bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal variations of surface and groundwater interactions under climate and land use land cover change scenarios
Authors: Loukika Kotapati Narayana , Keesara Venkata Reddy , Buri Eswar Sai , Sridhar Venkataramana
Published: January 2025

The behaviour of water between the surface and subsurface is a dynamic and intricate process, involving a complex interplay between surface water and groundwater. This interaction is vital for supporting ecosystems, providing water supplies, and ensuring the sustainable use of water resources. Disruptions in these interactions, such as over-extraction, reduced streamflow, and the impacts of climate change, contribute to water scarcity. An integrated management of surface and groundwater resources is crucial for addressing these challenges and ensuring the long-term availability and sustainability of water supplies. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations of surface and groundwater interactions were analysed using integrated SWAT and MODFLOW model using QSWATMOD plugin in QGIS software. The surface and groundwater interactions were analysed for future periods under climate and land use land cover (LULC) change scenarios. Pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon kharif, and post-monsoon rabi seasons are considered for analysing the surface and groundwater interactions. The future LULCs are projected using the DynaCLUE model for three user-defined scenarios such as past trend (scenario 1), drastic change in built-up and barren land (scenario 2), and restricted agricultural land (scenario 3). For projecting the interactions under both changing climate and LULC, LULC scenario 1 was used for near-future period, LULC scenario 2 for mid-future period, and LULC scenario 3 for far future period. Under the climate change scenario, the maximum groundwater recharge under SSP5-8.5 scenario is observed to be 20,805 m3/day in the near future, and the maximum discharge under SSP2-4.5 scenario is observed as 9,035 m3/day in the mid-future period. In both climate change and combined scenarios (both climate and user-defined LULC), there was a greater recharge of groundwater during the monsoon season relative to other seasons, while there was a greater discharge of groundwater during the post-monsoon rabi season. In the combined scenarios, the maximum discharge was under SSP5-8.5 with 15,009 m3/day in the mid-future, and the groundwater recharge was greater in the near future period under SSP3-7.0 with 19,556 m3/day. The groundwater–surface water interactions were analysed in four seasons, out of which monsoon season had the maximum recharge and groundwater discharge was more in the post-monsoon rabi season. The results found in this study’ can be used to plan and develop short-and long-term integrated surface and groundwater management strategies of the basin under changing climate and LULC.
Characterization and classification of soils in the irrigable land of Achewa small-scale irrigation area, Itang special district, southwest Gambella, Ethiopia
Authors: Mengiste Wasihun , Tsegaye Dereje , Dagalo Samuel , Yitbareke Teshome
Published: January 2025

The characterization and classification of soils in irrigable areas are crucial for understanding soil types and nutrient status, which in turn help to optimize crop yield and to design soil management strategies. This research aimed to characterize and classify soils in the Achewa small-scale irrigation area in Itang special district of southwest Gambella, Ethiopia. Representative pits were excavated at three slope locations, and soil profiles were examined and described directly in the field. To classify soil types, the WRB for Soil Resources guidelines were used. Across horizons, texture classes varied from clay loam to clay, whereas bulk density was within acceptable limits for mineral agricultural soils. Additionally, soil pH ranged from neutral to moderately alkaline. Organic matter content varied among topography positions, with values of 3.78%, 2.96%, and 2.85% at pedons 2 and 3 in the study area. Total nitrogen content was classified as low in pedon 3 and medium on the other two pedons, whereas available phosphorus content was classified as very high in all slope positions. Soil CEC and PBS were high and very high across all slope positions, with the dominant soluble cations being Calcium followed by magnesium, potassium, and sodium and extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) were high to medium. Based on morphological, physical, and chemical analysis three soil types were identified: Eutric Fluvisols (Loamic), Pellic Vertisols (Gilgaic, Hypereutric), and Haplic Vertisols (Gilgaic). Therefore, implementing site-specific soil management techniques is recommended to enhance and sustain soil fertility and optimize crop and vegetable production, for ensuring long-term soil productivity in the study area.
Training load and fitness monitoring in Czech football: coach practices and perspectives
Authors: Bokůvka Dominik , Hrubý Michal , Čuperková Kristýna , Vencúrik Tomáš , Padinha Vitor , Paludo Ana Carolina
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The study aimed to describe the practices and perspectives of Czech football coaches regarding the monitoring of players’ training load and physical performance, with a focus on identifying key barriers and preferred sources of information.

Methods

A total of 235 football coaches completed an online survey comprehending training load monitoring methods, physical performance assessments, barriers to implementation, and information sources.

Results

Among respondents, 93.7% reported monitoring training load, with training diaries (70%) being the most utilized method for external load measures and heart rate (45%) for internal load. Despite this, 42.7% of coaches did not monitor internal load and 21.7% did not conduct physical fitness evaluations. The most frequently reported barrier was a lack of resources (74.5%), though elite-level coaches (52.8%) and strength and conditioning coaches (75%) identified human resources as their primary limitation. Across all levels, the Football Association was the preferred source of information (61.7%).

Conclusion

The findings highlight the predominance of traditional monitoring practices among the Czech football coaches, alongside with notable gaps in internal load tracking and fitness evaluation. The resource constraints remain a major barrier. Practical recommendations include promoting economical monitoring tools, such as RPE, and enhancing collaboration among stakeholders to improved monitoring strategies. The Football Association's play a key role on support these efforts.
Buying conspicuous organic food when it’s crowded: how social crowding and the need for self-expression influence organic food choices
Authors: Zheng Qiuqin , Chen Xiaoxia , Zeng Haimei
Published: January 2025

With an expanding consumer base for organic food globally and a steadily growing interest worldwide, it is important to understand the influencing factors behind organic food preference formation and purchasing decisions. Distinguishing from previous studies, this study focuses on the conspicuousness of organic food consumption and proposes a new concept of conspicuous organic food consumption. This study aims to explore the relationship between social crowding, the need for self-expression, and conspicuous organic food consumption. Through three experimental studies, this study reveals that: (1) social crowding positively influences the consumption of conspicuous organic foods, (2) the need for self-expression plays a mediating role, and (3) self-concept clarity plays a moderating role. Specifically speaking, the conspicuousness leads consumers to increase their choice of organic food under social crowding, with the need for self-expression playing a fully mediating role in this effect. However, this effect only exists among consumers with lower levels of self-concept clarity; when consumers have higher levels of self-concept clarity, the influence of social crowding and non-social crowding on conspicuous organic food consumption does not significantly differ. By highlighting the uniqueness and usefulness of social crowding as an environmental factor, this study can facilitate companies to adjust their organic food marketing strategies to different levels of crowding promptly, thereby expanding organic food consumption.
Eco-optimizing rice-wheat system of Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of India through resource conservation technologies: insights from field experiments and modeling
Authors: Reddy K. Srikanth , Parihar C. M. , Panneerselvam P. , Sarkar Ayan , Nayak Hari Sankar , Patra Kiranmoy , Sena D. R. , Reddy G. Sreeja , Sinha Alok , Bharadwaj Sneha , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Virender
Published: January 2025

In eastern India, the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) faces challenges like poverty, fragmented landholdings, and resource overexploitation, with smallholder farmers prioritizing short-term gains through excessive water and nitrogen use. To address these issues, our study combined field experiments and the DNDC crop simulation model to evaluate the resilience, viability, and environmental sustainability of RWCS under conservation agriculture (CA) with varying irrigation methods and nitrogen rates at the International Rice Research Institute-South Asia Regional Center (ISARC), Varanasi, India. The treatments included: (1) Puddled transplanted rice followed by zero-tilled wheat with flood irrigation (PTR-ZTW-F), (2) Direct-seeded rice followed by ZTW with flood irrigation (DSR-ZTW-F), (3) DSR followed by ZTW with surface drip fertigation (DSR-ZTW-SD), and (4) DSR followed by ZTW with subsurface drip fertigation (DSR-ZTW-SSD), evaluated under 75% and 100% recommended nitrogen dose and nitrogen control plots. The DNDC model accurately predicted soil mineral N (NO3−: R2 = 0.74, RRMSE = 52.9%; NH4+: R2 = 0.79, RRMSE = 63.5%), water-filled pore space (R2 = 0.85, RRMSE = 20.9%), soil temperature (R2 = 0.91, RRMSE = 4.6%), redox potential (R2 = 0.82, RRMSE = 24.1%), system productivity (R2 = 0.93, RRMSE = 7.8%), and nitrogen uptake (R2 = 0.86, RRMSE = 18.1%). DSR-ZTW systems with drip fertigation significantly enhanced sustainability and productivity compared to PTR-ZTW system, where CH4 emissions were reduced by 70%–80% and global warming potential reduced by 56%, despite higher N2O emissions. Additionally, DSR-ZTW-SSD achieved the highest system yield (12.8 t ha−1), minimized water losses, and improved nitrogen use efficiency. Also, TOPSIS analysis ranked DSR-ZTW-SSDF as the most sustainable system, achieving the highest yield and resource use efficiency, while significantly reducing GHG emissions. The study underscores the potential of integrating CA, drip fertigation, and DSR to enhance productivity, conserve resources, and improve the sustainability of RWCS.
Case Report - Severe hypospadias in 46, XY karyotype patients: is third level genetic testing always mandatory?
Authors: Romano Giorgia , Rollo Giovanni , Spagnol Lorna , Mucciolo Mafalda , Adorisio Ottavio , Silveri Massimiliano
Published: January 2025

We report a case of a 4-month-old infant with severe genital malformation and a 46, XY karyotype. Genetic testing revealed a variant in the NR5A1 gene, guiding a successful multistage surgical intervention. This case underscores the value of targeted genetic testing in guiding the management of severe hypospadias cases. While genetic investigation isn't routine for all severe hypospadias cases, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have influenced the rate of correct diagnoses, reduced diagnostic delay, and helped to determine the need for focused medical care and timely treatment. Too commonly, surgeons tend to attach importance to malformation repair and disregard the genetic diagnoses, but we believe that precise genetic diagnosis improves the accuracy of DSD management in terms of prognostic predictions, the development of an individualized management plan and the determination of treatment options.
A Decreasing Horizon Model Predictive Control for Landing Reusable Launch Vehicles
Authors: Zaragoza Prous Guillermo , Grustan-Gutierrez Enric , Felicetti Leonard
Published: January 2025

A novel approach to model predictive control (MPC) with a decreasing horizon is analysed for guiding and controlling reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) during powered descent phases. Conventional MPC methods typically use receding horizons, where optimal control inputs are computed over fixed time intervals. However, when applied directly, these methods can cause a hovering-like behaviour, preventing the vehicle from reaching the landing platform, as the landing time is continually deferred at each iteration. The proposed solution addresses this problem by adjusting the prediction horizon dynamically, reducing its length over time. This dynamic adjustment is driven by a time-scaling factor and the time elapsed since the previous MPC iteration. Optimal control solutions are derived through convex optimization techniques. To evaluate the algorithm’s robustness against initial conditions, a Monte Carlo analysis is performed by varying initial position, velocity and mass. This method can also be used as a viable methodology for selecting tuning parameters for the MPC to ensure a successful and safe landing for a wide range of initial conditions.
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Effects on Highland Barley Growth and Nutrient Utilization
Authors: Yan Jiahui , Weng Hua , Hou Lu , Yao Qiang , He Tao
Published: January 2025

The rate of chemical fertilizers’ utilization by crops does not exceed 40%. Environmental pollution and resource waste caused by the excessive application of chemical fertilizers have led to increased interested in using organic fertilizers as replacements for chemical ones. The present study investigated the impact of the combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers on the growth and nutrient utilization efficiency of highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Compared to the application of 100% chemical fertilizers (OFR0), the substitution of chemical fertilizer with 40% organic fertilizer (OFR40) resulted in a significant increase in root length by 4% and improved the nutrient absorption capacity. The crop yields at harvest were not diminished in the combined fertilizer group compared to the OFR0 treatment group, while simultaneously achieving a 60% reduction in chemical fertilizer application. However, a complete substitution with 100% organic fertilizer (OFR100) resulted in a lower yield. This suggests that appropriate proportions of organic fertilizer replacement can maintain yield by increasing root length and enhancing the crop’s nutrient absorption capacity. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which organic fertilizer modulates crop growth and nutrient utilization efficiency, combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that as the concentration of organic fertilizer increased, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) shifted from secondary metabolite synthesis toward nitrogen metabolism. In addition, the gene expression and enzymatic activity of NR (nitrate reductase), GS (glutamine synthetase), and GOGAT (glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase) (key genes in the nitrogen metabolism pathways) were significantly enhanced in the OFR40 group. This study’s omics-based approach demonstrates that the combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers enhances nitrogen absorption and utilization through an increased expression of key genes and enzymatic activities within the nitrogen metabolic pathways. This synergistic effect not only maintains crop yields but also reduces the reliance on chemical fertilizers, offering a sustainable strategy for agricultural production.
Soybean Genotype-Specific Cold Stress and Priming Responses: Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Pigment-Related Spectral Reflectance Indices as Tools for Breeding
Authors: Matoša Kočar Maja , Sudarić Aleksandra , Duvnjak Tomislav , Mazur Maja
Published: January 2025

Early sowing to avoid stress later in the season is limited by low early spring temperatures and unpredictable cold spells within recommended sowing dates. To achieve successful crop production, it is essential to understand plant stress responses, enabling breeders and producers to better address climate change challenges. Researching genetic variability for cold stress is key to developing cold-tolerant crops. In response, a study investigating the effects of low-temperature treatment and cold priming in the early vegetative development on soybean biomass, chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) and pigment-related spectral reflectance indices (PR_SRIs) was conducted in a controlled environment with 12 soybean genotypes. Priming began 16 days after sowing (DAS), followed by a 48-h recovery and a subsequent 48-h low-temperature treatment. During priming and stress treatments, temperatures and relative air humidity were set to 10/5 °C and 70/90% (day/night), with a light intensity of 300 μmol/m2/s. The results showed that low temperatures negatively impacted biomass and physiological parameters, with priming having neutral or negative effects. The parameters ET0/TR0, RE0/RC, TR0/DI0, Fm, Fv, ARI1, and ARI2 were identified as relatively appropriate non-destructive alternatives for biomass analysis, aiding in genotype screening and stress detection. Genotypic variation in response to cold stress suggests potential for selecting cold-tolerant varieties.
PFKFB3 Connects Glycolytic Metabolism with Endothelial Dysfunction in Human and Rodent Obesity
Authors: Batori Robert K. , Bordan Zsuzsanna , Padgett Caleb A. , Huo Yuqing , Chen Feng , Atawia Reem T. , Lucas Rudolf , Ushio-Fukai Masuko , Fukai Tohru , Belin de Chantemele Eric J. , Stepp David W. , Fulton David J. R.
Published: January 2025

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase cardiovascular risk, largely due to altered metabolic state. An early consequence of T2D/obesity is the loss of endothelial function and impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling. In blood vessels, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) synthesizes NO to maintain vessel homeostasis. The biological actions of NO are compromised by superoxide that is generated by NADPH oxidases (NOXs). Herein we investigated how altered metabolism affects superoxide/NO balance in obesity. We found that eNOS expression and NO bioavailability are significantly decreased in endothelial cells (ECs) from T2D patients and animal models of obesity. In parallel, PFKFB3, a key glycolytic regulatory enzyme, is significantly increased in ECs of obese animals. EC overexpression of wild-type and a cytosol-restricted mutant PFKFB3 decreased NO production due to increased eNOS-T495 phosphorylation. PFKFB3 also blunted Akt-S473 phosphorylation, reducing stimulus-dependent phosphorylation of S1177 and the activation of eNOS. Furthermore, PFKFB3 enhanced the activities of NOX1 and NOX5, which are major contributors to endothelial dysfunction. Prolonged exposure of ECs to high glucose or TNFα, which are hallmarks of T2D, leads to increased PFKFB3 expression. These results demonstrate a novel functional relationship between endothelial metabolism, ROS, and NO balance that may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in obesity.
Spectrum Attention Mechanism-Based Acoustic Vector DOA Estimation Method in the Presence of Colored Noise
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Liu Mindong , Yi Shichao
Published: January 2025

In the field of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, a common assumption is that array noise follows a uniform Gaussian white noise model. However, practical systems often encounter non-ideal noise conditions, such as non-uniform or colored noise, due to sensor characteristics and external environmental factors. Traditional DOA estimation techniques experience significant performance degradation in the presence of colored noise, necessitating the exploration of specialized DOA estimation methods for such environments. This study introduces a DOA estimation method for acoustic vector arrays based on a spectrum attention mechanism (SAM). By employing SAM as an adaptive filter and constructing a double-branch model combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), the method extracts the spatial and temporal features of signals, and effectively reduces the frequency components of colored noise, enhancing DOA estimation accuracy in colored noise scenarios. At an SNR of −5 dB, it achieves an accuracy rate of 85% while maintaining a low RMSE of only 2.03°.
Study on the Impact of C-Class Solar Flares on Low-Frequency Signal Propagation and Ionospheric Disturbances
Authors: Huang Luxi , Qi Zhen , Shi Shaohua , Chen Yingming , Zhao Fan , Wang Xin , Zhu Feng , Li Xiaohui , Feng Ping
Published: January 2025

This work investigates the impact of C-class solar flare events (XRA) on ionospheric and low-frequency signal propagation by analyzing the maximum correlation lag time, correlation, and Granger causality between low-frequency time-code signal strength and XRA. The results show that within the lag interval of (−5, 5) minutes, XRA exhibits the highest correlation and causality with signal strength, supporting the theory of a rapid ionospheric response and early warning to XRA. The correlation coefficient increases significantly with flare intensity, indicating that XRA has both linear and nonlinear dual effects on the disturbance of low-frequency signal propagation paths. Granger causality tests further confirm that XRA events have an immediate and sustained direct impact on signal strength. These findings provide a basis for understanding the disturbance mechanism of solar activity on the Earth’s ionosphere and support the use of low-frequency signals in space weather forecasting.
Multidomain Cognitive Tele-Neurorehabilitation Training in Long-Term Post-Stroke Patients: An RCT Study
Authors: Contrada Marianna , Arabia Gennarina , Vatrano Martina , Pucci Caterina , Mantia Isabel , Scarfone Federica , Torchia Giusi , Quintieri Maria , Cerasa Antonio , Pignolo Loris
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Over the past decade, tele-neurorehabilitation (TNR) has emerged as a vital and effective tool for delivering continuous care to stroke patients, playing a key role in enhancing functional recovery and ensuring consistent access to rehabilitation services. In the field of TNR, various protocols are utilized to ensure effective cognitive stimulation at home. Recent preliminary studies highlight the employment of multidomain cognitive interventions, which would seem to induce more stable and relevant cognitive recovery in stroke patients. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a TNR multidomain cognitive approach to conventional face-to-face cognitive treatment. Methods: A total of 30 patients with stroke were equally enrolled and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, patients received sessions of home-based cognitive virtual reality rehabilitation system (VRRS) training. The control group underwent traditional face-to-face cognitive multidomain treatment at the hospital. The therapy was given for one hour every day for four weeks in both groups. Specific cognitive domains, including memory, praxis skills, executive functions, and speech therapy, were stimulated in the procedure. Neuropsychological evaluations were performed at three timepoints: at baseline (T0), at the end of TNR (T1), and six months later (T2). Results: The TNR group demonstrated significant improvements in working memory and language abilities, as well as in depressive symptoms and caregiver burden, with an average decrease of 2.07. Most of this improvement persisted 6 months after treatment. The group that received face-to-face cognitive treatment showed improvements (not persisting at T2) after treatment in a task measuring constructive apraxia and alternating attention with the cognitive skill of set-shifting. Conclusions: According to our findings, multidomain cognitive TNR may be useful in enhancing cognitive outcomes in stroke populations (even six months after treatment concludes). TNR may also be a viable way to deliver these interventions since it boosts people’s motivation to train and, consequently, their adherence to treatment while also having a positive effect on caregivers’ distress management.
The Relationship Between Soccer Participation and Team Cohesion for Adolescents: A Chain-Mediated Effect of Athlete Engagement and Collective Self-Esteem
Authors: Zhao Zhihao , Che Xiang , Wang Haopeng , Zheng Yi , Ma Ning , Gao Liquan , Shui Yizhou
Published: January 2025

This study was carried out to explore the mechanism between athlete participation and team cohesion for adolescent school soccer players. We examined the mediating role of athlete engagement and collective self-esteem between athlete participation and team cohesion for adolescent soccer players. A comprehensive investigation of 1659 primary and middle school soccer players was conducted using the Athlete Participation Scale, Athlete Engagement Questionnaire, Collective Self-Esteem Scale, and Team Cohesion Scale, and we conducted correlation, regression and pathway analyses among the variables. We found the following for adolescent soccer players: (1) Athlete engagement plays a complete mediating role between athlete participation and team cohesion. (2) Collective self-esteem plays a complete mediating role between athlete participation and team cohesion. (3) Athlete participation does not directly predict team cohesion, but can influence team cohesion through the chain mediation of athlete engagement and collective self-esteem. This study built a chain mediation model showing that athlete engagement and team cohesion mediated athlete participation and team cohesion, to investigate its mediating role for adolescent soccer players. This study provides theoretical guidance and an empirical basis for the intervention of athlete participation on team cohesion in soccer sports among adolescents.
The Autocrine Impact of Nerve Growth Factor on Sheep Uterine Epithelial Cells
Authors: Guelfi Gabriella , Pasquariello Rolando , Dall’Aglio Cecilia , Mercati Francesca , Suvieri Chiara , Conte Carmela , Capaccia Camilla , Ratto Marcelo , Maranesi Margherita
Published: January 2025

Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a critical role in reproduction through paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. However, its autocrine effects on uterine receptivity and inflammatory pathways remain unknown. This study is the first to demonstrate NGF’s direct autocrine action on sheep endometrial luminal epithelial cells (SELECs), primary cultures treated with NGF for 12, 24, and 48 h, with or without the NTRK1 antagonist. NGF significantly increased PGE2 (p < 0.0001) and PGF2α (p < 0.0001) levels only at 12 h, with no significant changes at 24 and 48 h. NGF also upregulated the expression of NGF, COX2, and NTRK1 (p < 0.0001), and p75NTR and STAR (p < 0.001), at 12 h, with the effects reversed by NTRK1 inhibition, while no significant changes were observed for TLR4 (p > 0.05). Western blot (WB) analysis was performed exclusively to confirm the presence of NGF protein, revealing no significant differences (p > 0.05) across experimental conditions. These findings highlight NGF’s role in directly regulating SELEC activity through autocrine mechanisms, emphasizing its importance in uterine receptivity and reproductive readiness. This study provides novel insights into NGF’s role in sheep reproduction and its potential applications in fertility treatments.
Weight-Bearing CT: Advancing the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hallux Valgus, Midfoot Pathology, and Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity
Authors: Chun Dong-Il , Cho Jaeho , Won Sung Hun , Nomkhondorj Otgonsaikhan , Kim Jahyung , An Chi Young , Yi Young
Published: January 2025

Since its introduction, weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) has gained prominence due to its ability to produce accurate three-dimensional images under natural loading conditions, making it particularly useful for assessing complex foot deformities. This review aimed to focus on the diseases of the foot and categorized the pathological conditions into forefoot disease (hallux valgus), midfoot disease (Lisfranc injuries and midfoot osteoarthritis), and progressive collapsing foot deformity. For each category, the authors detail how WBCT enhances diagnostic accuracy and informs treatment strategies. In hallux valgus, WBCT allows for more precise measurement of established parameters and reveals crucial information about metatarsal pronation and ray instability. For midfoot pathologies, WBCT’s superiority in detecting subtle Lisfranc injuries and characterizing midfoot osteoarthritis is emphasized, highlighting the development of novel measurement techniques. The review extensively covers the application of WBCT in assessing the complex three-dimensional features of PCFD, including hindfoot valgus, midfoot/forefoot abduction, medial column instability, peritalar subluxation, and valgus tilting, presenting several WBCT-specific measurements and the use of distance mapping to quantify joint surface interaction. The authors conclude that WBCT, potentially enhanced through integration with artificial intelligence (AI), represents a significant advancement in foot and ankle care, promising improved diagnostic accuracy, streamlined treatment planning, and, ultimately, better patient outcomes.
Multi-Objective Structural Optimization Design for Electric Excavator-Specific Battery Packs with Impact Resistance and Fatigue Endurance
Authors: Li Zihang , Qin Jiao , Zhao Ming , Xu Minmin , Huang Wei , Wu Fangming
Published: January 2025

As the issue of energy scarcity becomes increasingly critical, the adoption of electric construction machinery emerges as a pivotal strategy to address the energy crisis. During the travel and operation of electric construction machinery, the machinery-specific battery packs are subjected to long-term mechanical shocks and random vibration loads, leading to resonance and structural damage failure. To address the multi-objective optimization design issues of machinery-specific battery packs for electric construction machinery under the action of random vibration and impact loads and to enhance the fatigue life and reduce the mass of the battery pack, this paper conducts optimization design research on a newly developed battery pack for an electric excavator. Firstly, a finite element model of the battery pack is established to conduct simulation analyses on its impact resistance characteristics and fatigue life. Secondly, through a comprehensive contribution analysis method, key components are identified, with the thickness dimensions of the battery pack parts selected as design parameters. Finally, using maximum stress under mechanical shock conditions and first-order constraint mode as constraint conditions, mass minimization and fatigue life maximization are set as optimization objectives. The Box–Behnken experimental design is employed alongside a Kriging approximation model; subsequently, the NSGA-II algorithm is utilized for multi-objective optimization. The optimization results show that, while meeting the basic static and dynamic performance requirements, the mass of the optimized battery pack outer frame is reduced by 56.8 kg, a decrease of 5.75%. Concurrently, the optimized battery pack’s fatigue life has increased by 1,234,800 cycles, which is an enhancement factor of 1.65 compared to pre-optimization levels. These findings provide significant reference points for optimizing structural performance and achieving lightweight designs in electric excavator battery packs.
An Advanced Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network Framework for the Concurrent Prediction of Transient and Voltage Stability
Authors: Deng Chaoping , Dai Liyu , Chao Wujie , Huang Junwei , Wang Jinke , Lin Lanxin , Qin Wenyu , Lai Shengquan , Chen Xin
Published: January 2025

Power system stability prediction leveraging deep learning has gained significant attention due to the extensive deployment of phasor measurement units. However, most existing methods focus on predicting either transient or voltage stability independently. In real-world scenarios, these two types of instability often co-occur, necessitating distinct and coordinated control strategies. This paper presents a novel concurrent prediction framework for transient and voltage stability using a spatio-temporal embedding graph neural network (STEGNN). The proposed framework utilizes a graph neural network to extract topological features of the power system from adjacency matrices and temporal data graphs. In contrast, a temporal convolutional network captures the system’s dynamic behavior over time. A weighted loss function is introduced during training to enhance the model’s ability to handle instability cases. Experimental validation on the IEEE 118-bus system demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method compared to single stability prediction approaches. The STEGNN model is further evaluated for its prediction efficiency and robustness to measurement noise. Moreover, results highlight the model’s strong transfer learning capability, successfully transferring knowledge from an N-1 contingency dataset to an N-2 contingency dataset.
Counting Money: Rehousing the Greek and Roman Numismatic Collection in the Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira
Authors: Lewis Alexandra , Emmitt Joshua
Published: January 2025

The numismatic collection in the Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira, Auckland, New Zealand, is an extensive although little-known collection. As part of a wider rehousing project for the coins, a trial was conducted to rehouse the Greek and Roman coins to establish the best storage and analysis practices. Records were also created or updated during this process to make them visible online and enable their use in future research. Best practice standards include handling and measurement practice, retaining all existing information about the collection, and, where possible, reuniting coins with their acquisition information. The project’s end goal is to create populated records in the museum database (Vernon) for the entire numismatic collection, either through updating existing records, creating records using available acquisition information, or creating records with temporary numbers where that information has been lost. This report gives a brief history of the collection and the rehousing process and suggests future research avenues.
Carbon Emission Optimization of the Integrated Energy System in Industrial Parks with Hydrogen Production from Complementary Wind and Solar Systems
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Qi Yu , Zhang Xiaolong , Xie Pu , Guo Yingjun , Sun Hexu
Published: January 2025

With the increasing utilization of renewable energy sources, hydrogen production from complementary wind and solar (HPCWS) systems has become a part of the construction of the integrated energy system (IES). However, renewable energy generation faces uncertainty; in addition, the IES lacks model representation. To solve this problem, this study proposes a carbon day-ahead optimal dispatch model for an integrated energy system with HPCWS and establishes carbon equations for conventional power generation and natural gas. The demand-side response of the IES is considered in conjunction with the objective functions of low-carbon operation and hydrogen storage gain maximization; furthermore, constraints are established to keep the dispatch results of the equipment within reasonable limits. Secondly, the scheduling model requires a faster and more accurate solution algorithm, so an improved particle swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the minimum of the objective function, and the superior convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm are verified. The comparison of the IES before and after the introduction of HPCWS yields the changes in carbon emission values and hydrogen production before and after the optimization for the respective seasons and scenarios. In addition, the article also discusses the effect of season on the optimization results.
The Health and Well-Being of Women and Girls Who Are Refugees: A Case for Action
Authors: Chalouhi Jinane , Currow David C. , Dumit Nuhad Yazbik , Sawleshwarkar Shailendra , Glass Nancy , Stanfield Sophie , Digiacomo Michelle , Davidson Patricia M.
Published: January 2025

The plight of displaced people is an escalating global challenge. No longer solely the domain of individuals working in humanitarian settings, the plight of refugees is now a very visible aspect in mainstream health and social services. Refugee women and girls face serious and interconnected health challenges due to forced displacement, limited access to healthcare, gender-based violence, exploitation, and other factors affecting their health and well-being, particularly social determinants of health. These experiences are often built upon intergenerational forms of abuse such as enduring colonial and patriarchal models where there are fundamental power imbalances and impediments to economic and political stability and as a consequence health and well-being. One in five displaced women and girls experiences sexual violence, which has lasting effects on their physical and mental health. Moreover, financial instability and uncertainty in migration status can further push women and girls into exploitative circumstances, such as modern slavery and survival sex. This paper presents a scoping review using a gender-based lens aimed at analyzing the social determinants impacting the health and well-being of refugee women and girls. The environmental, socio-economic, cultural, and gender-specific drivers of security are described. Advocating for strategies to promote health equity, protection, resilience, and empowerment for refugee women and girls is important for their health and well-being. Achieving this is critical in contributing towards building stronger, healthier, and resilient communities, and creating a buffer to the escalating numbers of people being driven from their homes worldwide.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Sugar and Hormone Signaling Pathways Mediating Flower Induction in Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Shah Kamran , Zhu Xiaoyue , Zhang Tiantian , Chen Jiayi , Chen Jiaxuan , Qin Yonghua
Published: January 2025

Flower induction in pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is regulated by complex gene networks involving multiple signaling pathways that ensure flower bud (FB) formation, but its molecular determinants remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify key genes and pathways involved in pitaya flower induction by analyzing transcriptomics profiles from differentiating buds. Our results indicate that the flower induction process is driven by a combination of sugar, hormone, transcription factor (TF), and flowering-related genes. We found that during the FB induction period, the levels of sugar, starch, auxin (AUX), cytokinin (CTK) active forms dihydrozeatin riboside (dhZR), zeatin riboside (ZR), N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPA), and brassinosteroid (BR) increase in the late stage (LS), while active gibberellins (GA3, GA4) decrease, signaling a metabolic and hormonal shift essential for flowering. Differential gene expression analysis identified key genes involved in starch and sugar metabolism, AUX, CTK, BR synthesis, and (GA) degradation, with notable differential expression in photoperiod (COL, CDF, TCP), age-related (SPL), and key flowering pathways (FT, FTIP, AGL, SOC1). This study reveals a multidimensional regulatory network for FB formation in pitaya, primarily mediated by the crosstalk between sugar and hormone signaling pathways, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of FB formation in pitaya.
Hemileia vastatrix in Coffea spp.: Distribution of Urediniospores Grouped by Size and Insights into Morphological Structures
Authors: Pelayo-Sánchez Gabriela , Yáñez-Morales María de Jesús , Solano-Vidal Roney , Silva-Rojas Hilda Victoria , Alvarado-Rosales Dionicio , Morales-Rodriguez Simón , Jiménez-García Luis Felipe , Lara-Martínez Reyna , Ramírez-Ramírez Iván , Valdez-Carrasco Jorge M.
Published: January 2025

Hemileia vastatrix coffee leaf rust reduces Mexican coffee production by 51%. We aimed to analyze the size and distribution of H. vastatrix urediniospores among coffee plantations, as well as the morphological structures of the uredinium. In 2015, 65 leaf samples with rust symptoms were collected from 17 coffee cultivars grown at various altitudes (229–1649 m) under different environmental conditions in 14 regions of four Mexican states. A total of 30 spores per sample were measured and grouped using the Ward centroid method, and the group distribution was analyzed. Uredinia morphology was examined via electron microscopy, and the identity of the rust was confirmed. We identified eight significant spore groups. Groups 8h and 3a had the smallest and largest spores, respectively, which were distributed in two and one state, respectively, at different altitudes. The spores in groups 1b–7f were variable within the intermediate size range, and their distribution was at least one group per state under temperate, warm, and humid conditions. The uredinium had double-cell walls in the pedicels and urediniospores, a split septum, spores with hilum and protuberances, and an oval spore shape; anastomosis was detected on vegetative hyphae and haustoria. These findings may reflect gaps in knowledge in the biological cycle of this rust.
A Note on Factorization and the Number of Irreducible Factors of xn − λ over Finite Fields
Authors: Liu Jinle , Wu Hongfeng
Published: January 2025

Let Fq be a finite field, and let n be a positive integer such that gcd(q,n)=1. The irreducible factors of xn−1 and xn−λ are fundamental concepts with wide applications in cyclic codes and constacyclic codes. Furthermore, the number of irreducible factors of xn−1 and xn−λ is useful in many computational problems involving cyclic codes and constacyclic codes. In this paper, we give a more concrete irreducible factorization of xn−1 and xn−λ. Based on this, the number of irreducible factors of xn−1 and xn−λ over Fq, for any λ∈Fq∗, is determined through research on the representatives and the sizes of the q-cyclotomic cosets. As applications, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions for ∣F(xn−1)∣=6 and a more concrete factorization of xn−1 in these cases.
Comparison of Lower Limb Joint Reaction Forces in Patients with Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing Individuals
Authors: Dincel Yasar Mahsut , Kidwai Alina Nawab , Atmaca Kerim , Sozener Nese Aral , Arslan Yunus Ziya
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Kinematic and kinetic data from gait analysis are commonly used for clinical decision making in cerebral palsy (CP). However, these data may not fully capture the underlying causes of movement pathologies or effectively monitor post-treatment changes. Joint reaction forces (JRFs), estimated through simulation-based methods, provide valuable insights into the functional state of musculoskeletal components. Despite their importance, comprehensive evaluations of lower limb JRFs in CP are limited, and comparisons with typically developing (TD) individuals remain underexplored. This study aimed to provide a detailed comparison of lower limb JRFs between children with CP exhibiting mild crouch gait and age-matched TD children during self-selected walking speeds. Materials and Methods: Open-access gait datasets from eight children with CP and eight TD children were analyzed. A full-body musculoskeletal model was scaled to individual anthropometric data in OpenSim. Joint angles and moments were obtained using inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics, respectively. Ankle, knee, and hip JRFs were calculated using OpenSim’s Joint Reaction tool. Root-mean-square differences and Pearson correlation coefficients quantified the differences between CP and TD JRFs. Results: The anterior–posterior and vertical components of the hip JRFs in CP were lower than in TD children. CP knee JRFs exceeded TD values across all anatomical axes. For the ankle, the anterior–posterior JRF was lower in CP, whereas the vertical component was higher compared to TD. Conclusions: Children with CP experience distinct lower limb JRF patterns compared to TD children. While some findings align with previous studies, discrepancies in other components highlight the influence of model and patient-specific characteristics. These results emphasize the need for standardization in reporting patient data and systematic evaluations to improve the interpretation and applicability of JRF analyses in CP research and treatment planning.
Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance of MAO/Polydopamine/Polylactic Acid-Coated AZ31 Magnesium Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Acquesta Annalisa , Desiderio Fulvia , Russo Pietro , Stornelli Giulia , Di Schino Andrea , Monetta Tullio
Published: January 2025

This paper aimed to investigate the enhancement of the corrosion resistance of a protective system applied on the AZ31 magnesium alloy to be used as an orthopedic biomedical device, composed of three different superimposed layers: (a) magnesium-based oxide, (b) polydopamine, and (c) polylactic acid. Specifically, morphological and chemical analyses, crystallographic, roughness, and micro-hardness were carried out. The electrochemical measurements were performed in Hanks’ Balanced Salt solution at 37 °C. The micro arc oxidation (MAO) treatment involved the classic pancake structure of the oxide with a consequent high extension of the real area.The sealing ofits pores via the polydopamine was well highlighted through the surface roughness analysis. As expected, the magnesium oxide layer reduced the degradation rate.The presence of polydopamine on the oxide layer improved the corrosion resistance of the alloy, showing a pseudo-passivity range in the potentiodynamic polarization curve, due to the filling of oxide pores.The highest impedance modulus in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis during the temporal observation of 168 h was observed when all coatings were applied on magnesium substrate, due to a synergetic action. Thus, the multilayers should represent a protective system to control the degradation process.
Hydrogen Production from Chemical Hydrides via Porous Carbon Particle Composite Catalyst Embedding of Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Demirci Sahin , Polat Osman , Sahiner Nurettin
Published: January 2025

Porous carbon particles (PCPs) prepared from sucrose via the hydrothermal method and its modified forms with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as PCP-PEI were used as templates as in situ metal nanoparticles as M@PCP and M@PCP-PEI (M:Co, Ni, or Cu), respectively. The prepared M@PCP and M@PCP-PEI composites were used as catalysts in the hydrolysis of NaBH4 and NH3BH3 to produce hydrogen (H2). The amount of Co nanoparticles within the Co@PCP-PEI structure was steadily increased via multiple loading/reducing cycles, e.g., from 29.8 ± 1.1 mg/g at the first loading/reducing cycles to 44.3 ± 4.9 mg/g after the third loading/reducing cycles. The Co@PCP-PEI catalyzed the hydrolysis of NaBH4 within 120 min with 251 ± 1 mL H2 production and a 100% conversion ratio with a 3.8 ± 0.3 mol H2/(mmol cat·min) turn-over frequency (TOF) and a lower activation energy (Ea), 29.3 kJ/mol. In addition, the Co@PCP-PEI-catalyzed hydrolysis of NH3BH3 was completed in 28 min with 181 ± 1 mL H2 production at 100% conversion with a 4.8 ± 0.3 mol H2/(mmol cat·min) TOF value and an Ea value of 32.5 kJ/mol. Moreover, Co@PCP-PEI composite catalysts were afforded 100% activity up to 7 and 5 consecutive uses in NaBH4 and NH3B3 hydrolysis reactions, respectively, with all displaying 100% conversions for both hydrolysis reactions in the 10 successive uses of the catalyst.