bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Connection Between Vitamin K and Bone Health
Authors: Fu Jamy (Ning)
Published: May 2017

Vitamin K is essential to the body because it is known to help blood coagulate and activate osteocalcin, a protein involved in maintaining healthy bones. In this review, one study observing the impact of vitamin K supplementation on patients’ bone mineral densities and three studies focusing on the effects of vitamin K supplementation on the incidence of bone fractures are discussed to determine whether the vitamin may be important for maintaining bone health. While some promising results, such as an increase in bone mineral density of subjects after vitamin K supplementation arose, the conclusions reached by the four studies were not statistically significant enough to justify the importance of vitamin K in maintaining bone health. Well-controlled studies that are unbiased, statistically powerful, and focused on vitamin K’s effects on bone density are required in the future to provide further insight on whether vitamin K supplementation is a viable method of improving bone health. La vitamine K est essentielle pour le corps, car il est connu pour assister dans la coagulation du sang ainsi qu’activer l'ostéocalcine, une protéine impliquée dans le maintien de la santé des os. Ici, une étude dirigé vers les observations de l'impact de la consommation de suppléments de la vitamine K sur la densité minérale osseuse de patients, puis trois autres études portant sur les effets de la consommation de suppléments de la vitamine K sur l'incidence des fractures osseuses sont examinées afin de déterminer si la vitamine soit une facteur important dans le maintien de la santé des os. Tandis que des résultats sont révélés prometteurs, comme ceux montrant une augmentation de la densité minérale osseuse des sujets après la consommation des suppléments de la vitamine K, l’ensemble de conclusions tirées des quatre études ne présente pas suffisamment de données qui pourraient suggérer une corrélation entre la consommation des suppléments de la vitamine K et la santé des os. Des études supplémentaires portant sur les effets de la vitamine K sur la densité osseuse, mené dans des conditions contrôlés, bien conçus, impartiales, qui produiront des résultats persuasifs, sont nécessaires à être effectuer à l'avenir afin de donner un meilleur aperçu de l’effet de la supplémentation en vitamine K comme une méthode viable dans l’entretien de la santé des os.
NGO-isation and the Plight of Women in Developing Nations
Authors: Chu Emily
Published: May 2017

Over the past century, NGOs have been rapidly growing in numbers have become increasingly involved in such health crises as HIV/Aids and Ebola around the world. Many organizations have also been founded to recognize and support oppressed groups in certain countries, one of the most important of these being women. It is undeniable that women of developing nations have been greatly affected by the rise of NGOs, and the ensuing phenomenon of NGO-isation, from increased opportunities for activism, to unsustainable dependencies on nutritional supplements,. This article presents a background of both NGOs and the plight of women in developing nations, as well as attempting to draw a relationship between these two stakeholders in our global society. This article also presents evidence to support the hypotheses that NGOs allow women to become more politically and socially active through government-neutral involvement, but also hinder their health and job prospects by failing to employ local workers and using short-term solutions instead of sustainable ones. Major analysis is conducted on these topics and attempts to determine the correlation between NGOs and their involvement with women in impoverished communities. The article concludes with final comments from the author about their overall experience and thoughts on the issue.Au cours du précédent siècle, les ONG sont rapidement augmentés en nombre et en implication dans plusieurs pays en développement en conséquence de plusieurs crises de santé telles que VIH / SIDA et Ebola. Plusieurs organisations ont aussi été créés pour donner reconnaissance à certaines groupes dans des pays oppressifs, un des plus importants parmi ces groupes étant les femmes. Il est indéniable que les femmes des pays en développement ont été aidés considérablement par la montée des ONG et le phénomène qui s'ensuit d'ONG-isation. Cet article présente un contexte d'à la fois les ONG et la situation des femmes dans les pays en développement et décrit une proposition de recherche pour tenter de déterminer la relation entre ces deux très importantes parties intéressées dans notre société globale. Cette proposition de recherche décrit ses objectives, buts et hypothèses qui concernent divers aspects de la vie d'une femme et ensuite ça décrit pourquoi ceci est un problème important et comment les données vont être obtenues. L'article conclut avec des commentaires finales de l'auteur à propos de leur expérience générale et leurs pensées concernant le problème.
Comparison of ORAGENE® and Mouthwashed-Based Saliva Collection Methods for Genomic DNA Isolation
Authors: Hassan Ayesha A.
Published: May 2017

In recent years, saliva has been used as a non-invasive method of obtaining genomic DNA. Two common collection methods include mouthwash and commercially produced saliva kits. Here, a novel comparison between these two collection methods, using Scope® mouthwash and the Oragene®-Discover kit (OGR-250) from DNA Genotek Inc., was conducted to analyze differences in the quantity and quality of the DNA isolated, and cost effectiveness. The Oragene® kit yielded greater quantity of DNA, while Scope® mouthwash was more cost effective. The difference in yield was attributed to the larger volume of saliva obtained from the Oragene® kit. Isolation from both collection methods resulted in similar DNA quality.    Depuis quelques années, la salive est utilisée comme une méthode non-invasive pour obtenir de l’ADN génomique. Deux méthodes de collection communes sont par rince-bouche et par des trousses commerciales de collection de salive. Ici, une comparaison entre ces deux méthodes, utilisant la rince-bouche Scope et la trousse Oragene-Discover (OGR-250) de DNA Genotek Ink, a été conduite afin d’analyser les différences dans la quantité et la qualité d’ADN isolée ainsi que dans l’efficacité du coût.  La trousse Oragene a recueilli plus d’ADN, alors que Scope était moins cher. La différence en quantité est attribuée au plus grand volume de salive qui est obtenu grâce à l’Oragene. L’isolation par les deux méthodes résultait en une qualité similaire d’ADN.
Design, Prototyping, and Programming of a Bricklaying Robot
Authors: Aguair Mateus L. , Behdinan Kamran
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the development of a Bricklaying Robot capable of building entire walls. This project was motivated by opportunity of automation in construction, which remains costly and inefficient. Several studies have described specialized robot for masonry works, most of them incorporating the human arm concept that requires complex programming and low productivity. In order to improve this model, an innovative concept of a short arm assembled into a lift platform was introduced in this paper. The robot was modeled in Solidworks®, followed by motion study and dynamic analysis to optimize the model. A prototype in 1/4 scale was built to demonstrate its feasibility, detecting and correcting flaws. The prototype was tested by programming servo motors using Arduino UNO hardware and C ++ code. Finally, robot kinematics was analyzed in a construction site scenario. Concordance between the virtual simulation and the experimental prototype results demonstrated the functionality and effectiveness of the proposed design. The invention of this Bricklaying Robot will represent a technological advancement in developing new mechanisms and codes, which may be responsible for increasing productivity and reducing risks of masonry construction. Future analysis of global bricklaying market might be conducted to prove its commercial viability. Cet article présente le développement d’un robot de maçonnerie capable de construire des murs entiers. Le projet est motivé par une grande possibilité pour l’automatisation dans le bâtiment, un domaine qui reste malsain, coûteux et inefficace. Plusieurs recherches discutent des robots spécialisés pour les travaux de maçonnerie ; la plupart de ces robots utilisent le modèle du bras humain, une conception qui nécessite la programmation complexe et présente une perte de productivité. Cet article a pour but d’améliorer le modèle courant en explorant une nouvelle conception d’un bras court, assemblé comme une plate-forme élévatrice. Ce robot a été conçu en Solidsorks®, et une étude de mouvement et une analyse dynamique ont été menées pour optimiser le modèle. Un prototype à l’échelle 1:4 a été conçu pour démontrer la faisabilité du robot, tout en détectant et corrigeant ses défauts. Le prototype a été évalué par la programmation des servomoteurs, en utilisant du matériel informatique d’Arduino UNO et le langage de programmation C ++. Finalement, la cinématique du robot a été analysée en un scénario de chantier de construction. La fonctionnalité et l’efficacité de la conception proposée ont été démontrées par la concordance entre la simulation virtuelle et les résultats du prototype expérimental. L’invention de ce robot de maçonnerie constituera une avance technologique dans l’étude et le développement de nouveaux mécanismes et des codes informatiques, qui permettront d’améliorer la productivité et réduire les risques de maçonnerie. Une analyse de marché mondial de maçonnerie peut être menée à l’avenir pour vérifier la viabilité commerciale du robot.
Exercise, Muscle, and Mitochondria: Signaling Mechanisms, Health Consequences and New Challenges for the Future
Authors: Tryon Liam D. , Colavecchia Marco , Hood David A.
Published: May 2017

Habitual physical activity has long been heralded as a laudable lifestyle behaviour, which can improve overall health and help stave off many major chronic diseases. In spite of substantial scientific evidence and public awareness about the importance of incorporating physical activity into our daily lives, the majority of the North American society remains insufficiently active, failing to meet the minimum requirements set forth by global health authorities. According to the World Health Organization, physical inactivity is now regarded as the 4th leading risk factor for premature death worldwide(1). In fact, recent research suggests that physical inactivity is responsible for approximately 6-10% of the world’s major noncommunicable diseases(2). These pathological conditions - which include cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and various types of cancers - account for nearly one third of all deaths that occur annually throughout the world, indicating just how important physical activity is in preventing the onset of disease.
Multidisciplinary Foot Clinics Impact on the Diabetic World
Authors: Williams Chavan
Published: May 2017

In today’s society, diabetes is a prevalent illness afflicting people of various races, ages, genders and social statuses(1). Diabetes is a chronic illness in which the body is unable to break down sugars due to poor insulin production and function(3). Diabetes can be classified as type I or as type II, and may be categorized as moderate or advanced. In type I diabetes, a person isn’t able to produce insulin, while someone with type II diabetes cannot produce enough insulin and suffers from “insulin resistance”(3). Diabetic patients may suffer from health complications as the illness becomes more advanced, such as foot complications. Often, foot complications can result in amputation of the lower limbs or in some cases, mortality. To address this problem, multidisciplinary foot clinics have been created to aid patients, reduce mortality rates, and decrease the occurrence of limb amputations. These programs provide information to diabetic patients and their families, providing foot-oriented treatments and monitoring patients’ progress through after care. This article will argue that the practices and procedures in multidisciplinary foot clinics help significantly reduce diabetic foot complications, resulting in amputation or death for diabetic patients.
Me, Myself, and the Universe
Authors: Zhang Kelvin
Published: May 2017

When you look up in the night sky, you see stars.Hundreds, thousands of them, glimmering and glistening, each and every one bigger and brighter than our own sun.A hundred billion stars lie in our galaxy, and another hundred billion galaxies in our universe.Our minds are unable to comprehend how large the universe really is.
The Science of Tears
Authors: Agarwal Malvika
Published: May 2017

When was the last you cried? Maybe it was while you were watching a sad movie or when a loved one was leaving you or because you just felt lonely. The next thing you know, you have a lump in your throat, your eyes start to water and tears are running down your cheeks. Considering that crying is an important and common part of everyone’s lives, many of us know surprisingly little about it.À quand remonte la dernière fois que vous avez pleuré? Peut-être que c’était lorsque vous étiez en train de regarder un film triste ou quand un proche vous a quitté ou parce que vous vous sentiez seul. Tout d’un coup, vous avez la gorge serrée, vos yeux deviennent humides et les larmes commencent à couler sur vos joues. Comme pleurer joue un rôle important de la vie de tous, beaucoup d’entre nous savent étonnamment peu à ce sujet.
The Water Project
Authors: Popp Shantel
Published: May 2017

This resource was created to embark on a STEM project in grade 8 science class. Students are exposed to four different units during the year in Ontario, including: Cells, Fluids, Systems in Action, and Water Systems. The learning objective was to create a project that linked each of these units together under a “systems” theme and incorporate engineering, math, and technology. Students were able to showcase their learning in a final presentation that highlighted the different components of the STEM project. This includes the pulley schematics, design, and calculations of their water filter and technology implementation. This project uses Google Apps for Education so students can collaborate on the project synchronously and asynchronously, as well as incorporates hard skills like using a microscope, and provides students with the opportunity to design and build techniques. Cette ressource a été créée pour s’embarquer en un projet de STIM en utilisant comme guide le curriculum de science ontarien de la 8e année. Les étudiants apprennent à propos quatre sujets différents pendant l’année scolaire, incluant Les Cellules, Les Fluides, Les Systèmes en Action, et les Systèmes Hydrographiques. L’objectif d’apprentissage était de créer un projet qui liait tous ces sujets ensemble sous un thème commun, les systèmes, et intégrerait aussi l’ingénie, les mathématiques, et la technologie. Les étudiants ont eu la chance de montrer les connaissances qu’ils ont apprises dans une présentation finale qui a souligné les éléments différents du projet. Cela inclut les moufles, la conception, les calculs de leur filtre à eau et l’implémentation de la technologie. Ce projet utilise ‘Google Apps for Education’ pour que les étudiants puissent collaborer sur le projet en synchronie et seule. Il incorpore aussi les compétences du niveau plus élevé, comme l’utilisation d’un microscope et donne les étudiants la chance de développer les stratégies et techniques de la conception et construction.
Planarian Regeneration in Response to Drug Disruption of the Wnt and MAPK Pathways
Authors: Shen Yong , Etheridge Thomas , Hsu Eric , Kaushal Shankar
Published: May 2017

The regenerative ability of planarians depends largely on its complex signaling pathways. The Wnt pathway regulates the A/P polarity formation after regeneration, while the MAPK pathway plays a role in regeneration. This experiment uses various drugs to disrupt the aforementioned pathways. Imatinib targets the RTKs, which play a role in the Wnt pathway. PZQ is expected to affect the Wnt noncanonical calcium pathway. EHT 1864 inhibits Rac1, a GTPase involved in the noncanonical PCP pathway. Finally, U0126 disrupts the MAPK pathway whose activity induces blastemic cell differentiation. After drug treatment, abnormal planarian regeneration is expected. The drug assays showed that while both Imatinib and PZQ have no effect on planarian regeneration, EHT 1864 under high concentration has a potent effect on the viability of planarians during regeneration. Furthermore, U0126 caused cyclopia in planarians under high concentrations. These observations suggest that the RTKs play a limited role in planarian regeneration, Rac1 plays a greater role than just A/P determination during regeneration, and that U0126 affects eye and head regeneration. Our findings also show an inconsistency with another research group’s study regarding the effects of PZQ on planarian polarity formation.  L’abilité regénérative des planaires dépend largement sur la complexité des ses voies de signalisation. La voie des Wnt contrôle la formation de la polarité des potentiels d’action après la regénération, alors que la voie de la MAPK joue un rôle dans la regénération. L’imatinib cible les RTK, eux-mêmes jouant un rôle dans la voie des Wnt. Praziquantel est attendu d’affecter la voie de calcium non canonique des Wnt. L’EHT 1864 inhibe la Rac1, un GTPase impliqué dans la voie non canonique du PCP. Finalement, U0126 perturbe la voie de la MAPK, l’activité de laquelle induit la différentiation des cellules souches blastémiques. Après traitement avec de la drogue, de la regénération anormale des planaires est attendue. Les essais des drogues ont démontré que, bien que Imatinib et PZQ n’ont pas d’effets sur la regénération des planaires, l’EHT 1864 en haute concentration a un effet potent sur la viabilité des planaires durant la regénération. De plus, l’U0126 a causé la cyclopie chez les planaires en haute concentration. Ces observations suggère que les RTK jouent un rôle limité dans la regénération de planaires, la Rac1 joue un rôle plus important que simplement déterminer des potentiels d’action durant la regénération et l’U0126 affecte les regénérations des yeux et de la tête. Nos découvertes indiquent aussi des incohérences avec une étude par un autre groupe au sujet des effets du PZQ sur la formation polaire des planaires.
A ORDEM DO CONCRETO N’AS MIL E UMA NOITES
Authors: Peloggio Marcelo
Published: May 2017

Partindo do caráter relativo da noção de “realidade concreta”, o presente ensaio busca mostrar que, sob as imagens fantásticas dos contos d’As mil e uma noites, revela-se uma descrição notadamente objetiva das relações humanas, o que lhe torna o sistema de idéias universal.
CAMINHOS DO DESENHO NA BAHIA DO SÉCULO XVIII
Authors: De Souza Antonio Wilson Silva
Published: May 2017

O presente texto versa sobre o desenho da Bahia do século XVIII, fazendo um sucinto relato sobre a escolha do tema, a realização da pesquisa, e a abordagem que lhe foi dada. Apresenta uma sucinta análise dos desenhos coletados, destacando as suas características e situando-os dentro do contexto social e religioso da Bahia setecentista.
HERBERTO SALES: O ROMANCE E A BUSCA DE SI MESMO
Authors: Oliveira Ângela Vilma S. Bispo
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo pretende estudar o romancista baiano Herberto Sales nas relações que permeiam e entrecruzam vida e obra. Trata-se de estabelecer uma visão panorâmica da obra romanesca do escritor para, a partir daí, encontrarmos o autor nas particulares do sujeito biográfico; o memorialista, pois que sua obra ficcional traz cifrados rastros e vivências particulares em meio a memória de uma coletividade; e, principalmente, o prosador – homem que, na busca incansável de si mesmo, transforma o que viveu e o que poderia ter vivido em objeto estético.
Baha’u’llah as fulfilment of the theophanic promise in the Sermons of Imam ‘Alí ibn Abí Ṭálib. Translation of al Ṭutunjiyya, Iftikhár and Ma’rifat bin-Nurániyyat
Authors: Fananapazir Khazeh
Published: May 2017

In the traditions of the Twelver Branch of Islám or Imámí Shi'ism in particular, three sermons of Imám ʿAlí stand out as pivotal in their contribution to the Bahá’í writings. These are known as the sermons of Ṭutunjiyyih [the Gulf ), Nurániyyat [Recognition through Luminousness], and Iftikhár [Glorification]. They hold tremendous theological importance, and, down the centuries, have had a magnetic effect on Shi'ih religious thought. The author of the book that contains these three sermons, Ḥafiz Rajab al Bursi (died 1411 CE), held a very high view of the station of the Imams, Likewise these texts vere highly valorized by Shaykh Aḥmad and Siyyid Kazim, Sayyid `Alí Muhammad, the Bab and Mirza Husayn ʿAli, Baha’u’lllah respectively.
Notes for a Typology of Monotheism
Authors: Bausani Alessandro , Savi Julio
Published: May 2017

Alessandro Bausani was an Italian Baha’i, philologist and scholar at the University of Rome. A small but important part of his literary production was concerned with studies of the Babi-Baha’i Faith. He produced two well regarded papers on the origins and relations between various monotheisms in which he situates the Babi-Baha’i movement vis a vis other great religious systems. The first article was published in Italian as Bausani, Alessandro (1957). Note per una tipologia del monoteismo. Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni (Rome) 28: 67–88. That article is translated here because of its relevance to Baha’i Studies. See also the companion article: Alessandro Bausani (1963). Can Monotheism Be Taught?: Further Considerations on the Typology of Monotheism. Numen (Leiden) 10: 167–201.
The 1893 Russian Publication of Baha’u’llah’s Last Will and Testament: An Academic Attestation of ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s Successorship
Authors: Buck Christopher , Ioannesyan Youli A.
Published: May 2017

This study concerns the publication of a document that may well be unique in the history of religions: the written designation of a successor by the charismatic founder of a world religion. Mīrzā Ḥusayn-‘Alī (1817–1892), known as Bahā’-Allāh (more commonly, Baha’u’llah, ‘Splendor of God’), prophet–founder of the Bahā’ī Faith. In the Kitāb-i ‘Ahdī (‘Book of My Covenant’), Baha’u’llah designated his eldest son, ‘Abbās Effendī, known as ‘Abdu’l-Bahā (1844–1921), as successor. Baha’u’llah died on 29 May 1892 (at 3:00 a.m.) in Bahjī (near ‘Akkā), Palestine (now modern-day Israel), and the Kitāb-i ‘Ahdī was read aloud nine days later. In 1893, Russian orientalist, Aleksandr Grigor’evich Tumanski (1861–1920) published this document, in the original Persian, with Russian translation, together with a eulogy composed by the celebrated Bahā’ī poet, Mīrzā ‘Alī-Ashraf-i Lāhījānī, known by his sobriquet, ‘Andalīb (‘Nightingale’; d. 1920). Since ‘Andalīb was an eyewitness to the events he describes, his eulogy may be treated as a historical source. Tumanski’s scholarly publication of the Kitāb-i ‘Ahdī is discussed in the context of Russian scholarly and diplomatic interests. The present study is presented as follows: (1) Introduction; (2) Aleksandr Grigor’evich Tumanski; (3) Contents of the Kitāb-i ‘Ahdī and Brief Commentary; (4) ‘Andalīb’s Eyewitness Account of the Reading of the Kitāb-i ‘Ahdī, 1892; (5) The St. Petersburg Edition of the Kitāb-i ‘Ahdī; (6) The Original Manuscript of the Kitāb-i ‘Ahdī and the Textus Receptus; (7) Textual Variants Between the St. Petersburg Edition of the Kitāb-i ‘Ahdī and the Textus Receptus; (8) The Cambridge Manuscript of the Kitāb-i ‘Ahdī in the E. G. Browne Collection; and (9) Conclusion: Contemporary-Historical Attestation of ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s Successorship by Tumanski and other Russian Notables
Laser interference patterning methods: Possibilities for high-throughput fabrication of periodic surface patterns
Authors: Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: May 2017

Fabrication of two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) structures in the micro- and nano-range allows a new degree of freedom to the design of materials by tailoring desired material properties and, thus, obtaining a superior functionality. Such complex designs are only possible using novel fabrication techniques with high resolution, even in the nanoscale range. Starting from a simple concept, transferring the shape of an interference pattern directly to the surface of a material, laser interferometric processing methods have been continuously developed. These methods enable the fabrication of repetitive periodic arrays and microstructures by irradiation of the sample surface with coherent beams of light. This article describes the capabilities of laser interference lithographic methods for the treatment of both photoresists and solid materials. Theoretical calculations are used to calculate the intensity distributions of patterns that can be realized by changing the number of interfering laser beams, their polarization, intensity and phase. Finally, different processing systems and configurations are described and, thus, demonstrating the possibility for the fast and precise tailoring of material surface microstructures and topographies on industrial relevant scales as well as several application cases for both methods.
Web-Archivierung an der Saarländischen Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek (SULB)
Authors: Dupuis Caroline
Published: May 2017

An der Saarländischen Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek (SULB) werden seit 2008 Webseiten archiviert. Zur Archivierung landeskundlicher elektronischer Dokumente steht das Repositorium SaarDok zur Verfügung. Eine gesetzliche Grundlage für die Ablieferung unkörperlicher Werke besteht seit Dezember 2015.
IYCN: A Journey That Has Just Begun
Authors: Dunne Christine , Gomollón-Bel Fernando
Published: May 2017

International collaboration varies across the world. Your first reaction when hearing those words—international collaboration—may lead you to myriad different thoughts and ideas: research institutions, famous scientists, your own coworkers, or even airports –flying through Tesla International Airport in Serbia, you can’t help it! When reading this article, however, IUPAC is probably the first thing that comes to mind. IUPAC has the ability to bring together scientists, crossing nations and borders in the pursuit of knowledge. Early career chemists, however, often do not know how to breach these barriers to start their international scientific journey.
Nanomaterials—On the Brink of Revolution? Or the Endless Pursuit of Something Unattainable?
Authors: Perkin Emma , Gubala Vladimir
Published: May 2017

Since the dawning of the new millennium, the unique properties and obscure behaviour exhibited by nanoparticles have captivated research scientists globally. Their versatility has led to an explosion of interest in nanoscience and recognition of its unlimited potential for innovation in modern society.
Spectral studies of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Origanum majorana
Authors: Zahran Moustafa , El-Kemary Maged , Khalifa Shaden , El-Seedi Hesham
Published: May 2017

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biologically synthesized in an eco-friendly manner using aqueous leaf extract ofOriganum majoranaplant and silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution. Size, shape, and crystallinity of the biosynthesized AgNPs were determined by using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Zeta potential analyzer was used to prove the stability of the metallic nanoparticles, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the bioreducing and capping agents. AgNPs were electrochemically investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), while the optical properties of the metallic nanoparticles were studied using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. According to TEM images, AgNPs are spherical with an average size of 35 nm. TEM also refers to the presence of mono and polycrystalline AgNPs. The value of zeta potential (−39 mV) proved the stability of AgNPs caused by capping molecules ofO. majoranaplant. CV studies showed that AgNPs were electrochemically investigated at 0.39 mV. AgNPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 440 nm, while the emission peak was detected at 466 nm. These nanoparticles are promising for many industrial and medical applications.
A systematic review of assessments for procedural skills in physiotherapy education / Assessment von prozeduralen Fähigkeiten in der physiotherapeutischen Ausbildung: Ein systematischer Review
Authors: Sattelmayer Martin , Hilfiker Roger , Baer Gillian
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Learning of procedural skills is important in the education of physiotherapists. It is the aim of physiotherapy degree programmes that graduates are able to practice selected procedures safely and efficiently. Procedural competency is threatened by an increasing and diverse amount of procedures that are incorporated in university curricula. As a consequence, less time is available for the learning of each specific procedure. Incorrectly performed procedures in physiotherapy might be ineffective and may result in injuries to patients and physiotherapists. The aim of this review was to synthesise relevant literature systematically to appraise current knowledge relating to assessments for procedural skills in physiotherapy education.

Method

A systematic search strategy was developed to screen five relevant databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Central, SportDISCUS, ERIC and MEDLINE) for eligible studies. The included assessments were evaluated for evidence of their reliability and validity.

Results

The search of electronic databases identified 560 potential records. Seven studies were included into this systematic review. The studies reported eight assessments of procedural skills. Six of the assessments were designed for a specific procedure and two assessments were considered for the evaluation of more than one procedure. Evidence to support the measurement properties of the assessment was not available for all categories.

Discussion

It was not possible to recommend a single assessment of procedural skills in physiotherapy education following this systematic review. There is a need for further development of new assessments to allow valid and reliable assessments of the broad spectrum of physiotherapeutic practice
Reduced bone mineral density in Chinese children with phenylketonuria
Authors: Wang Kundi , Shen Ming , Li Honglei , Li Xiaowen , He Chun
Published: May 2017

Background:

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. Dietary control of classic PKU needs restriction of natural proteins. The diet results in unbalanced nutrition, which might affect the physical development of the patients. Our aim was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in children with PKU.

Methods:

To investigate the BMD of children with PKU, 41 children with PKU and 64 healthy controls were recruited (all 3–4 years of age). Body weight and height, BMD, Phe blood levels, thyroid function, calcium, phosphorus, iron metabolism markers, and vitamin D3 were measured.

Results:

Body height and BMD of patients were lower than in controls. The BMD of controls was positively associated with age, body weight and height. In patients, BMD was positively associated with body weight. There was no correlation between Phe blood levels and BMD in patients. Blood levels of alkaline phosphatase were higher in patients compared to controls. Blood calcium levels were higher in 4-year-old patients, while the body weight was lower compared to controls. Thyroid function, iron metabolism markers, vitamin D3 levels and IGF-1 levels were normal.

Conclusions:

Reduced BMD was observed in children with phenylketonuria, but the exact reasons for this remain to be elucidated.
The crystal structure of 4-bromo-N-cyclopropyl-2,5-difluorobenzenesulfonamide, C9H8BrF2NO2S
Authors: Liu Li , Wu Ming-Yuan , Huang Chao , Teng Ming-Gang , Cao Jian-Xin
Published: May 2017

C9H8BrF2NO2S, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.5277(6) Å, b = 8.3730(7) Å, c = 9.8785(9) Å, α = 92.637(3)°, β = 111.201°, γ = 105.856(2)°, V = 551.08(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0330, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0787, T = 273 K.
The crystal structure of (4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoato-κN)-[4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid-κN]silver(I), C18H13AgN6O4
Authors: Sun Chuan-Bo , Fu Ai-Yun , Jin Jun-Cheng , Zhang Yue-Hua
Published: May 2017

C18H13AgN6O4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 12.9022(12) Å, b = 8.9088(8) Å, c = 15.3383(14) Å, β = 106.810(3)°, V = 1687.7(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0247, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0600, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (8-hydroxy-5-nitroquinolinium) perchlorate – 8-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline (1/1), C18H13ClN4O10
Authors: Zhao Ganlin
Published: May 2017

C18H13ClN4O10, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 21.009(9) Å, b = 9.474(4) Å, c = 9.747(4) Å, β = 98.360(9)°, V = 1919.4(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0560, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1752, T = 293 K.
Observing laws through “understanding eyes”
Authors: Condello Angela
Published: May 2017

Legal discourse is characterized by many layers of verbal signs that refer, according to the context (historical, social, cultural), to diverse meanings. In this article I discuss two theses. (Th. i.) Law is, like language, based on signs. These signs are like “clues” that suggest possible semantic operations but only through an interpretive process meanings come into being. (Th. ii.) In law, like in ordinary language, signs are the consequence of a necessity, of a need of knowing the world and of ordering it according to categories. In law, this necessity has a peculiar nature because it originates in the decision-making process and because its consequences are normative and produce effects on life and reality; analogical inference offers a good example of the connection between the need to fix the semantic content of verbal signs (often intensional) and the decision-making process. Meanings in legal discourse are thus intersubjective, time-related and are in a permanent relational with the historical interpretant.
Rare earth-ruthenium-magnesium intermetallics
Authors: Stein Sebastian , Kersting Marcel , Heletta Lukas , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: May 2017

Eight new intermetallic rare earth-ruthenium-magnesium compounds have been synthesized from the elements in sealed niobium ampoules using different annealing sequences in muffle furnaces. The compounds have been characterized by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Sm9.2Ru6Mg17.8 (a=939.6(2), c=1779(1) pm), Gd11Ru6Mg16 (a=951.9(2), c=1756.8(8) pm), and Tb10.5Ru6Mg16.5 (a=942.5(1), c=1758.3(4) pm) crystallize with the tetragonal Nd9.34Ru6Mg17.66 type structure, space group I4/mmm. This structure exhibits a complex condensation pattern of square-prisms and square-antiprisms around the magnesium and ruthenium atoms, respectively. Y2RuMg2 (a=344.0(1), c=2019(1) pm) and Tb2RuMg2 (a=341.43(6), c=2054.2(7) pm) adopt the Er2RuMg2 structure and Tm3Ru2Mg (a=337.72(9), c=1129.8(4) pm) is isotypic with Sc3Ru2Mg. Tm3Ru2Mg2 (a=337.35(9), c=2671(1) pm) and Lu3Ru2Mg2 (a=335.83(5), c=2652.2(5) pm) are the first ternary ordered variants of the Ti3Cu4 type, space group I4/mmm. These five compounds belong to a large family of intermetallics which are completely ordered superstructures of the bcc subcell. The group-subgroup scheme for Lu3Ru2Mg2 is presented. The common structural motif of all three structure types are ruthenium-centered rare earth cubes reminicent of the CsCl type. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of Y2RuMg2 and Lu3Ru2Mg2 samples revealed Pauli paramagnetism of the conduction electrons.
Los imaginarios de “inversores”, “mercados” y “valor” en la distribución del dinero por la industria financiera: un estudio de caso sobre los derivados de crédito
Authors: Ortiz Horacio
Published: May 2017

Este texto se basa en una encuesta por observación participante como asistente al análisis financiero en una multinacional de gestión de fondos de inversión en 2004 en Francia. La compra de derivados de crédito, basados en créditos inmobiliarios en Estados Unidos, por parte de empleados de una multinacional francesa, a cuenta de sus clientes extendidos en otros puntos del planeta, integraba miles de personas en una serie de interdependencias financieras, cuyas jerarquías y violencias estaban administradas por empleados como los observados en el estudio de campo. El texto muestra que la distribución social del dinero a través de estas prácticas debe ser entendida como el resultado de las lógicas organizacionales dentro de la empresa y dentro de la red comercial en la que se inscribe. Estas prácticas profesionales están coordenadas de manera global, de una empresa a otra, y de una jurisdicción a otra, a través de imaginarios comunes según los cuales los beneficios monetarios son una “creación de valor” que resulta del encuentro de “inversores” en “mercados eficientes”. Estos conceptos articulan no solo los discursos políticos que se utilizaron para justificar los cambios reglamentarios en la industria financiera en los últimos treinta años, en Estados Unidos, Europa, y muchas otras jurisdicciones, sino que también se encuentran en la definición minuciosa de las fórmulas matemáticas, las metodologías y los organigramas de las empresas financieras. Por ello, los profesionales también movilizan estos discursos también funcionan para darle sentido y justificación a su práctica cotidiana. El texto muestra la diferencia que existe entre esta prácticas profesionales y burocráticas y los conceptos a partir de los cuales se las justifica. De esta manera, el texto contribuye a una crítica de las reglamentaciones y de la organización de la distribución del dinero por la industria financiera, en el marco global de sus operaciones.
La financiarización de los hogares bajo el prisma de otras crisis
Authors: Luzzi Mariana
Published: May 2017

Este artículo busca contribuir al análisis de los procesos de financiarización,  entendidos en el sentido de una creciente conexión de las economías de los hogares con las finanzas de mercado. Poniendo el foco en la crisis argentina de 2001, y en especial en el conflicto por las hipotecas al que ella dio origen, el trabajo se propone por un lado llamar la atención sobre las diferentes formas y ritmos que la financiarización ha asumido en distintos contextos nacionales. Al mismo tiempo, y más allá de las especificidades del caso abordado, muestra la productividad del estudio de las crisis para dar cuenta tanto de las modalidades específicas de expansión de las finanzas como de sus consecuencias. Entre ellas, se destaca la conformación de colectivos sociales (en este caso, de deudores hipotecarios) producidos en interacción con el desarrollo de las finanzas, que el artículo examina en particular.
Cachorros e humanos: mercado de rações pet em perspectiva sociológica
Authors: Mazon Marcia da Silva , De Moura Wandgleisom Garcia
Published: May 2017

O artigo discute mudanças no mercado de rações para animais de estimação a partir do referencial da Sociologia Econômica. Os dados empíricos utilizados são provenientes de entrevistas realizadas com veterinários, donos de pet shops todas realizadas em Florianópolis, estado de Santa Catarina. Ao longo do artigo abordamos o processo de globalização e suas consequências no mercado de rações. O movimento de fusões e aquisições de empresas multinacionais do setor de rações pet na década de 1990 constrói e é construído pela modulação do significado dos cachorros dentro dos lares. Inicialmente eles são bens úteis para proteger as casas e nas últimas décadas tornam-se parte dos lares, inúteis e consomem parte do orçamento familiar.
ÇEVRE SORUNLARI İLE MÜCADELEDE MALİYE POLİTİKALARI
Authors: KETE Halil , AYDIN Mehmet Sadık , KAYA Hakan
Published: May 2017

Çevre kirliliğine sebep olan atık ve artıkların azaltılması, atıkların geri kazanılması veya yeniden kullanılması, daha az kirlilikle elde edilebilecek üretim teknolojilerin geliştirilmesi ve enerji tasarrufunun sağlanması ve en önemlisi üretim ve tüketim tercihlerinin çevreye duyarlı bir hale getirilmesi ekolojik vergiler gibi maliye politikası araçları ile gerçekleştirilebilmekte ve çevre kirliliği ile oluşan zararın karşılanması için bir kaynak elde edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle çevre sorunlarının teorik altyapısı ve güncel durumu ele alınmış, devamında bu sorunların çözümünde kullanılabilecek maliye politikası araçları incelenmiş ve çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir. Özellikle birleşmiş milletler gibi uluslararası kuruluşlara çevre politikalarının belirlenmesi ve çevre sorunlarının çözümü hususunda önemli sorumluluk ve görev düşmektedir. Bu düşünceden hareketle makalede ”yeşil ekonomi konusu”; ekolojik ve çevresel riskleri belirgin bir şekilde azaltırken, sosyal eşitlik ve insan refahını iyileştiren bir kavram olarak, sadece çevreyi korumakla kalmayıp, ekonomik kalkınmanın sağlanmasında da etkili bir araç olarak kullanılabileceği ele alınmıştır.
Safety of Rituximab Compared with Steroids and Cyclophosphamide for Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: van den Brand Jan A.J.G. , Ruggenenti Piero , Chianca Antonietta , Hofstra Julia M. , Perna Annalisa , Ruggiero Barbara , Wetzels Jack F.M. , Remuzzi Giuseppe
Published: May 2017

Guidelines recommend steroid plus cyclical cyclophosphamide (St-Cp) therapy for patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy at high risk of progression to ESRD. Rituximab (Rtx) may be a safer alternative. In this retrospective, observational cohort study, we compared time to any adverse event (primary outcome); serious or nonserious events; partial and complete remission of the nephrotic syndrome; and a composite of doubling of serum creatinine, ESRD, or death between 100 Rtx-treated patients and 103 patients who received daily St-Cp. We monitored patients with standardized protocols and adjusted for baseline characteristics by Cox regression. Over a median follow-up of 40 months, the Rtxgroup had significantly fewer adverse events than the St-Cpgroup (63 versus 173;P<0.001), both serious (11 versus 46;P<0.001) and nonserious (52 versus 127;P<0.001). Cumulative incidence of any first (35.5% versus 69.0%;P<0.001), serious (16.4% versus 30.2%;P=0.002), or nonserious (23.6% versus 60.8%;P<0.001) event was significantly lower with Rtx. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) between Rtxand St-Cpgroups were 0.27 (0.16 to 0.44) for any first adverse event, 0.32 (0.15 to 0.68) for serious adverse events, and 0.23 (0.13 to 0.41) for nonserious adverse events. Although the cumulative incidence of partial remission was lower in the Rtxgroup, rates of complete remission and the composite renal end point did not differ significantly between groups. Because of its superior safety profile, we suggest that Rtxmight replace St-Cpas first-line immunosuppressive therapy in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy and nephrotic syndrome.
Eksyttäjinä taiteen politiikassa
Authors: Hirvi-Ijäs Maria
Published: May 2017

Otso Kantokorpi ja Antti Majava (2015). Taiteen puheeksi ottamisen opas. Helsinki: Taiteen edistämiskeskus. 35 s. (Sähköinen julkaisu, URL: http://taiteenpuheeksiottamisenopas.taike.fi)
Profanaatio ja leikki Giorgio Agambenin ajattelussa – eräs näkökulma kulttuurin poliittiseen merkitykseen
Authors: Harni Esko
Published: May 2017

-
Functional analysis of cT-DNAs in naturally transformed plants, recent findings and general considerations
Authors: Otten Léon
Published: May 2017

Several cases have been reported of naturally transformed plant species. These plants contain cellular T-DNAs (cT-DNAs) derived from ancient infections by Agrobacterium. We have determined the structure of 4 different cT-DNAs in N. tomentosiformis, the paternal ancestor of N. tabacum, and found several intact open reading frames. Among these, TB-mas2’ and TA-rolC were tested for activity. TB-mas2’ encodes desoxyfructosylglutamine (DFG) synthesis. Some N. tabacum cultivars show very high TB-mas2’ expression and produce DFG in their roots. The TA-rolC gene is biologically active and when expressed under strong constitutive promoter control, generates growth changes in N. tabacum. Based on these first data on the structure and function of cT-DNAs I present a theoretical model on the origin and evolution of naturally transformed plants, which may serve as a basis for further research in this field.
Genetically modified organisms authorized for cultivation and breeding in Russia
Authors: Matveeva Tatiana V , Azarakhsh Mahboobe
Published: May 2017

Summary: In July 2016 the State Duma adopted the Federal Law On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in terms of improving the state regulation in the field of genetic engineering (03.07.2016 N 358-FL). This review is devoted to the analysis of Article 4 of the Act, namely the discussion of what GMOs may be authorized for cultivation and breeding in Russia.
Karyotype and inversion polymorphism of natural populations Glyptotendipes glaucus (meigen), 1818 (diptera, chironomidae) from the small reservoirs of Kaliningrad
Authors: Vinokurova Natalia V , Kalinina Evgeniya A , Stol’ Edgar E
Published: May 2017

Background. A larvae of family Chironomidae are the most mass and widespread species of macrozoobenthos and play an important role in the lives of almost all types of reservoirs. They constitute a convenient model in the analysis of anthropogenic influences. Besides, chironomids have the largest polytene chromosomes in nature that allow carrying out cytogenetic analysis of the impact of various toxic substances on chromosomal aberrations. Materials and methods. The karyotype and chromosomal inversion polymorphism one of the species phytophilic chironomids Glyptotendipes glaucus (Meigen, 1818) from five reservoirs of Kaliningrad (ponds Chistyi and Mel’nichnyi, system of ponds Karasevka, lakes Pen’kovoe and Shkol’noe) was studied. Cytological mapping of chromosomes was performed by system of Belyanina and Durnova (1998). Results. The levels of natural inversion polymorphism for each populations were determined. Comparison of inversion polymorphism with early data for Saratov, Bryansk and Kaliningrad regions was carried. The preservation of tendencies of distribution and prevalence gomo-and heterozygotic inversions of glaB1.2, glaB2.2 and also consolidation in the karyofund of populations sequence glaA2 in the heterozygous state in ponds Karasevka and Chistyi was observed. The characteristic for an earlier research of populations Glyptotendipes glaucus of Kaliningrad the presence inversion sequences glaG4 and glaD2 is retained. The level of inversion polymorphism for reservoirs of Kaliningrad has decreased and has approached nearer to data for Bryansk and Saratov regions. Conclusion. Based on these results we can offer a working hypothesis of a direct dependence of value of chromosomal polymorphism on the level of pollution of reservoirs ions of heavy metals (Kaliningrad), long-living radionuclides (Bryansk region), nitrates and ions of ammoniac nitrogen (Saratov region).
Retsenziya na knigu S.K. Abileva i V.M. Glazera «Mutagenez s osnovami gentoksikologii»
Authors: Inge-Vechtomov S G
Published: May 2017

-
Pleistocene Glaciations in the Northern Tropical Andes, South America (Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador)
Authors: Angel I. , Guzman O. , Carcaillet J.
Published: May 2017

This article presents an overview of glaciation studies in the northern tropical Andes (Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador) mostly based on glacial geochronological data. The oldest dated evidences of glaciations are recorded in the Colombian Andes at the Bogotá Plain between 3000-3500 m a.s.l., dated between 1-3 Ma. Maximum extent of former glaciers in the northern Andes seems to have occurred prior to the global Last Glacial Maximum (gLGM). In the Venezuelan-Mérida Andes, former glaciers mostly reached the lowest recorded elevations during MIS 5-MIS 4, whereas in the Colombian Andes Andes, the maximum extents are recorded prior to 38 ka. In the Ecuadorian Andes the most extensive glacial cover probably occurred during MIS 8. In the northern tropical Andes, studied glacier advances are mainly related to MIS 2 period between the final gLGM to the Oldest Dryas (~18 ka-15 ka). Glacier advances during the Younger Dryas (~ 12.7 ka-11.7 ka) are not extensively evidenced and mainly restricted to elevations higher than ~ 3500 m a.s.l.