bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immiscible CO2-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process for Enhancing Oil Recovery in Bottom Water Drive reservoir
Authors: Al-Obaidi Dahlia A. , Al-Jawad Mohammed S.
Published: August 2020

The CO2-Assisted Gravity Drainage process (GAGD) has been introduced to become one of the mostinfluential process to enhance oil recovery (EOR) methods in both secondary and tertiary recovery through immiscibleand miscible mode. Its advantages came from the ability of this process to provide gravity-stable oil displacement forenhancing oil recovery. Vertical injectors for CO2 gas have been placed at the crest of the pay zone to form a gas capwhich drain the oil towards the horizontal producing oil wells located above the oil-water-contact. The advantage ofhorizontal well is to provide big drainage area and small pressure drawdown due to the long penetration. Manysimulation and physical models of CO2-AGD process have been implemented at reservoir and ambient conditions tostudy the effect of this method to improve oil recovery and to examine the most parameters that control the CO2-AGDprocess. The CO2-AGD process has been developed and tested to increase oil recovery in reservoirs with bottom waterdrive and strong water coning tendencies. In this study, a scaled prototype 3D simulation model with bottom waterdrive was used for CO2-assisted gravity drainage. The CO2-AGD process performance was studied. Also the effects ofbottom water drive on the performance of immiscible CO2 assisted gravity drainage (enhanced oil recovery and watercut) was investigated. Four different statements scenarios through CO2-AGD process were implemented. Resultsrevealed that: ultimate oil recovery factor increases considerably when implemented CO2-AGD process (from 13.5%to 84.3%). Recovery factor rises with increasing the activity of bottom water drive (from 77.5% to 84.3%). Also,GAGD process provides better reservoir pressure maintenance to keep water cut near 0% limit until gas flood frontreaches the production well if the aquifer is active, and stays near 0% limit at all prediction period for limited waterdrive.
Expectant Management of Severe Pre-eclampsia remote from term: Maternal and Perinatal outcome
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Akter Hosna , Nazmeen Summyia , Tasnim Saria
Published: August 2020

Background: Management of severe pre eclampsia remote from term remains one of the most difficult challenges in obstetric practice. Expectant management of early onset severe pre eclampsia improves neonatal outcome.

Methods: A prospective case series extending over five years peiod were recorded to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome of expectant management of severe preeclampsia presenting between 24-34 weeks of gestation in a tertiary referral center. All women (n=160) presenting with early onset (24-34 weeks of gestation) severe preeclampsia , where both the mother and the fetus were otherwise stable. Frequent clinical and biochemical monitoring of maternal status with careful blood pressure control. Foetal surveillance included six hourly foetal heart rate monitoring, bi weekly non stress test and weekly USG evaluation.

Results: Mean number of days of prolongation of gestation was 6 days ( range 1-24days). The largest prolongation of pregnancy was recorded in patients with the lowest gestational age. Conservative management was associated with a 1.63% ( 17/160) intrauterine fetal loss rate. The days of pregnancy prolongation and perinatal mortality were significantly higher among those managed at <30 weeks. Increasing gestational age correlated with a reduction of RDS ( respiratory distress syndrome). Maternal morbidities were significantly higher among those managed at < 32 weeks. But there was no maternal mortality.

Conclusion: Good perinatal outcome and less risk to mother can be achieved at 30-34 weeks gestation.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 73-78
Maternal Weight Gain and its Relationship with Birth Weight of Baby at Term
Authors: Rijvi Shiffin , Abbasi Sharmin , Dewan Farhana , Siddiqua Sehereen Farhad , Karmakar Anuradha
Published: August 2020

Background: Perinatal health is influenced by maternal weight gain. Increase in obesity in population and excess weight during pregnancy may be different complications including large for gestational age fetus. As a result cesarean delivery has increased in prevalence. Maternal weight gain during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters is an important determinant of fetal growth

Objective: To determine the relationship between maternal weight gain and birth weight of baby at term.

Methodology : A cross sectional study was carried among 50 pregnant women at term in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital and Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2013 to July 2013. Data were collected in pre-designed data collection sheet.

Results: This study found maximum (36%) were age group 21-25 years followed by 28% were ≤20 years, 24% were between 26-30 years, 8% were between 31-35 years and only 4% were of 36-40 years. The average age was 25 years. Among these 50 pregnant women, 2 cases (4%) had BMI < 18.5, 15 cases (30%) had a BMI 18.5-24.9, 19 cases (38%) had a BMI 25-29.9 and 14 cases (28%) had a BMI ≥30. The mean birth weight was 2.77±0.33. kg. Mean weight gain was 10.72±3.72 Kg.

Conclusion: This study showed that reasonable maternal weight gain significantly increased birth weight of the baby at term.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 79-83
Advantages of “Life Curve” Mobile Application: An Easier Alternate of Paper Partograph
Authors: Begum Ferdousi , Tanvir Md Sahariar Hossain , Hasan Md Jahid
Published: August 2020

Background: The WHO approved paper Partograph is a time tested tool for monitoring the progression of labour to reduce life-threatening complications during labour as well as maternal mortality and morbidity. However, inept manpower for recording and interpreting data, chance of retrograde plotting and limited scope of distance monitoring have become a significant barriers to use this tool. The ‘Life Curve’, an Android Apps, is put forward as an easier alternate of the paper partograph.

Objective: To see the advantages of the ‘life curve mobile application’: an Android apps which support any Android operating system. It is a new tool based on WHO partograph to monitor the progression of labor with automatically generated interpretation. Early warning and alarm system is included here for creating an opportunity of early referral and intervention.

Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mirford Hospital from December 2016 to May 2017 on 30 mothers admitted with labour pain. Labor and all other parameters were recorded and monitored by using “life curve” mobile application along with paper partograph. The research protocol including the ethical clearance was approved by Bangladesh Medical Research Council. It is part of the feasibility study of the “life Curve” mobile application.

Results: Mean age of the subjects was 25.9±5.7 yrs, mean gestational age 39.6±.9 wks, and 83% had vaginal delivery. The apps is easy to fill up, automatically generates graph, interesting to work with, provides timely automated reminder to evaluate the parturient, generates digital color coded warning figures, sends automated text message to the supervisor in abnormal situation. The performance parameters were scored in a 1-5 scale. For comparing the advantages of using these two partographs, nine features were compared with a total score of 45. Total score for live curve has 42.7 and that for paper postograph was 19.52 the difference is highly significant (p=.001). The mean±SD score of life curve (4.74±.52) was statistically significantly higher than that of paper partograph (2.17±1.18): p<.0002.

Conclusions: The life curve mobile application is found to be a easier tool for monitoring of labour with many advantages; and can be used as an alternative of paper partograph.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 84-89
Prevention of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Khatun Sabera
Published: August 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 1-3
Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rangpur Medical College Hospital: 11 Years Experience
Authors: Begum Mst Moonmoon , Sultana Ferdousi , Ferdousy Hasina
Published: August 2020

Background: Prevention of cervical cancer is the easiest with regular screening tests and follow up. CIN is a pre-malignant condition, detection of which is possible by VIA and colposcopy.

Objective: To identify the performance of Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rangpur Medical College Hospital through 11 Years.

Methods and materials: Apparently healthy, married or sexually active women (>10 years) and women aged >30 years attending Gynae OPD were included in this study. After counseling and informed consent a speculum examination was performed for direct visualization of cervix to identify the squamo-columner junction. Freshly prepared 5% acetic acid was applied to the cervix for one minute. All the VIA positive women were further evaluated by colposcopy. Women with negative VIA were advised for 3 yearly VIA test. Suspected CIN cases were evaluated by colposcopy guided punch biopsy or LEEP biopsy and histopathology.

Results: VIA screening was provided for 11,792 women from August 2005 to August 2016 and 932 (7.9%) were positive VIA. From November 2007 to August 2016, total women underwent colposcopy were 1548. Among them 632 (40.8%) were normal, out of abnormal cases 730 (80.3%) were CIN-1, 147 (16.1%) were CIN-2, 14 (1.5%) were CIN-3, 17 (1.8%) were invasive and 8 (0.5%) were unsatisfactory. From November 2007 to August 2016 punch biopsy was taken in 384 women and total 568 women were treated by LEEP.

Conclusion: In a low resource setting like Bangladesh VIA and colposcopy can detect 80% pre-invasive cervical lesion and may be one of the most important tool to prevent cervical cancer and its mortality.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 11-16
Clinical profile of 500 cases of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Mahjabeen Nusrat , Nasreen Sk Zinnat Ara , Mustary Faryl
Published: August 2020

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition affecting 4% to18% of women. It has been suggested that this condition occurs in as many as 4-10% ofwomen of reproductive age. PCOS is associated with significant reproductive morbidity,including infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, miscarriage and other complications ofpregnancy.

Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics andGynaecology of Z.H. Sikder Women’s Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from January,2013 to December, 2016 over a period of 4 years with the objective to find out various clinicalpresentations, endocrine status, the menstrual abnormalities and sonographic findings ofthe patients with PCOS. During the study period a total number of 1600 patients wereexamined for infertility in the Outpatient and in Inpatient Department. Out of these 1600infertility patients, 500 cases were found to have polycystic ovary syndrome. Detailedinformation about the patients were collected in a predesigned data collection sheet.

Result: Out of 500 PCOS patients, 360 (72.0%) had primary sub-fertility and 140 (28.0%)had secondary sub-fertility. Age of the patients ranged between 25 and 35 years. Duration ofinfertility was between 5 to 18 years. Prevalence of menstrual disturbances was found in78.0 percent of PCOS patients, of which & 90 (18.0%) had amenorrhoea, 250 (50.0%) hadoligomenorrhoea, 50 (10.0%) had a heavy menstrual bleeding and 110 (22.0%) had normalmenstrual cycle. Among those patients, 210 (42.0%) were obese, 230 (46.0%) had normalBMI and 60 (12.0%) were under weight.

Conclusion: The prevalence of PCOS in this study was 31.25% among infertility patients.Among them 72.0% had primary sub-fertility and 28.0% had secondary sub-fertility. Prevalenceof menstrual disturbances was found in 78.0% of PCOS patients, of which 18.0% hadamenorrhoea, 50.0% had oligomenorrhoea and 10.0% had heavy menstrual bleeding.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 45-48
Antibiotic Sensitivity in UTI among Diabetic Pregnant Women
Authors: Naher N , Begum F , Hashem N
Published: August 2020

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common during pregnancy and especially soin pregnant patients with diabetes mellitus. The emergence of drug resistance and particularlythe extended spectrum Beta-lactamase production by Escherechia Coli and Methicillinresistance in staphylococci, limits the choice of anti-microbials.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 pregnant women with sign andsymptoms of UTI in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BIRDEM generalHospital-2 from January to June 2017. The objectives of the study were to determine thepresence and type of pathogens found in pregnant diabetic women presenting with featuresof urinary tract infection, and to analyze their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Clean catch midstreamurine samples were collected using standard procedure and culture and sensitivitywas done following standard bacteriological method.

Results: Mean age of the study subjects was 29.84±5.29 yrs; 48% were in third trimester ofpregnancy; 52% had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and 48% had Diabetes Mellitus(DM). Out of fifty pregnant women, thirty eight (76.0%) study subjects had positive growth.Of them, Escherechia coli was found in 57.9% cases, Klebsiellain 21.1%, Staphylococcusaureus in 7.9%, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa each in 2.6% case. Amikacinwas found to be sensitive to 100% cases of E. Coli, Klebsiella& Enterococcus but 100%resistant to Streptococcus.

Conclusion: In this study, E. Coli was the most common organisms causing UTI, which isless susceptible to conventional oral antibiotics but more susceptible to amikacin. So carefulldrug selection is required for successful outcome in UTI.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 54-58
Urinary Tract Aspergillosis in a Patient With Diabetes Who Underwent Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Sharmin Farzana
Published: August 2020

Urinary tract aspergillosis is uncommon even in the era of increased frequency of invasivemycoses. Experience is largely from isolated case reports and few case series or reviews.The majority of cases involve transplant recipients predominantly following renaltransplantation but is also reported in other immunocompromised states such as AIDS anduncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Most cases represent haematogenous spread to renalparenchyma, often in the absence of recognized focus of infection, presenting as small orlarge abscesses, infarcts, renal insufficiency or urinary drainage system fungal balls withobstructive uropathy. Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of renal tissue aspiration, urinecultures or by histopathology of the suspicious mass passed through urinary tract. Theeffective management of invasive aspergillosis includes strategies to optimize preventionand early antifungal treatment, immunomodulation, and, in some cases, surgery. Neweranti-Aspergillus drugs notably voriconazole offer less toxic therapeutic options and are quitesuccessful in combination with drainage measures to relieve urinary stasis. This reportdescribes a case of primary urinary tract aspergillosis with fungal bezoars formation in a 37years old female, diabetic, hypertensive, who presented with intermittent urinary tractobstruction and was successfully managed by oral voriconazole for six weeks as itraconazolewas found refractory.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 74-77
Prophylactic use of Tranexamic Acid during Caesarean Section in Preventing Postpartum haemorrhage– a Prospective Randomised Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study
Authors: Nargis Nazlima , Dewan Farhana
Published: August 2020

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal mortality,accounting for one-quarter of all maternal deaths worldwide. Tranexamic acid (TXA), anantifibrinolytic agent, has therefore been investigated as a potentially useful complement toprevention and treatment of PPH. It has been proved to reduce blood loss in elective surgery,bleeding in trauma patients, and menstrual blood loss.

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of TXA in reducing blood loss given just immediatelyafter delivery of baby in women undergoing cesarean section.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled studyconducted in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics unit of IBN SINA Medical CollegeDhaka, Bangladesh from June 2016 to May 2017. Participants were randomly assigned toTXA group or group A (n=60) and placebo group or group B (n=60). Randomization wasdone by residents using computer generated random numbers. Group A received 1 gram(10ml) of intravenous bolus dose of TXA just after delivery of the baby, Group B received 10ml of sterile distilled water for injection intravenously at the same time. Statistical analysishas been done by SPSS.

Results: The subjective characteristics in the two groups were similar with respect to theirage, BMI, gestational age and gravidity. The duration of surgery was 40-50 minutes. Therewas no statistically significant difference in the heart rates (p>0.05) and blood pressuresbetween the two groups, after 2 hours of delivery. Blood losses from both placental deliveriesto the end of cesarean section and from end of CS to 2 hours postpartum were significantlylower in the study group (p<0.05). Change in hemoglobin concentration in study group wasalso significantly less than in the control group. Total amount of oxytocin required wassignificantly less in TXA group (p<0.05) also the number of women requiring other oxytocics(inj. Methyl ergometrine, inj carboprost and tab misoprostol per rectally) was significantlyless in TXA group (p< 0.05). The amount of intra-operative fluid required were significantlyless in TXA group (p<0.005); however post – operative fluid requirement and minor sideeffects in the form of nausea and vomiting were similar in both the groups.

Conclusion: Tranexamic acid can effectively reduce blood loss in patients undergoing LSCSand its use was not associated with any side effects and or complications like thrombosis.The adoption of WHO guidelines for using uterotonic agents and prophylactically administeringTXA may significantly reduce the number of PPH incidents.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 125-130
Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Endometriosis
Authors: Ishrat Shakeela , Deeba Farzana , Fatima Parveen
Published: August 2020

Background: Endometriosis is frequently associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, inaddition to dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and infertility. Gastrointestinal tract is not alwaysinvolved when gastrointestinal symptoms are present.

Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology of Bangladesh Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) on 55 infertile womenwith surgical diagnosis of endometriosis with the objective to determine the frequency ofgastrointestinal symptoms in our population of women with endometriosis and to find outwhether they were relevant to severity of endometriosis.

Results: There was a high prevalence (37.5%) of gastrointestinal symptoms in women withendometriosis. Bloating was the most frequent gastrointestinal symptom. Among the womenwith severe stage IV endometriosis, 57.6% had gastrointestinal symptoms.

Conclusion: A gynecologist must consider the gastrointestinal symptoms while dealing withthe women with endometriosis. Further evaluation of gastrointestinal tract involvement isnecessary for counseling and comprehensive management of the women with endometriosis.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 140-142
Active Management of the Third Stage of Labour: A Brief Review and Update
Authors: Sultana Nahid , Begum Ferdousi , Shermin Shahana
Published: August 2020

Blood loss due to postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and its complications constitute one ofthe major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. Active management of third stage oflabour (AMTSL) plays an immense role in preventing maternal death due PPH. But till dateobstetricians all over the world and the concerned international bodies could not reach to asingle agreement about its universal use. This approach is practiced widely in many centresand there are some specific guidelines regarding its practical use. AMTSL as a prophylacticintervention and is composed of a package of three components or steps: 1) administrationof a uterotonic, preferably oxytocin, immediately after birth of the baby; 2) controlled cordtraction (CCT) to deliver the placenta; and 3) massage of the uterine fundus after the placentais delivered. In 2012, the results of a large WHO-directed, multi-centred clinical trial showedthat the most important AMTSL component was the administration of an uterotonic, theother two steps contributes relatively less in blood loss. But WHO recommends to continueall three steps of AMTSL for management and training of third stage of labour. This article isa brief review of the recent guidelines and evidence based practice of active management ofthe third stage of labour.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 149-156
Society News Vol.33(2)
Authors: Chowdhury Sameena
Published: August 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 171-172
BJOG yearly CME program Vol.33(2)
Authors: Chowdhury Sameena
Published: August 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 174-177
Bacterial Loads in Shrimp and Fish Hatchery Environments of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Md Abdur Razzak , Haque Md Inja Mamun , Hossain Anwar , Hasan Mahmud , Rahman Mohammad Shamsur
Published: August 2020

Artemia hatching tank of Cox’s Bazar hatchery had similar total bacterial build up (2.59 ± 0.10×107cfu/g) in the water sampled and in the shrimp post larvae (PL) sampled at stage 10 and 12 (2.37 ± 0.11×107cfu/g and 2.42 ± 0.10×107cfu/g, respectively). In MA plate, no significant differences was observed in the bacterial count of these samples. Similar result was observed for the total presumptive vibrio count in TCBS plates ranging from 3.8 ± 0.60×103cfu/g to1.62 ± 0.50×103cfu/g.Total bacterial load (7.5 ± 0.11×107) measured in the water sampled from 25 day old fry rearing pond of tilapia from Mymensingh Hatchery, was similar to that of 33 day old fry (8.6 ± .66×107). The bacterial density found in the 25 (1.6 ± 0.50×107), 28 (3.12 ± 0.14×107) and 40 day old fry (6.46 ± 1.52×106) samples was similar but significantly different from the sample of 33 day old fry and the water sample of the pond of 25 day old fry. In TCBS plate, bacterial abundance detected in the samples across all four age groups was similar (25 day old fry: 4.21 ± 3.79×103; 28 day old fry: 4.90 ± 3.50×103; 33 day old fry: 1.08 ± 0.12×103; 40 day old fry: 7.04 ± 2.08×103). In finfish hatchery of Bogra, the overall bacterial build up (2.03 ± 0.31×108) found in the samples of zeol fish fry in NA plate was significantly higher than that of the corresponding rearing pond water (2.11 ± 0.459×107) and the water of the live food rearing tank ( 8.43 ± 0.57×106). Similar to that, TCBS plates had 2.3-, and 5.09-folds higher bacterial load (1.08± 0.25×103) in the samples of fish fry than in the samples of the corresponding water samples and water samples of the live food rearing tank, respectively (4.70 ±w 1.67×102 and 2.12 ± 0.28×102).

Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(1): 37-47, June 2017
In Hospital Complications of Atrial Septal Defect Device Closure at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Chandra Mani , Acharya Kiran Prasad , Bogati Amrit , Dhungel Sachin , Shrestha Manish
Published: August 2020

Background: Atrial deptal defect device closure has become the preferred method in the treatment of atrial septal defect. We aim to study the in-hospital complications of atrial septal defect device closure procedure.Methods: It was a single center, retrospective study conducted from Febuary 2016 to January 2019. Cardiac catheterization laboratory records of all consecutive patients who underwent atrial septal defect device closure was included and the in-hospital complications were been retrospectively reviewed.Results: During the study period, a total of 566 patients were attempted for device closure. In 557 (98.4%) of cases device was implanted. Among the 557 patient in which device was implanted 401(71.9%) were female. Age ranged from 5 years to 72 years with the mean of 30.9 years. Transient ST segment elevation 15 (2.6 %)was the commonest complication followed by pericardial tamponade 4 (0.7%), and cardiac arrhythmias 3 (0.5%). Conclusions: Atrial deptal defect device closure can be done safely with a high success rate and a low complication rate.Keywords: Amplatzer duct occluder; atrial septal defects; in hospital complications; transcatheter device closure.
Outcome Predictors in Scrub Typhus Requiring Ventilator and Vasopressor Support
Authors: Adhikari Shital , Poudel Ramesh Sharma , Shrestha Shakti , Bhandari Nisha
Published: August 2020

Background: Age and serum creatinine are known to be predictors of mortality in scrub typhus patients admitted in intensive care unit. This study aimed to explore the factors predicting mortality in patients with scrub typhus requiring both ventilator and vasopressor support in our set up.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 43 patients with scrub typhus (ELISA IgM positive, optical density ?0.5) admitted in Medical Intensive Care unit of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital between April 2016 to September 2017 was performed considering recovery or death (poor outcome) as outcome measurement. Potential variables (p<0.25) from bivariate analysis were used to perform a multivariate logistic regression analysis (p<0.10) to predict mortality. Results: The mortality rate was 56% (24/43). Acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock were observed in all 43 patients. The median (IQR) duration of ventilation use and vasopressor use was 53(101) hours and 48(79.5) hours, respectively. On bivariate analysis, an independent and statistically significant association of mortality with age in years (p=0.039), number of vasopressor use (p<0.001) and serum creatinine more than 1.4 mg/dl (p=0.012) was observed and on multivariate regression analysis, these variables were also the predictors of mortality (age in years: p=0.011, ?=0.115, OR=1.211, 95% CI=1.027-1.225; number of vasopressor use: p=0.009, ?=3.705, OR=40.647, 95% CI=2.532-652.425; serum creatinine more than 1.4 mg/dl: p=0.046, ?=-2.205, OR=0.110, 95% CI=0.013-0.961)Conclusions: In scrub typhus with ARDS and septic shock, increasing age and serum creatinine, and requiring more than one vasopressor to maintain blood pressure are at increased risk of mortality. Keywords: Mortality; predictors; scrub typhus; shock.
Sex Predictability by Using Mandibular Canine Index
Authors: Atreya Alok , Shrestha Rijen , Tuladhar Lujaw Ratna , Nepal Samata , Shrestha Raju , Sah Sanjay Kumar
Published: August 2020

Background: Canines are known for their higher resistance to trauma and pathological alterations when compared to other teeth. Among all the teeth, canines show highest sexual dimorphism.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was commenced from January 2019 to April 2019 after the ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee. The maximum mesio-distal widths of right and left mandibular canines and mandibular inter-canine arch width were measured on the cast with the help of a divider and digital vernier callipers. Mandibular canine index was calculated by dividing the mesio-distal width of each mandibular canine with inter-canine arch width. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Results: Sex predictability by using mandibular canine index in the present study showed poor sex predictability (57.5% - 62.5%).Conclusions: Sex determination should be done by other methods and mandibular canine index should be used cautiously in Nepalese population.Keywords: Canine dimorphism; forensic anthropology; forensic dentistry; forensic identification, sex determination.
Evaluation of Sympathetic Response in Offsprings of Hypertensive and Normotensive Parents
Authors: Karmacharya Poonam , Singh Surjit , Tiwari Indu
Published: August 2020

Background: Disturbances of the autonomic nervous system play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of many diseases. Sympathetic response is an exaggerated response to stress. Studies have shown that enhanced sympathetic response to stress is an indication of prehypertensive states. Young offspring of hypertensive parents are a good model for assessing sympathetic reactivity prior to clinical hypertension. The aim of this study is to compare the sympathetic response in normotensive offspring of both hypertensive and normotensive parents.Methods: 100 young normotensives, non-smoking and healthy students (male and female) of Manipal College of medical science with a family history of hypertension and 100 young normotensives students, non-smoking and healthy with a negative family history of hypertension were enrolled in the study. Blood pressures at rest and after Isometric hand grip test and cold pressor test were measured. Statistical analysis was done to compare the blood pressure at rest and after isometric hand grip exercise and cold pressor test using independent t test.Results: A statistically significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were observed in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, compared to the normotensive offspring of normotensive parents indicating sympathetic overactivity after isometric hand grip exercise and cold pressor test (P<0.001). Conclusions: Normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents showed increase sympathetic reactivity after stress was given in the form of isometric hand grip exercise and cold pressor test. Thus, normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents are more likely to develop future hypertension and the risk is greater when both the parents were hypertensive.Keywords: Cold pressor test; Isometric hand grip test; Sympathetic reactivity.
Determinan Kinerja Keuangan Yang Ditinjau Dari Good Corporate Governance, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan (Sub. Sector Perusahaan BUMN yang Terdaftar Di BEI tahun 2013-2018)
Authors: Antikasari Lola Dwi , Fajri Rosa Nikmatul , Dewi Riana R
Published: August 2020

Financial performance as a benchmark for the success of the company's work in a certain period. Financial performance is also used as a basis for determining the company's strategy in the future. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of good corporate governance (board size), leverage (DER) and company size on financial performance (ROA). This study uses a population of 120 data from SOE companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2018. And produced a sample of 78 company data. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The research instrument in the form of documentation (taking company financial statements). Data analysis method used is multiple linear regression method. The results showed that the size of the board of directors had a positive effect on financial performance. The leverage variable has a negative effect on financial performance. While the size of the company has no effect on financial performance. The benefits of this study are as a reference for further research. Besides that, it can be used as a management guideline in analyzing the company's financial performance.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2016-2018
Authors: Pardiastuti Pratiwi , Samrotun Yuli Chomsatu , Fajri Rosa Nikmatul
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence value company (PBV) which includes dividend policy (DPR), company size (SIZE), capital structure (DER), liquidity (CR), and profitability (ROA). The population in this study  is a manufacturing company in the consumer goods industry sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2016-2018. The sampling technique uses the method purposive sampling, so we obtained a sample of 18 companies. Type quantitative research. Data sources in the form of secondary data. Data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that partially dividend policy (DPR), capital structure (DER) and profitability (ROA) affect on value company (PBV). While the size of the company (SIZE) and liquidity (CR) has no affect on value company (PBV).
Metodología Algorítmica para el Diseño Inherentemente Seguro de Planta
Authors: Orellano Santiago , Rodríguez Néstor Hugo , Scenna Nicolás José
Published: August 2020

Los principios del diseño inherentemente seguro imponen la consideración del riesgo desde etapas tempranas del diseño. La consideración del mismo generalmente es realizada en las últimas etapas, independientemente de la optimización de layout, aun cuando existe una estrecha relación entre ambas. En este trabajo se aborda dicha problemática, proponiéndose modelos de programación mixta entera lineal (MILP) con el objetivo de optimizar la distribución del layout general de planta y una posible estrategia para vincular la síntesis de la playa de almacenamiento de sustancias combustibles.

Se utiliza una estrategia jerárquica y secuencial para la contemplación de un elevado número de unidades de proceso considerando las limitaciones actuales de los métodos determinísticos para tal fin.

Se aplica el procedimiento a un caso de estudio particular, la optimización del layout de una planta de biodiesel incluyendo la optimización rigurosa de la playa de tanques de metanol.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of polyunsaturated fatty acids efficacy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Piróg-Balcerzak Agnieszka M. , Bażyńska Anna K. , Biernacka Katarzyna , Brągoszewska Joanna , Popek Lidia , Remberk Barbara , Orlecka Natalia , Rybakowski Filip
Published: August 2020

Objective. Omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were tested in adolescent depression and in several neurodevelopmental disorders with partial success. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by deficiencies in fatty food intake and frequent comorbidity, including depressive and cognitive symptoms. Thus supplementation with PUFAs may be beneficial in this group of patients. The aim of the study was to assess whether PUFAs as an add-on treatment is associated with better improvement of body mass index (BMI) and psychopathological symptoms than placebo in patients with AN.

Method. 61 female adolescent inpatients with AN were randomly allocated to omega–3 PUFAs supplementation or placebo for 10 weeks. Patients also participated in the behavioural programme and eclectic psychotherapy (treatment as usual, TAU). At baseline and follow-up visits, patients’ BMI and psychopathology were assessed with Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), Patient Global Impression Scale (PGI), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26).

Results. After 10 weeks, both groups showed improvement in all parameters. Improvement in CGI scores was observed greater in placebo vs. PUFA-s group (p = 0.015) while other differences were not statistically significant. Omega–3 PUFAs supplementation appears not to be effective as an add-on treatment in inpatient adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa.

Conclusions. The results should be analysed with caution due to small sample size and heterogeneity in TAU. As the TAU turned out to be highly effective, additional therapeutic effect of PUFA might not be visible. Nevertheless, that does not explain the tendency for better improvement in the placebo group.
Body size data collected non-invasively from drone images indicate a morphologically distinct Chilean blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) taxon
Authors: Leslie MS , Perkins-Taylor CM , Durban JW , Moore MJ , Miller CA , Chanarat P , Bahamonde P , Chiang G , Apprill A
Published: August 2020

The blue whaleBalaenoptera musculus(Linnaeus, 1758) was the target of intense commercial whaling in the 20thcentury, and current populations remain drastically below pre-whaling abundances. Reducing uncertainty in subspecific taxonomy would enable targeted conservation strategies for the recovery of unique intraspecific diversity. Currently, there are 2 named blue whale subspecies in the temperate to polar Southern Hemisphere: the Antarctic blue whaleB. m. intermediaand the pygmy blue whaleB. m. brevicauda. These subspecies have distinct morphologies, genetics, and acoustics. In 2019, the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy agreed that evidence supports a third (and presently unnamed) subspecies of Southern Hemisphere blue whale subspecies, the Chilean blue whale. Whaling data indicate that the Chilean blue whale is intermediate in body length between pygmy and Antarctic blue whales. We collected body size data from blue whales in the Gulfo Corcovado, Chile, during the austral summers of 2015 and 2017 using aerial photogrammetry from a remotely controlled drone to test the hypothesis that the Chilean blue whale is morphologically distinct from other Southern Hemisphere blue whale subspecies. We found the Chilean whale to be morphologically intermediate in both overall body length and relative tail length, thereby joining other diverse data in supporting the Chilean blue whale as a unique subspecific taxon. Additional photogrammetry studies of Antarctic, pygmy, and Chilean blue whales will help examine unique morphological variation within this species of conservation concern. To our knowledge, this is the first non-invasive small drone study to test a hypothesis for systematic biology.
The Riot of the Literal
Authors: Ty M.
Published: August 2020

When Hortense Spillers speaks of ‘the hieroglyphics of the flesh’, she closes in on the lethally generative coincidence between racialized violence and symbolic production. Reading backward from her essay's last words, in which she incites an emergent praxis of naming, this study of ‘Mama's Baby, Papa's Maybe’ moves with attention to the unsettling of figure and ground that Spillers's writing induces. In doing so, I draw out her insights into theoretical abstraction's complicity in extracting value from colonial slavery's dispossessing mark on black flesh. Kazimir Malevich's Black Square models this dynamic, insofar as the dereliction of those who are epidermally marked grounds, in eclipse, the freedom of ostensibly non-racial abstraction. For Spillers, a corresponding differential between the figural and literal becomes a site of intervention for discomposing grammars that codify asymmetrical laws of use, such that the forcible inscription of non-whites serves instrumentally as raw material for the predication of ‘Human’ meaning. Spillers's disruption of the tropological offers an occasion for working through theory's ‘death’ as a problematic re-centered on the intransigence of flesh to theoretical reflection; and, further, points the way to a feminist practice of reading, living, and dying that does not forsake racialised literality.
Constructing Reliable Computing Environments on Top of Amazon EC2 Spot Instances
Authors: Sampaio Altino M. , Barbosa Jorge G.
Published: August 2020

Cloud provider Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) gives access to resources in the form of virtual servers, also known as instances. EC2 spot instances (SIs) offer spare computational capacity at steep discounts compared to reliable and fixed price on-demand instances. The drawback, however, is that the delay in acquiring spots can be incredible high. Moreover, SIs may not always be available as they can be reclaimed by EC2 at any given time, with a two-minute interruption notice. In this paper, we propose a multi-workflow scheduling algorithm, allied with a container migration-based mechanism, to dynamically construct and readjust virtual clusters on top of non-reserved EC2 pricing model instances. Our solution leverages recent findings on performance and behavior characteristics of EC2 spots. We conducted simulations by submitting real-life workflow applications, constrained by user-defined deadline and budget quality of service (QoS) parameters. The results indicate that our solution improves the rate of completed tasks by almost 20%, and the rate of completed workflows by at least 30%, compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms, for a worse-case scenario.
Plant Model-Based Fault Detection during Aircraft Takeoff Using Non-Deterministic Finite-State Automata
Authors: Settele Ferdinand , Weber Alexander , Knoll Alexander
Published: August 2020

In this note, the application of a plant model-based fault detection method for nonlinear control systems on aircraft takeoff is introduced. This method utilizes non-deterministic finite-state automata, which approximate the fault-free dynamics of the plant. The aforementioned automaton is computed in a preliminary step while during evolution of the plant the automaton is continually evaluated to detect discrepancies between the actual and the nominal dynamics. In this way the fault detection module itself can be implemented on simpler hardware on board of the plant. Moreover, an implementation technique is presented that allows the use of the proposed fault detection method when the plant dynamics is given only by means of a graphical programming script. The great potential and practicality of the used method are demonstrated on a simulated takeoff manoeuvre of a battery-electrically driven aircraft.
Nitrogen Utilization from Ammonium Nitrate and Urea Fertilizer by Irrigated Sugarcane in Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol
Authors: Furtado da Silva Nelmício , Cabral da Silva Edson , Muraoka Takashi , Batista Teixeira Marconi , Antonio Loureiro Soares Frederico , Nobre Cunha Fernando , Adu-Gyamfi Joseph , Cavalcante Wendson Soares da Silva
Published: August 2020

Sugarcane is the most promising among renewable biofuel-producing crops. An adequate availability of water and nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), is of utmost importance. From the hypothesis that the source and the rate of N fertilization influence the N use efficiency of an irrigated soil–sugarcane system, this study aimed to evaluate the stalk and crop residues (pointer and leaves) yield, as well as the N utilization, from different rates of ammonium nitrate and urea by irrigated sugarcane in the cane plant cycle, using an 15N isotopic dilution technique. The soil used for the experiment was an Oxisol (Rhodic Haplustox) Cerrado (savannah) phase. The experiment was carried out at a farm of the Raízen Mill, which was located in the municipality of Jataí, Goias State, Brazil. The sugarcane variety IACSP95–5000 was used in a randomized block design, with three replicates, four N rates (30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1), and two fertilizer sources labeled with 15N isotopes (urea and ammonium nitrate). The average value for N utilization was 60.17% for the ammonium nitrate source and 44.95% for urea. The responses in the percentage and quantity of N in the sugarcane from the fertilizer increase with the increasing N rate. The soil was the main N source for sugarcane. The higher stalk and pointer yield was recorded at the average rate of 143.61 kg N ha−1. Further studies are needed to evaluate the residual effect of N in the next cycles.
Comparisons of Pre-Sale Strategies for a Fresh Agri-Product Supply Chain with Service Effort
Authors: Zhang Huanyong , Xu Huiyuan , Pu Xujin
Published: August 2020

Preselling strategies have been a common marketing tool, but research on this selection is limited. Thus, we examine three pre-sale strategies of a manufacturer who produces and sells a seasonal product to a retailer: (1) supplier pre-sale strategy—the supplier carries out preselling by opening a direct channel; (2) retailer pre-sale strategy—the retailer purchases pre-sale products from the supplier and sells them in online and offline channels; and (3) joint pre-sale strategy—the retailer acts as a pre-sale platform, providing order information and pre-sale services. For each preselling mode, we construct the Stackelberg game model aiming to maximize profits and obtain optimal service levels and pricing decisions. We find that the two latter scenarios, that is, to cooperate with the retailer (retailer pre-sale and joint pre-sale strategies), could highly gain more profit for the supplier compared with the former. For the supplier, the joint pre-sale strategy will likely be the dominant strategy because of its wide-range applicability. On the contrary, the retailer is swaying between retailer pre-sale and joint pre-sale strategies under different conditions. For the supplier, leadership always guarantees a high profit, but if the joint pre-sale strategy is adopted, then the existence of a profit-sharing ratio will narrow the profit gap between the two players.
Feasibility of Vermicomposting of Spent Coffee Grounds and Silverskin from Coffee Industries: A Laboratory Study
Authors: González-Moreno M.A. , García Gracianteparaluceta B. , Marcelino Sádaba S. , Zaratiegui Urdin J. , Robles Domínguez E. , Pérez Ezcurdia M.A. , Seco Meneses A.
Published: August 2020

In the coffee industry, several by-products are generated during the production and consumption of coffee and represent an important waste from an environmental viewpoint. For improving the knowledge about this issue, a laboratory vermicomposting study of coffee silverskin (CS) and spent coffee grounds (SCG) spiked with mature horse manure (HM) in different proportions and using earthworm Eisenia andrei was carried out. The 60-day study focused on biological parameters such as total biomass gain, growth rate, cocoon production, and mortality. This study also investigated whether the vermicompost obtained could be useful and lacked toxicity through a seed germination test using hybrid wheat seeds. Results showed a disparity depending on the type of residue and the mixture used. Best options were those treatments with a medium–low amount of residue; 25% for SCG and 25% or 50% for CS. In addition, lack of toxicity was confirmed in all treatments. In conclusion, it is possible to carry out a vermicomposting of SCG and CS with some specific features.
Behavioural Patterns and Postnatal Development in Pups of the Asian Parti-Coloured Bat, Vespertilio sinensis
Authors: Sun Deyi , Li Yu , Yin Zhongwei , Zhang Kangkang , Liu Heng , Liu Ying , Feng Jiang
Published: August 2020

Behavioural development is an important aspect of research on animal behaviour. In bats, many studies have been conducted on the development of flight behaviour, but the postnatal behavioural development of bats remains largely unexplored. We studied the behaviours and postnatal development of infant bats by conducting controlled video recorded experiments. Our results showed that before weaning, Asian parti-coloured bats (Vespertilio sinensis) were able to exhibit four types of behaviours, namely, crawling, head moving, wing flapping, and wing spreading, and these behaviours are different from those observed in experiments with adult bats. The number of occurrences of these behaviours was correlated with age and scaled mass index. Furthermore, the number of occurrences of these behaviours in young bats could also reflect their physical developmental status. In young bats, wing flapping and spreading might be a type of play behaviour. These behaviours were negatively correlated with the time of the first flight, indicating that they might help to promote individual physical development. Our results provide fundamental data for revealing the ontogenetic and neurophysiological mechanisms of behavioural development in bats.