bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction motor bearing fault classification using deep neural network with particle swarm optimization‐extreme gradient boosting
Authors: Lee Chun‐Yao , Maceren Edu Daryl C.
Published: January 2024

Intelligent motor fault diagnosis in industrial applications requires identifying key characteristics to differentiate various fault types effectively. Solely relying on statistical features cannot guarantee high classification accuracy, while complex feature extraction techniques can pose challenges for industry practitioners. Conversely, advanced feature extraction may not ensure that the model effectively learns these features for classification. A feature fusion approach that combines statistical and deep learning features to address these challenges is proposed. Since statistical features form the foundation for general feature extraction, statistical and deep learning features are combined using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The PSO algorithm automates parameter tuning for XGBoost. A deep neural network (DNN) adaptively extracts hidden features, improving bearing fault classification precision using t‐SNE representation. Results successfully prove the DNN's ability to classify diverse motor faults using deep learning features. Thus, integrating statistical features with XGBoost further enhances DNN's performance. To ensure robustness, the proposed method has been compared with different motor fault classification methods and validated across different motor fault datasets, showcasing improved classification accuracy and robust performance, even amidst varying noise levels. This approach represents a promising advancement in intelligent fault diagnosis within industrial contexts.
Politiques de soutien à la parentalité en France
Authors: Sitruk Patricia
Published: January 2024

Au sein des politiques publiques françaises, celle concernant le soutien à la parentalité est officiellement née en 1998 lors de la Conférence de la famille. Sa création a été motivée par des facteurs tels que l’inquiétude croissante quant aux compétences parentales, les besoins exprimés par les familles en difficulté et la responsabilité perçue de la puissance publique face aux évolutions sociétales. Depuis, elle s’est développée en s’appuyant sur l’accompagnement des parents dans leur rôle éducatif, s’attachant à répondre à l’évolution des structures familiales, de moins en moins traditionnelles et plus diversifiées. Néanmoins, sa mise en place a suscité des questionnements : doit-elle être universelle ou ciblée ? Quel équilibre trouver entre la place des parents et celle de l’enfant ? Des débats politiques ont également émergé concernant les risques de contrôle social ou de dérive vers des préoccupations de prévention de la délinquance.

Les dispositifs de soutien à la parentalité sont variés, allant des lieux d’accueil enfants-parents aux services d’information et d’orientation. Depuis 2021, cette politique cherche à s’affirmer davantage en se dotant d’une Charte nationale et d’un programme prioritaire axé sur les 1 000 premiers jours de l’enfant.

L’intérêt économique de cette politique est de plus en plus souligné, des économistes mettant en avant les bénéfices à investir dans le soutien à la parentalité sur le long terme. Cette politique reste en évolution, composée de dispositifs diversifiés et parfois complexes, mais témoigne d’une vitalité dans sa mise en œuvre et de sa place désormais ancrée au sein des politiques publiques.
L’enfant qui pleure
Authors: Colignon Martine
Published: January 2024

La beauté peut être un rempart contre l’anxiété. Se détacher de ce dernier est une expérience risquée qui confronte un sujet à une exploration des couches les plus sombres de son corps et de sa psyché. La création ouvre un paysage intérieur que le sujet peut à nouveau regarder et explorer tout en ayant l’illusion de suivre un chemin qui peut être dévié sans danger. L’image, dans laquelle s’invitent des formes, peut alors être du côté de la vie et parfois fournir un refuge dans lequel se blottir, lorsque le risque semble trop grand.
Klagelieder
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: January 2024

Klagelieder sind wohl so alt wie die Menschheit – und das nicht ohne Grund:
Not und Leid, von Menschen verschuldetes und unverschuldetes Unheil, das
über Einzelne, Familien, Städte und auch ganze
Bevölkerungsgruppen und Völker hereinbricht, bieten reichlich
Anlass. Konkrete Ausformungen sind Krankheit und Tod, die Kluft zwischen arm und
reich, soziale Zurückweisung und Ausgrenzung, Unterdrückung und
Ungerechtigkeit, Seuchen, Unruhen, Kriege. Ausdruck findet die
diesbezügliche Menschheitsklage in den Klage- und Trauerliedern, Lamentos
und Nänien aller Zeiten, von den biblischen Jeremiaden bis zum Blues der
Neuzeit.
Transparenz und Effizienz durch digitale Gesundheitsversorgung?
Ergebnisse eines Surveys der Generation Y
Authors: Kreyenschulte Thea , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund Generation Y stellt eine besondere Zielgruppe in der
Gesundheitsversorgung dar. Jung, gesund und digital sozialisiert durch
Technologien im Alltag, weist sie spezifische Bedarfe auf. Im Rahmen
gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen wie dem demographischen Wandel und der
Fachkräftesicherung, sollte eine Berücksichtigung dieser
Bedarfe, insbesondere zur Gesunderhaltung, das Ziel von Public Health sowie
spezifischen Akteuren wie Krankenversicherungen und Arbeitgebern sein.

Ziel der Arbeit Die Untersuchung sollte die Erkenntnisse aus zwei
vorausgegangenen Arbeitsphasen, speziell einer qualitativen Erhebung,
prüfen und vertiefen. So sollten zwei Forschungsfragen beantwortet
werden: I: Welche Bedeutung haben Transparenz und Effizienz für die
Nutzung digitaler Gesundheitsinnovationen durch die Generation Y? und II:
Welchen Einfluss haben neben den Bedarfen darüber hinaus
soziodemographische und technikassoziierte Faktoren auf die Nutzung digitaler
Gesundheitsinnovationen durch die Generation Y?

Material und Methoden Als Abschluss eines sequenziellen Verfahrens wurden
in einer quantitativen Online-Befragung Einschätzungen zu transparenz-
und effizienzassoziierten Bedürfnissen im Rahmen der Nutzung digitaler
Gesundheitsinnovationen von Personen der Generation Y erhoben. 355
vollständig ausgefüllte Datensätze wurden mithilfe der
Software SPSS ausgewertet. Anhand einer ordinalen Regressionsanalyse wurden
Einflüsse von Prädiktoren aus sechs vorab formulierten
Hypothesen geprüft.

Ergebnisse Die Untersuchung konnte Einflüsse der Konstrukte
Transparenz und Effizienz auf die Nutzung von Apps und Smart-Devices
beschreiben. Das Bedürfnis nach Kontrollempfinden zeigte eine
signifikant negative, Bedürfnisse nach Strukturierung und nahtloser
Integration in den Alltag signifikant positive Wirkung. Das Geschlecht und die
Technikbereitschaft nahmen ebenfalls Einfluss. Der Datenauswertung zufolge
scheint für Generation Y Effizienz und somit ein konkreter Alltagsnutzen
durch digitale Gesundheitsinnovationen relevanter zu sein, als eine autonome
Handlungsbefähigung und somit Transparenz.

Schlussfolgerung Indem die beschriebenen Bedürfnisse sowie
entsprechende Präferenzen berücksichtigt würden,
könnte die Zielgruppe angesprochen und die Nutzung potenziell gesteigert
werden. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, ebenso wie die
Organisation dieser, sollten sich niedrigschwellig in den Alltag einblenden
lassen sowie der Alltag positiv ergänzt und effizient
unterstützt werden.
Adventures in CH-Arylation Chemistry
Authors: Langer Peter
Published: January 2024

The present article provides a personalized account on CH-arylation reactions employed for the synthesis of heterocycles. The presence of a nitro group allowed for direct and regioselective CH-arylations of pyrazoles, imidazoles, indoles and a variety of purine analogues. Direct CH-arylations without the presence of an activating nitro-group were employed for inter- and intramolecular reactions of purine derivatives, which allowed for the synthesis of a great variety of polycyclic systems. Domino C–N coupling / hydroamination / CH-activation reactions of diarylacetylenes with anilines allowed for the synthesis of polycondensated N-heterocycles. Products include indolo- and azaindolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines, quinolino[3′,4′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines, pyrimido[5′,4′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines, and benzothieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines. The reaction of N-heterocycles, such as indoles, with 1,1-difluoroalkenes resulted in a twofold addition-elimination reaction to give 1,1-diaminoalkenes, which were transformed by CH-arylation into various polycondensated heterocycles, such as indoloisoquinolines, thienoindolizines, oxepines and helicenes. Pyridofluoranthenes, diindenopyrene and azadiindenopyrenes were prepared by a combination of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with acid-mediated cycloisomerizations and Pd-catalyzed intramolecular CH-arylations. Bis(carbazoles), benzodithiazoles, benzodithiophenes and 2,5-diarylpyrroles were prepared by inter- and intramolecular CH-arylation reactions.
Financial Toxicity in Breast Reconstruction: The Role of the Surgeon-Patient Cost-of-Care Discussion
Authors: Baglien Brigit D. , Ganesh Kumar Nishant , Berlin Nicholas L. , Hawley Sarah T. , Jagsi Reshma , Momoh Adeyiza O.
Published: January 2024

The financial burden of breast cancer treatment and reconstruction is a significant concern for patients. Patient desire for preoperative cost-of-care counseling while navigating the reconstructive process remains unknown. A cross-sectional survey of women from the Love Research Army was conducted. An electronic survey was distributed to women over 18 years of age and at least 1 year after postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Descriptive statistics and multivariable modeling were used to determine desire for and occurrence of cost-of-care discussions, and factors associated with preference for such discussions. Secondary outcomes included the association of financial toxicity with desire for cost discussions. Among 839 women who responded, 620 women (74.1%) did not speak to their plastic surgeon and 480 (57.4%) did not speak to a staff member regarding costs of breast reconstruction. Of the 550 women who reported it would have been helpful to discuss costs, 315 (57.3%) were not engaged in a financial conversation initiated by a health care provider. A greater proportion of women who reported financial toxicity, compared to those who did not, would have preferred to discuss costs with their plastic surgeon (65.2% vs. 43.5%, p < 0.001) or a staff member (75.5% vs. 59.3%, p < 0.001). Among women with financial toxicity, those who had some form of insurance (private, Medicaid, Medicare, “other”) were significantly more likely to prefer a cost-of-care discussion (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, p = 0.05, p = 0.01). Financial discussions about the potential costs of breast reconstruction seldom occurred in this national cohort. Given the reported preference and unmet need for financial discussions by a majority of women, better cost transparency and communication is needed.
Management of Neuropathic Pain with Neurectomy Combined with Dermal Sensory Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (DS-RPNI)
Authors: Hespe Geoffrey E. , Brown David L.
Published: January 2024

Neuropathic pain affects a large percentage of the U.S. population and leads to tremendous morbidity. Numerous nonsurgical and surgical treatments have been utilized to try and manage neuropathic pain with varying degrees of success. Recent research investigating ways to improve prosthetic control have identified new mechanisms for preventing neuromas in both motor and sensory nerves with free muscle and dermal grafts, respectively. These procedures have been used to treat chronic neuropathic pain in nonamputees, as well, in order to reduce failure rates found with traditional neurectomy procedures. Herein, we focus our attention on Dermal Sensory-Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces (DS-RPNI, free dermal grafts) which can be used to physiologically “cap” sensory nerves following neurectomy and have been shown to significantly decrease neuropathic pain.
Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface Surgery for the Management of Chronic Posttraumatic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Lee Jennifer C. , Kemp Stephen W.P. , Kung Theodore A.
Published: January 2024

Chronic pain resulting from peripheral nerve injury remains a common issue in the United States and affects 7 to 10% of the population. Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) surgery is an innovative surgical procedure designed to treat posttraumatic neuropathic pain, particularly when a symptomatic neuroma is present on clinical exam. RPNI surgery involves implantation of a transected peripheral nerve into an autologous free muscle graft to provide denervated targets to regenerating axons. RPNI surgery has been found in animal and human studies to be highly effective in addressing postamputation pain. While most studies have reported its uses in the amputation patient population for the treatment of neuroma and phantom limb pain, RPNI surgery has recently been used to address refractory headache, postmastectomy pain, and painful donor sites from the harvest of neurotized flaps. This review summarizes the current understanding of RPNI surgery for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
Nonadherence of Polyurethane Implants: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Batiukov Dmitry , Podgaiski Vladimir
Published: January 2024

Background Biointegration of polyurethane (PU) implants providing their stable position years after surgery ensures predictable results of breast augmentation and reconstruction almost eliminating implant factor as a cause of complications. However, in rare cases PU implants appear to be not connected to the surrounding tissues. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of PU implant nonadherence after primary breast augmentations and augmentation mastopexies with dual plane implant position, to analyze possible causes, and to propose preventive measures and treatment possibilities of this complication.

Methods The results of primary aesthetic surgeries in 333 patients with dual plane PU implant placement were analyzed. Patients were evaluated clinically, and pictures and videos taken in different periods after the surgery were compared. Particular attention was given to the changes in implant position and the appearance of asymmetries over time.

Results PU implant nonadherence was found in seven patients. It can be divided into primary and secondary and may be complete or partial. Primary nonadherence was found in two cases (0.6%), and secondary in five (1.5%) cases. Possible influencing factors could have been traumatic surgical technique, seroma, hematoma, or physical trauma. The average follow-up was 33 months (1 month–15 years).

Conclusion Biointegration is mandatory for the long-term predictable results with PU implants. PU implant nonadherence leads to implant malposition and may cause typical complications connected to non-PU implants. Improvements in surgical maneuvers, manufacturing process, and weight reduction of the implant may be beneficial for the stability of the results.

Level of Evidence V
Toward ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Garratt Douglas , Matthews Mary , Marangos Jon
Published: January 2024

Novel ultrafast x-ray sources based on high harmonic generation and at x-ray free electron lasers are opening up new opportunities to resolve complex ultrafast processes in condensed phase systems with exceptional temporal resolution and atomic site specificity. In this perspective, we present techniques for resolving charge localization, transfer, and separation processes in organic semiconductors and organic photovoltaic devices with time-resolved soft x-ray spectroscopy. We review recent results in ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of these systems and discuss routes to overcome the technical challenges in performing time-resolved x-ray experiments on photosensitive materials with poor thermal conductivity and low pump intensity thresholds for nonlinear effects.
Slot waveguide enhanced asymmetric photonic crystal nanofiber cavity for fiber-coupled single photons
Authors: Sahu Subrat , Nayak Kali P. , Mangipudi Kodanda R. , Jha Rajan
Published: January 2024

We report a slot waveguide-enhanced asymmetric photonic crystal optical nanofiber (ONF) cavity to realize cavity quantum electrodynamics. We show that the device can strongly enhance the spontaneous emission of a single quantum emitter leading to a Purcell factor as high as 106 and enables single-photon coupling efficiency as high as 86% into fiber-guided modes. The introduction of the slot enhances the Purcell factor by six times as compared to the ONF cavity structure without slot, and the asymmetric cavity design enables unidirectional coupling of single photons. The cavity is designed to minimize the losses leading to a scattering-limited Q-factor and one-pass loss estimated to be 6388 and 1.2%, respectively. This fiber-coupled single-photon device may open advanced possibilities and applications for quantum information processing.
Investigation of optical bistability in spheroidal core–shell nanocomposites with passive and active dielectric cores
Authors: Hirpha Tolasa Tamasgen , Bergaga Garoma Dhaba , Ali Belayneh Mesfin , Gebre Sisay Shewamare
Published: January 2024

We investigated how induced optical bistability (IOB) and bistability domain (BD) of spheroidal core–shell nanocomposites (NCs) are affected by the depolarization factor (L), metal fraction (p), and host matrix (ɛh). The NCs are composed of passive and active dielectric cores coated with a metallic shell and embedded in various host matrices. By employing Laplace’s equation and the Drude–Lorentz model, we calculated the electric field enhancement in various regions of the NCs and studied their IOB theoretically and numerically. The BD of the same NCs is investigated using the root analysis approach. The study reveals that when the value of L decreases, the bistable region of OB increases. However, when p increases at constant L and ɛh, the bistable region gets wider. When the value of ɛh increases, the IOB region is achieved at larger values of incident field. Moreover, the IOB produced was narrower in the passive dielectric core than in the active one, showing that the type of core material also influences the IOB of the core–shell NCs. When the value of L changes, the region of BD also changes in both types of cores. Similarly, changing the value of p in both types of cores causes the BD to vanish or emerge. Moreover, varying ɛh, BD is produced in the OB regions. Overall, the IOB and BD in each core are sensitive to changes in L, p, and ɛh. Varying these parameters leads to the possibility of tuning the bistable regions, which can be used in optical circuits, logic operations, and optical memory.
Recording media configurations for double-layered bit-patterned magnetic recording
Authors: Buajong Chaiwat , Warisarn Chanon
Published: January 2024

The current magnetic recording technology is approaching its recording density limit. Recently, concepts focused on vertically stacking multiple recording media have gained momentum, driven by the potential to significantly expand recording density. The key challenge for such a system involves methods capable of efficiently separating data originating from the upper and lower layers within a single readback signal. To address this challenge, we first propose two distinct configurations of recording media in bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) system with double recording layers. In both configurations, the centers of islands on the lower layer are positioned at the gaps between magnetic islands on the upper layer. This achieves the separation of the individual layer signals since the centers of islands in both layers are deliberately misaligned. Moreover, the equalizer design that takes the input data from both layers into consideration is also proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that when employing the same detector, the proposed configurations of the double-layered BPMR systems achieve better performance than the single-layered BPMR system.
Soft magnetic properties of Fe-Ni powder cores in the high frequency range
Authors: Nguyen Mai Phuong , Yoshida Shigeyoshi , Okamoto Satoshi , Muroga Sho , Miyazaki Takamichi , Endo Yasushi
Published: January 2024

Fe-Ni cores are excellent candidates for switching regulator inductors, transformers, reactors and in-line noise filters. Herein the influence of the phenol binder content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe-50 wt% Ni powder cores in the high frequency range is investigated. Regardless of the binder content, all cores form a disordered A1 phase. The saturation magnetization (4πMs) and initial permeability increase as the binder content decreases. The core with a binder content of 0.5 wt% shows a relatively high 4πMs of 1.38 T and the highest permeability value of 70.9. Moreover, the total core loss (Pcv) with frequency ranges from 5 kHz to 1 MHz under a magnetic flux density of 10 mT depending on the binder content. A binder content of 3.0 wt% significantly reduces Pcv in the high frequency range above 100 kHz. At a frequency of 500 kHz, the Pcv values are 154.9, 128.7, and 133.8 kW/m3 for the cores with binder contents of 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%, respectively, but the value drastically decreases to 60.5 kW/m3 for a binder content of 3.0 wt%. Thus, the binder, which acts as an insulator layer between particles, affects the eddy current and consequently, Pcv. These results demonstrate that Fe-Ni powder cores exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties at various frequencies and suggest that a binder content of 3.0 wt% may realize optimal properties for future high frequency applications.
Influence of scanning strategy on magnetic properties of 630 stainless steel fabricated by directed energy deposition method
Authors: Kinoshita K. , Sakamoto M. , Imatani S.
Published: January 2024

We investigated how the scanning strategy (SS) influences the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic metal specimens additively manufactured using 630 stainless steel powder and a directed energy deposition machine. The magnetization curves were measured by using B and H coils and a magnetic flux meter. The specific saturation magnetization, coercivity, and specific magnetic susceptibility were calculated from the magnetization curves obtained. Moreover, the martensite fraction, magnetization structure, and martensite structure were measured and visualized using X-ray diffraction, the Bitter method, and electron backscatter diffraction, respectively. The magnetic properties and martensite fraction depended on the SS, and magnetic poles were generated in each sub-block structure. Furthermore, a numerical analysis using a magnetic micromechanics model indicated that the variation in the martensite structure due to the SS produced differences in the magnetic properties.
Superradiant Thomson scattering from graphite in the extreme ultraviolet
Authors: Fasolato Claudia , Stellino Elena , Principi Emiliano , Mincigrucci Riccardo , Pelli-Cresi Jacopo Stefano , Foglia Laura , Postorino Paolo , Sacchetti Francesco , Petrillo Caterina
Published: January 2024

We study the Thomson scattering from highly oriented pyrolitic graphite excited by the extreme ultraviolet, coherent pulses of FERMI free electron laser (FEL). An apparent nonlinear behavior is observed and fully described in terms of the coherent nature of both exciting FEL beam and scattered radiation, producing an intensity-dependent enhancement of the Thomson scattering cross-section. The process resembles Dicke’s superradiant phenomenon and is thus interpreted as the observation of superradiant Thomson scattering. The process also triggers the creation of coherent, low-
q
(

<

0.3 Å

−
1

), low energy phonons. The experimental data and analysis provide quantitative information on the sample characteristics, absorption, scattering factor, and coherent phonon energies and populations and open the route for the investigation of the deep nature of complex materials.
Efficient mapping of the thalamocortical monosynaptic connectivity in vivo by tangential insertions of high-density electrodes in the cortex
Authors: Sibille Jérémie , Gehr Carolin , Kremkow Jens
Published: January 2024

The thalamus provides the principal input to the cortex and therefore understanding the mechanisms underlying cortical integration of sensory inputs requires to characterize the thalamocortical connectivity in behaving animals. Here, we propose tangential insertions of high-density electrodes into mouse cortical layer 4 as a method to capture the activity of thalamocortical axons simultaneously with their synaptically connected cortical neurons. This technique can reliably monitor multiple parallel thalamic synaptic inputs to cortical neurons, providing an efficient approach to map thalamocortical connectivity in both awake and anesthetized mice.
Remarks on the syntax of bare nouns in Papiamentu
Authors: López Luis , Laanen Rodi , Pouw Charlotte , Parafita Couto M. Carmen
Published: January 2024

This article presents an argument that bare (singular) nouns in Papiamentu include additional silent functional
structure, as proposed in Kester and Schmitt (2007). The argument is based on
Dutch-Papiamentu code-switched noun phrases and exploits the crucial datum that a Dutch bare noun is grammatical when inserted in
a Papiamentu sentence, although bare nouns are ungrammatical in a Dutch unilingual sentence. We propose that this datum can be
accounted for if the Dutch bare noun is the complement of a silent Papiamentu category, D or Num. The locus of cross-linguistic
variation that yields the (un)acceptability of bare nouns is a property in D or Num.
Mechanism of exportin retention in the cell nucleus
Authors: Kapinos Larisa E. , Kalita Joanna , Kassianidou Elena , Rencurel Chantal , Lim Roderick Y. H.
Published: January 2024

Exportin receptors are concentrated in the nucleus to transport essential cargoes out of it. A mislocalization of exportins to the cytoplasm is linked to disease. Hence, it is important to understand how their containment within the nucleus is regulated. Here, we have studied the nuclear efflux of exportin2 (cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein or CAS) that delivers karyopherinα (Kapα or importinα), the cargo adaptor for karyopherinβ1 (Kapβ1 or importinβ1), to the cytoplasm in a Ran guanosine triphosphate (RanGTP)-mediated manner. We show that the N-terminus of CAS attenuates the interaction of RanGTPase activating protein 1 (RanGAP1) with RanGTP to slow GTP hydrolysis, which suppresses CAS nuclear exit at nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Strikingly, a single phosphomimetic mutation (T18D) at the CAS N-terminus is sufficient to abolish its nuclear retention and coincides with metastatic cellular behavior. Furthermore, downregulating Kapβ1 disrupts CAS nuclear retention, which highlights the balance between their respective functions that is essential for maintaining the Kapα transport cycle. Therefore, NPCs play a functional role in selectively partitioning exportins in the cell nucleus.
Photo-excited separated tuning for the frequency and magnitude of dual-band absorption in the terahertz regime
Authors: Wang Shiyang , Zhu Wenchang , Jiang Huan , Dong Huafeng , Zhao Weiren
Published: January 2024

Introducing tuning materials into metasurfaces is a crucial development trend for dynamic nanodevices. In this paper, we achieve the separate tuning for the frequency and magnitude of dual-band absorption in a photo-excited metasurface in the terahertz regime. By tuning the conductivity of the embedded photo-excited silicon, the two absorption peaks shift by 0.33 THz and switch to zero from near unity, respectively. In contrast, the absorption spectrum of x-polarized waves shows insensitivity to the variation of silicon conductivity. The LC equivalent circuit model is used to demonstrate the resonance frequencies of absorption peaks, which agree well with simulation results. This photo-excited Si based metasurface has wide potential applications in dynamic terahertz devices, such as modulators and frequency selectors.
Triple-band and polarization-insensitive rectifying metasurface with flexible substrate
Authors: Gui Haihao , Xie Haipeng , Deng Lianwen , Huang Shengxiang , Qiu Lei-Lei
Published: January 2024

A flexible triple-band and polarization-insensitive rectifying metasurface (RMS) is presented in this article. The surface consists of three parts: a periodic metal unit with integrated diodes, a DC filter composed of series inductor and parallel capacitor, and a load resistor. Due to the direct integration of rectifying diodes and interconnected branches within and between the units, complex matching networks can be eliminated and the overall structure is simplified. A 6 × 6 array is fabricated and measured. The results show that at a low input power of 0 dBm, the RMS has efficiency of 51.81%, 44.25%, and 42.01% at 2.9 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.77 GHz, respectively. The efficiency remains consistent under different polarization angles, demonstrating the polarization insensitivity property of RMS. Additionally, the flexible substrate enables high efficiency in the S-band and Wi-Fi bands even under a certain range of bending, revealing its superior flexibility and adaptability. Therefore, it is well suited for ambient energy harvesting and wireless self-powered miniaturized internet of things devices.
Neutrino oscillations as a single Feynman diagram
Authors: Kovalenko S , Šimkovic F
Published: January 2024

We propose an approach to neutrino oscillations in vacuum, based on quantum field theory (QFT). The neutrino emission and detection are identified with the charged-current vertices of a single second-order Feynman diagram for the underlying process, enclosing neutrino propagation between these two points. The key point of the presented approach is the definition of the space-time setup typical for neutrino oscillation experiments, implying macroscopically large but finite volumes of the source and detector separated by a sufficiently large distance L. We derive an L-dependent master formula for the charged lepton production rate, which provides the QFT basis for the analysis of neutrino oscillations. This formula depends on the underlying process and is not reducible to the conventional approach resorting to the concept of neutrino oscillation probability, which originates from non-relativistic quantum mechanics. We demonstrate that for some particular choice of the underlying process the derived master formula approximately coincides with the conventional one under some assumptions. In support to presented approach we show that it provides the QFT framework not only for neutrino–neutrino but also neutrino-antineutrino oscillations. It is also argued that the proposed formalism allows us to consistently incorporate medium effects, when neutrinos oscillate in dense matter.
Resonant x-ray diffraction measurements in charge ordered kagome superconductors KV3Sb5 and RbV3Sb5
Authors: Scagnoli Valerio , Riddiford Lauren J , Huang Shih Wen , Shi You-Guo , Tu Zhijun , Lei Hechang , Bombardi Alessandro , Nisbet Gareth , Guguchia Zurab
Published: January 2024

We report on (resonant) x-ray diffraction experiments on the normal state properties of kagome-lattice superconductors KV3Sb5 and RbV3Sb5. We have confirmed previous reports indicating that the charge density wave (CDW) phase is characterized by a doubling of the unit cell in all three crystallographic directions. By monitoring the temperature dependence of Bragg peaks associated with the CDW phase, we ascertained that it develops gradually over several degrees, as opposed to CsV3Sb5, where the CDW peak intensity saturates promptly just below the CDW transition temperature. Analysis of symmetry modes indicates that this behavior arises due to lattice distortions linked to the formation of CDWs. These distortions occur abruptly in CsV3Sb5, while they progress more gradually in RbV3Sb5 and KV3Sb5. In contrast, the amplitude of the mode leading to the crystallographic symmetry breaking from

P
6

/

m
m
m

to Fmmm appears to develop more gradually in CsV3Sb5 as well. Diffraction measurements close to the V K edge and the Sb L1 edge show no sensitivity to inversion- or time-symmetry breaking, which are claimed to be associated with the onset of the CDW phase. The azimuthal angle dependence of the resonant diffraction intensity observed at the Sb L1 edge is associated with the difference in the population of unoccupied states and the anisotropy of the electron density of certain Sb ions.
Propagation of uncertainty for an epipole-dependent model for convergent stereovision structure computation
Authors: Ezebili Ifeanyi F , Schreve Kristiaan
Published: January 2024

An analytic model incorporating stereo epipoles is proposed for structure computation using a convergent stereovision setup. The developed model is predicated on the image parameters of both CCD camera sensors, together with two extrinsic parameters, namely the stereo baseline distance and the stereo projection angle of the scene point of interest. In the model, the points on the image planes are measured relative to the principal points, stereo epipoles are featured, and only focal length-normalized camera sensor coordinates are required for structure computation. The reconstruction model could be employed in active vision-based metrology in which the stereo imaging cameras are systematically rotated about their vertical axes relative to each other. The performance of the model is studied, and its accuracy tested by comparing the 3-space coordinates it predicted to the those obtained by a gold standard triangulation and to the ground truth results. In terms of execution speed the proposed reconstruction model exhibited a computation time of 0.6 ms compared to 6.2 ms and 9.9 ms recorded for the direct linear transformation and gold standard triangulation algorithms respectively. The coordinate measurement uncertainties determined by experimental methods are subsequently compared with those obtained by a theoretical approach based on the analytic reconstruction model. Strong correlations were found to exist between the two sets of uncertainty values obtained.
A visual measurement method of grinding surface roughness based on aliasing region index and neural network
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Yang Zhechen , Qiu Zhehang , Chen Biao , Fu Yuanyuan , Zhan Jianming
Published: January 2024

Most existing vision-based roughness measurements primarily rely on statistical information from grayscale images or intensity information from color images. However, the structural information of images has not been fully and effectively utilized. To more accurately measure the roughness of grinding surfaces, a visual measurement method of grinding surface roughness based on aliasing region index and neural network is proposed. Firstly, color images of grinding surface are obtained under red and green illumination. Secondly, aliasing regions of red and green images are extracted through fuzzy clustering segmentation and morphological processing. Then the aliasing width and the aliasing dispersion of aliasing region can be calculated as indices for roughness measurement. Thirdly, the relationship model between aliasing region index and grinding surface roughness is constructed using the back propagation (BP) neural network. The results demonstrate that the aliasing dispersion index has a better correlation with grinding surface roughness than the aliasing width index. The method based on the aliasing dispersion index and BP neural network is feasible and accurate for grinding surface roughness measurement.
Domain adaptation with domain specific information and feature disentanglement for bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Xie Shaozhang , Xia Peng , Zhang Hanqi
Published: January 2024

Collecting bearing fault signals from several rotating machines or under varied operating conditions often results in data distribution offset. Furthermore, the newly obtained data is typically unlabelled. When intricate confounding aspects of data distribution across several domains are present, achieving desired outcomes through straightforward transfer learning techniques becomes challenging. This research presents a new framework, the domain-specific invariant adversarial network, which combines the principles of domain-invariant representation learning and feature de-entanglement to solve the challenge at hand. This framework uses domain-specific information as an auxiliary training tool and employs the data generation process to transfer labelled source domain data to the target domain. The aim of this approach is to uncover potential information components and improve the model’s ability to acknowledge patterns. The study showcases the method’s strong diagnostic capability by conducting experimental analysis on four fault datasets.
Toward quantitative intrafractional monitoring in paraspinal SBRT using a proprietary software application: clinical implementation and patient results
Authors: Fan Qiyong , Pham Hai , Li Xiang , Zhang Pengpeng , Zhang Lei , Fu Yabo , Huang Bohong , Li Cindy , Cuaron John , Cerviño Laura , Moran Jean M. , Li Tianfang
Published: January 2024

Objective. We report on paraspinal motion and the clinical implementation of our proprietary software that leverages Varian’s intrafraction motion review (IMR) capability for quantitative tracking of the spine during paraspinal SBRT. The work is based on our prior development and analysis on phantoms. Approach. To address complexities in patient anatomy, digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR’s) that highlight only the spine or hardware were constructed as tracking reference. Moreover, a high-pass filter and first-pass coarse search were implemented to enhance registration accuracy and stability. For evaluation, 84 paraspinal SBRT patients with sites spanning across the entire vertebral column were enrolled with prescriptions ranging from 24 to 40 Gy in one to five fractions. Treatments were planned and delivered with 9 IMRT beams roughly equally distributed posteriorly. IMR was triggered every 200 or 500 MU for each beam. During treatment, the software grabbed the IMR image, registered it with the corresponding DRR, and displayed the motion result in near real-time on auto-pilot mode. Four independent experts completed offline manual registrations as ground truth for tracking accuracy evaluation. Main results. Our software detected ≥1.5 mm and ≥2 mm motions among 17.1% and 6.6% of 1371 patient images, respectively, in either lateral or longitudinal direction. In the validation set of 637 patient images, 91.9% of the tracking errors compared to manual registration fell within ±0.5 mm in either direction. Given a motion threshold of 2 mm, the software accomplished a 98.7% specificity and a 93.9% sensitivity in deciding whether to interrupt treatment for patient re-setup. Significance. Significant intrafractional motion exists in certain paraspinal SBRT patients, supporting the need for quantitative motion monitoring during treatment. Our improved software achieves high motion tracking accuracy clinically and provides reliable guidance for treatment intervention. It offers a practical solution to ensure accurate delivery of paraspinal SBRT on a conventional Linac platform.
Correlation between defect properties and the performance of eco-friendly CsSnI3-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mottakin M , Su’Ait Mohd Sukor , Chelvanathan Puvaneswaran , Islam Md Ariful , Shahiduzzaman Md , Ibrahim Mohd Adib , Muhammad Ghulam , Akhtaruzzaman Md
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the potential use of eco-friendly, all-inorganic cesium tin iodide (CsSnI3) perovskite (PVK) as an absorber layer. Despite having higher temperature stability of CsSnI3, the challenge is to get a uniform and defect-free film that hinders the performance. To accomplish this goal, we investigated several performance-related variables for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), including material defect density (Nt
), transport materials, layer thickness, temperature impacts, and back contact work functions. Negative valence band or conduction band offset values indicate no barrier preventing photogenerated carriers from flowing into the charge transport layers. The simulation result shows that hole transport layer thickness shows a higher impact than electron transport layer thickness. For the PVK thickness of 500 nm and a carrier density of 1018 cm−3, the device offers an optimum power conversion efficiency of 20.1%. The performance is more significantly affected by the defects in the PVK material compared to the defects present at the interface. Higher recombination (Re−h+) occurs at the TiO2–CsSnI3 interface. Defects located within the deep-level trap positioned at the mid-point of the band gap energy (E
g) have a negative impact on the performance. The temperature coefficient (C
T) is approximately ‒0.367% K‒1, indicating excellent thermal stability in an open environment. The selection of ‘A’ cation, the addition of additives, or carefully controlled fabrication techniques can mitigate the defect. This research shows the strategy for creating defects-free PSC devices, ultimately enhancing performance and the stability.
Higgs-like (pseudo)scalars in AdS4, marginal and irrelevant deformations in CFT3, and instantons on S
3
Authors: Naghdi M.
Published: January 2024

Employing a 4-form ansatz of 11-dimensional supergravity over a non-dynamical

background and setting the internal space as an

Hopf fibration on

, we obtain a consistent truncation. The (pseudo)scalars, in the resulting scalar equations in Euclidean AdS

space, may be considered to arise from (anti)M-branes wrapping around the internal directions in the (Wick-rotated) skew-whiffed M2-brane background (as the resulting theory is for anti-M2-branes), thus realizing the modes after swapping the three fundamental representations

,

, and

of

. Taking the backreaction on the external and internal spaces, we obtain the massless and massive modes, corresponding to exactly marginal and marginally irrelevant deformations on the boundary CFT

, respectively. Subsequently, we obtain a closed solution for the bulk equation and compute its correction with respect to the background action. Next, considering the Higgs-like (breathing) mode

, having all supersymmetries as well as parity and scale-invariance broken, solving the associated bulk equation with mathematical methods, specifically the Adomian decomposition method, and analyzing the behavior near the boundary of the solutions, we realize the boundary duals in the

-singlet sectors of the ABJM model. Then, introducing the new dual deformation

operators made of bi-fundamental scalars, fermions, and

gauge fields, we obtain the

-invariant solutions as small instantons on a three-sphere with the radius at infinity, which correspond to collapsing bulk bubbles leading to big-crunch singularities.
240 nm AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet micro-LEDs: size effect versus edge effect
Authors: Lu Shunpeng , Bai Jiangxiao , Li Hongbo , Jiang Ke , Ben Jianwei , Zhang Shanli , Zhang Zi-Hui , Sun Xiaojuan , Li Dabing
Published: January 2024

240 nm AlGaN-based micro-LEDs with different sizes are designed and fabricated. Then, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and light extraction efficiency (LEE) are systematically investigated by comparing size and edge effects. Here, it is revealed that the peak optical output power increases by 81.83% with the size shrinking from 50.0 to 25.0 μm. Thereinto, the LEE increases by 26.21% and the LEE enhancement mainly comes from the sidewall light extraction. Most notably, transverse-magnetic (TM) mode light intensifies faster as the size shrinks due to the tilted mesa side-wall and Al reflector design. However, when it turns to 12.5 μm sized micro-LEDs, the output power is lower than 25.0 μm sized ones. The underlying mechanism is that even though protected by SiO2 passivation, the edge effect which leads to current leakage and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination deteriorates rapidly with the size further shrinking. Moreover, the ratio of the p-contact area to mesa area is much lower, which deteriorates the p-type current spreading at the mesa edge. These findings show a role of thumb for the design of high efficiency micro-LEDs with wavelength below 250 nm, which will pave the way for wide applications of deep ultraviolet (DUV) micro-LEDs.
Low-cycle fatigue mechanical behavior of 30CrMo steel under hydrogen environment and numerical verification of chaboche model
Authors: Guan Y B , Wang Q Y , He C , Fu L , Lin L , Zhang Y Q , Luo Y R , Wang Z G , Wu X
Published: January 2024

In order to investigate the fatigue behavior of the hydrogen storage material, 30CrMo steel, in a hydrogen environment, an electrochemical hydrogen charging method was employed. Low-cycle fatigue experiments were conducted on the material to obtain half-life stress–strain hysteresis curves, cyclic response characteristics, and strain-life relationships under different hydrogen charging durations. The results indicate that the material exhibited an overall cyclic softening behavior, transitioning from ductile fracture to brittle fracture after hydrogen charging, resulting in a significant reduction in fatigue life. The Manson-Coffin formula was fitted based on material cyclic response characteristics and strain-life relationship curves. Additionally, fatigue toughness and Chaboche kinematic hardening models were fitted based on low-cycle fatigue test data. Finite element analysis was used to validate the accuracy and reliability of the Chaboche kinematic hardening model. The Chaboche kinematic hardening model showed minimal error compared to experimental data and accurately described the influence of hydrogen on the low-cycle fatigue mechanical behavior of 30CrMo steel.
Remaining useful life prediction towards cycling stability of organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Xu Jie , Xie Miao , Wu Xinhao , Xiao Kunshu , Ding Yaoyu , Bai Libing , Huang Cheng-Geng , Huang Wei
Published: January 2024

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) show abundant potential in biosensors, artificial neuromorphic systems, brain-machine interfaces, etc With the fast development of novel functional materials and new device structures, OECTs with high transconductance (gm > mS) and good cycling stabilities (> 10,000 cycles) have been developed. While stability characterization is always time-consuming, to accelerate the development and commercialization of OECTs, tools for stability prediction are urgently needed. In this paper, OECTs with good cycling stabilities are realized by minimizing the gate voltage amplitude during cycling, while a remaining useful life (RUL) prediction framework for OECTs is proposed. Specifically, OECTs based on p(g2T-T) show tremendously enhanced stability which exhibits only 46.1% on-current (ION) and 33.2% peak gm decreases after 80,000 cycles (53 min). Then, RUL prediction is proposed based on the run-to-failure (RtF) aging tests (cycling stability test of OECTs). By selecting two aging parameters (ION and peak gm) as health indicators (HI), a novel multi-scale feature fusion (MFF) method for RUL prediction is proposed, which consists of a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network based multi-scale feature generator (MFG) module for feature extraction and an attention-based feature fusion (AFF) module for feature fusion. Consequently, richer effective information is utilized to improve the prediction performance, where the experimental results show the superiority of the proposed framework on multiple OECTs in RUL prediction tasks. Therefore, by introducing such a powerful framework for the evaluation of the lifetime of OECTs, further optimization of materials, devices, and integrated systems relevant to OECTs will be stimulated. Moreover, this tool can also be extended to other relevant bioelectronics.