bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bootstrapping: The Emergent Technological Practices of Post-secondary Students with Mathematics Learning Disabilities
Authors: Armstrong Alayne , Gutica Mirela
Published: October 2020

Drawn from an investigation of the emergent technological practices of post-secondary students with mathematics learning disabilities, this case study employs an enactivist framework in considering the bootstrapping processes our participants report engaging in when using personal electronic devices for academic support. Video-recorded, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine post-secondary participants with mathematics learning disabilities in two western Canadian urban centres. Findings suggest that participants used technology to control and improve sensory input in order to better access mathematics course content and monitor the accuracy of their work, engage with alternate presentations of mathematical concepts to enhance their level of understanding, reduce workload, and improve organization. We discuss how their strategies in using technology relate to Bereiter’s categorization of bootstrapping resources (1985), including imitation, chance by selection, learning support systems, and piggybacking. Grounded in a “learner’s perspective,” this case study identifies technological adaptations and strategies that may be helpful to others with mathematics learning disabilities.
Cases Inquiry as Critical Praxis: Supporting Intersectionality Within Inclusive Leadership Practices
Authors: Morvan Jhonel , Smith Déirdre
Published: October 2020

This article illuminates the significance of exploring intersectionalities within inclusive leadership practices through case inquiry as a critical praxis. Five educational institutions engaged in a partnership focused on exploring the lived practices and professional knowledge of school leaders as they worked towards supporting a vision of inclusive education within their individual school communities. These lived experiences were represented in written cases that have been captured in a provincial resource, Exploring Inclusive Leadership Practices through Case Inquiry (Sider, Maich, Morvan, Specht, & Smith, 2018). Mobilizing the knowledge and practices within this resource and supporting exploration of this knowledge and associated practices through a lens of critical praxis has been one of the key knowledge mobilization components of the June 1, 2019 conference, Exploring Intersectionalities for Leadership and School Inclusion, held at the University of British Columbia. This knowledge mobilization event, along with other initiatives, such as the case resource, helped to foster critical dialogue and interrogation related to leadership practices that can support or hinder a vision and enactment of inclusive education within school communities.
Incertidumbre y teoría monetaria en el pensamiento de Keynes y de sus seguidores
Authors: Tortorella Esposito Guido
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo pretendemos investigar sobre la herencia keynesiana referente a los temas del dinero, del tiempo y de la incertidumbre. Partiendo desde la teoría de Keynes contenida en sus dos obras más representativas, el Tratado del dinero y la Teoría general, el primer paso que se quiere cumplir es aislar los elementos ontológicos y metodológicos del pensamiento del economista de Cambridge, con el objetivo de identificar el sustrato teórico necesario para estudiar como estos mismos contenidos ontológicos y metodológicos han sido desarrollados por parte de los estudiosos de formación post-keynesiana.
Para interpretar la insurrección chilena de octubre
Authors: Barria-Asenjo Nicol A. , Pavón-Cuellar David , Cabrera José , Aguilera Hunt Rodrigo , Letelier Antonio , Uribe Muñoz Jamadier
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo constituye una lectura interpretativa de las movilizaciones sociales sucedidas en Chile, a partir del 18 de octubre de 2019. Para ello se recurre a los conceptos de “acto” y “acontecimiento” desarrollados por Žižek, a partir de rupturas y continuidades con los planteamientos Lacan y Badiou, que servirán para pensar la trascendencia histórica de las protestas chilenas. Para ahondar en esta lectura se propone un análisis a partir de las categorías de ruptura, pérdida, falta, historicidad, repolitización, retroactividad y repetición, concluyendo que los sucesos del 18 de octubre y los meses subsecuentes, marcan un punto que quiebre con la hegemonía neoliberal, al introducir una negatividad capaz de trastocar el orden simbólico imperante, animada por una ética del deseo.
Mathematical modeling of the oil extrusion process with pre-grinding of raw materials in a twin-screw extruder
Authors: Mushtruk Mikhailo , Gudzenko Maxim , Palamarchuk Igor , Vasyliv Volodymyr , Slobodyanyuk Natalia , Kuts Anatolii , Nychyk Oksana , Salavor Oksana , Bober Anatolii
Published: October 2020

The extrusion process of oil-containing raw materials using a twin-screw extruder is becoming increasingly common in food technology. The problem of high energy costs for the implementation of this process is solved by reducing the resistance of the process mass due to the preliminary grinding of raw materials. The classical theory of extrusion is based mainly on the use of theoretical solutions of mathematical models of processes, which are simplified and allow determining integral parameters using coefficients, the preparation of which for the calculation of the corresponding processes and equipment is a rather complicated and approximate procedure. Mathematical modelling of the movement of the technological medium at the individual stages of the processing of raw materials allows us to determine the analytical dependences for the power and energy parameters of the system and to carry out their effective technical and economic evaluation. Using the methods of mathematical analysis and data processing in the MathCAD software environment, graphical dependences of the power and energy parameters of the research technical system were obtained. By increasing the density of the oil-containing raw materials, which is extruded in the research extruder by 40.5% the pressure force increases by 41%, that is, there is an almost proportional relationship between the pressure force and the density of the processed raw material. With an increase in the angular velocity of the drive shaft ω more than 8 rad.s-1, the pressure force in the research process increases sharply. With an increase in the density of raw materials, it is grinded before extrusion by 40%, the power consumption for the grinding process increases by 2.8 times for the recommended operating mode. Energy losses for pressing completely grinded raw materials are reduced by 2.52 times.
Estetópolis
Authors: Girado Sierra Jesús David
Published: October 2020

Este libro ofrece una comprensión filosófica de la ciudad que en tanto metáfora de
la complejidad no ha de ser descartada de los intereses filosóficos contemporáneos, sino
que, por el contrario, merece ser abordada desde diversas ópticas. Se propone como clave
de lectura el concepto de estetópolis, a partir del cual se tratan de entender las
sociodinámicas de estigmatización y exclusión como resultado de una fantasía de pureza,
la cual genera emociones como el miedo y la repugnancia hacia quienes son vistos como
anormales, sobrantes o extraños, pues no entran en el ideal de orden de los urbanitas
privilegiados y, por tanto, deben cargar con el estigma y la humillación.
Silicon Rand
Authors: Camplin Troy
Published: October 2020

Atlas Rising is an anonymous pamphlet put out by The Atlas Rising Institute, which identifies itself as “a new educational organization dedicated to the study of creative human intelligence” (copyright page). The purpose of this pamphlet is to show the degree of influence Ayn Rand has had on the techno-entrepreneurs of Silicon Valley and to serve as an apologetics for her worldview. It serves its purpose well.
The Perfectionist Turn
Authors: Gordon David
Published: October 2020

In The Perfectionist Turn, Den Uyl and Rasmussen argue for an ethics of responsibility and oppose the prevailing ethics of respect. Political philosophy must be “tethered” ontologically, and arguments such as Moore’s open question argument that would, if correct, show that tethering is not possible do not succeed.
Exploración del Conocimiento Sobre la Relación de Parentesco como Contenido Educativo Para un Currículum Escolar Intercultural en Comunidades Mapunche
Authors: Quintriqueo M. Segundo , Maheux Gisèle
Published: October 2020

Desde que las escuelas existen en comunidades mapunche, los contenidos educativos del patrimonio cultural no han sido formalizados en el currículum escolar. Un aspecto considerado importante de este patrimonio concierne a la relación de parentesco, ligado a la formación de persona en la perspectiva de la socialización mapunche y a los contenidos del Estudio del Medio Natural, Social y Cultural del currículum escolar formal. A través de una investigación cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico, el artículo explora la ausencia de estos contenidos en el currículum escolar y presenta la pregunta sobre el ángulo del proceso de escolarización histórico en contexto de escuelas situadas en comunidades mapunche. El propósito es la construcción de un marco conceptual en relación al conocimiento sobre la relación de parentesco y su proceso de socialización en el contexto de la familia y la comunidad. Los datos han sido sometidos a un análisis de contenido temático, para entregar una descripción del estado actual del conocimiento sobre la relación de parentesco, para su documentación como contenido de Formación Inicial Docente en Educación Intercultural y su incorporación formal al currículum de escuelas situadas en contextos indígenas, particularmente en comunidades mapunche. La discusión de los resultadosnos evidencian que la familia y la comunidad continúan un proceso de socialización que permite transmitir ciertas categorías de contenidos educativos mapunche deseables de ser integrados para la formación de persona en el medio escolar.
Construcción de Identidad en Jóvenes Infractores de Ley, una Mirada desde la Psicología Cultural
Authors: Zambrano Constanzo Alba , Pérez-Luco Arenas Ricardo
Published: October 2020

Este artículo aborda el proceso de construcción de identidad delictiva a través de unanálisis teórico psicocultural que se nutre de distintas fuentes de la psicología contemporánea y otras disciplinas, derivando en el planteamiento de este proceso como determinante del surgimiento y consolidación de las conductas delictivas. Se argumenta que la infracción de ley configurada en un patrón de conducta recurrente, en el caso de un número importante de jóvenes, es la resultante de un proceso que tiene fuertes vinculaciones con un medio social desventajoso, que genera inseguridad, estrés, desesperanza y dificultades para resolver necesidades básicas materiales y psicológicas. Estos aspectos, entre otros, propician la construcción de una realidad social que ubica a determinados jóvenes al margen de los estándares socialmente aceptados. Finalmente, a la luz del análisis teórico, se proponen algunas estrategias generales para abordar esta dimensión de nuestra realidad.
Evidence-Based Practices of English Language Teaching: A Meta-Analysis of Meta-Analyses
Authors: Alsowat Hamad H.
Published: October 2020

This meta-analysis aims at investigating the impact of English language teaching practices on language outcomes. The literature search yielded 90 meta-analyses that were published between January, 1995 and December, 2019. The current study analyzed 90 meta-analysis and these studies comprised 3496 studies, 7870 effect sizes and nearly 700,000 students. Three moderator variables were examined: year of publication, setting and educational level. The results showed that a) language learning strategies had medium impact on language outcomes in general and generated the largest impact on speaking (d=0.90), b) technology-based language learning had medium impact on language outcomes in general and generated the largest impact on vocabulary (d=0.98), c) explicit instruction had medium impact on language outcomes in general and generated the largest impact on grammar (d=1.26), d) mobile-based language learning had small impact on language outcomes in general and generated the largest impact on listening (d=0.73), and e) setting and educational level significantly moderated the impact of teaching practices on language outcomes. The findings were discussed and implication and future research were proposed.
A Systematic Review of Technological Impact on Math Literacy in the Postsecondary Classrooms
Authors: Rodriguez Manuel
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate contemporary literature related to the impact of technology on student success for postsecondary mathematics courses. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the extant literature concerning’s student success in mathematics for higher-education students. A series of seven databases were accessed across the past five years, which resulted in fourteen key studies. The findings of this study demonstrate the current knowledge and recommendations for future researchers. Technology was elucidated as a meaningful approach for increasing student success, course grades, and retention. However, a critical need for future empirical assessments was elucidated.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 12, No. 2
Authors: John Albert
Published: October 2020

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.

Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 2

Abdul Rouf Dar, University of Florida, USA

Ahmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria

Ahmet Ozan Gezerman, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey

Amal A. M. Elgharbawy, International Institute for Halal Research and Training, Malaysia

Ayodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South Africa

Donatus Bekindaka Eni, University of Buea, Cameroon

Elnaz Rostampour, Islamic Azad University, Iran

Fatima Tuz Johra, Kookmin University, Bangladesh

Hesham G. Ibrahim, Al-Mergheb University, Libya

Hongbin Liu, University of Washington, USA

Kevin C. Cannon, Penn State Abington, USA

Khaldun M. Al Azzam, Batterjee Medical College for Sciences & Technology, Saudi Arabia

Nanda Gunawardhana, Saga University, Japan

Nanthaphong Khamthong, Rangsit University, Thailand

Nejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, Tunisia

Rabia Rehman, University of the Punjab, Pakistan

Rafael Gomes da Silveira, Federal Institute of Education, Brazil

Sintayehu Leshe, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia

Sitaram Acharya, Texas Christian University, USA

Syed A. A. Rizvi, Hampton University, USA

Tony Di Feo, Natural Resources Canada, Canada

Vinícius Silva Pinto, Instituto Federal Goiano, Brazil

Albert John

On behalf of,

The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry

Canadian Center of Science and Education
The Practical Perceptions of Vietnamese Lecturers and Students Towards Written Peer Feedback
Authors: Ho Pham Vu Phi , Thien Nguyen Minh , Ly Ho Huyen , Vy Nguyen Ngoc Hoang
Published: October 2020

Research studies have shown the benefits of employing written peer feedback (WPF) in classrooms around the world. However, implementing it appropriately in the classrooms is not consistent in the context of universities in Vietnam. The current paper explored the extent to which WPF had applied in the academic writing English classrooms at a university in Vietnam and the practical perceptions of the lecturers and students on this issue. 338 out of 996 students and three lecturers were participated to respond to the survey questionnaire and interviews for analysis. The study revealed that though WPF was carried out in most academic writing classrooms, the implementation was not sufficient to take full benefits of this kind of activity. The students were not sufficiently trained to use this activity appropriately. However, the students obtained highly positive perceptions towards the use of WPF in the classrooms because it provided students opportunities to learn from each other and improve their writing outcomes.
2020/29 Legal status of electronic forms of employment
Authors: Świątkowski Andrzej
Published: October 2020

2020/29 Legal status of electronic forms of employment

The UK Employment Tribunals and England and Wales Court of Appeal (case [2018] EWCA Civ 2748) have ruled that any Uber driver who has the Uber App switched on, is in the territory where he/she is authorised to work, and is able and willing to accept assignments, is working for Uber under a worker contract. The UK courts disregarded some of the provisions of Uber’s driver agreement. They had been entitled to do so because the relevant provisions of the driver agreement did not reflect the reality of the bargain made between the parties. The fact that Uber interviews and recruits drivers, controls the key information, requires drivers to accept trips, sets the route, fixes the fare, imposes numerous conditions on drivers, determines remuneration, amends the driver’s terms unilaterally, and handles complaints by passengers, makes it a transportation or passenger carrier, not an information and electronic technology provider. Therefore the UK courts resolved the central issue of for whom (Uber) and under a contract with whom (Uber), drivers perform their services. Uber is a modern business phenomenon. Regardless of its special position in business, Uber is obliged to follow the rules according to which work is neither a commodity nor an online technology.
2020/39 Termination of franchise arrangement and entering into subsequent arrangement constitute a transfer of undertaking (IR)
Authors: O’Leary Orla
Published: October 2020

2020/39 Termination of franchise arrangement and entering into subsequent arrangement constitute a transfer of undertaking (IR)

The Irish Workplace Relations Commission has found that the termination of a franchise arrangement between a post office and a retail partner and a subsequent arrangement with another retail partner constituted a transfer of undertaking.
2020/43 ECJ clarifies ‘worker’ status under EU law in gig economy ruling (UK)
Authors: Leckey Colin
Published: October 2020

2020/43 ECJ clarifies ‘worker’ status under EU law in gig economy ruling (UK)

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has ruled that, while it is for national courts to make decisions about employment status, a courier working for Yodel in the UK appeared to have been correctly classified as self-employed, given the latitude he had over accepting jobs, working for competitors, providing substitutes and deciding his work schedule. The crucial factors were independence and subordination.
El carnaval del perdón de Sibundoy, Colombia: armonización, conectividad y comunicación para la paz
Authors: Gómez Montañez Pablo Felipe
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo me propongo analizar el Bëtscnaté, Carnaval del Perdón de los kamëntsá en Colombia, como un gran “acto de habla”, y trama de sentidos que trasciende el simbolismo ritual para convertirse en una práctica social de resolución de conflictos cotidianos de este grupo étnico. Elaboro una “teoría de la armonización” como modelo de una paz indígena. A partir de la antropología del performance, y mediante observación participante, el texto es una etnografía que analiza algunos elementos significativos del carnaval que permiten comprender la manera indígena de buscar una paz que comienza en el mundo interno y se extiende en una conectividad hacia los “otros”. Esta conectividad armonizante se produce mediante un tejido de ritualidad y poética dentro del Bëtscnaté, convirtiéndolo en un escenario complejo de comunicación para la paz.
Results of the Toxoplasmosis Screening in 9311 Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Center in Turkey
Authors: Koçak Özgür , Kan Özgür
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an important parasite that can cause permanent sequelae to the fetus when infected during pregnancy in humans. Although the frequency of this parasite varies widely between countries, it is known that it is common in our country. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasma in pregnant women admitted to a tertiary hospital in central Anatolia and to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes together with seroprevalence. Materials and Methods: A total of 9311 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital between January 2016 and December 2018 were included into the study. After serological examination, avidity test was performed in cases suggestive of acute infection. Amniocentesis was recommended to be performed by Polimeraze Chain Reaction (PCR) in patients with low avidity. Results: The frequency of Toxoplasma immunoglobulin (Ig) G and M seropositivity rates were 20.3% and 0.28%, respectively. Low avidity was found in approximately 27% of the patients with IgM positivity, and only 15.4% had low avidity by confirmatory test. One patient could not be reached during follow-up. PCR was performed in 4 patients whose low avidity value was confirmed by re-tests and all of their PCR results were reported negative. No cases of congenital toxoplasmosis were detected during the 3 years in our clinic. Conclusion: The inclusion of toxoplasma in routine screening programme is still controversial and differs between countries. Screening in areas with a high rate of toxoplasma, such as in our country, may be rational. If infection is detected, treatment may be recommended because it may reduce the transmission to the fetus.
Hepatitis C Genotypes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Three-Year Evaluation
Authors: Gülseren Yasemin Derya , Esenkaya Taşbent Fatma , Özdemir Mehmet , Feyzioğlu Bahadır
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In case of chronic hepatitis C infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma may progress. HCV genotypes and subtypes have been found to vary according to geographical regions. In addition to its epidemiological importance, HCV genotype is an important factor in determining the response and duration of treatment. In this study, it was aimed to determine the genotype distribution in our region. Materials and Methods: The results of 241 patients with HCV RNA positivity detected in our laboratory Molecular unit between 2016 and 2018 were retrospectively screened. HCV-RNA extraction for genotyping was performed by automated system (EZ1 Virus Mini Kit v.2.0, Germany), and ‘’line probe assay’’ (LIPA) based on reverse hybridization method was applied. HCV-RNA levels were determined by real-time PCR method (Artus HCV QS-RGQ kit, Qiagen, Germany). Results: Two hundred and forty-one patients were included in the study, and 116 (48%) were females and 125 (52%) were males. Mean age was 56.1 ± 19.4 (range: 16-90) years. Mean logarithmic viral load value was 5.7 ± 0.9 IU/ml (range; 2.71 x 102-17 x 106), mean value of AST was 50.5 ± 43.7 IU/ml and mean ALT value was 63.4 ± 63.5 IU/ml. Genotype 1b was detected in 58.9% of the patients, genotype 3a in 14.1%, genotype 1a in 13.27%, genotype 2b in 4.1%, genotype 4a in 1.2%. The subtypes could not be determined for 4.9%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 0.4% of infected patient in genotype 1,2,4 and 5 respectively. Conclusion: In our study, genotype 1b (58.9%) was found as the dominant genotype. This was followed by genotype 3a (14.1%). In patients infected with genotype 1, viral load value was found to be significantly higher than other genotypes. Monitoring genotype change is important for determining treatment protocols and duration.
Factors Related to Mortality in Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in Intensive Care Units: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Nazlı Zeka Arzu , Arda Bilgin , Sipahi Oğuz Reşat , Uyar Mehmet
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Management of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units is challenging because of few treatment options and poor outcomes. In order to contribute to patients’ survival, the factors related to mortality in these infections were evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: In the 6-month study period, we included 60 patients with carbapenem resistant A. baumannii infections (45 ventilator associated pneumonia and 15 bacteremia) in two intensive care units of our hospital. We collected data of the patients prospectively. We noted demographic features of patients, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) , Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS), Acute Kidney Injury (AKIN) scores, antibiotic treatments, clinical and microbiological outputs, and mortality rates during treatment and on the 30th day. Results: We observed that infections appeared at mean 11th day of the patients’ stay in the intensive care unit. Carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates were highly resistant to antibiotics except colistin. Only 9% of the patients had proper empirical treatment. Twenty five percent of the patients were dead before having a specific antibiotic treatment. Crude mortality rate was 66.7%, and 30th day mortality was 71.7%. The patients who had colistin and tigecycline combination had higher survival rates, but it was statistically insignificant. In univariate analysis high SOFA score (p= 0.0001), high procalcitonin level (p= 0.01), septic shock (p= 0.005), renal insufficiency (p= 0.005), rheumatological disease (p= 0.03) were related to higher mortality. We detected high SOFA score on the first day of infection as the only mortality related factor in multivariate analysis (p= 0.012). The patients who had higher mortality were those with delayed (> 3 days) proper antimicrobial treatment (p= 0.03). Conclusion: In our study, the high SOFA score on the first day of infection in intensive care units was found as a risk factor for mortality. We suggest that prompt administration of the proper antibiotic treatment to the patients who have risk factors for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection can contribute to survival.
Guides de pratique de l’équipe pancanadienne de triage des symptômes et aide à distance en oncologie (COSTaRS)—Changements apportés à la version 2020
Authors: Stacey Dawn , Carley Meg , Newton Jennifer
Published: October 2020

Les guides de pratique de l’équipe pancanadienne de triage des symptômes et aide à distance en oncologie (COSTaRS) présentent les données probantes sur la gestion des symptômes dans des formats conviviaux et un langage clair. L’objectif de ce travail est de résumer les changements apportés aux guides de pratique en fonction des nouvelles données concernant notamment la gestion spécifique des inhibiteurs de points de contrôle immunitaire (IPCI). Une revue systématique de la littérature a été réalisée afin de faire ressortir les lignes directrices de pratique clinique et les revues systématiques concernant les IPCI. La version de 2020 présente de nouvelles données provenant de 86 sources (étendue : 2-16; moyenne : 9 par guide). Parmi ces sources, 14 se rapportent spécifiquement aux IPCI, tandis que 21 sources obsolètes ont été écartées. Les 15 guides de pratiques COSTaRS ont été mis à jour et 2 nouveaux guides sur la sécheresse buccale et les éruptions cutanées ont été créés. L’échelle « Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events » du National Cancer Institute (NCI-CTCAE) a été ajoutée aux résultats de l’évaluation. Le critère « Vérification des stratégies d’autosoins » a été changé pour « Examen d’au moins trois stratégies de soins autoadministrés ». Des changements ont été apportés sur la base de nouvelles données, tout en veillant à la cohérence des guides de pratiques. La mise à jour de 2020 a été validée par des infirmières canadiennes en oncologie.
Medical Commentary on Pheby, J. (2020). there is nothing wrong with you. EJPCH 8 (3) 410-412
Authors: Pheby Derek Francis Henry
Published: October 2020

No abstract
Das Ethische und das Politische
Authors: Schnell Martin W.
Published: October 2020

Vulnerabilität ist eine Universalie, die den lebendigen Bestand des Seins (Mensch, Tiere, Natur) charakterisiert. Das Politische ist eine Macht zur Gestaltung dieses Bestandes in Gesellschaften und Institutionen. Das Ethische ist der Anspruch, die gestalteten und zu gestaltenden Ordnungen (Freundschaft, Familie, Gesellschaft, Staaten) als nichtexklusiv zu realisieren, so dass niemand aus dem Schutzbereich von Achtung und Würde ausgeschlossen (exkludiert) wird.

Der vorliegende Band enthält Studien zu Ansätzen der Sozialphilosophie, die dem Konzept der Vulnerabilität‚ und den Möglichkeiten einer Demokratie etwas hinzufügen – und erzählt dabei auch eine Geschichte im Sinne einer philosophiegeschichtlichen Untermauerung der Thematik der Vulnerabilität und ihres Umfeldes. Zu diesem Zweck werden Klassiker, unter anderem Kant, gegen den Strich gelesen und als Parteigänger der Vulnerabilität vorgestellt.

Eine Zusammenfassung der systematischen Beziehung zwischen dem Ethischen und Politischen skizziert die politische Sozialphilosophie am Leitfaden der Vulnerabilität, und um die Diskussion aktueller Themen wie Zukunft der Moderne, Europa, Demokratie, Wahrheit, Populismus, Ökologie oder Digitalisierung und Medizin erweitert.
Die multiple Differenzierung des Rechts
Authors: Nell Linda
Published: October 2020

Was ist die Einheit des Rechts, wenn im weltgesellschaftlichen Zusammenhang unterschiedlichste Formen des Rechts koexistieren und konkurrieren? Eine soziologisch orientierte Rechtstheorie auf Höhe der Zeit muss sich die Aufgabe stellen, einen neuen Begriff der Einheit des Rechts in der Vielfalt seiner Gestalten und Geltungsformen zu finden.

Die vorliegende Studie führt – unter empirischem Bezug auf den für diese Frage exemplarischen neueren, globalen Rechtspluralismus – eine grundlagentheoretische Revision etablierter rechtssoziologischer Paradigmen durch, namentlich der konkurrierenden funktionalistischen und normativistischen Theorien.

Die Autorin setzt in dieser Arbeit ihre empirisch tiefenscharfe Überarbeitung der theoretischen Rechtssoziologie tiefer an, als die eklektizistische Montage von System- und Handlungstheorie erlaubt. Dazu muss unter anderem die konstruktivistische Fixierung auf die moralische Indifferenz des positiven Rechts überwunden werden, ohne in die normative Beobachtung erster Ordnung zurückzufallen. Eine Theorie multipler Differenzierung, die rechtliche Bezugnahmen auf außerrechtliche Zusammenhänge als spezifische Übersetzungsformen verständlich macht, liefert dafür die Grundlage. Auf diese Weise gewinnt die Arbeit den begrifflichen Spielraum für eine theoretische Neubestimmung der Lage des modernen Rechts innerhalb der Übersetzungsverhältnisse zwischen vielfältigen, typenverschiedenen und auf heterogene Geltungsansprüche gestützten Formen rechtlicher Handlungskoordination.
Hybride Bedrohungen
Authors: Bachmann Lukas
Published: October 2020

Hybride Bedrohungen zeichnen sich durch geringe Vorwarnzeit, multiple aggressive Vorgehensweisen - meist verdeckt und unterhalb der Schwelle des bewaffneten Konflikts - und einen Fokus auf staatliche Schwachstellen und Krisensymptome aus. Die Konflikte entstehen meist aus einer »asymmetrischen Situation/Kriegsführung« in Verbindung mit dem Einsatz digitaler Kommunikationstechnologien. Insbesondere der schnelle Austausch von Daten, aber auch der rasche Wechsel handelnder Personen und die Unabhängigkeit von territorialer Bindung sind hier von Bedeutung.

Die wesentliche Ziel der Abwehrleistung liegt in der Aufrechterhaltung der eigenen Souveränität: Wie stellt sich aber das Problem der Souveränität dar, sobald die staatliche Einheit gerade unterlaufen werden soll, insbesondere weil Zuständigkeiten nicht mehr klar zugeordnet werden können?

Anhand der spezifischen Natur der Konflikte in der Ukraine und im Nahen Osten macht der Autor in dem vorliegenden Buch deutlich, wie aktuell die Bedrohung durch den Einsatz hybrider Mittel, sei dies offen oder verdeckt, durch Staaten, Organisationen oder durch Einzelpersonen derzeit ist. Am Beispiel der Österreichischen Bundesverfassung zeigt er auf, wie Resilienz ausgeprägt sein muss, um hybriden Bedrohungen zu begegnen.
Narrative des Scheiterns
Authors: Müller Nicole
Published: October 2020

Im Scheitern stößt der Mensch an die Grenzen seiner eigenen Steuerungsfähigkeit. Mit einem Mal kann er seiner Umwelt – zuweilen auch seiner eigenen Innenwelt – nicht mehr Herr werden. Damit ist ein grundlegendes Problem des Handelnden angesprochen.

Aus narratologischer Perspektive kann Scheitern als Bruch innerhalb einer Kontinuität von Sinnhaftigkeit konzipiert werden, die jedoch für die Identität des individuellen Akteurs unentbehrlich ist. Dieser Bruch ist somit das Ende von Anschlussfähigkeit innerhalb jeweils spezifischer lebensweltlicher Sinnbereiche: Eine Störung unterbricht die Verflechtungsordnung des Selbst und verunmöglicht es, die bisherige Struktur der narrativen Identität fortzuführen. Der Akteur ist gezwungen, neue strukturelle Formen von Identität auszuformen und diese auf Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft umzulegen.

Nach dem Scheitern müssen zudem neue Formen von Handlungsmacht etabliert und die Erfahrung von entzogener Steuerungsmacht in den Kurs des eigenen Lebens integriert werden. Untersucht werden in diesem Buch daher erzählerische Praktiken deutsch- und englischsprachiger internationaler Sprecher/innen, die dazu dienen, nach dem Bruch der narrativen Identität aus dem Scheitern heraus eine neue Sinnstruktur aufzuspinnen und Handlungsfähigkeit zurückzugewinnen.

Den analytischen Fluchtpunkt dieser Exploration von biographischen Narrativen des Scheiterns bildet somit die Frage, wie das Selbst sich angesichts des Scheiterns erzählt, welche neuen Praktiken der Selbstbezüglichkeit sich ausformen und welches Verhältnis sich zwischen Scheitern und narrativer Identität aufspannt. Auf diese Weise liefert die Studie eine neue Perspektive darauf, was Scheitern ist und wie es konzipiert und verstanden werden kann.
Markteintritt in Russland
Authors: Popov Yuri
Published: October 2020

This book offers detailed explanations and useful advice to many questions related to entering the Russian market, as the Russian Federation is a worthwhile country for profitable investments. The relevant areas include economic and political conditions, market entry options, taxes, personnel matters, customs, and certification. The high degree of topicality is based on the latest Russian legislation and international political and economic developments. In this way, investors are given both the breadth of the subject matter at hand and the depth by structuring the legal situation and providing clear summaries.
The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in the Pathogenesis and Complications of Malignant Diseases
Authors: Yuzeir Sheniz , Gercheva Liana
Published: October 2020

It was recently proved that neutrophils and platelets are active participants in some inflammatory processes as well as a number of pathological conditions, including neoplastic diseases and thrombosis. It has been found that circulating neutrophils actively affect the mechanisms of tumour genesis, and along with platelets, act as independent regulators of different complications in infectious and malignant diseases. A few years ago, it was found that neutrophils have the ability to release extracellular traps (called neutrophil extracellular traps or NETs). Thus, neutrophils use both intracellular and extracellular mechanisms to limit inflammatory complications. Several recent studies confirmed that NETs increase considerably in malignant diseases, demonstrating that tumour-induced NETosis is a clinically significant process. It is recognised as an element of tumour biology, as it participates in tumour progression and angiogenesis. Neutrophils and the NETs released from them are stimulators of thrombotic processes in physiological and pathological conditions. Several reports demonstrate the connection between NETs and thrombosis. The presence of NETosis serves as a potential risk factor for thrombotic complications in malignant diseases. This chapter summarises the current knowledge of NETosis and the mechanisms that lead to the formation of NETs, including the role of circulating platelet–neutrophil complexes as regulators of tumour-induced NETosis in malignant diseases.
Can PDT Alter the Glycosylation of the Tumor Cell Membrane?
Authors: Henrique Godoi Bruno , Ferreira Strixino Juliana , Soares da Silva Newton , Pacheco Soares Cristina
Published: October 2020

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment that used the interaction of a photosensitizing drug and a light source. PDT can lead to changes in the expression of various cellular elements, compromising cell adhesion, and cytoskeleton integrity in cells undergoing treatment. However, the pathways of cellular alterations caused by this treatment are little known. Alterations in expression in surface glycoproteins and glycolipids are significant features in malignant tumor transformation and are strongly associated with tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. This study evaluated photodynamic therapy effects on indirect distribution surface glycoproteins in human laryngeal carcinoma HEp-2 cell line surface, using Click-iT™ Metabolic Glycoprotein Labeling Reagent. Aluminum Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) was administrated at 5 μM/mL, followed by one hour of the incubation period for its accumulation in the tumor cells. After this time, cultures were irradiated with LED (light-emitting diode) dispositive (BioPdi/IRRAD-LED) λ = 660 nm. Evaluation of glycoproteins was performed by flow cytometry. Knowledge of the cellular alterations caused by the treatment will allow obtaining tools for the potentiation or optimization and personalization of the anticancer treatment. This therapy has a low cost and better efficacy, when applied early, about radiotherapy chemotherapy.
A Novel Method Enables General Pathologists to Create Web Dynamic Forms for Synoptic Tumor Reporting
Authors: Qu Zhenhong , Zhao Keran , Jin Jason Guo , Qu Elaine , Lai Zongshan
Published: October 2020

Context.—

Tumor reporting constitutes a significant daily task of pathologists. An efficient tumor-reporting methodology is thus vitally important. The Web dynamic form (WbDF) method offers a multitude of advantages over the prevailing transcription-mediated reporting method based on static-text checklists. However, its adaptation has been severely hampered for 2 decades by its costly needs to maintain a complex back-end system and to change the system for frequent updates of reporting content.

Objective.—

To overcome these 2 obstacles with a serverless Web platform that enables users to create, customize, use, and download WbDFs as synoptic templates for structured tumor reporting.

Design.—

Deploy ReactJS as a Web platform. Create form components in JavaScript Object Notation files. Use JavaScript Object Notation files to make WbDFs on the Web platform. Use the WbDFs to generate final pathology reports.

Results.—

Ordinary users (pathologists) can create/customize reporting templates as WbDFs on the Web platform. The WbDF can be used to make a pathology report and stored/shared like ordinary document files. There is no back-end system to change, nor a requirement for computer programming skills.

Conclusions.—

This strategy eliminates the need for a complex back-end system and the associated cost when updating tumor-reporting standards, making it possible to adopt the WbDF method without the technological drawbacks associated with content updates. It also opens a new field of how the tumor-reporting system should be organized, updated, and implemented.
Simulation studies of combustion in spark ignition engine using OpenFOAM
Authors: Anetor Lucky , Osakue Edward , Harris Kendall
Published: October 2020

The open source Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) software was used to investigate the performance of a fully premixed, modern high-performance 4-valve, ISO-octane, dual overhead cam (DOHC) engine with quasi-symmetric pent roof combustion chamber running at 1500 revolutions per minute. The peak pressure occurred at the TDC and had a value of about 30 bar. The results from this study show that the maximum combustion temperature occurred at approximately 95 degrees crank angle ATDC and has a volume averaged value of about 2700°K , whereas the actual computed peak temperature was found to be about 3000ºK and it occurred at grid point 12630. The other temperatures which were found to be higher than the volume averaged temperature were found to be in the range 2968.81 ° K to 2974.01 ° K and correspond to grid point positions 12630 to 12633.The flame-wrinkling factor, X = St / Su was found to be in the range 1.0 ≤ X ≤ 3.8. The dynamics of the regress variable b was accurately predicted.
Dielectric properties of ceramic composite materials based on alumina reinforced by titanium carbide
Authors: Ouhassan Youssef , Bri Seddik , el Boubakraoui , Habibi Mohamed
Published: October 2020

The aim of this research work is to study the dielectric and microwave properties of the three ceramic composites Al2O3-TiC, Al2O3-0.3TiC and Al2O3-0.7TiC. The results obtained show that the effective permittivity increases with the increase in the filling rate of titanium carbide TiC inclusions and their contrasts. As for the classical mixing laws, they make it possible to estimate permittivity for low volume fractions and low contrasts. The values of the real part of the complex permittivity decrease with frequency increase in the two bands X and Ku, while the imaginary part is approximately constant in the X band and takes negative values in the Ku band.
Instagram as a knowledge mobilization platform for youth resilience research: An exploratory study
Authors: Vakili Negar , Stewart Sherry , Smith Savanah , Mathew Annphin , Wekerle Christine
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Social media (SoMe) is globally prevalent, but its relevance for disseminating sensitive topics, such as violence victimization and mental health among adolescents and emerging adults, remain under-researched. Youth-dominate platforms may be well-suited for resilience messaging on safety, health, and well-being, and exploratory knowledge mobilization research. Research from a common team funding source supported a secondary objective that thematically linked research could be used to impact dissemination. Methods: This experiment utilized an ABA design, with a two-week baseline, followed by SoMe posting on weeks "A" and no posting on weeks "B" from a single Instagram account. During posting weeks, image-based messages from nine open access articles, from a risk and resilience research team, were posted three times per day. Each post contained a link to the associated open-access research article. Outcome dissemination indices, collected weekly, were reads of the referenced articles on a research-based networking site, ResearchGate. Results: Instagram indices formed the basis of our manipulation check. Relative to periods of inactivity, periods of active Instagram engagement led to significant increases in the number of Instagram impressions, website clicks, and followers, and in the number of reads of the posted ResearchGate articles. Implications: As the first study to examine Instagram impact for risk and resilience research, these findings encourage further SoMe work in this area of high public health import.
Development of Inventors’ Activities in Latvia: Inventors’ Societies, Exhibitions, Patents and the Rationalizers’ Movement
Authors: Griņevičs Ivans
Published: October 2020

The article introduces inventors’ activities and inventors’ societies in Latvia in the 18th century, when it was part of tsarist Russia, until 2019. There is only one study on inventors’ activities, which includes the interwar period. There are many engineers among inventors, and this study reflects the participation of students, graduates and lecturers of Riga Polytechnicum (RP), Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and Riga Technical University (RTU) in inventors’ activities. The research provides an insight into the history of protection of inventions, inventors’ activities, international exhibitions of inventions and innovations, activities of inventors’ societies.
Friedrich August Nauck (1855–1913) – Graduate of Riga Polytechnicum, Initiator of Control-Ticket Printing in Riga
Authors: Gudro Ilze , Zigmunde Alīda
Published: October 2020

A graduate of Riga Polytechnicum (RP) (1878), Friedrich August Nauck (1855–1913) was a son of the first director of RP, Ernst Nauck (1819– 1875), an engineer, the initiator of public transport and various entrance control-ticket printing in Riga. The aim of the research is to reflect the activities of F. A. Nauck’s Printing House and the beginnings of control-ticket printing, identifying control-tickets that have survived to the present day in various archives and museum collections. The Printing House established by F. A. Nauck in 1888, in Riga, operated until 1939. The engineer invented various devices for a successful operation of the Printing House. F. A. Nauck was an active member of Riga Technical and Riga Craft Society, he presented reports on various topics and was one of the directors of the Riga Horse Railway Society (1885–1889). In the research, great attention is payed to the family of F. A. Nauck and its descendants to the present day.
Functional exploration of heterotrimeric kinesin-II in IFT and ciliary length control in Chlamydomonas
Authors: Li Shufen , Wan Kirsty Y , Chen Wei , Tao Hui , Liang Xin , Pan Junmin
Published: October 2020

Heterodimeric motor organization of kinesin-II is essential for its function in anterograde IFT in ciliogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In addition, the anterograde IFT velocity varies significantly in different organisms, but how this velocity affects ciliary length is not clear. We show that in Chlamydomonas motors are only stable as heterodimers in vivo, which is likely the key factor for the requirement of a heterodimer for IFT. Second, chimeric CrKinesin-II with human kinesin-II motor domains functioned in vitro and in vivo, leading to a ~ 2.8 fold reduced anterograde IFT velocity and a similar fold reduction in IFT injection rate that supposedly correlates with ciliary assembly activity. However, the ciliary length was only mildly reduced (~15%). Modeling analysis suggests a nonlinear scaling relationship between IFT velocity and ciliary length that can be accounted for by limitation of the motors and/or its ciliary cargoes, e.g. tubulin.
Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants
Authors: Weisblum Yiska , Schmidt Fabian , Zhang Fengwen , DaSilva Justin , Poston Daniel , Lorenzi Julio CC , Muecksch Frauke , Rutkowska Magdalena , Hoffmann Hans-Heinrich , Michailidis Eleftherios , Gaebler Christian , Agudelo Marianna , Cho Alice , Wang Zijun , Gazumyan Anna , Cipolla Melissa , Luchsinger Larry , Hillyer Christopher D , Caskey Marina , Robbiani Davide F , Rice Charles M , Nussenzweig Michel C , Hatziioannou Theodora , Bieniasz Paul D
Published: October 2020

Neutralizing antibodies elicited by prior infection or vaccination are likely to be key for future protection of individuals and populations against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, passively administered antibodies are among the most promising therapeutic and prophylactic anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. However, the degree to which SARS-CoV-2 will adapt to evade neutralizing antibodies is unclear. Using a recombinant chimeric VSV/SARS-CoV-2 reporter virus, we show that functional SARS-CoV-2 S protein variants with mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain that confer resistance to monoclonal antibodies or convalescent plasma can be readily selected. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 S variants that resist commonly elicited neutralizing antibodies are now present at low frequencies in circulating SARS-CoV-2 populations. Finally, the emergence of antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants that might limit the therapeutic usefulness of monoclonal antibodies can be mitigated by the use of antibody combinations that target distinct neutralizing epitopes.