bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A global daily evapotranspiration deficit index dataset for quantifying drought severity from 1979 to 2022
Authors: Zhang Xia , Duan Jianping , Cherubini Francesco , Ma Zhuguo
Published: November 2023

Droughts cause multiple ecological and social damages. Drought indices are key tools to quantify drought severity, but they are mainly limited to timescales of monthly or longer. However, shorter-timescale (e.g., daily) drought indices enable more accurate identification of drought characteristics (e.g., onset and cessation time) and help timely potential mitigation of adverse effects. Here, we propose a dataset of a daily drought index named daily evapotranspiration deficit index (DEDI), which is produced for global land areas from 1979 to 2022 using actual and potential evapotranspiration data. Validation efforts show that the DEDI dataset can well identify dry and wet variations in terms of spatial patterns and temporal evolutions when compared with other available drought indices on a daily scale. The dataset also has the capability to capture recent drying trends and to detect ecology- or agriculture-related droughts. Overall, the DEDI dataset is a step forward in facilitating drought monitoring and early warning at higher temporal resolution than other compared existing products.
The influence of musical parameters and subjective musical ratings on perceptions of culture
Authors: Treider John Melvin , Kunst Jonas R. , Vuoskoski Jonna K.
Published: November 2023

Recent research suggests that music can affect evaluations of other groups and cultures. However, little is known about the objective and subjective musical parameters that influence these evaluations. We aimed to fill this gap through two studies. Study 1 collected responses from 52 American participants who listened to 30 folk-song melodies from different parts of the world. Linear mixed-effects models tested the influence of objective and subjective musical parameters of these melodies on evaluations of the cultures from which they originated. Musical parameters consistently predicted cultural evaluations. The most prominent musical parameter was musical velocity, a measure of number of pitch onsets, predicting more cultural warmth, competence and evolvedness and less cultural threat. Next, with a sample of 212 American participants, Study 2 used a within-subjects experiment to alter the tempo and dissonance for a subset of six melody excerpts from Study 1, testing for causal effects. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that both dissonance and slow tempo predicted more negative cultural evaluations. Together, both studies demonstrate how musical parameters can influence cultural perceptions. Avenues for future research are discussed.
High specificity THz metamaterial-based biosensor for label-free transcription factor detection in melanoma diagnostics
Authors: Richter Merle , Loth Yannik , Wigger Anna Katharina , Nordhoff Daniela , Rachinger Nicole , Weisenstein Christian , Bosserhoff Anja Katrin , Bolívar Peter Haring
Published: November 2023

In this work, we present a promising diagnostic tool for melanoma diagnosis. With the proposed terahertz biosensor, it was possible to selectively and sensitively detect the early growth response protein 2, a transcription factor with an increased activity in melanoma cells, from a complex sample of cellular proteins. Fundamentally, the sensor belongs to the frequency selective surface type metamaterials and consists of a two-dimensional array of asymmetrically, doubly split ring resonator unit cells. The single elements are slits in a metallic layer and are complemented by an undercut etch. This allows a selective functionalization of the active area of the sensor and increases the sensitivity towards the target analyte. Hereby, specific detection of a defined transcription factor is feasible.
Single-neuron mechanical perturbation evokes calcium plateaus that excite and modulate the network
Authors: Cepkenovic Bogdana , Friedland Florian , Noetzel Erik , Maybeck Vanessa , Offenhäusser Andreas
Published: November 2023

Mechanical stimulation is a promising means to non-invasively excite and modulate neuronal networks with a high spatial resolution. Despite the thorough characterization of the initiation mechanism, whether or how mechanical responses disperse into non-target areas remains to be discovered. Our in vitro study demonstrates that a single-neuron deformation evokes responses that propagate to about a third of the untouched neighbors. The responses develop via calcium influx through mechanosensitive channels and regeneratively propagate through the neuronal ensemble via gap junctions. Although independent of action potentials and synapses, mechanical responses reliably evoke membrane depolarizations capable of inducing action potentials both in the target and neighbors. Finally, we show that mechanical stimulation transiently potentiates the responding assembly for further inputs, as both gain and excitability are transiently increased exclusively in neurons that respond to a neighbor’s mechanical stimulation. The findings indicate a biological component affecting the spatial resolution of mechanostimulation and point to a cross-talk in broad-network mechanical stimulations. Since giga-seal formation in patch-clamp produces a similar mechanical stimulus on the neuron, our findings inform which neuroscientific questions could be reliably tackled with patch-clamp and what recovery post-gigaseal formation is necessary.
Application of ArcGIS 3D modeling technology in the study of land use policy decision making in China
Authors: Cong Pengfei , Zhang Dongming , Yi Mingxuan
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a land use management information system based on ArcGIS 3D modeling technology is constructed to process land use policy decisions through ArcSDE spatial data engine and Oracle relational database to realize a land use planning management information system. Using genetic algorithm in order to use for regional land use optimization allocation, the introduction of multi-intelligent body system in this algorithm will be able to enhance the optimization search ability of the algorithm and make the genetic algorithm to obtain land use planning supported. The behavior of the main body of the integrated land use planning decision maker will guide the development of the quantitative structure of land use in terms of spatial layout toward sustainability. The experimental results prove that the target is better than the other three types of scenarios under the integrated benefit model, then it is reduced by 18.67%, 15.98% and 16.61%, and the number of spatially contiguous areas is increased by 9.4%, 13.8% and 0.8%, respectively. The proposed model can reasonably configure the regional land use quantitative results and spatial layout, and coordinate the needs of different land use decision makers.
Semi-continuous dielectrophoretic separation at high throughput using printed circuit boards
Authors: Giesler Jasper , Weirauch Laura , Pesch Georg R. , Baune Michael , Thöming Jorg
Published: November 2023

Particle separation is an essential part of many processes. One mechanism to separate particles according to size, shape, or material properties is dielectrophoresis (DEP). DEP arises when a polarizable particle is immersed in an inhomogeneous electric field. DEP can attract microparticles toward the local field maxima or repulse them from these locations. In biotechnology and microfluidic devices, this is a well-described and established method to separate (bio-)particles. Increasing the throughput of DEP separators while maintaining their selectivity is a field of current research. In this study, we investigate two approaches to increase the overall throughput of an electrode-based DEP separator that uses selective trapping of particles. We studied how particle concentration affects the separation process by using two differently-sized graphite particles. We showed that concentrations up to 800 mg/L can be processed without decreasing the collection rate depending on the particle size. As a second approach to increase the throughput, parallelization in combination with two four-way valves, relays, and stepper motors was presented and successfully tested to continuously separate conducting from non-conducting particles. By demonstrating possible concentrations and enabling a semi-continuous process, this study brings the low-cost DEP setup based on printed circuit boards one step closer to real-world applications. The principle for semi-continuous processing is also applicable for other DEP devices that use trapping DEP.
Efficacy of different multi-layer hermetic bags on the seed quality of the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in outdoor storage condition
Authors: Elsawy Hayam I. A. , El-Kholy Mohamed M. , Mohamed Amany M. , Kamel Reham M.
Published: November 2023

Faba bean seeds' sustainability correlates with the initial quality of cultivated seeds. The duration of storage is a significant factor that can affect the quality retention of any crop seed. Additionally, the hermetic bags effectively influence the quality of crop seeds during the storage process. This study evaluated two faba bean cultivars, Nubaria 1 and Giza 716, after various storage periods of 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Seeds stored in 3 and 7-layer hermetic bags have shown significantly improved bulk temperature after 12, 18, and 24 months (neither more than ≈ 30 °C nor less than ≈ 15 °C). However, the relative humidity (RH%) increased significantly in both bags and cultivars throughout the storage periods, reaching 61, 59.77% and 59.53, 57.53% at the end of the storage period for Nubaria 1 and Giza 716 inside the 3 and 7-layer bags, respectively. The seeds' germination % decreased significantly (20%) after 24 months at the 3-layers compared with 13.12% at the 7-layer bags for Nubaria 1 with superior germination% of Giza 716 under the same conditions where the decrease in the percentage of germination reached 15.56% and 8.86% reduction for both 3 and 7 layers, respectively. The seedling vigor index exhibited the same trend of germination % with better results of the 7-layer bags for both cultivars. The moisture content (MC%) was substantially elevated by 1% at the end of the storage for both cultivars and bags. After 12 months, beans considerably increased color deterioration, with a loss of 43.16 and 53.60% for Giza 716 and Nubaria 1 stored in 3-layer bags, respectively; however, 7-layer bags were always better than 3-layer bags (with a loss of 32.56 and 45.56%). Furthermore, storage in 7-layer hermetic bags triggered a significant decrease (14.94%) in the total phenolic (TPC) after 24 months for Giza 716 without a substantial difference with Nubaria 1. Additionally, the simulation showed that after 18 months and 24 months of storage, the Nubaria 1 seeds packed in the 7-layer hermetic bags produced total tannins (TTC) 39.1% and 42.5%, respectively, more than those packed in the 3-layer hermetic bags. That TTC had a negative correlation with the testa's darkness. Taken together, the faba bean seeds could be stored for a long period in the 7-layer hermetic bags, preserving seed quality and expanding marketing prospects.
Research on the site selection of emergency medical facilities from the perspective of country parks
Authors: Wu Zheng , Li Shuai , Li Xiangxu , Tang Jiefang , Jiu Jiangtao , Wang Pengfei
Published: November 2023

Post-epidemic era, human society entered the stage of epidemic prevention and control normalized, emergency medical facilities are an important means of epidemic prevention and control, attention-needed can provide construction sites for emergency medical facilities. Disaster prevention and green space can provide construction sites for emergency medical facilities. In comparison, it was found that the site selection conditions of country parks and emergency medical facilities were more compatible. Based on the requirement of the latter's location, using the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process, through to the country park type, effective safety area, space fragmentation, distance away from the water, in the wind, away from the city center distance, hydrogeology, eight factors such as traffic is quantitative, construct the evaluation system of emergency medical facility location. Taking Nanjing as an example, the Nanjing city region within the scope of the 43 country parks comprehensive comparison. Results show that green hill forest park, the highest scores in addition to the traffic time factor, the remaining seven factor score the highest, the most balanced distribution, security, scalability, rehabilitation, convenience, pollution prevention, and evacuation. It can be preferred as the site selection and construction target of emergency medical facilities. Besides, the Youzishan Forest Park and Dongkeng Country Park comprehensive scores and each factor score is higher, can be used as emergency preplan alternative goals. The score results indicate that the evaluation method for severity exhibits higher levels of differentiation, significant validity, and highly consistent assignment of impact factor weights. In view of the different regional land, impact factor weights assignment can be adjusted adjust measures to local conditions, to effectively make use of the existing conditions, avoid adverse factors.
Hyperspectral screen-image-synthesis meter with scattering-noise suppression
Authors: Yu Yeh-Wei , Le Ming , Yang Tsung-Hsun , Chen Cheng-Hsien , Huang Pin-Duan , Wu Chi-Shou , Lin Che-Chu , Lee Tsung-Xian , Sun Ching-Cherng
Published: November 2023

The screen image synthesis (SIS) meter was originally proposed as a high-speed measurement tool, which fused the measured data from multiple sample-rotational angles to produce a whole-field measurement result. However, it suffered from stray light noise and lacked the capability of spectrum measurement. In this study, we propose an SIS system embedded with a snapshot hyperspectral technology, which was based on a dispersion image of the sparse sampling screen (SSS). When a photo was captured, it was transformed and calibrated to hyperspectral data at a specific sample-rotational angle. After the hyperspectral data in all sample-rotational angles were captured, an SIS image-fusion process was then applied to get the whole field hyperspectral data. By applying SSS to the SIS meter, we not only create a screen image synthesis hyperspectral meter but also effectively address the issue of stray-light noise. In the experiment, we analyze its correctness by comparing the hyperspectral value with a one-dimensional spectrum goniometer (ODSG). We also show the 2D color temperature coefficient distribution and compare it with the ODSG. Experimental results also demonstrate the feasibility in terms of both spectrum distribution meter and color coefficient temperature distribution meter.
Dielectric light-trapping nanostructure for enhanced light absorption in organic solar cells
Authors: Ju Seongcheol , Kim Hyeonwoo , Kwak Hojae , Kang Cheolhun , Jung Incheol , Oh Seunghyun , Lee Seung Gol , Kim Jeonghyun , Park Hui Joon , Lee Kyu-Tae
Published: November 2023

Dielectric scatterers where Mie resonances can be excited in both electric and magnetic modes have emerged as a promising candidate for efficient light trapping (LT) in thin-film solar cells. We present that light absorption in organic solar cells (OSCs) can be significantly enhanced by a front-sided incorporation of a core–shell nanostructure consisting of a high-refractive-index dielectric nanosphere array conformally coated with a low-refractive-index dielectric layer. Strong forward light scattering of the all-dielectric LT structure enables the absorption in an organic semiconductor to be remarkably boosted over a broad range of wavelengths, which is attributed to interference of a simultaneous excitation of the electric and magnetic dipole resonant modes. The OSC with the LT structure shows the short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 28.23 mA/cm2, which is 10% higher than that of a flat OSC. We also explore how the LT structure affects scattering cross-sections, spectral multipole resonances, and far-field radiation patterns. The approach described in this work could offer the possibility for the improvement of characteristic performances of various applications, such as other thin-film solar cells, photodiodes, light-emitting diodes, and absorbers.
Accurate personalized survival prediction for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
Authors: Kuan Li-Hao , Parnianpour Pedram , Kushol Rafsanjany , Kumar Neeraj , Anand Tanushka , Kalra Sanjay , Greiner Russell
Published: November 2023

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. Accurately predicting the survival time for ALS patients can help patients and clinicians to plan for future treatment and care. We describe the application of a machine-learned tool that incorporates clinical features and cortical thickness from brain magnetic resonance (MR) images to estimate the time until a composite respiratory failure event for ALS patients, and presents the prediction as individual survival distributions (ISDs). These ISDs provide the probability of survival (none of the respiratory failures) at multiple future time points, for each individual patient. Our learner considers several survival prediction models, and selects the best model to provide predictions. We evaluate our learned model using the mean absolute error margin (MAE-margin), a modified version of mean absolute error that handles data with censored outcomes. We show that our tool can provide helpful information for patients and clinicians in planning future treatment.
Depletion of tRNA CCA-adding enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to polyadenylation of transcripts and precursor tRNAs
Authors: Błaszczyk Ewelina , Płociński Przemysław , Lechowicz Ewelina , Brzostek Anna , Dziadek Bożena , Korycka-Machała Małgorzata , Słomka Marcin , Dziadek Jarosław
Published: November 2023

In reference to gene annotation, more than half of the tRNA species synthesized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis require the enzymatic addition of the cytosine-cytosine-adenine (CCA) tail, which is indispensable for amino acid charging and tRNA functionality. It makes the mycobacterial CCA-adding enzyme essential for survival of the bacterium and a potential target for novel pipelines in drug discovery avenues. Here, we described the rv3907c gene product, originally annotated as poly(A)polymerase (rv3907c, PcnA) as a functional CCA-adding enzyme (CCAMtb) essential for viability of M. tuberculosis. The depletion of the enzyme affected tRNAs maturation, inhibited bacilli growth, and resulted in abundant accumulation of polyadenylated RNAs. We determined the enzymatic activities displayed by the mycobacterial CCAMtb in vitro and studied the effects of inhibiting of its transcription in bacterial cells. We are the first to properly confirm the existence of RNA polyadenylation in mycobacteria, a previously controversial phenomenon, which we found promoted upon CCA-adding enzyme downexpression.
Effective connectivity in a duration selective cortico-cerebellar network
Authors: Protopapa Foteini , Kulashekhar Shrikanth , Hayashi Masamichi J. , Kanai Ryota , Bueti Domenica
Published: November 2023

How the human brain represents millisecond unit of time is far from clear. A recent neuroimaging study revealed the existence in the human premotor cortex of a topographic representation of time i.e., neuronal units selectively responsive to specific durations and topographically organized on the cortical surface. By using high resolution functional Magnetic Resonance Images here, we go beyond this previous work, showing duration preferences across a wide network of cortical and subcortical brain areas: from cerebellum to primary visual, parietal, premotor and prefrontal cortices. Most importantly, we identify the effective connectivity structure between these different brain areas and their duration selective neural units. The results highlight the role of the cerebellum as the network hub and that of medial premotor cortex as the final stage of duration recognition. Interestingly, when a specific duration is presented, only the communication strength between the units selective to that specific duration and to the neighboring durations is affected. These findings link for the first time, duration preferences within single brain region with connectivity dynamics between regions, suggesting a communication mode that is partially duration specific.
Road crossings change functional diversity and trait composition of stream-dwelling macroinvertebrate assemblages
Authors: Gál Blanka , Weiperth András , Farkas János , Schmera Dénes
Published: November 2023

Functional diversity is regarded as a key concept in understanding the link between ecosystem function and biodiversity, and is therefore widely investigated in relation to human-induced impacts. However, information on how the intersection of roads and streams (hereafter road crossings, representing a widespread habitat transformation in relation to human development), influences the functional diversity of stream-dwelling macroinvertebrates is still missing. The general aim of our study was to provide a comprehensible picture on the impacts of road crossing structures on multiple facets of the functional diversity of stream-dwelling macroinvertebrates. In addition, we also investigated changes in trait structure. Our research showed that road crossing structures had negative impacts on functional richness and dispersion; i.e., functional diversification. However, we found no significant impact on functional divergence and evenness components. We found a decrease in functional redundancy at road crossing structures. This indicates a reduced ability of the community to recover from disturbances. Finally, we found that road crossings drive stream habitat and hydrological changes in parallel with modification of the trait composition of stream-dwelling macroinvertebrate assemblages. All these results suggest that road crossings cause notable changes in the functional diversity of stream-dwelling macroinvertebrate assemblages.
An autoencoder-based snow drought index
Authors: Rasiya Koya Sinan , Kar Kanak Kanti , Srivastava Shivendra , Tadesse Tsegaye , Svoboda Mark , Roy Tirthankar
Published: November 2023

In several regions across the globe, snow has a significant impact on hydrology. The amounts of water that infiltrate the ground and flow as runoff are driven by the melting of snow. Therefore, it is crucial to study the magnitude and effect of snowmelt. Snow droughts, resulting from reduced snow storage, can drastically impact the water supplies in basins where snow predominates, such as in the western United States. Hence, it is important to detect the time and severity of snow droughts efficiently. We propose the Snow Drought Response Index or SnoDRI, a novel indicator that could be used to identify and quantify snow drought occurrences. Our index is calculated using cutting-edge ML algorithms from various snow-related variables. The self-supervised learning of an autoencoder is combined with mutual information in the model. In this study, we use Random Forests for feature extraction for SnoDRI and assess the importance of each variable. We use reanalysis data (NLDAS-2) from 1981 to 2021 for the Pacific United States to study the efficacy of the new snow drought index. We evaluate the index by confirming the coincidence of its interpretation and the actual snow drought incidents.
The relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depression
Authors: Li Mengge , Wang Jirui , Ma Peng , Sun Wenyan , Gong Huoliang , Gao Yuan
Published: November 2023

Guided by Beck’s cognitive model of depression, this study comprehensively explores the mechanisms linking harsh parenting, rumination, and victimization to the development of adolescent depression. A total of 5047 adolescents were assessed using the Harsh Parenting Scale, Rumination Scale, Olweus Bullying/Victimization Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory. The results indicated that harsh parenting positively influences adolescent depression. Moreover, rumination emerged as an important mediator between harsh parenting and adolescent depression, similar to victimization. Additionally, we found that both rumination and victimization act as chain mediators in the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. These findings demonstrate that harsh parenting impacts adolescent depression mediated by rumination and victimization. By shedding light on these mechanisms, this study improves our comprehension of how harsh parenting influences adolescent depression and offers valuable insights for designing interventions to alleviate depression in this population.
Wall thickness analysis method for judging the degree of lower extremity long bone healing
Authors: Li Ying , Yang Zhiwei , Tong Liangcheng , Yang Junsheng , Wang Jianling , Wen Yaoke
Published: November 2023

To evaluate the possibility of judging the degree of bone healing by wall thickness analysis provide reference for quantitative analysis of bone healing. Patients with lower limb fracture from April 2014 to October 2019 were recruited and divided into bone healing (group A), poor bone healing (group B), and nonunion (group C). Models were built in Mimics 20.0 with DICOM 3.0 data obtained from patient’s CT. Three-dimensional geometric models of unaffected limb and affected limb after simulated removal of internal fixation were established, corresponding to basic phase and simulated phase, respectively. Wall thickness analysis was performed to obtain median wall thickness after meshing. R2 (median wall thickness ratio), R4 (CT value ratio), and R5 (healing index ratio) were obtained by calculating the ratio of each value in simulated phase to that in basic phase. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the ability of Wall Thickness Analysis to indicate fracture healing. 112 CT scans of 79 patients were included in the study. The frequency of categorization in groups A, B, and C was 49, 37 and 26, respectively. The median R2 in groups A, B, and C was 0.91, 0.80, and 0.67, respectively (group A > group B > group C, all P < 0.05). The best cutoff point for R2 in predicting bone healing was 0.84, and predicting bone nonunion was 0.74. The Wall Thickness Analysis can be used to quantitatively evaluate fracture healing state, with median wall thickness ratio as a more intuitive and reliable judgment index.
Metastases and treatment-resistant lineages in patient-derived cancer cells of colorectal cancer
Authors: Fujino Shiki , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Ito Aya , Hayashi Rie , Yasui Masayoshi , Matsuda Chu , Ohue Masayuki , Horie Masafumi , Yachida Shinichi , Koseki Jun , Shimamura Teppei , Hata Tsuyoshi , Ogino Takayuki , Takahashi Hidekazu , Uemura Mamoru , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi
Published: November 2023

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play an important role in metastasis and recurrence. However, which cells comprise the complex tumor lineages in recurrence and are key in metastasis are unknown in colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC with high expression of POU5F1 has a poor prognosis with a high incidence of liver metastatic recurrence. We aim to reveal the key cells promoting metastasis and identify treatment-resistant lineages with established EGFP-expressing organoids in two-dimensional culture (2DOs) under the POU5F1 promotor. POU5F1-expressing cells are highly present in relapsed clinical patients’ blood as CTCs. Sorted POU5F1-expressing cells from 2DOs have cancer stem cell abilities and abundantly form liver metastases in vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing of 2DOs identifies heterogeneous populations derived from POU5F1-expressing cells and the Wnt signaling pathway is enriched in POU5F1-expressing cells. Characteristic high expression of CTLA4 is observed in POU5F1-expressing cells and immunocytochemistry confirms the co-expression of POU5F1 and CTLA4. Demethylation in some CpG islands at the transcriptional start sites of POU5F1 and CTLA4 is observed. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, XAV939, prevents the adhesion and survival of POU5F1-expressing cells in vitro. Early administration of XAV939 also completely inhibits liver metastasis induced by POU5F1-positive cells.
Formation of the eclogites of the Atbashi complex, Kyrgyzstan, in a subduction zone mélange diapir
Authors: Sang Miao , Tan Zhou , Xiao Wenjiao , Mao Qigui , Wang Hao , Li Rui , Qiao Qingqing
Published: November 2023

Much debate exists concerning mechanisms of crustal material transfer from subducting slab to overlying mantle. Formation of mélange rocks by physical mixing of slab components within subduction plate interface is predicted to transfer their compositional signal to source of arc magmas by ascending as diapirs from slab-top. Despite being supported conceptually and through modeling, existence of these diapirs in global subduction architecture remains inconclusive. Here we use petrological observations, thermometry and thermodynamic modeling, combined with geochemical constraints and compilation of massive existing data, to investigate eclogites from a deeply buried mélange “package” in Kyrgyz Tianshan, southern Altaids. We find that various slab components physically mixed to form eclogitic mélange rocks at threshold depth of the subarc (i.e., ≥85 km). Index mineralogical and Pressure-Temperature records indicate a thermal history with substantial heating after peak burial to condition crossing wet solidus. Such translation, toward hot corner of mantle wedge, is short-lived around several hundred thousand to few million years, serving as first tangible evidence substantiating mélange diapirs propagate and dynamically mix with overlying mantle. Contemporaneous Late Carboniferous flare-up of regional arc magmatism with mélange diapir melting signal also advocates that non-negligible process of mantle wedge hybridization by buoyant mélange materials, to transfer volatile, generate arc lavas and regulate terrestrial geochemical cycles, stands.
Multi-station deep learning on geodetic time series detects slow slip events in Cascadia
Authors: Costantino Giuseppe , Giffard-Roisin Sophie , Radiguet Mathilde , Dalla Mura Mauro , Marsan David , Socquet Anne
Published: November 2023

Slow slip events (SSEs) originate from a slow slippage on faults that lasts from a few days to years. A systematic and complete mapping of SSEs is key to characterizing the slip spectrum and understanding its link with coeval seismological signals. Yet, SSE catalogues are sparse and usually remain limited to the largest events, because the deformation transients are often concealed in the noise of the geodetic data. Here we present a multi-station deep learning SSE detector applied blindly to multiple raw (non-post-processed) geodetic time series. Its power lies in an ultra-realistic synthetic training set, and in the combination of convolutional and attention-based neural networks. Applied to real data in Cascadia over the period 2007–2022, it detects 78 SSEs, that compare well to existing independent benchmarks: 87.5% of previously catalogued SSEs are retrieved, each detection falling within a peak of tremor activity. Our method also provides useful proxies on the SSE duration and may help illuminate relationships between tremor chatter and the nucleation of the slow rupture. We find an average day-long time lag between the slow deformation and the tremor chatter both at a global- and local-temporal scale, suggesting that slow slip may drive the rupture of nearby small asperities.
The human right to climate adaptation
Authors: Bordner Autumn , Barnett Jon , Waters Elissa
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate that a right to climate change adaptation exists in a bundle of pre-existing human rights norms. This existing right provides clear principles to guide the implementation of climate adaptation in ways that are equitable and effective, obliging States to, inter alia, prioritise those whose rights are most at risk from climate change; maximise the adaptive capacity of individuals; preserve territory to protect the sovereign rights of peoples; and ensure that adaptation practices themselves do not harm human rights. Human rights law requires that these obligations be fulfilled without discrimination on any grounds, including economic judgements about the cost effectiveness of adaptation in small or remote countries or communities.
Rapamycin-based inhaled therapy for potential treatment of COPD-related inflammation: production and characterization of aerosolizable nano into micro (NiM) particles
Authors: Craparo Emanuela Fabiola , Cabibbo Marta , Scialabba Cinzia , Casula Luca , Lai Francesco , Cavallaro Gennara
Published: November 2023

Inhalable NiM particles made from hybrid mannosylated nanostructures are able to improve the stability of loaded rapamycin, provide controlled drug release in simulated pulmonary fluid, and actively target macrophage cells.
Versatile MXenes as electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ions and phenolic moiety-containing industrial chemicals: recent development and prospects
Authors: Manasa G. , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: November 2023

MXenes and their hybrid materials, with good physicochemical traits, have exhibited excellent performance across numerous applications.
Novel indolyl 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential anti-proliferative agents: in silico studies, synthesis, and biological evaluation
Authors: Ghobish Sarah A. , Mohamed Khaled O. , Farag Nahla , Farag Doaa B.
Published: November 2023

A new series of indolyl 1,2,4-triazole scaffolds was designed, synthesised, and biologically evaluated for their inhibitory activity against both CDK4 and CDK6.
Green imine synthesis from amines using transition metal and micellar catalysis
Authors: Park Luke H. , Leitao Erin M. , Weber Cameron C.
Published: November 2023

The direct synthesis of imines from amines using transition metal catalysis is surveyed alongside the use of micellar media. The potential for the future convergence of these approaches towards more sustainable imine synthesis is discussed.
Correlated translational motions in pseudo-rotaxane complexes controlled by a single chemical stimulus
Authors: Kotera Naoko , Montellano Pilar , Catalán Aldo C. , Carrasco-Ruiz Anayeli , Cervantes Ruy , Tiburcio Jorge
Published: November 2023

By locating ring-binding stations near the axle termini in a pseudo-rotaxane, a chemical stimulus can be used to affect threading and shuttling motions—with the ring remaining longer and shuttling faster when negatively charged end groups are settled.
Study on aging behavior of polyethylene glycol under three wavelengths of ultraviolet light irradiation
Authors: Shang Mingyu , Wei Yanfei , Zhou Herong , Wu Tao , Wang Ke , Chen Hongxiang , Fang Beisong , Zhao Yang
Published: November 2023

The evolution of PEG2000 from the surface to the interior during photoaging was elucidated, and the photochemical reactions were proposed to produce degradation products of PEG2000.
A synergistic investigation of azo-thiazole derivatives incorporating thiazole moieties: a comprehensive exploration of their synthesis, characterization, computational insights, solvatochromism, and multimodal biological activity assessment
Authors: Muhammed Aziz Dara , Hassan Sangar Ali , Amin Alla Ahmad M. , Abdullah Media Noori , Qurbani Karzan , Aziz Shujahadeen B.
Published: November 2023

In the present study, a novel series of azo-thiazole derivatives (3a–c) containing a thiazole moiety was successfully synthesized.
Switching nanoscale temperature fields with high-order plasmonic modes in transition metal nanorods
Authors: Setoura Kenji , Tamura Mamoru , Oshikiri Tomoya , Iida Takuya
Published: November 2023

Nanoscale temperature distributions can be dramatically switched by high-order plasmonic modes in transition metal nanorods.
Limiting voltage and capacity fade of lithium-rich, low cobalt Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Fe0.1Co0.03O2 by controlling the upper cut-off voltage
Authors: El Halya Nabil , Kerroumi Mohamed , Elmaataouy El Houcine , Amarray Amina , Aqil Mohamed , Alami Jones , Dahbi Mouad
Published: November 2023

A low cobalt Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Fe0.1Co0.03O2 cathode displays outstanding capacity retention and coulombic efficiency at 4.6 V upper cut-off voltage, along with excellent structural stability and voltage retention when compared to 4.8 V upper cut-off voltage.
Porosity-dependent photoelectrochemical activity of double-layered TiO2 thin films deposited by spin-coating method
Authors: Rustembekkyzy Kuralay , Zholdasbekov Amir , Abduvalov Alshyn , Kaikanov Marat , Atabaev Timur Sh.
Published: November 2023

The spin-coating method was used to create double-layered porous TiO2 films with high photoelectrochemical activity for potential use as a photoelectrode in fuel cells.
Riboflavin secreted by Shewanella sp. FDL-2 facilitates its reduction of Se(iv) and Te(iv) by promoting electron transfer
Authors: Cheng Manman , Zhang Haikun , Li Yan , Chen Wenhao
Published: November 2023

The biological reduction of selenite (Se(iv)) or tellurite (Te(iv)) to Se0 or Te0 has received increasing attention, as related studies have favored the development of Se/Te pollution control methods.
Efficient electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction of thermally optimized carbon black supported zeolitic imidazolate framework nanocrystals under low-temperature
Authors: Chen Jinyi , Guo Jian , Zhang Hong , Brett Dan J. L. , Gadipelli Srinivas
Published: November 2023

Co@CoOx nanoparticle decorated nitrogen-doped carbon derived from zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF-67)@Ketjenblack under mild thermolysis condition delivered impressive ORR activity (Eonset = ∼0.90 V; E1/2 = ∼0.83 V) in alkaline electrolyte.
Exploring finite-temperature electronic transport in CoSi alloys with transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni) using the KKR-CPA method
Authors: Nam Ho Ngoc , Phung Quan Manh , Suzuki Katsuhiro , Shinya Hikari , Masago Akira , Fukushima Tetsuya , Sato Kazunori
Published: November 2023

An effective combination of the KKR-CPA method and the Kubo–Greenwood formula allows quantitative reproduction of electrical resistivity of CoSi and its alloys with 3d transition metals.
Remanufacturing transparent conductive oxide electrodes using ultrafast on-demand laser fabrication
Authors: Nakajima Tomohiko , Nomoto Junichi , Kitanaka Yuuki , Yamaguchi Iwao
Published: November 2023

On-demand high-speed laser repair of ceramic thin films presents a new concept of in-process remanufacturing for a circular economy.
Cooperative advertising and coordination in a supply chain: the role of Nash bargaining fairness concerns
Authors: Du Xianjin , Jiang Shan , Tao Shaokun , Wang Shulei
Published: November 2023

This study constructs a game-theoretic model of cooperative advertising in a supply chain with Nash bargaining solutions as the fairness reference point. We use a square root response function to describe the saturation effect of advertising. We find that the retailer’s Nash bargaining fairness concerns (NBFC) improve the local advertising investment even more than the level of the centralized case. The effect of NBFC on the retailer’s profit is inverted U-shaped, rising first and then falling, and vice versa for the manufacturer. As the fairness-concerned coefficient increases from small to large, the efficiency of the supply chain changes from improvement to decline. Moreover, we find that a two-way subsidy mechanism in cooperative advertising still works on coordination although the retailer possesses NBFC. The study offers practical management insights into the operational strategies of supply chain members.
Black hole regions containing no trapped surfaces
Authors: Dotti Gustavo
Published: November 2023

A simple criterion is given to rule out the existence of closed trapped surfaces in large open regions inside black holes.
A five-level cold atomic system for the orbital angular momentum exchange based on a four-wave mixing setup
Authors: Ali E , Kamona S M Husein , Hussein T Kh , Abbas H A , Rasen F A , Alhassan M S , Hameed S M , Al-Saidi D N , Alawadi A , Alsalamy A
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we suggest a theoretical model for the exchange of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) state of laser fields in a real cold atomic system for realization in an experimental setup. By using four-wave mixing (FWM) processes, we study the spatial dependence of the new weak generated signal light under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions when one of the laser lights becomes an optical vortex. We discuss the spatial dependence of FWM processes via experimental parameters for different conditions of the OAM of vortex light. We have found that the intensity and phase distributions of the new generated light depends strongly on the OAM number of the optical vortex light. Moreover, we investigate the absorption spectrum of the new generated signal light for different OAM of the optical vortex light. Our obtained results may have potential applications in quantum information science.
Multipulse operation in Mamyshev oscillator: influence of external seed source
Authors: Nigam Anshuman , Gupta Pradeep K , Singh C P , Bhuvnesh  , Mukhopadhyay P K , Arya R , Dixit S K
Published: November 2023

We study the influence of an external seed source on the startup of a fiber Mamyshev oscillator (MO). Depending on the seed source parameters, while keeping MO parameters fixed, we observe diverse mode-locked operations from the MO, generating stable single, double, triple and even up to a group of seven pulses. The probability of the occurrence of such mode-locked operations is studied. There can be different operating regimes in a particular multipulse operation. We find that there is an optimum spectral width of the seed source for which the probability of generating mode-locked stable train of single pulses from a fiber MO is maximum. Further, we find that the power of the seed source has less influence on the mode-locking state of the fiber MO; however, the probability of single or double pulse operation is relatively higher than that of multipulse operation at higher power of the seed source. These experimental observations will enrich the database of multipulse patterns and help in understanding pulse dynamics in the fiber MO. Suitably chosen seed source parameters can generate the desired pulse pattern. Such tailored outputs could have prospective applications in laser micromachining and high bit rate data transfer in optical networks.
Access to stable, high pressure tokamak pedestals using local electron cyclotron current drive
Authors: Logan N.C. , Lyons B.C. , Knolker M. , Hu Q. , Cote T. , Snyder P.
Published: November 2023

Experiments on the DIII-D tokamak demonstrate that edge localized mode (ELM) stability can be manipulated using localized electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) in conjunction with resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). The injection of counter-plasma-current edge ECCD reduces the RMP amplitude required to suppress ELMs and bifurcates the pedestal into a high-confinement regime with 7 kPA pedestal pressure. This is the first time such a high confinement regime has been accessed through the bifurcation from the ballooning stability branch predicted by existing models. These observations are consistent with modeled ECCD manipulation of magnetic islands induced by the RMPs.
Design of High Performance Triangular Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensor using OptiSystem and OptiGrating Software
Authors: Naim Nani Fadzlina , Zulkifli Nur Ainie Tasnim Muhamad , Supian Latifah Sarah , Ya’acob Norsuzila , Yusof Azita Laily , Muhamad Wan Norsyafizan W. , Sarnin Suzi Seroja
Published: November 2023

This paper presents on the design of high performance triangular Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) as temperature sensor. This triangular FBG is designed and simulated using OptiGrating Software. The Triangular FBG design is exported to OptiSystem Software. In the OptiSystem software, the overall triangular FBG temperature sensor system is designed and simulated. It found that the triangular FBG has higher temperature sensitivity which is 37.5pm/°C than the standard FBG which is around 13pm/°C. It also has high linearity of 99.2% which specifies the consistency of wavelength shift as the temperature is increased. It also has higher resolution due to its sharp peak and smaller bandwidth.
ASE from polymer films embedded with silver nanowires
Authors: Altamimi Tamim Abdullah , Kamil Wan Maryam Wan Ahmad
Published: November 2023

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) were developed on glass substrate using polyol method at 160 °C. Centrifuge at 1500 rpm for different ratio of ethanol was done to extract the AgNWs. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was then applied at different thicknesses. Enhanced emission from R6G was observed when the concentrations used are at 40 µL and 20 µL. Overall results indicate promising potential for enhancing plasmon resonances in optical emission by utilising silver nanowires as scatterers and R6G as the gain medium.
Design and modelling of modulated cw laser generation in lidar application
Authors: Zainal D A , Ahmeed M M I , Supian L S
Published: November 2023

In this work, we designed a configuration that may be used for direct detection of light, detection and ranging sensing method based on generated continuous wave laser and characterized by range measurements. The generation of modulated laser distance is studied and analysed by several distances where modulation of laser signal is utilized. The modelling configuration consisted of transmission module that comprises of signal generator, modulator, and propagation module, object target, and receiver modules comprises of photodetector, amplifier, filter, and visualizers. The design and configuration were developed by Optisystem layout, and the study and analysis are done by simulation using the developed model. A subsystem of range measurement was designed to detect varied distances of detection of target object by the generated modulation of continuous wave laser at 10, 50, 100 and 200 meters respectively. The results discussed were based on the power received and frequency given by different detection ranges. Analysis shows that the detection scheme is sensitive to the received electromagnetic radiation and the signal is better at shorter haul based on the generated modulation of the continuous wave source and the signal deteriorated as target distance is increased.
Nucleation of recrystallization
Authors: Jensen D Juul , Zhang Y
Published: November 2023

This paper reviews the mechanisms of nucleation during recrystallization of cold deformed, single phase polycrystalline metals including metals with large particles. The classic nucleation theories and conceptions are shortly summarized, while the main focus is on our results from recent 3D studies of nucleation. The novel results are related to the classic nucleation ideas and agreement/disagreement as well as new suggestions are discussed. More specifically the paper covers recovery leading to intragranular nucleation, bulge nucleation (which is often referred to as strain induced boundary migration), and particle stimulated nucleation. Also, effects of clustered nucleation, crystallographic orientation relationships and residual stress are considered. Finally future studies are suggested, which we consider key to advancing the understanding of nucleation during recrystallization.