bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conocer, comprender, intervenir. La ética de la alteridad y los aportes del conocimiento antropológico a la formación de profesionales del trabajo social
Authors: Álvarez San Martín Roberto
Published: April 2021

En el contexto actual la formación en Trabajo Social incorpora la enseñanza de Antropología, donde la pregunta sobre qué se aprende al estudiar Antropología es frecuente. El objetivo de este trabajo es situar, desde la ética de la alteridad, los aportes conceptuales y metodológicos de la Antropología al Trabajo Social. Para ello, la práctica reflexiva docente y la reflexividad antropológica se complementan con una revisión de la producción académica iberoamericana sobre Antropología y Trabajo Social. Teniendo como eje articulador de la reflexión el paradigma de la alteridad, se revisan las concepciones de identidad cultural, etnocentrismo, diversidad cultural y aculturación, mientras que desde lo metodológico se hace referencia al método etnográfico en cuanto herramienta de producción de conocimientos para la intervención social. Se concluye planteando un conjunto de desafíos para antropólogos/as involucrados en procesos formativos en Trabajo Social.
Оценка восприятия студентов-медиков о медицинской генетике во время курса и профессиональной жизни, в университетском центре Belém, Pará, Amazônia
Authors: Martins Carlos Henrique Lopes , Lima Gabriela Elenor dos Santos , Dendasck Carla Viana , Oliveira Ciane Martins de , Oliveira Euzébio de
Published: April 2021

Дисциплина Генетика играет основополагающую роль в академической и профессиональной подготовке студентов-медиков. Таким образом, необходимо, чтобы их восприятие было регулярным или хорошим во время основных, клинических и посадочных циклов курса, так что хорошее профессиональное поведение может быть основано и состояние импульсов к здоровью пациента. Основная цель исследования заключается в оценке восприятия студентов Медицинской школы по медицинской генетике во время курса и профессиональной жизни, в университетском центре Belém, Pará, Amazônia. Это количественное исследование, в котором был применен вопросник, подготовленный исследователями с открытыми и закрытыми вопросами. Собранные данные были проанализированы и приведены в графиках и таблицах, разработанных в рамках Microsoft Excel 2017. Мы опросили 120 студентов с 1-го по 12-й семестр курса, где 90% заявили, что у них были трудности в ходе курса, 62,5% расширили свои знания после реализации того же, однако, 75% сочли, что дисциплина была недостаточной для решения всей длины предмета. Предлагается, таким образом, что студенты могут иметь больший контакт с предметом, либо в виде курсов или внеклассных стажировок.
Perception Analysis of Industrialized Building System (IBS) Implementation for G7 Contractors in Kuching, Sarawak
Authors: Lee Yee Yong , Abdullah Nurul Mizatul Qamarina , Lee Yeong Huei , Gui Hun Chuen , Whyte Andrew
Published: April 2021

Industrialized Building System (IBS) is one of the initiatives underpinning the green construction zeitgeist. A myriad of advantages can be associated with adopting IBS in construction, including inter alia, improved construction quality and productivity, minimisation of construction waste, optimisation of construction materials on-site, enhanced environmental sustainability, and many others. In spite of these advantageous propositions, there is exist a gap in the exposure towards IBS construction methods, particularly in the city of Kuching, Sarawak, as compared to more familiar conventional methods. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the issues and challenges experienced by contractors in their IBS endeavour as well as to propose a framework of solution. Moreover, this study investigated the impact of IBS adoption by G7 contractors registered with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) of Sarawak. Data of this study was collected via questionnaires distributed to the G7 contractors and subsequently analysed using descriptive and mean analysis. Results obtained from the study suggested that IBS construction method enhances the efficiency of construction for speedier completions, which recorded the highest ranking. Conversely, lowering the costs of construction through optimisation of materials registered the lowest ranking, suggesting that contractors do not necessarily perceive IBS as having a cost-saving ability. This study showed that IBS helps to improve the efficiency of the construction process. However, respondents were still uncertain that adopting IBS can reduce costs. This corresponds to the finding in which the most significant challenge perceived by the contractors was related to cost. This suggested a lack of integration between the different stakeholders, especially during the design stage, often resulting in the need for redesign works that required additional costs when IBS is to be adopted. In this regard, it was not a surprise to find that “promotions” obtained the top ranking as a solution in overcoming the IBS challenges. Hence, support from both the government and the private sector needs to be garnered and diligently promoted, so that the adoption of IBS in the Sarawak construction industry can be properly enhanced.
Persepsi mahasiswa muslim mengenai hubungan sains dan agama di Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor
Authors: Mujahidin Endin , Martanegara Irfan Habibie , Saefuddin Didin , Syafrin Nirwan
Published: April 2021

This article aims to map perceptions of the relationship between science and religion among students at Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor and to look at the demographic factors that influence these perceptions. This research is a quantitative study using a questionnaire. This study found that in the typology of pro-religious conflict, almost all students were at a high level. For harmonic typology, about two-thirds of students were at a high level, and the remaining third was at a moderate level. For the independent typology and pro-science conflict, the majority of students were at the moderate level. In an Islamic campus environment where respondents can be said to be uniform, there is no significant difference in perceptions based on the education taken, the origin of education, and gender.

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memetakan persepsi hubungan antara sains dan agama pada mahasiswa di Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor serta melihat faktor-faktor demografis yang mempengaruhi persepsi tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pada tipologi konflik pro-agama, hampir seluruh mahasiswa berada pada tingkat tinggi. Untuk tipologi harmonis, sekitar dua pertiga mahasiswa berada pada tingkat tinggi, sepertiga sisanya berada pada tingkat sedang. Untuk  tipologi independen dan konflik pro-sains, mayoritas mahasiswa berada pada tingkat sedang. Pada lingkungan kampus Islam di mana responden dapat dikatakan seragam, tidak ada perbedaan persepsi yang signifikan berdasarkan pendidikan yang ditempuh, asal pendidikan, serta jenis kelamin.
Peran Gamifikasi E-Commerce Untuk Mendukung Ekonomi Kreatif
Authors: Aini Qurotul , Budiarto Mukti , Edliyanti Aulia
Published: April 2021

In accordance with Presidential Decree Number 142 of 2018 on Economic Development Master Plan 2018-2025 National Creative that serve as the foundation in developing a creative economy that supports the national policy on "Making Indonesia 4.0", however, the current problem is the lack of contribution and the role of students in developing economic digitization. creative and marked by the lack of renewal of the Entrepreneurship course. Another problem is that there are still many agencies that have not been able to provide a website-based ecommerce container to accommodate student research results. With this problem, an ecommerce gamification-based student creative economy is utilized which aims to increase student interest in digitizing a creative economy and increase the number of quality scientific publications. Stages of research methods Gameplay e-commerce such as playing a game each user gets a level from the category of product purchased, of course, each level has its own features that make users interested in the privileges of each level.
Innovations in telecommunications companies
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Maslennikova Darya A. , Paseka Ilya A. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Dunenkova Elena N. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: April 2021

Based on the analysis of innovative activities of telecommunications companies, the relevant set of instruments is specified, i. e. In-house VC incubators, external accelerators, partnerships in research & innovations, hackathons, etc. These instruments contribute to building the corporation’s entrepreneurial culture, finding entrepreneurs within the company, selecting their projects for implementation in the best interests of the company.
Hubungan Lama Hemodialisis dengan Fungsi Kognitif yang Diukur Menggunakan Metode Trail Making Test A dan B
Authors: Rafika Naziratur , Armelia Linda
Published: April 2021

Latar Belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) telah menjadi masalah kesehatan  masyarakat global di seluruh dunia, sehingga perlu dilakukan hemodialisis (HD) yang merupakan terapi paling banyak dilakukan. Angka kejadian yang tinggi dari gangguan kognitif dan demensia telah banyak dilaporkan pada berbagai penelitian. Prevalensi terjadinya penurunan fungsi kognitif meningkat yaitu sebesar 30% sampai 70% pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lamanya hemodialisis dengan fungsi kognitif yang diukur menggunakan metode Trail Making Test A and B di RS. Anna Medika Bekasi.  Metode: Merupakan penelitian cross sectional, dengan sampel penelitian adalah 156 penderita PGK yang sedang menjalani HD di Rumah Sakit Anna Medika Bekasi, namun hanya 73 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subjek diwawancarai dan mengisi kuisioner Trail Making Test A and B. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Dari tes Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) diperoleh hasil yang mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif sebanyak 40 orang (54.8%) dan sebanyak 33 orang (45.2%) normal. Sedangkan pada TMT-B, hanya 9 orang (12.3%) yang mengalami penurunan dan 64 orang (87.7%) normal. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lama hemodialisis dengan fungsi kognitif pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis, dengan nilai p 0,297 pada TMT-A dan nilai p sebesar 0,220 pada TMT-B. Simpulan: Tidak  terdapat  hubungan  yang  signifikan antara  lama hemodialisis dengan fungsi kognitif pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis menggunakan metode Trail Making Test A and B.
Isatuximab and Belantamab Mafodotin: A Primer to an Evolving Multiple Myeloma Landscape
Authors: Gonzalez Rebecca , Bailey Hanna , Castaneda Puglianini Omar
Published: April 2021

Multiple myeloma (MM) continues to be an incurable disease impacting mainly an ageing population. Comorbidities, disease characteristics, and drug toxicity profiles heavily influence treatment selections. Despite single agent activity of many anti-MM agents, opportunities to maintain responses most often include combination therapy with immunomodulator and/or proteasome inhibitor therapies. Monoclonal antibodies (moAb) have become an additional backbone to both newly diagnosed and relapsed or refractory transplant eligible and ineligible patients. Tolerability of these agents offers an additional benefit particularly to an ageing population. Two newly approved moAb targeting CD38 and B-cell maturation antigen have been added to the anti-MM arsenal. Isatuximab, a chimeric anti-CD38 moAb, is the second U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved CD38 targeted therapy offering unique mechanisms of action owing to differences in epitope binding and favourable side effect profiles. Belantamab mafodotin, a B-cell maturation antigen drug-antibody conjugate, is a first-in-class humanised moAb containing a distinct microtubule-disrupting agent: monomethyl auristatin-F. Its distinctive anti-MM activity includes antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, as well as direct cytotoxicity caused by internalisation of monomethyl auristatin-F. This review focusses primarily on the mechanisms of action, resistance patterns, and clinical utility of two recently FDA approved agents; isatuximab in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory MM exposed to at least two or more lines of therapy, and belantamab mafodotin monotherapy in relapsed or refractory MM exposed to four or more lines of therapy.
Role of Domestic Carnivores in the Formation of Parasitic Foci in the Territory of Azerbaijan
Authors: Ibrahimova R.
Published: April 2021

Domestic carnivores play an important role in the transfer of pathogenic helminths from natural foci to synanthropic ones and in the formation of strong parasitic foci for humans and domestic animals. The extensiveness and powerful natural and synanthropic and mixed foci of some main helminth infectors of domestic carnivores have been specified. Upon studying the role of carnivores in the creation and improvement of foci firstly in Azerbaijan. For the first time, it was found out that domestic carnivores are the new host for 14 types of helminths infected with wild animals have also influence on mixed foci. 2 species (Gongylonema pulchrum, Mesocestoides corti) of 14 species of helminths assume epidemiological significance; while 5 species (Taenia cervi, T. krabbei, Tetratirotaenia polyacantha, Trichocephalus vulpis, Strongyloides vulpis) assume epizootic significance. It was found out that intermediary hosts, ecological and anthropogenous along with carnivorous animals have also an influence on the creation and spread of parasitic foci. Therefore, studying the factors that lead to the creation of parasitic foci is of practical importance.
The Role of Biotic and Abiotic Factors in Prevalence of Cyprinidae Fishes and Trout Parasites in the Fish Farms of Azerbaijan
Authors: Suleymanova A.
Published: April 2021

During 2013–2017 years biotic and abiotic of environmental conditions affecting to the extensiveness of invasion by causative agents of carp and trout parasitosis in fish farms in the territory of Azerbaijan Republic were studied. In addition, we studied the seasonal and age dynamics of diseases of the farm fishes. The prevalence of fish parasites infection in hot season (May-July) in comparison with cold month (October) was recorded. Twenty species of parasites from various systematical groups were found: protozoans (4 species); monogenean worms (3 species); cestodes (4 species); trematodes (3 species); nematodes (2 species); acanthocephalans (2 species); crustaceans (2 species). All investigations were conducted by considering of various factors affecting on production of fish. 386 specimens of carp and 415 specimens of trout were examined by the method of full parasitological dissection. We analyzed the physical and chemical conditions of water from the fish pools and other artificial basins in fish farms. In conclusion of our investigation the list of most pathogenic species of cultivated parasites were composed: Metechinorhyncnus truttae, Acanthocephalus clavulae, Paradilepis scolecina, Proteocephalus torulosus, Rhabdochon agnedini.
Diogenes of Apollonia as a Material Panpsychist
Authors: Dondoni Luca
Published: April 2021

In my paper, I shall provide a reading of Diogenes of Apollonia such that his understanding of the metaphysics of differentiation and of individual ensoulment may constitute an ingenious answer to the problems of his time. To this extent, I will argue that Diogenes' worldview solves the difficulties of Anaxagoras' metaphysics and successfully integrates mentality in a causally closed conception of nature. Finally, I will suggest that a Diogenes-inspired approach might be relevant to treat some pressing concerns in the contemporary philosophy of mind – thus demonstrating how his production might offer some interesting solutions for the problems of our time too.
Studi Etika Bisnis Berdasarkan Alkitab
Authors: Chia Philip Suciadi , Juanda Juanda
Published: April 2021

Business ethics is part of special ethics (applied), which initially developed in the United States, where it highlights various moral aspects of human behavior that have professions in business and management.

Studying business ethics can help people who are in the business world to be able to formulate and apply ethical principles in the economics and business world among each other. It is expected that ethical principles can help determining the right attitude in dealing with conflicts (both interests and conscience) that arise when doing business.

Of course, the Bible will be a foundation (reference) in formulating ethical principles in business. Thus, this paper limits business ethics that only based on biblical truth, so that it does not open a space for business ethics based on the secular world.

In addition, the writer will discuss the relationship between ethics and business, definition, various presuppositions in doing business, some examples of violations of business ethics and closed for the purpose of Bible-based business ethics. 

Abstrak Indonesia

Etika bisnis merupakan bagian dari etika khusus (terapan), yang pada awalnya berkembang di Amerika Serikat, di mana menyoroti pelbagai segi moral perilaku manusia yang mempunyai profesi di bidang bisnis dan manajemen.

Mempelajari etika bisnis dapat membantu mereka yang menggeluti dunia bisnis untuk dapat merumuskan serta menerapkan prinsip-prinsip etika dibidang ekonomi maupun dunia bisnis antar sesama. Prinsip-prinsip etika ini pun diharapkan dapat menolong dalam menentukan sikap yang benar dalam menghadapi konflik-konflik (baik kepentingan maupun hati nurani) yang timbul tatkala berbisnis.

Tentu saja Alkitab akan menjadi landasan (acuan) dalam merumuskan prinsip-prinsip etika dalam berbisnis. Dengan demikian, tulisan ini membatasi etika bisnis hanya berdasarkan dari kebenaran Alkitab, sehingga tidak membuka ruang bagi etika bisnis menurut dunia sekuler.

Di samping itu, penulis akan membahas mengenai kaitan antara etika dengan bisnis, definisi, berbagai presuposisi dalam berbisnis, beberapa contoh pelanggaran akan etika bisnis dan ditutup dengan tujuan etika bisnis yang berdasarkan Alkitab.
Convergence of Blockchain, Autonomous Agents, and Knowledge Graph to Share Electronic Health Records
Authors: Yao Yao , Kshirsagar Meghana , Vaidya Gauri , Ducrée Jens , Ryan Conor
Published: April 2021

In this article, we discuss a data sharing and knowledge integration framework through autonomous agents with blockchain for implementing Electronic Health Records (EHR). This will enable us to augment existing blockchain-based EHR Systems. We discuss how major concerns in the health industry, i.e., trust, security and scalability, can be addressed by transitioning from existing models to convergence of the three technologies – blockchain, agent-based modeling, and knowledge graph in a decentralized ecosystem. Each autonomous agent is responsible for instantiating key processes, such as user authentication and authorization, smart contracts, and knowledge graph generation through data integration among the participating stakeholders in the network. We discuss a layered approach for the design of the proposed system leading to an enhanced, safer clinical decision-making system. This can pave the way toward more informed and engaged patients and citizens by delivering personalized healthcare.
Unbonded Post-tensioned Precast Concrete Walls With Rocking Connections: Modeling Approaches and Impact Damping
Authors: Kalliontzis Dimitrios , Nazari Maryam
Published: April 2021

Over the past two decades, precast concrete members have been utilized in seismically resilient structures. In developing these structures, different techniques have been used for connecting the precast members to the foundation. In building construction, unbonded post-tensioning (PT) tendons can anchor a precast wall to the foundation, resulting in the so-called rocking wall system. The rocking wall system develops a dry connection with the foundation and provides moment resistance by means of the PT tendons. The PT tendons remain elastic when the wall is subjected to design-level ground motions to preserve the re-centering capability of the wall. Moreover, the structural damage is concentrated near the wall toes and can be minimized with proper detailing of the toes. Rocking wall systems can consist of a Single precast Rocking Wall (SRW), which uses no supplemental damping, or walls with supplemental damping in the form of viscous or hysteretic energy dissipating devices. In addition to the supplemental damping, rocking walls dissipate the seismic energy through their impacts on the foundation base, their inherent viscous damping, and the hysteresis of concrete near the wall base. While the investigation of rocking walls continues to gain interest, there is no widely accepted means of modeling their dynamic behavior. This paper investigates two popular approaches for modeling rocking walls with and without supplemental damping: the finite element method and analytical modeling. The ability of the two approaches to capture the local and global responses of the walls is evaluated against shake table tests of walls with multiple-level intensity base motions. Next, the behavior characteristics of the two modeling approaches and their ability to simulate impact damping are discussed.
Sulfatase 2-Induced Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Induction of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Wang Cong , Shang Chuzhi , Gai Xiaohong , Song Tao , Han Shaoshan , Liu Qingguang , Zheng Xin
Published: April 2021

Background

Sulfatase 2 (SULF2) removes the 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) and consequently alters the binding sites for various signaling molecules. Here, we elucidated the role of SULF2 in the differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment and the mechanism underlying CAF-mediated HCC growth.

Methods

The clinical relevance of SULF2 and CAFs was examined usingin silicoand immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Functional studies were performed to evaluate the role of SULF2 in the differentiation of HSCs into CAFs and elucidate the mechanism underlying CAF-mediated HCC growth. Mechanistic studies were performed using the chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Thein vitrofindings were verified using the nude HCC xenograft mouse model.

Results

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and IHC analyses revealed that the expression of CAF markers, which was positively correlated with that of SULF2 in the HCC tissues, predicted unfavorable postsurgical outcomes. Co-culturing HSCs with HCC cells expressing SULF2 promoted CAF differentiation. Additionally, CAFs repressed HCC cell apoptosis by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Meanwhile, SULF2-induced CAFs promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells by modulating the SDF-1/CXCR4/OIP5-AS1/miR-153-3p/SNAI1 axis. Studies using HCC xenograft mouse models demonstrated that OIP5-AS1 induced EMT by upregulating SNAI1 and promoted HCC growthin vivo.

Conclusion

These data indicated that SULF2 secreted by the HCC cells induced the differentiation of HSCs into CAFs through the TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling pathway. SULF2-induced CAFs attenuated HCC apoptosis by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and induced EMT through the SDF-1/CXCR4/OIP5-AS1/miR-153-3p/SNAI1 axis. This study revealed a novel mechanism involved in the crosstalk between HCC cells and CAFs in the tumor microenvironment, which can aid in the development of novel and efficient therapeutic strategies for primary liver cancer.
Applications of Macrocyclic Host Molecules in Immune Modulation and Therapeutic Delivery
Authors: Soni Shreya S. , Alsasa Abdulrahman , Rodell Christopher B.
Published: April 2021

The immune system plays a central role in the development and progression of human disease. Modulation of the immune response is therefore a critical therapeutic target that enables us to approach some of the most vexing problems in medicine today such as obesity, cancer, viral infection, and autoimmunity. Methods of manipulating the immune system through therapeutic delivery centralize around two common themes: the local delivery of biomaterials to affect the surrounding tissue or the systemic delivery of soluble material systems, often aided by context-specific cell or tissue targeting strategies. In either case, supramolecular interactions enable control of biomaterial composition, structure, and behavior at the molecular-scale; through rational biomaterial design, the realization of next-generation immunotherapeutics and immunotheranostics is therefore made possible. This brief review highlights methods of harnessing macromolecular interaction for immunotherapeutic applications, with an emphasis on modes of drug delivery.
Comorbidities and Age Are Associated With Persistent COVID-19 PCR Positivity
Authors: Aldhaeefi Mohammed , Tahir Zabreen , Cote David J. , Izzy Saef , El Khoury Joseph
Published: April 2021

Objectives

The impact of demographics and comorbidities on the duration of COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab PCR positivity remains unclear. The objective of our analysis is to determine the impact of age, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, comorbidities, and ethnicity on the duration of COVID-19 PCR positivity among hospitalized patients in a large group of hospital.

Method

We studied 530 patients from a large hospital system and time to SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA PCR negativity at any-time during hospitalization or following discharge from the hospital was the primary endpoint. We included patients 18 years or older who tested positive for COVID-19 during an inpatient, outpatient, or emergency room visit between February 1, 2020, and April 14, 2020.

Results

Overall, 315 (59.4%) of our patient population continued to have a positive SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA PCR 4 weeks after the initial positive test. We found that age>70 years, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, or coronary artery disease are associated with persistent PCR positivity for more than 4 weeks after initial diagnosis.

Conclusion

Age, and the presence of co-morbidities should be taken into consideration when interpreting a positive COVID PCR test.
Use of Social Media, Network Avenues, Blog and Scientific Information Systems Through the Website Promoting the Mediterranean Diet as a Method of a Health Safeguarding
Authors: Mariscal-Arcas Miguel , Jimenez-Casquet Maria Jose , Saenz de Buruaga Borja , Delgado-Mingorance Sonia , Blas-Diaz Alba , Cantero Leticia , Padial Magdalena , Matas Maria Eugenia , Martinez Nuria Mohamed , Salas Pablo , Reboredo Alba , Lopez-Moro Alejandro , Corbalan Marina , Latorre Jose Antonio , Martinez-Bebia Manuel , Gimenez-Blasi Nuria , Garcia-Sola Jennifer , Sanchez-Moreno Guillermo
Published: April 2021

The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is considered by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as “the best for people and the most sustainable for the environment”. In the era of Big Data, new tools are emerging to facilitate health care research. One form of Big Data is the one that accumulates in the traffic caused by publications on the web and social networks. These data can provide valuable information about the epidemiological patterns of certain behavior and interest of the population. The objective of this study was to explore through websites and its associated official social media on information related to different publications of both international or national nutrition official agencies as well as publications of scientific diffusion for the design of future nutritional education and MD programs. This study opens up future avenues of research, such as studying the acceptance of post writing in other languages in those northern European countries where MD is being implemented. Or through the use of subtitled videos, due to the great acceptance of this format. The MD remains in 2020 considered the best option to follow a healthy diet without difficulties, therefore it is very important to continue promoting the need for good nutritional health based on its qualities.
Exploring the Complexity of the L2 Intonation System: An Acoustic and Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Liu Di , Reed Marnie
Published: April 2021

Phonological research has demonstrated that English intonation, variably referred to as prosody, is a multidimensional and multilayered system situated at the interface of information structure, morphosyntactic structure, phonological phenomena, and pragmatic functions. The structural and functional complexity of the intonational system, however, is largely under-addressed in L2 pronunciation teaching, leading to a lack of spontaneous use of intonation despite successful imitation in classrooms. Focusing on contrastive and implicational sentence stress, this study explored the complexity of the English intonation system by investigating how L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers use multiple acoustic features (i.e., pitch range, pitch level, duration, and intensity) in signaling contrastive and implicational information and how one acoustic feature (maximum pitch level) is affected by information structure (contrast), morphosyntactic structure (phrasal boundary), and a phonological phenomenon (declination) in L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers' speech. Using eye-tracking technology, we also investigated (1) L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers' real-time processing of lexical items that carry information structure (i.e., contrast) and typically receive stress in L1 speakers' speech; (2) the influence of visual enhancement (italics and bold) on L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers' processing of contrastive information; and (3) L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers' processing of pictures with contrastive information. Statistical analysis using linear mixed-effects models showed that L1 English speakers and Mandarin-English L2 speakers differed in their use of acoustic cues in signaling contrastive and implicational information. They also differed in the use of maximum pitch level in signaling sentence stress influenced by contrast, phrasal boundary, and declination. We did not find differences in L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers' processing of contrastive and implicational information at the sentence level, but the two groups of participants differ in their processing of contrastive information in passages and pictures. These results suggest that processing limitations may be the reason why L2 speakers did not use English intonation spontaneously. The findings of this study also suggest that Complexity Theory (CT), which emphasizes the complex and dynamic nature of intonation, is a theoretical framework that has the potential of bridging the gap between L2 phonology and L2 pronunciation teaching.
Cardiac Energetics Before, During, and After Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients Using 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Macnaught Gillian , Oikonomidou Olga , Rodgers Christopher T. , Clarke William , Cooper Annette , McVicars Heather , Hayward Larry , Mirsadraee Saeed , Semple Scott , Denvir Martin A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To explore the utility of phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) in identifying anthracycline-induced cardiac toxicity in patients with breast cancer.

Methods: Twenty patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy had cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 31P MRS to determine myocardial Phosphocreatine/Adenosine Triphosphate Ratio (PCr/ATP) at three time points: pre-, mid-, and end-chemotherapy. Plasma high sensitivity cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I) tests and electrocardiograms were also performed at these same time points.

Results: Phosphocreatine/Adenosine Triphosphate did not change significantly between pre- and mid-chemo (2.16 ± 0.46 vs. 2.00 ± 0.56, p = 0.80) and pre- and end-chemo (2.16 ± 0.46 vs. 2.17 ± 0.86, p = 0.99). Mean LVEF reduced significantly by 5.1% between pre- and end-chemo (61.4 ± 4.4 vs. 56.3 ± 8.1 %, p = 0.02). Change in PCr/ATP ratios from pre- to end-chemo correlated inversely with changes in LVEF over the same period (r = −0.65, p = 0.006). Plasma cTn-I increased progressively during chemotherapy from pre- to mid-chemo (1.35 ± 0.81 to 4.40 ± 2.64 ng/L; p = 0.01) and from mid- to end-chemo (4.40 ± 2.64 to 18.33 ± 13.23 ng/L; p = 0.001).

Conclusions: In this small cohort pilot study, we did not observe a clear change in mean PCr/ATP values during chemotherapy despite evidence of increased plasma cardiac biomarkers and reduced LVEF. Future similar studies should be adequately powered to take account of patient drop-out and variable changes in PCr/ATP and could include T1 and T2 mapping.
Rapid Recovery Control Method Based on Improved VDCOLs for Hybrid Multi-Infeed DC Transmission System After AC Failure
Authors: Mao Chizu , Liu Xianchao , Li Qing , Xu Zhihua , Xin Yechun , Wang Tuo
Published: April 2021

Continuous commutation failure is very likely to occur in the hybrid Multi-infeed high-voltage direct current (HMIDC) after AC failure. In order to improve the recovery quality after HMIDC failure, an AC-DC voltage-dependent current order limiter (VDCOL) based on system strength index is proposed in this article. Firstly, the control mode transition process and system recovery process after DC failure are analyzed based on the hybrid multi-infeed DC transmission port model. Then, considering the impact of AC voltage and DC voltage input signals of VDCOL on AC voltage recovery and DC power recovery, respectively, the interaction factor and strength index of the hybrid multi-infeed system are constructed. Moreover, the weight coefficient of AC and DC voltage is calculated according to the strength of the multi-infeed system. Finally, a three-infeed hybrid DC transmission simulation model is built in the MATLAB/Simulink digital simulation platform. The simulation results demonstrate that the rapid recovery strategy proposed in this article can effectively suppress continuous commutation failure and improve the recovery speed of AC voltage and DC power.
Synergy of Oxygen Plasma and Al2O3 Atomic Layer Deposition on Improved Electrochemical Stability of Activated Carbon-Based Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Fuming , Song Guanghui , Gandla Dayakar , Ein-Eli Yair , Tan Daniel Q.
Published: April 2021

As a conventional electrode material of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC), activated carbon (AC) still faces challenges to exhibit high capacitance. To address this problem, herein, we introduce a combined method of oxygen plasma and Al2O3 tomic layer deposition (ALD) on AC electrodes to reduce the impedance and improve the cycle stability of EDLC. The defect structure can be precisely designed by simply tuning the oxygen-plasma treatment time, thereby affecting the microstructures of AC electrode. Such a tactic permits the first-operated AC electrode with more defects and the ALD passivation of AC resulting in an outstanding rate performance for the device (40.6 F g–1 at 5 mA cm–2, 20.1 Fg–1 at 100 mA cm–2) and cycling stability (∼90% retention after 5,000 cycles). This benefit from the synergistic effect of defects from doped oxygen and stable aluminum oxide layer on the electrode surface. This work delivers a feasible strategy to construct a stable AC material with superior cycling performance for supercapacitor.
Growing Out of the Tropical Forests: Gene Flow of Native Mesoamerican Trees Among Forest and Mayan Homegardens
Authors: Ferrer Miriam M. , Tapia-Gómez Cristell A. , Estrada-Medina Héctor , Ruenes-Morales María del Rocío , Montañez-Escalante Patricia I. , Jiménez-Osornio Juan J.
Published: April 2021

This work aimed to evaluate domestication effects on the genetic structure of two dioecious speciesBrosimum alicastrumSw. (Moraceae) andSpondias purpureaL. (Anacardiaceae), and a heterostylous oneCordia dodecandraA. DC. (Cordiaceae), growing in remnant forests and homegardens within two climatic regions of the Peninsula of Yucatan. The trees ofB. alicastrumandC. dodecandraare propagated by seeds in both population types, while those ofS. purpureaare propagated asexually in the homegardens. ISSRs genetic markers were amplified from foliar tissue of 18 to 21 plants per population type/region combination for each species. Genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and genetic structure estimators were obtained and compared among species at the regional and population level. We found higher polymorphism (37.5–41), but lower private alleles (4–4.4) and similar heterozygosity (0.1–0.12) in the species with sexual reproduction compared toS. purpurea(34, 8, and 0.11, respectively). Genetic diversity inB. alicastrumpopulations varied with the region; inC. dodecandra, to the population type; and inS. purpurea, to both the population type and the region. Unrestricted gene flow among regions was suggested by low ΦRTinC. dodecandraandS. purpurea(−0.006 and 0.002) but not forB. alicastrum(0.1). Gene flow between populations within the regions for the sexually reproducing species was suggested by lower θII(0.005–0.07 and 0.008–0.1) estimates than those ofS. purpurea(0.09 and 0.13). Even though the lowest paired FST(0.002–0.05) and ΦST(0.002–0.12) values were found between the northeastern forest and homegarden populations for the three species, the dendrogram, Bayesian assignment, and K-Means analyses suggest that the least differentiated populations are southwestern forest and homegarden populations ofB. alicastrumandS. purpurea, and the southwestern forest and northeastern homegarden ofC. dodecandra. The sexual reproduction, biotic interactions, and extensive management ofB. alicastrumandC. dodecandrain the agroforestry and the urban systems may contribute to connectivity between wild and domesticated populations, while inS. purpureathis connectivity is interrupted by the clonal propagation of the species in the homegardens.
Mechanics of Arboreal Locomotion in Swinhoe’s Striped Squirrels: A Potential Model for Early Euarchontoglires
Authors: Wölfer Jan , Aschenbach Tina , Michel Jenny , Nyakatura John A.
Published: April 2021

Differences between arboreal and terrestrial supports likely pose less contrasting functional demands on the locomotor system at a small body size. For arboreal mammals of small body size, asymmetrical gaits have been demonstrated to be advantageous to increase dynamic stability. Many of the extant arboreal squirrel-related rodents display a small body size, claws on all digits, and limited prehensility, a combination that was proposed to have characterized the earliest Euarchontoglires. Thus, motion analysis of such a modern analog could shed light onto the early locomotor evolution of eurarchontoglirans. In this study, we investigated how Swinhoe’s striped squirrels (Tamiops swinhoei; Scuiromorpha) adjust their locomotion when faced with different orientations on broad supports and simulated small branches. We simultaneously recorded high-Hz videos (501 trials) and support reaction forces (451 trials) of squirrels running on two types of instrumented trackways installed at either a 45° incline (we recorded locomotion on inclines and declines) or with a horizontal orientation. The striped squirrels almost exclusively used asymmetrical gaits with a preference for full bounds. Locomotion on simulated branches did not differ substantially from locomotion on the flat trackway. We interpreted several of the quantified adjustments on declines and inclines (in comparison to horizontal supports) as mechanisms to increase stability (e.g., by minimizing toppling moments) and as adjustments to the differential loading of fore- and hind limbs on inclined supports. Our data, in addition to published comparative data and similarities to the locomotion of other small arboreal rodents, tree shrews, and primates as well as a likely small body size at the crown-group node of Euarchontoglires, render a preference for asymmetrical gaits in early members of the clade plausible. This contributes to our understanding of the ancestral lifestyle of this mammalian ‘superclade’.
The Critical Importance of Old World Fruit Bats for Healthy Ecosystems and Economies
Authors: Aziz Sheema Abdul , McConkey Kim R. , Tanalgo Krizler , Sritongchuay Tuanjit , Low Mary-Ruth , Yong Joon Yee , Mildenstein Tammy L. , Nuevo-Diego Christine Ely , Lim Voon-Ching , Racey Paul A.
Published: April 2021

Despite extensive documentation of the ecological and economic importance of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) and the many threats they face from humans, negative attitudes towards pteropodids have persisted, fuelled by perceptions of bats as being pests and undesirable neighbours. Such long-term negativity towards bats is now further exacerbated by more recent disease-related concerns, particularly associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic. There remains an urgent need to investigate and highlight the positive and beneficial aspects of bats across the Old World. While previous reviews have summarised these extensively, numerous new studies conducted over the last 36 years have provided further valuable data and insights which warrant an updated review. Here we synthesise research on pteropodid-plant interactions, comprising diet, ecological roles, and ecosystem services, conducted during 1985-2020. We uncovered a total of 311 studies covering 75 out of the known 201 pteropodid species (37%), conducted in 47 countries. The majority of studies documented diet (52% of all studies; 67 pteropodid species), followed by foraging movement (49%; 50 pteropodid species), with fewer studies directly investigating the roles played by pteropodids in seed dispersal (24%; 41 pteropodid species), pollination (14%; 19 pteropodid species), and conflict with fruit growers (12%; 11 pteropodid species). Pteropodids were recorded feeding on 1072 plant species from 493 genera and 148 families, with fruits comprising the majority of plant parts consumed, followed by flowers/nectar/pollen, leaves, and other miscellaneous parts. Sixteen pteropodid species have been confirmed to act as pollinators for a total of 21 plant species, and 29 pteropodid species have been confirmed to act as seed dispersers for a total of 311 plant species. Anthropogenic threats disrupting bat-plant interactions in the Old World include hunting, direct persecution, habitat loss/disturbance, invasive species, and climate change, leading to ecosystem-level repercussions. We identify notable research gaps and important research priorities to support conservation action for pteropodids.
Identification and Characterization of Osmoregulation Related MicroRNAs in Gills of Hybrid Tilapia Under Three Types of Osmotic Stress
Authors: Su Huanhuan , Fan Jiajia , Ma Dongmei , Zhu Huaping
Published: April 2021

Researchers have increasingly suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and protein translation in organs and respond to abiotic and biotic stressors. To understand the function of miRNAs in osmotic stress regulation of the gills of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus ♀ × Oreochromis urolepis hornorum ♂), high-throughput Illumina deep sequencing technology was used to investigate the expression profiles of miRNAs under salinity stress (S, 25‰), alkalinity stress (A, 4‰) and salinity–alkalinity stress (SA, S: 15‰, A: 4‰) challenges. The results showed that 31, 41, and 27 upregulated and 33, 42, and 40 downregulated miRNAs (P < 0.05) were identified in the salt stress, alkali stress, and saline–alkali stress group, respectively, which were compared with those in the control group (C). Fourteen significantly differently expressed miRNAs were selected randomly and then validated by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. On the basis of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, genes related to osmoregulation and biosynthesis were enriched in the three types of osmotic stress. In addition, three miRNAs and three predicted target genes were chosen to conduct a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the hybrid tilapia and its parents during 96-h osmotic stress. Differential expression patterns of miRNAs provided the basis for research data to further investigate the miRNA-modulating networks in osmoregulation of teleost.
Understanding Omics Driven Plant Improvement and de novo Crop Domestication: Some Examples
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Vinay , Suresh Srinivas , Ramrao Devade Pandurang , Veershetty Akash , Kumar Sharan , Priscilla Kagolla , Hangargi BhagyaShree , Narasanna Rahul , Pandey Manish Kumar , Naik Gajanana Ramachandra , Thomas Sherinmol , Kumar Anirudh
Published: April 2021

In the current era, one of biggest challenges is to shorten the breeding cycle for rapid generation of a new crop variety having high yield capacity, disease resistance, high nutrient content, etc. Advances in the “-omics” technology have revolutionized the discovery of genes and bio-molecules with remarkable precision, resulting in significant development of plant-focused metabolic databases and resources. Metabolomics has been widely used in several model plants and crop species to examine metabolic drift and changes in metabolic composition during various developmental stages and in response to stimuli. Over the last few decades, these efforts have resulted in a significantly improved understanding of the metabolic pathways of plants through identification of several unknown intermediates. This has assisted in developing several new metabolically engineered important crops with desirable agronomic traits, and has facilitated thede novodomestication of new crops for sustainable agriculture and food security. In this review, we discuss how “omics” technologies, particularly metabolomics, has enhanced our understanding of important traits and allowed speedy domestication of novel crop plants.
Enhanced Identification of Novel Potential Variants for Appendicular Lean Mass by Leveraging Pleiotropy With Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Peng Cheng , Liu Feng , Su Kuan-Jui , Lin Xu , Song Yu-Qian , Shen Jie , Hu Shi-Di , Chen Qiao-Cong , Yuan Hui-Hui , Li Wen-Xi , Zeng Chun-Ping , Deng Hong-Wen , Lou Hui-Ling
Published: April 2021

Strong relationships have been found between appendicular lean mass (ALM) and bone mineral density (BMD). It may be due to a shared genetic basis, termed pleiotropy. By leveraging the pleiotropy with BMD, the aim of this study was to detect more potential genetic variants for ALM. Using the conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) methodology, a combined analysis of the summary statistics of two large independent genome wide association studies (GWAS) of ALM (n = 73,420) and BMD (n = 10,414) was conducted. Strong pleiotropic enrichment and 26 novel potential pleiotropic SNPs were found for ALM and BMD. We identified 156 SNPs for ALM (cFDR <0.05), of which 74 were replicates of previous GWASs and 82 were novel SNPs potentially-associated with ALM. Eleven genes annotated by 31 novel SNPs (13 pleiotropic and 18 ALM specific) were partially validated in a gene expression assay. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that genes corresponding to the novel potential SNPs were enriched in GO terms and/or KEGG pathways that played important roles in muscle development and/or BMD metabolism (adjP <0.05). In protein–protein interaction analysis, rich interactions were demonstrated among the proteins produced by the corresponding genes. In conclusion, the present study, as in other recent studies we have conducted, demonstrated superior efficiency and reliability of the cFDR methodology for enhanced detection of trait-associated genetic variants. Our findings shed novel insight into the genetic variability of ALM in addition to the shared genetic basis underlying ALM and BMD.