bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complaints of land and mortgage register court judgments
Authors: Góra-Błaszczykowska Agnieszka
Published: March 2022

The article analyses the ways of appealing against judgments issued by the land and mortgage register court. The lodging of appeals always extends the proceedings aimed at obtaining a legally binding entry in the land and mortgage register. From the perspective of real estate participants, it is also necessary to mention that the elimination of an entry in the register may also take place by bringing an action regarding the property right for which the land and mortgage register is kept. A common court judgement may also have the effect of making an entry in the land and mortgage register with a content different than that resulting from the examination of the application for entry, and then the means of appealing against it, by the land and mortgage register court.
Realisation of a mortgage on a mortgage claim (subintabulate – a mortgage on a claim already secured with another mortgage)
Authors: Dalkowska Maria
Published: March 2022

The creation of a subintabulate guarantees the holder a greater scope of rights than in the case of a mortgage encumbering an object other than the mortgage claim. Subintabulate is an effective security because there are several ways to realize it. The primary way to realize a subintabulate is to monetize its object during court enforcement proceedings. This is the only example of a mortgage where enforcement proceedings are conducted on the basis of regulations other than those that govern the execution of a mortgage on real estate. Subintabulary is effected by cashing in the mortgage claim which, from the perspective of an enforcing creditor, has more advantages than cashing in real estate. The legislator also gives the sub-intabulatory creditor of a mortgage on a mortgage claim special rights, which are subject to actualization upon fulfillment of the conditions specified in the act. Consequently, the sub-intabulated creditor has three ways of exercising the sub-intabulate.
Developer agreement - the beginning of the period for finding defects in a building
Authors: Tomczak Tomasz
Published: March 2022

The article considers the issue what moment/moments shall be deemed as the beginning of the period for finding defects in one of the objects obtained under the developer agreement, i.e., a building. In order to properly analyze the indicated problem, the following structure has been adopted. As part of the preliminary issues, it was presented what should be considered as the subject of a developer agreement, how a developer contract should be legally qualified and how the deadline for finding a defect differs from the deadline for reporting it. Then, it was considered when the deadline for finding defects in a building begins to run. The study ends with a short summary.
Premises for obtaining a public legal title to use the property under Art. 124 of the Real Property Administration Act
Authors: Pracka Małgorzata
Published: March 2022

The decision issued pursuant to Art. 124 of the Real Property Administrationt Act has the character of a special regulation, as it leads to the limitation of the constitutionally protected right to property. The admissibility of using this institution is connected with the necessity to realization a public purpose investment which is reflected in planning documents. Obtaining
a public legal title to use the real estate depends on the obligation to conduct negotiations with the owner of the real estate and the payment of compensation in case of damage. These legal regulations are an expression of protection of the owner's rights against uncontrolled violation of his rights. Therefore, it is extremely important to assess whether the conditions for the application of this institution have been done.
Legal definition of land, buildings and structures for purposes of economic activity (a revised definition)
Authors: Borszowski Paweł , Winiarski Krzysztof
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the legal definition of land, buildings and structures related to running a business. The analysis of this definition considered the principle of tax law certainty and the external values of the legal system. The hypothesis is that the shape of this definition, in the present realities of socio-economic reality, does not serve the implementation of the indicated roles. It also means an extended application of this definition. The authors therefore propose the introduction of a new definition in this regard. The authors therefore propose introducing a new definition in this area.
Controversies around real estate tax on wind farms
Authors: Tetłak Karolina
Published: March 2022

The real estate tax covers, inter alia, structures, including construction parts of technical devices. Under this tax, it turned out to be problematic to determine whether, in the case of a wind farm, the subject of taxation is the entire plant or only its construction parts: foundations and a tower or a mast. The aim of the article is to present, using the example of wind farms, the problems and effects of constructing a tax norm in relation to buildings, taking into account the changing definitions contained in the provisions of the construction law. The article proves that in the case of wind farms, the lack of separate, autonomous definitions of legal concepts closely related to the subject of taxation of real estate tax and the use of regulations of a fundamentally different nature and purposes than fiscal through changes in the construction law results in the introduction of inconsistent and seriously questionable regulations, violating the constitutional principles of proper legislation.
Changes of real estate enforcement proceedings during and after the epidemic
Authors: Zieliński Grzegorz
Published: March 2022

Legal regulations and related restrictions were introduced mainly to protect debtors whose economic situation has suddenly deteriorated due to the outbreak of the pandemic. The purpose of this article is to analyze the changes relating to enforcement proceedings, i.e. those relating to foreclosure, in legal terms.
The Polish legislator suspended the housing evictions during the epidemic threat or pandemic state declared due to COVID-19, referring to Art. 15zzu of the Act of March 2, 2020. In addition, by the Act of May 14, 2020, the so-called Shield 3.0, legislative provisions were enacted that significantly influenced the course of real estate enforcement proceedings. Art. 9521, which relates to the execution of an execution against a dwelling or a plot of land developed with a residential building, serving the purpose of satisfying the debtor's housing needs. This provision authorizes the creditor to apply for the auction of a dwelling, provided that the amount of the enforced amount is at least 1/20 of the estimated amount. This also applies to a situation where real estate bailiff enforcement is carried out by several creditors. According to this article, such an auction of real estate is not carried out during an epidemic emergency or epidemic state and 90 days after its end.
Therefore, the legislator does not deprive the creditor of the right to recover his debts, but he must consider delays in repayment. Currently, the Ministry of Justice and bailiffs introduce regulations enabling e-auctioning of real estate. The regulations will give the opportunity to significantly speed up the procedure.
Selected topics concerning the rules of representation of parishes of the Catholic Church in the disposal of real estate
Authors: Cieśla Witold , Pawlyta Adam
Published: March 2022

In jurisprudence, in cases where the parties are subjects of canon law, it is necessary to take into account their specific situation, which is the circumstance of being subject to two legal orders at the same time. Regardless of how the relationship between civil law and canon law is shaped, it is necessary to take into account the fact of being subject also to canon law. The legal situation of such an entity is determined by two legal orders at the same time. The question whether the internal norms binding within the organisational structure of the Catholic Church have an impact on the validity of legal transactions connected with the management of church property is of primary importance for the resolution of the case. A similar problem has already been considered by the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court. The purpose of this article is to put in order the positions presented in the above-mentioned scope.
Three-dimensional (3D) property - outline of the concept of the zoning in Polish civil law
Authors: Zaradkiewicz Kamil
Published: March 2022

The analysis concerns different legal institutions functioning in various legal systems under the name of "three-dimensional property" (3D-Property). It also covers the existing proposals for the regulation of this institution, currently unknown to Polish civil law. Being an exception to the rule of superficies solo cedit, the so-called ‘strata ownership’ would require significant changes to the regulations governing the subject of ownership and other rights in rem, as well as the adjustment of the relations between the owner of ‘space’ and objects within it and the owner of the land. In this regard, possible constructions were presented, recalling the innovative and original solutions that were proposed in codification works in the 1930s.
Analiza techniczna jako metoda prognozowania ruchów cenowych instrumentów finansowych na przykła-dzie Sanok Rubber Company S.A.
Authors: Hańczyk Anna
Published: March 2022

Rynek kapitałowy jest rynkiem regulowanym stanowiącym istotny element gospodarki kraju. Dokonuje się na nim transakcji kupna i sprzedaży papierów wartościowych, między innymi akcji i obligacji różnych spółek notowanych na giełdzie. Dla uczestników handlu istotnym elementem dokonywania decyzji inwestycyjnych jest prognozowanie ruchów ceny tak, by w oparciu o uzyskane informacje podjąć najkorzystniejszą decyzję. Celem artykułu było zbada-nie zastosowania podstawowych narzędzi analizy technicznej w oparciu o wykresy cenowe spółki Sanok Rubber Company S.A. Interpretacja badanych wykresów świecowych ukazała, iż wnikliwa analiza techniczna pozwala na wyszukiwanie korzystnych okazji na zawarcie transakcji kupna lub sprzedaży, a także ograniczanie ryzyka utraty kapitału związanego z han-dlem na rynku kapitałowym.
Analiza współzależności wybranych indeksów giełdowych w latach 2010-2020
Authors: Firlej Krzysztof , Stanuch Marcin
Published: March 2022

Cel: Celem artykułu była analiza korelacji wybranych indeksów giełdowych oraz sprawdzenie możliwości ich prognozowania.
Materiały i metody: Badanie zostało podzielone na dwie części: zależność indeksów w ujęciu miesięcznym oraz w zakresie perspektywy jego prognozowania. Materiał badawczy dotyczy okresu za lata 2010-2020 a badanie oparto o współczynnik korelacji Pearsona oraz korelacje rang Spearmana.
Wyniki: Analiza wykazała wyraźny stopień skorelowania światowych indeksów giełdowych w zakresie rozumowania interpretacji zjawiska korelacji. W przypadku próby prognozowanie przyszłych wartości danego indeksu giełdowego, badania wykazały negatywny skutek polegający na braku odpowiedniego wnioskowania na podstawie historycznych danych.
Wnioski: Próba prognozowania przyszłych wartości danego indeksu giełdowego, na podstawie historycznych danych jest niemożliwa. Próba budowania odpowiedniej strategii inwestycyjnej w oparciu o wspomnianą metodologię (próba II) może być nieskuteczna. _____________________________
Objectives: The aim of the article was to analyze the correlation of selected stock market indices and check the possibility of forecasting them.
Data and methods: The study was divided into two parts: the dependence of indices on a monthly basis and in terms of the perspective of its forecasting. The research material concerns the period for the years 2010-2020 and the study was based on the Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlations.
Results: The analysis showed a clear degree of correlation of global stock indices in terms of reasoning for the interpretation of the correlation phenomenon. In the case of an attempt to forecast the future values of a given stock index, the research showed a negative effect consisting in the lack of adequate inference based on historical data.
Conclusions: It is impossible to try to forecast the future value of a given stock index on the basis of historical data. Trying to build an appropriate investment strategy based on this methodology (sample II) may be ineffective.
Numeryczna weryfikacja skuteczności wzmocnienia żelbetowego zbiornika
na węgiel brunatny
Authors: Lytvyn Oleksandr , Marcinowski Jakub , Szerszeń-Zamorska Agata , Miodoński Beniamin , Sakharov Volodymyr
Published: March 2022

Przedmiotem analiz numerycznych zamieszczonych
w pracy jest żelbetowy zbiornik na węgiel brunatny. Pojemność całkowita zbiornika wynosi około 26 tys. ton. W początkowym okresie eksploatacji zasobnika w latach 60. pojawiły się liczne spękania oraz nadmierne deformacje wymuszające podjęcie pilnych działań naprawczych. Wprowadzono wtedy stalowe ściągi podłużne, poprzeczne
i ukośne. Skuteczność tych wzmocnień nie była weryfikowana w przeszłości. Inwentaryzacja oraz wykonane w ostatnim czasie badania materiałowe dostarczyły danych użytych w analizach numerycznych, których celem była ocena aktualnego stanu technicznego analizowanego obiektu. Model numeryczny samej konstrukcji został uzupełniony o grunt, na którym zasobnik został posadowiony. Analizy numeryczne zostały wykonane autorskim programem weryfikowanym wcześniej za pomocą innych programów komercyjnych.
Nośność mimośrodowo ściskanych słupów betonowych ze zbrojeniem niemetalicznym
Authors: Korentz Jacek
Published: March 2022

W konstrukcjach z betonu coraz częściej mają zastosowanie pręty kompozytowe FRP, które są wykonywane z różnych materiałów. Właściwości mechaniczne dostępnych na rynku prętów kompozytowych są bardzo zróżnicowane. Pręty kompozytowe różnią się od stalowych prętów zbrojeniowych: charakteryzują się bardzo wysoką wytrzymałością i niskim modułem sprężystości. Pręty te zachowują się sprężyście w całym zakresie obciążeń, a ich zniszczenie następuje w sposób nagły. Z tego względu zachowanie się słupów zbrojonych prętami kompozytowymi odbiega od znanego zachowania się słupów ze zbrojeniem stalowym: nośność tych słupów jest zróżnicowana. W artykule przeanalizowano wpływ rodzaju zastosowanego zbrojenia podłużnego
w słupach krępych na interakcję sił granicznych momentu zginającego i siły podłużnej. Słupy ze zbrojeniem niemetalicznym w stosunku do słupów ze zbrojeniem stalowym charakteryzują się większą lub mniejszą nośnością
w zależności od rodzaju kompozytu oraz wielkości mimośrodu siły podłużnej.
Stan techniczny dwóch żelbetowych kominów o wysokości około 300 m
Authors: Drobiec Łukasz
Published: March 2022

Artykuł dotyczy stanu technicznego dwóch najwyższych kominów
w Polsce, zlokalizowanych w Jaworznie oraz w Warszawie. Oba kominy mają konstrukcję żelbetową. Na obu obiektach przeprowadzono liczne prace diagnostyczne. Wykonywano nieniszczące i niszczące badania betonu i zbrojenia. Przeprowadzono szczegółowe oględziny z wykorzystaniem technik alpinistycznych. Określano ponadto stopień karbonatyzacji betonu. Wykonano obliczenia sprawdzające. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników badań oraz analiz podano wytyczne dotyczące dalszej eksploatacji
Auditing Government Purchases with a Multicriteria Anomaly Detection Strategy
Authors: Maia Patrícia , Meira Jr. Wagner , Cerqueira Breno , Cruz Gustavo
Published: March 2022

Government purchases are the usual instrument for public acquisition of goods and services. Despite extensive legislation, several control and auditing mechanisms, frauds are still diverse and commonplace at all levels of public administration, wasting public resources. Through the use of frequent patterns, temporal correlation and combined analysis of multi-criteria, this work proposes a methodology for detecting anomalies in government purchases. The methodology promotes several levels of filtering with respect to entities involved and purchases are considered as fraudulent based on diverse criteria. The applicability and effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated through a real case study where we were able to identify a long term provider collusion.
A new approach for measuring subjectivity in Brazilian news
Authors: Lima D. F. , Melo A. S. C. , Carvalho D. L. , Marinho L. B.
Published: March 2022

With the advent of digital journalism, information democratization has become a reality since news articles are published as soon as the facts occur, and that they are accessible from any device connected to the internet. It is common sense the perception that some media outlets are more biased than others when it comes to the way of exposing the facts. However, automatic ways of measuring such biases is still an open research challenge. Under the assumption that journalistic texts must have an objective and impartial language, high levels of subjectivity in these texts may indicate bias. This paper proposes an initial analysis on the usage of subjectivity lexicons to characterize subjectivity in seven popular media outlets in Brazil. To better understand the obtained results, we carried out a correlation analysis between the levels of subjectivity, readability, and news popularity metrics. The adopted methods, along with the findings obtained from this research, may contribute to a better understanding of the linguistic characteristics of the news that readers consume daily in Brazil.
Weighted Linking Decomposition: Mining Denser and More Compact Hierarchies for Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Moreira Edré , Oliveira Campos Guilherme , Meira Jr. Wagner
Published: March 2022

Dense subgraph detection is a well-known problem in graph theory. The hierarchical organization of graphs as dense subgraphs, however, goes beyond simple clustering, as it allows the analysis of the network at different scales.Although there are several hierarchical decomposition methods for unipartite graphs, only a few approaches for the bipartite case have been proposed. In this work, we explore the problem of hierarchical decomposition for bipartite graphs.We propose an algorithm called Weighted Linking that identifies denser and more compact hierarchies than the state of the art approach. We also propose a new score to help choose the best between two hierarchical decompositions of the same graph.The proposed algorithm was evaluated experimentally using six real-world datasets and identified smaller and denser hierarchies on most of them.
Use of Phytosociology and Remote Sensing to Classify and Map the Vegetation in Protected Areas, Botswana
Authors: Lori Tsholofelo
Published: March 2022

In a natural environment, the vegetation is organized into different plant communities. The vegetation maps produced through phytosociological and remote sensing techniques can be used in the conservation, management, and monitoring of wildlife habitats in protected areas. A desk study was conducted to review studies conducted by various peer-reviewed researchers that used phytosociology and remote sensing methods to classify and map the vegetation in Botswana’s protected areas from 2000 to 2021. Seven studies were carried out in the last two decades, and four out of these studies were conducted in Northern Botswana. Even though a variety of satellite imagery was used, Landsat was the most commonly used. Maximum-likelihood supervised classification and random forest were the most common classification methods used to classify and map the vegetation. Vegetation maps are crucial in knowing which plant species occur in which protected areas, and they are used to manage effectively the vegetation in protected areas. It is important to incorporate phytosociology and remote sensing technology with the management of protected areas to conserve effectively and monitor the vegetation in these areas.
Impact of Cardiovascular Diseases on the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Devi Akyana Seeta , Dumbre Dipali
Published: March 2022

The prevalence of COVID 19 disease cases in India stands too high; this disease is caused by the coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Noval coronavirus virus was firstly detected in a group of people suffering from Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Several studies are conducted to understand the different aspects of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in causing severe respiratory infections. However, the impact of risk factors on the severity of the symptoms and outcome of COVID 19 is not clearly understood. Similarly, most studies reported that patients who suffer from comorbidities with COVID 19 had a poor prognosis. Most COVID 19 patients who had preexisting medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking habit, etc., required ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. On the other hand, studies reported that COVID 19 infection is responsible for causing the predominant cardiovascular diseases due to myocardial damage, thromboembolism arrhythmias, and ACS.
Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy to Raise the Value to the Community in the Mining Industry
Authors: Saenz Cesar
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of this chapter is to acknowledge if Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) acts as a Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) in the mining industry. Additionally, this chapter introduces a comparative case study analysis of two mining operations in Peru. The conclusions indicate that CSR is the value innovation of BOS and there is a six-action framework to create responsible mining. CSR favorably influences both its cost structure and its value proposition to the community. Cost savings are made by eliminating and reducing the causes of social conflicts. Community value is lifted by raising, reducing, sharing, enhancing, and compensating elements the industry has never offered.
Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)Cultivation and Food Security in the Tropical World
Authors: Baa Adade Famous
Published: March 2022

The paper examined the nexus between oil palm cultivation in the tropics and food security. It was established that food security is real in oil palm producing nations of the tropical world and has grave consequences on people and the economies. Some of the identified drivers of food insecurity include oil palm production policies that do not support food production, problem of economies of scale among smallholder farmers, increased land use pressure from expanding industrial and urban areas as well as poor food distribution system, among others. From theoretical perspective, some authors expressed a direct relationship between palm oil production and food insecurity. However, a number of empirical studies from different regions of the tropics indicated that palm oil production promote food security. In addressing how oil palm cultivation mitigates or promote food insecurity, we looked at palm oil and the pillars of food security – food availability, access, stability and utilization. For this to be achieved there must be changes to the use of palm oil through private regulatory regimes like the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), acquisition of only reserve agricultural land or unused land instead of grabbing land already in use by local communities, and ensuring food crop integration into plantations. Thus, policy makers willing to maintain the tropical rain forest, expand cultivation of oil palm must consider the drivers of food insecurity and how expansion of oil palm cultivation, especially under smallholdings, promotes or negatively affects food security in the tropical region.
Application of Augmented Reality in TVET, a Modern Teaching-Learning Technology
Authors: Chandrasekar Balakrishnan
Published: March 2022

Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) in India is increasingly receiving significance with focus towards skill development and employability in the development sector. The skill development and employability of skilled resources depend on the extent of design, delivery, attainment, relevance of vocational training programmes. The objectives of TVET institutions have varied with focus on the type of technical vocational and skill training, the delivery systems, employment potential, and employment in the relevant sectors. They are predominantly relevant to the geographic location, availability potential resources viz. manpower, funding and employment scenario. The skill training providers largely face several constraints and difficulties in the delivery systems, teaching-learning process, which have varied with learner’s expectations and the education needs. The technology-enabled teaching-learning has directed towards increased use of information communication technology (ICT) and computer-based teaching technologies in the learning centres. The computer-based teaching, virtual experiments and practical-based learning find wider application. Very little has been done in terms of relevance of vocational training and applications. This chapter attempts to review the available augmented reality or extended augmented reality for technical vocational education training and skill development, its relevance and increasing the impact of student leaning application in the skill centres. The author finally shares the experience of use of extended augmented reality for a vocational training.
A second record of Selenochlamys (Stylommatophora: Trigonochlamydidae) from Crimea
Authors: Turbanov Ilya , Balashov Igor
Published: March 2022

A live specimen of Selenochlamys was collected in a cave on the Ai-Petri massif of the Crimean Mountains in 2014. It is described and compared with the first Crimean specimen that was collected in 1989 on the Babugan massif. Both specimens are juvenile. Both seem to be more similar to S. ysbryda than S. pallida, and are considered as S. cf. ysbryda. Distribution and habitat preferences in Crimea are discussed. A second finding of Selenochlamys in Crimea suggests the first was not accidental and this slug is likely to be native in Crimea.
Elektroprosumeryzm (słownik encyklopedyczny, maj 2021). Cz. I. Elektroprosumeryzm jako praktyka tu i teraz oraz jako hipoteza w horyzoncie 2050
Authors: Popczyk Jan
Published: March 2022

Artykuł jest inicjacją (w postaci pierwszej części) konsolidacji słownika encyklopedycznego, którego w pierwszej połowie 2021 r. domagają się równocześnie: teoria, koncepcja i praktyka elektroprosumeryzmu. Jądrem teorii elektroprosumeryzmu jest triplet paradygmatyczny monizmu elektrycznego (paradygmaty: elektroprosumencki, egzergetyczny i wirtualizacyjny), który pilnie wymaga z kolei dużej unifikacji. Koncepcja to integralny opis (w nowym języku) transformacji energetyki paliw kopalnych (łącznie z jądrowymi) w trybie innowacji przełomowej (TETIP) do elektroprosumeryzmu (do neutralności klimatycznej) w horyzoncie 2050. Praktyka to cztery wschodzące rynki elektroprosumeryzmu (dwa energii elektrycznej – endogeniczny i egzogeniczny, oraz dwa bezsieciowe – urządzeń i usług) zastępujące dynamicznie schodzące rynki końcowe energetyki paliw kopalnych (energii elektrycznej, ciepła, paliw transportowych) na trajektorii transformacyjnej, w horyzoncie 2050. Potrzeba integracji teorii, koncepcji i praktyki w trybie dynamicznym czyni ze słownika encyklopedycznego elektroprosumeryzmu zadanie wymagające, podobnie jak transformacja TETIP, realizacji w trybie przełomowym. Dlatego przedsięwzięcie to jest obciążone dużym ryzykiem, ale istnieje też wielka potrzeba jego podjęcia z uwagi na gwałtowną erupcję przestrzeni błędów poznawczych dokonującej się transformacji energetycznej. Autor artykułu inicjuje je w środowisku Powszechnej Platformy Transformacji Energetyki 2050 (PPTE2050), w tym w Konwersatorium Inteligentna Energetyka, jako zadanie autorskie, sygnalizując jednocześnie dążenia do zmiany charakteru słownika (w kolejnych etapach jego konsolidacji) z autorskiego na kookreacyjny, w całym środowisku PPTE2050.
Skąd przybywa i dokąd zmierza energetyka rozproszona
Authors: Kaźmierski Andrzej
Published: March 2022

Energetyka rozproszona i energetyka odnawialna ulegają w ostatnich kilku latach wielkim przemianom – zarówno technologicznym, jak i legislacyjnym. Z jednej strony pojawiają się więc oczekiwania, by prawo nadążało za zmianami technicznymi, a z drugiej – by zachować jego stabilność. Pogodzenie tych oczekiwań możliwe jest jedynie w zakresie utrzymania trendu rozwoju prawa, podczas gdy ze względu na zmiany otoczenia – konieczne staje się równocześnie jego dynamiczne dostosowywanie do świata technologii i biznesu. W artykule sklasyfikowane zostały trendy zmian, wraz ze wskazaniem, jakich nowych regulacji prawnych, przynajmniej co do kierunków, można oczekiwać w kolejnych fazach rozwojowych.
Drabina integracji w stabilizacji systemu energetyki rozproszonej
Authors: Piotrowski Andrzej J.
Published: March 2022

Istniejące już technologie mogą zostać użyte do stworzenia nowych rozwiązań umożliwiających rozwiązywanie problemów wynikających z szybko postępującej transformacji systemu energetycznego. Istotną szansę stwarza odejście od tradycyjnego, silosowego podziału branż w sektorze energetyki na rzecz rozwiązań zakładających rzeczywistą lub nawet wirtualną ich substytucję oraz wykorzystanie alternatywnej wyceny kosztów poprzez odniesienie do „ceny niezapłaconej” w trakcie szczytowego zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną. Nowe aranżacje techniczne wymagają nowego otoczenia organizacyjnego. Wprowadzenie pojęcia „drabiny integracji” zasobów energetycznych, jako systematyki dla aranżacji energetyki rozproszonej, pozwala oceniać ich wartość wnoszoną do KSE. Drabina integracji odnosi się do wzrostu możliwości bilansowania podaży i popytu w kolejnych formach organizacyjnych (aranżacjach) według narastającego stopnia powiązania rozproszonych obiektów energetycznych. Im bardziej w górę na drabinie integracji, tym szerzej otwierają się możliwości doboru różnorodnych instrumentów kompensacji. Powstające w ten sposób nowe modele biznesowe muszą jednak znaleźć odpowiednie wsparcie w rozwiązaniach technicznych wspomagających zarządzanie obiektami. Najbardziej zaawansowaną pod tym względem aranżacją jest mikrosieć dysponująca autonomią energetyczną lub mogąca świadczyć usługi systemowe na rzecz KSE. W tekście wskazano na korelację technicznej koncepcji mikrosieci z koncepcją klastrów energii, które – operując w środowisku mikrosieci – wprowadzają do niej dodatkowy aspekt: organizacyjny. Mikroskala rozwiązywanych w klastrach energii problemów upraszcza przełamywanie podziałów wewnątrz sektora energii przez zamienność energii elektrycznej, ciepła/chłodu, gazu i paliw płynnych osiąganą w nowych aranżacjach technicznych wykorzystywanych już masowo urządzeń dzięki użyciu systemu łączności i automatyzacji.
Wpływ energetyki rozproszonej na proces kształtowania elektroenergetycznego systemu dystrybucyjnego
Authors: Skomudek Waldemar
Published: March 2022

Obserwowany obecnie dynamiczny rozwój w kraju i na świecie energetyki rozproszonej, postępujący za sprawą odejścia od wysokoemisyjnych nośników energii na rzecz tworzenia sektora energetycznego bazującego w dużej mierze na źródłach odnawialnych, sprawia, że energetyka rozproszona może w najbliższym czasie stać się znaczącym elementem poprawiającym bezpieczeństwo energetyczne państwa, wpływającym na poziom cen energii i stymulującym rozwój wybranych regionów kraju. Zasadnicze znaczenie w dojściu do takiej formuły funkcjonowania energetyki po jej transformacji będzie miało zwiększenie produkcji energii elektrycznej z odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE), inteligentna integracja OZE oraz intensywne zaangażowanie społeczne w proces tworzenia obszarów samodzielności energetycznej (klastry, spółdzielnie energetyczne i in.). W artykule zwrócono szczególną uwagę na pożądany kierunek rozwoju autonomicznych wspólnot energetycznych, które mają szansę w nieodległej przyszłości skutecznie zapewniać miedzy innymi obszarową równowagę podażowo-popytową w zakresie energii elektrycznej.
Activity in perirhinal and entorhinal cortex predicts perceived visual similarities among category exemplars with highest precision
Authors: Ferko Kayla M , Blumenthal Anna , Martin Chris B , Proklova Daria , Minos Alexander N , Saksida Lisa M , Bussey Timothy J , Khan Ali R , Köhler Stefan
Published: March 2022

Vision neuroscience has made great strides in understanding the hierarchical organization of object representations along the ventral visual stream (VVS). How VVS representations capture fine-grained visual similarities between objects that observers subjectively perceive has received limited examination so far. In the current study, we addressed this question by focussing on perceived visual similarities among subordinate exemplars of real-world categories. We hypothesized that these perceived similarities are reflected with highest fidelity in neural activity patterns downstream from inferotemporal regions, namely in perirhinal (PrC) and anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alErC) in the medial temporal lobe. To address this issue with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we administered a modified 1-back task that required discrimination between category exemplars as well as categorization. Further, we obtained observer-specific ratings of perceived visual similarities, which predicted behavioural discrimination performance during scanning. As anticipated, we found that activity patterns in PrC and alErC predicted the structure of perceived visual similarity relationships among category exemplars, including its observer-specific component, with higher precision than any other VVS region. Our findings provide new evidence that subjective aspects of object perception that rely on fine-grained visual differentiation are reflected with highest fidelity in the medial temporal lobe.
A light-gated transcriptional recorder for detecting cell-cell contacts
Authors: Cho Kelvin F , Gillespie Shawn M , Kalogriopoulos Nicholas A , Quezada Michael A , Jacko Martin , Monje Michelle , Ting Alice Y
Published: March 2022

Technologies for detecting cell-cell contacts are powerful tools for studying a wide range of biological processes, from neuronal signaling to cancer-immune interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report TRACC (Transcriptional Readout Activated by Cell-cell Contacts), a GPCR-based transcriptional recorder of cellular contacts, which converts contact events into stable transgene expression. TRACC is derived from our previous protein-protein interaction recorders, SPARK (Kim et al., 2017) and SPARK2 (Kim et al., 2019), reported in this journal. TRACC incorporates light gating via the light-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domain, which provides user-defined temporal control of tool activation and reduces background. We show that TRACC detects cell-cell contacts with high specificity and sensitivity in mammalian cell culture and that it can be used to interrogate interactions between neurons and glioma, a form of brain cancer.
P2RY14 cAMP signaling regulates Schwann cell precursor self-renewal, proliferation, and nerve tumor initiation in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis
Authors: Patritti Cram Jennifer , Wu Jianqiang , Coover Robert A , Rizvi Tilat A , Chaney Katherine E , Ravindran Ramya , Cancelas Jose A , Spinner Robert J , Ratner Nancy
Published: March 2022

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is characterized by nerve tumors called neurofibromas, in which Schwann cells (SCs) show deregulated RAS signaling. NF1 is also implicated in regulation of cAMP. We identified the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) P2ry14 in human neurofibromas, neurofibroma-derived SC precursors (SCPs), mature SCs, and mouse SCPs. Mouse Nf1-/- SCP self-renewal was reduced by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of P2ry14. In a mouse model of NF1, genetic deletion of P2ry14 rescued low cAMP signaling, increased mouse survival, delayed neurofibroma initiation, and improved SC Remak bundles. P2ry14 signals via Gi to increase intracellular cAMP, implicating P2ry14 as a key upstream regulator of cAMP. We found that elevation of cAMP by either blocking the degradation of cAMP or by using a P2ry14 inhibitor diminished NF1-/- SCP self-renewal in vitro and neurofibroma SC proliferation in in vivo. These studies identify P2ry14 as a critical regulator of SCP self-renewal, SC proliferation, and neurofibroma initiation.
Ligand binding remodels protein side-chain conformational heterogeneity
Authors: Wankowicz Stephanie A , de Oliveira Saulo H , Hogan Daniel W , van den Bedem Henry , Fraser James S
Published: March 2022

While protein conformational heterogeneity plays an important role in many aspects of biological function, including ligand binding, its impact has been difficult to quantify. Macromolecular X-ray diffraction is commonly interpreted with a static structure, but it can provide information on both the anharmonic and harmonic contributions to conformational heterogeneity. Here, through multiconformer modeling of time- and space-averaged electron density, we measure conformational heterogeneity of 743 stringently matched pairs of crystallographic datasets that reflect unbound/apo and ligand-bound/holo states. When comparing the conformational heterogeneity of side chains, we observe that when binding site residues become more rigid upon ligand binding, distant residues tend to become more flexible, especially in non-solvent-exposed regions. Among ligand properties, we observe increased protein flexibility as the number of hydrogen bonds decreases and relative hydrophobicity increases. Across a series of 13 inhibitor-bound structures of CDK2, we find that conformational heterogeneity is correlated with inhibitor features and identify how conformational changes propagate differences in conformational heterogeneity away from the binding site. Collectively, our findings agree with models emerging from nuclear magnetic resonance studies suggesting that residual side-chain entropy can modulate affinity and point to the need to integrate both static conformational changes and conformational heterogeneity in models of ligand binding.
Modular, robust, and extendible multicellular circuit design in yeast
Authors: Carignano Alberto , Chen Dai Hua , Mallory Cannon , Wright R Clay , Seelig Georg , Klavins Eric
Published: March 2022

Division of labor between cells is ubiquitous in biology but the use of multicellular consortia for engineering applications is only beginning to be explored. A significant advantage of multicellular circuits is their potential to be modular with respect to composition but this claim has not yet been extensively tested using experiments and quantitative modeling. Here, we construct a library of 24 yeast strains capable of sending, receiving or responding to three molecular signals, characterize them experimentally and build quantitative models of their input-output relationships. We then compose these strains into two- and three-strain cascades as well as a four-strain bistable switch and show that experimentally measured consortia dynamics can be predicted from the models of the constituent parts. To further explore the achievable range of behaviors, we perform a fully automated computational search over all two-, three-, and four-strain consortia to identify combinations that realize target behaviors including logic gates, band-pass filters, and time pulses. Strain combinations that are predicted to map onto a target behavior are further computationally optimized and then experimentally tested. Experiments closely track computational predictions. The high reliability of these model descriptions further strengthens the feasibility and highlights the potential for distributed computing in synthetic biology.
Individuals with fibromyalgia have a different gait pattern and a reduced walk functional capacity: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Carrasco-Vega Elio , Ruiz-Muñoz María , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio , Romero-Galisteo Rita Pilar , González-Sánchez Manuel
Published: March 2022

Background

The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing walking test performance and gait pattern between individuals with and without fibromyalgia (FM).

Methodology

This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with the following reference: CRD42018116200.The search for the scientific articles in this systematic review was carried out using the MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PEDRO, CINHAL and WEB OF SCIENCE databases. A combination of three conceptual groups of terms was used: (1) fibromyalgia; (2) walk (performance) tests; and (3) gait analysis. The included articles were analyzed for both functional and pattern of walking data of patients with FM. In order to provide a better estimate of the difference between individuals with and without FM on gait, a meta-analysis was performed on the 6MWT (6-minute walk test).

Results

Thirty-six studies were analyzed, with a total population of 4.078 participants (3.369 FM and 709 individuals without FM). From a functional point of view, the 6MWT distance covered by the group of individuals without FM was significantly greater than that of the individuals with FM in all the analyzed studies. In addition, when comparing the results obtained in the gait pattern analysis, it was observed that individuals with FM walked slower, with a shorter stride length and lower cadence compare to individuals without FM.

Conclusions

It is possible to affirm that individuals with FM perform walking tests differently than individuals without FM. It was observed that individuals with FM walk performing a cycle of shorter length and lower frequency, producing a slower gait, which results in a shorter distance traveled, in the same period of time, with respect to healthy subjects.
Immediate and cumulative effects of upper-body isometric exercise on the cornea and anterior segment of the human eye
Authors: Vera Jesus , Redondo Beatriz , Molina Rubén , García-Ramos Amador , Jiménez Raimundo
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The execution of isometric resistance training has demonstrated to cause changes in the ocular physiology. The morphology of the cornea and anterior chamber is of paramount importance in the prevention and management of several ocular diseases, and thus, understating the impact of performing isometric exercise on the eye physiology may allow a better management of these ocular conditions. We aimed to determine the short-term effects of 2-minutes upper-body isometric effort at two different intensities on corneal and anterior eye morphology.

Methods

Eighteen healthy young adults performed a 2-minutes isometric biceps-curl exercise against two loads relative to their maximum strength capacity (high-intensity and low-intensity) in a randomized manner. An Oculus Pentacam was used to measure the corneal morphology and anterior chamber parameters in both experimental conditions at baseline, during the isometric effort (after 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds), and after 30 and 120 seconds of passive recovery.

Results

We found that isometric effort causes an increase in pupil size (P < 0.001), and a decrease in the iridocorneal angle (P = 0.005), anterior chamber volume (P < 0.001) and K-flat (P < 0.001) during isometric effort, with these effects being more accentuated in high-intensity condition (P < 0.005 in all cases).Performing 2-minutes upper-body isometric effort did not alter anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, corneal volume, and K-steep (P > 0.05 in all cases).

Conclusions

Our data exhibit that performing 2-minutes of upper-body isometric exercise modifies several parameters of the corneal morphology and anterior eye biometrics, with these changes being greater for the high-intensity exercise condition. The findings of this study may be of relevance for the prevention and management of corneal ectasias and glaucoma.
Diagnosis of Retroperitoneal Tumours using Computed Tomography- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Basavaraju Umamaheshwari K , Rajendrakumar Narasipur Lingaiah , Sanjay P , Puttaraj Nanjaraj Chakenalli , PShivadas Prathibha , Seetharam Mahesh , Nagaraju Rashmi K , Moorthy Supraja
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Retroperitoneum is one of the largest and complex anatomical spaces in the body where, even before the clinical presentation, the tumours often grow silently to large sizes. Therefore, an early and accurate diagnosis is crucial. Among the various imaging modalities, Computed Tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging technique for the evaluation of retroperitoneal tumours. It plays an important role in determining the epicenter of tumour, size, tumour composition, extent, vascularity and effects on adjacent structures, and thus aids in treatment planning. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate various CT imaging findings of retroperitoneal tumours and to associate it with histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at Department of Radiology in the tertiary care hospital for a duration of 12 months from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. The study included 30 patients. Each patient was subjected to plain and contrast enhanced CT to characterise the retroperitoneal tumour. The results were tabulated and evaluated descriptively by Microsoft Excel 2016 and presented in figures, tables, frequency graphs and pie charts. Results: Out of 30 patients, 17 (56.6%) were males and 13 (43.3%) were females. Most commonly affected age group was seventh decade, followed by sixth decade. Histopathology confirmed the radiologic diagnosis in 26 cases. A total of 80% of the lesions were malignant and 20% were benign. Primary retroperitoneal tumours were the most common tumours (11 cases) accounting for 36.6% of cases. Among primary retroperitoneal tumours, lymphoma (four cases) was the most common tumour followed by lymph nodal metastases (three cases). Other four tumours were liposarcoma, extra-adrenal neuroblastoma, paraganglioma and lymphangioma. Majority of the tumours were solid (29 cases) and only one case was cystic. Heterogeneous enhancement was the most common pattern of enhancement which was seen in 23 cases. Infiltration of adjacent organ was seen in five cases, vascular encasement in seven cases and distant metastasis in six cases. Conclusion: The collective evaluation of various CT imaging findings of retroperitoneal tumours which includes the epicentre of lesion, tumour composition (solid, cystic, fat, calcification, necrosis), enhancement pattern, size, effect on adjacent organs (displacement or infiltration), vascular encasement and distant metastasis helps to arrive at an accurate radiologic diagnosis and thus guides in therapeutic planning.