bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental demonstration of a silicon four-mode (de)multiplexer based on cascaded triple-waveguide couplers
Authors: Yu Xiaojun , Jiang Weifeng
Published: July 2024

Silicon photonics based on-chip mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is an appealing technology for enhancing the interconnect capacity in both short- and long-haul optical communication. Here, a silicon four-mode (de)multiplexer [(De)MUX] is proposed, optimized, fabricated, and characterized for on-chip MDM systems, based on three cascaded triple-waveguide couplers (TWCs), with coupling lengths below 24.25 µm. A four-mode MDM-link consisting of two back-to-back mode-(De)MUXs was fabricated and measured, yielding a crosstalk of less than −15.0dB over a bandwidth wider than 72.6 nm for four modes. In addition, the TWC based mode (De)MUX demonstrates a 1-dB bandwidth greater than 40 nm, and can be considered as a robust component for multimode on-chip networks.
Calculating point spread functions: methods, pitfalls, and solutions
Authors: Holinirina Dina Miora Ratsimandresy , Rohwer Erich , Kielhorn Martin , Sheppard Colin , Bosman Gurthwin , Heintzmann Rainer
Published: July 2024

The knowledge of the exact structure of the optical system point spread function (PSF) enables a high-quality image reconstruction in fluorescence microscopy. Accurate PSF models account for the vector nature of light and the phase and amplitude modifications. Most existing real-space-based PSF models fall into a sampling pitfall near the center position, yielding to the violation of energy conservation. In this work, we present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, Fourier-based techniques for computing vector PSF and compare them to the state-of-the-art. Our methods are shown to satisfy the physical condition of the imaging process. They are reproducible, computationally efficient, easy to implement, and easy to modify to represent various imaging modalities.
O-band and C-band dual-polarization SMF-28 edge coupler with SiON taper cladding based on silicon nitride platform
Authors: Li Yaqian , Xu Jinbin , Quan Xueling , Guo Chenxing , Jin Xin , Cheng Xiulan
Published: July 2024

Optical communication is progressing towards low power consumption and lightweight solutions, necessitating the integration of multispectral output capabilities within a single optical module. We demonstrate a SiN photonic platform-based edge coupler for a standard single mode fiber (SMF) that enables operation in both the O-band and C-band simultaneously. The device is composed of a multi-segment SiN inverse taper and SiON taper cladding with specific refractive index. The measured edge coupler exhibits a coupling loss of less than 1 dB/facet, 0.5 dB bandwidth exceeding 100 nm from 1260 nm to 1360 nm; and a coupling loss of less than 2 dB/facet, 1 dB bandwidth exceeding 100 nm from 1500 nm to 1600 nm. Furthermore, the polarization dependent loss (PDL) remained less than 0.3 dB throughout the measurement range.
Super broadband light source: a promising master oscillator source for high brightness and high-power fiber amplifiers
Authors: Chen Qi , Li Wei , Deng Yu , Chen Yisha , Liu Wei , Pan Zhiyong , Chen Zilun , Ma Pengfei , Wang Zefeng
Published: July 2024

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and transverse mode instability (TMI) effects are crucial limitation factors for further power scaling of high-power fiber amplifiers with near-diffraction-limited beam quality. It is an important research direction to carry out laser system optimization from the perspective of seed construction. In this work, we experimentally investigated the impact of utilizing different seed lasers on the SRS and TMI characteristics in high power ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Both the phase modulated single frequency fiber laser (PMSFL), fiber oscillator laser (FOL), and superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) as a typical type of temporally stable broadband light source (SBLS) are employed as seed lasers. The experimental results indicated that the SRS intensity in the fiber amplifier is influenced by the properties of the seed laser source. Notably, the SRS threshold of the SBLS could be comparable to that of a low-noise PMSFL source. There is a significant increase in TMI threshold when employing SBLS as a seed laser in high-power fiber amplifiers, which is 3.86 times that of the injected seed laser with a 3 dB narrow linewidth of 0.74 nm. Considering the combined threshold characteristics of SRS and TMI, it can be found that SBLS is a promising master oscillator source for high brightness and high-power fiber amplifiers. Our work could provide a good reference for the selection of a master oscillator source, and we believe that it is an important direction to go beyond the power limitation of high-power fiber lasers by constructing a light source with broader spectral linewidth and temporal stability.
Optical switching with high-Q Fano resonance of all-dielectric metasurface governed by bound states in the continuum
Authors: Lv Jingwei , Ren Yanru , Wang Debao , Wang Jianxin , Lu Xili , Yu Ying , Li Wei , Liu Qiang , Xu Xinchen , Liu Wei , Chu Paul K. , Liu Chao
Published: July 2024

The discovery of bound states in the continuum (BIC) of optical nanostructures has garnered significant research interest and found widespread application in the field of optics, leading to an attractive approach to achieve high-Q (Quality factor) Fano resonance. Herein, an all-dielectric metasurface consisting of four gallium phosphide (Gap) cylinders on the MgF2 substrate is designed and analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). By breaking the symmetry of the plane, specifically by moving the two cylinders to one side, it is possible to achieve a transition from the symmetry-protected BIC to quasi-BIC. This transition enables the excitation of sharp dual-band Fano resonance at wavelengths of 1,045.4 nm and 1,139.6 nm, with the maximum Q factors reaching 1.47 × 104 and 1.28 × 104, respectively. The multipole decomposition and near-field distributions show that these two QBICs are dominated by the electric quadrupole (EQ) and magnetic quadrupole (MQ). Furthermore, bidirectional optical switching can be accomplished by changing the polarization direction of the incident light. As a result, the maximum sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) are 488.9 nm/RIU and 2.51 × 105 RIU-1, respectively. The results enrich our knowledge about BIC and reveal a platform for the development of high-performance photonics devices such as optical switches and sensors.
2.7 μm backward wave optical parametric oscillator source for CO2 spectroscopy
Authors: Vågberg Adrian , Brunzell Martin , Widarsson Max , Mutter Patrick , Zukauskas Andrius , Laurell Fredrik , Pasiskevicius Valdas
Published: July 2024

In this work, a novel 2.7 µm source used for CO2 and H2O vapor spectroscopy using the backward propagating wave of a backward wave optical parametric oscillator (BWOPO) is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. The unique properties of BWOPOs eliminate the need for additional spectral narrowing or wavelength stabilization, enabling the use of a multi-longitudinal mode Q-switched pump laser centered around 1030 nm. A full characterization of the source is presented, revealing a central output at 2712 nm, showcasing a temperature tuning of −1.77 GHz/K, and achieving an output pulse energy of 2.3 µJ. Novel methods are introduced for measuring the linewidth and wavelength stability using the ambient laboratory air. These approaches demonstrate a narrow output of 43 pm and establish an upper limit of stability at 65 MHz, with no active means of stabilization. These findings underscore the potential of BWOPOs as a robust platform for future differential absorption lidar (DIAL) systems.
CMOS photonic integrated source of broadband polarization-entangled photons
Authors: Miloshevsky Alexander , Cohen Lucas M. , Myilswamy Karthik V. , Alshowkan Muneer , Fatema Saleha , Lu Hsuan-Hao , Weiner Andrew M. , Lukens Joseph M.
Published: July 2024

We showcase a fully on-chip CMOS-fabricated silicon photonic integrated circuit employing a bidirectionally pumped microring and polarization splitter-rotators tailored for the generation of broadband (>9 THz), high-fidelity (90–98%) polarization-entangled photons. Spanning the optical C+L-band and producing over 116 frequency-bin pairs on a 38.4-GHz-spaced grid, this source is ideal for flex-grid wavelength-multiplexed entanglement distribution in multiuser networks.
Coherent transfer of the higher-order polarization state of photons to the spin structure state of electrons in a semiconductor
Authors: Matsumoto Toshiki , Sato Sota , Akei Shota , Nakano Yuichiro , Iba Satoshi , Ishihara Jun , Miyamoto Katsuhiko , Yokoshi Nobuhiko , Omatsu Takashige , Morita Ken
Published: July 2024

Quantum state conversion from the higher-order polarization states of photons on a higher-order Poincaré sphere (HOPS) with spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) to an electron system in a semiconductor host is an interesting topic for high-density quantum media conversion with high degrees of freedom (DoFs). In this paper, we present the spatial spin structure states of electrons on a higher-order Bloch sphere, corresponding to HOPS states, using the similarity between the electron states on the Bloch sphere and the polarization states on the Poincaré sphere. Furthermore, the coherent transfer of the spatial structure of photon polarization to the spin structure state of electrons was demonstrated for the first time in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells using a V-shaped three-level system. The results provide insights into the simultaneous coherent transfer of SAM and OAM from the extended states of photon-to-electron systems, leading to the realization of the quantum state transfer of the high-dimensional entangled states of photons to electron spins with different DoFs.
Implementation of space-division multiplexed entanglement-based quantum cryptography over multicore fiber
Authors: Ortega Evelyn A. , Fuenzalida Jorge , Dovzhik Krishna , Shiozaki Rodrigo F. , Carlos Alvarado-Zacarias Juan , Amezcua-Correa Rodrigo , Bohmann Martin , Wengerowsky Sören , Ursin Rupert
Published: July 2024

Quantum key distribution has shown promising advances in information transmission security. In particular, quantum communication schemes based on entanglement have enormous potential to enhance the security and efficiency of information transmission. Therefore, today’s efforts address overcoming issues related to high data transmission and long-distance implementations to enable real-world quantum communication applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a multiplexing technique to enhance the secret key rate by exploiting the momentum correlation of photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion. We distributed polarization-entangled photon pairs into opposite cores within a 19-core multicore fiber. We estimated the secret key rates in a configuration with 6 and 12 cores from the entanglement visibility after transmission through a 411-m-long multicore fiber. Our results can lead to the transmission of more information per photon and the establishment of novel quantum networks with one common communication channel, which opens the possibility of deploying new quantum channels over longer distances.
A variational autoencoder trained with priors from canonical pathways increases the interpretability of transcriptome data
Authors: Liu Bin , Rosenhahn Bodo , Illig Thomas , DeLuca David S.
Published: July 2024

Interpreting transcriptome data is an important yet challenging aspect of bioinformatic analysis. While gene set enrichment analysis is a standard tool for interpreting regulatory changes, we utilize deep learning techniques, specifically autoencoder architectures, to learn latent variables that drive transcriptome signals. We investigate whether simple, variational autoencoder (VAE), and beta-weighted VAE are capable of learning reduced representations of transcriptomes that retain critical biological information. We propose a novel VAE that utilizes priors from biological data to direct the network to learn a representation of the transcriptome that is based on understandable biological concepts. After benchmarking five different autoencoder architectures, we found that each succeeded in reducing the transcriptomes to 50 latent dimensions, which captured enough variation for accurate reconstruction. The simple, fully connected autoencoder, performs best across the benchmarks, but lacks the characteristic of having directly interpretable latent dimensions. The beta-weighted, prior-informed VAE implementation is able to solve the benchmarking tasks, and provide semantically accurate latent features equating to biological pathways. This study opens a new direction for differential pathway analysis in transcriptomics with increased transparency and interpretability.
REV3 promotes cellular tolerance to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine by activating translesion DNA synthesis and intra-S checkpoint
Authors: Washif Mubasshir , Kawasumi Ryotaro , Hirota Kouji
Published: July 2024

The drug floxuridine (5-fluorodeoxyuridine, FUdR) is an active metabolite of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). It converts to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate (FdUTP), which on incorporation into the genome inhibits DNA replication. Additionally, it inhibits thymidylate synthase, causing dTMP shortage while increasing dUMP availability, which induces uracil incorporation into the genome. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular tolerance to FUdR are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying cellular resistance to FUdR by screening for FUdR hypersensitive mutants from a collection of DT40 mutants deficient in each genomic maintenance system. We identified REV3, which is involved in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), to be a critical factor in FUdR tolerance. Replication using a FUdR-damaged template was attenuated in REV3-/- cells, indicating that the TLS function of REV3 is required to maintain replication on the FUdR-damaged template. Notably, FUdR-exposed REV3-/- cells exhibited defective cell cycle arrest in the early S phase, suggesting that REV3 is involved in intra-S checkpoint activation. Furthermore, REV3-/- cells showed defects in Chk1 phosphorylation, which is required for checkpoint activation, but the survival of FUdR-exposed REV3-/- cells was further reduced by the inhibition of Chk1 or ATR. These data indicate that REV3 mediates DNA checkpoint activation at least through Chk1 phosphorylation, but this signal acts in parallel with ATR-Chk1 DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Collectively, we reveal a previously unappreciated role of REV3 in FUdR tolerance.
Brain tumor classification in VIT-B/16 based on relative position encoding and residual MLP
Authors: Hong Shuang , Wu Jin , Zhu Lei , Chen Weijie
Published: July 2024

Brain tumors pose a significant threat to health, and their early detection and classification are crucial. Currently, the diagnosis heavily relies on pathologists conducting time-consuming morphological examinations of brain images, leading to subjective outcomes and potential misdiagnoses. In response to these challenges, this study proposes an improved Vision Transformer-based algorithm for human brain tumor classification. To overcome the limitations of small existing datasets, Homomorphic Filtering, Channels Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization, and Unsharp Masking techniques are applied to enrich dataset images, enhancing information and improving model generalization. Addressing the limitation of the Vision Transformer’s self-attention structure in capturing input token sequences, a novel relative position encoding method is employed to enhance the overall predictive capabilities of the model. Furthermore, the introduction of residual structures in the Multi-Layer Perceptron tackles convergence degradation during training, leading to faster convergence and enhanced algorithm accuracy. Finally, this study comprehensively analyzes the network model’s performance on validation sets in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 91.36% on an augmented open-source brain tumor dataset, surpassing the original VIT-B/16 accuracy by 5.54%. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in brain tumor classification, offering potential reference for clinical diagnoses by medical practitioners.
Determining the optimal frequency of SARS-CoV-2 regular asymptomatic testing: A randomized feasibility trial in a home care setting
Authors: Butzmann Jana , Hellriegel-Nehrkorn Annett , Dilas Milica , Pohl Robert , Hellmich Martin , Apfelbacher Christian J. , Kaasch Achim J.
Published: July 2024

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented a challenge for caregiving relatives in the home care setting. Caregivers can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to their relatives who are often at high risk for a severe course of COVID-19. Regular testing of asymptomatic caregivers for SARS-CoV-2 may reduce the risk of transmission. The optimal method and frequency of regular asymptomatic testing is unknown. We conducted a prospective, randomised trial to assess the feasibility, recruitment and acceptance of different testing frequencies. This serves to inform a future definitive randomised controlled trial.

Methods

We carried out a parallel three-armed feasibility trial, enrolling adult participants who provided home-based care for a relative at least twice a week. Participants were randomly assigned using sealed envelopes to either conduct saliva-based antigen self-testing at a frequency of once a week (group I), twice a week (group II), or every two days (group III). The participants completed questionnaires on a weekly basis. Main outcome measures were feasibility of recruitment, adherence to self-tests and distress caused by self-testing. We further collected data on the use of mouth-nose mask.

Results

From 25 March to 7 May 2021 we assessed 27 participants and randomised 26 in the study: 8 participants in group I, 8 in group II and 10 in group III. All participants completed the study. In group I 48/48 (100.0%; 95% CI 92.6% to 100.0%), in group II 93/96 (96.9%; 95% CI 91.2% to 98.9%) and in group III 209/210 (99.5%; 95% CI 97.4% to 99.9%) self-tests were carried out at home. Participants did not perceive regular self-testing as burdensome in any of the study arms. We did not observe any infection with SARS-CoV-2. During the study, mask adherence decreased from 35% to 19% in all groups.

Conclusion

Conducting such a study was feasible. The participants tolerated regular self-testing well, which was reflected in a high level of test adherence. However, regular self-testing may have led to decreased protective behaviour. To demonstrate that regular asymptomatic testing reduces infection transmission, a future definitive trial should be performed at a time of a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and be implemented as a multicentre study.

Trial registration

The trial is registered with the German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00026234.
A mixed-methods analysis of moral injury among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Scoglio Arielle A. J. , Stelson Elisabeth A. , Becene Iris , Marquez Camille Ianne , Rich-Edwards Janet W.
Published: July 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers faced grave responsibilities amidst rapidly changing policies and material and staffing shortages. Moral injury, psychological distress following events where actions transgress moral beliefs/ expectations, increased among healthcare workers. We used a sequential mixed methods approach to examine workplace and contextual factors related to moral injury early in the pandemic. Using a Total Worker Health® framework, we 1) examined factors associated with moral injury among active healthcare professionals (N = 14,145) surveyed between May-August 2020 and 2) qualitatively analyzed open-ended responses from 95 randomly selected participants who endorsed moral injury on the survey. Compared to inpatient hospital, outpatient (OR = 0.74 [0.65, 0.85]) or school clinic settings (OR = 0.37 [0.18, 0.75]) were associated with lower odds of moral injury; while group care settings increased odds (OR = 1.36 [1.07, 1.74]). Working with COVID+ patients (confirmed+ OR = 1.27 [1.03, 1.55]), PPE inadequacy (OR = 1.54 [1.27, 1.87]), and greater role conflict (OR = 1.57 [1.53, 1.62]) were associated with greater odds of moral injury. Qualitative findings illustrate how outside factors as well as organizational policies and working conditions influenced moral injury. Moral injury experiences affected staff turnover and patient care, potentially producing additional morally injurious effects. Worker- and patient-centered organizational policies are needed to prevent moral injury among healthcare workers. The generalizability of these findings may be limited by our predominantly white and female sample. Further research is indicated to replicate these findings in minoritized samples.
How funny is ChatGPT? A comparison of human- and A.I.-produced jokes
Authors: Gorenz Drew , Schwarz Norbert
Published: July 2024

Can a large language model produce humor? Past research has focused on anecdotal examples of large language models succeeding or failing at producing humor. These examples, while interesting, do not examine ChatGPT’s humor production abilities in ways comparable to humans’ abilities, nor do they shed light on how funny ChatGPT is to the general public. To provide a systematic test, we asked ChatGPT 3.5 and laypeople to respond to the same humor prompts (Study 1). We also asked ChatGPT 3.5 to generate humorous satirical headlines in the style of The Onion and compared them to published headlines of the satirical magazine, written by professional comedy writers (Study 2). In both studies, human participants rated the funniness of the human and A.I.-produced responses without being aware of their source. ChatGPT 3.5-produced jokes were rated as equally funny or funnier than human-produced jokes regardless of the comedic task and the expertise of the human comedy writer.
Unveiling nuclear chromatin distribution using IsoConcentraChromJ: A flourescence imaging plugin for IsoRegional and IsoVolumetric based ratios analysis
Authors: Zeaiter Lama , Dabbous Ali , Baldini Francesca , Pagano Aldo , Bianchini Paolo , Vergani Laura , Diaspro Alberto
Published: July 2024

Chromatin exhibits non-random distribution within the nucleus being arranged into discrete domains that are spatially organized throughout the nuclear space. Both the spatial distribution and structural rearrangement of chromatin domains in the nucleus depend on epigenetic modifications of DNA and/or histones and structural elements such as the nuclear envelope. These components collectively contribute to the organization and rearrangement of chromatin domains, thereby influencing genome architecture and functional regulation. This study develops an innovative, user-friendly, ImageJ-based plugin, called IsoConcentraChromJ, aimed quantitatively delineating the spatial distribution of chromatin regions in concentric patterns. The IsoConcentraChromJ can be applied to quantitative chromatin analysis in both two- and three-dimensional spaces. After DNA and histone staining with fluorescent probes, high-resolution images of nuclei have been obtained using advanced fluorescence microscopy approaches, including confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. IsoConcentraChromJ workflow comprises the following sequential steps: nucleus segmentation, thresholding, masking, normalization, and trisection with specified ratios for either 2D or 3D acquisitions. The effectiveness of the IsoConcentraChromJ has been validated and demonstrated using experimental datasets consisting in nuclei images of pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes, encompassing both 2D and 3D imaging. The outcomes allow to characterize the nuclear architecture by calculating the ratios between specific concentric nuclear areas/volumes of acetylated chromatin with respect to total acetylated chromatin and/or total DNA. The novel IsoConcentrapChromJ plugin could represent a valuable resource for researchers investigating the rearrangement of chromatin architecture driven by epigenetic mechanisms using nuclear images obtained by different fluorescence microscopy methods.
Clarifying terminology and definitions in education services for mental health users: A disambiguation study
Authors: Pokhilenko Irina , Gutierrez-Colosia Mencia R. , Janssen Luca M. M. , Evers Silvia M. A. A. , Paulus Agnes T. G. , Drost Ruben M. W. A. , Campoy-Muñoz Pilar , Simon Judit , Salvador-Carulla Luis
Published: July 2024

In the wake of the mental health crisis in children and adolescents, the coordination of education and mental health services has become a global priority. However, differing terminologies and classifications across sectors, hinder effective comparison. The classification in education focuses mainly on outputs like qualifications or throughputs like teaching programs. This proof-of-concept study tested the applicability of a standard classification of health services, the Description and Evaluation of Services and DirectoriEs (DESDE), to evaluate education services for mental health users in the context of Spain and The Netherlands. It was conducted alongside the PECUNIA project, that sought to develop methods for the assessment of mental health costs and outcomes in different sectors. The study followed an ontoterminology approach involving: 1) identification of services from a predefined list of 46 resource-use items, 2) disambiguation of identified services with the DESDE, and classifying them as accurate, ambiguous, vague or confuse; and 3) external validation by an expert panel. The analysis was conducted at the level of type of resource, target population and care provision. From the initial list, only ten of the resources could be categorized as services using DESDE, and not activities, interventions or professionals. Only four of them (8,65%) were accurate across all disambiguation categories. Experts were unaware of terminology problems in classification of service provision in the education sector. Classifications and glossaries can clarify service naming, description and costing allowing comparative effectiveness analysis and facilitating cross-sectoral planning. This should be grounded in common methodologies, tools, and units of analysis.
Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in schizophrenia
Authors: Wang YiMeng , Bi SiGuo , Li XiaoLong , Zhong YuTao , Qi DongDong
Published: July 2024

Schizophrenia is a severe, complex and long-term psychiatric disorder with unclear etiology. Gut microbes influence the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis. Consequently, investigations of the relationship between gut microbes and schizophrenia are warranted. This study involved 29 patients with schizophrenia and 30 age-matched normal controls. After 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we analyzed microbial diversity, composition, and function. According to 16S rRNA and metagenomic gene sequencing results, patients with schizophrenia had higher abundances of Clostridium and Megasphaera. Functional analysis showed that sphingolipid, phosphonates and phosphinates, as well as glutamine metabolism were associated with the occurrence and development of schizophrenia. Our data suggest that the gut microbiota exerts an effect on patients with schizophrenia, providing valuable insights into the potential regulation of in the context of this disorder.
Pilot study assessing gut microbial diversity among sexual and gender minority young adults
Authors: Guy Ashley , McAuliffe Shannon , Cross Robbie , Zhang Yue , Kennedy Richard E. , Estes Norman R. , Giordano-Mooga Samantha , Loyd Christine
Published: July 2024

Evidence supports that people identifying as a sexual or gender minority (SGMs) experience minority-related stress resulting from discrimination or expectations of prejudice, and that this is associated with increased mental and physical health problems compared to cisgender heterosexuals. However, the biological mechanisms driving minority-related stress impacts remain unknown, including the role of the gut microbiome. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between SGM status and gut microbiome health among young adults attending a 4-year university. To this end, a prospective pilot study was completed in the fall and spring semesters of 2021–22. Self-identified SGMs (N = 22) and cisgender-heterosexuals (CIS-HET, N = 43) completed in-person interviews to provide mental health data and demographic information. Nail and saliva samples were collected at the time of interview to quantify chronic and acute cortisol. Stool samples were collected within 48 hours of interview for microbiome analysis. Assessment of the gut microbiota identified a significant reduction in alpha diversity among the SGM group, even when adjusting for mental health outcome. SGM group showed trends for higher abundance of microbes in phylum Bacteroidetes and lower abundance of microbes in phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria compared to the CIS-HET group. These findings support that the gut microbiome could be contributing to negative health effects among the SGM community.
Efectos del nombre de la marca sobre el comportamiento: el caso de la contrapublicidad del alcohol
Authors: Roca-Correa David , Lázaro-Pernias Patricia , González-Quesada Alfonso
Published: July 2024

La inversión mundial en publicidad de bebidas alcohólicas es elevada. En cambio, son escasas las campañas para reducir el consumo de alcohol entre los jóvenes. En este contexto, se ha decidido explorar el papel de distintos tipos de marcas, entendidas como señales, para prevenir el consumo de alcohol en anuncios de servicio público o contrapublicidad. Este estudio se ha enmarcardo en dos teorías: la teoría de la señalización y la teoría de la sensibilización a los incentivos. Su objetivo fue conocer los efectos de tres marcas diferentes sobre el comportamiento real en el consumo de alcohol entre jóvenes. Las marcas correspondieron a: un grupo de acción comunitaria, una cerveza ficticia y una agencia gubernamental. Se llevó a cabo un experimento en dos etapas: 1) 106 universitarios escucharon un anuncio radiofónico respaldado por cada marca, cuyo objetivo era prevenir el consumo de alcohol alertando sobre sus consecuencias negativas y; 2) se observó la decisión de consumo real de alcohol en las 24 horas siguientes a la audición del anuncio. En su conjunto, los resultados no confirmaron la teoría de la señalización de la contrapublicidad, aunque  mostraron un comportamiento diferente según el sexo (los hombres beben más que las mujeres). Sin embargo se avaló la teoría de la sensibilización a los incentivos, ya que se hallaron diferencias en función de los hábitos de consumo. El artículo concluye con la discusión de los resultados y apunta como una futura línea de investigación el papel central de la creatividad en los mensajes de contrapublicidad.
Estudios de audiencia en radio mediante el uso de aplicaciones móviles
Authors: Chaparro-Escudero Manuel , Barrera-Jerez Laura , Espinar-Medina Lara , De-Andrés-del-Campo Susana
Published: July 2024

El análisis de las audiencias de radio no ha evolucionado ante los cambios de consumo y los avances tecnológicos. El conocimiento de las audiencias se define en torno a los consumos de contenidos de las cadenas de cobertura nacional mediante estudios de recuerdo de la víspera. Este hecho ignora territorios de menor cobertura, impide un conocimiento diario de los hábitos de escucha y concentra las inversiones publicitarias en las grandes coberturas que amparan las cadenas. Esta investigación analiza las opciones tecnológicas de las aplicaciones móviles (app) para investigar audiencias de radio y obtener resultados inmediatos. Se parte del análisis de investigaciones en audiencias; triangulación de teorías y datos; seminarios con personas expertas y encuesta estructurada para verificar la optimización de la app. El presente trabajo describe (a) las características de la app desarrollada; (b) la selección de la muestra y estructuración de las encuestas; (c) los análisis que permite la base de datos; y (d) los resultados del testeo de la herramienta y las percepciones de la muestra. El software creado, denominado AEDO, demostró las posibilidades de auditar la audiencia diaria usando smartphones como audímetros móviles. Los datos recabados incluyen matices cualitativos sobre niveles de satisfacción o carencias detectadas en consumos; y su tabulación permite diversidad de análisis estadísticos. El conocimiento de los comportamientos de la ciudadanía escuchante puede incidir en la mejora de las parrillas de programación y la capacidad de ofrecer datos fiables a emisores, instituciones públicas y mercado publicitario.
Improving International Students' Safety Perceptions in the Crisis of COVID-19: Focused on Chinese Student
Authors: Lu Wei , Lee Jae Eun ,   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out the safety crisis of Chinese international students studying in Korea and how to improve safety perception. After COVID-19 as a sudden public event, safety perception and education on public health should be strengthened. Although China is taking many protective measures for the safety of international students, not only the popularity of 'health bags' is high, but also the publicity needs to be improved. The survey results showed that first, it is necessary to establish a mechanism for assessing student safety perception, adjust the focus of education, identify the main factors affecting student safety, and timely and effectively remove the pressure of the epidemic on students. Second, it is necessary to continuously update the safety protection contents for international students. Third, safety education for international students should be thoroughly conducted and attention should be paid to emergency management resources. Fourth, it is required to promote the timeliness and efficiency of information update and to establish a broad and effective information communication channel.
Impacts of Conditionalities on Cash Transfer Beneficiaries in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Oderinde Segun Lakin , Alabi Mojeed Olujinmi A. , Adeyeye Adebowale I.
Published: July 2024

The study examined the conditionalities of the cash transfer programme in Osun state, Nigeria. It examined the level of compliance of the beneficiaries of the programme and investigated the impacts of conditionalities of the cash transfer programme. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study and a sample size of 240 respondents was involved. Twenty-four communities were purposively selected for the study in Osun State. Ten recipients of the cash transfer programme were selected from each of the 24 communities using a simple random sampling technique. A research instrument was used for data collection known as the ‘Beneficiaries’ Questionnaire on Impacts of Conditionalities on Cash Transfer programme in Osun State’. Data collected were subjected to percentage analysis. Findings showed that the majority of the programme’s beneficiaries complied with the requirements or conditions attached to it. The findings of the study equally showed that the conditional cash transfer programme has changed the orientation of the beneficiaries on regular visitation to maternity centres. The study therefore concluded that for any poverty alleviation programme to be successful in Nigeria, especially in Osun state, conditionalities must be attached and beneficiaries should be encouraged to comply.
Avaliação da conduta médica e da interação em consultas clínicas sob a ótica de pacientes
Authors: Lima Francisco Renato
Published: July 2024

Neste artigo objetiva-se identificar e discutir formas como pacientes avaliam a conduta médica e a própria interação, realizadas durante o evento comunicativo consulta clínica, no interior do consultório. A discussão assume um caráter textual e sociocognitivo advindo da Linguística Textual (LT), sob um viés do estudo sociocognitivo do texto, entendido como forma de cognição social. Nessa acepção, desenvolvem-se reflexões de modo mais específico sobre os índices de avaliação por meio da linguagem à luz de um modelo de compreensão textual, advindo do campo da Psicologia Social (PS), de representação cognitiva e social (Cognição Social (CS)). O corpus de análise é constituído da fala de três pacientes, extraídas do estudo de Lima (2016). Os critérios de seleção das falas partiram da identificação e do levantamento de dados considerados produtivos para a análise da postura avaliativa assumida pelos pacientes, no que diz respeito à conduta médica e à interação clínica. Os resultados apontam que os índices de avaliação dessas categorias ocorrem por meio de fenômenos de representação social e de processos referenciais como a categorização, a recategorização, a predicação, a adjetivação, a descrição, entre outros, por meio dos quais os pacientes realizam apreciações avaliativas duplas, tanto da conduta médica, quanto da interação como um todo.
As Geometrias do Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR): Uma Proposta Metodológica para Análise e Remoção da Sobreposição de Imóveis Rurais Declarados na Base de Dados do CAR
Authors: Matias Maíra Ramalho , Milare Gisele , Escada Maria Isabel Sobral , Monteiro Antônio Miguel Vieira
Published: July 2024

A base de dados do Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR), de cadastro autodeclarado, tem sido utilizada para diversas finalidades, entre elas, estudos científicos. Entretanto, como a maior parte dos cadastros ainda não foi validada pelos órgãos ambientais competentes, esses dados podem apresentar inconsistências, tais como a sobreposição geométrica entre os imóveis rurais, o que dificulta sua utilização em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIGs), principalmente em operações com maior exigência de ajustes topológicos. Com isso, o artigo apresenta uma proposta metodológica para analisar e remover os diferentes tipos de sobreposições existentes a partir dos dados brutos do Sistema Nacional de Cadastro Ambiental (SICAR). O ponto de partida é a classificação dos imóveis por tamanho, conforme o módulo fiscal do município. Após a remoção dos imóveis cancelados e das geometrias duplicadas, propõese a remoção de sobreposição de imóveis de classes distintas adotando a estratégia de se atribuir a área sobreposta a apenas uma das classes de imóveis, com base em uma hierarquia de classes. O artigo demonstra uma das possibilidades de atribuição de áreas, que prioriza a manutenção dos imóveis de assentamentos rurais, de povos e comunidades tradicionais e imóveis de menor área em detrimento dos de maiores áreas, como alternativa metodológica às estratégias de remoção de sobreposição que levam em consideração a segurança jurídica dos imóveis. Entretanto, a proposta metodológica é adaptável para diferentes contextos e finalidades acadêmicas. Ao final é apresentado um breve estudo de caso utilizando-se a metodologia para os imóveis declarados no município de São José dos Campos, SP.
Modernizações e conflitos territoriais: as ações do Estado capitalista em Alcântara – MA
Authors: Rodrigues Vanderson Viana
Published: July 2024

Os conflitos territoriais decorrentes da dinâmica da modernização capitalista no campo brasileiro são analisados neste artigo por meio de um conjunto de autores que ressaltam a crítica da geografia. Neste caminho, a escrita e as análises têm norte na dualidade a qual buscamos a compreensão por meio do materialismo histórico dialético. Assim, o objetivo central do trabalho foi analisar os processos modernizadores entrelaçados aos interesses do estado capitalista na instalação do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara, ressaltando as ocorrências de conflitos territoriais envoltos nas relações desiguais no processo de verticalização dos interesses do capital sobre os territórios locais, pois a violência dos agentes públicos atuantes no território, nas diferentes escalas, são evidenciados nos registros dos conflitos, assim como a seletividade do Estado na elaboração das políticas territoriais e sociais, que continuamente dilacera a cidadania no campo e aceleram as conflitualidades territoriais entre os diferentes atores.
papel del docente en la reflexión de las experiencias de extensión universitaria desde la metodología Aprendizaje y Servicio
Authors: De Jesus João Elton
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar el papel y la importancia del docente en los procesos de reflexión de la extensión universitaria con la metodología de Aprendizaje y Servicio en la educación superior. Para ello, en primer lugar, abordaremos los conceptos y fundamentos de la extensión universitaria. Luego, la metodología y la pedagogía de Aprendizaje y Servicio como una forma de llevar a cabo con calidad las actividades de extensión en la formación universitaria. Y, finalmente, basados en el marco teórico de Paulo Freire, nos referiremos puntualmente al papel del docente en el desarrollo de una extensión universitaria que haga aportes sustanciales para la transformación social y la formación integral de los estudiantes universitarios.
Desarrollo, Geopolítica y Geoeconomía en un escenario conflictual
Authors: Sidler Joel , Moretti Luciano , Fernández Víctor Ramiro
Published: July 2024

Los trabajos aquí reunidos son resultado de un workshop organizado por el Grupo de Estudios sobre Estado, Espacio y Desarrollo del Instituto de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales del  Litoral. Los artículos problematizan sucesos contemporáneos como la crisis de hegemonía estadounidense y la transición actual de poder, la heterogeneidad en el ascenso del Sur Global, las características que adquieren las crecientes relaciones China-América Latina y la emergencia del Indo-Pacífico junto a la re-centralización económica en torno a la India. Indagar en estos procesos nos permite complejizar el abordaje del desarrollo como un proceso social y conflictivo en el sistema-mundo capitalista, en el cual intervienen dimensiones como la espacialidad del poder, el funcionamiento de las escalas, las trayectorias históricas, los Estados y las fuerzas sociales en disputa dentro de un escenario global jerárquico y desigual. En ese sentido, este número busca contribuir a una agenda de investigación en torno a las vinculaciones entre el desarrollo y las dinámicas geopolíticas y geoeconómicas.
A América Latina na economia-mundo capitalista no Século XXI: a influência da China e os limites do modelo primário-exportador
Authors: Ouriques Helton Ricardo
Published: July 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a trajetória de desenvolvimento da América Latina nas primeiras décadas do século XXI, buscando contextualizar o incremento das relações econômicas entre os países da região e a China. Nesse sentido, faremos uma apreciação a respeito dos investimentos externos diretos da China e da pauta exportadora e importadora da América Latina para aquele país. Em seguida, discutiremos o ressurgimento do modelo primário-exportador e o seu significado. Por fim, mesmo que de forma breve, mostraremos que a posição estrutural dos países da região, em termos de riqueza, mantém-se praticamente a mesma ao longo dos últimos cem anos, o que nos leva a concluir que uma maior associação econômica com a China, na forma como vem se dando (baseada no padrão econômico centro – periferia), oferece poucas perspectivas para mudanças qualitativas na América Latina, no sentido de uma maior participação na riqueza mundial.
La dimensión geopolítica del desarrollo
Authors: Merino Gabriel
Published: July 2024

La propuesta de este trabajo es sistematizar un conjunto de herramientas para pensar la dimensión geopolítica del desarrollo, elaboradas a partir de investigaciones centradas en el estudio y análisis de la actual transición del poder mundial —vista como una transición histórico-espacial del sistema mundial– y en el ascenso de China y de otros poderes emergentes, como así también del estudio de otras experiencias históricas. A su vez, se busca sistematizar un conjunto de contribuciones teóricas que son fundamentales para pensar el desarrollo y su dimensión geopolítica. Para ello se proponen cuatro ejes de análisis: 1- la cuestión del sujeto en relación al desarrollo, 2- las condiciones histórico-espaciales, 3- la escala y 4- las capacidades estratégicas socio-estatales.
An Overview of The Total Leukocyte Count in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at RSUD Gambiran Kediri City
Authors: Fitri Devi Nor , Savitri Lisa , Krissanjaya Rochmad , Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo
Published: July 2024

The leukocyte count examination in tuberculosis infection serves to monitor the inflammation caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An increasing leukocyte count can lead to complications such as pleuritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the total leukocyte count of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at RSUD Gambiran, Kediri City, based on gender and age. This research was a descriptive retrospective study. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and presented in the form of tables and diagrams. The results of this study showed that pulmonary tuberculosis infection was more prevalent in males, with 26 individuals (62%) affected. In terms of age groups, the highest infection rate was in the 21-60 years age range, with 30 individuals (71%) affected. As for leukocyte count elevation (leukocytosis), it was more commonly observed in males with a count of 14.57 µL. In terms of age groups, leukocytosis was frequently observed in the 21-60 years age range, with a count of 48.66 µL. Out of the 42 samples, 19 individuals had a normal leukocyte count, while the remaining 23 individuals experienced leukocytosis. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that not all pulmonary tuberculosis patients experience leukocytosis; some patients maintain a normal leukocyte count.
Antibacterial Potency and Physicochemical Profiles of Eucalyptus pellita Leaf Waste Essential Oil from PT Surya Hutani Jaya, East Kalimantan
Authors: Wartomo Wartomo , Aryani Farida , Hernandi Muhammad Fikri , Rositah Erna , Ngapiyatun Sri , Sari Nur Maulida
Published: July 2024

Eucalyptus is one of the fast growing species plants, currently used in the pulp and paper industry. The leaves of Eucalyptus are known as forest harvesting waste. This research aim to examine the antibacterial potency and the physicochemical profiles of Eucalyptus pellita leaves waste essential oils grown in PT Surya Hutani Jaya Site 32, East Kalimantan named EP B077. The essential oils distilled using water and steam distillation methods. Analysis of physicochemical profiles from this oil included yield, colour, refractive index, specific gravity, and chemical compositions by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity assayed by agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptoccoccus sobrinus and Streptoccoccus mutans with slight modification. The results showed that EP B077 had the yellow colour, yield oils was 0.44%, 1.471 of refractive index, and 0.8706 of specific gravity. Chemical components of EP B077 oils were dominated by α-Pinene (40.36%), 1-β-Pinene (31.75%), Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)- (9.64%), Trans(β)-Caryophyllene (4.29%) and Eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole) (3.88%). This EP B077 oils was active to inhibit bacteria against S. epidermidis and S. sobrinus range from 9-15 mm, also against S.mutans ranging from 9-14 mm. Based on the results, this Eucalyptus pellita leaves named EP B077 had potential to develop as a new source of essential oil and antibacterial agents.