bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЗАДАЧА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССОМ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО РИФОРМИНГА И МЕТОД ЕЕ РЕШЕНИЯ
Authors: Матвейкин Валерий Григорьевич , Дмитриевский Борис Сергеевич , Кокуев Андрей Геннадьевич , Джамбеков Азамат Матифулаевич
Published: June 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью обеспечения оптимальных соотношений октанового числа бензина и издержек организации процесса на установке каталитического риформинга мощностью 1 млн т/год по сырью в условиях переменного качества сырья и качества топливного газа. Эффективность производства бензина зависит не только от повышения октанового числа, но и от снижения издержек организации процесса. Существующие системы управления процессом каталитического риформинга не обеспечивают достижения оптимальных соотношений октанового числа бензина и издержек организации процесса. Необходима разработка системы управления процессом каталитического риформинга, обеспечивающей достижение данных соотношений. Цель: достижение оптимальных соотношений октанового числа бензина и издержек организации процесса на установке каталитического риформинга мощностью 1 млн т/год по сырью в условиях переменного качества сырья и качества топливного газа путем разработки системы управления. Объект: установка каталитического риформинга мощностью 1 млн т/год по сырью. Методы исследования основаны на использовании теории нечетких множеств, теории принятия решений в нечетких условиях, вычислительной математики, теории автоматического управления. Результаты. Поставлена задача управления процессом каталитического риформинга на установке риформинга Л-35-11/1000 мощностью 1 млн т/год по сырью. Проведен анализ процесса как объекта управления с выделением его особенностей. Описан набор входных и выходных параметров объекта управления. Представлено выражение для определения обобщенного критерия оптимальности. Разработана система управления процессом каталитического риформинга. Реализация предлагаемой системы обеспечивает достижение оптимальных соотношений октанового числа бензина и производственных затрат.
Strengths-Based Undergraduate Rehabilitation Education Model: Preparing Minority Leaders for Diverse Workforce
Authors: Drake Carmela Y. , Stapleton D. Henry , Yasui Naoko Yura
Published: June 2019

This conceptual manuscript introduces a strengths-based undergraduate rehabilitation education model. The model was designed with the unique strengths of minority students in mind. It conceptualizes how students' strengths are cultivated by faculty-supported career exploration and development and service learning opportunities. The three pillars, in combination, prepare students for their fieldwork experiences. The three pillars of the model—core curriculum, leadership training, and concentrations—are supported by a strengths-based platform. The implementation of the model has the potential to improve student and program outcomes by more adeptly preparing minority students to be leaders in a diverse rehabilitation workforce.
Administrando la Comunicación de Riesgos en una Emergencia Sanitaria, “El caso de la erupción del Volcán Calbuco”, Chile 2015 = Managing the Risk Communication in a Health Emergency, "The case of the eruption of the Calbuco Volcano", Chile 2015
Authors: Díaz Bouquillard Leonardo Javier
Published: June 2019

El siguiente trabajo presenta la estrategia comunicacional desarrollada por la institución Seremi de Salud, durante la emergencia sanitaria por la erupción del Volcán Calbuco (Región de Los Lagos, Chile) en abrildel 2015, para disminuir los riesgos en la salud de las personas y comunidades expuestas a la erupción.Se da cuenta de una estrategia preventiva e informativa a través de diversos materiales, incluyendo las redes sociales, además de la transparencia institucional en términos de información a la comunidad sobre calidad del aire, agua y ceniza. El análisis de las redes sociales institucionales (twitter) indica que los ejes discursivos sanitarios fueron adecuadamente apropiados y difundidos por la comunidad.Palabras clave: Salud pública; Comunicación de riesgos; Redes sociales en salud; Vigilancia ambiental; Vigilancia epidemiológica.AbstractThe following work presents the communicational strategy developed by the Health Seremi institution, during the health emergency due to the eruption of the Calbuco Volcano (Los Lagos Region, Chile) in April 2015, to diminish the risks of health for people and communities exposed to the eruption. A preventive and informative strategy was reported through various resources, including website social networks, as well as institutional transparency in terms of information towards the community regarding air quality, water and ash presence. The analysis of institutional social networks (twitter) indicates that the sanitary discursive cores were properly fitting and spread in this social network.Keywords: Public health; Risk communication; Health social network; Environmental monitoring; Epidemiological surveillance.
The Effectiveness of Roy’s Adaptation Model for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Pre-Dialysis in Indonesia
Authors: Agustiyowati Tri Hapsari Retno , Sitorus Ratna , Waluyo Agung , Besral Besral
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing pre-dialysis requires a good self-management to control low protein intake and maintain kidney function. Adaptation to the existing stimulus through coping and adjustment mechanisms is important to maintaining good kidney function. However, few studies applied nursing theory based to guide intervention in helping the adaptation of patient CKD with their condition. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Roy’s adaptation model towards physiological and psychological adaptation response among patients with CKD undergoing pre-dialysis.Methods: This study was conducted using a quasi-experiment to patients with CKD pre-dialysis, age over 18 years old. We modified Roy’s adaptation model for patients with CKD undergoing pre-dialysis.Results: A total of 70 subjects agreed to join the study, 38 subjects in intervention and 32 subjects in the control group. The mean of eGFR ranged from 26.3 to 26.6 mL/min/1.73 m2. We found that Roy’s adaptation model has significantly improved drinking behavior, reduce protein intake, blood creatinine, and psychosocial adaptation response after the intervention.Conclusion: These study findings suggested that Roy’s adaptation model is effective to help patients with CKD undergoing pre-dialysis improve their behavior and maintain kidneyfunction . Model dissemination, advocacy to related units, and application in nursing care in patients with chronic kidney disease pre-dialysis are necessary.
KAMU YÖNETİMİ BÖLÜMLERİNDE MESLEK ETİĞİ DERSİ VE GEREKLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME - AN ASSESMENT ON THE COURSE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS COURSE AND ITS NECESSITY IN DEPARTMENTS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors: GÖKÇE Ali Fuat
Published: June 2019

Meslek grupları insanların ihtiyaç duyduğu her tür mal ve hizmet üretimini karşılamak amacıyla oluşmuştur. Bu meslek grupları süreç içinde örgütlenmiş ve kendilerine özgü ilkeler belirlemiştir. Bu ilkeler arasında etik- ahlaki değerler ön plana çıkmıştır.
Kamu yönetimi çalışanları da bir meslek grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Kamu çalışanları merkezi yönetim ve yerel yönetimler olarak genel ve mahalli hizmetleri sunmakla görevlidir. Bu görevlerini yerine getirirken devleti temsil etmektedir. Kamu çalışanlarının olumlu ve olumsuz bütün davranışları devletle özdeşleştirilmektedir. Dolayısıyla kamu çalışanlarının etik kurallara aykırı hareket etmemesi gerekmektedir.
Kamu yönetimi bölümlerinin amaçlarında genel olarak “kamu ve özel sektörde istihdam edilir” cümlesi mevcuttur. Dolayısıyla, kamusal alanın insan kaynaklarından biri olan kamu yönetimi bölümleri öğrencilerinin etik kuralları benimsemiş ve özümsemiş olarak mezun olması önem arz etmektedir.
Bu çalışmada, kamu yönetimi bölümlerinde “meslek etiği” konusunun zorunlu ders olarak kataloglarda yer alması gerekliliği açıklanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda kuramsal olarak etik konusu incelendikten sonra kamu yönetimi bölümünde mesleki etik dersinin hangi dönemde yer almasının nedenleri açıklanmıştır.
Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress From Pregnancy to the Postnatal Period Among Canadian Women: Impact of Employment and Immigration
Authors: Chow Angela , Dharma Christoffer , Chen Edith , Mandhane Piushkumar J. , Turvey Stuart E. , Elliott Susan J. , Becker Allan B. , Subbarao Padmaja , Sears Malcolm R. , Kozyrskyj Anita L.
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To identify trajectory patterns of maternal depressive symptoms and perceived stress from midpregnancy to 2 years postpartum and determine relationships with selected sociodemographic factors including income, education, immigration, and postpartum employment.

Methods. Pregnant women (n = 3307) recruited from the general population in 4 regions in Canada provided 6 waves of data from pregnancy to 2 years postpartum. The study was conducted from 2009 to 2015.

Results. We determined 5 trajectory groups distinguished by time and magnitude for both depressive symptoms and perceived stress. Immigrants living in Canada for more than 5 up to 10 years, but not more recent arrivals, were at higher risk for persistent stress and depression independent of income status. Being employed at 1 year postpartum was associated with a lower likelihood of postpartum depression and perceived stress, while mothers reporting work exhaustion were substantially more likely to experience persistent depression and stress.

Conclusions. The study highlighted the heterogeneous nature of depressive symptoms and perceived stress. Targeting interventions toward women 5 to 10 years after immigration and those experiencing exhaustion from postpartum work may be particularly beneficial.
Simulating the Suicide Prevention Effects of Firearms Restrictions Based on Psychiatric Hospitalization and Treatment Records: Social Benefits and Unintended Adverse Consequences
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Hamilton Ava , Swanson Jeffrey , Tracy Melissa , Cerdá Magdalena
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To estimate the number of lives saved from firearms suicide with expansions of gun restrictions based on mental health compared with the number who would be unnecessarily restricted.

Methods. Agent-based models simulated effects on suicide mortality resulting from 5-year ownership disqualifications in New York City for individuals with any psychiatric hospitalization and, more broadly, anyone receiving psychiatric treatment.

Results. Restrictions based on New York State Office of Mental Health–identified psychiatric hospitalizations reduced suicide among those hospitalized by 85.1% (95% credible interval = 36.5%, 100.0%). Disqualifications for anyone receiving psychiatric treatment reduced firearm suicide rates among those affected and in the population; however, 244 820 people were prohibited from firearm ownership who would not have died from firearm suicide even without the policy.

Conclusions. In this simulation, denying firearm access to individuals in psychiatric treatment reduces firearm suicide among those groups but largely will not affect population rates. Broad and unfeasible disqualification criteria would needlessly restrict millions at low risk, with potential consequences for civil rights, increased stigma, and discouraged help seeking.
Depression Remission From Community Coalitions Versus Individual Program Support for Services: Findings From Community Partners in Care, Los Angeles, California, 2010–2016
Authors: Arevian Armen C. , Jones Felica , Tang Lingqi , Sherbourne Cathy D. , Jones Loretta , Miranda Jeanne ,   for the Community Partners in Care Writing Group
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To explore effects of coalitions (Community Engagement and Planning [CEP]) versus technical assistance (Resources for Services [RS]) for depression collaborative care and the effects of social determinants on long-term remission outcomes.

Methods. We randomized 95 health care and community programs in Los Angeles County, California, to CEP or RS. In 2010, 1246 depressed (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-8] ≥ 10) adults enrolled and were invited for baseline and 6-, 12-, and 36-month surveys. Of 598 3-year completers, 283 participated at 4 years (2016). We examined effects of CEP versus RS, social factors (e.g., family income, food insecurity) on time to and periods in clinical (PHQ-8 < 10) and community-defined (PHQ-8 < 10 or PHQ-2 < 3; mental health composite score [MCS-12] > 40, or mental wellness) remission during the course of 3 years, and at 4 years.

Results. We found that CEP versus RS increased 4-year depression remission and, for women, community-defined remission outcomes during the course of 3 years. Social factors and clinical factors predicted remission.

Conclusions. At 4 years, CEP was more effective than RS at increasing depression remission.

Public Health Implications. Coalitions may improve 4-year depression remission, while addressing social and clinical factors associated with depression may hold potential to enhance remission.
A Case Study of Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions Measurements and Reduction-Potential Evaluation During Oil and Gas Production in China
Authors: Weng Yibin , Xue Ming , Cui Xiangyu
Published: June 2019

Reducing greenhouse–gas (GHG) emissions in oil and gas production could provide several benefits, including energy conservation, cost reduction, and economic returns. The direct–emissions measurements and reduction–potential evaluation are the prerequisites to achieve an effective reduction goal in GHG emissions. On the basis of the survey of production processes and related parameters, we identified and measured a series of GHG–emissions sources. The emissions sources were measured, including production processes and leakage–prone facilities such as dehydrators, boilers, heaters, associated gas–treatment plants, light–hydrocarbon–recovery units, storage tanks, and gas flaring. A series of leakage–detection/measurement instruments was applied as well, such as flow samplers, impeller flowmeter, gas detectors, and gas–flow probes. On the basis of the measured emissions data, we then used a simulation model to evaluate the specific forms, sources, and reduction potentials of the GHGs. The measured GHG emissions showed that evaporation and flashing losses from storage tanks were the largest source, accounting for 86% of the total methane (CH4) emissions and 42% of the total GHG emissions. The contribution of CH4 emissions from heaters and boilers during incomplete combustions was less than 1% of the total CH4 emissions and approximately 16% of the total GHG emissions. When controlling technology on storage–tank losses was applied, CH4 emissions could be reduced by 81.7% and the GHG emissions could be reduced by 39.9%. Furthermore, such controlling technologies also presented substantial economic benefits through the recovery of fuel gas. In this study, the recovery potentials of various GHG–emissions sources were analyzed. In addition, a preliminary cost/benefit analysis was performed per the emissions categories, reduction potentials, and the feasibility of reduction technologies. Finally, the probability of the application of such reduction technologies was evaluated.
Long-term assessment of upper arm posture and motion and their association with discomfort perceived symptoms among bakery workers
Authors: Afshari Davood , Dianat Iman , Joudaknia Leila , Nourollahi Maryam
Published: June 2019

Background

The highest prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among bakery workers is reported in the shoulder region. Awkward shoulder postures have been suggested to be a cause of shoulder discomfort in bakery workers. This study aimed at long-term assessment of upper arm posture and motion and their association with discomfort perceived symptoms among bakery workers. The results of this study are expected to have an effective role in identifying risk factors in order to provide appropriate strategies for preventing shoulder disorders in bakery workers.

Methods

In this study, fifty seven bakers of the three types of bread baking systems (sangak, taftoon and tanoori baking systems), were randomly selected. The self-reported severity and frequency of shoulder discomfort perceived by workers were recorded. Working postures and movements of the shoulders during work were continuously recorded with inclinometry measurements during three hours.

Results

Results suggest bakery workers, especially sangak bakers, may be exposed to high physical exposure levels. A significant correlation were found between perceived discomfort intensity on VAS scales for the right and left shoulder angles (50th) among bakers in sangak baking system (p≤0.005). Percentage of time spent with the upper arm right elevated more than 60° was significantly correlated with perception of shoulder discomfort for all bakery workers (p≤0.05). Angular velocity was significantly negatively correlated with perceived discomfort intensity for both upper arms (p≤0.005).

Conclusions

Study findings suggest, in addition to high physical exposure level, poor workstation design and inappropriate hand tools may be the main risk factors for developing disorders in the shoulder regions among bakers. Our results can provide more informed decisions with respect to both engineering (e.g. ergonomic workstation and equipment design) and administrative (e.g. work organization) control strategies.
Comparison of Supreme laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation for airway management during general anesthesia for cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yao Wei Yu , Li Shi Yang , Yuan Yong Jin , Tan Hon Sen , Han Nian-Lin Reena , Sultana Rehena , Assam Pryseley N , Sia Alex Tiong Heng , SNG Ban Leong
Published: June 2019

Background

The obstetric airway is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Endotracheal intubation is considered the standard of care but the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has gained acceptance as a rescue airway and has been incorporated into the obstetric airway management guidelines. In this randomized controlled equivalence trial, we compared the Supreme LMA (SLMA) with endotracheal intubation (ETT) in managing the obstetric airway during cesarean section.

Methods

Parturients who underwent elective cesarean section under general anesthesia were randomized to receive either an SLMA or ETT as their airway device. Our primary outcome was first-attempt insertion success. Successful insertion was defined as adequate bilateral air entry with auscultation and the presence of end-tidal carbon dioxide on the capnogram. The first-attempt insertion success rate was compared using the Chi-Square test. Secondary outcomes included time-to-ventilation, seal pressure, ventilation/hemodynamic parameters, occurrence of clinical aspiration, fetal outcomes, and maternal side effects associated with the airway device.

Results

We recruited 920 parturients (460 SLMA, 460 ETT) who underwent elective cesarean section under general anesthesia. Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. First attempt success was similar (Odds Ratio--ORSLMA/ETA: 1.00 (95%CI: 0.25, 4.02), p = 1.0000). SLMA was associated with reduced time to effective ventilation (Mean Difference--MD -22.96; 95%CI: -23.71, -22.21 seconds) compared to ETT group (p<0.0001). Ventilation parameters, maternal and fetal outcomes were similar between the groups, and there was no aspiration.

Conclusions

SLMA could be an alternative airway management technique for a carefully selected low-risk obstetric population, with similar insertion success rates, reduced time to ventilation and less hemodynamic changes compared with ETT. Our findings are consistent with the airway guidelines in recommending the second-line use of LMA in the management of the obstetric airway.
Interpreting HIV Diagnostic Histories into Infection Time Estimates: Analytical Framework and Online Tool
Authors: Grebe Eduard , Facente Shelley N. , Bingham Jeremy , Pilcher Christopher D. , Powrie Andrew , Gerber Jarryd , Priede Gareth , Chibawara Trust , Busch Michael P. , Murphy Gary , Kassanjee Reshma , Welte Alex
Published: June 2019

Background

It is frequently of epidemiological or clinical interest to estimate the date of HIV infection or time-since-infection. Yet, for over 15 years, the only widely-referenced infection dating algorithm that utilises diagnostic testing data to estimate time-since-infection has been the ‘Fiebig staging’ system. This defines a number of stages of early HIV infection through various standard combinations of contemporaneous discordant diagnostic results, using tests of different sensitivity.

Objective

To develop a new, more nuanced infection dating algorithm, we generalised the Fiebig approach to accommodate positive and negative diagnostic results generated on the same or different dates, and arbitrary current or future tests – as long as the test sensitivity is known. For this purpose, test sensitivity is defined as the probability that a specimen will produce a positive result, expressed as a function of time since infection.

Methods

The present work outlines the analytical framework for infection date estimation using subject-level diagnostic testing histories, and data on test sensitivity. We introduce a publicly-available online HIV infection dating tool that implements this estimation method, bringing together 1) HIV test performance data, and 2) infection date estimation functionality, to calculate plausible intervals within which infection likely became detectable for each individual. The midpoints of these intervals are interpreted as infection time ‘point estimates’ and referred to as Estimated Dates of Detectable Infection (EDDIs). The tool is designed for easy bulk processing of information (as may be appropriate for research studies) but can also be used for individual patients (such as in clinical practice).

Results

In many settings, including most research studies, detailed diagnostic testing data are routinely recorded, and can provide reasonably precise estimates of the timing of HIV infection. We present a simple logic to the interpretation of ‘diagnostic testing histories’ into ‘infection time estimates’, either as a point estimate (EDDI) or an interval (earliest plausible to latest plausible dates of detectable infection), along with a publicly-accessible online tool that supports wide application of this logic.

Conclusions

This tool is readily updatable as test technology evolves, given the simple architecture of the system and its nature as an open source project.
Gasparite-(La), La(AsO4), a new mineral from Mn ores of the Ushkatyn-III deposit, Central Kazakhstan, and metamorphic rocks of the Wanni glacier, Switzerland
Authors: Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Britvin Sergey N. , Perova Elena N. , Brusnitsyn Aleksey I. , Polekhovsky Yury S. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Bocharov Vladimir N. , van der Burgt Ate , Cuchet Stéphane , Meisser Nicolas
Published: June 2019

Gasparite-(La), La(AsO4), is a new mineral (IMA 2018-079) from Mn ores of the Ushkatyn-III deposit, Central Kazakhstan (type locality) and from alpine fissures in metamorphic rocks of the Wanni glacier, Binn Valley, Switzerland (co-type locality). Gasparite-(La) is named for its dominant lanthanide, according to current nomenclature of rare-earth minerals. The occurrences and parageneses in both localities are distinct: minute isometric grains up to 15 μm in size, associated with friedelite, jacobsite, pennantite, manganhumite series minerals (alleghanyite, sonolite), sarkinite, tilasite, and retzian-(La) are typically embedded into calcite-rhodochrosite veinlets (Ushkatyn-III deposit) vs. elongated crystals up to 2 mm in size in classical alpine fissures in two-mica gneiss without indicative associated minerals (Wanni glacier). Their chemical compositions have been studied by EDX and WDX; crystal-chemical formulas of gasparite-(La) from the Ushkatyn-III deposit (holotype specimen) and Wanni glacier (co-type specimen) are (La0.65Ce0.17Nd0.07Ca0.06Mn0.05Pr0.02)1.02[(As0.70V0.28P0.02)1.00O4] and (La0.59Ce0.37Nd0.02 Ca0.02Th0.01)1.01[(As0.81P0.16Si0.02S0.02)1.01O4], respectively. In polished sections, crystals are yellow and translucent with bright submetallic luster. Selected reflectance values R1/R2 (λ, nm) for the holotype specimen in air are: 11.19/9.05 (400), 11.45/9.44 (500), 10.85/8.81 (600), 11.23/9.08 (700). The structural characteristics of gasparite-(La) were studied by means of EBSD (holotype specimen), XRD, and SREF (co-type specimen). Gasparite-(La) has a monoclinic structure with the space group P21/n. Our studies revealed that gasparite-(La) from the Ushkatyn-III deposit and Wanni glacier have different origins. La/Ce and As/P/V ratios in gasparite-(La) may be used as an indicator of formation conditions.
Un modelo de gestión de requerimientos para minimizar el porcentaje de incumplimiento
Authors: Alfaro Victor
Published: June 2019

Desde la aparición de las metodologías de desarrollo de software, los procesos de desarrollo tienen como base la metodología padre: “El desarrollo en cascada”(Ian Sommerville, 1997). Actualmente se presentan diversas metodologías de desarrollo de Software, las metodologías ágiles, ahora bien ¿Por qué la vigencia actual de una forma de trabajo que aparece en el año 1990?, los resultados a corto plazo y el alcance de los objetivos propuestos(Pérez-Virgen, Salamando-Mejía, & Valencia-Ayala, 2013a). Según la tesis el objetivo de Scrum(Qumer & Henderson-Sellers, 2008) es logrado mediante la optimización del proceso de desarrollo mediante la identificación de las tareas, la gestión del tiempo más eficaz. Se establece como la Metodología en Cascada como la base, como el padre de todas las metodologías. El problema que se identifica en la presente investigación es la replanificación de los requerimientos en la fase de Planificación de desarrollo de software, como consecuencia se produce un alto índice de replanificaciones. La crítica que se realiza es la falta de artefactos que garanticen la viabilidad del proyecto desde la fase de Planificación. Como solución en la presente investigación se presentan filtros, entregables en cada etapa de Planificación, de tal manera que se garanticen la calidad de reuniones, entendimiento, checklists. Por último, la demostración se realizará al término de todo el proyecto, en la fase de cierre, evaluando y analizando los controles de cambios, el tiempo y la puesta en marcha de la postproducción del proyecto.
Recipe Development and Medical and Biological Evaluation of Bakery Products Fortified with Non-Traditional Vegetable Raw Materials
Authors: Куценкова Василисса , Kutsenkova Vasilissa , Неповинных Наталия , Nepovinnykh Nataliya , Лямина Надежда , Lymina Nadezda , Сенчихин Валерий , Senchikhin Valery
Published: June 2019

Bread is the most popular food ever. However, more and more people are abandoning traditional wheat bread in favor of bakery products with various functional additives. Crushed safflower seeds are an unconventional plant additive that is a source of complete vegetable protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids (including linoleic and linolenic acids), dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The present paper introduces a recipe of bread fortified with crushed safflower seeds and safflower oil. The authors studied the sensory and physico-chemical properties of the bread. The prototypes had a smooth surface without cracks and uniform porosity and demonstrated a light yellow color when fractured. The taste and smell were typical of this type of product, with a pleasant delicate flavor and aroma of the additive. There was a slight increase in the porosity, acidity, dimensional stability, and humidity, compared with the control sample. The article contains a technological scheme of production and the formulation of bread with the addition of crushed safflower seeds, as well as some optimal technological production parameters. The authors carried out a medical and biological evaluation of the effectiveness of the bakery products with the addition of seeds and safflower oil in the diet of people aged 18–29 with excess body weight. The conducted research proved the therapeutic efficiency of the developed product in hypocaloric diet for individuals with excess body weight. No tolerability problems or side effects were determined. An optimum method of treatment was developed. The results of the study make it possible to recommend bakery products with crushed seeds and safflower oil for the diet of overweight patients aged 18–29.
Sensory Components of Fruits and Berries
Authors: Почицкая Ирина , Pochitskaya Irina , Росляков Юрий , Roslyakov Yuriy , Комарова Наталья , Komarova Natallia , Рослик Валентина , Roslik Valentina
Published: June 2019

The research featured consumer properties of 18 varieties of apples, 12 varieties of pears, and 6 varieties of strawberries grown in the Republic of Belarus. The research objective was to study the sensory component composition of apples, pears, and strawberries to select varieties with the best consumer properties. Hexylacetate was detected in Charovnitsa, Zaslavskoye, Belarusian Sinap, and Pamyat Sikory apples. As for the pear varieties, Alesya, Belan, and Krasavita were found to contain butylbutanoate and hexylbutanoate. In all the samples of fresh pears, aroma-forming esters were mainly represented by hexylacetate and butyl acetate. Pears that reached full ripeness contained esters of unsaturated acids that are responsible for a characteristic pear flavor: methyl 2.4-decadienoate and two isomers of (cis-, trans-) ethyl-2.4-decadienoate. All the samples of strawberry contained linalool, which gives a floral flavor. Its quantity differed according to the variety: from 0.4% (Rusish variety) to 4.53% (Alpha variety). The apple varieties of Pamyat Kovalenko, Krasavita, and Dyayment had a high content of sugars (≥ 10%). Charovnitsa, Belana, and Zorka had a low acidity and can be recommended for the production of juice products for children. All the studied varieties of pears had a low sugar content (about 7%) and organic acids (≤ 0.3%), which also makes them suitable for children. The average acid content for strawberry was 9.1 g/kg, while the predominant acid was citric. However, Belarusian strawberries contained less sugar than stated in the databases, an average of 52.5 g/kg. Belana, Dyayment, Zorka, and Charovnitsa apples and Pamyat Yakovleva pears demonstrated a high sugar-acid index and the most harmonious taste. Garden strawberries had a low sugar-acid index value, not more than 6.2. The samples revealed various amounts of catechins, phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins. The obtained data on the component composition of 18 varieties of apples, 12 varieties of pears, and 6 varieties of garden strawberries of the B elarusian selection can serve as a marker of the authenticity of products by comparing with the existing database of basic quality indicators and the composition of raw materials.
Spray Drying of Food Suspensions: Upgrading Capabilities
Authors: Алексеев Геннадий , Alekseev Gennadii , Егорова Ольга , Egorova Olga , Молдованов Дмитрий , Moldovanov Dmitrii , Егоров Алексей , Egorov Aleksey
Published: June 2019

Spray drying is currently used to obtain powder products from suspensions. It is considered the most effective type of drying for such media. The complexity of the drying process is associated with thermal destruction of components, which degrades the properties of the product and imposes significant restrictions on temperature condition. The present research features the simulation of transient modes of operation of the solenoids to generate a controlled cavitation effect when applied to a stream of acoustic vibrations using a magnetostrictive generator of ultrasound. The authors propose a new design of spray nozzle for drying suspensions with counter-connected solenoids. Such solenoids can cause deformation of the main suspension supply line. The intensity of the cavitation processes depends on the dynamics of the solenoid actuation. The paper introduces a mathematical modeling of transient modes of operation for ultrasonic frequency generator solenoids that create a controlled cavitation effect when applied to the jet of acoustic oscillations of this frequency. When modeling the process of operation of solenoids, the main criterion for changing the intensity of cavitation is the average rate of change in the volume of the cavity at the stage of its collapse, related to one cycle of oscillations for a spherical cavity. An increase in the static pressure of the liquid led to a shift in the phase of the collapse of the cavity. As a result of the chosen mathematical model, a numerical experiment with modeling in the MathCAD program was carried out. It revealed some graphical dependences of the change in U(t), L(t), and R(t). The obtained data allow one to predict the ballast induction and active load (R, L) for the control of transients in the solenoid of the ultrasonic generator. These dependences make it possible to choose more effective parameters for drying suspensions, which is especially important for heat- sensitive components.
Key Operation Parameters of the Vibration Mixer in the Production of Flour Baking Mixes
Authors: Бородулин Дмитрий , Borodulin Dmitriy , Зорина Татьяна , Zorina Tatyana , Иванец Виталий , Ivanets Vitalij , Невская Екатерина , Nevskaya Ekaterina , Тюрина Ольга , Turina Olga , Борисова Алла , Borisova Alla
Published: June 2019

Food is one of the major health-determining factors. Thus, any product should be of high quality and contain valuable substances. Therefore, the authors selected a flour baking mix with a high content of protein to determine the key operation parameters of the vibration mixer. There have been a lot of researches that feature flour baking mixes with the help of various mixers. The present research employed an original vibration mixer of continuous action with a method of “consecutive dilution”. The experiment determined the speed of vibrotransportation of the protein mix through the operating part of the device. The power consumption of the device, as well as the speed of the vibrotransportation of the baking mix, can affect the process of mixing. Therefore, the authors studied the mutual impact of the technological parameters of the mixer and the power consumption. The analysis helped to determine the effect of the key parameters on the speed of vibrotransportation of the flour baking mix. The speed υ increased with the increase in the oscillation frequency of the operating part f and the vibration amplitude A. A high amplitude and oscillation frequency proved to increase the value of power consumption of the vibromixer. Its key operation parameters were as follows: the amplitude of vibration A = 0.0035 m, the angle of vibration β = 45°, the height of the vibroboiling layer = 0.02 m, the diameter of perforation of the operating part of the device d = 0.007 m.
A comparative study on Co(II) removal capacity from water samples by sorption using limestone and nanolimestone
Authors: Elmorsy Ahmed H. , EL-Toony Mohamed , Al-Johani Enas , Ghurzan Shamha
Published: June 2019

Powdered nanolimestone (NLS) and limestone (LS) have been investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of cobalt from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of pH. The favorable pH for maximum cobalt adsorption was 6.8. The surface area increased in the case of NLS up to 6.2 m2/g, while it was equal to 0.5 m2/g in the case of LS. The adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir equation was 17.1 mg/g for LS and 60.0 mg/g for NLS at pH 6.8. The adsorption capacity increased with temperature and the kinetics followed a first-order rate equation. The enthalpy change (ΔHo) was 20.8 Jmol−1 for LS and 41.6 Jmol−1 for NLS, while entropy change (ΔSo) was 33.3 JK−1 mol−1 for LS and 74.8 JK−1 mol−1 for NLS, which substantiates the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the cobalt adsorption process. All of the results suggested that the NLS is very strong and could be an excellent nano-adsorbent for cobalt contaminated water treatment more than limestone.
Pathophysiological Role and Drug Modulation of Calcium Transport in Ocular Surface Cells
Authors: Chu Chen-Chen , Zhao Shao-Zhen
Published: June 2019

The ocular surface structure and extraocular accessory organs constitute the ocular surface
system, which includes the cornea, conjunctiva, eyelids, lacrimal organs, and lacrimal passages.
This system is composed of, and stabilized by, the corneal epithelium, conjunctival cells, conjunctival
goblet cells, lacrimal acinar cells and Tenon’s fibroblasts, all of which maintain the healthy eyeball
surface system. Ocular surface diseases are commonly referred to corneal and conjunctival disease
and external ocular disease, resulting from damage to the ocular surface structure. A growing
body of evidence has indicated that abnormal activation of the KCa3.1 channel and Ca2+/
calmodulin-dependent kinase initiates ocular injury. Signaling pathways downstream of the irregular
Ca2+ influx induce cell progression and migration, and impair tight junctions, epithelial transport and
secretory function. In this overview, we summarize the current knowledge regarding ocular surface
disease in terms of physical and pathological alteration of the ocular system. We dissect in-depth,
the mechanisms underlying disease progression, and we describe the current calcium transport
therapeutics and the obstacles that remain to be solved. Finally, we summarize how to integrate the
research results into clinical practice in the future.
The Prevalence and Causes of Non-adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications in Patients with Lupus Nephritis Flares
Authors: Ali Ahmed Yamany , Abdelaziz Tarek Samy , Behiry Mervat Essam
Published: June 2019

Background:

Lupus nephritis is one of the major manifestations of SLE. Poor adherence
to medications is an important cause of not achieving treatment targets.

Methods :

We assessed patients’ adherence to immune-suppressive medications in patients with
Lupus nephritis using the Morisky, Green, and Levine (MGL) Adherence Scale. The aim was to
study the effect of non-adherence on the occurrence of renal flares.

Results:

We recruited 104 patients with lupus nephritis. Sixty-six patients had flares of LN. There
was a high prevalence of non-adherence to medications (n=68). Patients who were non-adherent to
treatment had more renal flares (p= 0.02). Duration of lupus since diagnosis was significantly
higher in patients who had renal flares. Using regression analysis, non-adherence to medications
was associated with 3.7 higher risk of developing a single renal flare and 4.9 higher risk of developing
more than one renal flare. Causes of non-adherence were medications side effects in 43% of patients,
financial issues in 31% or forgetfulness in 26%.

Conclusion:

Non-adherence to immunosuppressive medications has a high prevalence in patients
with lupus nephritis and is correlated with the number of renal flares.
Biochemical, Hematological and Histopathological Indices of Wistar Rats Fed Vitamin and Mineral Deficient Diets Supplemented with Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal
Authors: Mhlomi Yanga N. , Otunola Gloria A. , Afolayan Anthony J.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Moringa oleifera is currently and rapidly gaining superfood status.

Objective:

This study evaluated the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLM) on haematological,
biochemical and histopathology indices of rats fed with Vitamins and Minerals Deficient (VMD) diets.

Methods:

Twenty-five male Wistar rats (220-290g) were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 5 rats
each. The control (normal rat chow), remaining four diets were VMD plus MOLM at 0, 3, 5 and
10%. Haematological, biochemical and histopathological statuses were evaluated after 28 days.

Results:

Non-significant increase in RBC was observed in rats fed with the MOLM diets compared
to control. Rats on VMD diet had the lowest haemoglobin levels, whereas haemoglobin increased
with MOLM. No significant differences were observed in haematocrit, MCH, MCHC, platelets,
RDW and MPV in all the treatments and control group. However, VMD rats showed a decrease in
haemoglobin, and an increase in WBC and platelets. Electrolytes and glucose for all the treatments
and control were not significantly different, but, control and VMD10 diets rats showed significantly
higher values for creatinine compared to MOLM diets; total protein and albumin increased with
MOLM and were higher than in VMD and control rats. Serum activities of hepatic, cardiac and adrenal
marker enzymes were observed to be significantly lower in MOLM rats compared to VMD and
control. Mild congestion in VMD and VMD3 rats’ liver and diffused congestion in the kidney of
VMD diet rats were observed.

Conclusion:

The significantly high increase in platelet count in the VMD treated rats, indicative of
anemia and other physiological imbalances, highlights the effect of micronutrient (mineral and vitamins)
deficiencies in the diet. There is also the possibility that the anti-nutrients factors present in
Moringa oleifera prevented uptake and bioavailability of nutrients, since the MOLM did not undergo
any processing that could have removed or reduced these antinutrients. Further studies are still needed
on Moringa oleifera leaves to validate the bioavailability of nutrients from the plant.
ARFIS: Adaptive-Receiver-Based Fuzzy Inference System for Diffusion- Based Molecular Communications
Authors: Alshammri Ghalib H. , Ahmed Walid K. M. , Lawrence Victor B.
Published: June 2019

Background:

The architecture and sequential learning rule-based underlying ARFIS
(adaptive-receiver-based fuzzy inference system) are proposed to estimate and predict the adaptive
threshold-based detection scheme for diffusion-based molecular communication (DMC).

Method:

The proposed system forwards an estimate of the received bits based on the current molecular
cumulative concentration, which is derived using sequential training-based principle with weight
and bias and an input-output mapping based on both human knowledge in the form of fuzzy IFTHEN
rules. The ARFIS architecture is employed to model nonlinear molecular communication to
predict the received bits over time series.

Result:

This procedure is suitable for binary On-OFF-Keying (Book signaling), where the receiver
bio-nanomachine (Rx Bio-NM) adapts the 1/0-bit detection threshold based on all previous received
molecular cumulative concentrations to alleviate the inter-symbol interference (ISI) problem and
reception noise.

Conclusion:

Theoretical and simulation results show the improvement in diffusion-based molecular
throughput and the optimal number of molecules in transmission. Furthermore, the performance
evaluation in various noisy channel sources shows promising improvement in the un-coded bit error
rate (BER) compared with other threshold-based detection schemes in the literature.
Synthesis of Dual Target CPT-Ala-Nor Conjugates and Their Biological Activity Evaluation
Authors: Zhao Chang K. , Xu Lang , Wang Xian H. , Bao Yu J. , Wang Yuhe
Published: June 2019

Background:

Target therapy has been one of the important strategies in new drug discovery and the
resulting drug resistance has also been a serious problem for concern. At the same time, there are several cancer
genes or pathways operating within a given cancer. Given these two things, the combination therapy will be
needed for optimal therapeutic effect.

Objective:

Camptothecin and norcantharidin were thus chosen to construct a dual anticancer drugs assemblies
mainly because CPT was the DNA-topoisomerase I inhibitor and norcantharidin could also suppress the cancer
cell growth by inhibiting protein phosphatase. The designed conjugate of camptothecin and norcantharidin
linked by alanine was expected to have dual target drug properties.

Methods:

EDCI/DMAP was chosen as a coupling agent for the coupling of CPT with substituted norcantharidin
derivatives and CCK-8 method was used to test the cytotoxicity and intensity on human hepatoma cell line
HepG2. Two kinds of enzymes, Top I and CDC 25B were selected to screen the binding affinity in molecular
level.

Results:

Nine of dual targets camptothecin derivatives were smoothly synthesized by twice coupling in the
condition of EDCI/DMAP in moderate yield. All of the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1HNMR
and 13CNMR spectrum and exhibited strong potent inhibition against Hep G2, SW480, BGC803, and PANC-1
cell line in vitro. The newly synthesized camptothecin compounds, such as 3j and 3i have strengthened inhibition
activity compared to camptothecin and norcantharidin.

Conclusion:

We have successfully synthesized a series of novel camptothecin derivatives constructed from
three components of camptothecin, alanine and norcantharidin. These compounds not only preserved strong
activity against several cancer cell lines in vitro, but also exhibited potential binding affinity to target Top I and
CDC 25B. Therefore, these conjugates linked by alanine could suppress cancer cell growth by inhibiting Top I
and protein phosphatase simultaneously, which makes it much valuable as a novel bi-functional target drug
candidate to develop in vivo.
Monoterpenoid Geraniol Improves Anti-mycobacterial Drug Efficiency by Interfering with Lipidome and Virulence of Mycobacteria
Authors: Sharma Sharda , Hameed Saif , Fatima Zeeshan
Published: June 2019

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global infectious disorder for which efficient
therapeutics are elusive. Nature is a source of novel pharmacologically active compounds
with many potential drugs being derived directly or indirectly from plants, microorganisms and
marine organisms.

Objective:

The present study aimed to elucidate the antimycobacterial potential of Geraniol (Ger),
monoterpene alcohol, against Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Methods:

Disrupted membrane integrity was studied by membrane permeability assay and PI uptake.
Cell surface phenotypes were studied by colony morphology, sliding motility and cell sedimentation
rate. Lipidome profile was demonstrated by thin-layer chromatography and liquid
chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Amendment in iron homeostasis was
assessed by using iron chelator ferrozine and ferroxidase assay while genotoxicity was estimated
with EtBr and DAPI staining. Biofilm formation was measured by staining, dry mass and metabolic
activity using crystal violet. Cell adherence was examined microscopically and spectrophotometrically.

Results:

We found the antimycobacterial activity of Ger to be 500 μg/ml against M. smegmatis.
Underlying mechanisms revealed impaired cell surface phenotypes. Lipidomics analysis exposed
profound decrement of mycolic acids, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and triacylglycerides
which are crucial for MTB pathogenicity. We further explored that Ger impairs iron homeostasis
and leads to genotoxic stress. Moreover, Ger inhibited the potential virulence attributes such as
biofilm formation and cell adherence to both polystyrene surface and epithelial cells. Finally, we
have validated all the disrupted phenotypes by RT-PCR which showed good correlation with the
biochemical assays.

Conclusion:

Taken together, the current study demonstrates the antimycobacterial mechanisms of
Ger, which may be exploited as an effective candidate of pharmacological interest.