bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La creación artística como discurso protegido: experiencias comparadas y posibilidades españolas
Authors: Urías Martínez Joaquín
Published: December 2020

La libertad de creación artística incluye la facultad de difundir las obras artísticas. La protección de la expresión artística se articula en torno a la distinción entre ficción y realidad. El trabajo estudia las posibilidades y límites del arte como discurso protegido en España tomando en cuenta los ejemplos de Francia, Alemania y el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos.Freedom of artistic creation includes the liberty to disseminate artistic works. The protection of the artistic expression is related with the possibility of distinguishing fiction and reality. This paper studies the possibilities and limits of the art as a protected speech in Spain, taking into account the examples of France, Germany and the European Court of Human Rights.
La reforma del proceso de selección y nombramiento de los magistrados del Tribunal Supremo de Canadá: el caso particular de Quebec
Authors: Romero Caro Francisco Javier
Published: December 2020

Este artículo analiza la reciente reforma del proceso de selección y nombramiento de los magistrados del Tribunal Supremo de Canadá. Partiendo de un análisis sobre la naturaleza constitucional de la institución, se abordan cuestiones acerca de su composición, con especial énfasis en las funciones desempeñadas por el Parlamento federal. Con esta base, se estudia el nuevo sistema de selección y nombramiento, prestando especial atención a cómo este ha servido para articular la participación de Quebec en el mismo, materializando una de las demandas tradicionales de dicha provincia.This paper´s aim is to analyze the recent reform of the process of selection and appointment of judges of the Supreme Court of Canada. After analyzing the constitutional nature of the institution, it covers aspects such as its composition and eligibility, including the role of the federal Parliament. Following this, the system of selection and appointment is studied with a special focus on how it can channel the participation of Quebec, achieving one of the traditional demands of that province.
Det digitale instinkt
Authors: Boie Mette Alma Kjærsholm , Dalsgaard Christian , Caviglia Francesco
Published: December 2020

Formålet med artiklen er at undersøge den digitale elevpraksis på gymnasiet fra elevernes perspektiv: Hvordan anvender elever digitale teknologier i deres skolearbejde, og hvad er deres opfattelse af teknologierne? Artiklen præsenterer en empirisk undersøgelse med interviews af 37 elever, observationer i 14 klasser og 100 gymnasieelevers levede erfaringsbeskrivelser, hvor eleverne har beskrevet situationer, hvor de har lært noget, fundet ud af noget eller er blevet klogere gennem brugen af digitale teknologier i forbindelse med skolearbejde. Undersøgelsen viser, at eleverne ofte anvender teknologier ud fra, hvad en elev betegner som et “digitalt instinkt”. Eleverne udviser primært en høj grad af handlingsduelighed, og erfaringsbeskrivelserne giver mange eksempler på, at eleverne anvender digitale teknologier som en kognitiv partner til at løse opgaver, de ikke havde løst uden teknologi. Eleverne udviser en adfærd af “long-time practitioners”, der er udtryk for, at de har oparbejdet solide erfaringer med brug af digitale teknologier. Samtidig viser undersøgelsen, at der er en grænse for instinktets rækkevidde. Artiklen konkluderer i en diskussion af, hvordan man med afsæt i det digitale instinkt kan styrke elevers digitale kompetencer ved at arbejde hen imod en mere reflekteret og bevidst digital elevpraksis med øget fokus på procesbevidsthed og arbejdsmetoder.
Reflexiones interculturales en la obra de Bernat Metge: una revisión sociocultural de un autor «al margen de la ley»
Authors: Santos-Sopena Òscar-O.
Published: December 2020

Resumen: El pensador barcelonés Bernat Metge (1340/46-1413) es uno de los autores clave de la literatura catalana como evidencian las numerosas investigaciones llevadas a cabo desde el siglo XIX. En esta investigación partimos de un Metge controvertido y «al margen de la ley» que escribe obras como Llibre de Fortuna e Prudència (1381) y Lo somni (1399) que a través de la palabra, la ironía y el humor desarrolla narrativamente sus problemas políticos y sirven para probar su inocencia en los procesos abiertos en su contra mientras que a su vez plantea algunos de los problemas filosóficos propios del Humanismo europeo (Batllori 1995; Butiná 2007; Gómez Moreno 2011). Este estudio recalca el uso del diálogo satírico humanista que ayuda a entender y adelantar el origen de la modernidad y la existencia de un pensamiento humanista en las letras catalanas.Palabras clave: Interculturalidad, Humanismo, Bernat Metge, autobiografíaAbstract: As evidenced by the numerous researches carried out since the 19th Century the Catalan writer Bernat Metge (1340 / 46-1413) is one of the key authors of Catalan literature. In this research, we understand Metge as controversial writer, an «outside the law» author who writes works such as Llibre de Fortuna e Prudència (1381) and Lo somni (1399) that through words, irony, and humor narratively develops their political issues and it helps to prove his innocence in some of the open penal processes against him, while at the same time raising some of the philosophical problems of European Humanism (Batllori 1995; Butiná 2007; Gómez Moreno 2011). This study highlights the use of satirical humanist dialogue that helps to understand and promote the origin of modernity and the existence of humanistic thought in Catalan literature.Keywords: Interculturality, Humanism, Bernat Metge, autobiography
La poliglòssia en la predicació de Vicent Ferrer
Authors: Ferrando Francés Antoni
Published: December 2020

Resum: Un bon nombre dels sermons de Vicent Ferrer ens ha arribat gràcies a les còpies de les reportationes que en feien els estenògrafs que l’acompanyaven en els seus viatges missionals per diversos països de l’Europa occidental (1399-1419). No són, per tant, reproduccions fidels de l’oralitat vicentina, però en reflecteixen els trets bàsics. L’anàlisi crítica d’aquests trets i de les declaracions dels testimonis del procés de canonització de Vicent Ferrer (1453-1454) posen de manifest que el dominic valencià, que en la seua predicació sempre tractà d’aproximar-se lingüísticament als oients, adoptà les parles romànics dels països que va recórrer, ja que sabem que, a més del llatí i de la llengua materna –el català o valencià–, coneixia bé l’aragonés, el castellà, el francés, l’occità i l’italià.Paraules clau: Vicent Ferrer, predicació, segle XV, usos lingüístics, transmissió oral i textualAbstract: Many of Vicent Ferrer’s sermons have come down to us thanks to copies of the reportationes made by the stenographers who accompanied him on his missionary travels through various countries in Western Europe (1399-1419). They are not, therefore, faithful reproductions of Ferrerian orality, but they do reflect its basic features. The textual examination of these features and the critical analysis of the statements made by the witnesses of the process of canonization of Vicent Ferrer (1453-1454) show that the Valencian Dominican, who in his preaching always tried to approach his listeners linguistically, adopted the Romance languages of the countries he visited, as we know that, in addition to Latin and to his mother tongue –Catalan or Valencian–, he was fluent in Aragonese, Castilian, French, Occitan and Italian. Keywords: Vicent Ferrer, preaching, 15th century, linguistic uses, oral and textual transmission
L’herència del debat literari sobre la condició femenina en l’obra dramàtica de Francesc Palanca i Roca
Authors: Garcia Gázquez Hilari
Published: December 2020

Resum: Els estudiosos del teatre del segle XIX consideren que els gèneres escènics vuitcentistes, en especial el sainet, són una font de documentació de la societat d’aquells anys. En conseqüència, a través d’una part important de la producció dramàtica de Francesc Palanca i Roca (1834-1897) podem resseguir els hàbits, els costums i les tradicions dels valencians d’aquell període, fins i tot la disputa o el debat al voltant de les dones que inundava els ambients literaris i acadèmics europeus des de l’edat mitjana. En aquest sentit, observarem com les obres per a escena de Palanca i Roca recullen l’herència dels tòpics misògins i dels arguments en defensa de la condició femenina, una herència que procedeix tant de la literatura culta com de la popular. En definitiva, la detecció i identificació d’aquests elements serà l’objectiu del present treball.Paraules clau: misogínia, teatre, sainetAbstract: 19th century researchers consider that 18th century drama genres, especially the «sainet» (a comic sketch), are a source of documentation on those years society. Consequently, we can follow the habits, uses and traditions of the Valencian people of that period through an important part of the drama production by Francesc Palanca i Roca (1834-1897), even the dispute or debate on women that used to flood the European literary and academic circles of the medieval age. In this respect, we will see how the drama plays by Palanca i Roca gather the heritage of misogynous topics and the arguments on women’s condition defence, a heritage coming from the cultivated literature as well as from the popular one. All in all, the detection and identification of these elements will be the objective of the present work.Keywords: misogyny, theatre, sainet
Ressenya a Joan Maria Furió Vayà, Introducció al Cartoixà de Joan Roís de Corella, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim – Centre Valencià d’Estudis i d’Investigació, 2018
Authors: Mompó Navarro Jacob
Published: December 2020

Ressenya a Joan Maria Furió Vayà, Introducció al Cartoixà de Joan Roís de Corella, València: Institució Alfons el Magnànim – Centre Valencià d’Estudis i d’Investigació, 2018, 290 pp., ISBN: 978-84-7822-754-9Review to Joan Maria Furió Vayà, Introducció al Cartoixà de Joan Roís de Corella, València: Institució Alfons el Magnànim – Centre Valencià d’Estudis i d’Investigació, 2018, 290 pp., ISBN: 978-84-7822-754-9
Ressenya a Joan Pujol, Els poemes de Lepant. A cura d’E. Miralles i P. Valsalobre, Barcelona, Barcino. 2019
Authors: Llàcer Martorell Arantxa
Published: December 2020

Ressenya a Joan Pujol, Els poemes de Lepant. A cura d’Eulàlia Miralles i Pep Valsalobre, Barcelona, Barcino. 2019, 192 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7226-841-8Review to Joan Pujol, Els poemes de Lepant. A cura d’Eulàlia Miralles i Pep Valsalobre, Barcelona, Barcino. 2019, 192 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7226-841-8
Presentació Scripta 16
Authors: Escartí Soriano Vicent Josep
Published: December 2020

Presentació Scripta 16
THE GREAT WHITE SHARK Carcharodon carcharias (LINNÉ, 1758) IN THE PLIOCENE OF PORTUGAL AND ITS EARLY DISTRIBUTION IN EASTERN ATLANTIC
Authors: Antunes Miguel Telleres , Balbino Ausenda Cáceres
Published: December 2020

Fossil great white shark Carcharodon carcharias has been recognized for the first time in Portugal near Marinha Grande in Pliocene sediments. This occurrence further broadens its already huge distribution. It is indeed the first Pliocene shark so far identified in Portugal.
The great white shark is represented but by a single upper right lateral tooth lost after use from a ca. 4 m TL, adult individual.
The presence is very much in agreement with all known data about Iberian Peninsula, where it really has never been found in Miocene units but becomes common in lower Pliocene levels in Spain.
Although the evidence is typical, it is too scarce to allow much speculation on the species numerical importance. If however we take into account that no other shark teeth are known in the concerned sediments it can provisorily be accepted that its occurrence would be rather common.
This new record for the Pliocene in Portugal underlines the closeness of the first known occurrences for the eastern Atlantic, both in its northern (as this is the case) and southern parts as shown by the referred Pliocene fauna of Farol das Lagostas, Angola.
DESMOCERÁTIDOS (AMMONOIDEA) DEL APTIENSE INFERIOR (CRETÁCICO INFERIOR) DE LA SUBCUENCA DE OLIETE, CORDILLERA IBÉRICA ORIENTAL (TERUEL, ESPAÑA)
Authors: Grauges Antoni , Moreno-Bedmar Josep Anton , Martínez Ricardo
Published: December 2020

Este estudio trata de la fauna de desmocerátidos del Aptiense inferior de la subcuenca de Oliete (provincia de Teruel). La revisión taxonómica de estos ammonites, bien situados bioestratigráficamente, permite dos precisiones. La definición de Pseudosaynella raresulcata (d’Orbigny, 1841), Pseudosaynella bicurvata (Michelin, 1838) y de Pseudohaploceras liptoviensis (Zeuschner, 1856) se realizó a partir de pocos ejemplares, sin tener en cuenta sus variaciones ontogenéticas. En este trabajo se amplía el conocimiento de estas especies desde el punto de vista sistemático y taxonómico. En segundo lugar se precisa la posición bioestratigráfica, en especial de las especies del género Pseudosaynella, correlacionando su distribución estratigráfica con las biozonas de ammonites estándar de la provincia faunística Mediterránea para el Aptiense inferior.
BRYOZOAN FAUNA FROM THE OOLITIC LIMESTONE FROM PAJAREJOS, SW SPAIN
Authors: Ernst Andrej , Rodríguez Sergio
Published: December 2020

Outcrops of Devonian rocks at the hill of Pajarejos near Campillo de Llerena, south-western Spain, expose oolitic limestone which contains abundant fragments of bryozoans, whereas other macrofauna is scarce. Eight bryozoan species were identified, which date the outcrop as Middle Devonian. The assemblage shows close affinities with that described from Sabkhat Lafayrina reef complex in Western Sahara, which is situated more than 1,000 km further south today. The studied association supports the previously proposed hypothesis that South-western Spain belonged to the northern margin of Gondwana during the Middle Devonian.
PRECISIONS CONCERNING THE DISTRIBUTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MIOCENE HOMINOIDS FROM INDIA
Authors: Pickford Martin , Tiwari Brahma N
Published: December 2020

During the past four decades, the Indian Subcontinent has been a focus of palaeoanthropological research on account of the abundance of Middle and Late Miocene hominoid fossils that have been reported from it. In India, well known hominoid-bearing localities occur at Ramnagar (Lower Siwaliks) and Hari Talyangar (Middle Siwaliks), but there are less well known occurrences in the literature. If so, then current views of hominoid palaeobiogeography would need to be modified to the extent that an earlier passage of large hominoids out of Africa towards the Indian subcontinent than is generally accepted, would need to be postulated. We also examine a claim for the persistence of large hominoids up to the Mio-Pliocene boundary (ca 5.5 Ma) on the basis of a tooth found near Bharari, east of Hari Talyangar.
The aim of this paper is to examine the soundness of the basis of claims for the presence of pre-Chinji large bodied hominoids in the region and for their persistence in the subcontinent up to the end of the Miocene epoch. With this aim in mind, in January, 2009, the authors surveyed the zone northwest of Dera Gopipur; 1) to locate the place from which a partial set of upper and lower teeth attributed to Ramapithecus cf. punjabicus were collected by S.S. Gupta and B.C. Verma in the 1978-79 field season of the Geological Survey of India, 2) to recover biochronologically informative faunal remains.
Book Review. The Pleistocene of Untermassfeld near Meiningen (Thüringen, Germany).
Authors: Álvarez-Lao Diego J.
Published: December 2020

Around one million years ago (late Early Pleistocene), a major faunal turnover occurred in Europe, linked to the onset of increased climatic instability: the transition between Villafranchian and Galerian faunas. Few palaeontological sites in Europe documents this biological event, highlighting over all of them the site of Untermassfeld, near Meiningen (Thuringia, Germany), which provided an amazing fossil record, either in abundance, diversity, and good preservation.Previous results of the interdisciplinary research developed on Untermassfeld were published in three volumes of the monograph series of the Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz, released in 1997 and 2001, as well as in a number of articles, books and book chapters. The new book here presented constitutes the fourth volume of the Untermassfeld monograph and includes extensive new information and relevant updates concerning the developing of the research.This new volume contains detailed information on the excavation and research history of Untermassfeld from 1997 to 2015.
‘With the Lady of Coucy’
Authors: Leson Richard
Published: December 2020

Judging from repetitious appearances of her marital arms in the painted line-endings, the Psalter-Hours John Rylands Library Latin MS 117 probably belonged to Jeanne of Flanders (c.1272–1333), daughter of Count Robert III of Flanders and in 1288 second wife to Enguerrand IV of Coucy. Yet the line-endings also contain some 1,800 diminutive painted escutcheons, many of which refer to other members of the local nobility active during the 1280s. This study, based on an exhaustive survey of the total heraldic and codicological evidence, suggests that the majority of the extant Psalter predated the Hours and that the two parts were combined after the 1288 marriage. The ‘completed’ manuscript bears witness to major events that unfolded in and around the Coucy barony over the course of the decade. It suggests a complex relationship between Jeanne of Flanders and a lesser member of the local nobility, a certain Marien of Moÿ, who may have served as her attendant.
John Goodwin on Zechariah 13:3
Authors: Rabone Lawrence
Published: December 2020

This article on an early modern pamphlet which can be found in the John Rylands Library Special Collections asserts the importance of John Goodwin’s analysis of Zechariah 13:3 in A Post-Script or Appendix to […] Hagiomastix (1647). I argue that this pamphlet’s significance is not only its emphasis on toleration, but also that it is a striking example of Judaeo-centric millenarian thought in which Zechariah 12–14 is understood as prophesying a future time in which the Jews will be restored to the Land of Israel. I also analyse the pamphlet’s relationship to supersessionism and compare Goodwin’s interpretation with those of Samuel Rutherford, William Prynne, John Owen and, in particular, Jean Calvin. I explain that Goodwin’s use of the analogy of Scripture hermeneutic helps to explain his belief in Judaeo-centric eschatology. I then show how one of Goodwin’s followers, Daniel Taylor, used Judaeo-centric biblical exegesis to petition Oliver Cromwell for Jewish readmission to England.
Emoção versus Razão: a (ir)racionalidade das emoções em lavoura arcaica
Authors: Ribeiro Teles Eugênia
Published: December 2020

in Lavoura Arcaica, Raduan Nassar writes a story pervaded of rebel, dense and coarse emotions that shake the structures of rationality. In several parts, it can be seen an allusion to the clash between emotion and reason. From this point, the aim of this paper is to argue that although emotions are apparently irrational, they can present their own rationality, as they are correct and justified in some situations found in the novel. For this purpose, some theories developed in the field of philosophy of emotions are the hermeneutic apparatus.
Does work time limit for resident physician affect short-term treatment outcome and hospital length of stay in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage?: a two-year experience at a single training hospital in South Korea
Authors: Heo Rojin , Park Cheol Wan , You Chan Jong , Choi Dae Han , Park Kwangwoo , Kim Young Bo , Kim Woo Kyung , Yee Gi-Taek , Kim Myeong-Jin , Oh Jin-Hwan
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare short-term treatment outcomes at hospital discharge and hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) before and after introduction of resident physician work time limit (WTL).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients treated for sICH at our institution between 2016 and 2019. Then we dichotomized these patients into two groups, pre-WTL and post-WTL. We analyzed demographic elements and clinical features, and hospital length of stay (LOS). We evaluated short-term outcome using modified Rankin scale score at hospital discharge and then divided it into “good” and “poor” outcome groups. We subsequently, compared short-term treatment outcome and hospital LOS between the pre-WTL and post-WTL groups.Results: Out of 779 patients, 420 patients (53.9%) were included in the pre-WTL group, and 359 (46.1%) in post-WTL. The mortality rate in sICH patients was higher in the post-WTL group (pre-WTL; 13.6% vs. post-WTL; 17.3%), but there was no statistically significant difference in short-term outcome including mortality (p=0.332) between the groups. The LOS also, was not significantly different between the two groups (pre-WTL; 19.0 days vs. post-WTL; 20.2 days) (p=0.341). The initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, personal stroke history, and mean age were the only independent outcome predicting factors for patients with sICH.Conclusions: Some neurosurgeons may expect poorer outcome for sICH after implementation of the WTL of the K-MHW for resident physician however, enforcement of the WTL did not significantly influence the short-term outcome and hospital LOS for sICH in our hospital. Further well-designed multi-institutional prospective studies on the effects of WTL in sICH patient outcome, are anticipated.
Multiple scattering and attenuation for electromagnetic wave propagation in sand and dust atmosphere
Authors: Yang Rui-Ke  , Li Qian-Qian  , Yao Rong-Hui  ,   School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
Published: December 2020

For an electronic system operation under the conditions of all-weather in arid and semiarid areas, the studies of the attenuation and multiple scattering are necessary for electromagnetic wave propagations in sand and dust atmosphere. Based on Mie theory, a method of calculating the attenuations for electromagnetic wave propagation through sand and dust atmosphere is presented in this paper, which relate to the particle size distributions and visibilities for sand and dust atmosphere. The attenuations at 37 GHz are given for various visibilities, and are compared with the results calculated from other formulas and the experimental data from the literature. The attenuations are closer to the experimental results. In order to investigate into electromagnetic wave propagations in lower visibility sand and dust atmosphere, the multiple scattering in sand and dust storms are necessarily analyzed. At 37 and 93 GHz, the extinction cross sections, albedos and asymmetry factors are calculated by Mie theory for various size sand and dust particles. By the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method, the attenuations for including the multiple scattering effects are calculated under the conditions of dry and 5% water content in sand and dust particles, respectively, and are compared with the results from Mie theory. The results are shown that the difference between the attenuation obtained by Mie and that by MC is small at 37 GHz. The influence of the multiple scattering on attenuation is small and may be ignored at 37 GHz. At 93 GHz, the difference between the attenuation obtained by Mie and that by MC is clear, and the attenuation obtained by using Mc simulation is smaller than that based on Mie theory. The effect of the multiple scattering on attenuation is evident at 93 GHz. The lower the visibility, the more notable the effect on attenuation is. For different sand and dust storms, the particle refractive indexes and the particle size distributions are different. For the sand and dust storms in Tengger desert and the blowing sand and dust atmosphere in north China, the attenuations at 93 GHz are analysed. In Tengger desert, the attenuation and the multiple scattering are larger than in blowing sand and dust atmosphere. The results show that the more the large size particles in sand and dust storms, the stronger the effect multiple scattering on attenuation is. Hence, for stronger sand and dust storms, the attenuation and the effect of multiple scattering become important. With the increase of water content in particle, the imaginary part of refractive index increases, the attenuation greatly increases, and the effect of the multiple scattering on attenuation is weakly varied. The analyses show that the attenuations for electromagnetic wave propagation in arid sand and dust atmosphere are smaller than in moisture sand and dust atmosphere under the condition of the same visibility.
The protection of qudit states by weak measurement
Authors: Huang Jiang  ,   Electronic and Information Engineering College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Published: December 2020

Liao Xiang-Ping et al.(Chin. Phys. B 23 020304, 2014) pointed out that the method of weak measurement and quantum weak measurement reversal can protect entanglement and improve the fidelity of three-qubit quantum state. We generalize the method of weak measurement to the case of qudit state in this paper. By using the operation of weak measurement and quantum weak measurement reversal, we investigate the evolution dynamics of fidelity and fidelity improvement for qudit state under amplitude damping decoherence. We compare two kinds of operations: one is to let the input qudit state cross the amplitude damping decoherence directly, and the other one is that we first make a weak measurement operation on the input qudit state, then through the amplitude damping decoherence, finally an operation of quantum weak measurement reversal is done with the output qudit state. We discuss the GHZ state, W state, CL state and some special separable states exactly and obtain the analytic expressions of fidelity and fidelity improvement for qudit state before and after the weak measurement and quantum weak measurement reversal operation. According to the analytic expressions we plot the evolution curves against its corresponding parameters. The effects of corresponding parameters are discussed and a susceptible protection region of the qudit state is also given in the context. The results show that the structure of qudit state is the determined factor to the effect of weak measurement and quantum weak measurement reversal. There are some different effects on the different structured qudit states. For entangled state, the fidelity of qudit GHZ state can be protected in a relatively big evolution region, most part of the fidelity improvement is in the upper part of the zero reference plane. While the fidelity of qudit W state can be improved effectively in the whole evolution region, which is a perfect protection. The evolution regulations of qudit CL state and Dick state are between evolution regulations of the GHZ state and W state. When we input some special separable qudit states which have similar structures to W state, their fidelity and fidelity improvement are almost the same as W state’s. It is demonstrated that the structure of qudit state is important for the weak measurement in a step. This work is meaningful for the quantum information process.
First-principles study of Al-doped and vacancy on the magnetism of ZnO
Authors: Hou Qing-Yu  , Li Yong  , Zhao Chun-Wang  ,   College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China;,   College of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China;,   Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Coatings, Hohhot 010051, China
Published: December 2020

There is a controversy over the magnetic source and mechanism of the coexistence of Al-doping and Zn vacancy or Al doping and O vacancy in ZnO systems. In order to solve the problem, the combined influence mechanism of Al doping and Zn vacancy or Al doping and O vacancy on magnetism of ZnO is studied by using the first-principle calculation in this work. The coexistence of Al doping and Zn vacancy can achieve Curie temperature higher than room temperature. Moreover, the magnetism of the doping system of Al doping and Zn vacancy is mainly contributed by electron exchange interaction through O 2p and Zn 4s states near the Zn vacancy through taking carrier as medium. However, the system of Al doping and O vacancy is non-magnetic. Meantime, in the coexistence of Al doping and Zn vacancy or O vacancy, a close relative distance between doping and vacancy will reduce the formation energy of the doping system, increase the easiness of accomplishment of doping and vacancy, and enhance the stability of the doping system.
High-fidelity musculoskeletal modeling reveals that motor planning variability contributes to the speed-accuracy tradeoff
Authors: Al Borno Mazen , Vyas Saurabh , Shenoy Krishna V , Delp Scott L
Published: December 2020

A long-standing challenge in motor neuroscience is to understand the relationship between movement speed and accuracy, known as the speed-accuracy tradeoff. Here, we introduce a biomechanically realistic computational model of three-dimensional upper extremity movements that reproduces well-known features of reaching movements. This model revealed that the speed-accuracy tradeoff, as described by Fitts’ law, emerges even without the presence of motor noise, which is commonly believed to underlie the speed-accuracy tradeoff. Next, we analyzed motor cortical neural activity from monkeys reaching to targets of different sizes. We found that the contribution of preparatory neural activity to movement duration (MD) variability is greater for smaller targets than larger targets, and that movements to smaller targets exhibit less variability in population-level preparatory activity, but greater MD variability. These results propose a new theory underlying the speed-accuracy tradeoff: Fitts’ law emerges from greater task demands constraining the optimization landscape in a fashion that reduces the number of ‘good’ control solutions (i.e., faster reaches). Thus, contrary to current beliefs, the speed-accuracy tradeoff could be a consequence of motor planning variability and not exclusively signal-dependent noise.
Structure of dual BON-domain protein DolP identifies phospholipid binding as a new mechanism for protein localisation
Authors: Bryant Jack Alfred , Morris Faye C , Knowles Timothy J , Maderbocus Riyaz , Heinz Eva , Boelter Gabriela , Alodaini Dema , Colyer Adam , Wotherspoon Peter J , Staunton Kara A , Jeeves Mark , Browning Douglas F , Sevastsyanovich Yanina R , Wells Timothy J , Rossiter Amanda E , Bavro Vassiliy N , Sridhar Pooja , Ward Douglas G , Chong Zhi-Soon , Goodall Emily CA , Icke Christopher , Teo Alvin CK , Chng Shu-Sin , Roper David I , Lithgow Trevor , Cunningham Adam F , Banzhaf Manuel , Overduin Michael , Henderson Ian R
Published: December 2020

The Gram-negative outer-membrane envelops the bacterium and functions as a permeability barrier against antibiotics, detergents, and environmental stresses. Some virulence factors serve to maintain the integrity of the outer membrane, including DolP (formerly YraP) a protein of unresolved structure and function. Here, we reveal DolP is a lipoprotein functionally conserved amongst Gram-negative bacteria and that loss of DolP increases membrane fluidity. We present the NMR solution structure for Escherichia coli DolP, which is composed of two BON domains that form an interconnected opposing pair. The C-terminal BON domain binds anionic phospholipids through an extensive membrane:protein interface. This interaction is essential for DolP function and is required for sub-cellular localisation of the protein to the cell division site, providing evidence of subcellular localisation of these phospholipids within the outer membrane. The structure of DolP provides a new target for developing therapies that disrupt the integrity of the bacterial cell envelope.
Suggested water mass definitions for the central and northern Barents Sea, and the adjacent Nansen Basin
Authors: Sundfjord Arild , Assmann Karen M. , Lundesgaard Øyvind , Renner Angelika H. H. , Lind Sigrid , Ingvaldsen Randi B.
Published: December 2020

The current research focus on the northern Barents Sea and the adjacent Nansen Basin has highlighted a need for common reference terms when discussing water mass origins and modification processes. Several relevant water mass definitions have been proposed and applied over the years, but these often focus either on water masses in the southern and central part of the Barents Sea, or on the deep interior Arctic Ocean. This report provides suggestions for quite broad water mass definitions that can be applied throughout this region – supplied by additional, more specific definitions as needed.
Observing animals and humans: dogs target their gaze to the biological information in natural scenes
Authors: Törnqvist Heini , Somppi Sanni , Kujala Miiamaaria V. , Vainio Outi
Published: December 2020

Background

This study examines how dogs observe images of natural scenes containing living creatures (wild animals, dogs and humans) recorded with eye gaze tracking. Because dogs have had limited exposure to wild animals in their lives, we also consider the natural novelty of the wild animal images for the dogs.

Methods

The eye gaze of dogs was recorded while they viewed natural images containing dogs, humans, and wild animals. Three categories of images were used: naturalistic landscape images containing single humans or animals, full body images containing a single human or an animal, and full body images containing a pair of humans or animals. The gazing behavior of two dog populations, family and kennel dogs, were compared.

Results

As a main effect, dogs gazed at living creatures (object areas) longer than the background areas of the images; heads longer than bodies; heads longer than background areas; and bodies longer than background areas. Dogs gazed less at the object areasvs.the background in landscape images than in the other image categories. Both dog groups also gazed wild animal heads longer than human or dog heads in the images. When viewing single animal and human images, family dogs focused their gaze very prominently on the head areas, but in images containing a pair of animals or humans, they gazed more at the body than the head areas. In kennel dogs, the difference in gazing times of the head and body areas within single or paired images failed to reach significance.

Discussion

Dogs focused their gaze on living creatures in all image categories, also detecting them in the natural landscape images. Generally, they also gazed at the biologically informative areas of the images, such as the head, which supports the importance of the head/face area for dogs in obtaining social information. The natural novelty of the species represented in the images as well as the image category affected the gazing behavior of dogs. Furthermore, differences in the gazing strategy between family and kennel dogs was obtained, suggesting an influence of different social living environments and life experiences.
Characteristics of chiropractic patients treated at the University of Johannesburg chiropractic student clinic and relevance to the educational process
Authors: Ismail Fatima , Booysen Naomi , Yelverton Christopher , Peterson Cynthia
Published: December 2020

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the demographic and descriptive information of new patients presenting to an educational institution–based chiropractic student clinic in South Africa that could then be used to draw comparisons to other international chiropractic student clinics and local practices.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of all new patient files from January 1, 2016, to July 31, 2016. The variables extracted were age, health profiles, number of musculoskeletal complaints, treatment protocol, and number of treatments that patients received for the initial complaint. Data were analyzed using cross-tabulations and multidimensional χ2 tests.

Results

There were 865 files reviewed. Most patients were aged between 20 and 24 years. Lumbar and pelvic complaints were most common (42.2%), followed by the cervical spine (28%). Lumbar (18.8%) and cervical (16.8%) biomechanical conditions, followed by lumbar myofascial pain syndrome (7.6%), were the most common problems. Musculoskeletal conditions were reported in 99% of cases. The majority (80%) of patients received 9 or fewer treatments for their initial complaint. Manipulation was used in 93.9% of cases, followed by mobilization (8.8%), interferential current (23.5%), and dry needling (19.1%).

Conclusions

Data gathered suggest that there are some general similarities with international training institutions. There are also differences between the study sample and international institutions and South African private chiropractic practice. The dissimilarities were a younger patient population, a lower number of treatment visits, and low exposure to nonmusculoskeletal conditions. These differences may affect the breadth of student education and require further investigation.
Heavy Metals Content of Common Tubers from Selected Farm Locations in Enugu North District, South East, Nigeria
Authors: Asogwa Fredrick C. , Paul Ebo , Ugodi Gerald W. , Asogwa Chioma J.
Published: December 2020

The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, As, Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yam (Dioscorea ssp), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) in four farm locations in some local government areas of Enugu North District was determined. Samples were prepared following standard procedure and digested with a 5:1:1 mixture of trioxonitrate (V) acid, tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid, and perchloric acid as previously reported. Metal concentration was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer 1100B model). The range of heavy metals concentration recorded for sweet potato in the four farm locations were 60.26±2.30-312.66±31.24 mg/kg, 20.06±1.27-40.55±4.08 mg/kg, 12.60±2.00-32.06±3.20 mg/kg, 8.20±3.00-15.00±1.07 mg/kg, 0.05±0.07-0.80±1.27 mg/kg, 0.07±0.42-0.18±0.42 mg/kg, 0.01±0.20-0.09±0.03 mg/kg and 0.02±0.07-0.03±0.08 mg/kg respectively for Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, As and Cd while the range in yam was 18.46±2.05-380.20±10.97 mg/kg, 44.20±4.99-66.30±3.87 mg/kg, 17.80±2.18-56.08±6.73 mg/kg, 12.00±2.00-42.30±0.06 mg/kg, 0.01±0.32-0.42±0.27 mg/kg, 0.02±0.07-0.20±0.12 mg/kg, 0.04±2.03-0.10±0.00 mg/kg and 0.01±0.07-0.08±0.47 mg/kg for Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, As and Cd respectively. In cassava, the concentration range was 74.20±10.97-312.20±31.20 mg/kg, 14.20±1.29-38.22±6.07 mg/kg, 10.88±3.03-32.00±0.70 mg/kg, 3.20±0.20-11.20±1.09 mg/kg, 0.01±0.20-0.18±1.27 mg/kg, 0.02±0.03-0.12±0.07 mg/kg, 0.01±0.03-0.10±0.07 mg/kg and 0.03±0.00-0.05±0.42 mg/kg for Mn, Ni, Zn,Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd and As respectively. While Cd was not detected in farm location B and D in all the tuber samples, arsenic was detected in all the samples except in cassava cultivated in farm location B. All the heavy metals analyzed were each below the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible concentration except chromium which was slightly higher than the recommended limit of 0.05 mg/kg. Apart from 0.80±1.27 mg/kg Cr recorded for sweet potato cultivated in location C, the concentration of chromium in all the tubers were below the China’s State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) permissible limit of 0.5 mg/kg. Hence, risk assessment of Cr intake was recommended to ascertain the level of human exposure to Cr through the consumption of these tubers in the study area
Production Orientation of KVK Adopted Farmers: The Socio-Ecological Estimation and Interpretation
Authors: Biswas Amitava , Mahato Mrityunjoy , Ghosh Arindam , Haque Monirul , Ghoshal Swagata , Mazumder Debashis , Acharya S. K.
Published: December 2020

Krishi Vigyan Kendra was established initially to impart training to the different stakeholders of the farming community as a method of technology delivery system. As the time passed by this grass root institution has undergone a tremendous change, starting from technology generation, testing, verification and ultimately onwards transmission to the end users for the enhancement of the productivity in particular and for the overall socio- economic development of the rural people in general with its mandated programmes.  The work was conducted with 10 independent variables and one dependent variable-.i.e. Production orientation (y). Purposive as well as simple random techniques were adopted for the study. Among 50 adopted KVK farmers of the selected villages only 22 adopted farmers have been randomly selected and more 22 non adopted farmers and thus altogether 44 farmers have been randomly selected for the study. The results revealed that adoption of improved and newer technology requires decision by farmers, and scientific orientation is a degree to which respondents can orient to the use of scientific methods in relation to adoption behavior. It is an important psychological factor in decision making process.  It is concluded that people with progressive attitude will always try to involve themselves in all activities through which more annual income can be achieved and education plays a vital role for adoption process. Training plays important role for improvement of KVK. In the last phase of stepwise regression analysis it is seen that mechanization in family has got some functional impact on production orientation. Mechanization in family determines the adoption of new technology which increases farm production. So it is clear that KVK is an institutional project of ICAR to demonstrate the application of science and technology input of agricultural research and education in the farmers field in the rural areas.
Farmers Attitude towards Use of Trichocompost
Authors: Bagchi S. , Islam M. N. , Riad M. M. , Mohsin S. M. , Uddin M. Y.
Published: December 2020

This purpose of this study was to assess the farmers attitude towards Trichocompost use, to determine and describe the socioeconomic characteristics of the tricho-compost farmers and identify the problems being confronted towards using Trichoderma by the farmers. Data were collected from 66 randomly selected farmers from Kamarpara, Chupinagar Union, Shajahanpur Upazilla and the Vasubihar, Juanpur, Katabaria, Maria, Chalapara, Charpara, Chakpahari, Mirpara, Panai, Birkedar, Ghashuria, Mirzapur, Adamzamur, Chomorpathalia, Khidiehashra, Chowkibari, Chalkjaphu, Majbari project site of water saving project in Bogura district in Bangladesh during January to March 2020. The findings reveal that, majority of the respondents (59 percent) were middle age category and 39 percent respondent were having secondary level education. Most of the respondents were under small family category (45 percent) and majority (64 percent) of them had a small farm size and 78.8 percent of the respondents had high agricultural knowledge. A quarter of them (24 percent) were found into medium income group and 29 percent farmers received short training and two-third majority of the farmers (68 percent) had high knowledge on Trichoderma. As far as their attitude towards tricho-compost was concerned, majority of the farmers were positive towards good               soil health condition, easy application, cheap production cost and more effective than traditional compost and found to have a negative attitude towards its adoption as it is untraditional compost.
Sustainability in Planning Landscape Areas of Konya Province in Turkey
Authors: Tulukcu Eray
Published: December 2020

Konya province (KP) is located in the middle of Turkey has rich plant diversity and production potential. It is known that the plants used in landscaping  are selected from the mother-nature and has improved over time.  Some of the ornamental plants have medicinal value.In landscape projects, the plants  form living material have aesthetic value, some of them have medicinal value also are  the reason for their preference in the landscape project.

In this study, the plants in the recreational parks of KP were examined, especially the medicinal and aromatic ones. It has been observed that, while planning the landscape areas as well as water management, the selection of plants is an important criteria  for ensuring the sustainability and  cost efficiency. The average annual precipitation in Konya is  around 300-350 mm, the summer months are hot and dry, whereas a harsh and snowy climate in winters. While selecting the plants for a region, the climatic conditions should be considered. In places, where the summer months are dry, the choice of plants should be based on drought tolerance as well as visuality of plants that makes good use of water.
Industrial Activities and Heavy Metal Pollution: Assessment of Concentration of Zn, Cu, Cd Cr and, Pb in Soil Samples around Dangote Cement Factory Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Eneji Sani Daniel , Apeh Matthew Chijioke , Okwute Enyojo Samson , Micheal Alowakennu , Fesomade Kayode Ibrahim
Published: December 2020

This study aims at determining the concentration of heavy metal contaminants in the soil around Dangote cement factory Kogi State, Nigeria. It also seeks to understand the relationship between the heavy metals and the level of concentration with respect to distance and direction as well as the ecological risk it poses. The monitoring and assessment of soil pollution have over the years become a very important area of study due to the significant threat it poses to the food web. A total of 33 soil samples were collected in the Northern, Eastern and Western axis within a radius of 4km of Dangote cement factory at a depth of 0-15cm using a stainless steel auger. The contamination factor indices for Cr and Cu show moderate pollution across all the samples collected from different axis at a different distance from the factory. Zn also pose a moderate pollution across the samples except for WK4 and NK4 where it is in a low level of contamination. The geo-accumulation indices for Pb and Cr show unpolluted to moderately polluted across all samples at different locations expect for sample location EK4. The results of the ecological risk assessment revealed that Cd poses the highest ecological risk of all the five heavy metals investigated.
Evaluating the Agreement between the Twin-Block Appliance and a New Low-Cost Arch Development Appliance in Changing the Mandibular Length
Authors: Jayathilake A. M. Imanthi C. K. , Nawarathna Lakshika S. , Nagarathne S. P. N. P.
Published: December 2020

Aim: The main objective of this study is to compare the development of mandibular length by comparing the effectiveness of a new low-cost arch development appliance in increasing the length of the mandible with the twin block appliance (Twin-B).

Methodology: This analysis was performed on patients who attended the clinic in the Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya. The sample included 60 subjects treated with Twin-B (n=30) and new low-cost arch development (n=30) appliances and each appliance comprised 15 males and females. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) were calculated to check the agreement between the two methods. A mixed-effects model was fitted to predict mandibular length, and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and log-likelihood were used for selecting the best model.

Results: It was observed that the Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) for after treatment as 0.9172 with a (0.8488, 0.9555) 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, it gives a Pearson correlation of 0.9609 and bias correlation factor of 0.9545. ICC values after treatment for both single measures and average measures are 0.9499 and 0.9743 with the 95% confidence intervals (0.8976, 0.9758) and (0.9460, 0.9878) respectively.

Conclusion: Besides, both Twin-B and new low-cost arch development appliances have a better agreement and can be used interchangeably. Therefore, the new low-cost arch development appliance is more suitable as a treatment for malocclusion for Sri Lankan patients as it is less expensive, simpler and, less invasive.