bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rotation ratios method: a method to describe altered pelvic orientation in sequential radiographs
Authors: Foss O. A. , Klaksvik J. , Benum P. , Anda S.
Published: October 2007

Background: A method to describe pelvic rotations between pairs of standard sequential pelvic anteroposterior radiographs based on a pelvic phantom is described in a former study.

Purpose: To expand this method into clinical use based on clinical data.

Material and Methods: Teardrop distances were measured on 262 pelvic radiographs from 46 patients in a clinical material using a computer program designed to perform measurements on digital radiographs. Anthropometric data recorded from 141 pelvises in an anatomical collection were employed in a computer program designed to simulate radiographs of virtual objects. Virtual rotations of the pelvises were carried out with 4653 virtual radiographs obtained. Virtual radiographic measures were analyzed.

Results: A statistically significant difference of 8 mm between mean teardrop distance in females (120 mm) and males (112 mm) was found in the clinical material. A set of formulas describing the relations between differences of two rotation ratios and pelvic rotations were derived. Four simple regression analyses were carried out with the use of virtual measures. Adjusted teardrop distances were implemented.

Conclusion: A clinical method to describe pelvic rotations using standard pelvic radiographs was developed.
High-resolution computed tomography with single-slice computed tomography and 16-channel multidetector computed tomography: a comparison regarding visibility and motion artifacts
Authors: Vikgren J. , Båth M. , Johnsson Å. A. , Flinck A. , Milde H. , Thilander-Klang A. , Kheddache S.
Published: October 2007

Background: High-resolution computed tomography is the image procedure of choice in the evaluation of interstitial lung disease. Multidetector-row computed tomography provides the possibility of simultaneous reconstruction of thin and thick slices from the same raw data, acquired from one single series. Thus, it may be tempting to exclude the step-and-shoot series.

Purpose: To compare high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT step-and-shoot) from single-slice CT (SSCT) and 16-channel multidetector CT (MDCT) in terms of visibility and motion artifacts, and to investigate whether thin images reconstructed from helical MDCT are equal to or better than conventional HRCT by SSCT in terms of visibility and motion artifacts.

Material and Methods: 20 patients underwent HRCT step-and-shoot by SSCT (SSCT step-and-shoot) and MDCT (MDCT step-and-shoot), and a helical MDCT acquisition (MDCT helical). Images from four anatomical levels were analyzed in random order regarding visibility and motion artifacts.

Results: Visibility using MDCT step-and-shoot was significantly better than or equal to SSCT step-and-shoot for segmental bronchi and fissures, but not for subsegmental bronchi. For MDCT helical, visibility was equal to or better than SSCT step-and-shoot for segmental bronchi, but not for fissures and subsegmental bronchi. Concerning motion artifacts, MDCT step-and-shoot and MDCT helical were significantly better than or equal to SSCT step-and-shoot.

Conclusion: The image quality (accounting for motion artifacts and visibility) of SSCT step-and-shoot and MDCT step-and-shoot is comparable. The visibility of anatomic structures in images from MDCT helical is inferior to HRCT step-and-shoot.
Something to think about
Authors: Maryniak Irena , Maryniak Irena
Published: October 2007

With the disintegration of the socialist system throughout eastern Europe, wife beating is on the increase. But everyone conspires to keep the secret: women are ashamed to report it; and if they do, the authorities dismiss it as trivial
Positive negatives
Authors: Griffin Michael
Published: October 2007

The sense that one has been censored can become an obsession; and calling someone a censor opens divisions that never mend
Porn again
Authors: Oseka Andrzej , Maryniak Irena
Published: October 2007

The recent campaign in Poland to ban pornography in all its forms cloaks far more intricate anxieties about freedom - and the EU
Big browser is watching you
Authors: Banisar David
Published: October 2007

In the US, the rapid development of Internet technologies, combined with a tack of legal protections for privacy, is turning the Internet into the World Wide Watcher. Controversy is growing but there is little action from government `You have zero privacy -get over it!' Scott McNealy, CEO, Sun Microsystems.
The spy in the corner
Authors: Burke David
Published: October 2007

Orwell's ultimate invasion of personal privacy, the telescreen, is an also-ran next to digital TV. It's high definition, widescreen and it even watches your kids
I remember
Authors: Grass Günter
Published: October 2007

Whenever we make our plans for the future, the past has left its mark on what we thought was virgin territory; it has set up signposts that just lead us back to what we have already lived through
Poison from the proletariat
Authors: D'Entremont Jim
Published: October 2007

Fierce critic of the dark side of US society, or vicious, foul-mouthed wizard of hate? White rapper Eminem, the music industry's hottest property and sworn enemy of 'concerned parents' everywhere, is in trouble - but not with his teenage fans and followers
Soft as velvet
Authors: Furlong Ray
Published: October 2007

Neither Prague nor, remarkably, Brussels seems in a hurry to guarantee media independence in the Czech Republic, one of the darlings of EU expansion
Few tongues, many voices?
Authors: Cebrián Juan Luís
Published: October 2007

Even greater concentration of media ownership could be Europe's salvation from homogenised cultural globalisation
Put out less flags
Authors: Tripathi Salil
Published: October 2007

Could the despised euro actually provide the sense of identity so long sought by the European Union?
Nails and water
Authors: Vervenioti Tasoula , Margaronis Maria
Published: October 2007

Many who fought in the resistance against the German occupation of Greece and in the civil war that followed were persecuted for decades after, regardless of their politics. It is only recently that they have felt free to tell their stories
Speaking in tongues
Authors: Baltsiotis Lambros , Embiricos Leonidas , Margaronis Maria
Published: October 2007

The battle over minority languages hots up
Diversity of propaganda
Authors: Howard Michael
Published: October 2007

The furore caused by the use of depleted uranium in former Yugoslavia also exposed dangerously depleted levels of impartiality in the media
Walking down Mitropoleos Street
Authors: Kapllani Gazmend , Margaronis Maria
Published: October 2007

Before 1991 there was a very short joke making the rounds in Greece: 'Albanian tourist'
Out in Africa
Authors: Capurro Scott
Published: October 2007

First it was the Holocaust; then Jesus and the Quran. A stand-up comedian discovers the limits of laughter in South Africa
Beaten, manacled and raped
Authors: Maja-Pearce Adewale
Published: October 2007

Contrary to the assumption that attitudes to madness are more benign in traditional cultures, the lot of the insane in Nigeria, at least, is not a happy one
The changing shape of madness
Authors: Maitland Sara
Published: October 2007

Because they are ill, and because society finds them threatening, the mad are deprived of full humanity. One way in which this is achieved is the denial of their right to be heard. By refusing to listen, we silence them
Is Falun Gong going crazy?
Authors: Schechter Danny
Published: October 2007

China gives a new lease of life to the old Soviet practice of silencing dissidents by certifying them
No Hiding Place
Authors: Fisher Mark
Published: October 2007

INDEX TRACES THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS THAT ALLOW ED THE UK ANTI-TERRORISM , CRIM E AND SECURITY ACT TO BE PASSED INTO LAW WITH INDECENT HASTE IN - OR IN SPITE OF - A PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY
Confronting the Monster
Authors: Chomsky Noam
Published: October 2007

NOT FOR THE FIRST TIME, THE US IS BATTLING 'TERRORISM'. THE CRITERIA AND THE METHODS - AS WELL AS THE CONSEQUENCES - ARE ALL TOO FAMILIAR
Standing Alone
Authors: Politkovskaya Anna
Published: October 2007

FIRST THE RUSSIAN FEDERAL AUTHORITIES ABANDONED IT, THEN THEIR OWN LEADERSHIP. NOW PUTIN WILL BE GIVEN A FREE HAND AGAINST HIS 'CHECHEN TERRORISTS'
Merde!
Authors: Dridi Daika , Routledge Mike
Published: October 2007

RECENT ATTACKS AGAINST ALGERIA'S WOMEN TELL ONLY PART OF THE TALE: DESPITE APPEARANCES, THESE VICTIMS HAVE MADE INROADS ON MALE PRESERVES DURING ALGERIA'S DECADE OF VIOLENCE
Within the Meaning of the Definition
Authors: Sammonds Neil
Published: October 2007

ST AUGUSTINE TELLS THE STORY OF A CONVERSATION BETWEEN ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND A PIRATE HE HAS CAPTURED. 'HOW DARE YOU MOLEST THE SEAS?' ASKS ALEXANDER. 'HOW DARE YOU MOLEST THE WHOLE WORLD?' THE PIRATE REPLIES. 'BECAUSE I DO IT WITH A LITTLE SHIP ONLY, I AM CALLED A THIEF; YOU, DOING IT WITH A GREAT NAVY, ARE CALLED AN EMPEROR'
Reforming the Revolution
Authors: Soroush Abdol Karim , Mobasser Nilou
Published: October 2007

One of the most distinguished and controversial thinkers in today's Iran,Abdol Karim Soroush has been the butt of both sides of the Iranian divide. Conservatives accuse him of 'extremism' in his attacks on the clergy and in his challenge to traditional interpretations of Islam as well as the main pillar of the post-revolutionary government, the Velayat-e-Faqih.

Reformers, particularly those 'liberals' who would prefer to see the replacement of the present system of government by a wholly secular system, accuse him of not going far enough in this direction and so reinforcing the hold of the clerics. Though he has argued the separation of Church and State if either is to prosper, he remains a committed Muslim who sees the necessity of reform in a society where religion still plays so large a part in the life of the majority of the population. Those familiar with the arguments of the Protestant Reformation will find what Soroush says on the necessity of reform and the end of religious 'tyranny',for instance, unremarkable.

For the authorities in Iran, however, it is another matter (Index 4/1996, 'God is not dead'). Between 1996 and 1999, Soroush was effectively prevented from teaching at the university — his classes were violently disrupted by members of the extremist Ansar-e Hezbollah; he and his family received death threats from the same source; his passport was withdrawn, most journals closed their pages to him and he was unable to work at the university, finally losing his job in 1998. Today, he is working at the Middle East Center in Harvard, Massachusetts. JVH
God or Democracy
Authors: Bhatia Sidharth
Published: October 2007

INDIAN DEMOCRACY IS NOT IN IMMINENT DANGER, BUT IT IS UNDER SERIOUS ATTACK FROM SECTARIAN INTERESTS
Losing Friends and Influencing People
Authors: Knightley Phillip
Published: October 2007

WHERE IS THE MEDIA DEBATE ON THE THREATS TO CIVIL LIBERTIES, THE RIGHT OF DISSENT, FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND OTHER LEGAL RIGHTS SINCE 11 SEPTEMBER?
Media Marketplace
Authors: Mobasser Nilou
Published: October 2007

THE PRESENT DUALITY OF THE IRANIAN STATE WAS HIGHLIGHTED BY THE EVENTS OF 1 1 SEPTEMBER AND LEFT THE COUNTRY PLAYING A MORE PASSIVE ROLE THAN IT MIGHT HAVE DONE
The Patriotic Syndrome
Authors: Duve Freimut
Published: October 2007

THE OSCE REPRESENTATIVE FOR FREE EXPRESSION CRITICISES THE US MEDIA IN THE WAKE OF THE 11 SEPTEMBER ATTACKS AND EXPOSES THE ATTACKS ON FREEDOM IN CHECHNYA. HE ALSO EXPRESSES HIS DISQUIET ON THE MEDIA LANDSCAPE IN SILVIO BERLUSCONI'S ITALY
Northern Lightness of Being
Authors: Drysdale Helena
Published: October 2007

CONTINUING OUR SERIES ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES IN EUROPE, HELENA DRYSDALE VISITS THE SAMI OF THE FAR NORTH
Is This Then the End?
Authors: Hedl Dragutin
Published: October 2007

HUGE FINES COULD FINALLY SPELL THE END OF CROATIA'S BEST-KNOWN SATIRICAL WEEKLY
Arab Nationalism: Alive or Dead?
Authors: Mohammed Hassanein Heikal
Published: October 2007

MILITANT ISLAM HAS PASSED ITS PRIME, ARGUES EGYPT'S LEADING WRITER AND INTELLECTUAL. THE FORCE TO BE RECKONED WITH IN THE FUTURE IS A NEW BRAND OF ARAB NATIONALISM
The House of Burned Books
Authors: Marking Stacy
Published: October 2007

SEVENTY YEARS AFTER THE NOTORIOUS BOOK BURNINGS BY THE NAZI REGIME IN GERMANY, THE PHENOMENON IS STILL ALIVE AND KICKING, MOST NOTABLY IN THE UNITED STATES
Holding On To Babel
Authors: Drysdale Helena
Published: October 2007

OUR LANGUAGES ARE THE GREATEST ACHIEVEMENT OF OUR INTELLIGENCE, AN INTELLIGENCE BOTH HUMAN AND YET MYSTERIOUS. WHEN A LANGUAGE DIES, A WAY OF LIFE DISAPPEARS AND WE ARE ALL THE POORER
When Is a Boycott Absolutely Necessary?
Authors: Bateson Patrick
Published: October 2007

WHEN, IF EVER, IS A BOYCOTT JUSTIFIED? WHAT ARE THE PRACTICAL AND MORAL CRITERIA THAT DETERMINE WHEN THE TIME HAS COME?
Strangers Know Us Best
Authors: Fernández-Armesto Felipe
Published: October 2007

THE CARELESS BRITISH POSE A GREATER THREAT TO BRITISHNESS THAN ANY NUMBER OF WILLING MIGRANTS TO THEIR SHORES
Waging a Peace
Authors: Jayasekera Rohan
Published: October 2007

IRAQ'S ALL-POWERFUL CIVILIAN CHIEF L PAUL BREMER III SETS LIMITS TO FREE SPEECH
On Becoming an American
Authors: Mcgrath Patrick
Published: October 2007

BECOMING AN AMERICAN AT THIS PRECISE MOMENT IN HISTORY FEELS NOT EXACTLY LIKE A POISONED CHALICE, BUT IT CERTAINLY LEAVES A BITTERSWEET TASTE IN THE MOUTH
Elusive Peace
Authors: Oz Amos , Grossman David
Published: October 2007

ISRAEL'S DAILY 'HA'ARETZ' BROUGHT TOGETHER TWO WRITERS, AMOS OZ AND DAVID GROSSMAN, WHO HAVE BEEN WORKING FOR PEACE. THEIR LUCID DISCUSSION RANGES OVER THE DISASTROUS POSITION OF THE LEFT IN ISRAEL, TERRORISM AND THE FUTURE OF THE COUNTRY
More Equal Than Others
Authors: Berlins Marcel
Published: October 2007

FEW RIGHTS SUCCESSFULLY CHALLENGE THE SUPREMACY OF THE RIGHT TO FREE EXPRESSION. IN LAW THAT IS; GOVERNMENTS ARE ANOTHER MATTER
Mordechai Vanunu
Authors: Hounam Peter
Published: October 2007

THE ISRAELI WHISTLEBLOWER REACHES THE END OF HIS 18-YEAR PRISON TERM IN APRIL. THE JOURNALIST WHO ORIGINALLY EXPOSED THE STORY REFLECTS ON 12 YEARS OF SOLITARY CONFINEMENT AND THE FICTION OF ISRAEL'S NON-NUCLEAR STATUS
Made in America
Authors: Chomsky Noam
Published: October 2007

A CENTURY OF US INTERVENTION AND SUBVERSION CULMINATES IN HAITI'S LATEST COUP
The Lies We Tell
Authors: Cohen Stanley
Published: October 2007

HOW MUCH DO WE BELIEVE THE LIES WE TELL TO OURSELVES AND OTHERS?
Arab Books & Human Development
Authors: Rogan Eugene
Published: October 2007

THE CHALLENGES FACED BY ARABIC BOOK PUBLISHING ARE CONSIDERABLE BUT IS IT REALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL THE PROBLEMS OF THE ARAB WORLD?
Spreading the Word
Authors: Haykel Bernard
Published: October 2007

CULTURAL AND SECTARIAN DIFFERENCES FRAGMENT THE ARAB BOOK MARKET
Terror in Thailand
Authors: Reynolds Alexander
Published: October 2007

THERE IS A GUERRILLA WAR BREWING IN THAILAND BETWEEN THE COUNTRY'S SECURITY FORCES AND MACHETE-WIELDING MUSLIMS ON MOTORBIKES
A One-Sided Wall
Authors: Pullan Wendy
Published: October 2007

THE ISRAELI WALL, FAR FROM BEING MEDIEVAL, IS AN ESPECIALLY MODERN RESPONSE, RIFE WITH THE REMAINS OF COLD WAR OBFUSCATION THAT VIEWED THE WORLD DIVIDED BY THE IRON CURTAIN AS AN ESSENTIALLY ONE-SIDED DIVISION
Why the Zionists Were Right
Authors: Yehoshua Avraham B
Published: October 2007

'I TRY TO UNDERSTAND NOT SO MUCH ANTI-SEMITISM AS THE MECHANISMS THAT LEAD TO ANTI-SEMITISM'
Culture: Loot!
Authors: Lucie-Smith Edward
Published: October 2007

WITH THE OLYMPIC GAMES RETURNING HOME TO ATHENS THIS YEAR, GREECE IS ONCE MORE DEMANDING THE RETURN OF THE PARTHENON MARBLES
Voices Under Occupation
Authors: Pearlman Wendy
Published: October 2007

Every Palestinian man, woman, and child in the West Bank and Gaza has a story to tell about how his or her life has been affected by the Israeli occupation in general and the current violence in particular. Occupied Voices: Stories of Everyday Life from the Second Intifada presents interviews with the few dozen people whom I was able to meet when I lived and travelled in the Palestinian territories. The photographs and stories in the book wer one window into the pain, dreams and resilience of real people enduring a terrible conflict.

Some will read the stiffering portrayed in these interviews and retort, 'Yes, but Israelis have suffered, too.' They will be right but they will have missed the point. I am not trying to argue that Palestinians' miseries trump those of Israelis, only that Palestinians be given the chance to express themselves in their own terms. Others may say: 'Yes, but given the suicide bombings, Israel must act to defend itself.' They too will be right and they too will have missed the point. Many of the hardships described in this book are difficult to justify on the grounds of security. Moreover, the volume as a whole paints a portrait of the kind of political and social context that nourishes extremism. While particular stories will vary, the message remains the same: a nation's cry for the right to live with freedom and dignity on its own land. WP
The God Gulf
Authors: Cairncross Frances
Published: October 2007

IN NO OTHER COUNTRY OUTSIDE THE ISLAMIC WORLD IS RELIGION SUCH A CENTRAL ASPECT OF POLITICS AS IT IS IN THE UNITED STATES. FOR MANY AMERICANS, IT WILL BE THE KEY ISSUE IN THE ELECTIONS
It's All About Identity, Stupid
Authors: Casanova José
Published: October 2007

AFTER TWO CENTURIES OF ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE MORE RECENT PROGRESS OF SECULARISM, RELIGION HAS AGAIN REARED ITS HEAD AS ONE OF THE MORE CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN EUROPE
Ganesh's Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat
Authors: Tripathi Salil
Published: October 2007

THE HINDU DIASPORA GETS INTO THE GOD SHOW
Terror in Argentina
Authors: Piacentini Pablo
Published: October 2007

This is the text of a report, sent last autumn to the International PEN, whose president, the Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa, forwarded it to the President of Argentina, General Jorge Rafael Videla. In his accompanying letter, which we reprint in full, Vargas Llosa protests against recent events in Argentina, such as the detention of writers and artists, the introduction of ‘a rigid censorship’, the confiscation and public burning of books, the closure of publishing houses, and the abduction, torture and murder of journalists, writers and other intellectuals.
Time to Come Clean
Authors: Fuchs Jürgen
Published: October 2007

The text passages below are from an unpublished book by the East Berlin writer Jürgen Fuchs. Fuchs, born in 1950, belongs to the circle of Wolf Biermann and Robert Havemann. He left school in 1969 and was trained as a skilled worker on the East German Railways. After his service with the National People's Army he studied social psychology in Jena. His writings first appeared in collections and periodicals in 1973. In April 1975, after a public reading of some of his works, he was expelled from the Party, expelled from the University a few days before the conclusion of his course, and branded a ‘counter-revolutionary’ and ‘slanderer of the State’. On 19 November 1976, having signed a letter of protest against Biermann's expatriation, he was arrested. The passages below, from Fuchs' book Aide-Memoire, were published in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung in November 1976.
In defence of the word
Authors: Galeano Eduardo , Rowe William
Published: October 2007

During long sleepless nights and days of depression, a fly buzzes and buzzes around the head:' Writing, is it worth it?'

In the midst of the farewells and the crimes, will words survive?

Does this profession, which one has chosen or which has been chosen for one, make any sense?

I am South American. In Montevideo, where I was born, I edited some newspapers and journals; one after the other they were closed down, by the government or by the creditors. I wrote several books: they are all banned. At the beginning of ‘73, my exile began. In Buenos Aires, we founded Crisis. It was a cultural journal with the biggest circulation in the history of the Spanish language. In August of last year its last number appeared. It could not continue. When words can be no worthier than silence, it is better to say nothing. And to hope.

Where are the writers and journalists who produced the journal? Almost all have left Argentina, Some are dead. Others, imprisoned or disappeared.

The novelist Haroldo Conti, or what remained of him, was seen for the last time in the middle of May 1976. Broken by torture. Nothing more has been heard of him. Officially, he was not detained. The government washes its hands. The poet Miguel Angel Bustos was taken from his home and has disappeared. The poet Paco Urondo was killed in Mendoza. The writers Paoletti and Di Benedetto are in prison: As is Luis Sabini, the journal's head of production: he is accused of possessing arms because he had a bullet to make himself a key ring. Our editor, Carlos Villar Arauja, was the first to go. In July 1975 he had to leave the country. He had published a courageous work, with documentary evidence, on oil in Argentina. That edition of Crisis was put on sale in the kiosks and, six evenings later, Carlos did not come home to sleep. They interrogated him with his eyes covered. The police denied holding him. Two days later he was flung, by a miracle still alive, into the woods of Ezeiza. The police said they had arrested him by mistake. They circulated lists of those condemned to death. The poet, Juan Gelman, editor in chief, had to take a plane. Some time later, they came looking for him in his home in Buenos Aires. As he was not there, they took his children away. The daughter turned up alive. Of the son and daughter-in-law, seven months pregnant, nothing is known. Unofficial government information indicated that they had been in prison and had been set free. The earth has swallowed them up.

In such stormy times, the profession of writing is dangerous. In such circumstances, one recovers pride and joy in words, or loses respect for them for ever.
Kidnapped in Buenos Aires
Authors: Larreta Enrique Rodriguez
Published: October 2007

For two months they had maltreated me, tortured me, kept me handcuffed and blindfolded; I had eaten badly, slept on the floor covered with just a filthy blanket and had no news about my family, who in turn must have thought me dead-all this without being accused of any crime.'

This is how Enrique Larreta sums up his terrifying ordeal at the hands of the Argentinian and Uruguayan security forces in the summer and autumn of last year. A 55-year-old journalist with an unblemished record and no political involvement of any kind, he went to Buenos Aires in July 1976 to search for his son, who had disappeared. The son, also a journalist, 26 years old and married with a five-year-old child, had been living in Argentina for the past three years. He had been a student leader in Uruguay and was arrested by the Army in 1972, held incommunicado for nine months, interrogated and tortured, before being released as there was no evidence against him. Until his disappearance he had worked for the Buenos Aires newspaper, El Cronista Comercial.

Enrique Larreta joined his daughter-in-law in attempting to trace the missing journalist and to secure his release. On 2 July he presented a writ of habeas corpus, requesting the court that the police, the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of the Interior, and the other security forces be asked about his whereabouts. A few days later he was told that the authorities had no record of his son and that he had not been detained.

Enrique Larreta then contacted a number of organisations, including the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, the Episcopal Council, and Dr Abelardo Rossi, a member of the Court of Justice. Everyone assured him of their sympathies but said they were unable to help. A member of the Supreme Court pointed out that on the same day over six thousand writs of habeas corpus had been received in cases similar to his. Undeterred, he wrote letters to various individuals and institutions, and he publicised his son's disappearance in Buenos Aires newspapers.

What follows is an abbreviated version of Enrique Larreta's statement, which he made at the London offices of Amnesty International during his visit to England in March this year.
The Orlov tribunal
Authors: Alexeyeva Lyudmila
Published: October 2007

On 12 May, 1976, Professor Yuri Orlov, a Soviet physicist, founded a Group to Promote the Observance of the Helsinki Agreements in the USSR. This was the first of many such similar groups in Eastern Europe and had nine members to begin with. On the day of its foundation, Professor Orlov was warned by representatives of the KGB that his action was unconstitutional and illegal, but no evidence was offered to support this accusation. In the course of the following year the Group issued 19 major reports on violations of the Helsinki Accord in the Soviet Union, and on 10 February, 1977, Professor Orlov was arrested on unspecified charges. In May 1977, Professor Orlov's wife retained the English barrister, Mr John Macdonald, to act as her husband's defence lawyer, but Macdonald was refused a visa to enter the Soviet Union. He then hit upon the idea of conducting his case for the defence of Orlov in the form of a special tribunal, at which evidence was heard from several dozen expert witnesses, including some former members of the Helsinki Group now in the West. The tribunal was held at the Institute of Physics in Belgrave Square, London, on Monday 13 June, and the evidence subsequently transcribed and submitted to the Soviet courts for consideration. What follows here is a condensed selection of some of the testimony that was offered.
Four Poems
Authors: Sepamla Sipho , Hope Christopher
Published: October 2007

Sydney Sipho Sepamla was born in 1932 and has lived most of his life in Soweto, the giant township southwest of Johannesburg, so recently notorious. Soweto, with an unofficial population perhaps upward of a million (so much in Soweto has been unofficial always, even the people are thought of as temporary sojourners) living in a vast dormitory of jerry-built houses stretching for astonishing miles over the flat, bleak veld, existing in the minds of the planners and ideologues as merely a place to sleep the thousands who service the white city next door by day.

Sepamla must be ranked along with Oswald Mtshali and Wally Mongane Serote among what I might call the poets of the new cities. I am referring not to Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban, but to their black satellites, Soweto, Langa and Kwa Mashu, cities of night attending the cities of the sun. Such mirror images and inverted relationships are characteristic in South Africa.

In his anthology of Black South African verse, the first and best introduction to the new city poets, which takes its title from Sepamla's fine satirical poem ‘To Whom It May Concern’, Robert Royston remarked that the new poetry was ‘a form of self-preservation’. However angry and expressive it might be, it presented less of a target to censors, priests and police who had sunk, literally without trace, an entire raft of black prose writers in the fifties and sixties.

Understandably, some of the new city verse is assertive, angry and confused - but in South African poetry there has been nothing so invigorating for years. What sets Sepamla apart from the others, I think, has been a certain wariness of political rhetoric, a most un-South African subtlety. There is nothing unusual about using the big stick in South Africa; everybody has one. But in a country of brutal distinctions what is truly rare is the ability to distinguish. Sepamla's is a nervy, urban sensibility, perfectly suited to finding the chinks in the regime's fibrous armour and thrusting in his spear. He is at his steely best in ‘the deadpan, factual, throwaway line’ which Douglas Livingstone has pointed to, splendidly instanced in this poem, ‘The Will’:

The burglar-proofing and the gate

will go to my elder son

so will the bicycle

and a pair of bracelets

His strength is double-edged; not only does he recount the pains of the blacks under apartheid, but articulates, too, the white nightmare of dispossession, often imagined, always expected, forever abjured.

Sepamla's books include Hurry Up To It! ( 1975) and The Blues Is You In Me ( 1976), both published in Johannesburg. With the publication of The Soweto I Love his work is for the first time available abroad. He edits the review New Classic ( named for the dry-cleaning business in the room above which the magazine was founded), now in its latest metamorphosis and always amongst the most worthwhile South African little magazines open to the work of black writers. He edits, too, the drama magazine, Sketsh!
Breaking the Ice Barrier
Authors: Havel Václav
Published: October 2007

In October, the Czech playwright Václav Havel received a sentence of 14 months, suspended for three years, at the end of a trial at which he and three other defendants (see p.68) were accused of ‘subversion of the Republic’ for having sent banned manuscripts out of the country for publication abroad.

The day after the trial ended the BBC in London showed part of an interview with Havel, filmed clandestinely in Czechoslovakia, in which the writer discussed his arrest the previous January, his feelings about his four-month-long detention, and the imminent court case; he also gave his views on Charter 77, of which he was one of the three spokesmen when the document was first made public in January of last year.

The following is the full text of the interview.
Poems from El Salvador
Authors: Dalton Roque , Armijo Roberto
Published: October 2007

Ro'que Dalton (1933-75) is a well-known poet who was forced to live in exile for many years; he was murdered on his return to El Salvador in 1975. Roberto Armijo (b. 1937) has published essays, plays and poems. In 1965 he won the Republica de El Salvador Prize with his book: Francisco de Gavidia, la odisea de su genio. Since 1970 he has been living in exile in Paris. He is Associate Professor at the University of Nanterre and Professor of Latin American Literature at the Sorbonne Nouvelle.
Dissent in Chinese Fiction
Authors: Beyer John
Published: October 2007

The Execution of Mayor Yin and Other Stories from the Cultural Revolution by Chen Jo-hsi Indiana University Press 248pp

The Coldest Winter in Peking by Hsia Chih-yen Doubleday (New York), W. H. Allen (London) 402pp £5.50
Television and Politics
Authors: Smith Anthony , others
Published: October 2007

In May the Writers and Scholars Educational Trust will see published its most ambitious project to date, a study of the relationship between the TV organisations of six West European countries and governments. Edited by Anthony Smith, who also wrote the chapter on Great Britain, the book contains five other contributions by leading communications experts in the countries concerned. It is being published by the London publisher, Macmillan and in the USA by St Martin's Press. Below we print excerpts from the six chapters.
Controversy: Too heavy a price
Authors: Berrigan Daniel
Published: October 2007

Last January we published ‘Solentiname – the end’ by the Nicaraguan poet, Ernesto Cardenal (Index on Censorship 1/1979), a personal statement by a Catholic priest who, faced with the violence offered to the people of his country by the Somoza regime, had come to the conclusion that violent struggle was the only way for an oppressed people to overthrow tyranny and create a juster society. Shortly before this, Cardenal had gone into exile in neighbouring Costa Rica and joined the Frente Sandinista, conducting a thanksgiving service on Nicaraguan soil when Somoza fell. His American friend, Daniel Berrigan – also a priest, poet and human rights campaigner – was unable to contact Cardenal directly at the time, and so replied to his statement in an open letter, expressing his belief that Catholics must reject violent forms of political and social change which require them to kill their fellow men. Below, we print a slightly abbreviated version of the letter.
From a North Korean jail
Authors: Lameda Ali
Published: October 2007

Denied all writing materials, he continued to compose poetry in prison, committing the verses to memory. The first poem on p.49 ( translated by Tom Jones) dates from his first prison term and is on the war in Vietnam. It was published in 1969, having been sent out when he was between detentions. The other two ( translated by Jo Labanyi) were composed in Suriwon camp and published in 1975 by Monte Avila Editores, Caracas.

The following is from Ali Lameda: A Personal Account of the Experience of a Prisoner of Conscience in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Amnesty Int., 8–14 Southampton St., London WC2).
Blunt Instruments
Authors: Power Jonathan
Published: October 2007

Coups and Earthquakes – Reporting the World for America by Mort Rosenblum Harper & Row 230pp £5.95
Why I made ‘Death of a Princess’
Authors: Thomas Anthony
Published: October 2007

The dramatised documentary Death of a Princess, first shown on British television on 9 April, caused a political and diplomatic storm, with Saudi Arabian protests leading to the expulsion of the British Ambassador from Jeddah and to strenuous efforts by official and business representatives to prevent the film being screened in a number of other countries.

In this interview with John Bonus, a writer on Middle East affairs, Anthony Thomas Princess and rebuts Saudi charges that his film was ‘anti-Islamic’.

Q. What gave you the idea of making the film in the first place?
Pol Pot's diabolical sweetness
Authors: Polin Soth
Published: October 2007

Pol Pot learned the charm of words from Verlaine and Buddhist poetry. From the music of the Cambodian language he made the most terrifying instrument of extermination.
Thaws, booms and blacklists: East European cinema 1948-80
Authors: Liehm A. J.
Published: October 2007

Freedom from market pressures, plus political uncertainty, sometimes makes good cinema
Ousmane Sembene and ‘Ceddo’: With excerpts from the Ceddo film script
Authors: Coad Malcolm
Published: October 2007

Sembene is Africa's leading film director, but his Ceddo is banned in Senegal
Censorship and Col Gaddafi
Authors: el-Manssoury F.
Published: October 2007

This account of censorship in Libya is based on first-hand knowledge of the early years of President Gaddafi's regime.
Reality and Literature in Latin America
Authors: Cortázar Julio
Published: October 2007

‘Our literature remains faithful to its destiny’
The Devil's understatement
Authors: Ware John
Published: October 2007

Dear Sir, Dan Jacobson's letter to The Times, ‘Censors, sense and Nonsense’, which was printed on the occasion of your publication's tenth anniversary, put the case for the devil of Censorship in an amusing and provocative way.
The interrupted congress
Authors: Taborski Boleslaw
Published: October 2007

Leading Polish writers, academics, composers, film-makers and theatre directors met in Warsaw on 11 December for what was to be a three-day Congress of Polish Culture. Two days were spent in fruitful discussion, but then the proceedings came to an unexpected and abrupt end with the declaration of martial law in the early hours of 13 December. Boleslaw Taborski, a Polish poet and translator living in London, here gives a personal account of the Congress which was attended by some 800 people, many of whom are now among those detained by the military authorities.
Interview with Ivan Kovalev
Authors: Daniels Guy
Published: October 2007

Last August, the KGB continued its round-up of Soviet human rights campaigners by arresting Ivan Kovalev, one of the last active members of the Moscow Helsinki Monitoring Group then still at liberty. A 27-year-old engineer, Kovalev had been working as a fireman after being ousted from his profession for his involvement in human rights activities. His father, biologist Sergei Kovalev, was arrested in 1974 and sentenced to seven years' labour camp and three in exile for his work on the sanizdat Chronicle of Current Events, while his wife, Tatiana Osipova, received a sentence of five years' labour camp and five exile last year as a member of the Helsinki watch group.

The following interview on the present situation and future prospects of the human rights movement in the USSR was made in the early part of 1981. (For earlier articles on the Soviet human rights movement in Index on Censorship 1/1975, Natalya Gorbanevskaya 1/1977 and Peter Reddeway 4/1980.)
Greek media since the elections: Following the election of the PASOK government the media are being liberalised.
Authors: McDonald Robert
Published: October 2007

Sweeping changes have taken place since the socialists came to power in Greece
The truth sometimes shocks: Dismissal, censorship and imprisonment have not deterred this champion of the cause of women and critic of Arab society
Authors: Saadawi Nawal el
Published: October 2007

Short story about a village girl's wedding night by a leading Egyptian champion of women's rights

‘Isn't the man who slaughters his sinned sister the same who makes sin with the sisters of men? Isn't the wolf who fools the innocent child the same as the father who locks and ties up his daughter? Isn't the man who is unfaithful to his wife the same man tho kills his wife to protect his honour? Isn't the wife who is unfaithful to her husband the same woman who gossips about other women? Isn't the society that broadcasts the love songs the same society that puts the noose around everyone that falls in love?’
A portrait of hell: Extract from the prize-winning novel El Color que el Infierno me Escondiera
Authors: Moreno Carlos Martinez
Published: October 2007

Excerpt from Moreno's prize-winning novel, The Colour Hell Kept from Me, published in Mexico last year

Born in Colonia, Uruguay, in 1917, Carlos Martinez Moreno was a prominent constitutional lawyer in his country before he was forced to leave following the military coup in 1973. He has also been a successful novelist, publishing ten novels since 1960, as well as being a regular contributor to what was Uruguay's foremost magazine of ideas. Marcha (see Index on Censorship 2/1979). After the military take-over, Martinez Moreno defended many people accused of political crimes, and acted on behalf of General Liber Seregni, who represented that sector of the armed forces still loyal to the constitution, and who had been a presidential candidate in 1971. Repeated threats and bomb attacks forced Martinez Moreno to leave Uruguay, and he has now taken up residence in Mexico, where in 1981 he published El Color que el Infierno me Escondiera (‘The Colour Hell Kept From Me’) from which the following chapter is taken. The novel was awarded first prize for books dealing with militarism in Latin America by a jury including Julio Cortázar, Ariel Dorfman, Gabriel Garcia Márquez, Carlos Quijano, and Julio Scherer Garcia; and has aroused a great deal of debate for the impression of utter hopelessness it conveys in its portrayal of a country and individual lives torn apart by violence, whether from the side of those in authority, who will destroy everything in their determination to remain in power, or from the guerrillas who had originally revolted against this state of affairs, but are now desperate and incoherent as they face defeat and death.
Open Letter to Ivan Klima
Authors: Benson Mary
Published: October 2007

One can be free externally and yet be internally unfree—that theme from your article in Index struck me powerfully. You spoke of visitors to Prague who asked how you could exist as a writer since you are not allowed to publish, and you remarked that these people probably never asked how did a writer exist who, while free to publish, actually had nothing to say, or for one reason or another desisted from saying it. To which I scribbled a note in the margin = me.
Colombia: new beginning?
Authors: Harding Colin
Published: October 2007

With the election of a new President at the end of May, there is a real prospect of internal peace in Colombia for the first time in almost 40 years. The President, Belisario Betancur Cuartas, has made friendly enough noises for the country's two main guerilla groups, M-19 and FARC (19 April Movement and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, respectively) to call a truce, and agree to meet him for peace negotiations.
Extolling the Party: Soviet broadcasting — censorship or responsibility?
Authors: Sapiets Janis
Published: October 2007

‘The task of the Soviet media is to propagate the Communist Party line — and nothing else’, while censorship also interferes with international TV exchanges
State and media — half a divorce: Radio and television in France
Authors: Hargrove Charles
Published: October 2007

‘Liberate information’ cried the French Socialists during the election campaign last year. How have they fared in reforming State radio and television?
New protests in Chile
Authors: Coad Malcolm
Published: October 2007

Chile's military regime in 1982 celebrated its ninth anniversary to the accompaniment of the most widespread and publicly expressed opposition since the coup of 11 September 1973. The collapse of its much-vaunted ‘economic miracle’ … most painfully demonstrated by devastated national industries, an unemployment rate of 25%, and a foreign debt estimated by some economists as the highest per capita in the world … has brought criticism from even the most ardent supporters of General Pinochet. As legal labour representatives became more vocal, leaders of the largest union federation, the National Trade Union Co-ordinating Body (CNS), were jailed, while in February the outspoken President of the Public Servants Union, Tucapel Jimenez, was found dead and mutilated by a roadside near Santiago. In the first six months of this year 837 people were charged with political offences, an increase of more than a third over the same period in 1981, while thousands more were detained on suspicion and reports of torture increased. Relations between the regime and the Church worsened, despite the latter's reining in of some of its human rights activity.
Passenger in transit
Authors: Valenzuela Tito
Published: October 2007

This second piece by a Latin American about exile explores through that experience many aspects of his people's ‘personality’ and the events leading to exile.

Tito Valenzuela is a 37-year-old Chilean poet and … now … novelist. After studying painting and graphic design at the School of Fine Arts of the University of Chile in Santiago, he worked during the years of Salvador Allende's Popular Unity government in film-making and television. A book of his poetry was published in 1971, and more appeared in an anthology of work by young Chilean poets in 1972. At the time of the military coup of 11 September 1973 he was working on a film on the nitrate mining area of northern Chile. During the coup the military raided his home, removing books and manuscripts. After living clandestinely for several months, Tito left the country for Peru. Unable to remain there he took up an offer by the United Nations to go to Rumania. Finding the atmsophere there restrictive and stifling, he left for Sweden, where he worked in a ham factory, then travelled on to Berlin and finally London in 1975. After a long battle with British immigration authorities he was given permission to stay.

Pasajero en transito (‘Passenger in Transil’) is Tito Valenzuelas's first novel, as yet unpublished. It concerns a young Chilean photographer, Ignacio (García, who is exiled (like the author) first in Bucharest and then in Stockholm. The protagonist's profession is itself an image of his psychological state, where the past freezes in the present, tending to mystification and distortion. By tracing Ignacio's obsessions in exile and the deterioration in the past of his relationship with Soledad … who disappears during the first days of the coup … the novel explores the Chile of both Allende and the months following the coup, as well as exile itself. The extract we publish finds Ignacio in Bucharest, playing chess with another exile, Pedro ‘El Peluca’ Morales, whose situation is also producing crisis and domestic rupture.

Certain references need explanation. Chileans make great use of nicknames, and most of the characters are referred to by these. El Peluca means ‘the wig’. Loco ‘crazy’ and El Caluga ‘the candy’ (as in sweet). Others have been translated - The Philologist, the Marquis. Coco is untranslatable. Huevón is the all-purpose Chilean interpolation, used incessantly, affectionately and in anger. Literally obscene, it means ‘big balls’. El Pedagogico is the Instituto Pedagogico, the Teacher Training Institute in Valparaiso. The Lebu was a ship used by the military as a prison during the military coup. Milico is slang for military. The tanquetazo was the attempted coup carried out by a tank regiment in June 1973.
Lebanon
Authors: Darwish Adel , Khalafallah Haifaa
Published: October 2007

During the recent Israeli bombardment of Beirut, an Egyptian journalist commented: ‘Most Arab rulers enjoy watching this because the sight of an Arab woman reading an uncensored book, printed in Beirut, would upset them far more than the sight of phosphorous-burnt children in a Beirut hospital.’
USSR
Authors: Alexeyeva Lyudmila
Published: October 2007

Conditions in Soviet penal institutions have in recent years become harsher than ever. In a report on the current status of political prisoners in the USSR, compiled by Lyudmila Alexeyeva and presented in New York on 1 August by its Executive Director, Jeri Laber, the New York based Helsinki Watch draws attention to a dangerous situation which leaves political prisoners ‘entirely helpless before the labour camp and prison authorities and the KGB’.

We print a slightly edited version of the report.
No Licence for Musical
Authors: Thiong'o Ngugi wa
Published: October 2007

Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's Maitũ Njugĩra was briefly seen in rehearsal
Marxist Musicians
Authors: Hamburger Paul
Published: October 2007

Hanns Eisler and Hans Werner Henze
Save these books: The defence statement of a Prague sociologist who was detained for helping banned writers
Authors: Ŝiklová Jiřina
Published: October 2007

The defence statement of a Prague sociologist who was detained for helping banned writers
‘I am Not an Afrikaner any More’
Authors: Breytenbach Breyten
Published: October 2007

The South African poet describes the background to his arrest in 1975, the years in prison, and his outlook after being released in 1982
Shall I be Deported from the USA?
Authors: Brutus Dennis
Published: October 2007

An interview with the writer who is one of South Africa's most determined opponents
Barred from Writing in Egypt
Authors: al-Naqqash Farida
Published: October 2007

The experience of a journalist who was critical of the government
Uphill Task for Malaysian Journalists
Authors: Pena Jiwa
Published: October 2007

The difficulties and dangers facing conscientious or critical newsmen
Catch 28
Authors: Rama Angel
Published: October 2007

Latin America's last three winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature are ‘Communist subversives’, according to the USA

Professor Angel Rama is one of Latin America's foremost literary critics, who has taught at many major universities in Latin America, Europe and the United States. He has published prolifically, including fourteen books on Latin American literature as well as scores of anthologies, critical editions, prologues and essays. In exile from his native Uruguay, he is currently Guggenheim Fellow at the University of Maryland, USA. However, in March 1982, the US immigration authorities suddenly announced that his permit to stay in the country would not be renewed (see Index on Censorship 3/1983 p 15). So Professor Rama became the latest in a considerable line of Latin American intellectuals to be banned from the USA for political reasons under the notorious Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, known as the McCarran-Walter Act. He is currently in Paris to do research for a major book on Latin American cultural history, and awaiting the result of his appeal against the order. In the following article, which is edited from a longer original in Quimera (Barcelona) No 26, December 1982, Professor Rama considers the background to the action against him.

Other articles dealing with this problem have appeared in Index 5/1980 p 6, 1/1981 p 38, and 3/1983 p 13. See also the Index Index entries under the USA in Index 2/1973, 3/1976, 4/1981 and 2/1983.