bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reguladores de crescimento na cultura do algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Rossi Ana Carolina Marinho , Souza Elen Regina Cáceres de , Silva Matheus Gustavo da
Published: September 2020

A aplicação adequada de reguladores de crescimento no manejo do algodoeiro permite maior controle do crescimento vegetativo, interferindo positivamente na produtividade da cultura. Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos de níveis de reguladores de crescimento vegetal aplicados no algodoeiro.  O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Fitotecnia da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul - UUA, com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x4, cujos tratamentos foram compostos por dois reguladores de crescimento (cloreto de mepiquat e cloreto de clormequat) aplicados em quatro níveis (0 mL; 100 mL; 200 mL e 300 mL por hectare do produto comercial), com quatro repetições. As aplicações foram parceladas em 4 etapas (25% da respectiva dose total em cada uma delas). A primeira aplicação foi feita quando as plantas atingiram 50 cm de altura média (estádio fenológico B1). As aplicações subsequentes foram realizadas quando as plantas apresentaram média de comprimento dos cinco últimos entrenós da haste principal, igual ou superior a 3,5 centímetros. O cloreto de mepiquat proporciona redução na altura de plantas, menor diâmetro da haste e maior estande de plantas. Para ambos os reguladores, o nível de 200 mL ha 1-1 do p.c promove menores alturas de plantas e diâmetros da haste. O aumento dos níveis dos reguladores resulta em menores produtividades de algodão em caroço e redução no número de capulhos abertos por planta. A massa de 100 sementes, a produtividade e o rendimento de fibra não são afetados pelo uso dos reguladores em diferentes níveis.
Socioeconomic profile of agroextractivists in associativism, Marajó archipelago, Pará, Brazil
Authors: Silva Jéssica Paloma Pinheiro da , Silva Júnior Fernando Luís Couto da , Ferreira Bruno José dos Santos , Oliveira Luã Caldas de , Oliveira Lenilton Alex de Araujo , Silva Fabricio Nilo Lima da
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the socioeconomic profile of agroextractivists who practice associations in the archipelago of Marajó, state of Pará, Brazil. The study was carried out in the municipality of Breves, at the Ilha Pracaxi Settlement Residents Association (AMIP), with seven producers, in June 2019. Quanti-qualitative research was used, through the application of forms, with open and closed questions. Statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS for Windows program, version 11.5. It was observed that there is a predominance of females in the total of associates. This population has an age range between 31 to 40 years, where 71.43% have some type of marital bond. Most (57.14%) have incomplete primary education. It was detected that 85.71% have housing with wooden structure. We emphasize that the main source of income comes from family farming. In addition to agricultural practice, respondents develop fishing and extractivism in the forest (57.14%). It is also worth mentioning that a part of the producers is granted social benefits, reaching an income of up to 2 minimum wages (42.86%). Due to the scarcity of data in the literature, this study carried out a cross-sectional analysis regarding the reality of associations in the Marajó archipelago. Thus, the provision of these data can assist in directing public policies that favor sustainable development in the region.
A importância do ensino remoto: Um relato da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Hoffmann Wesley Pinto , Loss Raquel Aparecida , Guedes Giorgo Ferreira , Mexia Alexandre Agostinho , Guedes Sumaya Ferreira
Published: September 2020

Medidas emergenciais para contenção do avanço da COVID-19 no Brasil foram adotadas a fim de minimizar os reflexos da pandemia nas instituições de ensino superior. A formação continuada através de cursos online na modalidade assíncrona são uma das possibilidades de ensino em tempos de isolamento social. Nesse movimento, o presente estudo objetivou analisar e discutir os pressupostos da aprendizagem remota, a partir dos dados obtidos no curso assíncrono ofertado pela Universidade de Mato Grosso. Apresentamos os princípios da aprendizagem interativa e significativa, aliados aos dados obtidos no ato da inscrição dos participantes, comparando o alcance do curso remoto e presencial, além dos principais motivos pelos quais os participantes inscreveram-se nos cursos. Destacamos que, na modalidade virtual as comunidades externas e profissionais da área foram contemplados com um curso que não exigiu dos participantes os encontros presenciais, e assim, ampliou as possibilidades de intersecção entre todos os participantes do curso, visando a construção de conceitos e práticas sociais mais aliadas ao contexto de atuação dos profissionais. Além disso, os dados quantitativos corroboraram com nossos pressupostos teóricos, já que demonstraram a participação por diversos estados da federação, que na modalidade presencial, dificilmente teriam a possibilidade de estarem inseridos no curso.
Manisa İli Pamuk Alanlarında Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae)’nın Bazı Biyolojik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: MEMİŞ Samet , ÖZPINAR Ali
Published: September 2020

Çalışma, Manisa ili pamuk alanlarında Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae)’nın bazı biyolojik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla 2018-2019 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Her iki yılda da Manisa ili Şehzadeler ilçesi ve köylerindeki pamuk alanlarını temsil edecek şeklide üreticilere ait 5 farklı deneme parseli belirlenmiştir. Pamuk, 2018 yılında 14-21 Nisan tarihlerinde ekilmiş Aphis gossypii, Empoasca spp, ve Tetranychus urticae’ye karşı bir kez ilaçlama yapılmıştır. Pamuk ekimi 2019 yılında ise 25-27 Nisan tarihlerinde 2 farklı (Carisma ve BA 440) tohum çeşidi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Tüm parsellerde A. gossypii, Empoasca spp, ve Bemisia tabaci’e karşı 5 kez ve H. armigera’ya karşı ise 2 kez olmak üzere toplam 7 farklı tarihte insektisit uygulanmıştır. H. armigera ergin popülasyon gelişmesi delta ve funnel tuzaklarla takip edilmiştir. Haftada bir kez tuzaklara yakalanan erginler sayılmış, her parselde 3 farklı yerde 3 metre bitki sırasında H. armigera yumurta ve larvaları ile Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)’nın yumurtaları kaydedilmiştir. İlk yılda Karaağaçlı’da 2, Selimşahlar’da 1, Yenimahmudiye’de 2, Mütevelli’de 10 ve Veziroğlu’nda 1 adet olmak üzere toplam 16 adet H. armigera ergini tuzaklara yakalanmıştır. Ergin popülasyon yoğunluğu düşük düzeyde kaldığı için bu veriler değerlendirilmemiştir. Çalışmanın devam ettiği 2019 yılında ise H. armigera’nın ergin uçuşu tüm parsellerde temmuz ayının ilk haftasından itibaren başlamış olup, ağustos ortasında ve eylül ayı sonunda olmak üzere 2 tepe noktası meydana gelmiştir. Ergin uçuşu hasat tarihine (19.10.2019) kadar devam etmiştir. Örnekleme süresince her iki tuzağa Karaağaçlı’da 101, Selimşahlar’da 83, Yenimahmudiye’de 55, Mütevelli’de 77 ve Veziroğlu’nda 118 adet olmak üzere tuzaklara toplam 434 H. armigera ergini yakalanmıştır. Parsel başına en fazla H. armigera ergin BA 440 pamuk tohumu kullanılarak ekilen Karaağaçlı ve Veziroğlu parsellerinde elde edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan tüm parsellerde funnel tuzaklara yakalanan H. armigera ergin sayıları delta tuzaklara göre yüksek çıkmıştır. Örnekleme parsellerinde gerek emici böceklere karşı ve gerekse H. armigera (2 kez) karşı insektisit kullanılmasına rağmen, her parselde 3 m bitki sırasında, diğer genel predatör türlere göre, yüksek sayıda C. carnea yumurtası sayılmıştır. Parsellerde kaydedilen H. armigera’nın yumurta ve larva popülasyon gelişmesiyle C. carnea yumurta sayısı arasında bir paralellik olduğu görülmüştür.
PENGARUH WAKTU PENCAMPURAN TERHADAP KUALITAS RUBBER FKM COMPOUND F515 DI MESIN KNEADER 20L
Authors: - Paridawati , Saputra Deni Priatna , Ekawati Fatimah Dian
Published: September 2020

Rubber FKM Compound F515 merupakan type rubber yang terbaik dalam ketahanan terhadap panas (heat resistance) dan ketahanan terhadap minyak (oil resistance). tetapi rubbber sensitif terhadap temperatur pada prosesnya serta mahal dalam biaya pembuatannya. Pada penelitian ini akan melakukan teknik pengujian serta menguji karakteristik sifat rubber FKM dari tingkat kelenturan sampai tingkat kematangan compound dengan merubah waktu pencampuran. Pada waktu pencampuran 7 menit dengan temperatur 123ºC, compound tidak mengalami scorching dengan nilai modulus 4,94 N/mm², tensile strengh 18,97 N/mm², elongation at break 309,34%, moment low 6,48 (kgf/cm) dan moment high 47,14 (kgf/cm).
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI KECEPATAN PUTARAN BLOWER TERHADAP KINERJA KOLEKTOR PANAS TENAGA SURYA PELAT TEMBAGA DENGAN SEKAT VERTIKAL
Authors: Rahmanto Raden Hengki , . Firmansyah , Majanasastra Raden Bagus Suryasa
Published: September 2020

The availability of energy resources in the world increasingly diminish. More scientist is questing other renewable resources. The solar air heater is a tool that used energy by absorbing solar radiation then convert into heat energy.

The study tried to have some variations to the speed of the air flow rate with spin 2500 rpm, 3000 rpm and 3500 rpm and give vertical partitions to it.The aim of giving vertical partitions is to know the influence to the heat transfer rate and the efficiency value of it.

The result of this study is the speed variations of the blower take effect to the heat transfer rate. This is shown from the study data for 5 days, the average value of the heat of the system at 3500 rpm rotation is 341.6 Watts, 3000 rpm rotation value 305.7 Watt, and 2500 rpm rotation value 249.3 Watt. The average value of efficiency at 3500 rpm is 49.60%, 3000 rpm rotation is 43.22% and at 2500 rpm the value is 37.33%. The highest system heat is 535.79 Watt with the highest delta input and output temperature of 49.7 ℃. While the highest heat absorber is 1280.15 Watt with the highest light intensity, which is 140100 Lux. With a variety of rotation speeds blower and vertical partitions, this tool is capable of producing the highest efficiency of 67.95%, and the lowest is 24.85%.
PENGARUH ARUS DAN WAKTU TERHADAP LAPISAN ZINC PLATING PADA MATERIAL SGD400-D DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROSES ELEKTROPLATING
Authors: Setiawan Ari , Indrayani Novi Laura , Herawan Budi
Published: September 2020

This research was conducted to find the ideal current and time used during the plating process, because in every industry the most frequent problems are the thickness that coats the material and the corrosion rate of the material that causes the material to become damaged or no good. This study uses SGD400 carbon steel and zinc as a coating. The research was carried out on a tank containing various kinds of chemical liquids and using electric current as conductivity for the coating media. Analysis using layer thickness measurement using vernier caliper measuring instrument and weight loss method. The results obtained from searching the current and the ideal time using a current of 900 A and a time of 60 minutes is 0.015 mm or 15 μm thick and the SST test (Salt Spray Test) at 72 hours No White Rust and 168 Hours No Red Rust. And good coating results can be seen in microstructure testing using keyence microscope media
ANALISIS GERAK PEMAKANAN DAN JENIS MEDIA PENDINGIN TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN LOGAM HASIL PEMBUBUTAN PADA MATERIAL SUS304
Authors: Kurniawan Yogi , Herawan Budi , Indrayani Novi Laura
Published: September 2020

Surface roughness of a product plays an important role, especially for materials such as SUS 304 steel which is now widely used in a variety of industrial needs. Determination of the turning parameters or the appropriate type of cooling fluids are very important to obtain the desired surface roughness. The aim of the study was to determine the ideal value of feeding (f) and the ideal type of cooling fluids in the turning process of SUS 304 steel. The feedrate parameters used were 0.11 mm/rev, 0.15 mm/rev, and 0.19 mm/rev, whereas the types of cooling fluids used are Fumio Lube Fumicool 794 soluble oil and Suncut 16S lubricant oil. Surface roughness results are obtained through testing using a surface roughness measuring instrument. From the predetermined parameters were obtained the smallest roughness value on the feedrate was 0.11 mm/rev using Suncut 16S lubricant oil with a result of 0.770 µm, while the largest roughness value on the feedrate was 0.19 mm/rev using Fumio Lube Fumicool 794 soluble oil with a result of 3.942µm.
PENGARUH VARIASI TEMPERATUR HARDENING TERHADAP MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PADA BAJA S45C UNTUK KOMPONEN GRIPER
Authors: Windarto Wahyu , Mahfud Muhamad Irham , Wibowo Supriyanto
Published: September 2020

Baja S45C  merupakan jenis baja “Medium Carbon Steel” (0.3-0.5% C). Dalam bidang percetakan, beberapa komponen terbuat dari baja S45C misalnya griper, griper merupakan suatu komponen utama yang digunakan untuk menjepit dan memindahkan kertas pada saat proses cetak, gesekan yang di timbulkan oleh griper akan berdampak terhadap keausan dan perubahan bentuk dari griper dan juga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hasil cetak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengujian terhadap pengaruh variasi temperatur hardening terhadap mechanical propesties pada baja S45C dengan 3 macam pengujian meliputi pengujian kekerasan, pengujian tarik dan pengujian struktur mikro. Dengan variasi suhu hardening 820 °C, 840 °C, 860 °C ditahan dalam waktu 50 menit kemudian di quenching  dengan media pendingin berupa oli,kemudian di tempering dengan dengan suhu 500°C  ditahan selama 40 menit kemudian di dinginkan dengan suhu ruang. Hasil pengujian yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : Hasil pengujian kekerasan, kekerasan yang paling tinggi di peroleh pada spesimen 4 dengan kode spesimen 860°C/500°C nilai kekerasan sebesar 233.31 HB. Hasil pengujian tarik, kuat tarik yang paling tinggi ada pada spesimen 6 dengan kode 860°C/500°C (A) kuat tarik sebesar 86 kg/mm² jenis patahan yang terjadi adalah patah ulet. Hasil pengujian struktur mikro, tidak terlihat perbedaan yang signifikan antar spesimen karena selisih suhu hardening antar spesimen tidak begitu jauh, fasa yang terlihat pada pengujian struktur mikro di dominasi oleh fasa pearlite dan ferit. Hasil dari pengujian ini, baja S45C yang terbaik untuk komponen griper adalah baja S45C yang telah melalui proses hardening dengan suhu 860°C ditahan selama 50 menit lalu di quenching dengan media pendingin oli kemudian di tempering dengan suhu 500°C ditahan selama 40 menit kemudian di dinginkan dengan suhu ruang. Hasil pengujian kekerasan yang diperoleh paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 233,31 HB dan hasil uji tarik mendapatkan nilai yang cukup tinggi yaitu kekuatan tarik sebesar 86 kg/mm², batas luluh sebesar 57 kg/mm², regangan sebesar 20,52 %, Jenis patahan yang terjadi adalah patah ulet.
MODIFIKASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN MESIN BUBUT SEBAGAI MESIN PENGUJI INJECTION PUMP MOTOR DIESEL PADA KENDARAAN RINGAN
Authors: Surahto Aep , Karmiadji Djoko W
Published: September 2020

Mesin bubut dapat dirubah kemampuan fungsinya untuk mesin penguji injection pump motor diesel.Merubah kemampuan fungsinya menjadi mesin penguji injection pump motor diesel tersebut dilakukandengan menambahkan alat berupa dudukan injection pump dan sistem bahan bakar motor diesel. Alattambahan yang dibuat terdiri atas dua bagian utama yaitu dudukan injection pump yang mempunyai fungsisebagai dudukan injection pump sehingga poros injection pump segaris dengan pencekam benda kerja danalat tambahan yang kedua yaitu dudukan sistem bahan bakar, khususnya nozel dan gelas ukur sebagaipenampung dan pengukur hasil penyemprotan nozel. Proses pengujian injection pump dilakukan denganmemberikan variasi putaran pada poros injection pump sehingga dapat terbaca volume penyemprotannozel akibat putaran poros injection pump. Modifikasi mesin bubut ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan olehbengkel servis motor diesel yaitu bengkel kecil yang tidak memiliki mesin penguji injection pump danperguruan tinggi khususnya jurusan teknik mesin dan sekolah menengah kejuruan khususnya teknikkendaraan ringan dan alat berat.
ANALISIS KETINGGIAN TOOL PUNCH RIVET TERHADAP HASIL RIVET ING CONTACT PADA SWITCH LAMPU REM MOTOR TIPE C8EA
Authors: - Cuncun , - Paridawati , - Taufiqullah
Published: September 2020

The product of CBEA Terminal B / B2 Assy is one of the C8EA type Switch components used for brake light switches on two-wheeled vehicles. In the manufacturing process often experience Contact Crack. Contact Crack problems occur in the rivet ing process. This study aims to reduce / eliminate the contact Crack problem, the method used is to conduct research on variations in the height of the punch in the rivet ing process. The initial height of the punch before the research is 49.10 mm, in this study the height of the punch to be examined is 48.60 mm, 48.70 mm, 48.80 mm, 48.90 mm and 49.00 mm. The results obtained for the most appropriate punch height are the height of 48.60 mm with the contact Crack ratio of 3/20, the size of the Crack & contact size entered into the standard, the flexural strength is still standard and the average hardness produced is 92.52 HV which is included in the maximum standard.
Characteristics of Reservoir Properties and Formation Heterogeneity of the Yu2-3 of the Zapadno-Tugrovskoye Oil Field
Authors: Bulatov V. , Igenbaeva N. , Biryukova O. , Nanishvili O.
Published: September 2020

The paper analyzes geological and geophysical materials in order to study reservoir properties and formation heterogeneity of the Yu2-3 of the Tyumen formation based on the materials of geophysical studies of wells drilled at the Zapadno-Tugrovskoye field. The information analysis of morphological complexity and heterogeneity of the structure of the productive layer Yu2-3, which have a negative impact on the nature and process of development of hydrocarbon reserves within individual areas of the Deposit, is presented.
Optimum Seeding Density of Spring Wheat Varieties in Karakalpakstan Conditions
Authors: Bekbanov B. , Nagymetov O.
Published: September 2020

The issue of optimal seeding rates of spring wheat varieties in extreme conditions of Karakalpakstan is considered. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 with 3 varieties of spring wheat with different agroecotypes: Saratovskaya-29, Semurg and Zhanub gavhari. Sowing was carried out with 10 row plots with a row spacing of 15 cm. The plot length was 10 m, width — 1.5 m. The plant nutrition area was changed by thickening them in the plot. As a result of the work, it was revealed that in the soil and climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan, the most optimal ratios between biomass and grain weight in plants are manifested in crops with a plant density of 450–500 plants per 1 m2, which corresponds to seeding rates of 180–200 kg/ha.
Main Measures to Increase the Use of Water-saving Technologies in Agriculture
Authors: Farmanov T. , Yusupova F.
Published: September 2020

The development of agriculture depends primarily on the availability of water resources. The current critical situation in the field of water on earth, which is already called Blue Gold, requires rational use of water resources, improvement of the agricultural system, which ensures a reduction in water use, and the introduction of modern water-saving technologies. Objective: To develop scientifically based proposals and practical recommendations to encourage the use of water-saving technologies in agriculture. Results: The proposed legal, organizational and economic measures will contribute to the further development of water-saving technologies in agriculture.
Standardization of spirometry: what’s new in 2019 update (Part 2)
Authors: Kiryukhina L. D. , Struchkov P. V.
Published: September 2020

Improvements in equipment, new research studies and enhanced quality assurance approaches have led to the need to update the 2005 technical standards for spirometry. The article presents the main updates, developed by an international joint task force by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society in 2019. The characteristics of acceptability, usability, and repeatability, criteria grading the quality of the test session, the choice of main reported values are described.
Echocardiographic types of the heart’s hemotamponade
Authors: Safronov S. N. , Korshunov D. I. , Nosenko N. S.
Published: September 2020

The most rapid and complex ultrasound diagnosis is acute hemotamponade. The method of clinical management of the patient depends on the correct diagnosis: dynamic observation, pericardiocentesis or cardiac surgery.
Lugares inestables. Neoesclavismo en el siglo XXI en los campos freseros onubenses en España
Authors: Romero Villadóniga Juan Carlos
Published: September 2020

In a globalized world, the pursuit of a better future means that large numbers of people seek refuge in the most prosperous areas. Their need to reach the promised land takes them to the frontier between the legal and the illegal, which is more visible in contexts where temporary labor is needed. That is particularly the case of the strawberry growing fields in the province of Huelva, Spain, where temporary settlements are overcrowded with immigrants during the harvesting season. This article describes the systemic and symbolic violence that takes place in these contexts.
DUA BELAS TEKNIK IKAT KONSTRUKSI KAYU PADA RUMAH VERNAKULAR TOLAKI
Authors: Wijaya Putra , Umar Muhammad Zakaria , Arsyad Muhammad
Published: September 2020

The technique of binding wood construction in Tolaki vernacular houses tends to fade due to esotericism. This research is important as follows: (1) to uncover and preserve Tolaki's architectural identity in the form of wood-binding techniques; (2) to enrich the Southeast Sulawesi architecture literature in particular and Indonesian architecture in general. This research is intended to formulate the wood construction binding technique in Tolaki vernacular house.  This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. Data sources consist of primary data and secondary data.  This research uses triangulation data collection techniques. The method of data analysis is carried out by means of information organized, information and codefication studied, cases and contexts described, findings interpreted, and findings presented narratively. The study concluded that the construction of wood in the Tolaki vernacular house consisted of 12 (twelve) connective techniques as follows: first, peusu temomo, peusu kinalase, peusu pinewa’a, peusu pinepuhe, peusu niranggia, and peusu tundo ndowaea are included in the category of cross ties; second, peusu kinalili and  peusu pinekalo are included in the category of dead cross ties; third, peusu pinepuhu, peusu sinemba, peusu mbekale, and peusu sinemba aso hara are included in the category of mobile cross ties.
PEMPROFILAN PELAKU TERORIS ANAK
Authors: Saraswati Saraswati , Resyanta Elsafira Maghfiroti
Published: September 2020

The background of this study is to examine the profile of child terrorist and the motivation behind the crime of terrorism in children by using child development theory and sosial ecology theory. This research is a qualitative study using a phenomenology approach. The phenomenology approach aims to describe the meaning of the life experience of a terrorist child so that the level of belief or paradigm of the terrorist child changes, so to learn and understand it must be based on the point of view of a terrorist child as a subject who directly experiences the incident. The subject of this research is a child who commits a terrorist crime. Data collection techniques by conducting deep interviews, observation and documentation study. This research was conducted at the Juvenile Penitentiary Class I Tangerang (LPKA). The results of this study indicate that the profile picture of a child terrorist can be assessed based on the child's speaking style, behavior, motivation, beliefs, and experiences in the past. The main factor for a child committing a terrorist crime comes from the lack of figures and supervision from parents in their teens so that children look for other figures to be used as examples.
Wildlife Ungulate Rescue and Emergency Services in the Pisa Area (Tuscany, Italy): Evaluation of a 9-Years Period (2010–2018)
Authors: Pacini Maria Irene , Bonelli Francesca , Briganti Angela , Citi Simonetta , Perrucci Stefania , Papini Roberto Amerigo , Sgorbini Micaela
Published: September 2020

Background: We analyzed the clinical data of wildlife ungulates admitted for emergency care to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa over a 9-years period.

Methods: Clinical data of all the wildlife ungulates admitted to the VTH were recorded. Blood samples were also taken from the animals for hematological and biochemical analysis. An assessment of ecto- and endoparasites was carried out, diagnostic imaging assessment was performed, and the outcomes were recorded.

Results: Data concerning clinical parameters, blood work, parasitological analysis, and diagnostic imaging diagnosis were expressed as prevalence.

Conclusion: The rescue and emergency treatments were related mostly to traumas caused by car accidents, followed by other causes. The traumatic injuries were mostly severe, characterized by multiple lesions involving hard and soft tissues. In this study, traffic accidents were the main cause of wildlife rescue and emergency management. This is probably due to the increased population of ungulates over the years, along with the considerable anthropization of the Pisa area.
The Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments on Wheat Root Depth and Length Density Distribution in a Long-Term Experiment
Authors: Svoboda Pavel , Kurešová Gabriela , Raimanová Ivana , Kunzová Eva , Haberle Jan
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sixty years of contrasting fertilization treatments on the roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at sites with different soil and climate conditions. The depth and length density distribution of the wheat roots were determined between 2014 and 2016 in a crop rotation experiment established in 1955 at three sites: Lukavec, Čáslav, and Ivanovice (Czech Republic). Three fertilization treatments were examined: Zero fertilization (N0), organic (ORG) fertilization, and mineral (MIN) fertilization. The fertilization, site, and year all had a significant effect on the total root length (TRL). The average TRL per square meter reached 30.2, 37.0, and 46.1 km with the N0, ORG, and MIN treatments at Lukavec, respectively, which was the site with the lightest soil and the coldest climate. At Čáslav and Ivanovice (warmer sites with silt and loamy soils), the average TRL per square meter reached 41.2, 42.4, and 47.7 km at Čáslav and 49.2, 55.3, and 62.9 km at Ivanovice with the N0, MIN, and ORG treatments, respectively. The effect of fertilization on the effective root depth (EfRD), the depth at which the root length density dropped below 2.0 cm cm−3, was significant, while the maximum root depth (RMD) was only marginally affected. With the sites and years averaged, the MIN-treated plants showed a greater EfRD (102.2 cm) in comparison to the N0 (81.8 cm) and ORG (93.5 cm) treatments. The N0 treatment showed no signs of an adaptive reaction to the root system, with potential improvement for nutrient acquisition, while optimal fertilization contributed to the potential for resource depletion from the soil profile.
Decline in Distribution and Abundance: Urban Hedgehogs under Pressure
Authors: Taucher Anouk , Gloor Sandra , Dietrich Adrian , Geiger Madeleine , Hegglin Daniel , Bontadina Fabio
Published: September 2020

Increasing urbanization and densification are two of the largest global threats to biodiversity. However, certain species thrive in urban spaces. Hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus have been found in higher densities in green areas of settlements as compared to rural spaces. With recent studies pointing to dramatically declining hedgehog numbers in rural areas, we pose the question: how do hedgehogs fare in urban spaces, and do these spaces act as refuges? In this study, recent (2016–2018) and past (1992) hedgehog abundance and distribution were compared across the city of Zurich, Switzerland using citizen science methods, including: footprint tunnels, capture-mark recapture, and incidental sightings. Our analyses revealed consistent negative trends: Overall hedgehog distribution decreased by 17.6% ± 4.7%, whereas abundance declined by 40.6% (mean abundance 32 vs. 19 hedgehogs/km2, in past and recent time, respectively), with one study plot even showing a 91% decline in this period (78 vs. 7 hedgehogs/km2, respectively). We discuss possible causes of this rapid decline: increased urban densification, reduction of insect biomass, and pesticide use, as well as the role of increasing populations of badgers (a hedgehog predator) and parasites or diseases. Our results suggest that hedgehogs are now under increasing pressure not only in rural but also in urban areas, their former refuges.
Sources, Bioavailability, and Safety of Silicon Derived from Foods and Other Sources Added for Nutritional Purposes in Food Supplements and Functional Foods
Authors: Sadowska Anna , Świderski Franciszek
Published: September 2020

Silicon is a microelement that performs a number of important functions in the human body, being involved in the formation and maintenance of normal osteocartilaginous connective tissue, such as skin, hair, and nails, and having beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Natural sources of silicon include fruits, vegetables, cereals, and mineral water. European and North American diets are generally low in silicon, which correlates with a diet high in processed foods. Dietary silicon deficiency can be overcome by the consumption of high bioavailability silicon-rich foods and the use of silicon supplements. A good form of supplementation is orthosilicic acid (OSA), usually stabilized by the introduction of a methyl group, choline, or vanillin. OSA is naturally found in diatomaceous earth in the form of amorphous silica and extracts from silicon-rich plants, e.g., horsetail (Eguiseti herba L.) and nettles (Urtica dioica L.). This article presents the characteristics of the various sources of silicon and their bioavailability and safety of use, with particular reference to the sources used in functional foods and dietary supplements. There is a great need to produce functional foods containing dietary silicon, together with other scarce mineral components.
Lung Field Segmentation in Chest X-rays: A Deformation-Tolerant Procedure Based on the Approximation of Rib Cage Seed Points
Authors: Bosdelekidis Vasileios , Ioakeimidis Nikolaos S.
Published: September 2020

The delineation of bone structures is a crucial step in Chest X-ray image analysis. In the case of lung field segmentation, the main approach after the localization of bone structures is either their individual analysis or their suppression. We prove that a very fast and approximate identification of bone points that are most probably located inside the lung area can help in the segmentation of the lung fields, without the need for bone structure suppression. We introduce a deformation-tolerant region growing procedure. In a two-step approach, a sparse representation of the rib cage is guided to several support points on the lung border. We studied and dealt with the presence of other bone structures that interfere with the lung field. Our method demonstrated very robust behavior even with highly deformed lung appearances, and it achieved state-of-the-art performance in segmentations for the vast majority of evaluated CXR images. Our region growing approach based on the automatically detected rib cage points achieved an average Dice similarity score of 0.92 on the Montgomery County Chest X-ray dataset. We are confident that bone seed points can robustly mark a high-quality lung area while remaining unaffected by different lung shapes and abnormal structures.
Stearic Acid, Beeswax and Carnauba Wax as Green Raw Materials for the Loading of Carvacrol into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
Authors: Galvão Juliana G. , Santos Raquel L. , Lira Ana Amélia M. , Kaminski Renata , Sarmento Victor H. , Severino Patricia , Dolabella Silvio S. , Scher Ricardo , Souto Eliana B. , Nunes Rogéria S.
Published: September 2020

The use of lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery systems has been growing over recent decades. Their biodegradable and biocompatible profile, capacity to prevent chemical degradation of loaded drugs/actives and controlled release for several administration routes are some of their advantages. Lipid nanoparticles are of particular interest for the loading of lipophilic compounds, as happens with essential oils. Several interesting properties, e.g., anti-microbial, antitumoral and antioxidant activities, are attributed to carvacrol, a monoterpenoid phenol present in the composition of essential oils of several species, including Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Nigellasativa and Origanum majorana. As these essential oils have been proposed as the liquid lipid in the composition of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), we aimed at evaluating the influence of carvacrol on the crystallinity profile of solid lipids commonly in use in the production of NLCs. Different ratios of solid lipid (stearic acid, beeswax or carnauba wax) and carvacrol were prepared, which were then subjected to thermal treatment to mimic the production of NLCs. The obtained binary mixtures were then characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The increased concentration of monoterpenoid in the mixtures resulted in an increase in the mass loss recorded by TG, together with a shift of the melting point recorded by DSC to lower temperatures, and the decrease in the enthalpy in comparison to the bulk solid lipids. The miscibility of carvacrol with the melted solid lipids was also confirmed by DSC in the tested concentration range. The increase in carvacrol content in the mixtures resulted in a decrease in the crystallinity of the solid bulks, as shown by SAXS and PLM. The decrease in the crystallinity of lipid matrices is postulated as an advantage to increase the loading capacity of these carriers. Carvacrol may thus be further exploited as liquid lipid in the composition of green NLCs for a range of pharmaceutical applications.
Secure Key Agreement and Authentication Protocol for Message Confirmation in Vehicular Cloud Computing
Authors: Lee JoonYoung , Yu SungJin , Kim MyeongHyun , Park YoungHo , Lee SangWoo , Chung BoHeung
Published: September 2020

With the development of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and Internet of vehicles (IoVs), a large amount of useful information is generated for vehicle drivers and traffic management systems. The amount of vehicle and traffic information is as large as the number of vehicles and it is enormous when compared to vehicle calculation and storage performance. To resolve this problem, VANET uses a combined cloud computing technology, called vehicular cloud computing (VCC), which controls vehicle-related data, and helps vehicle drivers directly or indirectly. However, VANETs remain vulnerable to attacks such as tracking, masquerade and man-in-the-middle attacks because VANETs communicate via open networks. To overcome these issues, many researchers have proposed secure authentication protocols for message confirmation with vehicular cloud computing. However, many researchers have pointed out that some proposed protocols use ideal tamper-proof devices (TPDs). They demonstrated that realistic TPDs cannot prevent adversaries attack. Limbasiya et al. presented a message confirmation scheme for vehicular cloud computing using a realistic TPD in order to prevent these problems. However, their proposed scheme still has security weaknesses over a TPD and does not guarantee mutual authentication. This paper proposes a secure key agreement and authentication protocol to address the security weaknesses inherent in the protocol of Limbasiya et al. The suggested protocol withstands malicious attacks and ensures secure mutual authentication for privacy-preserving. We prove that the proposed protocol can provide session key security using Real-Or-Random (ROR) model. We also employed Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) simulation tool to show that the proposed protocol is able to defeat replay and man-in-the-middle attacks. Furthermore, we established that the proposed protocol can resist other malicious attacks by conducting the informal security analysis. We proved that our proposed protocol is lightweight and suitable for VCC environments.
Effect of Fly Ash as Cement Replacement on Chloride Diffusion, Chloride Binding Capacity, and Micro-Properties of Concrete in a Water Soaking Environment
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Jiaying , Huang Zhenyu , Zhu Jihua , Liu Wei , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2020

This paper experimentally studies the effects of fly ash on the diffusion, bonding, and micro-properties of chloride penetration in concrete in a water soaking environment based on the natural diffusion law. Different fly ash replacement ratio of cement in normal concrete was investigated. The effect of fly ash on chloride transportation, diffusion, coefficient, free chloride content, and binding chloride content were quantified, and the concrete porosity and microstructure were also reported through mercury intrusion perimetry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. It was concluded from the test results that fly ash particles and hydration products (filling and pozzolanic effects) led to the densification of microstructures in concrete. The addition of fly ash greatly reduced the deposition of chloride ions. The chloride ion diffusion coefficient considerably decreased with increasing fly ash replacement, and fly ash benefits the binding of chloride in concrete. Additionally, a new equation is proposed to predict chloride binding capacity based on the test results.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of NiZn Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Thermal Decomposition Method
Authors: Hwang JinAh , Choi Moonhee , Shin Hyo-Soon , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Chun MyoungPyo
Published: September 2020

Ni1−xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) nanoparticles were synthesized by a thermal decomposition method. The synthesized particles were identified as pure spinel ferrite structures by X-ray diffraction analysis, and they were calculated to be 46–51 nm in diameter by the Scherrer equation, depending on the composition. In the FE-SEM image, the ferrite nanoparticles have spherical shapes with slight agglomeration, and the particle size is about 50 nm, which was consistent with the value obtained by the Scherrer equation. The lattice parameter of the ferrite nanoparticles monotonically increased from 8.34 to 8.358 Å as the Zn concentration increased from 0.5 to 0.7. Initially, the saturation magnetization value slowly decreases from 81.44 to 83.97 emu/g, then quickly decreases to 71.84 emu/g as the zinc content increases from x = 0.5, through 0.6, to 0.7. Ni1−xZnxFe2O4 toroidal samples were prepared by sintering ferrite nanoparticles at 1250 °C and exhibited faceted grain morphologies in the FE-SEM images with their grain sizes being around 5 µm regardless of the Zinc content. The real magnetic permeability (μ′) of the toroidal samples measured at 5 MHz was monotonically increased from 106, through 150, to 217 with increasing the Zinc content from x = 0.5, through 0.6, to 0.7. The cutoff frequency of the ferrite toroidal samples was estimated to be about 20 MHz from the broad maximum point in the plot of imaginary magnetic permeability (μ″) vs. frequencies, which seemed to be associated with domain wall resonance.
Factors Associated with Increased Morbidity and Mortality of Obese and Overweight COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Magdy Beshbishy Amany , Hetta Helal F. , Hussein Diaa E. , Saati Abdullah A. , C. Uba Christian , Rivero-Perez Nallely , Zaragoza-Bastida Adrian , Shah Muhammad Ajmal , Behl Tapan , Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Published: September 2020

Overweight and obesity are defined as an unnecessary accumulation of fat, which poses a risk to health. It is a well-identified risk factor for increased mortality due to heightened rates of heart disease, certain cancers, musculoskeletal disorders, and bacterial, protozoan and viral infections. The increasing prevalence of obesity is of concern, as conventional pathogenesis may indeed be increased in obese hosts rather than healthy hosts, especially during this COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is a new disease and we do not have the luxury of cumulative data. Obesity activates the development of gene induced hypoxia and adipogenesis in obese animals. Several factors can influence obesity, for example, stress can increase the body weight by allowing people to consume high amounts of food with a higher propensity to consume palatable food. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of immune-mediated and some inflammatory-mediated diseases, including atherosclerosis and psoriasis, leading to a dampened immune response to infectious agents, leading to weaker post-infection impacts. Moreover, the obese host creates a special microenvironment for disease pathogenesis, marked by persistent low-grade inflammation. Therefore, it is advisable to sustain healthy eating habits by increasing the consumption of various plant-based and low-fat foods to protect our bodies and decrease the risk of infectious diseases, especially COVID-19.
An In Vitro Comparison of the Neurotrophic and Angiogenic Activity of Human and Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Translating MSC-Based Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Delfi Ibtesam R. T. Al , Wood Chelsea R. , Johnson Louis D. V. , Snow Martyn D. , Innes John F. , Myint Peter , Johnson William E. B.
Published: September 2020

The majority of research into the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplants on spinal cord injury (SCI) is performed in rodent models, which may help inform on mechanisms of action, but does not represent the scale and wound heterogeneity seen in human SCI. In contrast, SCI in dogs occurs naturally, is more akin to human SCI, and can be used to help address important aspects of the development of human MSC-based therapies. To enable translation to the clinic and comparison across species, we have examined the paracrine, regenerative capacity of human and canine adipose-derived MSCs in vitro. MSCs were initially phenotyped according to tissue culture plastic adherence, cluster of differentiation (CD) immunoprofiling and tri-lineage differentiation potential. Conditioned medium (CM) from MSC cultures was then assessed for its neurotrophic and angiogenic activity using established cell-based assays. MSC CM significantly increased neuronal cell proliferation, neurite outgrowth, and βIII tubulin immunopositivity. In addition, MSC CM significantly increased endothelial cell migration, cell proliferation and the formation of tubule-like structures in Matrigel assays. There were no marked or significant differences in the capacity of human or canine MSC CM to stimulate neuronal cell or endothelial cell activity. Hence, this study supports the use of MSC transplants for canine SCI; furthermore, it increases understanding of how this may subsequently provide useful information and translate to MSC transplants for human SCI.
Advances in Recombinant Lipases: Production, Engineering, Immobilization and Application in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Contesini Fabiano Jares , Davanço Marcelo Gomes , Borin Gustavo Pagotto , Vanegas Katherina Garcia , Cirino João Pedro Gonçalves , Melo Ricardo Rodrigues de , Mortensen Uffe Hasbro , Hildén Kristiina , Campos Daniel Rossi , Carvalho Patricia de Oliveira
Published: September 2020

Lipases are one of the most used enzymes in the pharmaceutical industry due to their efficiency in organic syntheses, mainly in the production of enantiopure drugs. From an industrial viewpoint, the selection of an efficient expression system and host for recombinant lipase production is highly important. The most used hosts are Escherichia coli and Komagataella phaffii (previously known as Pichia pastoris) and less often reported Bacillus and Aspergillus strains. The use of efficient expression systems to overproduce homologous or heterologous lipases often require the use of strong promoters and the co-expression of chaperones. Protein engineering techniques, including rational design and directed evolution, are the most reported strategies for improving lipase characteristics. Additionally, lipases can be immobilized in different supports that enable improved properties and enzyme reuse. Here, we review approaches for strain and protein engineering, immobilization and the application of lipases in the pharmaceutical industry.
The Preparation of Amorphous Aluminum Oxide Modified g-C3N4 to Improve Photocatalytic Performance in Contaminant Degradation Applications
Authors: Zheng Yining , Wang Congcong , Fu Wenjing , An Qi , Wei Cundi , Li Lina
Published: September 2020

For the first time, aluminum alloy was used as the main source to prepare aluminum oxide-modified carbon nitride with a melamine–cyanuric acid supramolecular complex. The introduction of amorphous aluminum oxide confers macroporosity to the skeletons of g-C3N4-AlOx. Its surface area increased to 75.5 m2g−1, about 1.5 times that of single g-C3N4. After modification, the visible light response range was expanded, especially at 450~500 nm, while the band structure could be adjusted. Compared with g-C3N4, g-C3N4-AlOx has better photocatalytic performance, the adsorption rate for the dye rhodamine B (RhB) is about 2.1 times that of g-C3N4, and the RhB removal rate is 1.2 times that of g-C3N4.
Uncertainty Quantification in Energy Management Procedures
Authors: Giaccone Luca , Lazzeroni Paolo , Repetto Maurizio
Published: September 2020

Complex energy systems are made up of a number of components interacting together via different energy vectors. The assessment of their performance under dynamic working conditions, where user demand and energy prices vary over time, requires a simulation tool. Regardless of the accuracy of this procedure, the uncertainty in data, obtained both by measurements or by forecasting, is usually non-negligible and requires the study of the sensitivity of results versus input data. In this work, polynomial chaos expansion technique is used to evaluate the variation of cogeneration plant performance with respect to the uncertainty of energy prices and user requests. The procedure allows to obtain this information with a much lower computational cost than that of usual Monte-Carlo approaches. Furthermore, all the tools used in this paper, which were developed in Python, are published as free and open source software.