted for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h, and the performance of OPE was compared to that of a commercial acid corrosion inhibitor to determine which performed better. The results revealed that OPE demonstrated outstanding corrosion inhibition performance compared to the commercial acid corrosion inhibitor. With remarkable inhibition efficacy for up to 24 h under both static and dynamic settings, 0.4% of OPE displayed typical mixed-type corrosion inhibitor behavior in the tested environment. All of the procedures that were used produced results that were in good agreement. Due to the synergistic action between the two compounds, the corrosion inhibition of OPE on SS was improved in 1 M HCl in the presence of iodide ions. In the absence of KI, OPE was found to inhibit SS corrosion at a concentration-dependent rate, with the concentration of OPE being the most significant factor. A study of the adsorption of OPE onto a SS surface revealed that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm controls the process. Based on the quantity of free energy of adsorption observed, it was determined that there is physical contact between the OPE and the surface of SS in this experiment. It was possible to identify the most effective phytochemicals for corrosion inhibition based on the findings of quantum chemical calculations, which were subsequently evaluated in the laboratory.

Graphical abstract
Higher Sensory Sensitivity is Linked to Greater Expansion Amongst Functional Connectivity Gradients
Authors: del Río Magdalena , Racey Chris , Ren Zhiting , Qiu Jiang , Wang Hao-Ting , Ward Jamie
Published: October 2022

Insofar as the autistic-like phenotype presents in the general population, it consists of partially dissociable traits, such as social and sensory issues. Here, we investigate individual differences in cortical organisation related to autistic-like traits. Connectome gradient decomposition based on resting state fMRI data reliably reveals a principal gradient spanning from unimodal to transmodal regions, reflecting the transition from perception to abstract cognition. In our non-clinical sample, this gradient's expansion, indicating less integration between visual and default mode networks, correlates with subjective sensory sensitivity (measured using the Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire, GSQ), but not other autistic-like traits (measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, AQ). This novel brain-based correlate of the GSQ demonstrates sensory issues can be disentangled from the wider autistic-like phenotype.
Resonance ionization of zirconium
Authors: Trappitsch R. , Shulaker D. Z. , Ong W.-J. , Savina M. R. , Isselhardt B. H.
Published: October 2022

Measuring the isotopic composition of trace Zr in presolar stardust grains allows us to study the environment of slow neutron-capture nucleosynthesis in asymptotic giant branch stars. Here, we present a newly characterized Zr resonance ionization scheme that can be saturated with state-of-the-art titanium-sapphire lasers and yields a useful yield of (5.4 ± 0.4)%. Resonance ionization is achieved in two steps: after first being excited with a photon at 319.215 nm, neutral Zr atoms are then ionized with a photon at 388.988 nm, where both wavelengths are reported as in vacuum.
The Swedish version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality Of Life measure (ACL-QOL): translation and measurement properties
Authors: Filbay Stephanie R. , Grevnerts Hanna Tigerstrand , Sonesson Sofi , Hedevik Henrik , Kvist Joanna
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To translate the ACL-QOL from English to Swedish and evaluate measurement properties for use after surgical and non-surgical management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Methods

The ACL-QOL was translated from English to Swedish and data were pooled from 13 cohorts to enable a comprehensive evaluation of measurement properties in line with COSMIN guidelines. We evaluated internal consistency, test–re-test reliability, measurement error, structural validity [confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)], construct validity and responsiveness (hypothesis testing), and floor/ceiling effects. Results were stratified by time since injury (≤ 1.5 years; 2–10 years, 15–25 years; > 30 years) and ACL management strategy [surgical (n = 1163), non-surgical (n = 570)].

Results

The Swedish ACL-QOL had sufficient internal consistency (total and domain scores) for use in surgically managed (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.744) and non-surgically managed (≥ 0.770) ACL-injured individuals at all time-points. Test–re-test reliability was sufficient [intraclass correlation coefficients: all domains > 0.80, total score 0.93 (95% CI 0.86–0.96)]. The standard error of measurement was 5.6 for the total score and ranged from 7.0 to 10.3 for each domain. CFA indicated sufficient SRMR values when using the total score or five domains; however, CFI and RMSEA values did not meet cut-offs for good model fit. Hypothesis testing indicated sufficient construct validity and responsiveness. Floor effects were negligible and ceiling effects were negligible or minor.

Conclusion

The Swedish version of the ACL-QOL has sufficient internal consistency, test–re-test reliability, construct validity and responsiveness, for use in people with ACL injury managed with or without ACL surgery. Model fit could be improved and investigation into the source of misfit is warranted.
The Reflected Face as a Mask of the Self: An Appraisal of the Psychological and Neuroscientific Research About Self-face Recognition
Authors: Volpara Gabriele , Nani Andrea , Cauda Franco
Published: October 2022

This study reviews research about the recognition of one’s own face and discusses scientific techniques (especially the instrument of the mirror) to investigate differences in brain activation when looking at familiar faces compared to unfamiliar ones. Our analysis highlights how people do not possess a perception of their own face that corresponds precisely to reality, and how the awareness of one’s face can also be modulated by means of the enfacement illusion. This illusion allows one to maintain a sense of self at the expense of a precise discrimination of self-face. The internal dynamics of different brain processes, associated with the construction of bodily identity and the sense of self and capable of integrating signals from different sensory channels, particularly visual and tactile, create a mirror-mask effect. According to this effect, the self-face reflected by a mirror becomes a mask for the self, which has the features of the subject’s face, but nonetheless does not correspond perfectly to its characteristics. This poses interesting questions about the nature and construction of one’s self, as self-face reflections allow the mind to mediate between analogue and virtual reality, between past and future events, between memories and plans of action and, most importantly, between beliefs about our identities.
The Multiple Dimensions of Embeddedness of Small Multinational Enterprises
Authors: Vanninen Heini , McNaughton Rod B. , Kuivalainen Olli
Published: October 2022

This research investigates how small multinational enterprises (small MNEs) internationalize by opening branch offices or subsidiaries in foreign markets, managing their multiple embeddedness in their host and home locations, and their subsidiaries’ dual embeddedness in external environments and within their organizations. We study four small multinational enterprises, two each from the small open economies of New Zealand and Finland, and we use literature from entrepreneurship and international business to derive a model of these multiple dimensions of embeddedness. The cases illustrate how firms can become more (or less) embedded in their locations through their physical presence, operations, key employees, and local hires while achieving internal organizational embeddedness through their corporate structure and social and technological bridging. Our research gives insight into how small MNEs may overcome their liabilities of smallness, foreignness, and outsidership by drawing on resources from home and host locations and sharing this throughout the organization.
Mindfulness-Based Strategies for Improving Sleep in People with Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Peters Allie L. , Saunders William J. , Jackson Melinda L.
Published: October 2022

Purpose of the Review

To review the recent literature on mindfulness-based strategies for improving self-report and objective measures of sleep, in individuals with psychiatric disorders.

Recent Findings

Currently, research provides some support for the use of mindfulness-based interventions to improve sleep amongst individuals with psychiatric comorbidities. The strongest evidence was for the use of standardized programs, particularly for improving sleep in anxiety and depressive disorders. There is a paucity of well-controlled studies using validated subjective or objective measures of sleep. As these interventions were not specifically designed to target sleep, observed improvements may be an indirect consequence of reduced psychiatric symptoms.

Summary

There is insufficient research into the application of mindfulness-based strategies to improve sleep or treat sleep disorders in people with psychiatric disorders. Well-controlled studies using standardized, mindfulness-based interventions developed to target sleep, such as mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia, may optimize the potential benefits of mindfulness for sleep in psychiatric populations.
Quality of data sets that feed AI and big data applications for law enforcement
Authors: Kusak Martyna
Published: October 2022

In the era of big data and artificial intelligence (AI), where aggregated data is used to learn about patterns and for decision-making, quality of input data seems to be of paramount importance. Poor data quality may lead not only to wrong outcomes, which will simply render the application useless, but more importantly to fundamental rights breaches and undermined trust in the public authorities using such applications. In law enforcement as in other sectors the question of how to ensure that data used for the development of big data and AI applications meet quality standards remains. This paper provides an overview of this topic, reporting selected issues stemming from big data, nonpersonal data and regulatory contexts. It concludes that the topic is still underexplored and sets areas for further research.
The Oncogenesis of Glial Cells in Diffuse Gliomas and Clinical Opportunities
Authors: Zhuang Qiyuan , Yang Hui , Mao Ying
Published: October 2022

Glioma is the most common and lethal intrinsic primary tumor of the brain. Its controversial origins may contribute to its heterogeneity, creating challenges and difficulties in the development of therapies. Among the components constituting tumors, glioma stem cells are highly plastic subpopulations that are thought to be the site of tumor initiation. Neural stem cells/progenitor cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are possible lineage groups populating the bulk of the tumor, in which gene mutations related to cell-cycle or metabolic enzymes dramatically affect this transformation. Novel approaches have revealed the tumor-promoting properties of distinct tumor cell states, glial, neural, and immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. Communication between tumor cells and other normal cells manipulate tumor progression and influence sensitivity to therapy. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity and relevant functions of tumor cell state, microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neurons in glioma, highlighting their bilateral effects on tumors. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic approaches and targets beyond standard treatments.
A Novel de novo KIF1A Mutation in a Patient with Ataxia, Intellectual Disability and Mild Foot Deformity
Authors: Hama Yuka , Date Hidetoshi , Fujimoto Akiko , Matsui Ayano , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Mitsui Jun , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Tsuji Shoji , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Takahashi Yuji
Published: October 2022

Early-onset ataxias are often difficult to diagnose due to the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful method for determining causative mutations of early-onset ataxias. We report a case in which a novel de novo KIF1A mutation was identified in a patient with ataxia, intellectual disability and mild foot deformity.

A patient presented with sporadic forms of ataxia with mild foot deformity, intellectual disability, peripheral neuropathy, pyramidal signs, and orthostatic hypotension. WES was used to identify a novel de novo mutation in KIF1A, a known causative gene of neurodegeneration and spasticity with or without cerebellar atrophy or cortical visual impairment syndrome (NESCAVS).

We report a novel phenotype of NESCAVS that is associated with a novel de novo missense mutation in KIF1A, which provides valuable information for the diagnosis of NESCAVS even in the era of WES. Early rehabilitation of patients with NESCAVS may prevent symptom worsening and improve the disease course.
Combination bromo- and extraterminal domain and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition synergistically enhances DNA damage and inhibits neuroblastoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Jacobson Jillian C. , Qiao Jingbo , Clark Rachael A. , Chung Dai H.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

JQ1 is a bromo- and extraterminal (BET) domain inhibitor that downregulates MYC expression and impairs the DNA damage response. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors prevent DNA damage sensing and repair. We hypothesized that JQ1 would promote a DNA repair-deficient phenotype that sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to PARP inhibition.

Methods

Four human neuroblastoma cell lines were examined: two MYCN-amplified (BE(2)-C and IMR-32), and two non-MYCN-amplified (SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y). Cells were treated with JQ1 (BET inhibitor), Olaparib (PARP inhibitor), or in combination to assess for therapeutic synergy of JQ1 and Olaparib. Treated cells were harvested and analyzed. Quantitative assessment of combination treatment synergy was performed using the median effect principle of Chou and Talalay.

Results

Combination treatment with Olaparib decreased the IC50 of JQ1 by 19.9-fold, 2.0-fold, 12.1-fold, and 2.0-fold in the BE(2)-C, IMR-32, SK-N-SH, and SH-SY5Y cell lines, respectively. In the MYCN-amplified cell lines, BE(2)-C and IMR-32, combination treatment decreased gene expression of MYCN relative to single-drug treatment alone or control. Combination treatment decreased protein expression of DNA repair proteins Ku80 and RAD51, led to accumulation of DNA damage marker phospho-histone H2A.X, and increased caspase activity. In the non-MYCN-amplified cell lines, SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y, combination treatment induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.

Conclusions

Combination BET and PARP inhibition synergistically inhibited neuroblastoma tumorigenesis in vitro. In MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells, this effect may be induced by downregulation of MYCN transcription, defects in DNA repair, accumulation of DNA damage, and apoptosis. In non-MYCN-amplified cell lines, combination treatment induced cell cycle arrest.
A gender approach to time and food security: a case study of Egypt
Authors: ElKhorazaty Noha E. , Zaky Hassan H. M.
Published: October 2022

Women’s subsistence contribution to household food security is undeniable. However, due to the dominance of capital bias in most labour economies, rural women in particular lack agency to improve capacity and access to resources and opportunities, and they need to be more productive. This knowledge gap is the subject of many studies on sustainable agricultural development and gender equity. Although the consensus necessitates policy interventions targeting the gender gap in agriculture resources, not enough research has been dedicated to quantifying the importance of women subsistence agricultural labour within the Egyptian national context. This article seeks to statistically analyse women’s role in subsistence agriculture, estimated by a national time-use survey conducted in 2018 in Egypt. The goal is to highlight their capacity to contribute to food and nutrition security and quantify the real impact of rural women’s subsistence agriculture labour on rural household food security versus that of rural men. This will contribute to the debate that investigating rural women in agriculture promotes rural community sustainability and highlights their capacity for agricultural production.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for Venom-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy Following Hump-Nosed Pit Viper (Genus: Hypnale) Bites: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Rathnayaka R.M.M.K. Namal , Nishanthi Ranathunga P.E. Anusha , Kularatne S.A.M. , Sugathadasa Kalpana
Published: October 2022

Introduction

—Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which is the triad of acute kidney injury (AKI), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), and thrombocytopenia, is a rare complication of snakebites, and in Sri Lanka, it is commonly seen with hump-nosed pit viper (HNPV) bites.

Methods

—We conducted a prospective observational study of patients with AKI caused by HNPV bites in Teaching Hospital, Ratnapura, Sri Lanka for 6 y, commencing in June 2015. Some patients with TMA underwent therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and some did not. These 2 groups were compared. Statistical analysis was carried out using Minitab 18.1. Data were presented as median (IQR).

Results

—There were 52 (8%) patients with TMA, of whom 21 (45%) were in the TPE group and 26 (55%) were in the non-TPE group. TPE improved time to platelet correction (4 d [IQR, 4–5 d] vs 7 d [IQR, 5–9 d]; P=0.009), time to MAHA correction (5 d [IQR, 3–4 d] vs 7 d [IQR, 6–9 d]; P=0.004), time to prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) correction (1 d [IQR, 1–2 d] vs 3 d [IQR, 3–4 d]; P=0.003), and time to 20 min whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) correction (2 d [IQR, 1–2 d] vs 3 d [1QR 2–3 d]; P=0.020). Renal recovery was predicted by TPE ( P=0.048) and highest creatinine level ( P=0.001). There was no association between TPE and dialysis dependency at discharge ( P=0.597), length of hospital stay ( P=0.220), and the number of dialysis cycles prior to discharge ( P=0.540). TPE did not improve the number of blood transfusions (5 packs [IQR, 3–8.5 packs] vs 4 packs [IQR, 0–9 packs]; P=0.290).

Conclusions

—TPE is effective for TMA in the early correction of platelet counts, MAHA, PT/INR, and WBCT20 in HNPV bites.
Causal Powers and the Intentionality Continuum
Authors: Bauer William A.
Published: October 2022

Why does anything happen? What is the best account of natural necessity? In this book, William A. Bauer presents and defends a comprehensive account of the internal structure of causal powers that incorporates physical intentionality and information. Bauer explores new lines of thought concerning the theory of pure powers (powerful properties devoid of any qualitative nature), the place of mind in the physical world, and the role of information in explaining fundamental processes. He raises probing questions about physical modality and fundamental properties, and explores the possibility that physical reality and the mind are unified through intentionality. His book will be valuable for researchers and students working in metaphysics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of mind.
International Law and Transitional Justice: Exploring Some Challenges Through the Colombian Case
Authors: Alviar-García Helena , Betancur-Restrepo Laura
Published: October 2022

Latin America has always been central to the configuration, interpretation, and operation of the field of transitional justice. Starting in the late 1980s with contributions from scholars interested in democratic transitions after dictatorships in the Southern Cone, the 1996 signing of the Peace Agreement in Guatemala, and the Truth Commission in Peru, to the more recent case of Colombia, Latin American academics and activists have contributed significantly to the theory and practice of transitional justice. This essay explores a question central to recent transitional justice processes: the interaction and possible contradictions between the aim of ending a violent internal conflict and the demands imposed by international law. Colombia serves as an example. The Colombian case is informed by all previous experiences, but it is also novel because it is the first transitional justice process established in the region since the establishment of the International Criminal Court. Although the Colombian process is still being implemented and it is too early to claim its success or failure, the case offers important insights into the tense, complex, and overarching interactions between international law, internal peace, and transitional justice. This essay explores how local and external actors involved in negotiating and implementing the agreement presented international law as if it were univocal and universal, as if there were no competing interpretations within the discipline, and as if it were neutral in relation to local political discussions. Building upon this analysis, the goal is to shed light upon the ideological uses of international law.
El Populismo y su Antagonismo Hacia el Derecho Internacional: Lecciones desde Latinoamérica
Authors: Prieto Rudolphy Marcela
Published: October 2022

La literatura sobre el Derecho internacional suele asumir que la relación del populismo con este último es antagónica1. Sin embargo, una perspectiva centrada en América Latina, donde el populismo ha sido estudiado desde principios del siglo veinte, complejiza esta noción: líderes populistas han adoptado el multilateralismo, promovido la unidad regional e intentado crear instituciones internacionales. Además, tanto populistas como nopopulistas han resistido instituciones internacionales. Este ensayo problematiza la asunción de una relación necesariamente antagónica entre el populismo y el Derecho internacional, sosteniendo que dicha asunción carece de sustento empírico y está teóricamente subdesarrollada. Latinoamérica es un lugar relevante para problematizar esta noción, debido al rol del Poder Ejecutivo en la conducción de relaciones exteriores2 y la rica historia intelectual en la región respecto del populismo. El ensayo enfatiza la necesidad de desarrollar un marco teórico adecuado para el estudio de la relación entre populismo y Derecho internacional, marco que debiese ser menos eurocéntrico y sesgado normativamente, sin asumir que la resistencia al Derecho internacional siempre carece de mérito. Adicionalmente, debería permitirnos identificar lo distintivamente populista en esta relación y qué aspectos están mediados por las ideologías huésped.
Use of leading practices in US hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs
Authors: Stenehjem Edward A. , Braun Barbara I. , Chitavi Salome O. , Hyun David Y. , Schmaltz Stephen P. , Fakih Mohamad G. , Neuhauser Melinda M. , Davidson Lisa E. , Meyer Marc J. , Tamma Pranita D. , Dodds-Ashley Elizabeth S. , Baker David W.
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To determine the proportion of hospitals that implemented 6 leading practices in their antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). Design: Cross-sectional observational survey.

Setting:

Acute-care hospitals.

Participants:

ASP leaders.

Methods:

Advance letters and electronic questionnaires were initiated February 2020. Primary outcomes were percentage of hospitals that (1) implemented facility-specific treatment guidelines (FSTG); (2) performed interactive prospective audit and feedback (PAF) either face-to-face or by telephone; (3) optimized diagnostic testing; (4) measured antibiotic utilization; (5) measured C. difficile infection (CDI); and (6) measured adherence to FSTGs.

Results:

Of 948 hospitals invited, 288 (30.4%) completed the questionnaire. Among them, 82 (28.5%) had <99 beds, 162 (56.3%) had 100–399 beds, and 44 (15.2%) had ≥400+ beds. Also, 230 (79.9%) were healthcare system members. Moreover, 161 hospitals (54.8%) reported implementing FSTGs; 214 (72.4%) performed interactive PAF; 105 (34.9%) implemented procedures to optimize diagnostic testing; 235 (79.8%) measured antibiotic utilization; 258 (88.2%) measured CDI; and 110 (37.1%) measured FSTG adherence. Small hospitals performed less interactive PAF (61.0%; P = .0018). Small and nonsystem hospitals were less likely to optimize diagnostic testing: 25.2% (P = .030) and 21.0% (P = .0077), respectively. Small hospitals were less likely to measure antibiotic utilization (67.8%; P = .0010) and CDI (80.3%; P = .0038). Nonsystem hospitals were less likely to implement FSTGs (34.3%; P < .001).

Conclusions:

Significant variation exists in the adoption of ASP leading practices. A minority of hospitals have taken action to optimize diagnostic testing and measure adherence to FSTGs. Additional efforts are needed to expand adoption of leading practices across all acute-care hospitals with the greatest need in smaller hospitals.
Understanding of turbulence modulation and particle response in a particle-laden jet from direct numerical simulations
Authors: Zhou Hua , Hawkes Evatt R. , Lau Timothy C.W. , Chin Rey , Nathan Graham J. , Wang Haiou
Published: October 2022

Point-particle direct numerical simulations have been employed to quantify the turbulence modulation and particle responses in a turbulent particle-laden jet in the two-way coupled regime with an inlet Reynolds number based on bulk velocity and jet diameter

$({D_j})$

of ~10 000. The investigation focuses on three cases with inlet bulk Stokes numbers of 0.3, 1.4 and 11.2. Special care is taken to account for the particle–gas slip velocity and non-uniform particle concentrations at the nozzle outlet, enabling a reasonable prediction of particle velocity and concentration fields. Turbulence modulation is quantified by the variation of the gas-phase turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The presence of the particle phase is found to damp the gas-phase TKE in the near-field region within

$5{D_j}$

from the inlet but subsequently increases the TKE in the intermediate region of (5–20)Dj. An analysis of the gas-phase TKE transport equation reveals that the direct impact of the particle phase is to dissipate TKE via the particle-induced source term. However, the finite inertia of the particle phase affects the gas-phase velocity gradients, which indirectly affects the TKE production and dissipation, leading to the observed TKE attenuation and enhancement. Particle response to the gas-phase flow is quantified. Particles are found to exhibit notably stronger response to the gas-phase axial velocity than to the radial velocity. A new dimensionless figure is presented that collapses both the axial and radial components of the particle response as a function of the local Stokes number based on their respective integral length scales.
Slowing down convective instabilities in corrugated Couette–Poiseuille flow
Authors: Yadav N. , Gepner S.W.
Published: October 2022

Couette–Poiseuille (CP) flow in the presence of longitudinal grooves is studied by means of numerical analysis. The flow is actuated by movement of the flat wall and pressure imposed in the opposite direction. The stationary wall features longitudinal grooves that modify the flow, change hydrodynamic drag on the driving wall and cause onset of hydrodynamic instability in the form of travelling waves with a consequent supercritical bifurcation, already at moderate ranges of the Reynolds number. We show that by manipulating this system it is possible to significantly decrease phase speed of the unstable wave and to effectively decouple time scales of wave propagation and amplification with a potential to significantly reduce the distance required for the onset of nonlinear effects. Current analysis begins with concise characterization of stationary, laminar CP flow and the effects of applying a selected corrugation pattern, followed by determination of conditions leading to the onset of instabilities. In the second part we illustrate selected nonlinear solutions obtained for low, supercritical values of the Reynolds numbers and due to the amplification of unstable travelling waves of possibly low phase velocities. This work is concluded with a short discussion of a linear evolution of a wave packet consisting of a superposition of a number of unstable waves and initiated by a localized pulse. This part illustrates that in addition to the reduction of the phase velocity of a single, unstable mode, imposition of the Couette component also reduces group velocity of a wave packet.
Chinese Nationalism: Insights and Opportunities for Comparative Studies
Authors: Stroup David R.
Published: October 2022

Comparative studies of nationalism rarely incorporate China as a case in their observations. Despite the rise of nationalism in salience throughout Chinese society, studies of nationalism in China are frequently tagged as insularly focused and unsuitable for comparison. However, a survey of the literature in Chinese nationalism studies reveals that similar blind spots and limitations challenge studies of China with more general comparative research on nationalism. Given this parallelism in development, I argue that looking to observations of China provides scholars of nationalism with vital opportunities to expand and refine theory to include insights from a non-western, non-democratic case.
The Rise and Fall of George Frederic Augustus II: The Central American, Caribbean, and Atlantic Life of a Miskitu King, 1805–1824
Authors: Clavel Damian
Published: October 2022

Retracing closely the events of the life of George Frederic, king of the Miskitu (in present-day Honduras and Nicaragua) between 1816 and 1824, this article describes how this Miskitu actor sought to set up, by hiring British agents, the concrete realization of a Central American commercial and political independence project—understood here as a utopia. Although his project ended in failure, the actions of this little-known Miskitu king had repercussions in the Caribbean and beyond, even in the heart of the City of London. Concentrating on a marginal actor seldom considered by historians reveals how particular American Indigenous peoples sought to actively position themselves in the important commercial and political transformations affecting the Atlantic World in the first decades of the nineteenth century.
Enhanced Global Asset Pricing Factors
Authors: Zimmermann Lukas
Published: October 2022

This article constructs and examines enhanced global return factors. I focus on three different enhancement approaches. First, I incorporate information about the covariance structure in the cross-section of stock returns. Second, I employ volatility-reducing techniques in the time series. Third, I exploit diversification benefits. I form six categorical factors by aggregating information from 214 characteristics. Further, I diversify across factors. The enhancement mechanisms are largely successful and when jointly applied increase the optimal Sharpe ratio on average by a factor of 1.96 compared to the traditional factors. My results point to the importance of employing efficient factors in asset pricing studies.
Structural Change and State Policy: The Politics of Sugar in Brazil since 1964
Authors: Nunberg Barbara
Published: October 2022

The distinctive blend of authoritarian and technocratic rule in Brazil since 1964 has been well explored in its implications for industrial policy, but the consequences of two decades of military rule for agriculture are only now being studied. This article will analyze state policy in the single agricultural sector of sugar in light of major changes in sociopolitical and economic structures and in view of the particular relations between the state and civil society that have characterized Brazil after 1964. Although debate continues over the precise nature of these relations, it is widely held that the state played the dominant role in the policy process, subordinating elites, excluding popular classes from the decision-making arena, and incorporating international capital as a critical element in economic growth.
The Regional Implications of Public Investment in Peru, 1968–1983
Authors: Wilson Patricia A. , Wise Carol
Published: October 2022

The past fifteen years in Peru have seen dramatic changes in the role of the public sector in the accumulation and distribution of capital. Increasing structural pressures on the economy, combined with growing disillusionment over the distributional results of the prevailing economic liberalism, set the stage for a nationalist military coup in 1968. With the advent of General Juan Velasco Alvarado and his Gobierno Revolucionario de las Fuerzas Armadas, the public sector shifted from its previous ancillary position of facilitating private investment to emerge as the prime generator of economic growth.