bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable Universal 1‐ and 2‐Input Single‐Molecule Logic Gates
Authors: Liu Ran , Han Yingmei , Sun Feng , Khatri Gyan , Kwon Jaesuk , Nickle Cameron , Wang Lejia , Wang Chuan‐Kui , Thompson Damien , Li Zong‐Liang , Nijhuis Christian A. , del Barco Enrique
Published: May 2022

Controllable single‐molecule logic operations will enable development of reliable ultra‐minimalistic circuit elements for high‐density computing but require stable currents from multiple orthogonal inputs in molecular junctions. Utilizing the two unique adjacent conductive molecular orbitals (MOs) of gated Au/S‐(CH2)3‐Fc‐(CH2)9‐S/Au (Fc = ferrocene) single‐electron transistors (≈2 nm), a stable single‐electron logic calculator (SELC) is presented, which allows real‐time modulation of output current as a function of orthogonal input bias (Vb) and gate (Vg) voltages. Reliable and low‐voltage (ǀVbǀ ≤ 80 mV, ǀVgǀ ≤ 2 V) operations of the SELC depend upon the unambiguous association of current resonances with energy shifts of the MOs (which show an invariable, small energy separation of ≈100 meV) in response to the changes of voltages, which is confirmed by electron‐transport calculations. Stable multi‐logic operations based on the SELC modulated current conversions between the two resonances and Coulomb blockade regimes are demonstrated via the implementation of all universal 1‐input (YES/NOT/PASS_1/PASS_0) and 2‐input (AND/XOR/OR/NAND/NOR/INT/XNOR) logic gates.
ITO Top‐Electrodes via Industrial‐Scale PLD for Efficient Buffer‐Layer‐Free Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zanoni Kassio P. S. , Paliwal Abhyuday , Hernández‐Fenollosa M Angeles , Repecaud Pierre‐Alexis , Morales‐Masis Monica , Bolink Henk J.
Published: May 2022

The deposition of transparent conductive oxides (TCO) usually employs harsh conditions that are frequently harmful to soft/organic underlayers. Herein, successful use of an industrial pulsed laser deposition (PLD) tool to directly deposit indium tin oxide (ITO) films on semitransparent vacuum‐deposited perovskite solar cells without damage to the device stack is demonstrated. The morphological, electronic, and optical properties of the PLD deposited ITO films are optimized. A direct relation between the PLD chamber pressure and the solar cell performance is obtained. The semitransparent perovskite solar cells prepared exclusively by vacuum‐assisted techniques had fill factors of 78% and exceeded 18% in power conversion efficiencies. This demonstrates that the direct deposition of TCO‐based top electrodes without protective buffer layers is possible and leads to efficient devices.
Metal‐ and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Maleimide Fused Carbazoles from (Indol‐3‐Yl)cyclohexanones and Maleimides
Authors: Fang Fang , Zheng Haolin , Li Weipeng , Mao Guojiang , Chen Shanping , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: May 2022

A metal‐ and solvent‐free strategy for the preparation of maleimide‐fused carbazoles has been developed. This protocol started from 2‐(indol‐3‐yl)cyclohexanones and maleimides, providing various maleimide‐fused carbazoles in 45–90% yields. The present approach was catalyzed by trimethylsulfoxonium iodide and involved a cascade of oxidation, [4+2] annulation, and dehydrogenative aromatization. Moreover, these maleimide‐fused carbazole products could be further transformed into other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Substrate‐Controlled Regioselectivity Switch in a Three‐Component 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction to Access 3,3′‐Pyrrolidinyl‐Spirooxindoles Derivatives
Authors: Wang Kai‐Kai , Li Yan‐Li , Chen Rong‐Xiang , Sun Ai‐Li , Wang Zhan‐Yong , Zhao Ying‐Chao , Wang Ming‐Yue , Sheng Shi
Published: May 2022

The additive‐free 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of isatin‐derived azomethine ylides with α‐cyano‐α,β‐unsaturated compounds was developed, which enabled diversity‐oriented synthesis of a series of novel and structurally complex 3,3′‐pyrrolidinyl‐spirooxindoles derivatives containing four contiguous and two quaternary stereogenic centers in high yields (up to 92%) and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >25:1 dr). The reaction displays switchable regioselectivity depending on the steric effect of the substrates.

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Substrate‐Induced Synthesis of Coumarin‐Fused Quinolinones from Anilines, 4‐Hydroxycoumarins and DMSO under Air
Authors: Shi Xu , Zhang Qingqing , Wang Anan , Jiang Tao‐Shan
Published: May 2022

Substrate‐induced synthesis of 6H‐Chromeno[4,3‐b]quinolin‐6‐ones has been developed directly from anilines, 4‐hydroxycoumarins and DMSO under air without any catalysts and additives in one pot. This protocol highlights dual roles of 4‐hydroxycoumarins which were not only used as reactants but also activated DMSO to provide one‐carbon unit in the desired products.

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Defluorinative Alkylation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes with Soft Carbon Nucleophiles Enabled by a Catalytic Amount of Base
Authors: Gao Ya , Qin Wei , Tian Ming‐Qing , Zhao Xuefei , Hu Xu‐Hong
Published: May 2022

Direct manipulation of readily accessible trifluoromethyl alkenes (TAs) represents an attractive approach to the preparation of diversified fluorine‐containing compounds. In this study, defluorinative alkylation reactions of TAs with a broad array of soft carbon nucleophiles have been documented. Nucleophilic substitutions occur enabled by a catalytic amount of base, providing access to tertiary alkyl substituted gem‐difluoroalkenes and 2‐fluoro‐4H‐pyrans. By extending the nucleophiles to silyl enol ethers, defluorination can be achieved in the absence of base to give gem‐difluoroalkenes. This process, which eliminates the requirement of organometallic reagents, transition metals, or strong bases for the C−F bond cleavage, is applicable to late‐stage modification of complex molecules.

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Optimization of Metamaterial‐Based Solar Energy Absorber for Enhancing Solar Thermal Energy Conversion Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Patel Shobhit K. , Surve Jaymit , Katkar Vijay , Parmar Juveriya
Published: May 2022

A highly efficient psi‐shaped solar energy absorber in the paper is developed. This structure is designed using titanium‐based psi shaped resonator, SiO2 based substrate, and Tungsten metal‐based base layer to achieve a near‐perfect ultrawideband absorption spectrum under solar radiation. The average absorption of 97.04% is achieved in the observed range including the ultraviolet to mid‐infrared regimes and the ultrawideband characteristics are also achieved. It is also noted that for the bandwidth of 3730 and 2500 nm, above 90% and 95% absorption rate are achieved, respectively. The effect of several design parameters on the spectrum of absorption is explored and accordingly, optimized design is identified. Furthermore, the absorption response of the developed solar energy absorber is polarization‐insensitive and wide‐angle from 0° to 50°. Experiments are meant to identify the optimal parameter values for solar absorber design by employing a random restart hill climbing optimization approach. According to the experimental data, this strategy can reduce the computing power and time requirements of the simulation process by 97.57%.
Defect‐Assisted Electron Tunneling for Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol at Low Overpotentials
Authors: Kan Miao , Yang Chao , Wang Qihao , Zhang Quan , Yan Yaqin , Liu Kunhao , Guan Anxiang , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: May 2022

A Si/ZnO/Cu2O p‐n‐p heterojunction potential well with electron tunnels is fabricated for selective photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction to ethanol. This heterojunction is formed by growing n‐type ZnO nanosheets between defect‐rich p‐type Cu2O nanoparticles and nanoporous p‐type Si. Due to the existence of this potential well, the photogenerated electrons are trapped and accumulate inside n‐ZnO at low biases with the assistance of a ≈0.6 V built‐in potential, and escape into the Cu2O defect band. Under simulated sunlight, the Si/ZnO/Cu2O photocathode exhibits an onset potential of 0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for aqueous photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction. Due to the confined electron energy in tunneling, the product selectivity is substantially tuned from CO or formate to ethanol, with an excellent Faradaic efficiency of ethanol over 60% at 0 V versus RHE.
Consumer choices in agricultural markets with multitier collective labels and private brands
Authors: Zhu Zhanguo , Shen Qinyuan , Gao Zhifeng
Published: May 2022

Food labels can convey reputations by containing quality cues, such as variety, region of origin, and producers. A multitier label structure consisting of two collective labels (a product‐specific collective label [e.g., Yantai Apple] and a general collective label [e.g., Shandong Agricultural Products]) and a private brand (an enterprise [e.g., Dole] or cooperative brand [e.g., Yantai Xinnong]) may be used as an effective tool to increase the competitiveness of certain food products. However, little is known about the effects of multitier labels on consumer preferences. We investigate consumer valuation for a single label (a collective label or a private brand), dual labels (two collective labels, or a collective label and a private brand), and multitier labels (two collective labels and a private brand), respectively. The results show that consumers are willing to pay premiums for different labels, particularly collective labels. Consumers' valuation of dual labels is higher than a single label. However, there are significant substitution effects between product‐specific collective labels, general collective labels, and private brands. Moreover, consumers' valuation for dual collective labels is higher than a dual collective label and private brand. The high degree of market recognition for collective labels and private brands aids policymakers and producers in developing appropriate labeling strategies.
Hardware‐Mappable Cellular Neural Networks for Distributed Wavefront Detection in Next‐Generation Cardiac Implants
Authors: Yang Zhuolin , Zhang Lei , Aras Kedar , Efimov Igor R. , Adam Gina C.
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence algorithms are being adopted to analyze medical data, promising faster interpretation to support doctors’ diagnostics. The next frontier is to bring these powerful algorithms to implantable medical devices. Herein, a closed‐loop solution is proposed, where a cellular neural network is used to detect abnormal wavefronts and wavebrakes in cardiac signals recorded in human tissue is trained to achieve >96% accuracy, >92% precision, >99% specificity, and >93% sensitivity, when floating point precision weights are assumed. Unfortunately, the current hardware technologies for floating point precision are too bulky or energy intensive for compact standalone applications in medical implants. Emerging device technologies, such as memristors, can provide the compact and energy‐efficient hardware fabric to support these efforts and can be reliably embedded with existing sensor and actuator platforms in implantable devices. A distributed design that considers the hardware limitations in terms of overhead and limited bit precision is also discussed. The proposed distributed solution can be easily adapted to other medical technologies that require compact and efficient computing, like wearable devices and lab‐on‐chip platforms.
A rapid review of systematic reviews on the effectiveness of synchronous online learning in an occupational context
Authors: Robson Lynda S. , Irvin Emma , Padkapayeva Kathy , Begum Momtaz , Zukowski Melanie
Published: May 2022

Background

This study examined the effectiveness of synchronous online learning (SOL) for occupational purposes relative to face‐to‐face (F2F) learning.

Methods

Seven bibliographic databases were searched, and publications meeting the inclusion criteria were sought. Title and abstract screening, article screening, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction were carried out by two independent reviewers.

Results

Three systematic reviews meeting the inclusion criteria were consistent in providing evidence that there was generally no difference between SOL and F2F learning in their effects on knowledge or skills.

Conclusions

Based on the sparse evidence base examined in this review, we conclude that SOL and traditional F2F learning for occupational or career preparation purposes are similarly effective for learners at the undergraduate level or higher. Much caution should be taken with this assumption when delivering content of a more hands‐on nature and when adult learners have less educational preparation, since research is lacking in these areas.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of intellectual, neuropsychological, and psychoeducational functioning in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Crow Andrew J. D. , Janssen Jennica M. , Marshall Carolina , Moffit Anne , Brennan Laura , Kohler Christian G. , Roalf David R. , Moberg Paul J.
Published: May 2022

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder frequently associated with cognitive deficits. Despite cognitive deficits being a key feature of NF1, the profile of such impairments in NF1 has been shown to be heterogeneous. Thus, we sought to quantitatively synthesize the extant literature on cognitive functioning in NF1. A random‐effects meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies was carried out comparing cognitive functioning of patients with NF1 to typically developing or unaffected sibling comparison subjects of all ages. Analyses included 50 articles (Total NNF1 = 1,522; MAge = 15.70 years, range = 0.52–69.60), yielding 460 effect sizes. Overall moderate deficits were observed [g = −0.64, 95% CI = (−0.69, −0.60)] wherein impairments differed at the level of cognitive domain. Deficits ranged from large [general intelligence: g = −0.95, 95% CI = (−1.12, −0.79)] to small [emotion: g = −0.37, 95% CI = (−0.63, −0.11)]. Moderation analyses revealed nonsignificant contributions of age, sex, educational attainment, and parental level of education to outcomes. These results illustrate that cognitive impairments are diffuse and salient across the lifespan in NF1. Taken together, these results further demonstrate efforts should be made to evaluate and address cognitive morbidity in patients with NF1 in conjunction with existing best practices.
Towards Upcycling Biomass‐Derived Crosslinked Polymers with Light
Authors: Singathi Ravichandranath , Raghunathan Ramya , Krishnan Retheesh , Kumar Rajendran Saravana , Baburaj Sruthy , Sibi Mukund P. , Webster Dean C. , Sivaguru Jayaraman
Published: May 2022

Photodegradable, recyclable, and renewable, crosslinked polymers from bioresources show promise towards developing a sustainable strategy to address the issue of plastics degradability and recyclability. Photo processes are not widely exploited for upcycling polymers in spite of the potential to have spatial and temporal control of the degradation in addition to being a green process. In this report we highlight a methodology in which biomass‐derived crosslinked polymers can be programmed to degrade at ≈300 nm with ≈60 % recovery of the monomer. The recovered monomer was recycled back to the crosslinked polymer.
A Tandem Dehydrogenation‐Driven Cross‐Coupling between Cyclohexanones and Primary Amines for Construction of Benzoxazoles
Authors: Xu Biping , Su Weiping
Published: May 2022

Herein, we report a transition metal‐free, operationally simple, general method for straightforward syntheses of 2‐substituted benzoxazoles from readily available cyclohexanones and aliphatic primary amines by an imine α‐oxygenation‐initiated cascade reaction sequence. The key to achieving high selectivity and excellent functional‐group tolerance is the use of TEMPO as a mild oxidant that selectively oxidizes the reaction intermediates through its multiple reactivity modes, thus facilitating the individual steps to proceed in succession. More than 70 substrate combinations are disclosed, demonstrating the reliability of this protocol to synthesize structurally diverse products, including marketed drugs, drug candidate, and natural products that are unattainable by the existing methods.
Amplification‐Free Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Using CRISPR Cas13a and Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Li Huijie , Yang Jie , Wu Guangfu , Weng Zhengyan , Song Yang , Zhang Yuxuan , Vanegas Jeffrey A. , Avery Lori , Gao Zan , Sun He , Chen Yupeng , Dieckhaus Kevin D. , Gao Xue , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2022

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated (Cas) systems have recently received notable attention for their applications in nucleic acid detection. Despite many attempts, the majority of current CRISPR‐based biosensors in infectious respiratory disease diagnostic applications still require target preamplifications. This study reports a new biosensor for amplification‐free nucleic acid detection via harnessing the trans‐cleavage mechanism of Cas13a and ultrasensitive graphene field‐effect transistors (gFETs). CRISPR Cas13a‐gFET achieves the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) genome down to 1 attomolar without target preamplifications. Additionally, we validate the detection performance using clinical SARS‐CoV‐2 samples, including those with low viral loads (Ct value >30). Overall, these findings establish our CRISPR Cas13a‐gFET among the most sensitive amplification‐free nucleic acid diagnostic platforms to date.
Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines by Radical Allylation of Imines with Butadiene under Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Yan Huaipu , Liao Qian , Zhang Dandan , Lin Shuangjie , Hao Erjun , Murtaza Rukhsana , Li Chenchen , Wu Chao , Duan Chunying , Shi Lei
Published: May 2022

Ionic (2 e−) nucleophilic addition of allylmetal regents to imines dominates the synthesis of homo‐allyl amine; however, single electron (1 e−) mediated imine allylation with feedstocks butadiene as an alternative allyl source remains unexplored. In this work, we report a conceptually different radical–radical cross‐coupling strategy for the synthesis of a homoallyl amine between an α‐amino alkyl radical and a transient allylic radical. This metal‐free method provided a novel approach for the synthesis of homoallylic amines (>80 examples) from readily available materials with excellent regioselectivity and exceptional broad functional group compatibility.
Bridging the Bays, Both Ways: A Janus Butterfly‐Shaped Intense NIR‐Emitting Terrylene Diimide
Authors: Singh Mehra Kundan , Jha Shivangee , Bhandary Subhrajyoti , Mandal Dipendranath , Mishra Ruchika , Sankar Jeyaraman
Published: May 2022

Molecules with intense near‐IR (NIR) emission are beneficial for modern applications such as night vision, bio‐imaging etc. However, elaborate synthetic manipulations make them demanding to accomplish. Herein, we present a simple yet exciting strategy to obtain novel Janus butterfly‐shaped terrylene diimide derivatives with carbazole wings having absorption and intense emission in the NIR. Especially, unsymmetrically substituted terrylene diimides (TDIs) have been observed to have impressive emission quantum yields (up to 93 %), highest for this class of compounds. Minimal structural distortion as evidenced from structural characterization has been shown to correlate with these observations. Also, a novel two‐tiered TDI‐carbazole having an intense emission at 897 nm is also reported. Our strategy demonstrates that efficient near‐IR luminophores can be achieved via precise functionalization.
Hourly rolling correction of precipitation forecast via convolutional and long short‐term memory networks
Authors: Yang Ruyi , Mu Jianli , Wang Shudong , Wang Lijuan
Published: May 2022

In order to improve precipitation forecast from GRAPES_Meso V4.0 in China, we propose a 1–6‐h rolling correction solution, based on infrared (IR) channels from geostationary meteorological satellite and surface observation data. In particular, we design a deep learning extrapolation model to predict the evolution of cloud clusters based on convolutional neural networks and long short‐term memory networks. The predicted cloud clusters, together with the relationship between the rainfall area and the cloud position, are applied to correct the 1–6‐h precipitation forecast. We conduct comprehensive experiments to evaluate the proposed solution over China. Experimental results show that the deep learning model can successfully capture spatial characteristics and temporal variations between the sequences, and achieve reliable predictions of cloud clusters. The analysis further indicates that the rolling correction solution via the predicted cloud clusters has improved the precipitation forecast in China. The distribution of corrected precipitation forecast is more consistent with the observed precipitation compared to GRAPES_Meso forecast. In particular, the rolling correction model could enhance the forecast on “rain/no‐rain” events, light rain, and moderate rain according to TS, ETS, BIAS, and FAR metrics.
Reduced mismatch negativity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder is associated with their impaired adaptive functioning
Authors: Lassen Jonathan , Oranje Bob , Vestergaard Martin , Foldager Malene , Kjær Troels W. , Arnfred Sidse , Aggernæs Bodil
Published: May 2022

Children and adolescents on the autism spectrum display sensory disturbances, rigid and repetitive behavior, social communication problems and a high prevalence of impaired adaptive functioning. Autism is associated with slowed behavioral and neural habituation to repeated sensory input and decreased responses to sensory deviations. Mismatch negativity (MMN) reflects a pre‐attentive difference in the neural response to sensory deviations relative to regularities and studies overall suggest that children and adolescents with autism tend to have smaller MMN. However, it remains unclear whether reduced MMN in autism is coupled to severity of specific autistic symptoms or more generally to lower level of adaptive functioning. To address these questions, the present study used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess whether auditory MMN in 59 children and adolescents with autism aged 7–14 years compared to 59 typically developing children and adolescents were related to specific autistic symptoms or level in adaptive functioning. As hypothesized, the autism group had a lower MMN amplitude than controls. Smaller MMN amplitudes were specifically associated with lower adaptive functioning in the autistic subjects but not in controls while no apparent relationships were observed with autistic‐like social interaction and communication problems, atypical language, rigidity, stereotypy or sensory sensitivity symptoms. Our findings indicate that a blunted response to changes in sensory input may underlie or contribute to the generalized difficulties with adapting to daily life circumstances seen in children and adolescents with autism.

Lay Summary

Children and adolescents on the autism spectrum have a high prevalence of impaired adaptive functioning. Neuroimaging studies have reported that children and adolescents with autism display attenuated brain activity when discriminating sensory input. However, it is unknown whether this attenuation is related to autistic symptoms and/or adaptive functioning. The present study used electroencephalogram (EEG) to show that attenuated brain response in discrimination of novel compared to repetitive sounds in children and adolescents with autism is related to their impaired adaptive functioning.
Impact of teaching computer programming using innovative pedagogy embedded with live online lectures and related tools: A randomized control trial
Authors: Omeh Christian B. , Olelewe Chijioke J. , Nwangwu Emmanuel C.
Published: May 2022

This study focused on the impact of teaching a computer programming course using innovative pedagogy namely a combination of context‐based learning and problem‐based interspersed with live online tools (Google Classroom and Google Meet) on university students in southeast, Nigeria. This study used a quasi‐experimental research design and intact classes with a nonequivalent group. The population for the study comprised all 152 second‐year computer education students in universities in Southeast Nigeria that offers computer programming. The sample consists of 60 males and 92 females in the three universities used. A computer programming achievement test was used to collect the data. The result showed that students worked collaboratively on the Google classroom and Google meet platforms, effectively enhancing collaboration learning among novice programmers as they chose when to learn, thus making the teaching and learning of programming less difficult. Findings further showed that student academic achievement significantly improved in programming skills, digital skills development, and self‐efficacy in the treatment group more than in the control group. This improved performance was attributed to self‐efficacy which was attributed to IP students were exposed to. It was suggested that computer lecturers should integrate innovative pedagogy using Google classroom and Google meet in their instructional delivery approaches.
Spirometry at diagnosis and overall survival in non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Zhai Ting , Li Yi , Brown Robert , Lanuti Michael , Gainor Justin F. , Christiani David C.
Published: May 2022

Pulmonary function can predict all‐cause mortality, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with worse overall survival (OS) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Though pre‐operative lung function is predictive of in‐hospital mortality following lung cancer surgery, its predictive utility for long‐term survival is unclear. The prognostic role of commonly used spirometry tests in survival of lung cancer also remains uncertain. This study evaluates the role of spirometry at lung cancer diagnosis in predicting OS of NSCLC patients. This was a retrospective study using data from the Boston Lung Cancer Study on newly diagnosed NSCLC patients with spirometry tests performed before cancer therapy (n = 2805). Spirometric test values, after being categorized using quartiles, were analyzed for association with OS using univariate and risk‐adjusted multiple regression models. Further, we analyzed OS by the status of COPD determined by spirometry, and, among those with COPD, by its stage defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. Both univariate and multiple regression models demonstrated that lower quartiles of actual and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity at lung cancer diagnosis were significantly associated with worse OS. Spirometry‐determined COPD, and more advanced stage of COPD at lung cancer diagnosis were associated with worse lung cancer OS. The findings provide evidence that a good pulmonary function at diagnosis may help improve OS in NSCLC patients.
γ‐Aromatic Butenolides of Microbial Source – A Review of Their Structures, Biological Activities and Biosynthesis
Authors: Fan Hao , Wei Xia , Si‐Tu Mei‐Xia , Lei Yan‐Hu , Zhou Feng‐Guo , Zhang Cui‐Xian
Published: May 2022

γ‐Aromatic butenolides (γ‐AB) are an important type of structures found in many bioactive microbial secondary metabolites (SMs). γ‐AB refer to a group of natural products (NPs) containing five‐membered (unsaturated) lactones with 3‐phenyl and 4‐benzyl substituents. Their wide‐range biological activities have inspired pharmaceutical chemists to explore its biosynthesis mechanisms and design strategies to construct the γ‐AB skeleton. Recently, there are a great deal of interesting research progress on the structures, biological activities and biosynthesis of γ‐AB. This review will focus on these aspects and summarize the important achievements of γ‐AB from 1975 to 2021.
Congenital cutaneous candidiasis in a premature neonate: A case report
Authors: Ruiz‐Cabrera Jose Ricardo , Meléndrez‐Vásquez Daniela , Moreno Diana Melissa , Prieto‐Jure Reinaldo
Published: May 2022

Congenital cutaneous candidiasis (CCC) is a rare and usually benign disorder that develops within the first week of life. It predominantly presents with diffuse maculopapular and papulopustular erythematous desquamating patches. We report a preterm neonate with respiratory distress syndrome and skin diffuse maculopapular lesions at birth. Candida albicans was isolated from skin and gastrointestinal fluid culture; she underwent medical treatment with topical and systemic antifungal with clinical improvement and skin lesions resolution.
Osteochondroma of talus: A case report from Nepal
Authors: Shah Ajay , Adhikari Shirish , Shah Sangam , Bhandari Prawesh Singh , Uprety Suresh
Published: May 2022

Osteochondroma, the most frequent benign bone tumor, develops in the metaphysis of long bones including the proximal humerus, tibia, and distal femur. The involvement of talus is found only in a few patients. Here, we present a case of osteochondroma of the talus in a 52‐year‐old woman who presented with ankle pain and edema.
Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A recent reality in spinal cord injury rehabilitation
Authors: Fonseca João P. , Coelho Alexandra , Lourenço Ana C. , Pires César , Margalho Paulo
Published: May 2022

Transverse myelitis can be a complication of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We report the case of a transverse myelitis related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Beyond the disease itself, neurological involvement affects functionality. In this situation, physical and rehabilitation medicine plays a crucial role in managing patient rehabilitation.
Redox Mediators in Microbial Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Gemünde André , Lai Bin , Pause Laura , Krömer Jens , Holtmann Dirk
Published: May 2022

Redox mediators are commonly used in microbial electrochemical systems to enable or enhance the electron transfer between microorganisms and electrodes. In recent studies, new insights into the mechanism of mediated extracellular electron transfer were gained, but some questions remain unanswered. In this review, some of the most outstanding research questions regarding the use of redox mediators in microbial electrochemical systems were discussed. These included the recycling of artificial and natural redox mediators, limitations in electron transfer rates by mediator turnover, metabolic burden, membrane permeability, and the putative interaction sites between commonly used redox mediators and the proteins of the electron transport chain of diverse electroactive microorganisms. To simplify the planning of mediator‐based bioelectrochemical systems, these molecular interaction sites were defined by their redox potential and are assigned to redox mediators, known or hypothesized to be able to transfer electrons from or to the specific interaction site. Furthermore, we addressed the kinetics of mediator transfer through the membrane and the potential rate‐limiting step in mediator‐based processes.
Electrochemical Study of Ion Transfers Processes at the Interfaces between Water and Trifluorotoluene and Its Derivatives
Authors: Liu Junjie , Zheng Xinhe , Hua Yutong , Deng Jintao , He Peng , Yu Zhengyou , Zhang Xianhao , Shi Xiaohong , Shao Yuanhua
Published: May 2022

As one phase constituting of a liquid/liquid (L/L) interface, suitable organic solvents are of great significance for the study of electrochemistry at a L/L interface. In this work, the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of simple ion transfer (IT) at the water/trifluorotoluene (W/TFT) interface were measured using micro‐ and nanopipettes voltammetry, respectively. In addition to the study of model ions, we have also explored some ions whose transfer potentials are close to the two ends of the potential window. Inspired by the work of the W/TFT interface, we also further developed two novel L/L interfaces and investigated various simple IT reactions based on the W/o‐ and p‐methylbenzotrifluoride (W/o‐ and p‐MBTF) interfaces. The transfer potential and Gibbs energy of ITs across the W/o‐and p‐MBTF interface were determined by the analysis of the electrochemical voltametric curves. Special attention should be paid to that we can observe the IT peak or steady‐state of tetraamyl ammonium (TAA+) at W/o‐ and p‐MBTF interfaces with no difficulty, which is rather challenging at other L/L interfaces. Compared to the classical W/1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) and W/nitrobenzene (NB) interfaces, the W/TFT and its derivatives interfaces exhibit low toxicity, favourable stability, and wider potential windows, which can be better choices for replacing the traditional organic solvents in the electrochemical study at a L/L interface.
PROTOCOL: Guidance for stakeholder engagement in guideline development: A scoping review
Authors: Petkovic Jennifer , Riddle Alison , Lytvyn Lyubov , Khabsa Joanne , Akl Elie A. , Welch Vivian , Magwood Olivia , Atwere Pearl , Graham Ian D. , Grant Sean , John Denny , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Langlois Etienne , Mustafa Reem A. , Todhunter‐Brown Alex , Schünemann Holger , Smith Maureen , Stein Airton T. , Concannon Tom , Tugwell Peter
Published: May 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: to identify, describe, and summarize existing guidance and methods for multistakeholder engagement throughout the health guideline development process.
Ligand Stabilization Strategy Boosted Electrode Kinetics in Cyanide Metal Organic Framework for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Hongyang , Dandan Yin M. s. , Ali Wajid , Nawab Ali Khan B. s. , Ping Li M. s. , Xuezhen Fan B. s. , Ding Shujiang
Published: May 2022

Cyanide bridged frameworks are excellent pre‐catalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction. Control the hydrolysis product is crucial for design of highly active catalyst. Herein, we introduced pyrazine molecules pillared Hofmann‐type metal organic framework electrocatalysts. The in‐situ formed amorphous hydroxide provided high electrocatalytic activity and the interplanar pyrazine molecule offered structural stability towards alkaline environment, which effectively boosted the OER catalytic activity by offering more accessible active sites. The enhanced structural stability was justified by Raman spectroscopy. The overpotential, Tafel slope, and turn over frequency of the as‐synthesized Hofmann‐type MOF reached 306 mV, 15.6 mV dec−1 and 0.12 s−1, which is significantly better than that of Prussian blue analogue. This work justified the effectiveness of the ligand stabilization strategy in boosting the activity in OER catalysts.
A voltage fluctuation compensation control strategy at DC side for integrated power quality control device
Authors: Pan Guobing , Gong Fei , Zhou Yinghao , Wu Hao , Jin Libing , Wang Jianfeng
Published: May 2022

The power quality control process in the integrated power quality control device, especially for three‐phase unbalance control, usually leads to the capacitor voltage fluctuations on DC side. In rectifier control strategy, the output of the voltage loop is the reference value of the inner current loop, and the DC‐side voltage is the reference value of the voltage loop. Therefore, the DC‐side voltage instability will overlay a fluctuating component on the reference value, which affects the accuracy of the inner current loop control, causing a considerable impact on the transient performance of the integrated power quality control system. Hence, the stability of the DC‐side voltage becomes the main factor of the current loop control strategy. Unfortunately, in practical applications, such fluctuations on DC side are inevitable. In this paper, the DC‐side capacitor voltage fluctuation mechanism is studied, and a comprehensive power quality control strategy based on feed‐forward compensation is proposed to mitigate the DC capacitor voltage fluctuation influence. The proposed compensation control strategy prevents the impact of DC‐side voltage fluctuations on the control system. The simulation conducted on the developed experimental platform verified the feasibility and capability of the feed‐forward control strategy of the integrated power quality control system.
Diabetes mellitus and multiple myeloma; common features of two distinct entities
Authors: Tentolouris Anastasios , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Malandrakis Panagiotis , Tzeravini Evangelia , Gavriatopoulou Maria
Published: May 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has attained the status of a global pandemic. Cardiovascular disease (CV) was the leading cause of morbidity in people with type 2 DM, however, a transition from CV to cancer as the leading contributor to DM related death has been observed lately. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy. Obesity is a common risk factor for both DM and MM. Although data are limited, studies have shown that DM might be associated with increased risk for the development of MM. The presence of DM might affect the course of patients with MM, since hyperglycemia may have an impact on both the efficacy and the adverse effects of antimyeloma therapy. In parallel, DM and MM share common clinical presentations, such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and CV. In terms of antidiabetic medications, metformin might present a synergistic effect with antimyeloma drugs and also prevent some of the adverse effects of these drugs; pioglitazone might have favourable effects when given as add on treatment in people with relapsed or refractory MM. No clinically important interactions have been observed between antidiabetic agents and the most commonly used antimyeloma drugs. Further data are needed to examine the effect of all classes of antidiabetic medication on MM and its complications. A baseline assessment of risk factors for glucose intolerance and close monitoring of glucose levels during therapy is strongly suggested for patients with MM.
Thirst in stable heart failure patients; time to reconsider fluid restriction and prescribed diuretics
Authors: van der Wal Martje H.L. , Jaarsma Tiny , Jenneboer Lieset C. , Linssen Gerard C.M.
Published: May 2022

Aims

One of the bothersome symptoms that heart failure (HF) patients can experience is thirst. There are limited data on the association between thirst and fluid intake and clinical variables. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe severe thirst in stable HF patients and assess factors related to severe thirst, including actual fluid intake and sodium intake.

Methods and results

The study had a cross‐sectional design. Stable HF patients from two HF clinics in the Netherlands were included and assessed thirst by a visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 100. They also completed questionnaires on thirst distress, self‐care behaviour, and HF symptoms. A 3 day food diary was completed to assess actual fluid intake and sodium intake. Finally, patients collected urine for 24 h. Patients were divided into severe and low thirst based on thirst score and thirst distress. T‐tests, Mann–Whitney tests, and χ2 tests were conducted to assess differences between both groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with severe thirst. A total of 100 patients were included (40% female, mean age 72 ± 12) of which 68 completed the food diary. The mean thirst score was 28 ± 25, and 25% experienced severe thirst. The majority of patients (94%) were prescribed a fluid restriction, 37% had a restriction between 1500 and 2000 mL, and 32% a restriction of 1500 mL. Severe thirst in the total group with 100 patients was associated with a higher dose of loop diuretics [odds ratio (OR) 3.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–10.45; P = 0.048] and a higher urine output over 24 h (OR 1.002; 95% CI 1.00–1.003; P = 0.010). In the group of patients who completed the food diary (N = 68), severe thirst was associated with a higher sodium intake (OR 1.002; 95% CI 1.001–1.003; P = 0.003), a higher dose of loop diuretics (OR 22.69; 95% CI 2.78–185.04; P = 0.004), and more fatigue (OR 11.2; 95% CI 1.54–82.12; P = 0.017).

Conclusions

A quarter of all stable HF patients experienced severe thirst. A higher dose of loop diuretics was associated with more thirst; therefore, it might be important to review the dose of loop diuretics critically and try to decrease it in order to relieve severe thirst. Because all patients were prescribed a fluid restriction, a reconsideration of this restriction is also suggested.
Atomically Precise Cun(n=3, 6 and 11) Nanocatalysts for Alkyne‐Haloalkane‐Amine (AHA) Coupling Reaction
Authors: Yuan Jiajia , Yun Yapei , Tao Zhinan , Zhu Yanan N. , Li Lin , Sheng Hongting , Zhu Manzhou
Published: May 2022

Ultrafine nanoclusters with precise structure as catalysts are of particular interest due to high sites density, high metal atomic efficiency and potentially favorable metal‐support interactions. In this work, we used a simple wet impregnation method to fix three Cun(n=3, 6, 11) nanoclusters (NCs) on activated carbon (AC). The structural characteristics of the three obtained Cun(n=3, 6, 11)/AC catalysts were analyzed by FT‐IR, XRD, TEM and XPS. Cun(n=3, 6, 11)/AC catalysts are used for exploring catalytic performance of alkyne‐haloalkane‐amine (AHA) coupling reaction. The results show that Cun(n=3, 6, 11)/AC catalysts exhibited better catalytic activity for AHA coupling reaction than Cu salt and other non‐noble metal catalysts, with TON up to 715.4. This work provides a new way to understand the relationship between structure and catalytic performance of ultra‐small copper NCs.
Base‐Mediated Generation of Ketenimines from Ynamides: Addition of Hydrazones to Give Acetimidohydrazides**
Authors: Mahe Capucine , D'Hollander Agathe C. A. , Cariou Kevin
Published: May 2022

Under basic conditions, N‐arylketenimines were generated in situ from N‐Boc ynamides and reacted with various hydrazones. Under heating, an addition of the deprotonated hydrazone onto the central carbon of the ketenimines takes place giving rise to various acetimidohydrazides.
A Clickable Bioorthogonal Sydnone‐Aglycone for the Facile Preparation of a Core 1 O‐Glycan‐Array
Authors: Chinoy Zoeisha S. , Moremen Kelley W. , Friscourt Frédéric
Published: May 2022

Protein‐O‐glycosylation has been shown to be essential for many biological processes. However, determining the exact relationship between O‐glycan structures and their biological activity remains challenging. Here we report that, unlike azides, sydnones can be incorporated as an aglycon into core 1 O‐glycans early‐on in their synthesis since it is compatible with carbohydrate chemistry and enzymatic glycosylations, allowing us to generate a small library of sydnone‐containing core 1 O‐glycans by chemoenzymatic synthesis. The sydnone‐aglycon was then employed for the facile preparation of an O‐glycan array, via bioorthogonal strain‐promoted sydnone‐alkyne cycloaddition click reaction, and in turn was utilized for the high‐throughput screening of O‐glycan‐lectin interactions. This sydnone‐aglycon, particularly adapted for O‐glycomics, is a valuable chemical tool that complements the limited technologies available for investigating O‐glycan structure‐activity relationships.
Bromide Oxidation: A Safe Strategy for Electrophilic Brominations
Authors: Van Kerrebroeck Reinout , Horsten Tomas , Stevens Christian V.
Published: May 2022

Bromination of organic substances is still an important reaction in modern synthetic chemistry. In view of the increasing demand for sustainable synthetic chemistry, oxidative bromination can play an important role to avoid the use of hazardous molecular bromine (Br2). In this review, a complete overview of the chemical oxidants will be provided which have been used for the electrophilic as well as radical brominations, starting from less hazardous bromide Br(−I); e. g., HBr or a bromide salt, with a focus on the differences caused by the choice of oxidant.
Reconfigurable metasurface emitters
Authors: Pahlavan Pooyan , Neshat Mohammad
Published: May 2022

In this article, we propose a reconfigurable metasurface emitter (MSE) with beam shaping capability without using any phase shifter or a superstrate. MSEs consist of repeating radiative inclusions (unit cells) distributed on a surface. The type, shape, geometry, and the arrangement of the radiative inclusions provide great flexibility to design high efficiency reconfigurable radiative surfaces with almost any desired property. Here, we propose a new metasurface emitter with parasitic inclusions for enhanced bandwidth and increased beam rotation as a special case of beam shaping. The design procedure of such MSE is explained, and its performance as an emitting surface is investigated through full wave simulations and measurements. In addition, we propose a technique for beam steering by integration of tunable components such as varactors to each inclusion. Using tunable components can provide reconfigurability for the radiated beam of MSE.
Comparative analysis of multicriteria decision‐making approaches for evaluation hydrogen projects development from wind energy
Authors: Hosseini Dehshiri Seyyed Jalaladdin , Zanjirchi Seyed Mahmoud
Published: May 2022

Nowadays energy demand has increased due to industrial development and population growth. On the other hand, attention to environmental issues has made it necessary to use renewable energy. The utilization of wind energy is emphasized due to low construction costs and rapid installation. Wind energy, on the other hand, can be stored via creating hydrogen because its power fluctuates at different times and is not uniform. The production of hydrogen and energy is essential to meet the needs of industries in different countries. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive approach is presented to locating hydrogen production from wind energy using multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM). To implement the proposed approach, a case study in Iran and Hormozgan province is used. Hormozgan province is in good condition in terms of wind potential and many industries in this province need energy and hydrogen. The most appropriate factors were judged to be average wind speed, each region's number of refineries, and each region's rate of industrial development, with weights of 0.192, 0.167, and 0.141, respectively, using the stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) approach. The cities in Hormozgan province were then prioritized using the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) technique. Then, the sensitivity analysis of the ranking results was performed and The COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS), additive ratio assessment (ARAS), and weighted sum methods (WSM) methodologies were then used to validate the results. For the development of hydrogen projects, Bandar Abbas was determined as the most suitable place. A 900‐kW turbine at Bandar Abbas will generate 532 730 kWh of power and 8620 kg of hydrogen annually.
Risk factor analysis of dental implants in patients with irradiated head and neck cancer
Authors: Lee Joongyo , Lee Jason Joon Bock , Cha In‐Ho , Park Kyung Ran , Lee Chang Geol
Published: May 2022

Background

We investigated dental implant outcomes in patients who had previously received radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck malignancies.

Methods

We reviewed 90 dental implants in 27 patients who received RT for head and neck cancer and received dental implants afterwards. The cumulative implant survival rate (CISR) was calculated. In addition, the implant quality was assessed using “Health Scale for Dental Implants.”

Results

The CISR at 3 years was 79.6%. The mean radiation dose at the implant site (Dmean) was identified as an independent prognostic factor for implant survival. No implant failed if Dmean was less than 38 Gy. Regarding implant quality, dental implants in grafted bone and Dmean were independent risk factors.

Conclusions

Dmean was identified as an independent prognostic factor for implant survival and quality. Dental implants can be safely considered when Dmean is lower than 38 Gy.