bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High nature value farmlands: challenges in identification and interpretation using Cyprus as a case study
Authors: Zomeni Maria , Martinou Angeliki , Stavrinides Menelaos , Vogiatzakis Ioannis
Published: December 2018

High Nature Value Farmland systems (HNVf) in Europe are recognised for their importance for biodiversity conservation and their extent is one of the impact indicators in the CAP monitoring and evaluation framework for the 2014–2020 cycle. Due to differences in farming typologies and data availability between nations, a common methodology for identifying HNVf does not exist, nor is considered appropriate. In the current study we use the Mediterranean island of Cyprus as a case study to highlight EU-wide issues for the identification and mapping of HNVf. We brought together under a common spatial framework datasets on farming typology, agro-chemical inputs, water use intensity and biodiversity data collected from public authorities and nature/biodiversity conservation organisations. Using an expert driven approach informed by a range of stakeholders, we identified and mapped potential HNVf areas employing a 1 km2 mapping grid as the reporting spatial framework under two storylines for defining farmland area within every grid cell: a liberal with 10% threshold and a conservative with 25% threshold. Areas containing potentially HNVf may extend from 22.5–34.5% of the island, depending on the storyline employed. HNVf Type I is the more restricted type for both storylines, while Type II is the most extensive. The highest overlap was between Type II and Type III for the liberal storyline and between Type I and II for the conservative storyline. HNVfs cover an area between 30 to 57% of the Natura2000 network on the island depending on the storyline. With the liberal storyline for farmland definition, the spatial extent of HNVfs together with the existing Natura2000 sites cover 90% of the study area, while with the conservative storyline this figure drops to ca.75%. The results confirm the role of HNVfs within and around Natura2000 sites in Cyprus and their potential for providing connection and site buffering opportunities, particularly in the lowlands, while they can provide information about policy-making for agri-environmental payments targeting.
Le convoyeur vers nulle part
Authors: Gilkerson Sarah , Guernic Katell , Donner Nicolas
Published: December 2018

L’histoire du Sahara occidental est aussi contestée que son territoire. Tout en resituant l’enjeu qu’a représenté l’exploitation des mines de phosphate dans le conflit pour le Sahara occidental, cet article s’attache à montrer le rôle essentiel que ces mines ont joué dans l’affirmation d’une identité et d’une communauté politique sahraouie. L’émergence d’une classe ouvrière dans les cités minières et les liens tissés entre les mineurs et la résistance indépendantiste permettent en effet de comprendre la formation et la cristallisation d’une identité politique dont les actes de sabotage perpétrés dans les mines ont constitué des événements fondateurs. Des événements dont la mémoire demeure prégnante et agissante, aujourd’hui encore, dans les camps de réfugiés sahraouis en Algérie. Cet article s’attache ainsi à montrer comment les mineurs et le contexte minier ont joué un rôle central dans la manière dont s’est façonnée l’identité politique sahraouie dans sa lutte et ses revendications pour accéder à la souveraineté.
État, pouvoirs locaux et insécurités au Sahel
Authors: Mohamadou Abdoulaye
Published: December 2018

Cet article vise à montrer que les approches politiques choisies par les États du Niger et du Mali pour intégrer les communautés locales dans le projet d’État-nation ont produit des trajectoires différenciées, lesquelles permettent d’expliquer en partie les situations contrastées observées aujourd’hui dans les deux pays. En institutionnalisant la chefferie traditionnelle, devenue partie intégrante de l’État, le Niger a mieux intégré les communautés locales que ne l’a fait le Mali, où l’administration territoriale a tenu un rôle dominant au niveau local. Dans les deux pays, les processus de décentralisation mis en œuvre dans un contexte post-conflit ont servi de catalyseur pour arbitrer les luttes de positionnement dans les arènes locales, tout en favorisant l’émergence de nouvelles relations avec l’État.
Réponse au texte « Gratuité des soins ? Ce qu’il faudrait prouver… » de Joseph Brunet-Jailly
Authors: Olivier de Sardan Jean-Pierre , Ridde Valery
Published: December 2018

Joseph Brunet-Jailly développe longuement deux mises en cause radicales de notre posture générale, qui sont à notre avis totalement infondées, soit parce qu’elles nous font dire le contraire de ce que nous disons, soit parce qu’il se trompe quant aux questions méthodologiques. D’autre part, il critique toute une série de points particuliers de l’ouvrage, en faisant de nombreux contresens sur nos propos, en ignorant nos arguments ou en méconnaissant la littérature scientifique sur le sujet.
Vers un rétrécissement des horizons d’attente en Turquie
Authors: Pérouse Jean-François , Benhaim Yohanan , Ressler-Fessy Nicolas
Published: December 2018

Installé à Istanbul, Jean-François Pérouse est maître de conférences à l’Université Toulouse-II. Etudiant les transformations de la scène politique turque autant que celles de la mégapole stambouliote depuis plus de deux décennies, il est l’auteur de deux ouvrages parus récemment : Istanbul Planète, la ville-monde du XXI e siècle (éditions La Découverte, 2017) et Erdo ğ an, nouveau père de la Turquie (avec Nicolas Cheviron, deuxième édition réactualisée chez François Bourin, 2017). Dans cet entretien accordé à Confluences Méditerranée , il revient sur le bilan qu’il est possible de tirer des élections générales de juin 2018, sur les reconfigurations du pouvoir de l’AKP à travers sa convergence avec l’extrême droite nationaliste et sur l’état du mouvement kurde trois ans après le renouveau du conflit entre l’Etat turc et le PKK.
Tayyip Erdoğan et les jeunes militants de l’AKP : Identification et coproduction d’une figure de leader
Authors: Bozan Ayşegül
Published: December 2018

Cet article approche la question de l’autoritarisme politique par le biais d’une analyse qualitative des représentations politiques des jeunes militants de l’AKP concernant leur leader Tayyip Erdoğan. Il examine particulièrement trois questions : comment les jeunes militants s’identifient-ils au leader politique ? Comment ce dernier cadre-t-il et modifie-t-il les opinions et représentations ? Et enfin, comment les militants contribuent-ils à la consolidation du pouvoir du leader en cadrant et faisant circuler continuellement son image ?
The Restructuring of civil-military relations during the AKP period
Authors: Akça İsmet
Published: December 2018

Le pouvoir politique de l’armée a été considérablement limité sous le règne de l’AKP. Or, les réformes réalisées en vue de redonner la priorité au pouvoir civil ont abouti non pas à une démocratisation mais à l’instauration d’une nouvelle forme d’autoritarisme. En l’absence de mécanismes de contrôle démocratique, l’armée a continué à être à la fois l’acteur et l’arène de conflits politiques dont l’exacerbation a été la “tentative de coup d’État” du 15 juillet 2016. Les nouvelles régulations concernant l’armée, instaurées dans le cadre de l’état d’urgence et de la présidentialisation du régime ont mis l’armée sous la surveillance d’acteurs civils et sont loin d’assurer un contrôle démocratique sur celle-ci. Au contraire, cette surveillance civile a été concentrée dans les mains d’un super-président dans le contexte d’une forme d’État autoritaire spécifique.
Les reconfigurations de la politique turque en Afrique subsaharienne dans le cadre de la lutte du gouvernement AKP contre le mouvement Gülen : le cas sénégalais
Authors: Angey Gabrielle
Published: December 2018

Entre 1997 et 2013, le mouvement Gülen a ouvert près de 100 écoles dans environ 50 pays africains. Ce faisant, il s’appuyait sur une collaboration avec le gouvernement turc de l’AKP (Adaletve Kalkınma Partisi, Parti de la Justice et du Développement). Mais un conflit politique émergea fin 2013 en Turquie, pour atteindre son acmé le 15 juillet 2016, lors d’une tentative de coup d’État attribuée aux « FETÖ » (Fethullaçı Terör Örgütü, « Organisation terroriste güleniste »). Dès lors, le gouvernement turc s’est évertué à étendre sa répression par-delà ses frontières et notamment en Afrique subsaharienne. L’article souligne le mimétisme de l’action de l’État turc largement tributaire de l’action antérieurement menée par le mouvement Gülen. En retour, cette répression conduit à la reconfiguration du mouvement Gülen selon les contextes nationaux. Dans le cas d’étude sénégalais présenté dans l’article, il est possible de constater que le fait que ce mouvement musulman transnational repose sur le secret et l’informalité permet une relative résilience dans un contexte de répression à l’échelle internationale.
Réformer et réprimer dans l’Arabie de Bin Salman : les dessous d’une opération d’infitah paradoxale et risquée
Authors: Bassiouni Moustapha
Published: December 2018

Cet article aborde les paradoxes de la nouvelle donne dans l’Arabie saoudite du prince héritier Mohammed Bin Salman. Elle est caractérisée par une série de mesures d’infit sociale et culturelle inédites parallèlement à la remise en question de l’héritage wahhabite de la monarchie des Al-Saoud. Cette orientation politique favorise également les expressions libérales harmonieuses avec l’agenda du pouvoir. Mais la vaste opération de réforme lancée en 2016 révèle aussi ses limites. Les répressions subies par la société civile en 2017 et 2018, et récemment le meurtre du journaliste Jamal Khashoggi, ont montré le revers du changement voulu par le despote modernisateur de Ryad. Les contradictions de la politique du jeune émir ont mis en évidence les aspects de la libéralisation de l’autoritarisme saoudien.
Quels effets des mesures d’égalité professionnelle, en fonction de leur difficulté d’appropriation ? Une étude de cas
Authors: Coron Clotilde
Published: December 2018

Les entreprises ont de nombreuses obligations légales sur l’égalité dans les salaires ou l’accès aux responsabilités. Pourtant, les inégalités persistent. La perspective appropriative des outils de gestion nous offre une première piste de compréhension de ce paradoxe en soulignant qu’une mesure définie par l’entreprise et nécessitant un travail d’appropriation par les acteurs locaux pourra faire l’objet de détournements, de modifications. Dans notre travail, qui repose sur une étude de cas, nous cherchons à lier la notion d’appropriation à l’évaluation quantifiée des effets. Nous définissons des hypothèses testables empiriquement et quantitativement sur les effets des mesures prises par l’entreprise à partir de la perspective appropriative et d’une étude qualitative. Nous montrons ainsi que, dans le cas étudié, plus les mesures nécessitent un travail d’appropriation important, moins elles ont d’effets quantifiés sur l’égalité dans les salaires ou l’accès aux responsabilités.
De qui mesure-t-on l’intégration ? Remigration des immigrés et insertion professionnelle en France
Authors: Caron Louise
Published: December 2018

La plupart des études quantitatives sur l’immigration en France font l’hypothèse implicite que les immigrés s’installent de façon permanente dans le pays de destination. Pourtant, beaucoup d’entre eux repartent, soit pour rentrer dans leur pays d’origine, soit pour se rendre dans un pays tiers. Cet article analyse ces mécanismes de remigration ainsi que leurs conséquences empiriques et méthodologiques pour l’étude du devenir des immigrés en France. Le large panel administratif de l’Échantillon démographique permanent donne l’opportunité d’examiner les sorties du territoire entre 1975 et 1999. Ces analyses montrent que les immigrés qui repartent sont caractérisés par des situations familiales et professionnelles spécifiques, ce qui pourrait affecter la validité des études sur l’intégration. En comparant l’évolution de l’accès à l’emploi des immigrés à partir d’estimations transversales et de panel, on montre néanmoins que les mesures standards de l’insertion professionnelle de ces derniers par rapport aux natifs sont peu biaisées par un phénomène de remigration sélective. Cette démarche méthodologique invite à interroger le postulat classique de la migration permanente quand on analyse quantitativement les processus d’intégration.
Persistent infection by Salmonella enterica servovar Typhimurium: are synbiotics a therapeutic option? – a case report
Authors: Piatek J. , Sommermeyer H. , Bernatek M. , Ciechelska-Rybarczyk A. , Oleskow B. , Mikkelsen L. Sommer , Barken K. Bundvig
Published: December 2018

Little is known about the prevalence of persistent human infections by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS). Recently published study results indicate that a small fraction (at least 2.2%) of NTS-infected patients continue to shed Salmonella for an extended period of time (up to years). Despite the recommendation not to use antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated NTS-Salmonella infection, little treatment guidance is available. Clinical findings from a NTS-patient indicate that administration of synbiotics (probiotic bacteria plus prebiotic) might be considered as a treatment option. We report data of a patient who was treated with a synbiotic preparation containing nine different probiotic bacteria and the prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Starting from day one of the treatment, the patient experienced an improvement of symptoms and was symptom-free at the end of a 10 days treatment course. After finishing the treatment, the stool proved to be Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium negative. In vitro pathogenic inhibition studies showed the inhibitory effects of the multistrain synbiotic mixture against S. Typhimurium. Growth of S. Typhimurium was also inhibited by individual bacterial strains making part of the composition of the mixture. However, he inhibitory effects of individual strains varied significantly, with those of Streptococcus thermophilus St-21 and Lactobacillus helveticus SP-27 exhibiting the strongest inhibitory effect. Persistent infections by S. Typhimurium are a severe concern for the affected patients. Besides the symptomatic burden, infected persons are banned from work in certain areas (e.g. food related service). In addition, patients with persistent S. Typhimurium infections are a threat for the public health in general, as they serve as a reservoir for NTS transmission. The findings indicate that treatment with a synbiotic preparation might provide a treatment option for persistent S. Typhimurium infections. More clinical data have to be gathered to confirm the relevance of this potential treatment approach.
The nutritional role of insects as food: a case study of ‘chitoumou’ (Cirina butyrospermi), an edible caterpillar in rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Cox S. , Payne C. , Badolo A. , Attenborough R. , Milbank C.
Published: December 2018

Insects are frequently promoted as a nutritious food. Yet they are a diverse class, and few data are available on their dietary role. In this paper, we present novel data on the nutritional role of ‘chitoumou’, the edible caterpillarCirina butyrospermi, in the diet of rural smallholder farmers in southwestern Burkina Faso. We collected detailed dietary data via 24-h recall interviews (n=64), which we conducted with women who were predominantly responsible for making decisions on food preparation for their households (n=16) during and out of caterpillar season. We found that ethnicity did not predict caterpillar consumption. Diets that contained caterpillars were richer in protein (P<0.05) and calcium (P<0.05), key nutrients for combating malnutrition in this region. We conclude that edible insects play an important nutritional role among smallholder communities in southwestern Burkina Faso, but that more data are required to confirm the bioavailability of nutrients found in caterpillars, the effect of the cooking process on caterpillar nutritional quality and consequent health outcomes for people that consume them. To inform policy and the way in which insects are promoted as food, it is imperative that further research is done to quantify the nutritional role of edible insects in current human diets.
Evaluating Microkeratome Efficacy by 3D Corneal Lamellar Flap Thickness Accuracy and Reproducibility Using Artemis VHF Digital Ultrasound Arc-scanning
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z , Sutton Hugo F S , Srivannaboon Sabong , Silverman Ronald H , Archer Timothy J , Coleman D Jackson
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a method that determines the efficacy of flap creation using a microkeratome.

METHODS: Thirty-six eyes of 18 patients were included in the study, operated by two experienced surgeons using the Moria LSK-One microkeratome. Very high-frequency (VHF) digital ultrasound arc-scanning using Artemis technology was used to measure the Reinstein Flap Thickness Profile created by addition of the preoperative epithelial thickness profile to the postoperative stromal component of the flap. Descriptive statistics revealed central flap thickness accuracy and reproducibility. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine correlations between central flap thickness and preoperative clinical parameters. Three-dimensional flap thickness maps demonstrated the mean, median, standard deviation, and range of thickness.

RESULTS: Intended flap thickness was 160 µm. Mean central flap thickness was 161 µm in the right eye and 166 µm in the left eye. Central reproducibility (standard deviation of the mean) was 30.3 µm, with a range of 106 to 228 µm. Central flap thickness correlated to preoperative corneal thickness measured by VHF digital ultrasound but not by Orbscan. On qualitative analysis, no consistency among eyes was observed in the three-dimensional flap thickness map. Flaps were on average thinner in the center, but not in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS: A systematic qualitative and quantitative statistical evaluation of microkeratome accuracy and reproducibility can be performed by measuring corneal flap thickness with arc-scanning VHF digital ultrasound. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:431-440.]
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment After LASIK for Myopia
Authors: Faghihi Hooshang , Jalali Kamran Hodjat , Amini Ali , Hashemi Hassan , Fotouhi Akbar , Esfahani Mohammad Riazi
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report the characteristics and incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in myopic eyes after LASIK.

METHODS: The medical records of 49 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK were reviewed. The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK was determined and potential risk factors were evaluated.

RESULTS: LASIK was performed on 59,424 eyes with spherical equivalent refraction (SE) ranging from -0.75 to -26.50 diopters (D) (mean: -6.10 ± 3.5 D). Forty-nine eyes developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment between 1.5 and 76 months (mean: 27.3 ± 21.7 months) after LASIK. The mean preoperative refractive error in these eyes was -8. 6 ± 3.9 D. Mean age of these patients was 38.2 ± 11.2 years. Thirty-five (71.4%) patients were male. The cumulative incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was 0.082% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.061-0.109), and the yearly incidence was 0.032% (95% CI: 0.023-0.042) after LASIK. The most frequent location of the retinal breaks was the superior temporal quadrant (22.7%). Male sex, older age, and higher preoperative myopia were significantly related to the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, following the treatment of high-risk peripheral retinal lesions, LASIK did not appear to be an additional risk factor for the development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK in our patients; however, patients should be informed of the possibility of this complication as a consequence of myopia. Patients who are male, older in age, and have high myopia preoperatively may be at increased risk. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:448-452.]
Refractive Surgery in Patients With High Myopic Anisometropia
Authors: Valente Paola , Buzzonetti Luca , Dickmann Anna , Rebecchi Maria Teresa , Petrocelli Gianni , Balestrazzi Emilio
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of LASIK in patients with high myopic anisometropia and to provide specific screening guidelines for anisometropic patients undergoing refractive surgery.

METHODS: Twenty-six eyes of 16 patients with high myopic anisometropia (>3.0 diopters) were enrolled in this study. Complete pre- and postoperative ophthalmologic and orthoptic examinations were performed. The preoperative orthoptic examination was done with glasses and contact lenses. Twenty-two eyes of 13 patients underwent uncomplicated LASIK; the second eye was treated 2 weeks after the first eye. Patients were examined 1 day, 7 days, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

RESULTS: Thirteen patients obtaining good results at red glass bar test (RGB) underwent LASIK without postoperative diplopia; four showed an improvement of the sensorial assessment. Three patients were excluded from surgery because of diplopia with RGB values <4 to 5. LASIK temporarily induced diplopia in the suppressed eye of one patient; however, the diplopia disappeared after surgery of the fixating eye.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high myopic anisometropia and a weak sensorial state who undergo refractive surgery may be at risk for postoperative diplopia. We suggest clinical guidelines to reduce the occurrence of this complication. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:461-466.]
Centration Analysis of Ablation Over the Coaxial Corneal Light Reflex for Hyperopic LASIK
Authors: Chan Colin C K , Wachler Brian S Boxer
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze postoperative topographic centration when the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex was used for laser centration in hyperopic LASIK.

METHODS: Centration photographs of 21 eyes (12 patients) that underwent hyperopic LASIK with centration over the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex were reviewed to determine the distance from the entrance pupil center to the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex. Postoperative ablation centration was determined topographically at day 1 and 3 months by four different methods. The difference between the actual decent ration and the decentration that would have occurred had the ablation been centered over the entrance pupil center was calculated.

RESULTS: The mean deviation of the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex from the entrance pupil center preoperative was 0.34±0.24 mm nasal or 4.5±3.0°. At 1 day, the average decentration was 0.10 mm or 1.3° temporal. The mean decentration that would have occurred if the ablation had been centered over the entrance pupil center was 0.44 mm or 5.5° temporal. At 3 months, the average decentration was 0.07 mm or 0.25° temporal. The mean decentration that would have occurred if the ablation had been centered over the entrance pupil center was 0.45 mm or 5.6° temporal. Mean uncorrected visual acuity (logMAR) improved 3 lines from 0.54±0.14 (20/70) to 0.22±0.17 (20/32). No eye lost >2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA); 2 (10%) eyes lost 1 line of BSCVA at 3-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: Excellent centration in hyperopic ablation is possible even in eyes with positive angle kappa when the ablation is centered over the corneal light reflex. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:467-471.]
Late Traumatic Flap Dislocations After LASIK
Authors: Cheng Arthur C K , Rao Srinivas K , Leung Gloria Y S , Young Alvin L , Lam Dennis S C
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report the management and outcome of late onset traumatic dislocation of LASIK flaps.

METHODS: This retrospective, interventional case series presents three patients with late onset LASIK flap dislocation following mechanical trauma 1 to 7 years postoperatively.

RESULTS: In all cases, the flap was surgically repositioned. Epithelial ingrowth was removed and diffuse lamellar keratitis was treated with an intensive steroid regimen. All patients returned to their preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Aggressive steroid treatment during the perioperative period and meticulous handling of the epithelium are important in preventing further recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS: Laser in situ keratomileusis flaps may experience mechanical dislocation as late as 7 years postoperatively. Diffuse lamellar keratitis and epithelial ingrowth are associated with flap dislodgment. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:500-504.]
Herpes Simplex Keratitis Following Excimer Laser Application
Authors: Lu Chao-Kung , Chen Ko-Hua , Lee Shui-Mei , Hsu Wen-Ming , Lai Jui-Yang , Li Yen-Shien
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report two cases of herpes simplex keratitis following excimer laser application.

METHODS: Two immunocompetent patients with no history of ocular viral infection developed ulcers after LASIK and phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK), respectively.

RESULTS: Antiviral treatment was administered, and the lesions healed within 14 days.

CONCLUSIONS: These two cases suggest that herpes simplex virus was associated with the use of the excimer laser. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:509-511.]
Comparison of LASIK Using the NIDEK EC-5000 Optimized Aspheric Transition Zone (OATz) and Conventional Ablation Profile
Authors: Hori-Komai Yoshiko , Toda Ikuko , Asano-Kato Naoko , Ito Mitsutoshi , Yamamoto Takahiro , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare a new ablation algorithm termed the optimized aspheric transition zone (OATz) with the conventional laser ablation profile for correction of myopic astigmatism.

METHODS: LASIK using OATz profile #6 or using conventional ablation profile was performed on 98 eyes of 53 patients (OATz #6 group) and 111 eyes of 66 patients (control #6 group), respectively. Further, LASIK using OATz profile #5 or using the conventional ablation profile was performed on 109 eyes of 58 patients (OATz #5 group) and 109 eyes of 75 patients (control #5 group), respectively. The effective optical zone, uncorrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, aberrations, contrast sensitivity, and patient satisfaction at 3 months postoperatively were compared between the OATz #6 and control #6 groups and between the OATz #5 and control #5 groups.

RESULTS: The effective optical zones in the OATz #6 group (6.45±0.29 mm) or OATz #5 group (6.40±0.21 mm) were significantly larger than those in the control #6 group (6.33±0.27 mm) or control #5 group (6.26±0.25 mm) (P<.01), respectively. Uncorrected visual acuity and manifest refraction were similar in all groups. The changes in contrast sensitivity were significant and favored the OATz #6 (P<.01) and OATz #5 groups (P<.05). The patient satisfaction survey found no statistical difference at 3 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with the OATz profiles had better visual quality as measured by contrast sensitivity and also had larger effective optical zones as compared with those treated by the conventional ablation profile. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:546-555.]
Validation of the Barraquer Tonometer for High Intraocular Pressure Estimation
Authors: Espana Edgar M , Acosta Ana C , Nose Izuru , Orozco Marcia , Fantes Francisco , Yoo Sofia H , Parel Jean-Marie
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the pneumatonometer and the Tono-Pen XL in a closed ex-vivo system in human eye bank eyes at high intraocular pressures (IOP) and evaluate the validity of high IOP measurements with the Barraquer tonometer.

METHODS: Intraocular pressure was monitored by cannulation of the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity in eight human cadaver eyes (mean donor age: 77.3±4.9 years, range: 72 to 84 years). Intraocular pressure measurements were taken at 50, 65, and 90 mmHg with the Tono-Pen XL and pneumatonometer. Intraocular pressure was raised to 110 mmHg and then the eyes were deflated slowly until they reached 50 mmHg. Pressure readings with the Barraquer tonometer were recorded when the corneal tonometer interface reached the inner and outer rings.

RESULTS: The Tono-Pen XL underestimated IOP, a tendency that was more evident at higher IOP. In contrast, the pneumatonometer was more accurate and reliable at IOP of 50 and 65 mmHg but its readings underestimated IOP at 90 mmHg. The Barraquer tonometer used in this experiment accurately estimated high IOP. A variability of 5.9 mmHg and 5.8 mmHg were recorded for the inner and outer ring, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The Tono-pen XL is an inadequate instrument to assess pressures normally encountered during LASIK flap creation in an ex vivo model using human cadaver eyes. The pneumatonometer and the Barraquer tonometer are accurate instruments at high IOP; however, the pneumatonometer underestimated pressures around 90 mmHg. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:580-584.]
Hyperopic LASIK Retreatments With the Technolas Laser
Authors: Alió Jorge L , Galal Ahmed , Artola Alberto , Ayala Maria José , Merayo Jesus
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and predictability of hyperopic LASIK retreatments.

METHODS: This retrospective, consecutive, non-comparative, observational study included 85 eyes that underwent hyperopic LASIK retreatment with 1-year followup. Complete ophthalmic examination included distance uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), cycloplegic refraction, and pachymetry. Patients were divided into two groups according to the preoperative spherical equivalent refraction: group 1, ≤+3.9 diopters (D) and group 2, ≥+4.0 D.

RESULTS: The UCVA improved from 0.31±0.2 to 0.7±0.2 in group 1 and from 0.2±0.2 to 0.6±0.2 in group 2 following retreatment. Mean spherical equivalent refraction improved from +2.8±0.85 to +0.2±0.9 in group 1 and from +5.3±0.9 to +0.3±1.3 in group 2 after retreatment. In group 1, 32 (72.7%) of 44 eyes had BSCVA ≥20/25, and in group 2, 24 (58.5%) of 41 eyes had BSCVA ≥20/25. After primary hyperopic LASIK, 25 (56.8%) of 44 eyes in group 1 and 19 (46.3%) of 41 eyes in group 2 maintained BSCVA or gained ≥l lines postoperatively in contrast to 21 (47.7%) of 44 eyes in group 1 and 22 (53.9%) of 41 eyes in group 2 after retreatment. In group 1, 11 (25%) of 44 eyes lost ≥ lines of BSCVA after initial hyperopic LASIK compared to 14 (31.8%) of 44 eyes after retreatment. In group 2, 10 (24.4%) of 41 eyes lost ≥2 lines of BSCVA after initial hyperopic LASIK compared to 12 (29.2%) of 41 eyes after retreatment. After hyperopic LASIK retreatment, 31 (70.5%) of 44 eyes in group 1 and 19 (46.4%) of 41 eyes in group 2 were within ±0.5 D of emmetropia. Safety was 0.9 in both groups and efficacy was 0.8 and 0.7 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Complications included epithelial ingrowth of 1 to 3 mm (30%) and flap edge melting (2%).

CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK retreatment improved the refractive results of initial hyperopic LASIK surgery with 20% to 30% of eyes gaining ≥1 lines of BSCVA. The loss of BSCVA was greater after primary hyperopic LASIK than after retreatment. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:596-603.]
Measurement of Contrast Sensitivity and Glare Under Mesopic and Photopic Conditions Following Wavefront-guided and Conventional LASIK Surgery
Authors: Lee Hyung Keun , Choe Chul Myung , Ma Kyoung Tak , Kim Eung Kweon
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare contrast and glare vision in a prospective study of eyes treated using conventional and wavefront-guided LASIK surgery. The reproducibility of a glaremeter device used to quantitatively measure glare and halo was also determined.

METHODS: Ninety-two eyes of 46 patients underwent conventional LASIK surgery and 104 eyes of 52 patients underwent wavefront-guided LASIK surgery. Visual acuity, glare disability measured using a glaremeter, and contrast sensitivity assessed using a Pelli-Robson chart were measured monthly for 6 months postoperatively. Glaremeter testing was performed under both mesopic (5.4+0.4 cd/m
p 2
) and photopic (78.3±4.4 cd/m
p 2
) conditions. To evaluate the reproducibility of the glaremeter, 36 eyes of 18 nonoperated myopic patients were tested.

RESULTS: The coefficient of variation and the reliability coefficient for the glare test were 13.6% and 95.2%, respectively. The glaremeter showed that glare disability under mesopic conditions differed between conventional and wavefront-guided LASIK eyes over 6-month followup (907.5+491.5 vs 986.1+448.0 pixels preoperatively and 1717.1±521.2 vs 1407.8±411.3 pixels at 6 months, P<.0001). At 6 months, contrast sensitivity log values were 1.62+0.31 and 1.78±0.34 for conventional and wavefront-guided LASIK eyes, respectively (P=010). The visual complaint score was lower in the wavefront-guided LASIK group (P= .0116).

CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional ablation, wavefront-guided ablation provided superior outcomes in terms of postoperative glare under mesopic conditions, subjective complaints, and contrast sensitivity. In addition, it appears the glaremeter can be used for clinical quantitative evaluation of glare and halo. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:647-655.]
Correlation Between TGF-β1 in Tears and Corneal Haze Following LASEK and Epi-LASIK
Authors: Long Qin , Chu Renyuan , Zhou Xingtao , Dai Jinhui , Chen Chongda , Rao Srinivas K , Lam Dennis S C
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence and degree of corneal haze formation following laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and epithelial laser in situ keratomileusis (epi-LASIK), and examine its correlation with tear film transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels.

METHODS: This prospective, interventional, clinical trial included 20 eyes (20 patients) randomly assigned to undergo LASEK or epi-LASIK. The level of TGF-β1 in tear fluid was measured preoperatively and 1, 3, and 5 days postoperatively. Corneal haze was graded at 1 and 3 months after surgery, and the relationship with TGF-β1 levels was determined.

RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -4. 50 ±1.44 diopters (D) (range: -1.50 to -6.00 D) for LASEK eyes and -4.90 ±1.26 D (range: -1.75 to -6.00 D) for epi-LASIK eyes. Although mean corneal haze scores at 1 month were significantly higher in LASEK-treated eyes than in epiLASIK treated eyes (P= .031), these scores were similar at 3 months (P=. 608). Tear fluid TGF-β1 levels were similar in LASEK and epi-LASIK eyes before surgery (P=. 458) and significantly higher in the LASEK group at 1, 3, and 5 days postoperatively (P= .015, P= .023, and P= .039, respectively). A positive correlation was noted between tear TGF-β1 levels on the first postoperative day and the degree of corneal haze at 1 month (r=0.501, P=.016).

CONCLUSIONS: Less corneal haze was noted after epiLASIK than LASEK. A positive correlation between corneal haze and tear fluid TGF-β1 levels on the first postoperative day suggest a possible mechanism for the observed difference. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:708-712.]
Topography-guided LASIK With the WaveLight Laser After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Cosar C Banu , Acar Suphi
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report a case of topography-guided LASIK in a patient after previous penetrating keratoplasty.

METHODS: A 20-year-old man who had previous penetrating keratoplasty in his right eye for keratoconus and was intolerant to spectacles and contact lenses underwent topography-guided LASIK.

RESULTS: Three months postoperatively, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/25+2. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/20, with a manifest refraction of +0.25 -0.75 × 40°.

CONCLUSIONS: Topography-guided LASIK is a useful therapeutic modality to address corneal irregularity after penetrating keratoplasty. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:716-719.]
Topography-guided CATz Versus Conventional LASIK for Myopia With the NIDEK EC-5000: A Bilateral Eye Study
Authors: Farooqui Mansoor A , Al-Muammar Abdul Rahman
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the difference in visual acuity, subjective night vision glare, and higher order aberrations in eyes with myopia with or without astigmatism operated with topography-guided customized corneal LASIK and conventional LASIK.

METHODS: This contralateral study includes 46 eyes (23 patients) that underwent topography-guided corneal customized LASIK using the customized aspheric treatment zone (CATz) ablation profile in one eye and conventional LASIK using the NIDEK EC-5000 Advanced Vision Excimer laser system (NAVEX) in the other eye for myopia with or without astigmatism. Patients were masked to which eye underwent topography-guided CATz or conventional LASIK. Postoperative glare and root-mean-square (RMS) values for total higher order aberrations were measured at 1 and 3 months and compared between the two eyes.

RESULTS: No significant difference was noted in uncorrected visual acuity between the two groups at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Of all patients, 81% stated glare was higher in conventionally treated eyes than in the CATz-treated eyes at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The RMS values for total coma (0.2385 vs 0.1522) and spherical aberration (0.2381 vs 0.1058) in conventionally treated and CATz-treated eyes were significantly higher in conventionally treated eyes (P= .029 and P= .004, respectively) at 3-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: Topography-guided corneal customized LASIK with the CATz profile gave better night vision quality as compared to conventional LASIK with expanded treatment zone. Better night vision quality was associated with less induced spherical aberrations and coma postoperatively in the CATz treatment group. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:741-745.]
Hyperopic LASIK With Esiris/Schwind Technology
Authors: Alió Jorge , Galal Ahmed , Ayala Maria José , Artola Alberto
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the refractive and visual outcomes of hyperopic LASIK using Esiris/Schwind technology.

METHODS: This retrospective non-comparative observational study included 106 eyes (65 patients) operated with the Esiris/Schwind laser for hyperopia. Eyes were divided into two groups: group 1, «s+3.99 diopters (D) and group 2, 5* +4.0 D (up to +7.0 D). Visual outcome for distance and near uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuities (BSCVA) (decimal values), cycloplegic refraction, keratometry (K), pachymetry, and complications were evaluated.

RESULTS: In group 1, mean UCVA was 0.4+0.1 preoperatively and 0.8+0.2 6 months postoperatively. Mean BSCVA was 0.9+0.1 preoperatively and 0.9+0.1 6 months postoperatively. Safety index was 1.1 and efficacy index was 0.97. Mean spherical equivalent refraction was +2.33+0.9 D preoperatively and +0.3+0.3 D 6 months postoperatively. Mean K reading was 43.7+1.1 D preoperatively and 45.0+1.6 D 6 months postoperatively. In group 2, mean UCVA was 0.3+0.1 preoperatively and 0.8+0.2 6 months postoperatively. Mean BSCVA was 0.9 ±0.1 preoperatively and 0.9+0.1 6 months postoperatively. Safety index was 0.98 and efficacy index was 0.92. Mean spherical equivalent refraction was +5.1+0.9 D preoperatively and +0.4+0.5 D 6 months postoperatively. Mean K reading was 43.1+ 1.6 D preoperatively and 46.0+1.4 D 6 months postoperatively. Forty-six (90.2%) of 51 eyes in group 1 and 47 (85.5%) of 55 eyes in group 2 were within ±0.5 D of emmetropia. At 6-month follow-up, 40 (78%) of 51 eyes in group 1 had UCVA of 20/20 compared to 41 (75%) of 51 eyes in group 2. One (2%) of 51 eyes in group 1 and 4 (7.3%) of 55 eyes in group 2 lost «2 lines of BSCVA. No eye lost >2 lines of BSCVA.

CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK with Esiris/Schwind technology is effective and safe in the correction of hyperopia up to +7.0 D. Although a slight statistical significance was found for low hyperopia, visual and refractive results obtained in high hyperopia were encouraging. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:772-781.]
Sequential Ablation Approach to the Correction of Mixed Astigmatism
Authors: Pinelli Roberto , Ngassa Elvis Nchuinang , Scaffidi Elena
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and stability of LASIK, using positive cylinder and negative sphere nomograms in sequence (sequential ablation) to correct mixed astigmatism.

METHODS: This prospective study included 40 eyes of 20 patients with mixed astigmatism. Patients underwent bilateral sequential ablation LASIK using the Technolas 217 excimer laser (Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Rochester, NY). The main outcome measures, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), were evaluated 3 and 12 months after surgery.

RESULTS: Preoperative astigmatism ranged from + 1.75 to +6.00 diopters (D) and negative sphere from -0.50 to -3.00 D. The postoperative refraction at 3 months remained unchanged at 1 year postoperative in all patients. A total of 32 (80%) eyes showed no significant residual astigmatism (<0.50 D); the remaining 8 (20%) eyes had 0.50 to 1.00 D of residual astigmatism. Residual negative sphere was present in 2 eyes of 2 patients with a planned monovision target. In the remaining 38 (95%) eyes, no significant residual negative sphere was present. Sixteen (40%) eyes had one line of improvement in BSCVA. No eye lost lines of visual acuity. The efficacy index shows that uncorrected vision after surgery is equal or better than corrected vision before surgery. Less corneal tissue is removed and fewer laser spots are required compared to other techniques for the correction of mixed astigmatism.

CONCLUSIONS: The sequential ablation approach to the correction of mixed astigmatism was efficacious, safe, and stable 1 year after surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:787-794.]
Errores de replanteo en el anfiteatro de Itálica
Authors: Jiménez Hernández Alejandro
Published: December 2018

A partir de una ortoimagen y un modelo digital del terreno de alta resolución, hemos analizado la planta del anfiteatro que presenta una serie de anomalías atribuibles a errores de replanteo. Este análisis sirve de base para profundizar en el diseño del edificio, de su fachada y de la distribución de la grada, y también en los procedimientos de replanteo para tratar de comprender cómo se produjeron esos errores.
L’enquête de 1665 et sa valeur hydrographique pour retracer l’histoire environnementale du coureau d’Oléron
Authors: Sauzeau Thierry
Published: December 2018

En 1665, Colbert lance une enquête de terrain afin
de choisir un port pour abriter la flotte de guerre moderne qu’il a
convaincu Louis XIV de mettre en chantier.
Cette enquête précède de quelques années les avancées scientifiques
décisives du règne. Le 1er avril 1665, un officier de l’Amirauté de
Marennes s’embarque pour une mission de reconnaissance de la rade, le
coureau d’Oléron, avec six marins de Brouage dont il s’agit de
vérifier les témoignages. Les sondes réalisées au cours de cette
mission donnent des indications précieuses et grâce à une démarche
pluridisciplinaire, il est possible d’en faire une analyse historique.
Ainsi, les six sondages réalisés en 1665 peuvent-ils être transférés
dans le repère hydrographique actuel et comparés aux cartes de plus en
plus précises éditées aux siècles suivants. Les résultats de ces
analyses croisées suggèrent la construction d’un paysage sous-marin
issu de mécanismes naturels mais aussi de l’influence des sociétés
littorales.
Peindre le politique
Authors: Greani Nora
Published: December 2018

Au moment des indépendances jusqu’à la fin des années 1980, deux pays séparés par une simple bande de fleuve, les deux Congos, empruntent des trajectoires diamétralement opposées : l’une communiste, l’autre anticommuniste. Cette période de l’histoire a laissé en héritage une production artistique (fresques, timbres, peintures sur toile, affiches, etc.) méconnue et encore jamais explorée dans une perspective comparative. Notre article analyse les imageries politiques congolaises en s’attachant à la circulation transnationale de motifs iconographiques. Il révèle qu’au-delà des discours et des positionnements politiques officiels propres à l’ère monopartite, l’art visuel des deux Congos laisse souvent entrapercevoir une réalité des pratiques ambiguë et contradictoire. Au travers de cette comparaison binationale, l’article se propose de contribuer à la connaissance des liens entre art et politique, par un biais géographique inédit.
Possibilités d’un théâtre politique contemporain
Authors: Hennaut Benoît
Published: December 2018

Manifestation de partis pris esthétiques avant d’être le lieu d’un engagement politique, le théâtre indépendant contemporain à Buenos Aires tisse de très nombreux liens avec son environnement et l’histoire de l’Argentine. Espace de réflexivité et de subjectivité alternatif, mais aussi de résistance et de changement, il offre la possibilité d’une analyse quant à l’existence de modalités d’une pensée sociale et citoyenne au sein de propositions artistiques singulières, permises ces trente dernières années par la réinstallation de la démocratie argentine. Cet article explore les questions qui délimitent aujourd’hui les possibles d’un théâtre politique pour ensuite en examiner les -ressorts dramaturgiques à travers une série de spectacles emblématiques.
De la hantise des archives
Authors: Levy Ophir
Published: December 2018

À compter des années 1960, des images d’archives se rapportant à l’univers concentrationnaire et au génocide des Juifs ont commencé de faire irruption au sein de films de fiction et de films expérimentaux n’ayant pourtant aucun lien narratif avec la Seconde Guerre mondiale. De nombreux événements ont présidé à cette résurgence intempestive de photographies et de séquences filmées rattachées à la mémoire de la déportation. Deux d’entre eux, un peu oubliés ou plus inattendus, méritent que l’on s’y intéresse, eu égard à l’influence qu’ils ont eue sur les intellectuels et les artistes de leur époque : d’une part, le second procès d’Auschwitz, qui s’est tenu à Francfort de décembre 1963 à août 1965 ; d’autre part, la guerre du Vietnam (1959-1975). Comment des cinéastes et des écrivains tels que Jean-Luc Godard, Peter Weiss, Ingmar Bergman, Marcel Hanoun, Marcel Ophuls ou encore Stan Brakhage ont-ils intégré ces archives au sein de leurs œuvres respectives, esquissant ainsi les contours d’une authentique poétique de la hantise ?
Evenki migrations in early times and their relationship with rivers
Authors: Wure’ertu
Published: December 2018

Dans cet essai, l’écrivain évenk Wure’ertu présente trois légendes transmises jusqu’à aujourd’hui chez des groupes évenks vivant en République populaire de Chine. Les deux premières légendes ont été collectées chez les Évenks du renne et les Évenks solon en 1956-1957 dans le cadre des campagnes ethnographiques nationales chinoises lancées à la fin des années 1950. La troisième légende a été recueillie par Wure’ertu auprès des Évenk solon. Ces trois légendes proposent de précieuses données sur l’origine des Évenks et leurs mouvements migratoires le long des fleuves d’Asie du Nord au cours des siècles passés. Wure’ertu explore également certaines des théories développées sur l’histoire des Évenk par les chercheurs de RPC.
The gluttons of eastern Siberia. Spirits, poachers, and cannibals in Evenki perceptions
Authors: Brandišauskas Donatas
Published: December 2018

Dans cet article, je tente de montrer comment les changements socioculturels survenus pendant la période soviétique ainsi que les défis actuels sont reflétés avec créativité et incorporés dans la cosmogonie des Évenks. Les nombreux êtres malveillants existant depuis des siècles dans la cosmogonie évenke et ayant pour attributs la gloutonnerie, et dans certains cas l’anthropophagie, sont continuellement rencontrés dans la vie quotidienne et décrits dans les récits contemporains évenks. Alors que les références au cannibalisme des peuples autochtones ont été largement employées par le pouvoir colonial, aujourd’hui, les Évenks lient l’influence des êtres malveillants aux politiques étatiques passées et présentes, aux événements tragiques et aux transgressions individuelles des normes éthiques et des règles de conduite. Raconter ou participer à la narration, permet aux Évenks de promouvoir la conscience des dangers potentiels, tout en enseignant les convenances en termes d’attitudes et de jugements moraux.