bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discalculia: manifestaciones clínicas, evaluación y diagnóstico. Perspectivas actuales de intervención educativa.
Authors: Benedicto-López Patricia , Rodri­guez-Cuadrado Sara
Published: May 2019

Actualmente, son numerosas las dificultades y trastornos del aprendizaje en el ámbito escolar, con un incremento en el área de las matemáticas. Tales dificultades suelen aparecer asociadas a otros trastornos como la dislexia o el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Este artículo tiene como objetivo profundizar en la definición y detección de la discalculia, así como revisar las perspectivas actuales para su tratamiento desde la educación. Desde 1990 se explicita la problemática de las Dificultades de Aprendizaje en el aula con la publicación de la Ley de Ordenación General del Sistema Educativo español (LOGSE). Así mismo, desde la publicación del DSM-IV y el CIE-10, se han recogido los signos, síntomas y prevalencia de la discalculia. Sin embargo, su detección, identificación e intervención están por debajo de lo deseado. Aspectos como el conocimiento de las bases neurobiológicas subyacentes son fundamentales para el posterior abordaje psicopedagógico. Concluimos, en primer lugar, que existen muy pocos instrumentos específicos para la detección. En segundo lugar, destacamos la importancia de la detección de sus factores de riesgo. Finalmente, respecto a las perspectivas actuales de tratamiento se aboga por la detección temprana y el carácter interdisciplinar de las intervenciones.
Competencias personales y participativas vinculantes a la inserción laboral de los universitarios: Validación de una escala
Authors: Martínez-Clares Pilar , González-Lorente Cristina
Published: May 2019

Los grandes cambios acaecidos en el contexto socio-laboral demandan la puesta en acción de un conjunto de competencias que relacionen en la misma ecuación, formación, orientación y empleo. Ante esta creciente apuesta por la empleabilidad, la finalidad de este trabajo es describir la elaboración de una escala de competencias vinculantes al proceso de inserción de los universitarios y analizar la validez de constructo de dicha escala. Para ello, participan 931 estudiantes de último curso de Grado de la Universidad de Murcia y la Universidad de Granada. Para la recogida de información y análisis de los datos, se adopta un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo a través de un diseño de investigación no experimental, exploratorio y transversal tipo encuesta. Los principales resultados denotan la fiabilidad y validez de la escala de competencias planteada, así como su adecuación al modelo teórico propuesto que reivindica la relevancia y presencia activa de la competencia personal (individual) y participativa (social), como las competencias más influyentes para un óptimo proceso de inserción laboral en la actualidad. Las universidades deben gestionar la empleabilidad mediante un grupo de acciones dirigidas a fomentar este tipo de competencias y promover una cooperación real que permita no solo mejorar la relación universidad-mercado de trabajo, sino también acceder a más oportunidades de trabajo y delimitar los objetivos profesionales a largo plazo,
POČETAK ZAŠTITE PRAVA NA ŽIVOT PREMA UNIVERZALNIM IZVORIMA MEĐUNARODNOG PRAVA
Authors: DAKIĆ Dragan
Published: May 2019

Razlog za istraživanje naslovljene teme je što današnje vrijeme sa svojim dostignućima u oblasti biomedicine nudi neviđene mogućnosti povreda ljudskog života i manipulacija istim. Naučna dostignuća današnjice pružaju odgovore na neka od pitanja koja nisu postojala u vrijeme usvajanja univerzalnih međunarodnih ugovora o ljudskim pravima. Cilj ovog istraživanja nije da zagovara interpretaciju međunarodno-pravnih garancija kojima se štiti pravo na život, koja bi bila isključivo zasnovana na biološkim parametrima. Cilj je da se ukaže na važnost biološke komponente ljudskog bića u oblasti zaštite prava na život. Shodno tome i na potrebu njene široke zaštite.Glavni rezultati ovog istraživanja su zaključci da tokom formulisanja nacrta univerzalnih akata pregovaračke delegacije nisu pravile distinkciju između života kao biološke činjenice i prava na život kao socio-pravne konstrukcije; pi-tanje kada bi zaštita prava na život trebala početi ostalo je otvoreno dok nauka ne odgovori kada je ljudsko biće kao biološka individua počela da postoji; pošto je pravo na život urođeno, ono treba da bude priznato samo po osnovu egzistencije svim ljudskim bićima, bez obzira na njihov društveni ili pravni sta-tus.
Impacts of Action Research-oriented Upgrading Training on Initial and Early Reading Comprehension Performances of Students
Authors: Anshu Alemu Hailu
Published: May 2019

This article reports impacts of action research-oriented upgrading training given to teachers on early reading performances of Grades 2 & 3 students. Initially a baseline assessment was conducted to determine the initial reading performances of the students, and a survey was conducted to identify the training and experience teachers had in teaching initial and early reading skills. Based on the findings of the baseline assessment and the survey made, a training module was prepared focusing on the nature of teaching of initial and early reading skills, and initial up-grading training was given for nine days. Six months later, impact assessment of the initial training was conducted to see improvements in students’ reading performances, and school visits were made to see changes of initial and early reading teaching practices and to investigate further training gaps that teachers might have needed. The training module was revised based on the feedbacks received from the initial impact assessment and the observations made. Based on the noticed training gap, refreshment training was given for the same teachers for five days. Six months later, an overall impact assessment was conducted to see an overall reading skills improvement of the students because of the trainings the teachers received. The finding shows that students’ reading performances greatly improved because of the action research-oriented up-grading trainings. Percentages of Grade 2 students who failed to identify alphabets (62.6%) and who scored zero in early reading comprehension test (47%) reduced to 34.4% and 38.3% after the initial training, respectively, and dropped to 1.3% and 29.8% after the refresher training. Similarly, percentages of Grade 3 students (49.15%) who failed to read common words in the textbook dropped to 14.5% and 6.9% after the initial training and the refresher trainings, respectively.
Biochemical changes throughout early- and middle-stages of embryogenesis in lobsters (Homarus americanus) under different thermal regimes
Authors: Goldstein Jason S. , Watson III Winsor H.
Published: May 2019

Most marine crustacean eggs contain the full complement of nutritional resources required to fuel their growth and development. Given the propensity of many ovigerous (egg-bearing) American lobsters (Homarus americanus) to undergo seasonal inshore-to-offshore migrations, thereby potentially exposing their eggs to varying thermal regimes, the goal of this study was to determine the impact of water temperature on egg quality over their course of development. This was accomplished by documenting changes in total lipids, proteins, and size (volume) of eggs subjected to one of three thermal regimes: inshore, offshore, and constant (16 °C) conditions. Total egg lipids showed a marked decrease over time, while protein levels increased over the same period. Although there were no significant differences in total lipids, proteins, or egg sizes between eggs exposed to inshore and offshore temperatures, they differed from values for eggs exposed to a constant temperature, which also hatched almost three months sooner. This is most likely due to the fact that eggs held at a constant temperature did not experience a period of slow development during the colder months from November to March that are important for synchronizing egg hatch and may be compromised by elevated seawater temperatures.
Made in China?
Authors: Loukota Diego
Published: May 2019

This paper presents evidence to suggest that the highly aberrant Old Khotanese version of the popular Sūtra of the Master of Medicine Beryl-Shine (Bhaiṣajyaguru- vaiḍūryaprabhasūtra) may have been translated from a Chinese text, the twelfth fascicle of the so-called Consecration Sūtra, T1331 . As a possible explanation for the hybrid nature of the Khotanese text, which shares in features of the Consecration Sūtra and of the mainstream version, I suggest the possibility that the Sanskrit version may have originated in Khotan as a revision of the Khotanese text. Lastly I explore the greater consequences that these scenarios would have in our understanding of the pre-Islamic cultures of the Tarim Basin, underscoring the role of China as a significant cultural influence.
Buddhist Litigants in Public Court
Authors: Liu Cuilan
Published: May 2019

This article examines a legal dispute over the ownership of nine bondservants between a Buddhist monastery and two monks and a nun, focusing on the legal apparatus and practices in Dunhuang when it was under Tibetan control (786– 848). During the Tang, eminent monks of the Buddhist clergy petitioned for exemptions from public courts in order to restrict trials of ordained Buddhists at alternative venues. Such petitions were declined, granted, or revoked by different Tang emperors. This case study demonstrates that ordained Buddhists on this Sino-Tibetan frontier affiliated with the Buddhist clergy in Dunhuang did not enjoy this privilege. Instead of being shielded from public attention, two Buddhist monks and a nun successfully litigated against a Buddhist monastery in a public court.
Japanese Students Abroad and the Building of America’s First Japanese Library Collection, 1869–1878
Authors: Fleming William D.
Published: May 2019

In the fall of 1869, the first of eight students set off from the tiny Sadowara Domain in southeastern Kyushu to pursue study in America and Europe. Overshadowed by more famous peers from other domains, the Sadowara students have been all but forgotten, and their lives abroad remain an untold story. Yet they played an important role in the early development of Japanese studies in the United States. Enrolling at diverse institutions mostly in the Northeast, six of the students came to form a close relationship with Yale’s university librarian, a philologist named Addison Van Name (who served for many years as treasurer and librarian of the American Oriental Society). Inspired by his new friends to study the Japanese language, within a year Van Name was offering America’s first college course in Japanese, and he quickly began to produce scholarship on Japan and its language, literature, and history. By the mid-1870s, the Sadowara students had returned to their home country, where their subsequent careers constituted a microcosm of the paradox and transformation of the early Meiji period. Van Name maintained contact with his Japanese friends, and through this long-distance relationship succeeded in building America’s first significant Japanese library collection: a 3,000-volume collection of Edo and early Meiji titles that still survives today.
Tamil: A Biography. By David Shulman
Authors: Selby Martha Ann
Published: May 2019

Tamil: A Biography. By David Shulman. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 402.
Oaths and Curses: A Study in Neo- and Late Babylonian Legal Formulary. By Malgorzata Sandowicz
Authors: Wells Bruce
Published: May 2019

Oaths and Curses: A Study in Neo- and Late Babylonian Legal Formulary. By Malgorzata Sandowicz. Alter Orient und Altes Testament, vol. 398. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2012. Pp. xiii + 542. 41 plts. €92.
Art of Contact: Comparative Approaches to Greek and Phoenician Art. By S. Rebecca Martin
Authors: Morris Sarah
Published: May 2019

The Art of Contact: Comparative Approaches to Greek and Phoenician Art. By S. Rebecca Martin.

Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017. Pp. 282, illus. $59.95.
Arabian Drugs in Early Medieval Mediterranean Medicine. By Zohar Amar and Efraim Lev
Authors: King Anya
Published: May 2019

Arabian Drugs in Early Medieval Mediterranean Medicine. By Zohar Amar and Efraim Lev. Edinburgh Studies in Classical Islamic History and Culture. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017. Pp. xiv + 290, ills. $125, £80.
Scents and Flavors: A Syrian Cookbook. Edited and translated by Charles Perry
Authors: Tré``panier Nicolas
Published: May 2019

Scents and Flavors: A Syrian Cookbook. Edited and translated by Charles Perry. Library of Arabic Literature. New York: New York University Press, 2017. Pp. xliii + 320. $40.
India and the Heartlands: An Eighteenth-Century World of Circulation and Exchange. By Gagan D. S. Sood
Authors: Floor Willem
Published: May 2019

India and the Heartlands: An Eighteenth-Century World of Circulation and Exchange. By Gagan D. S. Sood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Pp. xvii + 338. $99.99, £64.99.
Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Varieties as Influenced by the Application of Cow Dung and Poultry Manure in Jega, Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad A. , Sanda H. Y. , Aliyu U. , Tijjani A. , Adamu M.
Published: May 2019

Field trials were conducted at the Fadama Teaching and Research farm Jega, Kebbi state University of Science and Technology Aliero, during the 2017 and 2018 dry seasons, to study the Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Varieties as Influenced by Cow Dung and Poultry Manure Application. The treatments consisted of two (2) manure levels (Cow dung 12 t ha-1 and Poultry manure 6.6 t ha-1); each were designed to supply 120 kg N ha-1 using cow dung and poultry manure and three (3) varieties of okra namely LD88, NHAE47-4 and Dogo variety which were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The results obtained revealed that yield parameters such as Number of pods per plant (13.08 and 14.11), Mean pod weight (17.59 g and 19.31 g), Mean pod length (6.13 cm and 6.83 cm), Fresh pod weight per plant (0.19 kg and 23 kg) and Pod yield (5.65 and 6.38 t ha-1) were significantly increased when the nitrogen dose of 120 kgN ha-1 was applied using PM 6.6 t ha-1 in conjunction with NHAE47-4 in both 2017 and 2018. Mean pod diameter (cm) was statistically similar with both the application of CD 12 t ha-1 and PM 6.6 t ha-1. Significant interaction effect was observed between variety and manure on Number of pod plant-1 (13.97 and 13.43), and Pod yield (6.21 and 7.29 t ha-1) in both 2017 and 2018 while Mean pod diameter (3.42 cm) in only 2017. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that in Jega, Kebbi state of Nigeria which falls within the Sudan Savannah agro-ecological zone, NHAE47-4 okra variety yields better than Dogo and LD88. Therefore, NHAE47-4 variety in conjunction with PM 6.6t ha-1 application could be selected for increased okra production in the study area.
Adoption of BRRI dhan49 by the Farmers of Bogura Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Atiqur , Islam Razeul , Falguni Maliha Rahman , Shahriar Saleh Ahmed , Rahman Md. Arifur , Rahman Md. Marufur
Published: May 2019

The research examined the status of adoption of BRRI dhan49 and explored the contribution of the selected characteristics of the cultivators to their adoption of BRRI dhan49. The methodology of this study is an integration of quantitative and qualitative methods based on data collection. Data were collected from 116 BRRI dhan49 cultivators from January 21 to February 20, 2017. Descriptive statistics and multiple regressions were used for analysis. Most of the farmers (78.4%) belong to medium adoption followed by high adoption (11.2%) by the rice cultivators. Among the influential variables, the level of education, annual family income, extension media contact, rice cultivation knowledge and attitude towards BRRI dhan49 were significant contributors and provided 53.8% contribution on adoption of BRRI dhan49. It was also found that 3.4%, 16.3%, 38.8%, 33.7% and 7.8% farmers were innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards, respectively. It can be concluded that the composite adoption of BRRI dhan49 production technologies is moderate and needs further advancement. Based on the findings, it is recommended that respective authorities should implement and popularize farm-based projects on a massive scale for the adoption of BRRI dhan49.
Photopolymerization, Cationic
Authors: Allonas X.
Published: May 2019

This paper reviews the main principles of cationic photopolymerization. Photoinitiators and monomers reactivity is discussed with special focus paid to iodonium salts as photoinitiators and epoxides, oxetanes, and vinylethers as monomers. The effect of water or alcohol on the structure of the polymer network and the reactivity is depicted. The so‐called kick‐starting effect of mixtures of epoxides, oxetane, and vinyl ether is described. Finally, the emerging process of photoinduced cationic frontal polymerization for the curing of thick samples is introduced.
Zika virus nonstructural protein 5 residue R681 is critical for dimer formation and enzymatic activity
Authors: Saw Wuan‐Geok , Chan Kitti Wing‐Ki , Vasudevan Subhash G. , Grüber Gerhard
Published: May 2019

Zika virus (ZIKV) relies on its nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) for capping and synthesis of the viral RNA. Recent small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) data of recombinant ZIKV NS5 protein showed that it is dimeric in solution. Here, we present insights into the critical residues responsible for its dimer formation. SAXS studies of the engineered ZIKV NS5 mutants revealed that R681A mutation on NS5 (NS5R681A) disrupts the dimer formation and affects its RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase activity as well as the subcellular localization of NS5R681A in mammalian cells. The critical residues involved in the dimer arrangement of ZIKV NS5 are discussed, and the data provide further insights into the diversity of flaviviral NS5 proteins in terms of their propensity for oligomerization.
Protective Dps–DNA co‐crystallization in stressed cells: an in vitro structural study by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and cryo‐electron tomography
Authors: Dadinova Liubov A. , Chesnokov Yurii M. , Kamyshinsky Roman A. , Orlov Ivan A. , Petoukhov Maxim V. , Mozhaev Andrey A. , Soshinskaya Ekaterina Yu. , Lazarev Vassili N. , Manuvera Valentin A. , Orekhov Anton S. , Vasiliev Alexander L. , Shtykova Eleonora V.
Published: May 2019

Under severe or prolonged stress, bacteria produce a nonspecific DNA‐binding protein (Dps), which effectively protects DNA against damaging agents both in vitro and in vivo by forming intracellular biocrystals. The phenomenon of protective crystallization of DNA in living cells has been intensively investigated during the last two decades; however, the results of studies are somewhat contradictory, and up to now, there has been no direct determination of a Dps–DNA crystal structure. Here, we report the in vitro analysis of the vital process of Dps–DNA co‐crystallization using two complementary structural methods: synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering in solution and cryo‐electron tomography. Importantly, for the first time, the DNA in the co‐crystals was visualized, and the lattice parameters of the crystalline Dps–DNA complex were determined.
Development of Neurogenic Placodes in Vertebrates
Authors: Buzzi Ailin L , Hintze Mark S , Streit Andrea
Published: May 2019

The cranial sensory nervous system comprises a diverse set of organs: the eye, ear and nose and the sensory ganglia that transmit touch, pain, temperature and gustatory information to the brain. Despite the structural and functional diversity of the adult organs, during development, they arise from a common pool of sensory progenitor cells. These progenitors are specified early during embryonic development in the nonneural ectoderm next to the future brain. Subsequently, they diversify to form sensory placodes, special patches of thickened epithelium adjacent to the developing neural tube. Each placode acquires its unique identity under the influence of signals from surrounding tissues and later generates specialised cell types that characterise each organ.

Key Concepts

Evolution of elaborate sensory systems in the head allowed vertebrate evolution.

Sensory placodes are transient structures that form in the head ectoderm outside of the central nervous system and contribute to the sense organs and cranial sensory ganglia.

All sensory placodes arise from a pool of multipotent progenitors that have initially the potential to give rise to all placode derivatives, but their potential becomes restricted as the embryo develops. Placode progenitors develop in close association with central nervous system precursors and neural crest cells in a territory termed the ‘neural plate border’.

Placode progenitors are induced gradually in the ectoderm surrounding the anterior neural plate by signals from the underlying mesoderm. These signals differ along the rostro‐caudal axis with FGFs, BMP and Wnt antagonists inducing posterior progenitors, while anterior progenitors also require Shh and neuropeptides.

Localised sources of different signals induce olfactory, trigeminal, otic and epibranchial placodes from sensory progenitor cells.

Signals induce the expression of transcription factors in broad ectodermal domains, and mutual repression between them sharpen boundaries between neural, neural crest and placodal and between precursors for different placodes.
Marsupial Chromosome Evolution
Authors: Deakin Janine E
Published: May 2019

Marsupial chromosomes were among the first mammalian chromosomes to be studied in the early twentieth century and have since been extensively characterised by multiple approaches. With relatively few and large chromosomes, marsupials have proven to be ideal subjects for studying how chromosomes have changed during marsupial evolution from a predicted ancestral marsupial karyotype consisting of just seven pairs of chromosomes. In this article, the current understanding of marsupial chromosome evolution is reviewed and the way two families of marsupials with different rates of chromosome evolution help to decipher the mechanisms involved in chromosome evolution is discussed. The family Dasyuridae is characterised by remarkable chromosome stability, whereas the family Macropodidae has experienced extensive chromosome shuffling. Comparisons of the differences in chromosome features between these two families may hold the key to understanding the role of chromosome rearrangements in speciation.

Key Concepts

Marsupials have large, relatively conserved karyotypes, making it possible to track the evolution of their chromosomes.

Chromosome numbers in marsupials range from 2n = 10 to 2n = 32.

Different marsupial karyotypes have evolved from a predicted ancestral marsupial with seven pairs of chromosomes (2n = 14).

All the members of the Dasyuridae family karyotyped to date have a 2n = 14 karyoytpe similar to that of the predicted ancestral marsupial.

Dasyurids have a unique telomere length dimorphism not found in any other species.

The family Macropodidae has a lot of karyotype diversity with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 10 to 2n = 24, evolving from a 2n = 22 ancestral macropod.

The Y chromosome of marsupials has been termed ‘minimal mammalian Y’.

X chromosomes in marsupials have experienced substantial rearrangement between species.
NMR
and Metabolomics
Authors: Chasapi Styliani A , Karagkouni Evdokia , Matzarapi Konstantina , Marousis Konstantinos D , Varvarigou Anastasia , Spyroulias Georgios A
Published: May 2019

Metabolomics is one of the most attractive whilst still developing field of omics sciences, studying metabolites and the alterations of their levels. As an approach, metabolomics has the potential to identify using high‐throughput analytical precision statistically significant alterations, covering a broad spectrum of metabolic processes. What metabolomics can offer are qualitative and quantitative information, incorporating the consideration of more variables in analytical procedures. Measuring of metabolites and metabolic profiling provide an instant ‘snapshot’ which permits the follow up of the dynamics of complex biological systems and their mechanisms under physiological or abnormal conditions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides an excellent technique for profiling the biological fluids and is especially adept at characterising complex solutions. Advances in biochemical data obtained from NMR spectra allow us to observe the metabolome in a very accurate manner and thus estimate the complex index of biochemical processes, determining the health status of an organism. To date, metabolomics profiling is a powerful approach for examining disease‐related metabolic changes and is highly effective in the identification of new biomarkers.

Key Concepts

NMR is a novel, noninvasive, fast, accurate and reproducible bioanalytical method for metabolites identification and quantification in biological samples.

Simple
1
H 1D NMR spectra are exploited for the definition of the physiological
healthy
status of organism's metabolism, based on a specific spectral pattern.

NMR experiments selection depends on the biological fluid of interest.

Metabolites identification and quantification and their role in a metabolomic experiment.

The advantages of metabolic profiling and its utility in a potential diagnostic model.

Monitoring of an individual's metabolic responses through the examination of its spectral fingerprint along specific time points.

Significant alterations in metabolites concentrations are meaningful to exact interactions of pathways, perturbations and metabolite–metabolite correlations.

Computational tools and global repositories in service of metabolomic data.

Multivariate analysis techniques and their implementation in the field of NMR metabolomics.

NMR metabolomics in clinical research, the intervention of the field and the impact in accessing unknown biological phenomena.
Improving the Stability of Metal Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots by Encapsulation
Authors: Lv Wenzhen , Li Ling , Xu Mingchuan , Hong Junxian , Tang Xingxing , Xu Ligang , Wu Yinghong , Zhu Rui , Chen Runfeng , Huang Wei
Published: May 2019

Metal halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), with excellent optical properties and spectacular characteristics of direct and tunable bandgaps, strong light‐absorption coefficients, high defect tolerance, and low nonradiative recombination rates, are highly attractive for modern optoelectronic devices. However, the stability issue of PQDs remains a critical challenge of this newly emerged material despite the recent rapid progress. Here, the encapsulation strategies to improve the stability of PQDs are comprehensively reviewed. A special emphasis is put on the effects of encapsulation, ranging from the improvement of chemical stability, to the inhibition of light‐induced decomposition, to the enhancement of thermal stability. Particular attention is devoted to summarizing the encapsulation approaches, including the sol–gel method, the template method, physical blending, and microencapsulation. The selection principles of encapsulation materials, including the rigid lattice or porous structure of inorganic compounds, the low penetration rate of oxygen or water, as well as the swelling–deswelling process of polymers, are addressed systematically. Special interest is put on the applications of the encapsulated PQDs with improved stability in white light‐emitting diodes, lasers, and biological applications. Finally, the main challenges in encapsulating PQDs and further investigation directions are discussed for future research to promote the development of stable metal halide perovskite materials.
Homozygous Type IX collagen variants (COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3) causing recessive Stickler syndrome—Expanding the phenotype
Authors: Nixon Thomas R. W. , Alexander Philip , Richards Allan , McNinch Annie , Bearcroft Philip W. P. , Cobben Jan , Snead Martin P.
Published: May 2019

Stickler syndrome (SS) is characterized by ophthalmic, articular, orofacial, and auditory manifestations. SS is usually autosomal dominantly inherited with variants in COL2A1 or COL11A1. Recessive forms are rare but have been described with homozygous variants in COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3 and compound heterozygous COL11A1 variants. This article expands phenotypic descriptions in recessive SS due to variants in genes encoding Type IX collagen. Clinical features were assessed in four families. Genomic DNA samples derived from venous blood were collected from family members. Six affected patients were identified from four pedigrees with variants in COL9A1 (one family, one patient), COL9A2 (two families, three patients), and COL9A3 (one family, two patients). Three variants were novel. All patients were highly myopic with congenital megalophthalmos and abnormal, hypoplastic vitreous gel, and all had sensorineural hearing loss. One patient had severe arthropathy. Congenital megalophthalmos and myopia are common to dominant and recessive forms of SS. Sensorineural hearing loss is more common and severe in recessive SS. We suggest that COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3 be added to genetic screening panels for patients with congenital hearing loss. Although recessive SS is rare, early diagnosis would have a high impact for children with potentially dual sensory impairment, as well as identifying risk to future children.
Anisotropic Superfluidity in a Weakly Interacting Condensate of Quasi‐2D Photons
Authors: Voronova Nina S. , Lozovik Yurii E.
Published: May 2019

The anisotropic superfluidity in a weakly interacting two‐dimensional Bose gas of photons in a dye‐filled optical microcavity is investigated, taking into account the dependence of the photon effective mass on the in‐plane coordinate. With the use of the generalized Gross–Pitaevskii equation and the Bogoliubov approach, it is shown that the modulation of the microcavity width leads to an effective periodic potential and the periodicity of the condensate wave function, and both the condensate energy and the spectrum of elementary excitations depend on the direction of motion. The anisotropic character of the dynamical and superfluid properties, such as helicity modulus, superfluid density, and sound velocity, as well as experimentally observable manifestations of their anisotropy are described.
Polyhalogen‐ und Polyinterhalogen‐Anionen von Fluor bis Iod
Authors: Sonnenberg Karsten , Mann Lisa , Redeker Frenio A. , Schmidt Benjamin , Riedel Sebastian
Published: May 2019

Dieser Aufsatz widmet sich dem wachsenden Gebiet der Polyhalogen‐Chemie und insbesondere den Polyhalogen‐Anionen (Polyhalogenide). Neben einem historischen Abriss werden aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Synthese von Polyfluoriden, ‐chloriden, ‐bromiden und ‐interhalogeniden erläutert. Die Strukturvielfalt der Polyhalogenide hat in den letzten zehn Jahren drastisch zugenommen, besonders für Polychloride und ‐bromide, die gewöhnlich mittels Einkristallröntgenbeugung, Raman‐Spektroskopie sowie quantenchemischer Rechnungen charakterisiert werden. Polyfluoride wurden sowohl mit modernsten quantenchemischen Methoden als auch mittels spektroskopischer Verfahren in Edelgas‐Matrixisolationsexperimenten bei 4 K untersucht. Die Bindungssituation in Polyhalogeniden wird diskutiert, und der letzte Abschnitt dieses Aufsatzes widmet sich der Anwendung von Polyhalogeniden in Halogenierungsreaktionen und der Elektrochemie sowie als reaktive ionische Flüssigkeiten und zeigt vielversprechende Perspektiven für die Zukunft des Gebiets der Polyhalogen‐Chemie auf.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Activation of Alkylidenecyclopropanes: Rearrangement to Form Polysubstituted Furans and Dienones
Authors: He Xin , Tang Yuhai , Wang Yongzhuang , Chen Jian‐Bo , Xu Silong , Dou Jianwei , Li Yang
Published: May 2019

We report a phosphine‐catalyzed ring opening of electron‐deficient alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) to generate allylic phosphonium zwitterions that resemble the well‐studied phosphine‐allene adducts but exhibit distinct properties. The potent reactivity of these intermediates has been demonstrated in three types of substrate‐controlled phosphine‐catalyzed rearrangements of alkylidenecyclopropylketones, which chemoselectively afford tri‐ and tetrasubstituted furans, and trisubstituted dienones in good yields.
A Giant Dy76 Cluster: A Fused Bi‐Nanopillar Structural Model for Lanthanide Clusters
Authors: Li Xiao‐Yu , Su Hai‐Feng , Li Quan‐Wen , Feng Rui , Bai Hui‐Yun , Chen Hua‐Yu , Xu Jian , Bu Xian‐He
Published: May 2019

Although great achievements have been made in the synthesis of giant lanthanide clusters, novel structural models are still scarce. Herein, we report a giant lanthanide cluster Dy76, constructed from [Dy3(μ3‐OH)4] and [Dy5(μ4‐O)(μ3‐OH)8] building blocks. As the largest known Dy cluster, the structure of Dy76 can be seen as arising from the fusion of two Dy48 clusters; these clusters can be isolated under various synthetic conditions and were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This new, fused structural model of the pillar motif has not been found in Ln clusters. Furthermore, the successful conversion of Dy76 back into Dy48 in a retrosynthetic manner supports the proposed fusion formation mechanism of Dy76. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) analysis suggests that the metal cluster skeleton of Dy76 shows good stability in various solvents. This work not only reveals a new structural type of Ln clusters but also provides insight into the novel fusion assembly process.
A Fused Hexacyclic Ring System: Diastereoselective Polycyclization of 2,4‐Dienals through an Interrupted iso‐Nazarov Reaction
Authors: Marques Anne‐Sophie , Duhail Thibaut , Marrot Jérome , Chataigner Isabelle , Coeffard Vincent , Vincent Guillaume , Moreau Xavier
Published: May 2019

We report an unprecedented domino polycyclization from readily available 2,4‐dienals and cyclic α,β‐unsaturated imines that is initiated by an iso‐Nazarov reaction. This Brønsted acid promoted reaction enables the concomitant formation of four bonds, three cycles, and four contiguous stereogenic centers to yield elaborated structures in a single operation. A range of fused hexacyclic molecules is obtained in a highly diastereoselective manner.
Use of rhamnolipid in micellar‐enhanced ultrafiltration for simultaneous removal of Cd+2 and crystal violet from aqueous solution
Authors: Verma Satya Pal , Sarkar Biswajit
Published: May 2019

The application of rhamnolipid (RHL) in micellar‐enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) was investigated to remove both cadmium ion (Cd+2) and crystal violet (CV) simultaneously from aqueous solution. The effects of the membrane pore size, feed conditions, and operating conditions on solute removal efficiency and permeate flux were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to obtain the optimal feed conditions. Eigenvalue analysis was performed to evaluate the nature of optimal condition. Critical micelle concentration and aggregate size of RHL in the presence of Cd+2 and CV were determined. Ultrafiltration data were used to estimate the partition coefficient, distribution coefficient and relative affinity of the pollutants, and loading capacity of RHL vesicles. Compared with chemical surfactants, the use of RHL in MEUF process with larger membrane pore size performed better in terms of process throughput. About (84 ± 1)% of initial RHL was recovered from retentate stream using acid precipitation technique, at the optimal recovery condition obtained through RSM. The experimental results obtained using optimal feed condition and RHL recovery condition matched well with the predicted results. Reclaimed RHL was successfully used two times in MEUF with rejection efficiency of 96.7% for Cd+2 and 97.8% for CV, thus, significantly lower the cost of the MEUF process.
Lubrication behaviors of PVA‐casted LSPEEK hydrogels in artificial cartilage repair
Authors: Zhou Huangjie , Xiong Dangsheng , Tong Wei , Shi Zhibing , Xiong Xiaoya
Published: May 2019

Poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (PEEK) is a known bio‐implant material due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, the challenging issue of high friction coefficient limits the PEEK applications. In this article, double‐layered hydrogel material was obtained by laser processing, surface sulfonation, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) casting. Characterizations of FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, and 3D‐morphology demonstrate that PVA‐LSPEEK hydrogel was achieved successfully. PVA‐LSPEEK exhibits an extremely smooth surface with a roughness of 0.079 μm. And this hydrogel presents an excellent mechanical adhesion to PEEK substrate, forming a soft‐hard structure. Tribological properties of PVA‐LSPEEK are improved drastically when compared to the PEEK substrate. This innovative hydrogel material provides a potential application in articular cartilage defect repair. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47944.
Ultrastructural Characterization of Stem Cell‐Derived Replacement Vestibular Hair Cells Within Ototoxin‐Damaged Rat Utricle Explants
Authors: Werner Mimmi , Van De Water Thomas R. , Stenlund Hans , Berggren Diana
Published: May 2019

The auditory apparatus of the inner ear does not show turnover of sensory hair cells (HCs) in adult mammals; in contrast, there are many observations supporting low‐level turnover of vestibular HCs within the balance organs of mammalian inner ears. This low‐level renewal of vestibular HCs exists during normal conditions and it is further enhanced after trauma‐induced loss of these HCs. The main process for renewal of HCs within mammalian vestibular epithelia is a conversion/transdifferentiation of existing supporting cells (SCs) into replacement HCs.In earlier studies using long‐term organ cultures of postnatal rat macula utriculi, HC loss induced by gentamicin resulted in an initial substantial decline in HC density followed by a significant increase in the proportion of HCs to SCs indicating the production of replacement HCs. In the present study, using the same model of ototoxic damage to study renewal of vestibular HCs, we focus on the ultrastructural characteristics of SCs undergoing transdifferentiation into new HCs. Our objective was to search for morphological signs of SC plasticity during this process. In the utricular epithelia, we observed immature HCs, which appear to be SCs transdifferentiating into HCs. These bridge SCs have unique morphological features characterized by formation of foot processes, basal accumulation of mitochondria, and an increased amount of connections with nearby SCs. No gap junctions were observed on these transitional cells. The tight junction seals were morphologically intact in both control and gentamicin‐exposed explants. Anat Rec, 303:506–515, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Solvent Dependent Spin‐Crossover and Photomagnetic Properties in an Imidazolylimine FeII Complex
Authors: Archer Rosanna J. , Scott Hayley S. , Polson Matthew I.J. , Mathonière Corine , Rouzières Mathieu , Clérac Rodolphe , Kruger Paul E.
Published: May 2019

The synthesis and physico‐chemical characterization of an FeII complex [Fe(L1)3](ClO4)2⋅CH3CN⋅0.5H2O, 1, incorporating a bidentate imidazolylimine‐based ligand are reported. Complex 1 crystallises as the mer‐isomer and the crystal lattice is replete with hydrogen bonding interactions between ClO4− anions, solvent molecules and imidazole N‐H groups. Variable‐temperature structural, magnetic, photomagnetic and optical reflectivity techniques have been deployed to fully characterise the spin‐crossover (SCO) behaviour in 1 along with its desolvated phase, 1⋅desolv. Variable‐temperature (1.8–300 K) magnetic‐susceptibility measurements reveal a broad two‐step full SCO for 1 (T1/2=158 and 184 K) and photomagnetic experiments at 10 K under white‐light irradiation revealed complete photo‐induced SCO. 1⋅desolv displays considerably different magnetic behaviour with sharp single‐step SCO accompanied by a thermal hysteresis (T1/2↑=105 K, T1/2↓=95 K) in addition to full photo‐induced SCO at lower temperatures.
KMT2A histone methyltransferase contributes to colorectal cancer development by promoting cathepsin Z transcriptional activation
Authors: Fang Yang , Zhang Dan , Hu Tingting , Zhao Hongyan , Zhao Xuan , Lou Zhefeng , He Yongshan , Qin Wenzheng , Xia Jianfu , Zhang Xiaohua , Ye Le‐chi
Published: May 2019

Accumulating evidence supports the notion that epigenetic modifiers are abnormal in carcinogenesis and have a fundamental role in cancer progression. Among these aberrant epigenetic modifiers, the function of histone methyltransferase KMT2A in somatic tumors is not well known. By analyzing KMT2A expression in patient tissues, we demonstrated that KMT2A was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues in comparison with adjacent normal tissues and its expression was positively correlated with cancer stages. In KMT2A‐knockdown HCT116 and DLD1 cells, cell invasion and migration were consequently suppressed. In addition, KMT2A depletion effectively suppressed cancer metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, cathepsin Z (CTSZ) was demonstrated to be an important downstream gene of KMT2A. Further studies showed that p65 could recruit KMT2A on the promoter region of the downstream gene CTSZ and knockdown of p65 could reduce the KMT2A on the promoter of CTSZ. Finally, our present study revealed that KMT2A epigenetically promotes cancer progression by targeting CTSZ, which has specific functions in cancer invasion and metastasis.
Efficient Chemoselective Reduction of N‐Oxides and Sulfoxides Using a Carbon‐Supported Molybdenum‐Dioxo Catalyst and Alcohol
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Liu Shengsi , Lohr Tracy L. , Marks Tobin J.
Published: May 2019

The chemoselective reduction of a wide range of N‐oxides and sulfoxides with alcohols is achieved using a carbon‐supported dioxo‐molybdenum (Mo@C) catalyst. Of the 10 alcohols screened, benzyl alcohol exhibits the highest reduction efficiency. A variety of N‐oxide and both aromatic and aliphatic sulfoxide substrates bearing halogens as well as additional reducible functionalities are efficiently and chemoselectively reduced with benzyl alcohol. Chemoselective N‐oxide reduction is effected even in the presence of potentially competing sulfoxide moieties. In addition, the Mo@C catalyst is air‐ and moisture‐stable, and is easily separated from the reaction mixture and then re‐subjected to reaction conditions over multiple cycles without significant reactivity or selectivity degradation. The high stability and recyclability of the catalyst, paired with its low toxicity and use of earth‐abundant elements makes it an environmentally friendly catalytic system.
Electrodeposition Conditions Effect Sb2Se3 Thin‐Film Properties
Authors: Costa Magno Barcelos , Lucas Francisco W. S. , Mascaro Lucia Helena
Published: May 2019

Sb2Se3 is presented as a promising light absorber material of low‐cost and good photoelectrocatalytic activity. Among the different synthetic methods for this semiconductor, electrodeposition has gained attention. In this context, a study of the electrodeposition parameters is an important aspect for obtaining films with optimized photocatalytic characteristics. Thus, in this work, we studied the effect of precursor concentration, the total charge of deposition, the type of supporting electrolyte, bath temperature, and the deposition potential on obtaining antimony selenide thin films electrochemically and on the morphological, structural, and optoelectronic properties of these films. One of the most interesting observations was the huge impact of these parameters on the morphology. The Se‐rich films showed a tendency to have a rod‐like morphology and relatively better stability to photocorrosion. The thickness of the film is another parameter that hugely affected the photocatalytic properties. From the evaluation of the photocurrent values presented by the films, the optimized electrodeposition parameters were found.
Hydrogenolysis of Dinuclear PCNR Ligated PdII μ‐Hydroxides and Their Mononuclear PdII Hydroxide Analogues
Authors: Bailey Wilson D. , Phearman Alexander S. , Luconi Lapo , Rossin Andrea , Yakhvarov Dmitry G. , D'Accolti Lucia , Flowers Sarah E. , Kaminsky Werner , Kemp Richard A. , Giambastiani Giuliano , Goldberg Karen I.
Published: May 2019

The hydrogenolysis of mono‐ and dinuclear PdII hydroxides was investigated both experimentally and computationally. It was found that the dinuclear μ‐hydroxide complexes {[(PCNR)Pd]2(μ‐OH)}(OTf) (PCNH=1‐[3‐[(di‐tert‐butylphosphino)methyl]phenyl]‐1H‐pyrazole; PCNMe=1‐[3‐[(di‐tert‐butylphosphino)methyl]phenyl]‐5‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazole) react with H2 to form the analogous dinuclear hydride species {[(PCNR)Pd]2(μ‐H)}(OTf). The dinuclear μ‐hydride complexes were fully characterized, and are rare examples of structurally characterized unsupported singly bridged μ‐H PdII dimers. The {[(PCNMe)Pd]2(μ‐OH)}(OTf) hydrogenolysis mechanism was investigated through experiments and computations. The hydrogenolysis of the mononuclear complex (PCNH)Pd‐OH resulted in a mixed ligand dinuclear species [(PCNH)Pd](μ‐H)[(PCC)Pd] (PCC=a dianionic version of PCNH bound through phosphorus P, aryl C, and pyrazole C atoms) generated from initial ligand “rollover” C−H activation. Further exposure to H2 yields the bisphosphine Pd0 complex Pd[(H)PCNH]2. When the ligand was protected at the pyrazole 5‐position in the (PCNMe)Pd−OH complex, no hydride formed under the same conditions; the reaction proceeded directly to the bisphosphine Pd0 complex Pd[(H)PCNMe]2. Reaction mechanisms for the hydrogenolysis of the monomeric and dimeric hydroxides are proposed.
A Structural and Functional Model for the Tris‐Histidine Motif in Cysteine Dioxygenase
Authors: Anandababu Karunanithi , Ramasubramanian Ramamoorthy , Wadepohl Hubert , Comba Peter , Johnee Britto Neethinathan , Jaccob Madhavan , Mayilmurugan Ramasamy
Published: May 2019

The iron(II) complexes [Fe(L)(MeCN)3](SO3CF3)2 (L are two derivatives of tris(2‐pyridyl)‐based ligands) have been synthesized as models for cysteine dioxygenase (CDO). The molecular structure of one of the complexes exhibits octahedral coordination geometry and the Fe−Npy bond lengths [1.953(4)–1.972(4) Å] are similar to those in the Cys‐bound FeII‐CDO; Fe−NHis: 1.893–2.199 Å. The iron(II) centers of the model complexes exhibit relatively high FeIII/II redox potentials (E1/2=0.988–1.380 V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium electrode, Fc/Fc+), within the range for O2 activation and typical for the corresponding nonheme iron enzymes. The reaction of in situ generated [Fe(L)(MeCN)(SPh)]+ with excess O2 in acetonitrile (MeCN) yields selectively the doubly oxygenated phenylsulfinic acid product. Isotopic labeling studies using 18O2 confirm the incorporation of both oxygen atoms of O2 into the product. Kinetic and preliminary DFT studies reveal the involvement of an FeIII peroxido intermediate with a rhombic S=
FeIII center (687–696 nm; g≈2.46–2.48, 2.13–2.15, 1.92–1.94), similar to the spectroscopic signature of the low‐spin Cys‐bound FeIIICDO (650 nm, g≈2.47, 2.29, 1.90). The proposed FeIII peroxido intermediates have been trapped, and the O−O stretching frequencies are in the expected range (approximately 920 and 820 cm−1 for the alkyl‐ and hydroperoxido species, respectively). The model complexes have a structure similar to that of the enzyme and structural aspects as well as the reactivity are discussed.