bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of 11β-HSD activity on glucocorticoid replacement therapy in secondary adrenal insufficiency with GHD: Based on LC-MS/MS method
Authors: Li Ting , Li Songlin , Liu Hui , Tan Huiwen , Li Jiaqi , Li Jianwei , Yu Yerong
Published: February 2024

Purpose The prognosis of patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) receiving long-term glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy varies greatly. The reasons behind the phenomenon remain unclear. This study aims to explore whether the heterogeneity of SAI patients’ prognosis was related to change of 11β-HSD activity and the relationship between 11β-HSD1 activity and growth hormone deficiency (GHD).Methods The case-control study included 30 SAI patients with GHD, 20 patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) and 20 healthy controls (HC). Urinary cortisol/cortisone and their metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to evaluate the 11β-HSD activity. The 11β-HSD1 activity was evaluated by calculating 5-αTHF + THF/ THE, with a higher ratio, representing a better activity and the 11β-HSD2 activity was evaluated by calculating urinary cortisol/cortisone ratio, which was higher, representing a weaker activity. The differences of 11β-HSD activity were compared among three groups and between different types of GC replacement. The relationship between the activity of 11β-HSD1 and GH/ insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) was analyzed.Results Compared to PAI group, patients in SAI group had lower GC replacement dose(P < 0.001) and higher triceps skinfold thickness and abdominal skinfold thickness (P < 0.01). (5-αTHF + THF) /THE in SAI group was higher than that in PAI and HC groups (P < 0.001). Urinary F/E in PAI group was significantly higher than that in HC group (P < 0.01). There was no linear correlation between 11β-HSD1 activity and GH/IGF-1 levels (r2 =-0.191/0.060, P > 0.05).Conclusion The dose of GC replacement might decrease in SAI patients with GHD based on the augmenting 11β-HSD1 activity.
An Introduction to Electromyography Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Pattern Recognition: A Brief Overview
Authors: Ojha Anuj
Published: February 2024

Electromyography (EMG) is about studying electrical signals from muscles and can provide a wealth of information on the function, contraction, and activity of your muscles. In the field of EMG pattern recognition, these signals are used to identify and categorize patterns linked to muscle activity. Various machine learning (ML) methods are used for this purpose. Successful detection of these patterns depends on using effective signal-processing techniques. It is crucial to reduce noise in EMG for accurate and meaningful information about muscle activity, improving signal quality for precise assessments. ML tools such as SVMs, neural networks, KNNs, and decision trees play a crucial role in sorting out complex EMG signals for different pattern recognition tasks. Clustering algorithms also help analyze and interpret muscle activity. EMG and ML find diverse uses in rehabilitation, prosthetics, and human-computer interfaces, though real-time applications come with challenges. They bring significant changes to prosthetic control, human-computer interfaces, and rehabilitation, playing a vital role in pattern recognition. They make prosthetic control more intuitive by understanding user intent from muscle signals, enhance human-computer interaction with responsive interfaces, and support personalized rehabilitation for those with motor impairments. The combination of EMG and ML opens doors for further research into understanding muscle behavior, improving feature extraction, and advancing classification algorithms.
Classifying irreducible fixed points of five scalar fields in perturbation theory
Authors: Rong Junchen , Rychkov Slava
Published: February 2024

Classifying perturbative fixed points near upper critical dimensions plays an important role in understanding the space of conformal field theories and critical phases of matter. In this work, we consider perturbative fixed points of N=5 scalar bosons coupled with quartic interactions preserving an arbitrary subgroup G\subset⊂ O(5). We perform an exhaustive algorithmic search over the symmetry groups G which are irreducible and satisfy the Landau condition, so that the fixed point can be reached by fine-tuning a single mass term and there is no need to tune the cubic couplings. We also impose stability of the RG flow in the space of quartic couplings, and reality. We thus prove that there exist no new stable fixed points in d=4-\epsilonϵ dimensions beyond the two known ones: namely the O(5) nvariant fixed point and the Cubic(5) fixed point. This work is a continuation of the classification of such fixed points with N=4 scalars by Toledano, Michel, Toledano and Brézin in 1985 [Phys. Rev. B 31, 7171 (1985)].
Hypnoteaching dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab
Authors: Lutfiyatun Eka
Published: February 2024

Arabic Learning faces problems in the post-pandemic period. Students experience demotivation in learning so that learning outcomes decrease. For this reason, innovation with the hypnoteaching method is needed to provide positive suggestions and motivations so as to arouse enthusiasm for learning Arabic. The purpose of this study is to describe how educators apply hypnoteaching in Arabic learning. The method used is descriptive analysis or literature review that produces descriptive data from various research results about the experience of educators in implementing hypnoteaching in Arabic learning. Hypnoteaching is carried out with six steps, namely self-motivation, pacing, leading, using positive words, giving praise, and modelling. Basically, hypnoteaching makes the learning environment comfortable and conducive for students so that learning outcomes are optimal.
Shīrvānian Beylerbey Khosrow Khān and the Russian-Persian Conflict in the Middle of the 17th Century
Authors:   Comenius University, Rybar Lukas
Published: February 2024

In the mid-17th century, the relatively stable trade and diplomatic relations between Russia and Safavid Persia were disrupted by a conflict (1651–1653). The study’s main aim is to examine the immediate and indirect causes, and particularly, the role of Shīrvānian beylerbey Khosrow Khān in the conflict. According to several historians, he played an important role in this struggle. As the governor of the Safavid frontier province in the South Caucasus, he was an integral part of official Russian-Safavid trade relations. Khan’s merchants regularly travelled to Russia and traded at the local markets. However, Shīrvānian and Persian merchants’ trade sustained losses caused by frequent attacks of the Cossacks. Khosrow Khān sent several letters to the governors of Astrakhan and Terek complaining about these Cossack plundering raids. In addition, he also expressed dissatisfaction with the construction of a fortress on the territory at the mouth of the Terek and Sunzha rivers, which the Russians and Safavids considered their own sphere of political influence. All these factors gradually provoked Khosrow Khān, and other local Dagestani and Kumyk rulers (probably with the approval of the Safavid Shah), to organize military operations against the Shunza fortress. This seemingly local conflict was immediately noticeable at the official Russian-Safavid state diplomatic level. The research draws on a range of archival and published Russian and Persian sources, as well as on scholarly literature on the subject.
Kievan Conservative Journalists on the Problems of Education in Late Imperial Russia
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kotov Aleksandr E. , Fedorov Dmitrij A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2024

Educational issues traditionally lay in the centre in the discourse of the Russian conservatism in the 19th century. Representatives of its different trends (Slavophiles, Katkov’s followers, aristocrates) regularly emphasized that this sphere was the key to resolving most of the problems the country faced: the necessity to develop the country and at the same time to “protect” — not only the existing political regime but also the historical continuity, national and spiritual values. The objects of criticism of conservative publicists were, as a rule, new trends in the educational sphere. However, the methods of dealing with them were perceived differently by different conservatives. In the end, the program of M. N. Katkov, which implied the spread of the classical model of the secondary school and the transformation of universities according to the German model, won. However, it aroused serious objections in conservative circles as well. The elementary school, which most conservatives traditionally associated with the Orthodox clergy, caused the least controversy. Regional specifics also played their role: educational issues were intertwined with the national ones as in the western periphery university and school were perceived as tools of combating “Polonism”. At the same time, one of the first demands of the Ukrainophiles was schooling in the “Little Russian dialect”. The press of the “Russian direction” actively opposed this — first of all, “Moskovskie Vedomosti” and “Novoe Vremia”. The largest regional conservative newspaper “Kievlianin”, founded by V. Ya. Shulgin, generally followed their program under his successor D. I. Pikhno but took a special view on educational issues, while showing a significant degree of independence and even liberalism. The latter was not only a consequence of the personal position of the editors. Publicism of “Kievlianin” reflected the views of the circle of Russian nationalist intelligentsia formed in post-reform Kiiv who managed to help the authorities solve the problem of “de-Polonization” of the Southern-Western territory but played a role in the subsequent great upheavals.
Interpretation of the Historical Component of the Polish Question by Constitutional Democrats at the Beginning of the First World War
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Dmitrieva Natalia V.
Published: February 2024

The outbreak of the First World War actualized the Polish issue, difficult for the Russian Empire, the discussion of which involved the government, the public, and political parties. The need to adapt the party program to the political situation, which was regularly updated under the extremely unstable conditions of wartime, forced the representatives of the Constitutional Democratic Party to turn to the joint historical past of Poland and Russia to substantiate the political present. During the first six months of the war, the Central Committee of the Constitutional Democratic Party carried out intensive work to prepare materials for correcting its program on the national question. There was a gradual integration of the Polish question into the general concept of the state and foreign policies of the Cadets. The Central Committee of the Cadet Party continued to think within imperial categories in relation to space. In the course of lengthy discussions during the meetings of the Central Committee, different points of view within the party were revealed; however, the Central Committee was forced to come to a relatively common opinion, preparing for public presentation a project for the organization of Poland not only to members of the party and the Russian public, but also to the Poles themselves. The analysis of the material accumulated in 1914 shows the clarity of the historical component of the positions of the Cadets and the abstract nature of their political and legal positions.
Post-accident dynamics of flora and vegetation in the Belarusian sector exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Authors:   V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grummo Dmitry G. , Zeliankevich Natallia A. ,   V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Mojsejchik Ekaterina V. ,   V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Skuratovich Arkady N. ,   V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Published: February 2024

The issues of vegetation cover dynamics in the Chernobyl accident area considered in the article. The research carried out within the boundaries of the Polessky State Radiation-Ecological Reserve. The objects of research are the flora and vegetation of the region. The research is based on as classical methods for studying flora and vegetation, as modern ones, using a long-term archive of Landsat satellite imagery. The article interprets that the flora and vegetation transformation processes of the Chernobyl exclusion zone are mainly due to natural changes and anthropogenically stimulated processes associated with the economic activity cessation. The authors noted a progressive increase of the vascular plant species number within the Reserve, which explained by the restoration processes beginning of the vegetation cover after the population evacuation and the economic activity complete stopping. The spatial isolation of the Polessky State Radiation-Ecological Reserve territory led to the preservation of flora synanthropization level, similar to the end of the 1980s. Former settlements, wastelands, former arable lands, linear objects (roads) and other former anthropogenic habitats are the retention and penetration centers of synanthropic species within the Reserve. The forested territory increasing is a key moment of the vegetation demutational successions in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. A large increase of derived small-leaved forests participation characterizes the dynamics of the forest vegetation formational structure during the post-accident period. Indigenous coniferous and deciduous fen forests also tend to distribution increase, but their dynamics is not rapid. Forests formation, bushing, waterlogging due to the degradation of drainage systems are the processes of meadow dynamics. Fragments of unchanged meadows preserved only in the Pripyat River floodplain. Restoration of bog-forming processes observed on disturbed peatlands, part of unforested fens transformed into forested fens, sparse forests and shrub thickets in the post-accident period. The processes of forest formation, local swamping prevail on the former agricultural and residential lands.
Motives for participation of youth in unauthorized protest actions
Authors:   City Center for Social Programs and Prevention of Asocial Phenomena Among Youth “CONTACT”, Voinik Anna A. , Snegur Margarita R. ,   City Center for Social Programs and Prevention of Asocial Phenomena Among Youth “CONTACT”,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2024

In-depth study of real motives for participation in protest actions could contribute a lot to increase effectiveness of educational activities and preventive maintenance with youth. Young people as a socio-demographic group have a high potential for civic participation and they are going to determine the strategy of the country’s political development in a few decades. The thesis deals with the analysis of the results of the field research on motives for the participation in unauthorized protest actions, conducted in July — September 2021 for the Committee on Youth Policy and Interaction with Public Organizations of St. Petersburg. The following research questions arise: Why do the youth of St. Petersburg participate in unauthorized political actions? What are the major political issues that concern young people most right now? Are protests an effective form of political participation, according to the participants? What are there other effective forms of political participation? Research method — focusgroup with young people of different age, participated in unauthorized protest actions. We revealed significant age differences in motives, perception of current socio-political situation, and awareness of political issues. For adolescents the key motives for participation in unauthorized protest actions are curiosity, interest, and the desire for new emotions, while for adult youth — the desire to express displeasure with the current socio-political situation.
Local actors and their agenda in the public sphere of social media
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Judina Darja I.
Published: February 2024

The transformation of the public sphere, caused by the influence of social media on public communication, encourages researchers to adapt existing tools for measuring public opinion and develop new ones. One of these tools is the procedure for creating a sample of actors who form public opinion in social media. Moreover, this procedure determines the methodological component of the study and also reflects the theoretical approach to measuring public opinion, which is derived from our view of the public sphere. In our study, we proposed and tested our version of classification of actors in the public sphere of St. Petersburg, using data from the social networking site VKontakte. Owing to the broad common agenda generated by the coronavirus epidemic, we could analyze the great variety of actors shaping the public opinion of citizens in the spring and summer of 2020. The final classification contains online communities and personal pages on the city and district level owned by the media, government bureaucratic organizations, politicians and parties, interest groups, business organizations and entrepreneurs. We also described the main elements of their agenda and ranked St. Petersburg public opinion makers by the share of interest from VKontakte users. The wide variety of agenda types obtained as a result of the analysis: news, reports, complaints, propaganda, agitation, advertising, entertainment, leads us to reconsider the indicators for selecting texts from social media. The research has expanded the understanding of public actors engaged in shaping public opinion in social media and their agenda.
A predictive and normative model for the “smart city” implementation concept in expert discourse
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Kostko Natalya A. , Pecherkina Irina F. ,   Tyumen State University, Popkova Alena A. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen
Published: February 2024

The smart city concept strikes a discourse in the academic, media, political field in the present period. Discursive topics for that matter are the concept implementation model of choice determination, including its main structural parameters and the horizons of future develop-ment establishment. The challenge is the lack of a comprehensive approach to provide the effectiveness of social elements in the model of implementation of the concept of the smart city. The research issue includes an expert diagnosis parameter of the citizen as a subject. Set of parameters characterizing the social space of the city, namely, activity, identity, norms of trust and solidarity of the population, which together reflect the level of citizens’ subjectivity is proposed to take as a system indicator of the model of concept’s realization. The author model of the smart city concept implementation complements and expands the quadruplehelix model. The purpose of the work is aimed at predictive-normative model diagnostics by the expert community of the city for its integration into the management practice. Representatives of authorities, businesses, non-profit organizations of six cities as experts (Tyumen, Tobolsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, Surgut, Salekhard, Novy Urengoy) evaluated the implementation, prospects of the approach in their cities and the possibility of including the subjective model in management practice. The survey uncovered some degree of contradictions in the positions of experts on the predictive and normative model for the concept’s implementation. Most experts admit the increasing city dwellers subjectivity, but do not see opportunities and conditions for new forms of its institutionalization. As whole expert attitudes are not predictive, but rather demonstrate a prolongation of the existing provisions and trends of urban development. Nevertheless, the study showed that the parameters of the subject model are not in conflict with the existing model and can be used in the practice of urban management.
Characteristic of legal communication: Addressers of legal acts
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belov Sergei A.
Published: February 2024

The author started description of parties to legal communication in a previous article, on addressee of legal documents. In this item author focuses on the addressers of legal documents — those, who formally issue these documents. Summarizing specifics of addressers in different types of communication (norm-establishing and norm-realization) leads to the conclusion that addresser, issuing power acts, remains to be depersonalized comparing to private persons, acting on their own behalf. This could be explained by the legal principle that power belongs to an authority or to an official, but not to a certain person. Depersonalizing reaches maximum in the case of a statute. Abstract legislator being implied as an addresser of norm, stays in shadow, and this entails a number of practical problems. Author also concludes that Russian legal theory in fact does not recognize establishing legal norms as communication, finding communicative interaction only in realization of norms. While the will of the addresser (initiating legal consequences) is the content of a message in the legal communication, they are performative utterances (in the terminology of the speech acts theory of J. Austin). These acts do not transmit information, but form speech action. At the same time documents, issuing on behalf of private persons (mostly individuals), are often base on strict templates. Sometimes a person, who is formally the addresser of the document, do not takes part in its preparation and even is unable to understand it, therefore the document does not really reflects her or his will, which it formally represents. “Legal personality” of addresser of legal acts could not be a real object for analysis, because in many cases the addresser remains to be an abstract person while the speech of legal documents are so standardized that a few space for individual speech is left.
Active voting rights in the digital age: Legal aspect
Authors:   HSE University, Gadzhieva Albina O. , Kostyrko Artem A. ,   The Government of Moscow, Koshel Alexey S. ,   HSE University
Published: February 2024

The article considers an analysis of the digital transformation of the electoral process in Russia. This became possible with the introduction of a new method of voting in Russia — remote electronic voting (REV). The article examines legal and technological transformation of mechanisms that allow voters to express their will in elections regardless of their location. The experience of legislative innovations in Moscow in terms of integrating the paper and electronic voter list (EVL) in the context of the introduction of the REV, new mechanisms for electronic voting in the form of electronic voting terminals (EVT) in the elections in Moscow in September 2023. The authors analyze the legislative regulation of the REV in the context of the implementation of active suffrage on an extraterritorial basis, the discussion about which has repeatedly arisen at the level of the CEC of Russia and the Constitutional Court of Russia, but before the introduction of the REV, EVT and EVL did not fully fail to free and mobile extraterritorial voting (according to the location). The hypothesis of the authors is that the introduction of digital services in the form of EVTs integrated into the electronic voting system, the use of EVL, will expand the rights of voters, which in general will lead to an increase in voter turnout, and, as a result, a higher legitimization of elected authorities. In the event of successful experience in the application of EVT and the demand for such method of voting among voters, especially taking into account the mobility of the voter’s choice of the place of voting, a new principle of suffrage can be enshrined in law — a free choice of method of voting (traditional, with using a paper ballot, remotely using a REV or a EVT).
Challenges of holding the presidents of general jurisdiction courts liable to disciplinary measures and termination of their powers in the Russian Federation
Authors:   North-Western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Zholobov Yaroslav B. , Kornev Viktor N. ,   Russian State University of Justice
Published: February 2024

The article examines the challenges of holding the presidents of general jurisdiction courts liable to disciplinary measures and issues of terminating their powers. It is shown that the legal status of the presidents of general jurisdiction courts encompasses various elements, such as the procedure for terminating their powers, their liability, the procedure for replacing their post, their competence, and guarantees of independence. Five cases of termination of the powers of the president of a general jurisdiction court were considered: automatic suspension in the event of termination or suspension of powers as a judge, which may be directly tied to disciplinary proceedings, limitation of an office term, voluntary rejection of the position while retaining the powers of a judge, early termination of the court president’s powers while maintaining his/her position as judge for failure to fulfill or inadequately fulfill his/her official duties, commission of an act defaming the honor and dignity of a judge, as well as in any other circumstances specified under federal constitutional law indicating the inability of a judge to perform his/her duties. Significant gaps in matters of early termination of the court presidents’ powers are evident in Russian judicial practice, as demonstrated by numerous examples. The matters concerning the disciplinary liability of the presidents of general jurisdiction courts are analyzed with respect to the procedures, grounds and peculiarities for holding both judges and court presidents liable. A practical view of the modern interpretation of the concept “disciplinary offense of a judge” is shown. Recommendations have been made to improve the Russian legislation that deals with the issues of disciplinary liability of the presidents of general jurisdiction courts and termination of their powers, with a focus on the Law of the Russian Federation on the Status of Judges in the Russian Federation of 1992.
Models of legal support for implementing the official remembrance policy in Russia and other European countries: Comparative analysis
Authors:   North-Western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Dorskaia Aleksandra A. , Dorskii Andrei Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Sidorov Andrei V. ,   North-Western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice
Published: February 2024

This article looks at the issues of legal support for implementing the official remembrance policy in Russia and other European countries. The evolution of remembrance policy is shown through the transition from the predominant role of religion to the incorporation of “memorial laws”. Factors that have led to the current revision of history have been identified. Common guidelines have been elucidated for all European countries regarding the historical past: they have been developed within the bounds of the United Nations and reflected in UN General Assembly resolutions, educational programs, international commemorative days, etc. It was concluded that European countries over the past three centuries have had a more or less similar way of emphasizing the main event, around which conceptual framework for the stances on history were constructed: at the end of the 18th century this was the French Revolution and in the 20th century — World War II. It has been demonstrated that the presence of numerous evaluations of such historically significant “points”, the use of the past to attain current political goals, the particularities of national laws, and the formation of new international union shave all led to the development of various models of legal support for implementing the official remembrance policy in Europe, which is reflected in the use of both different terminology and legal means. The categorization of protective, patriotic, post-traumatic, restorative and conciliatory models is proposed, which could be further split into subcategories. It has been highlighted how crucial legal instruments are to both stopping and averting the “memory wars” that many European nations are now engaged in.
Sociological study of mediatization from an institutional perspective: Concepts and empirical researches
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ostrovskaya Elena A.
Published: February 2024

The rapidly unfolding process of mediatization radically changes the contours of social reality. Unprecedented arrangements of individuals, communications and media give rise to new collectivities and new translocal discourses on politics, economics, education, culture, and religion. The new media included in the structure of communication opened up access to information and practice beyond the censorship of institutionalized authorities. A variety of movements, groups and communities declare themselves through the communicative spaces of blogs, websites, podcasts, digital platforms. Media’s public sphere gives the voice to youth subcultures that previously were in the gray zones of sociality. These and many other consequences of mediatization call into question the methodological tools of social sciences. Theories on mediatization as well as the empirical research into mediatized social reality are the relatively new developments of the Russian academic field. There is an evident absence of sociological theorizing on mediatization in the Russian literature on media research. This article is aimed at reviewing the institutional approach of the Danish sociologist Stig Hjarvard, who was a pioneer in the theoretical understanding of mediatization as a process of total change in modern societies. The institutional approach is extremely in demand in the humanities. The part of the article covers from Hjarvard’s initial reflections on the mediatization to his later development of approach to mediatization.The article proposes an analysis of the key concepts of the institutional approach and the thematic areas formed through its application in the study of youth — youth practices and subcultures in the media’s public spere and digital storytelling as a tool for identity construction. The proposed article contains an analysis of specific cases of applying the methodology of the approach in the study of subcultures of street graffiti writers, skaters and electro-dancers.
THE POLITOLOGY OF WOODROW WILSON IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY DISCUSSIONS
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Gutorov Vladimir
Published: February 2024

Thomas Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States, who served in this post from 1913 to 1921, is widely known primarily as great political leader who played one of the main roles in shaping the new, extremely conflictual international order that arose after the first world war. In modern historiography, for example, Wilson's post-war foreign policy, associated with attempts to implement his famous Fourteen Points, the creation of the League of Nations, and many others, is studied in detail. Against the background of the dramatic collisions of post-war world politics, the fact, well known only to “narrow specialists”, that Wilson was one of the most influential political scientists, historians and theorists of university education of his time, remains in the shadows. His influence is still constantly felt in modern concepts of reforms in American higher education. The administrative activity of W. Wilson took place at the final stage of the process, the result of which was a radical transformation of higher education in the United States. The stable notion that the main contours of the reforms of university education at Princeton, initiated by W. Wilson, were quite clearly outlined already in his theoretical works, has never been in doubt in the scientific world. At the heart of Wilson's reforms was the idea that the university should be seen as such an exemplary example of a form of community that, even at the very center of modern society, is able to retain its distinctive features. Wilson's ideas and policies in the field of university education continue to actively influence modern theoretical discussions, their “stimulating effect” is direct evidence that they have stood the test of time in their own way, also because they were far from speculative and never lost connections neither with the world historical tradition, nor with the real world of politics.
FORMATION OF A DYNAMIC MODEL OF E-GOVERNMENT OPTIMIZATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF NEW CHALLENGES AND RISKS
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Morozova Svetlana
Published: February 2024

In the context of modern challenges and risks, which, first of all, include the turbulence of world politics and the world economy, the negative consequences of globalization and digitalization, the COVID-19 pandemic, special importance is given to the tasks of the state to ensure internal and external security, protect rights, freedoms and interests of citizens, creation of favorable conditions for sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The listed challenges and risks faced by modern Russia have increased the importance of e-government and become a trigger for its dynamic development. Today, e-government promotes fast, stable, secure and reliable interaction between citizens, the private sector and the state. The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of successful practices in the field of digital government development in order to form a dynamic model for optimizing the electronic government of the Russian Federation. The research methodology is based on comparative and compositional-graphical analysis, on the basis of which the authors compare the features, approaches and quality of the leading countries’ in the UN e-Government Development Index (EGDI) e-governments’ functioning. In the study, the authors pay special attention to the issue of the effective e-government functioning, analyze current global trends in the development of digital governments, and refer to the experience of advanced digital states. As a result of the study, the authors identify the integral components of an effectively functioning e-government, clearly demonstrate its model. In conclusion, the authors analyze the problems of e-government development in Russia, and also formulate recommendations for its dynamic optimization.
INTERACTION OF CIVIL ACTIVISTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF POWER AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE REGIONS OF SOUTHWEST SIBERIA: MECHANISMS AND PROBLEMS
Authors:   Altai State University, Kachusov Dmitrii
Published: February 2024

The work deals with the study of the civic activism sphere and issues of interaction between civil society institutions, local self-government and state power in the regions of Southwest Siberia. The study was carried out on the basis of the reports analysis of the Public Chambers of the regions, official resources of institutions supporting civil initiatives, regional media and information agencies, pages of civil associations in social networks. The study also used the results of an expert survey of leaders and moderators of civil associations conducted in 2021. The study showed that the central and regional authorities consider it necessary to control the forms of manifestation and the main directions of civic activity and coordinate the actions of its subjects. To achieve this goal, existing institutions, primarily Public Сhambers, are involved, as well as new ones are created in order to directly support socially useful initiatives. The forms of interaction are also very diverse - from providing opportunities for dialogue in the form of discussion platforms and round tables to direct resource support for specific projects. On the other hand, the main goal of self-organizing civil communities remains the solution of "urgent" local problems, which is the focus of their current activities. Although the situational relevance of the raised agenda may attract a large number of supporters to them, they do not pretend to participate in political power and are integrated into the proposed models of relationships. However, the interaction is complicated by the fact that associations of civil activists are often informal, poorly institutionalized and are not considered by the authorities as equal participants in political relations.
INSTITUTIONS OF PUBLIC POWER AMONG THE MANCHU-MONGOLIAN PEOPLES OF EAST ASIA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. PART 2: POSTIMPERIAL POLITICAL ORDER
Authors:   Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhology and Tibetology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dudin Pavel
Published: February 2024

The author attempts to characterize the public-power institutions of the Manchu-Mongol peoples after the collapse of the Qing Empire, reflected in little-known academic Russian-speaking emigrant sources of the first half of the twentieth century. The revolutionary events in China in 1911-1912 and the abdication of the infant emperor from the throne gave rise to the problem of the legitimacy of the new central government. Not solved from the point of view of law, it led the country to the actual disintegration of the country and the formation of new nation-states. China itself in 1912 It became a republic, and a struggle for the formation of two regional orders unfolded on its borders: between Russia, imperial, and then Soviet, and Japan. The regional order in the zone of Russian interests was based on the statehood of Khalkha-Mongolia, the northernmost part of the Mongolian world, which at the end of 1911 chose the path of the theocratic monarchy, to which Barga tried to join in 1912-1915. The regional order in the zone of Japanese interests has always been associated with Manchuria, which declared independence as Manchukuo with the invasion of the Japanese on the continent. Inner Mongolia also falls into its orbit, forcibly divided into 3 special regions in 1914, and later, with the help of the Japanese, declared sovereignty as the state of Mengjiang. The institutions of public power built up in these policies are characterized by an attempt to restore ancient state traditions, but the key tools in the formation of order and in the change of statuses are the statehood accumulated by these peoples and demonstrating the "ability" to have state sovereignty and international recognition, as well as autonomy, which in some cases was the starting point when falling away from the former empire, and in others - the final one while remaining part of republican China.
ARCTIC RESEARCH IN CHINA: ANALYSIS BASED ON SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
Authors:   Institute of Economics, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pitukhina Maria , Belykh Anastasia ,   Institute of Economics, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2024

Arctic region is rapidly transforming into a global theatre with a growing number of non-Arctic stakeholders. One illustration of this transformation process is China's growing presence in the Arctic. This article analyses the scientific literature, including scientific journals, doctoral and master's theses, statistical yearbooks, e-books, patents and standards available in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) - Chinese-language scientific publications database, the Russian scientific portal's equivalent, elibrary. Priority topics in Chinese Arctic research were identified -meteorology, oceanography, education, China's international relations, biology. It is obvious that most Chinese scientists are interested in issues linked with the Northern Sea Route development in various aspects - transport infrastructure, international transit regime, oceanography. China's position is defined: the Northern Sea Route is primarily an international shipping route, and not Russian asset. For the last 5 years, several new conceptual documents have appeared that provide a clearer picture of China's Arctic policy (China White Paper 2018). In 2023, a joint Russian-Chinese working body for the development of the Northern Sea Route is planned to be established. The list of the most cited Chinese authors and the most famous Chinese scientific papers is presented in the article in order to recognize and highlight Chinese scientific research on the Arctic in Chinese. The goal of the article is to demonstrate Chinese scientific research access to the Russian audience, as well as to evaluate both volumes and topics of scientific work created in Chinese and related to the Arctic.
Ecological health assessment of the Qinghe River Basin: analysis and recommendations
Authors: Lei Jingcheng , Zhang Jinfeng , Li Peiying , Zhang Hongliang , Xu Chengbin
Published: February 2024

The assessment of ecosystem health at the scale of a large river basin is currently an important direction in environmental science and landscape ecology research. This study focuses on the ecological health assessment of the Qinghe River Basin. Following the Guidelines for Eco-health Assessment of Basin (Trial), a framework was designed to construct an assessment system. The aquatic and terrestrial systems of the Basin were selected, and the ecological pattern, ecological function, and ecological pressure were evaluated. The comprehensive assessment index, i.e., whole health index (WHI), was used to evaluate the overall situation of the basin, providing a comprehensive reflection of its state. The results indicate that the comprehensive index of ecological health assessment for the Qinghe River Basin is 58.66, indicating an average evaluation grade. By evaluating the health of the ecological system in the Qinghe River Basin, this study has gained an understanding of the current situation and identified major issues in the area. The study also proposes suggestions for future sustainable development and effective management of the Qinghe River Basin. These findings hold significant practical importance for the comprehensive protection and development of the area.
The economic impact of water diversion: evidence from China
Authors: Xu Hang , Yang Rui
Published: February 2024

Many areas in the world are facing the problem of sustainable development due to water scarcity. One of the reasons for this issue is that the regional distribution of water resources is inequitable worldwide. The water diversion is a potential way to ease the water shortages as a result of the unequal distribution of water resources. As is well known, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) in China is the largest project of water diversion over the world, which is transferring water resources between two river basins. This paper analyses the economic impact of the water diversion with the example of the SNWDP. It was found that the economic status of the areas affected by the SNWDP increased, relative to other regions. This result is robust when estimating with alternative outcome measure or subsample, and with alternative methods. The mechanism analysis shows that the main reason for the increased economic development level is that the water diversion encourages growth of the service industry in the water-receiving areas by supplying water for domestic use. These results imply that the sectors with more value-added may benefit better from the water diversion.
Assessment of using ponds as a nature-based solution on the optimal irrigation management of paddy fields
Authors: Janatrostami Somaye
Published: February 2024

The water availability to supply agricultural water requirements plays an important role in the performance of agricultural products. Paddy fields depend heavily on water during cultivation, making this issue particularly important. In such cases, nature-based solutions, such as ponds, can be a suitable method to address water shortages for irrigation purposes. This study aims to develop a water allocation optimization model to evaluate the impact of two scenarios in ponds. In the scenario of increasing the ponds' depth, the hydraulic connection between the ponds and the groundwater level was taken into consideration. Based on this perspective, the scenario of increasing the depth resulted in a 0.33 million m3 increase in the volume of ponds, leading to an average percentage increase of 0.23% in the supply of irrigation requirements. The optimized model results in the pond dredging scenario showed a 2.03 million m3 increase in the volume of available water compared to the existing conditions, and a 1.70 million m3 increase compared to the pond deepening scenario. The results show that dredging ponds have a greater impact on increasing available water volume. It is also important to consider the hydraulic connection between ponds and groundwater levels in the pond-deepening approach.
PERSPECTIVA SOCIOTÉCNICA
Authors: Simões Santos Vagner , Oliveira Teles Eduardo , Santana Silva Marcelo
Published: February 2024

A política de ciência, tecnologia e inovação é essencial para impulsionar a inovação e é moldada pelas contribuições de diversos atores no sistema sociotécnico. No entanto, seu sucesso depende de uma governança eficaz em colaboração com o ecossistema de inovação. Este estudo visa analisar o atual papel do Estado e sua governança nas políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I) em municípios brasileiros, sob a perspectiva sociotécnica, através da classificação de atos municipais de inovação. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem quali-quantitativa e envolve análise documental de atos municipais de inovação. Os resultados revelam os papéis históricos do Estado, o perfil de evolução dos municípios que se destacaram nesses papéis e os papéis mais contemporâneos alinhados com ecossistemas de inovação robustos. Espera-se que este estudo forneça insights cruciais para a formulação de políticas públicas que considerem o sistema sociotécnico, permitindo que o Estado e sua governança atendam às expectativas dos atores socioeconômicos, colaborando assim para o progresso da CT&I nos municípios brasileiros.