bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint elicitation of elasticity of intertemporal substitution, risk and time preferences
Authors: de Castro Luciano , Galvao Antonio F. , Montes‐Rojas Gabriel , Olmo Jose
Published: September 2023

The elicitation of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS), discount factor and risk attitude parameters in dynamic models is of central importance to economics, finance and public policy. This paper suggests an alternative method to jointly elicit and estimate these three parameters using experimental data. We employ a new model based on dynamic quantile preferences, where individuals maximize the stream of future ‐quantile utilities, for . These preferences are simple, dynamically consistent and monotonic. In the quantile model, the risk attitude is captured by the quantile of the payoff distribution, while the EIS and the discount factor are related to the utility function describing individual's intertemporal behaviour, hence allowing for complete separability between risk, EIS and discount factor. The estimation of the parameters of interest uses a structural maximum likelihood method. Individual's risk aversion is estimated below the median. The discount factor is marginally smaller than estimates reported in the literature, and the EIS is slightly larger than one, which suggests that utility over time is concave. The estimates for the elasticity contrast with those reported by the existing studies using observational disaggregated data, which in general find an elasticity smaller than one.
An obstetric‐specific surgical Apgar score predicts maternal morbidity from cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Munoz Jessian L. , Curbelo Jacqueline , Ramsey Patrick S.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a continuum of placental conditions characterized by significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. Tools to accurately predict postoperative morbidity have been lacking due to the hemodynamic changes of pregnancy. The surgical Apgar score (SAS) is a 10‐point scale that assesses heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and estimated blood loss. The SAS has been validated to predict morbidity such as blood transfusion and reoperation.

Methods

We created an obstetric‐specific SAS (ObSAS) scale for physiologic changes of pregnancy (two‐fold increase in blood loss, 10% increased heart rate, and 5% decreased mean arterial pressure) and analyzed 110 cases of PAS who underwent cesarean hysterectomy.

Results

An ObSAS of 0–4 (poorest score) was significantly associated with increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (odds ratio [OR] 40.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9–742.9), transfusion >4 units (26/26 patients), and greater surgical morbidity (OR 22.7, 95% CI 4.4–415.0). ObSAS of 9–10 resulted in no ICU admissions (0/12), fewer blood transfusions (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1–0.4). and less surgical morbidity (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.37).

Conclusion

Given the overall surgical morbidity associated with PAS cesarean hysterectomy, the ObSAS score is a powerful tool with excellent predictive capabilities for ICU admission, blood transfusion, and surgical morbidity, allowing for resource allocation, prophylactic interventions, and optimal patient outcomes.
Layer‐controlled nonlinear terahertz valleytronics in two‐dimensional semimetal and semiconductor PtSe2
Authors: Hemmat Minoosh , Ayari Sabrine , Mičica Martin , Vergnet Hadrien , Guo Shasha , Arfaoui Mehdi , Yu Xuechao , Vala Daniel , Wright Adrien , Postava Kamil , Mangeney Juliette , Carosella Francesca , Jaziri Sihem , Wang Qi Jie , Liu Zheng , Tignon Jérôme , Ferreira Robson , Baudin Emmanuel , Dhillon Sukhdeep
Published: September 2023

Platinum diselenide () is a promising two‐dimensional (2D) material for the terahertz (THz) range as, unlike other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), its bandgap can be uniquely tuned from a semiconductor in the near‐infrared to a semimetal with the number of atomic layers. This gives the material unique THz photonic properties that can be layer‐engineered. Here, we demonstrate that a controlled THz nonlinearity—tuned from monolayer to bulk —can be realized in wafer size polycrystalline through the generation of ultrafast photocurrents and the engineering of the bandstructure valleys. This is combined with the layer interaction with the substrate for a broken material centrosymmetry, permitting a second order nonlinearity. Further, we show layer dependent circular dichroism, where the sign of the ultrafast currents and hence the phase of the emitted THz pulse can be controlled through the excitation of different bandstructure valleys. In particular, we show that a semimetal has a strong dichroism that is absent in the monolayer and few layer semiconducting limit. The microscopic origins of this TMD bandstructure engineering are highlighted through detailed DFT simulations, and shows the circular dichroism can be controlled when becomes a semimetal and when the K‐valleys can be excited. As well as showing that is a promising material for THz generation through layer controlled optical nonlinearities, this work opens up a new class of circular dichroism materials beyond the monolayer limit that has been the case of traditional TMDs, and impacting a range of domains from THz valleytronics, THz spintronics to harmonic generation.

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Progress and prospect of nanotechnology for cardiac fibrosis treatment
Authors: Gaytan Samantha L. , Beaven Elfa , Gadad Shrikanth S. , Nurunnabi Md
Published: September 2023

Cardiac fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the heart, leading to reduced cardiac functionality and heart failure. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic applications of nanotechnology for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. We first delve into the fundamental pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis, highlighting the key molecular players, including Matrix Metalloproteinases, Transforming Growth Factor‐beta, and several growth factors, cytokines, and signaling molecules. Each target presents a unique opportunity to develop targeted nano‐therapies. We then focus on recent advancements in nanotechnology and how nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver drugs or therapeutic genes. These advanced delivery approaches have shown significant potential to inhibit fibrosis‐promoting factors, thereby mitigating the fibrotic response and potentially reversing disease progression. In addition, we discuss the challenges associated with developing and translating nanotechnology‐based drug delivery systems, including ensuring biocompatibility, safety, and regulatory compliance. This review highlights how nanotechnology can bridge the gap between lab research and clinical practice for treating cardiac fibrosis.
Effects of K Scheduling on Soybean Multicropped with Sweet Corn and Cabbage: Crop Yields and Tissue and Soil K
Authors: Million J. B. , Sartain J. B. , Forbes R. B. , Usherwood N. R.
Published: September 2023

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has been grown recently in central Florida on vegetable‐producing soils which normally lie idle during the hot summer months. The objectives of this study were to determine the K requirements of a cabbage (Brasska oleraceae L. var. capitata)‐sweet corn (Zea mays L.)‐soybean intensively managed cropping sequence on a tile‐drained Immokalee vine sand (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Haplaquods). Eight different K fertilization schedules (varying in rate and timing) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with six replications over two complete triple‐cropping cycles. Yields of soybean and sweet corn were not increased by addition of 108 lb K2O/acre whenever the previous crop also received K; direct application of 216 lb K2O/acre to cabbage increased cabbage yields regardless of K application to previous sweet corn or soybean crops. Critical soil test K levels below which yields of sweet corn and soybean were increased by a 108 lb K2O/acre application were found to be 25 and 32 ppm K, respectively. Soil test K increased from preplant to soybean bloom without K addition, indicating that K from residues of the previous crop may be an important source of K for the subsequent crop and may account for the low critical values recorded. In 1982, leaf K at bloom and pod‐fill accounted for 50 and 60%, respectively, of the variation in soybean yield. Sidedress K applied at bloom increased leaf K concentration at pod‐fill from 0.65% to 0.92%. Due to the high variability in plant stand and crop growth of the 1983 no‐till soybean crop, no differences in leaf K concentration at late bloom were observed. Increased seed size accounted for an average 23% of the increase in soybean grain yield from the side‐dress K application at soybean bloom. It was concluded that yields of soybean, cabbage, and sweet corn in a multiple cropping sequence depend upon K fertilizer scheduling and can be predicted by soil testing and/or plant analysis.
Adverse Childhood Experiences: A 20‐Year Content Analysis of American Counseling Association and American School Counselor Association Journals
Authors: Zyromski Brett , Baker Emily , Betters‐Bubon Jennifer , Dollarhide Colette T. , Antonides Joseph
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this content analysis was to illustrate trends related to the use of the termadverse childhood experiences(ACEs), or terms related to the 10 components of ACEs, within 140 peer‐reviewed articles published in 22 journals affiliated with the American Counseling Association (ACA) and the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) between 1998 and 2018. Of the 9,120 articles published in the 22 ACA‐ and ASCA‐affiliated journals in that time, only three articles (0.03%) explicitly mentioned the termadverse childhood experiencesin the title, abstract, or keywords. Authors of 93 journal articles mentioned terms related to the original 10 categories of ACEs 104 times (1.0% of all published articles). The need for consistent language across research and practice is highlighted. Implications include ways that the counseling field may benefit from an increased clarity and focus around ACEs.
Individual and Contextual Factors Associated With School Connectedness in the Context of Counseling in Schools
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Kim Hyunhee , Carney JoLynn V. , Chung Kyung Sun , Hazler Richard J.
Published: September 2023

School connectedness refers to students' beliefs that their peers and adults at school care about their learning and themselves as individuals. School connectedness has been widely documented as a significant predictor for positive student outcomes, yet little is known about factors associated with it as an outcome variable. Guided by the advocating student‐within‐environment framework situated with the social development model, this study explored individual and contextual factors associated with school connectedness among 1,201 students in Grades 4 to 8. Gender, ethnicity, grade level, and social skills were found to be significant individual factors, whereas school support for learning and acceptance of diversity were significant contextual factors. Together, the individual and contextual factors explained 47% of the variance in school connectedness. Our findings also revealed grade‐related variability concerning associations between the factors and school connectedness. These findings provide further insights into fostering connectedness in the context of counseling in schools with consideration to students' developmental needs.
Investigating Psychometric Properties of Social Media Addiction Measures Among Adolescents
Authors: Watson Joshua C. , Prosek Elizabeth A. , Giordano Amanda L.
Published: September 2023

Assessment has a long history in counseling, with scholars noting multiple benefits to using assessment instruments in determining client strengths and needs as well as establishing relevant treatment goals. However, when counselors use unreliable or invalid instruments, they gather results that are ill equipped to inform clinical decision‐making. Consequently, we evaluated and compared the psychometric properties of three scales of social media addiction—the Social Media Disorder Scale (van den Eijnden et al., 2016), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (Andreassen et al., 2012, 2016), and the Social Media Addiction Scale (Al‐Menayes, 2015)—to inform clinical use. Adolescents (N = 440) between the ages of 13 and 19 completed the scales. Results indicated that each scale provides a reliable and valid measurement of problematic social media use or addiction among adolescents. We provide recommendations for choosing a social media assessment and for future research.
The clinical value of echocardiography combined with transabdominal vascular ultrasound in the diagnosis of different types of aortic dissection
Authors: Zhong Weihua , Li Kejun , Wang Fen , Zhang Tao , Xu Shouhong , Yao Shuzhi
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To analyze the clinical values of echocardiography combined with vascular ultrasound in the diagnosis of aortic dissection according to the DeBakey classification.

Methods

The clinical data of 77 patients with aortic dissection admitted to our hospital from August 2016 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were examined with ultrasound and CT angiography (CTA), the consistency between ultrasound and CTA ± intraoperative diagnosis for the classification of AD was checked, as well as the differences in ultrasound signs and Ultrasound parameters between different types of AD were analyzed.

Results

The results of Kappa value: There was a high level of agreement between echocardiography combined with transabdominal vascular ultrasound and CTA ± intraoperative diagnosis for the classification of AD (Kappa = 0.897, p = 0.000). In the ultrasound signs, the proportion of pericardial effusion, aortic regurgitation, aortic widening, and coronary artery involvement in type DeBakey I and II aortic dissection was significantly higher than that in Type III. There was no significant difference in the proportion of intimal floating, true and false lumen, and intimal rupture in Types I, II, and III aortic dissections. In the comparison of ultrasound parameters, there is a statistically significant difference in the values of LAD (left atrial diameter), LAV (left atrial volume), and LVEDD (left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter) among different types of aortic dissection. There is no significant difference in IVS (interventricular septum thickness), LVPW (left ventricular posterior wall thickness), LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction), and E/e′ ratio among different types of aortic dissection.

Conclusion

Echocardiography combined with transabdominal vascular ultrasound can accurately evaluate aortic dissection with real‐time dynamic images and provide important clinical significance for early individualized treatment of patients through accurate classification of different aortic dissection.
Synthesis of 18F‐radiolabeled organophosphine fluorides for thiol‐chemoselective peptide conjugation
Authors: Zhuang Huanglan , Guo Zhide , Zhuang Rongqiang , Zhang Xianzhong
Published: September 2023

Two 18F‐radiolabeled organofluorophosphine fluorides ([18F]4 and [18F]7) for chemoselective thiol‐conjugation were designed and synthesized via 18F–19F isotopic exchange reaction. This simple and rapid radiofluorination produced both 18F‐radiolabeled fluorides in excellent radiochemical yields (>94%) and radiochemical purity. The optimal reaction conditions are 0.05‐mg substrate, 0.69 mg of potassium carbonate, and dried [18F]F− were mixed in 100‐μl anhydrous acetonitrile at room temperature for 5 min. Both of [18F]4 and [18F]7 showed specificity for thiol‐conjugation with cysteine and have been used in the radiosynthesis of c (RGDfC). The [18F]7 with an adamantanyl‐hindered substituent displayed superior in vitro and in vivo stability.
Assessment of the Prognostic Value of MRI Left Ventricular Global Function Index (LVGFI) in Patients With End‐Stage Renal Disease Under Maintenance Dialysis
Authors: Zhang Tian‐yi , An Dong‐aolei , Fang Yan , Zhou Hang , Yan Hao , Chen Binghua , Lu Renhua , Fang Wei , Wang Qin , Che Xiajing , Xu Yao , Huang Jiaying , Jin Haijiao , Shen Jianxiao , Mou Shan , Wu Lian‐Ming
Published: September 2023

Background

Left ventricular global function index (LVGFI) integrates LV volumetric and functional parameters. In patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), cardiac injury manifests as LV hypertrophy and dysfunction. However, the prognostic value of LVGFI in this population remains unclear.

Purpose

To investigate the association of LVGFI with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with ESRD.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

One hundred fifty‐eight ESRD patients (mean age: 54.1 ± 14.4 years; 105 male) on maintenance dialysis.

Filed Strength/Sequence

3.0 T, balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) cine and modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequences.

Assessment

LV volumetric and functional parameters were determined from bSSFP images. LVGFI was calculated as the ratio of stroke volume to global volume and native T1 was determined from MOLLI T1 maps. MACE was recorded on follow up. Models were developed to predict MACE from conventional risk factors combined with LVGFI, GLS, native T1, and LV mass index (LVMI), respectively. Subgroup analyses were further performed in participants with LVEF above median.

Statistical Tests

Cox proportional hazard regression and log‐rank test were used to investigate the association between LVGFI and MACE. The predictive models were evaluated and compared using Harrell's C‐statistics and DeLong tests. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Thirty‐four MACE occurred during the median follow‐up period of 26 months. The hazard of MACE increased by 114% for each 10% decrease in LVGFI in univariable analysis. The predictive model consisting of LVGFI (C‐statistic: 0.724) had significantly better predictive performance than the others (all P < 0.001). These results were consistent in patients (N = 79) with LVEF > median (63.54%).

Data Conclusion

LVGFI is a novel marker for MACE risk stratification in patients with ESRD and was better able to predict MACE than native T1 mapping and GLS.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Time‐Resolved Quantification of Patellofemoral Cartilage Deformation in Response to Loading and Unloading via Dynamic MRI With Prospective Motion Correction
Authors: Rovedo Philipp , Meine Hans , Hucker Patrick , Taghizadeh Elham , Izadpanah Kaywan , Zaitsev Maxim , Lange Thomas
Published: September 2023

Background

In vivo cartilage deformation has been studied by static magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with in situ loading, but knowledge about strain dynamics after load onset and release is scarce.

Purpose

To measure the dynamics of patellofemoral cartilage deformation and recovery in response to in situ loading and unloading by using MRI with prospective motion correction.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Ten healthy male volunteers (age: [31.4 ± 3.2] years).

Field Strength/Sequence

T1‐weighted RF‐spoiled 2D gradient‐echo sequence with a golden angle radial acquisition scheme, augmented with prospective motion correction, at 3 T.

Assessment

In situ knee loading was realized with a flexion angle of approximately 40° using an MR‐compatible pneumatic loading device. The loading paradigm consisted of 2 minutes of unloaded baseline followed by a 5‐minute loading bout with 50% body weight and an unloading period of 38 minutes. The cartilage strain was assessed as the mean distance between patellar and femoral bone–cartilage interfaces as a percentage of the initial (pre‐load) distance.

Statistical Tests

Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests (significance level: P < 0.05), Pearson correlation coefficient (r).

Results

The cartilage compression and recovery behavior was characterized by a viscoelastic response. The elastic compression ([−12.5 ± 3.1]%) was significantly larger than the viscous compression ([−7.6 ± 1.5]%) and the elastic recovery ([10.5 ± 2.1]%) was significantly larger than the viscous recovery ([6.1 ± 1.8]%). There was a significant residual offset strain ([−3.6 ± 2.3]%) across the cohort. A significant negative correlation between elastic compression and elastic recovery was observed (r = −0.75).

Data Conclusion

The in vivo cartilage compression and recovery time course in response to loading was successfully measured via dynamic MRI with prospective motion correction. The clinical relevance of the strain characteristics needs to be assessed in larger subject and patient cohorts.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Role of cAMP receptor protein in phenotype and stress tolerance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Sawant Kirti , Shashidhar Ravindranath
Published: September 2023

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses. The survival of Salmonella in nature depends on the global regulators like cAMP receptor protein (CRP). The role of CRP in the phenotypic characteristics and stress tolerance was elucidated in S. Typhimurium using a crp gene null mutant (Δcrp). A 1.6‐fold decrease in the cell size, a two‐fold reduction in the colony size, and a 3.5‐fold decrease in motility were observed in the Δcrp compared with the S. Typhimurium wild‐type (WT). H2S production on selective media was affected in the Δcrp. The utilisation of d‐mannose, d‐glycerol and d‐mannitol was completely affected, whereas that of d‐galactose and d‐fructose was partially affected. The utilisation of d‐arabinose was induced in the Δcrp. The growth rate of the Δcrp in Luria Bertani medium was unaffected. However, in the glucose‐containing minimal medium, the growth rate of the Δcrp was reduced by 1.5‐fold compared with the WT. The Δcrp was able to utilise ethanolamine as the sole carbon source similar to the WT. The Δcrp was more tolerant to heat and oxidative stress. Overexpression of heat and oxidative stress‐related genes was observed in the Δcrp in the stationary phase. The Δcrp was less tolerant to radiation stress compared with the WT. The current findings decisively establish the CRP protein as a global regulator. The CRP affects multiple phenotypes, carbon metabolism and stress physiology of S. Typhimurium.
Apigenin promotes antibacterial activity via regulation of nitric oxide and superoxide anion production
Authors: Kim Suhyun , Woo Eun‐Rhan , Lee Dong Gun
Published: September 2023

Apigenin is a naturally occurring flavone isolated from the medicinal herb, Aster yomena. The present study was designed to elucidate the apoptosis‐like antibacterial mechanism of apigenin in Escherichia coli. Administration of apigenin resulted in a rapid increase in intracellular calcium accompanied by an increase in reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. Furthermore, apigenin increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O2–) which left E. coli with no ability to activate superoxide dismutase. Finally, we found that perturbance of the membrane lipid bilayer leading to glutathione oxidation and formation 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine occurred during the process and apoptosis‐like death hallmarks were further observed. Furthermore, we applied the NO synthase inhibitor (
l‐NAME) and the O2– scavenger (Tiron) and observed attenuation in apoptotic markers under their presence. Taken together, these results suggest that apigenin induces bacterial apoptosis via activation of cellular oxidative pathways dependent on the production and accumulation of RNS/ROS.
Association between Estrogen Exposure and Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Nanda Nainika , Huang Li‐Ching , Chen Sheau‐Chiann , Berry Lynne D. , Talatala Edward Ryan R. , Clark Evan , Ye Wenda , Gelbard Alexander , Francis David O. ,   the North American Airway Collaborative
Published: September 2023

Objective

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare, recurrent, fibroinflammatory disease affecting the larynx and proximal trachea. Given it occurs primarily in adult females, estrogen is speculated to play a central pathophysiological role. This study aimed to evaluate relationships between estrogen exposure, disease progression, and recurrence.

Methods

North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC) data of adults with iSGS obstructive airway lesions, who underwent index endoscopic airway dilation, were used to identify associations between estrogen exposure, disease characteristics, and time to recurrence (TTR), and interventions were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test and Pearson coefficient. Cox proportional hazards regression models compared hazard ratios by estrogen exposure. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted for TTR based on menopausal status.

Results

In all, 533 females had complete estrogen data (33% premenopausal, 17% perimenopausal, 50% postmenopausal). Median estrogen exposure was 28 years. Overall, there was no dose–response relationship between estrogen exposure and disease recurrence. Premenopausal patients had significantly shorter time from symptom manifestation to diagnosis (1.17 vs. 1.42 years perimenopausal vs. 2.08 years postmenopausal, p < 0.001), shorter time from diagnosis to index endoscopic airway dilation (1.90 vs. 2.50 vs. 3.76 years, p = 0.005), and higher number of procedures (1.73 vs. 1.20 vs. 1.08 procedures, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

We demonstrate premenopausal patients may have a more aggressive disease variant than their peri‐ and postmenopausal counterparts. However, it is unclear as to whether this is related to reduced estrogen in the peri‐ and postmenopausal states or the age‐related physiology of wound healing and inflammation, regardless of estrogen.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:825–830, 2024
Impact of publisher's commercial or non‐profit orientation on editorial practices: Moving towards a more strategic approach to supporting editorial staff
Authors: Krapež Katarina
Published: September 2023

This study was guided by previous research highlighting the significance of journal publishers' commercial or non‐profit orientations in shaping academic editors' perspectives regarding the necessity of enhancing editorial and business practices. There is limited understanding of how the editor–publisher relationship varies based on publishers' commercial orientation. This study revealed five key factors influencing editors' attitudes towards how publishers strive to provide high‐quality publications: (i) availability of high‐quality publication services; (ii) sufficient technological support and access to visibility‐related data; (iii) accessible marketing and indexing services; (iv) access to continuous education for the editorial team; and (v) a balance between editorial autonomy and publisher support in managing the journal. The study indicated that editors partnering with commercial publishers tended to receive more extensive and advanced services, better technological support, and more training opportunities, contributing to the production of superior end products. However, working with commercial publishers resulted in the trade‐off of less editorial independence, which sometimes compromised editors' decision‐making ability and made them feel uncertain about their further involvement. The study's findings highlighted the importance of publishers adopting a more strategic approach to support their editorial staff, while considering the unique needs of each journal.
Revealing Mie Resonances with Enhanced and Suppressed Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Responses in a Hexagonal‐Prism‐Like MoS2 Nanoparticle
Authors: Panmai Mingcheng , Xiang Jin , Zhou Lidan , Li Shulei , Lan Sheng
Published: September 2023

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), have attracted great interest owing to their excellent electronic and optical properties. Efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) has been successfully demonstrated in the MoS2 monolayer, in sharp contrast to the negligible SHG from the bulk material. Here, the nonlinear optical responses of hexagonal‐prism‐like MoS2 nanoparticles are investigated, which support Mie resonances in the near infrared spectral range. It is revealed that the Mie resonances of such a MoS2 nanoparticle can be clarified into two types, which exhibit enhanced and suppressed SHG. It is verified that the SHG from the MoS2 nanoparticle is strongly correlated with the electric field distribution at the optical resonance. For the electric quadrupole mode with an anti‐symmetric electric field distribution, the SHG is greatly suppressed. As a result, a nanohole appears in the emission pattern of the SHG from the MoS2 nanoparticle. In sharp contrast, the SHG from the electric dipole mode with a symmetric electric field distribution can be one order of magnitude stronger than that from a MoS2 monolayer. The findings open new horizons for manipulating the nonlinear optical responses of TMDC nanoparticles and pave the way for realizing photonic devices.
Single‐Shot Wavefront Sensing with Nonlocal Thin Film Optical Filters
Authors: Li Liu , Jia Wenhe , Jin Chunqi , Wang Shuai , Shen Zicheng , Yang Yuanmu
Published: September 2023

Conventional wavefront sensors suffer from the fundamental limitation of the space‐bandwidth product and have a trade‐off between their spatial sampling interval and dynamic range. Here, nonlocal thin film optical filters with optimized angle‐ and polarization‐dependent responses are leveraged to circumvent the fundamental limitation, and a robust single‐shot wavefront sensing system with a small spatial sampling interval of 6.9 µm and a large angular dynamic range of 15° is realized. The system only requires inserting two multilayer dielectric filters, fabricated using a mature thin film deposition technique, into a conventional 4‐f imaging apparatus. The polarization‐sensitive nonlocal filters are used to map the 2D phase gradients of the incident light field to the intensity variation of the x‐ and y‐polarized light, respectively, thus enabling single‐shot 2D wavefront reconstruction from images taken by a polarization camera. Such a system may be used for a variety of applications, including high‐resolution image aberration correction, surface metrology, and quantitative phase imaging.
Phase Behaviors of Charged Macromolecules in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Yang Yiming , Jia Di
Published: September 2023

Compared to the charge–charge interaction, the role of the dipole‐dipole interaction has long been ignored in the phase behaviors of charged macromolecules in solutions. Charged macromolecules in solutions exhibit rich phase behaviors due to their complexity and they have been studied extensively. Phase separation can happen for charged macromolecules in the presence of monovalent salt, multivalent salt, and oppositely charged polymers, surfactants, etc., and for more advanced charged macromolecules such as polyzwitterions and polyampholytes, the phase diagram is even richer. In this perspective, the unacknowledged role of dipole‐dipole interaction in the phase behaviors of charged macromolecular solutions will be introduced. Dipolar polymers can form complex, self‐regulating structures which can be employed in various fields from drug‐delivery systems to next‐generation polymers. More importantly, it will shed light on how some of the life's basic and coherent structures such as biomolecular condensates and membrane‐less organelles are assembled and built by charged biomacromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins.
A compact embedding result and its applications to a nonlocal Schrödinger equation
Authors: Gu Guangze , Zhang Xu , Zhao Fukun
Published: September 2023

Compactness is a fundamental issue in nonlinear analysis. Assume and with , we consider a subspace of , which is the space of invariant functions corresponding to a subgroup G of , where is a kind of function spaces including fractional Sobolev spaces . We show that the embeddings are compact for provided Ω is compatible with G, where is the fractional Sobolev critical exponent. Moreover, the existence and multiplicity of radial and nonradial solutions were obtained of the following nonlocal Schrödinger equation:
where is an integro‐differential operator has order 2s and can be given by
and the kernel K satisfies the following properties:

there is and such that for any ;

, where .
Vocational education reform and corporate skilled human capital: Evidence from China
Authors: Yi Xing , Zhang Jinghe , Yan Hong , Zhou Lei
Published: September 2023

This paper uses panel data from China at the city, college, and corporation levels and employs the difference‐in‐differences method to study the impact of the Vocational Education Reform (VER) on corporate skilled human capital. We find that (1) the VER significantly increases the level of corporate skilled human capital. (2) The impact of the VER on corporate skilled human capital is long‐lasting and sustained. (3) The VER strengthens the human capital in regional manufacturing by boosting funding for vocational education, raising the level of science education in schools, and promoting corporate development, thereby increasing the demand for skilled human capital.
Slowdown in total factor productivity of French private companies: Between microeconomic heterogeneity and inappropriate government policies
Authors: Bouattour Afef , Kalai Maha , Helali Kamel
Published: September 2023

This article aims to find an explanation for the slowdown in the total factor productivity (TFP) of private firms on the one hand, and on the other hand, to show the need for state intervention through government policies whose impacts on TFP were verified in the literature. In this paper, we examined the relationship between different government policies and TFP growth for 78 French firms covering the period 2005 to 2019. Firstly, this study showed that TFP varies considerably over time, suggesting that microeconomic factors may have an important impact on firms' TFP. Secondly, some of the government policies were favorable to TFP growth while others were rather hindering. Indeed, the positive impact of both public infrastructure spending and public subsidies to French firms shows that an expansionary fiscal policy would allow a recovery in TFP. On the other hand, taxes on imported products, the exchange rate and cost‐competitiveness ratio, with a negative impact, show that the competitiveness policies adopted are unfavorable to the resumption of TFP growth. Thirdly, it should be noted that operating, investment and R&D subsidies were channels for the effectiveness of French government policies. Finally, by taking into account a set of macroeconomic indicators, the study confirmed the positive impact of a favorable macroeconomic environment on the recovery of TFP.
Acoustic scattering from a wave‐bearing cavity with flexible inlet and outlet
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Bilal Hazrat , Ahmed Naveed , Wahab Abdul
Published: September 2023

In this article, we substantiate the appositeness of the mode‐matching technique to study the scattering response of bridging elastic plates connecting two flexible duct regions of different heights. We present two different solution schemes to analyze the structure‐borne and fluid‐borne radiations in the elastic plate‐bounded waveguide. The first scheme supplements the mode‐matching technique with the so‐called tailored‐Galerkin approach that uses a solution ansatz with homogeneous and integral parts corresponding to the vibrations of the bridging elastic plate and the cavity, respectively. In the second scheme, we supplement the mode‐matching technique with the modal approach wherein the displacement of the bridging elastic plate is projected onto the eigenmodes of the cavity. To handle the non‐orthogonality of the eigenfunctions, we invoke generalized orthogonality relations. An advantage of the proposed mode‐matching schemes is that they provide a convenient way of incorporating a variety of edge conditions on the joints of the plates, including clamped, pin‐joint, or restraint connections. The numerical analysis of the waveguide scattering problems substantiates that edge connections on the joints have a significant impact on the scattering energies and transmission loss. Furthermore, it appears that the transmission loss and structural vibration attenuation in the expansion chamber may be improved by adjusting chamber dimensions and excitation modes.
A Quinoa Protein Hydrolysate Fractionated by Electrodialysis with Ultrafiltration Membranes Improves Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Busso Dolores , González Adrián , Santander Nicolás , Saavedra Fujiko , Quiroz Alonso , Rivera Katherine , González Javier , Olmos Pablo , Marette André , Bazinet Laurent , Illanes Sebastián , Enrione Javier
Published: September 2023

Scope

Quinoa intake exerts hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in animals and humans. Although peptides from quinoa inhibit key enzymes involved in glucose homeostasis in vitro, their in vivo antidiabetic properties have not been investigated.

Methods and results

This study evaluated the effect of oral administration of a quinoa protein hydrolysate (QH) produced through enzymatic hydrolysis and fractionation by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) (FQH) on the metabolic and pregnancy outcomes of Lepdb/+ pregnant mice, a preclinical model of gestational diabetes mellitus. The 4‐week pregestational consumption of 2.5 mg mL−1 of QH in water prevented glucose intolerance and improves hepatic insulin signaling in dams, also reducing fetal weights. Sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of the defatted FQH (FQHD) identified 11 peptides 6–10 amino acids long that aligned with the quinoa proteome and exhibited putative anti‐dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐IV) activity, confirmed in vitro in QH, FQH, and FDQH fractions. Peptides homologous to mouse and human proteins enriched for biological processes related to glucose metabolism are also identified.

Conclusion

Processing of quinoa protein may be used to develop a safe and effective nutritional intervention to control glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Further studies are required to confirm if this nutritional intervention is applicable to pregnant women.
Image quality improvement in bowtie‐filter‐equipped cone‐beam CT using a dual‐domain neural network
Authors: Yun Sungho , Jeong Uijin , Lee Donghyeon , Kim Hyeongseok , Cho Seungryong
Published: September 2023

Background

The bowtie‐filter in cone‐beam CT (CBCT) causes spatially nonuniform x‐ray beam often leading to eclipse artifacts in the reconstructed image. The artifacts are further confounded by the patient scatter, which is therefore patient‐dependent as well as system‐specific.

Purpose

In this study, we propose a dual‐domain network for reducing the bowtie‐filter‐induced artifacts in CBCT images.

Methods

In the projection domain, the network compensates for the filter‐induced beam‐hardening that are highly related to the eclipse artifacts. The output of the projection‐domain network was used for image reconstruction and the reconstructed images were fed into the image‐domain network. In the image domain, the network further reduces the remaining cupping artifacts that are associated with the scatter. A single image‐domain‐only network was also implemented for comparison.

Results

The proposed approach successfully enhanced soft‐tissue contrast with much‐reduced image artifacts. In the numerical study, the proposed method decreased perceptual loss and root‐mean‐square‐error (RMSE) of the images by 84.5% and 84.9%, respectively, and increased the structure similarity index measure (SSIM) by 0.26 compared to the original input images on average. In the experimental study, the proposed method decreased perceptual loss and RMSE of the images by 87.2% and 92.1%, respectively, and increased SSIM by 0.58 compared to the original input images on average.

Conclusions

We have proposed a deep‐learning‐based dual‐domain framework to reduce the bowtie‐filter artifacts and to increase the soft‐tissue contrast in CBCT images. The performance of the proposed method has been successfully demonstrated in both numerical and experimental studies.
Association of anthropometric z score with complications and length of hospital stay in children with severe pneumonia aged 3 months to 5 years
Authors: Lin Ying , Shi Qian , Yang Junhong , Huang Guowei , Yan Jing
Published: September 2023

Background

Severe pneumonia in children accounts for a significant healthcare burden, involving prolonged hospitalization and increased risk of complications. The prognosis is closely related to the child's nutrition status. Anthropometric z scores are preferred to evaluate growth levels in children. This study aimed to investigate the association of anthropometric z scores with complications and length of hospital stay (LOS) in children with severe pneumonia.

Methods

This study included 361 hospitalized children aged 3 months to 5 years with severe pneumonia in Tianjin, China. Anthropometry was performed, and anthropometric z scores were calculated. Blood laboratory indices were assessed, and complications and LOS were recorded.

Results

The average anthropometric z scores were −0.10 ± 1.15 (body mass index for age z score), 0.00 ± 0.97 (upper arm circumference for age z score [ACAZ]), and −0.14 ± 1.00 (triceps skinfold thickness for age z score [TSAZ]). The prevalence of complications was 73.96% (n = 267), including 82 children with only respiratory complications, 71 with only extrapulmonary complications, and 114 with both. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the noncomplication group, only the extrapulmonary complication group had a lower TSAZ (odds ratio [OR] = 0.597; 95% CI = 0.405–0.880; P < 0.05), whereas the respiratory and extrapulmonary complication group had a lower ACAZ (OR = 0.674; 95% CI = 0.469–0.969; P < 0.05) and TSAZ (OR = 0.573; 95% CI = 0.389–0.843; P < 0.05). ACAZ (β = −0.368; 95% CI = −0.720 to 0.016; P < 0.05) and TSAZ (β = −1.123; 95% CI = −1.470 to −0.777; P < 0.05) were negatively correlated with LOS.

Conclusion

ACAZ and TSAZ were associated with complications and LOS of severe pneumonia in children aged 3 months to 5 years.
Cognition in patients with post‐bariatric hypoglycemia
Authors: Puleio Alexa , Sheehan Amanda , Musen Gail , Patti Mary Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

Objective

Bariatric surgery, a highly effective treatment for obesity and associated comorbidities, may improve cognition and brain volume in parallel with cardiometabolic function. However, some post‐bariatric individuals develop post‐bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH), which can be frequent and severe. The impact of recurrent hypoglycemia on cognition in PBH is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether individuals with PBH display reduced cognitive function compared with postsurgical counterparts without hypoglycemia.

Methods

Fourteen adults with a history of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass with hypoglycemia (PBH+, n = 7) or without PBH (PBH−, n = 7) completed assessments of memory, executive function, attention, and psychomotor speed.

Results

PBH+ individuals displayed significantly decreased performance in category fluency (p < 0.01), category switching (p < 0.01), and category switching accuracy (p < 0.01), compared with PBH− individuals. Performance in the first (p = 0.03) and third intervals (p = 0.045) of verbal fluency was significantly lower in PBH+ individuals versus PBH− individuals. All other assessments did not differ.

Conclusions

PBH+ individuals may be at greater risk for cognitive impairment compared with PBH− individuals, as suggested by impaired semantic processing and cognitive flexibility, as well as greater difficulty initiating and sustaining word retrieval.
Maxillary Frenulum and “Lip Tie”: What Parents Understand
Authors: Bacon Beatrice R. , Carr Michele M.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To determine the proportion of parents that have some knowledge of abnormal maxillary frenulum, or “lip tie,” and their sources of this information.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Otolaryngology clinic.

Methods

Consecutive parents of children ≤12 years of age presenting at a pediatric otolaryngology clinic were surveyed to discover their understanding of “lip tie” in children. The survey included questions on the effects of “lip tie,” where they learned about “lip tie,” whether they thought their child had “lip tie,” whether they had a child undergo “lip tie” division, and how concerned they would be if they thought their child had “lip tie.” Information on participant demographics and social media was collected.

Results

Overall, 59.8% (193) of the 323 parents surveyed had heard of “lip tie”; of those, 17.1% (33) had a child that had undergone “lip tie” surgery. Most parents (91.2%, 176) thought “lip tie” caused breastfeeding problems. Roughly one‐quarter of parents (51 of 197 responses) rated their concern about “lip tie” as >8 of 10 on a Likert scale (mean, 5.7). The reported sources of “lip tie” information included lactation consultants (36.8%, 71), nurses (22.8%, 44), and pediatricians (31.6%, 61) as well as nonmedical sources, such as social media, family, and friends (68.4%, 132). Overall, 87% (282) of the 323 participants reported daily use of social media.

Conclusion

Although many parents are concerned about “lip tie,” much of their information on this condition comes from nonmedical sources. Social media would be a valuable platform to provide accurate information on “lip tie.”
Ductile damage and failure of thin sheet metals: New biaxial experiments and numerical simulations
Authors: Gerke Steffen , Valencia Fabuer R. , Brünig Michael
Published: September 2023

The paper deals with the ductile damage and failure behavior of thin sheet metals under proportional biaxial loading paths. A newly designed specimen is presented and an experimental series with different loading ratios is performed. Corresponding numerical simulations including plastic anisotropy reflect the stress state and enable the interpretation of the different damage mechanisms. Due to fabrication issues the specimen geometry for this class of materials has to get by without notches in thickness direction and consequently the new specimens pre‐define the localization by a series of holes. The strain fields at the specimen surface are evaluated by digital image correlation and the fracture surface is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental and numerical methods described here provide a possibility for the targeted investigation of the ductile damage behavior of thin sheet metals under proportional loading.
Investigation of the effect of surface modification types on the tribological performance of cow bone powder reinforced polymer materials
Authors: Kabave Kilincarslan Sena , Cetin M. Huseyin , Kanbur Yasin , Sismanoglu Sedef , Polat Refik
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the production, characterization, mechanical and tribological performance of surface‐modified cow bone powder‐reinforced composites. The primary goal was to increase the tribological and mechanical performance of sustainable and cleanly produced composite materials. It was determined that the surface‐modified bone powder reinforcement increased the mechanical, thermal, and wear resistance of the polymer. The best surface modification method was determined as silanization. It reduced the friction coefficient and weight loss by 16.60% and 40.0%, respectively, according to the main factor analysis. In addition, it increased the glass transition temperature by 45.54%, crystallization by 2.93%, hardness by 2.70%, and tensile strength by 9.26% compared to the unmodified bone powder reinforcement.

Highlights

Surface‐modified cow bone powder‐reinforced composites were produced and characterized.

The tribological and mechanical performance of the composites was investigated comprehensively.

Surface‐modified composites improved the wear resistance.

Surface‐modified composites improved the thermal resistance and mechanical properties.

The best surface modification method was found to be silanization.