bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Theories of Kalām in The Context of Goodness-Evil (Ḥusun-Kubuḥ)
Authors: Öztürk Mustafa Bilal
Published: December 2021

The main research area of kalām science: Existence, knowledge and value. In this context, God-universe, God-human, human-nature and other creatures and human-human connection are important. Establishing the aforementioned contacts depends on resolving the issue of good (ḥusun)-evil (kubuḥ). The Good-evil problem is to investigate the origin and nature of morality. On the basis of morality, there are voluntary and free actions of the subject. Values should be taken into the research field by establishing a close relationship between will and action. Searching for origins in values is to make it functional. In other words, in order to transfer theoretical values to practical values, the origin of the values must be found. As a result of the search of origins in values, we will encounter two theories subjective and objective values. Subjective values theory depends on the subject. The theory of objective values is independent of the subject. It is al-Ashʿarī who adopts the first approach in theological (kalām) thought. The second one is adopted by Muʿtazila. The source of moral values in the Ashʿarīte doctrine is the subject God. In this approach, the right of divine power and divine wisdom are not given the same proportion. However, it is necessary to think separately on the fact that all subject-dependent issues are always variable. The equalization of the Ashʿarī system with the relativity current, which maintains that God, who gives existence and determines existence, also determines morality, should also be questioned.
Semantic Changes and Pragmatic Functions of Address Form “Bao” in Chinese Media Context
Authors: Liu Mengzhen
Published: December 2021

As an emerging address form, "Bao" is popular and widely used in media and has its own place in lovers' prattles. This article compares the newly fashioned address "bao" with the other two address forms, "bao bao" popular in 2015 as one of the ten buzzwords and "bao bei", respectively. It is found that the three shares the basic semantic meaning, but the degrees of their semantic extension differ. There are three semantic meanings: to refer to children from the parents' part, refer to someone in close relation, and refer to all the people. Meanwhile, "bao" has its distinctive features in pragmatic functions. The first one is to maintain a harmonious relationship, and the second is to achieve communicative goals. Therefore, we should consider when choosing among the three addresses, albeit their semantic generalization, in case of pragmatic failure.
Histopathological Analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii Lung Infection in a Mouse Model
Authors: TANSHO-NAGAKAWA SHIGERU , SATO YOSHINORI , UBAGAI TSUNEYUKI , KIKUCHI-UEDA TAKANE , KAMOSHIDA GO , NISHIDA SATOSHI , ONO YASUO
Published: December 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii is the main causative pathogen of nosocomial infections that causes severe infections in the lungs. In this study, we analyzed the histopathological characteristics of lung infection with two strains of A. baumannii (ATCC 19606 and the clinical isolate TK1090) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1 in C3H/HeN mice to evaluate the virulence of A. baumannii. Survival was evaluated over 14 days. At 1, 2, 5, or 14 days postinfection, mice of C3H/HeN were sacrificed, and histopathological analysis of lung specimens was also performed. Histopathological changes and accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the lungs after infection with A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were analyzed. Following intratracheal inoculation, the lethality of ATCC 19606- and TK1090-infected mice was lower than that of PAO-1-infected mice. However, when mice were inoculated with a sub-lethal dose of A. baumannii, the lung bacterial burden remained in the mice until 14 days post-infection. Additionally, histopathological analysis revealed that macrophages infiltrated the lung foci of ATCC 19606-, TK1090-, and PAO-1-infected mice. Although neutrophils infiltrated the lung foci of ATCC 19606- and TK1090-infected mice, they poorly infiltrated the lung foci of PAO-1-infected mice. Accumulation of these cells in the lung foci of ATCC 19606- and TK1090-infected mice, but not PAO-1-infected mice, was observed for 14 days post-infection. These results suggest that A. baumannii is not completely eliminated despite the infiltration of immune cells in the lungs and that inflammation lasts for prolonged periods in the lungs. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of A. baumannii infection, and novel drugs and vaccines should be developed to prevent A. baumannii infection.
Characteristics of the Cervicovaginal Microenvironment in Childbearing-Age Women with Different Degrees of Cervical Lesions and HR-HPV Positivity
Authors: ZHAI QINGZHI , ZHANG WEIYI , ZHANG ZHE , FU YURONG , LI YANG , WANG XUEQI , LI LI’AN , MENG YUANGUANG
Published: December 2021

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the most important determinate in the development of cervical cancer, and cervical microecology can modulate cervical viral infection. However, few studies have been conducted on the microecological analysis of cervical diseases using strict physiological factors. This study investigated the characteristics and dynamics of cervical microecology in childbearing-age Chinese women with different degrees of HR-HPV-positive cervical lesions. A total of 168 subjects were selected according to the selection criteria, including healthy HPV-negative individuals (n = 29), HR-HPV-infected individuals (n = 29), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion individuals (LSIL, n = 32), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion individuals (HSIL, n = 40), and cervical cancer individuals (n = 38). We sampled cervical secretions from each subject and performed comparative analysis using the 16S rRNA sequencing method. Comparison analysis showed that Lactobacillus and Ignatzschineria were the dominant genera in the healthy group, while Gardnerella and Prevotella were more enriched in the disease groups. Based on the taxa composition, we roughly divided the development of cervical cancer into two phases: phase I was from healthy status to HR-HPV infection and LSIL; phase II was from LSIL to HSIL and cervical cancer. Different interactions among different genera were observed in different groups. Prevotella inhibited the abundance of Lactobacillus in the healthy group, while Prevotella inhabited the abundance of Gardnerella in the other groups. In the HR-HPV infection group, Ignatzschineria and Enterococcus showed a positive interaction but dissociated with the increase in cervical lesions, which might eventually lead to a continuous decrease in the abundances of Lactobacillus and Ignatzschineria.
In vitro Effects of Prebiotics and Synbiotics on Apis cerana Gut Microbiota
Authors: LV MINGKUI , LEI QINGZHI , YIN HUAJUAN , HU TIANNIAN , WANG SIFAN , DONG KUN , PAN HONGBIN , LIU YIQIU , LIN QIUYE , CAO ZHENHUI
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate in vitro effects of the selected prebiotics alone, and in combination with two potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains on the microbial composition of Apis cerana gut microbiota and acid production. Four prebiotics, inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, and isomalto-oligosaccharides were chosen, and glucose served as the carbon source. Supplementation of this four prebiotics increased numbers of Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria while decreasing the pH value of in vitro fermentation broth inoculated with A. cerana gut microbiota compared to glucose. Then, two potential probiotics derived from A. cerana gut at different dosages, Lactobacillus helveticus KM7 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri LP4 were added with isomalto-oligosaccharides in fermentation broth inoculated with A. cerana gut microbiota, respectively. The most pronounced impact was observed with isomalto-oligosaccharides. Compared to isomalto-oligosaccharides alone, the combination of isomalto-oligosaccharides with both lactobacilli strains induced the growth of Bifidobacterium, LAB, and total bacteria and reduced the proliferation of Enterococcus and fungi. Consistent with these results, the altered metabolic activity was observed as lowered pH in in vitro culture of gut microbiota supplemented with isomalto-oligosaccharides and lactobacilli strains. The symbiotic impact varied with the types and concentration of Lactobacillus strains and fermentation time. The more effective ability was observed with IMO combined with L. helveticus KM7. These results suggested that isomalto-oligosaccharides could be a potential prebiotic and symbiotic with certain lactobacilli strains on A. cerana gut microbiota.
Anecdotes of several archbishops of Canterbury: A lost bifolium from Reynistaðarbók – Discovered in The British Library
Authors: Ásgeirsson Bjarni
Published: December 2021

In 1787, Grímur Thorkelin, the secretary of the Arnamagnæan Commission, gave the manuscript collector Thomas Astle two paper manuscripts and a parchment bifolium. After Astle’s death, these manuscripts found their way into the Stowe collection and are now kept in the British Library. The paper manuscripts contain transcriptions of texts found in a manuscript in the Arnamagnæan collection and were probably written by Thorkelin himself. The bifolium was, however, written in the fourteenth century. It contains a compilation of short stories about English bishops, mostly archbishops of Canterbury, preceded by a short prologue. For the compilation, the compiler has gathered and adapted material from sources that were already available in Old Norse-Icelandic translations, including Árni Lárentíusson’s Dunstanus saga. However, not all the texts in the compilation are known to exist elsewhere in Icelandic translation. An examination shows that the bifolium was written by the same scribe who wrote parts of Reynistaðarbók in AM 764 4to, and a closer look reveals that the bifolium was once a part of that same manuscript. The last narrative on the bifolium tells the life of St Cuthbert, but its conclusion is now at the top of f. 36r in AM 764 4to. Furthermore, catalogues of the Arnamagnæan collection compiled in the first third of the seventeenth century show that tales about archbishops of Canterbury were included in AM 764 4to, but they are now missing. It thus appears that Thorkelin, who had easy access to Arnamagnæan manuscripts, removed the bifolium before journeying to England, causing its text to fall into oblivion for over two centuries. In the article, the history of the bifolium is discussed, and the script and orthography of its scribe examined and compared to that of scribe E in AM 764 4to. The sources of the compilation’s texts are traced, and the compiler’s methods are analysed. Finally, a diplomatic edition of the texts of the compilation that is now split between the Stowe bifolium and AM 764 4to is presented.
Модель нестационарного изгиба изотропной пластины Тимошенко с учетом диффузии
Authors:   ФГБОУ «Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский  университет)», Земсков А.В. ,   НИИ механики МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Тарлаковский Д.В. ,   НИИ механики МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова,   ФГБОУ «Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский  университет)»
Published: December 2021

Рассматривается нестационарная задача о нестационарном изгибе однородной изотропной пластины Тимошенко с учетом диффузии. Исходная математическая постановка включает в себя систему уравнений нестационарных изгибных колебаний пластины с учетом диффузии, которая получена из общей модели механодиффузии для сплошных сред с помощью вариационного принципа Даламбера. Сформулирована начально-краевая задача о нестационарном изгибе свободно опертой прямоугольной пластины. Проверены предельные переходы к модели Кирхгофа – Лява.
О влиянии термоупругости тел неоднородной структуры на рассеяние звука
Authors:   Тульский государственный университет, Ларин Н.В.
Published: December 2021

В работе [1] построена математическая модель дифракции звука на непрерывно-неоднородном изотропном термоупругом теле, граничащем с теплопроводной жидкостью. Движение жидкости рассматривается в рамках линеаризованной модели безвихревого течения идеальной сжимаемой жидкости с учетом тепловых воздействий. Тело, с которым взаимодействует жидкость, рассматривается в рамках классической модели линейной термоупругости. На основе этой дифракционной модели решены задачи дифракции плоской гармонической звуковой волны на цилиндрической [2] и сферической [3] непрерывно-слоистых оболочках и показано влияние термоупругости материала оболочек на рассеяние звука.
Генерация звука при фильтрации газа в пористой среде
Authors:   Институт энергетики и перспективных технологий ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН, Марфин Е.А. ,   Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, Натфуллин Р.А. ,   Институт энергетики и перспективных технологий ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН, Соловьев Р.И. ,   Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, Абдрашитов А.А. ,   Институт энергетики и перспективных технологий ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН
Published: December 2021

Фильтрация флюидов в пористых средах может сопровождаться акустической эмиссией - генераций фильтрационного шума. Спектральные характеристики таких шумов зависят от многих факторов, но главным образом от свойств скелета пористой среды. Причем спектры фильтрационного шума отличаются от спектров акустической эмиссией, вызванной чисто механической деформацией. В настоящей работе исследованы спектры шумов фильтрации в различных образцах пористых сред. Выявлена зависимость интенсивности акустических колебаний от перепада давления. Установлено также, что в зависимости от расположения акустического датчика спектры регистрируемых сигналов могут сильно отличаться.
Проблемы эксплуатации ответственных сооружений в криолитозоне
Authors:   ФГБУН Институт прикладной механики РАН, Королев М.В. , Власов А.Н. ,   ФГБУН Институт прикладной механики РАН
Published: December 2021

В связи с изменением климата и деградацией мерзлоты часто происходят аварии различных строительных объектов. Рассматриваются аварии на крупных объектах, случившиеся в последнее время. Анализируются причины аварий. Кратко приводятся методики экспертизы аварийных объектов. Рассматриваются и обобщаются общие причины аварий. Сформулированы основные направления по предотвращению и ликвидации аварийных ситуаций, в частности: требуется разработка эффективных методов обследования, создание эффективной системы мониторинга объектов, необходимость совершенствования системы негосударственной экспертизы промышленной безопасности объектов, разработка новых эффективных методов геомеханических испытаний, методов численного моделирования, способов восстановления поврежденных сооружений, а также разработка и актуализация соответствующей нормативной базы.
ZİYA GÖKALP'İN BİLİM ANLAYIŞI
Authors: BAŞARAN Vural , DEMİR Remzi
Published: December 2021

Doğanın yapısını araştırma ve bilgi edinmenin yolları bilim felsefesinin önemli problemleridir. Bu problemlerin bir kısmını ontolojik, epistemolojik ve metodolojik monizm ve plüralizm konuları oluşturur. Monistler varlık ve bilgi alanlarını teke indirme amacı güderken plüralistler bunun tam tersi olarak çokcu bir varlık ve buna mukabil epistemik alan ortaya koymaya çabalarlar. Biz de çalışmamızda öncelikle monist ve plüralist bilim anlayışlarının genel özelliklerini kısaca ortaya koymaya çalıştık. Bunun için evvela XX. yüzyılda tartışmanın seyrini belirleyen filozofların görüşlerini ve bu görüşlerin birbirleri ile olan irtibatı ele aldık. Problemin tarihsel boyutlarını ele aldıktan sonra güncel durumu özetledik. Daha sonra Türk düşünce hayatının önemli isimlerinden birisi olan Ziya Gökalp’in bilim anlayışını 1918 yılında Yeni Mecmua adlı dergide yayınladığı “Muhtelif İlim Telakkileri” adındaki makalesini göz önünde bulundurarak inceledik.
Ziya Gökalp altı sayfalık bu kısa metninde plüralist bilim anlayışını savunmaktadır. Burada hem metodolojik hem de ontolojik olarak plüralist bir yaklaşımı kabul ettiği görülmektedir. Sosyoloji metodunu Émile Durkheim’dan ödünç alan Ziya Gökalp, genel bilim algısı bakımından hem pozitivizmden hem de monist materyalizmden hayli uzaklaşan bir felsefe ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bilimsel kavrayışın oluşmasında Fransız filozofu Émile Boutroux’nun çalışmalarının etkili olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmamızdaki bu bulgu neticesinde Türk düşüncesini biçimlendiren felsefe öğretisinin tek başına pozitivizm olduğu yönündeki sava ihtiyatla yaklaşılması gerektiği açığa çıkmıştır.
Conversación con Elena de la Aldea: reflexiones acerca del cuidado y la subjetividad heroica
Authors: Rígoli Analía , De la Aldea Elena , Cerini Lucrecia , Cordero Mariela
Published: December 2021

El tema del cuidado ha sido un campo de interés creciente y actualmente a partir de la situación sanitaria por la pandemia de COVID-19. Un aspecto a considerar que resulta relevante en estos contextos es el de cuidar al que cuida, una de las dimensiones que se aborda haciendo hincapié en la problematización del concepto de subjetividad heroica, como así también algunas herramientas para pensar el autocuidado.

En estas conversaciones Elena de la Aldea, una informante clave en el tema, nos aporta problematizaciones enriquecedoras y fundamentales para pensar el autocuidado en profesionales que trabajan en constante vinculación con el sufrimiento o vulnerabilidad de determinadas poblaciones, con un testimonio de experiencia profesional de más de 50 años.

Elena de la Aldea es Licenciada en Psicología por la Universidad de Buenos Aires y Licenciada Complementaria en Psicología (Maestría) por la Universidad Católica de Lovaina, Bélgica, donde además cursó su Doctorado. Es Analista de Grupo por la Asociación Mexicana de Psicoterapia Analítica de Grupo de México. Es docente de grado y posgrado en diversas universidades en diversos países. Autora de numerosos escritos en relación a lo comunitario, al trabajo en equipo, al cuidar al que cuida, a la subjetividad heroica, y los cuidados.
Sedimentologi dan Tektonostratigrafi Formasi Halang di Cekungan Banyumas serta Potensinya untuk Reservoir Hidrokarbon
Authors: Purwasatriya Eko Bayu , Gibran Akhmad Khahllil , Rizki Aditama Maulana , Waluyu Gentur
Published: December 2021

Formasi Halang merupakan formasi yang dikenal dengan struktur turbidit dan diendapkan pada lingkungan laut dalam. Penelitian tentang reservoir Formasi Halang telah ditulis oleh beberapa penulis sebelumnya menyebutkan bahwa porositas batupasir Formasi Halang cukup baik namun diragukan permeabilitasnya, sehingga permasalahan utama reservoir batupasir Formasi Halang di Cekungan Banyumas adalah permeabilitasnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pengukuran penampang stratigrafi di lapangan, analisis dan interpretasi data laboratorium berupa data porositas, permeabilitas dan densitas, yang diintegrasikan dengan data sekunder hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fasies proksimal dan medial Formasi Halang mempunyai potensi sebagai reservoir dan adanya rejim tektonik kompresi pada umur Plio-Plistosen membentuk kekar-kekar pada batupasir sehingga menambah permeabilitasnya. Data sidewall core sumur Karang Gedang-1 juga menunjukkan masih adanya permeabilitas yang bagus pada batupasir Formasi Halang di bawah permukaan. Data XRMI juga menunjukkan adanya rekahan terbuka sebagian pada kedalaman sekitar 13.000 â€“ 14.000 kaki di bawah permukaan, sehingga kesimpulannya batupasir turbidit Formasi Halang mempunyai potensi sebagai reservoir hidrokarbon di Cekungan Banyumas.Katakunci: Batupasir, Cekungan Banyumas, Formasi Halang, Reservoir.
A template approach to pragmatic constituent order variation in modern Northern Mansi
Authors: Virtanen Susanna
Published: December 2021

Mansi belongs to the Ob-Ugrian branch of the Uralic language family. Northern Mansi constituent order and its pragmatic variation have not been examined comprehensively until now. This lack is filled in this article, by syntactic-pragmatic template analysis, using a new model of 9+1 templatic slots, which are filled with syntactic or pragmatic functions. Thus, this study is also an attempt to combine both pragmatic and syntactic levels in the same template analysis. Moreover, Rombandeeva’s (1979; 1984) earlier observations on Northern Mansi word order, and those of other scholars, are compared to those drawn here from contemporary data.
Typology of number systems in languages of Western and Central Siberia
Authors: Däbritz Chris Lasse
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the linguistic expression of number in seven languages from Western and Central Siberia. In a first step the number system of each language is described in detail, and afterwards the most relevant convergences and divergences of the languages are dealt with. Three particularly interesting phenomena are discussed in more detail: First, it is shown that the concept of general number, denoting noun forms underspecified for number, is able to account for a range of related phenomena (unmarked noun forms after numerals, nouns denoting paired objects). Second, singulatives in Selkup, Ket and partly Eastern Khanty are analyzed, whereby it is argued that their similar morphosyntactic and grammaticalization patterns allow for analyzing them as a contact phenomenon. Third, two splits on the animacy hierarchy between the first and second person in Dolgan as well as Chulym Turkic are presented. Finally, the results are evaluated against a broader areal-typological background, whereby it is shown that the category of number does not support any larger areal groupings within Western and Central Siberia, but that the analyzed languages rather adhere to patterns of number marking present all over Northern Eurasia.
Interactions of Renin-Angiotensin System and COVID-19: The Importance of Daily Rhythms in ACE2, ADAM17 and TMPRSS2 Expression
Authors: ZLACKÁ J , STEBELOVÁ K , ZEMAN M , HERICHOVÁ I
Published: December 2021

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was identified as a molecule that mediates the cellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several membrane molecules of the host cell must cooperate in this process. While ACE2 serves in a membrane receptor-mediating interaction with the surface spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 located on the virus envelope, enzyme A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) regulates ACE2 availability on the membrane and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) facilitates virus-cell membrane fusion. Interestingly, ACE2, ADAM17 and TMPRSS2 show a daily rhythm of expression in at least some mammalian tissue. The circadian system can also modulate COVID-19 progression via circadian control of the immune system (direct, as well as melatonin-mediated) and blood coagulation. Virus/ACE2 interaction causes ACE2 internalization into the cell, which is associated with suppressed activity of ACE2. As a major role of ACE2 is to form vasodilatory angiotensin 1-7 from angiotensin II (Ang II), suppressed ACE2 levels in the lung can contribute to secondary COVID-19 complications caused by up-regulated, pro-inflammatory vasoconstrictor Ang II. This is supported by the positive association of hypertension and negative COVID-19 prognosis although this relationship is dependent on numerous comorbidities. Hypertension treatment with inhibitors of renin-angiotensin system does not negatively influence prognosis of COVID-19 patients. It seems that tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 shows negative correlation to ACE2 expression. However, in lungs of infected patient, a high ACE2 expression is associated with better outcome, compared to low ACE2 expression. Manipulation of soluble ACE2 levels is a promising COVID-19 therapeutic strategy.
Is There Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Steroidogenesis and Fertility?
Authors: KNÍŽATOVÁ N , MASSÁNYI M , ROYCHOUDHURY S , GUHA P , GREIFOVÁ H , TOKÁROVÁ K , JAMBOR T , MASSÁNYI P , LUKÁČ N
Published: December 2021

In December of 2019, several cases of unknown atypical respiratory diseases emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. After preliminary research, it was stated that the disease is transmittable between humans and was named COVID-19. Over the course of next months, it spread all over the world by air and sea transport and caused a global pandemic which affects life of everyone now-a-days. A large number of countries, have since been forced to take precautions such as curfews, lockdowns, wearing facemasks etc. Even with vaccines being produced in mass numbers, lack of targeted therapy continues to be a major problem. According to studies so far it seems that elderly people are more vulnerable to severe symptoms while children tend to by asymptomatic or have milder form the disease. In our review, we focused on gathering data about the virus itself, its characteristics, paths of transmission, and its effect on hormone production and secretion. In such, there is insufficient information in the literature worldwide, especially the ones that focus on the effect of COVID-19 on individual organs systems within the human body. Hence, the present evidence-based study focused on the possible effects of COVID-19 on adrenal gland and gonads i.e. on the process of steroidogenesis and fertility.
Creation of Komi Autonomy as a result of the national policy of the Bolsheviks
Authors: Zherebtsov Igor L. , Lejman Irina I.
Published: December 2021

Basic aspects of history of creation of the Komi Autonomy are considered. It is noted that in the beginning of 20th century the territory of modern Republic of Komi was divided between four provinces, but Ust-Sysolsk was perceived as the informal centre of the Komi land. It is elucidated that in 1918 Komi politician D. Ya. Popov suggested to proclaim Komi Autonomy, and this idea was carried out in 1921 when the Komi Autonomous Region was formed. It is shown that D. A. Batiev made the major contribution to this process. It is noted that the majority of Komi politicians supported the creation of autonomous republic, but the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed only in 1936. It is revealed that the territory of the Komi Autonomy was repeatedly changed.
The history of the Belarusian-Chinese cooperation in the field of tourism in 2013–2020
Authors: Gaidukevich Leonid M.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the history of the formation of cooperation between Belarus and China in the field of tourism in the newest period of development in the context of the intensification of the Belarusian-Chinese interaction in general. The main tendencies of cooperation within the framework of the global Chinese project «One belt, one road» are outlined, the main tendencies of such cooperation and its specificity, including tourism sphere, are outlined; the main problematic issues in organising tourist exchange with the China are identified.
The hunger games: famine 1932–1933 in the historical policy of Ukraine and Russia
Authors: Menkouski Viachaslau I. , Šmigel’ Michal , Dubinka-Hushcha Lizaveta
Published: December 2021

The modern historical policy of Ukraine and the Russia is analysed. The study uses the methodology of historical memory studies, specifically, research of historical consciousness, collective and historical memory. The methodology is based on the analysis of a situation when ideas about the past as national history depend on the mentality and goal setting of a particular social, national or other group. The object of the study is the modern socio-political situation in Ukraine and Russia associated with the understanding and assessment of the famine of 1932–1933 both in the Soviet Union as a whole, and in Ukraine in particular. The authors consider the modern memorial culture of the two nations, highlight issues of regional and national identity and the formation of myths of national memory as central issues in the paper. The transformation of memorial practices and the legal framework of the Russia and Ukraine after the collapse of the Soviet Union is considered. The authors arrive at the conclusion that the discussion between the Russian and Ukrainian sides to this day has turned into constructing a scheme of the «reverse history» based on the projection of the present state of affairs into the past. It is not possible to find any fundamentally new evidence as long as the Russian archives remained classified, and the parties increasingly resort to a nationalist type of argumentation. Punning on the name of the famous Hollywood blockbuster, we can say that the «hunger games» have become a reality in the modern politics of memory of post-Soviet states.
The Evaluation of Online Persuasion Criteria on E-Commerce Website using Persuasive System Design (PSD) Model
Authors: Yin-Xia Loh  , Nor Aziati Binti Abdul Hamid
Published: December 2021

Persuasive technology in online shopping is proven to assist people while purchasing online. It is crucial to study how was the implementation of such successful persuasive technology in the e-commerce domain. Also, there are certain marketing strategies against consumers from different generational cohorts. Each generation has unique lifestyles, generational history, demographics, experiences, expectations and values that influence their buying behaviours. The persuasive design of e-commerce websites is related to the website conversion rate and is shown to support people throughout the online purchasing process. The objective of this research study is to evaluate the online persuasion criteria on two largest e-commerce websites in Malaysia; Lazada and Shopee through Persuasive System Design (PSD) principles. The four main categories of design technique applied in PSD are primary task support, dialogue support, credibility support and social support. The result shows that both selected e-commerce websites have applied 71.43% of the PSD principles. The most emphasize design technique in Lazada and Shopee is primary task support, followed by dialogue support. Most of the persuasive features in this model has implemented in both e-commerce websites. However, this research proved that the success of the e-commerce websites is related with the implemented persuasive feature which can be manipulated and implemented by other e-commerce websites.
From Lab to Market: Challenges Faced By Academic Entrepreneur in Technology Transfer Pursuit
Authors: Noorlizawati Abd Rahim  , Zainai B. Mohamed  , Astuty Amrin
Published: December 2021

The development of academic entrepreneurship is often benchmarked by the rate of patenting, licensing and spin-offs creation. However, these traditional indicators inherently require a long gestation period to materialize, thus creating a challenge to gauge the progress of novice universities. This paper preliminarily assesses the nature of academic entrepreneurship from a developing economy perspective and explore common challenges faced by academic entrepreneurs in bringing research discoveries from lab to market. Survey questionnaires were distributed to academic entrepreneurs of a public university in Malaysia and a series of answers to an open-ended question were analysed through content analysis. Although the results showed the rate of patents, licensing and start-up creations are modest, however, most of the scientists have made significant progress to the pre-commercialization stage by developing prototypes with commercial potential. The content analysis revealed that scientists’ entrepreneurial characteristics and institutional support were among the main factors that affect the commercialization of research discoveries. These findings suggest for the relevant authority to take improvement measures to enhance the efficiency of Technology Transfer Office and for the private funders and government disbursing agencies to provide more transparency in decision criteria and to reduce the period of application process and approval results. Avenues for future research are recommended based on the findings derived from this single case study.
The Challenges of Implementing Robotic Process Automation in Global Business Services
Authors: Dahlia Fernandez  , Aini Aman
Published: December 2021

Organizations use a variety of automation tools to simplify their tasks. One of the tools is Robotic Process Automation (RPA). Recently the issues of the less-than-successful use of the system have been raised. To address this issue, the aim of this study is to understand the challenges of implementing RPA in Global Business Services (GBS) industry. The study is conducted using an in-depth case study approach and interviews at one of the world’s largest oil and gas organizations in the GBS industry. The result of the study showed that the organization is facing various challenges and issues during and after implementing the RPA technology in their organization. Amongst the challenges are the limitation of the task that can be automated, system failure, and safety and data privacy issues. The study suggested that good planning during the implementation of RPA and a strong security team are crucial in solving the challenges faced by the organization.
Maksim Perbualan dan Elemen Pendidikan dalam Podcast #NOTAPIS
Authors: Zahid Indirawati
Published: December 2021

Maksim perbualan (MP) yang diusulkan oleh Grice (1975) bertujuan memastikan sesuatu komunikasi dapat berlangsung dengan lancar apabila MP dipatuhi. Ini tidak berlaku dalam realiti dan dibuktikan dalam podcast  #NoTapis (#NoTapis, 2020). #NoTapis ialah satu temu bual dengan seorang doktor berkaitan COVID-19.  Analisis ini mengaplikasikan metod kualitatif - muat turun, transkripi dan analisis teks. Analisis ini mempunyai dua objektif, iaitu pertamanya, mengenal pasti kepatuhan dan ketidakpatuhan MP; dan keduanya membincangkan faktor kepatuhan MP dan korelasinya dengan elemen pendidikan, iaitu domain kognitif dan afektif dalam taksonomi Bloom (1956). Objektif ini bertitik tolak daripada pandangan Gary (2020) bahawa terdapat kandungan podcast yang bersifat mendidik. Kepatuhan MP didapati berkorelasi dengan domain kognitif dan afektif. Korelasi pada domain kognitif berlaku pada semua aras kecuali aras 5 manakala bagi domain afektif, korelasi berlaku pada semua aras. Pematuhan MP didapati sentiasa berkorelasi dengan aras paling rendah kepada aras yang lebih tinggi. Ini bertepatan dengan penyataan bahawa pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) merupakan satu proses. Dalam konteks podcast ini, doktor berperanan sebagai “guru” manakala pendengar podcast merupakan “pelajar
FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AROUND THE OBJECTS OF ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, I Rabosh , V Khrutba ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Kobzysta ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the state of the road transport infrastructure in Ukraine has deteriorated significantly. With the process of urbanization and the expansion of the transport infrastructure, the ecological danger of the functioning of these strategically important objects increases, which requires effective methods of detailed study of the state of environmental components in areas of urban pollution in order to prevent negative consequences. Working with the problematic, using robots, we analyzed the methods to monitor the environmental situation around the road transport infrastructure for the development of recommendations for advancing efficiency. An algorithm for assessing the environmental situation around the objects of motor transport infrastructure is considered, based on monitoring the impact of these objects on the components of the environment and determining the main factors of this influence. The regularities and dependences of the influence of the motor transport infrastructure from the standpoint of environmental safety have been established. The indicators of pollution of the components of the environment in the study areas and methods of their production are analyzed. It has been concluded that a complex combination of chemical research methods with biodication is observable, makes it possible to analyze the effect of vehicles on various components of the environment (atmospheric air, soil and soil solutions, plants, animals, surface waters, etc.) and to establish the level of anthropogenic load. KEY WORDS: MOTOR VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, HARMFUL SUBSTANCES, POLLUTION
The Effect of Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage and Company Size on Sukuk Yield With The Rating of Sukuk as Intervening Variables
Authors: Syakdiyah Karimatus , Putra Purnama
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to test whether profitability, liquidity, leverage, and company size affect the yield of Sukuk with the Sukuk rating as an intervening variable. The method chosen to conduct this research is a quantitative method in which the data is processed using path analysis The data used in this research is secondary data. The sample used is 12 companies for the period 2012-2017.  Findings. The results of this study can be concluded that partially profitability has a significant positive effect, liquidity has a significant negative effect, leverage has no effect and is not significant, company size has a significant positive effect on the sukuk rating. While profitability has a significant negative effect, liquidity has no and insignificant effect, leverage has a significant negative effect, company size has no and insignificant effect, sukuk rating has no and insignificant effect on sukuk yield. The sukuk rating cannot mediate the profitability and leverage variables on the sukuk yield. However, the sukuk rating can mediate the liquidity variable and company size on the sukuk yield.
Error Correction Model Analysis in Measuring the Effect of Bank Internal Factors on Mudharabah Deposits for Islamic Commercial Banks
Authors: Yudhistira Ardana  , Syamsiyah Nur , Rohmi Misfi Laili , Renfiana Lilis
Published: December 2021

Islamic bank products to raise public funds can be in the form of demand deposits (wadiah), savings (mudharabah), and deposits (mudharabah). One of the profit-sharing rates in Islamic banks comes from internal factors, namely Return on Assets, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Financing to Deposit Ratio, and Operational Expenses Operating Costs. This study will examine the effect of bank internal factors on mudharabah deposits of Islamic commercial banks using an econometric model, namely the error correction model. Findings. The results showed that the bank's internal variables had a significant effect on mudharabah deposits both in the short and long term. Variables Return on Assets, Capital Adequacy Ratio, and Operational Expenses Operational costs both short and long term have a negative effect on mudharabah deposits.
Engineering of the Recombinant Expression and PEGylation Efficiency of the Therapeutic Enzyme Human Thymidine Phosphorylase
Authors: Karamitros Christos S. , Somody Catrina M. , Agnello Giulia , Rowlinson Scott
Published: December 2021

Human thymidine phosphorylase (HsTP) is an enzyme with important implications in the field of rare metabolic diseases. Defective mutations of HsTP lead to mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE), a disease with a high unmet medical need that is associated with severe neurological and gastrointestinal complications. Current efforts focus on the development of an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using the Escherichia coli ortholog (EcTP). However, bacterial enzymes are counter-indicated for human therapeutic applications because they are recognized as foreign by the human immune system, thereby eliciting adverse immune responses and raising significant safety and efficacy risks. Thus, it is critical to utilize the HsTP enzyme as starting scaffold for pre-clinical drug development, thus de-risking the safety concerns associated with the use of bacterial enzymes. However, HsTP expresses very poorly in E. coli, whereas its PEGylation, a crucial chemical modification for achieving long serum persistence of therapeutic enzymes, is highly inefficient and negatively affects its catalytic activity. Here we focused on the engineering of the recombinant expression profile of HsTP in E. coli cells, as well as on the optimization of its PEGylation efficiency aiming at the development of an alternative therapeutic approach for MNGIE. We show that phylogenetic and structural analysis of proteins can provide important insights for the rational design of N’-terminus-truncation constructs which exhibit significantly improved recombinant expression levels. In addition, we developed and implemented a criteria-driven rational surface engineering strategy for the substitution of arginine-to-lysine and lysine-to-arginine residues to achieve more efficient, homogeneous and reproducible PEGylation without negatively affecting the enzymatic catalytic activity upon PEGylation. Collectively, our proposed strategies provide an effective way to optimize enzyme PEGylation and E. coli recombinant expression and are likely applicable for other proteins and enzymes.
Hypoxia Stimulates SUMOylation-Dependent Stabilization of KDM5B
Authors: Zhou Bingluo , Zhu Yiran , Xu Wenxia , Zhou Qiyin , Tan Linghui , Zhu Liyuan , Chen Hui , Feng Lifeng , Hou Tianlun , Wang Xian , Chen Dingwei , Jin Hongchuan
Published: December 2021

Hypoxia is an important characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells can survive and propagate under the hypoxia stress by activating a series of adaption response. Herein, we found that lysine-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B) was upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) under hypoxia conditions. The genetic knockdown or chemical inhibition of KDM5B impaired the growth of GC cell adapted to hypoxia. Interestingly, the upregulation of KDM5B in hypoxia response was associated with the SUMOylation of KDM5B. SUMOylation stabilized KDM5B protein by reducing the competitive modification of ubiquitination. Furthermore, the protein inhibitor of activated STAT 4 (PIAS4) was determined as the SUMO E3 ligase, showing increased interaction with KDM5B under hypoxia conditions. The inhibition of KDM5B caused significant downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein and target genes under hypoxia. As a result, co-targeting KDM5B significantly improved the antitumor efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy in vivo. Taken together, PIAS4-mediated SUMOylation stabilized KDM5B protein by disturbing ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation to overcome hypoxia stress. Targeting SUMOylation-dependent KDM5B upregulation might be considered when the antiangiogenic therapy was applied in cancer treatment.
Presynaptic Autophagy and the Connection With Neurotransmission
Authors: Decet Marianna , Verstreken Patrik
Published: December 2021

Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved catabolic pathway essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Defective proteins and organelles are engulfed by autophagosomal membranes which fuse with lysosomes for cargo degradation. In neurons, the orchestrated progression of autophagosome formation and maturation occurs in distinct subcellular compartments. For synapses, the distance from the soma and the oxidative stress generated during intense neuronal activity pose a challenge to maintain protein homeostasis. Autophagy constitutes a crucial mechanism for proper functioning of this unique and vulnerable cellular compartment. We are now beginning to understand how autophagy is regulated at pre-synaptic terminals and how this pathway, when imbalanced, impacts on synaptic function and -ultimately- neuronal survival. We review here the current state of the art of “synaptic autophagy”, with an emphasis on the biogenesis of autophagosomes at the pre-synaptic compartment. We provide an overview of the existing knowledge on the signals inducing autophagy at synapses, highlight the interplay between autophagy and neurotransmission, and provide perspectives for future research.
Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Public Land, and the Spaces of Whiteness
Authors: Smith Joshua
Published: December 2021

In this essay, I examine the 2016 takeover of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. The principal instigators of this occupation, the Bundy family of Nevada, pointed to federally owned public lands as the primary reason for their takeover, citing the allegedly unconstitutional government ownership of these lands. I contend that the Bundys’ arguments about public lands exemplify rhetorical strategies that further one of the primary ends of settler colonialism; the remaking of land into property to better support white settlers’ claims to that land. I hold that the Bundys remake land by defining the land’s meanings following the logics of settler colonialism in three specific ways: privatization, racialization, and erasure. First, I examine the family’s arguments about the constitutionality of federal land ownership to show how the Bundys define public lands as rightfully private property. Second, I examine the ways that the Bundys racialize land ownership and how, in conjunction with arguments about property rights, the family articulates land as the domain of white settlers. Third, I discuss how the Bundys further colonial logics of Native erasure. That is, the family defines land in ways that portray Native Americans as having never been on the land, and as not currently using the land. I argue that these three processes render meanings of land––as private property, colonized, and terra nullius––that rhetorically further the operation of settler colonialism.
Austrian Elementary School Teachers’ Perception of Professional Challenges During Emergency Distance Teaching due to COVID-19
Authors: Woltran Flora , Chan Ralph , Lindner Katharina-Theresa , Schwab Susanne
Published: December 2021

Schools around the world have transitioned to emergency distance teaching due to the COVID-19 outbreak. In particular, the first lockdown (in early 2020) came unexpectedly for all actors and stakeholders in Austria. School authorities, parents, students and, above all, teachers were faced with considerable challenges. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the perception of Austrian elementary school teachers about distance teaching during the first lockdown. Using two different qualitative data sets from the Inclusive Home Learning (INCL-LEA) study, the following research question was investigated: what are the main challenges that elementary school teachers faced in distance teaching in Austria due to COVID-19? A multimethod qualitative research was carried out to answer the research question, and the data were evaluated using the topic analysis method. The teachers identified five greatest challenges: i) a lack of personal contact with the students; ii) additional workload and more stress, iii) non-existent technical equipment; iv) a lack of digital skills; and v) an inability to offer individual support for students at risk. This study has shown that better policies are needed to avoid these problems. Such solutions not only require the purchase of digital devices, but also the development of pedagogically well-thought-out and planned curricula and the provision of opportunities to improve digital skills. Furthermore, it also showed that sustainable working conditions needed to be created to counter the long-term effects of the heavy workload on teachers. However, the difference between distance teaching in times of the pandemic and regular online teaching also needs to be considered when developing and implementing policies.
Comparative Judgement for Linking Two Existing Scales
Authors: Benton Tom
Published: December 2021

This article describes an efficient way of using comparative judgement to calibrate scores from different educational assessments against one another (a task often referred to as test linking or equating). The context is distinct from other applications of comparative judgement as there is no need to create a new achievement scale using a Bradley-Terry model (or similar). The proposed method takes advantage of this fact to include evidence from the largest possible number of examples of students’ performances on the separate assessments whilst keeping the amount of time required from expert judges as low as possible. The paper describes the method and shows, via simulation, how it achieves greater accuracy than alternative approaches to the use of comparative judgement for test equating or linking.