bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperation by necessity: condition- and density-dependent reproductive tactics of female house mice
Authors: Ferrari Manuela , Lindholm Anna K. , Ozgul Arpat , Oli Madan K. , König Barbara
Published: April 2022

Optimal reproductive strategies evolve from the interplay between an individual’s intrinsic state and extrinsic environment, both factors that are rarely fixed over its lifetime. Conditional breeding tactics might be one evolutionary trajectory allowing individuals to maximize fitness. We apply multi-state capture-mark-recapture analysis to a detailed 8-year data set of free-ranging house mice in a growing population to discern causes and fitness consequences of two alternative reproductive tactics in females, communal and solitary breeding. This allows us to integrate natural variation in life-history traits when analysing the expression of two alternative reproductive tactics in females. We find that communal breeding reduces average population fitness, but nevertheless increases over our 8-year study period. The tactic proves to be expressed conditionally dependent on both population density and female body mass – allowing females to breed under subpar conditions, i.e. at high density or when of low body mass. Our results contradict previous laboratory studies and emphasize the importance of studying cooperation under natural conditions, including natural variation in state-dependent survival and breeding probabilities.
The intra-mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation system rapidly modulates OXPHOS function and ROS release in the heart
Authors: Dontaine Justine , Bouali Asma , Daussin Frederic , Bultot Laurent , Vertommen Didier , Martin Manon , Rathagirishnan Raahulan , Cuillerier Alexanne , Horman Sandrine , Beauloye Christophe , Gatto Laurent , Lauzier Benjamin , Bertrand Luc , Burelle Yan
Published: April 2022

Protein O-GlcNAcylation is increasingly recognized as an important cellular regulatory mechanism, in multiple organs including the heart. However, the mechanisms leading to O-GlcNAcylation in mitochondria and the consequences on their function remain poorly understood. In this study, we use an in vitro reconstitution assay to characterize the intra-mitochondrial O-GlcNAc system without potential cytoplasmic confounding effects. We compare the O-GlcNAcylome of isolated cardiac mitochondria with that of mitochondria acutely exposed to NButGT, a specific inhibitor of glycoside hydrolase. Amongst the 409 O-GlcNAcylated mitochondrial proteins identified, 191 display increased O-GlcNAcylation in response to NButGT. This is associated with enhanced Complex I (CI) activity, increased maximal respiration in presence of pyruvate-malate, and a striking reduction of mitochondrial ROS release, which could be related to O-GlcNAcylation of specific subunits of ETC complexes (CI, CIII) and TCA cycle enzymes. In conclusion, our work underlines the existence of a dynamic mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation system capable of rapidly modifying mitochondrial function.
Structure of type II collagen from sturgeon cartilage and its effect on adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats
Authors: Li Zhaoxia , Bai Xue , Fan Yan , Jia Qiannan , Zhang Hongwei , Hou Hu
Published: April 2022

SC-CII showed a triple-helix structure and alleviating effects on RA through the TLR4/MyD88-NFκB pathway.
Thermomorphological and mechanical properties of vulcanized octenyl succinate/terpenoid-derivatized corn starch composites
Authors: Lauer Moira K. , Tennyson Andrew G. , Smith Rhett C.
Published: April 2022

Successive modification of starch with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and plant-derived geraniol allows for a largely bio-derived starch derivative that can undergo facile reaction with elemental sulfur to generate sustainable composite materials.
Instability of Ga-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 toward metallic Li
Authors: Tsai Chih−Long , Thuy Tran Ngoc Thanh , Schierholz Roland , Liu Zigeng , Windmüller Anna , Lin Che-an , Xu Qi , Lu Xin , Yu Shicheng , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Lin Shih-kang , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: April 2022

Li6.4Ga0.2La3Zr2O12 can be reduced by Li, which results in Ga leaching out of the garnet structure to form the Li–Ga alloy. The penetrated alloy can short-circuit the battery when Ga-substituted LLZO is used as a solid electrolyte.
pH-Responsive hyaluronic acid-cloaked polycation/gold nanohybrids for tumor-targeted synergistic photothermal/gene therapy
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Dai Xiaoguang , Yu Bingran , Chen Meiwan , Zhao Nana , Xu Fu-Jian
Published: April 2022

The current work provides a facile strategy to construct multifunctional gene delivery systems with long circulation and tumor-targeting characteristics for effective tumor treatment.
Mercury pollution in China: implications on the implementation of the Minamata Convention
Authors: Feng Xinbin , Li Ping , Fu Xuewu , Wang Xun , Zhang Hua , Lin Che-Jen
Published: April 2022

This paper summarizes the atmospheric release of Hg, distribution of air Hg concentration, human exposure to MeHg and health impacts caused by Hg pollution in China.
Automatic optimization of temporal monitoring schemes dealing with daily water contaminant concentration patterns
Authors: Gabrielli M. , Trovò F. , Antonelli M.
Published: April 2022

Online algorithms have been developed to automatically adjust monitoring schemes to sample instants characterized by maximum and/or minimum daily concentrations while reducing sampling costs with respect to traditional monitoring schemes.
Evaluation of the effect of prebiotic sesame candies on loperamide-induced constipation in mice
Authors: Xia Pengkui , Liu Xia , Hou Tao , Zhan Fuchao , Geng Fang , Zhang Ziyang , Li Bin
Published: April 2022

Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract symptoms.
Resazurin-based high-throughput screening method for the discovery of dietary phytochemicals to target microbial transformation of l-carnitine into trimethylamine, a gut metabolite associated with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Simó Carolina , Fornari Tiziana , García-Risco Mónica R. , Peña-Cearra Ainize , Abecia Leticia , Anguita Juan , Rodríguez Héctor , García-Cañas Virginia
Published: April 2022

Dietary phytochemicals to target microbial transformation of l-carnitine into trimethylamine.
Electron density regulation of Pt–Co nanoalloys via P incorporation towards methanol electrooxidation
Authors: Yang Niuwa , Hu Zhenya , Song Jing , Lu Tingyu , Cui Penglei , Xu Lin , Liu Hui , Yang Jun
Published: April 2022

The incorporation of P into Pt–Co nanoalloys is used to regulate the electron density around Pt for high-efficiency methanol electrooxidation.
Vacancy-mediated transition metals as efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Yang Yingju , Liu Jing , Xiong Bo
Published: April 2022

Vacancy-mediated transition metals serve as promising bifunctional HER/OER electrocatalysts.
Phosphorothioate modification improves exon-skipping of antisense oligonucleotides based on sulfonyl phosphoramidates in mdx mouse myotubes
Authors: Su Yongdong , Raguraman Prithi , Veedu Rakesh N. , Filichev Vyacheslav V.
Published: April 2022

No exon-skipping with antisense oligos despite high thermal stability? Consider adding phosphorothioates (PS) into the sequence.
Precision polymer nanofibers with a responsive polyelectrolyte corona designed as a modular, functionalizable nanomedicine platform
Authors: Street Steven T. G. , He Yunxiang , Harniman Robert L. , Garcia-Hernandez Juan Diego , Manners Ian
Published: April 2022

Length-controlled polyelectrolyte nanofibers have been produced via Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly. The morphological effects on long-term stability, enzymatic biodegradability, and cellular toxicity have been studied.
Functional nanoporous materials from boronate-containing stimuli-responsive diblock copolymers
Authors: Bakangura Erigene , Fournier David , Coumes Fanny , Woisel Patrice , Grande Daniel , Le Droumaguet Benjamin
Published: April 2022

Functional nanoporous polymeric materials have been prepared from novel polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) diblock copolymer precursors containing a reversible boronate ester junction between both blocks.
Organocatalytic atroposelective N-alkylation: divergent synthesis of axially chiral sulfonamides and biaryl amino phenols
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Lu Yin-Jie , Tian Hong-Yu , Zhou Hai-Jie , Li Jia-Wei , Yao Yi-Ping , Ke Miao-Lin , Chen Fen-Er
Published: April 2022

A versatile organocatalytic atroposelective N-alkylation has been developed to access axially chiral sulfonamides bearing an allene and allyl entity, and biaryl amino phenols with high efficiency.
Electrochemical oxidative dearomatization of 2-arylthiophenes
Authors: Shi Zhaojiang , Lu Hao-Kuan , Li Nan , Yuan Yaofeng , Li Zhen , Ye Ke-Yin
Published: April 2022

A green and sustainable electrochemical oxidative dearomatization of 2-arylthiophenes has been developed toward the preparation of both C2/C3 and C2/C5 difunctionalized thiophenones.
Recent advances in the reactions of silacyclobutanes and their applications
Authors: Huang Jiapian , Liu Fei , Wu Xinyu , Chen Jian-Qiang , Wu Jie
Published: April 2022

This review summarizes the growing landscape in the reactions of silacyclobutanes (SCBs) by highlighting fascinating progress, deconstructing mechanistic underpinnings, and drawing insight from related ring-opening and expanding reactions of SCBs.
A copper-catalyzed B–H bond insertion reaction of azide–ynamide with borane adductsviaα-imino copper carbenes
Authors: Weng Chen-Yong , Zhu Guang-Yu , Zhu Bo-Han , Qian Peng-Cheng , Zhu Xin-Qi , Zhou Jin-Mei , Ye Long-Wu
Published: April 2022

A new copper-catalyzed B–H bond insertion into α-imino copper carbenes generated from azide–ynamide cyclization has been developed, leading to a facile and practical synthesis of a series of α-boryl amidines.
Synthesis, gene silencing activity, thermal stability, and serum stability of siRNA containing four (S)-5′-C-aminopropyl-2′-O-methylnucleosides (A, adenosine; U, uridine; G, guanosine; and C, cytidine)
Authors: Kajino Ryohei , Sakamoto Shuichi , Ueno Yoshihito
Published: April 2022

(S)-5′-C-Aminopropyl-2′-O-methylnucleosides would be useful for improving the serum stability of therapeutic siRNA molecules without affecting their RNAi activities.
A comprehensive review on the decontamination of lead(ii) from water and wastewater by low-cost biosorbents
Authors: Bayuo Jonas , Rwiza Mwemezi , Mtei Kelvin
Published: April 2022

Biosorbents are found promising for the detoxification of water contaminants. This comprehensive review indicates that these biosorbents are more efficient and cost-effective for the purification of water and wastewater containing lead(ii) ions.
Asymmetrically bridged aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal-based multichromophores with aggregation-induced tunable emission
Authors: Biesen Lukas , Krenzer Julius , Nirmalananthan-Budau Nithiya , Resch-Genger Ute , Müller Thomas J. J.
Published: April 2022

A library of 23 asymmetrically linked aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal solid-state emissive multichromophores accessed by one-pot multicomponent reactions exhibits AIE- and AIEE-active behavior as well as dual emission and potential energy transfer.
Heterometallic nanomaterials: activity modulation, sensing, imaging and therapy
Authors: Li Shan-Shan , Wang Ai-Jun , Yuan Pei-Xin , Mei Li-Ping , Zhang Lu , Feng Jiu-Ju
Published: April 2022

Heterometallic nanomaterials display wide applications in the fields of catalysis, sensing, imaging and therapy due to synergistic effects between the multi-metals.
Variable control of the electronic states of a silver nanocluster via protonation/deprotonation of polyoxometalate ligands
Authors: Yonesato Kentaro , Yamazoe Seiji , Kikkawa Soichi , Yokogawa Daisuke , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Suzuki Kosuke
Published: April 2022

The electronic states of Ag nanoclusters were reversibly controlled driven by protonation/deprotonation of polyoxometalate ligands.
Aggregation or phase separation can be induced in highly charged proteins by small charged biomolecules
Authors: Kang Minchae , Kim Minsoo , Kim Min Wook , Shin Yewon , Yoo Jejoong , Lee Sang Hak
Published: April 2022

Protein phase separation in biological systems has captured the attention of scientists in the last decade; however, the main mechanism underlying protein phase separation in cells remains unclear.
Rational design of microporous polybenzimidazole framework for efficient proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Harilal  , Bhattacharyya Rama , Shukla Avanish , Chandra Ghosh Prakash , Jana Tushar
Published: April 2022

Ion-conducting membranes from three-dimensional iptycene-based polybenzimidazoles developed for the first time to fabricate efficient proton exchange membranes with ordered nanochannels, enabling ultrafast and stable anhydrous proton conduction.
Mechanistic insights into the pseudocapacitive performance of bronze-type vanadium dioxide with mono/multi-valent cations intercalation
Authors: Zeng Ying , Hu Jian , Yang Jiaofeng , Tang Pei , Fu Qingfeng , Zhou Wang , Peng Yufan , Xiao Peitao , Chen Shi , Guo Kunkun , Gao Peng , Dong Hongliang , Liu Jilei
Published: April 2022

Mechanistic understanding of mono/multi-valent cations' behaviors upon intercalation into solvothermally prepared VO2(B), which enables rational design of layered oxides with excellent charge storage performance.
A Mn single atom catalyst with Mn–N2O2 sites integrated into carbon nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Dong Wenfei , Zhang Nan , Li Sanxiu , Min Shixiong , Peng Juan , Liu Wanyi , Zhan Dongping , Bai Hongcun
Published: April 2022

The presence of dual N, O- coordinated to the Mn single-atom catalyst with Mn–N2O2 sites embedded in the 2D carbon nanosheets significantly improve catalytic activity for reduction of CO2.
Case study: Biochemistry without borders: a case study utilising infographics
Authors: Sahai Michelle A. , Ivanova Anna
Published: April 2022

The present paper addresses a case study on the implementation of an online learning exercise utilising infographics in undergraduate Biochemistry and General Chemistry courses at the University of Roehampton (UoR) and Hostos Community College (HCC) of the City University of New York (CUNY). Students at UoR were asked to create infographics on topics related to the four major classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, and these infographics were shared with HCC students in an active learning exercise which incorporated peer evaluation and feedback. We highlight the various teaching and learning strategies, as well as the challenges related to the implementation of digital tools, in the educational process during the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain student engagement and active learning. Student feedback revealed positive learning gains on biochemistry concepts related to the four biomolecules. The exercise was viewed favourably by students, with learners indicating the acquisition of digital skills to effectively represent and visualise their understanding of biochemical concepts and explain these processes to peers.
Number of targets detection method with FCM‐based granulation–degranulation mechanism
Authors: Sha Minghui , Xu Kaijie , Mao Erke , Xing Mengdao
Published: April 2022

In this letter, the authors elaborate on a novel method to detect the number of targets in low SNR and small snapshots through using the Fuzzy C‐Means clustering based granulation‐degranulation mechanism. In the developed scheme, the eigenvalues of the array output correlation matrix are regarded as a time series, and granulated into a pair of ordered information granules. The information about the number of targets is included in the information granules. Subsequently, the degranulation mechanism is used to modify the cost function of the granulation mechanism to improve the quality of the information granules, which can increase the detection accuracy of the number of targets. Finally, the number of targets is determined by the prototype matrix and partition matrix generated by the enhanced version of the granulation. Explicit analysis and derivation of the proposed scheme are presented.
Attack and defence methods in cyber‐physical power system
Authors: Yang Ting , Liu Yuzhe , Li Wei
Published: April 2022

With the development of digitalisation and intelligence, the power system has been upgraded from the traditional single energy transmission and conversion system to a complex cyber‐physical power system (CPPS) with tightly coupled energy and information flows. The cyber‐physical power system achieves the controllability and observability of the power system through ubiquitous sensing technology, advanced measurement technology, and powerful information processing technology. However, the large number of intelligent electronic device accesses and frequent information interactions in CPPS make it more vulnerable and susceptible to be attacked than any previous single structured system. Viruses and intrusions can attack the CPPS through the cyber subsystem, which in turn can deal a fatal blow to the energy supply physical system. Because of the above problems, malicious attacks against CPPS have been occurring in recent years and have generated a great deal of scholarly attention. This paper precisely focusses on this problem, by profiling the structure of CPPS and the potential threats, conducting an in‐depth analysis of CPPS attack modes from the cyber and physical subsystems, and summarising the three‐level security defence methods for CPPS in detail. Finally, the future technological development prospects of CPPS security research are explicitly addressed, which will provide technical support for building reliable, safe, and robust energy systems.
A deep grouping fusion neural network for multimedia content understanding
Authors: Song Lingyun , Yu Mengzhen , Shang Xuequn , Lu Yu , Liu Jun , Zhang Ying , Li Zhanhuai
Published: April 2022

How Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) best cope with the understanding of multimedia contents still remains an open problem, mainly due to two factors. First, conventional DNNs cannot effectively learn the representations of the images with sparse visual information. For example, the images describing knowledge concepts in textbooks. Second, existing DNNs cannot effectively capture the fine‐grained interactions between the images and text descriptions. To address these issues, we propose a deep Cross‐Media Grouping Fusion Network (CMGFN), which mainly has two distinctive properties: 1) CMGFN can effectively learn visual features from the images with sparse visual information. This is achieved by first progressively adjusting the attention of convolution filters to valuable visual regions, and then enhancing the use of key visual information in feature construction. 2) By a cross‐media grouping co‐attention mechanism, CMGFN can effectively use the interactions between visual features of different semantics and textual descriptions, to learn cross‐media features representing different fine‐grained semantics in different groups. Empirical studies demonstrate that CMGFN not only achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on the multimedia documents containing sparse visual information, but also shows superior general applicability on other multimedia data, e.g., the multimedia fake news.
Quantifying the performance and optimizing the placement of roadside sensors for cooperative vehicle‐infrastructure systems
Authors: Du Yuchuan , Wang Fengqi , Zhao Cong , Zhu Yifan , Ji Yuxiong
Published: April 2022

A cooperative vehicle‐infrastructure system (CVIS) can provide perception information beyond the visual range for autonomous vehicles via roadside directional sensors, such as cameras, millimeter‐wave radar, and lidar. The performance of roadside perception strongly depends on sensor placement, where physical occlusion between vehicles is inevitable. This paper proposes an occlusion degree model (ODM) to describe the dynamic occlusion between sensors, obstacles, and targets in a three‐dimensional space. The ODM is then integrated with microscopic traffic simulation to study the impacts of traffic density, vehicle model composition, and sensor configurations on vehicle detection and tracking performances. Based on the simulation, a multifactor regression model with a logistic growth curve is established to quantify the performance of roadside sensors with different factors, where the evaluation metrics are rigorously designed. Finally, an optimization model of roadside sensor placement with non‐linear constraints is formulated to reduce the construction cost under a coverage constraint and improve the perception accuracy within budget limitations. A case study of a highway scenario shows that the performance of the proposed approach improves by 5.63%, 6.55%, and 8.01%, respectively, under the worst possible condition with accuracy requirements of 0.97, 0.96, and 0.95 compared with the conventional placement scheme. The study provides a map of the performance of roadside perception with different influencing factors and guides the optimal roadside sensor placement for a CVIS.
Review of the designs in low inductance SiC half‐bridge packaging
Authors: Ma Haohao , Yang Yuan , Wu Lei , Wen Yang , Li Qiang
Published: April 2022

Silicon carbide (SiC) device has become the primary choice for high‐efficiency power electronic equipment due to its excellent performance. However, its higher switching frequency and faster switching speed have also incurred new challenges, such as low parasitic inductance packaging. Despite a significant amount of literature to overview the low parasitic inductance packages, most of them focus on total parasitic inductance from different packaging technology. Here, from the viewpoint of partial inductance which includes gate loop, power loop and common source, the designs for different inductances are surveyed. The power loop is further discussed from power terminals, bonding wires and direct bonded copper (DBC) conductor traces. The effects and sources of these inductances are analyzed. Furthermore, the typical design solutions to reduce the inductances are summarized. Finally, the challenges of SiC packages are presented.
Low elevation and range joint estimation method with metre wave frequency diverse array‐multiple input multiple output radar based on sparse array
Authors: Wang Hongzhen , Zheng Guimei , Liu Yibin , Song Yuwei
Published: April 2022

Frequency diverse array‐multiple input multiple output (FDA‐MIMO) radar not only has the advantage of waveform diversity but also can realise azimuth‐range correlation map, so it can realise high precision azimuth‐range joint estimation and has the ability to distinguish different range unit targets in the same azimuth. However, the existing research mainly adopts uniform linear array (ULA) model and mainly focusses on incoherent targets. At present, the elevation‐range joint estimation algorithm of metre wave FDA‐MIMO radar based on ULA has the problems of sharp decline in angle‐range measurement accuracy of ultra‐low altitude targets and large fluctuation of elevation‐range measurement accuracy with changing elevation. In order to solve the above difficult problems, starting from the perspective of reducing the influence of multipath effect by array structure, this paper innovatively combines sparse array with FDA‐MIMO radar, establishes the low elevation‐range joint estimation model of metre wave FDA‐MIMO radar based on sparse array, and puts forward the low elevation‐range joint estimation method suitable for this model, and it fills the gap of low elevation‐range measurement method based on sparse array metre wave FDA‐MIMO radar. Simulation experiments compare two typical sparse arrays with ULA of equal array elements, which verify the superiority of low elevation‐range measurement performance of monostatic metre wave FDA‐MIMO radar based on sparse array and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars
Authors: Dsilva K. , Shenar T. , Sana H. , Marchant P.
Published: April 2022

Context. Most massive stars reside in multiple systems that will interact over the course of their lifetime. This has important consequences on their future evolution and their end-of-life products. Classical Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars represent the final end stages of stellar evolution at the upper-mass end. While their observed multiplicity fraction is reported to be ∼0.4 in the Galaxy, their intrinsic multiplicity properties and the distributions of their orbital parameters remain insufficiently constrained to provide a reliable anchor to compare to evolutionary predictions.

Aims. As part of a homogeneous, magnitude-limited (V ≤ 12) spectroscopic survey of northern Galactic WR stars, this paper aims to establish the observed and intrinsic multiplicity properties of the early-type nitrogen-rich WR population (WNE), including estimates of the multiplicity fraction and the shape of their orbital period distribution. Additionally, we compare these with the properties of the carbon-rich WR population (WC) stars obtained in the first paper of this series.

Methods. We obtained high-resolution spectroscopic time series of the complete magnitude-limited sample of 16 WNE stars observable with the 1.2 m Mercator telescope at La Palma, typically providing a time base of about two to eight years. We measured relative radial velocities (RVs) using cross-correlation and used RV variations to flag binary candidates. Using an updated Monte Carlo method with a Bayesian framework, we calculated the three-dimensional likelihood for the intrinsic binary fraction (fintWNE), the maximum period (log Pmax), and the power-law index for the period distribution (π) for the WNE population with Pmin fixed at 1 d. We also used this updated method to re-derive multiplicity parameters for the Galactic WC population.

Results. Adopting a peak-to-peak RV variability threshold of 50 km s−1 as a criterion, we classify 7 of the 16 targets as binaries. This results in an observed multiplicity fraction (fobsWNE) of 0.44 ± 0.12. Assuming flat priors, we derive the best-fit multiplicity properties fintWNE = 0.56−0.15+0.20, log Pmax = 4.60−0.77+0.40, and π = −0.30−0.53+0.55 for the parent WNE population. We explored different mass-ratio distributions and note that they did not change our results significantly. For the Galactic WC population from Paper I, we re-derive fintWC = 0.96−0.22+0.04, log Pmin = 0.75−0.60+0.26, log Pmax = 4.00−0.34+0.42, and π = 1.90−1.25+1.26.

Conclusions. The derived multiplicity parameters for the WNE population are quite similar to those derived for main-sequence O binaries but differ from those of the WC population. The significant shift in the WC period distribution towards longer periods is too large to be explained via expansion of the orbit due to stellar winds, and we discuss possible implications of our results. Analysis of the WNL population and further investigation of various evolutionary scenarios is required to connect the different evolutionary phases of stars at the upper-mass end.
Improving INTEGRAL/SPI data analysis of GRBs
Authors: Biltzinger Björn , Greiner Jochen , Burgess J. Michael , Siegert Thomas
Published: April 2022

The spectrometer on the international gamma-ray astrophysics laboratory (INTEGRAL/SPI) is a coded mask instrument observing since 2002 in the keV to MeV energy range, which covers the peak of the νFν spectrum of most gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Since its launch in 2008, the gamma-ray burst monitor (GBM) on board the Fermi satellite has been the primary instrument for analysing GRBs in the energy range between ≈10 keV and ≈10 MeV. Here, we show that the spectrometer on board INTEGRAL, named ‘SPI’, which covers a similar energy range, can give equivalently constraining results for some parameters if we use an advanced analysis method. Also, combining the data of both instruments reduces the allowed parameter space in spectral fits. The main advantage of SPI over GBM is the energy resolution of ≈0.2% at 1.3 MeV compared to ≈10% for GBM. Therefore, SPI is an ideal instrument for precisely measuring the curvature of the spectrum. This is important, as it has been shown in recent years that physical models rather than heuristic functions should be fit to GRB data to obtain better insights into their still unknown emission mechanism, and the curvature of the peak is unique to the different physical models. To fit physical models to SPI GRB data and get the maximal amount of information from the data, we developed new open-source analysis software, PySPI. We apply these new techniques to GRB 120711A in order to validate and showcase the capabilities of this software. We show that PySPI improves the analysis of SPI GRB data compared to the INTEGRAL off-line scientific analysis software (OSA). In addition, we demonstrate that the GBM and the SPI data for this particular GRB can be fitted well with a physical synchrotron model. This demonstrates that SPI can play an important role in GRB spectral model fitting.
Study of architectural forms of invasive carcinoma based on the measurement of pattern complexity
Authors: Bratsun Dmitry , Krasnyakov Ivan
Published: April 2022

Several years ago, a new paradigm of cancer perception emerged, considering a tumor not as a senseless heap of cells but as a self-organizing heterogeneous tissue of cancer cells that collectively fight for survival. It implies that the various architectural forms that a tumor takes during its growth are not occasional but are a synergistic response of a group of cancer cells in competition for the organism’s resources. In this work, we generate various patterns of a two-dimensional tumor using our previously developed individual-based model mimicking carcinoma features. Every cell is represented by a polygon dynamically changing its form and size. The dynamics of tissue are governed by the elastic potential energy. We numerically obtain various patterns of carcinoma and estimate empirical spatial entropy and complexity measures applying the approach based on the fast finite shearlet transform. We show how the complexity of growing carcinoma changes over time and depending on the values of the cell intercalation parameters. In each case, we give a rational explanation of why this form is beneficial to the tumor. Our results show that one can use complexity measurements for quantitative classification of tumors obtainedin silico, which potentially could find its application in medical practice.
Neue Therapien akuter und chronischer Beckenvenenobstruktionen
Authors: Lichtenberg Michael
Published: April 2022

Die Inzidenz der tiefen Venenthrombose (TVT) beträgt in Westeuropa 1/1000 Einwohner pro Jahr. Je nach Lokalisation und Ausdehnung der TVT entwickeln 20–83% der Patienten ein
postthrombotisches Syndrom trotz einer optimalen Antikoagulation und Kompressionstherapie. Endovaskuläre Thrombektomieverfahren mit Wiedereröffnung der iliofemoralen venösen Strombahn haben
das Ziel, mittel- und langfristig ein postthrombotisches Syndrom zu vermeiden. Bei Patienten mit chronischen V.-cava- und Beckenvenenverschlüssen stehen heutzutage spezielle
Rekanalisationstechniken mit Einsatz von speziellen venösen Stents zur Verfügung.
Endovaskuläre Behandlung der Unterschenkel-PAVK bei kritischer
Ischämie und diabetischem Fußsyndrom
Authors: Schmidt Andrej , Scheinert Dierk
Published: April 2022

Die kritische Ischämie der unteren Extremität aufgrund einer PAVK, bei der häufig
eine Mitbeteiligung der Unterschenkelarterien besteht, ist ohne
Revaskularisation mit einer schlechten Prognose vergesellschaftet. Für Patienten
mit diabetischem Fußsyndrom trifft dies in besonderem Maße zu. Auch finden sich
bei diesen Patienten nicht selten PAVK-Läsionen ausschließlich infrapopliteal.
Die endovaskuläre Rekanalisation wird in diesem Bereich zunehmend als Therapie
der ersten Wahl betrachtet. Der retrograde Zugang, spezielle Ballontechniken
sowie Atherektomiesysteme haben die technischen Erfolgsraten verbessern können.
Drug-eluting Stents und neue Drug-coated Ballons führen zu einer Verbesserung
der Offenheitsrate. Bei schwerer distaler PAVK ist allerdings eine
Revaskularisation häufig nicht möglich. Bei diesen sogenannten
„no-option“-Patienten könnte eventuell die Arterialisierung des tiefen
Venensystems in der Zukunft eine Rolle spielen.
Bedürfnisse onkologisch erkrankter Kinder: Psychometrische Überprüfung des Erhebungsinstruments „KiWuF-PädOnk“ und erste Ergebnisse
Authors: Böcherer Sarah Magdalena , Burger Thorsten , Schepper Florian , Farin-Glattacker Erik
Published: April 2022

In der vorliegenden Querschnittstudie wurde ein neu konzipierter Bedürfnisfragebogen für 8- bis 13-jährige Krebspatienten psychometrisch überprüft (N=117). Auf der Grundlage einer explorativen Faktorenanalyse wurden 4 Skalen mit insgesamt 19 Items gebildet. Die interne Konsistenz des Fragebogens ist zufriedenstellend. Die Teilnehmenden äußerten ein starkes Bedürfnis nach sozialer Teilhabe, Sicherheit und Kontrollerleben sowie nach Normalität. Der KiWuF-PädOnk liefert Informationen zu Bedürfnissen aus Patientensicht und fördert somit eine individuumszentrierte psychosoziale Versorgung.
Das „Geburtsrad“ – Gravidarien zur
Bestimmung des Geburtstermins
Authors: David Matthias , Ebert Andreas D.
Published: April 2022

„Um eine annähernd zutreffende Berechnung der Schwangerschaft zu
ermöglichen, rechnet man seit jeher vom ersten Tage der letzten
Menstruation an 280 Tage, das sind zehn Monate zu 28 Tagen; um den Tag der
Geburt jedoch annähernd zu treffen, werden drei Monate vom ersten
Menstruationstage zurückgerechnet, ein Jahr und noch sieben Tage
zugezählt. Der siebente Tag pflegt dann gewöhnlich der Tag der
Geburt zu sein. […] Wir bringen in folgendem einen
Schwangerschaftskalender, der es jeder Frau, die den ersten Tag ihrer letzten
Menstruation kennt, sehr erleichtert, den Tag der bevorstehenden Entbindung
festzustellen…“ 1. Die
Abb. 1 zeigt diesen im damaligen Bestseller
von Anna Fischer-Dückelmann „Die Frau als Hausärztin. Ein
ärztliches Nachschlagebuch“ 1919 abgebildeten tabellarischen
Kalender (Abb. 1).
Update Aortenerkrankungen
Authors: Nikol Sigrid , Nikol Laetitia
Published: April 2022

Die vorliegende Arbeit berichtet über die neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse im Zusammenhang mit Aortenaneurysmen und -dissektionen. Schwerpunkt hierbei sind die Pathophysiologie und
Genetik, der Einfluss von Fluorochinolonen auf Aortenaneurysmen und -dissektionen sowie Marker der Aortitis. Ferner werden die wichtigsten aktuellen Leitlinienempfehlungen aus den Jahren
2017 bis 2020 zusammengefasst – der Fokus liegt hierbei auf dem Screening, der Diagnostik, den Grenzwerten für die Therapieindikationen, der Art und den technischen Details der Behandlung
sowie Nachsorge von Aneurysmen der Aorta ascendens, des Aortenbogens, der Aorta descendens und abdominalis, Penetrating aortic Ulcers, bei genetisch bedingten Bindegewebserkrankungen mit
Aortenbeteiligungen, Aortitis und mykotischen Aneurysmen.
Vegane Ernährung bei Dialysepatienten
Authors: Kram Lorena
Published: April 2022

Wichtige Eckpunkte der Ernährung bei Dialysepatienten sind die Trinkmenge, der Kaliumgehalt, Phosphatgehalt, Natriumgehalt und Eiweißgehalt. Daraus ergeben sich Konfliktpunkte zwischen den Ernährungsanforderungen von Dialysepatienten und dem Veganismus. Anhand eines fiktiven Fallbeispiels wird untersucht, ob es für einen Dialysepatienten theoretisch möglich ist, sich vegan zu ernähren. Es wird hierfür eine fiktive Patientin beschrieben, die einen Ernährungsplan für eine Woche von einer Ernährungsfachkraft bekommt. Anhand dieses Ernährungsplans werden für jeden Tag die Inhaltsstoffe Kalium, Phosphat und Eiweiß der Gerichte berechnet. Beispielhaft befinden sich die errechneten Werte von 3 Rezepten in Tabellen. Es wird darauf aufmerksam gemacht, welche komplexe und aufwendige Beratung Dialysepatienten benötigen und auf welche Punkte besonders geachtet werden muss bzw. welche Tipps und Tricks Dialysepatienten mit auf den Weg gegeben werden können. Die Frage, ob es möglich ist, dass sich Dialysepatienten vegan ernähren können, kann mit einem „Ja“ beantwortet werden. Es wird aber auch darauf hingewiesen, dass die Ernährung immer unter Aufsicht eines Arztes und noch besser mit einem breit aufgestellten Team aus Nephrologen, Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegern und Ernährungsfachkräften umgestellt werden sollte. Die medizinische Überwachung und eine umfassende Ernährungsberatung sind unabdingbar. Es werden alle Gefahren aufgeführt, die bei Dialysepatienten auftreten können, wenn sie sich vegan ernähren.
Burnout oder Depression? – Erfahrungen aus der
Burnout-Sprechstunde in der Hochschulambulanz
Authors: Karl Marlene , Weidner Kerstin , Croy Ilona
Published: April 2022

Ziel Mit steigender Präsenz der Burnout-Symptomatik im klinischen
und gesellschaftlichen Alltag ist es notwendig, Patient*innen mit
Symptomen eines Burnouts diagnostisch zu differenzieren und ihre jeweiligen
Symptome im Spektrum der psychischen Störungen zu verorten.

Methodik Patient*innen (N=83), die sich in der
Burnout-Sprechstunde der psychosomatischen Hochschulambulanz vorstellten, wurden
differenziert mit einem strukturierten klinischen Interview (SKID) und einer
umfangreichen Fragebogendiagnostik (PHQ-D; MBI, BMI) ergänzend zum
klinischen Gespräch untersucht.

Ergebnisse Der klinische Eindruck führt bei 35% der
Patient*innen zu einer Burnout-Diagnose, wobei von diesen
Patient*innen bei 1/3 keine SKID-Diagnose vergeben werden
konnte. Ein Großteil der gesamten Stichprobe litt jedoch entsprechend
diagnostischer Kriterien unter psychischen Störungen, wobei depressive
Störungen am häufigsten nachzuweisen waren.
Patient*innen mit ausschließlichem Burnout unterschieden sich
dabei nur geringfügig von Patient*innen mit depressiven
Störungen. So zeigten sie tendenziell geringere Werte in der
Fragebogendiagnostik mit geringeren Gesamtwerten im MBI und signifikante
Unterschiede in der Skala der psychischen und physischen Belastungssymptome
(p=0,031) und des Boreouts (p=0,037). Zudem berichteten
Patient*innen mit der Diagnose Burnout signifikant weniger von
früheren behandlungsbedürftigen psychischen Störungen
(p=0,017).

Diskussion Die bisherigen standardisierten Diagnoseinstrumente
können weniger gut zwischen Burnout und depressiven Störungen
differenzieren. Die vorliegende Untersuchung unterstütz die Hypothese,
dass Burnout und Depression Teil desselben Spektrums an Symptomen sind, wobei
Patient*innen mit Burnout weniger belastet sind als
Patient*innen mit depressiven Störungen.

Schlussfolgerung Es zeigt sich eine hohe Überlappung zwischen
Depressionen und Burnout-Symptomatik, was die Differenzierung im klinischen
Alltag erschwert und eine sorgfältige Diagnostik fordert.
Primärtherapie der Claudicatio intermittens – Anspruch und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Süss Jan David , Gawenda Michael
Published: April 2022

Die narrative Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Studienlage zum Thema Gehtraining bei Patienten mit Claudicatio intermittens (CI) zusammen. Eindringlich wird auf die evidenzbasierten
Leitlinienempfehlungen und die dahinterstehenden Studien eingegangen. Aspekte zum angiomorphologischen Befund, zu Patientenadhärenz, Langzeitwirkung, Studienqualität und ihre
Vergleichbarkeit werden diskutiert. Der Problematik in der Versorgungsrealität mit Abweichungen von den Leitlinien und der oftmals invasiven Erstlinientherapie des PAVK-IIb-Patienten werden
besondere Bedeutung geschenkt. Dabei wird die Rolle des Rehasports und die gesundheitspolititsche Bedeutung von Gehtraining in Deutschland erörtert. Gründe für die fehlende Leitlinientreue
und deren Umsetzung im Gesundheitssystem werden analysiert. Dementsprechend werden Handlungsempfehlungen, in Anlehnung an internationale Erfahrungen (Niederlande, Dänemark), zur Besserung
der Situation in Deutschland formuliert.
Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege 2022
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: April 2022

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2022 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm
Authors: Bundschu Marion
Published: April 2022

Informationen zu den Veranstaltungen finden Sie auf www.wbs-ulm.de.
Synthesis of Sulfonyl Halides from Disulfides or Thiols Using Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) Crystals
Authors: Kirihara Masayuki , Kimura Yoshikazu , Yamahara Sho , Okada Tomohide , Matsumuro Hiroaki , Kinoshita Yukari , Kitajima Atsuhito , Takamura Yuya , Odagiri Tatsuya , Asawa Tomotake , Sugiyama Yukihiro
Published: April 2022

Synthesis of sulfonyl halides using sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) crystals was studied in detail, considering the reaction rate and yield of the desired product. NaOCl·5H2O reacted with disulfides or thiols in acetic acid to produce sulfonyl chlorides. The yields of the desired sulfonyl chlorides were enhanced when the reaction was performed in (trifluoromethyl)benzene under a CO2 atmosphere. The generation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was essential for both reactions. Similarly, sulfonyl bromides were prepared via the reaction of disulfides or thiols with sodium bromide and NaOCl·5H2O crystals in acetic acid owing to the generation of hypobromous acid (HOBr). However, the reaction could not proceed in (trifluoromethyl)benzene under a CO2 atmosphere because bromine was produced instead of HOBr.
Effect of Age on Interaural Asymmetry of Event-Related Potentials in a Dichotic Listening Task
Authors: Jerger James , Moncrieff Deborah , Greenwald Ralf , Wambacq Ilse , Seipel Amanda
Published: April 2022

Three groups of subjects, children, young adults, and elderly persons with presbyacusis, were tested in a directed attention, quasidichotic paradigm in which continuous speech was monitored for syntactically and/or semantically anomalous words. The task evoked an event-related potential (ERP) characterized by a positive peak in the latency region of 600 to 1000 msec. ERPs were separately averaged for target-word-right and target-word-left conditions. Amplitude and latency measures at the peak of the global field power waveform were calculated. Amplitude was significantly larger in children than in either adult group. In children and young adults, both amplitude and latency measures were equivalent for target-right and target-left conditions, but in elderly persons, latency was significantly greater in the target-left than in the target-right condition. Topographic maps of amplitude at the peak of the ERP waveform showed maximal positivity symmetrically distributed around the midline centroparietal area in both right-attended and left-attended conditions. In elderly persons, however, maximal positivity in the left-attended condition was significantly delayed relative to maximal positivity in the right-attended condition. Results are consistent with previous findings of interaural asymmetry in a dichotic listening task in elderly persons.

Abbreviations: ERP = event-related potential, GFP = global field power, VEOG = vertical electro-ocular activity
Bridging global health actors and agendas: the role of national public health institutes
Authors: Myhre Sonja , Habtemariam Mahlet Kifle , Heymann David L. , Ottersen Trygve , Stoltenberg Camilla , Ventura Deisy de Freitas Lima , Vikum Eirik F. , Bergh Anne
Published: April 2022

Global health crises require coordination and collaboration among actors and global health agendas including health security, health promotion, and universal health coverage. This study investigated whether national public health institutes (NPHIs) unify agendas and actors, how this can be achieved, and what factors contribute to success. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 public health leaders from 18 countries in six WHO regions between 2019 and 2020. Respondents described how NPHIs bridge agendas reporting five strategies that institutes employ: serving as a trusted scientific advisor; convening actors across and within sectors; prioritizing transdisciplinary approaches; integrating public health infrastructures, and training that builds public health capacity. Findings also revealed five enabling factors critical to success: a strong legal foundation; scientific independence; public trust and legitimacy; networks and partnerships at global, national, and local levels; and stable funding. The Covid-19 pandemic underscores the urgency of securing scientific independence and promoting national institutes’ responsiveness to public health challenges.
Engrained with modernity: commodification, medicalisation, and cross-border medical travel for health care in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Kapil Babu
Published: April 2022

Biomedicine was introduced in Nepal by Christian Missionaries en route to Tibet and China. When Nepal entered the democratic era in the early 60s, a considerable influx of biomedicine was brought into Nepal by the modernizing state as part of the promise of national development. After the 60s, biomedicine expanded in Nepal mainly through private sector involvement. This had consequences in the health-care domain in Nepal including the commodification of health-care services and increasing medicalization. The practice and expansion of biomedicine is also closely associated with its social and cultural mediation. This article focuses to examine how the macro process of health development shaped the medical practices, especially the healing trajectories and cross-border medical travel of Maithili Brahmin women from Nepal’s Tarai. This article shows that the three prominent avenues of health-care services, namely, medicalization, commodification, and cross-border medical travel predominant in the study area, are thriving and intertwined in such a way that they are reciprocally strengthening each other. This article is based on primary ethnographic data generated from field research conducted in a social cluster among the women from Nepal’s Tarai.
Conformation impact in the deformation of DNA TATA-box
Authors: Kanevska P. P. , Volkov S. N.
Published: April 2022

The ability to undergo specific deformation in response to conformational changes of some sites of the macromolecule is the key element of DNA genetic activity regulation in biological cells. The deformation of the definite sequences in DNA chain provides an accurate reading of genetic information and the process of protein synthesis passing. The model based on the analysis of conformational changes of the TATA nucleotide sequence in DNA double helix is developed. In addition to elastic components (bending, twisting), the presented model includes the conformational rearrangements of the TATA-box. Obtained form, value, and energy of DNA cite deformation allow to offer the probable mechanism of recognition of key DNA sequences and makes it possible to explain the high accuracy of the processes of reproducing of genetic information in biological cells. The formulated physical mechanism of DNA deformation can be one of the main principles of genetic information realization.
Triggering star formation: Experimental compression of a foam ball induced by Taylor–Sedov blast waves
Authors: Albertazzi B. , Mabey P. , Michel Th. , Rigon G. , Marquès J. R. , Pikuz S. , Ryazantsev S. , Falize E. , Van Box Som L. , Meinecke J. , Ozaki N. , Gregori G. , Koenig M.
Published: April 2022

The interaction between a molecular cloud and an external agent (e.g., a supernova remnant, plasma jet, radiation, or another cloud) is a common phenomenon throughout the Universe and can significantly change the star formation rate within a galaxy. This process leads to fragmentation of the cloud and to its subsequent compression and can, eventually, initiate the gravitational collapse of a stable molecular cloud. It is, however, difficult to study such systems in detail using conventional techniques (numerical simulations and astronomical observations), since complex interactions of flows occur. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the compression of a foam ball by Taylor–Sedov blast waves, as an analog of supernova remnants interacting with a molecular cloud. The formation of a compression wave is observed in the foam ball, indicating the importance of such experiments for understanding how star formation is triggered by external agents.