bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heart Rate Variability: A Psychophysiological Factor Related to Both Regular Physical Activity and Eudaimonic Well‐Being Among Young Adults
Authors: Murakami Yoshino , Goto Daisuke , Tsukamoto Hayato , Yamaura Kazuho , Hashimoto Takeshi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Eudaimonic well‐being (EWB), which refers to optimal human functioning, is associated with psychophysiological outcomes, such as reduced inflammation and a lower risk of depression. Although physical activity (PA) and mindfulness have been shown to be predictive factors for EWB, potential mediators of the relationships of PA or mindfulness with EWB have yet to be identified. PA, mindfulness‐related psychophysiological factors (including serotonin [5‐HT], oxytocin [OXT]), and dopamine [DA] levels), and heart rate variability (HRV) have been shown to be associated with mental disorders or emotion regulation capacity.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the potential psychophysiological factors associated with PA, mindfulness and EWB.

Methods

A total of 49 young adults (25 males, 24 females) were included with an average age of 25 years (± 5). Plasma 5‐HT, OXT, and DA levels were obtained via blood samples from the brachial vein and were analyzed with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and HRV was obtained via 5‐min electrocardiograms (ECGs), with participants in the supine position. Spearman's correlation analyses were performed, followed by partial correlation analyses controlling for age, sex, and social status (i.e., student or working professional).

Results

HRV was found to be positively correlated with both moderate‐intensity PA (r = 0.47, p = 0.04) and EWB (purpose in life; r = 0.50, p = 0.03), even after controlling for relevant variables. On the other hand, neither 5‐HT, OXT, nor DA was correlated with PA, mindfulness, and EWB.

Conclusion

These results suggest that HRV may mediate the relationship between PA and EWB. Additional intervention studies are needed to elucidate the causal relationships among PA, HRV, and EWB.
Factors Related to Parents' Sensitivity to Violence Against Child in Türkiye: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Dogan Ozge Nur , Artan Taner , Arifoglu Ahmed Taha , Arici Aylin
Published: January 2025

The literature indicates that parents can also be perpetrators of violence against children, which is influenced by various factors. This study investigated the relationships between parents' prosocial behaviour, educational status and adverse childhood experiences on their tendency to engage in physical violence against children. A quantitative research design and convenience sampling were utilized, with 500 parents residing in Türkiye, who had children under 18 years of age. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05, with a reliability interval of 95%. The data were evaluated using a moderated moderation analysis method. The results of the study indicated that the asssociation of parents' adverse childhood experiences on prosocial behaviour and sensitivity to child‐directed violence varies depending on their level of education. The interaction between adverse childhood experiences and educational level was found to have a significant association with the relationship between parents' prosocial behaviour and sensitivity to child‐directed violence. Various recommendations were made at the end of the study.
Phytochemical‐Based Drug Discovery for Breast Cancer: Combining Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics to Identify Novel Therapeutics
Authors: Durgawale Trupti Pratik , Rajashakar V. , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Banu S. Shakila , Galla Sri Hari , Singh Jyoti , Rao A. Anka , Prasad P. Dharani , Chaudhari Pritam Bhagawat , Mortuza Mohammad Rakib , Sweilam Sherouk Hussein , Asiri Mohammed , Amin Md Al , Utpal Biswajit Kumar , Mohammad Badrud Duza
Published: January 2025

Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), a pivotal signaling protein, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, such as cell growth, survival, and differentiation. There is currently a growing interest in MELK as a promising therapeutic target for multiple cancers, including triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Exploring MELK as a target offers a prospective strategy to impede cancer progression and enhance the efficacy of conventional anticancer therapies. In this study, we employed a multistep docking procedure to evaluate the anticancer potential of phyto‐compounds from the NPACT and PhytoHub databases targeting the MELK protein. A collection of 23 740 compounds underwent hierarchical multistep docking, accompanied by an analysis of binding interactions. The extensive analysis identified five compounds (PHUB000697, PHUB002010, NPACT00373, PHUB002005, and PHUB001739) as potent inhibitors of the MELK protein, exhibiting docking scores lower than −11 Kcal/mol, that is, −12.90, −12.00, −11.23, −11.19, and −11.09 Kcal/mol, respectively. PHUB000697 exhibited very crucial interactions with Gly20, Lys40, Cys89, and Glu93 (2.74 Å). To evaluate the stability of protein–ligand interactions in dynamic states, 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted using the entire trajectory, revealing a substantial binding affinity for all identified compounds toward the MELK protein. Consequently, these five compounds emerge as promising candidates for future drug development targeting the MELK protein in treating TNBC. However, experimental assessment is essential to understand the molecular interaction mechanisms better. We are aiming to report a few in vitro and in vivo studies on these compounds to validate the computational results.
A Novel Technique of “Drag‐Drill” for Retrograde Chronic Total Occlusion Revascularization in Heavily Calcified Tortuous Lesions: A Case Report
Authors: Yang Shengwen , Zhao Lin , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2025

We report the case of a 73‐year‐old male with a history of recurrent coronary interventions who presented with progressive angina and was diagnosed with a chronic total occlusion (CTO) of a heavily calcified and tortuous right coronary artery (RCA). Standard antegrade and retrograde techniques were attempted but failed due to the complexity of the lesion. A novel “Drag‐Drill” technique was employed, utilizing a retrogradely externalized RG3 guidewire as a rotational atherectomy wire, enabling successful rotational atherectomy and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The technique involved protecting the distal tip of the guidewire with a retrograde microcatheter to maintain stability and prevent vascular injury. At the 3‐month follow‐up, the patient remained angina‐free. This case highlights the “Drag‐Drill” strategy as an innovative and effective approach for the treatment of severely calcified and tortuous CTO lesions, underscoring the importance of tailored techniques in complex cases.
Liposarcoma of the Spermatic Cord With Signs and Symptoms Mimicking the Inguinal Hernia: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mansour Somar , Layka Khedr , Mansour Abdallah N. , Mansour Majd N. , Mansour Majd E. , Muhammad Muhammad Sinan , Issa Rana
Published: January 2025

Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord (LSC) is extremely rare; < 200 cases were reported in the medical literature. Because of the rarity of these tumors and their presentation as a painless inguinal or scrotal mass, preoperative diagnosis is uncertain and they are frequently misdiagnosed as inguinal hernias.
Poly(1,3‐Dioxolane)‐Modified Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 as the Electrolyte for Enhanced Solid Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Pan Qi , Yang Wanliang , Wu Chen , Xie Dongjia , Wang Yuan
Published: January 2025

Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) as the solid‐electrolyte has attracted much attention for Li‐ion batteries. However, the unstable LATP/Li interface and the insufficient contact between the anode/cathode and LATP usually lead to the structural collapse of LATP and the large solid–solid interfacial resistance for Li+ transport. Herein, a poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDOL) adhesive layer was constructed by a Al(OTf)3‐induced in‐situ solidification process between the interface of LATP and anode/cathode. Such PDOL interfacial adhesive layer alleviates adverse reduction reactions at the LATP/Li interface and provides stable and well‐contacted bilateral electrode interfaces. Benefitting from the PDOL interfacial adhesive, the Li|adhesive‐LATP|Li symmetric cells achieve a current density up to 0.7 mA cm−2 and exhibit a good cycling stability for more than 2750 h at 0.1 mA cm−2, and the Li|adhesive‐LATP|LiFePO4 solid‐state batteries with interface modification exhibit a capacity of 158 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C with a retention of 94 % after 100 cycles.
Controlled Self‐assembly of Nanographdiynes Mediated by Molecular Dipoles Induced by Rotatory Asymmetric Substituents
Authors: Chen Jing , He Jingyi , Wu Xingzhong , Li Yongjun
Published: January 2025

The discrete π‐ stacks of specific lengths and orientation is crucial for understanding the impact of intermolecular interactions on optical or electronic properties of nanographdiynes. We designed and synthesized nanographdiynes modified with bulky rotatable asymmetric substituents. The peripheral substituents with different push‐pull electronic properties can induce molecular dipoles perpendicular to nanoGDY π surface with different orientation. Mediated by directional dipole‐dipole interactions, o‐TBGDY substituted with electron‐donating tert‐butylphenyl groups cofacially dimerized with a twist angle, involving intermolecular interlocking of ortho‐substituted tert‐butylphenyl groups. In contrast, OTFGDY substituted with electron‐withdrawing trifluorophenyl groups formed dimeric H‐aggregates with an in‐plane shift along one diyne linkage, in which the ortho‐substituted trifluorophenyl groups point toward the outside of the interacting π‐plane. o‐TBGDY can only exist as isolated H‐dimer in the solid state, while OTFGDY can form a hybrid tetramer of H‐ and J‐aggregates. Our researches reveal a new method for preparing discrete π‐stacked dye assemblies with well‐defined optoelectronic properties.
Catalytic Asymmetric De Novo Synthesis of Chiral Pyrroles Through Desymmetrizing Oxidative [3+2]‐Cycloaddition and the Van Leusen Reaction
Authors: Khuntia Rupkumar , Maity Diptendu , Chandra Pan Subhas
Published: January 2025

Central chirality in heteroarene derivatives arising from unsymmetrically substituted heteroarene rings is an intriguing but underexplored topic. Herein, we reported the first catalytic enantioselective de novo construction of centrally chiral pyrroles through desymmetrizing oxidative [3+2]‐cycloaddition by employing silver catalysis. This judicious desymmetrization can produce at least four continuous stereogenic centers without creating any additional stereocenter. Furthermore, to introduce a more diverse set of substituents, we developed the first catalytic asymmetric Van Leusen reaction with α–substituted TosMIC for the synthesis of centrally chiral pyrroles. A wide range of polycyclic 2‐substituted, 3,4‐fused pyrroles were obtained in high yields and with good to high enantioselectivities. This report includes the elaboration of methanobenzo[f]isoindole to synthetically challenging building block chiral isoindole compounds, which are synthesized enantioselectively for the first time.
Designing Multifunctional AIEgens by Molecular Engineering of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine For Color Tunable Molecular Salts, Anti‐Counterfeit Applications and Sensing of Mn2+, Ag+, and Fe3+
Authors: Yashwantrao Gauravi , Naik Vaishnavi , Badani Purav , Saha Satyajit
Published: January 2025

Mechanochromic materials, known for their ability to change color in response to mechanical stimuli such as pressure, stretching, grinding, or rubbing, hold significant importance due to their diverse applications. In this study, we synthesized and characterized two novel pyridine‐tethered imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine mechanoresponsive luminogens with appended tetraphenylethene, named GBY‐10 and GBY‐11. GBY‐10 exhibited reversible mechanofluorochromism, while GBY‐11 did not revert to its original color after solvent fuming. The photophysical properties of these luminogens were significantly influenced by the position of the terminal pyridine. Additionally, we created color‐tunable mechanoresponsive molecular salts by co‐grinding GBY‐11 with various aryl acid derivatives. Co‐grinding GBY‐11 with pentafluorobenzoic acid resulted in a significant bathochromic shift of the emission maxima by 66 nm, compared to 37 nm and 12 nm shift for benzoic acid and para‐nitrobenzoic acid, respectively. This counter‐ion‐dependent luminescence suggests strong electronic interactions between the counter ions. These luminogens also demonstrated reversible pH‐responsive behaviour, making them suitable for anti‐counterfeiting applications. Furthermore, the pyridine‐functionalized luminogen, GBY‐10, showed metal ion detection (Mn2+, Ag+, Fe3+) ability in water, with detection limits as low as 0.0043, 0.015, and 0.0029 mM, respectively. This report opens new avenues for designing promising AIE‐active materials for potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting, sensing, optoelectronics, and biomedicine. A de‐novo approach of engineering imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine scaffold to mechanoresponsive AIE‐active molecules for anti‐counterfeiting and metal sensing applications. By co‐grinding the designed luminogens with various aryl acid derivatives, color tuneable mechanoresponsive molecular salts can be further developed.
Modelling and kinetics of the toluene/methylcyclohexane‐based hydrogen storage system
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Li Peiya , Wang Shiyuan , Lu Shuhan , Shi Qinchuan , Wang Bin , Gong Xiang , Yang Fusheng , Fang Tao
Published: January 2025

The coupling of toluene and methylcyclohexane is one of the most promising liquid organic hydrogen carriers. In this study, the kinetics models of toluene hydrogenation and methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation are established. The reactions were carried out in fixed bed reactors, and the kinetics parameters were fitted with the obtained data. In this experiment, hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions were carried out under ambient pressure. Ni/SGA_CnTES catalyst was employed for toluene hydrogenation, the fitting activation energy is 36.27 kJ/mol, and the preexponential factor is 1212 s−1. Meanwhile, the catalyst of Pt/MgAl2O4 was for methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation, the fitting activation energy is 83.92 kJ/mol, and the preexponential factor is 7.28 × 106 s−1. Aspen Plus was used to simulate on a larger scale and determine the optimal process conditions: the optimum reaction conditions for toluene hydrogenation were determined to be 185°C and 0.3 MPa, and the optimized hydrogen flow rate is 3970 kg/d (The molar ratio is 5.88). Additionally, the optimal conditions for methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation are 325°C and 0.15 MPa.
A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Surface Soil Wetness and Its Uncertainty Analysis Over the Tel River Basin, India
Authors: Sankalp Sovan , Sahoo Bibhuti Bhusan , Gupta Sushindra Kumar , Bhushan Mani , Majhi Rajib Kumar , DT Santosh
Published: January 2025

Surface soil moisture (SSM) refers to the capacity of the top layer of soil to hold moisture. It is an essential part of the budget for surface water. Soil moisture monitoring is crucial to reduce the effects of precipitation deficits and determine the best ways to manage natural ecosystems in the face of climate change. The current study collected daily SSW data from MERRA‐2 for the Tel River Basin in Odisha, India, from 2001 to 2020 with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.625°. To forecast SSW time series (SSWTS) one step ahead, this study examines the reliability of three deep learning (DL) models: gated recurrent unit (GRU), long short‐term memory (LSTM), and simple recurrent neural network (simpleRNN). This study aims to address the following research questions: (1) How accurately can DL models predict SSWTS? (2) Which DL model—GRU, LSTM, or simpleRNN—is the most reliable for SSW forecasting? (3) How can the uncertainty in the predicted SSW be quantified and analyzed? Further, in an uncertainty investigation on SSW projected values, a Wilson score technique was employed to evaluate the uncertainty of the DL methods. GRU has outdone the other two models in forecasting monthly SSW with a 12‐lookback timestep with a lower error for all the stations. The model appeared more accurate as it declined in gradient on larger sequencing samples. GRU's ability to remember significant prior knowledge, whereas discarding irrelevant data may assist in finding a novel, dependable solution for SSWTS forecasting.
Polynomial lower bound on the effective resistance for the one‐dimensional critical long‐range percolation
Authors: Ding Jian , Fan Zherui , Huang Lu‐Jing
Published: January 2025

In this work, we study the critical long‐range percolation (LRP) on , where an edge connects and independently with probability 1 for and with probability for some fixed . Viewing this as a random electric network where each edge has a unit conductance, we show that with high probability the effective resistances from the origin 0 to and from the interval to (conditioned on no edge joining and ) both have a polynomial lower bound in . Our bound holds for all and thus rules out a potential phase transition (around ) which seemed to be a reasonable possibility.
Competition Between Halogen Atom and Ring of Halobenzenes as Hydrogen Bond Electron Donor Sites
Authors: Amonov Akhtam , Scheiner Steve
Published: January 2025

A halobenzene molecule contains several sites that are capable of acting in an electron‐donating capacity within a H−bond. One set of such sites comprise the lone electron pairs of the halogen (X) atoms on the periphery of the ring. The π‐electron system above the ring plane can also fulfill this function in many cases. DFT calculations are applied to compare and contrast the propensity of these two site types to engage in such a H−bond within the context of mono, di, tri, tetra, and hexasubstituted halobenzenes. The X atoms chosen for study comprise the full set: F, Cl, Br, and I. It is found that even when the electrostatic potential of the X lone pair is more negative than that above the ring, it is the latter position which is the preferred binding site of HCl in most cases. This preference switches over to the X lone pair only for higher order of substitution, with n=4 or 6. This pattern is explained in large measure by the higher contribution of dispersion when the proton donor is located above the ring.
Exploring Surface State and Exciplex Dominated Aggregation Induced Electrochemiluminescence of Graphene Quantum Dots Prepared via Electrochemical Exfoliation
Authors: Zhang Congyang , Cai Zhenzhong , Chu Kenneth , Shiu Wai‐Tung , Hu Ping , Liu Lijia , Zhang Qiao , Ding Zhifeng
Published: January 2025

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as promising materials for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) applications due to their unique optical and electronic properties. In this study, GQDs were synthesized via electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in a constant current density mode, enabling scalable production with controlled size and surface functionalization. GQDs‐4 and GQDs‐20, synthesized at applied current densities of 4 mA/cm2 and 20 mA/cm2 to the graphite electrode, respectively, were investigated on roles of surface states and exciplex dominated aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) in their ECL performance. GQDs‐4 obtained an absolute ECL quantum efficiency of 0.0012 %±0.0002 %. GQDs‐20, with a smaller particle size, achieved an absolute ECL quantum efficiency of 0.028±0.002 %, demonstrating high efficiency in converting electrons into photons. While GQDs‐4 exhibited minor intensity in PL and ECL, they displayed a similar emission spectrum to GQDs‐20 in the ECL process. This finding highlights the significant role of surface states and AIE in influencing the emission properties of GQDs, independent from core‐state transitions. These results provide critical insights into the mechanisms governing GQD‐based ECL and offer pathways for optimizing these materials for use in biosensing, optoelectronics, and imaging applications. Keywords: Electrochemiluminescence, Graphene Quantum Dots, Exciplex, Surface States, Multi‐color Emission.
Quantifying Competitive Fitness in Yeast with High‐Throughput Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging
Authors: Sumanarathne Aruni S. , Gerstein Aleeza C.
Published: January 2025

Competitive fitness is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology that captures the ability of organisms to survive, reproduce, and compete for resources in their environment. Competitive fitness is typically assessed in the lab by growing two or more competitors together and measuring the frequency of each at multiple time points. Traditional microbial competitive fitness assays are labor intensive and involve plating on solid medium and counting colonies. Here, we describe a method to quantitatively measure competitive fitness using fluorescence microscopic imaging and machine‐learning‐enabled image analysis to directly count the number of cells from each competitor in the mixed population. This high‐throughput, primarily automated, and efficient process gives accurate and reproducible results for competitive fitness. Here, we describe the entire process, from sample preparation through microscopy to quantification, and provide instructions and scripts for the image analysis, fitness calculations, and sample data visualizations. © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Sample preparation

Basic Protocol 2: Photographing fluorescing and non‐fluorescing cells using an EVOS microscope

Basic Protocol 3: Counting fluorescing and non‐fluorescing cells with Orbit Image Analysis

Basic Protocol 4: Getting the average cell counts per well and changing the file names

Basic Protocol 5: Calculating competitive fitness using R
A Low‐Profile, Aperture‐Coupled, Diagonal Square Fractal Antenna for Dual‐Band Vehicular Communication
Authors: Rajpoot Shalikram , Ghosh Sourav , Swati M. V.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the design of a simple, compact diagonal square fractal (DSF) Antenna suitable for dual‐band Vehicular Communication applications. The proposed DSF antenna has etched on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with the volume of 20.42  22.71  4.72 mm3 respectively. It consists of dual substrate layers, a square radiation patch with three iterations, and a rectangular aperture‐coupled slotted in‐ground plane. The proposed antenna is intended to operate at 5.9 GHz of the dedicated short‐range communication (DSRC) band (IEEE 802.11p) for vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communication and vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) communication system at 9.5 GHz in the X‐band. The proposed antenna has achieved comparatively better and stable gains of 2.43 and 7.88 dBi with fractional bandwidth of 12.95% and 10.89% at DSRC‐band and X‐band, respectively, which provides the scope for using this antenna for various applications in vehicular communication. Desirable stable radiation patterns have been obtained in both planes' indicating relative stability at both frequencies. The efficiencies of 93.34% and 96% are observed at both resonance frequencies. A close agreement between the simulated and experimental results has been achieved. The proposed antenna can apprehend the qualities of ease of fabrication and smaller dimensions to be mounted in autonomous vehicles and vehicle networking communication system equipment and also accomplish noble wireless transmission capabilities in terms of gain, fractional bandwidth, and radiation efficiency from vehicles to vehicles and vehicle to infrastructure.
Advancements in Aquasomes‐Based Topical Drug Delivery for Enhanced Dermatological Treatments
Authors: Das Soumick , Bishal Amlan , Debnath Biplab , Mukherjee Swarupananda
Published: January 2025

Background

Aquasomes are novel nanoparticulate carriers that are applied topically to deliver medications, particularly in dermatology. These carriers are composed of a polyhydroxy oligomer layer covering a solid core, usually composed of ceramic or calcium phosphate. The bioactivity of delicate molecules, such as proteins, peptides, and genetic material, is preserved by this special structure. Aquasomes are especially useful for improving the stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of therapeutic substance, while reducing systemic absorption and unfavorable side effects.

Method

The efficacy of aquasomes in treating dermatological conditions has been the subject of recent research. Their capacity to administer anti‐inflammatory medications for ailments like acne, psoriasis as well as wound healing has been investigated. Additionally, research has looked into how well aquasomes can help bigger molecules pass through the epidermal barrier. The effectiveness, safety, as well as skin irritation of aquasomes have been evaluated through comparisons with traditional topical formulations.

Results

Aquasomes were less irritating and more effective than conventional topical applications for localized skin conditions. Furthermore, a 2024 study showed that aquasomes improved the ability of big molecules to pass through the epidermal barrier, which made them appropriate for noninvasive medication administration.

Conclusion

In the fields of dermatology and cosmetics, aquasomes hold great promise as a topical treatment delivery system. With fewer adverse effects, they provide improved stability, bioavailability, along with controlled drug release. The therapeutic value for dealing with skin conditions and enhancing cosmetic formulations will be maximized with continued research to optimize their properties.
Phenological responses to climate change across taxa and local habitats in a high‐Arctic arthropod community
Authors: Gerlich Hannah Sørine , Holmstrup Martin , Schmidt Niels M. , Høye Toke T.
Published: January 2025

Climate change has led to pronounced shifts in phenology, varying across taxa. The Arctic is experiencing particularly rapid warming, but long‐term data on phenological changes are rare in this region, especially for arthropods—a diverse taxonomic group that form important links to other trophic levels. Understanding the environmental drivers of arthropod phenological variation is necessary for predicting future trends across taxa and habitats to climate change. Here, we analyze temporal trends and climate associations in arthropod phenology using 25 years of standardized monitoring data from four habitat types in high‐Arctic Greenland. We observed earlier peak activity in the arthropod community, with responses varying considerably among families and habitats. Snowmelt timing was a key driver of peak activity, especially for late‐active taxa, while temperature was a less important driver, but arthropods generally exhibited earlier activity with warming. Responses in the duration of activity were more complex, with family‐ and habitat‐specific responses to climate variation. Notably, taxa in habitats with late snowmelt responded strongly to snowmelt timing, while those in the pond habitat responded strongly to temperature. Mixed feeders and parasitoids showed rapid peak phenological shifts to earlier snowmelt and warming; however, mixed feeders shortened their activity periods, while parasitoids extended theirs. Our findings highlight the complexity of arthropod community phenological responses to climate change, with potential implications for trophic interactions dependent on temporal overlap. By analyzing phenological metrics across entire activity seasons for taxa with different functional and life‐history traits, we identify general trends and consistent patterns that enhance our understanding of arthropod responses to climate change.
Sparse subalpine forest recovery pathways, plant communities, and carbon stocks 34 years after stand‐replacing fire
Authors: Kiel Nathan G. , Mavencamp Eileen F. , Turner Monica G.
Published: January 2025

Changing global climate and wildfire regimes are threatening forest resilience (i.e., the ability to recover from disturbance). Yet distinguishing areas of “no” versus “slow” postfire forest recovery is challenging, and consequences of sparse tree regeneration for plant communities and carbon dynamics are uncertain. We studied previously forested areas where tree regeneration remained sparse 34 years after the large, stand‐replacing 1988 Yellowstone fires (Wyoming, USA) to ask the following questions: (1) What are the recovery pathways in areas of sparse and reduced forest recovery and how are they distributed across the landscape? (2) What explains variation in postfire tree regeneration density (total and by species) among sparse recovery pathways? (3) What are the implications of sparse recovery for understory plant communities? (4) How diminished are aboveground carbon stocks in areas of sparse postfire forest recovery? Tree densities and species‐specific age distributions, understory plant communities, and carbon stocks were sampled in 55 plots during summer 2022. We detected three qualitatively distinct sparse recovery pathways (persistent sparse or non‐forest, continuous tree infilling, and recent seedling and sapling establishment). Nearly half of the plots appeared “locked in” as persistently sparse or non‐forest, while the remaining may be on a slow path to forest recovery. Plots with nearby upwind seed sources as well as in situ seed pressure from young postfire trees appear likely to recover to forest. Where trees were sparse or absent, plant communities resembled those found in meadows, capturing compositional changes expected to become more common with continued forest loss. However, forest‐affinity species persisted in mesic locations, indicating mismatches between some plant communities and future forest change. Aboveground carbon stocks were low owing to minimal tree reestablishment. Almost all (96%) carbon was stored in coarse wood, a sharp departure from C storage patterns where forests are recovering. If not offset by future tree regeneration, decomposition of dead biomass will protract postfire aboveground carbon stock recovery. As global disturbance regimes and climate continue to change, determining the drivers of ecosystem reorganization and understanding how such changes will cascade to influence ecosystem structure and function will be increasingly important.
Early life stage bottleneck determines rates of coral recovery following severe disturbance
Authors: Speare Kelly E. , Enright Lauren N. , Aplin Allison , Adam Thomas C. , Edmunds Peter J. , Burkepile Deron E.
Published: January 2025

Understanding how foundation species recover from disturbances is key for predicting the future of ecosystems in the Anthropocene. Coral reefs are dynamic ecosystems that can undergo rapid declines in coral abundance following disturbances. Understanding why some reefs recover quickly from these disturbances whereas others recover slowly (or not at all) gives insight into the drivers of community resilience. From 2006 to 2010 coral reefs on the fore reef of Moorea, French Polynesia, experienced severe disturbances that reduced coral cover from ~46% in 2005 to <1% in 2010. Following these disturbances, coral cover increased from 2010 to 2018. Although there was a rapid and widespread recovery of corals, reefs at 17 m depth recovered more slowly than reefs at 10 m depth. We investigated the drivers of different rates of coral recovery between depths from 2010 to 2018 using a combination of time‐series data on coral recruitment, density, growth, and mortality in addition to field experiments testing for the effects of predation. Propagule abundance did not influence recovery, as the density of coral recruits (spat <6 months old) did not differ between depths. However, mortality of juvenile corals (≤5 cm diameter) was higher at 17 m, leading to densities of juvenile corals 3.5 times higher at 10 m than at 17 m depth. Yet, there were no differences in the growth of corals between depths. These results point to an early life stage bottleneck after settlement, resulting in greater mortality at 17 m than at 10 m as the likely driver of differential coral recovery between depths. We used experiments and time‐series data to test mechanisms that could drive different rates of juvenile coral mortality across depths, including differences in predation, competition, and the availability of suitable substratum. The results of these experiments suggested that increased coral mortality at 17 m may have been influenced by higher intensity of fish predation, and higher mortality of corals attached to unfavorable substratum. In contrast, the abundance of macroalgae, a coral competitor, did not explain differences in coral survival. Our work suggests that top‐down processes and substratum quality can create bottlenecks in corals that can drive rates of coral recovery after disturbance.
Synthesis and Alkyne Metathesis Activity of Rhenium Carbyne Complexes with PS‐Chelating Ligands
Authors: Yiu Tsang Long , Cheung Kong Lam , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Jia Guochen
Published: January 2025

Inspired by the catalytic alkyne metathesis activity of Re(V) carbyne complexes supported by phosphinophenolate (PO) ligands, new Re(V) carbyne complexes with analogous phoshorus‐sulfur hybrid chelating ligands were synthesized. Treatment of Re(≡CR)Cl2(PMePh2)3 (R = CH2Ph, Ph) with (2‐thiophenyl)diphenylphosphine (Ph2P‐o‐C6H4SH, PSH) in the presence of NEt3 produced the six‐coordinated PS complexes Re(≡CR)(PMePh2)(PS)2 (PS = Ph2P‐o‐C6H4S), which reacted with [(η6‐cymene)RuCl2]2 to give five‐coordinated trigonal bipyramidal complexes Re(≡CR)(PS)2 and (η6‐cymene)RuCl2(PMePh2). The complex Re(≡CCH2Ph)(PS)2 can be oxidized to give the sulfinate complex Re(≡CCH2Ph)(H2O)(PSO)2 (PSO = Ph2P‐o‐C6H4SO2). The thiophenolate complexes Re(≡CR)(PMePh2)(PS)2 and Re(≡CR)(PS)2 showed marginal alkyne metathesis activity at 100 °C, whereas the sulfinate complex Re(≡CCH2Ph)(H2O)(PSO)2 is unreactive toward alkyne metathesis reactions under similar condition. DFT calculations reveal that the lower metathesis activity of the thiophenolate and sulfinate complexes compared with that of PO complexes can be related to the thermochemistry of alkyne coordination to five‐coordinated species Re(≡CR)(PX)2 (X = O, S, SO). The alkyne coordination to give an alkyne‐alkylidyne complex is thermodynamically favored for Re(≡CR)(PO)2, but is unfavored for Re(≡CR)(PS)2 and Re(≡CR)(PSO)2, resulting in a higher barrier for alkyne metathesis in PS and PSO systems.
The 9/3 Min Running Test: A Simple and Practical Approach to Estimate the Critical and Maximal Aerobic Power
Authors: Ruiz‐Alias Santiago A. , Marcos‐Blanco Aitor , Fernández‐Navarrete Iván , Pérez‐Castilla Alejandro , García‐Pinillos Felipe
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the validity of the linear critical power (CP) and Peronnet models to estimate the power output associated with the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) and the maximal aerobic power (MAP) using two‐time trials. Nineteen recreational runners (10 males and 9 females and maximum oxygen uptake: 53.0 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min) performed a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine the VT2 and MAP. On a second test, athletes performed two‐time trials of 9 and 3 min interspaced by 30 min. The CP was determined from the linear CP model and compared with the power output associated with the VT2. The MAP was determined from the linear Peronnet model, established at 7 min, and compared with the MAP determined in the GXT. The CP model was valid for determining the VT2, regardless of sex (p = 0.130; 9/3 vs. GXT: 3.5 [−1.1 to 8.2] W). The MAP was overestimated (p = 0.015) specifically in males (9/3 vs. GXT: 9.2 [3.3 to 15.1] W) rather than in females (p = 9/3 vs. GXT: 1.7 [−4.4 to 8.0] W). Therefore, MAP estimates were determined introducing the CP and W' parameters to a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. For females, the CP was the unique significant predictor of MAP (p < 0.001) explaining 96.7% of the variance. In males, both CP and W' were significant predictors of MAP (p < 0.001) explaining 97.7% of the variance. Practitioners can validly estimate the VT2 and MAP through a practical testing protocol in both male and female recreational runners.
Multi‐Wound Classification: Exploring Image Enhancement and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Odame Prince , Ahiamadzor Maxwell Mawube , Derkyi Nana Kwaku Baah , Boateng Kofi Agyekum , Sarfo‐Acheampong Kelvin , Tchao Eric Tutu , Agbemenu Andrew Selasi , Nunoo‐Mensah Henry , Agyapong Dorothy Araba Yakoba , Kponyo Jerry John
Published: January 2025

Wounds contribute to 30%–42% of hospital visits and 9% of deaths but remain underreported in Africa. Diseases and surgeries increase wound prevalence, especially in rural areas where 27%–82% of people live, and health facilities are poor or non‐existent. This research aims to design a disease‐related wound classification model for online diagnosis and telemedicine support for traditional health practitioners and village health workers. This paper focuses on wounds from diabetic ulcers, pressure ulcers, surgery, and venous ulcers. The approaches used included Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) with machine and deep learning models, Discrete Wavelet Transformations (DWT) with a novel Gated Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, and FixCaps, an improved version of Capsule Networks utilizing Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to reduce spatial information loss. The performance metrics showed similar results for the first two approaches, but FixCaps was the most proficient, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐score of 93.83%, 95.41%, 88.63%, and 90.93% respectively. FixCaps had trainable parameters of about 8.28 MB compared with the 195.64 MB of the Gated Wavelet CNN Model.
Techno‐Economic Evaluation of Synthetic and Natural Antioxidants Used for Enhancing Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel
Authors: Kahimbi Henry , Monge Emmanuel Stephen , Kichonge Baraka , Kivevele Thomas
Published: January 2025

The oxidation stability of biodiesel is a critical factor affecting its storage and performance, necessitating the use of antioxidants to enhance its shelf life and reliability. Both natural and synthetic antioxidants have proven effective in improving the oxidation stability of biodiesel, with numerous studies demonstrating their ability to extend the induction period and delay oxidative degradation. However, while the technical efficacy of these antioxidants is well‐documented, the techno‐economic analysis that evaluates the cost‐effectiveness of using natural versus synthetic antioxidants remains unexplored. This creates uncertainty in selecting the most sustainable and economically viable antioxidant option. This study aimed to conduct a techno‐economic analysis comparing the cost‐effectiveness of synthetic and natural antioxidants in stabilizing biodiesel. The study evaluated synthetic antioxidants, specifically hydrogenated methoxy eugenol, and natural antioxidants derived from the methanolic extract of wild loquat plants, along with a comparison to commonly used synthetic antioxidants. Comprehensive simulations and modeling were conducted using Aspen Plus® V10 commercial simulation software in a block‐wise manner. The technical performance was assessed by considering the quantities and qualities of biodiesel, glycerol, and antioxidants. The synthetic antioxidant processes resulted in negative net present values and longer payback periods of 11.7 to 17.8 years, while natural antioxidants showed shorter payback periods ranging from 3.8 to 12 years. Natural antioxidants, particularly those extracted from clove wastes and wild loquat plant parts, demonstrated superior techno‐economic performance with the lowest operating and raw materials costs, shortest payback period, highest internal rate of return (IRR), and best profitability. Therefore, natural antioxidants are the most economically viable option for biodiesel stabilization, outperforming synthetic antioxidants in terms of operating costs, payback period, IRR, and profitability.
ChatGPT and Commodity Return
Authors: Gao Shen , Wang Shijie , Wang Yuanzhi , Zhang Qunzi
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the ability of a ChatGPT‐based indicator to forecast excess returns of the commodity futures index. Using ChatGPT to extract information from over 2.5 million articles from nine international newspapers, we demonstrate that our constructed commodity news ratio index significantly predicts future commodity returns, both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. Furthermore, it outperforms traditional textual analysis methods, including Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Bag‐of‐Words (BoW), while indicating economic significance within an asset allocation framework. The results highlight the critical role of ChatGPT in forecasting commodity market dynamics and provide valuable insights for both financial market participants and researchers.
Research and Prospect of CCUS‐EOR Technology and Carbon Emission Reduction Accounting Evaluation
Authors: Lu Yanjun , Fan Qianbo , Yang Manping , Ma Jianguo , Meng Lan , Wu Zhaoran
Published: January 2025

As a potential carbon emission reduction measure, carbon capture, utilization and storage technology is of great significance to achieve the goals of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality.” The implementation of carbon capture, utilization, and storage‐enhanced oil recovery (CCUS‐EOR) in the oil and gas industry serves the dual purpose of utilizing greenhouse gases as resources and enhancing oil recovery. This approach is a key strategy for achieving carbon emission reductions. In this study, the key problems of source‐sink matching, injection mode, oil displacement storage, and leakage were analyzed in conjunction with CCUS‐EOR technology used in both domestic and foreign oil fields. Additionally, the carbon emission reduction accounting methods of different oil fields were compared. Carbon source, carbon dioxide concentration, capture, and transportation mode are important influencing factors of carbon source selection. The project should follow the principle of proximity and select high‐concentration gas source as the development object in the early stage; the main methods of carbon dioxide injection are continuous carbon dioxide injection, alternating water and gas injection, and CO2 huff and puff among which injection speed and injection pressure are the key parameters; the underground occurrence state and storage capacity of carbon dioxide gas are dynamic changes in the process of oil displacement and storage; the three parts of surface leakage, injection wellbore leakage, and production well production are the key points of CCUS‐EOR project leakage. The corresponding monitoring methods are analyzed for different leakage modes; the CCUS‐EOR carbon emission reduction accounting method is comprehensively analyzed, and the application of carbon emission reduction accounting methods in major oilfields is compared. The accounting method of “life cycle assessment (LCA) + emission factor method + actual measurement method” is proposed. The research holds significant importance for enhancing the entire CCUS‐EOR technology chain and refining the CCUS‐EOR emission reduction accounting methodology. It also facilitates the integration of CCUS‐EOR projects into the carbon trading market, thereby enabling the efficient development of carbon assets in carbon dioxide flooding projects within oil and gas fields.
Biosafety Management Practices Among Clinical Laboratory Professionals in Debre Berhan Town Governmental Hospitals, Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Tadesse Mahlet Tewodros , Ayalke Libse Lemma , Tedla Beza Fitiwi , Weldemeskel Fikrite Adefris , Yirdaw Ahmed Seid , Abebe Tsegahun Asfaw
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Clinical laboratories play a vital role in modern healthcare, where laboratory test results significantly influence medical decisions. However, laboratory professionals are often exposed to hazardous biological materials, underscoring the importance of biosafety management. This study aimed to assess biosafety practices among clinical laboratory professionals in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study involving 81 participants was conducted using a standard questionnaire covering work habits, protective barriers, safety equipment, and biosafety policy perception. Descriptive data was summarized using a table and graph. Logistic regression was employed to determine factors affecting adherence to biosafety protocols. Statistically significant value was identified using p value ≤ 0.05, 95% CI, and OR.

Results

The results revealed high compliance with essential work habits, such as the use of mechanical pipettes 77 (95.1%) and proper handwashing after handling biohazardous material 78 (96.3%) and after removing gloves 80 (98.8%). However, adherence to the use of protective barriers 50 (61.7%), biosafety training 15 (18.5%), and emergency preparedness 28 (34.6%) were notably low. Only 35 (43.2%) of participants received appropriate immunizations, and access to biosafety equipment like biological safety cabinets was limited 15 (18.5%). Experience and training were significant predictors of biosafety compliance, highlighting the need for continuous education and institutional support.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the importance of enhancing training programs, improving access to safety equipment, and ensuring the consistent application of biosafety protocols to protect laboratory personnel from hazardous biological materials and maintain public health.
Gastrointestinal Parasites With Their Risk Factors in Tharu Indigenous People in Southern Nepal: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Chaudhary Pinki Kumari , Ghimire Tirth Raj
Published: January 2025

Background

Globally, gastrointestinal (GI) infections are common, particularly in populations with low socioeconomic levels, including high illiteracy rates, ignorance, poor housing and lifestyles, and unfavorable environmental conditions. These risk factors are the underlying cause of GI parasitic infections in many developing nations, including Nepal.

Aim

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and diversity of GI parasites and their association with a few risk factors within the marginalized indigenous Tharu people of the southern region of Nepal.

Methods

A purposive sampling method was used to collect stool samples from Tharu indigenous people (N = 179) in Thaskaul, Kolhabi, Bara, Nepal. The samples were preserved in a 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. The samples were analyzed by direct wet mount and acid‐fast staining techniques and examined at 40×, 100×, 400×, and 1000× magnifications.

Results

Out of 179 stool samples, the prevalence rate of the GI parasites was 42.46% (n = 76), out of which females (43.00%, 43/100) had a slightly higher prevalence rate than males (41.77%, 33/79) (p > 0.05, chi‐square tests at 95% confidence level). Out of nine species of GI parasites, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was highest among protozoa (30.17%, n = 54), whereas that of Ascaris lumbricoides was highest among helminths (5.59%, n = 10). Occupation, animal husbandry, parasitologic knowledge, drinking water sources, pork‐feeding habit, diarrheal or stomachache symptoms, and drug‐consuming history were associated with one or more GI parasitosis (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The moderate prevalence and diversity of GI parasitism in the Tharu population suggests the need for effective, efficient, and timely preventative and control measures in the study area. Further One Health Approach, by conducting studies that involve the examination of samples from the local populations, livestock, food, water, and soil, would be important.