bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTS AS INDICATORS OF CARIES RISK
Authors: Zaitsev A.V. , Boychenko O.N. , Kotelevskaya N.V. , Nikolishin A.K.
Published: November 2020

Fixed orthodontic appliances are widely used in the correction of dentoalveolar anomalies. Examinations prior the beginning of orthodontic treatment revealed numerous cases of dental caries of moderate intensity; moreover, caries prevalence increases with age that is the number of carious teeth goes up, while the number of filled teeth and the level of oral hygiene become lower. A voluminous body of reports indicates that children and adolescents wearing orthodontic appliances have a significantly higher incidence of caries than patients who do not wear them. Plaque microflora is one of the main risk factors for the development of caries. According to the researchers, caries is initiated by streptococci, lactobacilli, actinomycetes, and Candida fungi. To assess the content of cariogenic microorganisms (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus), there are special microbiological tests available. Kits for rapid tests are manufactured in different countries around the world. In 2013, the researchers of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry and the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy investigated the microbiocenosis in the oral cavity in young people aged 19-25 years with different intensity of the carious process. The percentage and quantitative content of microflora was studied. The results of the study showed that an increase in the intensity of dental caries is accompanied by changes in the balance in the composition of the oral microflora. This study elaborated the indicators for identifying lactobacilli, streptococci (including haemolytic streptococci, which include S. mutans), fungi of the genus Candida and actinomycetes. But the results obtained did not match the application range of the above mentioned tests. It means the tests reflecting the number of representatives of the studied microbiocenosis in order to determine their activity, are not sufficiently objective. However, rapid tests assessing the indices of cariogenic microflora are in demand in dental practice that allows us to recommend their application in orthodontics. Further study of microbiocenoses should be carried out to determine their functional properties.
OPTICAL DENSITY OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF JAWS IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS DURING DENTOFACIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kuroiedova V.D. , Vyzhenko Ye.Ye. , Stasiuk A.A. , Halych L.B. , Petrova A.V.
Published: November 2020

The growth and development of the facial skeleton is closely related to the growth of the cervical division of the spinal column. With a total increase in rate of osteopenic diseases and diseases of periodontal tissues, computed tomography becomes a particular relevant diagnostic technique for assessing bone density. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the mineral density values of the jaw bone tissue and the mineral density values of the second cervical vertebra in patients with malocclusions. Materials and methods. We analyzed 22 computer tomograms of orthodontic patients and divided all cases into two age groups according to the periods of dentofacial development. The bone density of the second cervical vertebra and jaw bones was measured in various sections. Results. The optical bone density in the second cervical vertebra increases with age from 501±61.06 to 550.6±45.32. The densest area in both jaws is the alveolar ridge between the central incisors. The lowest values of optical density were found in the area of the upper jaw tuberosity in both groups. In the lower jaw, similar results of bone density were found out in the second cervical vertebra and the articular head, 436 HU and 557 HU in the groups I and II, respectively. In both jaws, the most similar densitometric indicators of bone density were found in the second cervical vertebra and the bifurcation site of the first molars. Only in the group II, this figure was 724.77±41.64 HU at p2<0,01 in the lower jaw. Conclusions. Bone tissue densitometry by computed tomography is a highly informative diagnostic technique and can be used to diagnose the condition of the jaw bone tissue and to assess the quality of orthodontic treatment. The value of the second cervical vertebra is a stable indicator of mineral density in all age groups. The results obtained allow us to recommend applying these indicators for the comparative characteristic of change in mineral density in the alveolar processes of jaw bones to check the progress of orthodontic treatment.
MODERN METHODS TO IMPROVE BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF REMOVABLE DENTURES BY APPLYING ULTRASOUND TECHNIQUES
Authors: Sokolovska V.M.
Published: November 2020

This article is devoted to the problem of toxic impact of prostheses made of acrylic polymers on the tissues of the denture foundation areas and the search for ways to improve the physical and chemical parameters of polymeric base materials. For this purpose a new technique of polymerization of acrylates in the ultrasonic field is proposed. This technique will enable to increase the efficiency of prosthetic restoration for patients with partial and complete anodontia. According to the results of laboratory studies, the bases of removable plate prostheses, manufactured by using ultrasound technology, have 1.5 times higher strength, a 50% lower residual monomer level and a 40% lower water absorption rate. Investigation of the temperature of the mucous membrane can indicate changes in tissue trophism, the severity of pathological changes, and the process of adaptation to the denture. To study the effectiveness of the proposed technique for manufacturing bases of removable plate dentures, the parameters of the temperature of the mucous membrane of the denture foundation areas in the patients during the adaptation to the prostheses and at different periods of their wearing were studied. One month interval of wearing prosthesis, the temperature indices in the patients, whose were manufactured by applying ultrasound remained unchanged. The patients, who worn dentures manufactured by using conventional techniques, had temperature indices typical for inflammatory conditions and impaired thermoregulation. This was confirmed by microbiological research: the high temperature promoted the increase in the number of microorganisms both on the mucous membrane of denture foundation areas and on the denture base. The analysis of the results obtained has shown that wearing dentures with bases manufactured by applying ultrasound technique is characterized by slight inflammation, no impairment of thermoregulation, better process of mucosa self-cleaning. The results of thermometric studies have demonstrated that complete removable plate dentures made by applying polymerization techniques for treating base material have thinner denture base, do not impair the processes of trophic tissues, since they produce less pressure on the substrate tissues; do not deteriorate thermoregulation. All these factors promote better adaptation to denture, reduce negative effects of denture bases on the oral tissues. The analysis of clinical and laboratory findings has shown the best indicators of the functional quality of removable plate dentures manufactures by applying ultrasonic polymerization.
EFFICIENCY OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN INTEGRATED THERAPY OF ACUTE ODONTOGENIC OSTEOMYELITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Tkachenko P.I. , Bilokon S.O. , Lokhmatova N.M. , Dolenko O.B. , Popelo Yu.V.
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the comparative generalization of the results obtained by studying the activation of the processes of lipid peroxidation and the state of antioxidant protection factors in the peripheral blood and unstimulated oral fluid fraction in patients having a complicated course of odontogenic mandibular osteomyelitis. To determine the effectiveness of natural antioxidants, which were additionally included in the therapy protocol for patients with this the disease, we created two similar groups of participants (22 and 23 people in each) aged 7 to 15 years. Based on our previous reports, on admission to the hospital, these patients demonstrated the activation of the lipid peroxidation processes and the reduction of antioxidant protection factors in biological substrates. The scope of the treatment measures described in the protocol did not allow us to normalize their components for the time of clinical recovery. This prompted us to prescribe tocopherol acetate and ascorbic acid as components of the integrated complex therapeutic measures. This helped to stabilize the levels of all indicators up to the time of clinical recovery in this group of patients and supported the feasibility of these pharmaceuticals as important components in the therapy of odontogenic inflammatory diseases.
Możliwość uprawiania turystyki wodnej na granicznych wodach śródlądowych i obszarach morskich Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w świetle przepisów prawa
Authors: Ćwikła Leszek
Published: November 2020

W artykule dokonano analizy aktualnie obowiązujących przepisów prawa regulujących uprawianie turystyki wodnej na granicznych wodach śródlądowych i obszarach morskich Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Zwrócono uwagę na to, że podstawowym aktem normatywnym jest tzw. Kodeks graniczny Schengen, który nie przewiduje ograniczeń w zakresie przekraczania granicy z państwami strefy Schengen (tzn. Republiką Federalną Niemiec, Republiką Czeską, Republiką Słowacką oraz Republiką Litewską), co skutkuje tym, że uprawianie turystyki wodnej na wodach granicznych z tymi państwami może odbywać się swobodnie. Natomiast w przypadku państw, które nie znajdują się w strefie Schengen (Ukraina, Republika Białorusi i Federacja Rosyjska – Obwód Kaliningradzki) wymogi w zakresie uprawiania turystyki na wodach granicznych zawierają: rozporządzenie Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji z dnia 21 kwietnia 2008 r., dwustronne umowy międzypaństwowe oraz przepisy porządkowe właściwych miejscowo wojewodów. W kolejnej części tekstu dokonano analizy przepisów karnych odnoszących się do nielegalnego przekroczenia granicy państwowej Rzeczypospolitej lub niezastosowania się do zakazów zawartych w przepisach prawa. Podkreślono, że w zakresie przestrzegania przepisów prawa istotną rolę odgrywa Straż Graniczna oraz Policja, w szczególności – Policja wodna.
Chrzest w "Traktach wielkanocnych" św. Gaudentego z Bresci
Authors: Degórski Bazyli
Published: November 2020

In the fullness of times, Christ is present at the Wedding Feast in Cana, a town called possessio gentium territory of the Gentiles. Besides the Bridegroom are Moses, pre-figured by the man in charge of the feast; Mary, who symbolizes in herself the Patriarchs, the Prophets and all the just ones of the Old Testament; the Apostles – to whom it will be commanded to preach the word and to minister Baptism. In such a context Christ renders the Church, gathered from the multi­tude, His Spouse, and He grants her, through the intercession of Mary, the gift of the new wine: the Holy Spirit. In Christ the Bridegroom are fulfilled all the expec­tations of the old just ones, pre-figured in Mary, and Mary intercedes so that the Bridegroom grants thirsty people [symbolized by Cana, town of the Gentiles], the gift of the bridal union: the Holy Spirit. The command given to the servants to fill the jars with water symbolizes the Apostolic vocation of Baptism and teaching. When stripping the thought of Saint Gaudentius of forced exegesis, there remains his interpretation of the Bridegroom as the fulfillment of the Old Covenant and the beginning of a new era of bridal union: the work of the Holy Spirit, the dies lucis. The Christian life, renewed by the Baptismal waters, implies the maintenance of the purity of the bridal wine, the given innocence, by keeping afar from idolatry and not to be dispersed by God. In a word, it all has to do – in the thought of Saint Gaudentius – with life in faith, hope and charity and faithfulness to the charis­mas received. His rich and consistent teaching renders him an integral part of the Patristic exegetical tradition, from which he himself draws important interpreta­tive elements, but to which he contributes as well with original hints enriching the hermeneutics of the narrative of Cana while revealing at the same time its pneumatological, sacramental and ecclesiological – as well as mariological and moral cohesion. In Baptism, the Christian is immerged in the paschal mystery of Christ to res­urrect with Him becoming a new creation, through the passing from death to life. In fact, the Christian initiation, in the times of the Bishop of Brescia, took place at Easter, thus explaining all chronological circumstances. Furthermore, Baptism, furthermore, was founding the description of the passage of the Hebrews through the Red Sea (see Ex 12, 7-13), thus finding its typology in such a narrative.
Świętego Augustyna przeżywanie starości w świetle jego listów
Authors: Eckmann Augustyn
Published: November 2020

Saint Augustine distinguished six periods of human life: infancy (infantia), childhood (pueritia), adolescence (adolescentia), young adulthood (iuventus), middle age (gravitas) and old age (senectus). Each of those periods has a per­spective. Only in old age there is lack of it. Augustine makes the examination of conscience. Sentimental mood appears in the mail from the Saint Jerome, who poses himself as an old man in the opposition to Augustine as a young man, mak­ing allusions to ancient literature and his age. Exchange of letters between the Fathers of the Church records Augustine’s respect toward an old man, the monk. The entire reality is in continuous motion, as you can see in a simple anthropologi­cal observation of different periods of human development: childhood (pueritia), adolescence (adolescentia), young adulthood (iuventus), old age (senectus). The latter closes the death. Old age is a common weakness (communis infirmitas) of mankind. Augustine complained frequently on the impending old age, which ac­cording to ancients starts with 60 year old.
Początki Kościoła monofizyckiego w Egipcie
Authors: Gołgowski Tadeusz
Published: November 2020

The author presents the history of the Church of Egypt after the Council of Chalcedon (451), and trying to determine the final destruction of the unity of Patriarchate of Alexandria. At the beginning of the crisis were the decisions taken at the Council, but the process of creating a separate patriarchates (Melkite and Monophysite) in Egypt last long. Some researchers, such as William H.C. Frend, consider turning point in this process the death of the Emperor Justinian (565), while in the East began to create a separate Monophysite Church hierarchy. Such conclusions appear premature regards Egypt, although these may be correct with regard to Syria. It seems that the creation of two separate Christian Churches in Egypt take place in Egypt later, during the reign of Emperor Heraclius (610-641).
Obraz Boga w Biblii
Authors: Górka Bogusław
Published: November 2020

The standard interpretation of the biblical idea of the image of the God in Genesis (Gen 1:26 ff.), so called ontic interpretation, which sees in Him a reli­gious basis for the metaphysical dogma of the creation of a man as a spiritual-corporeal being, is detached from its biblical meaning. For the biblical authors, the primary issue is not the question what kind of the human being was called by the God from nothingness into being, but that when the human being receives the status of the image and character of the God in the existential dimension. John the Baptist reached the status of the image of God at the time when he became the Anthropos (John 1:6). In turn, Paul, by the moving of the idea of the image of Jesus as a man at the turning point of the process of salvation (Romans 8:29), created the foundation for the study of triple-imaging of the God as in Jesus, as well as in initiated.
Znaczenie cudów w "Historii mnichów w Egipcie"
Authors: Jasiewicz Arkadiusz
Published: November 2020

The Historia Monachorum contains material which is instructive for social life in fourth century Egypt, for monasticism in its exterior aspects in Egypt, and for the spiritual and moral approach of visitors to Egypt in recording the account of the lives of the monks. One of the elements in the whole literature of early monasticism which is perhaps especially unfamiliar to the modern reader is the account it gives of miracles There are in the Historia Monachorum the miracles of clairvoyance; the miracles of healing; miraculous dreams and visions; and ‘nature’ miracles. These events are not seen primarily as mirabilia, as things to be wondered at for their strangeness, as being contrary to the course of nature. There are signs, and signs of the power of God. There are, moreover, signs that God is working as strongly now as he did among the prophets and apostles. They illustrate the virtus of the monks, and place them directly in the line of the biblical revelation of the power of God.
Jak mówić o Chrystusie, by rosła wspólnota? Chryzostomowa egzegeza Dz 2, 37-47 w 7. Homilii na Dzieje Apostolskie
Authors: Kaczmarek Sylwia
Published: November 2020

Chrysostom`s Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles bring a vision for the Church that induced some scholars to think of his communist ideology. Other un­derline his pure stoic principles. Is it really so? The analysis of Homily 7, in which Saint John Chrysostom speaks about the Christian community in Jerusalem, shows that there is something more than the only economy that leads people to become brothers. There is something more than the only perfection of virtues that one should desire. There is also something more than the only demagogic influence of preacher that create the Christian community from the sinners who have crucified Christ. People have their role to play, but there is also someone else who makes the community grow.
Perykopa o wskrzeszeniu Łazarza (J 11, 1-44) a nauka św. Augustyna o odpuszczeniu grzechów
Authors: Kamczyk Wojciech
Published: November 2020

Interpreting the pericope about the resurrection of Lazarus, Augustine began his commentary with a reflection about three resurrection miracles described in the Gospels. Namely the raising to life Jairus’ daughter, young man of Nain and Lazarus. The latter seems to be the richest in theological meaning. Augustine compared these three dead with three types of sin (in the heart, in deed and out of habit). Those dead were raised to life by Jesus. He is the one who has the pow­er to do so. The forgiveness of sins is here presented as a spiritual resurrection. However in the most serious situation is Lazarus. It is a picture of the sinner, who not only commits sin, but is subjected to a habit. The forgiveness of sins is done by the power of Christ, but there is also the need for confession of sin, repentance, and the interference of Mother Church, which releases us from the bondage of sin.
Posiadanie cnót jako przedsmak niebiańskiego życia w nauczaniu Grzegorza Wielkiego
Authors: Kashchuk Oleksandr
Published: November 2020

The article discusses a question of the interrelation between the possession of virtues and participation in the reality of the celestial life according to the teaching of St. Gregory the Great. St. Gregory teaches that virtues are the spiritual goods, by means of which a human being acquires the spiritual unity with God. Lasting in the spiritual unity with God causes that a human being, already in the earthly life, participates in the reality of the celestial life. Gregory the Great esteems this state as the celestial and happy life.
Tematyka społeczna w pismach św. Ambrożego z Mediolanu
Authors: Kasprzak Dariusz
Published: November 2020

Numerous remarks which refer to the Christian social life in the writings of St Ambrose (339-397) offer us a relatively homogeneous picture of his pastoral opinions on marriage and family, work, property and virtues as considered in the theological context. God is the single aim of every man’s activity in the social activities. A systematic theological analysis led St. Ambrose to the conclusion that: 1) Marriage can have either a positive or negative sense and 2) that the male component in marriage is dominant over the female. He argued that the full libera­tion of both sexes would come only in Eternal Life. The emancipation of women is possible in this world through the Christian religion, through the role of a wife, mother or the consecrated virginity. Labor is inseparately related to human nature from its creation and before original sin. After original sin, human labor changed in the punishment for sin (pain and hardship) however in the same time became the means of salvation, and the redemption of sins. It is also necessary to sustain living and gives a chance to achieve moral virtues. Work and mutual assistance were made by the Bishop of Milan a model work in the society. St Ambrose ac­cepted both private possession rights and a community property of goods. The earthly goods should be used always with the religious perspective of the sole des­tiny – God. The main Aim-God, a temporary possession of goods (worldliness) and the purpose of the Main Owner- the good of every man (justice, fraternity, solidarity, mutual love) are the limits of a possession rights. The Bishop of Milan also introduced to the Christian moral theology the system of evaluation of the human deeds based on the Stoic categories of virtues and vices. St. Ambrose com­bined this system with the allegoric conception of the Four Rivers of the Philo of Alexandria and St. Paul’s moral theology. A Christian should be guided by the vir­tues of humbleness and fear of God. They will lead him to the wisdom and divine blessing, subsequently to the real knowledge of God. In this world the Christians should respect the sense of responsibility, the virtue of silence, freedom, cardinal virtues, honesty, charity and usefulness of his work. In the social life Christians are obliged to denounce the vices of egoism and arrogance, usury, greediness, vice behavior or giving unwise promises. The social problems were always subordi­nated to the theological purposes in the writings of St. Ambrose. The Christian are always obliged to be guided by Gods Commandments. St. Ambrose did not manage to work out a code of Christian moral behavior in a society, however he discussed many different problems, which were used by others (cf. St. Thomas of Aquino) to construct such a code. A synthesis of the Stoic philosophy, the philoso­phy of Philo Judaeus and St. Paul’s moral theology can be legitimately regarded as his valuable contribution to the studies of ethics.
Udział Polaków w 21 Międzynarodowych Kongresach Bizantynistów w latach 1924-2006
Authors: Kochanek Piotr
Published: November 2020

This article presents the share of Polish researchers in the field of Byzantine history in 21 of the International Congresses of Byzantine Studies, held in the years 1924-2006. The starting point of this article are the official statistics of these conferences, developed by prof. M. Nystazopoulou-Pélékidou and prof. V. Tăpkova-Zaimova. These official statistics have been revised and expanded with the participation of Poles in these congresses. Consequently, given not only the number of Poles taking part in various congresses, but also the titles given by their papers, the language in which these papers were delivered and scientific centers, what these researchers represented. Consideration was also given Polish researchers working abroad. In this way was constructed some kind of synthesis, which shows from a statistical point of view, the contribution of Polish investiga­tors of Byzantine history at different congresses, held in the years 1924-2006.
Karolińskie "Ordo de catechizandis rudibus"
Authors: Murawski Roman
Published: November 2020

The document presented in the article dates from the time of Charlemagne and was part of his reform program of religious and intellectual life. Its origins must be sought in Alcuins’ letter of 796, addressed to Charlemagne (a copy of this letter was also sent to Arno, the Archbishop of Salzburg), which – after a failed mission to the Saxons – offered rulers a new form of evangelising the Avars. Recalling the disappointment of attempts to evangelise in Saxony, he warns against making too rapid and violent actions. They have to be taught first, and then baptised. At the end of the letter, referring to St. Augustine’s De catechizandis rudibus, he states what teachings in the truths of the faith they must receive before baptism. This letter sent to both the king and the bishop Arno gave the unknown author (editor) a frame­work and plan for the drafting of Ordo de catechizandis rudibus. The document appeared in the surroundings of the bishop Arno about the year 800. The word Ordo used in the title indicates that it is a kind of guide with guidelines for teaching adults before baptism. Although the title of the document was taken from the work of Saint Augustine of the same title, it differs substantially from its original. The Carolingian Ordo can be divided into four parts or sections. The first part (1-13) is a comprehensive introduction showing the need to instruct catechu­mens and the overall characteristics of the process of Christian initiation. The second part (14-44) includes the initiatory catechesis and provides topics covered in teaching converts. The content consists of biblical texts and the writings of various Fathers of the Church and practical instructions derived from the work of St. Augustine. The third part (45-74) presents the liturgical rites of baptism. In the fourth part (75-94), the document explains the baptismal rite itself and the other celebrated sacraments of Christian initiation – the Eucharist and Confirmation. The Ordo text ends with a call to neophytes to faithfully fulfil in practice what has been communicated to them.
Poeta poranka i wieczoru. Hymny św. Ambrożego w Liturgii godzin
Authors: Nocoń Arkadiusz
Published: November 2020

Following the example of the Lord, who frequently sang hymns with his dis­ciples, and encouraged to sing by St Paul, the early Christians praised God in music and song. The first Latin hymns were composed by Hilary of Poitiers. Their metrical complexity and content discouraged their liturgical use by the Church. Thus, St. Ambrose of Milan is considered the first „official” Latin hymnodist. He composed several hymns, still used in the Liturgy of the Hours, which were mu­sicated by himself. These hymns come from the particular circumstances of the Arian controversy and derive, in the main, from the necessity of encouraging „or­thodox” Christians in their defence of the Basilica Porziana in Milan. They were designed to guide their prayer at different times of the day. The Author’s text-critical analysis of two of these hymns – Aeterne rerum conditor, sung at dawn (in gallicinium) and Deus, creator omnium, sung at dusk as the lamps were lit (ad horam incensi) – well testifies to the literary and pastoral genius of the Bishop of Milan as he transforms the complex theological reflection of his time into poetry and music, while not only retaining the integrity of the depth of that reflection but also enhancing its aesthetic profile by drawing on a repertoire of images based on the parallelism of cosmic reality and human reality. St Ambrose’s corpus of hymns, together with his prose works, was admired both by his contemporaries and by successive generations. They promoted the flowering of a merciful Chris­tocentricity which, according to the experts, is the most original and attractive feature of his poetry. As is clearly seen in the hymns received into the Divine Of­fice, Ambrose’s singular ability effectively to stimulate the soul to prayer through a powerful and insuperable lyrical inspiration, is capable literally of transforming the daily hours into songs of praise, and explains Petrarch’s habit of rising during the night to sing hymns to the Lord.
Małżeństwo drogą doskonalenia chrześcijańskiego na podstawie epistolografii św. Paulina z Noli
Authors: Pałucki Jerzy
Published: November 2020

According to Paulinus of Nola proper Christian formation is only possible in a community. Of course, he accepted its various forms, from family life, through monasticism to the hermit, but in this case, always remaining in the contact with other hermits. No doubt the example of Paulinus and Theresia had a great impact on the decisions of many aristocratic families who wanted to go in their footsteps. Their determined attitude and brave opposition to the overall criticism from the „world”, added the courage to those who were thinking alike, but so-called „politi­cal correctness”, or rather „class correctness”, holding them back. In time, how­ever, the new way of life of spouses-monks was approved and many people began to visit the hermitage in Cimitile, and their way of life has become not only the sub­ject of numerous discussions, but also the spiritual impulse to change many hearts. Therefore, one can talk about their innovative launch of the new forms of Christian perfecting. It would have to serve also to the reform of the Church, which increa­singly in the fourth and fifth century began to lose its freshness of evangelical wit­ness and began to undergo a dangerous tendency of overgrowth of administrative structures over her spiritual ministry. Paulin has set a specific program of Christian perfecting, which he lived with his wife Theresia and to which he encouraged his friends. Paulin's correspondence and his view of Christian perfecting through mar­riage should be read in the appropriate key of his specific ecclesiology, very per­sonal, spiritual and mystical, as it was shown in the above article.
Obraz Maryi u św. Hieronima w jego "Komentarzu do Ewangelii według św. Mateusza"
Authors: Pochwat Józef
Published: November 2020

According to St Jerome (347-420) there is an unbreakable link between Mary and life, as well as the plans of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. She is chosen by God for the role that he has assigned her. St Jerome presents Mary as a woman and a virgin. He shows the fatherhood of God in relation to Jesus and excludes the physical fatherhood of Joseph. While giving to Mary the task that is beyond human abilities, God provides help in the person of a righteous man to be her husband and the foster father of His Son, Jesus. Jerome also shows God’s concern for the dignity of marriage and the family, in their natural dimension (the union between a man and a woman only). Basing this on the Scripture and the way of expression in Hebrew, he rejects the hypothesis of the brothers and sisters of Jesus. St. Jerome knows very well the results of Scripture research as well as other writings - Apocrypha. He rejects the opinions of the Marcionites and the Manicheans. He stresses the reality of the incarnation of Jesus, the Son of God and emphasizes the virginity of Mary. In modern times, the Commentary on the gospel according to Mathew by St Jerome invites us to a deeper reflection on en­gagement, marriage and virginity, maternity and paternity as well as trust in God and confidence between spouses.
Znaczenie Egiptu w apokaliptyce – Λόγος Τέλειος /Asclepius (NHC VI, 8: 70,3-76,1; Ascl. 24-27)
Authors: Sowińska Agata
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper was to present the Egyptian land in two apocalyptic texts both written in a Coptic language. First – the Apocalypse of Elijah (written in two Coptic dialectical versions: Sahidic and Achmimic) – shows a typical biblical meaning of Egypt as a place full of pain, death and fear. On the other hand, in the Codex VI of the Nag Hammadi Library there is the Apocalypse which gives us quite different image of that part of African land. This very Apocalypse is called the Apocalypse of Hermes Trismegistos or the Hermetic Apocalypse (written in Sahidic dialect and partly in the ancient Greek, whole test is composed in a Latin version and attributed to Ps-Apuleius of Madaura). Here, Egypt seems to be a paradise – image of heaven, land of gods and beautiful temples. But suddenly, that peaceful part of the world turns into “hell” with death, blood and pain – just like in the Apocalypse of Elijah. Our purpose was to analyze those two Coptic Apocalypse, compare the results and finally, try to find the answer on the basic questions: Egypt – heaven or hell? Could it be that this land was full of blood because of monotheistic religion?
Antuza – matka św. Jana Chryzostoma w świetle starożytnych źródeł
Authors: Stępniewska Alicja
Published: November 2020

The existing historiography keep silent about Anthusa, early widowed mother of St. John Chrysostom, who raised him, educated and led to Christianity. The author, who for years has been involved in the life of the mothers of the Fathers of the Church, presents her figure based on available historical sources from the first millennium, including: a). the statements of John in his own works (Dialogus de sacerdotio I; Ad viduam iuniorem 2; Epistula ad Olympiadem 6, 4), however he had never mentioned her name; b). later Lives of John, based on his own works and transmitted traditions, in which his mother is mentioned (Palladius – Dialogus de vita S. Joannis Chrysostomi, BHG 870, CPG 6037; Georgius Alexandrinus – Vita S. Joannis Chrysostomi, BHG 873, CPG 7979; anonymous Vita S. Joannis Chrysostomi abbreviate, BHG 874d; Theodorus Trimithuntius – Vita S. Joannis Chrysostomi, BHG 872, CPG 7989; Ps-Hesychius Hierosolymitanus – Laudatio S. Joannis Chrysostomi, BHG 880h, CPG 6592; Cosmas Vestitor – Vita S. Joannis Chrysostomi, BHG 876m, CPG 8147; Symeon Metaphrastes – Vita et conversa­tio S. Joannis Chrysostomi, BHG 875; anonymous Vita S. Joannis Chrysostomi, BHG 875d); c). the ancient histories of the Church (Socrates – HE VI 3, 1; Cas­siodorus – Historia tripartita X 3).
Wychowanie potomstwa na przykładzie "Kobierców" Klemensa Aleksandryjskiego i listów św. Hieronima ze Strydonu
Authors: Swoboda Antoni
Published: November 2020

The introduced article is composed of four parts. The first concerns the gene­ral principles relating to the education of man. The second part says about persons responsible for upbringing of the child, especially about the role of parents. In the third section, the reflections of both authors about the man, who is understood as the subject of the educational process, are presented. The last part approximates Jerome and Clement’s teaching on the subject of the formation, which involves the religious, moral and intellectual formation.
Inspiracje judeohelleńską egzegezą Filona Aleksandryjskiego w pismach św. Hieronima
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: November 2020

Jerome, like most of the early Christian exegetes (Origen, Didymus the Blind, Hilarius of Poitiers, Ambrose, Augustine), respected Philo of Alexandria as a spe­cialist in the field of spiritual exegesis of the Old Testament and called him vir doctissimus Iudaeorum. In his letters and biblical commentaries Jerome used the knowledge on the liturgical vestments of the high priest and their symbolism that can be found in the writings of Philo. However, Jerome probably didn’t use direct­ly his biblical commentaries, but took their content through the works of Origen, in which Philo's ideas have been christianized. The admiration for the person and work of Philo, which can be compared only to that showed in the East by Didymus the Blind, resulted in St. Jerome a certain lack of criticism. In De viris inlustribus Jerome too hastily considered Philo as a thinker deserved for the development of Christianity and attributed to him the works of which he was not the author.
Eucharystia jako centrum celebracji chrześcijańskiej w ujęciu katechetycznej szkoły aleksandryjskiej
Authors: Zając Marian
Published: November 2020

In connection with noticed today decrease of meaning and number of par­ticipants of the Eucharistic celebration and disappearance its common and con­scious experiences, author of the article in searching inspirations to solve this situation appeals to the Early Christian tradition of the Alexandrian Catechetical School of the III-V century. In this, exactly, school belief in real presence of Christ in the celebration of the Holy Eucharist and awareness of its consequences was a key value. The faced problem is figured out at the three chapters: 1. Eucharist – a celebrated mystery. 2. The Alexandrian Catechetical School in work for modern school of Eucharist (talked through multiple statements, science about Eucharist of aspect of real presence, sacrifice and fruits of experience four most famous its leaders: Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Athanasius of Alexandria and Cyril of Alexandria); 3. The Eucharist and catechetical mission.
Idea contemptus mundi u Eucheriusza z Lyonu
Authors: Zalewski Dariusz
Published: November 2020

The striving after abandoning the world was constantly accompanied by the ancient Christian spirituality. In monasticism the real abandonment of society is becoming one of the most important factors. Among the great monastic centers the monastery in Lérins plays a significant role in the formation of the spiritual tradition of the „separation” on the West. Eucherius, as one of the Lérins’ monks, makes the doctrine of rejection of the world one of the most significant points of his spirituality. One of his works was De contemptu mundi, where the Lérins writer represents an organic conception of the world and puts forward arguments against the world. In this article Eucherius of Lyons idea of contemptus mundi and reasons that could affect his thinking have been analyzed.
„Platoński” Marsanes i jego pitagorejski wątek
Authors: Zmorzanka Anna Z.
Published: November 2020

The opening part of this paper presents the influences of Middle-Platonist philosophy discernible in the ontology presupposed in the Marsanes. These are particularly conspicuous in the hierarchical arrangement of reality. At the summit of the Universe there is Invisible God, second in the hierarchy comes Barbelo, the Mind, complete with the world of intellect (identified with Platonic ideas), then follows the Soul and the world of the sense perception, which is the reflection of ideas. The second part contains a discussion of the fragment NHC X 32, 12 - 33, 6. described in the literature as „Pythagorean”. The fragment contains reference to the two eternal principles: monas and dyas, as well as to the ten cosmogonical principles. In this context the question arises as to the relationship of the cosmogo­ny assumed in this fragment and the one presupposed by the author of the Middle- Platonist exposition. Finally, it is concluded, that the Marsanes cosmogony is typi­cal of its period in being a synthesis comprising themes drawn from ontology (and cosmology) of both: Neopythagoreanism and Middle-Platonism.
Święty Augustyn, Augustyńskie napomnienie Wiktora (Augustinus, Epistula 8* coll. J. Divjak)
Authors: Pudliszewski Jacek
Published: November 2020

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Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments Berbantuan Ludo Math Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Berdasarkan Tingkat Disposisi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Nur Khodijah Nur Khodijah , Hartini Sri , Lestari Wiwit Damayanti
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk; (1) mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan pemahaman konsep berdasarkan Model Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments; (2) mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan pemahaman konsep berdasarkan tingkat disposisi matematis; (3) mengetahui interaksi antara Model Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments dan tingkat disposisi matematis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian penelitian eksperimen yang dilakukan di MTsN 2 Indramayu pada semester ganjil. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan tingkat disposisi matematis siswa kelas VII MTsN 2 Indramayu tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Sampel diambil sebanyak dua kelas menggunakan cluster random sampling dengan cara diundi.  Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menggunakan ANAVA Dua Jalan by level, diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) Terdapat perbedaan Kemampuan pemahaman konsep pada model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournamnets (TGT) berdasarkan penggunaan Ludo Math dan tanpa penggunaan Ludo Math. (2) Terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa kelompok tingkat disposisi matematis siswa tinggi dengan rendah. (3) Terdapat pengaruh interaksi (interaction effect).
THE RESEARCH OF THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL ARTS USING GROUNDED THEORY DURING COVID-19
Authors: Căpraru Mădălina
Published: November 2020

Studying the evolution of traditional arts in the XXI century brings with it the need to take into account a series of other concepts that are somewhat new in the study of traditional cultures, namely: pseudo-traditions and traditional kitsch, and also of already existing concepts such as the process of traditionalization and the adapting process of traditional arts. To better define these new concepts and to understand the reason behind the change in the traditional arts, I have chosen to use a grounded theory approach to the research to highlight and point out the reason and process behind the adaption and evolution of traditional arts. The method I intend to use to collected data is in-depth interviewing combined with the observation of the interviewee in his environment or surrounded by his creations. But the Covid-19 pandemic has overthrown the data collection plans. In this article I want to emphasize the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has on data collection and analysis, impacting the result of the research overall. The Covid-19 pandemic has forced me to reassess the data collection method approach. The in-depth interviews have transformed into semi-structured or even structured interviews, with the interviewee being able to easily avoid sensitive or disliked questions. It also takes the possibility of the researcher to analyze the behavior or reactions of the interviewee, limiting the data analyzed. The difference between the quality of data collected from face-to-face interviews compared to telephone or on-line interviewing is emphasized by the degree of the interviewee’s openness when discussing sensitive subjects, the predominance of non-opinion answers or evasive ones. In this article I want to emphasize the effect of the pandemic on the research of traditional arts using a qualitative methodology. Although on-line video interviews offer a closer to face-to-face interview experience, the interviewee is more prone to avoiding sensitive subjects or ending the interview altogether.
Performance of Broiler Chicken Carcass Provided with Water Extract (Phyllanthus niruri L) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam)
Authors: Astuti Puji , Suripta Heru
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the performance of broiler carcasses given meniran and moringa extracts. The research was conducted for 28 days at the Animal Husbandry Practice Unit (UPT) of the Karanganyar Animal Husbandry Academy. The material used was 60 broiler strain Ross strains aged 4 days, kept in 12 experimental units, each unit consisting of 5 chickens with an average initial weight of 95.77 ± 4.79 g. The first treatment (T0) control, chicken without giving meniran and moringa extracts, the second treatment (T1) the chicken was given 5 ml meniran extract per liter of drinking water, the third treatment (T2) the chickens were given 2.5 ml meniran extract and moringa 2 extract, 5 Moringa extracts per liter of drinking water, the fourth treatment (T3) of chickens was given Moringa extract 5 ml per liter of drinking water. The variables observed included drinking water consumption, final body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat percentage. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). The data were analyzed for variety and if there was a significant effect of the treatment, it was continued with the Duncan Multiple Distance Test to determine differences in treatment. The results showed that drinking water consumption, percentage, and percentage of abdominal fat were not significantly different between treatments, final body weight (g / head / day). , and carcass weight was significantly different between treatments. The conclusion of this research is that giving meniran and moringa extracts in drinking water does not affect the performance of broiler chicken carcasses. Keywords : Moringa meniran extract, final body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat percentage
Analysis of Tannin and Flavonoid Contents of Green Sirih Leaves (Piper betel linn) of Green Different in Physical Conditions
Authors: Setyabudi Sigit , Yakin Engkus Ainul , Sukaryani Sri
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of tannins and flavonoids from green sirih leaves which have different physical conditions. Sirih leaf  is used as the object of treatment prior to use beam sun dried for 2 days until the color changes, the weight of time, as well as the start crumbly texture, then followed by a drying method using an oven with a temperature of 40oC. The experimental design research in the form of RAL with using observation samples in the form of sirih leaf flour which was dried using sunlight without oven (P0), sirih leaf flour dried in the sun for 6 hours (P1), 7 hours (P2), 8 hours (P3). Sirih leaves that have been made into flour according to the experimental design are then analyzed for the content of tannins and flavonoids. The results of laboratory analysis are then processed using the SPSS application with ANOVA and Duncan analysis. Results of the analysis indicated that there was a very real effect on the old oven for 40OC to contain tannins and flavonoids (P <0.01), followed different test that produces very real differences occurred between treatments. The results of the use of methods oven for 8 hours at a temperature of 40oC after drying sunlight can increase the tannin content of 0,6% and 0,09% flavonoids from sun drying method without oven. Keywords : Green sirih leaf, Flavonoids, Tannins.
Fermentation of Carrot Juice Waste (Daucus carota L) with Probiotics and Utilization in Races of Chicken Layers on Egg Production and Quality
Authors: Sukarini Nur Endang
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to test the use of carrot juice fermentation with probiotics in rations with different levels on the production performance and quality of egg-laying hens. The material used was Lohman Brown strain of laying hens, 27 weeks old with an average initial body weight of 1.69 kg, as many as 45 birds. The research was conducted with experimental methods and used a Complete Design Acal (CRD). The treatment tested was the use of Carrot Extract Fermentation (FLSW) with probiotic SOC in the feed consisting of T1 = 100% basal ration, T2 = basal ration (97.5%) + FLSW (2.5%): T3 = basal ration ( 95%) + FLSW (5%); T4 = basal ration (92.5%) + FLSW (7.5%); T5 = basal ration (90%) + FLSW (10%). The variables observed were production performance (consumption, egg production (HDA / Hen Day Average), egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion and income over feed cost) and egg quality variables (albumin index, yolk index, Haugh Unit (HU), yolk color, albumin pH, yolk pH). The results of the analysis of variance showed that the use of carrot extract fermentation (FLSW) with different levels had a significant effect on feed consumption (Sig.115) and HDA (Sig.063), yolk index value (Sig.087) and yolk color (Sig. 000). , and not significantly different on feed conversion (Sig. 403), albumin index value (Sig. 522), and Haugh Unit (Sig. 259). The conclusion of the research showed that the use of fermented carrot juice waste (FLSW) in the feed of laying hens had an effect on feed consumption, egg production (Hen Day Averag / HDA), yolk index and yolk brightness (yolk color), but had no effect on conversion. feed, Haugh unit and albumin index value. Key words : probiotics, fermentation, carrot juice waste, production performance, egg quality