bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile payments changing the landscape of retail banking: Hype or reality?
Authors: Flatraaker Dag-Inge
Published: July 2024

Mobile, new technology and ‘Big Data’ are now changing the payments landscape. A ‘silent revolution’ is under way, which will change retail banking as we know it. Mobile is now bringing together the digital and physical worlds, and radically changing consumer behaviour and expectations. The customers are in the ‘driving seat’, deciding what, where and when they want services to be available. For banks, this mobility revolution creates challenges, but also opportunities. Many banks are now entering the ‘digital age’ proactively, re-engineering the way they engage with their customers. The Nordic countries and Holland are good examples of this. But still, many are reluctant to move and they could run the risk of ‘being left behind when the train leaves the platform’. New players such as Google, Apple, PayPal, mobile operators and technology companies have already entered the arena. Though the reasons for them to engage in the payments area are more than one, probably the most important factor is the increasing importance of Big Data and how service suppliers in this digital age can leverage information and create superior customer engagement. It is well known that payments are one of the most important and richest sources for such information. In this paper, Norway is particularly highlighted, being the country that, based on statistics and indicators, has so far come the longest way in this digital evolution.
The new EU Standard Contractual Clauses as a type of appropriate safeguard in the international transfer of personal data
Authors: Popowicz-Pazdej Anna
Published: July 2024

Personal data flow more freely across borders and represent one of the most significant forces behind the process of globalisation.1 Although this process is inevitable, it has to respect human rights, especially the right to data protection. One of the most commonly used transfer tools under the General Data Protection Regulation are standard contractual clauses. These tools are used in case of the transfer of personal data to third countries in the absence of adequacy decision. In June 2021 the European Commission adopted the new Standard Contractual Clauses. There is a multifaceted change concerning the new law’s scope, structure and substance compared with the previous versions. This change reflects the new requirements in light of the technological development and the Schrems II judgment. Above all, this was an opportunity to articulate all data protection requirements for international data transfers expressly. Especially, to capture lacking relations between data controllers and data processors by way of a modular approach. This paper summarises the functionality of the new standard contractual clauses in light of the content and rationale of the international transfer of personal data and provides an in-depth oversight of its scope and structure. The ultimate aim is to reach a compromise in order to both ascertain a sufficient level of data protection on the one hand, and not create unnecessary obstacles to cross-border data flows on the other. Hence, it also attempts to answer the question as to whether these standard contractual clauses will stand the test of time, especially bearing in mind some burdensome obligations.
`Marketing with Social Media — A LITA Guide;` Edited by Beth C. Thomsett-Scott
Authors: McGinnis Michael , Dohr Lauren , Rourke James
Published: July 2024

Marketing with Social Media — A LITA Guide; Edited by Beth C. Thomsett-Scott; Reviewed by Michael McGinnis. Management Basics for Information Professionals, third edition; By G. Edward Evans and Camila A. Alire; Reviewed by Lauren Dohr. Digital Asset Management: Content Architectures, Project Management, and Creating Order out of Media Chaos; By Elizabeth Keathley; Reviewed by James Rourke.
Telling compelling stories with data
Authors: Wong Dona
Published: July 2024

Data visualisation is about making sense of large volumes of complex information, both quantitative and qualitative, and distilling it into something concise so that people can digest it. Based on her 25 years in visual journalism at The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal and her extensive experience in strategic communications, the author demonstrates how to visualise data into compelling, persuasive stories. These stories provide actionable insights that allow marketers to tailor their marketing strategies to gain a competitive edge. Using illustrations from her book ‘The Wall Street Journal Guide to Information Graphics’, the author explains effective ways to use graphics in presentations. She points out how to avoid several common pitfalls.
Banks taking back control
Authors: Salmony Michael
Published: July 2024

Banks are increasingly concerned that they are being driven by others — and they are right. Regulators, customer demands and new technology are increasingly driving the agenda. This paper examines why this is so and how banks can — and should — react in order to ‘take back control’. Warning: This paper is written in plain language with little regard for readers’ sensitivities.
The challenge of defining artificial intelligence in the EU AI Act
Authors: Boone Theodore S.
Published: July 2024

The EU Commission, the EU Council and the EU Parliament have each issued their own versions of the text of a new EU AI Act. Throughout the gestation of the EU AI Act a core and complex question has arisen: how should ‘AI system’ be defined in the EU AI Act? This paper examines the evolution of the definition of ‘AI system’ in the draft EU AI Act. This paper suggests that, in order to achieve the EU’s goals, a definition of ‘AI system’ which is clear and cannot be modified outside the EU legislative process, which is sufficiently broad to accommodate future technological developments and which focuses on systems which make predictions, recommendations and decisions would appear to be both the most practical and the most appropriate.
The importance of good-quality, user-focused metadata: How the Transport for London corporate archives benefit from voluntary standards and meaningful metadata
Authors: Thornhill Tamara , Hyman Andrew
Published: July 2024

A good digital asset management (DAM) system will make the process of storing, sharing and tracking digital assets much easier. But is this all it should do? What about ensuring the discoverability of assets for years to come? What about rendering digital assets to users in an ever-evolving end-user computing environment? In other words, what about true digital preservation and the role of DAM? The answer lies in the metadata held in a system and what that system demands the asset creator provide. When considering the wider potential for metadata in the entire asset life cycle, is it necessary to alter the tradition of metadata being ‘data about data’ and go back to thinking of metadata as ‘data about the asset’? This paper looks at the challenges for successful information management created by the boom in born-digital assets and the ongoing conversion of hard-copy materials into digital formats. The value and role and criticality of high-quality, trusted and user-focused metadata in meeting these challenges is discussed through the exploration of standards and frameworks, and the use of case studies.
Winning back your subscriber list to maximise e-mail marketing return on investment
Authors: Hanson Guy , Gibson Richard
Published: July 2024

Campaigns to win back lapsed e-mail subscribers are often
discussed but there is little evidence to prove they work and how.
This paper adopts an evidence-based approach to bridge this
knowledge gap, drawing on both data and research. The paper
references research indicating that engagement is the key to an
effective win-back programme and provides examples of what best
practice looks like. It also discusses why the dynamics in 2015 are
very different from 24 months ago.
Reflections on a rebrand: From a campus divided to a unified university
Authors: Bugg Holloway Betsy , Williams Laine
Published: July 2024

Strategic brand management has never been more important in higher education than it is today. Branding is, however, particularly challenging in the context of a typical university campus. Limited budgets, relatively low understanding and appreciation for marketing and the prevalence of disparate sub-brands, all create a difficult environment in which to establish centralised branding processes and strong institutional brands. This paper provides reflections on a university rebrand that moved a university from being a divided campus to a unified one. The paper addresses the story of this rebrand, processes followed and impactful outcomes achieved as a result. The paper concludes with lessons learned and implications that may benefit other higher education marketers in the future.
Outsourcing sport sponsorship sales to a sport management class: Understanding the benefits and risks
Authors: Lee Seungbum , Pinheiro Victor
Published: July 2024

Given the importance and challenge of selling sponsorship, small sport organisations need a strategic and creative approach to optimise their sponsorship sales. This paper introduces the concept of outsourcing the sponsorship sale operation to a university-based sport management class. The paper goes on to discuss the practical implications of outsourcing this function, including the risks and benefits.
Community engagement for early recognition and immediate action in stroke (CEERIAS): Pre and post COVID-19
Authors: Washington Knitasha V. , Aggarwal Neelum T. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Bradley Desiree Collins , Goodson Kellie , Malfesi Alexis , Schmidt Theresa
Published: July 2024

Engagement science can help healthcare providers understand promising practices that address health disparities. The Community Engagement in Early Recognition and Immediate Action in Stroke (CEERIAS) study began in 2014 with the aim of improving health outcomes related to stroke and addressing racial inequities among at-risk South Side Chicago neighbourhoods by engaging community members called ‘Stroke Promoters’ in designing and implementing a stroke preparedness programme. Launched in 2020, Phase II (2CEERIAS) furthered this aim by developing a replicable virtual platform for the programme in response to challenges prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The CEERIAS community engagement programme results provided meaningful data to South Side Chicago communities; nearly 40,000 ‘Pact to Act FAST’ pledges were collected over 11 months, and although early hospital arrival and emergency medical services (EMS) usage for confirmed stroke did not increase overall, early arrivals for suspected stroke increased significantly for men, younger people and black community members along with EMS usage for suspected stroke. The 2CEERIAS virtual programme collected nearly 3,800 new pledges in a 90-day window during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The engagement of trusted nonclinical laypeople during both phases of the CEERIAS study demonstrates that community engagement can positively influence clinical outcomes and increase reach and sustainability for such efforts. The use of engagement science can also generate a deep sense of co-creation among community members, and the ‘social contract’ approach can effect behavioural change. The virtual adaption reinforced important engagement science principles for interventions aimed at eliminating stroke disparities. To this day, eight years after research support ended for the CEERIAS programme, community members trained as ‘Stroke Promoters’ remain connected to the researchers and continue to educate family and neighbours about stroke preparedness.
The role of surveyors under the Party Wall etc. Act 1996
Authors: Redler Alistair
Published: July 2024

The Party Wall etc. Act 1996 (the Act) is a unique piece of legislation, as it applies a dispute resolution process for works affecting neighbouring owners that is administered by surveyors and not by the courts or through formal arbitration procedures. This gives surveyors appointed under the Act a statutory role and it is therefore important that surveyors properly understand the extent of that role, the responsibilities that come with it and the limits of their jurisdiction. This paper examines case law to explain key issues of the surveyor’s role in detail. Much of that case law is from the County Court, which means that it is not binding on other courts, but as many of those judgments make reference to decisions of higher courts, they give valuable guidance to surveyors about how the courts understand the surveyor’s role. Many of the decisions result from courts deciding that actions of a surveyor were incorrect, which shows the importance of not taking for granted that the regular practice of other surveyors is necessarily correct. This article focuses on the role of surveyors when each owner appoints their own surveyor. Many of the points will of course also apply to agreed surveyors.
Producing the business case for investment in energy efficiency
Authors: Lewry Andy
Published: July 2024

One of the biggest obstacles to the uptake of low carbon technologies is the production of a poor business case. Unless the business case stacks up and can survive close scrutiny, the idea will be thrown out, no matter how good it is. One of the major disjoints that exist in organisations is that between the technical departments and the management board. Rarely do the benefits of energy savings alone justify investment in energy efficient technologies and energy management initiatives. However, this is starting to change due to 10 per cent year-on-year increases in energy prices. Energy is now a significant cost even in an office-based environment, especially with the ever-expanding use of IT and office equipment. However, reduced maintenance and increased productivity need to be factored in if the business case is to stack up.
Building the smart hospital of the future with technology bets
Authors: Sukin Debra F. , Fulin Trent , Uralkan Murat
Published: July 2024

Houston Methodist, a leading hospital system, has embarked on a transformative journey to implement smart hospital initiatives aimed at elevating healthcare delivery and enhancing patient experiences. Central to this strategy is the ‘Smart Hospital DNA’, a framework that marries technological innovation with collaboration. Within this structure, the institution has incorporated predictive artificial intelligence, integrated ambient intelligence for heightened patient safety, leveraged service robots for diverse operations, and initiated remote monitoring through advanced wearables. A recent and successful example of this integrated methodology is seen in the telenursing programme, introduced in response to the challenges faced owing to the nursing shortage. This programme harnessed technology to bolster patient care metrics and enhance operational efficiency. The experiences and insights derived from these endeavours find their destination in Houston Methodist’s Cypress Hospital, serving as a model for the future-oriented hospital. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the ‘future bets’, discussing their design, execution and observed or predicted outcomes. Readers will gain insights into the balancing act of technological innovation with collaboration and will garner tools and strategies to navigate the digital landscape of modern healthcare.
The industrialisation of asset management reporting services
Authors: Saathoff Kai
Published: July 2024

In institutional asset management state-of-the-art reporting is a key success factor. But best-of-breed systems with unintegrated solutions are widely used. In addition, outsourcing of single services on request of single investors increases the degree of complexity. To fulfill the reporting requirements and deliver the services which are expected, the reporting system needs to be fully integrated into the system environment and should be part of the central management system which manages the integrated systems, workflows and data deliveries in a standardised, but flexible data transfer protocol. The industrialisation of asset management services is not finished, it has just begun.
The role of banking supervisors in identifying emerging systemic risk
Authors: Jenkins Stephen , Ong Stephen
Published: July 2024

As the banking industry and financial markets have evolved, so has the role of bank supervisors. Lessons learned through time, including the financial crisis of 2008, have forced supervisors to reassess their supervisory approach to more proactively identify and understand risks in the financial system as a whole vs the historic focus of assessing the condition of individual banks. Recently, supervisors have begun conducting ‘horizontal’ reviews across a range of entities, instruments and practices, thereby providing a macroprudential perspective and informing appropriate supervisory or policy responses. Additionally, the introduction of simulation models, including stress tests, into supervisory programmes provides a forward-looking assessment of how individual firms and the banking sector would perform under adverse operating scenarios. A forward-looking supervisory approach focused on identifying and understanding emerging macroprudential and systemic risks positions supervisors and policymakers to proactively respond to systemic threats.
Leveraging technology for strategic workplace decisions
Authors: Davis Simon , Murray Corinne
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the evolution of our global understanding of people, space and technology. This paper explores the impacts this will have on employees, employers and real estate. Employees will be given more options and choice of how, when and where they work. Employers will be faced with new challenges in the retention and attraction of talent and how to balance real estate needs versus cost (and start considering new metrics of success), and real estate will change in ways never before contemplated. As organisations navigate the journey to whatever is next, technology and data will be key elements in decision making and tracking what is working (and what is not). This will also require new skill sets in interpreting the information and a new focus on the effectiveness of the work environment, whether that is in the office, from home or at a third place.
Investigating the differences in transfer passengers' perceptions of airport service quality
Authors: Park Jin-Woo , Jung Se-Yeon
Published: July 2024

This paper seeks to investigate the differences in transfer passengers' perceptions of airport service quality at Incheon International Airport. To investigate the differences in passengers' perceptions, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to data collected from the three major transfer passenger groups, namely, English, Chinese and Japanese-speaking people. The results reveal that transfer passengers' perceptions of airport service quality are significantly different according to differences in cultural backgrounds.
Challenges in delivering digital content in archival and production environments
Authors: Dunham Brittan , Ming Candace
Published: July 2024

Archives both large and small face similar challenges. Indeed, digital asset management can be difficult whether managing 300 assets or 300,000. This paper examines the creation and management of digital asset management systems by two wildly different organisations, showing the need for accurate metadata, standardised workflows and automated processes no matter the size of the archive or how the content is delivered.
Legacy apps to cloud: A risk-based approach
Authors: Sharma Naresh
Published: July 2024

Legacy systems or applications constitute a certain portion of IT systems running in an organisation. The percentage of these legacy systems varies depending on the IT maturity, IT vision, roadmap, business needs and compliance or legal requirements faced by organisations. In some cases, the organisations run key operations on legacy systems because of the nature of their business or the upstream/downstream requirements of that application. Managing legacy applications puts a heavy burden on IT budgets and with organisations moving the applications on cloud, legacy applications will need to be considered to meet these long-term goals. Legacy systems come with their own challenges and moving them on cloud does alleviate some of them, but it needs thorough planning along with comprehensive risk management. This paper provides insights on challenges coming from legacy systems, planning their migration to supported systems on-premise or embarking to cloud journey, and how to run an effective risk management programme that will facilitate enterprises to take risk-based decisions.
Improving the practice of continuity through interdisciplinary understanding
Authors: Andrews Ron
Published: July 2024

Organisations are faced with a service environment that is rapidly evolving, increasingly complex and even more taxing on already limited resources. The situation has become highly dynamic and problematic. On top of this, continuity practitioners regularly work alongside complementary disciplines, such as enterprise risk and emergency management, but too often seek uncoordinated outcomes. This paper argues that the uncertainty and complexity of the current environment offers ample space to explore innovations in professional practice. Indeed, embracing this uncertainty could well contribute to professional improvement. The paper also argues that interdisciplinary collaboration can help redefine and articulate the identity of business continuity and its intended outcomes. Situated as preparedness work within one pillar of emergency management, and as operational risk in the field of enterprise risk management, business continuity is uniquely positioned to take on this challenge. As applied within organisations, the scope of continuity work is concurrently broad and narrow, holistic and segmented. Moreover, it influences (and is influenced by) the work of emergency managers, risk managers, supply chain specialists — even lean management practitioners. In short, there is much interdisciplinary space in which continuity professionals should examine opportunities for collaboration.
How to tell if your airport has a wayfinding problem
Authors: Harding Jim
Published: July 2024

Any airport without a wayfinding master plan and asset management programme as part of its signing and wayfinding process has a wayfinding problem on its hands, or at best, one in the making. This paper considers the basic question of how to recognise whether one's airport has a wayfinding problem. Discussion includes steps to follow in analysing the problem in both a reactive and proactive manner. Understanding the importance of proven wayfinding principles such as consistency, the backbone of any wayfinding system, will help airports develop effective wayfinding solutions. Acknowledging the key principle of any wayfinding strategy is to value it. For wayfinding to be successful, the wayfinding system must be treated as an integral part of the airport's building systems. The net result will provide airport customers with a wayfinding experience that yields positive results not just for the airport and its customer, but also the airport's bottom line.
Preventing and addressing AML/CFT risks of digital finance: The European regulatory and supervisory perspective
Authors: Neto Joana
Published: July 2024

Digital finance is not a new phenomenon, yet the impact of new technologies in the financial services industry has escalated over the past years. Despite bringing disruption of products and services on both front and back end, its opportunities involve inherent risks. The ones of money laundering and terrorist financing require special attention as they can have an impact on the integrity and stability of the financial markets. This paper focuses on the interlinks between these two worlds from a regulatory and supervisory perspective, based on the recent work developed by the European Banking Authority — that currently holds the statutory objective to prevent the use of the EU's financial system for money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF) purposes. For that purpose, this paper analyses: the main opportunities and challenges; the causes of the identified challenges; the role of regulation and supervision in the fight against the ML/TF risks that arise from these emergent business models, services and products, in the European market; and the future of digitalisation.
Comparison of notice requirements for consent between ISO/IEC 29184:2020 and General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Pandit Harshvardhan J.
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the ISO/IEC 29184:2020 standard and compares its requirements for notice and consent with those specified by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). More specifically, it considers the extent to which the ISO/IEC 29184 standard can be applied to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the GDPR and to identify the additional requirements in areas where it is not sufficient. The paper concludes with remarks on the potential role of ISO/IEC 29184 as a certification mechanism under the GDPR for consent and notice.
Discovery Park/ The East Kent Enterprise Zone
Authors: Cobbold Chris
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the putting together of the bid for an Enterprise Zone for the Pfizer site at Sandwich in East Kent, and the parallel bid for Regional Growth Funding. It identifies key lessons for those involved in the competitive bidding processes favoured by the Coalition Government in the era after the demise of the Regional Development Agencies. On 17th August, 2011, the Government announced that Discovery Park had been selected as one of 11 enterprise zones to be designated in the second phase of the EZ programme.
Protecting the airport from an insider threat: A systematic approach to aviation security
Authors: Lennerman Anders
Published: July 2024

For airports, the threat of a terrorist attack is ever-present. In the past few years, a number of terrorist acts against airports have taken place both within and outside the European Union — in Moscow in 2011, Glasgow in 2007 and Rome in 1985. The aims have varied, but such acts inflict injury, create fear and cause major damage to infrastructure. This paper explores the systematic planning that every airport security director needs to undertake to prevent terrorist acts in the public setting for which they are responsible.
Towards a 3-D model of risk management: Why is the current focus on culture, conduct and senior management having so little impact?
Authors: Storer Gary J.
Published: July 2024

Since 2008, regulators and risk professionals have recognised that culture and senior manager behaviour are critical drivers of fair treatment of customers and effective risk management. However, despite this recognition, cultures are slow to change, and regulatory and risk management failures at financial institutions continue. This paper argues that the paradigms adopted by regulators and risk professionals in addressing culture are flawed and that the rationalist, pseudo-scientific approach that underlies most risk management cannot control these fluid, sometimes chaotic and always complex factors. We identify some key indicators of effective cultures and highlight the challenges to risk departments, which must become expert in assessing organisational learning, management decision making and future thinking.
Gaining efficiency by centralising the corporate business resiliency process
Authors: Martinez Robert
Published: July 2024

Organisations have compiled many business continuity plans over the years in response to uncontrollable events and natural disasters. As the types of threats increase, even more plans are being created. Unfortunately, many corporations do not communicate the existence of these various plans outside of their centre of excellence. Creating a centralised oversight of your business resiliency process brings many benefits, including greater awareness, a bigger pool of expertise, common terminology and reducing the chances of redundant efforts. Having an overarching corporate response plan in place makes it possible to have high-level leadership trained and ready in case an extreme event occurs.
Retail advantage through a consumer-centric supply chain
Authors: Basford Nick
Published: July 2024

How quickly will your supply chain become truly consumer-centric? It is a rare occurrence to find a retail supply chain that is not built with some degree of end consumer experience considerations in mind, because consumer experience is fundamental to any retailer’s strategy. The opportunities and benefits of increasing consumer centricity can, however, be significant, particularly as e-commerce adoption continues to grow. Supply chain priorities are shifting to respond to the seemingly ever-rising expectations of e-commerce consumers. This can be referred to as a shift from ‘C’s to ‘P’s. Supply chains now often offer choice and convenience for consumers, having establishing home delivery capabilities at a sustainable cost for retailers. But to be truly consumer-centric, supply chains must offer consumers the ability to express shopping and delivery preferences and in return make supply chain-driven promises to consumers, thereby creating personalised experiences that in turn expand the profit opportunity for retailers. Many retail supply chains are emerging from the pandemicinduced ‘fire drill’ priority of moving from a ‘lean’ emphasis to ‘agile’ in a matter of months. And as they re-establish predictability and consistency in the consumer experience outcome, a new level of innovation is emerging. Powered by data and integrated technology solutions, there is now a clear opportunity for supply chains to play a much bigger role in retailer differentiation. The new priority is a consumer-centric supply chain.
Ready Reliable Care: The Defense Health Agency’s approach to high reliability
Authors: Silverman Shari , Meeker Meaghan
Published: July 2024

In its everyday actions, high reliability is the overarching framework guiding the Military Health System (MHS), comprised of the Defense Health Agency (DHA), the three Military Medical Departments and the Uniformed Services University. The High Reliability Organisation (HRO) framework, branded Ready Reliable Care (RRC) in the MHS, is based on process design, building culture and structures that promote safety, and improving outcomes to optimise HRO maturity. HROs achieve top outcomes and remain largely error free despite operating in complex or high-risk environments. Operations in HROs are characterised by repeatable processes that are regularly evaluated for change and improvement in collaboration with other affected areas of the organisation. DHA looks to other top health systems for leading HRO practices and characteristics to adapt and implement with the goal of achieving top outcomes in standardising processes; improving team communication; eliminating redundancies and gaps; and elevating the quality of care, safety and access for our beneficiaries. As part of that HRO journey, the DHA seeks to achieve system effectiveness across units through analysis, innovation and the sharing of information and knowledge. RRC provides a unified lens through which functional areas can learn from past experiences to build on and mature interoperable HRO capabilities that support service members and facilitate a consistent, safe, quality patient experience across the DHA. The DHA aims to ensure system maturity by conducting an assessment that will guide the development of capabilities needed to advance HRO principles and behaviours. In conjunction with functional subject matter experts, DHA developed an RRC Military Medical Treatment Facility (MTF) Maturity Index-Model to assess organisational HRO maturity at inpatient medical centres and community hospitals. The capability components of the RRC MTF Maturity Index-Model will align existing DHA and trusted national data sources and benchmarks to determine the current phase of RRC maturity at individual MTFs and across the system. Adaptation of this maturity index-model by other healthcare systems is possible and could provide other health systems with a tool to measure maturity of these healthcare systems as HROs.
Risk of digital assets: Developments in regulation and implementation
Authors: Milkau Udo
Published: July 2024

The normative narrative about ‘crypto’ or ‘digital assets' as potential substitutes for the traditional financial systems has the downside that such a new system could present new types of risk, thus requiring dedicated risk management. But is this narrative justified by reality? Actual implementations with a trend to centralisation, generic features of blockchain-based systems to be exploited by new types of intermediaries and recent events (including the collapse of the Terra ecosystem and the bankruptcy of FTX), triggered feedback from central banks and banking supervisors. Recently, the current development of regulations was toughened with a proposal that ‘trading in unbacked digital assets should be treated by regulators like gambling’. This paper avoids any normative discussion of how crypto or digital assets should look theoretically, but focuses on the actual developments. An analysis of the whole stack of layers of blockchain platforms, from influencer marketing to features such as ‘maximum extractable value’, can be condensed to the litmus test of ‘`Cui bono`?’ (‘to whom is it a benefit?’). This perspective reveals that blockchain-based systems are determined by the objectives and intentionality of the (new) intermediaries and are typically a mixture of gaming, gambling and scam. Consequently, the revised high-level recommendations of the Financial Stability Board for ‘global stablecoin’ arrangements, the European MiCA regulation and the amended capital requirements to the Basel framework are benchmarks for the treatment of crypto and digital assets. These are based on the economic objectives: from E-money-like instruments on the balance sheet of (new) intermediaries via traditional securities (equity or credit) to native digital assets, which resemble gambling according to ‘same business, same risk, same regulation’.
Making development deliverable: Overcoming the hurdles of s.106 obligations and the Community Infrastructure Levy
Authors: Coop Simon
Published: July 2024

The current housing crisis will only be solved if we build more houses, but the delivery of development rests upon its viability. Planning policy requirements are commonly viewed as a key area for discussion and the area in which developers look for the greatest ‘give’ on the part of local authorities. However, in the climate of public spending cuts, development is often being relied upon to fund infrastructure that has traditionally been paid for by the public sector. Against this context, this paper explores some of the key issues arising from planning policy requirements — Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) and s.106 obligations. It explains the likely impact of recent policy changes including restrictions upon the pooling of contributions, the ‘vacant building credit’, and the size threshold for the requirement of affordable housing. It provides examples of recent appeal decisions and High Court judgments and provides practical solutions to help navigate the increasingly complex topics of CIL and s.106 obligations.
Identifying skills needs for improving the engagement of young communities in the Housing Market Renewal process: A case study of neighbourhood facilities in Blackburn, England
Authors: Kasim Rozilah
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the skills necessary for attaining a full level of community engagement in the Housing Market Renewal (HMR) process. It explores: the roles of key stakeholders and their levels of involvement in the community engagement process; the barriers to attaining a full level of community engagement; and the stakeholders’ expectations from the engagement process, which led to the skills requirement for improving community engagement. The paper applies qualitative research with case study design of Bank Top play area in Blackburn. Rigorous data collection and analysis using NVivo computer-aided qualitative data analysis software was employed. Findings from the case study identified the skills required to attain a full level of community engagement in the HMR process aimed at consulting young people and showed some engagement, but this did not really empower the community. Even though the HMR programme has ended, lessons can still be drawn from it. This paper generates new knowledge about the skills required for engagement in the HMR process.
Ethical design: Persuasion, not deception
Authors: Van Der Lee Jeanette R. , Cuijpers Dries , Bloois Mareille De , Mastop Jessanne , Heesch Winnie Van , Steenbergen Elianne F. Van
Published: July 2024

Companies are continuously developing and refining techniques to influence the online consumer. There is, however, a fine line between persuasion and deception. This article discusses the boundaries of online persuasion, drawing on the guidelines developed by the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets. It describes the pitfalls associated with knowledge disparity between sellers and consumers, and argues that information asymmetry, cognitive biases and personalised communications can all impair the ability of consumers to make an informed choice. Using real-life examples, the article demonstrates how the design of online sales environments can go wrong. The article goes on to describe the benefits of ethical design, and provides guidance on how to make ethical design choices and use consumer data to test whether the design of an online environment is unfairly influencing consumers. Using these guidelines, marketing professionals can make thoughtful choices in the design of their online environment that will benefit both their company and its customers.
Digital asset management at Diageo plc
Authors: Mckillop Stephen
Published: July 2024

SmartBrand is Diageo’s digital asset management system, a large end-to-end approval, rights management asset library tool, built by the company in 2002, and the subject of ongoing senior support and funding. The challenges have been many— the tool has been deployed in 147 countries and has been adopted by the marketing community and supply brand change teams, as well as being used in The Diageo and Guinness Archives. The biggest challenge has been keeping pace with the plethora of high-quality websites SmartBrand’s users visit and build. Driving out complexity has been key, ie learning to unpick some of the conservative decisions that were made in the tool’s infancy. Also critical at a time of severe budget constraint is marketing the benefit of the tool to Diageo’s leadership. The continual improvement of SmartBrand is a journey based in strategy, and responding to user’s wants and meeting the business’ needs.
Comparing the benefits of pseudonymisation and anonymisation under the GDPR
Authors: Hintze Mike , El Emam Khaled
Published: July 2024

Many organisations are trying to obtain more value from their data to improve their products and services, offer new ones and optimise their own internal operations. For example, more chief data officers, or similar roles, are being created to drive such data-enabled transitions. With the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in place, these organisations need to determine the lawful basis for such activities. De-identification techniques, such as pseudonymisation and anonymisation, can play an important role in facilitating such secondary uses and disclosures of data. In regard to de-identification, the GDPR introduces nuances that have not previously been seen, recognising the existence of different levels of de-identification and explicitly adding references to pseudonymisation as an intermediate form of de-identification. This paper explores the nuances introduced by the GDPR, compares the benefits of the different levels of de-identification found in the regulation, and provides practical guidance for using de-identification as a tool for addressing different GDPR compliance obligations.
Returning to the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic: A framework to inform business decision-making
Authors: Koonin Lisa M.
Published: July 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many officebased workplaces closed and a large proportion of the workforce switched to working remotely. Plans to return to the office, however, have been delayed on several occasions due to surges in cases related to virus variants. Recognising that businesses need to know when and how to return safely to their offices, this paper provides a six-part framework to help guide their decisions regarding workplace re-entry.
The AnaCredit regulation is in place — a reflection on data-driven reporting: What has been achieved by the banks and regulators, and what remains to be done?
Authors: Hauet Olivia
Published: July 2024

By introducing the AnaCredit regulation, the European Central Bank (ECB) has taken the concept of data-driven regulatory reporting to an unprecedented level. In addition to an everincreasing burden of traditional template-based reports serving both supervisory and statistical purposes, credit institutions of the Euro area are requested to deliver micro-data on a loan-by-loan and borrower-by-borrower level on a monthly and quarterly basis. The data are compiled according to precise definitions and organised into an entityrelationship model. This innovative approach to data collection within the banking sector is premised on the following principles: any aggregated data can be obtained from granular data, but the reverse is not true — granular data enabling both drill-down and roll-up analysis; in order to be comparable, data need to be harmonised and standardised by way of common definitions and standards; data are of better quality when they are organised in a model reproducing business reality and input systems to the greatest extent possible; top-down indicators calculated from granular data are not necessarily known in advance as new indicators can emerge from correlations observed between the underlying data. This approach should alleviate the reporting burden put on credit institutions since it will be possible to compute new macro-prudential indicators from data that have already been collected. Ultimately, and to the extent that rules for data dissemination across the national and European authorities allow, it could also establish a bridge between statistical and supervisory needs, since numerous breakdowns required in templates forming part of the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR)/ Capital Requirements Directive (CRD) IV package or in short-term exercises could be derived from AnaCredit data in a bottomup approach — or, AnaCredit data could be used as an analytical tool for supervisors. This paper explores, by illustrative examples, how some of the caveats of the AnaCredit regulation, from its conception to its application, may impede the fulfilment of its double objective with regards to the collection of high-quality granular credit data across the Euro area and to the reduction of the reporting burden. It concludes with a discussion of the necessity to break down the remaining silos within banks but also within national and European authorities, and to pursue the work initiated on a larger scale through initiatives such as the Banks’ Integrated Reporting Dictionary (BIRD) and the Integrated Reporting Framework (IReF).
(In)security alert! Who is guarding the airport?
Authors: Messer Ron
Published: July 2024

Security at airports represents a major risk exposure. Poorly paid and underappreciated staff are tasked with controlling critical access points to ground and airside facilities. This paper describes a review of security services at a major North American airport, based on interviews conducted with management and personnel of a contracted service provider. It also evaluates service quality, contract compliance and the business processes involved in the delivery of those services. The review identified significant problems with staff turnover, training and performance; all factors that could lead to compromised security. It also examined the value received for money spent on delivering security services, considering their: (i) economy; (ii) efficiency and (iii) effectiveness.   While this review was confined to a single airport, it is expected that the methodology adopted, as well as the problems noted, will apply to other aviation facilities.
Operational resilience as a new concept and extension of operational risk management
Authors: Milkau Udo
Published: July 2024

In March 2021, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published new ‘Principles for Operational Resilience’, which define resilience as a bank’s ability to respond to and recover from disruptions, and the Bank of England published a ‘Statement of Policy on Operational Resilience’ that financial services firms should be able to prevent disruption occurring to the extent practicable, adapt systems and processes to continue to provide services and functions in the event of an incident, return to normal running promptly when a disruption is over and learn and evolve from both incidents and near misses. Both publications use the concept of a ‘disruption’ for a rare/plausible/severe event, which can be viewed through the prism of Frank Knight’s distinction between ‘known’ risk and ‘unknown’ uncertainty. We know that a pandemic, a financial crisis or even a global cyberattack can happen within a lifetime, but we do not know the probability and cannot estimate a frequency by number. A more general approach for risk — as applied in risksensitive industries — extended the traditional view of risk in ‘repeated games’ to rare events with catastrophic impact and includes our ‘strength of knowledge’ as a crucial factor in determining how much the past can be forecasted into the future. This approach and best practices from risksensitive industries such as power grids can help to integrate operational resilience into existing operational risk management in the financial services industry. Nonetheless, any precautionary measure of redundancy, flexibility and adaptivity requires additional investments and is antagonistic to the paradigm of economies of scale with minimisation of buffers. Therefore, the governance of operational resilience will require a fundamental and new understanding about rare ‘severe but plausible scenarios’, which might happen beyond typical timescales of management in a bank and require an intertemporal investment, which transcends usual economic reporting timescales.
The Fort McMurray, Alberta wildfires: Emergency and recovery management of healthcare services
Authors: Matear David
Published: July 2024

One of the largest wildfires in Canadian history raged through northern Alberta in May to July 2016, and prompted the largest emergency air evacuation in Canadian history. Central to the challenges were the evacuation of a regional hospital, and the emergency and recovery management associated with healthcare services. This paper describes multiple phases of emergency and recovery management, which employed and adapted the Incident Command System to healthcare services. There were no injuries reported throughout the medical evacuation and recovery of medical services. The leadership and management of healthcare services achieved the goals of evacuating patients and staff effectively, supporting emergency first responders and the re-entry of the population to Fort McMurray.
Rhinos and risk assessments: Adjusting risk assessment methodologies to account for ‘unforeseeable’ events
Authors: Robertson Jo
Published: July 2024

It is wrong to describe the COVID-19 pandemic as a ‘black swan’ (ie a catastrophic event that no one saw coming). Far more apt would be to call it a ‘grey rhino’ — something that has long been predicted but overlooked by leadership the world over. This paper argues that it is time to stop relying on outdated risk formulas and adjust risk assessment methodologies to account for these grey rhinos. Simply put, it is time to accept that the potential impact of an event is more important than its likelihood.