bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of orthoepic competence with roma first-grade students – statement of the problem (analysis of a survey among teachers)
Authors:   ", Gergova Hristina ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

Language competence, based on the alphabet and writing of the community one belongs to, is the “key“ to the personal and social growth of a child. Mastering reading and writing is a complex process for all students but it is most difficult for first-graders, learning the official Bulgarian language as a second language, particularly Roma children. It is assumed that a satisfactory formed orthoepic competence (Beginners’ level) during the literacy development process is the fundamental tool for successful “entry“ into the Bulgarian alphabet and writing. Within the outlined theoretical context, an analysis of a survey among primary teachers has been made, aiming to highlight the importance of the problem and to make well-founded recommendations for improving the educational process in the particular pedagogical and linguistic situations.
Variability of indicators in professionally significant motor qualities for engineers in the mining industry (study with students from UMG “Sv. Ivan Rilski”)
Authors:   University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, University of National and World Economy – Sofia, Bulgaria, Stavreva Ivanka , Stavrev Spas
Published: November 2021

In the hasty and strained contemporary life rhythm, requirements to human being become still bigger. It is particularly valid for a number of professions, in which apart from excellent knowledge, required are also various motor, psychic and personal qualities. In our development we focus our attention on the professionally significant motor qualities for the profession engineer in the mining sector. The aim is to investigate the level of development of these qualities with students, educated for the profession at the University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski” – Sofia, establishing the homogeneity of educational groups on the subject “Physical education”. It is an important step for future updating of educational programmers in the investigated four sports. From the investigated four professionally significant motor qualities, the results in three of them define the groups as comparatively homogenous – general physical endurance, quickness and flexibility. As for the strength, the four investigated groups are quite heterogeneous. In conclusion, it is recommended to include additional methods in all educational groups per sport type for development of the quality strength.
Didactics, methodology or post-method pedagogy. Terminological highlights in the conceptualisation of language leaning and teaching
Authors:   ", Velikova Siylvia ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

This article investigates the meanings of key terms used to describe the theory and practice of language learning and teaching as an academic discipline and as a field of enquiry. The study discusses various manifestations of terminological variability and analyses four of the most frequent terms (methodology of language teaching, language didactics, language pedagogy, language education) which reveal the nature of language learning and teaching and its conceptualisation in the current “post-method” era.
Varia: Attribution, predication, apposition – Part second
Authors:   ", Getsov Anton ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The paper is part of a series of publications that set out to examine various aspects in the analysis of appositive constructions. The purpose of this particular study is to reveal the multidimensional, diverse, and complex interaction between three types of syntactic relations – attributive, predicative, and appositive. The study offers a critical review of various theories on the status of the grammatical relation between the components of non-detached (close) appositive constructions. The main argument of this paper is that determining this status, on the one hand, is a function of the morphological and semantic characteristics of the components of the construction, while, on the other hand, it determines their syntactic status.
Comparative analysis of the physical abilities and specific skills during mini basketball at school activities of 8-year-old children
Authors:   NSA “Vassil Levski”, Bulgaria, Borukova Mariana , Zhecheva-Tupankova Svetla ,   University of Shumen”Konstantin Preslavsky”, Bulgaria
Published: November 2021

Physical activity reflects the general workability of man’s organism on the basis of the complex development of the motive qualities and the needed skills and habits for their manifestation. Mini basketball is a game adapted for children at their initial stage of education; the pupils improve their motive skills, develop their physical qualities, the feeling of affiliation as well as work in a team by practicing the game. The purpose of the study is to make comparative analysis of the physical ability and specific skills level of 8-year-old pupils on sex factor. Studied are 96 pupils (45 boys and 51 girls) who underwent sport-pedagogical tests according to 11 signs bearing information about the physical abilities and specific skills of the children. Descriptive Statistics and comparative analysis are applied; the results give us the reason to claim that the differences for 10 of the indicators of the totality we have studied bear advantage in favor of the 8-year-old boys while for six of the signs the differences are statistically important. The boys have better explosive strength of the lower and upper limbs, possess better exactness in passing the ball to a goal, can better lead the ball at high speed. The girls’ advantage is for their suppleness only but the differences are not statistically reliable.
“Heart of Darkness” on The Bulgarian Stage – Creative Perspectives and Techniques
Authors:   ", Tsoneva Petya ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo, Grigorova Margreta ,   "St. Cyril and Methodius" University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

“Heart of Darkness” is a multilayered but coherent work whose universally acclaimed appeal draws on its thematic preoccupation with the problems of initiation and cognition. The rich variety of interpretations and creative reworks of the novella vary from discussions of its importance as a sample of anticolonial fiction to the acknowledgement of its role as a precursor to contemporary fantastic literature. The first Bulgarian dramatisation of “Heart of Darkness”, screen-written and directed by Valeria Valcheva, is an insightful and successful attempt to do justice to both its contents and the suggestive power of its poetics translated into the language of drama. The performance combines the stylistic features of farce, cabaret, ritual and classical theatre, inserting fragments of Edgar Allan Poe, Vachel Lindsay, Tom Waits, Thomas Eliot and even Pushkin’s poems. Valcheva is particularly concerned with reading Conrad’s work as a “European” collective narrative where the African Other is rendered through the poetic features of mask-wearing and the symbolic “curtain” of the jungle. The performance is likewise accompanied by music that includes the “talking drums” of Congo, and its stage design was apparently borrowed from Orson Welles’s cinematic adaptations. One of the outstanding contributions of the Bulgarian performance to the earlier attempts at dramatising Conrad’s work is the use of a marionette to represent Kurtz’s self-glorified condition. The play likewise foregrounds the biographical aspect of Conrad’s work related to Conrad and Marguerite Poradowska’s correspondence.
To tell a story in present tense (on the use of the verb tenses in the gospel narratives)
Authors:   ", Sabev Pavlin ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

It is a well-known fact that the evangelists (excluding Luke) prefer the Present tense for their stories. Is there any particular grammatical code behind the account of the past which occurs in the Present tense (the Gospels were written at least two to three decades after the events they describe), as most theologians today think? The analyzed examples show the lack of such a code and the influence of oral Semitic speech.
Metacommunication: Anthropocentric Views in Contemporary Linguistics
Authors:   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria, Mangacheva Donka
Published: November 2021

As an indispensable component of the social interpersonal interaction, metacommunication falls within many fields of study and is considered in the light of different anthropocentric perspectives, which predetermine a specific coverage of problematics, spatial modeling and categorization. During the last decades metacommunication is also a subject of increased interest in the linguistics in its quality of a complex phenomenon linked both with the transmission and interpretation of particular information in the verbal exchange and with the reflection on the speech use and formation of interpersonal relationships
Some Slavonic loanwords in the Vilnius dictionary
Authors:   Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland, Dąbrowska-Kamińska Anna
Published: November 2021

The study outlines some of the problems related to the description of foreign elements in cognate languages from the Polish dictionary i.e. Słownik wileński. In borderland areas there are differences specific to Polish, Belorussian, Ukrainian and Russian languages, which come from the Proto-Slavic language community. The article proposes to interpret and specify the semantics of separate lexemes functioning in the eastern borderlands during the 19th century.
The Bulgarian concept of the HOME on the Slavic associative backdrop
Authors:   ", Ilieva Maria ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The new research paradigms in linguistics, such as ethno-psycholinguistics, make it possible to analyze in a new way some basic concepts in the linguistic consciousness of a person. The DOM (HOME) concept is discussed on the basis of comparable associative data from three Slavic languages – Bulgarian, Russian and Polish, in order to search for their common areas, and to outline the ethno-specific segment in the Bulgarian notion. We have come to the following conclusions: dynamism in the conceptualization of HOME in recent decades; predominantly abstract conceptualization; close connection between МАЙКА, ЖЕНА (MOTHER, WOMAN) and DOM (HOME) in Bulgarian linguistic consciousness. Lexicographic solutions are offered.
Ideas for improving mathematics teaching in fourth grade of primary school by using the mathematical software GeoGebra
Authors:   ", Angelova Zhirzheta ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

In the paper studying some spatial geometric figures in 4th grade mathematics education is explored. To do this the possibilities of GeoGebra are used. For each of the figures – rectangular parallelepiped, cube, pyramid, cylinder, cone, sphere, drawings are given in order to illustrate the geometric figure as well as to ensure following the basic rule in learning and understanding mathematical concepts – varying the insignificant properties of the concept to make its significant ones stand out.
Some ideas about the didactic utilization of the en virtud de connector in teaching legal spanish to non-native speakers
Authors:   International Courses of the University of Salamanca, Spain, Videva Radomira
Published: November 2021

The present article analyzes the use of connectors as one of the linguistic devices that provide grammatical cohesion to Spanish legal texts. In addition to the theoretical review, the paper offers a didactic proposal to develop an ability to work with the en virtud de connector, which has been designed to meet the needs of teaching legal Spanish to non-native speakers.
Using literature in English language training (based on the Language trainer O. Henry (abridged). Short stories and six tests)
Authors:   Medical University – Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Petkova Gergana
Published: November 2021

Using literature in English language training provides a large number of advantages for learners such as developing their reading skills, contributing to better understanding of the foreign language, and providing an authentic model of language use. Combining reading with practice tests developed on the basis of the plotline, vocabulary, and grammar exhibited in each story can produce numerous benefits for foreign language learners and it is an effective tool for consolidating knowledge and developing skills to use the foreign language in different situations. The Language Trainer series published by Koala Press implements the idea of combining literary texts with tests designed to consolidate the learners’ knowledge of the specific vocabulary and grammar used in them. A number of books have already been published in this series, among which is O. HENRY (ABRIDGED). SHORT STORIES AND SIX TESTS. It is intended for anyone learning English who wants to improve their knowledge and skills in English.
Some paradoxes in contemporary upbringing
Authors:   ", Penchev Delyan ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

In historical point of view every human generation learn some standard practices in upbringing from previous generations but create new. In contemporary pedagogy this processes are connected with two basic educational functions – conservative and progressive. Conservatism represent save and continuation of traditional practices in upbringing chiefly in family and educational institutions but according to progressive idea this practices have to be partial or completely changed. This change is important condition for adaptation on children to the present and the future. On the other hand, all this can generate series of contradictions and paradoxes in actions on basic upbringing factors – family and educational institution. In this article the author examine some dysfunctions of educational practices on this factors, as refusal to execute their basic functions, evade responsibility, don’t attach importance to main social problems, inefficient educational practices and so on.
“Old”/“New” Settlements and Administrative Centers in the Ottoman Provincial Administration: Ala Kinise/ Osman Pazar and Hotalich/ Servi (Selvi) (According to Ottoman Documents From the 15th–17th Centuries)
Authors:   ", Mutafova Krasimira ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The study raises questions about the fate of the medieval Bulgarian fortresses and urban centers in the system of Ottoman provincial administration, which has repeatedly been discussed in Balkan and Ottoman studies. These debates are constantly related to the issues of continuity in the administration and ruling of the Bulgarian lands, evidenced in the territorial overlap of the medieval administrative structures with the new Ottoman ones, as well as in the names of the sanjaks, nahiyes and vilayets. One of the problems that is yet to be completely solved has to do with the medieval fortresses and settlements, registered with their pre-Ottoman names as important administrative centers in the system of Ottoman provincial administration (nahiyes, vilayets, kazas), but most likely destroyed during the conquest or earlier. New settlements are developing near them which have different names but the same administrative functions. Many of them are problematic to be localized, but for centuries, these “old” settlements and centers of power have been referred to in parallel with the “new” settlements as another name (nam-i diğer) for the respective administrative centers. The present study focuses on two of the examples of continuity and parallel designation of the “old”/“new” settlements – nahiye Ala Kinise (Kilisa)/ Osman Pazar and nahiye Hotaliç/ Servi (Selvi). These administrative-territorial units are typical of the Ottoman model of administration at local level, as well as regarding the presence of a particular continuity from the medieval Bulgarian state. The complex approach applied in the research and interpretation of the Ottoman register material allows us not only to trace the indications of continuity in the development of individual settlements, but also to understand the pre-Ottoman period of their existence within the medieval Bulgarian state. In a broader sense, it provides a real opportunity for a well-grounded reconstruction of the Ottoman model of power, demographic and economic control of the Bulgarian lands at local level.
Subject activity in pedagogical interaction – a condition for the development of communication, speech and language in preschool age
Authors:   ", Chuhovska Delyana ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the results of a study focused on the development of speech in the educational process in kindergarten. The results are interpreted in the context of significant pedagogical and social determinants that determine the integrative connections between communication, speech and language. They are shared as grounds for developing educational-applied models for stimulating the subjective activity through group communication.
The City of Ihrit’ in Asoghik’s Universal History and the Origin of the Sacred Aureola Around Medieval Ohrid
Authors:   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria, Goliyski Petar
Published: November 2021

Stepanos Taronetsi (Steven of Taron), better known as Asoghik, completed his Universal History in 1004. This work made him the most prominent Armenian historian of the 11th century. It is known in Bulgaria because of Asoghik’s information about the Armenian origin of the Bulgarian Tsar Samuel. However, the following passage, related to Bulgarian history, has gone unnoticed by scholars: “Justianos, 37 years... He was overthrown by his army for insignificant reasons and fled to Khakan, the king of the Khazars, married his daughter and took the city of Ihrit as an inheritance, and with the help of the Khazar troops returned to reign in Constantinople and established himself on the throne of his kingdom. Then he built the great and famous Hagia Sophia Church.” Ihrit is the city of Ohrid in the present-day Republic of North Macedonia. A careful analysis of the passage shows that the episode of Justinian II’s reascension (685–695; 705–711) to the Byzantine throne with the help of the Bulgarians (the Khazars at Asoghik) was automatically attached to the reign of Justinian I (527–565) by the Armenian historian. Or rather, this insertion was already made in the earlier source used by Asoghik. The fact that Asoghik mentions Ohrid during the reign of Justinian I falls within the context of the propaganda efforts of the Ohrid Archbishopric (Archbishopric of Bulgaria) to derive its origins directly from the famous Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima, founded in 535 by Emperor Justinian I. The aim was to create a sacred aureola around the Ohrid Archbishopric and subsequently to neutralize the Constantinople Patriarchate’s attempts to subdue it and even to put an end to its existence. However, Asoghik’s account preceded the Ohrid Archbishopric’s efforts by a century. Nevertheless, the mention of Ohrid in Asoghik’s work is not a late interpolation of a scribe, but it fits perfectly into a statement of the Byzantine historian Nicephorus Gregoras, suggesting that the first steps in presenting Ohrid as an ancient ecclesiastical center, identical to Justiniana Prima, were made around 972, shortly after the seat of the Bulgarian Patriarchate had been transferred from Moesia to Macedonia.
The greek books in Emanuil Vaskidovich’s library
Authors:   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria, Savova Dora
Published: November 2021

Studying and deciphering the Greek books in Emmanuel’s Vaskidovich’s library motivate us to rebuild its content. Sorting the titles based on their subject matter and analysing them as prime examples of the European Enlightement thought allows us to appreciate this fascinating library which contains the most important works of the European Enlightement and Ancient Greece. The teaching aids for the study of geography, history, philosophy, grammar and vocabulary that belonged to this important teacher of the Revival demonstrate the high level of education that he was able to give the future generations of Bulgarians, some of whom were the leading figures of the post-liberation period in Bulgaria.
Russian as a foreign language (RFL): inflectional discordances in noun phrases with prepositional postmodification – learners’ difficulties and problem-solution approaches
Authors:   Ministry of Justice – city of Skopje, R.N. Macedonia, University of “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” – Skopje, R.N. Macedonia, Georgieva Nadezhda , Georgieva Kalina
Published: November 2021

The article discusses complexity of syncretic-character relationships between the constituents of noun phrases with prepositional postmodification in Russian language, considering their contradictory interpretations in Russian grammar guides’ analysis when applied in Russian-as-a-foreign-language teaching. The experience with beginners and pre-intermediate learners of different ages indicates the practical necessity of analyzing such units regarding their multi-aspect syntactic potential, which is often incompletely treated by contemporary linguistic theory instructions.
Letter to the editor - The 23-Year Existence of the “Zdrowie” [Eng. Health] Rehabilitation Centre in Kraków – Memories and Summary of Activities
Authors: Lorkowski Jacek , Szczygieł Elżbieta
Published: November 2021

On June 30, 2021, 23 years after its establishment, the activity of "Zdrowie" [Eng. Health] Rehabilitation Centre in Kraków came to an end. At the “Zdrowie” Rehabilitation Centre, this was done through appropriate personalised treatment, mainly rehabilitation, and since its inception, the centre had promoted not only the treatment of diseases, the consequences of traumatic injuries and the resulting disability, but most of all, their prevention. In 1998, as one of the first centres in Poland, the “Zdrowie” Rehabilitation Centre began routinely carrying out pedobarographic examinations, to an extent not found in other places at that time. Since 2006, photogrammetric testing has also been performed. What definitely distinguished the Centre, not only in Kraków, but also on the Polish medical market, was, among others, its scientific activity. Based on the Centre's professional and scientific achievements, sixteen M.A. one B.A, three doctoral dissertations, articles published in reputable journals with the Impact Factor (IF) index and scores from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) or the Ministry of Science and Education (MNiE) were prepared.
Blending Lime with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Stabilizing Expansive Clay Soils in Subgrade
Authors: Teddy Zalwango , Annette Bazairwe , Ainomugisha Safiki
Published: November 2021

Expansive soils constitute one of the most frequently encountered and challenging soils to geotechnical engineers. This study assessed the possibility of utilizing sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) by partially replacing slaked lime to stabilize expansive clay soils. The soil samples were picked from Muduuma area, Mpigi district, Central Uganda. Experimental tests of linear shrinkage (LS), plasticity index (PI), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) were conducted on both unstabilized soil and SCBA-lime treated samples. The SCBA-lime mixture was prepared by partially replacing 5% lime with SCBA at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% by weight. Hence, SCBA was used in proportions of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% by dry weight of the soil. The addition of lime greatly lowered the PI and LS, which later increased with the addition of the SCBA. The maximum dry density was generally lowered with the addition of lime and SCBA, from 1.87 g/cm3 to 1.58%. The CBR increased with SCBA-lime addition from 12% for unstabilized soil up to 48% at 6% SCBA replacement. The optimum lime replacement was established as 6% SCBA lime replacement based on CBR criteria. At the 6% optimum, the optimum moisture content (OMC) was 1.7 Mg/m3, LS was 10%, and PI was 20%. This study demonstrated the potentiality of SCBA as a novel construction material, specifically by partially reducing the usage of the unsustainable, non-environmentally friendly lime. It is also expected to enable using currently unsuitable clays from the region.
United States Emergency Department Use of Medications with Pharmacogenetic Recommendations
Authors: Limkakeng Jr Alexander , Manandhar Pratik , Erkanli Alaatin , Eucker Stephanie , Root Adam , Voora Deepak
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Emergency departments (ED) use many medications with a range of therapeutic efficacy and potential significant side effects, and many medications have dosage adjustment recommendations based on the patient’s specific genotype. How frequently medications with such pharmaco-genetic recommendations are used in United States (US) EDs has not been studied.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2010–2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). We reported the proportion of ED visits in which at least one medication with Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) recommendation of Level A or B evidence was ordered. Secondary comparisons included distributions and 95% confidence intervals of age, gender, race/ethnicity, ED disposition, geographical region, immediacy, and insurance status between all ED visits and those involving a CPIC medication.

Results: From 165,155 entries representing 805,726,000 US ED visits in the 2010–2015 NHAMCS, 148,243,000 ED visits (18.4%) led to orders of CPIC medications. The most common CPIC medication was tramadol (6.3%). Visits involving CPIC medications had higher proportions of patients who were female, had private insurance and self-pay, and were discharged from the ED. They also involved lower proportions of patients with Medicare and Medicaid.

Conclusion: Almost one fifth of US ED visits involve a medication with a pharmacogenetic recommendation that may impact the efficacy and toxicity for individual patients. While direct application of genotyping is still in development, it is important for emergency care providers to understand and support this technology given its potential to improve individualized, patient- centered care.
Study of Anthropometric and Body Composition Variables in the Overweight/Obese, Sedentary Elderly Men Using WATERinMOTION Aqua Training: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rezaeipour Mohammadreza , Nychyporuk Vladimir Ivanovich , Raghi Zahra
Published: November 2021

Background: The effect of aqua training on human body composition still causes inconsistency. Objectives: This study was set to identify the effects of WATERinMOTION (WiM) as a water-based exercise on anthropometric and body composition variables without dietetic supervision in overweight/obese, sedentary elderly men. Methods: Participants (n = 70; age: 70.5 ± 4.4 years) derived by purposive and accessible selection were randomly distributed to either a one-month WiM aqua training group (n = 35, two weekly sessions each included 55 minutes on WiM aqua training) or a control group (n = 35, at the same time in sitting state). Anthropometric measures (height, weight, and waist circumference [WC]) and body composition variables (body mass index [BMI], fat mass [FM], total body water [TBW], and free fat mass [FFM]) were evaluated pre/post-study. Results: Upon analysis, statistically significant changes (P ≤ 0.05) were set on weight, BMI, and FM by comparing pre/post study for the WiM group. Furthermore, comparing groups at post disclosed a significant change in anthropometric measures (weight and WC) and body composition variables (BMI, FM, TBW, and FFM). Conclusions: A short-run, non-diet-supervised WiM program suggests supporting a loss in weight, FM, and BMI in overweight/obese, sedentary elderly men.
Evaluating the Effect of Vitamin A on Persistent Wheezing in Infants with Bronchiolitis in Southern Iran in 2018
Authors: Soleimani Gholamreza , Shafighi Shahri Elham , Ganjali Alireza , Ansari Moghadam Alireza , Mirshekari Afsaneh
Published: November 2021

Background: Bronchiolitis is a viral infection that causes the airways (bronchioles) in the lungs to become narrow, which makes breathing difficult. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin A on persistent wheezing in infants with bronchiolitis. Methods: This study was performed on 60 infants with bronchiolitis who were randomly divided into two equal groups (n = 30) of intervention (receiving 5000 units per kg of vitamin A injection) and control. The severity of wheezing and retraction and number of breaths in the patients were recorded. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and t-test were used to compare the data. Results: Our study showed that 6.7% of infants in the control group had severe wheezing during the discharge, while no wheezing was reported in the intervention group. Also, the rate of moderate wheezing in the control and intervention groups was 40% and 10%, respectively (P = 0.006). Two weeks after treatment, the moderate wheezing frequency in the control group was 30%, but no wheezing was recorded in the intervention group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, administration of vitamin A significantly reduced the severity of wheezing in patients with bronchiolitis. Accordingly, it is recommended that vitamin A along with other treatments, be prescribed for all infants with symptoms of bronchiolitis.
The relationships among relatedness frustration, affiliation motivation, and WeChat engagement, moderated by relatedness satisfaction
Authors: Chen Yunxiang , Li Ruoxuan , Liu Xiangping
Published: November 2021

The current study was designed based on the two-process model of the relatedness need to investigate the cyber-psychological mechanisms in the relationship between relatedness frustration and social networking sites (SNSs) behaviors. Chinese college students (N = 494; 190 males; Mage = 18.81 ± .92) were recruited to complete online questionnaires to measure relatedness frustration, relatedness satisfaction, affiliation motivation, and WeChat engagement. Path analyses indicated that relatedness frustration was directly related to defensive WeChat engagement and indirectly related to WeChat involvement and active engagement via affiliation motivation. Affiliation motivation played a significant mediating role, with the relationship between affiliation motivation and WeChat involvement being moderated by relatedness satisfaction. Specifically, this relationship existed only when the level of relatedness satisfaction was high. This study helps to understand motivational coping mechanisms among people with different levels of relatedness satisfaction in relation to SNSs after experiencing relatedness frustration. Potential limitations and future directions of this paper to the cyber-psychology literature are discussed.
Possibility of Friendship between Religions
Authors: Mitias Michael ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2021

The majority of theologians, philosophers, and religious leaders have, during the past five decades, either argued or taken it for granted that the primary aim of interreligious dialogue is mutual understanding and that the purpose of realizing this aim is mitigation of alienation, hatred, and violence between the religions and cooperation on worthwhile projects. On the contrary, the author of this paper argues that the primary aim of interreligious dialogue should be to create a bond of friendship between the various religions of the world. In his attempt to establish the validity of this proposition, the author, first, advances a concept of "collective subject" as a condition for the possibility of friendship primarily because friendship is viewed as a relation between two human subjects; second, he introduces a general concept of friendship whose main elements are good will, mutual affection, and social service; and, third, he argues that religions can, qua collective subjects, establish a bond of friendship between them.
The Confucian and Marxian Ways: Ironic Affinities
Authors: Brien Kevin M. ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2021

This essay explores significant affinities with respect to the humanism of the Marxian and Confucian Ways. Although orthodox Marxism suppresses the humanistic dimensions of Marx’s thought, they are foremost in his earlier writing, and were never abandoned in his later thought. All varieties of Confucianism recognize its humanism. The essay argues that both perspectives involve process modes of understanding; that both have a convergent understanding of abstract general terms; that both view the human being as a community being; that both advocate similar ideal modes of becoming; and that both are concerned with the problems of human alienation.
El uso educativo de las Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales (IDE) para mejorar la responsabilidad social de los ciudadanos del siglo XXI sobre el territorio
Authors: Álvarez-Otero Javier
Published: November 2021

La tesis doctoral «El uso educativo de las Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales (IDE) para mejorar la responsabilidad social de los ciudadanos del siglo XXI sobre el territorio» ha sido presentada por compendio de artículos,publicados en revistas de impacto, los cuales han servido para conseguir los objetivos e hipótesis de investigación. El objetivo principal de la tesis ha sido demostrar que es posible trabajar la responsabilidad social desde la geografía empleando los geodatos que ofrecen los servicios procedentes de las Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales (IDE). Para ello, ha sido necesario demostrar la utilidad de integrar las IDE de forma natural y amigable en las aulas de geografía en el nivel de secundaria y formar a ciudadanos del siglo XXI en responsabilidad social, gracias al conocimiento del mismo obtenido del manejo de geodatos, mejorando así sus competencias espaciales, digitales y sociales, y causando un cambio de su actitud sobre el territorio, derivado de una mejora del conocimiento de los problemas relacionados con la sostenibilidad. Se han propuesto cuatro hipótesis de investigación: (1) el profesorado tiene un conocimiento escaso o nulo sobre las IDE, lo que hace que desaproveche las oportunidades que ofrecen; (2) Determinar el grado de conveniencia del empleo de las IDE en las aulas de secundaria, según los expertos.; (3) la responsabilidad social de la ciudadanía sobre el territorio, entendida como colaboración en la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), puede mejorar tras las intervenciones en el aula empleando los geodatos ofrecidos por los servicios de las IDE, y también puede producir un cambio de actitudes que conduzca a la transformación del territorio,; y (4) es posible un modelo docente que integre los geodatos proporcionados por los servicios IDE y la responsabilidad social basadas en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).
Developing Coalitions in a Tourism-Based Economy: The New Orleans Joint Center for Tourism
Authors: Brooks Jane S. , Lacho Kenneth J.
Published: November 2021

The New Orleans Vieux Carre is an attraction to tourists, yet the growth of tourism may well be a threat to its very survival. The formation of the JCT and Cultural Treasures Group reflects the efforts of people who are concerned about the preservation of the Vieux Carre as an intact historic neighborhood. The reaching out to tourism-related organizations reflects an attempt to work with these groups in developing a mechanism for controlling growth of the tourism industry, yet at the same time preserving an historic neighborhood. The problems of the JCT in achieving its goals are simply due to the lack of resources, central control, and perceived inattention by city government.

The difficulty of the JCT to progress towards its objectives has resulted in a spinoff subgroup. This group is smaller, more compact members have similar values, and belong to organizations directly related to the Vieux Carre. Its prognosis is uncertain at this time.
The Slow Conquest of the Argentine Frontier: From the Subversive Gaucho through the Erasure of First Peoples to the Cold War Military Triumph over Antarctica
Authors: Sheinin David M. K.
Published: November 2021

This article assesses the shifting character of the Argentine frontier. Over time, Argentines have altered their understanding of the concept of a frontier. Two constants over the past century and a half, however, have been the popular notion of the conquest of Indigenous peoples as balefully incomplete, and the associated idea of a racially compromised frontier. These have contrasted sharply with settler myths of the destruction of First Peoples as a steppingstone to early nation building. During the mid-twentieth century, the influence of US American cowboy culture helped confirm the erasure of Indigenous Argentines in popular culture. At the same time, there was a southward shift of the imagined frontier in cultural, territorial, and military claims to Malvinas and Antarctica, territories that, unlike northern Argentine provinces, held no Indigenous populations.
Take and Take: The Citizen-Taxpayer and the Rise of Democratic Colonialism in Canada
Authors: Gettler Brian
Published: November 2021

Tillotson’s Give and Take is a major contribution to Canadian history, a highly engaging analysis of culture and politics in the critical yet wildly understudied field of fiscal policy. The book makes the persuasive argument that the taxpayer was never somehow anathema to the citizen but rather that the two figures were mutually constitutive. After presenting a general overview of the Give and Take, this review considers its treatment of First Nations and taxation. While the book fruitfully covers the topic, the review argues that Tillotson might have used her material to profile not the rise of Canadian democracy but that of democratic colonialism in Canada.
The Business of Taxes, the Taxation of Business and the Question of Democracy
Authors: Anastakis Dimitry
Published: November 2021

Shirley Tillotson’s Give and Take: The Citizen-Taxpayer and the Rise of Canadian Democracy provides an opportunity to examine this important work’s approach to taxation and business, even if the book’s focus is not primarily focused upon business taxes, businesspeople, or the role of business in taxation policy over the period that that book addresses. This article looks at how Give and Take explores business and taxation, and at how Tillotson engages with some of the key elements and themes in Canadian business history. While not a business historian, Tillotson provides important insights into how we understand the intersection of business and taxation.
PALEOZOIC QUARTZITE OF THE SMRČEVICE IN THE CENTRAL BOSNIA
Authors: Forčaković Dževad , Dervišević Rejhana
Published: November 2021

The paper presents results of detailed geological research of quartzite in the wider area of Smrčevice, southeastern of Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje. Based on the defined boundaries of surface distribution and research results, geological reserves of about 12 million tons have been determined in the wider area of Smrcevica. The quartzite reserves that have been so far determined in this area are at a low level of geological research.
The paper contains an overview of the geological characteristics of the area, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of quartzite, and the mineral raw material potential of quartzite in the Smrčevice area according to the PERC standard.
The results of the conducted research indicate that the general geological and technical-exploitation factors are relatively favorable and indicate a possible profitable exploitation of the deposit. Taking into account the significant raw material potential, and the possibility of expanding the existing raw material base, this area has special importance for the perspective development of quartzite exploitation and its use in the production of ferrosilicon and silico-metals.
ŽIVOTNA SREDINA I PRIRODNI RESURSI – PRIORITETI ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA SRBIJE
Authors: Ilić Biljana , Mihajlović Dragan , Stevanović Marija
Published: November 2021

Obzirom da je čovečanstvo u poslednjih par decenija, znatno oštetilo prirodnu sredinu i eko sistem u kome je „poslovalo“, postavlja se pitanje mogućnosti daljeg opstanka i razvoja čitave planete Zemlje. Kako je civilizacija za svoj ekonomski napredak i privredni razvoj, nemilice trošila neobnovljive izvore energije, došlo se do poražavajuće činjenice da je ovih izvora sve manje, te da postoji velika opasnost za njihovo potpuno iscrpljenje. Pokušavajući da nađe izlaz iz situacije u kojoj se našao, čovek je svoju pažnju počeo da usmerava na drugačiji vid poslovanja i ophođenja prema prirodnim resursima. Prirodni resursi mogu biti podeljeni na više kategorija prema svom vremenu trajanja, poreklu i sl., ali je najznačajnija njihova podela prema vremenskom ograničenju. U radu će se ukazati na značaj očuvanja prirodnih resursa i za njihovim održivim upravljanjem, posebno u zemlji tranzicije kao što je to Srbija. Prirodni resursi I održivi razvoj nalaze se u neraskidivoj vezi, pogotovo što održivi razvoj akcenat, pored ekologije stavlja I na društvo, ali I na ekonomsku komponentu društva.
Notes from the editor
Authors: Nimehchisalem Vahid
Published: November 2021

You are reading our final issue for the year thanks to the authors, reviewers, and editorial board members, who made this possible.
Learning and Studying Approaches as a Predictor of Reflective Thinking Skills towards Problem-solving of Secondary School Students
Authors: Saraçoğlu Mehtap , Kahyaoğlu Mustafa
Published: November 2021

In today’s rapidly developing technology, individuals are expected to know the ways of accessing information and to have advanced thinking skills. One of these skills is reflective thinking skills. In this study, the relationship between secondary school students’ reflective thinking skills towards problem-solving and learning and study approaches was examined. A correlational survey model was used in the research. The sample of the study consists of 633 secondary school students studying in a province located in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Within the scope of the research, a questionnaire form was applied to the students to collect the reflective thinking skills for problem solving, the learning and study approach scale, and their personal information. According to the data obtained from the research, it was found that there was a positive and moderate level relationship between students’ reflective thinking skills towards problem-solving and their deep and strategic learning and study approaches, whereas a negative and low-level significant relationship was found between surface learning and study approach. In addition, it was concluded that learning and study approaches are a significant predictor of students’ reflective thinking skills towards problem-solving and that the dimensions of learning and study approaches explain 20% of reflective thinking skills towards problem-solving.
Researching Identity in Language Teachers – Current Challenges and Implications
Authors: Bacquet Jennifer Ngan
Published: November 2021

Language teacher identity has been at the forefront of pedagogical research in recent years; this has become particularly important due to the demographic changes seen throughout the world since 2015; since then, there have been significant changes in the cultural landscape of schools in general and language teaching in particular, which presents unique challenges for teachers in their process of identity construction. This study aims to explore the transformative nature of language teacher identity in two settings: teaching in online classrooms in one’s home country, and teaching in online classroom abroad. The research will explore how cultural identity shapes an educators’ relationship with students, how one’s own cultural identity influences methodological and pedagogical choices, how these can improve literacy in the young adult classroom, as well touching upon the relevance of cultural identity is in a developing teacher. The findings revealed a general consensus on the need to gear pedagogigcal practices towards a student-centered approach; they further showed a general split in how teachers view the role that cultural identity plays in the classroom: while some felt that local cultures hindered their approach to teaching, others felt it helped build rapport and understanding between teachers and learners.
Fourth Grade Primary School Students’ Critical Writing Skill Levels
Authors: Bitir Tufan , Duran Erol
Published: November 2021

In this study, it was aimed to determine the critical writing skill levels of fourth grade Primary School students. This study is a quantitative research and was designed in a scanning pattern. The study group of the research consists of 175 students attending in the fourth grade of three different Primary Schools, which were determined by the purposive sampling method, by taking into account their gender and socioeconomic status. The research data were obtained as a result of the evaluation of the critical writings written by the students in the study group with using the critical writing rubric. The obtained data were presented as descriptive statistics (frequency, min. and max. values, arithmetic mean, standard deviation) with the help of statistical program, and analyzed with independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). As a result of the research, it was determined that the students’ scores on critical writing skills were generally at a low level. In general, students are insufficient in the dimensions of planning, presenting evidence and persuading, questioning, and multidimensional thinking of critical writing; fluency and clarity and shape/form dimensions were found to be sufficient. In addition, it was determined that student achievements differed significantly according to socioeconomic level (in favor of high socioeconomic level) and gender (in favor of female students).
Opinions of Teacher Candidates on Inclusive Education: A Parallel Mixed Method Study
Authors: Leblebici Hatice , Türkan Azmi
Published: November 2021

In this study, teacher candidates’ attitudes, self-efficacy perceptions towards inclusive education, and their situation towards in-class practices were determined. A total of a hundred thirty three pre-service teachers participated in the research voluntarily. The study was designed according to the parallel mixed methods research in which both quantitative and qualitative data (QUAN + QUAL) were used together. As data collection tools, “Attitude Scale towards Inclusive Education”, “Self-Efficacy Scale for Inclusive Education” and “In-class Practice Scale for Inclusive Education” were used. In addition, during the collection of qualitative data, teacher candidates were asked to complete the statement, “In my opinion, inclusive education is like…. because….” To determine their metaphorical perceptions. When the results of the study were examined, teacher candidates, it was determined that the perceptions of self-efficacy towards inclusive education and the concern for personal equipment differ in terms of various variables. In addition, the participants chose the positive metaphors that they produced for inclusive education. Among these metaphors, respect for differences, acceptance of diversity is expressed as coexistence due to the structure of inclusive education that unites society.