bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology of skeletal muscles under dynamic exercise and correction with L-carnitine
Authors:   National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Khutorskaya I.А. ,   Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Shaymardanova G.F. ,   Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center, Kazan, Balashov V.P. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Abramov V.N. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Balashov A.V. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Bystrova E.V. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Evstifeeva I.A. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk
Published: November 2024

Introduction. There is paucity of information on morphological changes in skeletal muscle tissue under dynamic exercise. Data on myoprotective properties of L-carnitine are contradictory. The paper aimed to analyze ultrastructural changes in characteristic multinucleated structures of the soleus and plantaris muscles of rats under intense physical activity and the action of L-carnitine. Materials and methods. The animals were divided into three groups: 1) the control group, in which the rats that did not have physical activity; 2) the comparison group, where the rats had intense physical activity; and 3) the experimental group, where the rats received L-carnitine at a dose of 100 mg/kg and had intense physical activity. Dynamic exercise was for 21 days running and implied forced swimming “to the limit” with a load equal to 10% of body weight. Results. An electron microscopic study showed intense dynamic physical activity to lead to a number of destructive changes in the skeletal muscle tissue of both types of muscles: the appearance of intracellular and interstitial edema, the formation of invaginations, and damage to the nuclear membrane, myofibrils, and mitochondria. Preventional injection of L-carnitine reduces the severity and frequency of damage to characteristic multinucleated structures. Conclusion. The research results indicate that L-carnitine protects skeletal muscle fibers during intense physical activity. Keywords: characteristic multinucleated structures, plantaris muscle, soleus muscle, dynamic physical activity, L-carnitine
Revision of the taxonomic status of Mallomonas multiunca var. pocosinensis based on the ultrastructure of silica cell covers, Mallomonas pocosinensis comb. et stat. nov.
Authors: Ignatenko M. E. , Yatsenko-Stepanova T. N. , Gusev E. S.
Published: November 2024

The ultrastructure of the silica scales and bristles of two morphologically similar taxa, Mallomonas multiunca var. multiunca and M. multiunca var. pocosinensis, was compared. Based on the revealed differences in the morphology of scales and bristles, the taxonomic status of the species M. multiunca var. pocosinensis was revised and a new taxonomic combination, Mallomonas pocosinensis comb. stat. nov., was proposed. Аn updated description and original SEM micrographs are provided.
“Kahramanın Sonsuz Yolculuğu” Modelinin Lâmi’î’nin Vâmık u Azra Mesnevisinde Uygulanması
Authors: Fidan Mustafa , Eyvaz Güllü
Published: November 2024

Bu makalede Lâmi’î’nin yazmış olduğu “Vâmık u Azrâ” mesnevîsi, Joseph Campbell’in “Kahramanın Sonsuz Yolculuğu” isimli eserinde geçen “yola çıkış, erginlenme ve dönüş” başlıkları açısından incelenecektir. Kahramanın yolculuğu, kozmogonik çevrim içerisinde daha ölmeden karanlık dünyasından sıyrılan kahramanın aydınlanması sürecini içine alır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında her insanın doğumundan ölümüne kadar geçirmiş olduğu yaşam, kendisinin yolculuğudur. İnsan bu yolculukta iyi veya kötü birçok olayla ve durumla karşı karşıya kalır. Ona engel olarak çıkan her şey “tiran”dır. Kahramanın engeller karşısında nasıl davranacağı ise tamamen kendi iradesine bağlıdır. Joseph Campbell’e göre bu yolculukta ona yardım eden “eşik muhafızları” olacaktır. Masalsı ögelerle kahramana yardım edilmesi ise “doğaüstü güçler” tarafından gerçekleştirilir. Yardımlar olsa da birey kendi hayatının bir “kahraman”ıdır. Yaşam döngüsü içerisinde kahraman, birçok krizle karşılaşabilir. Bu krizler onun için birer “maceraya çağrı”dır. Joseph Campbell, bu döngü içerisinde yazılan bütün eserlerin bahsedilen motiflerle ele alınabileceğini ileri sürmektedir. Burada önemli olan, baştaki kahraman ile hikâyenin sonundaki kahramanın aslında aynı kişi olmamasıdır. Maceraya çağrı sonrasında birçok sınavdan geçen kahramanın değiştiği görülmektedir. Bu makalede başerkek kahraman olan Vâmık’ın Azrâ’ya olan aşkı ve karşılaştığı mücadele sonrası değişimi ele alınacaktır.
“A Continuous Opening of Life”: Perspectives on Aging Across Time, Gender, and Race
Authors: Johnson Kristen M. , Bhowmik Bidushi , Al-Khaouli Noor M. , Reischer Hollen N.
Published: November 2024

Research on narrative identity—the ongoing process of shaping and being shaped by life stories—provides rich insight into personality development and can predict psychosocial well- being. However, narratives about aging remain underexamined, limiting our understanding of narrative identity processes over the life course. We explored individuals’ narratives on aging, examining how narrative themes vary across age, gender, and race, and relate to four domains of self-reported well-being (psychological well-being, generativity, physical health, body image).We analyzed narrative scenes from 143 late midlife adults (62% women, 38% men; 58% White, 40% Black, 2% interracial/other) twice, first at mean age 60.37 (SD=0.90; n=135) and again at mean age 64.5 (SD=0.95; n=136). Participants responded to questions about stability versus change in personal identity and feelings about the aging process. We coded five narrative themes: agency, communion, closure, self-actualization, and exploratory processing.Results showed exploratory processing was the only narrative theme to increase significantly over time. Black participants scored higher than White participants on agency, self- actualization, and closure; no gender differences were found. Most narrative themes predicted well-being measures in models controlling for race. In particular, self-actualization predicted all four measures, and agency predicted all but generativity. Psychological well-being was predicted by four of five themes and physical health/fitness was predicted by three.We interpret these findings in the context of the interplay of race, gender, and master narratives, and highlight the importance of narrative identity processes to well-being in late midlife, with implications for understanding diverse aging experiences.
The Jami Formula
Authors: Jami Tareq
Published: November 2024

Cubic equations can be solved using various methods. One approach involves guessing a root, performing polynomial division, and then solving for the remaining roots. Alternatively, numerical methods such as Newton's Method can be applied. A well-known general solution is Cardano's formula, but due to its complexity, it is often impractical for widespread use. The Jami Formula, however, is a symmetric cubic root formula that, under specific conditions, allows for a simpler and more efficient way to solve the roots of a cubic equation, if the condition is met.
The Crises of Peer Review
Authors: Dunleavy Daniel J.
Published: November 2024

In a recent editorial in the Journal of Social Work Education, Parrish cautions that the field of social work is experiencing a peer review crisis. The crisis that she describes (e.g., rising manuscript submissions, few scholars accepting review invitations) points towards a crisis in the "labor" of peer review. In this brief response, I describe eight further current, or highly probable, peer review crises and offer suggestions for further reading. I close by making the case that social work should reconsider its current and past peer review practices and consider implementing and testing alternative models and strategies.
USING LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS IN SHORT TEXT TOPIC MODELING: MODEL CHOICE AND SAMPLE SIZE
Authors: Yu Shubin
Published: November 2024

This study explores the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in short-text topic modeling,comparing their performance with human evaluation and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). InStudy 1, we analyzed a dataset on chatbot anthropomorphism using human evaluation, LDA, andtwo LLMs (GPT-4 and Claude). Results showed that LLMs produced topic classifications similar tohuman analysis, outperforming LDA for short texts. In Study 2, we investigated the impact of samplesize and LLM choice on topic modeling consistency using a COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy dataset.Findings revealed high consistency (80-90%) across various sample sizes, with even a 5% sampleachieving 90% consistency. Comparison of three LLMs (Gemini Pro 1.5, GPT-4o, and Claude 3.5Sonnet) showed comparable performance, with two models achieving 90% consistency. This research demonstrates that LLMs can effectively perform short-text topic modeling in medical informatics, offering a promising alternative to traditional methods. The high consistency with small sample sizes suggests potential for improved efficiency in research. However, variations in performance highlight the importance of model selection and the need for human supervision in topic modeling tasks.
Early relational health and its impact on the developing brain – A scoping review
Authors: Zhang Lu , Liontos Daniel , Olsson Craig , Evans-Whipp Tracy , McIntosh Jennifer , Painter Felicity , Harverson Jacquelyn A. S. , Whittle Sarah
Published: November 2024

The formation of secure parent-child bonds in early life, hereto referred to as early relational health, plays a central role in healthy development. However, the evidence on how early relational health ‘gets under the skin’ to impact the developing brain remains unclear. Here we provide a scoping review of the extant literature and synthesise evidence on the link between relational health from conception to age three and subsequent brain structure, function and connectivity. Literature searches in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase databases yielded 6,960 studies. After screening, 64 studies were included in the review. Results were synthesised based on the type of relational health examined, type of imaging modality (e.g., electroencephalogram, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging), and developmental stage. We identified studies of the relationship between early relational health and brain structure, function, and connectivity that spanned from childhood to young adulthood (but not further). There was evidence for early relational health to be associated with patterns of brain activation that may reflect the experience of more positive emotions and reduced risk for psychopathology. However, few studies examined longitudinal changes in brain structure, function and connectivity. Even fewer have examined relational health beyond the mother-infant bond. Future research is needed to improve understanding of the impact of relational health on brain development, and to ascertain whether such impacts reflect a mechanism linking relational health with health and wellbeing across the lifespan.
Data Quality Literacy: A Guidebook
Authors: Liu Grace , Bordelon Bobray , Nagar Rashelle , Nguyen Uyen , Sarti Jordan , Boettcher Jennifer
Published: November 2024

The book is an edited collection based on a seven-session national forum webinar series on data quality literacy. It covers topics including evaluating data quality: challenges and competencies, quality assurance in data creation, understanding and evaluating governmental data (U.S. and International), commercial data quality issues, data quality: reproducibility and preservation, data quality: evolving employer expectations, and librarians’ role in cultivating data-literate citizens. This book is one of the deliverables of the Institute of Museum and Library Services funded project: Building Capacity of Academic Librarians in Understanding Quantitative Data, Data Quality Problems, and Evaluating Data Quality: A National Forum [RE-252357-OLS-22]. The project details and other deliverables, including the national forum recordings and knowledge briefs, are available on the project website: https://www.dataqualityliteracy.org.
The ‘trench pull’ force: constraints from elasto-plastic bending models
Authors: Sandiford Dan
Published: November 2024

Stresses transmitted through slabs are thought to provide an important component of the driving force on the trailing plates. This “net slab pull” is usually conceptualized in terms of in-plane differential stress, acting in the sense of deviatoric tension. However, an additional component of the net slab pull arises due to the pressure deficit created by plate downbending. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanics and typical magnitude of this mechanism, which is termed “trench pull.” The challenge is that because trench topography is non-isostatic, the pressure distribution cannot be treated with the lithostatic approximation that has been exploited, with much insight, in other settings. Here, the relative pressure reduction depends on the vertical distribution of horizontal gradients of the vertical shear stress. These stress gradients are denoted Q(z), and Q(z)/g can be interpreted as a pseudo-density denoted here as ρ*. The concept of the force due to gravitational potential energy differences (ΔGPE) is extended to include the effect of ρ*(z). In terms of the contribution to the ΔGPE, the distribution of ρ*(z) functions exactly like the real density – notably, there is the same dependence on the vertical center of mass. In this study, elastic and elasto-plastic models are used to investigate this problem, specifically the distribution of the vertical shear stress and its partial derivatives. A key conclusion is that the length scale over which the trench pressure deficit acts is half the mechanical thickness of the lithosphere. Based on this model, a typical trench pull force is estimated to be about 2.5 TN/m. The total topography that exists between ridges and trenches is associated with a net driving force of about 5 TN/m, enough to balance basal drag of 1 MPa, over a plate length of 5000 kilometers (km).
Guided Written Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in China: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Muyang , Zang Yinyin
Published: November 2024

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent in China, yet access to evidence-based treatments remains limited. Written Exposure Therapy (WET) offers a brief intervention option but shows high dropout rates among Chinese patients and a need for culturally informed adaptations. Guided Written Exposure (GWE) builds on WET by integrating elements from Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) and specialized components tailored for Chinese patients to enhance trauma processing and treatment engagement. This study presents the protocol for a randomized controlled trial examining the effectiveness of GWE in reducing PTSD symptoms in Chinese patients. Methods: Ninety adults aged 18–65 with PTSD or subthreshold PTSD will be randomly assigned to either GWE or minimal contact control (MCC) in a 2:1 ratio. GWE includes 5–8 online sessions over three weeks, incorporating enhanced psychoeducation, increased session frequency, and structured guidance on emotional expression to improve treatment acceptance. Primary outcomes are clinician-rated and self-reported PTSD severity, with secondary outcomes including depression and insomnia. All participants will be assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 1-month follow-up assessments, with the GWE group undergoing additional follow-ups at 3 and 6 months. Group differences over time will be analyzed using multilevel modeling. Discussion: This study evaluates GWE's effectiveness as a culturally adapted PTSD treatment for Chinese patients, expanding the evidence base for PTSD therapies in diverse populations. By addressing barriers to treatment engagement, GWE may serve as a scalable and acceptable intervention for PTSD in China, offering insights for adapting exposure therapies cross-culturally.
Analogies evolve by increasing transmission fidelity in the communication of complex information
Authors: Holding Thomas , Smaldino Paul E. , Brand Charlotte (Lotty)
Published: November 2024

Analogies are a fundamental part of our cognition and communication. Humans are also a social species with shared cultural repertoires learnt throughout our lifetimes. As such, we expect analogies to enable the learning of complex, novel information by communication that takes advantage of shared cultural information. Here, we demonstrate the plausibility of this proposal and clarify its scope through computational modelling. We first model the individual-level process of learning via analogy with access to a shared repertoire of cultural information, using NK landscapes to represent high-dimensional solution spaces for complex problems. We then analyse a model of population dynamics to consider the conditions under which analogical communication will evolve and be maintained when costly. Our analyses suggest that even when analogy use is costly in terms of both search time and memory constraints, it can nevertheless be advantageous by allowing learners to obtain high-quality solutions more efficiently and more often than those who don't learn via analogy.
Time Perception and Lived Experience in Personality Disorders: Differences Across Types, Dimensions and Severity
Authors: Sterna Anna , Sakakibara Eisuke , Moskalewicz Marcin
Published: November 2024

Background. Altered temporal experience lies at the core of various psychiatric conditions, including Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Mainstream research in psychopathology tends to explore BPD with scrutiny while neglecting other personality disorders (PD). At the same time, the dimensional approach to PD proposes looking through the disorders' subtypes and tracing lived experience-based commonalities. This study is the first to explore the temporality of PD by investigating the relationship between symptom severity and lived time and combining objectified measures of time perception with phenomenological interpretation. Methods. 63 participants of various educational backgrounds, with personality disorders (36,5% male), following ICD-10 coding diagnosed with paranoid (3.2%), borderline (41,3%), narcissistic (33,3%), avoidant (4,8%), dependent (1,6%) and unspecified (15,9%) personality disorder. Levels of personality functioning and intensity of maladaptive trait domains were controlled with Level of Personality Functioning – Brief Scale 2.0 and Personality Inventory for ICD-11, respectively, resulting in the overall sample classification as comprising 9 subclinical, 13 mild, 20 moderate, 16 severe, and 5 extremely severe conditions. Polish Short Version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (PS-ZTPI) and Cottle’s Circles Test (CT) were used to assess the temporal experience. Results. In comparison to healthy individuals, those with PD are more oriented toward past negative (4.01 vs. 2.98) and less toward past positive (2.31 vs. 7.71) and future (3.04 vs. 3.47), as measured with PS-ZTPI, their pre-reflective temporal experience as measured with CT is dominated either by the past or the future, while the present remains marginalized. BPD distinctiveness among other PD lies in higher orientation towards hedonistic present and lower orientation toward the future. While the general temporal profile of PD is independent of age and duration of hospitalization, it is related to the severity of the condition. The more severe the impairments in self-functioning, the higher the negative past perspective and pre-reflective past dominance, and the lower the positive and future perspective. The results of this study highlight temporality as an essential aspect of lived experience in PD. Lived time interplays with the level of self-disturbance and, as such, may be conceptualized phenomenologically as comprising the core of PD.
Perceived plasticity of climate-relevant behaviors and policy support among high- and lower-income individuals
Authors: Nielsen Kristian Steensen , Dablander Fabian , Debnath Ramit , Emogor Charles , Ghai Sakshi , Gwozdz Wencke , Hahnel Ulf J.J. , Hofmann Wilhelm , Bauer Jan Michael
Published: November 2024

Widespread behavior changes are essential to mitigate climate change, including adoptingimproved technologies and reducing energy-intensive activities. This study examines countryand income differences in the perceived plasticity of climate-relevant behaviors and theirconnection to climate policy support through an online survey across Denmark, India,Nigeria, and the United States (n = 4,003). In each country, 50% of participants were fromthe top 10% income group, a demographic systemically under-represented in behavioralresearch. Our findings reveal substantial heterogeneity in the perceived plasticity ofinvestment and curtailment behaviors, with higher plasticity observed in India and Nigeria.We also identify varying relationships between income and perceptions of behavioralplasticity across different behaviors and countries. Consistent with previous studies, we findpositive correlations between perceived behavioral plasticity and support for domain-matchedclimate policies. These results underscore the intricate relationships between income,perceptions of behavioral plasticity, and support for climate policies.
Human brain model for long-term memory
Authors: Zhao Duohua
Published: November 2024

Human brain, as the carrier of memory and consciousness, has become a hot topic in neuroscience research recently, the study of memory may be the hottest one. However, many questions remain unanswered, including how the information is stored and recalled; where the information is stored; how multiple engrams interact. In this article, I propose the model of long-term memory of human brain, as a hypothesis of architecture of memory in human brain. This model can answer the following questions: 1) What is architecture of long-term memory of human brain? 2) Where is the information of memory stored? 3) How is the new information integrated into the network of memory without influencing the old memory? It also can explain some questions about contextual fear conditioning (CFC) in mice, such as why engram cells can retain memory under retrograde amnesia. This model demonstrates the whole framework of neuronal network for long-term memory, and also can be used for computer modeling of neuronal network of long-term memory. This model is the foundation of brain-inspired AI.
Measuring Innovation Impact: Student Experience of Dualistic Curriculum Change
Authors: Inklaar Robert , Brand Maryse , Broekhuis Manda , Ossevoort Miriam , Voerman Liane , Vullings Daniël
Published: November 2024

This paper evaluates student experience of three complementary curriculum initiatives at a large European business school: Teaching Innovation Grants, a curriculum game and a Student Research Platform. Using broad-ranging data on course evaluations, innovation feedback, and platform usage statistics, we assess how students respond to these different approaches to educational change. Our findings reveal consistently positive student experiences across all initiatives. Teaching Innovation Grants maintain overall course quality (4.08 vs 4.12) while enabling substantial changes, with specific innovations rated highly (3.94/5). The curriculum game achieves high satisfaction (3.87/5) across several dimensions and the Student Research Platform shows strong engagement through both usage patterns and evaluations (3.92/5). These findings demonstrate that different innovation approaches can effectively serve student needs when properly implemented, providing practical insights for institutions evaluating curriculum innovation processes.
Understanding Toxic Gaming Behavior and the Use of Profanity-Laced Language Among Rural Adolescents in Baybay City, Leyte
Authors: Oliverio Sascha V.
Published: November 2024

The prevalence of toxic gaming behavior and profanity-laced language in online gaming communities has become a significant concern among adolescents in rural communities. Despite extensive research on gaming behavior in urban settings, there is a notable gap in understanding these dynamics in rural areas. This study aims to fill that gap by exploring the extent and nature of toxic behaviors and the use of offensive language among rural adolescents playing online games in Baybay City, Leyte. Through Symbolic Interactionism, this study aimed to identify the underlying factors contributing to such behaviors and their potential impacts on communication and social development. This study conducted a series of interviews, focus group discussions, and community observation to supplement the initial survey. Results showed that adolescents in rural areas are aware of their toxic behavior, but due to its normalization, do not think of it as a problem and instead see it as part of online gaming culture. This suggests the need to strengthen proper communication and improve maturity among players engaging in online games that require them to socialize.
Why Collective Music-Making is Sometimes Rare: A Study of Four Indigenous Societies
Authors: Shilton Dor , Patel Aniruddh D. , Hill Kim , von Rueden Chris
Published: November 2024

Current prominent music evolution theories suggest music evolved as a participatory group activity, whose adaptive functions were strengthening and/or signaling social cohesion. However, the prevalence of collective music-making varies substantially across societies, and in some cases is exceptionally rare. Here, we consider hypotheses for three factors which could attenuate collective music-making: diminished collective action more generally, an emphasis on musical expertise, and solo-oriented musical styles. We look at data related to these hypotheses in four societies in which collective music-making is rare: the Tsimane of lowland Bolivia, the Ache of eastern Paraguay, the Ayoreo of Bolivia and Paraguay, and the Tuvans of the Russian Republic of Tyva. Our results suggest that the scale and religiosity of collective action is the most important factor related to the overall degree of collective music-making in a culture. The effect of musical expertise was mostly limited to the dominance of shamans in religious contexts, while well-developed solo musical styles did not necessarily prevent group performance in other social settings. We also note the importance of cultural loss due to influence of invading colonial and imperial forces in diminishing indigenous forms of collective music-making. Notably, in all the cases we consider, episodes of some form of collective music-making do (or historically did) occur during important social events, a fact which supports the group-functionalist view. Our findings also point to the centrality and ubiquity of the religious function of music, and suggest this aspect of musical behavior needs to be better addressed by evolutionary theories of music.
Education for an Automated World
Authors: Ohnemus Alexander Luke
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The applications of any discipline are subject to change. The fundamentals of accounting are customs and math. Successful films are often based on classics due to relatability and interest. Business is an onslaught of other skills because it is not its own. The greatest fundamentals of engineering may be differential questions. Artificial intelligence may automatically be able to turn theories into marketable products. My film career was and is perhaps successful despite my lack of technical skills. Arts have both applications and fundamentals. Intellectuals may gain higher earning power in the future. Rationality is important to avoid self sabotage. Risk navigation is an important skill. If anyone can come up with ideas then the market may become easier to contribute to. Also available here: https://www.amazon.com/Education-Automated-World-Alexander-Ohnemus-ebook/dp/B0BPVYMCZD/ref=mp_s_a_1_25?qid=1691284366&refinements=p_27%3AAlexander+Ohnemus&s=digital-text&sr=1-25
The adequacy of tissue obtained by percutaneous needle autopsy in comparison to conventional autopsy for lung and liver tissues
Authors: Minnu Roy  , Lekshmidevi P  , Neetha Unnikrishnan  , Sankar S
Published: November 2024

Background: Autopsies are done since the olden days to study anatomy, to learn pathology, and to identify the cause of death. However, this procedure is not widely accepted due to lack of facilities, reluctancies by relatives, various religious and ethical issues, and fear of transmission of communicable diseases. Percutaneous needle autopsies have bridged these shortcomings and provide better results when done under radiological guidance.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the adequacy of tissue obtained by percutaneous needle autopsy in comparison to conventional autopsy for lung and liver tissues.
Materials and Methods: Descriptive study, done in autopsies performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Kottayam. Percutaneous needle samples are obtained from lungs and liver using surface landmarks. Samples are also obtained after opening the deceased body. After microscopic examination, adequacy is observed and morphological findings are compared.
Results: In lungs, 164 samples met the adequacy criteria and 156 samples showed similar morphological findings by both methods; in the liver 159 samples met the adequacy criteria and 151 samples showed similar morphological findings by both methods. In lungs and liver, the most common histological finding was congestion.
Conclusion: Percutaneous needle autopsies and the tissue thus obtained are adequate and comparable when compared to conventional autopsies. The findings are more comparable in diffuse lesions rather than in localized lesions.
To study and compare effect of isoflurane and sevoflurane on adult patients postoperatively under general anesthesia by measure liver function test
Authors: Vinita Rawat  , Gourab Bhaduri  , Shreya Dhir  , Sahil Yadav
Published: November 2024

Background: Effect of inhalational agents, namely, isoflurane and sevoflurane on patients having renal parameters has been explored quite often but the effect on liver function test has been rarely reviewed till date.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the pre-operative liver function of patients who underwent general anesthesia by measuring their liver function test, post-operative effects of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and comparison.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients aged between 18 and 60 years who were further divided into two groups, that is, Group 1: (Isoflurane, n=45) and Group 2: (Sevoflurane, n=45) were included in the study.
Results: The study comprised 51.1% of males and 48.9% of females, with similar distribution in either group (P>0.05). Comparison of various pre-operative parameters at 24, 48, and 72 h in isoflurane cases showed that bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), protein, albumin, globulin were found to be statistically significant but urea, creatinine, prothrombin time, and international normalized ratio were insignificant (P>0.05, NS). Comparison of pre-operative hemoglobin with that at 24, 48, and 72 h in isoflurane cases showed that mean isoflurane was 12.69±1.77 which was found to be nil within 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Comparison of various parameters at 24, 48, and 72 h in sevoflurane cases showed that pre-operative mean sevoflurane was 0.49±0.18 which was found to increase within 72 h, that is, 0.60±0.18. Similarly, SGOT was found increased from pre-operative 27.58±8.09 to 29.32±7.32, SGPT 23.29±7.02 to 26.22±6.81.
Conclusion: Inhalation agent isoflurane and sevoflurane cause significant changes in patient’s liver function test, postoperatively under general anesthesia as indicated by various liver function parameters.
A study on the functional outcome of closed reduction and K-wire fixation in the treatment of extra-articular distal radius fractures
Authors: Kaushik SB  , Jeevan Pereira  , Shenoy RM
Published: November 2024

Background: Fractures of the distal end of the radius are among the most common skeletal injuries with diverse treatment options. There is no clear consensus regarding the functional outcomes of the diverse treatment options.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate functional outcomes in distal radius fractures treated with closed reduction and K-wire fixation.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven patients (26 males and 31 females) with different types of distal radial fractures were treated. Closed reduction and K-wire fixation were performed under axillary block or general anesthesia. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Mayo Wrist Scoring System.
Results: According to the Mayo score, 50.9% (n=29) of our patients had good outcomes, 36.8% (n=21) had fair outcomes, and 12.3% (n=7) had satisfactory outcomes.
Conclusions: Closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation are inexpensive procedures that provide anatomical reduction, fracture fixation, and maintenance of reduction with an adequate method of immobilization.
Parkinsonism in a young adult after ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure for tri ventricular obstructive hydrocephalus – A case report
Authors: Mahathy SU  , Selvakumar CJ  , Hempragadish JG
Published: November 2024

This case report centers on a 19-year-old male diagnosed with tri-ventricular obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis. Following a right ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt procedure, the patient initially exhibited marked improvement but later developed Parkinsonian symptoms. Extensive investigations meticulously ruled out shunt malfunction and phenytoin toxicity. The suspicion of Parkinsonism secondary to VP shunt emerged, leading to the initiation of anti-Parkinsonian medications. The patient underwent a personalized treatment regimen with anti-Parkinsonian drugs, which yielded substantial clinical improvement. This case report underscores the importance of identifying unusual neurological presentations post-VP shunt. The critical role of early diagnosis and precise pharmacological intervention in the patient’s recovery cannot be overstated, and it emphasizes the potential for rare complications like post-shunt Parkinsonism.
Significance of trans-cerebellar diameter over other biometric parameters in the estimation of gestational age
Authors: Imran Nazir Salroo  , Mohd Farooq Mir  , Zahoor Ahmad Raina  , Shazia Bashir  , Musaddiq Rafiq Bhat
Published: November 2024

Background: Trans-cerebellar diameter (TCD) is a crucial fetal biometric parameter used in modern radiology to assess the progress of fetal growth which is vital for prosperous maternal and fetal well-being. Despite advances in ultrasound technology, the accurate measurement of fetal biometers continues to pose considerable challenges. TCD provides a more accurate gestational age, especially in late pregnancy when other parameters may be less reliable due to organic conditions.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of TCD as a reliable biometric parameter in estimating gestational age and to measure the TCD in different gestational ages and establish a reference range. Assessing the correlation between TCD and other biometric parameters to that of gestational age.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at SKIMS MCH Bemina, with 60 pregnant female participants recruited in the study, with consecutive purposive sampling used in the study. Consent was obtained with ethical clearance sought. The correlation between TCD, biparietal diameter (BPD), and crown-rump length (CRL) with gestational age was evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 24.0 to determine the strength of these relationships.
Results: The study found strong correlations between fetal biometric measurements and gestational age: TCD (r=0.995), BPD (r=0.993), and CRL (r=0.988). A linear increase in BPD and CRL with increasing gestational age was observed, consistent with previous research the TCD was found particularly as a strong reliable parameter with a higher correlation for assessing fetal growth, especially in cases where other measurements may be less reliable.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that TCD could be a valuable addition to standard fetal biometric measurements in clinical practice. The strong correlation between TCD and gestational age has pivotal implications for improving gestational age estimation. More research is needed to emphasize the use of TCD across many population samples and to explore its potential in fetal growth assessment.
Assessment of shock index and associated outcome in children with sepsis/septic shock at the tertiary care hospital
Authors: Gaigonglung Meiring  , Medo M Kuotsu  , Pinakini D Tollawala  , Duyu Nobing  , Avono Dominica Kulnu
Published: November 2024

Background: Shock index is the ratio of heart rate to the systolic blood pressure. The use of shock index for risk stratification or as an indicator of clinical improvement is helpful in early recognition of shock and optimizing treatment in sepsis and septic shock.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the shock index and associated outcome in children with sepsis/septic shock at the tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 95 patients admitted with sepsis or septic shock to the pediatric intensive care unit and pediatric wards of a tertiary center in Surat. The study was done over a period of 2 years from January 2020 to December 2021. The study was carried out after obtaining ethical approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee, GMC Surat. Through-out the study privacy and confidentiality was maintained at all cost for each participant by coding of patients data.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 3.12±2.40 years, with age range from 1 month to 12 years. The gender distribution of the study population had 51.6% male and 48.4% female. On analysis of the shock index to the mortality of the patients at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after admission, the cutoff value of shock index at 1.6, 1.7, 1.7, 1.4, and 1.3 had a sensitivity of 89.4%, 84.8%, 78.8%, 82.3%, and 86.4%, with a specificity of 62.4%, 69%, 75.9%, 72.4%, and 75.9%, respectively. The cutoff values of the various age groups decrease as the ages of the patients increase. The overall survival rate in the study was 30.5% and mortality rate at 69.5%.
Conclusion: The study concluded that shock index can be used in emergency for triage of critically ill patients. Shock index and mortality were higher compared to other studies as majority of the study participants were referred cases and were in critical stages of shock on admission to the tertiary care center.
Using Grinded Cane with Paraffin Wax in Interior Insulation of Buildings for Reducing Cooling Load
Authors: Hussein Nassr
Published: November 2024

The present work aims to utilize a mixture of paraffin wax and grinded cane material as composite materials in building interior insulation. Two grinded cane material particle sizes (2 and 4 mm) were adopted. In addition, the effect of the mixing ratio of the grinded cane material (25, 50, and 75%) on enhancing mechanical, acoustic, and thermal performances was investigated.  Moreover, two building ceiling models commonly seen in Baghdad were used to calculate the cooling load reduction rate. The outcomes of the experiments showed that filling the work specimens with the composite material of large particle sizes of grinded cane contributed to reducing the thermal cooling load of buildings, where the reduction rate in cooling load for the first ceiling model reached 1.17% when mixing 75% of grinded cane large particles, while, for the second ceiling model, the reduction rate reached 1.02% for the same mixing ratio. Mechanical performance significantly improved in a range of 285 to 433%, 168 to 521%, and 57 to 81.5%, respectively, in both tensile, impact and flexural tests. Moreover, increasing the mixing ratio and the particle size of the grinded cane material offers superior mechanical properties and better acoustic performance, where the noise levels were reduced by a range of 4 to 7.5%.
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR RECORDING STUDENT ATTENDANCE
Authors: Rozhko Alina , Dorohyi Iaroslav , Telychko Hanna
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the creation of an information system for recording student attendance, which allows optimising the process of recording attendance at classes. In today's educational system, where more and more educational institutions are switching to distance learning due to security challenges and the need to ensure flexibility in the learning process, traditional accounting methods such as paper logs are becoming inefficient. Storing paper logs and transferring information in physical form is difficult and inconvenient, especially in any learning format. They are also time-consuming, increase the risk of errors, and do not provide quick access to information or the ability to generate reports quickly.
Thus, the relevance of developing an information system for recording student attendance lies in the need to implement modern digital solutions that allow for easy and convenient record-keeping regardless of the learning format. This solution helps to facilitate administrative processes, improve their accuracy and provide teachers and administration with quick access to data.
To implement the system, we chose the IntelliJ IDEA integrated development environment and the Java programming language, which provides cross-platform compatibility and easy integration with various operating systems. The article also describes the system architecture, covering the main components, including the graphical user interface and the database.
The practical significance of the work is to create an effective and convenient tool that can significantly facilitate the process of attendance accounting, improve data accuracy and reduce the time for information processing. The system supports the function of automatic generation of reports, which allows you to quickly receive information on student attendance for any period, simplifying the work of teachers and administration. In addition, the system can be easily integrated with other educational platforms, making it a flexible and versatile solution for various educational institutions.
A inclusão escolar dos estudantes com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA): contribuições do DUA para a superação da segregação na escola
Authors: Costa-Renders Elizabete Cristina , Ribeiro Maria Carolina França , Sousa Cristiane Nunes de Oliveira
Published: November 2024

Este artigo tem como pressuposto a equiparação de oportunidades educacionais demandada pelo paradigma da inclusão. A partir dos resultados parciais de duas pesquisas de mestrado em educação cujo foco é a educação inclusiva, tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão integrativa relativa aos processos de inclusão escolar dos estudantes com TEA, colocando em perspectiva o ensino para todos e o DUA. Por um lado, os resultados têm apontado para a importante presença do modelo médico de deficiência nas unidades escolares, algo relatado tanto pelos estudiosos do tema quanto pelo relato de uma professora alfabetizadora que atua em sala de aula onde há alunos com e sem TEA. Por outro lado, a revisão integrativa também mostrou a relevância dos princípios do DUA quando se busca superar a segregação e exclusão dos estudantes com TEA.
PENGAYAAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INGGRIS DI LINGKUNGAN PONDOK PESANTREN AL IHSAN PUTERA BANJARMASIN MELALUI GAME-BASED LEARNING
Authors: Arbain Muhammad , Ramadani Fitra , Novika Hartatya , Hasbi Maulana , Perdana Arya
Published: November 2024

ABSTRAKGame merupakan aktivitas penting dalam lingkungan belajar karena diyakini dapat meningkatkan pengalaman belajar, suasana hati, dan membuat pembelajaran menjadi lebih efektif dan menyenangkan. Karena itu, game bisa menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang stimulatif dan motivatif di kelas, dengan memberikan suasana yang menarik, menyenangkan, dan menimbulkan rasa ingin tahu (Fachriyani & Syafe’i, 2018). Kegiatan pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk memperkaya kosakata bahasa Inggris berbasis game atau permaianan secara konvensional di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Al-Ihsan Putera Banjarmasin. Kegiatan pelatihan ini dilakukan melaui ceramah, tanya jawab dan pelatihan. Pada pretest yang dilaksanakan, skor rata-rata santri mendapat 9.7, sedangkan pada sesi post-test para santri mendapatkan skor 11.33. Dengan demikian, terdapat perbedaan (D) cukup signifikan sebesar 1.43. Sebagian besar warga belajar mengatakan Pengayaan Kosakata Bahasa Inggris di lingkunngan Pondok Pesantren Al Ihsan Putera Banjarmasin melalui tradisional Game-Based Learning ini menarik untuk diikuti dan dianggap cukup menggugah minat dan ketertarikan mereka terhadap Bahasa Inggris. Sebagian lain lagi menyatakan bahwa mengenal kosakata Bahasa Inggris edukasi dianggap cukup pengetahuan pengetahuan dan wawasan yang selama ini kurang mendapat perhatian secara proporsional. Sebagian lagi mengatakan bahwa kurang banyak mengetahui kosakata bahasa Inggris dikarenakan bahasa Inggris baru diperkenalkan di kelas kitab kajian 5.Kata Kunci: kosakata, game-based learning
Women and Militarization
Authors: Zalietok Nataliia
Published: November 2024

Amid numerous armed conflicts today, militarization is a priority for many countries, heightening the urgency of examining its impact on women, particularly those in the military. This article focuses on the comparative analysis of several aspects of women's military service in the USSR and Great Britain during World War II to show how these states mobilized women to meet military needs in wartime while still maintaining gender hierarchies. The findings call for a substantial reevaluation of gender roles in military contexts and underscore the importance of inclusive and equitable policies for servicewomen in contemporary defense strategies.
Rethinking Polish (Para)Military Herstory: New Goals for Research on the Militarism–Feminism Nexus
Authors: Grzebalska Weronika , Jug Steven G.
Published: November 2024

Despite its longstanding, rich, and regionally unique tradition, Polish women's (para)military involvement has long not been integrated into (inter)national memory and scholarship. This “problem of invisibility” has since been addressed on the national level by the twenty-first century “herstorical turn”—a wave of revisionist interventions into memory culture. This article discusses three new and distinctive challenges—or “problems of invisibility”—that emerge for Polish (para)military herstory as it travels from the national to the international circuit of knowledge production: 1) the limitations of “methodological nationalism”; 2) the Western-centric biases of gender and militarism scholarship; and 3) the anti-militarist silences inherent in feminism itself. I argue that integrating these underrepresented and geographically peripheral experiences and narratives can enrich global feminist knowledge on gender and militarism.

With inter-state war plaguing the region, the studies of this forum highlight the problem of historical precedent failing to inform discussions of gender and war in Central and Eastern Europe. As a response, this article highlights their common points of focus across the national histories of Polish, British, Yugoslav, and Russian women's militarization in the twentieth century. The discussion considers the potential for women's militarization to serve emancipatory purposes historically as well as its ambivalent contemporary implications for the region's warring societies. The article argues that a productive direction for future discussion will extend to the masculine values and embodied practices that women's successes in military training and combat disrupted.