bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial Disparity of Eye Examinations Among the U.S. Working-Age Population With Diabetes: 2002–2009
Authors: Shi Qian , Zhao Yingnan , Fonseca Vivian , Krousel-Wood Marie , Shi Lizheng
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes care differs across racial and ethnic groups. This study aimed to assess the racial disparity of eye examinations among U.S. adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Working-age adults (age 18–64 years) with diabetes were studied using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (2002–2009) including the Diabetes Care Survey. Racial and ethnic groups were classified as non-Hispanic whites and minorities. People reporting one or more dilated eye examination were considered to have received an eye examination in a particular year. Eye examination rates were compared between racial/ethnic groups for each year, and were weighted to national estimates. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs for racial/ethnic difference were assessed annually using logistic regression models. Other influencing factors associated with eye examination were also explored.

RESULTS

Whites had consistently higher unadjusted eye examination rates than minority populations across all 8 years. The unadjusted rates increased from 56% in 2002 to 59% in 2009 among whites, while the rates in minorities decreased from 56% in 2002 to 49% in 2009. The largest significant racial gap of 15% was observed in 2008, followed by 11%, 10%, and 7% in 2006, 2009, and 2005, respectively (P < 0.05). Minorities were less likely to receive eye examination (2006: aOR 0.75 [95% CI 0.57–0.99]; 2008: 0.61 [0.45–0.84]).

CONCLUSIONS

The racial/ethnic differences in eye examinations for patients with diabetes have persisted over the last decade. National programs to improve screening and monitoring of diabetic retinopathy are needed to target minority populations.
Adiponectin and Bariatric Surgery: Associations With Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in the Swedish Obese Subjects Study
Authors: Herder Christian , Peltonen Markku , Svensson Per-Arne , Carstensen Maren , Jacobson Peter , Roden Michael , Sjöström Lars , Carlsson Lena
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE

Adiponectin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, but its role for incident diabetes, myocardial infarction, or stroke in obesity is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between systemic levels of adiponectin and the aforementioned outcomes in a population with severe obesity at high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We measured serum concentrations of total adiponectin in 3,299 participants of the prospective controlled Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Study (bariatric surgery group, n = 1,570; control group given usual care, n = 1,729). Median follow-up periods ranged between 10 and 13 years for different outcomes.

RESULTS

In models containing both baseline adiponectin and 2-year changes in adiponectin, high baseline adiponectin and 2-year increases in adiponectin were associated with decreased risk of diabetes and myocardial infarction among controls. In the surgery group, the 2-year weight loss was paralleled by substantial increase in circulating adiponectin (1,807–1,958 ng/mL per 10-kg weight loss). However, neither baseline adiponectin nor 2-year increases in adiponectin were associated with risk of diabetes or myocardial infarction in the fully adjusted models in the surgery group. No associations were found for stroke in either group.

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together, baseline adiponectin and 2-year changes were associated with incident diabetes and myocardial infarction in the control group but not in the surgery group. Baseline adiponectin did not predict treatment benefit of bariatric surgery.
Second-Line Agents for Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes: Are Newer Agents Better?
Authors: Zhang Yuanhui , McCoy Rozalina G. , Mason Jennifer E. , Smith Steven A. , Shah Nilay D. , Denton Brian T.
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE

While metformin is generally accepted as the first-line agent in treatment of type 2 diabetes, there are insufficient evidence and extensive debate about the best second-line agent. We aimed to assess the benefits and harms of four commonly used antihyperglycemia treatment regimens considering clinical effectiveness, quality of life, and cost.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We developed and validated a new population-based glycemic control Markov model that simulates natural variation in HbA1c progression. The model was calibrated using a U.S. data set of privately insured individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. We compared treatment intensification of metformin monotherapy with sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, or insulin. Outcome measures included life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), mean time to insulin dependence, and expected medication cost per QALY from diagnosis to first diabetes complication (ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, blindness, renal failure, amputation) or death.

RESULTS

According to our model, all regimens resulted in similar LYs and QALYs regardless of glycemic control goal, but the regimen with sulfonylurea incurred significantly lower cost per QALY and resulted in the longest time to insulin dependence. An HbA1c goal of 7% (53 mmol/mol) produced higher QALYs compared with a goal of 8% (64 mmol/mol) for all regimens.

CONCLUSIONS

Use of sulfonylurea as second-line therapy for type 2 diabetes generated glycemic control and QALYs comparable with those associated with other agents but at lower cost. A model that incorporates HbA1c and diabetes complications can serve as a useful clinical decision tool for selection of treatment options.
Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Subjects With Prediabetes and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Identified by HbA1c According to American Diabetes Association Criteria
Authors: Di Pino Antonino , Scicali Roberto , Calanna Salvatore , Urbano Francesca , Mantegna Concetta , Rabuazzo Agata Maria , Purrello Francesco , Piro Salvatore
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the cardiovascular risk profile in subjects with prediabetes and new-onset type 2 diabetes identified by glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) according to the new American Diabetes Association criteria.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Arterial stiffness, intima-media thickness (IMT), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated in 274 subjects without a previous history of diabetes. The subjects were stratified into three groups according to the HbA1c levels.

RESULTS

The subjects with prediabetes (n = 117, HbA1c 5.7–6.4% [39–46 mmol/mol]) showed a higher augmentation (Aug), augmentation index (AugI), and IMT compared with those with lower HbA1c; however, these values were similar to those of subjects with HbA1c >6.5% (48 mmol/mol). When we further analyzed the subjects with prediabetes but included only subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NT) in the analysis, AugI and IMT still remained significantly higher than their levels in control subjects with HbA1c <5.7% (39 mmol/mol). After multiple regression analyses including several cardiovascular risk factors, only HbA1c, age, and sRAGE were significantly correlated with the IMT, whereas age and 1-h postload glucose were the major determinants of AugI.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data show that subjects with prediabetes according to HbA1c, but with both NT according to the OGTT and normal fasting glycemia, have an altered IMT and AugI. These data suggest that a simple, reproducible, and less expensive marker such as HbA1c may be better able to identify prediabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk compared with fasting glycemia or OGTT alone.
Comparison of Radiographic Femur Measurements in Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths to Ultrasound Measurements in Ongoing Pregnancies
Authors: Pinar Halit , Palomaki Glenn E. , Haddow Hamish R. M. , Rowles Andrew , Torabi Ramyar
Published: February 2014

Identifying growth abnormalities in stillbirths is clinically useful but complicated by maceration. This is an observational study of consecutive postmortem examinations in which femur lengths and gestational age at delivery were collected, along with associated congenital anomalies and extent of fetal maceration. Between 2005 and 2012, 1530 consecutive postmortem examinations were performed and the information recorded. Fragmented fetuses (417), live-born fetuses that survived for more than 24 hours (134), fetuses with any signs of maceration (419), fetuses with known anomalies (98), and records with missing data (249) were excluded. The analyses focused on the remaining 265 nonmacerated stillborn fetuses and infants that survived for less than 24 hours after birth. The relationship between gestational age at delivery and femur length was computed, and a quadratic equation fit the data well between 12 and 40 weeks' gestation (R = 0.944). Gestational age–specific reference ranges for radiographic femur measurements in stillbirths are equivalent to those for ultrasound-determined measurements in ongoing pregnancies. These reference data may be useful in identifying growth abnormalities in nonmacerated stillborn fetuses.
USER REQUIREMENTS SUPPORTING THE SAFE NAVIGATION IN KOREAN COAST
Authors: Jeong Jung Sik , Jeong Jaeyong , Kim Hye-Jin , Kim Sun-Young
Published: February 2014

This research aims at investigating the user requirements at the service level for safe navigation system, following e-navigation strategy implementation plan. The user requirements is surveyed to collect real-time navigational information and then to find out services through the presentation of the collected information. To provide the information on user needs for the system developer, a questionnaire survey has been made. Based on this surveys, this research investigated which navigational information is with higher priority for the safe navigation during ship operation by bridge team in harbour and in coastal and confined.
MARITIME TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS IN WATERWAY WITH TIME VARIANT CPA
Authors: Jeong Jung Sik , Park Gyei-Kark , Kim Kwang-Il
Published: February 2014

This paper aims at evaluating the collision risk between the encountering vessels under time- -variant CPA situations and then assessing the maritime traffic characteristics. Radar and AIS data are collected from Mokpo VTS in Korea. All crossing vessels that are navigating within CPA 1 miles of Mokpo-Gu waterway are analyzed. The maritime traffic characteristics is analyzed by surveying the distribution of CPA as a function of TCPA. To make it clear, the traffic operating rate in the Mokpo waterway is also computed. The averages of CPA and TCPA were observed until the encountered vessels pass safety each other after they come in a certain ship domain. As a consequence, the distribution of CPA as a function of TCPA gives a useful information to evaluate the maritime traffic safety.
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS VS. A PILOT’S DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Authors: Kozuba Jarosław
Published: February 2014

This article describes the impact of a pilot’s situational awareness (SA) on the quality of decisions that are made by him or her. Situational awareness has been defined as a state and as a process. The article also refers to how the situational awareness and the decision-making process interact. The decision-making process and its components have been defined. Based on author’s own research as well as conclusions drawn from the subject’s literature, the importance of an acceptable SA level for the correct progress of a pilot’s decision-making process (and the likelihood of making a good decision) has been pointed out.
THE APPLICATION OF METHODS OF ROBUST M-ESTIMATION IN ESTABLISHING SHIP POSITION IN MARINE TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS BASED ON RADAR OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Świerczyński Sławomir , Czaplewski Krzysztof
Published: February 2014

In the last years considerable emphasis has been placed on safety at sea. There is the maritime security and surveillance system whose main aim is to execute tasks in the interests of maritime safety and to react in case of emergency. They are monitored by networks of radar stations. On such areas we obtain a lot of navigation data which could be used to improve ship’s parameters (position), using know in geodesy modern M-estimation methods. Simultaneous acquisition of navigational information from many independent radar stations will render it possible to obtain a more accurate ship position in marine traffic surveillance systems in relation to the calculated position. A position expected in an adjustment calculus is received from a watch officer. It is burdened with a fallacy of navigation systems and the quality of marking ship’s route on a map. In the case of navigational-parameter measurements used for depicting ship position, one can obtain incorrect results due to a disturbance in the measurement process. In extreme cases, such erroneous data could significantly differ from the anticipated results. Deviating observations could significantly influence the values of measurement results. In order to eliminate the determination of erroneous measurements, one could use resistant estimation methods with suitably selected attenuation functions. The accuracy of a determined position will not be better than the capabilities of the device used. Adjustment gives the possibility of eliminating or minimizing human errors as well as the errors in the indications of navigational devices. This paper presents the latest robust estimation methods using Danish attenuation function for adjustment of navigational observation, using radar observation.
NAVIGATION DECISION SUPPORTING SYSTEM (NAVDEC) — TESTING ON FULL MISSION SIMULATOR
Authors: Wołejsza Piotr , Magaj Janusz , Gralak Rafał
Published: February 2014

The known navigational systems in use and methods of navigational decision support perform information functions and as such are helpful in the process of safe conduct of a vessel. However, none of these known systems provides a navigator with ready solutions of collision situations taking account of all the vessels in the proximity of own ship, where the Collision Regulations apply. Another shortcoming of these systems is that they do not explain the assessment of a navigational situation and proposed manoeuvre parameters. Results of testing in simulation condition of NAVDEC - new Navigational Decision Supporting System developed by research team of prof. Pietrzykowski [Pietrzykowski et al., 2012a], [Pietrzykowski et al., 2012b] - were presented in this paper.
Comparison of Several Methods for Calculation of Reference Evapotranspiration
Authors: Rácz Csaba , Nagy János , Dobos Attila Csaba
Published: February 2014

The knowledge of the evapotranspiration of natural ecosystems and plant populations is of fundamental importance in several branches of science, research and practical uses. Nevertheless, the harmonisation of the large number of methods and user needs often causes problems. The objective of the analyses was to explore the output range and sensitivity of models of different physical approaches under local conditions. We performed descriptive statistical and sensitivity analysis of 10 commonly used estimation models - one of them with two variants. Correlation between modelled and measured evapotranspiration data series was assessed. The magnitude of the model outputs, their variability and responses to the changes of selected atmospheric parameters were evaluated. Priestley-Taylor, Penman-Monteith-FAO-56, Shuttleworth-Wallace (parameterized with alternative radiation balance), Szász and Makkink proved to be the most sensitive methods. As regards the systematic error, Makkink and Shuttleworth-Wallace showed the best agreement with pan evaporation, while Shuttleworth-Wallace, Blaney-Criddle and Makkink models were found to be the closest to the Penman-Monteith-FAO-56 method as a reference value.
Distribution and Host Preference of Poroid Basidiomycetes in Hungary I. – Ganoderma
Authors: Papp Viktor , Szabó Ilona
Published: February 2014

From the economical point of view, the genus Ganoderma is one of the most important groups of Basidiomycetes due to their medicinal effects and also because they cause decay in a very wide range of tree species all over the world. In this study new data of the Hungarian Ganoderma species are published and the specimens in accessible Hungarian herbarium collections are processed and revised. The article includes the nomenclatural status, the morphological characters, the host preference, frequencies and the details of the fungarium samples of six Ganoderma species (Ganoderma adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. cupreolaccatum, G. lucidum, G. resinaceum) as well. In total 215 Ganoderma specimens are examined and 10 hosts of the six native Ganoderma species new for Hungary are presented. The Hungarian locality and time of the collection of the only Ganoderma carnosum (IZ3122) specimen and two new localities of this rare species is published here for the first time.
The EU’s neighborhood policy towards the Southern Caucasus: searching for commonality in a patchy scenario
Authors: Alexeiciuc Sanda-Daniela , Babichenko Kirill N.
Published: February 2014

The paper explains the difficulties that have been emerging for the Southern Caucasus regarding these countries’ relationship with and towards the EU. Through the deconstruction of the area’s particularities and specificities, and its framing in the EU’s policy to the region, this paper aims at analyzing the implications of the transition efforts and stability in the area for Europe in general, along with the different roles each of these pieces - Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - play in the complex strategic Caucasian puzzle.
Occupational Choices of Romanian Rural Youth
Authors: Kerekes Kinga , Pakucs Bernadett
Published: February 2014

This paper tries to identify the main factors influencing the decisions related to occupational choices of rural youth from Cluj County, Romania, thus contributing to a better understanding of the problems and opportunities of Romanian rural communities. In order to achieve this, the results of two surveys are compared: the first one was carried out in 2007 and the second in 2011. The two surveys adopted the same methodology, thus allowing us to test the stability of the outcomes over a period of four years and highlight the main changes occurring in that period. In 2011 information was collected also regarding the current situation of young people belonging to the first generation, thus the cross-sectional analysis has been completed with a longitudinal analysis. Results show that the educational choices of rural youth from Cluj County were not essentially modified in the period 2007-2011, but there is a growing uncertainty regarding their future profession. Most of them want to work in the services sector, the preference for agriculture remaining low and there is a clear and persistent gender division among chosen professions. The main factors identified as having an influence on continuing education are: gender (more girls opting for continuing education than boys), school results and parents’ attitude towards education. Based on the conclusions of the analysis, some policy implications are also discussed.
Intergenerational Assistance on Family Farms in Slovenia: Expectations and Practices
Authors: Istenič Majda Černič , Hočevar Duška Knežević
Published: February 2014

The ageing in farm population in Slovenia is accompanied by a diminishing interest of the younger generation in farming. Hence, measures for early retirement of farmers and assistance to young farmers were introduced in 2004 and 2005. Some results of two ensuing studies are presented here: the survey Generations and Gender Relations on Slovenian Farms (2007) and ethnographic study on intergenerational solidarity (2009). The survey findings reveal that through intergenerational assistance farm population, especially the beneficiaries of both measures, shows specific characteristics compared to other observed groups (nonfarmers): stronger reliance on their own family resources and weaker dependence on state resources. The survey findings are further upgraded by the ethnographic results, explaining more in-depth from a life-course perspective the complex dynamics and background of intergenerational assistance on family farms.
Effects of cadmium chloride on mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells
Authors: Park Eun-Kee , Mak Sally K. , Hammock Bruce D.
Published: February 2014

Cadmium is a known renal toxin. The cytotoxic effect of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was evaluated on renal inner medullary collecting duct cells (mIMCD3). The 24 hr LC50 value for CdCl2 in mIMCD3 cells was 40 μM. The present study showed that mIMCD3 cells were sensitive to CdCl2 exposure
Comparison of Site Velocities Derived from Collocated GPS, VLBI and SLR Techniques at The Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (Comparison of Site Velocities)
Authors: Munghemezulu C. , Combrinck L. , Mayer D. , Botai O.J.
Published: February 2014

Space geodetic techniques provide highly accurate methods for estimating bedrock stability at subcentimetre level. We utilize data derived from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) techniques, collocated at the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, to characterise local plate motion and compare the solutions from the three techniques. Data from the GNSS station were processed using the GAMIT/GLOBK (version 10.4) software, data from the SLR station (MOBLAS-6)were processed using the Satellite Laser Ranging Data Analysis Software (SDAS) and the VLBI data sets were processed using the Vienna VLBI Software (VieVS) software. Results show that there is a good agreement between horizontal and vertical velocity components with a maximum deviation of 1.7 mm/yr, 0.7 mm/yr and 1.3 mm/yr between the North, East and Up velocity components respectively for the different techniques. At HartRAO there is no significant trend in the vertical component and all the techniques used are consistent with the a-priori velocities when compared with each other. This information is crucial in monitoring the local motion variations since geodetic instruments require a very stable base to minimise measurement errors. These findings demonstrate that station coordinate time-series derived with different techniques and analysis strategies provide comparable results.
Effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors on the growth of the excised fourth internode in tulips
Authors: Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak Elżbieta , Góraj Justyna , Miyamoto Kensuke , Ueda Junichi , Saniewski Marian
Published: February 2014

Effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors: methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (morphactin IT 3456), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) on elongation growth of the excised fourth internode of tulips (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cv. Apeldoorn were studied. After removal of flower bud, the continuing elongation of the excised fourth internode kept in water in normal or inverted position was observed, the elongation in inverted position being significantly higher than that in the normal position. On the other hand, the application of these inhibitors (0.2%, w/w in lanolin) in the place of removed flower bud substantially enhanced the elongation, the stimulation being much higher in the normal position than in the inverted one. When the inhibitors were applied in the middle or 1 cm from the base of the internode, the growth-promoting effect of these inhibitors was observed both in the upper and lower part of the internode, being greater in the upper part of the internode, regardless of the position of explants. Simultaneous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.1%, w/w in lanolin) at the place of the removed flower bud in the normal position with morphactin, TIBA and NPA applied in the middle or 1 cm from the base of the excised internode greatly stimulated the elongation, whereas almost no growthpromoting effect of these inhibitors was observed, in comparison to IAA. On the contrary, when IAA was applied on the base of the excised internode in the inverted position, the growth was inhibited, compared to that with lanolin only. The inhibitory effect of auxin was eliminated by the simultaneous application of morphactin, TIBA and NPA placed in the middle of the excised internode. These results suggest that auxin levels in the excised internode regulated by auxin polar transport play a crucial role in the regulation of its elongation growth.
Efficacy of spirotetramat in the control of the currant-sowthistle (Hyperomyzus lactucae l.) on blackcurrant plantations in Poland
Authors: Łabanowska Barbara H. , Korzeniowski Mirosław , Gasparski Tomasz
Published: February 2014

Spirotetramat applied as Movento 100 SC at dose rates: 0.7 and 1.0 L·ha-1 in a single treatment just after blossom resulted in a very high reduction of currant-sowthistle aphid - Hyperomyzus lactucae L. (Aphidoidea, Aphididae) on blackcurrants ‘Ojebyn’ and ‘Titania’. The results obtained with this pesticide applied at both tested dose rates: 0.7 and 1.0 L·ha-1 were comparable. The efficacy of spirotetramat at 7th day after treatment was similar or slightly poorer compared to standard insecticides, but at 21st day after treatment a higher reduction of aphids than with reference insecticides such as pirimicarb (Pirimor 500 WG at the rate 0.75 kg·ha-1), thiacloprid (Calypso 480 SC 0.15 L·ha-1) and thiamethoxam (Actara 25 WG at the rate 0.1 kg·ha-1) was recorded. With regard to environment safety and biodiversity it must be underlined that on plants treated with Movento 100 SC, high populations of Coccinellidae (both larvae and beetles), Syrphidae (larvae) and Phytoseiidae were noted.
Development of male sterile broccoli lines with raphanus sativus cytoplasm and assessment of their value for breeding purposes
Authors: Kamiński Piotr
Published: February 2014

The aim of this study was to obtain new broccoli lines with cytoplasmic male sterility trait for the development of the modern F1 hybrids. CDT70 cauliflower line obtained in the Research Institute of Horticulture, formerly Research Institute of Vegetable Crops, Skierniewice, Poland, with the reliable cytoplasmic male sterility from Raphanus sativus (Ogu-INRA) was selected as a source of this trait. Three broccoli lines: BMi, BCr1 and BCr2 were used as donors of commercial characters in all cross combinations with sterile components. Selected fertile broccoli genotypes were characterized by good quality, uniformity and high level of self-compatibility. The breeding procedure included three consecutive back crosses of male sterile genotypes with fertile broccoli lines that lasted from 2008 to 2012. In each generation, self-compatibility level, the stability of the male sterility trait and ability for the generative propagation of back-crossed genotypes were tested in comparison with donor broccoli lines in the greenhouse. The agronomical and morphological characters of the back-crossed progeny were also evaluated in the field. As a result, three CMS broccoli lines of Bc3 generation with good quality and high seeding index, suitable for the breeding purposes, were obtained.
Low temperature seed germination of cucumber: genetic basis of the tolerance trait
Authors: Kłosińska Urszula , Kozik Elżbieta U. , Nowicki Marcin , Wehner Todd C.
Published: February 2014

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germinates in an optimal temperature ranging from 24 to 28 °C. In order to develop cultivars with low temperature germination ability, knowledge regarding its genetic basis is needed. In our earlier study, we identified the accession PI 390953 as chilling tolerant and a good cold germinator. The objective of our present study was to compare cold germinability of cold tolerant breeding line B 5669 with PI 390953, and to measure the inheritance of this trait. At 13 °C, both tested cultigens (B 5669, PI 390953) showed the highest germinability and we found no significant differences between them regarding the rate of germination, days to germination (DTG), or germination index (GI). We also observed differences in the germination ability at 13 °C among seven hybrid populations of cucumber, derived from the cross between good cold germinator B 5669 (P1) and B 6115 (P2) lacking cold-germination ability. The fastest low temperature germination and the highest low temperature germination percentages were observed in B 5669 (P1) with germination of 78 and 100% on the 6th and 10th day of the test, respectively. In addition, the cultigen B 5669 exhibited the fastest germination, reaching on average of DTG = 5.7. B 6115 (P2) and BC1P2 proved unable to germinate at 13 °C even within 21 days. The seed germinability of F2 population fits a three-recessive gene model. Cucumber cultigens B 5669, PI 390953, and PI 246903 showed low temperature tolerance, but of them B 5669 may become the most desirable to breeders since it exhibits cold germinability combined with good fruit quality traits.
Halogens, alcohols and potassium permanganate extend the storability of hot pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum l.) under accelerated ageing conditions
Authors: Mathew Deepu , Doijode S.D. , Reddy K. Madhavi
Published: February 2014

The feasibility of extending the storability of fresh hot pepper seeds, by modifying the storage atmosphere, using the respiration inhibitors and seed desiccants was examined. Halogens such as chlorine, bromine and iodine and methanol, ethanol and potassium permanganate were used for a period of 22 months under accelerated ageing conditions of high seed moisture and temperature. The various seed quality parameters - viability, vigour, speed of germination, seedling dry weight, and moisture content were evaluated. In the untreated control, decreased seed viability was observed within 10 months of storage. However, iodine and chlorine were proved effective in retaining high seed viability up to 90.7 and 88.0%, respectively, even after 22 months of storage. Chlorine treatment was able to retain the seed vigour (904.0), iodine (766.4), KMnO4 (754.4) and methanol (566.7) whereas the value of vigour index in control was 72.0. Chlorine and iodine were on par in their ability to maintain the speed of seed germination (25.2 and 24.8, respectively), followed by KMnO4 (20.2). Seedling dry weight was proved as a parameter not sensitive in estimating the seed quality since even after 22 months storage of seeds at atmospheres of chlorine, iodine, KMnO4 and methanol did not show any differences. KMnO4 sharply reduced the seed moisture content from 9.83 to 7.89% providing better storability over the control.
Clinical and radiologic features of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma including initial presentation, local recurrence, and metastases
Authors: Kapoor Neena , Shinagare Atul B. , Jagannathan Jyothi P. , Shah Shaan H. , Krajewski Katherine M. , Hornick Jason L. , Ramaiya Nikhil H.
Published: February 2014

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and imaging features of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) including initial presentation, recurrence, and metastases.

Patients and methods. In this institutional review board-approved retrospective study, imaging features of 13 patients with pathologically proven EMC seen from August 1995 to December 2011 were analyzed. The group included 3 women and 10 men and the mean age was 54 years (range 29-73 years). Imaging studies were evaluated by two radiologists in consensus. Location, size, and imaging features of primary tumors were recorded as well as the presence of recurrent disease and location of metastases.

Results. Among 13 patients, 3 died during the timeframe of this study. Nine patients had primary tumor in the lower extremity, and average tumor size was 9.3 cm (range 3.3-18 cm). On MRI, primary tumors were hyperintense on T2, isointense to muscle on T1, and demonstrated peripheral/septal enhancement. Three patients had local recurrence and 12 had metastatic disease, with lung involvement being the most common. Tumor density on contrast enhanced CT ranged from 8.2 to 82.9 Hounsfield unit (HU). FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed in 3 patients. One patient had no FDG avid disease and 2 patients had metastatic disease with standard uptake values (SUV) of 2.8 and 7.4. The patient with intense FDG uptake demonstrated more solid appearing tumor burden and had the shortest survival.

Conclusions. EMC is a rare tumor that often occurs in the lower extremities and frequently metastasizes to the lungs. Increased tumor density and increased FDG uptake may be related to more aggressive disease
Influence of time on the bearing capacity of precast piles
Authors: Gwizdała Kazimierz , Więcławski Paweł
Published: February 2014

One of the most popular types of foundations in layered subsoil with very differentiated soil shear strengths are precast piles. One of the reasons is the fact that we can well control the driving process during the installation of these piles. The principles of the assessment of bearing capacity and settlements of the piles given by Eurocode 7, concentrate on two main methods, i.e., Static Pile Load Tests (SPLT) and Dynamic Driving Analysis (PDA). However, the evaluation of real load-settlement curve for piles being driven in layered subsoil, where noncohesive and cohesive soils occur alternately, is neither easy nor straightforward. In the paper, the results of both SPLT and PDA tests for objects on the highways in Poland are presented. Field investigations carried out at various time points since the installation of piles (from 7 to 90 days) revealed an increase of bearing capacity with time. The reason for this may be a change of the soil state near the piles due to their driving (displacement of piles) as well as a change of microstructure at the contact between soil and pile shaft. The results of load tests were referred to the geotechnical parameters of the subsoil, which was recognized by means of traditional borings and CPTU tests. The results of tests allow phenomena occurring with time to be assessed and bearing capacity of precast piles to be predicted.
Surface temperature control using thermal image processing
Authors: Jaworski Tomasz , Kucharski Jacek , Frączyk Andrzej , Urbanek Piotr
Published: February 2014

In the paper the computerized system for the surface temperature control of the rotating cylinder has been presented. In the presented solution, an IR camera works as a source of information about the thermal state of cylinder surface for the rest of the system. The necessary image processing algorithm as a basis for a control algorithm has been developed. An algorithm for the automatic localization of the cold cylinder by an IR camera using a set of thermal markers and a fuzzy recognition algorithm was developed. It enables one to calibrate the system properly in various operating conditions.
Data fusion in web-based visualization of 3D scene semantic model
Authors: Jabłoński Mirosław
Published: February 2014

In the paper, the subsystem for graphical visualization of semantic messages has been proposed and configuration dataflow has been described. The key problem in 3D object rendering over video camera image is fusion of parameters collected during camera calibration and pose estimation with models of visualized objects. Pose estimation results and transformation matrix setup were described. Proposed system has been developed in HTML5 internet web page format that uses portable JavaScript language and WebGL library that make use of GPU device. Presented prototype can be used by a web browser on desktop PC as well as on mobile device. No third-party software is necessary.
Application of multidimensional data analysis to chromatography
Authors: Satława Tadeusz , Grabska-Chrząstowska Joanna , Korohoda Przemysław
Published: February 2014

This work presents analysis of chromatographic signal used to identify substances in samples. First part consists of chromatography overview and description of three classification methods (neural network with backpropagation, probabilistic neural network with Parzen window and support vector machines). Designed algorithm consists of several stages: signal filtering, peak detection and its approximation with sum of two Gaussian functions. The parameters of that two curves are the features vectors describing the peak of the substance. The last step is classification, for which two types of supervised machine learning were compared, based on the whole signal and on features vectors. Both types were tested for different classificators and their parameters. Verification was based on 55 chromatography signals. The best results for both methods of learning were achieved for probabilistic neural networks. The correct classification rate was 82% for the whole signal and 93% for feature vectors.
Analysis of application of distributed multi-node, multi-GPU heterogeneous system for acceleration of image reconstruction in Electrical Capacitance Tomography
Authors: Majchrowicz Michał , Kapusta Paweł , Jackowska-Strumiłło Lidia
Published: February 2014

3D ECT provides a lot of challenging computational issues that have been reported in the past by many researchers. Image reconstruction using deterministic methods requires execution of many basic operations of linear algebra, such as matrix transposition, multiplication, addition and subtraction. In order to reach real-time reconstruction a 3D ECT computational subsystem has to be able to transform capacitance data into image in fractions of seconds. By assuming, that many of the computations can be performed in parallel using modern, fast graphics processor and by altering the algorithms time to achieve high quality image reconstruction will be shortened significantly. The research conducted while analysing ECT algorithms has also shown that, although dynamic development of GPU computational capabilities and its recent application for image reconstruction in ECT has significantly improved calculations time, in modern systems a single GPU is not enough to perform many tasks. Distributed Multi-GPU solutions can reduce reconstruction time to only a fraction of what was possible on pure CPU systems. Nevertheless performed tests clearly illustrate the need for developing a new distributed platform, which would be able to fully utilize the potential of the hardware. It has to take into account specific nature of computations in Multi-GPU systems.
Daily activity pattern of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) at two localities situated in urban and rural areas
Authors: Kaim Iwona , Hędrzak Magdalena , Ziewacz Łukasz
Published: February 2014

The aim of this paper is to characterize the daily activity pattern of the common hamster at two sites with different levels of human impact on environment. Locality no 1, Zesławice, is located within the administrative borders of Krakow agglomeration and is intensively penetrated by people. The farmers spend long periods of time in the fields and do much work manually. Locality no 2, Szczotkowice, is located between the villages of Szczotkowice and Pierocice, in the Działoszyce municipality. Extensive agriculture is carried out in this locality. The farmers use agricultural machines, but for most of the daytime, they are not present in the fields even during the busy harvest season. The daily activity of animals was studied using the method of food tables. The results indicate that hamsters from areas with high level of human pressures started their daily activity two hours later than those from rural areas. They exhibited higher synchronization and more uniform daily activity patterns than was recorded at the typically agricultural site. The morning and evening activity peak was significantly more distinct for urban hamsters than for rural hamsters.
Developmental patterns and body fat content of juvenile common hamsters (Cricetus cricetus l.)
Authors: Pluch Marc , Siutz Carina , Millesi Eva
Published: February 2014

The common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) is a facultative hibernator producing up to three litters per year. Juveniles born late in the season have less time to grow and prepare for the winter than early-born ones. We investigated a free-ranging population in an urban environment in Vienna, Austria. We compared body mass, proportion of body fat, as well as head, tibia and hind foot length between juveniles of first and second litters at natal emergence, four weeks post-emergence and shortly before onset of hibernation. In addition we tested for differences in growth rates during the first four weeks after emergence and for potential effects of sex and litter size. Capture-mark-recapture techniques were applied. Body fat content was calculated using a multiple regression model integrating morphometric parameters. At natal emergence, second litter offspring were larger and heavier than those of first litters. Litter size did not account for these differences. During the first week after natal emergence, first litter pups gained body mass faster, and during the first two weeks also showed faster head and tibia growth rates than second litter pups. Four weeks after natal emergence, however, second litter juveniles were still larger and heavier than first litter ones. Body fat content four weeks post-emergence did not differ between first and second litters but decreased with litter size. Shortly before onset of hibernation, however, first litter juveniles, which had more time to grow and accumulate body fat, exceeded second-litter ones in all measured parameters. In all litters investigated, we found no sex difference at natal emergence but males were heavier and larger than females four weeks thereafter demonstrating that the commonly known sexual dimorphism in this species developed during this period. Considering the time constraints late born juveniles face, the con ditional advance at natal emergence is assumed to be adaptive by increasing the chances for these individuals to survive overwinter despite the limited time to prepare for the hibernation period
Experimental Validation of the Calibration Function of the Hole Drilling Method and Ring Core Method for Residual Stress Measurement
Authors: von Mirbach David
Published: February 2014

Residual stresses in mechanical components can result in both detrimental but also beneficial effects on the strength and lifetime of the components. The most detailed knowledge of the residual stress state is of advantage or a pre-requisite for the assessment of the component performance. The mechanical methods for residual stress measurement are divided into the groups of non-destructive and destructive methods. Two commonly used mechanical methods for determination of residual stresses are the hole drilling method (HDM) and the ring core method (RCM) which can be regarded as semi-destructive. This investigation will experimentally determine the calibration functions for residual stress measurements of the HDM and RCM. These functions are used for RS analyses using the differential method. With a four point bending testing machine a defined stress can be triggered between the middle bearings. The strain in this area can be measured with strain gauges, so the stress is well-known. In this defined loading area, the strains in two load cases with HDM configuration and RCM configuration were measured using strain gauge rosettes. With these measured strains and the actually known stresses, the specific calibration functions can be calculated and were presented together with the numerical functions.
Investigation of Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Algerian Date Palm Wood
Authors: Amirou Siham , Zerizer Abdellatif , Pizzi Antonio
Published: February 2014

In Algeria, the aging of palms is a significant constraint, since 30 % of the palms are over the age of production and they will consequently waste planting areas. A series of experiments have been accomplished to observe the possibility of converting the date palm stem into valuable woodworking products. This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of date palm trunk (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Biskra oasis in Algeria. First, their chemical composition was studied and showed that they have amounts of holocellulose, lignin and cellulose similar to those encountered in softwood and hardwood. Results of flexural strength showed that the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were 6647.04 MPa and 35.04 MPa, respectively. The compression modulus and strength were 5.35 MPa and 2.338 MPa in parallel compressive tests, respectively.
Statistical Evaluation of Phenol Degradation by Ozone Oxidation
Authors: El-Midany Ayman A. , Mohamed Reda M. , Ibrahim Ibrahim A.
Published: February 2014

Phenol is a major environmental contaminant produced by various industries. In this study, phenol degradation was achieved using ozone treatment. The main parameter affecting the phenol degradation, i. e., ozone concentration, H2O2/phenol molar ratio and reaction time, were studied using statistical design of experiments to optimize the phenol degradation in terms of studied parameters. The results of the statistical design indicated that the ozone oxidation can be used for phenol degradation reaching high efficiency of 100 %. It was indicated that there is not only one condition at which the complete degradation can be carried out but also several design points lead to the same results. For instance, the complete degradation can be achieved at six hours reaction time, 0.03 H2O2/phenol molar ratio, and 10 g/m3 ozone concentration.
Thermodynamic modelling of the “Cu2O”–SiO2, “Cu2O”– CaO, and “Cu2O”– CaO – SiO2 systems in equilibrium with metallic copper
Authors: Hidayat Taufiq , Jak Evgueni
Published: February 2014

Phase equilibrium and thermodynamic experimental data in the Cu2O – SiO2, Cu2O – CaO, and Cu2O – CaO – SiO2 systems in equilibrium with metallic copper have been critically reviewed. The Modified Quasichemical and Bragg–Williams models in the FactSage computer package were used to describe the Gibbs energy of the molten slag phase as a function of composition and temperature. The available data have been used to optimize simultaneously a set of parameters in thermodynamic model equations for the Gibbs energy of liquid slag. The present thermodynamic optimization was carried out as part of the development of a thermodynamic database of copper-containing slag systems.
Synthesis and application of TiO2 nanotubes in environmental pollutant removal
Authors: Liu Rui , Yang Wein-Duo , Chung Zen-Ja , Chueng Hui-Ju
Published: February 2014

TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized at different hydrothermal temperatures: 110 °C, 130 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C. The calcination of the titanate precursors at various temperatures governs TiO2 nanotube formation; the calcination temperatures were 300 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C, and 800 °C. It was observed that with the sample prepared at 130 °C and calcined at 500 °C only anatase formed, but with the sample calcined at 800 °C, both anatase and rutile formed. The obtained TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis suggests that the TiO2 nanotubes prepared at a hydrothermal temperature of 130 °C and calcined at 500 °C have the highest surface area of 316.2 m2 g−1 of all samples. The synthesized TiO2 nanotubes were used as photocatalysts in the removal of the organic dye methylene blue from aqueous solution by UV irradiation.