bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential of a Person-Centered Approach in Caring for Patients With Cancer: A Perspective From the UCLA Center for East-West Medicine
Authors: Hui Ka-Kit , Hui Edward K. , Johnston Michael Francis
Published: February 2006

Background: Evolving patient preferences as well as an expanding evidence base for commonly used complementary and alternative medicine therapies for patients with cancer have led to inroads by integrative medicine into clinical oncology. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in conjunction with conventional biomedicine in the prevention and treatment of cancer in China for several decades. Methods: The authors, through select review of the existing literature and by drawing on clinical experience, describe a person-centered approach to care of patients with cancer that incorporates TCM concepts and techniques. Two cases are used to illustrate how this approach might address unmet needs and enhance quality of life for patients with cancer. Results: TCM’s emphasis on a comprehensive understanding of imbalance in various systems and resultant compromise of homeostatic reserve as well as its ability to treat them with distinctive therapeutic modalities can add unique value to the overall management of the patient with cancer. Conclusions: TCM can be used adjunctively to improve quality of life and functional status during a patient’s struggle with cancer. An approach integrating both medicines that is guided by scientific evidence, safety, and patient preferences has the potential to improve modern oncologic care.
Forgery? Who Me?
Authors: Hinson Janice M. , Fossey Richard
Published: February 2006

Speculation and uncertainty had surrounded Rex from the time he arrived at the University. No one accused him directly of anything, but over time, many professors in Rex's degree program did not consider him to be trustworthy or ethical. In the end, only two professors would write letters of recommendation for him, and even they refused to do so after awhile. Rex wanted desperately to remain in the US, but couldn't get a job without recommendations. Did he forge some?
Insubordination or Otherwise
Authors: Enomoto Ernestine K.
Published: February 2006

A school administrator is presented with three versions of an incident of insubordination in a school with gang related problems. The student appears to be an innocent bystander. The teacher on hall duty is trying to do his job. The attendance staff person seeks to be caregiving. Weighing the evidence presented from each individualís perspective, the administrator must decide what action is appropriate and how best to communicate with all the persons involved.
Advanced Placement Courses: Do Prohibitive Costs Exclude Financially Disadvantaged Students?
Authors: Brimstein Patrick , Milgate Daniel , OíDonaghue Laurel , Yunker Todd
Published: February 2006

This case addresses the guarantee of a free public education for all students, and focuses specifically on how the requirement that students purchase their own books and supplies for advanced placement courses affects the promise of equal educational opportunity. Although there is no correlation between wealth and intellectual ability, financially disadvantaged students may feel compelled not to enroll in advanced placement courses because of their inability to pay. This de facto denial of access threatens the fundamental promise of free public education. Restrictive costs related to advanced placement courses perpetuate an education system that cultivates opportunity only for those who can afford it.
Dr. Moore has Problems: A Case Study to Consider Legal and Ethical Issues
Authors: Czaja Marion , Lowe Jerry
Published: February 2006

“Dr. Moore Has Problems” is a case study written primarily to help students consider both legal and ethical issues. Two teachers from the same campus have husbands running for office against one another. One of the teachers is pushy and corners staff to persuade them to vote for her husband. The staff becomes divided. Later, the same teacher appears with a 10-day doctor’s excuse for absence during the early voting period. During this 10-day period, she transports community members to the county courthouse to vote during school hours. The community and board members are most concerned. Dr. Moore has to decide what action to take.
When Push Comes to Shove: A Teacher Gets Sued
Authors: Fossey Richard , McFarland Benny , Hinson Janice M.
Published: February 2006

In this case, a teacher is sued by a student who claims the teacher injured her while he was breaking up a schoolyard fight. The case provides an opportunity for explaining the legal obligations of schoolteachers to supervise students. It also provides a setting for discussing state indemnification laws that may benefit teachers as well as insurance concerns. The case can be taught in conjunction with standard education law texts.
At Odds: Can Supervision and Evaluation Co-exist?
Authors: Zepeda Sally J.
Published: February 2006

This case presents a realistic scenario of what occurs when the intents of instructional supervision and evaluation are at odds with one another; when supervision and growth opportunities do not reflect the needs of teachers (e.g., first-year); when the actions of the principal come to the attention of the superintendent and the union; and, when a coherent plan of working with teachers is absent. The dilemmas associated with the principal’s role as both supervisor and evaluator are critical ones to investigate.
The Hillcrest Dilemma: Who is Calling the Shots?
Authors: DiPaola Michael F.
Published: February 2006

Fiscal accountability has long been public demand of elected and appointed public officials. Decisions on how to allocate limited resources, in efforts to achieve the goals of an organization, are some of the most difficult to make. This case focuses on the dilemmas of a superintendent and board in responding to financial crises while balancing the needs of students.
Getting Clubbed Over a Club
Authors: McCreary Jason B.
Published: February 2006

This case describes the people and events surrounding a gay club’s attempt to assemble in a schoolroom after hours. With less than two months of school remaining, a retiring principal is trying to manage school operations the best he can. Pressures from school and district personnel, parents, students, and community members all play intricate roles in redefining values, equity, and policy at Pleasantville High School. Organizational crises appear from alleged discrimination against the Gay/Lesbian Club. Based on district decision-making, officials soon discover themselves in legal difficulty.
Keep Kids off Drugs
Authors: Strader David L.
Published: February 2006

This case focuses on one principal’s dilemma created when a community church wishes to sponsor a Christian Youth group for a school assembly. It explores the legal and political forces associated with religious expression in public schools. The teaching notes are designed to stimulate student discussions of the fine line between “sponsorship” and “inhibition” of religious expression, politics and power, communication, and the relationship between fundraising and sponsorship.
A Touching Story
Authors: Hassenpflug Ann
Published: February 2006

In the course of her lunchtime hall duty assistant principal Laura Whittier approaches a group of girls who are late for class. When they do not immediately depart, she touches one of them on the shoulder to encourage their prompt exit. A little while later the principal curtly informs Laura that the girl’s mother has come to school demanding that Laura be punished for shoving her daughter. Once she hears the girl’s name, Laura recalls that this was the same girl whose father had claimed last spring that his daughter was a runaway and insisted her absences for morning sickness not be excused despite Laura’s decision to excuse them. Laura ponders the reason for Lisa’s current behavior towards her when previously she had behaved politely to Laura. When Laura sees Lisa’s reaction to her in the mother’s presence, Laura suddenly thinks she understands what Lisa is doing. She doesn’t know how she will be able to convince the mother and the principal of her interpretation.
Zero Tolerance: One Size for All
Authors: Livingston Martha , Bruner Darlene
Published: February 2006

Zero-tolerance policies have proliferated throughout American school districts in the past ten years. This case is focused on a special needs student who unintentionally violates the district’s zero-tolerance policy for weapons at school. Designed to proffer students an opportunity to discuss the development of policy, legal and instructional implications of zero-tolerance as well as workable solutions to a complicated problem, the case study has several other dimensions including the IDEA, instructional best practice, ethics and school public relations.
Mountain State University Opportunity Scholarships: Encouraging Students of Color to Participate in Higher Education
Authors: Bergerson Amy Aldous
Published: February 2006

Defining problems and moving them to the agenda are two essential elements of the policy formulation process. This case focuses on how the condition of student diversity at Mountain State University came to be defined as a problem, and the actors and processes that led to the formation of a policy addressing this issue. The case can be used to develop discussion on the policy formulation process, or for evaluating the effectiveness of policies developed to increase or enhance the participation of students of color in higher education.
Out of the Mouths of Babes
Authors: Bruner Darlene York , Livingston Martha
Published: February 2006

This case demonstrates how administrators, teachers, and parents can be caught off-guard by the alleged actions of colleagues. Problems are not always clear-cut and must be investigated, while at the same time protecting the individuals' rights of both students and school personnel. This case involves possible unethical behavior on the part of a teacher in preparing students for standardized testing.
Dirty Dancing
Authors: DiPaola Michael F.
Published: February 2006

This case was developed for use in courses that focus on policy and legal issues in the preparation of school and district leaders. It employs a “real-life” current issue, freak dancing, that has created headlines across the country as school leaders attempt to confront and deal with it. In Southwestern Regional School District, some parents, teachers who were dance chaperones, and building administrators are upset by the kind of dancing they witnessed at a recent high school dance. The school principal, in an attempt to provide the proper guidance to students, banned certain kinds of dancing at school dances. In response, a student appears at a public meeting of the school board and alleges that students' right of freedom of expression have been violated. The board of education directs the superintendent of schools to investigate and return to the board with a report and recommendation.
The Big Apple Challenge: A School-University Partnership in New York City
Authors: Maslak Mary Ann , Brasco Robert
Published: February 2006

School district administrators have to meet the demands of both the instructional staff, who need professional development support, and diverse student bodies, who require additional academic assistance. A partnership between the public school and a university offers a way of supporting the administrators in meeting such challenges. This case describes one urban elementary school's participation in the school-university RAP (Reading Achievement Program) partnership. In the first part of the bipartite program, a university faculty advisor worked directly with the principal of P.S. 999 and her third grade teachers to enhance literacy instruction. In the second part of the Program, four university graduate student instructors provided tutorial assistance for the thirdgrade students in the same elementary school, located in a poor area of New York City. The program presented numerous challenges for the school principal, classroom teachers, university faculty advisor and graduate student instructors.
Lessons at Hard Rock High
Authors: Ausbrooks Carrie Y. Barron
Published: February 2006

This case study is designed for pre-service school administrators in theoretical foundations courses in educational administration. It describes the circumstance of a principal who has been in the position for two years. The district demographics have changed because of rapid growth in the area, which also precipitated a change in the ethnic composition of the student population and faculty members. One day, the principal is faced with lawsuits that claim that the school has violated the rights of two student groups. She is concerned that district officials will blame her for what is happening at the school.
Changes at Honey Grove High
Authors: Donaldson Joe F. , López Gerardo R. , Scribner Jay Paredes
Published: February 2006

This case provides a contemporary look at the complexities of environmental and organizational change and the challenges faced by a new high school principal in this changing social context. The case offers an in-depth look at a rural high school and the resistance by veteran teachers, the school board president, and the local superintendent when stability and tradition are threatened. It presents a broad overview of the various dilemmas associated with change, power, and micropolitics, while offering a greater understanding and appreciation of the depth and endurance of organizational culture.
Senior Shirts
Authors: Stader David L.
Published: February 2006

The final two months of the senior year in high school are an emotionally charged time that can be a significant challenge for both students and school personnel. School personnel often struggle to balance an emerging independence with the need to maintain order. This balance is difficult and issues that on the surface seem simple or mundane have the potential to become lighting rods for controversy. This case presents such issues.

In this case a senior class challenges the problem solving, legal knowledge, and political savvy of the principal. Candidates are asked to consider the case and determine a legal, practical, and politically defensible solution. Students are then asked to develop a plan to implement the decision and to communicate the decision to the various publics involved. This case can be used in a course on the principalship, school and community relations, or school law.
Field of Broken Dreams: How Damaged Trust and Failed Induction Weakens the Change Process
Authors: White Jeanne , Delli Dane
Published: February 2006

Olympia School District, located in a fast growing suburb, attempts to transform Field School, an intermediate school for seven years, into a primary school. As a result, changes in grade level, staff, material resources, and the physical structure must be made. The administration promises assistance with the transition yet the teachers are faced with a lack of materials as well as personal support. The absence of adequate induction to their new position creates a strain in the socialization of the Field School staff. This case presents a multi-faceted dilemma faced by both central office and building level administrators. Professors and students of educational administration can use this case to supplement analysis and discussion of issues related to educational change, trust, and employee induction.
Upgrade to Graduate Credit?
Authors: Bumpus Minnette A.
Published: February 2006

This case presents a glimpse “behind the scenes” of academic life through a series of e-mails, which tell the story of a dispute over whether a student should retroactively receive graduate credit for completing an undergraduate course. The student’s (and her department’s) request for an exception to the rule can be analyzed in education or academic administration and faculty development seminars, as well as ethics and communication courses: (1) to illustrate how ethics and moral philosophies affect the decision-making process, (2) to gain an understanding of how communication barriers impede the decision-making process, (3) to assess the impact of perceptions of equity on the decision-making process, and (4) to examine the characteristics of managerial decisions.
Making Hard Choices in Tough Times
Authors: Painter Suzanne R. , Wetzel Keith A.
Published: February 2006

A perennial problem in education that has resurfaced in the wake of the recent economic downturn is how to manage budget cuts resulting from revenue shortfalls. In this case, students are asked to consider the process and criteria for making hard choices in a school district. They should also consider how their personal experiences affect their decision-making. The case describes a meeting of school district officials who have been asked by the superintendent for advice on budget cuts. One major focus of the case is whether or not to continue a sizeable initiative in technology integration in the classroom.
Jones revisited: A second look at the labor management relationship at one rural school district
Authors: Rayfield Robin
Published: February 2006

This case study is a follow up to a previous case study using data collected from the same rural school district in Ohio. An examination of the faculty-administrative relationship using the same climate inventory used in 1999 allows for comparison of the relationship between faculty and management in 1999 and 2002. Conclusions suggested about the impact interest based bargaining can have on the relationship between the administration and faculty at an educational system are re-examined in light of the above-mentioned comparisons. Data collected in 2002 stand in contrast to the data collected in 1999. A closer look may indicate that the mechanism used in negotiations might not have as big an impact as suggested in the first report of this case.
Being Invited to the Table Does Not Mean You Get to Eat: Balancing Individual Accountability and Participatory Decision-making in Site Based Management
Authors: Alexander Nicola A. , Nderu Evangeline
Published: February 2006

The school featured in this case is a composite of several schools visited by the authors. The story we tell highlights the inherent contradictions faced by educators in trying to weld participatory decision-making into a hierarchical structure. The case opens discussion on leadership style, organizational effectiveness, conflict management and community building. Depending on the interest of the group, the case can be presented as a problem-based learning activity that may require students to develop agendas, create school improvement plans and be involved in role playing, for example, conducting a site-based council meeting.
From Colds to Condoms and Beyond
Authors: Covrig Duane , Trenta Louis , Kruse Sharon
Published: February 2006

This case reports a district’s creative use of a school-based health clinic to address high student absenteeism. The clinic becomes more controversial as the type of health interventions provided by the clinic expands to meet students’ sexual and reproductive health issues. Teacher notes describe how this case can be used to introduce students to a variety of issues related to the ISLLC standards, including ethics, school-community relations, gender, diversity and social justice issues. The notes explain how this case can be used as an in-class, take-home or exam activity. A shorter version of the case is provided at the end of this article for use in classes that have more limited time allowance.
Any IDEA what to do about Billy?
Authors: Leech Donald W. , Miller Loraine
Published: February 2006

The development and implementation of discipline programs for students with exceptional education* needs is a challenging endeavor for school leaders. This case focuses on the application of disciplinary procedures for a chronically disruptive student who is classified severely emotionally disturbed. The case provides a catalyst for educational leadership students to discuss the policies and legal implications of disciplining students with exceptional education needs and the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The case also allows for rich dialogue in the areas of decision-making, school culture and strategies for communicating with teachers, parents, and student advocacy groups.
Entrapment
Authors: Hassenpflug Ann
Published: February 2006

Emily Johnson, a new high school assistant principal, ponders how to handle an unexpected dilemma over the faculty award nomination procedures. As chair of the faculty awards committee, she has to decide how to handle the arrival of late nominations. They were submitted by a committee member Jack Fitch, who had been a candidate for the assistant principal position. It appears to Emily that Jack submitted the late nominations in order to show his disdain for her earlier decision to include a nomination of a popular teacher received by a committee member by the Friday deadline but not given to Emily until the following Monday. Emily is concerned about how her decision will affect staff morale as well as her own reputation for ethical behavior and her first evaluation as a new administrator.
Multimedia Cases of Practice: On-line Learning Opportunities For School Leaders
Authors: Halverson Richard , Linnekin Baylen , Gomez Louis M. , Spillane James P.
Published: February 2006

Computer-based multimedia technologies have great potential for providing rich learning opportunities for school leaders in the context of their work. One promising avenue is the development of hypertext narratives of practice that can capture and communicate the complexities of exemplary leadership practice. This paper discusses the construction and user-testing of a multimedia narrative of practice based on Breakfast Club, an innovative program intended to develop a professional community in an urban elementary school. First, the paper develops an account of professional expertise that suggests the practical wisdom of school leaders needs to be represented in context. Multimedia cases of practice that represent such wisdom begin with the programs school leaders design to alter the instructional programs of their schools. Second, the paper describes the development of a question-based multimedia case of practice designed around the questions that school leaders are likely to ask about new programs in order to facilitate their own understanding. Finally, the paper offers an analysis of a round of user-testing with fourteen school leaders conducted to refine and rebuild the multimedia narrative.
What Is a Principal to Do?
Authors: Holko William , Trenta Louis
Published: February 2006

This case was developed for use in principalship preparation courses. It focuses on the ethical and procedural dilemmas inherent in trying to support a teacher who might be wrong in a conflict situation with a student and parents. Background is provided and the situation developed to the point where the principal sees the need to take action. At five points in the case, there is a break to allow students to analyze the situation and propose next steps. Students must consider what would be a fair and ethical outcome in this situation and how, ethically, to bring it about. Alternative escalating and deescalating endings are provided. Each leaves the students with questions about how best to help the teacher and her students.
Developing Leadership Strategies Inside the Politics of Language, Diversity, and Change
Authors: Tooms Autumn
Published: February 2006

Currently in her third year as principal of the Leighton Elementary School, Georgia Henson faces conflicting pressures in a district where the priorities of Anglo and Hispanic communities may diverge. This case raises questions regarding administration and supervision of schools in multicultural contexts where political tensions are rising. In addition, the case provokes reflection on the ethics of agency and possibility that doing things right may not always converge with doing the right things.
What’s Going On in the Counselor’s Office?
Authors: Brinson Kenneth H. , Rivera Jules C. , Windle Michelle J.
Published: February 2006

School administrators are not always as familiar as they might be with the education and training of school counselors. As a result, school counselors may be assigned non-counseling activities such as supervision or paperwork tasks that would be more closely suited to the duties of an assistant principal or member of the clerical staff. These non-counseling duties are time-consuming and allow school counselors less time to spend with the students assigned to them. Resources and creative thinking are needed to reduce or eliminate many of the non-counseling functions that school counselors are required to assimilate into their workday, so that they can spend their time helping students. This case study examines the dilemma faced by the principal of a large high school as she confronts an unhappy counseling staff and the culminating desire of one school counselor to leave the profession and return to the classroom. She realizes the difficulties have been growing for some time and she has not adequately addressed the counselor’s concerns. Upon overhearing a hallway discussion about one of her counselors, she decides it is time to find out what is going on in the counselor’s office.
Richard Mills and the New York State Board of Regents, 1995-2001 Parts A & B
Authors: DeBray Elizabeth
Published: February 2006

In 1995, New York State Education Commissioner Richard Mills and the Board of Regents changed the state’s testing policy in favor of a challenging, high-stakes testing accountability system. The case describes Mill’s leadership over the next six years in the face of significant opposition from parents, alternative schools, vocational educators, and bilingual advocates. The case portrays Mills’ effectiveness as an apologist of the policy to the public and his ability to survive politically. It documents his justification of placing stakes on students as the means to persuade state institutions, including the governor and the legislature, to provide greater financial support for education.
The Ethics of Change
Authors: Wegner Scott , Moseman Gerald , Watson Robert
Published: February 2006

This case is designed for use in courses that explore ethics or issues related to the change process. The superintendent in this case is faced with a decision that could facilitate the adoption of much needed reform in the district. This decision would not only assure better learning and brighter futures for thousands of students but avert his own firing. At risk is the self-respect of a single person.

This case can be used as a springboard to a discussion of professional ethics as well as the consequences of the change process. The case was developed for the Missouri Professors of Educational Administration through a grant from the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 2003.
Managing Public Controversy: What is the Lesson to be Learned?
Authors: Clark Susan G.
Published: February 2006

This case addresses the events that unfolded after a high school teacher displayed a Confederate flag in the classroom as a visual aid to instruction on the causes and effects of the Civil War. Although the curriculum specifically required students to learn the meaning and use of symbols and provided for the use of the flag, and the principals authorized its use, the teacher was subject to disciplinary action for the disruption that its display caused in the community at large. The situation implicates the First Amendment, collective bargaining, employment law, and raises important perspectives on professional leadership competencies as identified by the Interstate Leaders' Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) standards for administrative practice. The case is designed for use by principals and superintendents and can be used in courses addressing politics, policy, school-community relations, curriculum, and law.
Taboo dating in the 21st century at Payton High School
Authors: McCray Carlos R. , Pauken Patrick , Beachum Floyd D.
Published: February 2006

This case is about the clash between traditional community values and multicultural values in the context of same-sex couples at a high school prom. Within this context, a new principal must deal with competing personal and professional values, as well as the competing divergent views of district level administrators, school board members, teachers, staff members, parents, and students. This case addresses issues of First Amendment freedom of expression and association, Fourteenth Amendment due process and equal protection law, harassment, violence, legal liability, institutional policymaking, and ethical leadership.
Instructional or Managerial Leadership: The Principal Role!
Authors: Jazzar Michael
Published: February 2006

“Instructional Or Managerial Leadership: The Principal Role” is a case study written to challenge the beliefs of graduate students preparing for educational leadership roles and educational leaders already in these positions as to the importance of the principal as an instructional leader. This case explores communication between superintendents and principals regarding the importance of the principal as an instructional leader. The case study, based upon insight from approximately fifty superintendents and five hundred principals, uses fictitious names and places to encourage participatory discussion.
Hard Times in Harmony School District
Authors: Allen Louise Anderson
Published: February 2006

This case study covers a wide variety of problems that can confront school superintendents and it challenges students to create a coherent and authentic approach to systemic school reform. It may be used in an introductory course in critical issues of the superintendency with the emphasis on identifying issues and trouble areas and arriving at possible solutions. This case also presents a situation that is complicated enough that it may be used in a seminar for advanced doctoral students.
Clearwater: A Case Study in Curricular Innovation and School Reform
Authors: Read Anne-Marie , Hoff Dianne L.
Published: February 2006

This case traces a middle school's involvement in curricular innovation and school reform. Beginning with curricular innovations in one classroom, educational reform eventually spreads through the entire sixth grade and beyond. Although the changes gain community and student support, teachers at the other grade levels are resistant and resentful of efforts to expand it further, placing the school culture in crisis. The principal is caught in the middle—his espoused values, pressure from veteran teachers, evidence of effectiveness, and budgetary constraints all tugging at him from different directions. The case, which raises a variety of important issues for aspiring leaders, can be analyzed from several theoretical perspectives (e.g., curricular, organizational, social, political and cultural), making it an excellent example of the complexities and layers that are typically embedded in school dilemmas.
How Good Does the Information Have to Be to Justify a Press Conference?
Authors: Ivory Gary
Published: February 2006

This case involves a dilemma that school district evaluators frequently face. A superintendent directs an evaluator to participate in a press conference and present data validating the superintendent’s program to improve high school course-passing rates. The evaluator presents his analysis to the superintendent, who directs him to remove some data with the result that the report will reflect more positively on the program. The evaluator believes it is improper evaluation procedure to remove the data. The teachers, meanwhile, have registered their opposition to the superintendent’s program, since it negatively impacts their working conditions.
High Stakes: Testing Irregularity
Authors: Carson-Meyers Tricia , Bryant Edye Morris , Thomas Fredrick , Brinson Kenneth H.
Published: February 2006

With the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, a stronger emphasis has been placed on state testing and accountability at the state and local levels. The news media continues to report testing irregularities as professional and community pressures are levied on educators to increase test scores. Test scores have been tied to community affluence, real estate values, encouraging job growth, and state and federal monies. The purpose of this case study is to foster discussion concerning testing regulations and procedures. A beginning second year teacher trying to make extra money opts to teach summer school. The state mandated standardized End-of-Grade test was administered for the third time at the end of the summer school session for all students in attendance. The young teacher finds a used red test book after the testing sessions are over and keeps it. In the subsequent school year, he tutors students with the test booklet he found at the summer school site and uses the questions as warm-ups for the entire class. It is not his intention to circumvent testing procedures and policies.
Test Exclusions Develop Into “Test Scandal”
Authors: York Rebecca , Garn Gregg
Published: February 2006

Many states use test results to hold schools accountable, with the stakes for children, teachers, and administrators becoming higher. High school principal Kimberly Reeves had to show substantial progress in raising achievement scores to keep her school off the state's low-performing list and to help the district maintain positive community relations. Reeves declined to test several high school students who were failing core courses and would be required to retake them the following year. The principal had not considered this a formof cheating, even though it ran counter to the spirit of the state testing guidelines. Her decision could have unintended consequences for the district and the local economy.
Student Grading Policies
Authors: Gregory Richard A.
Published: February 2006

This case study focuses on the legal aspects of school district grading policies. Given parental and student challenges to assigned grades, a school district and its employees must be prepared to respond appropriately to substantive and procedural claims. Moreover, when these claims cannot be resolved at the building level, administrative reviews, case law, and collective bargaining may enter the arena to ensure equity and fairness to all parties.
Who Should Make Decisions?
Authors: Mackenzie Sarah V.
Published: February 2006

This case concerns conflict over decision making in a high school and highlights major differences of opinion regarding the purposes of schooling and the democratic ideals of education. Faculty members who have worked toward greater heterogeneity are at odds with parents who want more honors classes. The school's faculty council has instituted a process for decision making that assures teachers have a voice in matters of curriculum and instruction. The principal wants to keep parents happy but also honor the principles of shared leadership. The case demonstrates the tension between the needs of individual students or group of students and the aim of the school to best fulfill the learning needs of all students. It focuses on the democratic underpinnings ofAmerican education: How do you balance the input of all stakeholders when making decisions about school practice and policy?
E Pluribus Unum
Authors: Barbour JoAnn Danelo
Published: February 2006

Attempting to build teams within existing cultures often leads to unintended consequences for school administrators. A subculture can become weaker or stronger than the particular department or grade level within which it is housed. Perhaps a team stays so weak that it never becomes as strong or effective as the department; perhaps a grade-level team is so creative and cohesive that it builds a subculture stronger than other grade-level teams. In this case, a principal is faced with the complex issues of understanding grade-level subcultures while making decisions that will groweffective campus teams and, ultimately, building a school culture, creating “one from the many,” as the title of the case suggests. This case is appropriate for courses such as organizational culture, instructional leadership, staff development, teambuilding, or school change. Because of its rich context and multilayered nature, the case may be used most appropriately during multiple class meetings.
Bullying at Lincoln Middle School
Authors: Sterrett William L. , Shifflett Larry F.
Published: February 2006

In today’s age of increasing accountability and scrutiny for school leaders, the issue of school bullying is perhaps one of the most prominent challenges that the school administrator will address. This case study seeks to illuminate the topic of bullying, specifically within the middle school context, while drawing upon recent research and organizational theory. Lincoln Middle School is not unlike many middle schools across the nation that experience students bullying others. The administrators of Lincoln Middle use their greatest resource, their own staff and students, to address this issue and ultimately succeed in improving their school climate.
Case Study of Above Average Elementary School
Authors: Méndez-Morse Sylvia , Klinker JoAnn Franklin
Published: February 2006

This case study explores the duty of midmanagement administrators to enforce district policies with which they do not necessarily agree. The case addresses the issues of moral leadership, distribution of power, emotional responses that impact decision making, class differences, and equity. It also examines the role conflict that many married female principals bring to the job description. Issues of class and the growing inequities in the class structure of the United States are pivotal to the discussion. This case can be used in classes that consider gender and leadership, decision making, equity, moral leadership, organizational change, policy implementation, and community/school relations.
Issues of Access and Excellence
Authors: Kramer Philip I.
Published: February 2006

People who become educational leadership professors usually come to their new occupation with a range of skills and experiences. Most doctoral preparation programs in educational leadership however do not always prepare future faculty members to address conflicts that arise when the actual roles and responsibilities of the new faculty member conflict with either their own norms and values or the institutions’ norms, values, or mission. This case is an opportunity to consider how new faculty prepare for entrance into the professoriate. This case guides the reader through an exploration of faculty expectations of their students and themselves and how to plan student evaluations given students’ characteristics in the context and the culture of the institution. Future faculty members can benefit from a thoughtful consideration of themselves and how their expectations for themselves and their students affect the teaching and learning process.
Nearing the Line
Authors: Ziegler Scott A.
Published: February 2006

This case was developed for a class on administration and supervision. It describes the classroom speech of a teacher who uses questionable terms when referring to female students in his class. The case explores the distorted boundary between inappropriate speech and sexual harassment as a principal is called on to deal with a teacher’s use of the term baby-cakes in class. The principal must decide whether use of this term constitutes sexual harassment or is simply part of the teacher’s acceptable classroom terminology.
Equal Access: Community Values and Student Rights
Authors: Brown R. Stephen , Penn Janet L. , Claudet Joseph
Published: February 2006

This case addresses the issue of equal access rights of students in schools. The case portrays the organizational leadership challenges that emerge in response to a request by a student to the principal of a senior high school for permission to initiate a gay and lesbian student organization on campus. The student request becomes a catalyst for controversial reactions by parents and the local press, and places both short and long term school leadership demands on the principal.
A Football Coach for Bayou Sara
Authors: Fossey Richard , Stuhlmann Janice M.
Published: February 2006

In this case, a recently-hired teacher is arrested for child abuse. Students are asked to review the school district's hiring process, the teacher's job application, and references to determine whether a bad hiring decision might have been avoided had the district used better hiring practices. The case is designed for a class in personnel relations or human resources management. It can also be used in a course on school law.
Interviewing for the Principalship
Authors: Hackmann Donald G.
Published: February 2006

Donna Rensick is a candidate for the Southside High School principalship. When she arrives for her interview, she learns more details concerning issues the school has been experiencing, including: racial strife prompted by changing demographics, sagging achievement scores, low teacher morale, a poorly maintained building, and a leadership void. At the conclusion of the interview, she is asked how she would improve the school's learning environment and whether she is capable of accepting this challenge.
Opportunities for Instructional Leadership at Rolling Ridge Middle School
Authors: Bradshaw Lynn K.
Published: February 2006

This case was developed for use in a course on learning-centered leadership with a focus on supervision. Varied data are presented about the school, the district, the students, and the community. Students must analyze the data, identify inconsistencies, formulate additional questions and strategies for gaining additional information, and begin to develop a plan for working in a new leadership role to improve instruction and student performance.
Scandal at Placido High: Coincidence or Conspiracy?
Authors: DiPaola Michael F.
Published: February 2006

This case reflects some of the messy problems administrators confront. Problems that: occur outside of the traditional school routine or setting; involve individuals or organizations outside of the schoolís jurisdiction; unfold in the daily newspaper, as reliable information is being sought by school officials; can easily spin out of control and violate basic rights and principles.
A Time of Reckoning: Crisis in the Buffalo Public School System (Abridged)
Authors: Scott Esther , Linsky Martin
Published: February 2006

This case was written as one of a series of four cases looking at issues of leadership from the perspective of a school superintendent. It is hoped that teachers and facilitators who use the case will add their comments and reflections so that this note will begin to reflect actual classroom experience.
Rawls's Practical Conception of Justice: Opinion, Tradition and Objectivity in Political Liberalism
Authors: Kaufman Alexander
Published: February 2006

In Political Liberalism, Rawls emphasizes the practical character and aims of his conception of justice. Justice as fairness is to provide the basis of a reasoned, informed and willing political agreement by locating grounds for consensus in the fundamental ideas and values of the political culture. Critics urge, however, that such a politically liberal conception of justice will be designed merely to ensure the stability of political institutions by appealing to the currently-held opinions of actual citizens. In order to evaluate this concern, I suggest, it is necessary to focus on the normative character of Rawls's analysis. Rawls argues that justice as fairness is the conception of justice that citizens of modern democratic cultures should choose in reflective equilibrium, after reflecting fully upon their considered judgments regarding justice. Since judgments in reflective equilibrium are grounded in considered judgment, rather than situated opinions, I argue that the criticism fails.
Standards, Advice, and Practical Reason
Authors: Andreou Chrisoula
Published: February 2006

Is there a mode of sincere advice in which the standards of the adviser are put aside in favor of the standards of the advisee? I consider two sorts of cases that appear to be such that the adviser is evaluating things from within the advisee's system of standards even though this system conflicts with her own; and I argue that these cases are best interpreted in ways that dissolve this appearance. I then argue that the nature of sincere advice precludes an adviser's putting aside her own system of standards in favor of a competing system of standards. It follows that, contrary to what some have suggested, it cannot be that practical reason judgments– which are concerned with what an agent has reason to do or not to do and which can figure as advice–evaluate actions from within the agent's (as opposed to the judger's) system of standards.
Effect of fluxes containing oxides on tungsten inert gas welding process
Authors: Leconte S. , Paillard P. , Saindrenan J.
Published: February 2006

The use of an inorganic powder, termed activating flux, is a technique that can be used to improve the tungsten inert gas welding process. The activated tunsten inert gas (ATIG) process greatly increases single pass depth penetration. In the present work the activating effect of different oxides on 304L stainless steel was studied, to determine the main relationships between the oxide propertie(s) and the weld bead geometry variation and consequently to determine the mechanism(s) occurring during the ATIG welding process. The results show that oxide melting point T m, the liquid state ( T b– T m), the lattice energy E L, and the quantity of oxygen that can be liberated seem to play an important role, even though T m is the main property. Moreover, for some oxides, the hygrometry rate is another property that can increase the activating effect.
Material flow during friction stir spot welding
Authors: Su P. , Gerlich A. , North T. H. , Bendzsak G. J.
Published: February 2006

Material flow during friction stir spot welding is investigated. An examination of dissimilar Al 5754/Al 6111 spot welds was conducted to allow visualisation of material flow based on their differing etching characteristics. In addition, Al 6061–T6 spot welds containing Al2O3 tracer particles were examined to highlight the movement of material in different joint regions. It has been confirmed that upper sheet material is moved downwards into the lower sheet when a layer of upper sheet material is pushed ahead at the tip of the rotating pin, when upper sheet material becomes trapped at the root of the pin thread, and when an adhering layer of upper sheet material forms at the pin periphery during spot welding using a smooth pin. Lower sheet material is displaced upwards and outwards in a spiral motion when the rotating pin forms the keyhole. Two distinct zones of material flow are produced during friction stir spot welding: an inner flow zone close to the pin periphery where upper sheet material moves downwards in an anticlockwise direction with the rotating pin; and an outer flow zone where lower sheet material moves upwards and outwards in a spiral motion.