bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keanekaragaman Jenis Ikan Rawa di Kecamatan Upau Kabupaten Tabalong
Authors: Ulimaz Almira
Published: January 2021

South Kalimantan is the most densely populated province on the island of Borneo. The province which consists of two main geographical features is also rich in natural resources and a diversity of agroecosystems. Apart from the provincial capital, Banjarmasin, other regencies still have abundant nuftah plasma, including the biological wealth in the form of fish. One of the districts that still has natural resources in the form of fish is Tabalong Regency. As a district which is also famous for its abundant mining products in the form of coal and petroleum, of course animal resources in the form of fish are quite valuable assets to be preserved. Therefore, a research was conducted which aims to identify and explain the types of fish that live in the Swamp, Upau District, Tabalong Regency. The method used in this research is the method of observation which is analyzed descriptively. The sample in this study were fish caught by fishing line and nets. The activity using fishing rods is carried out for 30 minutes, and with nets it is carried out 5 tosses at each point at the sampling station. The number of species found was 142 fish consisting of 10 species, 3 orders, and 8 families. The orders found included the orders Perciformes, Cypriiformes, and Siluriformes. The families found included Cyprinidae (Cypriiformes), Channidae, Belontiidae, Anabantidae, Cichlidae (Perciformes), Bagridae, Siluridae, and Claridae (Siluriformes). The index of fish species diversity in Rawa, Upau District, Tabalong Regency is in the "Medium" category, namely 1.987.
Karakterisasi Spesies Averrhoa yang Tumbuh di Kota Kediri Berdasarkan Pendekatan Palinologi
Authors: Wahyuni Dwi , Swandono Hari Untarto
Published: January 2021

Averrhoa is a member of the Oxalidaceae family and has four types, namely Averrhoa carambola, Averrhoa bilimbi, Averrhoa leucopetala, Averrhoa  dolichocarpa.. Among the four types of averhoa, the most commonly found growing and planted in Kediri's yards were Averrhoa carambola and Averrhoa bilimbi. Cultivation of this plant is usually done by vegetative and generative with seeds. Pollen has long been used as an indicator in plant taxonomy, because in pollen there are many secret characters. This study aims to determine characterization Averrhoa species that grow in Kediri City based on a palinological approach. The result of this research is Averrhoa pollen that grows in Kediri City has almost the same characteristics, namely very small size, spheroidal Prolate shape, trizonocolpate aperture and isopolar polarity. The similarity is so great because the environmental conditions in which these two types of plants grow are the same. The difference in the character of pollen that grows in Kediri City lies in its ornamentation. In Averrhoa carambola ornate Perforate-Foveolate and Averrhoa bilimbi with reticulate character. This difference in ornament is due to the fact that these two types of plants have different species.
PENENTUAN NILAI SPF DAN UJI ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus EKSTRAK DAUN DAN KULIT BATANG TANAMAN BANGKAL (Nauclea Subdita)
Authors: Kusuma wardhani Ariessanty Alicia , Pardede Antoni , Prasiska Emilda
Published: January 2021

Tanaman bangkal adalah tanaman khas kalimantan selatan. Umumnya masyarakat kalimantan selatan menggunakan kulit tanaman bangkal untuk kosmetik dan daun tanaman bangkal untuk pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  kemampuan tabir surya yang ditentukan melalui penentuan nilai SPF  (Sun Protection Factor) dan  uji antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada ekstrak etanol daun dan kulit batang tanaman bangkal (Nauclea subdita). Penentuan nilai SPF dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan uji antibakteri ekstrak terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Klindamisin sebagai kontrol positif digunakan untuk menjadi pembanding aktivitas antibateri. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh diketahui bahwa nilai SPF meningkat sesuai dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak, baik untuk ekstrak daun maupun ekstrak kulit batang tanaman bangkal. Secara keseluruhan nilai SPF ekstrak daun lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak kulit batang tanaman bangkal.  Uji antibakteri pada ekstrak daun dan kulit batang tanaman bangkal menunjukkan bahwa zona hambat yang terbesar dihasilkan oleh aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun tanaman bangkal dengan konsentrasi 300 ppm dan kekuatan antibakterinya termasuk kategori sedang, sedangkan ekstrak kulit batang tanaman bangkal tidak menunjukkan ada zona hambat.
The Implementation of Technology-Based Media in Improving English Speaking Skill of Hospitality Students in Mataram Tourism College
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri , Putra Ida Nyoman Tri Darma
Published: January 2021

This research aims to find out the effectiveness of the application of technology-based teaching media to improve the speaking skills of the Hospitality Study Program Students of STP Mataram. In this study, several media that utilize computers and the internet will be used in learning speaking. The use of the application Rosetta Stone, Duolingo, and YouTube videos integrated with the google classroom are used as learning media for students' speaking learning of the hospitality study program students. In this study, 30 students are used as the experimental group and 30 students as a controlled group. The results of this study indicated that the value of t-test > t table (3.462> 2.676), which means that there is a significant difference in English speaking skills using technology-based learning media. In conclusion, the use of technology-based learning media is effective in enhancing students’ speaking skill.
PENGARUH MODEL TREFFINGER TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM PERTIDAKSAMAAN LINEAR DUA VARIABEL
Authors: Jannah Miftakhul , Sukarma I Ketut , Nissa Ita Chairun
Published: January 2021

Students’ knowledge about apperception material is important in supporting the success of a learning. One of the learning innovations to maximize apperception material can be done with treffinger learning model. This research aims to find out how the effect of the learning model treffinger on students’ cognitive learning outcomes for the subject of two variables linear inequality system. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Gunungsari, West Lombok. The research design used is quasi experimental design. Sampling in this study uses simple random sampling technique. X MIA 3 class as an experimental class and X MIA 1 class as a control class. The research instrument was a test sheet and observation sheet for the implementation of the learning model treffinger. The results of the research were obtained by using t-test, the average score of cognitive results of the experimental class students was 68.88 and the control class was 64.10, obtained tcount>ttable (2.557 > 2.042). So it can be conclude that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, this means that there are significant treffinger learning model towards students cognitive learning outcomes in materials twi variable linear inequality system at class X grade of SMA Negeri 1 Gunungsari academic year 2018/2019.
ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL OPERASI BENTUK ALJABAR KELAS VIII MTS
Authors: Suspita Baiq Lina , Masjudin Masjudin
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the difficulty of students in solving problems in the form of algebra clas VIII in terms of 3 indicators, namely (1) difficulty understanding concepts (2) difficulty understanding principles (3) difficulty understanding verbal problems. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted at Madrsarah Tsanawiyah Darul Hikmah of West Lombok. Data analysis techniques used are dat  reduction, data display, and conclusions distribution. The result of the study stated that (1) students ability to understand concept was in the low category. The difficukty in understanding the concept is not being able to define terms. Coefficients, variables, and constants. (2) the ability of students to understand the principle is in the low category. Difficulty in understanding the principle that students are not able to operate the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of algebraic forms if the variables are similar and not similar. (3) the ability of student to understand verbal problems is in the low category. The difficulty of student in understanding verbal problems is that students are not able to understand the purpose of questions in the form  of stories, student do not understand what is asked in the problem. This show  that the ability of student in each indicator  is  categorized as low.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) Berbantuan Mr Math
Authors: Taoefik Moh
Published: January 2021

This classroom action research aims to improve the mathematical communication skills at X grade student of SMA Negeri 2 Narmada Kab. Lombok Barat through cooperative learning type Think Pair Share (TPS) with Mr Math (Microsoft Mathematic). This research was conducted in 2 cycles, with the research subjects were students of class X2 of SMA Negeri 2 Narmada in the academic year 2016/2017 with a total of 24 students. From the research that has been carried out, it is found that the average value of the test of students' mathematical communication skills in the first cycle is 57.58 and the second cycle is 70.05. The percentage of classical completeness in the first cycle was 22.72% and the second cycle was 82.60%. This shows that students' mathematical communication skills have increased. The total average score of students' oral mathematical communication skills in the first cycle was 2.43 with a good enough category and the second cycle was 2.98 with a good category. This shows that students' verbal mathematical communication skills have increased and have reached the specified indicators. The total average score of observations of teaching and learning activities (KBM) in the first cycle was 2.70 with a good category and the second cycle was 3.15 with a good category. Thus, it can be concluded that the Think Pair Share (TPS) type of cooperative learning with Mr.Math can improve students' mathematical communication skills
PROFIL KEMAMPUAN SISWA PESERTA OLIMPIADE MATEMATIKA DALAM MENJAWAB SOAL PILIHAN GANDA
Authors: Sanapiah Sanapiah , Kurniawan Ade , Yuntawati Yuntawati
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh para peserta olimpiade matematika tingkat Kabupaten/Kota di Propinsi NTB dalam menjawab soal pilihan ganda. Subjek penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini berjumlah 68 orang yang mewakili 6 Kabupaten/Kota di Propinsi NTB dari ajang kompetisi olimpiade matematika yang terdiri dari 25 orang dari Kota Mataram, 15 orang dari Kabupaten Lombok Barat, 3 orang dari Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, 23 orang dari Kabupaten Lombok Timur, dan 2 orang dari Kabupaten Sumbawa Besar. Dari 68 peserta pendaftar olimpiade matematika ini, diketahui 33 orang laki-laki dan 35 perempuan yang terdiri dari 40 orang dari jenjang SMP dan 28 orang dari jenjang MTs. Soal pilihan ganda yang dianalisis terdiri dari 60 item pertanyaan,  jika menjawab benar (B) diberikan skor +2, jika menjawab (S) diberikan skor -1, dan jika tidak menjawab/kosong (K) diberikan skor 0. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan 3 profil kemampuan yang dimiliki siswa peserta olimpiade dalam menjawab soal pilihan ganda yaitu 1) siswa dikatakan memiliki kemampuan tinggi, jika lebih dari 50% dari jumlah soal dapat dijawab dengan benar oleh siswa dibandingkan dengan jawaban salah atau tidak dijawab, 1) siswa dikatakan memiliki kemampuan sedang, jika persentase dari jumlah soal yang dapat dijawab sebanding antara jumlah jawab soal benar dengan jumlah jawaban salah atau tidak dijawab, 3) siswa dikatakan memiliki kemampuan tinggi, jika lebih dari 50% dari jumlah soal dijawab dengan salah oleh siswa dibandingkan dengan jawaban benar atau tidak dijawab.
Identifikasi Kesalahan Mahasiswa Calon Guru Matematika Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Integral
Authors: Yuntawati Yuntawati , Aziz Lalu Abdul , Sanapiah Sanapiah
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesulitan siswa berdasarkan kemampuan pemahaman matematisnya dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel(SPLDV).  Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sasaran dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VIII SMP/MTs sederajat sebanyak 10 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan berdasarkan lembar tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis dan wawancara tidak terstruktur. Subjek penelitian yaitu 3 orang siswa dengan hasil tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis terendah. Berdasarkan hasil tes dan wawancara dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kesulitan pada siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal SPLDV dalam bentuk cerita berdasarkan pada kemampuan pemahaman matematisnya. Hal ini dapat kita lihat dari hasil skor rata-rata nya yaitu sebesar 57% yang termasuk ke dalam kategori kurang. Adapun kesulitan-kesulitan yang di alami siswa yaitu belum memahami apa yang ditanyakan dalam soal, kesulitan mengubah soal cerita ke dalam simbol matematika, siswa masih kurang mampu memisalkan istilah karena masih kesulitan dalam mengklasifikasikan objek yang diketahui dalam soal, kesulitan menerapkan konsep penyelesaian secara algoritma dengan metode yang tepat, dan kesulitan mengaitkan berbagai konsep dalam penyelesaian soal.
PENALARAN MATEMATIS CALON GURU MATEMATIKA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR DAN JENIS KELAMIN
Authors: Hastari Ratri Candra
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisa penalaran matematis calon guru matematika laki-laki maupun perempuan dengan gaya belajar auditori dan penalaran matematis calon guru matematika laki-laki maupun perempuan dengan gaya belajar kinestetik dalam menyelesaikan soal geometri analitika. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan studi kasus.  Studi kasus ini mempelajari secara intensif seorang individu atau kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan penalaran matematis subjek laki-laki lebih baik daripada subjek perempuan, karena subjek calon guru matematika laki-laki dengan gaya belajar auditori dan kinestetik hampir memenuhi semua indikator penalaran matematis. hanya pada indikator menyelidiki dugaan matematika, masih ada jawaban yang belum benar karena kurang teliti dari hasil analisa subjek calon guru matematika laki-laki dengan gaya belajar auditori, sedangkan pada subjek calon guru matematika laki-laki dengan gaya belajar kinestetik pada indikator menyelidiki dugaan matematika masih ada langkah yang salah dalam penghitungan, walaupun sebenarnya subjek mampu memberikan penjelasan langkah-langkah penyelesaian dengan konsep-konsep yang ada. Subjek calon guru matematika perempuan dengan gaya belajar auditori maupun kinestetik belum mampu memenuhi semua indikator penalaran matematis.
War Crimes and Individual Criminal Responsibility Arising out of Cyber Operations
Authors: GÜL Yunus Emre
Published: January 2021

The types of individual criminal responsibilities are listed in the Rome Statute Article 25(3). Individuals or organized groups who conduct cyber operations during armed conflicts have an individual criminal responsibility derived from their acts. They may commit war crimes by conducting cyber operations that reach a certain level of violence, however, even if the operation does not constitute a war crime per se, perpetrators might still be responsible for their actions. In line with this, how an individual criminal responsibility occurs arising out of those operations is examined in this article.
Schmitt ve Kelsen’in Görüşleri Ekseninde Anayasanın Koruyuculuğu Tartışması
Authors: TÜRKELİ Gözde
Published: January 2021

Elinizdeki çalışmada günümüz hukuk düşüncesine büyük katkıları olan ve kuramlarıyla güncel hukuki meseleleri halen etkilemeye devam eden iki önemli hukukçunun, Hans Kelsen ve Carl Schmitt’in “Anayasanın koruyuculuğunu kim üstlenmelidir?” sorusu etrafında yürüttükleri polemik ele alınmaktadır. Weimar Cumhuriyeti’nde anayasa yargısı sistemi bulunmamakla birlikte, anayasa yargısının meşruiyeti ve gerekliliği üzerine ikili arasında oldukça zengin ve yoğun bir tartışma yaşanmıştır. Polemiği başlatan 1931 tarihli “Anayasanın Koruyucusu” metninde Schmitt, Anayasa Öğretisi adlı çalışmasındaki görüşlerine dayanarak anayasayı varoluşsal bir temelde ve asli kurucu iktidarın aldığı politik kararların kurucu niteliği açısından açıklamaktadır. Bu bağlamda Schmitt’in anayasa kavramı politik olanla sıkı bir ilişki içerisindedir. Kelsen’in normativist pozitivist kuramı ise anayasayı normlar hiyerarşisinin üstünde konumlanan temel bir norm ve kapalı bir normlar sistemi olarak ele almaktadır. Schmitt’in eleştirilerine karşılık Kelsen “Anayasanın Koruyucusu Kim Olmalıdır?” metnini kaleme almıştır. Kelsen anayasanın koruyuculuğu rolünü üstlenebilecek mercii olarak anayasa mahkemesini, Schmitt ise devlet başkanını önermektedir. Elinizdeki çalışmada her iki düşünürün politik olanla kurduğu karşıt ilişki üzerinden kuramları karşılaştırılarak anayasal uyuşmazlıklara ilişkin çözüm önerileri incelenmektedir.
Questões ambientais e a importância da educação em ciências para o empoderamento de indígenas da Amazônia
Authors: Nunes Reginaldo de Oliveira , Reis Pedro Guilherme Rocha dos , Oliveira Iuri da Cruz
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho objetivou compreender como os problemas ambientais podem ser trabalhados na educação em ciências nas escolas indígenas, por meio de uma reflexão dos próprios indígenas. Foram aplicados questionários compostos por nove questões abertas, envolvendo dados sobre os problemas ambientais e o ensino de ciências nas escolas indígenas. Participaram da pesquisa cento e doze estudantes indígenas em formação do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Intercultural, da Universidade Federal de Rondônia. Os resultados indicam que a perda da floresta é fator marcante em relação aos fatores ambientais, envolvendo queimadas, extração ilegal de madeiras e o desmatamento. Esses fatores são motivados pela ambição e ganância do homem. Em relação aos problemas ambientais, 84,8% acreditam que podem ser trabalhados no currículo da escola, especificamente nas disciplinas de ciências e biologia (29,8%). As temáticas abordadas na escola se referem aos fatores que afetam o meio ambiente e quando foram trabalhadas envolveram diferentes estratégias de ensino. Considera-se que é possível, por meio de planejamento e da formação de novos professores indígenas, que essas visões sobre os problemas ambientais possam refletir no currículo de ciências das escolas indígenas, tornando-se fatores essenciais na busca da autonomia e afirmação da identidade cultural.
Laserterapia como recurso terapêutico na fonoaudiologia
Authors: Santos Maria das Graças Silva , Sousa Claudia Catão de Aguiar
Published: January 2021

A utilização da terapia por meio do laser de Baixa Intensidade, caracteriza-se por sua multidisciplinariedade, pois seu uso, atualmente, ocorre por muitos profissionais de diversas áreas, como por exemplo, Fonoaudiólogos. Os profissionais da Fonoaudiologia já estão procurando utilizar esse método de terapia, em razão de ser não invasivo, ou seja, sem consequências tóxicos e colaterais, contribuindo de modo significativo nas terapias, por meio do estabelecimento de um prognóstico pautado na excelência do processo de reabilitação. O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa consiste em analisar quais as principais contribuições da laser terapia como um recurso em prol de terapia na Fonoaudiologia. Dentre os objetivos específicos ressaltam-se: definir laser terapia; identificar o papel do Fonoaudiólogo; verificar como a laser terapia pode ser utilizada pelos profissionais da Fonoaudiologia. A problemática consiste no seguinte questionamento: como a laser terapia pode auxiliar os profissionais da Fonoaudiologia em suas competências? Para fundamentar a pesquisa houve a necessidade de uma metodologia pautada em uma revisão bibliográfica ou literária analisando diversas fontes, como artigos, monografias, dissertações, livros e consultas em sites que disponibilizam trabalhos científicos, como a SCIELO e Google acadêmico, por exemplo. Infere-se que a pesquisa é pertinente, constatando-se os diversos benefícios da utilização da laser terapia pelos profissionais da Fonoaudiologia, como atuação na paralisia facial, disfagias, dentre outras.
Urolitíase em filhote canino: Relato de caso
Authors: Barwaldt Eugênia Tavares , Bierhals Eduarda Santos , Lima Camila Moura de , Silva Andreza Bernardi da , Nobre M´´arcia de Oliveira , Ferraz Alexsander
Published: January 2021

As urolitíases são desordens de grande importância na rotina da clínica de animais de companhia, e ocorrem devido a formação de cristais, que se agregam, formando concreções sólidas denominadas urólitos. Altas concentrações de solutos, principalmente de minerais, são um dos principais fatores predisponentes para o desenvolvimento do urólito. Pode acometer ambos os sexos, mas é mais frequente nos machos com idade entre seis e onze anos. O presente relato teve como objetivo, descrever o caso de um filhote canino, castrado, diagnosticado com urolitiase. O animal apresentava sinais de disúria e anúria e na avaliação clínica, observou-se abaulamento do abdômen. Através do exame de ultrassonografia abdominal foi visualizado estruturas compatíveis com urólitos na bexiga e uretra, confirmando o diagnóstico. Para retirada dos urólitos, o procedimento realizado foi a uretrostomia escrotal. Como terapia auxiliar, foi preconizado uso de dieta calculolítica.  Após um mês de tratamento dietético, foi realizada nova urinálise, onde não observou-se mais cristais, estabelecendo um bom prognóstico para o paciente.
Penambahan putih telur sebagai peningkat protein pada tempe kedelai
Authors: Puteri Novitasari Priskalia , Dewi Lusiawati , Mahardika Anggara
Published: January 2021

Efforts to increase protein in Tempe can provide positive values for native Indonesian food. The amount of remaining egg white in the bread industry can be used in making soybean Tempe. Egg white which is rich in albumin has never been used in the manufacture of soybean tempeh by the producer. This research aims to determine the effect of adding raw and steamed egg whites on the protein content of soybean Tempe. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The concentrations of egg whites used in the research included 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. The research instrument used was the observation sheet for protein content using the Lowry method. The research data were dissolved protein content. The data analysis technique used Two Way ANOVA. The results of the research showed that there was no effect of adding raw and steamed egg whites on soybean Tempe protein content (P > 0.05). However, the addition of raw egg whites can increase the protein content of soybean Tempe, compared to steamed egg whites. The conclusion of this research is the addition of raw and steamed egg whites does not have a significant effect on the protein content of soybean Tempe. The right type of egg white flour to increase the protein content of soybean Tempe is raw egg white flour with a protein content of 15.0 per 100 grams.
Kewenangan Khusus Majelis Rakyat Papua Terhadap Pembentukan Perdasus
Authors: R.S. Rakia A. Sakti
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai pengaturan tentang kewenangan khusus serta kedudukan Majelis Rakyat Papua (MRP) dalam pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Khusus (Perdasus). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif yuridis dengan pendekatan statute approach, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan UU Otsus Papua, lembaga MRP hanya memiliki kewenangan tertentu dalam rangka perlindungan hak-hak orang asli Papua dengan berlandaskan pada penghormatan terhadap adat dan budaya, pemberdayaan perempuan, dan pemantapan kerukunan hidup beragama. Dengan kata lain, MRP tidak memiliki kewenangan murni di bidang legislasi, sebab berdasarkan Pasal 20 ayat (1) huruf c, MRP hanya memberikan pertimbangan dan persetujuan terhadap Rancangan Perdasus yang diajukan oleh DPRP dan Gubernur.
Economic and geographic analysis of road service structure of the Republic of Belarus (on the example of highways)
Authors: Korotysh Dmitry P. , Sheleg Nikolai S.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the economic and geographic characteristics of territorial differences in roadside services providing on the main roads of the Republic of Belarus of the 2015–2019. At present, the relevant issues related to the problems, organization, functioning and increasing the efficiency of roadside service facilities are widely represented in the studies of economists. However, the issue of the territorial organization of roadside service has not been practically studied in geographical science. The aim of the work is an economic and geographical analysis of spatial differences and patterns in the development of roadside services on the main roads of the Republic of Belarus and suggesting priority development areas, taking into account economic and geographical factors and identified regularities. The research provides a comparative analysis of the roadside service in the main roads and economic and geographical factors which determine the development of the roadside service network. Such factors include: traffic intensity, population of the administrative region, transport accessibility of service facilities for urban residents, level of socio-economic development of the region. The patterns of territorial differentiation of roadside services have been established, which are manifested in a high concentration of objects and services in areas with high traffic, attraction to large cities and the state border. The question of the service complexity, which is expressed in the number of roadside services types and the development of multifunctional facilities, which provide 5 or more types of services, is considered. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the research of geographical aspects of roadside services is performed for the first time in the country and international aspects of the problem, an economic and geographical typology of main roads was proposed based on the type of roadside service structure and belonging to trans-European transport corridors using the example of the Republic of Belarus. The following typology enables to determine the underdevelopment of certain types of roadside services, such as car service stations, car washes, and guarded parking lots. The value of this study lies in identifying priority directions for the development of highways roadside service based on identified road services particularities: expanding the range of roadside services on facilities territory, developing a network of secure parking lots, including for trucks, developing multifunctional service complexes, providing paid and free self-service system services.
Relationship of smartphone dependence with personal states and properties
Authors: Sheinov Viktor P.
Published: January 2021

Numerous studies show that smartphone addiction has a detrimental effect on many important aspects of modern life. The purpose of this article is an analytical review of foreign studies on the relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological states and personality traits. The adverse effects of excessive use of smartphones for physical and mental health were found in the form of depression, anxiety, stress, negative emotions, insomnia, poor sleep quality, and low physical activity. Excessive smartphone use predicts low self-regulation and poor self-control. Excessive smartphone communication makes people less empathetic to each other, resulting in a loss of empathy and a deterioration in emotional connection with others. Smartphone addiction is positively associated with attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity disorder, compulsive behaviour, and procrastination. Smartphone addiction to social media is linked to interpersonal issues and contributes to non-assertive behaviour and exposure to cyberbullying. The most active smartphone users receive the highest scores for addictive behaviour. Of the personality traits of individuals, loneliness and shyness are the strongest predictors of smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction negatively affects communication skills. Unmarried people are more dependent on the smartphone. Women are more dependent on smartphones than men.
Systematic racism in the USA and the problem of polarisation of society
Authors: Antonovich Ivan I.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the essence of the radical protests of the African American population of the USA, which exacerbated the crisis of the state social system and have a negative impact on social equilibrium in the countries of the Pan-Atlantic Community. There was made an attempt to trace the negative impact of uncontrollable spontaneous radical protests on global processes. Over the course of two decades of the 21st century, it has become obvious that the USA does not have enough internal resources for the implementation of world-governing tasks, which turned out to be unbearable for the systems of political power based on the ideology of liberalism. There is not enough economic, social and even moral resources to solve the urgent problems facing the world. Political polarization and economic crisis have become a serious threat to the very functioning and existence of the American state. Colossal dysfunctions of democratic procedures, the growing ideological intransigence of party programs, the growing number of unemployed, the ruin of small and medium-sized businesses give social protest the form of political confrontation. There is talk of a second civil war in the USA. Moreover, it is difficult to say whether the ideology of black racism will be less radical than the ideology of white. African American Democrats, who encouraged spontaneous riots in many cities, accuse Republicans of initiating social protests. Democrats blame the Republicans for failing to create an effective governance system that would prevent such social explosions and growing discontent. Radical African American protest is becoming a structural component of USA public life. It was introduced into the system of public relations at all levels, paralyzing the activities of state institutions, systems of legal support for everyday existence, destroying the established value systems and the very practice of rule of law, which constituted the basis of American statehood. What is happening in America is having a negative impact on the entire Transatlantic community.
Language as a phenomenon: Belarusian language in the context of diglossia
Authors: Mojeiko Marina A.
Published: January 2021

It is possible to talk about language from the point of view of a linguist, but language is also a sociocultural phenomenon, and its development takes place in a social and political context. This, of course, applies to any of the languages, however, in relation to the Belarusian language it acquires many specific aspects. First of all, this concerns the situation of bilingualism (and bilingualism as closely related), within which, under the influence of socio-political factors, languages acquire unequal status, as a result of which their hierarchy is built. The historical development of the Belarusian language (in its contextual relationship with Russian) demonstrates serious deformations that it had to endure in the course of its evolution.
A Bayesian Nonparametric Learning Approach to Ensemble Models Using the Proper Bayesian Bootstrap
Authors: Galvani Marta , Bardelli Chiara , Figini Silvia , Muliere Pietro
Published: January 2021

Bootstrap resampling techniques, introduced by Efron and Rubin, can be presented in a general Bayesian framework, approximating the statistical distribution of a statistical functional ϕ(F), where F is a random distribution function. Efron’s and Rubin’s bootstrap procedures can be extended, introducing an informative prior through the Proper Bayesian bootstrap. In this paper different bootstrap techniques are used and compared in predictive classification and regression models based on ensemble approaches, i.e., bagging models involving decision trees. Proper Bayesian bootstrap, proposed by Muliere and Secchi, is used to sample the posterior distribution over trees, introducing prior distributions on the covariates and the target variable. The results obtained are compared with respect to other competitive procedures employing different bootstrap techniques. The empirical analysis reports the results obtained on simulated and real data.
Development of a Throughflow-Based Simulation Tool for Preliminary Compressor Design Considering Blade Geometry in Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Liu Xiaoheng , Wan Ke , Jin Donghai , Gui Xingmin
Published: January 2021

Gas turbine engines are highly intricate machines, and every component of them is closely associated with one another. In the traditional engine developing process, vast experiment tests are needed. To reduce unnecessary trials, a whole gas turbine engine simulation is extremely needed. For this purpose, a compressor simulation tool is now developed. Considering the inherent drawbacks of 0D analysis and 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) calculation, the 2D throughflow method is an indispensable tool. Based on the circumferential average method (CAM), 3D Navier–Stokes is transformed into a 2D method. One phenomenon arising is that the lack of description about circumferential motion leads to the need for the blade force modeling in compressor simulation. Previous models are based on the assumption that flow passes through the average stream surface without entropy increasing, which is not applicable in the CAM. An improved model is proposed based on the result analysis from CAM and NUMECA method in a linear cascade. Whereafter, the model is applied in a highly loaded and low-speed fan, which has been tested for its performance characteristics. Utilizing the new model, the error of the adiabatic efficiency between CAM and experiment decreases from 4.0% to 1.0% and the accuracy of the mass flow, and pressure ratio remains unchanged. The time involved in the CAM simulation is nearly 70 times faster than that of the 3D simulation.
Wineinformatics: Using the Full Power of the Computational Wine Wheel to Understand 21st Century Bordeaux Wines from the Reviews
Authors: Dong Zeqing , Atkison Travis , Chen Bernard
Published: January 2021

Although wine has been produced for several thousands of years, the ancient beverage has remained popular and even more affordable in modern times. Among all wine making regions, Bordeaux, France is probably one of the most prestigious wine areas in history. Since hundreds of wines are produced from Bordeaux each year, humans are not likely to be able to examine all wines across multiple vintages to define the characteristics of outstanding 21st century Bordeaux wines. Wineinformatics is a newly proposed data science research with an application domain in wine to process a large amount of wine data through the computer. The goal of this paper is to build a high-quality computational model on wine reviews processed by the full power of the Computational Wine Wheel to understand 21st century Bordeaux wines. On top of 985 binary-attributes generated from the Computational Wine Wheel in our previous research, we try to add additional attributes by utilizing a CATEGORY and SUBCATEGORY for an additional 14 and 34 continuous-attributes to be included in the All Bordeaux (14,349 wine) and the 1855 Bordeaux datasets (1359 wines). We believe successfully merging the original binary-attributes and the new continuous-attributes can provide more insights for Naïve Bayes and Supported Vector Machine (SVM) to build the model for a wine grade category prediction. The experimental results suggest that, for the All Bordeaux dataset, with the additional 14 attributes retrieved from CATEGORY, the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm was able to outperform the existing research results by increasing accuracy by 2.15%, precision by 8.72%, and the F-score by 1.48%. For the 1855 Bordeaux dataset, with the additional attributes retrieved from the CATEGORY and SUBCATEGORY, the SVM classification algorithm was able to outperform the existing research results by increasing accuracy by 5%, precision by 2.85%, recall by 5.56%, and the F-score by 4.07%. The improvements demonstrated in the research show that attributes retrieved from the CATEGORY and SUBCATEGORY has the power to provide more information to classifiers for superior model generation. The model build in this research can better distinguish outstanding and class 21st century Bordeaux wines. This paper provides new directions in Wineinformatics for technical research in data science, such as regression, multi-target, classification and domain specific research, including wine region terroir analysis, wine quality prediction, and weather impact examination.
Characterisation of Prostate Lesions Using Transrectal Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) Ultrasound Imaging: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anbarasan Thineskrishna , Wei Cheng , Bamber Jeffrey C. , Barr Richard G. , Nabi Ghulam
Published: January 2021

Background: ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (SWE) can non-invasively assess prostate tissue stiffness. This systematic review aims to evaluate SWE for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and compare diagnostic estimates between studies reporting the detection of all PCa and clinically significant PCa (csPCa). Methods: a literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and CINAHL databases. Studies evaluating SWE for the detection of PCa using histopathology as reference standard were included. Results: 16 studies including 2277 patients were included for review. Nine studies evaluated SWE for the detection of PCa using systematic biopsy as a reference standard at the per-sample level, with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.85 (95% CI = 0.74–0.92) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.75–0.91), respectively. Five studies evaluated SWE for the detection of PCa using histopathology of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens as the reference standard, with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.71 (95% CI = 0.55–0.83) and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.42–0.92), respectively. Sub-group analysis revealed a higher pooled sensitivity (0.77 vs. 0.62) and specificity (0.84 vs. 0.53) for detection of csPCa compared to all PCa among studies using RP specimens as the reference standard. Conclusion: SWE is an attractive imaging modality for the detection of PCa.
An Automated Open-Source Approach for Debinding Simulation in Metal Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Rosnitschek Tobias , Glamsch Johannes , Lange Christopher , Alber-Laukant Bettina , Rieg Frank
Published: January 2021

As an alternative to powder-bed based processes, metal parts can be additively manufactured by extrusion based additive manufacturing. In this process, a highly filled polymer filament is deposited and subsequently debindered and sintered. Choosing a proper orientation of the part that satisfies the requirements of the debinding and sintering processes is crucial for a successful manufacturing process. To determine the optimal orientation for debinding, first, the part must be scaled in order to compensate the sinter induced shrinkage. Then, a finite element analysis is performed to verify that the maximum stresses due to the dead load do not exceed the critical stress limits. To ease this selection process, an approach based on open source software is shown in this article to efficiently determine a part’s optimal orientation during debinding. This automates scaling, debinding simulation, and postprocessing for all six main directions. The presented automated simulation framework is examined on three application examples and provides plausible results in a technical context for all example parts, leading to more robust part designs and a reduction of experimental trial and error. Therefore, the presented framework is a useful tool in the product development process for metal extrusion additive manufacturing applications.
Test Groups, Not Individuals: A Review of the Pooling Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis
Authors: Millioni Renato , Mortarino Cinzia
Published: January 2021

Massive molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis is mandatory to manage the spread of COVID-19. Diagnostic screening should be performed at a mass scale, extended to the asymptomatic population, and repeated over time. An accurate diagnostic pipeline for SARS-CoV-2 that could massively increase the laboratory efficiency, while being sustainable in terms of time and costs, should be based on a pooling strategy. In the past few months, researchers from different disciplines had this same idea: test groups, not individuals. This critical review intends to highlight both the general consents—even if the results from different publications have been obtained with different protocols—and the points of disagreement that are creating some interpretative/comprehension difficulties. Different pooling schemes and technical aspects associated to the type of pooling adopted are described and discussed. We hope that this review can consolidate information to support researchers in designing optimized COVID-19 testing protocols based on pooling.
How Do Plants Respond Biochemically to Fire? The Role of Photosynthetic Pigments and Secondary Metabolites in the Post-Fire Resprouting Response
Authors: Santacruz-García Ana Carolina , Bravo Sandra , del Corro Florencia , García Elisa Mariana , Molina-Terrén Domingo M. , Nazareno Mónica Azucena
Published: January 2021

Resprouting is one of the main regeneration strategies in woody plants that allows post-fire vegetation recovery. However, the stress produced by fires promotes the biosynthesis of compounds which could affect the post-fire resprouting, and this approach has been poorly evaluated in fire ecology. In this study, we evaluate the changes in the concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and tannins as a result of experimental burns (EB). We asked whether this biochemical response to fire could influence the resprouting responses. For that, we conducted three EB in three successive years in three different experimental units. Specifically, we selected six woody species from the Chaco region, and we analyzed their biochemical responses to EB. We used spectrophotometric methods to quantify the metabolites, and morphological variables to estimate the resprouting responses. Applying a multivariate analysis, we built an index to estimate the biochemical response to fire to EB per each species. Our results demonstrate that photosynthetic pigment concentration did not vary significantly in burnt plants that resprout in response to EB, whereas concentrations of secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds and tannins) increased up to two years after EB. Our main results showed that phenolic compounds could play a significant role in the resprouting responses, while photosynthetic pigments seem to have a minor but significant role. Such results were reaffirmed by the significant correlation between the biochemical response to fire and both resprouting capacity and resprouting growth. However, we observed that the biochemical response effect on resprouting was lower in tree species than in shrubby species. Our study contributes to the understanding of the biochemical responses that are involved in the post-fire vegetation recovery.
Using Machine Learning for Web Page Classification in Search Engine Optimization
Authors: Matošević Goran , Dobša Jasminka , Mladenić Dunja
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a novel approach of using machine learning algorithms based on experts’ knowledge to classify web pages into three predefined classes according to the degree of content adjustment to the search engine optimization (SEO) recommendations. In this study, classifiers were built and trained to classify an unknown sample (web page) into one of the three predefined classes and to identify important factors that affect the degree of page adjustment. The data in the training set are manually labeled by domain experts. The experimental results show that machine learning can be used for predicting the degree of adjustment of web pages to the SEO recommendations—classifier accuracy ranges from 54.59% to 69.67%, which is higher than the baseline accuracy of classification of samples in the majority class (48.83%). Practical significance of the proposed approach is in providing the core for building software agents and expert systems to automatically detect web pages, or parts of web pages, that need improvement to comply with the SEO guidelines and, therefore, potentially gain higher rankings by search engines. Also, the results of this study contribute to the field of detecting optimal values of ranking factors that search engines use to rank web pages. Experiments in this paper suggest that important factors to be taken into consideration when preparing a web page are page title, meta description, H1 tag (heading), and body text—which is aligned with the findings of previous research. Another result of this research is a new data set of manually labeled web pages that can be used in further research.
Privacy Policy Analysis of Banks and Mobile Money Services in the Middle East
Authors: Javed Yousra , Al Qahtani Elham , Shehab Mohamed
Published: January 2021

Privacy compliance of the Middle East’s financial sector has been relatively unexplored. This paper evaluates the privacy compliance and readability of privacy statements for top banks and mobile money services in the Middle East. Our analysis shows that, overall, Middle Eastern banks have better privacy policy availability and language distribution, and are more privacy compliant compared to mobile money services. However, both the banks and mobile money services need to improve (1) compliance with the principles of children/adolescent’s data protection, accountability and enforcement, and data minimization/retention, and (2) privacy statement texts to be comprehensible for a reader with ~8 years of education or less.
The scRNA-seq Expression Profiling of the Receptor ACE2 and the Cellular Protease TMPRSS2 Reveals Human Organs Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Qi Jing , Zhou Yang , Hua Jiao , Zhang Liying , Bian Jialin , Liu Beibei , Zhao Zicen , Jin Shuilin
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 patients always develop multiple organ dysfunction syndromes other than lungs, suggesting the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 also invades other organs. Therefore, studying the viral susceptibility of other organs is important for a deeper understanding of viral pathogenesis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) is the receptor protein of SARS-CoV-2, and TMPRSS2 promotes virus proliferation and transmission. We investigated the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels of cell types from 31 organs to evaluate the risk of viral infection using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. For the first time, we found that the gall bladder and fallopian tube are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Besides, the nose, heart, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus, brain, testis, and kidney are also identified to be high-risk organs with high expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Moreover, the susceptible organs are grouped into three risk levels based on the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. As a result, the respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system are at the top-risk level for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study provides evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human nervous system, digestive system, reproductive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, and urinary system using scRNA-seq data, which helps in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.