bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting the classification of patients in public hospitals in Chile by designing, deploying and validating a system based on natural language processing
Authors: Villena Fabián , Pérez Jorge , Lagos René , Dunstan Jocelyn
Published: July 2021

Background

In Chile, a patient needing a specialty consultation or surgery has to first be referred by a general practitioner, then placed on a waiting list. The Explicit Health Guarantees (GES in Spanish) ensures, by law, the maximum time to solve 85 health problems. Usually, a health professional manually verifies if each referral, written in natural language, corresponds or not to a GES-covered disease. An error in this classification is catastrophic for patients, as it puts them on a non-prioritized waiting list, characterized by prolonged waiting times.

Methods

To support the manual process, we developed and deployed a system that automatically classifies referrals as GES-covered or not using historical data. Our system is based on word embeddings specially trained for clinical text produced in Chile. We used a vector representation of the reason for referral and patient's age as features for training machine learning models using human-labeled historical data. We constructed a ground truth dataset combining classifications made by three healthcare experts, which was used to validate our results.

Results

The best performing model over ground truth reached an AUC score of 0.94, with a weighted F1-score of 0.85 (0.87 in precision and 0.86 in recall). During seven months of continuous and voluntary use, the system has amended 87 patient misclassifications.

Conclusion

This system is a result of a collaboration between technical and clinical experts, and the design of the classifier was custom-tailored for a hospital's clinical workflow, which encouraged the voluntary use of the platform. Our solution can be easily expanded across other hospitals since the registry is uniform in Chile.
Single-cell spatial transcriptomic analysis reveals common and divergent features of developing postnatal granule cerebellar cells and medulloblastoma
Authors: Luo Wenqin , Lin Guan Ning , Song Weichen , Zhang Yu , Lai Huadong , Zhang Man , Miao Juju , Cheng Xiaomu , Wang Yongjie , Li Wang , Wei Wenxiang , Gao Wei-Qiang , Yang Ru , Wang Jia
Published: July 2021

Background

Cerebellar neurogenesis involves the generation of large numbers of cerebellar granule neurons (GNs) throughout development of the cerebellum, a process that involves tight regulation of proliferation and differentiation of granule neuron progenitors (GNPs). A number of transcriptional regulators, including Math1, and the signaling molecules Wnt and Shh have been shown to have important roles in GNP proliferation and differentiation, and deregulation of granule cell development has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma. While the progenitor/differentiation states of cerebellar granule cells have been broadly investigated, a more detailed association between developmental differentiation programs and spatial gene expression patterns, and how these lead to differential generation of distinct types of medulloblastoma remains poorly understood. Here, we provide a comparative single-cell spatial transcriptomics analysis to better understand the similarities and differences between developing granule and medulloblastoma cells.

Results

To acquire an enhanced understanding of the precise cellular states of developing cerebellar granule cells, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 24,919 murine cerebellar cells from granule neuron-specific reporter mice (Math1-GFP; Dcx-DsRed mice). Our single-cell analysis revealed that there are four major states of developing cerebellar granule cells, including two subsets of granule progenitors and two subsets of differentiating/differentiated granule neurons. Further spatial transcriptomics technology enabled visualization of their spatial locations in cerebellum. In addition, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 18,372 cells from Patched+/− mutant mice and found that the transformed granule cells in medulloblastoma closely resembled developing granule neurons of varying differentiation states. However, transformed granule neuron progenitors in medulloblastoma exhibit noticeably less tendency to differentiate compared with cells in normal development.

Conclusion

In sum, our study revealed the cellular and spatial organization of the detailed states of cerebellar granule cells and provided direct evidence for the similarities and discrepancies between normal cerebellar development and tumorigenesis.
Parental income gradients in adult health: a national cohort study
Authors: Evensen Miriam , Klitkou Søren Toksvig , Tollånes Mette C. , Øverland Simon , Lyngstad Torkild Hovde , Vollset Stein Emil , Kinge Jonas Minet
Published: July 2021

Background

Disparities in health by adult income are well documented, but we know less about the childhood origins of health inequalities, and it remains unclear how the shape of the gradient varies across health conditions. This study examined the association between parental income in childhood and several measures of morbidity in adulthood.

Methods

We used administrative data on seven complete Norwegian birth cohorts born in 1967–1973 (N = 429,886) to estimate the association between parental income from birth to age 18, obtained from tax records available from 1967, linked with administrative registries on health. Health measures, observed between ages 39 and 43, were taken from registry data on consultations at primary health care services based on diagnostic codes from the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2) and hospitalizations and outpatient specialist consultations registered in the National Patient Registry (ICD-10).

Results

Low parental income during childhood was associated with a higher risk of being diagnosed with several chronic and pain-related disorders, as well as hospitalization, but not overall primary health care use. Absolute differences were largest for disorders related to musculoskeletal pain, injuries, and depression (7–9 percentage point difference). There were also differences for chronic disorders such as hypertension (8%, CI 7.9–8.5 versus 4%, CI 4.1–4.7) and diabetes (3.2%, CI 3.0–3.4 versus 1.4%, CI 1.2–1.6). There was no difference in consultations related to respiratory disorders (20.9%, CI 20.4–21.5 versus 19.7%, CI 19.2–20.3). Childhood characteristics (parental education, low birth weight, and parental marital status) and own adult characteristics (education and income) explained a large share of the association.

Conclusions

Children growing up at the bottom of the parental income distribution, compared to children in the top of the income distribution, had a two- to threefold increase in somatic and psychological disorders measured in adulthood. This shows that health inequalities by socioeconomic family background persist in a Scandinavian welfare-state context with universal access to health care.
Effectiveness of a combined transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality-based intervention on upper limb function in chronic individuals post-stroke with persistent severe hemiparesis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Llorens Roberto , Fuentes María Antonia , Borrego Adrián , Latorre Jorge , Alcañiz Mariano , Colomer Carolina , Noé Enrique
Published: July 2021

Background

Functional impairments derived from the non-use of severely affected upper limb after stroke have been proposed to be mitigated by action observation and imagination-based techniques, whose effectiveness is enhanced when combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Preliminary studies in mildly impaired individuals in the acute phase post-stroke show intensified effects when action is facilitated by tDCS and mediated by virtual reality (VR) but the effectiveness in cases of severe impairment and chronic stroke is unknown. This study investigated the effectiveness of a combined tDCS and VR-based intervention in the sensorimotor function of chronic individuals post-stroke with persistent severe hemiparesis compared to conventional physical therapy.

Methods

Twenty-nine participants were randomized into an experimental group, who received 30 minutes of the combined tDCS and VR-based therapy and 30 minutes of conventional physical therapy, or a control group, who exclusively received conventional physical therapy focusing on passive and active assistive range of motion exercises. The sensorimotor function of all participants was assessed before and after 25 one-hour sessions, administered three to five times a week, using the upper extremity subscale of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the time and ability subscales of the Wolf Motor Function Test, and the Nottingham Sensory Assessment.

Results

A clinically meaningful improvement of the upper limb motor function was consistently revealed in all motor measures after the experimental intervention, but not after conventional physical therapy. Similar limited effects were detected in the sensory function in both groups.

Conclusion

The combined tDCS and VR-based paradigm provided not only greater but also clinically meaningful improvement in the motor function (and similar sensory effects) in comparison to conventional physical therapy.
High Prevalence of Anal Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men Living in Bamako, Mali
Authors: Koyalta Donato , Mboumba Bouassa Ralph-Sydney , Maiga Almoustapha Issiaka , Balde Aliou , Bagendabanga Jules Bashi , Alinity Almahdy Ag , Veyer David , Péré Hélène , Bélec Laurent
Published: July 2021

Background

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) anal infection is a major problem among men who have sex with men (MSM) living in sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of anal HR-HPV infection and associated risk factors were estimated in a cross-sectional study in MSM living in Bamako, Mali.

Methods

MSM consulting at sexual health center of the National NGO Soutoura, Bamako, were prospectively included. Sociodemographic and clinical-biological data were collected. HPV detection and genotyping were performed from anal swabs using multiplex real-time PCR. Risk factors associated with anal HPV infection were assessed by logistic regression analysis.

Results

Fifty MSM (mean age, 24.2 years; range, 18–35) of which 32.0% were infected with HIV-1, were prospectively included. The overall prevalence of anal HPV infection of any genotypes was 70.0% (35/50) with 80.0% (28/35) of swabs positive for HR-HPV. HR-HPV-58 was the most detected genotype [13/35 (37.1%)], followed by HR-HPV-16 and low-risk (LR)-HPV-6 [12/35 (34.2%)], LR-HPV-40 [10/35 (28.6%)], LR-HPV-11 [9/35 (25.7%)], HR-HPV-51 [8/35 (22.8%)], HR-HPV types 18 and 39 [7/35 (20.0%)] and LR-HPV-43 [6/35 (17.1%)]. HR-HPV-52 and LR-HPV-44 were detected in lower proportions [5/35 (14.3%) and 4/35 (11.4%), respectively]. LR-HPV-42, LR-HPV-54, HR-HPV-31 and HR-HPV-35 were detected in very low proportions [3/35 (8.5%)]. Multiple HR-HPV infections were diagnosed in one-third of anal samples [16/50 (32.0%)], including around half of HR-HPV-positive anal swabs [16/35 (45.7%)]. More than half [27/50 (54.0%)] swabs were infected by at least one of HPV genotypes targeted by Gardasil-9® vaccine, including a majority of vaccine HR-HPV [22/50 (44.0%)]. In multivariate analysis, participation to sex in group was associated with anal infection by multiple HPV (aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.1–18.1%; P = 0.032), and HIV-1 infection was associated with anal shedding of multiple HR-HPV (aOR: 5.5, 95% CI: 1.3–24.5%; P = 0.024).

Conclusions

These observations indicate that the MSM community living in Bamako is at high-risk for HR-HPV anal infections, with a unique epidemiological HPV genotypes profile and high prevalence of anal HPV covered by the Gardasil-9® vaccine. Scaling up prevention strategies against HPV infection and related cancers adapted to this highly vulnerable MSM community should be urgently prioritized with innovative interventions.
Modulation of striatal functional connectivity differences in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder in a single-dose randomized trial of cannabidivarin
Authors: Pretzsch Charlotte M. , Floris Dorothea L. , Voinescu Bogdan , Elsahib Malka , Mendez Maria A. , Wichers Robert , Ajram Laura , Ivin Glynis , Heasman Martin , Pretzsch Elise , Williams Steven , Murphy Declan G. M. , Daly Eileen , McAlonan Gráinne M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a high cost to affected individuals and society, but treatments for core symptoms are lacking. To expand intervention options, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of potential treatment targets, and their engagement, in the brain. For instance, the striatum (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) plays a central role during development and its (atypical) functional connectivity (FC) may contribute to multiple ASD symptoms. We have previously shown, in the adult autistic and neurotypical brain, the non-intoxicating cannabinoid cannabidivarin (CBDV) alters the balance of striatal ‘excitatory–inhibitory’ metabolites, which help regulate FC, but the effects of CBDV on (atypical) striatal FC are unknown.

Methods

To examine this in a small pilot study, we acquired resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 28 men (15 neurotypicals, 13 ASD) on two occasions in a repeated-measures, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. We then used a seed-based approach to (1) compare striatal FC between groups and (2) examine the effect of pharmacological probing (600 mg CBDV/matched placebo) on atypical striatal FC in ASD. Visits were separated by at least 13 days to allow for drug washout.

Results

Compared to the neurotypicals, ASD individuals had lower FC between the ventral striatum and frontal and pericentral regions (which have been associated with emotion, motor, and vision processing). Further, they had higher intra-striatal FC and higher putamenal FC with temporal regions involved in speech and language. In ASD, CBDV reduced hyperconnectivity to the neurotypical level.

Limitations

Our findings should be considered in light of several methodological aspects, in particular our participant group (restricted to male adults), which limits the generalizability of our findings to the wider and heterogeneous ASD population.

Conclusion

In conclusion, here we show atypical striatal FC with regions commonly associated with ASD symptoms. We further provide preliminary proof of concept that, in the adult autistic brain, acute CBDV administration can modulate atypical striatal circuitry towards neurotypical function. Future studies are required to determine whether modulation of striatal FC is associated with a change in ASD symptoms.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03537950. Registered May 25th, 2018—Retrospectively registered,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03537950?term=NCT03537950&draw=2&rank=1.
A case report of femoral head fracture with osteochondral lesion treated by osteosynthesis and biomimetic scaffold: 2-year clinical and radiological follow-up
Authors: Casiraghi Alessandro , Galante Claudio , Domenicucci Marco , Cattaneo Stefano , Spreafico Andrea Achille , Motta Marcello , Capitani Paolo , Milano Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

The aim of the present study was to present clinical and radiological outcome of a hip fracture-dislocation of the femoral head treated with biomimetic osteochondral scaffold.

An 18-year-old male was admitted to the hospital after a motorcycle-accident. He presented with an obturator hip dislocation with a type IVA femoral head fracture according to Brumback classification system. The patient underwent surgery 5 days after accident. The largest osteochondral fragment was reduced and stabilized with 2 screws, and the small fragments were removed. The residual osteochondral area was replaced by a biomimetic nanostructured osteochondral scaffold. At 1-year follow-up the patient did not complain of hip pain and could walk without limp. At 2-year follow-up he was able to run with no pain and he returned to practice sports. Repeated radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging studies of the hip showed no signs of osteoarthritis or evidence of avascular necrosis. A hyaline-like signal on the surface of the scaffold was observed with restoration of the articular surface and progressive decrease of the subchondral edema.

The results of the present study showed that the biomimetic nanostructured osteochondral scaffold could be a promising and safe option for the treatment of traumatic osteochondral lesions of the femoral head.

Study Design: Case report.
Mass drug administration for endemic scabies: a systematic review
Authors: Rinaldi Giulia , Porter Kholoud
Published: July 2021

Background

Scabies is an extremely fastidious infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. It causes a persistent itch that can disrupt a person’s mental health, sleep, and overall quality of life. In endemic areas, treatment by targeting symptomatic individuals and their contacts is often unsuccessful due to an asymptomatic period and high rates of re-infection. To overcome this, Mass Drug Administration (MDA) is often used to treat the whole community, irrespective of whether individuals presently have scabies. This review summarises the evidence for the effectiveness of MDA in treating scabies.

Methods

An exhaustive literature review was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. All peer-reviewed articles published in English January 1990 to March 2020 were eligible and only if the studies were primary and interventional. Furthermore, the intervention had to be a pharmacological MDA method involving human subjects.

Results

TWELVE articles that qualified for inclusion were identified. MDA for scabies significantly reduced its prevalence in communities at follow up. Some of the drivers of success were communities with low levels of migration, an uptake of MDA of > 85%, the use of oral Ivermectin therapy, the treatment of children and pregnant women within the treated population, and repeated treatment for participants diagnosed with scabies at baseline.

Conclusions

The average absolute reduction in prevalence of scabies was 22.0% and the relative reduction average was 73.4%. These results suggest MDA is effective in treating scabies in the endemic community. Further evidence is needed surrounding MDA use in urban areas with increased levels of migration. Importantly, MDA should not substitute the tackling of socioeconomic factors which contribute to endemic disease such as good sanitation and hygiene.
Dual contraceptive utilization and determinant factors among HIV positive women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2020
Authors: Ayele Alemu Degu , Kassa Bekalu Getnet , Beyene Fentahun Yenealem , Sewyew Dagne Addisu , Mihretie Gedefaye Nibret
Published: July 2021

Background

Dual contraceptive is the use of a barrier like condom along with any modern contraceptive methods which has double significance for the prevention STI including HIV and unintended pregnancy. The prevalence and determinants of dual contraceptive utilization described by different studies were highly inconsistent in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and determinants of dual contraceptive utilization among HIV positive women in Ethiopia.

Methods

International database mainly Pub Med, Google scholar, HINARI, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, AJOL was applied to identify original studies. STATA software version 14 was applied to analyze the pooled prevalence of dual contraceptive. I2 test statistics was computed to check the presence of heterogeneity across the studies and eggers test was used to identify publication bias. The pooled prevalence of dual contraceptive utilization was estimated by using a random effects model. The associations between determinants and dual contraceptive utilization were evaluated by using both random and fixed effect models.

Result

A total 9 studies with 9168 HIV positive women were enrolled in this study. The pooled prevalence of dual contraceptive utilization among HIV positive women in Ethiopia was 26.14% (95% CI 21.20–31.08). Disclosure of HIV status (OR = 4.18,95%CI:2.26–7.72), partner involvement in post-test counselling (OR = 2.31,95%CI:1.63–3.25), open discussion about dual contraceptive with partner (OR = 4.27 95% CI:1.69–10.77), provision of counselling on dual contraceptives by health care provider (OR = 4.47,95% CI:3.81–5.24) and CD4 count > 350 cells/ mm3 (OR = 3.87,95%CI:3.53–4.23) were among the significant factors associated with dual contraceptive utilization.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of dual contraceptive utilization among HIV positive women was significantly low. Disclosure of HIV status, partner involvement in post-test counselling, open discussion about dual contraceptive with partner, counselling on dual contraceptive by health care provider and CD4 count > 350 cells/ mm3 were positively affect dual contraceptive utilization. This study implies the need to develop plans and policies to improve partner involvement posttest counseling, integrate the counseling and provision of dual contraceptive at ART clinic at each level of health system.
Experiences in the use of an adaptive intelligent system to enhance online learners' performance: a case study in Economics and Business courses
Authors: Guerrero-Roldán Ana-Elena , Rodríguez-González M. Elena , Bañeres David , Elasri-Ejjaberi Amal , Cortadas Pau
Published: July 2021

Several tools and resources have been developed in the past years to enhance the teaching and learning process. Most of them are focused on the process itself, but few focus on the assessment process to detect at-risk learners for later acting through feedback to support them to succeed and pass the course. This research paper presents a case study using an adaptive system called Learning Intelligent System (LIS). The system includes an Early Warning System and tested in a fully online university to increase learners’ performance, reduce dropout, and ensure proper feedback to guide learners. LIS also aims to help teachers to detect critical cases to act on time with learners. The system has been tested in two first-year courses in the fully online BSc of Economics and Business at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. A total of 552 learners were participating in the case study. On the one hand, results show that performance is better than in previous semesters when using it. On the other hand, results show that learners' perception of effectiveness is higher, and learners are willing to continue using the system in the following semesters because it becomes beneficial for them.
Mortality among involuntary inpatients of psychiatric hospital
Authors: Fulga Iuliu , Neagu Anca-Iulia , Neagu Marius , Fulga Ana
Published: July 2021

Background

Mortality is often used as an indicator of public health efforts. Even if mortality in psychiatric hospitals decreased since the introduction of modern treatment, the death toll is still high. The authors have analyzed the forensic autopsy data and the medical documentation regarding 115 death cases from psychiatric hospitals in south-eastern Romania during the period of 2000–2020.

Results

The average annual mortality rate was 5.13‰, the necropsy data corroborated with those from the medical documentary material indicates acute myocardial infarction as the dominant cause, with 65 (56.5%) cases, followed by upper respiratory tract occlusion with 23 cases (20%) and pulmonary thromboembolism in 4 cases (12.2%). Furthermore, in 6 cases (5.2%) the cause of death was traumatic: 4 cases of cranio-cerebral trauma and 2 cases of hanging.

Conclusions

In the mortality structure of psychiatric patients, cardiac death predominated, being influenced by the cardiotoxic effect of medication administered for the specific pathology; hence, an early involvement of cardiologists in the follow-up of patients and the finding of treatment schemes with a reduced cardiotoxic effect are required.
Late Oligocene Melia (Meliaceae) from the Nanning Basin of South China and it’s biogeographical implication
Authors: Liu Wei-Qiu , Xu Sheng-Lan , Fu Qiong-Yao , Quan Cheng , Jin Jian-Hua
Published: July 2021

Melia L. is a small genus of only 2–3 species, which is native to Indo-Malesia, India, Pakistan and southern parts of tropical Africa. Fossil records of Melia are known from the early Miocene to the Pleistocene. Here we describe some mummified fossil endocarps of Melia from the upper part of the Yongning Formation (late Oligocene) in Nanning Basin, South China. These well-preserved stony endocarps are 8–14 mm long and 5–9 mm wide, and have 5 locules with a single spindle seed per locule. We interpret these endocarps as the internal remains of a Melia drupe, and assign them as a new species: M. santangensis sp. nov. This is the only fossil record of anatomically preserved Melia found in China, and also the oldest fossil record of Melia so far reported globally. The fossil record confirms the presence of Melia in Asia at the late Oligocene, and provides evidence supporting the distribution and dispersal hypothesis of the Meliaceae.
The relationship between mental health/physical activity and pain/dysfunction in working-age patients with knee osteoarthritis being considered for total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study
Authors: Jiao Juyang , Tang Haozheng , Zhang Shutao , Qu Xinhua , Yue Bing
Published: July 2021

Background

Increasing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgeries are being performed on working-age patients with prominent manifestations of pain and dysfunction. But few studies have explored the risk factors for pain and dysfunction in working-age patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) being considered for TKA. Therefore, this study sought to explore the relationship between mental health/physical activity and pain/dysfunction in working-age patients with KOA being considered for TKA.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of data derived from a public database, the Work participation In Patients with Osteoarthritis cohort study, which included 152 working-age patients (65 men and 87 women) with KOA planning for TKA. We analyzed preoperative data comprising age, educational level, body mass index (BMI), mental factors (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and the 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument [SF-36 mental health]), physical activity level, and clinical outcomes (the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and SF-36 sub-item score). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors for pain and dysfunction in working-age patients with KOA being considered for TKA.

Results

Women had lower pain, worse function, and higher PHQ-9 scores than men (p < 0.001). The depression scores were significantly linearly related to pain and function scores in women after adjusting for age, BMI, educational level, and physical activity (P < 0.05), whereas this relation was not observed in men. After adjusting for age, BMI, educational level, and mental factors, exercise time was found to be positively correlated with pain scores in women (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Depression scores and exercise time were significantly correlated with pain and dysfunction in working-age women with KOA being considered for TKA.
Congenital hepatic fibrosis with novel mutations in PKD1 gene masquerading as early cryptogenic cirrhosis: a rare case report
Authors: Dutta Souradeep , Jain Ankit , Abhinaya Reddy , Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman , Ramakrishnaiah Vishnu Prasad Nelamangala
Published: July 2021

Background

Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is a rare disorder of the porto-biliary system occurring due to the defective remodeling of ductal architecture leading to progressive fibrosis of the portal tract. Though classically, CHF has been reported to be associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), there have been only a few reports associating CHF with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Also, there is a lack of proper sequencing panels and gene database covering CHF-related genes in the medical literature. CHF often presents with features of portal hypertension without overt signs or symptoms of liver disease. However, often due to lack of awareness among radiologists and physicians, such cases might get labeled as early stage of cryptogenic cirrhosis.

Case presentation

Here, we report a 17-year-old boy who presented with a portal hypertensive bleed. Though initially an early phase of cirrhosis was suspected, no identifiable cause was found. Though he had grade IV esophageal varices, the liver function was absolutely normal with no signs of liver failure. This further leads to subsequent cross-sectional imagings which lead to the diagnosis of CHF. Further genetic analysis revealed it to be a rare case of CHF associated with ADPKD, with some novel mutations in the PKD1 gene.

Conclusion

CHF is a rare disorder needing a high index of suspicion and awareness. The presence of classic radiological morphological features of left lobe hypertrophy and right lobe atrophy with the tell-tale histopathological findings, fibrous enlargement of the portal tract, and irregularly shaped proliferating bile ducts often clinches the diagnosis.
Introduction to this special section: Seismic interpretation
Authors: Bedle Heather , van Gestel Jean-Paul
Published: July 2021

Seismic interpretation is the end game to our seismic data experiment. This is where all the hard work from seismic theory, modeling, acquisition, processing, and analysis comes together at the desks of the interpreters. They now have the ultimate task of making sense of these data to create and interpret geologically sensible models; build a coherent story regarding the trap, seal, and timing; find the in-fill target with enough remaining resources to be economical; and design the simplest and lowest-risk wellbore. In general, the interpreters provide a better understanding of the subsurface rocks and the risks and uncertainties associated with the interpretation.
Deep learning network optimization and hyperparameter tuning for seismic lithofacies classification
Authors: Jervis Michael , Liu Mingliang , Smith Robert
Published: July 2021

Deep learning is increasingly being applied in many aspects of seismic processing and interpretation. Here, we look at a deep convolutional neural network approach to multiclass seismic lithofacies characterization using well logs and seismic data. In particular, we focus on network performance and hyperparameter tuning. Several hyperparameter tuning approaches are compared, including true and directed random search methods such as very fast simulated annealing and Bayesian hyperparameter optimization. The results show that improvements in predictive capability are possible by using automatic optimization compared with manual parameter selection. In addition to evaluating the prediction accuracy's sensitivity to hyperparameters, we test various types of data representations. The choice of input seismic data can significantly impact the overall accuracy and computation speed of the optimized networks for the classification challenge under consideration. This is validated on a 3D synthetic seismic lithofacies example with acoustic and lithologic properties based on real well data and structure from an onshore oil field.
Automated Electronic Health Record–Based Tool for Identification of Patients With Metastatic Disease to Facilitate Clinical Trial Patient Ascertainment
Authors: Kirshner Jeffrey , Cohn Kelly , Dunder Steven , Donahue Karri , Richey Madeline , Larson Peter , Sutton Lauren , Siu Evelyn , Donegan Janet , Chen Zexi , Nightingale Caroline , Estévez Melissa , Hamrick H. James
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE

To facilitate identification of clinical trial participation candidates, we developed a machine learning tool that automates the determination of a patient's metastatic status, on the basis of unstructured electronic health record (EHR) data.

METHODS

This tool scans EHR documents, extracting text snippet features surrounding key words (such as metastatic, progression, and local). A regularized logistic regression model was trained and used to classify patients across five metastatic categories: highly likely and likely positive, highly likely and likely negative, and unknown. Using a real-world oncology database of patients with solid tumors with manually abstracted information as reference, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV). We validated the performance in a real-world data set, evaluating accuracy gains upon additional user review of tool's outputs after integration into clinic workflows.

RESULTS

In the training data set (N = 66,532), the model sensitivity and specificity (% [95% CI]) were 82.4 [81.9 to 83.0] and 95.5 [95.3 to 96.7], respectively; the PPV was 89.3 [88.8 to 90.0], and the NPV was 94.0 [93.8 to 94.2]. In the validation sample (n = 200 from five distinct care sites), after user review of model outputs, values increased to 97.1 [85.1 to 99.9] for sensitivity, 98.2 [94.8 to 99.6] for specificity, 91.9 [78.1 to 98.3] for PPV, and 99.4 [96.6 to 100.0] for NPV. The model assigned 163 of 200 patients to the highly likely categories. The error prevalence was 4% before and 2% after user review.

CONCLUSION

This tool infers metastatic status from unstructured EHR data with high accuracy and high confidence in more than 75% of cases, without requiring additional manual review. By enabling efficient characterization of metastatic status, this tool could mitigate a key barrier for patient ascertainment and clinical trial participation in community clinics.
Sismondi’s Price Theory
Authors: Bridel Pascal
Published: July 2021

This article examines the evolution of Sismondi’s price theory as well as his concept of market from 1803 to 1838. Sismondi’s early 1803 price theory in terms of supply and demand is first examined and contrasted with that of Smith in the Wealth of Nations. The progressive alterations brought to this initial formulation are discussed with the help of the relevant chapters from Nouveaux Principes ([1819] 1827) and from Études (1836–1838). In price theory terms, throughout the years Sismondi grew more and more skeptical about the process through which these prices would come about. Connecting this analytical issue with his concept of republican justice, he comes to the conclusion that a market economy characterized by unlimited competition will never lead to a socially desirable solution: such an order is neither efficient, nor natural or spontaneous and political economy is not morally neutral. In short, for Sismondi, the market never stood alone while, for him, the Ricardian approach gave nearly exclusive pride of place to market in the pursuit of wealth and happiness.
The Unequal Availability of Rental Housing Information Across Neighborhoods
Authors: Besbris Max , Schachter Ariela , Kuk John
Published: July 2021

As more urban residents find their housing through online search tools, recent research has theorized the potential for online information to transform and equalize the housing search process. Yet, very little is known about what rental housing information is available online. Using a corpus of millions of geocoded Craigslist advertisements for rental housing across the 50 largest metropolitan statistical areas in the United States merged with census tract–level data from the American Community Survey, we identify and describe the types of information commonly included in listings across different types of neighborhoods. We find that in the online housing market, renters are exposed to fundamentally different types of information depending on the ethnoracial and socioeconomic makeup of the neighborhoods where they are searching.
Family Income Level, Variability, and Trend as Predictors of Child Achievement and Behavior
Authors: Hill Heather D.
Published: July 2021

Recent decades have seen increases in the variability of family income, tepid income growth rates for all but the richest families, and widening income inequality. These trends are concerning for child well-being, given the importance of income to parental investments and parenting practices. Growing evidence suggests that a high level of change is disruptive to family processes and that chronic stress affects physiology as well as psychology. This study used the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement to estimate associations between three dimensions of childhood income dynamics—level, variability, and trend—and child achievement and behavior. After income level was controlled for, income variability during childhood was not associated with child achievement or behavior, but an increasing five-year trend in income-to-needs was modestly beneficial to behavior measures. Subgroup analysis suggests some adverse effects of income variability and trend on reading and behavior for non-White children but no clear patterns by child's age or family income or wealth levels.
Single-minded 2 is required for left-right asymmetric stomach morphogenesis
Authors: Wyatt Brent H. , Amin Nirav M. , Bagley Kristen , Wcisel Dustin J. , Dush Michael K. , Yoder Jeffrey A. , Nascone-Yoder Nanette M.
Published: July 2021

The morphogenesis of left-right (LR) asymmetry is a crucial phase of organogenesis. In the digestive tract, the development of anatomical asymmetry is first evident in the leftward curvature of the stomach. To elucidate the molecular events that shape this archetypal laterality, we performed transcriptome analyses of the left versus right sides of the developing stomach in frog embryos. Besides the known LR gene pitx2, the only gene found to be expressed asymmetrically throughout all stages of curvature was single-minded 2 (sim2), a Down Syndrome-related transcription factor and homolog of a Drosophila gene (sim) required for LR asymmetric looping of the fly gut. We demonstrate that sim2 functions downstream of LR patterning cues to regulate key cellular properties and behaviors in the left stomach epithelium that drive asymmetric curvature. Our results reveal unexpected convergent cooption of single-minded genes during the evolution of LR asymmetric morphogenesis, and have implications for dose-dependent roles of laterality factors in non-laterality-related birth defects.
Microfluidic-based imaging of complete Caenorhabditis elegans larval development
Authors: Berger Simon , Spiri Silvan , deMello Andrew , Hajnal Alex
Published: July 2021

Several microfluidic-based methods for Caenorhabditis elegans imaging have recently been introduced. Existing methods either permit imaging across multiple larval stages without maintaining a stable worm orientation, or allow for very good immobilization but are only suitable for shorter experiments. Here, we present a novel microfluidic imaging method that allows parallel live-imaging across multiple larval stages, while maintaining worm orientation and identity over time. This is achieved through an array of microfluidic trap channels carefully tuned to maintain worms in a stable orientation, while allowing growth and molting to occur. Immobilization is supported by an active hydraulic valve, which presses worms onto the cover glass during image acquisition only. In this way, excellent quality images can be acquired with minimal impact on worm viability or developmental timing. The capabilities of the devices are demonstrated by observing the hypodermal seam and P-cell divisions and, for the first time, the entire process of vulval development from induction to the end of morphogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate feasibility of on-chip RNAi by perturbing basement membrane breaching during anchor cell invasion.
An interview with James Wells
Authors: Grewal Seema
Published: July 2021

James (Jim) Wells is a Professor in the Division of Developmental Biology at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Chief Scientific Officer of the Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM) at Cincinnati Children's. Using both vertebrate embryos and human organoids as model systems, Jim's research focuses on the mechanisms by which gastrointestinal and endocrine organs form. Earlier this year, Jim joined the Development team as an Academic Editor. We caught up with Jim to find out more about his research career, the stem cell and organoid fields, and why he decided to get involved with the journal.
Fibroblastic reticular cell response to dendritic cells requires coordinated activity of podoplanin, CD44 and CD9
Authors: de Winde Charlotte M. , Makris Spyridon , Millward Lindsey J. , Cantoral-Rebordinos Jesús A. , Benjamin Agnesska C. , Martínez Víctor G. , Acton Sophie E.
Published: July 2021

In adaptive immunity, CLEC-2+ dendritic cells (DCs) contact fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) inhibiting podoplanin-dependent actomyosin contractility, permitting FRC spreading and lymph node expansion. The molecular mechanisms controlling lymph node remodelling are incompletely understood. We asked how podoplanin is regulated on FRCs in the early phase of lymph node expansion, and which other proteins are required for the FRC response to DCs. We find that podoplanin and its partner proteins CD44 and CD9 are differentially expressed by specific lymph node stromal populations in vivo, and their expression in FRCs is coregulated by CLEC-2 (encoded by CLEC1B). Both CD44 and CD9 suppress podoplanin-dependent contractility. We find that beyond contractility, podoplanin is required for FRC polarity and alignment. Independently of podoplanin, CD44 and CD9 affect FRC–FRC interactions. Furthermore, our data show that remodelling of the FRC cytoskeleton in response to DCs is a two-step process requiring podoplanin partner proteins CD44 and CD9. Firstly, CLEC-2 and podoplanin binding inhibits FRC contractility, and, secondly, FRCs form protrusions and spread, which requires both CD44 and CD9. Together, we show a multi-faceted FRC response to DCs, which requires CD44 and CD9 in addition to podoplanin.
Is hypoxia vulnerability in fishes a by-product of maximum metabolic rate?
Authors: Esbaugh Andrew J. , Ackerly Kerri L. , Dichiera Angelina M. , Negrete Benjamin
Published: July 2021

The metabolic index concept combines metabolic data and known thermal sensitivities to estimate the factorial aerobic scope of animals in different habitats, which is valuable for understanding the metabolic demands that constrain species' geographical distributions. An important assumption of this concept is that the O2 supply capacity (which is equivalent to the rate of oxygen consumption divided by the environmental partial pressure of oxygen: ) is constant at O2 tensions above the critical O2 threshold (i.e. the where O2 uptake can no longer meet metabolic demand). This has led to the notion that hypoxia vulnerability is not a selected trait, but a by-product of selection on maximum metabolic rate. In this Commentary, we explore whether this fundamental assumption is supported among fishes. We provide evidence that O2 supply capacity is not constant in all fishes, with some species exhibiting an elevated O2 supply capacity in hypoxic environments. We further discuss the divergent selective pressures on hypoxia- and exercise-based cardiorespiratory adaptations in fishes, while also considering the implications of a hypoxia-optimized O2 supply capacity for the metabolic index concept.
DEVELOPMENTS IN APPROACHES TO HERITAGE IN ESTONIA: MONUMENTS, VALUES, AND PEOPLE
Authors: Konsa Kurmo
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to look at the ways in which heritage isapproached, based on the conceptual framework of critical inheritanceresearch. In case of approaches to inheritance, I distinguish betweenobject-based, value-based, and people-centered approaches –depending on which aspects of the heritage are at the heart of theinheritance management process. I use different case studies fromthe Estonian context as examples. I am particularly interested in thechanges in heritage management in the time frame of the 1970s and1980s to the present day.In order to describe object-based heritage management, I willuse Kalvi Aluve’s book “The story about architectural monuments”(1983). It is a popular work targeted for the general public, which iswhy many of the views and concepts that are obviously used on adaily basis by those involved in the matter and have often becomean invisible part of the work culture, are explained in detail anddefined. Value-based inheritance management sets at the heart ofheritage the values attributed to heritage by the various stakeholdersin society. While in object-based heritage management people act asgroups against the backdrop of monuments, this approach shifts thevalues that people attach to heritage objects and heritage phenomenato the forefront.
Management of a Huge Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor of the Wrist
Authors: Kim Woo Jong , Lee Sang Mi , Kim Byungsung , Nho Jae-Hwi , Kim Jun Bum , Hong Chang-Hwa , Kwon Sai-Won , Yoo Ik Dong , Song Min Gon , Jung Ki Jin
Published: July 2021

Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCTs) are typically benign neoplasms of the joint, bursa, and tendon sheath. Usually, TGCT presents as a small localized tumor on the hand and wrist. The diffuse-type TGCT is more aggressive and mainly affects large joints such as knees, hips, ankles, and elbows. Diffuse-type TGCT of small joints is rare. To our knowledge, this is a very rare case of a huge diffuse-type TGCT on the wrist. We report a huge TGCT, which grew gradually over 10 years.
Siete hipótesis para una estética de la liberación.
Authors: Dussel Enrique
Published: July 2021

Estas hipótesis preliminares para una Estética de la Liberación, sugerida en muchas de mis obras escritas durante los últimos años, quieren ahora ir tomando la fisonomía de una narrativa, de un momento en el sistema abierto de la Filosofía de la Liberación, que llevaría por título tal nombre; es decir Para una Estética de la Liberación, y al mismo tiempo después del giro pertinente Hacia una estética decolonial. Por ser hipótesis me libro de mayores referencias bibliográficas e iré directamente al contenido de la cuestión sin advertencias mayores de posiciones teóricas estéticas clásicas y actuales, para mostrar el núcleo teórico-poiético del asunto.
School Health as the Mediator Variable: Determinants of the Principal Instructional Leadership Behavior
Authors: Sukarmin Sukarmin , Sin Ishak
Published: July 2021

The primary purpose of this research was to determine the effect of principal instructional leadership behavior on several determinants: organizational commitment, efficacy, and teacher satisfaction through school health. Five instruments that had been used are the principal instructional management rating scale (PIMRS); organizational health inventory for elementary schools (OHI-E); online course questionnaire (OCQ); teacher satisfaction scale (TSS); teacher efficacy scale (TES). All of these instruments had high validity and reliability; with Cronbach’s alpha values of each was PIMRS (.83), OHI-E (.81), OCQ (.80), TSS (.86), and TES (.79). A total of 350 public primary school teachers in Surakarta had been selected as respondents in this study with satisfied random sampling. AMOS software version 6.0 is used to analyze CFA and SEM. The results of SEM analysis to the structural model built by the researcher was good, with Probability = .001; RMSEA = .043; GFI = .941; AGFI = .907; CMIN/DF = 1.522), so the relationship between the variables in the constructs was interpreted; (1) The Principal instructional leadership behavior had a significant direct influence on the school health, (2) The school health parameter had a significant direct influence on organizational commitment, efficacy, and teacher satisfaction, (3) The principal instructional leadership behavior did not have a significant direct effect on organizational commitment, efficacy, and teacher satisfaction through the variables and school health.