bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microglial activation protects against accumulation of tau aggregates in nondemented individuals with underlying Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Authors: Pereira Joana B. , Janelidze Shorena , Strandberg Olof , Whelan Christopher D. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Palmqvist Sebastian , Stomrud Erik , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Hansson Oskar
Published: November 2022

The role of microglia in tau accumulation is currently unclear but could provide an important insight into the mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD)1. Here, we measured the microglial marker soluble TREM2 and the disease-associated microglial activation stage 2 markers AXL, MERTK, GAS6, LPL, CST7, SPP1 and CSF1 in nondemented individuals from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort who underwent longitudinal tau-positron emission tomography (PET), amyloid-PET and global cognitive assessment. To assess whether baseline microglial markers had an effect on AD-related changes, we studied three sub-groups of individuals: 121 with evidence of amyloid-PET pathology (A+), 64 with additional evidence of tau-PET pathology (A+T+) and 159 without amyloid- or tau-PET pathology (A−T−). Our results showed that increased levels of TREM2 were associated with slower amyloid accumulation in A+ individuals in addition to slower tau deposition and cognitive decline in A+T+ subjects. Similarly, higher levels of AXL, MERTK, GAS6, LPL, CST7 and CSF1 predicted slower tau accumulation and/or cognitive decline in the A+T+ group. These findings have important implications for future therapeutic strategies aiming to boost microglial protective functions in AD.
Defining shapes of two-dimensional crystals with undefinable edge energies
Authors: Wang Luqing , Shirodkar Sharmila N. , Zhang Zhuhua , Yakobson Boris I.
Published: November 2022

The equilibrium shape of crystals is a fundamental property of both aesthetic appeal and practical importance: the shape and its facets control the catalytic, light-emitting, sensing, magnetic and plasmonic behaviors. It is also a visible macro-manifestation of the underlying atomic-scale forces and chemical makeup, most conspicuous in two-dimensional (2D) materials of keen current interest. If the crystal surface/edge energy is known for different directions, its shape can be obtained by the geometric Wulff construction, a tenet of crystal physics; however, if symmetry is lacking, the crystal edge energy cannot be defined or calculated and thus its shape becomes elusive, presenting an insurmountable problem for theory. Here we show how one can proceed with auxiliary edge energies towards a constructive prediction, through well-planned computations, of a unique crystal shape. We demonstrate it for challenging materials such as SnSe, which is of C2v symmetry, and even AgNO2 of C1, which has no symmetry at all.
Combining multidimensional chromatography-mass spectrometry and feature-based molecular networking methods for the systematic characterization of compounds in the supercritical fluid extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F
Authors: Qu Boquan , Liu Yanfang , Shen Aijin , Guo Zhimou , Yu Long , Liu Dian , Huang Feifei , Peng Ting , Liang Xinmiao
Published: November 2022

A total of 324 compounds were systematically characterized by feature-based molecular networking. This work provides an efficient strategy for the rapid discovery and characterization of unknown compounds in natural products.
Lung-on-chip microdevices to foster pulmonary drug discovery
Authors: Sisodia Yashi , Shah Komal , Ali Sayyed Adil , Jain Meenakshi , Ali Syed Ansar , Gondaliya Piyush , Kalia Kiran , Tekade Rakesh Kumar
Published: November 2022

Fostering pulmonary research for managing pulmonary threat requires a potential alternative approach mimicking the in vivo complexities. This review expounds on lung-on-chip microfluidic simulator devices to foster pulmonary drug discovery and personalized medicine.
Efficient preparation of polyoxometalate-junctional cross-linking hybrid nanocomposites by polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: Zheng Zhibo , Yu Peiyao , Wang Rong , Tan Junyan , Zhang Jie , Wan Xinhua
Published: November 2022

A facile method for the preparation of POM–polymer hybrids in one-pot at high solid contents via polymerization-induced self-assembly was reported.
The formation and stability of fluoxetine HCl cocrystals investigated by multicomponent milling
Authors: Peach Austin A. , Holmes Sean T. , MacGillivray Leonard R. , Schurko Robert W.
Published: November 2022

Competitive and stability milling reactions, along with 35Cl solid-state NMR and powder X-ray diffraction measurements, are used to assess coformer affinity and cocrystal stability for a series of fluoxetine HCl cocrystals.
Metal–organic framework-derived porous carbon-mediated ZnO–nano-ZnO core–shell structure with excellent photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhou Dan-Yang , Pan Guang-Yu , Xu Mei-Ling , He Xiong , Li Tao , Liu Fu-Tian , Jiang Feng-Hua , Li Kui
Published: November 2022

ZnO–nano-ZnO@porous carbon (ZnO–nZnO@PC) wasin situfabricated through the Ostwald ripening mechanism and facile pyrolysis process, which demonstrated the performance of piezo-photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 99.4%.
Effect of an axial ligand on the self-assembly of molecular platforms
Authors: Li Chao , Meng Xiangzhi , Weismann Alexander , von Glasenapp Jan-Simon , Hamer Sebastian , Xiang Feifei , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Herges Rainer , Berndt Richard
Published: November 2022

Sub-monolayer amounts of trioxatriangulenium (TOTA) molecules functionalized with biphenyl on Ag(111) were investigated with scanning tunnelling microscopy.
DeepStruc: towards structure solution from pair distribution function data using deep generative models
Authors: Kjær Emil T. S. , Anker Andy S. , Weng Marcus N. , Billinge Simon J. L. , Selvan Raghavendra , Jensen Kirsten M. Ø.
Published: November 2022

We present a deep learning algorithm, DeepStruc, that can solve a simple nanoparticle structure directly from an experimental Pair Distribution Function (PDF) by using a conditional variational autoencoder.
Revealing the activity and selectivity of ppm level copper in gas diffusion electrodes towards CO and CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Lyu Xiang , Li Jianlin , Zhang Tianyu , Li Zhengyuan , Hwang In-hui , Sun Chengjun , Jafta Charl J. , Yang Jun , Toops Todd J. , Cullen David A. , Serov Alexey , Wu Jingjie
Published: November 2022

Cu is a unique metal that catalyzes carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide (CO/CO2) to form high-order hydrocarbons and oxygenates through the CO/CO2 reduction reaction (CO/CO2RR) at decent selectivity and productivity.
ZSM-5-confined Cr1–O4 active sites boost methane direct oxidation to C1 oxygenates under mild conditions
Authors: Zeng Mengyu , Cheng Lu , Gu Qingqing , Yang Bing , Yu Baiyang , Xu Jing , Zhang Ying , Pan Chengsi , Cao Xiao-Ming , Lou Yang , Zhu Yongfa
Published: November 2022

Cr1–O4 as an active site in the Cr1/ZSM-5 SAC can catalyze the DOM to form value-added C1 oxygenated products with a productivity of 21 100 μmol gcat−1 h−1 and a selectivity of 99.8% at 50 °C within 30 min, which outperforms most state-of-the-art catalysts.
Correction: Valorisation of phenols to coumarins through one-pot palladium-catalysed double C–H functionalizations
Authors: Brufani Giulia , Valentini Federica , Sabatelli Flavio , Di Erasmo Benedetta , Afanasenko Anastasiia M. , Li Chao-Jun , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Valorisation of phenols to coumarins through one-pot palladium-catalysed double C–H functionalizations’ by Giulia Brufani et al., Green Chem., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2gc03579k.
Linear maltodextrin polymer–folic acid modified graphene oxide nanoparticles for targeted delivery and pH/photothermal sensitive release of hydrophobic anticancer drugs in tumor cells
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Zhu Huirui , Xing Zihan , Gong Tao , Li Meining , Su Dan , Liang Wenting , Guo Rui
Published: November 2022

GO@LM-SP-FA was constructed by connecting linear maltodextrin polymer and folic acid to the surface of graphene oxide nanoparticles. Doxorubicin hydrochloride was loaded into GO@LM-SP-FA to form GO@LM-SP-FA/DOX, and controlled release of anticancer drugs was realized.
A fluorene–thiophene oligomer turn-on fluorescence probe with high-fold fluorescence enhancement for acetaldehyde dehydrogenase detection in cells
Authors: Li Siyuan , Tang Wei , Duan Xinrui
Published: November 2022

A turn-on fluorescence probe with 365-fold fluorescence enhancement and 9.5-fold fluorescence QY increase after ALDH oxidization, quick response (5 min), and high sensitivity was developed for acetaldehyde dehydrogenase detection in living cells.
Characterisation of direct ammonia proton conducting tubular ceramic fuel cells for maritime applications
Authors: Nowicki Kamil M. , Carins George , Bayne John , Tupberg Chayopas , Irvine Gavin J. , Irvine John T. S.
Published: November 2022

A tubular cell with a BCZYZ electrolyte was fabricated by the extrusion and dip coating. The cell was tested for an extended operation time of 170 h in pure ammonia fuel, showing exceptional stability and potential for direct ammonia fuel cell.
Synergistic effect of oxygen vacancy and dual electrocatalysts in activating anion redox in lithia-based cathodes
Authors: Han Ji Hyun , Hwang Ye Yeong , Park Soohyung , Shin Jisu , Yoon Kyung Joong , Lee Yun Jung
Published: November 2022

The synergistic combination of oxygen vacancies, dual OER/ORR catalysts, and the complementary catalyst with oxygen-mediating capability in the Co3O4/Ru–CeO2/Li2O2−xsuccessfully activated reversible anion redox reaction in lithia-based cathodes.
The role of ion solvation in lithium mediated nitrogen reduction
Authors: Westhead O. , Spry M. , Bagger A. , Shen Z. , Yadegari H. , Favero S. , Tort R. , Titirici M. , Ryan M. P. , Jervis R. , Katayama Y. , Aguadero A. , Regoutz A. , Grimaud A. , Stephens I. E. L.
Published: November 2022

Since its verification in 2019, there have been numerous high-profile papers reporting improved efficiency of lithium-mediated electrochemical nitrogen reduction to make ammonia.
A novel S-scheme heterojunction constructed by Ti-based hydrotalcite decorating MOFs for boosting CO2-to-CO photoreduction and mechanism insights
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Wang Zhen , Shang Xiaofang , Yang Yan , Ding Jie , Zhong Qin
Published: November 2022

A NMNTL, which presents an S-scheme electrons transfer mode, facilitating the migration of e−/h+pairs and suppressing the reoxidation of CO, thus manifesting high photocatalytic CO2-to-CO activity in H2O media is synthesized for the first time.
Polydopamine-modified decellularized intestinal scaffolds loaded with adipose-derived stem cells promote intestinal regeneration
Authors: Wan Jian , Wu Tianqi , Wang Keyi , Xia Kai , Yin Lu , Chen Chunqiu
Published: November 2022

Conceptual diagram of polydopamine-modified decellularized intestinal scaffolds loaded with adipose-derived stem cells promote intestinal regeneration.
Disentangling the complex photodynamics of mixed-linker Zr-MOFs – efficient energy and charge transfer processes
Authors: Gutiérrez Mario , Di Nunzio Maria Rosaria , Caballero-Mancebo Elena , Sánchez Félix , Cohen Boiko , Douhal Abderrazzak
Published: November 2022

Photodynamics of two mixed-linker Zr-MOFs showing different relaxation pathways including energy transfer, ligand-to-metal charge transfer, and long-lived charge separated states, which depends on the used modulators in the synthesis of the MOFs.
Do Miras show long secondary periods?
Authors: Pawlak Michał
Published: November 2022

Aims. The long secondary period (LSP) phenomenon, which is commonly observed in pulsating red giants, has not been detected in any Mira yet. The goal of this work is to verify, if there is a physical reason for this or if it is simply an observational bias.

Methods. The OGLE-III Sample of Long Period Variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud, containing 1663 Miras, is used to perform a search for secondary periodicity in these objects and identify candidates for the long secondary period stars based on the location on the period-luminosity diagram.

Results. Out of 1663 Miras, 108 were identified as potential candidates, with variability broadly consistent with LSP. This makes 7% of the whole Mira sample in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Most, if not all, of the Mira LSP candidates are C-rich stars.

Conclusions. The results of this analysis suggest that Miras may exhibit long secondary periods. However, the long-term variability can also be related to the period and amplitude irregularities that Miras are known to exhibit. Further study will be necessary to draw a definitive conclusion.
Gas kinematics around filamentary structures in the Orion B cloud
Authors: Gaudel Mathilde , Orkisz Jan H. , Gerin Maryvonne , Pety Jérôme , Roueff Antoine , Marchal Antoine , Levrier François , Miville-Deschênes Marc-Antoine , Goicoechea Javier R. , Roueff Evelyne , Le Petit Franck , de Souza Magalhaes Victor , Palud Pierre , Santa-Maria Miriam G. , Vono Maxime , Bardeau Sébastien , Bron Emeric , Chainais Pierre , Chanussot Jocelyn , Gratier Pierre , Guzman Viviana , Hughes Annie , Kainulainen Jouni , Languignon David , Le Bourlot Jacques , Liszt Harvey , Öberg Karin , Peretto Nicolas , Sievers Albrecht , Tremblin Pascal
Published: November 2022

Context. Understanding the initial properties of star-forming material and how they affect the star formation process is key. From an observational point of view, the feedback from young high-mass stars on future star formation properties is still poorly constrained.

Aims. In the framework of the IRAM 30m ORION-B large program, we obtained observations of the translucent (2 ≤ AV < 6 mag) and moderately dense gas (6 ≤ AV < 15 mag), which we used to analyze the kinematics over a field of 5 deg2 around the filamentary structures.

Methods. We used the Regularized Optimization for Hyper-Spectral Analysis (ROHSA) algorithm to decompose and de-noise the C18O(1–0) and 13CO(1–0) signals by taking the spatial coherence of the emission into account. We produced gas column density and mean velocity maps to estimate the relative orientation of their spatial gradients.

Results. We identified three cloud velocity layers at different systemic velocities and extracted the filaments in each velocity layer. The filaments are preferentially located in regions of low centroid velocity gradients. By comparing the relative orientation between the column density and velocity gradients of each layer from the ORION-B observations and synthetic observations from 3D kinematic toy models, we distinguish two types of behavior in the dynamics around filaments: (i) radial flows perpendicular to the filament axis that can be either inflows (increasing the filament mass) or outflows and (ii) longitudinal flows along the filament axis. The former case is seen in the Orion B data, while the latter is not identified. We have also identified asymmetrical flow patterns, usually associated with filaments located at the edge of an H II region.

Conclusions. This is the first observational study to highlight feedback from H II regions on filament formation and, thus, on star formation in the Orion B cloud. This simple statistical method can be used for any molecular cloud to obtain coherent information on the kinematics.
Laboratory hydrogenation of the photo-fragments of PAH cations: Co-evolution interstellar chemistry
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Hu Xiaoyi , Ge Yanan , Dong Zhenru , Yang Yuanyuan , Liu Jia , Chen Yang , Zhen Junfeng , Qin Liping
Published: November 2022

To investigate co-evolution interstellar chemistry, we studied the gas-phase hydrogenation processes of possible photo-fragments of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) cations. Our experimental results show that hydrogenated photo-fragments of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC, C42H18) cations are efficiently formed. The predominance of even-mass fragments (C42H2n+, n = [0–9]) is observed in the photo-fragmentation experiments, while no even-odd hydrogenated mass patterns are observed in the hydrogenation experiments. We investigated the structure of these newly formed hydrogenated photo-fragments and the bonding energies for the reaction pathways with quantum chemistry calculations. We used a molecular kinetic reaction model to simulate the hydrogenation processes of the photo-fragments (e.g. C42H12+) as a function of the reaction time under the experimental conditions. We obtain the possible structure distribution of the newly formed hydrogenated fragments of C42H18+ and the infrared (IR) spectra of these possible molecules. We infer that the hydrogenation and photo-dehydrogenation channels are not reversible reaction channels. Hydrogenation tends to be more random and disorderly, with no restrictions or requirements for the carbon reaction sites of PAH species. As a result, under the co-evolution interstellar chemistry network, there is little chance that PAH compounds return to their initial state through hydrogenation processes after photo-dehydrogenation. Consequently, the hydrogenation states and forms of PAH compounds are intricate and complex in the interstellar medium (ISM).
The Influences of Internal and External Environment on The Performance and Sustainability of Cardamom Farming
Authors: Darmawati Putri Dindy , Zulkifli Lutfi , Setiawati Indah
Published: November 2022

Cardamom farming in Banyumas Regency is mostly cultivated on Perhutani land. Land conservation management is an important part so that business sustainability can be maintained. Sustainable land conservation management combines technology, policies, and activities by integrating socio-economic principles that pay attention to the environment by (a) maintaining or increasing production (maintain or enhance productivity / services); (b) reduce the level of production risk; (c) protect the potential of natural resources and prevent the degradation of soil and water quality; (d) be economically viable; (e) be socially acceptable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of individual characteristics and external environmental factors on the performance and sustainability of cardamom farming in Perhutani land, Banyumas Regency. The analytical method used is descriptive quantitative. Data analysis using Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square. The results of the analysis show that the factors that affect the performance and sustainability of cardamom farming are government policies and regulations; socio-cultural environment; and individual characteristics. While the economic environment has no significant effect on the 95% confidence level.
Revitalization of Local Wisdom in the Conservation of the Upstream Watershed Region, on Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Suwarto  , Wibowo Agung , Lestari Eny , Rahayu
Published: November 2022

Human resources are the primary factor in watershed management, so the presence of local wisdom and social capital are important components in conservation efforts. This research aims to describe the revitalization of local wisdom and social capital in conservation. The research was conducted in the upstream watershed region of the Solo River, in Wonogiri Regency, which includes Gemawang Village in Ngadirojo District, Sambirejo Village in Jatisrono District, Pingkuk Village in Jatiroto District, Sukoboyo Village in Slogohimo District, and Sembukan Village in Sidoharjo District. The research used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to investigate developing social phenomena. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with informants who were selected through purposive sampling, including village officials, religious leaders, community leaders, and farmers. The research results show that the revitalization of local wisdom and social capital is implemented through community empowerment, developing community participation, establishing a cooperation network for all stakeholders from the government, corporations, and the community, and providing extension, mentoring, and training in the utilization and conservation of the natural resources of the watershed region.
The potential of Central Java local black rice and red rice as drought tolerant cultivars
Authors: Awanis Sabila , Purwanto Edi , Rahayu Muji
Published: November 2022

Black and red rice contain nutritional values not found in white rice. They contain anthocyanins which are beneficial to health. Drought stress can potentially reduce rice yield. So, it is necessary to develop local black and red rice into tolerant cultivars. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with cultivar factor (V) and drought stress level (K). Drought stress treatment was carried out when the plants were 35-95 DAP (days after planting) using the modified gravimetric method. Plant destruction was conducted at 7 and 21 DAT (days after treatment) to measure the growth analysis component. The observation of the growth analyses was plant dry weight, leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR). Agronomic characters by observing shoot-root ratio and flowering age. The results showed drought stress decreased plant dry weight, leaf area, and relative growth rate on Sragen black rice. Jelitheng Karanganyar showed high RGR and NAR under drought stress and the fastest flowering age response. Wonogiri black rice gave the growth response by reducing specific leaf area. The highest shoot-root ratio was shown on Wonogiri black rice.
Relationship of fracture behavior and stress triaxiality of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: GAO Baisen , HUANG Wei , WANG Shengnan , ZHANG Shuangyin , CHEN Xianmin
Published: November 2022

It is significant to study the relationship between the stress triaxiality and the fracture behavior for analyzing the failure process of additive manufactured titanium alloy. This paper combined the tensile test of smooth round bar specimens and notched round bar specimens with the numerical simulation to obtain the stress triaxiality distribution and fracture strain in order to study fracture behavior of additive manufactured titanium under different stress triaxiality. Fracture analysis was proceeded by using scanning electronic microscope to analyze the correlation between the stress triaxiality and the fracture behavior. Results show that the fracture strain decreases while the stress triaxiality increases and the location of the crack initiation moves from the center to the edge of the minimum cross-section while the radius of the notch decrease.
Phase field model of brittle fracture based on polynomial degradation function
Authors: YU Yuanfeng , ZHENG Xiaoya , LI Peng , ZHANG Zhongzhou , XIAO Jinyou
Published: November 2022

In order to make the phase field model better describe the brittle fracture process of materials, a polynomial degradation function is given in this paper, and the elastic limit stress and strain corresponding to the phase field model, the critical phase field value, and the critical stress and strain formulas are deduced so as to quantitatively describe the fracture change process of materials. From the formula of the critical phase field value, it can be found that the value decreases with the increasing of number of functions continuously, which indicates that the damage degree of the model decreases gradually when it is damaged. The influence of the degradation function on the fracture process of the material is analyzed by a numerical example. When the function order is small, the phase field model can keep the linear elastic response process well. With the increasing of number of functions, the decreasing trend of the function increases at the beginning, which will aggravate the damage trend inside the material and cause the material to damage earlierly, indicating that the change trend of the degradation function will affect the failure process of the material to a certain extent.
A grammar analysis model for a video query language SVQL
Authors: LU Chenglang , YOU Weijun , WU Zongda
Published: November 2022

研究了一种基于结构化声明的视频查询语言SVQL的语言分析模型。以巴克斯范式、逻辑代数等工具形式化描述了SVQL的文法规则和语义规则, 据此构建了多层次SVQL语法分析模型。基于该语法分析模型, 结合编译原理相关理论知识, 设计实现了SVQL语法分析工具。实验评估语法分析模型的有效性, 该模型能分析出SVQL查询语句所包含的语法错误和语义错误, 并给出准确的信息。
Trajectory tracking control method based on adaptive super-twisting sliding mode
Authors: QI Zhaohui , ZHANG Jin , WANG Yuanzhuo , WANG Jia , XU Mengrong , ZHANG Cheng
Published: November 2022

Aiming at the problem of trajectory tracking control in the process of missile network formation flying, based on the optimal nominal trajectory obtained by solving the two-point boundary value problem, combined with the anti-jamming characteristics of the sliding mode controller, a trajectory tracking control method based on the adaptive super-twisting sliding mode is proposed. First, on the basis of the terminal guidance section model, the two-point boundary value problem is solved through the idea of nonlinear programming to obtain the optimal nominal trajectory; Secondly, the tracking controller based on state deviation is designed in combination with the adaptive super-twisting sliding mode algorithm; Finally, the LQR trajectory tracking control method is introduced as a comparison method, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the sliding mode trajectory tracking method in the presence of initial state errors are verified by simulations, and the Monte Carlo simulation shows that the proposed method has good trajectory tracking control effect in the presence of different initial state errors.
Simulation on design-oriented missile equipment support system under multiple disturbances
Authors: GUO Lu , LIU Xiaodong
Published: November 2022

针对导弹装备, 尤其是新研装备或历史经验数据欠缺的装备, 在设计阶段保障方案规划不合理的问题, 提出了一种多扰动下面向设计的导弹装备保障系统仿真方法。构建了分层分块的混合递阶仿真框架, 抽象出装备保障过程中的装备类、保障类、管理类、环境类智能体, 并根据保障流程确定了这4类智能体的交互机制及信息传递链路。分析了影响装备保障决策的2类扰动, 建立了装备故障扰动和人员失误扰动模型, 采用双时钟机制实现仿真过程中的扰动注入, 并根据装备维修保障流程及智能体状态跃迁过程建立了保障系统的恢复行为模型。选取了某型导弹装备开展实例仿真, 将保障资源仿真结果与装备初始设计方案和装备实际需求情况进行对比, 验证了仿真系统的正确性, 为在设计阶段制定合理科学的装备保障方案提供了新思路。
A method for identity authentication and data protection of terminal storage devices of power internet of things
Authors: HE Pei , ZHENG Wenbin , CHI Xiaojin , CAI Yiting , YAO Hongjing
Published: November 2022

针对电力物联网智能终端与数据中心通信链路低带宽、高延迟的特点, 结合泛在物联的网络环境中数据同步和共享的安全需求, 以实现通信资源受限情况下尽量减少更新文件传输代价为目标, 设计了一种实现轻量级信息动态安全存储与验证的方法, 确保了终端存储设备的信息安全。该方法通过动态证明存储技术对数据中心存储密态文件完整性进行验证, 并且支持对密态文件的动态修改处理和增量更新。对于修改的文件, 仅传输修改部分的数据块到数据中心完成更新, 无需重新上传整个文件, 有效降低了验证的计算开销和传输的通信开销。
Tracking maple seeds falling through wind
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: November 2022

Single-winged maple seeds in a crosswind reveal surprising bimodal dynamics.
Bioinspired surfaces could lead to greener energy storage and much more
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: November 2022

Understanding and manipulating liquid/air interfaces could enable exciting surface properties for flexible electronics.
Tunable interface states driven by ferroelectric polarization discontinuity in BiFeO3-based superlattice
Authors: Zhang Sa , Yang Baishun , Liu Zijiang , Zu Xiaotao , Scanlon David O. , Huang Bing , Qiao Liang , Xiao Haiyan
Published: November 2022

Interfacial electronic reconstruction is one of the central topics in condensed matter research as it brings in new physics and novel material properties. Typically, it is induced by dipole, valence, or lattice discontinuities near the interfaces. However, ferroelectric polarization discontinuity (FPD) can also induce electronic reconstruction, which is not well understood, particularly in perovskite oxide interfaces. Here, we demonstrate that FPD plays critical roles in determining the electronic properties of ferroelectric superlattices and creates coexisted two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) and two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We further unravel that FPD competes the traditional polar discontinuity, thus, can lead to various final interface states. The present work opens a special door to achieve 2DEG and 2DHG in the ferroelectric perovskite heterostructure via ferroelectric polarization discontinuity and provides a guidance to achieve emergent interfacial phenomena.
Deterministic topological defects and quantum dot assembly in a nematic liquid crystalline medium
Authors: Qaiser Maryam , Bano Afsar , Shaukat Ammad , Hussain Syed Zajif , Ulhaq Ata , Khan Ammar A.
Published: November 2022

Liquid crystal (LC) materials exhibit interesting electro-optic switching and molecular ordering properties. Furthermore, the addition of chemically compatible active emitters such as core-shell quantum dots (QD) in a LC medium allows optical as well as dielectric tuning in an anisotropic, reconfigurable ordered medium. Order in a nematic LC phase is characterized by an orientational order parameter. In this work, we demonstrate the use of patterned substrates to generate arrays of integer topological defects in a nematic LC medium doped with cadmium selenide (core) cadmium sulfide (shell) core–shell QDs. We demonstrate the formation of metastable air-pillar-induced integer topological defects (TDs) in relatively thinner 9 μm LC sandwich cells, and the formation of field-induced TDs in thicker (25 μm) cells. Simultaneously, the self-assembly of core-shell QDs into square arrays on the patterned substrates is discussed, highlighting potential electro-optic device applications. The surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is found to play a significant role in LC TD formation as well as QD spatial organization at the optimized concentration. Self-assembly and ordering of single- and multi-component LCs within structured devices is a highly relevant problem for modern optoelectronic devices. This work opens new possibilities for classical as well as quantum light sources which require spatially ordered optical emitters in a reconfigurable dielectric medium at a micron-scale.
Time-resolved rheometry of coarsening foams using three-dimensionally printed fractal vanes
Authors: Carraretto Igor M. , Owens Crystal E. , McKinley Gareth H.
Published: November 2022

Aqueous foams are useful in several applications, especially to reduce liquid loading in the oil and gas industry. The rheology of these foams evolves rapidly, and suitable constitutive models are required to describe the resulting multiphase flow. We describe a new experimental setup for advanced rheometry involving 4-arm and 12-arm vane-in-textured-cup toolsets. The cup was designed to provide in situ foaming to minimize injection times and flow-history artifacts before measurement, while the 12-arm vane was selected to eliminate slip and generate a homogeneous stress field in a weak foam. Using these tools, we measure the decay of linear viscoelasticity and yield stress and link the rheological evolution to optical measurements of the bubble size distribution. Time-resolved rheological measurements of the full flow curve of an aging foam are performed and used to construct a rheological master curve. Measurements of the transient linear viscoelastic response and observations of the bubble size distribution show that foams, after an initial induction period, experience an increase in the Sauter mean bubble radius that scales as t1/2. Using the well-known Princen and Kiss model as a framework, we define a single unique time-dependent shift factor that varies with the Sauter mean bubble radius and enables us to use the rheological master curve to predict the temporal evolution of the foam's elastic and steady-state viscoplastic properties.
Dielectric functions evolution and electronic bandgap manipulation by silicon doping for Sb2Te3 phase change films: Temperature dependent spectroscopic ellipsometry study
Authors: Guo Shuang , Zhang Xiaolong , Wang Bao , Wang Yunfeng , Hu Zhigao
Published: November 2022

The dielectric function evolution and electronic bandgap manipulation by silicon (Si) doping for Sb2Te3 phase change films have been investigated by temperature dependent spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements. During the phase change from amorphous to rhombohedral structures, the significant contrast of electronic band structure for pure Sb2Te3 and Si-doped Sb2Te3 (SST) films as functions of temperature (210–620 K) and Si concentration (0%–12%) has been systematically studied by analyzing the dielectric functions, Tauc gap energy, and partial spectral weight integral. The distinct differences can be mainly attributed to the increment of structure order degree, originated from the change of local bonding arrangement. Based upon the evolutions of Tauc gap energy and partial spectral weight integral with increasing temperature for all four samples, it can be concluded that Si doping can inhibit the crystallization of amorphous films and accelerate the phase change process by serving as nanoscale heaters, which is helpful in improving the thermal stability of amorphous films. The elevated crystallization temperature and phase change rate by Si doping contribute to the dependability and endurance for SST-based phase change memory. The present data provide an important direction on the physical mechanism investigation of Si doping Sb2Te3 by optical techniques.
Functional multilayer solid electrolyte films for lithium dendrite suppression
Authors: Dai Wangqi , Ma Ziqiang , Wang Donglei , Yang Siyu , Fu Zhengwen
Published: November 2022

The improvement of the interface between a lithium metal and a solid electrolyte layer is very important for the application of a lithium anode coated by solid electrolytes in lithium metal batteries. In order to address the issues of interface performance and compatibility between solid electrolyte films prepared by magnetron sputtering and lithium metals and the suppression of lithium dendrite during the cycling, a three-layer interface solid electrolyte film based on carbon-doped lithium phosphate oxynitride (LiCPON) was employed for coating a lithium metal. The sandwich structure of LiCPON by introducing an ultra-thin lithium niobium oxynitride (LiNbON) layer prepared by sputtering LiNbO3 in nitrogen ambient can be confirmed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Atomic force microscopy data indicated that the surface of the LiCPON thin film with the sandwich structure is flatter and smoother than that of the LiCPON thin film on the lithium metal. The interface impedance of the symmetric battery based on the sandwich structure of the LiCPON coating lithium metal was reduced from 512.2 to 65.4 Ω, and the symmetric battery stable cycles from 300 h with an overpotential of more than 200 mV to 400 h with low overpotential of about 77 mV. These results suggest that functional multilayer solid electrolyte films become an effective method for protecting lithium. The incorporation of ultra-thin LiNbON into the LiCPON thin film could significantly decrease interface impedance between the lithium metal and solid electrolyte layer.
A smooth basis for atomistic machine learning
Authors: Bigi Filippo , Huguenin-Dumittan Kevin K. , Ceriotti Michele , Manolopoulos David E.
Published: November 2022

Machine learning frameworks based on correlations of interatomic positions begin with a discretized description of the density of other atoms in the neighborhood of each atom in the system. Symmetry considerations support the use of spherical harmonics to expand the angular dependence of this density, but there is, as of yet, no clear rationale to choose one radial basis over another. Here, we investigate the basis that results from the solution of the Laplacian eigenvalue problem within a sphere around the atom of interest. We show that this generates a basis of controllable smoothness within the sphere (in the same sense as plane waves provide a basis with controllable smoothness for a problem with periodic boundaries) and that a tensor product of Laplacian eigenstates also provides a smooth basis for expanding any higher-order correlation of the atomic density within the appropriate hypersphere. We consider several unsupervised metrics of the quality of a basis for a given dataset and show that the Laplacian eigenstate basis has a performance that is much better than some widely used basis sets and competitive with data-driven bases that numerically optimize each metric. Finally, we investigate the role of the basis in building models of the potential energy. In these tests, we find that a combination of the Laplacian eigenstate basis and target-oriented heuristics leads to equal or improved regression performance when compared to both heuristic and data-driven bases in the literature. We conclude that the smoothness of the basis functions is a key aspect of successful atomic density representations.
Key temperature-dependent characteristics of AlGaN-based UV-C laser diode and demonstration of room-temperature continuous-wave lasing
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Kushimoto Maki , Yoshikawa Akira , Aoto Koji , Sasaoka Chiaki , Schowalter Leo J. , Amano Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

Although the pulsed operation of AlGaN-based laser diodes at UV-C wavelengths has been confirmed in the previous studies, continuous oscillation without cooling is difficult because of the high operating voltage. In this study, the temperature dependence of key parameters was investigated and their impact on achieving continuous-wave lasing was discussed. A reduction in the threshold voltage was achieved by tapering the sides of the laser diode mesa and reducing the lateral distance between the n- and p-electrodes. As a result, continuous-wave lasing at room temperature was demonstrated at a threshold current density of 4.2  kA/cm2 and a threshold voltage of 8.7  V.
Local stress control to suppress dislocation generation for pseudomorphically grown AlGaN UV-C laser diodes
Authors: Kushimoto Maki , Zhang Ziyi , Yoshikawa Akira , Aoto Koji , Honda Yoshio , Sasaoka Chiaki , Schowalter Leo J. , Amano Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

Previously reported UV-C laser diode (LD) structures have been subject to design constraints owing to dark line defects at the edge of the mesa stripe after device fabrication. To address this issue, a detailed analysis revealed that the dark line defects were dislocations generated by local residual shear stresses associated with mesa formation on highly strained epitaxial layers. A technique for controlling the local concentration of shear stress using a sloped mesa geometry was proposed based on insight gained by modeling the stress distribution at the edge of the mesa stripe. Experimental results showed that this technique succeeded in completely suppressing the emergence of dark-line defects. This technique will be useful in improving the performance of pseudomorphic AlGaN/AlN-based optoelectronic devices, including UV-C LDs.
Minimally diffracting quartz for ultra-low temperature surface acoustic wave resonators
Authors: Emser A. L. , Rose B. C. , Sletten L. R. , Aramburu Sanchez P. , Lehnert K. W.
Published: November 2022

We simulate and experimentally demonstrate the existence of an orientation of quartz, which minimizes diffraction losses in surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators at ultra-low temperatures. The orientation is optimized for applications to quantum technologies, which benefit from high mechanical quality factors, strong electromechanical coupling, and narrow acoustic apertures. We fabricate narrow aperture SAW resonators on this substrate and measure internal quality factors greater than 100 000 at mK temperatures.
Kinematic responses of an autorotating samara to concentrated crosswind
Authors: Niu Pei Xing , Atkins Michael D. , Liu Yan Yan , Lu Tian Jian , Kim Tongbeum
Published: November 2022

A single-winged maple seed (samara) is dispersed laterally by a crosswind in contrast to simply descending straight down (zero dispersion) in quiescent air. This article presents the general kinematic response of a particular type of samaras (Acer buergerianum) in stable autorotation to the disturbance of a concentrated crosswind (simulated via slot jet) with the crosswind strength varied distinctively from weak to strong. A relatively weak crosswind slower than the tip velocity of the stably autorotating samara causes only damped undulations of its descent trajectory. In contrast, we demonstrate that the samara exhibits a bi-modal response when disturbed by a relatively strong crosswind (velocity greater than samara tip velocity). The strong crosswind enables the samara either to float laterally with the crosswind or drop-out through the crosswind with the switching of its rotational direction. Regardless of crosswind strength, stable autorotation is re-established after the samara leaves the crosswind zone, albeit accompanied by large-scale undulations in its descent trajectory. More importantly, before landing, the samara regains its original terminal descent velocity achieved in quiescent air.
Experimental investigation on cavitation and induced noise of two-dimensional hydrofoils with leading-edge protuberances
Authors: Simanto R. I. A. , Hong Ji-Woo , Kim Ki-Seong , Ahn Byoung-Kwon , Shin Suyong
Published: November 2022

The applicability of leading-edge protuberances as a passive flow control approach inspired by humpback whale flippers has attracted significant research attention in aquatic and aeronautic systems because of their influence on critical hydrodynamic and aerodynamic aspects. An experimental investigation is conducted in a cavitation tunnel under various flow conditions to determine the effectiveness of leading-edge protuberances in controlling the detrimental effects of cavitation and suppressing flow-induced noise. The experiments are carried out on four National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics airfoil 0012 hydrofoils at 7° attack angles and free stream velocities up to 10 m/s. One of the four hydrofoils is considered the baseline, while the other models have wavy leading-edge modifications with different sinusoidal protuberances. These geometry modifications are defined by the amplitudes (A) (2% and 4% of the mean chord length) and wavelengths (λ) (12.5% and 25% of the mean chord length) of the sinusoidal protuberances. Investigations of flow over hydrofoils from top and side views at various Reynolds numbers exhibit that cavitation first appears in the modified hydrofoils' troughs and is restricted to just behind the protuberance troughs for the entire cavitating flow range. These results contrast the baseline geometry, where cavitation inception occurs at the flat leading edge, and the sheet cavity expands spanwise with extensive cloud shedding. Image processing under certain conditions reveals that the protuberances reduce cavitation by 25%–60%. The analysis of the sound pressure level demonstrates that the leading-edge protuberances effectively decrease flow-induced noise at higher flow velocities when cavitation is the dominant noise source. Finally, the direct comparison of cavitating flow characteristics, quantitative cavitation measurements, and noise production analysis between the baseline and modified hydrofoils, and their comparison among the modified geometries, provides a significant reference for future modeling of potential applications employing this passive flow control technique.
Enhancement-mode β-Ga2O3 U-shaped gate trench vertical MOSFET realized by oxygen annealing
Authors: Zhou Xuanze , Ma Yongjian , Xu Guangwei , Liu Qi , Liu Jinyang , He Qiming , Zhao Xiaolong , Long Shibing
Published: November 2022

Vertical metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is essential to the future application of ultrawide bandgap β-Ga2O3. In this work, we demonstrated an enhancement-mode β-Ga2O3 U-shaped gate trench vertical metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor (UMOSFET) featuring a current blocking layer (CBL). The CBL was realized by high-temperature annealing under oxygen ambient, which provided electrical isolation between the source and drain electrodes. The CBL thicknesses of different annealing temperatures were derived from C–V measurements and the Fermi level position of the sample surfaces of different annealing temperature was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, indicating good process controllability. Furthermore, photoluminescence spectra were measured to study the effect of oxygen annealing. The fabricated UMOSFET showed normally off with a Vth of 11.5 V, an on-state resistance of 1.48 Ω cm2, a maximum on-state current of 11 A/cm2, an on–off ratio of 6 × 104, and a three-terminal breakdown voltage over 100 V. This work paves a way to form a CBL and broadens the design space for high-power β-Ga2O3 vertical transistors.
Vibrational relaxation of high levels of H2O by collisions with Ar as studied by infrared chemiluminescence
Authors: Butkovskaya N. I. , Setser D. W.
Published: November 2022

Vibrational relaxation of H2O(v2,v13) molecules by collisions with Ar was studied at 298 K (v2 denotes the bending vibrational mode and v13 denotes the sum of the symmetric, v1, and asymmetric, v3, vibrational modes). The H2O molecules from 14 different exothermic reactions of H-atom abstraction by OH radicals were observed by infrared emission from a fast flow reactor as a function of Ar pressure and reaction time. Numerical kinetic calculations were used to obtain rate constants for stretch-to-bend energy conversion, (v2,v13) → (v2 + 2,v13 − 1), and pure bend relaxation, (v2,v13) → (v2 − 1,v13). Rate constants for states up to v13 = 4 were based on the average values from all reactions. The rate constant for the (2,0) → (1,0) bending relaxation is in agreement with the published values from laser-induced fluorescent experiments; the rate constants for higher levels increase with v2. Our average rate constant for the (0,1) → (2,0) stretch-to-bend conversion is somewhat smaller but falls within the uncertainty limit of the published value. The average rate constants for the stretch-to-bend process for (01), (02), (03), and (04) stretching states are (4.3 ± 0.8) × 10−14, (7.7 ± 1.1) × 10−14, (14.3 ± 4.2) × 10−14, and (20.6 ± 6.2) × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively.
Connections between many-body perturbation and coupled-cluster theories
Authors: Quintero-Monsebaiz Raúl , Monino Enzo , Marie Antoine , Loos Pierre-François
Published: November 2022

Here, we build on the works of Scuseria et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 231101 (2008)] and Berkelbach [J. Chem. Phys. 149, 041103 (2018)] to show connections between the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) formalism combined with the GW approximation from many-body perturbation theory and coupled-cluster (CC) theory at the ground- and excited-state levels. In particular, we show how to recast the GW and Bethe–Salpeter equations as non-linear CC-like equations. Similitudes between BSE@GW and the similarity-transformed equation-of-motion CC method are also put forward. The present work allows us to easily transfer key developments and the general knowledge gathered in CC theory to many-body perturbation theory. In particular, it may provide a path for the computation of ground- and excited-state properties (such as nuclear gradients) within the GW and BSE frameworks.