bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of heat stress on embryonic development during first 16 days of gestation in dairy cows
Authors: Kasimanickam Ramanathan , Kasimanickam Vanmathy
Published: July 2021

Objective was to elucidate the effects of heat stress (HS) on embryo development during first 16 gestational days (GD) and circulating hormone concentrations on GD-16 in lactating Holstein cows. Cows in HS and control (CON) groups were exposed to temperature humidity index (THI) of ≥ 73 and < 73, respectively, for 3 weeks before the experiment. GD-7 (67 vs 49%) and GD-16 (52 vs. 31%) conception rates following single insemination were greater (P < 0.01) for CON compared with HS cows. Control cows produced more GD-7 transferrable embryos following superovulation compared with HS cows (84.8 vs 53.1%; P < 0.001). Mean (± SEM) length (45.2 ± 10.6 vs. 59.2 ± 9.1 mm) and weight (31.4 ± 4.3 vs. 42.4 ± 6.2 mg) of GD-16 conceptus were greater for CON compared with HS cows (P < 0.05). Control cows yielded more filamentous conceptus (≥ 25 mm) compared with HS cows (71 vs 45%; P < 0.05). Progesterone (2.09-fold) was higher, and cortisol (1.86-fold), prolactin (1.60-fold), substance-P (1.55-fold), Isoprostane-8 (1.34-fold) and prostaglandin F metabolites (1.97-fold) were lower in CON compared with HS cows (P < 0.05). Progesterone positively, and substance-P, isoprostane-8 and the THI negatively were associated with GD-16 conceptus length (P < 0.05). In conclusion, altered hormones concentrations in heat-stressed cows plausibly resulted in lower GD-7 and GD-16 conception rates, fewer GD-7 transferable embryos, and stunted GD-16 conceptus elongation.
Range of motion of resistance exercise affects the number of performed repetitions but not a time under tension
Authors: Krzysztofik Michał , Matykiewicz Patryk , Filip-Stachnik Aleksandra , Humińska-Lisowska Kinga , Rzeszutko-Bełzowska Agata , Wilk Michał
Published: July 2021

The resistance training volume along with the exercise range of motion has a significant impact on the training outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine differences in training volume assessed by a number of performed repetitions, time under tension, and load–displacement as well as peak barbell velocity between the cambered and standard barbell bench press training session. The participants performed 3 sets to muscular failure of bench press exercise with the cambered or standard barbell at 50% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Eighteen healthy men volunteered for the study (age = 25 ± 2 years; body mass = 92.1 ± 9.9 kg; experience in resistance training 7.3 ± 2.1 years; standard and cambered barbell bench press 1RM > 120% body mass). The t-test indicated a significantly higher mean range of motion for the cambered barbell in comparison to the standard (p < 0.0001; ES =  −2.24). Moreover, there was a significantly greater number of performed repetitions during the standard barbell bench press than cambered barbell (p < 0.0001) in a whole training session, while no difference was found in total time under tension (p = 0.22) and total load–displacement (p = 0.913). The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a significant barbell × set interaction effect for peak velocity (p = 0.01) and a number of repetitions (p = 0.015). The post-hoc analysis showed a significantly higher number of repetitions for standard than cambered barbell bench press in set 1 (p < 0.0001), set 3 (p < 0.0001) but not in set 2 (p = 0.066). Moreover, there was a significantly higher peak velocity during the cambered than standard barbell bench press in set 1 (p < 0.0001), and set 2 (p = 0.049), but not in set 3 (p = 0.063). No significant differences between corresponding sets of the standard and cambered barbell bench press in time under tension and load–displacement were found. However, concentric time under tension was significantly higher during cambered barbell bench press in all sets (p < 0.05) when compared to the standard barbell bench press, while eccentric time under tension was significantly lower during the cambered than standard barbell bench presses only in the set 3 (p = 0.001). In summary, this study briefly showed that measuring training volume by the number of performed repetitions is not reliable when different exercise range of motion is used.
Retrospective study of glycemic variability, BMI, and blood pressure in diabetes patients in the Digital Twin Precision Treatment Program
Authors: Shamanna Paramesh , Dharmalingam Mala , Sahay Rakesh , Mohammed Jahangir , Mohamed Maluk , Poon Terrence , Kleinman Nathan , Thajudeen Mohamed
Published: July 2021

The objective of this retrospective observational cohort study was to measure glycemic variability and reductions in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and use of antihypertensive medications in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients participating in the digital twin-enabled Twin Precision Treatment (TPT) Program. Study participants included 19 females and 45 males with T2D who chose to participate in the TPT Program and adhered to program protocols. Nine additional enrollees were excluded due to major program non-adherence. Enrollees were required to have adequate hepatic and renal function, no myocardial infarction, stroke, or angina ≤ 90 days before enrollment, and no history of ketoacidosis or major psychiatric disorders. The TPT program uses Digital Twin technology, machine learning algorithms, and precision nutrition to aid treatment of patients with T2D. Each study participant had ≥ 3 months of follow-up. Outcome measures included glucose percentage coefficient of variation (%CV), low blood glucose index (LBGI), high blood glucose index (HBGI), systolic and diastolic BP, number of antihypertensive medications, and BMI. Sixty-four patients participated in the program. Mean (± standard deviation) %CV, LBGI, and HBGI values were low (17.34 ± 4.35, 1.37 ± 1.37, and 2.13 ± 2.79, respectively) throughout the 90-day program. BMI decreased from 29.23 ± 5.83 at baseline to 27.43 ± 5.25 kg/m2. Systolic BP fell from 134.72 ± 17.73 to 124.58 ± 11.62 mm Hg. Diastolic BP decreased from 83.95 ± 10.20 to 80.33 ± 7.04 mm Hg. The percent of patients taking antihypertensive medications decreased from 35.9% at baseline to 4.7% at 90 days. During 90 days of the TPT Program, patients achieved low glycemic variability and significant reductions in BMI and BP. Antihypertensive medication use was eliminated in nearly all patients. Future research will focus on randomized case–control comparisons.
Understanding of remora's “hitchhiking” behaviour from a hydrodynamic point of view
Authors: Xu Yunxin , Shi Weichao , Arredondo-Galeana Abel , Mei Lei , Demirel Yigit Kemal
Published: July 2021

Symbiotic relationships have developed through natural evolution. For example, that of the remora fish attached to the body of a shark. From the remora’s perspective, this could be associated to an increased hydrodynamic efficiency in swimming and this needs to be investigated. To understand the remora's swimming strategy in the attachment state, a systematic study has been conducted using the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, STAR-CCM + to analyse and compare the resistance characteristics of the remora in attached swimming conditions. Two fundamental questions are addressed: what is the effect of the developed boundary layer flow and the effect of the adverse pressure gradient on the remora’s hydrodynamic characteristics? According to the results, the resistance of the remora can generally be halved when attached. Besides, the results have also demonstrated that the drag reduction rate increases with the developed boundary layer thickness and can be estimated using the boundary layer thickness ratio and velocity deficit. The paper demonstrates that the most frequent attachment locations are also the areas that provide the maximum drag reduction rate.
Surface microstructures developed on polished quartz crystals embedded in wet quartz sand compacted under hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Schutjens Peter M. , Spiers Christopher J. , Rik Niemeijer André
Published: July 2021

Intergranular pressure solution plays a key role as a deformation mechanism during diagenesis and in fault sealing and healing. Here, we present microstructural observations following experiments conducted on quartz aggregates under conditions known to favor pressure solution. We conducted two long term experiments in which a quartz crystal with polished faces of known crystallographic orientation was embedded in a matrix of randomly oriented quartz sand grains. For about two months an effective axial stress of 15 MPa was applied in one experiment, and an effective confining pressure of 28 MPa in the second. Loading occurred at 350 °C in the presence of a silica-saturated aqueous solution. In the first experiment, quartz sand grains in contact with polished quartz prism ($$\overline10{1 }0$$

1
¯

010

) faces became ubiquitously truncated against these faces, without indenting or pitting them. By contrast, numerous sand-grain-shaped pits formed in polished pyramidal ($$17\overline{6 }3$$

17

6
¯

3

) and ($$\overline{4 }134$$

4
¯

134

) crystal faces in the second experiment. In addition, four-leaved and (in some cases) three-leafed clover-shaped zones of precipitation formed on these prism faces, in a consistent orientation and pattern around individual pits. The microstructures observed in both experiments were interpreted as evidence for the operation of intergranular pressure solution. The dependence of the observed indentation/truncation microstructures on crystal face orientation can be explained by crystallographic control of stress-induced quartz dissolution kinetics, in line with previously published experimental and petrographic data, or possibly by an effect of contact orientation on the stress-induced driving force for pressure solution. This should be investigated in future experiments, providing data and microstructures which enable further mechanism-based analysis of deformation by pressure solution and the effect of crystallographic control on its kinetics in quartz-rich sands and sandstones.
Kinetics and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a comparison of 3 different assays
Authors: Kahre Elisabeth , Galow Lukas , Unrath Manja , Haag Luise , Blankenburg Judith , Dalpke Alexander H. , Lück Christian , Berner Reinhard , Armann Jakob P.
Published: July 2021

Comparing seroprevalence and antibody kinetics in three different commercially available assays for SARS-CoV-2. Serostatus of COVID-19 patients was analyzed 5 months and 10 months after their infection, using three different assays: Diasorin LIAISON, Euroimmun, Abbott Diagnostics ARCHITECT. Seropositivity at baseline differed significantly depending on the assay (Diasorin 81%, Euroimmun 83%, Abbott 59%). At follow-up antibody levels detected in the Diasorin assay were stable, while there was a significant loss in seropositivity in the Euroimmun and Abbott assays. There are significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics based on the specific assay used.
Astronauts well-being and possibly anti-aging improved during long-duration spaceflight
Authors: Otsuka Kuniaki , Cornelissen Germaine , Furukawa Satoshi , Kubo Yutaka , Shibata Koichi , Mizuno Koh , Ohshima Hiroshi , Mukai Chiaki
Published: July 2021

This study assesses how circadian rhythms of heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV) and activity change during long-term missions in space and how they relate to sleep quality. Ambulatory 48-h ECG and 96-h actigraphy were performed four times on ten healthy astronauts (44.7 ± 6.9 years; 9 men): 120.4 ± 43.7 days (Before) launch; 21.1 ± 2.5 days (ISS01) and 143.0 ± 27.1 days (ISS02) after launch; and 86.6 ± 40.6 days (After) return to Earth. Sleep quality was determined by sleep-related changes in activity, RR-intervals, HRV HF- and VLF-components and LF-band. The circadian amplitude of HR (HR-A) was larger in space (ISS01: 12.54, P = 0.0099; ISS02: 12.77, P = 0.0364) than on Earth (Before: 10.90; After: 10.55 bpm). Sleep duration in space (ISS01/ISS02) increased in 3 (Group A, from 370.7 to 388.0/413.0 min) and decreased in 7 (Group B, from 454.0 to 408.9/381.6 min) astronauts. Sleep quality improved in Group B from 7.07 to 8.36 (ISS01) and 9.36 (ISS02, P = 0.0001). Sleep-related parasympathetic activity increased from 55.2% to 74.8% (pNN50, P = 0.0010) (ISS02). HR-A correlated with the 24-h (r = 0.8110, P = 0.0044), 12-h (r = 0.6963, P = 0.0253), and 48-h (r = 0.6921, P = 0.0266) amplitudes of the magnetic declination index. These findings suggest associations of mission duration with increased well-being and anti-aging benefitting from magnetic fluctuations.
The change of gut microbiota in MDD patients under SSRIs treatment
Authors: Shen Yang , Yang Xiao , Li Gaofei , Gao Jiayu , Liang Ying
Published: July 2021

The alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported to be correlated with the development of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota in depressed patients after antidepressant treatment. We recruited 30 MDD patients (MDD group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). The MDD group received individualized treatment with escitalopram at a maximum dose of 20 mg/day. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score > 50%, a fecal sample was collected again and used as the follow-up group. The differences of gut microbiota between patients and controls, the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment and the potential differences in metabolic functions were thus investigated. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly different within three groups, and the ratio of follow-up group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in MDD group than those of the other groups, and the alpha diversity was not significantly different between control and follow-up groups. The beta diversity of some patients resembled participants in the control group. The metabolic function of gut microbiota after treatment was still different from that of the control group. This study suggests that the intestinal flora of depressed patients has a tendency to return to normal under escitalopram treatment.
Impact of repeated nasal sampling on detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Levy Joshua M. , Frediani Jennifer K. , Tyburski Erika A. , Wood Anna , Figueroa Janet , Kempker Russell R. , Rebolledo Paulina A. , Gonzalez Mark D. , Sullivan Julie , Vos Miriam B. , O’Neal Jared , Martin Greg S. , Lam Wilbur A. , Waggoner Jesse J.
Published: July 2021

The impact of repeated sample collection on COVID-19 test performance is unknown. The FDA and CDC currently recommend the primary collection of diagnostic samples to minimize the perceived risk of false-negative findings. We therefore evaluated the association between repeated sample collection and test performance among 325 symptomatic patients undergoing COVID-19 testing in Atlanta, GA. High concordance was found between consecutively collected mid-turbinate samples with both molecular (n = 74, 100% concordance) and antigen-based (n = 147, 97% concordance, kappa = 0.95, CI = 0.88–1.00) diagnostic assays. Repeated sample collection does not decrease COVID-19 test performance, demonstrating that multiple samples can be collected for assay validation and clinical diagnosis.
Synthesis of natural products containing highly strained trans-fused bicyclo[3.3.0]octane: historical overview and future prospects
Authors: Zhang Wen , Li Lingzi , Li Chuang-Chuang
Published: July 2021

Molecules with highly strained trans-fused bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes are very difficult to synthesize. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive discussion on the synthesis of natural products with trans-fused bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes.
Application strategies of peptide nucleic acids toward electrochemical nucleic acid sensors
Authors: Lai Qingteng , Chen Wei , Zhang Yanke , Liu Zhengchun
Published: July 2021

Various construction protocols of PNAs-based electrochemical nucleic acid sensor enables the feasibility of rapid nucleic acid diagnosis in genetics, pathology, criminology, and food safety.
Separation, identification and quantification of associated impurities in cobratide using sheathless CE-MS and CE-UV
Authors: Liu Bo , Wang Wentao , Gao Tie , Huang Lu , Fan Huihong , Chen Hong-Xu
Published: July 2021

Cobratide is a peptide drug extracted from the venom of Chinese cobra, and has been widely used in the clinical treatment of chronic, intractable and persistent pain.
Bi-layer silk fibroin skeleton and bladder acellular matrix hydrogel encapsulating adipose-derived stem cells for bladder reconstruction
Authors: Xiao Shuwei , Wang Pengchao , Zhao Jian , Ling Zhengyun , An Ziyan , Fu Zhouyang , Fu Weijun , Zhang Xu
Published: July 2021

A scaffold, constructed from a bi-layer silk fibroin skeleton (BSFS) and a bladder acellular matrix hydrogel (BAMH) encapsulated with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), was developed for bladder augmentation in a rat model.
Chiroptical anisotropy of crystals and molecules
Authors: Martin Alexander T. , Nichols Shane M. , Murphy Veronica L. , Kahr Bart
Published: July 2021

Optical activity measurements of isotropic media average orientational dependencies of light matter interactions. Crystals in the lab and oriented moleculesin silicoreveal essential chemical quantities in the fullness of their three dimensions.
Oxygen vacancies boosted the electrochemical kinetics of Nb2O5−x for superior lithium storage
Authors: Li Sheng , Cui Yingxue , Kang Rong , Zou Bobo , Ng Dickon H. L. , El-Khodary Sherif A. , Liu Xianhu , Qiu Jingxia , Lian Jiabiao , Li Huaming
Published: July 2021

The introduction of oxygen vacancies into Nb2O5 can provide more sites for lithium storage and boost electron/ion transport kinetics. Consequently, the Nb2O5−x exhibits high lithium storage capacity, superior rate capability, and cycling stability.
Active site separation of photocatalytic steam reforming of methane using a gas-phase photoelectrochemical system
Authors: Kujirai Tomoki , Yamaguchi Akira , Fujita Takeshi , Abe Hideki , Miyauchi Masahiro
Published: July 2021

The reaction sites for steam reforming of methane were separated to suppress byproduct formation using a gas-phase photoelectrochemical (GPEC) system.
Selective construction of fused heterocycles by an iridium-catalyzed reductive three-component annulation reaction
Authors: Gong Lingzhen , Zhao He , Yang Jian , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhang Min
Published: July 2021

Herein, we report a catalytic reductive three-component annulation reaction for the construction of fused heterocycles featuring a pyrano[2,3-b]pyridyl motif from N-heteroarenium salts and formaldehyde with cyclic 1,3-diketones or 4-hydroxycoumarins.
Detection of subtle extracellular glucose changes by artificial organelles in protocells
Authors: Wang Dishi , Moreno Silvia , Boye Susanne , Voit Brigitte , Appelhans Dietmar
Published: July 2021

A dynamic and feedback-controlled approach paves the way for using pH-detecting artificial organelles in the cytoplasm of protocells.
Organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of β-amino sulfonic acid derivatives
Authors: Deau Emmanuel , Le Foll Alexandra , Fouache Clémence , Corrot Emilie , Bailly Laetitia , Levacher Vincent , Marchand Pierric , Querniard Florian , Bischoff Laurent , Brière Jean-François
Published: July 2021

An expeditious synthesis of taurine derivatives though a key unprecedented organocatalyzed enantioselective sulfa-Michael addition of bisulfite onto nitrostyrenes.
Determining the structure of zeolite frameworks at high pressures
Authors: Price Lisa A. , Ridley Chris J. , Bull Craig L. , Wells Stephen A. , Sartbaeva Asel
Published: July 2021

The study of porous materials under high-pressure conditions is crucial for the understanding and development of structure–property relationships.
Elastic anisotropy of mechanically responsive molecular solids
Authors: Bahl Dherya , Young Beth A. , Stevens Lewis L.
Published: July 2021

Unique mechanical properties in molecular solids arise from a specific combination of structure and interaction anisotropy. Powder Brillouin light scattering offers new insight into the latter contribution to test current models for mechanical design.
A {Na2Fe10} isobutyrate cluster, interlinked into 1D chains
Authors: Podgornii Daniel , van Leusen Jan , Kravtsov Victor Ch. , Kögerler Paul , Baca Svetlana G.
Published: July 2021

The coordination cluster [Na2Fe10O6(OH)4(isobutyrate)14(MeO)2(MeCN)2], derived from a {Fe3(μ3-O)(isobutyrate)6} precursor, features a cluster shell of corner-sharing {Fe3(μ3-O)} motifs, capped by two sodium ions.
Mapping surface morphology and phase evolution of iron sulfide nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Tao , He Yurong , Liu Xiaotong , Liu Xiulei , Peng Qing , Li Ning , Liu Jinjia
Published: July 2021

The size effect on the thermodynamic phase diagram of FexSynanoparticles.
Synthesis, crystal structure, photocatalysis, photocurrent response: one-dimensional K2HgSnSe4 and three-dimensional Na6Cu8Sn3Se13
Authors: Teri Gele , Li Na , Bai Sagala , E. Namila , Baiyin Menghe
Published: July 2021

Two novel selenidostannates were solvothermally synthesized and compound 2 displays a unique 3-D open frame structure.
Calcium bridging drives polysaccharide co-adsorption to a proxy sea surface microlayer
Authors: Carter-Fenk Kimberly A. , Dommer Abigail C. , Fiamingo Michelle E. , Kim Jeongin , Amaro Rommie E. , Allen Heather C.
Published: July 2021

Alginate co-adsorbs to a proxy sea surface microlayer palmitate filmviaCa2+-mediated ionic bridging interactions between alginate and palmitate carboxylate groups. This mechanism provides evidence for polysaccharide enrichment in marine aerosol.
Structures of ions accommodated in salty ice Ih crystals
Authors: Yashima Yuga , Okada Yusuke , Harada Makoto , Okada Tetsuo
Published: July 2021

The local structures of K+ and Cl− incorporated in ice Ih are revealed by XAFS and DFT calculations.
A method for calculating temperature-dependent photodissociation cross sections and rates
Authors: Pezzella Marco , Yurchenko Sergei N. , Tennyson Jonathan
Published: July 2021

HCl potential energy curves with resulting photodissociation spectrum. The background figure (from Karen Teramura, UH IfA) shows the Kepler 78b planet with its star, and it is an example of a planet immersed in a stellar radiation field.
Gate-tunable superconductivity and charge-density wave in monolayer 1T′-MoTe2 and 1T′-WTe2
Authors: Lee Jun-Ho , Son Young-Woo
Published: July 2021

Coexistence of topological insulating and charge density wave states are predicted in single-layered 1T′-MoTe2 and 1T′-WTe2 under gate doping.
Reaction mechanisms of cyclo[18]carbon and triplet oxygen
Authors: Chen Jialu , Sun Liang , Zhang Ruiqin
Published: July 2021

The reaction mechanism of cyclo[18]carbon and triplet oxygen has been first explored and the synthesis of cyclo[16]carbon and cyclo[17]carbon is achieved.
Rechargeable Mg–Na and Mg–K hybrid batteries based on a low-defect Co3[Co(CN)6]2 nanocube cathode
Authors: Chen Dong , Chen Zhongxue , Xu Fei
Published: July 2021

Rechargeable Mg–Na and Mg–K hybrid batteries are constructed with low-defect Co3[Co(CN)6]2 nanocube cathodes.
Appraisal of individual hydrogen bond strengths and cooperativity in ammonia clustersviaa molecular tailoring approach
Authors: Ahirwar Mini Bharati , Patkar Deepak , Yadav Itee , Deshmukh Milind M.
Published: July 2021

In this work, we propose and test a method, based on the molecular tailoring approach (MTA), for the evaluation of individual hydrogen bond (HB) energies in ammonia (NH3)nclusters.
Theoretical assessments on the interaction between amino acids and the g-Mg3N2monolayer: dispersion corrected DFT and DFT-MD simulations
Authors: Rezvani Mahyar , Astaraki Mohammad , Rahmanzadeh Atyeh , Darvish Ganji Masoud
Published: July 2021

DFT-D based MD simulations on the interaction between amino acids and g-Mg3N2monolayer in aqueous solution are presented.
Antimicrobial peptide activity in asymmetric bacterial membrane mimics
Authors: Marx Lisa , Frewein Moritz P. K. , Semeraro Enrico F. , Rechberger Gerald N. , Lohner Karl , Porcar Lionel , Pabst Georg
Published: July 2021

We report on the response of asymmetric lipid membranes composed of palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine and palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol, to interactions with the frog peptides L18W-PGLa and magainin 2 (MG2a), as well as the lactoferricin derivative LF11-215.
Association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with improved heart rate variability and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving maintenance dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chou Chu-Lin , Chen Jin-Shuen , Kang Yi-No , Chen Yuan-Jen , Fang Te-Chao
Published: July 2021

Objective: Apart from dietary restriction and medical therapy, the benefits of cardiovascular protection offered by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplements in patients with ESRD receiving maintenance dialysis remain unclear.
Tryptophan improves porcine intestinal epithelial cell restitution through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway
Authors: Gu Ke , Liu Guangmang , Wu Caimei , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua , Chen Xiaoling , Tian Gang , Cai Jingyi , Zhang Ruinan , Wang Jing
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of tryptophan on cell migration and its underlying mechanism in porcine intestine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2).
Grow it yourself composites: delignification and hybridisation of lignocellulosic material using animals and fungi
Authors: Weiland Kathrin , Jones Mitchell P. , Zinsser Felix , Kontturi Eero , Mautner Andreas , Bismarck Alexander
Published: July 2021

We hybridised lignocellulose microfibres with a fungal derived nanoscale chitin-β-glucan network produce hydrophobic papers with improved tensile properties.
Modification of silicone resins by Si–N cross-dehydrocoupling with perfect thermal stability and mechanical performance
Authors: Guan Shengjie , Wu Fan , Wu Qian , He Zhichao , Jiang Jing , Huang Yudong , Liu Li
Published: July 2021

A series of new types of modified hydrosilanes were synthesized, using hydrosilanes and nitrogen heterocycles by Si–N cross-dehydrocoupling catalyzed by Ru3CO12.
Modulation of the electronic properties and photocatalytic performance of black phase monolayer GeSe by noble metal doping
Authors: Zhao Yafei , Li Xinzhong , Li Hehe , He Liang
Published: July 2021

Possible doping positions of noble metal atoms on the surface of monolayer GeSe.
Construction of a novel 2D–2D heterojunction by coupling a covalent organic framework and In2S3 for photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants with high efficiency
Authors: Li Luqiu , Yin Dongguang , Xiandi Guo
Published: July 2021

TpPa-1 COF was coupled with an inorganic narrow-band gap semiconductor In2S3 to form a novel 2D–2D heterojunction by a facile hydrothermal method.
Second near-infrared photoactivatable biocompatible polymer nanoparticles for effective in vitro and in vivo cancer theranostics
Authors: Wang Fei , Men Xiaoju , Chen Haobin , Mi Feixue , Xu Mengze , Men Xiaoxiao , Yuan Zhen , Lo Pik Kwan
Published: July 2021

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI)-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn considerable attention due to the deeper tissue penetration and higher maximum permissible exposure.
Carbon defects applied to potassium-ion batteries: a density functional theory investigation
Authors: Wang Tongde , Li Qian , Feng Quantao , Miao Yidong , Li Tianlin , Qi Jiqiu , Wei Fuxiang , Meng Qingkun , Ren Yaojian , Xiao Bin , Xue Xiaolan , Sui Yanwei , Sun Zhi
Published: July 2021

(a) Synthesis of LPNCs (b and c) optimized defect geometries of the intrinsic graphene and NG2–3 (d and e) the diffusion barrier of K (f and g) charge distribution (h and i) 2D charge density difference plots for K adsorption.
An expedient route to tricyanovinylindoles and indolylmaleimides from o-alkynylanilines utilising DMSO as a one-carbon synthon
Authors: Chakraborty Nikita , Dahiya Anjali , Rakshit Amitava , Modi Anju , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: July 2021

One-pot effective domino synthesis of tricyanovinylindoles utilising DMSO as a one-carbon surrogate and NH4SCN as the CN source.
A metal-free Petasis reaction towards the synthesis of N-(α-substituted)alkyl sulfoximines/sulfonimidamides
Authors: Natarajan K. , Irfana Jesin C. P. , Antony Haritha Mercy A. , Nandi Ganesh Chandra
Published: July 2021

N-(α-Substituted)alkyl sulfoximines/sulfonimidamides have been synthesized as diastereomeric mixtures (almost in a 1 : 1 ratio) via metal-free Petasis reaction in moderate to very good yields.
Heterotellurium-containing macrocycles towards degradable tellurium-functionalized polymers
Authors: Hu Jieni , Sun Chuanhao , Li Siqi , Yuan Yuan , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2021

We first disclose a facile strategy to synthesize a heterotellurium-containing macrocycle series, and then well-defined degradable poly(telluride-carbonate)s were obtained by ring-opening polymerization.
Ferromagnetic Archimedean polyhedra {Fe24M18} (M = Fe, Ni, and Mn) with tunable electron configurations
Authors: Wen Wen , Meng Yin-Shan , Jiao Cheng-Qi , Liu Qiang , Zhu Hai-Lang , Li Ya-Ming , Oshio Hiroki , Liu Tao
Published: July 2021

Three symmetric nanocages {Fe24M18} that mimic the Archimedean polyhedra, namely pseudo-rhombicuboctahedron, were synthesized. Their electron configurations depend highly on the changes of metal ions and the deprotonation of auxiliary ligands.
Electrophilic fluorosulfoxonium cations as hidden Brønsted acid catalysts in (n + 2) annulations of strained cycloalkanes
Authors: Manel Augustin , Berreur Jordan , Leroux Frédéric R. , Panossian Armen
Published: July 2021

A fluorosulfoxonium cation and triflic acid were shown to promote (n + 2) annulations of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes or -butanes with 1,2-dipoles, with different activity and selectivity but a presumed similar role as (hidden) Brønsted acids.
Adsorption and selectivity studies of direct and magnetite-cored molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs and magMIPs) towards chosen chalcones investigated with various analytical methods
Authors: Pawlaczyk Mateusz , Guć Maria , Schroeder Grzegorz
Published: July 2021

The following article presents a method for obtaining molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and their magnetic equivalents (magMIPs) using chalcones as imprinting molecules, and their application for direct and competitive chalcones' adsorption.
Effect of Si, Be, Al, N and S dual doping on arsenene: first-principles insights
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad , Godara Sumegha , Khenata Rabah , Usman Hameed Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Spin density plots for SiAl–As and SiN–As systems.
Direct synthesis of shaped MgAPO-11 molecular sieves and the catalytic performance in n-dodecane hydroisomerization
Authors: Wang Ping , Liu Hao , Wang Congxin , Lv Guang , Wang Donge , Ma Huaijun , Tian Zhijian
Published: July 2021

Shaped MgAPO-11 with hierarchical pores can be directly synthesized via a solid transformation route. Fewer synthesis steps and superior catalytic performance make the route possess great potential in practical applications.
The electrochemical performance of fluorinated ketjenblack as a cathode for lithium/fluorinated carbon batteries
Authors: Jiang Shengbo , Huang Ping , Lu Jiachun , Liu Zhichao
Published: July 2021

Fluorinated kejtenblack as the cathode of Li/CFx batteries exhibits excellent energy density and power density with high rate capability.
Ho2Pd1.3Ge2.7 – a ternary AlB2-type cluster glass system
Authors: Litzbarski Leszek S. , Klimczuk Tomasz , Winiarski Michał J.
Published: July 2021

A ternary AlB2-type cluster glass system was studied. We discuss the factors responsible for stability of its simple hexagonal structure.
Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed regioselective direct C4- and C5-diamidation of indoles and mechanistic studies
Authors: Devkota Shreedhar , Kim Suyeon , Yoo Seok Yeol , Mohandoss Sonaimuthu , Baik Mu-Hyun , Lee Yong Rok
Published: July 2021

Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed regioselective C4-/C5-diamidation of 3-carbonylindoles is described and a DFT study is conducted to understand the observed regioselectivity and the mechanism.
Hierarchical polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with superior sodium storage properties
Authors: Qu Jie , Dai Xin-Xin , Cui Jie-Shun , Chen Rou-Xi , Wang Xin , Lin Yen-Hao , Verduzco Rafael , Wang Hsing-Lin
Published: July 2021

Designing a structurally stable anode with a high reversible capacity for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is particularly crucial so that batteries are able to meet the requirements for large-scale applications in grid electrical energy storage.
Switching excitons between the emissive and photochromic pathways in the triphenylethylene system
Authors: Zhang Xiayu , Yu Tao , Huang Cheng , Wang Hailan , Dong Mengyang , Huang Rongjuan , Xie Zongliang , Wei Shanshan , Huang Wei
Published: July 2021

The competitive decay pathways between photoluminescence (PL) and photochromism were reported here. By tuning steric hindrance, crystal TrPEF2TMS exhibited a strong PL but weak photochromism, whereas TrPEF2H showed the opposite properties.
Chasing the Anchor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Perceptual Anchoring Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: Shulver Kurt D. , Badcock Nicholas A.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

We report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between perceptual anchoring and dyslexia. Our goal was to assess the direction and degree of the effect between perceptual anchoring and reading ability in typical and atypical (i.e., dyslexic) readers.

Method

We performed a literature search of experiments explicitly assessing perceptual anchoring and reading ability using PsycInfo (Ovid, 1860–2020), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1860–2019), EMBASE (Ovid, 1883–2019), and PubMed for all available years up to June (2020). Our eligibility criteria consisted of English language articles, and, at minimum, one experimental group identified as dyslexic—either by reading assessment at the time or by previous diagnosis. We assessed for risk of bias using an adapted version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Eight studies were included in this review and meta-analysis (n= 422 participants).

Results

The overall effect was negative, moderate, and statistically significant;g= −0.70, 95% confidence interval [−1.10, −0.29]: a negative effect size indicating less perceptual anchoring in dyslexic versus nondyslexic groups. Visual assessment of funnel plot and Egger's test suggest minimal bias but with significant heterogeneity; Q (7) = 17.03, prediction interval [−1.79, 0.40].

Conclusions

Of the included studies, we find evidence for a moderate perceptual anchoring deficit in individuals with dyslexia. The primary limitation of the current review is the small number of included studies. The variability of effect sizes appears consistent with the inherent variability within subtypes of dyslexia.
Anti‐collision algorithm based on slotted random regressive‐style binary search tree in RFID technology
Authors: Ai Yibo , Bai Tianrui , Xu Yue , Zhang Weidong
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has provided a strong technical support for the technological transformation of the logistics industry. The informatization development of logistics industry increasingly relies on the Internet of Things technology represented by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. These technologies lead the whole business process to optimize the business process in the direction of accurate, efficient and real‐time. In order to solve the problem that the reader cannot identify the label information correctly due to the phenomenon of data collision in the application of RFID technology, this paper proposes an anti‐collision algorithm based on Slotted Random Regressive‐style Binary Search Tree (SR‐RBST). Based on Slotted ALOHA (SA) the method proposed in this paper uses the Regressive‐style Binary Search Tree (RBST) to process the RFID labels in the collision time slot. With the same size of tags, the SR‐RBST algorithm needs less total time slot and has higher efficiency and shorter identification time, while with the increase of the number of tags, the SR‐RBST anti‐collision algorithm has more obvious advantages. The SR‐RBST algorithm effectively improves the time slot utilization efficiency of the system.
Power maximising control of a heaving point absorber wave energy converter
Authors: Gu Yifeng , Ding Boyin , Sergiienko Nataliia Y. , Cazzolato Benjamin S.
Published: July 2021

Control systems play a critical role in improving the economic viability of wave energy converters (WEC). This paper presents a framework for a causal power‐maximising feedback controller inspired by Phi method. Quadratic damper control and PID control are combined to collectively achieve the optimal power absorption conditions for the peak wave periods, which results in a nonlinear controller being suboptimal in irregular waves. The proposed controller is tested on a fully submerged heaving spherical point absorber in regular and irregular wave conditions in time domain. The tuning of the PID gains are investigated in frequency‐domain from a stability and control bandwidth perspective. The modelled WEC dynamics includes linear hydrodynamic forces (excitation and radiation) and the nonlinear viscous drag force. The main benefits of the proposed controller are (i) it does not require any time‐consuming optimisation either online or offline; (ii) has a wider bandwidth and better power absorption performance as compared to the conventional spring‐damper (PI) controller; and (iii) easy to implement in practice like standard PID control.
Bedürfnisse lesbischer Paare in der Hebammenbetreuung – eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Burrer Lena , Glaß-Roßnagel Christina , Knapp Annkathrin , Schemenauer Désirée , Arnold Doris
Published: July 2021

Was unterscheidet lesbische Elternpaare von heterosexuellen? Welche Ängste, Wünsche und Bedürfnisse haben Familien mit zwei Müttern? Wie wurde das Arbeitsbündnis mit Hebammen erlebt? Im Fokus dieser Forschungsarbeit stehen die Erfahrungen lesbischer Paare mit der Hebammenbetreuung in Deutschland. Gezeigt wird, wie bunt Familie und damit der Hebammenalltag sein kann und wie Diversität in der Hebammenarbeit achtsam gelebt werden kann.
Provider Preferences for Patient-Generated Health Data Displays in Pediatric Asthma: A Participatory Design Approach
Authors: Tiase Victoria L. , Wawrzynski Sarah E. , Sward Katherine A. , Del Fiol Guilherme , Staes Catherine , Weir Charlene , Cummins Mollie R.
Published: July 2021

Objective There is a lack of evidence on how to best integrate patient-generated health data (PGHD) into electronic health record (EHR) systems in a way that supports provider needs, preferences, and workflows. The purpose of this study was to investigate provider preferences for the graphical display of pediatric asthma PGHD to support decisions and information needs in the outpatient setting.

Methods In December 2019, we conducted a formative evaluation of information display prototypes using an iterative, participatory design process. Using multiple types of PGHD, we created two case-based vignettes for pediatric asthma and designed accompanying displays to support treatment decisions. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with six participants were used to evaluate the display usability and determine provider preferences.

Results We identified provider preferences for display features, such as the use of color to indicate different levels of abnormality, the use of patterns to trend PGHD over time, and the display of environmental data. Preferences for display content included the amount of information and the relationship between data elements.

Conclusion Overall, provider preferences for PGHD include a desire for greater detail, additional sources, and visual integration with relevant EHR data. In the design of PGHD displays, it appears that the visual synthesis of multiple PGHD elements facilitates the interpretation of the PGHD. Clinicians likely need more information to make treatment decisions when PGHD displays are introduced into practice. Future work should include the development of interactive interface displays with full integration of PGHD into EHR systems.
Gauge-invariant perturbation expansion in powers of electric charge for the density-of-states of a network model for charged-particle motion in a uniform background magnetic flux density
Authors: Haldane F. D. M.
Published: July 2021

An explicitly gauge-invariant expansion in powers of e/ℏ times the magnetic flux density is formally obtained for the density of states [as characterized by the trace of the resolvent Ĝ = (ω−ĥ)−1] of a charged particle moving on a Hermitian quantum network that is embedded in a Euclidean background that supports a uniform magnetic flux density. The explicit expressions, given here up to third order in the flux density, are also valid for the “local trace” (the trace of P̂iĜ, where P̂i is the projector on a network node) and do not appear to have been previously given.
Sharp bounds for the integrated density of states of a strongly disordered 1D Anderson–Bernoulli model
Authors: Sánchez-Mendoza Daniel
Published: July 2021

In this article, we give upper and lower bounds for the integrated density of states (IDS) of the 1D discrete Anderson–Bernoulli model when the disorder is strong enough to separate the two spectral bands. These bounds are uniform on the disorder and hold over the whole spectrum. They show the existence of a sequence of energies in which the value of the IDS can be given explicitly and does not depend on the disorder parameter.
Influence of gallium surface saturation on GaN nanowire polytype selection during molecular-beam epitaxy
Authors: Lu H. , Moniri S. , Reese C. , Jeon S. , Katcher A. , Hill T. , Deng H. , Goldman R. S.
Published: July 2021

We have examined the influence of Ga surface saturation on gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire (NW) polytype selection during molecular-beam epitaxy. The Ga surface saturation in the absence and presence of nitrogen determines the GaN polytype and morphology (i.e., films vs NW) selection, respectively. We discuss the interplay between surface and step-edge diffusion barriers governing the NW-to-film-transition and the influence of SixNy interlayer formation on zinc blende (ZB) vs wurtzite (WZ) polytype selection of GaN. In addition, distinct exciton emissions associated with ZB and WZ GaN are observed, suggesting a type-I WZ/ZB GaN band-offset. This work provides a crucial step toward the realization of polarization-free, CMOS-compatible GaN-based optoelectronics.
Trapped-electron-mode property and role for the L-H transition in L-mode edge plasmas with relatively high electron temperature and weak ion temperature gradient
Authors: Kim J. Y. , Han H. S.
Published: July 2021

When the low-confinement mode (L-mode) edge has relatively high electron temperature and weak ion temperature gradient, for example, as observed in the ECH-heated low-density plasmas, the trapped electron mode (TEM) can play an important role in the low to high confinement (L-H) transition as well as the L-mode edge transport, instead of the resistive ballooning or ion temperature gradient mode (RBM or ITG). Motivated by this, a study is first presented about, among several types of the TEM, which one is the most dominant in the above L-mode edge condition, showing that it is dominated by a mixture of the density gradient driven and dissipative TEMs. The parameter dependence of the growth rate of this dominant TEM type is then checked, showing that it has the scaling qualitatively similar to the H-mode threshold power one observed in plasmas where the TEM can be a dominant mode. Closely related to this, a discussion is also given about the L-H transition expected in plasmas where the TEM is assumed to be dominant. Unlike the typical L-H transition that is believed to occur in the RBM-dominant plasmas, it is conjectured to take place in one-step form, with no generation or negligible role of the limit-cycle-oscillation, thus requiring a larger threshold power.
Control of antiferromagnetic resonance and the Morin temperature in cation doped
α
-Fe2-xMxO3 (M = Al, Ru, Rh, and In)
Authors: Hayashi Kensuke , Yamada Keisuke , Shima Mutsuhiro , Ohya Yutaka , Ono Teruo , Moriyama Takahiro
Published: July 2021

Antiferromagnets are one of the few candidate materials that can work at THz frequency and are, therefore, a potential material for THz technology recently attracting interest from high-speed communication and sensing applications. In this work, we investigate an antiferromagnetic resonant frequency (ωr) tunability for cation doped α-Fe2O3. It is found that, with various cation dopants (Al, Ru, Rh, and In), the resonant frequency can be tuned in a range between a millimeter-wave band and a THz band. We also complementally discuss the mechanism of the Morin temperature (TM) shift upon cation doping by the temperature and dopant dependence of ωr. A good frequency tunability shown in this work suggests that cation doped α-Fe2O3 is a useful material for millimeter-wave and THz applications.
Doping efficiency and electron transport in Al-doped ZnO films grown by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Mošková A. , Moško M. , Precner M. , Mikolášek M. , Rosová A. , Mičušík M. , Štrbík V. , Šoltýs J. , Gucmann F. , Dobročka E. , Fröhlich K.
Published: July 2021

Transparent conducting Al-doped ZnO films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Al-doping was introduced by inserting 1 Al2O3 cycle per 28 ZnO cycles. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the density of the Al donors is 2×1021–3×1021 cm−3, while the Hall-effect measurements showed a ten times lower electron density. This low doping efficiency is a well-known inherent problem of the ALD method, and we wanted to explain its origin. We have found that the electron density is reduced by electron traps at the grain surface; however, the effect was too weak to explain the low doping efficiency. Therefore, the mechanism of the Al2O3 doping was analyzed. We have proposed that each Al2O3 molecule ideally provides two single-electron Al donors accompanied by one Zn vacancy, which acts as a two-electron acceptor. This would cause a perfect compensation; however, the compensation is in reality not perfect, which results in weakly efficient doping. Calculations also showed that each Zn vacancy creates a bound pair with an Al donor. To verify our doping model experimentally, it was inserted into the metallic transport theory and compared with the electron transport measurements. A good agreement was found for a broad range of experimental conditions. In the regime of weak localization, the conductivity showed the temperature dependence σ(T)=a+bT3/4, which is a signature of weak localization and electron–electron scattering in a 3D dirty metal.