bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a new IAG Working Group on Spatial Leakage Mitigation in Satellite Gravimetry 
Authors: Boergens Eva , Flechtner Frank , Jäggi Adrian , Güntner Andreas , Dahle Christoph , Dobslaw Henryk
Published: September 2022

An inherent problem of satellite gravimetry is the limited spatial resolution of space-borne sensors observing various functionals of the Earth's gravity field. Due to the limited amount of sensor data available to calculate monthly gravity fields and the typically applied global mathematical basis functions, the problem is particularly severe for mass change applications from GRACE and GRACE-FO. That leads to apparent mass loss or gain in regions by mass signals from neighbouring regions and is called the spatial leakage effect.

The spatial leakage problem was identified well before GRACE's launch (see Wahr et al., 1998), and numerous methods have been proposed to assess and mitigate the adverse effects of spatial leakage. Available approaches can be grouped into

estimates obtained from numerical models of the most prominent surface mass processes;

data-driven approaches that only rely on the geodetic data themselves;

methodologies based on (non-geodetic) satellite remote sensing data; and

forward-modelling approaches, where a certain (time-invariant) geometry of surface mass change is assumed a priori and a limited set of (time-variable) parameters are estimated to fit the (spatially much smoother) gravity field data in a least-squares sense.

Despite the various approaches available, we note that spatial leakage is treated very differently for individual surface mass change applications and across the various international research institutions. Sometimes, leakage is readily corrected before providing mass anomalies to non-geodetic users. Other groups only provide some leakage approximation to inform users about this systematic error source. And in (increasingly rare) cases, leakage is not even treated at all. In order to consolidate approaches across the geodetic community, we propose to establish an IAG Working Group aiming to

collect different leakage mitigation methods;

develop a common and independent validation approach; and

recommend best practices in communicating spatial leakage to non-geodetic users of surface mass change data derived from satellite gravimetry.

This contribution will summarize the current status of our ideas in order to invite all interested colleagues to contribute to this initiative.
A joint inversion of gravimetry, altimetry and GNSS to improve spatial resolution of Earth system mass change
Authors: Wiese David , Argus Donald , Gardner Alex , Ellmer Matthias , Landerer Felix , Nilsson Johan , Peidou Athina , Schlegel Nicole
Published: September 2022

Knowledge of Earth system mass change is limited to spatial scales of approximately 300 km x 300 km, as this is near the native resolution of the data collected from the GRACE and GRACE-FO (G/GFO) satellite gravimetry missions.  Measurements of surface height change at much finer spatial scales can additionally be exploited to derive mass change, albeit with the proper treatment of the data.  Here, we jointly invert inter-satellite range-rate measurements from GRACE and GRACE-FO, surface height changes measured by in-situ GNSS receivers, and surface elevation changes from a multi-mission synthesis of radar and laser satellite altimeters to estimate mass change at spatial scales of 100 km x 100 km within a Bayesian framework over the time period 2002 - 2021.  In this talk, we will focus on results over North America, where nearly 3,000 in-situ GNSS measurements are processed in combination with G/GFO, and over Antarctica, where Envisat, ICESat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2 measurements have been processed in combination with G/GFO.  We find agreement between the geodetic data combination solution and the G/GFO-only solution at large basin scales, but unique knowledge of mass change is gained with the geodetic data combination solution at smaller spatial scales not observed by satellite gravimetry alone.
New Versions of the AEI-derived LRI1B dataset
Authors: Müller Laura , Müller Vitali , Misfeldt Malte , Wegener Henry , Yan Yihao , Hauk Markus , Bekal Pallavi , Bähre Simon , Heinzel Gerhard
Published: September 2022

The inter-satellite distance changes of the GRACE Follow-On spacecraft are measured by the main science instrument, the K-Band Ranging (KBR) system, and by the new Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI), which exhibits a higher precision. The official ranging data is provided by the Science Data System (SDS) in the so-called KBR1B and LRI1B data products, which are available in the latest version v04. However, the Albert Einstein Institute (AEI) in Hannover is deriving alternative LRI1B data products (v50+v52). These data sets allow us to investigate different processing strategies that might improve the quality of the ranging data.

We will present the most important processing steps for the AEI-derived data products and compare them to the official SDS v04 data. The main differences in the processing regard

the deglitching algorithm, which is essential to remove disturbances induced by thruster activations or by single event upsets

transformation of LRI time-tags to GPS time using a smooth and at day-bounds continuous correction formed by CLK1B, TIM1B, datation reports and empirical offsets obtained by daily cross-correlating KBR and LRI (only v50)

conversion of phase-to-range using a novel formula that was published recently and that can utilize a time-depend laser frequency (scale factor)

light-time-correction using alternative formulas that are expected to be more precise

tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling correction, which is similar to the antenna offset correction (AOC) in KBR1B but missing in LRI1B v04 so far.

Furthermore, we have implemented a quality flag to indicate special events such as sun-blinding periods or momentum transfer events that might reduce the quality of the ranging data. This allows to down-weight affected segments during gravity field recovery. By comparing LRI1B v04 and AEI-derived LRI1B data, a verification and validation of the official dataset is possible. We will conclude with some examples where the LRI1B data quality can be improved compared to the v04 results.

Our LRI1B datasets are available at:  https://www.aei.mpg.de/grace-fo-ranging-datasets
GRACE-FO and SLR updates from GSFC
Authors: Loomis Bryant , Croteau Michael , Sabaka Terry , Rachlin Kenny
Published: September 2022

We present a summary of our recent work on time-variable gravity estimates derived from GRACE/GRACE-FO and satellite laser ranging (SLR). We will show analyses summarizing the impacts of the improved accelerometer transplant product on our unregularized monthly spherical harmonics and regularized mascons. Additionally, we will discuss new efforts to leverage our high-resolution regression approach to capture short-term mass changes and climatology signals with enhanced spatial resolution and improved signal recovery. For our SLR work, we will present recent analysis of the impacts of the background gravity models on the C20 and C30 solutions provided in Technical Note 14, where considered models include a low degree expansion trend and seasonal regression model (current approach), GRACE/GRACE-FO RL06, and GRACE-FO RL06.1. New combined GRACE/GRACE-FO/SLR estimates are also presented and discussed. This work seeks to assess the reliability of Technical Note 14, and to investigate the potential benefit and impact of “quick-look” and “final” estimates of C20 and C30.
Reprocessing of KBR1B data on GRACE-FO and its advantages
Authors: Yan Yihao , Müller Vitali , Müller Laura , Wegener Henry , Heinzel Gerhard
Published: September 2022

The K-Band Ranging system (KBR) is the key payload to measure the inter-satellite distance variations with the accuracy of sub-micrometers in GRACE and its successor GRACE-FO missions. In addition to KBR, GRACE-FO is equipped with a laser interferometer (LRI) with higher precision at the nanometer level. The KBR observations are not only used as the main input data for the gravity field recovery but also play an irreplaceable role in re-scale the biased range measured by LRI. The KBR data processing from Level-1A to Level-1B converts the measured raw phase to the inter-satellite biased range (as well as range rate and range acceleration) mainly by correcting time-tags, fusing the phase for each frequency, correcting ionospheric effects, and low-pass filtering. Furthermore, the light time correction (LTC) and antenna offset correction (AOC) are computed. Although the KBR-LRI range residuals have been recently analyzed with the conclusion that they are mainly limited by time-tag errors at low frequencies, we still attempt to better understand the minor remaining deviations. In this study, we re-process the KBR data from Level-1A to Level-1B in alternative ways by mainly investigating:

1) to use an alternative method to fill gaps that occur sporadically in either the K or Ka channel based on transplanting the phase from the available to the missing channel and linearly interpolating the ionospheric effect. If both channels are missing, we propose to use interpolation ; 

2) to smooth the overlap of time-tags at day boundaries, which can reduce the jumps in bias range at day transitions;

3) to take into account time-varying carrier frequency with intraday variability when converting the phase to range; 

4) to improve the accuracy of LTC in low-frequency areas by using the range rate from KBR measured instead of the range rate from POD and, at high frequencies, reduce the numerical limitations by using analytical equations instead of an iterative equation;

5) to consider the movement of the satellite’s center of mass when computing the AOC.

Although these adaptations to KBR1B data are minor and seem to have no obvious differences in terms of gravity field maps at the current precision level, this study is useful to better understand the relationship between KBR and LRI and for the instrument characterizations in the future more precision missions.
Comparison of GRACE Follow-On Level-2 data from RL06 and RL06.1: Assessing the impact of the new accelerometer transplant data
Authors: Ghobadi-Far Khosro , Werth Susanna , Shirzaei Manoochehr , Loomis Bryant , Horwath Martin , Willen Matthias Oskar , Döhne Thorben Axel
Published: September 2022

The GRACE-D accelerometer data shows large bias jumps starting from 21 June 2018. The GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) Science Data System (SDS) centers (CSR, JPL and GFZ) use a transplant technique applying GRACE-C accelerometer data to replace that of GRACE-D. To improve the accuracy of non-gravitational measurements acting on the satellites, the GRACE-FO SDS centers recently released an updated hybrid-transplant accelerometer data for GRACE-D, which uses measurements from both satellites. Accordingly, updated (RL06.1) Level-2 (L2) monthly gravity solutions using the new accelerometer data are being released. In this work, we will present our results on quantification of the changes/improvements in the RL06.1 L2 solutions from all three SDS centers relative to RL06. We also explore the possibility of validating the changes using independent datasets. We first compare the low-degree harmonic coefficients C_{20} and C_{30} with those from SLR (TN-14) and examine their agreement at seasonal and interannual timescales. Using various spectral-domain analysis tools, we detect the spectral bands of spherical harmonic degrees and orders where the major changes in RL06.1 are observed. We then quantify the impact of such spherical harmonic coefficients on surface mass change estimates over the GRACE-FO period. Moreover, we quantify the noise reduction in monthly mass change solutions from RL06.1 (relative to RL06) over open oceans. For the latter analysis, we also detect the spatial regions as well as months which show the largest noise reduction and discuss the possible causes behind that. Our work is aimed at helping the GRACE-FO SDS to evaluate the improvement by new accelerometer transplant data.
The ionospheric hole detected by the GRACE Follow-On K-band ranging system after the 2022 Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022
Authors: Han Shin-Chan , Mikesell Dylan , Rolland Lucie
Published: September 2022

We present the observation of the travelling ionospheric disturbance (TID) all around the world after the Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022.  This is based on the dual frequency K-band low-low tracking from the GRACE Follow-On satellites as well as the GNSS high-low tracking from a constellation of Spire Global CubeSats.  The latter complements the GRACE Follow-On measurements in terms of spatial sampling.  We discuss the measurements of global ionospheric disturbance and speed of the detected TID (~320 m/s) following the atmospheric Lamb waves initiated by the HTHH volcanic eruption.  Interestingly, we found 2-3 orders of magnitude reduction in electron density (“ionospheric hole”) at ~480 km altitude right after the first passage of the atmospheric Lamb wave and it lasted several hours before being recovered.  This characteristic is being observed consistently by the GRACE Follow-On and CubeSat measurements.  They are brand-new data that can be used to study less known high-altitude (>500 km) ionospheric processes.  We present our on-going analysis and modelling of these measurements.
Disentangling timescales of terrestrial water storage variability 
Authors: Buzzanga Brett , Hamlington Ben , Fasullo John
Published: September 2022

Understanding regional terrestrial water storage (TWS) is essential for efficiently managing water resources in a warming climate. The nearly twenty years of observations from GRACE/GRACE-FO missions have enabled unprecedented investigation into the spatiotemporal variability of TWS. However, it remains unclear to what extent regional TWS trends are persistent fingerprints of anthropogenic warming or natural variability in the Earth system. In particular, ambiguity arises in the potential aliasing of quasi-periodic processes operating on interannual to decadal timescales into observed decadal trends.

To alleviate this ambiguity, we leverage additional datasets that extend the TWS record in time: two statistical reconstructions of GRACE/GRACE-FO that extend the observed time-series into the past, and the suite of modeling results contained in the Community Earth System Model 2 Large Ensemble (LENS) Project. After establishing that these additional data reflect the observed variability, we assess the impact of record length on regional trends. Specifically, we address two questions:

1) Is the magnitude of observed trends anomalous relative to longer record lengths?

2) How does the dominant timescale of variability change as a function of record length and dataset?

Preliminary findings suggest that in most locations around the world, the magnitude of regional trends observed by GRACE/GRACE-FO are high compared to the reconstructions. In much of the Amazon, Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and India, the LENS dataset also shows lower variability than the observations. With spectral analysis, we find that much of these regions are dominated by interannual periodicities. Regression against climate indices gives further evidence that interannual periodicities are more important than decadal in explaining TWS variability. Such results suggest that the strong ENSO events in 2010-2011 and 2015-2016 were an important component of observed regional trends and that further observations are needed to disentangle climate variability from secular change.

© 2022. California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.
Triangular grids on the sphere
Authors: Sebera Josef , Bezděk Aleš , Ebbing Jörg
Published: September 2022

Inverting LRI data from GRACE-FO (NASA/GFZ) is challenging from  multiple points of view. To benefit from the laser instrument, that provides a higher precision compared with the KBR ranging, the global basis functions such as spherical harmonics may not provide the best service for exploiting data the full potential. Because the regional analyses use surface elements such as mascons, we present two alternatives in terms of the spherical triangles that may also be used as target elements for the inversion. Since the spherical trigonometry can be used, a relatively easy manipulation and remeshing is possible if appropriate indexing is used. Furthermore, such grids are also used in the solid-Earth models models like LITHO1.0 and WINTER-C, and, thus they may provide an easy link from satellite gravimetry to solid-Earth disciplines. We show the properties of both grids, how to properly index them and how to reduce SST data for the continental part of the signal with the monthly solutions.
Assessment of Seepage from the Grand Ethiopean Renaissance Dam: A Remote Sensing-Based Application
Authors: Abdelmohsen karem , Sultan mohamed , Yan Eugene , Save Himanshu
Published: September 2022

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) was built over the Pan African highlands in western Ethiopia and upon completion, its reservoir will cover an area of 1,904 km2 and impound 74 km3. The reservoir encroaches over Precambrian metamorphic rock, syntectonic intrusives, late and post tectonic granitic intrusives, calcite, dolomite, and Tertiary basalts. The basement rocks are characterized by deep regolith (up to 60 m) and highly deformed texture, related to NE–SW extension associated with the breakup of Gondwana and NW–SE-directed extension and opening of the Main Ethiopian Rift. The extended and recurrent tectonic activities left behind a highly deformed landscape in western Ethiopia. The static (Copernicus Digital Elevation Model), and temporal satellite data analysis (GRACE and GRACE-FO, Sentinel-1, 2, MODIS, Radar altimetry) were used to monitor and quantify seepage from the GERD reservoir. Findings reveal the following. (1) using Sentinel-1 images that capture the variations in the reservoir storage, the impounded water in GERD in the first (2020) and second (2021) fillings were found to decline relative to the Initial Storage (IS Filling I: 3.7 Km2, IS Filling II: 9.3 Km2) by 29 and 37%, respectively. (2) using GRACE data that measures the water in the GERD Reservoir and its surroundings, we found that the GRACETWS values exceed the reservoir storage detected from Sentinel-1 data and is more comparable to the targeted filling volumes. (3) One interpretation of the discrepancies between the GRACE and Sentinel-1 data is losses to evaporation and infiltration.  The evaporation remained insignificant during the filling process (<0.5 Km3), whereas losses to infiltration along the highly fractured (faults, shear zones) and within the weathered basement rocks remain a plausible explanation that merits additional investgations.
GRACE Response to Climate Change over Engineered and Nonengineered Basins
Authors: Sultan Mohamed , abdelmohsen karem , Karimi Hadi , Saleh Hassan , Save Himanshu
Published: September 2022

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-Follow On (GRACE-FO) have enabled understanding and monitoring of the impacts of climate change on many of the major world’s watersheds. The Tigris Euphrates watershed covers an area of 1×106 km2 with two main rivers, the Euphrates River (length: 2800 km) and the Tigris River (length: 1900 km) originate from the highlands of Turkey, Iran, and Syria and flow downstream towards Iraq. Our analysis of multiple satellite missions (e.g., GRACE, GRACE Follow-On, Landsat 5,7,8, and satellite radar altimetry) and global land surface models over the highly engineered Tigris Euphrates watershed (30 dams) showed an impressive recovery of the system following a prolonged drought (2007–2018; Average Annual Precipitation [AAP]: ~400 km3) by an extreme precipitation event in 2019 (726 km3) with no parallels in the past 100 years. This recovery (113±11 km3) compensated for 50% of the losses endured during drought by impounding a large portion of the runoff within the reservoirs (capacity: 250 km3). In basins lacking artificial reservoirs a different response to extreme precipitation events is observed from temporal GRACE solutions.  Extreme precipitation events (2011-2022) over northern Arabia (PPT: Hail: 8.43 km3; Ad-Dahna: 2.22 km3 and Medina: 3.71 km3) and central Arabia (PPT: Riyadh: 4.66 km3 and Mecca: 0.21 km3) produced an increase in GRACETWS that lasted for a few months only. Similarly, cyclones over Oman (2011and 2015; PPT: 6 and 6.6 km3, respectively) produced a similar effect, where most of the precipitation ends up as losses from the water budget to evaporation or runoff. This is apparently the case for many of the nonengineered hydrologic systems that have no storage capacity to capture the runoff.  Our findings demonstrate the role of dams in drought mitigation and sustenance of water supplies through storage and controlled distribution, and suggest that highly engineered watersheds are better prepared to deal with the projected increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall and drought events in the 21st century. 
A global analysis of water storage variations from remotely sensed soil moisture and daily satellite gravimetry
Authors: Blank Daniel , Eicker Annette , Bochynski Friederike , Güntner Andreas
Published: September 2022

Information on water storage changes in the soil can be obtained on a global scale from different types of satellite observations. While active or passive microwave remote sensing is limited to investigating the upper few centimeters of the soil, satellite gravimetry can detect changes in the full column of terrestrial water storage (TWS) but cannot distinguish between storage variations occurring in different soil depths. Jointly analyzing both data types promises interesting insights into the underlying hydrological dynamics and may enable a better process understanding of water storage change in the subsurface.

In this study, we aim to investigate the global relationship of (1) several satellite soil moisture (SM) products and (2) non-standard daily TWS data from the GRACE and GRACE-FO satellite gravimetry missions on different time scales. The six SM products analyzed in this study can be categorized based on their degree of post-processing and the observed soil depth. Original level-3 surface SM data sets of SMAP and SMOS are compared to post-processed level-4 data products (surface and root zone SM) and a multi-satellite product provided by the ESA CCI.

We decompose the signal into seasonal to sub-monthly frequencies and carry out the comparison with respect to spatial patterns and temporal variability. An additional time-shift analysis will indicate differences in the temporal dynamics of soil moisture storage change in varying depth layers. We will apply tailored temporal masking of the time series to focus on time spans with favorable signal-to-noise ratio and to exclude time spans of snow cover or frozen soil. Additional data sets, such as precipitation events, will be added to the analysis to enhance the interpretation of the comparison of soil moisture and water storage variations.
The importance of Sierra Nevada Mountain snowpack to Central Valley aquifer recharge
Authors: Werth Susanna , Shirzaei Manoochehr , Carlson Grace
Published: September 2022

Aquifer recharge is an essential component of sustainable groundwater management plans in California. The Sierra Nevada Mountain’s snow pack during winter months is believed to be important for aquifer recharge and studies support that a significant amount of  late winter to spring snow melt infiltrates as mountain front and mountain block recharge. Details of the connections between the Sierra’s mountain groundwater recharge processes to the adjacent Central Valley basin aquifer remain unclear. With the purpose to achieve a better understanding of this connection, we investigate geodetic, hydrologic, and climate datasets. These include total water storage variations from GRACE JPL Mascons and composite hydrology to quantify groundwater storage changes in the Central Valley. We study seasonal variations in this and other groundwater related observables, after isolating them through wavelet multi-resolution analysis of all datasets. The results for valley wide timing and amplitude of the various datasets provide insight into seasonal recharge mechanisms and they indicate that the Sierra Nevada Mountains play a more prominent role in the recharge of California’s deep Valley aquifers than previously assumed. We further support this finding through process-based model experiments. The time that is needed for vertical pressure propagation from the Sierra Nevadas to deep aquifer layers in the Valley is consistent with observed time difference between occurance of maximum water availability for groundwater recharge in the Sierra Nevadas and that of maximum groundwater levels in deep aquifer layers. Based on our findings, we suggest that models used for groundwater management plans need to include the Sierra Nevada Mountains for accurate predictions of human and climate change impacts on the Central Valley’s groundwater resources.
Regional modeling of water storage variations in a Kalman filter framework
Authors: Wöhnke Viviana , Eicker Annette , Weigelt Matthias
Published: September 2022

Water mass changes at and below the surface of the Earth cause changes in the Earth’s gravity field which can be observed by at least three geodetic observation techniques: ground-based point measurements using terrestrial gravimeters, space-borne gravimetric satellite missions (GRACE and GRACE-FO) and geometrical deformations of the Earth’s crust observed by GNSS. Combining these techniques promises the opportunity to compute the most accurate (regional) water mass change time series with the highest possible spatial and temporal resolution, which is the goal of a joint project with the interdisciplinary DFG Collaborative Research Centre (SFB 1464) "TerraQ – Relativistic and Quantum-based Geodesy".

A method well suited for data combination of time-variable quantities is the Kalman filter algorithm, which sequentially updates water storage changes by combining a prediction step with observations from the next time step. As opposed to the standard way of describing gravity field variations by global spherical harmonics, we will introduce space-localizing radial basis functions as a more suitable parameterization of high-resolution regional water storage change. A closed-loop simulation environment has been set up to allow the testing of the setup and the tuning of the algorithm. In a first step only simulated GRACE data together with realistic correlated observation errors will be used in the Kalman filter to sequentially update the parameters of a regional gravity field model. However, the implementation was designed to flexibly include further observation techniques (GNSS, terrestrial gravimetry) at a later stage. This presentation will outline the Kalman filter framework, introduce the regional parameterization approach, and address challenges related to, e.g., ill-conditioned matrices and the proper choice of the radial basis function parameterization.
Initial results from five-day GRACE/GRACE-FO mascon solutions from CSR
Authors: Save Himanshu , Hasan Emad , Rateb Ashraf , Tamisiea Mark , Sun Alexander , Scanlon Bridget
Published: September 2022

This study will focus on the 5-day global mascon solution produced from GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite tracking data. This paper will discuss the techniques used and challenges encountered with production of such a global total water storage and ocean bottom pressure product with high temporal sampling. This paper will discuss the results from the analysis performed over hydrological and ocean basins to validate the higher frequency signals captured in this product. Out of many uses of this product, one important use is producing high temporal resolution GRACE/GRACE-FO signals with a latency of a few days for ingestion into automated machine learning algorithms for flood detection applications
Effects of Social Distancing and Lockdown Protocols on Fatality Rates of COVID-19 in the U.S. during the First Year of the Pandemic.
Authors: Hardoon Valerie , Pierce Bryant A. , Mbanefo Solomon C. , Shah Harin N. , Markan Kanav , Forsythe Marika L.
Published: September 2022

Background: SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus strain responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, can lead to respiratory diseases ranging in severity. In the early stages, each U.S. state implemented a transition or “phasing” policy that included varying degrees of safety protocols. This allowed the states to slowly reopen while controlling transmission. The initial lockdown was observed to help suppress the pandemic, and our study aimed to determine if there was a correlation between fatality rates and the phase transitions across the states.
Methods: Six states from regions with different caseloads were chosen for this study: Florida, California, New York, Washington, Kansas, and Texas. Incidence and mortality rate of COVID-19 were obtained from their respective government websites, allowing case fatality rates to be calculated and compared using Bayesian logistic mixed models.
Results: When examining the fatality rates across phases grouped by state, there was a downward trend with each transition except in Texas. However, when the states were combined the overall downward trend was clear, with a median fatality rate of 0.039 in phase 0 dropping to 0.010 by phase 4.
Conclusion: Implemented safety protocols and phase transitions were shown to assist in controlling the spread of COVID-19 as the states re-opened. Differences in fatality rates throughout the U.S. can likely be explained by how disciplined each state was with quarantine requirements and social distancing policies. This allowed certain states to control the infectious spread more efficiently than others, thus allowing the states to progress through the phase transitions at different rates.
Docência em Educação Física na interface com o atletismo: percursos (auto)biográficos
Authors: Rodrigues Aline
Published: September 2022

Este artigo objetiva dialogar com a constituição docente em Educação Física na relação com o atletismo. A metodologia pauta-se na narrativa (auto)biográfica. Apresenta experiências construídas na e com a Educação Básica, bem como apropria-se de documentos pessoais como fontes. Resultou em três eixos de discussão: a) o atletismo e a docência em Educação Física; b) o atletismo nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental; e c) percursos de/na “volta” ao Ensino Médio. Denota-se que, na relação com o conteúdo tematizado, revela-se uma professora curiosa, que aprende para ensinar e ao ensinar. A constituição docente é marcada, portanto, pela incessante busca por saberes, pela resiliência e pela potência das relações interpessoais estabelecidas nos diversos espaços e tempos.
The lived experience of clinical instructors as simulated patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Silberman Nicki , Casella Caitlin , Lam Michael , Lin Fanny
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Simulated patients (SPs) during simulated learning experiences (SLEs) are typically played by a trained actor, potentially requiring significant training time and cost. The participating university’s physical therapist (PT) education program recruits clinical instructors (CIs) to play the SP role during SLEs that represent various learning environments (in and out patient). As there is limited literature exploring the SP experience, especially from a clinician perspective, the purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to describe the lived experience of CIs as SPs.
Methods: This qualitative inquiry used an inductive approach to identify the experiences of CIs as SPs. Eight CIs participated in an individual semi-structured interview to gather their perspectives about their experiences playing the SP role during SLEs. A constant-comparative approach was used to develop codes, which were further collapsed into categories and main themes. Member checks and peer review were conducted to establish trustworthiness of the findings.
Results: Qualitative analysis revealed four main themes: (1) Becoming the Patient, (2) A Window into the Student Experience, (3) We See It Every Day: Using Experience to Guide Performance, and (4) Giving Back Through Teaching.
Conclusion: Being an SP was an enjoyable experience that allowed CIs to participate in teaching and give back to their profession. Empathy gained for both patients and students through the SP experience influenced the CIs’ own clinical practice and may enhance CIs’ preparation for student clinical experiences and improve CI mentoring skills.
Attitude of Parents towards Public and Private Secondary Schools: A Case Study of Parents in Maiduguri (MMC) of Borno State
Authors: Adamu Ibrahim Ghide , Aminu Abdulrahim , Ahmed Adam Shaaba
Published: September 2022

This survey study sought to examine the attitude of the parent towards public and private secondary schools in Maiduguri and Jere metropolis. The population consisted of all the parents and guardians of children in public and government-approved private secondary schools: Purposive random sampling was used to select 180 parents from various schools in the study area. Researchers made a questionnaire for data collection. The instrument was validated and has a reliability coefficient of 0.88 determined through the Cronbach alpha method. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation in answering the four research questions posed. The findings revealed some factors such as teacher quality and quantity, school environment, facilities, effective curriculum implementation, and stability of academic activities as responsible concepts for parents' perception on their preference in choice of secondary schools. The study also reveals that some parents are less interested in quality and standard in training their wards. This has given proprietors of schools the opportunity to establish more schools, some of which are not even registered. It was recommended among others that government should set the standard and regulate the existing private schools, close down those that are not up to standard and improve teaching and teaming facilities in the public schools to make them more attractive.
Implementasi AI Pendeteksi Pola Gerak Tangan pada Game “Pong Ball” dengan Menggunakan Algoritma Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Saputra Wahyu S.J. , Fardana Muhammad Hakam , Valentino Muhammad Alfa Rizky
Published: September 2022

mouse, dan joystick merupakan perangkat keras yang sering digunakan untuk interaksi antara manusia dengan komputer yang mana bersifat mekanis. Meskipun akurat, tetapi model dari metode interaksi yang dilakukan tidaklah bersifat alami sebagaimana manusia berinteraksi dengan sesamanya. Untuk dapat beroperasi, diperlukan adanya kontak langsung antara pengguna dengan komputer. Hal yang diteliti disini ialah pola gerak tangan. Hal tersebut diteliti dengan menggunakan sebuah program dengan bantuan kamera webcam untuk melakukan pengenalan pada objek tangan. pendeteksian pola gerak tangan diimplementasikan dengan menggunakan library cvzone dan algoritma Convolutional Neural Network. Penerapan dari akurasi data program yang dibuat ialah dengan memainkan game “Pong Ball”. Uji coba menggunakan game “Pong Ball” sederhana dimana gerakannya keatas dan kebawah. Ketika tangan digerakkan keatas, maka bat pong ball akan keatas sesuai pola gerak yang dilakukan, begitupun sebaliknya. Dari uji coba penelitian dengan pencahayaan terang, game “Pong Ball” berjalan dengan lancar, sedangkan ketika pencahayaan yang diterima kurang atau redup, maka otomatis sensor gerak akan melambat. Tidak hanya itu, program juga mampu mendeteksi 2 sampai 4 objek tangan yang memungkinkan terjadinya permainan antar tim.
Rancang Bangun Website Project Management Untuk Project Specific Repository Checklist Pt Anabatic Digital Raya Menggunakan Metode Rad (Rapid Application Development)
Authors: Lita Ade , Putra Syahrizal Dwi
Published: September 2022

The development of the digital era is currently progressing very rapidly. Website-based applications can be a solution needed by companies that want to develop a more integrated online communication and information system. PT Anabatic Digital Raya is improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the Compliance Officer (CO) team in the process of checking project documents. By building a project management website application for the Project Specific Repository Checklist file by applying the RAD (Rapid Application Development) method, the goal to be realized will be achieved, namely increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the Compliance Officer team.
Perancangan Sistem Aplikasi Perekrutan Karyawan Berbasis Web Menggunakan Algoritma String Matching
Authors: Lestari Ayu Indah , Junaedi Ifan , Sianipar Anton Zulkarnain
Published: September 2022

Sistem perekrutan karyawan baru, selama ini masih bersifat konvensional dimana calon pegawai yang akan melamar pekerjaan harus mendatangi langsung ke perusahaan untuk menyerahankan berkas tertulis. Perusahaan dapat mengatasi hambatan dan batasan dari metode perekrutan konvensional dengan menggunakan e-recruitment. Dari permasalahan yang ada penulis merancang dan membangun sistem informasi perpustakaan keliling yang diharapkan dapat menangani permasalahan tersebut. Dalam mencari kebutuhan, pengembangan sistem dilakukan melalui metode pengumpulan data dengan observasi. Pada metode pengembangan sistem, penulis menggunakan metode pengembangan berorientasi objek dengan tools menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML) pada system analysis and design. Peneliti menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan MYSQL sebagai databasenya. Diharapkan dengan adanya sistem informasi Perekrutan Karyawan ini, proses yang terkait menjadi lebih mudah, karena sistem informasi ini dapat diakses secara multi user.
Investment Decision-Making under Covid-19 Pandemic Pressure Based on Demographic Variables
Authors: SURYA Mohammad Tomi Adi , ADY Sri Utami
Published: September 2022

The covid-19 Pandemic has made many people work from home to have much time to trade in the capital market. Through the "Yuk Nabung Saham” program, Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) tries to introduce the capital market to young investors through a partnership with the university. This study aimed to analyze the effect of demographic variables (age, gender, and experience) on investment decision-making through risk perceptions and risk attitudes in the Indonesia Stock Exchange under the Covid-19 pandemic pressure. Used SEM-PLS analysis with Mediation effects, 160 Surabaya’s Investors as respondents analyzed. This study showed that age, gender, and experience affect investment decision-making through risk perception and risk attitude. In the Covid-19 pandemic, market conditions were very dynamic and erratic, resulting in investors' perceptions and risk attitudes changing, thus changing their behaviour to become more speculative and reactive to take advantage of the market. Students’ respondents were currently young investors who may not yet have mature financial capabilities, so they had behaviour with a high psychological bias. But in the next ten years, these investors would have grown into professional investors who strengthened the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
A delayed radiation-induced necrotic lesion in the brainstem mimicking tumor recurrence confirmed by stereotactic biopsy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Choi Eunbee , Hong Seungwoo , Chang Won Seok
Published: September 2022

It is important to differentiate radiation necrosis (RN) from tumor recurrence because these conditions require different treatments. Despite the use of various imaging techniques, this distinction remains difficult due to the high heterogeneity of brain tissue. Stereotactic biopsy is still considered the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis of RN despite its invasiveness. However, if the location of the lesion is in the brainstem, stereotactic biopsy is very difficult to even for skillful surgeons. We herein report a case of a 24-year-old male with a history of medulloblastoma at the age of 5, who presented with distinct gait disturbance and dysarthria at a regular visit. The initial radiological diagnosis of a brain mass was recurrent medulloblastoma. Considering the initial diagnosis, additional radiotherapy was considered. Nevertheless, the chance of the mass being RN could not be eliminated. Despite the high risk due to the location of the lesion, a frame-based stereotactic biopsy was performed. The pathological diagnosis after the biopsy confirmed the lesion as RN. This case illustrates the importance of stereotactic biopsy in differentiating between tumor recurrence and RN, even when the location of the lesion makes it challenging.
Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmayı Desteklemede Yeşil Kamu Mali Yönetimi ve Bütçelemenin Ülkeler Arası Bir Analizi
Authors: GÜNGÖR GÖKSU Gonca
Published: September 2022

This study analyses green public finance management (PFM) and emphasise its stages to support sustainable development. It aims to explore the practices of green PFM and budgeting in member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU). A comparative cross-country analysis was performed using the secondary data from "the Joint Survey on Emerging Green Budgeting Practices" conducted by OECD and EU. It is concluded that green PFM and budgeting is a new implementation in limited countries or has not been put into practice in most of them efficiently yet. It is considered that green PFM and budgeting will become more crucial in future because of the effects of climate change and environmental degradation. This study is also one of the limited research focused on the main stages of the green PFM in reaching the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) regarding climate change and environmental issues.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Business and Economic Research, Vol. 12, No. 3
Authors: Young Daisy
Published: September 2022

Business and Economic Research (BER) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from June 1, 2022, to September 1, 2022. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether BER publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Ahmed ZouhairAngela WrightBratu (Simionescu) MihaelaCristina Alina NaftanailaElena GurguFayez Bassam ShriedehHengky Sumisto HalimJosé MartinsMamta SinghMohsen MohagheghMuddassar SarfrazNemer BadwanOleksandr V. DluhopolskyiRoderikus Agus TrihatmokoRomeo Victor IonescuShyamkumar D. KalpandeYixun XingZi-Yi Guo
Prince By Numbers: A Mathematical Analysis of Prince’s Creativity
Authors: Merlette Darryle
Published: September 2022

Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958–April 21, 2016) is widely recognized as one of the most prolific musical geniuses of his generation, and indeed, of all time. Much of that reputation came from his work in the 1980s, during which he established himself as a workaholic and became an international superstar. There are many fans who still define Prince’s best years as occurring in the 1980s. Ignoring for a moment the subjective notion of “best,” which is often problematically correlated to sales and chart position, this article attempts to employ some quantitative analysis of Prince’s creativity over time to lend some insight. A prerequisite is to define Prince’s creativity (no easy feat!) and to determine how it is best measured. Along the way we hope to shed some light on questions such as: Did his most productive years happen during his rise to fame in the 1980s? Did his level of output in the ’80s forecast what was to come later? Was he really a modern-day Mozart? The mathematical analysis that is used draws heavily from ideas of natural laws in systems theory and is inspired by the works of Cesare Marchetti and Theodore Modis.
Looking for the Light: Beowulf Sheehan on Photography and Cormac McCarthy
Authors: Peebles Stacey , Sheehan Beowulf
Published: September 2022

In this interview, Stacey Peebles talks to Beowulf Sheehan, the preeminent author photographer working today, about his experience photographing writers. In particular, Sheehan describes the 2014 photo session in which he traveled to Santa Fe and photographed Cormac McCarthy, both at the Santa Fe Institute and at McCarthy’s home. The occasion was McCarthy’s forthcoming novel The Passenger—which would not be published, as it turned out, until 2022, and then as two novels, The Passenger and Stella Maris. Sheehan talks about the relationship of text, author, and image; how he approached the exciting challenge of photographing McCarthy; and his own thoughts about McCarthy’s work.
Incongruent Bodies
Authors: Spada Marissa
Published: September 2022

This article explores the political humor behind Saturday Night Live’s presidential impressions and how the stakes of such humor are higher when the candidate is a woman. Drawing on theories of comic incongruity, I argue that SNL’s American presidents have “incongruent bodies”; that is, they challenge long-held assumptions about how power and leadership are to be visualized and embodied but ultimately maintain the patriarchal status quo. In the case of former candidate Hillary Clinton, however, what makes her incongruent with the role of the presidency is the simple fact of her being a woman. I argue that SNL’s Hillary Clinton characters, played by Amy Poehler and Kate McKinnon, foreground the basic contradiction of the woman candidate, offering an embodied critique on the gendering of power and leadership in America.
The Currency and Relevancy of Confucian Pedagogy in Doctoral Supervision
Authors: Lo Vai Io
Published: September 2022

The training of future academics and researchers is part of higher education. Doctoral studies consist of both teaching and research. Numerous studies have been conducted on the theory and practice of doctoral studies in and across various disciplines. Basically, the central questions of doctoral supervision are why, what, and how. It is imperative for a prospective supervisor to understand why he or she would like to undertake doctoral supervision. This is because the underlying aims will affect the quality of the intellectual and research training experience for both the supervisor and the supervisee. Once the underlying reasons are identified, the next question is what the supervisor wants to achieve. In essence, what a supervisor would like to accomplish in doctoral supervision is a value judgement because to what he or she attaches importance determines the intended outcomes. Towards the specific goals, the supervisor must determine how to materialize them. In fact, what approach or style as well as what policies and strategies should be adopted to cultivate research and scholarship skills in doctoral students constitute a significant portion of existing literature. Given that the ‘how’ is the most challenging element, this study attempts to draw inspirations from the Confucian pedagogy..