bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE AMPLITUDE-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCELERATION OF THE SUSPENSION OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE
Authors: Akhatov Semyat , Malik Arman , Zholdas Berik
Published: April 2022

Over the last years in Kazakhstan the problem of passenger transport, concerning the moral depreciation of passenger cars, 40% of which are being used for more than 30 years, has blown up. Therefore, the road administration had to obtain the rolling-stock of light-weight type, such as “Tolgo Pendular” firm (Spain).
Currently, the pilot runs of “Tolgo” designed for high-speed traffic along the normal railway between Almaty and Nur-Sultan, are carried out. At the same lime, the construction of cars of a new type gives rise for a number of questions.
Development of a mathematical model of a current converter with nonlinear magnetic resistance
Authors: Sattarov Khurshid , Safarov Abdurauf
Published: April 2022

A mathematical model of a current converter with nonlinear magnetic resistance has been developed, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the analytical calculation of magnetic circuits, taking into account the relationship between the specific magnetic resistance and magnetic induction. Methods for solving differential equations of magnetic circuits of a current converter with longitudinally distributed parameters are applied. An expression is obtained for the dependence of the specific magnetic resistance on magnetic induction.
The use of solar energy in railway transport in Uzbekistan
Authors: Jurayeva Kamila , Iksar Elena , Nazirova Zamira
Published: April 2022

Energy is of great importance for economic Uzbekistan. The development of renewable energy will ensure environmental safety and energy independence. In developed countries, much attention is paid to the development of systems based on renewable energy sources. To solve the energy problems of railway transport, it is necessary to develop solar energy. Solar energy can compete with the energy produced at power plants by the traditional method.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS OF COWS IN THE DRY AND EARLY POSTPARTUM PERIODS WHEN USING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS
Authors: Skorikov V.N. , Mikhalev V.I. , Sashnina L.Yu. , Chusova G.G. , Ermolova T.G.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of morphological, biochemical and immunological studies of the blood of cows using biologically active drugs. A double administration of aminoseleferon-b 45 and 15 days before calving at a dose of 5 ml with a 24-hour interval helps reduce the processes of lipid and protein peroxidation, the phenomena of endogenous intoxication with a simultaneous increase in humoral and cellular defense, activation of the antioxidant system. This is manifested by a decrease in the incidence of uterine subinvolution – by 1.3-1.6 times and postpartum endometritis - by 1.6-2.0 times.
METHODS AND CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ANESTHESIA IN RABBITS USING VARIOUS GROUPS OF DRUGS
Authors: Zhurba V.A. , Kovalenko A.E. , Kavaliou I.A.
Published: April 2022

The use of various ways and methods of general narcosis (anaesthesia) for surgical operations in animals, ensures a successful course and result, only with the proper selection of drugs and methods of their administration. When anaesthetizing rabbits, as well as other fur animals and rodents it is necessary to have knowledge on physiology, properties of anatomical structure of the respiratory tract in order to select ways and methods of administration.
Our studies have found that one of the best ways of anaesthesia for rabbits is inhalation anesthesia, especially with a combination of components complementing each other.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMPLEX METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF MASTITIS IN COWS USING THE DRUG "AMSF"
Authors: Zimnikov V.I. , Klimov N.Т. , Pavlenko O.B. , Cheskidova L.V. , Manzhurina O.A. , Tyurina E.V.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of using the drug "AMSF" in combination with an-timicrobial therapy of catarrhal and purulent-catarrhal mastitis of cows. It was found that the introduction of "AMSF" into the treatment regimen increased the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy by 10.9-16.1%, reduced the number of bacterial carriers by 3.3 times and the content of somatic cells - by 31.4%, compared to the control group. The obtained result is a consequence of the stimulating effect of the drug on the nonspecific reactivity of the body and the system of antioxidant protection.
LEVEL OF PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN PIGLETS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES OF BACTERIAL ETIOLOGY
Authors: Mikhailov E.V. , Shabunin B.V. , Vorotnikova S.M. , Stepanov E.M. , Strelnikov N.A. , Prokopova M.A. , Strebkova V.V. , Pasko N.V. , Syromyatnikov M.Y.
Published: April 2022

The study presents the data on the level of expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in piglets with gas-trointestinal diseases of bacterial etiology. The analysis of gene expression showed that the expression levels of IL-1α and IL-10 were significantly increased in sick piglets, while IL-1β lost its activity. During the histological examination, there were no differences between the structure of the intestines of sick and healthy piglets. However, cytological examination: of the samples obtained from sick piglets demonstrated alteration and a decrease in the adhesive barrier in the epithelium of intestinal villi.
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MILK
IN THE JSC "VALISHCHE"
Authors: Bazylev M.V. , Piletsky I.V. , Levkin E.A. , Linkov V.V.
Published: April 2022

The conducted one-factor production experience on optimization of milk production in the JSC "Valishche" of the Pinsky district with the use of innovative approaches in technological solutions of the UDA-24E "Herringbone" milking unit showed that the use of improved high-tech means of production allowed to increase the profitability of the received milk by 5.73 percentage points (from 19.11 to 24.84%).
EFFICIENCY OF USING THE CONCENTRATE OF COMPLEX FODDER KKK-603K IN THE DIETS OF MILK COWS
Authors: Bazylev M.V. , Levkin E.A. , Bukas V.V. , Linkov V.V. , Belyshev D.A.
Published: April 2022

Conducted production studies of the use of the feed complex concentrate KKK-603k in the diets of dairy cows of JSC Komarovka in the Brest region showed high economic efficiency, contributing to the production of more competitive dairy products of the enterprise and improving the rationality in the dairy farming industry.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF THE ADDITIVE "BELASORB" IN FEEDING BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Kapitonova E.A.
Published: April 2022

Belarus has quite large amount of mineral resources which are used in various areas of the national economy. One of such means is the tripoli of the deposit “Stalnoye”. We have organized and carried out production tests of the domestic feed additive of the mycotoxin adsorbent “Belasorb” on poultry. It has been found that the introduction of the adsorbent in the broiler chickens diet in the norm of 2 kg/t of mixed feed contributes to the disclosure of the genetic potential of the “Ross-308” cross and provides an increase in the broilers live weight – by 9.5% and the flock safety – by 2.46 p.p. The slaughter yield of the carcass was 73.17%. The maximum profitability of broiler meat production was recorded in poultry house No. 104 – 8.20%. The European index of the efficiency of broiler meat production increased by 12.4% (+40.01). The above-mentioned achievements fully stimulate the production of poultry products and can contribute to ensuring the country’s food security.
INDICATORS OF MINERAL ELEMENTS CONTENT IN BLOOD AND BONE TISSUE OF BROILER CHICKENS WHEN USING A COMPLEX FEED ADDITIVE
Authors: Kotarev V.I. , Ivanova N.N. , Shipilov V.V.
Published: April 2022

The results of the application of the complex fееd additive "Zaslon 2+" in the diets of broiler chickens of Ross 308 cross are presented. For 38 days, the chickens of the control group received the basic diet, the poultry of the experimental group - the basic diet and the complex feed additive "Zaslon 2+". There was an increase in the content of macro- and microelements in blood and bone tissue of broiler chickens on days 14, 21 and 38 of the study. The components of the fodder additive promoted better digestion and absorption of feed nutrients.
LEVEL OF CD-3 LYMPHOCYTES IN THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OF PIGLETS IN A COMPLEX THERAPY OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES OF BACTERIAL ETIOLOGY
Authors: Vorotnikova S.M. , Shabunin B.V. , Mikhailov E.V. , Stepanov D.S.
Published: April 2022

For the experiment, 3 groups of 40 sick piglets at the age of 5-7 days were selected, in which gastrointestinal tract diseases of mixed bacterial etiology were recorded. The first group was the control one and underwent no treatment. The animals of group 2 were administered intramuscularly the drug "Quinokol". The animals of the third group were administered “Quinokol” in combination with GM-CSF. In the immunе histochemical studies the revealed level of CD-3 positive cells in the mucous membrane in group 3 was found higher than in groups 1 and 2 by 62% and 51%, respectively. This indicates the stimulation of the migration of T cells into the intestine to maintain local immunity.
ECOLOGICAL METHODS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN MEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE POULTRY FARMING
Authors: Kapitonova E.A.
Published: April 2022

This article presents the results of determining the quality indices of broiler chicken meat during production tests. Taking into account the data obtained the most optimal rate for the introduction of “Belasorb” feed additive is 2 kg/t of mixed feed which in meat samples from poultry houses № 104 and № 108 contributes to an increase in the biological value of meat – by 5.6% and 8.3%; the mass fraction of protein – by 0.87 p.p. and 0.9 p.p.; with a decrease in the mass fraction of fat – by 0.72 p.p. and 0.73 p.p. as well as calorie content – by 2.47% and 2.56% respectively.
MONITORING RESULTS OF BIOTIC FODDER RISK FACTORS FOR AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS
IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE
Authors: Bogach N.V. , Selishcheva N.V. , Bohach D.N.
Published: April 2022

The paper provides information on the results of monitoring the presence of biotic and abiotic risk factors that affect the safety of livestock products in the south of Ukraine. It was found that an increase in the number of insect pests contributes to a sharp increase in the number of bacteria and fungi (primarily Aspergіllus). In grain products of the II - III degree of infection by insect pests, a deterioration in sanitary indicators was marked: an increase in the total bacterial contamination by 33.0–74.4%, the titer of BGKP – by 37.7%, the number of microscopic fungi by 85.4–94.8% and the acquisition of a low toxicity.
FREQUENCY OF THE PPARGC1a MARKER GENE IN HORSES OF TRAKEHNER AND HANOVERIAN BREEDS
Authors: Vishnevets A.V. , Budrevich A.L.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of research on the PPARGC1α gene polymorphism (1-α-coactivator of the gamma receptor) in Trakehner and Hanoverian horses. The highest frequency of the C allele of the PPARGC1α gene (0.985 and 0.976) and the PPARGC1αCC genotype (97.96 and 95.24%) was found in Trakehner and Hanoverian horses.
STUDY OF INDICES OF SILAGE CAPACITY AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE GREEN MASS OF EASTERN GALEGA DEPENDING ON THE PHASE OF HARVESTING, MOWING AND DEPTH OF PREWILTING
Authors: Zenkova N.N. , Ganushchenko O.F. , Moiseeva M.O. , Steponenko A.V.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of research on the nutritional value of the green mass from the Eastern galega in the complete cycle (the harvesting phase, mowing, depth of prewilting). The actual level of the fermentation coefficient (Fc) for the freshly cut mass was determined (in all studied variants below 25), which confirms the inevitability of the accumulation of butyric acid in the silo without preliminary wilting. Studies showed that concentration of energy and protein was decreasing as the duration of prewilting grew in comparison with the initial green mass. The optimal parameters (vegetation phase, mowing, DM content) have been established, which ensures the best preservation of nutrients in the process of production of prewilted preserved feeds from the Eastern galega.
INFLUENCE OF CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEIN FEED ON BIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF A BEE FAMILY
Authors: Mishchenko O.A. , Lytvynenko O. M. , Afara K.D. , Kryvoruchko D. I. , Trokoz V.A. , Radchikov V.F.
Published: April 2022

Due to the multilateral influence of the bee pollen pellet on the vital activity and productivity of bee families while ensuring their food provision, the increased attention is being paid to the harvesting of the bee bread and supplementary feeding of bees though providing its collection. The carbohydrate-protein supplementary feeding is the most effective in early spring when the development of bee families is crucial for the preparation for the honey flow. Unlike honey, pollen pellet contains all the essential substances needed for the development and vital activity of bees. The pollen pellet provides bees with lipids, vitamins, mineral and other substances that are not contained or lacking in honey. Bee families can live and fully develop in the active period of the year only due to the constant use of this protein food.
The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the supplementary feeding of the pollen pellet as part of candy, on the biological and productive qualities of the bee family in the period of its low flaw into the nest.
The studies confirm the feasibility of feeding the mixture of carbohydrate food with the bee pollen pellet in early spring. Such supplementary feeding of bees in early spring contributes to obtaining larger sized larvae, which, in its turn, promotes obtaining more full-fledged bees. It also has a positive effect on the amount of the brood grown and on the life expectancy of bees.
The carbohydrate-protein supplementary feeding in spring has a significant impact on the growth of bee families, which allows the development of strong bee families by the time of the honey flow. But this is of importance only at the beginning of the main honey flow, that is, under the conditions of a limited amount of pollen pellet brought into the nest.
We recommend that a part of the pollen pellet be collected with the help of the pollen catchers in the period of its sufficient flow into the bee families, be stored, then used for the preparation of carbohydrate-protein mixtures and then fed to bees.
REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF SIRE BULLS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES IN RUE «VITEBSK BREEDING ENTERPRIZE»
Authors: Pavlova T.V. , Haurychenka M.I. , Patsovskiy I.A. , Filitarin O.A.
Published: April 2022

The influence of the genotype of sire bulls on their reproductive capacity has been studied. It was found that genetic factors affect the reproductive capacity of bulls. So, the highest rates were obtained from the bulls of the P.I. Star 1441440 genealogic line. With an increase in the breediness of the Holstein breed in bulls, the volume of ejaculate reliably increases, the concentration of sperms in the semen and the number of full-fledged spermatozoa in one ejaculate, but fertilizing capacity after the first insemination, on the contrary, decreases. In bulls of the Western European selection, the fertilizing capacity of the sperm is 6.7 -7.0 pp. lower than that of the Belarusian and Russian peers.
EFFICIENCY OF BACTERICIDAL AND FUNGICIDAL PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS SORBING PRODUCTS IN VITRO
Authors: Gotovsky D.G. , Kapitonova E.A. , Yanchanka V.V.
Published: April 2022

Currently, conducting research in the in vitro format is much more humane and less expensive than in vivo, and it is no less informative. The quality of the consumed feed affects the quality of livestock products. To reduce the negative effect of mycotoxins on the body of farm animals a variety of feed additives of mycotoxin adsorbents is used. It has been found that control samples of such sorbing products as an organo-mineral sorbent tripoli, feed additive "Fungistat-GPC" and regulatory complex "Bypass" have bactericidal and fungicidal properties.
A data-driven model for social media fake news detection
Authors: Chen Xin , Fang Shancheng , Mao Zhendong , Zhang Yongdong ,   School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science of Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
Published: April 2022

The rapid development of social media leads to the spread of a large amount of false news, which not only affects people’s daily life but also harms the credibility of social media platforms. Therefore, detecting Chinese fake news is a challenging and meaningful task. However, existing fake news datasets from Chinese social media platforms have a relatively small amount of data and data collection in this field is relatively old, thus being unable to meet the requirements of further research. In consideration of this background, we release a new Chinese Weibo Fake News dataset, which contains 26320 fake news data collected from Weibo. In addition, we propose a fake news detection model based on data augmentation that can effectively solve the problem of a lack of fake news, and we improve the generalization ability and robustness of the model. We conduct numerous experiments on our Chinese Weibo Fake News dataset and successfully deploy the model on the web page. The experimental performance proves the effectiveness of the proposed end-to-end model for detecting fake news on social media platforms.
Formulation and Development of Sustained Release of Cefixime using Floating Oral In Situ Gelling System
Authors: Chaturvedi Preeti , Manigauha Ashish
Published: April 2022

The present study was planned to prepare Gastro-retentive controlled release of floating in situ gel of Cefixime by using sodium alginate and xanthan gum. The six floating in situ gelling formulations (F1 to F6) were evaluated for visual appearance, pH, gelation, viscosity, buoyancy, drug content, water uptake, gel density, gel strength, drug release and stability. The results of above parameters were found to be satisfactorily. The F6 showed drug release for longer time and it was considered a best formation. The F6 were stable at the selected temperature and humidity when stored for 3 months. The findings it was concluded that the prepared sustained release in situ gel of Cefixime might be safe and effective controlled drug delivery for extended period of time.
Effect of Zinc as an Add-On to Metformin Therapy on Glycemic control, Serum Insulin, and C-peptide Levels and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient
Authors: Y. Younis Hend , A. Thanoon Imad , N. Fadhil Nabeel , M. Merkhan Marwan
Published: April 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an insidious disorder that may progress asymptomatically, leading to secondary complications. Diabetics were found to have a significantly lower zinc level. This study aims to assess the effects of zinc supplementation for eight weeks on glycemic control, serum insulin level, serum C-peptide level, and insulin resistance. Zinc plus metformin using group had a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level and glycated hemoglobin, as well as a significant increase in serum insulin and C-peptide levels, but no effect on insulin resistance compared to zinc-free metformin group. Comparing the two groups at the end of the study, the combined effect of zinc plus metformin was highly important versus metformin only except for C-peptide and insulin resistance. Zinc levels were significantly elevated and returned to normal in the interventional group, while in the control group, levels were rather decreased.
Hepato-Protective effect of Betulinic acid and Rotundic acid on Mercuric Chloride Intoxicated Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Revathi Muthaiyan , Jagadeesan Ganesan
Published: April 2022

Mercuric is considered as a highly dangerous, universal environmental toxin and it promotes diverse pathophysiology in many organs appended liver disorders through oxidative stress. Hence, the existing investigation was organized to determine the ameliorative defensive character of betulinic acid and rotundic acid in adult albino male rats hepatotoxicity induced by Mercuric chloride. HgCl2 was given orally for 1.29 mg/kg of body weight of Albino wistar rats for 7 days and betulinic acid and rotundic acid (5mg/kg body weight) was dosed for another 7 days on intoxicated rats. Betulinic acid and rotundic acid treatment significantly improved the defense system through enhancing their enzymatic antioxidant properties [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], glutathione (GSH) level and decreased the elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) content in toxicated rats. Histological alterations of liver tissues induced by HgCl2 were managed by infliction of betulinic acid and rotundic acid. The observed results from the present experiment proposed that betulinic acid and rotundic acid effectively suppress and terminates hepatotoxicity induced through HgCl2 by reliving oxidative stress and liver damage.
Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of an Ayurvedic Ointment against Acute Burn Injury in Wistar Rats
Authors: Sahu Dipsundar , Bora Manajit , Dixit A. K. , Jamadagni Shrirang , Das Manosi , Cheemalapati Narasimhaji , Sinha Barnail , Alam Qadir , Pawar Sharad , Prasad P.V.Vara
Published: April 2022

Skin burn is a common health problem that needs a fast and accurate treatment; else, it can have a worse prognosis. The available treatment options pose limitations due to their adverse effects; thus there is an urgent need to find newer treatment options for burn wound healing that can provide a safer and faster treatment option. Ayurveda gives a plethora of medicinal plants and their formulations which have been used in the management of burn wound. The Ayurvedic ointment formulated in this experiment utilizes essential ayurvedic ingredients which are known for their burn wound healing potential. The current work includes the formulation of the Ayurvedic ointment, its standardization, toxicity and efficacy study. The Ayurvedic ointment was formulated by fusion method, and its physicochemical characterization ensures the purity of the compounds used for the formulation. The ointment formulated is well set under the safety parameters for the presence of heavy metals and also free from microbial and fungal contamination. It has obtained optimum spreadability and viscosity, making it desirable for application on wounds. In the acute dermal toxicity study, it has shown no adverse effect on the animals as there were no significant changes in the body weight and feed intake and water consumption, thus confirming it as a safe formulation. It has shown significant rate of wound healing and period of re-epithelization in the Wistar rat model. It can be a potential ointment for burn wound treatment, and in future, it can be considered for clinical studies to validate its safety and efficacy in humans.
Isolation, structural characterization and anti – inflammatory screening of three compounds from Strychnos colubrina Linn extract
Authors: Francis Preethimol , SR Suseem
Published: April 2022

Plants are the natural wealth of any nation. India is a country rich in medicinal plants. Most of the herbal medicines are the only available therapy for certain diseases; for which there are no alternative synthetic therapies are available, eg; chloroquinine for malaria, digoxin for CHF etc. The side effects of medicinal plants are less compared to synthetic medicines. The plant Strychnos colubrina Linn was widely used by the tribes for the treatment of many diseases like inflammations, chicken pox, tumor etc. The dried powdered plant parts were subjected to successive extractions using, pet. ether, chloroform, methanol and water. The extracts of the plant S.colubrina Linn was subjected to preliminary qualitative and quantitative analysis. Then based on the GC – MS analysis, the chloroform extract was subjected to isolation. Three compounds were identified (two isoflavone: daidzein and 5, 7-dihydroxy- 3- ( 3- hydroxy-4- 3,4,5 trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydro pyran-2-yloxy) phenyl) chromen-4-one) and a phenolic compound (isovanillic acid) The extract was subjected to in vitro anti – inflammatory screening and the isolated compounds were subjected to in vivo anti-inflammatory screening. All the three compounds were showed significant anti – inflammatory activity.
Effect of Vitamin D Therapy on Adiponectin level among type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Alkhaerow Raghad A. , Mohammad Shatha H. , Fadhil Nabeel N.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of weekly dose of 50.000IU vitamin D for 8 weeks on serum adiponectin level in diabetic patients who have vitamin D deficiency. The study has been included 80 female and male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have vitamin D deficiency were ages range from 25 to 70 years old. The patients have been prepared to have fasting serum adiponectin and vitamin D level tests. After 8 weeks of treatment with vitamin D as an add-on to the conventional anti-diabetic drugs taken up by the patients, there was a highly significant improvement in vitamin D and serum adiponectin level. The mean ±Std. of vitamin D at the base line was 14.76 ±6.02 ng/ml and after 8 weeks' treatment was 42.865 ±12.012 ng/ml. For adiponectin level, the mean ±Std. at the base line and after 8weeks treatment with vitamin D was 7.316 ±1.563 ng/ml, 9.705 ±3.269 ng/ml respectively. As a conclusion, vitamin D level corrected and became in sufficient values after treatment with 50.000IU vitamin D for 8 weeks. Also there is a highly significant improvement in serum adiponectin level after 8 weeks of vitamin D treatment.
Evaluating the efficacy of Capparis spinosa Total flavonoids to control Bird Lice (Menacanthus stramineus)
Authors: Kadhim Al-Timimi Liqaa Shaker , Azeez Shafeeq Maan Abdul , Mohammed Hasan Zainab Yaseen
Published: April 2022

The present study included an in-vitro and in-vivo insecticidal investigation for one of wild Iraqi plant Capparis spinosa total flavonids on locally chicken lice (Menacanthus stramineus). Extraction of total flavonoids from 115g of fresh plant samples by reflex extraction with 600ml distilled water with (10% v/ v) HCl, for 8 hours continuously and the aglycon part was obtained with ethyl acetate. The acetate layer was dried and the residue was weighted and subjected for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Three flavonoids concentrations of Capparis spinosa total Flavonoid (5,3 and 1) mg/ml in 100ml distilled water to treat a collected sample of Bird Lice (Menacanthus stramineus) in vitro and in vivo at different life stages in comparison to a traditional anti lice drug treatment permethrin (0.5mg/ml) as positive control. Distilled water application was considered as negative control. Results of present study showed that the plant was rich with different types of flavonoids and the effect of flavonoid extracts of the Capparis spinosa plant in the decimation of the different stage of chicken body lice, as the concentration factor had non-significant effect on the killing of adult and a significant effect on the killing of eggs/nymph, and this effect increased with the increase in the concentrations of the extract.
Modification of the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score for Scarring Assessment using Rattus novergicus Abnormal Scar Model
Authors: Wihastyoko Herman Y. L. , Soeharto Setyawati , Widjajanto Edi , Handono Kusworini , Pardjianto Bambang
Published: April 2022

The abnormal scar is a unique fibrosis disease because it only occurs in humans (Homo sapiens). Researchers now challenge no other animal species, including primates, are found to naturally form scar7, whereas animal models are essential references for human treatment modalities. This study aimed to determine the Modified Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score with the addition of collagen density parameters used to assess the scar in experimental animals quantitatively and generates a better assessment of the scar. The cross-sectional analytical survey method was adopted. The experimental animal was Rattus novergicus. The Modified VSS score was applied to assess the normal and abnormal scar data. The Likert categorization guidelines were used to obtain the VSS Score modification score. The collagen density and VSS had a significantly different based on T-test (p <0.05). The differences were also shown by the control and treatment groups. On the correlation analysis, there were the positive coefficient (0.722). The result can be described that the collagen density increases, when the VSS score is high. It also showed the differences based on the score (p <0.05). The Modified VSS score calculation's final results are classified into three groups namely Good (ranged from 0 to 1); Medium (ranged from 2 to 4); and Adverse (ranged from 5 to 6). The Modified VSS score is possibly to be used for the scar assessment to the Rattus novergicus abnormal scar model.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Children and Adolescents
Authors: M Suganya , Prabakar Sibikar , Rao US Mahadeva
Published: April 2022

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an active, problem-focused, and time-sensitive approach to treatment that aims to reduce emotional distress and increase adaptive behaviour in patients with a host of mental health and adjustment problems. Cognitive behavioural therapists deliver interventions in a strategic manner, such that interventions emerge from the customized case formulation of the patient’s clinical presentation, are delivered in a collaborative manner with the patient, are designed to move patients forward and directly towards meeting their treatment goals, It has been shown to be effective for a wide variety of mental health disorders, including anxiety disorders, Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), insomnia, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), social anxiety, autism, depression in children and adolescents. CBT has also been associated with improvements in quality of life in all the mental health disorders. CBT is typically conceptualized as a short-term, skills-focused treatment aimed at altering maladaptive emotional responses by changing the patient’s thoughts, behaviours, or both. It is the combination of one’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Cognitive therapy focuses on changing cognitions, which is proposed to change emotions and behaviours. Subsequently, the terms cognitive therapy, behavioural therapy, and cognitive-behavioural therapy have emerged. For the purposes of parsimony and to facilitate discussion of this diverse set of treatments, in this article we group the cognitive and behavioural therapies under the umbrella term “CBT” while acknowledging that the relative emphasis of cognitive vs behavioural techniques differs across treatment programs.
Current approaches in Lipidic-nanoparticle Systems for Buccal Drug Delivery
Authors: Peddapalli Himabindu , Radha G. V
Published: April 2022

The sublingual and buccal routes of administration have significant advantages for both local and systemic drug delivery. They have shown to be an effective alternative to the traditional oral route, especially when fast onset of action is required. Drugs can be rapidly and directly absorbed into the systemic circulation via venous drainage to the superior vena cava The buccal route is considered patient friendly due to its non-invasive nature and ease of administration. Such delivery route has been used as an alternative for the delivery of drugs that undergo first-pass metabolism or are susceptible to pH and enzymatic degradation, such as occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the drug concentration absorbed in the buccal mucosa is often low to obtain an acceptable therapeutic effect, mainly due to the saliva turnover, tongue and masticatory movements, phonation, enzymatic degradation and lack of epithelium permeation. Therefore, the encapsulation of drugs into nanoparticles is an important strategy to avoid such problems and improve their buccal delivery. Different materials from lipids to natural or synthetic polymers and others have been used to protect and deliver drugs in a sustained, controlled or targeted manner, and enhance their uptake through the buccal mucosa improving their bioavailability and therapeutic outcome. Overall, the main aim of this review is to perform an overview about the nanotechnological approaches developed so far to improve the buccal delivery of drugs. Herein, several types of nanoparticles and delivery strategies are addressed, and a special focus on pipeline products is also given.
Phytoformulation studies on Traditional Anti-Wrinkle Preparation
Authors: Sriram Rajashree , V Gopal.
Published: April 2022

The most frequent dermatological concern and a multisystem degenerative process is skin aging. Age related factors may be either due to declining physiological functions (intrinsic aging) or may be due to environmental factors such as pollution, sun exposure, smoking, stress etc. (extrinsic aging). An aged skin displays pigmented lesions, patchy hypopigmentations, actinic keratoses, fragility, laxity and wrinkles. Skin aging mechanisms involve biochemical changes in collagen, elastin and connective tissues, thereby resulting in a thin, dry, less elastic, wrinkled skin. In the recent years, herbals are largely preferred to synthetic drugs regarding to their traditional use as they help in providing an efficient, low toxicity and cost impressive product. Though a number of traditional plants are available, novel delivery systems need to be integrated so that the efficacy and cost effectiveness of the therapy can be optimized. Functional herbal active constituents and innovative novel formulations are driving the cosmetic industry. This present review put forward extensively on herbs appraisal for skin aging treatment. It also highlights the benefits of herbals and their role in impeding aging of skin. Some commercial branded herbal anti-aging cosmeceuticals and a few novel anti-aging herbal formulations available in the market are also reviewed here.
Herbal Treatment for Management of Psoriasis: An Overview
Authors: Gaikwad Ravindra G. , Shinde Anilkumar J. , Hajare Ashok A.
Published: April 2022

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin condition characterised by scaling with inflammation (pain, edema, warmth, and redness) that results in regions of thick, red skin covered in silvery scales. These spots can be itchy or painful. Systemic treatment, topical therapy, and phototherapy are all now used to treat psoriasis. These treatments have a variety of negative and perhaps fatal side effects. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to acquire other conditions such as psoriatic arthritis, anxiety and depression, cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and Crohn's disease. The majority of people use herbal medicine because it is readily available, inexpensive, and effective. Many plants have promising features, including significant results in the treatment of psoriasis. The present study plans to emphasize such plants, herbal formulations, and associated therapy, which could add value to the development of a better, safe, and efficacious formulation to treat psoriasis that may help new researchers in this field.
Using Smart Completion Technology to Control Water Coning Problems and Increase Oil Recovery in a Southern Iraqi Oilfield
Authors: Razaq Maitham Mezher , Hassan Ansaf Fadhi , Radhi Alameer Abdulkareem
Published: April 2022

This research describes the using of a new well completion technology system that enhance the homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoir deliverability and the production performance gained through a completion technique using Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICD) by self-decreasing/delaying water and gas progress and promoting increasing in oil production, therefore, equalizing the drawdown (∆P=Pi-Pwf) along the well and provide a dynamic water shut-off operation and significantly increasing the economic life of a well and therefore, reducing capital and operational expenditures for the field development.

     The research presents a production performance simulation results for a conventional and smart well completion technology in a horizontal well in a southern Iraqi oilfield for two stages during well life; early stage (till 2018) and late stage (till 2033).  For early stage of well life, there was no significant difference in results when comparing between the conventional completion design and the smart completion design. In the contrast, the simulation results for the late life of the well showed that the well can produce for approximately 1056.7 barrel per day crude oil with a water-cut of 82 % at the year of 2033. The also revealed that the results showed that the cumulative oil production from the year of 2018 till 2050 will be 23 million barrel of crude oil and 44 million barrel of water when the well is completed with conventional completion design. When the completion design has been changed and equipped with autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs) technology and simulated the production performance by NETool Software. The simulation results showed that the oil production has been increased by 891 barrel per day (1947.3 barrel per day) and the water cut has reduced significantly in comparison with the conventional production completion by 17 % (65.4 %) at the year of 2033. The results revealed that the cumulative oil production from the year of 2018 till 2050 will be 31 million barrel of crude oil and 33 million barrel of water.

     It has been concluded, from the reservoir and production simulation, that the application of the technology is successful and showed a clear advantage of using Autonomous Inflow Control Device (AICD) that provides better water influx control profile.
Smart Well Modelling for As Reservoir in AG Oil Field
Authors: Asad Maaly S. , Hamd-Alla Sameera M.
Published: April 2022

Intelligent or smart completion wells vary from conventional wells. They have downhole flow control devices like Inflow Control Devices (ICD) and Interval Control Valves (ICV) to enhance reservoir management and control, optimizing hydrocarbon output and recovery. However, to explain their adoption and increase their economic return, a high level of justification is necessary.

Smart horizontal wells also necessitate optimizing the number of valves, nozzles, and compartment length. A three-dimensional geological model of the As reservoir in AG oil field was used to see the influence of these factors on cumulative oil production and NPV. After creating the dynamic model for the As reservoir using the program Petrel (2017.4), we improve the robustness of forecasting production from smart wells using reservoir simulation. High-level details in the rock and fluid flow properties are required in the horizontal well region to capture the flow dynamics accurately. Thus, the study offers an enhanced method for predicting the performance of intelligent or smart wells in reservoir modeling.

This model was history matched for a period of 20 years for three horizontal wells by using program Petrel (2017.4) and ECLIPS (2011). After successful validation of model on a field scale and well level, performance prediction was carried out to see the effect of (number of valves, number of nozzle and compartment length) using PICD/AFCV completion. Optimizing well performance entails lowering water-cut. From an economic viewpoint, the goal is to maximize NPV or profit, depending on the situation, from PICD wells, which compared to other wells.
Protection of Oil Refinery Furnaces Bricks Using Coatings of Nano Zirconia-Glass Composites
Authors: Zaidan S. A. , Abed Hafidh Y. , Hussein Sattar J. , Mousa Hussam J. , Abbood Basim A.
Published: April 2022

The process of ceramic or refractory surfaces coating is one of the methods used to protect the ceramic body from chemical effects resulting from operating conditions, especially in the applications that include acid gases emissions such as furnaces of petroleum refining units. A mixture of low-melting glass frit was used, reinforced with nano powders of zirconia and Partial Stabilized Zirconia with yttria (3Y-PSZ) with different additives 5wt% and 10 wt%, as well as the addition of nano-alumina for the same percentage of addition. The medium alumina refractory brick which used in lining petroleum refining units was used as a basis for coating.

The coating process was implemented after mixing and preparation of a homogeneous suspension in the presence of water, then drying and sintering until glazing at a temperature of 850 oC. X-ray diffraction technique was used to show the structural characterization of the glazing, which indicated that a glass frit layer was transformed into a mixture of ceramic-glass (crystalline glass), where the crystalline structures of the nano powders were clearly visible. Surface roughness showed low values for frit added with 5wt% of (3Y-PSZ) as well as the frit to which was added 10 %wt of (3Y-PSZ with 5wt% alumina). Moreover, all samples showed clear chemical resistance against acids, including concentrated H2SO4. Thermal shock resistance varied for vitrification mixtures, but it was good for vitrified samples, adding 10%wt of (3Y-PSZ) with 5wt% alumina as well as adding silicate to the mixture, and these mixtures are considered to be the best in medium alumina refractory surfaces coating.
Solid Fuel Char Production via Pyrolysis Process of Oily Sludge Produced as a Resulted in Storage Tanks at North Refineries Company Baiji
Authors: Abdulqader Mahmod A. , Habeeb Omar Abed , Dheab Mohammed Sarhan , Saber Shihab Ezzuldin M. , Rabet Asaad Owayez , Mohammed Gazwan J. , Saleh A. H.
Published: April 2022

The oily sludge contains a toxics material. It has an impact effect to the environment and worker’s health. Therefore, treatment the residue oily sludge in the refineries storage tanks and convert it to useful product, is an important task. Oily sludge (OS) sample was obtained from North Refineries Company (NRC) Baiji which produced about 3000-3500 m3/ year. In this study, different range of pyrolysis temperatures have been applied (300, 500, 700, and 900 °C). The parameters have been investigated the efficiency of char produced from OS. The operation conditions of (20 g, 700 °C, and 1.5 h, under N2 pressure) are investigated. The calorific value was enhanced from 9.125 to 17.247 MJ.kg-1 with an increased rate ~ 89.0 %.  The fuel ratio was increased from 0.78 of OS to 0.97 around 24.35 % increased percentage of char at 700 °C. Finally, the energy recovery was enhanced at maximum value 1.909 % of char at 700 °C. The results show the fuel properties were upgraded to burn with a small amount of CO2.
ضمانات الإستثمار في قطاع تصفية النفط الخام في العراق، دراسة قانونية تحليلية
Authors: شبيب كاظم مطشر
Published: April 2022

تعدّ الضمانات القانونية التي تمنحها الدول للمستثمرين في القطاع النفطي أحد أهم الركائز المشجعة لجذب تلك الإستثمارات بأشكالها وأنواعها المختلفة، وجلب رؤوس الأموال ونقل التكنولوجيا والخبرات الفنية والتقنية مما يسهم في التنمية الاقتصادية لتلك الدول ومن ثم تطوير البنى التحتية للاقتصاد الوطني، وهذا لا يمكن تحقيقه إلا بوجود منظومة قانونية ملائمة لهذا النوع من الاستثمارات.

        إنَّ تأمين الاحتياجات من المنتجات النفطية وتحقيق الاكتفاء الذاتي في العراق، لم يحظ قطاع تصفية النفط الخام بالاهتمام، إذ لا زال القطاع العام عاجزاً عن تلبية كل متطلبات السوق المحلية من المشتقات النفطية، وليس لدى الحكومة العراقية إلا عدداً قليل من المصافي النفطية التي لا تواكب التطور العالمي في هذا المجال، مما يقتضي تشجيع القطاع الخاص إلى الاستثمار في مجال تصفية النفط الخام من خلال منحه عدد الضمانات بغية اسهامه في سد احتياجات السوق المحلية من جهة، وتصدير هذه المنتجات الى السوق الدولية من جهة أخرى.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1
Authors: Williams Richard
Published: April 2022

Reviewer AcknowledgementsJournal of Agricultural Studies (JAS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 1Ahmad Reza Pirali Zefrehei, Gorgan Univ. of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, IranAi-Ping Wu, Hunan Agricultural University, ChinaAlessandra M. Lima Naoe, Federal University of Tocantins, BrazilBenard Kiplangat Rop, University of Nairobi, KenyaCamilla H. M. Camargos, University of Campinas, BrazilFábio Cassola, UNICAMP, BrazilGeorgiana G. Codina, Stefan cel Mare University, RomaniaJuliana Nneka Ikpe, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, NigeriaMariana Esteves, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture University of Sao Paulo, BrazilMohammed El Basuini, Kagoshima University, JapanNkemkanma Vivian Agi, Rivers State University Port Harcourt, NigeriaOlga Mykhailenko, National University of Pharmacy, UkraineOscar Mitsuo Yamashita, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, BrazilRaul Pașcalău, Banat's Univ. of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, RomaniaSomaia Alkhair, Alzaeim Alazhari University, Sudan Richard WilliamsEditorial AssistantJournal of Agricultural Studies--------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Email 1: jas@macrothink.orgEmail 2: jas@macrothink.comURL: http://jas.macrothink.org
Antimicrobial Consumption in Community Pharmacies in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria, Orebiyi E.P. , Usifoh S.F. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, Udoh I.E. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria, Ebong I. ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, Ekuma A.E. ,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria, Awofisayo S.O. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Published: April 2022

Background: Unnecessary antibiotic use is a major cause of emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The complex mechanisms associating antibiotic use and resistance are further complicated by irrational prescribing and antimicrobial overuse. Objective: This research investigated antimicrobial consumption practices, and cost expenditures in the community including the resultant effects among patients who purchased drugs from pharmacies in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in 38 community pharmacies using a two-stage cluster sampling method from the mapped political wards (11) in Uyo city. A total of 660 questionnaires were distributed to patients over 3-months. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 23.0. Results were presented as tables and charts. Results: A total of 546 respondents participated in the study achieving a response rate of 82.7%. The most commonly consumed antimicrobials were antibiotics 385 (54.8%) followed by antimalarials 246 (35.0%). In the class of antibiotics, fluoroquinolones 179 (23.28%) and beta- lactams 157 (20.42%) were frequently purchased. The antimicrobial encounter rate was different (P<0.05) among the pharmacies with mean value of 25.95% (4.43% to 47.87%). The cost expenditure on antimicrobials was also different (P<0.05) among the pharmacies with mean value of 30.54% (12.78 % to 66.67%). Drug therapy problems included wrong drug combinations 80 (14.7%), adverse effects 3 (0.5%), polypharmacy 45 (8.3%) and a non-adherence rate of 17.0%. Conclusion: Antimicrobial consumption rates in Uyo LGA are high. Antimicrobial encounter rate and expenditure was different across various pharmacies. The antibiotic classes, fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams were the most commonly consumed antimicrobials.