Facteurs Explicatifs de la FÃ©conditÃ© des Femmes en union dans les RÃ©gions Septentrionales du Cameroun
Authors: Georges Tagang , Jean-Robert Rwenge Mburano , Steve Agogue Dimitri 
Published: March 2021

A en croire les donnÃ©es des recensements, parmi les dix rÃ©gions du Cameroun, celles septentrionales y reprÃ©sentent seules 34,4 % de sa population et ceci est dÃ» au fait que la fÃ©conditÃ© demeure trÃ¨s Ã©levÃ©e dans ces rÃ©gions. La prÃ©sente Ã©tude sâ€™est alors fixÃ©e comme objectif de chercher les dÃ©terminants de ce phÃ©nomÃ¨ne dans ces rÃ©gions et de caractÃ©riser les femmes qui, toutes choses Ã©gales par ailleurs, y sont les plus concernÃ©es par le problÃ¨me de forte fÃ©conditÃ©. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, les donnÃ©es de lâ€™EnquÃªte DÃ©mographique et de SantÃ© (EDS) rÃ©alisÃ©e au Cameroun en 2011 ont Ã©tÃ© utilisÃ©es. Leurs analyses ont Ã©tÃ© effectuÃ©es en recourant aux mÃ©thodes dâ€™analyse de la variance, au niveau bivariÃ©, et aux modÃ¨les de rÃ©gression linÃ©aire, au niveau multivariÃ© explicatif. La valeur sociale de lâ€™enfant Ã©tant Ã©levÃ©e dans les milieux Ã©tudiÃ©s, il est ressorti des rÃ©sultats de lâ€™Ã©tude que la fÃ©conditÃ© nâ€™y varie pas significativement dans les ethnies autochtones et, contrairement Ã  lâ€™attente, elle est davantage Ã©levÃ©e dans celles Ã©trangÃ¨res. Il en est aussi ressorti que la fÃ©conditÃ© dÃ©sirÃ©e est nÃ©gativement associÃ©e aux religions chrÃ©tiennes, au degrÃ© Ã©levÃ© de modernitÃ© culturelle, au niveau de vie Ã©levÃ©, Ã  lâ€™exercice des activitÃ©s dans le secteur moderne de lâ€™Ã©conomie et aux rapports Ã©galitaires de genre, dans les rÃ©gions oÃ¹ la relation entre chacun de ces facteurs et ce phÃ©nomÃ¨ne sâ€™est avÃ©rÃ©e significative. En revanche, dans le cas de la fÃ©conditÃ© effective, les effets inattendus de ces facteurs ont Ã©tÃ© davantage observÃ©s. Quant aux comportements de nuptialitÃ©, Ã  savoir lâ€™entrÃ©e tardive en union et les ruptures dâ€™unions, ils ont tous Ã©tÃ© trÃ¨s nÃ©gativement associÃ©s Ã  la fÃ©conditÃ© effective dans les milieux Ã©tudiÃ©s. En conclusion, la remise en question des valeurs sociales favorables Ã  une forte fÃ©conditÃ© est en cours dans ces milieux sous les effets des facteurs socioÃ©conomiques mais elle devrait Ãªtre renforcÃ©e par des actions de sensibilisation sur les consÃ©quences nÃ©fastes dâ€™une forte fÃ©conditÃ© et accompagnÃ©e par celles dâ€™amÃ©lioration de lâ€™offre de Planification Familiale.
 
According to the census data, among the ten regions of Cameroon, the northern ones represent alone 34.4 % of its population and this is due to the fact that the level of fertility remains very high in these regions. Therefore, this study aims at highlighting the determinants of this phenomenon in these regions and characterizing the women who, all other things being equal, are the most concerned by the problem of high fertility. To achieve these objectives, data from the Cameroon 2011 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) were analyzed, using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), at the bivariate level, and the linear regression models, at the explanatory multivariate level. As the childâ€™s social value is high in the settings studied, the study results revealed that fertility does not significantly vary among native ethnic groups and, contrary to expectations, it is higher in foreign ones. They revealed also that the desired fertility is negatively associated with the Christian religions, the high degree of cultural modernity, the high standard of living, the exercise of activities in the modern sector of the economy, and the equal gender relations, in regions where the relationship between each of these factors and the desired fertility was significant. On the other hand, in the case of the effective fertility, the unintended effects of these factors were highlighted. As for marriage behaviors, namely the late entry into union and the union breakdown, they were all very negatively associated with effective fertility in the settings studied. In conclusion, the questioning of the social values favorable to high fertility is underway in the studied milieu under the influences of socioeconomic factors but it should be reinforced by the womenâ€™s sensitization on the harmful consequences of high fertility and accompanied by actions aimed at improving Family Planning offer.