bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Traditional Knowledge in West Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya
Authors: Passah Diangbha
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITK) is local application methods practiced in different sectors especially in fisheries by local population from time immemorial with some changes from time to time. Many of the ITKs are based on scientific values but they are not well documented. The present study aimed to evaluate the Indigenous Traditional Knowledge practiced in West Jaintia Hills District of Meghalaya. The ITKs identified are divided in three different groups. They are ITK in value added product, ITKs used as fish baits and fish poison and ITKs used as gear for catching fishes from natural water bodies. Keywords: ITK, Jaintia Hills District, Fish poison, Gear, Value added product.
Examination of Reading Strategies Metacognitive Awareness Levels of French Foreign Language Students in Terms of Various Variables
Authors: Güngör Zühre Yılmaz
Published: October 2021

The act of reading is a complex process in which learners rush their cognitive and metacognitive skills to fonction. The effective use of metacognitive skills is regarded as an important feature becoming prominent in successful reading. In order to exercise reading strategies effectively, students are required to have developed metacognitive awareness. In this study, the level of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and whether metacognitive awareness varies according to variables such as gender and reading course success have been examined in the 1st grade students studying at Anadolu University Faculty of Education Program of French Language Teaching Program. 32 students voluntarily participated in the study, 19 of whom were Females and 13 of whom were Males. The data of the study have been collected with the Turkish version of the 30-item 5-point Likert-type Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) developed by Mokhtari & Reichard (2002) and adapted into Turkish by Öztürk (2012). According to the findings, students' reading strategies were revealed to have high levels of metacognitive awareness. However, it has been further observed that the level of metacognitive awareness of students' reading course success grades and reading strategies did not make a significant difference in terms of gender. Similarly, it has been observed that there was no significant difference between the students' reading strategies and metacognitive awareness levels and their success grades in the reading course.
Toe drain size and slope stability of homogeneous embankment dam under rapid drawdown
Authors: Mkilima Timoth
Published: October 2021

The slope stability of an embankment dam has been always a serious concern of any design team. Unfortunately, the information on the potential influence of a toe drain size on the slope stability of an embankment dam under rapid drawdown conditions is still scarce. This study investigated the potential effect of a toe drain size on the slope stability of a homogeneous embankment dam under rapid drawdown conditions. Three different sizes (5m, 10m, and 15m) of the toe drain were investigated under instantaneous (worst scenario) and 5 days (more realistic) drawdown rates with the help of numerical modeling in GeoStudio. From the results, it was observed that the pore-water pressures at the upstream face of the embankment decreased with the increase in the toe drain size, while the pore-water pressures at the downstream toe were increasing with the increase in the toe drain size. The factor of safety values were also observed to be affected by the changes in the toe drain size.
17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth among singleton pregnant women with a prior history of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials
Authors: Baradwan Saeed , Abdulghani Sahar Hassan , Abuzaid Mohammed , Khadawardi Khalid , Alshahrani Majed Saeed , Al-Matary Abdulrahman , AlRasheed May A. , Miski Najlaa Talat , Abdulhalim Aroob , Alturki Yousra Mansour , Abu-Zaid Ahmed
Published: October 2021

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the clinical benefits of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHPC) in the prevention of recurrent preterm birth (PTB) among singleton pregnant women with a previous history of PTB. We searched four major databases up till April 2021 and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. We meta-analyzed various maternal-neonatal endpoints (n=18) and pooled them as mean difference or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria, comprising 2,573 patients (17OHPC=1,617, control=956). RCTs revealed an overall low risk of bias. The rates of PTB <35 weeks (n=5 RCTs; RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.93; P=0.008), PTB <32 weeks (n=3 RCTs; RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.91; P=0.009), neonates with low birth weight (<2.5 kg) at delivery (n=3 RCTs; RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.5-0.79; P<0.001), and neonatal death (n=4 RCTs; RR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20-0.84; P=0.02) were significantly reduced in the 17OHPC group compared with the control group. Moreover, 17OHPC treatment correlated with a significantly decreased rate of retinopathy (n=2 RCTs; RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18-0.97; P=0.004). However, there were no significant differences in the rates of neonatal intensive care unit admission, cesarean delivery, and other pretermrelated complications between both the groups. Among singleton pregnant women with a prior history of PTB, 17OHPC may favorably decrease the risks of recurrent PTB and reduce the rate of neonatal death.
Linguistic Impediments of Communicative Proficiency: A Case Study of Students in the CSHS, Shaqra University, Thadiq, KSA
Authors: Tawfiq Hatim Hassan , Abdelshafie Abdelshafie Alrayeh
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the linguistic barriers that impede English language communicative proficiency of the students of English language in the college of sciences and humanity studies, Thadiq, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia. The paper gives the specific linguistic problems that detain attaining a perfect English language communicative competence. The paper also examines the teaching strategies that help students reach competency in oral skill. It concludes with some suggestions that help students to achieve a higher proficiency in English language communication. 
A Unified General Class of Interdistributional Income Inequality Measures Based on Weighted Incomplete Moments
Authors: Aldossary Fahad , Tamer Abouelmagd, , Ahmed A. A. E.
Published: October 2021

Many authors have proposed measures for between groups income inequalities. Mostly, these measures are based on functional of the income distribution. Others are based on Gini index, measures of entropies or additive functions. Butler and McDonald (1987) developed a class of between groups income inequality measures based on incomplete moments and showed its applicability. In this article, A unified class of interdistributional inequality measures are introduced. Most of previous measures are special cases from the new class, such as Butler-McDonald measures. These new measures are estimated and studied. Also, the new general class is based on probability weighted moments which can be given any values as the upper value. A real data application is presented to compare among all these measures and show the benefits of the new measures.
SOME PROBLEMS OF ELECTRICAL GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING METHODS USED FOR EXPLORATION OF ORE DEPOSITS
Authors: Kulikov V. A. , Yakovlev A. G. , Polikarpova V. A.
Published: October 2021

Electrical geophysical prospecting methods are widely used at different stages of geological exploration. In the last two decades, new computer technologies and satellite navigation systems were successfully introduced in the geophysical industry. As a result, exploration technologies have improved, and new geophysical methods have been developed, such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and spectral induced polarization (SIP) methods. An important role in ore geophysics is played by magnetotelluric (MT) methods. In this article, we focus on the issues of methodology and interpretation of electrical prospecting data for solving ore exploration problems. Special attention is paid to the induced polarization (IP) method that is most widely used in mineral exploration and mining industry as one of the most important and most dynamically developing techniques of ore geophysics. In addition, the issues of correct choices of survey scales and the use of automatic 2D and 3D inversion programs are considered.
ANALYSIS OF FRACTION CONTENTS IN ROCK SCRATCH TESTS FOR ESTIMATING THE ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION FOR THE SEDIMENTARY COVER OF THE KOVYKTA FIELD
Authors: Toropetsky K. V. , Borisov G. A. , Smirnov A. S. , Nosikov A. V.
Published: October 2021

The article describes the possibility of using the granulometric analysis of rock cuttings formed in controlled core scratching tests to estimate the angle of internal friction.

The study object is the Kovykta gas-condensate field (GCF) that occupies a wide area in the southeastern part of the Irkutsk amphitheater of the Siberian platform. This uniquely complex geological structure holds significant reserves of hydrocarbons. Its sedimentary cover is composed of the Vendian – lower Paleozoic and partly Riphean formations. Their total thickness exceeds 6000 m, as estimated from the new seismic survey data [Vakhromeev et al., 2019].

The sedimentary cover of the Kovykta GCF has been studied by surface and borehole geophysical techniques, remote sensing and geostructural methods, in combination with the tectonophysical approach [Seminsky et al., 2018] based on drilling data, including standard and special core sampling data.
SOME FEATURES OF CURRENT TECHNOGENIC MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH’S CRUST
Authors: Timofeev V. Yu. , Ardyukov D. G. , Timofeev A. V. , Boyko E. V. , Valitov M. G. , Kalish E. N. , Stus Yu. F. , Nosov D. A. , Sizikov I. S.
Published: October 2021

We describe the history of studying the current crustal movements by various methods and discuss technogenic effects recorded at large water-reservoir zones and mineral deposits in Siberia. Initially, classical surveying techniques aimed to obtain high-accuracy ground-based measurements of height, tilt and direction. Modern geodesy techniques and methods for measuring absolute gravity are now available to investigate displacement, deformation, tilt and other phenomena taking place on the Earth’s surface. These methods are used to estimate kinematic parameters of the crust areas (e.g. rates of subsidence and horizontal movements) and to monitor fluid motions in mineral deposits. Such data are critical for ensuring a proper management of the mineral deposits. In this article, we analyse technogenic processes observed in the Ust Balyk oil-gas field, the Zapolyarny gas deposit, the water-reservoir zone at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station (SSHPS) on the Yenisei river, and large open-pit mines in the Kuzbass basin. Our analysis is based on surface displacement rates estimated from the data collected in different periods of observations at large man-made facilities. In the study of the hydro technical objects, we estimated the displacement rates at 5.0 mm per year. In the northern areas of the West Siberian petroleum basin, subsidence rates amounted to 20–25 mm per year in the early 2000s. These estimates were supported by the high-accuracy gravity measurements showing an increase up to 6–7 microGal per year in the oil-gas field development areas. We assess a possibility of triggering effects related to weak seismicity due to a high stress accumulation rate (1 KPa per hour) in the SSHPS area. A connection between earth tides and catastrophic events, such as gas emissions in high amounts on mining sites, is discussed. Having analysed the surface monitoring records taken in South Primorye in September 2017, we conclude that underground nuclear explosions in North Korea in this period did not cause any significant displacement of the surface in this most southerly region of the Russian Far East territories.
Reseñas de cuentos aparecidas en los diarios ABC (ABC Cultural) y El País (Babelia) 1991-1995
Authors: Díaz Pardo Felipe
Published: October 2021

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Nueva interpretación del pasado en los relatos históricos de Beryl Bainbridge
Authors: Álvarez Calleja María Antonia
Published: October 2021

Beryl Bainbridge comenzó como escritora de novelas policíacas maca bras, logrando su literatura el mayor esplendor en ese área resbaladiza y dudosa que media entre la tragedia y la farsa. Pero recientemente, como afirma Barbara C. MiUard (1982: 40), sus obras han recibido una atención crítica seria por el estilo económico y elegante de sus retratos intrigantes, y al mismo tiempo cómicos, de gentes de la clase media baja, acosadas y atrapadas en un mundo amenazador y cargado de temores. Esos originales relatos necesitan, al menos, una segunda lectura para poder comprender todas las sugerencias de un lenguaje cargado de significados. En la ficción de Beryl Bainbridge destaca principalmente la brusquedad psicológica y los actos de violencia extrema de sus personajes, aparentemente vulgares, pertenecientes a la clase trabajadora. Gran parte de su comedia negra, casi macabra, se basa en recuerdos y reflexiones de su adolescencia en Liverpool, bajo la aterradora amenaza de la segunda Guerra Mundial. Aunque en una entrevista concedida a Brad Crawford (1999: 8) Bainbridge confiese que no se considera una experta en novela histórica, en los relatos en que se libera de su entorno y de su época inventa otras voces diferentes de la suya para los personajes que surgen del campo de su imaginación, pero siempre dedicando el tiempo necesario a la investigación de los episodios que interesan a la narración, ya que no puede lanzarse a escribir en un marco situacional donde sus personajes no se muevan con naturalidad.
Primeros textos publicados de Carmen Martín Gaite en la revista Trabajos y Días (Salamanca, 1946-1951)
Authors: Romero López Dolores
Published: October 2021

Hace ya algunos años publicó un artículo titulado «Un tributo al análisis de las revistas españolas de posguerra: Trabajos y Días (Salamanca, 1946-1951)» (Romero López, 1995). Se trata de una investigación que tenía por objeto anali zar y dar a conocer la existencia de una revista universitaria salmantina que, en honor a la obra de Heríodo, se llamó Trabajos y Días. Este estudio fue un intento de completar la publicación de Jordi Gracia (1994), Crónica de una deserción. Ideología y política en la prensa universitaria del franquismo (1940- 1960), donde se analizan otras revistas similares como Alférez, Alerta, Estilo, Laye, Alcalá, Qvadrante, La hora, Theoría y Acento cultural. Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio, Ignacio Aldecoa, Jesús Fernández Santos, Alfonso Sastre, Juan García Hortelano, Carlos Barral, José María Castellet, José Manuel Caballero Bonald, Carmen Martín Gaite y otros tantos iniciaron su carrera como escritores en aquellas revistas de posguerra. De ellas salió la estética del realismo y en sus páginas se expresaron los que serían precursores de las ideas democráticas.
Espectáculos parateatrales en Badajoz en el siglo XIX (hasta 1886)
Authors: Suárez Muñoz Ángel , Suárez Ramírez Sergio
Published: October 2021

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Reseña de: Víctor Cantero García. Las aportaciones de los dramas de «costumbres burguesas» de Luis de Eguilaz al conocimiento de la burguesía española de la segunda mitad del XIX. Cádiz: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz, 2000
Authors: López Romero José
Published: October 2021

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Reseña de: Jerónimo López Mozo. Combate de ciegos. Yo, maldita india... (Dos obras de teatro). Madrid: UNED, 2000
Authors: Perea González Carmen
Published: October 2021

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Reseña de: José Enrique Martínez Fernández: La intertextualidad literaria. Madrid: Cátedra, 2001
Authors: Trabado Cabado José Manuel
Published: October 2021

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Filantropía secular. La ayuda interesada de los fundadores del Asilo de Mendigos en la Ciudad de México, 1879-1902.
Authors: Lorenzo Río María Dolores
Published: October 2021

En este artículo exploramos las “buenas intenciones” de un grupo de filántropos, empresarios liberales, seculares y reformistas que, con el argumento de impulsar la modernización urbana, propusieron desplazar a los limosneros de las calles centrales de la Ciudad de México para contenerlos en el Asilo Particular para Mendigos, fundado en 1879 y ubicado en la periferia urbana. Si bien las obras de la filantropía suelen estudiarse como formas de financiamiento del arte y la cultura o bien como respuesta para la educación y la higiene de los pobres, en este artículo nos centramos en el interés de los filántropos por fomentar el comercio y el ordenamiento urbano, a través de un proyecto asistencial. Asimismo, proponemos una definición acotada de la filantropía secular y sus características que pueden estudiarse a partir del caso específico del Asilo Particular de Mendigos y de las prácticas filantrópicas que le dieron sentido al interés público a finales del siglo XIX. Para sustentar este trabajo consultamos los informes de la Junta de Beneficencia Pública y los informes de las Actas del Consejo del Asilo, prensa periódica y otras fuentes, destacamos de éstas un documento peculiar sobre un estudio de las rutas que los mendigos recorrieron por la ciudad y que le dieron el sustento razonado a esta forma de filantropía en la Ciudad de México.

Modern philanthropy used public interest as an argument for intervention in “social question”. The critical point of this text argue how "disinterested" were the "good intentions" of a group of philanthropists, liberals, secularists and reformists who, under the argument of urban modernization, sought to displace beggars from the streets to contain them in the Asilo Particular para Mendigos, founded in Mexico City in 1879. We show the social composition of the founding group and the many meanings on their social actions. We explore a peculiar research elaborated on the routes the beggars traveled through the city, that gave the reasoned support to the foundation. Using the “well-intentioned” argument of helping the poor, philanthropists exerted their influence on urban planning provisions, in addition to mitigating social tensions.
Como el ánima al cuerpo humano. Los pilotos reales de la Armada de Magallanes (1519-1522).
Authors: Mena García Carmen
Published: October 2021

Los pilotos fueron pieza fundamental para el éxito de la gran aventura ultramarina encabezada por España y Portugal desde fines del siglo XV. En esta ocasión, nos ocupamos de los avezados tripulantes que participaron en la primera expedición a las Molucas (1519-1522) encomendada al portugués Hernando de Magallanes. Seis hombres gobernaban los cinco barcos de la armada de la Especiería –tres portugueses y otros tres castellanos- y todos tenían la consideración de pilotos de Sus Altezas, es decir, estaban permanentemente al servicio de la Corona y cobraban un salario mensual de la Casa de la Contratación. Sobre fuentes documentales, crónicas de la época y una bibliografía especializada ofrecemos en estas páginas una aproximación a sus recorridos biográficos.

Pilots were a key factor in the success of the great maritime adventure lead by Spain and Portugal since the 15th century. This article focuses in one specific episode: the first expedition to the Molucca Islands (1519-1522) commended to the Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan. Six men -three Portuguese and three from Castille- manned the five ships of the Armada de la Especiería. All of them were officially declared Pilots of their Royal Highnesses. As civil servants of the crown they perceived a monthly salary from the Casa de Contratación. On documentary sources, chronicles of the time and a specialized bibliography we offer in these pages an approach to his biographical journeys.
Observaciones y perspectivas sobre las modalidades de educación básica en América Latina en la era pandémica y pospandémica
Authors: Chen Xing , Zhao Xi
Published: October 2021

La crisis sanitaria de covid-19 ha llevado a que el modelo educativo en muchos países, incluidos los latinoamericanos, pase a la modalidad remota. Este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar la transición de la presencialidad a la virtualidad a lo largo de la pandemia, así como sus implicaciones para las posibilidades y disponibilidades pedagógicas en la era pospandémica mediante un análisis de la modalidad de la educación básica en América Latina basándose en un estudio de caso del programa educativo a distancia en México: Aprende en Casa.
Las conclusiones sugieren que el sistema mexicano de educación básica ha experimentado tres etapas de transformación ante la pandemia. Sin embargo, también observamos que en el proyecto Aprende en Casa existen varias deficiencias, vinculadas principalmente a la falta de garantía de equidad y eficiencia educativa. Se finaliza concluyendo que, con la finalidad de abordar los retos en la educación básica tanto en México como en toda la región latinoamericana, hace falta una visión hacia un enfoque integral, atendiendo la diversidad de las condiciones socioeconómicas.

The Covid-19 health crisis has led to a shift in the educational model in many countries to the remote mode, including Latin American countries. This article aims to analyse the modality of basic education in Latin America based on a case study of the distance education programme in Mexico: Learning at Home. In this article, the objective is to explore the transition from face-to-face education to virtual mode, as well as its implications for pedagogical and public proposals in the post-pandemic era.
The findings suggest that the Mexican basic education system has undergone three stages of transformation in the face of the pandemic. However, we also note that there are several shortcomings in the Learning at Home project, mainly linked to the lack of guarantee of educational equity and efficiency. We conclude that in order to address the challenges in basic education not only in Mexico, but also in the Latin American region as a whole, a new vision towards a comprehensive approach is needed, taking into account the diversity of socio-economic conditions.
SILAGE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF FORAGELEGUMES INTERCROPPING WITH CEREALS
Authors: PAPANAOUM George , BOULOUMPASI Elissavet , LAZARIDOU Theano B.
Published: October 2021

Intercropping of most annual legumes with winter cereals is a very common practice for forage production in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intercropping cereals with forage legumes on silage yield and protein content. The completely randomized design was applied with three replications and the experiment was established in the farm of the Western Macedonia University in Florina. Particularly, common vetch, forage pea and faba beans were used as forage legumes, and barley, bread wheat and triticale were used as cereals, which were grown individually as well as intercropped with each other in mixed rows in a sowing ratio 65:35. The plots consisted of seven rows five meters long of which the five inner were harvested. A total of 45 experimental plots was installed. The field was fertilized only with base fertilization. All the cultural practices used by farmers were applied. The plants were harvested when the legumes were at the end of the flowering period and were dried naturally for the formation of hay. The plants were separated by hand to determine the weight of fresh matter for each species. Samples of 100 g of hay from each experimental plot were used to calculate the dry matter and to determine the total N using the Kjeldahl method and subsequently the total protein content. In most cases differences were found between the treatments concerning the dry matter and the protein content giving a better proportion in the mixtures.
TYPOLOGY, PRODUCTIVITY AND DYNAMICS OF ALEPPO PINE STANDS IN THE OUARSENIS MASSIF (ALGERIA)
Authors: SARMOUM Mohamed , NAVARRO-CIRRILLO Rafael , GUIBAL Frederic , ABDOUN Fatiha
Published: October 2021

Aleppo pine is the most important forest species in Algeria. This species has been used for a long time in reforestation programs, notably the “green dam” planted in the 1970s. Despite this importance, the Aleppo pine continues to undergo all kinds of degradation such as land clearing, illegal cutting and fire. This situation is causing reduction of potential wood production, also jeopardizing the vitality of the stands and their regeneration. This work aims to describe the typology, productivity and dynamics of Aleppo pine stands in the Ouarsenis massif (West of Algeria). 27 plots were installed to describe the stands (composition of forest species, dbh , total height, and basal area). Regeneration was estimated by the rate of juvenile individuals (dbh5cm). The results obtained shows that the Aleppo pine develops different conditions for altitude, climate and type of soil. These conditions have a direct influence on the structure of the Aleppo pine and its productivity. The best populations develop on an average altitude (500 to 1400 m), in subhumid and semi-arid climates, on southern exposures and on limestone soils. The stands are mostly young (age 70 years) with good natural regeneration. These results put focus on the factors of degradation of the Aleppo pine, in particular the recurring fires and the lack of silvicultural management which application can improve the productivity and the vitality of the stands.
Introducing UNESCO Decade of Indigenous Languages 2022-2032
Authors: Tsykarev Alexey
Published: October 2021

Alexey Tsykarev talks about UNESCO Decade of Indigenous Languages 2022-2032.
Perception of footwear comfort and its relationship with the foot structure among youngest-old women and men
Authors: Puszczalowska-Lizis Ewa , Koziol Karolina , Omorczyk Jaroslaw
Published: October 2021

Background

Adequate footwear comfort and functionality are important regardless of age, but they become particularly important in the youngest-old women and men, mainly due to the fact that this age range is the initial period of old age with changes in shoe preferences. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of footwear comfort and its relationship with the feet structure in youngest-old women and men.

Methods

The cross-sectional study covered community dwellers living on their own aged 65–74 years (50 women; 50 men). The feet characteristics were measured using the CQ-ST podoscope (Electronic System, Ltd, EU), and the perception of footwear comfort was assessed with a visual analogue scale. The assessment took into account gender-specific footwear of a certain brand (Befado Dr orto).

Results

Statistically significant intergender differences were observed in the perception of footwear comfort with respect to the shoe heel width (p = 0.022), the arch height (p = 0.013), the overall comfort (p = 0.049) and the material properties of the footwear (p = 0.017). In women, there were statistically significant positive relationships among the heel angle (γ) and the perception of footwear comfort in terms of heel cushioning (p = 0.021), forefoot cushioning (p = 0.015), arch height (p = 0.029). In men, there was a statistically significant negative relationship of the left foot Clarke’s angle with the heel height (p = 0.043), and a positive relationship between the right foot width and the arch height (p = 0.044).

Conclusions

Youngest-old women, compared to men of the same age range, have a higher perception of shoe comfort in terms of the shoe heel width, the arch height, the overall comfort of the footwear and the material properties of the footwear. The appropriate profile and construction of the shoe allows for an increase in the contact surface of the foot with the shoe, hence the improvement in the perception of footwear comfort in people with lowered arch or widened forefoot.
ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КРИТЕРИИ АКТИВНОСТИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНОГО ПРОЦЕССА, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Авербах М.М.
Published: October 2021

В обзоре представлены результаты научных исследований о динамических изменениях различных звеньев иммунитета при лечении больных туберкулезом. Проанализированы изменения фенотипических маркеров лимфоцитов, выработка основных провоспалительных и противовоспалительных цитокинов, хемокинов, белков острой фазы воспаления и прокальцитонина. Динамические изменения хемокинов CXCL-10 (IP-10), MIF и MIP-1 могут служить достаточно эффективными критериями успешности проводимой химиотерапии туберкулеза.
Exploring the application of the Charlson Comorbidity Index to assess the patient population seen in a Veterans Affairs chiropractic residency program
Authors: Ly Vivian T. , Coleman Brian C. , Coulis Christopher M. , Lisi Anthony J.
Published: October 2021

Objective

Chiropractic trainees require exposure to a diverse patient base, including patients with multiple medical conditions. The Veterans Affairs (VA) Chiropractic Residency Program aims for its doctor of chiropractic (DC) residents to gain experience managing a range of multimorbid cases, yet to our knowledge there are no published data on the comorbidity characteristics of patients seen by VA DC residents. We tested 2 approaches to obtaining Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores and compared CCI scores of resident patients with those of staff DCs at 1 VA medical center.

Methods

Two processes of data collection to calculate CCI scores were developed. Time differences and agreement between methods were assessed. Comparison of CCI distribution between resident DC and staff DCs was done using 100 Monte Carlo simulation iterations of Fisher's exact test.

Results

Both methods were able to calculate CCI scores (n = 22). The automated method was faster than the manual (13 vs 78 seconds per patient). CCI scores agreement between methods was good (κ = 0.67). We failed to find a significant difference in the distribution of resident DC and staff DC patients (mean p = .377; 95% CI, .375–.379).

Conclusion

CCI scores of a VA chiropractic resident's patients are measurable with both manual and automated methods, although automated may be preferred for its time efficiency. At the facility studied, the resident and staff DCs did not see patients with significantly different distributions of CCI scores. Applying CCI may give better insight into the characteristics of DC trainee patient populations.
The Effect of Oral Motor Therapy on Feeding Difficulties and Eating Behaviors in Younger ASD Children
Authors: Khan Heena , Parveen Sheeba , Dwivedi Amitabh
Published: October 2021

Background: A variety of feeding difficulties like aversion of food, food selectivity, complete food refusal are the most common problems reported by the Parents of ASD children. Every parent of ASD children struggles to manage their child’s feeding routine as well as undesirable mealtime behaviours, which can cause parental concern and poor family dynamics.

Aim: 1) The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of dedicated oral motor work in children with ASD who presented with feeding difficulty. 2) To determine parental concerns related to feeding behavior shown by their child and assess whether an additional home program in parallel with oral motor work by an Occupational Therapist would provide any benefits.

Methods: This is a pre and post study where a total number of 18 ASD children at the age of 2-4 year old were participated and selected through BPFAS, out of which 15 copies were considered to be concerned with the oral motor and feeding difficulties of the child. Therefore, 15 participants who were facing feeding difficulties with their children were recruited. Concerned Participants were further assessed by Occupational therapist with the help of ‘The com deall Oro-motor assessment scale for toddlers’.

Results: According to The Com Deall Oral-motor assessment scale, some changes observed in the oral motor skills and When parental concern is considered via home plan including mealtime strategies with oral motor activities, the post intervention result showed decrease in Total problem score as well as in Total frequency score.

Conclusion: The study concluded that continuous structured direct oral motor work as well as addressing parental concerns via home programs is helpful for the ASD children and gives better understanding of feeding difficulties to their parents. Also, some changes have been seen in oral motor skills through continuous practice of oral motor activities by the therapist.
Varimax Rotated Principal Component Analysis of Productive Traits in Nigeria Indigenous Cattle Raised under Semi-Intensive Management System
Authors: Bunjah Umar D. S. , Okeke R. O. , Nwanmmo A. C. , Bello M. O. , Allen O. G. , Adeniyi O. O. , Madu J. M. , Panshak L. N. , Allen D. M.
Published: October 2021

The objectives of this study were to quantify the production traits using principal component analysis in Bunaji and Gudali cattle. Morphological traits of Body weight (Kg); BL: Body Length (Cm); HW: Height at withers (cm); CW: Chest width (cm); HG: Heart Girth (cm); Rumwi: Rump width (cm); TL: Teat Length (cm); RUH: Rear Udder Height (cm); UC: Udder Circumference (cm) and lactation traits of TY: Total Yield (Litres); ADY: Average Daily Yield (Litres/day) and LL: Lactation Length (days) were measured. To find the traits that were clustered together, data were fed to the principal component matrix of J.M.P genomics statistical software. In general, communalities varied from 0.32 to 0.91, and the proportion of variance accounted for by variables was 48 percent Bunaji, 0.31 to 0.99 for communalities, and 58 percent in Gudali cows. The information on principal component analysis will facilitate their efficient use in breeding programs for genetic gain and genetic improvement programs in indigenous Nigeria cattle.
Physical Training as a Blood Pressure Reducer and a Remodeler of Cardiac Fibers in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR)
Authors: Mauad Cintra Mariana Molinar , Ribeiro Bizuti Matheus , Barbosa Neto Octávio , Antônia dos Reis Marlene , Rocha Lenaldo Branco , Resende e Silva Débora Tavares de
Published: October 2021

Background: Hypertension is the most prevalent of all cardiovascular diseases, reaching target organs such as the heart. Blood pressure control is critical for preventing organ damage induced by hypertension.

Objective: To analyze blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular thickness, the percentage of cardiac fibrosis and the percentage of type III collagen in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) submitted to swimming physical training.

Methods: The experimental groups were composed of male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats (309-311g), which were divided into: 1) Normotensive Sedentary group (SN) (n = 6); 2) Trained Normotensive group (TN) (n = 6); 3) Sedentary Hypertensive group (SH) (n = 6); 4) Trained Hypertensive group (TH) (n = 6). After the end of the protocol, the animals were initially anesthetized to measure blood pressure.

Results: Physical training was responsible for decreasing blood pressure (F = 16,968; p <0.001) and heart rate (F = 10.710; p = 0.004) in the trained groups (normotensive and hypertensive). Moreover, training was responsible for providing an increase in the thickness of the left ventricle (F = 7,254; p = 0.014) and a reduction in the percentage of cardiac fibrosis (F = 16,081; p <0.001). Furthermore, it was observed that the trained group had lower values of type III collagen (F = 13,166; p = 0.002).

Conclusions: Physical swimming training triggered a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate, the percentage of fibrosis and the percentage of type III collagen. In addition, there was also a cardiac remodeling due to the increase in left ventricular hypertrophy.
Effects of Extrusion Conditions on Physical Properties of Sorghum Based Extruded Products
Authors: Naveena Byreddy , Singh Mohan
Published: October 2021

Extrusion cooking is a high temperature short time multivariable unit operation. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effect of feed parameters i.e., feed moisture (8-16%), blend ratio of sorghum:barley:bengal gram, (70:15:15 to 50:35:15) and machine parameters of twin screw extruder i.e., barrel temperature (120-200oC) and screw speed (120-200 rpm) on physical properties of extrudates i.e., mass flow rate, bulk density and moisture content. The results showed that maximum mass flow rate (0.974 g/s) was observed with the blend ratio 60:25:15, having 8 percent moisture (w.b) extruded at 160oC barrel temperature and a screw speed of 160 rpm. The bulk density of extrudates was found minimum (0.08 g/cc) at 10% moisture content, 65:20:15 blend ratio, 180oC barrel temperature and 180 rpm screw speed and the moisture content of extrudates was found minimum (4.74%) at 10% moisture content, 55:30:15 blend ratio, 180oC barrel temperature and 140 rpm screw speed.
Mycoflora Associated with Phylloplane and Rhizosphere of Aloe vera and their Effect on Plant Growth Parameters
Authors: Kumari Mina , Jha P. K.
Published: October 2021

The present investigation was conducted to study the spectrum of mycoflora associated with phylloplane and rhizosphere of Aloe vera and to assess their effect on plant growth parameters and antagonistic activity against the C. gloeosporioides causing black spot disease in Aloe vera. During the study total 15 mycoflora belonging to ten genera were isolated from Aloe vera plant by leaf washing technique from phylloplane and serial dilution from rhizosphere soil. Among these, fungal species belonging to the genera of Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Penicillium was found to be more abundant. In course of study some of mycoflora associated with phylloplane and rhizosphere of Aloe vera were found to exert plant growth promoting effect and also exhibited strong antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
Construction of a Highly Sensitive Thiol‐Reactive AIEgen‐Peptide Conjugate for Monitoring Protein Unfolding and Aggregation in Cells
Authors: Sabouri Soheila , Liu Mengjie , Zhang Shouxiang , Yao Bicheng , Soleimaninejad Hamid , Baxter Amy A. , Armendariz‐Vidales Georgina , Subedi Pramod , Duan Chong , Lou Xiaoding , Hogan Conor F. , Heras Begoña , Poon Ivan K. H. , Hong Yuning
Published: October 2021

Impairment of the protein quality control network leads to the accumulation of unfolded and aggregated proteins. Direct detection of unfolded protein accumulation in the cells may provide the possibility for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Here a new platform based on a peptide‐conjugated thiol‐reactive aggregation‐induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen), named MI‐BTD‐P (or D1), for labeling and tracking unfolded proteins in cells is reported. In vitro experiments with model proteins show that the non‐fluorescent D1 only becomes highly fluorescent when reacted with the thiol group of free cysteine (Cys) residues on unfolded proteins but not glutathione or folded proteins with buried or surface exposed Cys. When the labeled unfolded proteins form aggregates, D1 fluorescence intensity is further increased, and fluorescence lifetime is prolonged. D1 is then used to measure unfolded protein loads in cells by flow cytometry and track the aggregate formation of the D1 labeled unfolded proteins using confocal microscopy. In combination with fluorescence lifetime imaging technique, the proteome at different folding statuses can be better differentiated, demonstrating the versatility of this new platform. The rational design of D1 demonstrates the outlook of incorporation of diverse functional groups to achieve maximal sensitivity and selectivity in biological samples.
Anti‐Counterfeiting White Light Printed Image Multiplexing by Fast Nanosecond Laser Processing
Authors: Dalloz Nicolas , Le Van Doan , Hebert Mathieu , Eles Balint , Flores Figueroa Manuel A. , Hubert Christophe , Ma Hongfeng , Sharma Nipun , Vocanson Francis , Ayala Stéphane , Destouches Nathalie
Published: October 2021

Passive plasmonic metasurfaces enable image multiplexing by displaying different images when altering the conditions of observation. Under white light, three‐image multiplexing with polarization‐selective switching has been recently demonstrated using femtosecond‐laser‐processed random plasmonic metasurfaces. Here, the implementation of image multiplexing is extended, thanks to a color‐search algorithm, to various observation modes compatible with naked‐eye observation under incoherent white light and to four‐image multiplexing under polarized light. The laser‐processed random plasmonic metasurfaces enabling image multiplexing exhibit self‐organized patterns that can diffract light or induce dichroism through hybridization between the localized surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles and a lattice resonance. Improved spatial resolution makes the image quality compatible with commercial use in secured documents as well as the processing time and cost thanks to the use of a nanosecond laser. This high‐speed and flexible laser process, based on energy‐efficient nanoparticle reshaping and self‐organization, produces centimeter‐scale customized tamper‐proof images at low cost, which can serve as overt security features.
Brain energy failure in dementia syndromes: Opportunities and challenges for glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists
Authors: Yassine Hussein N. , Solomon Victoria , Thakral Angad , Sheikh‐Bahaei Nasim , Chui Helena C. , Braskie Meredith N. , Schneider Lon. S. , Talbot Konrad
Published: October 2021

Medications for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) offer a promising path for discovery and development of effective interventions for dementia syndromes. A common feature of dementia syndromes is an energy failure due to reduced energy supply to neurons and is associated with synaptic loss and results in cognitive decline and behavioral changes. Among diabetes medications, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists (RAs) promote protective effects on vascular, microglial, and neuronal functions. In this review, we present evidence from animal models, imaging studies, and clinical trials that support developing GLP‐1 RAs for dementia syndromes. The review examines how changes in brain energy metabolism differ in conditions of insulin resistance and T2DM from dementia and underscores the challenges that arise from the heterogeneity of dementia syndromes. The development of GLP‐1 RAs as dementia therapies requires a deeper understanding of the regional changes in brain energy homeostasis guided by novel imaging biomarkers.
Electrochemical technologies for per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances mitigation in drinking water and water treatment residuals
Authors: Ryan Donald R. , Mayer Brooke K. , Baldus Claire K. , McBeath Sean T. , Wang Yin , McNamara Patrick J.
Published: October 2021

Water treatment technologies are needed that can convert per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into inorganic products (e.g., CO2, F−) that are less toxic than parent PFAS compounds. Research on electrochemical treatment processes such as electrocoagulation and electrooxidation has demonstrated proof‐of‐concept PFAS removal and destruction. However, research has primarily been conducted in laboratory matrices that are electrochemically favorable (e.g., high initial PFAS concentration [μg/L–mg/L], high conductivity, and absence of oxidant scavengers). Electrochemical treatment is also a promising technology for treating PFAS in water treatment residuals from nondestructive technologies (e.g., ion exchange, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis). Future electrochemical PFAS treatment research should focus on environmentally relevant PFAS concentrations (i.e., ng/L), matrix conductivity, natural organic matter impacts, short‐chain PFAS removal, transformation products analysis, and systems‐level analysis for cost evaluation.

Article Impact Statement

Electrochemical treatment is capable of destroying per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances, but future research should reflect more realistic drinking water sources.
Tailoring Preferential Orientation in BaTiO3‐based Thin Films from Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition
Authors: Bakken Kristine , Blichfeld Anders B. , Nylund Inger‐Emma , Chernyshov Dmitry , Glaum Julia , Grande Tor , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann
Published: October 2021

Ferroelectric properties of thin films can be enhanced by crystallographic texture. In this work, we report on how heat treatment of films can be designed to tailor the degree of preferential orientation in BaTiO3‐based thin films from aqueous chemical solution deposition. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction in combination with Rietveld refinements was used to study the crystallization process of films from a single deposition and to give an in‐depth characterization of the crystallographic texture of the films. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to evaluate the microstructure and degree of preferred orientation in thicker films from multiple depositions. Texture was induced in the multilayer films by a repeated annealing process. Cube‐on‐cube growth was demonstrated to occur in both single and multi‐layered films provided the heating program was designed to give limited nucleation and growth below the threshold for where cube‐on‐cube growth is favoured, resulting in a very high degree of preferred orientation. The cube‐on‐cube grown films were relaxed with respect to the lattice unit cell mismatch between the film and the substrate, where the relaxation of stress depends on the film thickness. Texture and cube‐on‐cube growth were demonstrated on several types of single‐crystal oxide substrates. Calcium and zirconium substitution did not alter the crystallization process, but zirconium slowed down the texture formation kinetics. The ferroelectric response was strongest in the films with a high degree of preferred orientation.
Model responses to CO2 and warming are underestimated without explicit representation of Arctic small‐mammal grazing
Authors: Rastetter Edward B. , Griffin Kevin L. , Rowe Rebecca J. , Gough Laura , McLaren Jennie R. , Boelman Natalie T.
Published: October 2021

We use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how “explicitly representing grazers” vs. “having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model” alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer‐mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate compared with the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small‐mammal grazers in a tundra as an example and find that the typical three‐to‐four‐year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small‐mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change, relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.