bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulfide level in municipal sludge digesters affects microbial community response to long-chain fatty acid loads
Authors: Shakeri Yekta Sepehr , Liu Tong , Axelsson Bjerg Mette , Šafarič Luka , Karlsson Anna , Björn Annika , Schnürer Anna
Published: November 2019

Background

Waste lipids are attractive substrates for co-digestion with primary and activated sewage sludge (PASS) to improve biogas production at wastewater treatment plants. However, slow conversion rates of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), produced during anaerobic digestion (AD), limit the applicability of waste lipids as co-substrates for PASS. Previous observations indicate that the sulfide level in PASS digesters affects the capacity of microbial communities to convert LCFA to biogas. This study assessed the microbial community response to LCFA loads in relation to sulfide level during AD of PASS by investigating process performance and microbial community dynamics upon addition of oleate (C18:1) and stearate (C18:0) to PASS digesters at ambient and elevated sulfide levels.

Results

Conversion of LCFA to biogas was limited (30% of theoretical biogas potential) during continuous co-digestion with PASS, which resulted in further LCFA accumulation. However, the accumulated LCFA were converted to biogas (up to 66% of theoretical biogas potential) during subsequent batch-mode digestion, performed without additional substrate load. Elevated sulfide level stimulated oleate (but not stearate) conversion to acetate, but oleate and sulfide imposed a synergistic limiting effect on acetoclastic methanogenesis and biogas formation. Next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons of bacteria and archaea showed that differences in sulfide level and LCFA type resulted in microbial community alterations with distinctly different patterns. Taxonomic profiling of the sequencing data revealed that the phylum Cloacimonetes is likely a key group during LCFA degradation in PASS digesters, where different members take part in degradation of saturated and unsaturated LCFA; genus W5 (family Cloacimonadaceae) and family W27 (order Cloacimonadales), respectively. In addition, LCFA-degrading Syntrophomonas, which is commonly present in lipid-fed digesters, increased in relative abundance after addition of oleate at elevated sulfide level, but not without sulfide or after stearate addition. Stearate conversion to biogas was instead associated with increasing abundance of hydrogen-producing Smithella and hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium.

Conclusions

Long-chain fatty acid chain saturation and sulfide level are selective drivers for establishment of LCFA-degrading microbial communities in municipal sludge digesters.
Chaetomella raphigera β-glucosidase D2-BGL has intriguing structural features and a high substrate affinity that renders it an efficient cellulase supplement for lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis
Authors: Kao Mu-Rong , Kuo Hsion-Wen , Lee Cheng-Chung , Huang Kuan-Ying , Huang Ting-Yen , Li Chen-Wei , Chen C. Will , Wang Andrew H. -J. , Yu Su-May , Ho Tuan-Hua David
Published: November 2019

Background

To produce second-generation biofuels, enzymatic catalysis is required to convert cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. β-Glucosidases finalize the process by hydrolyzing cellobiose into glucose, so the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis largely depends on the quantity and quality of these enzymes used during saccharification. Accordingly, to reduce biofuel production costs, new microbial strains are needed that can produce highly efficient enzymes on a large scale.

Results

We heterologously expressed the fungal β-glucosidase D2-BGL from a Taiwanese indigenous fungus Chaetomella raphigera in Pichia pastoris for constitutive production by fermentation. Recombinant D2-BGL presented significantly higher substrate affinity than the commercial β-glucosidase Novozyme 188 (N188; Km = 0.2 vs 2.14 mM for p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside and 0.96 vs 2.38 mM for cellobiose). When combined with RUT-C30 cellulases, it hydrolyzed acid-pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses more efficiently than the commercial cellulase mixture CTec3. The extent of conversion from cellulose to glucose was 83% for sugarcane bagasse and 63% for rice straws. Compared to N188, use of D2-BGL halved the time necessary to produce maximal levels of ethanol by a semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. We upscaled production of recombinant D2-BGL to 33.6 U/mL within 15 days using a 1-ton bioreactor. Crystal structure analysis revealed that D2-BGL belongs to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 3. Removing the N-glycosylation N68 or O-glycosylation T431 residues by site-directed mutagenesis negatively affected enzyme production in P. pastoris. The F256 substrate-binding residue in D2-BGL is located in a shorter loop surrounding the active site pocket relative to that of Aspergillus β-glucosidases, and this short loop is responsible for its high substrate affinity toward cellobiose.

Conclusions

D2-BGL is an efficient supplement for lignocellulosic biomass saccharification, and we upscaled production of this enzyme using a 1-ton bioreactor. Enzyme production could be further improved using optimized fermentation, which could reduce biofuel production costs. Our structure analysis of D2-BGL offers new insights into GH3 β-glucosidases, which will be useful for strain improvements via a structure-based mutagenesis approach.
Lowe syndrome identified in the offspring of an oocyte donor who was an unknown carrier of a de novo mutation: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tatsi P. , Papanikolaou G. E. , Chartomatsidou T. , Papoulidis I. , Athanasiadis A. , Najdecki R. , Timotheou E.
Published: November 2019

Background

Oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe is an X-linked disorder with very low prevalence in the general population. The OCRL gene encodes the protein phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-5-phosphatase, a lipid phosphatase, located in the trans-Golgi network. Point mutations in the OCRL gene cause Lowe syndrome and Dent disease, which are characterized as a multisystemic disorder. The symptoms of Lowe syndrome are expressed primarily as dysfunction of the eyes, kidneys, and the central nervous system.

Case presentation

This report describes a case of a 31-year-old Georgian woman with a de novo pathogenic mutation causing oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, who was a volunteer in an oocyte donation program for in vitro fertilization purposes, and the outcome of the treatments of this particular donor’s oocyte receivers, describing the implications of the mutation for the children born as a result of the treatments. It raises important medical and ethical issues about the necessity of genetic testing of oocyte donors and the possibility of rare genetic disorders being inherited by the offspring of donors.

Conclusion

This particular case indicates the legal, medical, and emotional risks of utilizing donor oocytes from phenotypically healthy women, whose genetic constitution is unknown in terms of being silent carriers of rare diseases. In addition, all the necessary actions were followed; the further examinations that are required are mentioned. The donor and the offspring should be further tested. The remaining cryopreserved embryos should be destroyed or preimplantation genetic testing should be performed before they are utilized. Finally, all the people involved, the treated couples and the donor, alongside her family, should follow genetic and psychological counselling.
Oscillation criteria of certain fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Xu Di , Meng Fanwei
Published: November 2019

In this article, we regard the generalized Riccati transformation and Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives as the principal instrument. In the proof, we take advantage of the fractional derivatives technique with the addition of interval segmentation techniques, which enlarge the manners to demonstrate the sufficient conditions for oscillation criteria of certain fractional partial differential equations.
Gefitinib Alone Versus Gefitinib Plus Chemotherapy for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Mutated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: NEJ009 Study
Authors: Hosomi Yukio , Morita Satoshi , Sugawara Shunichi , Kato Terufumi , Fukuhara Tatsuro , Gemma Akihiko , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Fujita Yuka , Harada Toshiyuki , Minato Koichi , Takamura Kei , Hagiwara Koichi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Nukiwa Toshihiro , Inoue Akira ,   for the North-East Japan Study Group
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy is highly effective for the treatment of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations; however, little is known about the efficacy and safety of this combination compared with that of standard therapy with EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitors alone.

METHODS

We randomly assigned 345 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutations to gefitinib combined with carboplatin plus pemetrexed or gefitinib alone. Progression-free survival (PFS), PFS2, and overall survival (OS) were sequentially analyzed as primary end points according to a hierarchical sequential testing method. Secondary end points were objective response rate (ORR), safety, and quality of life.

RESULTS

The combination group demonstrated a better ORR and PFS than the gefitinib group (ORR, 84% v 67% [ P < .001]; PFS, 20.9 v 11.9 months; hazard ratio for death or disease progression, 0.490 [ P < .001]), although PFS2 was not significantly different (20.9 v 18.0 months; P = .092). Median OS in the combination group was also significantly longer than in the gefitinib group (50.9 v 38.8 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.722; P = .021). The rate of grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events, such as hematologic toxicities, in the combination group was higher than in the gefitinib group (65.3% v 31.0%); there were no differences in quality of life. One treatment-related death was observed in the combination group.

CONCLUSION

Compared with gefitinib alone, gefitinib combined with carboplatin plus pemetrexed improved PFS in patients with untreated advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations with an acceptable toxicity profile, although its OS benefit requires further validation.
Evaluation of Early Submaximal Exercise Tolerance in Adolescents with Symptomatic Sport-related Concussion
Authors: MORISSETTE MARC P. , CORDINGLEY DEAN M. , ELLIS MICHAEL J. , LEITER JEFF R. S.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to compare cardiorespiratory response to a graded aerobic exercise challenge between adolescents with symptomatic sport-related concussion (SSRC) and healthy control subjects.

Methods

A quasiexperimental nonrandomized study at a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program was conducted. Thirty-four adolescents with SSRC (19 males and 15 females) and 40 healthy control subjects (13 males and 27 females) completed the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Testing (BCTT) until either symptom exacerbation or volitional fatigue. Main outcome measures included heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (V˙O2), carbon dioxide production (V˙CO2), and minute ventilation (V˙E) at rest and at test termination, and change from rest in variables (ΔHR, ΔV˙O2, ΔV˙CO2, and ΔV˙E) during the first five stages of the BCTT. Main outcomes were analyzed using three-way mixed-model ANOVA, with group status (control vs SSRC) and sex (male vs female) as between-subject factors, and time (BCTT stage) as the within-subject factor.

Results

No group differences in resting HR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ΔV˙O2, V˙CO2, and V˙E were observed. During the first five stages of the BCTT, no group differences in ΔV˙O2, V˙CO2, and V˙E were observed; however, SSRC patients demonstrated higher RPE (P < 0.0005) compared with control subjects. No sex-based differences were observed among SSRC patients on measures collected at rest and during early stages of BCTT.

Conclusions

Although SSRC patients exhibited higher RPE during a graded aerobic exercise challenge, no differences in cardiorespiratory response were observed compared with control subjects exercising at equivalent workloads. Further work is needed to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying exercise intolerance after SSRC.
Prospectively Reallocating Sedentary Time: Associations with Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: YATES THOMAS , EDWARDSON CHARLOTTE L. , HENSON JOSEPH , ZACCARDI FRANCESCO , KHUNTI KAMLESH , DAVIES MELANIE J.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate whether prospectively reallocating time away from sedentary behavior (SB) into different physical activity intensities is associated with 12-month change to cardiometabolic health in a cohort at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods

Participants with known risk factors for T2DM were recruited from primary care (Leicestershire, United Kingdom) as part of the Walking Away from Type 2 Diabetes trial (n = 808). Participants were followed up at 12, 24, and 36 months. SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) were measured objectively by accelerometer. Postchallenge glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference were analyzed individually and combined into a clustered cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS). Associations of changing SB over each consecutive 12-month period were analyzed taking account of repeated measures.

Results

Reallocating 30 min from SB to LPA was associated with 0.21-cm (95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.38 cm) reduction in waist circumference, 0.09-mmol·L−1 (0.04–0.13 mmol·L−1) reduction in 2-h glucose, 0.02-mmol·L−1 (0.00–0.04 mmol·L−1) reduction in triglycerides, and 0.02 (0.01–0.03) reduction in CMRS. Every 30-min reallocation from SB to MVPA was associated with 1.23-cm (0.68–1.79 cm) reduction in waist circumference, 0.23-mmol·L−1 (0.10–0.36 mmol·L−1) reduction in 2-h glucose, 0.04-mmol·L−1 (0.00–0.09 mmol·L−1) reduction in triglycerides, and 0.07 (0.04–0.11) reduction in CMRS. Reallocating 30 min from LPA into MVPA was also associated with 1.02-cm (0.43–1.60 cm) reduction in waist circumference, 0.16-mmol·L−1 (0.02–0.30 mmol·L−1) reduction in 2-h glucose, and 0.05 (0.01–0.09) reduction in CMRS.

Conclusion

Over 12 months, reallocating time away from SB into LPA or MVPA was associated with improved cardiometabolic health in a population at risk of T2DM, with the greatest benefits observed for MVPA.
Reproducibility of Accelerometer and Posture-derived Measures of Physical Activity
Authors: SAINT-MAURICE PEDRO F. , SAMPSON JOSHUA N. , KEADLE SARAH KOZEY , WILLIS ERIK A. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , MATTHEWS CHARLES E.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The present study estimated the long-term reproducibility of accelerometer-based measures over 6 months in adults and the implications for statistical power, and attenuation in regression coefficients for future activity–disease studies.

Methods

We used data from 914 adults in the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in AARP study. Participants wore an activPAL 3 (AP) and an ActiGraph GT3X (AG) twice, 6 months apart. AP measures included time spent sitting or lying, standing, and stepping, whereas AG measures included time spent in sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA). Reproducibility of each metric and implications for epidemiological studies were determined based on intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; 95% confidence interval).

Results

The ICC values for AP estimates were 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.63) for sitting, 0.62 (0.57–0.67) for standing, and 0.57 (0.51–0.62) for stepping. The ICC values for AG were 0.56 (0.50–0.61) for sedentary, 0.54 (0.49–0.60) for light PA, and 0.58 (0.52–0.63) for moderate-to-vigorous PA. Modeling showed that increasing the number of replicate administrations to two or three resulted in the most noticeable increases in ICC values, statistical power, and reductions in attenuation coefficients. For example, administering the AP twice reduced within-subject variability by half and resulted in an increase in the ICC associated with sitting time from 0.58 to 0.74. Similar comparisons for AG and measure of sedentary time resulted in an increase in ICC values from 0.56 to 0.72. Increasing the number of replicate administrations from one to two reduced the attenuation in activity–outcome associations from 40% to 25%.

Conclusion

Accelerometer-based classifications of activity are moderately stable over time, but there is considerable within-subject variability that needs to be considered when estimating usual activity in future studies.
The Role of Decision Rights in Codevelopment Initiatives
Authors: Agrawal Vishal , Oraiopoulos Nektarios
Published: November 2019

Problem definition: How should decision rights be allocated between firms occupying different positions in the value chain to maximize the value of a codevelopment project? Academic/practical relevance: We contribute to the operations management literature on the benefits and challenges of codevelopment initiatives by looking at the design of optimal governance structures that specify the allocation of rights to make certain decisions. Our problem is motivated by real-world challenges observed in codevelopment project initiation discussions between technology companies. Methodology: We utilize a game-theoretic model to study the allocation of the ex ante right to set the contract terms and the ex post right to choose which contract to implement, once the market potential is realized. Results: First, we find that delegating more control to a party does not necessarily imply that the party will be incentivized to exert greater effort. Specifically, we show that allocating both rights to the seller as opposed to only the ex ante right actually reduces the seller’s effort. Second, when the buyer has low bargaining power, the ex post decision right should be delegated to the seller, that is, the party with lower exposure to the effort-contingent outcome. Otherwise, the ex post decision right should be delegated to the buyer but the ex ante right should be held by the seller. Finally, we show that simple contracts with decision rights outperform a spot contract when the ex post bargaining power of one of the parties is substantially higher. Managerial implications: Our results offer insights for how managers should structure the optimal governance structure for codevelopment projects. We also identify when and how companies should delegate rights to their partners to maximize the value of the project. We show that the optimal governance structure depends crucially on the position in the value chain of the party with the higher bargaining power.
Phlebotomine sand flies (Psychodidae: Diptera) of Sri Lanka: a review on diversity, biology and bionomics

Authors: WIJERATHNA THARAKA , GUNATHILAKA NAYANA
Published: November 2019

Phlebotomine sand flies are medically important insects widespread throughout the world and responsible for the transmission of several diseases to humans and other animals including leishmaniasis and sand fly fever. In Sri Lanka, a total of 22 species of sand flies belonging to two genera, namely: Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, have been recorded with 6 and 16 species, respectively. The current study reports a complete list of the species of sand flies reported from Sri Lanka with a review on global and local distribution, biology and bionomics of each species as per published literature up to June 2018. Keywords: Sand fly, distribution, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae
Influence of Ethanol as Gasoline Blend on Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Geetha Narayanan Kannaiyan , Bridjesh Pappuula , Sekar Perumal
Published: November 2019

This study analyzes the influence of ethanol as gasoline blend on a spark ignition engine and a mathematical tool is proposed based on multi attribute decision making approach to select optimal combination of operating parameters of a variable compression ratio multi fuel engine considering objective, subjective and integrated weights of attributes. Test fuels used were ethanol-gasoline blends having ethanol in proportions of 10, 20, 30 and 40 vol %. The compression ratio was varied as 6, 7, 8 and 9. The load was varied as 25, 50, 75 and 100%. A series of 16 experiments were conducted by adopting Taguchi based design of experiments resulting in L16 orthogonal array. The result of proposed method shows that the combination of compression ratio 6, ethanol-gasoline blend 30 vol% at a load of 75% is found to the best choice from among other trails and was validated using graph theory matrix approach
Thermodynamic Studies of The Removal of Lead From Synthetic Wastewater Using Cyperus Rotundus
Authors: Balarak Davoud , Mardanshahi Hadise , Chandrika Kethineni , Felice C.S.
Published: November 2019

This research wasaccomplished to appraise the performance of Cyperus Rotundus Stalk (CRS) in adsorption of lead heavy metalofaquatic environments. For this purpose, the batch system was used for review the effect pH, Mixing time, adsorbent particle size and temperature for Pb(II) removal on the CRS. The highest lead removal efficacy was achieved in pH=6 and it was considered as the optimum pH. The result indicated the maximum Pb(II) adsorption at the contact time of 90 min which implies that increase in contact time lead to a higher lead uptake.The amount of R2using the pseudo-second-order are greater than compare with others models.Influence of temperature was determined byusing thermodynamic parameters and the results showedremoval of lead on the CRS was endothermic, spontaneousandfeasible.
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Catalyst for the Oxidation of Methanol
Authors: Bayahia Hossein
Published: November 2019

This study outlines the synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles, their characterization and their activity in the oxidation of methanol. A simple and easy co-precipitation method was used for the preparation of cerium oxide, without any added surfactants. The physicochemical properties of the sample were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and size of the catalyst was studied using SEM. EDX confirms the element content of the synthesized cerium oxide. The structure of CeO2 was confirmed using XRD. Thus, the reported CeO2 was an active catalyst for methanol oxidation to form formaldehyde at a temperature range of 523–753K in the gas phase. At 753K, the cerium oxide catalyst gave 53% formaldehyde selectivity, 57% methanol conversion and 31% formaldehyde yields.
Development of Microfluidic Technology for the Extraction of Ions from Some Dye Samples for Pretreatment Prior Analysis
Authors: Fallatah Ahmed Mohamed
Published: November 2019

Two different dye samples Fast Green and Black T were subjected for extracting their ions using a novel methodology based on microfluidics using a membrane without Treatment and membrane coated with copper nanoparticles, which exploits the advantages of miniaturization for sample introduction and extraction of a range of ions through a membrane before and after treatment. The membrane coated with Cu nanoparticles increases the extracting efficiency to 96.3 and 91.62 for Fastgreen membrane and Black T membrane respectively. This due to the new and good physical properties of the membrane surface after coating with nanoparticles.
Between the gangster and the country gentleman: Male fashion during the volatile 1990s
Authors: Goscilo Helena
Published: November 2019

Official de-Sovietization during the chaotic 1990s ushered in ‘The New’ – ostensibly, a new sociopolitical and economic order, a new business vocabulary, the new word ‘rossiiane’ for Russian citizens, the New Russians and the new genre of male fashion. Much of the new, in fact, recuperated the pre-Soviet old, including appropriation of western styles in sundry walks of life. Within male fashion, sartorial choice signalled allegiance to the ‘new’ order, financial and social status, individualism or membership in various collectives. Glossies targeting a male readership served as both primers and advertisements for men intent on forging an identity expressed in sartorial choices derived from such western modes as grunge, pop, Mafia, British rural garb and youth-eclectic ‘casual’. For better and worse, that plethora reflected the seemingly endless options for the country during the Yeltsin era.
Fashioning Muslim men: Appraising professional Saudi men’s attitudes towards the thobe
Authors: DeCoursey C. A.
Published: November 2019

The Muslim man’s shirt-dress, or thobe, is a popular form of dress in the global Muslim community. Attention to Muslim clothing has most often been to its associated ideology. As a fashionable garment worn across many regions of the world, the thobe has received little attention within the fashion industry or from fashion scholars. This study used Appraisal methods to analyse the subjective attitudes of 79 professional Saudi men in describing their positive and negative views of the thobe. Attitudes were clearly positive overall, realized in engagement clauses reflecting a reserved linguistic style, and showing the collectivist and uncertainty-avoidant social values characteristic of educated Saudi men. The reserved nature of the Saudi male style means that positive results may be read as significantly more positive than subcategory frequencies would otherwise suggest. Frequently realized judgements of social sanction indicate that participants enjoyed the thobe because it allowed them to participate in shared national and religious identities. Frequently realized judgements of social esteem indicate that they find it more practical and comfortable than western wear. Participants identified a variety of elements of design that are desirable and significant to them in a thobe. They distinguished different kinds of thobes based on their social function and context.
Fashion parades – for men only: Multiple tailor Hepworths, designer Hardy Amies and the marketing of men’s suits in Britain in the 1960s
Authors: Sprecher Danielle
Published: November 2019

This article will examine the use of male fashion shows as a marketing and promotional tool by British high street multiple tailor Hepworths in the 1960s as part of their design collaboration with women’s fashion designer and couturier Hardy Amies. The partnership successfully brought the concept of the branded designer label to British men for the first time and was a major initiative for the menswear industry as it highlighted and consolidated a design ethos which strongly emphasized men’s fashion. Drawing on a wide range of primary source material including oral history interviews with two male models who worked for Hepworths and Amies; object studies of surviving garments; and film and images of the shows, this article will explore the significant and innovative approach to selling men’s fashionable tailoring taken by this mid-market menswear company. It also provides a broader understanding of the history of men’s fashion during this period, a narrative which is dominated by the concept of the peacock revolution, by demonstrating Hepworths’ important contribution to everyday men’s fashion in post-Second World War Britain.
Of Ghosts'(In)ability to Haunt: >Polish Dybbuks<
Authors: Dziuban Zuzanna
Published: November 2019

Since the late 1980s, dybbuk(s) have proliferated, both literally and figuratively, in Polish dramas, performance art and film. Constructed and reconstructed by Polish authors engaging with »Jewish themes« and asking (or making assertions) about the positionality of Poles towards the victims of the Holocaust, the dybbuk, in its Polish artistic renditions, has been highly sensitive to transformations in cultural, political and affective constellations. But one thing has remained consistent across the various framings and reframings of the figure (by the authors themselves, as well as by the critics of their work): the dybbuk has been firmly established as a figure of memory, in particular of Polish memory about Jews - its ghostliness bridging the impassable hiatus between absent/present, present/past, and living/dead. In this paper, I work against this dominant interpretation. What I propose, instead, is a reading of the figure of the haunting dybbuk through the prism of a series of »unacknowledged continuities« - the continuities inscribed in the Polish framings of the dybbuk and also in the obdurate symbolic/political/material realities through which it travels. Rather than a figure that induces remembrance, I argue, the Polish dybbuk speaks of the ability to perpetuate and/or transform the continuities in the social, economic and symbolic order, of the ability to unveil and/or disavow the persistent presence of the frames and sensibilities. Rather than present an internal criticism on Polish wartime behavior, applying this image testifies to lingering power structures between the Poles and Jews, both living and dead, based on othering, violence and exclusion. Thinking through various renditions of the figure, both those from the 1980s and more contemporary versions, such as the 2015 movie Demon (dir. M. Wrona), I ask about the (potential) transformative power of the »Polish« dybbuk; in other words, its ability or inability to haunt.
"Ich liebe ihn!"
Authors: Hoffmann Birthe
Published: November 2019

Birthe Hoffmann widmet sich der formalen und thematischen Verwandtschaft zwischen Handke und Grillparzer. Ausgehend von Handkes Würdigung Grillparzers in seiner Grillparzer-Preisrede, in der dieser als ein durch viele Gegensätze geprägter, beharrlich abseits stehender, im weitesten Sinne heimatloser und umso naher und gegenwärtiger »Ahnherr« evoziert wird, wird in einer spiegelbildlichen Lektüre von Langsame Heimkehr und Die Lehre der Sainte Victoire und den von Handke in dieser Schaffensphase rezipierten Texten Grillparzers, den autobiographischen und ästhetischen Schriften sowie Der arme Spielmann, »Familienähnlichkeiten« dieser beiden »aufs Ganze« gehenden Autoren aufgezeigt. So wird im Zusammenfügen des Disparaten, das Nebeneinander von Gegensätzen das zentrale, gemeinsame Formprinzip deutlich, durch die eine brüchige, aber »schöne«, weil ästhetisch verwandelte Wirklichkeit intersubjektiv wahrnehmbar wird und so in epiphanischen Augenblicken den Riss zwischen Ich und Welt, Vergangenheit und Gegenwart zu überbrücken vermag.
Handkes monologisches Spiel mit Beckett
Authors: Ringler-Pascu Eleonora
Published: November 2019

Eleonora Ringler-Pascu bietet eine vergleichende Studie der dramatischen Texte von Samuel Beckett »Das letzte Band« und Peter Handkes Einakter »Bis daß der Tag euch scheidet oder Eine Frage des Lichts«. Der Dialog der zwei dramatischen Texte ergibt ein monologisches Spiel von einzelnen Zweisamkeiten - die Erinnerungen Krapps an seine Geliebte, die auf der verbalen und non-verbalen Ebene in Bilder umgesetzt werden, bzw. die Anrede der »unbekannten Frau« an Krapp. Peter Handkes dramatischer Text kann als eine kritisch-poetische Auseinandersetzung mit Samuel Becketts monologischem Drama gelesen werden. Dieser Beitrag ist ein Versuch, dem Schreibprojekt des österreichischen Gegenwartsautors zu folgen, seinen »Echo«-Monolog dem Ausgangstext des irischen Autors gegenüberzustellen, um die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede beider poetischen dramatischen Spiele hervorzuheben und dadurch das »bekannt Unbekannte« wahrzunehmen.
Wissenschaft auf der Bühne
Authors: Querfurt Andrea
Published: November 2019

Können wir als Wissenschaftler*innen über uns als Wissenschaftler*innen überhaupt sprechen? Wie können Weisen der Evidenzerzeugung bei wissenschaftlichen Auftritten beobachtbar gemacht werden, wenn der Betrachterin alles, was da geschieht, unmittelbar einsichtig, eben evident ist? Wie gerät die Verkörperung eines wissenschaftlichen Habitus einem wissenschaftlich habitualisierten Körper, gleichsam durch sich selbst hindurch, in den Blick? Diesen Fragen widmet sich Andrea Querfurt in ihrem Beitrag, indem sie den wissenschaftlichen Auftritt von der Anreise mit dem Zug bis zum Abendauftritt im Restaurant aus einer auto-/ethnographischen Perspektive in den Blick nimmt.
Gewaltige Liebe
Authors: Lohner Eva Maria
Published: November 2019

Wie erleben junge Frauen Gewalt in den ersten eigenen Paarbeziehungen? Welche Rolle spielen Gewalterfahrungen in der Herkunftsfamilie und wie prägen diese die eigenen Beziehungsvorstellungen? Im europäischen Kontext ist der Forschungsdiskurs zu Gewalt in jugendlichen Paarbeziehungen kaum entwickelt. Vor allem aber fehlt die Subjektperspektive: die Erfahrungen, die jugendliche und junge Frauen in ihren ersten Liebesbeziehungen machen. Eva Maria Lohner macht die gesellschaftliche Relevanz dieser Perspektive deutlich und zeigt, dass sich vor ihrem Hintergrund bedeutsame Anschlussstellen für sozialpädagogische Unterstützung und Begleitung ableiten lassen.
Brasilien am Main
Authors: Barboza Amalia
Published: November 2019

In einer Stadt wie Frankfurt am Main muss man nicht mehr verreisen, um ein fernes Land zu erkunden. Brasilien findet man hinter vielen Türen, denn die verlassene Heimat wird von Migrant_innen unterschiedlich aufbewahrt und täglich in verschiedenen Medien aktualisiert: in Büchern, Tänzen, Musik und Bildern, aber auch in Gerüchen und Kulinarischem. Könnte man also ein fernes Land in seiner Vielfalt und Prozesshaftigkeit verstehen, wenn man es in der »Migration« bereist? Amalia Barboza sucht nach einem relationalen und performativen Ansatz, um die Wege zu verfolgen, die sich in der Migration und in der Forschung kreuzen. Dabei wird ersichtlich, dass eine Nation ein lebendiges Konstrukt ist, welches immer wieder neu aus verschiedenen Perspektiven imaginiert und konstruiert wird.
Vernetzte Islamfeindlichkeit
Authors: Wäckerlig Oliver
Published: November 2019

Mit dem Schlagwort der »Islamisierung« mobilisieren unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Strömungen ihre Anhängerschaft. Es dient auch dem Kampf gegen liberale Demokratien mit ihrem gesellschaftlichen Pluralismus. Im innergesellschaftlichen Kulturkampf verlangen dabei apokalyptische Nieder- und Untergangsszenarien nach fundamentalem Wandel. Oliver Wäckerligs Netzwerkanalyse zeichnet eine transatlantische islamfeindliche Bewegung mit ihren Übergängen zur Mitte der Gesellschaft nach und zeigt eine organisatorische Kontinuität vom Anti-Kommunismus zur Islamfeindlichkeit auf. »Islam-Experten« stehen dabei in verschiedenen Rollen an den Scharnierstellen des Netzwerks und verbinden Akteure, Organisationen und Medien.
The (American) Way of Experiencing Video Game Violence
Authors: Panic-Cidic Natali
Published: November 2019

Inspired by the recurring claim by the US president Donald Trump that »video game violence is creating monsters«, this paper seeks to discuss this fallacy by assessing our experience of violence in video games with cognitive, emotional, and aesthetic parameters. My main claim is that video game violence, apart from being entertainment, let us explore and develop cognitive processes, and is a place where the sublime is experienced. Exploring the linkage between the three parameters will reveal the true, non-violent effects of being exposed to video game violence. Assessing the cognitive dimension explains what the mirror neurons are and how they could be linked to positive effects of video game violence. This is further linked to the emotional parameter that violence is closely connected to compassion. Lastly, being attracted to pain, darkness, and violence is defined by Edmund Burke as sublime, which we as human beings seem to enjoy very much. This last dimension is again linked to the first two parameters. As this paper is situated in Cognitive Studies and American Pop-Culture, I will first explain the role of violence in the American culture and reveal how this influences the video game discourse. Based on this, the three parameters: cognition, emotion, and aesthetics are discussed. Each of the parameters are accompanied by video game examples. Finally, I will conclude by giving an outlook for further research.
On Character Analysis and Blending Theory. Why You Cried at the End of THE LAST OF US
Authors: Panic-Cidic Natali
Published: November 2019

In diesem Beitrag wird der Framework der kognitiven Narratologie für die Analyse der Charakterentwicklung von Joel in The Last of Us verwendet. Insbesondere werde ich die hohe emotionale Bindung zwischen dem Spieler und dem Charakter analysieren. Meine zentrale Annahme ist, dass diese Beziehung von der Handlungsstruktur und der Erzählung abhängt, Eigenschaften, die dem story-getriebenen Spielgenre durchaus angemessen sind. Die Anwendung der kognitiven Narratologie wird es mir ermöglichen, einen Überblick über die Fähigkeit des Spiels zu geben, die Wahrnehmung der Spieler zu beeinflussen. Zunächst werden einige der grundlegenden Konzepte der kognitiven Narratologie vorgestellt, die für meine Untersuchung zentral sind. Anschließend werden diese Konzepte angewendet, um eine detaillierte Analyse der Charakterentwicklung im Rahmen von Blending durchzuführen. Schließlich wird die Analyse damit verknüpft, wie die Spieler das Spiel emotional erleben.
The Trial of Thomas Hardy
Authors: Angus Ian
Published: November 2019

November 5, 2019, is the 225th anniversary of the acquittal of Thomas Hardy on charges of High Treason. Hardy is nearly forgotten today, but for decades workers and democrats in England celebrated November 5 as the anniversary of a major victory, a triumph over a powerful state that had deployed immense resources to crush working-class organizations and suppress popular demands for democratic rights.
U.S. Weakness and the Struggle for Hegemony
Authors: Wallerstein Immanuel
Published: November 2019

Monthly Review and Monthly Review Press author and celebrated world-systems theorist Immanuel Wallerstein died on August 31, 2019. In his memory, we republish an article that first appeared in Monthly Review 55, no. 3 (July–August 2003).
Unraveling the ‘female teacher effect’: The positioning and agency of female teachers in girls’ education reform
Authors: Morley Alyssa
Published: November 2019

Concerns about the academic performance of students from marginalized groups underscore calls for students to be taught by teachers of similar racial, ethnic, or gender identities (e.g., Miller, 2018). In sub-Saharan Africa, projects enlist women teachers as role models for girls in an effort to redress persistent gender disparities in education. However, in casting women teachers as inherent role models to girls, these projects run the risk of reinforcing long-standing portrayals of women in the Global South as a monolithic group with heightened responsibility for development (Chant, 2006; Mohanty, 1988). I identify one policy pilot in Malawi as a window for examining this phenomenon, and I pair discourse analysis and ethnographic analysis to investigate how women teachers are constructed in this policy and how these constructions unravel in practice. Drawing on anthropology of policy, I first trace how female teachers are created as particular types of “policy subjects” (Ball, Maguire, Braun, & Hoskins, 2011). Then, I examine how teachers at one school grapple with these narrowly constructed roles. This study’s findings caution against a disproportionate reliance on same-gender teachers for role-modelling, particularly when these teachers also belong to marginalized groups.
Elements of Scarcity
Authors: Cole-Hamilton David J.
Published: November 2019

We used to chant a rhyme when we were young (I had three dominant sisters and no brothers!): “What are little girls made of? Sugar and spice and all things nice. What are little boys made of? Slugs and snails and puppy dog’s tails.” The truth is, of course, that they are all made from the same things, as is everything around them that makes up our diverse and beautiful world as well as much of the universe—the 90 natural elements that are the building blocks of life. It is an amazing thought that these are only building blocks so it is essential that we should nurture and cherish all of them if we are to continue to enjoy life in its abundance.
A diagnostic time-out to improve differential diagnosis in pediatric abdominal pain
Authors: Kasick Rena T. , Melvin Jennifer E. , Perera Sajithya T. , Perry Michael F. , Black Joshua D. , Bode Ryan S. , Groner Jonathan I. , Kersey Kelly E. , Klamer Brett G. , Bai Shasha , McClead Richard E.
Published: November 2019

Background

Pediatric abdominal pain is challenging to diagnose and often results in unscheduled return visits to the emergency department. External pressures and diagnostic momentum can impair physicians from thoughtful reflection on the differential diagnosis (DDx). We implemented a diagnostic time-out intervention and created a scoring tool to improve the quality and documentation rates of DDx. The specific aim of this quality improvement (QI) project was to increase the frequency of resident and attending physician documentation of DDx in pediatric patients admitted with abdominal pain by 25% over 6 months.

Methods

We reviewed a total of 165 patients admitted to the general pediatrics service at one institution. Sixty-four history and physical (H&P) notes were reviewed during the baseline period, July–December 2017; 101 charts were reviewed post-intervention, January–June 2018. Medical teams were tasked to perform a diagnostic time-out on all patients during the study period. Metrics tracked monthly included percentage of H&Ps with a ‘complete’ DDx and quality scores (Qs) using our Differential Diagnosis Scoring Rubric.

Results

At baseline, 43 (67%) resident notes and 49 (77%) attending notes documented a ‘complete’ DDx. Post-intervention, 59 (58%) resident notes and 69 (68%) attending notes met this criteria. Mean Qs, pre- to post-intervention, for resident-documented differential diagnoses increased slightly (2.41–2.47, p = 0.73), but attending-documented DDx did not improve (2.85–2.82, p = 0.88).

Conclusions

We demonstrated a marginal improvement in the quality of resident-documented DDx. Expansion of diagnoses considered within a DDx may contribute to higher diagnostic accuracy.
Teaching the Hidden Curriculum of Group Work for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Scott Kristina
Published: November 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with marked abnormal impairments in social interactions. This study used a multiple baseline design (A-B-A) to understand how four fifth grade students with ASD verbally interacted with five teacher-nominated peers during cooperative group work. The purpose of this study was to examine how students with ASD participated in the hidden curriculum of socialization that group work has associated with it. Video-recorded observations were transcribed and coded based on the nature of each conversational attempt: prompted reciprocal communication, unprompted reciprocal communication, self-centric conversations, directives, clarification questions/statements, and off-topic remarks. Data was taken at baseline, during a time period where a structured protocol was used in reciprocal peer tutoring during literature circles, and when the literature class returned to business-as-usual. Results from this study indicate that when the four participants with ASD used a structured protocol that guided communication attempts (through explicit tasks) during cooperative academic group work their overall interaction attempts increased, as did their (prompted and unprompted) reciprocal exchanges. Generalization happened for one student, but a limitation may explain why it did not happen for all four students.
Re-imagining the Pedagogical Paradigm Within a Technology Mediated Learning Environment
Authors: Brown Ken , Larionova Viola , Stepanova Natalia , Lally Vic
Published: November 2019

Traditional didactic pedagogies employed within the culture of the Russian higher education system precluded students’ engagement with problems which were described as generating dissonances in learning cognition. Addressing issues of dissonance within the higher education learning sphere requires re-imagining the educational culture. Re-imagining provides an opportunity to promote new approaches to learning through alternative affordances; one such affordance is technology mediated learning.

Pedagogical re-design within an alternative learning paradigm requires deep understanding of the problems associated with the previous paradigm. Re-imagined pedagogical scope for exploration of the professional, learning, cultural, institutional and technical aspects expand the knowledge base beyond the didactic towards an engaging student-centered ethos using open education and gamification.

To address issues of learning, culture, technology, and institution, a convergent mixed methods design using student questionnaires and academic interviews alongside performance observations was employed. The research study examined the re-imagining of the educational culture to promote new approaches to learning through the affordances of technology mediated learning within a constructivist, critical realism epistemology using thematic analysis.

The re-imagined pedagogical design within a technology mediated learning environment demonstrates a cultural shift towards an engaging and supportive educational experience. The lessons learned may be applied in other higher educational contexts.
On the two-term exponential sums and character sums of polynomials
Authors: Ma Yuankui , Zhang Wenpeng
Published: November 2019

The main aim of this paper is to use the analytic methods and the properties of the classical Gauss sums to research the computational problem of one kind hybrid power mean containing the character sums of polynomials and two-term exponential sums modulo p, an odd prime, and acquire several accurate asymptotic formulas for them.
Coexistence for a kind of stochastic three-species competitive models
Authors: Huang Nantian , Huang Jiabing , Wei Yuming , Liu Yongjian
Published: November 2019

The coexistence of species sustains the ecological balance in nature. This paper focuses on sufficient conditions for the coexistence of a three-species stochastic competitive model, where the model has non-linear diffusion parts. Three values λ3z, λ3x and λ3y are introduced and calculated from the coefficients, which can be considered as threshold values. Moreover, convergence in distribution of the positive solution of the model is also addressed. A few numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results.
All-in-one silicon photonic polarization processor
Authors: Zhou Hailong , Zhao Yuhe , Wei Yanxian , Li Feng , Dong Jianji , Zhang Xinliang
Published: November 2019

With the great developments in optical communication technology and large-scale optical integration technology, it is imperative to realize the traditional functions of polarization processing on an integration platform. Most of the existing polarization devices, such as polarization multiplexers/demultiplexers, polarization controllers, polarization analyzers, etc., perform only a single function. Definitely, integrating all these polarization functions on a chip will increase function flexibility and integration density and also cut the cost. In this article, we demonstrate an all-in-one chip-scale polarization processor based on a linear optical network. The polarization functions can be configured by tuning the array of phase shifters on the chip. We demonstrate multiple polarization processing functions, including those of a multiple-input-multiple-output polarization descrambler, polarization controller, and polarization analyzer, which are the basic building blocks of polarization processing. More functions can be realized by using an additional two-dimensional output grating. A numerical gradient descent algorithm is employed to self-configure and self-optimize these functions. Our demonstration suggests great potential for chip-scale, reconfigurable, and fully programmable photonic polarization processors with the artificial intelligence algorithm.
The crystal structure of 1-benzyl-4-(2-(phenylethynyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole, C23H17N3
Authors: Liu Quan , Xiong Guowei , Chen Yunfeng , Li Yuanxiang
Published: November 2019

C23H17N3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.7817(14) Å, b = 5.3165(6) Å, c = 14.1747(16) Å, β = 95.731(2)°, V = 883.43(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0663, wR
ref(F
2) = 1567, T = 298(2) K.