bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Diaryl Urea Derivatives Bearing N‐Acylhydrazone Moiety.
Authors: Zhang Bei , Zhao Yanfang , Zhai Xin , Wang Lihui , Yang Jingyu , Tan Zehui , Gong Ping
Published: January 2013

The title compounds (I), (II) are screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against some human cell lines, A549, MDA‐MB‐231, HL‐60.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 3,1‐Benzoxazin‐2‐ones from 3‐Hydroxyoxindoles.
Authors: Suarez‐Castillo Oscar R. , Bautista‐Hernandez Claudia I. , Sanchez‐Zavala Maricruz , Melendez‐Rodriguez Myriam , Sierra‐Zenteno Araceli , Morales‐Rios Martha S. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro
Published: January 2013

Title compounds (IV), (V) and (VI) are synthesized starting from 3‐hydroxyindoles (I) in a two‐step sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 4‐Morpholinothieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives Bearing Arylmethylene Hydrazine Moiety.
Authors: Zhu Wufu , Zhai Xin , Fu Qiangqiang , Guo Fei , Bai Mei , Wang Jianqiang , Wang Haiyan , Gong Ping
Published: January 2013

Most of the synthesized compounds show moderate to significant cytotoxicity and high selectivity against one or more cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Disesquiterpenoid and Sesquiterpenes from the Flos of Chrysanthemum indicum
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wang Jun‐Song , Zhang Yao , Wang Peng‐Ran , Guo Chao , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: January 2013

isolation and structure elucidation of new disesquiterpenoid (I), and sesquiterpenoids (II), (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Approach to 13a‐Methylphenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids.
Authors: Su Bo , Cai Chunlong , Wang Qingmin
Published: January 2013

The key steps are stereoselective alkylation of the bromides (I) and Pictet—Spengler cyclization of the amines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Sphingolipid and Furanocoumarins with Antimicrobial Activity from Ficus exasperata.
Authors: Dongfack Marlise Diane Jiofack , Lallemand Marie‐Christine , Kuete Victor , Mbazoa Celine Djama , Wansi Jean‐Duplex , Trinh‐van‐Dufat Hanh , Michel Sylvie , Wandji Jean
Published: January 2013

The new sphingolipid ficusamide (I) is isolated along with three known furanocoumarins and six other known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylphenols from the Roots of Ardisia brevicaulis Induce G1 Arrest and Apoptosis Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Human Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer Cells.
Authors: Zhu Guo‐Yuan , Wong Blenda Chi Kwan , Lu Aiping , Bian Zhao‐Xiang , Zhang Ge , Chen Hu‐Biao , Wong Yuen Fan , Fong Wang‐Fun , Yang Zhijun
Published: January 2013

Two new alkylphenol derivatives, ardisiphenol E (Ia) and F (Ib), are isolated along with the known ardisiphenol D.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Surface and Reaction Probe Studies with Model Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Alayoglu Selim , Krier James M. , Michalak William D. , Zhu Zhongwei , Gross Elad , Somorjai Gabor A.
Published: January 2013

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchical TiO2 Microspheres: Synthesis, Structural Control and Their Applications in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Feng , Wu Dapeng , Li Qi , Dong Hui , Li Jianming , Jiang Kai , Xu Dongsheng
Published: January 2013

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Silicon, Big Opportunities: The Development and Future of Colloidally‐Stable Monodisperse Silicon Nanocrystals
Authors: Mastronardi Melanie L. , Henderson Eric J. , Puzzo Daniel P. , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: January 2013

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Superparamagnetism and Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Serantes D. , Baldomir D.
Published: January 2013

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Phosphonate Clusters: From Magnetism to Biological Mimics
Authors: Mitra Merry , Ghosh Rajarshi
Published: January 2013

Review: 175 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Dithiocarbamate Complexes: Chemistry and Biological Activity
Authors: Hogarth Graeme
Published: January 2013

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Direct C—C (Hetero)aromatic Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro
Published: January 2013

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Protocols of a Top‐Selling Anti‐Hypertensive Drug Captopril. A Synthon Disconnection Approach
Authors: Bhanja Chittaranjan , Jena Satyaban
Published: January 2013

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Elastomeric Polypeptides
Authors: van Eldijk Mark B. , McGann Christopher L. , Kiick Kristi L. , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: January 2013

Review: 235 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Synthesis and Self‐Assembly
Authors: Maude S. , Tai L. R. , Davies R. P. W. , Liu B. , Harris S. A. , Kocienski P. J. , Aggeli A.
Published: January 2013

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biologically Active Diazepam Derivatives
Authors: Kumar S. Sathish , Kavitha Helen P. , Arulmurugan S. , Venkatraman B. R.
Published: January 2013

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxime Formation for Fluorine‐18 Labeling of Peptides and Proteins for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging: A Review
Authors: Li Xiang‐Guo , Haaparanta Merja , Solin Olof
Published: January 2013

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Mixed Interactions and Hofmeister Effects
Authors: Ciferri Alberto
Published: January 2013

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox Labels and Indicators Based on Transition Metals and Organic Electroactive Moieties for Electrochemical Nucleic Acids Sensing
Authors: Fojta Miroslav , Havran Ludek , Pivonkova Hana , Horakova Petra , Hocek Michal
Published: January 2013

Review: 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium Derivatization of Nucleic Acids for X‐Ray Crystal‐Structure and Function Studies
Authors: Sheng Jia , Huang Zhen
Published: January 2013

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Braids in Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yang Guo‐Ping , Hou Lei , Luan Xin‐Jun , Wu Biao , Wang Yao‐Yu
Published: January 2013

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Polymers and Their Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Samal Sangram Keshari , Dash Mamoni , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Kaplan David L. , Chiellini Emo , van Blitterswijk Clemens , Moroni Lorenzo , Dubruel Peter
Published: January 2013

Review: 367 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aptasensors for Small Molecule Detection
Authors: Walter Johanna‐Gabriela , Heilkenbrinker Alexandra , Austerjost Jonas , Timur Suna , Stahl Frank , Scheper Thomas
Published: January 2013

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Determining the Orientation and Localization of Membrane‐Bound Peptides
Authors: Hohlweg Walter , Kosol Simone , Zangger Klaus
Published: January 2013

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Data Sampling in Multidimensional NMR: Fundamentals and Strategies
Authors: Maciejewski Mark W. , Mobli Mehdi , Schuyler Adam D. , Stern Alan S. , Hoch Jeffrey C.
Published: January 2013

Review: 46 refs.
Parameter Optimization of Activated Carbon Production from Agave sisalana and Punica granatum Peel: Adsorbents for C.I. Reactive Orange 4 Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Senthilkumar Thambiannan , Raghuraman Rajendran , Miranda Lima Rose
Published: January 2013

In the present study, activated carbons were prepared from sisal fiber (Agave sisalana sp.) and pomegranate peel (Punica granatum sp.) using phosphoric acid as the activating agent. Both sisal fiber activated carbon (SFAC) and pomegranate peel activated carbon (PPAC) were characterized using methylene blue number, iodine number, BET surface area, SEM, and FTIR. The BET surface area of the SFAC and PPAC were 885 and 686 m2/g, respectively. The adsorption studies using C.I. Reactive Orange 4 dye on the SFAC and PPAC were carried out. The effects of time, initial adsorbate concentration, pH, and temperature on the adsorption were studied. The isotherm studies were carried and it was found that the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms fit well for the adsorption of RO 4 on SFAC, while adsorption of RO 4 on PPAC is better represented by the Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. Adsorption kinetics of adsorption was determined using pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models and it was found that the adsorption process follows pseudo second order model. Thermodynamics parameters such as changes in free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) were determined by using van't Hoff equation. The positive ΔH value indicates that RO 4 dye adsorption on SFAC and PPAC is endothermic in nature.
Evaluation of Composts from Agricultural Wastes with Fish Pond Sediment as Bulking Agent to Improve Compost Quality
Authors: Karak Tanmoy , Bhattacharyya Pradip , Paul Ranjit Kumar , Das Tapati , Saha Subhrajit K.
Published: January 2013

Composts with five different ratios of agricultural wastes, viz. rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), potato plant (PP), and mustard stover (MS) were prepared with or without fish pond bottom sediment to investigate the compost maturity and their suitability for field application. The composting process was monitored through the changes in physico‐chemical parameters and germination index (GI) at every 7 days interval of the composting process. All the composts were dark brown and smelled like forest soil within 56 days of composting, which reflected its matured status. On the basis of the physico‐chemical parameters (bulk density: 0.84 g/cm3; pH 7.05; electrical conductivity: 3.52 mS/cm; cation exchange capacity:82.4 cmol/kg; total carbon:321.4 g/kg; total nitrogen: 16.9 g/kg; As: 6.8 mg/kg; Cd: 2.96 mg/kg; Cr: 29.6 mg/kg, Cu: 243.6 mg/kg; Hg: 0.019 mg/kg; Ni: 24.3 mg/kg; Pb: 62.1 mg/kg and Zn: 812 mg/kg) and GI (89–96%), it could be concluded that RS/WS/PP/MS, 1:1:2:1 v/v/v/v with fish pond sediment produced better compost in accordance with the Indian compost standard. Application of a combined randomized block design analysis revealed that there is a significant difference in the responses of the five composts, in relation to the time of composting. Hierarchical clustering algorithm was applied with a view to form homogeneous groups of five different composts on the basis of different physico‐chemical parameters. Therefore, the ratio of waste incorporation is an important decision for composting and addition of pond sediment can improve the quality of compost.
Occurrence of Phthalates in Sewage Sludge from Three Wastewater Treatment Plants in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Çifci Deniz İ. , Kınacı Cumali , Arikan Osman A.
Published: January 2013

Phthalates are considered priority pollutants because of their potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of five phthalates (DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP) in sewage sludge and to determine the seasonal variability of these contaminants at three (Bahçeşehir, Paşaköy, and Tuzla) full‐scale municipal and domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Istanbul, Turkey. Mass balance was also calculated for DEHP at Tuzla WWTP sludge treatment units. DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP concentrations in sewage sludge ranged from 1.4 to 2.7 mg/kg dry weight (dw), 1.1 to 2.8, 0.6 to 4.6, 2.8 to 6.2, 18 to 490 mg/kg dw, respectively. Phthalate concentrations from the Bahçeşehir and Paşaköy WWTPs met the limit (100 mg/kg dw) of Turkey national sludge regulation and the Europe Union draft of sludge directive for land application, whereas phthalate concentrations from Tuzla WWTP exceeded the maximum permissible concentration. Phthalate concentrations did not show seasonal variations for Bahçeşehir and Paşaköy WWTPs, which receive mainly household wastewater while some fluctuations were observed DEP, DBP, and DEHP at Tuzla WWTP which has a lot of industrial wastewater contribution. The mass balance showed that approximately 17% of DEHP in the primary and secondary sludge was removed by anaerobic digestion, while 43% returned back to the beginning of the WWTP and 40% remained in the dewatered sludge. This study suggests that phthalates in sludge from WWTPs with industrial wastewater contribution may limit the use of sludge for land application.
Transformation of Tobacco with ScMTII Gene‐Enhanced Cadmium and Zinc Accumulation
Authors: Daghan Hatice , Arslan Mehmet , Uygur Veli , Koleli Nurcan
Published: January 2013

Genetic transformation is gaining importance for developing plant types suitable to metal accumulate and/or hyperaccumulate. In this study, the transgenic tobacco plant which transferred the ScMTII gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to wild type tobacco cultivar Petite Havana (SR1) was grown on soils with low and high cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in a growth chamber for 6 weeks and compared to wild type tobacco for Cd and Zn accumulation. Cadmium and Zn accumulations in the transgenic and wild type tobacco plants were increased with the increasing Cd and Zn concentrations. Unlike Zn, the transgenic plant accumulated significantly higher amount of Cd compared to the wild type control plants. Shoot Cd concentrations of transgenic tobacco in higher Cd dosages reached the above the hyperaccumulation threshold value of 100 mg Cd kg−1 in the dry weight (DW). Transgenic tobacco accumulated 354, 400, 372, and 457 mg Cd kg−1 DW, for 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg Cd kg−1 soil treatments, respectively. These values are 3.5–4.5‐fold higher than that of Cd hyperaccumulation threshold value. With 10 mg kg−1 Cd treatment, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of transgenic tobacco plants for Cd reached up to 35 in which the threshold value for BCF should be at least 10. Our results showed that the transgenic tobacco may be used as a good Cd hyperaccumulator plant and for phytoextraction of Cd contaminated soils, but not for Zn.
Regulating Environmental Factors of Nutrients Release from Wheat Straw Biochar for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Wei Linin , Xu Gang , Shao Hongbo , Sun Junna , Chang Scott X.
Published: January 2013

One mechanism by which biochar application enhances soil nutrient availability is through direct nutrients release from biochar. However, factors controlling the release processes are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of pH, biochar to water ratio, temperature, ionic strength, and equilibration time on the release of PO, NO, NH, K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ from biochar were evaluated in simulated experiments. The release of PO, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ was significantly affected by extraction pH, suggesting that their release from biochar was pH dependent or an H+‐consuming process. Correlation analysis indicated that PO and Ca2+, PO and Mg2+, and Ca2+ and Mg2+ were co‐solubilized with increasing soil acidity. To a lesser extent, the recovery of the nutrients was also affected by the ratio of biochar to water: more nutrients were soluble with more water supply. In contrast, the release of Na was not affected by pH while the concentration increased with decreasing biochar to water ratio. Meanwhile, other factors (temperature, ionic strength, and equilibration time) had less effect on nutrient release from biochar. Under the influence of pH, the patterns of NO and PO release from biochar were different: extractable NO concentration was not affected by the pH but more PO was released in strongly acidic conditions. Our data suggested that P was mainly retained in inorganic forms while N was in organic forms in biochar. We conclude that environmental factors have marked influences on nutrients release from biochar.
Can filament treadmilling alone account for the F‐actin turnover in lamellipodia?
Authors: Miyoshi Takushi , Watanabe Naoki
Published: January 2013

Actin forms a polarized filament that grows at the barbed end and shrinks at the pointed end. This phenomenon known as “treadmilling” is believed to govern actin filament turnover. However, in the cell, whether actin turnover proceeds by treadmilling or by other reactions, including filament severing, is a debatable issue. Our previous fluorescence single‐molecule speckle (SiMS) analysis has yielded data about the lifetime distribution of F‐actin, the uncapping kinetics of both the barbed and pointed ends of the filaments and the elongation rate of the barbed end in lamellipodia. Given these parameters, we estimated the rate of disassembly of the pointed end required to achieve the observed fast actin turnover under the assumption of exclusive filament treadmilling. We derived a method for calculating the lifetime of an individual F‐actin subunit at a given position in the Arp2/3 complex‐nucleated filament. Extension of this derivation revealed that in the absence of disassembly in the other portions of the filaments, at least 100‐fold acceleration of the in vitro pointed end disassembly rate is required to achieve observed F‐actin lifetime distribution in lamellipodia. It is, therefore, unlikely that treadmilling solely accounts for the actin filament turnover in vivo. Accumulating evidence obtained by SiMS analysis implies a non‐treadmilling actin turnover mechanism in which a substantial amount of F‐actin might disassemble near the barbed end of the filament. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Using primary site as a predictor of survival in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Ambinder Alexander J. , Shenoy Pareen J. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Flowers Christopher R.
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND:

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare B cell lymphoma that varies in clinical behavior with some patients experiencing aggressive disease with short survival, whereas others have indolent behavior. We examined the association between primary disease site and survival in MCL patients to identify subgroups with distinct characteristics.

METHODS:

We analyzed the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program database for MCL cases reported from 2000 through 2009. Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the effect of primary site on survival.

RESULTS:

Among 4477 cases included in our study, 19.6% of patients presented with an extranodal primary site. The most common extranodal primary sites were of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (7.8%), the head and neck (6.2%), and the hematologic/reticuloendothelial systems (3.6%). Asians/Pacific Islanders were more likely than whites or blacks to have GI tract or head and neck disease (P < .0001 and P = .002, respectively). Advanced disease and B symptoms were less common in those with primary disease of the GI tract or head and neck than in those with primary disease of the lymph nodes (both P < .0001). In a multivariate Cox regression model, patients with primary disease of the GI tract and head and neck had superior survival compared to those with primary disease of the lymph nodes; hazard ratios 0.75 (95% CI = 0.62‐0.90) and 0.68 (95% CI = 0.55‐0.85), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Primary site of disease may be an important prognostic factor for patients with MCL. Further studies elucidating a biological basis for these differences are needed. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Health care provider communication
Authors: Chochinov Harvey M. , McClement Susan E. , Hack Thomas F. , McKeen Nancy A. , Rach Amanda M. , Gagnon Pierre , Sinclair Shane , Taylor‐Brown Jill
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND:

Patients who are facing life‐threatening and life‐limiting cancer almost invariably experience psychological distress. Responding effectively requires therapeutic sensitivity and skill. In this study, we examined therapeutic effectiveness within the setting of cancer‐related distress with the objective of understanding its constituent parts.

METHODS:

Seventy‐eight experienced psychosocial oncology clinicians from 24 health care centers across Canada were invited to participate in 3 focus groups each. In total, 29 focus groups were held over 2 years, during which clinicians articulated the therapeutic factors deemed most helpful in mitigating patient psychosocial distress. The content of each focus group was summarized into major themes and was reviewed with participants to confirm their accuracy. Upon completion of the focus groups, workshops were held in various centers, eliciting participant feedback on an empirical model of therapeutic effectiveness based on the qualitative analysis of focus group data.

RESULTS:

Three primary, interrelated therapeutic domains emerged from the data, forming a model of optimal therapeutic effectiveness: 1) personal growth and self‐care (domain A), 2) therapeutic approaches (domain B), and 3) creation of a safe space (domain C). Areas of domain overlap were identified and labeled accordingly: domain AB, therapeutic humility; domain BC, therapeutic pacing; and domain AC, therapeutic presence.

CONCLUSIONS:

This empirical model provides detailed insights regarding the elements and pedagogy of effective communication and psychosocial care for patients who are experiencing cancer‐related distress. [See editorial on pages 000–000, this issue.] Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Anion‐Conductive Membranes with Ultralow Vanadium Permeability and Excellent Performance in Vanadium Flow Batteries
Authors: Mai Zhensheng , Zhang Huamin , Zhang Hongzhang , Xu Wanxing , Wei Wenping , Na Hui , Li Xianfeng
Published: January 2013

Anion exchange membranes prepared from quaternized poly(tetramethyl diphenyl ether sulfone) (QAPES) were first investigated in the context of vanadium flow battery (VFB) applications. The membranes showed an impressive suppression effect on vanadium ions. The recorded vanadium permeability was 0.02×10−7–0.09×10−7 cm2 min−1, which was two orders of magnitude lower than that of Nafion 115. The self‐discharge duration of a VFB single cell with a QAPES membrane is four times longer than that of Nafion 115. The morphological difference in hydrophilic domains between QAPES and Nafion was confirmed by TEM. After soaking the membranes in VO2+ solution, adsorbed vanadium ions can barely be found in QAPES, whereas the hydrophilic domains of Nafion were stained. In the ex situ chemical stability test, QAPES showed a high tolerance to VO2+ and remained intact after immersion in VO2+ solution for over 250 h. The performance of a VFB single cell assembled with QAPES membranes is equal to or even better than that of Nafion 115 and remains stable in a long‐term cycle test. These results indicate that QAPES membranes can be an ideal option in the fabrication of high‐performance VFBs with low electric capacity loss.
Identifying leukocyte populations in fresh and cryopreserved sputum using flow cytometry
Authors: Brooks Collin R. , van Dalen Christine J. , Hermans Ian F. , Douwes Jeroen
Published: January 2013

Background:

Airway inflammation is commonly assessed by sputum induction followed by a differential cell count (DCC) using light microscopy. This method is prone to intercounter variability and poor reproducibility. We aimed to develop a more objective method using flow cytometry (FCM).

Methods:

Fifty‐six sputum inductions were conducted in 41 adults (23 asthmatics). Sputum was processed, a cytospin prepared for DCC, and the remainder immunolabeled for FCM using CD45, CD14, and CD16‐specific antibodies to distinguish major leukocyte populations. Aliquots of 15 samples were frozen at −80°C to assess the effects of cryostorage. DCC and FCM were compared, and viability of individual cell populations was determined by FCM.

Results:

FCM and DCC, and fresh and frozen samples, were significantly correlated, R = 0.54–0.87; all P < 0.0001, and R = 0.57 to 1; P < 0.005, respectively. There was a significant neutrophil loss after cryostorage (from median 30.5–17.4% of total leukocytes; P < 0.0001). Cell viability was higher for lymphocytes compared to granulocytes or macrophages (P < 0.001). With the exception of the expected higher levels of eosinophils (P < 0.005), no significant difference in cell differentials or viability was observed between asthmatics and nonasthmatics using either DCC or FCM.

Conclusions:

FCM is a suitable means of assessing leukocyte populations in induced sputum. Sample storage at −80°C prior to FCM is feasible, but may be detrimental to neutrophils, although good correlations were still observed between fresh and frozen samples. Large differences in viability were found between individual cell populations suggesting that viability dye use may be necessary. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Flow cytometry is of limited utility in the early identification of “Double‐hit” B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Platt Mia Y. , DeLelys Michelle E. , Preffer Frederic I. , Sohani Aliyah R.
Published: January 2013

Background:

B‐cell lymphomas with concurrent translocations of MYC and BCL2 or BCL6, also known as “double‐hit” lymphomas (DHL), are rare malignancies characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis. Previous reports suggest that decreased CD20 and/or CD19 expression by flow cytometry is relatively common in DHL and may help to identify cases requiring additional cytogenetic analysis.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 26 cases of DHL, and compared their flow cytometric characteristics to cases of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Cases were analyzed by four‐color flow cytometry, and bivariate dot‐plots were reviewed for light scatter characteristics, CD19, CD20, CD45, and surface light chain.

Results:

Relatively few DHL cases showed dim expression of CD19 or CD20, and statistically significant differences were found only in the frequency of dim CD19 expression between DHL and BL or DLBCL. Although concomitant dim CD19 and CD20 expression was exclusive to DHL, it was present in only a minority of cases.

Conclusions:

We conclude that although a subset of DHL expresses aberrant levels of CD19 and/or CD20 by flow cytometry, these findings are of limited utility in identifying cases requiring cytogenetic analysis due to their low frequency. Until more sensitive pathologic parameters can be identified and validated, the decision to perform cytogenetic analysis should rest on a combination of clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features suggestive of high‐grade, aggressive disease. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Epithelioid schwannoma of the facial nerve masquerading as pleomorphic adenoma: A case report
Authors: Ciau Nancy , Eisele David W. , van Zante Annemieke
Published: January 2013

Schwannomas arising in the parotid gland or peri‐parotid region is frequently misdiagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma on cytologic preparations. The epithelioid variant of schwannoma is particularly susceptible to misdiagnosis because this neoplasm typically has epithelioid and spindled cells, which are associated with fibrillar stroma and mimic the epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal components of a pleomorphic adenoma. Preoperative diagnosis of schwannoma is critical in order to plan appropriate management and to avoid inadvertent injury to the associated nerve during surgical resection. Thus, awareness of the distinct clinical, radiological, and cytomorphological features of schwannoma is important in order to guide clinical management. If the cytomorphological features are equivocal, immunohistochemical staining may provide a valuable alternative for distinguishing between pleomorphic adenoma and schwannoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:58–62. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parotid gland tumors: Correlation between routine cytology and cytomorphometry by digital image analysis using conventional and newly introduced cytomorphometric parameters
Authors: Obad‐Kovačević Dragica , Kardum‐Skelin Ika , Jelić‐Puškarić Biljana , Vidjak Vinko , Blašković Darko
Published: January 2013

The objective of this study was to compare qualitative cytomorphology and morphometric characteristics of parotid gland tumor cells, with the aid of a computer‐assisted system of image analysis. Routine qualitative cytologic and quantitative morphometric results from 64 parotid gland tumors were compared. Ultrasound (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens were taken from 54 patients. Eleven conventionally used morphometric parameters were studied: area, perimeter, convex area, convexity, maximal and minimal radius, length, breadth, form factor (FF), elongation factor, and nuclear‐ cytoplasmatic (N/C) ratio. Two newly introduced nuclear form factors were also measured: area symmetry factor and perimeter symmetry factor. The following nuclear morphometric parameters were significantly different between malignant and benign tumors: area, perimeter, convex area, convexity, maximal and minimal radius, length, breadth, FF, elongation factor, area symmetry factor, and perimeter symmetry factor. Comparing the cutoff values and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves the following nuclear morphometric parameters were found most useful in separating benign from malignant tumors: area, perimeter, convex area, maximal radius, length, and FF. The following whole cell morphometric parameters were significantly different between malignant and benign tumors: minimal and maximal radius, convexity, breadth, FF, and elongation factor. N/C ratio was significantly higher in malignant tumors. The quantitative morphometric analysis is a useful tool in the cytological differentiation between benign and malignant parotid gland tumors. Computerized image analysis may add to morphological evaluation by turning qualitative data into quantitative values. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:776–784. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computer‐assisted Interventions Targeting Reading Skills of Children with Reading Disabilities – A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Fälth Linda , Gustafson Stefan , Tjus Tomas , Heimann Mikael , Svensson Idor
Published: January 2013

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of three computerized interventions on the reading skills of children with reading disabilities in Grade 2. This longitudinal intervention study included five test sessions over 1 year. Two test points occur before the intervention, and three afterwards. The last follow‐up was conducted 1 year after the first measurement. One hundred thirty children in Grade 2 participated in the study. Three groups of children with reading difficulties received computerized training programmes: one aimed at improving word decoding skills and phonological abilities, the second focused on word and sentence levels and the third was a combination of these two training programmes. A fourth group received ordinary special instruction. In addition, there was one comparison group with age‐matched typical readers. All groups improved their reading skills. The group that received combined training showed greater improvement than the one with ordinary special instruction and the group of typical readers at two follow‐ups. The longitudinal results indicate additional positive results for the group that received the combined training, the majority of students from that group being no longer judged to be needing special education 1 year after the intervention. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A VHF interferometry system for detecting anomalous propagation of FM radio broadcasting waves related to earthquakes and some preliminary results
Authors: Ohno Nozomi , Tone Yuka , Hattori Katsumi , Yamamoto Isao , Shimakura Shin , Takano Toshiaki
Published: January 2013

Earthquake‐related anomalous electromagnetic phenomena have been reported in various frequency ranges over the past few decades. Investigation of the anomalous propagation of VHF transmitter waves is a promising approach to short‐term prediction and crustal activity monitoring. Anomalous propagation is believed to be generated by disturbances of the atmosphere above the epicenter or along the propagation path prior to large earthquakes. Consequently, over‐the‐horizon propagation has been received. A recent study shows that the appearance of anomalies was signiﬁcantly enhanced within 5 days of earthquakes with M ≥4.8. However, there is no information on the scattering location, that is, on the direction of wave arrival. Therefore, a simple interferometer system for VHF radio waves to identify the space‐time position of earthquake‐related atmospheric disturbances has been developed and installed at Chiba University. This paper describes the newly developed interferometer system and presents the results of fundamental tests to evaluate the performance of the new interferometer at Chiba. Data on over‐the‐horizon propagation of VHF radio waves obtained from 1‐year continuous measurement at Chiba are described. These are possible radio duct propagations and possible earthquake‐related anomalous propagations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(1): 16–24, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22303
Study of molecular behavior in oxidation of insulating oil using terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Nishimura Nobuaki , Ogura Ryuichi , Matsumoto Satoshi , Mizuno Maya , Fukunaga Kaori
Published: January 2013

The stock of aged power equipment is increasing and it is important to clarify the characteristics of deteriorated insulating oil. This paper describes a basic study of molecular behavior in the oxidation of insulating oil by terahertz spectroscopy. The oxidation of insulating oil was modeled by using various compositions of dodecane and 2‐octanol. The terahertz measurements indicated that signiﬁcant absorption related to hydroxyl groups (‐OH) occurred between 6 and 7 THz. The absorption band was also observed in accelerated aging alkylbenzene, which is used in power equipment as insulating oil and is sensitive to hydrogen bonds. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(1): 9–15, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22335
Equivalent circuits for repeater antennas used in wireless power transfer via magnetic resonance coupling
Authors: Imura Takehiro
Published: January 2013

The demand for wireless power transfer via magnetic resonance coupling is increasing. Magnetic resonance coupling is a new technology that achieves power transfers across a large air gap by using transmitting and receiving antennas. However, repeater antennas can enable power transmission across an even larger distance. These repeater antennas without cross coupling can be expressed as a T‐type equivalent circuit. Equivalent circuits that include cross coupling and mutual inductance, which is related to the antenna position, have not been studied. In this paper, a novel way to represent a repeater antenna by an equivalent circuit and a way to determine the mutual inductance are proposed and veriﬁed by performing an electromagnetic ﬁeld analysis and experiment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(1): 51–62, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22360
Molecular Imprint for Electrochemical Detection of Streptomycin Residues Using Enzyme Signal Amplification
Authors: Que Xiaohua , Liu Bingqian , Fu Libing , Zhuang Junyang , Chen Guonan , Tang Dianping
Published: January 2013

We have designed a new molecularly imprinted co‐polymer (MIP) for the sensitive detection of streptomycin (STR) in food using enzymes as signal amplification. The MIP was fabricated via co‐polymerization of aniline and o‐phenylenediamine on gold substrate in the presence of STR as template. The assay is based on competitive binding of free STR and glucose oxidase‐labeled STR (GOx‐STR) to the imprinters on the MIP. On addition of glucose, hydrogen peroxide is formed that is detected by differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the decrease of the catalytic current is proportional to the STR concentration in the range from 0.01 to 10 ng mL−1, with a detection limit (LOD) of 7.0 pg mL−1 STR (at 3sB). Intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs) are<10.5 %. The system was further validated and evaluated with STR‐spiked samples including honey and milk, and the recovery was between 82 and 124.2 %.
Voltammetric Quantification of Zn and Cu, Together with Hg and Pb, Based on a Gold Microwire Electrode, in a Wider Spectrum of Surface Waters
Authors: Alves Georgina M. S. , Magalhães Júlia M. C. S. , Soares Helena M. V. M.
Published: January 2013

The simultaneous determination of Zn and Cu by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is prone to errors due to the formation of Cu‐Zn intermetallic compounds. The main aim of this work was to study the possibility of simultaneous determination of Zn and Cu, together with Hg and Pb, using a mercury‐free solid gold microwire electrode. The multi‐element detection was carried out by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), in a chloride medium (0.5 M NaCl) under moderate acid conditions (HCl 1.0 mM) in the presence of oxygen, where the gold microwire electrode was used as stationary or vibrating working electrode during the deposition step. Under these conditions, no formation of Cu‐Zn intermetallic compounds were found for concentrations usually determined in surface waters. In addition, quantification of Zn and Cu, together with Hg and Pb, can be performed in a wide range of concentrations (about two orders of magnitude) using the same sample, in a very short period of time. The detection limits for Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, using a vibrating electrode and 30 s of deposition time, were 0.2 µg L−1 for Hg, 0.3 µg L−1 for Pb and 0.4 µg L−1 for Zn and Cu, respectively. The proposed DPASV methods were successfully applied to the determination of Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in a certified reference fresh water, river, tap and coastal sea waters. These results proved the applicability and versatility of the proposed methods for the analysis of different water matrices and showed that a gold microwire electrode is a suitable choice to determine simultaneously Zn and Cu.
Zinc Detection in Serum by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry on Microfabricated Bismuth Electrodes
Authors: Jothimuthu Preetha , Wilson Robert A. , Herren Josi , Pei Xing , Kang Wenjing , Daniels Rodney , Wong Hector , Beyette Fred , Heineman William R. , Papautsky Ian
Published: January 2013

Zinc (Zn) homeostasis is required for a functional immune system. Critically ill patients often exhibit decreased Zn serum concentrations and could potentially benefit from Zn supplementation as a therapeutic strategy. However, the conventional approaches to monitoring Zn are time consuming and costly. This work reports on detection of Zn by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) on bismuth electrodes in a microfabricated electrochemical cell. The working potential window of the electrodeposited bismuth film electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, while square wave ASV was used for measuring Zn in acetate buffer and blood serum. Conditions critical to sensing, such as preconcentration potential, preconcentration time, and buffer pH, were optimized for Zn detection. The sensor was successfully calibrated with pH 6 acetate buffer in the physiologically‐relevant range of 5 µM to 50 µM Zn and exhibited well‐defined and highly repeatable peaks. The sensor was used to demonstrate measurement of Zn in blood serum digested in HCl. The results of this work show that Zn detection in serum is possible with smaller sample volumes (µL vs. mL) and faster turnaround time (hours vs. days) as compared with the conventional spectroscopic methods.
Electroanalytical Study of Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction at Carbon Nanohorns‐Pt Nanostructured Electrodes
Authors: Hamoudi Zéhira , Brahim Aïssa , El Khakani My Ali , Mohamedi Mohamed
Published: January 2013

This work reports a comprehensive electroanalytical study of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) in electrochemical applications. Compared to other types of carbons, the bare CNHs electrode exhibited higher peak current densities and lowest anodic peak‐to‐cathodic peak separation of less than 50 mV for the [Fe(CN)4−]6/[Fe(CN)3−]6 redox couple. Furthermore, CNHs exhibited excellent electrocatalyst supporting properties for porous Pt film towards methanol oxidation reaction reaching a peak current density of 127 mA cm−2 or peak current mass activity 184 mA mgPt−1. Regarding oxygen reduction reaction, an onset potential as positive as 0. 77 V vs. Ag/AgCl was achieved with CNHs/porous Pt film.
MicroRNAs in age‐related diseases
Authors: Dimmeler Stefanie , Nicotera Pierluigi
Published: January 2013

Aging is a complex process that is linked to an increased incidence of major diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease, but also cancer and immune disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs, which post‐transcriptionally control gene expression by inhibiting translation or inducing degradation of targeted mRNAs. MiRNAs target up to hundreds of mRNAs, thereby modulating gene expression patterns. Many miRNAs appear to be dysregulated during cellular senescence, aging and disease. However, only few miRNAs have been so far linked to age‐related changes in cellular and organ functions. The present article will discuss these findings, specifically focusing on the cardiovascular and neurological systems.

This review is part of the small RNAs review series. See more reviews from this series. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1757‐4684/homepage/reviews_smallrnas.htm
A refined aquatic ecological risk assessment for a pyrethroid insecticide used for adult mosquito management
Authors: Schleier Jerome J. , Peterson Robert K.D.
Published: January 2013

The use of pyrethroid insecticides has increased substantially throughout the world over the past few decades as the use of organophorous, carbamate, and organochlorine insecticides is being phased out. Pyrethroids are the most common class of insecticides for ultralow-volume (ULV) aerosol applications used to manage high densities of adult mosquitoes. Pyrethroids are highly toxic to nontarget organisms such as certain aquatic organisms, and there have been concerns about the effect of applications of ULV insecticides on these organisms. To address the uncertainties associated with the risks of ULV applications and the contradictory findings of other ecological risk assessments, the authors performed a probabilistic aquatic ecological risk assessment for permethrin using actual environmental deposition on surfaces to estimate permethrin concentrations in water. The present study is the first ecological risk assessment for pyrethroids to quantitatively integrate the reduction in bioavailability resulting from the presence of dissolved organic matter. As part of the risk assessment, the authors incorporated a species sensitivity distribution to take into account the differences in toxicity for different species. The 95th percentile estimated concentration would result in less than 0.0001% of the potentially affected fraction of species reaching the lethal concentration that kills 50% of a population. The results of the present study are supported by the weight of evidence that pyrethroids applied by ground-based ULV equipment will not result in deleterious effects on aquatic organisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:948–953. © 2013 SETAC
Toxicity of four sulfonamide antibiotics to the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca
Authors: Bartlett Adrienne J. , Balakrishnan V.K. , Toito J. , Brown L.R.
Published: January 2013

Sulfonamides are a widely used class of antibiotics; however, there are few toxicological data available with which to conduct environmental risk assessments for these compounds. Therefore, the toxicity of four sulfonamides (sulfaguanidine, sulfathiazole, sulfamerazine, and sulfasalazine) to Hyalella azteca was assessed in chronic (four-week), water-only exposures. Survival was evaluated weekly, and growth was measured at the end of the test. Four-week lethal concentrations associated with 50% mortality (LC50s) for sulfaguanidine, sulfathiazole, and sulfamerazine were 0.90, 1.6, and 3.9 µM, respectively. Sulfaguanidine caused effects on survival more quickly and at lower concentrations than sulfathiazole or sulfamerazine. These differences were more pronounced at week 1 than week 4, when sulfaguanidine LC50s were 8 to 20 times lower and 2 to 4 times lower, respectively. Growth was affected by sulfathiazole but was a less sensitive end point than survival, with an effective concentration associated with 50% reduction in growth (EC50) of 13 µM, whereas sulfaguanidine and sulfamerazine caused negligible effects on growth. Sulfasalazine had no effect on survival or growth at any concentration tested, up to 13 µM. The effects observed in the present study occurred at concentrations exceeding those typically found in environmental waters. However, given that LC50s decreased with exposure duration (except for sulfasalazine), the present study demonstrates the importance of conducting longer-term tests to adequately assess the environmental toxicity of sulfonamides. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:866–875. © 2013 SETAC
Silver nanoparticle toxicity effect on growth and cellular viability of the aquatic plant Lemna gibba
Authors: Oukarroum Abdallah , Barhoumi Lotfi , Pirastru Laura , Dewez David
Published: January 2013

The toxicity effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on growth and cellular viability was investigated on the aquatic plant Lemna gibba exposed over 7 d to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L of AgNPs. Growth inhibition was demonstrated by a significant decrease of frond numbers dependent on AgNP concentration. Under these conditions, reduction in plant cellular viability was detected for 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L of AgNPs within 7 d of AgNPs treatment. This effect was highly correlated with the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). A significant increase of intracellular ROS formation was triggered by 1 and 10 mg/L of AgNP exposure. The induced oxidative stress was related to Ag accumulation within L. gibba plant cells and with the increasing concentration of AgNP exposure in the medium. The authors' results clearly suggested that AgNP suspension represented a potential source of toxicity for L. gibba plant cells. Due to the low release capacity of free soluble Ag from AgNP dissolution in the medium, it is most likely that the intracellular uptake of Ag was directly from AgNPs, triggering cellular oxidative stress that may be due to the release of free Ag inside plant cells. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that AgNP accumulation in an aquatic environment may represent a potential source of toxicity and a risk for the viability of duckweeds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:902–907. © 2013 SETAC
Toxic effects of environment-friendly antifoulant nonivamide on Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Zhou Jun , Yang Cuiyun , Wang Jianhua , Sun Pengcheng , Fan Ping , Tian Kai , Liu Sujing , Xia Chuanhai
Published: January 2013

Nonivamide, a synthetic derivate of natural capsaicin, has an effective antifouling activity. However, the poor understanding of the toxicity mechanism limits the application of nonivamide in antifouling paints. The present study investigated the inhibitory effects and toxicity mechanism of nonivamide on Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Under a 1.5 × 105 cells/ml of initial algal density (IAD), the effective concentration causing 50% inhibition at 4- d (4 d-EC50) value of nonivamide was 5.1 mg/L. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was significantly increased in nonivamide-treated algae. Algal antioxidants, including catalases (CAT), peroxidases (POD), superoxide dismutases (SOD), and glutathione (GSH), were all stimulated by the ROS burst. The excessive ROS substances led to the loss of algal photosynthetic pigments and also damage to the integrity of the lipid membrane. Furthermore, ROS-related genes, including psbA, psbD, psaB, rbcL, nad1, and cob, were found to be suppressed in the chloroplasts and mitochondria of nonivamide-treated algae, and the concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+, an important regulator of chloroplast and mitochondrion, was elevated. The present study demonstrates that nonivamide could cause peroxidative damages to P. tricornutum by inducing ROS overproduction, which may be initiated by the suppression of ROS-related genes in algal chloroplasts and mitochondria. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:802–809. © 2013 SETAC