bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention and Detection of Fraud in Village Fund Supervision in Barito Kuala District
Authors: Yuliastina Mellani , Hudaya Muhammad , Nor Wahyudin
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to map the pattern of the village fund supervision system and detect the possibility of loopholes in the system. So that it can provide recommendations for strategy formulations that are able to prevent fraud in village fund management. This research uses qualitative methods with a case study research strategy. The results showed that there was no fraud found in the three research objects, but the potential for fraud still exists and can change to be fraud due to lack coordination of supervision between related institutions and unsolid whistleblowing system. This paper offers strengthening internal control and whistleblowing system to address issues concerning the village fund supervision system.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan pola sistem pengawasan dana desa dan mendeteksi kemungkinan adanya celah (loopholes) fraud dari sistem tersebut sehingga dapat memberikan rekomendasi strategi yang mampu mencegah tindakan fraud pada pengelolaan dana desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada fraud yang ditemukan pada tiga objek penelitian, tetapi potensi fraud eksis dan bisa mengubah pada kondisi yang yang menyebabkan terjadinya fraud akibat belum optimalnya koordinasi pengawasan antar lembaga dan belum solidnya sistem whistleblowing yang dimplementasikan. Paper ini menawarkan penguatan pengendalian internal dan whistleblowing system yang terintegrasi agar permasalahan sistem pengawasan dana desa bisa diselesaikan dengan baik.
The Ownership Structure, Board of Directors, Diversification, and Disclosure of Anti-Corruption Policies
Authors: Hartomo Octavianus Digdo , Hutomo Santanando Hermanto Pranatio
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAnti-corruption disclosures reflect the company's commitment to prevent and combat corruption. This study examines the impact of managerial ownership, block holder ownership, government ownership, diversification, board independence, the board of commissioners' size, and diversification on anti-corruption disclosures. The object of this research is IDX listed companies from 2013 to 2017. Data obtained from the company's annual reportÂ  Data analysis is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the managerial ownership, government ownership, board independence, and board size positively affected anti-corruption disclosures, block holders ownership had a negative effect, and diversification positively affected anti-corruption disclosures.ABSTRAKPengungkapan anti-korupsi menunjukkan komitmen perusahaan untuk mencegah dan memberantas korupsi. Penelitian ini menguji dampak kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan pemegang blok, kepemilikan pemerintah, diversifikasi, independensi dewan komisaris, dan ukuran dewan komisaris terhadap pengungkapan anti korupsi. Objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2013 -2017. Data diperoleh dari laporan tahunan perusahaanÂ  Analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur kepemilikan manajerial, struktur kepemilikan pemerintah, independensi dewan komisaris dan ukuran dewan komisaris berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan anti korupsi, sedangkan struktur kepemilikan blockholder berpengaruh negatif dan diversifikasi berpengaruh positif pada pengungkapan anti korupsi.
A Literature Review of Tax Avoidance
Authors: Muslim Ade Imam , Setiawan Doddy
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThis study aims to provide an overview of the development of tax avoidance research. Data is taken from publishers Emerald, Ebsco, Wiley, Springer, and Proquest database. Samples from 2005 to 2019 and 77 articles were obtained covering tax avoidance. The method of analysis is through article classification by topic, source of scientific discipline, journal name, measurement of tax avoidance, distribution of article years, and references. In sum, the results of the study found that tax avoidance research has increased from year to year and still an interesting topic to study.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang pengembangan penelitian penghindaran pajak. Data diambil dari penerbit Emerald, Ebsco, Wiley, Springer, dan Proquest. Sampel diambil dari tahun 2005 sampai dengan tahun 2019 sebanyak 77 artikel penghindaran pajak. Metode analisis melalui pengklasifikasian artikel berdasarkan topik, sumber disiplin ilmu, nama jurnal, pengukuran penghindaran pajak, distribusi tahun artikel dan referensi. Secara umum hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penelitian penghindaran pajak telah meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dan menjadi topik penelitian yang masih menarik untuk diteliti.
Historie alternatywne i postapokaliptyczne wizje przyszłości w prozie Ołeksandra Irwancia
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Zambrzycka Marta
Published: October 2020

Alternative histories and post-calocaltist visions of the future in the prose of Oleksandr Irwancec The text deals with alternative histories and catastrophic visions of the future in the prose of the Ukrainian writer Oleksandr Irvanets. Two out of four nowels were written in the alternative history style another two were written in post-apocalyptic convention. The prose of Oleksandr Irvaniec is strongly based in the realities of post-Soviet Ukrainian society and is a kind of commentary to the problems that bothers that society. Keywords: alternative history, postapocalyptic prose, political fiction, Ukrainian literature, post-soviet society
AVA Biochem, Pioneer in Industrial Biobased Furan Chemistry
Authors: Krawielitzki Stefan
Published: October 2020

Swiss-based AVA Biochem AG is the global leader in the industrial production and sale of the bio-based platform chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), a renewable and non-toxic alternative to a range of petroleum-based materials. 5-HMF has a broad range of applications in the chemical,
pharmaceutical and food industries. Since 2014 AVA Biochem has been producing high-purity 5-HMF for research purposes and specialty chemicals markets, as well as technical-grade 5-HMF for bulk chemistry applications. AVA Biochem's own R&D department also develops the downstream chemistry
of 5-HMF and thus opens the door to biobased furan chemistry on an industrial scale.
Notch Inhibition in Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Fabbro Doriano , Bauer Michael , Murone Maximilien , Lehal Rajwinder
Published: October 2020

Notch is a key oncogenic pathway in several human cancers and to date, no targeted treatment of Notch activated cancers is available to patients. Therapeutic targeting of Notch has been an unresolved challenge due to severe on-target dose limiting toxicities associated with pan-Notch
inhibition by either ?-secretase inhibitors or receptor/ligand targeting MAbs. At Cellestia Biotech, we have identified novel series of small molecule inhibitors of the Notch transcription complex. These molecules act as pan-Notch inhibitors and do not cause toxicities commonly associated
with first- and second-generation Notch inhibitors currently tested in the clinic, thus providing a novel and unique opportunity to address a high unmet medical need. Our lead molecule, CB-103 is currently being investigated in Phase-1 dose escalation in cancer patients. Cellestia Biothech
is further expanding its medicinal chemistry activities advancing the development of novel molecules for targeting transcription factors in cancer as well as non-cancer indications.
A Century's Breakthrough in Upcycling Lignocellulosic Biomass: Embion Technologies, Hard-tech Spin-off of the EPFL, Disrupts Nutrition Innovation with Sophisticated, Complex-prebiotics for Immunity
Authors: Noh Gina , De Gol Cora , Siankevich Sviatlana
Published: October 2020

Embion Technologies SA is a hard-tech spin-off of the EPFL, with a disruptive and novel platform technology that aims to enable the global transition to zero waste via the circular bioeconomy. Embion's initial focus is on transforming low-value food and agricultural industry byproduct
streams to affordable next-generation prebiotics – nutrition for human and animal microbiome. We demonstrate here that the company's proprietary technology is simple and flexible and can be applied to a wide variety of feedstocks to extract tailored products with specific fingerprints.
Embion's technology unlocks the natural hidden value of fibers, fats, proteins, minerals, and polyphenols within these byproduct streams to bring different functional food ingredients to the food, feed, and beverage market.
Discovery of Small Molecule Drugs Targeting the Biogenesis of microRNA-155 for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Azzaoui Kamal , Blommers Marcel , Götte Marjo , Zimmermann Kaspar , Liu He , Fretz Heinz
Published: October 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that often leads to functional disorder in multiple organs, most often with symptoms related to skin lesions, cardiovascular disease and kidney damage. Although significant efforts have been made to find efficient therapies,
it still remains uncured. Furthermore, the current therapy is often associated with adverse side effects and leads to a high economic burden for society. At Saverna Therapeutics, in collaboration with our partners, we initiated a lead discovery program that aims to modulate the biogenesis
of miR-155. This non-coding RNA is upregulated in SLE patients and SLE mouse models. We used our drug discovery platform based on iterative fragment-based screening by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and machine learning to identify ligands of pre-miR-155. After several iterations and chemical
modifications, we have identified compounds that show structure-activity relationships in cellular assays. These inhibitors reduced the level of miR-155 as well as its associated inflammatory protein TNF ? whereas the cells remained viable during exposure of the compounds.
Der Wagner-Sänger Joseph Aloys Tichatschek – Vom Nachlass zum Netzwerk
Authors: Alschner Stefan
Published: October 2020

The Richard Wagner collection in Eisenach contains the estates of several important 19th century Wagner performers. The inheritance of the Heldentenor Joseph Tichatschek provides insight into the live and influence of the tenor. Tichatschek is considered as one of the greatest German speaking tenors of his generation and performed the leading roles in the world premieres of Richard Wagner’s Rienzi und Tannhäuser. The paper provides an introduction into the extensive networks Tichatschek apparently used to promote his own career as well as the works of composers close to him, like Richard Wagner. The study focusses on Tichatschek’s connections to the German courts, newspaper editors, and artists. The daughter of the singer, Josephine Rudolph-Tichatschek – wife to the German tenor Eduard Rudolph –, appears as a so far completely unknown figure with likewise extensive networks which helped to preserve the inheritance of her father after his death.
Songs for the Goddess. Das popmusikalische Neo-Matriarchat zwischen Ethno-Beat, erfundenen Traditionen und kommerzieller Vermarktung
Authors: Barber-Kersovan Alenka
Published: October 2020

The musical neo-matriarchy is linked to the growing popularity of Neo-Paganism. This pseudo-religious scene is based on romantic heritage, real or invented folk traditions and more or less serious historical, theological and anthropological studies of neo-matriarchy. In the focus of the scene stands the veneration of the Great Goddess and its worshipers are exclusively women. The main ideas of this eco-feminist movement are being conveyed also through (popular) music. My contribution encompasses the origins of the musical neo-matriarchy, the mythology it is based on, the message of the songs for the Great Goddess, the musical characteristics of the material collected, the use of typical instruments, and the dissemination of (musical) knowledge as the rather ‘modern’ way of distribution and consumption of the allegedly ‘archaic’ issues.
Zwischen klassischer Musikphilologie und angewandter Informatik: Die Digitale Mozart-Edition (DME) der Stiftung Mozarteum Salzburg
Authors: Cividini Iacopo
Published: October 2020

With the Digital Mozart-Edition (DME), the Salzburg Mozarteum Foundation and the Packard Humanities Institute, Los Altos (California), intend to build a bridge between music philology and informatics using the example of Wolfgang Amadé Mozart’s oeuvre. The aim of the project is to edit Mozart’s complete works as well as letters, documents and text sources according to scholarly criteria and in a fully digital format available free of charge on the internet. The core project of the DME, the Digital Interactive Mozart Edition (DIME), is conceived as a further development of the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe (NMA). Following the principle “code equals edition”, all musical texts and their critical documentation are encoded in the XML-based format by the Music Encoding Initiative (MEI). All variants and editorial interventions of the music can be made visible through The Digital Mozart Score Viewer (MoVi), a visualisation tool built around the Verovio music engraving library.
Erich Marckhl – Musikausbildung in der Steiermark nach 1945. Brüche und Kontinuitäten
Authors: Kogler Susanne , Mair Julia , Oberegger Juliane , Trummer Johanna
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, a detailed examination of the structure and development of music education in Styria after 1945 seems absolutely necessary, considering an overall lack of research on that topic and a predominant thematization of Vienna. The composer, music pedagogue and cultural politician Erich Marckhl played a pivotal role in music education before and after 1945. His network reached far beyond Styria. This article shall illustrate the development and interaction of all institutions connected to music education after 1945.the reorganization of the music school system, the reopening of the State Conservatory and its transformation into the Academy of Music and Performing Arts.
Gemfibrozil and Nigella Sativa: Comparison
Authors:   HOD Pharmacology, Islamabad Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan, Murad Shah , Marwat Durreshehwar ,   AP Forensic Medicine at IMDC, Pakistan, Qudoos Abdul ,   Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, FM&DC, Pakistan, M Arif ,   Associate Professor of FM at IMDC, Pakistan
Published: October 2020

Hyperlipidemia especially LDL-cholesterol may lead to development of coronary artery disease causing morbidity or mortality due to cardiac arrhythmias. Conventional hypolipidemic drugs have unwanted effects. Herbal therapy for Hyperlipidemia is getting attention due to their less frequent side effects. In this study we have compared hypolipidemic effects of Gemfibrozil with Nigella sativa. Seventy five hyperlipidemic patients from Jinnah Hospital Lahore were enrolled for study. After getting consent all patients were divided in three groups comprising 25 patients in each group. Group 1 was on Nigella sativa, group 2 was on Gemfibrozil and third group was on placebo therapy. They were advised to take drugs for two months. After completion of study pretreatment and post treatment values of LDL cholesterol were analyzed statistically. In Nigella sativa group LDL cholesterol decreased from 191.14±3.45 to 159.40±2.98 mg/dl, means 31.7 mg/dl LDL reduction was observed when compared with placebo group. In Gemfibrozil group of patients LDL cholesterol decreased from 197.77±3.91 mg/dl to 159.62±2.20 mg/dl, means LDL reduction in mean values was 38.2 mg/dl, when compared with placebo group. These changes are highly significant with p-values of ‹0.001. We concluded from this study that herbal medicine Nigella sativa is as effective as traditionally used hypolipidemic drug Gemfibrozil.
Molecular Optimization by Capturing Chemist’s Intuition Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: He Jiazhen , you huifang , Sandström Emil , nittinger eva , Bjerrum Esben Jannik , Tyrchan Christian , Czechtizky Werngard , Engkvist Ola
Published: October 2020

A main challenge in drug discovery is finding molecules with a desirable balance of multiple properties. Here, we focus on the task of molecular optimization, where the goal is to optimize a given starting molecule towards desirable properties. This task can be framed as a machine translation problem in natural language processing, where in our case, a molecule is translated into a molecule with optimized properties based on the SMILES representation. Typically, chemists would use their intuition to suggest chemical transformations for the starting molecule being optimized. A widely used strategy is the concept of matched molecular pairs where two molecules differ by a single transformation. We seek to capture the chemist's intuition from matched molecular pairs using machine translation models. Specifically, the sequence-to-sequence model with attention mechanism, and the Transformer model are employed to generate molecules with desirable properties. As a proof of concept, three ADMET properties are optimized simultaneously: logD, solubility, and clearance, which are important properties of a drug. Since desirable properties often vary from project to project, the user-specified desirable property changes are incorporated into the input as an additional condition together with the starting molecules being optimized. Thus, the models can be guided to generate molecules satisfying the desirable properties. Additionally, we compare the two machine translation models based on the SMILES representation, with a graph-to-graph translation model HierG2G, which has shown the state-of-the-art performance in molecular optimization. Our results show that the Transformer can generate more molecules with desirable properties by making small modifications to the given starting molecules, which can be intuitive to chemists. A further enrichment of diverse molecules can be achieved by using an ensemble of models.
Machine Learning the Quantum-Chemical Properties of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Accelerated Materials Discovery with a New Electronic Structure Database
Authors: Rosen Andrew , Iyer Shaelyn , Ray Debmalya , Yao Zhenpeng , Aspuru-Guzik Alan , Gagliardi Laura , Notestein Justin , Snurr Randall Q.
Published: October 2020

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a widely investigated class of crystalline solids with tunable structures that make it possible to impart specific chemical functionality tailored for a given application. However, the enormous number of possible MOFs that can be synthesized makes it difficult to determine which materials would be the most promising candidates, especially for applications governed by electronic structure properties that are often computationally demanding to simulate and time-consuming to probe experimentally. Here, we have developed the first publicly available quantum-chemical database for MOFs (the “QMOF database”), which consists of properties derived from density functional theory (DFT) for over 14,000 experimentally synthesized MOFs. Throughout this study, we demonstrate how this new database can be used to identify MOFs with targeted electronic structure properties. As a proof-of-concept, we use the QMOF database to evaluate the performance of several machine learning models for the prediction of DFT-computed band gaps and find that crystal graph convolutional neural networks are capable of achieving superior predictive performance, making it possible to circumvent computationally expensive quantum-chemical calculations. We also show how unsupervised learning methods can aid the discovery of otherwise subtle structure–property relationships using the computational findings in this work. We conclude by highlighting several MOFs with low band gaps, a challenging task given the electronically insulating nature of most MOF structures. The data and predictive models generated in this work, as well as the database of MOF structures, should be highly useful to other researchers interested in the predictive design and discovery of MOFs for the many applications dictated by quantum-chemical phenomena.
Novel Development of Predictive Feature Fingerprints to Identify Chemistry-Based Features for Effective Drug Design of SARS-CoV-2 Target Antagonists and Inhibitors Using Machine Learning
Authors: Cooper Kelvin , Baddeley Christopher , French Bernie , Gibson Katherine , Golden James , Lee Thiam , Pierre Sadrach , Weiss Brent , Yang Jason
Published: October 2020

A unique approach to bioactivity and chemical data curation coupled with Random forest analyses has led to a series of target-specific and cross-validated Predictive Feature Fingerprints (PFF) that have high predictability across multiple therapeutic targets and disease stages involved in the SARS-CoV-2 induced COVID-19 pandemic, which include plasma kallikrein, HIV protease, NSP5, NSP12, JAK family and AT-1. The approach was highly accurate in determining the matched target for the different compound sets and suggests that the models could be used for virtual screening of target specific compound libraries. The curation-modeling process was successfully applied to a SARS-CoV-2 phenotypic screen and could be used for predictive bioactivity estimation and prioritization for clinical trial selection, virtual screening of drug libraries for repurposing of drug molecules, and analysis and direction of proprietary datasets.
The Chirality of Yariv Reagent Aggregates Correlates with AGP–binding Ability
Authors: Hoshing Raghuraj , Leeber III Blaise W , Kuhn Helene , Caianiello David , Dale Brandon , Saladino Michael , Lusi Robert , Palaychuk Natalie , Weingarten Sarah , Basu Amit
Published: October 2020

Yariv reagents are glycosylated triphenylazo dyes, some of which bind to the polysaccharide component of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), proteoglycans found in plant cell walls. However, the exact reason for the selectivity in the presence/absence of AGP binding ability among Yarivs remains unknown. The Yariv reagents are known to form supramolecular aggregates in solution. We use circular dichroism to show that the Yariv reagent aggregates possess helical chirality, and the AGP binding ability of the Yariv reagents is correlated to its helical chirality.
Morphological Analysis and Dating of Pottery from the Posolskaya Site (Based on the Excavations of E. A. Khamzina in 1959)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Goriunova O. I. , Novikov A. G. ,   Irkutsk State University, Markhaeva D. А. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: October 2020

The analysis of pottery materials of Posolskaya site (excavations by E. A. Khamzina in 1959), which is located on the southeast coast of Lake Baikal (Kabansk district, the Republic of Buryatia), is carried out in this article. Based on morphological features, several groups of pottery with a set of characteristic features are identified. A comparison of them with the materials of supporting multilayer objects on the coast of Baikal and Cis-Baikal area, in general, made it possible to determine the relative and absolute chronology of these groups. It was determined that pottery complexes of layers 2 and 3 contain artifacts of different cultural and chronological periods from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age in a mixed state. They contain materials of the Middle and Late Neolithic (Posolskaya and Ust-Belaya ceramic types), the Early Bronze Age (pottery with pearls, with fingernails and Northern Baikal type) and the Late Bronze Age (Tyshkine-Senogdinsk type). Reticulated pottery, recorded in small quantities, was found in all complexes of the Neolithic era of the region. The pottery studies showed, on the one hand, its morpho-typological proximity with similar pottery in the south of Central Siberia as a whole. On the other hand, there were some regional differences (thickening of the corolla in bulk on Posolskaya type pottery in two versions: from the outside and from the inside; a variety of compositional structures on vessels with an external thickening of the corolla was revealed, expressed in simplification of the ornamental design; pottery combining features of Posolskaya and Ust-Belaya types was distinguished. A series of radiocarbon dates from stratified complexes of multilayer objects on the Baikal coast made it possible to determine chronological ranges for almost all pottery groups identified at Posolskaya site. Posolskaya type pottery in two of its variants corresponds to a chronological interval of 6750–6310 cal BP; Ust’-Belaia type (focusing on the dates of Ulan-Khada and the Gorelyi Les) – 5581–4420 cal BP; pottery with pearls and constructions from wide lines of the retreating spatula – 4500–3080 cal BP, pottery with finger pinches corresponds to 3370–3230 cal BP; Northern Baikal type – 3346–3077 cal BP; Tyshkine-Senogdinsk type – 2778–1998 cal BP.
New Data on the Mesolithic of the Southern Angara Region (Based on Materials of the Priyut Sukacheva 2 Site)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Berdnikov I. M. , Berdnikova N. E. ,   Irkutsk State University, Ulanov I. V. ,   Irkutsk State University, Krutikova K. A. ,   Irkutsk State University, Abrashina M. E. ,   Irkutsk State University, Zolotarev D. P. ,   Irkutsk State University, Abdulov T. A. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: October 2020

The results of archaeological works carried out in 2017 at the Priyut Sukacheva 2 site (Irkutsk) and analysis of the Mesolithic stone industry are presented. During the excavation, we uncovered the Pleistocene and Holocene deposits and identified two cultural layers. Mixed and poorly informative materials were found in the 1th layer, which is dated, in accordance with the ceramics, to a wide period from Neolithic to the Middle Ages. The most interesting finds of this layer are a flint zoomorphic figurine and a sandstone bait fish. The most representative is the collection of the 2nd layer. Three fireplaces made of pebbles were found here, which were severely destroyed because of cryogenic processes at the end of the Early – beginning of the Middle Holocene. The collection includes almost 6 thousand finds, among which were noted: debitage, cores and precors, end-scrapers (the most numerous category), incisors, borers, points, combined and notched tools, abrasive tools, preforms of tools, a knife, a side-scraper, pebbles and pieces of rock. The collection also consist of a few faunal remains (Equus ferus, Cervidae and ungulates). According to the specificity of lithic assemblage and the presence of large fireplaces, we can assume that there was a short-term settlement of hunter-gatherers. Here, the primary stone knapping was carried out, that indicated by the finds of cores, precors, flakes, and pieces of rock. Along with this, intensive economic activities were carried out, which was probably associated with various works on skin dressing, processing bone and wood. Despite of the lack of radiocarbon dates, the lithic assemblage of the 2nd layer is sufficiently expressive for a detailed comparison with materials from other sites. As a result of the collection analysis, the greatest similarity with the Late Mesolithic complexes of the Lisikha site, located on the opposite bank of Angara river, was found. Both sites have a similarity in the preferences of the inhabitants in the choice of raw materials (mudstone), the shape of cores and tools, and the stratigraphic position of the archaeological materials. Taking into account all the data, the age of complexes from the 2nd layer at the Priyut Sukacheva 2 site should be determined by the Final Mesolithic (~9.5–8.5 ka cal BP). The results of stratigraphic analysis do not contradict these conclusions.
Nonmetric Dental Traits of the Mountain Altai Population of Xiongnu-Sarmatian Era
Authors:   N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS, Leibova N. A.
Published: October 2020

The Xiongnu-Sarmatian era (1st century BC – first half of the 5th century AD) on the territory of Mountain Altai is represented by the Bulan-Koba culture. Earlier studies of the anthropological composition of the Mountain Altai population of this period made it possible to reveal the presence of an autochthonous anthropological layer. Also a noticeable increase in the proportion of the Mongoloid component only for the southeastern part of Mountain Altai was noticed. This article presents for the first time data on the dental system features of the Mountain Altai population, which is an independent source. The aim of the work is to analyze the anthropological composition of the population based on the data of odontology and to determine the origins of its genesis. The work is based on the analysis of data from the burial grounds Bosch-tuu I, Bulan-Koby IV, Stepushka 1, 2 and Ayrydash I (Altai Republic) that belong to the belo-bomsky stage (2nd – the first half of the 4th century AD). The series of the Ayrydash I burial ground includes 79 individuals, Bosh-Tuu I – 43 individuals, Bulan-Koba IV – 39 individuals, Stepushka 1, 2 – 23 individuals. The paper discusses 10 key odontoscopic traits. The evaluation of the traits and their further analysis were carried out in accordance with the methodology and technic contained in the works of A. A. Zubov. As a result, it was found that all the series studied belong to the range of populations of the western odontological branch with some increase in the frequency of traits of eastern orientation. In the group of Ayrydash I, taking into account the total number of the series, this eastern “raid” is the most distinct. The genesis of the population of the Mountain Altai of the Xiongnu-Xianbei-Rouran time was complex, as in previous epochs. The data of odontology prove that the “Pazyryks” directly preceding the “Bulan-Kobins” was not the main substrate on the basis of which the new population was composed. Rather, the basis was formed by descendants of the nomadic population of the forest-steppe foothills of the Altai. Dental anthropology data differ from that of craniology in assessing the role of the Pazyryk population's participation in the formation of Bulan-Koba culture. It is possible that an increase in the number of series studied will eventually lead to a convergence of estimates of the two systems.
World of Smells and Olfactory Communication in the Tradition of the Turkic-Mongolian Peoples of Inner Asia
Authors:   East-Siberian State Institute of Culture, Sodnompilova M. M.
Published: October 2020

The sense of smell as well as other organs of human senses play an important role in social communication, in the intercommunication of people with the natural world and another world inhabited by supernatural beings. Peculiarities of the perception of odors and their significance in the life of society, the functions of the organs of perception in traditional culture in general, and communication in particular of the Turkic and Mongolic peoples of Inner Asia, have not yet become the subject of special research. The purpose of this article is to fill this gap. The study showed that the sense of smell, like other sensory organs in nomadic culture, plays an important role in social communication, in the communication of people with the natural world and another world. The world view of nomads built into the system of smells is not unique – pleasant smells are familiar to the herder, they characterize the Upper world of deities, unpleasant – the Lower world. The combination both of them is distinguished by the earthly world of man. In the communication of people with another world, special importance is attached to the role of sacred plants – thyme, juniper, fir, whose smell is found to be pleasant throughout the studied region. Their functions are concentrated in the ritual sphere: they cleanse of filth, treat patients, open “channels of communication” with other worlds. With the spread of Buddhism, nomads became acquainted with the smells of “overseas” sacred plants, which gradually replaced the local ones. The smell is due to the social and cultural factors. In this regard, the range of pleasant/familiar smells of nomads is formed by the smells of domestic animals - horses, cows, sheep, the smell of dairy products, boiled meat. In our opinion, the smell, but not the external appearance of a person, animal, plant or object formed the basis of a very important concept in the traditional culture of the Turkic and Mongolic peoples about sacred purity/impurity mainly. The smell played an important role in the social communication of the Turkic and Mongolic peoples. It was evidenced by the prevailing form of contacts between close people – sniffing. The significance of the smell is evidenced by a complex of traditional expressions that characterized the dignity of man. It was revealed that olfactory information was given more importance in natural zones with limited visibility – in the steppe zone, taiga.
Personality Traits and Changes in Depression Symptoms in Female University Students
Authors: Bobić Jasminka , Koscec Bjelajac Adrijana , Bakotić Marija , Macan Jelena
Published: October 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the course of symptoms of depression in female university students over a four-year period, while also exploring the predictive value of four personality traits with regard to symptoms of depression. The sample comprised 74 female first-year university students. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and were collected twice over a four-year interval, while the personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and lie tendencies were assessed by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire only at the baseline. The results revealed that after a four-year period the depression symptoms increased in intensity/frequency on 10 out of 20 items as well as in the summary score, and decreased only in diurnal variations, which wasfavourable outcome. Multiple regression analysis indicated that out of the four personality traits only neuroticism was a significant predictor of the summary depression score four years later. This means that young female students with higher scores in neuroticism, although still in the normal or average range, would very probably have a more pronounced and less well-regulated emotional response to a stressful period of their university education.
(Re)pensar sobre as Cidades Contemporâneas: Contribuições ao Debate
Authors: Goretti F. Almeida Giovana
Published: October 2020

As cidades de hoje são diferentes das cidades do passado. Tornaram-se mais complexas, mais densas e com vários problemas em comum, como é o caso dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, mobilidade urbana e da sustentabilidade ambiental, por exemplo. As necessidades dos cidadãos são diversas, mas similares a inúmeras outras cidades no mundo todo. O viver em uma cidade estabelece relações com o urbano e com a natureza, bem como pressupõe a existência do que Raffestin (1993) chamou de território vivido em contraste com o que Pecqueur (2005) denominou de território dado. A cidade é um espaço multifacetado por outros territórios que muitas vezes se sobrepõem. Outras vezes contrastam e disputam espaço (físico e simbólico), o que lhes proporciona um diálogo urbano por meio de seus conflitos, parcerias e relações que estabelece entre si e com o meio ambiente.As cidades têm sido foco de discussões globais, como: sustentabilidade, planejamento urbano, moradias para pessoas de baixa renda, periferia, conflito e parcerias entre atores sociais, identidade territorial e cultural, densidade, população, mobilidade, inteligência das cidades, cidades digitais e estratégicas, cidades virtuais, marcas de cidades, imagem da cidade, fluxos, migrações, energia sustentável. A cada marco temporal os espaços urbanos vão se redescobrindo e se reinventando, levando a novos usos e apropriações, bem como conflitando ou corroborando com a pluralidade de discursos e práticas que lhe abarcam cotidianamente.
Full-immersion virtual reality for experiential education: An exploratory user experience analysis
Authors: Schott Christian , Marshall Stephen
Published: October 2020

Experiential education is widely considered an effective pedagogy to foster learning for our rapidly changing world. Despite this, residential fieldtrips are on the decline. Recent advances in full-immersion virtual reality (VR) technology offer great potential to make situated experiential education, such as fieldtrips, more accessible to educational institutions, however, research on VR technology’s effectiveness in this context is lacking. This article documents exploratory action research which examines the effectiveness of full-immersion VR technology for experiential education by adopting a user experience (UX) analytical frame. Six university staff and five students who participated in a trial of a virtual environment developed for sustainable tourism education, discussed their user experience through semi-structured interviews. The UX lens which distinguished between three UX facets during the analysis, beyond the instrumental, emotion and affect, experiential, serves to identify research areas requiring attention and assists in the technology’s improvement prioritisation. Interviews revealed many positive perspectives thus lending support to VR technology’s suitability to foster experiential education, however, several negative experiences were also identified; principally motion sickness. The exploratory findings suggest that more research is warranted to more comprehensively examine VR technology’s capacity to foster experiential education and locate VR’s place in the education landscape.
Antimicrobial resistance point-of-care testing for gonorrhoea treatment regimens: cost-effectiveness and impact on ceftriaxone use of five hypothetical strategies compared with standard care in England sexual health clinics
Authors: Harding-Esch Emma M , Huntington Susie E , Harvey Michael J , Weston Georgie , Broad Claire E , Adams Elisabeth J , Sadiq S Tariq
Published: October 2020

Background

Widespread ceftriaxone antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) treatment, with few alternatives available. AMR point-of-care tests (AMR POCT) may enable alternative treatments, including abandoned regimens, sparing ceftriaxone use. We assessed cost-effectiveness of five hypothetical AMR POCT strategies: A-C included a second antibiotic alongside ceftriaxone; and D and E consisted of a single antibiotic alternative, compared with standard care (SC: ceftriaxone and azithromycin).

Aim

Assess costs and effectiveness of AMR POCT strategies that optimise NG treatment and reduce ceftriaxone use.

Methods

The five AMR POCT treatment strategies were compared using a decision tree model simulating 38,870 NG-diagnosed England sexual health clinic (SHC) attendees; A micro-costing approach, representing cost to the SHC (for 2015/16), was employed. Primary outcomes were: total costs; percentage of patients given optimal treatment (regimens curing NG, without AMR); percentage of patients given non-ceftriaxone optimal treatment; cost-effectiveness (cost per optimal treatment gained).

Results

All strategies cost more than SC. Strategy B (azithromycin and ciprofloxacin (azithromycin preferred); dual therapy) avoided most suboptimal treatments (n = 48) but cost most to implement (GBP 4,093,844 (EUR 5,474,656)). Strategy D (azithromycin AMR POCT; monotherapy) was most cost-effective for both cost per optimal treatments gained (GBP 414.67 (EUR 554.53)) and per ceftriaxone-sparing treatment (GBP 11.29 (EUR 15.09)) but with treatment failures (n = 34) and suboptimal treatments (n = 706).

Conclusions

AMR POCT may enable improved antibiotic stewardship, but require net health system investment. A small reduction in test cost would enable monotherapy AMR POCT strategies to be cost-saving.
The contribution of HIV point-of-care tests in early HIV diagnosis: community-based HIV testing monitoring in Catalonia, 1995 to 2018
Authors: Fernàndez-López Laura , Reyes-Urueña Juliana , Conway Anna , Saz Jorge , Morales Adriana , Quezadas Jaime , Baroja Jordi , Rafel Anna , Pazos Ander , Avellaneda Anna , Meroño Mercè , Andreo Lorena , Romero Lluís , Lara Anna , Otón Araceli , Rifà Benet , Mansilla Rosa , Colom Joan , Casabona Jordi
Published: October 2020

Background

Community-based HIV testing services combined with the use of point-of-care tests (POCT) have the potential to improve early diagnosis through increasing availability, accessibility and uptake of HIV testing.

Aim

To describe community-based HIV testing activity in Catalonia, Spain, from 1995 to 2018, and to evaluate the impact of HIV POCT on the HIV continuum of care.

Methods

A community-based network of voluntary counselling and testing services in Catalonia, Spain has been collecting systematic data on activity, process and results since 1995. A descriptive analysis was performed on pooled data, describing the data in terms of people tested and reactive screening test results.

Results

Between 1995 and 2018, 125,876 HIV tests were performed (2.1% reactive). Since the introduction of HIV POCT in 2007, a large increase in the number of tests performed was observed, reaching 14,537 tests alone in 2018 (1.3% reactive). Men who have sex with men (MSM), as a proportion of all people tested, has increased greatly over time reaching 74.7% in 2018. The highest percentage of reactive tests was found in people who inject drugs followed by MSM. The contribution of community-based HIV testing to the overall total notified cases in the Catalonia HIV registry has gradually increased, reaching 37.9% in 2018, and 70% of all MSM cases. In 2018, the percentage of individuals with a reactive screening test who were linked to care was 89.0%.

Conclusion

Our study reinforces the important role that community-based HIV POCT has on the diagnosis of HIV in key populations.
Gamification as an Engagement Tool in E-Learning Websites
Authors: Rebelo Sofia , Isaías Pedro
Published: October 2020

Aim/Purpose: As e-Learning becomes increasingly pervasive, students’ engagement in online settings emerges as a central challenge, as it is often more demanding to ensure in this context. The core importance of engagement for e-Learning, places a focus on various instruments and strategies that can be deployed to foster its enhancement.

Background: Gamification is often depicted as a significant instrument to drive engagement, behavior change, and loyalty, which can be of great significance to online learning. This paper aims to examine the relationship between the application of gamification tools and the level of engagement in e-Learning websites.

Methodology: This research used two methods: the analysis of e-Learning websites and an online survey with a convenience and purposive sample of e-Learning and/or gamification experts.

Contribution: This paper adds to the existing body of research by placing and emphasis on and examining the positive role of gamification as an engagement instrument with valuable potential for e-Learning.

Findings: The results showed that the majority of the selected e-Learning websites use gamification and engagement elements and that the tools that are more commonly used were deemed as the most effective, by the experts. It became equally evident that the deployment of a larger number of gamification and engagement elements have positive repercussions in the enhancement of engagement, which can have constructive ramifications for the effectiveness of e-Learning.

Recommendations for Practitioners: From a practitioner’s viewpoint the findings can assist both learning designers and teachers in the creation of gamification strategies to enhance students’ engagement. As a central challenge of e-Learning courses, engagement requires a multifaceted approach to be addressed effectively and knowing the strategies that have positive outcomes is a step forward in ensuring that the students can enroll in online courses and not be compromised with respect to their engagement. Finally, the lack of engagement can have serious repercussions not only on the learning experience of the students, but also on their actual academic performance. Hence, it is important to guide educators towards good design practices that can maximize engagement in these settings.

Recommendation for Researchers: From a research perspective, these findings add to a growing body of studies that focus on the benefits of gamification by highlighting its positive repercussions on engagement and identifying which elements are more effective. In addition, the use of different sources of data provided a wider illustration of what is currently the use of gamification elements by functioning e-Learning websites and how those who apply them in practice in their courses perceive these elements.

Future Research: Future research endeavours can focus on exploring students’ perceptions of gamification and how it influences their leaning performance.
EXPERIENCE OF FRC CSC RAS IN PROVIDING HPC CLOUD SERVICES FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE
Authors: Volovich Denis , Denisov Konstantin , Kondrashev Vadim
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of scientific research of the Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of the Russian Academy of Sciences in field of providing of cloud services for material science.
ESTIMATION OF THE WORKLOAD OF A HYBRID COMPUTING CLUSTER IN TASKS OF MODELING IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
Authors: Volovich Konstantin
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to methods of calculation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the functioning of hybrid computing systems. The article proposes a method of calculating the value of the workload using peak values of the cluster performance. The results and the quality of the functioning of cloud scientific services of high-performance computing using the roofline model are analyzed.
ANISOTROPY OF THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS IN MECHANICALLY STRESSED HAFNIA STRUCTURES
Authors:   JSC «MERI», Konstantinov Viacheslav , Italyantsev Aleksandr
Published: October 2020

Anisotropy of Helmholtz free energy in mechanically stressed tetragonal hafnia structures is studied. Ab-initio calculations method is used for the modelling of the structures and estimation of Helmholtz free energy.
SIMULATION OF THE TIME-DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN IN THE METALLIZATION SYSTEM OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS OF THE MODERN TOPOLOGICAL LEVEL
Authors: Orlov Andrey , Rezvanov Askar
Published: October 2020

In this work, simulation modeling of processes of the diffusion of ions of a metal barrier in low-k dielectric between two copper lines is performed
CALCULATION OF THE REFLECTION SPECTRA OF Ge-Sb-Te DIFFRACTION GRATING USING THE TAUC–LORENTZ DISPERSION MODEL
Authors: Minnullin Ramil , Korolev Dmitriy , Sapegin Aleksandr , Barabanenkov Mikhail
Published: October 2020

In this paper reflection spectra in the near infrared range are calculated for the diffraction grating of Ge-Sb-Te alloy on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide with use of Tauc–Lorentz dispersion model and Matrix Riccati Equation method.
SIMULATION OF THE DEGRADATION PROCESSES OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, STRENGTH AND FRACTURE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Mochalova Yulia , Abgaryan Karine
Published: October 2020

The work is aimed at modeling strength and predicting degradation processes of mechanical properties of composite materials using multiscale modeling and machine learning methods.
QUANTUM MECHANICAL STUDY OF THE MAGNETIZATION EFFECT ON THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF SI: P
Authors: Gnidenko Anton , Chibisov Andrey , Chibisova Maria , Prohorenko Anastasiya
Published: October 2020

Non-collinear calculation of the electronic structure of silicon doped with phosphorus were performed. The dependence of the energy gap between the donor level and the bottom of the conduction band on the phosphorus atom magnetization is investigate, the possibility of manipulation of the phosphorus atom spin using a magnetic field is shown.