bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONTENT VALIDITY OF THE SUMMATIVE TEST ITEMS OF ENGLISH FOR THE TENTH GRADERS OF SMA NEGERI 1 MAGELANG IN THE SCHOOL YEAR 2015/2016
Authors: Nugrahanto Ardhian , Winarsih Dwi , Farikah Farikah
Published: October 2024

Language testing is a kind of process to measure the competence or the achievement of the students in language, in this case English. Creating a set of test is not as simple as it seems; there must be many qualifications or requirements to consider to make a good test with good quality for the students. The objectives of this research are to know whether the English summative test for the tenth graders of SMA Negeri 1 Magelang in the school year 2015/2016 has good validity and represent the basic competence proportionally or not. The writer conducted the research by collecting the data. The writer took the question sheet of English first semester test as the subject of this study. The writer also took the English syllabus to analyze the test items. Then, the writer retyped the data and compared it with the syllabus. After that, the writer analyzed the test items one by one. Besides, the writer also counted the percentage of the conformity and unconformity of the test items to know the quality of the content validity of the test items. After analyzing the data, the writer finds that there are thirty-two items which conform to the syllabus and three items do not conform to the syllabus. Meaning that the English summative test has good content validity with the percentage 91.42%. But the representation of the basic competences do not proportional yet, because there is a basic competence which dominated the test items.
THE IMPACT OF TEACHER'S POSITIVE ATTITUDE AND ENTHUSIASM ON TEACHING EFL
Authors: Raharjanti Ratna Dwiyaning
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses how students’ perspective about teacher’s positive attitude and enthusiasm on teaching English as Foreign Language. The success of the lesson depends on the teacher’s way to teach.. When a difficulty is found on teaching that makes the students feel not enthusiastic, applying positive attitude and enthusiasm will be the solution so that they are encouraged to learn. The purpose of this study is to prove that teacher’s positive attitude gives big influence on a learning process. This paper uses qualitative research which involving the author’s arguments. The author creates a questionnaire to observe this problem and the result shows that most students need teacher’s positive attitude and enthusiasm in supporting their study. Therefore, teacher should consider his attitude while they are teaching.
CORPUS LINGUISTICS RESEARCH: ANALYZE THE USE OF INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME IN “THE FAULT IN OUR STARS” NOVEL BY JOHN GREEN
Authors: Trisnanda Averedinta Delia , Indriani Lilia
Published: October 2024

Novels are timeless. From teenagers to adults, they still choose a novel to spend time with, entertain themselves before bedtime, or even make a hobby. One of the most important yet unseen is the inflectional morpheme. The inflectional morpheme is a morpheme that does not alter the sense of the word. It is used to identify the type of words used in the text. This makes inflectional morpheme an essential ingredient in writing. Inflectional morpheme consists of suffixes added at the end of words that do not change either part of speech or meaning. It gives extra grammatical information about the already existing meaning of the word (Bauer, 1988:12). The use of inflectional morpheme in a novel is important. One of the novels with an inflectional morpheme is John Green titled "The Fault in Our Stars." The most remarkable novel by John Green describes the romantic relationship between two teenagers that have cancer. The tragic romantic journey between Hazel Grace and Augustus Waters. This research aimed to analyze the inflectional morpheme in the novel. This research is used descriptive qualitative. It is hoped that this article may help students to learn more about the types of inflectional morpheme and the function of each inflectional morpheme.
IDENTIFY THE USE OF FUTURE TENSE IN RICK AND MORTY SHOW BY JUSTIN ROILAND & DAN HARMON
Authors: Junaedy Sulthan Gibran
Published: October 2024

Learning about grammar is essential for EFL students. To different people, the Word Grammar means different things. To the average person, it refers to the correctness or incorrectness of the words they use. It entails a logical and terminological analysis of sentences for a school student. Grammar knowledge helps the student in the correction of errors and the progress of written work. Only through unconscious assimilation can a person learn a foreign language accurately. Learning grammar is essential because it is indispensable for the student. Grammar is the system of a language. Grammar is often referred to as a language's "rules," but no language has rules. When we say "rules," we mean that someone made the rules first and then spoke the language, as if it were a new game. Languages, on the other hand, did not begin in this manner. Moreover, in the English language, there are verbs. There are three tenses for verbs: past, present, and future. Things that have already occurred are described in the past (e.g., earlier in the day, yesterday, last week, three years ago). The present tense is used to describe events that are taking place or that are ongoing. Things that have not happened yet are defined in the future tense (e.g., later, tomorrow, next week, next year, three years from now). EFL students need to watch the materials in order to enhance their capacity as speakers. Rick and Morty are well-known TV shows. A future tense (abbreviated fut) is a verb form in grammar that usually indicates that the event represented by the verb has not yet occurred but is expected to occur in the future. This TV show contains many data about the future tense that will be analyzed. This paper aims to find the future tense in a TV show called Rick and Morty. It uses the descriptive qualitative method. Future tense with the word "will" is discovered to be the most commonly occurring data.
Impact Of Marketing Events On Customer Satisfaction Mediated By Digital Marketing And Moderate Green Marketing On MSMEs In Banyumas District
Authors: Antonius Ary Setyawan  , Bobby Wiryawan Saputra
Published: October 2024

With the help of digital marketing and green marketing, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence that marketing events have on customer satisfaction in micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) located in the Banyumas Regency. The method of sampling is known as simple random sampling. This is due to the fact that the population is quite huge, which means that the samples are taken depending on the convenience that is discovered. To estimate the appropriate size of the sample for this investigation, the Slovin formula was utilized. (0.1) is the absolute maximum percentage of the sample limit that can still be allowed. The distribution of questionnaires to micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the Banyumas Regency was carried out by sending a link to a Google form. The findings of this study indicate that marketing events have an effect on the level of satisfaction experienced by consumers, that digital marketing acts as a mediator during the interaction between marketing events and consumer satisfaction, and that green marketing acts as a moderator during the relationship between marketing events and consumer satisfaction.
DETERMINING THE DEMAND FOR MSME CREDIT THROUGH MACROPRUDENTIAL INCENTIVE POLICIES AS AN ECONOMIC RECOVERY EFFORT
Authors: Agustiya Famela Galuh Dewi , Ayuningtyas Fitri Juniwati
Published: October 2024

A bank is a financial institution that plays an important role in maintaining economic stability, supporting economic growth and facilitating financial activities. One of the efforts made by the banking sector is to channel credit to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) so that they can develop. This study aims to see how the influence of Non Performing Loan (NPL), Lending Interest Rate, Inflation and Macroprudential Incentive Policy on MSME credit demand in Indonesia. The research period is from 2018 to 2022. This research was conducted using secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the Non Performing Loan (NPL) variable has no significant effect on MSME loan demand in Indonesia, while the loan interest rate variable has a negative and significant effect on MSME loan demand in Indonesia and the inflation variable and macroprudential incentive policies have a significant effect on MSME loan demand in Indonesia. The conclusion is that the existence of Macroprudential Incentive Policy can increase the demand for MSME loans in Indonesia, this can have an impact on national economic growth.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND STATE-OWNED BANK'S PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF RISK PREFERENCE
Authors: Sutanto Ahmad , Febriansyah Wivan , Ermawati Wita Juwita
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of digital transformation on the financial performance of Indonesian state-owned banks, using risk preference as a moderating variable. The study utilizes data from the annual financial reports of Indonesian state-owned banks from 2019 to 2023. Digital transformation is measured through text mining of annual reports, bank performance is primarily indicated by Net Interest Margin (NIM), and risk preference is assessed using the Z-score. Given the presence of autocorrelation in the fixed effects model, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is employed. The results reveal that digital transformation does not directly affect bank performance. However, this relationship is significantly moderated by the banks' risk preferences. Banks with higher risk preference tend to leverage digital transformation more effectively, resulting in increased profitability and higher risks. Conversely, banks with lower risk preferences adopt digital technologies more cautiously, achieving steadier but potentially lower gains. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and bank managers in the Indonesian banking sector, emphasizing balancing technological advancements with risk management to maintain financial stability. This study highlights the crucial role of digital transformation in enhancing bank performance when aligned with risk management strategies and contributes to the understanding of the complex relationship between digital transformation, risk preference, and bank performance in emerging economies, particularly in the context of state-owned banks.
Karakter Mandiri, Disiplin dan Tanggung Jawab untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Septiadevana Riski , Triani Lia , Oktaviani Melina
Published: October 2024

Karakter pada siswa perlu terus dikembangkan, terutama pada level sekolah dasar. Untuk menilai sejauh mana karakter tersebut berkembang, diperlukan suatu indikator yang akan digunakan sebagai acuan dalam menyusun kegiatan ataupun penilaian karakter secara objektif dan sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan indikator karakter mandiri, disiplin dan tanggung jawab yang sesuai untuk siswa sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah studi literatur dengan menganalisis 16 jurnal terindeks yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini berupa rumusan indikator karakter mandiri, disiplin dan tanggung jawab yang dapat digunakan untuk siswa sekolah dasar. Indikator mandiri yang dihasilkan adalah a) kemampuan melakukan aktivitas secara mandiri; b) kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah; dan c) kemampuan membuat keputusan secara mandiri. Sedangkan untuk indikator disiplin meliputi a) mematuhi peraturan di sekolah (termasuk penggunaan seragam/pakaian, waktu, dan sebagainya) dan b) menyelesaikan kegiatan rutin tepat waktu. Untuk indikator tanggung jawab yaitu a) berpartisipasi dalam semua kegiatan dan b) memelihara fasilitas umum di sekolah. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar untuk penyusunan kegiatan penanaman karakter dan penyusunan instrumen penilaian karakter mandiri, disiplin, dan tanggung jawab untuk siswa sekolah dasar
Implementasi Audiovisual dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Musfira Musfira , Mustakim Mustakim , Hamna Hamna
Published: October 2024

Permasalahan utama pada penelitian ini adalah rendahnya kemampuan literasi menulis siswa SDN 1 Lakatan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, peneliti menggunakan media audiovisual berupa video pembelajaran yang berbentuk animasi dan link Wordwall. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi siswa dengan penggunaan media audiovisual. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penetian tindakan kelas. Teknik analisis data mencangkup observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini melibatkan 9 siswa kelas III SDN 1 Lakatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan implementasi media audiovisual yang terdiri dari 2 siklus . Semua siklus mengalami peningkatan. Hasil kemampuan literasi siswa pada siklus satu dengan persentase 44%. Sedangkan hasil kemampuan literasi pada siklus dua dengan persentase 100%. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil kemampuan literasi siswa dalam mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia melalui penerapan media audiovisual telah memenuhi kriteria yang diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi siswa kelas III SDN 1 Lakatan
A comparative study on the efficiency of the public and private sector banks post-merger: A Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors:   Department of Commerce, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India, Maity Sagnik , Majumder Amit ,   Department of Commerce, Bijoy Krishna Girls’ College, West Bengal, India
Published: October 2024

The paper compares the operation efficiency of the public service banks against the private service banks post-merger. The paper also makes an attempt to rank the individual banks in the years before and after mergers. Hence, the study taken a period of five years from 2017 to 2022. The researchers employed the data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology to calculate the efficiency. From this viewpoint, the merger of the public service banks enhanced their performance but still lagged behind the private sector banks.
Attraction to the Inanimate: An Exploration of Objectophilia and Fictophilia Through a Psychological Lens
Authors: Doran-Stout Adrienne
Published: October 2024

This paper explores objectophilia, the sexual and/or romantic attraction to objects, and fictophilia, the sexual and/or romantic attraction to fictional characters. Fictophilia and objectophilia face much stigma and often raise concerns about the well-being and mental health of objectophiles and fictophiles. Using existing sources on these topics, including research papers, books, websites, films, and other media, this paper seeks to build an understanding of objectophilia and fictophilia with a focus on the question of whether or not they should be defined as mental disorders. Based on the current body of literature and other sources including personal accounts of fictophiles and objectophiles, it seems that it would be more accurate and beneficial to define them as sexual/romantic orientations rather than disorders.Keywords: objectophilia, objectum sexuality, fictophilia, fictosexuality, fictoromance
Facilities Usage on the International Space Station
Authors: Walsh Justin , Ali Rao Hamza , Shihabi Ryan , Linstead Erik
Published: October 2024

Science experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) - and in future space habitats - require“facilities,” as they are known to the space agencies, as the core building blocks of the researchcapabilities they provide. Facilities are pieces of equipment that enable research, such as centrifuges,furnaces, gloveboxes, freezers, and more. The ISS has been home to 191 such facilities in its 24years of continuous operation, but until now, there has been no public accounting or modeling of how they are used. Here we present a statistical analysis of ISS facility usage, based on data scraped from more than 4,000 ISS daily reports dating from 2009 to 2024. The results are presented by facilityand by facility category (as designated by NASA and as designated by us), and for both individualand pairwise use. By drawing this picture of research activity on the first permanently crewed spacehabitat in low Earth orbit, we provide insights that are useful for the design and planning of the nextgeneration of space stations, including the co-location of facilities that tend to be used together aspart of a broad space-based infrastructure. Raw data and code for replication and further analysis isavailable in this paper’s Github repository.
Shifting Constants Through Infinite Product Transformations
Authors: Llorente Antonio Gracia
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we demonstrate new infinite product formulas that converge to well-known mathematical constants, including e, π, Γ(1/4), the Glaisher-Kinkelin constant, Catalan’s constant, and Apéry’s constant. Additionally, we show how exponentiation to the n-th power of the functions inside the products transform the mentioned constants.
Research preparation in Australian accredited counsellor education: A brief report
Authors: Beel Nathan , Purvis Mayumi
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the research training opportunities in accredited Australian counselling programs. A desktop review of 90 accredited qualifications across 44 institutions was conducted, focusing on the inclusion of named research methodology and project subjects. Results indicate a wide variation of exposure to specific research methodology and project subjects, depending on what level of study and specific course chosen. Students who study courses with insufficient research training and production may require additional bridging studies for eligibility for doctoral studies. Recommendations are provided.
Vaping and Tumor Metastasis: Current Insights and Progress
Authors: Xi Yibo , Yang Lei , Burtness Barbara , Wang He
Published: October 2024

Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality and remains a major hurdle in cancer treatment. Traditional cigarette smoking has been extensively studied for its role in promoting metastasis. However, the impact of e-cigarette (e-cig) on cancer metastasis is not well understood despite their increasing popularity as a supposedly safer alternative. This mini review synthesizes current literature on the effects of e-cig on cancer metastasis, focusing on the processes of dissemination, dormancy, and colonization. It also incorporates recent findings from our laboratory regarding the role of e-cig in tumor progression. E-cig exposure enhances metastatic potential through various mechanisms: it induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increasing cell migratory and invasive capabilities; promotes lymphangiogenesis, aiding tumor cell spread; and alters the tumor microenvironment (TME) to support dormant tumor cells, enhancing their reactivation and colonization. Furthermore, e-cig induce significant epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which regulate genes involved in metastasis. Our data suggest that e-cig upregulate histone demethylases like KDM6B in macrophages, impacting the TME and promoting metastasis. These findings underscore the need for further research to understand the long-term health implications of e-cig use and inform public health policies to reduce e-cig use.
Success and Failure of Compositional Generalization in Distributional Models of Language
Authors: Mao Shufan , Huebner Philip , Willits Jon
Published: October 2024

Are distributional learning mechanisms capable of complex linguistic inferencesrequiring compositional generalization? This question has become contentious withthe development of large language models, which mimic human language abilities inmany ways, but which struggle with compositional generalization. We investigateda set of qualitatively different distributional models (word co-occurrence models,graphical models, recurrent neural networks, and transformers), by training themon a carefully controlled artificial language containing combinatorial dependenciesinvolving multiple words, and then testing them on novel sequences containingdistributionally overlapping combinatorial dependencies. In this work, we show thatgraphical network models and transformer models, but not co-occurrence space modelsand recurrent neural networks, were able to perform compositional generalization.The work demonstrates that some distributional models can perform compositionalgeneralization, and their success or failure turns on their ability of the models torepresenting words both individually and as a part of the phrases in which theyparticipated.
Enhancing Inclusion, Equity, and Access: An Analysis of Higher Education Policies in Nepal
Authors: Rawal Devendra
Published: October 2024

Higher education is the backbone for the human resource development which are crucial for the economic and socio-cultural development of any country. Unlike other sector, higher education is imperative not only for the welfare of the human beings but also fundamental for nation building through innovation in areas that concern the society. The aim of this paper is to critically analyze the policy arrangements of higher education in Nepal and its impact on enhancing inclusion, equity and access. Adopting Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) research method which is combined with policy review, it is found that though commendable efforts by the government and the commission have been continuing, the issues of access, equity, and inclusion remain still lacking in some areas. Therefore, more policy and programmatic actions are necessary for improvement the situation. If the policy recommendations outlined above are seriously considered by the Government of Nepal, the commission, universities, and other relevant bodies, it is possible to further promote and improve the state of access, equity, and inclusion in Nepal’s higher education.
Computational Methods of Ruin Probability: Actuarial Comparison of De-Vylder and Tijim’s Models
Authors: Ogungbenle Gbenga Michael , Adelaja Solomon , Chakfa Alfred Timzing
Published: October 2024

The underwriting operation of insurance firms is to assume the risk of the insured in return of premium received. In order to shield itself against extreme losses and avoid the risk of insolvency, it becomes necessary to examine how the portfolio is expected to perform over a long-time horizon. The surplus process is connected with the excess of the premium received over claims outgo of the insurer’s portfolio to enable it predict the level at which the insurer could survive. When the surplus approaches a defined lower limit irrespective of the initial reserve, then the insurer is ruined. The probability of ruin apparently defines the volatility embedded in underwriting process as a useful tool of risk measurement in long range planning of premium rate. This paper is anchored on the following objectives: solve the adjustment co-efficient using the moment generating function, compute the De-Vylder’s ruin, compute the Tijim’s ruin approximation and then compare the two. Although it was verified that as the initial capital increases, the probability of ruin decreases under the two models, computational evidence from our results in tables 2 and 3 shows that the Tijim’s approximation to ruin probability is higher than the De-Vylder’s approximation at the same level of initial capital and safety loading. The implication is that the De-Vylder’s approximation to ruin probabilities is an improvement over Tijim’s ruin model and hence De-Vylder’s approximation is recommended for the insurer’s ruin assessment
Sero-epidemiological Study of Japanese Encephalitis in Some Selected Hospitals of Nepal
Authors: Pant Krishna Prasad , Lekhak Binod , Pun Ramesh , Pandey Basu Dev
Published: October 2024

Japanese encephalitis is a major public health problem in Nepal, about 1000-3000 cases and 200-300 deaths reported annually, mainly in endemic areas and sporadic cases have also been reported from non-endemic areas such as Kathmandu. The diagnosis of JE is based on clinical signs and symptoms. This study was conducted in some hospitals of Nepal to find the epidemiological trend of the disease. Serological surveys have revealed that about 10 % of people living in JE endemic areas are infected with the virus, most of whom are infected before age 15. This type of study is essential to be carried out in our country to know the seroepidemiology of the JE virus. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, and 267 serum samples from suspected Acute Encephalitis Syndrome and viral fever cases were collected from three different hospitals in Nepal. The results were confirmed by an IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of 267 serum samples, 242(90.6%) were clinical suspects of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome, and 25(9.4%) were clinical suspects of viral fever. Of 267 cases, 84(34.7%) Acute Encephalitis Syndrome cases and nine (36.0%) viral fever cases were positive for anti-Japanese encephalitis virus IgM antibodies. The seropositivity was higher in males 60(39.9%) than in females 33 (29.2%). Out of the total positive cases, the highest seropositivity (40.2%) was observed in the age group 15-50, and the least (25.0%) was observed in the age group above 50. Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital accounts for highest seropositivity (36.6%) and the least (32.2%) in Bheri Zonal Hospital. The overall seropositivity rate was found to be 34.8% which was higher than the national data (21.6%). This study reports that the seropositivity was higher than national figure and the seroepidemiology pattern of JE has changed, indicating a need for urgent intervention. Diagnostic facilities should be expanded in every hospital in the endemic region of Japanese Encephalitis for better surveillance.
Economic Assessment of Tuta Absoluta Effect on Tomato Production in East Nawalparasi
Authors: Pandey Prem , Kattel Rishi Ram , Timilsina Ram Hari , Pandey Ashish
Published: October 2024

Tuta absoluta is an invasive and highly destructive pest of tomato plants, originated in South America, specifically Peru. It has the capability to infest and cause extensive damage to large areas of cultivated tomato fields, as well as other plants in the solanaceous family. This study aims to assess the economic analysis of effect of Tuta absoluta on tomato production. The study was carried out in Kawasoti municipality, Madhyabindu municipality, and Hupsekot rural municipality of East Nawalparasi district of Nepal. They were selected purposively as research sites as the problem of Tuta was more prominent in these localities. Ninety households that were involved in tomato cultivation were selected through the simple random sampling method for the survey. The primary data were collected through individual respondents through pre-tested questionnaires, face-to-face questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics, scaling & indexing were used to analyze the data. Most of the farmers cultivated tomatoes in open fields (68.8%) only whereas 26.6% of farmers cultivated in plastic tunnels. The insect pest problem was ranked as the first major problem of farmers. The study revealed that all of the farmers had problems with Tuta in their tomato fields. The minimum yield loss due to Tuta absoluta was 10% and the maximum loss was 80%. The total variable cost (T.V.C) for tomato production in one kathha is NRs. 11210. Average production of tomato per kathha was 550 kg. Gross return and gross margin from tomato cultivation in 1 kathhaare NRs. 16500 with Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.64. The average loss of tomatoes per kathha was 72 kg. Only 20 % of the farmers had knowledge regarding the life cycle Tuta absoluta. The most affected stage by Tuta was the flowering stage. This study suggests that effective management of Tuta absoluta can substantially improve tomato production.
Women in Sidhwa’s An American Brat: A Gynocentric Perspective
Authors: Gautam Mani Bhadra
Published: October 2024

Bapsi Sidhwa’s novel An American Brat collects narratives of insulted and injured people, especially the women, who are victim of the distorted cultural shifts. Sidhwa, in this novel, exposes the pain and suffering of women through the experiences and memories of Feroza. She was humiliated from numbers of people and one among them is an American officer’s rudeness who forced to marry with her uncle Manek. He threatened to take a legal action if they live together without marriage. She faces the numbers of challenges in America and she has to reach up to the decision of being back to Lahore in Pakistan where she could feel safe. The objective of this paper is to show the difficulties to adjust in the new cultural values that one cannot adopt easily. Finding of this paper is that it is better to be flexible ourselves if we shift to the new geographical location and the new cultural practices zone. Cultural rigidity is a main cause of human suffering. The novel is studied from gynocentric perspective and this paper is prepared in qualitative method of women cantered study. Theoretical support is taken from Gaur, Menon, Bhasin, Das and Butalia to explore how cultural rigidity can create problem in this global world.
Women and Nature in the Margin: An Ecofeminist Analysis of Parijat’s Shirishko Phool [Blue Mimosa]
Authors: Awasthi Prabeen Kumar
Published: October 2024

This research paper explores the multifaceted themes of women’s and nature’s subordination in Parijat’s seminal Nepali novel, Shirishko Phool [Blue Mimosa]. Recognized as a cornerstone of Nepali literature, this work serves as a poignant critique of patriarchal and anthropocentric societal structures that marginalize both women and the environment. Through an ecofeminist and literary analysis, this study explores how Parijat intricately weaves together the fate of her female protagonist with the degradation of nature, emphasizing the interconnectedness of these forms of subjugation. Employing a qualitative methodology, this paper utilizes thematic analysis to unravel the layered narrative and symbolism embedded within the text. The findings illuminate Parijat’s critique of societal norms perpetuating these forms of subordination, while also advocating for a more harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and between men and women. The analysis underscores the significance of Shirishko Phool as not only a literary masterpiece but also a call to action for gender and environmental justice in Nepali society, and beyond.
नेपालको संविधानमा न्याय व्यवस्था
Authors: लिम्बू विष्णुकुमार
Published: October 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख नेपालको संविधानमा न्याय व्यवस्था के-कस्तो रहेको छ भन्ने विषयको अध्ययन तथा विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको रहेको छ । यसमा सामग्रीको सब्कलन पुस्तकालय कार्यबाट गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनका लागि नेपालको संविधानलाई प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा ग्रहण गरी न्याय व्यवस्थाका सम्बन्धमा लेखिएका पुस्तक तथा लेखहरूलाई द्वितीयक सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ । शक्तिपृथकीकरणको सिद्धान्तलाई आधार बनाई नेपालको संविधानमा उल्लिखित न्याय व्यवस्थाका बारेमा अध्ययन तथा विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्ष निकालिएको हुँदा यसमा निगमनात्मक विधि अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । यो अनुसन्धान व्यवहारवादी सिद्धान्त (प्राग्माटिजम) मा आधारित छ । व्यववहारवादी सिद्धान्तले आदर्श कुरालाई भन्दा लागु हुन सक्ने व्यवहारमा जोड दिन्छ । व्यवहारवादी सिद्धान्तले मानव अनभु व र प्रयोगहरूलाई बढी महत्व दिन्छ । यस अध्ययनबाट नेपालको संविधानले शक्तिपृथकीकरणको सिद्धान्तअनुसार स्वतन्त्र र सक्षम न्याय प्रणालीका साथै सब्घीय प्रणालीअनुसार एकीकृत र मिश्रित न्याय व्यवस्था लागु गरेको निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।
रूपन्देही जिल्लाका थारू समुदायमा प्रचलित सीताविवाह लोकनाटकका पात्रको भूमिकागत विश्लेषण
Authors: Sharma Mukunda
Published: October 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख रूपन्देही जिल्लाका थारू समदुायमा प्रचलित सीताविवाह लोकनाटकका पात्रको भूमिकागत विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । रूपन्देही जिल्ला हालको राज्य संरचनाअनुसार लुम्बिनी प्रदेशअन्तर्गत तराई भूभागमा पर्ने एउटा प्रशासनिक क्षेत्रको नाम हो । यस जिल्लामा विभिन्न समुदायको बसोबास रहेको छ तापनि सांस्कृतिक सम्पन्नता र निरन्तरताका दृष्टिले थारू समुदाय नै मुख्य पर्दछ । यस समुदायको आफ्नै भाषा, संस्कृति, रीतिरिवाज, परम्परा, साहित्य र लोकसाहित्य छ । लोकसाहित्यका विभिन्न विधाहरू यस समुदायमा प्रचलित देखिन्छन् जसमध्ये सीताविवाह लोकनाटक पनि पर्दछ । यसको विषयवस्तु रामकथासँग सम्बन्धित रहेको छ जसको प्रस्तुति थारू संस्कृतिअनुसार स्थानीय थारू भाषामा नै गर्ने गरिन्छ । यस नाटकको प्रस्तुति साजसज्जायुक्त मञ्चमा गाथा गायक र वाद्यवादक टोली एकातर्फ र अभिनयकर्ता पात्रहरू भूमिका अनुकूलकै पहिरनमा सजिई गीत, कविता, मुक्तक तथा गद्य र संवादका माध्यमबाट गरिन्छ । त्यसैले यसमा पात्रहरूको बाहुल्य पाइन्छ । यी पात्रहरूलाई विभिन्न आधारमा विश्लेषण गर्न सकिन्छ तापनि यस आलेखमा भने पात्रको भूमिकाका आधारमा भूमिकागत विश्लेषण गरिएको छ ।
नासो कथासङ्ग्रहमा मनोविज्ञान
Authors: Lamsal Madhab
Published: October 2024

नासो कथासङ्ग्रहमा मनोविज्ञान शीर्षकमा तयार परिएको प्रस्तुत लेखको प्रयोजन नेपाली साहित्यको खोज र अनुसन्धानमा टेवा पुर्याउनु रहेको छ । नासो कथासङ्ग्रहमा समाविष्ट विषयवस्तुको चिनारी दिने र विषयवस्तुको आधारमा नासो कथासङ्ग्रहको विश्लेषण गर्ने उद्देश्यका साथ यो लेख तयार पारिएको छ । प्राथमिक स्रोतका तथ्याङ्क तथा सामग्री सङ्कलनका लागि विषयवस्तु विश्लेषण अध्ययन शोधपद्धति र द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्री सङ्कलनका लागि विषयवस्तु विश्लेषण अध्ययन शोधपद्धति अँगालिएको यस लेखमा मनोविश्लेषणको परम्परागत सिद्धान्तलाई उपयोग गरिएको छ । यो विश्लेषणात्मक ढाँचाको अध्ययन भएको हुनाले यसमा वर्णनात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धतिको उपयोग गरिएको छ । यस कथासङ्ग्रहमा सामाजिक चालचलन, रीतिनीति, विकृति, विसङ्गति विरह, व्यथा, प्रेम–प्रणय, शोषण–उत्पीडन, प्रवृत्ति, सामान्य मनोविज्ञान, यौनपरक मनोविज्ञान, बाल– मनोविज्ञान, सामाजिक यथार्थता विषयवस्तु प्रयोग गरिएकाले गुरूप्रसाद मैनाली सामाजिक आदर्शोन्मख यथार्थवादी कथाकार हुनाका साथै उनका कथाहरूमा यौनपरक मनोविज्ञान र यौनेतर मनोविज्ञान पनि पाइने वस्तु–तथ्यलाई यस प्रलेखमा पुष्टि गर्ने उद्देश्य राखिएको छ ।
शैक्षणिक योजनाको कार्यान्वयन
Authors: Dahal Rita
Published: October 2024

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन शिक्षण सिकाइ कार्यकलापलाई व्यवस्थित बनाउन प्रयोगमा ल्याइने शैक्षणिक योजनासँग सम्बन्धित रहेको छ । सामुदायिक विद्यालयमा शैक्षिक प्रशासन र कक्षाकोठाको पठनपाठनलाई प्रभावकारी बनाउँन प्रचलनमा रहेका शैक्षणिक योजनाको कार्यान्वयनको अवस्थाका बारेमा अनुसन्धान गर्नु यस कार्यको उद्देश्य रहेको छ । प्रस्तुत शोधकार्य गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान अन्तर्गत फेनोमेनोलोजी विधिका माध्यमबाट अगाडि बढाइएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा प्राथमिक स्रोतका सामग्रीबाट तथ्य सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । शोधकर्ता स्वयम्को स्थलगत उपस्थितिमा तथ्य सङ्कलन गर्नका लागि असंरचित प्रश्नावली निर्माण गरी अनौपचारिक अन्तर्वार्ता लिइएको छ । प्राप्त तथ्यलाई लिप्यान्तरण गरी कोडिङ, क्याटागोराइज गरेर थिम निर्माण गरी उक्त थिमको प्रशासक नेपाली कक्षा शिक्षक र सहभागी प्रतिनिधि विद्यार्थीबाट प्राप्त अनुभवका आधारमा विश्लेषण गर्नुका साथै स्किनरको स्थापित सिद्वान्तले थप स्पष्ट पारिएको छ । यस अनुसन्धानका लागि छनोट गरिएको नमुना विद्यालयमा शैक्षणिक योजनाको कार्यान्वयनको अवस्था कस्तो रहेको छ भनि अध्ययन गर्न मन्थली न.पा.१ मा अवस्थित नागकन्या माध्यमिक विद्यालयलाई लिएर शैक्षणिक योजनाको प्रयोग व्यवहारलाई हेरिएको छ । यस अनुसन्धानबाट उक्त विद्यालयमा प्रधानाध्यापकद्वारा वार्षिक कार्यतालिका बनाएको, एकाइ योजना प्रयोगमा नरहेको र निर्धारित ढाँचामा नै पाठयोजना नबनाएपनि टिपोटपत्र बनाएर कक्षा शिक्षण गर्ने गरेको प्राप्त तथ्यको आधारमा निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । योजना बनाएर शैक्षिक गतिविधिहरू सञ्चालन गर्दा पाठनपाठन सुचारु गर्न सहज भएको र कक्षाकोठाको शिक्षणसिकाइमा पनि के पढाउने भन्ने द्विविधा नहुने र विद्यार्थीसँग सम्बन्धित सम्पूर्ण कार्यकलापहरू सञ्चालन गर्न सहज भएको कुरा यस अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त भएको छ ।
Dimensional Perspectives of Human Resource Development
Authors: Chaudhary Kanun Lal
Published: October 2024

Human Resource Management (HRM) is a collective term for all the formal systems created to help in managing employees and other stakeholders within an organization. It is tasked with four main functions, namely, the recruitment, utilization, development and motivation of employees. Ideally, the role of HRM is to find the best way to increase the productivity of an organization through its employees. Until recently, an organisation’s human resource department was categorized in the lower rungs. This is surprising considering the crucial role that this department plays in replenishing and nourishing an organization’s resources. It has transformed significantly from the task-oriented nature of administration it used to be in the 1980s. It is now viewed as a strategy-focused extension of every organisation. This department thrives on specific principles, such as commitment and competence, Another core function of HRM is employee orientation and development. Orientation is the process of teaching new recruits the necessary skills, knowledge, and behaviors so that they can transition to the new organisation effectively. Employee orientation is a broad process conducted by the HR department, and it’s done through different methods, including lectures, meetings, videos, mentoring, and team-building exercises. The main objective of the orientation is to provide new recruits with adequate information regarding the organisation’s targets, rules, policies, and activities. Employee development refers to all the efforts for improving individual, team, and organizational effectiveness. One aspect the human resource department tackles is talent development. This involves aligning the employees’ skills with the organisation’s needs. In addition to hiring, training, and orienting employees, HRM should alsoimprove their career opportunities.
Assessment of fishing gears, crafts, and socio-economic status of the Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) fishers’ community near the Meghna River, Bangladesh
Authors: Anny Fatematuzzahara , Sheikh Aslam Hossain , Majumdar Bhaskar Chandra , Rasul Md. Golam , Khan Murshida , Haque Farhana , Shah A.K.M. Azad
Published: October 2024

An evaluation was conducted to assess the current state of fishing gears, crafts, and socio-economic aspects among the Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha Hamilton, 1822) fishers communities residing along the Meghna River region in Gazaria and Munshiganj Sadar Upazila, located in the district of Munshiganj, Bangladesh. About 150 fishers were interviewed using pre-tested questionnaires from selected areas from July 2019 to June 2020, and the data that was obtained was analysed using appropriate statistical tools. The methods employed for Hilsa fishing included the use of drift gill nets (known as Ilish jal, Fash jal, and Poa jal) and seine nets (referred to as Jagat ber jal), while the crafts utilised were Chandi boat and Donga. Most fishers were 31-40 years old (53.33%) in Ismanirchar and (46.67%) in Kalirchar village. Many fishers were Hindus (80%) in Ismanirchar and Muslims (96%) in Kalirchar. Regarding educational level, 69.33% and 70.67% of fishers in Ismanirchar and Kalirchar can only sign, respectively. Semi-earthen toilets were the primary type of sanitary facilities found in the area. Approximately half of the fishers residing in the two villages owned land ranging from 0 to 15 decimals. A significant portion, around 80%, relied on loans from non-governmental organisations (NGOs), while the remaining fishers obtained financial assistance from their neighbours. Hilsa fishing was found to be the main occupation in the study area. The fishers' income increased from September to November and March to May. The primary issues identified included extortion from local criminal groups, insufficient access to credit, absence of proper storage facilities, ongoing conflicts between professional and non-professional fishers, as well as tensions between Muslim and Hindu fishers. To improve their socio-economic situation and ensure sustainable livelihoods, fishers require more institutional support, better organisation, enhanced technical assistance, and increased access to credit.
Technical overview of the main types, designs, and materials of brake pads for mobile agricultural machinery
Authors: Zagurskiy Andrew
Published: October 2024

Brake pads are a critical element of any machine, as they directly affect the safety of its use. Accordingly, the quality of brake pads, their resistance, and durability are key aspects that must be considered when developing braking systems for mobile agricultural machinery. The purpose of this study was to review scientific sources related to the study of the tribological properties of brake pads, their operating modes, and friction materials included in brake linings. The main parameters affecting the efficiency of brake pads were analysed and the main criteria for selecting materials for brake pads of mobile agricultural machinery were defined, namely, wear resistance, temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. Accordingly, the materials used in the production of brake pads for such equipment must be capable of operating under any conditions, have high thermal conductivity, help reduce the wear rate, have a stable friction coefficient, and be environmentally friendly. The study focused on an overview of the types and design of brake pads, their systematisation by various features (by purpose; by design features; by friction material composition; by the presence of wear sensors) and composition (semi-metallic, non-asbestos organic, and ceramic). The study described modern components of friction materials for brake linings and found that they are usually composites formed by hot pressing coarse powders, which include many different components: a binder (thermosetting phenolic resins, often with rubber added), structural materials (metal, carbon, glass, and/or Kevlar fibres), fillers (mica and vermiculite), and friction additives (graphite and various metal sulphides). The study also assessed the main characteristics of friction material components used in the manufacture of brake linings. The findings of this study can provide researchers and scientists with useful information on the types and design of brake pads and the main materials used in the manufacture of brake linings and be useful for further practical development of braking mechanisms
Development of a mathematical model of stabilisation of device for small-sized cargo transportation
Authors: Loveikin Viatcheslav , Romasevych Yuriy , Zarivny Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation of small-sized cargo. The purpose of this study was to build a mathematical model of the dynamics of stabilisation of device for small-sized cargo transportation. For this, the equations of motion of the system were formulated in the form of a system of second order Lagrange differential equations of the second kind. A grey box approach was used to determine the unknown coefficients of the equations of motion. To implement the approach, an optimisation criterion was constructed that reflected the parameters of the root-mean-square and maximum absolute errors of the differences between theoretical and experimental data of the tilt angle and angular velocity of the device. A modified Ring-Rot-PSO particle swarm method was used to minimise the criterion. The unknown parameters of the device model were found, and the adequacy of the obtained mathematical model was assessed by individual components of the criterion, which proved the adequacy of the obtained mathematical model. To find the unknown parameters, namely the coefficients of the equation of motion of the device, a grey box approach was applied. For this, experimental studies of the device stabilisation were performed, and the difference function was formed as an objective function of theoretical, obtained based on analytical equations of motion and experimental data. The objective function was minimised using the modified particle swarm method Ring-Rot-PSO. As a result of the optimisation, the unknown parameters of the system were obtained: the moments of inertia of the frame I1c = 5.52·10-4 kg·m² and the wheel Iwc = 2.75·10-3 kg·m², the wheel mass mw = 3.31·10-1 kg. These data allowed obtaining an adequate mathematical model model of the stabilisation of the device, which underlies further solving of the problem of synthesising optimal control of its motion
Recognition of organic camouflage using neural networks
Authors: Dudnyk A. , Shvorov S. , Opryshko O. , Pasichnyk N. , Kysliak O.
Published: October 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly important for military operations, including reconnaissance, providing battlefield support, and performing a variety of missions. The possibility of attacking targets using a group of UAVs increases the relevance of protection measures, in particular, camouflage. The literature review highlights the experience of using UAVs in military spheres of activity and their high efficiency in reconnaissance and support on the battlefield. Visual orientation on the terrain using high-resolution images was considered as a priority direction of UAV navigation in the conditions of the operation of electronic warfare tools. On the basis of hybrid convolutional neural networks, hardware for working with the UAV platform is serially produced. It is suggested to use vines for masking stationary objects due to their rapid growth and the corresponding quality/cost ratio. The purpose of the work is to check the effectiveness of masking small objects using herbaceous and spindly plants in relation to the prospects of their identification by optical means. The research was conducted using our own data obtained from UAVs in the visible range on experimental fields and the botanical garden of NUBiP of Ukraine and on pictures of buildings from the Internet. It has been experimentally established that the variety of shapes, sizes and structures of vegetation complicates the recognition process for convolutional neural networks. The appearance of plants can change significantly depending on the angle of photography, lighting and the state of mineral nutrition. Organic camouflage in the form of grasses and vines can completely or partially hide buildings and structures, changing their brightness and contour. This can obscure details and increase the risk of false object recognition. For example, structures covered with Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom. vines were correctly recognized only 27% of the time using a neural network. Convolutional neural networks require a large amount of data to train if the goal is to achieve high accuracy. However, if data with vine-covered objects is limited or unavailable, the training process may be insufficient, which may affect the network's ability to accurately recognize such objects.
Resistance measurement using Whitson's unbalanced measuring bridge
Authors: Zibalov D.
Published: October 2024

The Wheatstone measuring bridge is one of the types of measuring bridge circuits and is used to measure resistance. The bridge was invented by Samuel Christie who created it in 1833 and was later improved by Charles Whitson in 1843.

The purpose of the study is to check how the change in the supply voltage of the Whitson measuring bridge in the balanced state affects the value of the measured resistance, and to derive and verify the formula for calculating the resistance in the unbalanced bridge mode.

To carry out research in a balanced mode, it is necessary to create a circuit of a Whitson bridge with a power source in the simulator of electronic circuits. When changing the supply voltage, check whether the readings of the voltmeter will change. To simplify the bridge balancing procedure, measurements are carried out in unbalanced mode. To do this, it is necessary to derive the formula for calculating the unknown resistance and check the calculated values with the resistance values obtained during modeling in the electronic simulator.

The obtained results in the unbalanced mode will allow you to determine how the change in the voltage of the power source affects the value of the measured resistance. The calculation of the unknown resistance in the unbalanced mode will reduce the time for the measurement and will enable the use of microcontroller circuits to process the measurement result. A formula was derived by which the value of the resistance measured in the unbalanced mode can be calculated, and the obtained result was verified in the Falstad circuit simulator.

The proposed method of resistance measurement using the Whitson bridge in unbalanced mode will increase the speed of measurement of unknown resistance and will enable the use of microcontroller processing of the measurement result.