bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapists' Self-Reported Training and Success Rates in Treating Clients with Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Winkelspecht Susan M. , Singg Sangeeta
Published: August 2011

In this two-part study, three groups of therapists (16 psychologists, 11 counselors, and 14 social workers) were compared with regard to their success rates with clients presenting with childhood sexual abuse, and 43 graduate programs were asked whether they offered courses covering counseling techniques with such clients. Therapists' self-reported success rates were not significantly related to therapists' training, but type of therapy was. Given a response rate of 18.6%, self-reports should be treated cautiously. Over two-thirds of the training programs (45% response rate) offered courses covering issues in childhood sexual abuse and 67% offered courses covering counseling techniques with such clients. However, in 85% of these courses, treatment of childhood sexual abuse was a topic covered under more general course headings.
Concurrent Validity of the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test 2 1/2–7–Revised with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–Revised
Authors: Moore Cristal , O'Keefe Stephen L. , Lawhon Del , Tellegen Peter
Published: August 2011

This study examined the concurrent validity of the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test–Revised compared to the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–Revised. Subjects were 25 4-yr.-olds of lower, lower-middle, and middle socioeconomic status from both urban and rural areas of Appalachia. The SON–R IQs correlated .93 and .87 with the WPPSI–R Performance IQs and Full Scale IQs, respectively. The correlation of .45 with Verbal IQs was not significant.
An Undergraduate Course on Adult Development, Aging, and Diversity
Authors: Fried Stephen B. , Mehrotra Chandra M.
Published: August 2011

The authors designed an activity-based general education course on adult development, aging, and diversity. Elements of diversity addressed in the course included ethnicity, race, sex, cohort, religion, and place of residence. 47 students' favorable evaluations suggested such a course may be useful.
Anxiety and Burnout in the Health Care Work Environment
Authors: Turnipseed David L.
Published: August 2011

Burnout is linked to many problems of employees and to organizational effectiveness. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, this study considered the effects of the trait (a personality characteristic), and the state (a response to stressful stimuli) of anxiety to perceived burnout. Analysis showed that scores on both trait and state anxiety were significantly related to scores on burnout. Moderators, including characteristics of the work environment, as measured by selected subscales of the Work Environment Scale were evaluated for their influence on the anxiety-burnout linkage Peer and supervisory support, age, and prior knowledge of work-day situations moderated anxiety about burnout. Other work environment factors functioned as independent predictors of burnout.
Objective Analysis of Text: II. Using an Emotional Compass to Describe the Emotional Tone of Situation Comedies
Authors: Whissell Cynthia
Published: August 2011

Transcripts for episodes from 9 situation comedies (roughly 27,000 words in total) were scored by the program TEXT.NLZ in terms of emotional tone. To promote ease of interpretation scores for the dimensions of pleasantness and activation were depicted as vectors in a normative emotional space. Both numerical and figural representations of the data indicated that the words used in situation comedies were pleasant and mildly active, with small differences occurring between comedies. The emotional characteristics of situation comedies stood out in comparison to those of several other texts depicted in the same emotional space.
Stability of Some Hypothesized Psychological Determinants of Fertility Control
Authors: Quereshi M. Y.
Published: August 2011

Ratings of Self-Status International, a scale designed to measure behavioral and attitudinal correlates of fertility control, was administered to 95 undergraduates on two occasions four weeks apart to estimate the stability of the 12 measured factors. The test-retest correlation of scores from the two times was .58. Ten of the 12 factor scores had estimates of stability ranging between .48 and .69, but two factors yielded coefficients of .23 ( p < .05) and .32 ( p < .01) only, indicating need for revision or reformulation.
The Legacy of Viktor Frankl: An Appreciation upon His Death
Authors: Gerwood Joseph B.
Published: August 2011

Viktor Frankl's death in September of 1997 left a void in psychology and psychiatry. Frankl stressed that meaning and purpose are of paramount importance throughout people's lives. Frankl's own life was an example of his philosophy put into action.
Effects of Risk Factors on Adolescents' Resiliency and Coping
Authors: Jew Cynthia L. , Green Kathy E.
Published: August 2011

The relationships among five factors characterized as placing adolescents at risk for behavioral problems such as dropping out of school or drug and alcohol use, and resiliency and coping were evaluated for a sample of 392 students in Grades 7 to 12. Students self-reported to be at-risk differed in scores on resiliency but not in coping from those with no self-reported risk factors.
Associations of Attributional Dimensions with Emotions in Academic Achievement
Authors: Yamauchi Hikotsugu , Jinnai Momoko
Published: August 2011

To examine relationships between causal dimensions and affects in academic achievement, 87 college students were asked to complete a questionnaire, designed to assess their reactions to the outcome of a midterm examination. The questionnaire consisted of two kinds of measures, causal dimensions and affects. Multiple regression analysis showed the relations of attributional dimensions and the midterm examination outcome to the affective reactions; these results were discussed.
Continuity of Affiliative Relationships among Infants and Juveniles in a Free-Ranging Group of Japanese Monkeys (Macaca Fuscata)
Authors: Kojima Yasuo
Published: August 2011

5 infants were observed during the first 13 mo. after birth in a free-ranging group of Japanese monkeys ( Macaco fuscata) to examine whether they maintained relatively frequent affiliative relationships with particular immature individuals. The number of immature affiliative partners rapidly increased from the first 3-mo. period after birth to the second 4-mo. period after birth, and the infants thereafter maintained affiliative relationships with particular individuals, mostly same-aged infants, at least in the second half of their first year. These findings show that infants were likely to interact with a larger number of different animals in the early stage of development, and thereafter selected particular individuals with whom they maintained affiliative relationships. The effects of sex on the selection of these long-term partners are also discussed.
Note on the Relevance of Dreams for Evolutionary Psychology
Authors: Brubaker Lowell L.
Published: August 2011

In the past in evolutionary psychology both dream theory and content have been largely ignored. Recently exploration of Freudian and Jungian ideas has begun, making a more extensive examination of dreaming desirable. Further, dream content analysis can provide data for testing evolutionary hypotheses concerning behavior.
Anxiety about Foreign Language among Students in French, Spanish, and German Classes
Authors: Bailey Phillip , Onwuegbuzie Anthony J. , Daley Christine E.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether anxiety reported by students while studying foreign language courses in college was similar for 253 college students from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, who were enrolled in either Spanish, French, or German classes. Analysis indicated no difference in anxiety about foreign languages among students in the three classes. In addition, a moderate negative relationship was found between anxiety about learning a foreign language and achievement for all three classes. Recommendations for research are made, including investigating anxiety about other foreign languages.
Motivation Sources Inventory: Development and Validation of New Scales to Measure an Integrative Taxonomy of Motivation
Authors: Barbuto John E. , Scholl Richard W.
Published: August 2011

Scales are developed and tested based on an integrative taxonomy of motivation sources. The sources, as measured on the Motivation Sources Inventory include intrinsic process, instrumental, external self-concept, internal self-concept, and goal internalization. The development procedures produced five subscales with six unique loading items per subscale that seem to capture the domains of interest for each source of motivation. Proposals for research using the inventory are also discussed.
An Exchange about Exchange: A Reply to Bernard Murstein
Authors: Wood Julia T.
Published: August 2011

Not appreciating that acting in ways consistent with exchange principles is not synonymous with acting out of an exchange framework, Murstein misrepresented Wood's work.
Freudian Symbols on Sexual and Creative Aspects of Stories
Authors: Larson Constance J.
Published: August 2011

Sexual content and creativity of stories and story titles was investigated. 96 college students responded to visual presentation of instances of theoretical Freudian symbols. Analyses subjected responses to a 2 (sex) × 2 (symbol) × 2 (mode) × 6 (subscales) analysis of variance with repeated measures on subscales and to multivariate analysis of variance procedures with four dependent measures. These showed men wrote masculine stories and women wrote feminine stories. Certain subscales were more sensitive to sexual content than others. Pairwise comparisons between the subscales among instances of symbols emerged as significant. In addition, subjects exposed to Male symbols wrote stories containing greater latent sexual content than subjects exposed to Female symbols. Creativity of story tides was evident only on a univariate analysis of variance.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Debriefed Survivors of a Bus Accident
Authors: Hovens J. E. , van de Weerd M.
Published: August 2011

Immediately after a severe bus accident a program in preventing posttraumatic stress disorder was started by the Community Mental Health Centre (RIAGG). Six months after the accident, 17 subjects (42.5%) were investigated with regard to posttraumatic stress disorder. Almost 18% appeared to satisfy the DSM-IV criteria. Another subject was considered to be a borderline case. The correlations among measures of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal suggest that subjects with high scores on hyperarousal are at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder.
Predicting the Incidence of AIDS from 1980 to 1995
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Social indices for American states in 1980 predicted 79% of the variance in the incidence of AIDS in the United States of America in 1995.
Sex Differences in Facial Skin Temperature When Exposed to Darkness with and without Warning
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Okuzumi Hideyuki , Hosokawa Toru , Murai Norio
Published: August 2011

The changes in skin temperature under anxiety were investigated by noninvasive measurements. The nasal skin temperature of 20 subjects was assessed by thermography. The measurement of the skin temperature by thermistor causes stress in subjects. The primary advantages of a thermography over use of a thermistor are noninvasive and accurate. Each subject was made anxious under the 2 conditions of sudden darkness (Sudden darkness condition) or experienced darkness (Experienced darkness condition). Under former, after a baseline facial skin temperature was established, the room light was suddenly turned off. The subject remained seated in darkness for 2 min. The time-series changes were significant for women, but not for men. For women, skin temperature significantly declined in sudden darkness. Experiments on experienced darkness were performed a week later. After a baseline facial skin temperature was established, the subject was told; “The room light would be turned off from now on, but please remain seated without moving.” After the instruction, the room light was turned off. The subject remained seated in darkness for 2 min. The resultant time-series changes in skin temperatures were significant in neither men nor women.
Experience of Loss in Famous Suicides
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

42% of a sample of 70 famous suicides had experienced loss of a parent or parent substitutes during the first 18 years of life.
Feedback and Self-Efficacy, Arousal, and Performance of Introverts and Extraverts
Authors: Thompson Roy F. , Perlini Arthur H.
Published: August 2011

Research has suggested that introverts and extraverts differ in their responses to performance feedback. The present study examined the effect on introverts and extraverts of a short-term memory task. Subjects ( ns = 8) were randomly assigned to one of three feedback conditions: positive, negative, or control. On posttest, introverts performed better than extraverts regardless of feedback condition. These findings suggest that individual differences in introversion-extraversion mediate differences in performance through subjective arousal, namely, state-anxiety.
Chronological Age and Receptive Vocabulary of Persons with down Syndrome
Authors: Facon Bruno , Grubar Jean-Claude , Gardez Christine
Published: August 2011

The Test de Vocabulaire en Images (the French version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) and the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale were administered to 29 participants with Down syndrome aged 6.1 yr. to 13.0 yr. Analysis indicated a significant association between chronological age and the Test de Vocabulaire en Images mental age. This finding seems to suggest that the relationship between chronological age and the receptive vocabulary of persons with mental retardation is not specific to etiology.
Counseling Students' Attribution of Diagnostic Credibility to Clinical Supervisors
Authors: Carroll Jane J.
Published: August 2011

Research on factors influencing diagnostic credibility has not been widespread. In this study, agreement ratings for a clinical diagnosis were compared for two groups of students receiving supervision from differently credentialed hypothetical supervisors. Implications of these findings are discussed relative to preparation practices and improving clinical practice. As 190 students who had completed either less than one-half ( n = 112) or more than one-half ( n = 78) of their programs in 9 institutions gave mean ratings of about 5 on a 10-point scale, they did not differentially rate diagnostic credibility of the hypothetical supervisors having credentials as psychiatrists, doctorate-holding counselor education faculty, doctorate-holding psychologists, and doctoral students holding master's degrees in counselor education.
Comparison of Psychopathic and General Offenders in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Valliant Paul M. , Hawkins Terrance J. , Pottier Derek C.
Published: August 2011

Short-term behavioral therapy was provided 28 psychopathic and 29 general offenders. Significant personality differences were found between groups of offenders and minimal changes in aggressiveness variables were observed over the course of treatment.
Positive and Negative Supervisory Experiences Reported by Counseling Trainees
Authors: Chung Y. Barry , Baskin Monica L. , Case Andrew B.
Published: August 2011

2 reviewers identified themes from audiotaped interviews with 6 counseling trainees about their positive and negative experiences during supervision.
The Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory: Development and Validation
Authors: Osman Augustine , Gutierrez Peter M. , Kopper Beverly A. , Barrios Francisco X. , Chiros Christine E.
Published: August 2011

We conducted two studies to develop and validate a brief self-report measure for assessing the frequency of positive and negative thoughts related to suicidal behavior Items on this new measure, the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation inventory, were generated by undergraduates. In Study 1, we administered a 20-item version of the inventory to 150 male and 300 female undergraduates and conducted an exploratory principal axis factor analysis with varimax rotation. Two factors, Positive Ideation and Negative Ideation, were retained. In Study 2, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to validate the fit of the one-factor and the oblique two-factor models to data from another sample of 84 men and 202 women. The oblique two-factor model provided an excellent fit to the sample data. We also examined preliminary evidence of concurrent and predictive validity. Over-all, these findings suggested that the inventory is a well-developed self-report measure for assessing the frequency of positive and negative thoughts related to suicidal behavior.
Perceived Stress as a Function of Occupation
Authors: McLaren Suzanne , Gollan Wendy , Horwell Colin
Published: August 2011

The study compared the perceived stress of 54 male police officers, 99 ambulance officers, and 51 correctional officers. Scores on the Perceived Stress Scale were not high and did not differ among groups.
One-Trial Learning: Predictions about Negative Transfer
Authors: Randall William E. , Goodman David , Dickinson John
Published: August 2011

One-trial learning, though experienced by many has received minimal attention in motor learning research. As previous study in our laboratory provided some support, the present study was designed to follow-up by examining whether there is no expected negative transfer or response competition. 24 subjects were randomly assigned to a Response-Replacement or Stimulus-Replacement group in an ABAB learning study. Prior to testing subjects learned a list of eight S-R pairs to a criterion of two consecutive error-free trials. The stimuli were eight 3-letter nonsense syllables while responses were specific hand signs taken from the Gallaudet Survival Guide to Signing. Once the list had been learned, subjects transferred to a condition in which either three responses or three stimuli were replaced. Subjects were to learn this new list to a criterion of one error-free trial. Once they learned, subjects performed three additional test trials on the new list, without intervening acquisition trials, to assess negative transfer from the old list to the new list. The response-replaced group required significantly more acquisition trials than did the stimulus-replaced group. No significant difference in errors postcriterion between the groups was found. The findings were consistent with Guthrie's (1952) expectations, in that once the new response had been learned, there was no retroactive interference from the initial list.
Adolescents' Perceptions of Caring in Family, Media, School, Peer, and Religious Environments
Authors: Jensen Larry Cyril , Jensen Larry Nickolai
Published: August 2011

Adolescents were asked to select from two-word pairs the one that was emphasized more in their experiences with the environments of school, church, family, friends, or media. One of the word pairs was an indicator of caring, the other of justice. Analysis of responses of 87 adolescents indicated school was perceived as very low in caring compared to family, church, and friends.
A Multidimensional Study of Preference Judgments for Excerpts of Music
Authors: Tekman Hasan Gürkan
Published: August 2011

Subjects evaluated how well they liked each one of 38 short excerpts of Western music and also judged how well each excerpt was described by 23 adjectives. How well an excerpt was liked was negatively correlated with the use of the adjectives ‘unpleasant,’ ‘complex,’ ‘tense,’ and ‘dissonant.’ The use of the adjectives ‘melodic,’ ‘pleasant,’ ‘sentimental,’ and ‘familiar’ was positively related to how well an excerpt was liked. The correlations between the preference judgments of different excerpts were taken as a measure of similarity between the excerpts. This measure of similarity was used in a multidimensional scaling analysis with the purpose of identifying dimension that may determine preferences for music. In the six-dimensional space generated (stress value was .255) coordinates on three of the dimensions could be predicted, in part, by the use of the adjectives ‘sentimental,’ ‘fast,’ and a combination of ‘high pitched,’ ‘calm,’ and ‘sad,’ respectively. Thus, some clues to the factors underlying musical preferences were obtained. Although a large number of dimensions were necessary and all of them could not be interpreted meaningfully here, this method may be developed as a way of conceptualizing musical preferences with a more careful selection of excerpts and more detailed assessment of their qualities.
What Proportion of Newspaper Stories about Child Molestation Involves Homosexuality?
Authors: Cameron Paul , Cameron Kirk
Published: August 2011

Do homosexuals disproportionately molest children? A survey of 8 of the nation's newspaper news stories of child molestation during the first 9 months of 1995 showed that about 40% of child molestation stories in the major cities involve homosexuality. An Internet survey of FirstSearch for 1989 through 1995 indicated 46%, and of Newsbank for 1990 through 1995 60% of molestations were homosexual. About half of teachers, day care workers and other professionals caught molesting children assaulted them homosexually. It is argued that large unbiased sets of newspaper news stories appear to approximate the figures for incidence of child molestation by those occupying a newsworthy status but overreport homosexual molestation in general.
Predictive Validity of the Graduate Record Examination in Education
Authors: Ji Chang-Ho C.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated 170 students in education for the relations among Graduate Record Examination scores, graduate GPA, academic major, ethnicity, and nationality in combination with sex, undergraduate GPA, and the degree pursued. Regression analyses indicated that the GRE-Quantitative and GRE-Verbal scores accounted for 16% and 6% of the variance, respectively. Academic background, ethnicity, nationality, degree, sex, and undergraduate GPA did not predict success in graduate work in education. The study also suggested that caution must be taken in using GRE scores as graduate admission criteria for Asian ( n = 19) and African American ( n = 14) students, although a larger sample is required to draw this conclusion.
Reinforcement of Performance Estimation in Introductory Psychology
Authors: Harris L. J.
Published: August 2011

64 undergraduates enrolled in two sections of introductory psychology estimated their performance on each of four upcoming classroom tests. One section ( n = 30, 14 men and 16 women) received extra credit for accurate predictions of their test scores and the other section ( n = 34, 15 men and 19 women) received no reinforcement. On each of the four tests, the group who received reinforcement produced significantly more accurate predictions of their scores.
Intelligence in Bulgaria
Authors: Lynn Richard , Paspalanova Elena , Stetinsky Dimitar , Tzenova Bistra
Published: August 2011

The Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test was standardised in 1982 on a sample of 11- to 17-yr.-old Bulgarian adolescents. In relation to the American test norms, the Bulgarian sample had a mean IQ of 95, making them about the same.
Assessing Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Influence Behavior Questionnaire
Authors: Blickle Gerhard
Published: August 2011

The purpose was to study convergent and discriminant validity of the 1997 Influence Behavior Questionnaire (short version) used to assess lateral attempts at influence. 479 German employees participated in a multitrait-multimethod study with nine trait measures (Rational Persuasion, Inspirational Appeal, Consultation, Ingratiation, Exchange, Personal Appeal, Coalition, Legitimating, Pressure) and two methods (self- and peer-ratings). Data, analyzed with incomplete structural equation models, supported scales' convergent but not discriminant validity of the influence scales.
Helplessness, Hopelessness, and Haplessness and Suicidality
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 141 college students, scores on depression and suicidal ideation were best predicted by scores on hopelessness, while a history of attempted suicide was best predicted by helplessness.
Emotional and Outcome Responses to Experiences of Negative Rewards
Authors: Doherty Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2011

Self-described experiences by 75 public school teachers indicated a significant emotional aspect to the rewards they perceived as “negative” which in some cases resulted in a decrease in their job satisfaction and commitment toward the job.
Smoking Cessation and Weight Gain in Smokers Participating in a Behavioral Treatment at 3-Year Follow-up
Authors: Becoña Elisardo , Vazquez Fernando L.
Published: August 2011

This study assessed the weight gain for the short- and long-term (36 mo. follow-up) in a sample of 158 smokers (71 men and 87 women), who participated in a multicomponent behavioral smoking-cessation program. Weight was evaluated with a self-reported questionnaire, with an over-all mean pretreatment weight of 65.3 Kg ( SD = 12.6). All individuals tended to gain weight. Afterwards, the mean for quitters ( n = 42) increased by 2.0 Kg at 36-mo. follow-up and the mean for nonquitters ( n = 116) by 0.6 Kg. Among abstinent people no significant differences were found by sex at 36 mo. but significant mean differences were found in those subjects (quitters) older than 35 yr. who gained 4.1 Kg compared with 1.2 Kg in the group 35 yr. or younger.
Evaluating a Brief Parental-Education Program for Parents of Young Children
Authors: Nicholson Bonnie C. , Janz Patricia C. , Fox Robert A.
Published: August 2011

The effectiveness of a brief parental-education program for 40 families with very young children was studied. Families were assigned to either a parental-education or waiting-list control group. The parental-education program included information and strategies drawn from developmental and cognitive psychology and social learning theory. Analysis showed that participating parents significantly reduced their use of corporal and verbal punishment, changed their parenting attitudes, and improved their perceptions of their children's behavior in comparison to the control group. Effects were maintained at six weeks follow-up. Results supported tailoring parental-education programs to the unique needs of participants.
Note on Preferred Use of Ethnic Identity Labels by Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Canadians
Authors: Bowd Alan , Brady Patrick
Published: August 2011

86 university students (36 native, 50 nonnative) responded to a questionnaire assessing attitudes toward natives after being assigned randomly to use one of five ethnic identity labels. Native respondents rated natives uniformly more positively regardless of ethnic identity label, and described their own ethnic heritage most often using tribal terms rather than identity labels employed by nonnatives.
Sensitivity to Disgust among College Women by Major
Authors: Sherman Nancy C. , Sherman Martin F.
Published: August 2011

260 women undergraduates by chosen major differed in their sensitivity to disgust, with 49 nursing students reporting less than students in several other majors; however, as expected, this was true only in domains related to their intended occupation such as “body products” and “contact with death.”
The Environmental Deprivation Scale as a Predictor of Academic Performance
Authors: Long Carolyn K. , Witherspoon A. D.
Published: August 2011

Scores of 72 college students on the Environmental Deprivation Scale were correlated with grade point averages and accumulated credit hours. Significant negative values indicated that high scale scores may be predictive of poor academic performance (low GPAs). Further analysis identified specific areas for intervention with students at risk for dropping out.
Beck Depression Inventory-II: College Population Study
Authors: O'Hara Marie M. , Sprinkle Stephen D. , Ricci Nina A.
Published: August 2011

This study expands on the normative data available for the newly revised Beck Depression Inventory-II. Data from both an outpatient, counseling-center sample ( n = 152: 106 women, 46 men) and a classroom sample ( n = 152: 79 women, 65 men) of college students are presented, including sex differences on the inventory. Means and standard deviations of individual items and total scores are reported, along with statistical tests of differences between groups. Comparisons of these data with norms reported by the authors of the inventory (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) are offered. The lack of sex differences found in comparison of total scores for both samples is presented. Implications for the use of the inventory with college populations are discussed.
Fisher and Cleveland Barrier and Penetration Scores for Italian Adult and Adolescent Sample: Comparison of Two Versions Scored on Zulliger Test
Authors: Zennaro Alessandro , Lis Adriana
Published: August 2011

The aim of this paper is to extend work by Fisher and Cleveland on Barrier and Penetration scores to Italian samples of 286 normal adults and adolescents. The scores were based on Zulliger test protocols administered according to Exner's instructions. Two versions of the scores of both 1958 and 1970 versions were compared. Discussion also concerned variables which might have influenced the scores.
Suicide and the Shame of Exposure
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

A recent spate of suicides among those investigated by a Royal Commission in Australia on police corruption leads to the recommendation of mental health resources being provided for such investigations.
Attire and Charitable Behavior
Authors: Levine Lindsay R. , Bluni Thomas D. , Hochman Sidney H.
Published: August 2011

College students walking in the hallways of their school were asked by three female confederates to donate money into a canister to benefit a national charity. Confederates were dressed in “preppy” attire for half of the trials and in “messy” attire for the remaining trials. Each confederate approached 60 subjects (30 under each condition of dress) to request donations. Analysis indicated that the requester's attire significantly affected giving. Both male and female subjects were more likely to donate when the confederate was well-dressed. These findings support and extend earlier data with adults and with nonaltruistic requests; implications for charitable endeavors are drawn. Suggestions for research are also provided.
Family Correlates of South African Students' Self-Concept: A Regression Surface Analysis
Authors: Marjoribanks Kevin , Mboya Mzobanzi
Published: August 2011

This study examined relationships between family social status, perceptions of proximal family environment and students' self-concept scores. Data were collected from 189 female and 146 male 18-yr.-old South Africans. Regression surfaces were constructed from models that included terms to account for linear, interaction, and curvilinear associations among the variables. The study suggests the general propositions (a) family social status and proximal family environment combine to have large associations with students' general self-concept and small to medium associations with scores on measures of specific self-concept, (b) proximal family environment is related more strongly to self-concept scores than is family social status, (c) there are complex interaction and curvilinear relationships between family and self-concept scores, and (d) there are sex differences in the nature of the associations between family social status, proximal family environment, and students' self-concept.
Involvement of Alcohol in Murder Suicides
Authors: Cantor Chris , McTaggart Philippa
Published: August 2011

The blood alcohol levels present post mortem for all murder-suicides identified via the Queensland Suicide Register were compared with those of a sample of suicides matched on age, sex and method. No differences in the levels of alcohol were found.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Depression in Mothers of Children with Severe Burn Injuries
Authors: Fukunishi Isao
Published: August 2011

This study examined posttraumatic stress symptoms and depressive symptoms in mothers of children with burn injuries from accidentally falling into a bathtub filled with hot water. Subjects were 16 pairs, children with burn injuries and their mothers. Psychiatric interviews were administered to the mothers to check the presence or absence of mental disorders. The severity of mothers' depressive symptoms was rated on the Hamilton Depression Scale. Prevalence rates of DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression were 6.3% and 0% in children with burn injury and 12.5% and 18.8% in their mothers, respectively. For three symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (intense distress at similar event, restricted range of affect, and hypervigilance), prevalence rates were significantly higher for the mothers than for the children. Ratings of the three symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder for the mothers were significantly and positively correlated with scores for guilt feelings. Compared with children with burn injury, mothers are prone to posttraumatic stress symptoms mixed with guilt feelings for children with burn injury.
Locus of Control, Sex, and Attitudes toward Suicide
Authors: Nelson Paul A. , Singg Sangeeta
Published: August 2011

A sample of 191 college students were administered the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire and the Rotter Locus of Control Scale. Significant differences in endorsement were obtained on 2 of the 8 Suicide Opinion Questionnaire scales with respect to sex and locus of control.
Is Belief in a Just World Rational?
Authors: Stowers Deborah A. , Durm Mark W.
Published: August 2011

To estimate the relationship between the belief in a just world and irrational thinking, 62 undergraduates completed the Jones Irrational Beliefs Test and the Multidimensional Belief in a Just World Scale. It was hypothesized that belief in a just world precluded rational thinking. No significant correlations were found between scores on irrational beliefs and beliefs in a just world; however, post hoc tests indicated a significant relationship between age and scores on irrational belief in women, indicating that perhaps the older women were less prone to irrational beliefs.
Psychology of the Scientist: LXXVIII. Relevance of a Scientist's Ideology in Communal Recognition of Scientific Merit
Authors: Meehl Paul E.
Published: August 2011

A scientist's work product can usually be rationally appraised apart from ideology. “Bad science” includes formal and material fallacies and poor data; nonoptimal judgment calls and theorizing refuted by later knowledge do not count. In bestowing encomiums, a scientific organization with multiple goals may consider—with caution and wide tolerance—social impact where ideological applications abhorrent to most members or unethical conduct qua scientist become relevant. Members valuing only scientific merit may either effect policy change within the organization or join another. A scientist who extrapolates scientific theory to make social policy judgments should emphasize the limitations of technical expertise in these matters.
Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale
Authors: Humphris G. M. , Wong H-M. , Lee G. T. R.
Published: August 2011

An 8-question Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale was developed to assess children's concerns about specific dental procedures. These dental situations include examination, scale and polish, injection, filling, extraction, and relative and general anaesthesia. A question about how the child felt generally when visiting the dentist was also included. Children ( n = 314) from two schools in Liverpool, ages 8 to 15 years, completed a questionnaire including the modified scale, Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale, the Dental Fear Survey Schedule for Children, and background questions (age, sex and previous dental experience). The internal consistency was favourable (α = .84) and test-retest reliability acceptable. This initial study suggests that the scale may be useful in trials to assess the benefits of interventions to assist children receive dental treatment.
Love Styles among Guatemalans in a Local Village
Authors: Parra Fernando , Brown Wayne C. , Huynh Phung D. , Stubbs Elizabeth C. , Amerson Kendra C. , Leon Joseph J. , Ruch Libby O. , Martinez Chirley
Published: August 2011

81 participants in a village in Guatemala were administered a translated version of the 1986 Love Attitudes Scale of Hendrick and Hendrick. Analysis showed that the men scored significantly higher on the Ludus love style than the women. Research among other Latinos outside the United States is suggested.
Consumers' Ethnocentrism and Fashion Leadership
Authors: Beaudoin Pierre , Goldsmith Ronald E. , Moore Mary Ann
Published: August 2011

This paper reports the results of two surveys of female consumers in Florida to discover whether fashion leadership was associated with ethnocentrism or how consumers feel about purchasing foreign-made products. Age was uncorrelated with fashion leadership in each study and only weakly correlated with consumers' ethnocentrism in Study 1 ( r = .12). In Study 1 ( n = 641) there was no relationship between fashion leadership and consumers' ethnocentrism. In Study 2 ( n = 286), the correlation was weak ( r = −.21); greater fashion leadership was associated with lower opposition to buying imported products.
Attitudes toward Suicide among South African Secondary School Pupils
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Cherian Varghese I. , Cherian Lily
Published: August 2011

This study investigated attitudes towards suicide among 622 Standard 9 (U.S. Grade 11) secondary school pupils chosen at random from schools throughout the Northern Province in South Africa. The pupils were 254 (41%) boys and 368 (59%) girls in the age range of 17 to 24 years, with a mean age of 19.3 yr. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on attitudes and other measures. There were 31 (17%) parasuicidal boys and 34 (13%) girls. Major intentions or reasons to commit suicide mentioned were “failing to solve problems” and “mental illness.” Most frequent possible suicide methods were firearms, pills, or poison. Significant associations were found with having a friend or relative who committed suicide, parasuicide (oneself), depression, stress events, ethnicity, and attitudes towards suicide.
Psychology in the Czech Republic, 1995–1998
Authors: Brožek Josef , Hoskovec Jiří
Published: August 2011

In the spirit of earlier reports (1990–1995), the present communication covers developments at Czech universities, research institutes, societies and journals, international meetings, Czech-American research—biological and social, historiography of psychology in English, Czech-Slovak cooperation, and perspectives on applied psychology.
Effects of Task on the Activation of Predictive Inferences
Authors: Waking Douglas A. , Kluttz Christy L.
Published: August 2011

Research on the activation of predictive inferences has provided inconsistent results that may be explained within a contextual view of reading. The present study tested whether the type of test for explicit memory would affect the activation of knowledge-based predictive inferences. The information necessary for the activation of a predictive inference was provided to readers in four different conditions (no inference, local processing, global processing, coherence). Manipulation was accomplished by varying the type of question asked after reading the passage (verbatim, factual, or inference). Analysis suggests predictive inferences are automatically activated and not affected by contextual factors such as the question. Consequently, the current data do not provide clear support for a contextual view of comprehension. These conclusions are supported by a two-stage view of elaborative processing.
Exploring the Lecturer-Student Relationship: Preferences of a Sample of Undergraduate Students in Business Management
Authors: Mji Andile , Kalashe Lwazikazi
Published: August 2011

This paper describes preferences of the lecturer-student relationship of 169 first-year undergraduates in business management. They were dependent on authority to guide them but wished to be treated as equals by their faculty.
Life Role Salience Scales: Additional Evidence for Construct Validation
Authors: McCutcheon Lynn E.
Published: August 2011

Two studies were carried out to validate the Life Role Salience Scales, designed to provide measures of valuing and commitment to occupational, marital, parental, and home-care roles. In Study 1, 215 employed adults filled out the scales and a measure of job happiness. Scores on the latter did not correlate with those on the Occupational subscale of the Life Role Salience Scales. As predicted, single subjects scored lower on the Parental and Marital subscales and higher on the Occupational subscale than married ones. In Study 2, 81 married couples filled out the Life Role Salience Scales and the Purpose-in-Life Scale. As predicted, the scores were significantly related. Couples' scores were no more similar to each other than those of a matched group of nominally married couples.
Implementation of Micro Experimental Laboratory into an Undergraduate Psychology Class
Authors: Ferraro F. Richard
Published: August 2011

This paper describes the use of the Micro Experimental Laboratory (MEL Lab) software program in an upper-division undergraduate psychology laboratory course (Cognitive Psychology). MEL Lab provided solid, practical information to 65 students and the teacher about the conduct of psychological research.
Relation of Self-Concept with Scholastic Achievement of High School Pupils in South Africa
Authors: Cherian V. I. , Moeketsi J. A.
Published: August 2011

In assessing the relationship between rated self-concept and scholastic achievement of 227 Grade 12 students (ages ranging from 15 to 35 years) in the Northern Province of South Africa, questionnaire scores had a Cronbach a of .81. Ratings correlated .22 with matriculation examination grades.
A Neglected Window on Hypothesis Testing in Adolescence: Explicit Standard Order Conditional Selection Tasks
Authors: Langford Peter E.
Published: August 2011

The paper reported four experiments on explicit standard order conditional selection tasks, which permit more direct inference of subjects' strategies than do other conditional selection tasks. The experiments allowed plausible rational support-seeking strategies to be reduced from nine to three, disproof strategies from six to three The main strategy in early adolescence was either (1) models-based deduction, as suggested by Johnson-Laird and Byrne in 1991 or (2) rules-based deduction, as suggested by Rips in 1994, with a factual attitude to hypothesis and offered information. In late adolescence a substantial minority adopt a hypothetical attitude to both these things, which may be applied with either of these strageties or with (3) the nondeductive strategy suggested by Langford and Hunting in 1994. This general picture of developmental possibilities can be extended to Inhelder's and Piaget's problems requiring information search to test conditional and biconditional hypotheses, in particular their chemicals, pendulum, and rods problems. This extension is obtained by assuming that adolescents acquire a range of strategies for problems requiring more or less focussed information search, conditional selection tasks requiring the former, Piagetian formal operations tasks tending towards the latter. Current evidence does not indicate whether strategies (1) or (2) are dominant in younger adolescents or whether strategies (1) or (2) or (3) are dominant in older adolescents. Thus, the Piagetian argument that formal operations thinking passes from factual rules-based deduction to hypothetical rules-based deduction is only one of several styles of theory that can readily accommodate current evidence in this area.
Affiliation, Community Size, and Destination in Return of Lost Letters
Authors: Bridges F. Stephen , Ryan Stu , Scheibe Jennifer J.
Published: August 2011

Two field studies used 2400 “lost letters” to test the hypothesis that return rates would be greater from smaller rural communities (population Ms = 1729) than from a city (population M = 60,591), unless the addressee was affiliated with a socially or politically deviant group. Addresses' affiliations were significantly associated with different rates of return in both studies. In Study A, community size and addressees' affiliations were significantly associated with different rates of return in the city and smaller rural communities, rates generally being greater in the city even when the people in need of help were affiliated with the deviant “For Prostitution, or Female and Male Sex Workers.” Destinations were not associated with return rates in either study. In Study B, community size and addressees' affiliation were significantly associated with different rates of return in only smaller rural communities. Return rates were lower than those from the city except when the person was affiliated with the deviant “NORML or Legalized Prostitution” addressees.
Incarcerated Women: I. A Comparison of College and Noncollege Inmates
Authors: Trice Ashton D. , Schanning Kevin F.
Published: August 2011

Whether inmates who participate in college programs have better postrelease outcomes than those who do not participate is controversial, with opponents of college prison programs suggesting that college programs' successes are due to selectivity. 150 women in a state prison, including 61 women in a college program and 89 women sampled from the general population, were compared. Only 7 of 34 variables significantly differentiated the two groups. The percentage of women who had used marijuana, rates of mothers' arrests, length of time served, rates of physical abuse, participation in vocational programs, and percent incarcerated for violent offences were higher among the women in the college program, who were more likely to be first-time offenders.
The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence in a Spanish Sample
Authors: Becoña Elisardo , Vázquez Fernando L.
Published: August 2011

The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was developed to improve the reliability and validity of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. In this study, we examined the applicability of the Spanish version of such test as well as its relationship to sex, age, and consumption of cigarettes, in a representative sample of smokers from Galicia, Spain ( N = 646).
Why Do Women Treated for Breast Cancer Report Good Health despite Disease or Disability? A Pilot Study
Authors: Justice Blair
Published: August 2011

Few studies have explained the basis on which people with acknowledged physical pathology or disability report good self-perceived health. This limited qualitative study of 13 women identified two common pathways to subjective health taken by women treated for breast cancer, each involving a shift in emphasis from being healthy physically to being whole emotionally, relationally, or spiritually.
Teachers' Personalities and Students' Behavior in Referrals for Special Education
Authors: Hill Ruth Bailey , Baldo Anthony J. , D'Amato Rik Carl
Published: August 2011

84 regular classroom teachers completed four self-report personality scales (self-concept, tolerance, locus of control, and teachers' efficacy) and reviewed hypothetical records of three types of students (withdrawn, acting-out, and neutral) and made decisions for referral for each student to special education. Scores for self-concept, tolerance, locus of control, and teachers' efficacy were not related to their decisions to refer across types of students.