bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Varieties of us: a case study in boundary and landscape in Aotearoa
Authors: Woodruffe Paul , Henderson Ian
Published: October 2011

This project is a case study in the use of collaborative multi-disciplinary methodology to explore the nature of boundary within a suburban coastal site in New Zealand. The chosen site includes historic Maori settlement, private residences and public parkland. The concept of land ownership
in New Zealand, especially the contrasting cultural attitudes of the indigenous people the Maori, and the European colonisers regarding territorial claim is frequently discussed, and there is a constant challenging of normative postcolonial concepts of ownership and boundary. The objective
of this project was to contribute to and extend this discourse on ownership and occupation. This was undertaken by using a study of public/private boundary conditions through a series of paintings and drawings sourced from the observations and experiences of multiple site visits. The images
are supported and placed into context by mapping, photography and publication design and through this process four categories of boundary type were identified within the site. The results of the study demonstrate a capability for art to not only challenge existing notions of land demarcation
and categorization, but to also identify varieties of approach to the concept of boundary. The methodology was also found to be useful in revealing the subtle cues and possibilities that exist for design within everyday experiences of privacy, ownership and occupation within a landscape. The
relevance of the study's conclusions is to the role of fine art in conducting site analysis of disputed and/or neglected sites, and in challenging normative approaches to mapping and boundary design analysis regarding public and private space.
Beyond craft and art: A pedagogical model for craft as self-expression
Authors: Pöllänen Sinikka Hannele
Published: October 2011

Craft as a school subject faces new challenges as the array of learning objectives widens and the traditional distinctions between craft and art begins to blur. In an effort to redefine the subject of craft, teachers can strengthen the relevance and meaningfulness of craft education
by contextualizing craft with different kinds of pedagogical models. This article focuses on a pedagogical model that combines craft and art education. This kind of approach includes not only the production of crafted items, but also the demonstration of one’s skills, knowledge, thoughts,
experiences, perceptions and emotions – tasks traditionally reserved for artistic expression. At the core of the learning task is the personal and active processing of a mental image or association. Craft as a form of self-expression can be a way of learning sensitivity towards different
cultural or ecological phenomena, reflecting on culture and society, and better understanding cultural differences. In this model, the relationship with tradition is future oriented and renewable.
A university course in mindful viewing: Understanding art and self through contemplative experience
Authors: Gradle Sally Armstrong
Published: October 2011

This enquiry has two goals. First, it explores the benefits of a university art education course designed to develop mindfulness and initiate student appreciation of other world-views through art. Students at the undergraduate and graduate level were encouraged to create and use daily
insight practices that would enable appreciation of unfamiliar artists, as well as visual works of other cultures. Through contemplative viewing, journal writing, discussion and art making, students developed what Dustin and Ziegler refer to as a ‘practical recovery of intuitive vision’,
which can be explained as an everyday activity connected to either viewing or creating something that one values. The second goal of this writing is to suggest the necessity of developing a viewing practice built upon mindfulness as a creative act in order to explore art deeply. Mindful viewing
and the reflection on one’s practice expands to an appreciation of others’ experiences in creating and living with their art. Contemplative viewing also gifts the viewer with the suspension of judgement about unfamiliar art long enough to appreciate what cannot always be understood
in an initial viewing encounter.
Endings and beginnings: reading Clark Blaise's 'A Fish Like a Buzzard'
Authors: Struthers J.R. (Tim)
Published: October 2011

This essay examines the highly nuanced and highly powerful ways Clark Blaise revisited and reinvented classic conventions of the modern short story in his first published story, 'A Fish Like a Buzzard', a story that, forty years later, Blaise would choose to open (metafictively, this
essay argues) the first volume, Southern Stories, of his four-part Selected Stories (2000-2006). Particular attention is given to Blaise's treatment of successive beginnings and endings in this three-part story, to his sense of how stories' endings, like the writing of this story for him,
can and must involve looking backward, but also, and more importantly, looking forward. Contexts for the analysis provided in this essay include Clark Blaise's key theoretical essay 'How Stories Mean', from his Selected Essays (2008), along with individual stories by James Joyce, Eudora Welty
and Flannery O'Connor
From New Wave to SciFi Strange: thematic shifts in the SF short story
Authors: Hedgecock Andy
Published: October 2011

Contemporary developments in science fiction (SF) storytelling echo the innovations in the 1960s, led by New Worlds magazine. A new mode of SF, characterized as SciFi Strange is defined in terms of its literary qualities, sense of wonder, acceptance of diversity, reflection on basic
human values and needs and exploration of the boundaries of reality and experience. Interviews are conducted with Michael Moorcock, editor of New Worlds from 1964-73; Andy Cox, editor of the SF magazine Interzone; Jason Sanford, SF writer and originator of the SciFi Strange concept and three
other contemporary writers of SF short stories. It is concluded there are shifts in thematic emphasis similar to those inspired by New Worlds: these are emergent trends rather than managed, top-down changes. Modern SF writers seem to be rejecting nostalgia for technologically focused stories
in favour of stories that tackle significant aspects of human experience such as politics and the abuse of power, ecological disaster and the fragility of identity. Writers and editors seem to share the view of those behind the 1960s new wave that mainstream literary fiction is not well suited
to addressing these vital and complex issues.
Rape and sexual harassment in Spanish cinema during the early years of the Francoist regime
Authors: Gascón Fátima Gil
Published: October 2011

This article analyses gender relations during the first two decades of the Francoist regime in Spain through the portrayal and treatment of sexual assault by film-makers and censors. Based on the study of 200 films produced during the 1940s and 1950s, this article aims to discover the
frequency, mode and utility with which sexual assaults are addressed in Francoist cinema, with a particular emphasis on the way in which these crimes affected the fictional female victims. This study aims to understand how these issues were addressed in a medium as popular and as seemingly
innocent as cinema and to also have a better understanding of the conceptualization of women during this period in Spain.
Researching effects on 'ArtWork(s) in the Third Sector': how can we evaluate community arts projects?
Authors: Oud Willy
Published: October 2011

This article presents the results of evaluation research on a Dutch experimental project, 'ArtWork(s)' in the Third Sector', in the Netherlands. Theatre artists participated in four pilots over a period of four to twelve months with migrants, detainees, mentally handicapped and young
people at risk. The main goal was to develop and strengthen the competencies needed in daily life and at work. Evaluation research on the effects of the arts programmes in a pre-test–post-test design with quantitative and qualitative methods was an integral part of this experimental
community arts project. We evaluated the effects of the arts activities on the members of the four pilot groups, who needed to integrate better into Dutch society. This evaluation not only provides information on the effects of the pilots, but also discussion points on how we can evaluate
these kinds of projects, as well as lessons on how to improve the research methods in the future. Important issues in this evaluation are the visions of the artists and coaches on the function and goals of the programmes for these target groups, and the way these visions are reflected in practice.
The spaces of ‘Deep Mapping’: A partial account
Authors: Biggs Iain
Published: October 2011

This article sets out an understanding of the emergent practices collectively referred to as ‘deep mapping’. It adopts Mike Pearson’s view that the optimal deep mapping takes ‘region as its optic’ (2006), while also recognizing the value of smaller-scale
approaches. It draws on Kenneth Frampton’s Critical Regionalism to underpin deep mapping’s environmental and social dimensions and provide a productive counterpoint to its ethno-autographic element and its focus on a ‘militant particularism’ able to facilitate ‘the
passage from memory to hope, from past to future’ (Harvey 1996). Critical Regionalism is taken here as a ‘post-disciplinary’ poetics that interweaves a multiplicity of ‘creative’ and ‘scientific’ material to enact, in the socio-geographical domain,
John Wylie’s understanding that ‘landscape is tension’ (2007). Deep mapping is presented as offering a multidimensional understanding of place that enacts these tensions through our engagement with a second, specifically cultural, space-between, understood here as a metaxy.
It is only in this space that we are able to put into practice Geraldine Finn’s insight that, while we cannot do without categorical thinking, ‘we are always both more and less than the categories that name and divide us’ (1996). The argument put forward here locates this
active social space between the institutional worlds of art and of the university as that with which deep mapping specifically engages as a discrete practice. It posits that an ‘open’ deep mapping draws on the resources ‘managed’ by each institutional world so as to
maintain a critical solicitude towards both professional worlds while remaining non-aligned with the presuppositions of either.
CONFERENCE REVIEW
Authors: Fyfe Hamish
Published: October 2011

DEMANDING CONVERSATIONS – SOCIALLY ENGAGED ARTS PRACTICE IN A CHANGING POLITICAL CLIMATE, KNOWLE WEST MEDIA CENTRE, BRISTOL 22nd/23rd SEPTEMBER 2010
Evaluating the therapeutic effects of museum object handling with hospital patients: A review and initial trial of well-being measures
Authors: Thomson Linda J. , Ander Erica E. , Menon Usha , Lanceley Anne , Chatterjee Helen J.
Published: October 2011

Arts therapy interventions within health care produce positive outcomes for patients, staff and carers, though little rigorous evaluation of these activities is conducted using clinically accepted measures. Similarly, heritage-specific therapeutic interventions offer comparable potential
to increase well-being. Although museums and galleries have significant capacity to contribute to health and social care, widespread implementation is impeded by lack of robust clinical data quantifying the impact of such interventions. Measurement scales for psychological well-being, quality
of life and health status were reviewed for their suitability to evaluate well-being in hospital patients before and after 30-minute museum object handling sessions. Measures were short-listed using selection criteria of internal and external validity, practicality and sensitivity. Focus on
usage in health care, breadth of application, ease of administration and degree of responsiveness informed the choice of optimum measures for preliminary research with female oncology patients (n=40). Findings indicated effectiveness of selected measures (Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale;
PANAS and Visual Analogue Scale; VAS) for heritage-specific interventions.
Kinesthetic ability and the development of empathy in Dance Movement Therapy
Authors: Federman Dita Judith
Published: October 2011

This study investigates the relationship between change in kinesthetic ability and the development of empathy in a group of Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) trainees. Art Therapy and Social Science students served as comparison groups. A field study was conducted using a quasi-experimental
pre-post control group design. Participants were 62 graduate students. A standard self-report measure of empathy was used, and kinesthetic ability was evaluated using a table of movement dimensions based on Laban Movement Analysis (LMA). In addition, DMT participants were interviewed regarding
perceived change in empathy and in movement ability. The results suggested an increase in kinesthetic ability among the DMT cohort. The self-report measure of empathy suggested no significant change in all groups, and yet, interviews of the DMT trainees showed an increase in empathy. Standardized
empathy scores were correlated with increasing kinesthetic ability displayed in outward movement, echoing and sunken posture. The results suggest that empathy can be developed through training for the benefit of the emotional health of both patients and trainees.
Acculturation and imagination as social practice in Heremakono
Authors: Burgin Alice
Published: October 2011

This article investigates the relationship between contemporary global cultural flows of media and migration in West Africa, and the perceived effects of acculturation on the African imagination. Considering acculturation as a key concern of Sissako's film Heremakono/En attendant
le bonheur/Waiting for Happiness (Abderrahmane Sissako, 2002), the article explores how the construction of an African imagination is complicated by the way in which West African cinema itself works within a transnational milieu. The article firstly considers the film's representation
of the disjunctures of the global economy and its negative affects on cultures and peoples of the global South. However, it continues by contextualizing the film's mode of production as part of a system that works from a Franco-Parisian centre, repositioning the film within a broader transnational
milieu and complicating reading the film through a North/South cultural dichotomy.
History, adaptation, Japan: Haruki Murakami’s ‘Tony Takitani’ and Jun Ichikawa’s Tony Takitani
Authors: Thornbury Barbara
Published: October 2011

Haruki Murakami’s short story, ‘Tony Takitani’, first published in Japan in 1990, and the film adaptation directed by Jun Ichikawa, released in 2004 under the same title, are important critiques of society in late twentieth-century Japan. I focus on the socio-historical
framework that Murakami constructed in the short story and that Ichikawa instantiated in his adaptation. I suggest that Murakami’s ‘Tony Takitani’, an incisive portrayal of unsustainable consumption and social disconnection, is a prescient work that anticipated the bursting
of Japan’s economic bubble in the early 1990s – and that Ichikawa’s film confirms the accuracy of Murakami’s dark prescience, but offers a counterpoint to it in an extended storyline that reveals a muted optimism grounded in the possibility of social reconnection.
How far can you go in telling a story without using words?
Authors: Zarhy-Levo Yael
Published: October 2011

Matthew Bourne’s Play Without Words: The Housewarming (2002) offers an especially intriguing work of adaptation. This hybrid piece of dance–theatre choreography suggests simultaneous correspondences with a number of subjects, and also with different artistic media. Bourne’s
work explicitly references the 1963 Losey-Pinter film The Servant, which was adapted from Robin Maugham’s novella of the same name, while indirectly corresponding with 1960s British films. Furthermore, the work suggests, in an understated fashion, a correspondence with the theatrical
poetics of Harold Pinter, which appears to serve in advancing Bourne’s aspiration to be regarded as a director – creating theatre through movement – rather than a creator of dances. This aspiration, which is manifested in various ways, both directly and indirectly, in interviews
conducted with Bourne, underlies his overall approach as a choreographer.
Global communication models and formats: A case study of the sustenance of the media industry in the Arab world
Authors: Barry Wail A.
Published: October 2011

The aim of this study is to establish the correlation between the growth, diffusion and innovation of global media models and formats on the one hand and, on the other, the sustenance of the media industry in the Arab countries. Communication scholars maintain that global mass communication
is a multifaceted phenomenon. This is reflected in the direct transmission and distribution of media channels, the spread of international media such as the BBC World Service, the creation of domestic media output and the foreign global formats and genres that are tailored to suit domestic
audiences. This study utilizes the theoretical development approach. The conceptual framework underpinning this study focuses on different approaches to development media theory. It maintains that global media need to be analysed with new paradigms, positioning socio-economic indicators as
core variables in the global media sphere.
Internet usage vs traditional media usage among university students in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ayyad Khayrat
Published: October 2011

This study aims at investigating Internet usage vs traditional media usage among university students of the University of Sharjah (UOS) in the United Arab Emirates. It adopts the ‘uses and gratification’ approach to explain how students are goal-oriented in their use of
mass media and the Internet. A questionnaire was designed and tested on a sample of 270 students of the UOS. The questionnaire included 21 questions covering patterns of using traditional media (television, radio and newspapers) and the use of the Internet among students. Findings of the study
show that patterns of exposure to mass media and new media among the students of the UOS reflect the importance of the Internet in comparison to traditional media. All students access the Internet extensively and use it to gratify their personal needs, social needs and educational needs. Findings
also show that the Internet has effects on students’ exposure to traditional media. This finding indicates that while the effect of the Internet on watching TV and reading newspapers is obvious, its effect on listening to radio is moderate. The Internet is seen as one of the most important
mediums and a threat to traditional mass media. As for the differences between male and female students, findings of the study show that the gender of students has an obvious effect on his/her usage of mass media and the Internet. While male students are watching TV and reading newspapers
to follow up current affairs and to get information, female students are watching TV for entertainment and to consume time. Entertainment is the main reason for listening to radio for both male and female students. As for the Internet, while the main reasons for accessing the Internet among
male student are to communicate through e-mails and to follow up current affairs, female students use the Internet mostly to entertain themselves and to search for information related to their studies.
The limits of dissent: Palestinian media in a Jewish ethnocracy
Authors: McGahern Una
Published: October 2011

This article examines the impact of new political communication strategies upon state policy towards Palestinian Arab media in Israel. While the majority of studies on Palestinian Arab media in Israel have tended to focus upon patterns of media production or consumption by the minority,
little attention has been given to the relationship between the structural dimensions of power and inequality in society and the development of Palestinian counter-hegemony in Israel. This article examines the location of Palestinian Arab media within the broader system of Jewish ethnocratic
control in Israel and argues that despite the diverse range of modern media at its disposal, the Palestinian Arab minority – together with its media – remains marginalized and limited in its ability to affect political change within Israeli society.
Peace-making, power configurations and media practices in northern Uganda: A case study of Mega FM
Authors: Brisset-Foucault Florence
Published: October 2011

This article analyses the uses of the 'community' and 'peace media' labels in northern Uganda. It tries to assess their effect on power configurations and on the practices and the representations of media workers. In order to do so, it analyses how non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
have penetrated the local media and have modified the rules of the game, in terms of access to resources and protection from repression, but also in terms of the definition of professionalism. It shows how a local radio station, Mega FM, has managed to negotiate its dependence on the state
and on international NGOs, including how it has succeeded in dominating the local media market, by embracing these media models. Finally, all these dynamics are illustrated and nourished by a shift in the professional values: the media workers now value the 'responsibility' of the media understood
as a support to the peace process.
Revisiting the 'Leapfrog' debate in light of current trends of mobile phone Internet usage in the Greater Johannesburg area, South Africa
Authors: Hyde-Clarke Nathalie , Van Tonder Tamsin
Published: October 2011

At first glance, mobile technology appears to have the potential to allow countries in Africa to technologically 'leapfrog' across the digital divide and provide much needed Internet access to a wide range of people currently unable to participate in the Information Society. This study
investigates whether this potential is being actualized through the survey of a non-purposive sample population living in Johannesburg, South Africa. Studies have shown that aside from being able to engage with the new technology, people must also perceive it as reliable and user friendly.
As such, this article examines user's attitudes and current behaviour with regards to this apparently highly accessible and relatively affordable medium. It also seeks to determine whether people believe that mobile technology could eclipse (or leapfrog) the use of computer technology for
online activities – and if they believe that to be true, how have their usage patterns shifted, if at all?
Parkour and the critique of ideology: Turn-vaulting the fortresses of the city
Authors: Chow Broderick D. V.
Published: October 2011

This article examines the athletic/performative discipline of 'parkour' in relation to the ideologies of neo-liberalism and advanced capitalism. The author makes a distinction between the 'spectacular' form of parkour, and parkour as a participatory and somatic practice, with roots
in the methode naturelle training of Georges Hébert. In its spectacular form, parkour may be read as a superficially subversive discipline that is under constant threat of absorption into the machine of capitalist production, evidenced by its representation in cinema and television,
as well as its growing presence as a demonstration sport. As a participatory practice, however, parkour is a form of embodied ideological critique, as the body learns to respond to the inconsistencies and antagonisms of advanced capitalism that manifest in the built environment. This is argued
to have a positive effect on the participant, building a greater sense of political agency. The author's methodology is based on theoretical critique within a Marxian and psychoanalytic framework, as well as self-reflection on his own training in parkour.
Reflections on Skin
Authors: Crawford Jennifer-Lynn
Published: October 2011

The exploration that follows takes up the phenomenon of our outermost wrapping, skin, and considers it as a horizon that both separates us from and puts us in touch with the world. The first part takes up skin phenomenologically, articulating the unique significance of skin as experienced
in a somatic movement practice and exploring the potential of embryology as a narrative ground on which to re-interpret and flesh out touch and movement. The second part draws these two strands together in positing a thinking skin, or tactile cognition. Such a thinking is unfolded through
Heidegger's Verstehen, his particular construal of understanding as situated and existence as fundamentally interpretive, as well as Maxine Sheets-Johnstone's seminal writings on animate life.
Reading, Gardening and 'Non-Self': Joged Amerta and its emerging influence on ecological somatic practice
Authors: Reeve Sandra
Published: October 2011

Joged Amerta is a somatic and performance practice developed by Suprapto Suryodarmo, a Javanese movement artist and teacher. The Padepokan Lemah Putih, Suryodarmo's interdisciplinary arts institution, is located in Desa Plesungan, in the northern part of Solo, Java. The garden
surrounding the three main pendopos is landscaped to provide different environments for movement practice. This article suggests that Joged Amerta offers a model of somatic practice that differs in a number of ways from western somatic practices, and that these differences may offer
useful insights for the developing practice of somatic ecology in the West. In particular, Joged Amerta differs in that it foregrounds the notion of 'non-self' (which is Buddhist in orientation) as well as the notion of 'surrendering' the self, which comes from Sumarah, a philosophy
of life and a form of meditation that has its roots in Javanese culture. Both of these approaches refer to a conception of self untouched by the West's rendering of the unconscious. Additionally, as a model of practice, Joged Amerta differs from western approaches in the following areas.
First, it has emerged from Suryodarmo's daily movement practice, a practice that has stimulated, step by step, a pattern of theoretical understanding. The complete methodology of Joged Amerta has taken 24 years to emerge and to find its form. Second, Joged Amerta pays attention
to environmental embodiment and attaches crucial importance to the mutual interdependence and co-creation of organism and environment. Third, it offers an approach to education that respects the inherent 'difference' that our respective backgrounds create at a personal, sensory, social, cultural
and spiritual level. Joged Amerta articulates how, in daily life, the way that each of us experiences the world is fundamentally mysterious to the other and cannot be 'cloned'. It recognizes and appreciates the influence of cultural conditioning on the study and transmission of Joged
Amerta as a practice. Finally, this article points to the way that Joged Amerta is contributing to paradigms of ecological somatic practice and performance that are currently emerging in the West. The specific example of 'ecological movement' is offered as one application of Joged
Amerta in Europe.
An exploration of cheating in a virtual gaming world
Authors: Dumitrica Delia D.
Published: October 2011

This article looks at the ‘culture of cheating’ within a specific virtual gaming world, Neopets. It argues that this ‘culture of cheating’, informed by a neo-liberal capitalist discourse, has been embedded in the structure of the world. Thus, Neopets promotes
an image of wealth as accumulation and as an expression of individual will and effort. Cheating becomes an instrument for personal achievement in a world where access to resources has been designed as unequal. In the case discussed here, socialization within this world may be interpreted as
offering users an experience of neo-liberal capitalism that renders inequality as a ‘natural’ consequence of individual choices. What remains hidden is precisely the interweaving of social processes and technical design in constructing this neo-liberal capitalist experience of
the world in the first place.
Digital dramaturgy of cruelty: Antoine Artaud: Ludology and the plague metaphor in contemporary video games and new media
Authors: Kouratoras Michail
Published: October 2011

This article aims to trace the relationship between specific types of video games and digital media performances and the central theatrical concept of participation and plague introduced by Antoine Artaud, in his major and highly influential theoretical work Le Theatre et son Double/Theatre
and its Double. The emphasis is on immersive, action, adventure and role playing games, especially combat, fighting, shooter games and survival horror, taking place in a digital 3D space. Relevant digital media performances like those introduced by Stelarc and Kac, among others, which incorporate
an actual stage or real space, are also included in the discussion. Artaud’s ‘ludology’ and his metaphor of plague are directly applied as a conceptual reflection, an aesthetic model or a method of performance to the above digital media genres, to explore their function as
participated, embodied and sensed experiences onstage and/or in virtual environments. The discussion takes the form of a comparative study of drama and new media concepts. This leads to the conclusion that a new interdisciplinary area exists between theatre/performance and digital new media.
In this area, Artaud’s notion of plague is materialized and developed further with the aid of digital technologies. This happens in a manner that precisely follows Artaud’s fundamental aesthetics, principles and causes of his plague-like dramaturgic method, in a recent digital
adaptation of his theatre of cruelty, introducing a novel type of dramaturgic realization.
Designing game representations: How game interfaces constrain and promote collaborative play
Authors: Sharritt Matthew
Published: October 2011

A study using contemporary computer games, including Civilization IV, Making History: The Calm & the Storm and RollerCoaster Tycoon 3, illustrates how the design of the game interface and its associated behaviors can guide game player activity. Affordances, or potentials for action,
can constrain and promote particular game player activity by influencing game player goal formation and constraining the corresponding action potentials to achieve those goals. Results demonstrate the importance of paying close attention to what the game interface offers players, as it serves
to constrain in-game activity while providing salience to particular actions. These actions can be designed in ways that guide game player activity towards the achievement of ‘Serious’ goals. Patterns between the use of the game interface and game player intentions reveal the importance
of the relationship between the game interface and player activity.
Why the spatial epistemology of the video game matters: Metis, video game space and interdisciplinary theory
Authors: Fraser Benjamin
Published: October 2011

Drawing on the Greek concept of mētis provides a way of highlighting the unique spatial epistemology of the video game and establishing connections between game theorists and scholars working on issues of space/place in other fields. Addressing ‘the antagonist[ic] relationship’
between the humanities and the social sciences with regard to video game studies (Wolf and Perron 2009: 14; citing a personal e-mail from critic Jesper Juul), this article emphasizes the priority of a mobile knowledge of space as enacted in video gameplay, and subsequently establishes important
connections with key ideas on knowledge and space from Lefebvrian philosophy and from the interdisciplinary field of spatial theory.
Frameworks and affordances: Understanding the tools of music-making
Authors: Mooney James
Published: October 2011

This article presents a simple and flexible model in which the tools of music-making (‘frameworks’) are viewed in terms of what they allow us to do (their ‘affordances’). The model has analytical and pedagogical applications in any discipline that involves interactions
with tools. This article focuses on musical applications and will therefore be of particular interest to music educators, composers, performers and researchers seeking an alternative perspective on the relationship between music and the tools used to compose and perform it. The model deals
with technology in a broad sense that includes traditional acoustic instruments and other non-electronic tools as well as electronic and computer technologies. An account of how the frameworks and affordances model could be usefully applied in teaching and research, with specific examples,
is given.
Tactus: Didactic design and implementation of a pedagogically sound-based rhythm-training computer program
Authors: Tejada Jesús , Gil Manuel Pérez , Pérez Rafael García
Published: October 2011

This article presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a computer program (Tactus) for musical rhythm training (perception, production and representation) at conservatories, music schools and universities. Firstly, a computerprogram- based rhythm-training model designed
in an earlier study was adopted in order to derive a technical checklist to analyse existing commercial rhythm-training software. This original model had been prepared with several sources of information: music education methods, teaching praxes and conservatory faculty members’ opinions
and perceptions. Secondly, these existing commercial programs were analysed and several problems related with didactics were detected. Finally, as a consequence, a new computer program was conceived using the didactic design derived from the training model. This design included characteristics
related to the following: content order, didactic approach and activities (perception–production, creation, reading– writing), didactic resources (ostinati, real music from several cultures, non-conventional and conventional notation), as well as evaluation of students’ performance.
Tactus was finally evaluated at eleven music education institutions in Spain and Chile by adult and young students (n=185) as well as teachers (n=51) with qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The high scores obtained in the evaluation suggest a high applicability of Tactus as a useful
didactic medium in the processes of rhythm teaching and learning in real classroom situations. It can also be suggested that one reason for the high scores could be the aforementioned characteristics of Tactus and in particular the fact that Tactus does not follow the typical top-bottom approach
in teaching rhythm, but instead allows users to firstly, perceive and produce; secondly, represent the sound; and finally, read and understand the theory subjacent to the western rhythm metric system.
Blogging transforming music learning and teaching: Reflections of a teacher-researcher
Authors: Chong Eddy K. M.
Published: October 2011

There has been much recognition that blogging can develop writing skills, foster reflective thinking, enable higher-order learning, including the development of critical thinking skills, and facilitate collaborative knowledge building. In the area of music teaching, blogging has been
particularly used to facilitate collaborative compositional projects. In this article, the teacher-researcher reflects on his five-year experiences of using blogging in his music theory and analysis classes to examine how the adoption of this particular piece of social software has transformed
not only students’ learning of music theory but also his own teaching. In effect, we witness the extent blogging has become a ‘disruptive technology’ in a particular music-educational context. The discussion will heighten music educators’ awareness of some of the potential
benefits of blogging (or similar social software) as well as possible pitfalls or tradeoffs pertaining to music learning.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Oliver Rowan
Published: October 2011

MUSICAL RHYTHM IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL REPRODUCTION, ANNE DANIELSEN (ED.), 2010 Aldershot: Ashgate, 252 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4094-0340-1, hardback, £60.00
Mapping a beautiful voice: The continuous response measurement apparatus (CReMA)
Authors: Himonides Evangelos
Published: October 2011

This article follows work published in this Journal that drew on a range of diverse literatures to clarify those elements that are perceived to constitute a ‘beautiful’ sung performance. The text rehearsed key findings from existing literatures in order to determine the
extent to which particular elements might appear the most salient for an individual listener and also ‘quantifiable’ (in the sense of being open to empirical study). The article concluded with a theoretical framework for the elements that are likely to construct and shape our responses
to particular sung performances. Herein, the development of a novel research apparatus and an empirical evaluation of this research framework are being presented. This research framework is believed to provide evidence about the robustness of the emergent theoretical taxonomy of underlying
contributory factors by subjecting it to empirical evaluation through a multifaceted investigation into the psycho-acoustic and context-specific interpretation of sung performance quality.
REVIEWS
Authors: Barnard Matthew , Plans David , Slater Mark
Published: October 2011

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER MUSIC, NICK COLLINS (2010) West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 396 pp., ISBN: 978-0-470-71455-3, Paperback, £36.99 THE MUSIC BUSINESS AND RECORDING INDUSTRY, GEOFFREY P. HULL (2010) 3rd ed., New York: Routledge, 370 pp., ISBN: 978-0-415-87561-5, Paperback,
£39.99 UNDERSTANDING RECORDS: A FIELD GUIDE TO RECORDING PRACTICE, JAY HODGSON (2010) New York: Continuum, 252 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4411-5607-5, Paperback, £16.99
Lost and gone for ever? The search for early British screenplays
Authors: Macdonald Ian W. , Jacob Jacob U. U.
Published: October 2011

The systematic collection and preservation of film and TV scripts at a national level has never been implemented in the United Kingdom. While the British Film Institute National Library (BFI) has a respectable collection of around 25,000 scripts, this has been built up from donations
over the 75 years of the BFI’s existence. The silent film period, to 1930, is particularly affected by this lack of national care; the BFI has less than 100 British scripts from this period. Researchers from the University of Leeds spent several months in 2007 and 2008 seeking and collating
information from around the world, with grant-aid support from the British Academy. The intention was to find out if any British silent film scripts had found a home in both British and foreign institutional collections, or elsewhere. The results were in general as expected – no major
new collections were unearthed – but in part surprising. As a result of this a database has been compiled. Why should we search for scripts? It is now being realized that screenplay and other documentation hold information about the provenance and development of the screen idea that
a film cannot provide. For some, the script may be a useful substitute for a lost film, but more importantly understanding how the film was envisaged before principal photography can reveal much about the industrial assumptions associated with film production in general, and about that screen
idea in particular.
The first screenplays? American Mutoscope and Biograph scenarios revisited
Authors: Price Steven
Published: October 2011

This article builds on the earlier work of Patrick Loughney in discussing a series of texts written by Frank J. Marion and Wallace McCutcheon, and registered by American Mutoscope & Biograph (AM&B) at the Library of Congress in 1904–05. It assesses the arguments for regarding
these as the earliest surviving texts that were written specifically in order to be filmed. Significant historical contexts include copyright disputes between the studios, developments in narrative film since 1902, and the problematic classification system at the Library of Congress that prompted
AM&B to register a sequence of films as both ‘photographs’ and ‘dramatic compositions’. A comparison of the scenarios to the films provides evidence that they were written prior to filming. The formal arrangement of the scenarios is almost indistinguishable from
that for contemporary playscripts, which may have been due to a deliberate attempt to facilitate their registration as ‘dramatic compositions’.
Escape from the stage? From play to screenplay in British cinema’s early sound period
Authors: Lowe Victoria
Published: October 2011

In this article I discuss the evolution of the screenplay from play to film of Escape (1930) through a detailed examination of the archive correspondence between its producer Basil Dean and the original writer of the play, John Galsworthy. My aim is to provide a more nuanced account
of the relationship between stage and screen practices at this time, one that goes beyond histories that have understood the adaptation of stage material to have been a burden from which British cinema had to escape, in order to create its own distinctive identity. I argue that the relationship
between the two practices was affected by the coming of sound, and the cultural anxiety and debates around the film industry and national identity formations that it engendered. I then examine Basil Dean’s thoughts about the adapted screenplay, in particular his ideas around the retention
of the original author’s dialogue, and his practical response to the issues in terms of his collaboration with Galsworthy in the writing of the screenplay of Escape, one of the first talkies made in the United Kingdom.
Irish cinema 1994–2009: The trajectory of script development policy at the Irish Film Board
Authors: O’Connell Díóg
Published: October 2011

This article explores the changing nature of public policy in Ireland, 1994–2009, as it relates to film and scriptwriting practice. The dominant discourse in Irish cinema studies has centred around ideas of identity, national identity in particular with more recent studies branching
off in the direction of genre studies, political economy and narrative studies. This article is framed, broadly speaking, within a political economy discourse, by way of exploring how Irish Film Board policy changed over a specific period as a result of internal and external factors, shaping
a structure that would determine how Irish scriptwriters related to the wider field of film production. Through a survey of Irish Film Board policies, newspaper articles and annual reports, this article presents a general historical overview of an evolving film policy as it related directly
to scriptwriting and script development. Against this backdrop, other questions surface about Irish cinema and scriptwriting practice, particularly questions centred on local/global issues.
Storyworld: the Bigger Picture, investigating the world of multi-platform/transmedia production and its affect on storytelling processes
Authors: Zaluczkowska Anna
Published: October 2011

My investigations into transmedia and multi-platform production practices reveal that writers for film and TV could soon need to become content creators (directors or producers or craftspeople in addition to being writers), blurring the distinctions between concept, creation, production
and post-production. This article explores this phenomenon of multi-platform/transmedia production, mostly in the United Kingdom, and in particular its storytelling processes through a study of a small but successful company, Bellyfeel, based in Manchester, United Kingdom. Bellyfeel have given
me complete access to their work and established an online environment where I can study their practice/writing. I will contextualize the creative practice of the company with the work of Henry Jenkins, and suggest that, in the contemporary marketplace, it may be necessary for the writer to
be focused on the production process and the technological aspects of this process in order to understand how product is created and functions in this new environment.
Carl Th. Dreyer: the man and his work
Authors: Larsen Lisbeth Richter
Published: October 2011

A brief account of the Danish Film Institute’s production of the Carl Th. Dreyer website, as well as comments on the Dreyer collection.
Analysing archives in motion
Authors: Røssaak Eivind
Published: October 2011

Presentation of the National Library of Norway’s research project ‘The Archive in Motion’. This project investigates new media from a conservation perspective.
The element of crime and punishment: Aki Kaurismäki, Lars von Trier and the traditions of Nordic cinema
Authors: Schepelern Peter
Published: October 2011

Finnish Aki Kaurismäki and Danish Lars von Trier are the two outstanding and internationally renowned auteurs in contemporary Scandinavian cinema, though both have enjoyed only moderate success at the box office in their home country. The article compares the two directors, characterizing
their construction of a distinct universe, their attitude to nationality and internationalism, their political attitudes and use of religion or nostalgia as themes, their use of allegory and melodrama, as well as their attitude to low-budget production as a creative inspiration, all seen against
the background of Nordic cinema traditions concerning sexuality, Heimat and the wisdom of society’s marginalized figures.
Modernity and the moving image: Halldór Laxness and the writing of ‘The American Film in 1928’
Authors: Vilhjálmsson Björn Þór
Published: October 2011

The article discusses Icelandic author and Nobel laureate Halldór Laxness’s (1902–98) essay ‘Kvikmyndin ameríska 1928’/‘The American Film in 1928’, which was written during Laxness’s stay in Hollywood in the late 1920s. The development
of the essay from a 1927 draft to its 1929 publication in the essay collection Alþy´ðubókin/‘The Commoner’s Book’ is traced, and the contours of its extensive ideological critique are examined. The article contextualizes Laxness’s emphasis on
the economic realities of film production and discusses his interest in cinema in conjunction with his allegiance to societal modernization and his engagement with modernism in the arts. Laxness’s analysis of various films and filmmakers is addressed in relation to what for him constituted
the proper deployment of the medium. Finally, Laxness’s subsequent career as it relates to his continuing engagement with cinema is briefly addressed.
Art is born on the border of taboo: Vilgot Sjöman in Hollywood
Authors: Åberg Anders Wilhelm
Published: October 2011

Vilgot Sjöman’s book I Hollywood/In Hollywood (1961) gives a personal account of the American system of film production from the perspective of a prospective film director. It can be argued that the analysis of the Production Code sums up Sjöman’s position on art,
later to be developed in his films.
Guarding the heritage: radio and television culture preservation in Finland
Authors: Savolainen Eeva
Published: October 2011

The National Audiovisual Archive of Finland aims to preserve Finnish film, radio and television culture. Radio and television archiving began in 2008. A programme stream of primary Finnish TV channels and radio stations is recorded, and original-quality programmes are deposited for
research purposes. RITVA and ELONET databases help users access materials.
Digital literature and the Digital
Authors: Bouchardon Serge
Published: October 2011

In this article, the approach to the Digital is based on the distinction between three levels: a theoretical level, an applicative level and an interpretative level. Now digital literary works play on the tensions between the three levels and allow these tensions to be highlighted.
Studying the conjunction of the Digital and of literary creation – by analysing digital literary works – thus proves to be relevant. Looking into the specific properties of the Digital can throw light on the potentialities of digital literature; in the same way, digital literature
can act as a revealer for the Digital.