bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved imaging of magnetic vortex dynamics using holography with extended reference autocorrelation by linear differential operator
Authors: Bukin N. , McKeever C. , Burgos-Parra E. , Keatley P. S. , Hicken R. J. , Ogrin F. Y. , Beutier G. , Dupraz M. , Popescu H. , Jaouen N. , Yakhou-Harris F. , Cavill S. A. , van der Laan G.
Published: October 2016

The magnetisation dynamics of the vortex core and Landau pattern of magnetic thin-film elements has been studied using holography with extended reference autocorrelation by linear differential operator (HERALDO). Here we present the first time-resolved x-ray measurements using this technique and investigate the structure and dynamics of the domain walls after excitation with nanosecond pulsed magnetic fields. It is shown that the average magnetisation of the domain walls has a perpendicular component that can change dynamically depending on the parameters of the pulsed excitation. In particular, we demonstrate the formation of wave bullet-like excitations, which are generated in the domain walls and can propagate inside them during the cyclic motion of the vortex core. Based on numerical simulations we also show that, besides the core, there are four singularities formed at the corners of the pattern. The polarisation of these singularities has a direct relation to the vortex core, and can be switched dynamically by the wave bullets excited with a magnetic pulse of specific parameters. The subsequent dynamics of the Landau pattern is dependent on the particular configuration of the polarisations of the core and the singularities.
Raman spectroscopy in microsurgery: impact of operating microscope illumination sources on data quality and tissue classification
Authors: Desroches Joannie , Laurence Audrey , Jermyn Michael , Pinto Michael , Tremblay Marie-Andrée , Petrecca Kevin , Leblond Frédéric
Published: October 2016

A filter system to performin vivoRaman spectroscopy measurements under microscope lighting for seamless integration into the surgical workflow.
The effect of top-layer chemistry on the formation of supported lipid bilayers on polyelectrolyte multilayers: primary versus quaternary amines
Authors: Diamanti E. , Andreozzi P. , Anguiano R. , Yate L. , Gregurec D. , Politakos N. , Ziolo R. F. , Donath E. , Moya S. E.
Published: October 2016

The influence of the surface chemistry of PEMs on the formation of lipid bilayers is studied here for PEMs with different cationic amines as a top layer, and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as a polyanion.
TiO2 hierarchical sub-wavelength microspheres for high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Sheng Jiang , Hu Linhua , Mo Li'e , Ye Jichun , Dai Songyuan
Published: October 2016

Ultrathin monolayers based on TiO2 hierarchical sub-wavelength microspheres can scatter visible light efficiently in terms of the dye sensitized wavelength, load enough dye for light adsorption, and facilitate electrolyte diffusion. Dye sensitized solar cells exhibit a high efficiency of 11.43%, with a low fabrication cost of the device.
Activity and deactivation of Ru supported on La1.6Sr0.4NiO4 perovskite-like catalysts prepared by different methods for decomposition of N2O
Authors: Sui Chao , Niu Xiaoyu , Wang Zhuo , Yuan Fulong , Zhu Yujun
Published: October 2016

Ru/La1.6Sr0.4NiO4 prepared by the addition of ethylene glycol shows excellent activity for N2O decomposition, even in the presence of O2 and water.
Electrocatalytic behavior of freely-diffusing and immobilized synthetic flavins in aqueous media
Authors: Kormányos Attila , Hossain Mohammad S. , Foss Frank W. , Janáky Csaba , Rajeshwar Krishnan
Published: October 2016

The electrocatalytic activity of three synthetic flavins toward the oxygen reduction reaction was compared to establish structure–property relationships.
The influence of the MOF shell thickness on the catalytic performance of composites made of inorganic (hollow) nanoparticles encapsulated into MOFs
Authors: Yazdi A. , Mercoçi F. , Bastús N. G. , Imaz I. , Puntes V. , Maspoch D.
Published: October 2016

A series of ZIF-8 composites containing hollow Pt or Pd nanoparticles show that the size and the MOF shell thickness play a key role in the catalytic performance of this class of composites.
Human health trade-offs in the disinfection of wastewater for landscape irrigation: microplasma ozonation vs. chlorination
Authors: Dong Shengkun , Li Jun , Kim Min-Hwan , Park Sung-Jin , Eden J. Gary , Guest Jeremy S. , Nguyen Thanh H.
Published: October 2016

Microplasma ozonation provided more human health protection than chlorination for irrigational water reuse disinfection.
Synthesis and post-polymerisation modification of an epoxy-functional polycarbonate
Authors: Kuroishi Paula K. , Bennison Michael J. , Dove Andrew P.
Published: October 2016

The synthesis and post-polymerisation functionalisation of an epoxide-functional polycarbonate via the selective carbonate ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of trimethylenepropane oxirane ether carbonate (TMOC) monomer was investigated using a range of organocatalysts.
Poly(ester amide)s: recent insights into synthesis, stability and biomedical applications
Authors: Winnacker Malte , Rieger Bernhard
Published: October 2016

Recent progress in polyesteramides, which are important polymers that can combine the properties of polyesters and polyamides, is described with a focus on synthesis and their application as biomaterials.
Recent progress in ferrocene- and azobenzene-based photoelectric responsive materials
Authors: Xia Xia , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , ul-Abdin Zain
Published: October 2016

Ferrocene- and azobenzene-based derivatives are commonly used photoelectric responsive materials and possess wide range of applications.
NiO/ZnO p–n heterostructures and their gas sensing properties for reduced operating temperature
Authors: Tian Hailin , Fan Huiqing , Dong Guangzhi , Ma Longtao , Ma Jiangwei
Published: October 2016

The operating temperature of ZnO-based gas sensors has been decreased, which is attributed to the formation of NiO/ZnO p–n heterostructures.
Efficiency of energy transfer decreases with the number of graphene layers
Authors: Kaminska Izabela , Wiwatowski Kamil , Mackowski Sebastian
Published: October 2016

Spectrally- and time-resolved fluorescence imaging demonstrates strong decrease of the energy transfer efficiency with the number of graphene layers.
Influence of the mediating behaviour of Sn according to its particle size on a Ni/yttria-stabilised zirconia porous anode structure in a direct carbon fuel cell
Authors: Jang Hansaem , Eom Jiyoung , Ju HyungKuk , Lee Jaeyoung
Published: October 2016

Comparison of the Sn mediating behaviour according to the particle size and consequent changes in permeation: microparticles tend to accumulate, whereas nanoparticles favour permeation and oxidation due to their smaller dimensions.
Preparation of three-dimensional ordered macroporous C60 and its application in electrochemical sensors
Authors: Yu Bing , Cong Hailin , Zhai Feng , Wang Yuezhong , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: October 2016

Three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) materials of C60 were prepared on gold surfaces by using colloidal crystals as templates.
UV-curable coating crosslinked by a novel hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate with excellent mechanical properties and hardness
Authors: Zhang Qingyan , Huang Chi , Wang Hongxia , Hu Mingjie , Li Houbin , Liu Xinghai
Published: October 2016

A novel hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate was synthesized. It was used as crosslinker to prepare a series of high-performance UV-curable coatings.
Facile formation of silver nanoparticles as plasmonic photocatalysts for hydrogen production
Authors: Jiao Jianli , Wan Jinquan , Ma Yongwen , Wang Yan
Published: October 2016

We show an efficient way to produce H2 using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as the plasmonic photocatalyst.
Up-conversion luminescence of Er2Mo4O15 under 980 and 1550 nm excitation
Authors: Jiang Tao , Xing Mingming , Tian Ying , Fu Yao , Yin Xiumei , Wang Hong , Feng Xin , Luo Xixian
Published: October 2016

The luminescence energy transfer or diffusions were limited by the long distances between Er3+ ions, which are based on a special structure.
Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots with robust fluorescence in a strongly alkaline solution and a reversible fluorescence ‘off–on’ switch between strongly acidic and alkaline solutions
Authors: Liu Yingbo , Zhou Liang , Li Yanan , Deng Ruiping , Zhang Hongjie
Published: October 2016

In this study, hydrophilic nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) have been hydrothermally prepared using citric acid and various concentrations of ammonium hydroxide.
Synthesis of chiral fluorescence silver nano-clusters and study on the aggregation-induced emission enhancement and chiral flip
Authors: Huang Cheng , Liu Yue , Wu Liping , Zhao Huawen
Published: October 2016

Using racemic GSH as ligand, AgNCs with aggregation-induced emission enhancement and chiral flip were synthesized with solid-phase synthesis method.
Characteristics and mechanism of styrene cationic polymerization in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid
Authors: Han Lu , Wu Yi-bo , Dan Yang , Wang Hao , Zhang Xiao-qian , Wei Xu-ling , Guo Wen-li , Li Shu-xin
Published: October 2016

There has recently been a wide range of trends in the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as reaction solvent for various polymerization processes.
Ethanol thermal reduction synthesis of hierarchical MoO2–C hollow spheres with high rate performance for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zeng Lingxing , Huang Xiaoxia , Chen Xi , Zheng Cheng , Liu Renpin , Chen Gan , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua , Wei Mingdeng
Published: October 2016

Hierarchical MoO2–C hollow spheres were initially synthesized, which exhibited large reversible capacity and excellent high rate performance for lithium-ion batteries.
Supramolecular activation of the photodynamic properties of porphyrinoid photosensitizers by calix[4]arene nanoassemblies
Authors: Di Bari Ivana , Fraix Aurore , Picciotto Roberta , Blanco Anna R. , Petralia Salvatore , Conoci Sabrina , Granata Giuseppe , Consoli Grazia M. L. , Sortino Salvatore
Published: October 2016

Micellar-like nanocontainers of an amphiphilic calix[4]arene switch on the capability of porphyrinoid photosensitizers to photogenerate singlet oxygen and kill bacteria.
Synthesis and application of PNP pincer ligands in rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of cycloolefins
Authors: Wu Qianhui , Zhou Fanding , Shu Xiao , Jian Lei , Xu Bin , Zheng Xueli , Yuan Maolin , Fu Haiyan , Li Ruixiang , Chen Hua
Published: October 2016

New phosphorus ligands were successfully developed for rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of cycloolefins and exerted high aldehyde selectivity for cycloolefins.
Whether the amino–imino tautomerism of 2-aminopurine is involved into its mutagenicity? Results of a thorough QM investigation
Authors: Brovarets' Ol'ha O. , Pérez-Sánchez Horacio
Published: October 2016

2AP* mutagenic tautomer is able to induce only one incorporation error – transversion – by pairing through the H-bonds into the G·2AP* mispair.
Nanoscale investigations on β-phase orientation, piezoelectric response, and polarization direction of electrospun PVDF nanofibers
Authors: Liu Xia , Xu Sixing , Kuang Xuanlin , Tan Daxin , Wang Xiaohong
Published: October 2016

The vector mapping of piezoelectricity was investigated on piezoelectric responses in different directions via advanced piezoresponse force microscopy.
Adsorption and decarbonylation of furfural over H-ZSM-5 zeolite: a DFT study
Authors: Charoenwiangnuea Patipan , Maihom Thana , Kongpracha Pipat , Sirijaraensre Jakkapan , Limtrakul Jumras
Published: October 2016

The biomass-derived furfural adsorption and decarbonylation to furan over H-ZSM-5 (see picture) have been unraveled by means of density functional calculations with the M06-2X functional.
Engineering plasmonic Ag/AgCl–polydopamine–carbon nitride composites for enhanced photocatalytic activity based on mussel chemistry
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Guoxiang , Sheng Wenbo , Dong Changchang , Dai Yu , Li Cuihua , Wang Rongjie , Shi Yulin , Guo Xuhong , Jia Xin
Published: October 2016

A green, energy-saving method was used to improve the properties of carbon nitride-based photocatalysts using dopamine chemistry.
Layered-spinel capped nanotube assembled 3D Li-rich hierarchitectures for high performance Li-ion battery cathodes
Authors: Yu Fu-Da , Que Lan-Fang , Wang Zhen-Bo , Zhang Yin , Xue Yuan , Liu Bao-Sheng , Gu Da-Ming
Published: October 2016

We report an effective approach to fabricate layered-spinel capped nanotube assembled 3D Li-rich hierarchitectures as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries. The resultant material exhibits a reduced first-cycle irreversible capacity loss, rapid Li-ion diffusion rate and excellent cycle stability.
Combining galvanic displacement and in situ polymerization in a new synthesis: micro-composite materials for Li-based batteries
Authors: Sánchez-Fontecoba P. , López del Amo J. M. , Fernández N. , Pérez-Villar S. , Rojo T. , López C. M.
Published: October 2016

A novel one-pot synthesis combines galvanic displacement reactions within situpolymerization to obtain organic–inorganic micro-composite materials.
Enhanced cycle performance of ultraflexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on a hierarchical MnO2@NiMoO4 core–shell nanostructure and porous carbon
Authors: Wang Xiuhua , Xia Houyong , Gao Jie , Shi Bo , Fang Yao , Shao Mingwang
Published: October 2016

The asymmetric supercapacitors based on core–shell hierarchical MnO2@NiMoO4 nanostructure and porous carbon exhibited super-long cycling life with 132.7% retention rate after 20 000 cycles.
Interface-induced face-on orientation of the active layer by self-assembled diblock conjugated polyelectrolytes for efficient organic photovoltaic cells
Authors: Zhou Dan , Cheng Xiaofang , Xu Haitao , Yang Hanjun , Liu Huimin , Wu Feiyan , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang
Published: October 2016

The self-assembled diblock CPEs PFEO-b-PTNBr and PFEO-b-PTImBr can partially induce a favorable face-on orientation of the active layer.
Toward high efficiency organic photovoltaic devices with enhanced thermal stability utilizing P3HT-b-P3PHT block copolymer additives
Authors: Zhu Mingjing , Kim Heejun , Jang Yu Jin , Park Sungmin , Ryu Du Yeol , Kim Kyungkon , Tang Ping , Qiu Feng , Kim Dong Ha , Peng Juan
Published: October 2016

A series of P3HT-b-P3PHT diblock copolymers were designed and used as additives to improve the performance of P3HT:PC61BM-based photovoltaic devices.
Highlighting the role of nitrogen doping in enhancing CO2 uptake onto carbon surfaces: a combined experimental and computational analysis
Authors: Sun Fei , Liu Xin , Gao Jihui , Pi Xinxin , Wang Lijie , Qu Zhibin , Qin Yukun
Published: October 2016

Enhanced interactions between CO2 and N-doped carbon surfaces are elucidated by a combined experimental and computational analysis.
Vanadium pentoxide/carbide-derived carbon core–shell hybrid particles for high performance electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Zeiger Marco , Ariyanto Teguh , Krüner Benjamin , Peter Nicolas J. , Fleischmann Simon , Etzold Bastian J. M. , Presser Volker
Published: October 2016

V2O5/carbide-derived carbon core–shell hybrid electrodes can be synthesized using vanadium carbide as the precursor. The resulting hybrid material shows high energy and power ratings for electrochemical energy storage.
Increased luminescence efficiency by synergistic exploitation of lipo/hydrophilic co-solvency and supramolecular design
Authors: Tregnago Giulia , Serri Michele , Brovelli Sergio , McDonnell Shane O. , Korniychuk Platon , Wang Linjun , Wykes Michael , Beljonne David , Tracz Adam , Anderson Harry L. , Cacialli Franco
Published: October 2016

Addition of 1-propanol in water significantly reduces interchain species in poly(diphenylenevinylene) derivatives and its cyclodextrin-threaded rotaxane.
Cu(ii) complex with nitronyl nitroxide whose paramagnetism is suppressed by temperature decrease and/or pressure increase
Authors: Artiukhova N. A. , Romanenko G. V. , Bogomyakov A. S. , Barskaya I. Yu. , Veber S. L. , Fedin M. V. , Maryunina K. Yu. , Inoue K. , Ovcharenko V. I.
Published: October 2016

We report the first example of polymer-chain breathing crystals whose paramagnetic properties are suppressed by the lowering of temperature and/or increase of pressure.
Lithium salt additives and the influence of their counterion on the performances of light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Bandiello E. , Sessolo M. , Bolink H. J.
Published: October 2016

In this work we study the effect of the addition of lithium salts to light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), and in particular the effect of the lithium counterion.
Resistive switching characteristics of all-solution-based Ag/TiO2/Mo-doped In2O3devices for non-volatile memory applications
Authors: Vishwanath Sujaya Kumar , Kim Jihoon
Published: October 2016

The all-solution-based memory devices demonstrated excellent bipolar switching behavior with a high resistive switching ratio of 103, excellent endurance of more than 1000 cycles, stable retention time greater than 104s at elevated temperatures, and fast programming speed of 250 ns.
Aligned silver nanowires as transparent conductive electrodes for flexible optoelectronic devices
Authors: Wu Fan , Li Zidong , Ye Feng , Zhao Xiaoli , Zhang Tong , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: October 2016

A novel and facile strategy of restricting the nanowire orientation and thus improving the optical and electrical performance of the AgNW networks is proposed.
Two-dimensional charge transport in molecularly ordered polymer field-effect transistors
Authors: D'Innocenzo V. , Luzio A. , Abdalla H. , Fabiano S. , Loi M. A. , Natali D. , Petrozza A. , Kemerink M. , Caironi M.
Published: October 2016

Neat evidence of two-dimensional transport is observed in field-effect transistors based on nanometer-thick, Langmuir–Schäfer deposited mono- and multi-layers of an electron transporting polymer.
Magnetic transitions and isotropic versus anisotropic magnetic behaviour of [CH3NH3][M(HCOO)3] M = Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ metal–organic perovskites
Authors: Pato-Doldán B. , Gómez-Aguirre L. C. , Hansen A. P. , Mira J. , Castro-García S. , Sánchez-Andújar M. , Señarís-Rodríguez M. A. , Zapf V. S. , Singleton J.
Published: October 2016

We show unconventional magnetic features of the [CH3NH3][M(HCOO)3] perovskite-like family such as the isotropic/anisotropic response unmasked by high magnetic fields.
Modelling compound cytotoxicity using conformal prediction and PubChem HTS data
Authors: Svensson Fredrik , Norinder Ulf , Bender Andreas
Published: October 2016

The assessment of compound cytotoxicity is an important part of the drug discovery process.
Design of non‐restoring binary array divider in majority logic‐based QCA
Authors: Sasamal T.N. , Singh A.K. , Ghanekar U.
Published: October 2016

A novel quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) design for the non‐restoring binary array divider is presented, which is constructed using the proposed coplanar QCA Exclusive‐OR gate and full adder. The results show that proposed designs have better performances than the best existing structures in terms of common design metrics. The presented 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 dividers are able to achieve 65, 75, 45% and 41, 27, 41% reductions in cell count, latency, and area, respectively.
Hybrid relay selection‐based scheme for UWB BANs combining MB‐OFDM and decode‐and‐forward cooperative architectures
Authors: Amouri B. , Ghanem K. , Kaddeche M.
Published: October 2016

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) is now a well‐accepted technology that provides not only efﬁcient and remote health‐care services but also targets the integration of future multimedia applications, in which high data rate is compulsory. UWB communication is one of the key solutions that afford such rates, and its extended version, multiband OFDM (MB‐OFDM) has recently shown its efficiency with WBANs. However, increasing the data rates may come at the expense of the data reliability which is a critical issue in biomedical applications. Cooperative diversity has proven its ability in offering such robustness to channel errors while avoiding to use multiple antennas. Indeed, a single antenna terminal is sufficient to achieve diversity benefits by sharing its physical resources with cooperating single antenna relays. Aiming at providing a viable compromise between the data rate and accuracy in low‐profile UWB body networks, to incorporate a decode‐and‐forward‐based cooperative architecture in MB‐OFDM system by resorting to opportunistic relaying approach is proposed, which retains only the best on‐body relay to forward the information to the destination, thereby significantly reducing the complexity.
Hot spot detection and prevention using a simple method in photovoltaic panels
Authors: Ghanbari Teymoor
Published: October 2016

Hot spot in photovoltaic panels has destructive impact on the system, which results in early degradation and even permanent damage of panels. Using conventional bypass diode to prevent hot spotting is not a perfect remedy and more efficient techniques are necessary. In this study, a simple technique is proposed for detection of hot spotting. Also, an efficient method is utilised for protection of the panels against hot spotting. The detection method is based on equivalent DC impedance (EDCI) of the panel's strings, which has useful signatures for hot spot detection. The EDCI monitoring of the panel's strings is performed using a current sensor and several simple resistive voltage dividers. After the detection, hot spotted string is open circuited using a two‐state relay. The performance of the proposed method is confirmed using some experiments. The results confirm high capability of the proposed technique for hot spot detection and protection.
Effect of interphase magnetic coupling of shunt reactor on transmission‐line open‐phase overvoltages and neutral reactor optimisation
Authors: Eskandari Hamid , Jafarian Peyman
Published: October 2016

This study thoroughly studies overvoltages appearing on the isolated phase (s) of shunt reactor compensated transmission‐lines when remaining phases are left energised. The voltage that appears on the isolated phase would settle to a steady‐state component induced from the energised phases. This endures until all other phases are disconnected or the isolated phase is re‐energised. Reactors with different zero‐ and positive‐sequence reactances are less common but not rare. Taking this point into account, a general model is introduced for three‐phase reactors involving those with interphase magnetic coupling. Accordingly, a rigorous analytical formulation is developed to prevent open‐phase damaging overvoltages. As proposed, this is achieved by installing a suitable neutral reactor whose optimal value is obtained using the extracted closed‐form equations. It is shown that in the case of shunt reactors with interphase magnetic coupling, open‐phase overvoltages are more likely to arise even for small degrees of compensation. Based on the defined objectives, a range is determined for the neutral reactance in which no open‐phase overvoltage would appear. This provides a high flexibility in sizing the neutral reactor considering technical and economical limitations. The accuracy of the employed models and effectiveness of the optimised neutral reactance are further illustrated through extensive simulation studies using the electromagnetic transient program EMTP‐RV.
Condensation-inhibited convection in hydrogen-rich atmospheres
Authors: Leconte Jérémy , Selsis Franck , Hersant Franck , Guillot Tristan
Published: October 2016

In an atmosphere, a cloud condensation region is characterized by a strong vertical gradient in the abundance of the related condensing species. On Earth, the ensuing gradient of mean molecular weight has relatively few dynamical consequences because N2is heavier than water vapor, so that only the release of latent heat significantly impacts convection. On the contrary, in a hydrogen dominated atmosphere (e.g., giant planets), all condensing species are significantly heavier than the background gas. This can stabilize the atmosphere against convection near a cloud deck if the enrichment in the given species exceeds a critical threshold. This raises two questions. What is transporting energy in such a stabilized layer, and how affected can the thermal profile of giant planets be? To answer these questions, we first carry out a linear analysis of the convective and double-diffusive instabilities in a condensable medium showing that an efficient condensation can suppress double-diffusive convection. This suggests that a stable radiative layer can form near a cloud condensation level, leading to an increase in the temperature of the deep adiabat. Then, we investigate the impact of the condensation of the most abundant species (water) with a steady-state atmosphere model. Compared to standard models, the temperature increase can reach several hundred degrees at the quenching depth of key chemical tracers. Overall, this effect could have many implications for our understanding of the dynamical and chemical state of the atmosphere of giant planets, for their future observations (withJunofor example), and for their internal evolution.
Dense gas in low-metallicity galaxies
Authors: Braine J. , Shimajiri Y. , André P. , Bontemps S. , Gao Yu , Chen Hao , Kramer C.
Published: October 2016

Stars form out of the densest parts of molecular clouds. Far-IR emission can be used to estimate the star formation rate (SFR) and high dipole moment molecules, typically HCN, trace the dense gas. A strong correlation exists between HCN and far-IR emission, with the ratio being nearly constant, over a large range of physical scales. A few recent observations have found HCN to be weak with respect to the far-IR and CO in subsolar metallicity (low-Z) objects. We present observations of the Local Group galaxies M 33, IC 10, and NGC 6822 with the IRAM 30 m and NRO 45 m telescopes, greatly improving the sample of low-Z galaxies observed. HCN, HCO+, CS, C2H, and HNC have been detected. Compared to solar metallicity galaxies, the nitrogen-bearing species are weak (HCN, HNC) or not detected (CN, HNCO, N2H+) relative to far-IR or CO emission. HCO+ and C2H emission is normal with respect to CO and far-IR. While 13CO is the usual factor 10 weaker than 12CO, C18O emission was not detected down to very low levels. Including earlier data, we find that the HCN/HCO+ ratio varies with metallicity (O/H) and attribute this to the sharply decreasing nitrogen abundance. The dense gas fraction, traced by the HCN/CO and HCO+/CO ratios, follows the SFR but in the low-Z objects the HCO+ is much easier to measure. Combined with larger and smaller scale measurements, the HCO+ line appears to be an excellent tracer of dense gas and varies linearly with the SFR for both low and high metallicities.
Network robustness and residual closeness
Authors: Aytaç Aysun , Berberler Zeynep Nihan Odabaş
Published: October 2016

A central issue in the analysis of complex networks is the assessment of their robustness and vulnerability. A variety of measures have been proposed in the literature to quantify the robustness of networks and a number of graph-theoretic parameters have been used to derive formulas for calculating network reliability. In this paper, we study the vulnerability of interconnection networks to the failure of individual nodes, using a graph-theoretic concept of residual closeness as a measure of network robustness which provides a much fuller characterization of the network.
Les influences Françaises dans la structuration des institutions sportives au Gabon
Authors: Bekale Jules Simon Ndong
Published: October 2016

Les Etats africains francophone du Sud-Sahara ont hérité d'institutions pour la plupart calquées sur le modèle français. Les politiques en charge du sport et de l'éducation physique n'échappent pas cette logique au Gabon.

L'ambition de cet article est d'interroger les influences de la France à travers ses institutions sportives sur les politiques sportives en Afrique subsaharienne notamment au Gabon. L'objectif de cette étude n'est pas de confronter le mouvement sportif français aux institutions sportives gabonaises, mais de voir comment la France, puissance coloniale, s'est introduite, implantée, diffusée et imposée du sport et de l'éducation physique au Gabon à travers l'école, l'église, et les milieux associatifs sans qu'il ne se développe chez les autorités gabonaises une stratégie de réappropriation et d'autonomisation.
L'innovation sociale : un outil pour l'articulation entre les pratiquants sportifs auto-organisés et les espaces urbains dans la ville de Yaoundé – Cameroun
Authors: Mbida Frank
Published: October 2016

L'innovation sociale est considérée comme une recomposition originale, créative et adaptative des ressources existantes disponibles dans ou à proximité des organisations (Coignet, 2013). Dans le champ sportif sous le prisme des politiques sportives locales, elle se donne à voir à travers les politiques de développement des pratiques sportives au sein des structures sportives traditionnelles (clubs, associations, etc.) suivant deux volets dont l'un concerne les interactions entre les membres de la structure et l'autre, la création d'un espace d'échanges où vont émerger des coopérations à travers le partage des sentiments tels que l'amitié, l'amour (Illich, 1973). Si cette transformation sociale s'opère dans les structures sportives institutionnelles dans les pays développés, c'est d'abord grâce à l'appui des pouvoirs publics qui structurent les pratiques sportives (Charrier, 2002 ; Vieille Marchiset, 2003 ; Charrier, Lapeyronie, 2014), cependant il en est autrement dans les pays en développement notamment au Cameroun où l'innovation sociale dans le secteur sportif est portée par les groupes sportifs auto-organisés (Loret, 1996). Dans ces groupes, s'expérimentent des formes nouvelles de mobilisation et de participation sociale donc de socialisation. Ces expérimentations se donnent à voir à travers les stratégies d'occupation des espaces sportifs.
Les formes d'organisation de clubs sportifs et leur évolution au Cameroun
Authors: Tado Oumarou
Published: October 2016

En Afrique, le football a souvent été présenté comme un acquis de la modernité occidentale surtout chez des dirigeants européanisés. Certains sont donc amenés à réduire les questions de croyances ancestrales traditionnelles à de simples différences culturelles qui font partie d'un héritage presque folklorique. Une telle distinction permet de disqualifier dans le football tous les archaïsmes tribaux considérés, soit comme des résurgences précoloniales, soit comme des reliquats obsolètes des sociétés paysannes africaines. Or notre étude, sans infirmer cette thèse montre que le soubassement traditionnel a pendant longtemps influencé la vie des clubs sportifs. A partir d'un certain nombre d'indicateurs nous avons pu discriminer les clubs et identifier trois types de modèles d'organisation de clubs selon qu'ils acceptent ou rejettent des valeurs sportives et des valeurs traditionnelles. Nous avons observé au cours de ces dernières années une apparente évolution des formes d'organisation des clubs du type communautaire vers des sociétés à objet sportif en gestation, avec comme phase de transition les modèles du type présidentiel.
La politique de financement public du sport au Cameroun. Quels enjeux pour quelle politique fiscale ?
Authors: Obam Richard Evina , Tocke Térence Adrien
Published: October 2016

La relance du sport camerounais, aussi bien le sport de haut niveau que le sport de masse, nécessite la combinaison de deux facteurs essentiel : la conception d'une politique cohérente de développement du sport et un apport massif de capitaux pour la mise en œuvre de celle-ci. Pour ce faire, l'Etat dont les sollicitations se sont accrues alors même que les ressources se raréfiaient, se doit d'opérer une mue de l'Etat providence vers l'Etat régulateur ou plus clairement l'Etat stratège. Il s'agit de se cantonner au rôle de facilitateur des interventions du secteur privé et des ménages, régulateur du développement des fédérations sportives et des clubs et orchestre de la mise en place d'un dispositif pérenne du financement des infrastructures sportives.

Pour ce faire, cinq paliers doivent être successivement franchis. Le premier serait constitué par l'adoption d'une loi sur l'organisation et la promotion des activités physiques et sportives au Cameroun ayant comme caractéristiques essentielles l'obligation de constitution des clubs en société anonyme à objet sportif (SAOS) avant toute affiliation à une Fédération et la création d'une Direction Nationale de Contrôle et de Gestion (DNCG) ; Le deuxième palier consisterait dans l'opérationnalisation de la loi de 2006 sur le partenariat public-privé qui permettrait aux entreprises privées d'intervenir dans le domaine de la construction des infrastructures sur le modèle Build-operate-transfer (BOT) ; Le troisième palier serait l'adoption d'un dispositif fiscal incitatif pour le mécénat, le sponsoring, le bénévolat, le marchandising et les droits télé ; Enfin, outre la dynamisation de la coopération internationale dans la perspective de diversification des financements viendrait parachever cette architecture de reconstruction du mouvement sportif camerounais.
Les footballeurs professionnels camerounais en France : carrières, trajectoires et reconversion (1954–2010)
Authors: Frenkiel Stanislas
Published: October 2016

A l'heure de mettre un terme à la carrière de footballeur professionnel, les anciens joueurs doivent trouver une nouvelle activité (professionnelle). Pour appréhender au mieux leur reconversion que l'on peut présenter comme une  « épreuve de la petitesse » (Guiot et Ohl, 2008), il faut bien avoir conscience que les résultats des rares enquêtes déjà existantes sont divergents (Lanfranchi et Wahl, 1995 ; Papin, 2007). Mais puisqu'elle est susceptible d'incarner l'aboutissement final et durable d'une hypothétique  « intégration par le sport », la reconversion des footballeurs professionnels africains doit être désormais questionnée. Et ce, d'autant plus qu'en tant que  « migrants sportifs » et donc immigrés, ils sont le plus souvent dominé deux fois : par les conditions d'existence qui leur sont réservées et par la catégorie qui voue leurs existences à l'arbitraire de l'ordre politique national (Sayad, 1999).

Ainsi, nous éclairerons et expliquerons les raisons de la difficulté pour les joueurs professionnels africains de se maintenir dans le champ socio-footballistique français à la fin de leurs carrières sportives. Nous dévoilerons alors les différentes trajectoires qu'ils ont empruntées (et parfois subies) et étudierons les déterminants socioculturels pouvant expliquer leurs repositionnements personnels et sociaux. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons de manière qualitative la soixantaine d'entretiens approfondis type  « récits de vie » menés en France, Algérie et Cameroun de 2006 à 2011 avec d'anciens champions africains, ayant tous évolué dans l'élite française (première et seconde division). En nous appuyant sur leurs témoignages inédits, nous aurons l'occasion d'un côté, de présenter des itinéraires emblématiques de certaines décennies et de l'autre, d'esquisser une approche comparative entre les reconversions des sportifs originaires du Maghreb et d'Afrique Noire. Enfin, quelques pistes de réflexion seront présentées pour améliorer leur reconversion et leurs conditions d'existence.
De l'éducation du corps à une éducation physique et sportive : controverses et enjeux
Authors: Biwole Claude Emmanuel Abolo
Published: October 2016

Le Cameroun précolonial dénote une réalité d'éducation du corps du fait de la richesse culturelle des pratiques corporelles ancestrales. Elle est affirmée dans le combat pour la survie, l'expression et l'affirmation sociales. Il s'agit par conséquent d'un outil de travail, un élément de socialisation et d'un objet de loisir, inscrit dans une logique utilitaire, ludique et communicative décliné en plusieurs pratiques transmises de génération en génération.

La colonisation du Cameroun par les français et les anglais a légué comme héritage lié au corps, l'enseignement de l'EP exercé de diverses manières. Plus formalisé à l'école chez les francophones et plus développés en clubs privés en zone anglophone. Tout un système qui a contribué à changer fondamentalement la perception de l'Africain, l'amputant de son essence pour donner au corps ancestral une identité d'emprunt. L'avènement de l'école va bouleverser l'ordre social mettant en conflit les valeurs ancestrales et occidentales. La règlementation s'impose, les méthodes s'affrontent, des textes sont alors adoptés pour discipliner la malléabilité du corps conformément aux usages métropolitains.

Des textes d'ELAME Jackson de 1967–1969, aux différentes Instructions Générales, autres Essais de programmes et notes officielles structurent progressivement la leçon d'EPS ; l'applique à tout le territoire national et à tous les niveaux d'enseignement au Cameroun tout en prenant en compte la compétition. Toutefois, on remarque la perspicacité du Camerounais à prôner la flexibilité face à l'Africain par rapport à ces règles et à son environnement culturel. Toute préoccupation qui semble s'affirmer progressivement pour les Etats africains.

Notre réflexion nous mènera aussi sur la sportivation des APS, L'élargissement de l'éventail des activités physiques, et la place réservée aux jeux et sports ancestraux.
Le Panthéon du sport camerounais : grandes figures et succès marquants
Authors: Mbolo Alicia
Published: October 2016

Le Cameroun est une grande nation sportive africaine grâce à ses résultats et performances lors des grandes compétitions. Il justifie d'un leadership affirmé car ses ressortissants occupent des hautes fonctions exécutives dans des organismes sportifs internationaux. L'émergence des talents sportifs imprègne des faits, l'histoire olympique et sportive camerounaise. Tout le mérite ou l'opprobre ne leur est guère attribué, une victoire sportive étant générée par une équipe. 50 ans après, ils restent des modèles d'où la nécessité d'un sanctuaire, d'un Musée Olympique. Notre réflexion portera sur le Panthéon du sport camerounais : les grandes figures et les résultats marquantsdans sa quintessence et son essence. Nous relèverons leurs actions remarquables dans l'évolution du sport au Cameroun, tout autant que l'examen des concepts, la désignation des grandes figures, le rappel de leurs palmarès, les résultats marquants, leur impact sur la société, les stratégies valorisantes du Panthéon du sport camerounais en constitueront le corpus.
Prévalence des troubles de la repolarisation à l'électrocardiogramme chez les sportifs d'élite camerounais
Authors: Mbouh Samuel
Published: October 2016

La pratique régulière d'exercice physique d'intensité modérée a un bénéfice certain sur l'organisme en général et sur le système cardiovasculaire en particulier. Dans certain cas, elle peut entrainer la survenue d'un accident cardiovasculaire et entre à l'origine d'une mort subite (Thompson et al. 2007). L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser les paramètres électrocardiographiques des sportifs d'élite camerounais.

Un échantillon de 87 sportifs internationaux, âge moyen 26± 4,5 ans a été étudié. Des paramètres électrocardiographiques ont été enregistrés. L'ECG de repos a été enregistré en position couchée avec un électrocardiographe portable et numérisé à 12 dérivations. 20,7 % de ces sujets ont présenté des troubles de repolarisation. Des syndromes de QT long ont été observés. Comparés aux sujets sédentaires, les sportifs ont présentés un allongement de l'intervalle PR (p<0,0001), avec 12 % des BVA1.

Ces différentes anomalies cardiaques peuvent engendrer les cas de mort subite dans la population des sportifs d'élite camerounais. Les bilans électrocardiographiques et échocardiographies sont importants pour toute pratique sportive.
An investigation on the motion and deformation of viscoelastic drops descending in another viscoelastic media
Authors: Davoodi M. , Norouzi M.
Published: October 2016

In the present study, an investigation of the motion and shape deformation of drops is carried out in creeping flow to highlight the effect of viscoelastic properties on the problem. A perturbation method is employed to derive an analytical solution for the general case that both interior and exterior fluids are viscoelastic, both fluids obeying the Giesekus model. An experiment is also performed for the limiting case of an immiscible drop of a 0.03% (w/w) polyacrylamide in an 80:20 glycerol/water solution falling through a viscous Newtonian silicon oil (410 cP polydimethylsiloxane oil) in order to check the accuracy of the analytical solution. It is shown that the addition of elastic properties to the interior fluid may cause a decrease in the terminal velocity of the droplet while an increase in the elastic properties of the exterior fluid results in the opposite behavior and increases the terminal velocity. The well-known spherical shape of creeping drops for Newtonian fluids is modified by elasticity into either prolate or oblate shapes. Using the analytical solution, it is shown that normal stresses play a key role on the final steady-state shape of the drops. To keep the drops spherical in viscoelastic phases, it is shown that the effect of normal stresses on the interior and exterior media can cancel out under certain conditions. The results presented here may be of interest to industries dealing with petroleum and medicine processing, paint and power-plant related fields where knowledge of the shape and terminal velocity of descending droplets is of great importance.
Conductivity size effect of polycrystalline metal nanowires
Authors: Xue Weihuang , Gu Wenhua
Published: October 2016

It is well known that the conductivity of metal nanowires decreases with the wire diameter. This size effect was first studied for metal thin films when the film thickness approaches the electron mean free path. Fuchs & Sondheimer (FS) pointed out that the external surface scattering of the electrons contributes to the conductivity decrease. Mayadas and Shatzkes (MS) pointed out that the grain boundary scattering plays a major role for polycrystalline thin films. As is clear that nanowires are 2-d constrained instead of 1-d for thin film, so the size effect would be more eminent. However, today the mostly used physical model for the conductivity of metal nanowires is still the MS theory. This paper proposes a more complete model suitable for circular cross-section polycrystalline metal nanowires, which takes into account of background scattering, external surface scattering, as well as grain boundary scattering. Comparison with experiment data showed that our model can well explain the conductivity size effect of polycrystalline metal nanowires.
Non-equilibrium quantum transport of spin-polarized electrons and back action on molecular magnet tunnel-junction
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yao Hui , Nie Yi-Hang , Liang J.-Q.
Published: October 2016

We investigate the non-equilibrium quantum transport through a single-molecule magnet embedded in a tunnel junction with ferromagnetic electrodes, which generate spin-polarized electrons. The lead magnetization direction is non-collinear with the uniaxial anisotropy easy-axis of molecule-magnet. Based on the Pauli rate-equation approach we demonstrate the magnetization reversion of molecule-magnet induced by the back action of spin-polarized current in the sequential tunnel regime. The asymptotic magnetization of molecular magnet and spin-polarization of transport current are obtained as functions of time by means of time-dependent solution of the rate equation. It is found that the antiparallel configuration of the ferromagnetic electrodes and molecular anisotropy easy-axis is an effective structure to reverse both the magnetization of molecule-magnet and spin-polarization of the transport current. Particularly the non-collinear angle dependence provides useful knowledge for the quantum manipulation of molecule-magnet and spin polarized electron-transport.
Chapter 9. Insubordination and the establishment of genealogical relationship across Eurasia
Authors: Robbeets Martine
Published: October 2016

In this chapter, I investigate how our understanding of insubordination can add to the establishment of genealogical relationship between languages. The particular case that I deal with here is the longstanding affiliation question of the Transeurasian languages. The term “Transeurasian” refers to a large group of geographically adjacent languages, traditionally known as “Altaic”, that include up to five different linguistic families: Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic. Comparing the diachronic developments taking place on two sets of deverbal noun suffixes across these languages, I ultimately derive these suffixes from a neutral deverbal noun suffix proto-Transeurasian *-rA and a resultative deverbal noun suffix proto-Transeurasian *-xA. The comparative evidence indicates that these markers originated as deverbal noun suffixes, marking a derivational process at the lexical level, were then extended to function as (ad)nominalizers in dependent clauses at the syntactic level, and were eventually – through a pragmatic role in discourse – extended still further to mark finite forms in independent clauses. I argue that the sharing of these historical developments on formally corresponding affixes supports the genealogical affinity of the Transeurasian languages.
Chapter 13. Insubordination in interaction
Authors: Floyd Simeon
Published: October 2016

In the Cha’palaa language of Ecuador the main-clause use of the otherwise non-finite morpheme -ba can be accounted for by a specific interactive practice: the ‘counter-assertion’ of statement or implicature of a previous conversational turn. Attention to the ways in which different constructions are deployed in such recurrent conversational contexts reveals a plausible account for how this type of dependent clause has come to be one of the options for finite clauses. After giving some background on Cha’palaa and placing ba clauses within a larger ecology of insubordination constructions in the language, this chapter uses examples from a video corpus of informal conversation to illustrate how interactive data provides answers that may otherwise be elusive for understanding how the different grammatical options for Cha’palaa finite verb constructions have been structured by insubordination.
Names of Chinese Skyscrapers
Authors: Chen Lindsey N. H.
Published: October 2016

This study examines 89 presentation names of skyscrapers in mainland China and shows how skyscraper names collectively relate to the region’s economic status. Here, I extend Edward Callary definition of presentation name to include also institutional buildings and consider the presentation names of skyscrapers as the English names by which the skyscrapers are known to the international public. More than simple references to supertall structures, these names help to assist with the mission of portraying an image of national growth and progress. The study also notes how the names of skyscrapers in a non-Western country pattern differently from those of US skyscrapers.
Why Should Hester Lynch Piozzi Be “Dr Johnson’s Mrs Thrale?”
Authors: Berglund Lisa
Published: October 2016

Our subject lived for 20 years as Hester Lynch Salusbury, and more than 40 years as the wife, then widow, of Gabriel Piozzi. Her bestselling literary works appeared under the name Hester Lynch Piozzi and yet she is recognized for her 20 years as Mrs Thrale: friend, confidante, amanuensis, and muse of Samuel Johnson. Upon her second marriage, “Piozzi” became a hostile signifier for a woman who defied her family and social opinion to choose a new husband and a new name; later biographers would recast her as “Dr Johnson’s Mrs Thrale,” the wife of one man, the possession of another. Meanwhile, modern critics have employed more than 20 different names, variously signaling emotional loyalty, theoretical affiliation, political correctness, or sensitivity to the academic marketplace. The naming of Hester Lynch Piozzi continues to complicate our understanding of one of the eighteenth century’s most distinguished and inscrutable figures.