bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the viscoelastic behavior of fully cured epoxy depend on the thermal history during curing?
Authors: Nunes Stephanie Goncalves , Al-Maqdasi Zainab , Fernberg Patrik , Amico Sandro Campos , Varna Janis
Published: July 2022

Residual strains and shape distortions in a polymer-based composite structure may depend on the cure schedule used for manufacture. Aiming to understand the cure history effects, the influence of the curing “path” (time [Formula: see text] and temperature [Formula: see text] path during curing) on viscoelastic (VE) response of a fully cured (FC) ([Formula: see text] = 0.992) epoxy was investigated. Five different “families” of the same epoxy were manufactured in constraint-free conditions using different sets of curing parameters. Then, tensile tests were performed at different temperatures (T = 30 to 110 °C), and the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) and Schapery’s type of linear viscoelastic (VE) model, accounting for physical aging of specimens tested at high temperature, were used. The results show that the VE properties of the studied epoxy are independent of the curing history provided that at the end all specimens are fully cured. Also, the physical aging rate at high temperatures of all “families” is the same and it can be described by a simple aging-temperature independent equation reported in Nunes et al.1 It is expected that curing history of unconstrained and fully cured epoxy has an insignificant effect on final viscoelastic behavior, a knowledge which could assist in developing more time and cost-efficient cure cycles.
Explaining Physical Violence in Parliaments
Authors: Schmoll Moritz , Ting Wang Leung
Published: July 2022

Why do lawmakers resort to physical violence in some parliaments but not in others? Brawls not only constitute a stark break with democratic norms and ideals, they also affect voter perceptions and have been seen as a bellwether for conflict and democratic backsliding. Yet, the phenomenon remains poorly understood. This paper introduces a new, original dataset recording reported incidents of physical fights in parliaments across the globe between 1980 and 2018 that includes almost four times more cases of violence than existing data. Theoretically, we argue that levels of democracy and the composition of parliament should drive violence. The analysis shows that fighting is most common in countries that are neither very autocratic nor very democratic, in fragmented parliaments, and in chambers with slim majorities. The findings have implications for the study of (de-)democratization, political instability, and the design of democratic institutions.
Bilinguals Produce Pitch Range Differently in Their Two Languages to Convey Social Meaning
Authors: Passoni Elisa , de Leeuw Esther , Levon Erez
Published: July 2022

We investigated whether expression of social meaning operationalized as individual gender identitity and politeness moderated pitch range in the two languages of female and male Japanese-English sequential bilinguals. The bilinguals were resident in either London (UK) or Tokyo (Japan) and read sentences to imagined addressees who varied in formality and sex. Results indicated significant differences in the pitch range of the two languages of the bilinguals, and this was confirmed for female and male bilinguals in London and Tokyo, with the language differences being more extreme in the London bilinguals than in the Tokyo bilinguals. Interestingly, self-attribution of masculine gender traits patterned with within-language variation in the English pitch level of the female bilinguals, whereas self-attribution of feminine gender traits patterned with within-language variation in the English pitch level of the male bilinguals. In addition, female and male bilinguals significantly varied their pitch range in Japanese, but not in English, as a function of the imagined addressees. Findings confirmed that bilinguals produce pitch range differently in their languages and suggest that expression of social meaning may affect pitch range of the two languages of female and male bilinguals differently.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated With Recent Incarceration Among People With HIV, United States, 2015-2017
Authors: Reyes Jovanni V. , Myles Ranell L. , Luo Qingwei , Beer Linda , Burton Deron C.
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

We examined sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors associated with previous incarceration among people with diagnosed HIV to inform HIV care efforts for this population.

Methods:

We used 2015-2017 data from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of US adults with diagnosed HIV (N = 11 739). We computed weighted percentages and 95% CIs to compare the characteristics of people with HIV incarcerated in the past 12 months (ie, recently) with people with HIV not recently incarcerated. We used adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with predicted marginal means to examine associations between selected factors and incarceration status.

Results:

Adults with HIV who were recently incarcerated, when compared with those who were not, were more likely to be aged 18-29 years (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.51), non-Hispanic Black (PR = 1.39), less educated (<high school diploma; PR = 1.41), unemployed (PR = 1.32), or living at or below the federal poverty level (PR = 1.64); to have recently experienced homelessness (PR = 4.56); and to have recently used drugs (PR = 1.68). Clinically, they were more likely to have been diagnosed with HIV in the past 5 years (aPR = 1.26), have lower CD4 counts (aPR = 1.45), have recently used the emergency department (aPR = 1.15), and have experienced severe anxiety (aPR = 1.50) and less likely to be retained in care, be recently virally suppressed, or have sustained viral suppression.

Conclusions:

Among people with HIV, recent incarceration was associated with increased health risks and worse health outcomes. Pre- and postrelease linkage-to-care interventions and reentry services might improve the health of recently incarcerated people with HIV.
An Examination of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Based on Classroom Distancing in Schools With Other Preventive Measures in Place—Missouri, January–March 2021
Authors: Donovan Catherine V. , Worrell Mary Claire , Steinberg Jonathan , Montgomery Brock K. , Young Randall , Richardson Gabriele , Dawson Patrick , Dinh Thu Ha , Botkin Natalie , Fitzpatrick Tammy , Fields Amanda , Rains Catherine M. , Fritz Stephanie , Malone Sara , Tong Suxiang , Mooney Jon , Newland Jason G. , Barrios Lisa C. , Neatherlin John C. , Salzer Johanna S. ,   and the Missouri School Measurement Team
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

Classroom layout plays a central role in maintaining physical distancing as part of a multicomponent prevention strategy for safe in-person learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a school investigation to assess layouts and physical distancing in classroom settings with and without in-school SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Methods:

We assessed, measured, and mapped 90 K-12 (kindergarten through grade 12) classrooms in 3 Missouri public school districts during January–March 2021, prior to widespread prevalence of the Delta variant; distances between students, teachers, and people with COVID-19 and their contacts were analyzed. We used whole-genome sequencing to further evaluate potential transmission events.

Results:

The investigation evaluated the classrooms of 34 students and staff members who were potentially infectious with COVID-19 in a classroom. Of 42 close contacts (15 tested) who sat within 3 ft of possibly infectious people, 1 (2%) probable transmission event occurred (from a symptomatic student with a longer exposure period [5 days]); of 122 contacts (23 tested) who sat more than 3 ft away from possibly infectious people with shorter exposure periods, no transmission events occurred.

Conclusions:

Reduced student physical distancing is one component of mitigation strategies that can allow for increased classroom capacity and support in-person learning. In the pre–Delta variant period, limited physical distancing (<6 ft) among students in K-12 schools was not associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Basic Needs Insecurity and Mental Health: Community College Students’ Dual Challenges and Use of Social Support
Authors: Broton Katharine M. , Mohebali Milad , Lingo Mitchell D.
Published: July 2022

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the potential co-occurrence of basic needs insecurity and mental health problems among community college students. These barriers to student success are gaining significant attention from college leaders and scholars, but they are often addressed in isolation, ignoring the potential reinforcing nature of these challenges. Method: We use data from a national survey of community college students to examine the relationship between experiences of basic needs insecurity and mental health problems, and investigate the support systems that students rely on for help. Results: Findings indicate that students who experience basic needs insecurity are substantively and significantly more likely than their materially secure peers to report depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, planning, or attempt, even after accounting for background characteristics. Those with both food and housing insecurities are even more likely to report mental health problems and the likelihood is positively associated with severity of material hardship. Given limited institutional supports, students often rely on friends or family for emotional and mental support. Receipt of social support is higher among those with mental health challenges, but it also varies by students’ basic needs security status. This suggests that students facing the dual challenges of basic needs insecurity and mental health problems may have exhausted this important social resource. Contributions: This study raises awareness about the prevalent co-occurrence of basic needs insecurity and mental health problems, and encourages a more integrated institutionalized approach to serving students.
“Lost in the Shuffle”: How Relationships and Personalized Advisement Shape Transfer Aspirations and Outcomes for Community College Students
Authors: Fay Maggie P. , Jaggars Shanna S. , Farakish Negar
Published: July 2022

Objective: Few community college students who aspire to transfer ever do so. Prior research suggests that relationships with advisors, faculty, and administrators may play an important role in promoting successful transfer outcomes, particularly for traditionally underserved students. This study examines how students identified and weighed possible transfer destination colleges, and how dedicated and personalized advisement shaped students’ transfer plans and contributed to their transfer outcomes. Method: This mixed-methods study uses interviews to explore students’ transfer planning processes, as well as student record data to examine transfer outcomes. Analyses compare students who received personalized transfer advising through a community college honors program and similarly qualified transfer-aspiring peers attending the same six community colleges who received “business as usual” advising. Results: Findings suggest that personalized advisement and relationships with transfer advisors contributed to higher rates of transfer and may support transfer to more-selective destinations. Contributions: This research extends the literature on community college transfer by tracing students’ planning processes, exploring factors that raise or lower transfer aspirations, and estimating the effects of an advising-intensive honors program on students’ transfer outcomes, including the selectivity of their transfer destinations. We also offer more empirical support for the importance of personal relationships and transfer agents in facilitating successful transfer outcomes.
Institutional Partnerships for Transfer Student Success: An Examination of Catalysts and Barriers to Collaboration
Authors: Yeh Theresa Ling , Wetzstein Lia
Published: July 2022

Objective: Strong institutional partnerships are critical to the transfer process for students because they can help ease navigation from one college to the next. This research seeks to better understand the nature of high-performing transfer partnerships, and the factors that can either promote or hinder their development. Methods: Drawing upon qualitative data from a larger mixed methods study, we visited seven institutional pairs of community college (sending) and baccalaureate-granting (receiving) institutions and interviewed 170 administrators, staff, and faculty. Data were analyzed using perspectives on educational collaborations and the forces that can impact organizational change efforts. Results: Our findings highlight factors that influence the development, growth, or continuation of transfer partnerships. We propose a framework that can be used to analyze transfer partnerships based on institutional culture, practices, and policies. Contributions: This research extends the work on transfer partnerships by providing a comprehensive picture of the organizational forces that impact their change over time. We also offer suggestions for how these findings can be used to develop or enhance transfer partnerships that can move institutions toward more equitable student outcomes.
The Privacy Calculus Revisited: An Empirical Investigation of Online Privacy Decisions on Between- and Within-Person Levels
Authors: Meier Yannic , Krämer Nicole C.
Published: July 2022

The privacy calculus assumes that people weigh perceived privacy risks and benefits before disclosing personal information. So far, empirical studies investigated the privacy calculus on a between-person level and, therefore, were not able to make statements about the intrapersonal psychological processes. In the present preregistered online within-person experiment, participants ( N = 485) were asked to imagine three different disclosure situations in which privacy risks were indicated by a privacy score. As personality variables, rational and intuitive privacy decision-making styles and privacy resignation were assessed. Results of a within-between random effects model showed that benefit perceptions were positively associated with self-disclosure intentions on between- and within-person levels. The privacy score was found to be effective in supporting users to make more privacy aware choices (within-person level). Finally, the rational decision-making style was positively related to privacy risk perception, while especially intuitive decision-makers can benefit from decision-making aids like the privacy score.
The effects of ideal standards and parental approval on mate choice among emerging adults
Authors: Guvensoy Ipek , Erdem Gizem
Published: July 2022

The current study examines how ideal standards and parental approval interplay in the decision to marry via three consecutive studies among Turkish emerging adults. The first study explored desirable traits for a potential spouse, and participants ( N = 309) rated and rank-ordered 56 traits. Findings revealed that trustworthiness, honesty, and loyalty were the most desired traits. Informed by the first study’s findings, we designed vignettes, tested their validity via three pilot studies, and finalized scenarios for the experimental study. In Study 2 ( N = 331), we recruited highly liberal (secular) emerging adults and randomly assigned them to one of the four experimental conditions (2x2 design; ideal standards high vs. low, parents approve vs. disapprove). Each participant read a vignette about a potential partner and responded whether they would be willing to marry that person (yes or no). Analysis revealed that participants were 13.93 times [ CI (6.40, 30.32)] more willing to marry a partner who met ideal standards and 4.24 times [ CI (1.93, 9.30)] more willing if the parents approved the partner. Study 3 replicated Study 2 with a conservative sample, using the same experimental design and vignettes. We recruited participants through theology departments and online religious groups ( N = 484). Main effects of both having an ideal partner [ OR = 5.00, CI (2.62, 9.54)] and parental approval [ OR = 4.00, CI (2.12, 7.53)] were significant as well as the interaction term [ OR= 7.38, CI (2.32, 23.51)]. The current study highlights the importance of parental approval and ideal standards on marriage decisions among secular and conservative emerging adults.
Heart surgery and simultaneous carotid endarterectomy – 10-years single-center experience
Authors: Gerfer Stephen , Ivanov Borko , Krasivskyi Ihor , Djordjevic Ilija , Gaisendrees Christopher , Avgeridou Soi , Kuhn-Régnier Ferdinand , Mader Navid , Rahmanian Parwis , Kröner Axel , Kuhn Elmar , Wahlers Thorsten
Published: July 2022

Background

Patients with coronary artery heart disease frequently suffer concomitant carotid vascular disease and are at high perioperative risk for neurological adverse events. Several concepts regarding the timing and modality of carotid revascularization are controversially discussed in patients with heart disease. Current guidelines recommendations on myocardial revascularization recommend a concomitant carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with a history of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) or 50–99% grade of the carotid stenosis. Our study aimed to analyze early outcome parameters of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but also including concomitant heart valve surgery and simultaneous CEA.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 111 patients from our institutional database undergoing heart surgery with CABG or heart-valve surgery between 2010 and 2020 with concomitant carotid surgery due to significant carotid stenosis.

Results

Patients undergoing heart and simultaneous carotid surgery were 77 ± 8.0 years of age with a body mass index of 28 ± 1.7 kg/m2 and a mean EuroSCORE II of 6.5 ± 2.3. Most patients (61%) had a smoking history and arterial hypertension (97%). The preoperative mean grade of internal carotid stenosis was 87 ± 4.2%, 13% of patients suffered from internal carotid artery stenosis on both sites. In total, 4.5% of patients had previously undergone internal carotid artery intervention before and 6.3% had a history of stroke with a persistent neurologic disorder in 1.8%, 8.9% of cases had prior TIA. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was 6.3% and postoperative neurologic events occurred with 7.2% TIA and 4.5% of disabling stroke.

Conclusion

Within the reported patient population of coronary artery heart disease and significant internal carotid stenosis, a one-time approach with CABG or heart-valve surgery and CEA is safe and feasible as justified by clinical and neurological postoperative outcomes.
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock: The impact of cannulation strategy on survival
Authors: Alhijab Fatimah A , Tantawy Tarek M , Ismail Huda H , AlBarrak Mohammed , Adam Adam I , Belghith Makhlouf , Hassan Essam , Pragliola Claudio , Albabtain Monirah A , Arafat Amr A
Published: July 2022

Background

The optimal venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) cannulation strategy in patients with postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock is still debatable. Studies evaluating the effect of cannulation strategy on long-term survival are scarce.

Objectives

We investigated the impact of central versus peripheral cannulation strategy for ECMO insertion on hospital outcomes and survival in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock patients.

Methods

This retrospective study involved 101 patients who had either central or peripheral ECMO due to postcardiotomy shock between June 2009 and December 2020. Study endpoints were limb ischemia, bleeding, blood transfusion, wound infection, and overall survival.

Results

Eighty-four patients received central (c) ECMO, and 17 patients had peripheral (p) ECMO. In the group of pECMO, limb ischemia was significantly higher (5 [29.41%] vs 6 [7.14%]; p = .01). Other endpoints were similar in both groups. Thirty-day mortality was nonsignificantly different between both cohorts (cECMO 34 [41.67%] vs pECMO 10 [58.82%]; p = .29). However, overall survival was better with cECMO (Log-rank p = .02). Patients’ age [HR: 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02–1.06); p = .001], pECMO [HR: 1.98 (95% CI: 1.11–3.55), p = .002] and presence of infective endocarditis [HR: 3.54 (95% CI: 1.52–8.24), p = .03] were significant predictors of overall mortality.

Conclusions

Peripheral ECMO was associated with an increased risk of limb ischemia; however, bleeding, blood transfusion, infection, and 30-day mortality were comparable to central ECMO. Central cannulation was associated with a better 1-year survival rate. Therefore, central cannulation might be the preferred strategy for patients with postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock.
Lung transplantation in an 18-month-old with donor specific antibodies – The use of intraoperative, targeted plasma exchange
Authors: Issitt Richard , Shetty Pooja , Crook Richard , Cross Nigel , Henwood Sophie , Broadhead Michael , Spencer Helen , Aurora Paul , Gupta Arun , Kallon Delordson , Fenton Matthew , Muthialu Nagarajan
Published: July 2022

Background:

Sensitised patients undergoing Human Leukocyte Antigen-incompatible transplantation are at increased risk of hyperacute rejection and may be predisposed to antibody-mediated rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction and higher mortality.

Case:

We present a case of primary lung transplantation in the setting of late identification of donor specific antibodies treated with intraoperative target plasma exchange. The patient was treated with fresh human plasma to a final volume of 1.5 times the patient’s systemic circulation. From a pre-transplant mean fluorescence intensity of 5002, donor-specific antibodies were undetectable following plasma exchange on single antigen bead assay.

Conclusions:

This method represents a potential desensitisation technique for use in the intraoperative period.
Traffic Event Detection from Consumer Vehicle Sensor Data: An Autonomous Vehicle Study
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua
Published: July 2022

Traffic event detection from vehicles’ on-board sensors can detect the road information and improve traffic management and safety. Current sensor-based traffic event detection is mainly based on probe vehicles, test vehicles, or other designated vehicles, which is costly and cannot be deployed on a large scale. With the fast development of on-board equipment, data collection from consumer vehicle sensors is becoming popular and can cover a large geographic scale with almost no equipment or labor cost. However, there are very few studies of the data features and potential for application. This paper presents a pipeline for employing consumer vehicle sensors to detect roadworks. The unique data features and deficiencies of the consumer vehicle sensor are discussed and summarized. A clustering method is employed to distinguish the roadwork sites. A route builder method is proposed to reconstruct the routes of the roadworks and to extract the corresponding start and end locations. Compared with ground truth, roadworks detection from consumer vehicle sensors can cover up to 86% of the roadworks on freeways and over 40% of the roadworks on non-freeway roads. The average offset errors are 4.7% on freeways, and 24.9% on non-freeway roads. Compared with point-based roadworks detection from “ViaMichelin Traffic information,” the results from consumer vehicle sensors achieved a matching ratio of nearly 90% and were advantageous in extracting the roadworks route information. This study proves the possibility of employing consumer vehicle sensors for route-based traffic event detection and provides insights for countering uneven distribution and trajectory truncation issues related to privacy protection.
Exploratory Analysis of Mobility of Care in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Ravensbergen Léa , Fournier Juliette , El-Geneidy Ahmed
Published: July 2022

“Mobility of care” refers to the daily travel required to complete care labor such as travel to the grocery store, or to escort children. Though past research has examined the distribution of individual types of household-serving travel, little research to date, especially in the North American context, has examined mobility of care which combines all travel required to fulfill a household’s care needs. This paper presents the results of an exploratory analysis of mobility of care drawing on the 2018 Montreal Origin–Destination Survey. Specifically, this paper explores who completes this type of travel and how this mobility is completed. Findings indicate that mobility of care comprises 28% of adults’ daily mobility. Further, women are found to complete more of this type of travel than men, especially women from lower-income households. The presence of children in the household further widens this gendered gap, though the number of children present does not alter this trend greatly. Mobility of care trips are shorter on average than other types of travel and are frequently completed as part of a trip-chain. Further, car use and walking are more frequently used for mobility of care than other types of travel, while the opposite is true for public transport and cycling. The use of public transport for mobility of care trips is greater amongst women than men, especially those living in lower-income households. Taken together, results highlight the importance for practitioners to explicitly address mobility of care in transport planning, and particularly in public transport planning.
Surveying Disadvantaged Children’s Traffic Safety Education in a Comparison between Paper and Electronic Methods: A Case Example for the Expanded Use of Educational Technology
Authors: Trifunović Aleksandar , Čičević Svetlana , Pešić Dalibor , Samčović Andreja , Marković Vladan
Published: July 2022

New generations of children are growing up amidst rapidly developing modern technology that completely changes how educational content is presented, how children’s skills and attitudes are developing, and the way children are tested on what they know, including with regard to traffic safety education. In contrast to participants from many existing studies for which data have been collected via personal computer devices, children who are disadvantaged have minimal experience of the use of hi-tech tablet computers. Thus, in this experiment, we aimed to compare the results of a test on traffic safety taken by socially disadvantaged children in two different formats: a traditional method (paper form); and a contemporary method (tablet computer). We found these children to be more engaged with touch screens than with paper tests and more naturally interested in interacting with tablet computers, which resulted in their achieving better results in tests in the field of traffic safety education. We discussed the benefits of conducting studies in which children use tablet computers for assessing their behavior in traffic situations, while highlighting the methodological challenges of this approach and potential solutions.
Metal and composite bone plates for B1 periprosthetic femoral fracture in healthy and osteoporotic condition: A comparative biomechanical study
Authors: Dhason Raja , Roy Sandipan , Datta Shubhabrata
Published: July 2022

The major concern after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the incidence of periprosthetic fracture in the weaker bone, which can lead to subsequent revision surgery. Achieving the suitable fixation without affecting the stability of the well-fixed prosthesis remains controversial. Most of the studies examined the behavior of the Periprosthetic Fracture (PF) fixation (Vancouver “B1” type) through computational and experimentation on healthy bone condition with metal plates. The aim of the present study is to analyze the influences of the metal and composite bone plate PF fixation on the axial and shear movement at the fracture site. The PF fixation constructs were modeled with medical graded stainless-steel plate (construct A), titanium plate (construct B) and carbon/epoxy composite bone plate (construct C) with 12 holes and a 4 mm fracture gap. Analysis was carried out for all the stages (stage 1—Normal bone, stage 2—THA, stage 3—Immediate Post-Operative (IPO), stage 4—Post-Operative (PO) and, stage 5—Healed Bone (HB)) under various loadings for intact and osteoporosis conditions. The results showed higher stress in cortical bone for stage 3, whereas in all the other stages lower stresses were experienced in the cortical and cancelous bone under peak load in construct C for osteoporosis model compared with other constructs. The present study suggested the construct C may be suitable for osteoporosis bone conditions.
Relationship Between Preoperative NT-proBNP and Postoperative Adverse Events in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Beyazal Osman Fehmi , Kervan Ümit , Karahan Mehmet , Kocabeyoğlu Sinan Sabit , Sert Doğan Emre , Temizhan Ahmet , Demirkan Burcu , Akdi Mustafa , Konşuk Ünlü Hande , Çatav Zeki
Published: July 2022

Background:

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of preoperative NT-proBNP values with postoperative adverse events in patient left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.

Method:

Forty-six patients (35 males; mean age 49.4 ± 12.9 years) who underwent LVAD implantation between 2016 and 2018 were evaluated in this study. The analysis was made on the relationship between preoperative NT-proBNP and mortality, postoperative right ventricular failure (RVF), postoperative drainage, duration of intubation, and intensive care unit stay, was examined. The optimal NT-proBNP cut-off values for predicting mortality were determined using Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the patients were divided into two groups according to the specified cut-off point.

Result:

Median NT-proBNP was higher in patients who died, had postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and early RVF. The median NT-proBNP was 11,103 pg/ml in patients with IABP, and 2943 pg/ml in patients without IABP, and the difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.002). The cut-off point for NT-proBNP was found to be 1725.5 pg/ml (Sensitivity:0.929, Specificity:0.688). Accordingly, when the patients were divided into two groups and analyzed, no statistically significant difference was found between preoperative NT-proBNP below or above 1725.5 and postoperative adverse events. There was no statistically significant correlation between preoperative NT-proBNP and postoperative drainage, duration of intubation time, and duration of ICU stay ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Routine monitoring of preoperative NT-proBNP and comparison with postoperative values are important in terms of patient selection, the timing of surgery, follow-up of postoperative adverse events, and improving outcomes in VAD patients.
Novel high-efficiency Poly(butyl acrylate-co-2-ethylhexyl acrylate) grafting of Poly(methyl methacrylate) impact modifier: Synthesis and application
Authors: Sun Yinan , Liu Xiangchi , Liu Tingting , Liu Baijun , Zhang Mingyao
Published: July 2022

Polyacrylate latexes with uniform particle size and excellent dispersion were successfully synthesized via emulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate with different types of grafting agents. The effect of grafting agent type for residual double bonds of seed latex was discussed. The results indicated that the residue double bonds of acrylic seed latex of graft agents with non-equally active double bonds were higher than acrylic seed latex of graft agents with equally active double bonds. Acrylic impact modifiers (ACR) were generated by using an emulsion grafting polymerization of polyacrylate latex as the core and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the shell for preparing poly(vinyl chlorid) (PVC)/ACR blends. Mechanical properties test analysis shows that the PVC/ACR blend reached a brittle-toughness transition when the ACR content was 8 phr, indicating that modifiers play a good toughening role in the matrix. The highest impact strength of PVC toughened through ACR (dicyclopentenyl acrylate as grafting agent) was 1682 J/m, almost 62 times than the pure PVC, whereas only 45 times than the pure PVC that of traditional ACR prepared PVC/ACR blend. Scanning electron microscope graphs showed that the shear yielding of the matrix was the major toughening mechanisms.
Women Entrepreneurs Negotiating Identities in Liminal Digital Spaces
Authors: Kelly Grainne , McAdam Maura
Published: July 2022

Our article conceptualizes the experiences of women entrepreneurs through exploring how they negotiate an entrepreneurial identity in liminal digital spaces. Providing empirically textured narrative portraits of women’s experience of transitioning from employment to a digital entrepreneurial career, this article counters the ascendant rhetoric celebrating the democratizing promise of digital technologies. We present a more critical analysis of the experience of self-doubt and existential precarity including the ways in which gender norms permeate the intimate structures of women entrepreneurs’ everyday lives and selves. We also develop the concept of liminality by illustrating how women digital entrepreneurs cope with liminality through identity play and identity work.
The Education Cyrus Missed
Authors: Stauffer Dana Jalbert
Published: July 2022

This manuscript contributes to a growing body of scholarship aimed at understanding the intentions of Xenophon in portraying the founder of the Persian Empire, Cyrus the Great. While Xenophon initially suggests that Cyrus is wise, a close reading of the work as a whole reveals defects in Cyrus’ moral understanding. Xenophon’s Cyrus largely misses the Persian education in justice. This shapes his development by strengthening his initial instinct to equate justice with the beneficial, rather than with the legal. As he rises to power, he continually insists that justice is good, and he uses his power to try to ensure its goodness. But he never seriously considers the idea that justice might demand a sacrifice of one’s own good, and thus, he never full embraces the beauty of noble self-sacrifice, something that the work as a whole suggests Xenophon saw as an essential element in education.
The Shadow of History in Inter-Organizational Cooperation for the Environment
Authors: Uji Azusa
Published: July 2022

Why do international organizations (IOs) adopt different arrangements for cooperation? Drawing on the theory of institutional context and the rational theory of international design, I argue that a prior thick institution between IOs, which involves the adjustment of organizational mandates and/or activities, facilitates a decentralized arrangement for their current cooperation by fostering mutual expectations and reducing uncertainty. If the prior institution merely assumes direct combinations of resources and expertise, a centralized arrangement is needed to reduce uncertainty regarding the counterpart IO’s cooperative motive. With archival analysis and extensive interviews with IO staff members, this argument is tested against two empirical cases of inter-organizational cooperation undertaken by the United Nations Environment Program under the Minamata Convention on Mercury. The in-depth analysis reveals how IOs cope with demands and obstacles for inter-organizational cooperation on the ground, which has been largely unexplored in the literature.
Trapped in My Roles as a Woman With No Help: Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Against Chinese Women
Authors: Cao Jiepin , Liu Xu , Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa M.
Published: July 2022

An understanding of intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences is a crucial first step toward shaping effective responses. However, relevant knowledge among Chinese women is scant. This study described Chinese women’s IPV experiences by analyzing 46 posts shared by 42 women on a public online forum. Five overarching themes were identified using conventional qualitative content analysis: being trapped in my roles, no power in the relationship, the struggles are real but I need to tolerate, I want to leave but have no help, and hope for the future. This study has important implications for future research, practice, and education.
The Implementation of Palliative Home Care in Southeast Asian Countries: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kristanti Martina Sinta , Agastiya I Made Cahyadi , Kurianto Endar
Published: July 2022

In Asia where family caregiving is part of the culture, palliative home care becomes the most suitable service to keep patients close to their family and to reduce costs. There is a wide variety of palliative home care services due to different cultures and levels of involvement of the family. This review aims to explore the implementation of palliative home care in East and Southeast Asian countries. The articles reviewed in this study were obtained from 3 electronic databases: EbscoHost, PubMed, and Scopus. Journal articles that discussed palliative home care for patients with cancer in East and Southeast Asia countries were included. Review papers were excluded. Seven studies were used in the current review. In general, there are 6 services provided for palliative home care in this region, which are daily activity living care, planning and preparation for palliative home care, education and counseling, patients’ follow-up, symptom management, and direct care for family. Most of the programs involve family caregivers during the treatment. The palliative home care team consists of at least a doctor and a nurse. Symptom management is the most common service and direct care for family is the least offered palliative home care service in this region. Alleviating symptoms is one of the targets in palliative care, therefore involving family in symptom management for palliative home care is fundamental. Although caregiving is part of the culture, family members need to be supported to maintain their quality of life.
Fear of Covid-19 and Hotel Frontline Employees’ Sense of Work Alienation: Intervening and Interactional Analysis
Authors: Peng Michael Yao-Ping , Khalid Adeel , Usman Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Aamir Shafique , Ali Moazzam
Published: July 2022

The present study examines the role of death anxiety as an important mechanism underlying the relationship between fear of Covid-19 and hotel frontline employees’ (FLEs) sense of work alienation. Importantly, the study proposes FLEs’ intrinsic spirituality as being a relevant boundary condition. Results, based on time-lagged survey data (three rounds, 2 weeks apart) from 203 FLEs in 91 hotels and analyzed using structural equation modeling, reveal that death anxiety mediates the association between fear of Covid-19 and work alienation. In addition, FLEs’ intrinsic spirituality moderates the direct relationship between fear of Covid-19 and death anxiety and the indirect relationship between fear of Covid-19 and work alienation, such that the relationships are weak when intrinsic spirituality is high (vs. low). The study offers several important suggestions that can help hospitality managers address FLEs’ sense of work alienation during traumatic conditions.

Highlights

Death anxiety mediates the relationship between fear of Covid-19 and work alienation. Intrinsic spirituality moderates the link between fear of Covid-19 and death anxiety. Intrinsic spirituality moderates the indirect fear of Covid-19-work alienation link. The findings can help hotel managers address FLEs’ sense of work alienation.
Face/core disbond fatigue growth in honeycomb cored aircraft sandwich elements under mixed mode flatwise tension loading
Authors: Farshidi Arash , Berggreen Christian
Published: July 2022

Disbond damage growth in honeycomb cored sandwich structures due to static and fatigue mixed mode loading is investigated numerically and experimentally. A two dimensional finite element model was generated using core homogenization and the Crack Surface Displacement Extrapolation mode separation method, integrated into a fracture mechanics based analysis sub-routine to predict face/core interface fatigue crack propagation. The Cycle Jump technique was furthermore applied to accelerate fatigue analysis. Mixed mode fatigue characterization testing was conducted using Double Cantilever Beam specimens loaded with Uneven Bending Moments, generating a relationship between crack propagation rates and energy release rate amplitudes as a modified Paris Law, measured at three mode-mixity phase angles. The measured Paris laws were subsequently used as input data for the numerical fatigue model. The numerical model was validated against CFRP/Nomex® Sandwich Tearing Test specimen tests with a propagating face/core interface crack yielding varying mode-mixities. The results from the validation showed good agreement between numerical predictions and experimental measurements.
Migrating to Long-Read Sequencing for Clinical Routine BCR-ABL1 TKI Resistance Mutation Screening
Authors: Schaal Wesley , Ameur Adam , Olsson-Strömberg Ulla , Hermanson Monica , Cavelier Lucia , Spjuth Ola
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The aim of this project was to implement long-read sequencing for BCR-ABL1 TKI resistance mutation screening in a clinical setting for patients undergoing treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia.

Materials and Methods:

Processes were established for registering and transferring samples from the clinic to an academic sequencing facility for long-read sequencing. An automated analysis pipeline for detecting mutations was established, and an information system was implemented comprising features for data management, analysis and visualization. Clinical validation was performed by identifying BCR-ABL1 TKI resistance mutations by Sanger and long-read sequencing in parallel. The developed software is available as open source via GitHub at https://github.com/pharmbio/clamp

Results:

The information system enabled traceable transfer of samples from the clinic to the sequencing facility, robust and automated analysis of the long-read sequence data, and communication of results from sequence analysis in a reporting format that could be easily interpreted and acted upon by clinical experts. In a validation study, all 17 resistance mutations found by Sanger sequencing were also detected by long-read sequencing. An additional 16 mutations were found only by long-read sequencing, all of them with frequencies below the limit of detection for Sanger sequencing. The clonal distributions of co-existing mutations were automatically resolved through the long-read data analysis. After the implementation and validation, the clinical laboratory switched their routine protocol from using Sanger to long-read sequencing for this application.

Conclusions:

Long-read sequencing delivers results with higher sensitivity compared to Sanger sequencing and enables earlier detection of emerging TKI resistance mutations. The developed processes, analysis workflow, and software components lower barriers for adoption and could be extended to other applications.
Effective airbnb advertising during COVID-19 pandemic: Message format and hypothetical distance
Authors: Choi Miju , Choi Youngjoon
Published: July 2022

Airbnb hosts encounter difficulty in choosing an approach to advertising during unprecedented times caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores effective Airbnb advertising messages with a particular focus on hypothetical distance based on construal level theory. A 2 (message format: abstract vs. concrete) × 2 (hypothetical distance: low vs. high likelihood of travel) between-subject experiment was conducted. Data collection was conducted in the US during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that the ‘abstract’ message results in a higher intention to stay when hypothetical distance is ‘low’, whereas the ‘concrete’ message results in a higher intention to stay when hypothetical distance is ‘high’. In addition, the mediating role of message relevance in the relationship between message format and intention to stay was also found. These findings provide meaningful theoretical contributions and have practical implications for tourism and hospitality research.
Internet addiction in adolescent psychiatric patient population: A hospital-based Study from China
Authors: Zhou Rui , Zhang Ji-Jie , Liu Yin-Du , Chen Hong-Bei , Wang Shi-Bin , Jia Fu-Jun , Hou Cai-Lan
Published: July 2022

Background

Internet is gradually reshaping adolescents’ behaviors in China. It is important to identify the prevalence and risk factors to predict Internet addiction among adolescent psychiatric patients.

Methods

The survey was conducted among inpatient or outpatient adolescent patients with mental disorders. All participants were interviewed face-to-face and completed Young Internet Addiction Test and other relevant assessments. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to exam between-group differences of internet addiction.

Result

The prevalence for internet addiction (mild to severe) in adolescent psychiatric patients was 80.2%, where the prevalence for “medium and severe internet addiction was 25.5%. Logistic regression analysis identified two independent predictors for “medium and severe internet addiction” including the total score of Adolescent Non-suicidal-self-injury (NSSI) Behavior Function Assessment Scale (ANBFAS) and the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (R2 =0.27, p = .02 for total ANBFAS score, p = .01 for GAD) in psychiatric adolescent patients.

Conclusion

The prevalence of internet addiction is notably high among adolescent psychiatric patients in China. Coping for Internet addiction in adolescent psychiatric patients should conclude the coping of NSSI and GAD.
‘Ooh it were mucky’: mapping memories of New Basford, Nottingham
Authors: Barnes Alison
Published: July 2022

Using a ‘geo/graphic’ map of New Basford, Nottingham as its starting point, and contextualising this within critical approaches to map-making and contemporary critical cultural geographies, this article subverts traditional cartographic principles in foregrounding the everyday, lived experiences of place. It explores the possibilities inherent in both narrative and design in the construction of a typo/graphic re-mapping of New Basford that resists a palimpsestual, chronological view of place. In doing so it explores how one might map the relationship of stories to place and articulate the map making process itself. Bringing together cartesian fragments alongside autoethnographic excerpts, participants’ memories, archival texts, contemporary newspaper headlines and photographs, the article’s empirical section creates a narrative that employs typography and image in a way that situates the reader within the process of mapmaking and an unfolding experience of New Basford. In reflecting on this process of re-mapping place, the article contributes insights as to the challenges of incorporating temporality within maps and print; the limitations of a palimpsestual approach; and the opportunities offered by traditional Cartesian references. Furthermore, it highlights how typography and design can contribute to the construction of a legible, yet ‘messy’ narrative of place framed within the less traditional Euclidian space of the page.
How do intellectual virtues promote good thinking and knowing?
Authors: Jayawickreme Eranda , Fleeson William
Published: July 2022

In a 2012 Theory and Research in Education article, Spiegel argued that intellectual humility and open-mindedness can mutually reinforce each other to produce good thinking and knowing. In this commentary, we build on this insight and discuss the likely importance of multiple intellectual virtues in producing good thinking. We argue that Spiegel’s discussion of the relations between different intellectual virtues suggests new directions for theoretical and empirical work clarifying which virtues work together to promote good thinking.