bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secure Massive MIMO System with Two-Way Relay Cooperative Transmission in 6G Networks
Authors: Su Yumeng , Gao Hongyuan , Zhang Shibo
Published: May 2020

With the advent of Internet of Everything (IoE) and the era of big data, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is considered an essential technology to meet the growing communication requirements for beyond 5G and the forthcoming 6G networks. This paper considers a secure massive MIMO system, where the legitimate user and the base station (BS) exchange messages via two-way relays with the presence of passive eavesdroppers. To achieve the trade-off between the physical-layer security and communication reliability, we design a cooperative transmission mode based on multiple-relay collaboration, where some relays broadcast the received signals and other relays act as friendly jammers to prevent the interception by eavesdroppers. A quantum chemical reaction optimization (QCRO) algorithm is proposed to find the most suitable scheme for multiple-relay collaboration. Simulation results highlight excellent performance of the proposed transmission mode under QCRO in different communication scenarios, which can be considered a potential solution for the security issue in future wireless networks.
Association between non-motor symptoms and health-related quality of life for patients with Parkinson’s disease: Evidence from a smartphone-based survey
Authors: Fan Xiaojing , Zhao Yaxin , Luo Huanyuan , James Ben , Wang Duolao , Hellman Bruce
Published: May 2020

Background

This study aims to explore the association between the total number of non-motor symptoms and the Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients’ health-related quality of life quantitatively, using data from one of the largest smartphone-powered studies and a simplified version of 8-item Parkinson’s disease Quality of life Questionnaire (PDQ-8).
Methods

The data used for analysis constitutes one part of a dataset derived from the project named ‘100 for Parkinson’s’, an initiative of uMotif in conjunction with the Cure Parkinson’s Trust, Parkinson’s UK and the European Parkinson’s Disease Association. 1246 patients were included in the baseline survey. The 30-item Non-Motor Symptom (NMS-30) Questionnaire and PDQ-8 Summary Index (PDQ-8 SI) were used to measure health-related quality of life and a generalized linear model was used to analyze the association of the non-motor symptoms and quality of life.
Results

The mean number of NMS per patient was 11.81 ± 5.53. For patients with limited ability to work: the key symptoms were urgency (77.4%), sad or blue (71.05%) and difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep (70.90%). After controlling for the life-style determinants and psychological symptoms prior PD diagnosis determinants, GLM presented the total sum of NMS-30 questions had the strongest positive influence on health-related quality of life as measured by the PDQ-8 SI. Where the sum of NMS scores increases by 1 point, the PDQ-8 SI will increase by 1.33 points (95%CI: 1.13, 1.52; P < 0.001). For patients without limited ability to work: urgency (62.45%), difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep (59.81%) and getting up regularly at night to pass urine (55.09%) were the most frequent symptoms. GLM showed that where the total sum of NMS scores increases by 1 point, the PDQ-8 SI will increase by 1.56 points (95%CI: 1.37, 1.76; P < 0.001) after controlling for other confounders.
Conclusions

This smartphone-based study finds a higher total number of non-motor symptoms is related to a lower health-related quality of life for PD patients. It provides useful evidence for the PDQ-8 instrument and is helpful for a multidisciplinary approach to patient care and facilitate the provision of more comprehensive education for patients and caregivers.
Rectus Sheath Block Efficacy for Patients Who Underwent Emergency Midline Laparotomy at a Resource Limited Setting in Northcentral Ethiopia, 2019.
Authors: Teshome Diriba , Fenta Efrem , Hunie Metages , Girma Sossina
Published: May 2020

Background Midline laparotomy is associated with severe postoperative pain. Literature showed controversial results regarding the efficacy of the rectus sheath block. Objective To assess the effectiveness of rectus sheath block efficacy for patients who underwent emergency midline laparotomy at a resource limited setting in Northcentral Ethiopia, from February 01 to March 30, 2019. Methods This is a prospective cohort study that recruits 60 patients who underwent emergency midline laparotomy. Independent t-test and Manny Whitney tests were used for numeric data while Chi-Square or Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables. P-values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results The median (interquartile range) of the numeric rating scale score at the recovery was 3(3-4) for an exposed group and 4.5(3-4.5) for an unexposed group with a p-value of 0.039. Postoperative numeric rating scale scores at 3 rd , 6 th , 12 th , and 24 th hours were statistically significantly lower in the exposed group. Postoperative tramadol consumption in 24 hours was significantly lower with a p-value of 0.0001 for the rectus sheath group. Conclusions For surgeries done through midline laparotomy, adding bilateral rectus sheath block (BRSB) at the end of the operation might be an effective postoperative analgesia option.
A retrospective clinical control study of extended anterolateral approach and Frosch approach in Schatzker type II tibial plateau fractures involving the posterolateral column
Authors: Yan Yongqing , Xu Renjie , Yuan Xinhua
Published: May 2020

Objective: To compare the extended anterolateral approach with the Frosch approach in the treatment of Schatzker type II tibial plateau fractures involving the posterolateral column. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare the general information, intraoperative and postoperative situations, HSS score and Rasmussen radiology score, TPA, and PSA immediately after the operation and at one-year follow-up.Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in general information, which was comparable. The operation time in the Frosch group was slightly higher than those in the control group, while the HSS score and Rasmussen radiology score were better than those in the control group.Conclusion: In the case with simple posterolateral fragments, the extended anterolateral approach and the Frosch approach can both achieve better outcomes. While in the case of complex posterolateral fragments, the Frosch approach can provide more accurate reduction and better biomechanical stability.
Coeruptive crustal deformation associated with the 2018 Kusatsu-Shirane phreatic eruption based on PALSAR-2 time-series analysis
Authors: Himematsu Yuji , Ozawa Taku , Aoki Yosuke
Published: May 2020

Coeruptive deformation helps to interpret physical processes associated with volcanic eruptions. Because phreatic eruptions cause small, localized coeruptive deformation, we sometimes fail to identify plausible deformation signals. Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data allow us to identify extensive deformation fields with high spatial resolutions. Herein, we report coeruptive crustal deformation associated with the 2018 Kusatsu-Shirane phreatic eruption detected by time series analyses of L-band satellite SAR (ALOS-2/PALSAR-2) data. Coeruptive deformation maps derived from SAR time series analyses show that subsidence and eastward displacement dominate the southwestern side of an eruptive crater with a spatial extent of approximately 2 km in diameter. Although we were unable to identify any significant deformation signals before the 2018 eruption, posteruptive deformation on the southwestern side of the crater has been ongoing until the end of 2019. This prolonged deformation implies the progression of posteruptive physical processes within a confined hydrothermal system, such as volcanic fluid discharge, similar to the processes observed during the 2014 Ontake eruption. Although accumulated snow and dense vegetation hinder the detection of deformation signals on Kusatsu-Shirane volcano using conventional InSAR data, L-band SAR with various temporal baselines allowed us to successfully extract both coeruptive and posteruptive deformation signals. The extracted coeruptive deformation events are well explained by normal faulting with a left-lateral slip component along a southwest-dipping fault plane rather than by a point source deflation. The inferred fault plane can be considered as a degassing pathway from the shallow hydrothermal system to the surface. We reconfirmed that SAR data is a robust tool for detecting coeruptive and posteruptive deformations, which are helpful for understanding shallow physical processes associated with phreatic eruptions at active volcanoes.
Primary Research ADAM10 is involved in the oncogenic process and chemo-resistance of triple-negative breast cancer via regulating Notch1 signaling pathway, CD44 and PrPc
Authors: Cheng Yuanyuan , Lin Lishuang , Li Xiaoyan , Lu Aiqi , Hou Chenjian , Wu Qian , Hu Xiaomu , Zhou Zhongwen , Chen ZhongQing , Tang Feng
Published: May 2020

Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging breast cancer subtype to treat, generally more aggressive and with shorter overall survival. Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment due to the absence of specific and effective molecular targets. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential roles of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) in TNBC cells and the relationship between ADAM10 expression and neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (NACT) effect and overall survival in breast cancer patients.
Methods
Using a series of breast cancer cell lines, we measured the expression of ADAM10 and its substrates by quantitative real-time PCR assay (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Cell migration and invasion, cell proliferation, drug sensitivity assay, cell cycle and apoptosis were conducted in MDA-MB-231 cells cultured with ADAM10 siRNA. The effect of ADAM10 down-regulation by siRNA on its substrates was assessed by Western blot analysis. We performed immunohistochemical staining for ADAM10 in clinical breast cancer tissues from 94 patients receiving NACT.
Results
The active form of ADAM10 was highly expressed in TNBC cell lines. Knockdown of ADAM10 in MDA-MB-231 cells led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and the IC50 value of paclitaxel and adriamycin, while induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. And these changes were correlated with down-regulation of Notch signaling, CD44 and PrPc. In clinical breast cancer cases, high ADAM10 expression in pre-NACT samples was strongly associated with poor response to NACT and short overall survival.
Conclusions
These data suggest previously unrecognized roles for ADAM10 in TNBC, involving in the progression and chemo-resistance of TNBC.
Association between objectively measured sleep timing and habitual dietary intake in university students A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yoshizaki Takahiro , Togo Fumiharu
Published: May 2020

Background Previous studies suggest that the forced changes in sleep timing and chronotype may be associated with dietary intake. However, no studies have examined associations between objectively measured sleep timing on weekdays and weekends and habitual dietary intake. This study aimed to investigate the associations among university students. Methods All the 35 healthy university students included in this study were asked to undertake a 7-day wrist activity recording, and to record the bedtimes and wake-up times. All the participants also completed a self-administered questionnaire during the recording period that included demographic characteristics, habitual dietary intakes, and morningness-eveningness. Dietary intakes over the previous 1 month were evaluated using a self-reported dietary history questionnaire (DHQ). The Japanese version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to measure the self-rated morningness-eveningness. The score for adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (food guide score) was calculated from the results of the DHQ to assess the diet quality. Nocturnal sleep timing on each night was estimated from the recorded wrist activity. Results Multivariate linear regression showed that a later sleep timing on weekends was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with lower intakes of pulses (β = −0.416) and dairy products (β = −0.396) and a lower food guide score (β = −0.386), while the relative sleep timing on weekdays was not (p > 0.05). Multivariate linear regression also showed that an earlier relative sleep timing on weekdays was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a lower intake of cereals (β = 0.548) and a higher intake of sugar and confectioneries (β = −0.461), while the sleep timing on weekends was not (p > 0.05). Conclusions The results suggest that later sleep timing on weekends and earlier relative sleep timing on weekdays may be independently associated with unfavorable food intake in young adults. These findings have important implications for the development of novel strategies for improving dietary intakes and for preventing lifestyle-related diseases.
Hardship in the Heartland: Associations Between Rurality, Income, and Material Hardship
Authors: Conrad Aislinn , Ronnenberg Megan
Published: May 2020

Approximately one in three US households have experienced material hardship, including food, healthcare access and transportation hardship. The inadequate or unstable provision of basic needs is more typical in households with children or persons of color and is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Little is known, however, about the relationship between rurality, income, and material hardship. Using data from the 2016 State Innovation Model (SIM) Statewide Consumer Survey (weighted N = 2,371,739), we used logistic regression to examine the association between rurality, income, and four forms of material hardship, including food hardship, healthcare access hardship, transportation hardship, and any material hardship. Rural respondents had higher odds than non-rural respondents for experiencing healthcare access hardship. In contrast, rural respondents incurred lower odds than non-rural respondents for experiencing food hardship, transportation hardship and any hardship. All models of hardship indicated that lower income respondents incurred greater odds for having material hardship.
Novel Expandable Architected Breathing Tube for Improving Airway Securement in Emergency Care
Authors: Berard David , Navarro Juan David , Bascos Gregg , Harb Angel , Feng Yusheng , De Lorenzo Robert , Hood R. Lyle , Restrepo David
Published: May 2020

Life-saving interventions utilize endotracheal intubation to secure a patient’s airway, but performance of the clinical standard of care endotracheal tube (ETT) is inadequate. For instance, in the current COVID-19 crisis, patients can expect prolonged intubation. This protracted intubation may produce health complications such as tracheal stenosis, pneumonia, and necrosis of tracheal tissue, as current ETTs are not designed for extended use. In this work, we propose an improved ETT design that seeks to overcome these limitations by utilizing unique geometries which enable a novel expanding cylinder. The mechanism provides a better distribution of the contact forces between the ETT and the trachea, which should enhance patient tolerability. Results show that at full expansion, our new ETT exerts pressures in a silicone tracheal phantom well within the recommended standard of care. Also, preliminary manikin tests demonstrated that the new ETT can deliver similar performance in terms of air pressure and air volume when compared with the current gold standard ETT. The potential benefits of this new architected ETT are threefold, by limiting exposure of healthcare providers to patient pathogens through streamlining the intubation process, reducing downstream complications, and eliminating the need of multiple size ETT as one architected ETT fits all
Temporal Contact Graph Reveals the Evolving Epidemic Situation of COVID-19
Authors: Wu Mincheng , Li Chao , Shen Zhangchong , He Shibo , Tang Lingling , Zheng Jie , Fang Yi , Li Kehan , Cheng Yanggang , Shi Zhiguo , Sheng Guoping , Liu Yu , Zhu Jinxing , Ye Xingjiang , Chen Jinlai , Chen Wenrong , Li Lanjuan , Sun Youxian , Chen Jiming
Published: May 2020

Contact tracing APPs have been recently advocated by many countries (e.g., the United Kingdom, Australia, etc.) as part of control measures on COVID-19. Controversies have been raised about their effectiveness in practice as it still remains unclear how they can be fully utilized to fuel the fight against COVID-19. In this article, we show that an abundance of information can be extracted from contact tracing for COVID-19 prevention and control, providing the first data-driven evidence that supports the wide implementation of such APPs. Specifically, we construct a temporal contact graph that quantifies the daily contacts between infectious and susceptible individuals by exploiting a large volume of location related data contributed by 10,527,737 smartphone users in Wuhan, China. Five time-varying indicators we introduce can accurately capture actual contact trends at individual and population levels, demonstrating that travel restriction in Wuhan played an important role in containing COVID-19. We reveal a strong correlation (Pearson coefficient 0.929) between daily confirmed cases and daily total contacts, which can be utilized as a new and efficient way to evaluate and predict the evolving epidemic situation of COVID-19. Further, we find that there is a prominent distinction of contact behaviors between the infected and uninfected contacted individuals, and design an infection risk evaluation framework to identify infected ones. This can help narrow down the search of high risk contacted individuals for quarantine. Our results indicate that user involvement has an explicit impact on individual-level contact trend estimation while minor impact on situation evaluation, offering guidelines for governments to implement contact tracing APPs.
An Investigation of the Effects of Lifting Quarantine Conditions after the Peak of COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Cellular Automata Approach
Authors: Ghaemi Mehrdad
Published: May 2020

A cellular automata model for simulating the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 disease in a small city is given. In the model, people are allowed to leave and return to their homes, and the time of the peak in different quarantine conditions is estimated. It is shown that the removal of quarantine conditions, even one month after reaching the peak, increases the number of total infected and total dead cases significantly.
Cytokine release syndrome is not usually caused by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a cohort of 19 critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Lorenz Georg , Moog Philipp , Bachmann Quirin , Rosee Paul La , Schneider Heike , Schlegl Michaela , Spinner Christoph , Heemann Uwe , Schmid Roland M , Algül Hana , Lahmer Tobias , Huber Wolfgang , Schmaderer Christoph
Published: May 2020

Background: Severe COVID-19 associated respiratory failure, poses the one challenge of our days. Assessment and treatment of COVID-19 associated hyperinflammation may be key to improve outcomes. It was speculated that in subgroups of patients secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) or cytokine release syndrome (CRS) with features of macrophage activation syndrome might drive severe disease trajectories. If confirmed, profound immunosuppressive therapy would be a rationale treatment approach.Methods: Over a median observation period of 11 (IQR: 8; 16) days, 19 consecutive confirmed severe COVID-19-patients admitted to our intensive-care-unit were tested for presence of sHLH by two independent experts. HScores and 2004-HLH diagnostic criteria were assessed. Patients were grouped according to short-term clinical courses: discharge from ICU versus ongoing ARDS or death at time of analysis.Results: The median HScore at admission was 157 (IQR: 98;180), without the key clinical triad of HLH, i.e. progressive cytopenia, persistent fever and organomegaly. Independent expert chart review revealed the absence of sHLH in all cases. No patient reached more than 3/6 of modified HLH 2004 criteria. Nevertheless, patients presented hyperinflammation with peripheral neutrophilic signatures (neutrophil/lymphocyte-ratio>3.5). The latter best paralleled their short-term clinical courses, with declining relative neutrophil numbers prior to extubation (4.4, [IQR: 2.5;6.3]; n=8) versus those with unfavourable courses (7.6, [IQR: 5.2;31], n=9).Conclusion: Our study rules out virus induced sHLH as the leading cause of most severe-COVID-19 trajectories. Instead, an associated innate neutrophilic hyperinflammatory response or virus-associated-CRS appears dominant in patients with an unfavourable clinical course. Therapeutic implications are discussed.
Os símbolos das linguagens artísticas do congado de Paula Cândido
Authors: LANA Vanessa , VIEIRA Lorena Oliveira , LEITE Flaviane
Published: May 2020

A proposta deste artigo é apresentar e discutir os resultados do projeto de pesquisa intitulado "Os símbolos das linguagens artísticas do congado de Paula Cândido", realizado por meio do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Cultura e Arte Universitária - Procultura, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. O projeto analisou, através de pesquisa documental, observação participante e realização de entrevistas, os simbolismos e rituais do congado na Festa de Nossa Senhora do Rosário, buscando perceber as linguagens artísticas da celebração, o envolvimento e significados para a comunidade local. Como resultado do projeto, foi elaborada e distribuída uma cartilha, como atividade extensionista, discutindo cultura, congado e tradições.
DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA AND DELETION POLYMORPHISM OF THE GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE GENES
Authors: Burdei Artem
Published: May 2020

The aim of the research. To investigate the association of the development of primary open-angle glaucoma with deletion polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase genes.

Materials and methods. Under our observation there were 172 patients, residents of Ukraine with primary open-angle glaucoma I–IV stages. Analysis of the deletion polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using unified TaqMan Mutation Detection Assays Life-Technology (USA) test systems. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the MedStat package and the statistical package MedCalc v.15.1 (MedCalc Software bvba).

Results and discussion. The detection of null alleles of the GSTM1 gene was observed in 39 % of patients in the control group, in patients with POAG a significant increase in the frequency of deletion polymorphism to 50–56 % was observed with the progression of the disease in stages II-IV. In patients with stage IV disease, the effect of the zero GSTM1- null allele on POAG course was determined (χ2=3.97; p=0.047), and the null allele of GSTM1 doubled the probability of developing the disease (OR=2.01; 95 % CI=1.01–4.01) in patients of group 4 compared with control. The null allele of the GSTT1 gene in the control group was found in 31 %, an increase in the frequency of the GSTT1-null allele was also observed in the second and fourth stages of POAG from 41 % to 54 %. Statistically significant differences of GSTT1 gene allele frequencies were determined between the control group and all patients with POAG (χ2=4.43; p=0.03), between the control and the 4th group (χ2=7.64; p=0.01), and between the 1st and 4th groups (χ2=5.52; p=0.02). An association with the development of POAG (χ2=4.43; p=0.03) was determined for the deletion polymorphism of the GSTT1 gene when comparing the control group with the data of all patients with POAG (1–4 groups). At stratification by stages of POAG (that is, by groups of patients), an association with the development of POAG was determined only in patients of group 4 (χ2=7.64; p=0.01) compared with the control group.

Conclusions. The association of the null allele of the GSTT1 gene with POAG was established (p=0.03). The presence of the GSTT1-null allele significantly increased the risk of developing POAG (OR=1.75; BI=1.04–2.96) compared with the control group. The presence of null alleles (GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null) of the GST deletion polymorphism significantly increased the risk of stage IV POAG (OR=2.01; BI=1.01–4.01 and OR=2.66; VI=1.32–5.37, respectively) compared with the control group, which indicated the effect of zero alleles on the rapid progression of the disease.
Arts, Culture and the City: An Overview
Authors: Landry Charles
Published: May 2020

More people, more organizations, more towns, cities, regions and countries for more reasons have found that over the last 30 years the arts, their broader culture and overall creativity has something in it for them in renewal and revitalization. Over the last decade there have been
over a hundred studies of the economic and social importance or impact of the arts, culture, heritage, the recycling of buildings for cultural purposes, creative quarters and the creative economy across the world. Yet there is much more to the arts, culture and creativity in city development.
Places in transition urgently need to develop an overall culture of creativity cu ing across all domains within which the arts can be significant. This can be a painful exercise as old certainties crumble and systems, like education, need rethinking. Yet this can unleash new social innovations,
new business models and new forms of citizen engagement. Renewal and transformation together are a cultural project involving a shift in mindset and perspective. Creativity is a primary resource as it creates the conditions from which innovations can emerge. Within this the creative economy
sectors, especially when aligned to the dramatic digitization dynamic, play a significant role in developing new products and services, generating jobs, anchoring identity and helping expression. Cultural activities and programming and the physical assets of places, their heritage and older
industrial buildings are significant elements in the renewal repertoire.
Arts and The City: Policy and Its Implementation
Authors: Markusen Ann , Nicodemus Anne Gadwa
Published: May 2020

The United States off ers a decade-long illustration of the implementation of a major policy initiative for art and culture across the nation's cities and towns. In this article, we focus on the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), and its companion ArtPlace and Our Town initiative
around place-making, as they have developed since 2009. We describe the challenges that almost eliminated the NEA in the 1990s, the subsequent advocacy shift towards the economic impact of the arts, and the emergence of the Our Town initiative in 2011. We analyse the policy initiatives, their
rationales and implementation. We conclude with lessons and ways to improve practice in relation to the roles of artists and arts organizations covering issues of displacement, gentrification and racism (often unanticipated challenges for communities and funders); the impact of the arts in
economic terms; and evaluative challenges for funders and place-makers, especially given cultural diversity and 'place-keeping' priorities.
Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation for the treatment of glaucoma
Authors: Khodzhaev N. S. , Sidorova A. V. , Starostina A. V. , Eliseeva M. A.
Published: May 2020

Because of the unpredictable hypotensive effect and serious complications during continuous-wave cyclophotocoagulation (CW-CPC), the use of this method in the treatment of glaucoma is limited. Therefore, a new technique was developed, known as micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-CPC). During MP-CPC, a series of short bursts of laser pulses deliver energy to the ciliary body at the near-infrared wavelength of 810 nm, which is strongly absorbed by melanin. As shown by experimental studies, there are several acting mechanisms which reduce IOP decrease during MP-CPC. In clinical studies, patients with different forms and stages of glaucoma received laser energy of similar parameters during MP-CPC. It may be concluded that MP-CPC is a safe and effective alternative to traditional CW-CPC. However if laser irradiation directed to the ciliary body during MP-CPC gets longer, the incidence of complications increases. The variation of glaucoma forms in patients who underwent MP-CPC and a relatively small number of cases involved in the studies prevent us from making an unambiguous recommendation of this technique at the moment. An extensive research of the technique is required.
Modern possibilities of pathogenetic therapy of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Artamonova P. S. , Shevchik E. A.
Published: May 2020

The incidence of allergic rhinitis has been increasing rapidly worldwide in recent years. About 40% of the world’s population suffer from allergic inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane. Clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis are absence or difficulty of nasal breathing, itching, sneezing, nasal congestion and rhinorrhoea, as well as swelling of the face, the presence of dermatitis in the region of the nasal wings, general malaise, smell disturbance. Manifestations of allergies by ENT organs in most cases do not pose a threat to life, but they can cause the development of other pathological processes, bad sleep, irritability, decreased efficiency, mood swings, which, in turn, adversely affects human health and reduces the quality of life. The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is based on an immediate hypersensitivity. According to the modern classification, depending on the nature of the course of the disease it is common to identify intermittent and persistent forms.

At present, the drugs of choice in the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis are intranasal glucocorticosteroids. However, the presence of a concomitant pathology of the nasal cavity in the patient, such as deviated septum, not only significantly impairs the course of nasal inflammatory process, but also creates obstacles to adequate delivery of topical drugs to all parts of the nasal cavity, which, in turn, reduces their effectiveness.

For patients suffering from allergic rhinitis in combination with other pathology of the nasal cavity, combined oral medications may be a good alternative to intranasal sprays. Certain interest for doctors is caused by the appearance of a combined antihistamine drug on the Russian market, which includes a blocker of leukotrienes and H1-histamine receptors of the second generation – montelukast and levocetirizine. The drug can be used both in adults and children from 15 years old for treatment of intermittent and persistent forms of allergic rhinitis.

Timely and properly performed therapy of allergic rhinitis allows to eliminate symptoms of the disease and prevent the development of complications.
Acute peripheral vestibular dysfunction: diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Lilenko S. V. , Anikin I. A. , Khamgushkeeva N. N.
Published: May 2020

The aim of this article is to demonstrate ENT specialists, neurologists and general practitioners how to examine and treat patients with acute vertiginous complaints. Traditional otoneurologic testing that carried out for accurate topic diagnostics of acute vestibular dysfunction is described as available «Vestibular passport». Clinical diagnosis can be achieved after thorough assessment of patient’s complaints as well as history of the present illness. Gaze tests and posture control trials are demonstrated in details. Diagnostic value of each probe is shown from the viewpoint of differential diagnostics of peripheral and central vestibular dysfunction. High diagnostic value of registration and analysis of oculogyric reactions is presented by history cases of acute labyrinthopathy and acute vestibular neuronitis. In these cases absence of saccadic and pursuit gaze disturbances rule out central vestibular system dysfunction. The salient feature of these two variants of peripheral vestibular dysfunction is spontaneous nystagmus that revealed by Frenzel glasses. This significant oculomotor symptom as well as disturbances of static and dynamic postural control confirm patient’s vestibular complaints in objective way. Revelation of decompensation signs of vestibular dysfunction needs urgent medicine vertigo therapy and spare vestibular rehabilitation. Actually, medications of choice are sedative drugs with antiemetic effect, non-loop diuretics and glucocorticoids.
Intranasal glucocorticosteroids for the complex treatment of patients with chronic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Kochetkov P. A. , Svistushkin V. A. , Shchennikova E. S.
Published: May 2020

Intriduction. Chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis noticeably deteriorate the patients’ quality of life and lead to the accompanying upper airway pathology development. The main purpose of treatment of this group of patients is to decrease severity of symptoms and the second one to prevent complications. The optimal therapy will help patients to maintain their lifestyle. Intranasal glucocorticosteroids are first-line drugs to treat acute rhinosinusitis or exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis in adults (including the elderly) and adolescents aged 12 years and older as an auxiliary therapeutic agent if treated by antibiotics, and to treat acute rhinosinusitis with mild to moderate symptoms without signs of severe bacterial infection. In the number of trials, mometasone furoate effectiveness in regard to decreasing of prominent symptoms with no side effects development has been shown.

Objective: this article reviews available data on the effectiveness of intranasal corticosteroids – mometasone furoate – in the treatment of different forms of chronic inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses.

Methods: information for this review was identified through a RISC and MEDLINE databases applying key words.

Conclusions: based on the available data, treatment of chronic rhinosinusites and rhinitis should be initiated by conservative therapy. Summarizing information from the available literature we can conclude that treatment by mometasone furoate improve quality of life decreasing clinical symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis and rhinitis.
Rational approach to the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis in comorbides with dysosmia
Authors: Morozova S. V. , Keda L. A.
Published: May 2020

Dysosmia is a frequent symptom in acute rhinosinusitis. Post-infectious dysosmia has a large share in the structure of olfactory disorders. The most common is postviral dysosmia. The sense of smell in acute rhinosinusitis can change both in the conductive and sensorineural types, but most often it is of a mixed nature, has an acute beginning and a favorable prognosis. There is also a transformation of the olfactory epithelium into a multilayer flat or respiratory epithelium. The pathogenesis of acute rhinosinusitis is based on an increase in edema of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and, as a result, the block of the natural sinuses of the paranasal sinuses, which leads to a violation of their ventilation and stagnation of secretions in the sinus cavity. For the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis, antibacterial, vasoconstrictive drugs, elimination and irrigation therapy are used.it is important to restore mucociliary transport, and therefore it is necessary to prescribe mucoactive and secretolytic drugs. A special role among these medicines is played by herbal preparations, among which one of the most effective and well-studied is a combined herbal preparation that includes Gentiana lutea, Primula veris, Rumex acetosa, Sambucus nigra, Verbena officinalis. Due to the anti-inflammatory and secretolytic effects, treatment regimens that include this drug provide high efficiency and optimal treatment times for patients with acute rhinosinusitis. Studies have shown that this drug has shown inhibitory activity in vitro against respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and parainfluenza. In addition, it has been proven that when using this drug, a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect develops in the form of a decrease in prostaglandin E2 levels, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, tumor necrosis factor, and especially interleukin. In addition, the inclusion of this drug in the complex therapy of acute rhinosinusitis contributes to the restoration of olfactory function in the form of reducing the threshold of smell, increasing the ability to distinguish and identify odors. Data from the studies presented in the article demonstrate high efficacy and good tolerance of this drug.
Reflection of modern concepts of therapy in the treatment of allergic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Pavlova S. S.
Published: May 2020

The article highlights the urgent problem of modern medicine - allergic diseases. Over the past decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of this pathology, the share of which in the general structure of the incidence of the population remains high to this day. The statistics are staggering. According to various sources, various manifestations of allergies affect from 10% to 40% of the world’s population. According to conservative estimates, more than 500 million people in the world. According to epidemiological studies, the amount of atopy is growing by 5-6% every year. The disease has a huge impact on the quality of life of the patient. Needless to say, an allergic disease can be accompanied by complications, including life-threatening. The big financial burden on the budget of our country is the economic costs of combating allergies and its complications. Therefore, the treatment of this nasology is one of the key issues both in the global and in Russian healthcare.

Intranasal (topical) corticosteroids (IKS) are the drug of choice in the treatment of patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (AR). However, ICS are widely used in clinical practice and in the treatment of other diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Depending on the nature of the pathological process, the duration of the drug can vary widely: from two weeks to several months or years. The purpose of this work is to systematize relevant publications and analyze possible uses for this group of drugs. The article reflects the issues of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Consistently considered modern methods of treatment, in particular the use of (ICS) in therapy regimens. The results of international multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials are presented, the purpose of which was to determine and evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ICS, in particular fluticasone propionate. It is concluded that fluticasone propionate is a modern and effective agent for the pathogenetic treatment of patients with not only allergic but also non-allergic rhinitis and can be recommended in the modern treatment regimen for both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis.
Antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Guseva A. L. , Derbeneva M. L.
Published: May 2020

Allergic rhinitis is a common allergic disease that have a substantially negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. Pharmacotherapy is essential to the treatment of allergic rhinitis, including the use of antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, topical steroids, decongestants, cromones, anticholinergics and their various combinations. Antihistamines are commonly prescribed drugs to treat mild, moderate, and severe disease. The article discusses the mechanisms of action of first- and second-generation antihistamines and compares the potential side effects and drug interactions.First-generation antihistamines differ in their significant sedative and hypnotic effect, mainly due to their pronounced lipophilic properties and ability to transverse the blood–brain barrier and bind to H1-histamine receptors in the central nervous system. Due to low selectivity of the first-generation antihistamines, they may interact with other receptors and develop adverse side effects, including dry mouth, nasopharynx, more rarely pupillary dilation, increased intraocular  pressure, tachycardia, and urine retention. Bilastine is a highly selective second-generation antihistamine that has a  rapid onset and a prolonged action. This drug does not interact with the P450 cytochrome system or undergo significant metabolism in the human body, and therefore the drug has low potential for drug-drug interactions. Bilastine is excreted almost completely unchanged and therefore does not require dose adjustment in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Bilastine demonstrated similar efficacy in seasonal allergic rhinitis compared to cetirizine and desloratadine, as well as similar efficacy and safety in long-term treatment of patients with perennial rhinitis compared to cetirizine. Bilastine is well tolerated both at standard and at supratherapeutic doses, appears to have less sedative potential than other second-generation antihistamines, and has no cardiotoxicity.
Refugiados en Portugal y procesos de inserción en la universidad: una indagación etnográfica
Authors: Goldberg Alejandro
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo explora etnográficamente los procesos de inserción de los refugiados en Portugal focalizado específicamente en el ámbito universitario, desde la perspectiva de los propios actores. El trabajo de campo, desarrollado en Lisboa durante 2017-2018, se basó en la selección de una muestra de ocho hombres refugiados adultos con estudios superiores completos o incompletos, a quienes se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad. La integración de los refugiados en el sistema de educación superior portugués aún carece de un marco normativo y de una base de directrices que permitan el reconocimiento de sus cualificaciones académicas; sumado a los obstáculos estructurales y al déficit en la enseñanza de la lengua, sus procesos de inserción se dificultan. Las instancias de diagnóstico y evaluación de las políticas sectoriales implementadas deberían contemplar la voz de los propios actores protagonistas de esos procesos y principales destinatarios de las acciones. De ahí el aporte de este estudio.
Facts and their interpretation in paleoanthropological enquiries
Authors: Tomczyk Jacek
Published: May 2020

The search for truth in the sciences which deal with the prehistoric past seems exceptionally attractive. What is involved in them is not only the historical dimension, but also an attempt at understanding the present moment. This trivial statement may in practice cause a lot of trouble, since the issue at stake is actually not how “truth” is defined, but rather how we arrive at it. We need to remember that while the first stage of the scientific inquiry usually involves the gathering and description of facts, the second stage is mainly concerned with their explanation and interpretation. At both stages of scientific cognition – that is both in the process of obtaining facts and interpreting them – truth can be falsified by mistake or on purpose. Thus, the main aim of science – to make our comprehension agree with the subject (the state of affairs) under scrutiny – can be suppressed by subjective motivation. It is therefore recommendable to present various reasons behind such a peculiar “emendation” of truth in prehistoric research.
Turystyka a obszary chronione w perspektywie międzynarodowych konwencji ochrony środowiska
Authors: Kosieradzka-Federczyk Agata
Published: May 2020

Artykuł prezentuje wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące ruchu turystycznego na obszarach podlegających ochronie ze względu na wartości przyrodnicze. Problematyka została zaprezetnowana w świetle wybranych dokumentów międzynarodowego prawa ochrony środowiska. Przywołane (jedynie w części dokumenty) pokazują duże zainteresowanie ze strony prawa międzynarodowego, wyrażające się w podejmowaniu problematyki na spotkaniach, przygotowywaniu przewodników, poradników mających za zadanie uświadomienie jak ważne dla prawidłowej ochrony obszarów jest prawidłowe zarządzanie ruchem turystycznym. Odpowiedzią na zidentyfikowane problemy jest zrównoważona turystyka.
Domy zdrowotno-wypoczynkowe Stowarzyszenia Chrześcijańsko–Narodowego Nauczycielstwa Szkół Powszechnych w okresie międzywojennym
Authors: Zagdańska Joanna
Published: May 2020

Lata zaborów, a przede wszystkim czas trwania I wojny światowej spowodowały znaczne pogorszenie stanu zdrowotności narodu polskiego. Sytuacja wymagała radykalnych działań i ogromnych nakładów finansowych. Tymczasem nowo odrodzone państwo polskie miało bardzo znikome środki na stworzenie w pełni profesjonalnej służby zdrowia. Oczekiwano więc – od różnego rodzaju środowisk pracujących zawodowo współuczestnictwa w organizacji ogólnopolskiego frontu walki o zdrowie i wypoczynek obywateli. Pierwszym środowiskiem, które pięknie wsparło w tym zakresie rząd polski byli nauczyciele, zrzeszeni w kilku organizacjach i stowarzyszeniach. Wśród nich było Stowarzyszenie Chrześcijańsko–Narodowe Nauczycielstwa Szkół Powszechnych, powstałe we wrześniu 1921 roku. Efektem dobrowolnych opodatkowań przedstawicieli tej patriotyczno – narodowej organizacji było wybudowanie, a następnie utrzymywanie Domów Zdrowia w Sewerynówce pod Szczawnicą i w Zakopanem oraz Domu Wypoczynkowego w Jastrzębiej Górze. Niektóre z tych ośrodków funkcjonują po dzień dzisiejszy.
Comparative Study of Adhesion of Brackets with Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Technology and Welded bases: In vitro Study
Authors: V. Izquierdo Luis A. , H. Sanches Francyle S. , Molina Francisco , Henriques Rafael P. , Cruz Emerson F. , S. Freitas Karina M.
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Brackets bonded to enamel surface depend on the adhesion material and the quality of the bracket base.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of metallic brackets with Metal Injection Molding (MIM) technology base or welded base.

Materials and Methods:

Forty mandibular extracted premolars mounted in acrylic resin blocks were divided randomly into two groups, both bonded with Transbond XT. In Group 1, brackets with MIM technology bases (Masel) were used, and in group 2, brackets with a welded base (Morelli) were used. After 24 hours, all brackets were tested for shear bond strength in a universal testing machine. Intergroup comparison was performed with an independent t test.

Results:

MIM base brackets showed a mean maximum load registered of 107.55 N, a mean shear bond strength of 9.58 MPa with a standard deviation of 5.80 MPa and the welded base brackets showed a mean maximum load of 167.37 N, a mean shear bond strength of 13.28 MPa with a standard deviation of 2.58 MPa. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant, indicating a higher shear bond strength of the welded base brackets.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that the brackets with welded bases presented a significantly higher shear bond strength than the brackets with MIM bases.