bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Intragastric Dextrose: A Therapeutic Option for Refractory Hypoglycemia in Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Vajravelu Mary Ellen , Congdon Morgan , Mitteer Lauren , Koh Jamie , Givler Stephanie , Shults Justine , De León Diva D.
Published: August 2018

Feeding problems are frequent in infants with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) and may be exacerbated by continuous enteral nutrition (EN) used to maintain euglycemia. Our center’s HI team uses dextrose solution given continuously via gastric tube (intrasgastric dextrose, IGD) for infants not fully responsive to conventional medical therapy or pancreatectomy. Here, we describe our practice as well as growth, feeding, and adverse events in infants with HI exposed to IGD. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of infants with HI treated with IGD from 2009–2017. Primary outcomes were weight-for-length and body mass index Z-scores (WFL-Z and BMI-Z) in the year following IGD initiation. Secondary outcomes included EN use and adverse events. We used multivariable regression to assess covariates of interest. Results: We studied 32 subjects (13 female) with a median age at IGD initiation of 73 days (range 17–367); median follow-up was 11.2 months (range 5.0–14.2). WFL-Z did not change significantly over time (p > 0.05). EN use decreased significantly over time, i.e., at 0 months: 72% (95% CI 53–85) vs. at 12 months 39% (95% CI 22—59). No potential adverse events led to discontinuation of IGD. Conclusions: Over a median follow-up of nearly 1 year, IGD was well-tolerated, with no change in WFL-Z or BMI-Z from baseline.
A Homozygous Missense Mutation in FANCA Gene in a 46,XY Female with Gonadal Dysgenesis
Authors: Mazen Inas , McElreavey Kenneth , Eid Maha M. , Bashamboo Anu , Kamah Ghada
Published: August 2018

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a pleiotropic condition with 2 characteristic phenotypic markers of hematological and cytogenetic changes. The phenotype of patients with FA is very heterogeneous, associated with an array of congenital malformations affecting the skeletal, renal, genital, and/or central nervous systems. Here, we report on a 46,XY female who presented with gonadal dysgenesis and microcephaly. Exome sequencing showed that she was homozygous for a rare variant in the FANCA gene (c.4232C>T, p.P1411L, rs201494304). Both parents were heterozygous for the mutation. The FA mutation was associated with an atypical clinical presentation, and thus exome sequencing provided essential data that otherwise would have been overlooked in the diagnosis of this patient.
The Importance of the World Health Organization Sugar Guidelines for Dental Health and Obesity Prevention
Authors: Breda Joao , Jewell Jo , Keller Amélie
Published: August 2018

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a reduced intake of free sugars throughout the life course (strong recommendation) with a reduction of free sugars intake to less than 10% of the total energy intake (strong recommendation) and preferably below 5% of the total energy intake (conditional recommendation) in both adults and children. Available data clearly show that people already consume significantly more sugar than they should, increasing the risk for dental caries, overweight and obesity. The WHO recommendations are intended for use by the policy makers as a benchmark for assessing intake of sugars by populations and as a driving force for policy change. To create a favorable environment, enabling the overall amount of free sugar intake to be as low as possible and to reduce the frequency of consumption of sugar-rich foods, a range of public health interventions is advised.
How Can the Right of Young Children with Disability to be Heard be Enacted within the Policy Constructs of Participant Choice and Control?
Authors: Brien Jackie
Published: August 2018

This comprehensive literature review provides a critical examination of the concepts inherent in Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme, participant choice and control. These concepts are explored in relation to enacting the child’s right to be heard, as outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

Enacting this right is found to be dependent on the image of young children with disability, acknowledging children’s citizenship rights and balancing these with perspectives regarding the need for protection and the child’s place in family and community. The social-relational model of disability is helpful in understanding how the enactment of the right to be heard may be supported. Parents and early childhood professionals who are sensitive to the child’s perspective may take the role as social mediators of child voice, choice and control, along with practices supporting children’s evolving capacities to enact their own rights and aspirations.
Understanding Children’s Participation through an Eliasian Lens: Habitus as a Barrier to Children’s Everyday Participation Rights
Authors: Hester Sally , Moore Allison
Published: August 2018

In spite of the rhetoric of children’s participation in the public sphere, in their everyday life interactions young children’s rights continue to be denied or given entitlement on the basis of assumptions about the social category to which they belong, and opportunities continue to be missed to make links between the everyday and the societal, political and legal contexts by those wishing to further children’s participation rights. Drawing on the sociology of Norbert Elias, particularly his concept of “habitus” and “drag effect” we will explore the dissonance between the public and private status of young children’s rights and suggest ways that this might be remedied. The paper will conclude by arguing that it is important to work towards young children’s increased participation rights in their everyday lives because adults must acknowledge young children’s moral competence to participate in decisions about their everyday lives in order to develop children’s agency to do so.
Child Justice in South Africa: Application of International Instruments in the Constitutional Court
Authors: Skelton Ann
Published: August 2018

International law provides rights, rules and principles that guide the manner in which children in conflict with the law should be treated. When children’s rights are violated, this international law framework can be used by lawyers and courts to identify the nature of the violation and determine the remedies that must be taken to redress the harm and alter law or practice to ensure such breaches are avoided in the future. This article describes the international framework and its effective application in the South African courts, through a discussion of four Constitutional Court cases dealing with children in conflict with the law. The article discusses the arguments that were advanced in the cases and illustrates the litigation strategies that were employed. The case discussions explore the extent to which the international law was applied, directly or indirectly, by the courts, and assess the jurisprudential and practical impact of the international instruments.
Challenges in the Guardianship of Unaccompanied Minors Seeking Asylum
Authors: Hedlund Daniel , Salmonsson Lisa
Published: August 2018

In this paper we explore the research literature relating to the guardianship of unaccompanied minors seeking asylum. In particular, we seek to find out what type of dilemmas have been identified by research concerning the guardianship of unaccompanied minors, and the focus that the literature has therefore taken. A comprehensive search of identified databases was conducted. Ultimately, 38 publications were selected for analysis. The review was qualitative and inductive. The results of the review suggest that research has identified and focused on challenges in the form of diverging policy such as gaps and inconsistencies in guardianship institutions, as well as challenges in balancing different objectives concerning the guardianship role, such as conflicting interest in the guardianship assignment or between different actors involved in protecting the child’s interest.

The conclusion is that different configurations of guardianship institutions, as well as the identified challenges for practice, appear to be related to the welfare state model. Therefore, future research concerning guardianship for unaccompanied minors needs to move beyond legal sources and policy documents by focusing on empirically informed research on the relationship between child care/protection, principles of assessing the best interest of the child and the welfare state systems.
The Matatiele Archaeology and Rock Art (MARA) Program Excavations: The Archaeology of Mafusing 1 Rock Shelter, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Pinto Hugo , Archer Will , Witelson David , Regensberg Rae , Baker Stephanie Edwards , Mokhachane Rethabile , Ralimpe Joseph , Ndaba Nkosinathi , Mokhantso Lisedi , Lecheko Puseletso , Challis Sam
Published: August 2018

The rock shelter Mafusing 1 was excavated in 2011 as part of the Matatiele Archaeology and Rock Art orMARAresearch programme initiated in the same year. This programme endeavours to redress the much-neglected history of this region of South Africa, which until 1994 formed part of the wider ‘Transkei’ apartheid homeland. Derricourt’s 1977Prehistoric Man in the Ciskei and Transkeiconstituted the last archaeological survey in this area. However, the coverage for the Matatiele region was limited, and relied largely on van Riet Lowe’s site list of the 1930s. Thus far, theMARAprogramme has documented more than 200 rock art sites in systematic survey and has excavated two shelters – Mafusing 1 (MAF1) and Gladstone 1 (forthcoming). Here we present analyses of the excavated material from theMAF1 site, which illustrates the archaeological component of the wider historical and heritage-related programme focus. Our main findings atMAF1 to date include a continuous, well stratified cultural sequence dating from the middle Holocene up to 2400 cal.BP. Ages obtained from these deposits are suggestive of hunter-gatherer occupation pulses atMAF1, with possible abandonment of the site over the course of two millennia in the middle Holocene. After a major roof collapse altered the morphology of the shelter, there was a significant change in the character of occupation atMAF1, reflected in both the artefact assemblage composition and the construction of a rectilinear structure within the shelter sometime after 2400 cal.BP. The presence of a lithic artefact assemblage from this latter phase of occupation atMAF1 confirms the continued use of the site by hunter-gatherers, while the presence of pottery and in particular the construction of a putative rectilinear dwelling and associated animal enclosure points to occupation of the shelter by agropastoralists. Rock art evidence shows distinct phases, the latter of which may point to religious practices involving rain-serpents and rainmaking possibly performed, in part, for an African farmer audience. This brings into focus a central aim of theMARAprogramme: to research the archaeology of contact between hunter-gatherer and agropastoralist groups.
Legal Aid and Investment Treaty Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Advisory Centre on WTO Law and Investment Experiences
Authors: Schwieder Robert W.
Published: August 2018

This article evaluates the opportunities for and challenges to the establishment of an Advisory Center on International Investment Law (ACIIL), a legal aid facility based on the design of the successful Advisory Centre on WTO Law (ACWL) but focused on investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). Drawing primarily on personal interviews conducted with high-placed sources familiar with the historical attempts at establishing investment advisory centers and/or the ACWL’s origins and operations, it identifies seven ‘lessons learned’ from those experiences. It concludes that, though the ACIIL’s time has come, that center’s future negotiators should be careful to heed the lessons learned by both the ACWL’s founders as well as those diplomats who have previously undertaken ACIIL-like initiatives, which provide invaluable insight into the political, financial, and logistical challenges they will need to overcome.
Investment Treaty Arbitration: Making a Place for Small Claims
Authors: Boon Kristen E.
Published: August 2018

Although international investment agreements are meant to enable investors of all sizes to protect their investments, the reality is that investment treaty arbitration is designed for large claims. In light of this reality, and recognizing that small claims are often not pursued due to the costs and practical obstacles associated with arbitration, this article proposes a simplified system of dispute resolution for claims that fall under a certain amount, such as USD 10 million. Such a mechanism would provide access to justice for small investors or investors with small claims, whose needs, at present, are largely unmet.
State Succession to State Contracts: A New Framework of Analysis for an Unexplored Question
Authors: Dumberry Patrick
Published: August 2018

This article examines the surprisingly unexplored question of State succession to State contracts. It argues that the successor State is not bound by such contracts. The article puts forward a new framework of analysis with regards to this question emphasizing on the importance of two elements. First, the solution depends on the type of succession involved. The analysis shows that, while the principle of succession is firmly established for certain types (cession of territory, unification, integration), it is not for others (secession and dissolution). Second, the solution depends on a number of different factors and circumstances, including the existence of a ‘territorial nexus’ between a contract and the successor State, whether the contract was signed by an organ of a territorial unit of the predecessor State which has a structural continuity with the successor State, and the need to avoid any situation of unjust enrichment.
Combinance in the Evolution of Language: Overcoming Limitations
Authors: Talmy Leonard
Published: August 2018

For early pre-language hominins, the vocal-auditory channel of communication as then organized may have been unable to accommodate any enhancement in the transmission of conceptual content due to three limitations: comparatively low degrees of parameter diversity, iconicity, and fidelity. We propose that these limitations were overcome by an evolutionary development that enabled an advance from the fixed holophrastic calls of earlier species to the open-ended spoken language of our own species. What developed was a “combinant” form of organization.

Such combinance is a system in which smaller units combine to form larger units. At its smallest scale, this process yields a “clave”. In a clave, generally, units from an inventory at a lower tier combine to form the units of an inventory at the next higher tier in accord with a particular set of constraints. In turn, such claves function as the smaller units that combine to form a larger unit, a concatenation, where the higher tier of one clave serves as the lower tier of the next. The longest such concatenation in language consists of six successive claves. Phonetic features combine to form phonemes under the constraints of feature assembly; phonemes combine to form morphemes under the constraints of phonotactics; morphemes combine to form complex words under the constraints of morphology; morphemes and complex words combine to form expressions under the constraints of syntax; expressions combine to form a single speaker’s “monolog” under the constraints of discourse rules; and such monologs combine to form an exchange between speakers under the constraints of turn-taking.

Our analysis characterizes communication at its most general and contrasts different channels of communication. In particular, the vocal-auditory channel of spoken language is extensively contrasted with the somatic-visual channel of signed language, whose classifier system largely lacks the three limitations of the former. To show this difference, the limitations are analyzed in detail (e.g., iconicity is shown to be based on six properties: prorepresentation, covariation, proportionality, proportional directness, cogranularity, and codomainality). In accord with this difference, the signed classifier system demonstrates the cognitive feasibility of communicating advanced conceptual content with little combinance, but the vocal-auditory channel is seen to have needed the incorporation of combinance for spoken language to evolve.
Checklist and comments on the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from the Indian subcontinent
Authors: BURCKHARDT DANIEL , SHARMA ANAMIKA , RAMAN ANANTANARAYANAN
Published: August 2018

A checklist comprising information on taxonomy, distribution and host plants is provided for 161 species of jumping plant-lice from the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) based on published records and museum material. In addition there are 15 species recorded in the literature which are identified to genus only. Museum material provides eight new country and two new state (within India) records. The taxonomy is updated and following nomenclatorial acts are proposed: new genus (1), new generic synonymies (2), designation of type species (1), new species synonymies (5), replacement names for primary homonyms at species level (3), new status of subspecies (3), new combinations (23). Toonapsylla Burckhardt, gen. nov. is described for Psylla cedrelae (Kieffer, 1905). The new genus belongs to Mastigimatinae (Calophyidae) and is probably closest related to Bharatiana and Mastigimas, both associated with Cedrela and Toona (Meliaceae). The new genus is diagnosed and a key is provided for the world genera of Mastigimatinae. The Neoptropical genus Allophorina Hodkinson is transferred here from Mastigimatinae (Calophyidae) to Psyllinae (Psyllidae).
Effects of Different Alcohol Dosages on Steering Behavior in Curve Driving
Authors: Li Zhenlong , Li Xuewei , Zhao Xiaohua , Zhang Qingzhou
Published: August 2018

Objective:

The aim of this article is to explore the detailed characteristics of steering behavior in curve driving at different alcohol dosages.

Background:

Improper operation of the steering wheel is a contributing factor to increased crash risks on curves.

Method:

The experiments were conducted using a driving simulator. Twenty-five licensed drivers were recruited to perform the experiments at the four different breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) levels. The steering angle (SA), steering speed (SS), steering reversal rate (SRR), and peak-to-peak value of the steering angle (PP) were used to characterize the steering behavior. The vehicle’s speed and the number of lane exceedances per kilometer were also used to examine the driving performance.

Results:

The SSs on the 200 m (χ2(3) = 20.67, p < .001), 500 m (χ2(3) = 22.42, p < .001), and 800 m (χ2(3) = 22.86, p < .001) radius curves were significantly faster for drivers under the influence of alcohol compared with those given a placebo. There were significant effects of alcohol on the SRR and PP on the 200 m, 500 m, and 800 m radius curves.

Conclusion:

For all of the curves, the SS, SRR, and PP had a tendency to increase as the BrAC increased. The large PP at a high BrAC, accompanied by the high speed, SS, and SRR, resulted in a high probability of lane exceedance. The use of measures of SS, SRR, and PP aided in the improvement of the accuracy of the intoxication detection for the different types of curves.

Application:

The most important application is to provide guidance for detecting alcohol-impaired-driving.
The estimation algorithm of operative capabilities of complex countermeasures to resist UAVs
Authors: Korobiichuk Igor , Danik Yuriy , Samchyshyn Oleksyj , Dupelich Sergiy , Kachniarz Maciej
Published: August 2018

The proposed observation model provides for calculating the probability of detection of different types of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at a certain range with regard to their tactical and technical characteristics and security equipment capabilities. The comparison of the obtained values of generalized indicators of security equipment use efficiency is based on a specified criterion. To take into account factors that significantly affect a modeling object, calculations are carried out under specified conditions and restrictions. UAVs should be detected until a covering object gets in a swath width given the time required for countermeasures. Based on the software implementation of the algorithm we have evaluated the efficiency of use of hypothetical security equipment for detecting certain types of UAVs, and defined means of further use or improvement.
Entertainment Use and Political Ideology: Linking Worldviews to Media Content
Authors: Long Jacob A. , Eveland William P.
Published: August 2018

This study integrates and builds upon research on moral psychology, entertainment media selection, and political communication that has established a link between political ideology and moral sentiments. An automated content analysis of the lyrics of 37,309 songs across 10 genres assessed the extent of appeals to five different moral domains defined by moral foundations theory. The results of the content analysis are integrated with nationally representative survey data ( N = 1,000) by linking lyrical content with self-reported preference for and exposure to musical genres. We then correlate the content of preferred genres with self-reported moral sentiments and political ideology. We find the moral content of music lyrics in the genres used by respondents is associated with their moral preferences and political ideology.
Conclusion: Digitization and the Continuities of Change in Administrative Information Processing
Authors: Fleer Peter
Published: August 2018

This article summarizes the findings of the contributions collected in the special issue “The Technology of Information, Communication, and Administration—An Entwined History” dedicated to the accelerated mechanization and the later digitization of administrative information processing in the 20th century. It develops a conceptual framework around the notions of administration, process, information, media, and power that allow for situating the contributions within the broad field of interaction spanned by the materiality of hybrid administrative processes and the ideological dynamics in society. It suggests promising lines of research for further studies in the history of administration and information.
Explaining attitudes toward immigrants from Mainland China in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Siu-yau , Chou Kee-lee
Published: August 2018

The tension between immigrants from Mainland China and Hong Kong locals has intensified in recent years. Using an original telephone survey that interviewed a representative sample of the Hong Kong population, this article evaluates three major explanations—economic self-interest, sociotropic concerns and psychological dispositions—for anti-immigrant sentiments. The findings suggest that negative attitudes toward immigrants are significantly related to sociotropic concerns. More importantly, such concerns are more prevalent among respondents who have a strong “Hong Konger” identity. Overall, this article presents new evidence for evaluating the relative influence of different factors in the formation of immigration attitudes in the Greater China region.
Identity Denied: Comparing American or White Identity Denial and Psychological Health Outcomes Among Bicultural and Biracial People
Authors: Albuja Analia F. , Sanchez Diana T. , Gaither Sarah E.
Published: August 2018

Because bicultural and biracial people have two identities within one social domain (culture or race), their identification is often challenged by others. Although it is established that identity denial is associated with poor psychological health, the processes through which this occurs are less understood. Across two high-powered studies, we tested identity autonomy, the perceived compatibility of identities, and social belonging as mediators of the relationship between identity denial and well-being among bicultural and biracial individuals. Bicultural and biracial participants who experienced challenges to their American or White identities felt less freedom in choosing an identity and perceived their identities as less compatible, which was ultimately associated with greater reports of depressive symptoms and stress. Study 2 replicated these results and measured social belonging, which also accounted for significant variance in well-being. The results suggest the processes were similar across populations, highlighting important implications for the generalizability to other dual-identity populations.
Introduction: Turbulent Circulation: Building a Critical Engagement with Logistics
Authors: Chua Charmaine , Danyluk Martin , Cowen Deborah , Khalili Laleh
Published: August 2018

Since the mid-20th century, logistics has evolved into a wide-ranging science of circulation involved in planning and managing flows of innumerable kinds. In this introductory essay, we take stock of the ascendancy and proliferation of logistics, proposing a critical engagement with the field. We argue that logistics is not limited to the management of supply chains, military or corporate. Rather, it is better understood as a calculative logic and spatial practice of circulation that is at the fore of the reorganization of capitalism and war. Viewed from this perspective, the rise of logistics has transformed not only the physical movement of materials but also the very rationality by which space is organized. It has remade economic and military space according to a universalizing logic of abstract flow, exacerbating existing patterns of uneven geographical development. Drawing on the articles that make up this themed issue, we propose that a critical approach to logistics is characterized by three core commitments: (1) a rejection of the field’s self-depiction as an apolitical science of management, along with a commitment to highlighting the relations of power and acts of violence that underpin it; (2) an interest in exposing the flaws, irrationalities, and vulnerabilities of logistical regimes; and (3) an orientation toward contestation and struggle within logistical networks.
Patrols, records and pictures: Demonstrations of Europe in the midst of migration’s crisis
Authors: van Reekum Rogier
Published: August 2018

Migration is not readily seen. A vast infrastructure supports its visualization, making migration visible and actionable. Recent scholarship on the visuality of migration has clearly shown how visualizing migration is an integral part of governing it. Concepts and research approaches from Science and Technology Studies (STS) are particularly appropriate when studying these connections between knowing and doing. In this paper, the performativity of visual methods and their data practices are analysed with respect to the monitoring infrastructure of European border management. Three such methods – patrolling, recording and publicizing – are reconstructed through analysis of their histories and their present. Patrolling involves the tactical domination of terrains. Recording involves the production of documentary objectivity. Publicizing involves the pictorial capture of fleeting realities. These methods are irreducibly political. Their political significance is explored through the concept of demonstrative effects that helps to show how methods of visualising migration at once involve specific demonstrations of the European association that is operative in them. These demonstrations make visible what Europe can and cannot do. The so-called ‘migration crisis’ of Europe turns out to be more than political discourse but entangled with the very methods that render migration apparent and governable.
Moral Emotions and Moral Disengagement: Concurrent and Longitudinal Associations With Aggressive Behavior Among Early Adolescents
Authors: Mazzone Angela , Yanagida Takuya , C. S. Caravita Simona , Strohmeier Dagmar
Published: August 2018

The complex temporal associations among moral disengagement, moral emotions, and aggressive behavior were investigated within a short-term four-wave longitudinal study in a sample of early adolescents (at T1: N = 245; Mage = 12.16 years; SD = 0.85). Moral disengagement and aggressive behavior were investigated by validated self-report scales. Shame and guilt were assessed in response to six-story vignettes. A series of four-wave longitudinal mediation analyses were conducted to test several theoretically meaningful models. Mediation models revealed positive reciprocal longitudinal effects between aggressive behavior and moral disengagement. Aggressive behavior negatively predicted moral emotions, and moral disengagement was negatively associated with moral emotions over time. When testing competing models including all three variables in one model, no theoretical meaningful mediation process emerged: Instead, high moral disengagement predicted lower moral emotions but higher aggressive behavior over time. Results are discussed regarding their practical importance for prevention and intervention programs.
‘Anointed’ and ‘Messiah’: A New Investigation into an Old Problem
Authors: Shahar Meir Ben
Published: August 2018

In most scholarship, the term ‘Messiah’ is used to describe a divinely appointed figure who will come at the end of days. In contrast, in the Bible the term ‭חישמ‬, ‘anointed’, is reserved for a person anointed with oil who holds a high office. This clear-cut distinction has led many scholars to search for the origin of the figure of the Messiah in Second Temple Judaism. This article argues that the origin of the former understanding of the term ‘Messiah’ is found already in biblical anointment narratives. In the historical books of the Bible that narrate the monarchic period (Samuel–Kings), only those who were not eligible for kingship by birth were anointed—some of them by divine decree. When anointing is performed in compliance with divine ordinance, as is the case with Saul, David, and Jehu, it has a soteriological facet.
Narrative Conjuring or the Tales of Two Sisters? The Representations of Hannah and the Witch of Endor in 1 Samuel
Authors: MiChael Matthew
Published: August 2018

The narrative of 1 Samuel opens graphically with the story of Hannah and also closes with the striking story of another woman, the ‘witch’ of Endor. These two women appear to occupy a significant place in the characterizations of 1 Samuel through the strategic locations of Hannah at the birth of Samuel, and the ‘witch’ at the death of Samuel. While past scholarship has described the individual importance of these two stories, the present study engages the intertextual connections between the two stories and the narrative importance of these two stories in the story world of 1 Samuel. Taking account of this intertextuality, the study underscores the hidden polemics inherent in their representations, especially in the staging of these two women in the same narrative space through the different literary echoes in the two stories that intertextually bind these women together as ‘literary sisters’ and mirrors of each other.
‘Dis(re)membered and Unaccounted For’: ‭שגליפ‬ in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Hamley Isabelle
Published: August 2018

Concubines, ‭שגליפ‬ in the Hebrew Bible, are shadowy women whose presence weaves in and out of narratives of violence and conflict. Most of them are unnamed and appear simply in genealogies and harem lists. Their exact legal status is unknown; they stand between primary wives and slave-wives, seemingly legitimate yet treated with little regard or protection. This article examines the narrative patterns surrounding ‭שגליפ‬. Four sets of texts are considered: Bilhah, Jacob's concubine (Gen. 35); the Levite's concubine (Judg. 19); Rizpah, Saul's concubine (2 Sam. 3, 21) and David's concubines (2 Sam. 5, 15, 16, 19, 20). These stories, taken together, reveal a picture of women whose lives were marked by sexual violence and coercion, precariousness and liminality, yet these were women whose legitimate position made them highly vulnerable within the political conflicts of their time. Narrative subtlety and intertextual echoes ensure that their stories indirectly provide a critique of polygamous marriage and mistreatment of inferior partners.
Investigation of the characteristics of headache due to unruptured intracranial vertebral artery dissection
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroaki , Hanayama Hiroaki , Sakurai Yasuo , Minami Hiroaki , Masuda Atsushi , Tominaga Shogo , Miyaji Katsuya , Yamaura Ikuya , Yoshida Yasuhisa , Hirata Yutaka
Published: August 2018

Background and purpose

It is sometimes difficult to diagnose intracranial vertebral artery dissection in patients with headache as the only symptom. Knowledge of the characteristics of the headache would facilitate the diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to clarify the characteristics of intracranial vertebral artery dissection-related headache using our original self-administered questionnaire.

Methods

Via the questionnaire, we ascertained headache characteristics and investigated whether they differed between two types of unruptured intracranial vertebral artery dissection, headache type and ischemic type, based on analysis of the responses. Then, we tried to validate the consistency of commonly used criteria for intracranial artery dissection by comparing them with our results.

Results

Thirty-seven patients were analyzed. Our results identified the following seven headache characteristics in patients with intracranial vertebral artery dissection: (i) occurring in the occipitonuchal region (89%); (ii) unilateral (81%); (iii) pulsatile (70%); (iv) of acute onset (70%); (v) severe (73%); (vi) without nausea or vomiting (73%); and (vii) with concomitant clinical symptoms unrelated to ischemia (81%). Comparison of headache characteristics between the two types of intracranial vertebral artery dissection headache showed that the pain was significantly more severe in headache type than ischemic type intracranial vertebral artery dissection ( p = 0.01). Concomitant clinical symptoms occurred significantly more often in ischemic type than headache type intracranial vertebral artery dissection ( p = 0.03). Our results generally satisfied the established headache diagnostic criteria.

Conclusion

The pain characteristics of headache type and ischemic type intracranial vertebral artery dissection shown in our study may facilitate its diagnosis.
The Influence of Community Sociocultural Context on Creating an Effective, Coordinated Response to Sexual Assault
Authors: Greeson Megan R. , Soibatian Christina , Houston-Kolnik Jaclyn D.
Published: August 2018

Members of Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs) coordinate and improve the community response to sexual assault. A SART’s effectiveness is likely influenced by its sociocultural context, or the norms, values, and beliefs of the local community. However, this has yet to be empirically examined. We conducted a qualitative study to explore how sociocultural context may influence effectiveness within a sample of 169 leaders of 169 U.S. SARTs. SART leaders believed that specific norms and beliefs held by the general public in their community (rape myths and victim blame, denial of sexual assault happening locally, taboos against discussing sexual assault, and a male-dominated environment) delegitimized sexual assault as a problem that deserved public intervention. Leaders believed these led community members to resist the team’s efforts, by decreasing the community’s support and buy-in to the SART, interfering with efforts to make services accessible to survivors, and obstructing the SART’s ability to effectively respond to cases. And some leaders believed highly interconnected communities compromised the accessibility and objectivity of systems that respond to sexual assault. SARTs need to carefully tailor their efforts to improve accessibility of systems, and the response to sexual assault cases, to their unique local sociocultural context.
Profilassi antibiotica nelle procedure urologiche
Authors: Rizzo Michele , Trombetta Carlo
Published: August 2018

Antibiotic prophylaxis in urological procedures

Thousands of patients receive every day an antibiotic prophylaxis before diagnostic or therapeutic urological procedures. Aim of antibiotic prophylaxis is to reduce the risk of infective complications, unfortunately good quality evidences for the best choice of prophylaxis strategy are often lacking. Nowadays antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem caused primarily by overuse of antibiotics. It is the responsibility of all physicians to practice antibiotic stewardship avoiding the unnecessary use of this precious drugs. Given the previous consideration prophylaxis should be chosen on the base of the best evidences, if evidences are lacking prophylaxis should be tailored on the base of each patient individual features and risk factor for infection complications. This narrative review of antibiotic prophylaxis in urological procedure resumes the principle to follow for the correct management of antibiotic prophylaxis in urological procedure.
Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Children and Adolescents following Road Traffic Accidents: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dai Wenjie , Liu Aizhong , Kaminga Atipatsa C. , Deng Jing , Lai Zhiwei , Wen Shi Wu
Published: August 2018

Objective:

Children and adolescents are among the most vulnerable road users, and road traffic accidents (RTAs) can lead to not only physical injuries but also adverse psychological outcomes, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, estimates of the prevalence of PTSD among children and adolescents following RTAs varied considerably across studies. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PTSD among this population.

Methods:

A systematic search for literature was performed in the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran’s chi-square test and quantified by the I2 value. Meta-regression analyses were carried out to identify the effects of some potential moderators on the overall heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PTSD according to some sample characteristics.

Results:

Eleven eligible studies with a total of 1532 children and adolescents who were involved in RTAs were included. The overall heterogeneity ( I2 = 89.7, P < 0.001) was high across the eligible studies, and the pooled prevalence of PTSD was 19.95% (95% confidence interval, 13.63% to 27.09%) by a random-effects model. No significant moderators of the overall heterogeneity were identified using meta-regression analyses. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled prevalence of PTSD differed significantly according to the study location and gender ( P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

One-fifth of children and adolescents developed PTSD in the aftermath of RTAs, indicating the need for regular assessment of PTSD and timely and effective psychological interventions among this population. Furthermore, more population-based studies with a large sample size are warranted. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (No. CRD42018087941).
Circadian-based Treatment Strategy Effective in the BACHD Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Whittaker Daniel S. , Loh Dawn H. , Wang Huei-Bin , Tahara Yu , Kuljis Dika , Cutler Tamara , Ghiani Cristina A. , Shibata Shigenobu , Block Gene D. , Colwell Christopher S.
Published: August 2018

Huntington’s disease (HD) patients suffer from progressive neurodegeneration that results in cognitive, psychiatric, cardiovascular, and motor dysfunction. Disturbances in sleep-wake cycles are common among HD patients with reports of delayed sleep onset, frequent bedtime awakenings, and excessive fatigue. The BACHD mouse model exhibits many HD core symptoms including circadian dysfunction. Because circadian dysfunction manifests early in the disease in both patients and mouse models, we sought to determine if early interventions that improve circadian rhythmicity could benefit HD symptoms and delay disease progression. We evaluated the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on the BACHD mouse model. At 3 months of age, the animals were divided into 2 groups: ad lib and TRF. The TRF-treated BACHD mice were exposed to a 6-h feeding/18-h fasting regimen that was designed to be aligned with the middle (ZT 15-21) of the period when mice are normally active (ZT 12-24). Following 3 months of treatment (when mice reached the early disease stage), the TRF-treated BACHD mice showed improvements in their locomotor activity and sleep behavioral rhythms. Furthermore, we found improved heart rate variability, suggesting that their autonomic nervous system dysfunction was improved. On a molecular level, TRF altered the phase but not the amplitude of the PER2::LUC rhythms measured in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, treated BACHD mice exhibited improved motor performance compared with untreated BACHD controls, and the motor improvements were correlated with improved circadian output. It is worth emphasizing that HD is a genetically caused disease with no known cure. Lifestyle changes that not only improve the quality of life but also delay disease progression for HD patients are greatly needed. Our study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of circadian-based treatment strategies in a preclinical model of HD.
Moderators of the Association Between Exposure to Violence in Community, Family, and Dating Contexts and Substance Use Disorder Risk Among North American Indigenous Adolescents
Authors: Hautala Dane , Sittner Kelley
Published: August 2018

Exposure to violence and substance abuse are salient public health concerns among Indigenous people (i.e., American Indian and Canadian First Nations). Despite this, little research has examined the association between the two among community-based reservation/reserve samples, or factors within the broader social environment that may moderate this association. As such, the purpose of the study is to examine ecological moderators of the association between direct (i.e., dating violence victimization) and indirect (i.e., current perceptions of community violence and prospective caretaker-reported victimization exposure) exposure to violence and meeting diagnostic criteria for a substance use disorder among a large longitudinal sample of Indigenous youth and their caretakers in the upper-Midwest of the United States and Canada ( N = 521). Data come from the last two waves of the study, when the adolescents were between the ages of 16 and 19 years. The results show relatively high rates of direct and indirect violence exposure by late adolescence. Logistic regression models with added interaction terms were examined to test moderating effects. Per capita family income and remote location both amplified the positive association between current community violence exposure and substance use disorder risk. Family warmth and support buffered the association between caretaker victimization exposure and substance use disorder risk, whereas dating violence victimization exposure amplified this association. The findings are contextualized for Indigenous communities, and substance abuse prevention and intervention implications are discussed.
Urban living laboratories: Conducting the experimental city?
Authors: Bulkeley Harriet , Marvin Simon , Palgan Yuliya Voytenko , McCormick Kes , Breitfuss-Loidl Marija , Mai Lindsay , von Wirth Timo , Frantzeskaki Niki
Published: August 2018

The recent upsurge of interest in the experimental city as an arena within and through which urban sustainability is governed marks not only the emergence of the proliferation of forms of experimentation – from novel governance arrangements to demonstration projects, transition management processes to grassroots innovations – but also an increasing sensibility amongst the research community that urban interventions can be considered in experimental terms. Yet as research has progressed, it has become clear that experimentation is not a singular phenomenon that can be readily understood using any one conceptual entry point. In this paper, we focus on one particular mode of experimentation – the urban living laboratory (ULL) – and develop a typology through which to undertake a comparative analysis of 40 European ULLs, to understand how and why such forms of experimentation are being designed and implemented, and to identify the particular forms of experimentation they entail. We argue that there are distinct types of ULL taking shape, delimited by the ways in which they are designed and deployed through, on the one hand, specific kinds of configuration and practice and, on the other hand, by the ways in which they take laboratory form: the different dispositions towards the laboratory they entail. We propose three ‘ideal’ ULL types – strategic, civic and organic – and argue that these can be placed along the spectrum of four dispositions: trial, enclave, demonstration and platform.
Book Review: Ram Charan and Geri Willigan, The High-Potential Leader: How to Grow Fast, Take on New Responsibilities and Make an Impact
Authors: Jena Lalatendu Kesari , Behera Pritish
Published: August 2018

Ram Charan and Geri Willigan, The High-Potential Leader: How to Grow Fast, Take on New Responsibilities and Make an Impact, 1st Edition, 2017, Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Publishers, 240 pp., US$30 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-1-119-28695-0.
Book Review: Daniel Burrus, The Anticipatory Organisation
Authors: Kumar Ashok
Published: August 2018

Daniel Burrus, The Anticipatory Organisation, 2017, Austin, Texas: Greenleaf Book Group Press, 195 pp., US$21.95 (Hardbound). ISBN: 978-1-62634-446-4
Dynamics of Land Inequality: Polarization or Pauperization?
Authors: Krishnaji N.
Published: August 2018

This paper looks at land ownership in rural India. It shows a high concentration of land in the hands of the rich at the top along with a proliferation of small holdings and a steady growth in numbers of rural labour households among whom a significant proportion own and cultivate some land. The underlying processes are analysed here using a Marxian framework, more specifically the models of Karl Kautsky and V.I. Lenin that extend the Marxian logic to agrarian structures. They note in particular that among the differentiated peasantry the small ones can survive without losing their land by several means that include the proverbial 'tightening of the belt' to reduce household consumption levels, as also to other factors such as their ability to lease in land to the extent possible and their entry into markets as sellers of the produce of commercial crops. The analysis shows a broad consistency of the Indian data with the Kautsky and Lenin models. It is seen that, apart from this, the state has played a major role – one that is a necessary part of populist politics – in supporting the small peasantry.