bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy and phylogeny of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) from Brazilian mid-shelf and oceanic islands
Authors: AZEVEDO FERNANDA , PADUA ANDRÉ , MORAES FERNANDO , ROSSI ANDRÉ , MURICY GUILHERME , KLAUTAU MICHELLE
Published: August 2017

Despite the enormous economic, scientific and strategic value of the Brazilian oceanic and mid-shelf islands (BOMIs), the biological communities of these islands are still poorly known. An example is their fauna of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea), with only six species described up to date. In the present study, we analysed the Calcinean sponges from the mid-shelf Abrolhos Archipelago and four of the five Brazilian oceanic islands (São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Rocas Atoll, and Trindade Island), using both morphological and molecular approaches for taxonomy. Fourteen species were found, of which 12 are new to science: Arturia trindadensis sp. nov., Borojevia tenuispinata sp. nov., B. trispinata sp. nov., Clathrina insularis sp. nov., C. lutea sp. nov., C. mutabilis sp. nov., C. zelinhae sp. nov., Ernstia citrea sp. nov., E. multispiculata sp. nov., E. rocasensis sp. nov., E. sanctipauli sp. nov., and E. solaris sp. nov. These results raised in 63% the species richness of calcareous sponges from the BOMIs. Clathrina aurea and Leucetta floridana were recollected and the former had its geographical distribution expanded. The molecular tree obtained confirmed the morphological identifications and allowed a discussion about the evolution of morphological characters, and the usefulness of some of those characters in the taxonomy of Calcinea.
First record of the genus Yezoceryx Uchida (Ichneumonidae: Acaenitinae) from Vietnam, with descriptions of nine new species
Authors: PHAM NHI THI , BROAD GAVIN R. , MATSUMOTO RIKIO , ACHTERBERG CORNELIS VAN
Published: August 2017

On the basis of recent ichneumonid collections from the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam, the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, Netherlands, and the Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka, Japan, the genus Yezoceryx (Ichneumonidae: Acaenitinae) is reported for the first time from Vietnam with descriptions of nine new species, viz. Yezoceryx bicarinatus sp. nov., Y. brevius sp. nov., Y. coronatus sp. nov., Y. pacoensis sp. nov., Y. phui sp. nov., Y. rufus sp. nov., Y. shengi sp. nov., Y. tamdaoensis sp. nov. and Y. thaii sp. nov. In addition, nine further species are recorded for the first time from the country. A key to a total of 18 Yezoceryx species from Vietnam is included. Acaenitus xanthorius Morley, 1913 is a junior synonym of Yezoceryx luteus (Cameron, 1899), syn. nov. The subdivision of Yezoceryx into subgenera is untenable and Yezoceryx (Brevitergus) Wang and Yezoceryx (Longitergus) Wang are both new synonyms of Yezoceryx.
Three squat lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from tropical West Pacific seamounts, with description of a new species of Uroptychus Henderson, 1888
Authors: DONG DONG , LI XINZHENG , LU BO , WANG CHUNSHENG
Published: August 2017

Three species of squat lobster, Uroptychus inaequipes n. sp., Munidopsis bairdii (Smith, 1884), and M. kensmithii Jones & Macpherson, 2007, are reported from the seamounts of the tropical West Pacific. The new species of Uroptychus is distinguished from its congeners by having short antennal scales, and non-produced anterolateral corners of thoracic sternite 4. Munidopsis kensmithii is recorded from the West Pacific for the first time.
Description of a new neotropical species of Xiqilliba Kramer (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Neocoelidiinae)
Authors: MARQUES ANA PAULA COELHO , ALE-ROCHA ROSALY
Published: August 2017

Xiqilliba Kramer is revised, and a new species, Xiqilliba sakakibarai sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The type species of the genus, Xiqilliba bellator Kramer, is redescribed. The new species can be differentiated from X. bellator by the morphology of the male genitalia, especially by: (1) shorter quadrangular pygofer with bifurcated apical lobe; (2) long and slender style with strong basal curvature; (3) enlarged aedeagus with two pairs of apical processes; and (4) anal tube with pair of short processes of rounded apices. A generic diagnosis and redescription are provided, as well as illustrations of Xiqilliba species.
Downward Influence of QBO-Like Oscillation on Moist Convection in a Two-Dimensional Minimal Model Framework
Authors: Bui Hoang-Hai , Nishimoto Eriko , Yoden Shigeo
Published: August 2017

The influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)-like oscillation on moist convection is examined using the two-dimensional minimal model framework of Yoden et al. with two series of parameter sweep experiments: model-top experiments with varying model height and low-level nudging experiments with reduced zonal-mean zonal wind toward zero from the surface to a certain level. The QBO-like oscillation in the mean zonal wind is a robust feature obtained in all the experiments, including low-top cases in which only the tropospheric portion is retained. The zonal-mean precipitation is modulated with a half period of the mean zonal wind oscillation in the model-top experiments, and a positive correlation exists between the precipitation intensity and the vertical shear of the mean zonal wind near the surface. The precipitation modulation is weakened with a nudging of the low-level mean zonal wind but appears again in the cases with the low-level nudging in the middle and lower troposphere. There is a negative correlation between the precipitation intensity and the vertical shear of the mean zonal wind in the upper troposphere. These results suggest that the QBO-like oscillation modulates the moist convection via two mechanisms related to the vertical shear. Large values of the shear near the surface enhance the longevity and intensity of the moist convective systems by separating the updraft and downdraft. On the other hand, large values of shear near the cloud top tend to disrupt the convective structure and lead to weakening moist convection, although this mechanism seems to be secondary.
Evaluation of Satellite and Reanalysis Wind Products with In Situ Wave Glider Wind Observations in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Schmidt Kevin M. , Swart Sebastiaan , Reason Chris , Nicholson Sarah-Anne
Published: August 2017

Surface ocean wind datasets are required to be of high spatial and temporal resolution and high precision to accurately force or be assimilated into coupled atmosphere–ocean numerical models and to understand ocean–atmospheric processes. In situ observed sea surface winds from the Southern Ocean are scarce and, consequently, the validity of simulation models is often questionable. Multiple wind data products were compared to the first known high-resolution in situ measurements of wind speed from Wave Glider (WG) deployments in the Southern Ocean with the intent to determine which blended satellite or reanalysis product best represents the magnitude and variability of the observed wind field. Results show that the ECMWF reanalysis product is the most accurate in representing the temporal variability of winds, exhibiting consistently higher correlation coefficients with in situ data across all wind speed categories. However, the NCEP–DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis product matches in situ trends of deviation from the mean and performs best in depicting the mean wind state, especially during high wind states. The ECMWF product also leads to smaller differences in wind speeds from the in situ data, while CFSv2 showed slightly higher biases and a greater RMSE. The SeaWinds (SW) product consistently performed poorly at representing the mean or wind stress variability compared to those observed by the WG. Overall, the study shows autonomous surface vehicles provide valuable observations by which to validate, understand, and potentially assist in correcting satellite/reanalysis products, particularly in remote regions, where few in situ estimates exist.
A framework to create more mentally healthy workplaces: A viewpoint
Authors: Petrie Katherine , Joyce Sadhbh , Tan Leona , Henderson Max , Johnson Anya , Nguyen Helena , Modini Matthew , Groth Markus , Glozier Nicholas , Harvey Samuel B
Published: August 2017

Mental illness is now the leading cause of long-term sickness absence among Australian workers, with significant costs to the individual, their employers and society more broadly. However, to date, there has been little evidence-informed guidance as to what workplaces should be doing to enhance their employees’ mental health and wellbeing. In this article, we present a framework outlining the key strategies employers can implement to create more mentally healthy workplaces. The five key strategies outlined are as follows: (1) designing work to minimise harm, (2) building organisational resilience through good management, (3) enhancing personal resilience, (4) promoting early help-seeking and (5) supporting recovery and return to work. A narrative review is utilised to outline the theoretical evidence for this framework and to describe the available research evidence for a number of key example interventions for each of the five strategies. While each workplace needs to develop tailored solutions, the five strategy framework proposed in this review will hopefully provide a simple framework for employers and those advising them to use when judging the adequacy of existing services and considering opportunities for further enhancements.
Germany, Russia, Europe: Multilevel politics and the divergent resonance of “history”
Authors: Wood Steve
Published: August 2017

The German and Russian nations share a long relationship. They fought the largest part of the world’s largest ever war. Resonances of that conflict and the Cold War that followed it still permeate their contemporary relationship. Under very different political systems, however, “history” is interpreted and responded to very differently. Concern for status and image, as well as geostrategic factors, motivate Russian officialdom’s disputing of the “post-Cold War order.” Germany is viewed as the pivotal state and nation in Europe. Russia seeks to influence Germany’s civil society and political elite in the attempt to obtain favourable policy outcomes. Sympathy for the Russian position within Germany is outweighed by disquiet regarding Russian foreign policy adventurism and its authoritarian regime more generally.
Examining informal defence and security arrangements’ legalization: Canada–US agreements, 1955–2005
Authors: Kimball Anessa L.
Published: August 2017

This article presents and examines a model of legalization on an original dataset of informal Canadian–US defence and security arrangements (DSA) formed between 1955 and 2005. Non-treaty arrangements permit US presidents to bypass Senate ratification, resulting in expediency and secrecy, both assets in defence and security relations. That withstanding, informal arrangements contain provisions responding to certain strategic problems. They detail aspects of legalization: delegation; obligations; and precision. Leaders select informal arrangements to incur fewer public commitments, but design them to ensure credibility. In that context, what factors shape informal DSA legalization? Propositions developed from delegation and rational institutionalist arguments identify the factors influencing informal DSA legalization. The Canada–US case is germane due to its “rules-based” nature and heterogeneity. An original dataset of the legal design of eighty-two bilateral DSA is introduced and analyzed. Results confirm cabinet shuffles and unified governments decrease DSA legalization while Democrat presidents and rising military threats increase it.
A realist foreign policy for Canada in the Middle East
Authors: Juneau Thomas
Published: August 2017

Canada’s policies in the Middle East receive large amounts of media attention, but there is surprisingly little scholarly work about them. Of the few studies on the topic, moreover, most focus on analyzing past or current policies. This is certainly useful, but there is virtually no academic work focused on prescription. There is, as such, a need for theoretically informed studies laying out the rationale for a sound Canadian policy framework for the region. In this context, this paper proposes to look at Canada’s Middle East policies from a realist perspective. What are Canada’s interests? How should these translate into policy? The goal here is not to make specific prescriptions regarding each conflict or bilateral relation, but rather to propose a comprehensive framework to guide Ottawa’s broad approach to the Middle East.
Assessment of Needs: Differences between male and female patients with schizophrenia needs in psychiatric hospitals in Baghdad city
Authors: Ashoor Fatin G , Khudhur Intisar AG
Published: August 2017

Background:

Gender differences are one of the most important and crucial subjects in evaluating the nursing care as well as mental health care system for psychiatric patients especially patients with schizophrenia.

Aims:

We aimed to identify differences in needs of male and female patients with schizophrenia in psychiatric hospitals in Baghdad city and its relationship with some variables.

Method:

A descriptive, analytical design that was carried out by using Camberwell needs assessment, short appraisal schedule, self-report version (CANSAS-P) after translating to Arabic.

Results:

Results indicated that there were a lot of unmet needs of male and female patients with schizophrenia, according to the entire CANSAS-P domains especially psychological symptoms. Differences were found in types of needs as the majority of men have more social needs while females was found to be more occupied with their fears and need safety.

Conclusion:

there were differences in types of need between male and female patients with schizophrenia; needs were affected by some variables such as educational level, first 10 days of admission and family visiting.
Inside out: Gender, individualism, and representations of the contemporary South African prison
Authors: Ndlovu Isaac
Published: August 2017

This article examines A Human Being Died that Night: A Story of Forgiveness by Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela and Red Ink by Angela Makholwa, which are, respectively, auto/biographical and fictional narrative representations of the contemporary South African prison. Both narratives foreground gender because their female authors consciously posit their own femininity, in the case of Gobodo-Madikizela, and of her protagonist, in the case of Makholwa, as significant to the prison they portray. Although the way non-fiction and fiction operate cannot be conflated, Makholwa’s novel seems to mirror the structure of Gobodo-Madikizela’s auto/biography in obvious ways; an observation that helps justify why I analytically compare these narratives in this article. Most apartheid prison narratives, by authors of all genders, largely adopted an unambiguously political frame in articulating the subject positions of characters. The personal was deliberately subsumed in what appeared to be an urgent political need to dismantle the oppressive apartheid system. By contrast, there is a clear shift to the individualization of the prisoner at the expense of politicized collectivity in the selected narratives. However, my reading seeks to demonstrate that the ostensibly apolitical stance adopted by Makholwa and the personal and psychological approach taken by Gobodo-Madikizela are in fact deeply political and community-engaged processes.
Culture, Parenting, and Children’s Theory of Mind Development in Indonesia
Authors: Kuntoro Ike Anggraika , Peterson Candida C. , Slaughter Virginia
Published: August 2017

Children’s theory of mind (ToM) unfolds reliably through a sequence of conceptual milestones including, but not limited to, false belief. Sequences vary with culture, one observed previously in Western cultures (Australia, the United States) and another in two non-Western cultures, China and Iran. Two explanations for cross-cultural sequence differences have been suggested: (a) collectivism versus individualism or (b) authoritarian versus authoritative parenting. However, neither has been directly tested empirically. Our goal was to do so. Children ( n = 122, aged 4-6) in Indonesia (a collectivist culture) took Wellman and Liu’s ToM Scale. Their mothers completed two self-report measures evaluating their attitudes to (a) collectivism/individualism and (b) authoritarian versus authoritative parenting. Indonesian mothers preferred collectivism to individualism and authoritativeness to authoritarianism. Child ToM was negatively correlated with authoritarianism but unrelated to other parental attitudes. ToM Scale sequences differed significantly between Javanese and Sundanese children in Indonesia and by city of residence but not with collectivism/individualism or parenting style. Javanese children (primarily from Jakarta) matched the Western ToM Scale sequence, whereas Sundanese children (primarily from Bogor) matched the Chinese/Iranian sequence. Findings highlight benefits of going beyond broad characterizations to directly examine how culture, ethnicity, and parenting relate to ToM sequences and development.
An International Labour Organization instrument on violence against women and men at work: The Australian influence
Authors: Aeberhard-Hodges Jane , McFerran Ludo
Published: August 2017

Violence in and out of work, both domestic violence and sexual harassment, are violations of human rights and impact heavily in the workplace. All forms of violence result in a high cost for workers, employers and society in general, in lost time, injuries, complaints, staff turnover, loss of skills, and reputational risk. The International Labour Organization has decided to discuss in 2018 an international labour standard on this subject. In Australia, there has been wide recognition for some time of sexual harassment as a significant workplace issue. Now there are greater inroads toward recognizing and addressing the impact of other forms of gender-based violence in the world of work, hence the growing number of clauses in enterprise agreements and state awards aiming to mitigate the impact of domestic violence on workers, both women and men, and the movement to have clauses in modern awards that specify paid time off to allow a worker time to deal with the problem. Australian experience may help shape the proposed International Labour Organization instrument on workplace gendered violence.
The Experience of Trauma Resulting From the Loss of a Child and Posttraumatic Growth—The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies (Loss of a Child, PTG, and Coping)
Authors: Ogińska-Bulik Nina , Kobylarczyk Magdalena
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study was to determine the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between intensity of trauma resulting from the loss of a child and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The study included a group of 76 persons who regarded the loss of a child as a traumatic event. The majority (55.3%) of respondents were women. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 62 years ( M = 35.88; SD = 9.52). A visual scale to measure intensity of trauma was used, and the Polish versions of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and Coping Inventory (Brief-Cope). The subjects revealed PTG, primarily in terms of appreciating of life and relating to others. Seeking social support, both emotional and instrumental, plays a mediating role between the intensity of trauma and PTG. Encouraging people who have experienced trauma to seek social support may not only enable adaptation to the situation but also contribute to the occurrence of PTG.
A Cross-Cultural Study in Germany, Russia, and China: Are Resilient and Social Supported Students Protected Against Depression, Anxiety, and Stress?
Authors: Brailovskaia Julia , Schönfeld Pia , Zhang Xiao Chi , Bieda Angela , Kochetkov Yakov , Margraf Jürgen
Published: August 2017

This study cross-culturally investigated resilience and social support as possible protective factors for mental health. The values of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, resilience and social support were collected from German (N = 4433), Russian (N = 3774), and Chinese students (N = 4982). The samples were split (two-thirds vs. one-third) to cross-validate the results. In all samples, resilience and social support were significantly negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. While in Germany those associations were stronger for social support, in Russia and in China stronger associations were found for resilience. Furthermore, in all samples, resilience was found to mediate the association between social support and the negative mental health variables significantly. In conclusion, resilience and social support are universal interrelated protective factors for mental health independently of historical, cultural, social, and geographical conditions of a country.
The worker collectivity and Anglo-Saxon theories of collectivity
Authors: Skorstad Egil J , Karlsson Jan C
Published: August 2017

The Norwegian sociologist Sverre Lysgaard’s theory of the worker collectivity is virtually unknown outside Scandinavia. This article presents the basic principles of the theory and compares it to three British theories in the same research area of resistance at work: Stewart et al. on the collective worker and collectivism; Fox on the employee collectivity; and Ackroyd and Thompson on self-organization. The main aim in this article is to examine whether Lysgaard’s theory may have anything to contribute to the international body of theories on collectivity. It is concluded that it stands out as a more thorough analytical examination of the constitutional mechanisms supporting collective action when compared to the other theories discussed.
The durability of coordinated bargaining: Crisis, recovery and pay fixing in Ireland
Authors: Roche William K , Gormley Tom
Published: August 2017

The international literature on the economic and fiscal crisis that heralded the Great Recession emphasizes the negative effects of ‘disorganized decentralization’ on unions’ capacities for pay coordination and ultimately on their effectiveness in representing their members. These effects are seen as particularly pronounced in countries on the ‘European periphery’ such as Ireland. The article challenges this view by showing how the collapse of social partnership and centralized bargaining in Ireland was soon followed in the private sector by a new form of coordinated decentralized pattern bargaining. Coordinated sectoral bargaining emerged and was sustained in the public service. The durability of pay coordination is attributed to the strategic postures of unions, combined with embedded features of industrial relations institutions. The comparative import of the Irish case arises less from ‘disorganized decentralization’ than from the resilience of coordination following one of the most severe economic and fiscal shocks experienced by any advanced economy.
The changing face of youth employment in Europe
Authors: Lewis Paul , Heyes Jason
Published: August 2017

This article examines trends in youth employment across the EU-15 countries during 2002–2006 and 2007–2011. Drawing upon microdata from the EU Labour Force Survey it examines changes in contract type, hours worked and occupation by level of education. Although the financial crisis creates a discontinuity in numbers employed, and despite certain country specificities, the authors observe common structural changes across the two periods. They find an increasing shift from permanent full-time to temporary part-time contracts, the ‘hollowing out’ of traditional mid-skill level occupations and evidence of ‘occupational filtering down’ whereby the higher-educated are substituted for the lower-educated in low-skilled occupations. The authors observe some growth in ‘professionals’ following the crisis, but little evidence of the rise of a new knowledge economy. This raises questions concerning the most appropriate policy approaches to education and training and labour market regulation if European nations are to provide high-quality employment opportunities for their young people.
Examining the Synergistic Effects of Two Transdiagnostic Vulnerability Factors in Relation to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Disorders Among Latinos in a Community Health Care Setting
Authors: Paulus Daniel J. , Kauffman Brooke Y. , Garey Lorra , Jardin Charles , Manning Kara , Bakhshaie Jafar , Garza Monica , Ochoa-Perez Melissa , Lemaire Chad , Zvolensky Michael J.
Published: August 2017

Latinos are one of the fastest growing racial/ethnic population in the United States yet they experience a substantial amount of mental health disparities, such as anxiety and depression, compared with non-Hispanic Whites. The current study examined the interactive effects of rumination and mindful attention on anxiety and depression symptoms among economically disadvantaged Latinos. Participants consisted of 391 Latinos (86.7% female; Mage = 38.8 years [ SD = 11.4]; 95.3% first language Spanish) who attended a community-based primary health care clinic. Results provided support for an interaction effect of rumination with mindful attention in relation to depressive, suicidal, social anxiety, and anxious arousal symptoms as well as number of mood and anxiety disorders. The pattern of findings was consistent across each of these continuous dependent measures such that the highest levels of each affective variable were found for those with a combination of higher rumination and lower mindful attention. Unexpectedly, there was no interaction in relation to the dichotomous outcome of presence of any mood/anxiety diagnosis.
Asymptotic Variance of Linking Coefficient Estimators for Polytomous IRT Models
Authors: Andersson Björn
Published: August 2017

In item response theory (IRT), when two groups from different populations take two separate tests, there is a need to link the two ability scales so that the item parameters of the tests are comparable across the groups. To link the two scales, information from common items are utilized to estimate linking coefficients which place the item parameters on the same scale. For polytomous IRT models, the Haebara and Stocking–Lord methods for estimating the linking coefficients have commonly been recommended. However, estimates of the variance for these methods are not available in the literature. In this article, the asymptotic variance of linking coefficients for polytomous IRT models with the Haebara and Stocking–Lord methods are derived. The results are presented in a general form and specific results are given for the generalized partial credit model. Simulations which investigate the accuracy of the derivations under various settings of model complexity and sample size are provided, showing that the derivations are accurate under the conditions considered and that the Haebara and Stocking–Lord methods have superior performance to several moment methods with performance close to that of concurrent calibration.
Improvising and Navigating Mobilities: Tacking in Everyday Life
Authors: Amit Vered , Knowles Caroline
Published: August 2017

This article aims to deepen and extend theoretical understanding of mobility by exploring some of the mechanisms by which it operates. It introduces the concept and practices of ‘tacking’ as a frame for examining the creative processes of navigation and improvisation through which people approach and reflect on the irregularities and uncertainties of their everyday rounds, enacted or otherwise narrated as spatial biography – lives conceived in mobile-spatial terms. ‘Tacking’ also travels beyond this frame of reference, i.e. it is ‘good to think with’ across different substantive contexts of social interaction. Tacking suggests ongoing adjustment and modification that respond to shifting circumstances and may create new facts on the ground, which elicit further adjustments.
Regulatory Effectiveness and Social Equity in Environmental Governance: Assessing Goal Conflict, Trade-Off, and Synergy
Authors: Liang Jiaqi
Published: August 2017

Public organizations function in an environment of goal multiplicity and constantly juggle goal trade-off and synergy. However, little empirical research explores how the potential conflict between effectiveness and equity affects government agencies’ decision making. This study examines the extent to which public agencies are committed to regulatory effectiveness and social equity in environmental policy management, and the circumstances under which administrative agencies engage in goal trade-off and synergy. Analyzing data on the Clean Air Act in New York State, this study finds that although regulatory effectiveness is salient to government’s policy implementation, equity-oriented policy is likely to give rise to trade-off in this goal domain. The state agency manages environmental programs in an equitable way, and policy intervention has inconsistent effects on the equity goal achievement. The agency does, in some instances, synergize two goals in loci reflecting the convergence of task demands, but equity-oriented policy does not reinforce such behavioral pattern. Findings beg the question regarding how public policies and programs can be devised in ways that help avert goal trade-off and engender the maximum level of social outcomes.
Range in systolic blood pressure and care-needs certification in long-term care insurance in community-dwelling older patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Himeno Taroh , Okuno Tazuo , Watanabe Keisuke , Nakajima Kumie , Iritani Osamu , Yano Hiroshi , Morita Takuro , Igarashi Yuta , Okuro Masashi , Morimoto Shigeto
Published: August 2017

Objective

Low systolic blood pressure (SBP) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in older patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study evaluated the association between range in blood pressure and first care-needs certification in the Long-term Care Insurance (LTCI) system or death in community-dwelling older subjects with or without CKD.

Methods

CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or dipstick proteinuria of + or greater. Our study was conducted in 1078 older subjects aged 65–94 years. Associations were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

During 5 years of follow-up, 135 first certifications and 53 deaths occurred. Among patients with CKD, moderate SBP (130–159 mmHg) was associated with a significantly lower adjusted risk of subsequent total certification (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.44) and subsequent certification owing to dementia (HR = 0.17) compared with SBP < 130 mmHg. These relationships were not observed in non-CKD subjects.

Conclusion

Lower SBP of <130 mmHg may predict a higher risk for subsequent first care-needs certification in LTCI, especially for dementia, in community-dwelling patients with CKD.
Aggressive development of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the proximal femur in a paediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Ulici Alexandru , Sterian Alin Gabriel , Tevanov Iulia , Carp Madalina , Dusca Andrei , Cosma Dan
Published: August 2017

We report development of an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) that was located in the proximal region of the femur in an 11-year-old girl. Over a period of 30 weeks, the ABC showed fulminant local progression, with destruction of the bone, which led to an abrupt loss of function of the left hip. The standard tumour treatment protocol was followed. We performed embolisation of the tumour followed by a biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of ABC. The outcome was negative with total destruction of the proximal third of the femur, despite repeating the embolisation. Because of the unfavourable local progression, a second biopsy was performed and we reconfirmed the initial diagnosis. The final decision regarding the therapeutic approach was total hip arthroplasty with femoral reconstruction with a prosthesis. Following this treatment, the patient’s outcome was favourable, with complete recovery of function and no local relapse.
Characteristics of resveratrol and serotonin on antioxidant capacity and susceptibility to oxidation of red blood cells in stored human blood in a time-dependent manner
Authors: Huyut Zübeyir , Şekeroğlu Mehmet Ramazan , Balahoroğlu Ragıp , Huyut Mehmet Tahir
Published: August 2017

Objective

In stored red blood cells (RBCs), which are used in diseases (e.g., acute blood loss and leukaemia), storage lesions arise by oxidative stress and other factors over time. This study investigated the protective effects of resveratrol and serotonin on stored RBCs.

Methods

Blood from each donor (n = 10) was placed in different bags containing 70 mL of citrate phosphate dextrose (total volume: 500 mL) and divided into three groups (n = 30): control, 60 µg/mL resveratrol, and 60 µg/mL serotonin. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, and carbonic anhydrase (CA), and susceptibility to oxidation in RBCs, and pH in whole blood were measured at baseline and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28.

Results

MDA levels and susceptibility to oxidation were increased in all three groups time-dependently, but this increase was greater in the serotonin group than in the other groups. Activity of GSH-Px, CAT, and CA, as well as GSH levels, were decreased in the control and serotonin groups time-dependently, but were significantly preserved in the resveratrol group. The pH was decreased in all groups time-dependently.

Conclusion

Our study shows that resveratrol attenuates susceptibility to oxidation of RBCs and protects their antioxidant capacity, and partially preserves CA activity time-dependently.
Efficacy of Pentax airway scope versus Macintosh laryngoscope when used by novice personnel: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Kim Kyu Nam , Jeong Mi Ae , Oh You Na , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Ji Yoon
Published: August 2017

Objective

To determine whether intubation education using the Pentax Airway Scope (AWS) in normal airways is more useful than direct laryngoscopy (Macintosh laryngoscope) in novice personnel.

Methods

Eleven intern doctors without intubation experience performed 60 sequential intubations with each device on a manikin and 10 sequential intubations in adult patients. The time required for successful intubation, percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score, number of intubation attempts, and number of dental injuries were analyzed for each intubation technique.

Results

The mean (standard deviation) time required for successful intubation decreased as the number of intubations increased and was significantly shorter with the Pentax AWS than direct laryngoscope [22.6 (7.3) vs. 29.6 (10.0) and 33.0 (8.0) vs. 44.7 (5.6) s, respectively] in both the manikin and clinical studies. The Pentax AWS was also associated with higher POGO scores than the direct laryngoscope [81.7 (8.9) vs. 55.1 (13.2) and 80.9 (9.7) vs. 49.6 (16.5), respectively] and fewer intubation attempts. Fewer dental injuries occurred with the Pentax AWS in the manikin study.

Conclusions

Novices performed intubation more rapidly and easily with an improved laryngeal view using the Pentax AWS. We suggest that intubation education with video laryngoscopy should be mandatory along with direct laryngoscope training.
The Mediating Effect of Self-Control on Parenting and Delinquency: A Gendered Approach With a Multinational Sample
Authors: Muftić Lisa R. , Updegrove Alexander H.
Published: August 2017

This study aims to clarify the relationships between parenting techniques, low self-control, and juvenile delinquency in Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime while controlling for alternative explanations of delinquency. We relied on a sample of 35,511 adolescent students from 31 countries from the International Self-Report Delinquency 2 Study. Results indicate that parenting exhibits a direct effect on adolescents’ violence perpetration and property offending, and that while self-control weakens the strength of this relationship, it fails to fully mediate it. Males reported lower levels of self-control, exposure to poorer parenting techniques, and higher rates of violence perpetration and property offending. The relationship between parenting, self-control, and juvenile delinquency was similar for females and males. These results provide evidence that parenting has important implications for adolescents’ involvement in delinquency above and beyond its influence on their level of self-control.
Surgical Treatment of Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures: An Analysis of Complications in 784 Surgical Repairs
Authors: Dunphy Taylor R. , Hudson Justin , Batech Michael , Acevedo Daniel C. , Mirzayan Raffy
Published: August 2017

Background:

Distal biceps brachii tendon ruptures lead to substantial deficits in elbow flexion and supination; surgical repair restores muscle strength and endurance.

Purpose:

To examine clinical and surgical outcomes for distal biceps tendon repairs in a large, multispecialty, integrated health care system.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study of distal biceps tendon repairs performed between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2015. The repair methods were classified as double-incision approach using bone tunnel–suture fixation or anterior single-incision approach. Anterior single incisions were further classified according to the fixation method: cortical button alone, cortical button and interference screw, or suture anchors alone. Patient demographics, surgeon characteristics, range of motion, and complications were analyzed for all repair types.

Results:

Of the 784 repairs that met the inclusion criteria, 639 (81.5%) were single-incision approaches. When comparing double-incision and single-incision repairs, there was a significantly higher rate of posterior interosseous nerve palsy (3.4% vs 0.8%, P = .010), heterotopic bone formation (7.6% vs 2.7%, P = .004), and reoperation (8.3% vs 2.3%, P < .001). The most common nerve complication encountered was a lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve palsy (n = 162), which was significantly more common in the single-incision repairs than in the double-incision repairs (24.4% vs 4.1%, P < .001). When excluding lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve palsies, there was no significant difference in the overall nerve palsies between single-incision and double-incision (5.8% vs 6.9%, P = .612). The overall rate of tendon rerupture was 1.9% (single incision, 1.6%; double incision, 2.8%; P = .327). The overall rate of postoperative wound infection was 1.5% (single incision, 1.3%; double incision, 2.8%; P = .182). The average time from surgery to release from medical care was 14.4 weeks (single incision, 14 weeks; double incision, 16 weeks; P = .286). Patients treated with cortical button plus interference screw were released significantly sooner than were patients with other single-incision repair types (13.1 ± 8.01 weeks, P = .011). There were no significant differences in rates of motor neurapraxia, infection, rerupture, and reoperation with regard to surgeon’s years of practice, fellowship training, or case volume.

Conclusion:

The surgical repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures has an overall low rate of serious complications, regardless of approach or technique. However, the double-incision technique has a higher rate of posterior interosseous nerve palsy, heterotopic bone formation, and reoperation rate. Surgeon’s years of practice, fellowship training, and case volume do not affect the rate of major complications.
Understanding Impulsivity Among Children With Specific Learning Disabilities in Inclusion Schools
Authors: Al-Dababneh Kholoud Adeeb , Al-Zboon Eman K.
Published: August 2017

Impulsive behavior is a characteristic of children with specific learning disabilities (SLD), and is related to learning ability. The present study aims to identify impulsivity behavior in children with SLD who attend inclusion schools, from their resource room teachers’ perspectives. A 31-item questionnaire that addressed four subscales was designed, and the study sample consisted of 103 resource room teachers of children with SLD from various inclusion schools in Al-Zarqa city in Jordan. The results revealed that the main problem was related to lack of premeditation, followed by lack of perseverance and urgency. The results also indicated that there were statistically significant differences only for the Lack of Perseverance subscale, with regard to level of disability, whereas there were no differences attributed to teacher gender, child gender, and age. Based on these findings, implications and recommendations are discussed.
The Impact of Changing Demographic Composition on Aggravated Assault Victimization During the Great American Crime Decline
Authors: Kaylen Maria , Pridemore William Alex , Roche Sean Patrick
Published: August 2017

The United States experienced a dramatic decline in interpersonal violence rates between the early 1990s and mid-2000s. This decline, however, was much steeper in urban and suburban relative to rural areas. Prior research showed changing demographic composition can account for a substantial amount of change in inequality in victimization rates. We employed National Crime Victimization Survey data and counterfactual modeling to determine if changes in demographic composition—including proportion of population young, unmarried, male, unemployed, and in several income groups—of urban, suburban, and rural areas were partially responsible for changes between 1993 and 2005 in (1) area-specific aggravated assault victimization rates and (2) urban–suburban, urban–rural, and suburban–rural victimization rate ratios. Results showed changes in individual demographic characteristics played a very minor role in changes in area-specific assault rates. The one exception was income, which explained a substantial amount of change in victimization rates across all three areas. Changes in demographic composition explained a greater amount of change in rural relative to urban and suburban victimization rates. Changes in demographic composition across these three area types were also responsible for a small proportion of the large changes in the urban–rural and suburban–rural victimization rate ratios over time.
Neighborhood Planning, Participation, and Rational Choice
Authors: Mace Alan , Tewdwr-Jones Mark
Published: August 2017

The focus of this article is the development of neighborhood planning in England, in particular its guiding principle of local people as rational actors. The article looks at neighborhood planning in its own terms; that is, it looks at the rationality of engagement in a new system that seeks to tip the balance of rationality in favor of communities following the UK government’s aims of overcoming local resistance to the development of new housing. While there is evidence that neighborhood planning is enjoying some success, this is a delicate settlement.
Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Positive and Negative Impact of Spiritual Religious Coping on Quality of Life and Depression in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Vitorino Luciano Magalhães , Soares Renata de Castro e Santos , Santos Ana Eliza Oliveira , Lucchetti Alessandra Lamas Granero , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Cortez Paulo José Oliveira , Lucchetti Giancarlo
Published: August 2017

Background: Studies have shown that spiritual/religious beliefs are associated with mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, few studies evaluated how spiritual/religious coping (SRC) could affect hemodialysis patients. Objectives: The present study investigated the role of SRC behaviors on HRQoL and depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients. Design and Participants: This was cross-sectional study with 184 patients. Patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Brief SRC Scale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and a Sociodemographic and Health Characterization Questionnaire. Results: From 218 patients, 184 (84.4%) were included (53.8% male with a median age of 55.9 years). Negative SRC, but not positive SRC, was associated with depressive symptoms. Positive SRC presented significant effects in SF-36 pain and physical and social functioning. On the other hand, negative SRC exhibited significant effects in SF-36 role emotional, energy/fatigue, pain, and physical functioning. Conclusion: SRC influences the mental health and HRQoL in Brazilian hemodialysis patients in two distinct ways. If used positively, it may have positive outcomes. However, if used negatively, it may lead to dysfunctional consequences such as greater depressive symptomatology and affect HRQoL. Health professionals must be aware of these “two sides of the same coin.”
An analytical model for predicting permanent plastic deflection and strain distributions in aluminium-alloy plates under low velocity impact loading
Authors: Bai Jiangbo , Xiong Junjiang , Shenoi Ajit R , Liu Meng
Published: August 2017

This paper proposes a new analytical model to predict plastic deformation and strain distributions in aluminium-alloy plates under low velocity impact loading. The low velocity impact load on the fully clamped circular plate was idealized as a quasi-static normal point force acting at the centre of plate. Based on apt geometrical approximation and assumptions, governing equations were established to predict the out-of-plane deflection and the radial tensile, radial and circumferential flexure strains in fully clamped conditions. From the deformation theory of plasticity, a new formula was derived to estimate the impact load by incorporating strain-energy approach, bilinear strain-hardening constitutive model and the one-dimensional Tresca yield criterion. Low velocity impact tests were performed to confirm the proposed model and good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed model.
Bond graph-based dynamic model of planetary roller screw mechanism with consideration of axial clearance and friction
Authors: Ma Shangjun , Zhang Tao , Liu Geng , He Jipeng
Published: August 2017

To reveal the dynamic characteristics of planetary roller screw mechanism, a dynamic model of planetary roller screw mechanism is developed in this study, which is based on the bond graph theory that accounts for friction, axial clearance, and screw stiffness. First, the bond graph models of friction, axial clearance, and load distribution are presented. Then, a bond graph model of the entire planetary roller screw mechanism for the dynamic analysis is established using the 20-sim software package, and the dynamic equations are solved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg algorithm. Finally, the axial speed, axial acceleration, and contact force of the components are derived under different axial loads and with different axial clearances. Furthermore, the dynamic friction characteristics at different angular velocities of the screw and the dynamic stiffnesses for different axial clearances are also obtained. The results can provide a theoretical basis for planetary roller screw mechanism design with consideration of dynamic characteristics.