bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple terms for a complex phenotype: contribution of two clinical cases for the recognition of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Grangeiro Carlos , Galdiano Juliana , Joaquim Tatiana , Josahkian Juliana , Palhares Heloisa
Published: October 2022

22q11.2 microdeletion is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans and occurs with a frequency of 1 in 2,000-6,000 live births. Its main clinical features are associated with a failure to form derivatives of the third and fourth branchial arches during embryonic development. The phenotype includes heart outflow tract defects, craniofacial dysmorphisms (prominent and bulbous tip, external ears malformations, and posterior cleft palate) and endocrinological and immune system dysfunctions, as well as neurological and psychiatric disorders. Patients with this syndrome received different names, such as DiGeorge syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome, since the recognition was based on the phenotype. Recently, molecular and genomic techniques have shown that this syndrome has great phenotypic heterogeneity. Two children with quite distinct phenotypes from this microdeletion syndrome are described in order to review the most common clinical manifestations and highlight that the great clinical heterogeneity can complicate its recognition by pediatricians.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR DETERMINAN REPUTASI PERUSAHAAN PADA RESTORAN CEPAT SAJI DI JAKARTA
Authors: Yuliana Putri Sefvinur , Hermi
Published: October 2022

This study aims to analyze about determinant factors  the company's reputation such as  social responsibility, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and brand image on the company's reputation. This study uses primary data obtained by distributing to respondents with google form. The population in this study are consumers of fast food restaurants in DKI Jakarta. The sample used is consumers from fast food restaurants through a questionnaire used as many as 260 respondents. The sampling technique was determined by using a non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling type, namely the way of taking samples not randomly but using certain criteria, among other consumers who bought fast food restaurant products, especially in DKI Jakarta at least 2 times and at least 17 years old and knew about corporate social responsibility conducted through a questionnaire used. The data testing technique used in this study used multiple regression analysis which was operated through the SPSS version 25 program. The results of this study indicate that partially and simultaneously corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and brand image have a positive and significant effect on company reputation.
DO CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FINANCIAL CHARACTERISTICS MAY INCREASE CSR DISCLOSURES?
Authors: Utha Maria Ariesta , Arif Abubakar , Boenjamin Puspahadi
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of corporate governance and financial characteristics on the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The corporate governance variable uses the composition of the board and board committees, while the financial characteristics are proxied by the size of the company. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. A total of 17 companies used in this study were selected with the provisions of being included in the SRIKEHATI Index ranking from 2016 to 2020 with a total data of 85 observations. The method of analysis uses multiple linear regression panel data. The results show that corporate governance as measured by the composition of the board has a positive and significant effect on CSR disclosure, while the board committee has no significant effect on CSR disclosure even though the resulting coefficient is positive. The financial characteristics that are proxied through the size of the company also do not have a significant effect on CSR disclosure. Meanwhile, of the many proxies of corporate governance and financial characteristics, only 2 corporate governance variables and 1 variable are used to measure financial characteristics. The contribution of this research is that good governance through the role of the composition of the board of commissioners can improve the quality of CSR disclosure, so companies need to improve the composition of the board of commissioners in the company.
What to Look Out for, What to Do, and When: 3 Key Messages for Safely Treating Neck Pain, Headache, and/or Orofacial Symptoms in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Settings
Authors: Hutting Nathan , Mourad Firas , Kranenburg Rik , Wilbrink Wilfred , Kerry Roger , Taylor Alan
Published: October 2022

SYNOPSIS: Neck pain, headache, and/or orofacial symptoms are potentially the first (nonischemic) symptoms of an underlying vascular pathology or blood flow limitation. If an underlying vascular pathology or blood flow limitation is not recognized by the musculoskeletal rehabilitation clinician, it can subsequently be aggravated by treatment, raising the risk of serious adverse events. We argue that clinicians can make an important, and potentially lifesaving, difference by providing specific information and advice. This is especially the case in patients with an intermediate level of concern, for example, in patients who only show a few concerning features regarding a possible underlying serious condition and for whom an initial vasculogenic hypothesis was rejected during the clinical reasoning process. We present background information to help the reader understand the context of the problem and suggestions for how clinicians can provide appropriate information and advice to patients who present with neck pain, headache, and/or orofacial symptoms. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(2):59–63. Epub: 28 October 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11568
Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis of clear cell renal carcinoma in a Von Hippel–Lindau patient
Authors: Holanda Tiago S. F. , Lopes Edson
Published: October 2022

Background:

Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis is uncommon and represents only 0.6% of all spinal tumors. Renal cell carcinoma is even less frequent in this group than in lung and breast cancer. Patients with Von Hippel– Lindau disease (VHLd) present spinal hemangioblastoma more frequently.

Case Description:

A 59-year-old female patient presented with medullary syndrome. There was a previous history of VHLd, with a cerebellar hemangioblastoma resection years ago. The radiological investigation showed a cervical intramedullary solid-cystic lesion. The patient has submitted a tumor resection, and a pathological and immunohistochemistry study confirmed clear cell renal carcinoma metastasis.

Conclusion:

In patients with VHLd, the presence of an intramedullary solid-cystic lesion may not represent always a hemangioblastoma. Other diagnostic possibilities must be evaluated, despite being epidemiologically less frequent. Inside the group of patients with VHLd, only a previous case of intramedullary spinal cord renal cell carcinoma was reported in the literature.
Surgical management of petrous apex cholesteatomas in the pediatric population: A systematic review
Authors: Reardon Taylor , Turnow Morgan , Elston Sidney , Brown Nolan J. , Koller Gretchen M. , Sharma Shelly , Kortz Michael W. , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Fraser Justin F.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Cholesteatomas are growths of squamous epithelium that can form inside the middle ear and mastoid cavity and damage nearby structures causing hearing loss when located at the petrous apex. The primary goal of petrous apex cholesteatoma resection is gross total removal with tympanoplasty and canal-wall up or canal-wall down tympanomastoidectomy. At present, there is no definitive surgical approach supported by greater than level 4 evidence in the literature to date.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted utilizing PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Articles were screened and selected to be reviewed in full text. The articles that met inclusion criteria were reviewed for relevant data. Data analysis, means, and standard deviations were calculated using Microsoft Excel.

Results:

After screening, five articles were included in the systematic review. There were a total of eight pediatric patients with nine total cholesteatomas removed. Conductive hearing loss was the most common (77%) presenting symptom. Perforations were noted in seven ears (86%). Recurrence was noted in 50% of patients with an average recurrence rate of 3.5 years (SD = 1.73). Average length of follow-up was 32.6 months (SD = 21.7). Canal-wall up was the most utilized technique (60%) and there were zero noted surgical complications. Five of the seven (71%) patients that experienced hearing loss from perforation noted improved hearing.

Conclusion:

Due to its rarity, diagnostic evaluation and treatment can vary. Further, multi-institutional investigation is necessary to develop population-level management protocols for pediatric patients affected by petrous apex cholesteatomas.
White cord syndrome following posterior decompression and fusion for severe OPLL and an acute traumatic cervical injury – A case report and review of literature
Authors: Dahapute Aditya Anand , Balasubramanian Sai Gautham , Annis Prokopis
Published: October 2022

Background:

White cord syndrome (WCS) refers to the observation of intramedullary hyperintensity due to edema/ischemia and swelling on postoperative T2-weighted MRI sequences in the setting of unexplained neurological deficits after cervical spinal cord decompression. Pathophysiologically, WCS/reperfusion injury (RPI) occurs due to oxygen derived free radicals as a result of acute reperfusion or direct trauma from blood flow itself. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) can give early warning and detect neurologic deficits. Here, we are presenting a case of a patient who had a chronic severe ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of cervical cord, underwent decompressive surgery, and developed quadriplegia postoperatively without any perceptible iatrogenic cord trauma, documented by IONM and postoperative MRI with classical signs of WCS.

Case Description:

A 63-year-old male presented with low velocity fall at home followed by quadriparesis. X-ray images on presentation showed C6 fracture and local kyphosis. MRI images showed that there is marked spinal canal stenosis from C2 down to C4 due to OPLL with intrinsic signal changes in the cord. On decompression, motor-evoked potential signals were not present below C4. Immediate postoperative MRI was done to rule out any compressive pathology. MRI showed T2 hyperintensity of the cord at C3 level with cord edema. No evidence of epidural hematoma or other compressive lesion was found and the diagnosis of WCS/RPI was established.

Conclusion:

WCS is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion. Very rarely, patients sustain severe/new neurological deficits postoperatively attributed to WCS. Unless, this is confirmed postoperatively with classical MRI signs of intramedullary hyperintensity, the diagnosis should not be invoked.
Support and guide performance comparison of balloon guide catheters
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Takeuchi Masataka , Uyama Atsushi , Konishi Yoshifumi , Iwabuchi Satoshi
Published: October 2022

Background:

Several types of balloon guide catheters (BGCs) are used in mechanical thrombus retrieval. However, direct comparisons of their supporting and guiding performance have not been reported. We compared the supporting and guiding performance of the Branchor, Flowgate, and Optimo BGCs using a type 3 aorta artificial vascular model.

Methods:

An inner catheter was pushed into the artificial vascular model using a linear actuator for the supporting performance evaluation. A previously placed BGC in the internal carotid artery was then intentionally caused to slip. Supporting performance was evaluated by measuring the distance the BGC slipped and generated maximum resistance during Inner catheter insertion. For the guiding performance experiment, a linear actuator was used to guide the BGC into the internal carotid artery of the artificial vessel model. The guiding performance was evaluated by measuring the distance reached by the BGC, maximum resistance generated during insertion of the guiding catheter, and distance the inner catheter slipped. Each experiment was replicated 5 times.

Results:

No statistically significant differences were observed in the results of the five supporting performance experiments. However, the results of the first and second experiments suggested that the Optimo offers better supporting performance. In the guiding performance experiment, significant differences were observed, suggesting that the Branchor and Flowgate have superior guiding performance in comparison with the Optimo.

Conclusion:

The Optimo offered superior supporting performance, while the Branchor and Flowgate showed better guiding performance than the Optimo.
Infratentorial retroclival and tentorial subdural hematoma from posterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture: A case report and systematic review of literature
Authors: Saway Brian Fabian , Fielder Tristan , Alshareef Mohammed Abdul , Rafka Habib Emil , Sattur Mithun , Lena Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Background:

The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the pathogenesis, clinical course, and prognosis of patients who suffer from aneurysm rupture, leading to subdural hematoma (SDH) of the infratentorial space without associated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods:

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a literature review was conducted in PubMed and Scopus electronic databases for relevant published cases of aneurysmal SDH (AnSDH) of the infratentorial compartment without associated SAH. The presentation, treatment, clinical course, and outcome of identified cases are compiled. In addition, a patient suffering from an infratentorial SDH following aneurysm rupture is presented with an illustrative case.

Results:

Three articles were identified and met inclusion criteria. All cases occurred from ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysms. All patients arrived with a Hunt and Hess classification of 2 or less. Only one case was managed with operative aneurysm clipping and hematoma evacuation while the other three cases were managed endovascularly. There were no reported postoperative complications, vasospasm, or seizures reported. All patients had a final Modified Rankin score of 3 or less at last reported follow-up.

Conclusion:

Infratentorial AnSDH without associated SAH is an etiology rarely reported in the literature. Here, we present a case report and systematic review demonstrating a relatively benign clinical course and outcome compared to report aneurysm rupture associated with SAH or mixed SAH and SDH. Moreover, there appear to be lower rates of vasospasm and improved outcomes in patients with isolated AnSDH compared to the literature aneurysmal SAH rates.
Right-sided aortic arch with complex anomalies presented with transient ischemic attack
Authors: Al-Khazaali Younus M. , Hummadi Noor A. , Ismail Mustafa , Al-Waely Noor K. , Ahmed Fatimah O. , Hoz Samer S. , Andaluz Norberto
Published: October 2022

Background:

The right-sided aortic arch (RAA) is an uncommon anatomical anomaly found in <0.1% of the adult population. In this article, we report a case of RAA anomaly with an aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSA) and Kommerell’s diverticulum associated with aneurysmal dilation of the ascending aorta, left carotid artery (CCA) stenosis, and pancake kidney presented with a transient ischemic attack (TIA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature that discusses such associations, especially in a symptomatic patient with neurological rather than tracheaesophageal symptoms and in the absence of the steal phenomenon.

Case Description:

A 52-year-old male, with a history of recurrent multiple TIAs, presented immediately after the onset of blurred vision and left-sided weakness. The initial diagnostic cerebral angiogram revealed a left CCA stenosis of <30%, with normal posterior circulation vasculature. The diagnosis of RAA was made with computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the thoracic and abdominal aorta, which revealed Type 2 RAA, with ALSA, which had a bullous dilatation at its origin that suggests Kommerell’s diverticulum. Another two findings on CTA were a persistent left-sided superior vena cava that ended in the coronary sinus and a single pelvic fused renal mass (Pancake kidney).

Conclusion:

We presented an extremely rare case of RAA with ALSA associated with a group of extra rare anomalies. Understanding the anatomical variants of RAA and its characteristics is critical to improving the management and follow-up of patients with such anomalies.
Ingenieurbau im Bestand
Authors: Marx Steffen
Published: October 2022

ngenieurbauwerke sind zentrale Elemente der technischen Infrastruktur eines Landes. Ihr sicheres Funktionieren ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Daseinsvorsorge und die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. In den letzten Jahren sind vor allem die bestehenden Brückenbauwerke in den Fokus der öffentlichen Aufmerksamkeit geraten. Zum einen wird nach langen Erklärungsbemühungen der Bauverwaltungen nun auch seitens der Politik endlich wahrgenommen, dass sich der Zustand der Bauwerke in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten merklich verschlechtert hat. Zum anderen sorgen die jüngsten unplanmäßigen Brückensperrungen auf Autobahnen und Eisenbahnstrecken für Verkehrsinfarkte und heftige Verspätungen. Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland verfügt über einen Bestand von ca. 40.000 Brücken auf Bundesfernstraßen mit einer Gesamtfläche von ca. 32 Millionen Quadratmetern. Der überwiegende Teil dieser Bauwerke besteht aus Stahlbeton und Spannbeton. Hinzu kommen ca. 26.000 Eisenbahnbrücken mit einer Gesamtbrückenfläche von ca. 9 Millionen Quadratmetern, ebenfalls weitgehend in Massivbauweise. Mit einem durchschnittlichen Preis von 3.500 €/m² für Straßenbrücken und von 10.000 €/m² für Eisenbahnbrücken hätten diese Bauwerke einen Wiederbeschaffungsneuwert von etwa 200 Milliarden Euro, was etwa 25 % der gesamten jährlichen Steuereinnahmen von Bund und Ländern entspricht. Hinzu kommen nochmals etwa 70.000 Brückenbauwerke im kommunalen Bestand. Der Brückenbestand Deutschlands stellt damit ein riesiges Anlagevermögen dar. Ihn vollständig zu erneuern würde erhebliche Aufwendungen verursachen. Deshalb kommt der kontinuierlichen Instandhaltung und Sanierung der Brückenbauwerke eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu.
Erhöhung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Wasserbauwerken durch faserbewehrte, zementgebundene Komposite
Authors: Reichardt Michaela , Mechtcherine Viktor , Müller Steffen
Published: October 2022

Sehr viele Infrastrukturbauwerke haben bereits eine hohe Nutzungsdauer hinter sich und müssen instandgesetzt oder neu errichtet werden. Im Zuge der aktuellen Bestrebungen, mit möglichst geringen Materialeinsätzen die notwendige Bauwerkssicherheit zu erzeugen, rücken dünne Instandsetzungsschichten immer häufiger in den Fokus der Planenden. Aufgrund fehlender Beispielbauten und Umsetzungsrichtlinien werden solche Lösungen jedoch oft nicht ausgeführt. Im hier vorgestellten Beispiel wird anhand einer über 100 Jahre alten Schleuse die Möglichkeit einer Sanierung mit dünnen Schichten aus hochduktilem Beton (engl.: strain-hardening cement-based composites, SHCC) und Textilbeton (engl.: textile reinforced concrete, TRC) vorgestellt sowie Ergebnisse aus dem nunmehr dreijährigen Bauwerksmonitoring dargelegt.
Pumpverhalten und Blockierungsneigung von Beton
Authors: Mikhalev Daniil , Mechtcherine Viktor , Cotardo Dario , Haist Michael
Published: October 2022

Beim Fördern von Transportbeton mittels Betonpumpen kann es zum unvorhergesehenen Blockieren der Förderleitung kommen. Die Ursachen dafür sind oftmals nicht offensichtlich und können mit rheologischen Eigenschaften des Frischbetons bzw. mit seinem Entmischungsverhalten, der Pumpleitungsgeometrie oder der Pumptechnik zusammenhängen. Die hohe Anzahl an Einflussfaktoren erschwert das Vorhersagen von Blockierungen in einem Fördersystem und ein frühzeitiges Ergreifen von Gegenmaßnahmen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Erkenntnisse aus großmaßstäblichen Pumpversuchen vorgestellt. Diese Versuche wurden im Rahmen des AiF-Forschungsvorhabens „Sichere Betonförderung – Pumpbarkeit und Pumpstabilität“ (AiF-Nr. 20947 BG) durchgeführt, um eine wissenschaftliche Grundlage für die Beschreibung des Blockierungsverhaltens unterschiedlicher Betone zu schaffen und der Baubranche bereitzustellen.
Carbonbeton unter Druck – Einfluss von Querdruck und Querzug
Authors: Betz Peter
Published: October 2022

Während die Zugfestigkeit im Fokus der Forschung am Werkstoff Carbonbeton steht, wurde die Tragfähigkeit des Materials unter Druck bisher kaum untersucht. Aufbauend auf ersten Erkenntnissen zur einaxialen Druckfestigkeit von Carbonbeton werden im Rahmen dieses Projekts scheibenförmige Prüfkörper aus Carbonbeton mit einer kombinierten Einwirkung aus Druck und zusätzlich wirkenden Querdruck- und Querzugbelastungen betrachtet. Dieser Beitrag stellt die ersten Ergebnisse der zweiaxialen Druckbelastungen vor und gibt einen Ausblick auf weiterführende Untersuchungen im Projekt.
Polarizable force field for acetonitrile based on the single-center multipole expansion
Authors: Myneni Hemanadhan , Örn Jónsson Elvar , Jónsson Hannes , Ougaard Dohn Asmus
Published: October 2022

A polarizable potential function describing the interaction between acetonitrile molecules is introduced. The molecules are described as rigid and linear with three mass sites corresponding to the CH3 group (methyl, Me), the central carbon atom (C), and the nitrogen atom (N). The electrostatic interaction is represented using a single center multipole expansion (SCME) as has been done previously for H2O [Wikfeldt et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 16542 (2013)], by including multipole moments from dipole up to and including hexadecapole, as well as anisotropic dipole-dipole, dipole-quadrupole and quadrupole-quadrupole polarizability tensors. The model is free of point charges. The non-electrostatic part is described in a pair-wise fashion by a Born-Mayer repulsion and damped dispersion attraction. The potential function is parameterized to fit the interaction energy of small (CH3CN)n, n=2-6, clusters calculated using the PBE0 hybrid functional with an additional atomic many-body dispersion contribution. The parameterized potential function is found to compare well with results of the electronic structure calculations of dissociation curves for different dimer orientations and cohesive properties (the equilibrium volume, cohesive energy, and the bulk modulus) of the α-phase of acetonitrile crystal. The average value of the molecular dipole moment obtained in the α-phase is 5.53 D, corresponding to a ca. 40% increase as compared to the dipole moment of an isolated acetonitrile molecule, 3.92 D. The calculated densities of solid and liquid acetonitrile turn out to be 8-10% higher than experimental values. This appears to be caused by an overestimate of the atomic many-body dispersion interaction in the density functional calculations used as input in the parametrization of the potential function.
Controlling transport of ion pairs by a light-responsive heteroditopic azobenzene carrier
Authors: Niedbała Patryk , Narodowiec Jakub , Ceborska Magdalena , Granda Jarosław , Dąbrowa Kajetan
Published: October 2022

Precise and stimuli-controllable transport of charged and neutral guests is a hallmark of cellular processes. Although ion transport has been mimicked with artificial carriers, no such systems are known for electrically neutral ion pairs. We have engineered an artificial carrier (1) that demonstrates a regulated binding and transport of ion pairs dependant on the photo-controlled translocation of the cation and anion binding domains. The NMR and electrochemical experiments supported by DFT calculations show that UVA-generated V-shaped cis-1, featuring ion binding domains close to each other, exhibits an unprecedented 74-fold higher extraction rate of ion pairs relative to the native trans-1.
Temperature sensitive copolymers as a model system for understanding the physical basis of nonequilibrium assembly
Authors: Chittari Supraja , Obermeyer Allie , Knight Abigail
Published: October 2022

Both natural biomaterials and synthetic materials benefit from complex energy landscapes that provide the foundation for structure-function relationships and environmental sensitivity. Understanding these nonequilibrium dynamics is important for the development of design principles to harness this behavior. Using a model system of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-based thermoresponsive lower critical solution temperature (LCST) copolymers, we explored the impact of composition, path, and macromolecular crowding on nonequilibrium thermal hysteretic behavior. Through turbidimetry analysis of non-superimposable heat-cool cycles, we observe that LCST copolymers show clear hysteresis that varies as a function of pendent side chain length and hydrophobicity. Hysteresis is further impacted by the temperature ramp rate, as insoluble states can be kinetically trapped under optimized temperature protocols. Finally, the use of common crowding agents shows that excluded volume effects diminish the hysteresis behavior. This systematic study brings to light practical design principles that can enable the harnessing of out-of-equilibrium effects in synthetic soft materials.
Elucidating Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Kinetics via Intermediates by Time-Dependent Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Wu Kaiqing , Chen Ran , Zhou Zhixin , Chen Xinghua , Lv Yanqin , Ma Jin , Shen Yanfei , Liu Songqin , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: October 2022

Facile evaluation of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics for massive electrocatalysts is critical for sustainable fuel cells development and industrial H2O2 production. Despite great success in ORR studies by mainstream strategies, such as membrane electrode assembly, rotation electrode technique and advanced surface-sensitive spectroscopy, the time/spatial distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) intermediates in the diffusion layer is still unknown. By time-dependent electrochemiluminescence (Td-ECL), here we report an intermediate-oriented methodology for ORR kinetics analysis. Thanks to multiple ultra-sensitive stoichiometric reactions between ROS and the ECL emitter, except for electron transfer numbers and rate constants, the potential-dependent time/spatial distribution of ROS was successfully obtained for the first time. Such uncovered exclusive information would guide fuel cells and H2O2 production with maximized activity and durability, for instance, a larger overpotential would be beneficial to electrocatalysts of 2e reduction for H2O2 production, because of the high yield of H2O2 and low concentration of attackable O2•. This work would pave the exploration of not only the fundamentals of unambiguous ORR mechanism but also the durability of electrocatalysts for practical applications.
(إِمَّا) دراسةٌ نحويَّةٌ دلالية تطبيقيَّةٌ في القرآنِ الكريمِ: "القسم الثاني"
Authors: Mohamed Sebah H.
Published: October 2022

إنّ لحروفِ المعاني دلالاتٍ متنوعةً، ويرجع لها الدور البارز في أداء المعاني المُرادة، وتكونُ هي المحدّد للمعنى المقصود أحيانا. وهذا البحث مقتصر على حرف شائع الاستعمال في النصوص العربية ولاسيّما التراثية منها، وهو الأداة (إِمَّا). وهو دراسةٌ جامعة مانعة في هذه الأداة، كاشف لحقيقته التي لم تَحْظَ من القدامى والمحدثين بهذا القدر من الاهتمام؛ إذ يُعرِّف بها، وبأنواعها، وكيفية ضبطِها بالشكل، وبيان معانيها، وعدد مرَّات ورودِها في آي الذِّكْرِ الحكيم. وتمّ ذلك على وفق خُطَّةٍ تقوم على الوصف، والاستقراء، والمقابلة، والنقد، موثقا كلّ ذلك ومسنداً الأقوال والآراء والأبيات الشعرية إلى أصحابها قدر المستطاع وحسب الحاجة ومقتضيات البحث العلمية... وقد توصل البحث إلى نتائج عديدة أبرزها: تكرار الأخطاء في العديد من المسائل لنقل اللاحق عن السابق من دون تدقيق وتمحيص؛ ولذا نجد أن نسبة الآراء غير دقيقة إلى أصحابها في هذا الموضوع. عدم نسبة أكثر الشواهد المتعلقة بـ(إِمّا) إلى قائليها وعدم ذكر الروايات المختلفة التي تخص موطن الشاهد، وكذلك خلو الموسوعات ومعاجم شواهد النحو الشعرية من العديد من الشواهد على الرغم من شهرتها وورودها في مصادر مشهورة.
ملكيات النساء في العصر العباسي الثاني(232 – 334ه / 846 – 945م)
Authors: Al Dusky Ramzia H. H.
Published: October 2022

سعى البحث الى تحديد مصادر ملكية النساء في العصر العباسي الثاني، فمن المعلوم أن هنالك تنوع في مصادر الملكية للرجال والنساء على حد سواء ويعد الميراث والمهر والهبات والهدايا والصلات والاقطاع من أهم مصادر التملك لديهم، وخاصة أن الاسلام شجع على العمل وذلك لدورها المهم في تنمية ثروة الافراد، وأنه لم يقف حائلاً أمام ممارسة النساء للأعمال التي كانت تمارسهن قبل الاسلام سواءاً بصورة مباشرة وشخصية أو عن طريق وكلاء ونواب ومكاتبين، دون عوائق تحول عن ذلك حيث العمر او المكان والزمان، كما ادت الحياة المرفهة في قصور الخلافة أدى الى بروز دور الجواري بصورة تفوق العادة، جاهدت الحرائر والجواري من اجل تنمية ملكياتهم، وأختتم البحث بنتائج تشير الى مشروعية هذه المصادر لتنمية ملكياتهم في النظرة الاسلامية ،مع بيان اهمية العمل في تنمية ثروة النساء.
اثر ابعاد التمكين النفسي في الرضا الوظيفي والأداء الوظيفي للعاملين ( دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من العاملين في عدد من المنظمات الخدمية في مدينة بغداد)
Authors: Hamady Saad F.
Published: October 2022

هدف البحث الى تحديد ابعاد التمكين النفسي (الكفاءة، معنى العمل، الاستقلالية، الأثر) وتأثيرها في الرضا الوظيفي والأداء الوظيفي للعاملين في المنظمات الخدمية في مدينة بغداد. واعتمد البحث مجتمع تألف من ثلاثة فنادق فئة خمس نجوم وثلاثة مصارف اهلية في بغداد. وللتحقق من فرضيات البحث، جرى استخدام استبانة تضمنت عشرون فقرة تقيس وتكشف مدى تطبيق إدارات تلك الفنادق والمصارف للتمكين النفسي من وجهة نظر العاملين وبأستخدام مقياس ليكرت الخماسي، واعتماد اسلوب الأنحدار المتسلسل للتعبير عن طبيعة اثر ابعاد التمكين النفسي في الرضا الوظيفي والأداء الوظيفي للعاملين وبأعتماد برنامج SPSS للحصول على النتائج الإحصائية. والتي اظهرت إدراك أفراد عينة كل من الفنادق والمصارف لأبعاد التمكين النفسي مع وجود نظرة إيجابية لديهم في علاقة تلك الأبعاد وتمكينهم. كما واظهرت نتائج تحليل الأنحدار المتسلسل لأجابات العاملين في عينة الفنادق ان البُعدين ( الاستقلالية و الأثر)كان لهم مساهمة فاعلة في التأثير على الرضا والأداء الوظيفي للعاملين، بينما الكفاءة ومعنى العمل فلم يكن لهما تأثير. اما في عينة المصارف اظهرت نتائج التحليل ان (الأثر ومعنى العمل) لهما تأثير واضح على الرضا الوظيفي للعاملين. بينما (معنى العمل والكفاءة) لهما تأثير على الأداء الوظيفي للعاملين. فضلاً الى ان بعُد (الأستقلالية ) من بين الأبعاد الأربعة لم يكن له اي مساهمة في التأثير على الرضا والأداء الوظيفي من وجهة نظر العاملين في المنظمات المصرفية. وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والمقترحات.
FACTORS AFFECTING CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF THE BANKS LISTED ON IRAQI STOCK EXCHANGE (2009-2014)
Authors: Mohammed Renas I. , Gawdan Kovan M. A. , Babela Islam S. T.
Published: October 2022

The current study aims to examine the factors affecting capital structure of (16) banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange (ISX) during the period 2009 to 2014. Several factors could have an impact on capital structure. While, this study concentrates on four characteristics of Iraqi banks and attempts to identify their effect on financing decision of these banks. Growth, profitability, liquidity and size have been used as independent variables. However, the study depends on leverage as a dependent variable to measure the capital structure of banks. Using a multiple linear regression model by (SPSS) program different results have been revealed. The findings show that growth is not one of the determinants of capital structure and it has no effect on the leverage of these banks at all. While, there is a statistically negative relationship of capital structure choice with profitability and liquidity. On the other hand, the findings indicate that the size affects capital structure of the banks positively and significantly. The study could have a great contribution to financing decision of the banks listed on ISX for choosing the optimal capital structure.
ZAKHO: A TOWN OF TOLERANCE AND COEXISTENCE IN ARIEL SABAR’S MY FATHER’S PARADISE
Authors: Rasheed Khorsheed M. , Abdulkarim Chiad A.
Published: October 2022

Despite the fact that Zakho provides a safe sheltering for multi-faith/ethnic groups, little has been documented about tolerance and coexistence regarding people residing this town. This paper analyzes a book titled My Father’s Paradise, written by Ariel Sabar, published in 2008. It focuses on the initial events of the book that take place in Zakho; a town located in Kurdistan region of Iraq. This town plays an important role in the development of Sabar’s main characters of the story. Additionally, the paper focuses on the notion of tolerance among various religious groups co-existing in the same town. In exploring the notions of tolerance and coexistence, researchers closely approach the development of major character in order to gain insights into characters’ lifestyle and how they are represented in the world of the story. The paper concludes that the ambience of Zakho town, including cultural, traditional and geographical elements as well as personal names, have essentially influenced individuals’ moral, intellectual, and spiritual character development of My Father’s Paradise.
METHODS OF PROSECUTOR'S SUPERVISION OF COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS TO ENSURE THE RIGHTS OF THE SUSPECT
Authors: Bugayov Yaroslav
Published: October 2022

Introduction. According to Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine, a person, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security are recognized as the highest social value. Human and civil rights and freedoms and their guarantees determine the content and direction of the state. The functioning of the constitutional legal mechanism to ensure the fundamental rights and freedoms of participants in criminal proceedings is determined by the task of effectively ensuring the rights and freedoms of everyone from abuse and arbitrariness by operational units, investigators, investigators by prosecutorial response based on procedural control, state bodies and their officials.

Summary of the main research results. The article considers the methods of prosecutorial control over the procedural activities of the investigator, provides legal constructions for improving the methods and techniques of control. Methods of prosecutorial control should include the basic provisions of legality, reasonableness, completeness of the pre-trial investigation, establishing the guilt of the suspect and the circumstances of the criminal offense. The method of prosecutorial activity can be determined, which is a set of theoretically substantiated and empirically confirmed methods of performance by the prosecutor of the function of prosecution, establishing the circumstances of a criminal offense.

Conclusions. The article offers theoretical aspects and practical solutions to emerging problems on the basis of the criminal process of Ukraine. The method of prosecutorial control and supervision in criminal proceedings includes the optimal methods and means of exercising the powers of the prosecutor at the stage of pre-trial investigation.
FREEDOM, LAW, LEGAL ACTIVITY OF PERSONALITY
Authors: Voronova Izabella
Published: October 2022

ANNOTATION: Introduction. The article emphasizes that in a mature democracy, members of civil society are given the opportunity to maximize the value potential of freedom and rights. The ratio of the values of freedom and law, allows a free individual to achieve the realization of priority rights and freedoms, to strengthen its legal status, to ensure a dignified existence. The analysis of features of a parity of freedom, values of the right and legal actions of the free person is given. It is concluded that the restriction of individual freedom and the isolation of the values of law from the state of freedom is inadmissible.

Conclusions. In a mature democracy, the development of the foundations of civil society and the rule of law, the relationship between freedom and the values of law becomes an important channel for the individual to strengthen its status. Legal laws, the value content of other normative legal acts, should be aimed at the development of a free individual who will be able to strengthen their own legal activity, to achieve on this basis the priority goals of life through lawful behavioral actions. The existence of freedom is a prerequisite for the manifestation of the true values of law, a factor influencing the desire of members of civil society to maximize the potential of law in order to acquire their dignified existence. Freedom and law within a civilized, democratic social system have a valuable influence on each other. Outside of freedom, the law loses many of its qualities, the format for expressing freedom and serving the priority vital interests of members of society decreases. Freedom outside the values of law loses its practical purpose, becomes a value abstraction, because the individual is deprived of the opportunity to enjoy natural and inalienable rights and freedoms. Only a truly free individual, who finds a real opportunity to use valuable legal opportunities, on the basis of his high level of legal awareness and with the help of proper legal activity, can master all the leading spheres of social and legal reality.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN K3 PROYEK KONSTRUKSI TERHADAP PERILAKU TENAGA KERJA DAN KECELAKAAN KERJA DI KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Lidya Ellida Novita , Firdasari Firdasari , Nufus Hayatun
Published: October 2022

Pengetahuan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) menjadi kebutuhan mendasar terkait perilaku tenaga kerja yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan pekerjaan, dan juga potensi risiko kecelakaan kerja yang tinggi pada proyek konstruksi. Kasus kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi di Kota Langsa di tahun 2019 pada proyek Rumah Sakit Rujukan Regional menyebabkan salah satu tenaga kerja tertusuk besi dan terjatuh dari ketinggian. Tahun 2021 salah satu pekerja tersetrum aliran listrik pada pembangunan ruko di daerah Sidorejo, Kecamatan Langsa Lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan K3 terhadap perilaku dan kecelakaan kerja pada proyek konstruksi di Kota Langsa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan insidental sampling dengan 40 responden tenaga kerja yang tersebar pada beberapa proyek konstruksi di Kota Langsa. Metode regresi linear berganda digunakan sebagai metode penelitian dengan melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji-t, uji-f, dan koefisien determinan (R2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebesar 75,11% tenaga kerja memiliki pengetahuan K3 yang baik, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pekerja dan kecelakaan kerja pada proyek konstruksi di Kota Langsa karena diperoleh nilai signifikansi untuk variabel perilaku pekerja sebesar 0,985 > 0,05 dan kecelakaan kerja sebesar 0,392 > 0,05.
Criterios para la comprensión didáctica y contextual del currículo como espacio público en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Fernández Betsi Josefina , Casimiro Urcos Consuelo Nora , Casimiro Urcos Walther Hernán , Casimiro Urcos Javier Francisco
Published: October 2022

El presente estudio referido a la dinámica curricular del siglo XXI en el contexto universitario, tiene como propósito generar criterios teóricos para la comprensión didáctica y contextual del Currículo como Espacio Público en tiempos de pandemia, a los fines de contribuir con la gestión integral del proceso formativo de ciudadanos, profesionales e investigadores en diferentes campos de conocimiento, tomando como referencia la actividad curricular desarrollada en la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador, dedicada a la formación docente en Venezuela, en los ocho Institutos Pedagógico que la conforman como escenario de concreción de los aportes teóricos que se presentan en esta obra.
Microbial and operational factors affecting energy recovery potential for anaerobic membrane bioreactors treating different wastewater types. (c2022)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Ramadan Lama
Published: October 2022

Water scarcity has become a worldwide issue that is exacerbated in developing countries due to excessive pollution of water resources. In order to allow for sustainable practices that are capable of facilitating wastewater reuse, different types of wastewater treatment systems have been implemented over the years. While wastewater systems are traditionally designed to reduce pollutants and pathogens prior to discharge, a major factor that also requires consideration is energy expenditure and recovery potential during treatment. Recently, anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) have been shown as having certain advantages compared to conventional aerobic systems, as well as other anaerobic treatment methods such as the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). Several factors affect energy recovery from AnMBRs including the influent wastewater strength and type, the operating parameters, and the adaptation of microbial communities. In that context, the overall work of this thesis assessed factors associated with energy use and recovery in an AnMBR and consist of multiple experiments treating different types of wastewaters under varying operating conditions. The first experiment treating synthetic wastewater highlighted the effect of operating three membranes with different permeate fluxes on the energy consumption of the system. The second experiment treating municipal wastewater highlighted the tipping point of energy neutrality of the system due to the low organic content of the influent. The third experiment treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) over three phases with decreasing hydraulic retention times (HRTs) concluded that the microbial adaptation to the high-strength wastewater can directly impact the energy produced from the system. In the PSW experiment, microbial risk-associated elements (such as pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes) were also assessed in effluents. An additional experiment conducted for olive mill wastewater reiterated the AnMBR’s capacity to successfully recover energy from complex agro-industrial wastewaters. It was found that for such high-strength wastewaters, energy expenditure for substrate heating or electrical demand is negligible in comparison to the potential variability in methane production rates achievable.
Personalized Politics, Presidentialized Systems, and Migration. (c2022)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Malass jad
Published: October 2022

This thesis investigates the relationship between migration policies followed by governments and the characteristics and nature of “personalized politics” at the executive level of government. It focuses mainly on decisions that involve migrations issues at international borders since 2016, and precisely on issues on the southeast of the European Union’s border. It lends credence to the argument that there is a direct correlation between the nature and the level of personalized politics at the executive level and the migration policies followed by states. As argued in the thesis, “personalized politics” is the outcome of the personality of the political executive (president or prime minister) and the political powers granted to him/her by his/her country’s constitution and political system. The thesis employs the comparative multi-case study research design, combining components of both cross-sectional and case study designs. It investigates the cases of the former German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in the context of the EU-Turkey statement on migration governance. After employing a Leadership Trait Analysis (LTA) with a comparison of executive power allocations between the two cases, the thesis concludes that leadership traits directly affected the nature of border policies between Turkey, Germany, and EU.
MMORPGs, Transnationalism and Alternative Migration. (c2022)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Kobeissy Hussein
Published: October 2022

Alternative migration, such as migration for love and kinship, is an understudied pattern of migration that has recently gained some attention within the literature. In parallel, the interplay between ICT and transnationalism seems to be a pivotal factor for the formation of virtual communities and online ties. Through deploying an online micro-ethnography and a/synchronous text interviews within an ICT medium, this thesis has explored the potential of alternative migration processes as well as their hindrances within an MMORPG. To scrutinize the role of the MMORPG as an inaugural site for migration, this thesis has investigated the formation, cessation and evolution of online ties within the game into something meaningful enough to warrant physical mobility. The thesis has found that transient virtual migrations and/or visits are key components for the subsequent success of long-term patterns of migration. In addition, it has found that the hindrances faced by alternative migrants may assume an intersectional design, which may further exacerbate the potential for migration.
Under My Vine. (2022)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Sleiman Hucen
Published: October 2022

This research is a study of the links that connect habitus, memory, culture to architecture, and the role that plays the latter in constructing and preserving a sense of belonging and identity. The migratory course, from its beginning, through its journey, to the process of resettlements, is used to establish the significant part that the built environment and architecture have in defining who persons are, what they expect, and where they belong. The habitus theory of Pierre Bourdieu is used as the main framework to explain how the predispositions of any individual are culturally and socially constructed. The research argues that the habitus, with memories of places and culture, enter in defining and constructing deep connections with a built environment and its architecture, which start to form a sense of belonging to a particular context. This thesis presents a comprehensive outline to issues related to identity construction, with an emphasis on memory, culture, place, and migration, and the importance of the built environment and architecture in this construction. The ephemeral aspect of identity, which recreates itself constantly, changing and altering its definition, due to external conditions, such as migration, is studied in this research. A significant focus is put on feelings of loss and alienation, also of nostalgia, that result from the process of migration, which is represented as a detachment from the known and familiar context, especially in the process of re-territorialization in new surroundings. This research, through an exploration of the central role that architecture plays in identity construction in the context of migration, maintains that a strong link exists between habitus, memory, culture, and architecture, which is essential in determining individuals’ expectations and their self-image. Finally, the outcome of this research is used to construct a critique of the architectural discipline that fails to be more socially responsive, especially when it comes to questions related to belonging and identity.