bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cumplimiento de los requisitos de transparencia: un diagnóstico de la situación para los municipios españoles de más de 50.000 habitantes
Authors: Delgado Jalón María Luisa , Navarro Heras Emilio , Mora Agudo Leonor
Published: October 2017

La publicación de la Ley 19 del 9 de diciembre del 2013, también llamada Ley de Transparencia, acceso a la información pública y buen gobierno, ha puesto de actualidad en España el concepto de transparencia. Con la aprobación de esta Ley, España se encuentra ante una nueva realidad que contrasta con la falta de tradición de muchas administraciones públicas en la rendición de sus cuentas, carencia que se hace especialmente significativa en lo referente a la posibilidad de que la actividad de la administración pueda ser enjuiciada también por la sociedad. Por ello, parece lógico que su aplicación muestre todavía numerosas debilidades que, sin duda, han ido mejorando a medida que se va produciendo el cambio cultural requerido. Este proceso es aún más complicado cuando nos referimos a la administración local. El propósito de este trabajo ha sido la medición del grado de cumplimiento de la Ley de Transparencia en los 144 municipios españoles con población superior a 50.000 habitantes, conforme a un indicador de elaboración propia que contempla el análisis de las cuatro áreas de información legisladas que deben ser publicadas por los ayuntamientos en sus respectivas páginas web. Los resultados indican que, tras unos meses desde la implantación de la Ley, existe una amplia necesidad de mejora tanto en el ámbito institucional, organizativo y de planificación, como en el de información económica, presupuestaria y estadística, entendiendo que es en esta última donde las corporaciones municipales han de hacer un mayor esfuerzo.
Impacto de Crise sobre o Comportamento de Poupança de Famílias Americanas
Authors: Gurgel Carneiro de Oliv Otávio Do Amaral , Dos Santos Felipe Israel José , Mendes-Da-Silva Wesley
Published: October 2017

Este estudo utiliza dados do Survey of Consumer Finances (SGF) de 2007 e 2013 para examinar a propensão à poupança das famílias americanas no período de pré e pós-crise econômica, baseando-se no modelo de dois períodos de consumo/poupança de Bowman, Minehart e Rabin (1999). Esse modelo assume existência de assimetria no comportamento de poupança dos agentes em resposta a choques positivos e negativos na renda. Os resultados obtidos via modelos logit sugerem que a crise tenha aumentado a relevância de fatores como número de filhos, idade, grau de instrução, renda e incerteza econômica; enquanto patrimônio, tolerância a risco financeiro, horizonte de investimento, saúde e possuir casa própria foram fatores que perderam relevância. As evidências sugerem que eventos da magnitude da crise de 2008 podem ocasionar mudanças no comportamento financeiro dos agentes, as quais são inteiramente explicadas pelos choques financeiros.
Evaluación de las tarifas de las pensiones de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales (2011-2015)
Authors: Castañer Garriga Anna , Pérez-Salamero González Juan Manuel , Vidal Meliá Carlos
Published: October 2017

Este trabajo analiza si las tarifas que se aplican para la determinación del denominado capital coste de pensiones derivadas de los accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales son las adecuadas. A partir de los datos de la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales y de la evolución de la longevidad de la población general en España, se estiman tablas de mortalidad para las contingencias de viudedad e invalidez que, combinadas con los parámetros económicos y financieros apropiados, permiten construir las bases técnicas actuarialmente justas para cada uno de los años objeto de análisis. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las tarifas aplicadas en el periodo 2011- 2014 han sido muy superiores a las que se deberían haber aplicado, lo que habría originado una transferencia encubierta de recursos de las Mutuas Colaboradoras de la Seguridad Social hacia la Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social. Se concluye que es urgente articular un procedimiento de revisión periódica anual que adapte los elementos fundamentales de la tarifa a las cambiantes condiciones financieras, económicas y demográficas.
Reseña de M. Reina, G. Silva, L. Samper y M. Fernández, Juan Valdez: la estrategia detrás de la marca
Authors: Parente Ana María
Published: October 2017

El libro Juan Valdez, la estrategia detrás de la marca busca explicar la táctica de valorización del café colombiano desarrollada por la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros (FNC), que tiene como principal objetivo beneficiar a los caficultores colombianos a lo largo de la cadena de valor. Para ello, el texto hace un recuento del contexto del mercado cafetero mundial, haciendo énfasis en los principales proveedores y consumidores hasta finalmente centrarse en la construcción de la marca Café de Colombia® y Juan Valdez® como estrategias para darle competitividad al grano colombiano.En el cumplimiento de este objetivo, los autores usaron información primaria y secundaria, en su mayoría compuesta por documentos y libros que discutían la evolución e historia del mercado cafetero a nivel mundial. De igual manera, también emplearon do-aumentos internos de la FNC en los que consignan las estrategias desarrolladas por la organización para el posicio-namiento de la marca Juan Valdez®. Así mismo, se destacan entrevistas realizadas a expertos en el tema.El texto fue escrito por un grupo multi-disciplinario, relacionado directamente la producción caficultora colombiana y a la FNC. Inicialmente, se destaca Mauricio Reina, economista y Magíster en Relaciones internacionales, quien se ha desempeñado como Viceministro de comercio exterior e investigador de Fedesarrollo. El segundo autor, Gabriel Silva es un economista colombiano que ocupó el cargo de director de la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros durante 7 años, incluyendo el año de escritura del libro. Parte del equipo de escritura incluye dos autores que tienen un perfil con una orientación al mercadeo, lo que permite que la segunda parte del libro tenga este énfasis: el primero de ellos es Luis Fernando Samper, quien en el momento de publicación era el director de propiedad intelectual de la FNC, y la segunda es María del Pilar Fernández, asesora en asuntos económicos de la gerencia de la marca Juan Valdez®.
Hydraulic conditioning to manage potable water discolouration
Authors: Sharpe Rebecca L. , Biggs Catherine A. , Boxall Joby B.
Published: October 2017

Results are reported from studies conducted using a unique laboratory-based, full-scale, temperature-controlled pipe facility to examine the impact of conditioning shear stress on discolouration risk, as characterised by bulk water samples (turbidity, iron and manganese) and biofilm pipe wall measurements. The facility uniquely allowed for replication of the dynamics of an operational network but with rigorous control, thus yielding fully representative results overcoming the limitations of bench-scale or operational studies. The effect of the daily variation in flow (and boundary shear stress) was observed to be greater than the effect of the average daily flow rate at reducing discolouration risk. This is useful for informing operation and maintenance strategies, specifically that regularly imposing cycles of flow variation are more effective than increasing total average flow rates at limiting discolouration risk. The application of such knowledge aids the development of cost-effective, proactive, operational interventions to manage discolouration.
The Shaping, Enactment and Interpretation of the First Hate-Crime Law in the United Kingdom - An Informative and Illustrative Lesson for South Africa
Authors: Naidoo Kamban
Published: October 2017

Hate crimes are crimes that are motivated by personal prejudice or bias. Hate-crime laws criminalise such conduct and allow for the imposition of aggravated penalties on convicted perpetrators. This article examines the historical, social and political factors which influenced the shaping and enactment of the first British hate-crime law. The South African context is also considered since the Department of Justice has recently released the Prevention and Combatting of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Bill for public commentary and input.

While Britain has had a long historical record of criminal conduct that was motivated by the race and the ethnicity of victims, it was only in the twentieth century that civil society first drew attention to the problem of violent racist crimes. Nevertheless, successive British governments denied the problem of racist crimes and refused to consider the enactment of a hate-crime law. Following a high-profile racist murder and a governmental inquiry, a British Labour Party-led government eventually honoured its pre-election commitment and passed a hate-crime law in 1998.

Some parallels are apparent between the British and the South African contexts. South Africa also has a long historical record of racially motivated hate crimes. Moreover, in the post-apartheid era there have been numerous reports of racist hate crimes and hate crimes against Black lesbian women and Black foreigners. Despite several appeals from the academic and non-governmental sectors for the enactment of a hate-crime law, and the circulation for public commentary of the Prevention and Combating of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Bill, such a law has hitherto not been enacted in South Africa. This article posits that the enactment of a hate-crime law is a constitutional imperative in South Africa in terms of the right to equality and the right to freedom and security of the person. While the enactment of a hate-crime law in South Africa is recommended, it is conceded that enacting a hate-crime law will not eradicate criminal conduct motivated by prejudice and bias.
El libro de artista como work in progress: Urban Book de Alejandro Villabazo / Art Book as work in progress: Urban Book by Alejandro Villalbazo
Authors: Ledezma Campos Miguel Angel
Published: October 2017

El presente texto analiza la expansión de las relaciones entre la historia y la antropología a través de las poéticas del desplazamiento y el libro de artista, tomando como caso de estudio el proyecto Urban Book.  Art Book as work in progress: Urban Book by Alejandro VillalbazoThe present text analyzes the expansion of the relations between history and anthropology through the poetics of displacement and art book, taking as a case study the Urban Book project.
UNA HISTORIA QUE CONTAR Serie de estampas de gran formato Variaciones a partir de las mismas planchas / A story to tell Series of large format prints Variations from the same plates
Authors: Evangelio Rodríguez Fernando
Published: October 2017

Desarrollo de un proceso complejo de grabado y estampación por combinación de técnicas, materiales y recursos metodológicos, orientado a obtener, a partir de variaciones en la interrealación de las matrices empleadas, resultados diversos. Al final se muestra cómo este modo de trabajar da lugar a  conjunto de estampas diferentes pero con una vinculación discursiva, que permite mostralas agrupandolas en una secuencia, como es el caso del tríptico presentado, y también en forma de imágenes independientes.A story to tell Series of large format prints Variations from the same platesThe series titled A story to tell is a set of large format prints (180 x 69 cm.) Made by embossing and hollow. The genesis of this series is forged by a confluence of feelings, memories and concerns, whose original detonating part of the decision to use for the two wood plates the worn board of a table that had been in my studio for more than three decades, and which had Status in use to date. As it is to be expected, after so many years the board had a large baggage of layers of paint, traces of friction, blows and memories of all kinds, it was a work table, although it had served so much to draw, to paint, to varnish, Etc., such as eating, chatting or playing cards about her, and I had been accompanied by four different studies.For all this, the present essay treats a story to tell that is articulated around the preparation of the board for its new function, while in my mind are recreating all the experiences that day by day had been accompanying us to the present.
Organizacijska kultura v izbrani pravni osebi javnega sektorja [Organisational Culture in Selected Legal Entity in Public Sector]
Authors: Belac Sonja , Košmrlj Katarina , Markič Mirko
Published: October 2017

Raziskava postavlja v ospredje problematiko organizacijske in upravne kulture v povezavi s pristopi v javni upravi, z managementom sprememb in s strateškim managementom v organizacijah javne uprave. Empirični del razišče obstoječo in želeno organizacijsko kulturo ter obstoj odpora do sprememb v izbrani organizaciji javne uprave in podaja predloge za morebitno izboljšanje. Podatki in informacije so bile pridobljene z uporabo OCAI vprašalnika Camerona in Quinna, ki sta jim bili dodani še dve vprašanji za ugotavljanje odpora do sprememb. Rezultati analize kažejo, da je prevladujoči tip organizacijske kulture v izbrani organizaciji kultura hierarhije in da bi si zaposleni v bodoče želeli prevladujoče organizacijske kulture tipa klan v vseh njenih vidikih. Iz raziskave tudi izhaja, da zaposleni dojemajo organizacijsko kulturo v vseh organizacijskih enotah enako in da so statistične razlike v dojemanju organizacijske kulture med vodstvenim kadrom in ostalimi zaposlenimi le v organizacijski kulturi tipa hierarhije. Izidi raziskave obenem kažejo prisotnost odpora do sprememb. Stanje v organizaciji se sklada tudi s sliko javne uprave v evropskem okolju, kjer so prisotne tako tradicionalne vrednote in vrednote nove kulture, kot tudi strah in odpor do sprememb.The research focuses on the organisational and administrative culture in relation to the approaches to public administration, strategic and change management in the public administration organisations. The purpose of the research is to empirically determine the type of present and desired organisational culture, to establish the presence of resistance to change in the selected public organisation, and to design proposals for the improvement of its organisational culture. Data and information were collected using the OCAI questionnaire – Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument developed by Cameron and Quinn in addition of two questions referring to the resistance to change. The results of the survey revealed that AJPES is dominated by a hierarchy culture and that in the opinion of employees, the organisation’s preferred or future culture should be a clan culture type in all its aspects. The results also showed that the perception of organisational culture is the same in all organizational units and different regarding managers and other employees referring to the hierarchy culture. Moreover, the results revealed the presence of resistance to change. This is congruent with the European environment where traditional values, new cultural values, as well as fear and resistance to change can be seen as components of organisational culture in public administration organisations.
Analiza kakovosti strokovnih usposabljanj na področju digitalizacije poslovanja v izbranem javnem zavodu [Analysis of Professional Training in Business Digitalisation at a Selected Public Institute]
Authors: Lipovž Dobruša , Moretti Melita
Published: October 2017

Kvantitativno analizo kakovosti strokovnih usposabljanj na področju digitalizacije poslovanja v izbranem javnem zavodu smo izvedli s pomočjo merskega instrumenta SERVQUAL, s katerim smo merili udeleženčeva pričakovanja in njihove zaznave kakovosti strokovnih usposabljanj na področju digitalizacije poslovanja, in sicer s pomočjo petih razsežnosti: zunanje podobe, zanesljivosti, odzivnosti, zaupanja in pozornosti. Analiza je pokazala, da se pričakovana kakovost usposabljanja na področju digitalizacije poslovanja v izbranem javnem zavodu statistično značilno razlikuje od dejanske zaznane kakovosti ter da je dejavnik zaznane kakovosti usposabljanj »zanesljivost izvajalca in predavatelja« pozitivno povezan z zadovoljstvom udeležencev teh usposabljanj. Rezultati analize bodo lahko v pomoč upravljalcem človeških virov in managementu v izbranem javnem zavodu in v drugih organizacijah, kakor tudi raziskovalcem, saj lahko ti na osnovi ugotovitev te raziskave ter dodatno zbranih podatkov izpeljejo dodatne analize.A quantitative analysis was performed about the quality of professional training in business digitalisation at a selected public institute with the SERVQUAL measurement instrument that measured the expectations of the participants and perception of quality of professional training in business digitalisation by measuring the following five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and attentiveness. The analysis has shown that the expected quality of training in business digitalisation at the selected public institute statistically significantly differs from the actual perceived quality, and that the factor of perceived quality of training ‘the reliability of the provider and the lecturer’ positively corresponded with the satisfaction of the participants in these trainings. The results of the analysis will be of practical assistance for managers of human resources and the management of the selected public institute, other organisations, as well as researchers, who can carry out additional research on the basis of the findings of this research and additional selected data.
Indicadores para avaliação da qualidade da assistência de enfermagem: estudo descritivo-exploratório
Authors: Pinto Vitoria Regina , Cruz Machado Ferreira Simone
Published: October 2017

Objetivo:  identificar  os  principais  indicadores  para  avaliação  da qualidade  da  assistência  de  enfermagem  na  perspectiva  de  enfermeiros.  Método: pesquisa  descritivo-exploratória,  de  abordagem  qualitativa,  com  14  enfermeiros  de unidades  de  clínica  médica  de  um  hospital  universitário  do  Rio de  Janeiro.  Os  dados foram  coletados  por  entrevista  semiestruturada  e  tratados  por  estatística  descritiva  e análise  de  conteúdo.  Resultados:  segundo  relatos  dos  enfermeiros,  os  três  indicadores prioritários foram: incidência de lesão por pressão, incidência de queda e incidência de flebite. Conclusão: A avaliação dos fatores de riscos que podem desencadear a lesão por pressão,  a  queda  e  a  flebite  está  no  âmbito  de  atuação  do  enfermeiro,  que  podem desenvolver  estratégias  preventivas  que  se  alicerçam  em  protocolos  de  enfermagem, como a mudança de decúbito, a avaliação e troca de dispositivos de acesso vascular.
Prevenção e controle de infecção na formação do enfermeiro: estudo descritivo
Authors: Sousa Alvaro Francisco Lopes de , Matos Matheus Costa Brandão , Matos João Gabriel Noleto Ferreira de , Sousa Laelson Rochele Milanês , Moura Maria Eliete Batista , Andrade Denise de
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: oferecer subsídios para ampliar a discussão do ensino das práticas   de   prevenção   e   controle   de   infecção   na   formação   do   profissional   de enfermagem.  Material  e  Métodos:  pesquisa  exploratória,  descritiva, de  abordagem qualitativa,  fundamentada  no  método  do  Discurso  do  Sujeito  Coletivo.  Participaram  42 discentes  de  enfermagem,  de  uma  instituição  de  ensino  superior brasileira.  Os  dados foram processados e analisados pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: obteve-se  quatro  classes  relacionadas  ao  cuidado  de  enfermagem  na  prevenção  e controle   da   infecção,   as   bases   conceituais,   responsabilidades   e   aquisição   de conhecimentos  para  uma  assistência  segura.  Conclusão:  a  formação  de  recursos humanos  na  área  de  enfermagem  com  ênfase  na  prevenção  e  controle da  infecção representa  um  desafio  especialmente  pela  constante  evolução  da  temática. Neste cenário  dinâmico,  o  ensino  de  enfermagem  exige,  entre  outros  aspectos, superar fragilidades e equívocos conceituais para o desenvolvimento de uma assistência à saúde segura e livre de danos.
Fatores associados ao desempenho no Mini Exame do Estado Mental: estudo transversal
Authors: Blanski Grden Clóris Regina , Da Rocha July Hellen Linhares , Cabral Luciane Patrícia Andreani , De Sousa Jacy Aurélia Vieira , Reche Péricles Martim , Borges Pollyanna Kássia de Oliveira
Published: October 2017

Objetivo:  identificar  os  fatores  associados  ao  desempenho  no  Mini Exame   do   Estado   Mental   (MEEM)   de   idosos   atendidos   em   um   ambulatório   de especialidades.  Método:  estudo  transversal,  com  amostra  por  conveniência,  constituída por 216 idosos que aguardavam consulta no ambulatório de especialidades, no período de março a junho de 2015, com aplicação de instrumento estruturado e do MEEM. Para análise,  utilizou-se  o  software  Stata  versão  12®  e  os  resultados  foram  considerados estatisticamente  significativos  quando  p<0,05.  Resultados:  houve  predomínio  do  sexo feminino  (54%),  casados  (44%),  que  moravam  com  o  cônjuge  (41%),  e com  baixa escolaridade (70%). Identificou-se associação significativa entre o desempenho no MEEM e   sexo   (p=0,001),   escolaridade   (p=0,001),   renda   (p=0,001),   arranjo   domiciliar (p=0,002),  renda  mensal  individual  (p=0,001).  Conclusão:  identificar  precocemente  o declínio  cognitivo  e  fatores  associados  possibilita  que  estratégias  de  prevenção  e/ou tratamento   sejam   implementadas   pelos   profissionais   de   saúde, em   especial   o enfermeiro.
Absenteísmo, rotatividade e indicadores de qualidade do cuidado em enfermagem: estudo transversal
Authors: Tigre de Arruda Leitão Ilse Maria , Pereira de Sousa Fernando Sérgio , Cavalcante dos Santos Santiago Jenifa , Cavalcante Bezerra Indara , Borges de Morais Jamine
Published: October 2017

Objetivo:  analisar  os  índices  de  absenteísmo  e  rotatividade  e sua relação   com   indicadores   de   qualidade   assistenciais.   Método:   estudo   transversal, quantitativo,   realizado   com   registros   de   ausências/trocas   de  59   profissionais   de enfermagem    de    unidade    de    terapia    intensiva;    registro    dos    indicadores    de qualidade/incidência  e  prontuários  dos  108  pacientes  internados  no  período  da  coleta. Utilizou-se  coeficiente  de  correlação  linear  entre  indicadores  de  gestão  e  de  qualidade assistencial.   Resultados:   médias   das   taxas   de   absenteísmo   alcançaram   9,41% (enfermeiros)   e   12,52%   (técnicos);   índices   de   rotatividade   alcançaram   2,53% (enfermeiros) e 3,57% (técnicos). Houve correlação forte (r>0,7) entre: rotatividade dos enfermeiros  e  incidência  de  extubação  acidental  (p=0,464);  taxa  de  absenteísmo  dos técnicos e perda de sonda nasoenteral (p=0,300); lesão por pressão (p=0,100) e perda de  cateter central  (p=0,200)  que  também foi correlacionado  com  taxa de  absenteísmo dos  enfermeiros  (p=0113).  Conclusão:  Os  resultados  elucidados  subsidiam  condutas para a gestão de pessoas e melhoria da assistência, visando reduzir danos ao paciente.
ESTADO PLURINACIONAL E DEMOCRACIA INTERCULTURAL NA BOLÍVIA
Authors: MAYORGA Fernando
Published: October 2017

Em 2009, entrou em vigência uma nova Constituição Política que define um modelo estatal inédito – Estado Plurinacional – que se caracteriza pelo pluralismo jurídico, econômico, linguístico, cultural e político a partir do reconhecimento dos direitos coletivos dos povos indígenas. Em sua faceta política, expressa-se no reconhecimento da democracia comunitária – formas de eleição e seleção de autoridades e representantes por meio das práticas e costumes indígenas – que se articula com a democracia representativa e a democracia direta e participativa. A combinação variável de regulamentos e instituições dessas três primeiras formas de democracia configuram a democracia intercultural. Esse modelo de Estado condensa o projeto político do Movimento para o Socialismo (MAS), partido que domina a cena política boliviana há mais de uma década sob a liderança de Evo Morales, eleito em três eleições consecutivas (2005, 2009, 2014). Neste trabalho esboçamos os contornos do desenho político e institucional vigente desde a promulgação da nova constituição política em 2009, e as características do processo político – denominado “processo de mudança” - iniciado ao final de 2005 com a primeira vitória eleitoral do MAS, há mais de uma década.
A ECONOMIA POLÍTICA DOS BACHARÉIS UDENISTAS
Authors: CHALOUB Jorge Gomes de Souza
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo expõe as concepções de economia dos principais bacharéis udenistas, tais como Afonso Arinos, Aliomar Baleeiro e Bilac Pinto. Distintamente da consagrada tese de Maria Victoria Benevides, que vê nos bacharéis um discurso econômico arcaico e vago, o texto identifica uma concepção relativamente estável da economia, compreendendo-a como atravessada por imposições de ordem política e jurídica. Não se está diante da ausência de reflexões, mas de uma perspectiva politizada da economia, coerente com o tipo de liberalismo defendido por tais atores, que conferem ao direito, e não ao mercado, o protagonismo na ordenação do mundo social. O texto também demonstra como os bacharéis não ignoravam os debates da teoria econômica contemporânea, mesmo que se vinculassem a outra tradição política. A proximidade com as questões da época, não passava, todavia, pela recusa ao passado, mas decorria da atualização de certas tradições, como a centralidade estatal, há pouco em descrédito.
COLEÇÕES E AGÊNCIAS PATRIMONIAIS: DA FORMALIDADE À INFORMALIDADE DAS EXPERIÊNCIAS DE COLECIONISMO CONTEMPORÂNEAS
Authors: LOPES José Rogério
Published: October 2017

O artigo discute as demandas emergentes das políticas de diversidade cultural e seus desdobramentos nos processos de patrimonialização cultural, buscando evidenciar a correspondência estabelecida entre esses processos e as práticas informais de patrimonialização de colecionadores não institucionalizados. Nesse contexto, descrevem-se três quadros de experiência colecionistas, de forma a evidenciar que o colecionismo contemporâneo configura projetos de patrimonialização articulados em torno da biografia dos indivíduos, de performances relacionais e compromissos identitários, como mapas de orientação social.
LANDSCAPE FEATURES OF ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE BREST REGION NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Sokolov A.
Published: October 2017

This paper analyzes the patterns of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes in the Brest region, as measured by value indicators such as forest cover (and geo-ecological coefficient based on it), the density of rural population, the share of residential landscapes. Correlation between nature properties of landscapes underlying their classification, and these indicators was detected. It was found that the genera of landscapes, which represent the maximum disturbance, are secondary-moraine and moraine-outwash landscapes, the subgenera of landscapes are with a cover and a discontinuous cover of glacial sandy loams. The least disturbance is distinctive for secondary water-glacial and alluvial terraced landscapes and among genera – with superficial cover of water-glacial sands and with superficial bedding of peat and sand. The necessity of protected areas network optimization is shown. The results showed a significant imbalance between the ecological condition of the landscape which belong to certain classification groups and their representation in the protected areas system of the region. Landscapes with the worst ecological situation, as a rule, occupy a small proportion among all landscapes of protected areas. This case does not allow carrying out fully the tasks of protection and restoration of the diversity of ecosystems of the region. Among genera share of protected areas is much greater than the share of the region generally occupy wetland and floodplain landscapes. Moraine-outwash landscapes, characterized by a critical environmental condition are not represented in the protected areas system. Among subgenera areas in protected territories are far larger than in the region are characterized for landscapes with superficial stratification of peat and sand, considerably smaller – for landscapes with a cover of water-glacial sandy loams and loams, ecological condition of which is estimated as critical. Thus, the existing network of protected areas in Brest region needs to be optimized be including those genera and subgenera of landscapes, which are characterized by the worst environmental condition and restore these areas to natural communities.
STUDY OF DNIEPER’S ISLANDS’ SHORELINE CHANGE DYNAMICS WITHIN KIEV REGION (AT THE EXAMPLE OF VELYKIY PIVNICHNIY ISLAND)
Authors: Tomchenko O. , Mazurkiewicz L. , Malets A.
Published: October 2017

Changes of Dnieper’s islands’ landscapes within Kyiv at the example of Velykiy Pivnichniy Island are studied. Using GIS, cartographic materials and remote sensing data the island’s square dynamic for more than seventy years is obtained. During decoding vector layers – the contours of the coastline of the island and the island area – were created and island’s square for 1942, 1975, 1985, 1990, 2000, 2015 years was estimated. Using module implemented in ArcScene ArcGIS the dynamics of long-term changes of Velykiy Island’s shape was modeled and clearly reflected in the form of three-dimensional models.
The coastal landscape of Kyiv began to rapidly change for the past 100-200 years due to rapid urban sprawl. Before it Dnieper’s backwater in Kyiv formed by glaciers and it became the basis for floodplain in Kyiv region for a long time. In the 19th century held-rectifying work was conducted and it greatly influenced the coastal landscape of our city. Formation of new islands, such as Grand Island and changes of old islands (such as the island of Murom united with Truhanov Island) has begun. Great Island consisted of 2 parts, one of which joined the island much later than the first part of the island was formed. From 1950 to 1990 the island had the largest area and it was unchanged while this period. The rapid square reduction began in the 1990s when sand mining started for the purpose of Troieshchyna district building. Currently the island is used as a career for the extraction of sand, which is important for development of different districts, including cottages on the site of meadows and oak forests on north of the Gulf of Camel. It is a negative factor for the island, where there are different species of animals and plants are located. The island is also an example of modern Dnieper floodplain formation and it should be preserved as a conservation area of the city.
HEAVY SHOWERS IN UKRAINE AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH AND 21TH CENTURIES
Authors: Tatarchuk O. , Tymofeyev V.
Published: October 2017

Long-term dynamics and spatial and temporal distribution of heavy showers in Ukraine are investigated in conditions of global warming. Heavy showers often fall between May and August, their maximum observed in the summer months (July). However in recent years, heavy rain began to observe in April, September and October. In the 2001-2010s frequency of heavy showers has more than doubled over the previous decade. Most cases of heavy rains at all time periods observed in the Crimea peninsula and Odessa region. The lowest number of showers for the period 1986-2015 is registered in Rivne and Lugansk regions.
The analysis of atmospheric circulation conditions that cause heavy rains is carried out. Most cases of heavy rains in summer associated with isolated upper-tropospheric cyclones (cut-off lows) that generally sedentary and make long-term impact on the study area, mainly in the first half of summer. In late summer, heavy showers associated with synoptic processes in interaction with the quasi-stationary ridge over Eastern Europe.
Prevalence of sleep disorders in obese before bariatric surgery.
Authors: Carlos Renata , Oliver Nicole , Cruz Ana Luísa F. , Silva Suzanny Lays da , Souza Jesimiel Missias de , Silva Bruno Henrique F. da , Fialho Davi , Bruno Selma Sousa
Published: October 2017

Introduction: The prevalence of sleep disorders (SD) has increased significantly in recent decades in parallel to the worldwide obesity epidemic. The presence of SD provides an increased risk of postoperative complications, requiring greater care in these patients. The gold standard for evaluation and diagnosis of SD is polysomnography, but it is an expensive and highly complex exam, making the questionnaires and scales more accessible for diagnosis and screening. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of SD and to analyze the influence of anthropometric measures on the scores of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), snoring (ERS) and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) in obese patients. Method: An observational, cross-sectional study performed from August 2015 to August 2016. The patients in the preoperative group of bariatric surgery of the University Hospital were submitted to anthropometric evaluation and application of the ESS, ERS and SSS during the preoperative physiotherapy evaluation. Results: Were evaluated 100 obese (78 women), mean age of 41.4±10.7 years and BMI of 46.1±7.8kg/m2 . SD were identified in 25% by ESS and 21% by SSS of obese. There were no differences between genders for the scales scores. The score of the ERS correlated itself with waist (r=0.20, p=0.04) and neck (r=0.33, p=0.001) circumferences. Conclusion: The use of scales for diagnosis of SD is useful in the follow-up of the preoperative of bariatric surgery and our study found that 25% of patients present daytime somnolence. We also observed the influence of waist and neck circumferences on increasing snoring scale.
FREQUENT EPISODIC TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE IN STUDENTES OF PHYSIOTHERAPY COURSE
Authors: Guimarães Élcio Alves , Lima Kennedy Rodrigues , Faria Mariana Nunes , Makhoul Kelly Duarte Lima , Sousa Lucas Resende , Junior Paulo Cézar Simamoto , Sousa Gilmar da Cunha , Neto Alfredo Júlio Fernandes
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Frequent episodic tension-type headache (FETTH), is described as frequent episodes of pain, located on both sides of the head, as a feeling of pressure or tightening, from mild to moderate intensity which may last from 30 minutes to seven days. The pain does not worsen with routine physical effort and may present photophobia or phonophobia. In this case, headache is one of the most common reasons for the complaint of children and adolescents, and it is a major problem among college students because it leads to the loss of study days and a decrease in academic performance. Objective: The aim of the present study was to conduct a survey on the prevalence of FETTH in students of Physiotherapy course of Centro Universitário do Triângulo (Unitri). Method: The research was done with the students registered in Physiotherapy course, in the second half of 2015, from the application of a questionnaire about the International Classification of Headache, according to the diagnostic criteria for FETTH. Result: Among the students, 18 (7.5%) presented FETTH, based on these classification criteria, but it was expected that 50% of the students expose symptoms indicative of TTHEF. Conclusion: It is concluded that FETTH is a type of headache that is not very prevalent in the academic context of the Physiotherapy course of the referred institution.
WHEN SAYING LESS IS SOMETHING NEW: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND FRAME-CONTRACTION PROCESSES*
Authors: Lavine Marc , Cobb J. Adam , Roussin Christopher J.
Published: October 2017

The framing strategies of social movements are typically characterized by movement actors conceptually and rhetorically expanding frames. We contend that movement actors also contract frames by deliberately excluding frame elements. We add the concept of contraction to the frame-alignment construct and show how frame contraction allows for enhanced theorizing about the dialectical and dynamic nature of social movements. We describe three distinct frame contraction processes, frame removal, frame minimization, and frame restriction, which characterize common frame contraction strategies. We illustrate frame contraction by examining the framing approaches used by the United Auto Workers as they bargained with automakers across two rounds of negotiations in 1945–46 and 1949–1950. We show how frame contraction articulates undertheorized complexities in changes to social movement frames. We also illustrate potential blind spots, biases, or distortions that may arise absent the frame contraction construct.
THE MOBILIZATION DROPOUT RACE: INTERPERSONAL NETWORKS AND MOTIVATIONS PREDICTING DIFFERENTIAL RECRUITMENT IN A NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE DEMONSTRATION*
Authors: Van Laer Jeroen
Published: October 2017

The question of why some people participate in collective action, while most of them do not, has puzzled social movement scholars for decades, continuing to generate a burgeoning literature on what has been termed “differential recruitment.” Studies investigating protest participation, however, rarely compare actual participants with nonparticipants. The most important reason is a methodological one: it is difficult to organize a pre- and post-design that allows for disentangling the whole mobilization process leading towards a protest demonstration. In this article, I present data about 2,100 potential and actual participants in a national climate change demonstration in Belgium. Relying on this unique dataset, I present a comprehensive model including interpersonal networks and issue-related motivations to predict and explain participation and nonparticipation in a specific protest demonstration. Conceiving protest mobilization as a multistage process, I indicate how networks and motivations each have a distinct role in different stages of the mobilization process.
CULTIVATING PEACE: SOCIAL MOVEMENT PROFESSIONALIZATION AND NGOIZATION IN CROATIA*
Authors: Heideman Laura
Published: October 2017

Scholars studying social movements and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have noted a rapid expansion in the number of professional organizations dedicated to creating social change. This study uses the case of the peacebuilding sector in Croatia (1991–present) to examine central questions in both fields: where professional organizations come from, what drives professionalization, and what the consequences of professionalization are for the work of social change. I find there are actually many paths to NGO creation, and identify five types of NGOs: transformed, new, bud, seed, and clone. These five types of organizations had different paths for development, have different levels of professionalization, and engage in different types of work based on their location and history. Examining the history of a social change sector shows professionalization to be a nuanced, uneven process that can expand the social change sector even as it transforms the sector's work.
PEER SUPPORT IN INDUSTRIAL ACTION: HOW COLLEAGUES' ANTICIPATED SOCIAL SUPPORT AFFECTS WILLINGNESS TO STRIKE*
Authors: Born Marieke J. , Akkerman Agnes
Published: October 2017

This article studies how the support workers expect from colleagues for strike participation affects their willingness to participate in a strike. We formulate hypotheses on the effects of anticipated social support for participation as well as anticipated social support for nonparticipation. We include the potentially mediating effect of social identification and the social costs of (non-)participation. We test our hypotheses on survey data of 725 Dutch employees collected in 2010. Using structural equation modeling techniques, we find that the support for participation has a stronger positive effect on the willingness to strike than the support for nonparticipation has on the willingness to strike. In addition, our findings suggest that union membership substitutes the effect of social support of colleagues.
Effects of ghrelin agonist and antagonist on endogenous desacyl-ghrelin content in the brain limbical structures under psychoemotional stress in rats
Authors: Khokhlov Platon P. , Tsikunov Sergey G. , Tissen Ilia Yu. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Bychkov Eugenii R. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: October 2017

Background. During last years it has been shown the ghrelin signaling system not only regulates energy balance and food intake. It also takes part in reinforcement mechanisms and addiction formation. So the ghrelin system may be considered as possible molecular target to study addiction treatment and post-stressor pharmacological modulation.

The aim of this work was to study the effects of ghrelin agonist and antagonist administration on des-acyl ghrelin (DAG) content in the brain structures under stress exposure in Wistar rats.

Methods. The acute psychoemotional stress was realized by means of exposure of experimental rats to predator, a tiger python. Ghrelin or ghrelin antagonist D-Lys3-GHRP-6 (Tocris, UK) 10 µg in 20 µl administered intranasally for 7 days after stress exposure. Then brain structures were obtained, homogenized with cryogenic system “Cryomill 200” (Retsch, Germany) and investigated with high-sensitive ELISA (SP-BIO, France). Results. DAG have been detected in every brain structures studied. That are amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus. In control group of animals the DAG concentration in hypothalamus was 3-fold more comparning to hippocampus and 2-fold more conparning to amygdala content. The acute stress have dramatically 8-12-fold decrease of DAG concentrations in every brain structures studied. The pharmacological actions on GHSR receptor by ghrelin agonist and antagonist have not affect significant changes in DAG concentrations in every brain structures.

Conclusions. The different concentrations of DAG in brain structures in control gtoup supports the view about ghrelin releasing neurons in the hypothalamus. Intranasal administration of ghrelin agonist and antagonist changes the levels of DAG in the hippocampus and the hypothalamus but not in the amygdala nucleus. Our data confirm the opinion about ghrelin-releasing neurons in hypothalamus. The experiments showed the acute stress had caused great depression of ghrelin system in various brain structures. The response of ghrelin system to acute stress occur possibly besides GHSR receptor pathway. The last have been suggested by absence of significant response to ghrelin agonist and antagonist administration.
Determination of Antimicrobial Potentials of Ethanol Extract of Combretum dolichopentalum Leaves by Total Dehydrogenase Activity Assay
Authors: Ujowundu Favour Ntite
Published: October 2017

The viability of microorganisms can be determined by the total dehydrogenase activity (DHA). Thus, a reduction in total dehydrogenase activity is an indication of the bactericidal effect of plant extract. The antimicrobial potentials of ethanol extract of Combretum dolichopentalum (EECD) leaves on microbial isolates from stool, degenerated wound, and high vaginal swab were determined by the total dehydrogenase activity. The microbial cells were standardized in a spectrophotometer to an optical density of 0.70 at 420 nm and used as standardized cell suspension (inoculum) in the dehydrogenase assay. The results obtained indicated that EECD leaves were effective antimicrobial agents against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pneumonia isolates. Threshold inhibitory concentrations of the extracts showed that EECD leaves inhibited dehydrogenase activity in all the organisms in a dose dependent manner. At 355.78 μg/ml, EECD leaves achieved an IC50against E. coli, and at 349.42 µg/ml and 843.80 µg/ml EECD obtained an IC50against Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Also, at 2270.68 μg/ml EECD leaves eliminated 100 % S. typhi to achieve 100 % inhibiting concentration. C. dolichopentalum makes a promising drug with bactericidal effect especially against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi.
Antioxidant Activities of Dichrocephala integrifolia (Linn.f.) O. Kuntze (Asteraceae) in a Mice Model of D-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Accelerated Aging
Authors: Kouémou Emégam Nadège , Fotio Lambou Agathe , Dongmo Nguepi Mireille Sylviane , Ouafo Agnès Carolle , Palé Simon , Kandeda Kavaye Antoine , Taiwe Germain Sotoing , Ngo Bum Elisabeth
Published: October 2017

Dichrocephala integrifolia is a plant widely used in folk medicine in Africa to treat central nervous diseases such as dementia. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the leave’s decoction of Dichrocephala integrifolia against D-galactose-induced neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and accelerated aging in mice. D-galactose (100 mg/ kg sc), was chronically injected daily to mice during 42 consecutive days after pretreatment with distilled water (10 ml/kg) or the decoction of D. integrifolia (35; 87.5; 175 or 350 mg/kg p.o) or vitamin C (100 mg/kg p.o). Following behavioral tasks (Open Field, Elevated Plus Maze and Morris Water Maze), animals were sacrificed on day 43 and their brains were used to evaluate some biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, nitrite oxide and reduced glutathione) and for histopathological assessments. The results of this study showed that a pretreatment of animals with the decoction of D. integrifolia at the doses of 87.5 and 175 mg/kg significantly (p˂0.05) reversed learning deficits, recall of memories and oxidative stress induced by D-galactose. The decoction of D. integrifolia also prevented neurogeneration in the dentate gyrus induced by D-galactose. These results indicated that D. integrifolia possesses neuroprotective effects against D-galactose-induced senescence, probably due to its antioxidant capacities and this can at least explain the wide use of this plant in traditional medicine in Cameroon in the prevention and treatment of dementia.
Prospective study on clinical outcomes of lichtensteins tension free inguinal hernioplasty under local anaesthesia
Authors: Brar Navjot Singh , Bajwa Rajbir Singh
Published: October 2017

Background: Hernia may be generally defined as a protrusion of viscus or part of a viscus though an abnormal opening in the walls of its containing cavity. The Greek word ‘hernia’ means an offshoot, a budding or bulge. But the Latin word ‘hernia’ means a rupture or tear. The most important principle in reconstruction surgery is to avoid tension when restoring the muscular or elastic structures. The modern biologically based concept for repair of groin hernia, acquired during adult life, is application of a patch, avoidance of tension and use of local, spinal or epidermal anaesthesia.Methods: Present study is a Prospective study conducted in the Department of General Surgery in Sri Guru Ramdas Medical College and Hospital. Patients admitted in wards with inguinal hernia from General Surgery out-patient Department were selected for study. The study consisted of 60 patients between 15 to 74 years; The study period is from April 2015 to September 2016. The main aim and objective of any hernia repair is to avoid any recurrence and also acceptability to the patient in terms of pain, discomfort, other complications during follow up and obviously in terms of cost- effectiveness of repair.Results: The present study comprises 60 cases of inguinal hernia who were admitted in the wards of Department of General Surgery in the Sri Guru Ramdas Institute of Medical sciences and research. The study was carried out during span of 1½ years. All of these cases were studied prospectively and results were analysed from various angles. Among total 60 cases in this study, maximum cases belonged to age group 35-44 years ;15 (25%) and minimum to age group 65-74 years 5 (8.3%). Case distribution as per type of hernia, it was observed that among total 60 cases 34 (56.67%)had inguinal hernia and rest 26 (43.3%) had inguino scrotal hernia. Most 0f the cases had right sided hernia 35 (58.33%), left sided hernia was seen only in 23 cases (38.33%) whereas bilateral hernia was present in 2 (3.33%).Conclusions: From our results of observations in the study we can conclude that-The methods of Lichtenstein’s tension free inguinal hernioplasty under local anaesthesia is safe, simple, effective, economical, and without any side effects such as hypotension, nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, and spinal headache.