bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ВИБОРУ ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕЧОВИН ДЛЯ ОДЕРЖАННЯ ТАБЛЕТОК З РОСЛИННИМИ ЕКСТРАКТАМИ ТА ЕФІРНОЮ ОЛІЄЮ
Authors: Hordiienko O. I. , Hroshovyi Т. А.
Published: October 2019

Мета роботи. Дослідити та обрати оптимальні допоміжні речовини (ДР) у склад таблеток на основі сухих екстрактів трави герані криваво-червоної, герані сибірської та ефірної олії шавлії мускатної для місцевого застосування у ротовій порожнині.

Матеріали і методи. У склад таблеток входить фармацевтична композиція, що містить сухі екстракти трави герані криваво-червоної і герані сибірської, ефірну олію шавлії мускатної, а також ДР. Вплив ДР на фармако-технологічні властивості таблеток вивчали за показниками: процес пресування, зовнішній вигляд, однорідність маси, стійкість до роздавлювання, стираність, час розпадання.

Результати й обговорення. Результати дисперсійного аналізу експериментальних даних показали, що процес пресування таблеток із МКЦ 102, натрій кроскармелозою та неусіліном UFL2 проходив рівномірно, без адгезії порошкових мас до прес-інструмента. Таблетки із неусіліном UFL 2, компактролом, Ді-Пак і просолвом SMCC 90 мали найкращий зовнішній вигляд. Однорідність маси таблеток в межах ±5 % забезпечували наступні ДР: компактрол, емкомпрес, крохмаль кукурудзяний і прежелатинізований, натрій стеарилфумарат, магній карбонат основний, МКЦ 102, манітол 60. Найміцніші таблетки отримували з допомогою неусіліну US 2, МКЦ 200, натрій карбоксиметилкрохмалю, мікроцелаку 100, Ді-Паку і магній стеарату. Неусілін UFL 2, емкомпрес, МКЦ 102, крохмаль прежелатинізований, лудіпрес і кислота стеаринова дозволили отримати таблетки із найменшою стираністю. А найшвидше розпадались таблетки із натрій кроскармелозою, аеросилом 200, МКЦ бурстом, манітолом 60, емкомпресом і натрій  стеарилфумаратом. 

Висновки.   За сукупністю вивчених показників відібрані кращі поєднання ДР для подальшого вивчення з метою розробки оптимального складу та технології таблеток для місцевого застосування у ротовій порожнині.
РОЗРОБКА СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧНОЇ МЕТОДИКИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ФЛАВОНОЇДІВ У СУХОМУ ЕКСТРАКТІ ПАГОНІВ ЧОРНИЦІ
Authors: Vronska L. V. , Ivanusa I. B.
Published: October 2019

Мета роботи. Розробка спектрофотометричної методики кількісного визначення суми флавоноїдів в екстракті пагонів чорниці з використанням попередньо гідролізу їхніх глікозидних форм і екстракції отриманих агліконів.

Матеріали і методи. Сухий екстракт отримано з подрібнених пагонів чорниці методом дробної мацерації з використанням 50 – 70 % етанолу (об/об) як екстрагента. У роботі застосовували стандартний зразок кверцетину (Sigma-Aldrich). Запис електронних спектрів поглинання і вимірювання абсорбції здійснювали на спектрофотометрі Lambda 25 (PerkinElmer Ltd., США).

Результати й обговорення. Для підвищення селективності спектрофотометричного визначення флавоноїдів і уникнення впливу присутніх в екстракті гідроксикоричних кислот і хлорофілів спершу виділяли аглікони флавоноїдів, а потім кількісно визначали. Для цього було досліджено умови гідролізу глікозидів флавоноїдів в ацетоново-водному середовищі в присутності хлоридної кислоти та наступної екстракції агліконів етилацетатом. Встановлено, що отримані аглікони утворюють з алюмінію хлоридом комплекс, який має в електронному спектрі поглинання максимум при довжині хвилі 425 нм і для перерахунку вмісту суми флавоноїдів можна використати кверцетин як стандартну речовину. Було підібрано умови пробопідготовки і спектрофотометричного вимірювання, які дозволили проводити розрахунок вмісту методом стандарту. Лінійність, прецизійність і правильність методики експериментально доведено у діапазоні 20-250 % від очікуваного вмісту, що вказує на придатність запропонованої методики для кількісного визначення флавоноїдів в екстракті пагонів чорниці.

Висновки. Розроблено спектрофотометричну методику кількісного визначення флавоноїдів у сухому екстракті пагонів чорниці, яка дозволяє уникнути впливу гідроксикоричних кислот, присутніх в екстракті в значній кількості. Проведено вивчення лінійності, прецизійності і правильності методики в діапазоні 1,232 – 15,400 мкг кверцетину в 1мл кінцевого вимірюваного розчину (20 – 250 % від очікуваного вмісту), результати якого вказують на придатність методики для визначення вмісту флавоноїдів у сухому екстракті пагонів чорниці.
Feasibility and Clinical Significance of In Vivo Cholesterol Crystal Detection Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Katayama Yosuke , Tanaka Atsushi , Taruya Akira , Kashiwagi Manabu , Nishiguchi Tsuyoshi , Ozaki Yuichi , Matsuo Yoshiki , Kitabata Hironori , Kubo Takashi , Shimada Emi , Kondo Toshikazu , Akasaka Takashi
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Cholesterol crystals (CCs) are frequently found at the site of acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs), but the role of CCs in the onset of AMI remains unclear due to the lack of validated in vivo imaging tools. The aim of this study was to validate the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect CCs and to compare the prevalence and distribution of CCs in patients with AMIs and stable angina pectoris.

Approach and Results:

CC assessment using OCT were compared with histopathology results in 45 coronary samples. We investigated 152 consecutive patients with AMIs and 41 patients with single vessel-diseased stable angina pectoris. Based on the presence of plaque ruptures (PR), AMI patients were divided into 2 groups: those with PR (n=112) and those without PR (n=40). CCs invading fibrous caps were defined as superficial-type CCs. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine PR predictors. The sensitivity and specificity of OCT for detecting CCs were 68% and 92%, respectively. The prevalence of plaques with CCs was higher in the AMI with PR group (AMI with PR 81%, AMI without PR 48%, stable angina pectoris 39%,
P
<0.01). A multivariable logistic model showed that superficial-type CCs and thin-cap fibroatheromas were positive predictors for PR.

Conclusions:

OCT has a high specificity and modest sensitivity for the detection of CCs. The combination of CCs invading fibrous cap and thin-cap fibroatheromas detected by OCT may better identify rupture-prone plaques.
Contralateral Hemispheric Cerebral Blood Flow Measured With Arterial Spin Labeling Can Predict Outcome in Acute Stroke
Authors: Thamm Thoralf , Guo Jia , Rosenberg Jarrett , Liang Tie , Marks Michael P. , Christensen Soren , Do Huy M. , Kemp Stephanie M. , Adair Emma , Eyngorn Irina , Mlynash Michael , Jovin Tudor G. , Keogh Bart P. , Chen Hui J. , Lansberg Maarten G. , Albers Gregory W. , Zaharchuk Greg ,   on behalf of the iCAS Study Investigators
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—

Imaging is frequently used to select acute stroke patients for intra-arterial therapy. Quantitative cerebral blood flow can be measured noninvasively with arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral blood flow levels in the contralateral (unaffected) hemisphere may affect capacity for collateral flow and patient outcome. The goal of this study was to determine whether higher contralateral cerebral blood flow (cCBF) in acute stroke identifies patients with better 90-day functional outcome.

Methods—

Patients were part of the prospective, multicenter iCAS study (Imaging Collaterals in Acute Stroke) between 2013 and 2017. Consecutive patients were enrolled after being diagnosed with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke. Inclusion criteria were ischemic anterior circulation stroke, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥1, prestroke modified Rankin Scale score ≤2, onset-to-imaging time <24 hours, with imaging including diffusion-weighted imaging and arterial spin labeling. Patients were dichotomized into high and low cCBF groups based on median cCBF. Outcomes were assessed by day-1 and day-5 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; and day-30 and day-90 modified Rankin Scale. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test whether cCBF predicted good neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) at 90 days.

Results—

Seventy-seven patients (41 women) met the inclusion criteria with median (interquartile range) age of 66 (55–76) yrs, onset-to-imaging time of 4.8 (3.6–7.7) hours, and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 13 (9–20). Median cCBF was 38.9 (31.2–44.5) mL per 100 g/min. Higher cCBF predicted good outcome at day 90 (odds ratio, 4.6 [95% CI, 1.4–14.7];
P
=0.01), after controlling for baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume, and intra-arterial therapy.

Conclusions—

Higher quantitative cCBF at baseline is a significant predictor of good neurological outcome at day 90. cCBF levels may inform decisions regarding stroke triage, treatment of acute stroke, and general outcome prognosis.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02225730.
REZERV OPSİYONU MEKANİZMASI VE ULUSLARARASI REZERV İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Mehmet
Published: October 2019

Aldığı kararlarla çok sayıda ekonomik
büyüklük üzerinde etkiler oluşturan Merkez Bankaları, uluslararası piyasalarda
yaşanan gelişmelere bağlı olarak geleneksel araçlarla birlikte geleneksel olamayan
para politikası araçları da kullanmaya başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye
Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası’nın geliştirdiği politika araçlarından biri de rezerv
opsiyonu mekanizmasıdır. Karşılıklar politikası kapsamında kullanılan bu aracın
çok sayıda makro iktisadi değişken üzerinde etkiler oluşturması beklenmektedir.
Bu çalışmada 2011: 10 – 2019: 03 dönemine ilişkin Türkiye’de rezerv opsiyonu
mekanizması kullanımı ile Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası brüt döviz
rezervleri arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Hepsağ (2019)’ın geliştirdiği
doğrusal olmayan asimetrik yumuşak geçişli hata düzeltme modeline göre değişkenler
arasında kısa ve uzun dönemli koentegre ilişkiye ulaşılmıştır.
MERKEZ BANKASI DİJİTAL PARASI VE PARA POLİTİKASINA YANSIMALARI
Authors: AL İbrahim , AKYAZI Haydar
Published: October 2019

Son yıllarda özel sektör öncülüğünde ortaya çıkan ve yaygınlaşan dijital
paralar geleneksel fiziki paranın yerini almaya başlamıştır. Bu gelişme
karşısında merkez bankaları kendi resmi dijital paralarını piyasaya sürmek için
yoğun araştırmalar ve değerlendirmeler yapmaktadır. Şüphesiz ki merkez
bankaları tarafından yaratılacak bir dijital paranın, başta merkez bankacılığı
olmak üzere ekonomide pek çok alanda etkisi olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, merkez
bankası dijital parasını tanıtmak ve piyasaya sürülecek olan merkez bankası
dijital parasının yaratacağı muhtemel etkileri ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda çalışmada betimleyici analiz yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Merkez
bankası dijital parasının faiz ödenmesi durumunda para politikası aracı olarak
kullanılabileceği ve para politikasının etkinliğini artırabileceği, ancak
yaratacağı belirsizlikler nedeniyle finansal istikrarı olumsuz etkileyebileceği
düşünülmektedir.
OLUMLU VE OLUMSUZ AĞIZDAN AĞIZA YAPILAN MÜŞTERİ ŞİKÂYETLERİ: OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜNDE UYGULAMA
Authors: ER Hülya , COP Ruziye
Published: October 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, cevaplayıcıların demografik özellikleri ile olumlu ve olumsuz
ağızdan ağıza yapılan şikâyetler ve şikâyet
sonrası oluşan müşteri tatmini arasında farklılıklar olup olmadığını ve şikâyetleri ele alış şekillerini öğrenmektir. Çalışmaya katılan
cevaplayıcıların demografik özellikleri ve şikâyet süreci ile ilgili bilgilerini
öğrenmek için frekans analizi yapılmıştır. Ölçek maddelerinin geçerlilik
ve güvenilirliği bulunmuş ve faktör analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Demografik
değişkenlere ve şikâyet nedenlere göre farklılık gösterme durumu ise Mann
Whitney ve Kruskal Wallis testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, cevaplayıcıların
çoğunluğunun fiyatların yüksek olmasından şikâyetçi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Cevaplayıcıların
çoğunluğu, işletmede yaşadığı şikâyetlerini çevresine olumsuz ağızdan ağıza şikâyet
yoluyla ortalama 10 ve üstü kişiye anlattığı görülmektedir. Son olarak cevaplayıcıların
demografik özellikleri ve şikâyet nedenleri ile olumlu ve olumsuz ağızdan ağıza
yapılan şikâyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
MARKA İLETİŞİMİ BAĞLAMINDA HALKLA İLİŞKİLER ARACI OLARAK INSTAGRAM KULLANIMI: İÇERİĞİN KULLANICI ETKİLEŞİMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KÜÇÜKSARAÇ Banu , KÜÇÜKSARAÇ Hakan
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma, Instagram’ın marka iletişimi bağlamında halkla ilişkiler
aracı olarak kullanımına odaklanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Instagram’ın marka
iletişimi bağlamında halkla ilişkiler aracı olarak nasıl kullanıldığı ve
Instagram’da markaların paylaştıkları içeriklerin kullanıcıların etkileşim
düzeyi üzerinde nasıl bir etkisi olduğunu ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu
amaç doğrultusunda Social Brands’in 2018-Şubat ayı Sosyal Medya Araştırması’na
göre, Instagram’daki En Başarılı Markalar sıralamasında yer alan ilk 10 marka
araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem olarak alınan bu markaların
1-28 Şubat 2018 tarihleri arasındaki paylaşımları katılımcı gözlem ve içerik
analizi tekniği ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde, markaların
Instagram hesaplarında kurumsal halkla ilişkiler amaçlı paylaşımlarının oldukça
az olduğu, daha çok pazarlama amaçlı halkla ilişkiler bağlamında ürün-hizmet
tanıtımı, yarışma, promosyon ve reklamla ilgili paylaşımda bulundukları;
hashtag ve mention kullandıkları ve kullanmaya özendirdikleri paylaşımlarda
marka farkındalığı yaratarak kullanıcı etkileşimini artırdıkları sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.
KIRILGAN BEŞLİ ÜLKELERİ BORSA ENDEKS GETİRİLERİ VE DÖVİZ KURU GETİRİLERİ ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: ERDEM Meziyet Sema
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmada, 01.01.2010 - 31.02.2019 döneminde Kırılgan
Beşli olarak adlandırılan ülkelerin günlük hisse senedi endeks getirileri ile
bu ülkelerin para birimlerinin ABD doları karşısındaki günlük getirileri
arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, hem yeni hemde eski
Kırılgan Beşli ülkelerinin borsa endeks getirileri ve döviz kuru getirileri
arasında karşılıklı nedensellik ilişkilerinin olduğu sonucu tespit edilmiştir.
FOTO SAFARİ ETKİNLİĞİNE KATILAN BİREYLERİN TURİZM DENEYİMLERİNİN DAVRANIŞSAL NİYETE ETKİSİ
Authors: KEMENT Üzeyir
Published: October 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı foto safari
etkinliğine katılan bireylerin yaşamış oldukları deneyimin tekrar ziyaret ve
tavsiye etme niyetlerine etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Bingöl ilinde 2019 Şubat
ayından gerçekleştirilen “Bingöl Foto safari” etkinliğine katılan bireylerden
409 tanesine yapılan anket formları ile araştırma verileri elde edilmiştir.
Anket formları ile toplanan veriler Smart PLS 3 istatistik programında analize
tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde; eğitim, estetik, eğlence
ve kaçış deneyimlerinin tekrar ziyaret niyetine olumlu yönde anlamlı bir
etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca eğlence, estetik ve kaçış
deneyimlerinin tavsiye etme niyetine olumlu yönde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Ancak eğitim deneyiminin tavsiye etme niyetine olumlu yönde anlamlı
bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
ANTHONY GIDDENS: YAPILAŞMA KURAMI VE DİN OLGUSU ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ALPAY Ahmed Hamza , ÇAPCIOĞLU İhsan
Published: October 2019

Dünya tasavvuru, bireyin
bilincindeki akla uygunluğun -gerçeklik hakkındaki- kavrayışsal ihtiyaçlarında
tasdik edilmektedir. İnsan ve tecrübe ettiği dünya arasındaki diyalektik süreç
tarihsel düzlemde toplumsal olgu ve olaylara intibak ederek anlam
kazanmaktadır. Yaşadığı toplumun katmanlarında rol ve kimliklere bağlı olarak
faaliyet gösteren insan, aynı zamanda bir kültür formunun aktörü olarak ortaya
çıkmaktadır. Ekonomik, hukuki, siyasal, kültürel, dini yapılanmalar
insan-toplum etkileşiminin somut göstergeleri olarak konumlanmaktadırlar. Her
düşünür-sosyolog yaşadığı toplumu ve dünyayı kendi anlam dünyası ve dışsal
nesnelliklere bağlı olarak etkilendiği olgu ve olaylar çerçevesinde
tanımlamaktadır. Bu makalede Anthony Giddens öğretisi; bilgi, toplumsal
sınıf-tabakalaşma, eylemsel aktör olarak birey ve din sosyolojisi ekseninde
ortaya konulacak ve değerlendirilecektir.
Heidegger’s Daoist Turn
Authors: Nelson Eric S.
Published: October 2019

Heidegger’s “Evening Conversation: In a Prisoner of War Camp in Russia, between a Younger and an Older Man” (1945), one of three dialogues composed by Heidegger after the defeat of National Socialist Germany published in Country Path Conversations (Feldweg-Gespräche) explores the being-historical situation and fate of the German people by turning to the early Daoist text of the Zhuangzi. My article traces how Heidegger interprets fundamental concepts from the Zhuangzi, mediated by way of Richard Wilhelm’s translation Das wahre Buch vom südlichen Blütenland (1912), such as naturalness, letting/releasement (Gelassenheit/wuwei), the unnecessary (wuyong zhi wei yong) and the useless (wuyong zhi yong) in the context of his hermeneutical and political situation. I consider to what extent this dialogue, along with his other discussions of the Zhuangzi and intensive engagement with the Daodejing from 1943 to 1950, constitute a “Daoist turn” in Heidegger’s thinking that helped shape his Postwar thought.
Pagan Readers of Christian Scripture: the Role of Books in Early Autobiographical Conversion Narratives
Authors: Mills Ian N.
Published: October 2019

Most scholars agree that “pagans” did not read Christian scripture. This critical consensus, however, places inordinate weight on a decontextualized quotation from Tertullian and neglects a body of evidence to the contrary. In particular, the role of books in early autobiographical conversion narratives suggests that early Christian authors and copyists could sometimes work with a reasonable expectation of pagan readership. Against traditional notions of the restricted appeal and circulation of Christian literature, pagan and Christian sources alike indicate that Christian writings found an audience among philo-barbarian thinkers and that certain Christians promoted their books in pagan circles.
Praestigiator Quidam Magicus Magdeburgi
Authors: McDonald William C.
Published: October 2019

The Magician of Magdeburg, an anecdote in Johann Weyer’s De praestigiis daemonum, a book renowned for its place in the witchcraft discourse, tells of an ambitious ocular delusion, the supposed upward and concatenated flight of the magician, his horse, his wife, and his maid. Weyer cites this story in every edition of his book as an exemplum of demonic magic, its perpetrator belonging to Weyer’s category of infamous magicians. By the nineteenth century however, full literary secularization is observed. The crucial step was the identification of the little story, under the influence of the Brothers Grimm, as a regional and urban Sage, hence of interest more as an example of local folklore than as an illustration of a large-scale enchantment. Owing to this new taxonomy, the sorcerer emerges as a harmless practitioner of magic and a cousin to Till Eulenspiegel.
Theognis on Breeding and Learning: Why Socrates Should Have Quoted His Verses in Plato’s Meno
Authors: Porubjak Matúš
Published: October 2019

This article reconsiders the significance of Theognis’ verses quoted in Plato’s Meno by examining the proposed dilemma in the Theognidea. Firstly, the structure of the dialogue, location of verses, and the dilemma itself are briefly discussed. The article then analyses Theognis’ ‘eugenic’ and ‘didactic’ positions, and suggests that there is no contradiction in the verses from the Theognidea quoted in the Meno, and that Plato was aware of this. The article finally concludes that the pictures of Socrates in Meno and Theognis in the Theognidea are alike in four important aspects: both are sôphrôn, both are personal exponents of dikê by virtue of their life, both are moral heroes striving for the improvement of others, and the result of their efforts has a tragic undertone. By drawing attention to tensions within the Theognidea, Plato may also draw readers’ attention to parallels between Theognis and Socrates as teachers.
Resisting National Sentiment: Friction between Irish and English Jesuits in the Old Society
Authors: McCoog Thomas M.
Published: October 2019

Pedro de Ribadeneyra, first official biographer of Ignatius of Loyola, showered praise upon him and his companions for abandoning immoderate sentiment “for particular lands or places” in their quest for “the glory of God and the salvation of their neighbors.” Superior General Goswin Nickel praised a Society conceived in Spain, born in France, approved in Italy, and propagated in Germany and elsewhere. Out of diversity Ignatius had forged unity. Ribadeneyra prayed that nothing would ever threaten this union. His prayers were not heard: the Society’s internal unity was often endangered by national sentiment despite congregational attempts to curtail and eliminate it. This article does not purport to be an exhaustive study of localism versus internationalism—although such a study is needed—but an investigation of relations between Irish and English Jesuits principally in the seventeenth century. Individual Jesuits did in fact cooperate, but there were limits. A proposal in 1652 that the independent Irish mission become part of the English mission was that limit.
Critical essay: (In)sensitive violence, development, and the smell of the soil: Strategic decision-making of what?
Authors: Chowdhury Rashedur
Published: October 2019

Firms may commit aspects of violence in a sophisticated way. To this end, I argue that, as firms and their influential agents (e.g. government bodies and NGOs that often work as third parties and claim neutrality) participate in designing and performing violent activities under an influence of ideological beliefs, certain aspects of violence are difficult to trace. In other words, it is not always easy to point out exactly which powerful actors did what to result in violence such as injury and killing. Because of this limited traceability of actions, certain consequences of such violence remain invisible for a long period of time. However, such violence has devastating effects that go beyond the physical and mental harm suffered by the victim, affecting even the socio-emotional situations of marginalized people. Accordingly, I conceptualize a form of violence with limited traceability and invisible negative consequences, which is termed as insensitive violence. By doing so, I also discuss fundamental flaws of economic and human perspectives of development that encourage recursive use of insensitive violence at the expense of environmental damage and emotional degradation of marginalized communities.
Toddler mental health: The Brief Child and Family Intake and Outcomes System
Authors: Niccols Alison , Cunningham Charles , Pettingill Peter , Bohaychuk Donna , Duku Eric
Published: October 2019

Despite the availability of effective early interventions, few toddlers with emotional and behavioral issues receive these services. This situation exists partly due to challenges in the identification of mental health issues in young children. We developed the Brief Child and Family Intake and Outcomes System for toddlers, which is a 36-item standardized online parent questionnaire including two externalizing scales (Cooperating; Regulating Attention, Impulsivity, and Activity), two internalizing scales (Expressing Emotion; Responding to Change), and two regulatory scales (Eating; Sleeping). We conducted a normative study of 500 Canadian children 18–36 months old, stratified by sex, age, geographic region, and parents’ marital status, income, and education. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated good model fit, and the relationship between items and scales did not vary significantly between boys and girls or between younger and older toddlers. Reliability estimates indicated high internal consistency. Providing preliminary evidence of validity, scale scores had positive relations with measures of family distress, caregiver mood, and demographic risk variables. Analyses of latent variables revealed good evidence of discriminant validity of the scales. We extend earlier work by including scales particularly relevant to toddler emotional and behavioral regulation while at the same time minimizing respondent burden and providing norms for Canadian toddlers. The questionnaire could be used in children’s mental health settings, primary care, child welfare, and daycare facilities, for intake, triage, and describing toddlers.
Bourdieu and Collins on the reproduction of elites
Authors: Loyal Steven
Published: October 2019

In this paper I compare and contrast the reproduction of elite strata in Randall Collins’s path-breaking book, The Credential Society (1979), with Pierre Bourdieu’s important discussion found in The State Nobility (1996). Although both approaches draw on Weber and Durkheim, focus on the interaction between material and cultural processes, subscribe to a relational form of analysis, and share a similar political world-view – social democrat and radical republican respectively – they also differ. These differences relate to their respective philosophical anthropology, the nature of their long-term analysis, the different contexts within which their work emerged – Algeria and the post-war constellation and early Cold War period – and the divergent nature of the broader substantive sociological problems they are engaged with. In terms of their dissimilarities, not only is each approach useful for criticizing the other, but it will be argued that these divergences need to be synthesized into a broader, more powerful explanatory theory.
The robustness assessment of doubly fed induction generator-wind turbine during short circuit
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Shahzad , N Abdalla Ahmed
Published: October 2019

Energy sources, such as wind, solar, hydro, etc., are an important source of energy, and wind power generators are important energy conversion machines. The doubly fed induction generator has wide industrial and commercial applications due to its superior performance, combined with fault and eco-friendly properties. However, the fault current dynamics of wind farms identify the potential impacts of fault currents and the voltage on the protection. This study focuses on wind farms (employing doubly fed induction generators) perturbation during symmetrical (three-phase) symmetrical short circuit (SSC) at different points. The detail of analyzing the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) performance during transient conditions, control and modeling is studied in this paper. These two points are selected as grid-side converter and point of common coupling, respectively. These comparison results fetched the more precise understanding of the fault diagnosis reliability with reduced complexity, stability, and optimization of the system. The present findings illustrated the main difference between point of common coupling and grid-side converter under SSC faults and the robustness of these two mentioned points.
Dermoscopy in the differential diagnosis between malar rash of systemic lupus erythematosus and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea: an observational study
Authors: Errichetti E , Lallas A , De Marchi G , Apalla Z , Zabotti A , De Vita S , Stinco G
Published: October 2019

Background

Malar rash is one of the three cutaneous diagnostic criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although its clinical recognition is often straightforward, the differential diagnosis with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea may sometimes be challenging.

Objective

To describe dermoscopic features of SLE malar rash and investigate the accuracy of dermoscopy for the differential diagnosis with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

Methods

A representative dermoscopic image of target areas was evaluated for the presence of specific features. Fisher’s test was used to compare their prevalence between the two cohorts, and accuracy parameters (specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values) were evaluated.

Results

Twenty-eight patients were included in the analysis, of which 13 had SLE malar rash and 15 erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. The main dermoscopic features of malar rash were reddish/salmon-coloured follicular dots surrounded by white halos (‘inverse strawberry’ pattern), being present in 53.9% of the cases, while network-like vessels (vascular polygons) turned out to be the main feature of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, with a prevalence of 93.3%. The comparative analysis showed that the ‘inverse strawberry’ pattern was significantly more common in SLE malar rash, with a specificity of 86.7%, while vascular polygons were significantly more frequent in rosacea, with a specificity of 92.3%.

Conclusion

Dermoscopy may be a useful support to distinguish SLE malar rash and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea by showing peculiar features.
Families, The Family, and the New Deal
Authors: Leighninger Robert
Published: October 2019

The New Deal, an outpouring of social policies formulated to combat the Great Depression, had enormous effects on American families. It also caused caseworkers to re-evaluate their roles in society. Using the lens of the journal The Family, this article will examine some of these self-reflections and briefly review the impact of New Deal policies on families. In general, caseworkers’ writings were focused more on the way policies were reshaping their profession than on trying to shape the policies themselves.
A ‘KAHOOT!’ Approach: The Effectiveness of Game-Based Learning for an Advanced Placement Biology Class
Authors: Jones Serena M. , Katyal Priya , Xie Xuan , Nicolas Madeleine P. , Leung Eric M. , Noland Damon M. , Montclare Jin Kim
Published: October 2019

Background.Keeping high school students engaged and motivated to learn complex scientific concepts can be difficult and challenging; this is especially true if the task feels daunting and unfamiliar to the students. Incorporating educational technology, such as KAHOOT, into the classroom can help students learn scientific material even when it is difficult.

Aim. Our objective is to determine the effectiveness of gamification in an Advanced Placement Biology (AP biology) classroom by using the online game ‘KAHOOT!’ as a supplement to traditional teacher-centered learning. In addition, we determine the use of ‘KAHOOT!’ in enhancing student engagement and the learning experience for biology.

Methods. A presentation on Transcription and Translation was given to a small group of high school AP Biology students ( n = 18, 18 women). After the presentation, the students were given 15 questions and twenty seconds to answer each question in the ‘KAHOOT!’ game. Both the students and the teacher were given a post-activity survey to assess their interest in the activity.

Results. Based on the responses in the Students’ Survey, ‘KAHOOT!’ can be used as a gamified assessment tool to help students learn the topic of ‘Transcription and Translation’ by actively engaging them in a fun and exciting manner.

Conclusion. The overall activity had a positive impact on the students and teacher as the students enjoyed learning Transcription and Translation through the use of ‘KAHOOT!’.
Do Infant Cleft Dimensions Have an Influence on Occlusal Relations? A Subgroup Analysis Within an RCT of Primary Surgery in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Botticelli Susanna , Küseler Annelise , Marcusson Agneta , Mølsted Kirsten , Nørholt Sven E. , Cattaneo Paolo M. , Pedersen Thomas K.
Published: October 2019

Aim:

To investigate whether infant cleft dimensions, in a surgical protocol with early or delayed hard palate closure, influence occlusion before orthodontics.

Design:

Subgroup analysis within a randomized trial of primary surgery (Scandcleft).

Setting:

Tertiary health care. One surgical centre.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 122 unilateral cleft lip and palate infants received primary cheilo-rhinoplasty and soft palate closure at age 4 months and were randomized for hard palate closure at age 12 versus 36 months. A novel 3D analysis of cleft size and morphology was performed on digitized presurgical models. Occlusion was scored on 8-year models using the modified Huddarth–Bodenham (MHB) Index and the Goslon Yardstick.

Main Outcome Measurements:

Differences in MHB and Goslon scores among the 2 surgical groups adjusted for cleft size.

Results:

The crude analysis showed no difference between the 2 surgical groups in Goslon scores but a better MHB ( P = .006) for the group who received delayed hard palate closure. When adjusting for the ratio between cleft surface and palatal surface (3D Infant Cleft Severity Ratio) and for posterior cleft dimensions at tuberosity level, the delayed hard palate closure group received 3.65 points better for MHB (confidence interval: 1.81; 5.48; P < .001) and showed a trend for reduced risk of receiving a Goslon of 4 or 5 ( P = .052). For posterior clefts larger than 9 mm, the Goslon score was better in the delayed hard palate closure group ( P = .033).

Conclusions:

Seen from an orthodontic perspective, when the soft palate is closed first, and the cleft is large, the timing of hard palate closure should be planned in relation to posterior cleft size.
A Model for Developing Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for School Nursing
Authors: Shannon Robin Adair , Maughan Erin D.
Published: October 2019

School nurses need evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to provide quality care for students with special health-care needs. However, a gap analysis revealed a paucity of rigorous school nursing CPGs. To fill this gap, a Model for Developing Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for School Nursing (School Nursing CPG Model) was designed under the auspices of the National Association of School Nurses to offer school nurse scholars, school health leaders, and pediatric clinical experts a standardized structure and systematic process to create rigorous evidence-based CPGs. The aim is to employ the School Nursing CPG Model to build a repository of CPGs that are projected to improve the quality of school nursing practice, thereby improving health and educational outcomes for students with special health-care needs. The School Nursing CPG Model is anticipated to apply to CPG development for other nursing specialties.
Polypharmacy and comorbidities among ambulatory cancer patients: A cross-sectional retrospective study
Authors: Alwhaibi Monira , AlRuthia Yazed , Alhawassi Tariq M , Almalag Haya , Alsalloum Haya , Balkhi Bander
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Polypharmacy is prevalent among cancer patients; however, its relationship with comorbidities as well as its other potential factors has not been well studied among this segment of the patient population. Although several studies have described the prevalence of polypharmacy in cancer patients, its prevalence among Middle Eastern cancer patients is largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy among ambulatory cancer patients as well as its association with comorbidities.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using patients’ electronic health records was conducted among ambulatory cancer patients aged ≥ 18 years in a tertiary care hospital. Polypharmacy was defined as the cumulative use of five or more medications. The main outcome was to assess the factors related to polypharmacy among ambulatory cancer patients which was evaluated using a multivariable binary logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 383 ambulatory cancer patients were included. Of these, approximately 79% had polypharmacy. Polypharmacy was more likely among patients with hypertension (AOR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.41–7.42), diabetes (AOR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.39–7.98), asthma (AOR = 8.64; 95% CI: 1.64–45.54), and anxiety (AOR = 3.61; 95% CI: 1.72–7.57).

Conclusions

Polypharmacy is highly prevalent in the Saudi Arabian oncology patients, especially in those with comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, anxiety and asthma. Because polypharmacy mostly goes hand in hand with comorbidities, therefore, a multidisciplinary team approach of oncology pharmacist working with other healthcare providers to manage polypharmacy and simplify drug regimens for cancer patients is warranted to optimize the healthcare quality and improve drug safety.
Determinants of successful arteriovenous fistulae creation including intraoperative transit time flow measurement
Authors: Meyer Alexander , Flicker Eberhard , König Sascha T , Vetter Anne Sabine
Published: October 2019

Background:

The prevalence of hemodialysis patients is increasing, and it is important to create the arteriovenous fistula as early as possible to avoid hemodialysis by central venous catheter. International guidelines recommend arteriovenous fistula as the vascular access of first choice. Arteriovenous fistulae are associated with a failure rate of 23%. The success of an arteriovenous fistula can be evaluated intraoperatively by physical examination and by measuring the blood flow.

Objectives:

The aim of the study is to describe the predictive value of various factors for fistula maturation in the context to the current literature.

Methods:

We report on a prospective cohort study of 41 patients, undergoing a primary arteriovenous fistula at the upper extremity. The primary endpoint of the study was the successful fistula maturation after 6 weeks.

Results:

The intraoperative measurement of the blood flow in the outflow vein has been identified as the unique significant parameter for the fistula maturation.

Conclusion:

The predictive value of intraoperative flow measurement is superior to intraoperative physical examination and could help reduce the fistula dysmaturation rate. Intraoperative transit time flow measurement is an easy method and can be used to predict successful fistula maturation in a high percentage rate.
LEP: A Statistical Method Integrating Individual-Level and Summary-Level Data of the Same Trait From Different Populations
Authors: Dai Mingwei , Liu Jin , Yang Can
Published: October 2019

Statistical approaches for integrating multiple data sets in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are increasingly important. Proper utilization of more relevant information is expected to improve statistical efficiency in the analysis. Among these approaches, LEP was proposed for joint analysis of individual-level data and summary-level data in the same population by leveraging pleiotropy. The key idea of LEP is to explore correlation of the association status among different data sets while accounting for the heterogeneity. In this commentary, we show that LEP is applicable to integrate individual-level data and summary-level data of the same trait from different populations, providing new insights into the genetic architecture of different populations.
Resurgence of Syphilis in the United States: An Assessment of Contributing Factors
Authors: Schmidt Rebecca , Carson Paul James , Jansen Rick J
Published: October 2019

In the last decade, there has been a marked resurgence of syphilis in the United States despite the availability of effective treatments and previously reliable prevention strategies. The majority of cases are among the population of men who have sex with men (MSM); however, there has also been a recent increase among premenopausal women, coinciding with a concerning rise of congenital cases. The resurgence of syphilis can be largely attributed to changing social and behavioral factors, especially among young MSM. The biological association of syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and acquisition is particularly alarming because of the increased individual and healthcare burden. In addition, some individual actions and public health efforts that are meant to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV may actually lead to risk compensation that facilitates the transmission of syphilis. Untreated syphilis is associated with detrimental health outcomes; therefore, both effective prevention strategies and treatment of this systemic disease have important short-term and long-term public health implications. This article offers a review of social and behavioral factors contributing to the current resurgence and recommendations for reducing syphilis incidence through medical and public health prevention strategies.
Socioeconomic disparities in psychological health: Testing the Reserve Capacity Model in a population-based sample of Chinese migrants
Authors: You Jin , Zhu Ying , Liu Siqi , Wang Carol , Wang Peigang , Du Hongfei
Published: October 2019

Based on the Reserve Capacity Model, this study investigated the associations of objective socioeconomic status and subjective social status with psychological health and the underlying psychosocial mechanisms in a population-based sample of Chinese migrants ( n = 15,999). Results showed that subjective social status was positively associated with life satisfaction and self-rated health through the mediation of psychological distress and perceived stress. Whereas education showed a very weak association with life satisfaction, income was directly associated with life satisfaction only. The findings suggest that reducing psychosocial vulnerabilities may be a potential impetus to eliminate socioeconomic health disparities among Chinese migrants.
Impact of storage media and temperature on color stability of tooth-colored CAD/CAM materials for final restorations
Authors: Liebermann Anja , Vehling Dirk , Eichberger Marlis , Stawarczyk Bogna
Published: October 2019

Background:

This in-vitro study examined the impact of storage solution, storage duration, and storage temperature on discoloration of three tooth-colored CAD/CAM materials for final restorations.

Methods:

Specimens ( N = 288; n = 96 per material) with a thickness of 1 ± 0.03 mm of the following CAD/CAM materials were fabricated: resin composite (Lava Ultimate, 3M), polymer-infiltrated ceramic (VITA Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik), and leucite ceramic (IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent). After baseline measurement, specimens were stored in red wine, curry solution, cress solution, and distilled water at 37°C or 55°C. The discoloration was measured using a spectrophotometer (Lambda 35 Perkin Elmer, Perkin Elmer Inc.) after 1 and 7 days storage. Data were analyzed using four-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffé post-hoc test and partial eta squared ( ηP²) test ( p < 0.05).

Results:

The highest influence on ∆ E was exerted by storage duration ( ηP² = 0.295, p < 0.001), followed by storage solution ( ηP² = 0.171, p < 0.001), CAD/CAM material ( ηP² = 0.049, p < 0.001), and storage temperature ( ηP² = 0.033, p < 0.001). Specimens stored for 7 days in staining solutions showed more discoloration than those stored for just 1 day. Higher ∆ E values were achieved for specimens stored in curry solution, followed by red wine, cress solution, and distilled water. Resin composite Lava Ultimate showed larger ∆ E values compared with the resin hybrid ceramic VITA Enamic and leucite ceramic IPS Empress CAD. Specimens stored at 37°C showed significantly less discoloration than those stored at 55°C.

Conclusions:

The degree of coloration of the materials depends on food and temperature and was most pronounced with Lava Ultimate.
IgA and IgG antibody detection of mycobacterial antigens in pleural fluid and serum from pleural tuberculous patients
Authors: da Silva Renan Jeremias , da Silva Corrêa Raquel , Sardella Isabela Gama , de Paulo Mulinari Ana Carla , Mafort Thiago Thomaz , Santos Ana Paula , Rufino Rogério , Rodrigues Luciana Silva , Saad Maria Helena Féres
Published: October 2019

Background

A previous study demonstrated pleural fluid (PF) IgA immunodominance for the fused MT10.3:MPT64 protein in pleural tuberculosis (PLTB) cases. However, no clue on the role of IgA and IgG against this and other antigens in PF and serum concerning improved diagnosis is available. Thus, the aim of the present study was to validate PF IgA-MT10.3:MPT64 and evaluate PF and serum IgA and IgG reactivity against this protein, its peptides (F2) and single MPT64, MT10.3 and the PPE59 mycobacterial specific antigens. IgA and IgG ELISA were measured against the antigen in PLTB (n = 29) and other non-TB pleurisy (n = 39) patient samples.

Results

The immunodominance of PF IgA-MT10.3:MPT64 was confirmed in PLTB (86.2%) followed by PPE59 (62%), while serum IgA-F2 exhibited 51.7% sensitivity. PF and serum IgG-MT10.3:MPT64 led to 65.5 and 51.7% sensitivity, respectively. However, MT10.3 and MPT64 displayed overall lower sensitivity (≤34.5) for both antibodies. All results at 95% fixed specificity. Combinatory results indicated 93.1% sensitivity for PF IgA-MT10.3:MPT64/−PPE59 and IgA/IgG-MT10.3:MPT64 at 92.3% specificity, followed by IgA-MT10.3:MPT64/−MPT64 or /−F2 (89.6%) without jeopardizing specificity (94.9%). The combinatory results of the PF adenosine deaminase test (ADA) and IgA-MT10.3:MPT64/−F2 demonstrated the highest sensitivity (96.6%), with a specificity of 92.3%.

Conclusions

The PF IgA-MT10:MPT64 immune dominance was validated in PLTB, and its combinatory results with PPE59 or MPT64 or F2 antigens as well as with IgG, are reported herein for the first time, improving their potential to assist diagnosis. Combining PF-ADA and IgA-MT10.3:MPT64/−F2 results achieved better accuracy. Moreover, serum IgG, although less accurate, displays potential beyond microbiological tests.
Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair, a comparative study between two approaches
Authors: Ahmed Abeer , Fawzy Maher , Nasr Mohamed A. R. , Hussam Ayman M. , Fouad Eman , Aboeldahb Hesham , Saad Dalia , Osman Safinaz , Fahmy Rania Samir , Farid Mohamed , Waheb Mohsen M.
Published: October 2019

Background

Early postoperative ambulation and reduction of hospital stay necessitate efficient postoperative analgesia. Quadrates Lumborum Block (QLB) has been described to provide adequate postoperative analgesia after abdominal surgery. This randomized comparative trial was designed to compare the duration of analgesia provided by two different QLB approaches; the posterior QLB (QLB-2) and transmuscular QLB (QLB-3) in patients undergoing surgical repair of unilateral inguinal hernia.

Methods

Forty patients, aged from 18 to 50 years, ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for unilateral inguinal hernia repair were enrolled. At the end of the surgical procedure and before recovery from general anesthesia, Patients were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either posterior QLB (Group QLB-2) or transmuscular QLB (Group QLB-3) using 20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine. Duration of analgesia, postoperative VAS and postoperative opioid consumption were recorded.

Results

Duration of block was significantly longer in QLB-3 group when compared to QLB-2 group (20.1 + 6.2 h versus 12.0 + 4.8 respectively) with P value of < 0.001. A statistically significant lower VAS score was recorded in QLB-3 group immediately and 12 h postoperative. QLB-3 group showed a statistically significant delayed time of first analgesic request and less postoperative morphine consumption with P value of < 0.001 and 0.001 respectively.

Conclusions

Ultrasound guided postsurgical transmuscular approach of QLB (QLB-3) using 20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine produces more postoperative analgesic effect and less postoperative opioid consumption when compared to posterior QLB approach (QLB-2) in patients underwent unilateral inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03526731- on 16 May 2018.