bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MIXED MYCOTIC RHINITIS IN A 3-YEAR OLD PETRAIN BOAR: CASE REPORT
Authors: OKE-EGBODO B. E. , JEGEDE J. O. , OKE P. O. , ANZARKU J. E. , HASSAN R. , BELLO T. K. , TSAVKAR D. T.
Published: December 2024

The attention of the Animal Health team of Swine Research Unit of Swine and Rabbit Research
Programme of NAPRI was drawn to a farrowing pen on 12thAugust, 2016 with a chief complaint of bleeding from the nose of a 3-year old Petrain boar. Microbiological survey identified a heamolytic Staphylococcus spp. Corynebaclerium spp. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger from the high sterile nasal swab taken from the boar. Clinical pathology result revealed anaemia and hypoproteinemia.The boar was treated with deep intramuscular administration of Tylosin at 8.8 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days, Dexamethasone at 0.1 mg/kg. iron dextran at 200mg thrice a week and 8ml of multivitamin given every other day. The boar recovered following the treatment regimen. Keywords: NAPRI, Petrain. Boar. Aspergillosis. Atrophic Rhinitis.
POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCAPULAR LYMPH NODE IN ONE-HUMPED CAMEL (Camelus dromedarius): A MORPHOMTRIC STUDY
Authors: SHEHU S. A. , BELLO A. , UMARU M. A. , SULEIMAN M. H. , ABUBAKAR M. B. , ADAMU Y. A.
Published: December 2024

The study aimed at forming a base line data on prescapular lymph node of one- humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) at post-natal stage of development and determination of the role of the lymph node in disease resistance of the animal species. A morphometric study was conducted on the prescapular lymph nodes of thirty camels (15 each from male and female) collected from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir over a period of three weeks at different post-natal ages. The approximate age of the camels was estimated using rostral dentition. The morphologic observations revealed that the lymph nodes were relatively large elongated, pinkish, palpable structures situated in the caudal and ventral part of the neck, cranial to the shoulder joint and between the superficial pectoral and the sternocephalic muscles. There is a progressive increase in length, width, weight and volume of the lymph nodes with advancement in age in both sexes. These biometrical variables are relatively higher in male than in female.
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF COMMERCIALLY PREPARED YOGHURT RETAILED IN SOKOTO STATE, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: SALISU M. D. , JUNAIDU A. U.
Published: December 2024

Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of six brands (18 samples) of yoghurt sampled from retail outlets in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria were evaluated for the level of quality measures used by the producers and their wholesomeness for human consumption. The mean pH value of the yoghurt samples ranges from 3.69-4.50. The mean total aerobic plate count (TPAC) was 3.37 x 10* cfu/ml while the range was 2.66 x 10 to 1.13 x 10 cfu/ml of yoghurt. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the cfu/ml between the six yoghurt brands analysed. The aerobic plate mesophilic bacteria isolated were Lactobacillus spp and Streptococcus spp while E. coli an indicator for coliforms was not detected in any of the samples. The findings of this study indicates that the bacterial load of commercially produced yoghurt sold in Sokoto were within the recommended safe limits of 1.0-3.5 x 10 cfu/ml for human consumption.
CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR YOGHURT ATTRIBUTES IN KADUNA METROPOLIS
Authors: ALLI-BALOGUN J. K. , JIBIR M. , SHU'AIBU S. A. , SALKA N. M. , OLUGBEMI T. S.
Published: December 2024

A two phased survey was conducted firstly to identify and determine packaged yoghurt brands, consumer preference for the brands and ascertain quality attributes important to consumers in Kaduna metropolis. In phase two of the study yoghurt was prepared with varying levels of the identified attributes and consumer preferences in terms of the identified attributes (colour, thickness, sweetness and flavor) were determined. The survey identified about twenty commercial yoghurt brands, the first five commands more than 87% of consumer preference. Consumers preferred moderately thick and sweetened, strawberry flavored white colored yoghurt. The Sensory evaluation validated the consumer survey in that white colored, strawberry flavored yoghurt was most preferred, indicating a possible midpoint bias .The least preferred yoghurt color was yellow.
EFFICACY OF WATER AND LACTIC ACID AS WASH SOLUTION IN PREVENTING RECONTAMINATION IN REFRIGERATED CHICKEN CARCASS
Authors: SANWO K. A. , OLAYEMI J. O. , IPOSU S. O. , ATAYESE A. O. , SHITTAN B. O. , ADEGBITE J. A.
Published: December 2024

This experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of distilled water and lactic acid as wash solutions in preventing recontamination of some specific microbes on refrigerated chicken carcass. Chicken wings were purchased from an open market in Kuto, Abeokuta, Ogun State which were flayed (removing of the skin from the lean meat). The flayed skin (50 g) was initially observed for microbial load and was then agitated in the two wash solutions in a stomacher blender for 10 seconds, and then refrigerated for 9 days. Microbial load counts and identification were done at days 0, 3, 6 and 9 days of refrigeration. All measured parameters were significantly (P<0.05) different. Microbes such as Salmonella and Shigella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus were observed on meat samples. Both treatments 1 and 2 showed the same trend of microbial load, in which all the bacteria were reduced as refrigeration days increased. The bacteria population of chicken wings washed in distilled water was not as effective as those washed in 0.4% lactic acid. There was total removal of Staphylococcus aureus from 190 logio cfu/ml to 0 log10 cfu/ml after washing in 0.4% lactic acid solution.
ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE TROPICAL VETERINARIAN 2008-2012
Authors: OKANLAWON C. E. , ADEWOLE S. O.
Published: December 2024

The articles published in the volume 26-30 (2008-2012) of the Tropical Veterinarian (TV) were subjected to some bibliometric examinations on the authors, geographical spread of both authors and the articles of the contents of the literature of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine as represented by the journal. 273 authors published severally in the 5 volumes of the tropical veterinarian. 71.9% of the publishing authors are from the South West Zone of Nigeria; the seat of the publisher of the journal, University of Ibadan. Contributions are however received from all the geographical zones of Nigeria and some from internationally located authors. 98% the periodical articles published by the T.V. were jointly authored, which conforms with the trend obtainable globally in science and technology. There is an appauling scenario in the number of the articles published in every volume as 5 articles per issue is low and calls for the attention of the editors and publishers. As an international journal interested in expounding the frontiers of knowledge in animal science and veterinary medicine, papers on the study of the literature of the subject of information science should be published.
Sapronegnia Fungus Species: A THREAT TO SUSTAINABLE FISH PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
Authors: ADESINA B. T. , OMITOYIN B. O. , ADESINA O. A. , LADOKUN A. O. , ADEOSUN F. I. , AFOLAYAN J. L. , ADEYEMO A. A. , IWEBEMA W. C. , IGA A. , ONI E. O. , ADEBIYI A. O.
Published: December 2024

In the hatchery, where primary production of fries and fingerlings were the key to sustainable fish production is currently faced with obnoxious problem caused from infection on the hatchling eggs of freshwater fish by the Sapronegnia Fungus Species (SFS) at the hatchery production units of every aquaculture outfits in Nigeria and elsewhere in the tropics. In an attempt to control SFS in the hatchery, fish farmers regularly make used of synthetic chemicals are used to control fish eggs infection in the hatchery. Currently, world is tending towards the campaign on the use of organic fungicides application in aquaculture sector as a results of their cost effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. Searching for the most effective organic fungicides is unabated. The paper therefore reviewed on causes of saprolegniasis in fish, mode of Saprolegniasis infection on freshwater fish and eggs,effects of Saprolegnia on aquatic organisms and their biosafety, synthetic fungicides treatment of Saprolegnia, organic fungicides treatment of Saprolegnia: medicinal plants to the rescue, benefit of organic fungicides application in sustainable fish production in Nigeria and elsewhere in the tropics. Some safety recommendations were proposed for proper usage of organic fungicides in sustainable aquaculture production in the hatchery operations in Nigeria.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ZINC SUPPLIMENTATION ON THE GROWTH RATE OF RABBIT BUCKS
Authors: ANAKEBE-OGBU O. C. , HERBERT U. U. , NWANKWO N. O. T.
Published: December 2024

The study objective was to determine the effect of different levels of zinc (Oppm, 50ppm, 100ppm. and 150ppm) on growth rate of male rabbits. 32 male rabbit were used for the study. They were fed 4 treatment diets which contained Oppm, 50ppm, 100ppm and 150ppm of zinc. Initial, final and weekly weight of the rabbit was recorded, and this were used to determine daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and daily feed intake. 100ppm/kg of feed promoted growth rate of male rabbits among the treatments.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY ASSESSMENTS OF 'WARA' PRECIPITATED USING TWO PLANT EXTRACTS
Authors: IBHAZE G. A. , OSASONA A. O. , ADEBAYO O. A. , JOACHIM C. , FAJEMISIN A. N.
Published: December 2024

In order to find alternative plant rennet to the traditional Calotropis procera (CLE) used in cheese production in Nigeria, the physico-chemical and sensory qualities of unripe Carica papaya pulp extract (UCE)and its combination with CLE was investigated. The extracts which formed the treatments were in the following concentrations; 20% CLE alone, 20% UPE alone, 20% CLE + 80% UPE, 15% CLE+ 85% UPE, CLE+ 90% UPE, 5% CLE+95% UPE. The physico-chemical quality showed significant variations in, the fat, moisture and protein contents. The fat content (60.77%) of cheese made from 15% CLE+85%UCE was significantly (P<0.05) higher. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in the ash content. The protein (24.98%) of cheese precipitated from 20%CLE+80%UPE was significantly (P<0.05) higher. Free fatty acid values was not significantly (P>0.05) different. The peroxide and acid values, % cheese yield differed significantly (P<0.05). The coagulation time (CT) of the cheese were significantly (P<0.05) different with 20%UCE having the highest value (40mins). The cheese pH did not differ (P>0.05) significantly. The sensory evaluation result was not significantly different (P>0.05). These results show that unripe C. papaya extract can serve as suitable alternative and can be combined with C.procera as coagulants in cheese production.
EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF SOAKED AND FERMENTED AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN SEED MEAL ON THE PERFORMANCE AND NUTREINTS DIGESTIBILITIES BY BROILER CHICKENS AT STARTER PHASE
Authors: TAMBURAWA M. S. , OGUNDIPE S. O. , TEGBE T. S. B. , OLUGBEMI T. S.
Published: December 2024

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the performance and nutrients digestibilities by broiler chickens fed diets containing soaked and fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seed meal (SFALBSM). Five diets were formulated in which SFLSBM was included at graded levels of 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Two hundred and twenty five (225) broiler chickens (Marshall Strain) were fed these diets in a completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated three times with 15 birds per replicate. The experiment lasted 4 weeks. Faecal samples were collected, weighed and evaluated for proximate composition. The results of performance shoed were significant differences (P<0.05) in the final body weight (734.25-919.89g), total weight gain (679.13-898.31g) and total feed intake (1572.39-1708.56g). The feed conversion ratio (1.87-2.31) were significantly (P<0.05) better for 15% ALBSM diet compared to others. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the crude protein, crude fibre and ash digestibilities. The feed cost per kilogram gain was better for treatment 3 (N137.51/ kg gain) compared to others. It was concluded that 15% SFALBSM can included in the diet of broiler chicks without any depression on performance and digestibility of nutrients.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF COMMONLY USED DIETARY OILS IN BROILER PRODUCTION
Authors: ABOKEDE T. V. , OGUNWOLE O. A. , MOSURO A. O. , JEMISEYE F. O. , ADEDEJI B. S. , OLUDOYI I. A. , TEWE O. O.
Published: December 2024

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF COMMONLY USED DIETARY OILS IN BROILER PRODUCTIONT. V. ABOKEDE, O. A. OGUNWOLE, A. O. MOSURO, F. O. JEMISEYE, B. S. ADEDEJI, I. A. OLUDOYI AND O. O. TEWEAgricultural Biochemistry and Nutrition Unit,Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. *Correspondence: titilopeabokede@yahoo.com; +2348113333305ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to characterize different dietary oils commonly used in broiler chicken production. Soybean oil (SYO), Palm-kernel oil (PKO), Sheabutter (SHO), Coconut oil (CO) and Groundnut oil (GNO) were each assayed for their physical and chemical characteristics using standard procedures. The SYO had higher (P<0.05) saponification value (14.55 mg/KOH) compared to GNO (12.00mg/KOH), which had the lowest value, SHO had the higher (P<0.05), acid value of (3.65 mgKOH/g), compared to SYO that had the lowest value (0.90) and PKO had the highest value for iodine and peroxide values (2.50) as compared to SYO which had the lowest value of (1.60). For the fatty acid profile, CO was higher (P<0.05) in Arachidonic acid of (2.25) while GNO had the a lower value of (0.07) and Linoleic acid was highest in CO (19.72) as compared to (8.21) of PKO that had the lowest value, linolenic acid was highest in SYO (2.81) compared to SHO (0.16) that had the lowest value. SYO (2.19) had the highest content of vitamin A compared to SHO (1.73) that had the lowest value while SYO had the highest value for vitamin E (53.29) content and SHO had the lowest value (38.25). The different oils have varying level of inherent nutrient which when used as ingredient, may have varying impact on performance of broiler chickensKeywords: Saponification value, Iodine value, Peroxide value, Acid value, Dietary oils.
EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON THE NUTRIENTS QUALITIES OF RUBBER SEED MEAL
Authors: AKINSANMI S. K. , JOACHIM C. O. , SUDIK S. D. , IGBASAN F. A. , AGBEDE J. O.
Published: December 2024

The nutritive values of rubber seed meal (RSM) subjected to processing methods were evaluated to ascertain its usefulness in animal feeds. The rubber seeds were subjected to five different treatments; (a) soaking in hot water for 12 hours, drained and sundried; (b) soaking in ash solution for 12 hours, drained and sundried; (c) roasting for 15 minutes and cooled at room temperature; (d) Stored at room temperature for thirty five days. (e) Chemical de-fattened using Soxhlet apparatus. The samples were dried, milled and subjected to chemical analysis. The result revealed that defatted samples were significantly (P<0.05) highest in CP (40.36) and carbohydrate (41.48), Portion of energy due to protein (PEP) (37.08) and protein/fat ratio (3.25). Ash soaked and hot water sample had significant (P<0.05) highest energy (2675.61 and 2626.37 respectively); while those stored in room temperature sample where higher in NDF and ADL. Defatted sample has better nutrient quality than other processed samples.
CARCASS YIELD AND ORGAN WEIGHTS OF BROILER FINISHER BIRDS FED DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT FAT SOURCES
Authors: ANI A. O. , OGWUEGBU M. C. , OSITA C. O. , AKURU E. A. , EZEMAGU I. E.
Published: December 2024

A four-week study was conducted to determine the effect of four different fat sources on carcass yield, organ weights and lipid profile of broiler finisher birds. One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups of 24 birds each and assigned to five treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). The dietary treatments consisted of 1% added fat from four different sources as follows: Tl, diet containing no oil; T2 diet containing 1% palm oil; T3, diet containing 1% soybean oil; T4, diet containing 1% palm kernel oil and T5, diet containing 1% groundnut oil. Each treatment was replicated three times with 8 birds per replicate. Feed and water were provided ad libitum to the birds. Results showed that live weight, carcass weight and dressing% of birds on T4 was significantly different (P<0.05) from all other treatments. Most of the internal organ-weights of birds on T4 and T1 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in other treatments. The abdominal fat weight of birds on T4 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the other treatment. It was concluded that addition of vegetable fat from palm kernel oil and groundnut oil in broiler diets enhanced carcass and organ weights of birds.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SMALLHOLDER PIG PRODUCTION IN SABON GARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: EZEH C. C. , MICHAEL E. O.
Published: December 2024

Multistage sampling procedures were adopted in this study to select Sabon Gari Local Government Area (LGA), 3 out of 11 wards in the LGA and 49 pig farmers. The aim was to analyze the socio-economic as well as costs and returns of pig production in the LGA. A structured questionnaire was used to generate primary data which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis. Results showed that majority of the farmers fell within the active productive age of 30-50 years; 67% were males and over 67% were married. The total variable cost (TVC) amounted to N185,000 while the gross income was N539,000 yielding a gross margin of N 354,000 and return on investment of N 2.91. Major constraints identified include shortage of funds and poor pricing of produce. Recommendations proffered include better access to credit and membership of cooperative and farmer groups.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITIES OF WEANER RABBITS FED GRADED LEVELS OF BOILED NEGRO COFFEE (Senna occidentalis) SEED MEAL.
Authors: SULEIMAN A. O. , KUDU Y. S. , IBRAHIM M. J.
Published: December 2024

A twelve (12) weeks feeding trial was carried out to determine the growth performance and meat qualities of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of boiled Senna occidentalis seed meal(BSOM). A total of five (5) experimental diets were formulated to include BSOM at inclusion levels of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% respectively. Forty five (45) weaner rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes were randomly apportioned to five (5) dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD. The result obtained for averageweekly feed intake showed significant difference (P<0.05) between treatments with reduced feed intake as levels of BSOM increases across all the groups. The average weekly weight gain indicated significant difference (P<0.05) among treatments and increases as inclusions of BSOM increases up to 07.50 % inclusion level and decreases at 10.00 % inclusion level. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) tends to increase as inclusion levels of BSOM increase. Significant difference (P<0.05) were also observed in the protein efficiency ratio (PER) and Energy efficiency ratio (EER). All parameters evaluated for meat quality; water holding capacity (WHC), meat pH, cooking yield (Cy) and cooking loss (Cl), indicated significant difference. The better result in terms of weight gain, FCR and meat qualities were obtained in diet 4 containing 07.50 % BSOM. As regards to these findings, it was concluded that 07.50 % BSOM can be included in the diets of growing rabbits without any deleterious effect.
FECUNDITY AND FOOD HABITS OF THE SLENDER STONEBASHER (Hippopotamyrus ansorgii Boulenger, 1905) (Mormyridae) IN OGBESE RIVER
Authors: ODEDEYI D. O. , ODEDIRE I. M.
Published: December 2024

Fecundity and food habits of Hippopotamyrus ansorgii from Ogbese River were investigated. The major fishing method employed for collecting the specimens were cast and gill netting. The total lengths ranged from 14.6 cm to 22.1cm while the body weights ranged from 30.0 to 91.0 g. The food items found in the examined stomachs were rotifer, algae, insects, crustacean, detritus and plant parts but the major food items based on the ranking index were insects and crustaceans. The sex ratio of H. ansorgii was 1.13: 1 for males: females. The gonadosomatic index showed that H. ansorgii in Ogbese River uses an average of 11.69% of its body weight in egg production. Fecundity ranged from 600 to 7200 eggs with an average of 3231eggs per female. In conclusion, H. ansorgii in Ogbese River was an omnivore and highly fecund fish.
GROWTH RESPONSE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILERS FED HEAT TREATED JATROPHA SEED CAKE-BASED DIETS
Authors: Agboola A. F. , OMIDIWURA B. R. O.
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to determine the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed heat treated Jatropha Seed Cake (JSC) in an experiment that lasted for 28 days. 200 seven-day-old Arbor acre broiler chicks were weighed and randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of 5 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. Treatment 1 was the basal (corn-soyabean meal diet) with no JSC. Treatments 2, 3 and 4 contained the basal diet and 5, 10 15% JSC respectively. Weekly weight gain, feed intake and percentage mortality of birds were assessed. On day 28, two birds were slaughtered from each replicate, carcass primal cuts and organ weights were harvested and weighed. The highest final weight, weight gain and feed intake were observed in birds on the control diet (0% JSC inclusion). No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the final weight and the weight gain-of birds on diets with 5% and 10% JSC based diets. The least final weight (685.38g/b) and weight gain (553.98g/b) were recorded for birds on 15% JSC diet. The feed intake of birds on the control diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher (1419.18g/b) than that of birds on JSC diets. Similar feed conversion ratio was observed in birds on the control diet and those on 5 and 10% JSC diets. There was no mortality recorded in birds on experimental diets. There were significant (P<0.05) differences observed in the live weight, wings, breast, drumstick and back of birds on experimental diets. Highest live weight was recorded for birds on the control diet (1002g/b) while the least (685.38g/b) was observed in birds on 15% JSC diet. Resembling trends were observed in the wings, breast, drumstick and back of birds on the control diet. Similar results were observed for wings, breast, and drumstick and back of birds on 10% and 15% JSC diets. Spleens of birds on JSC diets were identical. Thigh, gizzard, liver, pancreas and heart were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by diets. Meanwhile, bursa of fabricius of birds on the control diet and 5% JSC diet were similar and significantly different from those on 10 and 15% JSC diets.
EFFECTS OF FEEDING VARYING LEVELS OF MELON (Citrullus vulgaris) SEED HUSKS MEAL SUPPLEMENTED WITH MAXIGRAIN ON PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE GROWING RABBITS (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Olukotun O. , Aremu A. , Alemede L. C. , Nwachukwu P. C. , Odidi O. D.
Published: December 2024

The experiment was conducted using 45 female growing rabbits with an average initial live weight of 927.78-943.33 g for a period of 91 days to study the effect of varying levels of melon seed husk (MSH) meal supplemented with or without multi-enzyme (MAXIGRAIN) on the performance of the rabbits. Rabbits were randomly distributed into five treatments, each one contains nine rabbits. Three levels of lon seed husks and two levels of enzymes preparation were used. Melon seed husks were used at levels of 0 (control), 10 and 20 % of diets. MAXIGRAINR enzyme containing cellulase, xylase, beta-glucanase and phytase was added at 0 and 0.1 % of diets. The dietary treatments were T1-0 % MSH & 0% MAXIGRAIN (control), T2 10 % MSH & 0 % MAXIGRAIN, T3 - 20 % MSH & 0 % MAXIGRAIN, T4-10 % MSH & 0.1 % MAXIGRAIN,T5-20 % MSH & 0.1 % MAXIGRAIN®. The daily live weight gain for rabbits fed diets T1,T2, T3, T4 and T5 were 8.00, 7.88, 7.72,8.50 and 7.94 g respectively and the differences among the dietary groups were not significant (P>0.05) but it numerically increased by 0.5 % in T4 as compared to control (T1). The feed conversion ratio of different dietary groups did not differ significantly (P>0.05). However, 8.28, 8.92, 9.84, 7.58 and 8.22 were observed for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Conclusively, the results from this study showed that the use of melon seed husks in replacement of maize can be successfully fed at 10 % of growing rabbits diet supplemented with MAXIGRAINR enzyme without adverse or deleterious effect on performance.
NUTRIENT INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF WEANER RABBITS FED YAM PEELS REPLACING MAIZE AT DIFFERENT LEVELS
Authors: Garba Y. , Muhammad K. A.
Published: December 2024

A fifty-seven days feeding trial was conducted using weaner rabbits of mixed breed. The aim was to determine nutrient intake and digestibility by the test animals fed graded levels of yam peels replacing maize. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design where the dietary treatments were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% which were replicated thrice. Results obtained revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in all variables evaluated in terms of the nutrient intake while significant (P<0.05) differences were observed only in respect to the crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, and neutral detergent fibre for the digestibility indices. Crude protein intake ranged from 10.78% to 16.62% while crude fibre intake was in the range of 3.32% to 5.53%. The crude fibre, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre digestibilities were 19.59% - 68.99%, 10.65% - 39.09% and 11.52% -44.78% respectively which increased with increase in the test material. From the results obtained, it is concluded that yam peels inclusion in the diet of weaner rabbits could be as high as 20% replacing maize without any harmful effect. It is however recommended that the experimental diets be fed to other categories of rabbits with a view to evaluate the nutrient intake, digestibility and other performance variables.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WEANED RABBITS FED VARYING LEVELS OF KENAF GRAIN-LEAF MIXTURES MEAL
Authors: FAYENUWO J. O. , OMOLE A. J. , AWE A. O. , POPOOLA Y. A. , OWOSIBO O. T. , ODEJIDE J. O. , OKPEZE V. E.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding weaned rabbit with kenaf grain-leaf mixtures meal as replacement for groundnut cake meal fraction of the diet on dressing percentage, organ weights and meat quality. A total of thirty six weaned rabbits of mean weight 566.45+2.65g were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments replicated three times and each replicate contained three rabbit per replicate in a completely randomized design. Four diets were formulated to contain KGLM at 0% (KGLM 1) Control, 50% (KGLM 2), 75% (KGLM 3) and 100% (KGLM 4) as replacement for groundnut cake meal fraction in the diet of weaned rabbit. Data were collected on dressing percent, organs weight, chemical composition of the meat etc. The results shows that no significant difference was observed in dressing percentage of rabbits fed the control diet and 50% KGLM (P>0.05). The dietary treatments had no significant effect on kidney, lung and heart weight (P>0.05). The colour, taste, flavour, texture and general acceptability of the meat were relatively the same in all the treatments (P>0.05)
PHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE HEAMATOLOGICAL STATUS OF PIGS IN A GOVERNMENT OWNED FARM IN KOGI STATE NIGERIA
Authors: ANOH K. U. , BABAWALE-OLAYINKA O. I. , ABDULLAHI I. , IDACHABA C. U. , LAWAL M. A.
Published: December 2024

Nutrition is a very important aspect of pig production and affects the blood values of pigs, but most farmers are ignorant about the nutrient requirements of pigs. On this note, a study was carried out to evaluate the changes in blood parameters of swine that was mostly fed crop residue and periodically with little concentrate as supplement. A total of 30 pigs comprising 10 piglet, 10 growers and 10 adult were used for this study. The pigs were adequately housed, while feed and potable water were supplied ad libitum. The crop residues fed were cassava peals, yam peals and amaranths vegetable supplemented with little concentrate for a period of 9 weeks. Ten (10) pigs were randomly sampled from each treatment and blood collected into an EDTA bottle. The samples were analyzed for full and differentia blood count. The finding of the study revealed that growing pigs fed the diets were significantly (P<0.05) nutritionally stressed as their haematological and differential counts were outside the normal range recommended for pigs. It thus becomes imperative to pay attention to the quality of feed fed to livestock and considerations also should be given on the influence of feed on blood parameters of farm animals
SENSORY EVALUATION OF MEAT FROM RED SOKOTO GOATS FED GRADED LEVELS OF CORN COB DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH COWPEA HUSK
Authors: ISHIAKU Y. M. , TSADO D. N. , OYIBO S. U.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted on Sensory evaluation of meat from Red Sokoto goats in feedlot trial. The goats were fed graded levels of corn cob diets at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% supplemented with cowpea husk. Meat from the experimental animals was subjected to cooking and frying. 18 untrained panelists are requested to record their responses for meat quality based on colour, tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall acceptability for cooked and fried meat samples using the nine point scoring scale. From the result obtained in this study has shown that both cooking and frying of the meat samples were significantly (P<0.05) different in terms of individual preferences for meat quality. The consumer preferences observed for the cooked meat in all the treatment diets ranges from (7.17 to 8.94) and for the fried meat was from (6.15 to 8.72), respectively. However, cooked meat samples in terms, of colour preference in Diet 3 (8.78) was significantly (P<0.05) better than the meat samples from other treatment diets. Meat samples obtained from Diet 2 was significantly (P<0.05) better in tenderness (8.56), juiciness (8.94) and flavour (8.78). The fried goat meat preference for colour (8.50) was significantly (P<0.05) better in Diet 4.Meat sample from goats fed Diet 2 was better in tenderness (8.67), while meat samples from goat fed Diet 4 was significantly (P<0.05) better in juiciness (8.72) and flavour (8.11) respectively. The overall acceptability of goat meat samples for the cooked and the fried meats preferences were not significantly (P>0.05) different when compared for all the treatment diets on colour, juiciness, tenderness and flavour. It was concluded from this trial that despite consumer's preference for goat meat sample varies. Goat meat either cooked or fried was highly acceptable. Therefore, corn cob can be included in the diets of Red Sokoto goats up to 30% for better meat quality and acceptability without any detrimental effect.
THE EFFECTS OF VARYING LEVELS OF DIETARY SALT ON PERFORMANCE AND FAECAL PARAMETERS OF LATE PRODUCTION LAYERS
Authors: Aro S. O. , Owokotomo E. P. , Adebayo A. D.
Published: December 2024

This experiment was performed to investigate the performance and faecal parameters of laying birds fed different levels of dietary salt. Four experimental diets designated as: T1 (control diet with 0.25% Salt). T2 (0.50% Salt), T3 (0.75% Salt), T4 (1.00% Salt) were fed to late production layers. Data from the birds on weight gain, feed intake, mortality, egg production, egg weight and feed conversion ratio were collected while faecal parameters like faecal dry matter, faecal volume, faecal density, faecal consistency and percentage moisture content were also taken as response criteria. The results showed that the total egg .laid, average egg weight, feed conversion ratio and mortality of the experimental birds were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the dietary treatments. The hen-day production, hen-housed production, and total feed intake were influenced significantly (P < 0.05) by the treatment diets. The faccal volume, faecal weight and the faecal density of the experimental birds were not significantly different (P > 0.05) but faecal output, faecal dry matter, faecal consistency, faecal moisture and percentage faecal moisture varied significantly (P<0.05). It was observed that egg production was better conferred on the bird at 0.75% (T3) of dietary salt. Conclusively, this experiment showed that increase in the levels of dietary salt up to 0.75% could improve total egg production, livability and feed efficiency of late production layers. Increased faecal moisture, decreased faecal consistency and a predisposition to wet litter could result at levels above 0.75%.
INFLUENCE OF Moringa oleifera SEED MEAL ON MALE JAPANESE QUAILS
Authors: Adedibu I. I. , Jimoh M. A. , Enesha V. , Akinsola O. M.
Published: December 2024

This study was designed to assess the effect of Moringa oleifera seed meal on male quail reproductive system. 40 males aged 21 days were used for the study and data was collected at 77 days of age. Left and right testes weights were measured. Histology of the left testes was also viewed. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in the weights of the left testes of the control group, 0.5%, 1.0% but weighed heavier at an inclusion level of 1.5%. The study indicated that there were no adverse effects on the male reproductive organ and thus fertility would not be compromised if the Moringa oleifera seed meal is used in diets.
WELFARE OF CATTLE AT LOCAL MARKETS IN KADUNA STATE: HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION AS A MAJOR CONCERN
Authors: NDAZO S. M. , JOSEPH O. A.
Published: December 2024

The aimed of the study was to evaluate the welfare of cattle at local markets in Kaduna State, based on means of transportation by road, loading and unloading methods, abusive behaviours by stakeholders and stress-related behaviours of the animals. Ten different villages within Kaduna State were visited twice each during their market days. During the visits, a total of 700 cattle were observed and the methods by which the animals were handled, their means of transportation and behavioural responses were assessed, and, in addition, photographs were obtained. The cattle were transported mostly in buses (60%) and cars (55%), followed by pick-ups (35%) and trucks (20%). There were no loading or unloading ramps in all the markets visited. The most common abusive behaviour was beating of cattle with stick or club (80%), closely followed by horn/neck pulling (60%) and neck twisting (50%). The most common stress-related behaviour of the cattle was aggression (70%), followed by panting and repeated vocalisation (40% each). In conclusion, cattle transported for sale at various local markets in Kaduna State were abused, handled poorly and inhumanely, and transported by means not specifically meant for animal transportation. The compromise of the welfare of the cattle may adversely affect their health, productivity and meat quality.
Histopathological Studies on the Effects of the Bovine Blood-Rumen Content Mixture on Selected Organs of Growing Rabbits
Authors: MOHAMMED G. , RAJI A. O. , ASHEIKH L. G. , ADAMU S. B. , IGBEBUIKE J. U.
Published: December 2024

A ten-week study was carried out with forty-five (45) rabbits (Dutch x New Zealand white) to investigate the effect of bovine-blood rumen content mixture (BBRCM) on selected organs of growing rabbits. The five diets contained 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% BBRCM respectively. Three rabbits were slaughtered for histopathology from each group at the end of the study. The liver, kidneys and small intestine were used for the histopathological examination. The liver, kidneys and small intestine of rabbits receiving 0 and 10% levels of BBRCM were normal; the small intestine of rabbits fed with 20% BBRCM was also normal. The liver and kidneys of rabbits receiving 20 to 40% BBRCM and the small intestine at 30 to 40% BBRCM showed necrosis and degenerative changes. However, the effects were more severe at 40% BBRCM compared to other levels. Therefore, histopathological findings showed that BBRCM up to 20% level can be included into the diets of growing rabbits without detrimental effect to their health.
MACRO-MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF PANICUM (Panicum maximum) intercropped WITH CENTRO (Centroseina pascuorum) AND CLITORIA TERNATEA
Authors: Muraina T. O. , Alalade J. A. , Adebisi I. A. , Emiola C. B. , Oloko A. B. , Mustapha T. B. , Omisore K. O. , ADEAGA L. S. , Alabi A. B.
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted to determine the mineral compositions of Panicum maximum (unimproved) when planted solely or intercropped with Centrosema pascuorumor Clitoria ternatea. The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design and it include three treatments which are: Centrosema pascuorum-Panicum maximum (unimproved); Clitoria ternatea-Panicum maximum (unimproved); and Sole Panicum maximum (unimproved). The result revealed that the main effect of legume intercrop and age at harvest on the mineral compositions of Panicum maximum (Local) as were significantly (P<0.05) different. Sole Panicum (SP) had highest contents of Calcium (Ca; 2.98g/kg), Potassium (K; 7.38 g/kg) and Magnesium (Mg: 6.76 g/kg) without legume influence while the intercrop of Panicum maximum with Centrosema pascuorum (PCP) had highest Phosphorus (P: 2.92 g/kg) due to the effect of legume species. At 4 weeks after planting (4 WAP), K (7.80%) and P (3.30 g/kg) were higher while Ca (3.07 g/kg) and Mg (6.34 g/kg) were higher at 8 WAP. The interactive effect of legume intercrop and age at harvest on the mineral compositions of Panicum maximum (Local) were significantly (P<0.05) different. At 4 WAP, the intercrop of Panicum maximum with Clitoria ternatea (PCT) had highest Ca (2.78 g/kg), K (8.58 g/kg) and Mg (6.95 g/kg) contents while PCP had highest P (3.73 g/kg) at the same age at harvest (4 WAP). However, Ca (3.27 g/kg) and Mg (6.85 g/kg) of SP were higher than other interactions at 8 WAP. Though sole Panicum was the richest of all the treatments, but the result revealed that the unimproved P. maximum was rich in investigated minerals irrespective of the treatments. The concentrations are within the requirements of the ruminants. In addition, the mineral concentrations of this study didn't reduce with age or stage of maturity of the plant.Hence, harvesting at 8 weeks after planting is hereby recommended without further supplementation of minerals.
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF PEARL MILLET SILAGE FORTIFIED WITH GRADED LEVELS OF LABLAB FORAGE
Authors: AHMAD M. Y. , ABDURRAHMAN S. L. , MUHAMMAD I. R.
Published: December 2024

A study was conducted with the field grown Pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides Burm.f) and lablab (Lablab purpereus (L.) Sweet) to examine the effects of lablab addition in enhancement of silage quality from pearl millet. The forages were harvested separately, chopped to 2cm length and mixed as follows: (0:100, 20:80, 40:60 and 60:40 % of lablab: millet, respectively) and designated as PM, PMLB20, PMLB40 and PMLB60 respectively. The treatments were ensiled in a laboratory silos in three replicate. The resultant silages were adequately fermented with favorable aroma and colour and moderately acidic. The treatments were found to be similar in DM contents (p>0.05). Incorporation of lablab forage led to an increase in CP (10.93 to 13.75%), ash (7.50 to 10.22%), DCP (5.12 to 5.90%), EE (1.00 to 2.25 %) and ME (9.51 to 10.24%) with corresponding decline in CF (28.37 to 24.01%) and OM (90.31 to 83.05%). The trial showed that legume inclusion enhanced the nutritional quality of pearl millet silages
EFFECT OF INCLUSION OF HAULM OF DIFFERENT GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea) VARIETIES ON INTAKE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND NITROGEN BALANCE IN YANKASA RAMS
Authors: ADAMU H. Y. , DUNG D. D. , LAMIDI O. S. , ABDU S. B. , HASSAN M. R. , KABIR M. , LAWAL A.
Published: December 2024

The work was carried out to study the intake. nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in Yankasa rams fed haulms of different groundnut varieties in concentrate diets. Nine Yankasa rams average weight 13.40kg +2 were randomly assigned into three groups with three rams per group in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets consist of Digitaria smutsii hay as a basal diet which was fed ad libitum and concentrates which were supplemented with 10% of groundnut haulm of SAMNUT22 and Local Variety were offered at the rate of 1% of body weight per head daily. The results of the trial showed that animals fed 10% SAMNUT 22haulm had highest (p<0.05) DM, intake. Apparent digestibility of all nutrients was high (p<0.05) in animals fed 10% SAMNUT 22 inclusion and had the best digestibility of all nutrients. It can be concluded from the trial that SAMNUT 22 can be included in the diets of Yankasa rams up to 10% without adverse effect on intake, digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance.
CONSTRAINTS OF CAMEL (Camelus dromedarius) PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ghude M. I , Adamu S. H. , Inuwa NUWA M. S.
Published: December 2024

Camel (Camelus dromedarius) production stands as one of the major livestock kept by sedentary farmers in the study area. The study was designed to assess the major constraints of camel production in Northern Katsina state. Four local government areas; Baure, Dutsi, Mai'adua and Mashi were purposively selected. Two hundred structured questionnaires were used. From the results, all of them were males. Majority (44.50%) were within the age range of 41 50 years. Majority (80.00%) attended Qur'anic schools and only (3.00%) obtained secondary leaving certificates. Free range/extensive system of management are the major practice as indicated by the majority (94.50%) of the respondents. Extension services was very poor as indicated by the majority (94.00% ). However, majority (66.00%) uses ethno-veterinary medicine (EVM) as a source of medication while (30.50%) uses veterinary drugs and only (3.5%) uses other alternatives. Physical outlook were the only means of pricing. Majority (38.00%) sold their camels to meet-up the household demands. All of them indicated that camel production is a profitable practice. Despite all the constraints, majority (41.00%) uses camel for farming activities, most (30.50%) engaged camels in transportation and only (18.50%) sold their camels live.
RESPOND OF POULTRY BROILER CHICKS TO LOW DIETARY ENERGY LEVELS
Authors: UMAR A. M. , ABDULLAHI H. I.
Published: December 2024

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of low dietary energy on growth performance of poultry broiler chicks. Two hundred and seventy day old Amok broiler chicks were weighed and randomly allotted to three dietary treatments containing 2 400 ME Kcal/Kg, 2 600 ME Kcal/Kg and 2 800 ME Kcal/Kg designated as A, B and C. Each treatment, containing ninety birds was replicated three times with thirty birds per replicate. The experiment was laid in a completely Randomized designed. The differences between the results of the performance were tested for Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the General Linear Model Univariate Procedure of SPSS 16.0 and significant differences of means were compared using Least Significant Difference (LSD). Results showed that feed in take showed statistical difference (p<0.05) between the three treatments. Birds fed least energy level (2 400 ME Kcal/Kg) showed highest final live weight (738.64g/b) and body weight gain (772.66g/b). There were no significant difference (p<0.05) in final live weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The study recommended that low energy diets should be formulated for poultry starter so as to minimize the accumulation of cholesterol in between the muscle fibres and on visceral organs which can consequently affects the physiological and metabolic functions of the birds, organoleptic characteristics, marketability of the products and health status of the consumer.
EFFECT OF WILD GUINEA FOWL HATCHABLE EGG SOURCES ON EGG EXTERNAL CHARACTERISTICS, FERTILITY, EMBRYO CHARACTERISTICS, MORTALITY AND HATCHABILITY
Authors: IDOWU O. P. A. , SOGUNLE O. M. , ADEYEMI O. A. , BAMGBOSE A. M. , OGUNSOLA O. D. , IDOWU O. M. O.
Published: December 2024

A total of 600 hatchable eggs (300 each) from Northern Nigeria (Birnin Kebbi) and Saki in Southern Nigeria were used to investigate effect of wild guinea fowl hatchable egg sources on egg external characteristics, fertility, embryo characteristics, mortality and hatchability.Results showed that incubated eggs sourced from Birnin Kebbi had higher dead in shell (17%), infertile eggs (7%) and keets hatched (68%) compared to ones from Saki, while hatchable eggs from Saki had higher dead in germ (28%) and weak in shell (4%) embryos compared to values obtained in Birnin Kebbi eggs. It was concluded that egg length and egg shape index (ESI) were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the egg source while the meteorological elements and enviroment of the egg source constitute a complex system, which influenced fertility, embryo characteristics, mortality and hatchability of wild guinea fowl hatchable eggs.
MANAGEMENT, BLOOD AND REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF RABBITS REARED IN IMO STATE
Authors: IWUJI T. C. , NWAPI D. O. , OGBUEWU I. P. , KADURUMBA E. O. , EGENUKA F. C. , OKERE P. C.
Published: December 2024

The scarcity of rabbits for research studies instigated this study which lasted for 3 months; on the management, haematological, serum biochemical and reproductive parameters of rabbits reared in the 3 zones (Okigwe, Orlu and Owerri) of Imo State. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire, on-the-farm assessment and sample (blood and semen) collection from the rabbits. The hutch/cage type of housing is the most prevalent in Imo State, constituting 73.58 %. Most rabbit farmers in Imo State (45.28 %) combine concentrate and forage in rabbit feeding, while 47.17% of the rabbit house/environment was fairly clean, 30.19 % were dirty and 22.64 % were clean. Rabbits reared in Imo State, with ages ranging from 5-8 months recorded average live weight of 1.91 kg, while annual average kindling and litter size of rabbit does reared in Imo State were 5.67 and 7.43, respectively; with average litter survival rate of 60.16 % between parturition and weaning. Haematological analysis of the adult rabbits reared in Imo State recorded 27.80 %, 9.56 g/dl and 3.40 x 106/ml in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count, respectively, which were lower than normal reference values (PCV = 30-50%; Hb 10-15 g/dl; RBC = 3.6- 7.5 x 106/ml). Total serum protein, globulin and urea values were lower than normal reference values (TP 5-7 g/dl; globulin 2.5-4 g/dl; urea 20-45 mg/dl), recording 4.44 g/dl, 1.57 g/dl and 16.56 mg/dl, respectively. Semen parameters obtained from adult rabbit bucks reared in Imo State were found to be inferior to semen parameters of adult rabbit bucks reared in similar geographical locations and environment, but under standard management practices. This study is therefore necessary for the assessment and development of improved rabbit production strategies in Imo State.