bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Haemangioma in the oesophagus of a red-eared slider ( Trachemys scripta elegans )
Authors: Gál János , Jakab Csaba , Szabó Zoltán , Pazár Péter , Psáder Roland , Roeber Florian , Hegyi Árpád , Lefler Kinga , Farkas Balázs , Mándoki Míra
Published: November 2009

A haemangioma developing in the wall of the oesophagus and protruding into its cavity is reported for the first time from a Red-eared Slider (
Trachemys scripta elegans
). As the tumour mechanically hampered swallowing, the animal was unable to eat and consequently developed a poor condition. Histopathology of the tumour revealed all characteristics of a haemangioma: the blood-filled blood-vessels having an irregular cross-section were lined with endothelial cells. Claudin-5 immunohistochemical antibodies were employed for characterising the tumour, and this examination confirmed our initial diagnosis of a haemangioma.
Distribution of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) nerve structures in the porcine large intestine
Authors: Gonkowski Slawomir , Burliński Piotr , Skobowiat Cezary , Majewski Mariusz , Arciszewski Marcin , Radziszewski Piotr , Całka Jarosław
Published: November 2009

The aim of the present study was to investigate the number of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) nerve structures in the large intestine of juvenile pigs. The distribution pattern of CART-LI structures was studied by immunohistochemistry in the circular muscle layer, myenteric (MP), outer submucous (OSP) and inner submucous plexus (ISP) as well as in the mucosal layer of six regions of the large bowel: caecum, centripetal and centrifugal turns of the proximal colon, transverse colon, descending colon and rectum. CART-LI neural structures were observed in all gut fragments studied. CART-LI nerve fibres were numerous within the circular muscle layer and in the MP of all the regions studied, while they were moderate or few in number in other layers of the intestinal wall. The numbers of CART-LI neurons within the MP amounted to 2.02% in the caecum to 7.92% in the rectum, within the OSP from 2.73% in the centrifugal turns of the proximal colon to 5.70% in the rectum, and within the ISP from 2.23% in the transverse colon to 5.32% in the centrifugal turns of the proximal colon. The present study reports for the first time a detailed description of the CART distribution pattern within the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the porcine large intestine.
Circulating Tumor Cells: Evolving Evidence and Future Challenges
Authors: Dotan Efrat , Cohen Steven J. , Alpaugh Katherine R. , Meropol Neal J.
Published: November 2009

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare malignant cells found in the peripheral blood that originate from the primary tumor or metastatic sites. New techniques have been developed to isolate and characterize these cells. CTC enumeration has been incorporated into different fields of oncology as a prognostic marker, a tool to monitor therapy response, and a method to understand basic tumor characteristics. This review covers the different techniques available for isolation of CTCs, the clinical utility of CTCs in breast, prostate, and colon cancer, and future directions in this field.
Prognostic Factors for Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with pN2 Status: Implications for Use of Postoperative Radiotherapy
Authors: Moretti Luigi , Yu David S. , Chen Heidi , Carbone David P. , Johnson David H. , Keedy Vicki L. , Putnam Joe B. , Sandler Alan B. , Shyr Yu , Lu Bo
Published: November 2009

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Analyze the clinical trial data and controversies for the use of PORT in NSCLC.Identify populations of lung cancer patients that may benefit from PORT and describe the possible implications of factors such as ECE status for selecting patients in the N2 population.Debate the need for new well-designed, randomized trials.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.

Background.

For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with pN2 status, the use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) remains controversial. Here, we investigated the association between different clinicopathological features and postoperative therapy and local control and survival in patients with resected pN2 NSCLC.

Methods.

We retrospectively analyzed 83 patients with pN2 NSCLC who underwent resection at Vanderbilt University Medical Center between 1994 and 2004. The relationship between 10 prognostic factors—gender, age at diagnosis, histology, tumor size, number of nodal stations involved, positive node number, surgical margin, extracapsular extension (ECE), and use of postoperative chemotherapy and PORT—and 2-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) rates was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards ratios, respectively.

Results.

On univariate analysis, PORT was significantly associated with greater LRFS, RFS, and OS rates, whereas chemotherapy was associated with a trend toward a higher OS rate. Negative surgical margins were predictive of a higher OS rate, and negative ECE was associated with higher LRFS and RFS rates. On multivariate analysis, only PORT and negative ECE were associated with a higher LRFS rate. On subgroup analysis, in negative ECE patients, PORT was significantly associated with a higher OS rate.

Conclusions.

PORT is associated with a higher OS rate for patients with resected pN2 NSCLC with negative ECE but not with positive ECE. The absence of ECE may serve as a useful prognostic variable in the selection of pN2 NSCLC patients for PORT and warrants further investigation in randomized clinical trials.
Current Approach to Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Merchant Melinda S. , Mackall Crystal L.
Published: November 2009

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the heterogeneous histologies of soft tissue sarcomas that may occur in pediatric and young adult patients.Explain biology, risk classification, prognosis, and rational clinical management of pediatric type and adult type soft tissue sarcomas.Discuss the ways in which the histology and stage of cancer are currently used to devise treatment plans and how monitoring subsets (such as subtype of sarcoma, adequacy of resection, age of patient, and duration of therapy) and trying novel agents may improve results in pediatric STS.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.

The development of a new soft tissue lesion in an otherwise healthy child, adolescent, or young adult can present many challenges for pediatric or medical oncology teams. Although uncommon, the diagnosis of a soft tissue malignancy should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent pain, even if no mass is palpable. The definitive diagnosis and treatment of a soft tissue mass is aided by timely scans, appropriate biopsy for anatomic and molecular pathology, and a treatment approach guided by the specific diagnosis. Because pediatric soft tissue sarcomas are rare, cooperative groups play a crucial role in defining the standard of care through retrospective series and well-designed prospective clinical trials. Enrollment of newly diagnosed patients in clinical studies should be encouraged in order to continue to improve outcomes and understanding of these rare tumors. This review focuses on the current recommendations for management of sarcomas that typically occur in the soft tissues of pediatric and young adult patients.
Psychometric Properties of the Revised Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ-R)
Authors: Monsma Eva V , Short Sandra E , Hall Craig R , Gregg Melanie , Sullivan Phil
Published: November 2009

The revised Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ-R: Hall & Martin, 1997) assesses visual and kinesthetic movement imagery abilities and has become a popular questionnaire in sport and exercise psychology research. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the MIQ-R including internal consistency, stability, factor structure, and gender invariance. There were 325 male (n = 136) and female (n = 189) athletes/dancers who participated in the study. Gender-specific internal consistency coefficients ranged from .83 to .89 and the test-retest reliabilities over a one week period for the subscales were .80 for visual and .81 for kinesthetic imagery abilities. The best model fit from confirmatory factor analyses results was for a 2-factor structure with an interrelationship between the subscales. These results support the finding that visual and kinesthetic imagery abilities are separate but related constructs. An examination of invariance by gender indicated that the model fit females better than males.
Relation of the Leu40Arg variant of glycoprotein IIIA to personal and family history of myocardial infarction
Authors: Līcis Normunds , Latkovskis Gustavs , Krivmane Baiba , Zabunova Milāna , Berzina Marina , Juhnevica Dace , Ērglis Andrejs
Published: November 2009

Relation of the Leu40Arg variant of glycoprotein IIIA to personal and family history of myocardial infarction

GPIIb/IIIa fibrinogen receptor is a key element of the thrombotic pathway. In this study, we investigated the possible relation of PlA1/A2 polymorphism (1565T>C; Leu33Pro) and a rare 1586T>G (Leu40Arg) variation of GPIIIa gene to personal and family history of myocardial infarction (MI) among 601 patients with angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease. Four hundred and fifteen patients had MI and 94 of individuals reported family history of premature MI. The Arg40 (1586G) variant (n = 4) was present exclusively in MI-patients and significantly correlated with a family history of premature MI (P = 0.013), whereas the Pro33 (1565C; PlA2) allele (n = 204) was similarly prevalent among different groups of patients. These data indicate the importance of the Arg40 variant but do not support a significant role of Pro33 allele in susceptibility to MI.
Fast object detection in digital grayscale images
Authors: Lorencs Aivars , Mednieks Ints , Siņica-Siņavskis Juris
Published: November 2009

Fast object detection in digital grayscale images

The problem of specific object detection in digital grayscale images is considered under the following conditions: relatively small image fragments can be analysed (a priori information about the size of objects is available); images contain a varying undefined background (clutter) of larger objects; processing time should be minimised and must be independent from the image contents; proposed methods should provide for efficient implementation in application-specific electronic circuits. The last two conditions reflect the aim to propose approaches suitable for application in real time systems where known sophisticated methods would be inapplicable. The research is motivated by potential applications in the food industry (detection of contaminants in products from their X-ray images), medicine (detection of anomalies in fragments of computer tomography images etc.). Possible objects to be detected may include compact small objects, curved lines in different directions, and small regions of pixels with brightness different from the background. The paper describes proposed image processing approaches to detection of such objects and the results obtained from processing of sample food images.
Alpha 1-atitrypsin deficiency: from genetic routes to bedside
Authors: Lāce Baiba , Krams Alvils , Pilāns Didzis , Krūmiņa Astrīda
Published: November 2009

Alpha 1-atitrypsin deficiency: from genetic routes to bedside

Alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is a one of the most common genetic disorders in Caucasians. It is characterised by low serum levels of A1AT and a high risk of pulmonary emphysema and liver disease at a young age. The disease is caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, which belongs to a cluster of protease inhibitor genes, with the main protein function of reducing the activity of serine-type endopeptidases, like neutrophil elastase. The most common mutation is E342K (Z), which is frequently found in northern Europeans. This mutation most probably arose in southern Sweden; however, the highest frequency of the Z mutation reported so far is in western Latvia. A1AT deficiency is not a widely recognised clinical problem. Disease onset most probably occurs in early adulthood with non-specific symptoms, like dyspnoea and recurrent pulmonary events, and it is triggered by certain risk factors, like smoking and working in an unfavourable environment.
Ageing and production of the cytokines in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia
Authors: Kurjāne Nataļja , Brūvere Rūta , Gabruševa Natālija , Hagina Elvīra , Zvagule Tija , Jaunalksne Inta , Feldmane Guna , Volrāte Ārija , Voskresenska Natālija
Published: November 2009

Ageing and production of the cytokines in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia

Chronic low-grade inflammation with subsequent impairment of immune system function promotes the development of age-related diseases, such as cancers, degenerative and infection diseases. It is not yet clear, if exposure to ionising radiation accelerates the aging process. The aim of the present work was to estimate the production of several cytokines by peripheral blood cells of Latvia's Chernobyl clean-up workers depending on age. ELISA was employed to determine the plasma level of sIL-1β and sIL-6 as well as level of IL-4 and TNF-α spontaneous and 24h and 96h after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) mitogens were determined in 40 Chernobyl clean-up workers 17 years after their work in Chernobyl and in 42 blood-donors without a history of occupational radiation exposure. The ability of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) to produce interferons (IFNs) was determined in 73 Chernobyl clean-up workers 15 years after the work in Chernobyl and in age-matched 63 blood-donors. IFNs were tested in whole blood cultures by standard virus cytopathic inhibition micromethod after their in vitro induction by Newcastle disease virus, phytohemagglutinin or double-stranded RNA. Individuals were divided into three age groups: age < 40, age 40-49 and age > 50. The ability of PBL to produce IFN was significantly decreased in all Chernobyl clean-up worker age groups in comparison with blood-donors (control groups). The incidence of good ability to produce IFN gradually decreased with age in the control group, but increased with age in aged-matched Chernobyl clean-up workers groups. The production TNF-α and IL-4 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as sIL-1β level in plasma showed no significant differences between all the examined age groups. The sIL-6 level was gradually increased with age in Chernobyl clean-up workers. Our results showed that the concentration of pro-inflammation cytokine sIL-6 in peripheral blood plasma, as well as the ability of PBL to produce IFNs, in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia is age dependent.
Theory of Mind and evidentiality in Romani-Bulgarian bilingual children
Authors: Kyuchukov Hristo , De Villiers Jill
Published: November 2009

Theory of Mind and evidentiality in Romani-Bulgarian bilingual children

The paper reports two studies of the development of false belief reasoning in bilingual Roma children in Bulgaria. No previous work has considered Roma children. Two studies were conducted, and in the second study the Roma children spoke a dialect of Romani that contains evidential markers, as does Bulgarian, their second language. Results reveal no advantage of bilingualism, and similar results with age to that found in other groups across the world. The bilingual group had better understanding of evidentials than the monolingual Bulgarian group, possibly related to the linguistic character of the markings. There is contradictory evidence about the relation of ToM and understanding of evidentiality.
Lexical base as a compressed language model of the world (on material from the Ukrainian language)
Authors: Buk Solomiya
Published: November 2009

Lexical base as a compressed language model of the world (on material from the Ukrainian language)

In the article the fact is verified that the list of words selected by formal statistical methods (frequency and functional genre unrestrictedness) is not a conglomerate of non-related words. It creates a system of interrelated items and it can be named the "lexical base of language". This selected list of words covers all the spheres of human activities. To verify this statement the invariant synoptical scheme common for ideographic dictionaries of different languages was determined.
Short communications
Authors: Janowski Konrad , Tatala Małgorzata
Published: November 2009

Short communications

Broca's aphasia is still a relatively poorly understood phenomenon. The Trace Deletion Hypothesis is one of the attempts made to explain linguistically comprehension deficits observable in this disorder. The article presents the main assumptions, claims and consequences of this hypothesis, as well as criticisms it has raised in the literature. This hypothesis offers an opportunity for shedding more light on the issue of agrammatism in Broca's aphasia, and also for improving our understanding of the phenomenon of aphasia as such and, consequently, our understanding of language processing in the human mind.
Shrinking Cities: Causes and Effects of Urban Population Losses in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Rieniets Tim
Published: November 2009

In the past two centuries, urban growth has increased at a rapid pace, mainly driven by the demographic impact of industrialization. Besides urban growth, as this article argues, effects of industrialization have likewise intensified urban shrinkage. Cities of the industrial age have experienced unprecedented economic crises followed by waves of out-migration; they have suffered from violent destruction, made possible by the mechanization of war; they have been drained by suburbanization driven by an industrialized building sector and increasing private car ownership; and they have undergone processes of deindustrialization followed by losses of workplaces and population. This article outlines the historic development of urban shrinkage in the twentieth century, with a particular focus on the aged industrial countries. Based on an extensive evaluation of historic population data, the article provides an overview of the most relevant causes of shrinking cities, and offers an outlook on future demographic trends.
Wilderness: The Nature of Urban Shrinkage? The Debate on Urban Restructuring and Restoration in Eastern Germany
Authors: Rink Dieter
Published: November 2009

Since about the 1980s shrinkage has become a new normality especially for European cities and urban regions. As a consequence of the shrinking process, new dimensions of wastelands appear in the affected cities. Urban planners have to find solutions for these “holes” in the urban fabric and new visions are needed for open spaces. In the last few years, the wilderness concept has emerged in the planning field and it has become a fashionable term, in particular in urban restructuring in eastern Germany. If wilderness is a usable concept for urban restructuring, can wilderness be a new structuring element for urban planning? This article analyzes the mechanisms of formation of wasteland in shrinking cities, and then focuses on related debates in urban planning as well as the debates in urban ecology and nature conservation research. The article concludes by considering different aspects of these debates and the question of which role wilderness can play in shrinking cities is discussed.
Can We? The Audacity of Environmental Hope
Authors: Bell Michael M.
Published: November 2009

Friedman, Thomas L. 2008. Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution and How It Can Renew America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.

Hawken, Paul. 2007. Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Social Movement in History Is Restoring Grace, Justice, and Beauty to the World. New York: Penguin.
Differences in Cardiovascular Health at the Intersection of Race, Ethnicity, and Sexual Identity
Authors: Rosendale Nicole , Wood Andrew J. , Leung Cindy W. , Kim Anthony S. , Caceres Billy A.
Published: May 2024

Importance

An understanding of the intersectional effect of sexual identity, race, and ethnicity on disparities in cardiovascular health (CVH) has been limited.

Objective

To evaluate differences in CVH at the intersection of race, ethnicity, and sexual identity using the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 measure.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 27 to September 6, 2023, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2016. Participants were noninstitutionalized, nonpregnant adults (aged 18-59 years) without cardiovascular disease or stroke.

Exposures

Self-reported sexual identity, categorized as heterosexual or sexual minority (SM; lesbian, gay, bisexual, or “something else”), and self-reported race and ethnicity, categorized as non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black), Hispanic, non-Hispanic White (hereafter, White), and other (Asian, multiracial, or any other race and ethnicity).

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was overall CVH score, which is the unweighted mean of 8 CVH metrics, assessed from questionnaire, dietary, and physical examination data. Regression models stratified by sex, race, and ethnicity were developed for the overall CVH score and individual CVH metrics, adjusting for age, survey year, and socioeconomic status (SES) factors.

Results

The sample included 12 180 adults (mean [SD] age, 39.6 [11.7] years; 6147 [50.5%] male, 2464 [20.2%] Black, 3288 [27.0%] Hispanic, 5122 [42.1%] White, and 1306 [10.7%] other race and ethnicity). After adjusting for age, survey year, and SES, Black (β, −3.2; 95% CI, −5.8 to −0.6), Hispanic (β, −5.9; 95% CI, −10.3 to −1.5), and White (β, −3.3; 95% CI, −6.2 to −0.4) SM female adults had lower overall CVH scores compared with their heterosexual counterparts. There were no statistically significant differences for female adults of other race and ethnicity (β, −2.8; 95% CI, −9.3 to 3.7) and for SM male adults of any race and ethnicity compared with their heterosexual counterparts (Black: β, 2.2 [95% CI, −1.2 to 5.7]; Hispanic: β, −0.9 [95% CI, −6.3 to 4.6]; White: β, 1.5 [95% CI, −2.2 to 5.2]; other race and ethnicity: β, −2.2 [95% CI, −8.2 to 3.8]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, CVH differed across race and ethnicity categories in SM females, suggesting that different communities within the larger SM population require tailored interventions to improve CVH. Longitudinal studies are needed to identify the causes of CVH disparities, particularly in Black and Hispanic SM females and inclusive of other racial and ethnic identities.
A field experiment demonstrating person misidentification at an appointed meeting place
Authors: Miura Hiroshi , Shimane Daisuke , Itoh Yuji
Published: May 2024

Mistaking a person for another sometimes occurs; however, few studies have examined it experimentally. Therefore, the reasons behind this kind of person misidentification and its occurrence rate remain unclear, and thus we aimed to demonstrate person misidentification occurs with a certain probability through a field experiment. We also sought to examine whether the similarity between two people affects the occurrence of person misidentification. When 66 undergraduate participants made a rendezvous with an acquaintance, another person who wore similar clothes to the acquaintance or had a similar face appeared. The results showed that in both the conditions, approximately half of the participants made the person misidentification error, and one‐fourth even spoke to the person mistakenly. Moreover, the results indicated that clothing contributed to person misidentification just as much as the face at first sight but became less important over time. This suggests a dynamic shift in person identification depending on time.
AI and Synaesthetic Space: Architecture from Hybrid Visions of Intelligent Machines
Authors: Battelli Cesare
Published: May 2024

One of AI's core abilities is the conjuring up of images that seem familiar to us, based on our individual visual and architectural preoccupations. This splicing of the known with the unknown can create a sense of déjà vu that is both centred and defamiliarised. Italian artist, architect and researcher in visionary architecture Cesare Battelli takes us through some of the characters of the past who have utilised such creative tactics.
This Is Not a Building: Architecting the Spectrality of the Latent Space
Authors: Ennemoser Benjamin , Mayrhofer‐Hufnagl Ingrid
Published: May 2024

AI and its operations might be perceived as series of fields of almost infinite latencies – of possibilities and potential times of dataset flowerings or bloomings – that are programmable but still surprising. Assistant Professor of Architecture at Texas A&M University Benjamin Ennemoser and Innsbruck University‐ based architect and researcher Ingrid Mayrhofer‐Hufnagl explain this concept, its implications for architectural creativity and our newfound ability to operate in an interstitial, fluid space between matter and bits and bytes.
Engineering Bimetallic Polyphenol for Mild Photothermal Osteosarcoma Therapy and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling by Activating Pyroptosis and cGAS‐STING Pathway
Authors: Liu Kaiyuan , Zan Pengfei , Li Zihua , Lu Hengli , Liu Peng , Zhang Li , Wang Hongsheng , Ma Xiaojun , Chen Feng , Zhao Jing , Sun Wei
Published: May 2024

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME) of osteosarcoma (OS) poses a significant obstacle to the efficacy of existing immunotherapies. Despite the attempt of novel immune strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumor vaccines, their effectiveness remains suboptimal due to the inherent difficulty in mitigating ITME simultaneously from both the tumor and immune system. The promotion of anti‐tumor immunity through the induction of immunogenic cell death and activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway has emerged as potential strategies to counter the ITME and stimulate systemic antitumor immune responses. Here, a bimetallic polyphenol‐based nanoplatform (Mn/Fe‐Gallate nanoparticles coated with tumor cell membranes is presented, MFG@TCM) which combines with mild photothermal therapy (PTT) for reversing ITME via simultaneously inducing pyroptosis in OS cells and activating the cGAS‐STING pathway in dendritic cells (DCs). The immunostimulatory pathways, through the syngeneic effect, exerted a substantial positive impact on promoting the secretion of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and proinflammatory cytokines, which favors remodeling the immune microenvironment. Consequently, effector T cells led to a notable antitumor immune response, effectively inhibiting the growth of both primary and distant tumors. This study proposes a new method for treating OS using mild PTT and immune mudulation, showing promise in overcoming current treatment limitations.
Autonomous Artificial Olfactory Sensor Systems with Homeostasis Recovery via a Seamless Neuromorphic Architecture
Authors: Jang Young‐Woo , Kim Jaehyun , Shin Jaewon , Jo Jeong‐Wan , Shin Jong Wook , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Cho Sung Woon , Park Sung Kyu
Published: May 2024

Neuromorphic olfactory systems have been actively studied in recent years owing to their considerable potential in electronic noses, robotics, and neuromorphic data processing systems. However, conventional gas sensors typically have the ability to detect hazardous gas levels but lack synaptic functions such as memory and recognition of gas accumulation, which are essential for realizing human‐like neuromorphic sensory system. In this study, a seamless architecture for a neuromorphic olfactory system capable of detecting and memorizing the present level and accumulation status of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during continuous gas exposure, regulating a self‐alarm implementation triggered after 147 and 85 s at a continuous gas exposure of 20 and 40 ppm, respectively. Thin‐film‐transistor type gas sensors utilizing carbon nanotube semiconductors detect NO2 gas molecules through carrier trapping and exhibit long‐term retention properties, which are compatible with neuromorphic excitatory applications. Additionally, the neuromorphic inhibitory performance is also characterized via gas desorption with programmable ultraviolet light exposure, demonstrating homeostasis recovery. These results provide a promising strategy for developing a facile artificial olfactory system that demonstrates complicated biological synaptic functions with a seamless and simplified system architecture.
A Dual‐Channel Ca2+ Nanomodulator Induces Intracellular Ca2+ Disorders via Endogenous Ca2+ Redistribution for Tumor Radiosensitization
Authors: Wang Dianyu , Jia Haixue , Cao Hongmei , Hou Xiaoxue , Wang Qian , Lin Jia , Liu Jinjian , Yang Lijun , Liu Jianfeng
Published: May 2024

Tumor cells harness Ca2+ to maintain cellular homeostasis and withstand external stresses from various treatments. Here, a dual‐channel Ca2+ nanomodulator (CAP‐P‐NO) is constructed that can induce irreversible intracellular Ca2+ disorders via the redistribution of tumor‐inherent Ca2+ for disrupting cellular homeostasis and thus improving tumor radiosensitivity. Stimulated by tumor‐overexpressed acid and glutathione, capsaicin and nitric oxide are successively escaped from CAP‐P‐NO to activate the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 and the ryanodine receptor for the influx of extracellular Ca2+ and the release of Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. The overwhelming level of Ca2+ in tumor cells not only impairs the function of organelles but also induces widespread changes in the gene transcriptome, including the downregulation of a set of radioresistance‐associated genes. Combining CAP‐P‐NO treatment with radiotherapy achieves a significant suppression against both pancreatic and patient‐derived hepatic tumors with negligible side effects. Together, the study provides a feasible approach for inducing tumor‐specific intracellular Ca2+ overload via endogenous Ca2+ redistribution and demonstrates the great potential of Ca2+ disorder therapy in enhancing the sensitivity for tumor radiotherapy.
A Polyplatin with Hands‐Holding Near‐Infrared‐II Fluorophores and Prodrugs at a Precise Ratio for Tracking Drug Fate with Realtime Readout and Treatment Feedback
Authors: Yu Yingjie , Wei Dengshuai , Bing Tiejun , Wang Yongheng , Liu Chaoyong , Xiao Haihua
Published: May 2024

The in vivo fate of chemotherapeutic drugs plays a vital role in understanding the therapeutic outcome, side effects, and the mechanism. However, the lack of imaging abilities of drugs, tedious labeling processes, and premature leakage of imaging agents result in loss of fidelity between the drugs and imaging signals. Herein, an amphiphilic polymer is created by copolymerization of a near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) fluorophore tracer (T) and an anticancer Pt(IV) prodrug (D) of cisplatin in a hand‐holding manner into one polymer chain for the first time. The obtained PolyplatinDT is capable of delivering the drugs and the fluorophores concomitantly at a precise D/T ratio, thereby resulting in tracking the platinum drugs and even readout of them in real‐time via NIR‐II imaging. PolyplatinDT can self‐assemble into nanoparticles, referred to as NanoplatinDT. Furthermore, a caspase‐3 cleavable peptide that serves as an apoptosis reporter is attached to NanoplatinDT, resulting in NanoplatinDTR that are capable of simultaneously tracking platinum drugs and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy. Overall, it is reported here the design of the first theranostic polymer with anticancer drugs, drug tracers, and drug efficacy reporters that can work in concert to provide insight into the drug fate and mechanism of action.
From Single‐Compartment Artificial Cells to Tissue‐Like Materials
Authors: Westensee Isabella N. , de Dios Andres Paula , Städler Brigitte
Published: May 2024

Designing and assembling artificial cells (ACs) is a core direction in bottom‐up synthetic biology. Here, the advancements in the past 3 years in engineering ACs with focus on compartmentalization and surface modifications with the aim for their integration in semi‐synthetic tissue are outlined. Compartmentalization in vesicles, coacervates and hydrogels are discussed for encapsulated catalysis or cytoskeleton formation including the use of components of mammalian cells to increase the ACs’ complexity. Following on, the surface modification of the ACs is reviewed due to its relevance when integration of ACs with mammalian cells into semi‐synthetic tissue is the goal. Finally, the interaction of ACs and mammalian cells for cellular communication or the fabrication of semi‐synthetic tissue toward therapeutic opportunities is outlined, before a short perspective is provided.
Advective Assembler‐Enhanced Support Bath Rotational Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Pleij Tazio , Bayles Alexandra V. , Vermant Jan
Published: May 2024

Manufacturing intricately controlled, hierarchically distributed structures poses significant fabrication challenges, but is crucial for enhancing functionality in synthetic systems. A 3D printing technique combining advective assembly with rotational direct ink writing is developed and exploited to build topologically complex, multimaterial structures with high precision. A modular advective assembler printhead is fabricated and employed in the process. This flow‐structuring device is designed with a complex network of internal channels that patterns flowing hydrogel‐based inks, creating multi‐layered filaments whose structures go well beyond conventional nozzle shape and size limitations. The composite filaments are extruded into a rotating support bath of Polyacrylic acid microgels. The rheology of the inks and support bath are critical to maintain print fidelity and integrity, and are characterized by linear and nonlinear bulk rheometry. Optimization of the materials creates a platform where curvilinear, multimaterial architectures are constructed without being constrained to slicing across X, Y, and Z axes. The versatility of this manufacturing platform is demonstrated by printing helical structures that undergo swelling‐induced actuation. This processing method has the potential to significantly enhance additive manufacturing by enabling the production of intricate, multiscale composite structures with broad applicability in fields such as bioengineering, soft robotics, and functional composite materials.
Entirely Biodegradable Wireless pH Sensor with Split‐Ring Resonators for Soil pH Monitoring
Authors: Sakabe Ken , Kan Tetsuo , Onoe Hiroaki
Published: May 2024

This paper describes a wireless and battery‐free soil pH sensor made entirely of degradable materials. Soil pH monitoring is significant for precision agriculture and environmental conservation because soil health can be estimated by measuring soil pH. Soil pH can be measured by collecting soil samples and analyzing them in a laboratory environment or by inserting an electrode‐type sensor into the soil and measuring soil pH on site. However, neither method is suitable for wide‐area soil pH sensing for precision agriculture or environmental conservation. Herein, a fully biodegradable wireless pH sensor is presented that can be dispersed to outdoor environment to detect soil acidity. The sensor is operated wirelessly through split‐ring resonators (SRRs) that consist of patterned octacalcium phosphate (OCP)‐coated magnesium (Mg) on a poly‐lactic acid (PLA) sheet. At acidic soil pH, the degradation of each SRR results in a change in the electromagnetic response of the sensor. The operation of the sensor in six different types of acidic soils is demonstrated to distinguish the acidic soil wirelessly. It is expected that the biodegradable sensor can be applied to low‐cost, easy‐to‐use, and environmentally friendly monitoring of soil pH.
Flexible Tandem White Organic Light‐Emitting Devices with Over 46% External Quantum Efficiency via Integrating Efficient Light Outcoupling Structures
Authors: Wang Jiong , Chen Yujie , Wang Xinxin , Wu Xuechun , Dong Kanchi , Chen Yuehua , Lai Wenyong , Zhang Xinwen , Huang Wei
Published: May 2024

Flexible organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) are emerging as a cutting‐edge technology that revolutionizes displays and lighting panels to be lightweight, bendable, foldable, and even stretchable. However, they suffer from the poor light outcoupling efficiency due to the presence of various optical losses. Herein, a novel method of optical manipulation is proposed, which involves incorporating light‐scattering titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) into flexible substrates, along with imprinting random micro‐lens arrays (RMLA) at the bottom of the substrates. Adopting the light outcoupling structures, the flexible single white OLEDs demonstrate a substantial improvement of 95.6% in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) compared to conventional flexible OLEDs, while maintaining a desirable spectral profile without any distortion. To further improve the optoelectronic performance, the light outcoupling structures are adopted in flexible tandem white OLEDs with two emission units, the maximum current efficiency is 147.8 cd A−1, and the maximum EQE comes to 46.2%, which is 1.74 times higher than that of the flexible single OLEDs with the same light outcoupling structures. This work offers a convenient way to design flexible light extraction substrates for efficient wearable electronics.
Synthesis of Oxadihydrophenanthroquinolizidinones by Photoinduced Rearrangement of 3‐Biphenyl‐1‐hydroxypropyl‐pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Sui Jingzhi , Wang Ding , Wang Tao , Ren Kexin , Zhang Zunting
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of hexahydro‐11H,15H‐dibenzo[f,h] [1,3]oxazino[3,2‐b]isoquinolin‐15‐ones was achieved via photoinduced rearrangement of 3‐biphenyl‐1‐hydroxypropyl‐pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones with a 313 nm UV light. Trans‐(8b,15a)‐9a‐β‐hexahydro‐11H,15H‐dibenzo[f,h][1,3]oxazino[3,2‐b]isoquinolin‐15‐ones and trans‐(8b,15a)‐9a‐α‐hexahydro‐11H,15H‐dibenzo[f,h][1,3] oxazino[3,2‐b]isoquinolin‐15‐ones were obtained in 76–92% yields via a one‐pot reaction. Alternatively, irradiation of 3‐biphenyl‐1‐hydroxypropyl‐pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones in the presence of HCl aqueous solution (1 M) led to the formation of cis‐(8b,15a)‐9a‐β‐hexahydro‐11H,15H‐dibenzo[f,h][1,3]oxazino[3,2‐b]isoquinolin‐15‐ones and cis‐(8b,15a)‐9a‐α‐hexahydro‐11H,15H‐dibenzo[f,h][1,3]oxazino[3,2‐b]isoquinolin‐15‐ones by a one‐pot reaction of photo 6π‐electrocyclization and addition cyclization. The construction of a partially dearomatized phenanthrene ring and quinolizidinone ring was achieved by a one‐pot reaction, with controlled cis/trans stereochemistry.
Enabling Regioselective Synthesis of α‐Methyl BODIPYs via H2O2/DMSO‐Promoted Direct Methylation
Authors: Lv Fan , Zhu Shuangshuang , Li Zhong‐Yuan , Wang Wangfei , Wang Hua , Jiao Lijuan , Hao Erhong
Published: May 2024

Achieving α‐methylation of BODIPYs remains challenging due to the electron‐deficient property of α‐position of BODIPYs. Herein, a H2O2/DMSO‐promoted radical process was employed, providing an approach for the construction of a series of α‐methyl and α,α‐dimethyl BODIPYs in 57–68% yields. In addition, representative transformations and half‐gram experiments as well as their photophysical properties were studied to examine the potential applications.
Leuco Ethyl Violet as Self‐Activating Prodrug Photocatalyst for In Vivo Amyloid‐Selective Oxygenation
Authors: Furuta Masahiro , Arii Suguru , Umeda Hiroki , Matsukawa Ryota , Shizu Katsuyuki , Kaji Hironori , Kawashima Shigehiro A. , Hori Yukiko , Tomita Taisuke , Sohma Youhei , Mitsunuma Harunobu , Kanai Motomu
Published: May 2024

Aberrant aggregates of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and tau protein (tau), called amyloid, are related to the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Reducing amyloid levels in AD patients is a potentially effective approach to the treatment of AD. The selective degradation of amyloids via small molecule‐catalyzed photooxygenation in vivo is a leading approach; however, moderate catalyst activity and the side effects of scalp injury are problematic in prior studies using AD model mice. Here, leuco ethyl violet (LEV) is identified as a highly active, amyloid‐selective, and blood‐brain barrier (BBB)‐permeable photooxygenation catalyst that circumvents all of these problems. LEV is a redox‐sensitive, self‐activating prodrug catalyst; self‐oxidation of LEV through a hydrogen atom transfer process under photoirradiation produces catalytically active ethyl violet (EV) in the presence of amyloid. LEV effectively oxygenates human Aβ and tau, suggesting the feasibility for applications in humans. Furthermore, a concept of using a hydrogen atom as a caging group of a reactive catalyst functional in vivo is postulated. The minimal size of the hydrogen caging group is especially useful for catalyst delivery to the brain through BBB.
Endovascular coils extrusion after internal carotid artery occlusion: From management to follow‐up
Authors: Vinciguerra Alessandro , Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Ferrari Marco , Mattavelli Davide , Giorgianni Andrea , Fazio Enrico , Pierro Francesco Di , Rampinelli Vittorio , Gazzini Luca , Verillaud Benjamin , Schreiber Alberto , Calabrese Luca , Bignami Maurizio , Battaglia Paolo , Nicolai Piero , Castelnuovo Paolo , Herman Philippe
Published: May 2024

Key points

ICA coil extrusion (ICA‐CE) occurs most frequently in the nasopharyngeal/sinonasal site.

Evaluating the ICA coils stability, through an angiography, is of primary importance.

ICA‐CE management needs to be decided based on the patient's symptoms and general status.
Are minimally verbal autistic children's modality and form of communication associated with parent responsivity?
Authors: La Valle Chelsea , Shen Lue , Butler Lindsay K. , Tager‐Flusberg Helen
Published: May 2024

Prior work examined how minimally verbal (MV) children with autism used their gestural communication during social interactions. However, interactions are exchanges between social partners. Examining parent–child social interactions is critically important given the influence of parent responsivity on children's communicative development. Specifically, parent responses that are semantically contingent to the child's communication plays an important role in further shaping children's language learning. This study examines whether MV autistic children's (N = 47; 48–95 months; 10 females) modality and form of communication are associated with parent responsivity during an in‐home parent–child interaction (PCI). The PCI was collected using natural language sampling methods and coded for child modality and form of communication and parent responses. Findings from Kruskal‐Wallis H tests revealed that there was no significant difference in parent semantically contingent responses based on child communication modality (spoken language, gesture, gesture‐speech combinations, and AAC) and form of communication (precise vs. imprecise). Findings highlight the importance of examining multiple modalities and forms of communication in MV children with autism to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of their communication abilities; and underscore the inclusion of interactionist models of communication to examine children's input on parent responses in further shaping language learning experiences.
The effectiveness of an executive function program for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Creem Ashley N. , Leaf Justin B. , Cihon Joseph H. , Gerhardt Peter F. , Lee Matthew , Moon Emma
Published: May 2024

Autistics/individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly display deficits in executive functioning. These deficits negatively impact social success and the autistic's/individual with ASD's ability to form meaningful friendships. Yet, there is limited research provided for the effective teaching of executive functioning skills to autistics/individuals with ASD. The current study provides an evidence‐based behavior analytic approach for developing executive functioning skills for autistics/individuals diagnosed with ASD. The study also provides the preliminary steps to creating a curriculum that is easy to implement and uses minimal resources. Finally, the study extends current literature on the Teaching Interaction Procedure (TIP) and evaluates the effectiveness of the TIP for developing executive functioning skills for older children diagnosed with ASD. The executive function program resulted in acquisition of all six targeted executive functioning skills for all the participants. While generalization and maintenance data were slightly variable across participants, all three participants displayed improvement in executive functioning skills following the implementation of the executive function program and a social validity assessment indicated that the participants were satisfied with the skills taught, the treatment, and the outcomes.
Circadian changes of autonomic function in patients with zoster‐associated pain: A heart rate variability analysis
Authors: Mao Peng , Hu Hui‐Min , Li Ran , Zhang Yuan‐Jing , Zhang Yi , Li Yi‐Fan , Fan Bi‐Fa
Published: May 2024

Objective

To investigate the circadian changes of the autonomic function in patients with zoster‐associated pain (ZAP).

Methods

A total of 37 patients with ZAP from April 2022 to October 2022 were enrolled as the observation group, and 37 normal volunteers at the same time were selected as the control group. All participants were required to wear a 24‐h Holter, which was used to compare the heart rate variability (HRV) between the two groups. HRV analysis involved time‐ and frequency‐domain parameters.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in general information between two groups. Patients with ZAP had an increased mean heart rate and decreased the standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal (SDNN) R–R interval, the root mean square of the differences (RMSSD) in successive RR interval, low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) compared with control groups in all periods (p < .05). The ratio of LF/HF between two groups had no significant difference (p = .245). SDNN had no significant difference between day and night in the control group (p > .05), whereas SDNN of ZAP patients in night period was reduced than that in day period (p < .001). The level of RMSSD during the day was lower than those at night in the control group (p < .05), whereas no significant difference of RMSSD between two periods was observed in patients with ZAP (p > .05).

Conclusion

The results of this study indicated that ZAP contributes to the decline of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, especially parasympathetic components. The patients with ZAP lost parasympathetic advantage and had a worse ANS during the night.
Hemostats in the clinic
Authors: Joshi Maithili , Zhao Zongmin , Mitragotri Samir
Published: May 2024

Given the prevalence of hematological conditions, surgeries, and trauma incidents, hemostats—therapeutics designed to control and arrest bleeding—are an important tool in patient care. The prophylactic and therapeutic use of hemostats markedly enhances survival rates and improves the overall quality of life of patients suffering from these conditions. Since their inception in the 1960s, hemostats have witnessed remarkable progress in terms of the active ingredients utilized, therapeutic outcomes, demonstrated efficacy, and the storage stability. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of commercially available hemostats approved by the FDA, along with newer investigative hemostats currently in active clinical trials. We delve into the modality of active ingredients, route of administration, formulation type, and disease indications of these approved and investigative hemostats. Further, we analyze the trends observed in the hemostat actives for Hemophilia A and B, concluding with insights into the emerging patterns and noteworthy developments to watch for in this dynamic field.