bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of medical effect of multiple ketamine infusions on patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhou Yan-Ling , Liu Wei-Jian , Wang Cheng-Yu , Zhan Yan-Ni , Li Han-Qiu , Chen Li-Jian , Li Ming D , Ning Yu-Ping
Published: February 2019

Objective:

Single-dose intravenous ketamine has rapid but time-limited antidepressant effects. We aimed to examine the sustained effects of six consecutive ketamine infusions in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder.

Methods:

Seventy-seven patients with major depressive disorder were eligible to receive augmentation with six ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg over 40 min) administered over the course of 12 days (Monday–Wednesday–Friday). The coprimary outcome measures were the rates of response and remission as measured on the 10-item Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Psychotomimetic and dissociative symptoms were measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-positive symptoms and the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale, respectively.

Results:

After the first ketamine infusion, only 10 (13.0%) and 6 (7.8%) patients responded and remitted, respectively; after six ketamine infusions, 52 (67.5%) patients responded and 37 (48.1%) remitted. There was a significant mean decrease in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score at four hours after the first ketamine infusion (7.0±7.5, p<0.001), and this decrease was maintained for the duration of the infusion period. The response to ketamine treatment was positively associated with no history of psychiatric hospitalization (odds ratio=3.56, p=0.009). Suicidal ideation rapidly decreased across the entire study sample, even among the nonresponder group. No significant differences were found regarding Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale scores from the first infusion at baseline to four hours post-infusion.

Conclusion:

Six ketamine infusions increased rates of response and remission when compared to a single-dose ketamine infusion in patients with major depressive disorder. Future controlled studies are warranted to confirm and expand these findings.
Addressing Online Behavioral Advertising and Privacy Implications: A Comparison of Passive Versus Active Learning Approaches
Authors: Labrecque Lauren I. , Markos Ereni , Darmody Aron
Published: February 2019

Sophisticated technology advances are delivering new and powerful ways for marketers to collect and use consumer data. These data-driven marketing capabilities present a unique challenge for students, as they will soon be expected to manage consumer data and make business decisions based on ethical, legal, and fiscal considerations. This article attempts to address shortcomings related to the “information privacy gap” in marketing education by providing educators with an online behavioral advertising exercise that they can employ in their courses. This article offers educators an easy-to-implement learning exercise that can help students better comprehend these new technologies and the implications for consumer privacy. Furthermore, we compare two exercises (active vs. passive learning) to assess the outcomes of each approach.
Vagus nerve stimulation for primary headache disorders: An anatomical review to explain a clinical phenomenon
Authors: Henssen Dylan Jozef Hendrik Augustinus , Derks Berend , van Doorn Mats , Verhoogt Niels , Van Cappellen van Walsum Anne-Marie , Staats Peter , Vissers Kris
Published: February 2019

Background

Non-invasive stimulation of the vagus nerve has been proposed as a new neuromodulation therapy to treat primary headache disorders, as the vagus nerve is hypothesized to modulate the headache pain pathways in the brain. Vagus nerve stimulation can be performed by placing an electrode on the ear to stimulate the tragus nerve, which contains about 1% of the vagus fibers. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) conventionally refers to stimulation of the cervical branch of the vagus nerve, which is made up entirely of vagal nerve fibers. While used interchangeably, most of the research to date has been performed with nVNS or an implanted vagus nerve stimulation device. However, the exact mechanism of action of nVNS remains hypothetical and no clear overview of the effectiveness of nVNS in primary headache disorders is available.

Methods

In the present study, the clinical trials that investigated the effectiveness, tolerability and safety of nVNS in primary headache disorders were systematically reviewed. The second part of this study reviewed the central connections of the vagus nerve. Papers on the clinical use of nVNS and the anatomical investigations were included based on predefined criteria, evaluated, and results were reported in a narrative way.

Results

The first part of this review shows that nVNS in primary headache disorders is moderately effective, safe and well-tolerated. Regarding the anatomical review, it was reported that fibers from the vagus nerve intertwine with fibers from the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves, mostly in the trigeminal spinal tract. Second, the four nuclei of the vagus nerve (nuclei of the solitary tract, nucleus ambiguus, spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and dorsal motor nucleus (DMX)) show extensive interconnections. Third, the efferents from the vagal nuclei that receive sensory and visceral input (i.e. nuclei of the solitary tract and spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve) mainly course towards the main parts of the neural pain matrix directly or indirectly via other vagal nuclei.

Conclusion

The moderate effectiveness of nVNS in treating primary headache disorders can possibly be linked to the connections between the trigeminal and vagal systems as described in animals.
Local Administration of Magnesium Promotes Meniscal Healing Through Homing of Endogenous Stem Cells: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Zhang Zheng-Zheng , Zhou Yun-Feng , Li Wei-Ping , Jiang Chuan , Chen Zhong , Luo Huan , Song Bin
Published: February 2019

Background:

Although many strategies have been developed to modify the biological and biomechanical environment of the meniscal suture repair to improve the chances of healing, the failure rates remain high. Thus, new methods to promote meniscal regeneration and repair are needed.

Hypothesis:

Administration of magnesium (via a repair using magnesium stitches) might enhance recruitment and adherence of endogenous stem cells to the site of the lesion, thereby promoting in situ meniscal regeneration and chondroprotective functions.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Synovial fluid–derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) were identified and isolated from the knees of rabbits with a meniscal injury of 4 weeks’ duration. An in vitro analysis of adherence and chemotaxis of SMSCs was performed. For the in vivo assay, rabbits (n = 120) with meniscal lesions were divided into 3 groups: repair with high-purity magnesium stitches (Mg group), repair with absorbable sutures (Control group), and no repair (Blank group). Healing of the regenerated tissue and degeneration of the articular cartilage were evaluated by gross and histological analysis at postoperative weeks 1, 3, 6, and 12. The mechanical properties of the repaired meniscus were also analyzed (tensile testing).

Results:

In vitro, magnesium promoted the adhesion and migration of SMSCs, which were identified and increased in the knee joints with meniscal lesions. Moreover, fibrochondrogenesis of SMSCs was stimulated by magnesium. Compared with the other groups, the Mg group had enhanced tissue regeneration, lower cartilage degeneration, and retained mechanical strength at 12 weeks after meniscal repair.

Conclusion/Clinical Relevance:

Magnesium could be used for in situ meniscal repair due to the potential capacity of magnesium to recruit endogenous stem cells and promote synthesis of fibrocartilaginous matrix.
Smaller Change in Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Is Associated With Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Among Younger Patients
Authors: McPherson April L. , Feller Julian A. , Hewett Timothy E. , Webster Kate E.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Lower psychological readiness to return to sport has been reported for younger patients (≤20 years) who go on to a second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, changes in psychological readiness and specific psychological responses associated with second injury have not been identified.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To identify changes in psychological readiness over time associated with a second ACL injury. It was hypothesized that younger patients who suffered a second injury would have smaller changes in psychological readiness to return to sport when compared with those who did not have a second injury.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Patients ≤20 years old at the time of surgery who had a primary ACL reconstruction procedure between June 2014 and June 2016 were recruited for this study. The short version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) scale was completed by patients before their ACL reconstruction and repeated at 12 months after surgery to assess psychological readiness to return to sport. The primary outcome of interest was the relationship between the change in psychological readiness and second ACL injuries.

Results:

Among 115 young patients who returned to sport after ACL reconstruction, 21 (18%) experienced a second ACL injury. Injured patients did not show improvement in their ACL-RSI score between the preoperative assessment and 12-month time point (58.5 vs 60.8 points, P = .60) and had a significantly smaller change when compared with noninjured patients (9.2 vs 24.9 points, P = .01). When compared with the noninjured group, the injured group reported they were more nervous about playing sport, less confident in playing sport without concern for the knee, more frustrated with having to consider the knee with respect to sport, and more fearful of reinjuring the knee by playing sport ( P≤ .05).

Conclusion:

Injured patients exhibited less improvement in psychological readiness at a group level and reported different psychological characteristics with regard to return to sport at 12 months after ACL reconstruction as monitored by the ACL-RSI scale.
Coper Classification Early After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Changes With Progressive Neuromuscular and Strength Training and Is Associated With 2-Year Success: The Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study
Authors: Thoma Louise M. , Grindem Hege , Logerstedt David , Axe Michael , Engebretsen Lars , Risberg May Arna , Snyder-Mackler Lynn
Published: February 2019

Background:

Some athletes demonstrate excellent dynamic stability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and return to sport without ACL reconstruction (ACLR) (copers). Others demonstrate persistent instability despite rehabilitation (noncopers) and require surgical stabilization. Testing to determine coper classification can identify potential copers early after rupture. It is unclear how coper classification changes after a brief intervention and how early classification relates to long-term outcomes.

Purpose:

(1) To evaluate the consistency of early coper classification (potential coper vs noncoper) before and after progressive neuromuscular and strength training (NMST) among athletes early after acute ACL rupture and (2) to evaluate the association of early coper classification with 2-year success after ACL rupture.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

This was a prospective analysis from the Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study, composed of athletes consecutively enrolled early after ACL rupture. Participants (n = 271) were tested and classified as potential copers or noncopers according to established criteria before and after a 10-session NMST program. Success 2 years after ACLR or nonoperative rehabilitation was defined as meeting or exceeding sex- and age-matched norms for knee function, no ACL graft rupture, and ≤1 episode of giving way within the previous year. The McNemar test evaluated changes in coper classification pre- to posttraining. Logistic regression adjusted for baseline characteristics was used to evaluate the association of early coper classification and surgical status with 2-year success.

Results:

Of 300 athletes enrolled, 271 (90%) completed the posttraining data collection, and 219 (73%) returned for the 2-year follow-up. The coper classifications were different between time points: nearly half of those classified initially as noncopers became potential copers ( P < .001). At the 2-year follow-up, 66% of the ACLR group and 74% of the nonoperative group were successful. Athletes who were potential copers posttraining and chose ACLR or nonoperative rehabilitation had 2.7 (95% CI, 1.3-5.6) and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.2-7.2) times the odds of success, respectively, as compared with noncopers who chose ACLR.

Conclusion:

Coper classification improved after NMST; more athletes became potential copers. Athletes who were potential copers after NMST were more likely to succeed 2 years later regardless of whether they had surgery, strongly supporting the addition of NMST before ACLR. Persistent noncopers fared poorly, indicating that more intensive rehabilitation may be needed.
Environmental and economic evaluation of solar panel wastes recycling
Authors: Gönen Çağdaş , Kaplanoğlu Elif
Published: February 2019

Owing to rising population and increasing energy demand, renewable energy resources become the most convenient and promising solution. Hence, solar power plant investments and photovoltaic module numbers have risen sharply. Turkey is one of the tight followers of the energy trends, thanks to its rising energy demand and economic power. However, the consequences of the massive plant wastes importance in term of economically and environmentally have not been understood yet. Almost 70% of the modules are formed by glass and the rest accumulates economically valuable metal materials, which are silver, aluminium and copper. These three main materials are substantially important in the overall waste. Not only the economic value, but also the environmental impacts of the mining effluents to excavate these metals are causing emission problems. As a chain reaction, the higher energy demand triggers a search for new and renewable energy resources. This is why popularity of solar energy has increased. Solar energy can be absorbed and transformed through photovoltaic modules, which contain glass and three main metals. In order to respond for the production of modules, metals are fundamental. This need triggers the need of metals mining excavations and emissions. In this respect, in the near future, thanks to the rising investments on photovoltaic modules and the CO2 emissions coming from mining, the wastes of photovoltaic modules and the need of recycling will become more important. That is why, in this study it is aimed to present environmental benefits and economic recoveries of recycling photovoltaic module in Turkey.
Sibling rivalry, shipping innovation and litigation: Henry Burrell and the ‘Straightback Steamship’
Authors: Bellamy Martin
Published: February 2019

The Glasgow tramp shipping firm of Burrell & Son was well known for its ambitious approach to the trade. Henry Burrell (1866–1924), younger brother and junior partner in the firm, fell foul of his older brothers George and William and attempted to establish an independent business as a ship designer and shipowner. He developed an innovative new design of bulk carrier known as the straightback steamship. The Ben Earn of 1909 was not far removed from the bulkers that became dominant in post Second World War maritime trade. Henry Burrell created the prototype, but it took people with far greater capital and business skill to realize its true potential. This article provides a case study in the business of innovation in shipping in the early twentieth century. It demonstrates the tricky dynamics of sibling rivalry within a family business and offers an insight into the difficulties of establishing a successful business career with an underlying mental health problem. Burrell’s straightback steamship highlights how difficult it was, including potential and actual litigation, to put innovation in ship design into practice.
A review on research progress of machining technologies of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer and aramid fiber-reinforced polymer
Authors: Shi ZY , Cui P , Li X
Published: February 2019

Since the application of fiber-reinforced polymer continues to expand, the demands of product quality for secondary cutting process are becoming increasingly higher to ensure the accurate coordination, connection, and assembly. There are some defects such as tearing, burr, delamination, and thermal damage after secondary cutting process, which limit the further applications of the materials. It is urgent to carry out comprehensive research on the secondary processing technology. In this paper, the fiber-reinforced composites' category, characteristics, and their applications were first described. Then the cutting performances, the causes of machining defects, and machining mechanisms have been analyzed. Finally, different compound processing methods, their characteristics, and applications have been elaborated. The most common forms of compound processing method including combined machining of cutting and grinding, ultrasonic vibration–assisted machining, and low-temperature–assisted machining have been covered in this paper. Results show that the compound processing method is the most effective way for improving the second processing quality of fiber-reinforced polymer. More machining mechanisms and applications of compound processing method need further experimental research. The barriers and future in the fields of research on machining of fiber-reinforced composites have been analyzed in this paper.
Research and analysis of the wheeled vehicle load spectrum editing method based on short-time Fourier transform
Authors: Liu Zongkai , Peng Chuan , Yang Xiaoqiang
Published: February 2019

The measured uniaxial-head load spectrum in the road simulation test has a large number of useless small loads. When applying the measured load spectrum directly, it will take a lot of time. This paper designs a comprehensive road spectrum measurement system to collect data and proposes a method for editing the uniaxial-head acceleration load spectrum using short-time Fourier transform to speed up the reliability test process and reduce time costs. In this method, the time domain and frequency domain information of the signal is obtained by short-time Fourier transform. The concept of accumulated power spectral density is proposed to identify the reduced load data, and the relative fatigue damage is used as the pass criterion. The length of the edited spectrum is only 66% of the original spectrum through the above-mentioned editing method and retains the relative damage amount of 91%. Finally, through the analysis of time domain, frequency domain, and fatigue statistical parameters, it demonstrates that the short-time Fourier transform–based acceleration load spectrum edition method could achieve a similar fatigue damage to the original spectrum in a shorter time.
Economic and technical feasibility of a robotic autonomous system for train fluid servicing
Authors: Atherton Mark , Hill Stuart , Harrison David , Ajovalasit Marco
Published: February 2019

Rail traffic in passenger miles [in the UK] is projected to increase by 100% over the next 30 years, which presents a considerable challenge for the current infrastructure to perform the regular fluid servicing tasks. Developing robotic autonomous systems for train fluid servicing is a prospect for which no solutions currently exist. Therefore, the economic and technical feasibility of a robotic autonomous system to perform several key fluid servicing tasks on passenger train vehicles is investigated. The fluid servicing tasks chosen include those that to a significant degree are repetitive or hazardous for humans to perform, and therefore if performed by a robotic autonomous system will release service personnel to focus on more suitable tasks. The economic and technical cases presented strongly support the use of a robotic autonomous system for fluid servicing of trains. Generally available robotic autonomous system technology has reached a state of development capable of delivering what is required once reliable couplings and fluid hose technologies have been developed for this application. Overall, the findings are that fluid servicing capacity will at least double for around 15% of the cost of an equivalent manual servicing facility, which represents a substantially attractive business case. There will be modest technical challenges to be overcome that will add unknown cost elements such as modifications to vehicle fluid ports for robotic autonomous system compatibility and development of long power hoses.
Auto-landing guidance for unmanned aerial vehicle with engine flame-out
Authors: Kim Young-Sam , Tahk Min-Jea
Published: February 2019

Landing is the most dangerous phase of the entire flight phases. If the total loss of thrust occurs during flight, a powered aircraft converts to a glider, which can use kinetic and potential energy only. For this reason, a proper scheme is needed for safe landing in cases of the total loss of thrust. This paper presents three-dimensional unpowered auto-landing guidance based on trajectory generation, expanding the concept of the energy-to-range ratio. We develop the terminal velocity estimation method for a horizontal plane applied to three-dimensional space; this method is based on the previously suggested terminal velocity estimation method for a vertical plane. Then, we show trajectory generation for landing guidance combining vertical with horizontal waypoints. The proposed auto-landing guidance with trajectory generation is evaluated by numerical simulation.
Introduction: Board-level employee representation in Europe: State of play
Authors: Gold Michael , Waddington Jeremy
Published: February 2019

Legislation underpins board-level employee representation in 18 European Union member states and Norway, but its characteristics vary greatly, restricted in some countries to the state sector and dependent in others on various company-size thresholds. We explore these variations as well as the initiatives taken by the Commission to introduce a harmonized system across Europe. We review evidence on the influence of board-level employee representatives before examining countries without board-level employee representation. We outline the articles in this special issue and conclude that board-level employee representation remains attractive to those concerned with improving corporate accountability because it allows influence at an early stage over strategic corporate decisions.
German board-level employee representation in multinational companies: Patterns of transnational articulation
Authors: Rosenbohm Sophie , Haipeter Thomas
Published: February 2019

We investigate codetermination on German supervisory boards of multinational companies and pose two questions. First, under what conditions does board-level representation constitute a power resource for employee representatives? Second, how does board-level representation articulate with European Works Councils? We conclude that factors related to corporate structure – head office location, the level at which supervisory boards are established – play a decisive role in determining the power resources available to employee representatives. Articulation with European Works Councils depends on the adoption of a strategic approach whereby German employee representatives deploy the power resources derived from national codetermination rights at the transnational level, or use the mechanisms of transnational employee representation to compensate where such national power resources are lacking.
Board-level employee representation in the Visegrád countries
Authors: Zybała Andrzej
Published: February 2019

This article addresses the complexity of trade-union approaches to board-level employee representation in the Visegrád countries, and the barriers it faces in particular national settings. Trade unionists in these countries accept the relevance of such employee representation in theory, but their practical agenda covers other issues which they perceive as more important as they struggle to survive at many levels of activity, and face growing existential uncertainty and risk. Unions also lack capacity to overcome obstacles such as reluctance on the part of the political class and managerial hostility to board-level representation; they cannot exert influence on major policy decisions at national level. They are operating in a more and more difficult environment, reflecting not merely a declining membership base, but also the recent economic crisis that failed to change the economic policy paradigm in the Visegrád countries: policies there still rely on a neoliberal approach and hence are not conducive to labour participation. What can still be seen as the predominant model is the traditional one of the market economy in which rights of ownership reign supreme.
Creative Leadership Within the Cyber asset Market: An Interview With Dame Inga Beale
Authors: Mitra Amit , O’Regan Nicholas
Published: February 2019

This interview with Dame Inga Beale, one of the most distinguished corporate leaders in the United Kingdom, explores her ideas around creative leadership of Lloyd’s of London in the cyber asset market. Uniqueness of Beale’s approach stems from the deep-seated social purpose of insurance to support development of trust in a complex asset management cyberspace. Beale’s collaborative approach to dealing with risk in a digitally connected asset market is exclusive in its ethos. At a time when digital assets are threatened by cyberattacks and losses that are many times in magnitude in comparison with those of natural calamities, Beale’s innovative leadership is likely to fit in with a boundary-less online context. Beale’s enunciation of leadership aspirations for Lloyd’s has striking similarities with recent research on digital transformation of organizations and provides a practical articulation of collaborative trust building within the insurance market and beyond.
Acoustic Problems and Their Solutions in a Typical Open-Plan Bank Office
Authors: Shafiee Motlagh Masoud , Golmohammadi Rostam , Aliabadi Mohsen , Faradmal Javad , Ranjbar Akram
Published: February 2019

One of the principal aspects of environmental ergonomics in open-plan offices is the acoustic comfort. Human factors/ergonomics experts should be able to evaluate these spaces in terms of their acoustic condition and propose optimal interventions. We examined the acoustic conditions of a typical open-plan bank office. The acoustic condition of the bank was not desirable, and the inappropriate design of the workstation partitions was one of the major acoustic problems in the bank. We proposed a practical approach for designing an optimal acoustic plan for the workstations and prioritized functional schemes to improve the acoustic conditions of the bank.
Construction and Initial Validation of the Work Orientation Questionnaire
Authors: Willner Tirza , Lipshits-Braziler Yuliya , Gati Itamar
Published: February 2019

The goal of the present research was to develop a model of work meaning, consisting of five orientations: job (financial compensation), career (advancement and influence), calling (prosocial duty), social embeddedness (belongingness), and busyness (filling idle time with activities). Two versions of the Work Orientation Questionnaire (WOQ), which measures these five orientations, were developed—for young adults and for working adults. Study 1 describes the development of the WOQ and psychometric properties for young adults. Exploratory ( N = 200) and confirmatory ( N = 447) factor analyses supported a five-factor solution, and the five scales, which correspond to the five orientations, had adequate internal consistency reliabilities (median = .81). The divergent validity of the WOQ was supported, as shown by the negligible associations of the five orientations with the 12 scales of the Career Decision-Making Profiles questionnaire. In Study 2, the analyses of the responses of 506 employed adults also supported the five-dimensional structure, and four of the WOQ scales were associated with work satisfaction ( R 2 = .33). Implications for research and practice are discussed along with future research directions.
Angara interconnect makes GPU-based Desmos supercomputer an efficient tool for molecular dynamics calculations
Authors: Stegailov Vladimir , Dlinnova Ekaterina , Ismagilov Timur , Khalilov Mikhail , Kondratyuk Nikolay , Makagon Dmitry , Semenov Alexander , Simonov Alexei , Smirnov Grigory , Timofeev Alexey
Published: February 2019

In this article, we describe the Desmos supercomputer that consists of 32 hybrid nodes connected by a low-latency high-bandwidth Angara interconnect with torus topology. This supercomputer is aimed at cost-effective classical molecular dynamics calculations. Desmos serves as a test bed for the Angara interconnect that supports 3-D and 4-D torus network topologies and verifies its ability to unite massively parallel programming systems speeding-up effectively message-passing interface (MPI)-based applications. We describe the Angara interconnect presenting typical MPI benchmarks. Desmos benchmarks results for GROMACS, LAMMPS, VASP and CP2K are compared with the data for other high-performance computing (HPC) systems. Also, we consider the job scheduling statistics for several months of Desmos deployment.
Trans-iris fixation of dislocated in-the-bag intraocular lenses
Authors: Faramarzi Amir , Feizi Sepehr , Yazdani Shahin
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

The aim of this article is to describe the safety and efficacy of trans-iris suture fixation for the management of late dislocation of in-the-capsular-bag intraocular lenses following uncomplicated cataract surgery.

Patients and methods:

Eleven eyes of 11 patients with late in-the-capsular-bag intraocular lens dislocation following uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery were recruited in the study. The dislocated intraocular lens–capsular bag complex was sutured to the iris at two points 180° apart using 9-0 polypropylene sutures on long needles.

Results:

Mean patient age was 67 ± 6 years. Seven eyes had pseudoexfoliation syndrome, one eye had Marfan syndrome, and another eye had a traumatic cataract; no risk factor was identified for intraocular lens dislocation in two eyes. A capsular tension ring had been implanted during cataract surgery in four eyes. In six eyes, the posterior chamber intraocular lenses were one-piece foldable while the remaining were three-piece intraocular lenses. Compared to the preoperative value, corrected distance visual acuity was significantly improved postoperatively ( p < 0.005). Intraoperative hyphema occurred in two eyes. Pupil ovalization was observed in all eyes. Mean endothelial cell count decreased by 4 ± 1.7% after intraocular lens fixation. The capsular bag–intraocular lens complex was stable and well-centered in the pupillary area in all eyes at the final follow-up examination which was performed 16 ± 4 months postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Trans-iris fixation is a simple and effective procedure for management of late intraocular lenses–capsular bag complex dislocation, without major complications.
Geopolitical risk and tourism demand in emerging economies
Authors: Balli Faruk , Uddin Gazi Salah , Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain
Published: February 2019

In this article, we investigate the impact of geopolitical risk (GPR) on international tourism demand in emerging economies. We have found that impact of GPR is not homogeneous for every country in our sample; for example, some countries are affected heavily by GPR and others are mostly immune to GPR shocks. In general, for countries that have attractive tourism destinations, the impact of GPR is minimal, indicating that if international tourists desperately want to go a destination, they do not take GPR seriously. In addition, the tsunami impact of GPR is not the same for all affected countries. For some countries, the GPR shocks have an impact within 2 to 3 months of its ‘first hit’, while for other countries, the impact is felt over longer periods.
Navigating the unknown: A content analysis of the unique challenges faced by adults with rare diseases
Authors: Bryson Brooke , Bogart Kathleen , Atwood Makenzie , Fraser Kelly , Locke Taylor , Pugh Kiley , Zerrouk Mohamed
Published: February 2019

Living with a rare disease can present unique challenges not shared by individuals with common diseases. A content analysis explored which challenges, in participants’ own words, are most prevalent across a sample of individuals ( n = 1157) with diverse rare diseases in the United States. Symptoms, activity limitations, treatments, uncertainty, and companionship support were mentioned most. Differences across the most frequently mentioned codes were found among disease types, gender, income, years since diagnosis, and symptom duration. Results suggest a need for improved medical care to reduce activity limitations, increased awareness, social support, and access to information for people with rare diseases.
Landscape and well-being: A conceptual framework and an example
Authors: Yuill Chris , Mueller-Hirth Natascha , Song Tung Nguyen , Thi Kim Dung Nguyen , Tram Pham Thi , Mabon Leslie
Published: February 2019

This article explores why landscape is a crucial element in researching the relationship between environment and well-being. The main point we make is that human social agents are embedded in particular landscapes, and it is in landscapes that environmental changes are experienced, which can have implications for well-being. We draw from a variety of perspectives on landscape that understands a fundamental creative relation between humans and landscape and recent developments in neo-materialism theorising. Landscape is understood here as an assemblage of different forms of matter, animate and inanimate objects, as well as symbolic and cultural processes. A case study is also presented to indicate how landscape can be studied in relation to environment and change. Using the conceptual ideas laid out in the first section of the article, we analyse landscape, environment and well-being in Xuan Thuy National Park in North Vietnam. The area is part of a precarious coastal region where extreme weather events have impacted on the well-being of both humans and other matter. This article concludes with suggestions on the use of this landscape approach in researching environment and well-being.
Fears and fantasies: German sexual science and its research on African sexualities, 1890–1930
Authors: Schrader Paul
Published: February 2019

German sexology at the turn of the 20th century extensively studied sexual practices in sub-Saharan Africa. Several scientists advocated the establishment of a new ‘sexual anthropology’ with Africa as its focus. By using historical discourse analysis as a methodological basis, this article seeks to reconstruct the development of this scientific discourse during the period from approximately 1890 to 1930 and to examine its main protagonists and further implications. As I will argue, the constant reference to sexual practices and gender relations of African societies not only contributed to a discourse which portrayed African societies as highly sexualized but also played a key role in the process of naturalization of sexuality during the named period of time.
Queer generations: Theorizing a concept
Authors: Marshall Daniel , Aggleton Peter , Cover Rob , Rasmussen Mary Lou , Hegarty Benjamin
Published: February 2019

This article reflects on the concept of ‘queer generations’ as developed in the context of an ongoing study about belonging and sexual citizenship among two social generations of gender and sexual minority youth in Australia. We define the concepts ‘queer’ and ‘generations’ in the context of recent theoretical interest in temporality in childhood and youth studies in an attempt to think differently about gender and sexual difference. The main theoretical tension that lies at the heart of this article is how to take seriously the shared experience of growing up LGBT without insisting on a uniform narrative that is inherent to it. Drawing on an archival fragment from an HIV campaign produced in Australia and distributed in the 1990s and targeted at young gay and bisexual men, we consider the shifting conditions through which visibility has featured as a key problem for the deployment of sexual citizenship. This archival fragment is valuable because of the way that it problematizes the in/out, visible/invisible, gay/straight binaries that have dogged attempts to grapple with the at once individual and collective experience of growing up LGBT. The concept of ‘queer generations’ suggests critical insights into the limits and affordances of the production of generations as containers for generalized experience.
How Well Planned Urgency Class Come True in The Emergency Surgery? Timing of Acute Care Surgery
Authors: Koivukangas V. , Saarela A. , Meriläinen S. , Wiik H.
Published: February 2019

Background and Aims:

Emergency surgery represents an essential aspect of surgical care, but little is known about realization of the planned emergency class. Different systems such as NCEPOD classification and Timing of Acute Care Surgery classification have been developed for the timing of the emergency surgery. The aim of the study was to find out how well planned urgency class is being implemented.

Materials and Methods:

The planned and realized waiting times for all emergency surgeries were studied during the 6-month period in the Oulu University Hospital. The catchment area of the hospital includes a population of 742,000. The urgency in the hospital is planned in a four-step scale: an extremely urgent (E) patient should be taken immediately to the operating theater. Class I urgency surgery should start within 3 h (180 min), class II within 8 h (480 min), and class III within 24 h (1440 min). Surgeon plans urgency at his discretion, and no specific urgency has been imposed on certain diagnoses thus the surgeon’s perceptions of the illness or trauma affects the assessment.

Results:

Extreme urgent patients had an average waiting time of 26 min. For class I patient, the average waiting time was 59 min, while 93% of surgeries were started within the target time. For class II and class III patients, these figures were 337 min and 86% and 830 min and 78%, respectively.

Conclusion:

With regard to urgency, the higher the degree of urgency, the greater the chance of the surgery being realized within the planned time.
The use of experts in journalistic accounts of media events: A comparative study of the 2005 London Bombings in British, American, and Russian newspapers
Authors: Venger Olesya
Published: February 2019

Drawing on previous research about journalistic news sources, this study explores the use of experts and other sources in coverage of the London suicide bombings (7 July 2005) in British, American, and Russian newspapers. Using content analysis of news reports of these attacks, it assesses the differential usage of information sources across newspapers published in countries with different media systems. The comparative analyses indicate that the use of government officials, non-government experts, and other journalistic sources in this context varies both between and within nations’ media systems. However, despite their media systems-related differences, ideological orientation, and source utilization, the cross-national newspaper coverage of the London bombings often reflected similar themes and a common dialogue that affirmed each nation’s shared mourning and condemnation of the bombings.
Ethnographic spectres: Representing the recent past of sexual liberation
Authors: Jackman Michael Connors
Published: February 2019

Temporality is central to how researchers conceptualize their research and to how they produce ethnography. Drawing from research on memory and commemoration in connection with The Body Politic, the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, this article examines the uses and limits of ethnographic writing as a mode of critique in contexts where the boundary between research participants and academic audiences can be unclear. The struggle over audience reveals some of the ethical limits and conventions of ethnography, both as method and genre, as well as the ways in which struggles over historical records inform the content and scope of ethnographic records.
Pro-environmental behaviour of hotel guests: Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and social norms to towel reuse
Authors: Budovska Veronika , Torres Delgado Antonio , Øgaard Torvald
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a scenario-based experimental study carried out to examine the pro-environmental behaviour of hotel guests. Using data from surveys of 438 respondents, we tested Ajzens’ Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to explain the decision-making process and the influence of social normative interventions on intention formation regarding towel reuse. Based on theoretical support, a refined TPB model was created, incorporating past behaviour construct. The results revealed that behavioural intentions did not statistically differ between four groups of customers who were exposed to four types of messages: injunctive, descriptive, combined normative and the standard hotel message. Structural equation analysis disclosed that attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control positively affected hotel guests’ intention to reuse a towel. Further investigation indicated direct and indirect effects of past behaviour on core TPB variables while a refined model showed a better fit to the data and greater predictive power than the original TPB.
Do interventions that include education on dementia progression improve knowledge, mental health and burden of family carers? A systematic review
Authors: Moore Kirsten J , Lee Cheuk Yan , Sampson Elizabeth L , Candy Bridget
Published: February 2019

Background and aim

The European Association of Palliative Care recommends that family carers need education on the progression of dementia. This systematic review aimed to explore whether interventions incorporating education regarding the progressive nature of dementia increased carers’ understanding of dementia and improved mental health and burden.

Method

MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched to April 2018. Randomised controlled trials with samples of family carers of someone with dementia were eligible. Included interventions involved a component aimed to increase the carer’s understanding of the progression of dementia. Outcomes of interest included: knowledge of dementia, depression, burden and pre-death grief.

Results

Searches identified 3221 unique citations of which 11 studies were eligible for review. Interventions ranged from 4 to 16 sessions of which 1 to 3 sessions focused on the progression of dementia. Knowledge: Two studies evaluated carers’ knowledge of dementia. One found no difference between the trial arms immediately after the intervention or three months later. The second found a significant intervention effect at the end of the intervention but not at three-month follow-up. Depression: Seven studies evaluated intervention effects on depression. Meta-analysis of three trials showed significant differences in mean follow-up scores favouring intervention over control. The remaining four studies did not show differences in depression between intervention and control groups. Burden: Nine studies evaluated burden and were examined in two meta-analyses (mean scores at follow-up and mean change scores from baseline to follow-up), neither of which found a benefit for intervention over control. Using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation system, we judged the quality of evidence to be very low for depression and low for burden, knowledge and pre-death grief, reducing our confidence in any of the effect estimates.

Conclusion

The evidence was not sufficient to support or refute the effectiveness of education on progression of dementia on carers’ knowledge and mental health.
Social Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life: A Recreation Setting Analysis
Authors: Omodior Oghenekaro , Ramos William D.
Published: February 2019

Objective. To determine if significant differences between park users and non–park users are associated with scores on a composite health-related quality of life (HRQoL) index. Methods. Data for this study were collected based on random intercept of a cross section of eligible Monroe County, Indiana, residents at four selected public recreational parks, as well as nonpark locations from July to December 2017. Based on data collected using validated survey items, we created a composite HRQoL index. Statistical analysis included independent-samples t test, chi-square cross-tabulation, bivariate regression, and multivariate regression. Results. Frequent park users were significantly different from nonfrequent park users in various respects. The most leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) experiences of frequent park users occurred at a park location. Body mass index and park-based LTPA were significantly positively associated with HRQoL scores in a linear regression model. Conclusion. Frequent park use was shown to be positively associated with increased park-based LTPA and HRQoL. It is therefore possible that increasing park visitation will result in more members of a community who report experiencing their LTPA at a park location. Study outcomes lend support to the validity of a composite HRQoL index for population health assessments.
A Framework for Effective Promotion of a Medicaid Tobacco Cessation Benefit
Authors: Williams Rhonda K. , Brookes Rebecca L. , Singer Erin R.
Published: February 2019

Tobacco burden is significantly greater among those insured by Medicaid, with a smoking prevalence about twice as high as the national average (28% vs. 15%). Over the past decade, smoking prevalence among those insured by Medicaid has remained relatively unchanged while overall smoking prevalence in the United States and among other insurance groups decreased. This indicates need for targeting tobacco control strategies to those insured by Medicaid. In response, the Vermont Tobacco Control Program (VTCP) set out to implement best practice by making its Medicaid cessation benefit more comprehensive and raising awareness and use of the benefit to support members in quitting. The VTCP collaborated with its Medicaid and health department leadership to implement this initiative, learning and adapting processes along the way. The VTCP identified a framework and considerations for programs implementing best practice to expand access and utilization of cessation supports. Elements of success include collaboration, data sharing, and promotion. As a result, the VTCP created an infrastructure that increases access, awareness, and use of cessation supports among Medicaid members and providers. Between 2013 and 2017, the quit ratio among Vermont Medicaid members increased from 8% to 13% and the smoking rate decreased from 36% to 31%.