bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De BMGN en de kennisgeschiedenis
Authors: Davids Karel
Published: July 2021

Kennisgeschiedenis is in de BMGN nu beter vertegenwoordigd dan dertig jaar geleden. Dat betekent niet dat de toenadering tussen kennisgeschiedenis en algemene geschiedenis in dit tijdschrift al volledig is geslaagd, en evenmin dat alle beschikbare kansen zijn benut. Kennisgeschiedenis is in de BMGN geen mainstream geworden, zo wordt in deze bijdrage betoogd, en de toenadering komt tot nu toe vooral van één kant. De mogelijkheden voor kennishistorisch onderzoek over nationale grenzen heen worden bovendien maar mondjesmaat verkend. De meeste artikelen blijven immers tot één helft van de Lage Landen beperkt. Aan de hand van verschillende voorbeelden wordt geïllustreerd welke interessante connecties en belangwekkende vergelijkingen tussen Noord en Zuid zouden kunnen worden onderzocht. De BMGN zou dus voor de kennisgeschiedenis meer kunnen betekenen dan zij in de afgelopen halve eeuw heeft gedaan. History of knowledge is better represented at the BMGN nowadays than it was thirty years ago. This does not mean that a complete rapprochement between history of knowledge and general history has been accomplished in this journal, nor have all available opportunities been explored. History of knowledge has not become a mainstream school of thought in the BMGN, as is argued in this contribution, and to date the effort at rapprochement has been largely one-sided. Moreover, opportunities for research on history of knowledge beyond national borders are explored in very limited measure. After all, most articles continue to address only one half of the Low Countries. Various examples are presented here to illustrate which interesting connections and impressive comparisons could be examined between North and South. The BMGN could thus have done more to promote history of knowledge than it has in the past half century.
The ‘Locals’ and Local Government Bureaucracy: Implication on the Attainment of Developmental Goals in Nigeria
Authors: Braimah Frederick , OHWONA Andrew
Published: July 2021

This study examined the effect of the exclusion of community representatives (locals), local traditional structures and values from the local government bureaucracy and its implication on attaining developmental goals in selected States in Nigeria. The study was situated within the ambits of the Weberian and Marxian bureaucratic theories to consider the subject matter and generate analysis. The study adopted the survey research design with a mixed-method approach to generate both primary and secondary data. Using the multi-stage sampling technique, a total number of nine electoral wards across the three states of Bayelsa, Edo and Rivers were covered. One thousand one hundred ninety (1,190) copies of a self-constructed questionnaire were administered in the study areas. The figure was arrived at with the use of the Taro Yamane method of calculation. Besides, in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants in the selected states. Quantitative data were analysed using Spearman’s Rho Correlation Coefficient, while qualitative data were subjected to both thematic and descriptive methods of data analysis. It was found that community participation and the inclusion of traditional structures and values in the local government bureaucracy could enhance the attainment of developmental goals at the local government levels. It was recommended that the National and State Houses of Assembly in Nigeria amend existing local government laws to restructure the local government bureaucracy to include community representatives at the local government bureaucracies with traditional institutions given specific roles.
Smart-devices in Human Behavior Manipula-tion: Process diagram with exploratory assessment
Authors: Rahman Redoy Akanda Md. Mojibur , Hossain Md. Alamgir
Published: July 2021

Smart devices have become an essential part of human life with a bunch of modern features and facilities. Even in health care, health management, education, and the science sector use intelligent devices for their convenience. With the assertion of its wellness, people forget its downside and treating smart devices as their primary need. Whereas smart devices are tracking and collecting all user movements, including interest, boredom, and daily activity. As the data remain store in vendors' servers, and lightweight smart devices follow weak security, so data leakage also makes the data available to unauthorized parties. This sensitive data uses by vendors and  third-party for business and various purposes to influence and manipulate human behavior by showing content mapping to the collected data. Because of the huge involvement of the user in smart-device, marketing strategy also changed a lot. Digital marketing has been  introduced and become a key to success for many businesses where a particular content/advertisement can be mapped to particular leads. The next move of a user on the internet is shaping by applying numerous strategies based on previously collected data. In the era of smart devices, our personal life and personal data are not remaining personal anymore. This paper illustrates the systematic process of collecting and using data for manipulating human behavior. The raise of human behavior manipulation has been explained and an exploratory survey is imputed to strongly support the research statement.
Carnaval de rua em disputa em Santa Cruz do Sul/RS
Authors: Felippi Ângela Cristina Trevisan , De Oliveira Verushka Goldschmidt Xavier
Published: July 2021

Carnaval faz parte da cultura popular do Brasil. Entretanto, em algumas regiões a festa não recebe tanto destaque quanto em outras. No município de Santa Cruz do Sul, localizado no Vale do Rio Pardo/RS, a realização do tradicional carnaval de rua de escolas de samba e blocos é motivo de disputas entre sociedades carnavalescas, poder público e iniciativa privada. O artigo discute estas disputas por meio do estudo dos dois carnavais de rua que ocorrem na cidade, um, a Descida da Júlio, que surge inicialmente como resistência a alterações no carnaval de rua tradicional propostas pela prefeitura municipal. Outro, o Bailinho de Carnaval da Borges, que nasceu da inovação de empresários locais. Estas duas alternativas são analisadas como meios para discutir as tensões no campo cultural, através da principal festa popular nacional, tendo ao fundo as questões de identidade e o direito à cidade. O artigo se orienta pela teoria dos estudos culturais, em diálogo com a literatura sobre desenvolvimento urbano e regional. Baseia-se em revisão de literatura e análise documental. Os resultados apontam para as fissuras sociais existentes na cidade e os projetos distintos de sociedade. Carnaval; Identidade; Culturas Populares; Direito à cidade.
Casas e descasos. Resistência e indiferenças
Authors: Vaz Filho Pedro Serico
Published: July 2021

Ensaio fotográfico, com dez fotos, que traz como tema questões referentes às desigualdades urbanas, a partir de olhares sobre situações desrespeitosas à cidadania. Ao mesmo tempo acerca da resistência de quem não tem condições mínimas de sobrevivência, como a ausência de um teto, alimentação diária, viabilidade para higiene e saúde. Incluindo a falta de educação aos ambientes comuns, como nos transportes públicos, onde apelos educativos soam de autofalantes e são totalmente ignorados por quem joga lixo no chão, coloca pés em acentos, comete atos de assédios etc.
Culture of freshwater zooplankton Daphnia magna fed with different feed combination
Authors: KHAN MONOWAR ASIF , HASAN MD. MOHIBUL , SUMON KIZAR AHMED , RASHID HARUNUR
Published: July 2021

The study was focused on the culture of freshwater zooplankton Daphnia magna under differentfeed trials. D. magna was collected from a pond and isolated based on its distinct morphologicalcharacteristics. They were cultured in 12 glass jars containing 700 mL of tap water with different feedingregimes: control (tap water only), green water (25 ml/L) (Tg), yeast (50 g/L) + green water (25 ml/L) (Tyg)and yeast (16.6 g/L) + powdered green pea (16.6 g/L) + brown flour (16.6 g/L) (Tygb). Each of the controland feed trials was set up in three replicates. Feeding and population count took place every third day over anexperimental duration of 21 days. The highest population density of D. magna was found in Tyg on day 15,which was 207.1 individuals/L and the lowest was found in control, which was 23.80 individuals/L. Resultsshowed relatively better growth performance of D. magna in mixed feed trials compared to single or ‘nofeed’ trial. Among three feed trials, Tyg incurred the lowest cost compared to others and the cost toproduction ratio was 7.8. The culture technique that have been standardized in the present study could beapplied to fish hatcheries and nurseries in Bangladesh.
Water quality and fish diversity in Korotoa River of Bogura, Bangladesh
Authors: AHATUN SAMINA , ISLAM MD. SIRAJUL , KABIR MD. HUMAYUN , REHNUMA MAUSUMI , HOQ MD. ENAMUL
Published: July 2021

The study was conducted to explore the physicochemical parameters of water, fish diversity andfisheries resources of Korotoa River at Bogura city of Bangladesh during July 2015 to February 2016. Thewater samples were collected from five sampling stations in the Korotoa River during wet and dry seasons.The results of the study showed that temperature, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, alkalinity, acidity and total hardnessof the Karotoa River water were 25.86ºC, 297.41 ?S/cm, 98.86 mg/L, 2.17 mg/L, 2.64 mg/L, 122.05mg/L, 3.28 mg/L and 75.59 mg/L, respectively. The DO and BOD contents of the river water were foundunsuitable for fisheries when compared with the standard of DoE. A total of ten fish species under six ordersand seven families were identified during the study period. The study also revealed that the most remarkablecause of water quality degradation of the river was waste dumping (58%) followed by urbanization and riverbank erosion. The water quality degradation (46%) negatively influenced the abundance of fish species. Theresults concluded that the water quality of the river is not favorable for production of fishes and other aquaticorganisms. The study suggested that the source of water quality degradation should be closely monitoredtogether with the industrial effluent and/or domestic sewage discharge should be reduced or stopped throughthe initiatives of the local government concerned to maintain sound and healthy ecosystem of the river.
Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of fish sauce from spined anchovy (Stolephorus tri)
Authors: KHAIR TANIM , KHAN MASHIOUR MAHMUD , KHAN MOHAMMED NURUL ABSAR , REZA MD. SHAHEED
Published: July 2021

Recently, the consumer demand for imported Thai fish sauce is increasing inBangladesh domestic market. To satisfy potential consumer demand, underutilized marine fish ofthe Bay of Bengal can be used in this regard to produce fish sauce locally. A study was,therefore, undertaken to prepare fish sauce from underutilized spined anchovy (Stolephorus tri,locally called ‘kata phasha’) using 25% (w/w) salt in earthen containers and characterized essentialquality parameters. Fermentation was continued for 7 months, and physicochemical,microbiological, and sensory characteristics of the product during processing were studied. At the endof fermentation, moisture and mineral content of the sauce reached to high values of 68.54 ±0.35% and 22.56±0.35%, respectively with a concomitant decrease in protein (5.03 ± 0.05%).Total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) and total nitrogen (TN) values, on the other hand, reached18.42±0.00 mg/100 g and 0.76±0.02 g N/100 ml, respectively with a relatively high bacterialload of 7.14±0.02 log cfu/ml. Sensory evaluation conducted by a group of untrained panelistsrevealed high acceptability of the fish sauce in terms of colour, flavour, taste (e.g. saltiness,bitterness, sweetness, sourness and umami), clearness, liquidity and overall acceptability. It isconcluded that low-valued fish like spined anchovy of the Bay of Bengal can be used as a rawmaterial to produce good quality fish sauce.
Upstream migration of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) towards Hakaluki haor: A case study
Authors: FAGUN IFTEKHAR AHMED , RISHAN SAKIB TAHMID , SHIPRA NATASA TASNIA
Published: July 2021

Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) fishery contributes around 1% to the national GDP of Bangladesh. Basedon a fieldwork the study explored the underlying causes and pathways of Hilsa migration towards HakalukiHaor and status of Hilsa fishing. To collect empirical data a number of qualitative tools such as interviews,focus group discussion and oral history from different stakeholders were employed. The study identified,though unusual fisher have been netting Hilsa abundantly on early monsoon in Hakaluki haor since 2016. Dueto flash flood in the Hakaluki Haor and storm water flows down to the Meghna River through KushiyaraRiver, hilsa swims against the tide and enters into Hakaluki Haor from the upper Meghna river system. Earlyflash flood, storm water flows and government’s initiative of imposing ban on Hilsa fishing during spawningseason in upper Meghna sanctuary were found to be the major causes of migration towards Hakaluki Haor.As impose of ban on fishing of Hilsa increased the total production, abundance of Hilsa in Hakaluki Haor actas an indicator of total inland Hilsa production in Bangladesh. The weight of Hilsa species caught fromHakaluki varied from 200 g to 900 g and rarely found 1 kg. The length ranges varied between 10 cm to 30cm. The average price was BDT 300-500/Kg. A well-structured marketing channel of Hilsa was identified.The study found some major threats to hilsa population in Hakaluki Haor and made some recommendations toensure safe migration and conserve migratory Hilsa population in Hakaluki Haor.
Growth performance and proximate composition of grey mullet Liza parsia at different salinities
Authors: BIR JOYANTA , DAS RIMU , GOLDER MD RONY , ISLAM SHIKDER SAIFUL , PAUL PRIANKA , NOOR MD. IMRAN , ISLAM MD ROFIQUL , MAHFUJ SAROWER E , GHOSH ALOKESH KUMAR , HUQ KHANDAKER ANISUL
Published: July 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate growth, survivability, and proximate composition of Lizaparsia at different salinities to adopt as a potential aquaculture species in salinity intruded coastal areas ofBangladesh. The experiment was carried out at laboratory conditions in rectangular tanks (25 L) with fivedifferent salinities viz. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppt correspondingly considered as T1(control), T2, T3, T4 andT5. Fingerlings were collected from the Pashur river and stocked at 10 individual/25L tank. After 90 days ofculture period, growth was found significantly different among the treatments. Average weight gain washighest inT2 (1.76±0.19) and lowest inT5 (0.91±0.15). Interestingly survival rate was found 100(%) in alltreatment. Specific growth rate was 0.829±0.10, 1.162±0.14, 0.744±0.2, 0.736±0.10 and 0.605±0.15respectively in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Average daily gain was found higher in T1 (0.059± 0.006g/d),compared to other treatment. The average food conversion ratios were 0.78±0.06, 1±0.00, 0.69±0.06,0.78±0.22 and 1.035±0.25 in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 in five tanks, respectively. Better water qualityparameters were observed in T2. The temperature ranged from 28-30.3ºC, pH from 7.21-7.64, DO from5.01-5.68 ppm, hardness from 184.55-237.65mg/l and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) ranged from 0.52-0.85mg/l. No significant change was observed in the proximate composition of fish reared at different salinities.Finally, it could be concluded that L. parsia can tolerate a wide range of salinity and can be cultured even infreshwater, thus might be a potential species for coastal aquaculture.
Quality assessment of mustard hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in various packing conditions during storage at low temperatures
Authors: SHIKHA F.H. , HOSSAIN M.I. , MAHMUDA S.
Published: July 2021

Biochemical, microbiological and sensory quality parameters of mustard hilsa prepared from Hilsashad (Tenualosa ilisha) were examined to observe the changes in quality during storage at refrigerationtemperature (5° to 8°C) for 60 days and at frozen temperature (-18°C to -20°C) for 180 days. The moisture,protein, lipid, and ash content and pH value in mustard hilsa decreased compared to those obtained for freshfish. On the other hand, TVB-N and peroxide values increased compared to the values found in fresh fish. Atrefrigeration temperature and frozen temperature moisture and ash contents increased but protein and lipidcontent decreased gradually throughout the storage period. pH value of the mustard hilsa reduced from 7.22to 6.01 and 6.59 at refrigeration and frozen temperatures, respectively. The TVB-N value and peroxide valueincreased progressively throughout the storage period irrespective of storage temperatures. Rate of changes indifferent parameters of mustard hilsa was slower in vacuum sealed packs than non-sealed and sealed packs.The aerobic plate count of bacteria was increased in refrigeration temperature but the load of microbes wasreduced at frozen temperatures. The result of sensory quality change showed that, irrespective of storagetemperature and packing condition the scores of sensory quality parameters decreased with the progress ofstorage time though the decreasing rate was slower at frozen temperature. The study concluded that, atrefrigeration temperature mustard hilsa might remain in acceptable condition up to 60 days and at frozentemperature for about 180 days in vacuum sealed pack.
Vitamin-D Level in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus of different Age and Sex: its Effects on BMI, Calcium Level
Authors: Khan Zarghuna , Khan Munazza , Bahadur Sher , Khan Zafaruddin , Khan Yasir , Umair Hina , Jan Sahibzada Saeed
Published: July 2021

Background: Type II diabetes is one of vital health problems in Pakistan. Type 2 diabetic patients are more prone to developVitamin-D deficiency and hypocalcaemia however, the effect of age, sex, ethnicity, BMI and socioeconomic status also has a role inaffecting the outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare Vitamin-D level in patients with type-2 Diabetic Mellitus of differentage and sex and to determine the association of vitamin-D level with BMI, calcium and blood sugar level.Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine and compare the changes in Vitamin- D and serum calcium level inpatients with type- 2 diabetes mellitus with respect to their Body Mass Index (BMI), age, sex and ethnic groups.Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study, carried out in the outpatient department of endocrine unit ofHayatabad Medical Complex, Pakistan from 1st July 2018 to 31st august 2018. Using convenient sampling technique, patients withknown cases of Type II diabetes mellitus of all age groups, regardless of gender, ethnic group were consented to be part of thestudy. Patients taking vitamin D and calcium supplements and patients with renal and liver diseases were excluded. For vitamin Dand Calcium concentration 5 ml blood was taken. Data was recorded on a structured Proforma and entered into SPSS version22.0. For comparison student's t-test was used while Pearson correlation was used for determining the association betweenvitamin-D, BMI, blood sugar level and calcium concentration, where P-value <0.05 was considered as significant.Results: A total of 238 individuals with mean age of 51.24 ± 7.7 out of whom 103(49.2%) were males and 121(50.8%) werefemales. The mean vitamin-D concentration was 17.86 ± 15.3 ng/ml and mean calcium level was 8.50 ± 0.6 mg/dL respectively.Regarding vitamin D deficiency males were more affected as compared to females (p=0.04). However in case of calciumconcentration there was no significant difference (p=0.17). The relationship observed between blood sugar level and vitamin D wasweakly inverse (r =-0.035, P = 0.5). However the inverse relationship of sugar level and calcium was significant (r=-0.135, p=0.01).Conclusion: Type-II diabetes mellitus leads may lead to low calcium levels where males are more prone to be affected. Thiscondition aggravates with increase in age. This study basically concludes that vitamin-D deficiency in inversely associated withtype-2 diabetes.
Frequency and Types of Parapneumonic Effusion in Pleural Fluid Specimen
Authors: Sajjad Mohammad , Shah Naseeb ur Rehman , Khan Sami Ullah , Muhammad Asim , Hussain Shabir , Ullah Rafi
Published: July 2021

Background: Parapneumonic effusion (PPE) is exudative pleural effusion resulting from community acquired pneumonia or lungabscess. In USA about one million people develop PPE annually. The better outcome of PPE depends on early diagnosis andtimely management.Objective: The aim of this study was to see the frequency and types of parapneumonic effusion in pleural fluid specimen usingdifferent laboratory parameters in pneumonia patients.Material and Methods: This study was conducted in Shah Noor Medical laboratory in Bannu KPK. Pakistan. Pleural fluidspecimen were collected from both public and private sectors hospitals of the territory. A total of 422 pleural effusions werecollected. These fluid were analysed for transudate, exudate with possible causes. The PPE were subtyped into simple,complicated and empyema on the basis of color, PH value, ratio of blood and fluid glucose level, total protein level, total anddifferential leukocyte count of fluid, Gram's stain and culture for presence or absence of bacteria. The pleural fluid color wasexamined for subjective grades of turbidity i.e. mild, moderate and marked for simple, complicated and empyema respectively. PHcut off value was 7.2 for simple and complicated PPE, glucose cut off value of 52mg/dl for simple and complicated PPE. Gram'sstain and culture was performed by using conventional Gram's stain and different culture media for differention of simple fromcomplicated PPE and emyema. Inclusion criteria was all pleural effusions either exudative or transudative. Exclusion criteria wasinsufficient pleural fluid. The data was collected and analysed for frequencies with percentages and mean with standard deviationusing SPSS version 20.Results: In this study a total of 422 pleural fluid out of which 77(18.24%) PPE cases were analysed. The age range was from11-80 years with mean age of 54.34±9.22 years. Amongst these PPE 41 were from males patients and 36 from femalepatients. Simple PPE were 21(27.30%), complicated PPE 37(48.05%) and empyema were 29(37.7%).Conclusion: The laboratory parameters for differentiation of different types of parapneumonic effusion have significant role indifferentiation and management of different types of PPE and must be analysed in laboratory to separate the subtypes and guidethe physician about using non invasive and invasive management modalities.
Prevalence of Human Brucellosis in a Suspected Population of District Swat
Authors: , Ziaullah , Khan Momin , Ali Anwar , Nawab Akhtar , , Ihsanuddin , Khan Muhammad Ayub
Published: July 2021

Background: Brucellosis is caused by a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, coccobacillus, transmitted by consumption ofcontaminated dairy products. Close contact with infected animals is also a risk factor. Diagnosis is difficult due to non-specificmanifestations like fever, back pain, arthralgia, muscle aches, and anemia, thereby diagnosis is based on laboratory tests.Although under rated, 50,000 new cases of human brucellosis worldwide are reported annually. In Pakistan, despite the diseasebeing endemic, data is limited. Moreover, the increased consumption of raw dairy products has posed an additional risk.Objective: To identify the prevalence of human brucellosis in the suspected population of District Swat.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital, of Swat from November 2017-October 2018. From the outpatient department, 150 participants were enrolled being suspected of having human brucellosis.Every participant was screened for Brucella antibodies by Serum Plate Agglutination Test (SPAT) and confirmed through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.65+11.27 years, 34% of which were 21-30 years of age. Most (62%, n=93) werefemales and a greater proportion of them consume fresh milk (45.3%), followed by fresh milk and milk pack both (30%). Around 119(79.3%) were positive on SPAT, 50.7% on ELISA, and 49.3% on PCR with a significantly higher proportion in females (p=0.001).Conclusion: Human brucellosis was found to be highly prevalent among suspected population exposed to raw dairy products witha definitive diagnosis found in almost half of the samples collected.
Effectiveness of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin in treatment of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa infection
Authors: Ahmad Imtiaz , Khan Wasil , Rashid Aleem ur , , Samiullah , Ahad Abdul , , Aminullah , Naeem S. M.
Published: July 2021

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most troublesome and feared pathogen in medical field. It is the sixth mostcommon cause of hospital-acquired infections and the cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The most common multidrugresistantgram-negative pathogen in Ventilated Assisted Patient. In our study in 100 patients culture and sensitivity report only 46%were sensitive to oral treatment while 54% of the pseudomonas were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 34% sensitive and 66%resistant to levofloxacin.Objective: To find out resistance of pseudomonas to oral medication.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted in Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital from January 2018 to July 2019. ).100 patient samples (tracheal aspirate, bronchial washing, sputum, pus, urine and blood) were cultured for pseudomonas and itssensitivity to oral medication ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was recorded.Results: Sensitivity to 46% were samples was observed to oral treatment while 54% of the pseudomonas were resistant tociprofloxacin and 34% sensitive and 66% resistant to levofloxacin respectively.Conclusion: It was found that 54% pseudomonas were resistant to Ciprofloxacin and 66% resistant to levofloxacin. So we shouldalways consider for combination therapy.
Systemic Treatment of Stage IV Epithelial Ovarian Cancer; A Case Report
Authors: Ali Shoukat
Published: July 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer is most common gynecologic malignancy in Pakistan. Primary cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is current standard of care for most of the patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, however neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery is acceptable alternate option for patients presenting with inoperable advanced disease initially. For most of the stage IV ovarian cancer patients, systemic chemotherapy is mainstay of treatment, but other approaches have been emerged for advanced disease including targeted agents, hormonal therapy and PARP inhibitors.
Evaluation of decellularization of porcine pericardium
Authors: Souza KM. , Delgado ALJ. , Santos AJA. , Cabrera ML. , Miglino MA.
Published: July 2021

The porcine pericardium has been used for its great potential as a biological scaffold, produced from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and used mainly in surgeries reconstructive, tissue repair and surgical procedures for corneal reconstruction. The adequate preservation and biocompatibility of the pericardial ECM structure during the decellularization process is fundamental, the biggest challenge being the total removal of cellular material without damage to the structure. All agents used in decellularization change the composition and cause some damage to the ultrastructure. Sodium Dodecil Sulfate (SDS) is the most effective for removing cell residue from tissue compared to other detergents, which is also the most used for the decellularization process. This work aimed to test 3 different concentrations of SDS, in order to assess the concentration (0.1, 0.5 and 1%) that best preserves the structure of the ECM pericardial. In addition, we listed the type of daily wash to make the process more effective (only distilled water or PBS 1x), in order to assess the concentration capable of decellularizing the tissue and better preserving the pericardial ECM. The concentration of SDS at 1%, when compared to the lowest concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5%, was more effective in the decellularization process, however it did not obtain good results in the preservation of the ECM. Regarding daily washing, there was no difference in the frequency assessed in the experimental groups.
Penggunaan Media Visual Dalam Pembelajaran Muthola’ah Untuk Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Berbicara Santri Kelas VIII SMPIT Kharisma Darussalam
Authors: Kosim Abdul
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan berbicara pada mata pelajaran Muthola’ah melalui media visual. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 18 santri kelas VIII SMPIT Kharisma Darussalam. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media visual dalam pembelajaran muthola’ah dapat meningkatkan kemampuan santri dalam berbicara yaitu mampu mengungkapkan intisari dari materi yang telah disampaikan dengan pemahaman, intonasi nada dan kelancaran yang baik. Hasil peningkatan diukur melalui mengadakan pretest dan postest. Pada kegiatan pretest rata-rata pencapaian nilai santri yaitu 77 sedangkan pada kegiatan postest rata-rata nilai yang dicapai santri adalah 87. Dari perbandingan hasil pretest dan postest rata-rata nilai santri meningkat. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa media visual yang digunakan pada pembelajaran muthola'ah SMPIT Kharisma Darussalam dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara santri.
Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Preeklamsia Ibu Bersalin
Authors: Rismawati Rismawati , Notoatmodjo Soekidjo , Ulfa Laila
Published: July 2021

Dinegara maju kejadian preeklamsia pertahun mencapai 2-5%. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah Mempelajari dan menjelaskan faktor risiko terjadinya preeklamsia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian case control. Populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh ibu bersalin yang mengalami preeklamsia yaitu 1.896 dan ibu yang mengalami preeklamsia yaitu 272.  Jumlah sampel kontrol menggunakan perbandingan 1 : 1 yaitu kelompok kasus yang diambil dari data rekam medik dengan jumlah 272 ibu yang mengalami preeklamsia  : kelompok kontrol dengan jumlah sampel yang diambil dari data rekam medik yaitu 272 ibu bersalin dari 1896. Cara pengambilan sampel kontrol yaitu dengan sampel secara acak sederhana (simple random sampling) yang menggunakan software randomizer. Terdapat hubungan antara umur, paritas, pendidikan, riwayat preeklamsia dan riwayat hipertensi dengan kejadian preeklamsia. Pada hasil multivariat Variabel yang dominan berhubungan dengan preeklamsia adalah riwayat preeklamsia, ibu yang memiliki riwayat preeklamsia mempunyai peluang untuk mengalami kejadian preeklamsia sebesar 2 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ibu yang berada pada kelompok pasien yang tidak memiliki riwayat preeklamsia, setelah dikontrol oleh Umur, Paritas, Pendidikan dan riwayat hipertensi. Kesimpulan riwayat preeklamsia merupakan faktor penting terhadap terjadinya preeklamsia dan Ibu yang memiliki riwayat preeklamsia berpeluang besar untuk mengalami preeklamsia pada kehamilan selanjutnya.Kata Kunci              : Preeklamsia, Ibu Bersalin
Pengaruh Perbedaan Jenis Medium Perendaman Terhadap Vase Life Bunga Potong Mawar Merah
Authors: Fitria Adila Hafidzani Nur , Widyani Dinda , Kurniani Elis , Salsabila Jihan Nurhalimah , Anantatur Kelvin Pramudya , Driyani Meli , Afifah Nabila Tazkiyyatul , Nurhatifah Narti , Istiqomah Neng Iis Nur , Ilma Rudhya Nurul , Supadmi Suti , Putri Syafira Aulia , Marwah Syifa , Rahman Taufik , Suwandi Tri
Published: July 2021

Bunga mawar (Rosa hybrida) merupakan salah satu jenis bunga potong yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan sangat prospektif untuk dikembangkan secara komersial. Namun, kesegaran dari bunga mawar merah potong tidak mampu bertahan lama akibat kandungan air yang tinggi pada mawar. Salah satu upaya untuk mempertahankan kualitas dan memperpanjang masa kesegaran bunga adalah dengan pemberian larutan perendam. Umumnya larutan perendam terdiri dari air, gula (sukrosa), bakterisida, dan antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis medium terhadap vase life bunga potong mawar merah dan jenis medium yang paling efektif untuk memperpanjang vase life bunga potong mawar merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji, yaitu A (air mineral), AG (Air dan larutan gula 1%), GK1 (larutan gula 1% dan ekstrak kemangi 12,5%), GK2 (larutan gula 1% dan ekstrak kemangi 25%), GB1 (larutan gula 1% dan ekstrak belimbing wuluh 12,5%), GB2 (larutan gula 1% dan ekstrak belimbing wuluh 25%). Dan dalam setiap perlakuan berisi tiga bunga mawar potong. Data diolah secara statistik dengan teknik pengolahan data menggunakan Uji ANOVA dan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan A, AG dan GB1 menunjukan tingkat kesegaran bunga yang paling tinggi, sedangkan pada perlakuan GK2 menunjukan tingkat kesegaran bunga yang paling rendah.
Paradoks Etika Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi di Era 5.0
Authors: Bimantoro Arya , Pramesti Wanda Alifiyah , Bakti Satria Wira , Samudra M Aryo , Amrozi Yusuf
Published: July 2021

Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah mempengaruhi aspek-aspek kehidupan, terutama pada aspek sosial berupa perubahan pola interaksi sosial sebagai fokus di era Society 5.0 ini. Hal ini tentu saja menjadi tantangan bagi masyarakat bukan hanya pada bagaimana beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang serba berbasis teknologi saat ini tetapi juga berinteraksi dengan sesama yang mulai dengan cara yang berbeda. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji tantangan dan kesiapan masyarakat saat ini. Kesiapan masyarakat dalam menyambut dan menghadapi era 5.0 perlu diketahui dan ditinjau. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan etika masyarakat saat ini jauh berbeda dengan masyarakat dahulu dimana seharusnya perkembangan teknologi membawa perubahan yang baik untuk lingkungan. Pemanfaatan teknologi yang tidak diikuti etika yang baik melahirkan permasalahan sosial yang menimbulkan dampak negatif. Perubahan yang terjadi ini menjadi tantangan sekaligus peluang bagi mereka yang membutuhkan lapangan pekerjaan dan juga menciptakan lapangan kerja baru. Etika masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan teknologi informasi diperlukan pembelajaran yang baik karena pada  era 5.0 cara berfikir masyarakat harus dibiasakan untuk  kritis, analisis, dan kreatif.
Making private violence public
Authors: Murphy John
Published: July 2021

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The principle of the effective protection of the individual in EC law and the dialectic of european integration theory
Authors: Stefanou Constantin , Xanthaki Helen
Published: July 2021

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The liability of personal representatives under leases
Authors: Dowling Alan
Published: July 2021

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Civil liability for contamination: Blue Circle Industries plc v Ministry of Defence
Authors: Lee Maria
Published: July 2021

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The NATO action against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: humanitarian intervention in the post-Cold War era
Authors: Wheatley Steven
Published: July 2021

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Questioning the legal status of unincorporated associations
Authors: Glennon Lisa
Published: July 2021

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Modernising the regulation of water pollution in Northern Ireland: part 11
Authors: Turner Sharon
Published: July 2021

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Causation, responsibility and foetal personhood
Authors: Cox Neville
Published: July 2021

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Co-ownership of matrimonial property: radical proposals for reform
Authors: Fox Lorna
Published: July 2021

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Book reviews
Authors: Blair Karen , Blackett-Ord Mark
Published: July 2021

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Introduction
Authors: Dickson Brice
Published: July 2021

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What Bill of Rights?
Authors: Morgan Austen
Published: July 2021

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Victims and the Bill of Rights
Authors: Gormally Brian Stephen
Published: July 2021

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Economic, social and cultural rights
Authors: Allamby Les
Published: July 2021

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The implementation of of a Bill of Rights in Northern Ireland
Authors: Harvey Colin
Published: July 2021

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The importance of a Bill of Rights in Northern Ireland as a process: comparative reflections from South Africa
Authors: Murray Rachel
Published: July 2021

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Murder: the mental element
Authors: Keane Honourable Justice
Published: July 2021

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Case management: The Civil Justice Reform Group's approach
Authors: Sherrard Brian
Published: July 2021

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Complexity, delay and cost: the County Courts in Northern Ireland
Authors: Hart Anthony
Published: July 2021

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Mortgagees: bankruptcy of O'Brien husbands
Authors: Harper Andrew
Published: July 2021

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Private partners and public good
Authors: Wilson Robin
Published: July 2021

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Gatekeeping the CEO: the role of law, self-regulation and internal mechanisations
Authors: Kirkbride James , Letza Steve
Published: July 2021

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Introducing publicity rights? Breach of confidence, the photograph and commodifying the image
Authors: Deazley Ronan
Published: July 2021

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The condition of abortion law in Northern Ireland
Authors: Capper David
Published: July 2021

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Human rights and citizenship
Authors: Laws Rt Hon Sir John
Published: July 2021

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Rights for cohabitees: who should qualify?
Authors: Woods Una
Published: July 2021

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Who is our patient: The fetus or the mother?
Authors: Alberto Gonzalez Carlos , Gonzalez Silvana , González Jeremías
Published: July 2021

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Implementasi Jaringan Kohonen Dalam Pengenalan Citra Huruf Aksara Jawa
Authors: Azmi Zulfian , Taufik Faisal , Susilo Bayu
Published: July 2021

Aksara jawa merupakan sistem penulisan yang ditulis dari kiri ke kanan. Setiap aksara di dalamnya melambangkan suatu suku kata dalam vokal /a/ atau /o/, yang dapat ditentukan dari posisi aksara didalam kata tersebut. Penulisan aksara jawa dilakukan tanpa spasi, karena itu pembaca harus paham dengan teks bacaan tersebut untuk dapat membedakan tiap kata. Dalam merancang sistem pengenalan pola huruf aksara jawa tengah menggunakan metode kohonen dibutuhkan pengolahan citra yang berfungsi untuk mengubah citra menjadi array biner. Dan sistem dapat diimplementasikan pada aplikasi yang berbasis sistem mobile.
Implementasi Teknik Komunikasi Serial Half Duplex Pada Kendali Jarak Jauh Lampu Ruangan Rumah Berbasis Internet Of Things (IOT)
Authors: Prayudha Jaka , Pranata Ardianto , Prastyo Heru
Published: July 2021

Lampu listrik adalah suatu perangkat elektronika yang dapat menghasilkan cahaya pada saat dialiri arus listrik. Di zaman modern ini, lampu listrik sangat berguna sekali bagi kehidupan manusia. Dengan lampu listrik setiap orang dapat melihat di kegelapan pada saat malam hari atau pada saat cuaca sudah mulai gelap sekali. Internet of  Things atau disingkat juga dengan IoT adalah sebuah konsep yang bertujuan memanfaatkan dan memperluas konektivitas internet yang tersambung secara terus-menerus untuk bisa terhubung di semua perangkat elektronika. Dengan demikian dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat mengendalikan hidup matinya lampu ruangan rumah dari jarak dekat maupun jauh dengan memanfaatkan konsep Internet of Things. Sistem kendali jarak jauh lampu ruangan rumah di rancang menggunakan NodeMCU Esp8266 sebagai sistem pengontrol dan pembaca jaringan wifi, relay yang berfungsi sebagai saklar logika yang menerima perintah dari NodeMCU Esp8266 untuk mengatur kendali lampu menyala atau padam. Aplikasi Telegram berfungsi sebagai platform dalam pengiriman data atau perintah ke NodeMCU Esp8266. Sistem ini dapat mengendalikan hidup matinya lampu dari jarak dekat maupun jauh berdasarkan perintah user melalui aplikasi telegram ke NodeMCU Esp8266. Sistem kendali lampu ruangan rumah menggunakan teknik Komunikasi Serial Half Duplex sebagai mode aliran data dan teknik perhitungan untuk mengkonversi nilai apapun ke biner.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Koperasi Terbaik Di Kota Pekanbaru Menggunakan Metode Electre (Ellimination And Choice Translation Reality) Studi Kasus : Dinas Koperasi Ukm Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Bakti Imam Rangga
Published: July 2021

Dinas Koperasi UKM Kota Pekanbaru merupakan lembaga yang bertanggung jawab penuh terhadap seluruh koperasi yang ada di Kota Pekanbaru.  Salah satu program kerja Dinas Koperasi UKM Kota Pekanbaru adalah memberikan reward kepada koperasi terbaik yang ada di Kota Pekanbaru. Dalam melakukan proses seleksi penentuan koperasi terbaik, Dinas Koperasi UKM Kota Pekanbaru mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan koperasi mana yang terbaik dengan tepat karena setiap koperasi memiliki nilai kriteria dan aspek aspek yang hampir sama untuk penilaian koperasi terbaik. Dalam membantu dan mempermudah penilai dalam melakukan seleksi penetuan koperasi terbaik dengan mudah, dapat menggunakan Metode Electre sebagai Sistem Pendukung Keputusan. data yang di olah pada penelitian ini terdapat 47 kriteria yang didapatkan dari pegawai Dinas Koperasi UKM Kota Pekanbaru. Adapun tahapan metode Electre dapat melakukan perhitungan membentuk tabel normalisasi, penentuan matrik V, perbandingan berpasangan Concordance dan Discordance dan perangkingan hasil akhir. Sistem ini dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP dan database MySQL. Hasil dari penelitian ini menghasilkan nilai rekomendasi yang valid dan tepat untuk penentuan koperasi terbaik. Dari hasil pembuatan aplikasi ini dapat memberikan kemudahan terhadap pihak penilai pada Dinas Koperasi UKM Kota Pekanbaru dalam melakukan penentuan koperasi terbaik.
Implementasi Metode K-Means Clustering Tunggakan Rekening Listrik pada PT. PLN (Persero) Gardu Induk Kisaran
Authors: Rahmadani Nurul , Kurniawan Edi
Published: July 2021

Tunggakan rekening listrik masih menjadi piutang yang besar bagi bangsa Indonesia, sehingga harus lebih ditingkatkan lagi kualitas pelayanan dari PT. PLN (Persero). Termasuk PT. PLN (Persero) Gardu Induk Kisaran terkhusus di Kecamatan Air Batu, dengan total tunggakan rekening listrik mencapai 10,5 miliar dari 12 desa dengan jumlah penduduk 41.873 jiwa. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi besarnya tunggakan, seperti kurangnya pelayanan, pencatatan meteran yang sering salah, serta ketidaktahuan masyarakat mengenai pentingnya bayar rekening listrik tepat waktu. Salah satu cara dalam menangani hal tersebut adalah dilakukannya sosialisasi terhadap masyarakat akan pentingnya bayar listrik tepat waktu. Akan tetapi, dana menjadi penghambat untuk melakukan sosialisasi ini di semua desa. Oleh karena itu, pengelompokan tunggakan listrik dapat membantu pihak PT. PLN (Persero) Gardu Induk Kisaran dalam mengambil keputusan yang tepat dalam memilih desa dengan tunggakan terbesardengan menggunakan metode K-Means Clustering. Pada penelitian ini, penerapan metode K-Means Clustering diimplementasikan pada aplikasi yang dibuat dengan 3 cluster dari 12 sampel data. Data yang digunakan dalam perhitungan algoritma k-means adalah jumlah penduduk yang menunggak, tarif daya, dan jumlah tunggakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa algoritma k-means mampu mengelompokan data tunggakan terbesar, sedang, dan terendah.dalam pembuatan dokumen penjualan tiket pesawat dan juga memberikan keamanananya.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Menentukan Tingkat Kepuasan Customer Terhadap Pelayanan Jasa Kebersihan Di Pt. SASMenggunakanMetode Fuzzy Asosiative Memory
Authors: Dahria Muhammad , Arief Saiful Nur , Santoso Ismawardi , Kustini Rini
Published: July 2021

PT. Sukses Anugrah Sejahtera (SAS) adalah  professional multi services company yang bergerak di bidang jasa cleaning service yang berpusat di Medan, berhasrat untuk dapat berkembang dengan menciptakan pelayanan yang prima kepada semua customer. harus mendapatkan tingkat kepuasan yang maksimal. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada saat ini adalah dalam menilai tingkat kepuasan customer masih menggunakan cara manual, yaitu dengan menyebarkan angket yang diprint dengan kertas HVS kepada setiap customer. Hal ini tentunya kurang efektif dikarenakan angket yang diberikan kepada customer bisa saja hilang atau robek. Sistem pendukung keputusan untuk menentukan tingkat kepuasan customer merupakan sistem yang berguna untuk membantu menghasilkan informasi yang mendukung bagi proses pengambilan keputusan mengenai besar kecilnya kepuasan customer terhadap perusahaan. Adapun metode yang akan digunakan dalam sistem pendukung keputusan adalah metode Fuzzy Assosiative Memory. Karena metode ini dapat menetukan nilai bobot untuk setiap atribut dengan tingkat akurasi yang baik.
Decision Support System Menentukan Kelulusan Calon Karyawan Content Creator di PT. Bungkus Teknologi Indonesia dengan Metode WASPAS
Authors: Simatupang Asi Nani Padot , Andika Beni , Zunaidi Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0, media sosial sangat berpengaruh penting, didalam perusahaan yang bersangkutan dalam menggunakan media sosial adalah peran dari karyawan Content Creator. Namun yang terjadi saat ini, konten yang dihasilkan karyawan Content Creator  yang ada di PT. Bungkus tidak sesuai dari keingginan perusahan. Akibat dari faktor tersebut terjadi penurunan Image dari PT. Bungkus Teknologi Indonesia sendiri. Penyebabnya adalah pemilihan calon karyawan Content Creator masih manual dan pemilihan karyawan yang masih berhubungan keluarga sehingga menghasilkan karyawan yang tidak kreatif. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan teknologi informasi dan Decison Support System sebagai alat bantu untuk menentukan pemilihan calon karyawan Content Creator berkualitas dengan menggunakan metode WASPAS, dengan cara mencari nilai bobot setiap kriteria, kemudian melakukkan proses perangkingan.Hasil dari penelitian ini akan menghasilkan aplikasi sistem berbasis destop yang akan dapat membantu perusahaan PT. Bungkus Teknologi Indonesia dalam memberi keputusan terhadap pemilih calon karyawan Content Creator yang sesuai dengan kriteria yang diperlukan, lebih efesien dibandingan dengan cara manual, dan menjadi bahan bagi instansi dalam mendata calon karyawan
PENERAPAN DIGITAL SIGNATURE MENGGUNAKAN METODE RSA UNTUK MENVALIDASI KEASLIAN IJAZAH SMA SWASTA BINA ARTHA
Authors: Waruwu Erwin Vasi , A Azanuddin , Sonata Fifin , Zulkarnain Iskandar
Published: July 2021

Dalam perkembangan teknologi yang begitu cepat, pemanfaatan jaringan internet meningkat pesat juga. Sehingga kejahatan dalam pemalsuan maupun penyadapan data tidak dapat dipungkiri. Salah satu dokumen penting yang sering dilakukan modifikasi atau pemalsuan adalah ijazah. Ditambah dengan permasalah yang dimana dalam setiap pengecekan ijazah membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Oleh sebab itu, SMA Swasta Bina Arha membutuhkan aplikasi yang dapat menjamin keamanan keaslian ijazah sehingga menghindari terjadinya duplikat maupun modifikasi ijazah. Dan supaya setiap instansi yang akan melakukan pengecekkan keaslian ijazah tidak perlu menunggu waktu yang lama untuk mendapatkan infromasi yang di mau. Sistem pengamanan yang diterapkan ialah penerapan digital siganture menggunakan metode RSA. Sehingga dalam melakukan validasi ijazah waktu yang diperlukan akan lebih efektif dan efesien.Hasil program yang dibuat menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang dibangun dengan berbasis web dapat menimalisir modifikasi atau pemalsuan ijazah SMA Swasta Bina Artha. Selain itu juga memudahkan setiap instansi dalam menadapatkan infromasi ijazah dengan melakukan validasi ijazah SMA Swasta Bina Artha dalam penerapan digital signature menunggunakan metode RSA.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Pompa Air Otomatis Untuk Penyaluran Air Dari Tangki Ke Kran Pengambilan Air Di Desa Regaji Menggunakan Teknik Counter Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: Tarigan Leo Irvandi , S Saniman , Saripurna Darjat , Murniyanti Sri
Published: July 2021

Warga desa Regaji dalam mendapatkan air untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari masih mendapatkan adanya kendala seperti telat dalam mendaptkan kebutuhan air untuk sehari-hari, karena proses penyaluran air masih dilakukan secara manual. Oleh, karena itu dibutuhkan suatu alat yang dapat menghemat waktu dalam penyaluran air di desa Regaji. Alat tersebut berupa sistem yang dapat bekerja otomatis untuk penyaluran air, dengan menggunakan alat ini diharapkan penyaluran air dapat dilakukan tepat waktu dan pada saat yang tepat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat suatu perangkat sistem untuk penyaluran air otomatis menggunakan mikrokontroler ATMega16 sebagai pengendali utama dan sensor ultrasonik. Sistem ini juga menggunakan Real Time Clock (RTC) sebagai pewaktu dan Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) sebagai penampil. Mesin pompa air otomatis yang telah dibuat dapat menyalurkan air secara otomatis, apabila waktu sudah berada pada jadwal yang telah ditetapkan, maka proses penyaluran air akan dilakukan secara otomatis dan LCD akan menunjukkan waktu saat ini.