bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High post-anthesis temperature effects on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain transcriptome during early grain-filling
Authors: Kino Richard Ian , Pellny Till , Mitchell Rowan Andrew Craig , Gonzalez-Uriarte Asier , Tosi Paola
Published: December 2019

Background: High post-anthesis (p.a) temperatures reduce mature grain weight in wheat. However, the causes of this reduction are not entirely known. Control of grain expansion by the maternally derived pericarp of the grain has previously been suggested, although this interaction has not been investigated under high p.a. temperatures. Down-regulation of pericarp localised genes that regulate cell wall expansion under high p.a. temperatures may limit expansion of the encapsulated endosperm due to a loss of plasticity in the pericarp, reducing mature grain weight. Here the effect of high p.a. temperatures on the transcriptome of the pericarp and endosperm of the wheat grain during early grain-filling was investigated via RNA-Seq and is discussed alongside grain moisture dynamics during early grain development and mature grain weight. Results: High p.a. temperatures applied from 6-days after anthesis (daa) and until 18daa reduced the grain’s ability to accumulate water, with total grain moisture and percentage grain moisture content being significantly reduced from 14daa onwards. Mature grain weight was also significantly reduced by the same high p.a. temperatures applied from 6daa for 4-days or more, in a separate experiment. Comparison of our RNA-Seq data from whole grains, with existing data sets from isolated pericarp and endosperm tissues enabled the identification of subsets of genes whose expression was significantly affected by high p.a. temperature and predominantly expressed in either tissue. Hierarchical clustering and gene ontology analysis resulted in the identification of a number of genes implicated in the regulation of cell wall expansion, predominantly expressed in the pericarp and significantly down-regulated under high p.a. temperatures, including endoglucanase, xyloglucan endotransglycosylases and a β-expansin. An over-representation of genes involved in the ‘cuticle development’ functional pathway that were expressed in the pericarp and affected by high p.a. temperatures was also observed. Conclusions: High p.a. temperature induced down-regulation of genes involved in regulating pericarp cell wall expansion. This concomitant down-regulation with a reduction in total grain moisture content and grain weight following the same treatment period, adds support to the theory that high p.a. temperatures may cause a reduction in mature grain weight as result of decreased pericarp cell wall expansion.
The SPOT GRADE II: Clinical Validation of a New Method for Reproducibly Quantifying Surgical Wound Bleeding
Authors: Spotnitz William , Gaizo Daniel J. Del , Hoffman Rachel W. , Hermann Mark Christopher , Sher Linda S. , Spotnitz Russell H. , Genyk Yuri S. , Schorn Ian J. , Gillen Daniel L. , White Bobby L. , Miller Bruce G. , Manson Roberto J.
Published: December 2019

Background: The SPOT GRADE (SG), a surface bleeding severity scale (SBSS), is a unique visual method for assessing bleeding severity based on quantitative determinations of blood flow. This study assessed the reliability of the SG scale in a clinical setting and collected initial data on the safety and efficacy of HEMOBLAST Bellows (HB), a hemostatic agent, in abdominal and orthopedic operations.Methods: Twenty-seven (27) subjects were enrolled across three (3) centers and received the investigational device. Bleeding severity and hemostasis were independently assessed by two (2) surgical investigators at baseline and at 3, 6, and 10 minutes after application of HB and compared for agreement.Results: The mean paired Kappa statistic for assignment of SG scores was 0.7754. The mean paired Kappa statistics for determining eligibility for participation in the trial based on bleeding severity and the mean paired Kappa statistics determining the presence of hemostasis were 0.9301 and 0.9301, respectively. The proportion of subjects achieving hemostasis within 3, 6, and 10 minutes of HB application were 50.0%, 79.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. There were no unanticipated adverse device effects (UADEs) and one possible serious adverse device effect (SADE), as determined by the Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC).Conclusions: The reliability of the SG scale was validated in a clinical setting. Initial data on the safety and efficacy of HB in abdominal and orthopedic operations were collected and there were no concerns raised by the Investigators or the IDMC.
The Effect of Oral Contraceptive Pills on The Macula, the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, The Ganglion Cell Layer and The Choroidal Thickness
Authors: Shaaban Yasmine Maher , Badran Tamer Abdel-Fattah
Published: December 2019

Background To evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) on the macula, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the ganglion cell layer ( GCL), and the choroidal thickness (CT). Methods In this prospective observational cross-sectional study, 60 eyes of 30 healthy women taking mono phasic OCP (0.03 mg ethinylestradiol and 0.15 mg levonorgestrel) for contraception for at least one year were compared with 60 eyes of a control group of 30 healthy women who were not taking any OCP. Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) was used to evaluate the macula, the RNFL, the GCL, and the CT. Measurements were taken in the follicular phase (day 3) of the last menstrual cycle in all women. The body mass index (BMI) scores of all participants were also recorded. Results No disparity in terms of age and BMI between both groups was observed (p=0.444, p=0.074, respectively). All the macular parameters measurements were considerably lower in the OCP group compared to the control group (p<0.001). Also, the RNFL thickness, the GCL thickness, and the CT were all significantly thinner in the OCP group (p<0.001). Conclusions The use of OCP can cause significant changes in the retina and choroid thickness over one year period. The women who are using OCP for a longer duration could have some eye problems. OCT should be routinely done for follow up. Further long term studies are required, using different preparations of OCP. It is important to find out when this thickness alterations can be clinically significant or symptomatic and if these changes are reversible or not. Keywords Oral Contraceptive, Macula, Nerve fiber, Ganglion, Choroid, Ocular Coherence Tomography.
Testing the Establishment of Eight Forbs in Mowed Lawns of Hard Fescue (Festuca brevipila) for Use in Pollinator Conservation
Authors: Lane Ian G. , Wolfin James , Watkins Eric , Spivak Marla
Published: December 2019

Public concern for the conservation of pollinating insect communities, such as bees, has created demand for more florally diverse landscapes. In urban environments, lawns form a large portion of cultivated land, and are typically managed to exclude flowering species richness. In this study, we investigated the establishment of eight flowering plants with pollinator value (plants that provide floral nectar and pollen for visiting insects) when coseeded with the turfgrass hard fescue (Festuca brevipila Tracey). The study was established as a dormant seeding at two locations in central Minnesota with substantially different soil types. Plots were maintained at either a 6- or 9-cm mowing height. We monitored these plantings over the 2014, 2015, and 2016 growing seasons for vegetative establishment and flowering of planted forbs. Of the eight forbs tested, Trifolium repens L., Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata (W. Bartram) Hultén, Thymus serpyllum auct. non L., and Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. established in at least one location. Mowing height did not affect vegetative establishment, but had a negative effect on the number of blooms produced by P. vulgaris ssp. lanceolata. Vegetative establishment was affected by location, with P. vulgaris ssp. lanceolata establishing in higher abundance in the moist loamy site, whereas T. serpyllum and A. crassicarpus established in higher abundance at the dry sandy site. This study represents an important first step in identifying appropriate plants and management practices for improving lawns as a resource for pollinators.
Controlled-release Fertilizers Improved Croton Growth and Reduced Nitrogen Leaching
Authors: Fernandes de Oliveira Braghin Sueyde , Mello Simone C. , Angelotti-Mendonça Jéssika , Minami Keigo , Li Yuncong C.
Published: December 2019

Fertilizer management is an essential step in the production process, as it allows the plant to use its productive capacity to the fullest extent possible. Researchers have tested maximum nutrient use with reduced losses to the environment aiming to increase productivity with fewer environmental impacts. This study compared the effects of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) with water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) and clear water (control) on the growth and nutrient uptake of croton (Codiaeum variegatum L.) and nitrogen leaching. The experiment was conducted with three replications and six treatments: two rates (1.5 g and 3.0 g per liter of substrate) of two CRFs [Osmocote Plus (15% N, 3.93% P, and 9.96% K) and Basacote (15% N, 3.49% P, and 9.96% K)], WSF, and clean water as control. All CRFs were applied before planting and WSF was supplied as nutrient solution through automated moisture sensor activated irrigation system. Plant growth (number of leaves, leaf area, stem height, root volume, and shoot and root dry weights) and total nutrient contents in the leaf tissue were evaluated every 30 days. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, nitrate, ammonium, and total nitrogen contents were measured in the leached solution. Indeed, results showed that CRFs at a low rate provided similar development and quality of croton plants compared with WSF. Plant growth indicators were similar until 90 days after transplanting (DAT). After that, at 150 DAT, the highest values to number of leaves and leaf area occurred with WSF and with the lowest CRF rate as compared with the other treatments and control. The highest root volume was found with the WSF, which resulted in larger roots compared with the other treatments. These results showed WSF can be replaced by CRFs at low rates on croton growth. Moreover, according to the visual scale, the best treatments were WSF and Basacote at the low rate, where plants were bright, with multicolored leaves with prominent orange shades. However, CRFs maintained pH and EC within the recommended range for the growth of croton and reduced the nitrogen leaching from the pots.
Changes in Growth and Photosynthetic Parameters and Medicinal Compounds in Eleutherococcus senticosus Harms under Drought Stress
Authors: Xu Mingyuan , Wang Yingwei , Wang Qianbo , Guo Shenglei , Liu Yang , Liu Jia , Tang Zhonghua , Wang Zhenyue
Published: December 2019

In this investigation, changes in growth and photosynthetic parameters were used to explain the effects of drought stress on morphology and photosynthesis of Eleutherococcus senticosus. Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectroscopy (MS) was used to determine the content of eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, hyperoside, rutin, and kaempferol under different drought stress conditions to explain the effects of drought stress on secondary metabolism of Eleuthero. Growth and photosynthetic physiological parameters showed that drought stress could inhibit the growth and photosynthesis of Eleuthero. The compounds studied showed the same cumulative trend in various organs of Eleuthero under different drought stress conditions, with the highest content in the moderate drought stress group and the lowest in the severe drought stress group. Among them, the content of eleutheroside B was found to be higher in the 5-year-old stem. The content of eleutheroside E was higher in the 3-year root. The content of isofraxidin was highest in the 5-year-old root. The content of hyperoside, rutin, and kaempferol were higher in the 3-year-old leaves. The results show that a wet soil environment was beneficial to growth and photosynthesis of Eleutherococcus senticosus, and moderate drought stress is conducive to the accumulation of its active ingredients.
Beyond organic matter: the world of soil carbon
Authors: Straathof Angela
Published: December 2019

Organic matter (OM) is perhaps the best and most routinely measured indicator of a soil's capacity to support yields and sustain net benefit agroecosystem services. But OM is a broad‐brush measurement; total OM between soil types can vary in its quality. This article explores this variability as well as what, when, and how to measure OM. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/704.
Educational data mining: A tutorial for the rattle package in R
Authors: BULUT Okan , YAVUZ Hatice Cigdem
Published: December 2019

Educational
data mining (EDM) has been a rapidly growing research field over the last
decade and enabled researchers to discover patterns and trends in education
with more sophisticated methods. EDM offers promising solutions to complex
educational problems. Given the rapid increase in the availability of big data
in education and software programs to analyze big data, the demand for
user-friendly, free software programs to implement EDM methods also continues
to increase. The R programming language has become a popular environment for
data mining due to its availability and flexibility. The rattle package
in R contains a set of functions to implement data mining with a graphical user
interface. This study demonstrates three widely used data mining algorithms
(classification and regression tree, random forest, and support vector machine)
in EDM using real data from the 2015 administration of the Programme for
International Student Assessment (PISA). First, a brief introduction to EDM is
provided along with the description of the selected data mining algorithms.
Then, how to perform data mining analysis using the rattle’s graphical user interface is demonstrated. The
study concludes by comparing the results of the selected data mining algorithms
and highlighting how those algorithms can be utilized in the context of
educational research.
Impact of macroeconomic factors and political events on the market index returns at Palestine and Amman Stock Markets (2011–2017)
Authors: Jabarin Mai , Nour Abdulnaser , Atout Sameh
Published: December 2019

This study aims to investigate the effect of macroeconomic factors on Palestine and Amman Stock Exchange returns. Also, the study handles the political events in the area and their impact on Palestine and Amman stock markets returns. This study applied the macro-econometric model based on Arbitrage Pricing Theory. In addition, the most important political events are selected, and their effect was tested using the event study methodology. The results show that the consumer price index, gross domestic product, and exchange rate have a significant impact on stock index returns, but industrial production index and balance of trade have no significant effect. In addition, the results reveal that the political events have a significant effect on Palestine and Amman stock markets returns. For instance, at Palestine Stock Exchange, seven out of eleven events had a significant impact on the Palestinian general index returns. Regarding the Amman Stock Exchange, there were nine out of eleven events, which had a significant impact on the Jordanian general index returns. The main results show that the macroeconomic factors and political events have a significant impact on the Palestine and Amman stock market returns. Both Palestine and Amman Stock Markets are inefficient and the markets do not absorb uncertain information and noisy events.
Prospective and territorial development in island areas: empirical evidence from Bocachica-Colombia
Authors: Del Rio Cortina Jorge , Rodríguez Arias Carlos , López Espitia Naomi , Cardona Arbeláez Diego
Published: December 2019

The objective of this article is the construction of future stages in the framework of territorial development for the Island of Bocachica in Colombia through collective construction among state community and participating researchers that was intended to provide the territory inputs for reflection on the future of the Island, from its historical vocation and economic development of the island. Three methods were used: structural analysis, analysis of actors, and construction of stages. The first allowed to identify the key factors in the political, economic, social, and environmental dimensions, highlighting those key variables that dynamize the transformations in the system; secondly, the analysis of actors, which contributed to determining the relations between the key actors of the territory and their degree of power, as well as their convergences and divergences with respect to the key variables identified in the structural analysis. Finally, the construction of stages made it possible to identify three future scenarios with high probability of occurrence. The most important findings of the research show that, if the trend continues in the Island with respect to its territorial development, it is more likely that the economic and social problems it currently presents will continue.
Impact of future climate change on water supply and irrigation demand in a small mediterranean catchment. Case study: Nebhana dam system, Tunisia
Authors: Allani M. , Mezzi R. , Zouabi A. , Béji R. , Joumade-Mansouri F. , Hamza M. E. , Sahli A.
Published: December 2019

This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on water supply and demand of the Nebhana dam system. Future climate change scenarios were obtained from five general circulation models (GCMs) of CMIP5 under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios for the time periods, 2021–2040, 2041–2060 and 2061–2080. Statistical downscaling was applied using LARS-WG. The GR2M hydrological model was calibrated, validated and used as input to the WEAP model to assess future water availability. Expected crop growth cycle lengths were estimated using a growing degree days model. By means of the WEAP-MABIA method, projected crop and irrigation water requirements were estimated. Results show an average increase in annual ETo of 6.1% and a decrease in annual rainfall of 11.4%, leading to a 24% decrease in inflow. Also, crops' growing cycles will decrease from 5.4% for wheat to 31% for citrus trees. The same tendency is observed for ETc. Concerning irrigation requirement, variations are more moderated depending on RCPs and time periods, and is explained by rainfall and crop cycle duration variations. As for demand and supply, results currently show that supply does not meet the system demand. Climate change could worsen the situation unless better planning of water surface use is done.
Development and adoption of wastewater treatment system for peri-urban agriculture in Multan, Pakistan
Authors: Kanwar Rana Muhammad Asif , Khan Zahid Mahmood , Farid Hafiz Umar
Published: December 2019

The present research was conducted to assess the feasibility of biological treatment of a typical wastewater (WW) stream in Multan, Pakistan, using daily trends of WW characteristics and to design a wastewater treatment (WWT) system for that stream. The pH (5.8–6.2), temperature (24–30 °C), biological oxygen demand (BOD5: 128–265 mg/L), ultimate BOD (BODu: 227–438 mg/L), BOD/total Kjeldahl nitrogen (BOD5/TKN:5.9–11.2), BODu/BOD5 (1.6–2.0), carbonaceous BODu/nitrogenous BODu (CBODu/NBODu:1.6–2.8) of the WW was found to support the biological WWT. The inclusion of NBOD also indicated the need for nitrification-denitrification. The linear regression analysis of volatile suspended solids (VSS) with total suspended solids (TSS) indicated the high content of organic solids, which also made the WW suitable for biological treatment. The BOD/COD (chemical oxygen demand) <0.8 indicated the requirement for biomass acclimation. The major process units of the WWT system developed included a primary clarifier, cascade aeration, trickling filter, adsorption filter and chlorination contact tank. During the validation of design procedures, considerable removal of TSS (91%), TDS (46%), BOD5 (88%), COD (87%) was observed over the 15 week operational period of the secondary WWT system. The WWT system developed was appropriate as a sustainable WWT system that consumed less energy and had lower operational costs.
Melanoma: Prognostic Factors and Factors Predictive of Response to Therapy
Authors: Strudel Martina , Festino Lucia , Vanella Vito , Beretta Massimiliano , Marincola Francesco M. , Ascierto Paolo A.
Published: December 2019

Background:

A better understanding of prognostic factors and biomarkers that predict response
to treatment is required in order to further improve survival rates in patients with melanoma.

Predictive Biomarkers:

The most important histopathological factors prognostic of worse outcomes in
melanoma are sentinel lymph node involvement, increased tumor thickness, ulceration and higher mitotic
rate. Poorer survival may also be related to several clinical factors, including male gender, older
age, axial location of the melanoma, elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and S100B.

Predictive Biomarkers:

Several biomarkers have been investigated as being predictive of response to
melanoma therapies. For anti-Programmed Death-1(PD-1)/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1)
checkpoint inhibitors, PD-L1 tumor expression was initially proposed to have a predictive role in response
to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. However, patients without PD-L1 expression also have a survival
benefit with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, meaning it cannot be used alone to select patients for
treatment, in order to affirm that it could be considered a correlative, but not a predictive marker. A
range of other factors have shown an association with treatment outcomes and offer potential as predictive
biomarkers for immunotherapy, including immune infiltration, chemokine signatures, and tumor
mutational load. However, none of these have been clinically validated as a factor for patient selection.
For combined targeted therapy (BRAF and MEK inhibition), lactate dehydrogenase level and tumor
burden seem to have a role in patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

With increasing knowledge, the understanding of melanoma stage-specific prognostic
features should further improve. Moreover, ongoing trials should provide increasing evidence on the
best use of biomarkers to help select the most appropriate patients for tailored treatment with immunotherapies
and targeted therapies.
How to Sterilize 3D Printed Objects for Surgical Use? An Evaluation of the Volumetric Deformation of 3D-Printed Genioplasty Guide in PLA and PETG after Sterilization by Low-Temperature Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Plasma
Authors: Oth Olivier , Dauchot César , Orellana Maria , Glineur Régine
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

In the present time, there is rapid development in the application of 3D printing technology in surgery. One of the challenges encountered by the surgeon is the sterilization of these 3D-printed objects for use in the operating room.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-two identical cutting guides used for genioplasty were 3D-printed: twenty-one in Polylactic acid (PLA) and twenty-one in Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). The guides were CT scanned after printing. They were then sterilized with the low-temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma technique (Sterrad®). A CT scan of the guides was also performed at T1 (after printing) and T2 (after sterilization). A software (Cloudcompare ®) was then used to accurately compare the volume of each guide at T0 (the initial computer-aided designed guide) vs T1 and T1 vs T2. Statistical analysis was then performed.

Results:

Although there are differences that are statistically significant for each series between T0 and T2 and T1 and T2 for both PLA and PETG, this had no impact on the clinical use of sterilized objects using hydrogen peroxide sterilization technique because these morphological differences were minimal at less than 0.2mm.

Conclusion:

Morphological deformations induced by the hydrogen peroxide sterilization are sub-millimeter and acceptable for surgical use. The hydrogen peroxide sterilization is, therefore, an alternative to avoid the deformation of 3D-printed objects made from PLA and PETG during conventional steam sterilization (autoclave). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study regarding the morphologic deformation of 3D-printed objects in PLA and PETG after sterilization for medical use.
Analysis of Raspberry Ketone in Nutraceutical Formulation Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Aboul-Enein Hassan Y. , Antochi Oana Mihaela , Nechifor Gheorghe , Bunaciu Andrei A.
Published: December 2019

Aims:

A Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometric method was developed for the rapid, direct measurement of Raspberry Ketone (RK) and Caffeine (CAF) in a nutraceutical formulation.

Methods:

Conventional KBr-spectra and KBr+0.5 mg Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)-spectra were used as the basis for a better determination of active substances in the nutraceutical formulation. A calibration model was developed using caffeine and raspberry ketone standards of varying concentrations in the mid-infrared region (4000-400 cm-1). The Beer-Lambert law was used in data processing.

Results:

The results indicate that FT-IR spectrometry is applicable to the analytical quantification of RK and CAF in the nutraceutical formulation.

Conclusion:

The method proposed is simple, precise and not time-consuming compared to the chromatographic methods that are cited in the literature. Quantification is performed in about 10-15 minutes, including sample preparation and spectral acquisition.
Exhaust Emission Characteristics of a Three-Wheeler Auto Diesel Engine Fueled with Pongamia, Mahua and Jatropha Biodiesels
Authors: Prasadarao Bobbili , Kolakoti Aditya , Sekhar Pudi
Published: December 2019

Background:

In India, three-wheeler auto diesel engines are also known as autorickshaw,
play a vital role in day to day transportation. On the other hand, it pumps huge amount of harmful
exhaust emissions into the atmosphere. As per the study by European Union 1% of India’s over two
billion tonnes of annual vehicular CO2 emissions are from autorickshaws.

Objective:

To address the issue of high exhaust emissions from diesel engine, this paper has proposed
Pongamia (PME), Mahua (PME) and Jatropha (JME) biodiesels as an alternative fuel.

Methods:

Biodiesel is produced by transesterification process; exhaust emissions analysis is carried
out on a single cylinder four stroke three-wheeler auto diesel engine at constant speed of 1500rpm.
Diesel as a reference fuel and cent percent of PME, MME, and JME as an alternative fuel.

Results:

Exhaust emissions reveals that there is a maximum reduction of Unburnt Hydrocarbons
(UHC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), NOx, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and smoke compared to diesel fuel.
At maximum load the NOx emission reduced by 18.41% for JME, 17.46% for MME and 7.61% for
PME. Low levels of CO emissions are recorded for JME (66%) followed by MME (33%) and PME
(22%). UHC were reduced by 85.75% for JME, MME and for PME 14.28% reduction is observed.
Smoke emissions are also reduced for PME and MME by 18.84%, for JME 14.49%.

Conclusion:

It is observed that all the methyl esters exhibit significant reduction in harmful exhaust
emissions compared to diesel fuel and jatropha biodiesel is noted as a better choice.
A Cluster Analysis Method of Software Development Activities Based on Event Log
Authors: Tang MingJing , Li Tong , Zhu Rui , Ma ZiFei
Published: December 2019

Background:

Event log data generated in the software development process contains historical
information and future trends in software development activities. The mining and analysis of
event log data contribute to identify and discover software development activities and provide effective
support for software development process mining and modeling.

Methods:

Firstly, a deep learning model (Word2vec) was used for feature extraction and vectorization
of software development process event logs. Then, the K-means clustering algorithm and measure
of silhouette coefficient and intra-cluster SSE were used for clustering and clustering effect
evaluation of vectorized software development process event logs.

Results:

This paper obtained the mapping relationship between software development activities and
events, and realized the identification and discovery of software development activities.

Conclusion:

Two practical software development projects (jEdit and Argouml) are given to prove
the feasibility, rationality and effectiveness of our proposed method. This work provides effective
support for software development process mining and software development behavior guidance.
Inspirations from Nature for Meta-Heuristic Algorithms: A Survey
Authors: Sachan Rohit K. , Kushwaha Dharmender S.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Nature-Inspired Algorithms (NIAs) are the most efficient way to solve advanced
engineering and real-world optimization problems. Since the last few decades, various researchers
have proposed an immense number of NIAs. These NIAs get inspiration from natural phenomenon.
A young researcher attempting to undertake or solve a problem using NIAs is bogged
down by a plethora of proposals that exist today. Not every algorithm is suited for all kinds of problem.
Some scores over others.

Objective:

This paper presents a comprehensive study of seven NIAs, which have new and unique
inspirations. This study shall useful to easily understand the fundamentals of NIAs for any new entrant.

Conclusion:

Here, we classify the NIAs as natural evolution based, swarm intelligence based, biological
based, science based and others. In this survey, well-establish and relatively new NIAs,
namely- Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA), Firefly Algorithm (FA), Gravitational Search
Algorithm (GSA), Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA), Jaya Algorithm
and Anti-Predatory NIA (APNIA), have been studied. This study presents a theoretical perspective
of NIAs in a simplified form based on its source of inspiration, mathematical formulations,
control parameters, features, variants and area of application, where these algorithms have been successfully
applied.
Non-Targeted Metabolomics Signature in the Plasma and Bone Marrow of Patients with Long Bone Injuries
Authors: Ibrahim Hend , Alnachoukati Omar , Baxter Bridget A. , Chapin Trinette , Schroeppel Thomas , Dunn Julie , Ryan Elizabeth P.
Published: December 2019

Background:

The contribution of long bone injury and reaming to the inflammatory response of trauma is unknown.

Introduction:

This study evaluated whether metabolomics can be used to (1) reveal differences in the plasma from long bone injury trauma patients before and after reaming and (2) distinguish healthy adult plasma from that of trauma patients.

Methods:

Prospective cohort study with enrollment from February 17, 2017 to December 5, 2017 included 15 patients with long bone injuries and 20 healthy adults. Patients with femoral or tibial fractures scheduled to undergo intramedullary nailing were identified at the Medical Center of the Rockies, (Loveland, Co), and Memorial Hospital, (Colorado Springs, CO). Pre-and post-reaming plasma and bone marrow from fifteen patients with femoral and tibial fractures and 20 heathy adult plasma were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS).

Results:

Trauma patients had 1259 plasma metabolites and healthy adults had 1272 plasma metabolites detected. Fifty percent (657 metabolites) were common between the bone marrow and plasma profiles, and 304 metabolites showed statistical significance for differential abundance between pre- and post-reaming (P<0.05). Post-ream lipids, fatty acids and ceramides were 1.09-1.46-fold increased and diacylglycerols were 0.73-0.82-fold decreased compared to the pre-ream patient control. Post-ream tryptophan metabolites were decreased 0.84-fold, whereas cysteine metabolites were elevated 1.42-fold. Metabolite signals associated with bone matrix remodeling, stress and inflammation were modulated in all patients.

Conclusion:

Plasma metabolite signatures changed in long bone fracture patients pre- and post-reaming showing distinct profiles from healthy adults without trauma injury. Metabolite signatures of long bone trauma patients have an inflammatory response reflective of healing cascades and merits additional testing for markers of individualized responses to injury.
Effect of use of regional financial management information systems on individual performance in BPKAD Sikka Regency
Authors: Jaeng Wihelmina Maryetha Yulia , Suardikha I Made Sadha , Budiasih I. G. A. N.
Published: December 2019

The Regional Financial Management Information System (SIPKD) is an integrated application that is used as a tool for the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Sikka Regency in carrying out financial management activities so that it is able to produce financial reports of the local government. Testing the measurement of SIPKD success using the DeLone and McLean (2003) models. This study examines the effect of collaboration quality, information quality, system quality on the use of SIPKD and the effect of using SIPKD on individual quality. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with criteria for all SIPKD users in BPKAD Sikka Regency, as many as 51 people. Data collection using a questionnaire distributed to BPKAD Sikka Regency. Data analysis using Partial Least Square 3.2.8. The results showed that the quality of collaboration, information quality, system quality has a positive effect on the use of SIPKD. The use of SIPKD has a positive effect on individual performance.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KARAKTER SISWA SMA DALAM PERMAINAN BOLA BASKET MELALUI MODEL TPSR
Authors: Nurina Titis , Sukoco Pamuji
Published: December 2019

Pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani dalam model TPSR lebih menekankan pada kondisi siswa dan pendekatannya juga berorientasi kepada aktualisasi diri dan rekonstruksi sosial siswa di dalam pembelajaran permainan bola basket. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan karakter tanggung jawab, kerja sama, dan percaya diri siswa putri kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta dengan model TPSR dalam pembelajaran permainan bola basket. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah seluruh siswa putri kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Muhammadiyah 3 yang berjumlah sembilan siswa. Analisis data menggunakan analisis diskriptif, kualitatif, dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran TPSR dapat meningkatkan karakter tanggung jawab dan kerja sama dalam pembel-ajaran permainan bola basket yang berdampak pada kepercayaan diri siswa putri kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta yang dapat dilihat dari peningkatan nilai keterampilan psikomotor, kognitif, dan afektif siswa. Kata Kunci: TPSR, karakter, permainan bola basket
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PERMAINAN RINTANGAN (HANDICAP GAMES) UNTUK LATIHAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI ANAK USIA 10-12 TAHUN
Authors: Juniarta Tonang , Siswantoyo Siswantoyo
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model permainan rintangan untuk latihan kebugaran jasmani anak usia 10-12 tahun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang mengadaptasi model dari Borg dan Gall (1983), dengan tujuh tahap yaitu: (1) pengumpulan informasi, (2) analisis kebu-tuhan, (3) produk awal, (4) validiasi ahli dan revisi, dan (5) uji coba skala kecil dan revisi, (6) uji coba skala besar, dan (7) produk akhir. Uji coba skala kecil dilakukan terhadap 40 anak di SD Negeri 1 Klaten. Uji coba skala besar dilakukan terhadap 120 di SD Negeri 2 Klaten dan SD Negeri 4 Klaten. Instrumen pengumpulan: (1) pedoman wawancara, (2) skala nilai, (3) pedoman observasi permainan, (4) pedoman observasi keefektifan permainan. Teknik analisis data adalah deskritif kualitatif dan kuantitaif. Hasil penelitian ini berupa buku pedoman pelaksanaan model permainan rintangan. Adapun permainan ini terdiri dari 11 variasi permainan rintangan yang disusun berdasarkan prinsip tumbuh kembang anak, teori ber-main, dan teori latihan kebugaran jasmani. Model permainan rintangan ini terdiri dari: (a) berguling samping dilanjutkan dengan lari lurus sejauh 10 meter, (b) lari cepat berjarak 10 m melewati rintangan kardus yang disusun bervariasi, (c) merobohkan semua cone yang berada di dalam area, (d) berlari zig-zag melintasi rintangan cone, (e) berlari melintasi rintangan papan titian, (f) walking on the moon menggunakan papan titian, (g) berlari memindahkan bola dengan shuttle run membentuk angka delapan jarak 5 m melewati rintangan tiang pancang, (h) lompat satu kaki melewati lingkaran, (i) pole flying, (j) lari balok, dan (k) mengumpulkan cone dengan warna yang sesuai dengan petunjuk yang diterima. Dari hasil penilaian para ahli materi dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa model permainan rintangan yang dikembangkan sangat baik untuk latihan kebugaran jasmani anak usia 10-12 tahun sehingga model permainan layak digunakan. Kata Kunci: model permainan rintangan (handicap games), kebugaran jasmani usia 10-12 tahun.
MODEL PERMAINAN TEMATIK INTEGRATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI, MENGENAL HURUF DAN ANGKA ANAK TK
Authors: Asriansyah Asriansyah , Suharjana Suharjana
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model permainan bagi anak TK untuk meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani, mengenal huruf, dan angka. Langkah-langkah penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah: (1) potensi dan masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4), validasi desain, (5) revisi desain, (6) uji coba produk, (7) revisi produk, (8) uji coba produk, (9) revisi produk, dan (10) produksi masal. Uji coba penelitian dilakukan di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Karangmalang, TK Nasional Samirono, dan TK Kartini Karanggayam berjumlah 57 anak. Teknik anlisis data yakni analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan enam macam model permainan yakni: (1) permainan Kupu-kupu Terbang, (2) permainan Lompat Kelinci, (3) permainan Pesawat Terbang, (4) permainan Lompat Balok, (5) permainan Ular dan Katak, dan (6) permainan Jalan Kepiting. Hasil penilaian para pakar dan praktisi menyimpulkan, model permainan tematik integratif sangat baik digunakan di TK. Kata Kunci: permainan, kebugaran jasmani, huruf, angka
PENGEMBANGAN TARGET NET SEBAGAI ALAT PEMBELAJARAN PUKULAN BULUTANGKIS DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Hidayat Afif Khoirul , Rachman Hari Amirullah
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menghasilkan alat target net untuk memudahkan peserta didik SMP memelajari dan meningkatkan kemampuan teknik dasar pukulan net, smash, drive, dan short serve. Dalam penelitian pengembangan ini, langkah-langkah yang harus ditempuh meliputi: (1) potensi dan masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi desain dan instrument, (5) revisi desain, (6) uji coba produk, (7) revisi, dan (8) produksi/implementasi produk. Uji coba penelitian dilakukan terhadap 168 peserta didik dari SMP se-Kecamatan Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari teknik analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif dan teknik analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah produk alat pembelajaran target net dan buku manual target net yang memiliki kualitas yang sangat baik. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan diperolehnya rerata persentase skor penilaian kualitas produk alat pembelajaran dan buku manual target net sebesar 98,66%.   DEVELOP TARGET NET AS A TOOL FOR SHOT LEARNING IN BADMINTON AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL   Abstract This research aims to produce and develop target net tools in facilitating JHS students to improve the basic techniques of net shots, smashes, drives, dan short serves. This research and development study follows the steps of: (1) the potential and problems identification, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) the design and validation of the instrumen, (5) revision of the design, (6) product trials, (7) revision, and (8) production/implementation of the product. The trials were conducted to 168 students from JSH in Piyungan districts, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The technique of data analysis is descriptive quantitative analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of this research is a learning tool of target net product and manual book of the target product, that have a very good quality.  Which is proved by the average percentage quality assessment score of the learning tools and manuals targeted net being 98.66%. Key words: development, target net, badminton, junior high school
Age Assessment of Youth and Young Adults Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Knee: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Dallora Ana Luiza , Berglund Johan Sanmartin , Brogren Martin , Kvist Ola , Diaz Ruiz Sandra , Dübbel André , Anderberg Peter
Published: December 2019

Background

Bone age assessment (BAA) is an important tool for diagnosis and in determining the time of treatment in a number of pediatric clinical scenarios, as well as in legal settings where it is used to estimate the chronological age of an individual where valid documents are lacking. Traditional methods for BAA suffer from drawbacks, such as exposing juveniles to radiation, intra- and interrater variability, and the time spent on the assessment. The employment of automated methods such as deep learning and the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can address these drawbacks and improve the assessment of age.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to propose an automated approach for age assessment of youth and young adults in the age range when the length growth ceases and growth zones are closed (14-21 years of age) by employing deep learning using MRI of the knee.

Methods

This study carried out MRI examinations of the knee of 402 volunteer subjects—221 males (55.0%) and 181 (45.0%) females—aged 14-21 years. The method comprised two convolutional neural network (CNN) models: the first one selected the most informative images of an MRI sequence, concerning age-assessment purposes; these were then used in the second module, which was responsible for the age estimation. Different CNN architectures were tested, both training from scratch and employing transfer learning.

Results

The CNN architecture that provided the best results was GoogLeNet pretrained on the ImageNet database. The proposed method was able to assess the age of male subjects in the range of 14-20.5 years, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.793 years, and of female subjects in the range of 14-19.5 years, with an MAE of 0.988 years. Regarding the classification of minors—with the threshold of 18 years of age—an accuracy of 98.1% for male subjects and 95.0% for female subjects was achieved.

Conclusions

The proposed method was able to assess the age of youth and young adults from 14 to 20.5 years of age for male subjects and 14 to 19.5 years of age for female subjects in a fully automated manner, without the use of ionizing radiation, addressing the drawbacks of traditional methods.
3D Modeling and Volume Estimation of Riverbed Layers Based on Sub Bottom Profiler Measurement Data
Authors: Rahili Nurkhalis Rahili , Cahyono Bambang Kun
Published: December 2019

The river is one of the transportation routes for human beings, as well as the pipelines for oil and gas distribution, or as power cable lines and communications networks. In order to not disturb the pipe or cable due to the activity of the ship through the river, it is necessary to study the sediment from the river. This study aims to determine the type of sediment, the thickness of the sediment, the depth of sediment, and volume of the sediment itself. It can be done with acoustic measurements.The measurement of the acoustic survey in this activity uses a sub bottom profiler Strata Box HD type Chirp. By using this tool, it can obtain sediment layer up to a certain depth. The result of the measurement will be interpreted to obtain the travel time of the acoustic wave as it reflected on the sediment layer. The travel time than processed and corrected with the tidal measurement data which made over 14 days to obtain the actual depth value from the result with the sub bottom profiler. The depth data then were quality tested based on reference IHO SP-44 2008 at order 1a.This activity produces a 3D model of river layer, depth profile and sediment layer volume estimation. The result of the quality tested obtained corrected depth data has met the established standards of order 1a IHO SP-44 2008. Using a 95% confidence level, the test results in the first layer is 0.271 m with an error tolerance at 0.510 m. For the second layer has a data quality test results 0.491 m with a tolerance at 0.521 m. The result of depth profile is a long section and cross section. The long section indicates that in the deflection of the river area there is a steep decline compared to the area before and after the river deflection. In addition, the river deflection area has a thinner sedimentary layer. The volume estimation of sediment layers obtained in the area of the activity is 4932752.739 m3.
Study of the Impact of the Growth of Settlement Areas Against Decreased Capacity of Shallow Aquifer and Groundwater in Semarang City (2014-2017)
Authors: Prasetyo Yudo
Published: December 2019

The growth of urban areas dominated by residential and industrial land cover will encourage the high use of clean water and land loading (compaction due to building loads). The use of water in people's daily lives and industrial activities still relies on nature, namely in the form of groundwater or aquifers. Continuous water collection, especially in big cities in Indonesia, will have a negative impact on the environment which results in changes in the environment itself. Environmental changes due to the impact of taking water that might occur are land subsidence (LS). For this reason, this study will examine the relationship of the impact of the development of residential areas in the city of Semarang on the decline of shallow aquifer capacity (SAC) and LS.Observation of changes in KAD in this study was observed in the type of shallow aquifer using shallow wells (MAT) data. Whereas for observing land subsidence using the PS InSAR method. For the growth of the residential area of Semarang, it will be focused on the land cover of residential areas in the 2014-2017 period. The overlapping method is used to correlate the effect of changes in KAD and PMT in Semarang City.PS InSAR processing results obtained an average value of average land subsidence per year with a range of 0 ± 3.4 cm to 4.5 ± 3.4 cm and the results of processing obtained the largest land subsidence information found in the District of North Semarang, East Semarang, West Semarang, Pedurungan and Genuk. The change in KAD in the amount of 60% to> a decrease of> 80% occurred in Genuk Sub-District, North Semarang, West Semarang, Pedurungan, Gayamsari. Whereas settlements with population levels based on land use classification maps for settlements are in Genuk, West Semarang, Gayamsari, Pedurungan, Tembalang, and Banyumanik Districts