bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic compression locking system versus multiple cannulated compression screw for the treatment of femoral neck fractures: a comparative study
Authors: Xiao Ya-Ping , Bei Ming-Jian , Ji Tao , Peng Yong-Jun , Ma Bing , Li Shao-Gang , Shu Dong-ping
Published: January 2020

Background: Femoral neck fractures are one of the problems in orthopedic treatment. The prognosis is uncertain. Currently, there is no one internal fixation for the treatment of femoral neck fractures that shows superiority over other internal fixations. Therefore, the internal fixation system needs to be further explored. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of femoral neck dynamic compression locking system （DCLS）and multiple cannulated compression screws（MCCS） in the treatment of femoral neck fractures.Methods: A prospective analysis of 54 cases of femoral neck fractures treated with either a DCLS (n=28) or MCCS (n=26) was conducted between December 2015 and November 2017 in authors’ hospitals. The perioperative and postoperative parameters of the two groups were recorded and evaluated.Results: Fifty-four patients were followed up for 24-47 months. The etiology was caused by a fall. There was no significant difference in follow-up time, operation time, incision length, surgical blood loss, the incidence of perioperative and postoperative healing complications, and mobility in the two groups (P> 0.05). The Harris score, fracture healing time, femoral neck shortening, partial weight-bearing time and complete weight-bearing time were significantly better in the DCLS group than in the MCCS group (P< 0.05). The fracture healing rate in the DCLS group was higher than that in the MCCS group.Conclusion: The DCLS and MCCS might be equally effective in terms of operation time, incision length, surgical blood loss, the incidence of perioperative and postoperative healing complications, and mobility in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. However, the DCLS is superior to the MCCS in Harris score, fracture healing time, femoral neck shortening, weight-bearing time and fracture healing rate. So, DCLS deserves further study.
Bacteria drug resistance profile affects knee and hip periprosthetic joint infection outcome with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention
Authors: Rudelli Bruno Alves , Giglio Pedro Nogueira , Carvalho Vladimir Cordeiro , Pecora Jose Ricardo , Gurgel Henrique Melo Campos , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes , Vicente Jose Ricardo Negreiros , Lima Ana Lucia Lei Munhoz , Helito Camilo Partezani
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: evaluate the effect of bacteria drug resistance profile on the success rates of debridement, antibiotics and implant retention. METHODS: All early acute periprosthetic infections in hip and knee arthroplasties treated with DAIR at our institution over the period from 2011 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The success rate was evaluated according to the type of organism identified in culture: multidrug-sensitive (MSB), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRB) and according to other risk factors for treatment failure. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were analyzed; there were 37 in the multidrug-sensitive bacteria (MSB) group, 11 in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) group and 9 in the other multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRB) group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the treatment failure rate among the three groups: 8.3% for the MSB group, 18.2% for the MRSA group and 55.6% for the MRB group (p=0.005). Among the other risk factors for treatment failure, the presence of inflammatory arthritis presented a failure rate of 45.1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: DAIR showed a good success rate in cases of early acute infection by multidrug-sensitive bacteria. In the presence of infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria or association with rheumatic diseases the treatment failure rate was higher and other surgical options should be considered in this specific population. The MRSA group showed intermediate results between MSB and MRB and should be carefully evaluated.
Sex difference in the association between education and schizophrenia in Chinese adults
Authors: Luo Yanan , Pang Lihua , Zhao Yihao , Guo Chao , Zhang Lei , Zheng Xiaoying
Published: January 2020

Objective: Improving education level was evidenced to decrease the risk of schizophrenia, but whether this strength of education role depends on gender is not. This study aimed to investigate whether there is sex difference in the association between education and schizophrenia in Chinese adults. Methods: Data was obtained from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006, and restricted our analysis to 1,909,205 participants aged 18 years or older, which covered 31 provinces (administrative districts) in China. Schizophrenia was ascertained according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Logistics regression models was fitted to examine the combined effect of sex and education on schizophrenia. Results: The prevalence of schizophrenia in female groups was higher than in male groups, with 0.44% (95% CI : 0.42%, 0.45%) and 0.36% (95% CI : 0.35%, 0.37%), respectively. There is a statistical significant difference that more females experienced severe or extreme difficulty in understanding and communicating. However, more males suffered from severe or extreme difficulty in the function of daily activities and participation in society. The combined effect of education and schizophrenia was statistically significant ( OR =1.05, 95%CI =1.02, 1.08), indicating that, as the level of education level increased, schizophrenia risk of females decreased faster than the risk of males. Conclusions: This study showed that additional years of education reduce the risk of schizophrenia for both men and women while also closing the gender gap between them. As education elevated, the risk of schizophrenia decreased more for women than for men. The findings indicated that improving education level may have an effect on reducing gender gaps in schizophrenia in China. Action to prevent schizophrenia and close its gender gap will require attention to the improving educational opportunities. Keywords : Schizophrenia; education ; sex difference
Willingness-to-pay and time-trade-off as the measures of burden of psoriasis: A pooled analysis of community, hospital, and web-based samples
Authors: Xiao Yi , Li Meng , Guan Xin , Sheng Ping , Tao Juan , He Meian , Zhu Wu , Chen Xiang , Shen Minxue
Published: January 2020

Background The study aimed to compare willingness-to-pay (WTP) and health utility measured by time-trade-off (TTO) in psoriasis. Methods A pooled sample from a community-based cohort, a hospital, and an online registry were used. WTP was elicited for control and for cure. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were used as references. Data distribution, concurrent validity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were compared. Results A total of 479 patients were enrolled. WTP for control demonstrated a positive association with PASI among mild psoriasis, while TTO showed an inverse correlation to DLQI. The AUC of WTP for control (0.66) was higher than that of TTO (0.48) in discriminating PASI>10, and the AUC of TTO (0.64) was higher than that of WTP for control (0.62) in discriminating DLQI>10. Conclusion WTP for control shows superiority in detecting objective severity, while TTO may be more sensitive in measuring impaired quality of life.
A retrospective cohort investigation of seroprevalence of Marburg virus and ebolaviruses in two different ecological zones in Uganda
Authors: Nyakarahuka Luke , Schafer Ilana J. , Balinandi Stephen , Mulei Sophia , Tumusiime Alex , Kyondo Jackson , Knust Barbara , Lutwama Julius J , Rollin Pierre , Nichol Stuart , Shoemaker Trevor
Published: January 2020

Background Uganda has experienced seven Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks and four Marburg Virus disease (MVD) outbreaks between 2000 and 2019. We investigated the seroprevalence and risk factors for Marburg virus and ebolaviruses infections in gold mining communities around Kitaka gold mine in Western Uganda, and compared them to non-mining communities in Central UgandaMethods A questionnaire was administered and human blood samples were collected from three exposed groups in Western Uganda (gold miners, and household members of miners, non-miners living within 50 km of Kitaka mine). Controls were community members in Central Uganda far away from any gold mining activity which we considered as low-risk groups or ‘unexposed’ to filovirus infection. ELISA technique was used to analyse samples, detecting IgG antibodies against Marburg virus and ebolaviruses (filovirus).Results Miners in western Uganda were 4.8 times more likely to be seropositive compared to the non-exposed group in central Uganda (RR=4.8, 95%CI 1.3-17.9). Overall, filovirus seropositivity was 2.6% (19/724) of which 2.5% (18/724) was to Sudan virus, 0.1% (1/724) was to Bundibugyo virus, and 0.1% (1/724) to Marburg virus. One individual had IgG antibodies reactive to both Sudan virus and Bundibugyo virus. The risk factors for seropositivity to Sudan virus identified included mining (aOR=3.4, 1.3-8.5), male sex (3.1, 1.01 - 9.5), going inside mines (3.1, 1.2 - 8.2), cleaning corpses (3.1, 1.04 - 9.1) and contact with suspect filovirus cases (3.9, 1.04 -14.5).Conclusions These findings indicate that filovirus outbreaks may go undetected in Uganda and people involved in artisan gold mining or living close to mines and/or caves are more likely to be exposed to infection with either Marburg virus or ebolaviruses, likely due to increased risk of exposure to bats. This calls for active surveillance in known high-risk areas for early detection and response to prevent filovirus epidemics.
Investigation on antibody level of umbilical cord blood measles in 2017 in ankang city, Shaanxi province, China
Authors: Wan Chunge
Published: January 2020

Background Through the examination and analysis of the level of the antibody against the umbilical cord blood measles in maternal newborn in ankang city, to explore prevention and control measures and strategies of measles. Methods Using indirect enzyme-linked immunoadsorption testto test the level of Measles IgG antibody in 848 randomly collected neonatal umbilical cord blood samples,and Using descriptive epidemiological methods,Enter relevant data into Microsoft Excel to establish a database,Statistical analysis using SPSS. Results The positive rate of measles IgG antibody was 84.43 % in 848 neonatal umbilical cord blood samples in Ankang City.There is no statistical difference in the positive rate of neonatal umbilical cord blood measles IgG antibody in different age groups（P>0.05）,However, the positive rate of neonatal umbilical cord blood measles IgG showed a decreasing trend with the increase of maternal age;Maternal and newborn umbilical cord blood measles IgG antibody positive rate and different forms of residence, different maternal births has nothing to do with,but it is related to the county and district where it is located and the vaccination service model.In the counties where the quality of vaccination services is good, and in the areas where the township vaccination service model is implemented, the positive rate of maternal newborn umbilical cord blood measles IgG antibodies is higher, and the difference is statistically significant(P & lt; 0.05). Conclusions Vaccination of measles ingredients before pregnancy in women of childbearing age can not only increase the level of measles antibodies in people of childbearing age, but also increase the level of measles antibodies in infants born in August before the birth of Mazhenyimiao, thus effectively reducing the incidence of measles in children over 15 years of age and within the age of 8 months.It is of great significance to strengthen the standardized administration of vaccination, adjust the vaccination service model, and vigorously promote the centralized vaccination service model in townships and towns to reduce the incidence of measles.
Acute Mechanical Stress in Primary RPE Cells Induces Angiogenic Factor Expression and in vitro Angiogenesis
Authors: Vargis Elizabeth , Farjood Farhad , Ahmadpour Amir , Ostvar Sassan
Published: January 2020

Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of blindness in patients with age-related macular degeneration. CNV is characterized by new blood vessel growth and subretinal fluid accumulation, which results in mechanical pressure on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Overexpressing RPE-derived angiogenic factors plays an important role in inducing CNV. Results The goal of this study was to determine whether low levels of acute mechanical stress during early CNV can induce the expression of angiogenic factors in RPE cells and accelerate angiogenesis. Using a novel device, acute mechanical stress was applied to primary porcine RPE cells and the resulting changes in the expression of major angiogenic factors were examined using immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR, and ELISA. An in vitro tube formation assay was used to determine the effect of mechanical stress on RPE cells on angiogenesis. Our results showed an increase in the expression of major angiogenic factors in response to mechanical stress, resulting in increased in vitro angiogenesis. Abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in RPE cells is also associated with CNV and further retinal degeneration. Our qRT-PCR results verified an increase in the expression of EMT genes in RPE cells. Conclusions In conclusion, we showed that acute mechanical stress induces the expression of major angiogenic and EMT factors and promotes in vitro angiogenesis, suggesting that mechanical stress plays a role in promoting aberrant angiogenesis in AMD.
Understanding vocational students' motivation for dietary and physical activity behaviours
Authors: Kuipers Annabelle , Kloek Gitte Caroline , Vries Sanne Irene de
Published: January 2020

Background: Unhealthy eating behaviours and low levels of physical activity are a major problem in adolescents and young adults in vocational education. In order to develop effective intervention programmes, more research is needed to understand how different types of motivation contribute to health behaviours. In the present study the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is used as a framework to examine how motivation contributes to dietary and physical activity behaviours in Vocational Education & Training (VET) students.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 809 students (mean age 17.8 ± 1.9 years) attending VET in the Netherlands. The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) for diet and physical activity, the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health- enhancing physical activity (SQUASH) and the Dutch Public Health Monitor questionnaire were used to asses type of motivation, physical activity and dietary behaviour. Linear multilevel regression analyses were used to investigate the association between type of motivation and dietary and physical activity behaviours. Results: Amotivation was negatively associated with breakfast frequency and was positively associated with diet soda consumption and the number of unhealthy products consumed per week. A positive association was found between autonomous motivation and water intake, breakfast frequency, fruit intake and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Autonomous motivation was negatively associated with the consumption of unhealthy products. Controlled motivation was not associated with physical activity or dietary behaviours.Conclusion: Type of motivation according to SDT seems to partly explain dietary and physical activity behaviours in VET students. Autonomous motivation in particular was shown to be associated with healthy behaviours and could therefore be a valuable intervention target.
Differential Regulation and Correlation between Galectin-9 and anti-CCP antibody (ACPA) in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Fujita Yuya , Asano Tomoyuki , Matsuoka Naoki , Temmoku Jumpei , Sato Shuzo , Matsumoto Haruki , Furuya Makiko Yashiro , Suzuki Eiji , Watanabe Hiroshi , Kawakami Atsushi , Migita Kiyoshi
Published: January 2020

Background: Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is involved in the regulatory process of immune responses or inflammation. The aim of the present study is to characterize circulating Gal-9 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its relationship with RA disease activity and phenotype.Methods: A total 116 RA patients and age-matched healthy controls (n=31) were included in this study. Disease activity of RA patients were determined by Disease Activity Score of 28 joint scoring system (DAS28-ESR). Levels of Galectin-9 in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Serum levels of Gal-9 were significantly higher in patients with RA compared to those in controls (median 7577 pg/ml; [interquartile range (IQR); 5570–10201] versus 4738 g/ml [IQR; 4267–5630], p=0.001). Higher levels of serum Gal-9 were observed predominantly in RA patients with RA-ILD (9606 pg/ml [IQR: 8522–12167] versus 7078 pg/ml [IQR: 5225–9447], p<0.001) or advanced joint damage (Stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ) (9606 pg/ml [IQR: 8522–12167] versus 7078 pg/ml [IQR: 5225–9447], p<0.001)　compared to other patients. Although serum levels of galectin-9 correlated with the titers of ACPA (r=0.275, p=0.002), levels of ACPA titers conferred the different relationship, between serum Gal-9 and inflammatory mediators or RA disease activity. Although Gal-9 was correlated with ACPA titers (r=0.508, p=0.002), there was no correlation between Gal-9 levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) or DAS28-ESR in RA patients with high titers of ACPA (>200u/ml). Conversely, Gal-9 was correlated with MMP-3 (r=0.300, p=0.007) or DAS28-ESR (r=0.331, p=0.004) not with ACPA titer in RA patients with low titers of ACPA titers (<200U/ml). Conclusions: Serum levels of glectin-9 were increased in RA patients and associated with RA disease activity in RA patients without high titers of ACPA. The levels of ACPA titers may influence the values of circulating galectin-9 in RA patients with various clinical phenotype. These data suggest that Gal-9 possessed the properties proinflammatory or arthropathic biomarker under the status of ACPA seropositivity,
Prevalence of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Oman: STEPS Survey 2017
Authors: Al-Mawali Adhra , Jayapal Sathish Kumar , Morsi Magdi , Al-Shekaili Waleed , Pinto Avinash Daniel , Al-Kharusi Hilal , Al-Harrasi Ayaman , Al-Balushi Zainab , Idikula John
Published: January 2020

Background Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) represent a major public health issue and currently are the cause of 71% of deaths globally and 72% deaths in Oman. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive, up-to-date and internationally comparable data on NCD risk factors in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing public health policies and to develop further NCD prevention and control interventions. The aim of the study was to provide evidence-based, up-to-date, extensive, and reliable baseline data on the behavioural and biological risk factors of NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman. Methods A cross‐sectional community‐based survey designed to be nationally representative of the Sultanate of Oman was conducted based on the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS). Multi-stage stratified random sampling according to geographical distribution selected a total of 9053 households (Omani nationals and non-Omani residents). Cluster sampling was used and symmetric equal number of blocks were chosen in each governorate with 823 households chosen from each governorate and one eligible adult selected from each household randomly. The survey used demographic and behavioural information questionnaires along with physical and biochemical measurements among adults aged 18 years and above. Results The prevalence of behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use was 9%, alcohol consumption was 2%, insufficient fruit or vegetable intake was 61%, and insufficient physical activity was 39%. The prevalence of biological risk factors such as overweight and obesity was 66%, raised blood pressure was 33%, raised blood glucose was 16%, and raised blood cholesterol was 36%. The prevalence of multiple risk factors was also determined and 95% of the population were found to have more than one risk factor. Three or more risk factors were found among 33% of population aged 18-69 years and 45% of the population aged 45 years. Conclusions These findings are important to support the formulation and implementation of NCD-related policies and action plans that improve health status and prevent mortality due to NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman.
Genetic aberrations in chromatin factors are pervasive, mutually exclusive, associated with a high mutational burden and improved response to checkpoint immunotherapy in cancer
Authors: Markovska Martina , Rosalia Rodney , Stajkovska Aleksandra , Mehandziska Sanja , Janevska Marija , Kungulovski Ivan , Mitrev Zan , Kungulovski Goran
Published: January 2020

Background: In recent years, it has been shown that many of the pervasive genetic defects in cancer occur in chromatin modifiers. In order to obtain insights in regards to their biology and clinical relevance in cancer, we analyzed the distribution and mutual relationships of genetic aberrations in relevant chromatin modifiers in tens of thousands of publicly available cancer datasets. Results: We observed that in general, they are mutually exclusive, and their prevalence is higher in some types of cancers compared to others. Moreover, we observed a strong association between aberrations in selected chromatin modifiers and tumor mutational burden, leading to an improved response to checkpoint immunotherapy. Conclusion: All in all, this study uncovered interesting relationships between chromatin factors and features of cancer in regards to cancer biology, and cancer therapy. These insights could set the stage for follow up functional and clinical studies.
Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Dressing in Total Joint Arthroplasty: what is the evidence? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wei Wen-Xing , Zeng Yi , Liu Yuan , Li Ming-Yang , Wu Yuan-gang , Shen Bin
Published: January 2020

Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether incisional negative pressure therapy dressing (iNPWT) has an advantage over conventional wound dressing (CWD) on wound healing for patients with total joint arthroplasty (TJA)MethodsWe searched the electronic databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE via Ovid SP, Medline via Ovid SP, to screening published randomized controlled trials and high-quality cohort studies reported that incisional negative pressure therapy dressing applied in hip and knee arthroplasty. We analyzed the overall complications, major and minor complications, dressing changes, infection rate, and the rate of reoperation. The relevant data was analyzed by RevMan5.3.Results Six studies met our criteria, and included 1405 incisions in 971 participants with total joint arthroplasty which were randomized either to incisional negative pressure therapy dressing group (n=578) or to conventional wound dressing group (n=827) .The risk for developing a minor complication between two groups was not significantly different (risk ratio [RR] 0.58, p =0.40) and for major complication was also not significantly different (RR 0.71, p =0.39). In terms of dressing changes, the iNPWT was fewer than the control group ( P <0.05). The effect of rate of infection and reoperation was not significantly different (RR 0.65, p =0.27).Conclusions For patients underwent TJA, applying iNPWT may be associated with fewer dressing change, which maybe mean less exudation. There was no significant difference on the rate of infection and reoperation, and experiencing either minor or major complications between participants in whom iNPWT versus CWD were used for wound. However, more high-quality randomized or non-randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and cost-effectiveness analysis are required.
New insights about myofibrillar myopathies: the role of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in the pathogenesis
Authors: Carvalho Alzira Alves de Siqueira , Silva Vinicius Gomes , Corazzini Roseli , Silva Alan Patricio , Lacene Emmanuelle
Published: January 2020

Background There are few reports suggesting that gene expression and activation of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are deregulated. MMP-2 and MMP-9 represent the two MMPs, which degrade type IV collagen, the component of basement membrane.Methods We analyzed the involvement of gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, in the pathogenesis of myofibrillar myopathy (MFM). Muscle specimens from 23 patients well diagnosed with MFM, were immunostained by MMP-2 and MMP-9. We analyzed qualitatively the immunoexpression in three compartments: subsarcolemmal (SSC), intracytoplasmic (ICC) and perinuclear (PNC).Results 95,7% and 100% samples showed MMP-2 and MMP-9 upregulation ICC, respectively. PNC showed MMP-2 (82,6%) and MMP-9 (8,7%) regulation (p<0.001). SSC and ICC did not present statistical significance. There was no correlation between mutated gene and immunohistochemical pattern distribution.Conclusion Our results suggest that MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 could participate in the pathomechanism of MFM, causing damage of sarcomere and deposition of protein aggregates.
Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood
Authors: Shi Xiaohong , Wang Hong , Wang Xin , Jing Huaiqi , Duan Ran , Qin Shuai , Lv Dongyue , Fan Yufeng , Huang Zhenzhou , Stirling B. Kyle , Zhang Lei , Wang Jiazheng
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe increasing rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) caused nosocomial infections generate significant comorbidity and sometime cause death among patients. Current treatment options are limited. These infections pose great difficulties for infection control and clinical treatment. This study identifies the antimicrobial resistance, carbapenemases and genetic relatedness of A. baumannii isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood in a hospital in Shandong, China. Methods A total of 50 nonrepetitive CSF A. baumannii isolates and 44 blood isolates were collected. The resistance phenotypes were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. We performed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) experiments to detect the carbapenem resistance mechanism. Finally, we conducted Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) to depict the genetic relatedness of these isolates. Results We observed that eighty-eight of the 94 isolates collected were resistant to imipenem or meropenem. Among them, the bla OXA-23 gene was the most prevalent carbapenemase gene with a 91.5% (86/94) detection rate, followed by the bla OXA-24 gene that showed a 2.1% (2/94) detection rate isolates. Among all CRAB observations in this study, isolates with the bla OXA-23 gene were resistant to both imipenem and meropenem. However, isolates positive for the bla OXA-24 gene but negative for the bla OXA-23 gene showed an imipenem-sensitive but meropenem-resistant phenotype. The outcome of multilocus sequence typing analysis showed 21 different STs were distinguished, of which ST195 (25.5%), ST540 (12.8%) and ST208 (11.7%) were most frequently observed. Eighty of the 94 isolates (85.1%) were clustered into CC92, and all CC92 isolates showed a carbapenem resistance phenotype (except AB13). Five novel STs were detected, and most of them were CRAB, some of which belonged to CC92. Conclusion A high level of carbapenem resistance was detected in this study. The CC92 and bla OXA-23 gene were predominant. Five novel STs were detected, and these new STs require further investigation to understand the nature of and to prevent outbreaks caused by A. baumannii . Our study provides additional observations and epidemiological data of CSF and blood A. baumannii strains, which may improve future infection control measures and aid in potential clinical treatment in hospitals and other clinical settings.
Nucleated red blood cell and its specific fluctuations are risk factors of 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality in ICU patients: an observational cohort study
Authors: Wang Jing , Yuan Yuan , Jin Xiaxia , Shen Bo , Lu Guoguang
Published: January 2020

Background Little was known about the first occurrence time of Nucleated red blood cell (NRBC)and the persistent duration of the positive results in ICU patients, nor the dynamic changes of NRBC count and quantified predictive value of NRBC for mortality in ICU patients. We hypothesized that the persistent presence of NRBC in ICU patients would be associated with all-cause mortality and death patients would have specific NRBC fluctuations compared to survival ones.Methods A total of 224 newly admitted ICU patients in our hospital were collected and were followed up to 90 days after admission to ICU. Biological information, clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators and dynamic changes of NRBC count was compared between survival group and death group. Factors plausibly interact with both NRBC and outcome were included in logistic regression analysis to explore the risk factors of 28-day and 90-day mortality,ROC curve were drawn to determine the predictive value of NRBC for 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality for ICU patients.Results NRBC was positively correlated with NRBC-positive duration days, APACHE II score, SOFA score, CCI, CRP, PCT and RDW. The 28-day mortality and 90-day were 15.0%,31.3%, 41.2%, 56.7% and 32.7%,52.9%, 59.4%, 80.0% in patients with 0/μL, 1–100/μL, 101–200/μL and more than 200/μL NRBC,respectively.NRBC in the death group had a rapid upward trend before death, while those in the survival group were stable at low levels.NRBC was a robust predictor of 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality following multivariable adjustment. The adjusted odds of 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality in patients with more than 200/μL NRBC were 5.087(95% CI, 1.960-13.202) and 4.922(95% CI, 1.369-17.703), relative to patients without NRBC. Area under the curve(AUC) of predicting 28-day all-cause mortality and 90-day all-cause mortality by NRBC were 0.685 and 0.670, and NRBC had high predictive values for sepsis patients and non-respiratory failure patients.Conclusion In ICU patients especially sepsis patients and non-respiratory failure patients, the presence of NRBC is a robust predictor of 28-day all-cause mortality and 90-day all-cause mortality. Specific NRBC fluctuations were found in death patients compared to survival ones.
Identification of differentially expressed circulating exosomal lncRNAs in IgA nephropathy patients
Authors: Yang Qiongqiong , Guo Na , Zhou Qin , Huang Xiang , Yu Jianwen , Han Qianqian , Nong Baoting , Xiong Yuanyan , Liang Peifeng , Li Jiajia , Feng Min , Lv Jun
Published: January 2020

Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most prevalent primary glomerular disease. Non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed for IgAN diagnosis. We investigate the difference in expression profiles of exosomal long non-coding-RNAs (lncRNAs) in plasma from IgAN patients compared with their healthy first-degree relatives, which may reveal novel non-invasive IgAN biomarkers. Methods: Exosomes were isolated from the plasma of IgAN patients and their healthy first-degree relatives. High-throughput RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate lncRNA expression profiles. Pathway enrichment analysis was used to predict their nearest protein-coding genes. Results: lncRNA-G21551 was significantly down-regulated in IgAN patients. The nearest protein-coding gene was found to be encoding the low affinity receptor of the Fc segment of immunoglobulin G (FCGR3B). Conclusion: Exosomal lncRNA-G21551, with FCGR3B as the nearest protein-coding gene, was down-regulated in IgAN patients, indicating its potential to serve as a non-invasive biomarker for IgAN.
Halogens in amphibole and mica from mantle xenoliths: Implications for the halogen distribution and halogen budget of the metasomatized continental lithosphere
Authors: Hecker Johannes G. , Marks Michael A.W. , Wenzel Thomas , Markl Gregor
Published: January 2020

This study reports halogen contents (F and Cl) of amphibole and phlogopite derived from mantle xenoliths and one peridotite massif, for amphibole and phlogopite megacrysts and ultramafic magmatic cumulates (hornblendites) found in alkaline volcanic rocks from 12 localities in Europe and Africa. Amphibole and phlogopite contain more F than Cl with F/Cl ratios reaching about 160 in phlogopites and 50 in amphiboles. Phlogopites are higher in F (median of 3400 μg/g) than amphibole (median of 1000 μg/g), while median Cl contents are higher in amphibole (290 μg/g) compared to phlogopite (180 μg/g).

The Cl contents and the F/Cl ratios in amphibole and phlogopite from mantle xenoliths exhibit large differences between samples of the same region, recording very large variations of halogen contents in the continental lithosphere. We suggest that the halogen content in such samples largely depends on the initial composition of percolating melts and fluids in the continental lithosphere. During reaction of these agents with peridotitic wall-rocks, Cl is preferentially retained in the fluid as it is much more incompatible compared to water and F. This desiccation effect continuously increases salinity (Cl content) and decreases the F/Cl ratio in the agent with time, causing variable Cl contents and F/Cl ratios in amphibole and phlogopite at a specific locality. Subsequent partial melting processes may then sequester and re-distribute, especially Cl among amphibole, phlogopite and melts/fluids as a result of its strong incompatibility, whereas F is much less affected as it behaves slightly compatible. The impact of even small amounts of amphibole and mica on the total halogen budget in the continental lithosphere is significant and both minerals can effectively contribute to the high halogen contents typical of alkaline melts.
L’Echo de la Violence en Milieu Scolaire Dans le Roman Intitulé Un Elève De Trop de Julia Jarman
Authors: BACHRİ Chada , AYTEKİN Halil
Published: January 2020

Dans le présent article, nous avons essayé d’aborder la conception de la violence entre élèves à l’école. Le choix de ce sujet n’était pas au hasard. Car, chacun de nous peut à tout moment être exposé à tout genre de violence soit verbal, physique, psychologique, social ou sexuel. Comme nous avons le souci de ne pas pouvoir traiter ces phénomènes si importants d’une façon adéquate, nous avons choisi de nous limiter dans l’exclusion et la violence entre élèves qui est le thème principal du roman que nous avons tenté d’analyser. Dans Le roman intitulé « Un Élève de Trop » écrit par Julia Jarman, nous avons examiné le thème de la violence en mettant en évidence l’histoire de Danny, le personnage principal du roman, qui subit toutes sortes de violence à l’école ou à l’extérieur. Dans cette histoire, l’exclusion, le harcèlement et l’isolement arrivent à un niveau incontrôlable, les cinq élèves harcèlent Danny au point qu’il veuille mourir. L’histoire de Danny nous a permis d’une part de mettre le doigt sur les causes de la violence et ses effets affreux et d’autre part d’attirer l’attention sur le fait que les familles et les établissements scolaires s’y sensibilisent. La violence en milieu scolaire est un phénomène universel dont les conséquences sont préjudiciables non seulement aux enfants, mais aussi à l'ensemble de la société. De ce fait, tout le monde doit être sensible à ce danger. Pour mener ce travail qualitatif, nous avons utilisé la méthode de l’analyse du document.
XV. Yüzyılda Muhammed Tarafından Yazılan Manzum Sîret’ten Bahseden Çalışmalar ve Sîret’in Nüsha Kayıtları-II
Authors: ESİR Hasan
Published: January 2020

Sîret, XV. yüzyılda Muhammed adlı bir müellif tarafından yazılmıştır. İncelenen kaynaklarda Muhammed hakkında bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Sîret’in yurt içinde ve yurt dışında çok sayıda yazma nüshası bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca 19. yüzyılın sonları ile 20. yüzyılın başlarında taş baskıları da yapılmıştır. Nüshaların pek çoğu, müellifi tespit edilemeyecek kadar eksiktir. Müellifi bilinenlerin de bir kısmı dikkatsizlik nedeniyle kayıtlara farklı adlarla geçirilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda eserin adı yirmi iki, müellifinin adı da yirmi farklı şekilde kayıtlara geçirilmiştir. Bu karışıklık nedeniyle eser üzerinde yapılan kimi çalışmalarda yanlışlar göze çarpmaktadır. Sîret’in zaman içinde istinsahı ve taş baskıları yapılırken esere ekleme ve çıkarmalar yapıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu durum ortaya sağlam bir metnin konulmasını güçleştirmektedir. Makalede Sîret’ten bahseden çalışmalar hakkında bilgi verilecek ve tespit edilen nüshaların kayıtları değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca kayıtlardaki eksikler ve yanlışlar araştırılarak yanlış kayıtların sebepleri anlatılacaktır.
Inclusive development in the national tourist system: case of Ukraine
Authors: Okhrimenko Alla , Bovsh Liudmila
Published: January 2020

The sustainable development of tourism, which provides for natural and cultural and historical resource-saving and increase, observing the environmental standards becomes dominant and is a requirement for tourism successful development. The main direction of sustainable tourism development within a certain country – national tourist system (NTS) is inclusiveness. According to the results of human and inclusive development indicators, the volumes of employment in tourism, there were defined the problems of Ukraine concerning the insufficient level of human development, the presence of displaced population from the military actions zone and the population that suffers from grievances and has features of poverty. It is emphasized that NTS can implement the inclusive business models through such key foundations: Particular attention is paid to substantiating the mutual satisfaction of the economic interests of stakeholders when forming the NTS inclusive business models. There was elaborated the vision of possible key strategies of business entities for expanding the economic opportunities in the context of inclusive development. According to the study results, there was presented the architectonics of the interaction of NTS subjects when implementing the inclusive business models, where the groups of stakeholders, directions, forms of activity, and possible effects of their implementation were defined. Attention is paid to the need for further systemic studies of the considered problem in response to challenges and threats to tourism as a global social, environmental, and economic phenomenon.
Política educacional no ensino superior: reflexões sobre a contribuição da assistência estudantil da UFRPE
Authors: Macedo Juliana Cavalcanti , Abranches Ana de Fátima Pereira de Sousa
Published: January 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como principal objetivo analisar a política de assistência estudantil da UFRPE (Sede), a partir da percepção dos estudantes beneficiados. A investigação se baseou no método quali-quanti. Dessa forma, foram aplicados questionários e realizadas entrevistas com os estudantes assistidos. O estudo revelou que a maioria dos estudantes avalia como boa a política de assistência estudantil da UFRPE, assim como, afirma que a assistência estudantil contribui muito para a sua permanência na universidade. Contudo, também revela algumas situações que precisam ser reavaliadas e melhoradas.
Militarización de la escuela chilena a principios del siglo XX. El modelo alemán Bávaro en tierras Mapuches
Authors: Sepúlveda Juan Mansilla , Gutiérrez Catalina Rivera
Published: January 2020

ResumenEste artículo busca comprender la actuación pedagógica de los misioneros capuchinos bávaros y el disciplinamiento que ejercieron a través de las escuelas misionales e internados de los cuerpos de niños mapuches. La investigación es de carácter exploratoria-descriptiva y analiza fuentes primarias, escritas y visuales, encontradas en archivos en Chile y Alemania. Los resultados del estudio evidencian rasgos militares en ideario formativo capuchino, lo que se evidencia en las vestimentas y modos de disposición del cuerpo a las que fueron obligados a practicar niños mapuches en la primera mitad del siglo XX en la región de la Araucanía en Chile. Palabras clave: educación militarizada-capuchinos alemanes- niños mapuche- disciplinamiento del cuerpoSumárioEste artigo procura investigar a prática pedagógica dos missionários capuchinhos da Baviera e a disciplina que exerceram nos corpos das crianças mapuche, dentro das escolas missionárias e internatos. A pesquisa é exploratória e descritiva e analisa as principais fontes escritas e visuais encontradas em arquivos no Chile e na Alemanha. Os resultados do estudo mostram características militares na ideologia formativa capuchinha, evidenciadas pelas maneiras pelas quais as crianças mapuche foram forçadas a viver na primeira metade do século XX na região de Araucanía, no Chile.Palavras-chave: educação militarizada-capuchinhos alemães- crianças mapuche- disciplina corporalAbstractThis article aims to understand the pedagogical performance of the Bavarian Capuchin missionaries and the discipline they exercised of the bodies of Mapuche children through the missionary and school boardings. The research is exploratory-descriptive and analyzes primary sources, written and visual, found in archives in Chile and Germany. The results of the study show military features in a Capuchin formative ideology, which is evidenced in the clothing and body disposition modes to which Mapuche children were forced to practice in the first half of the 20th century in the Araucanía region of Chile.Keywords: militarized education-German Capuchins- Mapuche children- Body discipline
Role of microRNA and Long Non-Coding RNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Meenakshi , Chandan Kumari , Sarwat Maryam
Published: January 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about 80-90% of all liver cancers and is found to be the
third most common cause of cancer mortality in the Asia-Pacific region. Risk factors include hepatitis B and C
virus, cirrhosis, aflatoxin-contaminated food, alcohol, and diabetes. Surgically removing the tumor tissue seems
effective but a high chance of recurrence has led to an urgent need to develop novel molecules for the treatment
of HCC. Clinical management with sorafenib is found to be effective but it is only able to prolong survival for a
few months. Various side effects like gastrointestinal and abdominal pain, hypertension, and hemorrhage are also
associated with sorafenib, which calls for the unmet need of effective therapies against HCC. Similarly, the genetic
mechanisms behind the occurrence of HCC are still unknown and need to be expounded further for developing
newer candidates. Since unearthing the concept of these variants, transcriptomics has revealed the role of noncoding
RNAs (ncRNAs) in many cellular, physiological and pathobiological processes. They are also found to be
widely associated and abundantly expressed in a variety of cancer. Aberrant expression and mutations are closely
related to tumorigenesis and metastasis and hence are classified as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for
the treatment of cancer, including HCC. Herein, this review summarises the relationship between ncRNAs and
hepatocellular carcinoma.
Bio-reduction of Graphene Oxide: Catalytic Applications of (Reduced) GO in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Rai Vijai K. , Mahata Suhasini , Kashyap Hemant , Singh Manorama , Rai Ankita
Published: January 2020

This work is based on various bio-reduction of graphene oxide into reduced graphene oxide and
their applications in organic synthesis and group transformations. Graphene oxide, with abundant oxygencontaining
functional groups on its basal plane, provides potential advantages, including excellent dispersibility
in solvents and the good heterogeneous catalyst. This manuscript reviews various methods of synthesis of
graphene and graphene oxide and a comparative study on their advantages and disadvantages, how to
overcome disadvantages and covers extensive relevant literature review. In the last few years, investigation
based on replacing the chemical reduction methods by some bio-compatible, chemical/impurity-free rGO
including flash photo reductions, hydrothermal dehydration, solvothermal reduction, electrochemical approach,
microwave-assisted reductions, light and radiation-induced reductions has been reported. Particularly, plant
extracts have been applied significantly as an efficient reducing agent due to their huge bioavailability and low
cost for bio-reduction of graphene oxide. These plant extracts mainly contain polyphenolic compounds, which
readily get oxidized to the corresponding unreactive quinone form, which are the driving force for choosing
them as bio-compatible catalyst. Currently, efforts are being made to develop biocompatible methods for the
reduction of graphene oxide. The reduction abilities of such phytochemicals have been reported in the
synthesis and stabilization of various nanoparticles viz. Ag, Au, Fe and Pd. Various part of plant extract has
been applied for the green reduction of graphene oxide. Furthermore, the manuscript describes the catalytic
applications of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as efficient carbo-catalysts for valuable
organic transformations. Herein, important works dedicated to exploring graphene-based materials as carbocatalysts,
including GO and rGO for organic synthesis including various functional group transformations,
oxidation, reduction, coupling reaction and a wide number of multicomponent reactions have been highlighted.
Finally, the aim of this study is to provide an outlook on future trends and perspectives for graphene-based
materials in metal-free carbo-catalysis in green synthesis of various pharmaceutically important moieties.
Analysis of Routine and Integrative Data from Clostridioides difficile Infection Diagnosis and the Consequent Observations
Authors: Piatti Gabriella , Bruzzone Marco , Fontana Vincenzo , Ceppi Marcello
Published: January 2020

Background:

Clostridioides difficileInfection (CDI) is an acute disease that needs a fast proper treatment. Unfortunately, the diagnosis, and above all the understanding of the results, remain arduous.

Objective:

This study analyzed routine and integrative results of all fecal samples from patients over time. Our aim was to understand the dynamics of CDI infection and the meaning of “difficult to interpret” results, to make physicians better understand the various tools they can use.

Methods:

We evaluated routine results obtained from 815 diarrheal stools with Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) that detectsC. difficileGlutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and toxin B. We also reanalyzed a part of samples using integrative tests: a Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) forC. difficiletoxin B gene (tcdB) and the automated immunoassay VIDASC. difficilesystem for GDH and toxins A/B.

Results:

EIA GDH positivity increased through multiple testing over time, with aPvalue <0.001, depicting a sort of bacterial growth curve. Eighty-five percent of GDH positive/toxin B negative,i.e., discrepant, samples PCR weretcdBpositive, 61.5% of discrepanttcdBpositive samples were VIDAS toxins A/B positive, and 44.4% of GDH EIA negative stools were VIDAS GDH positive.

Conclusion:

The results confirmed the low sensitivity of the EIA system forC. difficileGDH and toxins, questioned the use of the latter for concluding any CDI diagnostic algorithm, and led us to indicate the algorithm beginning with tcdB molecular research, and continuing in positive cases with VIDAS CD GDH method, as the most effective for CDI.