bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint monitoring of mean and variance using Max-EWMA control chart under lognormal process with application to engine oil data
Authors: Almulhim Fatimah A. , Malik Seher , Hanif Muhammad , Hassaballa Abaker A. , Nabi Muhammad , Usman Aslam Muhammad
Published: June 2024

The control charts are frequently employed in process monitoring to assess the average and variability of a process, assuming a normal distribution. However, it is worth noting that some process distributions tend to exhibit a positively skewed distribution, such as the lognormal distribution. This article proposed a maximum exponential weighted moving average control chart for joint monitoring of mean and variance under a lognormal process. The proposed control chart is evaluated by using the run length profile such as ARL and SDRL. The Monte Carlo simulation is conducted by using the R language to find the run length profile. An application is presented to demonstrate the design of the proposed control chart.
High-content analysis of proteostasis capacity in cellular models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Lambert-Smith Isabella A. , Shephard Victoria K. , McAlary Luke , Yerbury Justin J. , Saunders Darren N.
Published: June 2024

Disrupted proteome homeostasis (proteostasis) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been a major focus of research in the past two decades. However, the proteostasis processes that become disturbed in ALS are not fully understood. Obtaining more detailed knowledge of proteostasis disruption in association with different ALS-causing mutations will improve our understanding of ALS pathophysiology and may identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for ALS patients. Here we describe the development and use of a novel high-content analysis (HCA) assay to investigate proteostasis disturbances caused by the expression of several ALS-causing gene variants. This assay involves the use of conformationally-destabilised mutants of firefly luciferase (Fluc) to examine protein folding/re-folding capacity in NSC-34 cells expressing ALS-associated mutations in the genes encoding superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1A4V) and cyclin F (CCNFS621G). We demonstrate that these Fluc isoforms can be used in high-throughput format to report on reductions in the activity of the chaperone network that result from the expression of SOD1A4V, providing multiplexed information at single-cell resolution. In addition to SOD1A4V and CCNFS621G, NSC-34 models of ALS-associated TDP-43, FUS, UBQLN2, OPTN, VCP and VAPB mutants were generated that could be screened using this assay in future work. For ALS-associated mutant proteins that do cause reductions in protein quality control capacity, such as SOD1A4V, this assay has potential to be applied in drug screening studies to identify candidate compounds that can ameliorate this deficiency.
New evidence from high-resolution computed microtomography of Triassic stem-mammal skulls from South America enhances discussions on turbinates before the origin of Mammaliaformes
Authors: Fonseca Pedro H. M. , Martinelli Agustín G. , Gill Pamela G. , Rayfield Emily J. , Schultz Cesar L. , Kerber Leonardo , Ribeiro Ana Maria , Francischini Heitor , Soares Marina B.
Published: June 2024

The nasal cavity of living mammals is a unique structural complex among tetrapods, acquired along a series of major morphological transformations that occurred mainly during the Mesozoic Era, within the Synapsida clade. Particularly, non-mammaliaform cynodonts document several morphological changes in the skull, during the Triassic Period, that represent the first steps of the mammalian bauplan. We here explore the nasal cavity of five cynodont taxa, namely Thrinaxodon, Chiniquodon, Prozostrodon, Riograndia, and Brasilodon, in order to discuss the main changes within this skull region. We did not identify ossified turbinals in the nasal cavity of these taxa and if present, as non-ossified structures, they would not necessarily be associated with temperature control or the development of endothermy. We do, however, notice a complexification of the cartilage anchoring structures that divide the nasal cavity and separate it from the brain region in these forerunners of mammals.
Prolonged corrosion protection via application of 4-ferrocenylbutyl saturated carboxylate ester derivatives with superior inhibition performance for mild steel
Authors: Jamali Hajar , Moradi-Alavian Saleh , Asghari Elnaz , Esrafili Mehdi D. , Payami Elmira , Teimuri-Mofrad Reza
Published: June 2024

A series of 4-ferrcenylbutyl carboxylate esters with different alkyl chain length (C2-C4) of carboxylic acids were synthesized using Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3-Im-bisEthylFc[I] nanoparticles as catalyst and have been characterized with FT-IR,1H NMR, and13C NMR. Ferrocenyl-based esters were used as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in the 1M HCl solution as corrosive media. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the synthesized ferrocenyl-based esters has been assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 4-ferrocenylbutyl propionate showed a more effective corrosion inhibition behavior among the studied esters with 96% efficiency after immersion in the corrosive media for 2 weeks. The corrosion inhibition mechanism is dominated by formation of passive layer of inhibitor on the surface of the mild steel by adsorption. Moreover, the adsorption characteristics of 4-butylferrcenyl carboxylate esters on mild steel were thoroughly explored using density functional theory calculations. It was found that the Fe atoms located around the C impurity in the mild steel are the most efficient and active sites to adsorb 4-butylferrcenyl carboxylate esters.
Evidence from comprehensive independent validation studies for smooth pursuit dysfunction as a sensorimotor biomarker for psychosis
Authors: Meyhoefer Inga , Sprenger Andreas , Derad David , Grotegerd Dominik , Leenings Ramona , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Breuer Fabian , Surmann Marian , Rolfes Karen , Arolt Volker , Romer Georg , Lappe Markus , Rehder Johanna , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Borgwardt Stefan , Schultze-Lutter Frauke , Meisenzahl Eva , Kircher Tilo T. J. , Keedy Sarah S. , Bishop Jeffrey R. , Ivleva Elena I. , McDowell Jennifer E. , Reilly James L. , Hill Scot Kristian , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Tamminga Carol A. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Gershon Elliot S. , Clementz Brett A. , Sweeney John A. , Hahn Tim , Dannlowski Udo , Lencer Rebekka
Published: June 2024

Smooth pursuit eye movements are considered a well-established and quantifiable biomarker of sensorimotor function in psychosis research. Identifying psychotic syndromes on an individual level based on neurobiological markers is limited by heterogeneity and requires comprehensive external validation to avoid overestimation of prediction models. Here, we studied quantifiable sensorimotor measures derived from smooth pursuit eye movements in a large sample of psychosis probands (N = 674) and healthy controls (N = 305) using multivariate pattern analysis. Balanced accuracies of 64% for the prediction of psychosis status are in line with recent results from other large heterogenous psychiatric samples. They are confirmed by external validation in independent large samples including probands with (1) psychosis (N = 727) versus healthy controls (N = 292), (2) psychotic (N = 49) and non-psychotic bipolar disorder (N = 36), and (3) non-psychotic affective disorders (N = 119) and psychosis (N = 51) yielding accuracies of 65%, 66% and 58%, respectively, albeit slightly different psychosis syndromes. Our findings make a significant contribution to the identification of biologically defined profiles of heterogeneous psychosis syndromes on an individual level underlining the impact of sensorimotor dysfunction in psychosis.
CFD–DEM method is used to study the multi-phase coupling slag discharge flow field of gas-lift reverse circulation in drilling shaft sinking
Authors: Guo Longhui , Cheng Hua , Yao Zhishu , Rong Chuanxin , Wang Zongjin , Wang Xiaoyun
Published: June 2024

To elucidate the distribution law of the multiphase coupling slag discharge flow field in gas-lift reverse circulation during drilling shaft sinking, a numerical analysis model of gas–liquid–solid multiphase coupling slag discharge was established by CFD–DEM (Coupling of computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method) method, taking the drilling of North Wind well in Taohutu Coal Mine as an example. This model presented the distribution of the multiphase flow field in the slag discharge pipe and at the bottom hole, and was validated through experimentation and theoretical analysis. Finally, the impact of factors, including bit rotation speed, gas injection rate, air duct submergence ratio, and mud viscosity on the slag discharge flow field was clarified. The results indicated that the migration of rock slag at the bottom of the well was characterized by “slip, convergence, suspension, adsorption, and lifting”. The slag flow in the discharge pipe exhibited the states of “high density, low flow rate” and “low density, high flow rate”, respectively. The multiphase fluid flow patterns in the well bottom and slag discharge pipe were horizontal and axial flows, respectively. The model test of the gas lift reversed circulation slag discharge and the theoretical model of the bottom hole fluid velocity distribution confirmed the accuracy of the multiphase coupling slag discharge flow field distribution model. The rotation speed of the drill bit had the most significant impact on the bottom hole flow field. Increasing the rotation speed of the drill bit can significantly enhance the tangential velocity of the bottom hole fluid, increase the pressure difference between the bottom hole and annular mud column, and improve the adsorption capacity of the slag suction port. These findings can provide valuable insights for gas lift reverse circulation well washing in western drilling shaft sinking.
Experimental and numerical study on the shear performance of stainless steel-GFRP connectors for use in precast concrete sandwich panels
Authors: Zhao Boyi , Du Lingfeng , Chen Guixiang , Yue Longfei , Cui Chenxing , Ge Mengmeng
Published: June 2024

Precast Concrete Sandwich Panel (PCSP) is composed of concrete load-bearing panels, thermal insulation panels, and decorative panels, which are assembled through connectors, integrating load-bearing, thermal insulation, and decorative functions. The connector bears the main shear force between the wall panels, and the shear resistance and insulation performance of the connector largely determine the mechanical stability and insulation effect of the wall panels, which is a key component in PCSPs. The current common practice is to cross assemble stainless steel insulation (SSI) connectors and Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) connectors into PCSPs, which can reduce building energy consumption and save resources while meeting strength and insulation requirements. A large-scale pull-out test on a PCSP with intersecting SSI-GFRP connectors was conducted in this paper. The damage process and damage pattern of PCSP were observed and the shear performance of SSI-GFRP connectors was analyzed. Secondly, a numerical analysis model of the test PCSP was built using ABAQUS finite element software and its validity was verified through the test data. In addition, parameters such as connector diameter, connector number ratio and concrete strength were analyzed for their effect on the shear performance of SSI-GFRP connectors and it was found that connector diameter and connector number ratio had a significant effect. Finally, it is found that there are some differences between the classical theory for calculating the shear performance of SSI-GFRP connectors and the actual results. A theoretical correction factor (ζ) is given to improve the accuracy of the calculation of the classical theory, and its influencing factors and changing rules are investigated.
Immunogenicity and protection efficacy of a COVID-19 DNA vaccine encoding spike protein with D614G mutation and optimization of large-scale DNA vaccine production
Authors: Gül Aytül , Erkunt Alak Sedef , Can Hüseyin , Karakavuk Muhammet , Korukluoğlu Gülay , Altaş Ayşe Başak , Gül Ceren , Karakavuk Tuğba , Köseoğlu Ahmet Efe , Ülbeği Polat Hivda , Yazıcı Malkoçoğlu Hilal , Taş Ekiz Arzu , Abacı İrem , Aksoy Özge , Enül Hakan , Adıay Cumhur , Uzar Serdar , Saraç Fahriye , Ün Cemal , Gürüz Adnan Yüksel , Kantarcı Ayşe Gülten , Akbaba Hasan , Erel Akbaba Gülşah , Yılmaz Habibe , Değirmenci Döşkaya Aysu , Taşbakan Meltem , Pullukçu Hüsnü , Karasulu Ercüment , Tekin Şaban , Döşkaya Mert
Published: June 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 had devastating consequences for human health. Despite the introduction of several vaccines, COVID-19 continues to pose a serious health risk due to emerging variants of concern. DNA vaccines gained importance during the pandemic due to their advantages such as induction of both arms of immune response, rapid development, stability, and safety profiles. Here, we report the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding spike protein with D614G mutation (named pcoSpikeD614G) and define a large-scale production process. According to the in vitro studies, pcoSpikeD614G expressed abundant spike protein in HEK293T cells. After the administration of pcoSpikeD614G to BALB/c mice through intramuscular (IM) route and intradermal route using an electroporation device (ID + EP), it induced high level of anti-S1 IgG and neutralizing antibodies (P < 0.0001), strong Th1-biased immune response as shown by IgG2a polarization (P < 0.01), increase in IFN-γ levels (P < 0.01), and increment in the ratio of IFN-γ secreting CD4+ (3.78–10.19%) and CD8+ (5.24–12.51%) T cells. Challenging K18-hACE2 transgenic mice showed that pcoSpikeD614G administered through IM and ID + EP routes conferred 90–100% protection and there was no sign of pneumonia. Subsequently, pcoSpikeD614G was evaluated as a promising DNA vaccine candidate and scale-up studies were performed. Accordingly, a large-scale production process was described, including a 36 h fermentation process of E. coli DH5α cells containing pcoSpikeD614G resulting in a wet cell weight of 242 g/L and a three-step chromatography for purification of the pcoSpikeD614G DNA vaccine.
A novel prolixicin identified in common bed bugs with activity against both bacteria and parasites
Authors: Meraj Sanam , Dhari Arshvir Singh , Mohr Emerson , Lowenberger Carl , Gries Gerhard
Published: June 2024

The hematophagous common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is not known to transmit human pathogens outside laboratory settings, having evolved various immune defense mechanisms including the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We unveil three novel prolixicin AMPs in bed bugs, exhibiting strong homology to the prolixicin of kissing bugs, Rhodnius prolixus, and to diptericin/attacin AMPs. We demonstrate for the first time sex-specific and immune mode-specific upregulation of these prolixicins in immune organs, the midgut and rest of body, following injection and ingestion of Gr+ (Bacillus subtilis) and Gr– (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Synthetic CL-prolixicin2 significantly inhibited growth of E. coli strains and killed or impeded Trypanosoma cruzi, the Chagas disease agent. Our findings suggest that prolixicins are regulated by both IMD and Toll immune pathways, supporting cross-talk and blurred functional differentiation between major immune pathways. The efficacy of CL-prolixicin2 against T. cruzi underscores the potential of AMPs in Chagas disease management.
Comprehensive spectroscopy and photocatalytic activity analysis of TiO2-Pt systems under LED irradiation
Authors: Kubiak Adam
Published: June 2024

This study presents a thorough spectroscopic analysis of TiO2-Pt systems under LED irradiation, with a focus on elucidating the photodeposition process of Pt nanoparticles onto TiO2 surfaces. The methodology leverages an innovative LED photoreactor tailored to a specific spectral range, enabling precise characterization of the excitation spectrum of TiO2-Pt composites. Through the identification of Pt precursor species and their excitation under LED-UV light, a photodeposition mechanism is proposed involving concurrent excitation of both the TiO2 semiconductor and the H2PtCl6 precursor. The LED photoreactors are employed to scrutinize the excitation profile of TiO2-Pt materials, revealing that the incorporation of Pt nanoparticles does not expand TiO2's absorption spectrum. Furthermore, UV-A exposure in the absence of Pt did not induce the formation of surface defects, underscoring the lack of visible light activity in TiO2-Pt systems. Spectroscopic analyses, complemented by naproxen photooxidation experiments, indicate the absence of a significant plasmonic effect in Pt nanoparticles within the experimental framework. Mass spectroscopy results corroborate the presence of distinct naproxen degradation pathways, suggesting minimal influence from photocatalyst properties. This research provides a detailed spectroscopic insight into TiO2-Pt photocatalysis, enriching the knowledge of photocatalytic materials in LED lighting.
Cefixime removal via WO3/Co-ZIF nanocomposite using machine learning methods
Authors: Sheikhmohammadi Amir , Alamgholiloo Hassan , Golaki Mohammad , Khakzad Parsa , Asgari Esrafil , Rahimlu Faezeh
Published: June 2024

In this research, an upgraded and environmentally friendly process involving WO3/Co-ZIF nanocomposite was used for the removal of Cefixime from the aqueous solutions. Intelligent decision-making was employed using various models including Support Vector Regression (SVR), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Simulation Optimization Language for Visualized Excel Results (SOLVER), and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). SVR, ANN, and RSM models were used for modeling and predicting results, while GA and SOLVER models were employed to achieve the optimal conditions for Cefixime degradation. The primary goal of applying different models was to achieve the best conditions with high accuracy in Cefixime degradation. Based on R analysis, the quadratic factorial model in RSM was selected as the best model, and the regression coefficients obtained from it were used to evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence models. According to the quadratic factorial model, interactions between pH and time, pH and catalyst amount, as well as reaction time and catalyst amount were identified as the most significant factors in predicting results. In a comparison between the different models based on Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Coefficient of Determination (R2 Score) indices, the SVR model was selected as the best model for the prediction of the results, with a higher R2 Score (0.98), and lower MAE (1.54) and RMSE (3.91) compared to the ANN model. Both ANN and SVR models identified pH as the most important parameter in the prediction of the results. According to the Genetic Algorithm, interactions between the initial concentration of Cefixime with reaction time, as well as between the initial concentration of Cefixime and catalyst amount, had the greatest impact on selecting the optimal values. Using the Genetic Algorithm and SOLVER models, the optimum values for the initial concentration of Cefixime, pH, time, and catalyst amount were determined to be (6.14 mg L−1, 3.13, 117.65 min, and 0.19 g L−1) and (5 mg L−1, 3, 120 min, and 0.19 g L−1), respectively. Given the presented results, this research can contribute significantly to advancements in intelligent decision-making and optimization of the pollutant removal processes from the environment.
Climate-smart rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes identification using stability analysis, multi-trait selection index, and genotype-environment interaction at different irrigation regimes with adaptation to universal warming
Authors: Habib Muhammad Ashraful , Azam Mohammad Golam , Haque Md. Ashraful , Hassan Lutful , Khatun Mst. Suhana , Nayak Swati , Abdullah Hasan Muhammad , Ullah Riaz , Ali Essam A. , Hossain Nazmul , Ercisli Sezai , Sarker Umakanta
Published: June 2024

Climate change has brought an alarming situation in the scarcity of fresh water for irrigation due to the present global water crisis, climate variability, drought, increasing demands of water from the industrial sectors, and contamination of water resources. Accurately evaluating the potential of future rice genotypes in large-scale, multi-environment experiments may be challenging. A key component of the accurate assessment is the examination of stability in growth contexts and genotype-environment interaction. Using a split-plot design with three replications, the study was carried out in nine locations with five genotypes under continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wet and dry (AWD) conditions. Utilizing the web-based warehouse inventory search tool (WIST), the water status was determined. To evaluate yield performance for stability and adaptability, AMMI and GGE biplots were used. The genotypes clearly reacted inversely to the various environments, and substantial interactions were identified. Out of all the environments, G3 (BRRI dhan29) had the greatest grain production, whereas G2 (Binadhan-8) had the lowest. The range between the greatest and lowest mean values of rice grain output (4.95 to 4.62 t ha-1) was consistent across five distinct rice genotypes. The genotype means varied from 5.03 to 4.73 t ha-1 depending on the environment. In AWD, all genotypes out performed in the CF system. With just a little interaction effect, the score was almost zero for several genotypes (E1, E2, E6, and E7 for the AWD technique, and E5, E6, E8, and E9 for the CF method) because they performed better in particular settings. The GGE biplot provided more evidence in support of the AMMI study results. The study's findings made it clear that the AMMI model provides a substantial amount of information when evaluating varietal performance across many environments. Out of the five accessions that were analyzed, one was found to be top-ranking by the multi-trait genotype ideotype distance index, meaning that it may be investigated for validation stability measures. The study's findings provide helpful information on the variety selection for the settings in which BRRI dhan47 and BRRI dhan29, respectively, performed effectively in AWD and CF systems. Plant breeders might use this knowledge to choose newer kinds and to design breeding initiatives. In conclusion, intermittent irrigation could be an effective adaptation technique for simultaneously saving water and mitigating GHG while maintaining high rice grain yields in rice cultivation systems.
Unhealthy lifestyle factors and the risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Xingyuan , Chang Zewen , Wang Jiaqi , Ding Ke , Pan Shengqi , Hu Hanqing , Tang Qingchao
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal association between unhealthy lifestyle style factors and the risk of colorectal cancer, with the aim of preventing the occurrence of colorectal cancer by modifying unhealthy lifestyles. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was employed in this study, utilizing the inverse-variance weighted method as the primary research method. This MR analysis analyzed data of 3022 colorectal cancer cases and 174,006 controls from the FinnGen database. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with unhealthy lifestyle factors were selected as instrumental variables (IVs), including two obesity-related indicators, BMI (body mass index) and WHR (waist-to-hip ratio). Four phenotypes of smoking (smoking initiation, ever smoked, smoking per day, smoking cessation) and one phenotype of alcohol consumption (drinks per week). Four phenotypes of physical activity (accelerometer-based physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, vigorous physical activity, strenuous sports or other exercises). All SNPs were obtained from published genome-wide association studies. The study found that the obesity-related indicator, higher WHR (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.70; P = 0.002) were associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, and two smoking phenotypes, cigarettes per day(OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.68; P = 0.042)and smoking initiation (OR = 3.48, 95% CI 1.15–10.55; P = 0.028), were potentially associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. However, there was no evidence to suggest that physical activities and alcohol consumption were associated with colorectal cancer (all p > 0.05). In addition, the study detected no pleiotropy (all p > 0.05). This MR analysis indicates a causal association between a higher waist-to-hip ratio and the risk of colorectal cancer and a suggestive association between smoking and the risk of colorectal cancer among Europeans. These findings contribute to the understanding of the etiology of colorectal cancer and have potential implications for its prevention.
Assessing the efficacy of various irrigation solutions in dissolving organic tissue
Authors: Çakır Asu , Şahin Tuğçe Nur , Kahveci Özlem
Published: June 2024

For successful root canal treatment, adequate chemomechanical instrumentation to eliminate microorganisms and pulp tissue is crucial. This study aims to assess the organic tissue dissolving activity of various irrigation solutions on bovine tooth pulp tissue. 40 extracted bovine mandibular anterior teeth (n = 10) were used for the study. Bovine pulp pieces (25 ± 5 mg) were placed in 1.5 ml Eppendorf tubes. Each tooth pulp sample was then covered with 1.5 ml of different irrigation solutions, dividing them into four groups: Group 1 with freshly prepared 5% Boric acid, Group 2 with 5% NaOCl, Group 3 with Irritrol, and Group 4 with Saline. Samples were left at room temperature for 30 min, then dried and reweighed. The efficacy of tissue dissolution ranked from highest to lowest was found to be NaOCl, Boric Acid, Irritrol, and saline (p < 0.05). It was observed that the decrease in the NaOCl group was greater than the decrease in the Irritrol and saline groups, and the decrease in the Boric acid group was significantly greater than the decrease in the saline group (p < 0.05). It also emphasizes the need for future studies to further investigate the effects of Irritrol and Boric Acid on tissue dissolution.
Effect of dapagliflozin on ferroptosis through the gut microbiota metabolite TMAO during myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in diabetes mellitus rats
Authors: Wang Lian , Wang Yao , Xu Heng , Li Wenyuan
Published: June 2024

Dapagliflozin (DAPA) demonstrates promise in the management of diabetic mellitus (DM) and cardiomyopathy. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is synthesized by the gut microbiota through the metabolic conversion of choline and phosphatidylcholine. Ferroptosis may offer novel therapeutic avenues for the management of diabetes and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the precise mechanism underlying ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes and the specific role of TMAO generated by gut microbiota in the therapeutic approach for DM and myocardial IRI utilizing DAPA need to be further explored. Nine male SD rats with specific pathogen-free (SPF) status were randomly divided equally into the normal group, the DM + IRI (DIR) group, and the DAPA group. The diversity of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, the Wekell technique was employed to measure the levels of TMAO in the three groups. Application of network pharmacology to search for intersection targets of DAPA, DIR, and ferroptosis, and RT-PCR experimental verification. Ultimately, the overlapping targets that were acquired were subjected to molecular docking analysis with TMAO. The changes of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the gut microbiota of DIR rats were most significantly affected by DAPA. Escherichia-Shigella and Prevotella_9 within the phylum Bacteroidetes could be identified as the primary effects of DAPA on DIR. Compared with the normal group, the TMAO content in the DIR group was significantly increased, while the TMAO content in the DAPA group was decreased compared to the DIR group. For the network pharmacology analysis, DAPA and DIR generated 43 intersecting target genes, and then further intersected with ferroptosis-related genes, resulting in 11 overlapping target genes. The mRNA expression of ALB, HMOX1, PPARG, CBS, LCN2, and PPARA decreased in the DIR group through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) validation, while the opposite trend was observed in the DAPA group. The docking score between TMAO and DPP4 was − 5.44, and the MM-GBSA result of − 22.02 kcal/mol. It epitomizes the finest docking performance among all the target genes with the lowest score. DAPA could reduce the levels of metabolite TMAO produced by gut microbiota, thereby regulating related target genes to decrease ferroptosis in DIR cardiomyocytes.
2-week prevalence and associated factors of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6–23 months in rural Hunan Province
Authors: Li Huixia , Xiao Juan , Liao Minghui , Wan Lijia , Huang Qun , Feng Binbin , Peng Xianglian , Tu Ying , Huang Guangwen
Published: June 2024

Fever and diarrhea are key causes of malnutrition, growth and development disorders, and death among children. At present, most studies on the associated factors of fever and diarrhea in children are concentrated in African and South Asian countries, but relevant research in China is very limited. This study was aimed to analyze the two-week prevalence of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6–23 months in rural areas of Hunan Province and to explore the associated factors. The survey data of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Children in Poor Areas (NIPCPA) from 2016 to 2023 was used here. NIPCPA is a cross-sectional survey completed annually in Hunan to collect children’s nutrition and health indicators. The two-week prevalence rates of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea among children aged 6–23 months were 12.2% (2066/16,985), 9.6% (1634/16,985), and 3.2% (542/16,985), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the risks of fever, diarrhea, and coexisting fever and diarrhea were higher among younger children. The high educational level of caregivers, effective consumption of Yingyangbao (a complementary food supplement containing iron, zinc, calcium, vitamins A, D, B1, B2, B12, folic acid, and other micronutrients), and complementary feeding meeting minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against fever in children, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 0.87 (95%CI: 0.78–0.98), 0.78 (0.69–0.87), 0.73 (0.65–0.82), and 0.74 (0.66–0.84), respectively. Effective consumption of Yingyangbao, and complementary feeding meeting the minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against diarrhea in children, with aORs of 0.72 (95%CI: 0.63–0.83), 0.79 (0.70–0.91), and 0.80 (0.70–0.92), respectively. Effective consumption of Yingyangbao, and complementary feeding meeting the minimum dietary diversity and meeting minimum acceptable diet were protective factors against coexisting fever and diarrhea among children, with aORs of 0.53 (95%CI: 0.43–0.66), 0.71 (0.58–0.89), and 0.70 (0.56–0.88), respectively. Fever, diarrhea, and the coexisting fever and diarrhea affect one in eight, one in ten, and one in thirty children respectively in rural areas of Hunan. Effective interventions should be actively taken, such as improving the education level of caregivers, enhancing their scientific feeding skills for children, and promoting children’s compliance with Yingyangbao consumption, to further reduce the prevalence of fever and diarrhea in children.
NF2: An underestimated player in cancer metabolic reprogramming and tumor immunity
Authors: Xu Duo , Yin Shiyuan , Shu Yongqian
Published: June 2024

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a tumor suppressor gene implicated in various tumors, including mesothelioma, schwannomas, and meningioma. As a member of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family of proteins, merlin, which is encoded byNF2, regulates diverse cellular events and signalling pathways, such as the Hippo, mTOR, RAS, and cGAS-STING pathways. However, the biological role ofNF2in tumorigenesis has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, cross-cancer mutations may exert distinct biological effects on tumorigenesis and treatment response. In addition to the functional inactivation ofNF2, the codeficiency of other genes, such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B), BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1), and large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2), results in unique tumor characteristics that should be considered in clinical treatment decisions. Notably, several recent studies have explored the metabolic and immunological features associated withNF2, offering potential insights into tumor biology and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we consolidate the current knowledge onNF2and examine the potential connection between cancer metabolism and tumor immunity in merlin-deficient malignancies. This review may provide a deeper understanding of the biological roles ofNF2and guide possible therapeutic avenues.
Effectiveness of telehealth versus in-person care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Hatef Elham , Wilson Renee F. , Zhang Allen , Hannum Susan M. , Kharrazi Hadi , Davis Stacey A. , Foroughmand Iman , Weiner Jonathan P. , Robinson Karen A.
Published: June 2024

In this systematic review, we compared the effectiveness of telehealth with in-person care during the pandemic using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from March 2020 to April 2023. We included English-language, U.S.-healthcare relevant studies comparing telehealth with in-person care conducted after the onset of the pandemic. Two reviewers independently screened search results, serially extracted data, and independently assessed the risk of bias and strength of evidence. We identified 77 studies, the majority of which (47, 61%) were judged to have a serious or high risk of bias. Differences, if any, in healthcare utilization and clinical outcomes between in-person and telehealth care were generally small and/or not clinically meaningful and varied across the type of outcome and clinical area. For process outcomes, there was a mostly lower rate of missed visits and changes in therapy/medication and higher rates of therapy/medication adherence among patients receiving an initial telehealth visit compared with those receiving in-person care. However, the rates of up-to-date labs/paraclinical assessment were also lower among patients receiving an initial telehealth visit compared with those receiving in-person care. Most studies lacked a standardized approach to assessing outcomes. While we refrain from making an overall conclusion about the performance of telehealth versus in-person visits the use of telehealth is comparable to in-person care across a variety of outcomes and clinical areas. As we transition through the COVID-19 era, models for integrating telehealth with traditional care become increasingly important, and ongoing evaluations of telehealth will be particularly valuable.
Integrative analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and gut microbiome metabarcoding data elucidates macrophage dysfunction in mice with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hong Dawon , Kim Hyo Keun , Yang Wonhee , Yoon Chanjin , Kim Minsoo , Yang Chul-Su , Yoon Seokhyun
Published: June 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a significant inflammatory bowel disease caused by an abnormal immune response to gut microbes. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of how immune and metabolic changes specifically contribute to this disease. Our research aims to address this gap by examining mouse colons after inducing ulcerative colitis-like symptoms. Employing single-cell RNA-seq and 16 s rRNA amplicon sequencing to analyze distinct cell clusters and microbiomes in the mouse colon at different time points after induction with dextran sodium sulfate. We observe a significant reduction in epithelial populations during acute colitis, indicating tissue damage, with a partial recovery observed in chronic inflammation. Analyses of cell-cell interactions demonstrate shifts in networking patterns among different cell types during disease progression. Notably, macrophage phenotypes exhibit diversity, with a pronounced polarization towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype in chronic conditions, suggesting the role of macrophage heterogeneity in disease severity. Increased expression of Nampt and NOX2 complex subunits in chronic UC macrophages contributes to the inflammatory processes. The chronic UC microbiome exhibits reduced taxonomic diversity compared to healthy conditions and acute UC. The study also highlights the role of T cell differentiation in the context of dysbiosis and its implications in colitis progression, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to modulate the inflammatory response and immune balance in colitis.
Topological unwinding in an exciton-polariton condensate array
Authors: Lyu Guitao , Minami Yuki , Kim Na Young , Byrnes Tim , Watanabe Gentaro
Published: June 2024

The phase distribution in a Bose-Einstein condensate can realize various topological states classified by distinct winding numbers. While states with different winding numbers are topologically protected in the linear Schrödinger equation, when nonlinearities are introduced, violations of the topological protection can occur, leading to unwinding. Exciton-polariton condensates constitute a nonlinear open-dissipative system that is well suited to studying such physics. Here we show that a one-dimensional array of exciton-polariton condensates displays a spontaneous phase unwinding from a π- to zero-state. We clarify that this collective mode transition is caused by the combined effect of nonlinearity and topological defects in the condensates. While the mode-switching phenomenon observed in our previous experiment was interpreted as the single-particle mode competition, we offer an alternative explanation in terms the collective phase unwinding and find its evidence by reanalyzing the experimental data. Our results open a route towards active control of the mode switching by manipulating the topological defects in prospective quantum polaritonic devices.
Higher-order topological transport protected by boundary Chern number in phononic crystals
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Ye Liping , Pu Zhenhang , Ma Qiyun , He Hailong , Lu Jiuyang , Deng Weiyin , Huang Xueqin , Ke Manzhu , Liu Zhengyou
Published: June 2024

Topological pumps enable robust transports of topological states when the system parameters are varied in a cyclic process. The reported topological pumps are protected by the bulk topology. However, the exploration of topological pump protected by other mechanism remains elusive. Here we report our prediction and observation of higher-order topological pumps linked to the boundary topology, i.e., boundary Chern number. Based on such topological pump, the higher-order transports between the topological states of different dimensions (e.g., corner-edge-corner) are directly observed by spatial scanning of the sound field, and their topological robustness is observed in the paths with defects. Furthermore, modulated by the fundamental corner-edge-corner topological transport, topological splitting effects are unambiguously observed in our acoustic experiments. Our findings not only advance the research of the higher-order topological transports, but also offer good platforms to design unconventional devices.
Dual clumped isotopes from Mid-Eocene bivalve shell reveal a hot and summer wet climate of the Paris Basin
Authors: Kniest Jorit F. , Davies Amelia J. , Brugger Julia , Fiebig Jens , Bernecker Miguel , Todd Jonathan A. , Hickler Thomas , Voigt Silke , Woodland Alan , Raddatz Jacek
Published: June 2024

Accurate reconstruction of seasonal atmospheric patterns of the past is essential for reliable prediction of how climate will evolve due to anthropogenic CO2 forcing. The Eocene ‘hot house’ climate, as the warmest epoch during the Cenozoic, is considered as a potential analogue for ‘high-CO2’ future climate scenarios. In this context, the reconstruction of variations in seasonality are as important as changes in mean annual conditions. Here we combine stable oxygen (δ18O) and dual clumped isotope (Δ47 + Δ48) measurements of a bivalve shell to determine sub-annual variations in sea surface temperatures and oceanic freshening in the Paris Basin during the Mid-Eocene Climate Optimum, 40 million years ago. Our reconstruction indicates to high mean annual temperatures with a small seasonal amplitude (33.3 °C ± 4.4 °C) and an enhanced fresh water input during the summer period. Our results implying a substantially warmer climate state with different hydrological conditions for Western Europe during the Eocene than previously suggested by proxy data or climate modelling.
The bending of a supra-subduction zone produced crustal thickening and arc migration of the Mongolian Orocline
Authors: Ling Jiaqi , Li Pengfei , Yuan Chao , Rosenbaum Gideon , Sun Min , Li Zhen , Narantsetseg Tserendash
Published: June 2024

Orogenic curvatures have been widely recognized along global convergent plate boundaries. Understanding the impact of such curvatures on the tectonic evolution of orogens and their three-dimensional architecture has been challenging. Here we address this issue by studying magmatism around the tightly curved Mongolian Orocline in Central Asia. Our results show that during the Permian–Triassic, arc magmatism around the inner hinge of the orocline became younger towards the core of the orocline. During the same period, the crust was thickened, as indicated by Lanthanum-Ytterbium ratio proxy. These findings, together with the observation that the present-day hinge zone of the Mongolian Orocline is wider, indicate that this zone was subjected to significant crustal-scale contraction. This contractional deformation accounts for the relatively thicker crust around the inner hinge of the Mongolian Orocline, and offers a novel perspective on the formation of elevated topography around the hinge of curved plate boundaries.
Spinal muscular atrophy genetic epidemiology and the case for premarital genomic screening in Arab populations
Authors: Rabea Fatma , El Naofal Maha , Chekroun Ikram , Khalaf Mona , Zaabi Nuha Al , AlZaabi Khawla , ElHalik Mahmoud , Dash Swarup , El Saba Yaser , Ali Azhari , Abraham Smitha , Fathi Khansa , Shekhy Jwan , Aswad Saad G. , Elbashir Haitham , Alkuraya Fowzan , Loney Tom , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Khayat Abdulla Al , Abou Tayoun Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Background

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a fatal autosomal recessive disorder for which several treatment options, including a gene therapy, have become available. SMA incidence has not been well-characterized in most Arab countries where rates of consanguinity are high. Understanding SMA disease epidemiology has important implications for screening, prevention, and treatment in those populations.

Methods

We perform SMA diagnostic testing in a clinical multi-national patient cohort (N = 171) referred for hypotonia and/or muscle weakness. In addition, we carry out genetic newborn screening for SMA on 1502 healthy Emirati newborns to estimate the carrier frequency and incidence of the disease in the United Arab Emirates.

Results

Patients referred for SMA genetic testing are mostly Arabs (82%) representing 18 countries. The overall diagnostic yield is 33.9%, which is higher (>50%) for certain nationalities. Most patients (71%) has two SMN2 copies and earlier disease onset. For the first time, we estimate SMA carrier frequency (1.3%) and incidence of the disease (1 in 7122 live births) in the United Arab Emirates. Using birth and marriage rates in two Arab populations (United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia), as well as disease incidence in both countries, we show that, besides preventing new cases, premarital genetic screening could potentially result in around $8 to $324 million annual cost savings, respectively, relative to postnatal treatment.

Conclusions

The SMA carrier frequency and incidence we document suggests high potential benefit for universal implementation of premarital genomic screening for a wide range of recessive disorders in Arab populations.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac muscle rings for biohybrid self-beating actuator
Authors: Morita Tomohiro , Nie Minghao , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: June 2024

3D cardiac muscle rings are proposed as autonomously driving actuators. We develop the biohybrid self-beating actuator powered by the cardiac muscle rings and confirm its periodic antagonistic beating motion with culture.
A domino [3 + 2] cycloaddition/deamination/imine hydrolysis reaction of cyclopropyl spirooxindoles with thiourea for access to spiro-γ-thiolactone oxindoles
Authors: Wang Hai-Ting , Wen Xiao-Lin , Xu Xiao-Lin , Wang Dong-Chao , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: June 2024

A Lu(OTf)3-catalyzed domino [3 + 2] cycloaddition/deamination/imine hydrolysis reaction of D–A cyclopropane with thiourea was developed to afford γ-thiolactone spirooxindoles.
Electroreduction strategy: a sustainable tool for the generation of aryl radicals
Authors: Xie Xiao-Qing , Zhou Wei , Yang Ruchun , Song Xian-Rong , Luo Mu-Jia , Xiao Qiang
Published: June 2024

This review primarily focuses on the generation of aryl radicals via an electroreduction strategy, and systematically elaborates on synthetic applications, scope, and limitations of the substrates.
Use of photosensitive molecules in the crosslinking of biopolymers: applications and considerations in biomaterials development
Authors: Santos Nicolas , Fuentes-Lemus Eduardo , Ahumada Manuel
Published: June 2024

The photophysics and photochemical aspects of different photosensitive molecules (photosensitizers and photoinitiators) employed for biopolymers’ crosslinking and their biological impact in developing biomaterials are reviewed.
A literature review on V2X communications security: Foundation, solutions, status, and future
Authors: Ying Zuobin , Wang Kaichao , Xiong Jinbo , Ma Maode
Published: June 2024

With the refinement and development of the Vehicle to Everything (V2X) concept, its security issues have gradually come to the fore, revealing many security risks and increasing security requirements for V2X, and many protective measures have likewise emerged. The article first introduces the development history of the past Internet of Vehicles(IoV), summarizes some common V2X security threats, surveys the security technologies used for V2X communication, and outlines the development of each technology and the proposed security protocols in the last 3 years. Due to the different advantages and disadvantages of previous protection schemes, the idea of using National Cryptography to supplement the security scheme or designing a new security scheme article based on the National Cryptography Algorithms((AKA SM algorithms) is proposed. The survey then introduces the SM2, SM3, SM9, and ZUC algorithms, describes the development and application of the SM commercial algorithm in recent years, and finally, statistics and introduces the part of the development process of the security protocols currently used in IoV regarding the SM algorithms and gives some application prospects.