bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade Openness, Income Levels, Economic Growth, and Current Account Balances
Authors: ÇETREZ Murat
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate if the trade openness has an effect on the income levels, growth rates, and on the current account balances together for the first time in the literature. Two different trade openness measures are used. 134 countries are added in four income groups between 1990 and 2019. There is a negative and statistically significant association between trade openness and current account balances for the group of low-income and lower middle-income countries. For upper middle-income and high-income countries, it is not identified any significant associations between trade openness and current account balances. Trade openness increases the growth for all groups except the upper middle-income countries. Results show trade openness widen the current account deficits of many of the low-income and lower middle-income countries. Sustainability of the current account deficits and external debts might be potentially an issue for many low-income, lower middle-income, and some of the middle-income countries especially if the growth rates decrease.
Covid-19 Döneminde Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplarının Problemleri Üzerine Yozgat İlinde Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: CEYLAN Recep , HACIHASANOĞLU Tansel
Published: June 2022

Muhasebe mesleği de diğer meslek grupları gibi insanlara ve topluma hizmet sunduğu için toplumsal olaylardan ve salgınlardan etkilenmektedir. Günümüzde yaşanan Covid-19 salgının da muhasebe meslek mensuplarını derinden etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada, ana amaç muhasebe meslek mensuplarının bu süreçte karşılaştıkları problemlerin ortaya konulması olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak salgının Yozgat ilinde faaliyet gösteren meslek mensupları üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri belirlenmiş ve muhasebecilerin geçmişteki sorunları ile karşılaştırılıp pandemiye özgü sorunlar ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Meslek mensuplarının stres, iş yükünün artması ve değersizleşme açılarından derinden etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Meslek mensupları gelirlerini tamamen mükelleflerden sağlamaktadırlar. Salgının mükellefleri olumsuz etkilemesi muhasebecileri de maddi olarak etkilemiştir. Bu araştırma neticesinde muhasebeciler salgın dönemi ile birlikte bu mesleğin artık dijital platformlara taşınmak üzere uzaktan da yapılabileceğine inandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, birçok evrakın kâğıt üzerinde oluşturulması ve dosyalanması bu mesleğin günümüzde uzaktan yapmasını olanaksızlaştırdığı görüşü de hâkimdir. Meslek mensupları özellikle vergi ile ilgili süreçte önemli görevler üstlenerek devletin gelirine katkı sağladıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Bu nedenle, mesleğin geleceği için muhasebeci ücretlerinin vergilere ya da beyanname ücretlerine eklenerek devlet garantisi altına alınması gerektiğine inanmaktadırlar. Bu yolla mükellefe bağımlılık azalacağı yani iş kaybı korkusu olmayacağı için vergi hesaplamalarının daha gerçekçi yapılacağını ve devletin gelirinin de artacağını düşünmektedirler.
Ömer Seyfettin’in “Piç” Adlı Öyküsünde Benlik ve Kimlik Sorunsalı
Authors: TOPDAŞ ÇELİK Fatma
Published: June 2022

Türk edebiyatında “Yeni Lisan” hareketinin temsilcilerinden ve bu sebeple de Millî Edebiyat’ın kurucularından biri olarak kabul edilen Ömer Seyfettin, öykülerini yaşadığı dönemde eylem ve düşünsel olarak aktif rol alması münasebetiyle genellikle milliyetçilik fikri üzerine inşa eder. Bu açıdan milliyetçiliğe bağlı olarak gelişen kimlik verilerini ve kültürel belleği yeniden diriltme amacı taşıyan Ömer Seyfettin’in öykülerinde toplumsal bir görev üstlendiğini söylemek mümkündür.

Bu çalışmada, Ömer Seyfettin’in millî benlik/kimlik, aidiyet bilinci, kültürel değerlere tutunma gibi ana etimonlar üzerine temellendirdiği öykülerinden olan “Piç” adlı öyküsü, benlik ve kimlik sorunsalı bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Öyküde yazar, fiziksel ve kültürel alanda yapılan saldırılar karşısında insanı koruyan ve köklerini geleceğe aktaran benlik ve kimlik verilerini temel anlamlarına uygun bir şekilde kullanarak Türk milletinin varlığını bireysel ve millî benlik/kimlik bilincinin korunmasına bağlı kılar. Diğer taraftan bu bilince sahip olmadıkları için hem bireysel hem de toplumsal varlık alanını ötekinin saldırısına açık hale getirerek öz niteliklerini değersizleştiren insanların duygusal, düşünsel ve eylemsel alana yansıyan yabancılaşmış yönelimlerini ise ahlaki ve vicdani bulmayan yazar, benlik ve kimliklerin korunamamasını sert bir dille eleştirir. Öyküde bu eleştirel söylemle birlikte uyarıcı ve yol gösterici söylemi de benimseyen yazarın aktarıma kazandırdığı zenginliğin yanında içeriği de psikolojik, sosyolojik ve tarihsel verilerle desteklemesi öyküyü çok sesli bir anlatıma dönüştürür.
Yok(sul)luğun Kıskacında Bir Öykü: Nevzat Üstün’ün “Akrep Üretim Çiftliği” Üzerine
Authors: BULUT Funda
Published: June 2022

Toplumsal problemlerin bazılarının hem kaynağı hem de sonucu olan yoksulluk, tarihten günümüze gündemden -çoğu zaman- düşmeyen; iktisadi, sosyal, siyasi ve kültürel zemine dayalı evrensel bir olgudur. Yoksulluğun edebiyatla görünür kılınabileceği düşüncesinden yola çıkan birçok yazar ve şair, bu evrensel meseleye farklı bakış açılarıyla dikkat çekmek ister. Türk edebiyatında ciddi bir köy edebiyatı külliyatıyla ön plana çıkan yoksulluk, literatürde çok fazla inceleme alanı bulmamış bir konudur.

Eserlerinde yer alan temler ve yaklaşımların yanı sıra siyasi fikirleri sebebiyle de toplumcu gerçekçi yazar değerlendirilmesi yapılan Nevzat Üstün, 1960 sonrası Türk öykücülüğünde yer alan isimler arasındadır. Köşe yazılarında, işsizlik, göç kadın ve çocuk hakları… gibi birçok sorunu gündeme getiren Nevzat Üstün, açlık/ yoksulluk temasını da şiir ve öykülerine taşır. Öykülerinde insanı, yaşam koşullarıyla birlikte kimi zaman eleştirel kimi zaman gözlemci bir tutumla işleyen Üstün, sadece kendi ülkesinin sorunlarına değil; dünya milletlerinin sorunlarına büyük bir özenle ve ciddiyetle yaklaşır. Bu çalışmada Nevzat Üstün’ün yoksulluğu merkeze alarak geçim sıkıntısı içindeki halkın yaşamını anlattığı “Akrep Üretim Çiftliği” adlı öyküsü değerlendirilecektir.
Цифровизация образования: от теории к практике
Authors: Gerasimova E. K.
Published: June 2022

Рассматриваются вопросы цифровизации отечественного образования; приводятся документальные материалы о цифровой трансформации образования и национальной политике в области цифровизации образования, цифровые компетенции, которыми должен владеть современный педагог; представлены технологии формирования навыков XXI века в цифровой среде. Отдельная глава посвящена цифровому учебному контенту, возможностям его применения и инструментам создания. В каждом разделе издания — разработки и примеры практической работы автора в сфере цифровизации образовательного процесса, глоссарий, дополнительные источники информации и кейс-задачи. Педагогам, студентам высших учебных заведений, обучающимся по педагогическим направлениям, научно-педагогическим работникам, слушателям курсов повышения квалификации
THE ROLE OF NEW MEDIA IN SHAPING A CREATIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Suchacka Małgorzata , Zawojski Piotr
Published: June 2022

Progressive technologization of society has an impact on an innovative approach to art and culture. New media play an important role in this context by shaping the environments of creative people who refer to regional resources in their work. The main purpose of the paper is to analyse selected theoretical concepts covering the issues of the use of new media art in the context of a symbiotic relationship with the creative environment of the region. The authors use the method of literature analysis and an interdisciplinary synthesis of the achievements of social sciences and humanities. The theoretical assumptions presented before are illustrated by the reference to a part of wider authors’ sociological research – expert debates in the environment of regional creators of new media art. The conclusions indicate potential development trends and especially promising directions for further activities in the field of using new media in shaping the creative environment.
Bezpečnostní prostředí SEKTOROVÁ ANALÝZA A IMPLIKACE PRO OZBROJENÉ SÍLY ČR
Authors: Stojar Richard , Divišová Vendula , Kosárová Dominika , Frank Libor , Novotný Antonín , Břeň Jan , Potočňák Adam , Bízik Vladimír , Novotná Yvona
Published: June 2022

This analytical study evaluated the development of the security environment of the Czech
Republic in 2021. The study is based primarily on materials prepared by the Centre for
Security and Military Strategic Studies, as well as on analytical materials prepared in
countries which share the same or similar security environment and security interests.
The study presents the results of a comparative analysis of available open sources and
contains an evaluation of selected state and trans-national actors. For the purpose of the study, a sectoral analysis based on the principles of the Copenhagen School was used, describing the political, social, environmental, military, technological and economic sectors. The study analyses the period of the past year 2021 and tries to capture the main events and trends in specific sectors with impact on the security environment and to identify the implications for defence policy and the armed forces. The results of the sectoral analysis are shown by the figure at the end of the study. Relevant threats identified in 2021 are aligned with the corresponding sectors, i.e., according to the nature of the protected value or the interest of the Czech Republic, which are endangered (e.g., the stability of the Euro-Atlantic area or the environment). At the same time, the threats are placed in homocentric circles reflecting the levels of their instrumentality: local - regional - global. Some of the challenges are manifested across multiple sectors and levels.
COVID-19 Incidence Prediction Model Based on Community Behavior With Neural Networks
Authors: Hulu Victor , Fransiska RNS , Sihotang Widya Yanti , Sinaga Suharni , Samosir Frans Judea , Ginting Astaria Br , Putri Riska Wani Eka , Sagala Lam Murni Br , Santri P Yuni Vivi , Fithri Nurhamida , Wahyuni Faradita , Manalu Putranto
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUNDS : The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health emergency that requires a public health response to prevent the spread of the virus.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the prediction model for the incidence of COVID-19 based on community behavior.
METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional study design. The study population was all people aged >18 years in Medan City and obtained a sample of 395 people with stratified random sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire in google form, then, using Microsoft Office Excel, we transferred the data from the survey to a computer program. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using the neural networks method. Then the features importance will be calculated using the Random Forest with Mean Decrease Impurity (RF-MDI) method.
RESULT: The results showed that based on the confusion matrix, the prediction value for those who did not suffer from COVID-19 was correct from negative data = 8, the correct prediction value for COVID-19 from positive data = 8. While the incorrect prediction value for machines that predicted negative results but the actual data was positive = 2, and predicts a positive result but the actual data is negative = 4. Thus, based on the neural net classification method, the accuracy value is 72%. The results of this study indicate that poor preventive behavior by the community greatly affects the spread of COVID-19 cases.
CONCLUSION: Poor community behavior, such as not limiting their interaction/contact with other people, not exercising frequently, leaving the house without keeping a safe distance, and not washing hands regularly, can all impact COVID-19 transmission in the community
Keywords: Behavior Prediction Model, COVID-19 Incidence, Neural Network
Therapeutic options in the treatment of infectious endocarditis of an implantable cardiac device lead
Authors: Ivanov M. , Peneva M. , Ivanov I. , Gotcheva N. , Boyadzhiev L.
Published: June 2022

Right-sided endocarditis, and endocarditis of the tricuspid valve in particular, is a relatively uncommon condition, encountered in approximately 5 to 10 percent of all cases of infectious endocarditis (IE). The recent increase in the prevalence of right-sided IE is attributed to intravenous drug abuse as well as the increased utilization of implantable cardiac devices such as pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defi brillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices. These cases pose signifi cant therapeutic challenges, especially when right-sided devices are involved. We present a case of 45-year-old male patient with proven IE with involvement of the tricuspid valve and implantable cardiac device lead and demonstrate the results of an antibacterial treatment and surgical interventions carried out in two steps – explanation of the lead of the implantable cardiac device, excision of the tricuspid valve, and implantation of an epicardial implantable device; subsequent tricuspid valve replacement with mechanical valve, surgical revascularization, and fi nally replacement of the thrombosed mechanical valve with a biological valve. The optimal preoperative management and the following comprehensive surgical intervention resulted in resolution of IE as it has been demonstrated by the lack of recurrence of systemic infl ammatory response syndrome and no further hospitalisations due to cardiovascular events.
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in degenerative aortic stenosis
Authors: Polomski P. , Stankov Z. , Petrov I. , Tasheva I. , Dobrev G.
Published: June 2022

Balloon valvuloplasty of the aortic valve (BAV) in aortic stenosis has been practiced for over 35 years. The initial enthusiasm caused by the excellent immediate hemodynamic effect of the procedure disappears due to the rapid restenosis of the aortic valve after intervention. The results of modern methods for defi nitive treatment of aortic valve stenosis – AVR and TAVI are excellent, thanks to which they are fi rmly rooted in treatment guidelines. However, BAV has its indications in symptomatic patients who are not suitable for defi nitive interventions. This publication discusses current indications for BAV, the main stages of the procedure, possible complications, and treatment outcomes.
TAVI in bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Dimitrova I.N. , Jorgova J. , Simeonov P. , Angelov H. , Trendafilova D.
Published: June 2022

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established choice for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in patients who are deemed inoperable or at high surgical risk. There are limited data for the safety and effi cacy of the method in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common congenital valve defect. Patients with BAV were excluded from randomized clinical trials (RCTs), comparing TAVI to surgery due to the heterogeneous anatomy of this nosological unit and concerns about unsatisfactory procedural and clinical outcomes after TAVI. With the improvement of the design of the new generations devices, with the growing technical experience of the teams and the progress in the imaging techniques, better results and fewer complications are observed, which could be a prerequisite for expanding the indications for TAVI in patients with BAV. This review presents TAVI treatment options for patients with BAV, the results of available registers in terms of safety and effi cacy of the procedure, and future perspectives.
Clinical significance and change in the degree of mitral insufficiency after TAVI
Authors: Trendafilova D. , Djorgova J. , Varnaliyska H. , Naidenova N. , Stoycheva R. , Valchev R. , Angelov H.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Hemodynamically signifi cant mitral regurgitation (MR) occurs in up to 20-30% of patients with high-grade aortic stenosis (AC) indicated for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Despite the establishment of the method as a standard in the treatment of high-risk patients for surgery worldwide and the growing number of patients treated interventionally, behavior in concomitant signifi cant MR continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The decision to intervene on multiple valves must take into account the additional surgical risk of the combined procedures. Signifi cant MR is associated with a worse prognosis in both surgical and interventional treatment. With high operative risk and signifi cant MR, TAVI is a possible solution due to the proven reduction in severity in a signifi cant proportion of patients. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of signifi cant secondary MR on mortality and rate change after TAVI. Material and methods: The article is a retrospective analysis of 50 patients with high-grade symptomatic aortic stenosis who underwent successful TAVI. Patients were followed for a period of 1 year and were divided into two major groups – no signifi cant MR (0.1 degree) and those with signifi cant secondary MR (≥ grade 2). Overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, functional class of heart failure according to the NYHA classifi cation, ejection fraction and need for rehospitalizations weremonitored. Conclusions: Hemodynamically signifi cant secondary MR, concomitant high-grade AC before TAVI undergoes positive dynamics in a signifi cant proportion of patients postprocedurally and should be considered when deciding on a therapeutic strategy by the Heart team. The worsening of signifi cant secondary MI in the studied patients is associated with 30-day and one-year cardiovascular mortality and the need for rehospitalization, which is consistent with data that the prognosis is important not only the presence of signifi cant secondary MR, but its dynamics after TAVI.
Two new freshwater species of Surirella (Bacillariophyta) from the Wuling Mountains, China
Authors: Long Ji-Yan , Kociolek John Patrick , Williams David M. , Liu Bing , Mo Wen-Hui , Chen Jin-Hua
Published: June 2022

Two sympatric Surirella species found at the same specific locality in the Wuling Mountains of China are documented with light and scanning electron microscope. Both species are new to science and named S. wufluminensissp. nov. and S. suiningensissp. nov.Surirella wufluminensis has large frustules that are either clockwise or counterclockwise twisted when viewed with the light microscope, and possesses distinctive fibulae, mound-like outgrowths on the valve surface throughout, raised longitudinal ridges on both sides of the raphe, and two helictoglossa-like processes at one apex internally. Surirella suiningensis has narrowly ovate valve outline, distinctive fibulae, troughs alternating with crests from pole to pole, and two helictoglossa-like processes at one apex internally. These two species do not produce costae on the valve surface in contrast to many species in Surirella. This study provides a further two examples of the wide range of morphological diversity in the genus Surirella.
Contribution to the knowledge of aquatic vegetation of montane and submontane areas of Northern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Viciani Daniele , Angiolini Claudia , Bonari Gianmaria , Bottacci Alessandro , Dell´Olmo Lorella , Gonnelli Vincenzo , Zoccola Antonio , Lastrucci Lorenzo
Published: June 2022

The importance of wetlands for biodiversity conservation is widely recognized. ﻿Their relevance is crucial in the identification of habitat types included in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC and in the application of the following conservation measures.﻿ Yet, several montane and submontane areas are poorly ﻿investigated from the phytosociological point of view. Here we studied aquatic communities of the Tuscan-Romagna Apennines in Italy using 52 vegetation plots dominated by hydrophytes collected in wetlands of natural and artificial origin. We analysed our data ﻿using a cluster analysis and identified 12 vegetation types that we classified as three vegetation classes Charetea intermediae, Lemnetea and Potamogetonetea, and ﻿two habitat types of conservation importance, as the hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. (Natura 2000 code 3140) and the natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition (Natura 2000 code 3150). Our study highlights the diversity of aquatic habitats in montane and submontane areas of the Northern Apennines where water bodies are generally small and scattered. This study further highlights the important role of natural freshwater ecosystems for vegetation, but also the notable role of partly or entirely artificial water bodies in maintaining aquatic communities.
Les établissements face au pilotage de la performance
Authors: Huguenin Jean-Marc , Bassin Cédric , Yvon Frédéric
Published: June 2022

L’article propose une méthode de pilotage de (et par) la performance pour les établissements de la formation professionnelle. S’appuyant sur un cas pratique, il s’attache notamment à définir les différentes dimensions de la performance et la manière dont les écoles professionnelles peuvent les mettre en œuvre, notamment à l’aide d’un tableau de bord équilibré.
Et si la qualité de la formation avait à voir avec une démarche intégrative ?
Authors: Frétigné Cédric , Jahan Cécile , Mbiatong Jérôme , Rovera Christelle
Published: June 2022

Cette contribution pose l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’approche de la formation dans une logique systémique est une clé de réussite face aux exigences de qualité et d’efficacité de la formation professionnelle. Cette logique tient compte de la pluralité d’acteurs et d’échelles d’intervention. Elle permet d’envisager la collaboration et la coconstruction, et de repenser les rôles face aux problématiques que posent les transformations du système de la formation professionnelle. L’article ouvre des pistes de réflexion et d’actions en faveur d’une épistémologie collaborative à tester.
Un modèle d’évaluation de la qualité au service du formateur
Authors: Faulx Daniel , Danse Cédric
Published: June 2022

Utiles pour le pilotage d’un système de formation, les dispositifs d’évaluation de la qualité sont souvent peu utilisables par les formateurs eux-mêmes. Leur caractère figé, leur dimension « après-coup », leur focalisation sur l’apprentissage limitent les possibilités d’utilisation à des fins de régulation de l’action. L’article propose un cadre conceptuel pour évaluer une action de formation, mobilisable par les formateurs. Il est basé sur l’identification de trois registres de choix posés par les formateurs et sur quatre gammes d’effets produits par ces choix : tout choix implique des options de contenu, d’ingénierie et de langage. Ces choix produiront des effets simultanément sur les plans de l’apprentissage, de la motivation, des dynamiques sociales et relationnelles, ainsi que sur le plan identitaire.
Stabilization of a viscoelastic wave equation with boundary damping and variable exponents: Theoretical and numerical study
Authors: Al-Mahdi Adel M. , Al-Gharabli Mohammad M. , Nour Maher , Zahri Mostafa
Published: June 2022

In this work, we consider a viscoelastic wave equation with boundary damping and variable exponents source term. The damping terms and variable exponents are localized on a portion of the boundary. We first, prove the existence of global solutions and then we establish optimal and general decay estimates depending on the relaxation function and the nature of the variable exponent nonlinearity. Finally, we run two numerical tests to demonstrate our theoretical decay results. This study generalizes and enhances existing literature results, and the acquired results are thus of significant importance when compared to previous literature results with constant or variable exponents in the domain.
Solving a Fredholm integral equation via coupled fixed point on bicomplex partial metric space
Authors: Mani Gunaseelan , Gnanaprakasam Arul Joseph , Javed Khalil , Arshad Muhammad , Jarad Fahd
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we obtain some coupled fixed point theorems on a bicomplex partial metric space. An example and an application to support our result are presented.
Coupling analysis between functional and structural brain networks in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xu Xia , Xu Song , Han Liting , Yao Xufeng
Published: June 2022

The coupling between functional and structural brain networks is difficult to clarify due to the complicated alterations in gray matter and white matter for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A cohort of 112 participants [normal control group (NC, 62 cases), mild cognitive impairment group (MCI, 31 cases) and AD group (19 cases)], was recruited in our study. The brain networks of rsfMRI functional connectivity (rsfMRI-FC) and diffusion tensor imaging structural connectivity (DTI-SC) across the three groups were constructed, and their correlations were evaluated by Pearson's correlation analyses and multiple comparison with Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, the correlations between rsfMRI-SC/DTI-FC coupling and four neuropsychological scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE), clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes (CDR-SB), functional activities questionnaire (FAQ) and montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were inferred by partial correlation analyses, respectively. The results demonstrated that there existed significant correlation between rsfMRI-FC and DTI-SC (p < 0.05), and the coupling of rsfMRI-FC/DTI-SC showed negative correlation with MMSE score (p < 0.05), positive correlations with CDR-SB and FAQ scores (p < 0.05), and no correlation with MoCA score (p > 0.05). It was concluded that there existed FC/SC coupling and varied network characteristics for rsfMRI and DTI, and this would provide the clues to understand the underlying mechanisms of cognitive deficits of AD.
Talayots y taulas. La evolución de la arquitectura simbólica en la Prehistoria de Menorca entre los siglos XI al II cal ANE
Authors: Gornés Hachero José Simón
Published: June 2022

Las excavaciones realizadas en los santuarios de taula por Manuel Fernández-Miranda y William Waldren en Torralba d’en Salort, por el Museu de Menorca en Torre den Gaumés, So na Caçana y Binissafullet y las investigaciones en Cornia Nou y Sa Cudia Cremada han aportado un gran volumen de información sobre estos monumentos originales y únicos de Menorca. Las investigaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en los últimos 30 años la han incrementado aún más. Sin embargo, son muchas las lagunas todavía en el campo de la arquitectura religiosa. En este artículo pretendo ofrecer un recorrido sobre su evolución durante el I milenio a. n. e., analizando y reinterpretando algunos de los contextos arqueológicos, y exponiendo las derivadas culturales expresadas en la arquitectura monumental de la cultura talayótica.
Selection of Strains and Breeding of Algae
Authors: Khalid Mehwish , Hashmi Imran
Published: June 2022

Intensive research efforts are aimed at increasing and modifying the algal biomass production and selection for different purposes. Financial aspects for biomass production techniques always remain a challenge that needs to be addressed. Using cost-effective media for the growth and choosing high lipid content strain is always aimed to reduce the cost of yield of algal biomass. With each passing day, there is advancement in the use of algae for the vested interests. Different species are expected to function well at different niche and environmental conditions. Therefore, adaptation of robust method and selection of algal trait is most relevant for yielding large scale algal biomass. The overarching significance of producer strain has driven research in recent years towards genetically modified species. This chapter particularly focusses on the selection and breeding of algae like different cultivation aspects in open pond, photobioreactor, bio flocculation, and advantages and disadvantages thereof.
Cell Biology and Microbial Interactions in Algal Cells
Authors: Mahmoud Nairouz H. , Elsherbiny Basma A. , Moffit Sabrina Mohamed , Mohamed Jihan H. , Abouelkheir Samia S. , Abdella Bahaa
Published: June 2022

Algae, including cyanobacteria, dominate aquatic habitats. They are the principal producers of aquatic environments. On the other hand, microbes, are essential algal helpers and are known as holobionts. Holobionts are algae-associated microbes that include bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Over millions of years, many interaction mechanisms between algal cells and their halobiont have evolved. These interactions include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. These interactions are critical for ecosystem resistance and resilience. Microbes, for example, regulate algal cell proliferation by producing toxic metabolites that control the algal growth. Alternatively, the production of vitamins and growth factors by microbes might promote algal cell proliferation. Moreover, in biotechnological applications, the algae and bacteria co-cultures are very promising as a sustainable application to persistent environmental issues and green energy solutions. Various mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular algae microbe interactions were discussed in this chapter. This is an endeavor to get knowledge about algae-microbe interactions for biomass-based energy solutions and other environmental applications.
In Silico Models on Algal Cultivation and Processing
Authors: Hassan Lamiaa H. , Ahmad Imran , Sheekh Mostafa El , Abdullah Norhayati
Published: June 2022

In modern system-level metabolic engineering, genome-wide metabolic reconstructions are used as a systems-based framework for integrating and analyzing large “omics” data sets as well as for assessing cell design molecular and bioinformatics approach “in silico”. Microalgae growth processes are based on the concurrent interaction of micronutrients (Mg, Fe, Zn, etc.), macronutrients (N, C, P), and environmental parameters (temperature and light). Blackbox models or macroscopic models give the reliable interrelationship amidst the growth kinetics of microalgae and its potential of lipid and starch accumulation in response to any of the growth restraining factors. This chapter provides an insight into the different in silico models for the growth and cultivation of microalgae. Various factors such as light intensity/distribution, the temperature during cultivation, and nutrient concentration are considered. The chapter also summarises the role of different photobioreactors (PBRs) in optimising algae-based products using genome-scale models.
Application of Algae for Hydrogen Generation and Utilization
Authors: Sallam Eman R. , Khairy Hanan M. , Elshobary Mostafa , Fetouh Howida A.
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen is a promising future fuel with high energy content for both heat and electrical energy without emission of any hazardous gases such as carbon dioxide or ozone-harming substances. Bio-hydrogen driven from microalgae has recently gained considerable attention. As it is more sustainable than other sources, further developments in such systems are still in their early stages and require improving efficiency and achieving a real-world application on a large scale. This chapter focuses on assessing the potential of microalgae applied sciences for the industrial manufacturing of hydrogen from algae using solar energy. It summarizes the principle key of hydrogen production, the viable and theoretical limits of microalga hydrogen manufacturing systems, and the rising techniques to engineer next-generation structures and how these fitting into a developing hydrogen economy. In addition, it discusses the utilization of a solar collector system for long-range storage of thermal solar energy in dark conditions or winter.
Recovery of Rare Metals and Substance Production by Algae
Authors: Moghazy Reda Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Rare earth metals (REMs) are some of the most expensive materials due to global demand with a constant rise due to their critical role in advancements of technology. This drives us to find eco-friendly approaches to their efficient recovery and reuse. Many microorganism groups can develop various mechanisms to chelate metals, among these the algae that are considered to be promising an emerging solution for collecting rare metals and substances from the environments due to their high bioremediation ability through different mechanisms such as bioaccumulation, biodegradation, or biosorption inside their biomass. Hence, it is easy to recover these accumulated metals using different methodologies and reuse them in different technological aspects; on the other hand, through the bioremediation process, other substances can be produced as secondary metabolites that can be utilized as useful materials. The chapter will discuss the importance of rare metals and the effective biotechnological role of algae in order to recover them for their economic reuse in different approaches.
Utilization of Algae in Crop Improvement and Crop Protection for a Better Agricultural System
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Chaurasia Uma , Elshobary Mostafa E. , Kumari Sunita , Hussain Touseef , Bharti Akhilendra P. , Maurya Deepak Kumar , Samanta Loknath , El-Sheekh Mostafa
Published: June 2022

In this present situation, the ongoing pressure to reduce the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizer inputs is a major challenge for sustainable agriculture. Microbial applications are a safe and renewable mode in the maintenance of agricultural productivity. Algae are acknowledged for their wide application ranging from agriculture to industries. They play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture and are used as bio-fertilizer and soil stabilizers, decreasing the need for synthetic fertilizers. The major focus is laid on the role of algae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria in soil fertility and their beneficial roles in agriculture and the maintenance of environmental sustainability.
Algae Biomass Conversion Technologies
Authors: Dutta Nalok , Mahmood Faisal , Sarwar Abid , Sultan Muhammad , Ahmad Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Usman , Mubashar Omar Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Biomass from algae, which is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, could be used for the production of biofuels and chemicals. Because algal cultivation and harvesting require high energy and costs, algae-based fuel production is a challenging commercial application. At the pilot scale, this is a common bottleneck problem in algae processing for fuels or chemicals. By implementing an integrated algae biorefinery concept, the need for energy and costs can be reduced. Biopolymers, biochemicals, biofuels, and biofertilizers can all be recovered with higher economic efficiency than conventional methods. A green economy based on algae will also be more viable by reducing production costs. The purpose of this mini-review is to give information about the development of integrated biorefineries for recovery of algal-based bioproducts and their potential applications. The authors discuss the lifecycle assessment and the economic aspects of an integrated algal biorefinery. A discussion of the challenges and future directions of integrated algal biorefinery is concluded.
A Data Mining Algorithm for Accessing Research Literature in Electronic Databases
Authors: Owan Valentine Joseph
Published: June 2022

Searching and retrieving relevant research materials from electronic databases are difficult for many students and early career researchers. Many researchers have abandoned beneficial research projects because they believe that related literature is unavailable to ground their work. This chapter serves as a guide to students, professionals, and internet users on how to pull information from electronic databases easily. The chapter begins by clarifying the concept of electronic databases, the evolution of electronic databases, and the processes involved in indexing scholarly works in an electronic database. The advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of electronic databases are also discussed. The chapter describes how electronic database search works, with insights into some poor practices. The concept of Boolean operators and how they can be used to easily mine desired contents from electronic databases are discussed. The knowledge and use of Boolean operators might become unavoidable in enabling researchers to locate relevant materials for their projects.
Supporting Data Preservation Through Institutional Repositories of the Academic Libraries in South Africa
Authors: Mthembu Mpilo , Mbatha Lungelo Sanele
Published: June 2022

Institutional repositories (IRs) are open access platforms that could be viewed as ideal platforms for supporting the management of the scientific knowledge which enhances knowledge generation, preservation, use, and sharing and for increasing the scale of research performance in a research community. This chapter investigates the use of IRs in preserving data at selected academic libraries in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, guided by the Digital Curation Centre (DCC) Lifecycle Model. The interpretivist research paradigm following a qualitative research approach through a case study was employed. The findings of the study reveal uniform IRs for data preservation in the participated academic libraries. The findings also show a strong need for training and workshops to equip the librarians and researchers with the necessary skills and knowledge for preserving data in the IRs. A lack of resources is the biggest threat to preserving data for most academic libraries.
Significance of Blockchain in Banking and Insurance
Authors: Sharma Priti , Chandra Ritesh
Published: June 2022

The chapter focuses on robustness of blockchain technology for recording a chain of transactions and maintenance of data. The initial sections of the chapter explain basic concepts like cryptography, double-entry ledger, cryptographic hashing, etc. that have been used in the development of blockchain technology. The authors explain the functioning of blockchain and its advantages in terms of time- stamped, immutable records. Blockchain represents a chain of transactions in the form of blocks that are connected through a hash unique to each block. Blockchain offers solutions to many real-world problems like recording the transactions and maintaining the records in a decentralized manner making the system efficient and yet ensuring transparency and safety. In subsequent sections, the authors discuss several use cases of blockchain in insurance and banking. The important applications include fraud detection and risk prevention, decentralized insurance and cheaper premiums, reinsurance, cross-border payments, trade finance, and compliance.
Blockchain and Financial Market Innovation
Authors: Mehrotra Vandana , Bhatia Meena
Published: June 2022

The financial sector, which witnesses millions of transactions every day, is exploring the possibilities with blockchain and how it can leverage this technology for a safer and secured investment environment. This chapter explains the innovative products and services that have been introduced in the financial markets based on this technology. It further explains the benefits derived in the securities market and the insurance sector through the adoption of this technology. Usage of blockchain also faces many challenges in the technical, business, and regulatory areas, which are discussed in the chapter.
Blockchain Technology in the Insurance Industry
Authors: Oberoi Sumit , Kansra Pooja
Published: June 2022

Application of blockchain technology is feasible in the insurance sector, thus authorising data transmission, preventing fraud, enabling automation, and safeguarding audit trails. The present study aims at understanding the use cases of blockchain in the insurance industry and examining the challenges and opportunities of blockchain technology in the insurance industry. This study is approached from a theoretical perspective, and literature search strategy was performed for all working and published research articles and book chapters indexed under different databanks (e.g., CEI, Google Scholar, IEEE, Research Gate, Web of Science, etc.). Only articles accessible in English and published between 2010 to 2021 are included in the study. Blockchain is gaining ever-increasing attention from various industries and research domains. A quantum leap in skills and technical know-how influences all segments of industries, and this revolution is absolutely necessary in the field of insurance. Thus, the implementation of blockchain in the insurance sector has turned out to be a default platform.
Blockchain Technology
Authors: Magd Hesham , Thirumalaisamy Ravi , Ruzive Benson
Published: June 2022

Blockchain technology has received much attention from academicians and industry practitioners because they perceive that it can contribute to the bottom line of corporations. Current literature shows a significant need for adopting blockchain technology in the finance and banking sector to bring digital disruption. The main objective of this chapter will be to identify the principles of blockchain technology and how it impacts the performance of the financial and banking sector. The secondary aims of this chapter will be to examine the challenges faced by the banking and insurance sector and analyse the characteristics of blockchain technology to suggest a model that collaborates with the other ecosystems to overcome those challenges. The chapter identifies models that have been suggested by other researchers and finally proposes a framework for the adoption of blockchain technology in the finance and banking sector.
Blockchain Technology in Digitizing Bancassurance
Authors: Verma Diksha , Kansra Pooja
Published: June 2022

Bancassurance was initiated as a supplementary medium for dispensing insurance-related products and services. The proposal was to make certain auxiliary profits for banks exclusive of the necessity to inculcate extra funds in a period when restrictions were under force and credit off take was unresponsive. Insurance firms thus had the time to amplify the market penetration for them. On the other hand, online and cybernetic intrusion in the banking sector and the inception of Bancassurance were nearly associated. The chapter will emphasize the need for a customer-centric approach and recognize the tactic desired for giving a boost to the Bancassurance business model through innovations and intensification of the digital infrastructure of banks. The recommendation is that rather than solely relying on digital, Bancassurance will benefit from the flawless amalgamation of omni channels (digital and physical) to contact customers.
Blockchain Technology
Authors: Kaur Satveer , Jaswal Neeru , Singh Harvinder
Published: June 2022

The objective of this chapter is to identify the applications of blockchain technology, to discuss the advantages of blockchain technology, and to identify the principles of blockchain technology. It was found from studies that in today's digital era, there are several applications of blockchain technology in the area of finance, voting, real estate, taxation, media, healthcare, food safety, data backup, data storage, and money transfer. Blockchain technology works on principles such as distribution database, transparency, peer-to-peer transmission, computational logic, etc. Moreover, blockchain technology provides several benefits over traditional technologies such as high speed, automation, reduced cost, innovation, enhancement of speed, and building trust, transparency, accuracy, traceability, etc.
Cryptocurrency
Authors: Kaushik Pitresh , Kukrety Neha
Published: June 2022

Cryptocurrencies started gaining popularity in 2017 because of the exponential returns despite their introduction in the year 2009. Cryptocurrency is now also seen as an investment opportunity by many especially after various cryptocurrencies have given unimaginable returns. Favourite investment avenues for investors were mutual funds, stock market, bonds, fixed deposits, etc., but cryptocurrencies have made their presence felt in recent times as an investment option and have seen a lot of inflow. Various start-ups are facilitating the investment in cryptocurrencies, making it feasible and reachable for every household to invest in in the hope of high returns. This chapter tries to analyse the returns that various cryptocurrencies have given since inception and compare the same with global benchmarks like NASDAQ, Nikkei, Sensex, etc. It is observed that despite very high volatility, cryptocurrencies were able to achieve very high returns as compared to stocks. The study also found a high positive correlation between the returns given by global indices and cryptocurrencies.
How to Design a Research Plan for a Thesis in Social Sciences
Authors: Carrillo-Durán María-Victoria
Published: June 2022

This chapter presents the process of how a research work should be conceived in the mind of a novice researcher who wishes to do a doctoral thesis in social sciences. A logical-deductive scheme is followed, which guides the process of designing a research plan. The three most common mistakes made by novice researchers are emphasized. The first is starting the research without delimiting the subject and the object of study. The second mistake stems from the actual context in which initial decision-making is carried out without having received sufficient research training. The third mistake is to confuse key aspects such as the design and the structure of the document. This work provides keys to defining the initial plan by concisely explaining the parts of the design and their types and providing a basic outline of the structure of the written work.
Videography in Communication Research
Authors: Marín Alba
Published: June 2022

This chapter compiles, with a descriptive approach, the methodological videographic practices that are part of research with visual methods and the contemporary context of research in the social and human sciences. What are these practices? What are the implications of introducing audiovisual recording into the methodological apparatus? How should the devices be chosen and used? What is the relationship between device, researcher, and research subject? These questions are addressed and answered in order to unite and clarify these practices to favour the understanding of young researchers who are just starting out, or of academics who want to enter videographic methodological practices for the first time. Finally, a research case in communication is presented with the use of videography as part of the method.
Efficacy of Ethics Education in Library and Information Science
Authors: Pérez Pulido Margarita , González-Teruel Aurora
Published: June 2022

This work explains the need to adapt the content of ethics training programs in library and information science (LIS) studies to two fundamental aspects: the future professional requirements of students and the beliefs of the students in this field of study. A purely qualitative investigative strategy, including the use of vignettes, was employed to demonstrate that a theoretical-practical methodology of teaching-learning, supported by a combination of ethics theories and a model of ethical reasoning, changes the attitude of students, adapting individual and professional ethical values for the future exercise of the profession.
Legitimation by Digital Discourses
Authors: López-Paredes Marco , Carrillo-Andrade Andrea
Published: June 2022

In October 2019, a wave of protests took place in Ecuador. During this crisis, the governmental Twitter accounts played a fundamental role in broadcasting rival narratives. The objective of this research is to analyze and contextualize the communication strategies that were spread during the protests to answer the question: How was legitimation built/destroyed by governmental Twitter accounts? To accomplish this objective, multimodality ruled the investigation as it allows understanding how text, video, and image interact. Protest events analysis (PEA) theory was used. Additionally, critical discourse analysis was developed with four main categories of study: (1) redistribution vs. recognition, (2) unified political discourses, (3) legitimation vs. non-legitimation, and (4) tone of the speech. The authors conclude that authority can use storytelling to determine which processes can be catalogued as legitimate.