bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Patient Portal Engagement Associated with Improved Weight Loss Outcomes in Post-Bariatric Surgery Patients
Authors: Zhang Xinmeng , Kang Kaidi , Yan Chao , Feng Yubo , Vandekar Simon , Yu Danxia , Rosenbloom S. Trent , Samuels Jason , Srivastava Gitanjali , Williams Brandon , Albaugh Vance L. , English Wayne J. , Flynn Charles R. , Chen You
Published: January 2024

Background

Bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for obesity, but it requires comprehensive postoperative self-management to achieve optimal outcomes. While patient portals are generally seen as beneficial in engaging patients in health management, the link between their use and post-bariatric surgery weight loss remains unclear.

Objective

This study investigated the association between patient portal engagement and postoperative body mass index (BMI) reduction among bariatric surgery patients.

Methods

This retrospective longitudinal study included patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) between January 2018 and March 2021. Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated the association between active days of postoperative patient portal use and the reduction of BMI percentage (%BMI) at 3, 6, and 12 months post-surgery. Covariates included duration since surgery, the patient’s age at the time of surgery, gender, race and ethnicity, type of bariatric surgery, severity of comorbid conditions, and socioeconomic disadvantage.

Results

The study included 1,415 patients, mostly female (80.9%), with diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. 805 (56.9%) patients underwent RYGB and 610 (43.1%) underwent SG. By one-year post-surgery, the mean (SD) %BMI reduction was 31.1% (8.3%), and the mean (SD) number of patient portal active days was 61.0 (41.2). A significantly positive association was observed between patient portal engagement and %BMI reduction, with variations revealed over time. Each 10-day increment of active portal use was associated with a 0.57% ([95% CI: 0.42- 0.72],P< .001) and 0.35% ([95% CI: 0.22- 0.49],P< .001) %BMI reduction at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The association was not statistically significant at 12 months postoperatively (β=-0.07, [95% CI: -0.24- 0.09],P= .54). Various portal functions, including messaging, visits, my record, medical tools, billing, resources, and others, were positively associated with %BMI reduction at 3- and 6-months follow-ups.

Conclusions

Greater patient portal engagement, which may represent stronger adherence to postoperative instructions, better self-management of health, and enhanced communication with care teams, was associated with improved postoperative weight loss. Future investigations are needed to identify important portal features that contribute to the long-term success of weight loss management.
Major depressive disorder, neuroticism, suicidal behaviors, and depression severity are all associated with neurotoxic immune networks and their intricate interactions with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Maes Michael , Jirakran Ketsupar , Vasupanrajit Asara , Zhou Bo , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit , Almulla Abbas F.
Published: January 2024

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is considered to be a neuroimmune disorder. However, there are no data regarding the association between comprehensive immune profiles and their interactions with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in predicting neuroticism, suicidal behaviors, and severity of outpatient MDD (OMDD).

Methods

We assayed 48 serum cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors using a multiplex assay in 67 healthy controls and 66 OMDD patients. Around 50% of the OMDD and control participants had a diagnosis of MetS.

Results

Ten differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were upregulated in OMDD (i.e., CXCL12, TNFB, PDGF, CCL11, IL9, IL4, CCL5, CCL2, CCL4, IL1RN), indicating an immune, defense and stress response. Six DEPs were downregulated (VEGFA, IL12, CCL3, CSF1, IL1B, NGF), indicating lowered neurogenesis and regulation of neuron death. Significant interactions between OMDD and MetS caused a) substantial increases in TNF signaling, and upregulation of IL4, IL17, TNF, TNFB, CCL2, CCL5, PDGF, IL1RN; and b) downregulation of VEGFA and FGF. A large part of the variance in neuroticism (26.6%), suicidal behaviors (23.6%), and the MDD phenome (31.4%) was predicted by immunological data and interactions between MetS and CCL5, TNFB or VEGFA.

Discussion

OMDD is characterized by an immunoneurotoxic profile which partly explains neuroticism, suicidal behaviors, and the phenome’s severity. Lowered IL-10 and increased neurotoxicity are characteristics of OMDD and other depression phenotypes, including severe first-episode inpatient MDD. The presence of MetS in OMDD considerably exacerbates immunoneurotoxicity. Consequently, immune studies in MDD should always be performed in subjects with and without MetS.
Activational and organizational effects of sex hormones on hippocampal inhibitory neurons
Authors: Hernández-Vivanco Alicia , de la Vega-Ruiz Rut , Montes-Mellado Alberto , Azcoitia Íñigo , Méndez Pablo
Published: January 2024

Peripheral and brain-produced sex hormones exert sex-specific regulation of hippocampal cognitive function. Estrogens produced by neuronal aromatase regulate inhibitory neurons (INs) and hippocampal-dependent memory in adult female mice, but not in males. How and when this sex effect is stablished and how peripheral and brain sources of estrogens interact in the control of hippocampal INs is currently unknown. Using ex-vivo electrophysiology, fiber photometry, molecular analysis, estrous cycle monitoring and neonatal hormonal manipulations, we unveil estrous cycle dependent and independent features of CA1 Parvalbumin (PV) INs and hippocampal inhibition in adult female mice. Before puberty, aromatase is expressed in PV INs and regulates synaptic inhibition in female but not in male mice. Neonatal testosterone administration altered prepubertal female mice hippocampal dependent memory, PV IN function and estrogenic regulation of adult female synaptic inhibition and PV INs perineuronal nets. Our results suggest that sex differences in brain-derived estrogen regulation of CA1 inhibition are established by organizational effects of neonatal gonadal hormones and highlight the role of INs as mediators of the sexual differentiation of the hippocampus.

Highlights

Estrous cycle dependent and independent features of CA1 PV INs and hippocampal inhibition

Aromatase is expressed in male and female PV neurons before puberty.

Neuroestrogens regulate prepubertal CA1 synaptic inhibition in females but not in males.

Neonatal testosterone disrupts neuroestrogen effects on adult female hippocampus.

Neonatal testosterone affects PV INs and hippocampal function before puberty.
Higher-order epistasis within Pol II trigger loop haplotypes
Authors: Duan Bingbing , Qiu Chenxi , Lockless Steve W. , Sze Sing-Hoi , Kaplan Craig D.
Published: January 2024

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) has a highly conserved domain, the trigger loop (TL), that controls transcription fidelity and speed. We previously probed pairwise genetic interactions between residues within and surrounding the TL for the purpose of understand functional interactions between residues and to understand how individual mutants might alter TL function. We identified widespread incompatibility between TLs of different species when placed in theSaccharomyces cerevisiaePol II context, indicating species-specific interactions between otherwise highly conserved TLs and its surroundings. These interactions represent epistasis between TL residues and the rest of Pol II. We sought to understand why certain TL sequences are incompatible withS. cerevisiaePol II and to dissect the nature of genetic interactions within multiply substituted TLs as a window on higher order epistasis in this system. We identified both positive and negative higher-order residue interactions within example TL haplotypes. Intricate higher-order epistasis formed by TL residues was sometimes only apparent from analysis of intermediate genotypes, emphasizing complexity of epistatic interactions. Furthermore, we distinguished TL substitutions with distinct classes of epistatic patterns, suggesting specific TL residues that potentially influence TL evolution. Our examples of complex residue interactions suggest possible pathways for epistasis to facilitate Pol II evolution.
Mechanisms of gas sensing by internal sensory neurons inDrosophilalarvae
Authors: Lu Shan , Qian Cheng Sam , Grueber Wesley B.
Published: January 2024

Internal sensory neurons monitor the chemical and physical state of the body, providing critical information to the central nervous system for maintaining homeostasis and survival. A population of larvalDrosophilasensory neurons, tracheal dendrite (td) neurons, elaborate dendrites along respiratory organs and may serve as a model for elucidating the cellular and molecular basis of chemosensation by internal neurons. We find that td neurons respond to decreases in O2levels and increases in CO2levels. We assessed the roles of atypical soluble guanylyl cyclases (Gycs) and a gustatory receptor (Gr) in mediating these responses. We found that Gyc88E/Gyc89Db were necessary for responses to hypoxia, and that Gr28b was necessary for responses to CO2. Targeted expression of Gr28b isoform c in td neurons rescued responses to CO2in mutant larvae and also induced ectopic sensitivity to CO2in the td network. Gas-sensitive td neurons were activated when larvae burrowed for a prolonged duration, demonstrating a natural-like feeding condition in which td neurons are activated. Together, our work identifies two gaseous stimuli that are detected by partially overlapping subsets of internal sensory neurons, and establishes roles for Gyc88E/Gyc89Db in the detection of hypoxia, and Gr28b in the detection of CO2.
Viroid-like colonists of human microbiomes
Authors: Zheludev Ivan N. , Edgar Robert C. , Lopez-Galiano Maria Jose , de la Peña Marcos , Babaian Artem , Bhatt Ami S. , Fire Andrew Z.
Published: January 2024

Here, we describe the “Obelisks,” a previously unrecognised class of viroid-like elements that we first identified in human gut metatranscriptomic data. “Obelisks” share several properties: (i) apparently circular RNA ∼1kb genome assemblies, (ii) predicted rod-like secondary structures encompassing the entire genome, and (iii) open reading frames coding for a novel protein superfamily, which we call the “Oblins”. We find that Obelisks form their own distinct phylogenetic group with no detectable sequence or structural similarity to known biological agents. Further, Obelisks are prevalent in tested human microbiome metatranscriptomes with representatives detected in ∼7% of analysed stool metatranscriptomes (29/440) and in ∼50% of analysed oral metatranscriptomes (17/32). Obelisk compositions appear to differ between the anatomic sites and are capable of persisting in individuals, with continued presence over >300 days observed in one case. Large scale searches identified 29,959 Obelisks (clustered at 90% nucleotide identity), with examples from all seven continents and in diverse ecological niches. From this search, a subset of Obelisks are identified to code for Obelisk-specific variants of the hammerhead type-III self-cleaving ribozyme. Lastly, we identified one case of a bacterial species (Streptococcus sanguinis) in which a subset of defined laboratory strains harboured a specific Obelisk RNA population. As such, Obelisks comprise a class of diverse RNAs that have colonised, and gone unnoticed in, human, and global microbiomes.
Multipad Agarose Plate (MAP): A Rapid and High-Throughput Approach for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Kals Morten , Mancini Leonardo , Kotar Jurij , Donald Allen , Cicuta Pietro
Published: January 2024

We describe a phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) method that can provide an eightfold speedup in turnaround time compared to the current clinical standard by leveraging advances in microscopy and single-cell imaging. A newly developed growth plate containing 96 agarose pads, termed the Multipad Agarose Plate (MAP), can be assembled at low costs. Pads can be prepared with dilution series of antibiotics. Bacteria are seeded on the pads and automatically imaged using brightfield microscopy, with a fully automated segmentation pipeline quantifying microcolony formation and growth rate. Using a test set of nine antibiotics with very different targets, we demonstrate that accurate minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements can be performed based on the growth rate of microcolonies within three hours of incubation with the antibiotic. Faster, reliable and high throughput methods for AST, such as MAP, could improve patient care by expediting treatment initiation and alleviating the burden of antimicrobial resistance.
ByeTAC: Bypassing an E3 Ligase for Targeted Protein Degradation
Authors: Ali Eslam M. H. , Loy Cody A. , Trader Darci J.
Published: January 2024

Targeted protein degradation utilizing a bifunctional molecule to initiate ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome has been shown to be a powerful therapeutic intervention. Many bifunctional molecules, including covalent and non-covalent ligands to proteins of interest, have been developed. The traditional target protein degradation methodology targets the protein of interest in both healthy and diseased cell populations, and a therapeutic window is obtained based on the overexpression of the targeted protein. We report here a series of bifunctional degraders that do not rely on interacting with an E3 ligase, but rather a 26S proteasome subunit, which we have named ByeTACs: Bypassing E3 Targeting Chimeras. Rpn-13 is a non-essential ubiquitin receptor for the 26S proteasome. Cells under significant stress or require significant ubiquitin-dependent degradation of proteins for survival, incorporate Rpn-13 in the 26S to increase protein degradation rates. The targeted protein degraders reported here are bifunctional molecules that include a ligand to Rpn-13 and BRD4, the protein of interest we wish to degrade. We synthesized a suite of degraders with varying PEG chain lengths and showed that bifunctional molecules that incorporate a Rpn-13 binder (TCL1) and a BRD4 binder (JQ1) with a PEG linker of 3 or 4 units are the most effective to induce BRD4 degradation. We also demonstrate that our new targeted protein degraders are dependent upon proteasome activity and Rpn-13 expression levels. This establishes a new mechanism of action for our ByeTACs that can be employed for the targeted degradation of a wide variety of protein substrates.
Behavioral sequences across multiple animal species in the wild share common structural features
Authors: Minasandra Pranav , Grout Emily M , Brock Katrina , Crofoot Margaret C , Demartsev Vlad , Gersick Andrew S , Hirsch Ben T , Holekamp Kay E , Johnson-Ulrich Lily , Nayak Amlan , Ortega Josué , Roch Marie A , Strauss Eli D , Strandburg-Peshkin Ariana
Published: January 2024

Animal behavior can be decomposed into a sequence of discrete activity bouts over time. Analyzing the statistical structure of such behavioral sequences can provide insights into the drivers of behavioral decisions. Laboratory studies, predominantly in invertebrates, have suggested that behavioral sequences exhibit multiple timescales and long-range memory, but whether these results can be generalized to other taxa and to animals in natural settings remains unclear. By analyzing accelerometer-inferred predictions of behavioral states in three species of social mammals (meerkats, white-nosed coatis, and spotted hyenas) in the wild, we discovered surprisingly consistent structuring of behavioral sequences across all behavioral states, all individuals, and all study species. Behavioral bouts were characterized by decreasing hazard functions, wherein the longer a behavioral bout had progressed, the less likely it was to end within the next instant. The predictability of an animal’s future behavioral state as a function of its present state always decreased as a truncated power-law for predictions made farther into the future, with very similar estimates for the power law exponent across all species. Finally, the distributions of bout durations were also heavy-tailed. Why such shared structural principles emerge remains unknown, and we explore multiple plausible explanations, including environmental non-stationarity, behavioral self-reinforcement, and the hierarchical nature of behavior. The existence of highly consistent patterns in behavioral sequences across our study species suggests that these phenomena could be widespread in nature, and points to the existence of fundamental properties of behavioral dynamics that could drive such convergent patterns.

Significance statement

The study of animal behavior seeks to understand how and why animals do what they do. This pursuit of general principles governing behavior across species can be approached by first understandingwhenanimals choose to change their behavioral states (e.g., switching from walking to standing, or to running). Using accelerometer-inferred behaviors of three social mammals, we uncover common structural ‘long timescale’ patterns in their sequences of behavior. We explore two explanations, involving either positive feedbacks or the interaction of several independent time-scales, about how such common patterns arise.
Involvement of the cellular prion protein in seeding and spreading of sarkosyl-derived fractions of Alzheimer’s disease inPrnpmutant mice and in the P301S transgenic tauopathy mice model
Authors: Sala-Jarque Julia , Gil Vanessa , Andrés-Benito Pol , Lidón Laia , Yanac-Huertas Renato Eduardo , López-León Clara F , Hernández Félix , Ávila Jesús , Lanciego José Luis , Soriano Jordi , Nuvolone Mario , Aguzzi Adriano , Gavín Rosalina , Ferrer Isidro , del Río José Antonio
Published: January 2024

The natural cellular prion protein is known to play several roles during development and adult brain. Far from its pathological roles in prionopathies, the non-pathogenic cellular prion protein has been described as a receptor for several amyloid in oligomeric and prefibrillar forms. For some amyloids, specific domains of the protein play a crucial role in modulating amyloid’s cellular uptake and seeding properties. In most studies, the functions and the role of putative amyloid receptors have been analyzed by using brain extracts derived from human neurodegenerative patients. Another strategy has been to modify the genetic dosage of the natural prion protein in genetic models of different diseases. In this study, we take advantage of both approaches to examine whether this protein plays a role in the seeding and spreading of pathogenic tau. Our results point to a role of the natural prion protein in the emergence of pathogenic tau in a mouse model overexpressing the mutation P301S of the human tau gene. In contrast, its role is minor when sarkosyl-derived brain samples of Alzheimer’s disease are used. In fact, our results indicate that the use of this type of sample is not adequate to determine the role of a putative receptor in tau seeding and spreading.
Capturing G protein-coupled receptors into native lipid-bilayer nanodiscs using new diisobutylene/maleic acid (DIBMA) copolymers
Authors: Chu Ci , Vargas Carolyn , Barbosa Maria Carolina , Sommerhage Simon , Schröder Gunnar F. , Keller Sandro , Etzkorn Manuel
Published: January 2024

Many membrane proteins, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are susceptible to denaturation when extracted from their native membrane by detergents. Therefore, alternative methods have been developed, including amphiphilic copolymers that enable the direct extraction of functional membrane proteins along with their surrounding lipids, leading to the formation of native lipid-bilayer nanodiscs. Among these amphiphilic copolymers, styrene/maleic acid (SMA) and diisobutylene/maleic acid (DIBMA) polymers have been extensively studied and successfully utilized to isolate various types of membrane proteins, including GPCRs. Despite their many benefits, SMA and DIBMA polymers also have significant drawbacks that limit their application. Most notably, both SMA and DIBMA carry high negative charge densities, which can interfere with protein–protein and protein–lipid interactions through unspecific Coulombic attraction or repulsion. Herein, we describe a series of new amphiphilic copolymers derived from DIBMA via partial amidation of the carboxylate pendant groups with various biocompatible amines. The nanodisc-forming properties of the new polymers were assessed using model membranes as well as in the context of extracting the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), a prototypical class A GPCR. While each new DIBMA variant displays distinct features that may be favorable for selected applications, we identified a new PEGylated DIBMA variant called mPEG4-DIBMA as particularly promising for the studied purpose. On the one hand, mPEG4-DIBMA abolishes unspecific interactions with the tested peptide ligand, a prerequisite for reliably characterizing GPCR–ligand interactions. On the other hand, mPEG4-DIBMA outperforms other polymers such as SMA and DIBMA by achieving higher extraction efficiencies of MC4R from Sf9 insect cell membranes. Thus, this new nanodisc-forming polymer combines two key advantages that are crucial for investigating GPCRs in a well-defined but still native lipid-bilayer environment, thus paving the way for manifold future applications.
The calcium pump PMCA4b promotes epithelial cell polarization and lumen formation
Authors: Tóth Sarolta , Kaszás Diána , Sónyák János , Tőkés Anna-Mária , Padányi Rita , Papp Béla , Nagy Réka , Vörös Kinga , Csizmadia Tamás , Tordai Attila , Enyedi Ágnes
Published: January 2024

Loss of epithelial cell polarity and tissue disorganization are hallmarks of carcinogenesis, in which Ca2+signaling plays a significant role. Here we demonstrate that the plasma membrane Ca2+pump PMCA4 (ATP2B4) is downregulated in luminal breast cancer, and this is associated with shorter relapse-free survival in patients with luminal A and B1 subtype tumors. Using the MCF-7 breast cancer cell model we show that PMCA4 silencing results in the loss of cell polarity while a forced increase in PMCA4b expression induces cell polarization and promotes lumen formation in 2D and 3D cell cultures. We identify Arf6 as a novel regulator of PMCA4b endocytic recycling essential for PMCA4 regulated lumen formation. Silencing of the singlepmcagene inDrosophila melanogasterlarval salivary gland destroys lumen morphology suggesting a conserved role of PMCAs in lumen morphogenesis. Our findings point to a novel role of PMCA4 in controlling epithelial cell polarity, and in the maintenance of normal glandular tissue architecture.
Ewing Sarcoma Related protein 1 recognizes R-loops by binding DNA forks
Authors: Lay Michelle A. , Thompson Valery F. , Adelakun Ajibola D. , Schwartz Jacob C.
Published: January 2024

EWSR1 (Ewing Sarcoma Related protein 1) is an RNA binding protein that is ubiquitously expressed across cell lines and involved in multiple parts of RNA processing, such as transcription, splicing, and mRNA transport. EWSR1 has also been implicated in cellular mechanisms to control formation of R-loops, a three-stranded nucleic acid structure consisting of a DNA:RNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA strand. Unscheduled R-loops result in genomic and transcription stress. Loss of function of EWSR1 functions commonly found in Ewing Sarcoma correlates with high abundance of R-loops. In this study, we investigated the mechanism for EWSR1 to recognize an R-loop structure specifically. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we detected the high affinity binding of EWSR1 to substrates representing components found in R-loops. EWSR1 specificity could be isolated to the DNA fork region, which transitions between double- and single-stranded DNA. Our data suggests that the Zinc-finger domain (ZnF) with flanking arginine and glycine rich (RGG) domains provide high affinity binding, while the RNA recognition motif (RRM) with its RGG domains offer improved specificity. This model offers a rational for EWSR1 specificity to encompass a wide range in contexts due to the DNA forks always found with R-loops.
Individual connectivity-based parcellations reflect functional properties of human auditory cortex
Authors: Hakonen Maria , Dahmani Louisa , Lankinen Kaisu , Ren Jianxun , Barbaro Julianna , Blazejewska Anna , Cui Weigang , Kotlarz Parker , Li Meiling , Polimeni Jonathan , Turpin Tori , Uluc Isil , Wang Danhong , liu hesheng , Ahveninen Jyrki
Published: January 2024

Neuroimaging studies of the functional organization of human auditory cortex have focused on group-level analyses to identify tendencies that represent the typical brain. Here, we mapped auditory areas of the human superior temporal cortex (STC) in 30 participants by combining functional network analysis and 1-mm isotropic resolution 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Two resting-state fMRI sessions, and one or two auditory and audiovisual speech localizer sessions, were collected on 3-4 separate days. We generated a set of functional network-based parcellations from these data. Solutions with 4, 6, and 11 networks were selected for closer examination based on local maxima of Dice and Silhouette values. The resulting parcellation of auditory cortices showed high intraindividual reproducibility both between resting state sessions (Dice coefficient: 69-78%) and between resting state and task sessions (Dice coefficient: 62-73%). This demonstrates that auditory areas in STC can be reliably segmented into functional subareas. The interindividual variability was significantly larger than intraindividual variability (Dice coefficient: 57%-68%, p<0.001), indicating that the parcellations also captured meaningful interindividual variability. The individual-specific parcellations yielded the highest alignment with task response topographies, suggesting that individual variability in parcellations reflects individual variability in auditory function. Connectional homogeneity within networks was also highest for the individual-specific parcellations. Furthermore, the similarity in the functional parcellations was not explainable by the similarity of macroanatomical properties of auditory cortex. Our findings suggest that individual-level parcellations capture meaningful idiosyncrasies in auditory cortex organization.
Which came first, work-personal conflict or work environment? Extending the generational debate on cohort differences in turnover intention
Authors: Pittman Michael , Jung Sangwon (Sean) , Gordon Susan Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the sequential effects of work–personal conflict (WPC) and work environment (WE) on turnover intention (TI) with a focus on generational differences in the restaurant context.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the two-model approach, this study uses a moderated mediation analysis based on developed scenarios for survey questionnaires completion by participants.

Findings

The results found that WE and personal–work conflict each have a unique sequential effect on TI. However, younger generations perceived external conflicts to affect their personal lives more than older generations. For older generations, external conflict affecting personal life had caused higher intentions to quit their jobs.

Originality/value

The study provides the unique contribution of studying the sequential effects of WPC and WE on TI. Furthermore, this study helps to fill the gap of generational research by testing generational perceptions of these relationships.
Narrow gap welding seam deflection correction study based on passive vision
Authors: Zhang Wang , Fan Lizhe , Guo Yanbin , Liu Weihua , Ding Chao
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to establish a method for accurately extracting torch and seam features. This will improve the quality of narrow gap welding. An adaptive deflection correction system based on passive light vision sensors was designed using the Halcon software from MVtec Germany as a platform.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes an adaptive correction system for welding guns and seams divided into image calibration and feature extraction. In the image calibration method, the field of view distortion because of the position of the camera is resolved using image calibration techniques. In the feature extraction method, clear features of the weld gun and weld seam are accurately extracted after processing using algorithms such as impact filtering, subpixel (XLD), Gaussian Laplacian and sense region for the weld gun and weld seam. The gun and weld seam centers are accurately fitted using least squares. After calculating the deviation values, the error values are monitored, and error correction is achieved by programmable logic controller (PLC) control. Finally, experimental verification and analysis of the tracking errors are carried out.

Findings

The results show that the system achieves great results in dealing with camera aberrations. Weld gun features can be effectively and accurately identified. The difference between a scratch and a weld is effectively distinguished. The system accurately detects the center features of the torch and weld and controls the correction error to within 0.3mm.

Originality/value

An adaptive correction system based on a passive light vision sensor is designed which corrects the field-of-view distortion caused by the camera’s position deviation. Differences in features between scratches and welds are distinguished, and image features are effectively extracted. The final system weld error is controlled to 0.3 mm.
Practices and strategies for global sourcing and supply chain management: a Pareto analysis and MOORA a mixed method approach
Authors: Raj Rohit , Kumar Vimal , Mittal Ankesh , Verma Priyanka , Lai Kuei-Kuei , Singh Arpit
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to identify and prioritize the key practices and strategies for effective global sourcing and supply chain management (SCM).

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a combination of Pareto analysis and multi-objective optimization based on ratio analysis research methodology to analyze and establish the relationships among the identified key practices and strategies. Pareto analysis enables organization to prioritize organizational efforts and resources by focusing on the most critical factors.

Findings

The study shows that the “eco-friendly sourcing strategy”, “lean manufacturing” and “tool cost analysis” are the top critical practices and strategy variables for global sourcing and SCM, whereas the “risk management”, “procurement strategy” and “leverage digital solutions” are the critical practices and strategy variables.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this research can also assist organizations in making informed decisions to optimize their global sourcing and supply chain operations.

Originality/value

By using these methods, this research paper gives valuable insights into the critical practices and strategies that can enhance efficiency, mitigate risks and drive success in global sourcing and SCM. The subjects and elements this study identified will serve as a framework and suggestions for further theoretical investigation and real-world implementations.
Blockchain’s double-edged sword: thematic review of illegal activities using blockchain
Authors: Sangal Shreya , Duggal Gaurav , Nigam Achint
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this research paper is to review and synthesize the role of blockchain technology (BCT) in various types of illegal activities, including but not limited to fraud, money laundering, ransomware attacks, firearms, drug tracking, cyberattacks, identity theft and scams.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a review of studies related to illegal activities using blockchain from 2015 to 2023. Next, a thematic review of the literature was performed to see how these illegal activities were conducted using BCT.

Findings

Through this study, the authors identify the relevant themes that highlight the major illegal activities performed using BCT, its possible steps for prevention and the opportunities for future developments. Finally, the authors provide suggestions for future research using the theory, context and method framework.

Originality/value

No other research has synthesized the illegal activities using BCT through a thematic approach to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Hence, this study will act as a starting point for future research for academic and technical practitioners in this area.
Examining the impact of working conditions, lifestyle choices, and demographic factors on mental health of industrial workers
Authors: Daghagh Yazd Sahar , Karaman Mehmet Akif , Fathi Salma , Alsarraf Areej , Alajmi Shaikhah , Rutabian Sahab , Aladwani Manya
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore how factors such as working conditions, lifestyle choices and demographic characteristics may affect the mental health of industrial workers in Kuwait.

Design/methodology/approach

Within the scope of the study’s objective, the authors reached 400 industrial workers (228 male, 172 female) working in oil and gas organizations in Kuwait. An ordered logistic regression model was conducted to examine the effect of relevant independent variables on workers’ mental health.

Findings

Result indicated that employees with a lower education level (p-value = 0.015), employees who were smokers (p-value = 0.004) and employees with night shifts (p-value = 0.019), were more likely to experience mental health issues. Furthermore, result strongly highlights a higher chance of experiencing mental health problems among the workers who had longer working times (p-value = 0.000). On the other hand, having children (p-value = 0.042), visiting a mental health professional (p = 0.014) and living in a house with others (flat mate, family members, etc.) (p-value = 0.016) were statistically significant factors to improve employees’ mental health. Surprisingly, the authors’ research did not find a significant relationship between the mental health issues experienced by employees and their yearly income.

Originality/value

The paper lies in its exploration of the impact of working conditions, lifestyle choices and demographic factors on mental health of industrial workers using statistical approach. By applying ordered logistic regression, this study uncovers new insights into mental health of industrial workers.
A conceptual non-stop operation strategy for urban rail transit: a case study of São Paulo’s monorail line
Authors: Oliveira Rubens C.N. , Zhang Zhipeng
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to address the extended travel time caused by dwelling time at stations for passengers on traditional rail transit lines. To mitigate this issue, the authors propose the “Non-stop” design, which involves trains comprised of modular vehicles that can couple and uncouple from each other during operation, thereby eliminating dwelling time at stations..

Design/methodology/approach

The main contributions of this paper are threefold: first, to introduce the concept of non-stop rail transit lines, which, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, has not been researched in the literature; second, to develop a framework for the operation schedule of such a line; and third, the author evaluate the potential of its implementation in terms of total passenger travel time.

Findings

The total travel time was reduced by 6% to 32.91%. The results show that the savings were more significant for long commutes and low train occupancy rates.

Research limitations/implications

The non-stop system can improve existing lines without the need for the construction of additional facilities, but it requires technological advances for rolling stock.

Originality/value

To eliminate dwelling time at stations, the authors present the “Non-stop” design, which is based on trains composed of locomotives that couple and uncouple from each other during operation, which to the best of the authors’ knowledge has not been researched in the literature.
FTO protein regulates the TGF‐β signalling pathway through RNA N6‐methyladenosine modification to induce unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Xinqiong , Gao Yali
Published: January 2024

Recent studies have revealed the involvement of RNA m6A modification in embryonic development; however, the relationship between aberrant RNA m6A modification and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) remains unclear. In this study, we analysed the level of RNA m6A modification in trophoblasts using dot blot, RNA m6A quantification, and MeRIP assays. By integrating data from the GEO database, RNA‐Seq, and MeRIP‐Seq, we examined the aberrant expression of m6A methyltransferases and their downstream molecules in chorionic villus (placental) tissues. RNA pull‐down, RIP, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were used to analyse the binding relationship between the YTHDC1 protein and MEG3. Additionally, RNA stability and BrU immunoprecipitation chase assays were utilised to elucidate the regulation of MEG3 stability by YTHDC1. ChIP and DNA pull‐down RNA experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanism by which MEG3 targets EZH2 to the TGF‐β1 promoter. The results showed that the expression of the m6A demethylase FTO protein was significantly increased in URSA trophoblasts, leading to inhibition of the MEG3 m6A modification and weakening of the stabilising effect of the m6A binding protein YTHDC1 on MEG3. Furthermore, MEG3 was found to bind simultaneously with the EZH2 protein and the TGF‐β1 gene promoter, enabling the localisation of EZH2 protein to the TGF‐β1 gene promoter and subsequent inhibition of TGF‐β1 gene expression. In summary, our findings elucidate the mechanism by which FTO protein regulates the MEG3‐TGF‐β signalling pathway, thereby suppressing trophoblast invasion and proliferation in URSA trophoblast cells. These findings provide new insights for the treatment of URSA.
Citric acid promotes SPARC release in pancreatic cancer cells and inhibits the progression of pancreatic tumors in mice on a high‐fat diet
Authors: Xiao Guohui , Wei Yan , Xie Rongli , Tsang Yiusing , Gu Jianhua , Shen Dongjie , Ding Min , Yuan Jianming , Xu Dan , Fei Jian
Published: January 2024

Over the years, pancreatic cancer has experienced a global surge in incidence and mortality rates, largely attributed to the influence of obesity and diabetes mellitus on disease initiation and progression. In this study, we investigated the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer in mice subjected to a high‐fat diet (HFD) and observed an increase in citric acid expenditure. Notably, citrate treatment demonstrates significant efficacy in promoting tumor cell apoptosis, suppressing cell proliferation, and inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. Our investigations revealed that citrate achieved these effects by releasing secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) proteins, repolarizing M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages, and facilitating tumor cell apoptosis. Overall, our research highlights the critical role of citric acid as a pivotal metabolite in the intricate relationship between obesity and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we uncovered the significant metabolic and immune checkpoint function of SPARC in pancreatic cancer, suggesting its potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target in treating this patient population.
Ophthalmic acid is a glutathione regulating tripeptide
Authors: Schomakers Bauke V. , Jillings Sonia L. , van Weeghel Michel , Vaz Frédéric M. , Salomons Gajja S. , Janssens Georges E. , Houtkooper Riekelt H.
Published: January 2024

Since its discovery in 1958 in the lens of cows, ophthalmic acid (OPH) has stood in the shadow of its anti‐oxidant analog: glutathione (GSH). Lacking the thiol group that gives GSH many of its important properties, ophthalmic acid's function has remained elusive, and it has been widely presumed to be an accidental product of the same enzymes. In this review, we compile evidence demonstrating that OPH is a ubiquitous metabolite found in bacteria, plants, fungi, and animals, produced through several layers of metabolic regulation. We discuss the limitations of the oft‐repeated suggestions that aberrations in OPH levels should solely indicate GSH deficiency or oxidative stress. Finally, we discuss the available literature and suggest OPH's role in metabolism as a GSH‐regulating tripeptide; controlling both cellular and organelle influx and efflux of GSH, as well as modulating GSH‐dependent reactions and signaling. Ultimately, we hope that this review reinvigorates and directs more research into this versatile metabolite.
Effect of sesame protein/PVA nanofibers on oil separation and rheological properties in sesame paste
Authors: Yuzer Mustafa Onur , Genccelep Huseyin
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to prevent or minimize the oil phase separation that occurs during storage (0‐90 days) of sesame paste at room temperature. In order to determine the changes during storage in the sesame paste samples, the zeta potential, rheological properties, and the separated oil ratio were determined. Significant (p < 0.01) effects of applied storage time and additives on the amount of oil separated in sesame pastes were determined. The oil separated in sesame paste samples varied between 3.83% and 16.29%. While the rate of separated oil increased three times in the control group over time, it showed an insignificant (p > 0.05) increase especially in the samples where 2% nanofiber was added. It was determined that the separation of the oil phase from the structure could be prevented up to 24.73% with the addition of SPI and up to 63.02% with addition of SPINL (nanofiber containing protein isolate) compared to the control.

Practical applications

During storage, the particles in the sesame paste tend to precipitate, causing oil separation and residue cake, thus negatively affecting the acceptability of consumers. Additives were added in order to prevent or minimize oil phase separation, which occurs in sesame paste stored at room temperature and is not desired by consumers. As additives, nanofibers containing sesame proteins produced by the electrospinning method and sesame protein isolates (SPIs) were added. Added additives acted by preventing the separation of the oil phase from the structure. It has been determined that the addition of SPI to sesame pastes does not completely prevent the problem of oil separation in sesame paste, but is effective in delaying and reducing it. Since the oil decomposition can be reduced, the amount of oil separated and therefore the part that can sink to the bottom will decrease, so sesame paste will be consumed more appropriately and will contribute to the country's economy.
Does inequality migrate? The development of income inequality across German states
Authors: Badunenko Oleg , Popova Maria
Published: January 2024

This study analyzes the evolution of educational and occupational patterns among migrants and natives, as well as income inequality in Germany from 1985 to 2015. We show that despite migrants catching up in education, employment, and income with their native counterparts, unfavorable societal attitudes toward them have remained virtually unchanged, which can be attributed to Bourdieu's conceptualization of cultural inheritance. We find that while income inequality has increased significantly over the 30‐year period, this trend varied considerably by the federal state and that migration did nothing to add to inequality. Since both the German economy and society rely on migrants, there is a strong need for the narratives toward migrants to be based on empirical evidence. The findings of this study hold migrant‐related policy implications not only for Germany but also for other developed nations that rely on migrants as a labor force.
An application of the reasoned action approach to clinical students' intention toward a career in geriatrics
Authors: Karikari Grace , Lohrmann David K. , Huber Lesa , Adamek Margaret , Omodior Oghenekaro
Published: January 2024

Guided by the reasoned action approach, this study examined select individual, information, and social factors that influence intention toward pursuing a career in geriatrics among 314 clinical medical and nursing students in Ghana. A Poisson regression showed attitude toward older persons was a significant influencing factor of intention to choose a career in geriatrics for medical students (B = 0.015, SE = 0.0048, p = 0.002) but not nursing students (B = 0.009, SE = 0.0145, p = 0.512). Personal interest was, however, a significant influencing factor for both medical and nursing students (B = 0.462, SE = 0.0592, p = 0.000) and (B = 0.015, SE = 0.0048, p = 0.002), respectively. Nursing students with moderate to strong interest were 1.6 times more likely to express an intention to specialize in geriatrics, and medical students were 1.5 times more likely to express an intention to specialize in geriatrics. The results show that the most important factor influencing geriatric career intention is students' personal interest in the field. Evidence‐based interventions such as early educational and practice exposure to the field and interactions with older adults are recommended.
Managing risk and resilience in autonomous and intelligent systems: Exploring safety in the development, deployment, and use of artificial intelligence in healthcare
Authors: Macrae Carl
Published: January 2024

Autonomous and intelligent systems (AIS) are being developed and deployed across a wide range of sectors and encompass a variety of technologies designed to engage in different forms of independent reasoning and self‐directed behavior. These technologies may bring considerable benefits to society but also pose a range of risk management challenges, particularly when deployed in safety‐critical sectors where complex interactions between human, social, and technical processes underpin safety and resilience. Healthcare is one safety‐critical sector at the forefront of efforts to develop and deploy intelligent technologies, such as through artificial intelligence (AI) systems intended to automate key aspects of healthcare tasks such as reading medical images to identify signs of pathology. This article develops a qualitative analysis of the sociotechnical sources of risk and resilience associated with the development, deployment, and use of AI in healthcare, drawing on 40 in‐depth interviews with participants involved in the development, management, and regulation of AI. Qualitative template analysis is used to examine sociotechnical sources of risk and resilience, drawing on and elaborating Macrae's (2022, Risk Analysis, 42(9), 1999–2025) SOTEC framework that integrates structural, organizational, technological, epistemic, and cultural sources of risk in AIS. This analysis explores an array of sociotechnical sources of risk associated with the development, deployment, and use of AI in healthcare and identifies an array of sociotechnical patterns of resilience that may counter those risks. In doing so, the SOTEC framework is elaborated and translated to define key sources of both risk and resilience in AIS.