bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does contracting out lead to improvement in service volumes at primary and secondary health services? Evidence from rural districts of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Imran Naeem , Fatmi Zafar , Sameen Siddiqi
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To determine the improvement in service volumes from baseline, if any, in the contracted out primary and secondary healthcare facilities against key performance indicators, and to explore the perceptions of health managers and experience of patients in this regard.
Methods: The mixed-method study was conducted at Aga Khan University, Karachi, from November 2019 to April 2020, and comprised secondary data extracted from the district health information system related to Thatta and Sujawal districts of the Sindh province of Pakistan from July 2016 to June 2019. Apart from data analysis for baseline versus end-line comparison of key performance indicators the study also conducted a cross-sectional survey of health facilities, patient exit interviews and in-depth interviews with healthcare managers.
Results: The key performance indicators showed improved service volumes compared to the baseline. All services, including general outpatient department (33%),  consultancy services (91%) and emergency services (106%) increased in volumes. Facility-based deliveries increased by 37% and antenatal care visits increased by 100% but immunisation volumes declined. Specialist workforce increased by 47%. Healthcare managers perceived delayed/partial budget release as the key determinant of staff retention, availability of drugs, equipment, supplies, water and electricity at health facilities. Lack of control over government-appointed employees coupled with political interference created workforce shortage. Patients were satisfied with service delivery, but unavailability of medicine was the main concern for 64.3%.
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Relationship between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and Coronary Artery Lesion in non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease.
Authors: Han Maohua , Sun Yaning , Li Na
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and coronary artery lesion in non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. This observational research was done at Changyi people's Hospital, China, from January 2017 to August 2020. A total of 237 non-diabetic cases with suspected coronary heart disease were selected as subjects. Patients with negative coronary angiography were labelled as non-coronary heart disease patients (control group), patients with coronary heart disease confirmed on angiography comprised the coronary heart disease group. The results showed that smoking and hypertension history in the two groups were different (P =0.031 and 0.001). Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio value and Gensini score in coronary heart disease group were higher as against the control group (both P<0.001). Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (P < 0.001) using logistic regression analysis. A significant positive correlation between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and Gensini score in coronary heart disease patients (r=0.510, P<0.001) was determined by spearman analysis. In conclusion, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio can be acquired simply and quickly from blood routine examination, and its level is related to coronary artery lesion. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio may provide certain reference value in judging coronary artery lesion in non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease.
Key words: Non-diabetic; platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; lymphocyte; coronary artery lesion
COVID-19 vaccine related menstrual irregularities: A cause of vaccine hesitation?
Authors: Aqsa Saleem  , Syed Owais Javed  , Farheen Malik
Published: March 2022

To,
The Editor-in-Chief
Vaccination against Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (Covid-19) has shown remarkable progress in controlling the ongoing pandemic. Currently, over nine billion doses of Covid-19 vaccines have been administered worldwide(1), and although this widespread vaccination has shown great progress in managing the pandemic, multiple side effects have been noted. Most of these side effects are mild such as pain at injection site, fever, rash, etc., but some are serious and long-lasting like myocarditis and other cardiovascular complications.
Recently, there have been reports of several women experiencing menstrual irregularities after being administered Covid-19 vaccines, and that has created hesitation amongst women to get their shot.(2)  Table 1. summarizes the number of menstrual disturbances recorded by Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Yellow Card Scheme until 22nd December 2021.
While several factors have been implicated to be the cause of these irregularities, a definitive reason still remains to be established. A recent meta-analysis by Sharifian-Dorche M et al. has shown that Covid-19 vaccines induce thrombocytopenia.(3) This can result in the loss of endometrial haemostasis, and consequently, vaccinated women might experience increased blood loss/heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Moreover, since body's immune system is activated by Covid-19 vaccines(4), immune cells lining the uterus can contribute to early shedding of uterine wall, and that may manifest as intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) or postmenopausal bleeding (PMB). Women who have recovered from Covid-19 infection continue to suffer from menstrual irregularities for prolonged times. Therefore, the possibility of Long Covid Syndrome causing these menstrual disturbances cannot be disregarded.(5) Additionally, the prevailing gender bias in pre-and post-covid literature has led to under-reporting of events related to female reproductive health, further limiting our understanding of this subject.
In conclusion, to minimize vaccine hesitation among women, it is imperative that a better understanding of these side effects should be sought. Further research should be encouraged to investigate vaccines' short- and long-term effects on reproductive health. Questions regarding menstrual cycle should be included in clinical trials for Covid-19 vaccines, and women should be encouraged to report any unusual post-vaccination changes in menstrual cycles to their doctors. Moreover, strict pharmacovigilance should be practiced to monitor people with pre-existing coagulopathies, and those on certain medications in order to limit the possibility of life-threatening conditions such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) after taking the Covid-19 vaccines.
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Analisis Persepsi Wakif Terhadap Wakaf Tunai di BWI Sumatera Utara
Authors: Franaya Al Arfa  , Imsar  , Tambunan Khairina
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui persepsi wakif terhadap wakaf tunai di BWI Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan mengambil objek penelitian di BWI Sumatera Utara (SU). Sebagai informan penelitian adalah wakif yang berwakaf kepada Nazhir BWI Sumatera Utara dan perwakilan dari nazhir. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 indikator untuk mengukur persepsi wakif, yaitu pendapatan, pemahaman, media informasi, kemudahan, dan manfaat wakaf. Dari hasil penilaian angket data diketahui bahwa 73,3% wakif menyatakan baik dari indikator pendapatan. Artinya, wakif memiliki persepsi yang baik mengenai wakaf tunai bahwa semakin sejahtera masyarakat maka potensi wakaf tunai juga semakin besar. Dari indikator pemahaman menunjukkan 46,7% wakif menyatakan baik dengan wakaf tunai. Artinya, wakif memiliki persepsi yang baik terhadap wakaf tunai dari sisi pemahaman sehingga muncul kesadaran dalam memajukan ekonomi islam melalui wakaf tunai. Dari indikator media informasi bahwa 43,3% wakif menyatakan netral terhadap persepsi wakif dari sisi akses media informasi. Artinya, BWI SU agar lebih menggalakkan media informasi melalui media online di era digital. Dari indikator kemudahan 46,7% wakif menjawab baik. Artinya wakif memiliki persepsi yang baik tentang kemudahan yang diberikan dalam mengakses BWI SU untuk transaksi penghimpunan wakaf tunai bagi wakif. Dari indikator manfaat 56,7% wakif menjawab baik. Artinya wakif memiliki persepsi yang baik tentang manfaat wakaf tunai dapat melatih jiwa sosial dan membantu umat yang kesulitan.

Kata Kunci: Persepsi, Wakaf Tunai, BWI Sumatera Utara
Pendayagunaan Zakat dan Wakaf untuk Mencapai Maqashid Al-Syari’ah
Authors: Sahidin Amir
Published: March 2022

Zakat merupakan hak harta yang harus ditunaikan oleh setiap Muslim pemilik harta yang telah terpenuhi syarat-syaratnya. Adapun wakaf merupakan sarana utama dalam pendistribusian kekayaan umat dan sebagai pengganti fasilitas publik. Keduanya merupakan syariat Islam yang hadir untuk tujuan mulia, mendatangkan kemaslahatan baik di dunia maupun di akhirat (maqashid al-syari’ah). Oleh karenanya, kajian tentang zakat dan wakaf akan semakin penting jika dikaji dengan pendekatan maqashid al-syari’ah. Artikel ini membahas pendayagunaan zakat dan wakaf untuk mencapai maqashid al-syari’ah. Melalui kajian yang bersifat library reseach dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendayagunaan zakat untuk mencapai maqashid al-syari’ah meliputi tiga maqashid, yaitu: maqashid dini, maqashid ijtima’i, dan maqashid iqtishadi. Sedangkan pendayagunaan wakaf untuk mencapai maqashid al-syari’ah meliputi tujuan umum dan khusus disyariatkannya wakaf. Kemudian semua hendaknya diarahkan untuk mencapai al-maqashid al-khamsah, berupa penjagaan terhadap agama, jiwa, akal, keturunan dan harta

Kata Kunci: zakat, wakaf, maqashid al-syari’ah, maqashid al-khamsah.
Wakaf dan Energi Terbarukan
Authors: Rahman Ali Fauzi
Published: March 2022

Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi wakaf dan energi terbarukan serta manfaatnya dalam mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif yang diperoleh dari hasil kajian beberapa lembaga riset yang bergerak di bidang wakaf dan energi. Data-data tersebut dihimpun kemudian dijabarkan melalui metode deskriptif yang menekankan adanya potensi wakaf energi yang perlu dikembangkan guna merespon dampak dari perubahan iklim. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa wakaf dan energi terbarukan memiliki potensi yang sangat besar di Indonesia. Sebagai negara dengan penduduk muslim terbesar di dunia maka BWI memperkirakan potensi wakaf di Indonesia setiap tahun sebesar 188 T. Begitupula Sebagai negara yang beriklim tropis dengan matahari yang bersinar sepanjang tahun, Indonesia bisa menjadi panglima dalam pengembangan energi surya dengan potensi sebesar 4.8 KWh/m2 atau setara dengan 112.000 GWp. Integrasi wakaf sebagai dana dalam membiayai pemanfaatan energi terbarukan memiliki peran positif dalam mengurangi dampak perubahan iklim khususnya di Indonesia.
Effects of Adding Murt Volatile Oil (Myrtus Communis) to Japanese Quail Diets on Growth, Feed Consumption, Carcass, Some Blood and Tissue Characteristics in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation
Authors: ONEL Suleyman Ercument , ALAŞAHAN Sema , KÜÇÜKGÜL Altuğ , İŞGÖR Mehmet Mustafa , KANAT Özgür , DAĞOĞLU HARK Betül
Published: March 2022

This study, it was aimed to determine the effects of murt volatile oil added to the diet on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation on body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, slaughter characteristics, some blood and organ parameters in quails. The study groups were formed as follows: control (commercial chick starter feed), M group (commercial chick starter + 200 mg/kg Murt volatile oil), MLPS group (commercial chick starter + 1 mg/kg-17th day and 7.5 mg/kg- 24th day intrabdominal LPS administered group) and LPS (commercial chick starter feed + 1 mg/kg 17th day and 7.5 mg/kg - 24th day intraabdominal LPS administered group). The study, 4 experimental groups consisting of 40 (4x10) quail chicks were formed and the fattening period lasted for 36 days. The study, blood and liver OSI (Oxidative stress index) values were found to be lower in the M and MLPS groups with murt supplementation than in the control groups without murt addition. During the study, the body weight value was determined lower in the groups with Murt added than in the groups without Murt addition. In addition, the feed conversion ratio was significantly better in the M group with murt supplementation between the 5th and 33rd days than in the other groups. Significant differences were determined between the groups in terms of gizzard ratio and chest+back+neck+wing ratio values. In the study, macroscopic and histopathological hyperemia was not observed in the small intestines, there was an increase in cell infiltration in other groups with added murt compared to the control group, and degeneration and necrosis of the epithelium were detected more prominently. In the study, it was determined that the addition of murt to quail compound feed had a positive effect on growth performance, feed consumption and feed efficiency.
Inteligentzia artifizialaren erronkak Administrazio publikoan
Authors: PEÑAGARICANO URRUZOLA JONE
Published: March 2022

l objetivo de este trabajo, es analizar el uso de la inteligencia
artificial en la administración pública y las premisas en las que debe basarse el
ordenamiento jurídico para regular su utilización. Para ello, se ha recopilado información
de distintos autores, así como de dictámenes e informes de diferentes
ámbitos y entidades públicas. La conclusión final, evidencia la necesidad de su regulación
en el sector público, garantizando que desde su diseño y hasta su ejecución
se realice la inspección debida, mediante los responsables competentes.

Lan honen xedea administrazio publikoan inteligentzia artifizialaren
erabilera aztertzea da, eta ordenamendu juridikoak honen erabilera arautzerakoan
kontuan hartu beharreko oinarriak aztertzea. Horretarako, hainbat autorek
egindako ikerketak eta hainbat erakunde publikok egindako ebazpen zein txostenak
erabili dira. Azken ondorioak agerian uzten du sektore publikoan adimen artifiziala
arautu egin behar dela teknologia hau diseinatzen denetik exekutatzen deneraino,
ikuskapenak egin direla bermatu, eskumena duen arduradunaren bidez.

The objective of this work is to analyse both the use of artificial
intelligence in Public administration and the premises on which the legal system
should build the regulation of its use. To this end, information has been collected
from different authors, as well as opinions and reports from different areas and public
entities. The final conclusion shows the need for its regulation in the public sector,
guaranteeing that from its design to its enforcement the competent authorities carry
out a due inspection.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MAIZE PRODUCTION IN KENYA
Authors: Wandaka Lewis Mungai , Mariara Prof. Jane Kabubo , Kimuyu Prof. Peter
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the economic impact of climate change on maize production in Kenya.Methodology: The study used climate, soil and household data for 1357 households. The climate data was from ARTES (African Rainfall and Evaluation System) and Satellite climate data while the Soil data was from Kenya Soil Survey conducted by Kenya Agricultural Research Institute. The household data was obtained from Tegemeo Research Institute.Results:  The regressions results suggest that climate has a significant impact on maize production. The study found that temperature has a bigger impact on maize production compared to precipitation as evidenced by the elasticity of temperature and precipitation.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that policy efforts should be directed at addressing the impact of climate change on maize production. Through research and development, the government should encourage the development of maize varieties that can adapt to the future expected hot conditions.
FACTORS AFFECTING SUPPLY OF AGRICULTURAL INPUTS BY NON STATE ACTORS: A CASE OF SELECTED NON STATE ACTORS IN LAIKIPIA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Maina Susan , Wambua Dr. Leonard
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting sustainable supply of agricultural inputs in Kenya.Methodology: Descriptive research design and correlational research design was employed. The target population comprised of employees from 5(five) NGOs in Laikipia County which are involved in agricultural support work. The sample size was 83 respondents. This study used stratified random sampling. Primary data was utilized in this study. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis. The statistics generated were frequencies, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.Results: Regression results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between technology’s related factors, private sector input financing factors, agricultural market information systems factors and sustainable agricultural input supply.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends improving the efficiency of credit systems, encouraging farmers to join cooperatives to reduce dependency, Apex body to help with the coordination of market activities and Development and extension of rural services
THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON FARMERS’ AWARENESS OF DEVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN KITUI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Kyambo  Onesmus , Kilungo Julius , Amwata Dorothy
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Agriculture is the main stay and driver of Kenyan rural economy. Despites the critical role of agriculture in Kenya, poor access to extension support services persist. This study sought to assess the influence of selected socio-economic factors on farmers’ awareness of devolution of agricultural extension services in Kitui County.

Methodology: The study used an ex post facto descriptive survey design. A total sample of 99 farmers drawn from the population of 222,781 households in 40 wards (GOK – Economic Survey 2019.) was selected from Kitui County using a stratified random sampling approach. Questionnaires were administered to the sampled farmers. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive, inferential statistics (binary logistic regression).

Findings: This study established that older farmers were aware about devolution of agricultural extension services. This study also found that male farmers were more aware about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to their female counterparts. Moreover, educated farmers were more aware about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to their less educated counterparts. Family heads from wealthier households (with greater income) were more aware about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to their counterparts from low income households. The respondents that had larger sizes of land were more likely to be more aware of about devolution of agricultural extension services as compared to household heads with smaller sizes of land.

Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: This study recommends that more campaigns and sensitization should be made in the vast Kitui County to create awareness about the devolution of agricultural extension services and encourage more women smallholder farmers to take advantage of this service especially through organised groups. Key campaigns should especially be implemented through women groups, since women farmers had the least awareness of the devolution of agricultural extension services.
EFFECT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: A CASE OF TANA RIVER COUNTY IN KENYA
Authors: Muindi Victor Nguma , Rugami James Maina
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of the Agricultural Sector Development Strategy on agricultural productivity in Tana River County.Methodology: This study employed descriptive survey design since it is an efficient method of collecting data as it involved studying large and small population. It targeted the sixty eight (68) technical staff members in the agriculture sector in Tana River County as its population. A census was used since the population was small. The study utilised questionnaires with both open and close ended questions for collection of data where the drop and pick method was used to administer the same.Results: The study found that climate change response, agribusiness and market access, agricultural extension services and access to agricultural credit positively and significantly influences agricultural productivity.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that Tana River County should implement agricultural extension services by ensuring there is enough staff in the county who are regularly capacity building so as to improve the agricultural productivity of the county.
Contribution of natural resource exploitation of stone, impact on livelihood and rural development in West Region of Cameroon.
Authors: Makain Chop , Christopher Tankou , Lengha Tohnain
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Stone as a natural resource has always been highly recognized as an income generating activity worldwide. The study on the contribution of natural resource exploitation of stone, impact on livelihood and rural development was conducted in the West Region of Cameroon with the used of purposive random sampling technique.

Methodology: The target population for this study were the inhabitants around the quarries involved in the mining and the farmers’ activities. From the number of workers, the researchers chose a sample size of 400 miners assuming that the miners in the West region are more than 100000 distributed within four divisions. The study used both primary and secondary data sources. The methods used for the study were interviews, focus group discussions sources, documents analysis and participatory observations. SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse data.

Finding: Results indicated that 41.61% were artisanal miners while 31.88% were industrial miners. More so, results further revealed that 76.66% were quarry operators and 33.34% were farmers.

Unique contribution to theory and practice: The study therefore recommends that the state through the local authorities such as the council could improve on the livelihood of these inhabitants by assisting and respecting their limit areas of stone exploitation, also compensate the villagers whose lands are being exploited especially moderately, upon what they request as terms of compensation not what they offer to them as gift.
Use of Information and Communication Technologies by farmers in Menoua Division of the West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Ndemdou Blaise , Fongang Hensel Guillaume Fouepe
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The objective of this article was to analyse the farmers’ access to agricultural information by using ICTs in the case of Menoua Division of the West Region of Cameroon. 

Methodology: The study sample was constituted of 200 farmers of at least 21 years old and 31 resource persons. The sample was constituted using the reasoned choice, the snowball and simple random techniques. The data was collected by the questionnaire and analysis of quantitative data was done by use of SPSS.20.

Finding: Results show that two ICTs components provide agricultural information used by farmers in agricultural basins in Menoua Division. Mobile phone, used by 189 out of 200 respondents, is the main support of agricultural information used in transactions. The computer used by 18 out of 200 respondents is also an important support for the use of ICTs. Social networks which include Whatsapp and Facebook are used by 25 out of 200 respondents. The mobile phone is mostly used by famers to access new informations in the agricultural sector (47%) and to be informed on the prices of products on the market (23%). Social networks enable farmers to get agricultural informations from discussions with colleagues (18 of 25). Social networks are also used to access news in the agricultural sector (5 of 25). Farmers used computer to record agricultural informations. Social networks help farmers to obtain 3 types of agricultural informations: technical (73%), commercial (89%) and institutional (42.5%).

Recommendation: The government should inform farmers through their mobile phones by sending messages relating to seminar and holding of events such as agropastoral fairs. Also, training should be organized on the importance of using cell phones as tools of informal research via the internet by the farmers. Farmers should help each other and train together in the use of ICT for the benefit of their daily activities. The various mobile operators should also get involved in supporting farmers.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE PERSONAL INCOME TAX AND CAPITAL GAINS TAX REGIME IN NIGERIA
Authors: AGBONIKA JOHN ALEWO MUSA , AGBONIKA JOSEPHINE ALADI ACHOR
Published: March 2022

In Nigeria, the Personal Income Tax is a tax charged on the income of individuals and is imposed on different sources of income like labour, pensions, interest and dividends. Revenues from the Personal Income Tax constitute an important source of income for three tiers of government in Nigeria. Capital gains tax administration in Nigeria is regulated by the Capital Gains Tax Act.[1] The Act is administered by both Federal Inland Revenue Service and the States Internal Revenue Service. Federal Inland Revenue Service deals with the taxation of capital gains arising from the deposal of property by corporate entities while the State Internal Revenue deal with gains on deposal by individual sole traders. The Tax rate is 10% on capital gains. The capital gain is the difference between the sale proceeds from sale of the assets. Expenses that are incidental to the deposal are allowed as a deduction from the sales proceeds. The objective is to provide better understanding of the different ways of assessing and collection of taxes with a view to providing and ensuring improved compliance by the tax payers. The paper further examines the issues relating to persons subject to tax, resident, the key legislation governing imposition of tax in Nigeria including the authorities charged with the responsibility to administer it. In carrying out this research we adopted a theoretical framework by looking at other literature on the subject as basis for our findings and recommendations. Findings revealed that tax has positive significant impact on government revenue in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that there should be increased tax awareness and campaign in order to enable government generate more revenue from tax to boost its gross domestic products.
Health Service Utilization Pattern and Costs Incurred by People Living with HIV/AIDS at the Nkambe District Hospital, Cameroon
Authors: Cholong Bereynuy Jude , Mayin  Kinga Bertila , Aloysius Njong Mom
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Even though ART services in Cameroon are highly subsidized, people living with HIV/AIDS still incur a non-ART drug cost.  This piece of paper is aimed at investigating the health service utilization pattern and the outpatient and inpatient costs incurred by people living with HIV/AIDS in the Nkambe District Hospital.

Methodology: A single facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and June 2018 at Nkambe District Hospital. A micro-costing analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect cost of treatment and access. Data were collected using an administered questionnaire and secondary data from patients’ files, analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A convenient and purposive sample of 346 participants were enrolled (281 outpatients and 65 inpatients).

Results: Result shows that, majority of participants (97.5%) were in their follow up visit. 83.3% had been on ART for more than 1year, while more than half (59.5%) visited the hospital every after 3months for ART refilled. 80% of admitted cases were admitted for the first time. An average direct cost of treatment access was 2108.89FCFA ($3.47) for outpatient and 30414.31FCFA ($54.12) for inpatient, giving an annual average cost of 8435.56FCFA ($15) and 121657.24 FCFA ($216.5), respectively.

Conclusion: This work concluded that the of ART services is not sufficient to eliminate the economic burden of treatment on HIV patients.

Recommendations: Implementing effective community dispensation of ARVs and other differentiated care models like multi-month scripting and home dispensations well as creating more HIV treatment centers is vital. Also, implementation of a user fee policy for other HIV services. Finally, accelerating the process of universal health coverage in Cameroon will go a long way to help HIV patients and their households.
Stress 3Ps and the Health Conditions of Lecturers in Tertiary Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Agunanne Victoria , Obinna-Akakuru Annabel , Oparanozie Olachi , Achonu Jacinta
Published: March 2022

This study examined stress 3Ps (Physical, Psychological and Psycho-Social) as factors on health conditions of lecturers in Imo State. Nigeria. Three specific purposes, three research questions and three hypotheses guided the work. The study employed inferential survey research design. The population of this study consisted of all lecturers in the tertiary institutions in Imo state which are eight thousand, three hundred (8,300). The sample size for this is 382, determined using Taro Yamane formula. The researcher applied random sampling technique to ensure that all selected groups have an equal chance with the other sample that is not selected. The instrument for data collection is a structured questionnaire tagged “Stress 3Ps as factors on health conditions of Lecturers’’. The validity of the research instrument was determined by two specialists in Health Education and one specialist in Educational Measurement and Evaluation, from Alvan Ikoku FCE Owerri and Imo State University Owerri, respectively, while the reliability coefficient over time of the instrument for data collection was established through test retest method of Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) statistics which gave a reliability coefficient of 0.94. The research questions were answered using, mean, and standard deviations presented in tables, while the hypotheses was tested using t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Findings in the course of this study indicated that lecturers exposed to hectic academic activity will experience stress; physical stress affects the mental state of lecturers reducing their level of productivity; psychological stress limits the  emotional stability of lectures and directly affects their health condition; psychosocial stress interferes in the intrapersonal and interpersonal relationship of lectures leading to withdrawal and health instability. This study therefore recommends  that seminars, workshops and conferences on occupational health services, should be organized periodically for lecturers so as to improve their knowledge on occupational stress and related issues. Also, Lecturers should be encouraged to participate in sport, exercise and fitness programmes in other to maintain a good health status.
Effects of Students Perception and Motivation on Online Accounting Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence of Accounting Students in Indo Global Mandiri University
Authors: Sari Eka Diana , Tripermata Lukita , Sayadi Muhammad Hamdan
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of student perceptions and motivation on online accounting learning in the Covid-19 pandemic era. The data were obtained from observations and distributing questionnaires to 76 students majoring in the accounting study program at Universitas Indo Global Mandiri Palembang class of 2017-2020. The collected data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis methods. Further statistical tests revealed a positive influence between perception and motivation respectively and simultaneously on online accounting learning in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the results show the coefficient of determination (R2) obtained a value of 0.586. This proves that students' perceptions and motivation affect online accounting learning by 58.6%, the remaining is influenced by other variables not included in this study.
Effects of Knowledge, Socialization, Services, and Tax Sanctions on the Compliance of Individual Taxpayers Performing Free Work In 2020: A Case Study at a Notary Office in Palembang
Authors: Fuliyanto Felix Kusuma
Published: March 2022

This study aims to investigate the effect of knowledge, socialization, service, and tax sanctions on individual taxpayer compliance at the notary office in Palembang. The data used are primary and secondary data with data collection techniques through literature study, observation, interviews, anddistributing questionnaires to 50 respondents. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. Further statistical tests prove knowledge, socialization, and service have a significant effect on tax compliance variables. However, tax sanctions are not proven to have a positive effect on taxcompliance. This research provides benefits to tax agencies to improve taxpayer compliance through knowledge, socialization, and service.
ENDOCARDITE BACTERIANA E O TRATAMENTO ENDODÔNTICO: ETIOLOGIA E PROCESSO TERAPÊUTICO
Authors: Almeida Agra Omena Filipe de , Almeida Agra Omena André de , Abeacy Azevedo de Andrade Jacyara , Anny Azevedo de Andrade Janyara , Sobreira Bento Layane , Harllen Gonçalves Veríssimo Matheus
Published: March 2022

Resumo: a endocardite infecciosa é a causa primária de infecções cardíacas, sendo uma doença definida por contaminação microbiana da superfície endotelial das câmaras cardíacas e válvulas cardíacas. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o tratamento endodôntico e sua relação com a endocardite bacteriana. Metodologia: foi realizada uma busca da literatura através das bases de dados eletrônica: UpDate; Science Direct; LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e uma biblioteca eletrônica: SciELO. Foram utilizadas duas palavras-chave para a composição da chave de pesquisa, sendo o DeCS: “Bacterial, Endocarditis”; e o termo-livre: “Endodontic treatment”. Os artigos foram avaliados quanto aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-estabelecidos. Resultados e Discussão: dos 13 artigos que se adequaram aos critérios, apenas 5 foram selecionados para compor o estudo, já que 8 artigos não abordavam o desenvolvimento da endocardite bacteriana decorrente de tratamento endodôntico e seus processos terapêutico. Alguns estudos comprovaram a presença de bactérias bucais em câmaras valvares do coração, mostrando a possível consequência de um tratamento endodôntico malsucedido. O processo terapêutico da endocardite possui dois princípios, mas o mais preconizado é o cirúrgico pela possibilidade de surgimento de hemorragia pelo tratamento anticoagulante, podendo ser necessária a prescrição antibiótica. Considerações Finais: o conjunto de fatores como a má higiene bucal, o insucesso de um tratamento endodôntico e algumas complicações sistêmicas podem desencadear uma endocardite infecciosa, entretanto, a literatura carece de ensaios clínicos randomizados triplo-cegos para que seja comprovada a influência direta do tratamento endodôntico com a endocardite.
Indiana University’s Woodland Campus: A Case Study of Urban Forest Patch Sustainability
Authors: Freeman-Day Stephanie , Fischer Burnell C.
Published: March 2022

Background: Urban green spaces are increasingly seen as vital resources contributing to ecological and social health. The ecological concept of patch dynamics over space, scale, and time applies to patches in urban settings and is important in understanding the complexity of relationships between and within the ecological and social spheres interacting in urban settings. Methods: This case study investigates forested and natural patches on Indiana University’s Bloomington (IUB) campus. Data gathered through university archives includes historical maps and campus plans for a study period beginning in 1884 with the university’s relocation to its current area. Documents were reviewed for evidence of patches being labeled or left blank. Historic aerial photos were compared with present satellite imagery using geographic information system (GIS) software. Results: Findings include patterns where patches were indicated on maps (1902 to early 1940s), followed by a period where natural/forested areas were unindicated on maps (post-World War II to 1960s), followed by patches reappearing on maps and being suggested for preservation (1960s to present). Although some natural patches were “lost” during the study period, others persisted. Patches that endured may be defined as Commons: shared resources protected by formal/informal rule processes. Conclusions: This novel framework for the IUB patch project serves as a template for use in investigating green patches in the city of Bloomington. The Bloomington project builds upon the IUB framework, expanding GIS analysis of current patches and historical imagery, and assessing current ecological patch condition. Additional considerations reflect complexity of municipal settings and include patch ownership, socio-demographics, and equitability in access.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Assist Tree Risk Assessment
Authors: Rust Steffen , Stoinski Bernhard
Published: March 2022

Although the industry has raised the standards of tree risk assessment considerably in recent years, the quality of judgements is still very variable and influenced by a wide range of factors. Due to the complexity and diversity of trees and sites, collecting and verifying relevant personal experiences takes tree assessors many years. In many countries, new tree assessors learn from a small number of experienced peers. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to collect and condense scattered knowledge and deploy it in a support tool for basic tree assessment. In this project, the application of a commercial AI decision-making system software (Dylogos) to tree assessment is tested. The software is based on a new dynamic nonclassical logic, which combines diverse knowledge sources to an emergent system to support visual tree assessments. A set of rules describes existing knowledge about the mostly unsharp parameters affecting the likelihood of failure and damage. The software evaluates the data collected during a basic tree assessment and provides an estimate of the level of risk posed by the tree. The result and the reasons for it are presented in plain language. Users can then examine this estimate and feed their own assessment back into the system to train it further, so that this “white” AI system is self-learning based on experience acquired in practical use. The use of AI in tree risk assessment not only supports the user but can also be used to disseminate knowledge and promote the standardization of decision-making in tree assessment. Important directions for further research and knowledge gaps related to the training of AI systems in the absence of industry-wide, agreed-upon criteria for risk identified in this project are: how to collect sufficient quality-assured data sets to define the initial set of rules; and how to assess the level of expertise of users training the system further.
Aplicaciones de las prácticas ambientales en los comercios ubicados en el asentamiento de Ciudad Porfía (Villavicencio, Colombia)
Authors:   Universidad de los Llanos, CASTRO-GARZON Hernando , PINEDA Jenifer S. ,   Universidad de los Llanos, RODRIGUEZ Juan P. ,   Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
Published: March 2022

El propósito de este trabajo es determinar los impactos ambientales que generan los comercios ubicados en el asentamiento Ciudad Porfía de la ciudad de Villavicencio, Colombia. El trabajo abordó como principal técnica un método cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, el cual permitió realizar observación y verificación de antecedentes; en cuanto a la recolección de información se aplicó una herramienta tipo encuesta en 133 establecimientos de comercio cuyos datos obtenidos se procesaron mediante herramientas estadísticas.
Explorando la relación entre contexto socioeconómico e incidencia delictiva, México 2020
Authors: Sáenz Vela Hada Melissa
Published: March 2022

Se busca identificar el comportamiento geográfico y las correlaciones estadísticas entre variables de índole socioeconómico y de incidencia de delitos cometidos, con información al nivel estatal de 2020, diferenciando por sexo. Aquellas variables que representan situaciones de carencia extrema mostraron relaciones inversas con la tasa de incidencia, mientras que la disponibilidad de ciertos dispositivos en la vivienda tuvo una asociación directa y significativa; pareciera que la tasa se incrementa en entornos económicamente menos vulnerables. Se verifica que, además del contexto socioeconómico, la corrupción, la impunidad y la ineficacia de los servicios públicos también se correlacionan con las tasas de criminalidad. Asimismo, se identifica que el comportamiento espacial de algunas variables se relaciona con el número de delitos cometidos en las entidades.
Visual and Acoustic Identification of Bird Species
Authors: Dhiraj V. Patil  , Rutwi R. Bodhe  , Tanisha A. Doshi  , Rupali A. Pawar
Published: March 2022

In our world, there are above 9000 bird species. Some bird species are being found rarely and if found also prediction becomes very difficult. In order to overcome this problem, we have an effective and simple way to recognize these bird species based on their features. This project presents a novel approach for bird species identification that relies on both visual features extracted from unconstrained bird images and acoustic features extracted from bird vocalizations. Since, among most of the approaches we studied Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) as outperform. So we have used CNN for both visual as well as acoustic identification. CNN’s are the strong assemblage of machine learning which have proven efficient in image processing. Our project draws upon techniques from speech recognition and recent advances in the domain of deep learning. With novel pre-processing and data augmentation methods, we train a convolutional neural network on the biggest publicly available dataset. In our approach, we are using the transfer learning approach for training our neural model. By establishing a dataset and using the algorithm of similarity comparison, this system is proved to achieve good results in practice. By using this method, everyone can easily identify the species of the particular bird which they provide image/audio or both as input to the system.
The Consumer Loyalties are Lifting by Market Influencers
Authors: Dr. S. Sankar
Published: March 2022

Influences are very different from product approval by traditional celebrities. This is mainly due to the obvious differences between influences and celebrities at the highest level. Unlike cagey celebrities and inaccessible, promoters communicate with their fans in a personal way. They reward their followers by giving them a closer look at their lives. Today's consumer is almost all online. This has made the brands realize that they need to offer a consistent experience to customers in a variety of touch scenarios which has created a huge demand for telecommunications advertisers in the future. Poor channel selection can lead to unsuccessful product delivery, limited customer purchases, poor customer supply, loss of control by the manufacturer and cost of channel adjustment. If the marketing channel is not properly selected then the conversion of the marketing channel is ineffective and expensive. Therefore, the more you use the satisfaction, the better the customer experience, and the total number of goods or services the customer receives from the business.
Abreißen oder umbauen?
Authors: Vetter Bernhard
Published: March 2022

Frankfurt a.M. Für die ersten Biogasanlagen ist die 20-jährige Förderung aus dem Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz bereits ausgelaufen. Viele weitere folgen nun sukzessive. Post-EEG-Strategien sind deshalb gefragt.
So funktioniert KI in der Landwirtschaft
Authors: Deininger Olaf
Published: March 2022

Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie sitzen am großen Flachbildschirm Ihres Computers. Sie haben eine Tabellenkalkulation geöffnet.
So sieht die Zukunft aus
Authors: Dänzer Dieter
Published: March 2022

Fünf Preisträger haben den erstmals ausgelobten Zukunftspreis in der Agrartechnik abgeräumt. Die Ideen weisen den Weg in die globale Pflanzenproduktion der Zukunft.
Die Fachkräfte sind da
Authors: Krämer Stefan
Published: March 2022

Viele Betriebe in der Landtechnik haben Personalsorgen. Das muss nicht sein. Es gibt Lösungen, die für mehr Personal sorgen.
Milchpreise erklimmen neue Höhen
Authors: Hermannsen Horst
Published: March 2022

München. Die Milchanlieferungen an die Molkereien nehmen zwar momentan wieder zu. Sie liegen jedoch weiter unter der Vorjahreslinie.
The Cliché of the Melancholy East-Central European in Postmodern British Literature
Authors: Harasztos Ágnes
Published: March 2022

Postmodern British novels about East-Central Europe use the cliché of a melancholy Easterner to characterize this geocultural zone. This literary cliché dates back to Stoker’s Dracula (1897). Among many others, the melancholy cliché reveals the in-betweenness of East-Central Europe which can be understood both on a cultural and on a racial level. The figure of the lonely monster also suggests an objectified existence which is perceived as falling out of the space of linear modern time. Rose Tremain’s The Road Home (2007) and Bruce Chatwin’s Utz (1989) contain melancholy East-Central Europe representations which investigate post-socialist concerns, such as economic migration or troubled cultural memory. Melancholy is inherent in the creation of a modern self both as a mental state accompanying solitary thinking and as a subversive force denying fundamental meaning. The mapping of this cliché has a meta-cultural relevance, since both melancholy and the category of cliché represent anti-Modern forces thus characterizing the literary East-Central Europe image.
A Useful Cliché? : Towards a Pragmatic Interpretation of Intercultural Communicative Competence
Authors: Hřebačková Monika , Štefl Martin
Published: March 2022

Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC), famously defined as “the ability to interact with people from another country and culture in a foreign language” (Byram 1997: 71) has now become a generally accepted fact in teaching ESP and BE (Hofstede 1991). The growing popularity of ICC models, such as Byram’s, at the same time, attracted a number of critics who accuse these models of perpetuating the ideas and ideologies connected with essentialism and the so-called national culture (Matsuo 2012), Cartesian rationalisation, as well as a more general lack of attention to the social and thus necessarily dynamic nature of language (Ferri 2014; Hoff 2014; Matsuo 2015). In an attempt to reconcile a theory with its practice, the paper seeks to find a middle ground between the practitioners, who tend to see ICC and its models through a more pragmatic lens, i.e., as a useful pedagogic tool, and its critics, who seem to be waiting for their chance to discard it as a collection of clichés.
Trauma, Literature, and Culture
Authors: Mohácsi Eszter Enikő
Published: March 2022

There has been a particular interest in trauma studies since the end of the twentieth century; not just in psychology and psychiatry, the main fields of study concerning mental disorders, but in every aspect of life. Consequently, a growing number of publications have been published that approach trauma from various fields: social and literary studies, comparative literature, philosophy, ethics, etc. At the same time, from talk shows to the news broadcasts, from popular media (post-apocalyptic movies, disaster films, games to art movies), from direct testimonies of survivors to fictive accounts of traumatic experience, there is a proliferation of all kinds of representations of trauma to the extent that testimony has been suggested as “the literary mode […] of our times”, whereas “our era can precisely be defined as the age of testimony” (Felman 1995: 17). The question naturally arises whether trauma has become a cliché in contemporary literature and culture, or whether literature has always been centered around trauma, in which case only the approach of trauma studies is new.