bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NATUREZA JURÍDICA DA ARBITRAGEM E SUA COMPATIBILIDADE COM OS CONFLITOS POTENCIALMENTE EXISTENTES NO PODER EXECUTIVO
Authors: Spengler Fabiana Marion , Lucena Hipólito Domenech
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo tem por propósito prospectar causas administrativas que, apesar de não constituírem em sua essência direitos patrimoniais disponíveis, são aptos a gerar conflitos que, mediatamente, possuem caráter financeiro passível de ser avaliado por meio da via arbitral. Convergente com essa ideia, perfaz-se primordial o estudo da natureza jurídica da arbitragem e da compreensão existente em torno da disponibilidade de direitos patrimoniais, encartada no texto da Lei n° 9.307/96. Nesse sentido, cabe avaliar ainda os efeitos mediatos das causas administrativas, para que dessa forma se possa verificar eventuais efeitos financeiros que delas possam advir. O problema de pesquisa a ser respondido por intermédio do texto é: “Os conflitos identificáveis na administração pública possuem coincidência com a natureza jurídica verificada na arbitragem?”. Para realizar a pesquisa utilizou-se o método dedutivo e dentre os procedimentos técnicos existentes, optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. No que pertine ao resultado e conclusões obtidos, percebe-se que há um terreno fértil para discussões em nível acadêmico e doutrinário, que podem ser mitigadas mediante uma aplicação, devidamente direcionada, de conteúdo legislativo já existente e de comprovada eficiência.
PROCESSOS ESTRUTURAIS NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO: É PRECISO UMA LEGISLAÇÃO REGULAMENTADORA?
Authors: Casimiro Matheus , Peixoto da Cunha França Eduarda , Fernanda Bitencourt Nóbrega Flavianne
Published: November 2023

Desde 2015, após o ajuizamento da ADPF 347, os processos estruturais vêm sendo alvo de discussão pela doutrina brasileira. Para além disso, na prática, esses processos já são utilizados por agentes do sistema de justiça, que se deparam diariamente com quadros de violações massivas e reiteradas a direitos fundamentais, demandando, portanto, soluções que sejam capazes de quebrar com o ciclo de falhas sistêmicas. Apesar de sua utilização já ocorrer, não existe uma lei específica regulamentando os processos estruturais. O presente estudo, nesse sentido, tem o objetivo de investigar fundamentos normativos, na atual legislação brasileira, que justifiquem esse tipo de processo. Utiliza-se o método hipotético-dedutivo e pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico-documental. Em sede de conclusões, constata-se que, atualmente, existem fundamentos normativos para os processos estruturais. Além disso, são apresentadas algumas diretrizes que podem contribuir com uma regulamentação legislativa do tema.
OS DESAFIOS DA VALORAÇÃO DA PROVA NO SISTEMA PROCESSUAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Cambi Eduardo , Munaro Marcos Vinícius Tombini
Published: November 2023

No direito processual probatório, não há nada expresso e transparente no sentido de como realizar a valoração da prova. É preciso desenvolver um sistema que apresente soluções sobre os graus de suficiência para as decisões judiciais serem consideradas racionais e válidas. Discutir os standards de prova pode ser um caminho para buscar melhor exatidão na tentativa de construir padrões de suficiência ou insuficiência probatória. Eles funcionam como um mecanismo de quantidade mínima de elementos para se entender judicialmente confirmada ou rejeitada as alegações principais invocadas no processo. Em outras palavras, seria uma forma de prévia delimitação de regras para se valorar o acolhimento ou afastamento de fatos ocorridos no passado, o que ajudaria na definição de provas devem preponderar em detrimento de outras e qual seria o importe mínimo suficiente para justificar o resultado aplicado à solução do caso concreto. A ausência de uma construção científica racional válida gera instabilidade tanto para as partes quanto para a definição dos precedentes judiciais, causando incertezas quanto aos critérios para considerar (in)suficiente uma prova e qual grau valorativo ela merece na solução do caso concreto. O aperfeiçoamento da técnica processual objetiva assegurar as garantias fundamentais do devido processo ético e legal, do contraditório e da ampla defesa, com vistas a reduzir as inseguranças jurídicas e, ao mesmo tempo, ampliar a transparência e a previsibilidade das decisões judiciais. Por esta razão, é preciso pensar em standards de prova como critérios de valoração probatória a fim de se buscar padrões mínimos suficientes para justificar o resultado racional da decisão judicial. A fixação adequada e a reiterada utilização judicial de critérios objetivos de valoração da prova favorece a consolidação da jurisprudência e fomenta comportamentos humanos que podem contribuir para as transformações sociais. Também ajuda a promover o modelo colaborativo de processo e incentivar a adoção de técnicas processuais voltadas à ampliação da democracia e à melhoria das instituições que integram o sistema de justiça.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A RELATIVIZAÇÃO DA COISA JULGADA: A AÇÃO RESCISÓRIA COMO MEIO LEGÍTIMO PARA IMPUGNAR SENTENÇAS FUNDADAS EM ORIENTAÇÕES DECLARADAS INCONSTITUCIONAIS PELO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL
Authors: Dalla Humberto , Marcello Gonçalves Mariotini Fabiana
Published: November 2023

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo central revisitar discussões que gravitam em torno da coisa julgada, mormente aquelas atinentes à possibilidade de desconsideração do instituto em decorrência de inconstitucionalidade declarada a posteriori pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Levando em consideração discussões recentes que ganharam pauta após nova decisão proferida pela Corte, a qual deu ensejo aos temas n. 881 e 885, torna-se premente a revisitação de aspectos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais controvertidos. Será utilizado como procedimento de investigação a revisão bibliográfica e a investigação jurisprudencial, com consulta à doutrina e decisões proferidas pelo STF acerca da matéria objeto da pesquisa. Por sua vez, o método de pesquisa utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo, buscando-se demonstrar que a correlação “inconstitucionalidade e desconsideração da coisa julgada previamente formada” não é adequada. Quanto aos resultados da pesquisa, tem-se que a relativização não é meio apto a corrigir decisões judiciais prévias, sendo inconveniente o afastamento da coisa julgada após mudanças de posicionamento insertas em declarações de inconstitucionalidade emanadas pelo STF. Desse modo, a ação rescisória emerge como o mecanismo legitimamente aceito para que se promova o afastamento da coisa julgada, respeitados os balizamentos legais existentes. Ainda assim, é importante registrar neste breve introito que análises incidentes sobre decisões proferidas pelo STF, as quais versem sobre a desconsideração da coisa julgada, precisam, antes de mais nada, promover a diferenciação entre o fenômeno da relativização propriamente dito e a coisa julgada formada em sentenças que tratem de relações continuativas. É possível ser contrário ao fenômeno relativista e, ao mesmo tempo, entender que sentenças determinativas gozam de tratamento diferenciado nos termos da lei processual civil. Todos esses aspectos serão detidamente analisados no decorrer deste artigo.
A DECISÃO INTERLOCUTÓRIA EM CAPÍTULOS E AS DIFERENTES OPÇÕES DE RECORRIBILIDADE: ENTRE AGRAVO DE INSTRUMENTO, APELAÇÃO OU INTERPOSIÇÃO CONJUNTA
Authors: Silva Lemos Vinicius
Published: November 2023

Este artigo versa sobre a decisão interlocutória e a possibilidade de sua complexidade objetiva, com a decisão, internamente, enfrentando diferentes matérias, organizando-se em capítulos decisórios. É plenamente possível e comum que uma decisão interlocutória verse sobre diversos pontos e requerimento, com diversas decisões internas, ainda que seja somente uma decisão interlocutória, em termos formais. Esse é o ponto estudado, a princípio, como complexidade objetiva da decisão interlocutória. Depois do entendimento sobre essa complexidade, o recorte a ser pesquisado e estudado está na recorribilidade das decisões interlocutórias objetivamente complexos e a análise de cada pluralidade decisória, com o detalhamento das variações de recorribilidade na fase de conhecimento, com o enfrentamento sobre as possibilidades existentes, uma vez que as decisões interlocutórias são recorríveis nesta fase por agravo de instrumento ou apelação, dependendo da inserção, ou não, no rol do art. 1.015 do CPC. Diante disso, uma decisão interlocutória objetivamente complexa, na fase de conhecimento, causa dúvidas sobre a sua recorribilidade, dependendo da análise de suas decisões internas e o diálogo com os recursos, tanto o agravo de instrumento quanto a apelação. A partir da prolação de cisão interlocutória objetivamente complexa, com base nessa complexidade, o trabalho separou 4 (quatro) situações entre a decisão interlocutória complexa e a sua recorribilidade: (i) o agravo de instrumento alcança todas as decisões internas do mesmo ato formal; (ii) o agravo de instrumento impugna a parcela agravável da decisão e as demais aguardam o momento da apelação; (iii) as duas possibilidades recursais diante de uma decisão não agravável que se pretende utilizar a taxatividade mitigada – primeiro o agravo de instrumento e depois, caso não tenha êxito no conhecimento recursal, a apelação; (iv) a interposição de um só agravo de instrumento, mas com capítulos diferentes, um pela recorribilidade estabelecida em lei e o outro com a inserção da taxatividade mitigada. E, ainda, a pesquisa relaciona essas possibilidades com o princípio da singularidade ou unirrecorribilidade, as interfaces de interposição conjunta de agravo de instrumento e apelação, ainda que em momentos distintos. Diante da pesquisa realizada, com a metodologia dedutiva, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, a conclusão está voltada para a complexidade da decisão interlocutória e a possibilidade de 4 (quatro) recorribilidades diversas.
Health promotion for vitamin use in children under 5 years
Authors: Boddy Bethany
Published: November 2023

There is an increasing understanding of the importance of vitamins and minerals for the health and development of the population. Bethany Boddy looks at the evidence base for health promotion in children under the age of 5 years
Improved and Easy-to-implement HFSS-MATLAB Interface without VBA Scripts: An Insightful Application to the Numerical Design of Patch Antennas
Authors: Giannetti Giacomo
Published: November 2023

An improved and easy-to-implement HFSS-MATLAB interface is presented. Because the interface is realized without the use of VBA scripts, it is easier to implement for beginners and practitioners. This advantage allows more dissemination of the code in the HFSS community. The interface is applied to the numerical design of a patch antenna, showing the capabilities it enables. Practical details about the implementation are provided, enabling the reader to implement the interface on their own.
Producing a Filipino American Identity in the Sunbelt South
Authors: Idaikkadar Audrey
Published: November 2023

Abstract: In the 1970s and 1980s, professional Filipino Americans constructed their community identity in public festivals and spectacles that proclaimed the international status of Atlanta. They established an ethnic association and marched in the WSB Salute 2 America Fourth of July Parade. Parade organizers and city boosters declared that Atlanta was an international hub, a proclamation that entailed distancing itself from images of the Confederacy and racial hatred. To contest their racialization, Filipino Americans presented the complexity of their emerging ethnic identity in celebrations that professed Atlanta’s racial and economic progressiveness and putative status as the “world’s next great city.”
Between Science and Sorcery: Reimagining Human and Animal Relationality in George Sand's La Petite Fadette
Authors: Powers Leah
Published: November 2023

Abstract: In La Petite Fadette , one of George Sand's romans champêtres , the relationship that Fadette shares with the natural world is rooted in ancestral, embodied knowledge as well as close attention and observation. These relationships demonstrate connection and reciprocity which defies the common ideology of the time that positioned humans as superior to the nonhuman world. The present project argues that throughout the novel, Fadette is able to pass along her unique worldview to Landry, which changes his relationships to the nonhuman worlds. On the other hand, Sylvinet fails to take in Fadette's teachings, which ultimately harms the nonhuman world around him and contributes to his inability to find companionship. This essay demonstrates how the relationships between the human characters and the animal world significantly shape one's understanding of the novel and give a fuller picture of Sand's social and political aims.
"Confidences épistolaires de la Vénus publique": Real-time Communication, Voyeuristic Reading, and Social Media's Erotic Pre-History in the Petite Correspondance
Authors: Frydman Hannah
Published: November 2023

Abstract: In 1875, Parisian daily Le Figaro introduced a personal advertising column called the petite correspondance , which allowed people to write to each other using the newspaper as mediator, avoiding home addresses and the watchful parents or spouses who lived at them. The often-amorous exchanges this facilitated, some fictional (commissioned by the newspaper to entice readers), some real, drew on older forms, such as epistolary novels. In this way, they catered to readers' established taste for voyeurism while drawing them into a new erotic temporality, as these notes were simultaneously exchanged and voyeuristically read. Created in the very years that witnessed the conception of laws granting press freedom and setting the stage for a redefinition of "pornography," the section brought together press and sexuality in novel ways, laying the groundwork for the forms of voyeuristic reading and exhibitionist living we—through social media—are steeped in today.
The Language of Táng Poetry as Entryway into the Spoken Language of the Táng: A Preliminary Exploration
Authors: Simmons Richard VanNess
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This study examines features of the living colloquial language of the Táng Dynasty as found to be reflected in Táng poetry. The operating postulate for this study is that Táng poetry and its prosody had a strong orality, and hence also had a connection to the spoken language that went beyond the formulaic and codified system of Middle Chinese phonology. A corollary to this postulate is that across and between regional varieties, or dialects, of the Táng spoken language there also was a prestige koine, that had evolved out of those spoken dialects and that had wide currency in the Táng empire. Within that linguistic environment, colloquial elements are found in Táng poems that fall outside the received phonology or that comprise words not found in Chinese prior to the Táng. These colloquial elements are of particular utility in characterizing the colloquial and regional nature of the Táng language. Such colloquial forms can be uncovered, for example, where a syllable is found in an unexpected tone category in order to fit a poem's expected prosody. This study considers examples of these kinds of unexpected forms that are identified in passages cited by Jiǎng Shàoyú 蒋绍愚 in his 1990 study, Tángshī yǔyán yánjiū 唐诗语言研究. The examination finds that while Táng prosody is more closely reflected in the modern southern dialects, colloquial words and elements that made their way into poetry in Táng times more commonly originated in the regional northern dialects of the period, or in the Táng koine, or in both. Finally, two appendices are included following the main body of this study. The first is a detailed and annotated translation of a short passage discussing tone variants in Táng poety in Jiǎng Shàoyú 1990. The second is a brief outline of Táng poetic prosody that provides some background to the issues of tone that underly the analysis.
Non-integer-oversampling digital signal processing for coherent passive optical networks
Authors: Wang Haide , Zhou Ji , Yang Jinyang , Zeng Jianrui , Liu Weiping , Yu Changyuan , Li Fan , Li Zhaohui
Published: November 2023

Beyond 100G passive optical networks (PONs) will be required to meet the ever-increasing traffic demand in the future. Coherent optical technologies are the competitive solutions for the future beyond 100G PON but also face challenges such as the high computational complexity of digital signal processing (DSP). A high oversampling rate in coherent optical technologies results in the high computational complexity of DSP. Therefore, DSP running in a non-integer-oversampling below 2 samples-per-symbol (sps) is preferred, which can not only reduce computational complexity but also obviously lower the requirement for the analog-to-digital converter. In this paper, we propose non-integer-oversampling DSP for meeting the requirements of coherent PON. Complexities of complex-valued multiplication of the proposed DSP working at 9/8-sps and 5/4-sps oversampling rates can be reduced by 44.04% and 40.78% compared to that working at the 2-sps oversampling rate, respectively. A 400-Gb/s-net-rate coherent PON based on digital subcarrier multiplexing was demonstrated to verify the feasibility of non-integer-oversampling DSP. There is almost no penalty on the receiver sensitivity when non-integer-oversampling DSP is adopted. In conclusion, non-integer-oversampling DSP shows great potential in the future coherent PON.
Improving the accuracy of QoT estimation with insertion loss distribution evaluation for C + L band transmission systems
Authors: Zhou Jing , Lu Jianing , Yu Changyuan
Published: November 2023

The accuracy of quality of transmission (QoT) estimation is crucial for software-defined optical networks (SDONs), where network planning and system management of the centralized controller depend on reliable performance evaluation. The insertion loss (IL) commonly exists along the light path between the transmitter side (Tx) and the receiver side (Rx) in fiber optical transmission systems, and the IL values vary for each connector and pigtail. In the case of C+L band transmission systems that are about to be deployed on a large scale, in the presence of severe stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), IL further influences the launch power profile (LPP) as well as the noise spectrum, and the process in the QoT estimation will be disturbed without available IL values. Therefore, there is a great need for an accurate calculation method of IL distribution. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate IL distribution in fiber optical transmission links to improve the accuracy of QoT estimation based on the SRS effect. The results demonstrate that, compared with other common methods, our proposed method greatly improves the accuracy of QoT estimation for C+L band transmission systems with accurate IL distribution evaluation. The high accuracy, robustness, and ability to adapt dynamic conditions make our proposed method a promising QoT estimation scheme in practical C+L band fiber optical communication systems.
Determination of the refractive-index change in the excited state based on transient absorption microscopy
Authors: Huo Tianyu , Yan Lihe , Si Jinhai , Ma Peipei , Shen Yanan , Hou Xun
Published: November 2023

Photoinduced excited-state carriers can affect both the absorption coefficient and refractive index of materials and influence the performance of photoelectric devices. Femtosecond time-resolved pump–probe transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is usually used to detect carrier dynamics and excited-state absorption coefficients; however, measurements of transient refractive-index change are still difficult. We propose a method for determining the excited-state refractive-index change using TA microscopy. In TA measurements, a Fabry–Pérot cavity formed by the front and back surfaces of the sample could lead to interference of the probe light. As the wavelength of standing waves in the Fabry–Pérot cavity is closely related to the refractive index, the carrier-induced excited-state refractive-index change was obtained by comparing the transmission probe spectra between the ground and excited states. The proposed method was used to study the dynamics of excited-state refractive-index change in a perovskite film.
High-order exciton complexes induced by an interlayer carrier transfer in 2D van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Sui Yizhen , Cheng Xiangai , Liu Qirui , Tang Yuxiang , Xu Zhongjie , Wei Ke
Published: November 2023

High-order correlated excitonic states, such as biexciton, charged biexciton, and polaron, hold a promising platform in contemporary quantum and nonlinear optics due to their large Bohr radii and thus strong nonlinear interactions. The recently found 2D TMDs further give such excitonic states additional valley properties, with bound state of excitons in opposite valleys in momentum spaces. Despite great efforts that have been made on emission properties of excitonic states, their absorption features, especially the ultrafast absorption dynamics, are rarely reported. Here, we reported the enhanced optical absorption of the high-order charged-excitonic states in monolayer WS2, including singlet, triplet, and semidark trions (3-particle state), and charged biexcitons (5-particle state), by utilizing the interlayer charge transfer-induced photo-doping effect in the graphene-WS2 heterostructure. Depending on recombination rates of doping electrons, absorption intensities of charged complexes exhibit ultrafast decay dynamics, with lifetimes of several picoseconds. Due to many-body interaction, both increasing pump intensity and lattice temperature can broaden these fine excitonic absorption peaks and even reverse the shape of the transient absorption spectrum.
Optical constants of germanium antimony telluride (GST) in amorphous, crystalline, and intermediate states
Authors: Frantz Jesse A. , Myers Jason D. , Clabeau Anthony , Bekele Robel Y. , Hong Nina , Vincenti Maria A. , Gandolfi Marco , Sanghera Jasbinder S.
Published: November 2023

The optical constants of germanium antimony telluride (GST), measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), for the spectral range of 350-30,000 nm are presented. Thin films of GST with composition Ge2Sb2Te5 are prepared by sputtering. As-deposited samples are amorphous, and when heated above the phase transition temperature near 150 °C, films undergo an amorphous to face-centered cubic crystalline phase transition. The optical constants and thicknesses of amorphous and crystalline GST films are determined from multi-angle SE measurements, applying a general oscillator model in both cases. Then, in order to evaluate the optical constants at intermediate states throughout the phase transition, GST films are heated in situ on a temperature stage, and single-angle SE measurements are carried out at discrete temperature steps in a range from 120–158 °C. It is shown that ellipsometric data for partially crystallized states can be fit by treating the GST as an effective medium consisting of its amorphous and crystalline states. Its optical constants, fractional crystallinity, and thickness can be determined at intermediate crystallization states throughout the phase transition. As a practical demonstration of the usefulness of this method, samples are held at fixed temperatures near the transition temperature, and SE is performed periodically. The fraction of crystallinity is determined as a function of time, and an activation energy for the amorphous to crystalline phase transition is determined.
Mutual aid instead of mutual restraint: interactive probing for topological charge and phase of a vortex beam of large aberrations
Authors: Wu Shengyang , Yu Benli , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2023

An imperfect propagation environment or optical system would introduce wavefront aberrations to vortex beams. The phase aberrations and orbital angular momentum in a vortex beam are proved to be mutually restrictive in parameter measurement. Aberrations make traditional topological charge (TC) probing methods ineffective while the phase singularity makes phase retrieval difficult due to the aliasing between the wrapped phase jump and the vortex phase jump. An interactive probing method is proposed to make measurements of the aberrated phase and orbital angular momentum in a vortex beam assist rather than hinder each other. The phase unwrapping is liberated from the phase singularity by an annular shearing interference technique while the TC value is determined by a Moiré technique immune to aberrations. Simulation and experimental results proving the method effective are presented. It is of great significance to judge the characteristics of vortex beams passing through non-ideal environments and optical systems.
Accuracy of Ex-vivo Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy in Margin Assessment of Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Au Matthew , Almeida-Magana Ricardo , Al-Hammouri Tarek , Haider Aiman , Shaw Greg
Published: November 2023

Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is a novel technology that enables rapid high-resolution digital imaging of non-formalin-fixed tissue specimens and offers real-time positive surgical margin identification. In this systematic review, we evaluated the accuracy metrics of ex vivo FCM for intraoperative margin assessment of different tumor types. A systematic search of MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed for relevant papers (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022372558). We included 14 studies evaluating four types of microscopes in six different tumor types, including breast, prostate, central nervous system, kidney, bladder, and conjunctival tumors. Using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool, we identified a high risk of bias in patient selection (21%) and index test (36%) of the included studies. Overall, we found that FCM has good accuracy metrics in all tumor types, with high sensitivity and specificity (>80%) and almost perfect concordance (>90%) against final pathology results. Despite these promising findings, the quality of the available evidence and bias concerns highlight the need for adequately designed studies to further define the role of ex vivo FCM in replacing the frozen section as the tool of choice for intraoperative margin assessment:
Leveraging men’s education as an effective pathway for improving diet quality: Evidence from rural India
Authors: Sunder Naveen , Gupta Soumya , Pingali Prabhu L.
Published: November 2023

Investing in nutrition sensitive sectors such as education can be an effective strategy for combatting malnutrition. In this paper we analyze the role that men’s education plays in determining dietary diversity outcomes using primary data from 3600 households across four districts of India. Dietary diversity scores were calculated to reflect the quality of food intake, for households and women. Men’s education level was considered as the primary driver of diet diversity. To establish a causal link between men’s education and diet diversity, the education level of parents and siblings were used as instrumental variables. We find that men’s education levels are associated with significantly higher diet diversity scores both for the household and for women. The role of men’s education continues to be a significant determinant of diet quality after controlling for household and individual- level confounding factors including the education level of the woman. The results are consistent across different definitions of the diet diversity score and reference period. Methodologically we extend the evidence on the education–nutrition pathway from being associational to causal in nature. Results from this study point to the benefits of leveraging men’s education as an effective pathway for improving nutritional outcomes within households.
Is there an association between periodontal disease and root caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nazário Rayssa Maitê Farias , Frazão Deborah Ribeiro , Peinado Beatriz Rodrigues Risuenho , Ferreira Maria Karolina Martins , Ferreira Railson de Oliveira , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Fagundes Nathalia Carolina Fernandes , Vidigal Maria Tereza Campos , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Maia Lucianne Cople , Lima Rafael Rodrigues
Published: November 2023

Some periodontal diseases can be associated with cariogenic bacterial growth due to various oral health imbalances. This fact may be linked to a greater development of root caries. Thus, this systematic review analyzed the evidence on the association between periodontal disease and root caries. An electronic search was performed in five databases (Cochrane Library, LILACS, MedLine via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and two additional sources (Google Scholar and Open Grey) to partially capture the grey literature. The PECO strategy was used to identify prospective or retrospective observational studies assessing root caries in patients with periodontal disease without language or year publication restrictions. Two reviewers extracted data and evaluated the individual risk of bias in the eligible studies. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR). The risk of bias was assessed by the NIH tool, and the certainty of evidence was classified according to the GRADE tool. There were 1,725 studies retrieved, of which four met the eligibility criteria. All of them were evaluated for the control statements for possible confounders, bias consideration, and confounding factors because they had multivariate analysis. Adults with periodontal disease had a greater chance of presenting root caries than adults without, with OR 1.38 [CI 1.25, 1.53]. The certainty of evidence was classified as very low. Within the limits presented in this review, there was an association between periodontal disease and root caries, highlighted in the qualitative synthesis and the meta-analysis results.
Molecular signature to predict quality of life and survival with glioblastoma using Multiview omics model
Authors: Nassani Rayan , Bokhari Yahya , Alrfaei Bahauddeen M.
Published: November 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients show a variety of signs and symptoms that affect their quality of life (QOL) and self-dependence. Since most existing studies have examined prognostic factors based only on clinical factors, there is a need to consider the value of integrating multi-omics data including gene expression and proteomics with clinical data in identifying significant biomarkers for GBM prognosis. Our research aimed to isolate significant features that differentiate between short-term (≤ 6 months) and long-term (≥ 2 years) GBM survival, and between high Karnofsky performance scores (KPS ≥ 80) and low (KPS ≤ 60), using the iterative random forest (iRF) algorithm. Using the Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) database, we identified 35 molecular features composed of 19 genes and 16 proteins. Our findings propose molecular signatures for predicting GBM prognosis and will improve clinical decisions, GBM management, and drug development.
Root biomass and root morphological traits of three shrub species: Implications for the soil anti-scouring resistance of the ecological slope
Authors: Zhou Mingxin , Yan Guoyong , Li Yibo , Chen Di , Yan Chao , Wang Nan , Jia Chao , Wang Qinggui , Xing Yajuan
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine which shrub species will enhance soil anti-scouring resistance on an ecological slope. Root traits and soil anti-scouring resistance of three shrubs (Amorpha fruticosa Linn (AFL), Swida alba Opiz (SAO) and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz (LBT)) were measured. Results showed that root biomass and root morphological traits of three shrubs were significantly correlated with the soil anti-scouring resistance index. According to the composition characteristic values, root morphological traits among the three shrubs had a high contribution rate. Under two slopes and two rainfall conditions, when root biomass and root morphological traits (e.g., root length, root volume and root surface area) were identical, AFL had the highest soil anti-scouring resistance index. These results suggested that root biomass and morphological traits of AFL had more significant effects on soil anti-scouring resistance comparing with SAO and LBT. Therefore, in engineering practice, AFL with stronger soil anti-scouring resistance can be selected as slope plants.
Willingness to pay for antiretroviral therapy, viral load, and premium services; A contingent valuation survey of people living with HIV in southern Nigeria
Authors: Sanwo Olusola , Iyamu Ihoghosa , Idemudia Augustine , Badru Titilope , Ekponimo Sylvia , Oqua Dorothy , Makinde Olusesan A. , Aliyu Gambo G. , Kola-Jebutu Abimbola , Egwuagu-Pius Jemeh , Obiora-Okafo Chika , Bateganya Moses , Apera Iorwakwagh , Pandey Satish Raj , Khamofu Hadiza
Published: November 2023

Background

With stagnating funding for HIV and AIDS control programs in Nigeria, alternative funding models for antiretroviral therapy (ART) including out of pocket payment are being considered to sustain momentum epidemic control targets. We assessed willingness to pay for ART related services, and factors associated with willingness to pay.

Methods

Between July and August 2019, we conducted a survey among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART in 3 states in southern Nigeria. Randomly sampled respondents on ART for at least 6 months, aged ≥ 18 years, able to communicate in English or pidgin English, and consenting to the survey were enrolled. Respondents were asked if they were willing to pay for clinical consultation, antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), viral load testing services and premium ART services (including fast track services). Respondents indicating willingness to pay for any of these services were asked the maximum amount they were willing to pay using contingent valuation methodology. We assessed the weighted proportions of PLHIV on ART willing to pay for ART and used survey-featured logistic regression measures to assess sociodemographic and ART related factors associated with willingness to pay for ART services.

Results

Overall, 1,598 PLHIV with a mean age of 39.03 years (standard deviation [SD]: 11.23 years), were included in this analysis. Of these, 65.8% (1,079), 73.9% (1,192), 61.0% (995) and 33.6% (472) were willing to pay for ART consultation, ARVs, viral load testing services and premium ART services respectively. The median maximum amount PLHIV were willing to pay for clinical consultation and for ARVs was NGN1,000 (USD equivalent of $2.78; interquartile range [IQR]: 500–2,000) respectively, and NGN2,500 (USD equivalent of $6.94; IQR: NGN1,000–5,000) and NGN2,000 (USD equivalent of $5.56; IQR: NGN1,000–3,000) for viral load testing and premium ART services respectively. Receiving ART in Lagos state, being employed and having a monthly income of NGN100,000 or more was associated with willingness to pay for the various ART services.

Conclusion

We found generally high-level of willingness to pay for ART consultation, ARVs and viral load testing services but low willingness to pay for premium ART services among PLHIV on ART. The maximum amount PLHIV were willing to pay for various ART services fell short of benchmarks for alternative funding but can potentially supplement ART by funding differentiated service delivery models that require nominal amounts to facilitate person-centered differentiated service delivery models.
The impact of crowd effects on home advantage of football matches during the COVID-19 pandemic—A systematic review
Authors: Wang Sihang , Qin Yang
Published: November 2023

This review aimed to (1) analyze whether the home advantage was diminished; (2) investigate the impact of the crowds’ support on the match outcome and team performance; (3) explore the bias of the referee without crowds. Based on the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, this systematic review searched of literature was conducted in December 2022. The keywords related to soccer, COVID-19 and home advantage were used. The search returned 135 articles. After screening the records against set criteria, 28 articles were analyzed. Results showed that the absence of crowds would reduce the home advantage of teams, but the findings varied by country. Most leagues have evidence that without the support of the spectators, their technical, tactical and physical performances would be worse. The referee seems likely to be fairer when the spectators are absent. Therefore, crowd supports is an important factor affecting home advantage, the clubs can at least try to strengthen the home advantage and increase the winning possibility by encouraging spectators to enter the stadium or reducing the ticket price.
What motivates people to defend science: Evidence from the 2017 March for science
Authors: Campbell Eryn , Kotcher John , Myers Teresa , Cook John , Borth Amanda C. , Maibach Edward
Published: November 2023

The 2017 March for Science was an international march organized in response to concerns over the Trump administration’s misuse of science that drew unprecedented numbers of supporters as well as attention from the media, celebrities, and political figures. The March’s turnout and publicity begs the question: what motivates people to defend science? Using data from a survey of March for Science listserv members in the US, we used a structural equation model to test posited relationships between self- and collective response efficacy, perceived threat, anger, fear, and the intention to engage in advocacy to defend science. We found that each of these constructs were associated with the intention to engage in advocacy, illuminating the motivators that lead to this intention and how individuals may be activated to engage on behalf of science in the future. These insights have both theoretical and practical significance, as advocacy is integral for both supporting and advancing fact-based policy- and decision-making.
Public preference on sharing health data to inform research, health policy and clinical practice in Australia: A stated preference experiment
Authors: Varhol Richard J. , Norman Richard , Randall Sean , Man Ying Lee Crystal , Trevenen Luke , Boyd James H. , Robinson Suzanne
Published: November 2023

Objective

To investigate public willingness to share sensitive health information for research, health policy and clinical practice.

Methods

A total of 1,003 Australian respondents answered an online, attribute-driven, survey in which participants were asked to accept or reject hypothetical choice sets based on a willingness to share their health data for research and frontline-medical support as part of an integrated health system. The survey consisted of 5 attributes: Stakeholder access for analysis (Analysing group); Type of information collected; Purpose of data collection; Information governance; and Anticipated benefit; the results of which were analysed using logistic regression.

Results

When asked about their preference for sharing their health data, respondents had no preference between data collection for the purposes of clinical practice, health policy or research, with a slight preference for having government organisations manage, govern and curate the integrated datasets from which the analysis was being conducted. The least preferred option was for personal health records to be integrated with insurance records or for their data collected by privately owned corporate organisations. Individuals preferred their data to be analysed by a public healthcare provider or government staff and expressed a dislike for any private company involvement.

Conclusions

The findings from this study suggest that Australian consumers prefer to share their health data when there is government oversight, and have concerns about sharing their anonymised health data for clinical practice, health policy or research purposes unless clarity is provided pertaining to its intended purpose, limitations of use and restrictions to access. Similar findings have been observed in the limited set of existing international studies utilising a stated preference approach. Evident from this study, and supported by national and international research, is that the establishment and preservation of a social license for data linkage in health research will require routine public engagement as a result of continuously evolving technological advancements and fluctuating risk tolerance. Without more work to understand and address stakeholder concerns, consumers risk being reluctant to participate in data-sharing and linkage programmes.
Specialty detection in the context of telemedicine in a highly imbalanced multi-class distribution
Authors: Alomari Alaa , Faris Hossam , Castillo Pedro A.
Published: November 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the awareness of and demand for telemedicine services, resulting in a need for automating the process and relying on machine learning (ML) to reduce the operational load. This research proposes a specialty detection classifier based on a machine learning model to automate the process of detecting the correct specialty for each question and routing it to the correct doctor. The study focuses on handling multiclass and highly imbalanced datasets for Arabic medical questions, comparing some oversampling techniques, developing a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for specialty detection, and exploring the hidden business areas that rely on specialty detection such as customizing and personalizing the consultation flow for different specialties. The proposed module is deployed in both synchronous and asynchronous medical consultations to provide more real-time classification, minimize the doctor effort in addressing the correct specialty, and give the system more flexibility in customizing the medical consultation flow. The evaluation and assessment are based on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The experimental results suggest that combining multiple techniques, such as SMOTE and reweighing with keyword identification, is necessary to achieve improved performance in detecting rare classes in imbalanced multiclass datasets. By using these techniques, specialty detection models can more accurately detect rare classes in real-world scenarios where imbalanced data is common.
Infant pain vs. pain with parental suppression: Immediate and enduring impact on brain, pain and affect
Authors: Barr Gordon A. , Opendak Maya , Perry Rosemarie E. , Sarro Emma , Sullivan Regina M.
Published: November 2023

Background

In the short term, parental presence while a human infant is in pain buffers the immediate pain responses, although emerging evidence suggests repeated social buffering of pain may have untoward long-term effects.

Methods/finding

To explore the short- and long-term impacts of social buffering of pain, we first measured the infant rat pup’s [postnatal day (PN) 8, or 12] response to mild tail shock with the mother present compared to shock alone or no shock. Shock with the mother reduced pain-related behavioral activation and USVs of pups at both ages and reduced Fos expression in the periaqueductal gray, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and the amygdala at PN12 only. At PN12, shock with the mother compared to shock alone differentially regulated expression of several hundred genes related to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and neural development, whereas PN8 pups showed a less robust and less coherent expression pattern. In a second set of experiments, pups were exposed to daily repeated Shock-mother pairings (or controls) at PN5-9 or PN10-14 (during and after pain sensitive period, respectively) and long-term outcome assessed in adults. Shock+mother pairing at PN5-9 reduced adult carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and reduced Fos expression, but PN10-14 pairings had minimal impact. The effect of infant treatment on adult affective behavior showed a complex treatment by age dependent effect. Adult social behavior was decreased following Shock+mother pairings at both PN5-9 and PN10-14, whereas shock alone had no effect. Adult fear responses to a predator odor were decreased only by PN10-14 treatment and the infant Shock alone and Shock+mother did not differ.

Conclusions/significance

Overall, integrating these results into our understanding of long-term programming by repeated infant pain experiences, the data suggest that pain experienced within a social context impacts infant neurobehavioral responses and initiates an altered developmental trajectory of pain and affect processing that diverges from experiencing pain alone.
Effects of a 3-factor field intervention on numerical and geometric knowledge in preschool children
Authors: Taborda-Osorio Hernando , Otálora Yenny
Published: November 2023

The main aim of this study was to develop and test the effects of a field math intervention program on both number and geometry knowledge. The intervention was developed based on three basic skills previously associated with mathematical performance: symbolic number knowledge, mapping processes and spatial reasoning. The participants were 117 preschoolers from six schools in Cali and Bogotá. The children were assigned to an intervention group (N = 55) or a control group (N = 62). The intervention lasted 11 weeks with 3 sessions per week where the children participated in different game-based activities. Tests of numerical and geometric knowledge were administered before and after the intervention. The effects of the intervention were tested twice, immediately after the program ended and six months later. The results show that the children in the intervention group improved more than the control group in both number and geometry. The second posttest revealed a significant intervention effect for geometry, but not for numerical knowledge. The implications of these mixed patterns of results are discussed in the paper.
Rising food prices and poverty in Pakistan
Authors: Shabnam Nadia , Aurangzeb Neelam , Riaz Salma
Published: November 2023

An upsurge in global food prices in 2008 led to significantly higher food prices across the developing world. Global commodity prices have since declined but still remain volatile, but at the same time local food prices remain high in many countries. This study examines the potential impacts of the rise in food prices on poverty—income based poverty and calorie-based poverty- focusing on Pakistan, and its rural and urban areas. For this purpose, we used HIES data collected in three waves 2005–06, 2007–08 and 2010–11. Price elasticities are computed using binary Logistic regression method. The study results show that price of wheat, rice, milk, meat, fruit, pulses appear to distinguish the status of a household. Price elasticities shows that urban households are hit harder than rural households in calorie-poverty model. Overall, rising food prices are likely to lead higher poverty in Pakistan, as the negative impact on net consumers outweighs the benefits to producers. Therefore, effective strategy for eliminating poverty is far more concerned with price increases. Safety net programs can be more effective, but geographic targeting and other investments to strengthen safety nets are necessary to ensure that fewer people are affected by future crises. Government policies oriented towards relieving the food price pressure on the Pakistani poor should aim at lowering the prices of wheat, rice, eggs, oil, milk, and chicken.