bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oportunidades de melhoria nos programas de mestrado acadêmico em contabilidade a partir da avaliação da capes: uma análise longitudinal
Authors: Walter Silvana Anita , Domingues Maria José Carvalho de Souza , Gubiani Clésia Ana , Santos Vanderlei dos
Published: November 2013

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar, a partir da avaliação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES), os pontos fortes e as oportunidades de melhorias dos cursos de mestrado acadêmico em Ciências Contábeis, nos triênios 1998-2000, 2001-2003 e 2004-2006. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva e longitudinal com coleta de dados por meio de pesquisa documental. Para análise dos dados, empregou-se a técnica de importância versus desempenho. Observou-se que os programas melhoraram seu desempenho ao longo das avaliações em todas as prioridades de melhoria. Os principais pontos fortes identificados foram Corpo Discente, Teses e Dissertações; Produção Intelectual; e Corpo Docente. A aplicação da análise de importância versus desempenho mostrou-se adequada, uma vez que indicou as oportunidades de melhoria e os pontos fortes dos programas. A metodologia utilizada pode servir de norte para que cada programa analise seu desempenho em relação aos pesos atribuídos pela CAPES, bem como comparativamente ao desempenho dos demais programas avaliados.
Os conteúdos de biologia celular no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio - ENEM
Authors: Santos Julio Sergio dos , Cortelazzo Ângelo Luiz
Published: November 2013

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio vem se tornando um exame de extrema importância para avaliar os egressos do ensino médio. Isso porque ele seleciona estudantes para o ensino superior e contempla, em sua fundamentação a elaboração de competências e habilidades relacionadas a esse nível de ensino. O nosso estudo analisou a forma das questões exigidas pelo ENEM, bem como as habilidades avaliadas neste exame. De um total de 900 questões de diversas disciplinas, observamos 35 que continham algum conteúdo de biologia celular. Algumas dessas perguntas estavam associadas a diferentes disciplinas do ensino médio ou podiam exigir uma forte memorização de conteúdos específicos. Também foram encontradas questões que enfatizavam a resolução de problemas contextualizados, relacionados a fenômenos biológicos, mitigando, desse modo, o enfoque conteudista ou de conteúdo primado na aprendizagem no ensino médio.
Políticas de avaliação e regulação da educação superior brasileira: percepções de coordenadores de licenciaturas no Distrito Federal
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula de Matos , Souza Valdinei Costa , Sousa José Vieira de , Tavares Érica Pâmela Goulart
Published: November 2013

O artigo analisa as percepções dos coordenadores acadêmicos dos cursos de licenciaturas ofertadas no Distrito Federal sobre o SINAES, na busca de desvelar como ocorre a prática da avaliação e de regulação no universo pesquisado, apontando aproximações e afastamentos entre as concepções e diretrizes de avaliação e regulação da educação superior do Brasil em relação ao cotidiano das instituições pesquisadas. Para tanto, discute a relação entre a avaliação e a regulação exercida pelo Estado na educação superior em âmbito mundial, bem como o desenvolvimento da política de avaliação da educação superior no país nas últimas duas décadas. Como resultado, aponta de que forma os processos avaliativos se revertem em emancipação ou submissão acadêmico-administrativa nas IES pesquisadas.
Uma abordagem à avaliação das aprendizagens na formação de professores no contexto de Bolonha
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Alberto Alves
Published: November 2013

Com o Processo de Bolonha no ensino superior europeu, o ensino centra-se na aprendizagem e no trabalho autónomos dos futuros professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico, de que decorre a necessidade da prática da avaliação formativa dos seus diferentes percursos de aprendizagem. Com a finalidade de caraterizarmos as práticas de avaliação das aprendizagens de futuros professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico, fizemos uma análise dos pontos sobre a avaliação das aprendizagens dos programas das unidades curriculares dos cursos de 2º ciclo de formação daqueles professores da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. Foi-nos possível concluir que as práticas de avaliação programadas são, sobretudo, de natureza sumativa, apesar de nalgumas unidades curriculares se encontrarem alguns elementos da prática da avaliação formativa.
Las regiones indígenas y el modelo de las universidades tecnológicas en el Estado de Hidalgo
Authors: Ramírez-Martínez Marco Antonio
Published: November 2013

Este articulo es un acercamiento al desarrollo y funcionamiento del sistema de educación tecnológica en México en los últimos años, denota un panorama general de la evolución de las Universidades Tecnológicas en el país, considerando las políticas y reformas emprendidas por el gobierno federal; situación que ha llevado a este subsistema operar en forma coordinada con los gobiernos de los estados; en cuanto a su factibilidad, creación, presupuesto e instalación de las Universidades Tecnológicas en las distintas regiones. A partir de esto se aborda un análisis de la eficiencia del modelo y sus resultados en la inserción laboral y su impacto social en las regiones donde fueron instaladas estas universidades, donde una de las características principales de estos lugares, fue la marginación social presente en varios ámbitos. Surgen las Universidades Tecnológicas y su vinculación con el sector productivo incipiente en algunos casos, como una única alternativa educacional para los jóvenes egresados del nivel medio superior, que fincan sus anhelos y futuro social en la formación tecnológica; el articulo pretende resaltar el funcionamiento del modelo, reflexionando sobre el papel de todos los involucrados.
Acesso nas políticas da educação superior: dimensões e indicadores em questão
Authors: Silva Maria das Graças Martins da , Veloso Tereza Christina Mertens Aguiar
Published: November 2013

O texto tem por objetivo abordar o acesso à educação superior na perspectiva de atribuir-lhe uma significação e propor indicadores para balizá-lo, tendo em vista a democratização do acesso e/ou o pleno acesso. A par disso, traça um panorama das políticas da educação superior e apresenta um quadro da realidade, com base na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui que os avanços observados transcorrem sem referência ao acesso democrático, no que esse tem de elevado, substancial, abrangente.
Avaliação da satisfação no ensino de pós à distância: a visão dos tutores e alunos do PNAP/UAB
Authors: Ishida Jéssica Sayuri , Stefano Silvio Roberto , Andrade Sandra Mara de
Published: November 2013

Este artigo se originou da pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar o grau de satisfação dos acadêmicos e tutores em relação aos cursos de especialização do Programa Nacional de Administração Pública (PNAP), da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO. Para isso, utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, bem como a quantitativa. Para a coleta de dados optou-se pela aplicação de questionários, o qual teve a participação de 72 acadêmicos dos oito polos, envolvendo os três cursos do PNAP, os quais são a Gestão Pública, Gestão Pública Municipal e Gestão da Saúde, além de 50 tutores presenciais e a distância. Com base na análise das informações coletadas, verificou-se que há altos índices de satisfação, tanto de acadêmicos quanto de tutores. Também pode-se perceber que há uma preocupação em manter a qualidade de ensino dos cursos, já que tutores e professores estão atendendo de forma adequada e rápida às solicitações dos acadêmicos.
Pós-Doutorado, essencial ou opcional?: uma radiografia crítica no que diz respeito às contribuições para a produção científica
Authors: Castro Pedro Marcos Roma de , Porto Geciane Silveira , Kannebley Júnior Sérgio
Published: November 2013

O estudo trabalha com a perspectiva de investigar a influência do estágio pós-doutoral sobre a produção científica e mais especificamente comparar o desempenho acadêmico coletivo entre os pesquisadores que optaram por realizar estágio pós-doutoral e os que ao longo da carreira docente não optaram por realizar capacitação pós-doutoral. O pós-doutorado é um item extra na carreira acadêmica e atua como processo de atualização e incremento de conhecimento, por meio de socialização e contato com mainstream da ciência. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como estudo de caráter exploratório e encontra-se circunscrita nas grandes áreas de Biológicas, Engenharias, Exatas e da Terra e Saúde. Com uma população de 86 doutores que realizaram o estágio pós-doutoral até junho/2005 e uma amostra de 198 docentes com e sem realização de estágio pós-doutoral atuantes na pós-graduação stricto sensu da USP, os resultados apontam diferenças e influência positiva do pós-doutorado, especialmente diante de um maior tempo transcorrido após a conclusão do doutorado. Entre os docentes com pós-doutorado realizado existe uma tendência de acréscimo, mas essa tendência não é tão forte e incisiva, mesmo após um maior tempo de titulação, diversos casos de pesquisadores com desempenhos similares são vistos, independentemente da realização ou não do pós-doutorado.
Population biology of the barbel drum Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus (Metzelaar, 1919) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in Caraguatatuba Bay, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Pombo Maíra , Denadai Márcia Regina , Santos Flávia Borges , Bessa Eduardo , Moraes Cristiane , Turra Alexander
Published: November 2013

This study evaluated the population biology of Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in a shallow non-estuarine coastal area of southeastern Brazil. Monthly samples were taken from October 2003 through October 2004, in two distinct areas at depths from 1 to 4 m. C. gracilicirrhus was generally among the most abundant fish species during the period. Its density was significantly higher in a single sampling month, May 2004, in the South area, which may be explained by its migratory behavior together with its preference for deeper areas. Such behavior may lead to bias in community estimates that use few or only seasonal samples. C. gracilicirrhus individuals ranged from 4.0 to 10.2 cm long, with a main mode from 7.5 to 9.0 cm and a significant decrease in mean size from June onward. The estimation of body growth parameters was compromised by this population feature. Similarly, the prey spectrum was difficult to determine because of the deteriorated condition of the stomach contents, although crustaceans were clearly the most important items ingested. Amphipoda was the only subgroup that could be identified more precisely, mainly by the construction of their tubes.
Organotin pollution from pleasure craft at Paraty, a tourist area of Southeastern Brazil: amelioration or interference?
Authors: Borges Camila de Leon Lousada , Fernandez Marcos Antonio dos Santos , Castro Ítalo Braga , Fillmann Gilberto
Published: November 2013

Some organotin compounds, such as TBT, are endocrine disruptors and harm marine ecosystems. Even after the global ban on organotins, increasing imposex levels have been detected in Stramonita haemastoma analyzed in 2004 and 2011 in some locations at Paraty, a tourist area in southeastern Brazil. The results of this study indicate that particulate and dissolved organic carbon and xenoestrogens might be interfering in this syndrome's development, leading to underestimation of imposex evaluation. Chemical analysis of three mangrove swamp sediments in the area showed the presence of TBT (16.0 - 205.7 ng Sn g-1), DBT (10.1 - 16.4 ng Sn g-1) and MBT (10.1 - 10.2 ng Sn g-1) even at the reference sites. The concentrations of butyltins and the increased incidence of imposexat some stations indicate recent inputs of TBT in the study area due to its illegal use on small vessels.
Utilisation of by-product jarosite in the manufacture of ordinary Portland cement
Authors: Ali Mohammad M. , Agarwal Satish K. , Pahuja Ashwani , Singh Birendra K. , Duggal Sunil
Published: November 2013

Jarosite, a residual by-product generated by the zinc industry during the hydrometallurgical process, contains predominantly Fe2O3, SO3 and alkalis with a small amount of ZnO. These constituents are known to contribute significantly in the formation of clinker mineral phases and, therefore, the jarosite could be an effective mineraliser and activator in the manufacture of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) clinker. This paper highlights the effect of the addition of 0·5–2·0% of typical jarosite in cement raw mixes prepared with different grade limestone samples along with other conventional raw materials. The clinker parameters such as LSF, SM and AM were maintained in the range of 0·92, 2·07–2·18 and 1·01–1·14 respectively. Burnability studies conducted at temperatures of 1300, 1350, 1400 and 1450°C with a retention time of 20 min showed an increase in the rate of lime assimilation and rapid formation of clinker mineral phases. The mineral phase developments and microstructures of laboratory clinkers fired at 1400 ± 5°C were found to be adequate in the presence of the optimum dose of 1·5% jarosite and were comparable to the control clinker (without jarosite addition) prepared at 1450 ± 5°C. The physical performance of the OPC sample thus prepared from the above mineralised clinker showed performance comparable to the control cement. As the jarosite contained heavy elements, a leaching study was carried out by immersing 28 d hardened neat cement cubes in 500 ml distilled water over a period of 24 months in air-tight containers. Leachates such as barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, zinc, lead and strontium were found to be in negligible amounts.
Charge and surface energy interface among particles in cement and pozzolan suspensions
Authors: Tasci Eda , Yılmaz Bulent
Published: November 2013

This study was conducted to determine the interaction mechanisms among particles during the hydration of composite cements prepared with crystal and amorphous pozzolans. Chemical, physical, mineralogical and electrokinetic analyses of samples were conducted. Furthermore, free surface energy components defined with Van Oss, Chaudhury and Good equations and contact angle values of samples were determined by using the thin layer wicking method. The results demonstrate that particle charges, hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of surfaces and surface energies could be effective in interactions of ordinary Portland cement and pozzolan suspensions.
Influence of cement matrix on properties of 1–3–2 connectivity cement-based piezoelectric composite
Authors: Xu Dongyu , Xing Feng , Huang Shifeng , Lu Lingchao , Cheng Xin
Published: November 2013

In order to develop cement-based piezoelectric intelligent composites suitable for concrete structural health monitoring, 1–3–2 type piezoelectric composites were fabricated by using piezoelectric ceramic as the functional component and epoxy resin and different kinds of cement as the matrix. The properties of the composites were studied. The results show that, compared with pure piezoelectric ceramic, the relative dielectric factor ε33of the composite decreased while the dielectric loss tan δ33increased. The planar electromechanical coupling coefficient Kp, mechanical quality factor Qmand acoustic impedance Z of all the composites decreased, while the thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient Ktincreased. The composite with ordinary Portland cement matrix had the largest values of ε33, tan δ33, Ktand d33(piezoelectric strain factor).
Re-examination of cement hydration: sol–gel process
Authors: Wu Hwai-Chung
Published: November 2013

Hydration reactions and the resulting nano-structures are responsible for the fundamental properties of Portland cement and concrete. Recent advances in cement hydration and nano-characterisation techniques for Portland cement have started to unravel the basic cement hydration phases (calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel in particular) at the nano scale. It is likely that Portland cement and several others can be classified as ‘inorganic cements', since they share many common characteristics at the nano-scale structure level; still, each system possesses its own unique reaction mechanisms attributable to specific reaction environments. In this paper, such similarities are discussed and highlighted, when possible, in terms of inorganic polymerisation and sol–gel processes. The ability to tailor chemical structures of Portland cements at the nano-scale level can not only render improved mechanical properties but also possibly create unique microstructures.
Kinetics parameters of cement hydration by electrical resistivity measurement and calorimetry
Authors: Wei Xiaosheng , Xiao Lianzhen
Published: November 2013

The electrical resistivity method was used to detect bulk resistivity development (ρ(t) − t) and a calorimeter was used to measure the heat evolution (Q(t) − t) in cement pastes with and without fly ash at a fixed water to binder ratio of 0·4 during the first 24 h. The logarithmic equation ρ(t)=Kmln (Dt) is proposed to show electrical resistivity development over time during the deceleration period of hydration. A similar logarithmic equation, [Formula: see text], can be obtained from the heat evolution results. The parameters Km and [Formula: see text] respectively represent the rate of densification of the cementitious matrix per unit volume and the heat release rate per unit weight of binder. The paste with a lower replacement content of fly ash was found to have higher Km and [Formula: see text] values. There is a positive linear relationship between Km and [Formula: see text], so [Formula: see text] can be determined by Km. The parameters D and D′ represent the hydration rate for a cement particle in the hydration system: D slightly increases with fly ash replacement content using the electrical resistivity method and D′ from the heat results is close to the D value from the electrical resistivity method for the same fly ash content. A logarithmic relationship is established between the hydration heat at 24 h and the resistivity at 24 h. Based on this idea, the kinetics of hydration heat can be predicted using electrical resistivity measurement as an alternative method.
The analysis of mechanical changes of percutaneous vertebroplasty
Authors: Jun-Min Deng , Hai-Yun Li
Published: November 2013

In this article, a numerical analysis method of mechanical changes for percutaneous vertebroplasty is presented. Firstly, a 3D geometric model of lumbar functional spinal units has been built by segmenting computed tomography images and performing 3D reconstruction. On the basis of the geometric model, two kinds of 3D finite element models (FEM) for preoperative and postoperative vertebrae are created. Then, a numerical calculation method on FEM for the analysis of mechanical changes has been developed. The simulating calculation can reveal the stress and strain distribution and deformation of the preoperative and postoperative vertebrae. The approach could provide useful mechanical changes analysis and a fresh perspective into how the procedure can be implemented more effectively toward the goal of preventing osteoporosis-related fractures.
Stresses and displacements in reinforced tracks
Authors: Sowmiya Lazarus S. , Shahu Jagdish T. , Gupta Kaushal K.
Published: November 2013

Railways form an important part of the transportation infrastructure of a country and play an important role in sustaining a healthy economy. Indian Railways has now geared up to overhaul and upgrade its infrastructure to meet future demand of increasing traffic. Special emphasis has been placed on spreading the railway network by laying new tracks and also on increasing transportation efficiency by running heavier, longer and faster trains. The use of geosynthetics in civil engineering has advanced rapidly in recent years and it is now an internationally accepted material for various applications. Geosynthetics provide an important option to improve the support structure of the track, and thereby reduce the track maintenance costs and operational costs. In railway construction, geosynthetics may be installed within or beneath the ballast or subballast layers. In the present study, three-dimensional finite-element analyses of geosynthetic-reinforced railway track sections were carried out using commercial software ABAQUS 6·11 and the results were compared with that of unreinforced section in terms of induced stresses and displacements in the track structure. The results show that the geosynthetic reinforcement can be effectively used to improve the performance of railway tracks on clayey subgrade.
Ground improvement by vacuum consolidation – a review
Authors: Griffin Harry , O'Kelly Brendan C.
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a review of literature related to the vacuum consolidation ground improvement technique, focusing on issues affecting efficiency of performance and the application of the technique in peaty ground. Although it is now widely considered to be effective for reducing post-construction settlement, studies on vacuum consolidation in peat have, to date, mostly been limited to field trials. This paper offers an overview of the development and theory behind the technique. Issues affecting the efficiency of vacuum systems and recent advances in predicting the ground response to vacuum preloading are described. The application of the technique in peaty soils is investigated; an overview is also provided of some geotechnical properties that distinguish peat from soft mineral soils, highlighting lessons learned from relevant case studies.
Public engagement in major projects: the Hong Kong experience
Authors: Thomas Ng S. , Skitmore Martin , Tam Ka Yan , Li Terry H. Y.
Published: November 2013

Public engagement is an essential process for major municipal infrastructure and construction projects as it serves to identify the interests and concerns of citizens before the planning and design are finalised and thus ensures the schemes are beneficial to all sectors of the community. However, the success of public engagement depends on a number of factors, not least the suitability of the engagement methods used, representativeness and activeness of participants, time pressure, financial constraint and so on. In Hong Kong, the community has experienced discontent with several major projects recently, suggesting the need to examine the effectiveness of its current public engagement mechanism. This paper reports the results of a series of interviews with a variety of stakeholders – indicating the need for a carefully considered public engagement plan to be established at the beginning to drive the process and more experienced people to lead and facilitate the engagement process.
Adipocyte Spliced Form of X-Box–Binding Protein 1 Promotes Adiponectin Multimerization and Systemic Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Sha Haibo , Yang Liu , Liu Meilian , Xia Sheng , Liu Yong , Liu Feng , Kersten Sander , Qi Ling
Published: November 2013

The physiological role of the spliced form of X-box–binding protein 1 (XBP1s), a key transcription factor of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, in adipose tissue remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that overexpression of XBP1s promotes adiponectin multimerization in adipocytes, thereby regulating systemic glucose homeostasis. Ectopic expression of XBP1s in adipocytes improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in both lean and obese (ob/ob) mice. The beneficial effect of adipocyte XBP1s on glucose homeostasis is associated with elevated serum levels of high-molecular-weight adiponectin and, indeed, is adiponectin-dependent. Mechanistically, XBP1s promotes adiponectin multimerization rather than activating its transcription, likely through a direct regulation of the expression of several ER chaperones involved in adiponectin maturation, including glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa, protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 6, ER protein 44, and disulfide bond oxidoreductase A–like protein. Thus, we conclude that XBP1s is an important regulator of adiponectin multimerization, which may lead to a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and hypoadiponectinemia.
Early Enhancements of Hepatic and Later of Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity Combined With Increased Postprandial Insulin Secretion Contribute to Improved Glycemic Control After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Bojsen-Møller Kirstine N. , Dirksen Carsten , Jørgensen Nils B. , Jacobsen Siv H. , Serup Annette K. , Albers Peter H. , Hansen Dorte L. , Worm Dorte , Naver Lars , Kristiansen Viggo B. , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F.P. , Kiens Bente , Holst Jens J. , Richter Erik A. , Madsbad Sten
Published: November 2013

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) improves glycemic control within days after surgery, and changes in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function are likely to be involved. We studied 10 obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 10 obese glucose-tolerant subjects before and 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after RYGB. Participants were included after a preoperative diet-induced total weight loss of −9.2 ± 1.2%. Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity were assessed using the hyperinsulinemic- euglycemic clamp combined with the glucose tracer technique, and β-cell function was evaluated in response to an intravenous glucose-glucagon challenge as well as an oral glucose load. Within 1 week, RYGB reduced basal glucose production, improved basal hepatic insulin sensitivity, and increased insulin clearance, highlighting the liver as an important organ responsible for early effects on glucose metabolism after surgery. Insulin-mediated glucose disposal and suppression of fatty acids did not improve immediately after surgery but increased at 3 months and 1 year; this increase likely was related to the reduction in body weight. Insulin secretion increased after RYGB only in patients with T2D and only in response to oral glucose, underscoring the importance of the changed gut anatomy.
Impact of Age at First Childbirth on Glucose Tolerance Status in Postmenopausal Women: The 2008–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Jin Hwa , Jung Yun , Kim Sang Yong , Bae Hak Yeon
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the current study was to determine whether there was an association between age at first childbirth and glucose tolerance status in postmenopausal women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This study was based on the data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare from 2008–2011. Of 37,753 participants, data for 4,965 postmenopausal women were included in the analysis. Subjects were subdivided according to the age at first childbirth as follows: ≤19, 20–24, 25–29, and ≥30 years. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify whether there was an independent association between age at first childbirth and glucose tolerance status by adjusting for potential confounding factors.

RESULTS

The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes was 21.8% (1.066 of 4.965) and 15.3% (774 of 4,965), respectively. Diabetes prevalence differed significantly between the subgroups and was higher with earlier age at first childbirth: it was 10.9% in subjects aged ≥30 years and 23.8% in subjects aged ≤19 years at first childbirth. After fully adjusting for potential confounding factors, including lifestyle, sociodemographic factors, known diabetes risk factors, and reproductive factors, age at first childbirth ≤19 years was significantly associated with diabetes (odds ratio 1.492 [95% CI 1.005–2.215]). No significant associations were found between age at first childbirth and IFG.

CONCLUSIONS

Age at first childbirth influenced diabetes risk in postmenopausal women, and adolescent pregnancy was independently associated with a higher risk of diabetes in postmenopausal women.
Hyperglycemia Has a Greater Impact on Left Ventricle Function in South Asians Than in Europeans
Authors: Park Chloe M. , Tillin Therese , March Katherine , Ghosh Arjun K. , Jones Siana , Wright Andrew , Heasman John , Francis Darrel , Sattar Naveed , Mayet Jamil , Chaturvedi Nish , Hughes Alun D.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is associated with left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic dysfunction. South Asians may be at particular risk of developing LV dysfunction owing to a high prevalence of diabetes. We investigated the role of diabetes and hyperglycemia in LV dysfunction in a community-based cohort of older South Asians and white Europeans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Conventional and Doppler echocardiography was performed in 999 participants (542 Europeans and 457 South Asians aged 58–86 years) in a population-based study. Anthropometry, fasting bloods, coronary artery calcification scoring, blood pressure, and renal function were measured.

RESULTS

Diabetes and hyperglycemia across the spectrum of HbA1c had a greater adverse effect on LV function in South Asians than Europeans (N-terminal-probrain natriuretic peptide β ± SE 0.09 ± 0.04, P = 0.01, vs. −0.04 ± 0.05, P = 0.4, P for HbA1c/ethnicity interaction 0.02), diastolic function (E/e′ 0.69 ± 0.12, P < 0.0001, vs. 0.09 ± 0.2, P = 0.6, P for interaction 0.005), and systolic function (s′ −0.11 ± 0.06, P = 0.04, vs. 0.14 ± 0.09, P = 0.1, P for interaction 0.2). Multivariable adjustment for hypertension, microvascular disease, LV mass, coronary disease, and dyslipidemia only partially accounted for the ethnic differences. Adverse LV function in diabetic South Asians could not be accounted for by poorer glycemic control or longer diabetes duration.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes and hyperglycemia have a greater adverse effect on LV function in South Asians than Europeans, incompletely explained by adverse risk factors. South Asians may require earlier and more aggressive treatment of their cardiometabolic risk factors to reduce risks of LV dysfunction.
Glucagon Response to Oral Glucose Challenge in Type 1 Diabetes: Lack of Impact of Euglycemia
Authors: Kramer Caroline K. , Borgoño Carla A. , Van Nostrand Paula , Retnakaran Ravi , Zinman Bernard
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE

Previous studies have demonstrated aberrant glucagon physiology in the setting of type 1 diabetes (T1D) but have not addressed the potential impact of ambient glycemia on this glucagon response. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the impact of euglycemia versus hyperglycemia on the glucagon response to an oral glucose challenge in T1D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Ten adults with T1D (mean age 56.6 ± 9.0 years, duration of diabetes 26.4 ± 7.5 years, HbA1c 7.5% ± 0.77, and BMI 24.1 kg/m2 [22.6–25.4]) underwent 3-h 50-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) on two separate days at least 24 h apart in random order under conditions of pretest euglycemia (plasma glucose [PG] between 4 and 6 mmol/L) and hyperglycemia (PG between 9 and 11 mmol/L), respectively.

RESULTS

Glycemic excursion on the OGTT was similar between the euglycemic and hyperglycemic tests (P = 0.72 for interaction between time postchallenge and glycemic setting). Interestingly, glucagon levels increased in response to the OGTT under both glycemic conditions (P < 0.001) and there were no differences in glucagon response between the euglycemic and hyperglycemic days (P = 0.40 for interaction between time postchallenge and glycemic setting). In addition, the incretin responses to the OGTT (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-like peptide-2) were also not different between the euglycemic and hyperglycemic settings.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with T1D, there is a paradoxical increase in glucagon in response to oral glucose that is not reversed when euglycemia is achieved prior to the test. This abnormal glucagon response likely contributes to the postprandial hyperglycemia in T1D irrespective of ambient glycemia.
Evolution of the Ohio River Bridges Project in Kentucky/Indiana
Authors: Brettel Peter D.
Published: November 2013

The Ohio River Bridges Project was planned to be one $3bn Public/Private Partnership (PPP) project which transformed over time in to two projects, one a PPP and the other design/build. This paper describes how the design of a complex interchange, tunnel and two major cable stayed bridges evolved over time.
Can Design Competitions give Value for Money
Authors: Hussain Naeem
Published: November 2013

This paper describes various methods of procurement of bridges and suggests that organised properly design competitions for bridges can give value for money
The use of science in long span bridge engineering
Authors: Sham Robin
Published: November 2013

This paper describes a selection bridge projects over some three decades, which are vivid examples of the use of science in long span bridge engineering. The case examples have been specially chosen for fundamental improvements on bridge engineering, and for creative influence on our profession. The projects have individually and collectively shaped the prevalent thinking and steered future trends. Through his involvement in these cable-stayed, suspension and major marine bridge crossings, the author also recounts the evolution in bridge technology which has pushed new frontiers and made possible the creation of each of the magnificent bridges. Within the confines of this paper, the chronology of selected influential bridge projects include the Second Severn Crossing, the world’s all-weather crossing with protection to users against cross-winds; the

Aberfeldy Bridge; the world’s first all-fibre reinforced composite cable-stayed bridge; Kap Shui Mun Bridge, the world’s longest two-level, combined rail-road sea crossing upon completion; Tsing Lung Bridge, a third generation suspension bridge with a shallow, streamlined twin-box deck

girder; Sutong and Stonecutters Bridges, the world’s two longest cable-stayed bridges upon completion; Padma Bridge, a 6.15km long, two-level, combine rail-road river crossing; and Taizhou Bridge, the world’s first long-span, three-pylon, two-main span suspension bridge.
Innovation in Long Span Concrete Bridges
Authors: Kasuga Akio
Published: November 2013

This paper includes a new conceptual approach for half-through arch bridges, and proposes a solution that can produce economic and easy-to-build arch bridges. Innovation in cable supported structures such as cable-stayed and extradosed bridges can be seen in terms of finding ways to make the main girders lighter. Recently, there has been remarkable progress in composite structures that permit lighter main girders. The paper introduces a number of initiatives to reduce the weight of cable supported bridges, focusing mainly on Japan, in the hope of providing ideas for further innovation.
Technology As a Means of Reducing Poverty
Authors: Silman Robert
Published: November 2013

IABSE and its members can play an active role in alleviating world poverty. We have the means, it just takes the will.
The Role of Structural Engineers in Poverty Reduction
Authors: Wium Jan A.
Published: November 2013

The paper first presents the strategy of the South African government for development of infrastructure which, on a macro level, will assist to alleviate poverty in the country and the region. The role of the structural engineer in these projects is undeniable.

On a micro level it is shown how individual projects can create employment opportunities, skills training programs and can provide access to amenities and employment opportunities. This is described by using four example projects.

Although the contribution of the above initiatives cannot be discounted, the real sustainable impact on poverty alleviation is described here as the transfer of hope and vision to poor communities. This component requires a mind shift from the average structural engineer, where it requires careful planning and personal dedication to create opportunities for interaction with communities.
Lessons learned from the collapse of the Nicoll Highway in Singapore April 2004
Authors: Endicott John
Published: November 2013

On 20 April 2004 an 80 m length of 30m deep excavation for railway construction collapsed along with a section of 6 lane highway in Singapore. Four workers died. This type of construction had been used for more than 30 years in Singapore with few accidents. Such a large collapse was a big shock. There was a detailed inquiry which identified that the initiation of the failure was a poorly detailed connection in the strutting system and the total collapse was due to inability of the system to withstand the failure of one row of strutting. Moreover there were many other contributory factors that were identified, such as an incorrect use of a computer program used to design the earth retaining system, erroneous back analyses, deficient monitoring, failure to observe stop work limits and many more including an over-riding culture of complacency. This paper briefly summarises the events, the findings of the Committee of Inquiry and the remedial actions taken, and sets out some of the lessons learned.
Rapid Assessment for Collapse Vulnerability of Non-Ductile Structures in Areas of Low and Moderate Seismicity
Authors: Lam Nelson
Published: November 2013

In areas of infrequent seismic activities away from tectonic plate boundaries many structures can be without any considerations given to safety issues in seismic conditions. Precast floors and bridge decks that are supported with inadequate seat widths are particularly vulnerable and may risk collapse when subject to a moderate degree of ground shaking. Retrofitting work is clearly warranted to mitigate potential disasters. However, accurately identifying structures that are potentially vulnerable can be a very costly and time consuming task if a large number of structures are to be assessed. Conventional codified methods of aseismic design of buildings are based on representing seismic actions as equivalent quasi-static lateral forces. Whilst the calculations appear straightforward lengthy analyses may be resulted from uncertainties in the stiffness and eccentric properties of the structure. Research undertaken in recent years has uncovered drift behaviour phenomena which are not widely known to practising engineers. Importantly, an alternative displacement based assessment method which was derived from these phenomena can be used to considerably simplify, and fast track, the assessment procedure. The quick scan method presented in this paper is ersatile and robust and yet has never been codified in any building nor bridge design standards.
Challenges in Implementation of Urban Transport Projects in Mumbai
Authors: Murthy P. R. K. , Naik Vikas
Published: November 2013

Smooth and effective implementation of urban transportation infrastructure projects in the city of Mumbai requires in depth planning and meticulous execution. Key considerations amid constraints are shared in the presentation that covers elevated infrastructure projects of flyovers, mono and metro rail.
Some Interesting Construction features in Namma Metro Viaducts and Stations
Authors: Chandra B. S. Sudhir
Published: November 2013

The burgeoning growth of population, vehicular traffic and advent of IT and electronic industries in the last four decades in Bangalore, reminded the need for a Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) in Bangalore as far back as in 1983. Several studies were undertaken including a World Bank study in 1988. A Light Rail Transit(LRT) system on Public-Private –Partnership (PPP), based on a feasibility study by IL &FS, after fixing a private partner was also tried; but it failed to takeoff due to a variety of reasons. The success of opening a few sections in Delhi by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) resulted in the award of a contract in 2002 to DMRC to make a DPR for a metro system in Bangalore consisting of two corridors and costing about Rs.5000 crores. DMRC’s report in May 2003 recommended two corridors, one East-West corridor from Byappanahalli to Mysore Road terminal upto Ring Road junction, 18.10 kms long and another North-South corridor from Yeshwantpur to RV Road Terminal 14.90kms long a total length of 33 kms at a completion cost of Rs.4989 crores. GoI approved the project in May 2006 at a completion cost of Rs.6395 crores meeting out the inflation in the intervening period. Equity participation of both governments, GoI and GoK, was equal at 15% each. Total share of GoI was 25% and GoK 30% including subordinate debt and the balance 45% was the senior term debt. Further in 2010, GoI approved extensions of 5.60km on north to Nagasandra and 3.70kms on South to Yelachenahlli on North-South corridor at a completion cost of Rs.1763 crores, making the metro net work Phase-1 in Bangalore, 42.30 kms long, at a completion cost of Rs. 8158 crores. On account of phenomenal increase in prices of cement and steel, building materials -especially sand-and fuel, the estimate was revised and Govt. of India approved the revised cost of Rs.11609 crores on 4th October 2011. (Rs. 1 crore = Rs. 10 millions).
The Signature Cable-Stayed Bridge in New Delhi
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Burkhardt Uwe
Published: November 2013

The Yamuna crossing in New Delhi, a single-pylon cable-stayed bridge with a main span of about 250m length will be India´s longest-span bridge of this kind. The bridge is presently under construction and will be opened to traffic in 2014. In the paper the authors will elaborate on design and analysis of the superstructure of the bridge, and will put it in the context of other such long- span bridges in India and worldwide.
Design of Steel Cable-stayed Bridge with Low Height Towers
Authors: Tomoda Tomoo , Takahashi Hidenori , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Fujino Yozo , Katsuchi Hiroshi
Published: November 2013

A large cable-stayed bridge with low height towers is planned crossing a canal near one of the major airports in Japan. As a result of the low towers and since the angle between girder axis and cable is small, the increase of deflection of stiffening girder becomes a design issue for earthquake and wind resistance performance. In addition, there is the issue of soil-liquefaction during earthquake because the bridge is located in a reclaimed soft ground area. In order to solve these issues, structural stability of the main structure was confirmed by FE analysis. For wind resistance performance, the behavior of the bridge was examined by wind tunnel experiment, and for earthquake-resistance performance of the basement, the movement of the tower foundations was checked by 2-D dynamic effective stress analysis of the ground.
Innovative Design of Tuanbo Bridge In An Urban Environment
Authors: Yeoward Andrew , Yunbiao Yang Luke , Liu Xuekai , Xie Bin
Published: November 2013

In 2006, Tianjin Municipality invited international firms to take part in a design competition for a new bridge over the 1,020 metres wide Duliujianhe River in Tianjin. The bridge location was unusual in that two navigation channels existed close to the river banks, separated by a shallow central portion. The winning scheme presented the concept of a pair of striking cable-stayed bridges each with a single needle-shaped pylon inclined towards one another, connected by a low level viaduct over the shallow portion of the river. The span arrangement of each cable-stayed bridge is 45+138+30+30m. The most spectacular part of the structure is the pair of 120m-long steel pylons inclined at an angle of 72º to the main girder, hinged at the bottom and supported by the bridge’s main piers. This paper will firstly introduce the general layout of the main bridge, and the design of the main steel and concrete girder, stayed cables and the leaning pylon. Secondly, the paper will discuss innovative structural design points which presented challenges to the designers for this longer-than-usual span for the concept selected. Finally, the construction method of this bridge will be also introduced in brief.
Rajiv Gandhi Sealink – Mumbai: Design and construction of the Bandra and Worli Twin Cable-stayed Bridges
Authors: Meyer Max , Sharma D. K. , Paradkar Dinesh D.
Published: November 2013

Rajiv Gandhi Sealink Project (Bandra to Worli Sealink) in Mumbai, India, is an eight lane 4.7 km long offshore road viaduct, West of the Mumbai Peninsula, which provides an alternative connection across the Mahim Bay between the districts of Bandra in the North and Worli in the South. Part of this viaduct are two twin cable-stayed bridges, the single pylon Bandra Cable Stayed Bridges with symmetrical main spans of 250m and the double pylon Worli Cable Stayed Bridges with main spans of 150m.

This project forms first phase of the Western Freeway sealink project in Mumbai, which will be, once completed, an offshore bypass all the way down to Nariman Point at the Southern tip of the Mumbai peninsula. The southbound carriageway was opened to traffic in July 2009, followed by the Northbound carriageway in March 2010.

This presentation focuses on the design and construction aspects of the two cable stayed twin bridges, whose decks are made up of precast box girder segments. Construction faced a lot of challenges mainly due to late design changes and the annual monsoon seasons. Because of rough sea conditions prevailing at this location construction over water had to be stopped every year during the four and half months long monsoon season.
Equivalent Model for Tower Design of Four-span Suspension Bridges
Authors: Choi Dong-Ho , Na Ho-Sung , Gwon Sun Gil
Published: November 2013

This study proposes a simplified equivalent model for the tower design of four-span suspension bridges under static loads. The model consists of towers and equivalent springs that replace the suspension cables. The stiffness of the equivalent springs is derived based on the parabolic configuration of the cable. For the analysis of the model, dead and live loads acting on the girders of each span are replaced with horizontal and vertical forces acting on the top of each tower. Then, the equivalent suspension bridge model is analyzed by solving the equations of the load- displacement relationships of the towers. Finally, an example model for a four-span suspension bridge is used for verification and the resultant values of the towers are compared by using the proposed method and finite element analysis.
Investigations on a degraded suspension bridge: damage characterization and rehabilitation
Authors: Germain Didier , Houel Adrien , Crémona Christian
Published: November 2013

This paper describes the experimental investigations and the planned rehabilitation programme of Teil Bridge in France. Soon after the sudden rupture of a cable near the anchorage, the bridge was closed to traffic. Inspections were carried out to understand the sources of this event and to assess the performance of cables and strand sockets. Prior to rehabilitation, the bridge safety was improved by strengthening each socket; the bridge was then re-opened to pedestrians and cyclists only. An acoustic emission system was installed during a full year period; events related to cable ruptures were accordingly monitored. Meanwhile, several other experimental investigations on steel and concrete materials (resilience, tensile steel strength, carbonation and chloride ingresses) were led to estimate the residual structural service life of the bridge and to plan repair actions. A major rehabilitation program was then scheduled with the change of all cables and sockets. This paper presents the different stages of these investigations and the rehabilitation process.
Analysis and Experiments on the Secondary Stresses of the Parallel Wire Cable in Suspension Bridge
Authors: Lee Minjae , Moon Jonghoon , Yoon Jahgeol , Kim Ho-Kyung
Published: November 2013

Flexural behaviours of tensioned parallel wire cable are suggested intuitively in three different ways, no slip, friction slip, and free slip. Indoor experiments for verification of suggested equations are carried out with tensioned parallel wire strand. Test results show that this simplified approach can describe well the flexural behaviour of parallel wire cable. The secondary stress in main cable of suspension bridge can be estimated in a way that is easier and more accurate.