bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultura de projeto
Authors: Efrem Rafael , Da Costa Braga Marcos
Published: January 2025

O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender o início do processo de construção da identidade dos Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia em Design Gráfico a partir da noção de cultura de projeto e, para isso, propõe-se comparar as duas primeiras grades curriculares do CSTDG do Cefet-PE, 2000 e 2002, com o Currículo Mínimo dos Bacharelados em Desenho Industrial/Programação Visual vigente à época, o de 1987. Assim, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória (Gil, 2002), com métodos de procedimento histórico e comparativo (Lakatos; Marconi, 1991). Trata-se também de uma pesquisa bibliográfica (Gil, 2002), documental (Cellard, 2008) e com fontes orais baseadas no método de História Oral (Alberti, 2013). Do ponto de vista da cultura de projeto, o currículo do CSTDG não dista do previsto pelo CM de 1987. O que se rompe com a nova modalidade de ensino é o caráter moralizante – mas não por completo – da cultura de projeto bastante sedimentada ao longo da segunda metade do século XX.
Determinants of Rural-Urban Disparities in Surgical Treatment Accessibility for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Qazi Farhan , Arif Muhammad , Chugthai Aneeqa , Bhatti Zahid Iqbal , Ahmed Nisar , Mustafa Hussain
Published: January 2025

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a common neuropathic condition that causes pain, numbness, and weakness in the affected hand. Objective: To investigate the determinants of surgical treatment accessibility for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Methods: For this purpose, a prospective cohort study study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. The research included 284 patients diagnosed with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome who were suggested for surgery. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, focusing on demographic factors, socioeconomic status, and healthcare system-related questions. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS version 26.0 to calculate means ± standard deviations for all the continuous variables, and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Results: Results show that most of the patients (57.75%) in the study belong to rural areas, and 42.25% of patients belong to urban areas. A multivariable logistic regression shows that living in a rural area was significantly linked with older age and body mass index. Conclusions: It was concluded that people living in rural areas of Pakistan are deprived of surgical treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Other associated factors that contribute to the poor accessibility of surgical treatment of the disease are older age and body mass index.
Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy of Interleukins and Procalcitonin in Patients with Severe Illness and Suspected Sepsis
Authors: Hayee Phulpoto Abdul , Kumar Mahesh , Aziz Asif , Memon Abdul Qayoom , Channa Munir Ahmed , Parvez Safdar Ali
Published: January 2025

The immune system's dysregulated response to infection, known as sepsis, is a severe potentially fatal illness that results in organ failure, tissue destruction, and systemic inflammation. Objectives: To explore the correlation between levels of interleukins and pro-calcitonin and the severity of sepsis and clinical outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Khairpur Medical College Civil Hospital Khairpur. The participants were n=200 including both male and female. The age range was 18-45 years. Procalcitonin levels were measured using enzyme-linked fluorescent assay and flow cytometry to elevate levels of different cytokines. Serum cytokine concentrations were compared between sepsis patients and healthy controls using the Mann-Whitney U-test for two-group comparisons. The diagnostic accuracy of cytokine levels at study entry was assessed through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve derived from logistic regression analysis. Results: A positive culture report of microbial infectious disease was found in 100/200 (50%) of the patients after microbiological investigation. The male-to-female ratio in the investigated demographic was 3:2. Interleukin-6 levels were significantly higher, p<0.001 in the infectious diseases group than non-infectious Diseases Group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic value of interleukin-6 was found to be excellent and significantly higher (0.95(0.75-0.97)). Conclusions: Cytokines including Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 are strong biomarkers for diagnosing microbial infections in suspected sepsis cases, with interleukin-6 showing the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0.912). Procalcitonin also demonstrated good discriminative power (AUC=0.895). While cytokines like Interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor, and Interleukin-17A showed moderate value, interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma were less useful.
Assessing Postpartum Depression and Anxiety during the Antenatal and Postpartum Period
Authors: Ratyal Sania , Saeed Shazia , Hameed Nasreen , Sabir Farzana , Akram Sara , Habib Maniba
Published: January 2025

Postpartum Depression (PPD) and anxiety were common mental disorders affecting women during the antenatal and postpartum periods. Early detection and intervention were vital for improving maternal and infant health outcomes. Objective: To assess the postpartum depression and anxiety during the antenatal and postpartum period using postnatal depression scale (EPDS) and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Methods: Total 94 patients over six months in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir were enrolled in this comparative cross sectional study. The pregnant women aged 18 to 45 during third trimester were included and excluding those with pre-existing psychiatric conditions or high-risk. The study utilized the HADS and EPDS while also recording demographic and clinical information, including age, education level, socioeconomic status, marital status, parity, gestational age at delivery, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 with appropriate statistical methods. Results: The majority of participants were over 25 years old (71.3%) and undergraduate education (62.8%), with 67.0% being multiparous. Gestational diabetes was present in 19.1%, and 16.0% had hypertension. HADS identified 15 mild, 35 moderate, and 44 severe cases, while EPDS reported 19 mild, 30 moderate, and 45 severe cases, with both scales showing the highest prevalence in the severe category. Conclusions: EPDS and HADS were two good screening tools for postpartum depression as well as anxiety. Using both together can certainly enhance the detection procedure, leading to timely intervention and a better prognosis of maternal as well as infant health.
Frequency and Clinical Correlates of Hypoalbuminemia in Colorectal Cancer Patients at A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Naz Tarnum , Naz Sameena , Bhatti Aisha Masroor , Memon Amir Iqbal , Memon Masharab , Muhammad Faiz
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer is often associated with hypoalbuminemia, a marker of poor nutritional status and systemic inflammation. Low albumin levels in colorectal cancer patients are linked to worse outcomes, including higher morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To assess the frequency of hypoalbuminemia and its association with clinical and biochemical variables among colorectal cancer patients at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad.  Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 14, 2022, to July 13, 2022, at the Department of Surgery, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. 124 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer aged between 20 to 60 years and of either gender were included in the study. Colorectal cancer was confirmed histopathologically. Patients with other gastrointestinal malignancies, chronic liver diseases, nephrotic syndrome, and those on corticosteroid or immune-suppressive therapy were excluded from the study. Results: The study identified the presence of hypoalbuminemia in n=73 (58.9%) of the patients. Among them, 38 (52.1%) were classified as obese (≥30.0), with a p-value of 0.001. The mean duration of the disease was found to be 49.2 ± 7.10 weeks, which also showed a significant correlation (p=0.01). Additionally, elevated C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates showed a strong association with hypoalbuminemia (p=0.001). Hypocalcaemia (34.2%) and hypomagnesemia (27.4%), were significantly associated with hypoalbuminemia. Conclusions: It was concluded that hypoalbuminemia is a prevalent and clinically significant condition among colorectal cancer patients. The high prevalence of hypoalbuminemia is strongly associated with obesity, longer disease duration, rural residency, elevated inflammatory markers, and electrolyte imbalances (hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesemia).
Relationship between Self-Directed Learning and Self-Regulated Learning in Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Nisa Waqar Un , Aman Khaliq , Murtaza Sana , Abdullah Zainab , Gul Naveed
Published: January 2025

Self-Directed Learning (SDL) was crucial for developing Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) skills, essential for success in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) settings. Objective: To explore the association between SDL and SRL, focusing on motivation, self-efficacy, and cognitive strategies. Methods: A longitudinal study design  was conducted with 250 medical students in the PBL curriculum at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences Islamabad. Stratified random sampling ensured representation across academic performance levels. A structured survey assessed SDL (goal-setting, time management, and self-assessment) and SRL (motivation, self-efficacy, cognitive strategies, and behavioural regulation) using a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit tests to explore distribution patterns, Bivariate Pearson correlation for relationships between SDL and SRL, and One-Way ANOVA to identify SRL differences across performance levels, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results: Significant engagement in SDL components, goal-setting and intrinsic motivation (p = 0.001), with moderate correlations between specific SDL skills and SRL outcomes. Time management showed a weak but significant correlation with cognitive strategies (p = 0.03), suggesting an impact on SRL behaviours. No significant differences were observed in SRL skills across academic performance levels (p > 0.05), indicating a uniform development of self-regulation skills regardless of prior achievement. High engagement in PBL discussions and peer collaboration further underlines these activities as central to fostering SDL and SRL. Conclusion: SDL in PBL shows a positive, however modest, impact on SRL outcome, management and self-assessment, which could further enhance SRL in medical education settings.
Mobilizing local government towards sustainable development: Challenges, initiatives, and support strategies
Authors: Kapsalis Takis Ap.
Published: January 2025

This article explores the innovative sustainable development plan designed for the Municipality Unit (MU) of Vytina, a rural community in Greece. The study focuses on the experience and lessons learned over four years through educational and planning activities led by the Sustainable Development Association. The article highlights challenges, particularly the lack of direct municipal and government support, and emphasizes the necessity of financial, educational, and regulatory mechanisms to improve the effectiveness of bottom-up planning. The methodology combined qualitative and quantitative approaches, including surveys, focus groups, and participatory planning sessions. Findings reveal the importance of empowering residents to shape their sustainability goals while addressing barriers such as limited resources, resistance to change, and institutional gaps. The study proposes measures to streamline planning and align local efforts with broader frameworks like the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This research contributes to sustainable development discourse by providing a replicable model for rural communities, balancing local realities with global objectives. It highlights the pivotal role of municipalities and governments in fostering effective and inclusive sustainability initiatives.
The role of student activities in promoting good citizenship between Palestinian university students "Palestine Technical University as a model"
Authors: Assaf Dr. Mohammed
Published: January 2025

This study intended to reveal the role of student activities in promoting good citizenship (belonging and values, life skills, social participation, rights and duties) among Palestinian university students "Palestine Technical University as a model, and followed the descriptive analytical approach using the questionnaire tool consisting of (29) items, the number of sample members was (220) male and female students were selected in a simple random way. The results showed that the role of student activities in promoting good citizenship was to a large degree and by a percentage of (82%), and the field of the role of student activities in promoting belonging and values ranked first, followed by the field of the impact of student activities on the development of life skills, followed by the field of the impact of student activities on social participation and followed by the field of the impact of student activities on rights and duties. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05 ≥a) in the role of student activities in promoting good citizenship among Palestinian university students, Palestine Technical University, as a model attributed to the variable of gender and specialization.
ENSAIO DE FLEXÃO DE TRÊS PONTOS NUMA PLACA DE VIDRO COM VARIAÇÕES DE CARGA E COMPRIMENTO DO VÃO ENTRE OS APOIOS
Authors: Neto Lourival Alves de Souza , Leite Yury Yashyn Fonseca Lopes , Santos Lucas Gabriel Andrade dos , Gama Lorena Greice Oliveira da , Pinho Ione Rocha , França Raquel de Sales , Silva Nelma Cristiane Siqueira da , Peralta João Lobo
Published: January 2025

O ensaio de flexão é um dos ensaios mecânicos aplicados com o objetivo de avaliar certas propriedades mecânicas de um material, sendo um ensaio dividido em dois tipos: de três pontas e quatro pontas. O objetivo desse trabalho é executar dois ensaios de flexão de três pontas numa placa de vidro, onde foi feito com comprimento definido e carga variada (ensaio 1) e outro com carga definida e comprimento variado (ensaio 2), para avaliar o momento fletor, tensão de flexão e módulo de elasticidade. Os resultados mostraram uma média nos módulos de elasticidade aproximada para ambos os ensaios, contundo, ambos apresentarm uma diferença de 0,35%, e ao análisar o desvio padrão e o coeficiente de variação, percebe-se que o segundo ensaio apresentou uma dispersão maior de dados ao apresentar um desvio padrão de ± 2,07 GPa e coeficiente de varição de 6,56%, diferente do primeiro ensaio, que apresentou um desvio padrão de ± 0,59 GPa e coeficiente de variação de 6,56%.
Jóvenes en tierra de nadie: hijos de inmigrantes en un barrio de la periferia de Madrid
Authors:   Universidad Complutense, Eseverri Mayer Cecilia
Published: January 2025

Jóvenes en tierra de nadie estudia la vulnerabilidad juvenil en las grandes ciudades, tomando como caso de estudio un barrio del sur de Madrid. En Francia, Inglaterra o Estados Unidos, las banlieues, las inner cities y el gueto negro llevan estudiándose desde hace décadas, pero en España este fenómeno aún no se ha abordado con la profundidad que merece. Cecilia Eseverri Mayer se acerca a una nueva juventud mestiza y bicultural que se desvía por momentos del camino trazado, pero que sigue conectada a la familia, la comunidad étnica y el tejido asociativo local. Este ejercicio de microsociología le ha permitido observar el cambio social en su estado más puro: el paso de una sociedad industrial, económicamente próspera, culturalmente homogénea y católica, a una sociedad de servicios, en plena crisis económica, culturalmente diversa y multirreligiosa. Jóvenes en tierra de nadie nos habla de las miserias del sistema urbano, educativo y laboral, pero también de la capacidad de acción de los individuos, de su empuje por favorecer la igualdad de oportunidades cuando aún hay tiempo de elegir un destino. Cuando se es joven.
Sociología e historia de la ciudad desconcentrada
Authors:   Universidade da Coruña, Otero Enríquez Raimundo
Published: January 2025

El estudio de las relaciones centrífugas entre la ciudad y sus espacios circundantes ha ocupado tradicionalmente un lugar muy destacado en los escenarios teóricos y empíricos de la sociología urbana y rural. Tales relaciones, o procesos de desconcentración urbana, están generando una ingente cantidad de preguntas difíciles de responder: ¿qué tipos de periferias existen en los tramados metropolitanos actuales?, ¿cómo han
evolucionado en los últimos años los suburbios de las megaciudades?, ¿qué elementos caracterizan a los hábitats exurbanos transcontinentales?, ¿hasta qué punto los fenómenos contraurbanos han alterado las
interacciones campo-ciudad durante las pasadas décadas?

Este libro trata de proponer, mediante un análisis histórico-comparativo que comienza en la Antigüedad, un marco teórico holístico que nos ayude a comprender las complejas variables estructurales y superestructurales que vertebran los procesos de desconcentración urbana. También pretende, a través de un estudio de caso centrado en el sistema territorial español, cuestionar las visiones historicistas y unidireccionales del cambio urbano.
La brecha salarial de clase en ocupaciones destacadas del Perú
Authors: Renteria Mauricio , Elguera Saúl
Published: January 2025

Este artículo busca contribuir al estudio sobre brechas salariales en la región latinoamericana enfocándose en diferencias basadas en la clase social. En base al análisis de encuestas de hogares, este estudio analiza las diferencias salariales de las personas que se desempeñan en las ocupaciones más destacadas en el Perú.  Mostramos que el origen social determina diferencias significativas en las remuneraciones de los sectores de más altos ingresos. Asimismo, el artículo muestra que si bien la educación y, en particular, el paso por universidades prestigiosas reduce la brecha en un porcentaje significativo, esta no neutraliza el peso del origen social en las diferencias salariales.
La Desigualdad de Riqueza en Perspectiva Generacional
Authors: Soriano Muñoz Iván , Gainza Barrenkua Xabier
Published: January 2025

A través de la Encuesta Financiera de las Familias elaborada por el Banco de España, y mediante índices de Gini y de Entropía Generalizada, el artículo analiza la evolución de la distribución de la riqueza neta entre grupos de edad durante el periodo 2002-2020. Los resultados muestran una creciente polarización y un deterioro en la posición relativa de los hogares jóvenes. La desigualdad se explica mayoritariamente por las dinámicas dentro de cada cohorte y los hogares jóvenes son hoy el grupo más heterogéneo, pero las diferencias entre grupos han aumentado notablemente. El análisis apunta a los cambios en la propiedad inmobiliaria como uno de los factores que explican la creciente desigualdad, ya que la vivienda es el principal activo de riqueza.
Ideologías de género en España: un análisis de clases latentes
Authors: Domínguez-Folgueras Marta
Published: January 2025

Las actitudes hacia la igualdad de género se suelen describir como tradicionales o igualitarias, dependiendo del acuerdo con la idea de esferas separadas o comunes. Investigaciones recientes sugieren que las ideologías son más complejas e incluyen varias dimensiones. Utilizando los datos de la Encuesta de Fecundidad 2018, se utiliza un análisis de clases latentes para estudiar lasdiferentes dimensiones del igualitarismo de género en España. De esta forma, se contribuye a la literatura, considerando el papel de la «centralidad de la familia» e incluyendo indicadores adicionales que permiten matizar la interpretación de algunas dimensiones. El análisis muestra que hay cinco perfiles ideológicos, con diferentes concepciones de la igualdad de género. También se estudian las características sociodemográficas de estos perfiles, mostrando que el sexo, la edad, la educación y la religiosidad son las principales variables asociadas a la ideología de género.
El campo antiderechos en España: ciclo de protesta y redes de organizaciones neoconservadoras de inspiración católica (1978-2023)
Authors: García Martín Joseba , Perugorría Ignacia
Published: January 2025

El artículo analiza el ciclo de protesta (1978-actualidad) del campo de organizaciones laicas de inspiración católica e ideología neoconservadora (OLIC-N) español contra las políticas morales progresistas. Para ello, utiliza un enfoque histórico-comparativo y relacional, centrándose en la cambiante interacción entre 1) estructuras de oportunidad cultural y política; 2) estructura y dinámica de red del campo OLIC-N, y su «campo ampliado antiderechos», compuesto por organizaciones religiosas y políticas; y, 3) su triangulación táctico-discursiva. La investigación se basa en un estudio cualitativo que comprende entrevistas en profundidad, observación participante y netnografía. Los datos muestran que, lejos de ser meras correas de transmisión del mensaje eclesiástico, o de estar al servicio de los partidos políticos conservadores, las OLIC-N lideran una compleja estrategia de «repolitización de lo religioso», de acuerdo con una lógica propia.
Machine Learning Approach for Optimization of Concrete Mixes with Supplementary Materials
Authors: Alsodi Rami , Samarai Mufid
Published: January 2025

Durability of concrete has always been an important topic since many concrete failures or signs of failure result from exposure to severe service or environmental conditions. The Gulf region has a harsh metrological environment and is currently witnessing a wide urbanization development. Billions of dollars are being spent on reinforced concrete construction projects and their repair in this region. These projects will not only exert pressure on resources but will also require high-performance materials for long-lasting durability and efficient repair systems. This study investigates the optimization of concrete mix designs using machine learning techniques, specifically focusing on the interplay between Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Micro silica content, and their effects on concrete water permeability and cost. A Random Forest Regressor was employed to model the complex relationships between these variables, revealing key insights into how varying proportions of GGBS and Micro silica influence the overall performance and economic feasibility of concrete mixes. The analysis identified an optimal mix containing 61.1% GGBS and 14 kg/m³ micro silica, which achieves a favorable balance between low water permeability (1.37 mm) and cost efficiency (49.5 USD/m³). The insights gained from the model can inform better material selection for mix designs, contributing to more durable and cost-effective concrete structures, reducing the need for costly repairs, and minimizing resource consumption in urban development projects.
The Role of Informal Credit Groups (ICGs) on the Economy of Rural Areas in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Udensi Lawrence Okoronkwo , Ojong-Ejoh Mary Yuilowhama , Abuokwen Rose Utsubasha , Udensi Isaac Ukaoma
Published: January 2025

This study explores the role of Informal Credit Groups (ICGs) on the economy of rural areas in Cross River State. The study employ the survey design to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from 567 respondents from 63 informal credit groups across various rural communities in Cross River State. Using frequency counts, mean ranking, percentages, standard deviation and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with Least Significant Difference (LSD) multiple comparison test to analyse data collected using questionnaire and interview schedule, among other findings, the study revealed that Informal Credit Groups attached high sense of responsibility and preference to married patrons as basis for collateral and its management. Respondents were more prominent in the usage of rotatory savings followed by fixed savings as forms of informal credit system; the relationship between the influence of patrons’ marital status and Informal Credit Groups’ usage among the various categories of Informal Credit Groups showed a significant usage in rotatory and fixed savings; higher demands and family responsibilities were found to be motivating factors for Informal Credit Groups’ patronage among married patrons; Result based on patrons response indicates that factors such as: fear (3.20), extortion (3.16%) and exploitation from executives (3.14), poor management (3.04), could constitute challenges to the effective patronage and utilization of ICGs in Cross River State. Recommendations that can improve the operations of Informal Credit Groups, alleviate poverty and foster rural development were made.
The Clash of the Paradigms: Tracking, Cooperative Learning, and the Demolition of the Zone of Proximal Development
Authors: Reilly Rosemary C. , Mitchell Sydney N.
Published: January 2025

This report describes the effect of cooperative learning in low-track and regular classrooms, using the dimensions of student alienation, academic self-esteem, willingness to cooperate, and academic supportiveness. The investigators examined the influence of student agency in choosing peers for the cooperative groups in a high school science classroom. Results indicate that the ability for low-track students to choose group mates can result in greater feelings of alienation, have no effect on bolstering a lower academic self-esteem, and reduce willingness to cooperate with peers. Regardless of stream, students did not feel academically supported by peers in the classroom. Recommendations for using cooperative learning and coping with educational reform are discussed.
Children Thinking About Models: Analyzing a Globe
Authors: Gustafson Brenda J. , Shanahan Marie-Claire
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to explore to what extent 87 grade 5 (10-12-year-old) children, supported by instruction about scientific models, could engage in thinking beyond a naïve realist level about a globe. A qualitative framework allowed analysis of children’s responses to worksheet questions in which they identified analog-target correspondence and how models act as tools for thinking. Children’s responses were further analyzed using visual factors (Goldsmith, 1984) and interacting components (Mathewson, 2005) organized to highlight semiotic challenges associated with the models. The data demonstrated a beginning sophistication in thinking about models that for more than half the children was beyond a naïve realist level. Further research with children working with models of less familiar targets and multiple models of the same target is recommended.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Psychological Strengths and the Perception of Bullying in Early Adolescents in Schools
Authors: Anderson Chris G. , Rawana Edward P. , Brownlee Keith , Whitley Jessica
Published: January 2025

This study explored the association between psychological strengths and perceptions of being a victim of a bullying relationship in the school environment. Using self-report questionnaires with grades 7 and 8 students, the role of psychological strengths as potential protective factors against various forms of bullying were examined including the patterns of strengths associated with the bullying experience. The results showed no significant association between global indices of strengths and perceptions of victimization. However, significant relationships did emerge between specific strengths and victimization. Strengths in school functioning among boys but not girls and strengths in personality functioning for both sexes were associated with lower perceived victimization. In contrast, strengths in spiritual and cultural identification were associated with perceptions of increased victimization. The implications of these results for anti-bullying strategies are discussed.
BILLY BUDDY AGAINST CYBER BULLYING
Authors:   Computer Science engineering (Internet of Things) presidency university Banglore,India, NAVEEN AKA , REDDY P.BHANU KIRAN , SRIKANTH JALA , NOOLI GOPICHANDU , REDDY T.AMAR NARASIMHA , S DR. SHANTHI
Published: January 2025

Cyberbullying is a manner of online harassment that has surfaced and is increasingly getting common, even among teenagers. It is generally the deliberate act of repeatedly harassing people through digitalized platforms, mainly social media and forums, including messaging apps. Common forms include spreading harmful and damaging rumours; threats; hate speech; releasing personal or embarrassing information; and spreading derogatory contents about the victims. These behaviours often have severe psychological consequences for the victim, including diminished self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and in extreme cases, suicidal ideation. The anonymity provided by the internet often exacerbates these issues, as bullies can engage in harmful actions without facing immediate consequences.

This project offers a holistic solution to cyberbullying through a digital platform that provides instant support to victims. The website, with an interactive and user-friendly chatbot called "Billy," serves as the first line of defence. Billy offers emotional support to the victim, guides them through the process of documenting and reporting cyberbullying incidents, and ensures that important evidence is collected. The website ensures user anonymity, enabling them to submit cases of bullying anonymously. Additionally, Billy promotes the collection of key information like screenshots and chat records, which is then used to help the cyber-crime police to act accordingly.

In addition to providing direct support, the website includes educational resources meant to prevent and defend against cyberbullying. These resources provide practical tips and self-defence tactics, with advice on how best to protect one's personal information online. Users are also given the opportunity to connect with others who have suffered similar forms of bullying, allowing them to form a supportive community to share their experiences and coping strategies. It gives a sense of solidarity and empowerment to the victims and creates an opportunity for mutual support among the victims.

Users will be better safeguarded with a guarantee of maintaining anonymity on this website in their reports and experiences. All of this would result in data which cannot be easily misused for malicious intentions towards victims; thereby, this entire platform seeks to raise the general awareness on dangers of cyberbullying and seek immediate access and help in affected cases as it promotes safety online.

Keywords— Cyberbullying, online harassment, chatbot, anonymity, mental health,
INTEGRATION OF GEODATA INTO THE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT PROCESS TO IMPROVE THE USE OF THE TERRITORY AND OPTIMIZE SPATIAL PLANNING
Authors: Arhipov Aleksey
Published: January 2025

The Internet geodata service plays an important role in providing information about land boundaries and building sites in the country. The Rosreestr portal has a publicly available map of the cadastre of Russia, where you can find information about plots, houses and other buildings. This resource displays special areas of operation, cultural monuments and other data from the state real estate catalog. Users are offered the chance to track data changes online, which makes this map an indispensable tool for searching and researching property throughout Russia.
It is important to understand the local infrastructure and the prospects for the development of the area for a successful purchase of real estate. The national project "Housing and Urban Environment" actively contributes to the development of territories and optimization of land use for the construction of new housing, which can make the analysis easier. A lot of different maps need to be studied to understand the situation, and this makes it difficult to analyze. For example, the Land for Construction project allocates unproductive plots of land in the Moscow region for more efficient use.
The use of geodata in general contributes to more efficient use of the territory and optimization of residential area planning. Creating maps and three-dimensional models on demand, as well as managing a database with various types of information, are just some of the features that GIS provides. The use of GIS allows you to solve various problems of urban planning, analyze land plots, choose the best places for development, assess risks and model possible solutions. ArcGIS Urban is a tool that integrates geodata to improve the urban environment, planning development, and organizing information about construction and zoning.
Comparative analysis of patellofemoral anthropometry by gender using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ginting, M.D Florensius , Utomo, M.D Dwikora Novembri , Setiawati, M.D.D Rosy
Published: January 2025

Patellofemoral instability affects women more often than men. Anatomical differences between the sexes lead to disturbances in patellofemoral alignment. Some of the key structural factors that contribute to patellar instability include trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, an increased tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, and lateral tilt of the patella. The study was conducted at a tertiary hospital. Patients with a history of patellar instability, history of fracture in the knee area, lower extremity deformity, history of knee ligament surgery and hyperlaxity were excluded. A total of 86 knee MRIs (45 men and 41 women) performed measurements of trochlear profile, patellar position, lateralization of the tibial tuberosity and patellar profile. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical analysis in the form of an Independent T-Test with the alternative Mann Whitney U-Test. The results of the study show significant differences between groups. There were differences in facet asymmetry (p<0.02), the depth of the trochlea (p<0.03), the Insall Salvati Index (p<0.01), the Caton Deshcamp Index (p<0.01), the bisection of the index (p<0.01), the Tibial Tuberosity-Posterior Cruciate Ligament (TT-PCL) (p<0.016), and the profile of the patella (Cranio Caudal Length, Transverse Length, Anteroposterior Length, Circumference, and Patellar Area) (p<0.001). Patellofemoral anthropometry shows significant gender differences. In women, a shallower trochlear groove, wider lateral facets, a higher and more lateral patellar position, and a smaller patellar profile are observed. These factors may contribute to the higher susceptibility of women to patellofemoral instability.
Notes from Global Asia
Authors: Lean Eugenia
Published: January 2025

Recent developments in the field of global Asia and the global South are paying attention to alternative ways of knowing and historicizing how they circulate. Such work helps the field produce critical geographies in our writing of the history of knowledge that decenter persistent Eurocentric narratives of the origins of science. They help avoid comparative and even civilizational frameworks that continue to shape our understanding of the modern world. To write a global history of knowledge that is both broad and deep in scale, scholars need to examine far-flung global networks that facilitate the movement of ideas and materials, along with conducting a deep and careful understanding of local contexts and regional specificity. By considering how circulating “global” knowledge and mobile objects “anchor” and manifest locally, the field reduces the risk of flattening the “global” and sacrificing specificity, depth, knowledge of locale(s) and regional expertise.
Introduction
Authors: Dupré Sven , Somsen Geert
Published: January 2025

An introduction to the Forum "Decentering the History of Knowledge," by the Editors in Chief of the Journal for the History of Knowledge.
Modeling the effects of drive error and impairment on crash injury severity
Authors: Shaon Mohammad Razaur Rahman , Qin Xiao , Jackson Eric
Published: January 2025

Under the safe system approach, drivers will inevitably make mistakes and errors that can contribute to crashes. Driver errors are widely cited as one of the critical reasons for crash occurrence in safety literature. Despite universal acceptance, the discussion of their effects on crash injury outcomes is limited. The primary objective of this study is to quantify the effects of driver errors in the crash injury severity model at urban intersections. To obtain research objectives, driver errors were categorized as sequential events in a driving task. Combinations of driver error categories were created and ranked based on their odds-ratios with injury severity levels. Furthermore, driver impairment was considered in combination with the driver error categories to explore the compounding effects on crash consequences. Multiple ordered logit models were estimated to quantify the effect of driver errors and their interactions with driver impairment on the crash injury levels at uncontrolled, sign-controlled, and signal-controlled intersections. Improved model performance was observed when driver error combinations were modeled along with traditional crash variables. The exploration of multiple model formulations indicated that including driver impairment as an error category can yield informative inferences from both theoretical and modeling perspectives. Appropriate countermeasures were recommended for major contributing factors to improve intersection safety based on modeling results. It is expected that this study can offer specific insights into explanatory variables and help safety professionals to develop effective countermeasures.
Agricultural Innovation as a Determinant of a Sustainable Transition in Rural Territories: Evidence from Costa Rica
Authors: Rodriguez-Soto Jorge A.
Published: January 2025

The predominant economic activities in rural territories are agriculture, tourism, and ecosystem services, with agriculture being the predominant one. The agricultural sector faces several critics regarding its sustainability and structural difficulties for innovation. Yet, some innovations in line with bioeconomy and the use of digital technologies in agriculture have potential to reconcile economic and environmental goals. Therefore, this research aims to determine the contribution of innovations in the agricultural sector to the sustainable transformation of rural territories in Costa Rica. This is achieved using a case study methodology, covering cases representative of more than 95% of the agriculture production of the country. Finding that these trends of innovation can foster the sustainability of the sector and rural territories while improving economic outcomes; that the biggest impact of these innovations is when the two trends, digital technologies and bioeconomy, are combined; and that the forms of governance play a paramount role in the democratization of innovation, especially for medium and small-sized producers, and in their diffusion within the territory.
Abgleich der Ziele und Massnahmen zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel mit den Zielen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung (SDG)
Authors: Reimann Xander , Pütz Marco
Published: January 2025

Diese Studie untersucht die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Massnahmen zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel aus den beiden Aktionsplänen des Bundesamts für Umwelt mit den Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Insgesamt wurden die Beschreibungen von 90 Massnahmen zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel aus 14 Bereichen analysiert. In einer Matrix wurden die Anpassungsmassnahmen den SDGs gegenübergestellt, mögliche Wechselwirkungen erfasst, und auf einer Skala von –3 bis +3 bewertet. Diese Matrix ergibt eine Übersicht über mögliche Synergien und Zielkonflikte zwischen den beiden Politiken der Klimaanpassung und der nachhaltigen Entwicklung. Für 18 ausgewählte Anpassungsmassnahmen aus verschiedenen Bereichen wurden semistrukturierte Interviews mit Fachpersonen aus der Bundesverwaltung geführt, um verbal-argumentativ die möglichen Wechselwirkungen zu diskutieren und gemeinsam eine Bewertung durchzuführen. Die daraus resultierenden Steckbriefe sowie die Bewertungsmatrix finden sich im Anhang.
Comparison of demographic variables and	clinical findings with immune biomarkers in type1 diabetes
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Bilal  , Khan Muhammad Dilawar , Batool Hijab , Chughtai Akhtar Sohail , Rashid Omer , Ashraf Shakeel
Published: January 2025

Objective: To explore how demographic variables and clinical findings relate to immune biomarkers, assess their impact on glycemic control, and identify the most relevant immune biomarker for the Pakistani population with Type 1 Diabetes.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Chughtai Institute of Pathology, from April 2021 to March 2022. We enrolled 130 male and female diagnosed cases of Type 1 Diabetes of age below18 years in this study. A total of 100 cases were included in the study as per defined criteria and 30 were excluded. Relevant details of demographic variables & clinical findings were noted on a predesigned proforma. 5ml whole blood was taken from each subject. All samples were analyzed for Plasma Glucose, HbA1c%, C-peptide, Anti GAD65, Anti IA2 and Anti IAA. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Mean age of the Demographic details of study participants was 14.2±3.6years. Majority of the study participants were male (57%). Mean height was 4.89±0.69feet, mean weight of the participants was 57.8±18.0 Kilograms, mean BMI was 27.0±7.7kg/m2and mean Fasting blood glucose level was 213.3 ±128.2 mg/dL. Majority of the participants (57%) belonged to middle socioeconomic class, had normal BMI with a poor glycemic control. When means were compared, it was found that there was a significant difference in the mean anti-GAD level, where group with poor glycemic control having higher values.
Conclusion: Anti-GAD65 is the most prevalent immune biomarker in the Pakistani population, with elevated levels linked to poor glycemic control. While low socioeconomic status correlates with worse glycemic outcomes. A targeted approach for high-risk populations may enhance clinical outcomes and alleviate financial and mental burdens for patients.
Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, GAD65, IA-2, IAA, Biomarker
Biochemical risk assessment of first trimester miscarriage by evaluating serum estradiol progesterone and beta human chronic gonadotropin levels
Authors: Rehman Saqibah , Munir Muhammad Usman , Shuja Ayesha , Khan Muhammad Qaiser Alam , Haroon Zujaja Hina , Younas Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Objective: The current study was carried out to predict outcome of first trimester pregnancy by evaluating serum estradiol, progesterone and beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Chemical pathology and endocrinology AFIP, for a period of six months (from January 2023 to June 2023). Non-probability consecutive sampling was used for the selection of participants. All females presented with singleton pregnancy of 05-07 weeks from 21-40 years age were asked to sign informed consent and enroll in study. All patients with assisted reproductive techniques facilitated pregnancy, known thyroid, diabetes and hypertension were excluded from the study. Chemical biomarkers including Serum beta HCG, estradiol and progesterone were compared at the time of 7-9 weeks and 10-12 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney U test and relative risk analysis and p-Value ≤ 0.05 was considered significance.
Results: Median of Beta HCG at 7-9 weeks IU/L, Estradiol 7-9 weeks gestation, Beta HCG at 10-12 weeks IU/L, Estradiol at 11-12 weeks pmol/L and Progesterone at 11-12 weeks nmol/L were low in Miscarriages 6574.0 (9876.0 – 4321.0), 760.0 (913.3 – 634.0), 18356.0 (67893.0 – 15000.0), 1011.0 (1987.0 – 900.0) and 65.60 (164.0 – 32.50) respectively as compare to healthy groups and showed statistically highly significant difference as p values < 0.001. Median of Progesterone at 7-9 weeks nmol/L also low in Miscarriages group but showed non statistically significant difference as p value = 0.062.
Conclusion: It was concluded that estradiol levels can effectively predict miscarriage in the first trimester, with higher sensitivity at 7-9 weeks. Early monitoring of estradiol can aid in identifying at-risk pregnancies, enabling timely interventions to improve outcomes.
Keywords: First trimester miscarriage, Beta HCG, Estradiol, Progesterone
Assessment of intraoperative axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy - Upfront versus post neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Ajaz Yumna , Mahin Shams  , Jafri Asad Abbas , Khurshid Amna , Ali Rabia , Erum Humaira
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess the sensitivity of frozen section in the evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in upfront and post neo-adjuvant cases of breast cancer.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at Liaquat National Hospital Karachi from January 2020 to September 2022. It included 420 patients who underwent breast surgeries upfront and post neo-adjuvant status whose one or more sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) were sent for frozen section (FS). Specimens received in formalin for FS and autolysed specimens were excluded. Axillary SLNs were sectioned at 2mm intervals perpendicular to the long axis and submitted. At least four frozen tissue sections of each block were examined. SLNs were further examined on permanent sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The results of intraoperative FS and permanent sections were compared.
Results: Axillary SLNs of 420 patients sent for FS included 233 (55.5%) upfront cases and 187 (44.5%) post neo-adjuvant cases. FS detected sentinel lymph node metastasis in 118 (28.1%) patients while permanent sections detected metastases in 124 (29.5%) patients. Hence, out of the 6 (1.43%) false negative results, 3 (0.71%) were upfront and 3 (0.71%) were post neo-adjuvant cases. There was one false positive result in which a case of intraductal papilloma was misinterpreted as metastatic cancer on frozen section.
Conclusion: The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of frozen section indicates that the intraoperative examination of axillary SLNs by frozen section is equally reliable in both post neo-adjuvant and upfront cases of breast cancer.
Keywords: Breast cancer, Frozen section, Post neo-adjuvant, Sentinel lymph node biopsy
Impact of phototherapy on serum calcium levels in full-term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Shabbir Sehrish , Zafar Hira , Rasheed Zaynab , Ali Asad , Farooq Haseeb , Manzoor Ammara
Published: January 2025

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of hypocalcemia in term newborns with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia following phototherapy.
Material and Methods: The descriptive case series research was conducted for six months, from August 2020 to February 2021, at the Department of Pediatric Medicine at the Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur Azad Kashmir. All patients were enrolled, informed consent was obtained, and they received 48 hours of double surface phototherapy. Routine investigations also included the measurement of serum calcium.
Results: The study found a mean age of 14 days, with 63.68% male and 36.32% female cases. Before and after therapy, blood calcium levels averaged 2.41 ± 1.477 mmol/L & 2.5 ± 0.465 mmol/L respectively. Hypocalcemia was seen in 15.79% of patients. The study discovered that the prevalence of hypocalcemia was statistically equal in situations where the baseline blood bilirubin levels before treatment were 85.5-119.7 µmol/L (14.2%) and 121.4-171 µmol/L (16.8%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, after 48 hours of phototherapy, 15.79% of the newborns experienced hypocalcemia, indicating that calcium supplementation may be used as a preventative measure to avoid this disease.
Keywords: Neonatal jaundice, Calcium supplementation, Phototherapy, Complications.