bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fully Integrated on-Chip Switched DC–DC Converter for Battery-Powered Mixed-Signal SoCs
Authors: Jeon Heungjun , Kim Kyung , Kim Yong-Bin
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a fully integrated on-chip switched-capacitor (SC) DC–DC converter that supports a programmable regulated power supply ranging from 2.6 to 3.2 V out of a 5 V input supply. The proposed 4-to-3 step-down topology utilizes two conventional 2-to-1 step-down topologies; each of them (2-to-1_up and 2-to-1_dw) has a different flying capacitance to maximize the load current driving capability while minimizing the bottom-plate capacitance loss. The control circuits use a low power supply provided by a small internal low-drop output (LDO) connected to the internal load voltage (VL_dw) from the 2-to-1_dw, and low swing level-shifted gate-driving signals are generated using the internal load voltage (VL_dw). Therefore, the proposed implementation reduces control circuit and switching power consumptions. The programmable power supply voltage is regulated by means of a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) technique with the compensated two-stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and the current-starved voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) to maintain high efficiency over a wide range of load currents. The proposed on-chip SC DC–DC converter is designed and simulated using high-voltage 0.35 μm bipolar, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and DMOS (BCDMOS) technology. It achieves a peak efficiency of 74% when delivering an 8 mA load current at a 3.2 V supply voltage level, and it provides a maximum output power of 48 mW (IL = 15 mA at VL_up = 3.2 V) at 70.5% efficiency. The proposed on-chip SC voltage regulator shows better efficiency than the ideal linear regulator over a wide range of output power, from 2.6 mW to 48 mW. The 18-phase interleaving technique enables the worst-case output voltage ripple to be less than 5.77% of the load voltage.
Mg2+-Based Method for the Pertuso Spring Discharge Evaluation
Authors: Sappa Giuseppe , Ferranti Flavia , De Filippi Francesco , Cardillo Giulia
Published: January 2017

This paper deals with the Environmental Monitoring Plan concerning the catchment work project of the Pertuso karst spring, which is going to be exploited to supply an important drinking water network in the south part of Roma district. The Pertuso Spring, located in the Upper Valley of the Aniene River, is the main outlet of a large karst aquifer, which is one of the most important water resources in the southeast part of Latium Region, Central Italy, used for drinking, agriculture, and hydroelectric supplies. The environmental monitoring activities provided data about one spring and two cross-sections of the Aniene River, from July 2014 to May 2016. A combined approach based on discharge measurements and hydrogeochemical analysis has been used to study flow paths and groundwater–surface water interaction in the study area. Tracer methods are particularly suitable in hydrogeological studies to assess transit times and flow properties in karst aquifers. The analysis of solute contents in the sampling points brought forth the identification of the Mg2+ ion as a conservative tracer in this specific system and, consequently, to the development of a conceptual model based on chemical mass balance for the Pertuso Spring discharge evaluation.
Silencing of Ribosomal Protein L34 (RPL34) Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Esophageal Cancer Cells
Authors: Fan Huijie , Li Jing , Jia Yongxu , Wu Jingjing , Yuan Long , Li Mingjun , Wei Jiangqi , Xu Benling
Published: January 2017

Ribosomal protein L34 (RPL34) belongs to the L34E family of ribosomal proteins and contains a zinc finger motif. Aberrant expression of RPL34 has been reported in several human malignancies. However, the precise role and potential underlying mechanisms of RPL34 in human esophageal cancer
remain largely unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of RPL34 in esophageal cancer progression. Our results showed that the expression of RPL34 at both the mRNA and protein levels was frequently upregulated in esophageal cancer cell lines. Knockdown of RPL34
efficiently inhibited esophageal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, knockdown of RPL34 significantly downregulated the protein expression level of p-PI3K and p-Akt in esophageal cancer cells. Finally, knockdown of RPL34 attenuated tumor growth in
nude mice. In conclusion, our study revealed that RPL34 functions as an oncogene that modulates the proliferation and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells, in part, by the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, these findings suggest that RPL34 may serve as a potential therapeutic
target for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
MicroRNA-133a Inhibits Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells by Downregulating ERBB2 Expression
Authors: Li Chang , Li Xiaoping , Gao Shuohui , Li Chang , Ma Lianjun
Published: January 2017

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer and the second highest leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It has already been established that miR-133a is involved in gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which miR-133a inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. We analyzed the proliferative capacity of human gastric cancer cells SNU-1 using an MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry. The expression levels of ERBB2, p-ERK1/2, and p-AKT in SNU-1 cells were determined using Western blot analysis. To confirm that ERBB2 is a direct target of miR-133a, a luciferase reporter assay was performed. Results showed that miR-133a overexpression inhibited SNU-1 cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. ERBB2 was a direct target of miR-133a, and it was negatively regulated by miR-133a. Interestingly, ERBB2 silencing has a similar impact to miR-133a overexpression, in that it significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited ERK and AKT activation. Our study showed that miR-133a inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by downregulating the expression of ERBB2 and its downstream signaling molecules p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT. Therefore, miR-133a might be used as a therapeutic target for treating gastric cancer.
Potencialidades e limites do uso da tecnologia para o aprofundamento da democracia
Authors: Almeida Layssa Ramos Maia de , Bautista Judith Bustamante , Addor Felipe
Published: January 2017

A evidente crise de legitimidade do sistema democrático representativo tradicional vigente na maioria dos países do mundo ocidental valoriza a experimentação de práticas democráticas participativas que buscam uma maior interferência popular nos espaços de construção das políticas públicas. De que forma o campo da Engenharia pode contribuir na perspectiva de aprofundar processos democráticos inclusivos? Um dos eixos de interação que tem permitido essa contribuição está no uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) no campo político. Neste artigo, buscamos trazer reflexões sobre os possíveis caminhos que as TIC podem traçar na sua relação com o sistema democrático. Primeiro, fazemos um resgate sobre como a questão participativa tem sido destacada como um caminho para superar a crise do sistema político. Levantamos, em seguida, uma revisão sobre os principais termos e propostas que moldam essa experimentação democrática digital para, posteriormente, sistematizar quais são suas principais potencialidades e limites. Por último, refletimos sobre os desafios para o aprofundamento da participação na conjuntura atual com as ferramentas disponíveis.
La « grande standardisation » et les transformations du savoir dans les sociétés technoscientifiques
Authors: Ruano-Borbalan Jean-Claude
Published: January 2017

L’article montre la généralisation depuis deux siècles de la technoscience industrielle, l’extension de l’éducation et de la formation dans les pays développés, le développement des médias de masse. Il souligne l’avènement d’un nouveau régime dominant de production technoscientifique depuis les années 1980, la généralisation planétaire de la scolarisation et de la communication de masse ou en réseau, tous processus fondés sur une forte standardisation. La standardisation du savoir porte aujourd’hui sur les comportements et de l’acquisition des « compétences » ( key competencies, transfer of economic valuable knowledge ). Cette mise en standard des comportements se nourrit d’un contrepoint : la promotion de la créativité et de l’identité individuelle. Ces derniers discours, fondés sur une tradition longue d’innovation pédagogique ou entrepreneuriale, sont aujourd’hui promus par de nombreux acteurs institutionnels, économiques, politiques et sociaux. Ils constituent l’envers en tension de la généralisation des formes de la standardisation massive du savoir et de la connaissance. JEL Codes: O31, Y80
École, rationalité scientifique et démocratie au début du 21 e siècle : épuisement ou renouvellement d’une alliance séculaire ?
Authors: Radtka Catherine
Published: January 2017

L’enseignement scientifique à l’école et, surtout, son déploiement auprès de générations entières ont contribué à faire de l’école un lieu dans lequel se joue une partie des rapports entre sciences et société. Un double objectif – assurer le recrutement de quelques-uns et la transmission d’une culture à tous – constitue depuis plusieurs décennies une des justifications principales de cet enseignement. Cet article en analyse les reformulations récentes et en étudie certaines concrétisations en se focalisant sur le discours européen en matière d’éducation et d’enseignement scientifique, puis en confrontant ce discours à des contenus d’enseignement, saisis dans trois contextes nationaux différents via des manuels scolaires. Ce faisant, il montre que si, dans l’ensemble, une place privilégiée reste attribuée à la science comme institution, les transformations des dernières décennies tendent à influencer l’enseignement scientifique d’une manière non univoque: des approches nationales différentes sont proposées pour former les futurs citoyens.
Entre formation intellectuelle et pratique professionnelle ou la formation des ingénieurs civils selon Henri Fayol
Authors: Rojas Luc
Published: January 2017

L’institutionnalisation de la formation des ingénieurs est un processus accompagnant l’industrialisation au 19 e  siècle. Traditionnellement, deux conceptions s’opposent au sein de cet univers : celle favorisant la formation intellectuelle et celle préférant la pratique professionnelle. Au regard de cette dualité, les ingénieurs sont contraints de prendre position. Parallèlement à sa réflexion sur l’administration des entreprises, Henri Fayol initie une pensée sur la formation des ingénieurs. Celle-ci est à l’image du reste de son raisonnement, basée sur son expérience personnelle et sa carrière industrielle. Ainsi il propose un modèle de formation liant atelier et École dans lequel il redéfinit implicitement le rôle de l’ingénieur en prônant l’intégration de savoirs généralistes dans les cursus de formation. Si cette position n’est pas une nouveauté dans le monde des ingénieurs – la tradition leplaysienne s’étant, dès le 19 e  siècle, emparée de cette thématique – Fayol propose ici une formation devant être plus proche du monde industriel et de ses besoins.
Les 21st Century Town Meetings dans les années 1990 et 2000 : assemblées délibérantes et marchandisation de l’authenticité politique dans une époque d’austérité
Authors: Lee Caroline W. , Vannini Laurent
Published: January 2017

Le champ de la participation publique a connu une croissance spectaculaire aux États-Unis durant les années 1990 et 2000. Cela est dû en partie à AmericaSpeaks, l’organisation phare des concertations et des délibérations, et leur marque déposée de méthode de coordination, 21st Century Town Meetings, visant à la prise de décision au sein de groupes de grande taille. En prenant appui sur mon expérience d’observation participative durant trois rassemblements de ce type, ainsi que, plus largement, sur une analyse ethnographique multi-méthode du domaine d’activité, j’appréhende ces rencontres dans leur contexte comme des assemblées délibérantes expérimentales durant une période d’effervescence autour du déclin de la capacité d’agir des citoyens aux États-Unis. Les assemblées publiques organisées par AmericaSpeaks étaient labellisées comme d’authentiques alternatives de nature politique à la politique traditionnelle. Mais, alors que méthodes participatives et discours d’ empowerment devenaient populaires auprès d’une grande variété d’acteurs privés et publics, l’organisation ne parvint pas à trouver un modèle économique viable. Je conclus en évoquant les défis que doivent relever les assemblées publiques contemporaines dans une période où l’authenticité politique est devenue une marchandise de grande valeur.
« D’une manière pacifique et ordonnée ». Town meetings et assemblées populaires à l’époque de la fondation des États-Unis
Authors: Martin Robert W. T. , Salgues Camille
Published: January 2017

Les town meetings de la Nouvelle-Angleterre ont longtemps été perçus comme l’archétype du forum délibératif citoyen. Aujourd’hui, les politistes tendent à insister davantage sur le lien entre tout forum public particulier et l’ensemble du système délibératif dans lequel il s’inscrit. Le plus souvent, ce travail s’est basé sur des exemples récents. Mais un retour à l’époque de la fondation des États-Unis montre que les town meetings , quelles que soient les louanges dont ils font l’objet et leurs nombreuses vertus démocratiques, représentent aussi une forme de limitation de l’action populaire en général, et de la dissidence démocratique en particulier.
Mobilité connectée et continuité spatio-temporelle des activités
Authors: Adoue François
Published: January 2017

Le déplacement peut être appréhendé comme un espace-temps accueillant des activités, et notamment de plus en plus d’activités numériques connectées sous l’influence conjointe de la diffusion du smartphone dans la société et de l’amélioration de la qualité de la connexion dans les transports en commun. Si l’espace-temps du déplacement demeure un espace-temps spécifique en termes de déploiement d’activités, la mise en connexion de la mobilité participe à affaiblir les différences observables entre espace-temps du déplacement et autres espaces-temps du quotidien.
Faire du smartphone un instrument de la relation de service ?
Authors: Marquet Clément
Published: January 2017

En 2013, RAIL IDF, opérateur de transport en commun en Île-de-France, organise un concours d’innovation titré « Hackcess RAIL IDF ». Lors du concours, un projet d’application mettant en relation les utilisateurs handicapés et les agents est proposé. S’appuyant sur l’observation du développement de cette application, l’article interroge les modèles d’accessibilité et les conceptions du service qui se donnent à voir au gré des arbitrages des responsables de projet. La production d’un service connecté visant l’accessibilité pour les personnes handicapées est ainsi prise comme révélateur d’une transformation plus profonde de l’organisation de la mobilité chez RAIL IDF. Se mêlent en effet trois approches du service, technologique, social et managérial, que les responsables du projet essaient d’articuler. In fine , les tensions entre ces trois approches limitent la portée de l’application, mais contribuent néanmoins à faire du Smartphone l’instrument de la relation de service à la personne chez RAIL IDF.
La montée des marchés à Cannes
Authors: Lecler Romain
Published: January 2017

À partir des années 1980, les marchés internationaux de biens audiovisuels (cinéma et télévision) ont connu un essor spectaculaire perçu comme symptomatique d’une mondialisation audiovisuelle en train d’advenir. On propose ici d’appréhender les échanges audiovisuels à partir de ces marchés, en les comparant aux foires, marchés et salons internationaux qui se sont développés dans de nombreux autres secteurs. Or jusque-là, ces évènements internationaux ont été appréhendés à travers trois perspectives dominantes, soit comme des « clusters temporaires », soit comme des lieux de configuration des régulations marchandes, soit comme différents nœuds d’un « système-monde » polycentrique. À partir d’une enquête auprès des professionnels français des exportations audiovisuelles qui fréquentent les marchés internationaux, on propose d’intégrer ces perspectives en les reformulant à travers une approche plus chronologique, celle d’un circuit itinérant de marchés qui sont de plus en plus fréquentés, de plus en plus internationaux et de plus en plus rationalisés et professionnalisés. En outre, ce circuit apparaît moins comme une série de lieux structurellement identiques, mais géographiquement et temporellement distincts, que comme une chronologie stabilisée, au rythme cyclique, avec des séquences incontournables et d’autres, facultatives, qui permettent aux professionnels d’élaborer leurs propres trajets marchands, en fonction de leurs moyens et de pondérations indigènes.
Les cartes Dixit comme support aux représentations métaphoriques : un média d’intervention systémique sous mandat
Authors: Mousnier Etienne , Knaff Laurence , Es-Salmi Abdessamê
Published: January 2017

Dans le cadre de notre travail de guidance familiale sous mandat, nous initions des processus d’intervention attentifs à la création de l’espace intermédiaire. Dans cet article, nous présentons l’utilisation du média que nous avons créé à partir des cartes du jeu de société Dixit , en entretien individuel et collectif, pour soutenir un travail qui porte tant sur l’individu que sur son système. A partir de questions sur leurs représentations (d’événements, de relations, d’affects, etc.), les personnes choisissent des images symboliques qui ouvrent au langage métaphorique. Ce dernier facilite l’expression et l’énonciation, l’émergence des tiers relationnels ou encore l’accès aux croyances – à travers un échange qui se coconstruit entre les personnes et nous.
Les jeunes adultes et leurs parents face à l’entrée dans la vie : une nouvelle étape du cycle de vie familiale ?
Authors: Dupont Sébastien
Published: January 2017

La conjoncture socio-économique du début du XXI e siècle, l’évolution des mœurs et l’allongement des études ont transformé les conditions d’entrée dans la vie du jeune adulte et ont fait émerger une nouvelle étape dans le cycle de vie familiale. Cet article étudie les caractéristiques propres à cette étape, les tâches développementales auxquelles les familles sont confrontées, les variables liées aux différentes cultures européennes et aux milieux sociaux, et enfin les enjeux psychothérapeutiques qu’elle peut soulever.
Current Trends in the Management of Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Eltorai Adam E. M. , Sobel Andrew D. , Thomas Nathan P. , Daniels Alan H. , Born Christopher T.
Published: January 2017

This article discusses recent reports on distal radius fractures. The keyword “distal radius fracture” was used to query the PubMed database of the US National Library of Medicine. From the resulting list, articles published in the
Journal of Hand Surgery (American Volume),
the
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume),
and the
Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
from April 2014 through December 2015 were reviewed. Related commentaries were also evaluated. Case series of fewer than 5 patients were excluded. The 65 studies and commentaries identified are categorized and summarized. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(3):145–152.]
A New Type of Road Material Prepared from Coal Tar Pitch
Authors: Liu Zhe , Liu Peng Fei , Sun Chong Liang
Published: January 2017

A new type of road material was made by modifying coal tar pitch with a kind of self-made compound modifier. According to technical standards “Standard Test Methods of Bitument and Bituminous Mixture for Highway Engineering” JTG E20-2011, the properties of modified coal-tar pitch (M-CTP) and its mixture were studied, the softening point, ductility and penetration of M-CTP were all up to standard. Moreover, the properties of M-CTP mixture were also investigated, the wheel tracking test showed the M-CTP mixture has a dynamic stability of 1511n/mm, which was higher than the requirement of ≥800n/mm. The beam bending test results indicated the low-temperature property of M-CTP mixture reach the standard of AH-70 mixture. The Freeze-thaw split test demonstated the water stability of M-CTP mixture meet the standard for using in asphalt pavement. In all, a new type of road material by modifying coal tar pitch was obtained and its properties meet the standard of AH-70. The additive amount of modifier was 15% and the optimum effect was attained. Moreover, the ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer was used to test the content of benzopyrene (BaP) in CTP before and after modified by M. And the content decreased from 1.92% to 1.62%.
Ecological and Hygienic Estimation Precipitation of the Municipal Wastewater Application at the Formation of Secondary Ecosystems in the Mining and Iron Ore Processing Areas
Authors: Hryhorenko L.V.
Published: January 2017

On the basis of Krivoy Rog iron mining ore deposit companies (Ukraine) the complex field studies focused on the fast development of secondary landscapes in the surface of dumps after iron mining were carried out. In order to create the top layer of waste purification from household sewage was carried out sewage clearing facility silt. It is well known that breed dumps are dangerous for the environment, particularly for the surface and ground water. Overnormal concentrations of salt had been found in water samples, taken from the river Inhulets in a zone of influence breed (2.1 MPL), sulfates and carbonates (2.7 MPL), iron (2.1 MPL), chloride (1.7 MPL), magnesium (3.1 MPL). In the wells from nearest villages water is not suitable for drinking purposes and contains total sum of salts – 4.97 MPL, sulfates and carbonates – 5.16 MPL, cadmium – 3.7 MPL, lead – 1.53 MPL. Thus, the toxic heavy metals concentrations (Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Fe) in the fish and amphibians, as well as herbaceous plants in these areas did not exceed the permissible levels.Use of clearing facilities sludge aged from 1.5 years and more in the amount 15 kg/m2 did not lead to increased concentration of heavy metals in the top layer of dumps. Total pollution of the soil within six months after application of sludge correspond to the "permissible" level (Zc = 1.61).To assess the suitability of the silt dumps, we proposed list of indicators, which correspond to the chemical and epidemiological safety and classify as "suitable", "conditionally suitable" and "not suitable". We found that optimal conditions for formation of a new soil dumps with ratio of such indicators as "nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium" should be corresponded to the working dose 300 kg/ha by nitrogen amount. This is the maximum amount of mature silt 66.7-70 ton/ha.
Akt Signaling Pathway in Macrophage Activation and M1/M2 Polarization
Authors: Vergadi Eleni , Ieronymaki Eleftheria , Lyroni Konstantina , Vaporidi Katerina , Tsatsanis Christos
Published: January 2017

Macrophages become activated initiating innate immune responses. Depending on the signals, macrophages obtain an array of activation phenotypes, described by the broad terms of M1 or M2 phenotype. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway mediates signals from multiple receptors including insulin receptors, pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors, cytokine receptors, adipokine receptors, and hormones. As a result, the Akt pathway converges inflammatory and metabolic signals to regulate macrophage responses modulating their activation phenotype. Akt is a family of three serine-threonine kinases, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3. Generation of mice lacking individual Akt, PI3K, or mTOR isoforms and utilization of RNA interference technology have revealed that Akt signaling pathway components have distinct and isoform-specific roles in macrophage biology and inflammatory disease regulation, by controlling inflammatory cytokines, miRNAs, and functions including phagocytosis, autophagy, and cell metabolism. Herein, we review the current knowledge on the role of the Akt signaling pathway in macrophages, focusing on M1/M2 polarization and highlighting Akt isoform–specific functions.
Assessing Progress and Pitfalls of the Millennium Development Goals in Zimbabwe: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Mutangabende Shepherd , Shava Elvin
Published: January 2017

Zimbabwe adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) at their inception in 2000 and it has trends of its progress in its attempt to attain these MDGs as indicated in progress reports since 2004, 2010, 2012 and 2015. In these reports optimistic trends are chiefly found in MDG2 on universal primary education which is Zimbabwe’s pride in Africa, MDG3 regarding gender parity in schools and MDG6 on HIV and AIDS. The country continues to face its biggest challenges in attaining MDG1 which is eliminating extreme poverty and hunger and MDG5 which is increase nurturing mortality, whereas all the objectives under these goals are dubious that would be attained at the cut-off date. It was unfortunate that, the inception of the MDGs coincided with the deepening of socioeconomic, political and environmental crisis in the country which made it very difficult for Zimbabwe to accomplish all of its MDGs. The focal motive of this study was to check the progress, policies, programmes and strategies which were in place to promote the attainment of the MDGs from 2000-2015 and other strategies or policies in place to attain the SDGs 2016-2030. This paper recommended that there is need for institutionalisation of SDGs that is aligning them with Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socioeconomic Transformation (Zim-Asset) cluster; for instance, value accumulation and beneficiation, nourishment security, poverty extermination, social services and strengthening partnership with all stakeholders. The research uses intensive secondary data analysis from various sources including government gazette, journal articles, e-books, and government website, reports, published and unpublished books.
Conference report: Undergraduate family medicine and primary care training in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reflections of the PRIMAFAMED network
Authors: Besigye Innocent , Mash Robert , Essuman Akye , Flinkenflögel Maaike
Published: January 2017

Internationally, there is a move towards strengthening primary healthcare systems and encouraging community-based and socially responsible education. The development of doctors with an interest in primary healthcare and family medicine in the African region should begin during undergraduate training. Over the last few years, attention has been given to the development of postgraduate training in family medicine in the African region, but little attention has been given to undergraduate training. This article reports on the 8th PRIMAFAMED (Primary Care and Family Medicine Education) network meeting held in Nairobi from 21 to 24 May 2016. At this meeting the delegates spent time presenting and discussing the current state of undergraduate training at 18 universities in the region and shared lessons on how to successfully implement undergraduate training. This article reports on the rationale for, information presented, process followed and conclusions reached at the conference.
Representing nighttime and minimum conductance in CLM4.5: global hydrology and carbon sensitivity analysis using observational constraints
Authors: Lombardozzi Danica L. , Zeppel Melanie J. B. , Fisher Rosie A. , Tawfik Ahmed
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The terrestrial biosphere regulates climate through carbon, water, and energy exchanges with the atmosphere. Land-surface models estimate plant transpiration, which is actively regulated by stomatal pores, and provide projections essential for understanding Earth's carbon and water resources. Empirical evidence from 204 species suggests that significant amounts of water are lost through leaves at night, though land-surface models typically reduce stomatal conductance to nearly zero at night. Here, we test the sensitivity of carbon and water budgets in a global land-surface model, the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4.5, to three different methods of incorporating observed nighttime stomatal conductance values. We find that our modifications increase transpiration by up to 5 % globally, reduce modeled available soil moisture by up to 50 % in semi-arid regions, and increase the importance of the land surface in modulating energy fluxes. Carbon gain declines by up to  ∼ 4 % globally and  >  25 % in semi-arid regions. We advocate for realistic constraints of minimum stomatal conductance in future climate simulations, and widespread field observations to improve parameterizations.
Transport and degradation of perchlorate in deep vadose zone: implications from direct observations during bioremediation treatment
Authors: Dahan Ofer , Katz Idan , Ronen Zeev
Published: January 2017

Abstract. An in situ bioremediation experiment of a deep vadose zone (~ 40 m) contaminated with a high concentration of perchlorate (> 25,000 mg L−1) was conducted through a full-scale field operation. Favorable environmental conditions for microbiological reduction of perchlorate were sought by infiltrating an electron donor-enriched water solution using drip irrigation underlying an airtight sealing liner. A vadose-zone monitoring system (VMS) was used for real-time tracking of the percolation process, the penetration depth of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the variation in perchlorate concentration across the entire soil depth. The experimental conditions for each infiltration event were adjusted according to insight gained from data obtained by the VMS in previous stages. Continuous monitoring of the vadose zone indicated that in the top 13 m of the cross section, perchlorate concentration is dramatically reduced from thousands of milligrams per liter to near-detection limits with a concurrent increase in chloride concentration. Nevertheless, in the deeper parts of the vadose zone (
Consequências nas práticas culturais: efeitos sobre indivíduos ou grupos?
Authors: Carrara Kester
Published: January 2017

Este artigo expõe algumas das principais conjecturas sobre o processo de seleção pelas consequências noâmbito das práticas culturais, especialmente no que diz respeito à unidade de seleção: se o indivíduo emsituação de grupo ou se o próprio grupo. O ensaio também analisa a maneira pela qual são selecionadosos padrões de entrelaçamento de contingências e seu papel na manutenção ou modulação das práticasculturais. Ao discutir implicações de uma visão evolucionista integrada dos “níveis” filogenético,ontogenético e cultural, o estudo argumenta por seleção pelas consequências ocorrendo no grupo e nãosobre ele, o que implica a proposição de escolha da contingência de três termos como unidade de análisesuficiente e adequada à Análise Comportamental da Cultura.
Selecionismo, Metáforas e Práticas Culturais: Haveria um Terceiro Tipo de Seleção no Nível Cultural?
Authors: Zilio Diego
Published: January 2017

Este ensaio é uma reflexão acerca da ideia segundo a qual haveria um tipo de seleção dedicado às práticasculturais. Argumentarei que tal proposição foi subsidiada pela extensão metafórica do processo deseleção natural à dimensão cultural. Elencarei inconsistências na obra skinneriana resultantes dessaestratégia e também possíveis problemas associados ao desenvolvimento de modelos explicativos a partirde metáforas e analogias. Diante desse contexto, avaliarei a possibilidade de análise do processo deseleção de práticas culturais sem pressupor a existência de um terceiro tipo de seleção, e sem lançar mãode metáforas e analogias, a partir de proposta na qual a contingência permanece como unidade de análisecentral. Consequências possíveis da adoção dessa alternativa serão exploradas.
Health promotion in multidisciplinary residency: Contributions to the training process
Authors: Souza Fernanda Pinheiro Peixoto de , Machado Lucas Dias Soares , Santana Kelly Fernanda Silva , Rocha Rhavena Maria Gomes Sousa , Lopes Maria do Socorro Vieira , Machado Maria de Fátima Antero Sousa
Published: January 2017

Approaching the knowledge of professionals of a multidisciplinary residency program in health contributes to the reflection and analysis of knowledge, with reflexes in the structuring of educational responses aimed at strengthening the effective movement of health promotion in this training modality. This study aimed to understand the knowledge that professionals in a multidisciplinary residency have about health promotion and know the perceptions that they have about the contributions of the residency training process for health promotion practices. This is an exploratory study with qualitative approach, carried out in the context of Integrated Health Residency Program of the School of Public Health of Ceará-ESP-EC, Ceará State, Brazil. Sixteen professionals who had been trained in the program were interviewed. Data from interviews were organized according to content analysis technique and with the support of ATLAS.ti software. Two categories were raised: 1) Health promotion: from information to empowerment; and 2) Multiple training moments: contributions to health promotion practices in Multidisciplinary Residency in Health. The knowledge of residents, inferred from the speeches, sometimes assumed a posture congruent with the theoretical-conceptual international principles of health promotion, strengthening its effectiveness in the country through the Multidisciplinary Residency in Health as a training modality, and sometimes revealed features still related only to the prevention of diseases. Residents demonstrated to be aware of the need to overcome the hegemonic model that considers health professionals as the sole holders of knowledge.
The Struggle for Confiscation: An Imperialistic Look at Alfred Lord Tennyson’s Poem “Ulysses”
Authors: Babamiri Navid Salehi
Published: January 2017

The power of imperialism ascended during the Victorian age, when both the sense of nationalism and industrial revolution concurrently took place. Imperialism in its kind is the sense of domination of one group of people over another, or to a great point, it’s the domination of one country to other countries to confiscate its properties and belongings. Here in the poem written by Alfred Lord Tennyson, the poet tries to ironize the situation by showing and focusing on such an old king (may be the king of England), who has recently come back home from his travels and has complained about his “idleness.” This “idleness” for the king is equal to ceasing the kind of power, namely, if he does not move and battle, he has nothing for his country, and even he does not record a name for himself in the history of England. Thus the aim of the present paper is not only limitedto the relation between power and the sense of imperialism, a relation that leads to malicious and destructive behavior but it also condemns that kind of relation. However, it is done implicitly, as once the poet did in his poem, by showing the negative use of power in hands of some, like the king of England, who has done his best even at his death’s door to continue again and conquer wherever he sees that brings benefits to him. Not surprisingly; the poem also implies to the battle of Troy in the sense of imperial actions.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 9, No. 2
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: January 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2017.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 7, No. 1
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: January 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2017.
Brain Dominance Quadrants and Reflective Teaching among ELT Teachers: A Relationship Study
Authors: Ashraf Hamid , Samir Aynaz , Yazdi Mona Tabatabaee
Published: January 2017

The present study investigated the relationship between Iranian English language teachers’ reflectivity and their brain dominant quadrants. To this end, 102 Iranian EFL teachers at several language institutes and universities (i.e., Bojnord, Ghochan, Gonabad, Kashmar, Shandiz, Neyshaboor, & Mashhad) in Iran participated in this study. The Brain Dominance Survey which was developed by Ashraf, Tabatabaee Yazdi, & Kafi was employed to categorize participants as right and left brain dominant, and English Language Teaching Reflection Inventory developed by Akbari, Behzadpoor, & Dadvand was administered to measure teacher reflectivity. Then the data was analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis to investigate the extent to which teachers’ brain dominant quadrants might have predictive power in their reflective teaching practices. Results indicated a statistically positive significant correlation with teachers who used their A quadrant and teaching reflectiveness whilst teachers with C quadrant dominance had a negative significant correlation with being reflective. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that there is no significant relationship between reflectivity and teachers’ B and D brain quadrants dominance. To teach more reflectively, teachers need to better understand their brain differences and how it can affect the teaching strategies. All teachers should find ways to combine teaching activities that involve both left and right of their brain, and not only practice six underlying factors of reflection in their teaching but also employ reflective procedures in order to develop their reflective practices.
Lecturers’ Method in Teaching Speaking at the University of Iqra Buru
Authors: Tahir Saidna Zulfiqar Bin , Hanapi Hanapi
Published: January 2017

This research aimed to reveal; (1) what method was applied by lecturers in teaching speaking; (2) how was the method applied in the classroom; and (3) how was the students’ perception toward the implementation of the method. This research employed qualitative research. The respondent of the current research were two non-native English lecturers who taught at the University of Iqra Buru in Ambon, Maluku. To collect the data, three kinds of the instrument were used; observation, interview and documents examination. The data were analyzed using Miles & Huberman technique who proposed three concurrent flows of action: a) data reduction; b) data display; and c) conclusion drawing/verification. The researchers found that; 1) The most of the method used in teaching speaking were grammar translation method, task-based, and lexical approach; 2) The implementing method in teaching speaking at the university consisted of material presentation and classroom discussion; 3) The students have bad perception toward the implementation of lecturers’ method and learning activities in teaching speaking.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1
Authors: Xiao Maple
Published: January 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2017.
Determination of Four Nadolol Stereoisomers in Capsules by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Circular Dichroism
Authors: Prado Alexandre Grazielle , Wandermuren Márcio Nardelli , Peron Adriano , Tavares Vanessa Franco , Ramalho Padeiro Denis Alexandre , Sakiara Kelly Alessandra , Aurora-Prado María Segunda , Singh Anil Kumar , Kedor-Hackmann Erika Rosa , Miritello Santoro Maria Inês Rocha
Published: January 2017

Nadolol is a blocking agent with activity in β-adrenergic receptors. The objective of this research was to develop and validate an HPLC and circular dichroism method for the quantification of four nadolol stereoisomers in capsules. The HPLC method was validated using a Chiralcel OD column (250 × 4,6 mm, 10 μm). The mobile phase consisted of hexane–ethanol–diethylamine–acetic acid (86 + 14 + 0.3 + 0.3, v/v/v/v), with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min and temperature of 25 ± 1°C and UV detection carried out at 220 nm. Solutions were prepared in ethanol containing 200 μg/mL nadolol. The method proved to be precise, selective, accurate, and robust and was successfully applied for the determination of the two homologs of four nadolol stereoisomers in capsules.
Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products
Authors: Zhang Qing-An , Zhang Xiao-Li , Yan Yan-Ying , Fan Xue-Hui
Published: January 2017

In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. Principal component analysis and DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis were used to analyze correlation between antioxidant capacity and the compounds detected to screen which compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. Furthermore, gallic acid, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate were screened and found to be stronger antioxidant candidates. In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products.
A Marking Heuristic for Materials in a Shared Print Agreement
Authors: Anderson Evan M
Published: January 2017

Shared print agreements are increasingly being used to account for space and budgetary constraints. However, there is a dearth of information in both the literature and in the available program documentation regarding quotidian, yet essential, practicalities such as additional physical marking of materials that have been committed to be retained. This paper argues for the necessity of specific program-based marking on the basis of levels of access stipulated by agreements, that traditional rationales for marking are still relevant, and that these rationales are subject to the contexts of specific shared print agreements. Lastly, it proposes a heuristic based on access to guide policy makers.
Diminishing Short-Term Loan Returns: A Four-Year View of the Impact of Demand-Driven Acquisitions on Collection Development at a Small Academic Library
Authors: Buck Tina Herman , Hills Sara K.
Published: January 2017

When St. Edward’s University’s library implemented demand-driven acquisitions (DDA) for electronic books (e-books) in 2011, the program affordably served as the monographic front list for this small liberal arts university library with minimal demands on the professional staff. Over four years, short-term loan (STL) costs have increased at an alarming rate and important publishers have altered what content was made available through aggregator DDA platforms plus the terms of availability of the content. The library examined how DDA fits into it collection-building and management processes in a continually changing environment and offers some strategies and considerations useful for helping in the choice of e-book purchasing models.
A DIPLOMÁTICA CONTEMPORÂNEA EM PERIÓDICOS ON-LINE
Authors: Pedrazzi Fernanda Kieling , Camargo Eliete Regina Rabaioli
Published: January 2017

O trabalho apresenta a análise das revistas on-line com conceito Qualis A e B, identificando o que está sendo produzido na área de Diplomática Contemporânea no Brasil e que vem tendo visibilidade em publicações acadêmicas. A pesquisa surgiu a partir da constatação da inexistência de conteúdos sobre Diplomática Contemporânea, identificada pelos discentes do curso de Arquivologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - RS segundo pesquisa sobre Avaliação Institucional. O presente estudo identificou as produções nesta área específica, quem são seus autores e se essa realidade de falta de conteúdos sobre Diplomática Contemporânea também ocorre em outras Universidades no Brasil. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o número de publicações on-line na área de Diplomática Contemporânea com conceito A e B avaliadas pela Capes é baixo, sendo que das 12 revistas verificadas da área da Ciência da Informação, em apenas duas (Qualis B2 e B4) foram encontrados artigos da área (num total de três). Analisando a grade curricular de formação básica dos autores, verificou-se a inexistência da disciplina, além de identificar que outras áreas afins da Arquivologia, estão produzindo na área de Diplomática Contemporânea.
IDENTIDADE E INCUBAÇÃO: PROCESSOS COLETIVOS DE TRABALHO E O CASO DA INCUBADORA SOCIAL DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA
Authors: Lisboa Filho Flavi Ferreira , Goerck Caroline , Gaviraghi Fabio , Stock Ramos Schirlei
Published: January 2017

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar e compartilhar o trabalho desenvolvido junto à Incubadora Social da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, que vislumbrou por meio de um programa de ensino, pesquisa, extensão, o desenvolvimento sociotécnico (DAGNINO,2004) para Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários – EES, em especial a partir de um conjunto sistematizado de ações de educação, de identidade e de cooperativismo e associativismo voltadas para os processos coletivos de trabalho.
Análisis de residuos orgánicos y posibles contenidos en ánforas púnicas y turdetanas procedentes del valle del Guadalquivir
Authors: García Fernández Francisco José , Ferrer Albelda Eduardo , Álvarez Mateos Paloma , Durán Barrantes María Montaña
Published: January 2017

En este trabajo abordamos el estudio de los principales contenedores anfóricos que circularon en el Bajo Guadalquivir durante la II Edad del Hierro, cuáles eran los más representativos desde el punto de vista cuantitativo y, por tanto, los más elocuentes sobre los productos comercializados en los mercados turdetanos. Para ello se han tenido en cuenta tanto los recipientes de supuesta fabricación local (Pellicer B-C y Pellicer D) como los procedentes del ámbito púnico, especialmente la bahía de Cádiz y su hinterland (T-8.2.1.1 y T-8.1.1.2). Con las muestras obtenidas en las excavaciones en la calle Cilla (Alcalá de Río) y en Vico (Marchena), y exceptuando los envases de salazón de origen gaditano, los análisis de contenidos grasos indican que las ánforas T-8.1.1.2, contenían aceite de oliva, mientras que las ánforas “turdetanas” eran envases polifuncionales que podían transportar diversos productos (aceite de oliva, carnes en conserva, derivados lácteos) y/o ser reutilizadas.
Terracotas en Terra Sigillata Hispánica. Reflexión a partir de un nuevo ejemplar en Augusta Emerita (Mérida, Badajoz)
Authors: Bustamante-Álvarez Macarena , Mena Cristina , Bejarano Osorio Ana María
Published: January 2017

En el presente trabajo se da a conocer un nuevo ejemplar de terracota con decoración pintada y manufacturado en TSH. El interés del estudio radica en ser una de las únicas piezas de este tipo halladas en la Península Ibérica, el aparecer en una excavación de reciente realización y en presentar un acabado pictórico.El análisis de la pieza se realizará en clave iconográfica, funcional, técnica y cronológica.
Una diota de vidrio de la necrópolis de Orriols (Valencia)
Authors: Martínez Pérez María Asunción
Published: January 2017

Se presenta una botella de vidrio de dos asas (diota, forma 129 de Isings), que formaba parte del ajuar de un individuo adulto de sexo masculino enterrado en la necrópolis de Orriols (Valencia).