bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Trautmann Agnes , Boyer Olivia , Hodson Elisabeth , Bagga Arvind , Gipson Debbie S. , Samuel Susan , Wetzels Jack , Alhasan Khalid , Banerjee Sushmita , Bhimma Rajendra , Bonilla-Felix Melvin , Cano Francisco , Christian Martin , Hahn Deirdre , Kang Hee Gyung , Nakanishi Koichi , Safouh Hesham , Trachtman Howard , Xu Hong , Cook Wendy , Vivarelli Marina , Haffner Dieter ,   on behalf of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association, Bouts Antonia , Dossier Claire , Emma Francesco , Kemper Markus , Topaloglu Rezan , Waters Aoife , Thorsten Weber Lutz , Zurowska Alexandra , Gibson Keisha L. , Greenbaum Larry , Massengill Susan , Selewski David , Srivastava Tarak , Wang Chia-shi , Wenderfer Scott , Johnstone Lilian , Larkins Nicholas , Wong William , Alba Agnes A. , Ha T. S. , Mokham Masoumeh , Zhong Xuhui , Hamada Riku , Iijima Kazumoto , Ishikura Kenji , Nozu Kandai , Bresolin Nilzete , De Jesus Gonzalez Nilka , Restrepo Jaime , Anochie Ifeoma , McCulloch Mignon
Published: October 2022

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most frequent pediatric glomerular disease, affecting from 1.15 to 16.9 per 100,000 children per year globally. It is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and/or concomitant edema. Approximately 85–90% of patients attain complete remission of proteinuria within 4–6 weeks of treatment with glucocorticoids, and therefore, have steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). Among those patients who are steroid sensitive, 70–80% will have at least one relapse during follow-up, and up to 50% of these patients will experience frequent relapses or become dependent on glucocorticoids to maintain remission. The dose and duration of steroid treatment to prolong time between relapses remains a subject of much debate, and patients continue to experience a high prevalence of steroid-related morbidity. Various steroid-sparing immunosuppressive drugs have been used in clinical practice; however, there is marked practice variation in the selection of these drugs and timing of their introduction during the course of the disease. Therefore, international evidence-based clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) are needed to guide clinical practice and reduce practice variation. The International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA) convened a team of experts including pediatric nephrologists, an adult nephrologist, and a patient representative to develop comprehensive CPRs on the diagnosis and management of SSNS in children. After performing a systematic literature review on 12 clinically relevant PICO (Patient or Population covered, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) questions, recommendations were formulated and formally graded at several virtual consensus meetings. New definitions for treatment outcomes to help guide change of therapy and recommendations for important research questions are given.
Genome sequence of pineapple secovirus B, a second sadwavirus reported infecting Ananas comosus
Authors: Larrea-Sarmiento Adriana , Geering Andrew D.W. , Olmedo-Velarde Alejandro , Wang Xupeng , Borth Wayne , Matsumoto Tracie K , Suzuki Jon Y , Wall Marisa M , Melzer Michael , Moyle Richard , Sharman Murray , Hu John , Thomas John E.
Published: October 2022

The complete genome sequence of pineapple secovirus B (PSV-B), a new virus infecting pineapple (Ananas comosus) on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, was determined by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The genome comprises two RNAs that are 5,956 and 3,808 nt long, excluding the 3’-end poly-A tails, both coding for a single large polyprotein. The RNA1 polyprotein contains five conserved domains associated with replication, while the RNA2 polyprotein is cleaved into the movement protein and coat protein. PSV-B is representative of a new species in the subgenus Cholivirus (genus Sadwavirus; family Secoviridae), as the level of amino acid sequence identity to recognized members of this subgenus in the Pro-Pol and coat protein regions is below currently valid species demarcation thresholds.
Multiple Mapping Conditioning Mixing Time Scales for Turbulent Premixed Flames
Authors: Iaroslavtceva Nadezhda , Kronenburg Andreas , Stein Oliver T.
Published: October 2022

A novel multiple mapping conditioning (MMC) mixing time scale model for turbulent premixed combustion has been developed. It combines time scales for the flamelet and distributed flame regimes with the aid of a blending function. The blending function serves two purposes. Firstly, it helps to identify zones where the premixed flame resides and where the time scale associated with the premixed flame shall be used. Secondly, it uses the Karlovitz number to identify the turbulent premixed combustion regime and to reduce the weighting of the premixed flame time scale if Karlovitz numbers are high and deviations from the flamelet regime are expected. A series of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) of statistically one dimensional, freely propagating turbulent methane-air flames provides a wide range of turbulent combustion regimes for the mixing model validation. The new mixing time scale provides correct predictions of the flame speed of freely propagating turbulent flames which could not be matched by most recognized mixing models. The turbulent flame structure predicted by the new model is in good agreement with DNS for all combustion regimes from flamelet to the thickened reaction zone.
Masked prediction and interdependence network of the law using data from large-scale Japanese court judgments
Authors: Kondo Ryoma , Yoshida Takahiro , Hisano Ryohei
Published: October 2022

Court judgments contain valuable information on how statutory laws and past court precedents are interpreted and how the interdependence structure among them evolves in the courtroom. Data-mining the evolving structure of such customs and norms that reflect myriad social values from a large-scale court judgment corpus is an essential task from both the academic and industrial perspectives. In this paper, using data from approximately 110,000 court judgments from Japan spanning the period 1998–2018 from the district to the supreme court level, we propose two tasks that grasp such a structure from court judgments and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of major machine learning models. One is a prediction task based on masked language modeling that connects textual information to legal codes and past court precedents. Another is a dynamic link prediction task where we predict the hidden interdependence structure in the law. We make quantitative and qualitative comparisons among major machine learning models to obtain insights for future developments.
On the Origin of Venn Diagrams
Authors: Moktefi Amirouche , Lemanski Jens
Published: October 2022

In this paper we argue that there were several currents, ideas and problems in 19th-century logic that motivated John Venn to develop his famous logic diagrams. To this end, we first examine the problem of uncertainty or over-specification in syllogistic that became obvious in Euler diagrams. In the 19th century, numerous logicians tried to solve this problem. The most famous was the attempt to introduce dashed circles into Euler diagrams. The solution that John Venn developed for this problem, however, came from a completely different area of logic: instead of orienting to syllogistic like Euler diagrams, Venn applied Boolean algebra to improve visual reasoning. Venn’s contribution to solving the problem of elimination also played an important role. The result of this development is still known today as the ‘Venn Diagram’.
Compartmentalized organ-on-a-chip structure for spatiotemporal control of oxygen microenvironments
Authors: Tornberg Kaisa , Välimäki Hannu , Valaskivi Silmu , Mäki Antti-Juhana , Jokinen Matias , Kreutzer Joose , Kallio Pasi
Published: October 2022

Hypoxia is a condition where tissue oxygen levels fall below normal levels. In locally induced hypoxia due to blood vessel blockage, oxygen delivery becomes compromised. The site where blood flow is diminished the most forms a zero-oxygen core, and different oxygenation zones form around this core with varying oxygen concentrations. Naturally, these differing oxygen microenvironments drive cells to respond according to their oxygenation status. To study these cellular processes in laboratory settings, the cellular gas microenvironments should be controlled rapidly and precisely. In this study, we propose an organ-on-a-chip device that provides control over the oxygen environments in three separate compartments as well as the possibility of rapidly changing the corresponding oxygen concentrations. The proposed device includes a microfluidic channel structure with three separate arrays of narrow microchannels that guide gas mixtures with desired oxygen concentrations to diffuse through a thin gas-permeable membrane into cell culture areas. The proposed microfluidic channel structure is characterized using a 2D ratiometric oxygen imaging system, and the measurements confirm that the oxygen concentrations at the cell culture surface can be modulated in a few minutes. The structure is capable of creating hypoxic oxygen tension, and distinct oxygen environments can be generated simultaneously in the three compartments. By combining the microfluidic channel structure with an open-well coculture device, multicellular cultures can be established together with compartmentalized oxygen environment modulation. We demonstrate that the proposed compartmentalized organ-on-a-chip structure is suitable for cell culture.
One-Pot Synthesis of Menthol from Citral and Citronellal Over Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Simakova Irina , Vajglová Zuzana , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: October 2022

One-pot synthesis of menthol from citronellal or citral was summarized. Both batch and continuous reactors have been recently applied. This reaction is very complex and a bifunctional catalyst exhibiting especially Lewis acid sites for cyclisation of citronellal to isopulegol are needed, while metal particles are required for its hydrogenation to menthols. Typically, too mild acidity of the catalyst and small particles do not catalyze menthol formation. Furthermore, too high acidity causes catalyst deactivation and dehydration of menthol. Very high menthol yields have been obtained in batch reactor over nobel and transition metal supported bifunctional catalysts. Shape selectivity was demonstrated for Ni-supported on Zr-modified beta zeolite, which gave high diastereoselectivity to the desired L-menthol. Recently one-pot synthesis of menthol in a trickle bed reactor has been investigated. Catalyst suffers only minor deactivation in transformation of citronellal to menthol, while more severe catalyst deactivation occurred in transforming citral to menthols. Noteworthy from the industrial point of view is that the product distribution obtained with the same catalyst under kinetic regime or under diffusional limitations differs from each other. The metal location and synthesis method of extrudates can have a major effect on the catalyst performance. Kinetic modelling of the data obtained from the trickle bed reactor considering the effectiveness factor is discussed.

Graphical Abstract

The results from one-pot synthesis of menthol finding applications in pharmaceuticals and fragrances from citral and its hydrogenated product, citronellal over bifunctional catalysts metal–acid are summarized. The relationship between the catalyst properties and the performance is discussed. In the continuous mode catalyst deactivation becomes apparent and in such mode of operation the product distribution might differ from those obtained in a batch reactor.
Status and Performance of the AMoRE-I Experiment on Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
Authors: Kim H. B. , Ha D. H. , Jeon E. J. , Jeon J. A. , Jo H. S. , Kang C. S. , Kang W. G. , Kim H. S. , Kim S. C. , Kim S. G. , Kim S. K. , Kim S. R. , Kim W. T. , Kim Y. D. , Kim Y. H. , Kwon D. H. , Lee E. S. , Lee H. J. , Lee H. S. , Lee J. S. , Lee M. H. , Lee S. W. , Lee Y. C. , Leonard D. S. , Lim H. S. , Mailyan B. , Nyanda P. B. , Oh Y. M. , Sari M. B. , Seo J. W. , Seo K. M. , Seo S. H. , So J. H. , Woo K. R. , Yoon Y. S.
Published: October 2022

AMoRE is an international project to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{100}\hbox {Mo}$$

100

Mo

using a detection technology consisting of magnetic microcalorimeters (MMCs) and molybdenum-based scintillating crystals. Data collection has begun for the current AMORE-I phase of the project, an upgrade from the previous pilot phase. AMoRE-I employs thirteen $${}^\mathrm {48depl.}\hbox {Ca}^{100}\hbox {MoO}_4$$

48
depl
.

Ca
100

MoO
4

crystals and five $$\hbox {Li}_2^{100}\hbox {MoO}_4$$

Li
2
100

MoO
4

crystals for a total crystal mass of 6.2 kg. Each detector module contains a scintillating crystal with two MMC channels for heat and light detection. We report the present status of the experiment and the performance of the detector modules.
Low temperature energy storage by bio-originated calcium alginate-octyl laurate microcapsules
Authors: Hajba-Horváth Eszter , Németh Bence , Trif László , May Zoltán , Jakab Miklós , Fodor-Kardos Andrea , Feczkó Tivadar
Published: October 2022

Octyl laurate phase change material (PCM) was microencapsulated by calcium alginate for eco-friendly low temperature energy storage. The PCM microcapsules were prepared by repeated interfacial coacervation followed by crosslinking method. In order to enhance the antibacterial properties of the as prepared capsules, the calcium alginate shell was functionalized by Ag nanoparticles. Calcium alginate-octyl laurate microcapsules possessed high latent heat of fusion values (130.8 and 128.6 J g−1 on melting and cooling, respectively) which did not significantly change when Ag nanoparticles were entrapped in the shell (127.5 and 125.2 J g−1 for melting and freezing enthalpy changes). Based on these values 71.0 and 69.0% maximal PCM content in the microcapsules were determined by the differential scanning calorimetry method. Both of the Ag-loaded and unloaded calcium alginate-octyl laurate PCM capsules maintained the high heat storing capacity after 250 warming and cooling cycles, which proved they did not suffer from leakage after the accelerated thermal test.
The nonlocal elasticity theory for geometrically nonlinear vibrations of double-layer nanoplate systems in magnetic field
Authors: Mazur Olga , Awrejcewicz Jan
Published: October 2022

The geometrically nonlinear vibrations of simply supported double-layer graphene sheet systems under in-plane magnetic field are considered in the presented manuscript. The interaction between layers is taken into account due to van der Waals forces. The investigation is based on the nonlocal elasticity theory, Kirchhoff plate theory and von Kármán theory. The effect of the magnetic field is due to the Lorentz force based on Maxwell’s equations. The governing equations are used in mixed form by introducing the stress Airy function. The analytical presentation of the nonlinear frequency ratio for in-phase vibration and anti-phase vibration modes is presented. It is shown that the nonlocal parameter in the compatibility equation can significantly change the vibration characteristics.
A survey: object detection methods from CNN to transformer
Authors: Arkin Ershat , Yadikar Nurbiya , Xu Xuebin , Aysa Alimjan , Ubul Kurban
Published: October 2022

Object detection is the most important problem in computer vision tasks. After AlexNet proposed, based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods have become mainstream in the computer vision field, many researches on neural networks and different transformations of algorithm structures have appeared. In order to achieve fast and accurate detection effects, it is necessary to jump out of the existing CNN framework and has great challenges. Transformer’s relatively mature theoretical support and technological development in the field of Natural Language Processing have brought it into the researcher’s sight, and it has been proved that Transformer’s method can be used for computer vision tasks, and proved that it exceeds the existing CNN method in some tasks. In order to enable more researchers to better understand the development process of object detection methods, existing methods, different frameworks, challenging problems and development trends, paper introduced historical classic methods of object detection used CNN, discusses the highlights, advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms. By consulting a large amount of paper, the paper compared different CNN detection methods and Transformer detection methods. Vertically under fair conditions, 13 different detection methods that have a broad impact on the field and are the most mainstream and promising are selected for comparison. The comparative data gives us confidence in the development of Transformer and the convergence between different methods. It also presents the recent innovative approaches to using Transformer in computer vision tasks. In the end, the challenges, opportunities and future prospects of this field are summarized.
Conducting an adaptive evaluation framework of importance and performance for community-based earthquake disaster management
Authors: Lin Bih-Chuan , Lee Chun-Hung
Published: October 2022

The frequency and intensity of natural disasters have been increasing in recent decades; especially earthquakes are one of the causes of major natural disasters. Improving community adaptive response to disasters based on community capacity has gradually become an effective means of coping with disaster risks, as well as improving residents' well-being and community participation in disaster planning and management. We integrate community resilience and disaster management to establish an evaluation framework for community-based earthquake disaster management (CEDM) based on community perspectives under importance performance analysis method, and identify the factors affecting community adaptive behavior. Features that affect the differentiation of community residents' adaptive behavior in CEDM program are classified into risk perception, learning earthquake knowledge, the ability on earthquake prevention, and creating a platform on CEDM. The results identify that the CEDM has to integrate the higher community education plan, the stronger flexible to disaster preparedness, the higher the residents' awareness of disaster prevention, the stronger the ability to adapt to disasters; the higher the ability of the government and non-profit organizations to cooperate with the community to deal with disasters, and the stronger the community's ability to manage disasters. These findings provide valuable insights into the construction of CEDM systems and related policymaking.
Fines as enforcers’ rewards or as a transfer to society at large? Evidence on deterrence and enforcement implications
Authors: Baumann Florian , Bienenstock Sophie , Friehe Tim , Ropaul Maiva
Published: October 2022

We analyze experimental data to assess whether the deterrent effect of expected fines depends on who receives the fines’ proceeds. We compare behavior in treatments when the revenue is a reward for enforcement agents to the alternative when fines are transferred to society at large. Most important, with a fixed detection probability, potential offenders’ material incentives are held constant across treatments. Our evidence suggests that the deterrent effect of expected fines is greater when enforcement agents obtain the fine revenue. Our results also document that the characteristics of enforcers who are willing to incur private costs to create a positive detection probability seem to depend on whether fines reward enforcers or are transferred to society at large.
The culture of official statistics. Symbolic domination and “bourgeois” assimilation in quantitative measurements of immigrant integration in Germany
Authors: Petzke Martin
Published: October 2022

While cultural sociology has recently made a comeback in research on social inequality both in the context of poverty studies and studies of immigrant integration, it has rarely investigated how particular constructions of the problem of socioeconomic mobility are themselves culturally situated. The article addresses this neglect by investigating the problematization of disadvantaged lives within the relational framework of Bourdieu’s cultural theory of the state. Here, the state exercises symbolic violence by transforming one arbitrary cultural standpoint in social space into a universal standard, or a taken-for-granted “doxa,” against which other cultural positions can only come off as deficient. The article extends this perspective by addressing the role of official statistics in this process. Taking Germany’s official monitoring of the socioeconomic integration of immigrants as its case and drawing from document analysis, interviews, ethnographic observation, and data from the German General Social Survey, the article shows how such statistical instruments of the welfare state in fact tacitly universalize a model of the good life particular to civil servants, the very constructors of the monitors, as a benchmark for immigrant integration.
Genetic Algorithm Based Model for Optimal Selection of Open Channel Design Parameters
Authors: Salem Aly K. , Imam Yehya E. , Ghanem Ashraf H. , Bazaraa Abdallah S.
Published: October 2022

Open channels are one of the most used water conveyance systems for delivering water for different purposes. Existing models for the design of open channels mainly assume uniform flow, focus on cross-section sizing, and generally decouple cross-section sizing from the selection of channel alignment and profile. In this study, we developed an optimization model for a comprehensive design of transmission channels. The model minimizes the sum of costs for earthwork, lining, water losses, and land acquisition; accounts for non-uniform, mixed-regime flow; and considers multiple geometric and hydraulic constraints. The model was validated using several idealized scenarios. The model potential in minimizing the cost of real open channel projects was demonstrated through application to an existing irrigation water transmission canal in Egypt (the Sheikh Zayed Canal). The results of validation scenarios matched the anticipated outcomes for channel profile and alignment and reproduced analytical solutions given in the literature for channel cross-section design. Application of the model to the Sheikh Zayed Canal gave a more optimal design; the OCCD model produced a design alternative with ~27% less cost than the constructed alternative.
Comparison of the value of the STOP-BANG questionnaire with oxygen desaturation index in screening obstructive sleep apnea in Germany
Authors: Wang Yan , Fietze Ingo , Salanitro Matthew , Penzel Thomas
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Despite polysomnography being the gold standard method of diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), it is time-consuming and has long waiting lists. Alternative methods including questionnaires and portable sleep devices have been developed to increase the speed of diagnosis. However, most questionnaires such as the STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ) are limited due to low specificity. This study evaluated the value of SBQ to screen for OSA and compared it with the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and their combination.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who completed the SBQ and underwent a night at the sleep lab or home sleep testing. The ODI was extracted from these sleep study reports. The combination of SBQ with ODI and their individual scores were compared with apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) in terms of their accuracy in diagnosing OSA. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for different severities of OSA were calculated and compared.

Results

Among 132 patients, SBQ showed a sensitivity of 0.9 and a specificity of 0.3 to screen for OSA. As the severity of OSA increased, the sensitivity increased whilst specificity decreased for both measurements. ODI achieved an increased specificity of 0.8 and could correctly diagnose OSA 86% of the time which was better than SBQ’s 60%. For all severities of OSA, ODI alone displayed a larger AUC than SBQ and similar AUC to their combination.

Conclusion

ODI produced a higher specificity and AUC than SBQ. Furthermore, ODI combined with SBQ failed to increase diagnostic value. Therefore, ODI may be the preferred way to initially screen patients for OSA as an easy-to-use alternative compared to SBQ.
Physical Activity Among Older Women Living in Rural Areas in Canada: A Scoping Review
Authors: Irwin Pamela M.
Published: October 2022

Although there is strong evidence linking physical activity in older age with wellbeing and health benefits, these relationships tend to be under-researched in a rural context. A scoping review was conducted to identify what is known about physical activity among older women living in rural Canada. The search strategy was intentionally broad, with eight databases, academic journals, and websites scanned for research and grey literature related to Canada, in English, from 2000 to 2022. 33 studies, reviews, and reports were included in the final selection. These articles indicate that physical activity among older women living in rural Canada is influenced by a multitude of layers, contexts, conditions, and environments, with outcomes dependent on a mixture of personal, relational, community, societal, and governmental factors. In general, the women are committed to creating and maintaining an active lifestyle, and supporting their local rural community to enable these activities. While the social environment can proscribe physical activity through ageist attitudes and restrictive socio-cultural norms, social support from family and community members mitigates against these constraints. Rural infrastructure, geography, climate (seasons and weather), as well as transportation and policy issues may also impede the physical activity opportunities of the women. Some of the problems related to sustaining and resourcing recreational activity in rural communities are partly addressed through the implications presented in the articles. Among others, these suggestions relate to leadership and learning opportunities, public engagement, and the partnership working involved in supporting physical activity in rural areas. However, further research is long overdue.
Specifying the hydrogeological parameters range for a groundwater flow model in El-Qaa Plain aquifer, Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Soliman Karim , Hafiz Mohamed G. , Amin Doaa , Bekhit Hesham M.
Published: October 2022

Hydrogeological parameters are very uncertain to specify in the groundwater flow models. Hence, it is important to specify a range for these parameters to be further utilized by the groundwater model users. In El-Qaa Plain, previous researchers have determined the hydrogeological parameters such as transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and mean annual recharge rate using geophysical methods, pumping tests, hydrological models, and groundwater flow models. However, they are also limited to specific locations and do not spatially distribute. In this paper, an effort has been accomplished to specify a specific range for the aquifer hydrogeological parameters using inverse groundwater modeling taking into account the spatial heterogeneity. These ranges could be taken into consideration during modeling groundwater flow. Hence, a finite-difference groundwater flow model has been applied using the ModFLOW model. Regularized pilot points method (RPPM) has been chosen as an inverse modeling technique to specify the accurate values of the aquifer parameters. Model-independent parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis (PEST) has been utilized to estimate the parameters. The results show that the geometric mean of the hydraulic conductivity in the study area ranges from proximity 1 to 2 m/day. Additionally, the geometric mean of the transmissivity ranges from nearly 200 to 500 m2/day. A relationship between the mean annual recharge rate and hydrogeological parameters has been determined. Besides, maps have been generated showing the spatial heterogeneity of the hydraulic conductivity. These maps could be further utilized by groundwater flow modelers to predict the potential of groundwater flow and pollution in the future.
How Does Mindfulness Affect Pro-environmental Behaviors? A Qualitative Analysis of the Mechanisms of Change in a Sample of Active Practitioners
Authors: Thiermann Ute B. , Sheate William R.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

While there is theoretical and empirical evidence for a positive relationship between mindfulness and pro-environmental behaviors, so far research into mindfulness-based sustainability trainings with meditation novices yielded underwhelming results. At the same time, there is a lack of qualitative research into the mindfulness and sustainability nexus. The objective of this qualitative research was to study the potential mechanisms linking mindfulness practices and individual engagement in pro-environmental behaviors in a sample of meditators.

Methods

This research is based on a reflexive thematic analysis of 13 semi-structured interviews with active meditators, analyzed under a constructivist epistemology and experiential orientation to data interpretation.

Results

Five themes describe the mindfulness-induced behavior changes experienced by the interviewees: awakening of the mind (self-regulation), awakening of the heart (relational capacities), internalizing environmental motivation, eudaimonic well-being, and deepening mindfulness. A thematic map displays the multitude of factors mediating the process of change.

Conclusions

This study revealed that for those interviewed, the degree to which mindfulness practices can encourage pro-environmental behaviors depends on the level of individual commitment towards mindfulness as a lifestyle. Particularly, the integration of mindful living principles in form of the informal practice of mindfulness plays a key role to implement behavior change. Yet even though this research identified five positive factors for change, the specific context of the interviewee sample combined with general methodological drawbacks call for a careful interpretation of the results regarding its applicability to the general population. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the mindfulness-sustainability nexus and shows the potential of qualitative methods to research complex intra-individual change processes and long-term behavior change.
What Really Drives Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from the Lasso Regularization and Inferential Techniques
Authors: Ofori Isaac K. , Obeng Camara K. , Asongu Simplice A.
Published: October 2022

The question of what really drives economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been debated for many decades now. However, there is still a lack of clarity on the variables crucial for driving growth as prior contributions have been executed at the backdrop of preferential selection of covariates in the midst of several potential drivers of economic growth. The main challenge with such contributions is that even tenuous variables may be deemed influential under some model specifications and assumptions. To address this and inform policy appropriately, we train algorithms for four machine learning regularization techniques— the Standard lasso,the Adaptive lasso,the minimum Schwarz Bayesian information criterion lasso, andthe ElasticNet—to study patterns in a dataset containing 113 covariates and identify the key variables affecting growth in SSA. We find that only 7 covariates are key for driving growth in SSA. The estimates of these variables are provided by running the lasso inferential techniques ofdouble-selection linear regression,partialing-out lasso linear regression, andpartialing-out lasso instrumental variable regression. Policy recommendations are also provided in line with the AfCFTA and the green growth agenda of the region.
Zum Verständnis von Gesundheit in der Arbeitswelt – ein Problemaufriss
Authors: Ertel Michael , Latza Ute , Schöllgen Ina , Rösler Ulrike , Schulz Inga Lisa , Kienast Camilla
Published: October 2022

Arbeitsbedingungen, die die Gesundheit und die Arbeitsfähigkeit erhalten und fördern, sind ein wesentliches Element der Prävention arbeitsbedingter Erkrankungen und ein entscheidender Faktor für die Sicherung der Teilhabe am Erwerbsleben. Die COVID-19-Pandemie und ihre weitreichenden Folgen, der beschleunigte Klimawandel und die Digitalisierung sind gewaltige Herausforderungen für die Gesundheit und den Gesundheitsschutz auch in der Arbeitswelt. Sie erfordern, über tagesaktuelle Betrachtungen hinaus, eine vertiefte Reflexion des fachlichen Verständnisses und des konzeptionellen Rahmens, die dem Begriff Gesundheit zugrunde liegen. Mit dieser Zielsetzung werden Denkanstöße für ein zeitgemäßes Verständnis von Gesundheit, zum Gesundheitsschutz in der Arbeitswelt – Prioritäten für den Schutzbedarf der Beschäftigten – und Anregungen zur diesbezüglichen Forschung zur Diskussion gestellt. Basierend auf den körperlichen, mentalen und sozialen Dimensionen von Gesundheit und deren vielfältigen Bezügen zur Arbeitswelt vermittelt der Beitrag innovative Impulse zur Entwicklung und Priorisierung von Fragestellungen für wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Schutz und zur Förderung von Gesundheit im Arbeitskontext und zur Bewertung der Aussagekraft und Qualität der Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen für einen modernen, präventiven Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz, der zur menschengerechten Gestaltung von Arbeit und damit auch zur Entlastung der sozialen Sicherungssysteme beiträgt. In Übereinstimmung mit der Public-Health-Strategie für Deutschland wird soziale Ungleichheit von Gesundheit als relevantes Strukturmerkmal hervorgehoben.
Recent Advances in Semiconductor Heterojunctions and Z-Schemes for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Schumacher Lion , Marschall Roland
Published: October 2022

The formation of semiconductor heterojunctions and Z-schemes is still a very prominent and efficient strategy of materials chemists to extend the absorption range of semiconductor combinations. Moreover, the spatial separation of photoexcited charge carriers and thereby the reduction of their recombination ultimately lead to increased photocatalytic activities. The present article reviews recent trends in semiconductor heterojunctions and Z-schemes with a focus on hydrogen generation and water splitting, exhibiting specific needs for charge carrier separation. We also included recent material trends, i.e. 2D/2D combinations, direct Z-schemes, MOFs and COFs, and combinations with upconversion materials.
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus present similar immunological response to COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to healthy subjects: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Paschou Stavroula A. , Karalis Vangelis , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Charitaki Ioanna , Sklirou Aimilia D. , Iconomidou Vassiliki A. , Vasileiou Vasiliki , Kassi Georgia N. , Vryonidou Andromachi , Kokkinos Alexander , Tentolouris Nicholas , Hatziaggelaki Erifili , Trougakos Ioannis P. , Terpos Evangelos , Dimopoulos Meletios Athanasios
Published: October 2022

Aim

To compare the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (NΑbs) against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty, Pfizer/BioNTech) between patients with T2DM and healthy controls.

Methods

NAb levels after the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine were compared between 50 patients with non-insulin treated T2DM and 50 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched healthy controls up to 3 months after the second dose. The median age of both groups was 70 years.

Results

On day 1, mean NAbs of the control and T2DM groups were 14.64% (standard error, SE = 2.30) and 14.04% (SE = 2.14), respectively (p value = 0.926). Three weeks later, the mean NAb values were 39.98% (SE = 3.53) in the control group and 40.97% (SE = 3.99) in participants with T2DM (p value = 0.698). One month after the second vaccination, mean NAb values increased to 87.13% (SE = 2.94) in the control group and 89.00% (SE = 2.18) in the T2DM group. Three months after the second vaccine dose, the mean inhibitory titers decreased to 83.49% (SE = 3.82) (control group) and 76.36% (SE = 3.33) (T2DM group). On all occasions, no significant difference was found between the two groups (all p values > 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with T2DM present similar immunological response to COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to that of healthy subjects.
Practice of responsible research and innovation in the formulation and revision of ethical principles of molecular robotics in Japan
Authors: Komiya Ken , Shineha Ryuma , Kawahara Naoto
Published: October 2022

The consideration of Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI) is essential in technologically advanced countries to maximize benefits and minimize potential risks of emerging science and technologies (S&T). Currently, in scientific policy, discussions about ELSI have been conducted using the framework of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). This study examines a current and significant case study in Japan, Molecular Robotics (Molbot), to discuss and practice RRI in emerging science. In the case of Molbot, the research community spontaneously set out to create a framework of ethical principles in collaboration with social scientists. This was done by looking at previous similar cases and conducting workshops for the consideration of ELSI in future scenarios. This process of creating and accepting the ethical principles of Molecular Robotics by the community is significant for this field as it shows the appearance of scientific autonomy by Molbot researchers. Furthermore, this process can be regarded as the co-production of knowledge on ELSI and RRI at the early stage of research and development in an interdisciplinary research field and serve as the start of a blueprint for other emerging S&T seeking a favorable relationship with society.
On the Growth of Solutions of Higher Order Linear Homogeneous and Non-homogeneous Differential Equations
Authors: Wu Nan , Xuan Zuxing
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we discuss the growth of meromorphic solutions of some classes of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous differential equations. We will prove that if meromorphic functions $$F, A_j, D_j$$

F
,

A
j

,

D
j

and polynomials $$P_j$$

P
j

with degree $$n\ge 1$$

n
≥
1

$$(j=0,1,\cdots ,k-1)$$

(
j
=
0
,
1
,
⋯
,
k
-
1
)

satisfy some conditions, then the equation $$f^{(k)}+(A_{k-1}e^{P_{k-1}}+D_{k-1})f^{(k-1)}+\cdots +(A_1e^{P_1}+D_1)f'+(A_0e^{P_0}+D_0)f=F(z) (k\ge 2)$$

f

(
k
)

+

(

A

k
-
1

e

P

k
-
1

+

D

k
-
1

)

f

(
k
-
1
)

+
⋯
+

(

A
1

e

P
1

+

D
1

)

f
′

+

(

A
0

e

P
0

+

D
0

)

f
=
F

(
z
)

(
k
≥
2
)

when $$F\equiv 0$$

F
≡
0

, all solutions $$f\not \equiv 0$$

f
≢
0

have infinite order and hyper order $$\sigma _2(f)\ge n$$

σ
2

(
f
)

≥
n

. This is a continue work of [Gan and Sun in Adv. Math. 36(1), 51–60 (2007)] and [Chen and Xu in Electron. J. Qual. Theory Differ. Equ. 1: 1–13 (2009)]
Advice in Conversation
Authors: Põldvere Nele , Felice Rachele De , Paradis Carita
Published: October 2022

This Element is a contribution to a new generation of corpus pragmatics research by taking as its starting point the multifaceted nature of speech acts in conversation, and by adopting a mixed-methods approach. Through a unique combination of theoretical, qualitative, quantitative, and statistical approaches, it provides a detailed investigation of advice-giving and advice uptake in relation to (i) the range of constructions used to give advice in different discourse contexts and at different points in time, and (ii) their interaction with dialogic and social factors of advice uptake as key components of frames of advice exchanges in natural conversation. Using data from the London-Lund Corpora of spoken British English, the Element shows, firstly, that there are systematic differences in advising between discourse contexts over the past half a century, and, secondly, that who gave the advice and how they did it are the strongest predictors of the advisee's response. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Extracellular vesicle isolation, purification and evaluation in cancer diagnosis
Authors: Mortezaee Keywan , Majidpoor Jamal , Fathi Fardin
Published: October 2022

Strategies for non-invasive biomarker discovery in early detection of cancer are an urgent need. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have generated increasing attention from the scientific community and are under intensive investigations due to their unique biological profiles and their non-invasive nature. EVs are membrane-enclosed vesicles with variable sizes and function. Such vesicles are actively secreted from multiple cell types and are considered as key vehicles for inter-cellular communications and signalling. The stability and potential to easily cross biological barriers enable EVs for exerting durable effects on target cells. These along with easy access to such vesicles, the consistent secretion from tumour during all stages of tumorigenesis and their content providing a reservoir of molecules as well as mirroring the identity of the cell of origin are virtues that have made EVs appealing to be assessed in liquid biopsy approaches and for using as a promising resource of biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and therapy and monitoring targeted cancer therapy. Early detection of EVs will guide time-scheduled personalised therapy. Surveying reliable and sensitive methods for rapid isolation of EVs from biofluids, the purity of isolated vesicles and their molecular profiling and marker specification for clinical translation in patients with cancer are issues in the area and the hot topics of many recent studies. Here, the focus is over methods for EV isolation and stratification for digging more information about liquid biopsy-based diagnosis. Extending knowledge regarding EV-based strategies is a key to validate independent patient follow-up for cancer diagnosis at early stages and inspecting the efficacy of therapeutics.
Tort Liability of Private Safety Auditors in Global Value Chains
Authors: Verbruggen Paul
Published: October 2022

Private safety auditors are key constituents of modern risk governance in global value chains (GVCs). However, high-impact safety incidents causing extensive harm inside and outside the chain have cast widespread doubts as to the integrity and rigour with which these commercial auditors carry out their professional services. Civil liability has been considered an important legal instrument to incentivise auditors to improve audit accuracy and integrity. Relying on English law, this article assesses the extent to which this premise holds true for product safety and social auditing. To that end, it studies the liability exposure of private safety auditors for negligent auditing in GVCs. It is argued that this exposure is primarily a function of the contractual obligations these auditors undertake to perform for producers or suppliers in GVCs. This finding draws attention to the need to better understand and define the scope of the safety audits offered for risk management purposes within GVCs.
Bogoliubov theory in the Gross-Pitaevskii limit: a simplified approach
Authors: Hainzl Christian , Schlein Benjamin , Triay Arnaud
Published: October 2022

We show that Bogoliubov theory correctly predicts the low-energy spectral properties of Bose gases in the Gross-Pitaevskii regime. We recover recent results from [6, 7]. While our main strategy is similar to the one developed in [6, 7], we combine it with new ideas, taken in part from [15, 25]; this makes our proof substantially simpler and shorter. As an important step towards the proof of Bogoliubov theory, we show that low-energy states exhibit complete Bose-Einstein condensation with optimal control over the number of orthogonal excitations.
Influence of cross-section shape on energy harvesting from transverse flow-induced vibrations of bluff bodies
Authors: Barrero-Gil A. , Serruys S. , Velazquez A.
Published: October 2022

Hydroelastic experiments have been carried out in a free surface water channel to study the influence of the cross-section shape on the mechanical energy transfer from a uniform flow to a self-excited crossflow oscillating prism. Seventeen cross-section shapes were tested with the same mechanical properties (say, mass ratio and mechanical damping) and aspect ratio. Then, the study was focused on the role of the cross-section shape and reduced velocity on the prism dynamics and energy transfer from the fluid flow. It has been found that the geometric centroid of the semi-cross-section and the afterbody length of the cross-section represent a simple and effective metric to characterise the energy transfer. Two related dimensionless geometric parameters are introduced. The dependence of the energy transfer with these two parameters is studied and used to design successfully ‘in advance’ cross-section shapes with high energy transfer efficiencies. It has been observed from particle image velocimetry measurements that large energy transfer shapes are those in which, under strong oscillations, the flow follows the cross-section contour of one side and is fully detached on the other side.
The application of nature-inspired optimization algorithms on the modern management: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhou Yi , Xia Weili , Dai Jiapeng
Published: October 2022

With the expanding adoption of technology and intelligent applications in every aspect of our life, energy, resource, data, and product management are all improving. So, modern management has recently surged to cope with modern societies. Numerous optimization approaches and algorithms are used to effectively optimize the literature while taking into account its many restrictions. With their dependability and superior solution quality for overcoming the numerous barriers to generation, distribution, integration, and management, nature-inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithms have stood out among these methods. Hence, this article aims to review the application of nature-inspired optimization algorithms to modern management. Besides, the created clusters introduce the top authors in this field. The results showed that nature-inspired optimization algorithms contribute significantly to cost, resource, and energy efficiency. The genetic algorithm is also the most important and widely used method in the previous literature.
Illegal Housing in Medellín: Autoconstruction and the Materiality of Hope
Authors: Moore Adam , Eiró Flávio , Koster Martijn
Published: October 2022

Drawing on ethnographic research in El Oasis, a highly precarious self-built settlement in Medellín, Colombia, this article examines the illegal practice of autoconstruction as a material expression of hope. It focuses on the multilayered, symbolic meaning of self-built housing, as it represents the pursuit of dignity, permanence, and agency—as opposed to poverty, uncertainty, and lack of agency—and an active and material form of hoping for a better future in the city. The state plays an ambiguous role in residents’ perspectives, who conceive of it, simultaneously, as a threat to and a guarantor of their future in the city. This ambiguity becomes materialized in the physical form of residents’ self-built housing, as residents either embrace or refrain from making improvements to their houses in response to shifting perceptions about the state’s intentions regarding the future of the settlement.