bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Om Fund af Tøndersvamp (Polyporus fomentarius (L.) FR.) fra Postglacialtiden i Danmark
Authors: Buchwald N. Fabritius , Hansen Sigurd
Published: June 2021

Under Udarbejdelsen af en Monografi over Tøndersvampen (Polyporus fomentarius) for nogle Aar tilbage stødte den ene af Forff. til nærværende Afhandling paa en Del subfossile Eksemplarer af denne Svamp, der fra gammel Tid opbevares i Landbohøjskolens plantepatologiske Afdelings Samling. Oplysningerne om Fundforholdene for disse oftest mosefundne Eksemplarer var imidlertid ret ufuldstændige, saa man i de fleste Tilfælde ikke paa Grundlag af dem kunde give nogen geologisk Aldersbestemmelse. Den Tanke opstod derfor at forsøge at opnaa en omtrentlig Aldersbestemmelse for disse Svampefund paa samme Maade, som det i de to sidste Aartier hyppigt er blevet gjort for mosefundne Pattedyrrester og Oldsager, nemlig ved en pollenstatistisk Undersøgelse af Tørvemassen i det Lag, hvori Svampen var beliggende (se f. Eks. Knud Jessen 1920, 1927 og 1929, Hilmar Ødum 1920, Magnus Degerbol 1933). Ved Udførelsen af saadanne "Pollentællinger" for de Fund, der ikke ad anden Vej kunde tidsfæstes, faldt det naturligt at udvide Undersøgelsen til at omfatte saa vidt muligt alle fra Danmark bekendte Fund af Poresvampe. I den Anledning rettedes der Henvendelse til de Institutioner, hos hvilke det kunde tænkes, at der opbevaredes Materiale af mosefundne Poresvampe.
Pollenanalytisk Datering af Brabrand-Fundet
Authors: Troels-Smith J
Published: June 2021

Aar 1900 udkom det store Værk: "Affaldsdynger fra Stenalderen i Danmark undersøgte for Nationalmuseet", hvori Typer paa de danske Affaldsdynger fra Jylland og Øerne, saavel Dynger fra "den ældre Stenalder" som "den yngre" er blevet mønstergyldigt beskrevet af en Række Fagmænd. Samme Aar, som denne Bautasten for det 19. Aarh.s Køkkenmøddingundersøgelser blev sat, blev der ved Grøftegravning ved Brabrand Sø nær Aarhus Aa's Udløb fundet Oldsager; Findestedet (Fig. 1, X ) for disse blev 1903-04 nærmere undersøgt af Nationalmuseet, og 1906 kom Thomas Thomsens og A. Jessens Afhandling om "Brabrand-Fundet fra den ældre Stenalder, arkæologisk og geologisk behandlet".Ved den arkæologiske Behandling af Fundet vistes, at Oldsagerne i alt væsentligt er de samme som i Affaldsdyngerne. Derimod adskiller Brabrand-Fundet sig væsentligt fra Skaldyngerne ved, at Oldsagerne ikke er fundet i eller nær ved en Skaldynge, men liggende indlejret i marine Lavvandsdannelser. Hvorledes Oldsagerne er blevet indlejret i disse marine Aflejringer, eller rettere: hvor den egentlige Brabrand-Boplads har været, naaede man ikke til Klarhed over. Af den geologiske Undersøgelse fremgik det, at Oldsagerne stammede fra Tiden lige før, omkring og efter Litorinahavets Maksimum, der for Egnens Vedkommende bestemtes til at være 2 m over Havet; heraf fulgte, at den ældste Del af Fundet maatte være ældre end de Affaldsdynger, der hviler paa Litorinahavets højeste Stranddannelser.
Senkvartære Studier fra Mors
Authors: Jessen Knud
Published: June 2021

I Forsommeren 1925 blev der ved Tørvegravning i Sejerslev Kær i det nordlige Mors fundet et Kranium af Bjørn (Ursus arctus L.). Apoteker A. Olufsen, Nykøbing M. erhvervede Kraniet, skaffede Oplysninger om Fundforholdene og overgav det samme Aar til Zoologisk Museum i København. Her underkastede Magnus Degerbøl Kraniet en zoologisk Behandling sammen med de øvrige Kranier af danske Bjørne, som findes paa Museet, og forelagde Resultatet af sine Undersøgelser i Naturhistorisk Forening d. 23. Marts 1928. V. Nordmann og R. Sparck foretog i 1926 en Gravning i Sejerslev Kær i Vestenden af den Tørvegrav, hvor Kraniet sagdes at være fundet. Denne Tørvegrav ligger umiddelbart Syd for en Vejdæmning, der fører over Kæret, og omkring 120 m SØ for det Hus, der ligger N for Dæmningens vestlige Ende (smlg. Fig. 1).
lsrandens Tilbagerykning fra Østjylland til Sjælland-Fyn, belyst ved Ledeblokke
Authors: Milthers V
Published: June 2021

Det er for Istidsgeologien en vigtig Opgave at skaffe Rede paa, hvorledes Frigørelsen for Indlandsisen ved Istidens Slutning er gaaet for sig. Et Led i Bestræbelserne for at løse denne Opgave er Paavisningen af, langs hvilke Linjer Indlandsisens Rand i længere eller kortere Tid har gjort Ophold under Isdækkets Bortsmeltning fra Landet. I udpræget Form træder saadanne Linjer sædvanligvis kun paa kortere Strækninger frem som Randmoræner. Hvis man var nødsaget til at lade sig nøje med de udprægede Randmorænestrøg som Tegn paa Opholdslinjer eller synkrone Linjer for Isranden, vilde det kun blive et fragmentarisk Billede man kunde faa af Forløbet af Landets Frigørelse fra Isdækket. Men der findes i Terrænet adskillige andre Hjælpemidler til at bestemme synkrone Israndes Beliggenhed. Der kan nævnes selve det glaciale Terræns forskelligartede Udformning, Dalenes uligeartede Form og Forløb, Forekomsten af ekstramarginale Sand- og Leromraader. Sammenknytning af Forhold af de her nævnte Arter vil i mange Tilfælde kunne lede til lige saa sikker en Paavisning af sammenhørende Israndes Forløb, som udprægede Randmorænestrøg kan give. Selv paa Steder, hvor Terrænet ikke formaar at give de fornødne Oplysninger, kan der være Mulighed for ved Hjælp af Jordlagenes indre Beskaffenhed, og da især ved deres Stenindhold, at faa Vejledning med Hensyn til visse Landskabsomraaders Samhørighed eller Forskellighed.
Karakterisering af løse jordarter
Authors: Troels-Smith J
Published: June 2021

I stedet for at beskrive og definere det meget store antal forekommende jordarter, defineres her et lille antal (17) jordartelementer, organiske såvel som uorganiske. Ved hjælp af jordartelementerne og disses indbyrdes mængdeforhold samt visse fysiske egenskaber, der også er defineret og beskrevet, vil en given jordart kunne beskrives og karakteriseres uden hensyntagen til dannelsesmåden eller de processer, der har fundet sted efter at jordarten er aflejret. Herved kan et overmåde stort antal jordarter karakteriseres på en simpel måde svarende til, at en kemisk forbindelse kan angives ved mængdeforholdet mellem de grundstoffer, der indgår i forbindelsen. For at undgå enhver sammenblanding mellem betegnelserne for de her definerede jordartelementer og anden jordartterminologi er der blevet udarbejdet en latinsk terminologi. I tilslutning til jordartsystemet er der fastlagt et signatursystem.
Measurement as a Means of Identifying Fossil Pollen
Authors: Christensen B. Brorson
Published: June 2021

In most places where pollen analysis is pursued more and more species have in recent years been included in pollen counting, and simultaneously the requirements as to the reliability and precision of identification - and the methods of identification - have of course become increasingly stringent. As is only natural with pollen analysis as a young science, there are unfortunately no tables or keys even approximately comprising or distinguishing between all the species encountered in ordinary pollen counting, and probably many years will elapse before tables of this kind are available, if ever they will be.
Kvantitativ petrografisk Undersøgelse af nogle sjællandske Danienkalksten
Authors: Larsen Gunnar
Published: June 2021

De danske danienformationers bjergartsmæssige beskaffenhed findes som regel behandlet ret kortfattet og summarisk i den omfattende litteratur, som beskriver aflejringernes palæontologiske og stratigrafiske forhold. En mere indgående petrografisk karakterisering af bjergarterne er fremlagt i enkelte arbejder, såsom Rørdam's (1897) undersøgelse af kridtet på Sjælland, afhandlingen om Langbrogårdboringen (Madsen, Ødum, Gry, 1935) samt Gry og Søndergaard's »Flinteforekomster i Danmark« fra 1958. I sidstnævnte behandles foruden flinten også de kalkformationer, flinten optræder i.Alle hidtil offentliggjorte undersøgelser af danienkalkens lithologi og petrografi har det fælles, at de behandler emnet kvalitativt beskrivende. Formålet med de undersøgelser, som refereres i det følgende, har været at belyse, hvorvidt kvantitative petrografiske metoder giver væsentlige bidrag til karakterisering af danienkalken.
Aperçu de La Géologie du Danemark
Authors: Andersen Johs , Bøggild O.B , Callisen Karen , Jessen Axel , Jessen Knud , Madsen Victor , Mertz Ellen Louise , Milthers V , Nordmann V , Ravn J.P.J , Ødum Hilmar
Published: June 2021

Entre la Mer du Nord et la Baltique se trouvent situées une péninsule et de nombreuses îles qui, depuis des temps reculés, sont le pays du peuple danois. Vues sur un globe terrestre elles n'occupent qu'une place minime bien que nettement marquée et facile à trouver; et même sur une carte de l'Europe leur territoire n'est que très peu considérable. Pourtant, depuis plus d'un millier d'années elles constituent un Etat autonome, le Danemark.Il n'y a que peu de pays pour lesquels la mer ait eu une plus grande importance qu'elle ne l'a eue pour ce pays-là, et peu de nations qui aient eu le sentiment d'un contact plus intime avec la mer que la nation danoise. Tandis qu'ailleurs la mer est plutôt un élément séparateur, pour le Danemark elle a été l'agent rattachant en une unité les îles et la péninsule; elle a constitué les chemins de communication autour desquels, vers la fin de l'Age de l'antiquité, a pris naissance le pays de Danemark. C'est la conformation géologique de ce pays dont on rendra sommairement compte dans le présent ouvrage.
Systematic 1:500 000 mapping in the Peary Land region, North Greenland
Authors: Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

The second season of a three year systematic field mapping programme in the Peary Land region, north of latitude 81°N and east of longitude 40° W, was carried out from June to August 1979. The aim of the programme is to produce a 1:500000 map sheet of eastern North Greenland and to investigate the geological framework of the region. As in 1978 the expedition was carried out in cooperation with a surveying group from the Geodetic Institute, Copenhagen, who mainly worked in the region west of Peary Land establishing ground control points for a new topographic map of North Greenland.
Archaean ultramafic rocks with relict spinifex textures in the Umanak area, central West Greenland
Authors: Knudsen J.C
Published: June 2021

Conspicuous olivine and serpentine textures were found in a number of ultramafic bodies in the Umanak area while it was being mapped on a scale of 1:20000. The rocks in the area mapped by the writer are mainly a suite of quartzo-feldspathic gneisses (Pulvertaft et al., this report) in which there are distinct amphibolite-dominated supracrustal horizons which enable the major structures of the area to be recognised. The structure which dominates the area is a large recumbent/rec1ined fold plunging ESE at a low angle and closing to the NNE. Isoclinal folds belonging to an earlier phase, and late open folding have also been recognised in the area.
Field work in central west Disko, 1979
Authors: Pedersen A.K , Ulff-Møller F
Published: June 2021

Field work in the summer 1979 was concentrated in the area between 69°45'N and 70°00'N from the west coast into central Disko (fig. 15). Transport facilities were provided by the GGU cutter J. F. Johnstrup and by a helicopter. Two field teams led by A.K.P. and F.U.-M. completed extensive field investigations which together with work reported by Pedersen (1977) and Ulff-Møller (1979) will enable a final photogrammetric compilation af the geological map sheet 69 V. 1 N to be made. A.K.P. studied the Vaigat Formation and the Nordfjord and Niaqussat members of the Maligât Formation. F.U.-M. studied the Rinks Dal member of the Maligât Formation and dyke intrusions with native iran bearing rocks contaminated by sediment.
Developments in petroleum exploration offshore West Greenland
Authors: Risum J.B , Croxton C.A , Rolle F
Published: June 2021

The West Greenland shelf south of 72°N has been the subject of petroleum exploration since 1970. A preliminary prospecting phase from 1970 to 1973 led to the granting of 13 exclusive concessions in April 1975. In 1975, 1976 and 1977 the exploration activity on the shelf was intensified and five exploratory wells were drilled. These five wells all proved to be dry and therefore the preliminary evaluation of the area was negative. As aresult of this all concessions were relinquished by 31st December 1978.
Fossils from the Paradisfjeld Group, North Greenland fold belt
Authors: Peel J.S , Higgins A.K
Published: June 2021

Fossils are recorded for the first time from the Paradisfjeld Group of eastern North Greenland. The Paradisfjeld Group consists of a thick sequence (c. 1000 m) of re-deposited carbonates some of which are of turbiditic origin (Hurst & Surlyk, 1980; Soper et al. 1980) occurring near the base of the trough sequence exposed in the North Greenland fold belt. Eleven samples collected in 1969 and 1979 by P. R. Dawes, N. J. Soper, J. D. Friderichsen and A. K. H. on the north side of Frederick E. Hyde Fjord, about 10 km east of Midtkap, were crushed, digested in acetic acid and the dried, sieved residues were density separated in tetrabromoethane.One of the samples, GGU 255639,a calcareous siltstone from the upper part of the sequence, yielded fragmentary phosphatic fossils in the heavy fraction. The scarce fragments include inarticulate brachiopods, curved phosphatic tubes and a broken phosphatic internal mould of a spicule of Chancelloria.
A new Silurian Hemiarges (Trilobita) from North Greenland and the question of the Polaris Harbour Formation
Authors: Lane P.D , Dawes P.R , Peel J.S
Published: June 2021

Trilobites collected nearly 60 years ago by Lauge Koch at Newmann Bugt, North Greenland, and said to be probably derived from the so-called Polaris Harbour Formation, are described as Hemiarges ethnikos n. sp. Comparisons with Canadian species suggest a possibie Pridoli (Late Silurian) age. The history of the Polaris Harbour Formation is reviewed in the light of the recent publication of a geological map prepared by Koch in 1931 showing the distribution of the formation. However, on account of difficulties concerning the type locality and the supposed lithology, an earlier recommendation that use of the formation name be discontinued is supported.
Giant Mollusca (Hyolitha) from the Permian of East Greenland
Authors: Peel J.S , Yochelson E.L
Published: June 2021

Elongate, narrowly conical fossils from the Permian of Kap Stosch, northern East Greenland, are referred to the genus Macrotheca, previously known only from Pakistan and Timor. The specimens, and similar problematie molluscs from the Soviet Union previously referred to an extinct Class Xenoconchia, are interpreted as unusually large members of the extinct Class Hyolitha.
Extension of Zr-REE-Nb resources at Kangerdluarssuk, Ilímaussaq intrusion
Authors: Bailey J.C , Bohse H , Demina A
Published: June 2021

The high contents of zirconium in many rocks and minerals of the Ilimaussaq alkaline intrusion have been known for over 150 years. The early geologists were particularly attracted by the red kakortokites of Kangerdluarssuk with their high contents of eudialyte, (Na, Ca)5(Zr, Fe3)(Si6O18)(OH, Cl). Bohse et al. (1971) concluded from field and laboratory studies that the kakortokites (here, the lower layered kakortokites) as a whole possess a geometric mean ZrO2 content of 1.2% with reserves of 51.6 million tons ZrO2.
Distribution of lithium and fluorine in lujavrites from the Ilímaussaq intrusion
Authors: Bailey J.C , Gwozdz R , Rose-Hansen J , Andersen L.S , Sørensen H
Published: June 2021

The development of a relatively rapid neutron activation technique, involving fast transfer of samples from the reactor followed by Cerenkov counting, has allowed us to extend the analytical coverage of Li and F in the Ilimaussaq lujavrites and their minerals. On geological grounds the lujavrites have been regarded as crystallising from the final agpaitic magmas at Ilimaussaq. In agreement with this, contents of Li and F - which are normally maximal in residual magmas - have been shown to attain their highest levels within the lujavrites (Gerasimovsky, 1969; Ferguson, 1970). However, these studies failed to agree on the absolute contents of Li in the lujavrites. For aegirine lujavrite and arfvedsonite lujavrite, Gerasimovsky (1969) reported averages of 155 and 791 ppm, respectively, whereas Ferguson (1970) found only 90 and 226 ppm. Hamilton (1964) only reported 80 ppm Li in a single sample of arfvedsonite lujavrite.
Evolution of Th and U whole-rock contents in the Ilímaussaq intrusion
Authors: Bailey J.C , Rose-Hansen J , Løvborg L , Sørensen H
Published: June 2021

A great variety of investigations have been made on the distribution of Tb and U in the Ilimaussaq alkaline intrusion, South Greenland. The major emphasis has been placed on economic assessment of the Kvanefjeld uranium deposit (Sørensen et al., 1974) but attention has also been given to the Tb and U contents of rocks and minerals outside the deposit (Buchwald & Sørensen, 1961; Sørensen, 1962; Hamilton, 1964; Gerasimovsky, 1969; Bohse et al., 1974; Steenfelt & Bohse, 1975). In the present study, we present Tb and U values largely obtained by laboratory gamma-ray spectrometric (GRS) analysis of a large collection of representative samples taken from all rock types of the intrusion. The results are discussed in relation to current knowledge and ideas on the petrologic evolution of the Ilimaussaq intrusion.
Systematic 1:500 000 mapping in the Peary Land region, North Greenland
Authors: Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

The third and last year of a systematic field mapping programme in eastem North Greenland was carried out from June to August 1980. The work concluded the field investigations for the 1:500 000 map sheet, while in addition reconnaissance investigations were carried out to the south of the planned map sheet boundary at 81°N latitude (fig. 3). As an integrated part of the mapping, general geological investigations were included in the research. As in the previous two years the logistic back-up for the expedition was arranged in co-operation with a surveying group from the Geodetic Institute, Copenhagen, who established ground control data for new topographical maps of North and North-East Greenland.
A preliminary study of flow directions of Tertiary hyaloclastites and pahoehoe lava flows on Svartenhuk Halvø, West Greenland
Authors: Larsen J.G
Published: June 2021

Field work on Svartenhuk Halvø in connection with the 1:100 000 map was started in 1980 and a preIiminary description of the basalts is reported here. This work is a continuation of the mapping further south on Ubekendt Ejland (1:100 000 map sheet Igdlorssuit 71 V. 1 Syd, Larsen, in press). A brief summary of the basalts from Svartenhuk Halvø is given by Clarke & Pedersen (1976). The present work is concerned with the oIivine-rich basalts of the lower formation in which flow directions were deduced from foreset bedding in the hyaloclastites (cf. Fuller, 1931) and inclination of pipe amygdales in pahoehoe lava flows (cf. Du Toit, 1907; Waters, 1960; Schmincke, 1967). The aim was to locate the palaeoslope and source areas.
Glaciological investigations at Qamanârssûp sermia, West Greenland
Authors: Olesen O.B
Published: June 2021

As part of the GGU programme for the regional mapping ofthe hydroelectric potential of West Greenland, glaciological investigations were started at the Qamanârssûp sermia in 1979. The glacier is situated at the innermost part of Godthåbsfjord (Kangersuneq) and is an outlet glacier from the Inland Ice proper, running west down to about 60 m above sea level. From the snout up to the 1500 m contour line the area has been measured to be 146 km2. Above this height the boundaries of the drainage area have not yet been adequately defined, so no area measurement has been attempted.
Systematic geological mapping in the Peary Land - Kronprins Christian Land region, North Greenland
Authors: Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

The third and last season of the three year systematic fjeld mapping programme in eastem North Greenland was carried out in June-August 1980. The work concluded the field investigations for the 1:500000 map sheet covering the region north of c. lat. 81°N and east of c. 40°W. In addition, reconnaissance investigations were carried out south of the planned map sheet boundary and general geological investigations were included in the research of the whole area.
The Caledonian nappes of Kronprins Christian Land, eastern North Greenland
Authors: Hurst J.M , McKerrow W.S
Published: June 2021

The earliest geological reconnaissance work in Kronprins Christian Land concerned with the Caledonian nappes was that of Nielsen (1941). Subsequently, Fränkl (1954, 1955) published maps of selected areas and a greatly simplified map of the central part of Kronprins Christian Land between Marmorvigen, Centrum Sø, and Romer Sø (fig. 4). Haller (1970, 1971) studied Kronprins Christian Land from the air as part of a larger operation in East Greenland. His conclusions concerning the nappes followed the work of Fränkl (1954, 1955). The primary aims of the 1980 field season were to remap the clastic sediments contained on the Caledonian nappes, to establish a detailed stratigraphy on each nappe and to correlate between each nappe and the platform sediments.
The Wandel Sea Basin from Holm Land to Lockwood Ø, eastern North Greenland
Authors: Håkansson E , Heinberg C , Stemmerik L
Published: June 2021

The field work in the Wandel Sea Basin in 1980 (fig. 17) concluded the geological study initiated in 1976 (Håkansson & Heinberg, 1977; Håkansson, 1979). During the field seasons large collections of fossils and sediments were made throughout the Early Carboniferous to Paleocene sequence (fig. 18). Investigation of this material is at a preliminary stage, and detailed biostratigraphic correlations and lateral facies relations have yet to be established for most intervals. The present report summarises the observations made in 1980 and gives preliminary results.
Volcanic centres between Frigg Fjord and Midtkap, eastern North Greenland
Authors: Parsons I
Published: June 2021

A series of smal! volcanic centres cut Ordovician turbidites of Formation A in the southem part of Johannes V. Jensen Land between Midtkap and Frigg Fjord (Map 2). Their general location and main rock types were described by Soper et al. (1980) and their nomenclature is adopted here for fig. 22 with the addition of the small pipe B2. A further small intrusion, south-west of Frigg Fjord, was described by Pedersen (1980). The centres lie 5-10 km south of, and parallel to, the important Harder Fjord fault zone (fig. 22) which traverses the southern part of the North Greenland fold belt and shows substantial downthrow to the south (Higgins et al., this report).
The age of the Tavsens Iskappe Group, central North Greenland
Authors: Peel J.S
Published: June 2021

The Tavsens Iskappe Group was proposed by Peel (1979) for a sequence of strata occurring between the Brønlund Fjord Group and the sub-Wandel Valley Formation unconformity around Hans Tavsens Iskappe in south-western Peary Land, central North Greenland. Ineson & Peel (1980) recognised seven formations within the group with an estimated maximum preserved thickness of about 700 m. To the west of Hans Tavsens Iskappe, the group is mainly represented by three formations, informally referred to as T1, T2 and T3 in ascending order, although a fourth formation (T4) occurs to the south. A largely parallel sequence occurs on the eastern side of Hans Tavsens Iskappe, but difficulties in precise correlation require a different nomenclature (formations T5, T6, T7). Faunas are best known from the western side of the ice cap and it is consequently formations T1, T2 and T3 which establish the known age range of the group.
Towards a refined stratigraphy for the basalts of Svartenhuk Halvø
Authors: Jørgensen K.A
Published: June 2021

Mapping of the Tertiary basalts of the Svartenhuk Halvø area (Larsen, 1981a,b) at a scale of 1:100000 (sheet 71 V N) was continued during the 1981 field season (fig. 5). The work was concentrated on the northern and north-western part of the area, with emphasis on detailed profiles rather than on general mapping. A total of 11 profiles were measured, with an aggregate thickness of 6000 m. The profiles are divided into two including (a) four main profiles which were intensely sampled and (b) seven auxilliary profiles, which have only been moderately sampled. The measured profiles give an overlapping view of the middle formation of Larsen (1981), while the lower and upper formations have only been partially measured and sampled (fig. 5).
Transitional amphibolite-granulite facies granites, diorites and metavolcanic amphibolites in the Isukasia map sheet, southern West Greenland
Authors: Hall R.P , Hughes D.J
Published: June 2021

Detailed mapping of the north-west quadrant of the 1: 100 000 scale Isukasia geological map sheet was begun in 1981 (fig. 16). The area was previously visited during the 1977 helicopter reconnaissance mapping programme (Allaart et al., 1978) and from this work the stratigraphy was known only in the broadest of terms. The 1981 work has shown that the area is comprised of five principallithostratigraphic units, listed in Table 3.
Mapping in the Fiskefjord area, southern West Greenland
Authors: Garde A.A , McGregor V.R
Published: June 2021

Previous geological work on the 1:100000 map sheet 64 V.l N (fig. 15) includes published maps of smaller areas by Berthelsen (1960, 1962) and Lauerma (1964), mapping by Kryolitselskabet Øresund A/S (Bridgwater et al., 1976) and mapping by GGU geologists for the 1:500000 map sheet Frederikshåb Isblink - Søndre Strømfjord (Allaart et al., 1977, 1978). The Amltsoq and Niik gneisses and Malene supracrustal rock units south and east of Godthåbsfjord have not so far been correlated with rocks in the Fiskefjord area. Godthåbsfjord separates the granulite facies gneisses in Nordlandet from amphibolite facies Nûk gneisses on Sadelø and Bjørneøen; the granulite facies metamorphism occurred at about 2850 m.y. (Black et al., 1973), while no published isotopic age determinations from the Fiskefjord area itself are available.
Mapping of Archaean rocks in part of the Ivisârtoq sheet
Authors: Coe K , Robertson S
Published: June 2021

Parts of Kangiussap nunâ were mapped in the 1981 field season at a scale of 1:20000 as the start of the Ivisârtoq project (Chadwick & Crewe, this report). This area was surveyed on reconnaissance scale in 1975 and brief accounts were published (Walton, 1976; Allaart et al., 1977). These accounts proved to be of value in predicting the type of geology to be expected, but in the course of the mapping contradictions were revealed and some of the speculative views expressed were found to be unacceptable. Problems centre on establishing satisfactory criteria for slotting all granitic types into established divisions. It is hazardous not only to attempt this without isotope geochemistry, but also to correlate units across the whole area. The reasons for this are three-fold: the deformation was probably not uniform; coeval units are mineralogicaIly not uniform; established field criteria for recognition of Amitsoq gneisses (presence of Ameralik dykes) are irregularly developed or not preserved. Thus whilst a sequence of events can be established in any sub-area, it is not often possibie to assign a gneiss body to one of the major groups (Amitsoq or Nuk), and because of the irregular deformation it is not always possibie to distinguish between Nuk gneisses and rocks of Qórqut affinity. It does not follow from this, as suggested by Walton (1976), that the Qórqut granite started to develop in Nûk times.
Reconnaissance mapping of the Precambrian rocks between Uivaq (63°03'N) and Bernstorffs Isfjord (63°38'N), South-East Greenland
Authors: Escher J.C , Nielsen T.F.D
Published: June 2021

A programme for the mapping of the Archaean and Nagssugtoqidian rocks between 62°30' and 67°00' on the south-east coast of Greenland was initiated in August 1981(fig. 25). The aim of the programme is the production of a 1:500 000 geological map sheet (sheet no. 14) covering the Tingmiarmiut-AngmagssaIik region. Due to the late retreat of the pack ice in South-West and South-East Greenland in 1981, the field season was limited to 17 working days. Logistic support for the two mapping parties was provided by two inflatable dingies with outboard motors and by the GGU motor cutter K. J. V. Steenstrup. This summer's investigations only covered the areas accessibIe from the fjords, but at a later stage of the programme it is planned to visit the more remote inland areas by helicopter. There has been little previous geological investigation of the region. R. Bøgvad sailed along the coast in 1932 during the seventh Thule expedition and reconnaissance mapping for the 1:2500000 tectonic geological map of Greenland (Escher, 1970) was carried out by D. Bridgwater and K. Gormsen during the summers of 1967 and 1968 (Bridgwater & Gormsen, 1968, 1969). Bridgwater kindly placed all available data collected during these two expeditions at our disposal. Although no radiometric measurements have yet been made on the rocks collected, there is little doubt that most of the rocks are of Archaean age, because of their very dose resemblance to the Archaean of West Greenland. No mineralisation of possible economic value was observed.
Marine geophysical investigations offshore East Greenland
Authors: Larsen H.C , Andersen M.S
Published: June 2021

During August and September 1981 a marine geophysical survey was conducted on the shelf of East Greenland. The survey consisted of two programmes, one being part of the ongoing regional project NAD (Andersen et al., 1981; Risum, 1980, and Larsen & Thorning, 1980), and the other being a small programme in the Denmark Strait (fig. 26). In all 2388 km of 24-fold multi-channel seismic data and marine gravity and magnetic data were acquired. The objective of the NAD programme is to acquire regional coverage of aeromagnetic, multi-channel seismic reflection, seismic refraction (sonobuoy), marine gravity and magnetic data of the East Greenland Shelf between latitudes 60°N and 78°N. Aeromagnetic data comprising 63000 line kilometres were acquired in 1979 (Larsen & Thorning, 1980) and 2610 km of marine geophysical data were acquired in 1980 (Andersen et al., 1981). It is anticipated that the NAD acquisition programme will be completed in 1982 after a further four weeks marine geophysical survey. The objective of the Denmark Strait programme is to map the deeper structure and subsurface configuration of what is assumed to be the basaltic basement of this region (Larsen, 1980), and to obtain stratigraphic information of the overlying sedimentary succession with special emphasis on the evaluation of the subsidence history of the region.
Establishment of a new survey station at Tasersiaq
Authors: Olesen O.B
Published: June 2021

As part of the GGU programme for the regional mapping of the hydroeleetric potential of West Greenland a new glaciological field station was established during August and September this year. The new station is situated at 66°6.5'N, 500 7.3'W near the long (73 km) and narrow (1.5-2 km) lake Tasersiaq just east of Sukkertoppen Ice Cap (fig. 30). With an estimated hydroelectric potential of more than 1000 GWh/year (GTO, September 1980) the Tasersiaq basin ranks as one of the largest potential sources of energy from the westcoast basins.
Inferences from a 19 m firn core, Nordbogletscher, South Greenland
Authors: Braithwaite R.J , Clement P , Clausen H
Published: June 2021

During the 1981 field season on the Nordbogletscher, South Greenland, a fim core of almost 19 m was recovered (R. J. B. & P. c.) and isotopic analyses of the resulting samples were made at the geophysical Institute, University of Copenhagen (H. C.). The collection of such a core represents a modest first venture by the GGU into a new fieId. However, some findings have emerged which are interesting both in connection with the Johan Dahl Land project (Clement, 1981) and the long-term programme of modelling glacier hydrology (Braithwaite, 1981).
Deposition of Malene supracrustal rocks on an Amîtsoq basement in outer Ameralik, southern West Greenland
Authors: Nutman A.P , Bridgwater D
Published: June 2021

Contact relations between Amîtsoq gneisses and Malene supracrustal rocks are described from Simuitâ and Qilángârssuit. It is concluded that primary depositional contacts are still preserved at some localities and that local apparent gradational features may represent a regolith. The sequence on Simuitâ is: Amîtsoq gneiss, banded white quartzite, mica schist with 'chert' and amphibolite. Primary layering in the lower unit is continuous and not truncated at the contact with the gneisses. The suggested primary contact and composition of the quartzitic unit are consistent with derivation by rapid weathering of older sial to form a quartz-rich arkose. The overlying mica schists are highly ferromagnesian and have high Cr and Ni contents suggesting a possibie basic source. The amphibo!ite is interpreted as being derived from originallayered basic igneous parent probably tuffs interlayered with differentiated sills. The succession on Qilángârssuit consists of basal mica schists and 'cherts', amphibolites, and an upper AI-rich metasediment unit. The lower units are interpreted as deposited on an Amîtsoq gneiss basement. The upper unit is progressively cut off to the north by a thrust contact with an overlying Amîtsoq gneiss unit. The differences between the basal Malene sequences over 12-15 km suggest they represent local, near-shore depositional environments rather than more extensive ocean basins.
Fe-Ti oxides in the Malene supracrustals and the occurrence of Nb-rich rutile
Authors: Dymek R.F
Published: June 2021

Data are presented on Fe-Ti oxide compositions and assemblages in Malene supracrustal rocks from the Godthåb District and surrounding territory, West Greenland. Amphibolite facies samples contain ilmenite ± rutile, in which the ilmenite has a low Fe2O3-content (
Mapping of the Isukasia sheet, southern West Greenland
Authors: Garde A.A , Hall R.P , Hughes D.J , Jensen S.B , Nutman A.P , Stecher O
Published: June 2021

Field work for the Isukasia map sheet north of Godthåbsfjord, started in 1981 (Allaart et al., 1982), was continued in 1982. A tent base camp was set up at the fjord Kangiussaq both summers. In 1982 seventeen fjeld teams and the glaciological station Qamanârssup sermia were supplied from the base by the GGU cutter J. F. Johnstrup and by a Jet Ranger helicopter based in Kangiussaq. Twelve mapping geologists worked on the two map sheets Ivisartoq and Isukasia, and five teams carried out ore geological, geochemical and geophysical investigations (see Appel, Chadwick et al., Jensen & Secher, and Secher, this volume). The field work was carried out from June 20th to August 28th. The Isukasia map sheet is situated north-east of the head of Fiskefjord, around the lake Taserssuaq. To the east it is bounded by the Inland lee, from which the glacier Sarqap sermia enters Taserssuaq. Most of the area is a lake strewn, undulating plateau at elevations between 500 and 800 m. Outcrops are generally good aIthough there are some Quaternary boulder fields, the largest of whieh extends over some 25 km2 in the north-east corner of the map sheet. The north-north-east trending Ataneq fauIt zone (see below), which oeeurs some 25 km east of Taserssuaq, separates an area of early Archaean rocks (induding the Isua supracrustals) from rocks to its west of probable late Archaean age. The younger rocks make up the bulk of the Isukasia map sheet.
Field work in the north of the Ivisârtoq region, inner Godthåbsfjord, southern West Greenland
Authors: Chadwick B , Crewe M.A , Park J.F.W
Published: June 2021

The programme of field investigations in the north of the Ivisartoq region begun in 1981 by Chadwick & Crewe (1982) was continued in 1982. Julia Park began mapping the Taserssuaq granodiorite, its host rocks and the Ataneq fault in the north-west. Dur team was joined by D. Bellur, Geological Survey of India, nominally as an assistant. In this report we present only summary notes of new findings relevant to the interpretation of the geometry and chronology of this segment of the Archaean crust in southern West Greenland. We use the established terminology for the Archaean rocks of the Godthåbsfjord region.
Provisional results of isotope investigations into quartzo-feldspathic rocks from Kangiussap nunâ, Ivisârtoq sheet, southern West Greenland
Authors: Robertson S
Published: June 2021

The geology of Kangiussap nuna has been described by Walton (1976), Allaart et al., (1977) and more recently, folIowing 1:20000 mapping, by Coe & Robertson (1982) (see also Brewer et al., this report). A heterogeneous banded gneiss believed to be Amitsoq is intruded by multiphase Nl1k gneiss. Coe & Robertson (1982) recognised five phases of Nl1k gneiss (Nl1k 1-5). These are cut by undeformed to weakly foliated granites and pegmatites which were judged to be of Qorqut age (Coe & Robertson, 1982). This report presents the results of Rb-Sr whole rock-analyses and provisional Pb isotope results on representative samples of Nl1k 1 to 4 and Qorqut granite (terminology of Coe & Robertson, 1982). These samples were collected during field mapping in 1981 as part of the Ivisiirtoq project for the Geological Survey of Greenland at the University of Exeter. Rb-Sr ratios were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry at the University of Oxford. Sr and Pb isotopes were measured in the same laboratories on VG Micromass 30 and Isomass 54E mass spectrometers, respectively. The generous assistance of P. N. Taylor and S. Moorbath is gratefully acknowledged.
A glaciological field and mapping programme in connection with hydropower, West Greenland
Authors: Thomsen H.H
Published: June 2021

As part of the GGU programme for mapping the hydroeleetrie potential of West Greenland, glaciological field work and glacier mapping have been started in areas proposed for loeal hydropower projects.
Photogrammetric investigations at glaciers in West Greenland
Authors: Knudsen N.T
Published: June 2021

In order to determine glacier variations, photogrammetric measurements and especiaIly terrestrial photogrammetric surveys have become increasingly important because they can be carried out accurately and quickly. As part of the GGU programme for regional mapping of the hydroelectric potential of glaciers in West Greenland, a photogrammetric survey was carried out at Qamanarssup serrnia in 1980 and in Johan Dahl Land in 1982. The survey was carried out by staff members from the Geological Institute, Aarhus University.
Hydrological modelling in Greenland in connection with hydropower
Authors: Braithwaite R.J
Published: June 2021

There is still interest in the possibility of using runoff for the generation of hydroelectric power in Greenland. However, systematic investigations of the hydrological conditions in the country are relatively recent. For example, the longest runoff series were only started in 1976, while measurements were started even later at potentially attractive sites near to Jakobshavn, Christianshåb, Godthåb, Frederikshåb, and Angmagssalik. A knowledge of hydrological conditions, especiaIly with respect to annual mnoff and its variability, is naturally one of the important components in the planning of hydropower projects. However, the sparsity of hydrological data in Greenland means that the identification and evaluation of possibie hydropower sites must be made initially in the complete absence of any measurements of runoff in the area. Once a site has been judged to be potentially attractive, measurements of runoff will, of course, be started there. Such measurements will continue for a few years but one cannot afford to wait for several decades to assernbie a statistically representative measurement series before making any decision about the feasibility of the project.
Glaciological reconnaissance, mass balance measurements and mapping programmes in connection with Greenland hydropower
Authors: Thomsen H.H
Published: June 2021

Glaciological field work and mapping programmes have been carried out in areas proposed for local hydropower projects.
Operation Grant Land 1965-1966; a geological exploration programme in Ellesmere Island and North Greenland
Authors: Dawes P.R
Published: June 2021

This paper summarises fjeld activities carried out in Greenland under the Canadian-Danish geological programme, Operation Grant Land, 1965-1966. The historical background and aims of Operation Grant Land are described and a short history of the geological exploration carried out in western North Greenland is given.
Investigation of the Qaqarssuk carbonatite complex, southern West Greenland
Authors: Knudsen C
Published: June 2021

During the summer of 1984 the Qaqarssuk carbonatite complex was visited as a part of the EEC supported project 'Apatite Mineralisations in Carbonatite and Ultramafic Intrusions in Greenland'. The complex is situated 60 km east of Sukkertoppen and was originally found and mapped by Kryolitselskabet Øresund AJS (Vuotovesi, 1974, and Gothenborg et al., 1977). The field work in 1984 was focussed on geological mapping of the complex (on 1: 10 000 orthophoto map), and on geophysical mapping of the thickness of the overburden (described by Kjærgaard & Olsen, this report). Collection of soil samples was carried out in order to evaluate a possibie residual soil cover as a source for phosphorous and niobium. Apatite and REE mineralised rocks were also sampled for beneficiation studies.
Geophysical field work in relation to mineral exploration programmes in South Greenland
Authors: Thorning L , Boserup M
Published: June 2021

Geophysical field work in connection with mineral exploration programmes was carried out in two areas in South Greenland: on the Narssaq peninsula south-west of Qagssiarssuk in co-operation with P. Nyegaard and A. Armour-Brown (Sydex project), and north of Motzfeldt Sø in co-operation with T. Tukiainen (Niobium project). This note briefly describes the objectives of the field work and gives examples of the data acquired from one area. The field activities were supported logistically from GGU's facilities in Narssarssuaq (J. Lau), and were carried out from tent camps in the two areas. Camps were moved by S-61 helicopter. Besides the authors, Egon Hansen (electronics technician) and Jette Halskov (assistant) participated in the field work which took place from June 27th to August 27th. The summer was characterized by frequent bad weather including storms and snow and, consequently, data coverage is not as complete as had been hoped. The main objectives of the field work, however, were achieved. There were several innovations in this summer's instrumentation (see later) and equipment. The use of two new tents (Hansen Weatherport, insulated) for the mess and 'geophysicaI' huts made it possibie to endure the hardships of long periods of bad weather and to make the geophysical equipment usable in sub-zero temperatures, fog and other types of adverse weather. These gains easily outbalance the slightly added total weight of the camp.
Systematic geological mapping in 1984 in central and western North Greenland
Authors: Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

The region between J. P. Koch Fjord (40°W) and north-eastem Washington Land (65°W) was the site of geological mapping and general geological investigations during the first of a two season systematic fjeld mapping programme. An expedition of 37 members, comprising 12 geological two-man parties and 13 supporting personnel including aircraft crews, worked in the region for two months during the summer. The preliminary resuIts of the geological work are presented in 12 contributions from the individual geologists in this report (GGU report no. 126).
Lowermost Ordovician sandstones in central North Greenland
Authors: Bryant I.D , Smith M.P
Published: June 2021

A prominent cliff-forming white sandstone occurs within the thick sequence of Cambro-Ordovician carbonate sediments in western North Greenland. The unit has been traced from Nares Land to Warming Land, attaining a maximum thickness of 53 m, and is here named the Permin Land Formation. A thinner sandstone (maximum thickness 15 m) occurs within the upper part of the Cass Fjord Formation of Daugaard-Jensen Land and is named the Kap Coppinger Member of that formation. These units are considered to be coeval and of early Ibexian (earliest Ordovician) age.
Lower and Middle Ordovician platform carbonate lithostratigraphy of Warming Land, Wulff Land and Nares Land, North Greenland
Authors: Sønderholm M , Due P.H
Published: June 2021

Four formations, namely the Johansen Land Formation (new), the Warming Land Formation (new) including the Røhling Land Member (new), the Steensby Gletscher Formation (new) and the Cape Webster Formation, are assigned to the lower part of the Ordovician platform carbonate sequence in the Warming Land/Nares Land region. These are formally described, and a correlation with the sequences in Washington Land and Peary Land is proposed.
Environmental studies in connection with mining activity in Greenland
Authors: Asmund G
Published: June 2021

The Geological Survey of Greenland monitors the environment around mining sites in Greenland. At the lead-zinc mine Black Angel at Marmorilik, tailings are disposed directly into the sea and this resuIts in considerable dissolution of zinc, cadmium and especially lead. At Ivigtut, where cryolite was formerly mined, dispersion of lead into the marine environment has been observed, and at the depleted lead-zinc mine at Mestersvig severe metal dispersion from a land-based tailing deposit has been demonstrated.
Exploration of the Sarfartôq carbonatite complex, southern West Greenland
Authors: Secher K
Published: June 2021

Carbonatite was emplaced in two stages at c. 600 Ma in the border between the Archaean craton and the Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt. During and after emplacement hydrothermal activity gave rise to fenitisation and alteration with increased contents of Nb and REE adjacent to the igneous core.
Tungsten mineralisation in Archaean supracrustal rocks at Sermitsiaq, southern West Greenland
Authors: Olsen H.K
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the field work was detailed mapping of the eastern part of the island Sermitsiaq in outer Godthåbsfjord, with special reference to its tungsten mineralisation (Appel, 1983). During six weeks in the summer of 1985 a geological map was made using enlarged aerial photographs at scale 1:10 000, and scheelite showings were localised with ultra-violet lamps at night (fig. 1). Thefollowing report is based on field observations and X-ray determination of scheelite in four rock samples.
Geological photogrammetry using standard colour slides
Authors: Dueholm K.S , Garde A.A
Published: June 2021

Photogrammctric mapping methods (Dueholm, 1979; Jepsen & Dueholm, 1978; Pedersen, 1981) are widely used by the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU). However, until now it has only been possible to use vertical aerial photographs taken with large frame photogrammetric cameras. As a major part af the geology in Greenland is exposed on steep mountain sides. there are many afcas that e(]llllot be rnappcd from vertical aerial pl1otographs. In 1983 a research projccl was set up to invcstigate phologrammetric mapping using commerci ally available oblique aeria! photographs, as well as terrestriaJ photographs taken by geologists with ordinary 24/36 mm cameras (fig. 1). A new type of photogrammetric instrument, the Kern DSR11/GP1 AnalyticaI Plotter, was procured for this and other projects. Here we present results and experience from the first successful mapping in Greenland with an ordinary 24/36 mm camera.
Greenland ice cap aeromagnetic survey 1985: magnetic measurements over the southern end of the Greenland ice cap
Authors: Thorning L , Bower M , Hardwick C.D , Hood P.J
Published: June 2021

In continuation of previous aeromagnetic survey work in 1983 and 1984 (Thorning et al., 1984, 1985) operations were carried out in April 1985 over a part of the Greenland ice cap south of the area surveyed in 1984. The reconnaissance lines flown in 1984 gave reason to expect that the geological structures in this part of Greenland would be reflected in the aeromagnetic fieid. This proved to be the case. The GICAS project is a cooperation between the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), and the National AeronauticaI Establishment (NAE) of the National Research Council of Canada.