bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free circulating mircoRNAs support the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies and neutropenia
Authors: Tolnai Emese , Fidler Gábor , Szász Róbert , Rejtő László , Nwozor Kingsley Okechukwu , Biró Sándor , Paholcsek Melinda
Published: October 2020

Fungal infections represent a worrisome complication in hematologic cancer patients and in the absence of disease specific symptoms, it is important to establish new biological indicators, which can be used during mould-active prophylaxis. Recently, miRNAs have appeared as candidate diagnostic and prognostic markers of several diseases. A pilot clinical study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of 14 microRNAs which can be related to invasive fungal infections. Based on our data miR-142-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-26b-5p and miR-21-5p showed significant overexpression (p < 0.005) due to invasive aspergillosis in hemato-oncology patients with profound neutropenia. A tetramiR assay was designed to monitor peripheral blood specimens. Optimal cut-off was estimated by using the median value (fold change 1.1) of the log10 transformed gene expressions. The biomarker panel was evaluated on two independent sample cohorts implementing different antimicrobial prophylactic strategies. The receiver operating characteristic analysis with area under the curve proved to be 0.97. Three miRNAs (miR-142-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-16-5p) showed significant expression alterations in episodes with sepsis. In summary, the tetramiR assay proved to be a promising diagnostic adjunct with sufficient accuracy and sensitivity to trace invasive aspergillosis in hemato-oncology patients.
Enhanced heavy metal removal from an aqueous environment using an eco-friendly and sustainable adsorbent
Authors: Zhang Wanqi , An Yuhong , Li Shujing , Liu Zhechen , Chen Zhangjing , Ren Yukun , Wang Sunguo , Zhang Xiaotao , Wang Ximing
Published: October 2020

Thiol-lignocellulose sodium bentonite (TLSB) nanocomposites can effectively remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. TLSB was formed by using –SH group-modified lignocellulose as a raw material, which was intercalated into the interlayers of hierarchical sodium bentonite. Characterization of TLSB was then performed with BET, FTIR, XRD, TGA, PZC, SEM, and TEM analyses. The results indicated that thiol-lignocellulose molecules may have different influences on the physicochemical properties of sodium bentonite, and an intercalated–exfoliated structure was successfully formed. The TLSB nanocomposite was subsequently investigated to validate its adsorption and desorption capacities for the zinc subgroup ions Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II). The optimum adsorption parameters were determined based on the TLSB nanocomposite dosage, concentration of zinc subgroup ions, solution pH, adsorption temperature and adsorption time. The results revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity onto TLSB was 357.29 mg/g for Zn(II), 458.32 mg/g for Cd(II) and 208.12 mg/g for Hg(II). The adsorption kinetics were explained by the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir model, implying that the dominant chemical adsorption mechanism on TLSB is monolayer coverage. Thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. Desorption and regeneration experiments revealed that TLSB could be desorbed with HCl to recover Zn(II) and Cd(II) and with HNO3 to recover Hg(II) after several consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. The adsorption mechanism was investigated through FTIR, EDX and SEM, which demonstrated that the introduction of thiol groups improved the adsorption capacity. All of these results suggested that TLSB is an eco-friendly and sustainable adsorbent for the extraction of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions in aqueous media.
Serious complications and risk of re-operation after Dupuytren’s disease surgery: a population-based cohort study of 121,488 patients in England
Authors: Alser Osaid , Craig Richard S. , Lane Jennifer C. E. , Prats-Uribe Albert , Robinson Danielle E. , Rees Jonathan L. , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Furniss Dominic
Published: October 2020

Dupuytren’s disease (DD) is a common fibro-proliferative disorder of the palm. We estimated the risk of serious local and systemic complications and re-operation after DD surgery. We queried England’s Hospital Episode Statistics database and included all adult DD patients who were surgically treated. A longitudinal cohort study and self-controlled case series were conducted. Between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2017, 121,488 adults underwent 158,119 operations for DD. The cumulative incidence of 90-day serious local complications was low at 1.2% (95% CI 1.1–1.2). However, the amputation rate for re-operation by limited fasciectomy following dermofasciectomy was 8%. 90-day systemic complications were also uncommon at 0.78% (95% CI 0.74–0.83), however operations routinely performed under general or regional anaesthesia carried an increased risk of serious systemic complications such as myocardial infarction. Re-operation was lower than previous reports (33.7% for percutaneous needle fasciotomy, 19.5% for limited fasciectomy, and 18.2% for dermofasciectomy). Overall, DD surgery performed in England was safe; however, re-operation by after dermofasciectomy carries a high risk of amputation. Furthermore, whilst serious systemic complications were unusual, the data suggest that high-risk patients should undergo treatment under local anaesthesia. These data will inform better shared decision-making regarding this common condition.
Plasma indoxyl sulfate levels predict cardiovascular events in patients with mild chronic heart failure
Authors: Imazu Miki , Fukuda Hiroki , Kanzaki Hideaki , Amaki Makoto , Hasegawa Takuya , Takahama Hiroyuki , Hitsumoto Tatsuro , Tsukamoto Osamu , Morita Toshisuke , Ito Shin , Kitakaze Masafumi
Published: October 2020

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is associated with either chronic kidney disease or renal failure, which may predict cardiovascular events via cardiorenal syndrome. The present study aimed to elucidate whether the plasma levels of IS can predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and investigate which causes of CHF leading to cardiovascular events are highly influenced by plasma IS levels. We measured the plasma IS levels in 165 patients with CHF [valvular disease: 78, dilated cardiomyopathy: 29, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): 25 and others: 33] admitted to our hospital in 2012, and we followed up these patients for more than 5 years (the median follow-up period: 5.3 years). We measured the plasma IS level in 165 patients with CHF, and Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that high plasma IS levels (≥ 0.79 µg/mL, the median value) could predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events, i.e., cardiovascular death or rehospitalization due to the worsening of CHF. The sub-analyses showed that the high IS level could predict cardiovascular events in patients with CHF due to HCM and that the plasma IS levels were closely associated with left ventricular (LV) dimension, LV systolic dysfunction, and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels, rather than LV diastolic dysfunction. Plasma IS level predicts cardiovascular events in patients with CHF, especially those with HCM along with cardiac dysfunction. Besides, IS may become a proper biomarker to predict cardiovascular events in patients with CHF.
Development of panorama resolution phantom for comprehensive evaluation of the horizontal and vertical resolution of panoramic radiography
Authors: Yeom Han-Gyeol , Kim Jo-Eun , Huh Kyung-Hoe , Yi Won-Jin , Heo Min-Suk , Lee Sam-Sun , Choi Soon-Chul , Lee Sang-Jeong
Published: October 2020

Panoramic radiography is the most commonly used equipment in the dental field, but there is no comprehensive standard about how to evaluate the spatial resolution of panoramic radiography. In this study, panorama resolution phantoms were developed for evaluation of horizontal and vertical resolution reflecting unique characteristics of panoramic radiography. Four horizontal resolution phantoms of staircase shape were designed to obtain images of horizontal lead line pairs in a 52 mm width. Four vertical resolution phantoms with vertical lead line pairs placed at an oblique angle were also designed. A phantom stand was made. Three machines were evaluated twice by two oromaxillofacial radiologists. The horizontal lead line pairs were readable over the entire measured area at the values of 1.88, 2.32, and 2.58 lp/mm for all machines. A readable area of horizontal 3.19 lp/mm was observed in the lingual side. In the vertical resolution phantoms, it was possible to read a narrower range. By using the panorama resolution phantoms and phantom stand, it was possible to evaluate the resolution of a wide buccolingual width in four significant areas. By evaluating the resolution of the vertical and horizontal compartments separately, it was possible to gain a better understanding of the obtained images.
Evaluating biochemical differences in thyroglobulin from normal and goiter tissues by infrared spectral imaging
Authors: Pereira Thiago Martini , Diem Max , Bachmann Luciano , Bird Benjamin , Miljković Milos , Zezell Denise Maria
Published: October 2020

Thyroglobulin is a glycoiodoprotein that is produced by thyroid follicular cells; it is stored in follicles in structures known as colloids.
Probing amyloid fibril secondary structures by infrared nanospectroscopy: experimental and theoretical considerations
Authors: Waeytens Jehan , Mathurin Jérémie , Deniset-Besseau Ariane , Arluison Véronique , Bousset Luc , Rezaei Human , Raussens Vincent , Dazzi Alexandre
Published: October 2020

AFM-IR is a technique that is able to characterize amyloids, but the presence of potential artefacts is discussed to improve structure determination.
Development of an unmodified screen-printed graphene electrode for nonenzymatic histamine detection
Authors: Nakthong Prangthip , Kondo Takeshi , Chailapakul Orawon , Siangproh Weena
Published: October 2020

We present a new nonenzymatic electrochemical assay for direct detection of histamine using unmodified screen-printed graphene electrodes (SPGEs).
Solvent-driven, self-assembled acid-responsive poly(ketalized serine)/siRNA complexes for RNA interference
Authors: Wong Shirley , Kemp Jessica A. , Shim Min Suk , Kwon Young Jik
Published: October 2020

Self-assembled, biocompatible poly(kSer)/siRNA complexes demonstrate efficient nucleic acid encapsulation, internalization, endosomal escape, and acid-triggered cargo release, tackling multiple hurdles in siRNA delivery.
Titanium methyl tamed on silica: synthesis of a well-defined pre-catalyst for hydrogenolysis of n-alkane
Authors: Saidi Aya , Al Maksoud Walid , Samantaray Manoja K. , Abou-Hamad Edy , Basset Jean-Marie
Published: October 2020

Alkylation of Ti(CH3)2Cl21 by MeLi gives the homoleptic Ti(CH3)42 for the first time in the absence of any coordinating solvent.
Oxygen-atom vacancy formation and reactivity in polyoxovanadate clusters
Authors: Petel Brittney E. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: October 2020

Overview of recent work detailing oxygen-deficient polyoxovanadate clusters as models for reducible metal oxides: toward gaining a fundamental understanding the consequences of vacancy formation on metal oxide surfaces during catalysis.
Theoretical investigation of protonated thiophene and two of its nitrile substituted derivatives (2-cyanothiophene and 3-cyanothiophene)
Authors: Simbizi René , Gahungu Godefroid , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: October 2020

Theoretical and experimental spectroscopic data for protonated cyano-thiophenes (R–CNH+ with R = C4H3S), which are needed for their interstellar search and/or detection, are still lacking in the literature.
Role of heat treatment on the structural and luminescence properties of Yb3+/Ln3+ (Ln = Tm, Ho and Er) co-doped LaF3 nanoparticles
Authors: Poma Patricia Y. , Sales Tasso O. , Kumar Kagola U. , Jacinto Carlos
Published: October 2020

Hexagonal LaF3:Yb3+/Ln3+ and tetragonal LaOF:Yb3+/Ln3+ have been successfully prepared via a two-step reaction, which includes a facile aqueous ligand free solution method and the following heat treatment of the as-prepared LaF3 precursor.
Experimental and theoretical studies of the N(2D) + H2and D2reactions
Authors: Nuñez-Reyes Dianailys , Bray Cédric , Hickson Kevin M. , Larrégaray Pascal , Bonnet Laurent , González-Lezana Tomás
Published: October 2020

This study reports the first kinetic measurements of the N(2D) + H2, D2reactions below 200 K.
Non oxidative and oxidative dehydrogenation of n-octane using FePO4: effect of different FePO4 phases on the product selectivity
Authors: Dasireddy Venkata D. B. C. , Khan Faiza B. , Bharuth-Ram K. , Singh Sooboo , Friedrich Holger B.
Published: October 2020

The activation of n-octane with O2 has been investigated over different phases of FePO4 which were formed under dehydrogenation and oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) conditions.
Effective control of the carbon release of starch/polyvinyl alcohol based on a polyamide coating in solid-phase denitrification
Authors: Ding Wande , Liu Huan , Zhang Kefeng , Lv Dongxiao , Wang Shan
Published: October 2020

Inspired by the controlled release technique of microcapsules, a novel carbon source using starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the active material and a polyamide layer (PAL) as the shell coating on the surface of the carbon source was prepared and used for denitrification.
Eugenol and capsaicin exhibit anti-metastatic activity via modulating TGF-β signaling in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Sarkar Arnab , Das Subrata , Rahaman Ashikur , Das Talukdar Anupam , Bhattacharjee Shamee , Mandal Deba Prasad
Published: October 2020

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is considered to be a key player in gastric cancer metastasis, and the inhibition of the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway may be a novel strategy for therapeutic interventions in cancer.
Synergistic potential of nutraceuticals: mechanisms and prospects for futuristic medicine
Authors: Leena M. Maria , Silvia M. Gnana , Vinitha K. , Moses J. A. , Anandharamakrishnan C.
Published: October 2020

Synergistic potential of nutraceuticals in chronic disease management.
Photocarboxylation with CO2: an appealing and sustainable strategy for CO2 fixation
Authors: He Xing , Qiu Li-Qi , Wang Wei-Jia , Chen Kai-Hong , He Liang-Nian
Published: October 2020

This review discusses recent advances in the photocatalytic carboxylation of C(sp3)–X (X = H, N) bonds, C(sp2)–X (X = H, N, (pseudo)halide) bonds and C(sp)–H bonds with CO2.
Therapeutic nanodendrites: current applications and prospects
Authors: Oladipo Adewale O. , Nkambule Thabo T. I. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Msagati Titus A. M.
Published: October 2020

This minireview highlights recent advances in the synthesis and applications of metallic nanodendrites for bio-imaging, drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and radiotherapy.
Metal Organic Framework steered electrosynthesis of anisotropic gold nanorods for specific sensing of organophosphate pesticides in vegetables collected from the field
Authors: Chansi  , R. Pragadeeshwara Rao , Mukherjee Irani , Basu Tinku , Bharadwaj Lalit M.
Published: October 2020

MOF-5 directed rapid electrodeposition of anisotropic gold nanostructures for the rapid sensing of organophosphate pesticides in vegetable extracts is demonstrated.
An improvement in the coloration properties of Ag deposition-based plasmonic EC devices by precise control of shape and density of deposited Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Kimura Shunsuke , Sugita Tomoko , Nakamura Kazuki , Kobayashi Norihisa
Published: October 2020

Ag deposition-based EC device represents various colors by localized surface plasmon resonance. Four vivid chromatic colors of magenta, cyan, yellow, and green color was represented by precise control of electrodeposition proces of Ag nanoparticles.
Air stable and efficient rare earth Eu(ii) hydro-tris(pyrazolyl)borate complexes with tunable emission colors
Authors: Qi Hao , Zhao Zifeng , Zhan Ge , Sun Boxun , Yan Wenchao , Wang Chengbo , Wang Liding , Liu Zhiwei , Bian Zuqiang , Huang Chunhui
Published: October 2020

Eu(ii) complexes with high air stability and tunable emission colors were synthesized and characterized.
An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of cTnI based on aptamer recognition and signal amplification assisted by TdT
Authors: Lang Mingjian , Luo Dan , Yang Guangyi , Mei Quanxi , Feng Guangjun , Yang Yang , Liu Zhaohui , Chen Qinhua , Wu Lun
Published: October 2020

We have developed an ultrasensitive and highly specific electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a recognized biomarker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
Catalytic/magnetic assemblies of rolled-up tubular nanomembrane-based micromotors
Authors: Naeem Sumayyah , Mujtaba Jawayria , Naeem Farah , Xu Kailiang , Huang Gaoshan , Solovev Alexander A. , Zhang Jing , Mei Yongfeng
Published: October 2020

Ti/FeNi/Pt tubular micromotors self-assemble into static and dynamic clusters during catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and using an external rotational magnetic field.
Reversible addition of ethylene to a pincer-based boryl-iridium unit with the formation of a bridging ethylidene
Authors: Cao Yihan , Shih Wei-Chun , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Ozerov Oleg V.
Published: October 2020

(PBP)Ir pincer complexes containing a boryl-iridium linkage reversibly bind ethylene as an ethylidene bridging B and Ir.
Molecular recognition mechanisms directing the self-assembly of biological structures
Authors: Ciferri Alberto
Published: October 2020

Self-assembling may be defined as the spontaneous association of material units into structures that are often capable of cyclic reorganization and functional behavior.
l-Cysteine/AgNO2low molecular weight gelators: self-assembly and suppression of MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Vishnevetskii Dmitry V. , Mekhtiev Arif R. , Perevozova Tatyana V. , Averkin Dmitry V. , Ivanova Alexandra I. , Khizhnyak Svetlana D. , Pakhomov Pavel M.
Published: October 2020

We present a method for the preparation of a new hydrogel based on low molecular weight gelators that exhibits selective toxicity towards MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
Coordinately unsaturated metal–organic framework as an unpyrolyzed bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Xiudu , Yin Fengxiang , Chu Wenyu , Chen Biaohua
Published: October 2020

A coordinately unsaturated MOF for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis with a potential gap ΔE(OERj=10–ORR1/2) as small as 0.79 V.
Regulating molecular orientations of dipyran-based nonfullerene acceptors through side-chain engineering at the π-bridge
Authors: Li Miao , Zhou Yuanyuan , Yang Lisi , Shen Shuaishuai , Liu Yahui , Chen Yanan , Song Jinsheng , Bo Zhishan
Published: October 2020

Appropriate side chain engineering at the π-bridge is an effective strategy to regulate molecular orientations and the morphology of blend films for the dipyran based nonfullerene acceptors.
Tailoring non-fullerene acceptors using selenium-incorporated heterocycles for organic solar cells with over 16% efficiency
Authors: Yu Han , Qi Zhenyu , Zhang Jianquan , Wang Zhen , Sun Rui , Chang Yuan , Sun Huiliang , Zhou Wentao , Min Jie , Ade Harald , Yan He
Published: October 2020

The selenium substitution strategy was applied to develop two new A′-DAD-A′-type small molecular acceptors. The resulting selenium-incorporated molecules exhibit red-shifted absorption and an enhanced photon response, leading to high device efficiencies of over 16%.
Phase stability and fast ion transport in P2-type layered Na2X2TeO6(X = Mg, Zn) solid electrolytes for sodium batteries
Authors: Huang He , Yang Yuewang , Chi Cheng , Wu Hong-Hui , Huang Baoling
Published: October 2020

Correlation with the “switch on/off” vibrational phonon modes of metal oxide octahedra facilitates in-plane fast Na-ion transport in both Na2Mg2TeO6and Na2Zn2TeO6.
Silicon-nanoforest-based solvent-free micro-supercapacitors with ultrahigh spatial resolutionviaIC-compatiblein situfabrication for on-chip energy storage
Authors: Chi Cheng , Li Dezhao , Li Yang , Qi Xin , Huang He , Wang Qi , Lin Chongjia , Zhang Xing , Ma Weigang , Huang Baoling
Published: October 2020

Through an IC-compatiblein situapproach, 3D silicon/nickel nanoforest based on-chip MSCs achieved ultrahigh spatial resolution and excellent electrochemical performance.
Superhydrophobic, multi-responsive and flexible bottlebrush-network-based form-stable phase change materials for thermal energy storage and sprayable coatings
Authors: Ma Jiahao , Ma Tian , Duan Wenpeng , Wang Weihan , Cheng Jue , Zhang Junying
Published: October 2020

Sprayable form-stable phase change materials show excellent latent heat, photonic/thermal/electrical responses, superhydrophobicity, shape variation ability, thermal recycling properties and stability.
What happens structurally and chemically during sodium uptake and release by Ni2P2S6: a combined X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, pair distribution function and MAS NMR analysis
Authors: van Dinter Jonas , Synnatschke Kevin , Engesser Tobias A. , Indris Sylvio , Wolff Niklas , Gronenberg Ole , Etter Martin , Cibin Giannantonio , Kienle Lorenz , Backes Claudia , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

The layered compound Ni2P2S6 was electrochemically characterized for application as an anode material in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and the corresponding reaction mechanism was investigated via a multi-method approach.
Madecassoside protects retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Authors: Zhou Jinzi , Chen Fenghua , Yan Aimin , Xia Xiaobo
Published: October 2020

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive and degenerative ocular disease associated with oxidative stress. Madecassoside (MADE) is a major bioactive triterpenoid saponin that possesses antioxidative activity. However, the role of MADE in AMD has never been investigated. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of MADE on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells under oxidative stress condition. We used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative damage in human RPE cells (ARPE-19 cells). Our results showed that H2O2-caused significant decrease in cell viability and increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were dose-dependently attenuated by MADE. MADE treatment also attenuated H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in RPE cells. The reduced glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cells were elevated after MADE treatment. MADE also suppressed caspase-3 activity and bax expression, as well as increased bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, H2O2-induced increase in expression levels of HO-1 and nuclear Nrf2 were enhanced by MADE treatment. Finally, knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the protective effects of MADE on H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that MADE protected ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by inducing the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Tim-3 promotes tube formation and decreases tight junction formation in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Cong Yizi , Wang Xingmiao , Wang Suxia , Qiao Guangdong , Li Yalun , Cao Jianqiao , Jiang Wenguo , Cui Yuxin
Published: October 2020

As a negative immune checkpoint molecule, T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) has been found to serve a crucial role in immune escape and tumour progression. Previous studies have reported that Tim-3 is important to endothelial cells and it has also been demonstrated to be involved in numerous types of human diseases, including melanoma, lymphoma, rickettsial infection and atherosclerosis; however, its exact mechanism of action remains largely unknown. In the present study, Tim-3 was overexpressed in vascular endothelial human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and in vitro assays were used to determine that Tim-3 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation through activating cyclin D1 (CCND1), Ras homolog gene family member A and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Additionally, Tim-3 decreased tight junction (TJ) formation and the transepithelial resistance (TER) of endothelial cells by decreasing the expression levels of TJ protein 2, Occludin and claudin 1 (CLND1). In conclusion, these findings suggested that Tim-3 may exert a positive role in angiogenesis and a negative role in TJ formation in vascular endothelial cells, which may provide novel strategies for the treatment of Tim-3-associated diseases.
An interactive network of alternative splicing events with prognostic value in geriatric lung adenocarcinoma via the regulation of splicing factors
Authors: Wang Yidi , Wang Yaxuan , Li Kenan , Du Yabing , Cui Kang , Yu Pu , Zhang Tengfei , Liu Hong , Ma Wang
Published: October 2020

Alternative splicing (AS), an essential process for the maturation of mRNAs, is involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, including angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis. AS changes can be frequently observed in different tumors, especially in geriatric lung adenocarcinoma (GLAD). Previous studies have reported an association between AS events and tumorigenesis but have lacked a systematic analysis of its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we obtained splicing event information from SpliceSeq and clinical information regarding GLAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Survival-associated AS events were selected to construct eight prognostic index (PI) models. We also constructed a correlation network between splicing factors (SFs) and survival-related AS events to identify a potential molecular mechanism involved in regulating AS-related events in GLAD. Our study findings confirm that AS has a strong prognostic value for GLAD and sheds light on the clinical significance of targeting SFs in the treatment of GLAD.
Brain angiotensin converting enzyme-2 in central cardiovascular regulation
Authors: Mohammed Mazher , Berdasco Clara , Lazartigues Eric
Published: October 2020

The brain renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the regulation of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions, and maintains cardiovascular homeostasis. Ang-II is the major effector molecule of RAS and exerts most of its physiological functions, including blood pressure (BP) regulation, via activation of AT1 receptors. Dysregulation of brain RAS in the central nervous system results in increased Ang-II synthesis that leads to sympathetic outflow and hypertension.

Brain angiotensin (Ang) converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) was discovered two decades ago as an RAS component, exhibiting a counter-regulatory role and opposing the adverse cardiovascular effects produced by Ang-II. Studies using synthetic compounds that can sustain the elevation of ACE2 activity or genetically overexpressed ACE2 in specific brain regions found various beneficial effects on cardiovascular function. More recently, ACE2 has been shown to play critical roles in neuro-inflammation, gut dysbiosis and the regulation of stress and anxiety-like behaviors. In the present review, we aim to highlight the anatomical locations and functional implication of brain ACE2 related to its BP regulation via modulation of the sympathetic nervous system and discuss the recent developments and future directions in the ACE2-mediated central cardiovascular regulation.
Neumann and Robin type boundary conditions in Fractional Orlicz-Sobolev spaces
Authors: Bahrouni Sabri , Salort Ariel M.
Published: October 2020

In the first part of this article we deal with the existence of at least three non-trivial weak solutions of a nonlocal problem with nonstandard growth involving a nonlocal Robin type boundary condition. The second part of the article is devoted to study eigenvalues and minimizers of several nonlocal problems for the fractionalg-Laplacian (-Δg)swith different boundary conditions, namely, Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin.
Comparison of random field strengths in (1-x)SrTiO3-xBiFeO3 and (1-x)SrTiO3-xBaTiO3 relaxor ferroelectrics by means of acoustic emission
Authors: Dul'kin Evgeniy , Roth Michael
Published: October 2020

In relaxor (1-x)SrTiO3-xBiFeO3 ferroelectrics ceramics (x = 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) both intermediate temperatures and Burns temperatures were successfully detected and their behavior were investigated in dependence on an external bias field using an acoustic emission. All these temperatures exhibit a non-trivial behavior, i.e. attain the minima at some threshold fields as a bias field enhances. It is established that the threshold fields decrease as x increases in (1-x)SrTiO3-xBiFeO3, as it previously observed in (1-x)SrTiO3-xBaTiO3 (E. Dul'kin, J. Zhai, M. Roth, Phys. Status Solidi B 252, 2079 (2015)). Based on the data of the threshold fields the mechanisms of arising of random electric fields are discussed and their strengths are compared in both these relaxor ferroelectrics.
Bond load-slip behaviour of FRP bars in recycled-aggregate concrete
Authors: Godat Ahmed , Alghafri Ebtesam , AlTamimi Noura , Aljaberi Hamda , Aldaweela Shaima
Published: October 2020

This study presents an experimental program conducted to investigate the bond strength of FRP bars in recycled-aggregate concrete compared to the one in normal-aggregate concrete for the improved evaluation of results. The experimental program contains thirty six specimens tested using direct pull-out test. In this study, glass, carbon and basalt FRP bars are used with 12 mm diameter and bar bond lengths of 5d, where d is the bar diameter. The FRP bars are casted in different recycled-aggregate concrete strengths of 30, 45 and 60 MPa. The behaviour of bars in normal-aggregate concrete strength of 30 MPa is used as a benchmark and its behaviour is compared with the ones in the recycled-aggregate concrete. The impact of the concrete strength considered is identified based on the gain in the bond behaviour. The experimental results demonstrate the prospect of the recycled aggregates applied as an alternative to normal aggregates in the FRP reinforced concrete. In addition, the use of the recycled aggregate increases the bearing friction behaviour between the FRP bars and concrete.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the fracture response of alkali-activated slag-based materials
Authors: Lipowczan Martin , Lehký David , Šimonová Hana , Kucharczyková Barbara
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with the experimental and numerical determination of mechanical fracture parameters of fine-grained composites based on the alkali-activated slag (AAS) at different ages of hardening. Two AAS composites, which differed only in the presence of shrinkage reducing admixture, were studied. The prismatic specimens with the nominal dimensions of 40 × 40 × 160 mm and initial central edge notch were subjected to fracture tests in a three-point bending configuration. The results of the fracture tests in the form load F versus deflection d diagrams were used as input data for the identification of parameters via the inverse analysis based on the artificial neural network whose aim is to transfer the fracture test response data to the desired material parameters. The modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and fracture energy values were identified and subsequently compared with values obtained based on the direct fracture test evaluation using the effective crack model and work-of-fracture method.
Flexural strengthening of RC beams with NSM CFRP laminates
Authors: Szczech Damian , Krawczyk Łukasz , Kotynia Renata
Published: October 2020

The paper presents test results of reinforced concrete beams flexurally strengthened with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates using the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) technique. RC beams with a cross section of 200 x 400 mm were tested in four-point bending. Two RC beams were strengthened with one NSM CFRP laminate installed into the concrete cover on the bottom side of the beam. One of the beams was strengthened under the self-weight (B10.1) and the second one under initial preloading equal to 83% of the ultimate load of the reference beam (B10.1o). Failure mechanisms, cracking pattern and flexural behaviour of the beams are described in the paper. All the strengthened beams failed by rupture of the CFRP laminates followed by the internal steel reinforcement yielding. High strengthening efficiency of the NSM strengthening was confirmed by 109% and 130% when compared with the non-strengthened beam, respectively for beams B10.1 and B10.1o.
Biotechnologisch hergestellte Megakaryozyten und Thrombozyten
Authors: Pogozhykh Denys , Blasczyk Rainer , Figueiredo Constança
Published: October 2020

Angesichts der ständig steigenden Nachfrage nach Thrombozyten zielen neue Zell-Pharming-Strategien auf die Generierung von Megakaryozyten und Thrombozyten in vitro ab. Dieser Übersichtsartikel analysiert den aktuellen Stand der Methoden zur biotechnologischen Herstellung von Megakaryozyten und Thrombozyten und zeigt die Erarbeitung von Strategien, die darauf abzielen, diese Methoden in die Klinik zu bringen.
Ultra Trail Performance is Differently Predicted by Endurance Variables in Men and Women
Authors: Martinez-Navarro Ignacio , Montoya-Vieco Antonio , Collado Eladio , Hernando Bárbara , Hernando Carlos
Published: October 2020

The study aimed to assess the relationship between peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory thresholds and maximal fat oxidation with ultra trail male and female performance. 47 athletes (29 men and 18 women) completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test between 2 to 4 weeks before a 107-km ultra trail. Body composition was also analyzed using a bioelectrical impedance weight scale. Exploratory correlation analyses showed that peak oxygen uptake (men: r=–0.63, p=0.004; women: r=–0.85, p < 0.001), peak speed (men: r=–0.74, p < 0.001; women: r=–0.69, p=0.009), speed at first (men: r=–0.49, p=0.035; women: r=–0.76, p=0.003) and second (men: r=–0.73, p < 0.001; women: r=–0.76, p=0.003) ventilatory threshold, and maximal fat oxidation (men: r=–0.53, p=0.019; women: r=–0.59, p=0.033) were linked to race time in male and female athletes. Percentage of fat mass (men: r=0.58, p=0.010; women: r=0.62, p= 0.024) and lean body mass (men: r=–0.61, p=0.006; women: r=–0.61, p=0.026) were also associated with performance in both sexes. Subsequent multiple regression analyses revealed that peak speed and maximal fat oxidation together were able to predict 66% of male performance; while peak oxygen uptake was the only statistically significant variable explaining 69% of the variation in women’s race time. These results, although exploratory in nature, suggest that ultra trail performance is differently predicted by endurance variables in men and women.
Syntheses of Analogues of Propofol: A Review
Authors: Dimitrov Ivaylo V. , Suonio Elina E. K.
Published: October 2020

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is an intravenous sedative/hypnotic agent that is used extensively for introduction and maintenance of general anaesthesia, sedation of critically ill patients and procedural sedation (e.g., endoscopy). Propofol has a rapid onset and offset of action and shows only minimal accumulation upon prolonged use. Propofol is only sparingly soluble in water and is currently marketed in 10% soybean oil-based lipid emulsion. Propofol’s anaesthetic properties were discovered over forty years ago, and it has been in clinical use for over thirty years. The main use of propofol remains as an anaesthetic but, over the years, analogues have been developed with varying properties from anticancer, anticonvulsant and antioxidant. In addition, large synthetic efforts have been made towards improving propofol’s water-solubility, its activity, and elucidating its structure–activity­ relationship and exact mechanism of action have been made. This review provides an overview of the research pertaining to propofol-like molecules and covers the efforts of synthetic chemists towards propofol analogues over the last 40 years.

1 Introduction

2 History

3 Early Work

4 Improving Water Solubility

5 The Importance of the Phenol

6 Exploring the Structure–Activity Relationship and Attempts to Improve Activity

7 Anticancer Activity

8 Anticonvulsant Properties

9 Antioxidant Activity

10 Photoactive Labelling to Elucidate Mechanism of Action

11 Photoregulation

12 Conclusion
Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Abuse Impairs Fibrin Clot Lysis
Authors: Sidelmann Johannes Jakobsen , Gram Jørgen Brodersen , Rasmussen Jon J. , Kistorp Caroline
Published: October 2020

Abuse of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) is suspected to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular mortality in otherwise healthy individuals. AAS abuse may increase the incidence of CVD by altering the hemostatic balance toward a procoagulant state. Studies on the effect of AAS abuse on the fibrinolytic system, however, have either demonstrated a profibrinolytic effect or no effect of AAS abuse, but the overall effect of AAS on fibrinolysis has not been addressed so far. This cross-sectional study investigated the effect of AAS on fibrin clot lysis, fibrin structure, and the hemostatic proteins, potentially affecting these measures in current and former AAS abusers and healthy age-matched controls. The study population consisted of 37 current and 33 former AAS abusers, along with 30 healthy age-matched controls. Fibrin clot lysis, fibrin structure properties, fibrinogen, coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) plasminogen, plasmin inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) were determined. Fibrin clot lysis was significantly reduced in participants abusing AAS compared with former abusers and controls (p < 0.001). Plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen, and plasmin inhibitor were significantly increased in current abusers (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed with respect to measures of fibrin structure properties, PAI-1, and TAFI (p > 0.05). In conclusion, AAS abuse depresses fibrin clot lysis. This effect is not associated with alterations in fibrin structure but is rather caused by increased plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, FXIII, and plasmin inhibitor. These findings suggest that AAS abuse may be associated with increased thrombotic disease.
Ovoid Foramen Magnum Shape is Associated with Increased Complications and Decreased Extent of Resection for Anterolateral Foramen Magnum Meningiomas
Authors: Kina Hakan , Erginoglu Ufuk , Hanalioglu Sahin , Ozaydin Burak , Baskaya Mustafa K.
Published: October 2020

Background Antero-laterally located meningiomas of the foramen magnum (FM) pose significant surgical resection challenges. The effect of FM shape on surgical resection of FM meningiomas has not been previously studied. The present study investigates how FM shape effects the extent of tumor resection and complication rates in antero-lateral FM meningiomas.

Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 16 consecutive patients with antero-lateral FM meningiomas operated on by a single surgeon. FMs were classified as ovoid (n = 8) and nonovoid (n = 8) using radiographic evaluation.

Results Sixteen patients were examined: seven males and nine females (mean age of 58.5, and range of 29 to 81 years). Gross total resection was achieved in 81% of patients, with tumor encased vertebral arteries in 44%. Patient characteristics were similar including age, sex, preoperative tumor volume, relationship of vertebral artery with tumor, preoperative Karnofsky performance score (KPS), symptom duration, and presence of lower cranial nerve symptoms. The ovoid FM group had lower volumetric extents of resection without statistical significance (93 ± 10 vs. 100 ± 0%, p = 0.069), more intraoperative blood loss (319 ± 75 vs. 219 ± 75 mL, p = 0.019), more complications per patient (1.9 ± 1.8 vs. 0.3 ± 0.4, p = 0.039), and poorer postoperative KPS (80 ± 21 vs. 96 ± 5, p = 0.007). Hypoglossal nerve palsy was more frequent in the ovoid FM group (38 vs. 13%).

Conclusion This is the first study demonstrating that ovoid FMs may pose surgical challenges, poorer operative outcomes, and lower rates of extent of resection. Preoperative radiological investigation including morphometric FM measurement to determine if FMs are ovoid or nonovoid can improve surgical planning and complication avoidance.
Anatomical Variations and Relationships of the Infratemporal Fossa: Foundation of a Novel Endonasal Approach to the Foramen Ovale
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L.
Published: October 2020

Objective Access to the infratemporal fossa (ITF) is complicated by its complex neurovascular relationships. In addition, copious bleeding from the pterygoid plexus adds to surgical challenge. This study aims to detail the anatomical relationships among the internal maxillary artery (IMA), pterygoid plexus, V3, and pterygoid muscles in ITF. Furthermore, it introduces a novel approach that displaces the lateral pterygoid plate (LPP) to access the foramen ovale.

Design and Main Outcome Measures Six cadaveric specimens (12 sides) were dissected using an endonasal approach to the ITF modified by releasing and displacing the LPP and lateral pterygoid muscle (LPTM) as a unit. Subperiosteal elevation of the superior head of LPTM revealed the foramen ovale. The anatomic relationships among the V3, pterygoid muscles, pterygoid plexus, and IMA were surveyed.

Results In 9/12 sides (75%), the proximal IMA ran between the temporalis and the LPTM, whereas in 3/12 sides (25%), the IMA pierced the LPTM. The deep temporal nerve was a consistent landmark to separate the superior and inferior heads of LPTM. An endonasal approach displacing the LPP in combination with a subperiosteal elevation of the superior head of LPTM provided access to the posterior trunk of V3 and foramen ovale while sparing injury of the LPTM and exposing the pterygoid plexus. The anterior trunk of V3 traveled anterolaterally along the greater wing of sphenoid in all specimens.

Conclusion Displacement of the LPP and LPTM provided direct exposure of foramen ovale and V3 avoiding dissection of the muscle and pterygoid plexus; thus, this maneuver may prevent intraoperative bleeding and postoperative trismus.
Chronic pancreatitis caused by a Homozygous SPINK1 c.194 + 2T > C variant and Pancreas Divisum in a 3-year-old child—case report
Authors: Zdanowicz Katarzyna , Uscinowicz Miroslawa , Rakowska Magdalena , Wertheim-Tysarowska Katarzyna , Rygiel Agnieszka Magdalena , Oracz Grzegorz , Lebensztejn Dariusz Marek
Published: October 2020

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a rare disease in children. We describe the first case of a 3-year-old Caucasian patient with CP with the presence of a homozygous pathogenic variant c.194 + 2T > C in serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) and pancreas divisum.
Traumatic Brain Injury: Effect of Litigation Status on Executive Functioning—A Pilot Study
Authors: K. Simi Prakash , Reddy Rajakumari P. , Mathulla Anna R. , Rajeswaran Jamuna , Shukla Dhaval P.
Published: October 2020

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a wide range of physiological, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive sequelae. Litigation status is one of the many factors that has an impact on recovery. The aim of this study was to compare executive functions, postconcussion, and depressive symptoms in TBI patients with and without litigation. A sample of 30 patients with TBI, 15 patients with litigation (medicolegal case [MLC]), and 15 without litigation (non-MLC) was assessed. The tools used were sociodemographic and clinical proforma, executive function tests, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory. Assessment revealed that more than 50% of patients showed deficits in category fluency, set shifting, and concept formation. The MLC group showed significant impairment on verbal working memory in comparison to the non-MLC group. The performance of both groups was comparable on tests of semantic fluency, visuospatial working memory, concept formation, set shifting, planning, and response inhibition. The MLC group showed more verbal working memory deficits in the absence of significant postconcussion and depressive symptoms on self-report measures.
Meckel–Gruber Syndrome: Correlation between Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Assessment in a Fetal Case with Severe Oligohydramnios
Authors: de Almeida Paulo Ricardo Sousa Frota , Centofanti Sandra F. , do Carmo Rafael L. , Inada Bruno Shigueo Yonekura , Marussi Victor Hugo Rocha , Freitas Leonardo F.
Published: October 2020

Meckel–Gruber syndrome (MGS) is a rare genetic condition determined by an autosomal recessive mutation and characterized by occipital cephalocele, postaxial polydactyly, and bilateral dysplastic cystic kidneys, besides many other findings. Antenatal ultrasonography can identify the major features, but in selected cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might help to obtain the correct diagnosis. We describe a well-documented case of MGS diagnosed by ultrasound in correlation with MRI findings.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection among Children: Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Outcome
Authors: Gurugubelli Krishna Rao , Bhat Ballambattu Vishnu
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease that may lead to respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Neonates and children are most vulnerable population to COVID-19 infection; however, the infection is usually milder and has a better prognosis in pediatric patients compared with adults. It remains unclear why pediatric population is less symptomatic than adults. Children frequently experience respiratory infections and their immune system is in developing stage. However, large proportion of the asymptomatic pediatric population may contribute to transmission. This review explored several aspects of COVID-19 infection such as its epidemiology, its molecular pathogenesis with respect to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and inflammatory mediators, intrauterine vertical transmission, imaging findings, and complications like cytokine release syndrome (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children). We also looked at prognostic factors and treatment modalities like corticosteroids, RNA replicate inhibitors, protease inhibitors, Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, that is, acalabrutinib and convalescent plasma therapy. Since there is no strong evidence for the intrauterine transmission, early isolation should be performed to protect a neonate from a COVID-19 infected mother. Development of vaccine and an effective antiviral drug are the need of the hour.
Pumping wavelength related population inversion in Nd:doped laser
Authors: Bai Yingxin
Published: October 2020

Pumping wavelength related population inversion in an Nd:doped laser has been investigated, where the laser is regarded as two thermodynamic equilibrium systems: the upper state and the lower state. The population inversion limits at various pumping wavelengths and temperatures are compared. The effective metastable lifetime has been derived, where both pump and laser fields within the Nd:doped laser medium reduce the lifetime. The saturation of the lifetime is discussed. As a result, in-band pumping of the Nd:doped laser is good for improving the efficiency and achieving the narrow-linewidth of the laser wavelength due to less population inversion; off-band pumping is beneficial for extracting high pulse energy, thanks to large population inversion.