bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of skin firmness by the DynaSKIN, a novel non‐contact compression device, and its use in revealing the efficacy of a skincare regimen featuring a novel anti‐ageing ingredient, acetyl aspartic acid
Authors: Kearney E. M. , Messaraa C. , Grennan G. , Koeller G. , Mavon A. , Merinville E.
Published: August 2016

Background

One of the key strategies for anti‐ageing in the cosmetics industry today is to target the structural changes responsible for ptosis of the skin, given its impact on age perception. Several objective and non‐invasive methods are available to characterise the biomechanical properties of the skin, which are operator‐dependent, involving skin contact and providing single‐dimensional numerical descriptions of skin behaviour. The research introduces the DynaSKIN, a device using non‐contact mechanical pressure in combination with fringe projection to quantify and visualise the skin response in 3‐dimensions. We examine the age correlation of the measurements, how they compare with the Cutometer®, and measure skin dynamics following application of a skincare regimen containing established anti‐ageing ingredients.

Methods

DynaSKIN and Cutometer® measurements were made on the cheek of 80 Caucasian women (18–64 years). DynaSKIN volume, mean depth and maximum depth parameters were correlated with age and 15 Cutometer® parameters. Subsequently, the firming efficacy of a skincare regimen featuring acetyl aspartic acid (AAA) and a peptide complex was examined in a cohort of 41 volunteers.

Results

DynaSKIN volume, mean depth and maximum depth parameters correlate with age and the Cutometer® parameters that are associated with the skin relaxation phase (R1, R2, R4, R5, R7 and F3). Furthermore, the DynaSKIN captured significant improvements in skin firmness delivered by the skincare regimen.

Conclusion

The DynaSKIN is a novel device capable of capturing skin biomechanics at a high level of specificity and successfully detected the firming properties of a skincare regimen. Its independent measuring principle, consumer relevance and skin firmness 3D visualisation capabilities bring objectivity and novelty to product efficacy substantiation evaluation.
Functional characterization of Arabidopsis phototropin 1 in the hypocotyl apex
Authors: Sullivan Stuart , Takemiya Atsushi , Kharshiing Eros , Cloix Catherine , Shimazaki Ken‐ichiro , Christie John M.
Published: August 2016

Phototropin (phot1) is a blue light‐activated plasma membrane‐associated kinase that acts as the principal photoreceptor for shoot phototropism in Arabidopsis in conjunction with the signalling component Non‐Phototropic Hypocotyl 3 (NPH3). PHOT1 is uniformly expressed throughout the Arabidopsis hypocotyl, yet decapitation experiments have localized the site of light perception to the upper hypocotyl. This prompted us to investigate in more detail the functional role of the hypocotyl apex, and the regions surrounding it, in establishing phototropism. We used a non‐invasive approach where PHOT1–GFP (P1–GFP) expression was targeted to the hypocotyl apex of the phot‐deficient mutant using the promoters of CUP‐SHAPED COTYLEDON 3 (CUC3) and AINTEGUMENTA (ANT). Expression of CUC3::P1–GFP was clearly visible at the hypocotyl apex, with weaker expression in the cotyledons, whereas ANT::P1–GFP was specifically targeted to the developing leaves. Both lines showed impaired curvature to 0.005 μmol m−2 sec−1 unilateral blue light, indicating that regions below the apical meristem are necessary for phototropism. Curvature was however apparent at higher fluence rates. Moreover, CUC3::P1–GFP partially or fully complemented petiole positioning, leaf flattening and chloroplast accumulation, but not stomatal opening. Yet, tissue analysis of NPH3 de‐phosphorylation showed that CUC3::P1–GFP and ANT::P1–GFP mis‐express very low levels of phot1 that likely account for this responsiveness. Our spatial targeting approach therefore excludes the hypocotyl apex as the site for light perception for phototropism and shows that phot1‐mediated NPH3 de‐phosphorylation is tissue autonomous and occurs more prominently in the basal hypocotyl.
Correction of prasugrel‐related bleeding by prophylactic transfusion of human platelets in a rabbit model
Authors: Bonhomme Fanny , Godier Anne , Samama Charles Marc , Lecompte Thomas , Fontana Pierre
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Prasugrel provides rapid and intense inhibition of platelet aggregation combined with an increased risk of bleeding. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of platelet transfusion to reduce blood loss after a prasugrel loading dose in a rabbit model.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Thirty‐five rabbits were randomized into five groups: “control” (saline plus physiological buffer), “no‐transfusion” (prasugrel plus physiological buffer), “platelet low dose” (prasugrel loading dose plus transfusion with a platelet count increase <80 × 109/L), “platelet intermediate dose” (prasugrel loading dose plus transfusion with a platelet count increase 80‐120 × 109/L), and “platelet high dose” (prasugrel loading dose plus transfusion with a platelet count increase ≥120 × 109/L). Naïve, washed human platelets in physiological buffer were transfused before bleeding was induced. Sequentially, a stenosis and an injury were carried out on the carotid artery to induce cyclic thrombotic occlusions. Ultimately, liver sections were performed to evaluate the primary endpoint of blood loss monitored for 15 minutes.

RESULTS

Blood loss in the “control” group was 3.16 g/kg (inerquartile range [IQR] [4.79‐9.15]) and was increased in the “no‐transfusion” group to 6.15 g/kg (IQR [4.79‐9.15]; p < 0.02). There was a gradual trend across the three transfusion groups toward less bleeding, and the highest dose of platelet transfusion significantly decreased prasugrel‐induced blood loss (3.05 g/kg; IQR [2.55‐3.56]; p = 0.006). Platelet aggregation was significantly but only partially restored in the latter group. Regarding safety, platelet transfusion was not associated with an increase in thrombotic events regardless of the dose.

CONCLUSIONS

In this animal model, platelet transfusion aiming for a platelet count increase of at least 120 × 109/L was necessary to correct prasugrel‐related bleeding.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of a gel containing antimicrobial peptide AMP2041, chlorhexidine digluconate and Tris‐EDTA on clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from canine otitis
Authors: Ghibaudo Giovanni , Santospirito Davide , Sala Andrea , Flisi Sara , Taddei Simone , Cavirani Sandro , Cabassi Clotilde Silvia
Published: August 2016

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) may cause suppurative otitis externa with severe inflammation and ulceration in dogs. Multidrug resistance is commonly reported for this organism, creating a difficult therapeutic challenge.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a gel containing 0.5 μg/mL of antimicrobial peptide AMP2041, 0.07% chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX), 0.4% Tris and 0.1% EDTA on 30 clinical isolates of PA from canine otitis externa.

Materials and Methods

Antimicrobial activity was evaluated through minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Standardized bacterial suspensions were incubated with different concentrations of the gel at 37°C for 30 min and plated for colony forming unit (CFU) counts. Time‐to‐kill kinetics were evaluated with the undiluted product and at MBC for each PA strain at 30 s, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 min, 24 and 48 h.

Results

The MBC was 1:64 for two of 30 strains, 1:128 for 15 of 30 strains and 1:256 for 13 of 30 strains. The geometric mean was 1:165, equivalent to a concentration of 0.003 μg/mL AMP2041 + 0.0004% CLX + 0.0024%Tris + 0.0006% EDTA. Time‐to‐kill assays with the undiluted product showed complete bactericidal effect within 30 s for all isolates, whereas at the MBC this effect was reached within 5 min for 20 of 30 isolates and within 30 min for all isolates. Bactericidal activity was maintained after 48 h for all isolates.

Conclusion

This gel has shown rapid, complete and long‐lasting activity against a panel of 30 PA isolates from cases of canine otitis externa.
Cell size and nucleo‐cytoplasmic ratios of meibocytes in the anterior acini of the upper eyelid Meibomian glands in rabbits
Authors: Doughty Michael J.
Published: August 2016

Objective

To assess the morphological details of the acini of the normal meibomian gland.

Animals Studied

Six young adult pigmented rabbits.

Methods

The upper eyelid was prepared in extended configuration by glutaraldehyde fixation. Tissue block sections approximately 0.5–1 mm from the eyelid margin were assessed by light microscopy in sagittal sections and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in coronal sections. TEM images at between 1000× and 2000× magnification were enlarged onto A3‐sized prints and cell size and nuclei measured by planimetry.

Results

Light microscopy sagittal sections revealed clusters of variable sized acini, sometimes appearing to be slightly overlapping and without any obvious spatial organization of the internal cells (meibocytes). The estimated areas of the acini were close to 6500 sq micron. Coronal sections, as examined by TEM, allowed for visualization of small to large acini (average diameter 82 ± 17 microns, with an estimated area of 5500 sq. microns) containing variable numbers of immature (partly differentiated) or mature (fully differentiated) meibocytes with a distinct spatial organization. The average area of the meibocytes was 158 ± 81 square microns, and they usually appeared to have a single nucleus (with an average sectional area of 29 ± 12 square microns). Within individual acini, peripherally located immature meibocytes tended to be smaller and have higher nucleo‐cytoplasmic area ratios, while more centrally mature located meibocytes tended to be slightly larger and had lower or much lower nucleocytoplasmic ratios.

Conclusions

Comparative studies on meibomian glands can be undertaken with objective assessments to assess for normality or abnormality.
Fly ash particles as a filter material in on‐site wastewater treatment systems for total phosphorus reduction
Authors: Ahmedi Figene , Pelivanoski Petko
Published: August 2016

In this paper, a simple filter model is used to determine the utility of fly ash fraction for total phosphorus reduction. Fly ash, which is introduced in this work, is a fraction of natural fly ash of particle size greater than 0.3 mm, and is used as a media filter material to reduce the total phosphorus concentration in wastewater. The results of a single snapshot sample indicate that fly ash fraction can hold wastewater due to its high specific surface area and release the final treated effluent at an appropriate level in terms of total phosphorus concentration. The physical and hydraulic characteristics and also the chemical composition of this fly ash fraction, and then the results of a single snapshot sample encourage both towards considering the material for total phosphorus reduction. Furthermore, this study proposes the valorization of fly ash waste material and its application as media filter for total phosphorus reduction.
Treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus with autologous collagen-induced chondrogenesis: clinical and magnetic resonance evaluation at one-year follow-up
Authors: Usuelli Federico , Grassi Miriam , Manzi Luigi , Guarrella Vincenzo , Boga Michele , De Girolamo Laura
Published: August 2016

Purpose: the aim of this study is to report the clinical and imaging results recorded by a series of patients in whom osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) were repaired using the autologous collagen-induced chondrogenesis (ACIC) technique with a completely arthroscopic approach.

Methods: nine patients (mean age 37.4±10 years) affected by OLTs (lesion size 2.1±0.9 cm2) were treated with the ACIC technique. The patients were evaluated clinically both preoperatively and at 12 months after surgery using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS) and a visual analog scale (VAS). For morphological evaluation, the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score was used.

Results: the AOFAS score improved from 51.4±11.6 preoperatively to 71.8±20.6 postoperatively, while the VAS value decreased from 6.9±1.8 to 3.2±1.9. The mean MOCART score was 51.7±16.6 at 12 months of follow-up; these scores did not directly correlate with the clinical results.

Conclusions: use of the ACIC technique for arthroscopic repair of OLTs allowed satisfactory clinical results to be obtained in most of the patients as soon as one year after surgery, with no major complications or delayed revision surgery. ACIC is a valid and lowinvasive surgical technique for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects of the talus.

Level of evidence: therapeutic case series, level IV.
Evaluation of RSA set-up from a clinical biplane fluoroscopy system for 3D joint kinematic analysis
Authors: Bonanzinga Tommaso , Signorelli Cecilia , Bontempi Marco , Russo Alessandro , Zaffagnini Stefano , Marcacci Maurilio , Bragonzoni Laura
Published: August 2016

Purpose: dinamic roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA), a technique currently based only on customized radiographic equipment, has been shown to be a very accurate method for detecting threedimensional (3D) joint motion. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the applicability of an innovative RSA set-up for in vivo knee kinematic analysis, using a biplane fluoroscopic image system. To this end, the Authors describe the set-up as well as a possible protocol for clinical knee joint evaluation. The accuracy of the kinematic measurements is assessed.

Methods: the Authors evaluated the accuracy of 3D kinematic analysis of the knee in a new RSA set-up, based on a commercial biplane fluoroscopy system integrated into the clinical environment. The study was organized in three main phases: an in vitro test under static conditions, an in vitro test under dynamic conditions reproducing a flexion-extension range of motion (ROM), and an in vivo analysis of the flexionextension ROM. For each test, the following were calculated, as an indication of the tracking accuracy: mean, minimum, maximum values and standard deviation of the error of rigid body fitting.

Results: in terms of rigid body fitting, in vivo test errors were found to be 0.10±0.05 mm. Phantom tests in static and kinematic conditions showed precision levels, for translations and rotations, of below 0.1 mm/0.2º and below 0.5 mm/0.3º respectively for all directions.

Conclusions: the results of this study suggest that kinematic RSA can be successfully performed using a standard clinical biplane fluoroscopy system for the acquisition of slow movements of the lower limb.

Clinical relevance: a kinematic RSA set-up using a clinical biplane fluoroscopy system is potentially applicable and provides a useful method for obtaining better characterization of joint biomechanics.
Mason type 3 radial head fractures: proposal of a synthesis technique using bioabsorbable thread
Authors: Salvi Andrea
Published: August 2016

Multifragmentary fractures of the radial head (Mason type 3) are challenging for the surgeon. They are usually treated by means of complete removal of the injured head and sometimes by implantation of a metal prosthesis. Indeed, the bone fragments are often too small to allow stabilization through screws or even wires. The Author proposes an alternative technique, tested on a sawbone model, in which bioabsorbable thread is used, introduced in a figure-of-eight fashion. A review of the literature is provided.
Mechanics of Fractal-Inspired Horseshoe Microstructures for Applications in Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Ma Qiang , Zhang Yihui
Published: August 2016

Fractal-inspired designs represent an emerging class of strategy for stretchable electronics, which have been demonstrated to be particularly useful for various applications, such as stretchable batteries and biointegrated electrophysiological electrodes. The fractal-inspired constructs usually undergo complicated, nonlinear deformations under mechanical loading, because of the highly complex and diverse microstructures inherent in high-order fractal patterns. The underlying relations between the nonlinear mechanical responses and microstructure geometry are essential in practical applications, which require a relevant mechanics theory to serve as the basis of a design approach. Here, a theoretical model inspired by the mechanism of ordered unraveling is developed to study the nonlinear stress–strain curves and elastic stretchability for a class of fractal-inspired horseshoe microstructures. Analytic solutions were obtained for some key mechanical quantities, such as the elastic modulus and the tangent modulus at the beginning of each deformation stage. Both the finite-element analyses (FEA) and experiments were carried out to validate the model. Systematic analyses of the microstructure–property relationship dictate how to leverage the various geometric parameters to tune the multistage, J-shaped stress–strain curves. Moreover, a demonstrative example shows the utility of the theoretical model in design optimization of fractal-inspired microstructures used as electrophysiological electrodes, aiming to achieve maximum elastic stretchability for prescribed filling ratios. The results indicate a substantial enhancement (e.g., >4 times) of elastic stretchability by using fractal designs, as compared to traditional horseshoe designs. This study can serve as design guidelines of fractal-inspired microstructures in different stretchable electronic systems.
On-The-Fly Laser Machining: A Case Study for In Situ Balancing of Rotative Parts
Authors: Stoesslein M. , Axinte D. , Gilbert D.
Published: August 2016

On-the-fly laser machining is defined as a process that aims to generate pockets/patches on target components that are rotated or moved at a constant velocity. Since it is a nonintegrated process (i.e., linear/rotary stage system moving the part is independent of that of the laser), it can be deployed to/into large industrial installations to perform in situ machining, i.e., without the need of disassembly. This allows a high degree of flexibility in its applications (e.g., balancing) and can result in significant cost savings for the user (e.g., no dis(assembly) cost). This paper introduces the concept of on-the-fly laser machining encompassing models for generating user-defined ablated features as well as error budgeting to understand the sources of errors on this highly dynamic process. Additionally, the paper presents laser pulse placement strategies aimed at increasing the surface finish of the targeted component by reducing the area surface roughness that are possible for on-the-fly laser machining. The overall concept was validated by balancing a rotor system through ablation of different pocket shapes by the use of a Yb:YAG pulsed fiber laser. In this respect, first, two different laser pulse placement strategies (square and hexagonal) were introduced in this research and have been validated on Inconel 718 target material; thus, it was concluded that hexagonal pulse placement reduces surface roughness by up to 17% compared to the traditional square laser pulse placement. The concept of on-the-fly laser machining has been validated by ablating two different features (4 × 60 mm and 12 × 4 mm) on a rotative target part at constant speed (100 rpm and 86 rpm) with the scope of being balanced. The mass removal of the ablated features to enable online balancing has been achieved within < 4 mg of the predicted value. Additionally, the error modeling revealed that most of the uncertainties in the dimensions of the feature/pocket originate from the stability of the rotor speed, which led to the conclusion that for the same mass of material to be removed it is advisable to ablate features (pockets) with longer circumferential dimensions, i.e., stretched and shallower pockets rather than compact and deep.
A Space–Time-Dependent Study of Control Rods Withdrawal in a Large-Size Pressurized Water Reactor
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Obaidurrahman K. , Singh Om Pal , Munshi Prabhat
Published: August 2016

This work focuses on the safety analysis of a typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) for reactivity-initiated transients. These transients result from withdrawal of six sets of groups of control rods that may occur under control systems or other faults. NEA/OECD PWR benchmark is considered for the study. A 3D space–time kinetics code, “TRIKIN” (neutronic and thermal-hydraulics coupled code) is used to account for local changes in the neutron flux. These local changes in the neutron flux affect the total reactivity, local power, and temperature distribution. The safety parameters are the usual 3D radial power distribution, flux tilt, axial heat flux for the peak channel, and radial peak central line temperature profiles over the horizontal plane. These safety parameters studied in the incident progression up to reactor SCRAM level. The minimum departure from the nucleate boiling ratio (MDNBR) has been investigated quantitatively for all six cases. The case that gives maximum drop in MDNBR at SCRAM level is identified and its consequences are discussed. The study is of high importance in revealing the importance of grouping of control rods’ configurations, providing insight in developing strategy for designing the configuration and reactivity worth of groups of control rods and local/global reactor control systems for large-size PWRs.
Improved MSMGFSK Models Apply to Gas Radiation Heat Transfer Calculation of Exhaust System of TBCC
Authors: Hu Haiyang , Wang Qiang
Published: August 2016

The multiscale multigroup full-spectrum k-distribution (MSMGFSK) model was improved to adapt to radiation heat transfer calculations of combustion gas flow field with large temperature and pressure gradient. The improvements in calculation accuracy resulting from new sorting strategy of the spectral absorption coefficients were validated using a series of semi-1D problem in which strong temperature, pressure, and mole fraction inhomogeneities were present. A simpler method to attain compatibility between the MSMGFSK model and the gray-wall radiation emission has been established and validated. Finally, estimates are given for the calculation of wall radiation heat transfer characteristics and thermal emission imaging of the exhaust system of the parallel turbine-based combined cycle (TBCC) engine, using finite volume method (FVM) and ray trace method (RT), respectively.
Sector Rotating Heat Pipe With Interconnected Branches and Reservoir for Turbomachinery Cooling
Authors: Reding Brian , Cao Yiding
Published: August 2016

Heat pipe technology offers a possible cooling technique for structures exposed to high heat fluxes, as in turbomachinery such as compressors and turbines. However, in its current configuration as single heat pipes, implementation of the technology is limited due to the difficulties in manufacturability and costs. Hence, a study to develop a new radially rotating (RR) heat pipe system was undertaken, which integrates multiple RR heat pipes with a common reservoir and interconnected braches for a more effective and practical solution to turbomachinery cooling. Experimental study has shown that the integration of multiple heat pipe branches with a reservoir at the top is feasible.
Acoustic properties of multiple cavity resonance liner for absorbing higher-order duct modes
Authors: Zhou Di , Wang Xiaoyu , Jing Xiaodong , Sun Xiaofeng
Published: August 2016

This paper describes analytical and experimental studies conducted to investigate the acoustic properties of axially non-uniform multiple cavity resonance liner for absorbing higher-order duct modes. A three-dimensional analytical model is proposed based upon transfer element method. The model is assessed by making a comparison with results of a liner performance experiment concerning higher-order modes propagation, and the agreement is good. According to the present results, it is found that the performance of multiple cavity resonance liner is related to the incident sound waves. Moreover, an analysis of the corresponding response of liner perforated panel-cavity system is performed, in which the features of resonance frequency and dissipation of the system under grazing or oblique incidence condition are revealed. The conclusions can be extended to typical non-locally reacting liners with single large back-cavity, and it would be beneficial for future non-locally reacting liner design to some extent.
Successful Treatment of Bloodstream Infection Due to Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a Renal Transplant Patient
Authors: Mojica Maria F. , Ouellette Christopher P. , Leber Amy , Becknell M. Brian , Ardura Monica I. , Perez Federico , Shimamura Masako , Bonomo Robert A. , Aitken Samuel L. , Shelburne Samuel A.
Published: August 2016

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen for which new antibiotic options are urgently needed. We report our clinical experience treating a 19-year-old renal transplant recipient who developed prolonged bacteremia due to metallo-β-lactamase-producing
S. maltophilia
refractory to conventional treatment. The infection recurred despite a prolonged course of colistimethate sodium (colistin) but resolved with the use of a novel drug combination with clinical efficacy against the patient's
S. maltophilia
isolate.
On axially symmetric space–times admitting homothetic vector fields in Lyra’s geometry
Authors: Gad Ragab M. , Al Mazrooei A.E.
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates axially symmetric space–times that admit a homothetic vector field based on Lyra’s geometry. The cases when the displacement vector is a function of t and when it is constant are studied. In the context of this geometry, we find and classify the solutions of the Einstein’s field equations for the space–time under consideration, which display a homothetic symmetry.
Black hole remnant and quantum tunneling corrections to the five-dimensional Myers–Perry black hole based on generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Li Hui-Ling , Lin Rong
Published: August 2016

Taking into account quantum gravity effect influenced by the generalized uncertain principle (GUP), via modified Dirac equation, we discuss the quantum gravity correction to fermion tunneling and the remnant in a five-dimensional Myers–Perry black hole. By analyzing the modified tunneling probability, we find that the emission spectrum is no longer pure thermal. Furthermore, it is worth emphasizing that the quantum gravity correction influenced by GUP prevents the black hole from evaporating totally, resulting in a black hole remnant.
Propagators of resonances and rescatterings of the decay products
Authors: Anisovich A. V. , Anisovich V. V. , Matveev M. A. , Nyiri J. , Sarantsev A. V. , Semenova A. N.
Published: August 2016

Hadronic resonance propagators which take into account the analytical properties of decay processes are built in terms of the dispersion relation technique. Such propagators can describe multi-component systems, for example, those when quark degrees of freedom create a resonance state, and decay products correct the corresponding pole by adding hadronic deuteron-like components. Meson and baryon states are considered, examples of particles with different spins are presented.
High energy scattering of Dirac particles on smooth potentials
Authors: Han Nguyen Suan , Dung Le Anh , Xuan Nguyen Nhu , Thang Vu Toan
Published: August 2016

The derivation of the Glauber type representation for the high energy scattering amplitude of particles of spin 1/2 is given within the framework of the Dirac equation in the Foldy–Wouthuysen (FW) representation and two-component formalism. The differential cross-sections on the Yukawa and Gaussian potentials are also considered and discussed.
Structures of general relativity in dilaton-Maxwell electrodynamics
Authors: Kechkin O. V. , Mosharev P. A.
Published: August 2016

It is shown that electro (magneto) static sector of Maxwell’s electrodynamics coupled to the dilaton field in a string theory form possesses the symmetry group of the stationary General Relativity in vacuum. Performing the Ernst formalism, we develope a technique for generation of exact solutions in this modified electrodynamics on the base of the normalized Ehlers symmetry transformation. In the electrostatic case, we construct and study a general class of spherically symmetric solutions that describes a pointlike source of the Coulomb type. It is demonstrated that this source is characterized by finite and singularity-free interaction at short distances. Also it is established that the total electrostatic energy of this source is finite and inversely proportional to the dilaton-Maxwell coupling constant.
Phase structure of a Yukawa-like model in the presence of magnetic background and boundaries
Authors: Abreu L. M. , Nery E. S.
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamics of a Yukawa-like model, constituted of a complex scalar field interacting with real scalar and vector fields, in the presence of an external magnetic field and boundaries. By making use of mean-field approximation, we analyze the phase structure of this model at effective chemical equilibrium, under change of values of the relevant parameters of the model, focusing on the influence of the boundaries on the phase structure. The findings reveal a strong dependence of the nature of the phase structure on temperature, magnetic background and size of compactified coordinate, with possibility of a two-step phase transition.
Many Is Better Than One: An Integration of Multiple Simple Strategies for Accurate Lung Segmentation in CT Images
Authors: Shi Zhenghao , Ma Jiejue , Zhao Minghua , Liu Yonghong , Feng Yaning , Zhang Ming , He Lifeng , Suzuki Kenji
Published: August 2016

Accurate lung segmentation is an essential step in developing a computer-aided lung disease diagnosis system. However, because of the high variability of computerized tomography (CT) images, it remains a difficult task to accurately segment lung tissue in CT slices using a simple strategy. Motived by the aforementioned, a novel CT lung segmentation method based on the integration of multiple strategies was proposed in this paper. Firstly, in order to avoid noise, the input CT slice was smoothed using the guided filter. Then, the smoothed slice was transformed into a binary image using an optimized threshold. Next, a region growing strategy was employed to extract thorax regions. Then, lung regions were segmented from the thorax regions using a seed-based random walk algorithm. The segmented lung contour was then smoothed and corrected with a curvature-based correction method on each axis slice. Finally, with the lung masks, the lung region was automatically segmented from a CT slice. The proposed method was validated on a CT database consisting of 23 scans, including a number of 883 2D slices (the number of slices per scan is 38 slices), by comparing it to the commonly used lung segmentation method. Experimental results show that the proposed method accurately segmented lung regions in CT slices.
AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Attenuates High Salt‐Induced Activation of Epithelial Sodium Channels (ENaC) in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zheng Wei-Wan , Li Xin-Yuan , Liu Hui-Bin , Wang Zi-Rui , Hu Qing-Qing , Li Yu-Xia , Song Bin-Lin , Lou Jie , Wang Qiu-Shi , Ma He-Ping , Zhang Zhi-Ren
Published: August 2016

Recent studies suggest that the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is expressed in the endothelial cells. To test whether high salt affects the NO production via regulation of endothelial ENaC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated in solutions containing either normal or high sodium (additional 20 mM NaCl). Our data showed that high sodium treatment significantly increased α‐, β‐, and γ‐ENaC expression levels in HUVECs. Using the cell‐attached patch‐clamp technique, we demonstrated that high sodium treatment significantly increased ENaC open probability (PO). Moreover, nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation (Ser 1177) levels and NO production were significantly decreased by high sodium in HUVECs; the effects of high sodium on eNOS phosphorylation and NO production were inhibited by a specific ENaC blocker, amiloride. Our results showed that high sodium decreased AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in endothelial cells. On the other hand, metformin, an AMPK activator, prevented high sodium‐induced upregulation of ENaC expression and PO. Moreover, metformin prevented high salt‐induced decrease in NO production and eNOS phosphorylation. These results suggest that high sodium stimulates ENaC activation by negatively modulating AMPK activity, thereby leading to reduction in eNOS activity and NO production in endothelial cells.
Robust Finite-Time Terminal Sliding Mode Control for a Francis Hydroturbine Governing System
Authors: Wu Fengjiao , Ding Junling , Wang Zhengzhong
Published: August 2016

The robust finite-time control for a Francis hydroturbine governing system is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model of a Francis hydroturbine governing system is presented and the nonlinear vibration characteristics are analyzed. Then, on the basis of finite-time control theory and terminal sliding mode scheme, a new robust finite-time terminal sliding mode control method is proposed for nonlinear vibration control of the hydroturbine governing system. Furthermore, the designed controller has good robustness which could resist external random disturbances. Numerical simulations are employed to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the designed finite-time sliding mode control scheme. The approach proposed in this paper is simple and also provides a reference for relevant hydropower systems.
Congenital Chloride Diarrhea: Diagnosis by Easy-Accessible Chloride Measurement in Feces
Authors: Gils C. , Eckhardt M.-C. , Nielsen P. E. , Nybo M.
Published: August 2016

Background.Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the genes encoding the intestinal Cl−/HCO3-exchanger and is clinically characterized by watery, profound diarrhea, electrolyte disturbances, and metabolic alkalosis. The CCD diagnosis is based on the clinical symptoms and measurement of high chloride concentration in feces (>90 mmol/L) and is confirmed by DNA testing. Untreated CCD is lethal, while long-term clinical outcome improves when treated correctly.Case Presentation. A 27-year-old woman had an emergency caesarian due to pain and discomfort in gestational week 36 + 4. The newborn boy had abdominal distension and yellow fluid per rectum. Therapy with intravenous glucose and sodium chloride decreased his stool frequency and improved his clinical condition. A suspicion of congenital chloride diarrhea was strongly supported using blood gas analyzer to measure an increased chloride concentration in the feces; the diagnosis was confirmed by DNA testing.Discussion. Measurement of chloride in feces using an ordinary blood gas analyzer can serve as a preliminary analysis when congenital chloride diarrhea is suspected. This measurement can be easily performed with a watery feces composition. An easy-accessible chloride measurement available will facilitate the diagnostics and support the initial treatment if CCD is suspected.
Geometric Framework for Unified Field Theory Using Finsler Gauge Transformation
Authors: Yallappa Kumbar Mallikarjuna , Jangir Sachin , Kondasandra Chowdappa Chowdari , Senajji Kampalappa Narasimhamurthy
Published: August 2016

We study the different types of Finsler space with (α,β)-metrics which have nonholonomic frames as an application for classical mechanics and dynamics in physics using gauge transformation which helps to derive unified field theory. Further, we set up the application of Finsler geometry to geometrize the electromagnetic field completely.
An Unexpected Interaction between Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir and Atorvastatin and Colchicine Causing Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Patel Shyam , Andres Jennifer , Qureshi Kamran
Published: August 2016

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects roughly 170 million people worldwide. Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir (Sof/Led) is a new once daily direct acting antiviral combination pill that was approved in October 2014 for use in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. Coadministration of Sof/Led is studied only with rosuvastatin which shows significantly increased level of drug and is associated with increased risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis. There is no mention of such HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor interaction as a class, as pravastatin did not have any clinically significant interaction with Sof/Led. Other myotoxic drugs, including colchicine are not studied. We present a case of a serious drug interaction between Sof/Led and atorvastatin, in the background of CKD and colchicine use.
An International Reading Literacy Study: Factor Structure of the Chinese Version of the Student Questionnaire (PIRLS-SQCV 2011)
Authors: Lam Joseph W. I. , Cheung W. M. , Au Doreen W. H. , Tsang Hector W. H. , So Wendy W. Y. , Zhu Yue
Published: August 2016

The student questionnaire (PIRLS-SQ 2011) of the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) was designed to gather information from pupils on reading literacy development as to aspects of pupils’ self-lives, home, and school lives across countries/districts. In order to serve the purposes of research and international comparison, the questionnaire was translated into various languages. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the current study investigates the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the student questionnaire (PIRLS-SQCV 2011) and identifies its underlying factor structure among Chinese fourth-grade pupils in Hong Kong. A 10-factor structure model was identified and much resemblance could be drawn to the original PIRLS structure. While the similarity allows international comparisons of studies in different places following the PIRLS strategy, the findings of this study add to extant literature on the relationship between student factors and reading achievement.
Autologous Graft-versus-Tumor Effect: Reality or Fiction?
Authors: Porrata Luis F.
Published: August 2016

In contrast to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the current dogma is not an evidence of graft-versus-tumor effect in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; thus, it is assumed that autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation only relies on the high-dose chemotherapy to improve clinical outcomes. However, recent studies argue in favor of the existence of an autologous graft-versus-tumor without the detrimental complications of graft-versus-host disease due to the nonspecific immune response from the infused donor alloreactive immune effector cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Herein, this paper reviews the clinical evidence of an autologous graft-versus-tumor effect based on the autograft collected and infused host immune effector cells and host immunity recovery after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation affecting clinical outcomes in cancer patients.
Improved Switching Energy Reduction Approach in Low-Power SAR ADC for Bioelectronics
Authors: Tong Xingyuan , Sun Tiantian
Published: August 2016

Low-power analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is a crucial part of wearable or implantable bioelectronics. In order to reduce the power of successive-approximation-register (SAR) ADC, an improved energy-efficient capacitor switching scheme of SAR ADC is proposed for implantable bioelectronic applications. With sequence initialization, novel logic control, and capacitive subconversion, 97.6% switching energy is reduced compared to the traditional structure. Moreover, thanks to the top-plate sampling and capacitive subconversion, 87% input-capacitance reduction can be achieved over the conventional structure. A 10-bit SAR ADC with this proposed switching scheme is realized in 65 nm CMOS. With 1.514 KHz differential sinusoidal input signals sampled at 50 KS/s, the ADC achieves an SNDR of 61.4 dB and only consumes power of 450 nW. The area of this SAR ADC IP core is only 136 μm × 176 μm, making it also area-efficient and very suitable for biomedical electronics application.
Regulation of Dopamine Uptake by Vasoactive Peptides in the Kidney
Authors: Rukavina Mikusic N. L. , Kouyoumdzian N. M. , Rouvier E. , Gironacci M. M. , Toblli J. E. , Fernández B. E. , Choi M. R.
Published: August 2016

Considering the key role of renal dopamine in tubular sodium handling, we hypothesized that c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and Ang-(1-7) may regulate renal dopamine availability in tubular cells, contributing to Na+, K+-ATPase inhibition. Present results show that CNP did not affect either3H-dopamine uptake in renal tissue or Na+, K+-ATPase activity; meanwhile, Ang-(1-7) was able to increase3H-dopamine uptake and decreased Na+, K+-ATPase activity in renal cortex. Ang-(1-7) and dopamine together decreased further Na+, K+-ATPase activity showing an additive effect on the sodium pump. In addition, hydrocortisone reversed Ang-(1-7)-dopamine overinhibition on the enzyme, suggesting that this inhibition is closely related to Ang-(1-7) stimulation on renal dopamine uptake. Both anantin and cANP (4-23-amide) did not modify CNP effects on3H-dopamine uptake by tubular cells. The Mas receptor antagonist, A-779, blocked the increase elicited by Ang-(1-7) on3H-dopamine uptake. The stimulatory uptake induced by Ang-(1-7) was even more pronounced in the presence of losartan, suggesting an inhibitory effect of Ang-(1-7) on AT1 receptors on3H-dopamine uptake. By increasing dopamine bioavailability in tubular cells, Ang-(1-7) enhances Na+, K+-ATPase activity inhibition, contributing to its natriuretic and diuretic effects.
Continuous Visible Query for Three-Dimensional Objects in Spatial Databases
Authors: Liu Yongshan , Kong Dehan
Published: August 2016

Present research of visible query focuses on points and segments in two-dimensional space, while disfigurements occur during processing of visible query in three-dimensional space. In this paper, Continuous Visible Range Query Based on Control Point (CVRQ-CP) is proposed to solve the visible query in a 3D spatial database. Firstly, the horizontal angle (HA) and Vertical Projection Angle (VPA) for 3D objects in a spatial database were used in the visibility testing method. The HA and VPA in the processing of the continuous visible query created visibility changes, defining and confirming the control point. Finally, the algorithm of Continuous Visible Range Query Based on Control Point (CVRQ-CP) was proposed. Verified by experiments, the CVRQ-CP algorithm correctly deals with the visible query of 3D spatial objects. The CVRQ-CP algorithm has better superior accuracy over present visible queries in 3D spatial databases.
Skin-Derived Precursors against UVB-Induced Apoptosis via Bcl-2 and Nrf2 Upregulation
Authors: Zhong Jianqiao , Li Li
Published: August 2016

Bcl-2 and Nrf2 are critical factors in protecting cells against UVB-induced apoptosis. Hair-follicle-bulge stem cells could resist ionization through Bcl-2 upregulation. Skin-derived precursors (SKPs) dwelling on the bulge may be against UVB irradiation. Initially, SKPs were isolated and identified. Then, SKPs were exposed to UVB and grew in medium for 24 hours. CCK-8 assay, TUNEL, and Ki67 staining evaluated cells apoptosis/proliferation, while SA-βgal staining evaluated cells senescence and pH2AX immunostaining evaluated DNA damage. Meanwhile, Bcl-2, Nrf2, HO-1, Bax, and Bak expressions were assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot. Two weeks later, floating spheres appeared and were identified as SKPs. After UVB radiation, SKPs maintained spherical colonies and outnumbered unirradiated ones, showing high Ki67 expression and low TUNEL, SA-βgal, and pH2AX expression. Fibroblasts (FBs), however, displayed deformation, senescence, and reduction, with increased TUNEL, SA-βgal, and pH2AX expression. Moreover, Bcl-2 and Nrf2 mRNA expression were significantly higher than Bak and Bax in irradiated SKPs. Conversely, Bcl-2 and Nrf2 mRNA levels greatly decreased compared with Bax and Bak in irradiated FBs. Interestingly, SKPs showed higher protein levels of Bcl-2, Nrf2, and HO-1 than FBs. SKPs exert a beneficial effect on resisting UVB-induced apoptosis, which may be associated with Bcl-2 and Nrf2 upregulation.
Spectroscopic Investigations of the Oxidative Polymerization of Hydroquinone in the Presence of Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Cheng Ching-Yun , Chan Ya-Ting , Tzou Yu-Min , Chen Kai-Yue , Liu Yu-Ting
Published: August 2016

Polyphenol polymerization receives much scientific attentions because it is an important reaction of humification processes. Through an oxidative polymerization reaction (OPR), hydroquinone (H2Q), a naturally occurring compound, has been found to be a vital precursor of humic substances in soils. Chromate (Cr(VI)), a strong oxidant, is widely distributed in the environment due to the inappropriate disposal of Cr-containing wastes. The OPR of H2Q in the presence of Cr(VI) may occur naturally. In the study, it was found that 400 mg L−1H2Q could be polymerized at pH 3.0 with 105 mg L−1Cr(VI). The results of FT-IR revealed the presence of both hydroquinone and benzoquinone nuclei in the polymer. The spectra of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) demonstrated a decrease in Cr(VI) content during the OPR of H2Q. Based on the results of linear combination fitting (LCF) for the spectra of XANES, the proportions of Cr species in the precipitates mainly consisted of Cr(OH)3, and Cr-carboxylate contents increased gradually from 15.3 to 25.5% over the reaction time. After acidizing the supernatants at pH 1.0 for 1 d, Cr(III)-HA dominated Cr(III) species. This suggested that humic-like substances were formed during OPR of H2Q, possibly through the formation of Cr(III)-organic complex.
Improved CEEMDAN and PSO-SVR Modeling for Near-Infrared Noninvasive Glucose Detection
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Li Chengwei
Published: August 2016

Diabetes is a serious threat to human health. Thus, research on noninvasive blood glucose detection has become crucial locally and abroad. Near-infrared transmission spectroscopy has important applications in noninvasive glucose detection. Extracting useful information and selecting appropriate modeling methods can improve the robustness and accuracy of models for predicting blood glucose concentrations. Therefore, an improved signal reconstruction and calibration modeling method is proposed in this study. On the basis of improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and correlative coefficient, the sensitive intrinsic mode functions are selected to reconstruct spectroscopy signals for developing the calibration model using the support vector regression (SVR) method. The radial basis function kernel is selected for SVR, and three parameters, namely, insensitive loss coefficientε, penalty parameterC, and width coefficientγ, are identified beforehand for the corresponding model. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to optimize the simultaneous selection of the three parameters. Results of the comparison experiments using PSO-SVR and partial least squares show that the proposed signal reconstitution method is feasible and can eliminate noise in spectroscopy signals. The prediction accuracy of model using PSO-SVR method is also found to be better than that of other methods for near-infrared noninvasive glucose detection.