bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La reparación integral a las víctimas del conflicto armado en el sur del departamento del Huila en el marco de la Ley de Víctimas
Authors: Vargas Molano Leiber Leonardo
Published: February 2019

Luego de siete años de vigencia de la Ley de Víctimas, es oportuno observar sus resultados a fin de establecer si esta ley, más que un ideal jurídico, ha sido un mecanismo efectivo para reparar integralmente a las víctimas del conflicto armado en los municipios del sur del departamento del Huila. La subregión sur del Huila históricamente ha sido fuertemente golpeada por la violencia generada como consecuencia del conflicto. Según cifras del Registro Único de Víctimas (RUV), en los municipios de la subregión sur del Huila existen 64 542 víctimas, las cuales equivalen aproximadamente al 21 % de la población estimada por el DANE para 2018. Sin embargo, a juzgar por las cifras que ofrece la Unidad para las Víctimas, los resultados en la aplicación de las medidas de reparación integral en esta zona del país son minúsculos. Por una parte, solo el 10 % —aproximadamente— del total de las víctimas han sido beneficiadas con las medidas previstas en la ley, y por otra parte, aunque un número relativamente menor de víctimas del conflicto ha sido beneficiado con parte de tales medidas, estas, al ser otorgadas de manera aislada y enfocadas al aspecto monetario, se encuentran lejos de proporcionar una verdadera reparación integral transformadora, como lo supone un mecanismo de justicia transicional como la Ley 1448 de 2011.
importancia de la educación liberal en la enseñanza del derecho
Authors: Ávila Roncancio Didier Andrés
Published: February 2019

A causa de los diferentes hechos en los que se han visto involucrados los profesionales en derecho y, aún más, aquellos que ejercen una función pública, como lo es la administración de justicia, el país se ha cuestionado respecto de quiénes son los responsables de la falta de eticidad con la cual los abogados rigen su actuar profesional. Para un sector, la cuestión se centra en la educación recibida por los abogados en las aulas de clase universitarias; para otros, es una cuestión un poco más compleja que entraña principios y valores que se extienden a la familia, a los centros de educación primaria y secundaria y a la sociedad como un todo en el que el individuo percibe prácticas de su entorno y, con el tiempo, las aprehende y se hace parte de ellas.
FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DO PROFESSOR TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL MÉDIO E A RACIONALIDADE COMUNICATIVA
Authors: Pastor Marta da Silva Barreto , Anecleto Úrsula Cunha
Published: February 2019

A pesquisa discute sobre processo de formação continuada para o professor técnico, em um dos Centros Estaduais de Educação Profissional, no Território de Identidade do Sisal-Bahia, e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento da profissionalidade desse professor, a partir de um caráter interativo e reflexivo de concepções pedagógicas. Objetiva investigar se esses processos formativos colaboram para a superação da racionalidade instrumental (busca alcançar determinada meta sem perspectiva de entendimento comunicativo) do docente com vista à racionalidade comunicativa (voltada para o entendimento dos sujeitos que interagem de maneira comunicativa e pretendem entender-se sobre o fazer docente), de forma crítico-reflexiva. Entende-se que o agir do professor técnico, a partir apenas de uma racionalidade instrumental, não possibilita o desenvolvimento de profissionais capazes de analisar sua prática de forma reflexiva. Assim, torna-se imprescindível a compreensão desse professor de se agir pela racionalidade comunicativa para refletir sobre sua profissionalidade docente. No processo metodológico, utiliza-se da hermenêutica habermasiana como veio epistemológico, sendo uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com pressupostos da pesquisa colaborativa, que se desenvolverá a partir de grupos de discussão para dialogar e refletir coletivamente com o professor sobre seu fazer docente. Teoricamente, este estudo baseia-se na concepção da Educação Profissional (FRIGOTTO, 2010; PETEROSSI, 1994); Formação continuada (SCHÖN, 2000); Racionalidade comunicativa (HABERMAS, 2012). Espera-se, com esta investigação, oportunizar que professores interajam, comunicativamente, sobre práticas pedagógicas e profissionalidade docente na Educação Profissional e, assim, através de uma relação dialógica e emancipatória, reestruturem suas ações docentes cotidianas, a partir de uma formação continuada pautada na racionalidade comunicativa.
O OLHAR DO DISCENTE DE GRADUAÇÃO SOBRE A VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA
Authors: Negreiros Dayara Araújo , Andrade Aldair Oliveira de
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender os diversos tipos de violência doméstica a partir do olhar dos estudantes da Universidade Federal do Amazonas/UFAM campus Parintins-ICSEZ, para alcançar o objetivo proposto fez-se necessário estabelecer relações com os fundamentos da violência doméstica através de discussões sobre a temática. Sua composição foi feita a partir de revisão teórica, através de livros, artigos e dissertações e pesquisa de campo, os quais possibilitaram compreender melhor o universo da violência doméstica contra a mulher. A pesquisa se pautou por uma abordagem qualitativa, a qual permitiu descrever a heterogeneidade do determinado problema, bem como entender as percepções dos entrevistados sobre o assunto tratado, identificando os diversos tipos de violência doméstica em famílias do ICSEZ. Pôde-se perceber que a violência física é caracterizada como frequente, não sendo percebidas as outras configurações da violência doméstica. A maioria dos universitários entrevistados têm uma percepção do fenômeno apenas em sua configuração física, descartando suas outras facetas, como também ouviram discussões sobre a Lei Maria da Penha, porém não conhecem as especificidades desta. Sobretudo verificou-se que a problemática em questão é vista como um fenômeno natural presente no âmago de uma sociedade capitalista, racista e patriarcal. Em suma, a violência doméstica contra a mulher merece um olhar diferenciado por conta dos índices alarmantes, dessa forma, os debates sobre a temática nos espaços sociais, especificamente na esfera universitária seriam meios para o combate à violência doméstica contra a mulher.
La Suprema Corte de Justicia en Uruguay: entre instituciones formales e informales (1985-2018)
Authors: Antía Florencia , Vairo Daniela
Published: February 2019

En las últimas décadas, la Suprema Corte de Justicia (SCJ) de Uruguay ha estado en el centro de la escena política a partir del au­mento de sentencias que declararon inconsti­tucionales un conjunto leyes importantes. Para comenzar a comprender el papel de este actor en el sistema político uruguayo, el artículo analiza los alcances del poder formal de la SCJ, así como sus instituciones informales y la re­lación entre ambos. Los principales resultados indican que la SCJ tiene un diseño institucional que le confiere una autonomía media, pero una autoridad baja para intervenir de forma decisiva sobre disputas políticas significativas. Dicha configuración es muy estable en com­paración con las experiencias de los países de la región. Además, las instituciones informales que guían la designación de los miembros de la Corte refuerzan los niveles de autonomía, pero el entendimiento que los jueces tradicional­mente han tenido sobre su papel en el sistema político potencia sus limitaciones en el plano de la autoridad. No obstante, se identifican algunos indicios de cambios en la concepción del rol profesional de los jueces, que podrían estar ambientando un mayor protagonismo de la Corte en el escenario político.
Agenda 2030 de desarrollo sostenible: comunidad epistémica de los límites planetarios y cambio climático
Authors: Gómez-Lee Martha Isabel
Published: February 2019

El artículo inicia una discusión sobre el aporte efectuado por las comunidades episté­micas a la toma de decisiones de los políticos, en la coyuntura crítica de las discusiones en torno a la gobernanza climática mundial. Se focaliza en el abordaje de la negociación de la Agenda 2030 de desarrollo sostenible, en la que un puñado de insumos fueron asistidos por expertos, reconocidos internacionalmen­te y liderados por Johan Rockström, que contribuyeron a la institucionalización de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) más ambiciosos de todos los tiempos. Se sostiene que estos científicos formaron la comunidad epistémica de los límites planetarios (CELP), de la que habrían podido aprender los políticos, al adoptar valores ambientales, un compromiso planetario para encontrar un espacio seguro para la humanidad y una devoción por seguir una trayectoria de desarrollo sostenible. Se evidencia que las comunidades epistémicas contribuyen a trasponer el conocimiento en política, pero el cambio de paradigma depende de los políticos.
Can Iodine-restricted Diets Normalise Serum Total Thyroxine (TT4) and Subsequently Improve Clinical Signs in Cats With Hyperthyroidism?
Authors: Gilman Oliver
Published: February 2019

PICO question

In cats with hyperthyroidism, does an iodine-restricted diet normalise the serum TT4 (total thyroxine) levels and reduce the severity of the clinical signs when compared to cats on a normal diet?
Clinical bottom line

Whilst there is some evidence that iodine-restricted diets can help to renormalise serum TT4 in cats with hyperthyroidism, this is not always effective and there is a lack of compelling evidence to suggest this is associated with a resolution of clinical signs in the long-term.

  
The Analysis of Osteoblast Cell Number on Femur Fractures Provided Red Spinach Extract (Amaranthus tricolor L.)
Authors: Nugroho Ferdian , Prasetyo Aris , Hasan Muhammad
Published: February 2019

Bone fracture is a musculoskeletal injury with a high incidence rate. The healing process of the fracture can be inhibited by oxidative stress, which occurs due to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that exceeds the antioxidant capacity in the body that neutralizes it. Antioxidants that have red spinach have the potential to suppress the level of oxidative stress. This study aims to determine the effect of red spinach ethanol extract on the healing process of fracture in male Wistar rats through osteoblast cell count. A sample of 30 male Wistar rats was divided into five groups; negative control group, positive control group, and three groups of red spinach ethanol treatment with doses of 35.4 mg / 150 g body weight (BW), 70.8 mg / 150 gBW, and 141.6 mg / 150gBW induced fracture, splinted, then treated for one week. One Way Anova test results showed a significance of 0.000 (p <0.05) in which there was a significant difference in the osteoblast level between the treatment group and the control group. The result of LSD test between P1 group and P3 group showed significantly different result where the increase of osteoblast cell number was in line with the increase of the dose of red spinach ethanol extract. The conclusion is that red spinach ethanol extract has a positive impact during the fracture healing process with osteoblast cell number parameters.

Keywords: Red spinach ethanolic extract, fracture healing process, osteoblast, oxidative stress
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test on Staphylococcus Aureus Detected in Sputum of Patients with Pneumonia Treated in Hospitals
Authors: Agustina Dini , Mufida Diana Chusna , A.S. Hanifa Rizki , Dharmawan Dion Krismashogi
Published: February 2019

Pneumonia is a respiratory tract infection that attacks the pulmonary parenchyma. This disease can be caused by bacteria, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics have an important role to play in reducing the morbidity and mortality incidence of pneumonia, but currently, the incidence of resistance antibiotics is increased. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of antibiotics Staphylococcus aureus in pneumatic sputum patients. The design of this study was observational descriptive, using sputum samples from pneumonia patients in Subandi and Paru Jember hospitals in November to December 2018. The identification of bacteria in sputum was continued by testing the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. The antibiotics used in this study were chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikacin, levofloxacin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin — data obtained in the frequency distribution table. Of the ten sputum that was successfully cultured, four Gram-negative bacilli bacteria and six Gram-positive coccus bacteria were obtained. The results approved the six Gram-positive coccus bacteria, detected as Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to ampicillin-sulbactam was high.

Keywords: antibiotic sensitivity, bacteria, pneumonia
A Routine Thermal Response Test (TRT) for Estimating Soil Thermal Properties in Connection with Geotechnical Analysis
Authors: Franco Alessandro
Published: February 2019

The performance of ground heat exchangers systems depends on the knowledge of the thermal parameters of the ground like thermal conductivity, thermal capacity and diffusivity. The knowledge of these parameters often requires quite accurate experimental analysis, known under the name of Thermal Response Test (TRT). In this paper, after a general analysis of the various available types of TRT and the study of the theoretical basics of the method, the perspective of the definition of a simplified routine method of analysis based on the combination of a particular version of TRT and the routine geotechnical tests for the characterization of soil stratigraphy and of the ground characteristics, mandatory before the construction of a new buildings, even if limited to quite short drilling depth (lower than 30 m). The idea of developing TRT in connection with geotechnical test activity has the objective of promoting a widespread use of in-situ experimental analysis and of reducing TRT costs and time duration of the experimental analysis. The considerations exposed in the present paper lead to reconsider a particular variety of the TRT in particular the version known as Thermal Response Test while Drilling (TRTWD).
Heat Transfer Enhancement with Acoustic Fields: An Exposition of the Main Involved Physical Phenomena
Authors: Franco Alessandro , Bartoli Carlo
Published: February 2019

The aim of this paper is to expose the main involved physical phenomena underlying the alteration of convective heat transfer in a heat exchanger subjected to imposed vibrations. This technique seems to have interesting features and industrial applications, such as efficiency increase, heat transfer rate control and cleanliness action. However, a clear description and comprehension of how vibrations may alter the convective heat transfer coefficient in a heat exchanger is no still reached due to the complexity of the involved physical mechanisms. For this reason, after a presentation and a schematisation of the analyzed thermodynamic system, the fundamental alterations of the thermo-fluid dynamics fields are described. Then, the main involved physical phenomena are exposed for the three cases of gaseous, monophasic liquid and boiling liquid mediums. Finally, on the basis of the characteristics of these described phenomena, some considerations and indications of general validity are presented.
Multiple Transitions in Half-Ring Chains with Varying Linewidth
Authors: Wu Cheng-Yi , Yen Shiow-Kang
Published: February 2019

Six Half-ring with varying linewidth from 120nm to 370nm were connected in series on five corners. The magnetization reversal processes were investigated by the measurement of anisotropic magnetoresistances (AMR). The number of switching jumps in the AMR loops, from zero to five, varied with the longitudinal applied field. These discrete jumps result from domain wall nucleating and depinning on the corners. The larger external field applied the fewer number of jumps in the MR curve. This reproducible and particular-respondence of domain wall device in pattern of half-ring wire might be the new promising magnetoelectronic devices.
Tindak Pidana Credit/Debit Card Fraud dan Penerapan Sanksi Pidananya dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia
Authors: Kian Antonius Maria Laot
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan hukum dan penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap tindak pidana credit/debit card fraud di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dengan mengelompokan ketentuan-ketentuan yang relevan dengan tindak pidana credit/debit card fraud yaitu berdasarkan Undang- Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik; selain itu digunakan pula Convention on Cybecrime 2001. Analisis bahan hukum dilakukan melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach) untuk menciptakan suatu ius constituendum mengenai penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap kejahatan credit/debit card fraud. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengaturan dan sanksi pidana terhadap tindak pidana credit/debit card fraud di Indonesia masih tergolong minim. Pertama, belum dikomodasinya ketentuan yang secara langsung mengatur mengenai computer related fraud. Kedua, belum diaturnya sanksi pidana berbentuk tindakan yang bersifat restitutif bagi pelakunya.
Penguatan Kelembagaan MPR dalam Sistem Ketatanegaran Negara Republik Indonesia
Authors: Asmara Galang
Published: February 2019

Perubahan UUD 1945 yang dilakukan dalam sidang-sidang MPR 1999-2000 telah merombak sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia, termasuk menyangkut kedudukan dan fungsi lembaga-lembaga negara. MPR sebagai salah satu lembaga negara yang walau masih dipertahankan sampai saat ini, namun termasuk yang mengalami banyak perubahan. Di antara perubahan tersebut adalah terkait dengan kedudukannya yang tidak lagi sebagai lembaga tertinggi negara, tidak lagi berwenang memilih Presiden dan Wakil Presiden yang biasa dilakukan setiap 5 tahun sekali. MPR juga tidak lagi diberi kekuasaan untuk menetapkan GBHN, dan lain-lain. Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang upaya penguatan MPR tersebut sebagai lembaga negara dalam sistem ketatanegaraan RI. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis isu tesebut adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute aproach) dan pendekatan konsep (conceptual aproach). Dari pengkajian disimpulkan bahwa upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperkuat kelembagaan MPR dalam Sistem Ketatanegara Republik Indonesia antara lain adalah: (1) Merekonstruksi (meluruskan) pemahaman (persepsi) tentang kedudukan MPR dalam sistem ketatanegaraan RI; (2) MPR hendaknya berhak untuk meminta dan menilai kinerja lembaga-lembaga negara; (3) MPR juga hendaknya diberi kewenangan untuk menilai produk hukum yang dikeluarkan oleh lembaga-lembaga yang melaksanakan UUD apakah sesuai dengan kemauan UUD; (4) MPR hendaknya diberikan kewenangan untuk membuat GBHN.
Strengthening Pela-Gandong Alliance Based on John Rawls’ Theory of Justice
Authors: Titahelu Juanrico A.S. , Irwansyah Irwansyah , Awaludin Hamid , Ashri Muhammad
Published: February 2019

Pela-Gandong could be seen as an alliance among two or more villages in Central Maluku territory. Pela-Gandong, besides as brotherhood and friendship among them,this alliance also shared common purpose of cooperation and collective security. Conflict in the beginning of 1999 draws up public attention to the effectiveness of the principles which contains in pela-gandong alliance. Important question come forward because of the plurality condition among current Indonesian society. Should pela-gandong principles nowadays, still playing role to develope social, economy and cultural life of Maluku traditional society? The purpose of this writings is to find out the weaknesses of pela-gandong alliance(s). Based on this, it should offers some suggestion how to strengthening the principles of pela-gandong alliance into the state and the social life in Indonesia.
Transformative Consciousness for Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Skills Development
Authors: Tuazon Jennifer L. , Gomez Grace E.
Published: February 2019

This paper is a slice of a big project exploring the transformative consciousness among college students. Drawn from Wolinsky’s (1993) notion and exemplars of quantum consciousness exercises, researchers of this study developed and validated eight modules named as the transformative consciousness exercises and established their effects on the intrapersonal and interpersonal relationship skills among college students. Using an experimental research methodology, particularly the randomized pretest- and posttest-control-group design (Fraenkel, Wallen, & Hyun, 2012), the researcher-made Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Relationship Skills Scale (IIRSS) was administered to the randomly selected 23 students in the experimental group and 21 students in the comparison group. No significant differences were found between the two groups prior to the intervention. For eight weeks, at a one-and-a-half-hour session per meeting, the experimental group underwent the transformative consciousness program while the control group underwent the self-awareness program. Results showed that there were significant differences found between the experimental and control group. Furthermore, the intrapersonal and interpersonal skills of students in the experimental group were higher than those who were in the comparison group; and such difference was significant. Thus, it could be construed that transformative consciousness exercises may have been instrumental in increasing the participants’ intrapersonal and interpersonal relationship skills. The use of these modules, for intervention and further research, is hereby recommended for those interested in transformative consciousness studies.
Intra-operative red blood cell transfusion and mortality after cardiac surgery
Authors: Vlot Eline A , Verwijmeren Lisa , de Garde Ewoudt M.W. Van , Kloppenburg Geoffrey T.L. , Dongen Eric P.A. Van , Noordzij Peter G.
Published: February 2019

Background

Anemia in cardiac surgery patients has been associated with poor outcomes. Transfusion of red blood cells during surgery is common practice for perioperative anemia, but may come with risks. Little is known about the association between intra-operative transfusion and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods

Single centre historical cohort study in 2933 adult patients undergoing coronary surgery with or without aortic valve replacement from June 2011 until September 2014. To estimate the odds ratio for mortality in patients receiving intra-operative transfusion, a propensity score based logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

Intra-operative transfusion was associated with a more than three-fold increased risk of 30-day mortality. Patients in the highest quartile of probability of transfusion were older (age 75 vs 66; P<0.001), had a higher EuroSCORE (6 vs 3; P<0.001), had lower preoperative hemoglobin levels (7.6 vs 8.9 mmol/l; P<0.001), had combined surgery more often (CABG + AVR in 33.4% of cases vs 6.6% (P<0.001) and a longer duration of surgery (224 vs 188 minutes; P<0.001). The association between intra-operative transfusion and mortality persisted after adjustment for these risk factors (adjusted OR 2.6; P=0.007).

Conclusions

Intra-operative transfusion of red blood cells was found to be associated with increased mortality in adults undergoing coronary surgery. Preoperative patient optimization may improve perioperative outcomes by reducing the likelihood of requiring transfusion and thus its associated risk.
Development of Exposure to English Scale and Investigation of Exposure Effect to Achievement
Authors: GÖKCAN Mustafa , ÇOBANOĞLU AKTAN Derya
Published: February 2019

An absence of a scale for measuring exposure to the English language, which has a significant effect on English achievement, was detected in the literature. For this reason, in this study, a six-dimensional scale was developed to detect the level of English language exposure and its construct validity was tested. The factor structure of the scale was determined by exploratory factor analysis with the data collected from 784 university students, 726 of whom are undergraduate and 58 of whom are Master’s and Ph.D. students. Confirmation of the factor structure of the scale was carried out with a measurement model specified in a structural equation model. A structural equation modeling study was performed along with 233 students from English preparation classes at a university. In the structural model, the effect of exposure to English on the students’ scores received from writing in English, speaking in English and the total score (grammar, vocabulary, reading and listening scores) was examined. It was found that exposure to English has a significant effect on all of the three variables. Exposure to English explained the variance of the speaking variable most, while that effect is the least for the writing variable.
Suitability Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose by Physicochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index from Haveli Region, India
Authors: Lad Smitarani , Mukherjee Swati , Umrikar Bhavana
Published: February 2019

The emulsification of major constituents in groundwater is accentuated to highlight the impact that is anticipated to be the prime concern due to depleting quality of this resource used for drinking purpose. In view of this, 53 groundwater samples of dug wells taping basaltic water table aquifer located in Haveli taluka adjoining Pune city of Maharashtra, India were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions to evaluate the suitability using water quality index (WQI). The parameters such as pH, Total Hardness (TH), Sodium (Na) and Sulphate (SO4) were assigned with weight 5 and the weight 1 considered as lowest level was assigned to Calcium (Ca++), Magnesium (Mg++), Potassium (K+), Carbonate (CO3--), Bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Phosphate (PO4) and observations were made to know the groundwater quality of the study area. Using these values, the WQI was calculated that revealed according to BIS standards 57% of samples falls in good category, and 43% samples in poor category, while according to WHO standards 38%, 57%, 6% were representing excellent, good and poor category, respectively.
Mikroenkapsüle Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii Kullanılarak Üretilen Kefirin Bazı Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KALKAN Selin
Published: February 2019

Probiyotikler,
gastroinstestinal sistemi düzenleyen, bağışıklık sistemini uyaran ve konakçı sağlığına faydalı canlı
mikroorganizma desteği
olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Saccharomyces
cerevisiae var. boulardii patenti alınmış tek probiyotik mayadır. Bu
çalışmada S. boulardii ekstrüzyon
yöntemi ile mikroenkapsüle edilerek üretilen probiyotik kefirlerin kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik
kalite parametrelerinin belirlenmesi ve dolayısıyla S. boulardii’nin fonksiyonel özellikte, probiyotik fermente süt
ürünlerinin üretiminde kullanılma potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu
doğrultuda, üretilen probiyotik ürünlerin 28 gün boyunca 4 oC’de
depolaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Depolamanın 1, 7, 14, 21 ve 28. günlerinde,
üretilen kefirlerin pH, titrasyon asitliği (% L.A.), kül, toplam kuru madde, protein
ve yağ oranları gibi kimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca örneklerin
toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri sayımı, toplam maya-küf, toplam koliform,
laktik asit bakteri sayısı, toplam mezofilik starter kültür sayısı (Lactococcus spp.) ile ürünlerde S. boulardii’nin canlılık düzeyi tespit
edilmiştir. Tüm analizler 3 tekkerrürlü olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Alkol Tedavisinde Kullanılan Disülfiram’ın Nanotaşıyıcısı Olarak Sistein-Altın Nanopartiküllerin Sentezi
Authors: BAYRAKÇEKEN NİŞANCI Fatma
Published: February 2019

Disülfiram (DS), alkol caydırıcı
olarak kullanılan bir karbamat türevidir. Tek başına uygulandığında nispeten
toksik olmayan bir maddedir, ancak alkol ile birlikte metabolizmayı belirgin
bir şekilde değiştirmektedir. Disülfiram, aldehit
dehidrojenazını inhibe ederek etki etmektedir. Disülfiram uygulandıktan sonra
alkol alınırsa, kanda asetaldehit konsantrasyonu artar, ardından sistemik
vazodilatasyon, solunum güçlüğü, bulantı, hipotansiyon ve diğer semptomlar
(asetaldehit sendromu) izlenir. Disülfiramın daha hızlı bir şekilde etki
göstermesi altın nanopartiküller (Au NP) gibi nanotaşıyıcılarla mümkün
olmaktadır. Altın nanopartiküller, kuantum noktalarla karşılaştırıldığında daha
yüksek potansiyelli toksik olmayan biyomarkerlardır ve bu çalışma kapsamında,
sisteinin (Cys) indirgeyici ve koruyucu ajan olarak Au NP ile sentezine
odaklanılmıştır. Yaklaşık 5 nm çapında altın
nanopartiküller, Cys ile modifiye edilen ve disülfiramın nanotaşıyıcısı olarak
Cys-Au NP’ler şeklinde konjugasyonu gerçekleştirilerek, (Altın nanopartiküllerin
sentezi, taze Cys solüsyonlarına karıştırılarak karışım gece boyunca 37°C'de
bir su banyosu içinde karıştırılarak) özellikleri taramalı elektron mikroskobu
(SEM), atomik kuvvet mıkroskobu (AFM) , geçirgen elektron mıkroskobu (TEM),
FT-IR, raman ve UV-Vis spektroskopisi ile değerlendirildi.
Molibden Oksit-Oktadesilamin/Pluronic®F127 Kompozit Elektrotların Kapasitif Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜR Bahri , AYHAN Muhammed Emre
Published: February 2019

Geçiş metal oksitleri (GMO), katalitik aktiviteleri ve yarı iletkenlik özellikleri ile ilgi görmektedirler. Süperkapasitör elektrotlar için de spesifik kapasitansı ve enerji yoğunluğunu artırmak amacıyla GMO’lar alternatif malzemeler olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, molibden trioksit-oktadesilamin (MoO3-ODA) ve molibden trioksit- EOnPOmEOn- tipi blok-kopolimer kompozitlerinin ITO cam altlık üzerine döndürerek kaplama (Spin Coating, SC) yöntemiyle ince filmleri hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan bu ince filmlerle MoO3-ODA/ITO ve MoO3-Pluronic®F127/ITO elektrotlar üretilmiş ve bu elektrotların elektrokimyasal özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ODA ve Pluronic®F127 (EO106PO70EO106)’nin varlığında elektriksel iletkenliğin arttığını, ayrıca Pluronic®F127 ile hazırlanan molibden trioksit kompozit yapıların daha iyi elektrokimyasal enerji depolama kapasitesine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Elektrokimyasal çalışmalarımız ve elde edilen bu sonuçlar, Pluronic®F127 katkılı MoO3 kompozit yapılarının yeni nesil yüksek performanslı süperkapasitörlerin üretilmesinde umut verici bir yaklaşım olduğunu göstermektedir.
4-Benzilidenamino-4,5-dihidro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-on Türevlerinin Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Teorik Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: TURHAN IRAK Zeynep , BEYTUR Murat
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmada, antioksidan özellikleri deneysel
olarak belirlenmiş bazı 4-benzilidenamino-4,5-dihidro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-on
türevleri bileşiklerinin Yoğunluk Fonksiyonel Teorisi yöntemiyle antioksidan
etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Yoğunluk fonksiyonel teorisine
(DFT) dayanan kuantum kimyasal hesaplamalar, deneysel sonuçlarında en fazla ve
en az antioksidan aktiviteye sahip
4-benzilidenamino-4,5-dihidro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-on türevlerinin (2a ve 2g
için) arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için kullanılmıştır. Antioksidan aktivitesi
üzerindeki solvasyon etkileri, farklı dielektrik sabitleri (ϵ = 2.25, C6H6;
ϵ = 78.39, H2O) ile iletken benzeri polarize süreklilik modeli
kullanılarak dikkate alınmıştır. Üç antioksidan reaksiyon mekanizması, hidrojen
atom transferi (HAT), tek elektron transfer-proton transferi (SET-PT) ve
ardışık proton kaybı elektron transferi (SPLET) açıklanmıştır. Bu
mekanizmalardaki adımlarla ilgili reaksiyon entalpileri gaz fazında ve
çözücülerde hesaplanmış, hesaplanan sonuçların deneysel değerlerle uyumluluğu
tartışılmıştır. Sonuçlar, SPLET'in sulu fazda 2a ve 2g’nin antioksidan
aktivitesini tanımlamak için en uygun mekanizma olduğunu göstermiştir, SPLET en
termodinamik olarak makul reaksiyon yolunu temsil etmiştir. Hesaplamalar, DFT
yöntemiyle nötral moleküller ve anyonlar için rB3LYP/ 6-311++G (2d,2p),
radikaller ve katyonlar için uB3LYP/ 6-311++G (2d,2p) temel setleri
kullanılarak yapılmıştır.
Pilot-scale study to investigate the impact of rotating belt filter upstream of a MBR for nitrogen removal
Authors: Razafimanantsoa V. A. , Adyasari D. , Sahu A. K. , Rusten B. , Bilstad T. , Ydstebø L.
Published: February 2019

The goal of this study was to investigate what kind of impact the removal of particulate organic matter with 33μm rotating belt filter (RBF) (as a primary treatment) will have on the membrane bioreactor (MBR) performance. Two small MBR pilot plants were operated in parallel, where one train treated 2mm screened municipal wastewater (Train A) and the other train treated wastewater that had passed through a RBF with a 33μm filter cloth (Train B). The RBF was operated without a filter mat on the belt. About one third of the organic matter was removed by the fine mesh filter. The assessment of the overall performance showed that the two pilot plants achieved approximately the same removal efficiencies with regard to total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus and total nitrogen. It was also observed that the system with 33μm RBF as a primary treatment produced more sludge, which could be used for biogas production, and required about 30% less aeration downstream. Transmembrane pressure was significantly lower for the train receiving 33μm primary treated wastewater compared to the control receiving 2mm screened wastewater.
Aporte de serapilheira em reflorestamento misto
Authors: Fernandes Milton Marques , Silva Thalita Rocha , Ferreira Robério Anastácio , Pinto Alexandre Siqueira , Magalhães Juliana Silva , Souza Icaro Bruno Andrade
Published: February 2019

Ações de monitoramento são necessárias para a avaliação de indicadores que revelem a evolução da restauração ecológica. O aporte da serapilheira pode ser indicador da sustentabilidade de uma floresta plantada ou reflorestamento misto com espécies nativas. Este trabalho visou avaliar a funcionalidade de um reflorestamento em Laranjeiras (SE) utilizando o aporte de serapilheira como indicador. Realizou-se o reflorestamento em novembro de 2005, com 31 espécies florestais nativas. O aporte de serapilheira foi coletado mensalmente, de setembro de 2014 a agosto de 2015. Analisaram-se quimicamente nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P) e potássio (K), transformados para conteúdo de nutrientes (kg ha ano-1). O aporte anual de serapilheira foi estimado em 3,85 Mg ha-1 ano-1, com média mensal de 0,33 Mg ha-1. O baixo aporte de serapilheira pode advir do maior espaçamento e pelo fato de 26 das 31 espécies usadas para plantio serem secundárias tardias ou clímax, produzindo menos serapilheira. O aporte de serapilheira apresentou padrão sazonal (aumento da produção no início da estação seca e redução na estação chuvosa). O aporte anual de nutrientes, via serapilheira, foi: nitrogênio (N) >potássio (K) >fósforo (P). O padrão de aporte de serapilheira no reflorestamento misto está funcionalmente semelhante ao de ecossistemas florestais naturais de florestas estacionais semideciduais.
Criação e aplicação de um texto de conhecimento introdutório sobre o campo da ecologia comportamental
Authors: Barbosa Júnior Emerson Campos , Nunes Alina Sá
Published: February 2019

O conhecimento sobre o campo da ecologia comportamental traz diversos benefícios para a carreira acadêmica e profissional dos estudantes de Biologia. Contudo muitos deles têm dificuldade de acessar livros e artigos introdutórios sobre o tema. Neste trabalho propôs-se criar um texto introdutório com aspectos gerais da ecologia comportamental e avaliar a sua eficiência. O referido texto foi dado para leitura a 20 estudantes do 4.º-5.º semestre de cursos de Ciências Biológicas de instituições de ensino superior. Elaborou-se um questionário semiestruturado com quatro questões relacionadas ao conteúdo do texto disponibilizado, visando avaliar a compreensão dos participantes. Dos 20 estudantes aos quais foi apresentado o texto, 19 entenderam o conteúdo do documento lido e 17 nunca tinham lido por mais de uma hora algum artigo ou livro sobre comportamento animal. Os fatores indicados pelos acadêmicos que levaram à sua compreensão do texto foram: clareza textual, simplicidade, objetividade, organização e exemplificação. Os estudantes interessados em ecologia comportamental, com este texto, têm acesso a um texto introdutório, geral, compreensível e referenciado sobre a área, o qual foi avaliado e poderá servir como um guia para o aprofundamento nos conteúdos dessa temática.
Macrofauna do solo cultivado com palma forrageira sem e com cobertura edáfica
Authors: Aires Souza José Thyago , De Souza Mileny Dos Santos , Costa Lima Guilherme Ferreira , Cavalcante Lourival Ferreira , Batista Jacinto De Luna , Medeiros Márcio Raimundo de
Published: February 2019

A macrofauna do solo constitui um bioindicador edáfico em áreas cultivadas. A palma forrageira caracteriza-se como elemento biológico compatível a condições semiáridas. Objetivou-se analisar a macrofauna do solo em cultivo de palma forrageira sob dois tipos de manejo do solo, no semiárido do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, de dezembro/2016 a janeiro/2017. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Armadilhas do tipo Provid, por um período de quatro semanas, foram instaladas aleatoriamente, mantendo as aberturas ao nível da superfície do solo para a captura dos indivíduos entomológicos. Fizeram-se as coletas semanalmente em cinco pontos de cada área, com e sem cobertura do solo com resíduos vegetais, totalizando 10 armadilhas. Após a contagem dos indivíduos, calculou-se a riqueza pelo número de grupos identificados, além dos índices de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H) e a uniformidade de Pielou (e). Por meio do software ANAFAU, calcularam-se os índices de frequência, abundância, dominância e constância. Verificou-se que o uso de cobertura morta em solo cultivado com palma forrageira eleva a quantidade de indivíduos da macrofauna edáfica, especialmente decompositores e trituradores. Os dípteros foram os mais abundantes dentre os grupos taxonômicos, principalmente no solo sob cobertura morta.
Exosomes as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Narayanan Eshwaran
Published: February 2019

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that encapsulate a diverse range of biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. They are involved in several biological processes and mediate intracellular communication. Recent reports that they exhibit unique traits in pathological conditions have generated significant interest in employing them as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Particularly, their potential to serve as drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of cancer and other diseases has been explored in numerous studies. This manuscript reviews recent developments in the field and discusses important considerations for further refinement of this approach and realization of more effective exosome-based drug delivery systems.
Gedunin, A Neem Limonoid in Combination with Epalrestat Inhibits Cancer Hallmarks by Attenuating Aldose Reductase-Driven Oncogenic Signaling in SCC131 Oral Cancer Cells
Authors: Tanagala Kranthi K.K. , Baba Abdul B. , Kowshik Jaganathan , Reddy Geereddy B. , Nagini Siddavaram
Published: February 2019

Background and Objectives: Aldose Reductase (AR), a polyol pathway enzyme that mediates
diabetic complications is implicated in tumour development and progression. This study was undertaken to
determine whether gedunin, a neem limonoid prevents the hallmarks of cancer by inhibiting AR and the associated
downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR/ERK/NF-κB signalling axis in the SCC131 oral cancer cell line.

Methods:

The expression of AR and key molecules involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, invasion
and angiogenesis was analysed by qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting. ROS generation and cell cycle were
analysed by FACS. Alamar blue assay and scratch assay were used to evaluate cell proliferation and migration
in the endothelial cell line Eahy926.

Results:

Gedunin and the AR inhibitor epalrestat inhibited AR expression and ROS generation. Cell cycle arrest
at G1/S was associated with cell death by autophagy with subsequent switch over to apoptosis. Furthermore,
hypoxia-induced cell migration was inhibited in Eahy926 cells with downregulation of pro-invasive and proangiogenic
proteins in SCC131 as well as Eahy926 cells. Co-inactivation of Akt and ERK was coupled with
abrogation of IKK/NF-κB signaling. However, the combination of gedunin and epalrestat was more effective
than single agents.

Conclusion:

Inhibition of AR-mediated ROS signalling may be a key mechanism by which gedunin and epalrestat
exert their anticancer effects. Our results provide compelling evidence that the combination of gedunin
and epalrestat modulates expression of key oncogenic signalling kinases and transcription factors primarily by
influencing phosphorylation and subcellular localisation. AR inhibitors such as gedunin and epalrestat are novel
candidate agents for cancer prevention and therapy.
Current Review on Plant based Pharmaceutical Excipients
Authors: Pal Rashmi Saxena , Pal Yogendra , Wal Ankita , Wal Pranay
Published: February 2019

Background:

Plants act as a major source of medicines and are used to formulate various pharmaceutical preparations. Apart from this, they act as excellent pharmaceutical aids as well as excipients.

Objective:

An effort has been made for the complete study of plants under different categories of plant-based thickeners, emulsifiers, suspenders, binders, etc.

Materials and Methods:

The herbs were differentiated on the basis of their role as flavoring, sweetening, colouring, gelling, thickening, emulsifying, suspending and binding agents.

Results:

The use of natural excipients to impart the goodness of natural bioactive agents has been hampered by synthetic materials. However, advantages offered by these natural excipients are enormous as being non-toxic, affordable and easily available. The activity of the excipients partly determines the quality of medicines.

Conclusion:

The herbal excipients act better in many ways when compared to their synthetic substitutes.
Effect of Etidronate and Ibandronate on Cytosolic Ca2+ in HT29 and Parasite Cell Line from Echinococcus Granulosus sensu lato
Authors: Ferrulli Mariana , Rojo Fernando Gabriel Pérez , Herrera Lilian Andrea Granada , Maglioco Andrea , Roldán Emilio AJ , Fuchs Alicia Graciela
Published: February 2019

Background:

The bisphosphonates are synthetic analogs of pyrophosphate in which two phosphates are connected through carbon instead of oxygen. They are approved compounds for the treatment of hypercalcemia, bone diseases and they have been proposed to treat infectious diseases. Bisphosphonates’ main mechanisms of action are on calcium metabolism, inhibition of protein prenylation and on ATP synthesis. In a previous work, the antiparasitic activity of bisphosphonates on a cell line from Echinococcus granulosus, sensu lato protoscoleces, 30 µM etidronate and ibandronate have antiproliferative activity after 72 h of incubation, decreasing intracellular ATP and only etidronate increased intracellular total calcium concentration.

Objective:

This work studied the effect of etidronate and ibandronate on cytoplasmic ionic calcium concentration in parasitic cell line and in HT29, cell line from human colon adenocarcinoma.

Methods:

Ionic calcium was measured by spectrofluorometric, labeling cells with Fluo-4AM. Cells were suspended in Na+ or K+ rich buffer and two calcium salts were used Cl- or Gluc-, anion permeable and impermeable, respectively.

Results:

Remarkable differences between cell lines were shown with the effect of bisphosphonates on intracellular ionic calcium concentration in hyperpolarized cells and these differences were smoothed on depolarized cells, in spite of the similar cellular response to calcium salts in absence of bisphosphonates.

Conclusion:

The bisphosphonates, mainly etidronate, decreased intracellular ionic calcium on parasitic cells explaining other aspects of their antiproliferative effect. Results suggested that other mechanism, such as Cl- and Na+ interchange are differentially affected by bisphosphonates, depending on cell line origin.
Category Classification of the Training Set Combined with Sentence Multiplication for Semantic Data Extraction Using GENI Algorithm
Authors: Shanmugam Saravana Kumar Coimbatore , Rajendran Santhosh , Padmanabhan Amudhavalli , Chellan Kalaiarasan
Published: February 2019

Background:

Increase in the internet data has increased the priority in the data extraction accuracy.
Accuracy here lies with what data the user has requested for and what has been retrieved. The same large
data sets that need to be analyzed make the required information retrieval a challenging task.

Objective:

To propose a new algorithm in an improved way than the traditional methods to classify the category
or group to which each training sentence belongs.

Method:

Identifying the category to which the input sentence belongs is achieved by analyzing the Noun
and Verb of each training sentence. NLP is applied to each training sentence and the group or category classification
is achieved using the proposed GENI algorithm so that the classifier is trained efficiently to extract
the user requested information.

Results:

The input sentences are transformed into a data table by applying GENI algorithm for group categorization.
Plotting the graph in R tool, the accuracy of the group extracted by the Classifier involving GENI
approach is higher than that of Naive Bayes & Decision Trees.

Conclusion:

It remains a challenging task to extract the user-requested data, when the user query is complex.
Existing techniques are based more on the fixed attributes, and when we move with respect to the fixed
attributes, it becomes too complex or impossible for us to determine the common group from the base sentence.
Existing techniques are more suitable to a smaller dataset, whereas the proposed GENI algorithm does
not hold any restrictions for the Group categorization of larger data sets.
Sustainable Development 2050: Spirituality - The Missing Link
Authors: Banerji Sanjay , Prasad Rajiv
Published: February 2019

We live in the Anthropocene and “The future of humanity and of our planet lies in the hands of today’s younger generation…” In spite of the SDGs and the Paris Agreement; assured sustainable development is still far from reality; and many challenges persist. Science became part of the mainstream sustainability dialogue after the publication of the planetary boundaries. We argue that mainstreaming spirituality holds the key to win over the final challenges in sustainable development. For this paper, ‘Spirituality’ is synonymous with service to mankind (Swami Vivekananda). It is a way of life upholding truth, moral, ethical and human values. Spirituality assures that in the eternal fight between truth and untruth; truth always wins. Therefore, mainstreaming spirituality in our sustainability dialogue is essential for the Holocene period to continue.
Фотоприемники ИК-диапазона на основе изопериодических эпитаксиальных слоев халькогенидов свинца-олова
Authors: Царенко О.Н. , Ткачук А.И. , Рябец С.И.
Published: February 2019

AbstractIR photodetectors have been made on Pb/δ-layer/ p -Pb_1 –_ x Sn_ x Te_1 –_ y Se_ y / p ^+-Pb_0.8Sn_0.2Te/Au and Au/δ-layer/ n -Pb_1 –_ x Sn_ x Te_1 –_ y Se_ y (BaF_2)/Pb surface-barrier structures prepared by liquid-phase epitaxy and thermal evaporation. At ~170 K, peak wavelength λ_ p ~ 7.9–8.2 μm, and cutoff wavelength λ_ c ~ 8.2–8.5 μm, the former surface-barrier structure has product R _0 A (where R _0 is the zero-bias differential resistance and A is the active surface area) = 0.31–0.97 Ω cm^2, peak quantum efficiency η_λ = 0.32–0.48, and specific detectability $$D_{\lambda }^{*}$$ = (0.72–1.83) × 10^10 cm Hz^1/2 W^–1. For photodiodes made on the latter surface-barrier structure, these parameters measured at ~80 K are R _0 A = 1.71–2.72 Ω cm^2, η_λ = 0.34–0.49, and $$D_{\lambda }^{*}$$ = (3.02–4.51) × 10^10 cm Hz^1/2 W^–1 at λ_ p ~ 8.6–12.3 μm and λ_ c ~ 9.2–12.9 μm.