bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting Parental Deception in the Child Safeguarding Context
Authors: Fox Leah
Published: December 2021

Amid a scarce body of literature examining the ability of practitioners to distinguish between truthful and deceptive behaviours by parents, this qualitative study evaluated how social workers, healthcare professionals and police officers identified parental deception in child safeguarding contexts. Using constructivist grounded theory, primary data were obtained through interviews and observations with multiagency child safeguarding professionals from three local authorities in England. Results indicate that multiagency practitioners identify and respond differently to features of parental deception. Social workers and healthcare practitioners distinguish between malicious and benign parental deception, and do not acknowledge benign untruths told by parents as lies. All practitioners in the police, social work and healthcare are familiar with various parental deception tactics in their practices, and they rely on their intuition and practice wisdom in detecting deception.

‘This qualitative study evaluated how social workers, healthcare professionals and police officers identified parental deception in child safeguarding contexts’

Key Practitioner Messages

Child safeguarding multiagency practitioners identify and respond differently to features of parental deception.

Multiagency professionals identify falsification, omission, evasion and distraction as important behaviour characteristics of parental deception.

Deception tactics are deployed selectively by parents with different multiagency practitioners: avoidance, intimidation and refusal to engage are indicators of possible lies in social care; parents are ‘sticking together’ in police practice; and tactics such as aggression, parents exaggerating symptoms and having no explanation for children's injuries are present in healthcare settings.
A critical discursive psychology approach to understanding how disaster victims are delegitimized by hostile Twitter posts: Racism, victim‐blaming, and forms of attack following the Grenfell Tower fire
Authors: Tekin Selin , Drury John
Published: December 2021

In this study, we aim to investigate how expressions of racism, victim‐blaming, and attacks in different forms might function to delegitimize the support that victims might receive from the public. In order to understand how different forms of attacks in language happened to delegitimize the victims of the Grenfell Tower fire, we collected 416 hostile tweets from Twitter and used a critical discursive psychology approach to understand what was said, how it was said, and how it functioned. We found that attacking the victims was accomplished in two ways: (a) Twitter posts drew upon a conspiracy theory in which survivors and victims benefitted from the support of a supposed ‘liberal establishment’, and (b) Twitter posts delegitimized victims via ascribing them illegitimate identities. We also discuss the importance of counter‐discourses that might be used to challenge these attacks and facilitate the representation of community empowerment when there is a disaster.
Successful ruxolitinib administration for a patient with steroid‐refractory idiopathic pneumonia syndrome following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tomomasa Dan , Isoda Takeshi , Mitsuiki Noriko , Yamashita Motoi , Morishita Aoi , Tomoda Takahiro , Okano Tsubasa , Endo Akifumi , Kamiya Takahiro , Yanagimachi Masakatsu , Imai Kohsuke , Kanegane Hirokazu , Takagi Masatoshi , Morio Tomohiro
Published: December 2021

Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is an acute lung complication observed after the early posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) period. Ruxolitinib was effective for a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who developed severe IPS after second HSCT. No severe adverse effects were observed. Ruxolitinib may be an alternative choice for HSCT‐related IPS.
Unusual presentation of oral hemangioma in tongue and the potential use of propolis as an adjunctive treatment
Authors: Susan Susan , Ravalia Munir , Zulhendri Felix
Published: December 2021

Tongue hemangioma is a rare case of vascular tumors that causes symptoms such as pain, bleeding, difficulty in chewing, speaking, and breathing. We report a case of an oral lobular capillary hemangioma on the dorsal surface of the tongue treated with surgical excision and postoperative application of propolis extract.
Iron‐Catalyzed Epoxidation of Linear α‐Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Mao Shuxin , Budweg Svenja , Spannenberg Anke , Wen Xiaodong , Yang Yong , Li Yong‐Wang , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: December 2021

The combination of Fe(OTf)2 with N‐methyl bis(picolylamine) (Me‐bpa) L7 enables epoxidation of linear olefins including terminal, internal, and cyclic ones, using hydrogen peroxide as terminal oxidant under mild conditions. In the presence of picolinic acid as additive improved yields of epoxides up to 75 % have been achieved.
Carbonated hydroxyapatite‐assisted visible light degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Asimeng Bernard Owusu , Obeng Ernest Emmanuel , Obeng‐Gyasi Obed , Alipoormazandarani Niloofar , Annan Ebenezer , Nyankson Emmanuel , Efavi Johnson Kwame , Tiburu Elvis Kwason , Foster E. Johan , Czernuszka Jan T.
Published: December 2021

Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAp) material was prepared from calcite and phosphate‐containing solution using the wet chemical precipitation method. The CHAp material was used to remove methylene blue (MB) from simulated contaminated water and further degraded the MB with the help of visible light (VL). The structure of the CHAp was characterized using X‐ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, Branuer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, while the energy bandgap, Eg, reaction rate constant and MB removal/degradation efficiencies were studied using UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The characterization data revealed that the CHAp was a type‐B carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite material with a nonmicroporous network with an Eg of 2.26–2.82 eV. The Eg allowed VL entrapment that resulted in reactive free radicals that degraded the MBs in the CHAp. The reaction rate constant, K, and removal efficiencies, R, were modeled using the exponential decay function and descriptive statistics (DS), respectively. In close approximation, the K values of the reaction under VL were doubled when compared to the reaction under dark conditions. Under dark and under VL efficiencies, the DS showed a negative and zero skewness for MB removal by CHAp, respectively. The findings show that VL exposure on the CHAp causes a faster reaction rate constant and a higher MB removal efficiency within the time constraints, which would revolutionize dye removal from water industries in terms of cost‐effectiveness.
CISH and IHC for the Simultaneous Detection of ZIKV RNA and Antigens in Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Cell Blocks and Tissues
Authors: Corchuelo Sheryll , Gómez Claudia Y. , Rosales Alicia A. , Santamaria Gerardo , Rivera Jorge Alonso , Saad Edgar Parra , Torres‐Fernández Orlando , Rengifo Aura Caterine
Published: December 2021

Zika virus is an arthropod‐borne virus that has recently emerged as a significant public health emergency due to its association with congenital malformations. Serological and molecular tests are typically used to confirm Zika virus infection. These methods, however, have limitations when the interest is in localizing the virus within the tissue and identifying the specific cell types involved in viral dissemination. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are common histological techniques used for intracellular localization of RNA and protein expression, respectively. The combined use of CISH and IHC is important to obtain information about RNA replication and the location of infected target cells involved in Zika virus neuropathogenesis. There are no reports, however, of detailed procedures for the simultaneous detection of Zika virus RNA and proteins in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples. Furthermore, the chromogenic detection methods for Zika virus RNA published thus far use expensive commercial kits, limiting their widespread use. As an alternative, we describe here a detailed and cost‐effective step‐by‐step procedure for the simultaneous detection of Zika virus RNA and proteins in FFPE samples. First, we describe how to synthesize and purify homemade RNA probes conjugated with digoxygenin. Then, we outline the steps to perform the chromogenic detection of Zika virus RNA using these probes, and how to combine this technique with the immunodetection of viral antigens. To illustrate the entire workflow, we use FFPE samples derived from infected Vero cells as well as from human and mouse brain tissues. These methods are highly adaptable and can be used to study Zika virus or even other viruses of public health relevance, providing an optimal and economical alternative for laboratories with limited resources. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of RNA probes conjugated with digoxigenin (DIG)

Basic Protocol 2: Simultaneous detection of ZIKV RNA and proteins in FFPE cell blocks and tissues
Traits and underlying genetics important for low‐input organic sorghum production
Authors: Boyles Richard E. , Ackerman Arlyn J. , Kresovich Stephen
Published: December 2021

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a potential crop for organic production that could help meet the demand increase in organic food products and feed grains, but no efforts have been made to improve sorghum breeding tools, techniques, and methods for this cropping system. Based on revelations in other crops, focal traits and their prioritization to optimize sorghum for organic use likely differs from conventional sorghum breeding targets. This study evaluated yield performance, agronomic characteristics, and biotic stress resistance under certified organic practices in a range of grain sorghum genotypes that included 70 hybrids, 72 advanced breeding lines, and 43 diverse accessions, as well as 10 sweet sorghum cultivars and four commercial maize hybrids. Multiyear, multilocation trial data demonstrated that sorghum can be effectively produced using sustainable and organic inputs, but hybrid or cultivar selection is extremely important for success as entry means for grain yield ranged from 26 to 5,970 kg ha−1. Yields of top sorghum entries rivaled commercially available maize (Zea mays) hybrids. Overall, hybrids significantly outperformed inbred lines as heterosis proved beneficial for influential agronomic traits, although a Clemson F6 advanced breeding line, PV20_0426, ranked second in yield. Sugarcane aphid tolerance, increased canopy closure, and grain mold resistance were positively correlated with grain yield and should be considered target traits for breeding sorghum hybrids and cultivars for organic use. Depending on possible seed production constraints, developing pure line cultivars with the proper trait package may be effective to diminish this potential obstacle for the organic sorghum market.
Wave propagation in a doubly tapered shear beam: Model and application to a pyramid‐shaped skyscraper
Authors: Todorovska Maria I. , Girmay Eyerusalem A. , Wang Fangbo , Rahmani Mohammadtaghi
Published: December 2021

One dimensional wave propagation is studied in a cantilever conical structure deforming in shear. The structure has rectangular cross‐section both dimensions of which decrease linearly along the polar axis (hence, doubly tapered). The equation motion is derived and solved in terms of spherical Bessel functions, which can be expressed exactly as finite algebraic expressions in terms of powers and sine and cosine functions of the polar coordinate. The transfer‐matrix for a truncated pyramid element is then derived and generalized to a chain of elements. The model is used to represent a 48‐story pyramid‐shaped steel‐frame skyscraper, the Transamerica Tower in San Francisco, California, in which the Loma Prieta, 1989 earthquake (, epicentral distance, km) was recorded by an array of accelerometers. The building is modeled by homogeneous and layered truncated pyramids. Wave propagation through the building is studied by analysis of impulse response functions computed from the observed earthquake accelerations. In addition, its equivalent homogeneous beam shear‐wave velocity is identified solely from its geometry and observed fundamental frequency of vibration. Further, the variation of wave velocity along is height is identified by least squares fit of a layered pyramid model in the observed impulse response functions. The results reveal equivalent homogeneous pyramid wave velocity of about 150–160 m/s in both directions, which is similar to other steel‐frame structures. The identified wave velocity profiles are consistent with the structural design. The identified parameters can be used as reference in future structural health monitoring of this structure.
Stepping Up: A U.S. Perspective on the Ten Steps to Responsible Inland Fisheries
Authors: Carlson Andrew K , Taylor William W , DeVries Dennis R , Ferreri C Paola , Fogarty Michael J , Hartman Kyle J , Infante Dana M , Kinnison Michael T , Levin Simon A , Melstrom Richard T , Newman Raymond M , Pinsky Malin L , Rubenstein Daniel I , Sullivan S Mažeika P , Venturelli Paul A , Weber Michael J , Wuellner Melissa R , Zydlewski Gayle B
Published: December 2021

The Ten Steps to Responsible Inland Fisheries are global recommendations to address the subordinate position of inland fisheries in sustainability dialogues. Regional and local perspectives are essential for implementing global initiatives. Hence, we surveyed state fisheries agency administrators and American Fisheries Society Governing Board members about the importance, funding, and achievability of the Steps. Respondents rated Science, Communication, and Assessment as highly important, well funded, and achievable steps, unlike Aquaculture and a global Action Plan. Nutrition was rated the most inadequately supported yet achievable step, highlighting an opportunity to promote nutritional contributions of inland fisheries. Opinions were similar between administrators and Governing Board members across U.S. regions, suggesting a foundation for incorporating underemphasized steps into management programs by building multi-organizational partnerships and applying lessons from better integrated steps (e.g., Science, Assessment). Overall, the Steps can advance freshwater science and management in the United States while increasing the visibility of inland fisheries that are rarely prioritized globally.
Synchrony in head and neck surgery: Feasibility and outcomes of simultaneous scapular free flap reconstruction
Authors: Deane Emily C. , Liu Alice Q. , Nguyen Sally , Anderson Donald W. , Durham James Scott , Prisman Eitan
Published: December 2021

Background

The scapula free flap is a versatile option in head and neck reconstruction but is less amenable to simultaneous harvest and ablation.

Methods

Retrospective series (2015–2021) of consecutive scapula flaps. Cases categorized as simultaneous versus sequential, compared for operative time, oncological and patient‐reported outcomes.

Results

Seventy consecutive scapula free flaps were performed (n = 21 simultaneous, n = 49 sequential). Mandible reconstruction was performed in 51.0% and 61.9% of sequential and simultaneous cases, respectively; 49.0% and 38.1% addressed bony maxillary defects. Simultaneous surgery reduced operative time by 37.9% (151 min, p < 0.00001) and there were fewer tracheostomies performed (p < 0.005). Rates of positive margins and free flap compromise were equivalent (n = 1, 4.8% vs. n = 2, 4.1%). There was no difference in patient‐reported outcomes.

Conclusions

This series demonstrates feasibility, efficacy, and outcomes of bony scapula reconstruction of maxillofacial defects comparing simultaneous and sequential approaches. Benefits of the two‐team approach are highlighted including decreased operative time.
Openness and growth: Is the relationship non‐linear?
Authors: Gupta Rangan , Stander Lardo , Vaona Andrea
Published: December 2021

Using an augmented two‐sector endogenous growth model for a small, open economy characterized by human capital accumulation and productive government expenditure, we analyse the nature of the relationship between openness and growth. External openness enters the human capital accumulation function directly. Productive government expenditure affects human capital accumulation, relying on seigniorage revenue as finance where seigniorage is itself dependent on the level of openness. The findings indicate two, opposing effects of openness on growth ‐ a direct effect of openness on growth through knowledge spillovers that affect human capital accumulation, and an indirect effect of decreasing seigniorage revenue on growth through decreasing productive government expenditure on human capital. We discuss conditions under which the openness‐growth curve can be concave/convex, without specifying theoretical functional forms or values to unknown parameters in the model to provide concise theoretical results. Rather, drawing samples of exact model‐match countries over –, we rely on a semi‐parametric, data‐driven empirical approach to provide empirical impetus to the theoretical outcomes reported. We show the relationship between openness and growth is non‐linear. Specifically, inverted U–shaped. The result suggests that openness only have a positive impact on the growth‐rate until a certain threshold‐level, thereafter, the effect is negative.
Comprehensive histological imaging of native microbiota in human glioma
Authors: Zhao Jiajia , He Dian , Lai Hei Ming , Xu Yingying , Luo Yunhao , Li Ting , Liang Jianhao , Yang Xiaodu , Guo Linlang , Ke Yiquan , Zhou Hongwei , Wu Wutian , Guo Hongbo , Sun Haitao
Published: December 2021

Mounting evidence suggests that distinct microbial communities reside in tumors and play important roles in tumor physiology. Recently, a previous study profiled the composition and localization of intratumoral bacteria using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing and histological visualization methods across seven tumor types, including human glioblastoma. However, their results based on traditional histological examinations should be further validated considering potential sources of contamination originating from sample collection and processing. Here, we aim to propose a three‐dimensional (3D) in situ intratumoral microbiota visualization and quantification protocol avoiding surface contamination and provide a comprehensive histological investigation on local bacteria within human glioma samples. We develop a 3D quantitative in situ intratumoral microbiota imaging strategy, combining tissue clearing, immunofluorescent labeling, optical sectioning microscopy, and image processing, to visualize bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) within gliomas in a direct, contaminant‐free, and unambiguous manner. Through an automated statistical algorithm, reliable signals can be distinguished for further analysis of their sizes, distribution, and fluorescence intensities. In tandem, we also combined 2D images obtained from thin‐section histological methods, including immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, to provide comprehensive histological imaging for local bacterial components within human glioma samples. We have, for the first time, achieved 3D quantitative imaging of bacterial LPS colonized in gliomas in a contamination‐free manner within human glioma samples. We also built the multiple histological evidence chain demonstrating the irregular shapes and sparse distribution of bacterial components within human glioma samples, mostly localized near nuclear membranes or in the intercellular space. This study provides favorable evidence for the presence of microbiota in human gliomas and provides information on the feature and distribution of bacterial components. The results, along with the integrated 3D quantitative intratumoral microbiota imaging method, are promising to provide insightful information into the direct interactions between the microbial community and the host in the tumor microenvironment.
School counselors’ leadership experiences in multi‐tiered systems of support: Prioritizing relationships and shaping school climate
Authors: Goodman‐Scott Emily , Ziomek‐Daigle Jolie
Published: December 2021

Ample scholarship describes the importance of school counselors aligning their work with multi‐tiered systems of support (MTSS). However, there exists limited research describing school counselors' leadership in MTSS. Researchers conducted a phenomenological investigation of school counselors’ experiences as leaders in MTSS (N = 10). According to the results, school counselors reported that their MTSS leadership prioritized relationships and shaped the school climate. Included is a literature review and discussion grounded in school counseling leadership theory.
Cover Image
Authors: Kim Subok , Jang Sanghun , Ahn Jihyeon , Lee Sukjun , Lee Onseok
Published: December 2021

The cover image is based on the Original Article Analysis of type I osteoporosis animal models using synchrotron radiation by Onseok Lee et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23911.

image
Increased structural covariance in brain regions for number processing and memory in children with developmental dyscalculia
Authors: Michels Lars , Buechler Roman , Kucian Karin
Published: December 2021

Developmental dyscalculia (DD) is a developmental learning disability associated with deficits in processing numerical and mathematical information. Several studies demonstrated functional network alterations in DD. Yet, there are no studies, which examined the structural network integrity in DD. We compared whole‐brain maps of volume based structural covariance between 19 (4 males) children with DD and 18 (4 males) typically developing children. We found elevated structural covariance in the DD group between the anterior intraparietal sulcus to the middle temporal and frontal gyrus (p < 0.05, corrected). A hippocampus subfield analysis showed higher structural covariance in the DD group for area CA3 to the parahippocampal and calcarine sulcus, angular gyrus and anterior part of the intraparietal sulcus as well as to the lingual gyrus. Lower structural covariance in this group was seen for the subiculum to orbitofrontal gyrus, anterior insula and middle frontal gyrus. In contrast, the primary motor cortex (control region) revealed no difference in structural covariance between groups. Our results extend functional magnetic resonance studies by revealing abnormal gray matter integrity in children with DD. These findings thus indicate that the pathophysiology of DD is mediated by both structural and functional abnormalities in a network involved in number processing and memory function.
Nonsurgical treatment reduces tendon inflammation and elevates tendon markers in early healing
Authors: Freedman Benjamin R. , Adu‐Berchie Kwasi , Barnum Carrie , Fryhofer George W. , Salka Nabeel S. , Shetye Snehal , Soslowsky Louis J.
Published: December 2021

Operative treatment is assumed to provide superior outcomes to nonoperative (conservative) treatment following Achilles tendon rupture, however, this remains controversial. This study explores the effect of surgical repair on Achilles tendon healing. Rat Achilles tendons (n = 101) were bluntly transected and were randomized into groups receiving repair or non‐repair treatments. By 1 week after injury, repaired tendons had inferior mechanical properties, which continued to 3‐ and 6‐week post‐injury, evidenced by decreased dynamic modulus and failure stress. Transcriptomics analysis revealed >7000 differentially expressed genes between repaired and non‐repaired tendons after 1‐week post‐injury. While repaired tendons showed enriched inflammatory gene signatures, non‐repaired tendons showed increased tenogenic, myogenic, and mechanosensitive gene signatures, with >200‐fold enrichment in Tnmd expression. Analysis of gastrocnemius muscle revealed elevated MMP activity in tendons receiving repair treatment, despite no differences in muscle fiber morphology. Transcriptional regulation analysis highlighted that the highest expressed transcription factors in repaired tendons were associated with inflammation (Nfκb, SpI1, RelA, and Stat1), whereas non‐repaired tendons expressed markers associated with tissue development and mechano‐activation (Smarca1, Bnc2, Znf521, Fbn1, and Gli3). Taken together, these data highlight distinct differences in healing mechanism occurring immediately following injury and provide insights for new therapies to further augment tendons receiving repaired and non‐repaired treatments.
Anterior Palatoplasty With Expansion Sphincter Pharyngoplasty for All Type of Pharyngeal Collapse
Authors: Ciğer Ejder , İşlek Akif
Published: December 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

This study was aimed to compare the efficiency of the anterior palatoplasty and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty (APwESP) technique for all patterns of velopharyngeal obstruction (anterior–posterior [APPC], lateral [LPC], or combined circular pharyngeal collapse [CPC]).

Study Design

The study was designed as a randomized prospective trial at Kâtip Çelebi University, Atatürk Training, and Research Hospital.

Methods

Patients only with velopharyngeal obstruction were included. Three groups were created according to the obstruction pattern (APPC, LPC, and CPC) for the study. Outcome parameters included patient's demographics, apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), lowest oxygen saturation (LOS), Stanford subjective scale of snoring (SSSS), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS).

Results

Thirty‐one (34.1%) patients were in APPC group, while 30 (33.0%) patients were in LPC, and 30 (33.0%) were in CPC group. Preoperatively for all patients, on average, AHI was 33.4 ± 13.6, SSSS was 8.3 ± 1.0, ESS was 16.5 ± 2.6, and LOS was determined as 85.5 ± 3.6. There was a significant postoperative improvement in all parameters for all patients. There was no significant difference in outcome parameters between the groups according to obstruction pattern postoperatively. After APwESP surgery, obstruction pattern was not a significant factor for AHI (P = .234), SSSS (P = .180), and LOS (P = .280) (repeated measure analysis of variance test). The rate of surgical success was detected similarly for both of the study groups (P = .435). The rate of successful surgery for severe obstructive sleep apnea in the APPC group was 72.2%, 88.2% in the LPC group, and 75.0% in the CPC group (P = .472).

Conclusion

A combination of APwESP surgery can manage all types of pharyngeal obstruction confidently.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:1313–1319, 2022
The composition of singular integral operators with nonsmooth kernels
Authors: Hu Guoen , Zhang Yandan
Published: December 2021

Let T1, T2 be two singular integral operators with nonsmooth kernels introduced by Duong and McIntosh. In this paper, by establishing certain bi‐sublinear sparse dominations, the authors obtain some quantitative bounds on with and for the composite operator . Some weighted weak type endpoint estimates are also given.
Rational Process Design for Facile Fabrication of Dual Functional Hybrid Membrane of MOF and Electrospun Nanofiber towards High Removal Efficiency of PM2.5 and Toxic Gases
Authors: Kim Donghun , Kim Yoonjin , Kim Dokun , Son Dongwan , Doh Song Jun , Kim Myungwoong , Lee Hoik , Yoon Ki Ro
Published: December 2021

The application of nanofiber (NF) and porous metal‐organic framework (MOF) has increasingly attracted attention for the protection of public health. This composite platform provides the physical sieving of particulate matters (PMs) and capturing gases, serving as an outstanding filtering medium with lightweight and multifunctionality. Herein, process design and optimization are performed to produce a multifunctional membrane comprised NFs and MOF particles. Electrospinning/electrospray techniques are used to fabricate a hybrid membrane of poly(vinyl alcohol) NF and Fe‐BTC as an adsorptive MOF on a macroporous nonwoven (NW). Three types of filters are prepared by varying the order of processing steps, that is, MOF/NF/NW, MOF+NF/NW, and NF/MOF/NW, to elucidate the effect of the fabrication process in the filtration of air pollutant. The optimal filtration performance is achieved in MOF+NF/NW system: the highest filtration efficiency (97%) and outstanding gas capturing efficiencies (≈60% and ≈35% decreases from initial NH3 and H2S concentrations, respectively). However, when air permeability and filtration efficiency are considered, the most desirable configuration for personal protection equipment (PPE) is NF/MOF/NW system, which effectively enabled comfortable breathing without compromising the lightweight and multifunctional performance.
Distance distribution between two random points in arbitrary polygons
Authors: Pure Ross , Durrani Salman , Tong Fei , Pan Jianping
Published: December 2021

Distance distributions are a key building block in many subfields in mathematics, science and engineering. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for analytically computing the closed form probability density function (PDF) of the distance between two random points each uniformly randomly distributed in respective arbitrary polygon regions. The proposed framework is based on measure theory and uses polar decomposition for simplifying and calculating the integrals to obtain closed form results. We validate our proposed framework by comparison with simulations and published closed form results in the literature for simple cases. We illustrate the versatility and advantage of the proposed framework by deriving closed form results for a case not yet reported in the literature. Finally, we also develop a Mathematica implementation of the proposed framework which allows a user to define any two arbitrary (concave or convex) polygons, with or without holes, which may be disjoint or overlap or coincide and determine the distance distribution numerically.
Second‐order efficient nonlinear filter stabilization for high Reynolds number flows
Authors: Takhirov Aziz , Trenchea Catalin , Waters Jiajia
Published: December 2021

In this article, we develop a second‐order nonlinear filter based stabilization scheme for high Reynolds number flows. We prove the unconditional stability of the method, establish the second order consistency and discuss the dynamical tuning of the relaxation parameter. The scheme is then validated against experimental data for an isothermal turbulent flow in a Staggered Tube Bundle at Reynolds number of 18,000. Numerical results are found to be in an overall good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the benchmark results.
Recontextualizing street‐level bureaucracy in the developing world
Authors: Lotta Gabriela , Pires Roberto , Hill Michael , Møller Marie Ostergaard
Published: December 2021

This Special Issue was driven by the need to better understand the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the growing mobilization of the street‐level bureaucracy (SLB) analytical framework in the study of state action and policy implementation in the developing world. Our curiosity rested on what has been happening to the framework in terms of empirical applications as well as the consequent challenges to the theory when it travels from the Global North to the Global South. We wanted to learn more about the evolution of ideas and theoretical propositions developed on the basis of some important assumptions—such as consolidated liberal states and advanced democracies—when they reach the specific conditions and varying contexts of states and societies in the developing world.
Optimization on diffeological spaces
Authors: Goldammer Nico , Welker Kathrin
Published: December 2021

On this poster, we present optimization techniques on diffeological spaces. Diffeological spaces firstly introduced by J.M. Souriau in the 1980s are a natural generalization of smooth manifolds. In order to generalize optimization methods known on manifolds to diffeological spaces, we define various objects like a diffeological tangent space, a diffeological Riemannian space as well as a diffeological gradient. In addition we give the definition of a diffeological retraction. These objects are necessary for formulating the steepest descent method on diffeological spaces. We present this method and apply it on an example.
Viscous energy dissipation reduction by optimization of multiple shapes
Authors: Suchan Tim , Welker Kathrin
Published: December 2021

Shape optimization has been an active field of research for the past decades and is used especially in engineering. On this poster, we consider a shape optimization model with multiple shapes, i.e., we consider more than one shape to be optimized. We assume that the optimization variable is a set Γ = (Γ1,…, ΓN) of non‐intersecting shapes contained in a bounded domain D ⊂ ℝd. We note that D depends on Γ, i.e., D = D(Γ). On this poster, a shape optimization of a two‐dimensional fluid‐mechanical problem is considered. We minimize the viscous energy dissipation in the fluid domain D, more precisely

urn:x-wiley:16177061:media:PAMM202100261:pamm202100261-math-0001

subject to the equations describing Stokes flow

urn:x-wiley:16177061:media:PAMM202100261:pamm202100261-math-0002

urn:x-wiley:16177061:media:PAMM202100261:pamm202100261-math-0003

with appropriate boundary conditions, where y ∈ ℝ2 describes the fluid velocity, p ∈ ℝ the pressure, and f ∈ ℝ2 a given source term. In order to solve the minimization problem, we use an optimization approach based on the Steklov‐Poincaré metric, where the so‐called weak form of the shape derivative can be used. The algorithm and implementation details are presented, and numerical results are discussed for the optimization of multiple shapes in the fluid domain.
In‐silico selection of cancer blood plasma proteins by integrating genomic and proteomic databases
Authors: Chatterjee Gaurab , Ferris Bryn , Momenbeitollahi Nikan , Li Huiyan
Published: December 2021

Blood protein markers have been studied for the clinical management of cancer. Due to the large number of the proteins existing in blood, it is often necessary to pre‐select potential protein markers before experimental studies. However, to date there is a lack of automated method for in‐silico selection of cancer blood proteins that integrates the information from both genetic and proteomic studies in a cancer‐specific manner. In this work, we synthesized both genomic and proteomic information from several open access databases and established a bioinformatic pipeline for in‐silico selection of blood plasma proteins overexpressed in specific type of cancer. We demonstrated the workflow of this pipeline with an example of breast cancer, while the methodology was applicable for other cancer types. With this pipeline we obtained 10 candidate biomarkers for breast cancer. The proposed pipeline provides a useful and convenient tool for in‐silico selection of candidate blood protein biomarkers for a variety of cancer research.
Achieving flame retardancy and mechanical integrity via phosphites in bio‐based resins
Authors: Custodio Kenee Kaiser S. , Walsh Tiffany R.
Published: December 2021

Bio‐based flame retardant (FR) resins typically exhibit diminished mechanical properties compared with their petroleum‐based counterparts. Recent experiments identified a promising FR phosphorus‐bearing vanillin‐based epoxy resin, EP2, that exhibited superior thermomechanical properties compared to that of petroleum‐based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. However, the structure/property relationships of such phosphorus‐containing bio‐based resins are relatively under‐explored and cannot be resolved via experiments alone. Here, molecular simulations are used to explore these relationships for a resin comprising EP2 cured with 4,4‐diaminodiphenylmethane. The predicted thermomechanical properties are consistent with experimental observations, and critically, the structural analysis reveals the importance of the pendant phosphite group in the monomer as central to maintaining extensive hydrogen‐bonding networks, giving rise to the excellent Young's modulus. This work provides the foundation for knowledge‐based strategies to systematically improve the structure/property relationships in FR bio‐based epoxy resins.
Laminaria japonica cyclic peptides exert anti‐colorectal carcinoma effects through apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Du Xueting , Xiao Shengwei , Luo Qiang , Liu Xiaolei , Liu Jie
Published: December 2021

Laminaria japonica is consumed as a health food and used as a traditional medicine because of its biochemical and pharmacological abilities. However, the anti‐tumor effect of L. japonica peptides has not been well explored. In the current study, three novel L. japonica cyclic peptides (LCPs) were isolated using an anti‐cancer activity tracking method. LCP‐3 [cyclo‐(Trp‐Leu‐His‐Val)] significantly induced apoptosis in Caco‐2 cells in vitro. LCP‐3 increased the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio, activated caspases, and regulated the p53/murine double minute 2 network. LCP‐3 blocked Caco‐2 cells in G0/G1 phase, which was accompanied by the inhibition of cyclin expression. Furthermore, LCP‐3 inhibited colon cancer growth and induced cancer cell apoptosis in tumor‐bearing mice. Notably, LCP‐3 might be a potential agent for the prevention of colon cancer.
K‐filter‐based adaptive output feedback control for high‐order nonlinear systems subject to actuator and sensor attacks
Authors: Gao Rui , Huang Jiangshuai , Su Xiaojie , Zhao Ling
Published: December 2021

In this article, the security control problem of a class of high‐order nonlinear cyber‐physical systems is investigated where the actuator and sensor are suffered from deceptive cyber‐attacks. By assuming that only the contaminated system output is available for feedback control, a set of K‐filters are applied to develop a novel observer to reveal the state information, and based on which an adaptive control law is designed. It is shown that asymptotic stability of nonlinear systems and boundedness of all the closed‐loop signals can be guaranteed using backstepping method even in presence of adversarial attacks. Simulations results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Recalcitrant Erythrodermic Ichthyosis with Atopic Dermatitis Successfully Treated with Dupilumab in Combination with Guselkumab
Authors: Steinhoff M. , Al-Marri F. , Al Chalabi R. , Gieler U. , Buddenkotte J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis refers to a group of rare inherited disorders of keratinization and defective epidermal barrier resulting in varying clinical presentations and severities ranging from harlequin ichthyosis to congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE). Secondary atopic dermatitis (AD) can aggravate the disease state for CIE patients leading to recalcitrant CIE/AD with potentially unfavourable side effects and low tolerability.

Aims

Here, we report about a 38-year-old male patient with severe CIE as well as AD over the last 30 years.

Materials and Methods

The patients suffered from severe inflammation, pruritus and recurrent infections for decades without disease control and intolerable adverse events of previous therapies.

Results

Dupilumab (targeting IL-4Ra, 300 mg q2w) partially controlled pruritus, but only the combination of Dupilumab with Guselkumab (anti-IL23p19) controlled both CIE and AD with markedly reduced inflammation, itch and recurrent infections. Guselkumab alone was not sufficient to treat the severe CIE/AD.

Discussion

Further studies are required to assess the efficacy and safety of targeted therapies like Dupilumab/Guselkumab combination therapy in severe CIE/AD.
Dry Reforming of Methane over Ni/MgO@Al Catalysts with Unique Features of Sandwich Structure
Authors: Dai Hui , Zhu Yongqing , Xiong Siqi , Xiao Xin , Huang Lihong , Deng Jie , Zhou Changjian
Published: December 2021

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction can eliminate CH4 and CO2, the two main greenhouse gases. However, the industrialization of Ni‐based catalysts has been restricted by the problems of sintering and carbon deposition in common use. In this work, a series of sandwich structure catalyst Ni/MgO@Alx with traditional Ni/MgO and core‐shell Ni@Al2O3 were characterized and analyzed. Extensive catalyst characterization using N2 adsoptron‐desorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), temperature‐programmed reduction/ desorption (TPR/D), Raman and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates that the sandwich structure catalyst has high activity, and the suitable shell thickness directly determines the mass transfer and surface acidity and basicity of the catalyst. However, in the process of reaction, the carbon tube grows on the top of the active component, resulting in its stability is not as good as Ni@Al2O3. Under the conditions of high gas velocity of 18000 mL gcat−1 h−1 with a reaction gas ratio of CO2 : CH4=1 : 1, after 30 hours of reaction with Ni/MgO@Al0.6 catalyst at 750 °C, the conversion of CH4 and CO2 remained at 79 % and 83 %, respectively.
A Facile Approach to Access Multi‐Substituted Indenes via Nazarov Cyclisation of Aryl, Vinyl, and Alkyl/Aryl Carbinols
Authors: Chakraborty Mithun , Mahesh Gaddam , Nakel Omkar R. , Chavda Gautamee , Anusha Susarla , Sudhakar Gangarajula
Published: December 2021

A divergent approach to highly substituted functionalized indenes has been developed. The two‐step reaction involving nucleophilic addition reaction of aryl vinyl ketone, an ideal intermediate with aryl or alkyl nucleophilic reagent, followed by electrocyclic reaction (Nazarov cyclization) in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst afforded indene derivatives in good to excellent yield.
Novel Carboxylic Acid Functionalized Dendronized Polymer: A Homogeneous, Reusable Metal Free Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Symmetric and Unsymmetric Xanthene Derivatives
Authors: Hiba Kottayil , Shaibuna Machingal , Prathapan Sreedharan , Sreekumar Krishnapillai
Published: December 2021

In the present study, carboxylic acid‐functionalized tris(hydroxymethyl)propane initiated polyepichlorohydrin cored dendronized polymer (TMP‐PECH‐COOH) was successfully synthesized. Successful incorporation of carboxylic acid functionality was evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), and NMR spectroscopy (1H NMR). Thermodynamic properties such as thermal energy, enthalpy, and Gibb's free energy as well as global reactivity descriptors such as chemical potential, chemical hardness, and electrophilicity index of the TMP‐PECH‐COOH dendronized polymer were investigated using Gaussian 09 program employing the hybrid density functional B3LYP method and 6‐31G basis set. The synthesized dendronized polymer (TMP‐PECH‐COOH) could act as a metal‐free acid catalyst for catalyzing the reactions for the synthesis of 1,8‐dioxooctahydroxanthenes and tetrahydrobenzoxanthene‐11‐ones under mild reaction conditions in an aqueous medium. The catalyst could be reused at least six times making the present procedure facile, practical, and sustainable. In addition, the efficiency of the present catalyst was compared with some previous reports.
Study of the Synthesis and Application of a Fluorescence‐Enhanced Mg2+ Probe
Authors: Wang Huizhen , Xue Songsong , Xiao Guilong , Du Cheng , Liu Jiaqin , Xie Zhengfeng
Published: December 2021

A Schiff base fluorescent probe compound H2L (N′‐(4‐bromo‐2‐hydroxy‐benzylidene)‐3‐hydroxy‐2naphthohydrazide) was synthesized using 3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid hydrazide as raw material. The structure of H2L was characterized by NMR, IR, MS, and XRD methods. The fluorescence performance of H2L was studied by UV and FS. The results show that in 1 : 4 water system /DMSO solution (water system: 20 % triethanolamine:0.1 mol/L L‐cysteamine acid=1 : 1), H2L can be used to quickly identify Mg2+ with an obvious fluorescence enhancement and redshift. A color change “light green→bright yellow” can be clearly observed with the naked eye. The Mg2+ concentration shows a good linear relationship in the range of 0–1.0×10−5 mol/L, with a detection limit of 1.77×10−7 mol/L with good stability and reversibility. The response mechanism was explored through Job's curve, NMR titration and MS, which showed that Mg2+ can form a 1 : 1 complex with H2L. A gel (SAL) was prepared by doping H2L into sodium alginate (SA). SAL was found to show good adsorption properties for Mg2+ and can be easily distinguished by the naked eye under ultraviolet light. The microscopic morphology and composition of SAL before and after Mg2+ adsorption were analyzed by SEM‐EDS. H2L can be used for the qualitative detection of Mg2+ in actual water samples without being affected by other common metal ions, and has potential application value in the field of environmental detection.
Synthesis of Catechol Thioethers through Gallic Acid/Fe2(SO4)3 Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Thiols and Catechol Derivatives
Authors: Si Mengyuan , Liu Zhongyuan , Dou Yingchao , Yang Guanyu
Published: December 2021

A newly developed cooperative catalytic system Galic acid/Fe2(SO4)3 was employed in the syntheses of catechol thioethers through the direct aerobic oxidative coupling of various thiols with catechol derivatives. As the first organocatalytic oxidative method to prepare catechol thioethers except the enzymatical cases, it exhibits good tolerance and selectivity, leading to the good products in up to 95 % yields. It was postulated to undergo the divergent Michael‐type nucleophilic conjugate addition (1,4‐type or 1,6‐type) of the thiols onto the in‐situ generated ortho‐benzoquinones.
Orthogonal designs with branching and nested factors
Authors: Wei Qiao , Liu Min‐Qian , Yang Jian‐Feng
Published: December 2021

Computer experiments with branching and nested factors are a common class of computer experiments, but it is challenging to construct designs for this type of experiments. In this paper, we define a special type of design called branching orthogonal Latin hypercube design (BOLHD). Such a design has an appealing structure, that is, no matter at each level of a branching factor or the level‐combination of branching factors, the corresponding design points of nested factors form an orthogonal Latin hypercube design (OLHD). This structure makes it a good choice for designing computer experiments with branching and nested factors. We propose several deterministic construction methods when branching factors have the same number of levels. Based on sliced Latin hypercube designs (SLHDs), the proposed methods are easy to operate. Some construction results are tabulated for practical use.
Autonomic behavioral impairment induced by simazine exposure during early life of male mouse is mediated by Lmx1a/Wnt1 pathway
Authors: Li Xueting , Hu Xiaomeng , Jiang Yujia , Wang Dandan , Wang Ting , Li Baixiang
Published: December 2021

Simazine is a widely used herbicide and known as an environmental estrogen. Multiple studies have proved simazine can induced the degeneration of dopaminergic neuron resulting in a degenerative disease‐like syndrome. Herein, we explored the neurotoxicity of simazine on the dopaminergic nervous system of embryos and weaned offspring during the maternal gestation period or the maternal gestation and lactation periods. We found that simazine disturbed the crucial components expression involved in Lmx1a/Wnt1 pathway of dopaminergic neuron in embryonic and weaned offspring. Furthermore, morphological and behavioral tests performed on weaned male offspring treated by simazine suggested that the grip strength, autonomic exploring, and the space sense ability were weakened, as well as the pathological damage of dopaminergic neuron was clearly observed. But, the same neurotoxicity of simazine is less significantly observed in female offspring. Our findings will provide reliable reference for the determination of environmental limits and new insight into the pathogenesis of nonfamilial neurodegenerative diseases related to environmental risk factors.