bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Capacity of Rapeseed Extracts Obtained by Conventional and Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction
Authors: Szydłowska‐Czerniak Aleksandra , Tułodziecka Agnieszka
Published: November 2014

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and conventional solid–liquid extraction were applied to extract total antioxidants from two rapeseed varieties. The antioxidant capacities (AC) of winter and spring rapeseed cultivars were determined by four different analytical methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS). The average AC of the studied rapeseed cultivars ranged between 4.21–10.03 mmol Trolox (TE)/100 g, 7.82–10.61 mmol TE/100 g, 8.11–51.59 mmol TE/100 g, 22.48–43.13 mmol TE/100 g for FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. There are positive correlations between total phenolics (TPC = 804–1625 mg sinapic acid (SA)/100 g) and AC of the studied rapeseed extracts (r = 0.2650–0.9931). Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) indicate that there are differences between the total amounts of antioxidants in rapeseed samples extracted by different extraction techniques. Rapeseed extracts obtained after 18 min of ultrasonication revealed the highest content of total antioxidants. The UAE is a very useful, efficient and rapid technique of oilseed samples preparation for determination of AC by different analytical methods.
A proof of Alexandrov's uniqueness theorem for convex surfaces in \( R^{3} \)
Authors: Guan Pengfei , Wang Zhizhang , Zhang Xiangwen
Published: October 2014

We give a new proof of a classical uniqueness theorem of Alexandrov [4] using the weak uniqueness continuation theorem of Bers–Nirenberg [8]. We prove a version of this theorem with the minimal regularity assumption: the spherical Hessians of the corresponding convex bodies as Radon measures are nonsingular.
Statin-associated Autoimmune Myopathies: A Pathophysiologic Spectrum
Authors: Wu Yufan , Lach Boleslaw , Provias John P. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Baker Steven K.
Published: October 2014

Background

Statins have recently been reported to cause a rare autoimmune inflammatory and/or necrotic myopathy that begins or persists after drug cessation.

Methods

We report on 26 patients seen at a neuromuscular centre between 2005 and 2011 who demonstrated muscle weakness/myalgias and creatine kinase elevations during or after statin treatment with continuation of signs and symptoms despite statin withdrawal.

Results

All patients were treated with immunosuppressive therapy with good response; all improved biochemically and 86% improved clinically. Sixty-five percent of patients who attempted to taper off immunosuppressive therapy relapsed. We report on a novel finding whereby five of the seven patients who underwent multiple biopsies throughout their disease demonstrated a transformation of their histological diagnosis, with four progressing from having myofibre necrosis with minimal or no inflammation to a diagnosis of polymyositis.

Conclusions

This study offers preliminary evidence that statin-associated necrotizing myopathy and statin-associated polymyositis may not be separate entities but are part of the same pathophysiological spectrum. Both entities respond well to immunosuppression.
Eosinophil Infiltrates in Pilocytic Astrocytomas of Children and Young Adults
Authors: Lu Jian-Qiang , Rashidipour Omid , Wilson Beverly A. , Jack Andrew S. , Pugh Jeffrey , Mehta Vivek
Published: October 2014

Objective

Eosinophils may affect each stage of tumour development. Many studies have suggested that tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) is associated with favourable prognosis in some malignant tumours. However, only a few studies exist on TATE in central nervous system (CNS) tumours. Our recent study exhibited eosinophils in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (AT/RTs), pediatric malignant CNS tumours with divergent differentiation. This study examines eosinophils in pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs).

Methods

The study included 44 consecutive cases of patients with PAs and no concurrent CNS inflammatory disease.

Results

We found eosinophils in 19 (43%) of 44 PAs (patient age range, 0.5-72 years). Eosinophils were intratumoural and clearly distinguishable. The density of eosinophils was rare to focally scattered. PAs containing eosinophils were located throughout the CNS. Furthermore, eosinophilic infiltration was identified in 18 (62%) of 29 pediatric (age range, 0.5-18 years) PAs but only 1 (7%) of 15 (p<0.001, significantly less) adult (age range, 20-72 years) PAs. Eosinophilic infiltration showed no significant differences between PAs with and without MRI cystic formation, surgical procedures, or PAs with and without leptomeningeal infiltration. In comparison, eosinophils were absent in 10 pediatric (age range, 0.5-15 years) ependymomas (or anaplastic ependymomas).

Conclusions

These results suggest that eosinophils are common in pediatric PAs but rare in adult PAs. This difference is probably related to the developing immune system and different tumour-specific antigens in children. TATE may play a functional role in the development of pediatric PAs, as well as some other pediatric CNS tumours such as AT/RTs.
Hoarding pet animals in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Campos-Lima André L. , Torres Albina R. , Yücel Murat , Harrison Ben J. , Moll Jorge , Ferreira Gabriela M. , Fontenelle Leonardo F.
Published: October 2014

Background

Although severe hoarding symptoms have been considered rare among obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) samples, the prevalence of animal hoarding in OCD is unknown. To help clarifying this issue, we searched for cases of animal hoarding among patients attending a university OCD clinic (n=420).

Methods

Chart review.

Results

Only two patients from our sample exhibited animal hoarding (<0.5%) and only one of them presented additional obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Both cases also collected inanimate objects, presented low insight, exhibited poor response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and did not adhere to therapy.

Conclusions

There seems to be a lack of relationship between animal hoarding and OCD. However, further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to better define their psychopathological profile and more appropriate nosological insertion.
Dense neighborhoods and mechanisms of learning: evidence from children with phonological delay
Authors: GIERUT JUDITH A. , MORRISETTE MICHELE L.
Published: October 2014

There is a noted advantage of dense neighborhoods in language acquisition, but the learning mechanism that drives the effect is not well understood. Two hypotheses – long-term auditory word priming and phonological working memory – have been advanced in the literature as viable accounts. These were evaluated in two treatment studies enrolling twelve children with phonological delay. Study 1 exposed children to dense neighbors versus non-neighbors before training sound production in evaluation of the priming hypothesis. Study 2 exposed children to the same stimuli after training sound production as a test of the phonological working memory hypothesis. Results showed that neighbors led to greater phonological generalization than non-neighbors, but only when presented prior to training production. There was little generalization and no differential effect of exposure to neighbors or non-neighbors after training production. Priming was thus supported as a possible mechanism of learning behind the dense neighborhood advantage in phonological acquisition.
Behavioural response in educated young adults towards influenza A(H1N1)pdm09
Authors: CHEN S. C. , HSIEH N. H. , YOU S. H. , WANG C. H. , LIAO C. M.
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this paper was to determine how contact behaviour change influences the indoor transmission of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 among school children. We incorporated transmission rate matrices constructed from questionnaire responses into an epidemiological model to simulate contact behaviour change during an influenza epidemic. We constructed a dose–response model describing the relationships between contact rate, viral load, and respiratory symptom scores using published experimental human infection data for A(H1N1)pdm09. Findings showed that that mean numbers of contacts were 5·66 ± 6·23 and 1·96 ± 2·76 d−1in the 13–19 and 40–59 years age groups, respectively. We found that the basic reproduction number (R0) was <1 during weekends in pandemic periods, implying that school closures or class suspensions are probably an effective social distancing policy to control pandemic influenza transmission. We conclude that human contact behaviour change is a potentially influential factor on influenza infection rates. For substantiation of this effect, we recommend a future study with more comprehensive control measures.
The process of palliative sedation as viewed by physicians and nurses working in palliative care in Brazil
Authors: Spineli Vívian Marina Calixto Damasceno , Kurashima Andrea Yamaguchi , De Gutiérrez Maria Gaby Rivero
Published: October 2014

Objective:

Our aim was to describe the process of palliative sedation from the point of view of physicians and nurses working in palliative care in Brazil.

Method:

Ours was a descriptive study conducted between May and December of 2011, with purposeful snowball sampling of 32 physicians and 29 nurses working in facilities in Brazil that have adopted the practice of palliative care.

Results:

The symptoms prioritized for an indication of palliative sedation were dyspnea, delirium, and pain. Some 65.6% of respondents believed that the survival time of a patient in the final phase was not a determining factor for the indication of this measure, and that the patient, family, and healthcare team should participate in the decision-making process. For 42.6% of these professionals, the opinion of the family was the main barrier to an indication of this therapy.

Significance of results:

The opinion of the physicians and nurses who participated in this study converged with the principal national and international guidelines on palliative sedation. However, even though it is a therapy that has been adopted in palliative care, it remains a controversial practice.
EV71 vaccine, an invaluable gift for children
Authors: Liang Zhenglun , Wang Junzhi
Published: October 2014

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major pathogen for severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Development of vaccines against EV71 would be the most effective approach to prevent the EV71 outbreak. Research and development (R&D) of EV71 vaccine was carried out in several Asian countries. Currently three companies in mainland China have completed Phase III clinical trials of inactivated EV71 whole‐virus vaccines, whereas the other two companies have completed Phase I clinical trials separately in Taiwan and in Singapore. Results from those clinical trials have indicated high safety and immunogenicity of EV71 vaccine. Protective efficacies were over 90% on EV71‐associated HFMD and over 80% on other EV71‐associated diseases. In this paper, we summarize the results from three EV71 vaccine Phase III clinical trials and discuss the challenges of incorporating EV71 vaccine into Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in countries with EV71 epidemics.
Correlating enzyme density, conformation and activity on nanoparticle surfaces in highly functional bio-nanocomposites
Authors: Saha Bedabrata , Saikia Jiban , Das Gopal
Published: October 2014

A quantitative correlation between the structure–functional relationship and the density of immobilized enzyme on nanoparticle surfaces has been established.
Determination of cadmium in Zircaloys by electrolyte cathode discharge atomic emission spectrometry (ELCAD-AES)
Authors: Manjusha R. , Reddy M. A. , Shekhar R. , Kumar Sunil Jai
Published: October 2014

Variation of the emission signal of Cd with different volume ratios of formic acid. Error values (n = 4) are standard deviation values.
Tetraiodoethynyl resorcinarene cavitands as multivalent halogen bond donors
Authors: Turunen L. , Beyeh N. K. , Pan F. , Valkonen A. , Rissanen K.
Published: October 2014

The first examples of iodoethynyl resorcinarene cavitands as rigid 3D halogen bond (XB) donor molecules are presented. These concave macrocycles form strong, RXB = 0.78–0.83, halogen bonds with dioxane oxygen, pyridine nitrogen and a bromide anion in tetraproropyl ammonium bromide resulting in deep cavity cavitand structures.
Influence of gold additives on the stability and phase transformation of titanate nanostructures
Authors: Pusztai P. , Puskás R. , Varga E. , Erdőhelyi A. , Kukovecz Á. , Kónya Z. , Kiss J.
Published: October 2014

Au is stabilized on titanate nanowires partially in positively charged gold form and also as Au clusters. Au loaded nanotubes loose their tubular morphology and are readily transformed into anatase. On the other hand, gold stabilizes the layered structure of titanate nanowires.
The accurate calculation of the band gap of liquid water by means of GW corrections applied to plane-wave density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Fang Changming , Li Wun-Fan , Koster Rik S. , Klimeš Jiří , van Blaaderen Alfons , van Huis Marijn A.
Published: October 2014

Knowledge about the intrinsic electronic properties of water is imperative for understanding the behaviour of aqueous solutions that are used throughout biology, chemistry, physics, and industry.
A cyano-bridged tubular coordination polymer with dominant ferromagnetic interactions
Authors: Zhuang Peng-Fei , Liu Tao , Xie Xian-Hui , He Cheng , Duan Chun-Ying
Published: October 2014

Utilizing [FeII(bipy)(CN)4]2−as the building block to react with MnII, we successfully synthesized a tubular coordination polymer with dominant ferromagnetic interactions. Moreover, the framework shows high thermal stability.
Competitive formation of DNA linkage isomers by a trinuclear platinum complex and the influence of pre-association
Authors: Moniodis Joseph J. , Thomas Donald S. , Davies Murray S. , Berners-Price Susan J. , Farrell Nicholas P.
Published: October 2014

The trinuclear platinum drug BB3464 pre-associates in the minor groove at two different sites on a 14-mer duplex and this dictates the nature of the adducts formed in both 5′-5′ and 3′-3′ directions.
Does powder and granular activated carbon perform equally in immobilizing chlorobenzenes in soil?
Authors: Song Yang , Wang Fang , Kengara Fredrick Orori , Bian Yongrong , Yang Xinglun , Gu Chenggang , Ye Mao , Jiang Xin
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study is to compare the efficacies of powder activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) as amendments for the immobilization of volatile compounds in soil. Soil artificially-spiked with chlorobenzenes (CBs) was amended with either PAC or GAC to obtain an application rate of 1%.
One pot domino reaction accessing γ-nitroesters: synthesis of GABA derivatives
Authors: Naciuk Fabricio F. , Vargas Debora Z. , D'Oca Caroline R. M. , Moro Celso C. , Russowsky Dennis
Published: October 2014

γ-Nitroesters are synthesized by theone potdomino process. GABA derivatives phenibut and baclofen were readily accessed.
Model foldamers: applications and structures of stable macrocyclic peptides identified using in vitro selection
Authors: Jongkees Seino A. K. , Hipolito Christopher J. , Rogers Joseph M. , Suga Hiroaki
Published: October 2014

A survey of crystal- and solution-structure information for macrocyclic peptides, illustrating common folding patterns and target binding effects.
Interfacial catalysis of aldol reactions by prolinamide surfactants in reverse micelles
Authors: Arivalagan Premkumar Rathinam , Zhao Yan
Published: October 2014

Aggregation of prolinamide surfactants in nonpolar solvents enhanced their catalytic activity and gave unusual substrate selectivity in aldol condensations.
Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for simultaneous cancer near-infrared imaging and targeting photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhao Xueling , Chen Zongyan , Zhao Hongli , Zhang Denghao , Tao Liang , Lan Minbo
Published: October 2014

In this work, a multifunctional drug delivery system was developed for potential application in NIR fluorescence imaging and targeting PDT.
Synthesis and properties of single crystal TbMn2O5 nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Peikai , Cui Yimin
Published: October 2014

Single crystal nanowire clusters of multiferroic material TbMn2O5 were obtained through a simple two-step method.
Removal of disperse violet 28 from water using self-assembled organo-layered double hydroxides through a one-step process
Authors: Li Yan , Bi Hao-Yu , Jin Yong-Sheng , Shi Xiao-Qin
Published: October 2014

A simple one-step process involving the self-assembly of organo-LDH and the removal of non-ionic dyes from dyeing wastewater was realized.
Investigation into the reactivity of 16-electron complexes Cp#Co(S2C2B10H10) (Cp# = Cp, Cp*) towards methyl diazoacetate and toluenesulphonyl azide
Authors: Zhong Wei , Xie Mingshi , Li Yizhi , Yan Hong
Published: October 2014

A three-component reaction of the 16-electron half-sandwich complex Cp*Co(S2C2B10H10) (2) with both methyl diazoacetate (MDA) and toluenesulphonyl azide (TsN3) led to the formation of complexes 3 and 4, while a two-component reaction of complex 2 with MDA afforded products 5–7.
Tyrosine-derived stimuli responsive, fluorescent amino acids
Authors: Cheruku Pradeep , Huang Jen-Huang , Yen Hung-Ju , Iyer Rashi S. , Rector Kirk D. , Martinez Jennifer S. , Wang Hsing-Lin
Published: October 2014

A series of fluorescent unnatural amino acids (UAAs) bearing stilbene and meta-phenylenevinylene (m-PPV) backbone have been synthesized by palladium-catalyzed Heck couplings.
Distinguishing Between Casual Talk and Academic Talk Beginning in the Preschool Years: An Important Consideration for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: van Kleeck Anne
Published: October 2014

Purpose

The need for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to consider an academic talk (AT) register in addition to an everyday casual talk (CT) register of oral language with children beginning in the preschool years is presented, the AT and CT registers are distinguished in a comprehensive manner, ideas regarding AT language assessment are proposed, and suggestions for fostering children's skills with the AT register are offered.

Method

Extant research and scholarship from a wide variety of disciplines are integrated and organized.

Results

The author discusses the role of the SLP in supporting AT skills beginning in the preschool years and the added risk of difficulties with the AT register for children with language impairment who are from diverse backgrounds. Two broad categories—social-interactive and cognitive—that give rise to linguistic features that differentiate between the CT and AT registers are deduced from extant scholarship.

Conclusions

SLPs should consider children's competence with the AT register as they work to prepare preschoolers and older children for the language demands of school.
Open‐loop precoder for spatial multiplexing in MIMO channels with phase correlation
Authors: Jang Jungyup , Kim Dong Ho , Lee Ye Hoon
Published: October 2014

An open‐loop precoder, which does not require any feedback channel information, is proposed to enhance the performance of spatial multiplexing in transmit‐correlated multi‐input–multi‐output (MIMO) channels. Different from previous open‐loop precoders based only on the amplitude parameter of channel correlation, the proposed precoder, designed with both amplitude and phase parameters, is more suitable for practical environments. The proposed scheme performs better than previous schemes in MIMO channels with random phase correlation.
Retrospective Study of Facial Nerve Function following Temporomandibular Joint Arthroplasty Using the Endaural Approach
Authors: Liu Frederick , Giannakopoulos Helen , Quinn Peter D. , Granquist Eric J.
Published: October 2014

The aim of this retrospective case–control study is to evaluate the incidence of facial nerve injury associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroplasty using the endaural approach for the treatment of TMJ pathology. The sample consisted of 36 consecutive patients who underwent TMJ arthroplasty. A total of 39 approaches were performed through an endaural incision. Patients undergoing total joint replacement and/or with preexisting facial nerve dysfunction were excluded from the study. Five patients were lost to follow-up and were excluded from the study. Facial nerve function of all patients was clinically evaluated by resident physicians preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up appointments. Facial nerve injury was determined to have occurred if the patient was unable to raise the eyebrow or wrinkle the forehead (temporalis branch), completely close the eyelids (zygomatic branch), or frown (marginal mandibular branch). Twenty-one of the 36 patients or 22 of the 39 approaches showed signs of facial nerve dysfunction following TMJ arthroplasty. This included 12 of the 21 patients who had undergone previous TMJ surgery. The most common facial nerve branch injured was the temporal branch, which was dysfunctional in all patients either as the only branch injured or in combination with other branches. By the 18th postoperative month, normal function had returned in 19 of the 22 TMJ approaches. Three of the 22 TMJ approaches resulted in persistent signs of facial nerve weakness 6 months after the surgery. This epidemiological study revealed a low incidence of permanent facial nerve dysfunction. A high incidence of temporary facial nerve dysfunction was seen with TMJ arthroplasty using the endaural approach. Current literature reveals that the incidence of facial nerve injury associated with open TMJ surgery ranges from 12.5 to 32%. The temporal branch of the facial nerve was most commonly affected, followed by 4 of the 22 approaches with temporary zygomatic branch weakness. Having undergone previous TMJ surgery did not increase the incidence of facial nerve injury using the endaural approach. This information is important for patients and surgeons in the postoperative period, as a majority of patients will experience recovery of nerve function.
Separation in the mixed convection boundary-layer radial flow over a constant temperature horizontal plate
Authors: Fernandez-Feria R. , del Pino C. , Fernández-Gutiérrez A.
Published: October 2014

The boundary-layer flow of a horizontal current emerging radially from a cylindrical vertical surface of radius r0 with a constant velocity over a heated horizontal wall at constant temperature is analyzed. The boundary-layer equations are made dimensionless with a radial characteristic length in which natural and forced convection become of the same order of magnitude, so that the Prandtl (Pr) number and Gr2/Re5 are the only nondimensional parameters governing the problem, where Gr and Re are the Grashof and Reynolds numbers based on r0, respectively. A similarity solution valid at the leading edge of the boundary-layer flow is obtained. It contains, as the first order correction to Blasius' thermal boundary layer solution, the effect of buoyancy, and as the second order correction the effect of the radial divergence of the flow. This solution is used to start the numerical integration of the equations to provide a criterion for when separation occurs. It is found that separation, based on the boundary layer model, occurs for Gr < B(Pr)Re5/2, where the Prandtl's number function B is characterized numerically and found to be almost constant. This separation location law is compared with experimental results for air flowing over a heated horizontal plate at constant temperature, finding a qualitative good agreement.
Optimization of direct current performance in terahertz InGaAs/InP double-heterojunction bipolar transistors
Authors: Chiang Han-Wei , Rode Johann C. , Choudhary Prateek , Rodwell Mark J. W.
Published: October 2014

As the dimensions of In0.53Ga0.47As/InP double-heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) scale for terahertz applications, the DC current (β) decreases. To improve the DC performance in such scaled devices, we analyze three modified HBT geometries: a HBT with a surface pulse-doped layer in the base, a HBT having this pulse-doped layer under the emitter junction and under the base contact, but with it removed by etching in the region between the base and emitter contacts, and a device, necessarily fabricated by regrowth, in which the pulsed doped layer is present under only the base contacts. Based on a drift-diffusion/recombination model, carrier transport in the DHBT base is simulated and the corresponding β is computed using TCAD software. The structures with a pulse doped layer can attain β = 31 ∼ 39 at 100 nm emitter width. The structures with a trench between the base contact and emitter show β = 39 ∼ 54 at 100 nm emitter width. Finally, the structure with recessed base-emitter junction and regrown emitter demonstrate β = 62–119 at 100 nm emitter width.
The impact of disorder on charge transport in three dimensional quantum dot resonant tunneling structures
Authors: Puthen-Veettil B. , Patterson R. , König D. , Conibeer G. , Green M. A.
Published: October 2014

Efficient iso-entropic energy filtering of electronic waves can be realized through nanostructures with three dimensional confinement, such as quantum dot resonant tunneling structures. Large-area deployment of such structures is useful for energy selective contacts but such configuration is susceptible to structural disorders. In this work, the transport properties of quantum-dot-based wide-area resonant tunneling structures, subject to realistic disorder mechanisms, are studied. Positional variations of the quantum dots are shown to reduce the resonant transmission peaks while size variations in the device are shown to reduce as well as broaden the peaks. Increased quantum dot size distribution also results in a peak shift to lower energy which is attributed to large dots dominating transmission. A decrease in barrier thickness reduces the relative peak height while the overall transmission increases dramatically due to lower “series resistance.” While any shift away from ideality can be intuitively expected to reduce the resonance peak, quantification allows better understanding of the tolerances required for fabricating structures based on resonant tunneling phenomena.
Reactive scalar field near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in a planar jet with a second-order chemical reaction
Authors: Watanabe T. , Sakai Y. , Nagata K. , Ito Y. , Hayase T.
Published: October 2014

The reactive scalar field near the turbulent/non-turbulent (T/NT) interface is analyzed using a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a planar jet with an isothermal second-order chemical reaction A + B → P. Reactants A and B are supplied from the jet and ambient flows, respectively. The DNS of the reactive jet is performed for Damköhler numbers Da = 0.1, 1, and 10. A visualization of the T/NT interface shows that most of the product P is contained in the turbulent region. The conditional mean concentrations of the reactive species change sharply near the T/NT interface. The width of the jump in the conditional mean concentration is almost independent of the chemical species and the Damköhler number. For the slow reaction (Da = 0.1), the conditional average of the chemical production rate gradually increases from the non-turbulent region toward the turbulent region. In contrast, the conditional average of the production rate for Da = 1 and 10 has a large peak value slightly inside the T/NT interface. The chemical reaction near the T/NT interface strongly depends on the interface orientation. The reactant A is deficient near the T/NT interface. The production rate is large near the interface toward which the deficient reactant A is frequently transported by the velocity fields. The transport due to the velocity relative to the interface movement strongly depends on the relationship between the interface geometry and the mean flow field. The dependence of the chemical reaction on the interface orientation becomes strong as Da increases. When the interface propagates toward the non-turbulent region, the reactant A and product P are contained in the turbulent region although the molecular diffusion and reaction contribute to the increase in the concentrations of A (non-reactive case) and P in the non-turbulent region. In contrast, the interface propagation toward the turbulent region leaves the fluids containing A and P in the non-turbulent region.
X-pinch dynamics: Neck formation and implosion
Authors: Oreshkin V. I. , Chaikovsky S. A. , Artyomov A. P. , Labetskaya N. A. , Fedunin A. V. , Rousskikh A. G. , Zhigalin A. S.
Published: October 2014

We propose a model that describes the neck formation and implosion in an X-pinch. The process is simulated to go in two stages. The first stage is neck formation. This stage begins with an electrical explosion of the wires forming the X-pinch, and at the end of the stage, a micropinch (neck) is formed in the region where the wires are crossed. The second stage is neck implosion. The implosion is accompanied by outflow of matter from the neck region, resulting in the formation of a “hot spot”. Analytical estimates obtained in the study under consideration indicate that these stages are approximately equal in duration. Having analyzed the neck implosion dynamics, we have verified a scaling which makes it possible to explain the observed dependences of the time of occurrence of an x-ray pulse on the X-pinch current and mass.
Interactions between surface discharges induced by volume discharges in a dielectric barrier discharge system
Authors: Gao Yenan , Pan Yuyang , Dong Lifang , Zhao Longhu , Li Ben , Wang Yongjie
Published: October 2014

The interaction between micro-discharges involved in surface discharges (SDs) is studied in dielectric barrier discharge system. Instantaneous images taken by high speed cameras show that the SDs are induced by volume discharges (VDs). They cannot cross the midperpendicular of two neighbouring volume charges at low voltage while they stretch along it at high voltage, indicating that there is interaction between SDs. The differences of plasma parameters between SD and VD are studied by optical emission spectroscopy. The simulation of the electric fields of the wall charges accumulated by VD further confirms the existence of the interaction.
Nonlinear motion and mechanical mixing in as-grown GaAs nanowires
Authors: Braakman F. R. , Cadeddu D. , Tütüncüoglu G. , Matteini F. , Rüffer D. , Fontcuberta i Morral A. , Poggio M.
Published: October 2014

We report nonlinear behavior in the motion of driven nanowire cantilevers. The nonlinearity can be described by the Duffing equation and is used to demonstrate mechanical mixing of two distinct excitation frequencies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the nonlinearity can be used to amplify a signal at a frequency close to the mechanical resonance of the nanowire oscillator. Up to 26 dB of amplitude gain is demonstrated in this way.
Giant self-biased converse magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic heterostructure with single-phase magnetostrictive materials
Authors: Zhang Jitao , Li Ping , Wen Yumei , He Wei , Yang Aichao , Wang Decai , Yang Chao , Lu Caijiang
Published: October 2014

Giant self-biased converse magnetoelectric (CME) effects with obvious hysteretic behaviors are systematically investigated in two-phase SmFe2/PZT [Pb(Zr1−x, Tix)O3] multiferroic laminates at room temperature. Taking advantage of the huge anisotropic field of SmFe2 plate, large remnant CME coupling is provoked by this field instead of permanent magnets to bias the laminate. Consequently, bitable magnetization status switching is realized through a smaller ac voltage far below the electric coercive field in the absence of magnetic bias field. Experiments demonstrate that a large remnant CME coefficient (αCME) of 0.007 mG/V is achieved, exhibiting ∼50 times higher CME coefficient than the previous laminate composite multi-phase magnetostrictive plates. These results provide promising applications for realization of high-density magnetoelectric random access memories (MERAMs) devices with lower energy consumption.
Computational investigations of the mixing performance inside liquid slugs generated by a microfluidic T-junction
Authors: Li Yuehao , Reddy Rupesh K. , Kumar Challa S. S. R. , Nandakumar Krishnaswamy
Published: October 2014

Droplet-based microfluidics has gained extensive research interest as it overcomes several challenges confronted by conventional single-phase microfluidics. The mixing performance inside droplets/slugs is critical in many applications such as advanced material syntheses and in situ kinetic measurements. In order to understand the effects of operating conditions on the mixing performance inside liquid slugs generated by a microfluidic T-junction, we have adopted the volume of fluid method coupled with the species transport model to study and quantify the mixing efficiencies inside slugs. Our simulation results demonstrate that an efficient mixing process is achieved by the intimate collaboration of the twirling effect and the recirculating flow. Only if the reagents are distributed transversely by the twirling effect, the recirculating flow can bring in convection mechanism thus facilitating mixing. By comparing the mixing performance inside slugs at various operating conditions, we find that slug size plays the key role in influencing the mixing performance as it determines the amount of fluid to be distributed by the twirling effect. For the cases where short slugs are generated, the mixing process is governed by the fast convection mechanism because the twirling effect can distribute the fluid to the flow path of the recirculating flow effectively. For cases with long slugs, the mixing process is dominated by the slow diffusion mechanism since the twirling effect is insufficient to distribute the large amount of fluid. In addition, our results show that increasing the operating velocity has limited effects on improving the mixing performance. This study provides the insight of the mixing process and may benefit the design and operations of droplet-based microfluidics.
A multi-scale analysis of the impact of pressure on melting of crystalline phase change material germanium telluride
Authors: Liu Jie
Published: October 2014

The impact of the moderate pressure (about 100 GPa) on the melting of crystalline (c-) phase change material (PCM) germanium telluride (GeTe) is analyzed, by combining the heat transfer equation in the PCM device scale (101–102 nm and beyond), and the ab initio molecular dynamics and the nudged elastic band simulations in the atomistic scale (10−1–100 nm). The multi-scale analysis unravels that a pressure P = 1.0 GPa can increase the melting temperature of c-GeTe and the PCM device “reset” operation energy consumption by 6%–7%. It is shown that the melting temperature increase originates from the pressure-induced raise of the energy barrier of the umbrella-flip transition of the Ge atom from the octahedral symmetry site to the tetrahedral symmetry site. It is revealed that when P > 1.0 GPa, which is normal in PCM devices, the “reset” energy will be increased even by more. Based on the analysis, suggestions to alleviate pressure-induced raise of melting temperature and “reset” energy are provided.
Sexually dimorphic expression ofMafbregulates masculinization of the embryonic urethral formation
Authors: Suzuki Kentaro , Numata Tomokazu , Suzuki Hiroko , Raga Dennis Diana , Ipulan Lerrie Ann , Yokoyama Chikako , Matsushita Shoko , Hamada Michito , Nakagata Naomi , Nishinakamura Ryuichi , Kume Shoen , Takahashi Satoru , Yamada Gen
Published: November 2014

Significance

Androgen is essential for the masculinization of external genitalia such as the organ size and the male-type urethra in mammals. However, the genes downstream of androgen, which are responsible for these masculinization processes, have not been identified. Here, we show v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (Mafb) as an essential masculinization gene for embryonic urethral formation.Mafbexpression is prominent in developing male external genitalia, driving masculinization of embryonic urethral formation in an androgen-dependent manner. External genitalia ofMafbKO males exhibit urethral defects, giving insight into human hypospadias. The current findings indicate thatMafbis a crucial mediator of urethral masculinization and is a possible new candidate gene for hypospadias derived from embryonic abnormalities.
Interleukin 10 modulation of pathogenic Th17 cells during fatal alphavirus encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kulcsar Kirsten A. , Baxter Victoria K. , Greene Ivorlyne P. , Griffin Diane E.
Published: November 2014

Significance

Mosquito-borne alphaviruses are important causes of epidemic encephalomyelitis. The immune response plays an important role in disease; however, immune-mediated mechanisms of pathogenesis and regulation are not understood. In this study, we determined that a pathogenic Th17 response occurs during fatal alphavirus encephalitis. Furthermore, the regulatory cytokine, interleukin 10, plays an important role in modulating the pathogenic Th17 response. In the absence of interleukin 10, the Th17 response is increased in magnitude and displays a more pathogenic phenotype, resulting in accelerated disease progression. These findings are important for understanding the pathogenesis of virus infections in the central nervous system and the identification of therapeutic interventions that focus on immune modulation in the central nervous system.
Speaking in the face of disintegration
Authors: Temko Christine
Published: October 2014

In its analysis of Cormac McCarthy’s novel The Road, the present article aims to establish that, despite the bleakness of the deathscape portrayed, McCarthy nevertheless did not intend for violence to get the final word. Through a discussion of the dialogues of the novel, this article explores to what extent they may indeed be qualified as dialogical. Moreover, examining the instances in which language as communication becomes a problem in light of both the concerns and the mechanisms of playwrights of the absurd Beckett and Pinter, it intends to show that even though the referents of human culture appear to have vanished close to entirely from the face of The Road’s earth, sociability and empathy nonetheless manage to survive. Keywords: Cormac McCarthy; The Road; Absurdism; Samuel Beckett; Harold Pinter
‘Author (date)’ constructions in academic discourse
Authors: Li Shuguang , Panther Klaus-Uwe
Published: October 2014

This article elucidates the semantics and pragmatics of a genre-specific nominal pattern with a definite referring function, the ‘Author (date)’ construction, which is widely used in scientific discourse. We investigate the conceptual structure and pragmatic use of this construction in terms of conceptual metonymy and conceptual metaphor theory. The construction exhibits three senses: a literal ‘author’, a metonymic ‘work’, and a metaphorized ‘human agent’ sense (personification). Contextual factors that enable, coerce, or preempt the occurrence of these meanings are identified by means of various grammatical and semantic-pragmatic parameters, such as number agreement, anaphoric constraints, and the meaning of verbs collocating with the construction. Finally, the implications of our theoretical findings for the teaching and learning of academic discourse are considered. Keywords: conceptual metonymy; conceptual metaphor; genre-specific construction; personification; teaching and learning of academic discourse
Parenthetical verbs as a challenge for discourse units
Authors: Rossari Corinne , Gachet Frédéric
Published: October 2014

Our paper deals with some French parentheticals verbs called incise de discours rapporté (IDR). Our purpose is to show how two models of discourse structure, one representing discourse units in a praxeological framework involving syntax and prosody (the macro-syntactic approach of the Groupe de Fribourg 2012), the other in an modular framework which gives primacy to hierarchical organization (the modular approach of Roulet & al. 2001), can shed light on these tricking constructions because of their seemingly ambivalence between syntax and discourse. Both models highlight that the dependency the IDR maintains with the reported clause is of discursive nature, while showing different properties of these constructions: their praxeological functioning on the one hand, and their dialogical organization at the hierarchical level on the other.
Theoretical and computational considerations of linking constructions in Role and Reference Grammar
Authors: Nolan Brian
Published: October 2014

This paper proposes a view of the linguistic construction in Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) in which constructions are posited to be structured grammatical objects with a unique constructional signature that uniquely identifies them. We argue that the construction has an input and an output, and that it contains a local workspace in which the processing of the various lexical and grammatical rules applies, according to the constraints within the constructional object. In recent years there has been a growing recognition that the RRG account of constructions is an under-utilised resource that deserves a wider application to problems in cross-linguistic analysis (Nolan & Diedrichsen, 2013; Nolan & Periñán, 2014). As a functional grammar with strong claims of adequacy, RRG has however had several challenges from Construction Grammar (Butler & Martín Arista, 2009; Goldberg, 2006; Michaelis, 2006, 2010). This paper addresses a number of these challenges. In the view of constructions presented here, the linking over the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic interfaces resides in the body of the construction, and the construction interacts with the lexicon which provides lexical information relevant to the construction. The constructions reside in a construction repository. This model of constructions delivers a means to address the challenges posed to the RRG account of the role and place of constructions within a lexicalist functionalist model of grammar.
Making sense of negated modals in English
Authors: Radden Günter
Published: October 2014

The complexities of the interaction of modality and negation are well-known. They mainly arise from different scopes of negation. Thus, the negation in You mustn’t go has narrow scope while the negation in You can’t go has wide scope. This study adopts a cognitive approach to the issue of scope in negated modality. It examines negated modals within a conceptual matrix developed on the basis of conceptual distinctions that are crucial to modality. The distribution of negated modal verbs within the conceptual matrix reveals which modal concepts are coded in a given language and which ones are not. The study focuses on the system of English negated modals but also compares it to the systems of German, Dutch and Norwegian. In all four languages, the predominant way of negating modals is by using wide-scope negation. German, in fact, wholly relies on wide-scope negation, while English makes use of both scopes of negation. Its mixed nature leads to a number of “irregularities” in the use of modals, which, however, can still be shown to be motivated.
Enriching terminology resources with knowledge-rich contexts
Authors: Marshman Elizabeth
Published: October 2014

While terminological relations are central in terminology work, they are rarely extensively described in large-scale terminology resources. Knowledge-rich contexts (KRCs) describing relations are commonly used in terminological analysis, but less often displayed to resources’ users, who thus lack information useful for understanding and writing in specialized fields. Using some existing resources, including the prototype resource the CREATerminal, we explore the need for terminology resources that highlight KRCs and terminological relations, potential strategies for integrating these items in resources, and initial user reactions to a KRC-enriched resource. We conclude that a smooth interface between basic term record fields and information on terminological relations in the form of KRCs, as well as easy and multi-faceted access and navigation, will help to create useful and user-friendly terminology resources particularly suited to student translators.
The derived category of a GIT quotient
Authors: Halpern-Leistner Daniel
Published: October 2014

Given a quasiprojective algebraic variety with a reductive group action, we describe a relationship between its equivariant derived category and the derived category of its geometric invariant theory quotient. This generalizes classical descriptions of the category of coherent sheaves on projective space and categorifies several results in the theory of Hamiltonian group actions on projective manifolds.

This perspective generalizes and provides new insight into examples of derived equivalences between birational varieties. We provide a criterion under which two different GIT quotients are derived equivalent, and apply it to prove that any two generic GIT quotients of an equivariantly Calabi-Yau projective-over-affine manifold by a torus are derived equivalent.
Bertini irreducibility theorems over finite fields
Authors: Charles François , Poonen Bjorn
Published: October 2014

Given a geometrically irreducible subscheme

X
⊆

P

F

q

n

X \subseteq \mathbb {P}^n_{\mathbb {F}_q}

of dimension at least

2
2

, we prove that the fraction of degree 

d
d

hypersurfaces

H
H

such that

H
∩
X

H \cap X

is geometrically irreducible tends to

1
1

as

d
→
∞

d \to \infty

. We also prove variants in which

X
X

is over an extension of

F

q

\mathbb {F}_q

, and in which the immersion

X
→

P

F

q

n

X \to \mathbb {P}^n_{\mathbb {F}_q}

is replaced by a more general morphism.
Dynamics of hyperbolic iwips
Authors: Uyanik Caglar
Published: October 2014

We present two proofs of the fact, originally due to Reiner Martin, that any fully irreducible hyperbolic element of

O
u
t
(

F
N

)

Out(F_N)

acts on the projectivized space of geodesic currents

P

C
u
r
r
(

F
N

)

\mathbb {P}Curr(F_N)

with uniform north-south dynamics. The first proof, using purely train-track methods, provides an elaborated and corrected version of Reiner Martin’s original approach. The second proof uses the geometric intersection form of Kapovich and Lustig and relies on unique ergodicity results from symbolic dynamics.
Large-scale binding ligand prediction by improved patch-based method Patch-Surfer2.0
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Xiong Yi , Kihara Daisuke
Published: October 2014

Motivation: Ligand binding is a key aspect of the function of many proteins. Thus, binding ligand prediction provides important insight in understanding the biological function of proteins. Binding ligand prediction is also useful for drug design and examining potential drug side effects.

Results: We present a computational method named Patch-Surfer2.0, which predicts binding ligands for a protein pocket. By representing and comparing pockets at the level of small local surface patches that characterize physicochemical properties of the local regions, the method can identify binding pockets of the same ligand even if they do not share globally similar shapes. Properties of local patches are represented by an efficient mathematical representation, 3D Zernike Descriptor. Patch-Surfer2.0 has significant technical improvements over our previous prototype, which includes a new feature that captures approximate patch position with a geodesic distance histogram. Moreover, we constructed a large comprehensive database of ligand binding pockets that will be searched against by a query. The benchmark shows better performance of Patch-Surfer2.0 over existing methods.

Availability and implementation:  http://kiharalab.org/patchsurfer2.0/

Contact:  dkihara@purdue.edu

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.