bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philosophical foundations of statistical research
Authors: Pociecha Józef
Published: March 2021

Every researcher desires to uncover the truth about the object of the undertaken study. When conducting statistical research, however, scientists frequently give no deeper thought as to their motivation underlying the choice of the particular purpose and scope of the study, or the choice of analytical tools. The aim of this paper is to provide a reflection on the philosophical foundations of statistical research. The three basic understandings of the term ‘statistics’ are outlined, followed by a synthetic overview of the understanding of the concept of truth in the key branches of philosophy, with particular attention devoted to the understanding of truth in probabilistic terms. Subsequently, a short discussion is presented on the philosophical bases of statistics, touching upon such topics as determinism and indeterminism, chance and chaos, deductive and inductive reasoning, randomness and uncertainty, and the impact of the information revolution on the development of statistical methods, especially in the context of socio-economic research. The article concludes with the formulation of key questions regarding the future development of statistics.
Elements of state studies in historical works by Marcin Kromer
Authors: Domański Czesław , Kowaleski Jerzy T.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to seek an answer to the research question whether the bishop ordinary of the diocese of Warmia, Marcin Kromer, can be regarded as one of the precursors of state studies in Poland. The authors chronogically examined particular stages of the bishop’s life, his professional career and achievements in the field of church and secular writing. The research demonstrates that one of Kromer’s works entitled Polonia sive de situ, populis, moribus, magistratibus et Republica regni Polonici libri duo includes descriptions which can be classified as examples of state studies. Until this day, the work itself has an undeniable cognitive value to its readers.
Locking Plate Fixation System for Intracapsular Fracture Neck of Femur in Young Patients
Authors: Mubark Islam , Nafady Mahmoud , Motawea Bahaa A.
Published: March 2021

Background. Intra-capsular fractures of the femoral neck in young patients are almost always treated with surgical fixation to preserve the native hip anatomy and biomechanics. Multiple Cannulated hip screws and the sliding hip screw have been the hallmark fixation devices for these injuries. The use of locking cannulated hip screws to a side plate was developed to mitigate the biological and mechanical downfalls of these devices. To report the outcome following the use of a locking plate fixation system in the management of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck in young patients.
Material and methods. A case series study of all the patients treated in our institution between 2014 and 2017. All eligible patients with hip intracapsular fractures aged between 18 and 65 were treated with a proximal locking hip plate system. The main reported outcomes were union rate, failure of fixation, and development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Results: Fifty-six patients (36 men and 20 women) at a mean age of 39.1 years (range 20-65 years) completed 24 months’ follow-up. Mean time to surgery was 16 hours. No intraoperative complications were reported. The mean time to union was 15.9 weeks (range 12-23). Three patients (5.3%, one Garden type III, and two type IV) did not achieve union at 6 months. Two patients had revision surgery with valgus osteotomy and the third patient required total hip replacement because of screw penetration. Five patients (8.9%) developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head (2 patients Garden type III, and 3 patients Garden VI). Only two patients required conversion to total hip replacement.
Conclusions. 1. The results in this study showed lower rates of non-union, AVN and secondary operation as compared to published data on both SCH and DHS. 2. It also compares favorably with results reported for dy­namic locking screw systems. 3. The study had few li­mitations, including lack of comparative groups. Also, when considering fracture classification subgroups, the unstable fracture pattern had higher rates of non-union and AVN. 4. This calls for a further larger number of studies dedicated to these fracture categories to ascertain long-term outcome with this type of fixation.
Strengthening the care and educational competences of parents as a challenge for family assistants
Authors: Krasiejko Izabela , Wasilewska-Ostrowska Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

The family assistant is designed to strengthen parents' caring and upbringing skills so that the family upbringing environment is safe for children and fosters their development. It is often not easy, as it seems. Assistants work with people who themselves have a relationship disorder, low insight skills, learned helplessness and low motivation to cooperate with assistance professions. Added to this are environmental factors and the level of understanding of the idea of assistantship and the organization of the work of social services in a given commune. This article will present recommendations on how to educate parents by family assistants and discuss difficulties in this regard.
Visions of Personal Future among Adolescents with Different Orientations Toward Educational Mobility
Authors: Polovina Nada , Gundogan Dragana , Radulović Mladen
Published: March 2021

Research of contemporary societies emphasises the importance of global economic circumstances, political uncertainties and social inequalities for young people’s visions of their personal future. This research is focused on general and career-specific aspects of adolescents' visions of personal future and how these relate to adolescents' orientation toward educational mobility. Educational mobility is determined by the equivalence/non-equivalence of parents’ levels of education and their offspring’s educational aspirations as expressed at the end of secondary schooling. According to this principle, three groups of participants were defined and their differences were analysed with respect to (a) general aspects of their visions of personal future, (b) career-specific aspects of their envisioned future, and (c) the perception of factors on which the achievement of career visions will depend. Significant differences among the three groups have been found in general and career-specific visions of the future. The findings of the study indicate that students who plan to attend university are more preoccupied with career and perceive personal characteristics as more important factors for achieving career goals than students without such plans. Finally, this paper suggests that, in order to fully understand young people’s visions of personal future from a micro and a macro perspective, it is fruitful to integrate psychological and sociological approaches.
Efficient and Color-tunable Organic Light-emitting Diodes for Rear Light Application on the Motor Vehicle
Authors: LI Yilian , LIU Na , ZHOU Pengchao , LAN Weixia , PU Huayan , LIAO Yingjie
Published: March 2021

By designing double emissive layers, orange light-emitting layer (EML) and red EML and a space layer of blending hole-transporting material (HTM) with electron-transporting material (ETM), we have achieved efficient and color-tunable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). It is found that the red shift of EL spectrum was enhanced when the ratio of HTM to ETM was 5:1. And a maximum current efficiency of 41.17 cd/A was reached. It has been demonstrated that two ultra-thin emissive layers could improve the current efficiency of the OLEDs. The current efficiency of the OLEDs with a 1 nm o;6range EML and a 1 nm red EML was enhanced by 27.4 % as compared to the reference devices. This is a novel approach to realizing voltage-controlled electroluminescence (EL) over different colors and intensity in a single OLED. The color-tunable OLEDs show the potential to be utilized as rear light on motor vehicle. We have investigated the effect of the ratio of HTM to ETM on the efficiency and spectral shift of the OLEDs through the control of recommendation zone.
Equity in the Distribution of Health Resources: A Case Study in Southeast Iran
Authors: Khammarnia Mohammad , Ghiasvand Hesam , Javadi Fateme , Safdari Adimi Fatemeh
Published: March 2021

Background: Equity in the distribution of equipment and resources in the health sector constitutes one of the main dimensions of justice, improving health status and increasing people's satisfaction. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining how health resources and bed are distributed in the poorest region of Iran. Methods: The current retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, as the poorest region of Iran, in 2020. Data were collected using a standard checklist from all five health centers affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZAUMS). Excel and STATA software were used for data analysis; the Gini index was also calculated. Results: The Gini index for the distribution of midwives and rural health workers was equitable (0.216 and 0.287, respectively). The distribution of urban healthcare providers, nutrition and psychology counselors, and active beds in ZAUMS were 0.675, 0.545, 0.454, and 0.526, respectively. The distribution of general practitioners, based on the Gini index (0.492), was not fair. Also, the distribution of specialists and nurses was unfair (Gini index: 0.494 and 589, respectively). Conclusions: The distribution of most resources in the poorest region of Iran was not fair. Unfair distribution and disparities can affect population health status in the future. Then, it is suggested that health policymakers and managers pay more attention to deprived regions.
On Wittgenstein’s Influence on the Logical Positivists
Authors: Vasilyev Vadim V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

In this article, I consider the influence of the ideas of Ludwig Wittgenstein, and above all the ideas of his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus on the philosophy of logical positivism. Agreeing that the question of such an influence is not a self-evident one, I clarify at first the concept of logical positivism and then turn to the evidence of the leading logical positivists about the influence of Wittgenstein upon them. An analysis of recollections of Moritz Schlick, Rudolf Carnap, Otto Neurath, Friedrich Waismann, and Alfred Ayer suggests that at least these thinkers themselves considered such an influence as very significant.
Shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by CFRP strips
Authors: Mohammed Abd
Published: March 2021

In this research, twelve normal reinforced concrete beams are used with dimensions of 110Ch10Ch20 cm, the compressive strength for all specimens is 30 MPa. Deformed bars 2Ø12mm with Ø6mm were used for longitudinal reinforcement, while for transverse reinforcement deformed bars with 5cm, 10cm and 15cm spacing were used. The specimens were tied by different shapes of CFRP strips (tied, inclined and X-shaped). All specimens were tested with two points load by a hydraulic machine to determine the modes of failure, maximum load and deflection. Specimens without CFRP strips were also tested and compared with other specimens. Specimens with the X-shaped strips shows 70% increment in Pu and decrement in maximum deflection of 39%. The addition of CFRP strips as a tying material helps in improving the strength and bearing strength of concrete.
II Semana Española de Fenomenologia. "El concepto de Lebenswelt"
Authors: Sánchez Benítez Sergio
Published: March 2021

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La internacionalización del audiovisual europeo: una asignatura pendiente
Authors: Clares Gavilán Judith
Published: March 2021

En octubre de 2011 publicamos en COMeIN el primero de toda una serie de artículos y entrevistas sobre distribución audiovisual, vídeo bajo demanda y políticas audiovisuales. En este primer artículo nos preguntábamos si el Video on Demand (VoD) podía llegar a considerarse la esperanza del audiovisual europeo y dar respuesta a los deseos de contar con una industria audiovisual sólida, capaz de competir en situación de igualdad con la industria americana.
'Trending' tópicos: ¡la televisión de ahora no es como la de antes!
Authors: Roig Antoni
Published: March 2021

La cosa suele ir así: alrededor de determinados fenómenos televisivos, a menudo dirigidos a un público concreto, preferentemente pero no de forma exclusiva infantil o juvenil, se lanzan proclamas sobre la lamentable calidad de los productos televisivos actuales, de los dudosos valores que transmiten, de su escasa relevancia como producto cultural.... Y no es extraño que se acompañen de consideraciones sobre mejores tiempos donde la creatividad, la originalidad y los valores éticos marcaban la diferencia, donde las funciones de la televisión –formar, informar y entretener– eran consideradas como ejes de referencia irrenunciables. En tiempos de abyecta telebasura no hay duda de que la televisión de ahora no es como la de antes. En mi opinión, este es un buen lugar para empezar a tratar algunos tópicos. En esta ocasión, relacionados por un lado con la calidad televisiva y por otro, con algo todavía más etéreo, la nostalgia.
El relato infinito como desafío
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Jordi
Published: March 2021

El estreno en el canal HBO, en junio de 2010, de Game of Thrones, basada en la primera entrega de la voluminosa serie de libros A Song of Ice and Fire del escritor estadounidense George R. R. Martin, y el despliegue simultáneo en la web de guías de lectura y otros recursos que anunciaban la complejidad y vastedad de la trama de la serie, ha venido a certificar que la explotación radical de la infinitud potencial del relato se ha erigido en uno de los rasgos más destacables de la actual narración audiovisual destinada al gran público.
Por qué las TRIC y no las TIC
Authors: Gabelas José Antonio , Marta Lazo Carmen , Aranda Dani
Published: March 2021

En un artículo anterior expusimos el contexto que describe un importante desfase entre la escuela y la sociedad en general, y las prácticas digitales culturales de los menores con la educación en las competencias mediáticas en particular. Con la eclosión de la tecnología siempre ha surgido un efecto fascinante, con una repercusión individual y colectiva. Ocurrió con el fuego, el telégrafo, la electricidad, la televisión, Internet. Pero llevamos demasiado tiempo con un largo debate sobre los usos y no usos de las TIC, que ya ha quedado obsoleto.
Gestión de riesgos y de documentos: tener o no tener
Authors: Garcia Alsina Montserrat
Published: March 2021

Gestionar los riesgos y los documentos tiene más transcendencia de la que nos podamos imaginar. Al pensar en lo que puede ocurrir si carecemos de dicha gestión, nos haremos una idea más certera.
Preliminary paleohistological observations of the StW 573 (‘Little Foot’) skull
Authors: Beaudet Amélie , Atwood Robert C , Kockelmann Winfried , Fernandez Vincent , Connolley Thomas , Vo Nghia Trong , Clarke Ronald , Stratford Dominic
Published: March 2021

Numerous aspects of early hominin biology remain debated or simply unknown. However, recent developments in high-resolution imaging techniques have opened new avenues in the field of paleoanthropology. More specifically, X-ray synchrotron-based analytical imaging techniques have the potential to provide crucial details on the ontogeny, physiology, biomechanics, and biological identity of fossil specimens. Here we present preliminary results of our X-ray synchrotron-based investigation of the skull of the 3.67-million-year-old Australopithecus specimen StW 573 (‘Little Foot’) at the I12 beamline of the Diamond Light Source (United Kingdom). Besides showing fine details of the enamel (i.e., hypoplasias) and cementum (i.e., incremental lines), as well as of the cranial bone microarchitecture (e.g., diploic channels), our synchrotron-based investigation reveals for the first time the 3D spatial organization of the Haversian systems in the mandibular symphysis of an early hominin.
Technology Creating a New Human: The Alchemical Roots of Transhumanist Ideas
Authors:   University of Tartu, Estonia, Konsa Kurmo
Published: March 2021

The aim of this article is to present a critical discussion of the influence of technology on humans and culture in contemporary Western society. Transhumanism is a philosophical and social movement that believes that the essential features of human life could be transformed and enhanced by applications of science and technology. In this article, I will compare transhumanist ideas about perfecting humans to the views of Roger Bacon, one of the representatives of European mediaeval alchemy. Such a treatment provides a historical background for transhumanist ideas and helps answer the moral and philosophical problems that humans are faced with due to modern technological development. Despite the fact that several transhumanist theoreticians treat it as a secular alternative to religious ideas, we can see that Christian eschatology plays a major role. Both in alchemy and transhumanism, scientific and theological aspects have been inseparably intertwined. Transhumanism can be seen as a continuation of the alchemical project in the twenty-first century. Modern science has added new tools to realise the goal of alchemical perfection. Transhumanism characterises very well the fact that the practices and theories of alchemy changed over time and adapted to changed contexts.
From Nature Romanticism to Eco-Nationalism: The Development of the Concept of Estonians as a Forest Nation
Authors:   University of Tartu, Estonia, Remmel Atko ,   School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Estonia, Jonuks Tõnno ,   Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia,   School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Estonia
Published: March 2021

Forest plays an important role in many North European national identities. The Estonian example is one of the extreme cases as Estonians consider themselves a forest nation, the claim being backed up with references to both history and contemporary data. The article explores diachronically the formation of this motif in the Estonian national narrative and studies the nuances of intellectual and social history that have shaped the development of the concept from ethnic nature to eco-nationalism.
Comparative transcriptome analyses of maize seedling root responses to salt stress
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiang , Liu Peng , Qing Chunyan , Yang Cong , Shen Yaou , Ma Langlang
Published: March 2021

Salt stress affects crop yield by limiting growth and delaying development. In this study, we constructed 16 transcriptome libraries from maize seedling roots using two maize lines, with contrasting salt tolerance, that were exposed to salt stress for 0, 6, 18 and 36 h. In total, 6,584 differential expression genes (DEGs; 3,669 upregulated, 2,915 downregulated) were induced in the salt-sensitive line and 6,419 DEGs (3,876 upregulated, 2,543 downregulated) were induced in the salt-tolerant line. Several DEGs common to both lines were enriched in the ABA signaling pathway, which was presumed to coordinate the process of maize salt response. A total of 459 DEGs were specifically induced in the salt-tolerant line and represented candidate genes responsible for high salt-tolerance. Expression pattern analysis for these DEGs indicated that the period between 0 and 6 h was a crucial period for the rapid response of the tolerant genes under salt stress. Among these DEGs, several genes, Aux/IAA, SAUR, and CBL-interacting kinase have been reported to regulate salt tolerance. In addition, the transcription factors WRKY, bZIP and MYB acted as regulators in the salt-responsive regulatory network of maize roots. Our findings will contribute to understanding of the mechanism on salt response and provide references for functional gene revelation in plants.
Undercarboxylated osteocalcin inhibits the early differentiation of osteoclast mediated by Gprc6a
Authors: Wang Hailong , Li Jinqiao , Xu Zihan , Wu Feng , Zhang Hongyu , Yang Chao , Chen Jian , Ding Bai , Sui Xiukun , Guo Zhifeng , Li Yinghui , Dai Zhongquan
Published: March 2021

Osteocalcin (OCN) was the most abundant noncollagen protein and considered as an endocrine factor. However, the functions of Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) on osteoclast and bone resorption are not well understood. In the present study, preosteoclast RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMs) were treated with ucOCN purified from prokaryotic bacteria. Our results showed that ucOCN attenuated the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells with a concentration dependant manner by MTS assay. Scrape wounding assay revealed the decreased motility of RAW264.7 cells after ucOCN treatment. RT-qPCR results manifested the inhibitory effects of ucOCN on the expression of osteoclastic marker genes in RAW264.7 cells during inducing differentiation of RANKL. It was also observed that ucOCN inhibited the formation of multinucleated cells from RAW264.7 cells and BMMs detected by TRAP staining. The number and area of bone resorb pits were also decreased after treatment with ucOCN during their osteoclast induction by toluidine blue staining. The formation and integrity of the osteoclast actin ring were impaired by ucOCN by immunofluorescent staining. Time dependant treatment of ucOCN during osteoclastic induction demonstrated the inhibitory effects mainly occurred at the early stage of osteoclastogenesis. Signaling analysis of luciferase activity of the CRE or SRE reporter and ERK1/2 phosphorylation showed the selective inhibitor or siRNA of Gprc6a (a presumptive ucOCN receptor) could attenuate the promotion of ucOCN on CRE-luciferase activity. Taken together, we provided the first evidence that ucOCN had negative effects on the early differentiation and bone resorption of osteoclasts via Gprc6a.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of ADP-ribosylation factors associated with biotic and abiotic stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Li Yaqian , Song Jinghan , Zhu Guang , Hou Zehao , Wang Lin , Wu Xiaoxue , Fang Zhengwu , Liu Yike , Gao Chunbao
Published: March 2021

The ARF gene family plays important roles in intracellular transport in eukaryotes and is involved in conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. To explore the role of these genes in the development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 74 wheat ARF genes (TaARFs; including 18 alternate transcripts) were identified and clustered into seven sub-groups. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TaARFA1 sub-group genes were strongly conserved. Numerous cis-elements functionally associated with the stress response and hormones were identified in the TaARFA1 sub-group, implying that these TaARFs are induced in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in wheat. According to available transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis, the TaARFA1 genes displayed tissue-specific expression patterns and were regulated by biotic stress (powdery mildew and stripe rust) and abiotic stress (cold, heat, ABA, drought and NaCl). Protein interaction network analysis further indicated that TaARFA1 proteins may interact with protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), which is a key protein in the ABA signaling pathway. This comprehensive analysis will be useful for further functional characterization of TaARF genes and the development of high-quality wheat varieties.
Familia y relaciones matrimoniales en la corte de Felipe IV: la descendencia del II Conde de Castrill
Authors: Correa Marcelo Paulo
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la importancia que tuvieron las relaciones familiares en la configuración del sistema político durante el reinado de Felipe IV (1621-1665). Está centrado en el análisis de los matrimonios de la descendencia de uno de los personajes más importantes del período: García de Avellaneda y Haro, II conde de Castrillo.A través de esta investigación se promueve el diálogo entre recientes propuestas teórico-metodológicas de la historia social y el paradigma de la Corte como sistema de gobierno. Con lo cual también se pretende hacer un ensayo de la utilización conjunta de estas dos tradiciones historiográficas.Para la confección del presente trabajo se han utilizado fuentes provenientes del Archivo de Protocolos Notariales de Madrid, del Archivo Histórico Nacional, del Archivo del Reino de Navarra y de la sección Cervantes de la Biblioteca Nacional de España.
Las políticas sociales en el régimen del etnoemprendimiento. Trayectorias posibles para el destinatario mapuche.
Authors: Navarrete Saavedra Rodrigo Agustin
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo tiene por propósito discutir sobre el papel que han jugado las políticas sociales en el multiculturalismo chileno de la posdictadura, con especial énfasis en los discursos y las trayectorias que dichos enunciados y tecnologías ayudan a configurar para los destinatarios dentro del actual régimen de subjetivación del etnoemprendimiento. Teóricamente se trata de extender elementos de la analítica foucaultiana del gobierno de las poblaciones hacia la nueva cuestión étnica y el multiculturalismo neoliberal, pero situados y adaptados desde un posicionamiento latinoamericano crítico y con aspiración descolonizadora. Del análisis de un amplio corpus textual de documentos de dominio público emanados de fuentes estatales, para-estatales y sub-estatales de gubernamentalidad, se exponen y discuten las configuraciones discursivas que mejor expresan la racionalidad etnogubernamental durante la posdictadura y las trayectorias que las políticas sociales ayudan a configurar para sus destinatarios.
Astroinformática y prospección de la astronomía chilena: Sub-disciplina en el escenario global y desarrollo científico local
Authors: Espinosa Rada Alejandro , Ortiz Ruiz Francisca , Cereceda Lorca Trinidad
Published: March 2021

El siguiente articulo busca contribuir al entendimiento de la astroinformática como una sub-disciplina emergente en el contexto de un sostenido incremento en las grandes cantidades de datos en la astronomía. Para ello, se realiza un estudio cualitativo en donde se entrevista a expertos internacionales de tal forma de indagar en los temas de interés de esta área y cómo ha sido definida. De la misma forma, se utiliza la tesis de la triple hélice – como coordinación entre empresa-estado-universidad- de tal forma de explorar lo que ha realizado Chile para posicionarse en el escenario global y desarrollar su cultura científica local a través de la astroinformática. Se concluye con los desafíos que enfrenta el país para llevar a cabo dicha empresa en la actual conformación de un sub-campo científico y el rol que podría tener en la conformación de esta nueva generación en el campo del saber astronómico.
Nobles de papel. Identidades oscilantes y genealogías borrosas en los descendientes de la realeza inca
Authors: Gutiérrez Manuel
Published: March 2021

El libro de Rocío Quispe-Agnoli, “Nobles de papel. Identidades oscilantes y genealogías borrosas en los descendientes de la realeza inca”, nos traslada a una temática cercana a nuestra realidad hispanoamericana que nos permite volver a pensar sobre el proceso de mestizaje y sus consecuencias culturales en nuestro continente, haciendo de esta investigación del mundo colonial americano, un trabajo de reflexión histórica contemporánea.
Araucanía – Comahue: un espacio transnacional de migración en Chile y Argentina
Authors: Sanhueza Díaz Lilian , Chávez Herting Marisol , Douzet Carafi María Teresa , Smythe Bendel Milton
Published: March 2021

Este artículo expone las características de la migración transfronteriza en el territorio Araucanía–Comahue, ubicado en la frontera sur de Chile y Argentina. Hoy en día es conocido como corredor, denominación dada en el marco de políticas de desarrollo impulsadas por los Estados-nación a espacios marginales anexados tardíamente al territorio nacional. Pero cabe destacar que ya en el siglo XVII, este espacio comunicaba y vinculaba a los habitantes del Wallmapu de cada lado de la cordillera de los Andes. Así, el objetivo es describir la movilidad humana indígena documentada por la historiografía y las dinámicas y prácticas transnacionales que se rescatan de las experiencias relatadas por chilenos y argentinos que migraron en esta zona desde mediados de siglo XX y que han utilizado las mismas rutas de los pueblos originarios. La información recabada muestra que esta migración transfronteriza es un fenómeno histórico y vigente que hoy impone desafíos al Estado. Por ello, se propone la noción de corredor humano Araucanía–Comahue que critica y complementa la actual idea de corredor. Si bien ésta reconoce el intercambio histórico, se focaliza en el desarrollo económico y el intercambio de bienes, sin atender a las características de la movilidad humana, las razones históricas de su circulación, las motivaciones actuales y, por ende, las condiciones necesarias para favorecer la calidad de vida de quienes transitan a través del macizo cordillerano.
Los neógrafos chilenos y la ortografía rrazional: un proyecto lingüístico anarquista
Authors: Villarroel Torres Natalia Valeska
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación se enmarca dentro del contexto político, social y cultural chileno de fines del siglo XIX, donde a raíz del proceso de estandarización lingüística iniciado desde la mitad del siglo, se llevaron a cabo una serie de debates sobre lenguaje que dieron lugar a la reforma ortográfica chilena. A partir de una perspectiva etnortográfica de los estudios glotopolíticos, estudiamos el periodo reformista para analizar las ideologías lingüísticas propuestas por los neógrafos chilenos, un grupo de intelectuales que defendió un sistema ortográfico aún más racional, lógico y radical que el propuesto por cualquier otro reformista de la época. Estos anarquistas de las letras practicaron una ortografía fonemática, no oficial, con la finalidad de concretar un proyecto ideológico contrahegemónico que pretendía alcanzar el progreso lingüístico, político y social en Chile.
Breves memorias de don Aquilino: Testimonio, comentarios y notas de un chileno de la Araucanía en el siglo XX
Authors: Órdenes Delgado Mathias Ernesto
Published: March 2021

La producción científica-literaria sobre la región de la Araucanía comúnmente trata sobre lo mapuche, la propiedad de la tierra, las forestales, los colonos y, en menor medida, sobre la reforma agraria. La entrevista2 que presentamos en este trabajo se aproxima a un tema distinto, menos abordado: la experiencia subalterna de aquellos chilenos pobres que, oleada tras oleada, llegaron "en masa” a poblar dicha región ya desde antes de la Guerra de Ocupación (1862-1883), la misma que terminaría por anexar el Gullumapu al territorio nacional.
La identificación de los pueblos indígenas en el Perú ¿Qué está sucediendo con el criterio de autoidentificación?
Authors: Alva Arévalo Amelia Isabel
Published: March 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo establecer que los parámetros legales para identificar a los pueblos indígenas en Perú limitan la aplicación del principio de autoidentificación. Para ello se examinan las normas internacionales sobre derechos humanos que consagran la autoidentificación como criterio fundamental. Luego, se explican los antecedentes de la terminología constitucional y legal para referirse a los pueblos indígenas en Perú, para entender por qué este tema se ha convertido en crítico. Finalmente, como consecuencia de la aplicación de la Ley de Consulta Previa y considerando el contexto extractivo, se discutirán los primeros obstáculos que algunas comunidades han enfrentado para ser considerados pueblos indígenas.
La cuestión de la dignidad en los mundos indígenas
Authors: Sanchez De Jaegher Carolina
Published: March 2021

La creciente disociación que se percibe de la humanidad con su casa común (la Tierra), se ha convertido en un terreno filosófico poroso y diverso, que por primera vez y después de largos siglos, reflexiona sobre su posición y nos da la oportunidad de desplazar al antropo-conocedor que hizo de la conquista de la naturaleza el fundamento de su posición privilegiada. Es esta base coyuntural la que también ha permitido la emergencia del conocer y sentipensar la dignidad sin el antropos como 'un fin en sí mismo', o, mejor dicho, no sólo en su contra (De la Cadena, 2019, p. 478; Kant, 1996). Dado que dignitas hominis es predominantemente un concepto occidental antropocéntrico, repensarlo sin la humanidad, o sin las racionalidades hegemónicas que han constituido su sustancia antropocéntrica y universalista, requiere de un diálogo con las múltiples éticas de la Tierra, particularmente con las éticas de esos mundos que nunca han aceptado la división colonial entre la vida humana y la no-humana: los mundos indígenas. En un momento de urgencia cuando los derechos humanos son frágiles a escala mundial, la problematización de la dignidad en este artículo comienza con su reposicionamiento como una invitación ontológica. Hacer referencia a la dignidad como tal tiene algunas consecuencias metodológicas, una de ellas es la posibilidad de desacoplar este valor de su sentido puramente antropocéntrico para fomentar un diálogo intercultural de múltiples dignidades. En segundo lugar, al reforzar el locus enuntiationis y las prácticas desde las cuales se defiende la naturaleza y la dignidad, se abre un canon para la pluriversidad en "mundo donde quepan muchos mundos" (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional [EZLN], 1997). 20 En la puerta de entrada de una comprensión del mundo que supera con creces la comprensión occidental de él y el reconocimiento de que la experiencia cognitiva de las éticas de la Tierra es extremadamente diversa, este artículo problematizará la idea de dignidad en el paradigma de la universalidad (Guilherme y Dietz, 2017; Merali, 2014; Mignolo, 2011; Quijano, 2000).
El patrimonio cultural inmaterial de los pueblos indígenas: bienes comunes ligados a la identidad de la comunidad
Authors: Calle Irene Merino
Published: March 2021

El Patrimonio Cultural es un terreno no circunscrito únicamente a monumentos o colecciones –patrimonio cultural material-, sino que se compone también de manifestaciones o tradiciones vivas de nuestros antepasados que son o tienen intención de ser transmitidos a futuras generaciones- patrimonio cultural inmaterial-. Este último es una pieza esencial en la conservación de la diversidad frente al auge de la globalización. Catalogarlos adecuadamente como bienes comunes y darles una regulación apropiada es el objetivo del presente artículo.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON APANGA MARMA
Authors: Gopal Uma B , Chaudhary Surendra
Published: March 2021

The concept of marma is one of the unique principles mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic texts. Marma are the vital sites in the body where there is confluence of mamsa, sira, snayu, asthi and sandhi where prana resides. These generate the symptoms from excruciating pain to fatal effect when exposed to trauma. Ancient ayurvedic seers have mentioned 107 such vital areas in the body. Apanga marma is one among them, present in the head region, at the area outer to lateral canthus and below the tail end of eyebrow within half angula dimension. It is a vaikalyakara marma and results in blindness or visual impairment on injury. Knowledge of marma is very important in clinical field in preventing the complications during the surgical and parasurgical procedures. Details are collected from ayurvedic texts and published papers aiming to provide a comprehensive overview on Apanga marma.
ROLE OF CLIMATE IN PRACTICE OF PANCHAKARMA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: . Hemant , DM Shreyas , Goud Kiran M
Published: March 2021

Ayurveda is a science of life focusing not only to cure the Rogi but also towards the maintenance of the health of a healthy person. Panchakarma is a modality giving a variety of opportunities to fulfill the main aim of Ayurveda. There are lots of factors which are involved to certainly administer therapy in such a way that it will always be infallibly effective. Among all those factors climate or Kala is one of the factors which influences almost every aspect in one way or the other. Today the Koppen Climate classification gives us the background to understand the climatic conditions in various places. These climate conditions will occur according to the Desha also, so Desha plays a direct role in influencing the Kala factor as Six seasons are not to be found everywhere around the globe. This variation of the seasons makes difficult for the physician to apply the concepts of Ritu and Shodhana accordingly for e.g., a place like Bengaluru has a moderate climate all over year yet being near to equator as compare to other cities in Karnataka because of the height from seas level. Therefore, an understanding of comparing the current seasons of cities based on distance from equator, height from sea level with the Sadharana and Asadharana Ritu for commencing the Sukhatama Vamanadi Karma is needed. Therefore, an attempt is made to describe the entire possible climate factors which play a role in commencing the Panchakarma therapies effectively.
A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF AYURVEDIC CLASSICAL GARBHINI PARICHARYA AND MODERN SCIENCE ANTENATAL CARE
Authors: Mohite Swati , Gholap Seema , Pawar K P , Kulkarni M B , Gajare Rahul
Published: March 2021

In this article we have reviewed antenatal care according to Ayurveda and Modern Science. In all Granthas many references have been citied regarding Garbhini Paricharya. Ayurveda gives more importance to diet for a healthy living, hence all kinds of Paricharya comprises focuses mainly on dietary habits. According to various Acharyas, Garbhini Paricharya is a systemic supervision undertaken in order to ensure proper nutrition of mother and fetus, its full growth and no defects in it along with no complications and pleasant delivery. Normal diet and mode of lifestyle of pregnant women, Garbhopaghatakar bhava (Contraindicated diet and mode of life or factors which harm fetus), Garbhasthapak dravya (drugs which useful for maintenance of pregnancy) are major aspects of Garbhini Paricharya. According to Modern Science Antenatal Care is a type of preventive health care. Antenatal Care includes prenatal screening and diagnosis to rule out and prevent maternal death, miscarriages, birth defects, low birth weight, neonatal infections and other problems. So Antenatal Care should be done in integrated way i.e., as per Modern science and as described in Ayurveda.
ROLE OF KOSHTHA AND AGNI IN PANCHAKARMA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Manju S Triveni , Kumar Vinay K N
Published: March 2021

Ayurveda, the ancient science of life originated in India more than 5,000 years ago and is often called the “Mother of All Healing”. Panchakarma is considered to be the most eminent branch of Ayurveda, as the name suggests it is a ‘five-step’ process for a complete detoxifying and rejuvenating therapy. Every individual is unique in Prakruti, Dosha, Agni, Koshtha and such other factors. So before administrating any Panchakarma procedure it is must to assess the Agni and Koshtha of the person. Agni and Koshtha role can be explained in 3 aspects- i.e., Poorva Karma (Deepana - Pachana, Snehana and Swedana), Pradhana Karma (Vamana karma, Virechana Karma, Basti Karma and Nasya) and Paschat Karma (Samsarjana krama). An attempt is made in the article to highlight the importance of Agni and Koshtha in all the aspects with respect to Panchakarma.
REVIEW ON UNDERSTANDING DYSLIPIDEMIA AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN AYURVEDA: A CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: S J Lolashri , Goud Kiran M
Published: March 2021

Lifestyle changes and alteration in diet brings about metabolic derangement eventually leading to conditions like Dyslipidemia. Raise in lipid level is the major cause and risk factor for Cardiovascular disorders, Diabetes mellitus etc. Globally one-third of incidence of Cardiovascular diseases are attributing by Dyslipidemia. In Ayurveda, this condition falls under the category of Santarpanotthavikara, which starts its pathology from the vitiation of kapha dosha, rasa and Medo dhatu. The prime Nidanas involved in this pathogenesis are Shleshmala ahara sevana, Adhyashana, avyayama and divaswapna. Considering these Nidana s and dosha-dushya vivechana our Acharya s mentioned about the administration of Guru-Atarpana dravyas, Vataghna annapana, Katu, Tikta, Kashaya rasa pradhana, Ruksha Ushna guna lines, treatment modalities like Vamana karma, Ruksha ushna Basti, Lekhana Basti, Ruksha Udvartana to tackle this condition.
Study on Combustion Characteristics of Ceiling Materials Using Cone Calorimeter
Authors: Huh Yerim , Kim Yunsung , Kim Hyewon , Lee ByeongHeun , Jin SeungHyen , Kwon YoungJin
Published: March 2021

Urban living spaces with piloti structures are at high risk for deregulation of building protocols. Recent fire case investigation results have shown the path of the fire from the initial ignition point to the exterior material via combustible ceiling materials; thus, preventing the spread of the fire through the ceiling material is a priority. Accordingly, investigations were conducted on the ceiling materials used in piloti structures, and it was confirmed that SMC, aluminum, DMC, and gypsum board were the main components, with the SMC ceiling materials accounting for more than 70% of the composition. Cone calorimeter tests were performed on these ceiling materials, and the heat fluxes of SMC, aluminum, DMC, and gypsum board were determined to be 217.10, 15.07, 1.78, and 41.92 kW/m2, respectively.
Evaluation of Fire Resistance Performance and Temperature Distribution by Depth of Reinforced Concrete Slab Subjected to Fire
Authors: Yoon Jangsik , Choi Byongjeong
Published: March 2021

The yield or ultimate strength of a structure can be deteriorated by fire, leading to structural collapse. Temperature estimation has been studied in concrete members to identify the internal temperature distribution of reinforced concrete members at high temperatures. While foreign standards such as ACI 216 and Eurocode exist, no domestic standards have not been established for fire-resistant designs (temperature of components, strength reduction factor). This study discussed the temperature estimation and comparison of slab members using the methods of Hertz, Wickstrőm, Kodur, Eurocode, and ACI 216.1 and analyzed the differences from actual experiments by comparing reinforced concrete experiments, foreign standards, and existing studies.
Regional Imbalance and Social Equity in Access to Emergency Medical Services in Busan Metropolitan City
Authors: Kang Seungwon , Jang Saewoom , Park Jiyong , Lee Dalbyul , Jung Juchul
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to analyze the regional imbalance and social equity of access to emergency medical services in Busan Metropolitan City and to present urban planning measures to enhance equity. According to a prior study, access to emergency medical services may be hampered by spatial and social equity. In this study, detailed figures through GIS spatial analysis were presented to test the above discussion. Network analysis, hotspot analysis, and natural breaks classification were used for the GIS spatial analysis. The results of the analysis revealed an inequality between regions in terms of accessibility to emergency medical services in Busan, but it was difficult to generalize that social equity was occurring. However, a closer analysis confirmed that there existed areas within the "gu" where the social equity of emergency medical services was greatly hampered.
Safety Consciousness Concept and Measuring Scope
Authors: Shin Jindong , Lee Dongkyu , Won Jinyoung , Pak Soyeon
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to organize the concept and measuring scope of Safety Consciousness to apply it to the Regional Safety Index. The definition and measuring scope of safety consciousness need to be determined objectively so that anyone can accept it, since it can be interpreted subjectively. Therefore, we attempted to develop the logic objectively by analyzing the legal system, social norms, expert opinions, and surveys. First, safety consciousness was defined as a concept that is revealed from personal safety perception to safety action. Second, for perception to be linked to action, a variable that leads an individual to place high value to safety is important. Third, to develop safety consciousness, the following process is necessary: Institutionalization → Culturalization → Perception → Action, which is the measuring scope of safety consciousness. Finally, the roles of the public and individuals, and unclear concepts were clarified.
MYB Genes Involved in Domestication and Crop Improvement
Authors: Albert Nick W. , Allan Andrew C.
Published: March 2021

Domestication of the world's crop species has been achieved through improvements in yield, and product qualities, with or without the guidance of scientific knowledge. These selection pressures are applied by breeders (and before them, farmers) both intentionally and unintentionally to improve crop features, which have often been grouped into ‘production traits’ and ‘quality traits’. New approaches to breeding that incorporate genome sequencing, mapping, and identification of genes underlying traits have revealed new variants in the family of transcription factors (TFs) called MYBs as driving important features in both these categories of domestication traits. In this article, we review the progress in understanding the role of MYB TFs in crop performance, as well as reasons to predict further gains in yield and quality centred on the MYB TF family.
Polymer Molecular Engineering Enables Rapid Electron/Ion Transport in Ultra‐Thick Electrode for High‐Energy‐Density Flexible Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Zhang Yangfan , Li Fuzhen , Yang Kang , Liu Xiu , Chen Yaoguang , Lao Zhengqi , Mai Kancheng , Zhang Zishou
Published: March 2021

Flexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density are of urgent need for the ever‐increasing flexible and wearable electronic equipments, but limited by the low areal loading of active materials in traditional electrodes with lamellar structure. It is still a great challenge to solve the sluggish electron/ion transport problem caused by increasing the areal loading of active materials. Herein, a kind of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is proposed to provide flexible supports and ion channels for ultra‐thick flexible LFP/CNT/EVA cathode and LTO/CNT/EVA anode, thereby achieving high energy density and all flexible LIBs. LFP/CNT/EVA shows a ternary homogeneous structure formed by the entanglement of EVA chains and CNT on LFP, which attributes to LFP content up to 80wt% and adjustable thickness from 20 to 460 µm. In sharp contrast to previous studies LFP/CNT/EVA delivers basically the constant specific capacity of ≈160 mAh g−1 at a 0.1 C rate with the thickness increasing, thus achieving ultrahigh areal capacity up to 4.56 mAh cm−2. A flexible full LIBs based on LFP/CNT/EVA and LTO/CNT/EVA is demonstrated and exhibits favorable cycle performance under an alternant flat and bending state. Those findings are supposed to open new avenues for designing high‐energy‐density flexible LIBs for future wearable energy storage devices.