bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características do atendimento de enfermagem de nível médio na pré-consulta de puericultura
Authors: Lara Cilene Coutinho de , Wieczorkievicz Adriana Moro , Maia Erick Douglas Weber da
Published: February 2019

A puericultura se define como uma associação de técnicas aplicadas a criança onde estas visam certificar o crescimento e desenvolvimento físico e mental desde seu período de desenvolvimento gestacional até alcançar a idade limite de 5 anos. Esta pesquisa teve abordagem quantitativa e utilizou-se da observação direta não participante, em uma instituição pública municipal de Mafra/SC. Teve como objetivo identificar as características do atendimento de enfermagem de nível médio na pré-consulta de puericultura. Para obter os dados necessários foram realizadas 60 observações dos atendimentos de enfermagem de nível técnico, no período de 5 a 13 de julho, de 2010. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que os atendimentos ocorrem de forma fragmentada, visto que as orientações focam apenas os retornos nas consultas seguintes e questões referentes as vacinas; não sendo enfatizadas explicações sobre a amamentação e possíveis entraves e dúvidas relacionadas a ela, assim como os tipos de alimentos a serem introduzidos de acordo com a idade e cuidados gerais com a criança. Dentro do serviço observado o enfermeiro desempenha a função burocrática do programa Sisvan, não utilizando a ferramenta da consulta de enfermagem para a mesma, o que poderia enriquecer o atendimento à criança.
Parques urbanos: uma visão ambiental e social na microbacia do rio Serrinha
Authors: Schoen Chaiane , Povaluk Maristela
Published: February 2019

Desde a organização do homem em sociedade e criação das cidades, há cerca de 6.000 anos atrás, problemas relacionados à poluição do ambiente natural e ocorrência de interferência na saúde humana começaram a surgir. A interferência humana nos ambientes naturais tomou grandes proporções particularmente após a Revolução Industrial e particularmente no Brasil após o término da Segunda Guerra Mundial, na segunda metade do século XX. No meio urbano, as evidências do desmatamento, da redução da biodiversidade, da poluição industrial, da poluição dos recursos hídricos, da dificuldade de gestão dos resíduos urbanos, da ocupação desordenada, entre outros fatores, tornam-se mais evidentes, além disso, juntamente com os problemas sociais de cada região levaram a ocorrência de um verdadeiro caos urbano. Vários instrumentos de gestão e resolução destes problemas ambientais foram criados, muitos deles ainda não aplicados, porém, alguns deles com experiências de sucesso. No meio urbano, os instrumentos geralmente incluem a gestão dos recursos hídricos, através dos Planos de Recursos Hídricos, a Educação Ambiental, a gestão territorial e ambiental, através dos Planos Diretores Municipais e Zoneamento Ambiental, a conservação de áreas verdes e implantação de áreas de lazer, através das Unidades de Conservação e Parques Urbanos, a gestão dos resíduos, drenagem, saneamento e abastecimento de água, por meio dos Planos Municipais de Saneamento Básico e, a busca de alternativas que visem ganhos financeiros através conservação e preservação da qualidade ambiental. Os Parques Urbanos, especialmente, tem servido como uma alternativa frequentemente utilizada pelas cidades para resolução de problemas ambientais, sociais e para urbanização de determinada área. Através dos Parques Urbanos a possibilidade de interação do homem com o ambiente natural, da conservação de florestas nativas nas áreas urbanas, da preservação da biodiversidade animal ainda residente na cidade, da conservação das águas, da possibilidade de criação de áreas de lazer, equipamentos educativos, equipamentos para a prática de esporte e interação social pode ser efetivamente implementada. A implantação de um Parque de Interesse Ambiental Urbanístico e Social na Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Serrinha foi pensada devido à extrema necessidade de desenvolvimento de ações práticas para proteção do rio Serrinha e dos resquícios de seu ambiente natural, recuperação da qualidade ambiental local, melhoria da qualidade de vida, proporcionando à população local adequado acesso a um ambiente de lazer, recreação, prática de exercícios físicos e esportes, apreciação e contemplação da paisagem e interação social, e proporcionar uma paisagem urbana diferenciada, qualificando o ambiente local.
Adesão a prática de atividade física em indivíduos de 40 a 60 anos no município da Lapa – PR
Authors: Carvalho Daniele Padilha , Petreça Daniel Rogério
Published: February 2019

O envelhecimento é inevitável, porém há formas de desacelerar esse processo. Uma delas é a manutenção da prática regular de atividade física associada hábitos saudáveis (alimentação equilibrada, comportamentos preventivos) podem auxiliar as pessoas de todas as faixas etárias, principalmente na meia-idade e na velhice, a tornarem-se indivíduos mais ativos diminuindo os riscos de redução de capacidade funcional e aumentando autonomia. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os motivos de adesão à prática de atividade física em um programa do município da Lapa-PR, através da Escala de Medida de Motivos para Atividade Física Revisada (MPAM-R). A amostra foi composta por 75 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, 64 mulheres e 11 homens, com idade entre 40 e 60 anos, praticantes de atividade física igual ou superior a um ano. Os resultados encontrados identificaram que os motivos saúde e lazer ambas com 32%, são os motivos principais da adesão, seguidos pela estética com 15%, social com 14% e competição com 7%. Concluído que quanto mais velhos os indivíduos ficam maior a preocupação com saúde e o lazer, porém muitos ainda esperam uma ordem médica para dar inicio a uma prática de atividade física.
Estimulação sensorial em mulheres mastectomisadas da Rede Feminina de Combate ao Câncer de Concórdia – SC
Authors: Pasquali Kati Luiza
Published: February 2019

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar efeitos da estimulação sensorial na região cicatricial das mulheres mastectomizadas da Rede Feminina de Combate ao Câncer de Concórdia – SC. Conhecendo os limites sensitivos antes e após intervenção fisioterápica. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo realizado foi de caráter quantitativo, contando com a população das mulheres mastectomizadas da Rede Feminina de Combate ao Câncer de Concórdia –SC. A amostra foi composta por 10 mulheres que foram submetidas à mastectomia, que utilizam o serviço de fisioterapia da RFCC, as mulheres se submeteram a avaliação, tratamento e reavaliação sensorial, utilizando diferentes texturas na região cicatricial da mama. Conclusão: Ao final deste estudo, pode-se verificar que dentre as 10 (dez) mulheres que fizeram parte da população estudada, todas apresentam déficit da sensibilidade tátil, térmica e de pressão, na região da cicatriz da mama. Dessa forma pode-se concluir que, o processo cirúrgico interfere na sensibilidade, sendo responsável por algumas alterações funcionais contribuindo para a diminuição da qualidade de vida dessas mulheres. A prevenção é um dos principais aspectos a serem orientados aos pacientes de forma a evitar complicações. Os resultados dessa pesquisa, embora tendo um número reduzido de sessões, demonstraram melhora na sensibilidade de pressão, tato e temperatura na região cicatricial, verificados pelas avaliações, comparando-se pré e pós-tratamento fisioterapêutico. As pacientes referiram verbalmente melhora no sintoma de hipoestesia, após a aplicação com diferentes texturas na região cicatricial da mama.
Prevalência dos acidentes de trabalho e ações desenvolvidas pela enfermagem na atenção básica para sua prevenção e tratamento
Authors: Albrecht Fernanda Thays , Mazon Luciana Maria
Published: February 2019

A Política Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador visa compreender as relações entre o trabalho e o processo saúde/doença, Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as características dos acidentes de trabalho no município de Mafra/SC e as ações desenvolvidas no âmbito da atenção básica para sua prevenção e tratamento. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em duas etapas, sendo a primeira de cunho documental, na qual foram levantados os números de acidentes ocorridos no município de Mafra em 2011 e as características destes. Identificou-se um número de 204 acidentes, sendo prevalentes entre homens, adultos jovens de 18 a 25 anos. A profissão e o ramo industrial, com maior número de acidentes são de empresas madeireiras. A segunda etapa da pesquisa se constituiu em uma investigação de campo em que foram entrevistados enfermeiros das unidades em que se desenvolve a Estratégia Saúde da Família, com vistas a identificar às ações desenvolvidas em âmbito primário, direcionadas a saúde do trabalhador. Foi observado, que não são realizadas atividades de promoção à saúde diretamente voltadas a saúde do trabalhador, as ações são em sua maioria curativas, o que alerta para a articulação e fortalecimento da rede de saúde  para ações de prevenção de riscos relacionados a atividade funcional do trabalhador, bem como a promoção da saúde visando a qualidade de vida e o bem estar.
Percepção e prática educativa ambiental de alunos do ensino fundamental II de uma escola da área rural do município de Itá-SC
Authors: Valmorbida Francieli Dalle Laste , Bortoli Marlene Magnoni
Published: February 2019

A educação ambiental tem como princípio a transformação social, a fim de poder pensar, viver e sustentar um mundo melhor. Deve gerar mudanças na quailidade de vida e mais consciência na conduta pessoal, para que desta forma haja harmonia entre os seres humanos e destes com outras formas de vida existentes. É um tema que deve ser trabalhado de forma interdisicplinar nas escolas, de forma permanentemente, para que através da aprendizagem constituam-se cidadãos conscientizados e preocupados com a sociedade. A presente pesquisa objetivou verificar a percepção e práticas educativas ambientais dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola rural do Município de Itá - SC. Através de um questionário com 25 perguntas mistas, atingiu-se 100% dos alunos, ou seja, 46 alunos. De acordo com a análise dos dados, os estudantes envolvidos na pesquisa apresentam uma boa percepção ambiental além de possuírem em nível geral amplo conhecimento sobre meio ambiente e temas relacionados a ele. No entanto, acredita-se que haja a necessidade de implantar projetos contínuos na escola, a fim de fecilitar a aprendizagem e consequentemente tarzer benefícios a todos os seres que afzem parte do ecossistema.
Avaliação da exposição ao monóxido de carbono em trabalhadores de indústrias de cerâmicas no bairro Jaderlândia em Santarém-Pará
Authors: Maestri Karen Cristini Yumi Ogawa , Costa Elizângela Silva Da , Guimarães Brenda Mayara Diniz , Auzier Carla Daiane , Saatkamp Cassiano Junior , Almeida Arimar Chagas de , Maestri Régis Piloni
Published: February 2019

A indústria ceramista é um dos âmbitos mais agravantes da poluição ambiental, devido ao alto índice de fumaça contendo substâncias químicas, como o monóxido de carbono (CO) que é um dos poluentes mais comuns, resultantes da atividade desse setor. O que leva a expor seus trabalhadores de diferentes ocupações a esse agente tóxico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a concentração de carboxihemoglobina (COHb) em relação à exposição ao CO em trabalhadores de indústria de cerâmicas no bairro Jaderlândia em Santarém – Pará. A amostra foi constituída por 60 trabalhadores. A partir das análises, verificou-se que 17% (10/60), apresentaram níveis de COHb acima do que preconiza a Norma Regulamentadora 7 (NR -7) do Ministério do Trabalho. Cabe ressaltar, que o limite aceitável é de no máximo 3,5%, segundo a referida norma. A mensuração dos níveis de COHb nos trabalhadores mostrou que a maioria apresentou níveis dentro dos limites aceitáveis, de acordo com o que preconiza a NR-7. Desta forma, é importante manter um sistema periódico de monitoramento, fazendo-se necessárias a elaboração e a implementação de um programa de acompanhamento e controle sistemático dos poluentes do ar e seus efeitos sobre a saúde humana.
Ilha do Combu: realidades e desafios
Authors: Costa Eliseu de Sousa , De Castro Nádile Juliane Costa , Silva Breno Lins de Alencar e , Silva Sônia Sueli Serrão da
Published: February 2019

O estudo apresenta e discute a realidade sociodemográfica da Ilha do Combu, além de realçar os possíveis impactos que da mesma na qualidade de vida dos ribeirinhos. Para isso, considerou-se o fato de muitas comunidades ribeirinhas serem marcadas por um certo grau de isolamento e exclusão, somado ao fato de serem incluídos em politicas publicas governamentais sem que as especificidadesde seu modo de vida sejam emeditadas.Objetivou-se descrever o perfil sócioeconomico local, caracterizado pela habitação, economia e educação na ilha do Combu, bem como contrastar com a realidade de outras comunidades ribeirinhas da Amazônia, inclusive da região tissular do municipio de Belém do Pará. Para tanto foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa com estudo descritivo observacional não participante. Observou-se que mesmo próximo da área urbana, a Ilha do Combu ainda mantém aspectos e caracteristicas de comunidades tradicionais, portanto ainda que por forte influencia da urbanização, as caracteristicas socioeconomicas que envolvam moradia e educação, aina exibem caracteristicas peculiares a serem desenvolvidas.
Ozônio no controle microbiano em patógenos capilares
Authors: Polesso Camila Borges , Balbinot Alice VeronaVerona , Tonial Liane Benvegnu , Wollheim Claudia , Zoppas Barbara Catarina de Antoni , Bortoluzzi Luciana
Published: February 2019

A biossegurança é extremamente importante em serviços de saúde e beleza. A Vigilância Sanitária propõe que salões de beleza utilizem um procedimento operacional padrão (POP) para higienização de escovas de cabelo, porém a falta dessa aplicação pode acarretar infecções cruzadas. Nesses estabelecimentos existem materiais termossensíveis, que não podem ser submetidos a autoclave, por isso o ozônio é uma alternativa de esterilização a baixa temperatura. Presente na nossa microbiota normal, o S. aureus pode acarretar desde doenças simples até mais graves. Da mesma forma o M. canis é um dermatófito zoofílico conhecido por causar tinhas do couro cabeludo. O presente estudo foi realizado em escovas de cabelo e culturas contaminadas com os microorganismos descritos acima, avaliando o efeito do ozônio no controle microbiano. Em placas na avaliação de M. canis, observou-se redução parcial do crescimento em 30 minutos e inibição total em 60 minutos. Já com S. aureus, essa inibição ocorreu em ambos os tempos. Na avaliação em escovas de cabelo, os resultados atingidos foram importantes, porém não satisfatórios quanto à esterilização. Corroborando com estudos já existentes, conclui-se que o uso do ozônio pode ser indicado para inúmeras áreas de concentração como médica, odontológica, veterinária e, inclusive, estética.

Palavras-chaves: Ozônio. Microsporum. Staphylococcus aureus. Couro cabeludo.
Evaluation of an osteochondral fragment–groove procedure for induction of metacarpophalangeal joint osteoarthritis in horses
Authors: Broeckx Sarah Y. , Pille Frederik , Buntinx Simon , Van Brantegem Leen , Duchateau Luc , Oosterlinck Maarten , Chiers Koen , Bertone Alicia L. , Spaas Jan H. , Martens Ann M.
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE To evaluate lameness and morphological changes associated with an osteochondral fragment–groove procedure as a means of experimental induction of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint osteoarthritis within an 11-week period in horses.

ANIMALS 6 nonlame adult warmbloods.

PROCEDURES The right MCP joint of each horse underwent an osteochondral fragment–groove procedure (day 0). After 1 week of stall rest (ie, starting day 7), each horse was trained daily on a treadmill. Weekly, horses underwent visual and inertial sensor-based assessments of lameness. Both MCP joints were assessed radiographically on days 0 (before surgery), 1, 35, and 77. A synovial fluid sample was collected from the right MCP joint on days 0 (before surgery), 35, 36, 49, 63, and 77 for cytologic and biomarker analyses. On day 77, each horse was euthanized; both MCP joints were evaluated macroscopically and histologically.

RESULTS Right forelimb lameness was detected visually and by the inertial sensor system when horses were moving on a straight line after distal forelimb flexion or circling left on days 14 to 77. Compared with presurgical values, synovial fluid interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, hyaluronic acid, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein concentrations were increased at 2 or 3 time points, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 concentrations were decreased at 1 time point. Gross examination of all right MCP joints revealed synovitis and wear lines; synovitis was confirmed histologically.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that a combined osteochondral fragment–groove procedure can be used to induce clinically and grossly observable early MCP joint osteoarthritis during an 11-week period in horses.
Effects of ventilation mode and blood flow on arterial oxygenation during pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide in anesthetized horses
Authors: Auckburally Adam , Grubb Tamara L. , Wiklund Maja , Nyman Görel
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of mechanical ventilation (MV) and perfusion conditions on the efficacy of pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide (PiNO) in anesthetized horses.

ANIMALS 27 healthy adult horses.

PROCEDURES Anesthetized horses were allocated into 4 groups: spontaneous breathing (SB) with low (< 70 mm Hg) mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; group SB-L; n = 7), SB with physiologically normal (≥ 70 mm Hg) MAP (group SB-N; 8), MV with low MAP (group MV-L; 6), and MV with physiologically normal MAP (group MV-N; 6). Dobutamine was used to maintain MAP > 70 mm Hg. Data were collected after a 60-minute equilibration period and at 15 and 30 minutes during PiNO administration. Variables included Pao2, arterial oxygen saturation and content, oxygen delivery, and physiologic dead space-to-tidal volume ratio. Data were analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman ANOVA tests.

RESULTS Pao2, arterial oxygen saturation, arterial oxygen content, and oxygen delivery increased significantly with PiNO in the SB-L, SB-N, and MV-N groups; were significantly lower in group MV-L than in group MV-N; and were lower in MV-N than in both SB groups during PiNO. Physiologic dead space-to-tidal volume ratio was highest in the MV-L group.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pulmonary perfusion impacted PiNO efficacy during MV but not during SB. Use of PiNO failed to increase oxygenation in the MV-L group, likely because of profound ventilation-perfusion mismatching. During SB, PiNO improved oxygenation irrespective of the magnitude of blood flow, but hypoventilation and hypercarbia persisted. Use of PiNO was most effective in horses with adequate perfusion.
Study on Intelligent Speed Control Algorithm for Diesel Engine
Authors: Ma C , Zhao G , Yao C , Song E
Published: February 2019

In this paper, two types of intelligent controllers are designed based on the RBF neural network algorithm and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) technology to solve the problem that the dynamic speed is difficult to control for diesel engine. In order to verify the speed regulation performance of the intelligent control system a mean value modeling (MVM) of D6114 generation diesel engine was established for off-line simulation, and the above two intelligent algorithms were compared with PID. The results show that the ADRC has a relatively small overshoot and quick dynamic response for diesel engine speed control. Radial basis function (RBF) intelligent algorithm can real-timely optimize the control parameters and has good adaptability in speed control, the transient rate decreased by 1.6% and stable time is shortened by 1.46s compared with common PID algorithm. The control performance under condition of start-up, idle speed and mutation load is compared. The results show that RBF neural network controller has good learning and adaptive capabilities for speed control of diesel engine. It can balance the stability at different speed and output of large rack displacement in a short time when the load changes to reduce the influence of load change on the rotational speed. For ADRC controller, it maintains good effect when the nonlinearity in the system increases. Improvement of PID using TD has fast response at startup and under disturbances. With NLSEF and ESO, NLSEF can automatically adjust the output according to the speed deviation to reduce interference while ESO can correct the control amount to improve the control effect of load change.
The Role of Modelling and Simulation in the Preparations for Flight Trials Aboard the Queen Elizabeth Class Aircraft Carriers
Authors: Kelly M F , Watson N A , Hodge S J , White M D , Owen I
Published: February 2019

This paper provides a brief overview of how modelling and simulation has been used to inform preparations for First of Class Flight Trials (FOCFT) aboard HMS Queen Elizabeth, the first of the United Kingdom’s two new Queen Elizabeth Class aircraft carriers, from the perspective of a collaborative research programme undertaken by industry and academia to develop high-fidelity simulations of the carrier’s ‘airwake’.  Computer modelling of the unsteady air flow over the carrier, and of the aircraft flight dynamics, have been integrated into high-fidelity flight simulators at BAE Systems Warton, and at the University of Liverpool.  The Queen Elizabeth Class (QEC) carriers have primarily been designed to operate the Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) variant of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II multirole fighter aircraft and will also operate a range of rotary-wing assets.  Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used to compute the time-varying air flow over and around the 280m long ship, along the F-35B landing approach path and up to 400m astern of the ship.  The paper shows a selection of results from the full-scale CFD analysis, and the results from a small-scale experiment that was conducted to provide confidence in the validity of the computed airwakes.  The QEC airwakes have been employed by BAE Systems in its fixed-wing flight simulator at Warton, where test pilots have conducted simulated deck landings for a variety of wind over deck conditions, so providing experience for F-35B test pilots and the ship’s Flying Control (FLYCO) crew ahead of FOCFT, which will be conducted later this year.  Airwakes have also been implemented in the HELIFLIGHT-R flight simulator at the University of Liverpool, where helicopter landings to the QEC have been simulated using a generic medium-weight maritime-helicopter model. A selection of results from the helicopter flight simulator trials is presented in terms of the workload ratings reported by test pilots, and these are related to the characteristics of the computed airwake at the landing spots tested.  The paper demonstrates how modelling and simulation can be used to reduce both the risk and cost of flight trials, by informing the FOCFT planning process, and by highlighting, in advance of the trials, which wind speed and azimuth combinations may require more focus.
Low-pressure cold metal spray coatings for repair and protection of marine components
Authors: Pal M
Published: February 2019

The marine environment is hostile to most engineering materials, a combination of in-service wear and exposure to marine environment leads to an accelerated material degradation.  Insufficient or poor protection of the substrates further assists the accelerated material degradation in marine environment. There is a direct relationship between the material-state of a ship and its operational capability, readiness, and service life.  The current state-of-the-art practice is to use paint-based coatings to maintain the material-state of ships.  However, the protection offered by paint coatings is usually brief due to inherent permeability and low damage tolerance of these coatings.  For this reason, the paint coatings require renewal at regular intervals, typically less than 5-years, to maintain a minimum level of protection from the marine environment.  The need for regular painting of ships results in a significant negative impact on the through-life availability, operational capability/readiness, and the cost of maintenance/operation of naval ships.  Therefore, the fleet owners and operators should look beyond the conventional paint-based coatings to achieve significant breakthrough improvements in maintaining and enhancing the material-state of naval ships. Metallic coatings, if selected and applied appropriately, will outperform the paint coatings in the marine environment.  Historically, the cost and performance of metallic coatings, mainly thermal metal spray (TMS) coatings, prevented their widespread use in the marine industry.  The TMS coatings also have their own inherent application and performance related limitations that are widely reported in the literature.  However, the cold metal spray (CMS) coating process can overcome the application and performance related limitations that are typically associated with the TMS coatings, therefore creating an opportunity for widespread use of metallic coatings in shipbuilding and fleet upkeep/maintenance. In this paper, the ability of low-pressure (LP-CMS) coatings to repair and reclaim damaged marine components, and application of functional coatings to improve in-service damage tolerance of the damaged/new components is investigated.  The results of the investigation show that two LP-CMS coatings, Al-alloy and CuZn-alloy, can be used to repair and preserve both new and damaged components.  The accelerated salt-spray and natural immersion corrosion testing of the LP-CMS coatings showed that each coating will be better suited to a particular operational environment, i.e. CuZn-alloy coating performed well in both immersion and atmospheric corrosion environments, whereas Al-alloy coating performed well only in atmospheric corrosion environment.
The High Capacity Expanding Lifeboat HiCEL – Meeting the Modern SAR Challenge
Authors: Wright J R E , Payne G E
Published: February 2019

The Mediterranean migrant crisis has resulted in the highest population displacement since the Second World War. In 2016 alone, over one million made the journey across the sea. Since 2013 over 15,000 have died as a result of this journey. Small vessels such as wooden fishing boats and RIBs are commonly used by smugglers as transport. These are often unseaworthy and filled with numbers of passengers far exceeding their intended capacity. When failure occurs, rescues are typically conducted by the nearest available vessel. These vessels are often ill-equipped for a large-scale Search and Rescue (SAR) operation making it highly dangerous for all involved.  The size and quantity of lifeboats available are often insufficient for the large numbers of people to be rescued; as a result, repeat journeys are required, making the rescue process slow, inefficient and hazardous. This paper outlines a novel solution to this problem. A concept design is presented for a rapidly expandable lifeboat capable of holding large numbers of passengers, whilst still fitting into the operational envelope of common davits. The unique inflatable design can be deployed quickly from a range of vessels and aeroplanes offering an immediate platform from which disembarkation onto a suitable vessel can be achieved. CONOPS are outlined along with the required capabilities of the design. Drop stitch technology is identified as a viable means of manufacturing the large inflatable platforms. Finally, the paper discusses an alternative solution, retrofitting existing enclosed lifeboats with the solution to offer a more cost-effective alternative.
Digital - Benefits for Naval Platforms
Authors: Chaderton D R
Published: February 2019

Royal Navy engineers are faced with the demanding responsibility of maintaining critical equipment to have high levels of reliability, availability, and performance under tight budget constraints. To avoid operating surprises, accurate assessment of equipment operating performance is needed to judge whether mission demands can be satisfied while maintenance costs are controlled. Large volumes of data about the health of complex system elements are generally available, and the amount of data is growing steadily. However, pulling together large amounts of current data from diverse sources across a system or an enterprise to create actionable intelligence is a challenge to the organization, from the plant engineer to the chief information officer. The foregoing requirements need to be carefully considered for effective naval asset performance management (APM). This paper considers the use of digital systems on naval platforms for APM to create a purposeful, predictive-analytic solution. It examines both the technology and engineering challenges and demonstrates how data analytics techniques are being used with successful outcomes. One solution is to use Similarity-Based Modelling (SBM) within an APM system as the technology foundation for development of predictive-analytic solutions to a broad spectrum of real-time modelling needs. Such a development, outlined in this paper, has focused on providing a platform-wide, equipment-agnostic industrial solution that can meet the needs of challenging naval applications and proven commercially in the energy and marine industries. The paper also considers, from a naval OEM perspective, the Maritime Support and the Exploitation Strategy which enables, equips and empowers the Support Enterprise through Digital Transformation.
Instead of Simply Asking 'What?', Naval Engineers Need to Ask 'Why?': Environmental Compliance Challenges and Relevance in Warship Design
Authors: Polglaze J F
Published: February 2019

Navies perceive benefit from proclaiming the intent to acquire ‘fully environmentally compliant’ warships, but such statements indicate minimal understanding of what is entailed, or realisation of the emasculation of ships’ operational effectiveness inherent to such ambition. Inescapable technical realities further void any possibility of achieving this aspiration in all but limited circumstances. Navies need to be smarter in objectively characterising and managing environmental risks, and innovative in generating bespoke technical solutions. Compliance with International Maritime Organization (IMO) marine environment protection obligations can be exceptionally onerous for warships, and in many cases nonsensical to pursue and arguably impossible to achieve. It is also ever more divergent from the standard caveat of ‘not impairing the operations or operational capabilities of such ships’. Extant, emergent and forecast regulations address matters such as fuel consumption, speed limits, fuel tank protection, and ship materials. Some requirements can be accommodated, offering benefits in terms of operational effectiveness and sustainment. Many, however, cannot be addressed without penalty in combat capability, survivability and through-life costs. IMO rules are founded upon merchant ship risks and linked merchant ship solutions; strict application of merchant ship risk remedies to warships can result in inappropriate design responses to ill-defined, inconsequential or non-existent risks. The design and acquisition processes of warships are also incompatible with IMO implementation schedules. Myopic application to warships of IMO prescripts can result in perverse outcomes which actually amplify risks to the environment. Novel ways in which to demonstrate effective compliance with the intent of rules need to be adopted. Sensible environment protection should remain a policy goal, but implementation should only be on an innovative, judicious, and risk-assessed basis if warships are to accentuate operational capabilities, which, axiomatically is the base reason for their existence. It is incumbent upon navies to also manage wider regulatory and policy dimensions. This can only be achieved by generating a clear understanding of what compliance entails in terms of capability and technical risks and how this may relate to a navy’s core mission — to fight and win at sea. This must then be communicated as a cogent and reasoned argument to regulators and policy makers. This is so that commitments by navies to ‘environmentally compliant warships’ are neither arbitrary nor to the detriment of capability.
Generational Shift: How technology is shaping a step change in the future of mine counter-measures
Authors: Rigby J C , McWilliams J , Johnson J
Published: February 2019

Developments in the command and control of offboard maritime assets, and evolution of the design of the assets themselves, have opened up new avenues to navies, industry and research institutes to change the way in which they consider and conduct Mine Countermeasures (MCM) operations.  However this shift, driven by the opportunity for risk reduction and a potential increase in operational tempo, requires a change in Concepts of Operations; this will affect the way both MCM vessels and the associated MCM equipment are designed and operated in the future. This paper explores how BMT and QinetiQ have investigated the changes this new disruptive technology will have on MCM operations, and the concept of operations that can be adopted to maximise the use of this technology. Working with mine warfare and autonomous systems industry leaders, along with lessons from Unmanned Warrior 2016, and drawing on the experience of operators from several navies, the team established a range of operational concepts that can be employed to clear a minefield or hunt individual mines. Detailed Operational Analysis (OA) was carried out to validate these concepts and determine the required Unmanned Vehicle (UxV) numbers and capabilities. Aligned with this approach is the development of QinetiQ’s Equipment Agnostic Mission Enabling Infrastructure Technology (EAMEITS); a flexible system which maximises the use of UxV technology without adding to the operator burden. The outcome of this work is a new breed of MCM platform design which, thanks to the significant effort in developing the concepts of operation and the underlying OA over a number of years, is able to deliver mine warfare as technology transitions from the current capability to the future. This paper outlines the road taken to arrive at this design and the technology incorporated within, the lessons learnt along the way and what this means for the future of mine countermeasures operations.
An Examination of the Ipelegeng Programme as Poverty Eradication Strategy in Botswana
Authors: Mogomotsi Goemeone E. J. , Mogomotsi Patricia Kefilwe , Badimo Dandy
Published: February 2019

Since independence, Botswana’s economic growth has been impressive. However, there remains concerning levels of poverty, inequality and unemployment. The government has introduced various programmes and policies to reduce or eradicate poverty, but these programmes use up a significant portion of the annual national budget that is allocated for eradicating poverty and creating employment for beneficiaries. Academic literature assessing the government’s poverty eradication programmes and policies is limited, therefore this article sets out to assess the sustainability of one of the popular poverty eradication programmes, the Ipelegeng programme. In assessing this programme, the authors undertook a desktop review of available literature ranging from government policy documents and official reports to journal articles. They argue that the said programme, due to its temporary, untargeted nature, does not resolve the problem of unemployment. The Ipelegeng programme does not equip the beneficiaries with long-term life skills but is only a source of cheap labour for the government. The article concludes that this programme is financially unsustainable and has none of the tangible trade-offs expected from a programme of its magnitude.
Oral cancers – Micronuclei as biomarker of genotoxicity a population-based study to establish usable dynamic cut off limits in tobacco users
Authors: Amin Suresh , Patel Nilam , Chattoo Bharat
Published: February 2019

Buccal mucosal samples are studied for micronuclei in tobacco users. This was with emphasis in tobacco chewers. Earlier we established protocol for collecting,staining, and analyzing micronuclei (MN) in buccal smears. Samples from over 650 patients were studied for micronuclei. MN( micronuclei ) are used as a biomarker for genotoxicity in tobacco users. This was clearly evidenced by steady increase in frequency of MN from cases with no tobacco habit, cases with tobacco habit, to potentially malignant lesions (PMD )to frank malignancy in various stages. Since all tobacco ab-users do not get cancer and may take considerable time there is a need to identifying susceptible groups. Here one can arbitrarily use outliers. In the current study nearly 20 % are outliers This is a cheaper way and such cases an be subjected to further studies for some well known gene markers or these identified patient outliers can directly warned of thier greater susceptibility.
Pengaruh Kuantitas Korpus Monolingual Terhadap Akurasi Mesin Penerjemah Statistik
Authors: Wahyuni Mirda , Sujaini Herry , Muhardi Hafiz
Published: February 2019

Untuk mencapai hasil terjemahan yang optimal mesin penerjemah statistik membutuhkan korpus paralel dalam jumlah yang besar dimana korpus tersebut berisi salinan teks bahasa sumber dan bahasa target yang sejajar. Ketersediaan korpus paralel menjadi salah satu permasalahan karena sumber yang menyediakan dokumen korpus paralel sulit ditemukan. Tidak seperti data paralel, korpus monolingual yang berisi teks hanya dalam satu bahasa dapat mempermudah pembuatan korpus (terutama bahasa target), karena dokumen teks monolingual tersedia secara luas sehingga tidak diperlukan usaha lebih untuk menerjemahkan teks korpus bilingual. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kuantitas korpus monolingual terhadap nilai akurasi hasil terjemahan pada mesin penerjemah statistik Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa Indonesia. Pengujian otomatis menggunakan BLEU dilakukan secara bertahap terhadap 2000 kalimat uji dengan menambahkan korpus monolingual bahasa target dengan jumlah yang sama pada setiap mesinnya yaitu sebanyak 6000 hingga mencapai jumlah 60000 kalimat dan didapatkan peningkatan akurasi sebesar 10,13%. Pengujian manual dilakukan oleh seorang ahli Bahasa Inggris dengan korpus uji sebanyak 100 kalimat dengan peningkatan akurasi sebesar 10,07%. Penggunaan korpus monolingual dapat mempermudah penyediaan sumber data pada mesin penerjemah statistik namun karena peningkatan akurasinya yang terbilang cukup kecil maka dibutuhkan jumlah korpus yang sangat besar sehingga penambahan korpus monolingual ini kurang efisien untuk meningkatkan akurasi terjemahan di atas 30%.
Peningkatan Mesin Penerjemah Statistik dengan Menambah Kuantitas Korpus Monolingual (Studi Kasus : Bahasa Indonesia - Sunda)
Authors: Darwis Robby , Sujaini Herry , Nyoto Rudy Dwi
Published: February 2019

Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi yang dijadikan sarana untuk berinteraksi dengan masyarakat sekitar. Kemampuan akan penguasaan banyak bahasa tentunya akan mempermudah untuk berinteraksi dengan orang lain dari berbagai daerah yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penerjemah untuk menambah pengetahuan akan berbagai bahasa yang ada. Mesin Penerjemah Statistik (Statistical Machine Translation) merupakan sebuah pendekatan mesin penerjemah dengan hasil terjemahan yang dihasilkan atas dasar model statistik yang parameter-parameternya diambil dari hasil analisis korpus paralel. Korpus paralel adalah pasangan korpus yang berisi kalimat-kalimat dalam suatu bahasa dan terjemahannya. Salah satu fitur yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan akurasi hasil terjemahan adalah dengan fitur Menambah Kuantitas Korpus Monolingual.Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan penggunaan fitur Menambah Kuantitas Korpus Monolingual pada mesin penerjemah statistik bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Sunda untuk meningkatkan nilai akurasi hasil terjemahan. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai akurasi hasil terjemahan sebelum dan setelah Menambah Kuantitas Korpus Monolingual. Penelitian menggunakan korpus paralel sebanyak 3000 korpus. Pengujian dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu pengujian otomatis menggunakan Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) dan pengujian oleh ahli bahasa Sunda. Dari hasil penelitian, penggunaan Menambah Kuantitas Korpus Monolingual dapat meningkatkan kualitas terjemahan untuk mesin penerjemah bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Sunda. Hal itu terlihat dari hasil pengujian dengan menambahkan fitur Menambah Kuantitas Korpus Monolingual terdapat peningkatan nilai BLEU dengan korpus 3400 sebesar 0.32%, 4400 korpus sebesar 0.51%, 5400 korpus sebesar 0,42%, 6400 korpus sebesar 0.51%, 7400 korpus sebesar 0.87%, 8400 korpus sebesar 1.04%, 9400 korpus sebesar 1.79%  pada pengujian otomatis dan 19.13% pada pengujian oleh ahli bahasa. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, mesin penerjemah statistik bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Sunda dengan penggunaan fitur Menambah Kuantitas Korpus Monolingual dapat meningkatkan nilai akurasi hasil terjemahan
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Pelayanan Pelanggan PDAM Tirta Kapuas Berbasis Web
Authors: Almuqsitu Abang Boni , Tursina Tursina , S Anggi Srimurdianti
Published: February 2019

Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum atau disingkat dengan (PDAM) Tirta Kapuas, merupakan salah satu perusahaan milik pemerintah daerah yang berada di Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Provinsi Kalimantan Barat yang bertanggungjawab dalam sektor pendistribusi air bersih bagi masyarakat dan memberikan jasa pelayanan serta menyelenggarakan pemanfaatan dibidang air minum. Aktivitas PDAM Tirta Kapuas antaralain mengumpulkan, mengolah, menjernihkan, sampai dengan mendistribusikan air kepada masyarakat/pelanggan. Selain kondisi geografis yang didominasi wilayah perbukitan dan sungai, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu yang memiliki  rentang luas daerah yaitu 29.842 km². Mayoritas masyarakat/pelanggan PDAM Tirta kapuas sendiri yang jumlah penduduknya 229.764 jiwa (2014), menyebar didaerah Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu yang kondisi geografisnya memerlukan alat transportasi khusus untuk mencapainya. Hal tersebut menjadi tantangan berat bagi PDAM Tirta Kapuas untuk memberikan pelayanan kepada pelanggannya. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, maka dibutuhkan aplikasi pelayanan pelanggan yang diharapkan bisa memberikan solusi dalam menampung pengaduan serta membantu kinerja PDAM Tirta Kapuas dalam melayani dan mengatasi permasalahan teknis dilapangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun sebuah sistem aplikasi pelayanan pelanggan PDAM Tirta Kapuas berbasis web dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP, database MySQL dan DBF (DataBase File) sebagai penyimpanan data terkait data pelanggan, tarif, pengaduan, data sambungan baru dan informasi tentang PDAM Tirta Kapuas. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode blackbox dan kuesioner yang diberikan kepada 15 responden, dari hasil pengujian blackbox menyatakan bahwa aplikasi sudah berjalan seperti yang diharapkan, dimana aplikasi mampu menampilkan keluaran yang sesuai dengan masukan pengguna. Dari hasil pengujian kuesioner penggunaan aplikasi yang dihitung menggunakan metode mencari interval persentase skala likert didapatkan persentase dengan total rata –rata 94,50% dan pengujian perbandingan didapatkan persentase dengan total 100,00%. Hal ini berarti responden menyatakan setuju bahwa aplikasi pelayanan pelanggan PDAM Tirta Kapuas berbasis web yang dibangun dapat membantu, mendukung dan dapat mengatasi masalah terkait pelayanan pelanggan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, disimpulkan bahwa sistem yang dibangun dapat mengatasi permasalahan terkait pelayanan pelanggan, pada PDAM Tirta Kapuas Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Provinsi Kalimantan Barat.
Electrically-Induced Light Emission in Polymer-Stabilized Proton Gradient Systems
Authors: Langer Jerzy J. , Frąckowiak Ewelina
Published: February 2019

Experiments with the chemically generated proton gradient, have lead to fabricate the system which emits the light, when electrically powered, owing to proton current flow. A polymeric scaffold preserves the stability of the system and, at the same time is playing a role of dopants of water, due to chemical character (acidic or basic) of side groups, which are responsible for gradient formation. Theresults of experiments with the chemical model of the proton gradient, the protonic p-n junction, as a light emitting diode, make a “proof of concept”, which opens the way into new light generating process and new device (protonic LED), but also, to general understanding the proton gradient role inthe light emission processes.
The Different Organization of Water in Zeolite L and Its MOF Mimic
Authors: tabacchi gloria , Fois Ettore
Published: February 2019

Abstract:Confinement of molecules inside one dimensional arrays of channel-shaped cavities has led to an impressive number of technologically interesting materials. However, the interactions governing the properties of the supramolecular aggregates still remain obscure, even in the case of the most common guest molecule: water. Herein, we use computational chemistry methods (#compchem) to study the water organization inside two different channel-type environments: zeolite L – a widely used matrix for inclusion of dye molecules, and ZLMOF – the closest metal-organic-framework mimic of zeolite L. In ZLMOF, the methyl groups of the ligands protrude inside the channels, creating nearly isolated nanocavities. These cavities host well-separated ring-shaped clusters of water molecules, dominated mainly by water-water hydrogen bonds. ZLMOF channels thus provide arrays of „isolated supramolecule“ environments, which might be exploited for the individual confinement of small species with interesting optical or catalytic properties. In contrast, the one dimensional nanochannels of zeolite L contain a continuous supramolecular structure, governed by the water interactions with potassium cations and by water-water hydrogen bonds. Water molecules impart a significant energetic stabilization to both materials, which increases by increasing the water content in ZLMOF, while the opposite trend is observed in zeolite L. The water network in zeolite L contains an intriguing hyper-coordinated structure, where a water molecule is surrounded by 5 strong hydrogen bonds. Such a structure, here described for the first time in zeolites, can be considered as a water pre-dissociation complex and might explain the experimentally detected high proton activity in zeolite L nanochannels.
Hybrid Atomic Orbitals in Organic Chemistry. Part 1: Critique of Formal Aspects
Authors: Lamoureux Guy , Ogilvie J. F.
Published: February 2019

The importance of hybrid atomic orbitals, both historically and mathematically, is reviewed. Our new analysis of the original derivation of the sp3, sp2, sp model reveals serious errors. Based on a critical survey of the literature, we submit six formal criteria that deprecate the use of hybrid orbitals in a pedagogical context. A sound mathematical basis of sp3 and sp2 formulae does not exist; hybrid atomic orbitals have hence no legitimate role in the teaching of organic chemistry.
Electron Donation by Low-Crystalline Ba-La-Ce Oxygen-Deficient Composite Oxide Accumulating on Ru Nanoparticles for Ammonia Synthesis under Mild Conditions
Authors: Sato Katsutoshi , Miyahara Shin-ichiro , Ogura Yuta , Tsujimaru Kotoko , Wada Yuichiro , Toriyama Takaaki , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Matsumura Syo , Nagaoka Katsutoshi
Published: February 2019

To mitigate global problems related to energy and global warming, it is helpful to develop an ammonia synthesis process using catalysts that are highly active under mild conditions. Here we show that the ammonia synthesis activity of Ru/Ba/LaCeOx pre-reduced at 700 °C is the highest reported among oxide-supported Ru catalysts. Our results indicate that low crystalline oxygen-deficient composite oxides, which include Ba2+, Ce3+ and La3+, with strong electron-donating ability, accumulate on Ru particles and thus promote N≡N bond cleavage, which is the rate determining step for ammonia synthesis.