bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Image Denoising Scheme for Higher Noise Levels Using Spatial Domain Filters
Authors: Anchal Anchal , Budhiraja Sumit , Goyal Bhawna , Dogra Ayush , Agrawal Sunil
Published: June 2018

Image denoising is one of the fundamental image processing problem. Images are corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise during image acquisition and transmission over analog circuits. In medical images the prevalence of noise can be perceived as tumours or artefacts and can lead to first diagnosis. Similarly in satellite images the visibility of images is significantly degraded due to noise, hence the image denoising is of vital importance. There are many denoising mechanisms given in literature are able to work well on lower noise levels but their performance degrades with increasing noise levels. If higher amount of filtering is applied it leads to degradation or removal of edges from the image and hence significant information. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm in which we are able to address the problem of image denoising at higher noise levels while preserving the edge information. The standard bilateral filter does not provides good results at higher noise levels. Hence we proposed to combine robust bilateral filtering with anisotropic diffusion filtering as the anisotropic diffusion perform the smoothing of homogenous regions without blurring the edges. Experimental results show that the proposed method works better for higher Nosie levels in terms of PSNR values and Visual quality.
The Impact of Bisphosphonates on the Osteoclast Cells of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Patients
Authors: Dhiman Vandana , Aggarwal Anshita , Kumar Bhadada Sanjay , Sachdeva Naresh , Raj Gopinathan Nirmal , Dhawan D. K.
Published: June 2018

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are widely used for treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). However, prolonged use may be associated with suppression of bone turnover, the exact molecular mechanism of which is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on precursor osteoclasts by studying caspase 3 activity. A total of 15 children participated in the study (n = 10 OI patients, n= 5 controls). Out of the 10 OI children, 5 had received a cumulative dose of <30 mg and 5 received > 30 mg of ZOL. Isolated mononuclear cells were studied for caspase 3 activity from all study participants. The mean age of study participants was 7 ±1.5 years. Six of them had OI type IV, two had type III and one had types I & II each. Radiographs showed “zebra stripe sign” and dense metaphyses; suggestive of acquired osteosclerosis. Bone turnover markers (PINP and CTx) were suppressed in all OI patients compared to controls. Caspase-3 activity was significantly increased in precursor osteoclasts cells at higher doses of BPs (>30 mg). Overzealous use of ZOL in OI suppresses bone turnover markers (P1NP, CTx) causes osteosclerosis and increased expression of caspase 3 activity in precursor osteoclasts which results in adynamic bone.
Analyzing the Status of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Amid Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Shariful , Kanak Fatema , Iqbal Md. Asif , Faheema Islam Kazi , Al-Mamun Abdullah , Uddin Md. Sahab
Published: June 2018

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a collection of conditions characterized by stereo typed behaviors and narrow interests and pervasive problems with communication and social interactions. Globally, researchers are working on identifying the root cause and management of ASD. Although research on autism is at nascent stage in Bangladesh but in terms of social epidemicity, it is currently an utmost important issue. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of age, sex, birth weight, mother’s pregnancy duration, pregnancy time complicacy and genetic linkage on autism. The study also related, the socio-economic status of the autistic children and satisfaction of parent on government response in this issue. The study was conducted on 50 patients in 2 Autistic Schools (Bangladesh Protibondhi Foundation and Autistic Children Welfare Foundation, Bangladesh) of the Dhaka City from June 2010 to December 2010. Study related data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire In our study out of 50 children with autism 86% were male and 24% were in the age range between 73to 84 months. About 84% children with autism were lived in urban area and about 52% were belonging at the upper middle class. The main signs and symptoms observed, was prefer to play alone (i.e. 74%). Moreover 60% children with autism talks later than age 2 and 58% had poor eye contact. During our study we have observed that 14% children were linked by heredity and 10% have siblings with same problem. Rett syndrome (i.e. 40%) and autistic disorder (i.e., 32%) were more commonly observed. From the prescription, the study revealed, physicians diagnosed speech delay in 32% patient and 8% were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For treatment physicians mainly prescribes vitamins (i.e. 50%), antiepileptic drugs (i.e. 12%), and antipsychotic drugs (i.e. 4%). Besides most of the children were treated with physical and occupational therapy but no objection was found with vaccine. During our study we had observed that, 82% parents were not satisfied by the steps taken by the government yet. This study observed that, apart from alarming increase rate of autism in Dhaka City, modern diagnosis and medication facilities as well as therapies are deficit. Therefore, the new born babies and upcoming parents are at great risk due to insufficiency of awareness. So proper awareness programs and more facilities for autistic children should be introduced by both government and non-government sectors.
Systematic Approach on Evaluating the in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Violacein; Novel Isolate Chromobacterium Vaccinii CV5
Authors: T. S Vishnu , M. Palaniswamy
Published: June 2018

Violacein was isolated from Chromobacterium vaccinii CV5, a Gram negative bacterium collected from the Well water near a paddy field- Nedumangadu, Kerala, India. In the current antioxidant study, the activities of violacein were analyzed by different scavenging assay. In vitro antioxidant activity of violacein pigment was studied with the antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide DPPH, nitric oxide, hydroxyl and superoxide. The results suggest that the violacein possess potent activity of antioxidant against DPPH, superoxide, nitricoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl with IC50 values of 297.88 µg/mL, 312.89 µg/mL, 410.17 µg/mL, 296.74 µg/mL and 292.74 µg/mL respectively. The activity was comparable with the standard L-ascorbic acid. Natural compounds are very much used for the treatment of chronic diseases because of their effectiveness and have less harmful as compared to synthetic and artificial drugs. The present study’s shows the ability of the pigments as a source of natural antioxidants which has various applications in pharmaceutical industries.
Evaluation of Concentration Dependent Antimicrobial Efficacy of Herbal And Non Herbal Dentifrices against Salivary Microflora – An In vitro Study
Authors: S. Bedre Aroonika. , Arjunkumar Radhika , N. P Muralidharan
Published: June 2018

This study focuses on evaluating the concentration dependent antimicrobial efficacy of herbal dentifrice (tooth paste) in comparison with a conventional non dentifrice. One non -herbal dentifrice and three herbal dentifrices were selected for this study. Saliva samples were collected from 10 healthy individuals. All toothpaste samples were diluted in saline in 25%, 50% and 100% concentrations. Their antimicrobial activity was determined by modified agar well diffusion method. Five wells were cut at equidistance in each of the nutrient agar plates. The plates were seeded with saliva sample. Dentifrice dilutions were introduced into the wells. The plates were incubated overnight and the diameter of zones of inhibition was measured. The antimicrobial efficacy was similar in herbal and non-herbal dentifrices and also in their different concentrations. We can advocate herbal dentifrices, as there is a sudden surge in the concern over using chemical and non-herbal products. Thus, comparable properties with standard pastes makes herbal pastes a viable option for plaque control.
Role of Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) as Risk Factors of Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Surya Negara Ketut , Suwiyoga Ketut , Arijana Komang , Tunas Ketut
Published: June 2018

Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) is an obstetric problem related to the prevalence, prematurity, morbidity and mortality of perinatal. The etiology of PROM is multifactorial and the mechanism remains unclear. The weakening of amniotic membrane is suspected due to various biochemistry process that causing remodeling and apoptosis, and the stretch of the amniotic membrane. Apoptosis plays an integrated role in the pathogenesis of PROM. The mechanism of apoptosis is through caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathway. Apoptosis protein such as Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) as caspase independent are hypothesized to be involved as the risk factor of PROM. To determine the role of AIF as caspase independent in the mechanism of patogenesis of premature rupture of membranes. A case-control study with PROM as a case, and non-PROM as a control at 20-42 weeks gestation age. Amniotic tissue was taken after delivery of the placenta. Immunohistochemical examination of AIF was done at Integrated Lab. Biomedic Medical Faculty of Udayana University in Bali. The study was conducted on 37 cases of PROM and 46 cases non PROM. There was no characteristic difference between the case and control groups (p>0.05). The expression of positive AIF is a risk factor of PROM of 5.10 times (OR = 5.10; CI 95% = 1.86 to 13.96 ; p = 0.001). AIF expression was more in the group of PROM. AIF expression is a risk factor for premature rupture of membranes.
Some Phenotypic Characteristics of Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Strains with Defective Functions of the Sestrin (cSesn) gene
Authors: Zeltukhin A. O. , Ilyinskaya G. V. , Budanov A. V. , Chumakov P. M.
Published: June 2018

In mammals a small family of genes called Sestrins play important roles in the maintenance of metabolic and redox homeostasis, suggesting that the genes may positively affect the lifespan and counteract the age-related functional decline. The nematode genome contains a single cSesn gene that makes the Caenorhabditis elegans an excellent model for studying functions of the sestrin family. We describe phenotypic differences of worms that have compromised expression of cSesn gene. By comparing three different cSesn-deficient modes with the wild-type C. elegans strain we show that the abrogation of cSesn expression results in an increased body size, an extended period of body growth, a reduces brood size and number of offspring per a single worm, an accelerated decline in muscular functions revealed as a rapid decrease in the pharyngeal pumping rate and in the overall locomotory activity. The results are consistent with the potential roles of cSesn in counteracting the process of aging in C. elegans.
Effect of Lifestyle Intervention on Medical Treatment Cost and Health-Related Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Kumari Girija , Singh Vikram , Dahiya Saurabh , Kumar Jhingan Ashok , Chhajer Bimal
Published: June 2018

Diabetes is a costly, lifestyle disorder which increases the burden of disease and deteriorates the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of diabetes patients and this study was conducted to assess the effect of lifestyle intervention on medical treatment cost and HRQOL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This quasi-experimental prospective study was conducted in Delhi Diabetes Research Center, New Delhi and included 224 T2DM patients. Patients were divided into LMC and usual care group on the basis of receiving or not receiving lifestyle modification counseling. The follow-up of both groups was done at 6th and 12th months. Collected data were analyzed through IBM, SPSS software v 21 for mean, median (min-max), SD, t-test and Wilcoxon scores (rank sums) test. The results of this study showed a statistically significant reduction in diabetes medication costs, hospitalization and surgery costs in the LMC group as compared to the usual care group. The significant improvement was also observed in HRQOL domains which includes - physical functioning (62.40±6.738 to 83.67 ± 5.4920), physical health (35.30±22.069 to 64.50±13.62), emotional problem (37.90±28.93 to71.46±16.75), energy (54.31±11.858 to 80.75 ± 15.52), emotional well-being (63.06± 9.828 to 85.79±6.36), social functioning (38.848±20.805 to 65.54±8.39) and general health (54.51±11.679 to 82.398± 11.7) at 12th month follow up in LMC group. The ADS score also showed significant improvement in overall HRQOL of LMC group. This study concludes that lifestyle intervention may improve HRQOL and reduce medical treatment cost of T2DM patients.
Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Age on Pulmonary Function Tests in ≥ 40 Years Old Adults in Jordan
Authors: Rawashdeh Arwa , Alnawaiseh Nedal
Published: June 2018

Pulmonary function testing is a physiological test that measures the air volume that an individual inhales or exhales as a function of time. Smoking is greatly associated with reduction of pulmonary function. The aim of the present study was thus to estimate forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) in adults aged ≥ 40 years with smoking history. Smoking is often related to obstructive disorders, as indicated by low FVC, FEV1, and MVV values. These pulmonary functions were analyzed based on several variables, such as number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking duration and age. The study sample comprised of 100 healthy adult smokers. All participants were interviewed to obtain information related to their lifestyle and smoking habit. After analyzing the FVC, FEV1, and MVV results using SPSS software, we noted that their values were conversely related to participant age and smoking duration.
Fundus Image Classification Using Wavelet Based Features in Detection of Glaucoma
Authors: Selvathi D. , Prakash N. B. , Gomathi V. , Hemalakshmi G. R.
Published: June 2018

Glaucoma frequently called as the "noiseless hoodlum of sight". The main source of visual impairment worldwide beside Diabetic Retinopathy is Glaucoma. It is discernible by augmented pressure inside the eyeball result in optic disc harm and moderate however beyond any doubt loss of vision. As the renaissance of the worsened optic nerve filaments isn't suitable medicinally, glaucoma regularly goes covered up in its patients anticipating later stages. All around it is assessed that roughly 60.5 million individuals beyond 40 years old experience glaucoma in 2010. This number potentially will lift to 80 million by 2020. Late innovation in medical imaging provides effective quantitative imaging alternatives for the identification and supervision of glaucoma. Glaucoma order can be competently done utilizing surface highlights. The wavelet channels utilized as a part of this paper are daubechies, symlet3 which will expand the precision and execution of classification of glaucomatous pictures. These channels are inspected by utilizing a standard 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) which is utilized to separate features and examine changes. The separated features are sustained into the feed forward neural system classifier that classifies the normal images and abnormal glaucomatous images.
Protective Effect of Inulin and the Integrity of the Microvasculature in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Girgiss Nicola Wassef , Wassef Girgiss Mina , Mohamed Ezz El-Arab Aly , Fakhry Habib Dawoud , qElsayed Elnemr Mohamed , Mohamed Ahmed Nadia , Refaat Youness Eman
Published: June 2018

Type 2 diabetic microangiopathy affects every organ in the body and can lead to serious incapacitating complications. VLDL and apo C1 are two of the main biochemical abnormalities which start and propagate this condition. Inulin fructans prebiotic effect on the colonic flora enhance the bifidogenic strains. These predominate over the pathogenic strains which encourage lipidogenesis, thus reducing hyperlipidemia. Our aim is to find out the possible effect of inulin ingestion on the metabolism of VLDL and apo C1 and their role in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy Twenty eight obese type 2 diabetic female patients were subjected to this study. Each patient ingested 4 grams of inulin daily for 3 weeks. Their fasting serum level of VLDL and apo C1 were estimated before and after the period of inulin ingestion. There was a significant decrease in fasting level of serum VLDL and apo C 1 after inulin ingestion period. In conclusion inulin can be given as a protective and as an add on therapy for type 2 diabetic patients. It reduces two of the main culprits which start and propagate the pathologic pathway of diabetic microangiopathy. This cuts short the other offenders (small HDL, small dense LDL and the small VLDL remnants).
Molecular Detection of Some Virulence Traits among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates, Hilla-Iraq
Authors: O. M. Al-Dahmoshi Hussein , S. Al-Khafaji Noor , Abdulzahra Jeyad Ahmed , Khaleel Shareef Hasanain , F. Al-Jebori Rafah
Published: June 2018

Wound infections regards one of the most common infections encountered in hospital records. Pseudomonas aeruginosa regard the 3rd common pathogen among healthcare-related infections. Their ability to adapt to different conditions and presence of pool of virulence factors may render their infections delay in healing. During a period of six months 114 wound swabs were collected and inoculated on Pseudomonas chromogenic agar and then Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated confirmed by PCR using specific primer for 16S rDNA gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecular investigation of some virulence factor like ExoA, OprL, OprI, LasI and LasB were performed using a sets of specific primer pairs. The results revealed that only 26 (22.8%) isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the coexistence of more than one virulence factors within the same isolates was also recorder. OprI and LasB were most common followed by LasI, ExoA and OprL. Occurrence of virulence factor genes were 12(46.15%) for exoA, oprL was 11(42.3%), oprI was 22(84.61%), lasI was 14(53.84%) and lasB was 18(69.23%). Results of this study can lead us to conclude that P. aeruginosa have an arrays of virulence traits via which can adapt to different conditions and so cause a wide-ranging of hard to cured infections and the delay in healing and worseness degree may be attributed to owning multivirulence factors.
Choice of Rotary Instrument Usage among Endodontists – A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Patturaja Kiruthika , Leelavathi L. , S Jayalakshmi
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study is to find the rotary instrument usage and preferred brand of rotary instrument among endodontists working in dental colleges, Chennai. A rotary instrument is used to remove or reduce tooth matter and to shape teeth during endodontic procedure. Rotary instrument includes burs and endodontic files. Various brands of rotary instruments are currently available in the market which includes dentsply protaper, Mtwo, endostar, k3 XF files, Heroshaper etc. The choice of rotary instrument by a dentist is governed by various factors like their efficiency, ductility, sharpness, cross section and flexibility. An online questionnaire based study was conducted among 97 endodontists working in dental colleges in Chennai. A total of 10 questions consisting of both open ended and close ended questions related to usage, preferred brand and properties were included in the questionnaire . Datas were collected from the filled questionnaire and analysed. Descriptive statistics was used. From the study it was reported that 88% of endodontists use rotary instruments for endodontic procedures in their clinical practice. The most preferred brand of rotary instrument used by endodontists is Mtwo (40%) because of its good cutting ability and shaping followed by 20% k3, 18% protaper, 6% heroshaper and 36% combination of different rotary instruments. Majority of the endodontists preferred using rotary instruments and nearly half of them opt to use mtwo file in their clinical practice.
Beneficial Effects of Curcumin in Maternal and Fetal Oxidative Stress and Brain Damage Induced by Gestational Lead Administration
Authors: Saleh Hamid A. , S. Abd El-Aziz Gamal , N. Mustafa Hehsam , El-Fark Magdy , Mansour Tashkandi Jawad , Hassan Alzahrani Anas , Mal Ahmed , AboRass Magda , Halim Deifalla Abdel
Published: June 2018

This study was planned to explore the protective role of curcumin (Cur) against maternal and fetal oxidative stress and cerebral damage induced by lead (Pb) during pregnancy. Positively pregnant female rats were divided into seven groups: control group, Cur group (300 mg/kg of Cur/b.wt.), DMSO group (50% DMSO), two Pb-treated groups (exposed to 160 and 320 mg/kg b.wt./day of Pb acetate, respectively), and two groups treated with both Pb and Cur (exposed to Pb as previous groups together with 300 mg/kg b.wt./day of Cur). Treatments through oral gavage once a day started from gestation day 1 (GD1) till day 20 (GD20), where the mother rats of different experimental groups were sacrificed to obtain the fetuses. Different chemical parameters were assessed. Brain specimens of mother and fetal groups were processed with examination. The results displayed that Pb administration to pregnant rats resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses. Also, there was a significant rise in lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in the brains of the different Pb-treated groups. The histological examination of the brain of treated dams and fetuses showed marked alterations. Co-treatment of Cur along with Pb caused a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone, improving the oxidative condition with amelioration of the brain’s histopathological changes. Co-administration of Cur could have ameliorative effect against Pb-induced neurotoxicity through the reduction of oxidative stress and reversal of histopathological changes.
Profiling of Microrna Expression within the Cells of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear after an Infection with Serotype-2 of Dengue Virus: Preliminary Study
Authors: Masyeni Sri , Hadi Usman , Kuntaman K , Dewi Yorapermata
Published: June 2018

The role of microRiboNucleic Acids (miRNA), a small-non coding RNA has been associated with immune regulation in various viral infectionincluding dengue infection. The microRNA will bind a specific protein target in order to encourage an explosive expression of various cytokines, known as cytokines storm in Dengue infection.The objective of this study aimed to determine and evaluate themicroRNAs profile expression withinperipheral blood mononuclear cells having been infected with one of the dengue virus serotype.To obtained the PBMCs from a healthy donor, Ficoll density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate the PBMCs and then followed infecting it with a DENV-2 clinical isolate. Prior to PBMCs isolation, the virus has been propagated and having titration to get an optimal virus titer. We conducted the infection at the multiplication of infections 4 PFU/106 cells.MiRCURYLNATMExiqon was utilized on purpose to extract the RNA. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was applied in order for the miRNAs relative expression to be measured. The preliminary result reveals that miR-150, miR-146a, hsa-let-7e expression were increased 1.74 folds, 2 folds, and 1.49 foldsrespectively at 12 hours post-infection on PBMCs upon DENV-2 infection.The expression of microRNAswas discovered to behigher inPBMCsat the time of infection withDENV-2.ThemiRNAs expression in the uninfected PMBCs was lower than that of the miRNA. This high expression of miRNAsin dengue infection may proceedto dengue infection pathogenesis.
Effect of Potentially Inappropriate Medication on Treatment Adherence in Elderly with Chronic Illness
Authors: Pradhan Supriya , Panda Abinash
Published: June 2018

Non-adherence to treatment has been associated with poor clinical outcomes, especially in vulnerable population like, the elderly. In general, the adherence to medication and use of a potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) may range from 47 to 100% and 20 to 25% respectively, in elderly. PIM is associated with increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR) which is a recognized determinant of adherence. The present study was taken up with the primary objective of exploring the influence of potentially inappropriate medication on adherence to drug treatment in elderly patients with chronic illnesses. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital, on a convenience sample of 425 elderly patients. Medication adherence was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. PIM was assessed as per the American Geriatric Society (AGS) Beers Criteria of 2015. Ordinal regression method was used to analyze the relationship between the ordinal outcome variable (adherence) and the explanatory variables. The study observed that about 48% of the elderly patients were found to be non-adherent to treatment. An inappropriate drug was prescribed in 23.8%. Elderly patients with a potentially inappropriate medication were twice likely be non-adherent to treatment than those without a PIM (OR: 2.089 with CI: 1.277-3.419, p = 0.003). The present study concluded that potentially inappropriate medication is an important predictor of medication adherence in elderly. Since, high adherence level to medication among patients is widely reported to be associated with higher treatment efficacy, identifying the factors that lead to poor medication adherence is essential for the success of a therapy. Prescribers should carefully assess the appropriateness of medications in elderly to improve their adherence to therapy.
Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Varnish in Patients Undergoing Multibracket Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Sehgal Arjun , Shetty Siddarth , M. V Ashith , Philip Jose Nidhin , Mangal Utkarsh
Published: June 2018

During fixed orthodontic treatment, maintenance of a good gingival health is challenging. This necessitates use of prophylactic measures, such as use of fluoridated tooth pastes and application of varnish. Use of chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish, is believed to reduce the bacterial count and have a longer duration of action, by virtue of sustained release. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to assess the clinical effects of chlorhexidine varnish (Cervitec plus) on plaque accumulation and gingival health during multibracketorthodontic treatment.
Reasons and Associated Problems for Not Replacing Lost Teeth: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Natarajan Parthasarathy , Madhankumar Seenivasan , Jeyapalan Karthigeyan , Natarajan Shanmuganathan , Kumar V. Anand , Sruthi R.
Published: June 2018

To find out and to understand the reasons and the associated problems for not substituting the lost teeth and to make an attempt in reducing the possible cause of not replacing the missing teeth. A total of 300 patients who had visited to the Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Medical college & research institute with aged above 25 years with as a minimum of one missing teeth (excluding third molars) not replaced for more than three months and have visited the Institute other than for replacement of the missing teeth were selected. The study includes a predesigned and structured questionnaire containing seven (closed end) questions and followed by clinical examination recording the number and positions of the missing teeth. All the data were statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis shows the 42% of the patients find economical reason as the main hurdle for the replacement of the teeth followed by 33% of patients finds lack of time and remaining 25% of the patients are unaware of replacing the missing teeth. The 62% of male patients were found to be not pleased with their existing oral condition in terms of mastication of food & whereas 61% of female patients were found to be not satisfied with the aesthetics of the present dentition. Out of the various reasons, the economic reasons was the key reason for non- replacement of missing teeth. The patients having missing posterior teeth had more than the one-year duration of edentulousness. It can be suggested that, to reduce the economic burden in replacing the missing teeth, the Government of India and the insurance providers can include the dental treatment in their list of treatment covered by the health insurance.
Assessment of Immediate Loading with Mini-Implant Anchorage in Critical Anchorage Cases Between Stainless Steel Versus Titanium Miniscrew Implants: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: M. V Ashith , Shetty B.K. , Shekatkar Yash , Mangal Utkarsh , K Mithun
Published: June 2018

Anchorage in orthodontics is a decisive factor in progress and outcome of a case. With the advent of mini-implants, great advances have been achieved in terms of absolute anchorage. The following article compares the use of stainless steel and titanium implants in a split mouth, controlled clinical study, having direct in vivo comparison. 10 patients were selected for the same and carefully evaluated. The mini-implants were placed in the buccal mucosa, under local anaesthesia, after radiographic safe zone selection. The loading protocol was standardised with low immediate load, followed by incremental load up to 150g. For the study, the cases planned with en-masse retraction of the anteriors into the premolar space were selected for the uniformity in mechanics. The results are discussed with comparative analysis between the two materials and their success rate individually and in relation to upper and lower jaw respectively. In results, a significant success rate has been found with use of titanium implants, with higher implant failure in upper jaw compared to lower jaw.
Low Expression Of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-me) On Placenta Tissue As A Risk Factor Of Pre-eclampsia
Authors: Kusuma A A N Jaya , K Suwiyoga , A N Mantik , D M Sukrama
Published: June 2018

Pre-eclampsia (PE) still a problem of Maternal Fetal Medicine service related to high incidence, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Pre-eclampsia is caused by pregnancy, however, the mechanism has not been established so it is still a disease of theories. This relates to differences in treatment, resulting in different ways of prevention and output of PE itself. Recently, the role of 2-ME was suspected to be very important in the mechanism of the PE. Meanwhile, the placenta acts as a source regulatory protein production, so that the material of this study was taken from placental tissue. The study objective was to prove the low 2-ME expression in the placenta as a risk factors for PE and a case control study has been conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology Sanglah Hospital with 62 samples in 2015. The case group consisted of 31 mother with PE and control groups consisted of 31 non-PE mother. The study material is a placental tissue. Examination of 2-ME expression with ELISA techniques in Pathobiology Laboratory Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Udayana University. Data were analyzed with chi square test and discriminant using SPSS. The statistical test results are presented in tabular form and narrative. In this study, it was found that low expression of 2-ME increased the risk of PE 5 times higher (OR = 5.23; CI95% = 1.75 to 15.55; p = 0.002
Study on PIK3CA Gene Mutations in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma among South Indian populations
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy Jayalalitha , Shyam Sundar Vidyarani , Babu N. Aravindha , Shanmugham Subbaih , .G.Mani Jagadeesan , Chinnaiyan Ponnuraja , Kalyanaraman Aparna , Hari Rajeswary
Published: June 2018

The present investigation was performed in South Indian Populations to determine the hotspot mutation frequency in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients with PIK3CA gene Exon 9 and Exon 20 and its correlations with help of their clinical characteristics leading to these mutations. PI3KCA belongs to a group of regulatory heterodimeric lipid kinase which is involved in proliferation of cells, apoptosis and as well in metastasis which is controlled by PIK3CA gene is subjected to high frequency of somatic mutation in various tumors including OSCC. Total of 25 OSCC patients samples comprising of male and female subjects from Government tertiary care Centre were included in this study. Tumor specimen samples were collected and amplified for PIK3CA gene by PCR and subjected to genomic DNA Sequencing. Our findings showed total of 20% of oncogenic frequency in PIK3CA gene. We also observed two hot spot mutations (E545K) in exon 9 gene and three hot spot mutations (H1047Q, H1047Y, H1048Q) in exon 20 gene in our study populations. 0 Based on our findings it may be concluded that PIK3CA gene Exon 9 and Exon 20 contributes to a major role in pathogenesis on OSCC among South Indian populations may act as therapeutic target for a anticancer drug for the treatment OSCC.
TCF7L2 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, A Pilot Study
Authors: Mandour Iman , Darwish Rania , Fayez Randa , Naguib Mervat , El-Sayegh Sarah
Published: June 2018

Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) variants are known risk factors of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).However, this association is not consistent among different populations. The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between rs 7903146, rs 12255372 variants of TCF7L2 and susceptibility to T2DM and different metabolic parameters in a cohort of Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients. This case control study included 60 diabetic patients and 60 matched unrelated healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by using Real Time-PCR. The frequency of genotypes, alleles, anthropometric measures, glycemic indices, HOMA-IR and lipid profile were evaluated in patients and control. Regarding rs 7903146, TT genotype was more frequent in healthy controls (43.3%) than diabetic patients (20%) (OR = 0.291, 95% CI = 0.108-0.788, P = 0.015). T allele was more frequent in healthy control (61.7%) than diabetic patients (44.2%) and it was associated with lower risk of diabetes (OR = 0.492, 95% CI = 0.294-0.823, P = 0.007).However, there was no significant difference between patients with CC, CT and TT genotypes of rs7903146 regarding HbA1C (p=0.549), HOMA-IR (p=0.359), total cholesterol (p=0.482). In contrast, T allele of rs12255372 had no significant relation to diabetes risk (OR = 0.602, 95% CI = 0.361-1.005, P = 0.052). There was no statistically significant difference of frequency of any rs12255372 genotypes between cases and controls In addition, patients with GG,GT, TT genotypes of rs12255372 had no significant difference regarding HbA1C (p=0.393), HOMA-IR (p=0.985), total cholesterol (p=0.368). The study confirmed the association of TCF7L2 (rs 7903146) and T2DM, while failed to detect any association between TCF7L2 (rs 12255372) and susceptibility to T2DM. No significant difference in respect to metabolic parameters between different genotypes of rs7930146 and rs12255372.
Quantification of Nitric oxide in Multiple Myeloma Algerian Patients Using R&D and Arbor Assays Kits
Authors: Otmani Khawla , Naimi Dalila , Mentaverri Romuald , Objois Thibaut , Nadiabouderssa Nadiabouderssa , Pierre Marolleau Jean
Published: June 2018

Nitric oxide (NO) is an instable free radical considered as a marker of physiological and pathological processes. NO quantification is very sensitive and shows a great variability because of the NO short life time. Myeloma bone diseases (MBD) constitute one of the most visible aspects in MM cancer, which is a favorable microenvironment for the promotion of communication between malignant plasma cells and other cell types using cellular messengers including NO. On the other hand, many researchers have confirmed the association of osteoporosis with a high concentration of (NO), which has been proven to play a primary role in bone remodeling. The relationship between plasma NO concentration and MM pathology is poorly documented. This work aimed to study the variability of NO quantification using R&D and Arbor assays kits in plasma MM patients in comparison with osteoporosis (OP) patients as positive control. MM and OP blood samples were obtained from patients in three hospitals at the East of Algeria. The results showed a slight similarity (21.56%) between NOx concentrations assayed with two kits, that the average concentration of NOx in MM patients(54, 22μM / l ±20, 06μM/l) was higher than the average concentration of NOx in patients with OP (48,34μM/l ±16,71μM /l). Our results confirmed an important difference and variability in NO quantification Thus the high NOx level production in MM patients comparing with OPpatients was noticed.
GC MS Analysis of One Ayurvedic Preparation ‘Aswagandharishtam
Authors: Kotteswari M. , Rao M. R. K. , Kumar Siva , Prabhu K. , Sundaram R. Lakshmi , Dinakar Shruthi
Published: June 2018

Aswagandharishtam is classical medicine for diseases pertaining to nervous system and digestive system prepared by a number of plants and plant parts. The present work is to know the types of biomolecules present in it by GC MS analysis. Aswagandharishtam was procured from standard Ayurvedic outlet and was subjected to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry after due processing. The GC MS analysis of Aswagandharishtam has shown some promising molecules like Prostaglandin A2, Cholesterol, Piperine, Gentamicin a, d-Mannose, Eugenol, Pipradrol among others, which have activities similar to that of Aswagadharistham. This is a preliminary report where some clue about the various types of biomolecules present in Aswagandharishtam was obtained. Further work is on to prove the efficacy of this medicine by other parameters.
Analysis of Susceptibility Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Isolation, Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages Targeting Multi Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Natrajan Arumugam Shri , Chickamagalur Rudraradhya Akarsh , Sadagopan Sathish , Sukumaran Sunilkumar , Sambasivam Ganesh , Ramesh Nachimuthu
Published: June 2018

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be a major cause of Hospital Acquired Infections leading to high mortality in immune-compromised patients. Due to precipitous rise in antibiotic resistance, bacteriophages are significant alternative therapeutic approach for treatment and to combat resistance development. Objective of the current study was to identify MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical isolates and to isolate bacteriophages from sewage samples against these MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. One hundred and forty-four Pseudomonas isolates were tested for their susceptibility pattern with 13 different antibiotics by micro-broth dilution method. Frequency of multidrug resistant (MDR) and Extensive Drug resistant (XDR) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be 35.5% and 23.6%, respectively. 7.61% isolates were identified as Pan drug resistant (PDR). Rate of susceptibility pattern were Piperacillin/Tazobactam 75%, Polymyxin B 74.6%, Meropenem 73.6%, Colistin 69.2%, Cefepime 54.9%, Ciprofloxacin 54.2%, Gentamicin 54.2%, Aztreonam 53.5%, Tobramycin 47.9%, Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid 46.9%, Ertapenem 45.8%, Ceftazidime 40.3% and Imipenem 39.2%. Ninety-four bacteriophages were isolated from sewage samples against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1/ATCC9027/clinical strains and host range testing study was carried out with all MDR clinical isolates. Among 51 MDR strains 34 strains were infected by phages. Phage infectivity rate were calculated for individual phages based on their host range infectivity results. AP025 and AP006 phages exhibited good infectivity rate of 39% and 30% respectively against MDR strains. Combination of 5 phages (AP002, AP006, AP011, AP025 and AP067) lysed 62.7% of the strains. Based on the obtained results, phages could be employed for treatment of infections caused by MDR strains with substantiated in-vivo experiments.
Computer Aided Diagnosis System To Distinguish Adhd From Similar Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Shankar Beriha Siba
Published: June 2018

ADHD is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorder of childhood, characterized by inattention and distractibility, with or without accompanying hyperactivity. The main aim of this research work is to develop a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) technique with minimal steps that can differentiate the ADHD children from the other similar children behavioral disorders such as anxiety, depression and conduct disorder based on the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal features and symptoms. The proposed technique is based on soft computing and bio inspired computing algorithms. Four non-linear features are extracted from the EEG such as Higuchi fractal dimension, Katz fractal dimension, Sevick fractal dimension and Lyapunov exponent and 14 symptoms which are most important in differentiation are extracted by experts in the field of psychiatry. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tuned Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and PSO tuned Radial Basis Function (RBF) employed as a classifier. By investigating these integrated features, we obtained good classification accuracy. Simulation results suggest that the proposed technique offer high potential in the diagnosis of ADHD and may be a good preliminary assistant for psychiatrists in diagnosing high risk behavioral disorders of children.
The Rationale of Caffeine Consumption and Its Symptoms During Preparatory and Non-preparatory Days: A Study among Medical Students
Authors: Lakshmi Devi S Shree , S. C Abilash , S Basalingappa
Published: June 2018

Caffeine is the most widely used pharmacologically active substance in the world. Medical students are more prone for consumption of caffeine drinks and they are posed for high stress and heavy study hours. The study was postulated in order to know the reasons, circumstances under which students consume caffeine and the symptoms that they face due to caffeine consumption. The current study is a cross sectional study. The participants were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. About 150 students participated in the study. Self-assessment questionnaire was distributed among the willing students. The data was collected and statistically analysis was done. The study showed that majority of medical students where low consumers of caffeine during regular days whereas during exam days the amount of consumption shifts more towards moderate intake category. Commonest reason and circumstance behind caffeine intake was to keep them more alert and to study for exam. The symptom they faced often was loss of sleep and during exam days, other CNS related effects were also noted. The future healthcare relies on today’s medical students who are in a responsible position to provide complete education to the community about the consequences of consuming caffeine drinks. For which the students should be aware of caffeine’s implication on one’s health. Medical students must be postulated to various awareness programs about alternative nutrients filled diet for their long lasting health benefits.
TRUE (Trauma Responders Unify to Empower) Communities: An evolution of empowerment
Authors: Swaroop Mamta
Published: June 2018

How one Chicago trauma surgeon created a first-responder course to enable bystanders from all walks of life to treat gunshot victims in the city.
Apply to court?
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: June 2018

Each month we take a close look at a recent legal case with implications for the surgical profession.
The aftermath of the Sellu case for law and the medical profession
Authors: McDonald Peter , Vaughan Jenny
Published: June 2018

What the appeals of David Sellu and Hadiza Bawa-Garba could mean for honest reporting of 'errors' in the future.
Leadership in medicine
Authors: Lyons Oscar , Canter Richard
Published: June 2018

Why we need to develop leadership training much earlier in medical careers.
Producing 3D printed hand models for anatomy education using cadaveric dissection: a feasibility study
Authors: Dhumale SR , Barraclough TW , Stokes A , Lam W
Published: June 2018

What are the potential benefits and problems?
For trainees by trainees: taking education into our own hands
Authors: Cooper L , Ford K
Published: June 2018

The problems, plus-points and practicalities encountered by two trainee surgeons who organised three training events.
Making care a business
Authors: Simmons Gerald
Published: June 2018

What changes across the US healthcare industry mean for dentistry as a business.
Policy spotlight
Authors: Davies John
Published: June 2018

This regular feature aims to provide key political news in relation to dentistry and an update on the Faculty’s policy activities. You can find out more in the Government Relations and Media sections of the FDS website.
What adverse effects does tooth-whitening have on dental restorations?
Authors: Ooi Jessica , Puryer James
Published: June 2018

We consider how compelling the evidence for the damaging effects of this cosmetic procedure are.
Radical practice: Devising as activism
Authors: Nelson Bethany
Published: June 2018

This article considers the intersection between theories of radical activism and the use of applied theatre for social justice outcomes, using EmersonTHEATRE as an exemplar. EmersonTHEATRE is a project in its fifth year of creating devised theatre with urban high school students and young adults – primarily of colour – around the issues that inform their lives. The student-driven transition from its early goals (leadership and critical thinking skills development and awareness of social inequity) to a radical posture (focused on audience education and the demand for change) is considered through the lens of activist theorists, including Marx, Gramsci, Alinsky, Freire, Apple, Chomsky, Giroux, Gillen and Sanders. The following question is asked: If applied theatre as a form can be employed for radical activism, how can we best use this powerful tool for change to ‘bend the arc of the universe towards justice’?
Life stories as democracy in the classroom
Authors: Ulvund Marit
Published: June 2018

This article discusses performative work with life-stories in the classroom. The research finds that this kind of practice has the potential to strengthen interaction, encourage the discussion of values and support understanding of democracy. The research is grounded in the author’s practice-led Ph.D. project, ‘Echo Theatre: From Experience to Performance’, which documents and discusses staging life-stories in the classroom. Complementary inquiries are made in narrative theory, identity and self-understanding, democracy, cultural mediation and liberation. This study finds that telling and staging the participants’ individual small stories, exemplified through the method of Echo Theatre, helps to strengthen the participants’ identity, reflection and self-reflexivity. The stories performed facilitate a space for negotiation of attitudes and values that is particularly needed in our time, and in this way a performative storytelling practice can provide classroom support for the understanding of democracy.
Handle with care: Contains poet snow! Remediation as drama pedagogical method
Authors: Kusk Hanne
Published: June 2018

In the laboratory at the Nordic Drama Boreale, we experimented with remediation using Mette Hegnhøj’s book Ella is My Name: Do You Want to Buy It? This article unpacks remediation as a method for inspiration in drama pedagogical practice. We found that different aesthetic forms of expression contribute to a synergy, providing an experience of ‘entering the book’. We also discovered that remediation can promote the poetic in teaching and that the process of remediating from book to drama occurs at a crossover between performance and drama education, where the participants are both spectators and performers. The forms of experience and investigation of remediation in the laboratory can thus contribute to drama pedagogical methodology through the incorporation of new and experimental books, theatrical forms and interactive media.