bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cobalt(II), Manganese(IV) Mononuclear and Zinc(II) Symmetric Dinuclear Complexes of an Aliphatic Hydrazone Schiff Base Ligand with Diversity in Coordination Behaviors and Supramolecular Architectures: Syntheses, Structural Elucidations, and Spectroscopic Characterizations
Authors: Sadhukhan Dipali , Ray Aurkie , Pilet Guillaume , Rosair Georgina M , Garribba Eugenio , Nonat Aline , Charbonnière Loïc J , Mitra Samiran
Published: July 2011

Three new complexes of cobalt, manganese, and zinc have been synthesized using a hydrazone Schiff base ligand {(E)-N′-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]acetohydrazide} (LH2) produced by the 1:1 condensation of acetic hydrazide and 2-hydroxyacetophenone. The ligand has shown three different coordination modes in the three complexes: a monoanionic tridentate coordination mode with the CoII complex ([Co(LH)2]·CH3OH, 1), a dianionic tridentate coordination mode with the MnIV complex ([Mn(L)2], 2), and monoanionic μ2-phenoxo-bridged tridentate coordination mode with the ZnII complex ([Zn(LH)(OOCCF3)]2, 3). All three complexes show interesting supramolecular architectures, especially for 3 a nanoporous supramolecular (4, 4) grid 2D framework is formed. The ligand and the complexes are well characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV–vis spectroscopy. The spin states of the CoII and MnIV metal ions and hence the coordination modes of the ligand in these complexes are in good agreement with the EPR spectroscopic data. The fluorescence emission spectra of LH2 and the zinc complex 3 are measured in acetonitrile solution as well as in solid state.
Thermal Aza-Bergman Cyclization of o-Alkynylaryl Isocyanides with Organic Diselenide, Ditelluride, and Iodine Leading to 2,4-Difunctionalized Quinolines
Authors: Mitamura Takenori , Ogawa Akiya
Published: July 2011

Thermal aza-Bergman cyclization of o-alkynylaryl isocyanides has been achieved in the presence of organic dichalcogenides. The reactions can be induced upon heating at 40 °C to afford the corresponding 2,4-dichalcogenated quinolines. In addition, similar conditions can be also employed with iodine to form 2,4-diiodoquinolines.
Subporphyrins: A Legitimate Ring-Contracted Porphyrin with Versatile Electronic and Optical Properties
Authors: Osuka Atsuhiro , Tsurumaki Eiji , Tanaka Takayuki
Published: July 2011

After a brief survey of our efforts in the development of novel porphyrinoids that include meso–meso-linked porphyrin arrays, meso-aryl expanded porphyrins, and transition-metal-catalyzed functionalizations of porphyrins, a particular focus in this account is placed on the chemistry of subporphyrins that has been explored in our group. Subporphyrin is a legitimate ring-contracted porphyrin consisting of three pyrrolic subunits domed in a C3 symmetric bowl shape. While subporphyrins are simple and small macrocycles and possess a key position in porphyrin chemistry, they had been elusive until our first synthesis of tribenzosubporphines in 2006. Shortly after, synthetic protocols of meso-aryl-substituted subporphyrins were developed to produce various subporphyrins with versatile electronic properties that can be widely tuned by meso-aryl substituents. Raney nickel reduction was used to prepare meso-alkyl-substituted subporphyrins from meso-thienyl-substituted subporphyrins. Subchlorins and subbacteriochlorins were prepared respectively by the reduction of subporphyrins with p-tosylhydrazide and Raney nickel. While subporphyrins and subchlorins share conjugated 14π-electronic circuits, subbacteriochlorins have a rare [13]diazaannulene circuit maintained through the lone-pair electrons of the nitrogen atom. The aromaticity decreases in the order of subporphyrin > subchlorin > subbacteriochlorin, as indicated from 1H- and 11B NMR spectra and nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations. Despite these progresses, the chemistry of subporphyrins is still in the infant stage with many untouched aspects and further improvements in synthetic yields are highly desirable for the developments of the chemistry of subporphyrins as well as their applications in diverse fields.
Effect of Lateral Fluorine Substituent on Mesophase Behavior of Bent-shaped Molecules with Asymmetric Central Naphthalene Core
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Zhan Maosheng , Wang Kai , Zhou Huazhen
Published: July 2011

Novel lateral fluorinated bent-shaped molecules based on 1,7- and 1,6-naphthalene central core are prepared. Their mesomorphic properties are discussed in comparison with those of conventional unsubstituted bent-shape molecules.
Breast Health Care in India: Time for a Paradigm Shift
Authors: Ram P Raghu
Published: July 2011

A decade ago I was all set to spend the rest of my professional life as an oncoplastic breast surgeon in the UK. Fate, however, had other intentions for me: my mother was diagnosed with early breast cancer in 2002.
Acute Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Delays in Acute Surgery and Cost Analysis of Aproposed New Service
Authors: Cockbain AJ , Young AL , McGinnes E , Toogood GJ
Published: July 2011

Acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ALC) is widely considered the most appropriate management for patients presenting with acute cholecystitis as supported by a recent meta-analysis and Cochrane review. Although the benefit of ALC is less clear in patients with biliary colic, few would disagree that earlier cholecystectomy is preferable for most patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. ALC has similar complication rates to elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) and a reduced total length of hospital stay. Recurrent symptoms from untreated gallstone disease are common, with the risk of developing more severe complications such as acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis or cholangitis while waiting for an operation. It has been reported that patients awaiting ELC after an acute admission have significantly more general practitioner (GP) attendances than those who receive ALC, that they have an average of one emergency department attendance for symptom recurrence and that one in six requires hospital admission due to the severity of recurrent symptoms.
Three years running the MRCS
Authors: Oliver Chris
Published: July 2011

Three years as Chairman of the Intercollegiate Committee for Basic Surgical Examinations (ICBSE) have passed quickly. I have often reflected on the purpose of the Membership of Royal College Surgeons (MRCS) exam, which has been to develop and oversee the intercollegiate surgical membership examination for assessing the standards of junior trainees during and at the end point of: (1) basic surgical training (until August 2007 in the UK and for an indefinite period in Ireland and overseas) and (2) core surgical training (from August 2007 in the UK); and also (3) to develop and oversee the Diploma of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery (DO–HNS) examination. The work of the ICBSE has been to maintain the quality and standard of the MRCS examinations and to deliver incremental quality improvements to satisfy the various stakeholders. It has been quite a challenge.
Routine Laboratory Tests in Adult Trauma: Are they Necessary?
Authors: Duggan SM , Tillotson L , McCann PA
Published: July 2011

Trauma is an important public health issue, remaining a common cause of death and morbidity in the UK. The management of trauma patients results in significant health costs. The annual expenditure of the National Health Service for treating such injuries is approximately £1.6 billion (about 7% of the total annual budget). Few studies have been published on the costs of acute treatment for blunt injury in the UK. In the most recent study, Christensen et al examined 35,564 adult patients, finding that the mean hospital cost per person was £9,530 and that costs varied significantly by injury severity and mortality.
The Aggregation of Marginal Gains
Authors: Parker Mike
Published: July 2011

In April 2011, a major paper in Gut analysed data from the National Cancer Intelligence Network (NCIN) and was able to provide for the first time risk-adjusted unit-level mortality rates for colorectal cancer surgery. This breakthrough study identified several outlying units – one of which (The Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust) was found to be doing significantly better than expected. Mike Parker, President of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, visited the trust to try to learn the secrets of their success.
A report from the ASiT conference
Authors: Fitzgerald ED
Published: July 2011

The 2011 Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) conference in April saw nearly 500 delegates attending from across the UK and Ireland. The opportunity to meet and socialise with other surgical trainees, attend clinical updates and trainee prize presentations, and question royal college presidents and surgical leaders was not to be missed.
Time's up
Authors: Black John
Published: July 2011

The health bill is working its way through its pause and the numerous listening exercises. Reaction from surgeons was at first muted and I have received only two letters about it. This contrasts with the frequent ongoing concerns you express about working time restrictions, pressure to change job plans and attempts to stop 'procedures of limited clinical value'.
Follicular thyroid neoplasms can be classified as low- and high-risk according to HBME-1 and Galectin-3 expression on liquid-based fine-needle cytology
Authors: Fadda Guido , Rossi Esther Diana , Raffaelli Marco , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Sioletic Stefano , Morassi Francesca , Lombardi Celestino Pio , Zannoni Gian Franco , Rindi Guido
Published: July 2011

Design

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the most reliable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. A cytologic diagnosis of follicular neoplasm with atypical cells of undetermined significance (FN/AUS) implies that the selection of patients between surgery and follow-up is difficult. In this setting immunocytochemical stainings might be helpful. The efficacy of a panel made up of HBME-1 and Galectin-3 antibodies is evaluated in cases processed by liquid-based cytology (LBC).

Methods

Out of 7091 thyroid FNAB processed by LBC method, 120 cases undergoing surgery successively were selected. These cases were classified as benign lesion (BL, eight cases), FN, including the ACUS category of the Bethesda classification (FN/AUS, 50 cases), suspicious for malignancy (SM, 59 cases), and malignant neoplasm (MN, three cases). Immunostains for HBME-1 and Galectin-3 were carried out on the LBC slides.

Results

All MN and BL were histologically confirmed. FN/AUS and SM showed a malignancy risk of 24 and 72.9% respectively. The complete immunocytochemical panel was positive in 83.3% of the cases resulting in malignancy and negative in 87.5% of cases resulting in benign histology. Among the FN/AUS, the complete positive immunocytochemical panel was detected in 76.9% of cases resulting as malignant and the complete negative immunocytochemical panel was observed in 96.8% of cases resulting as benign at histology.

Conclusions

The expression of HBME-1 and Galectin-3 in cases classified as FN/AUS on LBC-processed FNABs can effectively distinguish lesions, which need immediate surgery (high risk or FNH or Thy 3h) from those which can be followed-up (low risk or FNL or Thy 3l).
Long-acting pegylated human GH in children with GH deficiency: a single-dose, dose-escalation trial investigating safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Authors: de Schepper Jean , Rasmussen Michael Højby , Gucev Zoran , Eliakim Alon , Battelino Tadej
Published: July 2011

Objective

GH replacement therapy currently requires daily injections, which may be inconvenient and distressing for young patients. This study determined the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of escalating single doses of a pegylated GH (NNC126-0083) developed for once-weekly administration, in children with GH deficiency (GHD).

Design and methods

Thirty children (age ≥6 and ≤12 years, weight ≥16 kg) were randomised to NNC126-0083 or daily GH treatment. The subjects discontinued their daily GH treatment 7–9 days before receiving NNC126-0083 at 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 or 0.06 mg protein/kg (n=22) or seven once-daily doses of GH at 0.035 mg protein/kg (n=8).

Results

NNC126-0083 was well tolerated, and no short-term safety or local tolerability issues were identified. After NNC126-0083 treatment, dose-dependent IGF1 increases were evident for maximum concentration (Cmax), but not area under the curve (AUC0–168 h). Mean values for IGF1 AUC0–168 h/168 h and Cmax were higher for GH than for NNC126-0083, although the difference was not statistically significant for cohort's 0.06 mg protein/kg. At 0.06 mg protein/kg, the resulting IGF1 response began subsiding at ∼3 days post-dose.

Conclusion

Single doses of long-acting NNC126-0083 were safe and well tolerated in children with GHD. Increased IGF1 levels were observed in all NNC126-0083 dose groups; however, a satisfactory once-weekly IGF1 profile was not reached within the NNC126-0083 dose levels administered.
Lamb Ex Vivo Model for Training in Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Surgery: A Comparative Study With Human Standards
Authors: López‐Niño Javier , García‐Caballero Lucía , González‐Mosquera Antonio , Seoane‐Romero Juan , Varela‐Centelles Pablo , Seoane Juan
Published: July 2011

Background: Many models have been suggested for surgical training in sinus floor elevation (SFE), but information on key features that provide feedback to the trainee is scarce. The aim of this study is to compare the thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus (TLWMS) and the thickness of the Schneiderian membrane (TSM) between an animal model and the human standard.

Methods: The observational study used 20 fresh lamb heads. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CT) was performed for recording the following: TLWMS, sinus lateral floor width, distance from the lateral border of the anteroposterior bone crest to the sinus wall, and height of lateral maxillary sinus. Thirty human radiologic exploration cone‐beam CTs were used for comparisons. The sinus membrane thickness was measured at three points per section and compared to those of 10 formalin‐preserved human membranes.

Results: TLWMS in the animal model scored 2.25 ± 0.3 mm and was thicker than that of humans with subsinusal edentulism (Xi − Xj = 0.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 0.4), although this difference was not considered clinically relevant. The average thickness of the sinus membrane was 485.5 ± 137.1 μm with no significant differences between sides (P = 0.12) or between the thickness of human and lamb Schneiderian membranes.

Conclusions: The model based on lambs is potentially useful for training in SFE techniques because of the similarities in the TLWMS and particularly the TSM. Additional studies are needed to validate this model within a teaching environment.
Treatment of Gingival Recession Defects Using Coronally Advanced Flap With a Porcine Collagen Matrix Compared to Coronally Advanced Flap With Connective Tissue Graft: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Cardaropoli Daniele , Tamagnone Lorenzo , Roffredo Alessandro , Gaveglio Lorena
Published: July 2011

Background: Connective tissue graft (CTG) plus coronally advanced flap (CAF) is the reference therapy for root coverage. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the use of a porcine collagen matrix (PCM) plus CAF as an alternative to CTG+CAF for the treatment of gingival recessions (REC), in a prospective randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Methods: Eighteen adult patients participated in this study. The patients presented 22 single Miller's Class I or II REC, randomly assigned to the test (PCM+CAF) or control (CTG+CAF) group. REC, probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), and width of keratinized tissue (KG) were evaluated at 12 months. In addition, the gingival thickness (GT) was measured 1mm apical to the bottom of the sulcus.

Results: At 12 months, mean REC was 0.23 mm for test sites and 0.09 mm for control sites (P <0.01), whereas percentage of root coverage was 94.32% and 96.97%, respectively. CAL gain was 2.41 mm in test sites and 2.95 mm in control sites (P <0.01). KG gain was 1.23 mm in the test group and 1.27 mm in the control group (P <0.01). In test sites, GT changed from 0.82 to 1.82 mm, and in control sites, from 0.86 to 2.09 mm (P <0.01).

Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, both treatment procedures resulted in significant reduction in REC at 12 months. No statistically significant differences were found between PCM+CAF and CTG+CAF with regard to any clinical parameter. The collagen matrix represents a possible alternative to CTG.
Optimization of Operating Parameters of Intermittent Aeration‐Type Activated Sludge Process for Nitrogen Removal: A Simulation‐Based Approach
Authors: Dey Ayanangshu , Truax Dennis D. , Magbanua Benjamin S.
Published: July 2011

Biological nitrogen removal is becoming a proven approach to reducing the total nitrogen discharged from wastewater treatment facilities. Simulation performed with intermittent aeration‐type activated sludge process using Activated Sludge Model No. 1 predicted that up to 90% total nitrogen removal could be attained when the total cycle time and its anoxic phase were balanced adequately. This control limits electron donor and acceptor levels—ammonia‐nitrogen (NH4+‐N) in the aerobic phase and nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3−‐N) in the anoxic phase. Specifically, maximum nitrogen removal appears to be achieved with a 2‐ to 3‐hour cycle time, during which, anoxic conditions were present for 40 to 50% of the time. A 10‐ to 16‐hour hydraulic retention time appears adequate to achieve these results. The solids retention time studied was between 15 and 25 days, as this range was deemed sufficient to establish the nitrifying organism population in most applications. Predictions indicate that the conventional activated sludge system can be retrofitted for better nitrogen management at the treatment plants.
Comparative Investigation of Parameters for Determining the Dewaterability of Activated Sludge
Authors: Peng Ge , Ye Fenxia , Li Ying
Published: July 2011

This paper compared four parameters evaluating the dewaterability of sludge—capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), bound water content, and dry solids content in the centrifuged sludge cake of the different sludge flocs from seven full‐scale wastewater treatment plants. The dry solids content correlated with the normalized CST (R2 = 0.7112, p = 0.003), SRF (R2 = 0.6043, p = 0.011), and the bound water content (R2 = 0.8106, p = 0.001). The normalized CST was correlated significantly with SRF (R2 = 0.9450, p = 0.000) and correlated with the bound water (R2 = 0.5110, p = 0.0417). However, SRF correlated very weakly with the bound water (R2 = 0.3929, p = 0.0448). It is not necessary to use both CST and SRF at the same time to estimate the sludge dewaterability. The normalized CST is feasible because of its affordability, simple equipment, and measurement procedure. However, another parameter indicating the dewatering extent, such as dry solids content in sludge cake, should be applied together to evaluate the dewatering efficiency of the activated sludge.
Effect of Feeding Strategy on the Performance of Sequencing Batch Reactor with Dual Anoxic Feedings for Swine Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Han Zhiying , Zhu Jun , Ding Ying , Wu Weixiang , Chen Yingxu , Zhang Rui , Wang Liang
Published: July 2011

Two feeding ratios, 3:1 (RUN I) and 2:1 (RUN II), were experimented to investigate their effect on removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, and on the trends of oxidization‐reduction potential (ORP) and pH in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with dual anoxic feedings of swine wastewater. Results showed for both runs, the feeding ratio had a more significant effect on the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen than on COD in the operating cycle. As compared to RUN I, the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus was enhanced in RUN II. In addition, the optimal feeding ratio greater than 1:1 for SBR with dual anoxic feedings can be determined with reference to the decreasing range of ORP following the primary feeding, and the denitrification‐associated ORP bending point in the second non‐aeration phase.
Migration of Firms, Home Bias and Economic Growth
Authors: Aharonovitz Gilad D.
Published: July 2011

This study analyzes the effects of government policies on the short-run and long-run movement of locally owned firms from a developed country to a less-developed country and on the output and growth rate of each country in the presence of home bias, a preference of firms and investors to operate in their home countries. The analysis uses a model which was developed for this purpose, in which growth is stemming from the increase in the number of firms. The study finds that for the less-developed country, harsh policy towards entering firms, such as taxing them in the form of requiring firms to grant partial ownership to local agents, results in better long-run economic performance, compared to free entry or subsidizing these firms, in addition to the harsh policy being less costly.
Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade? Revisited
Authors: Kim Myeong Hwan
Published: July 2011

In this study, we revisit a recent study that examined the role of GATT/WTO membership on trade flows. With this aim, we re-examine Rose (2004a)’s study and extend the data until 2007. Furthermore, we alternatively estimate the role of the organization, GATT/WTO, on trade by including more control variables that are believed to influence bilateral trade such as a defense pact (military alliance), military disputes, joint democracy and policy similarity. Empirical results clearly demonstrate that GATT/WTO membership does have a significant positive effect on trade.
Global Finance after the Crisis: Reform Imperatives and Vested Interests
Authors: Naude Wim
Published: July 2011

The global financial crisis of 2008-09 has stimulated a number of re-assessments of global development. But after two years, not much progress has been made in dealing with the deep causes of the crisis. While it is better understood now why the crisis occurred, more progress is needed in terms of financial reform on the global level in order to prevent future financial crises. A remaining challenge is to strengthen the global financial architecture (GFA). This paper focuses on the GFA and its relationship to the global financial crisis. Recent reform initiatives are discussed. Strong resistance against re-regulation of the financial sector is noted, reflecting the general opposition of vested interests to GFA reform.
Does One Charitable Contribution Come at the Expense of Another?
Authors: Reinstein David A
Published: July 2011

This paper defines, discusses, and measures “expenditure substitution” in charitable giving. Motivated by a model of conditional demand, I consider the extent to which a “temporary shock” that increases an individual's donation to one cause by a particular amount displaces her gifts to other charitable causes. I use the 2001-2007 waves of the PSID/COPPS, the first data set of its kind, to identify this. Households that give more to one type of charity tend to give more to others. However, many of the correlations between the residuals after fixed-effects regressions are negative and significant, particularly for larger donors and for certain categories of charitable giving. Given plausible econometric assumptions, the negative correlations are strong evidence of expenditure substitution. Overall, these results suggest heterogeneous motivations for giving: small givers may be mainly driven by temporary shocks and personal appeals while larger givers may have concave multi-charity warm-glow preferences.
Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and a Global Economic Crisis
Authors: Gries Thomas , Naude Wim
Published: July 2011

Building on a Lewis-type model of structural change and entrepreneurship we illustrate how a global economic crisis consisting of a financial and a trade shock can undermine structural change in developing countries via the start-up and innovation activities of entrepreneurs. The model analytics identifies a number of challenges for structural change in a post-crisis world, including dealing with greater bank concentration, higher costs of bank monitoring and stricter regulations and collateral requirements, flights-to-safety in global finance and reduced incentives for innovation and job-creating start-up activities.
Strongly concave functions on root systems
Authors: Courtès François
Published: July 2011

Let F be a local complete field with discrete valuation, and let G be the group of F-points of a quasisplit group over F. Let ℬ be the Bruhat-Tits building of G and let A be an apartment of ℬ; we establish a link between bounded closed subsets of A and a special kind of functions on the relative root system Φ of G, which will be called strongly concave functions. This paper is devoted to the study of such functions.
A relation of weak majorization and its applications to certain inequalities for means
Authors: Wu Shan-He , Shi Huan-Nan
Published: July 2011

A relation of weak majorization for n-dimensional real vectors is established, the result is then used to derive some inequalities involving the power mean, the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean in n variables.
First order absolute moment of Meyer-König and Zeller operators and their approximation for some absolutely continuous functions
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Ming , Cheng Fuhua
Published: July 2011

A sharp estimate is given for the first order absolute moment of Meyer-König and Zeller operators M
n. This estimate is then used to prove convergence of approximation of a class of absolutely continuous functions by the operators M
n. The condition considered here is weaker than the condition considered in a previous paper and the rate of convergence we obtain is asymptotically the best possible.
On size-biased Consul distribution
Authors: Mir Khurshid
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a size-biased Consul distribution (SBCOND) is defined. Recurrence relations for central moments and the moments about origin are obtained. Different estimation methods for the parameters of the model are discussed. A comparative analysis is done among the three different estimation methods and the proposed model is compared with the generalized logarithmic series distribution (GLSD) and simple Consul distribution.
On primitive for the GAP-integral
Authors: Ganguly D. , Mukherjee Ranu
Published: July 2011

The concept of the GAP-integral was introduced by the authors. In this paper some results on primitive for the GAP-integral are presented.
Volume Density and Longitudinal Wave Velocity Changes of the Ciezkowice and Krosno Flysch Sandstones under High Pressure and Temperature in the Triaxial Test Condition / Zmiany Gestosci Objetosciowej I Predkosci Fali Podłuznej Skał Fliszowych: Piaskowców Ciezkowickich I Krosnienskich Pod Wpływem Wysokiego Cisnienia I Temperatury W Warunkach Trójosiowego Sciskania
Authors: Pinińska J. , Dziedzic A.
Published: July 2011

The poorly cemented Ciężkowice poorly sorted sandstone and the compact Mucharz fine grain sandstone have been laboratory tested at the triaxial compressing conditions in thermo-pressurized chamber of a rigid press MTS-815. The confining pressure: P = σ2 = gσ3 range from 0 to 96 MPa and the temperature: T from 22°C to 120°C (simulated 500 m intervals from the surface to the depth of 3500 m). During (the) each test, the characteristics of deformation and the elastic wave velocity paths were simultaneously monitored. The volume density and longitudinal wave velocity showed a non-linear increase with the progress of simulated depth, a volume density growth by 1.6 to 4.0%, and the elastic wave velocity up to 250% of the primary value (surface condition), dependable on loading path, phase of deformation, and varying type of lithology. That may lead to wide error margin in a determination of rock’s engineering properties and also create discrepancies between the static parameters of rocks (Est ,gνst ) determined by standard laboratory load tests, and the dynamic parameters (Ed, νd ) determined from the wave velocity and volume density
Codes of Ethics and Codes of Conduct for Using ICT in Education
Authors: Pivec Franci
Published: July 2011

Codes of Ethics and Codes of Conduct for Using ICT in Education

Codes of conduct and codes of ethics are a way of ensuring that positive impact in the community prevails. Tertiary education environments that have standardised ICT management show higher quality of performance if compared to those that have not yet standardised it. Moreover, characteristic of these environments is their strong willingness for change. University is a place of scientific communication and, thus, ICT and especially the Internet represent the entry point into a new developmental phase to which the best universities are strongly dedicated. In this way, ethics returns to the core of the mission undertaken by higher education institutions. Many countries around the world are adopting National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) that have been developed and are continuously updated within the ISTE Association and at the same time represent a code of conduct for students, faculty teachers, administrators and all others involved in high-quality study. Those standards must be supported by codes of ethics as they depend on the compliance with the relevant moral values.
Model Reference Adaptive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Tárník Marián , Murgaš Ján
Published: July 2011

Model Reference Adaptive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

In this paper the classical theory of the direct Model Reference Adaptive Control is used to develop a control algorithm for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). A PMSM model widely used in electric drives community is considered as base for control system development. Conventionally used controllers are replaced by adaptive ones. The resulting control system adapts to changes in any of PMSM parameters.
Hybrid PID Control Algorithms for Nonlinear Process Control
Authors: Taneva Albena , Petrov Michail , Ganchev Ivan
Published: July 2011

Hybrid PID Control Algorithms for Nonlinear Process Control

This paper presents modifications of the classical PID control algorithm, implemented by an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Architecture (ANFA). The main goal here is to design a fuzzy PID controller with a flexible structure, adaptive tuning of its parameters and algorithm modifications, which leads to improvement of the system performance. Thus the controlling process and system are prevented from the undesired and non expected changes of the system input signals. The antecedent part of the applied fuzzy rules contains a linear function, similar to the modified discrete equation of the corresponding conventional PID controller. The simulations demonstrate satisfactory results of these performances and implementations applied to a nonlinear plant.
One Unequal Error Control Method for Telemetric Data Transmission
Authors: Hirner Tomáš , Farkaš Peter , Krile Srečko
Published: July 2011

One Unequal Error Control Method for Telemetric Data Transmission

In wireless sensor networks (WSN) it is necessary to use very simple codes for transmission of information since the nodes in these networks have usually only limited energy available not only for transmission but also for processing. On the other hand, common codes do not usually take into account the fact that in case of telemetric information the weights of individual orders are not equal and errors in different orders cause different deviations from correct value. In this contribution, new very simple codes for transmission of telemetric information on WSN will be presented, which take into account the above-mentioned requirements. Resulting square deviation will be used as a quality evaluation criterion.
Using Reduced Interference Distribution to Analyze Abnormal Cardiac Signal
Authors: Mousa Allam , Saleem Rashid
Published: July 2011

Using Reduced Interference Distribution to Analyze Abnormal Cardiac Signal

Due to the non-stationary, multicomponent nature of biomedical signals, the use of time-frequency analysis can be inevitable for these signals. The choice and selection of the proper Time-Frequency Distribution (TFD) that can reveal the exact multicomponent structure of biological signals is vital in many applications, including the diagnosis of medical abnormalities. In this paper, the instantaneous frequency techniques using two distribution functions are applied for analysis of biological signals. These distributions are the Wigner-Ville Distribution and the Bessel Distribution. The simulation performed on normaland abnormal cardiac signals show that the Bessel Distribution can clearly detect the QRS complexes. However, Wigner-Ville Distribution was able to detect the QRS complexes in the normal signa, but fails to detect these complexes in the abnormal cardiac signal.
Anthropologists and the Challenges of Modernity
Authors: Demossier Marion
Published: July 2011

The article examines developments and challenges faced by both anthropologists and rural communities since the 1960s. It argues that a shift in methodological and thematic terms has occurred, raising a number of issues for the establishment of a research agenda on the anthropology of Europe. The most important shift concerns the recon figuration of rural Europe, from the farm or village to more 'complex' social settings in which the presence of the state, bureaucracies, new social actors and markets are integrated into local phenomena. Attached to this rescaling is the issue of how anthropologists define their fieldwork and the objects of their study. Finally, heritage and conservation, which are at the heart of the process of a European core identity and of a European rural imaginary, provide a new critical framework to think about the connection between local concerns and global changes.
A Bragg Wavelength-Insensitive Fiber Bragg Grating Ultrasound Sensing System that Uses a Broadband Light and No Optical Filter
Authors: Tsuda Hiroshi
Published: July 2011

An optical filter is incorporated in a conventional ultrasound detection system that uses a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and broadband light source, to demodulate the FBG sensor signal. A novel ultrasound sensing system that does not require an optical filter is presented herein. Ultrasound could be detected via the application of signal processing techniques, such as signal averaging and frequency filters, to the photodetector output that corresponds to the intensity of the reflected light from a broadband light-illuminated FBG. Ultrasonic sensitivity was observed to be enhanced when an FBG was installed as a resonant sensor. This FBG ultrasound detection system is small and cheap to fabricate because it does not use a demodulating optical filter. The experimental results demonstrate that this system could be applied to ultrasonic damage inspection and acoustic emission measurements. Furthermore, this system was able to detect ultrasound despite the amount of strain or temperature that was applied to the FBG sensor because the ultrasound detection was not sensitive to the Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensor.
Les Eupatrides d'Athènes, « nobles défenseurs de leur patrie »
Authors: Duplouy Alain
Published: July 2011

Eupatridai have often been conceived as a gentilician group, whether as the whole Athenian nobility or as a cast-like genos. However, close examination of all occurrences shows that the word does not appear before the end of the 6th century and that 95 % of them actually come from much later litterature. Moreover, the first occurrences clearly indicate that besides the praise of fathers there is also a clear anti-tyrannical connotation implying the preservation of the patris. Indeed, all individually known Eupatridai of the 5th and 4th centuries have ancestors involved in the strike against Peisistratos. Classical theatre and political thought explain how this concept evolved to a generic nobility wiping out its contextual political meaning.
Un cas peu connu de traduction du grec en latin : l'« Asclepius » du Corpus Hermeticum
Authors: Rochette Bruno
Published: July 2011

This paper presents an analysis of one of the numerous translations from Greek into Latin produced in the Late Antiquity : the latin translation of the treatise known as Asclepius and integrated in the Corpus Hermeticum. The greek original is lost. We know it only partly from quotations by the Fathers of the Church and, for the final prayer, from a magical papyrus. A systematic collation, where it is possible, between the translation and the source-text shows that the translation is more than a translation ad uerbum. Specific attention will be paid to features as words or sentences added or deleted. As far as we can judge, the original has been revised and reorganised with a new purpose adapted to a new audience, probably an African one, in the last years of the fourth or in the beginning of the fifth century AD. Broadly speaking, the translation gives a more personal character to the hermetic thought.
Formes et enjeux de la gestion quotidienne du territoire urbain dans la cité tardive
Authors: Dubouloz Julien
Published: July 2011

This paper deals with the daily administration of public space in the cities of the Roman West, around the beginning of the 5th century AD. I argue from the interpretation of four constitutions (C. Th., 15, 1, 33, of 395 ; C. Th., 10, 3, 5, of 400 ; C. Th., 15, 1, 41, of 401 and C. Th., 15, 1, 43, of 405) that the central administration shows a certain respect of the prerogatives of the cities in the use of the locapublica, though at the same time these cities do not control anymore allotment of the incomes from their public property. Furthermore, the State becomes the referee of contests for the use and the appopriation of public space, in particular against the intrigues of the potentiores who do not belong to the public body.
Terre di pertinenza di colonie e municipi fuori del loro territorio : gestione e risorse
Authors: Biundo Raffaella
Published: July 2011

This paper discusses agrarian properties of coloniae and municipia of the Roman world outside of the pertica of the cities. Some literary, epigraphic and juridical sources, here analysed, refers to agri ex alienis territoriis sumpti of Italian cities. However these lands are not only outside of the territory of a city itself, but even in a province. This paper aims to define the juridical nature of this kind of property. It focuses specifically on the administration of these lands and the revenue produced for cities owning and exploiting them.
L'attività dell'ordo decurionum nelle città della Campania dalla documentazione epigrafica
Authors: Camodeca Giuseppe
Published: July 2011

The article deals with the activities of the ordo decurionum in the Campania cities as learned from epigraphic evidence. It is clear however that these activities appear from inscriptions in a misleading and partial way, if we compare them with legal texts and municipal laws. Nevertheless a diligent scrutiny of the vast amount of epigraphic evidence available is surely of great utility, as it has given us further details that would otherwise have been left unknown. In this respect the archives of the Tabulae ceratae Herculanenses are of particular importance.
I decreti decurionali di Brindisi
Authors: Silvestrini Marina
Published: July 2011

We have analysed three decrees of the Brundisium decurions, known from epigraphic copies : NSA, 1910, 146-147 ; CIL, IX, 47 e CIL, I2, 3173. The first two texts are decrees for young members of important families of the town. We have collated the manuscript of the 16th century, on which the edition of CIL, IX, 47 is based. In this way we have added to this text two more lines, previously published in CIL as an autonomous epigraph (CIL, IX, 187). The third decree belongs to the late republican period. It is handed down by a composite inscription containing name and cursus honorum of the late magistrate, followed by the honorary decree concerning this personage and another person, both alive when the honour was conferred.
La formula d(ecreto) d(ecurionum) attestata epigraficamente in alcune città della Apulia et Calabria
Authors: Chelotti Marcella
Published: July 2011

The formula d(ecreto) d(ecurionum) and her extension, stated in the inscriptions of Aedanum, Brundisium, Compsa, Tarentum and Venusta in the regio secunda Augustea, is examined for drawing a picture of the daily political practice of decuriones. In this context, two brick-stamps of a magistrate are also proposed. The bricks have been found in territorium of Teanum Apulutn, in the North of Apulia, and they are dated in late republican period.
Lieux de mémoire en Lycie
Authors: Le Roy Christian
Published: July 2011

Starting from the concepts of «memory of the invisible» and of «history-making memory», as they have been recently elaborated by J.-P. Vernant, from the concept of «places of memory» as described by P. Nora, and finally from the works of G. Dumézil and M. Halbwachs, it is shown that the civilization of Lycia (South-West Anatolia) has consciously built up, in the classical and hellenistic periods (5th-2nd century B. C.) a system of mythical traditions and cult space organization that have contributed, in the middle of extended hellenic influence, to the preservation of its Anatolian identity. Moreover, one has tried to describe the instruments (pre-achaemenid myths, Homeric epic poetry) and the visible signs (ancient cult monuments inserted in Greek buildings) that were used to this aim. The synthesis, that succeeded for a time, of Anatolian tradition and hellenism is the key of Lycian originality.
Notes d’épigraphie 7-8
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: July 2011

Les inscriptions de Saint-Jean-de-Garguier (territoire d’Arles; CIL, XII, 594 et 595) proviennent d’une résidence rurale. Dans la première, les habitants de ce secteur rural ont voulu marquer avec solennité l’élévation comme sévir augustal de Q(uintus) Cornelius Zosimus (ob honorem). Ils rappellent ses interventions pour faire respecter leurs privilèges au coeur de la cité: la gratuité de l’accès au bain et aux distributions d’huile dans certaines occasions. À la l. 12, le mot oleo doit être restitué. La révision de CIL, XII, 701 permet de restituer (l. 6-7) le nom des [ Sexta] ni Arelatenses [ muni] cipes, qui rappelle l’origine militaire des fondateurs de la colonie. Ici, comme dans d’autres colonies romaines, ce rappel permet d’établir une distinction parmi les cités de la province. Mais durant plusieurs générations, aux débuts du Principat, la conscience des origines fut un facteur structurant des comportements sociaux.
Collegius Agellanus : désignation collégiale et espace communautaire sur une épitaphe de l’Ager Æquiculorum
Authors: Tran Nicolas
Published: July 2011

An epitaph from the ager Aequiculorum (CIL, X, 4129), probably incised during the 2nd century A. D., mentions a deceased slave, Ianuarius, and his two parents, Helius and Legas. These parents have organised the funeral of their son with a collegium funeraticium, named collegius agellanus.

Several commentators have argued that the unicum agellanus refers to an agrarian or servile structure, an interpretation which seems doubtful. The collegium from the ager Aequiculorum

was more likely to be the owner of a little piece of land, used for funerary and convivial activities. Indeed, the epigraphic descriptions of both funerary gardens and collegial spaces present great similarity with the landscape where the collegiati of the ager Aequiculorum could have taken place.
Loi et société : la singularité des lois somptuaires de Rome
Authors: Coudry Marianne
Published: July 2011

Cette étude s’efforce de montrer que les listes de lois somptuaires républicaines figurant chez Aulu-Gelle et Macrobe dérivent d’une liste unique constituée par le juriste Ateius Capito sous le règne de Tibère, dans l’intention de justifier le renoncement du prince à légiférer en matière de luxe. Une telle décision représentait le point d’aboutissement d’un long processus qui singularise la législation somptuaire: le heurt entre le développement du luxe, qui suscite un refus croissant des lois, et le renforcement constant de leur dispositif. Ce divorce entre loi et société a fini par subvertir les fondements théoriques traditionnels de la législation sur les moeurs; c’est dans un tel contexte que s’est fait sentir la nécessité de récapituler cette longue série de lois.
Quelques officiales, entre Lyon et Rome
Authors: Bérard François
Published: July 2011

A new examination of two frumentarii careers, usually assigned to the Gallia Lugdunensis

governor’s officium. But their title of frumentarius Aug(usti) rather suggests to report them to the

numerus frumentariorum quartered in Rome, in the Caelius castra peregrina: Aur(elius) Secundinius Donatus, who became later commentariensis in Lyon (CIL, XIII, 1771), and Victorius Sabinus, detached in the province of Thracia, where his epitaph has been found (IGRR, III, 80 = ILS,

9476 = M. H. Sayar, Perinthos-Herakleia, 80).
Notes d’épigraphie 9-10
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: July 2011

La correspondance de l’érudit Jean Bouhier (1673-1746) contient une inscription inédite de la cité de Nîmes, l’épitaphe de Sollia Sex(ti) fil(ia) Materna. La relecture d’une inscription de Narbonne (CIL, XII, 5968) met en évidence M(arcus) Iulius Capito, originaire de la colonie de Fréjus (Foroiuliensis).
Remarques sur les intérêts patrimoniaux de l’élite romaine
Authors: Andreau Jean
Published: July 2011

Les intérêts économiques des membres de l’élite romaine (sénateurs, chevaliers et une partie des élites municipales) et la manière dont ils géraient leur patrimoine ont fait l’objet de nom- breux débats depuis une trentaine d’années. Après avoir critiqué certains aspects de ces débats et avoir indiqué quelques précautions méthodologiques qui lui paraissent s’imposer, Jean Andreau s’interroge sur la définition de l’élite et fait des remarques sur les divers secteurs d’activité non agricoles. Il souligne que les intérêts des membres de l’élite différaient d’un secteur à l’autre mais étaient importants dans certains d’entre eux, et que leurs interventions pouvaient prendre diverses formes, qui signifiaient un engagement entrepreneurial plus ou moins marqué.
Les patrimoines des sénateurs hispaniques sous le Haut-Empire : l’apport de l’épigraphie des amphores
Authors: Des Boscs-Plateaux Françoise
Published: July 2011

Dans la présente étude, nous dressons le bilan de notre connaissance des patrimoines des sénateurs d’origine hispanique de l’époque augustéenne jusqu’au milieu du IIIe siècle apr. J.-C.. Outre l’analyse de la localisation de leurs biens-fonds, l’accent est mis particulièrement sur l’apport de l’épigraphie des amphores Dressel 20, mais aussi des amphores pour les salaisons de poisson, à notre appréhension de l’implication des familles sénatoriales dans les secteurs dynamiques de l’économie régionale, l’oléiculture et les activités de transformation du poisson. L’enquête fait ressortir qu’un certain nombre de familles de la Bétique avaient investi dans l’oléiculture, mais parfois aussi des familles originaires du sud de la Lusitanie. D’autres se sont enrichies grâce à la production des amphores ou à la commercialisation des produits dérivés du poisson. Elle met à jour aussi à partir du deuxième tiers du IIe siècle un phénomène de concentration verticale des activités liées à l’olive dans les mains de très puissantes familles.