bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paroles portées
Authors: Robert Philippe
Published: April 2017

L’affiliation s’inscrit structurellement dans la construction filiative de tout un chacun. La crise adolescente est familiale et implique donc de ne pas isoler les différents acteurs de ce processus. L’Institution comme lieu spécifique de dépôt et de projection des problématiques inter et trans-subjectives permet de travailler la fonction phorique pour aboutir à un travail de transformation et d’appropriation.
Une nouvelle naissance
Authors: Duparc François
Published: April 2017

L’adolescence est une seconde naissance, avec toute la résonance traumatique qu’elle peut induire chez les parents. De plus en plus précoce de nos jours, le début de la puberté est un moment précieux pour la prise en charge analytique d’un risque psychotique. La seconde phase, naissance symbolique à la vie adulte, doit être celle de l’intégration des agirs, de la masturbation et des limites, dans une identité ouverte à l’amour grâce au deuil de l’enfance et des objets œdipiens.
Quand le traitement commence
Authors: Schilton Delphine
Published: April 2017

Le traitement débute quand le patient adolescent ou jeune adulte s’approprie la demande thérapeutique et formule un besoin de compréhension pour lui-même. Il s’agit pour cela de quitter un registre narcissique mis défensivement au premier plan dans les éléments du discours, qui masque la souffrance et le symptôme. L’adjonction au cadre initial psychothérapique d’une séance mensuelle de psychodrame a permis ici au transfert objectal de se manifester.
San Francisco, ville injuste ? La capitale du progressisme états-unien à l’épreuve de la croissance des inégalités
Authors: Lehman-Frisch Sonia
Published: April 2017

Dans le contexte d’un débat intense sur l’augmentation des inégalités aux États-Unis, San Francisco a récemment été pointée du doigt comme l’une des grandes villes où elles sont les plus marquées. Cette dénonciation repose sur l’assimilation implicite de ces inégalités à une injustice insoutenable, alors même que les philosophes ont montré depuis longtemps qu’inégalités et injustice ne se confondent pas. Aussi semble-t-il important d’examiner avec attention la question des rapports entre inégalités et injustice dans le contexte des grandes villes. C’est ce que cet article propose de faire à partir du cas de la ville de San Francisco, en se concentrant spécifiquement sur la question des inégalités de revenus. Il explicite d’abord les enjeux d’une analyse de la dimension spatiale des inégalités de revenu au regard de la notion de justice. Il étudie ensuite le profond sentiment d’injustice nourri par ces inégalités, qui constitue à son tour le ferment d’importants mouvements de contestation. Enfin, face aux réactions de la société civile, il examine la manière dont les acteurs publics se situent au regard de cette question, dans une ville réputée pour être la capitale du progressisme aux États-Unis. Au bout du compte, à partir d’une analyse des liens entre inégalités (rendues visibles dans l’espace), ressentiment, mobilisations et politiques publiques, il s’agit de saisir si San Francisco, ville inégale, est aussi une ville injuste.
La fabrique de la coutume au Maroc : le droit des femmes aux terres collectives
Authors: Berriane Yasmine , Rignall Karen
Published: April 2017

Cet article situe les débats actuels autour de l’accès genré aux terres collectives au Maroc par rapport à une discussion plus large sur l’héritage colonial et la fabrique du droit coutumier. La construction coloniale de la ‘collectivité ethnique’ et l’institutionnalisation du ‘droit coutumier’ ont préservé la coutume comme catégorie juridique mais elles ont rigidifié son application en l’inscrivant dans le cadre plus général du droit positif. La manière dont le droit coutumier et le droit positif se constituent mutuellement a produit un système d’exclusion structurelle des femmes des terres collectives cautionné par l’État. Aujourd’hui, ce système d’exclusion est remis en question par différents acteurs. Ces derniers contribuent à redonner vie aux catégories coloniales en mobilisant la ‘coutume’ à de nouvelles fins et en reproduisant la distinction entre des régimes coutumiers qui oppriment les femmes et un droit positif qui promeut l’égalité. Dans ce contexte, le poids de l’héritage colonial est souvent simplifié, voire même oublié.
Le diagnostic en psychiatrie infanto-juvénile est-il possible et souhaitable ?
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel
Published: April 2017

Question ancienne et pourtant toujours d’actualité, le diagnostic alimente débats et polémiques. La dernière version de l’échelle de classification du DSM n’a certainement pas apaisé ceux-ci. Dans le vaste champ de l’aide et des soins à l’égard de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, les questions liées au diagnostic transcendent souvent les aspects de prises en charge et de liens thérapeutiques ainsi que les multiples échanges entre professionnels concernés. Le diagnostic pédopsychiatrique est un processus dynamique, modifiable et momentané, les organisations pathologiques étant pour la plupart en transformation permanente. De manière spécifique et en fonction du processus développemental, la thématique du diagnostic en pédopsychiatrie renvoie plus à la question du risque évolutif qu’à la question d’un état pathologique en soi. S’appuyant sur une vignette clinique, l’article développe une réflexion sur ce que nous comprenons par diagnostic dans le domaine spécifique de la psychiatrie infanto-juvénile. Sont abordés les aspects généraux liés au diagnostic lui-même avant de souligner les places, fonctions, enjeux de l’enfant dans la société d’aujourd’hui. Puis, le thème même du diagnostic est discuté, en en montrant l’utilité et les risques. Ainsi, l’objectif vise à répondre à la question essentielle : le diagnostic en psychiatrie infanto-juvénile est-il possible et souhaitable ?
La mélancolie, envers de la thérapeutique
Authors: Glineur Cécile
Published: April 2017

L’article soutient que le travail du psychologue orienté par les repères de la psychanalyse s’inscrit nécessairement hors de toute «  furor sanandi  », quand bien même sa pratique a lieu dans des institutions vouées au soin, voire à la guérison. À partir d’un cas clinique, l’auteur met en exergue que l’accompagnement clinique s’oriente des dires de l’usager et du repérage d’une logique subjective qui lui est propre, non d’une volonté ni d’un désir thérapeutique posé a priori.
Grec logos : premières approches philosophiques et grammaticales de l’énoncé
Authors: Ildefonse Frédérique , Lallot Jean
Published: April 2017

Le grec logos , que l’on peut traduire, entre autres, par « énoncé », peut s’appliquer à tout ensemble langagier signifiant analysable en constituants eux-mêmes signifiants – en fait, des mots que la tradition définira comme « parties du logos  ». Platon déclare forme « première et minimale » du logos une séquence comme « l’homme apprend », décrite comme l’entrelacement d’un nom (onoma) et d’un verbe (rhêma) . Cet objet complexe, soumis à une syntaxe, a la propriété sui generis de dire quelque chose, de vrai ou de faux, sur le monde : Aristote le nommera logos apophantikos « énoncé déclaratif » – et c’est en prenant appui sur ce socle que la tradition logico-grammaticale grecque mettra en évidence la diversité des énoncés autres que déclaratifs simples. Les Stoïciens ont apporté ici une contribution décisive dont on entrevoit la fécondité dans l’œuvre conservée d’Apollonius Dyscole.
Points de vue sur l’énoncé et typologies propositionnelles dans la grammaire générale française (XVII e -XVIII e siècles)
Authors: Raby Valérie
Published: April 2017

La grammaire générale française ( xvii e - xviii e siècles) a fait de l’énoncé, sous l’espèce propositionnelle, le niveau d’analyse pertinent pour tenter de fonder une théorie générale du langage et des langues. Le renouvellement des traditions d’analyse de l’énoncé passe par une représentation de la proposition comme objet pluridimensionnel, susceptible de plusieurs « points de vue », dont rendent compte les nombreuses typologies propositionnelles élaborées par les grammaires générales du xviii e siècle. Cette étude vise à éclairer les principes et conditions de développement du motif interprétatif des points de vue sur la proposition ou la phrase, depuis sa première formulation dans la grammaire et la logique de Port-Royal jusqu’au début du xix e siècle.
Le pronom ON dans l’interaction en face à face : une ressource de (dé)contextualisation
Authors: Jacquin Jérôme
Published: April 2017

L’article revient sur le pronom ON en réinterrogeant la capacité qu’on lui octroie d’anonymiser le référent. Cette possibilité étant tout à fait avérée, comme en témoigne la phrase précédente, elle a eu tendance à monopoliser les recherches et à contribuer à consolider une démarche substitutive dans le traitement des emplois de ON : si ON anonymise, c’est parce qu’une autre forme dont le sémantisme est plus précis aurait convenu pour opérer une référence identique. L’article discute cette approche substitutive et, au travers de l’analyse énonciative et multimodale d’extraits de débats publics et télévisés, montre que ON peut permettre au locuteur de maintenir son énoncé à un certain niveau de généralité ( i.e.  orientation vers la décontextualisation), mais sans pour autant empêcher le pointage simultané, par le biais d’autres ressources sémiotiques, d’un ou de plusieurs exemplaire(s) de la classe ainsi parcourue ( i.e.  orientation vers la contextualisation).
Updating Student Profiles in Adaptive Mobile Learning using ASP.net MVC, dotNetRDF, Turtle, and the Semantic Web
Authors: Hamada Samir E , Alkore Alshalabi Ibrahim , Elleithy Khaled , Badara Ioana , Moslehpour Saeid
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we present a conceptual framework for using the Semantic Web to get student data from other educational institutions, enabling the educational institutions to communicate and exchange student data and then use this information to adjust the students’ profiles and modify their learning paths. Semantic Web will create a more personalized dynamic course for each student, according to his/her ability, educational level, and experience.
A Mobile and Web Application for Mapping Disaster Volunteers’ Position in Indonesia
Authors: Indriasari Theresia Devi , Anindito Kusworo , Julianto Eddy , Pangaribuan Bertha Laroha Paraya
Published: April 2017

Indonesia is a country located on top of some tectonic plates that bring potential natural disasters. Disaster management system is considered essential in controlling the situation in the site both before and after the disaster takes place. In disaster situation, the government and society are involved in a volunteer team in order to help minimize victims and support survivors. However, the volunteering activities are often hindered since there are problems in the disaster site. One of the problems is late responses due to poor coordination among volunteers that drives the delay in disaster relief. Therefore, it is necessary to have an application that maps the positions of volunteers in a disaster site, so that the disaster management coordinator can disseminate volunteers to disaster areas based on needs. The purpose of the study is to propose an application called ‘MyMapVolunteers’ that effectively and efficiently detects the position of the volunteers in order to improve disaster management service. In this case, real time and location based service technology will able to detect the position of each volunteer. ‘MyMapVolunteers’ is composed of two platforms, which are mobile and web applications. Mobile platform is an application that uses GPS function provided by the smartphone to find the volunteers’ location coordinates and then send the data of the location automatically and manually. The web platform is used to receive volunteers’ location data and to present them in google map, therefore disaster management coordinator can monitor the positions of and search for volunteers faster.
Designing Module E-Complaint System Based on Geotagging and Geofencing
Authors: Basid Puspa Miladin Nuraida Safitri A , Tolle Herman , Ramdani Fatwa
Published: April 2017

The government initiative in the implementation of smart city concept is an effort in the management of a city. In the governance of a town, public service is one of the most important aspects. Improving public services requires public role because the society is the direct users of public services. One role of the community in improving public service is to provide information or complaint to the government. However, the media where the public reports such information has yet been optimum. Therefore, the researcher assumed that the public needs certain media as well as some support system where they can make complaints related to public service. The support system is in the form of e-complaint system installed on smartphones equipped with geotagging techniques to determine exactly where the complaint is made (location) and geofencing method to determine which territory the complaint belongs to. In this study, the researcher explained the process of designing module for geotagging and geofencing-based e-complaint system. Several experiments were conducted to find out the accuracy of these techniques. With 94% accuracy, geofencing was a suitable technique to apply. In addition, geotagging techniques using EXIF of a digital image was considered the most suitable technique for the e-complaint system rather than other geotagging techniques.
Android Users Privacy Awareness Survey
Authors: Alani Mohammed M.
Published: April 2017

Having a share of over 80% of the smartphone market, Android has become an important mobile operating system that is used by billions of users on daily basis. With the widespread use of smartphones in general, and Android in specific, privacy concerns grow with that expansion in the user base. With the millions of applications being downloaded by users daily, it is becoming increasingly difficult to differentiate between the good and the bad in terms of security and privacy. In this paper, we present the results of a survey conducted among 4027 Android users worldwide. This survey was conducted to measure the awareness of Android users regarding their privacy. The study measures the users' interaction with the permissions required by different applications they install. The results of the survey show apparent weakness in the awareness of Android users regarding the privacy of their data.
Microstructural Evolution of AlMg4.5 and High-Mg Containing AlMg10 Alloys during Solidification and Homogenization Treatment
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Kim Bong Hwan , Ha Seong Ho , Kim Shae K. , Yoon Young Ok , Hyun Soong Keun
Published: April 2017

The microstructural evolution of AlMg4.5 and high-Mg containing AlMg10 alloys were investigated during homogenization by metallurgical analyses and micro-Vickers hardness test. It was concluded that the increased amount of Mg solute in AlMg10 alloy leads to formations of both super-saturated Al-Mg solid solution and increased eutectic Mg2Al3 phase in interdentrictic region at solidified state. The hardnesses of both AlMg4.5 and AlMg10 alloys increased after homogenization proportionally to the temperature. The resultant improved hardness of AlMg10 alloy after homogenization is higher than that of AlMg4.5 alloy and mainly contributed to additional solid-solution hardening by Mg solute dissolved from eutectic Mg2Al3 phase.
Developments and Applications of Diamond-Like Carbon
Authors: Shi Wei Liang , Wei Xiu Ting , Zhang Wei , Wang Zhi Gang , Dong Chuang He , Li Shuai
Published: April 2017

Carbonous material always promotes the development of human being’s civilization. The diamond-like carbon (DLC) is one of the new kinds of materials. In the past fifty years, DLC has reached the level of semi-industrialization. From the unintentional discovery of DLC to the booming study all over the world, and then to the wide use in various fields, DLC has become a symbol of the era. In order to study the relationship between the structure and properties of DLC, researchers have been working on its classification and puting forward its theoretical model. Preparation technologies of DLC have been improving continuously. Nowadays there are some popular technologies such as the unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology, the electron cyclotron resonance radio frequency technology, the femtosecond laser technology, and the meshed plasma immersion ion deposition technology. The application field of DLC has expanded from simple life products to the field of machinery precision cutting tools, precision molds, medical devices and implants, and the aerospace field. Although DLC has developed a lot in the area of industrial application, there are some problems about its connection between technological parameter and performance. In this paper, the development history, structure, preparation methods, development status and the research prospects of DLC coatings are introduced in detail.
Research on Multi-Agent and Storm-Hadoop Based on Cooperative Sensing Framework for Multiple Intelligent Manufacturing Agent
Authors: Wan Jin Chang , Cheng Tao
Published: April 2017

With the bottlenecks of traditional manufacturing technology becoming increasingly prominent, manufacturing industry need to adjust and upgrade the industrial structure, and intelligent manufacturing is the future development direction of manufacturing industry. According to the characteristics of complex, open system hierarchy structure and distributed multi agent of intelligent manufacturing, in order to solve the problem of information integration and collaborative processing of the organic elements of intelligent manufacturing collaborative perception process, it is necessary to give the autonomy of intelligent manufacturing entities to make it to form a fully functional agent, and these agents are connected to the communication network as a network node, so as to realize the data sharing and collaborative awareness processing function between the intelligent manufacturing body. Therefore, this article build the intelligent manufacturing system based the multi Agent and Storm-Hadoop distributed cluster framework through the research and analysis of distributed artificial intelligence and distributed cluster mechanism, and provides a collaborative framework based on multi Agent and Storm-Hadoop for information integration, data sharing, collaborative processing of collaboration awareness problem for multi manufacturing subjects of intelligent manufacturing. The simulation results shows that the cooperative sensing framework proposed in this paper can provide an effective information, data and knowledge processing mechanism and method for realizing multi subject intelligent manufacturing collaborative awareness.
Study on Task Optimization of Distributed Gas-Electric Hybrid Control System
Authors: Liu Jun Gang , Huang Guo Jun
Published: April 2017

Refer to the task allocating and optimization problem of distributed gas-electric hybrid control system, this paper establishes graph model of system hardware structure and application event of the distributed real-time control. The task allocation in distributed application process is abstract as mapping between those two sets. A task allocation scheme of minimum load bus is proposed from the angles of system bus and message mapping. Combined with the design of the gas-electric hybrid power system, genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the optimization problem, and the program verification and the bus analysis are carried out on the experimental bench. The test results show that the proposed scheme can satisfy all kinds of task constraints and resource constraints, the efficiency of the bus is improved, and consumption of resources is reduced.
Monitoring and Operation Analysis on Power Environment of Computer Room Based on Big Data
Authors: Cai Li Bo , Zhang Wei , Zhao Li Xin , Yang Xu Bin , Chen Long
Published: April 2017

Based on the requirement of the Reduce of power information network failures, the power environment monitoring system based on big data is designed and implemented. The system includes five application modules: acquisition and monitoring module, resource management module, analysis and decision module, alarm center module and configuration management module. An improvement of Apriori algorithm by the unique design array which is used for data analysis can enhance efficiency of the algorithm. The system based on Big Data technology, by the efficient analysis of power data, environmental data, main data and external Data, to achieve a comprehensive perception of monitoring and operation analysis on power environment of computer room based on big data, intelligent auxiliary user decisions. Through research and implementation of the project, we can realize real-time monitoring of the video and the environment of the substation, besides we can locate and prevent the various alarms (fire, flooding and theft, etc.) timely. Providing effective technical support for staff remote inspection and troubleshooting. The project can prevent accidents, combat crime, protect property, ensure that the system is stable, and make the substation security technology improving to a new level.
Properties of Concrete Containing Unground Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Sand Replacement
Authors: Wan Ahmad Saffuan , Muthusamy Khairunisa , Hashim Hanafi , Yaacob Maizatil Akma
Published: April 2017

The growing construction industry that demands for more natural sand supply has indirectly causes the escalation of river sand mining activity. Excessive sand mining affects the water quality and habitats of aquatic life. At the same time, the continuous dumping of palm oil fuel ash, a by-product of oil palm mill causes pollution to the environment. In order to preserve the natural sand and reduce amount of palm oil fuel ash disposed as waste, the present study investigates the potential use of palm oil fuel ash in concrete production. Thus, the effect of unground palm oil fuel ash as partial sand replacement towards workability and compressive strength of concrete is discussed in this paper. A total of six mixes were used in this experimental work. Plain concrete containing 100% river sand was used as reference specimen. The rest of the mixes were prepared by integrating unground palm oil fuel ash by 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by weight of sand. All specimens were prepared in form of cubes and subjected to water curing until the testing age. Slump test were conducted on the fresh mix to determine the concrete workability. Compressive strength test were conducted at 7, 14 and 28 days. The finding shows that addition of unground palm oil fuel ash up to 8% does not have significant effect on concrete workability. In terms of compressive strength, inclusion of 6% unground palm oil fuel ash increases the strength of concrete by approximately 13%.
Proposal of Eco-Efficiency Evaluation Method for Concrete Using Equivalent Durability on Carbonation
Authors: Kim Tae Hyoung , Chae Chang U
Published: April 2017

The importance of environmental consequences due to diverse substances that are emitted during the production of concrete is recognized, but environmental performance tends to be evaluated separately from the economic performance and durability performance of concrete. In order to evaluate concrete from the perspective of sustainable development, evaluation technologies are required for comprehensive assessment of environmental performance, economic performance, and durability performance based on a concept of sustainable development called the triple bottom line (TBL). Herein an assessment method for concrete eco-efficiency is developed as a technique to ensure the manufacture of highly durable and eco-friendly concrete, while minimizing both the load on the ecological environment and manufacturing costs. The assessment method is based on environmental impact, manufacturing costs, and the service life of concrete.
A Preliminary Study for Proposal of Low-Energy and Environmental Load-Reducing Building Technology through Analysis of Domestic and International Green Standard for Energy & Environmental Design
Authors: Kim Tae Hyoung , Chae Chang U , Kim Yu Jin , Jo Su Hyun , Kim Sang Hee
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study is to construct of database for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction technologies through the analysis of domestic and foreign green building certifications, as part of inventory study of greenhouse gas reduction technologies. For this purpose, analyzing G-SEED, LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE cert3ifications, derived the three categories associated with GHG reduction technologies and investigated the technologies related to standards of the three categories. As a result, commercially available GHG reduction domestic technologies database was constructed based on GHG reduction technology groups. After analyzing domestic and international environment-friendly building certifications (G-SEED, LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE), three categories (ecological environment, materials & resources, energy) associated with GHG reduction technology were derived. The certification standards by category and GHG reduction technologies were analyzed, and GHG reduction technology group was classified. Based on the list of the classified GHG reduction technologies, GHG reduction technologies commercialized in the Republic of Korea were kept as database.
Experimental Study on Wave Dissipation Coefficient for Semi-Submersible Permeable Tetrahedron
Authors: Dong Wen Jian , Shangguan Zi Chang , Wang Yu Long , Liu Da Nian
Published: April 2017

Semi-submersible permeable tetrahedron is a new wave consumption structure. The design concept of the model structure is that on the premise of ensuring the natural landscape are not destroyed. Structure completely infiltrate below sea level is called semi-submersible wave structure. In this paper, based on the physical model, the transmission coefficient of this wave consumption structure under regular wave were got, and the effect of the wave period, wave height, model height, rows’ number of layout and other factors on the attenuation characteristics of Semi-submersible permeable tetrahedron were investigated. The research results show that Semi-submersible permeable tetrahedron performs better wave dissipation on both long-period waves and short-period waves, which has wide prospect in application.
Cytotoxic T Cell Functions Accumulate When CD4 Is Downregulated by CD4+ T Cells in African Green Monkeys
Authors: Vinton Carol L. , Ortiz Alexandra M. , Calantone Nina , Mudd Joseph C. , Deleage Claire , Morcock David R. , Whitted Sonya , Estes Jacob D. , Hirsch Vanessa M. , Brenchley Jason M.
Published: April 2017

African green monkeys (AGMs) are a natural host of SIV that do not develop simian AIDS. Adult AGMs naturally have low numbers of CD4+ T cells and a large population of MHC class II–restricted CD8αα T cells that are generated through CD4 downregulation in CD4+ T cells. In this article, we study the functional profiles and SIV infection status in vivo of CD4+ T cells, CD8αα T cells, and CD8αβ T cells in lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of AGMs and rhesus macaques (in which CD4 downregulation is not observed). We show that, although CD8αα T cells in AGMs maintain functions associated with CD4+ T cells (including Th follicular functionality in lymphoid tissues and Th2 responses in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid), they also accumulate functions normally attributed to canonical CD8+ T cells. These hyperfunctional CD8αα T cells are found to circulate peripherally, as well as reside within the lymphoid tissue. Due to their unique combination of CD4 and CD8 T cell effector functions, these CD4− CD8αα T cells are likely able to serve as an immunophenotype capable of Th1, follicular Th, and CTL functionalities, yet they are unable to be infected by SIV. These data demonstrate the ambiguity of CD4/CD8 expression in dictating the functional capacities of T cells and suggest that accumulation of hyperfunctional CD8αα T cells in AGMs may lead to tissue-specific antiviral immune responses in lymphoid follicles that limit SIV replication in this particular anatomical niche.
Behavioral Economics and Obesity: An Analysis of Fitness-Based Tax Incentives
Authors: Wallace Nicholas
Published: April 2017

B oth federal and state governments have experimented with policy proposals aimed at decreasing obesity rates, mostly through the regulation of unhealthy foods. There has been little research, however, on the impact of fitness-based policy initiatives on obesity rates. To address these issues, this paper first outlines previous policies aimed at preventing obesity and provides justification in favor of government intervention. In particular, this paper argues that hyperbolic discounting, a specific type of time-inconsistent preference where individuals make decisions that favor instant gratification rather than long-term benefits, provides economic justification for government intervention to combat obesity. It then uses Canada as a case study to demonstrate the effect that fitness-based tax credits have on physical activity, obesity, and long-term healthcare costs, and highlights a current pending piece of legislation in the 114th US Congress that would bring a similar program to the United States. More research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of fitness tax incentives on increasing physical activity among currently sedentary individuals. Nonetheless, this paper concludes by suggesting that fitness-based tax incentives are more politically viable than food regulations.
Designing diagnostics in complexity: Measuring technical and contextual aspects in monitoring and evaluation systems
Authors: Blaser Mapitsa Caitlin , Korth Marcel T.
Published: April 2017

Background: This article emphasizes the importance of reflecting on the methods employed when designing diagnostic tools for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems. It sheds light on a broader debate about how we understand and assess M&E systems within their political and organisational contexts.Objectives: The article looks at what divergent purposes of M&E mean for how M&E systems are assessed, and how context-appropriate diagnostic studies can be designed.Method: The article draws on two different approaches: a survey that looks at the technical components of an M&E system and a complexity framework that analyses the way a system functions in a broader political and organisational context. The foundation is provided by survey and interview data from over 70 officials from across the City of Johannesburg’s administration.Results: The study revealed great diversity as to respondents’ understanding of what M&E structures and processes should do and achieve within the city, ranging from a management function closely linked to auditing and oversight responsibilities to a governance role that is more linked to learning and planning. Limitations in M&E capacity and/or performance were linked to contested political and bureaucratic structures.Conclusion: The mixed method approach to diagnostics proposed in this article contributes to the call in the ‘Made in Africa’ debate for more contextualised methods and tools around the practice and the assessment of M&E. The article proposes the development of a synthetic tool that covers both M&E technical components and capacity on one hand, and an analysis of how these are embedded in a political and organisational context on the other.
Factors influencing choice of site for rural clinical placements by final year medical students in a South African university
Authors: Mapukata Nontsikelelo O. , Dube Rainy , Couper Ian , Mlambo Motlatso G.
Published: April 2017

Background: Most of South Africa’s citizens who live in rural or underserved communities rely on the public health care sector to access quality health care. The value of rural exposure through clinical placements is well documented. Medical schools in South Africa have a responsibility to provide solutions that address the prevailing human resources challenges. Despite this commitment, medical students do not necessarily appreciate their role in resolving South Africa’s human resources challenges. This study aimed to assess the factors that influenced the choice of clinical learning sites in a self-selection process undertaken by Wits final year medical students for the compulsory 6-week integrated primary care block rotation.Methods: Qualitative data related to reasons for choice of service learning site were gathered from 524 pre-placement questionnaires completed by final year medical students entering the rotation over a 3-year period (2012–2014). Thematic analysis was performed using the MAXQDA software.Results: Eight themes emerged from the study indicating that the majority of participants were in favour of local urban underserved placement. Contextual factors, such as work commitments or family responsibilities, being compromised socially and losing academic standing were the main reasons for seeking urban placement. Good supervision, opportunistic learning, skills development and moral support were reasons for seeking rural placements. Previous voluntary exposure to rural practice or being of rural origin was a strong indicator for uptake of rural placement.Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the challenges faced by coordinators in balancing personal and institutional needs with country needs and the contextual factors that must be considered when implementing medical education programmes that respond to social challenges.
Lingual Foramina and Canals of the Mandible: Anatomic Variations in a Lebanese Population
Authors: Aoun Georges , Nasseh Ibrahim , Sokhn Sayde , Rifai Mohamad
Published: April 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mandibular lingual foramina (LF) and canals and their anatomic variations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology in a Lebanese population.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, we analyzed CBCT images of 90 adult Lebanese patients (41 males and 49 females). We assessed the number and location of the LF. In additional, we measured: (a) The distance from both the alveolar crest and the inferior border of the mandible to the LF and (b) the length of the lingual canals (LCs). The data obtained was analyzed statistically using Shapiro–Wilk normality test, t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results:

In our sample, the LF and canals were present in 93.33% of the CBCT analyzed, and the majority (76.64%) was located above the genial tubercles. The distance from the foramen of the superior and the inferior LCs to the alveolar crest was 16.24 ± 2.82 mm and 25.49 ± 2.43 mm, respectively. The distance from the foramen of the superior canal to the inferior border of the mandible was 14 ± 2.32 mm. The mean length of the superior canal was 5.81 ± 1.6 mm and 4.25 ± 1.2 mm for the inferior one. There were no gender-related differences in the anatomic characteristics of the LF and canals except for the distance measured from the superior canal foramina to the alveolar crest where the measurement was significantly greater in males compared to females. Neither the number of canals nor the positions of the foramina were different between males and females.

Conclusion:

Within the limits of this study, we concluded that in our sample of Lebanese adults, there was substantial variability in the LF and canals anatomy and location.
Remarks on Hopf Images and Quantum Permutation Groups
Authors: Józiak Paweł
Published: April 2017

Motivated by a question of A. Skalski and P. M. Sołtan (2016) about inner faithfulness of S. Curran’s map of extending a quantum increasing sequence to a quantum permutation, we revisit the results and techniques of T. Banica and J. Bichon (2009) and study some group-theoretic properties of the quantum permutation group on points. This enables us not only to answer the aforementioned question in the positive for the case where n = 4, k = z, but also to classify the automorphisms of , describe all the embeddings O−1(2) ⊂ and show that all the copies of O−1(2) ⊂ are conjugate. We then use these results to show that the converse to the criterion we applied to answer the aforementioned question is not valid.
A semi-algebraic version of Zarankiewicz's problem
Authors: Fox Jacob , Pach János , Sheffer Adam , Suk Andrew , Zahl Joshua
Published: April 2017

A bipartite graph

G

is
semi-algebraic in

\mathbb{R}^d

if its vertices are represented by point sets

P,Q \subset \mathbb{R}^d

and its edges are defined as pairs of points

(p,q) \in P \times Q

that satisfy a Boolean combination of a fixed number of polynomial equations and inequalities in

2d

coordinates. We show that for fixed

k

, the maximum number of edges in a

K_{k,k}

-free semi-algebraic bipartite graph

G = (P,Q,E)

in

\mathbb{R}^2

with

|P| = m

and

|Q| = n

is at most

O((mn)^{2/3} + m + n)

, and this bound is tight. In dimensions

d \geq 3

, we show that all such semi-algebraic graphs have at most

C\left((mn)^{ \frac{d}{d+1} + \epsilon} + m + n\right)

edges, where here

\epsilon

is an arbitrarily small constant and

C = C(d,k,t,\epsilon)

. This result is a far-reaching generalization of the classical Szemerédi-Trotter incidence theorem. The proof combines tools from several fields: VC-dimension and shatter functions, polynomial partitioning, and Hilbert polynomials.

We also present various applications of our theorem. For example, a general point-variety incidence bound in

\mathbb R^d

, an improved bound for a

d

-dimensional variant of the Erdös unit distances problem, and more.
Turbulent transport of energy across a forest and a semi-arid shrubland
Authors: Banerjee Tirtha , Brugger Peter , De Roo Frederik , Kröniger Konstantin , Yakir Dan , Rotenberg Eyal , Mauder Matthias
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The role of secondary circulations has recently been studied in the context of well defined surface heterogeneity in a semi-arid ecosystem where it was found that energy balance closure over a desert-forest system and the structure of the boundary layer was impacted by advection and flux divergence. As a part of the CliFF (Climate Feedbacks and benefits of semi-arid forests, a collaboration between KIT, Germany and the Weizmann Institute, Israel) campaign, we studied the boundary layer dynamics and turbulent transport of energy corresponding to this effect in the Yatir forest situated in the Negev desert in Israel. The forest surrounded by small shrubs presents a distinct feature of surface heterogeneity, allowing us to study the differences between their interactions with the atmosphere above by conducting measurements with two EC stations and two Doppler LiDARs. As expected, the turbulence intensity and vertical fluxes of momentum and sensible heat are found to be higher above the forest compared to the shrubland. Turbulent statistics indicative of nonlocal motions are also found to differ over the forest and shrubland and also display a strong diurnal cycle. The production of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) over the forest is strongly mechanical, while buoyancy effects generate most of the TKE over the shrubland. Overall TKE production is much higher above the forest compared to the shrubland. The forest is also found to be more efficient in dissipating TKE. The TKE budget appears to be balanced on average both for the forest and shrubland, although the imbalance of the TKE budget, which contains the role of TKE transport, is found to be quite different in terms of their variation with atmospheric stability and diurnal cycles for the forest and shrubland. The effect of very large mesoscale motions is also directly quantified following a recent formulation by Banerjee and Katul, 2013, using the measured longitudinal velocity variances and boundary layer heights. The difference of turbulent quantities and the relationships between the components of TKE budget are used to infer the characteristics of turbulent transport of energy between the desert and the forest.
High-resolution urban observation network for user-specific meteorological information service in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea
Authors: Park Moon-Soo , Park Sung-Hwa , Chae Jung-Hoon , Choi Min-Hyeok , Song Yunyoung , Kang Minsoo , Roh Joon-Woo
Published: April 2017

Abstract. To improve our knowledge of urban meteorology, including those processes applicable to high-resolution meteorological models in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) Urban Meteorological Observation System (UMS-Seoul) has been designed and installed. The UMS-Seoul incorporates 14 surface energy balance (EB) systems, 7 surface-based three-dimensional (3-D) meteorological observation systems and applied meteorological (AP) observation systems, and the existing surface-based meteorological observation network. The EB system consists of a radiation balance system, sonic anemometers, infrared CO2/H2O gas analyzers, and many sensors measuring the wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, precipitation, and air pressure. The EB-produced radiation, meteorological, and turbulence data will be used to quantify the surface EB according to land use and to improve the boundary-layer and surface processes in meteorological models. The 3-D system, composed of a wind lidar, microwave radiometer, aerosol lidar, or ceilometer, produces the cloud height, vertical profiles of backscatter by aerosols, wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, and liquid water content. It will be used for high-resolution reanalysis data based on observations and for the improvement of the boundary-layer, radiation, and microphysics processes in meteorological models. The AP system includes road weather information, mosquito activity, water quality, and agrometeorological observation instruments. The standardized metadata for networks and stations are documented and renewed periodically to provide a detailed observation environment. The UMS-Seoul data are designed to support real-time acquisition and display and automatically quality check within 10 min from observation. After the quality check, data can be distributed to relevant potential users such as researchers and policy makers. Finally, two case studies demonstrate that the observed data have a great potential to help to understand the boundary-layer structures more deeply, improve the performance of high-resolution meteorological models, and provide useful information customized based on the user demands in the SMA.
The novel HALO mini-DOAS instrument: Inferring trace gas concentrations from air-borne UV/visible limb spectroscopy under all skies using the scaling method
Authors: Hüneke Tilman , Aderhold Oliver-Alex , Bounin Jannik , Dorf Marcel , Gentry Eric , Grossmann Katja , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Hoor Peter , Jöckel Patrick , Kenntner Mareike , Knapp Marvin , Knecht Matthias , Lörks Dominique , Ludmann Sabrina , Raecke Rasmus , Reichert Marcel , Weimar Jannis , Werner Bodo , Zahn Andreas , Ziereis Helmut , Pfeilsticker Klaus
Published: April 2017

Abstract. We report on a novel 6 channel optical spectrometer (further on called mini-DOAS instrument) for aircraftborne nadir and limb measurements of atmospheric trace gases, liquid and solid water, and spectral radiances in the UV/vis and nearIR spectral ranges. The spectrometer was developed for measurements from aboard the HALO (http://www.halo.dlr.de/) research aircraft during dedicated research missions. Here we report on the relevant instrumental details and the novel scaling method used to infer the mixing ratios of UV/vis absorbing trace gases from their absorption measured in limb geometry. The uncertainties of the scaling method are assessed for NO2 and BrO measurements. Some first results are reported along with complementary measurements and comparisons with model predictions for a selected HALO research flight from Cape Town to Antarctica, which was performed during the research mission ESMVal on 13 September 2012.
Upwelling and isolation in oxygen-depleted anticyclonic modewater eddies and implications for nitrate cycling
Authors: Karstensen Johannes , Schütte Florian , Pietri Alice , Krahmann Gerd , Fiedler Björn , Grundle Damian , Hauss Helena , Körtzinger Arne , Löscher Carolin R. , Testor Pierre , Vieira Nuno , Visbeck Martin
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The temporal evolution of the physical and biogeochemical structure of an oxygen-depleted anticyclonic modewater eddy is investigated over a 2-month period using high-resolution glider and ship data. A weakly stratified eddy core (squared buoyancy frequency N2  ∼  0.1  ×  10−4 s−2) at shallow depth is identified with a horizontal extent of about 70 km and bounded by maxima in N2. The upper N2 maximum (3–5  ×  10−4 s−2) coincides with the mixed layer base and the lower N2 maximum (0.4  ×  10−4 s−2) is found at about 200 m depth in the eddy centre. The eddy core shows a constant slope in temperature/salinity (T∕S) characteristic over the 2 months, but an erosion of the core progressively narrows down the T∕S range. The eddy minimal oxygen concentrations decreased by about 5 µmol kg−1 in 2 months, confirming earlier estimates of oxygen consumption rates in these eddies. Separating the mesoscale and perturbation flow components reveals oscillating velocity finestructure ( ∼  0.1 m s−1) underneath the eddy and at its flanks. The velocity finestructure is organized in layers that align with layers in properties (salinity, temperature) but mostly cross through surfaces of constant density. The largest magnitude in velocity finestructure is seen between the surface and 140 m just outside the maximum mesoscale flow but also in a layer underneath the eddy centre, between 250 and 450 m. For both regions a cyclonic rotation of the velocity finestructure with depth suggests the vertical propagation of near-inertial wave (NIW) energy. Modification of the planetary vorticity by anticyclonic (eddy core) and cyclonic (eddy periphery) relative vorticity is most likely impacting the NIW energy propagation. Below the low oxygen core salt-finger type double diffusive layers are found that align with the velocity finestructure. Apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) versus dissolved inorganic nitrate (NO3−) ratios are about twice as high (16) in the eddy core compared to surrounding waters (8.1). A large NO3− deficit of 4 to 6 µmol kg−1 is determined, rendering denitrification an unlikely explanation. Here it is hypothesized that the differences in local recycling of nitrogen and oxygen, as a result of the eddy dynamics, cause the shift in the AOU : NO3− ratio. High NO3− and low oxygen waters are eroded by mixing from the eddy core and entrain into the mixed layer. The nitrogen is reintroduced into the core by gravitational settling of particulate matter out of the euphotic zone. The low oxygen water equilibrates in the mixed layer by air–sea gas exchange and does not participate in the gravitational sinking. Finally we propose a mesoscale–submesoscale interaction concept where wind energy, mediated via NIWs, drives nutrient supply to the euphotic zone and drives extraordinary blooms in anticyclonic mode-water eddies.