bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consider hospice in end‐stage liver disease prognostic scale to open discussions regarding six‐month mortality
Authors: Brown Cristal , Aksan Nazan , Muir Andrew Joseph
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim

Hospice is underutilized in the management of patients with end‐stage liver disease and may improve the patient experience at the end of life. This study aims to create a novel prognostic scale to accurately predict 6‐month mortality to more comprehensively facilitate hospice referral.

Methods

Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables associated with mortality from the United Network for Organ Sharing database were tested in univariate analysis followed by multivariate analyses with four predictor groups: Demographics, Diagnoses, Complexities, and Laboratory studies to develop the hospice in end‐stage liver disease prognostic scale (HELP) scale (70% sample, N = 13 516) followed with replication in a 30% (N = 5792) internal validation sample.

Results

Only the predictor groups of Complexities and Laboratory studies met the c‐statistic threshold of 0.70 for inclusion in the multivariate analyses. Backward elimination in the final logistic regression and validated weighted transformation procedure resulted in: HELP scale = (functional status × 11) + (ascites × 3) + (SBP × 3) + (HE × 4) + (dialysis × 5) + (TIPS × −3) + (albumin × −3) + (MELD‐Na ≥ 21 × 20). HELP scale had a strong predictive value for six‐month mortality with Area under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC) 0.816 and replicated in the validation sample.

Conclusion

HELP scale is a novel prognostic score utilizing the strength of model of end‐stage liver disease‐sodium (MELD‐Na), along with clinical factors, for a more nuanced assessment of six‐month mortality. This scale can provide an individualized approach in opening discussions of hospice referral and may be better accepted by patients and providers given its contextualization of important clinical factors.
Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia is safe but poses challenges for long‐term maintenance of molecular remission: Results of the Auto‐Ph17 study
Authors: Nishiwaki Satoshi , Sugiura Isamu , Sato Takahiko , Kobayashi Miki , Osaki Masahide , Sawa Masashi , Adachi Yoshitaka , Okabe Motohito , Saito Shigeki , Morishita Takanobu , Kohno Akio , Nishiyama Takahiro , Iida Hiroatsu , Kurahashi Shingo , Kuwatsuka Yachiyo , Sugiyama Daisuke , Ito Sachiko , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Kiyoi Hitoshi
Published: March 2023

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is not a standard treatment option for Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL); however, its position has been reassessed since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We prospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of autologous peripheral blood SCT (auto‐PBSCT) for Ph+ALL patients aged between 55 and 70 years who had achieved complete molecular remission. Melphalan, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and dexamethasone were used for conditioning. A total of 12 courses of maintenance therapy, including dasatinib, were performed. The required number of CD34+ cells was harvested in all five patients. No patient died within 100 days after auto‐PBSCT, and no unexpected serious adverse events were observed. Although 1‐year event‐free survival was 100%, hematological relapse was observed in three patients at a median of 801 days (range, 389–1088 days) after auto‐PBSCT. Molecular progressive disease was observed in the other two patients, although they maintained their first hematological remission at the last visit. Auto‐PBSCT can be safely performed for Ph+ALL with TKIs. A limitation of auto‐PBSCT was suggested, despite the increase in the intensity of a single treatment. The development of long‐term therapeutic strategies by including new molecular targeted drugs is warranted to maintain long‐term molecular remission.
Simultaneous network reconfiguration and DG allocation in radial distribution networks using arithmetic optimization algorithm
Authors: Dey Indrajit , Roy Provas Kumar
Published: March 2023

This article introduces a newly suggested meta‐heuristic arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) to reorganize the distribution network with the simultaneous distribution of distributed generators (DGs). The algorithm is designed to be flexible with a new approach that employs the scattering behavior of arithmetic operators in mathematics to discover the solution space more proficiently throughout the path of iterations. The usefulness of the AOA is demonstrated on 33‐bus, and 69‐bus radial distribution networks (RDNs) with network reconfiguration (NR) in the presence of DGs. The main objective of NR and effective DG arrangement in RDNs is to truncate the true power loss, reduce the voltage fluctuation, and voltage stability index enlargement. In order to increase the efficacy of the RDN, a multi‐objective function is created in view of active power loss, voltage deviation, and voltage stability index of the system with appropriate strategy without destroying the system restrictions. To illustrate the effectiveness of the RDN, four separate cases of NR and DG employment have been carried out. Four cases namely, base case (case‐1), reconfiguration (case‐2), simultaneous reconfiguration and DG installation with a unity power factor (case‐3), and simultaneous reconfiguration and DG installation with 0.95 lagging power factor (case‐4) are explored. The projected technique gives better results than other renowned methods, namely, fireworks algorithm (FWA), harmony search algorithm (HSA), refined genetic algorithm (RGA), and improved sine‐cosine algorithm (ISCA) strategy in view of 33, 69‐bus RDN at three dissimilar load conditions and its supremacy is confirmed.
The Interplay between Individuals and Teams in Producing Original Work
Authors: Bellard Erwan , Delobbe Nathalie
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the assumption that teams are the basic unit for creativity and innovation in organizations. Through a quasi‐experiment conducted with 548 professionals participating in a training course on management, the study first examines whether individuals opt for intrinsically more creative solutions than groups in a music composition task. Secondly, it explores whether alternating between group and individual music composition has an impact on the originality of the pieces composed. The results show that individuals make more original choices than groups whatever protocol is used, confirming that individuals are better able to think outside of the box, take risks, and demonstrate the divergent thinking necessary for creativity. Moreover, individuals choose less original options when their independent work is preceded by a group composition exercise. Paradoxically, we observe that in all cases, participants are more satisfied with their group production than their individual production. We conclude with some recommendations for developing the most original and satisfactory collective solutions to complex problems.
Superior enhancement of imbibition recovery by novel surfactant mixtures with a large hydrophobic group combined with nanosilica
Authors: Zhang Jian , Huang Bo , Zhao Chunhua , Zhou Wensheng , Guang Yang , Ge Yizhuo , Shi Qiyao , Chen Minggui
Published: March 2023

Low interfacial tension (IFT) drainage and imbibition are effective methods for improving oil recovery from reservoirs that have low levels of oil or are tight (i.e., exhibit low oil permeability). It is critical to prepare a high efficient imbibition formula. In this work, a novel 2,4,6‐tris(1‐phenylethyl)phenoxy polyoxyethylene ether hydroxypropyl sodium sulfonate (TPHS) surfactant was synthesized and evaluated for imbibition. Its structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the interfacial tension (IFT) of the crude oil/0.07% TPHS solution was 0.276 mN/m. When 0.1 wt% TPHS was mixed with 0.2 wt% alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), the IFT was lowered to 6 × 10−2 mN/m. The synergy between nanoparticles (NPs) and TPHS/AOS mixed surfactant was studied by IFT, contact angle on sandstone substrates, zeta potential, and spreading dynamics through microscopic methods. The results show that the surfactant likely adsorbs to the NP surface and that NP addition can help the surfactant desorb crude oil from the glass surface. With the addition of 0.05 wt% SiO2 NPs (SNPs), the imbibition oil recovery rate increased dramatically from 0.32%/h to 0.87%/h. The spontaneous imbibition recovery increased by 4.47% for original oil in place (OOIP). Compared to flooding by TPHS/AOS surfactant solutions, the oil recovery of forced imbibition in the sand‐pack increased by 12.7% OOIP, and the water breakthrough time was delayed by 0.13 pore volumes (PV) when 0.05% SNPs were added. This paper paves the way for enhanced oil recovery in low‐permeability sandstone reservoirs using novel TPHS/AOS surfactants and SNPs.
Effects of time to treatment initiation on outcomes for soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Ryu Jae Hong , Rahman Juma , Deo Shaneel , Flint Michael
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives

Few studies have investigated the effects of time to treatment initiation (TTI) for soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Our objective was to investigate the risk factors for prolonged TTI and the effects of prolonged TTI on local recurrence free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), and disease specific survival (DSS).

Method

Patients diagnosed with high‐grade STS of the extremities and trunk from 2011 to 2020 were included. TTI was grouped into two groups (treatment provided in less than vs. more than or equal to 30 days). Two‐year and 5‐year survival probabilities were calculated for LRFS, DMFS, and DSS. Cox regression and Kruskal–Wallis tests in univariate analysis were conducted to find risk factors affecting TTI and the survival outcomes.

Results

In the univariate analysis, diagnosis in the later 5‐year period of the study, tumor size, and treatment modality were associated with prolonged TTI. TTI ≥30 days was associated with higher DMFS but no association was found with LRFS or DSS. Tumor size, surgical margins, and provision of surgery were associated with DSS.

Conclusion

Despite the delay in treatment for STS patients caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, our study showed TTI of more than 30 days does not negatively impact patients.
Transverse Scattering from Nanodimers Tunable with Generalized Cylindrical Vector Beams
Authors: Li Chenhui , Ouyang Xu , Sun Jialin , Cao Yaoyu , Xu Yi , Kivshar Yuri , Li Xiangping
Published: March 2023

Achieving directional control of optical antennas is critically important for the design of flexible interconnects between free‐space optics and on‐chip photonic circuitry. Here, a new concept of tunable transverse scattering of light from dielectric nanodimer antennas is suggested theoretically and demonstrated experimentally based on a selective excitation of the specific electromagnetic multipoles with the simultaneous suppression of both forward and backward scatterings. Importantly, it is revealed that the direction of the transverse scattering from nanodimers can be steered actively by varying the vectorial properties of the generalized cylindrical beams, and this new functionality in the experiment is demonstrated.
Normalized ground state for the Sobolev critical Schrödinger equation involving Hardy term with combined nonlinearities
Authors: Li Houwang , Zou Wenming
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we study the existence and properties of normalized solutions for the following Sobolev critical Schrödinger equation involving Hardy term:
with prescribed mass
where 2* is the Sobolev critical exponent. For a L2‐subcritical, L2‐critical, or L2‐supercritical perturbation , we prove several existence results of normalized ground state when and non‐existence results when . Furthermore, we also consider the asymptotic behavior of the normalized solutions u as or .
Globally hypoelliptic triangularizable systems of periodic pseudo‐differential operators
Authors: de Ávila Silva Fernando
Published: March 2023

This paper presents an investigation on the global hypoellipticity problem for a class of systems of pseudo‐differential operators on the torus. The approach consists in establishing conditions on the matrix symbol of the system such that it can be transformed into a suitable triangular form involving a nilpotent upper triangular matrix. Hence, the global hypoellipticity is studied by analyzing the behavior of the eigenvalues and their averages.
Analytic twists of GL2×GL2$\rm GL_2\times \rm GL_2$ automorphic forms
Authors: Huang Bingrong , Sun Qingfeng , Zhang Huimin
Published: March 2023

Let f and g be holomorphic or Maass cusp forms for with normalized Fourier coefficients and , respectively. In this paper, we prove nontrivial estimates for the sum
where , , is a large parameter and is some nonlinear real‐valued smooth function. Applications of these estimates include a subconvex bound for the Rankin–Selberg L‐function in the t‐aspect, an improved estimate for a nonlinear exponential twisted sum and the following asymptotic formula for the sum of the Fourier coefficients of certain Eisenstein series
for any .
Transitional Care for Young People with Movement Disorders: Consensus‐Based Recommendations from the MDS Task Force on Pediatrics
Authors: Pringsheim Tamara , Batla Amit , Shalash Ali , Sahu Jitendra Kumar , Cosentino Carlos , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius , Friedman Jennifer , Lin Jean‐Pierre , Mink Jonathan , Munchau Alexander , Munoz Daniela , Nardocci Nardo , Perez‐Dueñas Belen , Sardar Zomer , Triki Chahnez , Ben‐Pazi Hilla , Silveira‐Moriyama Laura , Troncoso‐Schifferli Monica , Hoshino Kyoko , Dale Russell C. , Fung Victor S.C. , Kurian Manju A. , Roze Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Background

The International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society (MDS) set up a working group on pediatric movement disorders (MDS Task Force on Pediatrics) to generate recommendations to guide the transition process from pediatrics to adult health care systems in patients with childhood‐onset movement disorders.

Methods

To develop recommendations for transitional care for childhood onset movement disorders, we used a formal consensus development process, using a multi‐round, web‐based Delphi survey. The Delphi survey was based on the results of the scoping review of the literature and the results of a survey of MDS members on transition practices. Through iterative discussions, we generated the recommendations included in the survey. The MDS Task Force on Pediatrics were the voting members for the Delphi survey. The task force members comprise 23 child and adult neurologists with expertise in the field of movement disorders and from all regions of the world.

Results

Fifteen recommendations divided across four different areas were made pertaining to: (1) team composition and structure, (2) planning and readiness, (3) goals of care, and (4) administration and research. All recommendations achieved consensus with a median score of 7 or greater.

Conclusion

Recommendations on providing transitional care for patients with childhood onset movement disorders are provided. Nevertheless several challenges remain in the implementation of these recommendations, related to health infrastructure and the distribution of health resources, and the availability of knowledgeable and interested practitioners. Research on the influence of transitional care programs on outcomes in childhood onset movement disorders is much needed.
A radiofrequency coil for infants and toddlers
Authors: Gilbert Kyle M. , Nichols Emily S. , Gati Joseph S. , Duerden Emma G.
Published: March 2023

Infants and toddlers are a challenging population upon which to perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, both in research and clinical settings. Because of the large range in head size during the early years of development, paediatric neuro‐MRI requires a radiofrequency (RF) coil, or set of coils, that is tailored to head size to provide the highest image quality. Mitigating techniques must also be employed to reduce and correct for subject motion. This manuscript describes an RF coil with a tailored mechanical–electrical design that can adapt to the head size of 3‐month‐old infants to 3‐year‐old toddlers. The RF coil was designed with tight‐fitting coil elements to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in comparison with commercially available adult head coils, while simultaneously aiding in immobilization. The coil was designed without visual obstruction to facilitate an unimpeded view of the child's face and the potential application of camera or motion‐tracking systems. Despite the lack of elements over the face, the paediatric coil produced higher SNR over most of the brain compared with adult coils, including more than twofold in the periphery. Acceleration rates of fourfold in each Cartesian direction could be achieved. High SNR allowed for short acquisition times through accelerated imaging protocols and reduced the probability of motion during a scan. Modification of the acquisition protocol, with immobilization of the head through the adjustable coil geometry, and subsequently being combined with a motion‐tracking system, provides a compelling platform for scanning paediatric populations without sedation and with improved image quality.
Factors influencing non‐compliance with standards for medical male circumcision in Lesotho
Authors: Nts'upa Mamokete , Mpeli Moliehi R. , Hugo‐van Dyk Lizemari
Published: March 2023

Aim

Medical male circumcision (MMC) standards are critical in promoting clients’ safety and quality care. The aim is to report on factors that influence non‐compliance with standards for MMC in the Lesotho context.

Design

A qualitative, explorative, descriptive research design was used.

Method

Four focus group interviews were held with 19 purposively selected registered nurses providing routine MMC for one year or more.

Results

Three themes emerged namely: knowledge of quality standards, barriers to compliance, and perceived enabling working environment. Findings highlight barriers such as infrastructure, the high targets that are set for programmes, and societal and cultural issues. Fatigue and burnout were prevalent among MMC providers due to workload. These providers stated carelessness in their work was brought on by overconfidence in their skills, leading to poor compliance with quality standards.

Public contribution

Implementing public health interventions in a clinical setting requires careful planning to respond to epidemics.
Impact of fiber‐type and autoclave‐treatment at different temperatures on the mechanical properties and interface performance of various fiber‐reinforced 3D‐printed composites
Authors: Ali Zeeshan , Yan Yuekai , Mei Hui , Cheng Laifei , Zhang Litong
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the impact of fiber type printed into various composites and autoclave treatment at different temperatures on the mechanical properties of aramid, glass, and carbon fiber reinforced additively manufactured composites. In addition, microstructure and interface performance concerning fiber type and autoclave treatment at different temperatures were also investigated. Fiber type results specified that carbon fiber reinforced composite offered higher tensile strength and Young's modulus of 231.84 MPa and 9.94 GPa as compared to glass, aramid and chopped fiber reinforced composites owing to the presence of stronger interface bonds. Autoclave treatment outcomes at 180°C indicated that carbon fiber reinforced composite exhibited the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus of 287.48 MPa and 12.53 GPa compared to glass, aramid and non‐autoclave composites due to denser structure accomplishment with minimal porosity. Micrographs regarding fiber type revealed that carbon fiber reinforced composites formed good interface bonding compared to glass, aramid and chopped fiber reinforced composites owing to rarer voids. Micrographs of autoclave treatment confirmed that cavities were removed due to improved wettability of matrix to fiber bundles at 180°C and strongest interface bonds were formed. Results demonstrated that autoclave treatment notably achieved optimum mechanical properties with improved strength and higher performance.
Management of noncytotoxic extravasation injuries: A focused update on medications, treatment strategies, and peripheral administration of vasopressors and hypertonic saline
Authors: Stefanos Sylvia S. , Kiser Tyree H. , MacLaren Robert , Mueller Scott W. , Reynolds Paul M.
Published: March 2023

Extravasation is the leakage of intravenous solutions into surrounding tissues, which can be influenced by drug properties, infusion techniques, and patient‐related risk factors. Although peripheral administration of vesicants may increase the risk of extravasation injuries, the time and resources required for central venous catheter placement may delay administration of time‐sensitive therapies. Recent literature gathered from the growing use of peripheral vasopressors and hypertonic sodium suggests low risk of harm for initiating these emergent therapies peripherally, which may prevent delays and improve patient outcomes. Physiochemical causes of tissue injury include vasoconstriction, pH‐mediated, osmolar‐mediated, and cytotoxic mechanisms of extravasation injuries. Acidic agents, such as promethazine, amiodarone, and vancomycin, may cause edema, sloughing, and necrosis secondary to cellular desiccation. Alternatively, basic agents, such as phenytoin and acyclovir, may be more caustic due to deeper tissue penetration of the dissociated hydroxide ions. Osmotically active agents cause cellular damage as a result of osmotic shifts across cellular membranes in addition to agent‐specific toxicities, such as calcium‐induced vasoconstriction and calcifications or arginine‐induced leakage of potassium causing apoptosis. A new category has been proposed to identify absorption‐refractory mechanisms of injury in which agents such as propofol and lipids may persist in the extravasated space and cause necrosis or compartment syndrome. Pharmacological antidotes may be useful in select extravasations but requires prompt recognition and frequently complex administration strategies. Historically, intradermal phentolamine has been the preferred agent for vasopressor extravasations, but frequent supply shortages have led to the emergence of terbutaline, a β2‐agonist, as an acceptable alternative treatment option. For hyperosmolar and pH‐related mechanisms of injuries, hyaluronidase is most commonly used to facilitate absorption and dispersion of injected agents. However, extravasation management is largely supportive and requires a protocolized multidisciplinary approach for early detection, treatment, and timely surgical referral when required to minimize adverse events.
CRMSNet: A deep learning model that uses convolution and residual multi‐head self‐attention block to predict RBPs for RNA sequence
Authors: Pan Zhengsen , Zhou Shusen , Zou Hailin , Liu Chanjuan , Zang Mujun , Liu Tong , Wang Qingjun
Published: March 2023

RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) play significant roles in many biological life activities, many algorithms and tools are proposed to predict RBPs for researching biological mechanisms of RNA‐protein binding sites. Deep learning algorithms based on traditional machine learning get better result for predicting RBPs. Recently, deep learning method fused with attention mechanism has attracted huge attention in many fields and gets competitive result. Thus, attention mechanism module may also improve model performance for predicting RNA‐protein binding sites. In this study, we propose convolutional residual multi‐head self‐attention network (CRMSNet) that combines convolutional neural network (CNN), ResNet, and multi‐head self‐attention blocks to find RBPs for RNA sequence. First, CRMSNet incorporates convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and multi‐head self‐attention block. Second, CRMSNet can draw binding motif pictures from the convolutional layer parameters. Third, attention mechanism module combines the local and global RNA sequence information for capturing long sequence feature. CRMSNet gets competitive AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve) result in a large‐scale dataset RBP‐24. And CRMSNet experiment result is also compared with other state‐of‐the‐art methods. The source code of our proposed CRMSNet method can be found in https://github.com/biomg/CRMSNet.
Nonanal, a new fall armyworm sex pheromone component, significantly increases the efficacy of pheromone lures
Authors: Saveer Ahmed M. , Hatano Eduardo , Wada‐Katsumata Ayako , Meagher Robert L. , Schal Coby
Published: March 2023

Background

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a global pest that feeds on >350 plant species and severely limits production of cultivated grasses, vegetable crops and cotton. An efficient way to detect new invasions at early stages, and monitor and quantify the status of established infestations of this pest is to deploy traps baited with species‐specific synthetic sex pheromone lures.

Results

We re‐examined the compounds in the sex pheromone glands of FAW females by gas chromatography‐electroantennogram detector (GC‐EAD), GC–mass spectrometry (MS), behavioral and field assays. A new bioactive compound from pheromone gland extracts was detected in low amounts (3.0% relative to (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z9‐14:OAc), the main pheromone component), and identified as nonanal. This aldehyde significantly increased attraction of male moths to a mix of Z9‐14:OAc and (Z)‐7‐dodecenyl acetate in olfactometer assays. Adding nonanal to this two‐component mix also doubled male trap catches relative to the two‐component mix alone in cotton fields, whereas nonanal alone did not attract any moths. The addition of nonanal to each of three commercial pheromone lures also increased male catches by 53–135% in sorghum and cotton fields.

Conclusion

The addition of nonanal to pheromone lures should improve surveillance, monitoring and control of FAW populations. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Toughness Amplification via Controlled Nanostructure in Lightweight Nano‐Bouligand Materials
Authors: Patel Zainab S. , Meza Lucas R.
Published: March 2023

The enhanced properties of nanomaterials make them attractive for advanced high‐performance materials, but their role in promoting toughness has been unclear. Fabrication challenges often prevent the proper organization of nanomaterial constituents, and inadequate testing methods have led to a poor knowledge of toughness at small scales. In this work, the individual roles of nanomaterials and nanoarchitecture on toughness are quantified by creating lightweight materials made from helicoidal polymeric nanofibers (nano‐Bouligand). Unidirectional ( = 0°) and nano‐Bouligand beams ( = 2°–90°) are fabricated using two‐photon lithography and are designed in a micro‐single edge notch bend (µ‐SENB) configuration with relative densities between 48% and 81%. Experiments demonstrate two unique toughening mechanisms. First, size‐enhanced ductility of nanoconfined polymer fibers increases specific fracture energy by 70% in the 0° unidirectional beams. Second, nanoscale stiffness heterogeneity created via inter‐layer fiber twisting impedes crack growth and improves absolute fracture energy dissipation by 48% in high‐density nano‐Bouligand materials. This demonstration of size‐enhanced ductility and nanoscale heterogeneity as coexisting toughening mechanisms reveals the capacity for nanoengineered materials to greatly improve mechanical resilience in a new generation of advanced materials.
Influences of Partial Destruction of Ti‐MOFs on Photo(electro)catalytic H2 Evolution by Dominating Role of Charge Carrier Trapping over Surface Area
Authors: Hossain Aslam , Meera M. S. , Mukhanova E. A. , Soldatov A. V. , Henaish A. M. A. , Ahmed Jahangeer , Mao Yuanbing , Shibli S. M. A.
Published: March 2023

The design of water‐stable photo and electrocatalysts of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for its promising catalytic applications at long‐term irradiations or persisted current loads is extremely necessary but still remains as challenging. A limited number of reports on Ti‐MOF‐based catalysts for water splitting are only available to explain and understand the correlation between the nature of materials and MOFs array. Herein, spherical Ti‐MOFs and corresponding partially annealed hollow core–shell Ti‐MOFs (Ti‐MOF/D) are designed and the correlation with their photo(electro)catalytic water splitting performance is evaluated. The switchable valence state of Ti for the Ti‐MOF as a function of molecular bonding is the possible reason behind the observed photocatalytic hydrogen generation and light‐harvesting ability of the system. Besides, the defect state, solid core–shell mesoporous structure, and active sites of Ti‐MOF help to trap the charge carriers and the reduction of the recombination process. This phenomenon is absent for hollow core–shells Ti‐MOF/D spheres due to the rigid TiO2 outer surface although there is a contradiction in surface area with Ti‐MOF. Considering the diversity of Ti‐MOF and Ti‐MOF/D, further novel research can be designed using this way to manipulate their properties as per the requirements.
Magnetic photonic crystals for biomedical applications
Authors: Chen Hanxu , Li Ning , Gu Zhuxiao , Gu Hongcheng , Wang Jinglin
Published: March 2023

Magnetic photonic crystals (PhCs), as a representative responsive structural color material, have attracted increasing research focus due to merits such as brilliant refraction colors, instant responsiveness, and excellent manipuility, thus having been widely applied for color displaying, three‐dimensional printing, sensing, and so on. Featured with traits such as contactless manner, flexible orientations, and adjustable intensity of external magnetism, magnetic PhCs have shown great superiority especially in the field of biomedical applications such as bioimaging and auxiliary clinical diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the current advancements of magnetic PhCs. We first introduce the fundamental principles and typical characteristics of PhCs. Afterward, we present several typical self‐assembly strategies with their frontiers in practical applications. Finally, we analyze the current situations of magnetic PhCs and put forward the prospective challenges and future development directions.
Experimental investigation on the use of Fabric‐Reinforced Cementitious Mortars for the retrofitting of reinforced concrete dapped‐end beams
Authors: Flores Ferreira Katherina , Rampini Marco Carlo , Zani Giulio , Colombo Matteo , di Prisco Marco
Published: March 2023

The structural performance and durability of reinforced concrete (RC) dapped‐end beams may be significantly threated by the effects of deterioration and environmental actions, compromising the structural robustness of important infrastructures such as bridges. The study of the critical role of dapped‐ends has grown in recent years, focusing in particular on the implementation of innovative retrofit solutions capable of extending the service life of these structural elements. In this paper, an experimental investigation on the contribution of Fabric‐Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) retrofitting system to the load bearing capacity of RC dapped‐end beams is presented. A set of eight full‐scale dapped‐ends was subjected to monotonic loading tests. The presence of cracks prior to the application of the retrofitting composite, which may represent the actual state of conservation of existing RC half‐joints subjected to heavy traffic loads, is reproduced by testing the specimens up to the reaching of the ultimate design load. Different orientations of the alkali‐resistant glass fabric composing the FRCM system were tested, and the results allow to discuss the effectiveness of the retrofitting solution.
Seismic design and engineering practice of 10‐story shear wall structure with replaceable viscoelastic coupling beams
Authors: Zhou Ying , Liu Xiaofang , Xiao Yi , Wu Hao , Wang Meng
Published: March 2023

Structures with replaceable energy‐dissipating elements are attractive systems for improving building resilience. Damage in these structures is mainly limited to dissipating elements, which can be replaced after earthquakes. Among the energy‐dissipating elements, viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) can dissipate energy even under small deformations while providing stable fatigue performances, which benefits high‐rise buildings in resisting both wind and earthquake loadings. This paper presents the seismic design of an engineering practice of a 10‐story shear wall building with replaceable viscoelastic coupling beams. A new type of viscoelastic material that has negligible frequency dependency is adopted to provide stable constraint for the wall piers. The design details, including VEDs, nonreplaceable segment, and the detachable connection, are exemplified. The numerical model of the replaceable structure is established and analyzed under dynamic loadings. Results confirm that the implementation of replaceable viscoelastic coupling beams improves structural seismic performance. The plastic rotation at the end of the coupling beam is significantly reduced up to 41.4% compared with the traditional coupled shear wall structure.
ARIA in patients treated with lecanemab (BAN2401) in a phase 2 study in early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Honig Lawrence S. , Barakos Jerome , Dhadda Shobha , Kanekiyo Michio , Reyderman Larisa , Irizarry Michael , Kramer Lynn D. , Swanson Chad J. , Sabbagh Marwan
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION

Lecanemab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody that preferentially targets soluble aggregated Aβ species (protofibrils) with activity at amyloid plaques. Amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) profiles appear to differ for various anti‐amyloid antibodies. Here, we present ARIA data from a large phase 2 lecanemab trial (Study 201) in early Alzheimer's disease.

METHODS

Study 201 trial was double‐blind, placebo‐controlled (core) with an open‐label extension (OLE). Observed ARIA events were summarized and modeled via Kaplan‐Meier graphs. An exposure response model was developed.

RESULTS

In the phase 2 core and OLE, there was a low incidence of ARIA‐E (<10%), with <3% symptomatic cases. ARIA‐E was generally asymptomatic, mild‐to‐moderate in severity, and occurred early (<3 months). ARIA‐E was correlated with maximum lecanemab serum concentration and incidence was higher in apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) homozygous carriers. ARIA‐H and ARIA‐E occurred with similar frequency in core and OLE.

DISCUSSION

Lecanemab can be administered without titration with modest incidence of ARIA.
Recent advancements in combining MOFs and natural compounds for cancer therapy
Authors: Chen Bingquan , Zhang Ling , Jiang Ke
Published: March 2023

In addition to drugs, natural compounds such as functional food factors have demonstrated great potential for cancer therapy due to their low cost, mild side effects, and common raw materials. However, their short half‐life period, easy decomposition, and lack of targeting severely limit their further development. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new type of porous crystalline materials that are created by combining metal clusters and organic linkers. MOFs have enormous applications, particularly in the biomedical field, due to their ability for pre‐functional design and post‐functional modification. In this mini‐review, we summarize recent research progress on combining MOFs with natural compounds for anti‐cancer performance, which will provide new insights for future research in the biomedical field.
Completing RHINO
Authors: Di Bari Pasquale , Murphy Adam
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The right-handed (RH) Higgs-induced neutrino mixing (RHINO) model explains neutrino masses and origin of matter in the universe within a unified picture. The mixing, effectively described by a dimension five operator, is responsible both for the production of dark neutrinos, converting a small fraction of seesaw neutrinos acting as source, and for their decays. We show that including the production of source neutrinos from Higgs portal interactions, their abundance can thermalise prior to the onset of source-dark neutrino oscillations, resulting into an enhanced production of dark neutrinos that thus can play the role of decaying dark matter (DM) for a much higher seesaw scale. This can be above the sphaleron freeze-out temperature and as high as ~ 100 TeV, so that strong thermal resonant leptogenesis for the generation of the matter-antimatter asymmetry is viable. We obtain a ~ 1 TeV–1 PeV allowed dark neutrino mass range. Intriguingly, their decays can also explain a neutrino flux excess at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100 TeV) energies recently confirmed by the IceCube collaboration analysing 7.5 yr HESE data. Our results also point to an effective scale for Higgs portal interactions nicely identifiable with the grandunified scale and many orders of magnitude below the effective scale for the mixing. We explain this hierarchy in a UV-complete model with a very heavy fermion as mediator: the first scale corresponds to the fundamental scale of new physics, while the second is much higher because of a very small coupling that can be identified with a symmetry breaking parameter. Therefore, RHINO realises a simple unified model of neutrino masses and origin of matter in the universe currently under scrutiny at neutrino telescopes and potentially embeddable within a grandunified model.
Gravitational spin-orbit Hamiltonian at NNNLO in the post-Newtonian framework
Authors: Mandal Manoj K. , Mastrolia Pierpaolo , Patil Raj , Steinhoff Jan
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We present the result of the spin-orbit interaction Hamiltonian for binary systems of rotating compact objects with generic spins, up to N3LO corrections within the post-Newtonian expansion. The calculation is performed by employing the effective field theory diagrammatic approach, and it involves Feynman integrals up to three loops, evaluated within the dimensional regularization scheme. We apply canonical transformations to eliminate the non-physical divergences and spurious logarithmic behaviours of the Hamiltonian, and use the latter to derive the gauge-invariant binding energy and the scattering angle, in special kinematic regimes.
Osteoid osteoma in the bones of the hand: a systematic literature review
Authors: Meyer Jasmin , Rolvien Tim , Reiter Alonja , Priemel Matthias , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Krukenberg Anna , Yarar-Schlickewei Sinef
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a common benign bone tumor. OO is observed most frequently in the long bones, especially in the tibia and femur. When occurring in the bones of the hand, OO can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review of occurrence, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options regarding OO in hand bones.

Materials and methods

We performed a systematic review of the literature. All studies from the online databases PubMed and SpringerLink, which reported cases of osteoid osteomas in the bones of the hand, were included. By summarizing the literature, we evaluated the localization within the hand as well as diagnostic and therapeutic options.

Results

We included 133 studies reporting 401 cases. OO was mostly common in the phalanges. The diagnosis was mostly made by CT (computed tomography) scan. Most of the OO were treated surgically by open curettage or en bloc resection.

Conclusions

Osteoid osteomas in the bones of the hand are rare and a delayed diagnosis is common. In cases of pain combined with particular symptoms such as nail hypertrophy and swelling OO should be considered. Of the most used imaging methods, CT scans have the highest sensitivity.
Evaluation of a low speed stage coupling with regard to structure-borne sound propagation in a wind turbine
Authors: Cardaun Martin , Schünemann Wilhelm , Schelenz Ralf , Kari Alexander , Lange Stephan , Sigle Christof
Published: March 2023

Due to recent advances in the field of broadband aerodynamic noise, tonalities of wind turbines (WT) are increasingly coming into focus in the wind industry. In this case, the structure is excited inside the drivetrain and the structure-borne sound propagates through the machinery and ultimately to the surfaces of the WT, where it is radiated into the ambient air. Since any tonalities are a system characteristic, they should be considered at an early stage of product development. On the one hand, great efforts are being made to develop ever lower-toned drivetrains. On the other hand, tonalities can efficiently be neutralised by systematically decoupling the excitations in the drivetrain from the sound-emitting surfaces of the wind turbine. In addition to the well-studied behaviour regarding the decoupling of non-torque rotor loads from the drivetrain, in this paper the influence of a low speed stage (LSS) coupling on the structure-borne sound propagation inside of an integrated drivetrain is investigated. In a previous study at the Center for Wind Power Drives, it could be shown that in an integrated drivetrain, the transfer paths through the main shaft and subsequently the main bearing becomes the dominant transfer path. This is in contrast to classic bearing configurations where the torque arms of the gearbox are the dominant transfer paths of excitations from the gearbox, revealing an increased potential of LSS Couplings especially for integrated drivetrains. Detailed numerical investigations are performed in order to understand and quantify the usage of a LSS coupling for lowering sound power levels of a WT.
Influence of drivetrain efficiency determination on the torque control of wind turbines
Authors: Zweiffel M. , Jacobs G. , Song Z. , Weidinger P. , Decker T. , Röder J. , Bosse D.
Published: March 2023

Decreasing the levelized cost of energy is a major design objective for wind turbines. Accordingly, the control is generally optimized to achieve a high energy production and a high-power coefficient. In partial load range, speed and torque are controlled via the generator torque but the rotor torque determines the power coefficient of the turbine. High uncertainties for the uncalibrated low-speed shaft torque measurement and varying drivetrain efficiencies which depend on the speed, load and temperature lead to a torque control error that reduces the power coefficient of the wind turbine. In this paper the rotor torque control error and the impact on the power coefficient of wind turbines is quantified. For this purpose, the variation of drivetrain efficiency is analyzed. An efficiency model for the wind turbine drivetrain is build and validated on the test bench. Then, the influence of the drivetrain speed, torque loads, non-torque loads, and temperature on the efficiency is quantified. Finally, the influence of the rotor torque control error on the power coefficient was simulated with an aerodynamic model. The results show that of all examined influences only torque and temperature significantly impacting the efficiency leading to rotor torque control errors that reduce the power coefficient and consequently increase the levelized cost of energy. Improved efficiency measurement on WT test benches or drivetrain efficiency modelling can reduce the rotor torque control error and therefore decrease the LCOE.
Comparison of transfer path characteristics for different wind turbine drivetrain variations
Authors: Schünemann Wilhelm , Schelenz Ralf , Jacobs Georg
Published: March 2023

To reduce acoustic emissions of a wind turbine (WT), the source of the vibrations (e.g. blades, gearbox), the emitting surfaces (e.g. blades, tower, nacelle cover) and the transmission between the source and surface have to be studied. The focus of this paper lies on a method to identify relevant transfer paths between the WT drivetrain and the sound-emitting surfaces and their respective contribution. The identified transfer paths can be used to improve turbine acoustics, especially by identifying problematic transmission areas.

This paper will cover the application of transfer path analysis methods for different wind turbine drivetrains. The method will be applied to an MBS model of a 3 MW turbine. Different Bearing arrangements of the drivetrain and their influence on the Transfer path are compared. With the result of the TPA, developers will be able to determine critical contributions to the tonal behavior of the turbine and optimize either the transfer characteristics or the excitation specifically responsible for tonal behavior. The methods described can be applied to field measurement as well as an MBS-Model of the turbine to be able to optimize transfer characteristics during development.
An investigation into the transferability of dynamic elastomer dampers’ properties between different damper sizes using FEM
Authors: Rapp Tobias , Jacobs Georg , Berroth Joerg , Kleinewegen Stefan
Published: March 2023

Elastomer dampers are used in drive systems to systematically adjust the systems’ vibration behavior. Selecting the right damper therefore requires model-based prediction of the system’s vibrations. Modelling elastomer dampers in the system context involves a high degree of complexity, since non-linear material effects in elastomers, such as the dependence of material properties on loading speed and history, make it difficult to predict the material behavior. This complexity hinders the model parameters of elastomer dampers to be determined from physical parameters such as material composition and geometric quantities. Instead, abstract models must be used that represent the material behavior phenomenologically and that are parameterized via experimental investigations on each individual damper. The diversity of variants as well as customly produced dampers mean that manufacturers and industrial applicators of elastomer dampers are confronted with disproportionately large numbers of required experiments.

The aim of this work is to reduce the number of required experiments by inferring the behavior of various different elastomer dampers from experiments on a single damper. For this purpose, it is assumed that separating the influence of the damper’s geometry and the influence of the material is possible, while the geometries’ influence can be predicted by abstracting parts of the phenomenological model via a simple FE model. The method is exemplarily demonstrated by predicting the transmission behavior of two torsional loaded elastomer couplings from experiments on a test specimen. The method is validated by comparing predicted and measured dynamic stiffness of the investigated couplings.