bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slim Thabet, L'économie politique du capitalisme raisonnable. Essai sur les fondements institutionnalistes de la pensée économique de John Maynard Keynes
Authors: Thabet Slim
Published: September 2020

In the second volume of the monumental biography R. Skidelsky established on J. M. Keynes, we can find an enigmatic, if not strange, passage. According to R. Skidelsky, J. R. Commons was “an important, if unacknowledged influence on Keynes”. This feeling of strangeness is even stressed by the remarks expressed by J. M. Keynes himself in a letter that remained to J. R. Commons.In that letter indeed, dated from the 26th April 1927, Keynes was writing, “there seems to me to be no other economist with whose general way of thinking I feel myself in such a genuine accord”. R. Skidelsky’s passage, as well as J. M. Keynes’ epistolary sentiments, raise a lot of questions to which this thesis is attempting to answer: First of all, when, and how did the relationship between J. M. Keynes and J. R. Commons begin? Then, if there actually was an influence by J. R. Commons on J. M. Keynes, at which level must it be situated? Eventually, insomuch as J. R. Commons represents one of the central figures of the American Historical Institutionalism and beyond the relationship between J. R. Commons and J. M. Keynes, can one consider that not only the institutions play a fundamental role in J. M. Keynes’ economic thought, but also that his conception of institutions is itself peculiar?In order to answer these questions, one must now seriously reconsider the evolution of J. M. Keynes’s economic thought in the light of J. R. Commons influence. We suggest to call this influence “the Commons Hypothesis”. Accordingly, J.M. Keynes’ economic thought is revisited through the concept of collective action as one among the incontrovertible ways of the resolution of modern capitalism “Economic Problem” that leads to a Reasonable capitalism. That way, which acknowledges the dynamics of conflicts and compromises, necessarily goes through the institutions as entities of mediation both between the micro and macroeconomic levels and between the groups of economic agents and the State.
Robert Delorme (2010), Deep Complexity and the Social Sciences – Experience, Modelling and Operationality, Cheltenham & Northhampton, Edward Elgar, 464 p.
Authors: Labrousse Agnès
Published: September 2020

L’ouvrage de Robert Delorme sur la « complexité profonde » permet d’aller au-delà de la complexité comme complication stérile, il ouvre des voies de recherches praticables et fructueuses venant appuyer la recherche et l’action. Paru dans la série « New Horizons in institutional and evolutionary economics », il est à marquer d’une pierre blanche. Il correspond à la fois à une théorie générale de la complexité ouvrant sur un nouveau paradigme et à une trajectoire de recherche incarnée et personnifiée. S’il s’appuie de remarquable manière sur des recherches interdisciplinaires, le recours aux sciences sociales autres que l’économie reste cependant limité alors que ces mêmes sciences sociales pourraient fournir des procédures de recherche opératoires à peine esquissées dans ce livre.
Pascal Grouiez, Les stratégies des communautés et la régulation sectorielle et territoriale des configurations productives : le cas de l’agroalimentaire russe
Authors: Grouiez Pascal
Published: September 2020

The end of the soviet system led to a reorganization of former kolkhozes and sovkhozes in Russia. Despite these transformations, the agricultural operators have developed strategies to preserve their non-market goods production. The decision to keep the former social role question the experts. Indeed, these behaviors create a priori less efficient economic performances, which should lead these enterprises to disappear. However, these strategies helps to maintain large corporate farms, which should not be compatible with the market (because of the economies of scale). This way, Russian agriculture became heterogeneous, while the reforms should have mainly helped only the emergence of small farms. Our main thesis is that a sectoral regulationist approach, which considers that the actor have a specific rationality links to the fact that this actor is also a member of a community, is able to analyze the choice to product some non market goods. To analyze the regulation we have used the concept of “productive configuration” saw as a representation of the framework which organizes the coherence of some institutional elements (as rules, political choices, territorial issues, market rules...). Ours empirical works in the oblast of Orel allowed us to represent the regulation of the agricultural sector as four “productive configurations”. We explained the plurality of the configurations as the result of the diversity of agreements consented by heterogeneous actors. These agreements allow each actor to maximize his interests according to his power and to reproduce the community to which he belongs to. To defend their individual and collective interests the actors create some legal structures on the land market which prevent the standard capitalism development in the Russian agriculture. These legal structures are based on the construction of the land as a collective patrimony.
Gnanonobodom Tiou-Tagba Aliti, Modélisation des déséquilibres financiers globaux et régimes de change
Authors: Tiou-Tagba Aliti Gnanonobodom
Published: September 2020

Global macroeconomic adjustments are usually discussed first by the stylized facts and causes global imbalances and then using a Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) models in the lines of Godley and Lavoie (2007) and Zhao and Lavoie (2010). Three models are considered. First, fixed prices, three areas with a debt in local currency and with dollar-yuan fixed, but may also include conduct of reserve diversification of China’s central bank and a dollar-yuan according to floating or administered regimes. The second is a generalization of the previous one with flexible prices rather than fixed prices. The third, fixed prices, four areas with the rest of world debt in dollars, include an anchoring of the rest of world and the yuan to the dollar and three scenarios for anchoring to a basket of currencies. Faced with shocks, the fixed parity of the yuan-dollar limits the reduction of global imbalances in favor of China. Diversification of foreign exchange reserves of China’s central bank is changing the nature of adjustments, especially at the expense of the euro area because of the depreciation of the dollar that results. The flexibility of the yuan-dollar parity, however, appears as an effective way to reduce imbalances in all three models. If a freely floating of the yuan appears unrealistic in the current context, a managed exchange rate regime over the yuan-dollar parity adjustment mechanisms gives quite similar. Finally, the model with flexible prices confirms the main results obtained previously.
La correspondance de Fénelon. Une œuvre dans l’œuvre
Authors: Devillairs Laurence , Touboul Patricia
Published: September 2020

Ce dossier est consacré à la correspondance de Fénelon, dont l’édition, achevée en 2007, a considérablement enrichi la connaissance de la vie et de l’œuvre de l’archevêque de Cambrai, en éclairant d’un jour nouveau ses multiples visages. Miroir et mémoire de l’œuvre publiée, quand elle ne constitue pas elle-même une part essentielle de l’œuvre, la correspondance en augmente la compréhension par la découverte de ses étapes d’élaboration, des obstacles qu’elle a rencontrés ou des circonstances qui l’ont favorisée. Elle dévoile aussi ce que l’œuvre ne montre pas : les projets avortés et les renoncements, enfin, et surtout, l’ample milieu qui, autour de Fénelon lui permet de tisser le réseau où s’insère cette exceptionnelle vie faite d’engagements radicaux, de combats, de gloire mais aussi de déceptions, de disgrâces, et de soumission.
La Techno, entre contestation et normalisation
Authors: Rahaoui Rachid
Published: September 2020

La techno est une musique de production, et analyser la techno comme « un fait social musical » revient à comprendre que cet « agir communicationnel » est devenu transparent entre les technophiles, mais opaque avec les pouvoirs publics, par l’effet de l’institutionnalisation. La techno se conçoit finalement comme un des symptômes de la société « du vide ».
Synchronous Buccal Carcinoma and Laryngeal Carcinoma- A Rare Presentation
Authors: Sen Ishita , Ghosh Debangshu , Guha Goutam
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Second primary malignancy as squamous cell carcinoma of larynx is rare after squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa.

Case Report

A 47 year old male patient presented with a painless, progressive ulcer of left buccal mucosa near the angle of mouth for the last 3 months who also developed alteration in the quality of voice and respiratory distress 2 months later. On biopsy buccal lesion came out to be moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a glottic growth and guided biopsy from the lesion revealed well differentiated keratinising squamous cell carcinoma which was managed successfully by total laryngectomy and buccal carcinoma by wide local excision followed by primary closure and supraomohyoid neck dissection in the same sitting.

Discussion

Having both index primary tumour and second primary tumour in head and neck region is a rare occurrence more so glottic carcinoma occurring synchronously with buccal carcinomas. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment in both the conditions.
Manifestations of Tuberculosis in Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Region – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Thorawade Vandana P , Jaiswal S A , Gupta Seema Ramlakhan
Published: September 2020

Introduction 

Tuberculosis can involve any organ or site. Otorhinolaryngologist may encounter tuberculosis affecting lymph nodes, ear, larynx, deep neck spaces, salivary glands etc. which can mimic other chronic granulomatous conditions or malignancy. To ensure early diagnosis, it is important to recognize its cardinal signs and symptoms and to be aware of potential pitfalls in diagnosis. This study was done to learn the clinical presentation of tuberculosis in ear, nose, throat and head and neck region, and to assess the effectiveness of various investigations and treatment done for the same.

Materials and Methods 

A retrospective study done in our institution involving 120 patients suffering from tuberculosis in ear, nose, throat and head and neck region who attended pulmonary medicine or ENT OPD or ward between January 2008 to December 2017 that is, 10 years. Study period for data collection and analysis was 1 month.

Results

Total 120 patients-69 males and 51 females. Most common site was cervical lymph nodes(77.5% patients), followed by larynx(8.3%),middle ear(7.5%),deep neck spaces(2.5%) and salivary glands and nose(1.7% each). Histopathology was highly sensitive(99. 1%).All except one patient responded to first-line antitubercular drugs, the other patient was given treatment for MDR-TB to which he responded.

Conclusion

Tuberculosis can involve any site in the head and neck region, most common being cervical lymph nodes mainly presenting as neck swelling. Variable nature of manifestations of tuberculosis makes it essential to have high degree of suspicion for early diagnosis.
SITUAÇÃO DAS MULHERES NA ADMINISTRAÇÂO PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA DURANTE A PANDEMIA DO COVID-19
Authors: França Lucyléa Gonçalves
Published: September 2020

Este artigo investiga as políticas públicas brasileiras dirigidas a proteger o princípio de igualdade, sob a perspectiva de gênero. Utiliza como a metodologia jurídico-teórica pela via do método de investigação hipotéticodedutivo e empírico-científico. O texto trata das situações de conflitos que marcam a longa trajetória na luta pela concretização de direitos à igualdade das mulheres no contexto social e profissional no Brasil, e o enfrentamento da questão de gênero a partir da perspectiva da pandemia do COVID-19, com o propósito de examinar os efeitos de novas práticas, como o tele trabalho para as mulheres no período da emergência sanitária do primeiro semestre de 2020. O tema se impõe como de grande relevância considerando as diferenças sociais entre homens e mulheres sendo fruto da discriminação de gênero pela ausência de mecanismos legislativos ou de políticas públicas capazes de assegurar, de modo mais adequado, o ordenamento jurídico do Brasil ao cumprimento do direito de igualdade previsto na Constituição Brasileira de 1988.
PANDEMIA E FEDERALISMO
Authors: Ramos Edith Maria Barbosa , Ramos Paulo Roberto Barbosa , Costa Laísse Lima Silva
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo teve como objetivo a realização de análise das recentes decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em relação aos conflitos de competência decorrentes do enfrentamento à pandemia da COVID-19 pelos entes da Federação brasileira. Para isso, analisou-se o modelo de Federalismo Sanitário no Brasil e a atribuição de competências aos entes federativos realizada pelo Poder Constituinte Originário no processo de criação da Constituição da República Federativa de 1988. Em relação à metodologia empregada, utilizou-se o método dedutivo, a partir dos procedimentos bibliográfico e documental, com o escopo de desenvolver uma revisão sistemática do tema. À guisa de conclusão, constatou-se a fragilidade e incapacidade do nosso sistema federativo de lidar com a dinâmica de crises, na medida em que os entes federativos estão mergulhados em disputas políticas e não conseguem desenhar ações em âmbito de competências comuns de forma coordenada.
Nonrandom two‐liquid activity coefficient model with association theory
Authors: Hao Yifan , Chen Chau‐Chyun
Published: September 2020

Considered one of the most versatile and widely used classical thermodynamic models to correlate phase equilibria behavior of nonideal systems, the nonrandom two‐liquid (NRTL) theory does not explicitly account for specific chemical associations such as hydrogen bonding. This deficiency has been recognized as the cause for unsatisfactory representation of association systems like methanol–alkanes binaries. This work presents a practical approach to integrate Wertheim's perturbation theory for association contribution with the classical NRTL model. Specifically, the association contribution is calculated from pre‐determined molecule‐specific association strengths while the physical interaction contribution is captured with NRTL binary interaction parameters. The resulting association NRTL model correlates fluid phase equilibria of association systems with few adjustable parameters and offers improved predictive capability for higher order systems.
Experimental study on drop breakup time and breakup rate with drop swarms in a stirred tank
Authors: Zhou Han , Yu Xiong , Wang Bo , Jing Shan , Lan Wenjie , Li Shaowei
Published: September 2020

The direct experimental data for breakup parameters of drop breakup time, multiple breakage, and breakup rate are urgently required to understand drop breakup phenomena. In this regard, drop breakup experiments were carried out in a stirred tank using a high‐speed online camera. The influences of the rotating speed, interfacial tension, and drop viscosity on the above breakup parameters were then quantitatively investigated. An mechanism correlation for the breakup time is proposed and is further verified by comparing with the results of Solsvik and Jakobsen (Chem Eng Sci, 2015;131:219‐234). The percentage of multiple breakage comparing to binary breakup was statistically counted. The results indicated that the dimensionless drop diameter η = d/dmax can be adopted to characterize the proportion of binary breakup. Finally, the breakup rate was experimentally measured and the breakup probability was calculated using the inverse method.
Assessing forage bermudagrass cultivar tolerance to glyphosate application
Authors: Abreu Lucas F. , Rocateli Alexandre C. , Manuchehri Misha , Arnall D. Brian , Goad Carla L. , Antonangelo Joao A.
Published: September 2020

In‐season weed control with glyphosate could be a feasible option if bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] tolerance to glyphosate was better understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of bermudagrass cultivars ‘Goodwell’ and ‘Greenfield’ to varying glyphosate rates under controlled environment. The experimental design was a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) with the two forage bermudagrass cultivars and the five glyphosate application rates (0.35, 0.47, 0.95, 1.37, and 2.75 lb a.i. ac−1) plus the nontreated control. Visual injury (VI) was collected at 8, 16, and 24 days after glyphosate application (DAG), and dry matter regrowth relative to nontreated control (%DMRrel) was measured at 56 DAG. Results indicated that VI developed faster in Goodwell until 8 DAG, but both cultivars had similar glyphosate VI at its peak (16 DAG). Although glyphosate VI was similar in both cultivars at 16 and 24 DAG, Goodwell showed greater %DMRrel at glyphosate rates ≥0.95 lb a.i. ac−1 than Greenfield at 56 DAG. Moreover, the prediction of %DMRrel from previous canopy VI followed distinct negative exponential relationships for each cultivar‐DAG combination. The Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) numerical differences were negligible when comparing relationships at different DAGs for a specific cultivar. Practically, VI readings taken at any evaluated DAGs were considered appropriate for estimating %DMRrel. Results suggested that bermudagrass glyphosate tolerance is cultivar‐dependent, where Goodwell showed improved tolerance allowing in‐season glyphosate application to control weeds at higher rates than Greenfield. Studies at field conditions must be performed to validate our findings.
An assessment of sampling designs using SCR analyses to estimate abundance of boreal caribou
Authors: McFarlane Samantha , Manseau Micheline , Steenweg Robin , Hervieux Dave , Hegel Troy , Slater Simon , Wilson Paul J.
Published: September 2020

Accurately estimating abundance is a critical component of monitoring and recovery of rare and elusive species. Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models are an increasingly popular method for robust estimation of ecological parameters. We provide an analytical framework to assess results from empirical studies to inform SCR sampling design, using both simulated and empirical data from noninvasive genetic sampling of seven boreal caribou populations (Rangifer tarandus caribou), which varied in range size and estimated population density. We use simulated population data with varying levels of clustered distributions to quantify the impact of nonindependence of detections on density estimates, and empirical datasets to explore the influence of varied sampling intensity on the relative bias and precision of density estimates. Simulations revealed that clustered distributions of detections did not significantly impact relative bias or precision of density estimates. The genotyping success rate of our empirical dataset (n = 7,210 samples) was 95.1%, and 1,755 unique individuals were identified. Analysis of the empirical data indicated that reduced sampling intensity had a greater impact on density estimates in smaller ranges. The number of captures and spatial recaptures was strongly correlated with precision, but not absolute relative bias. The best sampling designs did not differ with estimated population density but differed between large and small ranges. We provide an efficient framework implemented in R to estimate the detection parameters required when designing SCR studies. The framework can be used when designing a monitoring program to minimize effort and cost while maximizing effectiveness, which is critical for informing wildlife management and conservation.
Impact of physico‐geographical factors and climate variability on flow intermittency in the rivers of water surplus zone
Authors: Šarauskienė Diana , Akstinas Vytautas , Nazarenko Serhii , Kriaučiūnienė Jūratė , Jurgelėnaitė Aldona
Published: September 2020

Climate change is inevitably altering the hydrological regime of water bodies. The interest in changing behaviour of intermittent rivers is increasing in many countries. This research was focused on intermittent rivers (rivers which naturally, periodically cease to flow) in Lithuania. The purpose of this research was to provide an overview of flow intermittency phenomena according to available data in a historical period and to evaluate the impact of catchment geographical features and climate variability on zero‐flow events. The calculated indices of flow intermittency showed that the selected rivers had very different flow regimes. The threshold for the separation of typically intermittent rivers from only occasionally intermittent ones was suggested. Multiple linear regression analysis defined the crucial role of catchment size and watercourse slope on the river cessation process in Lithuania. The applied non‐parametric Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test revealed the significance of the relationship between precipitation (in June–September) and zero‐flow duration. Flow intermittency phenomena in Lithuanian rivers were linked to a low‐frequency teleconnection pattern (SCAND index). A methodology of estimating the relation between river intermittency and large‐scale atmospheric circulation pattern (based on SCAND index) was created. The generated regression equations between flow intermittency indices and catchment characteristics might be useful for the estimation of zero‐flows in ungauged river catchments. The main aspect of future investigations might be related to forecasting flow intermittency using modern hydrological models and climate scenarios as well as the defined relationships between zero‐flow indices and physico‐geographical features of river catchments.
Research participant understanding and engagement in an institutional, self‐consent biobank model
Authors: Schmanski Andrew , Roberts Emily , Coors Marilyn , Wicks Stephen J. , Arbet Jaron , Weber Rachel , Crooks Kristy , Barnes Kathleen C. , Taylor Matthew R. G.
Published: September 2020

The number of institutional and governmental biobanks and the target enrollment sizes of modern biobanks are increasing, affording more opportunities for the public to participate in biobanking efforts. In parallel with these expansions are pressures to increase the efficiency of obtaining informed consent using shorter consent forms that cover a broader scope of research and increasingly include provisions for return of research or clinical genetic test results to participants. Given these changes, how well these participants understand genetics, their level of understanding of what they are consenting to, and their wishes to engage longitudinally and receive biobank results are not well understood. We surveyed participants in a large, medical system‐based biobank who had enrolled through a two‐page, self‐consent process about their baseline knowledge of genetics, understanding and recall of the consent process, wishes for future contact and engagement, and level of interest in receiving clinical genetic testing results. A total of 856 consented persons participated in the survey (67% women; 67% white). Participants’ general reported genetics knowledge was relatively high (mean 11.60 of 15 questions answered correctly) as was recall of key elements from the two‐page consent form. Overall participant enthusiasm for future contact by the biobank and for receiving clinical genetic testing results was high. The use of a two‐page, self‐consent process in a large, institutional biobank resulted in high levels of consent recall and enthusiasm for future ongoing engagement and receipt of genetic testing results by participants.
Ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the setting of respiratory failure from severe COVID‐19 infection: Case report and literature review
Authors: Lin Adam Yuh , Cuttica Michael J. , Ison Michael G. , Gordon Leo I.
Published: September 2020

Ibrutinib, a known Burton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and interleukin‐2 inducible T‐cell kinase (ITK) inhibitor, is used for the treatment of B‐cell disorders (chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL] and various other lymphomas) and chronic graft versus host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Because it is considered an immunosuppressant, continuation of ibrutinib is often debated when patients have an active infection, and this becomes an especially difficult decision in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Here, we describe a patient with CLL who was on ibrutinib then developed severe COVID‐19 infection requiring mechanical ventilation. We elected to continue ibrutinib the same day he was intubated, reasoning that BTK inhibition in myeloid immune cells has been shown to reduce or even reverse influenza‐mediated acute lung injury and that ITK inhibition in T cells has correlated with reduction in viral replication, and therefore may have an advantage in this setting. Ibrutinib also has been shown to block Src family kinases, which potentially could result in reduction of viral entry and the inflammatory cytokine response in the lungs. The patient was extubated after 9 days with a complex hospital course and eventually discharged on room air. The only way to rationally inform these decisions and explore similar potentially promising leads in this pandemic is to conduct carefully done clinical trials.
The utility of abdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fungal infections in children: a narrative review
Authors: Sungkana Henry , Edwards Christopher , Reddan Tristan
Published: September 2020

In paediatric patients, ultrasonography is one of the preferred medical imaging modalities due to the lack of ionising radiation. Abdominal ultrasonography can be a useful tool in diagnosing cases of fungal infections but may introduce some risks for further infection in vulnerable patients or cause anxiety and discomfort. The aim of this narrative review is to analyse the utility of abdominal ultrasonography in diagnosing fungal infections in children in terms of its positive hit rates and utility in typical use. Text words and indexed terms related to ‘fungal infection and ultrasonography’ and ‘children’ were searched on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Scopus. Paediatric oncology patients, neonates and generally immunocompromised children were found to be at‐risk groups with increasing susceptibility to risk factors for contracting fungal infections. Abdominal ultrasonography was found to aid in the diagnosis of fungal infection in many cases, but not all patients with the identified risk factors were diagnosed with fungal infections and not all patients diagnosed with fungal infections had identified risk factors. Ultrasonography was found to be overutilised and the current decision process in requesting abdominal ultrasonography in diagnosing fungal infection should be revised. Further study into an effective criterion in requesting abdominal ultrasonography is suggested to reduce the overutilisation of ultrasonography, thus reducing risk of infection and discomfort while also saving time and money.
Pricing for a product with network effects and mixed logit demand
Authors: Nosrat Fatemeh , Cooper William L. , Wang Zizhuo
Published: September 2020

We consider a pricing problem for a single product that experiences network effects. Demand is described by a consumer choice model in which each individual chooses between purchasing the product and not purchasing the product. We assume that there are multiple segments in the population of potential buyers, and that individuals' intrinsic values for the product and sensitivities to the network effect (ie, the extent to which their values are affected by how many others buy the product) vary across segments. The demand model may be viewed as a version of the mixed multinomial logit model, modified to incorporate network effects. We formulate and analyze an optimization problem that aims to find the seller's revenue‐maximizing price. In settings with an arbitrary number of demand segments, we present a simple, effective heuristic solution approach. In settings with two segments, we obtain a solution method that outputs provably near‐optimal prices. We close with an extensive numerical study.
A challenging diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma with osteosarcomatous differentiation metastasizing to bone
Authors: Brown Michael , Jersmann Hubertus , Crowhurst Thomas , Van Vliet Chris , Crouch Gareth , Badiei Arash
Published: September 2020

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an insidious primary neoplasm of the pleura that can be challenging to diagnose and is commonly considered to be only locally invasive. We present the case of a 74‐year‐old male who presented with clinical features of MPM but from whom pleural fluid and biopsies initially suggested benign pathology. He later developed diffuse bony metastases and re‐examination of pleural biopsies using modern immunohistochemistry and molecular testing revealed a diagnosis of sarcomatoid and desmoplastic MPM with heterologous osteosarcomatous differentiation. This case not only demonstrates the rare potential of skeletal metastasis of MPM, but also highlights the importance of recognizing the utility of modern diagnostic tests and their potential to prevent the need for unnecessary invasive procedures. To our knowledge this is the first description of this rare histological sub‐type presenting with skeletal metastases.
Investigating a Text Structure Intervention for Reading and Writing in Grades 4 and 5
Authors: Strong John Z.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this mixed‐methods experimental study was to investigate the effects and social validity of a text structure intervention for reading and writing in upper elementary grades. Fourth‐ and fifth‐grade teachers (N = 11) in three elementary schools were randomly assigned to implement the text structure intervention or a comprehension strategies intervention. The student sample (N = 351) comprised 160 students who received the text structure intervention and 191 students who received the comprehension strategies intervention, across grades 4 and 5. Quantitative measures of text structure awareness, reading comprehension, and writing quality were analyzed using three‐level hierarchical linear modeling. Qualitative interviews were analyzed typologically to assess upper elementary teachers’ perceptions of the social validity of each intervention. Quantitative results indicated that students who received the text structure intervention outperformed the students who received the comprehension strategies intervention on a measure of text structure awareness, a graphic organizer task, and use of ideas and details in informational writing. Qualitative findings indicated that teachers found the goals, procedures, and effects of the text structure intervention to be socially valid for upper elementary grades.
Insight into the mechanism of aspartame‐induced toxicity in male reproductive system following long‐term consumption in mice model
Authors: Anbara Hojat , Sheibani Mohammad Taghi , Razi Mazdak , Kian Mehdi
Published: September 2020

Aspartame is one of the most common consumed artificial sweeteners utilized in many food products and beverages. It has been indicated that long‐term consumption of aspartame leads to reproductive toxicity but its mechanism is not well‐clear. In this study we investigated mechanism of aspartame‐induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. For this purpose, 36 NMRI mature male mice received three doses of 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg body weight of aspartame, respectively per day by gavage for 90 days and also a control group was considered which received 0.5 mL of normal saline as the same route. The results revealed that long‐term administration of aspartame at high doses significantly (P < .05) reduced gonadosomatic index, serum concentration of pituitary‐testicular axis hormones (FSH, LH, and testosterone). It also decreased sperm parameters and total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), while it caused increase in nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in testis tissue and sperm samples. Also, it decreased attenuated testicular histomorphometric indices (tubular differentiation index, spermiogenesis index, and repopulation index), and steroidogenic foci, while increased mRNA damages and apoptosis rate, downregulated antiapoptotic (Bcl‐2) and upregulated proapoptotic (P53, BAX, and caspase‐3) mediators respectively in testis. These findings indicated that consumption of aspartame for a long period results in male reproductive toxicity by decrease in serum concentration of pituitary‐testis axis hormones and induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in testis.
Shape optimization of the X0-specimen: theory, numerical simulation and experimental verification
Authors: Liedmann Jan , Gerke Steffen , Barthold Franz-Joseph , Brünig Michael
Published: September 2020

The paper deals with the gradient based shape optimization of the biaxial X0-specimen, which has been introduced and examined in various papers, under producibility restrictions and the related experimental verification. The original, engineering based design of the X0-specimen has been applied successfully to different loading conditions persisting the question if relevant stress states could be reached by optimizing the geometry. Specimens with the initial as well as with the two load case dependent optimized geometries have been fabricated of the aluminum alloy sheets (AlSi1MgMn; EN AW 6082-T6) and tested. The strain fields in critical regions of the specimens have been recorded by digital image correlation technique. In addition, scanning electron microscope analysis of the fracture surfaces clearly indicate the stress state dependent damage processes. Consequently, the presented gradient based optimization technique facilitated significant improvements to study the damage and fracture processes in a more purposeful way.
A deep Q-learning portfolio management framework for the cryptocurrency market
Authors: Lucarelli Giorgio , Borrotti Matteo
Published: September 2020

Deep reinforcement learning is gaining popularity in many different fields. An interesting sector is related to the definition of dynamic decision-making systems. A possible example is dynamic portfolio optimization, where an agent has to continuously reallocate an amount of fund into a number of different financial assets with the final goal of maximizing return and minimizing risk. In this work, a novel deep Q-learning portfolio management framework is proposed. The framework is composed by two elements: a set of local agents that learn assets behaviours and a global agent that describes the global reward function. The framework is tested on a crypto portfolio composed by four cryptocurrencies. Based on our results, the deep reinforcement portfolio management framework has proven to be a promising approach for dynamic portfolio optimization.
Validation of multiparametric MRI by histopathology after nephrectomy: a case study
Authors: de Boer Anneloes , Pieters Tobias T. , Harteveld Anita A. , Blankestijn Peter J. , Bos Clemens , Froeling Martijn , Goldschmeding Roel , Hoogduin Hans J. M. , Joles Jaap A. , Petri Bart-Jeroen , Verhaar Marianne C. , Leiner Tim , Nguyen Tri Q. , van Zuilen Arjan D.
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Renal multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is a promising tool to monitor renal allograft health to enable timely treatment of chronic allograft nephropathy. This study aims to validate mpMRI by whole-kidney histology following transplantectomy.

Materials and methods

A patient with kidney transplant failure underwent mpMRI prior to transplantectomy. The mpMRI included blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI, T1 and T2 mapping, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), 2D phase contrast (2DPC) and arterial spin labeling (ASL). Parenchymal mpMRI measures were compared to normative values obtained in 19 healthy controls. Differences were expressed in standard deviations (SD) of normative values. The mpMRI measures were compared qualitatively to histology.

Results

The mpMRI showed a heterogeneous parenchyma consistent with extensive interstitial hemorrhage on histology. A global increase in T1 (+ 3.0 SD) and restricted diffusivity (− 3.6 SD) were consistent with inflammation and fibrosis. Decreased T2 (− 1.8 SD) indicated fibrosis or hemorrhage. ASL showed diminished cortical perfusion (− 2.9 SD) with patent proximal arteries. 2DPC revealed a 69% decrease in renal perfusion. Histological evaluation showed a dense inflammatory infiltrate and fibrotic changes, consistent with mpMRI results. Most interlobular arteries were obliterated while proximal arteries were patent, consistent with ASL findings.

Discussion

mpMRI findings correlated well with histology both globally as well as locally.
Capillary-force-induced collapse lithography for controlled plasmonic nanogap structures
Authors: Kim Inki , Mun Jungho , Hwang Wooseup , Yang Younghwan , Rho Junsuk
Published: September 2020

The capillary force effect is one of the most important fabrication parameters that must be considered at the micro/nanoscale because it is strong enough to deform micro/nanostructures. However, the deformation of micro/nanostructures due to such capillary forces (e.g., stiction and collapse) has been regarded as an undesirable and uncontrollable obstacle to be avoided during fabrication. Here, we present a capillary-force-induced collapse lithography (CCL) technique, which exploits the capillary force to precisely control the collapse of micro/nanostructures. CCL uses electron-beam lithography, so nanopillars with various shapes can be fabricated by precisely controlling the capillary-force-dominant cohesion process and the nanopillar-geometry-dominant collapse process by adjusting the fabrication parameters such as the development time, electron dose, and shape of the nanopillars. CCL aims to achieve sub-10-nm plasmonic nanogap structures that promote extremely strong focusing of light. CCL is a simple and straightforward method to realize such nanogap structures that are needed for further research such as on plasmonic nanosensors.
Wafer-scale metal chalcogenide thin films via an ion exchange approach
Authors: Chen Huihui , Cao Chuanbao , Ge Binghui , Li Yongkai , Han Junfeng , Chen Zhuo
Published: September 2020

Developing facile and controllable ways to tune the optoelectronic properties of metal chalcogenide thin films via chemical composition is of significant importance for boosting their application in various functional devices.
French Validation of the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Relationship with Alcohol Dependence and Drinking Behavior
Authors: Constant Aymery , Sanz Marlene , Auffret Manon , Naudet Florian , Vérin Marc , Moirand Romain
Published: September 2020

Aim

To validate a French translation of the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) that measures craving in patients with alcohol dependence.

Method

All patients aged > 18 years who were hospitalized for alcohol detoxification from February to May 2019 in the alcohol unit of the Rennes university hospital were eligible. A back-translated version of the AUQ was completed at admission. Patients were interviewed at the end of the 7-day detoxification program by a trained addiction psychiatrist (MS), using tablet computed-based questionnaires assessing state craving (visual analog scale), alcohol dependence severity, drinking behavior, psychological distress and physical/mental health. The same investigator assessed relapse 1 month after discharge.

Results

A total of 80 inpatients were recruited and completed questionnaires. The single factor structure of the French version of the AUQ was similar to the original questionnaire, and was supported by strong internal reliability and item-scale validity. The AUQ score correlated highly acute craving measure, but moderately scales assessing the severity of alcohol dependence, drinking behavior and mental health. Relapse 1 month after discharge was significantly related to AUQ score assessed either at baseline, or with better estimate at the end of the 7-day detoxification period.

Conclusion

The French version of the AUQ provides a reliable measure of phasic craving, which is best described as a context-dependent single-factor variable, related to but distinct from tonic craving, dependence severity and drinking behavior. The ease of administration makes the AUQ a useful tool for French-speaking patients with alcohol dependence.
A Surviving Child from Acute Liver Failure after an Ingestion of Cassia occidentalis Seeds
Authors: Getsuwan Songpon , Tanpowpong Pornthep , Trakulsrichai Satariya , Sornmayura Pattana , Treepongkaruna Suporn
Published: September 2020

Cassia occidentalis toxicity is thought to be uncommon; however, several cases have been described with acute hepatomyoencephalopathy with a high-mortality rate. We report a previously healthy, 2-year-old girl who developed acute liver failure after fresh seed ingestion. Without a specific antidote, we decided to implement supportive measures and medications including lactulose, sodium benzoate and N-acetylcysteine. The patient also experienced with cardiogenic shock and transient distal renal tubular acidosis, which were all spontaneously resolved. The liver chemistries returned to normal 3 months after the ingestion, without receiving liver assisted device or liver transplantation.
A Novel Technique for Spondylolysis Repair With Pedicle Screws, Rod and Polyester Band
Authors: Berjano Pedro , Ristori Gabriele , Ismael Aguirre Maryem-Fama , Langella Francesco , Damilano Marco , Cecchinato Riccardo , Pun Alvin , Lamartina Claudio
Published: September 2020

Study Design.

Systematic review and case report.

Objective.

Our study aims to present a new technique using three components to repair the pars defect: pedicle screws, rod and polyester band. Furthermore, we perform a systematic literature review of the previously described techniques.

Summary of Background.

Spondylolysis is a common condition in children and adolescents. Depending on the severity it may be treated either nonoperatively or surgically. Surgery is required if nonoperative treatment failed to give sustained pain relief. Several surgical techniques have been described.

Methods.

The literature review investigates the database (MEDLINE-EMBASE-Cochrane-ScienceDirect) up to May 2019 for studies presenting a surgical technique for spondylolysis.

The Screw-Rod-Band (SRB) technique combines the use of pedicle screws, a rod and a polyester band to repair the spondylolysis. The horizontal rod connects the pedicle screws. The polyester band linked to the rod passes below the spinous process to apply compressive forces on the pars.

Results.

Twenty-one out of 982 studies described a surgical procedure. Eight main different techniques were identified: Isthmic Screw, Wiring, Butterfly-Plate, Hook-Screw Construct, Shaped-Rod, Laminar-Screw, and two combination technique (Lag Screw and Tension Band Fixation and Cortical Screws and Spinous-Process ModularLink). Our technique showed immediate postoperative clinical improvement. No surgical or perisurgical complication occurred.

Conclusion.

The systematic literature review revealed a great number of surgical techniques for the spondylolysis, demonstrating the lack of consensus.

SRB technique is an effective and simple treatment for pars fixation. The surgical procedure puts the pars under strong compression. The results are comparable with procedures present in the literature and seems capable to reduce the invasiveness and the risk of neurological injury.

Level of Evidence: 2
Translational Studies on Biologic Fusion of a Vertebral Segment as a Novel Treatment Modality for Low Back Pain
Authors: Olmarker Kjell , Gerward Andreas , Isberg Bengt , Lehmann Anders , Berg Svante
Published: September 2020

Study Design.

Preclinical studies: Efficacy and toxicological studies on lactic acid (LA)-induced sclerozation in pig lumbar discs. Clinical study: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study investigating the safety and local tolerability of LA.

Objective.

To determine if LA produces sclerozation of the porcine nucleus pulposus (NP) followed by a phase Ib study to evaluate preliminary safety, tolerability, and efficacy of LA in patients with chronic discogenic low back pain.

Summary of Background Data.

Surgical stabilization of a motion segment harboring a painful degenerated disc often affords symptomatic relief. In the present study, the hypothesis was tested that LA can produce sclerozation and stabilization of the NP.

Methods.

LA (0.2 mL; 60, 120, or 240 mg/mL) or vehicle was injected into the NP or close to the extra spinal region of spinal nerves of young female pigs. The size of the NP, MRI changes, flexural stiffness, and histology of the disc was studied after up to 84 days of survival. Fifteen patients injected intra discally with placebo (iohexol, 1.5 mL, n = 6) or iohexol plus LA (30, 60, or 120 mg/mL; three patients in each group) were followed for up to 12 months.

Results.

Injection of LA in the pig reproducibly induced sclerozation of the NP and increased flexural rigidity. Histological changes included generation of connective tissue and increased expression of collagen I. No safety concerns were raised. Adverse events in patients were limited to transiently increased low back pain with no obvious difference between treatment groups. There was indication of lower water content of NP injected with the two highest doses of LA.

Conclusion.

LA has a sclerozing effect on the NP in pigs and patients and is therefore a candidate for further clinical studies powered to determine its potential as a treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain.

Level of Evidence: 2
Availability, Use, and Satisfaction of Personal Protective Equipment Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Sarfraz Azza , Sarfraz Zouina , Anwer Ammar , Sarfraz Muzna , Siddiq Javaria
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To assess the discrepancy among and within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) regarding PPE availability, use, and satisfaction.

Methods:

The study population consisted of healthcare workers from LMICs who partook in the questionnaire survey from March 1, 2020, until April 15, 2020.

Results:

In the bivariate analysis, gender (P = 0.05), HCWs (P < 0.01), and level of care (P < 0.01) were associated with the public or private sector (P < 0.05). Using multivariate analysis, PPE factors were associated with the health sector (p < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression model determined a Pearson's χ2 value of 706.736 (df = 726, P = −0.689) and a c-statistic of 0.592, indicating a good model.

Conclusion:

In LMICs, huge discrepancies are present in PPE provision to HCWs, especially among the public healthcare sectors. Efforts at national and international levels ought to be addressed to protect frontline HCWs at higher risk of contracting COVID-19.