bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opłata legalizacyjna – konstrukcja prawna oraz zasady wymiaru w świetle regulacji ustawy Prawo wodne
Authors: Ofiarska Małgorzata
Published: February 2023

W opracowaniu przedstawiono podstawowe elementy prawnej konstrukcji opłaty legalizacyjnej oraz zasady jej wymierzania unormowane w przepisach ustawy Prawo wodne. Wniesienie opłaty legalizacyjnej jest niezbędnym warunkiem zaakceptowania, w drodze decyzji uprawnionego organu, wykonanego z naruszeniem prawa urządzenia wodnego. Wpływy z tych opłat są źródłem przychodów Państwowego Gospodarstwa Wodnego „Wody Polskie” mającego status prawny jednostki sektora finansów publicznych. W ustawie Prawo wodne opłatę legalizacyjną zaliczono do katalogu instrumentów ekonomicznych gospodarowania wodami. Ustalono w ustawie przedmiot tej opłaty oraz stawkę kwotową od każdego urządzenia wodnego. Zobowiązanym do wniesienia tej opłaty jest właściciel nielegalnie wykonanego urządzenia wodnego. Uiszczenie opłaty legalizacyjnej jest końcowym etapem procedury legalizacyjnej stanowiącej alternatywę dla nakazu likwidacji urządzenia wodnego wykonanego bez zachowania prawnie określonych wymagań. W opracowaniu pozytywnie zweryfikowano tezę o dualnym charakterze opłaty legalizacyjnej. Pełni ona dwie funkcje, tzn. jest instrumentem zarządzania zasobami wodnymi oraz umożliwia właściwym organom zachowanie ustawowych standardów dotyczących realizacji i eksploatacji urządzeń wodnych.
Zasada proporcjonalności a warunki udziału w postępowaniu o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego
Authors: Taraszkiewicz Magdalena
Published: February 2023

Zasada proporcjonalności ma szczególne znaczenie przy ustalaniu przez zamawiającego warunków udziału w postępowaniu o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego. Zamawiający obowiązany jest ustalić warunki zamówienia w sposób adekwatny do przedmiotu zamówienia w szczególności odnoszący się do wartości, specyfiki i złożoności zamówienia. Warunki stawiane wykonawcom nie mogą być nader wygórowane, muszą być związane z przedmiotem zamówienia i odnosić się do minimalnych wymagań, jakie powinni spełnić wykonawcy. Proporcjonalność to również równoważenie interesu publicznego i interesów wykonawców. Nie oznacza to jednak, że zamawiający ma dopuścić do udziału w postępowaniu wszystkich wykonawców. Powinien on w oparciu o warunki zamówienia zakreślić krąg wykonawców, którzy dają rękojmie wykonania w należyty sposób zamówienia publicznego. Priorytetem zamawiającego jest więc udzielenie zamówienia publicznego wykonawcy, który wykona je prawidłowo, realizując tym samym interes publiczny.
Sytuacja osób fizycznych w zakresie wzruszenia decyzji ostatecznej i wiedza podatnika o dowodzie lub fakcie jako przesłanka negatywna w podatkowej procedurze wznowieniowej
Authors: Tsima Maria
Published: February 2023

Publikacja skupia się też na problematyce stosowania zasady prawdy materialnej w kontekście zauważalnej tendencji w orzecznictwie. Analiza dotyczy zwrotu „wyjdą na jaw istotne dla sprawy nowe okoliczności faktyczne lub nowe dowody” z art. 240 § 1 pkt 5 Ordynacji podatkowej. W myśl najnowszych rozstrzygnięć judykatura orzeka w analizowanym zagadnieniu zgodnie z zasadą trwałości decyzji z „uszczerbkiem” na zasadzie praworządności i zasadzie prawdy obiektywnej. Może to budzić wątpliwości.
The Evolving Taxonomy of Progressive Creation
Authors: Hofmann James R.
Published: February 2023

This essay is a critique of a version of progressive creation developed by Michael Chaberek, O. P. He holds that there are exceptions to evolutionary descent due to the supernatural production of “natural species,” taxa that allegedly do not have biological ancestry, are theologically identified with biblical kinds, and are metaphysically characterized by distinct substantial forms. Chaberek’s assertion that these natural species correspond “roughly” to the Linnaean taxa of biological families contradicts modern scientific conclusions regarding the continuity of evolutionary descent. To illustrate this conflict, I examine some of the extensive evidence for the evolutionary origins of families within the Feliformia sub-order. I conclude that Chaberek’s assertion of supernatural progressive creation is a God-of-the-gaps theology burdened by a defensive stance with respect to scientific progress.
Food Donations, Retail Operations, and Retail Pricing
Authors: Lowrey John D. , Richards Timothy J. , Hamilton Stephen F.
Published: February 2023

Problem definition: For grocery retailers, managing perishable food that is nearing expiry is a major challenge. Donating food to food banks is socially responsible, as it improves local communities and reduces waste generation. It also diverts food to a secondary, quality-differentiated market. Academic/practical relevance: In this paper, we quantify the economic impacts of this secondary market for food by examining donation and pricing behaviors for competing retailers. Methodology: We use a structural model of price-discriminating oligopoly retailers to study the effect of food donations on store and category-level demand and equilibrium prices. Empirically, we estimate the food donation effect using a unique data set of food donations and sales for several categories of perishable foods across two major retail chains that compete in the same market. Results: The competitive effects of food donations follow from the price-discrimination logic. First, food donations create a direct demand effect. Donations raise the average quality of products on display, shifting demand curves inward and rotating them clockwise (e.g., more inelastic). Second, food donations create a market enhancement effect, softening price competition and raising equilibrium prices among competing retailers. Managerial implications: Food donations increase food prices and store profits, tying the socially responsible option to an economic benefit. This study contributes a new type of reuse operation to the literature on closed-loop supply chains.

Funding: Funding from the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (National Institute for Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture) [Grant 2020-67021-31377] is acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1185 .
Repositioning Vocational and Technical Education in Nigeria: Work-Based Versus Work-Place Learning and Skill Acquisition Order
Authors: Adebisi Tajudeen , Santosa Budi
Published: February 2023

Vocational and technical education (VTE) is a stratum of education system that deals directly with acquisition of skills for work. Nigeria’s National Policy on Education (NPE) in Section 7 Numbers 40 to 57 expansively stresses the need for VTE with a view to producing formidable workforce with relevant vocational and technical competences necessary for sustainable national development. On this premise, this paper underscores repositioning VTE in Nigeria. This article conceptually explores the similarities as well as the differences between work-based learning and work-place learning. How these two concepts result into vocational and technical skill acquisition with their attendant demands forms a major section of this paper.  The paper views that if the opportunities for job skills acquisition offered by work-based and work-place learning could be purposively harnessed into the nation’s educational programme, the ever-rising unemployment rate in the country would drastically be alleviated.
School Contribution to the Community in the Implementation of Vocational High School Empowering Village Program in Kalibawang Sub-District of Wonosobo
Authors: Riyadi Riyadi , Sayuti Muhammad , Susatya Edhy
Published: February 2023

The objectives of this study are (1) to analyze  the contribution of SMK Negeri 1 Kalibawang in efforts to empower the village community of  Kalibawang  District through  the implementation of the 'SMK Membangun Desa' program;  (2) analyze the factors supporting the contribution  of SMK in efforts to empower the village community of  Kalibawang  District in the implementation of the 'SMK Membangun Desa' program;  (3) analyze the inhibiting factorsfor smk's contribution in efforts to empower the village  community of Kalibawang District in the implementation of the 'SMK Membangun Desa' program.

The research uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological strategies in the implementation of the 'SMK Membangun Desa' program. The research was carried out at SMK Negeri 1 Kalibawang and the Kalibawang District Government. Data collection is carried out by interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Data analysis and validation using  source triangulation  techniques.

The results showed that (1) the implementation of the 'SMK Membangun Desa' program is able to contribute to the improvement of human resources (HR) of the community and the economy of the Kalibawang community through community empowerment strategy-based activities that are integrated with the needs in the village and become one of the solutions to improve the competence of students in the industrial world and theproductivity of students, including:  career center on each competency of expertise (Motorcycle Engineering and Business, Accounting and Financial Institutions, Computer and Network Engineering), banana cultivation on SMK land, entrepreneur e-workshop training, marketing of home industry products, promotion of tourist village destinations, community service,  sharing public health, and launching  program 'SMK Building Villages towards superior smk based on empowerment.  (2) supporting factors in the implementation of the 'SMK Membangun Desa' program are the support of the village government,  the ability  of competent vocational schools, adequate infrastructure and facilities, and the commitment of all  SMK residents. (3) inhibiting factors in the implementation of the 'SMK Membangun Desa' program regarding time constraints that arethe same as the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, and program fundingcan be andmanaged independently because it is not a program assistance from the government.
Evaluation of The Role Syech Tambuh Foundation Community Work Training Center In Improving The Quality of Human Resources
Authors: Oktafiani Ahsri , Romadin Achmad , Nurhadi Didik
Published: February 2023

The Community Work Training Center has a mission to produce unskilled Human Resources to become skilled in several areas of expertise and have entrepreneurial skills. The aim of this research is to evaluate the role of Community Work Training Center of Syech Tambuh Foundation in improving the quality of Human Resources in in Islamic boarding schools and the surrounding environment. This research approach was descriptive qualitative. The source of data was obtained from observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings showed that the role of the Syech Tambuh Foundation Community Work Training Center is quite good. This foundation has used the curriculum standardized by the Ministry of Manpower. Syech Tambuh Foundation Community Work Training Center has collaborated with BRI, Bank Mandiri, Sampoerna Foundation and ITS. Generally, its graduates have become entrepreneurs and worked in several local and national industries. The conclusion of this research is that the role of Syech Foundation Community Work Training Center has grown quite well in providing training. Optimization of cooperation programs needs to be carried out to support the improvement of the quality of training in providing experience for the training participants
Hadis-Hadis tentang Salat pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 dalam NU dan Muhammadiyah
Authors: Basri Muhammad Ridha
Published: February 2023

Artikel ini mengkaji penggunaan hadis-hadis di kalangan NU dan Muhammadiyah tentang pelaksanaan ibadah salat yang merespons suasana pandemi Covid-19. Dalam situasi normal, salat Jumâ€™at wajib dilaksanakan secara berjamaah di masjid, sementara salat lima waktu sangat dianjurkan berjamaah di masjid. Pada 2 Maret 2020, Indonesia mengumumkan kasus pertama Covid-19. Merespons fakta ini, otoritas kesehatan sepakat menganjurkan pembatasan mobilitas sosial. Masyarakat diharuskan melakukan adaptasi kebiasaan baru, termasuk dalam pelaksanaan ibadah salat. Di awal pandemi, otoritas keagamaan di Indonesia mengeluarkan pandangan yang beragam, tidak semuanya menerima situasi darurat ini dan merubah kebiasaannya. Ada tokoh agama yang memahami Covid-19 sebagai azab dari Allah, sehingga masyarakat diajak untuk bertaubat dan memperbanyak doa. NU dan Muhammadiyah sebagai dua organisasi Islam terbesar yang bercorak moderat, melakukan respons ilmiah untuk memutus matarantai penyebaran virus. Selain melakukan upaya penanggulangan, NU dan Muhammadiyah mengeluarkan pandangan keagamaan tentang situasi Covid-19 untuk memahamkan dan membangun kesadaran masyarakat. Hadis-hadis Nabi yang dipahami dengan kaidah-kaidah fikih, prinsip maqasid syariah, serta pandangan para ulama menjadi rujukan NU dan Muhammadiyah dalam mencari legitimasi hukum terkait pelaksanaan salat di rumah. Artikel ini akan menjabarkan pandangan NU dan Muhammadiyah dalam pemahaman hadis-hadis Nabi menyikapi situasi Covid-19.
Experiences of staff and the support received following incidents of high-risk behaviours in acute mental health inpatient wards: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Rivett Emma , Wood Lisa
Published: February 2023

Background/Aims

Staff working in acute mental health inpatient environments are frequently exposed to patients who display high-risk behaviours. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of staff working with patients with high-risk behaviours in acute mental health inpatient wards, and the support that staff receive following exposure to these incidents.

Methods

A total of 10 participants were recruited from two acute mental health hospitals in England. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were identified: the direct impact of incidents; attempts to manage the impact of incidents; and current systems for managing incidents.

Conclusions

Overall, staff felt that support was lacking, and there was a fear that seeking support was a sign of weakness. Clear differences in staff reactions and responses to varying high-risk behaviours were revealed. Person-centred reflective support spaces, debriefing support, and skills training for staff, especially for self-harm and suicide, are required. Staff also require emotional support and emotion management skills.
Positive psychology pioneers: Kristin Neff's power and potential to influence mental health nursing
Authors: Macfarlane Jan
Published: February 2023

This article is the fifth in a series that celebrates the work of positive psychologists and how their work has the power and potential to influence mental health nursing practice. In this article, the work of Kristin Neff and her work on self-compassion is discussed. The practical activities provided in the article will help the reader increase their own awareness of self-compassion to develop their use and transferability within their own life.
Application expansion of small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix in complex and surgical wounds
Authors: Somani Ally-Khan
Published: February 2023

A wound is hard-to-heal or complex when the defect fails to progress through the normal stages of wound healing in a timely fashion. Hard-to-heal wounds such as diabetic foot or venous leg ulcers can be long-lasting conditions. Alternatively, complex acute wounds that occur from trauma, burns, postoperative, necrosis and some dermatological diseases can also result in hard-to-heal wounds. This article reviews important considerations in the management of complex acute wounds, such as time to wound closure, pain, scarring, patient satisfaction and identification of options that can promote healing of grafts and flaps, while reducing donor-site morbidity. Primary research has demonstrated the inherent benefits of small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix (SIS-ECM), a naturally occurring porcine matrix that promotes development of dermis-like tissue in both complex acute and hard-to-heal wounds. Presently, the literature provides mostly case studies demonstrating the benefits of SIS-ECM in the management of complex acute wounds. The available case series suggest emerging clinical benefits including rapid time to coverage, avoidance of donor-site complications and development of granulation tissue in locations of low circulation, which improves poor graft sites, potentially reducing dehiscence and providing support for reconstruction flaps and grafts.
Use of fetal bovine dermal repair scaffold in diabetic foot ulcers with recidivism: an open-label prospective clinical study
Authors: Lullove Eric
Published: February 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to establish the effectiveness of fetal bovine dermal scaffold (FBDS) application with multilayer offloading (standard of care) over that of traditional therapies in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Method:

Patients from a single centre in South Florida, US were recruited for this research. All patients underwent a run-in period of standardised care and vascular testing to determine and control the ability to heal. Patients were placed in multilayer offloading total contact cast (TCC) systems with application of FBDS every four weeks. Wound measurements and efficacy of offloading were monitored weekly.

Results:

In an older population with diabetes and above-normal body mass index (BMI), use of FBDS was successful in wound closure, with average time to closure of 7.85 weeks for the 20 patients in this study. It should be noted that surface wound area was reduced by approximately 40% by week 4 and by almost 83% by week 9. Follow-up at three and six months showed no residual or recurrent ulcerations in this study population for 19/20 patients.

Conclusion:

Total wound closure of hard-to-heal DFUs in this patient series study was achieved with local surgical debridement, TCC offloading and application(s) of a FBDS in older patients with above-normal BMI and in wounds of >4 weeks non-progressive healing. Furthermore, at three and six months, 19/20 patients' wounds remained closed and did not re-ulcerate.
COMPARISON OF TWO DIFFERENT JUDGMENT SCALES WITH THE AHP GSM OPERATOR PREFERENCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Canhasi-Kasemi Esma , Vardari Luan
Published: February 2023

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a method with elegant mathematical features that is widely used in multi-criteria decision making. One of the main applications of this method, which is frequently preferred by decision makers due to its systematic and understandable structure, includes addressing inadequacies in terms of numerical scales that are generally used in pairwise comparisons. Therefore, this study includes two different judgment scales, Saaty’s fundamental scale and the Balanced scale, which were used in the pairwise comparison stage. After the comparisons were made, the variance related to the consistency ratios and the range of the sensitivity was also observed. In the study, we discuss the use of both judgment scales in a real problem and their effects on priority estimation in the AHP. The study's goal is to evaluate the outcomes of Saaty’s fundamental scale and the Balanced scale in the AHP technique for the two current operators in Kosovo's GSM sector, VALA and IPKO, and assess the preference of students in Kosovo. The required data were obtained through a questionnaire and the importance weights of the decision criteria were calculated separately for each scale and compared. The preference order of the GSM operators was discovered according to each decision criterion and all criteria. The ranking of the weights obtained with both scales resulted in IPKO first, followed by VALA. The Balanced scale made the results lighter in the weight distribution. Another important result is that the pairwise comparisons made with the Balanced scale yielded results that are more sensitive.  In addition, the closeness of the priority vectors obtained with both scales according to Saaty’s compatibility index and Garuti’s compatibility index was examined.
Corporeality in Contemporary Iraqi Fiction
Authors: Jasim Khammas Hanan
Published: February 2023

The aesthetics of corporeality in post-2003 Iraqi fiction shows a development in perceiving the body both artistically and as a cultural sign. Corporeality is envisioned here on two levels: the first entails corporeality of the text as a dialectic space for the embodiment of corporeal experience. The second, involves the representation of the body as a technique to redefine and question corporeal and sexual identities. This article suggests that this new perception of corporeality indicates a new gaze towards the body in contemporary Iraqi fiction, manifested in: first, the dialectic relation between fragmented narration and fragmented corporeality as an embodiment of annihilation in a post-invasion and war context; second, the aesthetics of illness and disability as a mechanism to question normative bodies and to voice subaltern corporeality; finally, corporeal gender politics which build a novel perception of sexuality.
À perte de vue. Políticas de la visión en colectivos postautoriales
Authors: Valls Boix Juan Evaristo
Published: February 2023

El presente estudio analiza el lugar que ocupa la visibilidad en el desarrollo del pensamiento del Comité Invisible desde L'insurrection qui vient hasta Maintenant. Trata de enmarcarse la propuesta estético-política de este colectivo post-autorial en las derivas biopolíticas de finales del s. XX y principios del XXI, para mostrar un primer alineamiento del Comité con autores como Guy Debord o Gilles Deleuze, donde la clandestinidad es una estrategia para devenir ingobernables, y señalar después un desplazamiento problemático hacia una vindicación de la presencia y el reconocimiento. Desde posturas afines a la deconstrucción y el pensamiento de Jacques Derrida de los años 90, tratará de cuestionarse esta evolución intelectual y valorar el alcance de la disidencia de las políticas de la visibilidad de este colectivo.
Aprender de nuevo a leer
Authors: Fumis Daniela
Published: February 2023

Reseña sobre Teoría en tránsito. Arqueología de la crítica y la teoría literaria españolas de 1966 a la posdictadura, de Max Hidalgo Nácher. Santa Fe: Ediciones UNL, 2022. 506 páginas.
Fenómeno estético y problema global. Sobre Basura. Usos culturales de los desechos
Authors: Mejías Méndez Roberto Carlos
Published: February 2023

Reseña de Basura. Usos culturales de los desechos, de Maite Zubiaurre. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra, 2021. 274 páginas.
La contextualización de lo humano
Authors: Sevilla Llisterri Gabriel
Published: February 2023

Reseña de El teatre de Shakespeare en el seu context, de Jordi Coca. Barcelona: Edicions de 1984, 2022. 864 páginas.
Notas para el estudio del cine de ciencia ficción contemporáneo (2008-2022). Política: distopía, organización, revolución
Authors: Chuit Roganovich Roberto
Published: February 2023

El cine contemporáneo de ciencia ficción se nos muestra hoy como un género que parecería poner en tela de juicio el relato de la irrevocabilidad del capitalismo, del capitalismo que se narra a sí mismo como fin de la historia y como episodio necesario de una historia natural y teleologizada del hombre en comunidad. Así, la ciencia ficción, como tal vez en ningún otro género, hace práctica la pregunta acerca de los mundos posibles al tomar como materia prima, y a veces de forma inconsciente, el pulso de las fugas ideológicas del capitalismo contemporáneo. Las preguntas que nos interesa resolver a lo largo de este trabajo son, pues, ¿en qué se reconocen estas crisis políticas «reales» en las expresiones de la ciencia ficción contemporánea? ¿De qué manera se encuentran modelizadas y de qué formas, de haberlas, se resuelven narrativamente?
Experiencias en México que muestran cómo desde la neuroeducación se logra potenciar las competencias éticas y ciudadanas en los alumnos de Formación Profesional
Authors: Franco de la Rosa Ana Cecilia
Published: February 2023

Se sintetiza el trabajo de innovación en el curriculum de las clases transversales de Ética y Ciudadanía en alumnos de diferentes licenciaturas. El objetivo general fue determinar si realmente en las clases de ética, la neuroeducación moral y su aplicación en el trabajo comunitario con retos en escenarios reales y el análisis metacognitivo sobre el innatismo moral, potencia más las competencias éticas y ciudadanas en alumnos de profesional del Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey en México, que en clases normales de ética con una sola inmersión en la comunidad.   La importancia de las emociones y la  metacognición, en los procesos de aprendizaje y toma de decisiones en los dilemas éticos cotidianos que los alumnos van empoderando con la práctica de dilemas hipotéticos hacia los dilemas reales. Se presentan correlaciones entre los alumnos que vivieron la experiencia en living lab en comunidades indígenas en Chiapas, México y otras alumnos que aprendieron dentro de las aulas únicamente. Se comprobó que:  la neuroeducación moral y su aplicación en el trabajo comunitario con retos en escenarios reales mediante inserción total en las comunidades indígenas de Chiapas y el análisis metacognitivo sobre el innatismo moral, potencializa más las competencias éticas y ciudadanas en alumnos desde cuatro dimensiones: personal, interpersonal, profesional y social.  El rol de los profesores neuroeducadores morales coadyuvó significativamente. La empatía por el otro, alerta a la actuación de la protección y ayuda. Es necesario un mayor ejercicio de las funciones ejecutivas cognitivas complejas. En este sentido, trabajar con el desarrollo de la metacognición es uno de los componentes básicos para fomentar el desarrollo de aprendizajes significativos.
El metaverso en parámetros educativos
Authors: Codina Felip María José
Published: February 2023

El propósito de este trabajo es hacer un análisis aproximativo al metaverso como posible herramienta educativa. Este análisis se realizará a partir de los principios de la neuroeducación y desde la filosofía moral, entendiendo la finalidad de la educación como un bien social a proteger.  Con el objetivo de cumplir con este propósito la primera parte del trabajo aborda la cuestión de qué es el metaverso y cuáles son sus principales características. El segundo apartado recoge aquello que puede ofrecer el metaverso a la educación, como entornos inmersivos virtuales que puedan ser explorados con dispositivos hápticos y con gafas de realidad virtual, así como también recoge los datos que sustentan la idea de que el metaverso, como herramienta educativa, será bien acogida por la población en general. Para ello se ha hecho una revisión de los hábitos de uso de las tecnologías digitales y de las redes sociales y otras aplicaciones que ya se desarrollan en el metaverso, como Roblox.   En el tercer apartado se analiza la consistencia del metaverso con los principios de la educación. Para ello se ha hecho una selección de algunos de los principios neuroeducativos que guardan una relación más estrecha con la metodología propuesta para trabajar en entornos inmersivos. Para finalizar, la discusión se sitúa en torno a dos ejes: el primer eje son los problemas tangibles del metaverso, fundamentalmente de límites tecnológicos y de disposición de talento, el segundo eje se centra en la reflexión ética desde el marco neuroeducativo. Algunas de las conclusiones a las que se llega en este trabajo son: que la presencialidad no puede ser sustituida, que se ha de velar desde las instituciones públicas por el desarrollo adecuado de los entornos educativos virtuales y que el metaverso no puede abrir una brecha entre la población con más recursos y la que disponga de menos recursos.
Detailed derivation of the generalized Snell–Descartes laws from Fermat’s principle
Authors: Rousseau Emmanuel , Felbacq Didier
Published: February 2023

Beginning with Fermat’s principle, we provide a detailed derivation of the generalized laws of refraction and reflection for a geometry realizing a metasurface. We first solve the Euler–Lagrange equations for a light ray propagating across the metasurface. The ray-path equation is found analytically, and the results are supported by numerical calculations. We get generalized laws of refraction and reflection that have three main features: (i) They are relevant in gradient-index optics and in geometrical optics; (ii) A collection of rays emerges from the metasurface as a result of multiple reflections inside the metasurface; and (iii) The laws, although derived from Fermat’s principle, differ from previously published results.
Introduction to the feature issue on augmented/virtual reality: optics & photonics
Authors: Chen Chao Ping , Chen Ni , Lee Sin-Doo , Li Gang , Takaki Yasuhiro , Wyrowski Frank
Published: February 2023

In recent years, augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) has been attracting attention and investment in both the tech and academic communities, kickstarting a new wave of innovations. In the wake of this momentum, this feature issue was launched to cover the latest advances in this burgeoning field that pertains to optics and photonics. Alongside the 31 research articles being published, this introduction is appended to share with readers the behind-the-issue stories, submission statistics, reading guides, author biographies, and editors’ perspectives.
Multidimensional and multifunctional metasurface design using hybrid spin decoupling
Authors: Rind Yousaf Murtaza , Mahmood Nasir , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Tauqeer Tauseef , Zubair Muhammad , Massoud Yehia
Published: February 2023

Metasurfaces are nanometer-thick patterned interfaces that exhibit
unprecedented control over the quintessential properties of light and
provide a footing ground for many innovative optical effects and
groundbreaking phenomena like metalenses, complex wavefront shaping,
polarimetric sensing, etc. Often multifunctional metasurfaces enact a
multitude of simultaneous functionalities by employing the photonic
spin Hall effect (PSHE) that allows independent control of photons
through spin-orbital interactions. However, the exhibited optical
responses are locked to be opposite to each other, resulting in
significant design complexities, cross-talk, and noise while adding
more functionalities into a single device. Herein, we demonstrate
multifunctional all-dielectric transmissive metasurfaces exploiting
PSHE-based unique phase multiplexing as a generic designing method to
provide independent control of orthogonal helicities, squeezing
spin-dependent quad information channels with minimal observed noise
and cross-talk. To authenticate the proposed concept, multifocal
metalenses enabling spin-depended splitting in longitudinal and
transverse directions are demonstrated, which generate two
high-intensity focused spots under opposite handedness of the
circularly polarized incidence and all four focus spots under the
linearly polarized incidence of ultraviolet wavelengths. The proposed
functional domain enhancement of metasurfaces with high-resolution
phase modulation brings advances in compact multifunctional device
design to the fields of microscopy, communication, data storage,
imaging, etc.
3D sympathetic cooling and detection of levitated nanoparticles
Authors: Bykov Dmitry S. , Dania Lorenzo , Goschin Florian , Northup Tracy E.
Published: February 2023

Cooling the center-of-mass motion of levitated nanoparticles provides a route to quantum experiments at mesoscopic scales. Here we demonstrate three-dimensional sympathetic cooling and detection of the center-of-mass motion of a levitated silica nanoparticle. The nanoparticle is electrostatically coupled to a feedback-cooled particle while both particles are trapped in the same Paul trap. We identify two regimes, based on the strength of the cooling: in the first regime, the sympathetically cooled particle thermalizes with the directly cooled one, while in the second regime, the sympathetically cooled particle reaches a minimum temperature. This result provides a route to efficiently cool and detect particles that cannot be illuminated with strong laser light, such as absorptive particles, and paves the way for controlling the motion of arrays of several trapped nanoparticles.
Chiral topological add–drop filter for integrated quantum photonic circuits
Authors: Jalali Mehrabad M. , Foster A. P. , Martin N. J. , Dost R. , Clarke E. , Patil P. K. , Skolnick M. S. , Wilson L. R.
Published: February 2023

The integration of quantum emitters within topological nanophotonic devices enables the control of light–matter interactions at the single photon level. Here, we experimentally realize an integrated topological add–drop filter and observe multiport chiral emission from single photon emitters (quantum dots) embedded within the device. The filter is imprinted within a valley-Hall photonic crystal membrane and comprises a resonator evanescently coupled to a pair of access waveguides. We show that the longitudinal modes of the resonator enable the filter to perform wavelength-selective routing of light, protected by the underlying topology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that for a quantum dot located at a chiral point in the resonator, selective coupling occurs between well-defined spin states and specific pairs of the filter output ports. The combination of multiport routing, allied with the inherent nonreciprocity of the device at the single photon level, presents opportunities for the formation of complex quantum optical devices, such as an on-chip quantum optical circulator.
Noise-resilient deep tomographic imaging
Authors: Guo Zhen , Liu Zhiguang , Zhang Qihang , Barbastathis George , Glinsky Michael , Alpert Bradley K. , Levine Zachary
Published: February 2023

X-ray tomography is a non-destructive imaging technique that reveals the interior of an object from its projections at different angles. Under sparse-view and low-photon sampling, regularization priors are required to retrieve a high-fidelity reconstruction. Recently, deep learning has been used in X-ray tomography. The prior learned from training data replaces the general-purpose priors in iterative algorithms, achieving high-quality reconstructions with a neural network. Previous studies typically assume the noise statistics of testing data is acquired a priori from training data, leaving the network susceptible to a change in the noise characteristics under practical imaging conditions. In this work, we propose a noise-resilient deep-reconstruction algorithm for X-ray tomography. By training the network with regularized reconstructions from a conventional algorithm, the learned prior shows strong noise resilience without the need for additional training with noisy examples, and allows us to obtain acceptable reconstructions with fewer photons in testing data.
The advantages of our framework may further enable low-photon tomographic imaging where long acquisition times limit the ability to acquire a large training set.
Review on metal halide perovskite-based optoelectronic synapses
Authors: Hong Xitong , Liu Xingqiang , Liao Lei , Zou Xuming
Published: February 2023

With the progress of both photonics and electronics, optoelectronic synapses are considered potential candidates to challenge the von Neumann bottleneck and the field of visual bionics in the era of big data. They are also regarded as the basis for integrated artificial neural networks (ANNs) owing to their flexible optoelectronic tunable properties such as high bandwidth, low power consumption, and high-density integration. Over the recent years, following the emergence of metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials possessing fascinating optoelectronic properties, novel MHP-based optoelectronic synaptic devices have been exploited for numerous applications ranging from artificial vision systems (AVSs) to neuromorphic computing. Herein, we briefly review the application prospects and current status of MHP-based optoelectronic synapses, discuss the basic synaptic behaviors capable of being implemented, and assess their feasibility to mimic biological synapses. Then, we focus on the two-terminal optoelectronic synaptic memristors and three-terminal transistor synaptic phototransistors (SPTs), the two essential apparatus structures for optoelectronic synapses, expounding their basic features and operating mechanisms. Finally, we summarize the recent applications of optoelectronic synapses in neuromorphic systems, including neuromorphic computing, high-order learning behaviors, and neuromorphic vision systems, outlining their potential opportunities and future development directions as neuromorphic devices in the field of artificial intelligence (AI).
Perovskite/GaAs-nanowire hybrid structure photodetectors with ultrafast multiband response enhancement by band engineering
Authors: Hou Xiaobing , Hong Xitong , Lin Fengyuan , Cui Jinzhi , Dai Qian , Tian Qianlei , Meng Bingheng , Liu Yanjun , Tang Jilong , Li Kexue , Liao Lei , Wei Zhipeng
Published: February 2023

We developed a hybrid structure photodetector combining one-dimensional
(1D) inorganic GaAs nanowires and two-dimensional (2D) organic
perovskite materials, which can achieve various performance
enhancements using a relatively simple structure. Via the optical
absorption enhancement of perovskite and the type-II energy band
structure formed by the heterostructure, the responsivity and
detectivity of the photodetector from ultraviolet (UV) to visible
(Vis) wavelengths are significantly enhanced, reaching 75 A/W
and 1.49×1011 Jones, respectively. The response time of
the photodetector was significantly decreased by 3 orders, from
785 ms to 0.5 ms, and the dark current was further
reduced to 237 fA. A photodetector was prepared with enhanced
responsivity and ultrafast response time in the multiband region from
the UV to Vis wavelength. To the best of our knowledge, this is the
first time to combine inorganic III-V GaAs nanomaterials with organic
perovskite materials, which verifies the effective combination of
inorganic and organic materials in a mixed dimension. The excellent
photoelectric performance of the perovskite/GaAs-nanowire hybrid
structure photodetector makes it a potential candidate material for a
wide range of photoelectric applications such as multiband
photodetection.
Facebook addiction and affected academic performance among Ethiopian university students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dule Aman , Abdu Zakir , Hajure Mohammedamin , Mohammedhussein Mustefa , Girma Million , Gezimu Wubishet , Duguma Abdissa
Published: February 2023

Addiction is an extreme craving for and commitment to something, physically or psychologically. Currently, addiction to social media is the main emerging technology addiction, especially among the young generation. The main aim of the current study was to evaluate the status of Facebook addiction and its relation to academic performance and other correlates among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 students from December 1–30, 2021, and Facebook addiction was examined with the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Study Habit Questionnaire (SHQ) were employed to assess self-esteem, anxiety and depression symptoms, and study habits, respectively. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit the subjects, and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Statistics such as percentages, frequencies, mean ± SD, and mean differences were calculated. Multiple regression analysis was performed, and all the required assumptions were checked. The statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05 and a 95% CI. Results revealed that, the mean age of the students was 23.62 (SD = ±1.79) and 51.6% of the participants were male. The majority of the participants were addicted to Facebook, and Facebook addiction was positively linked with factors like lower academic achievements and the symptoms of anxiety and depression. In conclusion, Facebook addiction was found to be higher among study participants, and it is negatively affecting their academic performances. Similarly, it was associated with affected mental well-being and reduced self-esteem. It is better for the legislative body of the university to put firm policies in place for promoting safe use and reducing the detrimental effects of this problem among students.
The amoebicidal effect of Torreya nucifera extract on Acanthamoeba lugdunensis
Authors: Kang Min Seung , Kim Sangyoon , Kim Da Som , Yu Hak Sun , Lee Ji Eun
Published: February 2023

As the number of contact lens users increases, contact lens induced corneal infection is becoming more common. Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a type of those which is caused by Acanthamoeba species, and may cause severe ocular inflammation and visual loss. We evaluated whether Torreya nucifera (T. nucifera) extract has an anti-amoebic effect and studied its mechanism of action on Acanthamoeba lugdunensis (A. lugdunensis). Cell viability was tested using the alamarBlue™ method, and the cell death mechanism was confirmed using the Tali® Apoptosis Kit. The SYTOX® Green assay was performed to check the plasma membrane permeability. The JC-1 dye was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential. A CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Assay was used to measure the adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) level. Morphological changes in the mitochondria were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cystic changes and a decrease in cell viability after treatment with T. nucifera were observed. Both apoptotic and necrotic cells were found in the Tali® Apoptosis assay. There was no significant difference in plasma membrane permeability between the control and T. nucifera treated groups. The collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced ATP level in A. lugdunensis was confirmed in the groups treated with T. nucifera. Structural damage to the mitochondria was observed on TEM in the groups treated with T. nucifera. T. nucifera showed an anti-amoebic effect on A. lugdunensis, by inducing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, it could be a future therapeutic agent for AK.
Association of exogenous factors with the access to innovative pharmaceutical products in Hungary
Authors: Merész Gergő , Gaál Péter
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Access to innovative pharmaceuticals is thought to be associated with several exogenous factors related to the local legal or financial framework of pharmaceutical reimbursement. Our aim was to describe the association between the outcome of the reimbursement procedure on innovative pharmaceutical submissions in Hungary and several potential explanatory variables related to the legal or financial framework of reimbursement procedures, such as the submission implying a need for a legal act to conclude on a positive decision; having a risk-sharing agreement (RSA) in place at the time of submission; the aim of the submission and expenditure on individual funding requests.

Methods

Publicly available administrative announcements of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Manager were used to construct the analysis dataset including all concluded procedures between 1 January 2018 and 7 June 2021, complemented with information on the overall aim of the submission (new compound or new indication). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios while adjusting for potential confounding.

Results

Needing a legislative change as a proxy of involving high-level decision makers to reimburse had a lower (OR = 0.05, CI95%:0.02–0.11), whereas having an RSA had a statistically significant higher chance of a positive decision (OR = 3.49, CI95%:1.56–7.82). In contrast, neither the overall purpose of the submission (OR = 1.32, CI95%:0.65–2.69), nor the average biennial expenditure on individual funding requests exceeding 200 million HUFs (OR = 1.04, CI95%:0.92–1.19) had a statistically significant association with the decision.

Conclusions

This study quantitatively demonstrated that the need for legal acts to conclude on a positive decision decreases, whereas having an RSA for the particular product increases the likelihood of a positive reimbursement decision in Hungary. The role of other factors remain unclear. Our findings suggest that the legal requirements and RSAs play key roles in the reimbursement of innovative pharmaceuticals and can be viewed as potential areas of policy interventions in expanding access to these products, although the feasibility of such interventions need strong commitment from decision-makers, as well as implying increased autonomy to the entities involved in reimbursement procedures. Further research is needed to assess the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors in a coherent framework.
Fake WMDs all over again? How Dutch newspapers supported western propaganda on an alleged chemical attack in Syria
Authors: Bergman Tabe , van de Beek Eric
Published: February 2023

History shows that wherever there is war, there is propaganda. In part for that reason it is often difficult to discover the truth about events that take place during war. For instance, many initially believed the western assertions that a chemical attack took place in the Syrian city of Douma in April 2018 and that the Syrian government was responsible. Yet it has become increasingly clear that it is more likely than not that the alleged attack did not occur and was instrumentalized for western political purposes. By way of a content analysis and a Critical Discourse Analysis this article investigates how the two most reputable Dutch newspapers reported and commented on the alleged attack in 2018. In particular, it explores the extent of the newspapers’ reliance on western sources and to whom the newspapers assigned responsibility for the alleged attack. The results show that the newspapers heavily depended on western sources and promoted western propaganda by uncritically providing it much prominence. Despite a lack of evidence and before any investigation had taken place, the newspapers often held the Syrian government responsible for the alleged attack.
Gobernanza local y órganos de participación: ¿espacios de representación de la diversidad social?
Authors: Montalbá Ocaña Carmen , Grau Muñoz Arantxa
Published: February 2023

Los órganos estables de participación son fórmulas clásicas de “gobernanza” en las que debiera verse representada la diversidad social existente, en la medida que deben escenificar la heterogeneidad de intereses de la sociedad civil. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre la dinámica propia de estos órganos a nivel local, quiénes son los sujetos “invitados” a participar en los mismos y, en base a qué procesos de legitimación estos sujetos son nodos elegibles, así como indagar en la actividad que se desarrolla en su seno. En este sentido, y en base a la demanda de investigación efectuada por una corporación municipal, la metodología empleada ha conjugado la revisión bibliográfica de material científico sobre esta temática, con un proceso de exploración empírica fundamentado en entrevistas semiestructuradas, una encuesta y el estudio de casos sobre tres consejos locales. La finalidad de dicha estrategia responde al interés de recopilar las experiencias directas de aquellos actores que han impulsado las políticas de participación local. Los resultados verifican los mecanismos formales e institucionalizados que reproducen la desigual representación de la sociedad civil en estos espacios, apuntando propuestas para alcanzar una mayor diversidad, así como generar mecanismos de autogestión que rompan con el liderazgo institucional y activar mecanismos de gobierno en red.