bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new rapid lipoarabinomannan urine assay for tuberculosis: a two-centre diagnostic accuracy evaluation in outpatients with and without HIV
Authors: Hamasur Beston , Okunola Anna O. , Sserubiri James , Dube-Nwamba Welile V. , Abdulgader Shima M. , Ignatowich Lech , Rasool Omid , Nabatanzi Rose , Lorente Sara Puertas , Giraldos David , Joloba Moses , Warren Robin M. , Ssengooba Willy , Theron Grant
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Non-sputum tests for people attending primary care with symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) are a global priority.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional two-centre diagnostic accuracy study of a next-generation urine lipoarabinomannan assay (Biopromic TB LAM, BP-LAM) and the lateral flow Determine TB LAM Ag assay (LF-LAM) on urine from 629 adults with presumptive pulmonary TB (315 with TB) attending primary care in South Africa and Uganda. An extended sputum microbiological reference standard (eMRS) was used and, in South Africa, sputum induction done.
Results: BP-LAM had higher sensitivity than LF-LAM [95% confidence interval (CI) 63% (58, 69) vs. 22% (18, 27)] and similar specificity [93% (90, 96) vs. 89% (85, 92)]. BP-LAM sensitivity did not differ in HIV-positive vs. -negative people nor by CD4 counts. Specificity was diminished in PLHIV [90% (83, 94) vs. 96% (92, 99)]. The design-locked version of BP-LAM had improved specificity than the prototype [93% (90, 96) vs. 85% (80, 88)]. In people with TB who could not expectorate sputum, 67% (55, 79) were BP-LAM-positive; resulting in similar yield to sputum Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra [64% (49, 78)] in a programmatic scenario where sputum induction is unavailable. BP-LAM false-negatives had, vs. true-positives, less severe disease and were more likely to have previous TB. False-positive results were more likely to be from people who cultured only non-tuberculous mycobacteria [19% (4/21) vs. 4% (12/293) for true-negatives].
Conclusions: BP-LAM has higher sensitivity than LF-LAM, including in HIV-negative people, potentially permitting the expansion of urine LAM testing beyond people with advanced immunosuppression.
Funding: The Global Health Technology Fund (GHIT) programs RFP-TRP-2018-001 and RFP-PD-2020-002, EDCTP2 (RIA2020I-3305, CAGE-TB; TMA2020CDF-3209, RADIANT).
EEG signal analysis for ‘OM’ Mantra Meditation
Authors: Jain Vijaylaxmi , Shiragapur Bahubali , Ranjan Prabhat
Published: February 2025

Spiritual Intelligence through Meditation has recently been integrated into the concept of Multiple Intelligence by Dr. Howard Gardner. To research deeper into Spiritual Intelligence, we have chosen to explore the “OM” Mantra Meditation. This form of meditation has shown the potential to enhance concentration, alleviate stress, reduce anxiety and mitigate depression. During the meditation sessions, we collected the EEG signals from the participants, from which we extracted neural oscillations. We found that variations in beta and gamma frequencies were closely associated with the subject’s meditation experiences. Notably, we observed a positive correlation between the level of beta and gamma activity and the depth of meditation experience among the participants. Furthermore, our observations revealed that experienced meditators exhibited remarkably stable focus with minimal fluctuations compared to non-meditators. This heightened level of focus directly corresponds to their enhanced concentration abilities.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Nomogram for 30-Day Mortality in Sepsis Patients Coexisting with Malignant Tumors ： a Retrospective Cohort Study Using the MIMIC-IV Database
Authors: Qian Lin , Sun Weiting , Ding Peng , Zhang Song , Long Kunlan
Published: February 2025

Background
Sepsis is the main cause of death for cancer patients, and our study aims to evaluate risk factors and develop a model to predict the 30-Day mortality in sepsis patients coexisting with malignant tumors.
Methods
We obtained 4196 sepsis patients coexisting with malignant tumors from the MIMIC-IV database and randomly split them into a training set (2937 patients) and a validation set (1259 patients) at a ratio of 7:3. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for predicting mortality, and the model's performance was evaluated.
Results
Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, CPD, diabetes, AKI, heart rate, APACHE III, cardiovascular system, anion gap, BUN, calcium, creatinine, bilirubin, pH, and PCO2 were independent risk factors. The nomogram achieved optimal performance in discrimination, calibration, and clinical application.
Conclusion
The nomogram effectively predicts the 30-Day mortality in sepsis patients coexisting with malignant tumors, and internal validation confirms its effectiveness. The study results can help clinical doctors make decisions on the treatment of these patients, thus reducing the risk of sepsis and death for cancer patients.
The Rediscovery of ‘Donaldson’ Sweet Orange, a Variety That Has Potential for Use in Orange Juice
Authors: Mattia Matthew , Plotto Anne , Buzzi Giancarlo , Shahid Muhammad , Fan Zhen , Jeffries Kristen , Olmedo Gabriela , Freitas Thais , Bai Jinhe
Published: February 2025

In Summer 2021, a comprehensive evaluation of germplasm for the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS) citrus breeding program was conducted to assess all citrus scions that may have commercial potential for use in not-from-concentrate orange juice (NFCOJ) to support Florida’s citrus industry that has been ravaged by Huanglongbing (HLB), causing production losses of 90%. The ‘Donaldson’ sweet orange tree (Citrus sinensis) stood out as being exceptionally healthy compared with industry standards that were planted close by and were in decline or had died. The tree tested positive for the presence of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the presumed causal agent of HLB, indicating that the tree may have tolerance to HLB, as that tree was planted more than 30 years ago. The fruit was displayed at a field day in Dec 2021; the healthy-looking tree attracted growers’ attention and generated a records search for information. This is the only mature tree growing at the USDA, ARS Whitmore Foundation Farm. The results show that ‘Donaldson’ is an early season sweet orange variety that matures from December to January in HLB endemic conditions and has juice as a potential substitute for the early season orange variety ‘Hamlin’, contributing to NFCOJ. HLB tolerance is difficult to assess from a single tree and the HLB tolerance of ‘Donaldson’ will be confirmed in multiple replicated plantings.
Interspecific Crosses Yield Sterile Triploid Porterweed: A Sustainable Alternative to Invasive Nettleleaf Porterweed
Authors: Parrish S. Brooks , Schaller Alexander , Wilson Sandra B. , Deng Zhanao
Published: February 2025

Porterweed plants (Stachytarpheta sp.), notably the nettleleaf porterweed (Stachytarpheta cayennensis), present both ecological benefits and challenges. While these plants attract diverse pollinators and are drought-resistant, nettleleaf porterweed is also an invasive species in the southeastern United States and Hawaii, threatening native ecosystems by outcompeting local flora and reducing biodiversity. Despite its invasive nature, it continues to be popular in nurseries because of its robust growth and flowering characteristics. Prior studies have demonstrated the prolific seed production of the species and potential for naturalization, emphasizing the need for sterile, noninvasive alternatives. This study explored the development of such alternatives through interploidy and interspecific hybridization by focusing on creating triploid hybrids that exhibit both male and female sterility. This was achieved by using interspecific and interploidy crosses between tetraploid nettleleaf porterweed and diploid dwarf red porterweed (Stachytarpheta microphylla ‘Red Compact’). Growth, flowering, and sterility of the resulting hybrids were assessed in multiple controlled and field conditions. The results identified three triploid hybrids that exhibited desirable horticultural traits comparable to those of the invasive nettleleaf porterweed but, importantly, showed no viable seed or pollen production, confirming their sterility. These hybrids displayed robust growth, substantial flower production, and sterility across multiple environmental conditions, making them ideal candidates for replacing invasive species in landscape settings.
Leaf Phenotypic Variation of Chuanqian Crape Myrtle in Natural Populations
Authors: Hao Siwen , Zhang Donglin , Wen Yafeng
Published: February 2025

Leaves are the primary tissue for photosynthesis and transpiration, playing an irreplaceable role in the ecosystem. Understanding variations in leaf morphology across different populations is crucial for better insight into plant classification, evolution, and cultivation practices. From 10 populations of Lagerstroemia excelsa and 80 individual specimens, we measured key leaf traits, including leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf area (LA), leaf circumference (LC), leaf basal angle (LBA), and leaf vein angle (LVA), to determine the geographic variation trends in leaf morphology across natural populations. Our results revealed several important findings: 1) significant differences in leaf morphology were observed among the populations; 2) temperature appears to be a primary factor influencing the potential geographic distribution of L. excelsa; 3) the 10 populations were grouped into two main categories, indicating that similar germplasm tends to be distributed contiguously. These insights are valuable for future efforts in the introduction, breeding, selection, and cultivation of L. excelsa.
Entropy driven inductive response of topological insulators
Authors: Bozkurt A. Mert , Kölling Sofie , Brinkman Alexander , Adagideli Inanc
Published: February 2025

3D topological insulators are characterized by an insulating bulk and extended surface states exhibiting a helical spin texture. In this work, we investigate the hyperfine interaction between the spin-charge coupled transport of electrons and the nuclear spins in these surface states. Previous work has predicted that in the quantum spin Hall insulator phase, work can be extracted from a bath of polarized nuclear spins as a resource. We employ nonequilibrium Green’s function analysis to show that a similar effect exists on the surface of a 3D topological insulator, albeit rescaled by the ratio between electronic mean free path and device length. The induced current due to thermal relaxation of polarized nuclear spins has an inductive nature. We emphasize the inductive response by rewriting the current-voltage relation in harmonic response as a lumped element model containing two parallel resistors and an inductor. In a low-frequency analysis, a universal inductance value emerges that is only dependent on the device’s aspect ratio. This scaling offers a means of miniaturizing inductive circuit elements. An efficiency estimate follows from comparing the spin-flip induced current to the Ohmic contribution. The inductive effect is most prominent in topological insulators which have a large number of spinful nuclei per coherent segment, of which the volume is given by the mean free path length, Fermi wavelength and penetration depth of the surface state.
PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN WOMEN IN BUNDHELKHAND REGION, INDIA: ITS MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOMES
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MLB Medical College, Jhansi., Rawat Nupur , Kharakwal Susheela ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MLB Medical College, Jhansi.
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of maternal anemia among pregnant women in the Bundelkhand region, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, and to assess its impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Materials and Methods: A hospital record-based study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center after obtaining the necessary ethical clearances and institutional permissions. Data were collected from hospital records and analyzed using SPSS Trial Version 22.

Results: A total of 300 pregnant women were included in the study, of whom 177 (59.0%) were diagnosed with anemia. Among the 300 deliveries, 89 newborns had low birth weight (LBW), with 36 (35.2%) of these cases occurring in mothers with moderate anemia. The prevalence of stillbirth/intrauterine death (IUD) was 20 (6.6%), with a significantly higher incidence (50%) observed among mothers with severe anemia.

Conclusion: The prevalence of maternal anemia in this study was 59.0%, highlighting its continued significance as a major public health concern. Low maternal hemoglobin levels were associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes like obstructed labor, puerperal sepsis, and neonatal outcomes, including LBW and stillbirth/IUD and, low APGAR scores,NICU admissions, and IUGR. These findings emphasize the urgent need for effective anemia prevention and management strategies during pregnancy to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
The mediating job crafting and organizational resilience in linking information technology capabilities with sales performance: An empirical study from Indonesia
Authors: Andi Prayogi Muhammad , Fahmi Muhammad , Zurriah Rezki , Amaliah Nurul , Dewi Siagian Amelia
Published: February 2025

Sales performance is crucial in ensuring business growth, profitability, and sustainability, especially in the highly competitive and dynamic Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FCMG) sector. Improving sales performance can be a determining factor for companies to remain relevant and superior in an ever-evolving market. This study aims to analyze the effect of information technology capability on sales performance through the mediation of job crafting and organizational resilience. This study is based on the data from 385 respondents who are salespeople in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector in North Sumatra, Indonesia, focusing on how information technology can support the improvement of salespeople’s adaptability and productivity. This study applies the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis method with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. The study’s results indicate that information technology capabilities affect sales performance (p = 0.000), and information technology capabilities positively affect job crafting (p = 0.000). Information technology capabilities affect organizational resilience (0.611), job crafting affects sales performance (0.533), and organizational resilience hurts sales performance (0.161). Furthermore, the indirect effect shows that information technology capabilities on sales performance through job crafting show a significant effect (0.406), and information technology capabilities affect sales performance through organizational resilience (-0.098), information technology capabilities do not affect organizational resilience through job crafting (0.083). Job crafting does not affect sales performance through organisational resilience (-0.018). This study found that information technology capabilities are essential in improving sales performance through direct and indirect channels, primarily through job crafting and organizational resilience.
Acknowledgment This research is supported by the Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, Dan Teknologi) through the Regular Fundamental Research Funding in 2024 with contract number 103/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024; 16/LL1/AL.04.03/2024; 09/II.3-AU/UMSU-LP2M/C/2024. Our deepest gratitude to all parties who have contributed to the completion of this research and our gratitude to the University Leadership and Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, who have provided support facilities for this research to be carried out, and our gratitude to the respondents who voluntarily took the time and provided their insights during the data collection process.
Constitutional Responses to Social Changes
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, Kim Seon-Taek , Yun Jeong-In
Published: February 2025

Constitutions can respond to rapidly changing social realities by interpreting, changing or amending them. In practice, amendments to the constitution are only possible when special procedural and situational conditions are in place to make them possible, so when legal demands arise from everyday social changes that require a constitutional solution, various interpretations of the constitution should be explored; when the problem cannot be solved through interpretation of constitutional provisions, the possibility of transformative change in the constitutional meaning of given provisions should be explored; and when the limits such change are exceeded, only then should a solution be sought through constitutional amendment. In this sense, this article explores the relationship between social change and the Constitution and the possible responses of the Korean Constitution, using two specific examples of social change facing Korean society: changes in political reality in the state sphere and changes in public sense of values in the society. In the former case, it points out that claims of the so-called ‘president's inherent power’ related to the exercise of personnel power is problematic from the historical, normative, and political perspectives of the Korean Constitution, and raises critical questions about whether the problem of presidential power that has deviated from effective control and improper personnel practices is indeed a constitutional problem, and whether constitutional amendments to the political system must be accompanied. In the latter case, in view of the changes in the public sense of value in society on same-sex marriage, it examines whether same-sex marriage is legally acceptable under the Korean Constitution from a historical and comparative perspective, and explores the possibility of interpreting and transformatively changing the existing interpretation of the Korean Constitution to respond appropriately to social changes. In conclusion, when legal responses to changes in social reality and changes in the public sense of values in society are required, it is crucial to make appropriate use of parliamentary legislation and constitutional interpretation, informal change, and amendment to keep pace with rapid social change while maintaining a stable legal order.
New Mare’s Milk Product
Authors: Matvienko Maksim , Rodionova Antonina
Published: February 2025

Mare’s milk demonstrates an excellent potential for functional foods. R&D helps to improve the dairy horse breeding industry.
The article introduces a new fermented dairy product based on mare’s milk with Lactobacillus acidophilus as a starter culture.
The milk was obtained from the All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding, Divovo. The dried culture of a viscous strain of
Acidophilus bacillus was purchased from OOO Lactosynthesis, Moscow. The physicochemical and microbiological tests involved
state standard methods for laboratory research. The new method relied on the best activation conditions and the optimal share of
activated culture in mare’s milk. The activated culture involved mare’s milk after a ten-minute pasteurization and acidophilic culture.
The optimal finished product required 6–9 h of fermentation and had an acidity of 60–90 °T. It demonstrated a pleasant sourmilk
taste and a viscous consistency. The new fermented milk product based on mare’s milk with a viscous acidophilus strain as a
starter proved feasible. It combines the beneficial properties of mare’s milk and acidophilic starter culture, as well as expands the
commercial range of dietary and probiotic drinks. The viscous consistency is especially beneficial for gastrointestinal patients.
The Republic of Tatarstan: The Leader on the Russian Dairy Industry
Authors: Suray Natalya , Udovik Elena , Chernukhina Galina , Leonova Yulia
Published: February 2025

For many years, the Republic of Tatarstan has been number one in the Russian rating of raw milk production. In 2023, it produced 6.5% of all Russian raw milk. The article describes the largest producers of milk and dairy products in the Republic of Tatarstan. The research objective was to analyze and assess the raw milk market in the region. The scientific foundations behind the regional raw milk market were analyzed as an integral part of the national food market. The theoretical provisions and analytical assessments made it possible to predict the development of the raw milk market in the Republic of Tatarstan. The main growth factors include the highly productive breeds of dairy cattle, the good forage base, the advanced organization and economy in dairy production, storage, and processing, and the trends for cooperation and integration. With its self-sufficiency in milk of about 160%, Tatarstan annually modernizes dairy livestock complexes, improves the genetic potential of dairy cattle, promotes the systems of reproduction and feeding, introduces a unified system of cattle identification, and uses advanced herd management and feeding programs for farm cattle. In addition, Tatarstan has feed centers that develop sustainable feed consumption and optimal diets. Its remarkably high level of milk consumption per capita was 166.09 kg in 2023, with the standard being 116 kg. The Republic of Tatarstan has become an important supplier of dairy products for the whole of Russia.
Standards for Non-Fat Milk Solids in Ice-Cream
Authors: Tvorogova Antonina , Gurskiy Igor
Published: February 2025

Non-fat milk solids make up ≥ 25% of all dry solids in traditional ice-cream. Milk powder, its main source, is an expensive component. To reduce production costs, non-fat milk solids are to be standardized. The article introduces a comparative assessment of quality indicators of ice-cream with different shares of non-fat milk solids. The research featured the popular Russian Plombières ice-cream and its variety with non-fat milk solids replaced by milk and whey concentrates, maltodextrin, and inulin. Full replacement decreased the titratable acidity by 7–8 °T while increasing cryoscopic temperature by 0.8°C and hardness by 2.2 and 2.4 times. In the samples with protein concentrate or dry cheese whey and low non-fat milk solids, the viscosity value approached that of traditional Plombières. However, whey proteins had a low desorption capacity from milk fat globule membranes, which reduced the agglomerated fatty particles, thus affecting the air phase dispersion. In general, the complete or partial replacement of non-fat milk solids with milk and whey protein concentrates, starch byproducts, and inulin affected some important technological and sensory indicators of the finished product. These results must be taken into account when rationing the physical and chemical variables that depend on the content of non-fat milk solids.
Creating momentum in water operators' partnerships by rapid progress in water production – case studies from two partnerships in Tanzania and Jordan
Authors: Mergel Dorothea , Bochmann Lydia , Czekalla Christoph , Mantel Tomi , Wasala Lawrence , Al-Salhi Ghassan , Haroun Amer , Wendland Claudia
Published: February 2025

This paper presents case studies of Water Operators' Partnerships (WOPs) between MIYAHUNA and HAMBURG WASSER (Jordan and Germany) and KASHWASA (Kahama-Shinyanga Water Supply and Sanitation Authority) and HAMBURG WASSER (Tanzania and Germany) from 2021 to 2024. The case studies demonstrate that technical and economic improvements in the water utilities achieved through the WOPs are closely linked to strong personal relationships and trust between the partners. These elements are crucial for achieving significant and sustainable progress. The paper emphasises the initial focus on optimising water treatment processes within the WOPs. Water production is a core process of most water utilities. Optimised chemical usage in water treatment can lead to immediate benefits, and these quick wins generate savings in daily operation, gaining momentum, building a positive relationship, and enhancing collaboration between the mentor and mentee utilities. This stage is essential for establishing a long-term, sustainable partnership.
Assessing entropy changes in urban sewer systems during pollutant degradation
Authors: Gu Yonggang , Shi Xuan , Jin Pengkang , Wang Xiaochang C.
Published: February 2025

Human activities are intricately linked to entropy changes, inevitably impacting the ecological environment. The initial transportation of urban pipe network systems plays a critical role in this process. These systems involve processes such as fermentation, hydrogen production, acetic acid production, and methane production, generating gases, such as methane and carbon dioxide. Despite their importance, the mechanisms underlying entropy changes during organic matter degradation remain underexplored. This study establishes a 1,200-m-long urban sewer pilot system to analyze pollutant degradation through reaction equations. A novel method, based on standard molar reaction enthalpy changes, is developed to calculate entropy changes, revealing distinct stages of entropy increase. Results indicate that environmental entropy rises primarily during sugar degradation and acetic acid production, while entropy decreases during glucose degradation and methanogenesis. During sewage transport, the heat released from pollutant degradation exceeds that associated with greenhouse gas emissions, leading to a general increase in entropy in the external environment. The findings of this study could help to predict the actual influent quality of wastewater treatment plants and facilitate the optimization of wastewater treatment.
A methodology for assessing the quality of software products that include artificial intelligence in the tasks of document classification and recognition
Authors:   “Logstrim” LLC, N. Milovanov Aleksandr , A. Mistyukov Aleksey ,   “Logstrim” LLC, A. Trusov Dmitriy ,   “Logstrim” LLC, A. Korshunov Aleksey ,   “Logstrim” LLC
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of research conducted by the Russian IT company “Logstrim” to assess the quality of software products that include artificial intelligence in document classification and recognition tasks. During the research, a methodology was developed that allows us to evaluate the quality of software products that include artificial intelligence in document classification and recognition tasks. The developed methodology was used to evaluate the quality of the “ECO-DOC” software package, which includes the YOLO v5 neural network service, in document classification and recognition tasks. The results of testing and quality assessment of the ECO-DOC software package are presented.
APPLICATION OF DEEP LEARNING NEURAL NETWORK ALGORITHMS FOR BRAIN TUMOR CLASSIFICATION
Authors:   Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, O. Timoshkin Maksim , G. Romanova Elena ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. Deep learning is a rapidly developing area of machine learning that allows you to find dependencies in semi-structured data. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that currently automatic classification of tissue types plays an important role in computer diagnostics. The goal of the work is to automate the process of determining the type of brain tumor from its image using deep learning methods. Materials and methods. The work uses deep learning methods to automatically classify the type of brain tumor based on its image. Results and conclusions. A comparison was made of neural network models with different architectures, in different training modes, and with and without sample enrichment. During the training process, using the best architecture, it was possible to achieve a quality of 96 % on the validation set.
As Emendas Parlamentares no Contexto do Orçamento Público:
Authors: Menezes Elaine Cristina de Oliveira , Raupp Fabiano Maury , Sacramento Ana Rita da Silva , Santos Renata Cristina Nogueira
Published: February 2025

No Brasil a Lei Orçamentária Anual (LOA) também deve ser aprovada pelo Poder Legislativo. É no momento da passagem pelo legislativo que podem ser apresentadas as emendas parlamentares, ou seja, alterações ou proposições no orçamento anual feitas diretamente pelos deputados e senadores. Essas emendas suscitam debates acerca do orçamento público do Governo Federal. Parte-se do entendimento de que o orçamento público é um instrumento tecnopolítico, e essa concepção ampla desafia a prática orçamentária e ajuda a explicar o papel das emendas parlamentares no processo alocativo brasileiro. Assim, o artigo objetiva caracterizar as emendas parlamentares do orçamento do Governo Federal, no período de 2019 a 2020, na perspectiva das dimensões econômico-financeira e sociopolítica. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa do tipo exploratória e descritiva, valendo-se teoricamente da discussão do presidencialismo de coalizão para compreender os arranjos das emendas no quadro do orçamento público e das pesquisas documental e bibliográfica como meios de investigação. Em termos de unidade da federação, a região sudeste obteve maior volume de recursos, mas em termos populacionais essa é a maior região do país. Observa-se que prioritariamente se destinam para a saúde, sendo uma imposição da EC nº 86/2015, mas também constam prioritariamente assistência, urbanismo, administração e educação.
Ensemble-based Heart Disease Diagnosis (EHDD) Using Feature Selection and PCA Extraction Methods
Authors: Vinodhini V. , Sathiyabhama B. , Vidhushavarshini S. , Ravi Vinayakumar , Shashidhar R.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Heart disease is a growing health crisis in India, with mortality rates on the rise alongside the population. Numerous studies have been undertaken to understand, predict, and prevent this critical illness. The dimensionality of the dataset, on the other hand, reduces the prediction's accuracy.

Methods

We propose an Ensemble-based Heart Disease Diagnosis (EHDD) model in which the dimension is lowered through filter-based feature selection. The experimental is conducted using the UCI Cleveland dataset with cardiac disease. The precision is achieved through three key steps. The scatter matrix is utilized to divide the distinct class points in the first phase, and the highest eigenvalue and eigenvectors are picked for the new decreased dimension of the dataset. The feature extraction is carried out in the second stage utilizing a statistical approach based on mean, covariance, and standard deviation.

Results

The classification component uses the training and test datasets with a smaller sample space. The last stage is to divide the samples into two groups: healthy subjects and diseased subjects. Since a basic binary classifier will not yield the best results, an ensemble strategy using SVM.

Conclusion

Random Forest is chosen to create accurate predictions. When compared to existing models, the suggested EHDD model outperforms them by 98%.
Trust-Based Neighbor Selection Protocol to Elect Leader in Blockchain using zk-SNARKs Algorithms
Authors: Singh Satpal , Chander Subhash
Published: February 2025

Blockchain stores and writes all the transactions because of the unlimited
storage capacity. Leader election is the process of electing a node as an overall incharge of the distributed network. Leader election is a complicated task as we have to
choose a leader by giving equal opportunity to all the nodes. We implement all the
algorithms of the DONS protocol in order to elect a leader but in our TBNS (Trust
Based Neighbor Selection) protocol, we add zk-SNARKs proof to enhance the security
of Blockchain. zk-SNARKs (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of
Knowledge) is a type of proof used in cryptography to prove the authenticity of
information without revealing any additional information. It allows one party to prove
to another that they know a certain piece of information without actually revealing the
information itself. In the end, the results of our proposed model are compared with
RTT-NS and DONS.
Diabetic Eye Disease Classification by Residual Network based Feature Mapping with Support Vector Machine
Authors: Kapur Neha , Preet Bobbin
Published: February 2025

The retinal blood vessels' diameter and tortuosity will alter as a result of
diabetic retinopathy. The prediction of differences in retinal blood vessel diameter and
new vessel formation is the desired focus of investigation. Segmenting the retinal blood
vessels is necessary in order first to observe the alterations. The suggested system
improves the quality of the segmentation results over diseased retinal images. A
generative and non-generative deep learning model is proposed in this study. The
CNN-SVM was separately applied in the experiment. For classification tasks, the
CNN-GMM-SVM model that has been suggested does have a sensitivity of 81.0%.
When compared to other models, the CNN-GMM-SVM model that has been suggested
produces the best outcomes. The CNN-GMM-SVM model increases classification
sensitivity by 5.4% when compared to CNN-SVM and CNN-GMM.
Health Screening Analysis Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Pal Vipin Kumar , Verma Dhruv , Agarwal Manasvi , Jain Mansi , Panwar Harsh
Published: February 2025

Humans with haemophiliac illnesses are unable to produce melatonin. The
blood sugar level is either unusually high or low for a brief period. This disease can
easily spread to humans and can become severe if left untreated. Numerous factors,
including advanced age, genetics, elevated blood pressure, inactivity, etc might cause
it to happen. The industry has enormous amounts of data because this is a prevalent
condition; some ways to reduce the number ofaffected people include the use big data
analysis and machine learning. To achieve uniform classification , we present a
prediction model based on machine learning algorithms in this study.
Foliar Disease Detection Using ML and Deep Learning
Authors: Shrivastava Aman , Sharma Bhaskar , Goel Somaya , Kumar Sumit , Jain A. K. , Kapoor Shalini
Published: February 2025

This research surveys the classification approaches that can be utilized to
categorize plant leaf diseases. Contemporary farming practices have the potential to
provide sustenance for the 7.6 billion individuals on the Earth. Despite the availability
of sufficient food, some persist in experiencing malnutrition. Plant diseases have a
negative impact on both the yield and the quality of the entire crop. Several obstacles
need to be addressed during the development of an image-processing model for
prediction or classification purposes. Identifying indicators of sickness visually might
pose a challenge for farmers. Computerized image processing technology is employed
to safeguard crops in large-scale settings by utilizing color information from leaves to
identify damaged foliage. Several classification methods exist, such as support vector
machine (SVM), probabilistic neural network, k-nearest neighbor classifier, genetic
algorithm, and principal component analysis. Due to the potential for various input data
to yield varying quality outcomes, the selection of a classification approach is
consistently a tough task. Plant leaf diseases are commonly classified in several
industries, such as agriculture, biotechnology, and scientific research.
Traversing Shifting Sands—the Challenges of Caring for Someone With Alzheimer's Disease and the Impact on Care Partners: Social Media Content Analysis
Authors: Frederiksen Kristian Steen , Hahn-Pedersen Julie , Crawford Rebecca , Morrison Ross , Jeppesen Rose , Doward Lynda , Weidner Wendy
Published: February 2025

Background

Social media data provide a valuable opportunity to explore the effects that Alzheimer disease (AD) has on care partners, including the aspects of providing care that have the greatest impacts on their lives and well-being and their priorities for their loved ones’ treatment.

Objective

The objective of this social media review was to gain insight into the impact of caring for someone with AD, focusing particularly on impacts on psychological and emotional well-being, social functioning, daily life and ability to work, health-related quality of life, social functioning, and relationships.

Methods

We reviewed social media posts from 4 sources—YouTube (Google), Alzheimer’s Association, Alzheimer Society of Canada, and Dementia UK—to gain insights into the impact of AD on care partners. English-language posts uploaded between May 2011 and May 2021 that discussed the impact of AD on care partners were included and analyzed thematically.

Results

Of the 279 posts identified, 55 posts, shared by 70 contributors (4 people living with AD and 66 care partners or family members), met the review criteria. The top 3 reported or observed impacts of AD discussed by contributors were psychological and emotional well-being (53/70, 76%), social life and relationships (37/70, 53%), and care partner overall health-related quality of life (27/70, 39%). An important theme that emerged was the emotional distress and sadness (24/70, 34%) associated with the care partners’ experience of “living bereavement” or “anticipatory grief.” Contributors also reported impacts on care partners’ daily life (9/70, 13%) and work and employment (8/70, 11%). Care partners’ emotional distress was also exacerbated by loved ones’ AD-related symptoms (eg, altered behavior and memory loss). Caregiving had long-term consequences for care partners, including diminished personal well-being, family and personal sacrifices, loss of employment, and unanticipated financial burdens.

Conclusions

Insights from social media emphasized the psychological, emotional, professional, and financial impacts on individuals providing informal care for a person with AD and the need for improved care partner support. A comprehensive understanding of care partners’ experiences is needed to capture the true impact of AD.
Exploring the Effect of an 8-Week AI-Composed Exercise Program on Pain Intensity and Well-Being in Patients With Spinal Pain: Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Griefahn Annika , Avermann Florian , Zalpour Christoff , Marshall Robert Percy , Cordon Morillas Inés , Luedtke Kerstin
Published: February 2025

Background

Spinal pain, one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), significantly impacts the quality of life due to chronic pain and disability. Physical activity has shown promise in managing spinal pain, although optimizing adherence to exercise remains a challenge. The digital development of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven applications offers a possibility for guiding and supporting patients with MSDs in their daily lives.

Objective

The trial aimed to investigate the effect of an 8-week AI-composed exercise program on pain intensity and well-being in patients with spinal pain. It also examined the relationship between exercise frequency, pain intensity, and well-being. In addition, app usage frequency was examined as a proxy for app engagement.

Methods

Data from users who met the inclusion criteria were collected retrospectively from the medicalmotion app between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2023. The intervention involved the use of the medicalmotion app, which provides 3‐5 personalized exercises for each session based on individual user data. The primary outcomes assessed pain intensity and well-being using the numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Likert scale. Data were collected at baseline (t0), 4 weeks (t1), and 8 weeks (t2). The correlation between exercise frequency, pain intensity, and well-being was analyzed as a secondary outcome. In addition, average session length and frequency were measured to determine app engagement. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and Spearman correlation analysis.

Results

The study included 379 participants with a mean age of 50.96 (SD 12.22) years. At t2, there was a significant reduction of 1.78 points on the NRS (P<.001). The score on the Likert scale for well-being improved by 3.11 points after 8 weeks. Pain intensity showed a negative correlation with the number of daily exercises performed at t1 and t2. Well-being had a small negative correlation with the average number of exercises performed per day. The average number of exercises performed per day was 3.58. The average session length was approximately 10 minutes, and the average interaction with the app was 49.2% (n=27.6 days) of the 56 available days.

Conclusions

Overall, the study demonstrates that an app-based intervention program can substantially reduce pain intensity and increase well-being in patients with spinal pain. This retrospective study showed that an app that digitizes multidisciplinary rehabilitation for the self-management of spinal pain significantly reduced user-reported pain intensity in a preselected population of app users.
Instagram As A Political Communication Strategy In The PKS Regional Management Council (DPD) In Pontianak City
Authors: Hadi Marwan , Poernomo Marlinda Irwanti
Published: February 2025

Pontianak City is the capital of West Kalimantan Province. According to data from the General Elections Commission (KPU), it is known that in 2019, Pontianak City had a 24% abstention rate (abstentions) and 30% of the voters were first-time voters (KPU, 2022). Through a pre-research study, it was found that a significant number of young people in Pontianak City were apathetic and not interested in practical political activities, which became the main obstacle faced by the PKS of Pontianak City in implementing its communication strategies to the young sympathizers. It is known that the PKS Public Relations Team of Pontianak City uses Instagram as a communication tool to engage young sympathizers through social media. One way to shape aspirations and engage the young audience in Pontianak City to become sympathizers is through the implementation of effective political communication strategies to establish relationships with the general public, especially the younger generation (public relations). The Uses and Gratification theory, which explains the active nature of the audience in consuming media, can address this issue with five assumptions related to audience activity, audience satisfaction, media competence, audience motives, and media content evaluation. In terms of audience activity, media competence, and media content evaluation, it is considered quite good because young sympathizers have the goal of following the Instagram account @pkspontianak, which can offer activities directly involving young people and provide input and suggestions that can be implemented on the @pkspontianak Instagram account. However, in terms of audience satisfaction and motives, it is still considered less satisfactory. Further research can also gather data from the perspective of the external media environment of the institution in the development of communication strategies. This will lead to formulating strategies that enhance media competitiveness with other similar competitors
Educational Pearls Behind The Phase Of Birth And Forty Years Before Prophethood (Reinterpretation Of The Prophetic Head By Sheikh Shafiyyurrahman Al-Mubarakfuri)
Authors: Maku Hendrikus
Published: February 2025

If in the clouds there is always water that will fall to wet the barren earth, this is also the case with every story in the sirah nabawiyah. The aim of this research is to find educational pearls behind every story or event. There are two methods that will be used in this research, namely: first, using "Library Research" where the method in this research will use theories taken from literature books that support and are relevant to the title of this research. Second, researchers use field research that is appropriate to the object the researcher chooses. This research is a type of field research with a qualitative approach. This research is also supported by library research, namely data sources in the form of books or literature related to the discussion. The results and discussion of this research study are that the "birth and forty years before prophethood" phase of the sirah nabawiyah does not merely contain a series of meaningless stories. In each story or event from this phase, various educational pearls are contained. The conclusion of this study is that readers of the prophet's life history can capture many inspiring moral messages. If so, we can break the expression uthlub al-'ilm walau bi ash-shiin (seek knowledge even in China) with a more Islamic thesis, namely uthlub al-'ilm bi al-qiraat wa al-ta'malu fi sirah nabawiyah .
Integration of Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain Technology in Agribusiness Supply Chain Management: Case Study on Sensor-Based Agricultural Monitoring Systems
Authors: Abubakar Al Asri , Julia Julia , Khalid Zikrul
Published: February 2025

The urgency of this research is to increase efficiency, transparency and sustainability in increasingly complex and challenging agribusiness supply chains. The aim of this research is to develop an integrated system that combines IoT capabilities in collecting agricultural data in real-time, AI to analyze data and provide recommendations for action, as well as security and transparency guaranteed by blockchain technology. The method used is a mixed methods approach , this approach combines qualitative and quantitative elements to obtain a deeper understanding. A qualitative approach is used to gain a contextual perspective, while a quantitative approach is used to measure performance empirically. This research uses a case study design on a sensor-based agricultural monitoring system because of its ability to provide in-depth and holistic insights. The research population consists of users and stakeholders in sensor-based agricultural monitoring systems. The sample was selected purposively to cover various aspects of the supply chain. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, surveys of system users and collection of sensor and transaction data from agricultural monitoring systems. The research results show that the integration of IoT, AI, and blockchain significantly improves operational efficiency in agribusiness supply chains. Implementation of this integrated system resulted in an increase in productivity of up to 22%, a reduction in pesticide use by 35%, an increase in water use efficiency by 30%, and a reduction in operational costs by 18%. Statistical analysis confirmed a strong positive correlation between the use of integrated technology and increased operational efficiency (R=0.85, p<0.01).
Implementation Of A Problem Based Learning Model With The Assistance Of Ai To Improve Students' Critical Thinking Abilities And Creativity
Authors: Novtiana Rizcha , Harmanto Harmanto , Nuaimah Sulasun
Published: February 2025

This research explores the effectiveness of the problem based learning (PBL) learning model with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving students' critical thinking abilities and creativity. Using a qualitative literature review approach, data was obtained from academic databases and online libraries with selection according to inclusion criteria. Descriptive analysis was carried out to understand the main findings regarding the implementation of the PBL model with AI, its impact on students' critical thinking abilities and creativity, as well as the factors that influence the success of its implementation. The results of the literature analysis provide insight into the advantages, weaknesses, and potential for further development of the learning approaches studied. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the development of learning methods that strengthen students' critical thinking abilities and creativity, as well as becoming a guide for educational practitioners and policy developers to improve the quality of learning in various educational institutions