bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الاستدامة في أحكام التشريع الإسلامي وأثرها على الفرد والمجتمع
Authors: المغربي عبد الولي محمد صالح
Published: July 2024

تناولت الدراسة إثبات الاستدامة في أحكام التشريع الإسلامي، وقدَّمت رؤية علمية متكاملة عن مصطلح الاستدامة والتأصيل له في الأحكام الشرعية، وسارت الدراسة على منهجي الاستقراء والاستنباط، وتم تقسيم الدراسة إلى مقدمة وأربعة مباحث. تناول المبحث الأول: تعريف الاستدامة ومرادفاتها المتصلة بها، تم تعريف التشريع الإسلامي، والمبحث الثاني عن الاستدامة في الأحكام التكليفية للتشريع الإسلامي. وخصص المبحث الثالث لبيان الاستدامة في الأحكام الوضعية للتشريع الإسلامي. وتضمن المبحث الرابع أثر الاستدامة في الأحكام التشريعية على الفرد والمجتمع. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى بيان أصالة الاستدامة وفاعليتها في أحكام التشريع الإسلامي وتأثيرها على الفرد والمجتمع.
الأبحاث المسددة من فنون متعددة تأليف: صالح بن مهدي بن علي بن عبد الله بن سليمان المقبلي (ت:1108هـ) دراسة وتحقيق: للأبحاث المتعلقة بسورة البقرة
Authors: الصديق عصام , شباله حسن محمد
Published: July 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى إخراج هذا القسم من المخطوط إخراجاً سليماً وصحيحاً، وإعطاؤه حقه من التوثيق والتعليق والضبط والدراسة، والتعريف بالمؤلِّف وكتابه بإيجاز. واعتمدتُ على المنهج الوصفي والتاريخي، في قسم الدراسة. وقد تطرَّق المؤلِّف في سورة البقرة؛ لأهم المباحث العقدية والفقهية، وغيرهما -من وجهة نظره- في (7)، آيات، حيث يذكر الآية القرآنية أولاً، ثم يعقبها ببيان أهم المباحث المتعلقة بها، بأسلوب ماتع، بين الإيجاز والإطناب، وألزم نفسه؛ سلوك مسلك الصحابة، وعدم التعويل على تقليد أهل العلم في جميع الفنون. وكانت من أهم النتائج التي توصلتُ إليها، حسن ترتيب المؤلف وتقسيمه لموضوعات المادة العلمية، مع جودة السبك والربط مع بعضها البعض، وسعة علم المؤلِّف واطلاعه للعلوم الشرعية والعقلية.
التأخير في نظم الزمن الحقيقي
Authors: حامد صغير سعد الريمي
Published: July 2024

يهدف هذا البحث الى : التعرف على نظم التشغيل التي تعمل في الزمن الحقيقي ،من حيث تصميم تلك النظم ،وتأثير ذلك على العمل ،ونظرا لأهمية الزمن فقد ركز البحث على دراسة هذه النظم بطريقة تجعلها اكثر قدرة على تلبية العمل في الزمن الحقيقي .وقد اشتمل البحث على المحاور التالية : المقدمة –تصنيف نظم التشغيل في الزمن الحقيقي –خصائص النظم في الزمن الحقيقي -معمارية النظم في الزمن الحقيقي - النواة –المؤقتات- السيطرة والتحكم –نظام التشغيل – النتائج . وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها :ضرورة العمل بالطرق الحديثة المستخدمة تخصيص نظام الزمن الحقيقي لكي تستطيعان تلبي العمل في الزمن الحقيقي .
A Semi-Pilot Plant Fermenter for the Production of Coagulant-Aids From Diary Products Waste Water
Authors: محمد فخري الشهواني
Published: July 2024

#العالق المجفف للمكونات الخارج خلوية (DSEM)، الناتج من تخمير وبنظام الدفعة المخلفات السائلة لصناعة الألبان، استخدم كمساعدات تختير لمعالجة المياه الخام، حيث أنتج هذا العالق وبكميات كبيرة وذلك باستخدام مفاعل حيوي (مخمر) صمم طبقا للمواصفات التالية: السعة: ٥٥ لتر (من مياه صرف صناعات الألبان مضاف اليه ٢٥ ملجم / لتر من المولاس). سرعة الخلط: ١٤٩٠ دوره / الدقيقة.  درجة PH: ٦,٨ . درجة حرارة التحضين: ۲۸ م.  فترة التحضين : ۱۲۰ ساعة. في نهاية فترة التخمير كان حاصل الـ (DSEM) ٧٥,٣ غم (وهذا يشكل الوزن الجاف للمكونات الخارج خلوية). عند إضافة ٢٨ ملجم / لتر من الـ (DSEM) إلى المياه الخام (الغير معالجة)، وبالمقارنة مع العينات القياسية، أشارت النتائج إلى وجود زيادة، وبمقدار أربعة أضعاف، في حجم لبادات الألمنيوم وإن فترة ترسيب هذه اللبادات انخفضت بمقدار ٣١,٦% ولوحظ أيضا زيادة في انخفاض درجة العكورة وبمقدار ٤١,١%
التحنيط في مصر القديمة (مفهومه، طرقه، دوافعه)
Authors: خالد عبد الملك الحميري
Published: July 2024

هدف البحث إلى الكشف عن ظاهرة التحنيط في مصر القديمة من حيث المفهوم، والطرق، والدوافع.
وقد اعتمد المنهج الاستقراء التاريخي. وجاء في اربعة مباحث؛ الأول: مفهوم التحنيط، الثاني: عملية التحنيط وطرقها، الثالث: المواد، الرابع: الدوافع. وخاتمة بالنتائج والتوصيات.
 وأهم النتائج: أن التحنيط عملية حفظ جسم الميت من التلف والبلى، وقد اهتم بها المصريون القدماء خوفا على أجساد موتاهم من التفسخ والتحلل اللذين يصيبانها بعد الموت، عبر التحنيط الذي تعددت طرائقه وتنوعت مواده وفقا لإمكانية المتوفى ومكانته؛ فظهرت طرق غالية وأخرى رخيصة ودافعهم الأكبر هو اعتقادهم بالحياة بعد الموت.
المناخ الأسري للأحداث الجانحين وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات النفسية دراسة سيكومترية - إكلينيكية
Authors: أنيسه عبده مجاهد دوكم
Published: July 2024

هدف هذا البحث دراسة خصائص المناخ الأسري الذي يمكن أن نتوقع أن ينتج شخصية مضطربة تقود إلى السلوك الجانح لدى الأحداث اليمنيين وعلاقته ببعض خصائص الشخصية للحدث (قوة الأنا, الاندفاعية, الذكاء الوجداني) وهل يمكن التنبؤ بهذه المتغيرات النفسية لدى الأحداث الجانحين اليمنيين من خلال الدرجة الكلية للمناخ الأسري .وما طبيعة الانساق و العلاقات الأسرية المميزة لأسر الحدثين الجانحين موضع الدراسة الإكلينيكية واللذان أظهرت النتائج السيكو مترية اضطراب مناخهم الأسري.
تكونت عينة البحث من (56) حدثًا جانحا للدراسة السيكومترية و(2) للدراسة الإكلينيكية و تمثلت أهم النتائج:1- أكثر من 50% من العينة لديهم مناخ اسري مضطرب و 50% من العينة قوة الانا لديهم متدنية و19.6 % لديهم اندفاعية و30.4% نسبة ذكائهم الوجداني منخفضة.  2-  يمكن التنبؤ بكل من قوة الأنا والاندفاعية من خلال المناخ الأسري للحدث الجانح.  3-  الحالتين المدروستين إكلينيكيا لديهما مناخ اسري مضطرب وغير متماسك وتسود اسرتيهما أنماط متنوعة من الصراع وتتنوع أساليب حل الصراعات لدى الحالتين ما بين اساليب إيجابية أحيانًا وأساليب سلبيه في أحيان أخرى.
Signifikansi Metode Deduktif dan Induktif dalam Pembelajaran Ilmu Nahu
Authors: Ritonga Ade Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Nahu rules (Nahu science) are one of the branches of Arabic linguistics, considering the importance of understanding Nahu science in learning Arabic, but it is very unfortunate that there are still many students who are less able to understand the rules of Nahu science itself, so appropriate methods are needed. in his learning. In learning science, there are two methods that are often used, namely deductive and inductive methods, but the significance of these two methods needs to be studied. Therefore, this article will discuss the significance of deductive and inductive methods in learning science. This article was written using the library research method, the data obtained as a reference in writing were in the form of books, articles and several other sources of data or information that were considered relevant to the study. The results of this research show that deductive and inductive methods are still frequently and relevantly used in learning science, especially in Indonesia. Where there are still many Islamic boarding schools and madrasas that use books such as Al-ajrumiyah, nahu Wadih and Syarah Ibn 'aqil in learning nahu science. And these books still use deductive and inductive methods in their teaching.
«Jeg vil bli en å regne med»
Authors: Aagesen Aage
Published: July 2024

AbstractYoung men’s desistance from gangs involved in crime is a pressing social issue in the Nordic countries. Drawing from a larger study comprising life story interviews with previously incarcerated men across different life stages, this article elaborates the narration of desistance among three young men who desisted from gang-related crime in their early twenties. By telling their stories of involvement in crime and their desistance process as career shift narratives, continuity in their »real me« is emphasised. Their stories make them come across as rational agents concerned with independence, ambition and a goal-oriented agency proving their capacity and willingness to take responsibility through hard work in the construction industry. This narrative identity can be understood as the young men’s ideals of masculinity, which intertwine their earlier values and previous experiences with a new maturity gained by social relations to role models in the labour market and significant others. In line with this, ideals of masculinity may be seen as a narrative resource which may shape and enhance possibilities for secondary and tertiary desistance in early adulthood.
Proximity and social capital in the context of artisan food markets: Towards local constatations of knowledge and innovation
Authors: Karevoll Gurid , Ziółkowska Julia , Kwiatkowski Grzegorz , Kloskowski Dariusz
Published: July 2024

Embeddedness of artisan food markets in local socio-economic settings is apparent and decisive in individual procedures, development and change. The paper argues that geography and location patterns affect artisan food producers in the context of knowledge availability. A sample of 704 Polish food producers are mapped using GIS, and in conjugation with current literature on tacit knowledge social capital, the implication for artisan food producers innovation capabilities is discussed. Results show that artisan food producers are different in their location patterns depending on the type of offered products. Apparent differences in location patterns strongly indicate that artisan food producers experience differences in tacit knowledge availability.
Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder 6 weeks and 6 months after ICU: Six out of 10 survivors affected
Authors: Van der Merwe E , Stroud L , Sharp G , Van Vuuren N , Mosola M , Fodo T , Paruk F
Published: July 2024

Background. Mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are being increasingly recognised as common adverse outcomes for critical illness survivors. These conditions can have lasting consequences on their wellbeing, ability to return to their pre-illness level of functioning and health-related quality of life. There is a paucity of South African data in terms of the psychological aspects of the post-intensive care unit (ICU) syndrome.
Objective. To identify and characterise patients who suffered from significant symptoms of mental health disease and poor mental health- related quality of life after ICU admission and who may benefit from appropriate referral, further investigation and medical intervention.
Methods. Critically ill patients in a multidisciplinary tertiary ICU were prospectively enrolled upon ICU discharge. Survivors were screened for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress syndrome at 6 weeks and 6 months after hospital discharge. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) and the Impact Of Events Scale – Revised (IES-R) were used as screening tools. The mental component summary score (MCS) of the RAND short form-36 was used to determine the effect of psychological symptoms on health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
Results. The median age of the 107 ICU survivors was 42 years, and half of them were admitted for complications of COVID-19. Six out of every 10 ICU survivors experienced significant symptoms of anxiety, depression and/or PTSD at follow-up. At the 6-month study visit, 4 out of every 10 patients were experiencing significant psychological symptoms. Those affected had a significantly lower mental HRQOL when compared with those who were unaffected. More than half of those affected had co-occurrence of psychological symptoms. Significant symptoms of anxiety were common, with 5 out of every 10 participants experiencing significant symptoms at either, or both, of the study visits. More than 3 out of 10 of affected patients’ symptoms only occurred after the 6-week visit. Associations for significant psychological symptoms comprised female sex, younger age, a diagnosis of trauma and frightening memories of the ICU admission.
Conclusion. The burden of mental health disease in ICU survivors is substantial, affecting their HRQOL. Six out of 10 patients experienced symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD, and more than half of those affected experienced co-occurrence of the conditions. A third of those affected developed these symptoms only beyond 6 weeks after hospital discharge. A potentially modifiable association with psychological symptoms was frightening memories of the ICU stay.
Time to be seen and heard: Including children’s and adolescents’ voices in the South African TB response
Authors: Goslett C , Du Preez K , Hendricks G , Best A
Published: July 2024

Ciara Goslett’s account of childhood tuberculosis (TB) sheds light on the challenges faced by children diagnosed with TB in South Africa (SA). Children are particularly vulnerable to TB infection and to dangerous forms of disseminated TB such as TB meningitis, which can cause death or major lifelong disability. They have distinct challenges with diagnosis, and TB treatment for adults is not necessarily child- friendly. In the absence of a child-friendly formulation, adult tablets are broken into the correct dosage and used to treat children. Crushed and dissolved in water, the pieces are not very palatable for children. There are therefore issues that may be neglected if the voices of children are not included in the TB response in SA. These include delays in the development and accessibility of child-friendly medication, vaccine shortages and a lack of educational support for hospitalised children under school-going age. Some positive progress has been made through the establishment of the paediatric working group in the TB Think Tank, and SA’s contribution to pivotal childhood TB research studies. Additional steps could be the inclusion of children’s feedback in community-led monitoring efforts and engagement between child TB activists and the SA TB Caucus, a collective of parliamentarians.
Protection of privacy in the era of digital communication development
Authors: Yakunina Anastasiya Vladimirovna
Published: July 2024

This article examines the influence of technological progress on ensuring and protecting the privacy in the context of expanding digital communications. The level of expectations of a specific society regarding the state of privacy serves as a benchmark, either stimulating or weakening actions to improve national legislation. A sensitive attitude towards the perception of technology, based on common sense, will help avoid obvious violations of proportionality and maintain a balance between private and public interests in society. The author analyzes the impact of digital technologies on private life with the expansion of state support in this area, using the most influential corporations, Palantir Technologies Inc. and Cambridge Analytica, as examples, and proposes effective measures to safeguard personal data in the modern digital world. In preparing this article, a complex of methods was used, including comparative legal analysis, systemic analysis, historical legal method, and empirical methods for analyzing the practical implementation of legal norms. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by a comprehensive and thorough analysis of the impact of digital technologies on privacy, as the applied information technologies provide a greater opportunity for both conscious and unconscious violations of rights and freedoms. Additionally, the article discusses the ethical and legal aspects of using personal data of citizens and provides recommendations for improving confidentiality in the digital age. In this regard, the issue of privacy in the context of the evolution of digital communications becomes particularly relevant. The conclusion of the article discusses the importance of balancing public and private interests in the field of digital technologies and data protection and proposes ways to address this complex issue in the interests of all stakeholders.
The creative interaction of composers Zhou Wenzhong and Edgar Varese
Authors: Li Yang
Published: July 2024

The subject of the study is the mutual influence of the compositional ideas of the Chinese-American composer Zhou Wenzhong and the French-American composer Edgar Varese. Edgar Varese, known as a composer and innovator who had a significant influence on the concepts of the post-war avant-garde, was also a brilliant teacher. One of his students was Zhou Wenzhong. Subsequently, Zhou Wenzhong became the editor of Warez's works, his biographer, an indispensable assistant and keeper of the archive. The article presents the facts of Zhou Wenzhong's biography, special attention is paid to the study of the composer's period of study with Varez, the trajectory of his influence, and the pedagogical principles that he adhered to in his teaching. Zhou Wenzhong needed to assimilate the innovations of Varese, form his own compositional style, based on the cultural traditions of China, forming points of intersection with the ideas and concepts of the avant-garde in cross-cultural interaction. The work has an interdisciplinary character, mediated by a key trajectory – the problem of the interaction of musical cultures of the East and the West. The author relies on source-based, analytical, comparative, historical and theoretical methods. Zhou Wenzhong (1923-2019) is one of the most influential and major American-Chinese composers. Despite the importance of this person, his work is still unexplored in Russian musicology, and therefore, filling this gap in the history of the development of new compositional trends in Chinese music, which marked the beginning of the phenomenon of the "New Wave" (after 1978), seems extremely relevant and important. The scientific novelty of the study is associated with the introduction into scientific use of information about the American period of Zhou Wenzhong's work – the time of his studies with Edgar Varese.
Official Development Assistance of Austria after 2021
Authors: Ponomarenko Anatoly Petrovich , Babintseva Ekaterina Alekseevna
Published: July 2024

Assistance to developing countries, or the so-called “Third World” countries, is one of the areas of foreign policy activity in modern developed countries. It is provided to recipient countries in the form of loans, grants and other transfers to solve, first of all, social and economic problems. The Republic of Austria has a small territory and population, but at the same time it also has an efficient economy that encourages a high standard of living and a status of permanent neutrality allow it to play the role of a donor country for this type of assistance. In Austria, such policy is divided into two directions: “global” and “domestic”. Despite the commitment of many countries to "global" Official Development Assistance (ODA), the Republic of Austria ranks recipient countries of financial assistance in terms of its own national interests. In particular, the largest volumes of financial assistance are provided by Austria to the countries of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. In this regard, the author considers the activities of the Austrian state in this area as the implementation of the most important element of Vienna’s “soft power” policy. This article is devoted to the policy that Austria pursues towards countries in need of economic, financial and humanitarian assistance. The key element of this policy is the “domestic” Austrian Development Cooperation Program (ADP), aimed at establishing economic ties and providing financial assistance to countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America (primarily the Caribbean), as well as to the other poorest countries in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. Using methods of description and analysis, the article examines the historiography, foundations and essence of this policy in Austria, and also analyzes the new edition of one of the fundamental documents – the Three-Year Program of Austrian Development Policy from 2022 to 2024.
Detection of Credit Card Fraud with Optimized Deep Neural Network in Balanced Data Condition
Authors: Shome Nirupam , Sarkar Devran Dey , Kashyap Richik , Lasker Rabul Hussain
Published: July 2024

Due to the huge number of financial transactions, it is almost impossible for humans to manually detect fraudulent transactions. In previous work, the datasets are not balanced and the models suffer from overfitting problems. In this paper, we tried to overcome the problems by tuning hyperparameters and balancing the dataset by hybrid approach using under-sampling and over-sampling techniques. In this study, we have observed that these modifications are effective to get better performance in comparison to the existing models. The MCC score is considered an important parameter in binary classification since it ensures the correct prediction of the majority of positive data instances and negative data instances. So, we emphasize on MCC score and our method achieved MCC score of 97.09%, which is far more (16 % approx.) than other state of art methods. In terms of other performance metrics, the result of our proposed model is also improved significantly.
Objeção de consciência por motivos religiosos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Schoeninger Guilherme , Weingartner Neto Jayme
Published: July 2024

O presente estudo analisa a objeção de consciência no ordenamento jurídicobrasileiro. De modo delimitado, examina o conteúdo, os limites e a titularidade do direitofundamental à objeção de consciência por motivos religiosos. O texto é dividido em duaspartes. Na primeira, aborda-se o fenômeno religioso, compreendido como feixe de posiçõesjusfundamentais que se relaciona tanto com a liberdade de consciência quanto com aliberdade religiosa. E na segunda, trata-se da objeção de consciência em específico,examinando o seu conteúdo, os seus limites, e a sua titularidade. Utiliza-se o métododialético de contraposição de argumentos acrescido de pesquisa bibliográfica ejurisprudencial realizadas com suporte no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Ao final,sistematizam-se critérios controláveis para o exercício do direito à objeção de consciência.
A Cross-sectional Analysis of Conventional Leishman’s Stain versus Modified Leishman’s Stain: A Study Protocol
Authors: Panbude Isha Nanaji , Vodithala Sahitya
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The conventional Leishman’s stain and modified Leishman’s stain are widely used in medical laboratories for the microscopic examination of blood smears. The conventional stain provides good visualisation of cellular morphology, aiding in the identification of various blood cell types. The modified Leishman’s stain, on the other hand, incorporates alterations to enhance specific cellular structures, improving diagnostic accuracy. Need of the study: In the present study, the authors will observe the differences between the conventional staining method and the modified Leishman's stain method, as well as the advantages of the modified Leishman's staining over the conventional staining method. Aim: To compare Conventional Leishman’s Stain with Modified Leishman’s Stain. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study will be conducted from October 2022 to October 2024 at the Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) blood samples will be used for staining. Conventional Leishman’s Stain employs the traditional Leishman’s staining method, while Modified Leishman’s Stain incorporates specific modifications aimed at improving staining quality and enhancing the detection of eosinophils and leukocytes. Several quality control parameters will be assessed, including staining quality, eosinophil and leukocyte visibility, and overall diagnostic accuracy for both peripheral blood smear samples. A panel of experienced haematologists, blinded to the staining technique, independently examines the slides to minimise potential bias. The numbers and morphological characteristics of eosinophils and leukocytes are meticulously recorded, and statistical analysis will be conducted to compare the two staining methods.
Different Tumour Marker Kinetics as Prognosticators in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of Gall Bladder Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Saha Pritilata , Datta Priyanka , Tajuddin Quazi MD , Chatterjee Subhramay
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract worldwide. Patients do not have specific symptoms, and therefore, GBC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Carbohydrate Antigen (CA)-242, CA 19-9, and Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) have been found to be effective in the diagnosis and prognosis of GBC. Aim: To determine the significance of tumour markers as prognosticators in adenocarcinoma of GBC with chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The present cohort study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Murshidabad Medical College and Hospital, Baharampur, West Bengal, India, between December 2021 and November 2022. Thirty patients with pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder who were treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy were included in the study. Differences in serum CA-125 and CA 19-9 levels before and after chemotherapy (KINETICS) were measured along with haemoglobin, serum urea, creatinine, total bilirubin and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Kaplan-Meier analyses of CA-125, CA 19-9, and combined changes were performed to assess survival rates and their statistical relevance as prognosticators in correlation with disease progression. Results: The mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age was 52.4±5.275 years. A total of 25 (83.3%) patients were females. The associations of CA 19-9 change with other baseline variables were analysed, and there were significant associations with baseline Carbohydrate Antigen (CA19-9) levels (p-value=0.003) and metastatic changes (p-value <0.001). Patients with decreased tumour markers had significantly better Progression- Free Survival (PFS) than patients with increased tumour markers. The pre- and post-chemotherapy CA 19-9 ratio had the highest area-under-the-curve values (AUC 0.910) for predicting 6-month PFS, whereas for predicting metastatic changes, the combined pre- and post-chemotherapy marker ratio had the highest AUC 0.842. In the multivariate analysis, CA 19-9 ≥100 U/mL at diagnosis (p-value <0.001) and NLRchange ≥1.0 (p-value=0.003) were independent prognosticators of PFS, with hazard ratios of 1.007 (p-value <0.001) and 15.4 (p-value=0.003), respectively. Conclusion: CA 19-9 kinetics proved to be a reliable prognosticator of metastatic changes in patients with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder undergoing chemotherapy. The significant decline in tumour markers that were seen throughout the follow-up phase emphasises how important it is to use these markers as primary indicators of treatment response. To validate the present study findings, larger-scale studies involving a longer follow-up period and a greater number of patients are needed.
Autopsy Pathology of Heart and Coronary Vessels in Sudden Death: A Cross-sectional Study from Southern India
Authors: Vincent Mary Diana , Raman Jayasree , Kumaran Unmesh Ayyanchira , Suresh Swapna
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Cardiac diseases emerge as the primary culprits behind sudden and unexplained deaths. Morphological evaluation through autopsy is invaluable in establishing the prevalence of cardiac lesions and coronary atherosclerosis within the general population. It provides healthcare researchers with valuable insights to develop preventive measures and early detection strategies crucial for improving survival rates. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of cardiac lesions in postmortem specimens of the heart from autopsies of sudden and unexplained deaths. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College (a public sector hospital), Cochin, Kerala, India, from January to December 2021 on 140 specimens of the heart. Medicolegal autopsies were performed in the Department of Forensic Medicine, with specimens forwarded to the Pathology Department for histopathological examination. Hearts dissected by the modified Virchow’s method were examined for gross pathology in the cardiac wall, chambers, valves, coronaries and aorta. Microscopy findings were documented and the grading of coronary atherosclerosis was done using the Modified American Heart Association (AHA) criteria. Proportions were analysed from the compiled data using a Chi-square test. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0 software. Results: In the study encompassing 140 adult autopsies, the mean age of the study population was 45.98 with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 15.82 years and the male to female ratio was 3.5:1. The prevalence of cardiac lesions was as follows: coronary artery atherosclerosis (80.70%), Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) (44.28%), cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension (10%), pericarditis (6.42%) and myocarditis (3.50%). The male- to-female ratio for coronary atherosclerosis was 4.4:1, with triple vessel disease observed in 42.90% of cases. Atherosclerosis severity grades included early non atheromatous lesions (19.3%), Pathological Intimal Thickening (PIT) (23.6%), and advanced atherosclerotic lesions (37.80%). Among cases associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths (10.7%), changes noted included myocarditis, microhaemorrhages, oedema, capillary dilatation, fibrin deposition and inflammatory infiltrates. Conclusion: The present study revealed a high prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis affecting all three vessels, particularly among the younger population. This underscores the significance of screening for cardiovascular risk factors and implementing preventive measures from an early age.
QUE INDICAM AS INVESTIGAÇÕES DO GRUPO DE PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO ALGÉBRICA (GPEA) RELATIVAS AO ENSINO E À APRENDIZAGEM DE EQUAÇÕES NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA?
Authors: Bianchini Barbara Lutaif , Lima Gabriel Loureiro de
Published: July 2024

Neste artigo, apresentam-se os resultados de um mapeamento exploratório-analítico, que teve por objetivo caracterizar as 11 dissertações e uma tese acerca do objeto matemático equação, no âmbito do ensino ou da aprendizagem na Educação Básica, desenvolvidas por pós-graduandos em Educação Matemática na esfera do Grupo de Pesquisa em Educação Algébrica (GPEA), desde sua criação em 2003. Por meio da análise, depreendeu-se que: há demandas por um maior número de teses de doutorado cujo tema seja equação, em diferentes perspectivas; por investigações de cunho experimental tendo professores por sujeitos, em formação inicial, em exercício e em formação continuada; e por estudos relativos ao uso de Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e de Comunicação nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de diferentes tipos de equações.
Characteristics of Petis White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Waste with the Addition of Kluwak Fruit (Pangium edule)
Authors: Harianti  , Yudistira Astri , Dan Ratnawati , Kantun Wayan
Published: July 2024

The shrimp processing industry produces a lot of waste that can become a pollutant for the environment if not managed properly. Shrimp waste such as heads, tails and carapace, if processed properly, can become a fishery diversification product that is able to provide added value to the community. The high protein content can be a consideration in processing shrimp waste into by-products as a substitute for food products. This study aims to analyze the effect of the addition of kluwak fruit on water content, protein content and hedonic value of white leg shrimp waste petis. The research method used was an experimental method with petis treatment added by kluwak with 4 different concentrations, namely (A) 0 g concentration (control), (B) 10 g concentration, (C) 20 g concentration, and (D) 30 g concentration. The results showed that the addition of kluwak fruit provided a real difference in the value of water content and protein content in white leg shrimp waste petis. The addition of kluwak fruit to white leg shrimp waste petis produced the best hedonic scale organoleptic value in treatment (D) with a concentration of 30 g.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms in Relation to Psychopathic Traits and Aggression Among Psychiatrically Hospitalized Children: ADHD Symptoms as a Potential Moderator
Authors: Becker Stephen P. , Luebbe Aaron M. , Fite Paula J. , Greening Leilani , Stoppelbein Laura
Published: February 2013

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is associated with elevated rates of psychopathic traits and aggression. However, it remains unclear if attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms exacerbate these relations, particularly in samples of children who are severely clinically distressed. The purpose of the present study was to test ADHD symptoms as a potential moderator of the relations of ODD symptoms to psychopathic traits (i.e., callous‐unemotional [CU] traits, narcissism) and to aggressive subtypes (i.e., proactive, reactive aggression) in a large sample of children in an acute psychiatric inpatient facility (n = 699; ages 6–12). Multiple regression analyses indicated that, after controlling for child demographic variables, ADHD symptoms marginally exacerbated the relation between ODD symptoms and CU traits. Both ODD and ADHD symptoms had an additive, but not a multiplicative effect, in predicting narcissism. In addition, for a subset of the full sample for whom data were available (n = 351), ADHD symptoms exacerbated the relation between ODD symptoms and both reactive and proactive aggression. These results suggest that ADHD symptoms tend to have a negative effect on the relation between ODD symptoms and markers of antisociality among children receiving acute psychiatric care. Aggr. Behav. 39 :201‐211, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter treatment of SVC syndrome from histoplasmosis‐related mediastinal fibrosis in a 9‐year old male
Authors: Johansen Michael , Hoyer Mark , Kleiman Martin
Published: February 2013

We report a case of mediastinal fibrosis secondary to histoplasmosis in a 9‐year old male, who presented with superior vena cava syndrome. He was successfully treated by percutaneous superior vena cava stent placement in the outpatient cardiac catheterization laboratory. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Cancer Chemoprevention With Sulindac in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Berg Alexander K. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Ziegler Katie L. Allen , Carlson Elsa C. , Szabo Eva , Ames Mathew M. , Boring Daniel , Limburg Paul J. , Reid Joel M. ,   ; For the Cancer Prevention Network
Published: February 2013

Sulindac is a prescription‐based non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) that continues to be actively investigated as a candidate cancer chemoprevention agent. To further current understanding of sulindac bioavailability, metabolism, and disposition, we developed a population pharmacokinetic model for the parent compound and its active metabolites, sulindac sulfide, and exisulind. This analysis was based on data from 24 healthy subjects who participated in a bioequivalence study comparing two formulations of sulindac. The complex disposition of sulindac and its metabolites was described by a seven‐compartment model featuring enterohepatic recirculation and is the first reported population pharmacokinetic model for sulindac. The derived model was used to explore effects of clinical variables on sulindac pharmacokinetics and revealed that body weight, creatinine clearance, and gender were significantly correlated with pharmacokinetic parameters. Moreover, the model quantifies the relative bioavailability of the sulindac formulations and illustrates the utility of population pharmacokinetics in bioequivalence assessment. This novel population pharmacokinetic model provides new insights regarding the factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics of sulindac and the exisulind and sulindac sulfide metabolites in generally healthy subjects, which have implications for future chemoprevention trial design for this widely available agent.
Thermal and Electrical Conduction in Ultrathin Metallic Films: 7 nm down to Sub‐Nanometer Thickness
Authors: Lin Huan , Xu Shen , Wang Xinwei , Mei Ning
Published: February 2013

For ultrathin metallic films (e.g., less than 5 nm), no knowledge is yet available on how electron scattering at surface and grain boundaries reduces the electrical and thermal transport. The thermal and electrical conduction of metallic films is characterized down to 0.6 nm average thickness. The electrical and thermal conductivities of 0.6 nm Ir film are reduced by 82% and 50% from the respective bulk values. The Lorenz number is measured as 7.08 × 10−8 W Ω K−2, almost a twofold increase of the bulk value. The Mayadas‐Shatzkes model is used to interpret the experimental results and reveals very strong electron reflection (>90%) at grain boundaries.
Marginally igniting direct-drive target designs for the laser megajoule
Authors: Brandon V. , Canaud B. , Primout M. , Laffite S. , Temporal M.
Published: February 2013

Direct-drive target designs below self-ignition threshold are proposed for the laser megajoule in the context of shock-ignition. Two distinct initial aspect ratios are considered and laser pulses are shaped following a classical Kidder's law in order to achieve an implosion velocity of 300 km/s, an in-fight adiabat close to unity and to maximize the peak areal density. The pulse shapes are adjusted to arrange shock timing at the inner side of the DT fuel. The robustness of the laser pulse is addressed by the means of random variations around the initial Kidder's laws. Correlation matrices show no significant correlations between laser parameters. An admissible envelope of laser pulse is given for both designs in order to warrant more than 80% of the best peak areal density. Variations of laser drive power produce variations of implosion velocities in the range 250–370 km/s. Self-ignition threshold is achieved and thermonuclear energy are produced in the range 3 kJ–27 MJ. Finally, the random procedure shows that it is possible to improve the first deterministic optimization and the laser pulses are given.
Multi-stage complex contagions
Authors: Melnik Sergey , Ward Jonathan A. , Gleeson James P. , Porter Mason A.
Published: February 2013

The spread of ideas across a social network can be studied using complex contagion models, in which agents are activated by contact with multiple activated neighbors. The investigation of complex contagions can provide crucial insights into social influence and behavior-adoption cascades on networks. In this paper, we introduce a model of a multi-stage complex contagion on networks. Agents at different stages—which could, for example, represent differing levels of support for a social movement or differing levels of commitment to a certain product or idea—exert different amounts of influence on their neighbors. We demonstrate that the presence of even one additional stage introduces novel dynamical behavior, including interplay between multiple cascades, which cannot occur in single-stage contagion models. We find that cascades—and hence collective action—can be driven not only by high-stage influencers but also by low-stage influencers.
A near-field scanning microwave microscope based on a superconducting resonator for low power measurements
Authors: de Graaf S. E. , Danilov A. V. , Adamyan A. , Kubatkin S. E.
Published: February 2013

We report on the design and performance of a cryogenic (300 mK) near-field scanning microwave microscope. It uses a microwave resonator as the near-field sensor, operating at a frequency of 6 GHz and microwave probing amplitudes down to 100 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\rm {\mu V}$\end{document}μV, approaching low enough photon population (N ∼ 1000) of the resonator such that coherent quantum manipulation becomes feasible. The resonator is made out of a miniaturized distributed fractal superconducting circuit that is integrated with the probing tip, micromachined to be compact enough such that it can be mounted directly on a quartz tuning-fork, and used for parallel operation as an atomic force microscope (AFM). The resonator is magnetically coupled to a transmission line for readout, and to achieve enhanced sensitivity we employ a Pound-Drever-Hall measurement scheme to lock to the resonance frequency. We achieve a well localized near-field around the tip such that the microwave resolution is comparable to the AFM resolution, and a capacitive sensitivity down to 6.4 × 10−20 F\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$/\sqrt{\rm {Hz}}$\end{document}/ Hz , limited by mechanical noise. We believe that the results presented here are a significant step towards probing quantum systems at the nanoscale using near-field scanning microwave microscopy.
Imbibition of polystyrene melts in aligned carbon nanotube arrays
Authors: Khaneft Marina , Stühn Bernd , Engstler Jörg , Tempel Hermann , Schneider Jörg J. , Pirzer Tobias , Hugel Thorsten
Published: February 2013

We analyze the polymer filling mechanism in composites containing highly ordered and vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. CNTs are obtained by a template assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Different forms of the arrays are studied with one or two carbon layers on top and bottom surface of the array, or freestanding CNTs. Investigation is done by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in combination with electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and atomic force microscopy. Tubes are of 40 μm length and 40/90 nm diameter. The original order of the template is only locally preserved in the CNT array. Imbibition of polymer is achieved in the inside of CNTs as well as in between. It modifies the local order of the tubes. We compare structural changes of CNT arrays caused by polymer infiltration. Filling kinetics is followed with time-resolved SAXS. We find two well separated processes that are related to the formation of a precursor film and subsequent partial completion of the imbibition process.
Why does the second peak of pair correlation functions split in quasi-two-dimensional disordered films?
Authors: Zhang K. , Li H. , Li L. , Bian X. F.
Published: February 2013

Molecular dynamics simulation has been performed to study the splitting of the second peak in pair correlation functions of quasi-two-dimensional disordered film. A quasi-two-dimensional inhomogeneous structural model, which contains both crystal-like and disordered regions, supports the hypothesis that the splitting of the second peak is result of a statistical average of crystal-like and disordered structural regions in the system, not just the amorphous structure. The second-peak splitting can be viewed as a prototype of the crystal-like peak exhibiting distorted and vestigial features.
Biparametric analyses of charge trapping in Cd0.9Zn0.1Te based virtual Frisch grid detectors
Authors: Chaudhuri Sandeep K. , Zavalla Kelvin J. , Krishna Ramesh M. , Mandal Krishna C.
Published: February 2013

Detector grade Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT) single crystals were grown from zone refined Cd, Zn, and Te (∼7 N) precursor materials, using a tellurium solvent method. Detectors with virtual Frisch grid configuration were fabricated using these crystals. I-V measurements revealed low leakage currents at room-temperature, ∼11 nA for one such detector D1 and ∼8 nA for another detector D2 at 1100 V. The spectroscopic performances of the two CZT virtual Frisch grid detectors have been evaluated and compared for high energy gamma ray detection. Detector D1 showed a well-resolved pulse-height spectrum with an energy resolution of ∼1.6% for the 662 keV gamma rays. Detector D2 also showed a distinct 662 keV peak but with a broader pulse-height distribution. A digital biparametric correlation study of the depth of interaction and energy deposited by the 662 keV gamma rays was carried out. A different kind of correlation pattern from that observed normally for hole trapping was noticed in the case of detector D2. Correlation of results from thermally stimulated current measurement studies suggested that the anomalous biparametric correlation pattern was due to the trapping of holes but modified by the virtual Frisch grid effect. The results also suggested that the effect of electron trapping could not be ruled out either. Finally, a digital correction scheme was applied to recover the 137Cs spectrum from the effect of charge loss.
Origin of room temperature ferromagnetism in MgO films
Authors: Li Jing , Jiang Yinzhu , Li Yong , Yang Deren , Xu Yongbing , Yan Mi
Published: February 2013

We report a systematic study of the crystallinity dependence of room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in pure MgO thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. A sequential transition from ferromagnetism to diamagnetism as a function of deposition temperature is observed. All the samples deposited from room temperature (RT) to 200 °C show clear RTFM, and the magnetization decreases monotonically with the increase of the substrate temperature, whereas the MgO film grown at 300 °C shows diamagnetism behavior like bulk MgO sample. The maximum saturation magnetization of 8 emu/cm3 is obtained for the MgO film deposited at RT, which degrades dramatically after crystallization under the annealing in both vacuum and air atmosphere. Further photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies reveal that the ferromagnetism in the MgO thin films is correlated directly with the Mg vacancies.
Piezoelectric resonators based on self-assembled diphenylalanine microtubes
Authors: Bosne E. D. , Heredia A. , Kopyl S. , Karpinsky D. V. , Pinto A. G. , Kholkin A. L.
Published: February 2013

Piezoelectric actuation has been widely used in microelectromechanical devices including resonance-based biosensors, mass detectors, resonators, etc. These were mainly produced by micromachining of Si and deposited inorganic piezoelectrics based on metal oxides or perovskite-type materials which have to be further functionalized in order to be used in biological applications. In this work, we demonstrate piezoelectrically driven micromechanical resonators based on individual self-assembled diphenylalanine microtubes with strong intrinsic piezoelectric effect. Tubes of different diameters and lengths were grown from the solution and assembled on a rigid support. The conducting tip of the commercial atomic force microscope was then used to both excite vibrations and study resonance behavior. Efficient piezoelectric actuation at the fundamental resonance frequency ≈2.7 MHz was achieved with a quality factor of 114 for a microtube of 277 μm long. A possibility of using piezoelectric dipeptides for biosensor applications is discussed.
Large amplitude solitary waves in a warm magnetoplasma with kappa distributed electrons
Authors: El-Tantawy S. A. , El-Bedwehy N. A. , Abd El-Razek H. N. , Mahmood S.
Published: February 2013

The large amplitude nonlinear ion acoustic solitary wave propagating obliquely to an external magnetic field in a magnetized plasma with kappa distributed electrons and warm ions is investigated through deriving energy-balance-like expression involving a Sagdeev potential. Analytical and numerical calculations of the values of Mach number reveal that both of subsonic and supersonic electrostatic solitary structures can exist in this system. The influence on the soliton characteristics of relevant physical parameters such as the Mach number, the superthermal parameter, the directional cosine, the ratio of ion-to-electron temperature, and the ion gyrofrequency has been investigated.
Rare Earth Elements Geochemistry of Sheikh‐Marut Laterite Deposit, NW Mahabad, West‐Azarbaidjan Province, Iran
Authors: ABEDINI Ali , CALAGARI Ali Asghar
Published: February 2013

Laterite deposit at Sheikh‐Marut (NW Mahabad, West‐Azarbaidjan province, Iran) occurred within middle–upper Permian carbonate rocks. It consists of seven stratiform and/or discontinuous lenticular layers extending over 4.2 km in length and having thicknesses ranging from 3 to 14 m. Mineralogical data show that the ores contain kaolinite and hematite as major and boehmite, diaspore, halloysite, amesite, anatase, and muscovite‐illite as minor mineral phases. The computed Ce anomaly values in the ores range from 0.05 to 20.84. Conservative index (e.g., Eu/Eu*) suggests that this deposit is a product of alteration and weathering of basaltic rocks. Rhythmic increment of ΣREE values of the ores with approaching to the carbonate bedrocks shows an in‐situ occurrence of lateritization processes. Mass change calculations of elements indicate that two competing processes namely leaching and fixation were the major regulating factors in concentration variation of REEs (La–Lu) in this deposit The obtained results show that pH increase of weathering solutions by carbonate bedrocks, existence of organic matters, and the degree of comlexation with organic ligands played remarkable role in distribution of REEs during lateritization. Further geochemical considerations revealed that secondary phosphates, Mn‐oxides and ‐hydroxides, diaspore, and anatase were the potential hosts for REEs in this deposit.