bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Flexural Strength of Plain Concrete from Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Ala’a Hussein. Alwan
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is to propose mathematical expressions for estimation of the flexural strength of plain concrete members from ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements. More than two hundredpieces of precast concrete kerb units were subjected to a scheduled test program. The tests were divided into two categories; non-destructive ultrasonic and bending or rupture tests. For each precast unit, direct and indirect (surface) ultrasonic pulses were subjected to the concrete media to measure their travel velocities. The results of the tests were mointered in two graphs so that two mathematical relationships can be drawn. Direct pulse velocity versus the flexural strength was given in the first relationship while the second equation describes the flexural strength as a function of indirect (surface) pulse velocity. The application of these equations may be extended to cover the assessment of flexural strength of constructed concrete kerb units or in-situ concreting kerbstone and any other precast concrete units. Finally, a relation between direct and indirect pulse velocities of the a given concrete was predicted and suggested to be employed in case when one of the velocities is notavailable can be measured for other ultrasonic pulse test applications
Critical Evaluation of City Streets
Authors: Hameed Talib , Fakher Al_deen Huda Sabah
Published: May 2023

The diverse urban spaces of the streets is an important part of the city's physicist configuration and a link between architectural and civilizational communication through time starting from the historic towns down to the contemporary cities, within the proposals of the future cities. From general observations and literature review a research problem is crystallized as some directions not arbitrary rational when expansion and the growth of cities, and other measures wrong or the existence of some incorrect actions and processes related to the cities planning as a categorizing the goals and priorities in city plan.The streets were constitute a high proportion of the total area of cities, where up to over 30% in major cities. These faults are primarily a result of considering city streets as mere path for vehicular movement While pedestrian movement comes as a left over consideration. And a clear hypothesis search through the streets and designs which are formulated in accordance with the basis of geometric and mathematical equations to achieve the highest traffic density possible per hour (C.H.L). The research paper exposes some international considerations and improvement methods in converting vehicular streets to pedestrian streets which considers step to revitalize the city street life as a social place that responds to the active and passive human needs.
Scientific research in the field of agricultural engineering in higher education: study guide; edited by acad. of NAAS V. Bulgakov
Authors: Bulgakov V. , Nikolaienko S. , Ruzhylo Z. , Bulgakovа О. , Аdаmchuk О.
Published: May 2023

The study guide related to the basics of conducting scientific research in the field of agro- engineering, which are carried out in higher education. Along with the presentation of basic concepts, theoretical provisions and methods of conducting experimental research, the manual contains tasks and methodical instructions for laboratory and practical work on the subject of scientific research and patent science, which are taught at the engineering faculties of agricul- tural universities. The basics of the research methodology of work processes and parameters of agricultural machines and mechanized processes are given. Intended for students, masters, postgraduates, researchers, specialists in agricultural engi- neering and industrial mechanical engineering.
Quality Material and Project Cost (A study of Lagos State housing development Scheme)
Authors: Rukayat Pelumi , I Olateju , K Awolaja , Gazal Hammed
Published: May 2023

Material is a critical element in the construction project as it constitutes to a larger portion of the projects cost. It’s important to determine the degree of relationship between material and project costs. For this reason.  This study tends to assesses the degree of relationship between quality material and project cost, A survey research design was used for this study. The sample size of this study was 105. The study used purposive sampling technique to select the choice of staffs. Primary data was used for the study and were gotten by the use of a structured questionnaire. To test the hypothesis, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation coefficient was used. The results show that there is a strong positive relationship between quality material and project cost (r = 0.881). It was recommended among others that, the project managers, engineers and other stakeholders interested in housing development projects to implement the quality management actively to achieve efficient project cost.
Effect of Coffee Supply Organizational Culture on the Structuralism of Cooperative Societies in Ethiopia
Authors: Shiferaw Yomiyu , Kant Shashi
Published: May 2023

The statement of the investigation's challenge was the absence of the perceptual selection and inclusion of the logistics administration notion and philosophies. The goal was to look into the cooperative societies' management of the coffee supply chain from coffee planters to the exporting phase in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. The investigators used purposive data collection method & random data collection method methodologies by SPSS was used to elucidate, comprehend, and review the information that was gathered from the three associates (coffee planters, principal cooperative societies, and association of cooperative societies) that engaged in a chain of coffee supply on cooperative societies functionalism. When it comes to internal operations, the explanation provided by the associates indicates that there is reasonable functionalism, and the networking among the colleagues involved in logistics is minimal compared to the associates' use of cybernetics. As the collective mean manifested in the experiment generates consciousness in the initial phase for operation logistics administration, each associate of cooperative coffee logistics must work on the logistics orientation on cooperative functionalism using 360 specimen size, and it serves as a guide for subsequent experiments, leadership operation of logistics administration in the area of a coffee cooperative is significant.
Fish Supply Chain Management Strategy Analysis for Warung Tegal (WarTeg) while Covid-19 Policy is Enforced in the Administrative City of South Jakarta
Authors: Telaumbanua Kania Raflesia , Suhana Suhana , Mulyani Rita Yuni
Published: May 2023

Warung Tegal is a small, lower-middle class restaurant in Indonesia. The name Warung Tegal, comes from Bahasa Indonesia, where "Warung" translates to "food stall" and Tegal refers to a city in Central Java. Warung Tegal, like many other small businesses, has been affected by the impact of the Covid-19 policies. In order to recover, Warung Tegal need to focused on improving supply chain management strategies especially for fish as one of the menus. This study aims to analyze supply chain management strategies in order to understand FSCM at Warung Tegal in the Administrative City of South Jakarta. The research method used was qualitative descriptive. The data was collected from ten respondents through structured interviews and observation. The sample for this study was the Warung Tegal managers in the Administrative City of South Jakarta. The results of the study showed that the fish at Warung Tegal is usually sourced from the nearest market, but the menu does not take into account the requests of the consumers and is never marketed through digital marketing due to the lack of knowledge in this field. The manager of Warung Tegal also stated that the restaurant's income has been reduced as a result of the Covid-19 policies. The study is limited by the time available for research and only covers the Administrative City of South Jakarta and not the entire DKI Jakarta area. Earlier study only identifies the influence of supply chain management strategies on the buying interest, with a positive result. While this study analyzes supply chain management strategies both before and after the enforcement of the Covid-19 policies.
Optimizing Coal Hauling Operations: A Strategic Plan for Increased Productivity at PT Borneo
Authors: Joko Galuh , Mulyono Nur Budi
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research is to determine the key operational variables that impact productivity in PT BORNEO and identify optimal targets to improve productivity. A mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative approaches, supported by process observation, was used to collect data. The study primarily uses existing quantitative data, but interviews may be conducted to capture constraints in the implementation plan process. GPS data also collected via an API to obtain information about truck movements, which can be divided into various activities to identify cycle time and analyze system performance. The study found that reducing loading time and minimizing random stoppages can significantly improve productivity, with average loading time being the most important factor. Stoppage before rest time and stoppage in loaded condition and at major prayer time had little impact on overall productivity. Future research could investigate the impact of other variables such as equipment maintenance and driver training on productivity.
Ischemic stroke subtypes in subjects with and without diabetes: data from two hospitals in Mongolia
Authors: Gendendagva Naranchimeg , Sankhuu Yanjmaa , Bayarmunkh Anar , Dagvajantsan Byambasuren , Khasag Altaisaikhan , Byambasukh Oyuntugs
Published: May 2023

According to the World Health Organization report in 2020, the number of stroke deaths in Mongolia has reached 4,401, accounting for 19.84% of the total deaths, ranking as the second leading cause of death in Mongolia. Furthermore, the prevalence of diabetes has been steadily increasing for the last 20 years. In this case-control study (80 diabetic and 160 non-diabetic subjects), we analyzed data from two tertiary stroke centers over the past six months (June-December 2022). Inclusion criteria included patients over 18 years who presented to the emergency department with an acute ischemic stroke (I63 according to ICD 10). We reviewed and compared the data on clinical assessments such as the National Institutes of Health The Stroke Scale (NIHTSS), Glasgow Coma Scale and Modified Rankin Score, laboratory parameters, and TOAST classification of ischemic stroke between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in Mongolia. The mean age was 39.2±15.2, and 33.2% (n = 392) were male. The duration of diabetes in patients ranged from 0 to 23 years, and the median was 5.0. Mean glycated haemoglobin in subjects was 9.75±2.49%, and only 27.5% (n = 22) had HbA1c below 7.5%. Only BMI was significantly different in patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes (27.2±4.4 vs. 28.6±5.2). However, for other parameters, no significant difference was observed, but the NIHTSS at discharge was significantly higher in patients with diabetes. According to the TOAST classification, the risk of ischemic stroke caused by microangiopathy (18% vs 33.8%, p=0.142) and macroangiopathy (44.4% vs 57.5%, p=0.192) was 13-15% higher in people with diabetes than in people without diabetes. In regression analysis, patients with diabetes had a six times greater risk of ischemic stroke caused by atherosclerosis than non-diabetic patients. Most subtypes of stroke that occur in people with diabetes are caused by atherosclerosis, both large and small vessels.
Performance of tin oxide supported on reduced graphene oxide for oxidative desulfurization
Authors: MAHMOOD Qahtan
Published: May 2023

In this study, the incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) method was used to prepare tin oxide nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (SnO2/rGO). Characterize of catalyst composite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy. The activity of the SnO2/rGO catalyst was evaluated in the catalytic oxidation process of dibenzothiophene (DBT) for modeled oil and diesel fuel in the presence of H2O2 as an oxidant. Optimum reaction conditions (the loading quantity of the tin oxide, the concentration of dibenzothiophene, the time of reaction, the temperature, the amount of oxidant, and the catalyst dosage) were investigated in a batch reactor. High-value of dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal from modeled oil samples was 79% at temperature = 60 ◦C, reaction time = 90 min, catalyst dosage = 0.04 g, amount of H2O2 = 0.375 mL, and 385 ppm concentration of dibenzothiophene. Catalyst activity at the same operating condition was also investigated for diesel fuel and the removal of sulfur was 41%
Biogas Potential of Afyonkarahisar, Turkey-based on Animal Manure: Energy Equivalents and its Contribution to Economy and Carbon Emissions
Authors: KUMAŞ Kazım , AKYÜZ Ali Özhan
Published: May 2023

Energy demand is increasing rapidly all over the world. It is seen that the fossil fuel reserves, which are used extensively to meet the energy needs of the world, will not be enough to meet the necessary energy needs in the future. Countries that have not been able to solve their energy problem have started to seek new ways such as finding new energy sources and developing energy technology. Biogas can be thought of as a type of energy that can be obtained through many different sources. One of them is animal manure, which consists of organic matter. The livestock sector has strategic importance in Turkey in terms of economic and social aspects such as adequate and balanced nutrition for the population, the realization of rural development, and the prevention of rural-urban migration by reducing agricultural unemployment. In this study, the biogas potential that can be obtained from animal manure was examined according to the animal data of the Turkish Statistical Institute for 2020 in different categories throughout the province of Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. The conversion of the obtained biogas potential to other energy sources has been evaluated and it has been determined how much economic benefit can be obtained from each energy source. In addition, the carbon emissions of the province originating from animal husbandry were analyzed theoretically.
Modern problems and current approaches in dairy farming
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Mosolova N.I. , Mosolova D.A. ,   UPEC – University «IAE Gustave Eiffel», Slozhenkina A.A. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Brekhova S.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: May 2023

Purpose. An overview of the main modern problems in the dairy business and an assessment of promising approaches to the development of this branch of animal husbandry based on the research of the staff of the VRIMMP. Materials and Methods. The scientific research was carried out through the use of generally accepted scientific methods of studying and processing the studied material in the form of sequential operations of generalization, systematization, logical analysis and conclusions on an extensive array of data from the materials of published works on numerous scientific and practical studies carried out in the agroecological conditions of the South of Russia. Discussion. The existing knowledge has been deepened and the obtained results of the lifetime formation of increased both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dairy raw materials, and as a result, dairy products of increased nutritional value obtained from it, are reflected. The main technological innovations that have begun to be applied by advanced enterprises of the dairy industry are considered: robotic milking, software for automating routine tasks in animal maintenance. Conclusion. Currently, extensive scientific work has been carried out, the results of which are the key points for solving the most important tasks to improve the quality and volume of production of dairy raw materials and final products from it. The proposed approaches for enterprises engaged in the breeding of dairy cattle in the field of productivity, with proper implementation, are able to bring production indicators to a new level. The developed new approaches to the production of dairy products will allow milk processing enterprises to expand the product range of eco-friendly and healthy products.
DIVERSIFIKASI USAHA TANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PETANI DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN LOKAL
Authors: Hidayat Abdi
Published: May 2023

Dalam era globalisasi dan perubahan iklim yang terus berlangsung, diversifikasi usaha tani menjadi strategi penting dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan ketahanan pangan lokal. Diversifikasi usaha tani mengacu pada praktek mengembangkan berbagai jenis usaha di sektor pertanian, bukan hanya bergantung pada satu jenis komoditas atau tanaman. Dengan melakukan diversifikasi usaha tani, petani dapat mengurangi risiko yang terkait dengan fluktuasi harga komoditas tunggal. Mereka dapat mengalokasikan lahan dan sumber daya mereka untuk membudidayakan berbagai tanaman atau beternak berbagai jenis hewan, sesuai dengan kondisi iklim, tanah, dan permintaan pasar lokal. Salah satu manfaat langsung dari diversifikasi usaha tani adalah peningkatan pendapatan petani. Dengan memiliki berbagai sumber pendapatan, petani dapat mengoptimalkan potensi lahan mereka dan memanfaatkan peluang di pasar yang berbeda. Selain itu, diversifikasi juga membuka pintu bagi petani untuk menciptakan nilai tambah melalui pengolahan produk pertanian, seperti pengolahan hasil panen menjadi makanan olahan, minuman, atau produk-produk bernilai tinggi lainnya. Diversifikasi usaha tani juga memiliki dampak positif terhadap ketahanan pangan lokal. Dengan memproduksi berbagai jenis tanaman dan hewan, komunitas pertanian lokal dapat mencapai keamanan pangan yang lebih tinggi. Jika satu tanaman mengalami kegagalan panen akibat bencana alam atau wabah penyakit, komoditas lain masih dapat memberikan pasokan pangan yang mencukupi. Selain itu, diversifikasi juga memperkuat keanekaragaman pangan, mengurangi ketergantungan pada impor dan mempromosikan pangan lokal yang sehat dan bergizi.
Differential expression of ANO9 in cancer of the skin: malignant melanoma.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2023

Skin cancer is diagnosed in nearly 1.5 million patients each year (1). While patients with basal and squamous cell carcinomas are provided with 5-year survival rates at nearly 100% and 90%, respectively, patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma (metastatic melanoma) are provided 5-year survival rates at 91.4% at stage I and 24.6% at stage IV (2-5). We mined published microarray datasets (6, 7) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with the deadliest type of skin cancer, malignant melanoma. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding anoctamin 9, ANO9, when comparing melanoma tumor tissue from the human skin to the tissue of origin. ANO9 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in melanoma tissues as compared to normal tissues from the skin. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of ANO9 in melanoma tissues was correlated with overall survival in patients with malignant melanoma. ANO9 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of malignant melanoma in humans.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA NABATI DALAM PENGENDALIAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN
Authors: Siregar Fandy Ahmad
Published: May 2023

pengaruh penggunaan pestisida nabati terhadap pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman, serta dampaknya terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi survei lapangan, eksperimen laboratorium, dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pestisida nabati dapat efektif dalam mengendalikan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Beberapa senyawa aktif yang terdapat dalam pestisida nabati memiliki sifat insektisida atau fungisida yang mampu membunuh atau menghambat pertumbuhan organisme pengganggu tanaman. Selain itu, pestisida nabati juga dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit. Namun demikian, penggunaan pestisida nabati juga memiliki beberapa keterbatasan. Efektivitasnya mungkin bervariasi tergantung pada jenis hama atau penyakit yang ditargetkan, serta kondisi lingkungan tempat tanaman tumbuh. Selain itu, penggunaan pestisida nabati dapat memiliki efek samping terhadap organisme non-target dan lingkungan jika tidak digunakan dengan benar. Dalam konteks keberlanjutan pertanian, penggunaan pestisida nabati dianggap sebagai alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan pestisida sintetis. Pestisida nabati lebih mudah terdegradasi secara alami dan memiliki risiko lebih rendah terhadap polusi lingkungan dan residu pada hasil panen. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang pengaruh penggunaan pestisida nabati dalam pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman. Penggunaan pestisida nabati dapat menjadi bagian dari pendekatan terintegrasi dalam pengelolaan hama dan penyakit tanaman yang berkelanjutan, dengan mempertimbangkan manfaat dan keterbatasannya serta menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia.
SK Narasumber PBL
Authors: Marni
Published: May 2023

Narsumber PBL II FKM Undana
MANFAAT DAUR ULANG SAMPAH ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK UNTUK KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Hasibuan Muhammad Rasyid Redha
Published: May 2023

Sampah adalah benda atau material yang dihasilkan sebagai hasil sisa atau barang yang tidak lagi digunakan dan tidak memiliki nilai atau kegunaan bagi pemiliknya. Sampah dapat berupa benda padat, cair, atau gas yang dihasilkan oleh manusia sebagai produk sampingan dari berbagai aktivitas, termasuk konsumsi, produksi, atau proses alami. Sampah umumnya terdiri dari berbagai jenis material seperti kertas, plastik, logam, kaca, tekstil, makanan, limbah organik, limbah medis, limbah elektronik, dan banyak lagi. Sampah juga dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga kategori utama Sampah organik: Sampah yang terdiri dari bahan-bahan yang dapat terurai secara alami, seperti sisa makanan, dedaunan, rumput, dan limbah tumbuhan lainnya. Sampah organik ini dapat diuraikan oleh bakteri dan mikroorganisme menjadi kompos yang dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk. Sampah anorganik: Sampah yang terdiri dari bahan-bahan yang sulit terurai secara alami, seperti kertas, plastik, logam, dan kaca. Sampah anorganik ini biasanya membutuhkan proses daur ulang atau pengelolaan khusus agar dapat diolah kembali menjadi bahan baru atau dikurangi dampaknya terhadap lingkungan. Sampah berbahaya: Sampah yang mengandung bahan-bahan berbahaya atau toksik, seperti baterai, lampu neon, cat, pestisida, obat-obatan, dan limbah medis. Sampah berbahaya ini memerlukan perlakuan khusus dalam pengelolaannya untuk mencegah kerusakan lingkungan dan risiko kesehatan manusia. Pengelolaan sampah yang baik sangat penting untuk menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan mencegah dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan manusia. Hal ini meliputi pengurangan sampah dengan praktik pengurangan, penggunaan kembali barang, daur ulang bahan, serta pengolahan dan pembuangan yang aman dan terkendali. Upaya pengelolaan sampah yang efektif juga melibatkan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat, pemerintah, dan sektor swasta dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan dan program yang mendukung pengelolaan sampah yang berkelanjutan.
Unmasking the social constructions of male and female narcissism in the media: A critical discourse analysis of contemporary UK newspaper articles
Authors: Diri Sara
Published: May 2023

This study takes a critical discursive approach to investigate the role of gender in the portrayal of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in UK media discourse. The main objective is to build a more comprehensive theoretical framework that deciphers the existing discourse on NPD, including the potential stigmatisation of specific genders and hidden assumptions of NPD. By employing a more nuanced and subjectively relevant approach, this study delves into the gender dynamics of NPD through public opinion to transcend the limitations imposed by rigid psychometric accounts and clinical studies that characterised earlier NPD literature. The NexisLexis UK online search database was accessed to search and collect UK national newspapers from the past 5 years (2017–2023). A total of nine articles consisting of 5,549 words were selected for analysis, with approximately 2,700 words allocated to each gender. Three repertoires of NPD and narcissism were identified: (a) male narcissism and traditional gender norms; (b) female narcissism as less threatening; and (c) narcissism as predominantly male. The analysis findings provide insight into the complex interaction between narcissism, gender, and the media, revealing how existing gender myths and social biases in the discourse of NPD can contribute to the perpetuation of power imbalances and gender stereotypes. The male-related repertoires are overwhelmingly dominant in the discourse, whereas the female-related ones construct the meaning of narcissism in different ways and reveal different types of subject positions for both genders. The study finds that the representations of male narcissism in the media are closely aligned with traditional gender norms and relationship expectations, contributing to the reinforcement of harmful gender stereotypes and power dynamics. While the female discourse on narcissism is portrayed as less threatening and more discreet, potentially leading to minimised recognition and treatment of NPD in women and maintaining social inequalities. Lastly, the portrayal of narcissism as a predominantly male issue may inadvertently stigmatise men while simultaneously marginalising women's experiences, limiting a comprehensive understanding of narcissism among genders. The findings of this study emphasised the importance of challenging and deconstructing traditional gender norms, harmful stereotypes, and biases in the discourse of NPD and narcissism.
Emotion Recognition Deficits in Children and Adolescents with Psychopathic Traits: A Systematic Review
Authors: Díaz-Vázquez Beatriz , López-Romero Laura , Romero Estrella
Published: May 2023

Children and adolescents with psychopathic traits show deficits in emotional recognition, but there is no consensus as to the extent of their generalizability or about the variables that may be moderating the process. The present Systematic Review brings together the existing scientific corpus on the subject and attempts to answer these questions through an exhaustive review of the existing literature according to PRISMA 2020 statement. Results confirmed the existence of pervasive deficits in emotion recognition and, more specifically, on distress emotions (e.g., fear), a deficit that transcends all modalities of emotion presentation and all emotional stimuli used. Moreover, they supported the key role of attention to relevant areas that provide emotional cues (e.g., eye-region) and point out differences according to the presence of disruptive behavior and based on the psychopathy dimension examined. This evidence could advance the current knowledge on developmental models of psychopathic traits. Yet, homogenization of the conditions of research in this area should be prioritized to be able to draw more robust and generalizable conclusions.
Depression and Looming Cognitive Style: Examining the Mediating Effect of Perceived Control
Authors: Duffy Jessica , Cole Scott , Charura Divine , Shevchenko Jennifer
Published: May 2023

The present study is the first to investigate whether the relationship between depression and LCS is mediated by perceived control (over evading threats).
Harmful Compared to What? The Problem of Gaming and Ill-defined Causal Effects
Authors: Magnusson Kristoffer , Johansson Fred , Przybylski Andrew K
Published: May 2023

There has been much concern regarding potential harmful effects of video game play in the past 40 years, but there has been limited progress in understanding its causal role. In this paper we take a step back and discuss the basic requirements for identifying causal effects of video game play and argue that most research to date has not satisfied these assumptions. In particular, we discuss the consistency assumption and causal inference with compound exposures, that is, exposures with multiple relevant variants that affect outcomes in different ways. Not only does exposure to video games entail multiple different things, but not playing video games is equally ambiguous. Without a well-defined causal contrast, research investigating the effects of video game play cannot be translated into actionable public health policies. We also argue that policies or interventions that target games should be compared to other interventions aimed at improving the same outcomes, such as established interventions for known determinants of health and well-being or other relevant outcomes, like sleep or leisure-time sedentary behaviors.
Large and unequal life expectancy declines during the COVID-19 pandemic in India in 2020
Authors: Gupta Aashish , Hathi Payal , Banaji Murad , Gupta Prankur , Kashyap Ridhi , Paikra Vipul Kumar , Sharma Kanika , Somanchi Anmol , Sudharsanan Nikkil , Vyas Sangita
Published: May 2023

Global population health during the COVID-19 pandemic is poorly understood because of weak mortality monitoring in low- and middle-income countries. High-quality survey data on 765,180 individuals, representative of one-fourth of India’s population, uncover patterns missed by incomplete vital statistics and disease surveillance. Compared to 2019, life expectancy at birth was 2.6 years lower and mortality was 17% higher in 2020, implying 1.19 million excess deaths in 2020. Life expectancy declines in India were larger and had a younger age profile than in high-income countries. Increases in mortality were greater than expected based on observed seroprevalence and international infection fatality rates, most prominently among the youngest and older age groups. In contrast to global patterns, females in India experienced a life expectancy decline that was one year larger than losses for males. Marginalized social groups experienced greater declines than the most privileged social group. These findings uncover large and unequal mortality impacts during the pandemic in the world’s most populous country.
Seeing the World through Maps: The Effectiveness of Map Knowledge in Flag Recognition
Authors: Morales-Ramírez Carlos A.
Published: May 2023

This study aims to understand students’ knowledge of the use of political maps in flags. Students from a module at the National University of Singapore were provided a six-item questionnaire. The questions asked students to identify countries looking at a map, identify the Korean Unification Flag, identify the first flag of Bangladesh, identify flags with maps, and identify a theme in four different flags with maps. The results showed that Singapore was the most known country (92%), while Brunei was the least known (12%) based on the country’s political boundary outline. Only 19% of students were able to identify the countries correctly in the Korean Unification Flag and 31% identified the historic flag of Bangladesh correctly. In the final questions only 13% identified the correct flags with maps, while 36% mentioned the theme of location as a common theme amongst the four flags provided. These results showed that more exposure to these maps and flags is needed. The use of maps in flags can provide a new perspective for cartographic approaches and expand knowledge of cartographic vexillology.
Growing Out: Atemporal Figurations of Childhood in Literature and Theory
Authors:   Art Happening
Published: May 2023

Figurations of the child frequently establish and rely upon a linear conception of time. This article is a response to the problematic linearity of teleological developmentalism through a discussion of non-linear theoretical and fictional approaches to the figuration of the child. The author discusses some of the issues that have been raised with linear developmental models and joins a growing chorus of childhood studies and early education scholars by working against the constrictions of linear time. This article conceptualizes non-linear models of time and development, through exploration of Michael Ende’s Momo, a young adult novel that theorizes non-linear time, and Charlie Mackesy’s The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse, a contemporary best-seller that defies age categorization and invites non-linear material interaction (i.e., defying the determined action of reading from front to back and left to right). This article introduces and exemplifies the concept of “atemporal presence” to define the timeless present moment from which Momo’s titular character operates, and it offers the idea of “growing out” as an alternative to notions of “growing up.” This author illustrates how establishing non-linear conceptions of time and development creates sites for free, non-hierarchical growth.
Microstructural Analysis of a Silver Plated-Brass Trombone
Authors: Marvel Christopher , Lenthe Will , Logan John
Published: May 2023

This work shows how metallographic analysis combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy helped investigators determine the basic processing techniques used in a circa 1910 silver-plated brass trombone, specifically, the joint between the mouthpiece receiver and a brace. This entry won the 2011 International Metallographic Contest sponsored by the International Metallographic Society.
Nanostructured Coatings for U.S. Navy Applications
Authors: Kim George E. , Scandell Kenneth
Published: May 2023

This article provides a brief overview of the applications of multimodal alumina-titania (n-AT) coatings stemming from a five-year program on thermal spray nanocoatings sponsored by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR). In the main example, plasma sprayed n-AT coatings are applied to the propulsion shafts of Mine Countermeasure ships, bringing a fourfold increase in service life.
Advanced Coatings Offer New Design Opportunities in Tough Automotive Environments
Authors: Whyman Peter
Published: May 2023

This article explains how coating technology originally developed for use in nuclear power generating equipment is helping automotive engineers solve heat, wear, and performance challenges using new materials and design approaches.
Wear Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites
Authors: Naplocha Krzysztof , Kaczmar Jacek W.
Published: May 2023

This article evaluates the sliding wear behavior of fiber-reinforced 7075 Al alloy composites. It explains how the composite samples were made and shows how different fiber materials, volume percentages, and orientations affect hardness and wear resistance. It also interprets wear test results and what they reveal about wear mechanisms in metal-matrix composites.
High-Resolution Crack Imaging Reveals Degradation Processes in Nuclear Reactor Structural Materials
Authors: Olszta Matthew , Schreiber Daniel , Thomas Larry , Bruemmer Stephen
Published: May 2023

Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) use a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, and focused ion beam milling to analyze corrosion and crack structures in light-water reactor components with near-atomic spatial resolution.
Low-Load Vickers Microindentation Hardness Testing
Authors: Vander Voort George F. , Fowler Ryan
Published: May 2023

This article reviews the measurement physics of macro and micro Vickers indentation testing and the factors that determine measurement precision and repeatability. Study results show that when force loads of less than 100 gf are used, it is difficult for operators to precisely determine the position of the indenter tip, leading to various measurement errors. These errors explain the data anomalies reported in the literature for low-load Vickers hardness testing, which are often incorrectly attributed to material characteristics.
Additive Manufacturing: A Transformational Advanced Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Harris Ian D.
Published: May 2023

The idea of building a part from scratch on a single machine or rebuilding components and assemblies in situ is a radical departure from conventional thinking based on subtractive manufacturing. This article discusses the benefits foreseen with additive or direct digital manufacturing and describes ongoing efforts to accelerate the development and realization of the technology.
Effect of Higher Water Vapor Content on TBC Performance
Authors: Pint Bruce A. , Allen Hayness J.
Published: May 2023

This article discusses the influence of water vapor on the performance of YSZ thermal barrier coatings, particularly the oxidation resistance of the bond coat.
Application Note: Automated Zinc Spray Plant for LPG Cylinders
Authors: Choudhary Jaydev
Published: May 2023

An automated arc wire spraying plant has recently been built in which zinc coatings are applied to liquified petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders with minimal human intervention. This article describes the basic steps of the coating operation with emphasis on efficiency, cleanliness, and process optimization.
Taking the Stress Out of Composites Testing
Authors: Fahrenholz Helmut
Published: May 2023

Measuring material properties is disproportionately more complex for fiber-reinforced composites than for materials such as metals and plastics. It is further complicated by more than 150 composite test standards in use around the globe. This article assesses the challenges involved in testing fiber-reinforced composites and presents a rational approach for specimen preparation, handling, and fixturing that can simplify testing and improve throughput without sacrificing measurement accuracy.
Assessing Impact Damage on Composites Using Line Scanning Thermography
Authors: Ley Obdulia , Butera Manny , Godinez Valery , Chung Simon
Published: May 2023

This article compares two nondestructive test methods that are widely used to assess impact damage in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Infrared line scanning thermography (LST) and immersion ultrasonic testing (UT) are shown to be equally capable of detecting delaminations and internal cracking caused by low-velocity impacts, although LST was easier to use and provided results more quickly that were easier to interpret.
Advanced Chromium Carbide Coatings on Piston Rings by CVD: A Highly Adaptable New Method with Relatively Low Cost
Authors: Kostylev A. , Pokrovsky Y. , Lumpov A. , Bryskin Boris
Published: May 2023

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of pyrolytic chromium carbide coatings (PCCCs) is proving to be a viable alternative to hard chrome plating used on cylinder piston group components. This article discusses the development and optimization of a CVD process for depositing PCCCs on piston rings and cylinder sleeves. It evaluates the coatings based on friction, wear, and adhesion properties in comparison with coatings produced by other methods.
Antimicrobial Benefits of Copper Alloys
Authors: Michel J. , Moran W. , Estelle A. , Sexton K. , Michels H.
Published: May 2023

Laboratory tests conducted at the University of Southampton, UK, found that many species of bacteria including hospital superbugs, MRSA and VRE, are killed in less than 2 h on copper alloy surfaces. Tests conducted in a third-party lab subject to EPA audits confirmed these results, concluding that a range of copper alloy surfaces, such as brass, bronze, copper nickel, and nickel silver, achieve a 99.9% reduction of bacteria within 2 h of contact and that the effect is not impaired by tarnish. Other such tests have since been conducted and the results are presented in the article.
The Lampshade Frame: A Study of Provenance
Authors: Vander Voort George
Published: May 2023

Metallographic examination and optical emission spectroscopy shed light on the origin of a lampshade found in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. The steels used for the ring and wire in the frame are typical of those made prior to WWII and the fabrication processes appear to be of a similar timeframe. Tassels on the lampshade were determined to be a more recent alteration and the fabric was found to be cow skin parchment based on DNA testing.
Active Brazing Joins Titanium-Graphite Beam Target for Subatomic Particle Detection
Authors: Ferguson Keith
Published: May 2023

Active metal brazing played a key role in the development and fabrication of a modified beam target for particle-physics experiments conducted by Fermilab. The new target consists of a titanium tube filled with stacked graphite fins that were bonded in place by means of active metal brazing. This article describes the vacuum process and the methods used to evaluate the brazed titanium-graphite joints.
Making Army Helmets Tougher and Safer with Realistic Simulation
Authors: Young Laurence R.
Published: May 2023

Researchers at MIT have evaluated a wide range of helmet liner designs and materials for potential use in the U.S. Army's advanced combat helmet (ACH). To measure the effectiveness of candidate materials, the investigators rely on finite-element simulations that are validated by shock tube testing at Purdue University. Of the various filler materials examined, glass beads, glycerin, and water show the most promise for blast attenuation.
Advancements in High-Velocity Thermal Spray Gun Design
Authors: Herber Ralph
Published: May 2023

A high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spray gun that operates on conventional (gas or kerosene) fuels as well as liquid-gas combinations is shown to be capable of producing MCrAlY bond coats consisting of a rough surface layer (for adhesion) on a dense base (for oxidation protection).
Application Note: Functional Coatings from the Plasma Nozzle
Authors: Ihde Jörg , Lommatzsch Uwe
Published: May 2023

This article describes the design and operation of a high-deposition rate plasma nozzle developed for ambient pressure spraying.
Controlling Maintenance Costs in the Petrochemical Industry Using Thermal Spray
Authors: Fitzgerald Brian J.
Published: May 2023

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) exacts a heavy toll on petrochemical processing equipment, particularly piping, where leaks and safety risks associated with CUI drive maintenance costs. This article assesses the high cost of CUI and explains how the petrochemical industry is working to reduce those costs by protecting components with thermal spray aluminum (TSA) coatings and by employing complementary pipe welding procedures.
Titanium Powder Metallurgy: A Review, Part 1
Authors: (Sam) Froes F.H.
Published: May 2023

This article, the first in a two-part series, explains how powder metallurgy presents a cost-effective alternative to conventional titanium fabrication processes. It reviews the characteristics of different types of titanium powders and compares and contrasts near-net shape (NNS) production techniques, including conventional press-and-sinter, cold isostatic pressing (CIP), hot isostatic pressing (HIP), CIP-sinter, and CIP-sinter-HIP (CHIP). Other titanium production methods are covered in Part 2, which is scheduled for the October 2012 issue of AM&P.
Influence of Shielding Gas on Properties of High-Brightness Laser Welds
Authors: Nagy Brad
Published: May 2023

This article describes how shielding gas composition, either argon or nitrogen, affects the hardness, tensile strength, and toughness of high-power, high-brightness laser welds made on various base materials, including A508 forging steel, 316L stainless steel, Inconel 690, and solution-annealed IN718.
Process-Property Correlations in Thermal Spray Functional Oxides
Authors: Chen Yikai , Jung Han Su , Sampath Sanjay
Published: May 2023

An integrated strategy for the development of thermally sprayed functional oxide coatings is presented in this article. Strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM), a prototypical functional oxide, was selected to demonstrate the approach.
Goal Setting Technologies in Time Management: Essential Characteristics
Authors: Iskerskyi Ivan
Published: May 2023

It has been established that the categorical apparatus of domestic time management is currently at the stage of formation. It was found that the use of time management tools is important for a modern competitive specialist. It helps to increase the effectiveness of self-management, own activities, self-discipline, and to form one’s own authority. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the concepts of “time management”, “goal setting”. Also its goal is to determine the possibilities of goal setting technologies for the personal development of future specialists. When defining the research problem such methods were used as analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, theoretical methods related to the study of time management in scientific pedagogical and management literature, periodicals. Information was searched in scientometric databases Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Research Gate. The results and discussion. The essence of the concept of “time management” is revealed. It is the main component of the personal efficiency system of a specialist. It combines the ability to use practical methods of goal setting, time planning, decision-making and control over the performance of assigned tasks. Special attention is focused on goal setting as a structural component of strategic management in the overall time management system. It has been established that the mechanism of forming the efficiency and competitiveness of the future specialist of socionomic professions is the use of modern time management tools. It includes goal-setting technologies. Conclusions. The author suggests the definition of goal-setting as the primary phase of management, development and decision-making. It involves setting a general goal and a set of goals in accordance with the essence and nature of the personality’s problems to be solved, its strategic attitudes. The popular goal-setting technologies are described. They include the SMART goal-setting technology, the project goal-setting system according to H. Arkhanhelskyi, and the standard goal-setting strategy. The algorithm of these technologies is presented.