bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor Mutation Burden Survey of AACR GENIE Database Revealed NTRK (NTRK+) and RET (RET+) Fusions Positive Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) as Distinct Subsets
Authors: Arter Zhaohui Liao , Lee Alexandria T. M. , Nagasaka Misako , Ou Sai‐Hong Ignatius
Published: February 2025

Background

Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of NTRK fusion (NTRK+) and RET fusion (RET+) positive solid tumors in a tumor‐agnostic manner. However, the objective response rate was the lowest among entrectinib‐treated NTRK+ colorectal cancer (CRC) (20%) and selpercatinib‐treated RET+ CRC (20%) among all NTRK+, and RET+ solid tumors, respectively.

Methods

We compared tumor mutation burden (TMB) in NTRK+/RET+ CRC with all other NTRK+ and RET+ solid tumors using the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) GENIE database (Version 13.0).

Results

We identified 14,812 unique CRC patients. Considering only samples with identified fusion partners, the mean TMB was 66.6 ± 15.8 (mt/MB) for NTRK+ CRC (N = 9) and 35 ± 11.5 for RET+ CRC (N = 4), which were significantly higher when compared to the mean number of 6.2 ± 5.4 of TMB for all other RTK+ CRC (N = 30, p < 0.05). Furthermore, NTRK+ CRC harbored significantly higher TMB than RET+ CRC (p = 0.003). In comparison, the mean TMB was 4.0 ± 1.9 for RET+ NSCLC (N = 65) and 2.6 ± 1.6 for RET+ Thyroid cancer (N = 52). Mean TMB for all other NTRK+ solid tumors was < 11 and significantly lower than the mean TMB of NTRK+ CRC. 1482 (10.0%) CRC patients had their MSI status reported. Three out of three NTRK+ CRC patients with known MSI status were all dMMR (100%). 0 out of 12 non‐NTRK/non‐RET RTK+ CRC patients were dMMR (0%).

Conclusions

NRTK+ and RET+ CRC possess significantly higher TMB than other RTK+ CRC or NTRK+/RET+ non‐CRC solid tumors. TMB testing should be routinely done in MSI‐H CRC, and TMB ≥ 35 mut/MB samples should be screened for NTRK and RET fusions as an enrichment strategy to provide additional treatment for NTRK+ and RET+ CRC patients.
Hydrogen Radical Detection in Mild Catalytic Reactions: Background C‐H Activation in Solvents
Authors: Rogers Hannah , Woodman Timothy J , Willock David , Folli Andrea , Freakley Simon
Published: February 2025

Platinum group metal (PGM) nanoparticle catalysts are commonly used in a wide variety of liquid‐phase hydrogenation reactions. Carbon‐supported palladium nanoparticles are used extensively in many industrially applied hydrogenation reactions across the pharmaceutical industry and increasingly in the hydrogenolysis of bio‐derived molecules. These reactions are often performed in solvents such as toluene or xylene which are considered inert towards mild hydrogenation conditions. Through a series of catalytic studies analysed using 1H/2H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopies, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we present evidence that hydrogen is being constantly exchanged into the solvent possibly via a radical mechanism at these mild conditions and suggest that these effects should be considered in the explanation of any model of catalytic hydrogenation reaction at metal surfaces.
Net Worth Optimization
Authors: Idzorek Thomas M. , Kaplan Paul D.
Published: February 2025

Recent work puts forth “net worth optimization” as an extension of asset‐only mean–variance optimization and liability‐relative optimization in which all of the components of an individual's holistic economic balance sheet are included in the optimization. This type of holistic, total portfolio optimization is constrained to include an untradable allocation to two entries in an individual economic balance sheet: the person's human capital and the person's nondiscretionary consumption liability, in which both are modeled as separate personalized combinations of asset classes (and perhaps individual stocks or bonds) based on the expected nature of their cash flow characteristics. In a series of controlled optimizations in which various parameters are varied, we study how changes in human capital modeling (riskiness) and balance sheet strength (funding status) influence the recommended asset allocation for an investor's financial capital asset allocation. Net worth optimization separates an investor's risk tolerance (attitude toward risk) from the investor's ability to take on risk (risk capacity), allowing risk tolerance to serve its original purpose.
The Synaptic Complexity of a High‐Integration Lobula Giant Neuron in Crabs
Authors: Barnatan Yair , Rind Claire , Scarano Florencia , Sztarker Julieta
Published: February 2025

Arthropods are diverse, abundant, successful animals that exploit all available ecological niches. They sense the environment, move, interact with prey/predators/conspecifics, learn, and so forth using small brains with five orders of magnitude less neurons than mammals. Hence, these brains need to be efficient in information processing. One distinct aspect is the presence of large, easily identifiable single neurons that act as functional units for information processing integrating a high volume of information from different sources to guide behavior. To understand the synaptic organization behind these high‐integration nodes research on suitable neurons is needed. The lobula giant neurons (LGs) found in the third optic neuropil, the lobula, of semiterrestrial crabs Neohelice granulata respond to moving stimuli, integrate information from both eyes, and show short‐ and long‐term plasticity. They are thought to be key elements in the visuomotor transformation guiding escape responses to approaching objects. One subgroup, the MLG1 (monostratified LG type 1), is composed of 16 elements that have very wide main branches and a regular arrangement in a deep layer of the lobula which allows their identification even in unstained preparations. Here, we describe the types and abundance of synaptic contacts involving MLG1 profiles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found an unexpected diversity of synaptic motifs and an apparent compartmentalization of the dendritic arbor in two domains where MLG1s act predominantly as presynaptic or postsynaptic, respectively. We propose that the variety of contact types found in the dendritic arbor of the MLG1s reflects the multiple circuits in which these cells are involved. Regarding the detection of approaching objects, the distinctive input contact motifs shared by lobula giant neurons in crabs and locusts suggest a similar organization of the collision‐detecting pathways in both species.
Optimization of Etching Time, Temperature of Metal Salts in Surface‐texturized Silicon Fabricated Through One‐Step Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Khairul Azri A.A , Wan Muhamad Hatta Sharifah Fatmadiana , Abdul Wahab Yasmin , Ker P.J. , Mekhilef S. , Islam M.A
Published: February 2025

This study delves into the Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) of p‐type monocrystalline silicon wafers, with a focus on tailoring surface morphology for heightened performance as thermal absorbers. Employing diverse metal catalysts—specifically, nickel nitrate hexahydrate and silver nitrate salts—the investigation systematically explores the impact of catalyst type, etching time and temperature on nanostructure formation. One of the objectives was to maintain the etching temperature to be as low as possible through the application of the metal catalysts. Achieving >2 of thermal energy absorbance in the UV‐Vis‐NIR range required immersing samples in a nickel nitrate salt solution at room temperature for 60 minutes. Characterization through UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroscopy revealed reflectance and absorbance spectra, with silver nitrate salt‐etched samples demonstrating exceptional performance, achieving the lowest reflectance values within the critical wavelength range of 300‐1800 nm. Notably, after 60 minutes of etching, silver nitrate salt‐etched samples produced reflectance values ranging from 0.19% to 3.45%. Optimized parameters for nickel nitrate salt‐etched samples were identified at 30 minutes of etching and 50°C, showcasing an average reflectance of 1.54%. The study concludes with recommendations for future research, advocating for the exploration of additional metal catalysts and investigation of combined catalysts.
Synchronous Hepatocellular and Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma With Predominant Ductal Plate Malformation Pattern. A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Szodorai Rita , Fülöp Emőke , Fülöp Andrei , Neagoe Radu Mircea , Gurzu Simona
Published: February 2025

Background

Synchronous occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is extremely rare.

Case

A 67‐year‐old male was admitted to the hospital with hemoperitoneum caused by a liver mass rupture and elevated serum liver enzymes. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid mass, with 38 mm in maximum diameter, located in the fifth/sixth segments of the liver, suggesting an HCC. Emergency surgery was performed and a second liver mass in the fourth segment was identified intraoperatively, with 20 mm in maximum diameter. Hepatic resection of the affected segments was performed with free resection margins. Histopathological examination revealed the synchronous occurrence of HCC and ICC with a predominant ductal plate malformation pattern. The patient is still alive at 41 months after its first surgery.

Conclusions

In patients with HCC, a proper intraoperative assessment is indicated, in addition to imaging investigations, to detect synchronous lesions that can change the therapeutic approach. This is the first case ever reported in the literature in which synchronous HCC and ICC with a predominant ductal plate malformation pattern were incidentally diagnosed in a patient with hemoperitoneum.
Intermolecular Interaction, Electronic Structure and Aromaticity of Possible Dimers of Cyclo[18]Carbon (C18)
Authors: Pan Chengli , Liu Zhirong
Published: February 2025

The optimized structures in the configuration space of cyclo[18]carbon (C18) dimers, most of which haven't been studied in detail or even discovered yet, were explored here, and their electronic structure, aromaticity and intermolecular interaction between monomers were thoroughly investigated based on quantum chemistry and various electronic wavefunction analyses. For the dimers bound by weak interaction, their dimerization interactions are contributed mainly by dispersion and less significantly by electrostatic attraction. For those bound by covalent bonds, the symmetry of their geometric structures and hence the degeneracy of out‐of‐plane and in‐plane
orbitals (
and
) are broken after dimerization. Also predicted are the interesting phenomena including their aromaticity or anti‐aromaticity, as well as the spin polarization of their singlet ground states as a result of the distortion of their carbon rings.
Light Enhanced Water Dissociation in Bipolar Membranes
Authors: Giesbrecht Patrick K , Margeson Matthew J. , Dasog Mita , Freund Michael
Published: February 2025

Bipolar membrane (BPM) integration can allow robust and abundant materials to be implemented into energy conversion frameworks and purification pathways vital for the development of clean technologies. However, large membrane voltages associated with water dissociation (WD) have hampered widespread adoption. This work investigates an alternative method to reduce the overvoltage associated with WD operation by illuminating the BPM interface in the presence of nanoparticulate catalyst layers that exhibit plasmonic character. The plasmonic character of the catalyst enhanced the field locally near the active catalyst site, lowering the resistance associated with WD as well as the onset potential for WD. Optimal catalyst loadings allowed a balance of light absorption, catalyst activity, and field utilization. Composites of known WD catalysts that exhibited minimal light activity with a plasmonic and WD active material exhibited improvements in the WD resistance and overvoltage of up to 20% upon irradiation. This proof‐of‐concept work introduces a new paradigm for altering WD activity in BPMs, where the optical activity of WD catalysts can provide further tunability towards efficient WD and alternative energy conversion frameworks.
Genome‐wide association study for traits related to cold tolerance and recovery during seedling stage in rice
Authors: Rastogi Khushboo , Mankar Sumeet P. , Septiningsih Endang M.
Published: February 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), due to its tropical and subtropical origin, is adversely affected by low temperatures below 15°C, restricting growth and yield. During the seedling and vegetative stage, cold stress causes curled leaves, fewer tillers, retarded growth, chlorosis, and necrosis. Due to the significance of this trait, exploring the wealth of genetic resources from a wider pool of germplasm to identify new sources of tolerance will be a crucial step. Toward this goal, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on a novel diversity panel of 238 rice accessions using the 7K SNP Cornell‐IR LD Rice (C7AIR) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The experiment was conducted in controlled growth conditions, and rice accessions were evaluated for seven traits and four indices, which were recorded at three different time points, that is, before cold treatment, after cold treatment, and post‐recovery phase. A total of 77 significant GWAS‐quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for 21 cold tolerance and related traits of interest. Out of these, 34 were detected after cold stress, and 43 were detected during the post‐recovery phase. A total of 42 QTL regions were significant at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.001 and −log10(p‐values) > 5. In addition, 31 novel GWAS‐QTLs, three colocalized GWAS‐QTL hotspots, and eight colocalized GWAS‐QTLs for two traits sharing the same genomic location were also identified. The results of this study may help in further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance as well as aid in developing climate‐smart rice varieties for chilling stress conditions.
A Novel Hexagonal Switched Capacitor Unit (HSCU) Design With Seven‐Level Multilevel Inverter Topology
Authors: Karakılıç Murat
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a new switched capacitor (SC) unit is proposed, which provides a solution for the multiple DC voltage requirement of multi‐level inverters (MLIs). The proposed hexagonal switched capacitor unit (HSCU) contains SCs that have self‐balancing ability and do not require any additional circuits. HSCU provides three voltage boosts using only one DC voltage source with four power switches, two capacitors, and two discrete diodes. A comparison with related topologies in the literature indicates that the proposed topology requires considerably fewer power devices than others. To suppress impulsive charging currents in the capacitors, a soft charging cell (SCC) is utilized. Experimental results demonstrate that the SCC effectively suppresses current peaks, contributing to improved circuit performance. In addition, the proposed 7L SC‐MLI has successfully passed the simulation and experimental realization tests with nearest level control (NLC) modulation techniques and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) modulation techniques. Response to dynamic changes in frequency, modulation index (MI) and load have been verified through tests. Power loss analysis was performed in PLECS software, and the efficiency was found to be 96.45%.
Factors associated with delayed bleeding following ampullectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pawlak Katarzyna M. , Khalaf Kareem , Gupta Sunil , Tham Daniel , Chon Joseph , Mokhtar Ahmed H. , Na Caleb , Mahjoob Maryam , Di Fonzo David M.P. , Mosko Jeffrey D. , Teshima Christopher W. , May Gary R. , Calo Natalia Causada
Published: February 2025

Introduction and objectives

Endoscopic ampullectomy is the preferred treatment for selected periampullary lesions, yet up to 10.6% of patients may experience delayed bleeding post‐procedure. This study aims to identify predictors for bleeding, which remain poorly understood.

Methods

This was a single‐center retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent endoscopic ampullectomy (EA) between January 2011 and September 2023. The primary outcome was the risk factors for delayed bleeding, defined as post‐procedural bleeding that necessitated either an emergency department visit, hospital admission, blood transfusion, or re‐intervention. Secondary outcomes included adverse events, such as perforation and pancreatitis.

Results

A total of 113 patients underwent EA, and 25 (22.1%) experienced delayed bleeding. Of these, 20 (80%) required repeat endoscopy, six (24%) needed blood transfusions, and three (12%) were managed conservatively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified international normalized ratio ≥1.2 (odds ratio [OR] 3.32, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.03–10.74, p = 0.05), presence of high‐grade dysplasia or intramucosal cancer (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.20–11.81, p = 0.03), female sex (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.11–8.93, p = 0.03), size of lesion (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08, p = 0.03) and procedure duration (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99, p = 0.04) as independent predictors of delayed bleeding.

Conclusion

Several factors, including features of high‐grade dysplasia‐intramucosal cancer, international normalized ratio ≥1.2, female sex, lesion size, and procedure duration are associated with delayed post‐ampullectomy bleeding. These factors should be taken into consideration when strategizing the reduction of post‐ampullectomy bleeding.
A case of intramural esophageal dissection caused by vomiting during barium esophagography
Authors: Ogiso Takuya , Ikegami Shuji , Matsuba Tomohiko , Takeuchi Yusuke , Takayanagi Masahiro
Published: February 2025

Intramural esophageal dissection is a rare disease characterized by a laceration of the submucosal layer in the esophageal wall due to mechanical damage or esophageal pressure, resulting in the separation of the mucosal layer from the muscularis layer. This report presents a case of intramural esophageal dissection induced by vomiting during barium esophagography in a 70‐year‐old man undergoing evaluation for esophageal cancer. Preoperative assessments included endoscopic biopsies and the placement of a marking clip, followed by barium esophagography. During the procedure, the patient experienced vomiting and subsequent neck‐chest pain. Computed tomography revealed a barium‐filled dissection cavity within the esophagus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy identified submucosal dissection proximal to esophageal cancer, exposing the muscularis layer and the entry site was at the same level as the biopsy site. The patient was treated conservatively with fasting, leading to symptom resolution. Follow‐up endoscopic evaluations confirmed that the entry site remained open but epithelialized, and the esophageal wound had healed.
Feasibility of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy using a novel long balloon catheter
Authors: Takano Yuichi , Tamai Naoki , Yamawaki Masataka , Noda Jun , Azami Tetsushi , Niiya Fumitaka , Maruoka Naotaka , Yamagami Tatsuya , Nagahama Masatsugu
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Recently, a novel long balloon catheter for tract dilation in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS) was developed. The balloon measures 6 cm in length, which enables one‐step tract dilation of the gastric wall, liver parenchyma, and bile duct wall, contributing to shorter procedure times and reduced bile leakage. This study investigated the feasibility of EUS‐HGS with this new balloon catheter.

Methods

This retrospective study included consecutive cases in which EUS‐HGS was performed using a novel long balloon catheter (3 mm in diameter) for malignant distal biliary obstructions between February 2024 and October 2024. The patients' clinical background and procedural details were retrospectively examined using medical records. The primary outcome was technical success, defined as successful stent placement without additional dilation using devices other than the new balloon catheter. The secondary outcomes were clinical success and adverse events.

Results

This study included 10 patients. The median age was 82.5 years, and there were seven males and three females. The median procedure time was 20 min. Technical success was achieved in 90% and clinical success was achieved in 100%. Regarding adverse events, one patient developed moderate cholecystitis, and percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage was performed. No bile leakage, peritonitis, bleeding, or perforation was observed.

Conclusion

The new long balloon catheter is an excellent device that can reliably dilate the whole tract with a single inflation. EUS‐HGS using a novel long balloon catheter is a feasible treatment option.
Microbes in reconstructive restoration: Divergence in constructed and natural tree island soil fungi affects tree growth
Authors: Kiesewetter Kasey N. , Rawstern Amanda H. , Cline Eric , Ortiz Gina R. , Santamaria Fabiola , Coronado‐Molina Carlos , Sklar Fred H. , Afkhami Michelle E.
Published: February 2025

As ecosystems face unprecedented change and habitat loss, pursuing comprehensive and resilient habitat restoration will be integral to protecting and maintaining natural areas and the services they provide. Microbiomes offer an important avenue for improving restoration efforts as they are integral to ecosystem health and functioning. Despite microbiomes' importance, unresolved knowledge gaps hinder their inclusion in restoration efforts. Here, we address two critical gaps in understanding microbial roles in restoration—fungal microbiomes' importance in “reconstructive” restoration efforts and how management and restoration decisions interactively impact fungal communities and their cascading effects on trees. We combined field surveys, microbiome sequencing, and greenhouse experiments to determine how reconstructing an iconic landscape feature—tree islands—in the highly imperiled Everglades impacts fungal microbiomes and fungal effects on native tree species compared with their natural counterparts under different proposed hydrological management regimes. Constructed islands used in this research were built from peat soil and limestone collected from deep sloughs and levees nearby the restoration sites in 2003, providing 18 years for microbiome assembly on constructed islands. We found that while fungal microbiomes from natural and constructed tree islands exhibited similar diversity and richness, they differed significantly in community composition. These compositional differences arose mainly from changes to which fungal taxa were present on the islands rather than changes in relative abundances. Surprisingly, ~50% of fungal hub taxa (putative keystone fungi) from natural islands were missing on constructed islands, suggesting that differences in community composition of constructed island could be important for microbiome stability and function. The differences in fungal composition between natural and constructed islands had important consequences for tree growth. Specifically, these compositional differences interacted with hydrological regime (treatments simulating management strategies) to affect woody growth across the four tree species in our experiment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that reconstructing a landscape feature without consideration of microbiomes can result in diverging fungal communities that are likely to interact with management decisions leading to meaningful consequences for foundational primary producers. Our results recommend cooperation between restoration practitioners and ecologists to evaluate opportunities for active management and restoration of microbiomes during future reconstructive restoration.
Multicomponent Reactions Mediated by Supramolecular Containers
Authors: Zhou Xiaojuan , Ma Xin‐Chao , Hong Zhiyang , Zhang Jing‐Yi , Wang Rui
Published: February 2025

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have drawn great attention due to their various significant advantages including highly efficient, environment‐friendly, and atom‐economic. Developing more efficient and selective MCRs is of great significance to construct chemical libraries of potential functional compounds. On the other hand, supramolecular containers have been successfully applied as novel nanoreactors to mediate diverse organic transformations, and MCRs are included. In this review, examples of supramolecular container mediated MCRs have been summarized. The supramolecular containers include β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD), calix[4]arene, self‐assembled Ga(III)‐ligand tetrahedral coordination cage ([Ga4L6]12−), and decanuclear 3d–4f lanthanide metal‐organic cage ([Zn2Yb8(L)8Cl2]2+). The MCRs cover Hantzsch, Biginelli, aza‐Darzens, Strecker, and other three‐component reactions. Effects of the supramolecular containers have been illustrated and prospects for the future are also provided.
Optimized Design of YOLOv5s Algorithm for Printed Circuit Board Surface Defect Detection
Authors: Lin Kaisi , Zhang Lu
Published: February 2025

To address the challenge of detecting surface defects on printed circuit board (PCB), this paper proposes an improved method based on YOLOv5s. To enhance the detection of small target defects, the Coordinate Attention mechanism is integrated into the three Convolutional layers module of YOLOv5s, and the Normalized Gaussian Weighted Distance loss is introduced to replace the Complete Intersection over Union loss. To achieve a lightweight model with parameters reduced and to enhance detection speed for real‐time applications and terminal deployment, the convolutional layers in the Neck module of YOLOv5s are replaced with Grouped Shuffled Convolution layers. Evaluated on two benchmark data sets, the PCB_DATASET and DeepPCB data sets, the improved model achieves 97.0% and 99.1% in Map@0.5 and achieves 163 and 167 in Frames Per Second, respectively. In addition, the model parameters are reduced to 6.6 million, meeting the demands of small target detection in real‐time applications.
Propagation of Smouldering in Wood Dust Deposits Ignited by Embedded Hot Bodies
Authors: Li Chang , Zhang Jinglin , Zhao Haoran , Yuan Chunmiao , Du Zhenguo , Dong Zheren , Amyotte Paul , Zhao Zenghui , Li Ronghua , Liang Weitong , Xie Zhiqun
Published: February 2025

Combustible dust poses a hazard to industry in two ways, i.e., reactive as a cloud or reactive as a pile. This paper deals with the smouldering behaviour of wood dust deposits initiated by hot bodies. Effects of embedded depth and airflow condition are investigated. Two sizes of wood dust are selected as test samples, namely wood powder and wood chip. The results indicate that under the same hot bodies embedded depth, wood chip combustion propagates faster than wood powder in general due to its unique flocculent structure. Due to the increased insulation effect of the wood dust layer, the temperature at the same measuring point is higher than that of the wood chip layer. In addition, under airflow conditions, the smouldering propagation of wood deposits is significantly higher than that without airflow (2.42 and 4.34 m/s) for both wood powder and wood chip samples. However, the deposited wood powder has a lower minimum ignition temperature than wood chip. Accumulated wood dust in considered to have a greater fire risk in powder form.
A Novel ACVR2A::RAF1 Fusion in Spindle Cell Sarcoma
Authors: Jiang Anfeng , Li Huan , Li Dongbing , Chen Huafei , Zhao Lina , Zhang Ying , Li Yangyang , Rong Rong , Li Bin , Xiao Sheng
Published: February 2025

Background

Kinase‐rearranged spindle cell sarcomas are characterized by unique molecular features. The advent of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the detection of a multitude of kinase fusions, thereby contributing to the accurate categorization of these tumors.

Case Presentation

A 37‐year‐old woman experienced the fourth recurrence of a cranial base tumor 25 years following the initial surgery and radiation therapy. Histological analysis disclosed spindle‐shaped and oval tumor cells, along with a high number of mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry showed a null immunophenotype, negative for pan‐TRK, S‐100, CD34, pan‐CK, GFAP, and Olig2. Molecular analysis of the tumor tissue identified a novel ACVR2A::RAF1 fusion, comprising the first four exons of ACVR2A and the last nine exons of RAF1. The resulting fusion protein retains the extracellular and transmembrane domains of ACVR2A, while its kinase domain is replaced by the kinase domain of RAF1. This hybrid protein likely contributes to tumorigenesis by activating RAF1 signaling in response to ACVR2A ligands from the TGF‐β superfamily.

Treatment and Outcome

The patient was treated with the MEK1 inhibitor Trametinib, 2 mg per time and once a day. One month later, MRI showed significant tumor shrinkage and pain relief.

Conclusion

The ACVR2A::RAF1 fusion represents a novel genomic profile in RAF1‐rearranged spindle cell sarcoma, offering a rational basis for targeted therapy. This case highlights the importance of molecular diagnostics in identifying actionable targets and guiding treatment, potentially leading to significant clinical benefits.
Sun Safety Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes in the West of Iranian Farmers in 2024: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Bidarpoor Farzam , Farazandeh Halimeh , Ghaderi Payman , Ebrahimi Kamal , Mahmoodi Hassan
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Due to the high risk of skin cancer from sun exposure in farmers, understanding their awareness of preventive behaviors is critical. Therefore, this study aimed to determine awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding skin cancer prevention among Iranian farmers.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted using a valid questionnaire with 336 farmers randomly selected from villages in Kurdistan Province, Iran. To be eligible for the study, participants had to be 18 years of age or older and currently working on a farm in the study region.

Results

The mean age years of participants was 49.31 ± SD = 12.23. The mean ± SD of attitude and performance scores were 11.50 ± 3.78 (min = 2, max = 20) and 9.05 ± 2.48 (min = 0, max = 15), respectively. The findings indicate that while 90.2% of participants are aware of the risks of prolonged sun exposure, misconceptions remain. Only 46.4% recognize UV dangers on cloudy days, and 63.4% understand sunscreen use is needed beyond sunny conditions. Awareness of specific risks like skin cancer (42.6%) and sunburn (27.4%) is moderate, while knowledge of cataracts (6.8%) and premature skin aging (9.2%) is low. Barriers to sunscreen use persist, with only 22.3% deeming it important and 40.8% finding it convenient. The risk of developing skin cancer was underestimated in 131 (39.0%) participants.

Conclusion

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding skin cancer prevention among farmers in Iran are low. There is a need for culturally appropriate educational messages and intervention programs to increase awareness, improve attitudes, and promote preventive behaviors among farmers.
Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Artificial Runoff Generation on Typical Slopes in Farmland of North China
Authors: Luan Qinghua , Zhang Changhao , Tong Jian , Wu Sushu , Pang Tingting , Wang Lishu
Published: February 2025

Runoff generation and concentration are essential processes of the hydrological cycle. Understanding runoff generation mechanisms is crucial for improving the accuracy of hydrological forecasting and regional water resource assessment. This research aims to explore runoff generation mechanisms of farmlands in the North China Plain through analysing the impact of farmland vegetation on runoff generation in typical slopes. Seven experimental scenarios were designed based on various land uses under an artificial rainfall intensity of 60 mm/h, using two soil tanks with slopes of 2° and 4°, respectively. The regional climates, cropping structures and management practices were considered for the scenario design. The experiments were conducted at the experimental plot of artificial rainfall runoff on the Linmingguan campus of Hebei University of Engineering, located in Hebei Province, China, from October 2019 to June 2021. The results indicated that the surface runoff rate varied significantly, while the interflow rate remained relatively stable. The surface runoff accounted for 64%–89.36% of the total runoff volume, and the proportion increased with the increase of slope gradient. The start time of surface runoff (TRs) was delayed by 7.5 min, and runoff volume (VRs) decreased by 42%–50% as winter wheat grew from seedling to maturity. In contrast, the start time of interflow (TRi) occurred 3.5 min earlier, and runoff volume (VRi) increased by 54%–55%. TRs advanced, and both VRs and peak flow increased with the slope increasing under the same vegetation type; however, the results of interflow showed the opposite trend. The runoff volume increased and start time of runoff advanced in the bare land, probably benefiting from the impact of the crop rotation system on soil characteristics in North China. The findings of this research provide an insight into understanding runoff mechanisms in North China, reducing the uncertainty between model parameters and watershed characteristics and offering beneficial references for research and practice in related fields.
Meta‐Analysing the Factor Structure and Reliability of Measurement Instruments: An R‐Based Tutorial
Authors: Escaffi‐Schwarz Maximiliano , Gempp René , Irmer Julien P.
Published: February 2025

Meta‐analytical techniques are crucial to synthetize available evidence and advance research and practice. However, meta‐analyses are typically concerned with the strength of an effect and less so with the measurement quality of the scales underlying that effect. This is a problem because measurement quality is crucial for appropriate statistical inferences in studies using multi‐item scales. Using 12 samples of the Dirty Dozen questionnaire to assess the dark triad personality, we illustrate (and provide the R scripts for) two methods to meta‐analytically assess the factor structure of a scale depending on the data that is available. Further, we provide R scripts for several other methods that we do not discuss in this article in depth. We also illustrate the Reliability Generalization method to meta‐analytically assess the reliability of a scale. Strengths and limitations of the different methods are discussed, together with some consideration that researchers must take into account to implement and interpret all methods here. We hope to contribute to the international community of psychologist by equipping researchers with tools that they can use to investigate the measurement quality of different scales, which should enhance the replicability, generalizability and the comparability of research findings.
Cross‐tissue multi‐omics analyses reveal the gut microbiota's absence impacts organ morphology, immune homeostasis, bile acid and lipid metabolism
Authors: Shen Juan , Liang Weiming , Zhao Ruizhen , Chen Yang , Liu Yanmin , Cheng Wei , Chai Tailiang , Zhang Yin , Chen Silian , Liu Jiazhe , Chen Xueting , Deng Yusheng , Zhang Zhao , Huang Yufen , Yang Huanjie , Pang Li , Qiu Qinwei , Deng Haohao , Pan Shanshan , Wang Linying , Ye Jingjing , Luo Wen , Jiang Xuanting , Huang Xiao , Li Wanshun , Leung Elaine Lai‐Han , Zhang Lu , Huang Li , Yang Zhimin , Chen Rouxi , Mei Junpu , Yue Zhen , Wei Hong , Karsten Kristiansen , Han Lijuan , Fang Xiaodong
Published: February 2025

The gut microbiota influences host immunity and metabolism, and changes in its composition and function have been implicated in several non‐communicable diseases. Here, comparing germ‐free (GF) and specific pathogen‐free (SPF) mice using spatial transcriptomics, single‐cell RNA sequencing, and targeted bile acid metabolomics across multiple organs, we systematically assessed how the gut microbiota's absence affected organ morphology, immune homeostasis, bile acid, and lipid metabolism. Through integrated analysis, we detect marked aberration in B, myeloid, and T/natural killer cells, altered mucosal zonation and nutrient uptake, and significant shifts in bile acid profiles in feces, liver, and circulation, with the alternate synthesis pathway predominant in GF mice and pronounced changes in bile acid enterohepatic circulation. Particularly, autophagy‐driven lipid droplet breakdown in ileum epithelium and the liver's zinc finger and BTB domain‐containing protein (ZBTB20)‐Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (ZBTB20‐LPL) axis are key to plasma lipid homeostasis in GF mice. Our results unveil the complexity of microbiota–host interactions in the crosstalk between commensal gut bacteria and the host.
Psychologists' Diagnostic Accuracy and Treatment Recommendations for Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Weinberg Leah , Martin Luci A. , Post Kristina M. , Ricketts Emily J.
Published: February 2025

Obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating condition prevalent in up to 2.3% of the population, yet obsessive‐compulsive symptoms are commonly misidentified by mental health professionals, adversely impacting treatment recommendations. This study examined OCD misidentification rates across two different types of obsessions, the influence of misidentification on treatment recommendation, and attitudes associated with clinicians' decisions surrounding the diagnosis of OCD and treatment recommendations in a sample of 110 licensed psychologists. Results showed that over one‐third (35.0%) of participants incorrectly diagnosed two vignettes, representing symptoms of sexual orientation OCD (SO‐OCD) and symmetry. Of those who correctly diagnosed the vignettes, about half of participants (symmetry = 55.4%; SO‐OCD = 47.1%) recommended exposure and response prevention (ERP) as the primary treatment choice. Participants who endorsed greater client empowerment were more likely to misdiagnose the SO‐OCD vignette (t(108) = 2.97, p = 0.004). Less experience with evidence‐based practice and negative attitudes toward evidence‐based practice were associated with the choice of treatment other than ERP (t(71) = −2.98, p = 0.004 and t(72) = 3.40, p < 0.001, respectively). Elevated OCD misdiagnosis and its adverse impact on treatment recommendations, as well as knowledge of factors contributing to misdiagnosis and mistreatment, imply the need for greater education and training.
Exploring engagement narratives among self‐identified Hispanic women's experiences in engineering counterspaces
Authors: Polmear Madeline , Volpe Elizabeth , Villanueva Alarcón Idalis , Simmons Denise R.
Published: February 2025

Background

Diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts in higher education are increasingly recognizing the importance of understanding students' lived experience. More research is needed to deeply and contextually uncover voices, meanings, and stories that are enveloped within the complex realities of Hispanic women in engineering.

Purpose

While the Latiné/x/a/o, Hispanic women population is one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States, they receive only 3% of engineering undergraduate degrees. This research explored how self‐identified Hispanic women experienced engagement outside of class.

Design/Method

This exploratory qualitative research employed narrative inquiry design using a paradigmatic analysis method. We conducted two in‐depth interviews with five undergraduate engineering students who self‐identified as international Hispanic women.

Findings

By examining the narratives through a novel synthesis of a socio‐ecological framework of engagement and community cultural wealth, we identified three themes that tell the story of students' experiences outside of class: (i) Perceived benefits and level of involvement informed student dispositions and aspirational capital in counterspaces; (ii) Linguistic capital served as the entry point for receiving social and navigational capital; and (iii) Cultural and linguistic similarities provide a counterspace where students gained the drive, disposition, and aspiration to persist in engineering.

Conclusions

The findings identified the capital that drove students to engage outside of the classroom and capital they gained in return. Out‐of‐class activities provided a counterspace for Hispanic women in engineering that supported their sense of belonging, ability to navigate engineering, and professional development. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for engineering education and research.
The impact of extra‐pancreatic infections on outcomes of acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang XueMin , Zhu Ping , Zhang YanFei , Dai ShanShan
Published: February 2025

Background

The impact of extrapancreatic infections (EPI) on outcomes of acute pancreatitis has received limited attention in the literature. We compiled data from published studies to present high‐quality evidence on the prognostic role of EPI on acute pancreatitis.

Methods

This PRISMA‐compliant and PROSPERO registered review (CRD42024516872) searched Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed for comparative studies between EPI and no‐EPI. Outcomes assessed were mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, necrosis, organ failure, persistent organ failure, and length of hospital stay (LOS).

Results

Seven studies were included in the review. The meta‐analysis found that patients with EPI had a significantly higher risk of mortality as compared to the no‐EPI group (OR: 3.85 95% CI: 2.79, 5.31). The risk of ICU admission (OR: 12.24 95% CI: 3.56, 42.10), necrosis (OR: 3.50 95% CI: 1.37, 8.89) organ failure (OR: 6.03 95% CI: 3.75, 9.70) and persistent organ failure (OR: 6.72 95% CI: 3.58, 12.62) was significantly increased in the EPI group compared to the non‐EPI group. The meta‐analysis also found significantly longer LOS in the EPI group (MD: 11.92 95% CI: 4.75, 19.08).

Conclusion

EPI is associated with a worse prognosis in acute pancreatitis. EPI was associated with an increased risk of mortality, ICU admission, organ failure, and prolonged LOS. Limited number of studies and baseline confounding are drawbacks of current evidence which need to be rectified by future studies.
High preoperative Glasgow prognostic score increases a risk of hospital mortality in elderly patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kokumai Takashi , Aoki Shuichi , Nakagawa Kei , Iseki Masahiro , Sato Hideaki , Miura Takayuki , Maeda Shimpei , Ishida Masaharu , Mizuma Masamichi , Unno Michiaki
Published: February 2025

Background

Hemihepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection is considered the only curative treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of the study was to clarify the survival benefits in this invasive surgical procedure for elderly patients.

Methods

A total of 290 patients who underwent surgical resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in our department from 2000 to 2020 were categorized into the E group (62 patients aged ≥75 years) and NE group (228 patients aged <74 years).

Results

The E group exhibited decreased pathological lymph node metastasis (p = .001) and had a shorter operative time (p = .021) and fewer cases of combined vascular resection (p = .002). We found no significant differences in postoperative mortality; however, disease‐specific survival was significantly better in the E group (3‐year survival: 75.6 vs. 60.3%, p = .031). After propensity score matching, overall survival and disease‐specific survival did not differ between the two groups; nevertheless, the hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in the E group (11.5 vs. 1.6%, p = .020). In the E group, a high preoperative Glasgow prognostic score was the only factor associated with hospital mortality (odds ratio, 7.35; p = .026) and indicated worse prognosis.

Conclusions

A high preoperative Glasgow prognostic score was associated with hospital mortality and poor prognosis in elderly patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.
Integrating enterprise risk management to address AI‐related risks in healthcare: Strategies for effective risk mitigation and implementation
Authors: Di Palma Gianmarco , Scendoni Roberto , Tambone Vittoradolfo , Alloni Rossana , De Micco Francesco
Published: February 2025

The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care offers revolutionary enhancements in patient diagnostics, clinical processes, and overall access to services. Nevertheless, this technological transition brings forth various new, intricate risks that pose challenges to current safety and ethical norms. This research explores the ability of enterprise risk management as an all‐encompassing framework to tackle these arising risks, providing both a forward‐looking and responsive strategy designed for the health care industry. At the core of this method are instruments that together seek to proactively uncover and address AI‐related weaknesses like algorithmic bias, system failures, and data privacy issues. On the reactive side, it incorporates incident reporting systems and root cause analysis, tools that enable health care providers to quickly address unexpected events and consistently improve AI implementation procedures. However, some application difficulties still exist. The unclear, “black box” characteristics of numerous AI models hinder transparency and responsibility, prompting inquiries about the clarity of AI‐generated choices and their adherence to ethical benchmarks in patient treatment. The research highlights that with the progress of AI technologies, the enterprise risk management framework also needs to evolve, addressing these new complexities while promoting a culture focused on safety in health care settings.
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Could Reduce Lung Damage Caused by H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Guo Chun Yan , Wang Yi , Feng Qing , Sun Li Jun , Feng Yang Meng , Dong Yi Han , Xu Cui Xiang
Published: February 2025

Influenza A virus infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and to date, viral pneumonia has been the main cause of ARDS. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise for treating lung injury caused by avian influenza virus infection. At present, studies of the use of other stem cell types to treat human influenza virus‐mediated lung damage are sparse. We assessed the use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC‐MSCs) to treat damage from serious H1N1 influenza virus infections in cell and animal‐based experiments. Maximum viral titers, inflammatory factor expression levels, differential expression of alveolar cell‐related proteins, animal weight and survival rate, lung histopathology, and other indicators were evaluated. Compared with the control group, in cellular experiments, UC‐MSCs could effectively inhibit H1N1 influenza viral replication and repair damaged host cells. In animal experiments, UC‐MSCs reduced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, reduced entry of inflammatory cells into the lungs, alleviated lung inflammation, significantly reduced the extent of lung injury in mice, and improved lung histopathology, improving overall survival. A positive role of umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in treating lung injury caused by H1N1 influenza virus infection that is worthy of clinical promotion has been demonstrated.