bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
25‐1: Distinguished Paper: A Novel Ultra Large Size OLED Display for Premium TVs
Authors: Shin Hong-Jae , Choi Soo-Hong , Kim Yong-Ho , Yun Seong-Ho , Kim Dong-Myoung , Bae Sung-Joon , Kim Han-Seop , Lee Hyeon-Woo , Oh Chang-Ho
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present the novel ultra large size OLED display with high image quality for premium TV using an advanced coplanar Oxide TFT backplane, MLA based OLED, small area gate driver in panel for narrow bezel, and pixel charging enhancement method with external compensation. Using these technologies, we improved the luminance efficiency about 20 %, and reduced the gate driver design area to 40%. The pixel charging ratio is more than 80% in all gray levels. Using the developed OLED display, we have successfully developed up to ultra large size 88‐inch 8K, 97‐inch 4K OLED TVs.
25‐2: Subpixel Optimization in AMOLED Displays by Self‐assembled Patterning of a Secondary Cathode
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Chang Yilu , Wang Qi , Zhang Yingjie , Qiu Jacky , Helander Michael
Published: August 2023

AMOLED display performance has been highly optimized
around the blue subpixel due to the weaker performance of blue
emitters than that of red and green emitters. A subpixel
optimization approach was demonstrated using the Selfassembled
patterning of a secondary cathode. With the
introduction of the secondary cathode for the red subpixel, the red
device performance can be significantly improved without
sacrificing the optimal performance of the blue subpixel.
Moreover, this design can also dramatically reduce the sheet
resistance which is critical for middle size top‐mission AMOLED
panels for applications like tablets and laptops.
25‐4: High Resolution Top Emission OLED Device Fabricated by Inkjet Printing Process
Authors: Wang Huifeng , Huang Wentong , Ma Kaihong , Shih Huaiting , Yu Jianwei
Published: August 2023

The inkjet printing (IJP) process based on solution‐process is a
very attractive technology because of the high material usage rate
and simple OLEDs structure. But it is not going well on the road
to mass‐product due to the various factors. The first breakthrough
is the middle‐size OLED panel manufactured which exactly
match the demand of market, process, machine and material. In
this middle‐size panel, the top emission OLED is requirement to
increase the pixel aperture ratio, lifetime and color gamut. In this
work, the bank material and process, high resolution printing
technology, in‐pixel uniformity control, and Mura Free process
were developed. Finally, an 11 inch 255 PPI top emission device
was fabricated by inkjet‐printed process.
26‐1: Invited Paper: Overall Performance Measurement of Automotive Autostereoscopic Displays
Authors: Pross Achim , Kreuzer Markus , Ewen Christoph
Published: August 2023

New measurement concepts were established for the development and optimization of the first fully position‐adaptive autostereoscopic display for automotive 3D instrument clusters. The associated methods enable a parametric determination of the overall performance of the 3D system to find a measure of customer perception and optimize it by its specific parameters.
28‐1: Foveated imaging for AR displays based on polarization selective flat lenses
Authors: Yang Qian , Li Yannanqi , Ding Yuqiang , Rao Yi , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate a foveated AR display based on a single microdisplay light engine by using a temporal polarization multiplexing method, enabled by two polarization selective flat cholesteric liquid crystal lenses. The angular resolution of the foveal view is enhanced by 3.12x while maintaining a compact formfactor.
28‐2: Eyebox‐expanded Maxwellian‐View Augmented Reality Display with a Color Holographic Optical Element
Authors: Xia Xinxing , Sun Ming , Mi Pengfei , Guan Frank , Zheng Huadong , Peng Yifan , Yu Yingjie
Published: August 2023

We develop a novel Maxwellian‐view near‐eye display design
towards eyebox expansion, using a combiner of the full‐color
holographic optical element. Particularly, the holographic
optical element aims to expand the eyebox and is fabricated using
time‐multiplexing exposure with RGB lasers. Leveraging a
micro‐projector module as the display engine, a full‐color
Maxwellian‐view near‐eye display prototype with an eyeglassstyle
form factor is implemented with an expanded eyebox of
6mm×6mm.
29‐1: Invited Paper: Emitters for Flat Panel microLED Displays
Authors: Meitl M.A. , Pearson A. , Bradshaw G. , Keller B. , Rinne G. , Brown J. , Kneeburg D. , Meyer C. , Knausz I. , Trinh B. , Radauscher E. , Samarskiy M. , Jain N. , Bonafede S. , Prevatte C. , Yue N. , Fisher B. , Rivers N. , Raymond B. , Verreen C. , Vick E. , Ozbas M. , Lynch J. , Bower C. A. , Nearman N. , Hansen R. , Wendler B.
Published: August 2023

Advances in the brightness, efficiency, and dynamic range of
emissive displays are made possible by integrating microLEDs
inside every pixel. Economical realization of these displays
demands a diverse set of process technologies and device designs
to accommodate the characteristics of microLEDs in large‐area
formats. Here, we present advancements in stamp‐based mass
transfer. We present schemes for packaging microLEDs into
multi‐color emitter structures that interface readily with
backplane materials. The structures reduce mass transfer cost by
increasing parallelism of the process. We demonstrate their utility
in active pixel arrays that use microICs as drivers. We introduce
a coverglass with light trap film stacks for enhancing contrast in
microLED displays. Finally, we present a surface mountable
device that incorporates these technologies into a format that is
applicable to videowalls and digital signage.
29‐5: Invited Paper: Progress in MicroLEDs: Materials, Device Performance, and Reliability
Authors: Moran Brendan , Holmes Mark J. , Flemish Joseph , Armitage Robert , Ren Zhongmin , Lotfi Hossein , Chung Theodore , Kim Hee Jin , Masui Hisashi , Pathak Rajiv , Tan Jia Cheng , Tan Boon Hon , Tio Yongxiang Melvin , Lim Shimin , Lim Kheng Boo , Shchekin Oleg
Published: August 2023

We present state of the art for microLED materials, devices, and
reliability. We show performance efficiencies as a function of
current density and device size for InGaN Red, Green, and Blue
and AlInGaP Red materials and breakdown EQE into constituent
IQE and extraction efficiency. We also present reliability results for
these structures across all materials systems. We then review
several concurrently developed technologies that serve to maximize
microLED performance in application use.
30‐1: Invited Paper: High Resolution Outdoor dvLED Displays and its Potential to Replace LCD Outdoor
Authors: Li Eric , Wickenhiser James
Published: August 2023

Historically, outdoor Direct View LED (dvLED) displays have
had very wide pixel pitches (up to 40mm). Recent advances
allowed outdoor dvLED to go below 1.0mm and compete directly
with LCD and OLED. However, these advancements require new
approaches electrically and physically for the outdoor markets.
We will discuss these challenges and present conclusions to
overcome these challenges.
30‐3: Open Standard Software Defined AV over IP Framework for LED Video Wall System †
Authors: Cope Ben , Kai Beh Jiun , Ching Yew Chang , Qiang Lee Zhan
Published: August 2023

The LED video wall market is in a growth phase as an alternative to LCD based large canvases. This paper contributes to industry body of knowledge on the opportunity to optimize the LED compute architecture for the mainstream market through key tenants of an open‐industry standard and commercial‐off‐the‐shelf product approach. With the LED market being in a growth phase this motivates a look at the compute architecture which drives such displays. A key adjacent market trend is how AV over IP is replacing domain specific protocols and more vendors adopt a software approach – both trends can be considered for application to the LED compute architecture. Four key challenges are summarized from a look at the current LED compute architecture and a template new architecture shown to explore answers to these challenges. The methodology of an incubation effort to explore this architecture is described leveraging the open‐source Intel® Media Transport Library to use SMPTE ST 2110 as a building block. Project findings are correlated back to the key challenges and reflect the tenants mentioned above. The next steps include practical considerations for product readiness.
31‐1: Active Stylus Application Using Self‐Capacitive Touch with OLED TDDI
Authors: Tang Yu-Ying , Chen Hao-Wei , Chen Chun-Hong , Lai Chih-Chang , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: August 2023

In this work, we propose active stylus application using selfcapacitive
touch with OLED TDDI. Active stylus application using
self‐capacitive touch sensor has several benefits in comparison to
using mutual‐capacitive touch sensor, such as “Smaller RC
Loading in Active Stylus Sensing”, “Uplink Signal Partially
Driving”, and “Downlink Signal Through Palm Removing”. With
these benefits, active stylus application can get better writing
experience and accuracy using self‐capacitive on OLED On‐Cell
product. Finally, we propose the word wide first OLED TDDI
(Touch and Display Driver Integration) NT38770 passed Wacom
LV1 certification with 6.67” OLED module.
32‐1: Invited Paper: A Mask‐Reduction Process With Innovative Undercut for Large Size AMOLED Display
Authors: Wen Xinbo , Wu Yuan-Chun , Hsu Yuan Jun , Cao Weiran , Luo Yunpeng , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2023

We propose a mask reduction process using triple‐metal TFT
source‐drain layers by removing the protective pad layer. In this
process flow, an innovative undercut structure is fabricated,
which could successfully contact the auxiliary electrodes with topemission
OLED cathode to reduce IR‐drop in large size AMOLED
display.
33‐1: Invited Paper: Development of Deuteration Technology to Improve Lifetime of OLED EX and Identification of Stability of Deuterated Materials
Authors: Yu Young-Jun , Kim Sang-Beom , Lee Kyung-Hoon , Back Ji-Ho , Park Kwon-Shik , Yoon Soo-Young , Hong Jayeon , You Youngmin , Lee Dong Gyu , Park Jeehong , Yi Yeonjin
Published: August 2023

Recently, LG Display completed the "EX Technology" development and is prioritizing technological innovation. This technology includes deuterium technology and personalization algorithms, which increase screen brightness (luminance) by 30% compared to existing OLEDs while producing more accurate and natural colors. In this paper, we will describe how deuterium technology can improve the lifetime of OLED products and the degradation mechanism of deuterated materials. By replacing the C‐H bond with a C‐D bond, isotope species exhibit electrochemical stability, leading to a longer device lifetime.
34‐2: A dual‐focal‐plane augmented reality head‐up display using polarization multiplexing
Authors: Liu Yi , Dong Jiaqi , Shi Jintao , Yang Bo-Ru , Qin Zong
Published: August 2023

The combination of augmented reality (AR) and head‐up display (HUD) makes HUD more and more attractive in recent years. In this paper, we propose a dual‐focal‐plane windshield‐type AR‐HUD prototype using a single freeform mirror, then fold the light path by polarization‐related elements to realize a compact volume using a single picture generation unit (PGU). The designed system meets the design specifications with experimental verification.
34‐4: Late‐News Paper: Augmented Information by Graphics Pillar‐to‐Pillar RGB LED Display at the Base of the Windscreen: Design, Measurements & Evaluation
Authors: Eisenhardt Matthias , Reichel Steffen , Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: August 2023

Augmentation is highly valuable for traffic safety in manual drive, builds trust in ADAS functionality and well‐being in autonomous mode. HUDs and transparent displays have limitations. Video‐AR is easiest to implement but unergonomic. We prototyped and evaluated successfully a 150 cm wide graphics RGB LED display at the bottom of the windshield.
35‐2: A kind of Front Light Source Module Adapted to Reflective LCD
Authors: Hou Tingxiu , Chen Xiuyun , Zhong Peng , Wang Guangquan , Cai Site , Shao Xibin , Hao Qianqian , Zhang Ziyan
Published: August 2023

Reflective Liquid Crystal display (RLCD) has the advantage s of low power and lightweight relying on the metal layer in TFT glass to reflect the environment light, developing rapidly in the outdoor display, e‐books, price tag, and sports watch market. However, when the ambient light weaker, RLCD requires an additional light source. Therefore the development of the front light source has become a new research direction. This paper designed a thin front light source adapted to Reflective LCD by using the microstructure to control light angle. Optimize microstructure parameters to improve contrast ratio and light efficiency utilization. The density arrangement of microstructures to achieve the higher uniformity and no moire.
36‐2: Coarse Integral Imaging Displays with Interleaved Fresnel Lenses
Authors: Borjigin Garimagai , Kakeya Hideki
Published: August 2023

This paper realizes coarse integral imaging and coarse integral volumetric imaging displays without seams and moiré, both of which degrade image quality significantly. An integrated interleaved Fresnel lens sheet is used to realize a seamless 3D image with smooth motion parallax, while layered transmissive panels are used to generate a volumetric image without moiré.
38‐4: High Transmittance Mini‐LED panel with Improved See‐through Imaging Quality
Authors: Xu Zhi-Qiang , Liu Dong-Ni , Liu Wei-Xing , Peng Jin-Tao , Wang Xin-Xing , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Xuan Ming-Hua , Chen Xiao-Chuan , Yuan Guang-Cai
Published: August 2023

This work proposes a transparent Mini‐LED panel with high transmittance and inproved see‐through imaging quality. The diffraction is the main reason of see‐through image blurred, and it is related to the arrangement of meteal wires and the phase difference in the transparent region. In order to better match the actual see‐through image and eliminate blur, we propose an optimized simulation method. Based on this method, the pixel design has been changed to improve see‐through imaging quality. In the end, a 11.4inch Mini‐LED display prototype with 65.1% transmittance and low blur is developed.
40‐2: Invited Paper: High Performance p‐Type TFT with Metal Halide Semiconductors
Authors: Kim Myung-Gil
Published: August 2023

To develop high performance p‐type electronic materials, we have investigated about high mobility metal halide semiconductors, such as CuI and CsSnI3. The facile Cu and I vacancy generations in CuI hinder the proper control of electrical properties of CuI. We have developed the mild processing of CuI with solution precursor, which enabled high performance thin‐film transistor (mobility ~2 cm 2 /Vs) and high electrical conductivity ( > 500 S/cm). Moreover, the optimized CsSnI3 TFT exhibit field‐effect hole mobility of over 50 cm 2 /Vs and on/off current ratios exceeding 10 8, as well as high operational stability and reproducibility.
40‐4: Invited Paper: Self‐Aligned Top‐Gate Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O Thin‐Film Transistors with Hafnium‐Induced Source/Drain Regions
Authors: Li Jiye , Zhang Yuqing , Fu Haishi , Yang Huan , Guan Yuhang , Zhang Yuhan , Lu Lei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: August 2023

We demonstrated self‐aligned top‐gate (SATG) amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) where the source/drain (S/D) regions were induced into a low resistance state by first coating a thin hafnium (Hf) film and then performing thermal annealing in oxygen. The experimental results show that the sheet resistance of the Hf‐treated a‐IGZO layer can be as low as 408 Ω/□. The a‐IGZO TFT fabricated in the proposed processes shows excellent electrical performances, such as a field effect mobility of 16.6 cm 2 /V·s, a subthreshold swing of 0.20 V/dec, an on/off current ratio over 10 9, and high stability against electrical stress.
42‐2: Automotive Image Enhancement
Authors: Weindorf Paul , Auger Elijah , Hayden Brian , Totev Danail
Published: August 2023

Automotive display image enhancement may be utilized to enhance display visibility under various lighting environments typically encountered in the automotive cockpit. Image enhancement methods may be combined with automatic luminance control methods to yield a new class of display visibility product.
42‐3: Impact of resolution of image condensation and of matrix BLU on power saving, contrast enhancement and local dimming processor complexity dedicated to automotive applications
Authors: Ayasli Ramazan , Schmidt Maxim , Xu Chihao
Published: August 2023

This paper treats for automotive application the trade‐off between power saving and visual quality enhancement at one side and logic complexity as well as processing speed of local dimming processor at the other side. A key parameter is the resolution of an image condensed which is effectively the input image for the LED optimization. A higher number of condensation cells allows a more detailed consideration of the image given and the shape of the light spread function (LSF) of an LED. On the other hand, more memories are needed, and the processing steps are increased. The number of condensations cells are varied for 3 backlight units (BLU) with 133, 240 and 384 LEDs for a standard automotive display size of 12.3 inches. Power saving rate for a set of automotive HMIs as well as contrast enhancement are calculated. A recommendation for the resolution of image condensation in dependence of the LED resolution of the BLU will be given.
42‐4: Automotive Liquid Crystal Display Using mini‐LED Backlight Managed by Flexible Local Dimming System
Authors: Yamaguchi Noriaki , Kondo Naoko , Miyata Hidekazu , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Yashiki Masafumi
Published: August 2023

The automobile industry is entering a period of major transformation. The shift to EVs, autonomous driving, connectivity to networks, etc., suggest the transformation. Along with this, care must be taken to provide passengers with various information. Therefore, the role played by displays will continue to grow in the future. In addition, the shift to EVs forces the demand for reduce of power consumption more and more severe. In this paper, we propose a liquid crystal module suitable for in‐vehicle monitors that combines a mini‐LED backlight system and a flexible control algorithm.
43‐1: Invited Paper: The Application and Future Development Trend of Oxide Technology in the Meta‐Universe
Authors: Ning Ce , Wang Lizhong , Tong Binbin , Zhang Jinchao , Yuan Guangcai
Published: August 2023

With the rise of concept “meta‐universe”, VR/AR products get more attention currently. This paper introduces the applied oxide technology in ultra‐high resolution VR products and its future development trend. It was investigated how oxide technology become the choice of ultra‐high resolution due to its transparent property. It was also highly researched how to ensure the device characteristics with short channel through adjustment of process route. In the end, the future trend, such as higher mobility and removal of light shield layer, is simply introduces.
43‐2: Distinguished Student Paper: High‐Performance, Coplanar Amorphous IGZO TFTs by Spray Pyrolysis on PI Substrate for Low Cost Manufacturing of Foldable AMOLED Display
Authors: Bae Jinbaek , Ali Arqum , Park Chanju , Jang Jin
Published: August 2023

We report a method for low‐cost deposition of bubble‐free and high‐quality amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) on polyimide (PI) substrate for foldable AMOLED display by spray pyrolysis. The coplanar thin‐film transistor (TFT) with spray‐pyrolyzed (SP) a‐IGZO on PI substrate exhibits VTH of ‐0.8 V, Î¼SAT of 40.95 cm2V‐1s‐1, and SS of 0.18 Vdec‐1 with on/off current ratio of ~108. The TFT shows VTH shift of ‐0.40 V and +0.05 V under tesnsile bending and positive bias temperature stress, respectively. The ring oscillator made of SP a‐IGZO TFTs exhibits an oscillation frequency of 2.38 MHz at VDD of 10 V. The SP a‐IGZO TFT can be used for low‐cost, high‐performance, and flexible display TFT backplanes.
43‐4: Ultra‐High On‐Current Vertical Field‐Effect Transistor with Submicron Channel Length of 0.5 µm Using CAAC‐IGZO
Authors: Nakada Masataka , Jincho Masami , Dobashi Masayoshi , Iguchi Takahiro , Shima Yukinori , Koezuka Junichi , Okazaki Kenichi , Kusunoki Koji , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: August 2023

In this study, an oxide semiconductor vertical field‐effect transistor (VFET) was developed and VFETs with a channel length of 0.5 mm on a glass substrate with small variation were successfully fabricated. This technology enables displays to have high resolution and low power consumption compared with the use of low‐temperature polysilicon.
44‐1: Invited Paper: Review on Time‐Multiplexed Methods for High‐Performance Head‐Mounted Light Field Displays
Authors: Hua Hong , Huang Hekun , Wang Xuan
Published: August 2023

Conventional integral‐imaging based light field displays are often subject to the tradeoffs among spatial resolution, depth of field, view density, and eyebox size. This paper will review several time‐multiplexed methods we recently explored for creating high‐performance head‐mounted light field displays.
44‐2: Viewing Window Extension in Integral Imaging Based Head‐mounted Light Field Displays using Time‐Multiplexed Method
Authors: Huang Cheng-Ting , Hua Hong
Published: August 2023

Conventional integral imaging based head‐mounted light field display systems suffer from a small viewing window to minimize crosstalk artifacts and achieve a balanced optical performance. In this paper, we present a method for expanding the eye‐box size through a time‐multiplexed scheme by using a liquid crystal aperture array.
45‐3: Invited Paper: MicroLED Display Applications and Roadmap of Technology Development by PixeLED Solutions
Authors: Liu Ying-Tsang (Falcon) , Li Yun-Li
Published: August 2023

MicroLED display is an emerging technology with high brightness, high contrast ratio, and wide color gamut. This technology can be used for all current display applications and new scenarios, such as transparent, seamless tiling, and AR glasses for metaverse. Based on our proprietary PixeLED display, PixeLED Matrix, µ‐PixeLED, and SMAR·Tech technologies, we could define the roadmap of MicroLED technology development.
45‐4: MicroLED Display Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Holo Antonin , Dubarry Christophe , Barbosa João-Carlos Lopes , Dupont Muriel , Chabaud Sandrine , Templier François
Published: August 2023

This paper addresses the life cycle assessment of a MicroLED display component: 3D integration of CMOS and active GaN on silicon LED module. Along different life cycle phases of this technology, results explicit the impacts of the CMOS manufacturing flow on one hand and the epitaxy step on the other hand.
46‐2: Invited Paper: Outdoor Displays for Industrial and Digital Signage Applications
Authors: Trica Alexander
Published: August 2023

Outdoor applications integrating displays have expanded significantly during the past few years, as people want information in real‐time regardless of location or weather conditions. However, outdoor use comes with its own set of challenges.
47‐4: Highly Sensitive Lateral Poly‐Si PIN Photodiode by Blue Laser Annealing of 400 nm Amorphous Si for Near Infrared Light Sensing
Authors: Lee Jiseob , Kim Hyunho , Kang Seongbok , Bae Jinbaek , Lee Suhui , Jang Jin
Published: August 2023

We report a novel low‐temperature poly‐Si (LTPS) lateral PIN photodiode fabricated using blue laser annealing (BLA) of amorphous Si. The diode exhibits the low off current density of ~ 2.5×10 ‐5 A/cm 2 in dark and a diode factor of 1.47. Under near‐infrared (850 nm) illumination with a power density of 20 mW/cm 2, the photocurrent increases by 1.5×10 3 times at ‐1 V. In addition, we demonstrate that the generated photocurrent can be effectively amplified by a LTPS oxide (LTPO) operational amplifier, yielding the output signal of 17.60 V. Our results suggest that the proposed LTPS‐based photodiode has a great potential for applications in highly sensitive optoelectronic devices.
48‐1: Invited Paper: Oxide Semiconductor Thin‐Film Transistors with Deep Submicron Channel Fabricated with Hyperlithography
Authors: Sung Chihun , Nam Sooji , Cho Sung Haeng
Published: August 2023

We propose and present in detail the new method to enable the deep submicron channel length in oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors with conventional lithographic tool in large‐area substrates. Up till now we succeeded in fabricating the oxide thin‐ film transistors with 60 nm channel length with the performance of ~300 µA/µm at a drain bias of 1.5 V, and gate bias of 2 V, ION/IOFF larger than 109, subthreshold swing of 100 mV/dec, and turn‐on voltage of about ‐0.47 V . We hope that our technique will contribute to open a new era as a backplane technology for transparent ultra‐high‐resolution displays such as hologram, AR, and/or XR.
48‐3: In‐Ga‐Zn‐O Synaptic Transistor with 1 µm Channel Length for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Park Junhyeong , Jang Yuseong , Lee Jinkyu , Lee Soo-Yeon
Published: August 2023

In this paper, indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide synaptic transistors with different channel lengths ranging from 2 μm to 1 μm were demonstrated. Channel scaling effect on synaptic behaviors such as long‐term depression and long‐term potentiation was investigated. A spiking neural network simulation was conducted to verify our synaptic transistor with a channel length of 1 μm, achieving high classification accuracy of 98.05%.
48‐4: Late‐News Paper: Evaluation of a‐IGZO Channel Characteristics to Improve the Performance of Oxide TFT
Authors: Kim Bohwa , Lee Sunwoo , Han Jeabum , Yeon Kiyoung , Ahn Nari
Published: August 2023

In this study, the difference in electrical characteristics between the front channel and the back channel of an a‐IGZO oxide semiconductor TFT was revealed, and the cause was explained as an experimental result. It was confirmed that the front channel, which has higher mobility than the back channel, has an In‐rich layer and has a relatively low trap density. In conclusion, it was clarified that the In‐rich layer of the front channel improves device stability and reliability characteristics.
49‐3: Invited Paper: Tetradentate Pt Complexes for Efficient and Stable Blue OLEDs
Authors: Ameri Lydia , Klimes Kody , Seeglitz Aden , Li Jian
Published: August 2023

In this report we discuss the development of blue OLEDs employing tetradentate platinum complexes, which demonstrated a blue OLED with an external quantum efficiency of 17.6% and an estimated LT90 lifetime of close to 600h at 1000 nits.
49‐4: Novel Composition of Black Bank for OLED
Authors: Kim Junki , Seo HanWook , Jeon SeoJeong , Lee Yeonsu , Lee Changmin
Published: August 2023

The black colored bank in the back plane of OLED provides not only fine pixels but also high outdoor visibility due to prevention the reflected extraneous light from the lower metal electrode. It has been applied to polarizer‐free panels and commercialized. Lower reflectance of black bank is important for high performance in polarizer‐free panel and many studies are in progress. We present a novel compositional black bank containing a tetraaza porphyrine dye (TAP) with high optical density. The TAP dye shows strong absorption near 550 nm and low reflectance, improving outdoor visibility of display.
50‐2: Optical Decoration Film
Authors: Hong Cyun-Tai , Kuo Chen-Kuan , Cheng Chung-Yuan , Xu Wei-Feng
Published: August 2023

We propose a new patterned circular polarizer called Optical Decoration Film (ODF), in addition to the solution of reducing the reflectivity of OLED displays, the patterned design can be used as a decorative board when the panel is not driven. ODF is mainly used in the automotive field, and can produce various decorative effects according to demand. The proposed method has little effect on brightness and does not affect the image quality.
50‐4: Late‐News Paper: Multi‐domain Retarders for Eliminating Off‐axis Reflection Color Differences in Automotive OLED Displays
Authors: Lee Hyun Wook , Ha Jin Uk , Baek Jong‐Min , Lee Jae Yong , Jung Seung Jae , Choi Tae‐Hoon
Published: August 2023

A two‐domain quarter‐wave retarder is employed as one layer of the circular polarizer to compensate for the retardation dependent on the incident angles. The reflective color differences of the panel between normal and oblique directions can be completely eliminated in an ambient light environment because of the effects of the multi‐domain retarder.
51‐1: Distinguished Paper: High Precision and High Stability Inkjet Printing Technology for QD Color Converter‐type Micro LEDs Display
Authors: Yoshida Hidehiro , Nakatani Shuhei , Usui Yukiya , Wakabayashi Daisuke , Ohtsuka Futoshi
Published: August 2023

This paper proposed the inkjet head and the equipment. To realize high resolution printing with QD ink, we had to overcome the problem of robust inkjet head for QD particles. We proposed the inkjet head to eject high viscosity ink and the ink circulation system to avoid aggregation. Also, we proposed the DPN technology for high resolution printing. By combining the inkjet head technology and the equipment technology, we demonstrated QD color converter‐type Micro LEDs display panels.
52‐1: Ultracompact Virtual Reality System
Authors: Zou Junyu , Luo Zhenyi , Rao Yi , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate an ultracompact virtual reality (VR) system with thickness of about 1‐cm. In this system, the imaging optics consists of a lenslet array, a deflector array, and a Pancharatnam‐Berry deflector (PBD). We have experimentally demonstrated a polarization interpolation configuration to reduce the system thickness by nearly 50%.
54‐1: Invited Paper: Through OLED‐Display Proximity Sensing
Authors: Cai Wenrui , Glazowski Chris , Yan Lu , Rieutort‐Louis Warren , Roudbari Abbas Jamshidi , Boo Hyun , Holland Peter , Winkler Mark
Published: August 2023

Integrating a proximity sensor behind an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display increases usable display area but introduces multiple design challenges. We discuss solutions that enable behind‐display proximity sensing in iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone 14 Pro Max.
55‐3: Invited Paper: From Smallest AR Glasses to Mainstream Display Projection — Latest Advances of Visible LED and Laser Solutions
Authors: Haneder Stephan , Rommen Florian , Unterburger Martin , Morgott Stefan , Schulz Benjamin
Published: August 2023

Solid state light sources for projection displays have shown tremendous progress over the recent years. Their application usage is ranging from low luminance near to eye projection for augmented reality glasses to mainstream projectors. This presentation will share some of the latest progresses for laser and LEDs for Near‐to‐eye (NTE) displays and will describe important design challenges such as package integration and power efficiency. Besides, High Current LEDs are further pushing the limits and bring LED based projection light engines on eye‐to‐eye brightness level with lamp & laser‐based systems ranging up to 5,000 ANSI lumens.
56‐2: Invited Paper: World's First 1 Hz Driving Fringe‐Field Switching (FFS) LCD for Power Saving
Authors: Baek Seung‐Hwa , Jung Jong‐Wook , Park Hee‐Jung , Lee Dong‐Jin , Park Sun‐Mi , Kwon Ki‐Sun , Jin Heui‐Seok , Park HanByeol , Lee DaYeon , Kim MinSu , Lee Seung Hee
Published: August 2023

Here, we demonstrate world's first 1 Hz driving fringe‐field switching (FFS) LCD via development of low flexoelectric coefficient LCs with high voltage holding ratio (VHR). The evaluation of the 1 Hz driving 13.4‐inch FFS LCD laptop panel shows no flicker, and the power consumption is reduced by 83% compared to the 60 Hz driving. We believe this result opens a new chapter of FFS LCDs for low‐power consumption.
56‐4: Exploration of Ultra‐Large Size 16K High Resolution Technology
Authors: Li Chunyu , Lin Xin , Hu Pei , Hu Bo , Wang Jianshu , Wang Wenchao , Xu Xu , Fang Xin , Zhou Rong , Liao Yanping , Lee Seungmin , Wang Baoqiang , Lin Lifeng , Park Sangjin
Published: August 2023

For the technology development of super‐sized 110 inch 16K high resolution Panel, we first evaluated the process route, compared and analyzed the ADS, i‐ADS and HADS+ORG (organic film) three pixel display modes, and selected the HADS+ORG (organic film) display mode. On the basis of analyzing the load of Panel, We evaluated the driving capability from two aspects: GOA driver and Source driver. Next, on the existing products 110 "8K (similar charging rate) and 55" 8K (same PPI), the picture quality of 110 "16K was simulated and evaluated. Meanwhile, Array splicing exposure and CF splicing exposure were analyzed respectively, and the ultra‐high PPI splicing Mura was evaluated. By exploring the development of 110‐inch 16K technology, it lays a foundation for the design of future super‐sized high‐resolution products.
57‐1: Accelerating Next‐Generation Display Materials Development with a Smart Digital Chemistry Platform
Authors: Winget Paul , Kwak Shaun , Abroshan Hadi , Dub Pavel A. , Giesen Dave , Mustard Thomas J. , Cao Yixiang , Brown Christopher T. , Halls Mathew D.
Published: August 2023

This work discusses how some of Schrödinger's latest innovations in digital chemical simulation accelerate materials discovery in displays. We will describe simulation tools to explore OLED materials degradation, film morphology from evaporative and solution molecular deposition, spectral predictions for light‐emitting processes, and excited state energy transfer.
58‐1: Research on 360 Degree Folding AMOLED Display and Optimization Design of Terminal Product By FEA
Authors: Sun Baofeng , Xu Linlin , Zhou Pengfei , Zhang Chong , Cue Yue , Chu Shangchieh , Zhou Yonghong , Zhang Song , Shi Shiming , Wang Dawei
Published: August 2023

Aimed at in‐foldable and out‐foldable mobile phone terminal products on the market, a new 360 ° folding terminal scheme which integrates in & out‐foldable is proposed to realize three application modes: in‐fold portable, out‐fold mobile phone and large screen display. According to the application concept of product, the 360 degree hinge and flexible screen have been developed with U‐shaped out‐fold and water‐drop shaped in‐fold. Based on the finite element method, the mechanical simulation model of flexible screen is established, and the modeling method is programmed which is applied to practical engineering test. Based on Lagrange equation and multi‐body system dynamics theory, a system‐level simulation model of rigid‐flexible coupling of 360‐degree folding terminal is established to solve the complex kinematics and dynamic problems, and to achieve the optimal design of each functional module in the mechanism. Combined with the monomer bending test of the flexible screen, the simulation and test results show good consistency. The screen module pass 360 ° bending for 100000 times which verifies the correctness and universality of the scheme of 360 ° folding mechanism.
59‐1: Low Reflection Material Design and the Application in the LCD Panel
Authors: Kim Chang Eun , Lee Jinuk , Yoon Sang Soon , Kwak Taehyoung , Park Kwon‐Shik , Yoon Soo‐Young
Published: August 2023

Based on optical simulation, the low reflection material is designed to reduce the reflection of Cu electrode. When the low reflection layer has the optimal extinction coefficient and thickness, the reflectance of Cu electrode and panel are decreased to 80% and 24% than reference by the absorption and antireflection effect.
60‐1: Invited Paper: Emerging microdisplay technologies for AR/VR applications
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Qian Yizhou , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: August 2023

LCD and OLED are presently the two dominating microdisplays for VR headsets. How to achieve high resolution density for wide field of view and eliminating the screen‐door effect, while keeping low power consumption remains a major challenge. For ultracompact and lightweight AR displays, micro‐LED, OLED‐on‐silicon, MEMS, laser beam scan, and front‐lit LCoS are strong contenders. To reduce the required display brightness for low power consumption, and to enable occlusion effect, a segmented smart dimmer is a viable approach. The pros and cons of each approach will be analyzed.
62‐1: Distinguished Student Paper: Ultraviolet Photodetectors and Readout Based on a‐IGZO Semiconductor Technology
Authors: Schellander Yannick , Winter Marius , Schamber Maurice , Munkes Fabian , Schalberger Patrick , Kuebler Harald , Pfau Tilman , Fruehauf Norbert
Published: August 2023

In this work real‐time ultraviolet photodetectors are realized through metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) structures. Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) is used as semiconductor material and gold as metal electrodes. The readout of an individual sensor is implemented by a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) consisting of an allenhancement a‐IGZO thin film transistor (TFT) operational amplifier and a switched capacitor (SC) as feedback resistance. The photosensor and the transimpedance amplifier are both manufactured on glass substrates. The measured photosensor possesses a high responsivity R, a low response time tRES and a good noise equivalent power value NEP.
63‐1: Integrated ultra‐thin direct‐lit LCD backlight using glass components
Authors: Park Seung‐yong , Lee Young‐suk , Kim Joon‐soo , Moon Byung‐doo , Moon Hyung‐soo , Orsley Timothy J. , Joo Byung‐yun , Kuksenkov Dmitri V.
Published: August 2023

In this paper we present the results of development of a backlight in which a single glass plate serves as both a light guide and a core of the printed circuit delivering current to the mini‐LED light sources. The backlight integrates a patterned glass diffuser (PGD) and a glass printed circuit board (GCB). The integrated backlight has the advantages of exceptional thinness, reduced component count and weight, very low thermal expansion, fixed registration, and improved heat dissipation, making it uniquely suitable for portable displays such as those in tablet or laptop computers. An early prototype had a total thickness of 2.5 mm and demonstrated luminance uniformity better than 98.5%. In the future versions, we project that the thickness can be further reduced to 1.5 mm, while keeping all the advantages of direct‐lit backlights including high luminance and local dimming capability.
63‐2: Nano‐wire Grid Polarizer and Meta‐surface Textures Integrated High Efficient and Single Polarized Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Meng Xianqin , Li Zhongxiao , Lai Yun , Peng Weiting , Wang Mingxing , Jiao Zhiqiang , Wang Wei , Liu Sha , Liang Pengxia , Ma Shiqing , Chen Xiaochuan , Wang Dan , Dong Xue
Published: August 2023

A low power consumption is an essential issue for all of the electrical products, especially for the wearable electrical products, and the liquid crystal displays. This manuscript proposed a single polarized light emitting diode (LED) chip which is used for a direct back light unit for LCD. A wire grid polarizer and a meta‐surface textures are set on the top and bottom of the LED chip in order to obtain a high polarization and transparency. After optimization the potential parameters, the transmittance of TM and the polarization are 93.71% and 99.3% respectively. It can replace the normal LED of direct back light unit in order to obtain a high efficiency of 20% improvement, by comparing liquid crystal display using the APF polarizer. It can be used for reducing power consumption and supply dependence, as well as the cost of displays.
63‐3: A Small Aspect Ratio High Voltage Mini LED Solution for Glass‐Based MLED Backlighting
Authors: Yang Shan Wei , Jia Li Li , Hao Yu Tao , Shi Ling Yun , Sun Hai Wei , Chen Ming
Published: August 2023

In order to improve the cost‐effectiveness of COG Mini LED backlight products, this paper proposes a small aspect ratio high‐voltage Mini LED solution. This solution reduces the Cu thick traces of the glass substrate by means of high‐voltage driving, thereby reducing the cost of BP. At the same time, with the structure design of 1:1 aspect ratio, it can effectively reduce the die‐bonding skew and improve the product yield. At present, the solution has been verified many times with MNT products, which proves the feasibility of the solution and plays an important role in promoting COG Mini LED products to seize the MLED industry opportunities.
63‐4: A New Single X‐Wire Active Matrix mini‐LED backlight with Motion Blur Reduction for LCD TVs
Authors: Ji Hansai , Geng Di , Lim Youngjin , Yan Chenghui , Wang Feng , Fang Qing , Li Jinle , Li Zhiguo , Li Ling
Published: August 2023

We have developed a high‐image‐quality 85‐inch 4K HDR LCD display with 2,304 dimming zones using single X‐wire AM mini‐LED backlight unit with motion blur and residual image reduction technology. Our latest work includes the proposed new single X‐wire AM driving method, consists of one matrix controller (DCON) and X‐wires of mini‐LED driver ICs (dimmers), which eliminates extra scanning, sensing lines and pixel/source driver IC using adjustable addressing dimming method, the flexible layout makes the display size easier to expand with low cost, and the H‐scan driving method which is designed for reducing motion blur and residual image using a scanning black frame insertion technology to improve display quality. The proposed mini‐LED BLU can save about 9% power consumption compared to conventional one in normal display.
65‐3: Kinetic Pathways of Excitons and Polarons Governing Device Degradation in Exciplex‐Forming Co‐Host‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Kyung Hyung , Kim Jae‐Min , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: August 2023

The exciplex‐forming cohost with thermally activated delayed fluorescence characteristic has been used for achieving a long operational lifetime and high efficiency in phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). In this work, the intrinsic polaron dynamics in the device are comprehensively investigated in terms of the polaron and exciton behaviors through the numerical simulation with transient electroluminescence (EL). Furthermore, the degradation mechanism generated by bimolecular interaction is investigated by considering the reduction of the luminance and voltage rising. As a result, the polaron, exciton, and recombination coefficient could be quantified via numerical simulation. Based on this, it is revealed that suppressing the exciton‐polaron interaction is crucial to improving the long operational lifetime in exciplex‐forming cohost based PHOLEDs.
66‐1: Invited Paper: Flexible Yet Robust Cover Window with Enhanced Bending Stiffness
Authors: Jeong Yong‐Cheol , Kim Do‐Gwan , Kim Hyeongjung
Published: August 2023

In this study, we present a flexible but robust cover window with enhanced bending stiffness. Flexible yet wear‐resistant surface protection material is selectively coated on the folding area. Meanwhile, hardcoating material of high indentation modulus is covered on rigid parts. We study the optical properties, surface hardness, and folding reliability of cover window samples.
66‐2: Highly Transparent, Colorless Optical Film with Outstanding Mechanical Strength and Folding Reliability Using Mismatched Charge‐Transfer Complex Intensification
Authors: Hong Sung Woo , Lee Sung Koo , Bae Seunghwan , Kim Youngwoong
Published: August 2023

This study describes a novel colorless polyimide window film using the concept of charge‐transfer complex (CTC) intensification. The resulting film has a tensile modulus of 8.4 GPa, total transmittance of ≈90%, and yellow index below 3. This is the best‐recorded balance between mechanical strength and optical properties for a highly flexible optical film. Additionally, the film exhibits a pencil hardness grade over 2H and folding reliability over 200,000 folding/unfolding cycles. These outstanding properties are attributed to the unique supramolecular structure, which features multiple hydrogen bonding and salt complexation interactions that lead to CTC intensification.
66‐4: Late‐News Paper: Z Type Multi‐Foldable AMOLED for High Durability and Superior Foldability
Authors: Choi Suk , Lee Kyu ho , Kang Sin cheol , Nam Cheol , park Yong in , Yang Joon young
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we have developed Z‐type Multi‐Foldable AMOLED (ZMFA) for high durability and foldability. These properties are achieved by optimized Neutral plane of module stack. We also optimized module stack and layer materials for durability. In this paper, We will show panel characteristic of 8.97inch multi‐foldable (Z type) displays which 200k in & out folding cycles with inner folding 1.5R and Outer folding 4.0R Also, dent 6H@300gf and pen tracing (1.4 km@ 200gf)
67‐1: Laser Process for Full Screen OLED Displays
Authors: Oh Eonseok , Sung Taehyun , Seo Jungjoon , Song Jehyun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a new process technology for full screen OLED display is presented, and this process targets premium smartphones using laser process. We have developed a laser patterning process that removes the EL material and cathode for the front screen of a smartphone. Punch‐hole display and UDC (Under Display Camera) have been successfully implemented using this technology, and it is expected that the degree of freedom in design will be improved through this process.
67‐2: Adoption of Blue Light Semiconductor Laser Diode (BLDA) in LTPS TFT Manufacturing
Authors: Yang Y. , Kinoshita M. , Okuno T. , Hashizume M. , Saito K. , Sawai T. , Gotoh J. , Sugimoto S.
Published: August 2023

We have investigated adoption of CW blue laser diode annealing (BLDA) in manufacturing process of LTPS TFT backplane. Our experiments have shown that except crystallization annealing, BLDA can be adopted in dehydrogenation of precursor amorphous silicon film, and also can be used in the activation after ion implantation. By using BLDA dehydrogenation of H2 content as high as 20% can be implemented. In the activation, BLDA can achieve surface resistance much lower than using conventional RTA.
68‐1: Invited Paper: A Waveguide‐type Retinal Scan AR Display with Pupil Expansion System
Authors: Yoshikaie Akira , Ohki Kenji , Ogawa Yusuke , Funakiri Atsushi , Seno Katsunori , Abe Kuniya , Ando Masahiro , Nakano Satoshi , Ogawa Ryo
Published: August 2023

We have developed a full‐color retinal scan AR display presenting a focus‐free image with a novel pupil switching system featuring a holographic lens array on multiple waveguide optics. The display demonstrated a stereoscopic image with 50° diagonal field of view and 5.0‐mm eyebox.
68‐2: Distinguished Student Paper: Design optimization of polarization volume gratings for full‐color waveguide‐based AR displays
Authors: Ding Yuqiang , Li Yannanqi , Yang Qian , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: August 2023

We achieved the field of view (FoV) limit in a single full‐color waveguide, enabled by an optimized three‐layer polarization volume grating (PVG) as an in‐coupler. Pairing with a single‐layer PVG with small thickness as an out‐coupler, we realized a relatively uniform exit pupil of 6 mm in horizontal direction.
68‐3: A Multi‐focal Waveguide Near‐eye Display Based on a Tunable Pancharatnam‐Berry Phase Lens
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Yan , Yan Zekun , Su Yikai , Liu Shuxin
Published: August 2023

A multi‐focal waveguide near‐eye display (WNED) system for augmented reality (AR) based on a tunable Pancharatnam‐Berry (PB) phase lens. The tunable lens is made of a stack of switchable PB lens elements which can be switched on and off by voltage. Combined with a waveguide display module, a prototype of the WNED system with images generated at different depths is demonstrated.
70‐1: Antenna‐on‐Display (AoD) for Smartphones: Role, Main Requirements, and Promising Antenna Evolution
Authors: Huang Huan-Chu
Published: August 2023

The paper insightfully, systematically, and comprehensively discusses and presents the role, main requirements, and promising antenna evolution of AoD for smartphones, which is beneficial to inspire the future researches and developments on AoD.