bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Galician coda restrictions and plural clusters
Authors: Colina Sonia , Simonet Miquel
Published: February 2021

The present study investigates the phonology and phonetics of Galician post-vocalic velar nasals. Galician has very strict coda restrictions – it does not allow for complex codas. One exception to this restriction is found in the plurals of words ending in a nasal consonant, which add /s/ to the “right” of a noun or adjective: man ‘hand’, mans ‘hands’; pan ‘bread’, pans ‘breads’. The present study puts forward a proposal, initially based on synchronic, formal phonological grounds, according to which post-vocalic, pre-/s/ nasals in plural forms are not nasal stops, but nasal glides. Their nature as nasal glides allows for their syllabification in the nucleus rather than in the coda, thus preserving (i.e., not violating) the restriction on complex codas. This proposal is then tested with a production experiment based on quantitative acoustic data. The acoustic study reveals indeed a difference in the degree of weakening of post-vocalic nasals, with pre-/s/ nasals in the plural forms showing a significantly higher degree of weakening than pre-/s/ nasals in the singular forms. The article concludes with an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of the phonological facts.
Numeral classifiers in East Asia
Authors: Bisang Walter , Wu Yicheng
Published: February 2021

The understanding of the functional range of numeral classifiers requires a combined effort from different theoretical approaches and the integration of findings from syntax, semantics and pragmatics. This article demonstrates how such an integrative perspective creates new insights into classifiers in Sinitic languages in the fields of counting and word order, the expression of definiteness and indefiniteness and the syntax of verbal classification.
Accusative case in passives
Authors: Goodall Grant
Published: February 2021

The standard explanation for Ν Ρ movement in the passive construction has been that the N P must move into the nominative position because no accusative case is available. This paper examines the implications for this view of some double-object constructions in Mandarin Chinese and English that are ungrammatical as active clauses but improve significantly as passives. These facts are unexpected under the standard view of passives, but I suggest that they can be explained if we assume that the second object is not licensed for case in the active versions but is able to check accusative case in the passive version, thus arguing that accusative case is available in passive clauses.
Herrschaftsbegründung durch Handlung
Authors: Mauder Christian
Published: February 2021

At the turn from the 15th to the 16th century, the Mamluk Sultanate experienced a period of succession conflicts when a number of Sultans came to power in rapid sequence. With the ascension of Qānṣawh al-Ghawrī to the throne in 1501, the history of the Sultanate entered into a final phase of relative tranquility. Nevertheless, the previous crisis had proven that the person of the ruler was a highly contingent element in the late Mamluk political landscape. This article will examine how the panegyrist ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ al-Malaṭī justified Qānṣawh al-Ghawrī’s reign in the light of the previous succession crisis in his unedited work ‚al-Majmūʿ al-bustān al-nawrī li-ḥaḍrat mawlānā al-Sulṭān al-Ghawrī‘. After preliminary theoretical remarks and a contextualization of the author and his work it will be shown that in the text under study, al-Malaṭī mainly described Sultan al-Ghawrī’s deeds and achievements. Accordingly, al-Malaṭī addressed the man-made experience of contingency during the succession crisis by focusing on the intra-mundane actions of the ruler he praised. He thus stepped out of the common tradition of Arabic panegyric works in the later Islamic middle period which usually emphasized the ruler’s immutable moral qualities and virtues and paid much less attention to his individual actions. Moreover, al-Malaṭī’s work is notably devoid of any attempts to legitimize al-Ghawrī’s rule on religious grounds.
Interior and closure operators on commutative basic algebras
Authors: Rachůnek Jiří , Svoboda Zdeněk
Published: February 2021

Commutative basic algebras are non-associative generalizations of MV-algebras and form an algebraic semantics of a non-associative generalization of the propositional infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic. In the paper we investigate additive closure and multiplicative interior operators on commutative basic algebras as a generalization of topological operators.
Fejér-type inequalities (II)
Authors: Tseng Kuei-Lin , Hwang Shiow-Ru , Dragomir Sever S.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we establish some Fejér-type inequalities for convex functions. They complement the results from the previous recent paper [Dragomir, S. S.—Milošević, D. S.——Sándor, J.: On some refinements of Hadamard’s inequalities and applications, Univ. Belgrad. Publ. Elek. Fak. Sci. Math. 4 (1993), 3–10].
Variable Hajłasz-Sobolev spaces on compact metric spaces
Authors: Gaczkowski Michał , Górka Przemysław
Published: February 2021

We study variable exponent Sobolev spaces on compact metric spaces. Without the assumption of log-Hölder continuity of the exponent, the compact Sobolev-type embeddings theorems for these spaces are shown.
A note on derived connections from semi-symmetric metric connections
Authors: Mihai Adela
Published: February 2021

In this paper we construct examples of different types of connections starting from a semi-symmetric metric connection g, for example a connection which is a symmetric metric connection with respect to a conformally related metric, but symmetric non-metric with respect to the initial metric. We formulate an open problem: to find a parallel complex structure on a Kaehler manifold with respect to such a new connection.
Congruence pairs of principal p-algebras
Authors: Badawy Abd El-Mohsen , Shum Kar Ping
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we first introduce the concept of congruence pairs on the class of principal p-algebras. Then, we show that every congruence relation θ on a principal p-algebra L can be uniquely determined by a congruence pair (θ
1, θ
2). Moreover, the strong extensions of principal p-algebras and the permutability of congruences will be investigated by congruence pairs.
Individual Variation in L2 Study-Abroad Outcomes: A Case Study from Indonesian Pragmatics
Authors: Hassall Timothy
Published: February 2021

This is a study of two Australian learners of Indonesian during a short stay abroad. It examines their contrasting success in acquiring L2 address terms, in tandem with their contrasting experiences of the L2 culture setting. It thereby helps explain the persistent finding of great individual variation in L2 gains – and in particular pragmatic gains – during study abroad. The study shows that the contrasting success of these two learners is linked to their L2 identity development. At the same time, it dispels a simplistic view of the relationship between identity development and pragmatic development, by showing that their language outcomes emerge through a highly contingent process. The study also helps us understand how certain specific factors can influence learning of L2 pragmatics during study abroad, such as low initial proficiency, prior foreign language learning experience, timing of formal instruction, and the presence of peer L2 learners during naturalistic interactions.
“Sorry Can You Speak It in English with Me?” Managing Routines in Lingua Franca Doctor–Patient Consultations in a Diabetes Clinic
Authors: Martin Gillian S.
Published: February 2021

Research on the routines of doctor–patient consultations has been conducted in language and culture concordant dyads and in dyads where either doctor or patient uses a foreign language; yet there is an absence of scholarly engagement with consultations where both participants are using a foreign language. In seeking to address this gap, this article reports on four doctor–patient consultations involving the use of English as a lingua franca. The data form part of a larger empirical study of communication in an Irish diabetes clinic. Microanalysis, informed by Interactional Sociolinguistics, Pragmatics and Conversation Analysis, reveals a range of interactive challenges rooted in language and cultural assumptions which impact on the management of the consultation routines. The findings emphasize the strength of the doctors’ professional socialization and the challenges this poses for non-native-speaker patients.
Re-codified Standards from the Perspective of Language Experts: Credentials, Practice and Attitudes amongst Translators and Interpreters of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian Languages
Authors: Hlavac Jim
Published: February 2021

This article examines aspects of linguistic behaviour, attitudes and professional practices amongst a group of 47 “expert users” who are translators or interpreters for one, two or three of the following languages: Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian. The official terms for these languages in the respective successor states of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and elsewhere reflect not only historic but also popular designations. Incumbent on translators and interpreters are the professional regulatory norms that require practitioners to follow these designations. An overview of the re-codification of the three languages is provided, followed by a discussion of models that account for how speakers and text-producers negotiate verbal and written interactions with speakers or text of different language varieties. Data are elicited on the following: informants’ reported behaviour in professional and non-professional situations; unanticipated differences in the language for which an assignment was accepted and its actual form; attitudes on assignments with unofficial or unclear language designations; others’ assumptions of informants’ native speaker competency and ethnicity; and attitudes towards the distinctness of the three languages. Accommodation to clients’ language varieties is reported by half of all informants, and those with multiple accreditations report converging to others’ language varieties more so than those with accreditation in one language only. Metalinguistic talk, with or without accommodation, is also a common practice in the initial stages of interpreted interactions or the negotiation of translation assignments. The reported behaviour and practices of translators and interpreters are likely to be indicative of “lay speakers’” and marketplace requirements, and therefore reflective of actual language use amongst users of these three languages when interacting with one another.
Heads and layers in agglutination: A case in deadjectival psych verbs with-garuin Japanese
Authors: Nakajima Takashi
Published: February 2021

Using deadjectival psych verbs with-garuin Japanese, this study shows that agglutinative complex predicate formation is done by recursive application of Merge to roots and functional heads. This process creates a layered syntactic structure, with each layer providing the computational system with (i) specific semantic features, (ii) arguments, and (iii) phonetic form (PF) exponents at conceptual–intentional (CI)/sensory motor (SM) Interfaces. The whole amalgam of the root and the functional heads is interpreted as a “word” at PF. Following the general architecture of Distributed Morphology, I will show that the morpheme that derives deadjectival verbs-garuis underlyingly-k-ar-u(k-Copula-T), wherekis “little” v that originates in the verbal rootk-o“come” andar-is a copula. They are now grammaticalized functional heads that extend adjectival roots. Crucially, thiskis homophonous with “little” a, which makes-garuand the adjective-deriving morpheme-karu(k-Copula-T) parallel.kis voiced in-garudue to a structurally conditioned assimilation rule (Embick 2013). This analysis reveals the mechanisms of agglutinative predicate formation in a precise and detailed manner. Similarly, it gives natural solutions to some of the long-standing problems including how adjectives modify N such asutukusii dansaa“beautiful dancer,” which is ambiguous between attributive modification and a relative clause.
Archäologie im Roman. Zum Wagen Odins in Fontanes „Vor dem Sturm“
Authors: Düwel Klaus
Published: February 2021

Fontane stellt in seinem Roman „Vor dem Sturm" (1878) den Prediger und Altertumsforscher Seidentopf und den Justizrat Turgany gegenüber, der eine Vertreter einer semnonisch-germanisch gedeuteten Vorgeschichte, der andere Anhänger einer wendisch-slawischen Interpretation der Bodenfunde im Odergebiet. Am Wagen Odins, einem realen Fundobjekt im Heimatmuseum Neuruppin, wird der Streit geführt und die dahinter stehenden grundsätzlichen Standpunkte über den gesamten Roman hin verfolgt. Die Forschungsgeschichte vom Wagen Odins wird nachgezeichnet und zugleich das damit verbundene übergreifende Problem der „ethnischen Deutung" in der Vorgeschichte, vor allem bei Kossinna und Kostrzewski angesprochen.
Physicochemical stability of compounded midazolam capsules over a one-year storage period
Authors: Boivin Pierre-Nicolas , Legendre Pauline , Bonnaure Anne-Claire , Lester Marie-Antoinette
Published: February 2021

Objectives

In patients suffering from chronic liver disease, the hepatic metabolism of drugs is perturbed and the metabolic capacity is difficult to assess. Midazolam could be used as a phenotypical probe to predict the metabolic capacity of CYP3A to adjust dosages of drug substrates of this cytochrome. In this context, a prospective clinical trial is going to be conducted in our institution and a hospital preparation of midazolam capsules suitable for the clinical trial was developed. The objective of the present work was to assess the physicochemical stability of the formulation over 12 months to set shelf life.

Methods

Three batches of 1 mg capsules were prepared using midazolam hydrochloride and microcrystalline cellulose as a diluent. The capsules were stored at ambient temperature and protected from light. To measure the evolution of the capsules content, a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 254 nm. Data were confirmed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical method.

Results

After one year, midazolam hydrochloride content remained higher than 95% of the initial concentration in capsules.

Conclusions

The results show that 1 mg midazolam capsules are stable for 12 months at room temperature and under dark conditions.
Characterization of groundwater composition in Punjab state with special emphasis on uranium content, speciation and mobility
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Tripathi R. M. , Rout Sabyasachi , Mishra Manish K. , Ravi P. M. , Ghosh A. K.
Published: February 2021

Groundwaters (borewell and handpump) were sampled from two districts (Bathinda and Mansa) of Punjab state and analyzed for
their major ionic concentrations and uranium isotope compositions in order to assess the possible origins of the waters and
water–rock interactions that occurred in the deep aquifer system. The major ionic concentrations of waters were plotted on
a Piper diagram and grouped into four dominant hydrochemical facies as (Na+K)-SO4+Cl type (69% – 73%),
(Ca+Mg)-SO4+Cl type (6% – 21%), (Ca+Mg)–HCO3 type (4% – 6%) and (Na+K)-HCO3 type
(2% – 19%). It was observed that mobility of uranium in groundwater was very much influenced by TDS (total
dissolved solids). To investigate the various mechanisms for deriving the elevated uranium concentrations in groundwater,
234U/238U activity ratios (ARs) were calculated using the determined activity levels of
234U and 238U. The mean ARs was found to be near unity (i.e. secular equilibrium) in the study
regions confirmed that uranium in groundwaters was mainly resulted from its host/parent rocks through weathering processes. The
concentration of HCO3
− in ground water showed one order of magnitude higher than the total dissolved SiO2
indicates that carbonate weathering was the dominant process due to major water–rock interaction. The uranium speciation in
groundwaters was investigated by an equilibrium model calculation using MEDUSA (make equilibrium diagrams using sophisticated
algorithms) under the influence of redox conditions and complexant concentration. At the observed range of pH values, the
predominant redox speciation of uranium was observed as hydroxo-carbonato complexes of (UO2)2(CO3)(OH)3
−
and hydroxyl complexes of UO2(OH)3
− which might be caused for increasing the solubility of uranium. Due to very
low concentration of phosphate in groundwater, its effects on U(VI)-aqueous speciation was negligible.
Plutonium complexes in water: new approach to ab initio modeling
Authors: Ryzhkov Mikhail V. , Enyashin Andrei N. , Delley Bernard
Published: February 2021

Geometry optimization and the electronic structure calculations of Pu
Z+ complexes (Z = 3–6) in water solution have been performed, within the framework of the DMol3 and Relativistic Discrete-Variational (RDV) methods. For the simulation of Pu
Z+ molecular environment in aqueous solution we used 22 and 32 water molecules randomly distributed around cation. To model the effect of bulk solvent environment we used COSMO (Conductor-like Screening Model) potential for water (ε = 78.54). The obtained results showed that this approach allows the modeling of water dissociation and the formation of hydrolysis products. Our previously suggested scheme for the calculation of interaction energies between selected fragments of multi-molecular systems provides the quantitative estimation of the interaction strengths between plutonium in various oxidation states and each ligand in the first and second coordination shells in water solution.
Financing Resources for Reconstruction in Severely Conflict-affected Countries
Authors: Al-Asadi Mohammad
Published: February 2021

Countries emerging from armed conflict face tremendous challenges in restoring peace and development. One of the most serious challenges in this regard is mobilizing adequate resources for financing the reconstruction process. In many post-conflict countries, the resort to external financing resources becomes inevitable. This paper aims to understand how conflict intensity shapes the financing modalities in the post-conflict phase. The study uses statistical inference to compare the differences in key financing resources between two groups of post-conflict developing countries with different conflict intensity. The results show that countries severely affected by the conflict rely more heavily on external financing resources compared to countries moderately affected by the conflict. In particular, foreign aid, foreign investments, and external debt were significantly higher in the severely affected countries relative to moderately affected ones. The differences in most external financing resources between the two groups become more obvious when accounting for major income categories differences. The results were robust for different levels of conflict severity.
Sensitization in office workers with chronic neck pain in different pain conditions and intensities
Authors: Nunes Alexandre , Petersen Kristian , Espanha Margarida , Arendt-Nielsen Lars
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Office workers with chronic neck pain demonstrates signs of widespread hyperalgesia, less efficient descending pain modulation, which could indicate sensitization of central pain pathways. No studies have assessed a wide variety of office workers with different chronic neck pain disorders and assessed the impact of pain intensity on assessments of central pain pathways. This study aimed to assessed pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and to associate these with pain intensity and disability in subgroups of office workers.

Methods

One hundred-and-seventy-one office workers were distributed into groups of asymptomatic and chronic neck pain subjects. Chronic neck pain was categorized as chronic trapezius myalgia and chronic non-specific neck pain and as ‘mild-pain’ (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]≤3) and ‘moderate-pain’ (VAS>3) groups. PPTs, TSP, CPM, and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II were assessed in all subjects. Neck Disability Index and Pain Catastrophizing Scale were assessed in all the symptomatic office workers.

Results

PPTs were lower in moderate pain (n=49) and chronic trapezius myalgia (n=56) compared with asymptomatic subjects (n=62, p<0.05). TSP was facilitated in moderate pain group compared with mild pain (n=60, p<0.0001) group and asymptomatic subjects (p<0.0001). No differences were found in CPM comparing the different groups (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis identified Neck Disability Index and TSP as independent factors for prediction of pain intensity in chronic trapezius myalgia (R2=0.319) and chronic non-specific neck pain (R2=0.208). Somatic stress, stress and sleep as independent factors in chronic non-specific neck pain (R2=0.525), and stress in moderate pain group (R2=0.494) for the prediction of disability.

Conclusions

Office workers with chronic trapezius myalgia and moderate pain intensity showed significant signs of widespread pressure hyperalgesia. Moreover, the moderate pain group demonstrated facilitated TSP indicating sensitization of central pain pathways. Neck Disability Index and TSP were independent predictors for pain intensity in pain groups. Sleep and stress were independent predictors for disability.
The distribution of short and long pronouns in Maltese
Authors: Saade Benjamin
Published: February 2021

This study investigates the distribution of long and short independent pronouns in Maltese. By applying proposed positional and functional diagnostics to explain the variation between short and long pronouns (copular use, modification, coordination, peripheral positions) combined with a corpus study of pronominal form, person, and text type, this study sheds light on the factors that influence pronominal form and the status of reduced person forms in Maltese. While the copular use of pronouns does have a weak effect on pronominal form (long forms preferred), a stronger effect is observed with regard to grammatical person (1sgprefers short forms, 2sg& 3sgprefer long forms) and text type.
Fragrant, smelly, and shiny. On pseudo-adjectival verbs in Maltese NPs
Authors: Stolz Thomas , Levkovych Nataliya , Ahrens Carolin
Published: February 2021

Maltese gives evidence of a certain degree of permeability of word-class categories in the sense that finite (intransitive) verbs in the 3rd person imperfective of both genders and numbers may function as NP-internal attributes and thus behave like adjectives, albeit only to a limited extent. The focus is on a small selection of those verbs which are typical representatives of the attributive functions of imperfectives. It is shown that in attribution members of this class of verbs undergo decategorialization, i.e. they lose typical properties of their original word class. In this context, the relation of pseudo-adjectival verbs, relative clauses, and bona fide adjectives is discussed in some detail. It is argued that pseudo-adjectival verbs are similar to active participles, which they replace in the case of the majority of the Maltese verbs which lack the ability of deriving active participles morphologically.
Zum Wandel von Sportvereinen und seinen Ursachen – Befunde einer Mehrebenen-Untersuchung / Causes of Change in Sports Clubs – Findings from a Multi-Level Study
Authors: Flatau Jens , Pitsch Werner , Emrich Eike
Published: February 2021

Zum organisationalen Wandel existieren verschiedene theoretische Ansätze, welche sich u.a. durch ihren Umweltbezug unterscheiden. Der populationsökologische Ansatz erweitert diese intraorganisationale Perspektive um die Analyseebene des Kollektivs gleichartiger Organisationen. Auf dieser theoretischen Grundlage wird systematisch zwischen den drei Analyseebenen des einzelnen Sportvereins, dem Kollektiv bestehender Sportvereine sowie der Sportvereinspopulation unterschieden und werden Paneldaten aus zwei Befragungen pfälzischer Sportvereine hypothesengeleitet analysiert. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen zum einen die populationsökologischen Annahmen stabiler Kernmerkmale bei hochgradig wandlungs-, d.h. anpassungsfähigen peripheren Merkmalen in bestehenden Sportvereinen. Zum anderen deuten sie darauf hin, dass sich organisationaler Wandel primär durch den Austausch von Vereinen, also auf der Populationsebene, vollzieht.
The forbidden first word: Discourse functions and rhetorical patterns of and-prefacing in student essays
Authors: Makkonen-Craig Henna
Published: February 2021

This article investigatesand-prefacing and its environments in student essays. Specifically, the focus is on those instances when a writer uses the Finnishja‘and’ as an opening element (“preface”) to the sentence. Whileand-prefacing is most commonly a single-usage feature employed by a small minority of writers in the essay genre analyzed here, the detailed functional-rhetorical analysis reveals a rich picture of these usages and the respective discourse norm that emerges and evolves in practice. This paper identifies eight micro-level discourse functions forand-prefacing in the essays: (i)rhetorical, accumulative listing; (ii)emphasizing continuity of argument; (iii)dialogical aligning; (iv)unconventional intertextual linking; (v)evaluating a narrative turn; (vi)resolution; (vii)fantasy as coda; and (viii)plain cohesive linking. Significantly,and-prefacing is not limited to the failed essays, nor to the low-graded essays more generally. The differences found in high- and low-graded (failed) essays may, however, suggest that some discourse functions and rhetorical patterns are associated with a higher institutional value than others. Methodologically, this study highlights the benefits of Rich Feature Analysis and dialogically oriented linguistic discourse analysis for exploring a relatively infrequent and yet distinctive rhetorical resource that has a complex form-function relationship in student essays.
Documenting knowledge mobilization: a quantitative analysis of citation and reported speech in a Canadian public inquiry
Authors: Tachino Tosh
Published: February 2021

Research into citation and reported speech has identified a number of functions, such as measures of influence, solidarity and distancing, demonstration, and construction of knowledge. This study brings citation analysis to knowledge mobilization – a situation in which research informs public policy. In the present case, it was a Canadian public inquiry on a wrongful murder conviction that prompted many police departments across the country to adopt new procedures that were informed by psychology research to minimize the chances of wrongful conviction. This article focuses on the result of a quantitative analysis that goes beyond simple counting to provide a citation profile of the inquiry report and discusses what such systematic description can reveal. The findings include a particular attribution practice of privileging expert statements but only when they are attributed to the speakers rather than to their writing or to the transcripts of their speech. In addition, the quantitative data revealed no correlation between rhetorical framing and formal citation or direct quotes. These findings lead to discussions on functions of citation and reported speech in this document, as well as the relationship between linguistic form and knowledge mobilization.
Towards multiple hyperTheme: Theme beyond the clause
Authors: Zhang Daqun
Published: February 2021

Theme, the building block for the Textual Metafunction in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), is itself an element at the clause rank. Its function and application, however, can only be fully recognized in the unfolding discourse. This article extends multiple Theme to the discourse level and proposes the notion of multiple hyperTheme that exists beyond the clause, with a view to developing the system of Theme in SFL and strengthening its role in discourse analysis. The article begins with an overview of the historical development of Theme, primarily reflecting on hyperTheme initiated by Daneš (1974, Functional sentence perspective and the organization of the text. In Daneš František (ed.),Papers on functional sentence perspective, 106–128. The Hague: Mouton) and developed by Martin (1992a,English text: System and structure. Philadelphia: John Benjamins) and Martin and Rose (2003,Working with discourse: Meaning beyond the clause. London: Continuum). By redefining hyperTheme and suggesting that it should not just be confined to the ideational dimension, this article introduces multiple hyperTheme which may cover the three strands of meaning (ideational, interpersonal and textual), offering a more delicate system of hyperTheme in SFL. The complexities and delicacies of different elements within the category of multiple hyperTheme are illustrated in its various patterns such as Interpersonal ^ Ideational, Textual ^ Ideational, Textual ^ Interpersonal ^ Ideational, Textual ^Textual/Interpersonal^ Ideational andInterpersonal/Textual^ Ideational. Furthermore, the subtle configuration of the interpersonal and the ideational meanings in one grammatical sentence may blur the distinction between multiple hyperTheme and simple hyperTheme, especially when there is no obvious textual element involved.
The past is a foreign country: disputed memories and telling rights in co-narrated refugee stories
Authors: Tanner Andrew , Stirling Lesley
Published: February 2021

Memory and time are the two fundamental components of personal experience narrative. For a sole narrator with no competing claims for reliability, time distance from the narrated events is more or less irrelevant, and storytelling can proceed smoothly. However, what happens when more than one participant seems to have an equal claim to telling rights? We report a detailed micro-analysis of co-narrated stories of two brothers’ experiences as refugees over 35 years ago to understand how rights are negotiated when both participants have an apparently equal claim to narrative reliability. Our analysis demonstrates that while under normal circumstances the two speakers perform in “duet” – whereby they take the floor in fluid turns – when discrepancies are detected by either party, a round of negotiation following a predictable pattern is triggered before the narrative can continue. The “winner” of the negotiation – typically the speaker with the greatest recall of chronological detail – claims the rights to tell the story solo. The ability to convincingly demonstrate the reliability of one’s memories is therefore a crucial determinant in who can claim telling rights – the authority to be able to tell a story. Our findings support the role of remembered detail in underpinning this authority.
On binary features and disagreeing natural classes: Evidence from Cheyenne and Serbian
Authors: Despić Miloje , Murray Sarah
Published: February 2021

In this paper we offer new arguments for bivalence of morphological features. In the domain of person, we argue in support of the system using the features [±speaker] and [±hearer], on the basis of plural marking in Cheyenne. In the domain of gender, we argue in support of the system using the features [±masculine] and [±feminine], on the basis of gender agreement in Serbian coordinate structures. The property of binary systems crucial for our proposal is that they allow combinations of disagreeing feature values, given that in such systems every morphological category is represented as a combination of two values. Our main empirical goal is to show that some languages treat such combinations of disagreeing feature values (as well as combinations of agreeing values) as natural classes (e.g., Noyer, Rolf. 1992. Features, positions and affixes in autonomous morphological structure. Ph.D. dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
The heroic age of Celtic Philology
Authors: Evans D. Ellis
Published: February 2021

This article is based on a lecture I was originally invited to deliver at Aberystwyth in the University of Wales in honour of the late Sir Thomas Parry-Williams (one of my earliest University teachers) and to do so on a topic which, I feel sure, would have met with his approval. He had himself studied with several of the most renowned and gifted scholars of the early part of this century, Edward Anwyl at Aberystwyth, John Rhys at Oxford, Rudolf Thurneysen at Freiburg im Breisgau, and Joseph Loth and Joseph Vendryes at the Sorbonne in Paris. He was one of the great scholarly and cultural heroes of my boyhood days and of my youth, a truly renowned scholar, literary figure and critic. His teaching days in the Department of Welsh at the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth spanned five decades, from 1914 to 1952 (he held the Chair of Welsh there with great distinction from 1920 to 1952). I treasure the memory of having been a member of a large post-war first year undergraduate class in his Department as long ago as 1947.
Celtic Studies in Poland in the 20th century: a bibliography
Authors: Stalmaszczyk Piotr
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Celtic Studies are concerned with the languages, literature, culture, mythology, religion, art, history, and archaeology of historical and contemporary Celtic countries and traces of Celtic influences elsewhere. The historical Celtic countries include ancient Gaul, Galatia, Celtiberia, Italy, Britain and Ireland, whereas the modern Celtic territories are limited to Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Cornwall and Brittany. It has to be stressed that Celtic Studies are not identical with Irish (or Scottish, Welsh, or Breton) Studies, though they are, for obvious reasons, closely connected.
Synthesis, crystal structure and thermal studies of
trans-Bis(acetato- κO) diaqua-bis[
μ-oxo-(3-dimethylaminopropanolato- κ
2N,O)copper(II)] dihydrate
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Mazhar Muhammad , Hamid Mazhar
Published: February 2021

The complex, [Cu(dmap)(OAc)(H 2O)] 2· 2H 2O
(dmap = N,N-dimethylaminopropanolato, OAc = acetato) was
synthesized by drop-by-drop addition of
N,N-dimethylaminopropanol to copper(II) acetate dihydrate
suspended in toluene. The blue crystalline product was characterized by its
melting point, elemental analysis, infrared spectral study, mass analysis,
thermal analysis and by the single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Compound (
1) crystalizes in triclinic space group,
P̄1, a= 6.3716(9) Å,
b= 8.2719(12) Å, c= 10.9254(16)
Å, α= 79.918(2)°, β=
81.812(2)°, γ= 77.171(2)° and
Z= 1. The complex ( 1) is binuclear. The
copper s’ environment is square pyramidal with chelating
dimethylaminopropanol rings being in the equatorial and water molecules in axial
positions. Acetate ligands are attached to Cu viaoxygen, in a
monodentate mode while the C=O oxygen is involved in
O···H–O H-bonds with water molecules.
Dimethylaminopropanol serves as a chelating as well as bridging ligand.
Die Intensität der an gebogenen Glimmerspaltflächen in höheren Ordnungen reflektierten Röntgenstrahlung
Authors: Heisel A. , Trono To Ba
Published: February 2021

Reflection properties of the mica-cleavage plane (001) for x-rays were investigated up to the 20th order with the aid of an x-ray spectrometer and by the rotating-crystal method. They were compared with calculated structure amplitudes. The results of the different procedures were in good agreement. Intense spectra can be obtained especially in the 3rd and 5th, and still in the 4th, 8th, and 11th orders of reflection.
The crystal structure of arsenic tribromide
Authors: Trotter J.
Published: February 2021

Auszug

AsBr3-Rristalle sind rhombisch; o = 4,33 Å, 6 = 10,24 Å, c = 12,20 Å, Ζ= 4, Raumgruppe Ρ212121. Die Struktur wurde bestimmt mittels Patterson- und Fouriertransform-Methoden auf Grund geschätzter Intensitäten. Die Verfeinerung durch Ausgleichsrechnung führte zu R = 0,19 für 408 beobachtete Interferenzen. Die Kristalle sind aufgebaut aus AsBr3-MoleküIen mit As-Br = 2,36 ± 0,01 Å und Br-As-Br = 97,7° ± 0,3°. Die kürzesten intermolekularen Abstände sind As · · · Br = 3,72 Å, Br · · · Br = 3,79 Å und As · · · As = 4,33 Å.
Inorganic salt hydrates and zeolites composites studies for thermochemical heat storage
Authors: Rehman Ata Ur , Shah Muhammad Zahir , Rasheed Shehla , Afzal Wasim , Arsalan Muhammad , Rahman Habib Ur , Ullah Mati , Zhao Tianyu , Ullah Ihsan , Din Ala Ud , Ullah Saif , Shah Rahim , Iqbal Muhammad , Maosheng Zheng , Guan Zheng-Hui
Published: February 2021

Salt hydrates (MgSO4 and ZnSO4) impregnated in zeolites, offer a variety of improvements, mostly providing a large surface area for salt hydrates and water molecules. A composite of 5 and 10% of salt contents were prepared as heat storage materials. The study’s finding showed that dehydration enthalpy of MgSO4 (1817 J g−1) and ZnSO4 (1586 J g−1) were 10 and 15% improved than pure salt hydrates by making composites. During the hydration process of composites, the water sorption is 30–37% improved and further the increasing of salt contents in composites enhances more 10% increase in the water resorption. The cyclicability of MgSO4/zeolite and ZnSO4/zeolite were 45 and 51% improved than their corresponding pure salt hydrates. The effect of humidity on the water sorption result reveals that composites of MgSO4/zeolite and ZnSO4/zeolite at 75% relative humidity (RH), the mass of water are 51 and 40% increase than 55% RH.
On Minimum Phase
Authors: Ilchmann Achim , Wirth Fabian
Published: February 2021

We discuss the concept of `minimum phase' for scalar semi Hurwitz
transfer functions. The latter are rational functions where the
denominator polynomial has its roots in the closed left half complex
plane. In the present note, minimum phase is defined in terms of the
derivative of the argument function of the transfer function. The
main tool to characterize minimum phase is the Hurwitz reflection.
The factorization of a weakly stable transfer function into an
all-pass and a minimum phase system leads to the result that any semi
Hurwitz transfer function is minimum phase if, and only if, its
numerator polynomial is semi Hurwitz. To characterize the zero
dynamics, we use the Byrnes-Isidori form in the time domain and the
internal loop form in the frequency domain. The uniqueness of both
forms is shown. This is used to show in particular that asymptotic
stable zero dynamics of a minimal realization of a transfer function
yields minimum phase, but not vice versa.
The US Transuranium and Uranium Registries: forty years' experience and new directions in the analysis of actinides in human tissues
Authors: Tolmachev S. Y. , Ketterer M. E. , Hare D. , Doble P. , James A. C.
Published: February 2021

The US Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) studies the distribution, biokinetics and tissue dosimetry of actinide elements through radiochemical analysis of autopsy tissues voluntarily donated by occupationally exposed persons. The paper provides an overview of the analytical methods for plutonium (Pu), americium (Am) and uranium (U) isotopic determination in human tissues currently applied at USTUR. The results of inter-comparing 239+240Pu, 241Am and 234,235,238U determinations by sector field inductively coupled mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS), α-spectrometry (AS) and kinetic phosphorescence analysis (KPA) are discussed. SF-ICP-MS is a major advance over AS and KPA in enabling the measurement of the 240Pu/ 239Pu atom ratio, the short-lived β-emitter 241Pu, and long-lived 236U. For the first time, 241Am and 241Pu were measured in human tissues using SF-ICP-MS. The paper also presents a new avenue of USTUR research in the application of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to elemental bio-imaging (EBI) of the actinides in human tissues.
Development and analysis of a dynamic compartment model to predict carbon-14 behavior in rice paddy field for dose assessment of atmospheric release
Authors: Takahashi T. , Takahashi S. , Yamamoto K. , Tagami K. , Ishi N. , Uchida S.
Published: February 2021

Carbon-14 is one of the critical radionuclides for the dose estimation from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants and nuclear waste disposal facilities. To assess the impact on public health caused by carbon-14 released from these nuclear facilities in Japan, a reasonable estimation of internal dose from the rice ingestion is necessary because rice is a staple food. Therefore, we are developing a dynamic compartment model to predict carbon-14 behavior in atmosphere – paddy soil – rice plant system and carbon-14 concentration in rice by using a migration prediction code, MOGRA. In this model, growing curves of “leaf and stem part” and “ear part” of a rice plant were fitted to sigmoid curves. The transfer coefficients between the compartments were estimated by using sub-models and parameters which describe transfer mechanisms of carbon in a rice paddy field, such as photosynthesis, translocation and respiration in a rice plant. A validation study of the model, carried out with “Rice Scenario” presented by the IAEA EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for RAdiation Safety) project, showed that the developed model can be practically used to predict the carbon-14 concentration in rice. The model was also applied for hypothetical releases of carbon-14 from nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. In addition, parameter sensitivity analyses were carried out to select critical parameters.
A study of 32P-phosphate uptake in a plant by a real-time RI imaging system
Authors: Yamawaki M. , Kanno S. , Ishibashi H. , Noda A. , Hirose A. , Tanoi K. , Nakanishi T. M.
Published: February 2021

It is very important to visualize the process of nutrient absorption and distribution to study the physiological activity of the plant. We developed a real-time radioisotope (RI) imaging system, where RI tracers were applied to the plant sample. This system allowed the quantitative measurement concerning the uptake of nutrients labeled with radioisotopes, such as 45Ca, 35S, 32P and 14C as long as several days. The β-rays emitted from the sample were converted to light by a CsI(Tl) scintillator and were guided to a highly sensitive CCD camera. The scintillator surface was covered with an Al plate to avoid LED light penetration but allow selected β-ray penetration. We employed Lotus japonicus for the plant sample and observed the 32P-phosphate absorption in roots and the accumulation to the aboveground part of the plant. The environment condition of daytime and night was simulated by the ON/OFF of LED timer and the accumulation manner of the 32P-phosphate in roots and leaves during daytime and night was analyzed. The accumulation of 32P-phosphate in leaves was highly dependant on light irradiation and higher when the LEDs was turned on, whereas the absorption of 32P-phosphate in root was higher when the LEDs was turned off. The transfer function concerning the transportation of phosphate within the plant during the developmental stage was obtained from the analysis of 32P uptake images. We are now trying to get specific moving images of each radioisotope when two kinds of isotopes, such as 32P and 35S, were applied at the same time to the plant, through an image analysis.
Characteristics of the elemental compositions of particulate matter at a subway platform using INAA and XRF
Authors: Lim J. M. , Jeong J. H. , Jung B. W. , Lee J. H. , Moon J. H. , Chung Y. S. , Kim K.-H.
Published: February 2021

In this study, a total of 21 elements were determined from PM2.5 and PM10 samples collected at one subway station using INAA and XRF. In order to assess the pollution status and distribution characteristics in a subway station, the absolute concentration levels, concentration ratios, and crustal enrichment factors of these elements were analyzed. PM2.5 concentrations in the subway station varied in the range of 24.8 to 72.6 μg m−3 (average  ±  standard deviation: 42.6 ± 10.6 μg m−3), while those of PM10 from 38.0 to 101 μg m−3 (67.2 ± 15.5 μg m−3). The relative contribution of elemental components in each particle fraction accounted for about 42 and 44%, respectively. Out of all metals, Fe was predominant to represent about 29 and 27% of each particle fraction. In contrast, the crustal sources were estimated to contribute to about 3.7 and 2.3% of the total Fe concentrations, respectively. Thus, one can conclude that considerable quantities of airborne Fe particles originated mainly from subway sources, probably due to the wearing of the steel products like wheel, rail, brake, etc.
Isotope production for medical usage using fast neutron reactions
Authors: Hatsukawa Y. , Nagai Y. , Kin T. , Segawa M. , Harada H. , Iwamoto O. , Iwamoto N. , Ochiai K. , Takakura K. , Konno C. , Hashimoto M.
Published: February 2021

99Mo was produced by the 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo reaction using 14-MeV neutrons from the D(3H,n)4He reaction at Fusion Neutronics Source Facility (FNS) at JAEA.

A target of titanium oxide gel with molybdenum oxide was irradiated and used as the 99mTc/99Mo generator.

The growth curve of 99mTc in the titanium gel target and the elution curve of 99mTc from the 99Mo/99mTc generator were obtained.
Interaction of uranium(VI) towards glutathione – an example to study different functional groups in one molecule
Authors: Frost L. , Geipel Gerhard , Viehweger K. , Bernhard G.
Published: February 2021

Glutathione, the most abundant thiol compound of the cell, has a great binding potential towards heavy metal ions. Hence it might influence the distribution of actinides on a cellular level. The unknown strength of the interaction of uranium(VI) with glutathione at physiologically relevant pH is subject of this paper and was studied with UV-vis spectroscopy and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). The complex stability constant of UO2H2GS+, logβ
0
121, was calculated to be 39.09 ± 0.15 and 39.04 ± 0.02 in case of UV-vis spectroscopy and TRLFS respectively. Therefore the average formation constant for UO2
2+ + H2GS− = UO2H2GS+ can be assigned to be log K
0
11 = 19.83 ± 0.15. Furthermore it was demonstrated that derivatization of the ligand associated with an enhancement of the ligand's spectroscopic properties can be used for the determination of complex stability constants and to assess the coordination chemistry in more detail. Using UV-vis spectroscopy, the stability constant of the complex between UO2
2+ and glutathione pyruvate S-conjugate, a well absorbing ligand in contrast to glutathione, was calculated to be >39.24 ± 0.08. Furthermore the interaction of UO2
2+ with glutathione derivatized with the fluorescent label monobromobimane was examined with femtosecond laser fluorescence spectroscopy. Thereby the stability constant of the 1:1 complex was determined to be >39.35 ± 0.02. Although the thiol group of glutathione was blocked a strong coordination was found. Thus a significant involvement of the thiol group in the coordination of U(VI) can be excluded.
Investigation of mineral distribution in bone by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy after tibolone therapy
Authors: Lima I. , Carvalho A. C. B. , Henriques H. N. , Sales E. , Granjeiro J. M. , Guzmán-Silva M. A. , Lopes R. T.
Published: February 2021

Tibolone is a synthetic steroid with estrogenic, androgenic, and progestagenic properties used for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and treatment of climacteric symptoms. Tibolone shows almost no action on breast and endometrium, which are target-organs for estrogens and progesterone activity. The aim of this work was to investigate the spatial distribution of calcium and zinc minerals in the femoral head of ovariectomized rat in order to evaluate the effects of the long-term administration of tibolone. For that purpose X-ray microfluorescence was used with synchrotron radiation imaging technique which was performed at Brazilian Light Synchrotron Laboratory, Campinas, SP. Minerals were not homogeneously distributed in trabecular bone areas; a higher concentration of calcium in the trabecular regions at femoral heads was found in ovariectomized and tibolone-treated rats compared to ovariectomized and control groups.