bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Islam in the Abolition of Slavery and in the Development of British Capitalism
Authors: Afroz Sultana
Published: March 2021

West Indian scholars have overlooked the role played by the Muslim leadership in West Africa in bringing an end to the transatlantic trade in Africans. The jihād movements in West Africa in the late eighteenth century gave political unity to West Africa challenging the collaboration of European trade in Africans with the pagan slave traders. West Indian historiography, while emphasizing European abolitionist movements, ignores the Islamic unity (tawhīd) of humankind, which brought together many ethnically heterogeneous enslaved African Muslims to successfully challenge the West Indian plantation system. The exploitation of the human resources and the immense wealth of the then Moghul India and Imperial China by British colonialism helped develop the British industrial capitalism, which controlled most of the world until the end of World War II. The security of the British industrial capitalist complex could no longer depend on the small-scale West Indian plantation economies but on the large-scale economies of Asia protected by the British imperial forces under the British imperial flag.
Islam, Sexuality, and the “War on Terror”
Authors: Rasheed Shaireen
Published: March 2021

This paper explores the reasons why, in the aftermath of 9/11, the interests of Muslim women and Muslim gays have become the civilizing mission in the “war on terror.” In critically examining how pervasive American and European notions of patriotism, liberalism, secularism, and freedom have been couched within the discourseof sexual rights, I explain why this new politics of belonging is inseparable from the new politics of exclusion. This shift has had consequences for progressive social movements. Whereas in social and cultural analysis nationalism has long been associated with male dominance, sexual control, and heteronormativity, certain articulations of feminism and lesbian/gay liberation are now intimately linked with the reinforcement of ethno-cultural boundaries within the western framework. A required allegiance to sexual liberties and rights has been employed as a technology of control and exclusion – what Joan Scott calls a “politics of sexclusion.” This paper elucidates how Muslim gays are joining Muslim women, whose “liberation,” as postcolonial feminists have long argued, has traditionally been used to justify imperialism. I conclude by discussing bodies as a site for the materialization of power and resistance, as related to Luce Irigaray’s notion of an “ethics of sexual difference,” in an attempt to provide the phenomenological conditions of an “alternative space” in which the Muslim as “other” can be heard. The critical role of such a methodology is not to restore a lost historical and obliterated native, but to let her emerge in her difference. This ontology studies the varying ontic meanings of a localized phenomenon, their constitution as different realities and objectivities (i.e., as entities, occurrences, processes, events, (and facts), to shift our focus from identifying the Muslim other to asking “How do we experience the Muslim other as ‘other’?”
Challenges to the Study of Islamic Education in African Universities
Authors: Kaba Amadu Jacky
Published: March 2021

This article examines the challenges to the study of Islamic education in African colleges and universities. I claim that such a study, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, is not a priority even though Muslims accounted for 44 percent of the continent’s population in 2009 and 22 of its nations have a Muslim population of 50 percent or more. I present four main factors responsible for this phenomenon: European colonization; the relatively small number of Arabic speakers in most African nations; the negative implications of connecting Islamic fundamentalism/al-Qaeda to Arabs and Islam; and the humiliation, abuse, and severe punishment experienced by Black Africans in Arab-majority societies.
The Historical and Political Backdrop to Islamic Studies in Kenya
Authors: Bakari Mohamed
Published: March 2021

This paper argues that the lack of serious attempts to incorporate Islamic studies in Kenya’s academic culture can best be understood by looking at the colonial and postcolonial policies toward university education there. The early missionary influence that shaped the nature of the indigenous educational system had a farreaching impact upon creating a culture of resistance among Muslims toward western education. In the postcolonial period, the new governments tried to create a level playing field for all of their citizens, regardless of religious orientation. But the colonial imapct had already left its mark on Muslims in terms of their visibility at the university level. The Kenyan government did not interfere in what academic programs should be prioritized at this level. But because Christians outnumbered Muslims in academia, their influence created a dearth of indigenous university-generated information and knowledge on Muslim institutions and society. This gap was left to foreign researchers to fill. As a result, Kenya has no indigenous Islamic intellectual culture. If this status quo does not change, Kenyan Muslims will remain vulnerable to foreign Islamist influences.
Is European Islam Experiencing an Ontological Revolution foe an Epistemological Awakening?
Authors: Hashas Mohammed
Published: March 2021

This paper argues that European Islam is experiencing an ontological revolution that revisits epistemological foundations in order to endorse some basic values of modernity.1 In addition to revisiting the classical ontological-epistemological bond that characterizes most Islamic scholarship in the context of multicultural liberal societies, it emphasizes the questions of ethics and spirituality. Such an endeavor is described here as “revisionist-reformist,” revisionist in the sense that it is broadly a continuity of a rationalist trend in Islamic thought, and reformist in the sense that it updates a number of values that have for centuries been narrowed down to revealed/prescribed laws. This reformist tendency allows European Islam to open new pathways outside what could be called “classical dichotomous thought,” which sees only antagonism between reason and faith, or between religion and politics. Religion, ethics, and reason are considered inseparable ontologically and complementary epistemologically; they are not seen as mutually contradictory or antagonistic.
Islam as a Platform for Politics
Authors: Belt David
Published: March 2021

Why, in the aftermath of 9/11, did a segment of the U.S. popular security experts, political elite, media, and other institutions classify not just al-Qaeda but Islam itself as a security threat, thereby countering the prevailing professional consensus and White House policy that maintained a distinction between terrorism and Islam?Why did this “politically incorrect” or counternarrative expand and degenerate into a scare over the country’s “Islamization” by its tiny Muslim population? Why is this security myth so convincing that legislators in two dozen states introduced bills to prevent the Shariah’s spread and a Republican presidential front-runner exclaimed:“I believe Shariah is a mortal threat to the survival of freedom in the United States and in the world as we know it”? This analysis offers a framework that conceptualizes popular discourses as highly interested fields of political struggle, deepens the prevailing characterization of this part of the U.S. popular discourse as “Islamophobia,” and analyzes how it has functioned politically at the domestic level. Specifically, it examines how a part of the conservative elite and institutions, political entrepreneurs already involved in the ongoing culture wars, seized upon Islam in the emotion-laden wake of 9/11 as another opportune site to advance their struggle against their domestic political opponents, “the Left,” and the more progressive societal institutions and culture in general.
O Jogo de Bolão em Clubes Teuto-Brasileiros (Décadas de 1860 a 1920)
Authors: Assmann Alice Beatriz , Silva Carolina Fernandes da , Mazo Janice Zarpellon
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo busca identificar as composições da prática do bolão em associações esportivas étnico-culturais teuto-brasileiras, realizando uma leitura do tempo demarcada entre as décadas de 1860 e 1920. Para tal, foram cotejados documentos impressos e imagens com as informações coletadas na revisão bibliográfica. Os primeiros indícios da prática do bolão (Kegeln) em Santa Cruz do Sul estão datados em 1866, quando foi construída uma cancha de bolão pela Schützengilde (Corporação de Atiradores) e foi fundado o Clube União. A prática do bolão foi incorporada pela Sociedade Ginástica de Santa Cruz do Sul, em 1916, no período da I Guerra Mundial. Diferentemente de outras práticas identificadas com os teuto-brasileiros, os torneios competitivos de bolão mantiveram-se apesar das intempéries decorridas com a I Guerra. Além de prática de lazer, jogo de bolão era utilizado como um meio de arrecadar recursos financeiros.
Avanços na Regulamentação da Política de Esporte e Lazer para as Pessoas com Deficiência
Authors: Oliveira Débora da Silva , Costa Luciana Assis
Published: March 2021

O estudo realizou a análise da regulamentação federal e municipal que tem orientado as políticas de esporte e lazer para as pessoas com deficiência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de documentos federais e municipais disponíveis eletronicamente. Analisou-se cinquenta e quatro legislações municipais e outras cinquenta e duas legislações federais e partes da Constituição Federal. Como critério de inclusão adotou-se a presença dos termos: acessibilidade, cultura, turismo, lazer, ócio, recreação, brinquedos, parques, desporto, esporte, pessoa com deficiência, inclusão e inclusão social. Os dados foram analisados seguindo os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram avanços nas legislações que dispõem sobre as politicas públicas de esportes e lazer para as pessoas com deficiência e sinalizam para a necessidade de detalhamento das atribuições e responsabilidades dos entes federados para a implementação da política.
Significados de um Projeto de Lazer para Mulheres Idosas
Authors: Carneiro Luciana Pereira de Moura , Nicolosi Raquel Marrafon , Silva Raquel Ribeiro de Souza
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com um grupo de 16 mulheres idosas do projeto Instituto Federal Aberto à Terceira Idade (IFATI), executado na Estância Turística de Avaré (São Paulo) durante o ano de 2019. O estudo, qualitativo e exploratório, teve como objetivo principal identificar as percepções das participantes quanto aos significados deste projeto de lazer em suas vidas. Para tanto, foram aplicadas entrevistas estruturadas e, em seguida, utilizada a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. A partir da revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e com a análise das respostas apresentadas, pode-se concluir que há uma satisfação generalizada em relação ao projeto devido aos impactos positivos em sua saúde física e mental bem como na interação social, o que contribui, em última instância, para a sensação de um envelhecer com mais qualidade de vida.
Estado da Arte Sobre o Mergulho Autônomo Reacreativo no Brasil
Authors: Abreu Telma Freitas de , Pereira Pâmela do Nascimento , Vale Priscila Amanda Ferreira
Published: March 2021

O mergulho autônomo recreativo é uma atividade de lazer realizada junto à natureza. Consiste em submergir, em água doce ou salgada, aberta ou confinada, usando o equipamento autônomo de respiração. A pesquisa analisou o que é discutido sobre o mergulho nas produções acadêmicas do País, por meio de um estado da arte nas principais plataformas de periódicos. Foram encontrados 12 textos. A aplicação manual do método de análise temática de conteúdo permitiu a compreensão de que o mergulho é uma atividade pouco estudada, sendo um fenômeno importante para ser compreendido pela perspectiva do lazer, uma vez que é bastante abordado pelas áreas do turismo e administração. É necessário maior aprofundamento na compreensão das relações que se estabelecem entre lazer, corpo e natureza na perspectiva do mergulho recreativo brasileiro.
A Culinária no Futebol
Authors: Rosas Gislaine Gomes Pereira , Mascarenhas Rubia Gisele Tramontin
Published: March 2021

A presente pesquisa visou contribuir para estudos no campo do turismo, com enfoque no turismo de futebol, realizando um levantamento sobre a alimentação servida em estádios. O estudo vem oferecer um levantamento de termos associados à alimentação, dos pratos servidos nos estádios de futebol de clubes da série A do campeonato brasileiro 2019 e se há casos de relação cultural entre os pratos oferecidos pelos clubes. Nortearam-se pelo método de pesquisa exploratória, de ferramentas como pesquisas bibliográficas, e questionário para coleta de dados. Aplicando a metodologia de emparelhamento, observou-se que já existe uma diversificação de escolas culinárias nos estádios, com isso vem a pluralidade de termos para se utilizar. Constatou-se ainda que a culinária servida pode apresentar referência típica da região. Diante desse panorama, assistir a um jogo em um estádio de futebol poderá ser uma ampla experiência a ser vivida.
Lazer e a Opção Decolonial
Authors: Maurício Joise Simas de Souza , Eugênio Jordânia de Oliveira , Paula Juliana Araujo de , Soares Khellen Cristina Pires Correia , Nunes Raquel Rocha
Published: March 2021

Atentas à necessidade de olhar o lazer a partir de uma perspectiva outra, assumimos a opção decolonial movidas por nossas experiências de pesquisa.  Apresentamos nesse ensaio argumentos conceituais do debate decolonial construídos na América Latina a partir de uma incursão teórica. Nosso olhar parte de estudos, concluídos e em andamento, com mulheres em situação de rua, mulheres negras, povos indígenas e sobre as manifestações culturais do Festejo do Tambor Mineiro e do Boi-Bumbá de Parintins. Essas experiências empíricas nos movem a um pensar outro que confronte as estruturas hegemônicas coloniais. A partir da discussão sobre temporalidade, cultura e educação dentro de uma perspectiva contra-hegemônica, buscamos construir pontes entre o campo de lazer e a decolonialidade. Assim, ressaltamos a necessidade de lançar um olhar a partir das práticas sociais, especificamente nossos contextos de pesquisa, e fazer ressoar vozes e perspectivas de mundo que operam com outras lógicas para nos orientar e fornecer contribuições na direção de um lazer decolonial ou ainda de uma possível construção decolonial do lazer.
Análise de uma Política Pública de Lazer a partir da Implementação e Gestão do Programa Academia a Céu Aberto da Cidade de Belo Horizonte/MG
Authors: Abade Natascha Stephanie Nunes , Pereira Brisa de Assis
Published: March 2021

A Academia a Céu Aberto é uma política pública que tem como objetivo implantar equipamentos de ginástica adaptados e sem peso em praças e parques da cidade de Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais (MG). O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar a implementação e gestão desse Programa com foco na estrutura normativa e organizacional. Como metodologia, foram realizadas pesquisas documentais e de campo a partir de uma entrevista semiestruturada com um técnico responsável pela sua gestão. Foi identificado que não há um projeto com as normas e diretrizes dessa política, sendo essa ação de lazer relacionada com uma prática simplista, atrelada a tudo que não é competitivo e condicionada à saúde. Além disso, a política não possui um monitoramento, o que pode interferir na sua gestão e continuidade. Por fim, estudos que relacionam a implementação de políticas públicas de lazer são recentes e contribuem para uma reflexão crítica sobre a temática.
EVALUASI ESTIMASI KOEFISIEN KEKASARAN PADA EKSPERIMEN MODEL FISIK
Authors: Maini Miskar , Legono Djoko , Laksitaningtyas Agatha Padma
Published: March 2021

Pengaliran air pada saluran terbuka sangat dipengaruhi pada bentuk permukaan saluran. Bentuk permukaan yang kasar akan memberikan kehilangan energi yang besar karena mempunyai nilai tahanan yang besar dan sebaliknya dengan bentuk permukaan yang halus kehilangan energi cukup kecil. Banyak peneliti yang telah melakukan eksperimen dengan model fisik terkait pengaruh koefisien kekasaran terhadap aliran. Semuanya menjelaskan resistensi dengan koefisien kekasaran tunggal, dan masalah utama adalah perbedaan koefisien kekasaran yang diprediksi dengan hasil pengukuran eksperimen pada model fisik tentu akan memberikan nilai koefisien kekasaran yang berbeda antara pengukuran dan estimasi, sehingga diperlukan analisa persentase tingkat kesalahan antara data pengukuran pada uji model fisik dengan data hasil estimasi khusus koefisien kekasaran. Studi ini dilakukan dengan metode uji statistik besarnya tingkat eror pada data koefisien kekasaran terukur di model fisik dengan analisa data koefisien kekasaran dari hasil pendekatan estimasi koefisien kekasaran dari literatur-literatur yang melakukan eksperimen dalam penggunaan elemen kekasaran dasar saluran di model fisik. Hasil analisis dari eksperimen koefisien kekasaran pada model fisik dengan hasil estimasi terjadi eror rata-rata dari running 4 literatur mencapai 22,1%, secara garis besar semua analisis menunjukkan eror di range +20% sampai +30%, selain itu Fr dan U/U* juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap penurunan koefisien kekasaran pada saluran terbuka.
APLIKASI NERACA AIR UNTUK MENENTUKAN BULAN BASAH DAN KERING DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Sugiarto Ari , Suharnoto Yuli , Kurniawan Allen
Published: March 2021

Ketersediaan air di suatu wilayah dapat digambarkan dengan analisis neraca air. Prinsip analisis ini berdasarkan ketersediaan air hujan setelah dikurangi kehilangan air dari proses evapotranspirasi. Berdasarkan deskripsi tersebut, studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan bulan basah dan kering di Kota Palembang menggunakan analisis neraca air dari data curah hujan dan evapotranspirasi. Studi ini menggunakan data selama 10 tahun terakhir (2010-2019) diperoleh dari dua stasiun Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (Kenten dan Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II) di Kota Palembang. Proyeksi nilai evapotranspirasi menggunakan model Penman-Monteith. Tahapan analisis meliputi akumulasi dan polinomial orde 6, penurunan, dan pengurangan dari curah hujan dan evapotranspirasi. Hasil analisis data iklim dari stasiun Kenten menunjukkan rata-rata bulan basah dalam 10 tahun terakhir terjadi pada 1-166 dan 273-365 J-day, sedangkan bulan kering terjadi pada 167-272 J-day. Analisis data iklim dari Stasiun Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II menunjukkan bulan basah terjadi pada 1-161 dan 284-365 J-day, sedangkan bulan kering tejadi pada 162-283 J-day. Analisis data dari stasiun Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II menunjukkan waktu bulan basah yang lebih pendek dan bulan kering yang lebih panjang 15 hari dibanding Stasiun Kenten. Namun, kedua hasil dari stasiun tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bulan basah di Kota Palembang terjadi pada awal Januari hingga pertengahan Juni dan awal Oktober hingga akhir Desember, sedangkan bulan kering terjadi pada pertengahan Juni hingga awal Oktober.
The use of laser scanning in the survey of the postern of the Kłodzko Fortress
Authors: Gleń Piotr , Krupa Karol
Published: March 2021

This article presents the significance of laser scanning as a method of acquiring spatial data and the significance of this method during the process of survey of historic monuments. The authors of the paper focus on the survey of the postern located under the eastern slope of the Kłodzko Fortress and connecting the town with the upper levels of the fortification. With the use of laser scanning, a three-dimensional image of the postern was obtained. Based on the results of measurements, it is possible to specify the dimensions of tunnel elements which are difficult to measure, such as the buried fragment of the postern and the height of the embankment located above the tunnel. The research conducted by the authors of the article has been juxtaposed with the available archival materials concerning this part of the Kłodzko Fortress.
Przekształcenia przestrzeni miejskiej, miejsce i nie-miejsce
Authors: Gaweł Dariusz
Published: March 2021

Artykuł jest efektem kontynuacji badań nad przestrzenią miejską w warunkach powszechnej globalizacji. Powstał w oparciu o krytykę literatury fachowej oraz spostrzeżenia i badania „in situ”, odnoszące się do opisywanych miejsc. Termin ,,nie miejsce” stanowi podstawę do przeprowadzenia oceny przestrzeni miejskiej w warunkach szybko postępujących  zmian,  przekształcanego środowiska zbudowanego miast i warunków życia jej użytkowników. Zmieniające się tempo życia, postęp techniczny i informatyzacja procesów, nakładają na mieszkańców wiele dodatkowych wyzwań. O ile historycznie ukształtowane struktury urbanistyczne posiadają naturalne wykształcone cechy tożsamości miejsca, o tyle gwałtownie powstające nie-miejsca wykazują kompletny ich brak. Współczesne nie-miejsca stają się punktem zetknięcia tworzonej architektury, urbanistyki i negatywnych skutków życia społecznego mieszkańców. Są one tworzone w pozornych warunkach troski o dobro wspólne, a współczesne  miasta ulegają  powolnej pauperyzacji. Artykuł jest konfrontacją rozważań teoretycznych popartych analizą konkretnych realizacji.
Stylistyka wnętrz historycznych budynków położonych w wybranych miejscowościach uzdrowiskowych na Huculszczyźnie – zarys problematyki
Authors: Czubiński Jacek
Published: March 2021

W miejscowościach uzdrowiskowych położonych w dolinie Prutu na Huculszczyźnie zachował się duży, niezwykle interesujący, zespół obiektów powstałych w okresie międzywojennym. Związane są one zarówno z architekturą modernistyczną jak i nurtami regionalnymi. Praca przedstawia i analizuje wybrane przykłady aranżacji wnętrz reprezentujących te dwie tendencje. Zagadnienie to było niemal całkowicie pominięte w dotychczasowych badaniach nad architekturą tego regionu. Prowadzone przez autora studia terenowe i archiwalne pozwoliły zidentyfikować szereg projektów i realizacji. Badania będą kontynuowane w przyszłości.
High breakdown voltage of AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs diode achieved by balanced charges considering residual carbon impurity in hole and electron channels
Authors: Ogawa Hiroaki , Kawata Soichiro , Iwata Naotaka
Published: March 2021

High breakdown voltage (BV) AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs diodes with a pair of hole and electron channels were studied taking account of the residual carbon impurity. The residual acceptor that would affect the charge balance was evaluated by separate growth. Utilizing the residual concentration, the acceptor concentrations (N
A) were examined with a fixed donor concentration of 1.1 × 1012 cm−2. For N
A of 0.9 × 1012 cm−2, the diode with 113 μm drift region length derived the highest BV of 1800 V. Temperature-dependent I–V measurements revealed the breakdown due to an avalanche multiplication. This implies a uniform electric field across the channels. Then, depletion of both channels was characterized by C–V measurements for obtaining capacitance shut-off voltages of the diodes. The lowest shut-off voltage was obtained for the 0.9 × 1012 cm−2
N
A diode. This would be due to the simultaneous depletion of hole and electron channels, i.e. the identical net concentration for acceptor and donor.
Boosting performance of Mn1.56Co0.96Ni0.48O4 film bolometer using randomly distributed nanostructures
Authors: Hu Tao , Ma Wanli , Zhang Zhibo , Wu Jing , Jiang Lin , Yao Niangjuan , Zhou Wei , Huang Zhiming
Published: March 2021

Gold nanoparticle clusters and/or chains, prepared and coated by solution processes, are introduced to improve optical absorption in Mn1.56Co0.96Ni0.48O4 (MCNO) films for the first time. Based on such a strategy, the response of the proposed film bolometer increases by 7.4% in the infrared region and 13.5% at the millimeter-wave frequency of 25.4 GHz, respectively. It means that we find an effective method of achieving broadband enhancements in the film bolometer using plasmonic effects. Our approach is convenient and efficient not only for MCNO film bolometer but also for other thermal detectors.
Gender Dimensions of Youth Access to Agricultural Land Under Customary Tenure System in the Techiman Traditional Area of Ghana
Authors: Kidido Joseph Kwaku , Bugri John Tiah
Published: March 2021

This study investigates youth access to agricultural land under the customary land tenure regime in Ghana focusing on gender dimensions. Using the Techiman Traditional Area as a case study, the study applied multiple sampling techniques in a multi-stage sampling process to select the study communities and the respondents. A total sample of 455 youth respondents comprising 299 males and 156 females were covered in 20 communities. The results from the study revealed that majority of the youth, especially female, accessed agricultural land under non-market mechanisms such as licence, gift and inheritance; while predominantly male youth also accessed land under market mechanisms such as rentals and sharecropping. Both male and female youth held small land sizes. The underlying challenges facing both male and female youth were in two-fold: demand-related such as high cost of accessing land, competition from residential developers and wealthy adult farmers among others, and supply-related such as unwillingness of the elders to release land, scarce productive family land, land grants to outsiders among others. There is the need to ensure a well-functioning land market coupled with credit support system to enable both male and female youth access land. The study recommends further research into youth access to agricultural land under the main customary tenure regimes across the country as a means of formulating an evidence-based youth agricultural land access policy in Ghana.
An Analysis of Organisational and Task Stressors Among Construction Professionals in Ghana
Authors: Attakora-Amaniampong Elvis , Ameyaw Stephen , Anzagra Lea
Published: March 2021

The construction industry constitutes one of the imperative and promising industries in Ghana in term of output and outcome. However, the stressful nature of this industry has become an issue of concern to many. The study identifies and examines the critical organisational and task stressors among construction professionals in Ghana, using sequential explanatory mixed approach by means of mainly questionnaire survey and interviews. Data from a sample size of 372 construction professionals within the ten regions of Ghana were examined using factor analysis and pairwise ranking. The results of this study reveal that organizational policies, treatment and reward constitute the most critical organizational stressors. Overload and job description ambiguity turned out as the most critical task stressors. It was uncovered that organisation stressors are ubiquitous. The findings of this study can serve as policy alert for an optimal stress and employee-oriented policies as well as training scheme for construction professionals in Ghana. In-depth nationwide qualitative study on organisational and task stress coping strategies of construction professionals is recommended.
Peri-urbanisation: a blessing or scourge?
Authors: Abdulai Ibrahim Abu , Enu-kwesi Francis , Agyenim Joseph Boateng
Published: March 2021

The rate of agricultural land conversion in peri-urban communities due to peri-urbanisation and inefficient use of agricultural lands has raised concerns at both local and global levels. This paper surveys the literature and synthesises the key arguments for and against peri-urbanisation. A review of the literature demonstrates that the focal arguments focus on employment, diversification and intensification of agriculture, cash-income activities, livestock rearing, access to goods and services, unsanitary conditions, social vices, weakening social relations, deforestation, high cost of living, and out-migration. We conclude that peri-urbanisation brings about the betterment of living conditions and at the same time displaces local livelihoods, while breeding poverty for local residents. Hence, we recommend the design and implementation of policies that will secure agriculture lands, while promoting urban activities to enable farmer households to cultivate their land and at the same time engage with the new urban opportunities.
Experimental Study of Using a 3-D Position Sensitive CdZnTe Detector for Proton Beam Range Verification
Authors: Nwadeyi Valerie , maggi Paul , He Zhong , Polf Jerimy
Published: March 2021

Position sensitive CdZnTe Compton imaging cameras are currently being studied for their use of proton beam range verification for radiotherapy applications. This work presents the use of an experimental large volume CdZnTe detector for the detection of prompt gamma rays that are emitted from proton-nuclei interaction within plastic (C2H4) targets. Two experiments were conducted where the incident angle and the dose profile of the beam were varied. The energy spectra from these experiments show that the angle at which the beam enters the target can influence the photopeak to Compton continuum ratios, resulting in more than 18% increase at 718 keV when the beam is parallel to the detector. Images of the 718 keV and 4.44 MeV characteristic prompt gamma ray emission from carbon-proton interactions are reconstructed using list-mode maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM). Images from these prompt gamma emissions line up well with the expected location of the proton beam within the plastic targets.
Novel Highly Efficient In-Band Pump Wavelengths for Medium Slope Efficiency Holmium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers
Authors: Tench Robert , Walasik Wiktor , Delavaux Jean-Marc
Published: March 2021

We report the design and performance of medium slope
efficiency (64%) Holmium-doped fiber amplifiers (HDFAs) with novel alternative
in-band pump wavelengths in the 1720–2000 nm spectral region. We
demonstrate through simulations that pump wavelengths of 1840–1860 nm can
yield significantly improved output power, gain, and optical-optical conversion
efficiency compared to the previous technical and industry standard pump
wavelength of 1940 nm. Our simulations are verified by experimental data.
Association of the increased circulating CD62LloCXCR4hi neutrophil count with carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Dolgushin I. I. , Genkel V. V. , Baturina I. L. , Emelyanov I. V. , Savochkina A. Y. , Shaposhnik I. I.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The role of neutrophils in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis as well as in the development of its complications has received scientific attention only in the recent years. Today, there is growing evidence to support a role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in sustained inflammation during different chronic inflammatory diseases by retaining neutrophils at inflammatory sites.The aim of the study is to assess the diagnostic and prognostic significance of circulating CD62LloCXCR4 hi neutrophils in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.Materials and methods. A total of 75 patients (52% of men and 48% of women) aged 40 to 64 years were examined. None of them were diagnosed with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. All the patients underwent carotid artery duplex scanning. The flow cytometry and CD16, CD11b, CD62L, CD182 (CXCR2) and CD184 (CXCR4) conjugated monoclonal antibodies were used for phenotyping and differentiation of neutrophil subpopulations.Results. Atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries were detected in 72% of the patients; most of the patients were diagnosed with stenosis development in more than one of the carotid arteries (CA). The elevated levels of circulating CXCR4h neutrophils were associated with the levels of total cholesterol (r = 0.377; p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r = 0.293; p = 0.014) and triglycerides (r = 0.388; p = 0.003). The study revealed direct correlation between the circulating CXCR4 hi neutrophil count and the cumulative percentage of CA stenosis (r = 0.300; p = 0.011), including the number of stenosed CA (r = 0.291; p = 0.034). It was also found that CXCR4 hi neutrophil counts demonstrated a statistically significant increase along with the increased number of stenosed CA (p = 0.025). The ROC analysis findings show that the elevated CXCR4 hi neutrophil counts ≥260 cells/μL made it possible to diagnose stenotic lesion of 4 CAs with a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity reaching 76.6%.Conclusion. In patients with carotid atherosclerosis, the increased count of circulating CD62LloCXCR4 hi neutrophils was associated with the increased number of stenosed CAs, while no significant changes were observed in the other examined subpopulations of neutrophil granulocytes. The increased CD62LloCXCR4 hi neutrophil count made it possible to diagnose stenotic lesion of 4 CAs with a sufficient sensitivity and specificity.
Very High Efficiency of Pathogen Inactivation by Body Temperature CO2 Bubbles: in Pursuit of Mechanism
Authors: Garrido Sanchis Adrian , Ninham Barry W.
Published: March 2021

A CO2 bubble column (CBC) has been developed as a body-temperature lab-scale water sterilization process for the inactivation of pathogens. Both CO2 and combustion gas bubbles inactivated Escherichia coli C-3000 (ATCC15597) with extraordinary efficiency in solutions with low alkalinity. The mechanisms of inactivation were not known. To characterise the phenomena a new first-order kinetic equation that correlates E.coli inactivation rates with a total alkalinity of the solutions has been developed as a first step towards understanding. This leads us to propose a new mechanism of inactivation.
Introduction and Background - About Water: Novel Water Technologies in the New Millennium
Authors: Ninham Barry W. , Pashley Richard M.
Published: March 2021

A year ago, May 24, 2019 was the 500th anniversary of the death of Leonardo da Vinci. Visionary water projects on a grand scale were one of his lifelong passions. They were never fulfilled. Substantia offers this volume on new water technologies that work, in celebration of the life of da Vinci, the artist and genius of Florence.

These technologies are simple and cheap. They embrace desalination, sterilization of wastewater, including killing of viruses, selective heavy metal ion removal and harvesting.

And a simple solution to a major world economic problem. that of cavitation in ship propellers.

Our claims are startling and apply to real world conditions, that is, in concentrated and complex environments. They are not restricted to ideal, dilute solutions. They are presently inexplicable within the confines and boundaries of classical physical and colloid chemistry. It has been increasingly apparent that this venerable enabling discipline that underpins chemical engineering and biology suffers from sins of omission and commission. Once those strictures are removed whole new opportunities open up. Examples of these we want to exhibit here.
Novel Resins for Efficient Desalination
Authors: Gettongsong Tanita , Taseidifar Mojtaba , Pashley Richard M. , Ninham Barry W.
Published: March 2021

This paper reports the synthesis and properties of new polymer resins containing strong acid and base groups for optimising applications in desalination. Several polyampholytic gels were synthesised with a ratio of 1:1 of strong acid (sulphonate) and strong base (quaternary ammonium) groups and a zwitterionic resin with a 1:1 strong acid and base ratio. The physico-chemical properties of these highly charged resins were studied in electrolyte solutions over a range of pH values, in particular: effects of chemical cross-linking, water and electrolyte swelling; bulk electrical conductivities and surface charging properties in different pH values. The results from absorption of NaCl showed that the resins have considerable potential for more effective desalination than other resin-based techniques.
INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF COMPLEX WATER PIPELINES
Authors: Sekacheva Antonina , Noskov Alexander , Pastukhova Lilia
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the problem of emergence of noise and vibration from pipelines of multi-storey residential buildings. The determination method of risk of increased noise and vibration using the modal analysis method in the ANSYS Workbench software
packages is offered. The numerical modal analysis of straight pipeline sections with various geometrical parameters is carried out. Risk predictions of possible resonant modes are made. The maximum allowed span lengths between supports for sections of
pipeline systems with a diameter of 15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 48, 60, 70, 102, 114, 140, 168, 180, 219 mm are offered.
Transfer Of Rural Funds Through Branches Of Commercial Banks
Authors: A. R. Khan
Published: March 2021

The major thrust of the present paper is to find relevance in Banglades11 of the thesis developed by ~~rdal' with regard to the flow of transfer of funds from less developed areas to the more developed ones. This process is termed by him as "backwash effects." The logic of such fund transfer, as shown by him, lies in the possibility of getting relatively higher return from investing funds in the more developed areas. It may be noted here that the present study is limited to the rural operations of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Comnlercial Banks are szlected for this purpose mainly because the same appears to be relatively more prominent2 in terms of the volume of transactions compared to other agencies operating in the rural financial market of Bangladesh.
Beyond the Boundary of Healthcare Systems: Can Social Capital Complement Health Outcomes of the Aging?
Authors: Md. Mizanur Rahman  , Md. Shahidul Islam  , Syeda Sultana Parveen
Published: March 2021

This paper delves into the association between social capital and health outcomes of the aging in Bangladesh. Methodological triangulation was used to synthesize primary data in this study. The data were collected based on a sample survey from 310 aging people in the aged ≥ 60 years in 2016. Findings reveal that social networks, norms of reciprocity, trust, neighborhood social cohesion and civic participation, and economic hardship are associated with self rated health status. The aging who had low social networks, norms of reciprocity and neighborhood cohesion and economic hardship were 1.917, 2.354, 2.185, and 1.949 times more likely to say that they had poor self rated health status. The synergy index between low social network and economic hard ship, low norm of reciprocity and economic hardship and low neighborhood cohesion were1.592 and 1.939 and, 2.067 supported that effect of joint exposure (low social capital and presence of economic hardship) is greater than the effect predicted from the sum of effects of each factor acting separately. The study concludes that economic hardship reduction is more important to access health care.

 

Keywords: Social capital, healthcare systems, economic hardship, self rated health, health outcomes, interaction effects
Diplomatic Rhetoric Shaping Adaptation Funding-related Issues at the UNFCCC Negotiations
Authors: M.N.I. Sorkar
Published: March 2021

In the contemporary world, the institutions that entangle states in certain obligations are crafted through multilateral negotiation processes. The Paris Climate Agreement provides one such glaring example. One of the vital issues of the Agreement, 'funding for adaptation’, which is crucial for the most affected countries like Bangladesh, received limited attention during the initial phases of the negotiations but emerged as a vital issue after a short time and quickly became a prominent issue. It finally ended up with a moderate profile in the Paris Agreement. How did the issues related to the Adaptation Fund emerge, and how were they framed-up, what was the mechanism of their evolution, and why did only some crucially-contested issues find traction? In this quest, this work extrapolates the framing theory from the media and communication domain and, through applying the approach, develops a simultaneous content and frame analysis, which leads to a historical mapping and tracing of the process of the evolution of the issues. It identifies a phenomenon of frame generation through the contested rhetoric framing of the actors in line with their primary logics, which were shaped by their original mental schemata and permeated throughout the negotiations. The work also identifies that the powerful actors determine the fates of the crucially-contested frames as well as their future implications. Keywords: Framing, climate negotiations, funding adaptation, power
Effectiveness of Village-Based Organization (VBO) in improving the livelihood of the rural community in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Akter Maksuma
Published: March 2021

The study's overarching objective was to evaluate the pros and cons of the newly adopted Village-Based Organization that was funded by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Empirical data was collected following personal interviews and focus group discussions.  The study revealed that VBO contributed to diversifying enterprises by promoting high-value crops, small-scale livestock, and other value-added activities. The respondents expressed their complimentary views about their uplifted living standards. The women’s active participation and consequent empowerment increased by restoring their rights on resources and decision making. Farmers Field School motivated the community to introduce new technologies and practices for maintaining their livelihoods better. Despite some limitations, the VBO helped reduce local disputes and criminal activities like dowry, the high-interest rate of credit, child marriage, and drug abuse. The study advocates replicating this concept in the whole country as a part of the corona pandemic stimulus package. It can curb Monga (seasonal famine), tackle incremental anthropogenic-climatic stressors, reduces the consumption of natural resources, achieves Sustainable Development Goals, and finally, uphold the aspiration of a "whole society approach" and "no one is left behind." Policy interventions are warranted to rectify the identified challenges and integrate the basic principles of sustainability, termed a holistic approach.
Policy Implication of the Rate of Return Criterion in Higher Educational Investment Planning
Authors: Mir Obaidur Rahman
Published: March 2021

Financing educational programmes in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) is at the cross-roads. The clamour for socialization of higher education in the face of large number of uncmployeci university graduates vis-a-vis dearth of adequate manpower to feed the development aciivities deserves consideration in a clearer perspectivc. The relatively high incidence of unemployment points out thc econotnic waste involved in using scarce resource. Moreover, for each occupation there is an optimum amount of formal schooling. Thus in some cases, labour productivity declines as schooling increases.
CİNAYƏT NƏTİCƏSİNDƏ VURULMUŞ ZƏRƏRİN ARADAN QALDIRILMASI PROBLEMLƏRİ
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Yusif oğlu Dadaşzadə Xalıq
Published: March 2021

Key word: victim, reporation of damages, restitution, compensation
AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASINDA RLİ ÖZÜNÜİDARƏETMƏNİN ƏSAS PROBLEMLƏRİ
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Mehdi qızı Əliyeva Həbibə
Published: March 2021

Key words: Azerbaijan Republic, local self-government, municipiality, local budget, authority
COMPETITIVE SOLUTION THEORIES IN THE NATURAL MONOPOLY MARKETS AND OPTIMAL PRICING METHODS IN THEIR REGULATION
Authors:   Baku, Azerbaijan, Ingilab Orujova Shafa
Published: March 2021

Key words: Natural monopolies, competition, market economy, theories, regulation, pricing, method
АГРЕССИВНОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПСИХИАТРИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФИЛЯ
Authors:   Баку, Азербайджан, Имран гызы Кулиева Самира
Published: March 2021

Key words:aggression, aggressive behavior, psychiatry.
QURANDA ELM VƏ ÖYRƏNMƏYƏ TƏŞVİQ (Tezislər)
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Sabir qızı Salmanova Şəlalə
Published: March 2021

Key words: Islam, Koran, science, thinking, mind
DÜNYA ÖLKƏLƏRİ ÜZRƏ İNTİHARLARIN BAŞ VERMƏ SƏBƏBLƏRİ
Authors:   Azərbaycan Turizm və Menencment Universiteti, Habil qızı Məhərrəmova Aydan
Published: March 2021

Key words: suicide, causes of suicide, suicide statistics, worldwide suicide
MƏKTƏBİN KOLLEGİAL İDARƏEDİLMƏSİ
Authors:   Baku, Azerbaijan, Fikrət qızı Mahmudova Şəbnəm
Published: March 2021

Key words: managment, pedagogical board, control, collegiality, monitoring, pedagogical organization, reporting, ICT
KİÇİK MƏKTƏB YAŞLI OPTİK DİSQRAFİYALI UŞAQLARIN XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ VƏ NÖVLƏRİ
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, Əmrah qızı Fətəliyeva Lalə
Published: March 2021

Key words: dysgraphia, optical dysgraphia, literal optical dysgraphia, mirrow dysgraphia
KƏKƏLƏMƏNİN ETİOLOGİYASI VƏ PATOGENEZİ
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, İbrahim qızı Abduləliyeva Yaqut
Published: March 2021

Key words: stuttering, speech defects, logopedic, psychological problems
“ŞUŞA”-nın TARİXİ-MEMARLIQ ABİDƏLƏRI ELTURAN AVALOVUN QRAFİK SİLSİLƏSİNDƏ
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Rəssamlıq Akademiyası, Rauf qızı Teyyubova Aytac
Published: March 2021

Key words: Shusha, monument, graphics, architecture, picture, black and white drawings
ИНТЕЛЛИГЕНЦИЯ И ЛИТЕРАТУРА (к постановке вопроса)
Authors:   Бакинский славянский университет, Фарман гызы Гумбатова Дурдана
Published: March 2021

Key words: intelligentsia, intellectual, literary process, intellectual freedom, idea, thought
OMONİMLƏR LEKSİK-SEMANTİK HADİSƏ KİMİ
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Natiq qızı Hüseyxanova Aysel
Published: March 2021

Key words: lexical event, linguistic, grammatical character
TYPOLOGICAL SIMILARITIES IN UZBEK AND TURKISH STORIES
Authors:   The Institute of Uzbek Language, Literature an Folklore Of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan,, Yunus Sattorova Gulnoz
Published: March 2021

The process of globalization have a profound effect on the economy and politics of all countries, as well as on national cultural aspects. This process is changing the inner and outer nature of every nation. The changing world as a result of globalization, the individual, the problems that arise in the life of every nation as a result of its influence; news about what is happening; one of the most important tasks of literary criticism is the reflection of the contemporary image of those who are in search of solutions to their problems, from one side, in the literacy literature, from the other side, in the literacy process, from the scientific point of view. Although works of art are created in a particular language, over time, they also “move” to other languages, inviting different nations to kindness and mutual love. For the original works of literature, time and place cannot be maintained. For them, religious beliefs and boundaries between countries can never be the “Great Chinese Wall” because they embodied the divine miracle power of the word.
OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE MEDICAL CARE TO PERSONS IN CUSTODY
Authors:   Baku State University, Nasimi Mammadova Nargiz
Published: March 2021

Key words: human rights, prisoners health, international law
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND AR (AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC) LEGISLATION GENOCIDE CRIME AND ITS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL CRIMES
Authors:   Baku State University, Humbat Musayev Erkin Humbat Musayev
Published: March 2021

Key words: international law, international criminal law, genocide, war crimes, transnational crime
İCRA HAKİMİYYƏTİ ORQANLARININ AKTLARI
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti, Bəxtiyar qızı Cəmilova Könül
Published: March 2021

Key words: separation of powers, executive power, act
ELEMENTS OFCRIMINAL COMPOSITION OF TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES
Authors:   Baku State University, Aydin Novruzova Laura
Published: March 2021

Key words: object of transnational crimes, subject of transnational crimes, objective aspect of transnational crimes, and subjective aspect of transnational crimes
PRINCIPLES OF THE LAW OF THE SEA CONCERNING THE PASSAGE REGIMES
Authors:   Baku State University, Abdulla Abuzarli Leyla
Published: March 2021

Key words: the principle of freedom of the seas, the principle of sovereignty, the principle of common heritage of mankind, various approaches
СЫР БОЙЫНДА САҚТАЛҒАН МИФТІК АҢЫЗДАРДАҒЫ ҚОРҚЫТ АТАНЫҢ ТӘҢІРЛІК СИПАТТАРЫ
Authors:   Қожа Ахмет Ясауи атындағы Халықаралық қазақ-түрік университеті, Сырымұлы Әбжет Бақыт
Published: March 2021

Key words: Korkyt, healer, kobyz, God, legend, the Syrdaryavalley, shaman