bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN SENTRA PADA PRESTASI MATA PELAJARAN PAI DI KELAS I SDIT ISHLAHUL UMMAH PRABUMULIH
Authors: Purnamasari Henny , Nasruddin Imam , Habibi Sanial
Published: November 2020

Pendidikan merupakan masalah yang sangat menarik untuk dibahas karena melalui usaha pendidikan diharapakan tujuan pendidikan agar dapat tercapai. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran adalah salah satu tugas utama guru, guru harus dapat memilih metode-metode yang sesuai dengan materi pelajaran khususnya pada mata pelajaran PAI, diharapkan guru dapat memberi stimulus kepada peserta didik agar memiliki minat yang besar untuk belajar serta prestasi belajar yang baik. Salah-satu metode yang diterapkan pada mata pelajaran PAI adalah metode sentra. Masalah dalam penelitian ini dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut : bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran dengan pendekatan sentra pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas I SDIT Ishlahul Ummah Prabumulih. Adapun tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran dengan pendekatan sentra pada mata pelajaran PAI siswa kelas I SDIT Ishlahul Ummah Prabumulih.

Adapun yang menjadi populasi penelitian ini adalah perwakilan siswa kelas I di SDIT Ishlahul Ummah Prabumulih yang terdiri dari lima kelas yaitu berjumlah 24 siswa. Sumber data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini meliputi jenis data primer dan data skunder. Data primer diambil dari para responden secara langsung, sedangkan data skunder diambil dari buku-buku yang mendukung analisis penelitian. Data yang dipakai adalah data deskriptif yaitu data yang dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui mengenai metode yang digunakan guru. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan antara lain yaitu dengan mengadakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan angket. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yaitu data kuantitatif yang berbentuk angka-angka dan data kualitatif yang dinyatakan dengan kata-kata dan simbol.

Peneliti melakukan analisis data dengan memberi paparan gambaran mengenai situasi yang diteliti dalam bentuk uraian naratif. Dari paparan data dapat diketahui bahwa penerapan metode sentra dapat meningkatkan minat belajar serta prestasi belajar mata pelajaran PAI siswa kelas 1 SDIT Ishlahul Ummah Prabumulih. Hal ini dapat diketahui dengan adanya peningkatan nilai hasil kreativitas dan prestasi belajar pada mata pelajaran PAI yang diperoleh.
PEMBAHARUAN SISTEM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI PESANTREN
Authors: Amin Husnul
Published: November 2020

Pesantren adalah lembaga yang bergerak di bidang pendidikan, maka tuntutan untuk memperbaharui system pendidikannya adalah keniscayaan agar  menjadi sebuah institusi pendidikan modern yang siap berkompetisi dan bersaing dengan lembaga-lembaga pendidikan lainnya, Untuk itulah perlu satu sistem pendidikan yang komprehensif yang dapat difungsikan melalui transmisi baik dalam bentuk pendidikan formal maupun nonformal yang pada akhirnya dapat mengaktualisasikan hakikat hidup manusia karena manusia selalu terlibat dalam berbagai perubahan zaman. Oleh karena itu, dinamika pesantren masa depan tidak bisa dipisahkan dari proses globalisasi. Sebaliknya justru eksistensi pesantren masa depan sangat ditentukan oleh kemampuannya berintegrasi secara kultural dengan sistem internasional, yang ditandai dengan tata hubungan yang semakin rasional, dinamis, dan kompetitif.
PERCERAIAN ORANG TUA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ANAK DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Hadayati Rima
Published: November 2020

Every child is born in a state of nature, then both his parents who make it Jewish, or Zoroastrian Nashrani (HR.Muslim). Implied meaning of the hadith is that the formation of the child's personality is influenced by upbringing and education of parents. Basically every child wants to live with his parents, didikik, nurtured and given affection filled by both parents. However, if the household of his parents could not be maintained in this case happens disharmony or other factors so that his parents divorced, the children are victims of divorce of their parents. Divorce for children is "a sign of the death of" the unity of the family, it was half of the "self" has lost a child, life will never be the same again after their parents divorced and they have to accept the grief and sense of loss is profound. such children should harbored a deep sense of longing for a father or mother who suddenly does not live with him anymore. The negative effect of divorce on the development and education of children are: children get less attention, affection, and educational demands of parents, the need for physical and psychological teen is not consummated, the children do not get physical exercise and mental indispensable for moral life, divorce of parents expected to affect the learning achievement of children, both in the field of religious studies as well as in other fields, improve the delinquency of children, influence the formation of the child's personality.
Educational Philosophy in the Effect of Globalization on Agriculture
Authors: Riyadh Aslan
Published: November 2020

Technological advances due to the rapid flow of globalization, change the pattern of teaching in the world of education. The philosophy of education shows a vertical relationship, up or down with the branches of education. It is hoped that the public can better understand the importance of globalization so that the negative impacts that have an impact can be minimized and it is also hoped that the realization of positive activities towards education will be even better. Education contributing to the success of development in the agricultural sector is not solely determined by development in the technology sector but is determined by the development of the quality of human resources, aspects of human personality, which include knowledge, values, attitudes and skills. The influence of globalization encourages education in the agricultural sector to be increasingly encouraged by stakeholders to always be improved so that the agricultural sector becomes more productive.
Issues of Environmental Problems and World Organization Concern for the Environment
Authors: Timbema Ohna
Published: November 2020

This article discusses issues of Environmental Problems and World Organization Concern for the Environment. Excessive exploitation will result in a decrease in the carrying capacity of the environment. Apart from overexploitation, massive development is getting faster and faster. The rapid development that is not based on environmental knowledge has negative impacts. Environmental problems can damage ecosystems and habitats where flora and fauna live. Almost all countries have problems in dealing with waste or garbage whose numbers continue to increase every day. This problem is a major problem because it relates to the environmental conditions of a country which are also influenced by human behavior. International agreements and conferences that accompany them, relating to environmental issues. However, so far it is considered ineffective in addressing environmental problems, especially on a global scale.
The Reaction and Type of Hypersensitivity
Authors: Moga Amir
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study is to analyze the reaction and types of hypersensitivity. The study discusses the reaction of hypersensitivity occurs in individuals who have previously been exposed to an antigen that has created an immune response to it (sensitization). there are 4 groups of hypersensitivity reactions, namely Type I (anaphylactic reaction), type II (cytotoxic reaction), type III (immune complex reaction), type IV (slow type reaction). Hypersensitivity reactions can occur in two situations. first, the response to foreign antigens (microbes and non-infectious environmental antigens) which can cause tissue damage, especially if the reaction is repeated and uncontrolled. Second, the immune response can act directly against self-antigens (autologs) as a result of failure to tolerate self (self-tolerance).
A Study on Various Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Field of Human Resource Management (HRM)
Authors: Chattopadhyay Pritam
Published: November 2020

Candidate screening is a very important process in the entire recruitment process. Screening process helps HR’s with initial filtering of candidates and narrow down the received applications from many applications to few. Hiring teams have data pouring in from a variety of sources. In a fully digital HR ecosystem, it is difficult to process and analyze all these disparate data streams. AI can actually help transforming how HR managers view, select, and operate candidate screening. AI for recruiting is the application of artificial intelligence, such as the learning or problem-solving that a computer can do, to the recruitment function. This new technology is designed to streamline or automate some part of the recruiting workflow, especially repetitive, high-volume tasks. The promise of AI for improving quality of hire lies in its ability to using data to standardize the matching between candidates’ experience, knowledge, and skills and the requirements of the job. The benefits using AI are manifold; recruiters don’t have to sift through crowded job markets or endless candidate lists. This makes HR processes quite easy and faster. The research paper is basically focusing on various applications and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field of human resource management. Objectives of the paper are mentioned below:
• To study the various components of artificial intelligence and its various applications in the field of human resource management.
• To understand various implications and impediments of practicing artificial intelligence at different strategic level of any company.
The Formation of the Biblical Canon: Volume 1
Authors: McDonald Lee Martin
Published: November 2020

Lee Martin McDonald provides a magisterial overview of the development of the biblical canon -- the emergence of the list of individual texts that constitutes the Christian bible. In these two volumes -- in sum more than double the length of his previous works on this subject -- McDonald presents his most in-depth overview to date. McDonald shows students and researchers how the list of texts that constitute 'the bible' was once far more fluid than it is today and guides readers through the minefield of different texts, different versions, and the different lists of texts considered 'canonical' that abounded in antiquity. Questions of the origin and transmission of texts are introduced as well as consideration of innovations in the presentation of texts, collections of documents, archaeological finds and Church councils.

In the first volume McDonald reexamines issues of canon formation once considered settled, and sets the range of texts that make up the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) in their broader context. Each individual text is discussed, as are the cultural, political and historical situations surrounding them. The second volume considers the New Testament, and the range of so-called 'apocryphal' gospels that were written in early centuries, and used by many Christian groups before the canon was closed. Comprehensive appendices showing various canon lists for both Old and New Testaments and for the bible as as a whole are also included.
Paul in the Greco-Roman World
Authors: Sampley J. Paul
Published: November 2020

This landmark handbook, written by distinguished Pauline scholars, and first published in 2003, remains the first and only work to offer lucid and insightful examinations of Paul and his world in such depth. Together the two volumes that constitute the handbook in its much revised form provide a comprehensive reference resource for new testament scholars looking to understand the classical world in which Paul lived and work.

Each chapter provides an overview of a particular social convention, literary of rhetorical topos, social practice, or cultural mores of the world in which Paul and his audiences were at home. In addition, the sections use carefully chosen examples to demonstrate how particularly features of Greco-Roman culture shed light on Paul’s letters and on his readers’ possible perception of them.

For the new edition all the contributions have been fully revised to take into account the last ten years of methodological change and the helpful chapter bibliographies fully updated. Wholly new chapters cover such issues as Paul and Memory, Paul’s Economics, honor and shame in Paul’s writings and the Greek novel
Sufism and the Scriptures
Authors: Morrissey Fitzroy
Published: November 2020

The Sufi thinker ‘Abd al-Karim al-Jili (d. 1408) is best-known for his treatment of the idea of the Perfect Human, yet his masterpiece, al-Insan al-kamil (The Perfect Human), is in fact a wide-ranging compendium of Sufi metaphysical thought in the Ibn ‘Arabian tradition. One of the major topics treated in that work is sacred history, the story of God’s revelation of the truth to humanity through His prophets and scriptures.

Fitzroy Morrissey provides here the first in-depth study of this important section of al-Jili’s major work and the key ideas contained within it. Through a translation and analysis of the key passages on the Qur’an, Torah, Psalms and Gospel, it shows how al-Jili’s view of sacred history is conditioned by his Ibn ‘Arabian Sufi metaphysics, whereby the phenomenal world is viewed as a manifestation of God, and the prophets and scriptures as special places where the divine attributes appear more completely. It also looks at how this idea influences al-Jili’s understanding of the hierarchy of prophets, scriptures and religions. The book argues that, contrary to common assumptions, al-Jili’s Sufi metaphysical view of sacred history is in keeping with the common medieval Muslim view of sacred history, whereby the Qur’an is viewed as the best of scriptures, Muhammad as the best of prophets, and Islam as the best religion. The book therefore not only gives an insight into a key text within medieval Sufi thought, but also has ramifications for our understanding of medieval Sufi views on the relationship between Islam and other religions.
Apparel Costing
Authors: Kennedy Andrea , Reyes Andrea , Venezia Francesco
Published: November 2020

Newcomers to the fashion industry often base costings on the sum of a style’s fabric, trims and labor—and to that they simply add their markup. However, every other activity of the business erodes that markup, and they find themselves with an unsustainable profit—or a loss. This guide will help you avoid these pitfalls to guarantee a sustainable profit.

Apparel Costing details traditional and current costing methods for the fast-paced and e-commerce-focused fashion marketplace. You will learn industry-specific product/style costing that can be applied to garments produced both locally and globally. You'll also learn how to calculate line item percentages on indirect cost factors, such as factory sourcing, overhead, administration and product development.

Key topics include: Target Market Pricing; Variable vs Fixed Costs; Direct vs Indirect Cost Factors; Cost-Based vs Value-Based Costing; Domestic vs International Production Costing; Effect of Sourcing on Costing; Sustainability in Costing; Fast Fashion vs. Slow Fashion
Costing for the Fashion Industry
Authors: Evans Nathalie , Jeffrey Michael , Craig Susan
Published: November 2020

Costing for the Fashion Industry is a practical, easy-to-use guide to the manufacture, sourcing and risk management methods essential to make a new fashion business venture financially viable.

Each chapter focuses on a theme, such as entrepreneurship, time constraints, global awareness and new markets and sourcing, alongside practical exercises and detailed industry case studies to put the theory into context. This second edition explores capital investment decisions, the changing nature of cost and the importance of global awareness and new markets, as well as expanded coverage of internationalization strategies for SMEs.
The Actor and His Body
Authors: Pisk Litz
Published: November 2020

‘Once you start working with someone like Litz you don’t ever want to stop if you can help it’ - Vanessa Redgrave.

Litz Pisk was widely regarded as the most influential teacher of modern theatre movement of the 20th Century. She innovated and advocated a physical training that sought to combine awareness, emotion and imagination specifically for the actor’s craft. Her seminal book, The Actor and His Body, is the direct result of her unique dual career as a professional movement director and as an actor movement teacher working in leading British conservatoire

Pisk’s quest was to find expression for the inner impulse that motivated actors to move. Her teachings, as outlined in this book, offer insight on the specific craft of the actor, and the relationship between movement, imagination and the ‘need’ to move.

The Actor and His Body is also a practical manual for keeping the actor’s body physically and expressively responsive. In addition, there are a range of movement exercises, illuminated by her exquisite line drawings, and complete weekly programme which concentrates on movement practice within different timescales

This fourth edition features the original foreword by Michael Elliot as well as a new introduction by Ayse Tashkiran, contemporary movement director and Senior Lecturer at the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, which contextualises Pisk’s work
Rumour and Radiation
Authors: Hegarty Paul
Published: November 2020

This is a book about video art, and about sound art.

The thesis is that sound first entered the gallery via the video art of the 1960s and in so doing, created an unexpected noise. The early part of the book looks at this formative period and the key figures within it - then jumps to the mid-1990s, when video art has become such a major part of contemporary art production, it no longer seems an autonomous form.

Paul Hegarty considers the work of a range of artists (including Steve McQueen, Christian Marclay, Ryan Trecartin, and Jane and Louise Wilson), proposing different theories according to the particular strategy of the artist under discussion. Connecting them all are the twinned ideas of intermedia and synaesthesia. Hegarty offers close readings of video works, as influenced by their sound, while also considering the institutional and material contexts. Applying contemporary sound theory to the world of video art, Paul Hegarty offers an entirely fresh perspective on the interactions between sound, sound art, and the visual.
Low End Theory
Authors: Jasen Paul C.
Published: November 2020

Low End Theory probes the much-mythologized field of bass and low-frequency sound. It begins in music but quickly moves far beyond, following vibratory phenomena across time, disciplines and disparate cultural spheres (including hauntings, laboratories, organ workshops, burial mounds, sound art, studios, dancefloors, infrasonic anomalies, and a global mystery called The Hum). Low End Theory asks what it is about bass that has fascinated us for so long and made it such a busy site of bio-technological experimentation, driving developments in science, technology, the arts, and religious culture.

The guiding question is not so much what we make of bass, but what it makes of us: how does it undulate and unsettle; how does it incite; how does it draw bodily thought into new equations with itself and its surroundings? Low End Theory is the first book to survey this sonorous terrain and devise a conceptual language proper to it. With its focus on sound’s structuring agency and the multi-sensory aspects of sonic experience, it stands to make a transformative contribution to the study of music and sound, while pushing scholarship on affect, materiality, and the senses into fertile new territory. Through energetic and creative prose, Low End Theory works to put thought in touch with the vibratory encounter as no scholarly book has done before.
Chaos Media
Authors: Kennedy Stephen
Published: November 2020

The contemporary media landscape might be described in simple terms as a digital terrain where real and virtual worlds collide. Stephen Kennedy investigates the concept of our digital space leading up to the digital turn of the 1990s to fully understand how our perceptions of orientation in space in time was altered.

Chaos Media: A Sonic Economy of Digital Space re-thinks the five fundamental paths to our contemporary understanding of the digital age: cultural, political, economic, scientific, and aesthetic, and ties them together to form a coherent whole in order to demonstrate how critical thinking can be reconfigured using a methodological approach that uses ‘chaos’ and ‘complexity’ as systematic tools for studying contemporary mediated space.

Kennedy introduces the concept of Sonic Economy, a methodology that allows for a critical engagement with the heterogeneous elements of an information society wherein the dispersion of discrete elements is manifest but not always clearly visible.
The Sound of Nonsense
Authors: Elliott Richard
Published: November 2020

In The Sound of Nonsense, Richard Elliott highlights the importance of sound in understanding the 'nonsense' of writers such as Lewis Carroll, Edward Lear, James Joyce and Mervyn Peake, before connecting this noisy writing to works which engage more directly with sound, including sound poetry, experimental music and pop. By emphasising sonic factors, Elliott makes new and fascinating connections between a wide range of artistic examples to ultimately build a case for the importance of sound in creating, maintaining and disrupting meaning
Burger
Authors: Adams Carol J.
Published: November 2020

Object Lessons is a series of short, beautifully designed books about the hidden lives of ordinary things.

The burger, long the All-American meal, is undergoing an identity crisis. From its shifting place in popular culture to efforts by investors such as Bill Gates to create the non-animal burger that can feed the world, the burger’s identity has become as malleable as that patty of protein itself, before it is thrown on a grill. Carol Adams’s Burger is a fast-paced and eclectic exploration of the history, business, cultural dynamics, and gender politics of the ordinary hamburger.

Object Lessons is published in partnership with an essay series in The Atlantic.
Capitalism and the Enchanted Screen
Authors: Wansbrough Aleks
Published: November 2020

Myths such as Narcissus’ reflection, Pandora’s box, and Plato’s cave have been used to frame modern technological dangers; often to describe people absorbed in their own digital reflections. Such speculation either purports that technology has a magical power or else that technology merely represents human nature unchanged from the myth’s inception. But those accounts ignore the paradoxical understandings of the power relationships allegorized, where people are manipulated by higher forces beyond their comprehension. Working from the assumption that capitalism rather than God is the highest power, this book examines mythic anticipations of the screen and digital technology from European literature, poetry, folklore and philosophy. Digital technology and social media are approached not as reflections of human nature but capitalist ideology’s power to enchant. To this end, Capitalism and the Enchanted Screen also surveys a diverse variety of films, digital media and contemporary artworks to understand and critique how myths are reimagined today.
The Juridification of Individual Sanctions and the Politics of EU Law
Authors: Nanopoulos Eva
Published: November 2020

In the early 1990s the then European Community imposed for the first time a set of economic restrictions against a specific entity: the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola. Since then, the individualisation of sanctions has become entrenched, these so-called ‘smart’ sanctions have proliferated, their targets and scope of application have significantly expanded, and they operate in an increasingly juridified environment. This book aims to shed light on the constitutive dynamics and causes of these developments, with a focus on the juridification of individual sanctions at the European level. To this end it first revisits the phenomenon of individualisation – moving beyond the conventional narrative that individual sanctions emerged because of humanitarian and effectiveness concerns – and situates the ‘smarting’ of sanctions within the context of broader structural transformations characterised by the consolidation of the global neoliberal order. Second, the book explores why the role of law has been so pronounced in the European context by unearthing the connections between EU law and capitalist order building.

Volume 96 in the Series Modern Studies in European Law
The determination of highly time-resolved and source-separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamics
Authors: Gregorič Asta , Drinovec Luka , Ježek Irena , Vaupotič Janja , Lenarčič Matevž , Grauf Domen , Wang Longlong , Mole Maruška , Stanič Samo , Močnik Griša
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We present a new method for the determination of the
source-specific black carbon emission rates. The methodology was applied in
two different environments: an urban location in Ljubljana and a rural one
in the Vipava valley (Slovenia, Europe), which differ in pollution sources
and topography. The atmospheric dynamics was quantified using the
atmospheric radon (222Rn) concentration to determine the mixing layer
height for periods of thermally driven planetary boundary layer evolution.
The black carbon emission rate was determined using an improved box model
taking into account boundary layer depth and a horizontal advection term,
describing the temporal and spatial exponential decay of black carbon
concentration. The rural Vipava valley is impacted by a significantly higher
contribution to black carbon concentration from biomass burning during
winter (60 %) in comparison to Ljubljana (27 %). Daily averaged black
carbon emission rates in Ljubljana were
210 ± 110 and 260 ± 110 µgm-2h-1 in
spring and winter, respectively. Overall black carbon emission rates in
Vipava valley were only slightly lower compared to Ljubljana: 150 ± 60 and
250 ± 160 µgm-2h-1 in spring and winter,
respectively. Different daily dynamics of biomass burning and traffic
emissions was responsible for slightly higher contribution of biomass
burning to measured black carbon concentration, compared to the fraction of
its emission rate. Coupling the high-time-resolution measurements of black
carbon concentration with atmospheric radon concentration measurements can
provide a useful tool for direct, highly time-resolved measurements of the
intensity of emission sources. Source-specific emission rates can be used to
assess the efficiency of pollution mitigation measures over longer time
periods, thereby avoiding the influence of variable meteorology.
The role of land cover on the climate of glacial Europe
Authors: Velasquez Patricio , Kaplan Jed O. , Messmer Martina , Ludwig Patrick , Raible Christoph C.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Earth system models show wide disagreement when simulating the climate of the continents at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This disagreement may be related to a variety of factors, including model resolution and an incomplete representation of Earth system processes. To assess the importance of resolution and land-atmosphere feedbacks on the climate of Europe, we performed an iterative, asynchronously coupled land-atmosphere modelling experiment that combined a global climate model, a regional climate model, and a dynamic vegetation model. The regional climate and land cover models were run at high (18 km) resolution over a domain covering the ice-free regions of Europe. Asynchronous coupling between the regional climate model and the vegetation model showed that the land-atmosphere coupling achieves quasi-equilibrium after four iterations. Modelled climate and land cover agree reasonably well with independent reconstructions based on pollen and other paleoenvironmental proxies. To assess the importance of land cover on the LGM climate of Europe, we performed a sensitivity test where we used LGM climate but present day land cover as boundary conditions. These simulations show that the LGM land-atmosphere feedback leads to colder and drier conditions around the Alps and a warmer and drier climate in southeastern Europe. Even in mid-latitude Europe where the land-atmosphere coupling strength is generally weak, and under glacial conditions with a southward displacement of the storm track and increased importance of the Atlantic, regional climate is significantly influenced by land cover.
A national topographic dataset for hydrological modeling over
contiguous United States
Authors: Zhang Jun , Condon Laura E. , Tran Hoang , Maxwell Reed M.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Topography is a fundamental input to hydrologic models critical for generating realistic streamflow networks as well as infiltration and groundwater flow. Although there exist several national topographic datasets for the United States, they may not be compatible with gridded models that require hydrologically consistent Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Here, we present a national topographic dataset developed support physically based hydrologic simulations at 1 km and 250 m spatial resolution over contiguous United States. The workflow is described step-by-step in two parts (a) DEM processing using a Priority Flood algorithm to ensure hydrologically consistent drainage networks and (b) slope calculation and smoothing to improve drainage performance. The accuracy of derived stream network is evaluated by comparing the derived drainage area to drainage areas reported by the national stream gage network. The slope smoothing steps are evaluated using the runoff simulations with an integrated hydrologic model. The processed DEM is designed to capture the topographic features and improve the runoff simulations for the models solving partial differential equations. The workflow uses an open-source R package and all output datasets and processing scripts are available and fully documented here. All of the output datasets and scripts for processing are published through Cyverse at 250 m and 1 km resolution. The DOI link for the dataset is https://doi.org/10.25739/e1ps-qy48 (Zhang and Condon, 2020).
Quantifying Thresholds of Barrier Geomorphic Change in a Cross-Shore Sediment Partitioning Model
Authors: Ciarletta Daniel J. , Miselis Jennifer L. , Shawler Justin L. , Hein Christopher J.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Barrier coasts, including barrier islands, beach-ridge plains, and associated landforms, can assume a broad spectrum of morphologies over decadal scales that reflect conditions of sediment availability, accommodation, and relative sea-level rise. However, the quantitative thresholds of these controls on barrier-system behavior remain largely unexplored, even as modern sea-level rise and anthropogenic modification of sediment availability increasingly reshape the world’s sandy coastlines. In this study, we conceptualize barrier coasts as sediment partitioning frameworks, distributing sand delivered from the shoreface to the subaqueous and subaerial components of the coastal system. Using an idealized morphodynamic model, we explore thresholds of behavioral/morphologic change over decadal to centennial timescales, simulating barrier evolution within quasi-stratigraphic morphological cross-sections. Our results indicate a wide diversity of barrier behaviors can be explained by the balance of fluxes delivered to the beach versus the dune/backbarrier, including previously understudied forms of transgression that allow the subaerial system to continue accumulating sediment during landward migration. Most importantly, our results show that barrier state transitions between progradation, cross-shore amalgamation, aggradation, and transgression are controlled largely through balances within a narrow range of relative sea-level rise and sediment flux. This suggests that, in the face of rising sea levels, subtle changes in sediment fluxes could result in significant changes in barrier morphology. We also demonstrate that modeled barriers with reduced vertical sediment accommodation are highly sensitive to the magnitude and direction of shoreface fluxes. Therefore, natural barriers with limited sediment accommodation could allow for exploration of the future effects of sea-level rise and changing flux magnitudes over a period of years as opposed to the decades required for similar responses in sediment-rich barrier systems. Finally, because our model creates stratigraphy generated under different input parameters, we propose it could be used in combination with stratigraphic data to hindcast the sensitivity of existing barriers and infer changes in pre-historic morphology, which we anticipate will provide a baseline to assess the reliability of forward modeling predictions.
Long-term relative decline in evapotranspiration with increasing
runoff on fractional land surfaces
Authors: Wang Ren , Gentine Pierre , Yin Jiabo , Chen Lijuan , Chen Jianyao , Li Longhui
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) accompanied by water and heat transport in the hydrological cycle is a key component in regulating surface aridity. Existing studies on changes in surface aridity have typically estimated ET using semi-empirical equations or parameterizations of land surface processes, which are based on the assumption that the parameters in the equation are stationary. However, plant physiological effects and its response to a changing environment are dynamically modifying ET, thereby challenging this assumption and limiting the estimation of long-term ET. In this study, the latent heat flux (ET in energy units) and sensible heat flux were retrieved for recent decades on a global scale using machine learning approach and driven by ground-based observations from flux towers and weather stations. The study resulted in several findings, namely that the evaporative fraction (EF) – the ratio of latent heat flux to available surface energy – exhibited a relatively decreasing trend on fractional land surfaces; In particular, the decrease in EF was accompanied by an increase in long-term runoff as assessed by precipitation (P) minus ET, accounting for 27.06 % of the global land areas. The signs were indicative of reduced surface conductance, which further emphasized that land-surface vegetation has major impacts on regulating the water and energy cycles, as well as aridity variability.
A Homogeneous Earthquake Catalogue for Turkey and Surrounding
Region
Authors: Tan Onur
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A new earthquake catalogue for Turkey and surrounding region (32°–47° N, 20°–52° E) is compiled for the period 1900–2017. The earthquake parameters are obtained from the Bulletin of International Seismological Centre that is fully updated in 2020. New conversion equations between moment magnitude and the other scales (md, ML, mb, Ms and M) are determined using in the General Orthogonal Regression method to build up a homogeneous catalogue, which is the essential data for seismic hazard studies. The 95 % confidence intervals are estimated using the bootstrap method with 1000 samples. The equivalent moment magnitudes (Mw*) for the entire catalogue are calculated using the magnitude relations to homogenise the catalogue. The magnitude of completeness is 2.9 Mw* and 3.0–3.2 Mw* for Turkey and Greece generally. The final dataset is not declustered or truncated using a threshold magnitude because of motivation for generating a widely usable catalogue. It contains not only Mw*, but also the average and median of the observed magnitudes for each event. Contrary to the limited earthquake parameters in the previous catalogues, the 45 parameters of approximately 700 k events occurred in a wide area from the Balkans to the Caucasus are presented.
Identifying the non-exceedance probability of extreme storm surges
as a component of natural-disaster management using tidal-gauge
data from Typhoon Maemi in South Korea
Authors: Yum Sang-Guk , Wei Hsi-Hsien , Jang Sung-Hwan
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Global warming, one of the most serious aspects of climate change, can be expected to cause rising sea levels. These, in turn, have been linked to unprecedentedly large typhoons that can cause flooding of low-lying land, coastal invasion, seawater flows into rivers and groundwater, rising river levels, and aberrant tides. To prevent loss of life and property damage caused by typhoons, it is crucial to accurately estimate storm surge related risk. This study therefore develops a statistical model for estimating probability model, based on surge data pertaining to Typhoon Maemi, which struck South Korea in 2003. Specifically, estimation of non-exceedance probability models of the typhoon-related storm surge was achieved via clustered separated peaks-over-threshold simulation, while various distribution models were fitted to the empirical data for investigating the risk of storm surge height. The result of this process found that the result of Weibull distribution was better than other distribution model for Typhoon Maemi's peak total water level.
Simulating soil organic C dynamics in managed grasslands under
humid temperate climatic conditions
Authors: Jebari Asma , Álvaro-Fuentes Jorge , Pardo Guillermo , Almagro María , del Prado Agustin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Temperate grasslands are of paramount importance in terms of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. Globally, research on SOC dynamics has largely focused on forests, croplands and natural grasslands, while intensively managed grasslands has received much less attention. In this regard, we aimed to improve the prediction of SOC dynamics in managed grasslands under humid temperate regions. In order to do so, we modified and recalibrated the SOC model RothC, originally developed to model the turnover of SOC in arable topsoils, which requires limited amount of readily available input data. The modifications proposed for the RothC are: (1) water content up to saturation conditions in the soil water function of RothC to fit the humid temperate climatic conditions, (2) entry pools that account for particularity of exogenous organic matter (EOM) applied (e.g., ruminant excreta), (3) annual variation in the carbon inputs derived from plant residues considering both above- and below-ground plant residue and rhizodeposits components as well as their quality, and (4) the livestock treading effect (i.e., poaching damage) as a common problem in humid areas with higher annual precipitation. In the paper, we describe the basis of these modifications, carry out a simple sensitivity analysis and validate predictions against data from existing field experiments from four sites in Europe. Model performance showed that modified RothC reasonably captures well the different modifications. However, the model seems to be more sensitive to soil moisture and plant residues modifications than to the other modifications. The applied changes in RothC model could be appropriate to simulate both farm and regional SOC dynamics from managed grassland-based systems under humid temperate conditions.
20th century global glacier mass change: an ensemble-based model
reconstruction
Authors: Malles Jan-Hendrik , Marzeion Ben
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Negative glacier mass balances in most of Earth's glacierized regions contribute roughly one quarter to currently observed rates of sea-level rise, and have likely contributed an even larger fraction during the 20th century. The distant past and future of glaciers' mass balances, and hence their contribution to sea-level rise, can only be calculated using numerical models. Since independent of complexity, models always rely on some form of parameterizations and a choice of boundary conditions, a need for optimization arises. In this work, a model for computing monthly mass balances of glaciers on the global scale was forced with nine different data sets of near-surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies, as well as with their mean and median, leading to a total of eleven different forcing data sets. Five global parameters of the model’s mass balance equations were varied systematically, within physically plausible ranges, for each forcing data set. We then identified optimal parameter combinations by cross-validating the model results against in-situ mass balance observations, using three criteria: model bias, temporal correlation, and the ratio between the observed and modeled temporal standard deviation of specific mass balances. The goal is to better constrain the glaciers' 20th century sea-level budget contribution and its uncertainty. We find that the disagreement between the different ensemble members is often larger than the uncertainties obtained via cross-validation, particularly in times and places where few or no validation data are available, such as the first half of the 20th century. We show that the reason for this is that the availability of mass balance observations often coincides with less uncertainty in the forcing data, such that the cross-validation procedure does not capture the true out-of-sample uncertainty of the glacier model. Therefore, ensemble spread is introduced as an additional estimate of reconstruction uncertainty, increasing the total uncertainty compared to the model uncertainty obtained in the cross validation. Our ensemble mean estimate indicates a sea-level contribution by global glaciers (excluding Antarctic periphery) for 1901–2018 of 76.2 ± 5.9 mm sea-level equivalent (SLE), or 0.65 ± 0.05 mm SLE yr−1.
Case Report: Control of Heart Rate Variability to Cope with Stress and Pain After Colectomy
Authors: Baldwin Ann Linda
Published: November 2020

Colectomy is psychologically very stressful, but little information is available to help patients manage stress. The client presented with anxiety, high heart rate, and apparent arrhythmias 9 months after colectomy. After 7 weeks of daily practice of controlled breathing and positive visualization, she showed no apparent arrhythmias and felt less anxious. She then suffered a stroke and underwent ileostomy surgery, but she was soon feeling less anxious, and her blood pressure and heart rate variability resumed normal values. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of autoregulatory practices for controlling stress after colectomy.
Attachment-Informed Biofeedback—The Next Generation of Biofeedback Therapy
Authors: Ehrenreich Yossi
Published: November 2020

Traditional biofeedback generally focuses on individual therapy that serves one of two purposes: (a) treating a functional health disorder that stems from an organic source or a mental disorder caused by high levels of stress or (b) improving performance. The author describes a therapy model that was developed based on biofeedback to treat interpersonal challenges such as parent–child relationships and spousal relationships. The author begins by describing the principles of the interpersonal biofeedback model and continues with practical examples.
Feedback Regulation of the Alpha Electroencephalogram Activity through Control of the Internal and External Parameters*
Authors: Peper Erik
Published: November 2020

Summary. Experiments with feedback stimulation triggered from the subject's electroencephalogram result in changing the sequential time series of intervals of occipital alpha and intervals of little or no alpha EEG activity. The rate of recurrence of alpha and no-alpha EEG can be changed by regulating the external feedback stimuli or by asking the subject to change his internal state. Four different paradigms were investigated and the results interpreted in terms of the hypothesis that oculomotor functions regulate the occurrence and nonoccurrence of alpha.
Effects of translocation on the asari clam Ruditapes philippinarum at small spatial scales in Matsukawaura, Japan
Authors: Tomiyama Takeshi
Published: November 2020

The asari (Manila) clam Ruditapes philippinarum is a commercially important bivalve that lives on tidal flats, but the clam landings have decreased in many estuaries in Japan. To increase the production of the clam, we conducted pilot translocation experiments at small spatial
scales within the estuarine system of Matsukawaura Lagoon, Japan. Two scales were used: one was a horizontal translocation from an area with low clam productivity to an area with high productivity, and the other was a vertical translocation from the upper area to the lower area of the tidal
flat. Our caging experiment with the horizontal translocation revealed that the growth rate and somatic condition of the clams translocated to favorable conditions were significantly better than those remaining in the original habitat. On a sandy fishing ground, vertical translocation of clams
from the upper intertidal zone to the lower intertidal zone resulted in higher growth rates and better somatic conditions for the clams. Moreover, the clams from sandy ground showed larger growth increases than those from muddy-sand ground, indicating that the origin of clams affected translocation
effectiveness. We found that clam biomass increased by 42%– 53% with the vertical translocation of small (<30 mm shell length) clams during the fishery off-season from August to April. These results indicate that translocation of local clams to favorable habitats within an estuarine
system can increase clam production and yield practically during the off-season.
The Impact of Mental Health and Substance Use on Opioid Demand After Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Cunningham Daniel J. , LaRose Micaela A. , Gage Mark J.
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

Mental health and substance use and abuse disorders have been associated with poor patient-reported outcomes. Despite the prevalence of hip fractures in the United States, the relationship between opioid demand and these factors in hip fracture surgery is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to describe opioid filling volume and rates after hip fracture surgery and to identify mental health risk factors for increased demand. The study hypothesis is that psychiatric comorbidities such as depression and psychoses as well as substance use and abuse indicators such as pre-op opioid dependence, drug, alcohol, and tobacco abuse would be associated with increased perioperative opioid demand.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study of 40,514 patients undergoing surgical fixation of hip fractures using a commercially available insurance database. The primary patient-level outcome was filled opioid prescription volume in oral morphine milliequivalents converted to oxycodone 5-mg equivalents up to 1-year post-op. Adjusted measures of overall quantities filled and refill rates were assessed with multivariable main effects linear and logistic regression models.

Results:

Twenty four thousand four hundred forty-one of 40,514 patients (60.3%) filled opioid prescriptions within 7 days pre-op to 1-year post-op. Patients filling prescriptions filled a mean of 187.7 oxycodone 5-mg equivalents. Sixteen thousand five hundred seventy-seven patients (41.1%) filled two or more opioid prescriptions within 7 days pre-op to 1-year post-op. Fifteen thousand two hundred seventy-nine patients (37.7%) filled an opioid prescription between 3 months post-op and 1-year post-op, and 8,502 patients (21%) filled an opioid prescription between 9 months post-op and 1-year post-op. In multivariable models, age, pre-op opioid filling, depression, tobacco abuse, and drug abuse were risk factors significantly associated with increased perioperative opioid filling. Psychoses had a mixed effect on outcomes with decreased early perioperative filling and increased late perioperative filling. Pre-op opioid filling had the largest impact on perioperative opioid demand.

Discussion:

Pre-op opioid filling and drug abuse were the main mental health-related drivers of increased perioperative opioid prescription filling. Depression, psychoses, alcohol abuse, and tobacco abuse had small effects on prescription filling. These results can help identify patients at risk for increased opioid demand who may benefit from additional counseling, maximizing alternative pain management strategies, and possible referral to pain management specialists.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective, prognostic cohort study.