bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative Geophysical Studies at the Novaya Kurya-1 Cemetery in the Kulunda Steppe
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pozdnyakova O. A. , Balkov E. V. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dyadkov P. G. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Marchenko Z. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Grishin A. E. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Evmenov N. D. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

В статье представлены результаты комплексного исследования курганного могильника Новая Курья-1 (юг Западной Сибири) с помощью дистанционных методов, включающих аэрофотосъемку, наземную магнитометрию, высокоточную аэромагнитную съемку, электромагнитное профилирование и электротомографию. При обработке данных использованы оригинальные методики по построению карт относительного рельефа и инверсии данных разновысотной наземной магнитной съемки. Первая из них снижает влияние естественного рельефа местности и подчеркивает высотные аномалии, связанные с деятельностью человека, что повышает эффективность анализа цифровой модели рельефа. Вторая позволяет оценить мощность и глубину залегания аномальных магнитных тел или горизонтов, предоставляя не только планиграфическую информацию, но и возможность оценки двух- и трехмерной геометрии исследуемых объектов. В результате проведенных исследований в составе могильника выявлено не менее 14 курганов, шесть из которых не имеют выраженных рельефных признаков. Особенности строения позволяют отнести большинство из них к раннескифскому времени (VIII—V вв. до н.э.). По итогам интерпретации данных, полученных высокопроизводительными методами с использованием беспилотных технологий, позволивших провести съемку большой площади (ок. 25 га), дана оценка границ памятника. Обнаружено несколько объектов, для идентификации которых требуется провести дополнительные исследования.
Hephthalite Coin from an Early Medieval Burial at Gorny-10, Northern Altai
Authors:   Altai State University, Seregin N. N. , Tishin V. V. ,   Altai State University,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Stepanova N. F. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

В статье представлены результаты изучения серебряной монеты, обнаруженной в ходе раскопок одного из объектов некрополя Горный-10 на Северном Алтае. Памятник исследовался экспедициями Алтайского государственного университета в 2000-2003 гг. Монета находилась в разрушенном детском захоронении (мог. 46), содержавшем довольно яркий для погребений представителей данной возрастной группы инвентарь. По результатам анализа предметов конского снаряжения и украшений комплекс датирован концом VI — началом VIII в. н.э. Установлено, что серебряная монета представляет собой имитацию драхм сасанидского шаха Пероза I. Она идентифицирована как тип (или эмиссия) 287 по классификации Р. Гёбля. Отличительной характеристикой данного изделия, относящегося к одному из наиболее распространенных типов эфталитских монет, является высокий процент серебра и отсутствие золота в составе сплава. К настоящему времени монета не имеет аналогов в исследованных памятниках Северной и Центральной Азии. Одним из вероятных объяснений появления данного изделия на территории лесостепного Алтая являются контакты местного населения с тюрками в период их активного противоборства с эфталитами в первые десятилетия второй половины VI в. н.э.
Patterns in the Population History of Northern Eurasia from the Mesolithic to the Early Bronze Age, Based on Craniometry and Genetics
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, Kozintsev A. G.
Published: December 2021

Цель исследования — рассмотреть краниометрические данные о популяционной изменчивости на территории Северной Евразии под углом зрения генетических и отчасти лингвистических фактов. Измерения 66 серий мужских черепов разных эпох (от мезолита до раннего бронзового века) с этой территории обработаны статистическими методами, специально предназначенными для изучения пространственных закономерностей, в частности градиентов. С помощью неметрического многомерного шкалирования матрицы расстояний D2 (с поправкой на численность) получена двумерная проекция взаимоположения групп, построено минимальное остовное дерево, показывающее кратчайший путь между точками в многомерном пространстве. Обнаруживаемые генетическими и краниометрическими данными восточно-западные градиенты на территории Северной Евразии свидетельствуют, видимо, не столько о смешении, сколько о незавершенности процесса дифференциации бореального надрасового ствола. Западный компонент, представленный в Сибири и Центральной Азии носителями афанасьевской культуры, вероятно, мало повлиял на генетический облик местных популяций. Восточный компонент, проникший в неолите из Забайкалья в Прибайкалье, смешался там с автохтонным палеосибирским. Главный генетический маркер коренного населения — аутосомный компонент ANE — присутствовал в Сибири с верхнего палеолита. Автохтонными следует считать и обе евразийские формации — северную и южную. Статистический анализ позволил включить в их состав новые группы, причем границы первой расширились на восток до Кузнецкой котловины, а второй — на запад до Среднего Прииртышья. Участие восточно-европейских групп в генезисе северной евразийской формации и протоуральской общности обнаружить не удается.
Traditional Culture of the Life Support of Buryats: Genesis and Dynamics
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Badmaev A.A.
Published: December 2021

Th e monograph is the fi rst ethnohistorical study devoted to the analysis of the development of the culture of life support of the Buryats during the 18th–19th centuries. Th e work considers the formation of the traditional culture of life support of the Buryats in the context of ethnoand cultural genesis, examines its development in the fi rst half of the 19th century and describes the infl uence of sedentarization policies and practices on it, traces the ways and results of its transformation in the second half of the 19th century and identifi es trends in modernization. Th e book is addressed to ethnographers, historians, cultural scientists and anyone interested in the problems of Buryat culture.
MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL RESULTS OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Authors: Popova A. A. , Aksenova E. A.
Published: December 2021

This article considers the scientific problem of managing the financial results of an enterprise, presents the procedure for forming the financial results of an enterprise. The concept of financial results management at the enterprise and its main components are defined. The economic significance of profit and the features of its impact on the activities of enterprises are analyzed. The essence, role and features of the process of forming financial results as an element of the general enterprise management system and its main goals are determined. The principles and methods of managing financial results in order to optimize the profitability of modern enterprises are described. The methods of improving the indicators of financial results of the enterprise in the conditions of digitalization of the economy are disclosed.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECH PRODUCTION
Authors: Kryukov I. A.
Published: December 2021

This study is based on a comprehensive analysis of high-tech production as an economic phenomenon. The article on “Theoretical and practical aspects of high-tech production development” reveals the main approaches to the definition of a high-tech complex, a high-tech sector, a high-tech industry, and high-tech products. The article focuses on the allocation of industries according to the level of manufacturability, and describes the main development trends of the following high-tech sectors of the Russian economy: pharmaceuticals, power engineering, production of medical equipment, civil aviation and information technology sector. The key purpose of the study is to research theoretical and practical aspects of high-tech production development. To achieve the purpose, it is necessary: to consider the main approaches to the definition of high-tech production, to disclose the problem of determining the industries by the level of manufacturability, to describe the development of high-tech sectors in the Russian economy.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in a number of unknown and little known facts, as well as in the development of theoretical provisions on the issue of defining high-tech production and selecting industries by the level of technology, and in the analysis of the development of key indicators of some high-tech industries. The research is based on the articles of foreign and Russian authors, various Internet resources, analytical materials prepared by the Higher School of Economics, as well as statistical compilations presented on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service.
Other Race Effect: Theoretical Concepts, Research Tools, Experimental Data
Authors: Ananyeva K.I.
Published: December 2021

The results of a literature review on the effect of other races are presented. The studies are presented that demonstrate the rich phenomenology of the features of perception, recognition and memorization of the faces of one’s own and other racial groups. The main models explaining the occurrence of the effect of the other race are given.
Studies of Interrelated Changes in Brain Activity During Social Interactions Using Hyperscanning
Authors: Murtazina E.P. , Buyanova I.S.
Published: December 2021

The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying social behavior are still poorly understood. An increasing number of international studies uses hyperscanning for simultaneous recording of brain activation from several individuals during social interaction. Despite the outstanding school of Russian social psychology, the number of studies investigating the neurophysiological basis of social behavior in humans is still limited in the Russian literature. The goal of the present work was to review the hyperscanning methods, i.e., methods for simultaneous recording of physiological indices used to investigate inter-brain synchronization during social interactions. The paper discusses methods for recording and analysis of multi-subject data representing the changes in brain activity, existing experimental and naturalistic models, key results, as well as applied and fundamental aspects of the implementation of this technique in social psychology and neuroscience. Introduction of the methods which allow for a better understanding of physiological mechanisms of social interactions may significantly contribute to the development of innovative approaches to improving educational process, teamwork in various professional areas, social welfare, and psychosomatic health of people.
Fonksiyonel Derecelendirilmiş Silindirin Isı İletiminin Chebyshev Pseudospektral Yöntemi İle Geçici Rejimdeki Analizi
Authors: KIRKÖSE Mehmet , YARIMPABUÇ Durmuş
Published: December 2021

Fourier olmayan hiperbolik ısı iletim modeli kullanılarak fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş sonsuz uzunlukta içi boş silindirin geçici rejimdeki analizi yapılmıştır. Termal gevşeme süresi dışında malzeme özelliklerinin radyal yönde üstel olarak değiştiği kabul edilmiştir. Sonsuz uzunlukta bir silindir ele alındığından silindirin alt ve üst ucundaki etkiler ihmal edilmiştir. Bu koşullar altında, uzay yönünde sadece radyal değişkene bağlı değişken katsayılı kısmi diferansiyel denklem elde edilir. Bu diferansiyel denkleme Laplace dönüşümü uygulanarak, Laplace uzayında zamandan bağımsız elde edilen lineer adi diferansiyel denklem, Chebyshev Pseudospektral yöntemi kullanılarak sayısal olarak çözülüp, Modifiye Edilmiş Durbin Ters Dönüşüm Yöntemi kullanılarak zaman uzayındaki çözüm elde edilir. Sıcaklık ve ısı akısının geçici dinamik tepkileri, özel bir metal-seramik karışımı alınarak ve çeşitli göreceli sıcaklık değişikliklerine göre incelenmiştir. Farklı zamanlarda sıcaklık dağılımı ve ısı akısının davranışı farklı şekiller üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Bu birleştirilmiş yöntemin doğruluğunu göstermek için literatürde mevcut olan çözümler kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan birleştirilmiş yöntemin, iyi yapılandırılmış, basit, etkili bir yöntem olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Image processing of optical vortex and determination of OAM
Authors: GÖK Makbule , KÖKSAL Koray
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyse the transverse spatial profile of the intensity of optical vortex patterns

which have been produced by using fork hologram and spatial light modulator. The properties of

intensity distribution has been investigated by using image processing technique. The results will

be very useful to understand the change of the intensity profile and the value of orbital angular

momentum of optical vortex patterns which are obtained experimentally.
24. GÜNEŞ DÖNGÜSÜ BOYUNCA MEYDANA GELEN JEOMANYETİK FIRTINALARIN DAĞILIMI
Authors: BAŞÇİFTÇİ Fuat
Published: December 2021

Jeomanyetik fırtına, genellikle gezegenler arası manyetik alandaki anormal koşullar ve çeşitli güneş aktivitelerinin neden olduğu güneş rüzgârı plazma emisyonları nedeniyle Dünya’ nın manyetik alanında küresel bir bozulmadır. Jeomanyetik aktivitesi diğer döngülere göre en düşük sevide olan 24. güneş döngüsüdür. Bu çalışmada 24. Güneş döngüsünde meydana gelen ve jeomanyetik aktivitenin ciddiyetini belirtmek için beş seviyeli bir sistem olan G ölçeğine göre belirlenen jeomanyetik fırtınaların dağılımı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca jeomanyetik fırtına indisi olan Kp indisi, jeomanyetik fırtınanın şiddetini belirleyen Dst indisi ve güneş döngüsündeki ortalama güneş lekesi sayıları veri olarak kullanılmıştır. 24. güneş döngüsünün maksimum aşaması olan 2014 yılında ortalama 113 güneş lekesi sayısı gözlemlenmiştir. 24. döngü dönemi boyunca G ölçeğine göre toplam 381 jeomanyetik fırtına oluşmuştur. Bu fırtınaların %67.45’ i G1, %25.46’ sı G2, %4.72’ si G3 ve %2.36’ sı G4 düzeyinde meydana gelmiştir. Dst indis değerlerine göre %16.54’ ü sakin, %32.28’ i zayıf, %43.83’ ü orta, %6.82’ si güçlü ve %0.52’ si şiddetli fırtına olarak belirlenmiştir. Kp indisine göre en güçlü fırtına 83 nT ile 22 Haziran 2015 ve 08 Eylül 2017 tarihlerinde, Dst indis değerine göre -223 nT ile 25 Haziran 2015 tarihinde gerçekleşmiştir.
Experiencia y emoción en arquitectura religiosa
Authors: León Alvarado Leticia Selene
Published: December 2021

Desde su inicio, la arquitectura ha sido capaz de influir en la experiencia y la emoción de las personas. Sin embargo, a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, la teoría de la arquitectura ha potenciado estos dos aspectos en aquéllos que dejan de concebirse como usuarios para reconocerse como habitantes. La arquitectura religiosa no escapa de esta realidad, puesto que, aunado a su carácter sagrado, está el hecho de que varios arquitectos, entre los que destaca el japonés Tadao Ando, se han concentrado en potenciar la vivencia desde la corporeidad. Con base en lo anterior, el presente documento tiene como objetivo analizar la forma en la que Tadao Ando materializa sus espacios religiosos, priorizando la experiencia y la emoción. Para ello, se analizan tres templos ubicados en Japón: la Capilla del Viento, la Capilla sobre el Agua y la Iglesia de la Luz.
Unha achega á aprendizaxe da lingua italiana polo estudantado universitario galego de nivel básico
Authors: Tucci Emiliana , Lourenzo-Módia Cilha
Published: December 2021

Unha das transformacións capitais producidas nas titulacións universitarias de ámbito lingüístico a partir da implantación da reforma de Boloña ten sido a introdución do enfoque comunicativo no ensino-aprendizaxe das linguas. Esta nova perspectiva ten achegado unha visión máis ampla e menos teórica do fenómeno lingüístico, mais, como consecuencia do maior protagonismo do enfoque comunicativo, tense producido certa desatención ao aspecto da corrección nos planos da Morfosintaxe, do Léxico e da Semántica; isto provoca que o estudantado se depare con dificultades gramaticais que nos plans de estudo anteriores se superaban con maior facilidade.

No sistema universitario galego esta situación reflíctese de maneira diversa dependendo de cal for a lingua primeira dos/das alumnos/as; o estudantado español-falante ten maiores problemas que o galego-falante na adquisición dos fundamentos gramaticais do italiano, a pesar de que na oralidade o idioma galego está hoxe bastante españolizado.

Así, este artigo ten como obxectivo sistematizar as vantaxes e os obstáculos que encontra o estudantado galego a fin de facilitar o traballo de docentes e discentes da lingua italiana no contexto universitario de Galiza. Por unha parte, desvendaranse as dificultades morfosintácticas e léxico-semánticas máis habituais ‒derivadas, as máis das veces, da interferencia co español‒ que o alumnado universitario galego encara nos primeiros momentos da aprendizaxe do idioma italiano; e, por outra banda, poranse de manifesto os aspectos comúns dos idiomas galego e italiano, que facilitan a adquisición deste último por funcionar o primeiro como interlingua.
Analysis of Mr. Collins’ proposal: Jane Austen’s realism as a strategy for social criticism
Authors: Jordán Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2021

Jane Austen's novels are a faithful portrait of many of the customs and rules of her time’s society. By depicting her sociocultural environment, Austen confers a greater realism to her works and adds coherence to her characters’ attitudes. She also employs realism as a strategy to make a subtle social criticism, highlighting the negative consequences of some of her time’s laws and rules. In the present article, a sociocultural context is offered about clerics, courtship and marriage proposals, and the legal device of the entailment, which will lead to a better understanding of the subsequent analysis of Pride and Prejudice’s chapter 19, in which Mr. Collins’ marriage proposal to Elizabeth Bennet is related. Through this analysis, the way in which Austen criticizes the precarious situation of women in her time will be explained, as well as its subsequent consequences on marriage engagements.
Siguiendo las “reglas del juego”: la aleatoriedad e indeterminación como casilla de salida de la composición en el aula
Authors: Castro Alonso Vicente , Chao-Fernández Aurelio , Pérez-Crego Cristina
Published: December 2021

Esta investigación-acción describe y analiza los resultados de una experiencia educativa basada en la composición e interpretación ante público de una pieza musical basada en los principios de la aleatoriedad y la indeterminación. A través de una inmersión históricamente fundamentada, el alumnado realiza un recorrido por las principales coordenadas estéticas de esta vanguardia, diseñando sus propias partituras mediante notación gráfica. El estudio, llevado a cabo con un grupo de estudiantes de 1º de bachillerato (Galicia, España), se articula en torno a los siguientes objetivos: 1) identificar comportamientos de engagement y participación proactiva; 2) describir y analizar la adecuación idiomática de los productos artísticos; 3) comprobar el grado de asimilación teórico-conceptual; y 4) conocer el grado de aceptación o rechazo de la música aleatoria e indeterminada.
Biometry in Silicone Oil Filled Eyes. A Review
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Danilenko E. V. , Kuznetsov A. R.
Published: December 2021

The “gold standard” of modern vitreoretinal surgery is silicone oil tamponade of the vitreous cavity. The lens opacity development is in the list of complications of prolonged silicone oil eye filling (from 2 weeks to 2 years). Polydimethylsiloxanes hydrophobicity, direct contact with the front of the silicone bladder, macrophage and toxic reaction, trophic disturbances are the causes leading to the cataract initiation. This makes the problem of cataract surgery and preliminary intraocular lens calculation in silicone oil filled eyes before its removing very relevant as well as cloudy retina visualization and the necessity of minimization of number of operations through their combination. Certainly, the main error in IOL power calculation is associated with axial length measurement inaccuracy, as the most significant term of an equation. Silicone oil filled eyes biometry errors, and, consequently, postoperative refraction biases remain unresolved problem until now. To date authors report only 58 % of cases in which target refraction was achieved after combined surgery. Some researchers figure out that average calculation error after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in avitreal eyes was 0.8 D despite of the optical biometry usage. Today it is represented by several methods: partial coherent interferometry, optical low-coherence reflectometry and optical coherence tomography, which are implemented in devices such as IOLMaster 500, Lenstar LS 900 and IOLMaster 700, which have their own characteristics and measurement accuracy. Their advantages as well as creation an accurate IOL calculation method for silicone oil filled eyes could reduce postoperative refraction error that outline significant medical and social problem.
Patient Satisfaction Based on IOL Implantation Results
Authors: Konovalov M. E. , Burdel K. V. , Zenina M. L. , Reznikova A. B. , Konovalova M. M.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: to found the relationship between the obtained postoperative visual acuity, the increase in visual acuity in the lines and the subjective satisfaction of patients with the results of the operation.

Material and methods. The study included 165 patients (186 eyes) who received cataract phacoemulsification surgery with IOL implantation (n = 170) or refractive lensectomy with IOL implantation (n = 16). The average age of the subjects was 70.23 ± 10.14 years. The group included patients without concomitant systemic or ophthalmic pathology, without previous surgical interventions in the eye for any purpose. At least 1 month after the operation, patients filled out a questionnaire in order to find out the subjective satisfaction with the treatment (scale from 0 to 4 points). The results of the questionnaire were compared with postoperative BCVA, and increased vision (postoperative BCVA — preoperative BCVA). Preoperative BCVA — Me 0.4 (Q1–Q3: 0.1–0.68), postoperative BCVA — Me 1.0 (Q1–Q3: 0.95–1.0), increased vision — Me 0.6 (Q1–Q3: 0.3–0.9) according to Snellen’s table.

Results. Visual acuity in satisfaction subgroups: 0 points — Me 1.0 (Q1–Q3: 0.9–1.0) / n = 5 (2.7 %); 1 point — 1 case, postoperative BCVA 1.16 (0.5 %); 2 points — Me 0.95 (Q1–Q3: 0.84–1.0) / n = 14 (7.5 %); 3 points — Me 1.0 (Q1–Q3: 0.9–1.16) / n = 57 (30.6 %); 4 points — Me 1.0 (Q1–Q3: 0.96–1.0) / n = 109 (58.6 %). Postoperative BCVA and increased in visual acuity do not have statistically significant differences depending on satisfaction with treatment (p > 0.05). The correlation between postoperative BCVA and satisfaction is not statistically significant (p = 0.65; rxy = 0.136), as well as between vision improvement and satisfaction (p = 0.55; rxy = 0.141).

Conclusion. There was a lack of a statistically significant relationship between postoperative BCVA and improved vision with subjective patient satisfaction with treatment. Identification of factors affecting subjective assessment requires a deeper analysis. Practicing ophthalmologists should remember the importance of the dialogue between the doctor and the patient at the preoperative stage, informing the patient about the expected results of the operation and the possible course after the operation period.
Assessment of the Capsular Tension Ring Implantation Effect on the IOL Position in the Long Term Period after Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Danilenko E. V. , Dzilikhov A. A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To assess the capsular tension ring implantation effect on the IOL position according to different devices in the long term period after uncomplicated phacoemulsification.

Patients and methods. The study enrolled 234 patients (273 eyes) with cataract without zonular weakness. A standard examination, optical biometry and Sheimpflug imaging were performed preoperatively. In all cases phacoemulsification with IOL implantation, supported by CTR in 11 % of cases (30 eyes) was performed in 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery autorefractometry, visual acuity, biometry, OCT of anterior segment and ultrasound biomicroscopy were provided.

Results. By the 3rd month a small shift of IOL towards the retina was revealed without any refraction changes. In cases with CTR implantation the anterior chamber depth was stable. According to OCT data the angle of IOL tilt in the horizontal meridian gradually decreased, the dynamics was significant from 3 months (p = 0.032). There were no changes in the vertical direction. After CTR implantation IOL position did not significantly change. There was no difference between the groups (p > 0.05) by 6 month. The phenomenon of IOL “deflection” according to OCT data was observed in 20.87 % of cases was in 1 month after operation. In the presence of CTR its frequency decreased to 15.00 %, and in the absence, it increased to 21.63 %. In every fifth case of deformation the measurements did not give us a definite reason to further consider it a “deflection” by 6 months after the operation. In 4.24 % of cases fact of IOL “deflection” was absent at the first month but appeared by the 6 month. There was not any case of CTR implantation among described cases of IOL position change.

Conclusion. Fluctuation of anterior chamber depth is observed up to 3 months after uncomplicated phacoemulsification. Changes in IOL tilt angle occur throughout the observation period with a significant decrease in the horizontal plane by 6 month. Implantation of the CTR should stabilize anterior chamber depth, block the IOL tilt and also reduce the percentage of IOL deflection cases in the defined group.
Regarding the Question of Postoperative Asthenopia
Authors: Maychuk N. V. , Mushkova I. A. , Shamsetdinova L. T. , Obraztsova M. R.
Published: December 2021

Relevance. It is well known that asthenopic complaints, such as increased visual fatigue when working at close range, lacrimation, eye pain and headache after corneal refractive operations in recent years are increasingly common at routine ophthalmological practice. They cause significant subjective discomfort in patients and reduce the satisfaction of the surgery. The pathogenesis of asthenopia is a violation of the coordinated work of the accommodation and binocular systems as a result of their overstrain with excessive visual loads.

Purpose. To study the role of the lack of adequate optical correction before surgery in the development of asthenopia in patients with mild and moderate myopia after ReLEx SMILE surgery, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of drug correction of this condition.

Patients and methods. This study included 84 patients (128 eyes) who spend more than 8 hours at a computer due to their professional activity, without pathology of the visual organ that prevents keratorefractive operations, whose average age was 33.2 ± 1.9 years.

Results and discussion. The ReLEx SMILE operations in all patients were carried out without complications with the achievement of uncorrected visual acuity equal to the preoperative values of the maximum corrected visual acuity in the period of 1 week and 1 month. In the group with a preoperative lack of adequate optical correction, signs of asthenopia were more often manifested than in patients using full eyeglass or contact correction before surgery. The appointment of the drug Mydrimax® allows to improve the subjective state of patients with asthenopia and leads to the normalization of functional parameters.

Conclusion. Corneal refractive operations in patients with the lack of adequate correction of refractive disorders before surgery leads to a significantly significant increase in the initially impaired functional parameters compared to preoperative values, however, it does not reach normal values in most cases and is accompanied by a greater probability of developing postoperative asthenopia.
Keratoconus in Children. Мodern Treatment Options
Authors: Markova E. Yu. , Avakyants G. V. , Kechin E. V.
Published: December 2021

Objective: to evaluate the results of corneal collagen crosslinking in children with keratoconus.

Patients and methods. Since 2017, 125 children aged 4 to 17 years have been under observation, who have applied to the Eye Microsurgery named after Academician S.N. Fedorov with complaints of reduced visual acuity and, in some cases, the inability to select optical correction. All patients were examined, including using high-tech methods (Sheimpflug camera, OCT). Based on the anamnesis and the data obtained, the diagnosis of keratoconus stage I–III was made. Corneal collagen crosslinking was performed in 30 patients with stage II–III.

Results. The study included 30 eyes of 30 patients (21 (68 %) boys, 9 (32 %) girls) with a median age — 16 (15; 17) years (12 to 17 years), who underwent accelerated “epi-off” crosslinking. No intra-and postoperative complications were observed. 12 months after CXL, there was a slowdown in the progression of keratoconus in children (minimum corneal thickness before surgery 460.00 (445.00; 477.00), after surgery 457.00 (441.00; 477.00), p = 0.112; K1 before surgery 44.60 (43.20; 46.90), after surgery 44.60 (42.90; 46.50), p = 0.481; K2 before surgery 48.30 (47.30; 51.25), after surgery 48.20 (47.21; 49.20), p = 0.779; elevation of the posterior surface before surgery 25.00 (18.00; 42.00), after surgery 26.00 (21.00; 42.00), p = 0.074, and increased visual acuity (NCOZ from 0.30 (0.05; 0.40) to 0.30 (0.20; 0.40) (p = 0.039) and MCOZ from 0.60 (0.40; 0.80) to 0.60 (0.50; 1.00) (p = 0.010)).

Conclusion. 1. Keratoconus is also found in the child population. 2. Timely cross-linking of corneal collagen can slow the progression of keratoconus in children
Efficacy and Safety Analysis of the New Aspheric Hydrophobic Acrylic Monofocal IOL Implantation at Short-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Pershin K. B. , Pashinova N. F. , Tsygankov A. Iu. , Korneeva E. A.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To evaluate the results of implantation of a new hydrophobic acrylic monofocal IOL in an automated preloaded delivery system in the short-term follow-up period.

Patients and methods. The prospective study included 89 patients (114 eyes) after bilateral or monolateral Clareon IOL implantation with a mean follow-up of 2.1 ± 0.4 (1–4) months. The age range was 53 to 87 (71.1 ± 5.2) years. A corneal incision of 1.8 mm was used in all cases. For implantation using the AutonoMe® system , the incision was enlarged by 0.2 mm for implantation IOL 26 D and higher. IOL optical power was calculated using the SRK/T formula; retrospective analysis was performed using the Hoffer Q, Haigis, Holladay II, Olsen, Barrett Universal II, and Kane formulas.

Results. In all studied periods (1 day, 1 week and 1 month) there was statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase both of NCDVA (from 0.13 ± 0.02 in the preoperative period to 0.81 ± 0.07 in 1 month after surgical intervention), and BCDVA (from 0.32 ± 0.15 before surgery to 0.94 ± 0.11 after surgery). When assessing the percentage of eyes with an BCDVA of 0.9 or higher, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference was shown in all studied periods. The lowest MAE was shown for the Barrett Universal II (0.292), SRK/T (0.312) Kane (0.301), and Olsen (0.325) formulas. For the Hoffer Q and Holladay 2 formulas, MAE values were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The highest frequency of achieving the target refraction of ± 0.25 D was shown for the Barrett Universal II and Kane formulas (68 and 69 %, respectively), and the lowest for the Hoffer Q and Holladay 2 formulas (28 and 35 %, respectively). The primary endpoint of the study (BCDVA = 1.0) was achieved in 95.6 % (n = 109), with a deviation in BCVA of ± 0.1 noted in 4 eyes (3.5 %). No glistening was detected in the follow-up period up to 4 months.

Conclusion. The paper presents an analysis of the first experience with the implantation of new Clareon monofocal IOLs in Russian Federation. The results of implantation of a new hydrophobic acrylic monofocal IOL in an automated preloaded delivery system showed a good clinical and functional effect, a high frequency of achieving the target result and the absence of significant side effects. The Kane, Barrett Universal II, and SRK/T formulas, using the Verion diagnostic navigation system, are recommended for calculating the optical power of the new IOL.
Pathogenetic Justification of a New View on the Treatment of Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Bakunina N. A. , Kolesnikova L. N. , Salmasi J. M. , Balashova L. M.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To study the effectiveness of vascular, anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic therapy, to conduct a comparative assessment with treatment without vascular therapy in patients with angle-closure (ACG) and mixed glaucoma.

Methods. A total of 55 patients with angle-closure and mixed glaucoma, mainly with hypermetropic refraction of varying degrees, were examined: 7 people with acute glaucoma attack, 6 people with subacute glaucoma attack (group 1, with anti-inflammatory treatment), 7 people with acute glaucoma attack and 6 people with subacute glaucoma attack (group 2, with vascular treatment), 14 people with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (group 3) and 15 people with mixed glaucoma (group 4). All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination, which included visometry, refractometry, tonometry, computer perimetry, OCT and OCT angiography, and an ELISA analysis to determine cytokines.

Results. The administration of the drug Pentoxifylline as a cytokine blocker and antiplatelet agent in ACG contributed, in our opinion, to an improvement in visual acuity, perimetry (MD), an increase in the density of capillaries of the deep vascular plexus at the level of lamina cribrosa in the peripapillary zone (%), i.e. improved blood circulation in the vessels of the optic nerve disc and also contributed to the blockade of cytokines, mainly in the 2-nd group of patients. In our opinion, a personalized approach to the treatment of ACG is to maintain the improvement of blood circulation in the peripapillary zone by prescribing a course of treatment with Pentoxifylline for 6 months after surgery. After phacoemulsification, there was a significant increase in the density of capillaries of the deep peripapillary vascular plexus at the level of lamina cribrosa (p ≤ 0.05) (51.0 ± 3.5 %), and after further treatment with Pentoxifylline, the capillary density continued to increase in 2–4 groups in the next 6 months of follow-up. The thickness of RNFL (Retinal nerve fiber layer, structural parameter) decreased due to a decrease in edema in 1–2 groups, slightly increased in 3–4 groups, in our opinion, due to improved blood circulation. Increased reperfusion in the capillaries of the deep plexus during normalization of IOP in glaucoma patients and further treatment with pentoxifylline indicates the effectiveness of the proposed treatment in addition to surgical treatment. The results obtained emphasize the advantages of the proposed therapy for the treatment of patients with angle-closure and mixed glaucoma.

Conclusion. To date, there are no clear recommendations of vascular therapy for the treatment of patients with ACG and mixed glaucoma, which creates the need for its addition to treatment regimens, taking into account the vascular component of ACG and mixed glaucoma.
The Species Composition of Microbiota and Biological Properties of Dominant Bacterial Species in the Lacrimal Fluid in Patients with Endogenous Uveites
Authors: Konkova A. Yu. , Horowitz E. S. , Gavrilova T. V. , Chereshneva M. V.
Published: December 2021

The purpose: to study the species composition of the lacrimal fluid microbiota in patients with endogenous uveitis and the biological properties of dominant species of bacteria.

Patients and Methods. A bacteriological study of the lacrimal fluid of 107 patients (114 eyes) with endogenous uveitis and 28 practically healthy persons (control) was carried out. The research was performed using the conventional methods. The isolated microorganisms were identified up to the species. We studied the main biological properties of bacteria — the presence of persistence and virulence factors of isolated dominant species.

The results. 43 strains of various types of bacteria were isolated from the lacrimal fluid of patients with uveitis, bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus prevailed, S. aureus was isolated in 23.3 % of cases, and the remaining strains were representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The species composition of the bacteria isolated from practically healthy individuals did not differ in essence. Isolated strains of S. aureus had a significant set of virulence factors. All isolates lysed sheep red blood cells, 80 % of the cultures had lecithovitellase and 60 % — DNA-se activity. Representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci were characterized only by hemolytic activity. In the study of persistence factors, it was found that all the studied strains of S. aureus and the vast majority of representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from tears were resistant to lysozyme. Biofilm formation was more typical for S. aureus strains 90 % versus 34.4 % for representatives of coagulase-negative staphylococci (t = 2.194, p = 0.034). Similar patterns were found in relation to complement resistance, 90 % of S. aureus cultures and 37.5 % of coagulase-negative staphylococci (t = 2.055; p = 0.046).

Conclusion. Among the microorganisms isolated from the lacrimal fluid, Staphylococcus bacteria prevailed, from which S. cohnii was most often isolated. S. aureus to a greater extent than coagulase-negative staphylococci had a certain set of virulence and persistence factors. The microbiocenosis of the lacrimal fluid of patients with endogenous uveitis did not differ from practically healthy individuals. The presence of S. aureus in lacrimal fluid is a risk factor for the development of endogenous uveitis in cases of chronic oral and ENT organ diseases.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Likhvantseva V. G. , Anurova O. A. , Astakhova S. E. , Vereshchagina M. V. , Ovanesyan V. E. , Stepanova E. V.
Published: December 2021

A prerequisite for the growth, progression and metastasis of malignant tumors of any localization is the development of its own vascular network. Newly formed vessels not only nourish the primary tumor, but also create conditions for the spread of tumor cells through the circulatory system and the formation of distant metastases. Angiogenesis is able to launch a small population of tumors from 100–300 cells that have accumulated genetic aberrations and have begun to express proangigenic molecules. The phenomenon is known as “transformation of tumor cells into angiogenic phenotype”. A tumor with angiogenic phenotype carries a high potential for proliferation and malignization. This pattern has been found in many types of cancer, but studied less in uveal melanoma. Meanwhile, in this aspect, uveal melanoma, metastasizing exclusively in a hematogenic way, with its selective, organotropic nature of metastasis, becomes an attractive model for the study of the molecular “scenario” of tumor angiogenesis studies allow us to say that, UM is subject to the general patterns of the development of malignant tumors. As with many types of tumors, VEGF is an obligate condition for the development and progression of UM. The VEGF molecule’s producers in UM are two cell populations: endothelial vascular cells and tumor cells. VEGF’s expression in UM is cyclical. The cycle is re-initiated, apparently, by increasing cell density in tumor proliferate and the development of hypoxia zones. We found no correlation between the intensity of pigmentation, necrosis, hemorrhage, germination in the corner of the front chamber, ophthalmohypertension on the one hand, and expression of VEGF in UM cells on the other. At the same time, a direct link between the expression of VEGF in tumor cells and EC vessels on the one hand and the thickness, base diameter, as well as the localization of UM, on the other hand, has been revealed. Additionally, VEGF expression in tumor cells was closely correlated with the histological structure of UM, and VEGF expression in EC correlated with the stage of the disease. Thus, the authors showed that UM, like other malignant solid tumors, is prone to transformation into angiogenic phenotype and expression of VEGF.
Methodological Principles for the Development of a Questionnaire “Quality of Life” in Patients with Computer Visual Syndrome
Authors: Ovechkin I. G. , Yudin V. E. , Kovrigina E. I. , Budko A. A. , Matvienko V. V.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: scientific substantiation and development of methodological principles of the “quality of life” (QOL) assessment questionnaire in patients with symptoms of computer visual syndrome (CVS).

Material and мethods. As part of the first stage of the study, an individual interview was carried out (according to the standard developed methodology) with 100 patients with visually strenuous labor, according to the results of which the entire spectrum of complaints arising during prolonged work with a computer was determined (44 complaints in total). As part of the second stage, a special questionnaire was developed, in which the identified complaints were transformed into questions. The study involved 96 ophthalmologists aged 32 to 62 years with an average of 17.3 ± 1.4 years. The task of an expert ophthalmologist was to assess the relevance each of the questions in terms of the influence degree on the patient’s QOL, as well as the “severity” of the complaint in terms the of occurrence frequency.

Results. The development of the questionnaire was based on the sequential implementation of five stages (development of a conceptual framework; development of a preliminary version and confirmation of validity content; additional modification; scaling procedure development; psychometric properties determination). The results obtained made it possible to form the questionnaire (22 questions) the final version, which (according to the analysis) meets the requirements of meaningful and constructive validity (specificity, reflection of questions and scales of significance for the patient, the results of an expert assessment by ophthalmologists of the psychometric response scale) with the weight coefficients development, the required values correlation coefficients (according to Pearson) between the relevance assessment of the question from the points according to the symptom severity, as well as the high level of consistency according to the “Cronbach-α” indicator.

Conclusion. The main direction of the assessment QOL improving of a patient with GLC is active participation in the ophthalmologist’s questionnaire development. Our results determine that the expert assessment provides a mathematically confirmed choice of the most significant (in terms on QoL impact) subjective manifestations, which (in conjunction with the development of each patient’s possible responses expert assessments, in points) provides the required level of the questionnaire meaningful and constructive validity. The developed questionnaire can be recommended for further clinical testing.
Features of Primary Ocular Disability in the Krasnodar Region in 2016–2018
Authors: Apostolova A. S. , Malyshev A. V. , Bashko A. A. , Sergienko A. A. , Kudryavceva E. V.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: to study the state and dynamics of changes in primary ocular disability in the period 2016–2018 by nosological forms. A complete retrospective study was made based on the data of the MSE (medical and social expertise) Bureau’s reporting documents. The following indicators of primary disability (per 10 thousand population) were registered from 2016 till 2018: among the adult population (18 years and older) 69,0–70,7–68,6 respectively; among the able-bodied population 42,8–44,1–41,1 respectively; among the population of retirement age — 125,1–126,4–124,6 accordingly. In the structure of primary disability of the adult population by severity for the period 2016–2018, the dynamics recorded an increase in the proportion of 1 group and 3 group with a decrease in the share of disability of 2 group. In the nosological structure of primary disability of the adult population in 2016–2017–2018, eye diseases account for 3 %, 3 % and 3.2 %, respectively, of all first recognized as disabled. There has been an increase in first-time applicants to the MSE Bureau. In the nosological structure of primary disability, the percentage of glaucoma patients over the past period is 47–33–32.5 % of the total number of primary disability for eye diseases, which determines the 1st rank. There is a progressive increase in the number of people with disabilities due to glaucoma of group 1 and group 2 throughout the study period. In the nosological structure of primary disability for 2016–2018 the percentage of patients with retinal diseases is 25–23–23.8 % of the total number of primary disability for eye diseases, which corresponds to the 2nd rank. There is a progressive increase in the number of disabled people in group 2. A low proportion of persons of working age in the structure of primary ocular disability was noted. A consistently high share of primary disability and a progressive increase in severe disability combined with an increase in persons of retirement age in the Krasnodar region forms an unfavorable forecast for an increase in the number of blind and visually impaired residents of the region.
Enlargement of Phimotic Capsulorhexis Using Plasma Energy: A Case Series
Authors: Kumar V.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the plasma ablation technique of Fugo blade system to enlarge phimotic capsulotomies in the management of anterior capsule contraction syndrome.

Patients and methods. Results of the enlargement of phimotic capsulotomies using the plasma ablation technique in 17 patients with anterior capsule contraction syndrome (10 men and 7 women, 18 eyes; average age — 73.8 ± 9.6 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Surgically, after pupil dilation, the anterior chamber was irrigated with a viscoelastic device (1.4 % solution of hyaluronic acid), and the tip of the Fugo blade was inserted through a 2.0–2.2 mm wide corneal incision. After slightly touching the anterior capsule, the apparatus was activated, and its tip was moved in a concentric manner, excising the required size of the fibrosed anterior capsule in a resistance-free fashion. Finally, the viscoelastic material was aspirated, and the incisions were hydrated.

Results. Phimotic capsulotomies were enlarged in all cases. Except for three cases where the bimanual technique was required to ablate the anterior capsule, all other cases were managed single-handedly. The use of cohesive viscoelastic device (1.4 % solution of hyaluronic acid) made it possible to perform this procedure with minimum trauma and under visual control. No serious complications were encountered during surgery or in the early postoperative period. Patients were discharged 1–2 days after surgery. Corneal edema, which was observed in six eyes, resolved within 3–4 days. Visual acuity improved in all cases, except for 2 patients with complete glaucomatous optic atrophy. IOP remained under control in all cases. No negative effect on the hypotensive results of previous glaucoma surgeries was observed.

Conclusion. The plasma-generating Fugo blade system is an effective and safe tool to enlarge phimotic capsulorhexis in a resistance-free fashion. It is easy to use, mastering of new surgical skills is not required, surgical trauma is minimal, the surgical time is reduced, and the patient’s rehabilitation period is significantly shortened.