bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coherent optical-microwave interface for manipulation of low-field electronic clock transitions in 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5
Authors: Nicolas L. , Businger M. , Sanchez Mejia T. , Tiranov A. , Chanelière T. , Lafitte-Houssat E. , Ferrier A. , Goldner P. , Afzelius M.
Published: March 2023

The coherent interaction of solid-state spins with both optical and microwave fields provides a platform for a range of quantum technologies, such as quantum sensing, microwave-to-optical quantum transduction and optical quantum memories. Rare-earth ions with electronic spins are interesting in this context. In this work, we use a loop-gap microwave resonator to coherently drive optical and microwave clock transitions simultaneously in a 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5 crystal, achieving a Rabi frequency of 0.56 MHz at 2.497 GHz over a 1-cm long crystal. Furthermore, we provide insights into the spin dephasing at very low fields, showing that superhyperfine-induced collapse of the Hahn echo plays an important role. Our calculations and measurements reveal that the effective magnetic moment can be manipulated in 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5, which suppresses the superhyperfine interaction at the clock transition. At a doping concentration of 2 ppm and 3.4 K, we achieve spin coherence time of 10.0 ± 0.4 ms.
Tunable nanostructured stainless-steel coating for high-selective and high-permeable separation membranes for oil/water emulsions
Authors: Yeh Yi-Jui , Chu Jinn P. , You Jhen-De , Chang Ting-Hao , Liou Jr Rong , Chiang Wei-Hung , Yiu Pakman , Hsueh Chun-Hway , Shen Yu-Lin , Tung Kuo-Lun
Published: March 2023

This paper demonstrates a stainless-steel (SS) nano-pyramid structure (diameter of ~20–50 nm and pore size of 156.1 nm) sputter-coated on mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membrane for the use in separation of oil/water emulsions. SS-coated MCE membrane presented a superhydrophilic, antifouling surface as well as underwater superoleophobicity. The coated membrane achieved excellent separation efficiency of >99% when applied to light oil-water emulsions with a range of viscosities and densities. The highest permeation flux measured was 1,555 L m−2 h−1 when applied to toluene-in-water emulsions. The membrane also presented outstanding recyclability, as evidenced by oil rejection rate retaining at >99% through four separation cycles. The coated membrane was also shown to work well under harsh conditions including salty water, extreme pH values (1–14), and high temperatures (60 °C). In addition, our fabrication route of SS-coated MCE employs low process temperature while being highly scalable, which is favorable for industrial-scale applications.
Biofluorescent sexual dimorphism revealed in a southern Appalachian endemic salamander, Plethodon metcalfi
Authors: Cox Jonathan L. , Fitzpatrick Benjamin M.
Published: March 2023

Biofluorescence occurs when a living organism absorbs high energy light and reemits it at longer wavelengths. Many species within clades of vertebrates are known to fluoresce including mammals, reptiles, birds, and fish. Most, if not all, amphibians exhibit biofluorescence when exposed to either blue (440–460 nm) or ultra-violet (360–380 nm) wavelengths of light. Salamanders (Lissamphibia: Caudata) appear to consistently fluoresce in green wavelengths (520–560 nm) when excited by blue light. Biofluorescence is theorized to have many ecological functions including mate signaling, camouflage, and mimicry. Despite the discovery of their biofluorescence, its role in salamander ecology and behavior remains unresolved. In this study we present the first case of biofluorescent sexual dimorphism within Amphibia and the first documentation of the biofluorescent pattern of a salamander within the Plethodon jordani species complex. This sexually dimorphic trait was discovered in the southern Appalachian endemic species, Southern Gray-Cheeked Salamander (Plethodon metcalfi, Brimley in Proc Biol Soc Wash 25:135–140, 1912), and may extend into other species within the Plethodon jordani and Plethodon glutinosus species complexes. We propose that this sexually dimorphic trait could be related to fluorescence of ventral modified granular glands used in plethodontid chemosensory communication.
Determination of orally administered 1,8-Cineol in nasal polyp tissues from chronic rhinosinusitis patients using gas chromatography: mass spectrometry
Authors: MacKenzie Claire , Goerke Thomas , Buecking Mark , Heidemann Mathias , Leichtle Anke , Ringbeck Benedikt , Möllenkolk Friederike , Ploch Michael , Bruchhage Karl-Ludwig , Pries Ralph
Published: March 2023

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common inflammatory disease causing considerable disease burden. The anti-inflammatory monoterpene 1,8-Cineol is a natural plant-based therapeutic agent that is well established to treat chronic and acute airway diseases. Aim of this study was to investigate whether the herbal drug 1,8-Cineol reaches the nasal tissue via the gut and the blood stream upon its oral administration. A highly sensitive gas chromatography mass spectrometry-based method with stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) for sample preparation has been developed and validated for the extraction, detection and quantification of 1,8-Cineol in tissue samples of nasal polyps from 30 CRSwNP patients. Data revealed a highly sensitive detection of 1,8-Cineol in nasal tissue samples after 14 days of oral administration of 1,8-Cineol prior to surgical treatment. There was no significant correlation between the measured 1,8-Cineol concentrations and bodyweight or BMI values of the analyzed patients, respectively. Our data indicate a systemic distribution of 1,8-Cineol in the human body after its oral administration. Individual differences in terms of metabolic characteristics and have to be further investigated. The study increases our understanding of the systemic effects of 1,8-Cineol upon its therapeutic application and benefit in patients with CRSwNP.
Comparison between strip sampling and laser ablation methods to infer seasonal movements from intra-tooth strontium isotopes profiles in migratory caribou
Authors: Le Corre Mael , Grimes Vaughan , Lam Rebecca , Britton Kate
Published: March 2023

Strontium isotopes analysis is a powerful tool in the study of past animal movements, notably the sequential analysis of tooth enamel to reconstruct individual movements in a time-series. Compared to traditional solution analysis, high resolution sampling using laser-ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) has the potential to reflect fine scale mobility. However, the averaging of the 87Sr/86Sr intake during the enamel mineralization process may limit fine scale inferences. We compared solution and LA-MC-ICP-MS 87Sr/86Sr intra-tooth profiles from the second and third molars of 5 caribou from the Western Arctic herd, Alaska. Profiles from both methods showed similar trends, reflecting the seasonal migratory movements, but LA-MC-ICP-MS profiles showed a less damped 87Sr/86Sr signal than solution profiles. Geographic assignments of the profile endmembers to the known summer and winter ranges were consistent between methods and with the expected timing of enamel formation but showed discrepancy at a finer scale. Variations on LA-MC-ICP-MS profiles, consistent with expected seasonal movements, suggested more than an admixture of the endmember values. However, more work in understanding enamel formation in Rangifer, and other ungulates, and how 87Sr/86Sr daily intake translates into enamel are needed to assess the real resolution that can be achieved with LA-MC-ICP-MS.
An edge communication based probabilistic caching for transient content distribution in vehicular networks
Authors: Gupta Divya , Rani Shalli , Tiwari Basant , Gadekallu Thippa Reddy
Published: March 2023

Vehicular Content Networks (VCNs) represent key empowering solution for content distribution in fully distributed manner for vehicular infotainment applications. In VCN, both on board unit (OBU) of each vehicle and road side units (RSUs) facilitate content caching to support timely content delivery for moving vehicles when requested. However, due to limited caching capacity available at both RSUs and OBUs, only selected content can be cached. Moreover, the contents being demanded in vehicular infotainment applications are transient in nature. The transient content caching in vehicular content networks with the use of edge communication for delay free services is fundamental issue and need to get addressed (Yang et al. in ICC 2022-IEEE international conference on communications. IEEE, pp 1–6, 2022). Therefore, this study focuses on edge communication in VCNs by firstly organizing a region based classification for vehicular network components including RSUs and OBUs. Secondly, a theoretical model is designed for each vehicle to decide its content fetching location (i.e. either RSU or OBU) in current region or neighboring region. Further, the caching of transient contents inside vehicular network components (such as RSU, OBU) is based on content caching probability. Finally, the proposed scheme is evaluated under different network condition in Icarus simulator for various performance parameters. The simulation results proved outstanding performance of the proposed approach over various state of art caching strategies.
Feature augmentation based on information fusion rectification for few-shot image classification
Authors: Wang Hang , Tian Shengzhao , Fu Yan , Zhou Junlin , Liu Jingfa , Chen Duanbing
Published: March 2023

In the issue of few-shot image classification, due to lack of sufficient data, directly training the model will lead to overfitting. In order to alleviate this problem, more and more methods focus on non-parametric data augmentation, which uses the information of known data to construct non-parametric normal distribution to expand samples in the support set. However, there are some differences between base class data and new ones, and the distribution of different samples belonging to same class is also different. The sample features generated by the current methods may have some deviations. A new few-shot image classification algorithm is proposed on the basis of information fusion rectification (IFR), which adequately uses the relationship between the data (including the relationship between base class data and new ones, and the relationship between support set and query set in the new class data), to rectify the distribution of support set in the new class data. In the proposed algorithm, feature of support set is expanded through sampling from the rectified normal distribution, so as to augment the data. Compared with other image augmentation algorithms, the experimental results on three few-shot datasets show that the accuracy of the proposed IFR algorithm is improved by 1.84–4.66% on 5-way 1-shot task and 0.99–1.43% on 5-way 5-shot task.
Iodine maps derived from sparse-view kV-switching dual-energy CT equipped with a deep learning reconstruction for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Narita Keigo , Nakamura Yuko , Higaki Toru , Kondo Shota , Honda Yukiko , Kawashita Ikuo , Mitani Hidenori , Fukumoto Wataru , Tani Chihiro , Chosa Keigo , Tatsugami Fuminari , Awai Kazuo
Published: March 2023

Deep learning-based spectral CT imaging (DL-SCTI) is a novel type of fast kilovolt-switching dual-energy CT equipped with a cascaded deep-learning reconstruction which completes the views missing in the sinogram space and improves the image quality in the image space because it uses deep convolutional neural networks trained on fully sampled dual-energy data acquired via dual kV rotations. We investigated the clinical utility of iodine maps generated from DL-SCTI scans for assessing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the clinical study, dynamic DL-SCTI scans (tube voltage 135 and 80 kV) were acquired in 52 patients with hypervascular HCCs whose vascularity was confirmed by CT during hepatic arteriography. Virtual monochromatic 70 keV images served as the reference images. Iodine maps were reconstructed using three-material decomposition (fat, healthy liver tissue, iodine). A radiologist calculated the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) during the hepatic arterial phase (CNRa) and the equilibrium phase (CNRe). In the phantom study, DL-SCTI scans (tube voltage 135 and 80 kV) were acquired to assess the accuracy of iodine maps; the iodine concentration was known. The CNRa was significantly higher on the iodine maps than on 70 keV images (p < 0.01). The CNRe was significantly higher on 70 keV images than on iodine maps (p < 0.01). The estimated iodine concentration derived from DL-SCTI scans in the phantom study was highly correlated with the known iodine concentration. It was underestimated in small-diameter modules and in large-diameter modules with an iodine concentration of less than 2.0 mgI/ml. Iodine maps generated from DL-SCTI scans can improve the CNR for HCCs during hepatic arterial phase but not during equilibrium phase in comparison with virtual monochromatic 70 keV images. Also, when the lesion is small or the iodine concentration is low, iodine quantification may result in underestimation.
Consecutive multiscale feature learning-based image classification model
Authors: Olimov Bekhzod , Subramanian Barathi , Ugli Rakhmonov Akhrorjon Akhmadjon , Kim Jea-Soo , Kim Jeonghong
Published: March 2023

Extracting useful features at multiple scales is a crucial task in computer vision. The emergence of deep-learning techniques and the advancements in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have facilitated effective multiscale feature extraction that results in stable performance improvements in numerous real-life applications. However, currently available state-of-the-art methods primarily rely on a parallel multiscale feature extraction approach, and despite exhibiting competitive accuracy, the models lead to poor results in efficient computation and low generalization on small-scale images. Moreover, efficient and lightweight networks cannot appropriately learn useful features, and this causes underfitting when training with small-scale images or datasets with a limited number of samples. To address these problems, we propose a novel image classification system based on elaborate data preprocessing steps and a carefully designed CNN model architecture. Specifically, we present a consecutive multiscale feature-learning network (CMSFL-Net) that employs a consecutive feature-learning approach based on the usage of various feature maps with different receptive fields to achieve faster training/inference and higher accuracy. In the conducted experiments using six real-life image classification datasets, including small-scale, large-scale, and limited data, the CMSFL-Net exhibits an accuracy comparable with those of existing state-of-the-art efficient networks. Moreover, the proposed system outperforms them in terms of efficiency and speed and achieves the best results in accuracy-efficiency trade-off.
Machine learning identifies straightforward early warning rules for human Puumala hantavirus outbreaks
Authors: Kazasidis Orestis , Jacob Jens
Published: March 2023

Human Puumala virus (PUUV) infections in Germany fluctuate multi-annually, following fluctuations of the bank vole population size. We applied a transformation to the annual incidence values and established a heuristic method to develop a straightforward robust model for the binary human infection risk at the district level. The classification model was powered by a machine-learning algorithm and achieved 85% sensitivity and 71% precision, despite using only three weather parameters from the previous years as inputs, namely the soil temperature in April of two years before and in September of the previous year, and the sunshine duration in September of two years before. Moreover, we introduced the PUUV Outbreak Index that quantifies the spatial synchrony of local PUUV-outbreaks, and applied it to the seven reported outbreaks in the period 2006–2021. Finally, we used the classification model to estimate the PUUV Outbreak Index, achieving 20% maximum uncertainty.
Comparison of clinicopathological and genomic profiles in anal squamous cell carcinoma between Japanese and Caucasian cohorts
Authors: Ito Takahiko , Takayanagi Daisuke , Sekine Shigeki , Hashimoto Taiki , Shimada Yoko , Matsuda Maiko , Yamada Masayoshi , Hamamoto Ryuji , Kato Tomoyasu , Shida Dai , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Boku Narikazu , Kohno Takashi , Takashima Atsuo , Shiraishi Kouya
Published: March 2023

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to compare the genetic backgrounds and their effect on clinical outcomes between Japanese and Caucasian patients with ASCC. Forty-one patients diagnosed with ASCC at the National Cancer Center Hospital were enrolled and evaluated for clinicopathological features, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, HPV genotypes, p16 expression, PD-L1, and association of p16 status with the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Target sequencing for hotspot mutations in 50 cancer-related genes was performed using genomic DNA from 30 available samples. Of 41 patients, 34 were HPV-positive (among them, HPV 16 was predominant; 73.2%); 38 patients were p16-positive (92.7%); and 39 patients received CCRT, of whom 36 were p16-positive and three p16-negative. p16-positive patients showed better complete response than p16-negative patients. Among 28 samples, 15 showed mutations inPIK3CA, FBXW7, ABL1, TP53,andPTEN; no difference in mutation profiles between the Japanese and Caucasian cohorts was observed. Actionable mutations were detected in both Japanese and Caucasian patients with ASCC. Genetic backgrounds, such as the HPV 16 genotype andPIK3CAmutations, were common regardless of ethnicity. p16 status may be a prognostic biomarker for CCRT in Japanese patients with ASCC.
Habitat partitioning, co-occurrence patterns, and mixed-species group formation in sympatric delphinids
Authors: Syme Jonathan , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Parra Guido J.
Published: March 2023

Numerous species have been reported to form mixed-species groups, however, little is known about the interplay between niche partitioning and mixed-species group formation. Furthermore, it is often unclear whether species come together by chance due to overlapping habitat preferences, by shared attraction to resources, or by attraction between them. We assessed habitat partitioning, co-occurrence patterns, and mixed-species group formation of sympatric Australian humpback (Sousa sahulensis) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) around the North West Cape, Western Australia, with a joint species distribution model and temporal analyses of sighting data. Australian humpback dolphins preferred shallower and more nearshore waters than Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, yet these species co-occurred more often than expected by chance given shared responses to environmental variables. Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins were sighted more often than Australian humpback dolphins during the afternoon, however, we did not find any temporal patterns in the occurrence of mixed-species groups. We propose that the positive association in the species’ occurrence indicates the active formation of mixed-species groups. By evaluating habitat partitioning and co-occurrence patterns, this study provides direction for future work which should proceed to investigate the benefits that these species may gain from grouping with each other.
Management of mung bean leaf spot disease caused by Phoma herbarum through Penicillium janczewskii metabolites mediated by MAPK signaling cascade
Authors: Shafique Shazia , Attia Ume , Shafique Sobiya , Tabassum Bushra , Akhtar Naureen , Naeem Ayman , Abbas Qamar
Published: March 2023

Vigna radiata L., an imperative legume crop of Pakistan, faces hordes of damage due to fungi; infecting host tissues by the appressorium. The use of natural compounds is an innovative concern to manage mung-bean fungal diseases. The bioactive secondary metabolites of Penicillium species are well documented for their strong fungi-static ability against many pathogens. Presently, one-month-old aqueous culture filtrates of Penicillium janczewskii, P. digitatum, P. verrucosum, P. crustosum, and P. oxalicum were evaluated to check the antagonistic effect of different dilutions (0, 10, 20, … and 60%). There was a significant reduction of around 7–38%, 46–57%, 46–58%, 27–68%, and 21–51% in Phoma herbarum dry biomass production due to P. janczewskii, P. digitatum, P. verrucosum, P. crustosum, and P. oxalicum, respectively. Inhibition constants determined by a regression equation demonstrated the most significant inhibition by P. janczewskii. Finally, using real-time reverse transcription PCR (qPCR) the effect of P. Janczewskii metabolites was determined on the transcript level of StSTE12 gene involved in the development and penetration of appressorium. The expression pattern of the StSTE12 gene was determined by percent Knockdown (%KD) expression that was found to be decreased i.e. 51.47, 43.22, 40.67, 38.01, 35.97, and 33.41% for P. herbarum with an increase in metabolites concentrations viz., 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% metabolites, respectively. In silico studies were conducted to analyze the role of Ste12 a transcriptional factor in the MAPK signaling pathway. The present study concludes a strong fungicidal potential of Penicillium species against P. herbarum. Further studies to isolate the effective fungicidal constituents of Penicillium species through GCMS analysis and determination of their role in signaling pathways are requisite.
Association between high-mobility group box 1 levels and febrile seizures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Shangbin , Zhao Qian , Sun Jingfei , Yan Weichen , Wang Jie , Gao Xiong , Li Xueying , Ren Changjun , Hao Ling
Published: March 2023

The relationship between High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and febrile seizures (FS) in children remains unclear. This study aimed to apply meta-analysis to reveal the correlation between HMGB1 levels and FS in children. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane library, CNKI, SinoMed and WanFangData were searched for relevant studies. Pooled standard mean deviation and 95% confidence interval were calculated as effect size since the random-effects model was used when I2 > 50%. Meanwhile, between-study heterogeneity was determined by performing subgroup and sensitivity analyses. A total of 9 studies were finally included. Meta-analysis showed that the children with FS had significantly higher HMGB1 levels compared with healthy children and children with fever but no seizures (P<0.05). Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that the HMGB1 level in children with complex FS was higher than those with simple FS (P<0.05), and children with duration >15 min were higher than those with duration ≤15min (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences between children with or without a family history of FS (P>0.05). Finally, children with FS who converted to epilepsy exhibited higher HMGB1 levels than those who did not convert to epilepsy (P<0.05). The level of HMGB1 may be implicated in the prolongation, recurrence and development of FS in children. Thus, it was necessary to evaluate the precise concentrations of HMGB1 in FS patients and to further determine the various activities of HMGB1 during FS by well-designed, large-scale, and case-controlled trials.
Association between height loss and mortality in the general population
Authors: Iwasaki Tsuyoshi , Kimura Hiroshi , Tanaka Kenichi , Asahi Koichi , Iseki Kunitoshi , Moriyama Toshiki , Yamagata Kunihiro , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Fujimoto Shouichi , Narita Ichiei , Konta Tsuneo , Kondo Masahide , Kasahara Masato , Shibagaki Yugo , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Kazama Junichiro J.
Published: March 2023

Height loss is caused by osteoporosis, vertebral fractures, disc reduction, postural changes, and kyphosis. Marked long-term height loss is reportedly associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in the elderly. The present study investigated the relationship between short-term height loss and the risk of mortality using the longitudinal cohort data of the Japan Specific Health Checkup Study (J-SHC). Included individuals were aged 40 years or older and received periodic health checkups in 2008 and 2010. The exposure of interest was height loss over the 2 years, and the outcome was all-cause mortality over subsequent follow up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between height loss and all-cause mortality. Of the 222,392 individuals (88,285 men, 134,107 women) included in this study, 1436 died during the observation period (mean 4.8 ± 1.1 years). The subjects were divided into two groups based on a cut-off value of height loss of 0.5 cm over 2 years. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.26 (1.13–1.41) for exposure to height loss ≥ 0.5 cm compared to height loss < 0.5 cm. Height loss ≥ 0.5 cm correlated significantly with an increased risk of mortality compared to height loss < 0.5 cm in both men and women. Even a small decrease in height over 2 years was associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and might be a helpful marker for stratifying mortality risk.
Self-assembled thioether-bridged paclitaxel-dihydroartemisinin prodrug for amplified antitumor efficacy-based cancer ferroptotic-chemotherapy
Authors: Zheng Yifei , Qin Chao , Li Fei , Qi Jingxin , Chu Xinyu , Li Hao , Shi Ting , Yan Zhen , Yang Lei , Xin Xiaofei , Liu Lisha , Han Xiaopeng , Yin Lifang
Published: March 2023

In this study, ROS-sensitive prodrug nanoassemblies composed of a single thioether bond bridged dihydroartemisinin-paclitaxel prodrug was constructed. The nanoassemblies with enhanced ferroptotic-chemotherapy promoted tumor cell death.
Self-assembled anion channel formation by bis(1,3-propanediol)-linked meta-dipropynylbenzene-based small molecules
Authors: Sharma Rashmi , Vijay Amal , Chattopadhayay Sandip , Mukherjee Arnab , Talukdar Pinaki
Published: March 2023

Two supramolecular barrel-rosette chloride channels are reported using bis(1,3-propanediol)-based molecules. The system with an additional amide tail showed superior transport activity than that with an ester tail due to better self-assembly.
Salification-driven strategy toward the hydrophobic molecular salt of the antifungal drug 5-fluorocytosine and protocatechuic acid with triple-helix structure offers an innovative insight for conquering adverse drug reactions
Authors: Bu Fan-Zhi , Yu Yue-Ming , Zhang Lin-Lin , Yan Cui-Wei , Wu Zhi-Yong , Li Yan-Tuan
Published: March 2023

The hydrophobic molecular salt of 5-fluorocytosine (FYT) with protocatechuic acid (PCA) was first reported, and its dissolution behaviors were systematically studied by combining theory with experiment.
Real-time dynamic simulation of laser-induced N2 dissociation on two-dimensional graphene sheets
Authors: Chen Jiuhuan , Cheng Xin-Lu , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2023

Time evolution of the dNN bond lengths and snapshots for the charge density of nitrogen molecules above graphene sheet under the pulse laser. These results suggest that using graphene sheet can reduce the laser power for nitrogen dissociation.
Exploring electronic energy level structure and excited electronic states of β-carotene using DFT
Authors: Xing Lu , Dou Zhenguo , Cao Xiumian , Ren Panpan , Zhang Wei , Wang Shenghan , Sun Chenglin , Men Zhiwei
Published: March 2023

The electron–hole population and charge transfer process in the low excited state of β-carotene were studied.
Insights into the electrochemical properties of Li2FeS2 after FeS2 discharging
Authors: Wei Cheng-dong , Xue Hong-tao , Zhao Xu-dong , Tang Fu-ling
Published: March 2023

Formation enthalpy (left), voltage and theoretical specific capacity (right) of Li1−xFeS2 based on different Li concentrations.
Mass-independent fractionation during Mo isotope measurement by MC-ICP-MS: implications for application of the double spike technique
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yang Wubin , Leng Chengbiao
Published: March 2023

This study presents our new observation on mass-independent fractionation (MIF) during Mo isotope measurement by MC-ICP-MS. Researchers should pay attention to the possible existence of instrument-related MIF during isotope measurement.
Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis altered host metabolism
Authors: He Mengxue , Shi Jiachen , Liu Aiyang , Xu Yong-Jiang , Liu Yuanfa
Published: March 2023

Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis reduced the diversity and richness of gut microbiota, increased pathogenic bacteria, and decreased beneficial bacteria, which in turn altered the metabolic profiles of the host.
Molecular template growth of organic heterojunctions to tailor visual neuroplasticity for high performance phototransistors with ultralow energy consumption
Authors: Ercan Ender , Hung Chih-Chien , Li Guan-Syuan , Yang Yun-Fang , Lin Yan-Cheng , Chen Wen-Chang
Published: March 2023

The molecular template growth of the heterojunction was studied to tailor neuroplasticity that exhibits a high pair-pulse facilitation index of ~206%, and ultralow energy consumption of 0.54 fJ to mimic human-like optical synapse and memory functions.
Bowl-shaped carbon skeletons under tensile stress: quantum mechanochemistry of corannulene
Authors: Qiu Zi-Yang , Zhao Xiang , Dang Jing-Shuang
Published: March 2023

This work introduces a theoretical investigation on the curvature modulation and external force-induced properties of corannulene under in-plane tensile stresses.
Retrospective insights into recent MXene-based catalysts for CO2electro/photoreduction: how far have we gone?
Authors: Tan Xin-Quan , Mo Wuwei , Lin Xinlong , Loh Jian Yiing , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Ong Wee-Jun
Published: March 2023

This state-of-the-art review of MXene-based catalysts in CO2electro/photoreduction places an emphasis on synthesis approaches, surface termination modulation, heterostructure engineering and reaction mechanisms.
Cyanine/iodonium salt as a broad-absorbing photoinitiating system for radical photopolymerization under near-UV, visible and NIR light
Authors: He Xianglong , Shao Yayu , Pang Yulian , Wang Jing , Liu Mingke , Xin Yangyang , Zou Yingquan
Published: March 2023

Cyanine/iodonium salt as a broad-absorbing photoinitiating system for radical photopolymerization under exposure to near-UV, visible and NIR light.
Al-based materials for advanced lithium rechargeable batteries: recent progress and prospects
Authors: Sun Bing , Xu Yin , Yang Song , Zhang Dongmei , Pei Cunyuan , Ni Shibing
Published: March 2023

The progress of Al-based materials for Li-rechargeable-batteries is summarized to guide future efforts and directions of fundamental and practical research.
Two-step leaching of spent lithium-ion batteries and effective regeneration of critical metals and graphitic carbon employing hexuronic acid
Authors: Sahu Sibananda , Devi Niharbala
Published: March 2023

A comprehensive and environmentally friendly approach for recycling critical metals as well as graphitic carbon from discarded LIBs was proposed. To regenerate pure graphitic carbon a two-step leaching process was adopted.
Theoretical models of modulated nematic phases
Authors: Szmigielski Michał
Published: March 2023

This paper presents fundamental information about novel modulated nematic phases, namely twist–bend nematics, splay–bend nematics and splay nematics, and the review of their elasticity models and the deformations occurring in external fields.
Aggregation state tuning via controlling molecular weights of D–A1–A2 type polymer donors for efficient organic photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Shanlu , Chen Tianyi , Li Shuixing , Ye Lei , Fu Yuang , Lu Xinhui , Zhu Haiming , Zuo Lijian , Shi Minmin , Chen Hongzheng
Published: March 2023

A polymer donor with a D–A1–A2 type structure was developed, whose aggregation state was tuned by molecular weight control, finally leading to over 15% power conversion efficiency.
Rational design of phenanthroimidazole derivatives with hybridized local and charge-transfer characteristics to achieve efficient blue emission in non-doped OLEDs
Authors: Huo Jinnan , Gao Chenxi , Cao Yinpeng , Shi Heping , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2023

Two new blue phenanthroimidazole-based emitters were designed and synthesized. The molecules after introducing a benzene ring show interesting HLCT characteristics. A HLCT-OLED shows blue emission and a full width at half-maximum of 67 nm.
Closed-loop recyclable and biodegradable thioester-based covalent adaptable networks
Authors: Maity Pralay Ranjan , Upadhyay Chandan , Sinha A. S. K. , Ojha Umaprasana
Published: March 2023

Suitable tailoring of the chemical environment enables the thioester linkage to be exchangeable above 100 °C in the presence of Sn(Oct)2, which may be utilized to develop closed-loop recyclable and biodegradable covalent adaptable networks.
Correction: d–sp orbital hybridization: a strategy for activity improvement of transition metal catalysts
Authors: Chen Hui , Wu Qiannan , Wang Yanfei , Zhao Qinfeng , Ai Xuan , Shen Yucheng , Zou Xiaoxin
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘d–sp orbital hybridization: a strategy for activity improvement of transition metal catalysts’ by Hui Chen et al., Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 7730–7740, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC02299K.
Bridging the gas and condensed phases for metal-atom encapsulating silicon- and germanium-cage superatoms: electrical properties of assembled superatoms
Authors: Yokoyama Takaho , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: March 2023

With the development of nanocluster (NC) synthesis methods in the gas phase, atomically precise NCs composed of a finite number of metal and semiconductor atoms have emerged.
Anti-ohmic nanoconductors: myth, reality and promise
Authors: Bajaj Ashima , Ali Md. Ehesan
Published: March 2023

The transition of electronic structure from closed shell to open shell ground state forbids the desired anti-ohmic behavior of molecular wires with increasing length.
Hydrogen spillover effects in the Fischer–Tropsch reaction over carbon nanotube supported cobalt catalysts
Authors: Zhang Heng , Dong Anliang , Liu Bing , Chen Jie , Xu Yuebing , Liu Xiaohao
Published: March 2023

Support (CNTs) surface defect-induced hydrogen spillover significantly impacted the catalytic activity (turnover frequency, TOF) and methane selectivity evolution in cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
Activation of metal-involved halogen bonds and classical halogen bonds in gold(i) catalysis
Authors: Li Ying , Sun Yuanyuan , Zhao Chang , Zeng Yanli
Published: March 2023

Both metal-involved halogen bond activation and classical halogen bond activation are investigated in gold(i) catalysis of the propargylic amide cyclization reaction.
A bio-based click reaction leading to the dihydropyridazinone platform for nitrogen-containing scaffolds
Authors: Chen Jia-Yue , Huang Yao-Bing , Hu Bin , Li Ke-Ming , Zhang Ji-Long , Zhang Xuan , Yan Xia-Yun , Lu Qiang
Published: March 2023

The first biomass-based click reaction is reported to synthesize DHMP from biomass and through DHMP transformation.
Non-quantum nanostructure-enabled hot carrier generation for enhancive photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of bio-alcohol in water coupled with hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Pei-dong , Li Lanyun , Wang Keping , Li Hu , Fang Zhen
Published: March 2023

A low-cost and eco-friendly photoanode was constructed using a unique nanowire structure, which could efficiently couple H2evolution with bio-alcohol being oxidized quantitatively to acid in water.
S-Trifluoromethyl thioesters as bifunctional reagents for acyl-trifluoromethylthiolation of alkenes and 1,3-enynesviaphotoredox/copper dual catalysis
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Tian Yang , Li Xiaowei , Wang Zemin , Liu Ruihua , Chen Ping , Li Xiangqian , Dai Jiajia , Shi Dayong
Published: March 2023

UsingS-trifluoromethyl thioesters as bifunctional reagents, we developed photoredox/copper dual-catalyzed 1,2-acyl-trifluoromethylthiolation of alkenes and 1,4-acyl-trifluoromethylthiolation of 1,3-enynes.
Isostructural coordination polymers of the tethering naphthalene anchored bis(2-methylpyridinecarboxamide) ligand: single crystal, XPS, EDS and theoretical studies
Authors: Rana Love Karan , Kaur Prabhjyot , Bavandsavadkouhi Alborz , Selopal Gurpreet Singh , Duong Adam
Published: March 2023

Interesting correlation between various analytical techniques has been made in this work concerning new isostructural CPs.
Activation of peroxymonosulfate for degradation of norfloxacin by Mn-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 nanocrystals
Authors: He Jiahao , Wu Junyou , Zhang Yujie , Yang Qin , Yang Yingchun
Published: March 2023

The figure shows the possible mechanism of the degradation process and the removal and mineralization rates.
Supramolecular aggregates constructed by pillar[5]arene-based host–guest interaction with aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Cao Zhanqi , Yang Fan , Wu Dongpu , Wu Lulu , Liu Lijie , Liu Guoxing , Li Xiaochuan , Zheng Xin , Zheng Xianfu , Qu Dahui
Published: March 2023

Supramolecular aggregates with aggregation-induced emission were constructed by pillar[5]arene-based host–guest interaction.
Fabrication and property evaluation of calcium-oxide-loaded microcapsules during supplemental heat-based exploitation of natural gas hydrates
Authors: Wang Jintang , Shao Zihua , Bai Yujing , He Guolei , Wang Xudong , Liu Lei , Liao Bo , Sun Xiaohui , Lv Kaihe , Sun Jinsheng
Published: March 2023

The exploitation of natural gas hydrates (NGHs) by traditional methods is far lower than the commercial target.
An abiotic, tetrameric, eight-helix bundle
Authors: Menke Friedericke S. , Wicher Barbara , Allmendinger Lars , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan
Published: March 2023

When linked with a flexible linker, two aromatic helices displaying hydrogen bond donors and acceptors may fold back on each other. They may also generate larger complex assemblies.
Solar driven CO2reduction: from materials to devices
Authors: Wan Lili , Chen Rong , Cheung Daniel Wun Fung , Wu Linxiao , Luo Jingshan
Published: March 2023

Solar driven CO2reduction is a promising technology for achieving carbon neutrality. The optimized photo-absorber, catalyst and device and their synergistic operation are essential for realizing a highly efficient solar driven CO2reduction system.
A highly stable elastic electrode via direct covalent crosslinking for strain sensors
Authors: Wang Linping , Hu Ben-Lin , Zhang Fengyuan , Zhang Yinxia , Li Junming , Xu Tianhua , Li Run-Wei
Published: March 2023

We developed a highly stable elastic electrode via direct covalent crosslinking and applied as a strain sensor for wearable applications.
Improved electrode reversibility of anionic redox with highly concentrated electrolyte solution and aramid-coated polyolefin separator
Authors: Shimada Nanaka , Ugata Yosuke , Nishikawa Satoshi , Shibata Daisuke , Ohta Toshiaki , Yabuuchi Naoaki
Published: March 2023

High-capacity electrode materials made of abundant elements are necessary to develop cost-effective energy storage applications.
Effect of multimodularity and spatial organization of glycoside hydrolases on catalysis
Authors: Barba-Cedillo Víctor , Montanier Cédric Y.
Published: March 2023

The wide diversity among the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) reflects the equally broad versatility in terms of composition and chemicals bonds found in the plant cell wall polymers on which they are active. This diversity is also expressed through the various strategies developed to circumvent the recalcitrance of these substrates to biological degradation. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are the most abundant of the CAZymes and are expressed as isolated catalytic modules or in association with carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), acting in synergism within complex arrays of enzymes. This multimodularity can be even more complex. The cellulosome presents a scaffold protein immobilized to the outer membrane of some microorganisms on which enzymes are grafted to prevent their dispersion and increase catalytic synergism. In polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL), GHs are also distributed across the membranes of some bacteria to co-ordinate the deconstruction of polysaccharides and the internalization of metabolizable carbohydrates. Although the study and characterization of these enzymatic activities need to take into account the entirety of this complex organization—in particular because of the dynamics involved in it—technical problems limit the present study to isolated enzymes. However, these enzymatic complexes also have a spatiotemporal organization, whose still neglected aspect must be considered. In the present review, the different levels of multimodularity that can occur in GHs will be reviewed, from its simplest forms to the most complex. In addition, attempts to characterize or study the effect on catalytic activity of the spatial organization within GHs will be addressed.
Study of the effect of turbulent interstellar medium on the morphology of young supernova remnants
Authors: Rigon Gabriel , Inoue Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2023

Context. Supernova remnants (SNRs) are one of the main sources of galactic cosmic-ray acceleration. This acceleration, believed to happen at the blast wave front, leads to energy loss at the shock front. This results in the apparent proximity between the blast wave and the contact discontinuity.

Aims. In this article, we study the effect that turbulent-like density perturbations of the interstellar medium (ISM) have on the evolution of young SNRs. We focus on the impact these fluctuations have on the structure of SNRs and more precisely on the resulting distance between blast wave and contact discontinuity. As cosmic-ray acceleration is necessary to explain this distance, this study indirectly puts into question the cosmic-ray acceleration at the blast wave front.

Methods. We performed a set of purely hydrodynamic three-dimensional simulations without cosmic-ray acceleration in a co-expanding frame. We randomly initialised the density variation of the ISM following a Kolmogorov power law. The resulting ratios of radii between blast wave, contact discontinuity, and reverse shock are then compared to astronomical observations.

Results. The addition of density perturbation does not significantly change the average ratio of radii. However, the simulations show a higher growth of interfacial instabilities in the presence of a turbulent ISM. The resulting deformation of the contact discontinuity could explain the proximity between contact discontinuity and blast wave. The deformations also explain the plateau in the radial distribution of the line-of-sight velocity associated with the observations of Tycho.

Conclusions. Density perturbations of the ISM should not be neglected in the simulation of young SNRs as they have an impact on the structure of these latter objects that is comparable to that of cosmic-ray acceleration.
Digitale Selbstbeobachtung der körperlichen Aktivität
in der Adipositastherapie – ein Review zum Einsatz von
Aktivitätstrackern
Authors: Wulff Hagen , Pawellek Sabine , Ziegeldorf Alexandra , Schoene Daniel , Ratzlaff Livia
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund Adipositas als eine der häufigsten chronischen
Erkrankungen weltweit stellt ein enormes individuelles Gesundheitsrisiko und
einen hohen Kostenfaktor für das Gesundheitssystem dar. Wirksame
Therapiemaßnahmen adressieren den Lebensstil, wie die
körperliche Aktivität und sind nötig, um gesundheitliche
Belastungen zu senken. Die zunehmende Digitalisierung bietet
Möglichkeiten, mobile digitale Endgeräte im Therapiekontext
einzusetzen. Ziel des Reviews ist die Identifikation von
Interventionsansätze im Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung von
Aktivitätstrackern in der Adipositastherapie sowie die Analyse der
resultierenden Wirksamkeit.

Methoden Die systematische Literatursuche wurde in den Datenbanken
MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane und Google Scholar (Freihandsuche)
durchgeführt. In die Auswertung wurden deutsch- und englischsprachige
randomisierte kontrollierte Studien der Jahre 2016–2021 eingeschlossen.
Die Interventionen beinhalteten neben der Standard-Adipositastherapie den
Einsatz von digitalen Aktivitätstrackern bei Personen mit
Übergewicht/Adipositas und erfassten die Entwicklung von
Körpergewicht, Body-Mass-Index, körperlicher Aktivität
oder Lebensqualität. Die Bewertung der methodischen Qualität
erfolgte über das Risk of Bias 2 Tool der Cochrane Collaboration. Die
Studien wurden hinsichtlich der primären Outcomes sowie der
Interventionsgestaltung untersucht, um Zusammenhänge abzuleiten.

Ergebnisse Von 2170 identifizierten Studien wurden zehn Artikel mit einer
Gesamtzahl von 1668 Teilnehmenden, vorwiegend im Erwachsenenalter,
eingeschlossen. Die Interventionsdauer betrug drei bis 18 Monate. Signifikante
Effekte für die Senkung des Körpergewichts fanden sich in
fünf Studien. Eine positive Entwicklung des BMI zeigte sich in drei
Studien. Eine signifikante Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität
konnte nur in einer Studie beobachtet werden. Die Nutzung von
Aktivitätstrackern in Verbindung mit Applikationen (Apps) zur Auswertung
der erfassten Daten erwies sich als größtenteils wirksam
hinsichtlich der Therapieziele. Die Analyse der Interventionen zeigte, dass
insbesondere das Setzen von Zielen und ein unmittelbares Feedback die
Wirksamkeit beeinflussten.

Diskussion Einheitliche Aussagen zur Effektivität der
Aktivitätstracker für eine Gewichtsreduktion und
Aktivitätssteigerung sind nur begrenzt möglich, da die
Wirksamkeit von der Interventionsgestaltung abhängt und Studien mit
längeren Follow-Up-Zeiträumen fehlen. Einflussreich zeigen sich
die Zielsetzung und das Bereitstellen eines unmittelbaren Feedbacks. Zudem
sollte die Anwendung und der Nutzen der Geräte in Schulungen
thematisiert werden, um den Teilnehmenden die notwendigen Kompetenzen zu
vermitteln.
Allergische Rhinitis und Akupunktur
Authors: Ortiz Miriam
Published: March 2023

Allergische Rhinitis kommt in unseren Breitengraden immer häufiger vor. Um sie zu behandeln, stehen verschiedene orale und topische Medikamente zur Verfügung. Auch Akupunktur ist eine Behandlungsmethode, deren Wirksamkeit mittlerweile gut erforscht ist. Symptome und Konzept der Behandlung bestimmen die Auswahl der Akupunkturpunkte sowie den möglichen Zusatz von Ohrakupunktur oder Moxibustion. Ein Fallbeispiel demonstriert die Effekte von Akupunktur bei saisonaler Allergischer Rhinitis.
Closed Suction Drainage after Total Knee Arthroplasty with Concomitant Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Administration
Authors: Case Slaton , Thomas William C. , Edgington Jonathan , Manning David , Hardt Kevin
Published: March 2023

Drain use in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. Use has been associated with increased complications, particularly postoperative transfusion, infection, increased cost, and longer hospital stays. However, studies examining drain use were performed before widespread adoption of tranexamic acid (TXA), which markedly reduces transfusion without increasing venous thromboembolism events. We aim to investigate incidence of postoperative transfusion and 90-day return to the operating room (ROR) for hemarthrosis in TKA with use of drains and concomitant intravenous (IV) TXA. Primary TKAs from a single institution were identified from August 2012 to December 2018. Inclusion criteria were primary TKA, age 18 years and over where use of TXA, drains, anticoagulant, and pre- and postsurgical hemoglobin (Hb) were documented during the patient's admission. Primary outcomes were 90-day ROR specifically for hemarthrosis and rate of postoperative transfusion. A total of 2,008 patients were included. Sixteen patients required ROR, three of which were due to hemarthrosis. Drain output was statistically higher in the ROR group (269.3 vs. 152.4 mL, p = 0.05). Five patients required transfusion within 14 days (0.25%). Patients requiring transfusion had significantly lower presurgical Hb (10.2 g/dL, p = 0.01) and 24-hour postoperative Hb (7.7 g/dL, p < 0.001). Drain output between the transfusion and no transfusion groups varied significantly (p = 0.03), with transfusion patients having higher postoperative day 1 drain output of 362.6 mL and total drain output of 376.6 mL. In this series, postoperative drain use with concomitant weight-based IV TXA is shown to be safe and efficacious. We observed exceedingly low risk of postoperative transfusion compared with prior reports of drain use alone as well as preserved low rate of hemarthrosis that has previously been positively linked to drain use.