bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social determinants of the non-use of the explicit health guarantees plan (the GES plan)
Authors: Alvear-Vega Sandra , Vargas-Garrido Héctor
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The public policy called Explicit health guarantees (GES) could serve as a basis for the future implementation of universal health coverage in Chile. An improvement in the quality of health of the Chilean population has been observed since the launching of the GES, which has a high adherence (84% of the beneficiary population uses this health program). This work seeks the social determinants related to a portion of the remaining 16% of people who do not use the GES.

Methods

This secondary analysis study used a sample of GES recipients (n = 164,786) from the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) 2020. The GES recipients included in the study responded that they had been under medical treatment for 20 of the 85 pathologies included in the GES, and they had not had access to such policy due to “trust in physician/facility,“ “decided not to wait,“ or “lack of information.” The CASEN survey chose the 20 pathologies. The Average Marginal Effects of social determinants of the non-use of the GES health plan were predicted using multivariable and panel multinomial probit regression analyses, where the outcome variable assumed three possible values (the three reasons for not accessing) while taking those variables reported in previous studies as independent variables.

Results

A higher probability of non-access due to distrust in the physician/facility among adults with higher economic income was found. Among those who prefer not to wait are vulnerable groups of people: women, people with a lower-middle income, those who belong to groups with longer waiting times, and ethnic groups. The people who least access the GES due to lack of information correspond to part of the migrant population and those belonging to the lowest income group.

Conclusions

The GES policy must necessarily improve the timeliness and quality of the services to make them attractive to groups that currently do not have access to them, managing waiting times rather than referrals and using patient-centered evaluations, especially in those most vulnerable groups that do not access GES because they choose not to wait or lack the necessary information, thereby improving their health literacy.
Optimized methyl donor and reduced precursor degradation pathway for seleno-methylselenocysteine production in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Yin Xian , Zhao Meiyi , Zhou Yu , Yang Hulin , Liao Yonghong , Wang Fenghuan
Published: October 2023

Background

Seleno-methylselenocysteine (SeMCys) is an effective component of selenium supplementation with anti-carcinogenic potential that can ameliorate neuropathology and cognitive deficits. In a previous study, a SeMCys producing strain of Bacillus subtilis GBACB was generated by releasing feedback inhibition by overexpression of cysteine-insensitive serine O-acetyltransferase, enhancing the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine as methyl donor by overexpression of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, and expressing heterologous selenocysteine methyltransferase. In this study, we aimed to improve GBACB SeMCys production by synthesizing methylmethionine as a donor to methylate selenocysteine and by inhibiting the precursor degradation pathway.

Results

First, the performance of three methionine S-methyltransferases that provide methylmethionine as a methyl donor for SeMCys production was determined. Integration of the NmMmt gene into GBACB improved SeMCys production from 20.7 to 687.4 μg/L. Next, the major routes for the degradation of selenocysteine, which is the precursor of SeMCys, were revealed by comparing selenocysteine hyper-accumulating and non-producing strains at the transcriptional level. The iscSB knockout strain doubled SeMCys production. Moreover, deleting sdaA, which is responsible for the degradation of serine as a precursor of selenocysteine, enhanced SeMCys production to 4120.3 μg/L. Finally, the culture conditions in the flasks were optimized. The strain was tolerant to higher selenite content in the liquid medium and the titer of SeMCys reached 7.5 mg/L.

Conclusions

The significance of methylmethionine as a methyl donor for SeMCys production in B. subtilis is reported, and enhanced precursor supply facilitates SeMCys synthesis. The results represent the highest SeMCys production to date and provide insight into Se metabolism.
Analysis of genetic biomarkers, polymorphisms in ADME-related genes and their impact on pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Rehman Khurram , Iqbal Zoya , Zhiqin Deng , Ayub Hina , Saba Naseem , Khan Muzammil Ahamd , Yujie Liang , Duan Li
Published: October 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a non-cutaneous malignancy in males with wide variation in incidence rates across the globe. It is the second most reported cause of cancer death. Its etiology may have been linked to genetic polymorphisms, which are not only dominating cause of malignancy casualties but also exerts significant effects on pharmacotherapy outcomes. Although many therapeutic options are available, but suitable candidates identified by useful biomarkers can exhibit maximum therapeutic efficacy. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported in androgen receptor signaling genes influence the effectiveness of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors and androgen deprivation therapy. Furthermore, SNPs located in genes involved in transport, drug metabolism, and efflux pumps also influence the efficacy of pharmacotherapy. Hence, SNPs biomarkers provide the basis for individualized pharmacotherapy. The pharmacotherapeutic options for PCa include hormonal therapy, chemotherapy (Docetaxel, Mitoxantrone, Cabazitaxel, and Estramustine, etc.), and radiotherapy. Here, we overview the impact of SNPs reported in various genes on the pharmacotherapy for PCa and evaluate current genetic biomarkers with an emphasis on early diagnosis and individualized treatment strategy in PCa.
Identifying critical windows of air pollution exposure during preconception and gestational period on birthweight: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Liao Jiawen , Zhang Yi , Yang Zhenchun , Qiu Chenyu , Chen Wu , Zhang Junfeng Jim , Berhane Kiros , Bai Zhipeng , Han Bin , Xu Jia , Jiang Yong-hui , Gilliland Frank , Yan Weili , Huang Guoying , Chen Zhanghua
Published: October 2023

Background

Few studies have assessed air pollution exposure association with birthweight during both preconception and gestational periods.

Methods

Leveraging a preconception cohort consisting of 14220 pregnant women and newborn children in Shanghai, China during 2016–2018, we aim to assess associations of NO2 and PM2.5 exposure, derived from high-resolution spatial-temporal models, during preconception and gestational periods with outcomes including term birthweight, birthweight Z-score, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA). Linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate 3-month preconception and trimester-averaged air pollution exposure associations; and distributed lag models (DLM) were used to identify critical exposure windows at the weekly resolution from preconception to delivery. Two-pollutant models and children’s sex-specific associations were explored.

Results

After controlling for covariates, one standard deviation (SD) (11.5 μg/m3, equivalent to 6.1 ppb) increase in NO2 exposure during the second and the third trimester was associated with 13% (95% confidence interval: 2 – 26%) and 14% (95% CI: 1 – 29%) increase in SGA, respectively; and one SD (9.6 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 exposure during the third trimester was associated with 15% (95% CI: 1 – 31%) increase in SGA. No association have been found for outcomes of birthweight, birthweight Z-score and LGA. DLM found that gestational weeks 22–32 were a critical window, when NO2 exposure had strongest associations with SGA. The associations of air pollution exposure tended to be stronger in female newborns than in male newborns. However, no significant associations of air pollution exposure during preconception period on birthweight outcomes were found.

Conclusion

Consistent with previous studies, we found that air pollution exposure during mid-to-late pregnancy was associated with adverse birthweight outcomes.
Effect of resistance training and high-intensity interval training on metabolic parameters and serum level of Sirtuin1 in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kazemi Saeid Shamlou , Heidarianpour Ali , Shokri Elnaz
Published: October 2023

Background

The present study analyzes the influence of resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic indices and serum levels of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in postmenopausal women who suffer from the metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods

45 postmenopausal women aged 45–65 years with MetS were divided into two intervention groups (RT and HIIT) and one control group, each consisting of 15 people. The RT group performed resistance training for both the upper and lower body, while the HIIT group completed 3 min(min) of high-intensity training at 80–90% of their maximum heart rate (HRmax), followed by moderate walking for 3 min at 55–65% of HRmax. These sessions were conducted for a duration of eight weeks and three times a week, with the samples being collected at the baseline and at the end of the treatment, i.e., week 8.

Results

The results showed that weight, waist circumference, body mass index, fat mass, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased, and SIRT1 increased significantly in both training groups. Systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, HbA1C, and FBS decreased more in the HIIT group. Skeletal muscle mass and 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) increased more in the RT group.

Conclusions

RT and HIIT serve as one of the most effective strategies for therapeutically treating patients with metabolic syndrome.

Trial registration

IRCT, IRCT20221120056548N1. Registered 23 November 2022 - Retrospectively registered.
Combination of ferroptosis and pyroptosis dual induction by triptolide nano-MOFs for immunotherapy of Melanoma
Authors: Wang Shengmei , Guo Qiuyan , Xu Rubing , Lin Peng , Deng Guoyan , Xia Xinhua
Published: October 2023

Immunotherapy has good potential to eradicate tumors in the long term. However, due to the low immunogenicity of tumor cells, current cancer immunotherapies are not effective. To address this limitation, we constructed a BSA-FA functionalized iron-containing metal-organic framework (TPL@TFBF) that triggers a potent systemic anti-tumor immune response by inducing ferroptosis and pyroptosis in tumor cells and releasing large quantities of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to induce immunogenicity, and showing excellent efficacy against melanoma lung metastases in vivo. This nanoplatform forms a metal-organic framework through the coordination between tannic acid (TA) and Fe3+ and is then loaded with triptolide (TPL), which is coated with FA-modified BSA. The nanoparticles target melanoma cells by FA modification, releasing TPL, Fe3+ and TA. Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ by TA, triggering the Fenton reaction and resulting in ROS production. Moreover, TPL increases the production of intracellular ROS by inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor (Nrf2). Such simultaneous amplification of intracellular ROS induces the cells to undergo ferroptosis and pyroptosis, releasing large amounts of DAMPs, which stimulate antigen presentation of dendritic cells (DCs) and the proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4+/CD8 + T cells) to inhibit tumor and lung metastasis. In addition, combining nanoparticle treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) further inhibits melanoma growth. This work provides a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy based on various combinations of cell death mechanisms.
Downregulation of the glucose transporter GLUT 1 in the cerebral microvasculature contributes to postoperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice
Authors: Chen Ying , Joo Jin , Chu John Man-Tak , Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung , Wong Gordon Tin-Chun
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is essential for glucose transport into the brain and is predominantly expressed in the cerebral microvasculature. Downregulation of GLUT1 precedes the development of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative conditions. Surgical trauma induces blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, neuronal mitochondria dysfunction, and acute cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that surgery reduces the expression of GLUT1 in the BBB that in turn disrupts its integrity and contributes to metabolic dysregulation in the brain that culminates in postoperative cognitive impairment.

Methodology

Using an abdominal surgery model in aged WT mice, we assessed the perioperative changes in cognitive performance, tight junction proteins expression, GLUT1 expression, and the associated metabolic effects in the hippocampus. Thereafter, we evaluated the effects of these parameters in aged mice with conditional overexpression of GLUT1, and then again in aged mice with conditional overexpression of GLUT1 with or without prior exposure to the GLUT1 inhibitor ST-31.

Results

We showed a significant decline in cognitive performance, along with GLUT1 reduction and diminished glucose metabolism, especially in the ATP level in the postoperative mice compared with controls. Overexpression of GLUT1 expression alleviated postoperative cognitive decline and improved metabolic profiles, especially in adenosine, but did not directly restore ATP generation to control levels. GLUT1 inhibition ameliorated the postoperative beneficial effects of GLUT1 overexpression.

Conclusions

Surgery-induced GLUT1 reduction significantly contributes to postoperative cognitive deficits in aged mice by affecting glucose metabolism in the brain. It indicates the potential of targeting GLUT1 to ameliorate perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
Paracrine activin B-NF-κB signaling shapes an inflammatory tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer via fibroblast reprogramming
Authors: Jin Yangbing , Cai Qu , Wang Lingquan , Ji Jun , Sun Ying , Jiang Jinling , Wang Chao , Wu Junwei , Zhang Benyan , Zhao Liqin , Qi Feng , Yu Beiqin , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2023

Background

Important roles of INHBB in various malignancies are increasingly identified. The underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) microenvironment are still greatly unexplored.

Methods

The clinical significance of INHBB and the correlation between INHBB and p-p65 in GC were assessed through analyzing publicly available databases and human paraffin embedded GC tissues. The biological crosstalk of INHBB between GC cells and fibroblasts was explored both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq analyses were performed to determine the mechanisms which regulating fibroblasts reprogramming. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay were used to verify the binding relationship of p65 and INHBB in GC cells.

Results

Our study showed that INHBB level was significantly higher in GC, and that increased INHBB was associated with poor survival. INHBB positively regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells in vitro. Also, activin B promotes the occurrence of GC by reprogramming fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The high expression of INHBB in GC cells activates the NF-κB pathway of normal gastric fibroblasts by secreting activin B, and promotes fibroblasts proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, activin B activates NF-κB pathway by controlling TRAF6 autoubiquitination to induce TAK1 phosphorylation in fibroblasts. Fibroblasts activated by activin B can induce the activation of p65 phosphorylation of GC cells by releasing pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β. p65 can directly bind to the INHBB promoter and increase the INHBB transcription of GC cells, thus establishing a positive regulatory feedback loop to promote the progression of GC.

Conclusions

GC cells p65/INHBB/activin B and fibroblasts p65/IL-1β signal loop led to the formation of a whole tumor-promoting inflammatory microenvironment, which might be a promising therapeutic target for GC.
Commonalities and differences in set-up and data collection across European spondyloarthritis registries — results from the EuroSpA collaboration
Authors: Linde Louise , Ørnbjerg Lykke M. , Rasmussen Simon H. , Love Thorvardur Jon , Loft Anne Gitte , Závada Jakub , Vencovský Jiří , Laas Karin , Nordstrom Dan , Sokka-Isler Tuulikki , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Gröndal Gerdur , Iannone Florenzo , Ramonda Roberta , Hellamand Pasoon , Kristianslund Eirik K. , Kvien Tore K. , Rodrigues Ana M. , Santos Maria J. , Codreanu Catalin , Rotar Ziga , Tomšič Matija , Castrejon Isabel , Díaz-Gonzáles Federico , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Ljung Lotta , Nissen Michael J. , Ciurea Adrian , Macfarlane Gary J. , Heddle Maureen , Glintborg Bente , Østergaard Mikkel , Hetland Merete L.
Published: October 2023

Background

In European axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) clinical registries, we aimed to investigate commonalities and differences in (1) set-up, clinical data collection; (2) data availability and completeness; and (3) wording, recall period, and scale used for selected patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods

Data was obtained as part of the EuroSpA Research Collaboration Network and consisted of (1) an online survey and follow-up interview, (2) upload of real-world data, and (3) selected PROMs included in the online survey.

Results

Fifteen registries participated, contributing 33,948 patients (axSpA: 21,330 (63%), PsA: 12,618 (37%)). The reported coverage of eligible patients ranged from 0.5 to 100%. Information on age, sex, biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment, disease duration, and C-reactive protein was available in all registries with data completeness between 85% and 100%. All PROMs (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity and Functional Indices, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and patient global, pain and fatigue assessments) were more complete after 2015 (68–86%) compared to prior (50–79%). Patient global, pain and fatigue assessments showed heterogeneity between registries in terms of wording, recall periods, and scale.

Conclusion

Important heterogeneity in registry design and data collection across fifteen European axSpA and PsA registries was observed. Several core measures were widely available, and an increase in data completeness of PROMs in recent years was identified. This study might serve as a basis for examining how differences in data collection across registries may impact the results of collaborative research in the future.
A small-molecule TLR4 antagonist reduced neuroinflammation in female E4FAD mice
Authors: Balu Deebika , Valencia-Olvera Ana C. , Nguyen Austin , Patnam Mehul , York Jason , Peri Francesco , Neumann Frank , LaDu Mary Jo , Tai Leon M.
Published: October 2023

Background

APOE genotype is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). APOE4 increases AD risk up to 12-fold compared to APOE3, an effect that is greater in females. Evidence suggests that one-way APOE could modulate AD risk and progression through neuroinflammation. Indeed, APOE4 is associated with higher glial activation and cytokine levels in AD patients and mice. Therefore, identifying pathways that contribute to APOE4-associated neuroinflammation is an important approach for understanding and treating AD. Human and in vivo evidence suggests that TLR4, one of the key receptors involved in the innate immune system, could be involved in APOE-modulated neuroinflammation. Consistent with that idea, we previously demonstrated that the TLR4 antagonist IAXO-101 can reduce LPS- and Aβ-induced cytokine secretion in APOE4 glial cultures. Therefore, the goal of this study was to advance these findings and determine whether IAXO-101 can modulate neuroinflammation, Aβ pathology, and behavior in mice that express APOE4.

Methods

We used mice that express five familial AD mutations and human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD). Female and male E4FAD mice and female E3FAD mice were treated with vehicle or IAXO-101 in two treatment paradigms: prevention from 4 to 6 months of age or reversal from 6 to 7 months of age. Learning and memory were assessed by modified Morris water maze. Aβ deposition, fibrillar amyloid deposition, astrogliosis, and microgliosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Soluble levels of Aβ and apoE, insoluble levels of apoE and Aβ, and IL-1β were measured by ELISA.

Results

IAXO-101 treatment resulted in lower Iba-1 coverage, lower number of reactive microglia, and improved memory in female E4FAD mice in both prevention and reversal paradigms. IAXO-101-treated male E4FAD mice also had lower Iba-1 coverage and reactivity in the RVS paradigm, but there was no effect on behavior. There was also no effect of IAXO-101 treatment on neuroinflammation and behavior in female E3FAD mice.

Conclusion

Our data supports that TLR4 is a potential mechanistic therapeutic target for modulating neuroinflammation and cognition in APOE4 females.
Spatial transcriptomics reveal basal sex differences in supraoptic nucleus gene expression of adult rats related to cell signaling and ribosomal pathways
Authors: Nguyen Dianna H. , Duque Victor , Phillips Nicole , Mecawi André Souza , Cunningham J. Thomas
Published: October 2023

Background

The supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus contains magnocellular neurosecretory cells that secrete the hormones vasopressin and oxytocin. Sex differences in SON gene expression have been relatively unexplored. Our study used spatially resolved transcriptomics to visualize gene expression profiles in the SON of adult male (n = 4) and female (n = 4) Sprague-Dawley rats using Visium Spatial Gene Expression (10x Genomics).

Methods

Briefly, 10-μm coronal sections (~ 4 × 4 mm) containing the SON were collected from each rat and processed using Visium slides and recommended protocols. Data were analyzed using 10x Genomics’ Space Ranger and Loupe Browser applications and other bioinformatic tools. Two unique differential expression (DE) analysis methods, Loupe Browser and DESeq2, were used.

Results

Loupe Browser DE analysis of the SON identified 116 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to both sexes (e.g., Avp and Oxt), 31 significant DEGs unique to the males, and 73 significant DEGs unique to the females. DESeq2 analysis revealed 183 significant DEGs between the two groups. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and pathway analyses using significant genes identified via Loupe Browser revealed GO terms and pathways related to (1) neurohypophyseal hormone activity, regulation of peptide hormone secretion, and regulation of ion transport for the significant genes common to both males and females, (2) Gi signaling/G-protein mediated events for the significant genes unique to males, and (3) potassium ion transport/voltage-gated potassium channels for the significant genes unique to females, as some examples. GO/pathway analyses using significant genes identified via DESeq2 comparing female vs. male groups revealed GO terms/pathways related to ribosomal structure/function. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified additional sex differences in canonical pathways (e.g., ‘Mitochondrial Dysfunction’, ‘Oxidative Phosphorylation’) and upstream regulators (e.g., CSF3, NFKB complex, TNF, GRIN3A).

Conclusion

There was little overlap in the IPA results for the two different DE methods. These results suggest sex differences in SON gene expression that are associated with cell signaling and ribosomal pathways.
Profiling orthorexia nervosa in young adults: the role of obsessive behaviour, perfectionism, and self-esteem
Authors: Mahfoud Daniella , Pardini Susanna , Mróz Magdalena , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar , Akel Marwan , Novara Caterina , Brytek-Matera Anna
Published: October 2023

Background

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a relatively new potential eating disorder characterized by an intense fixation on one’s eating habits and the imposition of rigid and inflexible rules on oneself. Psychological factors such as obsessive–compulsive tendencies, perfectionism and self-esteem may interact in complex ways and contribute to the development and maintenance of ON.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 977 participants from Italy, Lebanon, and Poland. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic information, the Eating Habits Questionnaire, Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of individuals with common psychological characteristics associated with ON.

Results

Three distinct clusters were identified based on their levels of obsession-compulsive beliefs, perfectionism, and self-esteem. The first group, labeled “High Self-Mastery,” consisted of 37.0% of participants and exhibited low levels of obsession-compulsion, obsessive beliefs, and perfectionism, but high self-esteem. The second group, “Moderate Self-Mastery,” comprised 39.5% of participants and had moderate levels of these traits. The third group, “Low Self-Mastery,” consisted of 23.6% of participants and exhibited the highest levels of obsession-compulsion, obsessive beliefs, and perfectionism, but the lowest self-esteem. Additionally, a multivariable analysis revealed that being Lebanese (Beta = 3.39) and belonging to the last cluster (Beta = 4.53) were significantly associated with higher ON tendencies.

Conclusion

Our findings show that individuals with low self-mastery, characterized by low self-esteem and high levels of obsessive perfectionism, are more likely to exhibit ON tendencies. This study emphasizes the need to have a comprehensive understanding of how cultural and psychological factors interact in the development of eating disorders.
Protective factors for psychosocial outcomes following cumulative childhood adversity: systematic review
Authors: Buchanan Mary , Walker Grace , Boden Joseph M. , Mansoor Zara , Newton-Howes Giles
Published: October 2023

Background

The long-term cumulative impact of exposure to childhood adversity is well documented. There is an increasing body of literature examining protective factors following childhood adversity. However, no known reviews have summarised studies examining protective factors for broad psychosocial outcomes following childhood adversity.

Aims

To summarise the current evidence from longitudinal studies of protective factors for adult psychosocial outcomes following cumulative exposure to childhood adversity.

Method

We conducted a formal systematic review of studies that were longitudinal; were published in a peer-reviewed journal; examined social, environmental or psychological factors that were measured following a cumulative measure of childhood adversity; and resulted in more positive adult psychosocial outcomes.

Results

A total of 28 studies from 23 cohorts were included. Because of significant heterogeneity and conceptual differences in the final sample of articles, a meta-analysis was not conducted. The narrative review identified that social support is a protective factor specifically for mental health outcomes following childhood adversity. Findings also suggest that aspects of education are protective factors to adult socioeconomic, mental health and social outcomes following childhood adversity. Personality factors were protective for a variety of outcomes, particularly mental health. The personality factors were too various to summarise into meaningful combined effects. Overall GRADE quality assessments were low and very low, although these scores mostly reflect that all observational studies are low quality by default.

Conclusions

These findings support strategies that improve connection and access to education following childhood adversity exposure. Further research is needed for the roles of personality and dispositional factors, romantic relationship factors and the combined influences of multiple protective factors.
Prolactin Inhibits or Stimulates the Inflammatory Response of Joint Tissues in a Cytokine-dependent Manner
Authors: García-Rodrigo Jose Fernando , Ortiz Georgina , Martínez-Díaz Oscar Fernando , Furuzawa-Carballeda Janette , Ruíz-Herrera Xarubet , Macias Fernando , Ledesma-Colunga María G , Martínez de la Escalera Gonzalo , Clapp Carmen
Published: October 2023

The close association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sex, reproductive state, and stress has long linked prolactin (PRL) to disease progression. PRL has both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory outcomes in RA, but responsible mechanisms are not understood. Here, we show that PRL modifies in an opposite manner the proinflammatory actions of IL-1β and TNF-α in mouse synovial fibroblasts in culture. Both IL-1β and TNF-α upregulated the metabolic activity and the expression of proinflammatory factors (Il1b, Inos, and Il6) via the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. However, IL-1β increased and TNF-α decreased the levels of the long PRL receptor isoform in association with dual actions of PRL on synovial fibroblast inflammatory response. PRL reduced the proinflammatory effect and activation of NF-κB by IL-1β but increased TNF-α-induced inflammation and NF-κB signaling. The double-faceted role of PRL against the 2 cytokines manifested also in vivo. IL-1β or TNF-α with or without PRL were injected into the knee joints of healthy mice, and joint inflammation was monitored after 24 hours. IL-1β and TNF-α increased the joint expression of proinflammatory factors and the infiltration of immune cells. PRL prevented the actions of IL-1β but was either inactive or further increased the proinflammatory effect of TNF-α. We conclude that PRL exerts opposite actions on joint inflammation in males and females that depend on specific proinflammatory cytokines, the level of the PRL receptor, and the activation of NF-κB signaling. Dual actions of PRL may help balance joint inflammation in RA and provide insights for development of new treatments.
Inscribing New Infrastructural Relations into the World
Authors: Attewell Wesley , Mitchell-Eaton Emily , Nisa Richard , Cowen Deborah , Khalili Laleh
Published: October 2023

Scholars Deborah Cowen and Laleh Khalili engage in a lively discussion that explores the political stakes of infrastructural projects, the organizing logics that infrastructures advance and curtail, and the importance of highlighting the forms of labor, protest, and “making do” that are shaped by and in infrastructure’s long shadows. They also discuss the possibilities of world-building that move us away from the logics of spatial containment that dispossess and toward infrastructures of freedom, and how the struggles over the terms of these goals are inextricable from particular, local, intimate geographies.
Parasymptomatic Reading: Medical Kink, Care, and the Surface/Depth Debate
Authors: Freeman Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Talia Schaffer has noted that care work needn’t be joined with the feeling of care. This article extends this insight to explore medical kink (“sadomedicine”) as a form of distantiated yet attuned care work that resituates the literary debates on symptomatic versus surface reading. Through the performances of Bob Flanagan, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps’s 1882 novel Doctor Zay, the 1991 film Misery and its source novel, and Maria Beatty’s 2009 film Bandaged, sadomedicine is situated as an engagement with symptoms that delights in surfaces but that might also exacerbate symptoms, introduce them from outside the text, and/or attend to symptoms disconnected from deep pathologies. The term “parasymptomatic reading” conceptualizes this play with symptoms and the surface/depth distinction: it captures the role of the parasympathetic nervous system and its connection to surface bodily responses, the dialectic of sympathy and symptomaticity, and the meaning of the prefix “para” to indicate both proximity and error.
Family Corporation v. Minstrel Feminism: Reproducing Religious Freedom from Hobby Lobby to Notorious R.B.G.
Authors: Hulsether Lucia
Published: October 2023

This article interrogates feminist frameworks for understanding the racial and sexual politics of United States secularism. It theorizes the history of religious freedom law as a history of racial performance. Reading the aesthetic practices surrounding the Burwell v. Hobby Lobby case and the subsequent consumer culture flurry around Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and building on accounts of religious freedom law as a vehicle for launching competing rights-based claims, the author shows the processes through which Hobby Lobby’s Christian family secured its religious exemption by conjuring ghosts of settler dispossession of indigenous people, even as an elderly Jewish justice was made to refuse submissive white femininity in the likeness of rapper Biggie Smalls. Circulated as competing minstrel brands, both performances consolidate the anti-Black and settler colonial grounds on which religious freedom laws—as well as some forms of mainstream protest against them—have flourished under neoliberal capitalism.
The Wiz Khalifa Controversy and Hip-Hop's Pablo Escobar Archives
Authors: Esquivel-Suarez Fernando
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes the controversy caused in 2017 by US rapper Wiz Khalifa's narco-tour photos in Medellín, Colombia. Narco-tours are day-long excursions through the mobster Pablo Escobar's landmarks in the city: his properties, the neighborhoods he built, and the roof where the police killed him after years of waging war against the Colombian state. Unlike the polemic films and series on the Colombian drug lord, the Wiz Khalifa controversy was the first time an outcry about the depiction of Escobar was aimed at a US Black artist, particularly a rapper. The outraged reaction exhibited by politicians, audiences, and the national media reveal an unexplored archive of exchanges, miscommunications, and negotiations between, on one hand, a long list of hip-hop household names—including Jay-Z, Nas, Kanye West, Lil Wayne, and many others—who have incorporated the image of Escobar in their music, lyrics, aesthetics, and rhetoric and, on the other hand, Colombian institutional memorialization of the war on drugs. The author argues that Wiz Khalifa's pictures exemplify how mainstream hip-hop brings together the images of the Black American “hustler” and the Latin American “narco.” The juxtaposition of these two images is a denunciation of the similar conditions in Colombia and the United States that force people into the trade as well as a complicated and gory representation of the neoliberal ethos Escobar represents. The article concludes by registering how hip-hop's artistic uses of “Pablo”—as Escobar is known in the genre—clash with Colombian elites’ iconoclastic and moralistic stance in opposition to any representation of Escobar in the media.
Vertebral Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass for Flow Augmentation
Authors: Bram Richard , Almadidy Zayed , Souter John , Roskova Ivana , Charbel Fady T.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:

Extracranial–intracranial bypass remains an enduring procedure for a select group of patients suffering from steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Although the superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass is most familiar among neurosurgeons, particular circumstances preclude the use of an STA donor. In such cases, alternative revascularization strategies must be pursued.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 63-year-old female presented with symptoms of hemodynamic insufficiency and was found to have left common carotid artery occlusion at the origin. She experienced progressive watershed ischemia and pressure-dependent fluctuations in her neurological examination despite maximum medical therapy. The ipsilateral STA was unsuitable for use as a donor vessel. We performed an extracranial vertebral artery (VA) to MCA bypass with a radial artery interposition graft.

CONCLUSION:

This technical case description and accompanying surgical video review the relevant anatomy and surgical technique for a VA-MCA bypass. The patient was ultimately discharged home at her preoperative neurological baseline with patency of the bypass. The VA can serve as a useful donor vessel for cerebral revascularization procedures in pathologies ranging from malignancies of the head and neck to cerebral aneurysms and cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease.
Language counselling: Bridging the gap between codification and language use
Authors: Vranjek Ošlak Urška
Published: October 2023

In Slovenia, language counselling activities, especially the online Language Counselling Service, help linguists fill in the gaps in codification caused by the inadequacy of current language manuals for the Slovenian standard language. In this sense, the Language Counselling Service acts as an interpreter of the linguistic information available in the language manuals and as a bridge over the codification gaps. The Service is further one of the main tools used to identify language users’ dilemmas; it automatically creates a provisional online language compendium. The knowledge gained in this way is then used by linguists to create the new normative guide for the Slovenian language.

Kokkuvõte. Urška Vranjek Ošlak: Keelenõuanne kui sild normingute ja keelekasutuse vahel. Sloveenias aitavad keelenõuande teenused, eriti veebipõhine keelenõuandla, keeleteadlastel täita lünki normingutes, mille on põhjustanud praeguste keelekäsiraamatute puudused sloveeni standardkeele kirjeldamisel. Keelenõuandla on mõnes mõttes nagu keelekäsiraamatutes oleva keelelise teabe tõlgendaja ja sild normingulünkade ületamisel. Nõuandla on ka üks peamisi viise, kuidas keelekasutajate dilemmasid tuvastada; see loob veebis automaatselt esialgse kokkuvõtte keelemuredest. Niiviisi saadud teadmisi kasutavad keeleteadlased seejärel uue normatiivse sloveeni keele käsiraamatu loomiseks.
Keeldkõne mitmuse 1. isiku vormide varieerumine ja tüpoloogiline keelemuutus: kas probleem keelekorralduse jaoks?
Authors: Lindström Liina
Published: October 2023

Artiklis käsitletakse eesti keele mitmuse 1. isiku keeldkõne moodustamise ja kasutamise varieerumist, keelemuutuse kulgu ning järeldusi keelekorralduse jaoks. Mitmuse 1. isiku keeldkõnet saab moodustada nii imperatiivi keeldkõne vorme kasutades (ärgem tehkem) kui ka indikatiivi lõppe kasutades eitussõnal ja põhisõnal (ärme teeme) või ainult eitussõnal (ärme tee). Eesti keele ühendkorpusest 2019 saadud 4964-lauselise juhuvalimi põhjal selgub, et eitussõna ärme kasutus laieneb, ärgem kahaneb ning lõputa konstruktsiooni (ärme tee) kasutus kasvab. Ärgem- ja ärme-konstruktsiooni valikus on märgata mõningaid kinnistunud väljendeid, mis üht või teist varianti eelistavad. ärgem-konstruktsiooni kasutatakse rohkem retoorilise üleskutsena koos mitteagentiivsete verbidega, ärme-konstruktsiooni kõnelejat kaasavalt ja agentiivsete verbidega. Keelemuutuse suund on indikatiivse lõputa konstruktsiooni kasutuse laienemisele. See on ühtlasi tüpoloogiline muutus, sest sümmeetriline keeldkõnevorm asendub asümmeetrilisega. Seetõttu on keelekorraldus pikalt seda muutust tõrjunud, ent 2022. aasta lõpul siiski aktsepteerinud ka lõputa vormi.

Abstract. Liina Lindström: Variation in prohibitive 1Pl forms and typological shift: a problem for language planning? Estonian shows extensive variation in the formation and use of 1Pl prohibitive forms. Older forms use a special imperative (prohibitive) negation verb, which can be conjugated (ärgem); imperative endings are repeated on the main verb (är­gem teh­kem ‘let’s not do it’). New forms use indicative endings on the negation verb (ärme) and main verb; however, the main verb may also occur as a bare stem (ärme teeme or ärme tee ‘let’s not do it’). In this paper, the variation between these three main constructions is analysed on the basis of data taken from the Estonian National Corpus 2019. It appears that use of the imperative construction (ärgem) is decreasing and use of indicative forms (ärme) is increasing; with indicative forms, there is a preference for the main verb to occur as a bare stem. This can also be seen as a typological change: symmetric negation of the imperative is replaced with an asymmetric negation construction. The imperative construction (ärgem), however, is still widely used for rhetorical purposes especially with non-agentive verbs, such as unustama ‘forget’, while the indicative construction (ärme) is typically used speaker-inclusively with agentive verbs. Language planning has resisted the asymmetric negation type so far, but accepted it finally in 2022.
Virtual Shareholder Meetings
Authors: Brochet Francois , Chychyla Roman , Ferri Fabrizio
Published: October 2023

We examine determinants and consequences of virtual shareholder meetings (VSMs) using a sample of voluntary (precoronavirus disease 2019) and forced (i.e., because of coronavirus disease 2019) VSM adopters. Voluntary adopters are tech firms and firms traditionally more engaged with shareholders, consistent with the stated objective to increase shareholder participation. In contrast, we do not find that firms choose the virtual format to avoid shareholders’ scrutiny. Textual analysis of transcripts suggests that in VSMs, business presentations by management are less frequent, shorter, and more generic but only among voluntary adopters, suggesting that these properties reflect a firm’s choice rather than are a by-product of the virtual format per se. VSMs are more likely to exhibit no questions during the question and answer period, but conditioned upon having one question, they exhibit the same number of questions; such questions are more negative in tone, inconsistent with managers using the virtual format to filter out hostile questions. Finally, there is some evidence of greater abnormal absolute returns around VSMs, supporting the notion that greater attendance translates into greater information content. Overall, VSMs exhibit less activity on average, consistent with critics’ concerns, but such reduced activity does not appear to cause a loss in information content nor does it appear to reflect an attempt to avoid scrutiny.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4946 .
Contrarians, Extrapolators, and Stock Market Momentum and Reversal
Authors: Atmaz Adem , Gulen Huseyin , Cassella Stefano , Ruan Fangcheng
Published: October 2023

We document considerable cross-investor variation in survey expectations about aggregate stock market returns. Although most investors are extrapolators who expect higher returns after a good market performance, some are contrarians who expect lower returns after a good performance. More notably, compared with extrapolators, contrarians have less persistent expectations that are corrected more quickly. We then develop a dynamic equilibrium model accounting for these differences in expectations and find that the equilibrium stock price exhibits short-term momentum and long-term reversal as in the data. Furthermore, we test the key predictions of our model linking the observable differences in extrapolators’ and contrarians’ expectations to aggregate stock market momentum and future stock performance and find supportive evidence for our model mechanism.

This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4960 .
El Trabajo de Fin de Grado en el Grado en Trabajo Social: pinceladas para el abordaje del trabajo documental
Authors: Curbelo Hernández Emiliano A.
Published: October 2023

Ha transcurrido una década desde la entrada en vigor del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, constituyendo un hecho histórico para nuestra disciplina, habida cuenta que "ha propiciado el paso de Diplomatura al Grado" (Charo et al., 2012, p. 96) lo que ha permitido equipararnos a las extintas licenciaturas, superando la tradicional desigualdad académica que, históricamente, veníamos arrastrado. Entre los requisitos para superar los estudios de Grado en Trabajo Social, es condición indispensable la elaboración y presentación de un Trabajo de Fin de Grado (en adelante TFG), documento que recoge las competencias y habilidades que, los alumnos y las alumnas, han ido adquiriendo durante todos sus años de estudio. Al respecto, se presentan unas breves orientaciones metodológicas para la elaboración del TFG en su modalidad de trabajo documental.
La simbiosis perfecta: neurociencia y Trabajo Social
Authors: Araya Perdomo M.ª Ángeles
Published: October 2023

En la visión epistemológica del Trabajo Social Clínico se refleja el trabajo con la persona desde su vertiente relacional interpersonal, intrapersonal y con el ambiente, como base del paradigma del bienestar. Este fundamento se corrobora una vez más tras la aparición de la neurociencia, la cual de forma transdisciplinar evidencia la relación neurobiológica de los procesos sociales y la salud, con los correlatos neurales del dolor social y las consecuencias del aislamiento social, que nos han permitido evolucionar como especie. Posicionando al Trabajo Social frente a impensables resultados psiconeuroinmunológicos que evidencian la salud desde la primacía social.
De la organización y el desarrollo comunitario al desarrollo local y social. Las recomposiciones del Trabajo Social
Authors: Berlanga Adel María Jesús , Lacomba Vázquez Joan
Published: October 2023

El término organización comunitaria ha caído prácticamente en desuso, mientras que el de desarrollo comunitario ha quedado notablemente restringido y ha sido eclipsado por los de desarrollo local y desarrollo social. Al mismo tiempo, cada vez es más común el empleo de términos como acción social e intervención social en el ámbito del Trabajo Social, o hablar de acción comunitaria en lugar de Trabajo Social Comunitario. Todos estos cambios terminológicos están relacionados con las transformaciones que afectan al Estado del Bienestar, las políticas sociales y el propio campo profesional del Trabajo Social. En este artículo tratamos de dar cuenta de estos cambios, así como su posible explicación e implicación.
Our Baby, Whose Choice? Certainty, Ambivalence, and Belonging in Male Infant Circumcision
Authors: Baker Lauren L.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Routine infant circumcision is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the U.S. Despite its broad societal acceptance, the practice is not without controversy. The stories included in this symposium offer rich insight into the diverse set of attitudes, values, and beliefs related to the practice of circumcision. They additionally offer insight into the complex web of personal, interpersonal, and social dynamics that inform the circumcision choices parents make for their children, the reasons parents make them, and how others can influence decisional choices. More broadly, these narratives raise important ethical questions mirrored today in broader contemporary bioethical and public discourse on the scope and limits of parental authority to make decisions for their children, power dynamics in medical decision making, and the ethics of healthcare activism. In this commentary, I discuss three sets of themes related to the ethics of circumcision running through the symposium narratives, comment on the ethical tensions and questions which emerge from each set of themes, gently problematize some of the rhetoric surrounding the ethical permissibility of circumcision, and gesture towards the future of bioethical inquiry on circumcision discourse.