bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, light-emitting-diode photobiomodulation and ozone therapy in regenerative treatment of stage III/IV grade C periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Cetiner Deniz Ozbay , Isler Sila Cagri , Ilikci-Sagkan Rahsan , Sengul Janset , Kaymaz Ozlem , Corekci Ahu Uraz
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To assess the short-term efficacy of multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), light-emitting-diode (LED) photobiomodulation, and topical ozone therapy applications following surgical regenerative treatments on clinical parameters, patient-centered outcomes, and mRNA expression levels of VEGF, IL-6, RunX2, Nell-1, and osterix in gingival crevicular fluid samples in patients with stage III/IV, grade C periodontitis.

Materials and methods

Forty-eight systemically healthy patients were assigned into four groups to receive adjunctive modalities with regenerative periodontal surgical treatment. A 970 ± 15 nm diode laser plus indocyanine-green for aPDT group, a 626 nm LED for photobiomodulation group, and topical gaseous ozone were applied at 0, 1, 3, and 7 postoperative days and compared to control group. The clinical periodontal parameters, early wound healing index (EHI), and postoperative patients’ morbidity were evaluated. The mRNA levels of biomarkers were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

No significant difference in the clinical parameters except gingival recession (GR) was identified among the groups. For group-by-time interactions, plaque index (PI) and probing pocket depths (PD) showed significant differences (p = 0.034; p = 0.022). In sites with initial PD > 7 mm, significant differences were observed between control and photobiomodulation groups in PD (p = 0.011), between control and aPDT, and control and photobiomodulation groups in CAL at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.007; p = 0.022). The relative osterix mRNA levels showed a statistically significant difference among the treatment groups (p = 0.014).

Conclusions

The additional applications of aPDT and LED after regenerative treatment of stage III/IV grade C periodontitis exhibited a more pronounced beneficial effect on clinical outcomes in deep periodontal pockets.
Progress of waste management in achieving UK’s net-zero goal
Authors: Zandieh Zeinab , Thornley Patricia , Chong Katie
Published: July 2024

The net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions strategy aims to avoid emissions from all economic sectors by 2050. Although the reduction of GHGs has been considered an urgent issue in all industrial divisions, there are still gaps in climate change mitigation strategies and policies in other sectors, such as waste, accounting for 3–5% of GHG emissions generation which are emitted from landfills, waste transport, waste treatment processes, and incinerators (Clark et al. in Nat Clim Chang 6:360–369, 2016; Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai AP, Connors C P, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R., and Matthews TKM, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds) (2021) Climate Change 2021: the physical science basis. editor, contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;). Waste management is a worldwide issue related to the circular economy. The share of the waste sector in the UK for GHG emissions generation is 3.7% in 2021, and landfills are responsible for 70% of the emissions (Rogelj et al. in Nat Clim Chang 591:365–368, 2021). Therefore, a new approach to waste management and disposal strategies is crucial. This paper reviews the key elements and challenges involved in waste management systems, specifically in the UK, including policy and legislation, infrastructure, and technological advancements. The review offers a clear summary of the application of circularity waste management strategies, focusing on the UK’s goal to achieve the net-zero target. This review found that to reach the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and 2050 net-zero goals, the existing waste management hierarchy is no longer appropriate for the global and national setting. The metrics in waste management in the context of the circular economy should be aligned with the optimization of using resources, waste minimization, and increasing product life cycle by considering environmental impacts. Therefore, the circular model can be deployed instead of the hierarchy concepts.

Graphical abstract
Novel recycling technologies and safety aspects of lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles
Authors: Pigłowska Marita , Kurc Beata , Fuć Paweł , Szymlet Natalia
Published: July 2024

The prevalent use of lithium-ion cells in electric vehicles poses challenges as these cells rely on rare metals, their acquisition being environmentally unsafe and complex. The disposal of used batteries, if mishandled, poses a significant threat, potentially leading to ecological disasters. Managing used batteries is imperative, necessitating a viable solution. The remedy lies in implementing robust battery recycling systems. This paper explores diverse disposal methods, particularly focusing on their relevance within the automotive industry, while also acknowledging other potential applications. By adopting a closed-loop approach, this system not only addresses the waste issue but also circumvents environmental costs linked to the extraction and production of new raw materials. Consequently, it not only resolves waste concerns but also mitigates environmental strain and conserves resources. It was described the use of used batteries as energy storage devices. This is an innovative approach to extend battery life cycle, reduce waste and provide cost-effective energy storage solutions. This practice is particularly important for large-scale energy storage systems, such as those used in conjunction with renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy. The work pays significant attention to battery thermal regimes, which refer to the various temperature conditions in which batteries operate. These systems significantly impact battery performance, lifespan, safety and efficiency. Understanding and managing these thermal regimes is critical to optimizing the use of batteries in a variety of applications, including electric vehicles, portable electronics and renewable energy storage.

Graphical Abstract
Summary of the National Cancer Institute 2023 Virtual Workshop on Medical Image De-identification—Part 1: Report of the MIDI Task Group - Best Practices and Recommendations, Tools for Conventional Approaches to De-identification, International Approaches to De-identification, and Industry Panel on Image De-identification
Authors: Clunie David , Prior Fred , Rutherford Michael , Moore Stephen , Parker William , Kondylakis Haridimos , Ludwigs Christian , Klenk Juergen , Lou Bob , O’Sullivan Lawrence , Marcus Dan , Dobes Jiri , Gutman Abraham , Farahani Keyvan
Published: July 2024

De-identification of medical images intended for research is a core requirement for data-sharing initiatives, particularly as the demand for data for artificial intelligence (AI) applications grows. The Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology (CBIIT) of the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened a virtual workshop with the intent of summarizing the state of the art in de-identification technology and processes and exploring interesting aspects of the subject. This paper summarizes the highlights of the first day of the workshop, the recordings, and presentations of which are publicly available for review. The topics covered included the report of the Medical Image De-Identification Initiative (MIDI) Task Group on best practices and recommendations, tools for conventional approaches to de-identification, international approaches to de-identification, and an industry panel.
TRAF6 promotes spinal microglial M1 polarization to aggravate neuropathic pain by activating the c-JUN/NF-kB signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Tiegang , Zhang Lichun , Yang Jun , Zhao Feng , Wang Yu , Ouyang Yi , Liu Jiahui
Published: July 2024

Background

The neuropathic pain with complex networks of neuroinflammatory activation severely limits clinical therapeutic research. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is associated with multiple inflammatory diseases. However, there remains confusion about the effects and mechanisms of TRAF6 in neuropathic pain.

Methods

A chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was developed to simulate neuralgia in vivo. We overexpressed or knocked down TRAF6 in CCI mice, respectively. Activation of microglia by TRAF6, the inflammatory response, and disease progression were inspected using WB, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and ELISA assays. Moreover, the mechanism of M1/M2 polarization activation of microglia by TRAF6 was elaborated in BV-2 cells.

Results

TRAF6 was enhanced in the spinal neurons and microglia of the CCI mice model compared with the sham operation group.. Down-regulation of TRAF6 rescued the expression of Iba-1. In response to mechanical and thermal stimulation, PWT and PWL were improved after the knockdown of TRAF6. Decreased levels of pro-inflammatory factors were observed in TRAF6 knockdown groups. Meanwhile, increased microglial M1 markers induced by CCI were limited in mice with TRAF6 knockdown. In addition, TRAF6 overexpression has the precise opposite effect on CCI mice or microglia polarization. We also identifed that TRAF6 activated the c-JUN/NF-kB pathway signaling; the inhibitor of c-JUN/NF-kB could effectively alleviate the neuropathic pain induced by upregulated TRAF6 in the CCI mice model.

Conclusion

In summary, this study indicated that TRAF6 was concerned with neuropathic pain, and targeting the TRAF6/c-JUN/NF-kB pathway may be a prospective target for treating neuropathic pain.

Graphical Abstract
Electro-generating Cu2+ ions based on electrochemically modified CPE for the determination of malathion pesticide using valid SW-ASV method
Authors: Moharram Youssef Ibrahim , El-Hallag Ibrahim Shibl , Selim Sameh Mahmoud
Published: July 2024

This work investigates the validation of the SW-ASV method for the determination of malathion organophosphorus pesticide based on an electrochemically modified (CPE) carbon paste electrode with copper metal. The surface of the modified CPE was constructed by electrodepositing the copper layer at the accumulation step in 1-mM CuSO4.5H2O, PBS at pH 6.6, E accumulation: − 0.8 V, and Taccumulation 240 s. The determining step was performed by adding different concentrations of malathion pesticide and applying the potential toward more positive potential at (− 0.8–+ 1.4 V) to enhance the oxidation of Cu0 metal. It was noticed that the malathion concentration gradient enhances the oxidation peak current of copper at + 0.03 V gradually. SW-ASV method validation was performed at a linearity range confined in (1–10 µM). An analytical curve was constructed and R2 was equal to 0.99995 with good fitted linear relationship. LOD and LOQ were calculated to be 0.0247 and 0.08236 µM, respectively. ANOVA for two sets of measurements using the standard gas chromatographic method and the suggested SW-ASV method was demonstrated via the calculations of F-value and t-value. F and t-values were calculated to be 1.698 and 0.289, respectively, which did not exceed the tabulated F and t-values resulting in the great similarity of results and ensuring the reliability of the suggested test method. This valid SW-ASV method was used to perform the routine analysis of the 95% technical grade and the pesticide formulation 57% emulsion concentrate of the malathion. Valid results were achieved with satisfactory limits of accuracy and precision.

Graphical abstract
Improving change of direction in male football players through plyometric training: a systematic review
Authors: Jimenez-Iglesias Jose , Owen Adam L. , Cruz-Leon Carolina , Campos-Vázquez Miguel Angel , Sanchez-Parente Sandra , Gonzalo-Skok Oliver , Cuenca-Garcia Magdalena , Castro-Piñero Jose
Published: July 2024

Background

High-intensity actions have gained increasing significance in contemporary football. Among these actions, the spotlight shines on the enhancement of change of direction (COD) speed. Several training methods have been employed to elevate this skill in football players, with plyometric training (PT) being one of the viable approaches. The objective of this review is to identify the diverse variables crucial for implementing an optimal PT regimen aimed at enhancing COD speed in football players.

Design

A systematic examination was conducted involving previously published original experimental studies featuring control groups, the utilization of PT as a training modality, and the evaluation of one or multiple instances of COD in football players.

Method

A systematic search was conducted on March 13, 2023, encompassing the MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. The quest was aimed at locating studies that incorporated control groups, adopted PT as a training methodology, and measured one or multiple COD scenarios, with studies being published in either English or Spanish.

Results

A total of 34 studies were encompassed in this systematic review. Remarkably, with the exception of one, all the studies exhibited enhancements in COD performance through qualitative assessments when employing PT. It appears that PT, when used in isolation, is not outperformed by PT combined with another training method in the context of enhancing COD speed, provided that the overall training load remains unchanged.

Conclusion

To improve COD speed in football players, a PT program spanning 6–9 weeks, featuring two weekly sessions with a 48 to 72-h rest interval between sessions, is advisable. The program should include 1–6 exercises that incorporate both unilateral and bilateral executions across various planes, performed at maximum intensity. Additionally, rest intervals between sets should range from 60 to 90 s, and the number of contacts should be increased by 60–200.
Boosting working memory in the elderly: driving prefrontal theta–gamma coupling via repeated neuromodulation
Authors: Diedrich Lukas , Kolhoff Hannah I. , Bergmann Clara , Bähr Mathias , Antal Andrea
Published: July 2024

The escalating global burden of age-related neurodegenerative diseases and associated healthcare costs necessitates innovative interventions to stabilize or enhance cognitive functions. Deficits in working memory (WM) are linked to alterations in prefrontal theta–gamma cross-frequency coupling. Low-intensity transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has emerged as a non-invasive, low-cost approach capable of modulating ongoing oscillations in targeted brain areas through entrainment. This study investigates the impact of multi-session peak-coupled theta–gamma cross-frequency tACS administered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on WM performance in older adults. In a randomized, sham-controlled, triple-blinded design, 77 participants underwent 16 stimulation sessions over six weeks while performing n-back tasks. Signal detection measures revealed increased 2-back sensitivity and robust modulations of response bias, indicating improved WM and decision-making adaptations, respectively. No effects were observed in the 1-back condition, emphasizing dependencies on cognitive load. Repeated tACS reinforces behavioral changes, indicated by increasing effect sizes. This study supports prior research correlating prefrontal theta–gamma coupling with WM processes and provides unique insights into the neurocognitive benefits of repeated tACS intervention. The well-tolerated and highly effective multi-session tACS intervention among the elderly underscores its therapeutic potential in vulnerable populations.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Unrooted 3-Leaf Trees: An Analytic Solution for the CFN Model
Authors: Hill Max , Roch Sebastien , Rodriguez Jose Israel
Published: July 2024

Maximum likelihood estimation is among the most widely-used methods for inferring phylogenetic trees from sequence data. This paper solves the problem of computing solutions to the maximum likelihood problem for 3-leaf trees under the 2-state symmetric mutation model (CFN model). Our main result is a closed-form solution to the maximum likelihood problem for unrooted 3-leaf trees, given generic data; this result characterizes all of the ways that a maximum likelihood estimate can fail to exist for generic data and provides theoretical validation for predictions made in Parks and Goldman (Syst Biol 63(5):798–811, 2014). Our proof makes use of both classical tools for studying group-based phylogenetic models such as Hadamard conjugation and reparameterization in terms of Fourier coordinates, as well as more recent results concerning the semi-algebraic constraints of the CFN model. To be able to put these into practice, we also give a complete characterization to test genericity.
Board gender diversity and cash holding: the effect of family ties
Authors: Fleitas-Castillo Gema del C. , Pérez-Alemán Jerónimo , Santana-Martín Domingo Javier
Published: July 2024

Using a sample of 630 firm-year observations of non-financial Spanish listed companies for the period 2004–2020, this study examines linkages of family and non-family female directors and cash holding. We show that family and non-family female directors affect cash holdings differently. When the presence of family female directors is scarce, their role is eclipsed, thereby encouraging actions related to family goals and increasing cash holdings. However, when the presence of family female directors reaches a critical mass, the cohesion between the interests of the dominant family and external investors increases, thereby reducing the level of cash holdings. When the number of non-family female directors is low, the cash level of family firms is reduced, suggesting that non-family female directors encourage the family firm’s cash reduction as a result of their greater capacity to control and their orientation towards an effective corporate governance system. This cash-decreasing effect will occur even if the number of non-family female directors is low, since the purpose of appointing non-family female directors is less likely to be symbolic. In addition, non-family female directors are concerned about threats to reputational capital, such that reducing cash holdings would promote their reputation as credible supervisors, protect their current appointments, and also boost the likelihood of future appointments. However, the presence of a critical mass of non-family female directors becomes a sufficiently powerful instrument of control and legitimation for external investors, allowing for increased cash levels without increasing agency conflicts.
Assessment of Elemental Deficiency of Crossbred Dairy Cows and Mineral Composition in Natural Feed and Nutritional Supplements in the Northern and Northwestern Provinces in Sri Lanka
Authors: Clarkson Joseph W. , Ward Neil I. , Prada Joaquín M. , Tisdall David , Felipe-Sotelo Mónica , Vidanarachchi J. K. , Christian Mike , Chambers Mark Andrew
Published: July 2024

This study assessed the elemental status of cross-bred dairy cows in small holder farms in Sri Lanka, with the aim to establish the elemental baseline and identify possible deficiencies. For this purpose, 458 milk, hair, serum and whole blood samples were collected from 120 cows in four regions of Northern and Northwestern Sri Lanka, (namely Vavaniya, Mannar, Jaffna and Kurunegala). Farmers also provided a total of 257 samples of feed, which included local fodder as well as 79 supplement materials. The concentrations of As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Evaluation of the data revealed that all cows in this study could be considered deficient in I and Co (18.6–78.5 µg L−1 I and 0.06–0.65 µg L−1 Co, in blood serum) when compared with deficiency upper boundary levels of 0.70 µg L−1 Co and 50 µg L−1 I. Poor correlations were found between the composition of milk or blood with hair, which suggests that hair is not a good indicator of mineral status. Most local fodders meet dietary requirements, with Sarana grass offering the greatest nutritional profile. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess differences in the elemental composition of the diverse types of feed, as well as regional variability, revealing clear differences between forage, concentrates and nutritional supplements, with the latter showing higher concentrations of non-essential or even toxic elements, such as Cd and Pb.
Sustainable Cationic Cotton with Keratin Hydrolysate
Authors: Bulut Meliha Oktav , Akçalı Kadri
Published: July 2024

In this research work, the keratin hydrolysate was obtained from waste wool by using alkaline hydrolysis. The extracted keratin hydrolysate was treated to the cotton fabric, and then reference and treated fabrics dyed with direct dyestuffs in neutral medium without salt. It was revealed that there was improvement in treated fabric in terms of dyeability and dry crease recovery angle compared to untreated fabric and that wet fastness values and tensile strength values of treated fabric remained same compared to those of untreated fabric. The structural change of treated surfaces was confirmed by SEM, FTIR, XPS and TEM analyses.
Process window and mechanical properties for thin magnesium- and zinc-wires in dieless wire drawing
Authors: Braatz Merle , Bohlen Jan , Ben Khalifa Noomane
Published: July 2024

Due to their biodegradable properties, magnesium- and zinc-based alloys are in the focus of interest for numerous medical applications, e.g. in the form of thin wires. To achieve improved processability by using hot forming and to obtain higher diameter reductions per pass, the dieless wire drawing process is presented in this paper. In order to investigate the processability and the resulting mechanical properties, a selection of magnesium- and zinc-alloys as well as process parameters are chosen, and wire manufacturing is carried out using the dieless drawing process. The resulting process windows and mechanical properties for the selected materials are discussed. It is found that the length of the forming zone is an important indicator for the process window and the cross-sectional area reduction accuracy in the dieless wire drawing process. Furthermore, process parameter variations result in a distinct variation of the mechanical properties of the wires, whereas process temperatures close to the wire extrusion temperature result in mechanical properties similar to the as-extruded wires. Good localization of the deformation is found for forming zones of 25–75 mm length at elevated temperatures and cross-sectional area reductions of up to 30% are possible for Z1 and ZX10 in one drawing step.

Graphical Abstract
Moving beyond the rhetoric: integrating coding into the English curriculum in Australian primary schools
Authors: Woo Karen , Falloon Garry
Published: July 2024

Coding and computational thinking are being hailed as the new literacy for the twenty-first century, and have become increasingly common in schools world-wide. At the same time, the sector is facing a global shortage of technology teachers, and technology lessons are frequently being delivered by non-specialist teachers. Therefore, some have suggested integrating coding into other curricula as a practical solution for non-specialist teachers to deliver outcomes in both Digital Technologies and their own subject areas, whilst also developing general capabilities. To better understand the benefits and practicality of integrating coding into the English curriculum, we present a detailed case study of an Australian Year 5/6 classroom where students engaged in learning units integrating both Digital Technologies and English curriculum outcomes. We explored the nature of students’ interdisciplinary learning and general capabilities development through two learning units in which they coded animated narratives (CANs). We also built understanding of how non-specialist teachers in regular classrooms can develop the necessary technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) to facilitate cross-curricular learning involving coding, and at the same time, promote general curriculum capabilities. Findings challenge the commonly held assumption that integrating coding can be a universal solution to specialist staff shortages and an overcrowded curriculum, and reveal the challenges faced by non-specialist teachers and school organisations that need to be overcome for successful implementation. However, they also indicate that when these challenges are met, integrated approaches can result in interdisciplinary learning, high levels of student engagement, and provide effective environments for general capability development.
Determinants of oilseed rape-service plant intercropping performance variability across a farmers’ fields network in Western Switzerland
Authors: Bousselin Xavier , Lorin Mathieu , Valantin-Morison Muriel , Fustec Joëlle , Cassagne Nathalie , Baux Alice
Published: July 2024

The intercropping of winter oilseed rape with frost-sensitive service plants can provide a diversity of services including weed control and N supply for oilseed rape. This practice started to be adopted by farmers and has therefore become one of the most popular intercropping in Western Europe. However, in Switzerland, such intercropping leads to contrasting yields. The growth of service plants and the benefits they provide have also been found to be variable. The factors explaining these variabilities remain unclear. Our study aimed to better understand this variability under a temperate climate thanks to the regional agronomic diagnosis framework. In this study, we first investigated the main factors explaining this variability and then aimed to rank them to identify ways to better manage such intercropping systems. A network of 28 farmers’ fields planted with winter oilseed rape intercropped with service plant mixtures was studied. Farmers’ practices were diverse in terms of specific composition of the service plant mixture, pest management, and fertilization. We observed that the growth of oilseed rape and service plants in fall was highly variable. We determined that in late fall, the main drivers of the service plant mixture dry weight were specific composition of the mixture and precipitation. The introduction of buckwheat in the service plant mixture enhanced its late fall biomass. The oilseed rape grain yields ranged from 0.4 to 5.0 t ha−1 and were lower than that of the local reference in 75% of the fields. This was mainly explained by insect pest damage in spring due to a very limited use of insecticide in our field network combined with a lack of alternative pest management strategies. This work provides further elements to investigate the causes leading to the high variability we observed, together with the local observations that will benefit the farmers.
Nourishing Physical Productivity and Performance On a Warming Planet - Challenges and Nutritional Strategies to Mitigate Exertional Heat Stress
Authors: McCubbin Alan J. , Irwin Christopher G. , Costa Ricardo J. S.
Published: July 2024

Purpose of Review

Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of exposure to hot environments. This can impair health, physical performance, and productivity for active individuals in occupational and athletic settings. This review summarizes current knowledge and recent advancements in nutritional strategies to minimize the impact of exertional-heat stress (EHS).

Recent Findings

Hydration strategies limiting body mass loss to < 3% during EHS are performance-beneficial in weight-supported activities, although evidence regarding smaller fluid deficits (< 2% body mass loss) and weight-dependent activities is less clear due to a lack of well-designed studies with adequate blinding. Sodium replacement requirements during EHS depends on both sweat losses and the extent of fluid replacement, with quantified sodium replacement only necessary once fluid replacement > 60–80% of losses. Ice ingestion lowers core temperature and may improve thermal comfort and performance outcomes when consumed before, but less so during activity. Prevention and management of gastrointestinal disturbances during EHS should focus on high carbohydrate but low FODMAP availability before and during exercise, frequent provision of carbohydrate and/or protein during exercise, adequate hydration, and body temperature regulation. Evidence for these approaches is lacking in occupational settings. Acute kidney injury is a potential concern resulting from inadequate fluid replacement during and post-EHS, and emerging evidence suggests that repeated exposures may increase the risk of developing chronic kidney disease.

Nutritional strategies can help regulate hydration, body temperature, and gastrointestinal status during EHS. Doing so minimizes the impact of EHS on health and safety and optimizes productivity and performance outcomes on a warming planet.
Welche Schularten präferieren Studierende des Lehramts Sekundarschule Allgemeinbildung als Arbeitsort?
Authors: Altrichter Herbert , Weber Christoph , Soukup-Altrichter Katharina
Published: July 2024

Die Reform der österreichischen Ausbildung für das Sekundarschullehramt hat die bis dahin getrennten Studiengänge für das ‚niedere‘ und ‚höhere‘ Schulwesen in einen gemeinsamen Studiengang zusammengeführt. Damit wird die Entscheidung, welche Schulart Studierende als Einsatzort anstreben, die früher durch die Studienwahl zu Beginn des Studiums getroffen wurde, offengehalten. Dadurch ergibt sich u. a. die Frage, ob die Einsatzpräferenzen der Studierenden mit dem Bedarf der Sekundarschularten übereinstimmen.

Anhand von Längsschnittdaten zur Implementation der neuen Lehrpersonenbildung untersuchen wir erstens die Frage, welche Sekundarschularten die Studierenden als Arbeitsort anstreben. Zweitens fragen wir, ob sich jene Studierenden, die eine exklusive Präferenz für mittlere und höhere Schulen als Arbeitsort äußern, in soziodemografischen, berufs- und studienbezogenen Merkmalen von ihren Kommiliton*innen, die für den Unterricht in anderen Schularten offen sind, unterscheiden.

Frühere Studien wiesen auf eine Bevorzugung von höheren Schulen und ein Missverhältnis zwischen den Präferenzen erstsemestriger Studierender und den Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten der Sekundarstufe hin. Unsere Ergebnisse aus der Studienendphase deuten auf größere Bereitschaft, auch in anderen Schularten als in höheren Schulen zu unterrichten. Unsere Daten zeigen keine belastbaren Unterschiede in den berufsbezogenen Eingangsvoraussetzungen zwischen den ‚Präferenzgruppen‘; auch wird das fachbezogene Selbstkonzept, das jene Studierende charakterisiert, die eine exklusive Präferenz für höhere Schulen äußern, offenbar erst im Verlaufe der Studienzeit entwickelt.
Assessment of eating disorder symptoms, compulsive exercise, body dissatisfaction and depression in Swedish national team gymnasts, with a one-year follow-up
Authors: Edlund Klara , Forsberg Niklas , Källberg Henrik , Melin Anna
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore changes in symptoms of eating disorders, compulsive exercise, and depression, between two assessments 12 months apart, among elite gymnasts.

Method

Factors related to the development of mental health symptoms in male and female Swedish national team gymnasts were investigated using baseline and 1-year follow-up scores in two subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory 3; drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction, two subscales of the Compulsive Exercise Test; avoidance and rule-driven behavior and exercise for weight control, and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale-Self report (MADRS-S). Linear mixed models were used to investigate the influence of drive for thinness, exercise for weight control, avoidance and rule-driven behavior, and MADRS-S on body dissatisfaction.

Results

Body dissatisfaction increased from baseline to the follow-up assessment, while drive for thinness and depression remained stable. Symptoms of eating disorders and depression were generally low in this group of elite gymnasts at both assessments. Drive for thinness, exercise for weight control, and symptoms of depression were associated with body dissatisfaction.

Discussion

Our findings indicate that there were no significant changes over time in eating disorders and depression symptoms but significant associations with body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, we found independent effects of drive for thinness, exercise for weight control and symptoms of depression for body dissatisfaction.
Exploring the educational digital landscape in the Dominican Republic: a comparative study of competencies in different stages and socio-digital environments
Authors: Soriano-Alcantara Jesús Manuel , Guillén-Gámez Francisco D. , Ruiz-Palmero Julio
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to have a more holistic and complete vision of the digital competencies of the three main agents of the teaching–learning process (teachers, students and parents) of all educational stages, as well as the incidence of gender, territory and access to technological resources and the Internet at home. A non-quantitative and non-experimental design was used through surveys, with non-probabilistic sampling by intention and snowball method, and a sample of 1149 participants. The results show significant differences between the groups studied in the stages of Primary and Secondary Education, but not in Early Childhood Education and Higher Education, specifically between the student–teacher group, as well as for the teacher-parent group, with higher scores for teachers. In addition, a progressive increase in digital competencies was evident from Primary Education to Higher Education in students, similar in teachers but disparate in the group of parents, as well as gender and territorial disparities according to access to digital resources and the Internet at home. The results highlight the need to effectively integrate technology into the school curriculum from the earliest educational stages, as well as to provide continuous training to those groups whose skills require improvement, including subsidy initiatives for low-income families, or programs of access to computers, digital resources and the Internet in rural areas.
A distributed adaptive policy gradient method based on momentum for multi-agent reinforcement learning
Authors: Shi Junru , Wang Xin , Zhang Mingchuan , Liu Muhua , Zhu Junlong , Wu Qingtao
Published: July 2024

Policy Gradient (PG) method is one of the most popular algorithms in Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, distributed adaptive variants of PG are rarely studied in multi-agent. For this reason, this paper proposes a distributed adaptive policy gradient algorithm (IS-DAPGM) incorporated with Adam-type updates and importance sampling technique. Furthermore, we also establish the theoretical convergence rate of $$\mathcal {O}(1/\sqrt{T})$$

O
(
1
/

T

)

, where T represents the number of iterations, it can match the convergence rate of the state-of-the-art centralized policy gradient methods. In addition, many experiments are conducted in a multi-agent environment, which is a modification on the basis of Particle world environment. By comparing with some other distributed PG methods and changing the number of agents, we verify the performance of IS-DAPGM is more efficient than the existing methods.
Indirect adaptive observer control (I-AOC) design for truck–trailer model based on T–S fuzzy system with unknown nonlinear function
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Shamrooz , Bilal Hazrat , Chang Wer-jer , Yahya Abid , Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Kamangar Sarfaraz , Hussien Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Tracking is a crucial problem for nonlinear systems as it ensures stability and enables the system to accurately follow a desired reference signal. Using Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy models, this paper addresses the problem of fuzzy observer and control design for a class of nonlinear systems. The Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy models can represent nonlinear systems because it is a universal approximation. Firstly, the T–S fuzzy modeling is applied to get the dynamics of an observational system in order to estimate the unmeasurable states of an unknown nonlinear system. There are various kinds of nonlinear systems that can be modeled using T–S fuzzy systems by combining the input state variables linearly. Secondly, the T–S fuzzy systems can handle unknown states as well as parameters known to the indirect adaptive fuzzy observer. A simple feedback method is used to implement the proposed controller. As a result, the feedback linearization method allows for solving the singularity problem without using any additional algorithms. A fuzzy model representation of the observation system comprises parameters and a feedback gain. The Lyapunov function and Lipschitz conditions are used in constructing the adaptive law. This method is then illustrated by an illustrative example to prove its effectiveness with different kinds of nonlinear functions. A well-designed controller is effective and its performance index minimizes network utilization—this factor is particularly significant when applied to wireless communication systems.
On directionally nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Llorens-Fuster Enrique
Published: July 2024

In 2000, W.A. Kirk introduced the concept of directionally nonexpansive mappings. Here, we present a more comprehensive study of this class of mappings, including a fixed-point result for them. We further present a class of mappings, properly containing the directionally nonexpansive ones, for which Kirk’s theorem still holds.
The Influence of Hated Self on Relationships Between Metacognitive Beliefs, Self-Critical Rumination, Decentering and Psychopathology
Authors: Gold Hannah R. , Smout Matthew F.
Published: July 2024

Two studies explored whether Hated Self and Inadequate Self forms of self-criticism demonstrate different relationships to self-critical rumination (SCR), metacognitive beliefs, decentering and psychopathology. In study 1, 137 community participants experiencing SCR completed an online questionnaire battery. Self-hate was associated with higher SCR, stronger positive and negative metabeliefs about SCR, higher psychopathology and nonreactivity to internal experiences. Effects of Inadequate Self on psychopathology were fully mediated by SCR whereas Hated Self exerted direct effects on psychopathology alongside indirect effects via SCR. Study 2 explored whether higher self-hate attenuated the ability to detach from SCR triggers. Twenty-three participants received a single-session detached mindfulness intervention; pre-post changes in study 1 questionnaires and daily diary ratings of study 1 constructs in the week before and after the intervention were compared. Most measures improved; higher self-hate was not associated with reduced response. Although self-hate confers risk for psychopathology outside SCR, metacognitive interventions both undermine uncontrollability beliefs and facilitate decentering, so should continue to be investigated as interventions for SCR.
Exploring the impact of zoological garden visits on science learning in primary school: acknowledging and transforming prior knowledge via outdoor learning
Authors: Photo Patricia
Published: July 2024

This study explores the impact of zoological garden visits on primary school students’ science learning, aiming to understand their existing knowledge of wild animals and the transformative effects of experiential learning and outdoor learning. Drawing on insights from existing literature emphasizing the significance of aligning educational content with students’ prior knowledge and the potential benefits of real-world learning experiences, this research employs a qualitative approach. The study engages ten participants, carefully selected from three schools in Township areas of Gauteng, South Africa. Grounded in constructivist theory, the research utilizes thematic analysis to interpret patterns, themes, and underlying meanings within students’ drawings and interviews. Findings reveal a greater familiarity with domesticated species and profound emotional bonds with animals among participants. Furthermore, zoological garden visits challenge students’ preconceptions about animals, enrich their science knowledge and vocabulary, and leave significant impressions through direct animal encounters. The study recommends practical strategies for teachers to enhance science education practices, emphasizing the importance of experiential learning and fostering emotional connections with nature. While acknowledging limitations, such as its specific context and sample size, this research contributes valuable insights for teachers and policymakers aiming to promote effective science education in primary schools.
Dietary Supplementation Strategies for Improving Training Adaptations, Antioxidant Status and Performance of Volleyball Players: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hernández-Landa Ricardo E. , Lazo Milton , Salado Daniela D. , Sánchez-Almanzar Elizabeth , Cepeda-Marte Jenny L. , Zare Reza , Ali Redha Ali , Clifford Tom
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Volleyball demands high physical performance including agility, speed, endurance and muscular strength. As volleyball players explore methods to achieve efficiency in these areas, nutritional supplementation has been considered a valuable adjunct to accomplish this goal. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively explore the effects of different dietary supplementation strategies on the training adaptations, antioxidant status and performance of volleyball players.

Methods

A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and EbscoHost on 28th July 2023 and updated on 12th May 2024. Studies were included if the participants were volleyball players, taking a dietary supplement and evaluated sports-related outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's revised risk of bias tool, RoB2.

Results

The review included 19 trials investigating supplements such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), creatine,N-acetylcysteine (NAC), hydroxy-methyl-butyrate (HMB), grape seed extract (GSE), nitrate, caffeine, iron and magnesium. Outcomes including vertical jump (VJ) height, endurance, oxidative stress, cell damage, muscle strength, and anaerobic and aerobic capacity were considered. Caffeine supplementation improved VJ height and agility while creatine, BCAA, HMB and mineral supplementation may improve anaerobic performance and muscle strength without a clear positive effect on VJ height, subject to a limited number of studies on each supplement. Creatine and BCAA effects were inconsistent concerning muscle damage.

Conclusions

Among the investigated supplements, caffeine showed the most promising data to enhance physical performance and agility. NAC and GSE could improve antioxidant status. More research is needed to assess other supplements’ effectiveness in volleyball players.

Protocol Registration

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8RD9V.

Graphical Abstract
Envelopes in Banach spaces
Authors: Ferenczi V. , Lopez-Abad J.
Published: July 2024

We introduce the notion of isometric envelope of a subspace in a Banach space, establishing its connections with several key elements: (a) we explore its relation to the mean ergodic projection on fixed points within a semigroup of contractions, (b) we draw parallels with Korovkin sets from the 1970s, (c) we investigate its impact on the extension properties of linear isometric embeddings. We use this concept to address the recent conjecture that the Gurarij space and the spaces $$L_p$$

L
p

, $$p \notin 2{\mathbb {N}}+4$$

p
∉
2
N
+
4

are the only separable approximately ultrahomogeneous Banach spaces (a certain multidimensional transitivity of the action of the linear isometry group). The similar conjecture for Fraïssé Banach spaces (a strengthening of the approximately homogeneous property) is also considered. We characterize the Hilbert space as the only separable reflexive space in which any closed subspace coincides with its envelope; and we show that the Gurarij space satisfies the same property. We compute some envelopes in the case of Lebesgue spaces, showing that the reflexive $$L_p$$

L
p

-spaces are the only reflexive rearrangement invariant spaces on [0, 1] for which all 1-complemented subspaces are envelopes. We also identify the isometrically unique “full” quotient space of $$L_p$$

L
p

by a Hilbertian subspace, for appropriate values of p, as well as the associated topological group embedding of the unitary group into the isometry group of $$L_p$$

L
p

.
Large-eddy simulation of the effects of a tower structure on wind velocity and drag coefficient
Authors: Michioka Takenobu
Published: July 2024

A large-eddy simulation was implemented for the flow around a cylindrical observation tower to investigate the effects of the tower structure on wind speed and drag coefficient. The mean wind velocity accelerates above the tower because flow separation occurs at the leading edge of the top of the tower. The drag coefficient is strongly linked to the Reynolds shear stress. Above the tower, the Reynolds shear stresses change from negative to positive within the recirculation zone and return to a negative value in the latter half of the tower because of the steep velocity gradients near the top of the tower. The change in the Reynolds shear stress results in an inaccurate drag coefficient. When one anemometer is used, a location at over 10 m above the top of the tower is suitable for measuring the drag coefficient accurately. When two anemometers are used, the Reynolds shear stress can be measured more accurately. Although the effects of the tower on the drag coefficient are not entirely removed, the use of two anemometers is a promising approach to estimate the drag coefficient in a tower.

Graphical Abstract
Understanding Local Alcohol Control in Wisconsin: Building a Database of Local Municipal Alcohol Policies
Authors: Borisy-Rudin Felice F. , MacKenzie Robert , Busalacchi Maureen , Kostelac Constance
Published: July 2024

In Wisconsin, many alcohol policies are regulated at the local level. To examine the relationship between local policies, alcohol use and health outcomes, our team developed a database to collect local alcohol policies. Initial results highlight differences in how policies are defined, enforced, and made available to the public.
Opportunities in Public Health Law: Supporting Current and Future Practitioners
Authors: Etow Alexis , Johnson Rebecca
Published: July 2024

Law is a critical determinant of health that public health practitioners encounter in everyday practice. Yet most do not receive any formal public health law training. This article discusses tangible opportunities for strengthening the capacity of current and future practitioners to leverage law to advance health equity priorities.
Reclaiming Public Health Authority: Toward a Legal Framework that Centers the Public’s Health, in the Courts and Beyond
Authors: Adler Sabrina , Parmet Wendy E. , Tvrdy Linda , Bartel Sara
Published: July 2024

This paper summarizes key shifts in judicial decisions relating to public health powers during the pandemic and the implications of those decisions for public health practice. Then, it gives a preview and call for partnership in developing a legal framework for authority that guides public health to better activities, processes, and accountability in service of the public’s health.
Barriers and Opportunities for Tribal Access to Public Health Data to Advance Health Equity
Authors: Field Carrie , Price Sarah , Locklear A.C.
Published: July 2024

Public health authorities (PHAs), including Tribal nations, have the right and responsibility to protect and promote the health of their citizens. Although Tribal nations have the same need and legal authority to access public health data as any other PHA, significant legal challenges continue to impede Tribal data access.