bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking the Pain out of Somatization: Development and Implementation of a Hospital-Based Clinical Practice Guideline to Address Pediatric Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Authors: Kullgren Kristin A. , Shefler Alanna , Malas Nasuh , Monroe Kimberly , Leber Steven M. , Sroufe Nicole , El Sakr Ashleigh , Pomeranz Elaine , O’Brien Edmond , Mychaliska Kerry P.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

The diagnostic category of somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs), although common, is often poorly recognized and suboptimally managed in inpatient pediatric care. Little literature exists to address SSRDs in the inpatient pediatric setting. The purpose of the study was to characterize current SSRD practice, identify problem areas in workflow, and develop a standardized approach to inpatient evaluation and management at a tertiary care academic children’s hospital.

METHODS:

A multidisciplinary group identified patients with SSRD admitted between May 2012 and October 2014. A retrospective chart review on a convenience sample was performed to identify population characteristics and current practice. Lean methodology was used to define current state practice and future state intervention. These methods were used to guide identification of problem areas, which informed protocol, a clinical practice guideline, and resource development.

RESULTS:

Thirty-six patients aged 8 to 17 years met inclusion criteria for chart review. Most patients presented with either neurologic or pain-related complaints. The mean length of stay was 5.44 days (SD = 6.3), with few patients receiving a mental health consultation within 24 hours of hospitalization. Patients averaged 5.8 medical and/or psychiatric diagnoses on discharge (SD = 5.2), and two-thirds did not have an SSRD diagnosis. Half of patients had comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, whereas one-quarter were discharged with no mental health follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, we describe the process and content development of a single-site institutional protocol, clinical practice guideline, and resources for the evaluation and management of pediatric SSRDs. This study may serve as a model for similar standardization of SSRD care in other inpatient pediatric medical settings.
Iron Nutrition, Erythrocytes, and Erythropoietin in the NICU: Erythropoietic and Neuroprotective Effects
Authors: Kling Pamela J.
Published: January 2020

Prematurity, maternal diabetes, maternal smoking, being medically underserved, and small size for gestational age are common characteristics of neonates in the NICU and can predispose them to develop congenital iron deficiency. Iron is critical for organ development. In the fetus and newborn, iron is prioritized for red blood cell production, sometimes at the expense of other tissues, including the brain. It is critical to optimize iron levels in newborns to support erythropoiesis, growth, and brain development. Available studies support improved neurodevelopmental outcomes with either iron supplementation or delayed umbilical cord clamping at birth. Erythropoietic doses of erythropoietin/erythrocyte-stimulating agents may also improve neurocognitive outcomes. However, the literature on the effect of liberal red blood cell transfusions on long-term neurodevelopment is mixed. Understanding age-specific normal values and monitoring of iron indices can help individualize and optimize the iron status of patients in the NICU.
STEGANOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR EMBEDDING INFORMATION IN DIGITAL OBJECTS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE CONCEPT OF "INTERNET OF THINGS"
Authors: Terziev Hristo
Published: January 2020

Internet of Things is a new world for connecting object space in the real world with virtual space in a computer environment. To build IoT as an effective service platform, end users need to trust the system. With the growing quantity of information and communication technologies, the need to ensure information security and improve data security is increasing. One of the potential solutions for this are steganographic methods. Steganography based on the least significant bit (LSB) is a popular and widely used method in the spatial domain.
KEBIASAAN MAKANAN, LUAS RELUNG DAN TINGKAT TROFIK KOMUNITAS IKAN DI ESTUARI KALIWLINGI KABUPATEN BREBES
Authors: Widarmanto Nanang , Haeruddin Haeruddin , Purnomo Pujiono Wahyu
Published: January 2020

Studi mengenai kebiasaan makanan serta tingkat trofik ikan merupakan hal penting untuk mengetahui interaksi serta aliran energi antar spesies dalam ekosistem. Informasi ini membantu dalam pengelolaan ekosistem yaitu sebagai acuan dalam mengkaji perubahan yang terjadi serta bermanfaat untuk membangun model trofik dalam pengelolaan. Estuari merupakan eskosistem dinamis yang memiliki berbagai tipe jenis ikan serta rentan mengalami perubahan akibat aktivitas manusia. Pengelolaan ekosistem estuari penting untuk menjamin keberlanjutan sumberdaya ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan estuari Kaliwlingi Brebes pada November-Desember 2018 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makanan, luas relung dan tingkat trofik komunitas ikan pada estuari Kaliwlingi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis makanan yang dimanfaatkan komunitas ikan di kawasan tersebut adalah fitoplankton, zooplankton, tumbuhan (makrofita), molusca, insekta (serangga), annelida, ikan, udang dan detritus. Beberapa ikan memiliki luas relung yang tinggi yang mengindikasikan cenderung bersifat generalis dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya makanan. Sebagian besar ikan pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam tingkat trofik omnivora.The study of food habit and tropic levels of fish is important for understanding interaction and energy flows among species. This information helps in management of ecosystems as reference in assessing changes that occur in ecosystems and useful for constructing trophic model. Estuary ia a dynamic ecosystem that has various types of fish and susceptible due to human activitiesEstuaries is a habitat for various fish. However, estuaries is one of the vulnerable coastal ecosystems due to human activities impact.Management for estuaries ecosystem is important to maintain fish resources sustainability. This research was conducted in Kaliwlingi estuary-Brebes district in November – Desember 2018. The aim if this research is to obtain information of food habits, niche breadth and trophic level of fish community in Kaliwlingi estuary. The results showed that the food utilized by the fishes were phytoplankton, zooplankton, plants (macrophytes), mollusc, insects, annelids, nekton (fish), shrimp and detritus. Some fishes have a broad niche breadth which indicates as generalist in utilizing food resources. The trophic level of most of the fishes found in this study is omnivorous.
Robust confidence intervals for the difference of two independent population variances
Authors: AKYÜZ Hayriye Esra , GAMGAM Prof. Dr. Hamza
Published: January 2020

In this study, we propose confidence intervals and their bootstrap versions for the difference of variances of two independent population using some robust variance estimators. The proposed confidence intervals are compared with Herbert confidence interval in terms of coverage probability and average width. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate performances of the proposed confidence intervals under different scenarios. The simulation results indicate that the coverage probabilities for the proposed confidence intervals are very close to nominal confidence levels when the difference of population variances is zero. Confidence interval based on binary distance produces the narrowest average widths. Herbert confidence interval have not perform well for skewed distribution populations. Confidence interval based on comedian is generally recommended when the difference of population variances for skewed distributions is not zero. Average widths of bootstrap percentile confidence intervals are smaller, and decreases as sample size and nominal size increases, as expected. Consequently, we recommend bootstrap percentile confidence interval based on binary distances for skewed distributions.
Association between cognitive impairment and criteria for frailty syndrome among older adults
Authors: BRIGOLA Allan Gustavo , OTTAVIANI Ana Carolina , CARVALHO Danilo Henrique Trevisan , OLIVEIRA Nathalia Alves , SOUZA Érica Nestor , PAVARINI Sofia Cristina Iost
Published: January 2020

Abstract The association between cognitive impairment and physical frailty has been studied in older adults. The criteria degree of frailty may be keys to associated cognitive impairment. Objective: To analyze the association between cognitive impairment and the criteria for frailty. Methods: We cross-sectionally examined data from 667 older adults (≥60 years of age) from a study entitled ‘Variables associated to cognition in elderly caregivers’ involving patients in an urban and rural primary healthcare center. We defined cognitive impairment based on different groups of scores on the Mini Mental State Examination, and defined frailty and prefrailty using the criteria by the Cardiovascular Health Study. We performed multinomial regression models to analyze the association between levels of frailty and cognitive impairment. Results: Similar proportions of women (54.8%) and men (45.2%) participated in the study (mean age: 71 years old). We found cognitive impairment, prefrailty and frailty in 34, 54, and 24% of the participants, respectively. Concomitant cognitive impairment and frailty was found in 13% of them. The chances of cognitive impairment increased up to 330% (Odds Ratio [OR]: 4.3; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 2.4‒7.7; p<0.001) among frail individuals, and 70% (OR: 1.7; 95%CI 1.0‒2.8; p=0.033) among prefrail individuals compared to robust/non-frail individuals. After controlling for age, education, place of residence and functional dependence, slowness and fatigue criteria were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Older adults with frailty have a greater likelihood of concomitant cognitive impairment than prefrail and robust older adults. The prevalence of cognitive impairment and frailty is consistent with data reported in literature. The present findings contribute to the investigation of cognitive frailty.
Ondine’s curse: the origin of the myth
Authors: Orrego-González Eduardo , Medina-Rincón Germán José , Martínez-Gil Sofía , Botero-Meneses Juan Sebastián
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT Central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome has been known for decades as Ondine’s curse. It was named as such after a German myth. Although most of the stories resemble one another, word of mouth has led to misinterpretation of this tale among the medical community. The present paper reviews the original narrative, its characters, and how it is linked to the most relevant aspects of the disease.
Contribuições do modelo Fatores Críticos de Sucesso para análise da gestão de Parcerias para o Desenvolvimento Produtivo de um laboratório oficial
Authors: Fernandes Daniela Rangel Affonso , Lima Sheyla Maria Lemos , Chagnon Roberto Pierre
Published: January 2020

Resumo: A Parceria para o Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP) é uma das medidas usada pelo Estado brasileiro para incentivar a política de inovação, ampliar o acesso da população a medicamentos estratégicos e reduzir a dependência tecnológica do país, por meio do fortalecimento da base produtiva nacional de medicamentos. O trabalho procurou identificar os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) para a implantação dessas parcerias, tendo como referência as PDPs de um dos maiores laboratórios farmacêuticos oficiais do país. FCS são compreendidos como áreas-chave nas quais os resultados devem ser satisfatórios para assegurar um desempenho de sucesso para a organização ou projeto. Como estratégias metodológicas, além da revisão bibliográfica e análise de documentos internos, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores-chave. Foram consideradas as parcerias aprovadas para o laboratório no período de 2009 a maio de 2018. O estudo permitiu uma visão crítica sobre as fases do processo de uma PDP e a identificação de fatores críticos específicos para esse tipo de projeto. Os resultados encontrados demonstram existir desafios organizacionais a serem superados para o aumento da executabilidade das parcerias, e podem servir de referência para outros laboratórios oficiais que tenham acordos de PDPs em andamento ou que pretendam apresentar propostas.
Transtornos mentais em adolescentes, jovens e adultos do Consórcio de Coortes de Nascimento brasileiras RPS (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas e São Luís)
Authors: Orellana Jesem Douglas Yamall , Ribeiro Marizélia Rodrigues Costa , Barbieri Marco Antonio , Saraiva Maria da Conceição , Cardoso Viviane Cunha , Bettiol Heloísa , Silva Antonio Augusto Moura da , Barros Fernando C. , Gonçalves Helen , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Del-Ben Cristina Marta , Horta Bernardo Lessa
Published: January 2020

Resumo: Embora se reconheça que depressão e ansiedade resultem em incapacidades, bem como em prejuízos laborais e para os sistemas de saúde, pesquisas de base populacional são escassas no Brasil. Este estudo avaliou a prevalência de transtornos mentais em adolescentes, jovens e adultos e sua relação com características sociodemográficas em cinco coortes de nascimento (RPS): Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo), Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul) e São Luís (Maranhão), Brasil. Episódio depressivo, risco de suicídio, fobia social e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada foram avaliados usando-se o Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Intervalos de confiança bootstrap foram estimados e prevalências estratificadas por sexo e nível socioeconômico no programa R. Foram incluídos 12.350 participantes das coortes. Episódio depressivo maior atual foi mais prevalente em adolescentes de São Luís (15,8%; IC95%: 14,8-16,8) e nos adultos de Ribeirão Preto (12,9%; IC95%: 12,0-13,9). As maiores prevalências para risco de suicídio ocorreram nos adultos de Ribeirão Preto (13,7%; IC95%:12,7-14,7), fobia social e ansiedade generalizada nos jovens de Pelotas com 7% (IC95%: 6,3-7,7) e 16,5% (IC95%: 15,4-17,5), respectivamente. As menores prevalências de risco de suicídio ocorreram nos jovens de Pelotas (8,8%; IC95%: 8,0-9,6), fobia social nos jovens de Ribeirão Preto (1,8%; IC95%: 1,5-2,2) e ansiedade generalizada nos adolescentes de São Luís (3,5%; IC95%: 3,0-4,0). Em geral, os transtornos mentais foram mais prevalentes nas mulheres e naqueles com menor nível socioeconômico, independentemente do centro e idade, reforçando a necessidade de maior investimento em saúde mental no Brasil, sem desconsiderar determinantes de gênero e socioeconômicos.
Acesso aos cuidados de saúde em Portugal no rescaldo da crise. Nem tudo é dinheiro?
Authors: Antunes Micaela , Ramos Luís Moura , Lourenço Óscar , Quintal Carlota
Published: January 2020

As necessidades de cuidados de saúde não satisfeitas têm sido usadas para avaliar o acesso a cuidados de saúde. Em cenários de recessão e restrições financeiras impostas às políticas públicas, é importante identificar que fatores, para além do rendimento, podem ser usados para mitigar as barreiras no acesso. Este é o objetivo deste artigo, para o caso português, durante o rescaldo da crise. Usaram-se 17.698 observações do 5º Inquérito Nacional de Saúde (2014). Analisaram-se as necessidades não satisfeitas (autorreportadas) para as consultas e tratamentos médicos, cuidados de saúde dentários e medicamentos prescritos. Recorreu-se ao modelo de seleção bivariado, acomodando o fato de as necessidades não satisfeitas apenas poderem ser observadas na subamostra de indivíduos que sentiram necessidade de cuidados de saúde. O risco de necessidades de cuidados de saúde não satisfeitas diminui para rendimentos e níveis de educação mais altos bem como no grupo dos idosos e homens. Beneficiar apenas do Serviço Nacional de Saúde aumenta o risco de necessidades não satisfeitas na saúde oral. A ausência de um círculo de pessoas próximas a quem pedir ajuda e a falta de confiança nos outros tornam mais prováveis as necessidades de cuidados de saúde não satisfeitas. Mais saúde diminui o risco de necessidades de cuidados não satisfeitas. Sendo o rendimento um importante preditor das necessidades não satisfeitas, encontrou-se impacto de outros fatores como sexo, idade e educação. Participar em grupos informais reduz a probabilidade de necessidades não satisfeitas. Aqueles com mais necessidades de cuidados de saúde acabam por sofrer um risco acrescido por essa via.
Nonlinear quantile regression to describe the dry matter accumulation of garlic plants
Authors: Puiatti Guilherme Alves , Cecon Paulo Roberto , Nascimento Moysés , Nascimento Ana Carolina Campana , Carneiro Antônio Policarpo Souza , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Puiatti Mário , Cruz Cosme Damião
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to adjust nonlinear quantile regression models for the study of dry matter accumulation in garlic plants over time, and to compare them to models fitted by the ordinary least squares method. The total dry matter of nine garlic accessions belonging to the Vegetable Germplasm Bank of Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH/UFV) was measured in four stages (60, 90, 120 and 150 days after planting), and those values were used for the nonlinear regression models fitting. For each accession, there was an adjustment of one model of quantile regression (τ=0.5) and one based on the least squares method. The nonlinear regression model fitted was the Logistic. The Akaike Information Criterion was used to evaluate the goodness of fit of the models. Accessions were grouped using the UPGMA algorithm, with the estimates of the parameters with biological interpretation as variables. The nonlinear quantile regression is efficient for the adjustment of models for dry matter accumulation in garlic plants over time. The estimated parameters are more uniform and robust in the presence of asymmetry in the distribution of the data, heterogeneous variances, and outliers.
Presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in captive yellow-spotted river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis) in the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Miranda Juliana Maria Santos , Rocha Katarine de Souza , Monteiro Louysse Helene , Baia Ianny Watuzy Monteiro , Monteiro Thamillys Rayssa Marques , Brito Jacqueline da Silva , Mesquita Ellen Yasmin Eguchi , Moraes Carla Cristina Guimarães de
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: We describe anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinin in yellow-spotted river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis)in the Amazon region. Ninety-eight serum samples from individuals housed at the Bosque Rodrigues Alves Zoobotanical Garden of Amazonia, Belém, PA, Brazil, were subject to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using 19 different Leptospira spp. antigen serogroups. Thirty-four of the 98 samples (35%) were reactive, with titers ranging from 100 to 3200, and eight 8 reactive samples (23.5%) co-agglutinated under two or more serovars.The most common serogroup was Hebdomadis (26.9%, 7/26), followed by Semaranga (23%, 6/26), Shermani (19.2%, 5/26), Djasiman (11.5%, 3/26), and Australis (7.7%, 2/26); Bataviae, Javanica, and Sejroewere represented by a single sample each (3.9%). The presence of turtles reactive to anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies implies exposure to the pathogen.
Plot size and number of replications for ryegrass experiments
Authors: Toebe Marcos , Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Carvalho Juliana Oliveira de , Tartaglia Francieli de Lima , Cortes Alessandra Ferreira , Mello Anderson Chuquel , Melo Patrícia Jesus de
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to determine the optimal plot size and the number of replications to evaluate the fresh matter of ryegrass sown to haul. Twenty uniformity trials were conducted, each trial with 16 basic experimental units (BEU) of 0.5 m2. At 117, 118 and 119 days after sowing, the fresh matter of ryegrass in the BEUs of 5, 10 and 5 uniformity trials, respectively, were determined. The optimal plot size was determined by the maximum curvature method of the variation coefficient model. Next, the replications number was determined in scenarios formed by combinations of i treatments (i = 3, 4, ... 50) and d minimum differences between means of treatments to be detected as significant at 5% of probability by the Tukey test, expressed in experimental mean percentage (d = 10, 11, ... 20%). The optimal plot size to determine the fresh matter of ryegrass seeded at the haul is 2.19 m2, with a variation coefficient of 9.79%. To identify as significant at 5% probability, by the Tukey test, differences between treatment means of 20%, are required five, six, seven and eight replications, respectively, in ryegrass experiments with up to 5, 10, 20 and 50 treatments.
Fatal systemic Mortierella wolfii infection in a neonatal calf in southern Brazil
Authors: Bianchi Ronaldo Michel , Vielmo Andréia , Schwertz Claiton Ismael , Cabreira Adan , Rocha Jéssica Goulart da , Siqueira Franciele Maboni , Pavarini Saulo Petinatti
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: This study described the pathological and microbiological aspects of a fatal systemic Mortierella wolfii infection in a neonatal calf in southern Brazil. The calf was born clinically normal, but on the third day of life it presented apathy, unilateral hypopyon, and neurological signs, and in the next day it was euthanized. At necropsy, multiple soft, and white-yellow nodules were observed in the liver, spleen, kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes, heart, and lungs. In the brain, reddish, and friable areas were found. In the eye, there were anterior and posterior synechiae, diffuse thickening of choroid, and anterior chamber filled by whitish and friable material. Microscopically, areas of necrosis, pyogranulomatous inflammation, vasculitis, thrombosis, and intralesional fungal hyphae were observed, and the latter were better evidenced through Grocott Methenamine Silver technique. The fungus was identified as M. wolfii through mycological culture and molecular methods. To our knowledge, this is the first description of systemic disease caused by M. wolfii in a neonatal calf outside of Oceania.
Technical deviations that generate medicines return: in the distributor in the southeast of Goiás
Authors: Silva Larissa Juliana Patrocínio da , Rosalem Vagner
Published: January 2020

Abstract Not all medicines received in the laboratory by distribution are in accordance. The purpose of the article was to identify concerning the technical and financial aspects that generate returns in a distributor of medicines through documentary analysis of company records for the period from 2014 to 2015. Using this analysis, a spreadsheet was made with the types of technical deviations, such as breakdowns, lacks, short shelf life, divergence of lot, product exchange, packaging errors (lack of seal, lot printing error, shelf life printing error, faulty packing) and surplus product, product name, quantity, class, lot, laboratory, price and shelf life. A mapping of the processes was done, from the purchase of medicines to the receiving and storage of it by the company. Seven types of technical deviations were found, and its characteristics were presented. The total value of the loss to the distributor due to technical deviations was in total R$914,864.57 for the period between 2014 and 2015. It was also presented a proposal for a checklist to be used by distributors of medicines.
Effects of the use of fiscal policy of incentive to innovation in performance of brazilian companies
Authors: Kaveski Itzhak David Simão , Lopes Iago França , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: January 2020

Abstract The literature has some empirical evidence of the effects of fiscal incentives to increase private investment in innovation. Thus, this study aims to analyze the effects of the use of fiscal policy of incentive to innovation in performance of Brazilian companies listed on the Brasil Bolsa Balcão (B3). The research population comprised 494 companies and the sample was different for each performance variable, alternating between 221 and 251 companies. The accounting and market values of the period from 2006 to 2014 were used as performance parameters of the companies, and the use of fiscal policy of incentive to innovation was operationalized with a dummy variable. The data were analyzed by means of logistic regression. The results related to the accounting indicators show that the ROA, ROCE and ROE are positively and significantly related to the Innovation Incentive Tax Policy. While these measures may encourage companies to increase investments in Research, Development & Innovation (RD&I), they create distortions between companies and sectors because of the effects of these unsubsidized measures. As for the results related to market indicators no significant relationships were found. These results show that government actions and the posture of companies to make their RD&I practices less costly are still not captured by the market. It is concluded that the use of fiscal policy of incentive to innovation is reflected in the performance of the companies surveyed in the analyzed period, which is partly explained by the fact that they are allowed to deduct investments in RD&I in the tax base.
Impacts of land use and cover change on Paraíba do Sul whatershed streamflow using the SWAT model
Authors: Andrade Marcel Pereira de , Ribeiro Celso Bandeira de Melo
Published: January 2020

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os impactos das alterações do uso e cobertura do solo na bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul utilizando o modelo SWAT. Foram avaliados dois cenários de uso e cobertura do solo, um referente ao ano de 1986 e outro ao ano de 2015. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo SWAT se ajustou muito bem a bacia, após a calibração e validação. Além disso, observou-se que no cenário de 2015 a vazão de longo período, foi inferior em grande parte da área de estudo, com destaque para as sub-bacias no trecho do rio Paraibuna. Notou-se que as alterações no comportamento da curva de permanência foram mais representativas nas estações do rio Paraibuna e do rio Preto. Que na primeira, devido a diminuição da área de floresta, as condições de seca e de vazões mínimas foram intensificadas. Já na segunda, a disponibilidade hídrica melhorou no cenário de 2015, devido ao aumento da área de floresta. Por fim, os resultados aqui apresentados juntamente com o modelo SWAT calibrado podem servir de auxílio aos gestores de recursos hídricos atuantes na bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e para futuros trabalhos que visem avaliar, também, os impactos das mudanças climáticas sobre a vazão.
A CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DOS PROTESTOS DO MOVIMENTO PASSE LIVRE EM SÃO PAULO (2013-2015)
Authors: Almeida Frederico de , Monteiro Filipe Jordão , Smiderle Afonso
Published: January 2020

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo: (i) suprir lacunas conceituais e analíticas para o estudo da criminalização dos protestos; (ii) compreender os processos de criminalização e os sentidos de práticas e discursos de instituições e agentes de segurança e justiça criminal, movimentos sociais, manifestantes e imprensa, empiricamente verificados na análise de dinâmicas, discursos, documentos e procedimentos administrativos e judiciais de repressão dos protestos. O estudo é focado especificamente nos protestos liderados pelo Movimento Passe Livre em junho de 2013 e janeiro de 2015 na cidade de São Paulo. Por meio de uma análise qualitativa aberta e interpretativa de fluxos processuais, discursos e eventos de protesto, buscou-se identificar a ocorrência dos processos de criminalização, criminação e incriminação de manifestantes e atos de protesto por agentes e instituições estatais.
Stress–strain behaviour of bio-desaturated sand under undrained monotonic and cyclic loading
Authors: Wang Kangda , Chu Jian , Wu Shifan , He Jia
Published: January 2020

Microbial (or bio-) desaturation is a new method for mitigation of the liquefaction hazard of sand. In this paper, a series of monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests was performed on bio-desaturated sand under undrained conditions to demonstrate that the bio-desaturation method is effective in enhancing the liquefaction resistance of sand under either monotonic or cyclic loading conditions. The test results showed that, under monotonic loading, the undrained shear strength increased by more than two times and the behaviour of soil changed from strain softening to strain hardening when the degree of saturation (Sr) reduced from 100% to 86·4%. The undrained shear strength ratio (su/p′0) has a unique relationship with the peak excess pore water pressure ratio (Δumax/σ′c) regardless of different effective confining stress conditions. Under the applied cyclic load, the liquefaction resistance showed a significant increase when the sample was slightly desaturated. For the same cyclic stress ratio and number of cycles, the accumulated excess pore water pressure (Δu) in the sample with a degree of saturation of 96% was only a quarter of that in the fully saturated sample. The instability behaviour of sand was also studied. The results showed that the slope of the instability line, which is a measurement of the resistance of sand to collapse, also increased with the reduction in degree of saturation under monotonic loading. The failure stresses obtained in cyclic triaxial tests conducted under different cyclic stress ratios coincide with the instability line obtained under monotonic conditions for sand with the same degree of saturation. This provides good support for the use of the instability line to predict the failure stress state of sand for both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions.
Albumins inhibit the corrosion of absorbable Zn alloys at initial stages of degradation
Authors: Sikora-Jasinska Malgorzata , Mostaed Ehsan , Goldman Jeremy , Drelich Jaroslaw W
Published: January 2020

Understanding the surface interactions and reactivity of zinc (Zn)-based biomaterials with constituents of physiological fluids such as proteins and ions is essential for an accurate evaluation of biomaterial corrosion initiation and progression. In this paper, the effect of the albumin addition on the corrosion behavior of pure Zn and Zn–4Ag alloy is discussed. The corrosion behavior of Zn-based materials was studied using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, immersion tests and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the addition of albumins largely affects the chemical composition, morphology and compactness of the protective films formed on biomaterials. A shift of the corrosion regime from localized to more general was observed in the protein-containing electrolytes. The proteins acted as corrosion inhibitors, reducing the corrosion current density and promoting passivation of the metallic surfaces. The increase in the corrosion resistance of the Zn–4Ag alloy is attributed to a selective Zn ion leaching that leaves the metal surface enriched with electrochemically more stable alloying element.
O Bárbaro como instrumento de louvor a Atenas em Os Persas de Ésquilo
Authors: Almeida Vanessa Silva
Published: January 2020

Representada em 472 a. C., a tragédia Os Persas, de Ésquilo é considerada a mais antiga peça de teatro grego completa que chegou aos nossos dias. Uma de suas particularidades é buscar na história e não nas narrações mitológicas o seu mote principal: a batalha de Salamina ocorrida em 480 a. C., além de ter como protagonista um personagem estrangeiro (Xerxes, rei da Pérsia). Isso não acontece por acaso. Ésquilo parece ter uma clara intenção de sobrelevar Atenas ao colocar na boca do estrangeiro a superioridade da cidade (Pe. 231-248). Nesse sentido, este trabalho pretende analisar a construção discursiva de louvor a Atenas através do estrangeiro que se auto intitula bárbaro na peça. Partimos do pressuposto de que isso ocorre não somente devido à euforia da vitória ateniense na batalha de Salamina, mas também para tentar explicar essa inesperada vitória através de um imaginário mítico muito peculiar e presente entre os gregos, no qual os ba/rbaroi – aqueles que não falam a língua grega – são vistos negativamente. Levamos em consideração os conceitos de identidade e alteridade, e noções históricas e políticas importantes para situar o papel ocupado pela cidade de Atenas dentro e fora da peça.
Dry matter concentration and corn silage density: Effects on forage quality
Authors: Krüger Ana Maria , Lima Paulo de Mello Tavares , Abdalla Filho Adibe Luiz , Moro Julienne De Geus , De Carvalho Igor Quirrenbach , Abdalla Adibe Luiz , Jobim Clóves Cabreira
Published: January 2020

Considering the hypothesis that density and dry matter (DM) concentration may be used as indicators of silage nutritional quality, the aim of the present study was to determine density and maturation stage (i.e. DM concentration) of corn silages under farm conditions in Brazil, establishing relationships between density and physical and chemical characteristics. In a completely randomized design, 20 bunkers of corn silage, each from a different farm, were used for data collection. Using a coring machine, 5 samples of silage were extracted from an exposed face of each silo and samples were analyzed for density of compaction, plus concentrations of DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), total carbohydrate (TC), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and starch (STA), as well as electrical conductivity. There was significant variation in many of the parameters measured with the greatest variation in density on a natural matter basis. Negative correlations were observed between percentages of DM, NDF and ADF in the silage and silage density on a natural matter basis (P<0.05). On the other hand, DM% was positively correlated with concentrations of STA, TDN and TC (P<0.05). Density on a DM basis showed positive correlation with STA but was negatively correlated with NDF and ADF (P<0.05) indicating that the more fibrous material is harder to compact. A technology transfer program seems warranted to inform Brazilian farmers of these findings and the importance of harvesting forage at a stage of growth when quality would be better to increase the probability of achieving adequate compaction of the ensiled material and hence better quality of material at feeding out.
Biomarker: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and telomere length of Thai elderly people with frailty
Authors: Ruangsuriya Jetsada , Siviroj Penprapa , Ayood Pisittawoot , Ongprasert Krongporn , Kaewtunjai Navakoon , Srichairatanakool Somdet , Tuntiwechapikul Wirote , Chittrakul Jiraporn
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Thailand has a rapidly aging population; assessing frailty earlier with biochemical markers could identify many adverse outcomes such as disability, hospitalization, and death. We aimed to examine the correlation between Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and telomere length and frailty for elderly people in Northern Thailand.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed between May 2017 and March 2018 with a total of 350 elderly aged 60 and older for frailty phenotype assessment by five frailty criteria including unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, slowness, low physical activities, and grip strength weakness. Twenty-eight subjects in both the frailty and non-frailty groups were analyzed for basic clinical parameters, including plasma TEAC, TBARS, and telomere length.
Results: Alanine aminotransferase activity, albumin concentration, cholesterol level, and telomere length were significantly low in the frailty group. The albumin level, TEAC, and telomere length were significantly higher between the ages of 60 and 75 years compared to those with non-frailty over 75 years of age. Likewise, albumin and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the frailty group aged 60–75 years. Albumin concentration, cholesterol level, TEAC, and telomere length were significantly higher in the non-frailty group when compared to the frailty group aged 60–75 years, but no significant difference was found among these biochemical parameters of frailty and non-frailty whose age was above 75 years.
Conclusion: The reduction of albumin concentration, cholesterol level, TEAC, and telomere length supports the underlying mechanism of frailty screened by the frailty phenotype tool in a specific age range. However, further analyses with multi-parameters must be validated before the application in clinical diagnosis for frailty.
Performance of Cellular Neural Network Based Channel Equalizers
Authors: ÖZMEN Atilla , TANDER Baran , ŞENOL Habib
Published: January 2020

Abstract—In this paper, a popular dynamic neural network structure called Cellular Neural Network (CNN) is employed as a channel equalizer in digital communications. It is shown that, this nonlinear system is capable of suppressing the effect of intersymbol interference (ISI) and the noise at the channel. The architecture is a small-scaled, simple neural network containing only 25 neurons (cells) with a neighborhood of r = 2 , thus including only 51 weight coefficients. Furthermore, a special technique called repetitive codes in equalization process is also applied to the mentioned CNN based system to show that the two-dimensional structure of CNN is capable of processing such signals, where performance improvement is observed. Simulations are carried out to compare the proposed structures with minimum mean square error (MMSE) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) based equalizers.
The opinion of farmers and small and medium-sized enterprises on the importance of ICT in Hajdú-Bihar County, Hungary
Authors: Boros-Papp Sándor , Várallyai László
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding, conceptualization, and measurement about the usage of ICT among SMEs that could enhance and transform their business to be more efficient and resilient. A more specific aim is to explore the state of ICT adoption as well as to examine the drivers and barriers of digital transformation through the lens of SMEs. In the primary (quantitative) phase of our research, we conducted a questionnaire survey among micro-enterprises and primary producers on the use of ICT in Hajdú-Bihar County, where 237 people answered the questionnaire. In all cases, the respondent was listed as a primary producer or in a joint primary producer certificate.

We were investigated which tools are using in communication with suppliers, customers and government organisations, which type of cloud services are used and the safe storage by Internet Service Providers. We get about the same results in the case of the suppliers, customers. In the case of the governmental institutions, Internet usage was bigger, because of a significant number of them require national or EU grants, which can be submitted electronically. The secure data storage is the safest possible for the farmers.
Digitization landscape in the Hungarian food-processing industry
Authors: Debrenti Attila Sándor
Published: January 2020

The food industry is the third-largest in Hungary, the first in Hungary in terms of the number of employees, and the first in Europe in the processing industry, as well as a significant user of resources. In order to develop the digitization of the food industry, it is necessary to get a picture of the situation. In this article, the most important functions, features, and aspects of these technologies are examined. Several international organizations are contributing to the measurement of digital transformation. Digital Enterprise Metrics is for the level of a single enterprise digitalization is measured with industry. My research focused on the technological aspects of digitalization. The research-based on a survey. According to the size of the company, the level of digitization increases and there are differences among branches in the food-processing sector.
Diabetic female rats exhibit defensive aggression during mating
Authors: Hernández-Munive Abigail , Rebolledo-Solleiro Daniela , Fernández-Guasti Alonso
Published: January 2020

Introduction. Few reports have analyzed the putative association between diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and aggressiveness. A previous study using a model of DM1 reported an increase in aggressive behaviors (AB) of females against the male during mating, which was prevented by insulin. However, it was unclear if such aggression was defensive or offensive. Objective. To evaluate the different components of aggressiveness of hyperglycemic female rats in two distinct mating paradigms. Method. DM1 was modeled in OVX Wistar rats by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) diluted in citrate buffer (50 mg/kg, i.p., for 2 consecutive days). Ten days later, female rats were treated with estradiol benzoate (10 microg, -24 hours) and progesterone (3 mg, -4 hours). A group of STZ-treated animals was administered with a long-acting insulin analogue (glargine) every 12 hours for 8 days. Aggression was recorded in non-paced mating (NPM) and paced mating (PM) paradigms. We registered: the first attack latency (FAL), the proportion of females that presented AB and its type (boxing, bites, lateral kicks and twist) and if AB were exhibited defensively or offensively. Results. Hyperglycemic rats showed an increase in lateral kicks in NPM, whereas in PM they exhibited an increase in bites. These behaviors were always defensive and there were no changes in FAL. Insulin reduced AB. Discussion and conclusion. Data indicate that the aggressiveness of hyperglycemic female rats is a form of defense against the proximity of the male and add information about the role of insulin on their modulation.
Actions of progesterone on depression-like behavior in a model of surgical menopause are mediated by GABAA receptors
Authors: Rodríguez-Landa Juan Francisco , Olmos-Vázquez Oscar Jerónimo , Dutra da Costa Bruna Patrícia , Lima-Maximino Monica , Maximino Caio , Guillén-Ruiz Gabriel
Published: January 2020

Introduction. In rats, long-term ovariectomy results in low concentrations of steroid hormones and reproduces anxiety- and depression-like behavior after surgical menopause in women. Progesterone produces antidepressant-like effects two weeks post-ovariectomy (i.e., early post-ovariectomy) through actions on γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, but its antidepressant-like effects and mechanism of action in rats eight weeks post-ovariectomy (i.e., late post-ovariectomy, considered a model of surgical menopause) remain unknown. Objective. To explore the antidepressant-like effects of progesterone and the participation of GABAA receptors in rats eight weeks post-ovariectomy. Method. Long-term ovariectomized female Wistar rats were treated sub-acutely with vehicle or progesterone (.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg) and subjected to the open field and forced swim tests, and behavior was compared with cycling or fluoxetine-treated rats. The rats were then pretreated with picrotoxin (1 mg/kg) followed by progesterone (1 mg/kg) to explore the role of GABAA receptors in long-term-induced depression-like behavior. Results. Long-term ovariectomized rats exhibited depression-like behavior in the forced swim test compared with intact rats, an effect that was not observed in progesterone- and fluoxetine-treated long-term ovariectomized rats. These effects were not attributable to psychomotor alterations. In the open field test, the time spent rearing and grooming was lower in ovariectomized rats compared with intact rats, which was not observed in progesterone- and fluoxetine-treated rats. Picrotoxin blocked the effects of progesterone in both behavioral tests. Discussion and conclusion. These results indicated that sub-acute progesterone treatment reduced depression-like behavior through actions on GABAA receptors in a rat model of surgical menopause.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA OF ARAB NATIONALISM IN THE WORKS OF SATI' AL-HUSRI
Authors: Zhukovskyi I.
Published: January 2020

The article is dedicated to the influence of Sati’ al-Husri philosophical, political and scientific heritage on the formation of Arab Nationalism and Pan-Arabism movements. The author analyzed main Sati’ al-Husri’s works and noted direct citations and references to his ideology. As a synonym of the European word nation Sati’ al-Husri used Arabic term al-ummah. By this concept he understood common language, culture, believes, state, history and common hopes for the future. His theory of Arab nationalism was formed under the influence of European examples, primarily German and Polish national ideas. He was especially interested in the history of nations divided between several states. Thus, Arabs could claim their national identity without united Arab state.

According to Sati’ al-Husri, Arab nation was formed even before the emergence of Islam and the main features of Arab national identity are Arabic language and common history. Even more, Sati’ al-Husri argued that religious ties are weaker than cultural ones, therefore Islam should not be a core of the Arab nationalism. Such approach allowed him to include non-Muslim Arabs into the Arab nation.

In accordance with the theory of Sati’ al-Husri, Arab identity should be above personal liberty. Anyone should be ready to sacrifice himself for the benefit of national idea: “Patriotism and nationalism are above all”. Rejecting personal freedom, Sati’ al-Husri proposed to impose the Arab identity by force among Arabs with another identity – Syrian or Libyan etc. There should not be any other identity except of Arabian – as states Sati’ al-Husri.

During the reign of Faisal I of Iraq Sati’ al-Husri was holding high offices in the ministry of education. His main goal was to educate patriotic and nationalist feelings among students in purpose of making them faithful to the idea of Arab unity.

In conclusions the author states that nationalist ideas of Sati’ al-Husri were authoritarian and manipulative. Despite the long existence of separate Arab states, the idea of Arab unity still remains relevant.