bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with oncology patients' involvement in shared decision making during chemotherapy
Authors: Colley Alexis , Halpern Jodi , Paul Steven , Micco Guy , Lahiff Maureen , Wright Fay , Levine Jon D. , Mastick Judy , Hammer Marilyn J. , Miaskowski Christine , Dunn Laura B.
Published: September 2016

Objective

Oncology patients are increasingly encouraged to play an active role in treatment decision making. While previous studies have evaluated relationships between demographic characteristics and decision‐making roles, less is known about the association of symptoms and psychological adjustment characteristics (eg, coping styles and personality traits) and decision‐making roles.

Methods

As part of a larger study of symptom clusters, patients (n = 765) receiving chemotherapy for breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer provided information on demographic, clinical, symptom, and psychological adjustment characteristics. Patient‐reported treatment decision‐making roles (ie, preferred role and role actually played) were assessed using the Control Preferences Scale. Differences among patients, who were classified as passive, collaborative, or active, were evaluated using χ2 analyses and analyses of variance.

Results

Over half (56.3%) of the patients reported that they both preferred and actually played a collaborative role. Among those patients with concordant roles, those who were older, those with less education and lower income, and those who were less resilient were more likely to prefer a passive role. Several psychological adjustment characteristics were associated with decision‐making role, including coping style, personality, and fatalism.

Conclusions

Oncology patients' preferences for involvement in treatment decision making are associated with demographic characteristics as well as with symptoms and psychological adjustment characteristics, such as coping style and personality. These results reaffirm the complexities of predicting patients' preferences for involvement in decision making. Further study is needed to determine if role or coping style may be influenced by interventions designed to teach adaptive coping skills.
Therapy of 645 children with parapneumonic effusion and empyema—A German nationwide surveillance study
Authors: Segerer Florian J. , Seeger Karin , Maier Anna , Hagemann Christine , Schoen Christoph , van der Linden Mark , Streng Andrea , Rose Markus A. , Liese Johannes G.
Published: September 2016

Objective: To evaluate the initial management of pediatric parapneumonic effusion or pleural empyema (PPE/PE) with regard to length of hospital stay (LOS). Methods: Collection of pediatric PPE/PE cases using a nationwide surveillance system (ESPED) from 10/2010 to 06/2013, in all German pediatric hospitals. Inclusion of PPE/PE patients <18 years of age requiring drainage or with a PPE/PE persistence >7 days. Staging of PPE/PE based on reported pleural sonographic imaging. Comparison of LOS after diagnosis between children treated with different forms of initial invasive procedures performed ≤3 days after PPE/PE diagnosis: pleural puncture, draining catheter, intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy, surgical procedures. Results: Inclusion of 645 children (median age 5 years); median total LOS 17 days. Initial therapy was non‐invasive in 282 (45%) cases and invasive in 347 (55%) cases (pleural puncture: 62 [10%], draining catheter: 153 [24%], intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy: 89 [14%], surgical procedures: 43 [7%]). LOS after diagnosis did not differ between children initially treated with different invasive procedures. Results remained unchanged when controlling for sonographic stage, preexisting diseases, and other potential confounders. Repeated use of invasive procedures was observed more often after initial non‐invasive treatment or pleural puncture alone than after initial pleural drainage, intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy or surgery. Conclusions: Initial treatment with intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy or surgical procedures did not result in shorter LOS than initial pleural puncture alone. Larger prospective studies are required to investigate which children benefit significantly from more intensive forms of initial invasive treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:540–547. © 2016 The Authors. Pediatric Pulmonology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Foreign body removal in children: Recommendations versus real life—A survey of current clinical management in Germany
Authors: Schramm Dirk , Ling Kerstin , Schuster Antje , Nicolai Thomas
Published: September 2016

Background

Task forces of the European Respiratory Society (ERS, 2003) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS, 2015) both recommend rigid bronchoscopy for foreign body removal in children. However, there is an increasing number of publications recommending flexible bronchoscopy as primary method for foreign body removal in children.

Methods

We therefore initiated a nationwide survey, investigating the routinely used method of foreign body removal in children in different centers in Germany.

Results

In total, 259 centers took part in the survey. Twenty percent used flexible bronchoscopy as primary method of choice for foreign body removal. Of note, only 40% of the respondents reported that they had attended formal training courses in flexible bronchoscopy, 15% in rigid bronchoscopy, and 42% had never attended a formal training. Twenty‐five percent indicated that they had already encountered an emergency situation during or after foreign body removal, requiring intensive care.

Conclusion

Published data shows that rigid bronchoscopy involves fewer complications and is more successful in foreign body removal in children. It is consequently questionable, why 20% of the medical centers report a preference for the flexible method. One reason might be the poor availability of rigid bronchoscopy and the difficulty gaining sufficient expertise in rigid bronchoscopy in Germany. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:656–661. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Commentary on: “Levofloxacin‐Induced QTc Prolongation Depends on the Time of Drug Administration”
Authors: Garnett C , Johannesen L
Published: September 2016

Circadian variations in the corrected QT (QTc) interval have been documented in clinical trials. Animal models show circadian variations in expression of the cardiac ion channels that are necessary to maintain the heart's electrophysiological properties. Can these diurnal rhythms in QTc affect the ability of a drug to delay cardiac repolarization?
Evolution of superconducting gap anisotropy in hole‐doped 122 iron pnictides
Authors: Platt Christian , Li Gang , Fink Mario , Hanke Werner , Thomale Ronny
Published: September 2016

Motivated by recent experimental findings, we investigate the evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in 122 iron pnictides as a function of hole doping. Employing both a functional and a weak coupling renormalization group approach (FRG and WRG), we analyze the Fermi surface instabilities of an effective 122 model band structure at different hole dopings x, and derive the gap anisotropy from the leading superconducting instability. In the transition regime from collinear magnetism to ‐wave, where strong correlations are present, we employ FRG to identify a non‐monotonous change of the gap anisotropy in qualitative agreement with new experimental findings. From the WRG, which is asymptotically exact in the weak coupling limit, we find an ‐wave to d‐wave transition as a function of hole doping, complementing previous findings from FRG [Thomale et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 117001 (2011)]. The gap anisotropy of the ‐wave monotonously increases towards the transition to d‐wave as a function of x.
Differential analysis of muscle fatigue induced elbow and wrist tremor in controlled laparoscopic manoeuvring
Authors: Chandra Sourav , Hayashibe Mitsuhiro , Thondiyath Asokan , Ramalingam Manickam
Published: September 2016

Background

Fatigue induced hand tremor (FIT) is a primary limiting concern for the prolonged surgical intervention in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and robot‐assisted‐minimally invasive surgery (RAMIS). A thorough analysis is necessary to understand the FIT characteristics in laparoscopic tool movement. The primary aim of this study is to perform a differential analysis of the elbow and wrist tremor due to muscle fatigue in laparoscopic manoeuvring.

Methods

We have introduced a joint angle based tremor analysis method, which enables us to perform a differential study of FIT characteristics at the individual joint. Experimental data was acquired from a group of subjects during static and dynamic laparoscopic movement in an imitative RAMIS master manipulation scenario. A repetitive task was performed with a total span of 1 h for observing the effect of muscle fatigue. Along with the joint angle variation, surface electromyography (sEMG) signal was also studied in the analysis.

Results

The wrist tremor is more predominant than tremor generated at the elbow, especially in highly fatigued condition. The high‐frequency tremor (>4 Hz) is contributed by the wrist joint. Moreover, the variation of the wrist and elbow tremor ratio was found to be dependent upon the experience of the surgeons.

Conclusions

In this work, we have investigated the attribution of elbow and wrist joints in FIT during laparoscopic tool manipulation. The outcomes may be useful for the design of robot‐assisted surgical manipulator, and can be used for quality assessment of surgical training as well.
Robustness analysis of uncertain discrete‐time systems with dissipation inequalities and integral quadratic constraints
Authors: Hu Bin , Lacerda Márcio J. , Seiler Peter
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a connection between dissipation inequalities and integral quadratic constraints (IQCs) for robustness analysis of uncertain discrete‐time systems. Traditional IQC results derived from homotopy methods emphasize an operator‐theoretic input–output viewpoint. In contrast, the dissipativity‐based IQC approach explicitly incorporates the internal states of the uncertain system, thus providing a more direct procedure to analyze uniform stability with non‐zero initial states. The standard dissipation inequality requires a non‐negative definite storage function and ‘hard’ IQCs. The term ‘hard’ means that the IQCs must hold over all finite time horizons. This paper presents a modified dissipation inequality that requires neither non‐negative definite storage functions nor hard IQCs. This approach leads to linear matrix inequality conditions that can provide less conservative results in terms of robustness analysis. The proof relies on a key J‐spectral factorization lemma for IQC multipliers. A simple numerical example is provided to demonstrate the utility of the modified dissipation inequality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of adaptive treatment strategies based on longitudinal outcomes in sequential multiple assignment randomized trials
Authors: Li Zhiguo
Published: September 2016

In sequential multiple assignment randomized trials, longitudinal outcomes may be the most important outcomes of interest because this type of trials is usually conducted in areas of chronic diseases or conditions. We propose to use a weighted generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach to analyzing data from such type of trials for comparing two adaptive treatment strategies based on generalized linear models. Although the randomization probabilities are known, we consider estimated weights in which the randomization probabilities are replaced by their empirical estimates and prove that the resulting weighted GEE estimator is more efficient than the estimators with true weights. The variance of the weighted GEE estimator is estimated by an empirical sandwich estimator. The time variable in the model can be linear, piecewise linear, or more complicated forms. This provides more flexibility that is important because, in the adaptive treatment setting, the treatment changes over time and, hence, a single linear trend over the whole period of study may not be practical. Simulation results show that the weighted GEE estimators of regression coefficients are consistent regardless of the specification of the correlation structure of the longitudinal outcomes. The weighted GEE method is then applied in analyzing data from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visible Light and Aqueous Ethanol Synergy: An Efficient One‐Pot Route for the Synthesis of Spiropyran Derivatives
Authors: Rai Pragati , Rahila  , Sagir Hozeyfa , Siddiqui I. R.
Published: September 2016

In this work, we disclose a convenient and eco‐friendly protocol for the synthesis of spiropyran derivatives by one‐pot three‐component reaction of ninhydrin, active methylene compounds and 1,3‐dicarbonyl using Compact fluorescent lamp as a source of light in the absence of any additional catalyst. In view of the various advantages this strategy gives an efficient and straightforward pathway to construct spiropyrans in an eco‐friendly fashion.
Solution‐Based in–situ Synthesis of Transition Metal Sulfides as Efficient Counter Electrodes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Niu , Zheng Fang , Xu Jixing , Huang Hua , Li Guowang , Xia Zhifen , Sun Panpan , Sun Xiaohua
Published: September 2016

Transition metal sulfide films Co−S, Mo−S, and Ni−S have been deposited by spin‐coating their precursor solutions followed by a mild thermal treatment. X‐ray diffraction results and X‐ray photoelectron spectrum demonstrate that the solution‐processed Co−S, Mo−S, and Ni−S are composed of CoS2, MoS2, and NiS with NiS2, respectively. Electrochemical characterizations reveal these sulfide films deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glasses as counter electrodes (CEs) show high catalytic activity to I3− species and good electrical conductivity compared to that of conventional Pt/FTO. Photo‐electric conversion efficiencies of 6.42 %, 5.82 %, and 5.72 % are obtained for the DSSCs adopting Co−S CE, Mo−S CE, and Ni−S CE, respectively, comparable to the device (6.59 %) employing Pt/FTO CE.
New Organic Semiconducting Scaffolds by Supramolecular Preorganization: Dye Intercalation and Dye Oxidation and Reduction
Authors: Li Lina , Zhao Yubao , Antonietti Markus , Shalom Menny
Published: September 2016

The assembly of melamine and 2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone results in new “sheet‐like” supramolecular crystals that by controlled thermal condensation can be converted to photoactive materials at relativity low temperatures. The condensation temperature alters the materials properties from polymer‐like to carbon materials alongside their morphology and elemental ratio. This new method opens the possibility for the synthesis of new organic, photoactive carbon–nitrogen based frameworks at low calcination temperatures with great simplicity. Photodegradation experiments of methylene blue reveal that the obtained materials can perform dye reduction photochemically with visible photons, while at the same time the photogenerated holes oxidize the dye toward small molecular fragments.
Using a clinical decision‐making framework to foster sonographer student learning in the clinical setting
Authors: Thoirs K. , Sim J.
Published: September 2016

Sonographers in clinical education roles have an important role in developing clinical skills in sonography students. These skills include technical (psychomotor) skills, image interpretation skills and clinical decision‐making (CDM) skills. CDM in clinical practice is important for the quality of clinical services. Although, there is well developed and a growing body of knowledge on CDM in the health and medical literature, there is a paucity of information that sonographers or sonography students can draw on to facilitate the development of decision‐making skills in the clinical setting. We postulate that a framework or model of CDM can be useful in teaching and evaluating critical thinking and clinical reasoning in sonography students. CDM frameworks can help students and their supervisors organise their learning to solve clinical questions by providing guidance, organisation and sequencing of learning experiences, scaffolding of learning, building of existing knowledge and skills through new real life experiences and promotion of deep learning. This paper outlines and discusses the elements of a CDM framework and how it can be used to in the clinical setting to develop CDM skills and provide a structure for clinical teaching.
Towards a Practice of Systemic Change — Acknowledging Social Complexity in Project Management
Authors: Klein Louis
Published: September 2016

The Anthropocene calls for systemic change which requires much more than good ideas, stakeholder activism and self‐organization. Successful change is managed in the form of a project. However, project management itself needs to learn to cope with the systemic complexity of the real world, especially with social complexity. Hence, this paper explores the paradox of reintroducing complexity within a discipline that has professionalized the reduction of complexity. Acknowledging the inevitability of the social aspects in human activity systems, this paper suggests decomposing social complexity along a political and a cultural perspective. This has methodological implications and practical consequences. First, the political stakeholder analysis is enriched with a systemic and ecological view. Second, cultures are interpreted along the lines of meaning‐creation and sensemaking, exploring the stories which are the world to us. Thus, navigating systemic change finally embarks on the concept of next practice, promoting a path forward, step by step. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecosystem Approaches to Health and Well‐Being: Navigating Complexity, Promoting Health in Social–Ecological Systems
Authors: Bunch Martin J.
Published: September 2016

Ecosystem Approaches to Health (also known as ‘ecohealth’) link population or community health and well‐being with the environment and sustainable development. The approach is based on the understanding that health outcomes emerge from interrelationships within social–ecological systems. The ecohealth approach rests on principles of transdisciplinarity, participation, gender and social equity, systems thinking, sustainability, and research‐to‐action. This paper introduces the emerging field of ecohealth as an approach rooted in systems thinking. The approach will be illustrated with three case studies; an application to interrelated crises of poverty, environmental degradation, and zoonotic disease along the Bishnumati River in Kathmandu, Nepal; improvement of community well‐being in a low‐income informal settlement in Chennai, India; and an ongoing project with the Credit Valley Conservation Authority in Southern Ontario, Canada that is oriented to identifying and communicating relationships among ecosystem services and human health so as to demonstrate the importance of watershed management. These projects are typical of the Anthropocene, in which human systems impact the natural systems upon which they depend. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of icing roughness on wind turbine power production
Authors: Blasco Peter , Palacios Jose , Schmitz Sven
Published: September 2016

The objective of this work is a quantitative analysis of power loss of a representative 1.5‐MW wind turbine subject to various icing conditions. Aerodynamic performance data are measured using a combination of ice accretion experiments and wind tunnel tests. Atmospheric icing conditions varying in static temperature, droplet diameter and liquid water content are generated in an icing facility to simulate a 45‐min icing event on a DU 93‐W‐210 airfoil at flow conditions pertinent to 80% blade span on a 1.5‐MW wind turbine. Iced airfoil shapes are molded for preservation and casted for subsequent wind tunnel testing. In general, ice shapes are similar in 2D profile, but vary in 3D surface roughness elements and in the ice impingement length. Both roughness heights and roughness impingement zones are measured. A 16% loss of airfoil lift at operational angle of attack is observed for freezing fog conditions. Airfoil drag increases by 190% at temperatures near 0° C, 145% near 10° C and 80% near 20° C. For a freezing drizzle icing condition, lift loss and drag rise are more severe at 25% and 220%, respectively. An analysis of the wind turbine aerodynamic loads in Region II leads to power losses ranging from 16% to 22% for freezing fog conditions and 26% for a freezing drizzle condition. Differences in power loss between icing conditions are correlated to variance in temperature, ice surface roughness and ice impingement length. Some potential control strategies are discussed for wind turbine operators attempting to minimize revenue loss in cold‐climate regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applied catastrophic phase inversion: a continuous non-centrifugal phase separation step in biphasic whole-cell biocatalysis
Authors: Glonke Sebastian , Sadowski Gabriele , Brandenbusch Christoph
Published: September 2016

Biphasic whole-cell biotransformations are known to be efficient alternatives to common chemical synthesis routes, especially for the production of, e.g. apolar enantiopure organic compounds. They provide high stereoselectivity combined with high product concentrations owing to the presence of an organic phase serving as substrate reservoir and product sink. Industrial implementation suffers from the formation of stable Pickering emulsions caused by the presence of cells. State-of-the-art downstream processing includes inefficient strategies such as excessive centrifugation, use of de-emulsifiers or thermal stress. In contrast, using the catastrophic phase inversion (CPI) phenomenon (sudden switch of emulsion type caused by addition of dispersed phase), Pickering-type emulsions can be destabilized efficiently. Within this work a model system using bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEHP) as organic phase in combination with E. coli, JM101 was successfully separated using a continuous mixer settler setup. Compared to the state-of-the-art centrifugal separations, this process allows complete phase separation with no detectable water content or cells in the organic phase with no utilities/additives required. Furthermore, the concentration of the product is not affected by the separation. It is therefore a simple applicable method that can be used for separation of stable Pickering-type emulsions based on the knowledge of the point of inversion.
Effect of pH on the Binding of Sodium, Lysine, and Arginine Counterions to l‐Undecyl Leucinate Micelles
Authors: Lewis Corbin , Hughes Burgoyne H. , Vasquez Mariela , Wall Alyssa M. , Northrup Victoria L. , Witzleb Tyler J. , Billiot Eugene J. , Fang Yayin , Billiot Fereshteh H. , Morris Kevin F.
Published: September 2016

Micelle formation by the amino acid‐based surfactant undecylenyl l‐leucine was investigated as a function of solution pH with NMR, dynamic light scattering, and fluorescence spectroscopy. NMR and dynamic light scattering showed that 50 mM undecylenyl l‐leucine and 50 mM NaHCO3 solutions contained micelles approximately 20 Å in diameter and that micelle radius and the mole fraction of surfactant molecules associated with micelles changed very little with solution pH. The binding of the amino acids arginine and lysine to the anionic micelles was also investigated from pH 7.0 to 11.5. Below pH 9.0, the mole fraction of arginine cations bound to the micelles was approximately 0.4. Above pH 9.0, the arginine counterions became zwitterionic, and the mole fraction of bound arginine molecules decreased steadily to less than 0.1 at pH 11. When arginine dissociated from the micelles, their radii decreased from 14 to 10 Å. Similar behavior was observed with lysine; however, when lysine dissociated from the micelle surface, little change in micelle radius was observed. Two‐dimensional NMR experiments suggested that below pH 9.0, l‐arginine bound perpendicular to the micelle surface primarily though its side chain amine while l‐lysine bound parallel to the surface through both of its amine functional groups. Finally, the rate at which the amide protons on the surfactant headgoup exchanged with solvent was investigated with NMR spectroscopy. The exchange reaction was faster in solutions containing only surfactant monomers and slower when the surfactants were in micellar form and the headgoup amide protons were less exposed to solvent.
Revisiting the Enzymatic Epoxidation of Vegetable Oils by Perfatty Acid: Perbutyric Acid Effect on the Oil with Low Acid Value
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Jingnan , Liu Ruili , Bi Yanlan
Published: September 2016

Enzymatic epoxidation of vegetable oils in the presence of free fatty acids has been well studied in recent years, by mainly using long chain fatty acids (e.g., stearic acid) as the active oxygen carrier. However, for the previous enzymatic processes, the acid value (AV) of final epoxidized oils using long chain fatty acids is high, and the free fatty acid is not easily removed in the post treatment with water. Aiming at developing a more sustainable process, enzymatic epoxidation of sunflower oil was revisited using different free fatty acids catalyzed by Novozym 435 (lipase B from Candida antarctica, provided by Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). When long chain stearic acid was introduced into the epoxidation in toluene solvent, the epoxy oxygen group content (EOC) of 6.41 ± 0.19 % was obtained. Due to the poor water solubility of stearic acid, the AV of the final epoxidized oil product was very high (53.40 ± 1.34) after it was washed with water. Alternatively, current study shows that the epoxidation process using short chain butyric acid produced the final epoxidized oil with lower AV of 2.57 ± 0.11. When the enzymatic epoxidation of sunflower oil was optimized in the presence of butyric acid and Novozym 435, EOC of 6.84 ± 0.21 % was obtained, reaching an oxriane conversion of 96.4 ± 3.0 %. Therefore, introducing short chain butyric acid as an active oxygen carrier will provide an alternative to the present enzymatic epoxidation process and produce the desired epoxidized oil products with much lower AV only after simple water‐treatments, which will make the enzymatic epoxidation more attractive.
Waste Frying Oils as Substrate for Enzymatic Lipolysis: Optimization of Reaction Conditions in O/W Emulsion
Authors: Moya‐Ramírez Ignacio , Fernández‐Arteaga Alejandro , Jurado‐Alameda Encarnación , García‐Román Miguel
Published: September 2016

Waste frying oils (WFO) can be both environmental pollutants and a source of valuable products. In this work we explore the conversion of WFO into surface‐active substances, such as FFA and partial glycerides, through enzymatic hydrolysis in O/W emulsion. Two different WFO and three lipases of different origin were tested. In addition, we optimized the conditions for the production of O/W emulsions to be used as reaction medium as well as several reaction parameters, such as the type of enzyme and its concentration, the pH, and the presence of Ca2+ ions. Gum arabic‐stabilized emulsions with an oil fraction of 0.15 proved to be the most adequate owing to their high interfacial area and short‐term stability. The physicochemical characterization of both WFO revealed the presence of an increased amount of surface‐active matter relative to food‐grade vegetable oils. These substances, mainly FFA, can interfere with lipase action and reduce the reaction rate. However, the extent of hydrolysis was only slightly affected by them, and remained fairly similar to that achieved with a control mixture of food‐grade vegetable oils. The product distribution depended on the enzyme used. Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase was found to be particularly suitable for the production of partial glycerides (mono‐ and diacylglycerols), which are in great demand by the food industry. In any case our results demonstrate that WFO are a good substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis, comparable to food‐grade vegetable oils, providing an alternative route for the valorization of this waste.
Factors influencing students’ receptivity to formative feedback emerging from different assessment cultures
Authors: Harrison Christopher J. , Könings Karen D. , Dannefer Elaine F. , Schuwirth Lambert W. T. , Wass Valerie , Van der Vleuten Cees P. M.
Published: September 2016

Introduction Feedback after assessment is essential to support the development of optimal performance, but often fails to reach its potential. Although different assessment cultures have been proposed, the impact of these cultures on students’ receptivity to feedback is unclear. This study aimed to explore factors which aid or hinder receptivity to feedback.

Methods Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, the authors conducted six focus groups in three medical schools, in three separate countries, with different institutional approaches to assessment, ranging from a traditional summative assessment structure to a fully implemented programmatic assessment system. The authors analyzed data iteratively, then identified and clarified key themes.

Results Helpful and counterproductive elements were identified within each school’s assessment system. Four principal themes emerged. Receptivity to feedback was enhanced by assessment cultures which promoted students’ agency, by the provision of authentic and relevant assessment, and by appropriate scaffolding to aid the interpretation of feedback. Provision of grades and comparative ranking provided a helpful external reference but appeared to hinder the promotion of excellence.

Conclusions This study has identified important factors emerging from different assessment cultures which, if addressed by programme designers, could enhance the learning potential of feedback following assessments. Students should be enabled to have greater control over assessment and feedback processes, which should be as authentic as possible. Effective long-term mentoring facilitates this process. The trend of curriculum change towards constructivism should now be mirrored in the assessment processes in order to enhance receptivity to feedback.
Early-adult outcome of child and adolescent mental disorders as evidenced by a national-based case register survey
Authors: Castagnini A.C. , Foldager L. , Caffo E. , Thomsen P.H.
Published: September 2016

Background

Mental disorders show varying degrees of continuity from childhood to adulthood. This study addresses the relationship of child and adolescent mental disorders to early adult psychiatric morbidity.

Methods

From a population at risk of 830,819 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years, we selected all those (n = 6043) who were enrolled for the first time in the Danish Psychiatric Register with an ICD-10 F00-99 diagnosis in 1995-1997, and identified any mental disorder for which they received treatment up to 2009.

Results

Neurodevelopmental and conduct disorders were the principal diagnostic groups at 6-16 years and exhibited a characteristic male preponderance; while affective, eating, neurotic, stress-related and adjustment disorders were more common in girls. Over a mean follow-up period of 10.1 years, 1666 (27.6%) cases, mean age 23.4 years, were referred for treatment to mental health services, and they had a markedly higher risk than the general population (RR 5.1; 95% CI 4.9-5.4). Affective, eating, neurodevelopmental, obsessive-compulsive and psychotic disorders had the strongest continuity. Heterotypic transitions were observed for affective, eating, neurodevelopmental, personality and substance use disorders.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that individuals with psychiatric antecedents in childhood and adolescence had a high risk of being referred for treatment in early adulthood, and many mental disorders for which they required treatment revealed both homotypic and heterotypic continuity.
Non-linear aeroelastic analysis in the time domain of high-aspect-ratio wings: Effect of chord and taper-ratio variation
Authors: Suleman A. , Afonso F. , Vale J. , Oliveira É. , Lau F.
Published: September 2016

Commercial jets usually have relatively low-aspect-ratio wings, in spite of the associated benefits of increasing the wing aspect-ratio, such as higher lift-to-drag ratios and ranges. This is partially explained by the fact that the wing becomes more flexible by increasing the aspect-ratio that results in higher deflections which can cause aeroelastic instability problems such as flutter. An aeroelastic computational framework capable of evaluating the effects of geometric non-linearities on the aeroelastic performance of high-aspect-ratio wings has been developed and validated using numerical and experimental data. In this work, the aeroelastic performance of a base wing model with 20 m span and 1 m chord is analysed and the effect of changing the wing chord or the taper-ratio is determined. The non-linear static aeroelastic equilibrium solutions are compared in terms of drag polar, root bending moment and natural frequencies, and the change in the flutter speed boundary is assessed as a function of aspect-ratio using a time-marching approach.
‘For the bibliographers at UCL’: A humument and the lessons it teaches 21st century librarians
Authors: Welsh Anne
Published: September 2016

Object-based learning lies at the heart of teaching in both historical bibliography and cataloguing classes on the MA Library and Information Studies at UCL. Tom Phillips's work A humument and the novel he chose to use as his canvas, W.H. Mallock's A human document provide memorable ‘object lessons’ with scope for students to synthesize and evaluate their pre-existing learning from inside and outside the modules. It is important that the examples used in class are simple enough to illustrate the strengths of any conceptual model yet complex enough to highlight its limits. It is also ideal if examples can be beautiful as well as useful. A humument fulfills all these criteria and, for students with no background in art or art librarianship, also introduces the artists' book as a genre and artists themselves as an important and interesting user group within information services.
Perioperative Quality of Life in Cushing’s Disease
Authors: Ye Vincent Chen , Akagami Ryojo
Published: September 2016

Background: Our study evaluated the perioperative quality of life (QoL) in Cushing’s disease (CD) patients, along with correlations between patient variables and cure rate. Methods: The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF)-36 questionnaire was used to assess perioperative QoL. Patients completed one survey preoperatively and two surveys postoperatively. Retrospective chart review was conducted to collect SF-36 data as well as examine variables including: age, hospital stay, size of tumour, pathological diagnosis, timing of cure, and complication rates. Statistical analysis was conducted on the scores reported by the SF-36, and were compared with the normal Canadian population values, and to a sample of QoL from nonfunctioning pituitary tumour patients. This project was approved by University of British Columbia Research Ethics Board #H15-01572. Results: In general, CD patients have relatively poor QoL that does improve as expected when cured, but not quite to normal levels. Factors associated with cure included presence of macroadenoma, confirmatory pathology, and patient age. Postoperative timing of cure appears to affect the durability of cure, with an immediate cure having a higher durability rate than delayed cure. Most recurrences occurred within 10 months postoperatively. Conclusions: This review of the perioperative QoL in CD helps to illustrate how QoL changes throughout the treatment process, how QoL compares to normal Canadian population levels, and how QoL compares to patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. As treatment outcome has such a high impact on QoL, the variables identified in this study will help to better inform patients about the treatment course.
Role of CD46 Polymorphisms in the Occurrence of Disease in Young Chinese Men With Human Adenovirus Type 55 Infection
Authors: Lv Qi , Ding Hui , Liu Zi-quan , Gao Hong-wei , Yu Bao-guo , Wu Zhou-wei , Fan Hao-jun , Hou Shi-ke
Published: September 2016

Objective

Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55) has recently caused multiple outbreaks. This study examined polymorphisms in CD46 to determine their involvement in HAdV-55 infection.

Methods

A total of 214 study subjects infected with HAdV-55 were included in our study. The study subjects were divided into those with silent infections (n=91), minor infections (n=85), and severe infections (n=38). Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from CD46 were examined.

Results

Compared with the AA genotype, the TT genotype at rs2724385 (CD46, A/T) was associated with a protective effect against disease occurrence, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.20 (0.04-0.97) (P=0.038). There were no significant differences between the patients with minor and severe infection and those who had silent HAdV-55 infection in the other CD46 SNPs. We next compared the polymorphisms of these genes according to disease severity in HAdV-55-infected patients with clinical symptoms. The results showed that there were no significant differences between minor infections and severe infections.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that the CD46 SNP at rs2724385 is associated with the occurrence of disease in HAdV-55-infected patients. A much larger number of samples is required to understand the role of CD46 polymorphisms in the occurrence and progression of infection by HAdV-55. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:427–430)
Coding of geodesics and Lorenz-like templates for some geodesic flows
Authors: DEHORNOY PIERRE , PINSKY TALI
Published: September 2016

We construct a template with two ribbons that describes the topology of all periodic orbits of the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle to any sphere with three cone points with hyperbolic metric. The construction relies on the existence of a particular coding with two letters for the geodesics on these orbifolds.
Global effect of local skin friction drag reduction in spatially developing turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Stroh A. , Hasegawa Y. , Schlatter P. , Frohnapfel B.
Published: September 2016

A numerical investigation of two locally applied drag-reducing control schemes is carried out in the configuration of a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer (TBL). One control is designed to damp near-wall turbulence and the other induces constant mass flux in the wall-normal direction. Both control schemes yield similar local drag reduction rates within the control region. However, the flow development downstream of the control significantly differs: persistent drag reduction is found for the uniform blowing case, whereas drag increase is found for the turbulence damping case. In order to account for this difference, the formulation of a global drag reduction rate is suggested. It represents the reduction of the streamwise force exerted by the fluid on a plate of finite length. Furthermore, it is shown that the far-downstream development of the TBL after the control region can be described by a single quantity, namely a streamwise shift of the uncontrolled boundary layer, i.e. a changed virtual origin. Based on this result, a simple model is developed that allows the local drag reduction rate to be related to the global one without the need to conduct expensive simulations or measurements far downstream of the control region.
Observation of resonant interactions among surface gravity waves
Authors: Bonnefoy F. , Haudin F. , Michel G. , Semin B. , Humbert T. , Aumaître S. , Berhanu M. , Falcon E.
Published: September 2016

We experimentally study resonant interactions of oblique surface gravity waves in a large basin. Our results strongly extend previous experimental results performed mainly for perpendicular or collinear wave trains. We generate two oblique waves crossing at an acute angle, while we control their frequency ratio, steepnesses and directions. These mother waves mutually interact and give birth to a resonant wave whose properties (growth rate, resonant response curve and phase locking) are fully characterized. All our experimental results are found in good quantitative agreement with four-wave interaction theory with no fitting parameter. Off-resonance experiments are also reported and the relevant theoretical analysis is conducted and validated.
Morphometric and molecular analyses of Skrjabinolecithum pyriforme n. sp. (Digenea: Haploporidae) in mullet fish from the Primorsky Region, Russia
Authors: Besprozvannykh V.V. , Atopkin D.M. , Ermolenko A.V. , Beloded A.Yu.
Published: September 2016

A new species of Skrjabinolecithum (Digenea: Waretrematinae), Skrjabinolecithum pyriforme n. sp., has been found in the intestines of Liza haematocheila and Mugil cephalus from the Primorsky Region, Russia. These worms differ from S. vitellosum and S. lobolecithum by the presence of two caeca, as do S. spasskii, S. indicum and S. bengalensis. These species differ morphologically from S. pyriforme n. sp. by a number of features, including body width, oral sucker, pharynx, eggs and ratio of length and width of the body. The most similar species to S. pyriforme n. sp. is Platydidymus flecterotestis (Zhukov, 1971) with some differences in maximal body length, testis and egg sizes. The results of molecular analysis confirmed that this new species belongs to Skrjabinolecithum on the basis of close relationships with S. spasskii-type species.
Does Internet-based guided-self-help for depression cause harm? An individual participant data meta-analysis on deterioration rates and its moderators in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ebert D. D. , Donkin L. , Andersson G. , Andrews G. , Berger T. , Carlbring P. , Rozenthal A. , Choi I. , Laferton J. A. C. , Johansson R. , Kleiboer A. , Lange A. , Lehr D. , Reins J. A. , Funk B. , Newby J. , Perini S. , Riper H. , Ruwaard J. , Sheeber L. , Snoek F. J. , Titov N. , Ünlü Ince B. , van Bastelaar K. , Vernmark K. , van Straten A. , Warmerdam L. , Salsman N. , Cuijpers P.
Published: September 2016

Background

Almost nothing is known about the potential negative effects of Internet-based psychological treatments for depression. This study aims at investigating deterioration and its moderators within randomized trials on Internet-based guided self-help for adult depression, using an individual patient data meta-analyses (IPDMA) approach.

Method

Studies were identified through systematic searches (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library). Deterioration in participants was defined as a significant symptom increase according to the reliable change index (i.e. 7.68 points in the CES-D; 7.63 points in the BDI). Two-step IPDMA procedures, with a random-effects model were used to pool data.

Results

A total of 18 studies (21 comparisons, 2079 participants) contributed data to the analysis. The risk for a reliable deterioration from baseline to post-treatment was significantly lower in the interventionv. control conditions (3.36v. 7.60; relative risk 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.29–0.75). Education moderated effects on deterioration, with patients with low education displaying a higher risk for deterioration than patients with higher education. Deterioration rates for patients with low education did not differ statistically significantly between intervention and control groups. The benefit–risk ratio for patients with low education indicated that 9.38 patients achieve a treatment response for each patient experiencing a symptom deterioration.

Conclusions

Internet-based guided self-help is associated with a mean reduced risk for a symptom deterioration compared to controls. Treatment and symptom progress of patients with low education should be closely monitored, as some patients might face an increased risk for symptom deterioration. Future studies should examine predictors of deterioration in patients with low education.
Mental illness and suicide after self-harm among young adults: long-term follow-up of self-harm patients, admitted to hospital care, in a national cohort
Authors: Beckman K. , Mittendorfer-Rutz E. , Lichtenstein P. , Larsson H. , Almqvist C. , Runeson B. , Dahlin M.
Published: September 2016

Background

Self-harm among young adults is a common and increasing phenomenon in many parts of the world. The long-term prognosis after self-harm at young age is inadequately known. We aimed to estimate the risk of mental illness and suicide in adult life after self-harm in young adulthood and to identify prognostic factors for adverse outcome.

Method

We conducted a national population-based matched case-cohort study. Patients aged 18-24 years (n = 13 731) hospitalized after self-harm between 1990 and 2003 and unexposed individuals of the same age (n = 137 310 ) were followed until December 2009. Outcomes were suicide, psychiatric hospitalization and psychotropic medication in short-term (1-5 years) and long-term (>5 years) follow-up.

Results

Self-harm implied an increased relative risk of suicide during follow-up [hazard ratio (HR) 16.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12.9–20.9). At long-term follow-up, 20.3% had psychiatric hospitalizations and 51.1% psychotropic medications, most commonly antidepressants and anxiolytics. There was a six-fold risk of psychiatric hospitalization (HR 6.3, 95% CI 5.8–6.8) and almost three-fold risk of psychotropic medication (HR 2.8, 95% CI 2.7–3.0) in long-term follow-up. Mental disorder at baseline, especially a psychotic disorder, and a family history of suicide were associated with adverse outcome among self-harm patients.

Conclusion

We found highly increased risks of future mental illness and suicide among young adults after self-harm. A history of a mental disorder was an important indicator of long-term adverse outcome. Clinicians should consider the substantially increased risk of suicide among self-harm patients with psychotic disorders.
MAECENAS AND THE STAGE
Authors: Wiseman T.P.
Published: September 2016

Prompted by Chrystina Häuber's seminal work on the eastern part of themons Oppius, this article offers a radical reappraisal of the evidence for the ‘gardens of Maecenas’. Some very long-standing beliefs about the location and nature of thehorti Maecenatianiare shown to be unfounded; on the other hand, close reading of an unjustly neglected text provides some new and unexpected evidence for what they were used for. The main focus of the argument is on the relevance of thehortito the development of Roman performance culture. It is intended to contribute to the understanding of Roman social history, and the method used is traditionally empirical: to collect and present whatever evidence is available, to define as precisely as possible what that evidence implies, and to formulate a hypothesis consistent with those implications.
THE PAPACY AND BYZANTIUM IN THE SEVENTH- AND EARLY EIGHTH-CENTURY SECTIONS OF THELIBER PONTIFICALIS
Authors: McKitterick Rosamond
Published: September 2016

TheLiber pontificalis, the serial biography of the popes running from Saint Peter to the end of the ninth century, first compiled in Rome during the ‘Gothic Wars’ in the sixth century and continued at various stages in the next three centuries, offers a distinctive narrative of the history of Rome and of the papacy in the early Middle Ages. This paper argues that the seventh- and early eighth-century sections, too often simply mined for nuggets of information about church buildings, represent the pope in a particular way both in relation to Byzantium in theological and political terms, and as the successor to Saint Peter in Rome. The papal narrative undermines the usual assumptions about the so-called ‘Byzantine Reconquest’ and the Roman perception, if not the reality, of the degree to which ‘Byzantine rule’ was exercised in Italy between the middle of the sixth and first half of the eighth century. Lastly, these ‘continuations’ have important implications for any interpretation of the purpose and construction of theLiber pontificalis, and of its dissemination beyond Rome in the seventh and eighth centuries.