bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI METODE MENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN DI RUMAH QUR’AN MUSLIM MADANI PARAKAN, BOLONG, KARANGANYAR
Authors: Santoso Roh Prehadi , Subondo Joko , Ulfah Yetty Faridatul
Published: January 2023

This study aims to (1) determine the evaluation of the input method for memorizing the Qur'an which includes the characteristics & abilities of the teacher and the ability of students to memorize, (2) know the evaluation of the process of memorizing the Qur'an which includes class division and the method applied, (3) know the evaluation of the output of the method of memorizing the Qur'an which includes the number and target of memorization. This study used an evaluation research approach and was carried out at the Muslim Madani Parakan Qur'an House by using data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The results show that

(1) the evaluation of the input data in the form of the background and characteristics of the teacher and the qualifications of the students was carried out less than optimally, so that the Qur'an House needed to revise the program (2) the evaluation of the data process in the form of dividing study groups and the method used was very good so that the house The Qur'an can continue the program

(3) Evaluation of Data Output in the form of learning outcomes has not been maximized so that Rumah Qur'an needs to carry out policies to revise the program.The evaluator gave recommendations in the form of (1) Ummi method training for asatidzah (2) adding educators (3) classroom conditioning to be more disciplined.
International Environmental Law from a Central European Perspective
Authors: Raisz Anikó
Published: January 2023

International Environmental Law is relevant one way or another for every state as a field where innovative solutions may sculpt the future of international law. Globally connected through climate, the never-changing quantity of waters on Earth, or the potential devastating effects of certain trans- boundary pollutions, states regularly face international environmental challenges. It is even more true for Central European states whose geographical, historical, and cultural proximity explains why this region faces challenges that only partly correspond to the general European trends. The chapter reflects briefly on the economic and social heritage of the region as a possible reason for the particularities of the countries within the region before turning to certain general questions of international environmental law. While presenting some key features of the evolution of inter- national environmental law, we draw attention to issues and achievements relevant for Central European states, in particular in relation to sovereignty and demographic questions. Apart from the main features of international treaties in the field of international environmental law, the chapter refers to the Central European attitude toward IEL treaties. Finally, international environmental adjudication is treated in general, highlighting the main opportunities and possible shortcomings of this field.
International Dispute Settlement
Authors: Balcerzak Michał
Published: January 2023

The present chapter aims to discuss the methods and institutions designed to solve international disputes between states (and/or states and international organizations) from the perspective of the Central-Eastern European region. The chapter starts by explaining the notion of an “international dispute,” followed by a discussion of the techniques used for dispute settlement. The author invokes Article 2(3) of the UN Charter, which establishes the obligation of states to settle disputes without prejudice to international peace and security. Another important point of reference is Article 33(1) of the UN Chapter, which obliges states to seek a solution to a dispute endangering the maintenance of international peace and security, while listing a non-exhaustive list of methods used for that purpose (negotiations, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangement, or “other peaceful measures of their own choice”). In the subsequent subsections the author comments on the development of the international judiciary and the “renais- sance” of arbitrage as a means of international dispute settlement, as well as the specificity of dispute resolution within European regional organizations. The last subchapter includes examples of dis- putes between Central and Eastern European States that have been submitted to various mechanisms of settlement since the collapse of communism in the late 1980s.
Constitutional Identity
Authors: Mathieu Bertrand
Published: January 2023

Constitutional identity corresponds to the essential elements of national identity that a people has decided to enshrine in its Constitution, thus giving them legal effect. National identity is what allows a political community to be identified. This State formed by a People and endowed with the attribute of sovereignty is defined by its history, its values... so many elements that characterize both its raison d’être and its specificity. It is at the same time an element of separation from what is not it, an element of dialogue with other communities based on other principles of identity, an element of sharing with other States having in common some of these values. In a context where globalization is tending to erase these identity values, the resurgence of national identity must lead us to question both its nature and its place in the international and more particu- larly supranational legal order. It is in fact an instrument of both cooperation and resistance. Indeed, European legal systems, built on the will to promote and defend shared values, are now tending to legally impose a common identity, exclusive of national identities, based on principles that appear to be consensual but whose substantial definition, essentially produced by jurisdictional bodies, tends to achieve a European imperium that is not devoid of ideological connotations. The resistance of a number of national jurisdictions, in various forms, to this imperium makes it necessary to seek mechanisms that allow both the promotion of common values and the protection of identity-based values. These mechanisms must restore the place of political power which, in a democracy, is the most legitimate to settle possible conflicts. The determination of new mechanisms for regulating the balance between the requirements of national identities and those linked to the values and principles that sovereign States have decided to put in common will probably determine the survival of European legal systems.
International Peace and Security
Authors: Rusan Novokmet Rutvica
Published: January 2023

Maintenance of international peace and security has been the principal goal of the international community for centuries, but after the end of the Second World War States were determined more than ever to achieve that goal by creating firm legal, political, and institutional foundations for long-lasting peace. The international community committed itself to the international cooperation through organs and mechanisms of global and regional organizations. Particular significance was given to the formation of the international and regional legal framework of human rights protection, emphasizing that the respect of human rights is one of the main preconditions for fruitful interna- tional cooperation and a long-lasting peace. The United Nations serves as the global co-ordinator of the application of States’ obligations under international law through the collective security system and the network of subsidiary bodies. On the other hand, the role of regional international organiza- tions in establishing an adequate legal framework for the preservation of peace and security, as well as for the respect of human rights and the rule of law, is of immeasurable importance. This chapter seeks to explore the efficiency of the international legal framework as well as institutional and diplo- matic mechanisms provided by the United Nations and the leading regional organizations (NATO and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) that are responsible for the promotion, protection, and supervision of the Member States’ compliance with their international obligations, particularly from the point of view of Central European States. The author concludes that the most significant role of international organizations is in the continuous advancement of the responsibility of all actors involved to create a solid and long-lasting basis for the maintenance of international peace and security through the respect for human rights, democratic values, and the rule of law.
International Criminal Law and International Crimes
Authors: Bartkó Róbert , Sántha Ferenc
Published: January 2023

This paper outlines the underlying concepts, statutory elements, and characteristics of the so- called core international crimes (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression) and terrorist crimes. The core international crimes, the act of terrorism, and criminal offenses regarding terrorism are subject to international criminal law. Libraries could be filled with literature on the concept of international criminal law; however, it suffices to refer to the fact that international criminal law is a relatively young area of law that emerged at the boundaries of public international and domestic law. International criminal law cannot be considered a separate branch of law but rather a body of law created by the functional interaction of several branches or areas of law (international, criminal, and constitutional law). This study employs the comparative perspec- tive to address the statutory definitions of the noted crimes and examines the legal way to implement the international requirements by the relevant national laws.
Fundamental Questions of Administrative and Criminal Investigations for the Protection of the Financial Interests of the EU
Authors: Farkas Ákos
Published: January 2023

One of the most meaningful results of the past decades in the EU is forming a new criminal law cooperation system which is building on a new paradigm of operational cooperation between EU MSs. The new system pushed back to the background of the traditional, legal aid-based system. One of the characteristics of this is tighter cooperation in the investigation of both administrative and criminal. This contribution concentrates on presenting the features of this topic.
Children’s Rights and the Criminal Protection of Minors
Authors: Váradi-Csema Erika
Published: January 2023

The development of the criminal law protection of minors relates to the rise of children’s rights. Even today, this area of law exerts one of the most powerful effects on juvenile criminal justice. It also serves as a filter through which the quality of the regulations regarding minor offenders and victims can be measured. Therefore, the study examines the topic of children’s rights, primarily its evalua- tive aspect. It discusses the facts related to the suppressing of attacks against minors and the rules for juvenile offenders in the complex review of the criminal law rules affecting minors. Common historical influences play an important role in the development of the criminal policy of Central and East-Central European countries. Belonging to the Soviet era and the socialist state system provided a common ideological framework for the attitude toward young offenders and for defining the framework of, for example, parental rights and educational tools. The political change in each country caused a serious social cataclysm, which sometimes induced the development of a more marked penal policy and the need for more decisive action against juvenile offenders. Meanwhile, international documents played an important role in the spread of new alternative or community sanctions. The accession to the Council of Europe and later to the EU brought the noted countries back into a common framework. The study focuses on the CEE-countries, and aims to provide a general overview, from a historical perspective, of the development of children’s rights and criminal justice.
Hungary: National Regulations in the Shadow of a Common Past
Authors: Herke Csongor
Published: January 2023

Hungarian criminal legislation underwent substantial changes in the process of replacing the former socialist law enforcement principles with the rule of law. It is against this background that the new Criminal Code (Act C of 2012), Criminal Procedure Code (Act XC of 2017), and Penal Code (Act CCXL of 2013) were drafted. Accordingly, this study analyzes the provisions of the new Criminal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, and Penal Code in detail independently and in their context. After analyzing the general part of the Criminal Code, the study analyzes certain groups of crimes and the statistics associated with them. After addressing the criminal law questions, the main characteristics of Hungarian criminal procedure law are analyzed. Of these, it is worth highlighting the issue of the principles of criminal procedure law, the stages of the Hungarian criminal procedure, the possibili- ties of diversion in Hungarian criminal proceedings, and the characteristics of judgment. After the rules of the Criminal Procedure Code, the study describes the purpose and principles of penitentiary law and the Hungarian prison system in detail. The work concludes with a presentation of the main provisions of international criminal cooperation. In Hungary, the main sources of basic criminal science during the regime change in the 1990s were derived from the 1970s. Therefore, the sources of the criminal sciences require major revision. Nonetheless, legislation needs to change constantly to keep up with the challenges of a changing society.
Issues of investigation of crimes in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Александр Иванович Бастрыкин,
Published: January 2023

В статье в контексте вопросов защиты прав и законных интересов предпринимателей, уголовной политики Российской Федерации в области обеспечения экономической безопасности рассмотрены некоторые особенности расследования преступлений в сфере предпринимательской деятельности. Поднимается тема гуманизации уголовной ответственности за такие преступления, что связано, в частности, с избранием меры пресечения. На основе анализа статистических данных о расследовании преступлений в сфере предпринимательской деятельности за 2021 год и первый квартал 2022 года предлагаются изменения в уголовное и уголовно-процессуальное законодательство Российской Федерации.

The article considers some of the special aspects of investigations in the field of economic security in the context of entrepreneur’s rights and interests protection and the criminal policy of Russian Federation. The author discusses the topic of humanization of criminal responsibility for such crimes, which affects the selection of restrictive measures. Based on analysis of statistical data on the investigation of crimes in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity from 2021 and to the first quarter of 2022, the author proposes amendments to the criminal and criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation.
Criminological measures to ensure transport security
Authors: Андрей Викторович Борисов,
Published: January 2023

В статье на основе анализа научных источников, посвященных проблеме обеспечения транспортной безопасности, и действующего законодательства определены основополагающие криминологические меры обеспечения транспортной безопасности. Автором представлены различные классификации криминологических мер обеспечения транспортной безопасности: в зависимости от вида транспорта, общесоциальные и специально-криминологические. В статье раскрываются содержание и виды общесоциальных и специально-криминологических мер обеспечения транспортной безопасности.

Based on the analysis of scientific sources devoted to the problem of ensuring transport security and current legislation, the article defines the fundamental criminological measures to ensure transport security. The author presents various classifications of criminological measures to ensure transport security: depending on the type of transport, general social and special criminological. The article reveals the content and types of general social and special criminological measures to ensure transport security.
Problematic aspects of improving criminal legislation providing for liability for sexual crimes
Authors: Андрей Сергеевич Климов, , Сергей Николаевич Хорьяков,
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматриваются основные проблемы квалификации половых преступлений, возникшие после принятия Федерального закона от 28 января 2022 г. № 3-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации» и Федерального закона от 6 марта 2022 г. № 38-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации и статью 280 Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации».

The article discusses the main problems of the qualification of sexual crimes that arose after the adoption of Federal Law 3-FZ, dated January 28, 2022, “On amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation” and Federal Law 38-FZ, dated March 6, 2022, “On amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Article 280 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation”.
Rivais até o último clique? Fotografia e modernidade em Monteiro Lobato e Mário de Andrade
Authors: Lissovsky Mauricio
Published: January 2023

Monteiro Lobato e Mário de Andrade foram os escritores brasileiros que mais se dedicaram à fotografia na primeira metade do século XX. Registram-se amigos e famílias, viagens pelo Brasil e pelos Estados Unidos, monumentos históricos e poços de petróleo, paisagens naturais e humanas. Apesar de amadores e homens de letras, em algum momento de suas vidas, ambos acreditaram que suas imagens poderiam ter uma destinação pública, que seriam capazes de expressar algo a respeito do Brasil ou de si próprios. As versões mais difundidas da história da literatura brasileira consagraram o antagonismo estético entre eles. O que suas fotografias podem nos dizer sobre essa rivalidade? Que outras histórias do moderno essa comparação suscitaria? À luz da elaboração da figura do escritor-fotógrafo pelas vanguardas históricas – em particular as soviéticas – e da natureza mecânica da câmera, buscamos observar as afinidades e distinções que marcam as respectivas apropriações do moderno na fotografia desses autores.
Sérgio Milliet e Alexander Calder: a sedução da arte abstrata
Authors: Brandini Laura
Published: January 2023

A proposta primeira deste artigo é revisitar o pensamento crítico de Sérgio Milliet, um dos protagonistas do Modernismo paulista e que tem sido pouco lembrado desde que cessaram suas atividades como cronista e crítico de jornais, em 9 de novembro de 1966, dia de sua morte. Grande parte de sua obra crítica, escrita de 1940 a 1956 para o jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, foi publicada nos dez volumes que compõem o Diário Crítico (1981-1982) e que se constitui como corpus de análise de meu trabalho. Mais especificamente, apresentarei as reflexões de Milliet ligadas às artes visuais, nas quais ele, primeiro, defende uma arte humana e, portanto, em sua compreensão, figurativa, em uma acepção contrária e crítica à arte abstrata. Num segundo momento, ligado à descoberta da obra de Alexander Calder, Milliet passa a fazer o elogio da abstração, chegando até mesmo a se tornar o diretor da II, III e IV Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, de 1953 a 1957, eventos que contaram com numerosas obras abstratas e repercutiram na produção de artistas brasileiros.
Histologic changes in liver tissue of sheep fed spineless cactus resistant to Dactylopius opuntiae
Authors: Dias Francisca Mônica Couras , Véras Robson Magno Liberal , Lopes Levi Auto , Silva Tomás Guilherme Pereira da , Carvalho Francisco Fernando Ramos de , Batista Ângela Maria Vieira , Cardoso Daniel Barros , Souza Francisco de Assis Leite , Silva Janaina de Lima
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to assess the effects of diets containing spineless cactus genotypes resistant to carmine cochineal insect (Dactylopius opuntiae) on the liver condition of sheep. Thirty-six non-castrated Santa Inês male sheep (six months of age and average initial body weight of 22.0 ± 2.9 kg) were assigned to a completely randomized design, with three treatments and 12 replicates. The animals were fed a diet with Tifton hay as exclusive roughage (control) and two more diets in which the hay was partially replaced by ‘Miúda’ or ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (OEM.) spineless cactus. The animals were randomly slaughtered at 86 days after 16-h solid fast. The use of spineless cactus, regardless of genotype, increased the liver weight and caused inflammatory processes and necrosis on the liver parenchyma. Spineless cactus in diets for sheep confined for 86 days, despite causing liver tissue damage, such as inflammation and death process of hepatocytes, does not compromise weight gain.
Avaliação da sedação e variáveis cardiorrespiratórias em ovinos submetidos a diferentes protocolos de anestesia durante a realização da inseminação artificial
Authors: Bernardi Filho Paulo Roberto , Comassetto Felipe , Ronchi Samuel Jorge , Serighelli Júnior Gilberto , Casali Renata , Dallabrida Ademar Luiz , Oleskovicz Nilson
Published: January 2023

A inseminação artificial (IA) é um importante técnica para melhoramento genético em ovinos. Em função de ser uma técnica invasiva, a tranquilização e analgesia são fundamentais. No presente estudo foram utilizados 75 ovinos, da raça Texel, padronizados quanto a peso (kg) e idade (meses). Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos: Grupo Acepromazina (GA); Grupo Acepromazina e Butorfanol (GAB); Grupo Acepromazina e Morfina (GAMF); Grupo Acepromazina e Meperidina (GAME) e Grupo Salina (GS).  Os parâmetros avaliados foram: escore de sedação, grau de agitação, frequência cardíaca (FC); frequência respiratória (f), temperatura retal (T°R), tempo de latência e tempo para realização da IA. Os momentos de avaliação foram: M-20, M0, M1 e M2. Diferenças significativas foram consideradas quando p˂0,05. Não houveram diferenças significativas para peso e idade. Com relação a FC observou-se um aumento de 30,6%, 34,2% e 42,5% de M-20 para M2 para os grupos GA, GAB e GAME, respectivamente. Entre grupos, observou-se que em M0 o grupo GAME apresentou valores superiores, chegando a um valor de 41,4% acima dos demais grupos. Para a f destaca-se uma diminuição de 21,8% e 26,9% em M1 com relação a M-20 para os grupos GAME e GAMF, respectivamente. Já entre M-20 e M2 para GAME e GAMF destaca-se uma diminuição de 20% e 25%, na devida ordem. Quando comparados os valores de f do grupo GS, observa-se que entre o M-20 e os momentos M1 e M2 houve um aumento de 106,3% e 68,8% respectivamente. Os valores de f obtidos nos momentos M1 e M2 para GS foram maiores que os demais grupos. Quanto ao grau de sedação não houveram diferenças entre os grupos, contudo os valores obtidos são de relevância clínica. Com relação ao grau de agitação, houveram diferenças entre grupos, em M1 os grupos GAME e GAMF pontuaram 2, enquanto GS pontuou 0, em M2 o grupo GAMF pontuou 2 e o grupo GS 0. Para o tempo de latência e tempo para realização da IA não houveram diferenças estatísticas. Assim, nas condições do presente estudo o protocolo em GAME apresentou-se como o menos seguro dentre as opções avaliadas. Os protocolos instituídos de medicação pré-anestésicas promoveram discreta sedação dos pacientes e não diminuíram o tempo para a realização da técnica de IA.
Fermentation profile and nutritional value of millet grain silages rehydrated with whey and/or molasses
Authors: Jesus Diego Lucas Soares de , Rigueira João Paulo Sampaio , Monção Flávio Pinto , Rocha Júnior Vicente Ribeiro , Silva Ariadne Freitas , Moura Marielly Maria Almeida , Souza Jucineia Fernandes , Santos Alexandre Soares do , Silva Marcos Felipe Pereira da , Silvestre Otton Souza
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation profile and nutritional value of millet grain silages rehydrated with whey and/or molasses. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications, with a control treatment (water rehydration), whey rehydration, water rehydration plus molasses (2.5%), and whey plus molasses (2.5%). Lower values of dry matter content (DM = 66.37; 1.55%) were found for the control silage, but within the recommended range. The contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin and hemicellulose were not influenced by the use of additives. There was no difference (p>0.05) for aerobic stability and ammonia-N (6.04%) between treatments. For pH, lower values were observed for silages with molasses. There was a higher concentration (p <0.05) of lactic acid in silages with whey, and a higher concentration of butyric acid in silages added exclusively with molasses. The use of whey improved dry matter recovery compared to control silages. Higher dry matter degradability was observed with 8% rate of passage in silages added with molasses and/or whey in relation to the control.
Parasitological, epidemiological, and hematological findings in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii Wangler, 1831) in the State of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Gomes Carla Caroline Soares , Vieira Thállitha Samih Wischral Jayme , Coradi Vanessa dos Santos , Barboza Samara da Costa Ribeiro , Silva Hugo Thyares Fonseca Nascimento Pereira da , Lima Telma de Souza , Lucena Ricardo Barbosa de , Vieira Rafael Felipe da Costa , Guerra Ricardo Romão
Published: January 2023

Brazil is composed of large ecosystems with vast biodiversity in fauna and flora. Agriculture and livestock farming provides an interaction between humans and domestic and wild animals, which favors the dissemination of infectious and parasitic agents. Wild rodents present a wide ecological diversity; therefore, it is necessary to know which species may be carriers of pathogens. This study aims to identify endo and ectoparasites, and hemoparasites in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii Wangler, 1831), and determine the hematological parameters of this species. The study was carried out with 16 adult specimens from both sexes, captured in the rural areas of Remigio and Areia, Paraiba State, northeastern Brazil. All Spix's yellow-toothed cavies presented ectoparasites, Gliricola quadrisetosa, Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. and Chirodiscoides caviae, and endoparasites identified by the presence of Nematode eggs, Cestode eggs, and coccidian oocysts in the stool samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of parasitism by Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. and Chirodiscoides cavia in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy. Animals tested negative by PCR for hemotropic Mycoplasma sp., Babesia sp., Ehrlichia sp., and Bartonella sp. For the first time, the hematological profile of these animals was determined. These results can be the basis for future research with the species, which can be used as a sample animal in experiments in clinical settings as an epidemiological guide since this species is routinely used by impoverished populations in the Northeastern region of Brazil as pets, as well as a source of protein.
Strategic re-use of intravaginal progesterone devices increases conception rate in primiparous Nellore cows
Authors: Jesus Junior Onadir Geraldo de , Neri Humberto Luís Del Hoyo , Lima Ana Kelen Felipe , Cavalcante Tânia Vasconcelos , Faustino Luciana Rocha , Silva Cleidson Manoel Gomes da , Dias Francisca Elda Ferreira
Published: January 2023

In the present study, we investigate the effect of the presence or absence of corpus luteum (CL) at the beginning of a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol and to evaluate the impact of one-time use of intravaginal progesterone device (P4 device) in cows with or without CL. A total of 776 primiparous Nellore cows were subjected to FTAI approximately 45 days postpartum. In Experiment 1, 476 cows were divided into two experimental groups: with (CL-present, n=113) or without (CL-absent, n=363) CL, after ultrasound evaluation. On day 0 (D0), all cows received a new P4 device (1.0 g) and 2.0 mg estradiol benzoate (EB). Eight days later (D8), the P4 devices were withdrawn, and prostaglandin (15 mg), estradiol cypionate (0.5 mg), and eCG (300 IU) were administered i.m. All cows were inseminated 48 h after P4 device withdrawal (D10). In Experiment 2, the cows (n= 300) received (at D0) P4 devices that were previously used once in other cows with (n=109) or without CL (n=191) and 2 mg of EB. The same protocol as that used in Experiment 1 was performed from D8 onwards. In Experiment 1, the overall conception rate after FTAI was 55% (262/476). No difference was found in the conception rate between CL-present and CL-absent cows (52.2 vs. 55.5%). In Experiment 2, the conception rate obtained with P4 devices previously used in cows with CL (58.7%) was greater (P<0.05) than that obtained with P4 devices previously used in cows without CL (42.9%). Thus, this strategy resulted in a 15.8% increase in conception rate. In conclusion, the presence or absence of CL at the beginning of the FTAI protocol did not affect the conception rate in cows synchronized with the new P4 device, but the insertion of P4 devices previously used in cows with CL enhanced the conception rates in cows without CL.
Collectivism Culture in China’s ‘One Belt, One Road Policy’ and the Direction of Public Diplomacy in Korea
Authors:   Asia Cultural Creativity Inst., Cho Eunah
Published: January 2023

‘One Belt, One Road’ is a concrete and long-term realization plan of the ‘China Dream’ which is great revival of the Chinese nation promoted by the Xi Jinping administration. China asserts that the plan will contribute to world peace and development together with participating countries, and advance toward a common prosperity and a community of destiny through cooperation and coexistence of e ach country. T he C hinese d ream i s a policy t o b ring h ope to t he C hinese p eople and to achieve unity around it, having a very strong collectivism. In addition, the One Belt, One Road policy, which is a plan to realize the Chinese dream, presupposes close cooperation with neighboring countries, and this is also based on a strong collectivist culture. So, how should we respond to China's One Belt, One Road policy? This paper presents public diplomacy as the answer to this. And the direction of public diplomacy is summarized as using their face culture through continuous cultural exchange with China and actively conducting public diplomacy on environmental and human rights issues, which are one of the problems faced by the One Belt and One Road Initiative.
A Study on the Trans-identity Character in The Lion King: Based on the Growing-character who Overcame the Trauma
Authors:   Asia Cultural Creativity Inst., Kwak Hyomin
Published: January 2023

Growing-characters change their identity according to their surroundings. Simba, Mufasa, and Scar in The Lion King would have had similar incidents as children. However, it acquired a different identity. It is said that the most difficult part of trauma is the death of a family member or acquaintance. In The Lion King, Simba witnessed the death of his father Mufasa. It came as a big shock at a young age. Simba, who overcame this and grew up, becomes the king of Prideland through transposition and ascension. To overcome trauma, identity transformation is necessary. To move on to the next generation, Mufasa and Scar face a descent. This properly shows “Circle of Life” (the providence of nature) from the beginning of the movie. Only characters who have grown up after overcoming trauma can be converted to an upward transition.
Comparison of Cycloplegic Refraction Versus Dynamic Retinoscopy in Children from 5 to 12 Years of Age
Authors: Shahid Sharmeen , Maimoona Rehmat  , Amna Mahmood  , Farooq Erum , Shanza Dastgir
Published: January 2023

Refractive errors are a noteworthy cause of visual disruption worldwide. Objective: To compare the results of dynamic and cycloplegic retinoscopy in children. Methods: A descriptive-type cross-sectional study was conducted at the university of Lahore teaching hospital on 50 patients from 5 to 12 years of age. Approval was taken from the ethical board of the institution and informed consent from patient’s parents. Patients who had any other ocular pathology other than refractive errors were excluded. To study the refraction results in children, first in a dark room, retinoscopy without cycloplegic was performed then 1% cyclopentolate eye drops were used. After that retinoscopy was done under cycloplegic effect results were compared after being converted into spherical equivalent. Paired sample t-test was applied to compare means. P < .05 was taken as significant. Results: There were 25 males and 25 females. The mean age in years was 7.66 ±there were 12 myopic patients, 22 hypermetropic and 16 astigmatic patients. The mean logMar of visual acuity uncorrected was 0.5 ± 0.23 and the best corrected visual acuity was 0.1± 0.01. The mean S.E of right eye dynamic retinoscopy was 1.78±2.60, cycloplegic retinoscopy 1.52± 2.54 and of left eye was 1.72±49 and1.47± 2.34 respectively. It can be deduced that on average 0.26D more by dynamic retinoscopy. A significant correlation with r 0.96 and r 0.94 in left eye existed. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between cycloplegic retinoscopy and near retinoscopy. It was deduced that near retinoscopy showed more hypermetropic readings than cycloplegic retinoscopy
Real Time Paper Based Detection of Streptococcus bovis using Chromogenic Substrate in Resource Constrained Environments
Authors: Mahmood Amna , Jamil Sami Amtul
Published: January 2023

Healthcare management faces a variety of difficulties in Circumstances with limited resources. Accurate diagnosis is the first step in disease prevention and therapy that works However, the diagnostic tools that are available in the economically advanced world are frequently of little utility in underdeveloped nations including Pakistan. The gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus bovis is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause various infections from superficial skin infections to severe and potentially fatal invasive diseases. Objective: To design a platform in environments with limited resources for the quick detection of Streptococcus bovis. Methods: A paper based analytical device (PAD) has been created with enrichment in sterile PYP broth for 1.5 hours and used for the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity using the chromogenic substrate Para-Nitrophenyl Phosphate (PNPP), the specie could be found in clinical samples. A coagulase test and sample Gram staining was conducted with the test. Qualitative detection was evaluated by visual detection while quantitative analysis is carried out using Image J software. Results: Alkaline Phosphatase ( S. bovis)  reacts with the PNPP substrate (5.7 mM) in the presence of PAD. Concentrations below 4.5x104 cfu mL resulted in the detection of a color change. The micro PADs were incubated at 37 °C for 3–4 hours before reaction. Colored product (yellow) indicated the presence of S.bovis. Conclusion: Within 2 hours including enrichment time the test may identify Streptococcus bovis up to 104 CFUmL-1
Autism Spectrum Disorder In Pakistan: A Review
Authors: Ashraf Maham , Saeed Bareera , Fatima Mansoor Abiha , Ijaz Muneeba , Mushtaq Faiza , Azzam Khan Muhammad , Anwar Faridi Tallat
Published: January 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that affects characterized with limitations the occurrence of specific interests and recurrent behaviors in social interaction. This article explains factors that may influence prevalence rates, such as recent changes to the diagnostic criteria, in light of current concerns about increased prevalence. To observe the development of literature regarding autism spectrum disorder in light of recent researches. The data was collected from data bases such as google scholar, Pubmed, HEC library and Scopus. The researches from only national scholars was considered. The data was vetted by a self appointed committee of expert peer reviewer to ensure maximum quality. Based on our analysis of published works, it can be claimed that there is a lack of academically sound published material from Pakistan, making it challenging to quantify the burden of ASD in this community, identify risk factors, or even create efficient intervention methods.
The Frequency of Carotid Artery Stenosis in Patients with Ischemic Stroke by Using Color Doppler Ultrasound of Carotid Arteries
Authors: Begum Shaheena , Nadeem Ahmed Khan Muhammad , Jabeen Sana
Published: January 2023

Stroke is among leading life threatening neurological emergency and single most important reason for disability. Objective: To determine the frequency of carotid artery stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke by using color Doppler ultrasound of carotid arteries. Method: This Cross sectional study was carried out at Medical Unit-III, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, and Karachi for Six months from 1st December 2017 to 31st May 2018. 170 diagnosed patients of ischemic stroke fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Brief history and bio data were entered in the Pro forma. Ultrasound carotid Doppler was done for all the patients included in the study. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification of age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking status and history of CVA to see their effect on the outcome variable. Post stratification chi square test/fisher exact test was applied while odds were computed by binary logistic regression taking p-value of ≤0.05 as significant. Results: Among 170 patients with ischemic stroke visiting Medical Unit-III, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi who were included in this study, the mean age of patients was 53.14 ±7.49 years and duration of disease was 2.72±0.89 years. 84 (49.4%) were male and 86 (50.6%) were female. Amongst patients with ischemic stroke, 90 (52.9%) had carotid artery stenosis and 80 (47.1%) did not have carotid artery stenosis. Conclusion: Our study showed that notable number of patients with ischemic stroke had carotid artery stenosis; furthermore, risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking were firmly associated with carotid artery stenosis
Correlation between Pre Biopsy Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Level and Gleason Score in Patients Diagnosed with Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Atif Hussain Syed , Tumrani Rukhsana
Published: January 2023

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a non-invasive biomarker in the management of prostate adenocarcinoma. Due to its low specificity, its diagnostic role is controversial in prostate adenocarcinoma. Gleason score is considered as most powerful predictor of prostate carcinoma. PSA in combination with Gleason grading system improves the detection of pathological stage of prostate adenocarcinoma. Objective: To determine the degree of correlation between pre biopsy serum PSA level and Gleason score in patients diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma. Methods: Retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in Chemical Pathology and Histopathology department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan between July 1, 2021 and September 31, 2022. A total of 51 histopathologically confirmed cases of prostate adenocarcinoma with documented Pre biopsy PSA level and Gleason score were included in the study. Serum PSA level correlation is compared with Gleason score, Gleason Pattern and Gleason Grade. p-value ≤0.05 taken as significant. Results: Mean age for prostate carcinoma patients was 65.71±10.062 years. Mean pre biopsy serum PSA level in study subjects was 40.31±37.52ng/ml. Of the total 51 study subjects, 27 (52.94%) were having Gleason score 7 suggestive of moderately differentiated tumor. Among these, 15(55.6%) were having serum PSA level between 10.01-50.00ng/ml. Statistically significant good correlation of serum PSA with Gleason score, Gleason pattern and Grade was established with p value <0.05. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is good degree of positive correlation between pre biopsy PSA level and Gleason score in patients with Prostate adenocarcinoma
Prevalence of Hearing Impairment in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Manzoor Husnain , Akhtar Daniel , Ahmad Ultamish , Waheed Shahid , Safdar Abbas Syed , Naz Rimsha , Ali Babar
Published: January 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) may be a major health problem in modern society. The disease and its complications can affect most systems of the human body. A possible complication of DM is sensorineural deafness (SNHL). Objective: To find out the prevalence of different frequencies of hearing impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study design was analytic cross-sectional. The data was collected from Hameed Latif and the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital. The study took 4 months (February 2022 to July 2022). The sample size was calculated at 325 based on the prevalence (69.73%) of sensorineural hearing loss in diabetic patients through an online sample size calculator (CI: 95% and margin of error=5.00%). The Sampling technique was Non-Probability Purposive Sampling. Data analysis was done by using SPSS Version 21.0 software. The sample-included patient diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), of both genders, aged 51-70 years, consented to inclusion in the study. Cases with external or middle ear diseases were excluded from the study. Results: The 325 diabetes mellitus patients comprised the study population, in which 36.6 % (n=119) patients had hearing loss on different frequencies, and 30.8%  had mild to severe hearing loss on high frequencies. Conclusions: This study concludes that the prevalence of hearing impairment is high among patients with diabetes mellitus and has more effect on higher frequencies of hearing rather than mid and low frequencies.
Association Between Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice Regarding Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Its Development in Cancer Patients
Authors: Ahmed Sohail Muhammad , Afzal Muhammad , Yaqoob Adnan
Published: January 2023

The adverse effects of peripheral neuropathy caused by chemotherapy include numbness, tingling, irritation, burning, difficulty keeping balance, and a chilling sensation. CIPN is one of the symptoms that has the potential to negatively impact the patient's quality of life (QoL), the treatment plan, and their overall safety. Objectives: To determine oncology nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and its development in cancer patient. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 172 registered nurses from two public hospitals were chosen with convenient sampling to see if there was an association between their knowledge and practice about chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in regard with its development in cancer patients. Three revised questioners were used to get information about nurses’ knowledge, practice and 1 questioner from patient about neuropathy development. (Knowledge, practice and neuropathy devolvement). Results: Knowledge showed that 56.4 % of participants had fair knowledge and Practice showed that 49.4 % of participants had fair practice, while 47.1% of patient had developed mild neuropathy. Chi square test was performed to see the association which showed a significant association between neuropathy development with nurses’ knowledge and practice as results were 0.000 (p-value is <0.005 taken as significant). Conclusions: There is a critical need to enhance oncology nurses' abilities in neurological assessment, and a reliable method of CIPN evaluation is essential. Guidelines for the treatment and evaluation of CIPN, as well as further studies in different health institutions to generalize the results across Pakistan, are urgently needed.
The Regnum Animalia of Ted Hughes
Authors: Bhat Altaf Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Ted Hughes is a prolific and versatile poet on the 20th Century poetic scene. His poetry, particularly animal verification, is multidimensional. He employs terrestrial, aerial, and aquatic animal symbols and images with eloquence and felicity. His empathy is acclaimed one. Through these miscellaneous animals as vehicle of expression, he poetizes various aspects of existence: human nature and behaviour, Nature along with its turmoil and quietude, animal tolerance and resistance, ascendancy of some species over others, human egomania, and the mythical and legendary value of animals. Hughes shows the external clash between tenderness and violence in the Natural world. Even the poetic art is expatiated in terms of animal activities. Moreover, the poet also demystifies the universal and perpetual bond behind the whole God’s creation. This study tries to overview all these dimensions and portrays Hughes as a new force and a fresh talent in English poetry.
UP AND DOWN, UP AND DOWN: DUPING IN A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM
Authors: Upadhyay Siddharth Shankar
Published: January 2023

Elizabethan audience had a taste for wit and an interest in discovering the artistry behind the invention and the execution of the joke. Duping is a dramatic device which satisfied this relish for the display of wit in the Elizabethan comedies. This paper argues that Shakespeare uses duping as a narrative technique in A Midsummer Night’s Dream to give the play its dramatic, structural and thematic unity. The paper discusses how Shakespeare’s comedies unlike traditional comedies of the time do not focus on the correction of human folly but rather offer a commentary on the human nature and turn toward the self. Shakespeare's humour is kind, and even when he uses a dupe storyline, he usually downplays the careless anger that he knows is at the root of the desire to mock. The dupe is not exploited like in other Elizabethan comedies. The dupe in Shakespeare offers a site for questioning and commenting on human behaviour. Shakespearean comedies become more than just crude mockery and laughter. They offer an insight about the human nature and help us come to terms with our own self.
ROBERT FROST AS A NATURE POET : AN ECOCRITICAL VIEW
Authors: Shahnawaz Mohammad Sharique
Published: January 2023

Robert Frost is arguably the greatest American poet of 20th Century and if there is any truth to Emerson’s maxim “to be great is to be misunderstood,” then definitely Robert Frost is great as he is one of the most misunderstood poets. Critics have hotly debated whether or not he is a Nature-poet. This paper intends to examine the claim of Frost being a Nature-poet with an ecocritical perspective. We will review The Tuft of Flowers to understand whether or not he can be called Nature-poet. Humans have been writing poems about Nature for centuries and Frost has also described hills, mountains, valleys, rivers, forests, woods, flowers, animals, seasons, and seasonal changes in his poems in a beautiful way, but does description of flora and fauna in the poem makes the poet a Nature-poet has been studied in this paper.