bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Trained and Untrained Intensity on Estrogen Levels in Female White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Wistar Strains
Authors: Paramitha Cinthya Fitri , Herdiyantini Mita , Dagradi Eric Mayo , Rasyida Annisa Ulya
Published: April 2024

Background: Trained and continuous physical activity can increase estrogen levels in women, while irregular activity can increase excessive Estrogen levels. Submaximal exercise is a recommended exercise to improve a woman's physiological function The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of submaximal exercise on trained and untrained intensity on Estrogen levels in female white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains. Methods: This research was an experimental study using a post-test-only control group design using 30 female Wistar rats which were divided into 5 groups: control group not treated (K1), experimental group of animals with exercise intensity without intervention (K2), group of experimental animals with untrained intensity without intervention (K3), group of experimental animals with exercise intensity with intervention (K4), and experimental group of animals with exercise intensity with intervention (K4). experimental animals with untrained intensity treatment with intervention (K5). The intervention was swimming at moderate intensity with a duration of 85% of the maximum time to swim and a load of 8% of the rat's body weight. After the treatment period, all groups were terminated to take intracardiac blood measured using ELISA. Results: The data results were analyzed using statistical tests. The results of this study found that the trained group had lower Estrogen levels compared to the untrained group, but higher than the control group. The Kruskal-Wallis test show a significance value (p = 0.157), p> 0.05. Conclusion: In this study, there was no effect of submaximal exercise between trained and untrained intensity on Estrogen levels in Wistar strain female white rat.
Effect of Ginger Extract in Lowering Blood Pressure in The Elderly with Hypertension
Authors: Ulkomah Ulkomah , Chalid Desridius , Murtiani Farida , Widiantari Aninda Dinar
Published: April 2024

Background: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that is common to find in elderly. Its prevalence reached to 22% throughout the world in 2020. Pharmacological treatment to hypertension involves lifetime commitment to drug adherence. Ginger extract as complementary therapy has been widely common in Indonesia to reduce common flu symptoms and indigestion. It acts as a therapeutic effect that boosts immune system, improving the cardiovascular system by reducing the level of low-density lipoproteins and cholesterol. Prior studies showed its effect in lowering blood pressure in hypertension patients, while several other said the effect was stronger in less than 50 years old people. The aim of the study was to analyze red ginger extract as main therapy in hypertension in elderly. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with one group pretest-posttest without control group. Participants were 45-65 years old hypertension patients in Semper Barat II Primary Health Care. Intervention was 4 grams of minced ginger then added by 2 spoons of honey in 100 ml of water. The drink was consumed in 5 days. Results: Average age of participants were 62,9 (60-65) years old. Before intervention, mean blood pressure was 156,8 (140-180) / 98,03 (85-115) mmHg and lowered to 148,6 (125-170) / 92,57 (80-110) mmHg after 5 days of intervention (p=0,0001). Conclusion: We recommend ginger extract as an alternative to reduce blood pressure in elderly with hypertension. We hoped the results will become a new approach to treat hypertension.
Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Sago Wastewater As Antibacterial
Authors: Rahmadana Satwika Tri , Astuty Eka , Angkejaya Ony Wibriyono
Published: April 2024

Background: Foodborne diseases are infections of the gastrointestinal tract caused by food containing microbiological agents and usually, these infections affect groups of individuals who have low immune systems. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)are bacillus-shaped Gram-positive bacteria that work by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria that cause foodborne diseases. Maluku is a region in Indonesia rich in sago production.  Sago ihur (Metroxylon sylvestre) and tuni (Metroxylon rumphii) are types of sago commonly found in Maluku. Sago is rich in carbohydrates and therefore has the opportunity to produce LAB. This study aimed to isolate and characterize LAB from sago wastewater was a laboratory experimental research with descriptive method using primary data. Methods: Bacterial isolation was carried out using a selective media. Characterization carried out by macroscopicly characterization by observing shape, margin, elevation, pigmentation, appearance, optical properties, and texture. Microscopic characterization was performed using Gram and spore staining. Results: The results of this study showed that five bacterial isolates (I1, I2, T3, T4, and I5) were successfully isolated in a round shape, flat edges, yellowish white color (not pigmented), shiny appearance, and mucoid texture, but isolate T3 showed a raised elevation and translucent to light (transparent), while for other isolates it was convex and translucent, and non-spore forming gram positive. Conclusion: Antibacterial tests against S. aureus and E. coli showed no inhibition zones. LAB isolates from sago wastewater showed no significant antibacterial effect
D-Dimer As A Parameter Of Disease And Death Of Covid-19 Patients In Islamic Hospital, Surabaya
Authors: Arimbi Muzaijadah Retno , Indrajanu Intan Nurani , Hernanda Pratika Yuhyi
Published: April 2024

Background: Previous studies of Community Associated Pneumonia (CAP) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), patients have shown that D-Dimer increases higher in severe cases and can be used as a prognostic biomarker and whilst D-Dimer> 1 mcg/ ml tends to be death for hospitalized adult patient with a diagnosis of Covid-19. However, D-Dimer's role in Covid-19 patients has not been fully studied.  We aim to conduct research on D-Dimer as a parameter of Clinical Severity and Death of Covid-19 Patients in Islamic Hospital, in Surabaya. Methods: This type of research is an analytic observational study with a retrospective approach. The population in this study were all patient’s data retrieved from the Dahlia Room’s database from June to July 2020 which were taken through EMR (an Electrical Medical Records) from a total of 189 patients with the total sample of 82 patients. Data analysis in this study used chi-square (X2) with a significant value of p <0.05. Results: Age over 60 years is associated with a higher risk of severe Covid-19 infection (P<0.05). A history of hypertension significantly affects the severity of Covid-19 infection (P < 0.05). The proportion of recoveries (53.7%) was higher than the number of deaths (46.3%), although the majority of patients experienced severe clinical severity (39%).  Laboratory parameters, such as D-dimer values, correlated significantly with patient age (P = 0.027, <0.05). Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of factors such as age and history of comorbid diseases in predicting the severity of Covid-19 infection. A better understanding of these risk factors can help in more effective management and management of Covid-19 patients.
Effect of Oatmeal on TNF-alfa of Blood of White Rats Exposed to Motor Vehicles Fumes
Authors: Sahadewa Sukma , Durry Fara Disa , Febriawan Zulfan , Kusuma I Putu Agus Aris Wijaya
Published: April 2024

Background: Air pollution due to motor vehicle emissions causes several serious health problems including respiratory problems. Fumes exposure activated alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells release mediators such as LTB4, TNF-α, and IL-8. TNF-α are known induced acute inflammation and tissue damage. Oats are plant with high dietary fiber content and nutritional value. Oats are contain of antioxidant compounds source such as tocopherols and avenanthramides. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of oatmeal on TNF-α of white rats exposed to motor vehicle fumes. Methods: This research used true experiment design with Randomized Post-Test Only Control Group design using 16 white male rats divided into three groups: control group only was given standard fed (K1), second group was given standard fed and exposed with motor vehicle fumes (K2), third group was given standard fed mixed with 10 gr of oatmeal and exposed with motor vehicle fumes (K3) for ten days. After ten days of the treatment, blood of white rats from all groups will be taken intracardial then measured TNF- α levels. Results: Statistical test analyzed using SPSS Software 23. Oatmeal has an effect to decrease TNF-α levels (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study conclude that oatmeal can help reduce TNF-α levels when exposed to motor vehicle fumes.
Routine hematology description and D-dimer COVID-19 patients at Sidoarjo Regional Hospital
Authors: Budianto Nugroho Eko Wirawan , Setiawan Budhi , Budiono Nugrahadi Dwi Pasca
Published: April 2024

Background: COVID-19, caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus, is a contagious and potentially fatal disease that is commonly diagnosed using real-time reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Studies have shown that the D-dimer level and the features of hematological exams can offer important prognostic value of the patients. This study aimed to describe data about the routine hematology features and D-Dimer levels of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Sidoarjo Regional Hospital. Methods: This study used a retrospective, cross sectional, observational approach with descriptive analysis. Medical records of 167 COVID-19 patient were collected based on the criteria. The outcomes of the D-dimer and complete blood count of the patients were summarized. Results: According to the findings, the number of the patients with COVID-19, 53 (31.7%) were between the ages of 31 and 35, and at least 36 (21.6%) were between the ages of 17 and 30. Prominent hematology routine outcomes were the number of patients with anemia (103 or 61.7%), neutrophilia (105 or 62.9%), and lymphocytopenia (129 or 77.2%). The D-dimer value increased by 93 (55.7%) patients among 167 COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Therefore, monitoring the patient's routine hematological presentation and D-dimer level during treatment is essential for preventing mortality and morbidity.
Nomenclatural standard of barley cultivar ‘Talovsky 9’
Authors: Ershova L. A. , Varganova I. V. , Lebedeva N. V.
Published: April 2024

The nomenclatural standard of spring two-row barley cultivar ‘Talovsky 9’, bred by the Federal Government Budgetory Scientific Institution "Voronezh Federal Agricultural Scientific Centre named after V.V. Dokuchaev" (FGBSI "Voronezh FASC named after V.V. Dokuchaev") former V.V. Dokuchaev Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth Zone was created.

The pedigree of the 'Talovsky 9' barley cultivar includes the ‘Pervenets’ and ‘Donetsk 8’ cultivars, highly resistant to smut, and highly resistant to root rot cultivars the ‘Donetsk 8’ and ‘Preriya’. Cultivar ‘Talovsky 9’ was selected by the method of stepwise hybridization between productive and drought-resistant cultivars ‘Pervenets’, ‘Donetsk 8’, ‘Prairie’, followed by individual selection from the hybrid population F3. The barley cultivar 'Talovsky 9' is zoned in Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk and Tambov regions within the Central Black Earth region and was included in the State Register, State Register code 9610219 in 2007 (State Register…, 2023).

The herbarium specimen of the nomenclatural standard of cultivar ‘Talovsky 9’ is presented on one herbarium sheet and has 2 sheets of doublet. All sheets contain entire plants in a state of milk stage collected at the Research and Production Base “Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories of the VIR”, ripe inflorescences and grains collected at the Voronezh Federal Agricultural Scientific Centre named after V.V. Dokuchaev. All specimens for the herbaria are plants grown from the same seeds generation.

The nomenclatural standard was prepared in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), registered in the VIR Herbarium database and were processed and accessioned to the Herbarium WIR.
Cultivars of green bean for the Northwestern region of Russia
Authors: Buravtseva T. V. , Lim N. Yu. , Chukhina I. G.
Published: April 2024

Based on the rules and recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, nomenclatural standards were prepared for three green bean cultivars ‘Elizaveta’, ‘Uspekh’, and ‘Rebus’ bred at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). The nomenclatural standards were designed as herbarium sheets, three per cultivar for ‘Elizaveta’ and ‘Rebus’, and four sheets for cv. ‘Uspekh’. Each sheet contains parts of one plant supplemented with photographs of beans, seeds and flowers of each green bean cultivar. Nomenclatural standards were registered in the VIR Herbarium database and deposited in the nomenclatural types section of the Herbarium of cultivated plants of the world, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR) and the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Russia.
Exchanges: infrastructures, power and the differential organisation of capital markets
Authors: Petry Johannes
Published: April 2024

The chapter analysis the role of exchanges as infrastructure providers in capital markets. While traditionally regarded as mere marketplaces, neutral spaces facilitating financial transactions, exchanges have evolved into powerful actors in their own right. Over time, exchanges have become complex organisations that enable the functioning of capital markets. While financial markets are used by investors to allocate financial assets, provide corporate financing and facilitate economic growth, certain infrastructural arrangements must exist to enable these transactions: from market data, indices, financial products, trading platforms to clearing, exchanges shape the infrastructures that underpin global capital markets. This chapter explores the commonalities and differences among exchanges, investigating their common role in the provision of financial infrastructures but also emphasizing their embeddedness within institutional environments and hierarchical positioning within the global financial system. Moreover, it addresses emerging challenges and potential contestations, particularly with the rise of exchanges in emerging markets, amidst an increasingly fragmented global economy.
Identifying, assessing, and responding to perpetration of domestic abuse(DA): a practice guide for professionals working in mental health services
Authors: Greenfield Philippa , Calcia Marilia , McCree Chris , Sahota Maneek , Thomas Holly , Kirkpatrick Kyla , Vagi Rebecca , Howard Louise , Markham Sarah , Bhavsar Vishal
Published: April 2024

Domestic abuse(DA) - abusive behaviour perpetrated by an adult towards another adult to whom they are personally connected (e.g. partners, ex-partners, or family members) - has major consequences for public mental health and mental health service use. Training and guidance for mental health professionals on identifying and responding to patients exposed to DA are available, but there has been less development of resources for mental health professionals in identifying, assessing, and responding to perpetrators of DA. In this article, we describe a framework for responding to DA perpetration in clinical settings in general adult mental health services, aimed at improving practice. This could support mental health professionals in sensitive enquiry and assessment for DA perpetration, and guide appropriate responses, as part of routine training and continuing professional development opportunities.
Development and Validation of the Nonbinary Distal Minority Stressors, Proximal Minority Stressors, and Resilience Scales
Authors: Matsuno Em , Huynh Kiet , Balsam Kimberly
Published: April 2024

Nonbinary populations face considerable mental health disparities likely due to their experiences of minority stress. Nonbinary people face similar minority stressors as trans men and trans women, but they also face unique stressors due to living in a world structured around the gender binary. Although validated measures exist that measure minority stress and resilience among trans and nonbinary people broadly (e.g., Testa et al., 2015), to date, no validated measures exist that capture the unique minority stress and resilience experiences of nonbinary people. Our study aimed to develop and validate three scales: the Nonbinary Distal Minority Stressors Scale (Nbi-DMSS), the Nonbinary Proximal Minority Stressors Scale (Nbi-PMSS), and the Nonbinary Resilience Scale (Nbi-RS). We recruited a large, racially diverse sample of nonbinary adults (N = 611) who live in the U.S. or Canada. Results showed that all measures have strong structural, convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity and that the scales and their subscales are reliable. Invariance testing found that the scales were valid across race, assigned sex, and age cohorts. Our study also advances minority stress theory by presenting the nonbinary minority stress and resilience model, which includes unique nonbinary minority stressors such as invalidation, burdening, binary normativity, and mental and emotional labor, and unique nonbinary resilience factors such as gender validation and critical consciousness. The nonbinary minority stress and resilience model and scales can advance research and clinical work to support the unique needs of nonbinary populations.
The hidden curriculum of gatekeeping: Dismissal experiences of health service psychology trainees
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Aggarwal Aashna , Robbins Krista , Khalil Amani , Ciftci Ayse
Published: April 2024

Health service psychology (HSP) programs, encompassing clinical, counseling, and school psychology, play a pivotal role in shaping the U.S. healthcare workforce. Practicum and internship sites are critical gatekeepers within this training. However, there is limited empirical evidence available regarding the prevalence of clinical dismissal and its consequences for affected trainees. To bridge these gaps in our understanding of clinical dismissal during HSP training, Study 1 conducted an analysis of a quantitative survey involving HSP training directors (N = 123). The results revealed that 28% of HSP programs reported at least one trainee having been dismissed from a practicum or internship site within the past seven years, with an overrepresentation of racial minority and international trainees. In addition, Psy.D. programs (56%) exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of having dismissed trainees compared to Ph.D. programs (23%) over the same period. In Study 2, qualitative interview data were collected from ten trainees who had experienced dismissal during their HSP training. Using the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method, we identified six distinct domains, each comprising unique categories and subcategories: Antecedents to dismissal, reasons for dismissal, process of dismissal, chain reactions, trainee impact, and recommendations. Taken together, this mixed-method study highlights that the clinical dismissal is not an uncommon occurrence in HSP training and raises significant concerns about the current implementation process. We illuminate structural issues and offer recommendations to improve the process of clinical dismissal within the HSP field.
Virtual Friendships and Loneliness: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Tien Ingrid , Johnson Amanda , Wood Jeffrey
Published: April 2024

There has been little research that comprehensively examines the various purposes of internet usage, particularly with regards to the social implications of virtual interpersonal relationships. This mixed-methods study examines the social implications of connecting with others on the internet, specifically the potential links between virtual friendships and feelings of loneliness and the role of underlying personality traits. Participants (N = 58; ages 18 to 27 years) were recruited from an online gaming community and were asked questions about their closeness with a virtual friend, an in-person friend, loneliness, and personality traits. The quantitative results indicated that those who identified a virtual friend as a closer friend (compared to an in-person friend) had significantly higher rates of loneliness and lower conscientiousness. Participants who identified a closer virtual friend viewed their friendship as closer than those with a closer in-person friend. Qualitative analyses found that those who sought out virtual environments due to a lack of peers with comparable life experiences or interests found their virtual friendships to be more important and fulfilling than those who could fulfill those needs with an in-person friend. Overall, this study suggests that virtual friendships may be convenient and provide a buffer for those who struggle or cannot find similar friends, but links with loneliness suggest that the need for relatedness may not always be met when virtual friendships serve as a primary source of close friendship. These findings help facilitate a general understanding of why and how young adults find friends virtually and provide insight into the benefits and potential drawbacks of virtual friendships.
Η ΝΟΜΑΔΙΚΗ ΠΑΙΔΑΓΩΓΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ Η ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΜΕΙΟΝΟΤΙΚΩΝ ΟΜAΔΩΝ
Authors: Σκαρβελάκης Βασίλης
Published: April 2024

Σκοπός αυτής της έρευνας, λοιπόν, είναι να διερευνήσει μέσω της βιβλιογραφίας και μέσω θεματικής ανάλυσης, αλλά και εννοιολογικής και ανάλυσης μέσω νοητικών χαρτών, αν και πώς μπορεί η νομαδική παιδαγωγική να προσφέρει βέλτιστες λύσεις, σε προβλήματα που σήμερα μαστίζουν το σχολείο, και τα οποία έχουν την απαρχή τους στη σχολική διαρροή.
Nhân tố tác động đến việc làm của sinh viên sau khi tốt nghiệp chuyên ngành Tài chính, Ngân hàng và Kế toán tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Anh Chu Thúy , Trung Tran Thanh
Published: April 2024

Corresponding Author: Chu Thúy Anh - Email: Anhct@huit.edu.vn. The factors influencing the employability of graduate students majoring in Finance, Banking, and Accounting in Ho Chi Minh City.The objective of this study is to examine the impact of factors influencing the employability of graduate students majoring in Finance, Banking, and Accounting at universities in Ho Chi Minh City, based on the theories of service quality evaluation, expectancy-perception theory, and previous research. Through a survey of 562 students in Ho Chi Minh City, the research results reveal three groups of factors, including six positively influential factors on the employability of graduate students majoring in finance, banking, and accounting, namely: Professional skills; Specialized knowledge; Language proficiency; Training programs; University brand; and Work ethic.
Η ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΦΥΣΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΤΑΣΤΡΟΦΩΝ ΣΤΑ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΑ ΔΕΞΙΟΤΗΤΩΝ
Authors: Σκαρβελάκης Βασίλης
Published: April 2024

Research on the curriculum of the experience of teaching of Natural disasters in the Laboratory of Skills subject in Greek Second grade Secondary school
Development and Validation of the Trans and Nonbinary Affirming Parental Practices (TAPP) Measure
Authors: Matsuno Em , Huynh Kiet , Abreu Roberto
Published: April 2024

Parental support is instrumental in protecting the mental health of trans and nonbinary youth (TNB). Yet, minimal measures exist that measure parental support, and current measures typically measure parental attitudes or general perceptions of supportiveness rather than measuring specific TNB affirming behaviors. This study aimed to fill this gap by developing and validating the Trans and nonbinary Affirming Parental Practices (TAPP) scale. The scale items were developed based on existing psychological literature on TNB affirming parenting behaviors as well as adapting existing measures. The sample consisted of 570 parents or caregivers of TNB youth ages 5 – 27 (M = 15). The vast majority of participants were white (90%) and cisgender women (92%). The sample was randomly split to conduct both EFA and CFA. Factor analysis found good fit for a four-factor structure with 14 items. Each subscale represented a type of TNB affirming parental behavior: communicating support, affirming language, advocating for their TNB child, and seeking affirming resources. The measure demonstrated invariance with both heterosexual participants and participants with minoritized sexual identities and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. The TAPP can be useful in intervention research aimed at increasing TNB affirming behaviors among parents and caregivers of TNB youth.
Methods of Research on Depth of Processing for Written Corrective Feedback: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fujisawa Yoko , Doi Atsushi , Shintani Natsuko
Published: April 2024

This review employed a scoping review approach to synthesize studies published between 2015 and 2024, focusing on the depth of processing (DoP) of written corrective feedback (WCF) in second language (L2) writing. The objective was to identify trends and issues in the research methods employed in this area. The publications were extracted from Google Scholar using three keywords. After screening with coding criteria, 15 studies were identified from an initial pool of 1,850 published studies. Our review suggests that most of the selected studies were conducted in university settings and compared different types of WCF as independent variables, with DoP and accuracy as dependent variables. To measure DoP, the two primary methods adopted were think-aloud protocols (TA) and written languaging (WL). The levels of DoP varied across the studies, ranging from two to five. Several gaps in the existing DoP studies were identified and discussed, providing recommendations for future research.
Effect LinkedIn Automation: An Analysis of LinkedIn Marketing Automation with use of low- and no-code tools
Authors: Froolik Alderd J.
Published: April 2024

This study delves into LinkedIn marketing automation, utilizing low- and no-code tools like Make.com to save significant time in posting and enhance engagement metrics on both personal and corporate pages. Automation demonstrated not only efficiency but also effectiveness in personal branding and corporate visibility, with potential future applications including AI-driven interaction and network expansion through the LinkedIn API. The research highlights automation's transformative potential in digital marketing, promising streamlined workflows, heightened engagement, and increased number of connections. It paves the way for innovative, highly personalized marketing strategies, revolutionizing professional networking on LinkedIn through strategic automation and AI integration.
Donate To Help Us Fight Back: Political Fundraising and Toxic Rhetoric Online
Authors: Kim Seo-young Silvia , Zilinsky Jan , Brew Brian
Published: April 2024

Political candidates utilize social media to mobilize supporters, persuade voters, and raise money. However, little is known about the structure of mass electoral appeals when donors are the primary target instead of voters. Because candidates' donors and voters can differ significantly, with donors more partisan and ideologically extreme on average, we theorize that candidates use strategic rhetoric tailored to specific audiences. To analyze how campaigns perceive and target their "financial electorate," we leverage data from the Facebook Ad Library for 2020 U.S. congressional candidates and distinguish political ads by their persuasion targets. Using text analysis, we test the hypotheses that donor-targeting messages are more toxic, negative, and likely to reference a polarizing president than voter-targeting messages. The results support our hypotheses, and Republican candidates, on average, used more toxic language than their Democratic counterparts. As campaigns' scramble for donations intensifies, these characteristics of fundraising appeals may further polarize the electorate.
Linking the oxygen-17 compositions of water and carbonate reference materials using infrared absorption spectroscopy of carbon dioxide
Authors: Chaillot Justin , Kassi Samir , Clauzel Thibault , Pesnin Marie , Casado Mathieu , Landais Amaëlle , Daëron Mathieu
Published: April 2024

Joint measurements of the 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios of carbonate minerals and waters are increasingly used to investigate various geochemical, physical and biological processes. Diverse analytical methods, each of them technically challenging in one way or another, have been developed or refined in recent years to measure oxygen-17 anomalies (Δ17O) with instrumental precisions of 10 ppm or better. A critical underpinning of all these methods is how the international carbonate reference materials currently anchoring the VPDB 18O/16O scale are linked to the primary VSMOW-SLAP scale in (18O/16O, 17O/16O) space. For now, however, substantial systematic discrepancies persist between different groups and methods, even after all measurements are nominally standardized to VSMOW-SLAP. Here we take advantage of VCOF-CRDS, a novel spectroscopic method combining the ease and simplicity of near-infra-red absorption measurements in pure CO2 with metrological performance competitive with state-of-the-art IRMS techniques, to precisely characterize, based on previously reported equilibrium fractionation factors between water and CO2, the relative triple oxygen isotope compositions of international water standards (VSMOW2, SLAP2, GRESP) and CO2 produced by phosphoric acid reaction of carbonate standards (NBS18, NBS19, IAEA603, IAEA610, IAEA611, IAEA612). The robustness of our results derives from the demonstrated linearity of our measurements (RMSE ≈ 1 ppm), but also from the fact that, when equilibrated with or converted to CO2, all of these reference materials yield analytes with closely comparable oxygen-18 compositions. In light of these observations, we revisit potential causes of the large inter-laboratory discrepancies reported so far. Collectively reconciling the different types of measurements constraining the relative 17O/16O ratios of the two standards most often used to normalize carbonate analyses (NBS18, IAEA603) is a matter of high priority.
Rapid earthquake-tsunami modeling: The multi-event, multi-segment complexity of the 2024 Mw 7.5 Noto Peninsula Earthquake governs tsunami generation
Authors: Kutschera Fabian , Jia Zhe , Oryan Bar , Wong Jeremy Wing Ching , Fan Wenyuan , Gabriel Alice-Agnes
Published: April 2024

The January 1st, 2024, moment magnitude (Mw) 7.5 Noto Peninsula earthquake ruptured in complex ways, challenging timely analysis of the tsunami generation. We present rapid and accurate tsunami models informed by a 6-subevent centroid moment tensor (CMT) model that we obtain by inverting teleseismic and strong motion data and validation against geodetic observations. We identify two distinct bilateral rupture episodes, including six subevents and a re-nucleation episode at its hypocenter 20 seconds after its initiation, likely aided by fault weakening. We construct a complex uplift model that aligns with known fault system geometries and is critical in modeling the observed tsunami. Our tsunami simulation can explain wave amplitude, timing, and polarity of the leading wave, which are crucial for tsunami early warning. Analyzing a 2000 multi-CMT solution ensemble and comparing to alternative rapid source models, we highlight the importance of incorporating complex source effects for realistic tsunami simulations.
An Automated Machine Learning Approach to Inkjet Printed Component Analysis: A Step Toward Smart Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Sahu Abhishek , Aaen Peter H. , Damacharla Praveen
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a machine learning based architecture for microwave characterization of inkjet printed components on flexible substrates. Our proposed architecture uses several machine learning algorithms and automatically selects the best algorithm to extract the material parameters (ink conductivity and dielectric properties) from on-wafer measurements. Initially, the mutual dependence between material parameters of the inkjet printed coplanar waveguides (CPWs) and EM-simulated propagation constants is utilized to train the machine learning models. Next, these machine learning models along with measured propagation constants are used to extract the ink conductivity and dielectric properties of the test prototypes. To demonstrate the applicability of our proposed approach, we compare and contrast four heuristic based machine learning models. It is shown that eXtreme Gradient Boosted Trees Regressor (XGB) and Light Gradient Boosting (LGB) algorithms perform best for the characterization problem under study.
Multi-objective optimisation of vapour-compression refrigeration systems using Microsoft Excel
Authors: El-Awad Mohamed Musadag , Al-Saidi Mohammad Saif
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a methodology for using a general-purpose spreadsheet application, which is Microsoft Excel, as an effective modelling platform for multi-objective optimisation analyses of vapour-compression refrigeration (VCR) systems. Since Excel itself does not provide functions for determining the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants, the VBA programming language that comes with Microsoft applications has been used for developing such functions for various conventional and alternative refrigerants. The other limitation of Excel regarding the intended purpose is that the solver that comes with it (Frontline’s Solver) is not suitable for multiobjective analyses. Fortunately, the developers of the MIDACO solver have made a limited version of this multi-objective solver available for Excel users for free. The paper demonstrates the capability of Excel with these additional capabilities for exergetic, economic, and environmental (3E) analyses of VCR systems by considering a simple system with the environment-friendly R-152a as the refrigerant.
The primacy of the inner self in decision-making preferences across cultures
Authors: Grossmann Igor , Rudnev Maksim , Lopez Wilmer G. Ancon , Atari Mohammad , Barr Kelli , Bencherifa Abdellatif , Buckwalter Wesley , Clancy Rockwell F. , Dahua German Cuji , Dahua Norberto Cuji , Deguchi Yasuo , Dorfman Anna , Fabiano Emanuele , Guennoun Badr , Halamova Julia , Hashimoto Takaaki , Homan Joshua , Kanovský Martin , Karasawa Kaori , Kim Hackjin , Kiper Jordan , Lee Minha , Liu Xiaofei , Mitova Veli , nair rukmini bhaya , Pantovic Ljiljana , Porter Brian , Quintanilla Pablo , Reijer Josien , Romero Pedro P. , Sato Yuri , Singh Purnima , Tber Salma , Wilkenfeld Daniel A. , Yi Lixia , Stich Stephen , Barrett H. Clark , Machery Edouard
Published: April 2024

We investigated the universality versus cultural specificity of preferences for internal decision-making strategies (intuition/deliberation) over external strategies (advice from friends or crowds). Participants from samples spanning five continents (N=3,517), including Indigenous communities, considered scenarios involving personal and social decision-making. Across cultures, most participants preferred and felt better using internal strategies, although they believed their peers would seek external advice, revealing a discrepancy between personal preferences and perceived group norms. While internal strategies were generally favored in each culture, the magnitude of internal endorsement varied: individualists and those with a higher need for cognition favored internal strategies more, whereas collectivists and those with an outsider view reflective style favored them somewhat less. These findings challenge the traditional view of non-Western cultures as predominantly advice-following and have implications for understanding the interplay between individual and social learning, and for the design of decision-support systems in different societies.
SAS-1: A single-item version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale
Authors: Olson Jay A. , Langer Ellen J. , Martin Loren
Published: April 2024

The digital age has brought increasing concern about the negative effects of smartphone use, which has led to dozens of measures of smartphone addiction. Almost all of these measures, however, may be too long for contexts such as large-scale surveys. Here, we introduce a single-item measure that probes agreement with the statement: ‘I am addicted to my smartphone’. Across 10,786 participants aged 5 to 89 from 149 countries, 37% agreed or strongly agreed with this statement. Their agreement strongly correlated (r = .65 to .70) with scores on the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), the most widely used scale in the field. Younger women had the highest scores on both measures and tended to somewhat underestimate their addiction on the single-item scale. Overall, our results suggest that most people have an accurate self-assessment of their smartphone addiction. This new 1-item scale (SAS-1) can therefore serve as a brief measure of smartphone addiction when space is limited.
Pseudo Factor Analysis of Language Embedding Similarity Matrices: New Ways to Model Latent Constructs
Authors: Guenole Nigel , D'Urso E. Damiano , Samo Andrew , Sun Tianjun
Published: April 2024

This article builds on recent work using Large Language Models (LLMs) in psychometrics and, in particular, the use of sentence transformer models to generate pseudo-discrimination parameters. Pseudo-discrimination parameters are discrimination estimates that correlate with empirical discrimination parameters without needing empirical data collection. While earlier work looked at pseudo-discrimination on an item-by-construct basis, we introduce and evaluate the use of pseudo-factor analysis. Pseudo-factor analysis is a model-based approach to generating latent construct measurement model parameters, such as the number of construct dimensions and the relations between factors and their indicators. Like pseudo-discrimination, pseudo-factor analysis does not require response data. The approach involves factor analyzing the matrix of cosine similarities amongst scale (or item) language embeddings. Across two studies that used a variety of transformer models and three encoding approaches (atomic, atomic reversed, and one-pop), pseudo-factor analyses for the NEO and HEXACO personality inventories showed theoretically expected structures and these pseudo factor structures were strongly related to their established empirical factor structures. We provide a Python Shiny application for calculating pseudo-factor analysis discrimination parameters and related psychometric estimates.
The capacity limits of mental simulation
Authors: Balaban Halely , Ullman Tomer David
Published: April 2024

People have severe capacity limits when they track objects in direct perception. But how many objects can people track in their imagination? In eight pre-registered experiments (N=277 total), we examined the capacity limits of mentally simulating the movement of objects in the mind's eye. In a novel Imagined Objects Tracking task, we had participants continue the motion of animated objects in their mind up to a pre-defined point. When tracking one object in the imagination (Experiment 1a), participants gave estimations well in line with ground truth. But, when imagining two objects (Experiment 1b), behavior altered substantially: responses when tracking two objects in the imagination were fit best by the predictions of a Serial Model that simulates only one object at a time, as opposed to a Parallel Model that simulates objects in tandem. The serial bottleneck is not due to response/motor limitations (Experiment 2), and is reduced - but not eliminated - by adding extremely strong grouping cues (Experiment 3). Additional studies validate that the serial effect is not due to noise, exists in both realistic and hyper-simplified physics, is unaffected by motivation, and is found also for naturalistic occlusion (Experiments S1-S4). Altogether, we find that the capacity of moving entities in the imagination is likely restricted to a single object at a time.
Infectious crystalline keratopathy: A case series
Authors: Mohan Shalini , Sahai Kunal , Gupta Vinita
Published: April 2024

This is the case series of three patients of infectious crystalline keratopathy (ICK) presented to us after undergoing penetrating keratoplasty between 2010 to 2020. The lesions showed classical crystalline patterns and clinical diagnosis was made. The patients were treated by broad spectrum antibiotics till the complete resolution of the lesions. The cases highlight the clinical features, diagnosis and management of this rare and resistant disease.
Demography, indications and outcome of descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Leena , Joshi Leesha Shrestha , Rana Rachana Singh , Gurung Reeta
Published: April 2024

Background:
Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) is performed for corneal endothelial pathology. It had gained popularity over penetrating keratoplasty (PK) because of better outcome.
Methods: 
Retrospective data was collected from records of patients who underwent DSAEK from 2005 to 2019. Demography, indications and post-operative complications of DSAEK were analyzed. Outcome was measured in terms of graft clarity and vision.
Results:
93 eyes of 86 patients had undergone DSAEK in the study period of 15 years. Average age of the patients was 61.0 years. 55.9% were female. The common indications for DSAEK were cataract surgery related bullous keratopathy (n=47, 50.5%), Fuchs dystrophy (n=22, 23.6%) and failed graft (n=11, 11.8%). 8.6% of surgeries had graft detachment and 5.3% had pupillary block in the early post-operative period. Outcome analysis was done for cases (n=80) which had follow-up duration of at least 2 months (range: 2 months to 11 years; average: 28.5 months).Endothelial rejection occurred in 8 cases (10.0%), 5 of which regained graft clarity after treatment. At the last follow-up visit, 23.8% (n=19) of grafts had failed, which was mostly due to endothelial failure (n=16); 3 grafts failed due to infective keratitis. 42.5% (n=34) acquired best corrected vision of 6/18 or better. The average astigmatic error was 1.6 Diopter Cylinder by refraction.
Conclusion:
DSAEK showed good outcome with our results comparable to other studies. It had replaced traditional PK in our institute for endothelial dysfunction. Surgeons in the country should be encouraged and trained to do the procedure.
MASK REGION CONVOLUTION NEURAL NETWORK WITH DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM FOR INTELLIGENT DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS FRESHNESS
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Adnan Shandookh Rafah , M Salman Tariq ,   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, H. Miry Abbas ,   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: April 2024

Fruits are considered a significant agricultural crop used in numerous fields. Freshness is a key fruit quality characteristic that has a direct impact on consumers' physical health and purchasing intentions. Additionally, it plays a vital role in determining market pricing. Therefore, rapid automatic classification was used to ensure the quality of the fruits. The current work uses a deep learning-based algorithm to classify fruit freshness. This study demonstrates how to classify fruits into (Apples, Bananas, and Oranges) and determine whether they are fresh or rotten using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and MASK Region Convolution Neural Network (RCNN) with instance segmentation. First, gather images of fresh and rotten fruits (Apple, Banana, and Orange) then apply image enhancement and Discrete Wavelet Transform on the collected images then label them using make sense label. The experiment results after training show that the suggested algorithm in the classification of fruits is effective with a 99% accuracy rate.
PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED SUBBASE MATERAILS BY GEOCELL AS A BASE LAYER UPOVE WEAK SUBGRADE
Authors: Sahib Banyhussan Qais , Adnan Hassan Hanan , Jawad Kadhum Ali
Published: April 2024

Over the past few decades, research has focused on the use of geocells and techniques for strengthening poor soils, particularly those used in pavement and foundation engineering .The current study looks at the behavior of an unpaved road on top of a soft clay layer reinforced with a single layer of geocell positioned at the subgrade/subbase interface. A geocell-reinforced laboratory model is exposed to repeated load employing cycle load. In a large testing box (1000mm*1000mm*1000mm), unreinforced and reinforced subbase over soft subgrade were built. The test findings demonstrate that utilizing a geocell reinforcement layer causes a rise in the number of cycles and stress distribution, as well as a decrease in displacement on the soft subgrade surface on the reinforced models compared to the equivalent unreinforced one, for the same rutting value (85mm). The rate of increase in failure time about (79, 69.1, 61) % for 150, 230 and 300 mm thickness respectively. So far, investigations have indicated that geocell reinforcement reduces the vertical loads transported towards weak subgrades by roughly the redaction rate of maximum vertical stress at interface about (15.5, 14.7, 8.1) % for (150,230,300) mm subbase thickness respectively.
NON-ORTHOGONAL MULTIPLE ACCESS SCHEMES SURVEY: AN OVERVIEW OF NON-ORTHOGONAL MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, k. mahmood Sarab , Nazar Basma ,   Electrical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, M. Hathal Hussein ,   Electrical Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad
Published: April 2024

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a promising technology that can significantly improve the performance of wireless communication systems, especially in applications with a high number of users and limited spectral resources. NOMA enables simultaneous transmission and reception of multiple signals at the same time and frequency resources. NOMA can be implemented using different methods, including Power Domain NOMA (PD-NOMA) and Code Domain NOMA (CD-NOMA). The implementation of NOMA requires advanced signal processing techniques and can be challenging in some scenarios. However, with the advancement of technology, NOMA is becoming more practical and is expected to play a significant role in the future of wireless communication systems. This paper will discuss what NOMA and NOMA schemes are. These schemes will be compared in terms of their benefits and drawbacks, and it will be explained which one performs better.
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF TWO-WAY COOPERATIVE DCSK SYSTEM USING GROUPING SUBCARRIER-PERMUTATION INDEX MODULATION
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Nazar Basma , Sahib Hasan Fadhil ,   Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes a new two-way half-duplex cooperative communication system based on a new chaotic modulation scheme called Joint Grouping Subcarrier-Permutation Index Modulation-based Differential Chaos Shift Keying (GSPIM-DCSK) in order to enhance its energy efficiency, data rate, and BER-performance. GSPIM-DCSKI utilizes a permutation index to load additional data bits, and the input bits are divided into groups that contain carrier, permutation, and modulated bits. The active and within each group are selected based on carrier index bits. The energy and spectral efficiency of the GSPIM-DCSKI systems are evaluated and compared to GSIM-DCSKI. The performance of the new schemes is evaluated by calculating the bit error rate (BER) under different channel conditions. Finally, the BER performance of the new cooperative system using GSPIM-DCSKI is compared to a traditional cooperative system using DCSK and proves that the new cooperative system has a better performance than the traditional one in different channels. Simulation results show that at the multipath Rayleigh fading channel the proposed cooperative system gained SNR about 3 dB at a BER level of 10^(-3) at than the traditional one and this gain is increased to equal 4 Db when p2=4.