bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying matrix divide in APL and J
Authors: Thomson Norman
Published: January 2007

This paper shows two generalisations of the APL2 domino function. Domino has two roles, first the solution of non-degenerate systems of linear equations, and secondly the estimation of linear least squares fits. There is an inherent duality between these, since the first consists of finding a series of x-values to fit a set of fixed c's (coefficients), whereas the second consists of finding a series of c's to fit a set of fixed x- and y-values. This duality is exploited in extending both roles of domino using Newton-Raphson iteration to find roots of non-linear systems on the one hand, and to perform non-linear curve fitting on the other. The nature of the problem is such that it is natural to write APL2 solutions using operators rather than functions, and in each case a corresponding J solution is given. Further simple idioms involving domino give the consequent fitted values and Analysis of Variance calculations. The paper concludes with a compact tool-kit showing in parallel columns both the APL2 and J codes needed to achieve these extensions. The brevity of the J code speaks for itself.
Guided self-development
Authors: Ferratt Thomas W. , Agarwal Ritu
Published: January 2007

Information systems professionals typically possess significant knowledge and experience in the technical aspects of their jobs, rooted both in formal education and on-the-job practice. As these workers make the transition into managerial positions, they may suffer from a lack of needed management knowledge and skills. The usual approaches to management education -- seminars and on-the-job training -- have serious limitations. This article describes an alternative innovative method for delivering management education: guided self-development, which builds upon the strengths and avoids the weaknesses of the usual approaches. In addition, this article suggests a framework for evaluating outcomes from participating in a guided self-development program. The intended outcomes are to positively affect the participant's cognitive and behavioral knowledge and skills as they relate to managing people. Experience with implementing such a guided self-development program as a university course offering for supervisors of information systems professionals is described. Measured outcomes and feedback received from participants suggest that the approach is worthy of further field examination. Suggestions for future research related to the concept of guided self-development and for implementations of the program in university and organizational settings are offered.
Computer ethics
Authors: Henry John W. , Pierce Margaret Anne
Published: January 2007

Ethical decision related to computer technology and computer use are made based upon one's personal code of ethics, the informal code that exists in the work place, and formal company codes. These codes as well as factors influencing these codes were explored in terms of a decision-making model. Practical implications of the model are important for educators, organizations, and personnel using computers and computer technology.
Computer analysis of multi-port operation using analogue variables
Authors: Giacoletto L. J.
Published: January 2007

The full capabilities of electrical circuit analysis programs can be utilized in evaluating the performance of multi-port systems by defining analogous conjugate port variables. These variables represent intensive (across) and extensive (through) variables such that their product represents a universal system quantity such as energy or power. A three-port electro-mechanical-thermal system is used as an example. This system consists of a full-wave rectifier circuit driving a permanent-magnet DC motor. Mechanically, the motor is represented by inertia, friction, stiction (breakaway friction), step-up speed gear and a nonlinear fan load. The thermal equivalent circuit tracks the thermal behavior in time and includes thermal resistance, thermal capacitance and thermal power sources.
Book reivew: Qualitative Motion Understanding by Wilhelm Burger and Bit Bhanu (Kluwer Academic Publishers 1992)
Authors: Gordon Gerald Leonard
Published: January 2007

This book is a summary of a research project sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in service of one of its great challenges: creating an autonomous land vehicle (ALV). This book reports on the computer vision problems associated with having an ALV interpret the scene as it moves through its environment. The main problems addressed by this work are to separate the moving objects from the stationary objects in the scene (as the ALV moves) and to detect how the moving objects are moving with respect to the ALV.
Book review: Knowledge Negotiation Edited by Rod Moyse and Mark Elsom-Cook (Academic Press, 1992)
Authors: Page Carl V.
Published: January 2007

This book deals with communication processes between students and intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) that iteratively adjust the content and manner of presentation. The book is somewhat of a sequel to the book "Guided Discovery Tutoring" edited by Elsom-Cook in 1990. Knowledge negotiation is seen as necessary for guided discovery. Knowledge negotiation encompasses the processing of the dialog between the system as guide and the student as explorer while both pursue their agendas. The editors have selected authors from Europe and Canada to explore different facets of the concept of knowledge negotiation. The book takes a deeper look at some issues of knowledge communication between student and tutoring systems from Wenger [1987], viewing the issue as negotiation processes, both implicit and explicit. A pervasive goal of the prototype and preprototype educational systems described is to design human-machine interfaces that do not treat people autocratically.
Getting to the “core” of the matter
Authors: Gasen Jean
Published: January 2007

Those of us who already teach HCI know its value. We have long since convinced ourselves that user oriented methods and perspectives must be an integral part of what we teach. Although no one yet agrees on a single approach for how this should be done we are, nonetheless, committed to the same outcome -- to develop graduates who can design systems that best fit users' needs and contexts. At meetings such as CHI, we get together and share information on what and how we teach HCI. It is exciting to network with others and find we are not alone. We concur that HCI content is the key to the courses we teach.
A taxonomy for developing high impact formative usability evaluation methods
Authors: Hix Deborah , Hartson H. Rex , Nielsen Jakob
Published: January 2007

On Sunday, 24 April 1994, at the CHI'94 Conference in Boston, a workshop was held to begin development of a taxonomy for producing high impact formative usability evaluation methods. Numerous methods are emerging for formative usability evaluation, including heuristic evaluation, iterative refinement, and other approaches to usability engineering. But these methods have well-known limitations. Many are applicable only to a narrow range of interface types and have not been tried on innovative, non-routine interfaces. Almost all methods are time consuming and personnel intensive.
The challenges of 3D interaction
Authors: Herndon Kenneth P. , van Dam Andries , Gleicher Michael
Published: January 2007

3D computer graphics is becoming more and more popular due to the increased availability of 3D hardware and software on all classes of computers. However, despite this growing popularity and the existence of a number of successful 3D graphics applications, particularly in CAD, CAE, and medical and scientific visualization, the field is still very immature, There are no widely accepted standards for hardware or software platforms; learning to implement or use 3D graphics software is still extremely laborious; and the most effective ways for humans to interact with synthetic 3D environments are still not clear.
Putting task analysis into context
Authors: Edmondson William H. , Meech John F.
Published: January 2007

In this paper we propose to open a discussion on the purpose of task analysis from the perspective of interface and interaction design. Our reason for doing this is that we are particularly interested in the concept of context and the way in which this concept may be used to shape techniques of task analysis. We argue that the concept of 'context' is most profitably understood as the
process of contextualization
and a framework is presented which shows how the process of contextualization operates in different interaction styles to serve the user's needs. Further, it is shown how understanding of contextualization enables the designer to reduce the complexity of an interface. The benefit of this perspective is that it clarifies shortcomings in current understanding of the role of task analysis.
Parallel proximity detection and the distribution list algorithm
Authors: Steinman Jeff S. , Wieland Frederick
Published: January 2007

Generalized proximity detection for moving objects in a logically correct parallel discrete-event simulation is an interesting and fundamentally challenging problem. Determining
who can see whom
in a manner that is fully scalable in terms of CPU usage, number of messages, and memory requirements is highly non-trivial.

A new scalable approach has been developed to solve this problem. This algorithm, called
The Distribution List
, has been designed and tested using the object-oriented
Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and Discrete-Event Simulation
(SPEEDES) operating system. Preliminary results show that the Distribution List algorithm achieves excellent parallel performance.
Parallel independent replicated simulation on a network of workstations
Authors: Lin Yi-Bing
Published: January 2007

Parallel independent replicated simulation (PIRS) is an effective approach to speed up the simulation processes. In a PIRS, a single simulation run is executed by multiple computers in parallel. The statistical properties for a PIRS may be affected by the scheduling policies. For an unbiased PIRS scheduling policy, a reliable distributed computing environment is required. We consider an unbiased PIRS scheduling policy on a distributed platform such as a network of workstations. We observe that including more computing resources may degrade the performance of PIRS. Simple rules are proposed to select processors for PIRS.
Maya: a simulation platform for distributed shared memories
Authors: Agrawal Divyakant , Choy Manhoi , Va Leong Hong , Singh Ambuj K.
Published: January 2007

Maya is a simulation platform for evaluating the performance of parallel programs on parallel architectures. It allows the rapid prototyping of memory protocols with varying degrees of coherence and facilitates the study of the impact of these protocols on application programs. The design of Maya and its simulation mechanism are discussed. Performance results on architectural simulation with different memory coherence protocols are presented. Parallel discrete event simulation techniques are adopted for the execution-driven simulation of parallel architectures.
The impact of VLSI on microprogramming
Authors: Tredennick N.
Published: January 2007

There are four “cultures” of microprogramming: the Bit-Slice Culture, the Commercial Processor Culture, the Microprogrammable Processor Culture, and the Single-Chip Culture. The effect of trends in VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) on microprogramming can be assessed by looking the effect on each culture. The Bit-Slice Culture will be affected because levels of integration in bipolar have reached 32-bit slices and the performance of CMOS is improving to compete with the dominant bipolar technologies in these applications. The Commercial Processor Culture and the Microprogrammable Processor Culture will be least affected by changes in Technology and integration levels. The Single-Chip Culture will be most affected. There are about two more microprocessor generations to go before chips contain an essentially complete CPU. After that, designs will diversify. Microprogramming still has a good future.
Microcode development tools for a capability-based processor
Authors: Rosenberg J. , Abramson D. A.
Published: January 2007

The MONADS-PC System is a capability-based computer constructed around a microprogrammed processor designed and implemented at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. This paper describes a set of tools developed as part of this project in order to simplify the implementation and testing of the microcode and to ensure consistency between the microcode and macro-level machine instruction set. Although some of these tools are at present machine specific, the paper demonstrates that they could be generalised into a flexible microcode development system.
MIDETT: Microprogrammed-system design technique and tools
Authors: Annunziata M. , Lisca L. , Sechi G. R.
Published: January 2007

This paper presents a design technique for computational systems based on the concepts of Model, Abstraction, and Simulation. This technique, developed and evaluated especially in Real Time System applications, is particularly useful to design hierarchical multiprocessor microprogrammed systems. A set of tools and facilities for designing and building the system is also shown.
A microcode-based environment for noninvasive performance analysis
Authors: Melvin S. W. , Patt Y. N.
Published: January 2007

We have developed an environment which allows us to collect data for performance analysis by modifying the microcode of a VAX 8600. This use of microprogramming permits data to be collected with minimal system perturbation (i.e. the data is almost as good as that obtained with a hardware monitor) but at the cost and with the ease of use of a software simulator. In this paper we describe the environment that we have developed and present two examples of its use. The first example, procedure call instrumentation, illustrates a technique for gathering data on how certain architectural features are used. The second example, instruction tracing, illustrates a technique for collecting data that can then be used in trace—driven simulation.
Update on the HCI Education Survey
Authors: Gasen Jean B. , Perlman Gary , Attaya-Kelo Michelle
Published: January 2007

The HCI Education Survey was originally designed to collect and maintain a databse of information on courses, faculty and programs that focus on Human Computer Interaction in higher education. The database was intended to provide prospective students (particularly graduate students) information about educational opportunities, and secondarily, to provide HCI educators information about other HCI educators. The survey also was designed to be accessed and updated in electronic form. It was based upon a review of other surveys (Ferguson, 1989; Human Factors Society, 1991; Mantei & Smelcer, 1984; Software Engineering Institute, 1991) and field-testing.
How can human and design sciences cooperate in CSCW?
Authors: Waern Yvonne
Published: January 2007

The goal of the workshop was to collect and analyze ideas on how human and design sciences may cooperate to benefit the development of CSCW research.
UPA93
Authors: Nielsen Jakob
Published: January 2007

The second annual UPA conference sponsored by the Usability Professionals Association was hosted by Microsoft on their well-groomed corporate campus outside of Seattle. Having the conference at an actual member company site continued the tradition started by the first conference which was hosted by WordPerfect in Utah. I highly appreciated the opportunity to see the environment in which so much software is produced and where the everyday activities of the usability professionals take place. Most conferences are in big hotels or convention centers, but one Hyatt is much like the next Hilton or Sheraton--at least compared to the differences between the environments at Microsoft, WordPerfect, and here at home at Bellcore.
Developing a natural language interface for the UNIX operating system
Authors: Manaris Bill Z. , Pritchard Jason W. , Dominick Wayne D.
Published: January 2007

Traditional operating system command languages have been shown to cause significant loss of productivity to novice and intermediate computer users when compared with alternative modes of interaction such as direct manipulation, menu selection, and natural language communication. Within the last decade, significant advances in the areas of direct manipulation and menu selection have resulted in the development of user interface management systems. These systems consist of tools for the specification, design, evaluation, and run-time support of graphical user interfaces. Our work extends the domain of user interface management systems to include development of restricted natural language interfaces to operating systems.This report discusses the use of the NALIGE user interface management system int he development of a natural language interface for the Unix operating system. Specifically, the task of developing such an interface is reduced to producing a set of well-formed specifications which describe lexical, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of the selected application domain. These specifications are used by NALIGE to construct an autonomous natural language interface which exhibits the desired linguistic and functional behavior.
The kitchen interface—a lateral approach to GUI
Authors: Langford Duncan , Jones Ceinwen
Published: January 2007

Current computer systems employing graphical user interfaces (GUIs) share an office-based series of metaphors. The reason for this may well be that computing, for many years the preserve of government and business, has naturally reflected their needs in its development history. When the time came to choose a graphical metaphor, it was perhaps inevitable that an office was selected.In recent years the advent of smaller, cheaper computers has brought a larger and more heterogeneous market. Not all potential users now possess the office experience upon which depends the 'desktop' metaphor developed by Xerox PARC, and exploited by Apple and others.We contend the time has come for another metaphor to be employed, this time drawing upon wider human experience.Virtually all potential users of a computer have at some time prepared food. We therefore suggest the design and implementation of a GUI we have called a
Kitchen Interface
('KI'), which is described in this paper.
A formal approach to the evaluation of interactive systems
Authors: Paterno Fabio
Published: January 2007

In this paper we describe an approach whose main purpose is to identify and formalise concepts which are useful in the evaluation work of designers of Interactive Systems. Usually designers have to decide architectural and interactional solutions for supporting users' tasks. Architectural solutions identify the basic components of the considered system and their relationships. Interactional solutions define the sequences of users' actions and system feedback which they want to make available for the users.
Book review: Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming. Volume 1. Logical Foundations. Edited by Dov M. Gabbay, C. J. Hogger, and J. A. Robinson (Claredon Press, Oxford, 1993 )
Authors: Kreinovich Vladik
Published: January 2007

One of the main goals of Artificial Intelligence is to design programs (automatic systems) capable of reasoning. It is therefore natural that many of these systems use
logic,
i.e., a well-formalized part of human reasoning. There are different opinions in the AI community on the importance of logic: John McCarthy pioneered the approach in which logic is the main tool, while some other researchers put more hope into domain-specific heuristics, expert's knowledge, simulating physiology (like neural networks), etc. However, most AI researchers, even those who do not consider logic the main basis for AI, agree that logic
is
important for AI. This book is the first volume of a series that presents logic to AI researchers, with an emphasis on those parts of logic that are applicable and useful to AI.
Artificial intelligence as the liberal arts of computer science
Authors: Spector Lee
Published: January 2007

I suggest that artificial intelligence be presented as a broad, interdisciplinary, humanistic area of study taught through several courses. I suggest avoiding problem sets, examinations, and other elements of engineering pedagogy; I advocate curriculum structures that encourage original student research, self-directed programming projects, and the development of connections between diverse topic areas. This short paper describes a "liberal arts" approach to introductory artificial intelligence education and the implementation of this approach in the cognitive science program at Hampshire College.
Evolutionary artificial intelligence
Authors: Nilsson Nils J.
Published: January 2007

Several challenges confront the organizer of an introductory course in artificial intelligence (AI). First, one has to decide what subject matter to include. The union of everything in all of the popular AI textbooks is much too large, and the intersection undoubtedly won't include enough of what the organizer thinks important. The second challenge is how to blend the selected topics into a coherent whole. The third involves matters such as problem sets, programming exercises, laboratory work, case studies, and collateral readings. Finally, one must decide on the main purpose of the course: is it to teach AI techniques and skills, or is it to study AI's intellectual content, perhaps presenting related topics in psychology and philosophy? In this note we concentrate on the first and second of these topics---how to present a coherent view of the core subject matter of AI.
A comparative analysis of partial order planning and task reduction planning
Authors: Kambhampati Subbarao
Published: January 2007

Although task reduction (HTN) planning historically preceded partial order (PO) planning, and is believed to be more general than the latter, very little comparative analysis of the two planning formalisms has been done. Part of the reason for this has been the lack of systematic understanding of the functionalities provided by HTN planning over and above that of partial order planning. In this paper I will describe a generalized algorithm template for partial order planning based on refinement search, and extend it to cover HTN planning. I will use this framework as a basis to (
i
) discuss the similarities and differences between the HTN and the partial order planning methods, (
ii
) critically examine the claims regarding the efficiency and expressiveness of HTN planning, and (
iii
) shed light on several of the less understood features of HTN planning.
Height as a coefficient bound for univariate polynomial factors, part II
Authors: Liu Zhuojun , Wang Paul S.
Published: January 2007

Consider any degree-n polynomial
u
(
x
) ∈
Z
[
x
] that is
square-free
and
a

n

* an
a
0
≠ 0. An efficient algorithm is given to test if
u
(
x
) is ring-ordinary. Let[EQUATION]
Evaluation of human computer interfaces
Authors: Hirschman Lynette , Cuomo Donna
Published: January 2007

This report summarizes a two and a half day workshop sponsored by Dr. Craig Wier, Program Manager for the ARPA HCI program and organized and chaired by the authors (both of MITRE Corporation). The workshop took place from March 30 through April 1, 1994 at the MITRE Corporation in Bedford, Massachusetts.
Launching the usability approach
Authors: Koivunen Marja-Riitta , Nieminen Marko , Riihiaho Sirpa
Published: January 2007

This article describes how the usability approach was introduced into Finnish companies and to computer science students by combining teaching and real cases from companies. Two courses were developed where usability study projects were part of the usability education. The courses not only taught the evaluation methods but also radically changed the students' attitudes towards usability.
Analyzing and communicating usability data
Authors: Nayak Nandini P. , Mrazek Debbie , Smith David R.
Published: January 2007

At the CHI '94 Workshop: "Analyzing and Communicating Usability Data", usability researchers and practitioners gathered to discuss how usability data should be collected, analyzed, and communicated to help ensure the design and development of usable products. This workshop was motivated by the challenges CHI practitioners have encountered in analyzing and communicating data despite the widespread availability of a variety of usability tools. Workshop activities included brief presentations, small group discussions, and rating exercises that involved evaluating analysis and communication techniques discussed during the workshop. Some of the questions addressed during the workshop included: what makes analysis and communication techniques effective, what are the advantages and disadvantages of team involvement in data gathering, analysis, and communication, and what is the best way to use video? Most participants believed involving design teams in data gathering as well as analysis, observing users in real time, developing the negotiation and social skills of usability practitioners, and the use of narrative as a representation of user-artifact interaction were all valuable approaches to the design and development of usable products. This article describes the activities and findings of the workshop participants in more detail.
Requisite technical skills for technical support analysts
Authors: Jiang James J. , Klein Gary
Published: January 2007

Technical skills are critical for computer related professions. Specific skills will often vary by job classification and may vary over time as new technology is developed and adopted. An understanding of skills for a given profession can be used to advantage by companies and educators in planning for future requirements and opportunities. The research reported in this paper examines twenty technical skills required of technical support analysts and system analysts. A survey questions a sample in both professions to determine the perceived importance of the different skills. The results confirm previous studies on skills required of system analysts and show that they differ from those required of technical support analysts. Both professions perceive hardware, communication, and software skills as being important while their perceptions differ on database and advanced application skills. Career training and hiring decisions would perhaps be improved by taking these differences into account.
Deploying complex decision technologies with APL to solve the daily output planning problem
Authors: Fordyce Kenneth , Sullivan Gerald Gary
Published: January 2007

A key decision faced each day, shift, or time period at a semiconductor manufacturing facility is how many wafers or lots it should commit to produce at each operation over a specified period of time to meet immediate demand and position the line to meet tomorrow's demand. This paper will describe an approach which integrates various decision technologies using APL to generate a “daily output plan” for low part number high volume wafer fabrication lines. A related approach for high part number logic lines using due dates is not described in this paper. The ability of the “APL Problem Solving environment” to easily handle very different decision technologies was critical to the development of this approach.
Bounded rationality and adaptive agents in economic modeling
Authors: Grimm T. , Mitlöhner J. , Schönfeldinger W.
Published: January 2007

Traditional economic theory sees human economic decisions as rational choices of action to achieve maximum utility. However, economic reality shows that people often behave in ways different from that ideal: actions are not always determined rationally; often they are influenced by other factors, such as chance and tradition. In order to describe the behaviour of economic agents in the real world, we take irrationality and adaptation into account: we present work in progress on a market simulation that shows the effects of partly irrational and adaptive consumer buying decisions on the course of action of entrepreneurs.
Doing ANOVA calculations on the computer
Authors: Sykes Alan M.
Published: January 2007

This paper presents an approach to providing educational software for students in Management Science and Statistics which aids the calculations and understanding required for the analysis of experimental design data.
An APL implementation of the Club of Rome's world model
Authors: Townsend Clare
Published: January 2007

This paper discusses an application which models world population dynamics using initial value differential equations. The program provides the user with a simple interface that anyone with any level of experience with APL can use to generate different scenarios. In addition, the discoveries and difficulties encountered by a student using APL for the first time are explored.
Book review: The Garden in the Machine: The Emerging Science of Artificial Life by Claus Emmeche (Princeton University Press, 1994)
Authors: Van Dyke Parunak H.
Published: January 2007

The jacket on Emmeche's volume describes it as "a popular-science book" and "a wide-ranging survey" on artificial life (ALife), and thus invites comparison with Steven Levy's classic "Artificial Life: The Quest for a New Creation" [New York: Pantheon, 1992] or Kevin Kelly's avant-garde "Out of Control: The Rise of Neo-Biological Civilization" [Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1994]. In fact, it is technically less detailed than either of these works, offers almost none of the historical background that they provide, and does not share their posture of unabashed enthusiasm for the field. Instead, it seeks to characterize ALife philosophically, and to understand the relation between ALife and biology, the discipline in which its author is a recognized Danish researcher. The book is a translation from a Danish original, and tends to focus attention on European work in both science and philosophy. Readers who want a high-level technical overview of the field will be better served by Levy or Kelly. Emmeche is likely to be of more interest among researchers with some experience in ALife, where he can be expected to stir up controversy and challenge accepted ideas.
Book review: Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Applications in C/C++ by Stephen T. Welstead (John Wiley & Sons 1994)
Authors: Monfroglio Angelo
Published: January 2007

Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Applications in C/C
++ is an excellent handbook. It gives everyone, college students, experienced neural network researchers, and programmers, the basic conceptual and practical tools to actually design neural network and fuzzy logic programs for real-world scientific, engineering, and financial applications. The enclosed diskette in IBM-compatible, MS-DOS format contains both executables and C/C++ source code for complete and ready-to-run graphical applications. To edit and recompile the source code, you need the well-known Borland C/C++ package (version 3.1). If graphics are desired, Turbo Vision (included in Borland C++) is needed; if graphics are not required, only standard C compilers for any machine are necessary.
The introductory undergraduate AI course as observed on WWW
Authors: Ingargiola Giorgio P. , Wilson Judith D.
Published: January 2007

Most people who have taught the introductory undergraduate course in Artificial Intelligence agree that it is a difficult course to teach well. Recently attention has been directed to achieving a better understanding of the objectives, prerequisites, themes, pedagogic methodologies, topics, and support resources for this course [1]. Also, recently a number of professors who teach the course, acting independently have created and made available on the World Wide Web (WWW) simple Course Support Environments (CSEs) which include both pedagogic and administrative information.
Higher order objects in pure object-oriented languages
Authors: Kühne Thomas
Published: January 2007

In this paper we present a method of directly translating higher order functions from functional programs into object-oriented programs. We show how to pass methods to generalized algorithms in pure object-oriented languages without extending the language. The translation allows partial parameterization, including currying, and conforms to strong typing. Finally we compare our method with conventional object-oriented approaches in terms of locality and reusability.
How to make a recoverable server by synchronization code inheriting
Authors: Romanovsky A.
Published: January 2007

We consider the practical problem of facilitating the re-design of the servers implemented in concurrent OO languages in such a way that these new servers will be recoverable. On the one hand, any ad hoc approaches to this re-design can be quite error prone. On the other hand, it would be important to reuse the most part of the initial servers' code. That is why we are trying to find quite a routine way to change a server behaviour by inheriting from its initial super class. We use the last achievements in the field of inheriting synchronization code to solve this problem. It is not a paper about new features for COOLs but this is a paper about how new features of COOLs can be used in one specific field: fault tolerance of concurrent systems.
An algebra approach to the deduction of data flow diagrams and object oriented diagrams from a set of specifications
Authors: Vazquez Federico
Published: January 2007

The Software Engineering processes usually lack formal mathematical foundations. This paper presents a formal approach for the development of Specifications, Data Flow Diagrams and Object Oriented Diagrams using algebraic theory. The use of algebraic theory allows the check for completeness and consistency and the generation of automatic procedures for translating specifications into Data Flow Diagrams or Object Oriented Diagrams.
Object oriented experiences
Authors: Hunt John
Published: January 2007

I have been involved in developing diagnostic and in particular Failure Mode effects Analysis (FMEA) software
2
using a variety of Object Oriented Languages (CLOS Smalltalk and POP-11 with a set of Flavours like langauge extensions termed POP++). These applications have concentrated on the electrical domain which has traditionally been dominated by Fortran and C.
Visual designer's notes
Authors: Vanags Peter
Published: January 2007

This article reports one visual designer's impressions of the CHI '95 conference, held in Denver, Colorado, from May 7 to 11, 1995. For the readers of this column who are regular conference attendees, I hope to provide glimpses of elements you may have missed. After all, with the frenetic schedule of a CHI conference, what attendee can actually see all they really want to see? And for those of you who were unable to attend this year, especially practitioners in the visual design community who were too busy
designing interfaces
to attend, I hope to give you a feeling for some of the big themes of this year's CHI, both within and outside the conference program, and to point you toward some of the interesting things you missed.For all readers, this article provides some useful pointers to the
CHI '95 Conference Proceedings and the CHI '95 Conference Companion,
for details about the notable papers and other presentations included in the conference program. This year's
Electronic Proceedings and Companion CD-ROM
is particularly complete, containing all the text of the weighty books, as well as accompanying graphics and illustrations, in a format that can be read by any HTML browser on any computer platform.This trip report focuses mostly on visual design related activities at the conference, and as a result isn't a very balanced or comprehensive report of what happened. Rather, this article presents my own selected thoughts and impressions as a sixth-time attendee of the conference and a practicing visual designer in the field of human-computer interaction. I hardly need to add that opinions presented in this article are my own, and do not always jibe with those of my employer, U dot I, Inc.
Getting it across
Authors: Borchers Jan , Deussen Oliver , Knörzer Clemens
Published: January 2007

A clear and appealing screen layout is crucial to the success of on-line kiosk systems, public terminals that are connected to a network. This paper addresses the problem of developing such a layout, and provides several guidelines, drawn from traditional typography and Gestalt psychology as well as from hypertext authoring, and human-computer interaction. To identify how a kiosk system's primary task influences optimal layout, kiosk systems are classified into four basic types. The usability of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) 2.0 and 3.0 to write documents for these systems is discussed, and some alternative existing environments are presented.
An algorithm for speculative parallel execution of rendezvous-synchronized simulation
Authors: Preiss Bruno R.
Published: January 2007

This paper presents an approach for speculative parallel execution of rendezvous-synchronized simulations. Rendezvous-synchronized simulation is based on the notions of processes and gates and on the rendezvous mechanism defined in the basic process algebra of LOTOS—a standard formal specification language for temporal ordering
[2]
. Time is introduced via a mechanism similar to the
delay
behaviour annotation provided by the TOPO toolset
[4-6]
.

The algorithm allows speculative gate activations. This increases the available parallelism while ensuring correct execution of the computation.

The model is used to describe closed stochastic queueing network simulations. Analysis of their execution results suggests that the model makes available a promising degree of parallelism.
Comparative analysis of periodic state saving techniques in time warp simulators
Authors: Fleischmann Josef , Wilsey Philip A.
Published: January 2007

Checkpointing in a time warp synchronized parallel simulator is a necessary and potentially expensive operation. In the simple case, a time warp simulator checkpoints every χ events, for some fixed value χ. For larger values of χ, the simulator requires less overhead for saving the state, but incurs an increased latency during rollback. Thus, the problem is to balance the time to save states against the time to coast forward upon rollback. Unfortunately, a static determination of a optimal value for χ is very difficult and can vary widely, even between closely related instances of a time warp simulator. Furthermore, the optimal checkpoint interval may actually vary over the lifetime of the simulation.

To address these problems, several investigators have proposed dynamically adjusting the checkpoint interval χ as the simulation progresses. This paper analyzes three previous techniques for dynamically sizing checkpoint intervals and presents a new, heuristic algorithm for this purpose. All four techniques are implemented in a common application domain (digital system simulation from VHDL descriptions) and a direct comparison between the algorithms is performed. The results show a significant difference in the performance of the implemented algorithms. However, in virtually all cases, the dynamic algorithms performed near or better than the best static value. Furthermore, the best algorithms performed as much as 12% better than the best static value.
Partitioning for synchronous parallel simulation
Authors: Konas Pavlos , Yew Pen-Chung
Published: January 2007

A new partitioning method for synchronous PDES simulations is proposed. The method exploits characteristics of both the simulation method and of the application domain to arrive at efficient partitionings. A performance study shows that the method outperforms existing partitioning methods in terms of four different performance metrics.
Enz_Kin
Authors: Athar S. S.
Published: January 2007

Educational software forms an integral part of the recent teaching methodologies. A good software not only helps students understand the underlying principles more easily, because of the possibility of personalized attention, but also develops in them a sense of making logical deductions and inferences. Enz_Kin (version 1.0) is a time-dependent animated simulation software for teaching enzyme kinetics developed by the author. It is aimed at sensitizing the students to the processes involved in the enzyme catalyzed reaction with reference to their kinetics only. The software in its preliminary evaluation studies has proven to be a real success as regards the mental perception of the subject matter. It is hoped that proper use of this software as a teaching aid will develop intellectual skills in the students.
Using simulation to aid in the design of an intelligent tutoring systems
Authors: Cushman Pauline K. , Ragade Rammohan K.
Published: January 2007

The design of instructional materials, especially Intelligent Tutoring Systems, is difficult, often because of student differences. Both the time students take to complete such tutorials, and their resulting scores, are dependent upon the length and difficulty level of the material, as well as the expertise of the student. This paper presents a first attempt to utilize the simulation of the student to help in the design of an Intelligent Tutoring System using an object-oriented approach. Simulated students respond to simulated tutorials through simulated interfaces. The object-oriented approach provides an easily adaptable framework for using the results, both in time and student scores, to aid the educator in making difficult design decisions. Statistics from successful simulation runs are presented, along with plans for future study.
APL compilation and interpretation by translating to F83VEC
Authors: Naugle Richard
Published: January 2007

There are many applications where APL would be advantageous, but slowness or excessive memory requirements preclude its use. The remedy which is explored here is translating APL into F83VEC.
The stage one Turing test as an artificial intelligence class exercise
Authors: Tinkham Nancy Lynn , Provine Darren F.
Published: January 2007

This paper describes an implementation of the man-woman Turing test as a class exercise in an artificial intelligence course. The exercise helps students to understand more clearly the difficulties and challenges involved in designing an artificially intelligent computer to pass the more famous person-computer Turing test.
Collaborations within higher education
Authors: Fajman Jennifer
Published: January 2007

One of the challenges for academic information technology service organizations is finding ways to effectively integrate technology into the learning process. There are a number of approaches that can be used; one that is successful at the University of Maryland at College Park is collaboration with academic departments. These collaborations form alliances and bring together academic scholars with information technology providers. Together, academicians and information technology providers, can enhance the learning process. Following are some examples of collaborations that have worked well at the University of Maryland.
HyperFacs-building and using a digitized paper library
Authors: Myka Andreas , Güntzer Ulrich
Published: January 2007

Though the number of electronically available text documents is steadily increasing, paper is still the most common medium. With regard to older documents, there is a huge heritage of material that cannot be converted manually into an adequate electronic form. With regard to texts that are created today, paper is still the primary publishing medium because people - either as authors or as readers - are more accustomed to it.
Strategies for enhancing user access and understanding of digital library structure and content
Authors: Allen Robert B.
Published: January 2007

Two library classification system interfaces have been implemented for navigating and searching large collections of document and book records. One interface allows the user to browse book records organized by the Dewey Decimal Classification hierarchy. A Book Shelf display reflects the facet position in the classification hierarchy during browsing, and it dynamically updates to reflect search hits and attribute selections. The other interface provides access to records describing computer science documents classified by the ACM Computing Reviews (CR) system. The CR classification system is a type of faceted classification in which documents can appear at several points in the hierarchy. These two interfaces demonstrate that classification structure can be effectively utilized for organizing digital libraries and, potentially, collections of Internet-wide information services.
Graphic interfaces for knowledge-based system development
Authors: Poltrock S. E. , Steiner D. D. , Tarlton P. N.
Published: January 2007

Creating and debugging knowledge-based systems, such as expert systems, requires easy access to rules and facts in a vast, loosely-connected system. Three graphic representations were devised for a system development tool that integrates forward chaining, backward chaining, and full truth maintenance. In one representation, possible interactions among rules, determined by syntactically parsing the rules, are displayed as a directed graph. In a second representation, actual interactions among facts and rules are displayed dynamically. The third representation is a fish-eye view of the knowledge base that explains why a fact was asserted. In addition, the text of rules and facts is displayed in editing windows.
A test of a common elements theory of transfer
Authors: Polson P. G. , Muncher E. , Engelbeck G.
Published: January 2007

All discussions of interface design criteria emphasize the importance of consistent operating procedures both within and across applications. This paper presents a model for positive transfer and thus a theoretical definition of consistency. An experiment manipulating training orders for utility tasks was designed to evaluate the transfer model. The experimental manipulations produced large transfer effects. Quantitative predictions were derived from the Kieras and Polson (1985) theory of human-computer interaction and the transfer model and fit using regression techniques. The transfer model accounted for 88% of the variance of the 31 cell means.
Classifying users: a hard look at some controversial issues
Authors: Potosnak K. , Hayes P. J. , Rosson M. B. , Schneider M. L. , Whiteside J. A.
Published: January 2007

It has become a common recommendation to computer interface designers that they should “Know the User” (e.g., Rubinstein and Hersh, 1984). This panel discussion will examine the issues that arise from this advice.
Integrated software usage in the professional work environment: evidence from questionnaires and interviews
Authors: Nielsen J. , Mack R. L. , Bergendorff K. H. , Grischkowsky N. L.
Published: January 2007

In a field study of use of integrated business software by business professionals, we found several characteristics of the real-world situation leading to the under-utilization of integrated software and being of importance for its human factors. Professionals work in a heterogeneous software environment filled with practical problems, they follow “satisficing” strategies of sub-optimal usage, and they have problems migrating to more advanced uses. Current levels of software integration do not always adequately or easily support the “task integration” requirements of real tasks such as handling many small things.
On designing for usability: an application of four key principles
Authors: Hewett T. T. , Meadow C. T.
Published: January 2007

In a recent paper, Gould and Lewis (1983a) argued for the importance of four key principles in computer system design. These principles are: early focus on users, interactive design, empirical measurement, and iterative design. Gould and Lewis also express their belief that these principles are essential to successful design and refer to an example of their use (Gould and Lewis, 1983b). It is the purpose of this paper to report another example of how these principles played a major role and proved their worth in the design of a successful system.