bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assay of Indole Acetic Acid-producing bacteria isolated from several lakes in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sulistya Sulistya Ika Ramadhani , Sitoresmi Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas , Agung Agung Witjoro , Rina Rina Triturani Saptawati , Achmad Achmad Rodiansyah
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Ramadhani SI, Prabaningtyas S, Witjoro A, Saptawati TR, Rodiansyah A. 2020. Quantitative assay of Indole Acetic Acid-producing bacteria isolated from several lakes in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5448-5454. Biofuel is an alternative to fossil fuels that are environmentally friendly with low emissions. Biofuel from biomass microalgae, especially Chlorella vulgaris, has an essential role in biofuel production. Increasing biomass microalgae was done by co-culture between microalgae and bacteria. This research aims to determine the potential of bacterial isolates to produce the IAA hormone and identify the highest isolate with the ability to synthesis IAA from four lakes in East Java. This research was conducted by culturing bacterial isolates in the Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) to add tryptophan media in various periods of incubation. The absorbance was measured with UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 530 nm for determining IAA-production from bacterial isolates. The results showed that the "12" code bacterial isolate from Ranu Grati produced the highest IAA hormone concentration, with an average of 30.23 ppm. The morphological characterization of the highest IAA-producing bacteria showed that isolate included the Enterobacteriaceae group and phenotypic characterization include Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC).
Orchid diversity in a logging concession in Tabalong District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: PUSPITANINGTYAS DWI MURTI
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Puspitaningtyas DM. 2020. Orchid diversity in a logging concession in Tabalong District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5455-5464. Borneo is the third largest island in the world, and considered the "island of orchids" since it has approximately 2.500-3.000 species of orchids, equivalent to 10% of the orchids in the world. The aim of the research was to study orchid diversity in a logging concession in the village of Dambung Raya, Ara Bintang Sub-district, Tabalong District, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. This research also collected living specimens of orchid to be grown in Bogor Botanic Gardens, West Java, Indonesia, and Banua Botanic Gardens, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The orchid inventory was carried out using explorative method. The study recorded 64 species of epiphyte orchids and one species of terrestrial orchid, altogether belong to 27 genera. Some interesting orchid species found in this area included Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume, Coelogyne spp. (C. motleyi Rolfe ex J.J.Wood, D.A.Clayton & C.L.Chan, C. foerstermannii Rchb.f., C. rochussenii de Vriese, C. pandurata Lindl.), Acriopsis spp., Pteroceras teres (Blume) Holttum, Thrixspermum raciborskii J.J.Sm. subsp. brevipollinium P. O'Byrne & A. Ent., Thecostele alata (Roxb.) EC Parish & Rchb.f., and Liparis pallida (Blume) Lindl. Orchid endemic to Borneo found in this area were Coelogyne motleyi Rolfe ex JJ Wood, DA Clayton & CL Chan, and Cleisostoma brachystachys (Ridl.) Garay.
Short Communication: Density and length-weight relationship of mudskipper (Periophthalmus spp.) in the mangrove area of Kairatu Beach, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Taniwel Diana , Leiwakabessy Fredy , Rumahlatu Dominggus -
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Taniwel D, Leiwakabessy F, Rumahlatu D. 2020. Short Communication: Density and length-weight relationship of mudskipper (Periophthalmus spp.) in the mangrove area of Kairatu Beach, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5465-5473. Mudskippers (genus Periophthalmus) fish species inhabit mudflat, sandy beaches, and mangrove areas. Their daily activities are influenced by tidal rhythms. The aim of this research was to identify the species of mudskipper, their density, and length-weight relationship of more density species in the mangrove area of ​​Kairatu beach, Maluku, Indonesia. This research was conducted from July to August 2018, 3 sampling sites using purposive sampling technique. The physical-chemical parameters of environmental conditions (temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and pH of water) were measured directly on location (in-situ), while the different mudskippers species present in the study sites were identified in the laboratory at the Pattimura University. Quantitative data on population density and length and weight of individuals were obtained for four Periophthalmus species. The physical-chemical parameters of environmental conditions in the three sampling stations were within the range of optimal values previously obtained for mudskipper species. The temperatures ranged from 30.01-30.05 oC, the dissolved oxygen ranged from 7.1-7.5 mg/L, the pH ranged from 7.3-7.5, and the salinity ranged from 5-7 ‰. The four mudskippers species identified in the sampling sites were (in density descending order): Periophthalmus argentilineatus (5.05 ind/m2), P. gracilis (1.5 ind/m2), P. malaccensis (0.4 ind/m2) and P. kalolo (0.3 ind/m2). The results of the regression analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between physical-chemical parameters to mudskipper density. The results of the length-weight relationship of the two most abundant species P. argentilineatus and P. gracilis a negative allometric length-weight relationship (b<3), while the P. kalolo and P. malaccensis indicated a positive allometric growth type (b>3).
Globalização como Problema: Temas de Estudos Globais
Authors: Franco José Eduardo , Caetano João Relvão
Published: November 2020

Este livro é o primeiro de uma série de livros que resultam das conferências preparadas no âmbito do Seminário Internacional de Estudos Globais, uma iniciativa conjunta da Universidade Aberta, através da Cátedra FCT Infante Dom Henrique para os Estudos Insulares Atlânticos e a Globalização, com a Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, no período de 2015 a 2019, e que, depois disso, continuou como projeto conjunto da Universidade Aberta, através da Cátedra de Estudos Globais, com a Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
É um projeto assumidamente alinhado com a defesa de uma globalização de rosto humano, ao serviço das pessoas e da democracia.
As conferências que agora se publicam são da autoria de prestigiados investigadores portugueses e de outros países em variadas áreas do saber. Na verdade, é um compromisso científico, cultural e cívico com o saber humano total. As conferências agora publicadas inscrevem-se basicamente no vasto domínio das Ciências Sociais e Humanas, abordando assuntos de história, literatura, política, língua, cultura, arte e epistemologia da globalização.
Melatonin Supplementation in Children: A Narrative Review of Indications, Safety, and Potential Long-Term Effects
Authors: Hydzik Heather
Published: November 2020

Insomnia and sleep disturbance are common in children and adolescents. Parents and medical providers often wonder whether melatonin supplementation is a safe choice in these age groups. Small-scale studies suggest that long-term melatonin supplementation safely and effectively treats sleep onset insomnia in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Documented side effects have been minimal and relatively benign. This paper is a brief review of the clinical indications, side effects, and potential long-term implications of supplementing melatonin in children.
Determinants of unemployment duration for young men and women in Tunisia
Authors: Kriaa Farouk , Mohamed Bouhari , Mathlouthi Yamina
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates the impact of individual characteristics (gender, age, education level, and marital status) and regional influences on unemployment duration of young in Tunisia using data from the Panel Study of Tunisia Labor Market 2014 (TLMPS 2014). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the survival function are presented (used) to analyze the determinants of unemployment duration. Results point (out) significant differences between men and women in the difficulty of getting a first job. These differences consist mainly in the following points. First, education appears as a highly positive factor in reducing the duration of unemployment, particularly for women. Second, the rural – urban gap continues to be significant in this context. Third, residents of regions with higher unemployment rates, all else equal, have longer duration of unemployment. In all regions, women have relatively longer duration of unemployment. Fourth, the unemployed persons from the age group 25-30 years have a higher probability of remaining unemployed. Fifth, married women have significantly longer duration than married men before finding jobs. These results may be useful and can improve the implementation of adequate policies on the Labor market of Tunisia by identifying vulnerable groups of persons that look for employment.
A study on the effects of COVID–19 pandemic on Nigerian seafarers
Authors: Okeleke Uka John , Aponjolosun Moses Olatunde
Published: November 2020

There is no doubt that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted negatively on global shipping and the effects are also being felt in the Nigerian shipping industry. Through review of extant literature, the effects of COVID-19 on Nigerian shipping industry with specific focus on port operations and Nigerian seafarers were examined. The findings revealed that lock down of the economy  and restriction of movements in Nigeria presented a challenging situation for stakeholders in the shipping industry to fulfill their contractual obligations, import and export operations are hampered , Nigerian seafarers are mentally and psychologically disturbed as a result of lack of social support and extension of contract beyond the agreed contractual term with exhausting workload onboard with little or no support from the management who are more concerned about contract execution than the welfare of the crew onboard. However, it was recommended that living and working conditions of Nigerian seafarers onboard in this pandemic era should be given utmost attention by applying practical and pragmatic approach on issues bordering on facilitation of crew change, resupply, repairs, survey and certification and licensing of seafarers.
Mobility market transformation – how mobility as a service based on open source principles will impact the ecosystem
Authors: Gambetta Ralph , Baric Danijela
Published: November 2020

Following the growing world population and associated need for increased transportation, there is a growing interest in some aspects of transport such as sustainability, to reduce CO2 emissions and reach climate objectives. Modern urban living is rapidly changing with new technological innovations, one of which is the possibility to integrate different electronic “on demand” services into one single medium. Public transport users need innovative, multi-applicative, multi-functional, safe and secure ticketing systems, easy to use. Concept of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) as an integration of various forms of transport services into a single mobility service accessible on demand is a new way of thinking about public transport. This paper focuses on mobility market transformation with main question how Mobility as a Service based on open source principles will impact the ecosystem.
TO THE THEORETICAL ISSUE OF DEFINING THE INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGION
Authors: Kovaleva I. V. , Semina L. A.
Published: November 2020

The problems of economic security of the region in the current economic environment are relevant, as changes in the economic system affect the behavior of economic entities. The economic security of organizations, which represents the level of protection of the enterprise from threats to the external environment, is an important condition for the effective activities of business entities. Therefore, ensuring economic security involves conducting economic rapid diagnostics of the enterprise, researching factors that influence the efficiency of the organization. At the same time, an important element of the strategic nature is the level of localization of resources, territorial-production factor, and level of investment activity. Modern Russian and Western economists see localization as a strategy to enter international markets by placing production of goods and services. As a rule, the decisive factors are labor, natural resources, investment climate, and consumer demand for products. Analysis of different approaches to local market definition has shown that the authors use separate approaches and methods in market research, taking into account some factors and not taking into account others. As a result, it seems necessary to study the local market in terms of the totality of market and production, distribution and consumption, which will allow perceiving it as economic local mechanism. Keywords: local, territory, factor, organization, development.
RISKS AND THREATS OF THE ALTAI REGION ECONOMY AND SOCIAL SPHERE ADAPTATION TO CHANGES IN THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Trotskovsky А. Ya. , Sergienko A. M. , Rodionova L. V.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the regional socio-economic systems' reactions to changes in national macroeconomic parameters. The features of the agro-industrial regions' economy and social sphere adaptation are revealed. The main problems of the development of agro-industrial regions, characterized by peripheral position, are disclosed. The characteristic of restrictions, risks and threats to their development is given. On the example of the Altai Territory, an attempt to comprehensively consider key challenges to the development of the region.

In the field of economics, the following are identified as threats:

— de-industrialization of the region economy;

— limited reproductive capabilities;

— a significantly deeper fall in labor productivity compared with Russia;

— lack of conditions for ensuring modernization and qualitative changes in the region economy.

The three most acute problems in the sphere of population incomes are outlined: low income level; insufficient growth rates; poverty and excessive income inequality.

The most important demographic risks of the sustainable development of the Altai Territory are revealed: population reduction, aging, and imbalances in resettlement.
Nemzetközi marketing az átalakuló világban
Authors: Józsa László
Published: November 2020

A nemzetközi marketing a marketingtudomány dinamikusan változó része. Rekettye professzor cikkben összegezte gondolatait e tudományterület fejlődéséről és fontosságáról. Cikke egyértelműen fogalmaz, ám néhány fontos kérdés tárgyalására nem kerített sort. E reagáló cikkben a szerző a nemzetközi marketing és a világgazdaság, a demográfiai változások és a technológiai kihívások kapcsolatát elemezte, bemutatva, hogy e tényezők miként befolyásolják a nemzetközi marketing szerepét, jelentőségét, jövőjét, s ezzel kiegészítette az eredeti cikk gondolatait.
Új megoldások a fogyasztói magatartás tendenciáinak vizsgálatára
Authors: Prónay Szabolcs
Published: November 2020

Törőcsik Mária "A fogyasztói magatartás új tendenciái" című munkájában egy átfogó betekintést ad a posztmodern fogyasztói társadalomba. E világban a dinamikusan változó környezethez alkalmazkodni igyekvő, vágyai és félelmei által vezérelt fogyasztó képe rajzolódik ki, akit folyamatos megfelelni és megmutatni akarás, valamint a József Attila-i „elvegyültem és kiváltam” érzés jellemez. A szerző jelen tanulmányában további szempontokkal kívánja kiegészíteni a Törőcsik Mária megállapításait, így közelebb jutva az általa feltett kérdések megválaszolásához. E célból a fogyasztói magatartás nemzetközi szakirodalmi trendjeit veti össze Törőcsik megállapításaival, illetve egy új fogyasztói trendkutatási eszköz, a Google Trends alkalmazását mutatja be. Teszi ezt azzal a szándékkal, hogy Törőcsik gondolatait alátámassza, illetve kiegészítse az általa meghatározott célrendszerhez igazodóan, miszerint: "Tegyünk most kísérletet arra, hogy a marketinggondolkodás jellemzőit, a kutatók publikációs tevékenységének sűrűsödési pontjait, a gyakorlat megoldásra váró kérdéseit és reakcióit vegyük sorra."
Therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate and its metabolites in the red blood cells and mononuclear cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gridneva G. I. , Muravyev Yu. V. , Baimeeva N. V. , Sygyrta V. S. , Glukhova S. I. , Guseva I. A. , Samarkina E. Yu. , Aronova E. S. , Kudryavtseva A. V.
Published: November 2020

Objective: to assess the time course of changes in the concentration of methotrexate (MTX) and its main metabolites in the red blood cells (RBC) and mononuclear cells (MNC) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), by taking into account individual characteristics (age, statin therapy, and smoking).

Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 33 MTX-treated patients (mean age 53.2±11.7 years) with RA, who underwent therapeutic drug monitoring to measure the RBC and MNC concentrations of free MTX and MTX polyglutamates (MTXPGs) with 2, 3, and 4 glutamate residues (MTXPG 2–4) in using tandem chromatomass spectrometry after 4, 12, and 24 weeks of therapy.

Results and discussion. Following 12 weeks, the concentration of MTXPG4 in the MNC was higher in patients taking statins, while that of MTX and MTXPG2 in the RBC were significantly lower than in smokers. At 24 weeks, older patients were observed to have a higher MTX level and a lower MTXPG4 concentration in the RBC.

Conclusion. After 24 weeks of therapy, the RBC concentration of MTPG4 was lower and that of MTX was higher in older patients than in others, which confirms data on a slower MTX metabolism in the elderly. The use of statins is likely to have a positive impact on the accumulation of MTXPG. There is a statistically significantly lower RBC concentration of MTXPG in at 12 weeks of therapy.
UniCollaboration plenary session
Authors: Ballester Rodrigo
Published: November 2020

To speak about virtual exchange, I can give you some key words which we are going to elaborate for the next 45 minutes: 'terrorist attacks', 'Bataclan', and other such words. I can also speak about the teachers' views, the fact that teachers today need more motivation, social acknowledgement, and prestige. I also mean to speak about digital skills and the myths around them, starting with 'digital natives'; an expression we use so quickly that falls short of our expectations. Virtual exchange is also about mobility.
Developing an online course on virtual exchange for teachers: a reflection on the design and implementation
Authors: Konstantinidis Angelos
Published: November 2020

Virtual Exchanges (VEs) are flourishing yet there are still few courses in higher education that offer in-service teachers the fundamental theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to organize and conduct a telecollaborative project in their own educational settings. This paper aims to provide a resource to teacher educators and course designers who seek to design a course on VEs in higher or post-secondary education. Through reflective practice (Bolton, 2018) and adhering to the principles of educational design research (McKenney & Reeves, 2012), the process of design and development of an online master’s course for language teachers is described. The article begins by describing the context and discussing the underlying rationale and principal course aims and learning outcomes, and the syllabus and assessment tasks are then reviewed. Course evaluation throughout the years is briefly reported as well as other outcomes. The results are positive overall both in terms of how students evaluated the course and the competences they acquired, although a couple of limitations are recognized. The study concludes with a reflection on the process of course design and the challenges faced.
Volatilidad de precios en el sector frutícola de México: El caso de la naranja
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez Alejandro , García-Salazar José Alberto
Published: November 2020

Para determinar la existencia del componente estacional (CE) y cíclico en el precio al mayoreo de la naranja, se realizó un análisis de precios en las centrales de abasto de la Ciudad de México, Guadalajara y Monterrey en el periodo septiembre de 2000 a agosto de 2017. Los resultados indican que el índice estacional (IE) alcanza su valor máximo entre junio y septiembre en las tres centrales de abasto. Las diferencias máximas entre el precio real y el precio desestacionalizado indican la presencia de un fuerte CE. También se detectó la presencia de seis ciclos con una duración promedio de 18, 16 y 18 meses para las tres centrales de abasto. Para evitar la volatilidad en el precio de la naranja, se recomienda planear la producción en el espacio y tiempo, así como promover la industrialización de la naranja.
Diameter-Resolved Velocity Correction for Laser Diffraction Calibration and Wind Tunnel Measurement of Sprays
Authors: Fredericks Steven A.
Published: November 2020

In agricultural sprays, droplet size influences both the efficacy and drift potential for pesticide applications. The droplet size spectra of these sprays are commonly evaluated via laser diffraction (LD) measurements within a spray-classification wind tunnel. A recurring issue when performing these measurements is the validation of instrument performance. For performing calibration verification on the instrument, a polydisperse standard with a known distribution is preferred over a monodisperse standard as a proxy for the spray distributions to better represent the spray and therefore challenge the instrument transfer function. However, this can introduce dispersion-related bias error if not all diameter droplets are moving at the same velocity. Herein a method is developed that allows for calculating diameter-resolved correction factors from first principles, enabling the correction of the bias error associated with the dispersion of polydisperse standards. The correction factor is found from the diameter-resolved residence time within the measurement volume, which is calculated by simulating the acceleration of the droplet from the point of generation. Herein this method is applied to LD calibration with gravity-dispersed National Institute of Standards and Technology traceable glass microbeads, allowing for the successful recovery of the known distribution. This method enables LD users to easily verify LD measurements without relying on the instrument manufacturer or in cases in which the instrument manufacturer is unwilling to perform verification, such as through glass windows rather than open air. Additionally, the present method is expanded to predict diameter-resolved bias in LD measurements performed in spray-classification wind tunnels consisting of spray in a coflowing carrier gas in which the spray is not in velocity equilibrium with the gas flow.
An Introduction of Techniques to Aid in Building Microbial-Containing Formulations: From the Selection of Components to Foliage Application
Authors: Cardoso-Gustavson Poliana , Pires-Oliveira Rafael , Andrade Mariana Martins Reis , da Silva Vanessa Rodrigues Golfetti , dos Santos Rêgo Tamiris Joana , Buzzutti Fabiana , Montibeller Flávia Regianini , Mendonça Bruna , Barker Emily
Published: November 2020

The spectrum of the complexity of microbes (fungi, bacteria, viruses) as a biocontrol agent is much higher than that of the traditional chemical compounds used as an active ingredient (AI) in pesticide formulations. To develop an effective formulation using biologicals as an AI, one should consider both the physicochemical characteristics of the other components used to make up the formulation as well as the biological properties of the microbes themselves. Interface adsorption, ionic strength, ultraviolet (UV) light, radiation, residual moisture, shear forces, temperature, and the choice of surfactants are among the pivotal causes of the instability of microorganisms that one can overcome by designing a robust formulation. For microbial-containing formulations, it is also vital that the biocontrol agent both remain inactive during storage and become stimulated to its active form once applied in the environment. Furthermore, the biocontrol agent must also remain viable long enough for its mode of action to be expressed once applied in the field. In this paper, we review the main constraints, strategies to overcome them, and usual methodologies applied to the development of a successful formulation containing fungi and bacteria. In addition, we discuss methods for screening microbial adhesion to solid surfaces and monitoring the microbial cellular function in the presence of surfactants and other molecules, as well as a method for determining the formulation's ability to mitigate UV damage to the microbes. Last, we propose a new methodology to quantify microbes on leaves, which aid in the screening of formulations prior to greenhouse and field trials. Methods and cautions are presented based on case studies encompassing the development of two different formulations: (i) a water-dispersible granule formulation using Trichoderma (fungus) as the AI and (ii) a suspension concentrate formulation using Bacillus (bacteria). The methodologies applied here may be useful as a basic guide for the development of microbial-containing formulations.
Assessment of Premixing In-Line Injection System Attached to Variable-Rate Orchard Sprayer
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Zhu Heping , Salcedo Ramón , Wei Zhiming
Published: November 2020

An intelligent variable-rate orchard sprayer retrofitted with a newly developed premixing in-line injection system was evaluated for its performance in the field. Experimental parameters included combinations of desired chemical concentrations and pulse width modulation duty cycles. To evaluate the dispensing accuracy and discharging accuracy of a metering pump and water pump separately, a flow-rate testing platform was built with two IO-Link-standardized magnetic-inductive flow meters. To assess the chemical concentration accuracy and mixture uniformity, the fluorescent tracer technique was used to analyze the spray mixtures discharged from this system. It was confirmed on the basis of the nominal concentration inputs that chemical concentrates could be accurately dispensed with the metering pump, and water as the chemical carrier could be accurately charged with the water pump. Field-test results showed that the premixing in-line injection system was able to provide acceptable chemical concentration accuracy and desirable mixture uniformity for variable flow-rate spray nozzles. The overall relative error of measured concentrations was 6.36%, and the mean coefficient of variation was 3.09%. The premixing in-line injection system would have great potentials for variable-rate precision sprayers to further reduce chemical waste and environmental pollution.
Measurement and Analysis Methods for Determination of Effective Swath Width from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Fritz Bradley K. , Martin Daniel E.
Published: November 2020

The interest in using unmanned aerial platforms for agrochemical spray applications continues to increase; however, methods for assessing the deposition patterns for these systems vary significantly across the current literature base. As with any application platform, understanding the effects that the system and its operational parameters have on spray deposition rate and uniformity across the application site and developing an operational understanding of the appropriate flight-line spacing (also known as the effective swath width) are critical to a successful broadcast application. This work presents results from efforts to scale and adapt the available standards for the measurement of swath width and deposition uniformity from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The small platform size of current UAVs being considered for broadcast applications, along with the limited nozzle numbers used, potentially provides for deposition patterns that vary across the time of application, making it difficult to achieve acceptable progressive broadcast deposition uniformity. Deposition uniformity and the applied spray rate from finer spray treatments were less sensitive to changes in swath width than coarse spray applications. The inherent variability between replicate passes within a given spray treatment made using current standard methods problematic in providing appropriate guidance on effective swath widths for precise, uniform broadcast spray applications. Improvements in guidance were found with an increased number of replicates and analysis methods that incorporated the random variance between spray passes. The results provide a foundation for further improving methods for measuring spray deposition uniformity and operational guidance for broadcast applications using UAVs, which will be key in determining appropriate nozzle selection, operation, placement, and corresponding flight parameters that result in precise, constant application rates that are biologically effective.
Effects of Leaf Surface Roughness and Five Adjuvant Types on Impacting Droplet Adhesion and Spread
Authors: Abbott JohnPaul R. , Ambrose Abigail E. , Zhu Heping
Published: November 2020

The adhesion and spreading of impacting spray droplets on leaf surfaces for pesticide applications depend on leaf surface roughness as well as the type and concentration of adjuvants contained in the spray solution. Quantifying and relating the effects of surface roughness and adjuvants can improve pesticide spray applications and modeling. This paper presents a preliminary study relating quantified leaf surface roughness to spray deposition and spreading for spray solutions containing different classes and concentrations of adjuvants. A 3D optical surface profiler and the areal roughness parameter for roughness height, Sa, were used to quantify surface roughness for different leaf types ranging in wettability from very easy to very difficult to wet (contact angles between 35° and 160°) and roughness from smooth to very rough. Spray solutions were composed of distilled water and adjuvant concentrations of 0.0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00% (v/v). The adjuvants tested were a crop oil concentrate, a modified seed oil, a nonionic surfactant, an oil-nonionic silicone surfactant blend, and organosilicone. Spray droplets were emitted from a streamed monosized droplet generator mounted on a horizontal motion track traveling at a speed of 1.341 m/s. Droplet motion and impacts were recorded with three ultrahigh-speed video cameras and analyzed using 3D motion analysis software. Deposition was determined by comparing droplet volume before and after impact. There was complete deposition for all adjuvant classes on smooth-easy to wet leaves at all concentrations, whereas deposition on rough-hard to wet leaves increased linearly as concentrations increased. On the rough-hard to wet leaves, approximately 70% deposition was achieved for the nonionic and silicone adjuvants at 0.75% and 0.50% concentrations, respectively. Depositions of less than 70% were achieved for the crop oil concentrate, modified seed oil, and oil-silicone adjuvants.
Diagnóstico genético de hipospadia pseudovaginal perineoescrotal en paciente adolescente
Authors: Pérez-Alija Fernández A. , García-Muñoz S. , Puerta-Jiménez I. , Jiménez-Torres R.
Published: November 2020

5-alpha-reductase enzymatic deficit produces a form of pseudohermaphroditism in which a chromosomic male (46XY) shows ambiguous genitalia at birth, hypospadias and masculinization at puberty. We present a clinical case of a teenage patient with female external genitalia and primary amenorrhoea who was derived from her family doctor on suspicion of acromegaly. Hormonal, imaging and genetic research was conducted and it revealed a 5-alpha-reductase type 2, presenting the variant c.271T>G (p.Tyr91Asp) in homozygosity. A diagnosis delay suppossed a lag in appropiate therapeutic regime instauration, thus leading to an excessive androgenization of the patient with the corresponding psychological distress.
Ecclesiastical Household of Anna Yaroslavna, Queen of the Franks (1051–1075)
Authors: Shishkin Vladimir
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The court of Anna Yaroslavna, the French queen of the 11th century, has not been specifically studied in historical literature. The author proposes to find out how the ecclesiastical environment of the Queen was formalized and structured in 1051–1075, who of the church persons formed her inner circle, and whether the royal ecclesiastical household had an influence on the formation of the church policy of the crown.

Methods. The methodology is a combination of institutional and social history as part of the systemic approach that makes it possible to understand the evolution of the Queen’s household within the curial Capetian system.

Analysis. The reviewed sources indicate that Anna Yaroslavnas staying in France and her relationships with the curial clerics were very close. The Royal acts attest to Anna’s high level of involvement in the ecclesiastical affairs of France, her regular support for the church persons of Curia regis, the Chancellor-Bishop and his servants, as well as the state of curial priests.

Results. The ecclesiastical entourage of King Henri I and Queen Anna largely shaped the policy of the Capetians and strengthened dynastic authority. As a widow and queen mother, Anna Yaroslavna played in accordance with the policies of Henry I and his predecessors, contributing to the further strengthening of the church presence at the court, and in particular the bishops in Curia regis, as opposed to the feudal clans and influence of the pope. At the same time, all her actions were aimed at the interests of the crown in order to guarantee the safe preservation of the throne for her son Philip I.
Paleopathology of Skulls from Golden Horde Settlement Shareny Mound
Authors: Pererva Evgeny
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the examination of craniological materials of the late middle age originating from the Shareniy Bugor archaeological complex.

Methods and materials. A complete series which includes 33 individual remains is now kept by the Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology of Moscow State University. The access to scientific information on the series has been opened for the first time. The series consists of 24 male skulls, 4 female brain capsules, two childrens and 3 adolescent craniums.

Analysis. The standard assessment program of pathological conditions on postcranial skeleton and skull bones developed by A.P. Buzhilova (1995, 1998) was applied in the course of examination of the anthropological material.

Results. A wide range of cranium anomalies, various dentition diseases, endocrine disease markers, signs of exposure to low temperatures, episodic stress traces and numerous injuries were recorded as a result of the examination of the bone material. Conclusions. The series under consideration does not meet the paleopopulation criteria, i.e. cannot be a prototype of a really existing group of medieval urban population. Signs of unintentional artificial deformity of the occipital type were recorded on the skulls of the studied sample. The identified stress markers indicate that the urban population of the Volga Delta was exposed to the pressure of negative factors due to the natural and social environment including cold temperatures, hunger, war, etc. The population group originating from Shareniy Bugor settlement probably specialized in living in the river area, which led to a specific diet and the appearance of cases of diseases typical for people spending a long time in a cold water environment. Extremely high rates of injuries, including combat near-death and lethal ones, wounds to the skull facial area characterize the studied part of the population as a group that actively participated in hostilities. A series of skulls originating from Shareniy Bugor settlement probably belongs to a specific social stratum or the handicraft part of the population of the Golden Horde city of Khadzhi-Tarkhan which was engaged in river fishing and whose appearance (hairstyle and constantly worn headdress) was very different from most townspeople; they probably actively defended the city during the raids of enemies.
Kuldja Under Russian Rule: View of the Imperial Administration
Authors: Vasilyev Dmitry
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The article is devoted to the review of the situation in Kuldja in the first half of the Russian domination there (1871–1876). Modern Russian historiography does not know the works that would describe the real measures of the Russian administration in this part of Russian possessions in Central Asia.

Methods and materials. The article analyzes the main source – a note by N.N. Pantusov with information about Kuldja District. Regulatory acts on Russian governance in the area are used as additional sources. The comparative and critical analysis of sources is of interest.

Analysis and Results. The Russian administration immediately outlined its main tasks: ensuring safety of the population, maintaining a civilian traditional way of life and governance, and equal rights for all local peoples. Destroying everything unprofitable for both states (Russia and China), the Russian administration refrained from fundamental innovations. The analysis of the sources carried out in the article allows to conclude that the Russian presence in the Ili region was temporary and even nominal indeed. The dispensing of the most fundamental articles of the Statute on the Governing of the Semirechenskaya and Syrdarya Provinces of 1867 to this district indicates the intention to facilitate the management of the new territory. And all the innovations indicate the presence of two trends. One of them was to form an attractive image of the Russian government. Another trend was aimed at spreading of all-Russian institutions to the district. Both of these trends demonstrate the intention of the representatives of the local Russian administration to keep Kuldja within the Russian Empire. The main source was published during the period of discussing the need to return the Ili region to China. However, there is no reason to argue that it was created for public announcement.
O risco de novas lesões, após reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior, pode ser diminuído com a adição do treinamento funcional
Authors: Gali Julio Cesar , Wendt Fadel Guilia , Felipe Marques Marcos , Araújo Almeida Tyago , Gali Filho Julio Cesar , Separovic Faria Felipe Alexandre
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo do nosso estudo foi avaliar se o treinamento funcional pode reduzir o risco de nova lesão para pacientes que tiveram reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (RLCA) por meio do Sistema de Pontuação do Functional Movement Screen (FMS). A hipótese testada foi de que nosso algoritmo de treinamento funcional pode diminuir o risco de nova lesão. Métodos: Nosso protocolo de treinamento consistiu em seis fases, cada uma com duração de seis semanas. Começou dois meses após a reconstrução do ligamento. O grupo de estudo foi composto por 10 indivíduos que completaram nosso protocolo proposto, após a RLCA. O grupo controle consistiu em 10 pessoas que tiveram permissão para retornar às atividades esportivas após concluir um protocolo regular de reabilitação da RLCA. O FMS foi utilizado para comparar o desempenho dos grupos controle e estudo. Pacientes com pontuação igual ou inferior a 14 no FMS foram considerados mais propensos a sofrer uma nova lesão do que aqueles com pontuação maior que quatorze. Resultados: A pontuação média, segundo o FMS, do grupo estudo foi de 16,6 e a do grupo controle, 12,3. O treinamento funcional para a reabilitação da RLCA adicionou um benefício estatisticamente significativo (p <0,0002) para diminuir o risco de nova lesão, em comparação com o protocolo regular de reabilitação. Conclusão: O treinamento funcional pode ser considerado mais uma estratégia a ser incluida na reabilitação regular da RLCA, com o objetivo de diminuir o risco de uma nova lesão, antes de retornar ao esporte. Nível de Evidência: II (Estudo terapêutico - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento)
Missing Self-Induced Activation of NK Cells Combines with Non-Complement-Fixing Donor-Specific Antibodies to Accelerate Kidney Transplant Loss in Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection
Authors: Koenig Alice , Mezaache Sarah , Callemeyn Jasper , Barba Thomas , Mathias Virginie , Sicard Antoine , Charreau Béatrice , Rabeyrin Maud , Dijoud Frédérique , Picard Cécile , Meas-Yedid Vannary , Olivo-Marin Jean-Christophe , Morelon Emmanuel , Naesens Maarten , Dubois Valérie , Thaunat Olivier
Published: November 2020

Background

Binding of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) to kidney allograft endothelial cells that does not activate the classic complement cascade can trigger the recruitment of innate immune effectors, including NK cells. Activated NK cells contribute to microvascular inflammation leading to chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Recipient NK cells can also trigger antibody-independent microvascular inflammation by sensing the absence of self HLA class I molecules (“missing self”) on allograft endothelial cells. This translational study investigated whether the condition of missing self amplifies DSA-dependent NK cell activation to worsen chronic AMR.

Methods and Results

Among 1682 kidney transplant recipients who underwent an allograft biopsy at Lyon University Hospital between 2004 and 2017, 135 fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for AMR and were enrolled in the study. Patients with complement-fixing DSAs identified by a positive C3d binding assay (n=73, 54%) had a higher risk of transplant failure (P=0.002). Among the remaining patients with complement-independent chronic AMR (n=62, 46%), those in whom missing self was identified through donor and recipient genotyping exhibited worse allograft survival (P=0.02). In multivariable analysis, only proteinuria (HR: 7.24; P=0.01) and the presence of missing self (HR: 3.57; P=0.04) were independent predictors for transplant failure following diagnosis of chronic AMR. Cocultures of human NK cells and endothelial cells confirmed that addition of missing self to DSA-induced NK cell activation increased endothelial damage.

Conclusions

The assessment of missing self at the time of diagnosis of chronic AMR identifies patients at higher risk for kidney transplant failure.
Prediction of Kidney Drug Clearance: A Comparison of Tubular Secretory Clearance and Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: Chen Yan , Zelnick Leila R. , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Yeung Catherine K. , Shireman Laura M. , Phillips Brian , Brauchla Calder C. , de Boer Ian , Manahan Linda , Heckbert Susan R. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Kestenbaum Bryan R.
Published: November 2020

Background

Although proximal tubular secretion is the primary mechanism of kidney drug elimination, current kidney drug dosing strategies are on the basis of eGFR.

Methods

In a dedicated pharmacokinetic study to compare GFR with tubular secretory clearance for predicting kidney drug elimination, we evaluated stable outpatients with eGFRs ranging from 21 to 140 ml/min per 1.73 m2. After administering single doses of furosemide and famciclovir (metabolized to penciclovir), we calculated their kidney clearances on the basis of sequential plasma and timed urine measurements. Concomitantly, we quantified eight endogenous secretory solutes in plasma and urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and measured GFR by iohexol clearance (iGFR). We computed a summary secretion score as the scaled average of the secretory solute clearances.

Results

Median iGFR of the 54 participants was 73 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The kidney furosemide clearance correlated with iGFR (r=0.84) and the summary secretion score (r=0.86). The mean proportionate error (MPE) between iGFR-predicted and measured furosemide clearance was 30.0%. The lowest MPE was observed for the summary secretion score (24.1%); MPEs for individual secretory solutes ranged from 27.3% to 48.0%. These predictive errors were statistically indistinguishable. Penciclovir kidney clearance was correlated with iGFR (r=0.83) and with the summary secretion score (r=0.91), with similar predictive accuracy of iGFR and secretory clearances. Combining iGFR with the summary secretion score yielded only modest improvements in the prediction of the kidney clearance of furosemide and penciclovir.

Conclusions

Secretory solute clearance measurements can predict kidney drug clearances. However, tight linkage between GFR and proximal tubular secretory clearance in stable outpatients provides some reassurance that GFR, even when estimated, is a useful surrogate for predicting secretory drug clearances in such patients.
Kidney Single-cell Transcriptomes Predict Spatial Corticomedullary Gene Expression and Tissue Osmolality Gradients
Authors: Hinze Christian , Karaiskos Nikos , Boltengagen Anastasiya , Walentin Katharina , Redo Klea , Himmerkus Nina , Bleich Markus , Potter S. Steven , Potter Andrew S. , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Kocks Christine , Rajewsky Nikolaus , Schmidt-Ott Kai M.
Published: November 2020

Background

Single-cell transcriptomes from dissociated tissues provide insights into cell types and their gene expression and may harbor additional information on spatial position and the local microenvironment. The kidney’s cells are embedded into a gradient of increasing tissue osmolality from the cortex to the medulla, which may alter their transcriptomes and provide cues for spatial reconstruction.

Methods

Single-cell or single-nuclei mRNA sequencing of dissociated mouse kidneys and of dissected cortex, outer, and inner medulla, to represent the corticomedullary axis, was performed. Computational approaches predicted the spatial ordering of cells along the corticomedullary axis and quantitated expression levels of osmo-responsive genes. In situ hybridization validated computational predictions of spatial gene-expression patterns. The strategy was used to compare single-cell transcriptomes from wild-type mice to those of mice with a collecting duct–specific knockout of the transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2CD−/−), which display reduced renal medullary osmolality.

Results

Single-cell transcriptomics from dissociated kidneys provided sufficient information to approximately reconstruct the spatial position of kidney tubule cells and to predict corticomedullary gene expression. Spatial gene expression in the kidney changes gradually and osmo-responsive genes follow the physiologic corticomedullary gradient of tissue osmolality. Single-nuclei transcriptomes from Grhl2CD−/− mice indicated a flattened expression gradient of osmo-responsive genes compared with control mice, consistent with their physiologic phenotype.

Conclusions

Single-cell transcriptomics from dissociated kidneys facilitated the prediction of spatial gene expression along the corticomedullary axis and quantitation of osmotically regulated genes, allowing the prediction of a physiologic phenotype.
Human exposure to pollutants and their health endpoints
Authors: Øyvind Odland Jon
Published: November 2020

The most vulnerable period in a human life is before you are born and in early childhood. A number of reports and publications are now coming out of these studies and this chapter will go into details of some of the the most important studies and their defined health endpoints. Different epidemiological studies in the circumpolar area have shown associations between contaminants and different health outcomes. It is important to note that associations are not the same as causal relationships between exposure to a single substance (or a mix of substances) and an effect. When finding an association between a contaminant and an effect it is important to bear in mind the possibility that the studied substance are proxies for other substances in the mixture of contaminants to which the study population has been exposed – both harmful and beneficial. The effects reported are findings from different circumpolar communities. However, due to differences in genetic composition, socio-cultural practices, local food consumption patterns and exposure mixtures, a finding in one population should not be extrapolated to another population without careful investigation and comparative information.