bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Drift Detection Based Adaptive Ensemble Model with Different Drift Detection Techniques
Authors:   M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India., Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Ravendra ,   M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India.
Published: June 2021

Stream data mining is a popular research area these days. The concept drift detection and drift handling are the biggest challenges of stream data mining. Several drift detection algorithms have been developed which can accurately detect various drifts but have the problem of false-positive drift detection. The false-positive drift detection leads to the performance degradation of the classifier because of unnecessary training in between analyses. Classifier ensemble has shown its efficiency for drift detection, drift handling, and classification. But the ensemble classifiers could not detect the exact position of drift occurrence, so it has to update itself at some fixed interval, which leads to an unnecessary computational burden on the system. Combining the drift detection algorithm with an ensemble classifier can improve the performance and also solve the problems of false-positive drift detection and unnecessary updating of the ensemble classifier. In this paper, a model is proposed that creates a weighted adaptive ensemble classifier by updating it only when a drift detection signal is given by the used drift detection method. The proposed model is evaluated on text-based stream data for sentiment analysis and opinion mining with multiple drift detection algorithms and with multiple classification algorithms as base classifiers for the ensemble. A comparative analysis has been done, and the results have shown the efficiency of the proposed models.
Investigating the nexus between the types of advertising messages and customer engagement: Do customer involvement and generations matter?
Authors: Msallati Amani
Published: June 2021

Through the theoretical lenses of the Elaboration likelihood model, this research develops an experimental study to examine the cause-and-effect relationship of two advertising message types, drawn from the two routes of persuasion (peripheral route and central route), on consumers’ online brand-related activities (COBRAs) and its three key behavioral types of customer engagement, namely, consuming, contributing, and creating. The moderating effect of generations and the mediating role of personal relevance (involvement) were investigated in the proposed research model. Drawing on a sample of 202 students from a University in North Cyprus, the results of the study revealed that consumer engagement level differs between the two message types, in particular, when the cognitive copy ad is shown, the three COBRA engagement levels tend to be higher than when the emotional copy is given. The findings indicate different levels of personal relevance between the two messages with higher involvement in the cognitive appeal. Further, consumer generation served as a moderator in the study, and that people from generations X, Y, and Z evaluated the advertising stimulus differently. The findings of this research extend the literature with theoretical and managerial contributions to social media marketing.
Multiculturalism, Living Qur’an Islamic Objectives: Muhammadiyah’s Portrait In West Papua
Authors: Firdaus Muhammad Adnan , Abdurahman Dudung , Muri Salampessy Yusuf , Rasid Ruslan
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The topic of Multiculturalism Living Quran Muhammadiyah Papua and Application of Islamic Objectification Theory Kuntowijoyo intends to highlight the application of Da'wah bil regards Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah West Papua. Where is the application of da'wah bil hal Muhammadiyah West Papua by pioneering educational institutions from kindergarten to college, religious institutions such as mosques, pesantren, taklim assemblies, missionary corps and so on. Social institutions such as orphanages. Economic institutions such as Baitul Maal wa Attamwil (BMT). Philanthropic institutions such as Lazis Muhammadiyah. Health institutions such as clinics, and others. In the opinion of the author, once again, is the application of da'wah bil hal. Where the da'wah bil thing is the Muhammadiyah pattern in general and the West Papua Muhammadiyah pattern, according to the author, is the application of Kuntowijoyo's social theory of objectification of Islam. Plus, because of the existence of Muhammadiyah West Papua in the Muslim Minority zone, this is also an application of the application of da'wah bil things that is unique in the frame of multi-culturalism and mainstreaming religious moderation. 

Keyword: Multiculturalism, Living Qur'an, Muhammadiyah West Papua, Islamic Objectification .
The Implementation of Numbered Head Together Learning Model on Student Integrated Science Learning Outcomes in SMP Negeri 1 Panei
Authors: Rajagukguk Salome
Published: June 2021

The prevailing inquiry was performed aiming to know how Numbered Head Together Method was implemented and affect the students learning outcomes of 7th grade in SMP Negeri 1 Panei during Integrated Science Learning process. Cluster random sampling was employed to choose the samples, obtaining 64 students (two classes), in which one class (32 students) acted as experimental class receiving Numbered Head Together learning model, while another class (32 students) acted as control class received by conventional model. Data retrieved were then analyzed using SPSS 21. The analysis resulted that students who received Numbered Head Together learning model had better learning outcomes (80.62) than students’ who received conventional model (72.19). Hypothesis was further tested using t-test at significance level of α = 0.05 obtaining tcount (3.30) > ttable (2.00), thus Ha is accepted, indicating that Numbered Head Together learning model affect the Learning Outcomes of 7th grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Panei during Integrated Science learning process. It is concluded that Numbered Head Together has an impact on students learning outcomes of 7th grade of SMP Negeri 1 Panei during Integrated Science learning process at academic year of 2019/2020. The learning by using Numbered Head Together model can improve students’ learning outcomes during the Integrated Science subject, therefore such method can be selected as one of the alternatives to plan a better Integrated Science learning.
Optimization of Service Field of Communications, Information Technology, Coding and Statisticson The Government of District Cianjur
Authors: Nurdin Burhan
Published: June 2021

The Office of Communication, Informatics, Encryption and Statistics of Cianjur Regency is an institution engaged in the field of communication, information, coding and statistics that helps local governments in serving the people of Cianjur. Although according to the establishment of the Office of Communication, Informatics, Encryption and Statistics, it has been around for a long time, nevertheless it is still faced with problems that require resolution. If the problem is classified, it is related to the lack or weakness of services in the fields of communication, informatics and coding. This situation makes the management team plan, and formulate what actions are appropriate to overcome this problem. The theory used in this research is the theory of Plan, Do, Check, Action by W. Edwards Deming and Walter Shewhart. The research approach used is qualitative, with descriptive analytical methods.This study resulted in a discussion that the Cianjur Regency Communication, Informatics, Codification and Statistics Office carried out planning efforts in managerial terms, improving e-government service facilities and infrastructure, expanding the power and space of information communication media, increasing the intensity of dissemination and distribution of information on government administration, technical review of the general plan of the space pattern for the placement of wireless communication infrastructure within the framework of controlling the construction of telecommunications towers, and preparation of a technical study on the general plan of communication infrastructure as a reference for policies and development of communication, informatics, coding and statistics The strategy for developing communication, informatics, coding and statistics is directed at structuring the implementation of dissemination and distribution of information on governance and development through updating e-government activities, building outdoor information media, revitalizing radio broadcast transmittance, developing Cianjur Satu Data, Cianjur Regency and developing data compliance. Cianjur Regency macro indicators as well as fulfillment of coding information services.
The Interaction Of Organizational Culture, Leadership Style The Head Of School And Conflict Management On The Performance Of Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Haryaka Usfandi
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was To determine the interaction of the influence of principal's leadership style on the performance of teachers of SMP Negeri Samarinda, to determine the interaction effect of organizational culture in learning on the performance of teachers of SMP Negeri Samarinda, and to determine the interaction of organizational conflict on the performance of teachers of SMP Negeri Samarinda. This research was conducted in the First high School Was with the research sample as many as 65 people teachers drawn randomly against six Secondary Schools in Samarinda. The research method used is the method of suvey with data collection techniques using a questionnaire followed by an interview with prewakilan teachers drawn randomly 5 teachers from each school. Data analysis used is path analysis (path analysis).The findings of the study show that:(1) organizational Culture has a direct effect on the Performance of Teachers amounted to 14.82% with path coefficient 0,385 (2) the principal's Leadership Style has a direct effect on the Performance of Teachers by 5.25% with a path coefficient 0,230, and (3) Conflict Management has a direct effect on the Performance of Teachers by 11,29% with path coefficient 0,336. Research conclusions:(1) organizational Culture has a direct impact significantly on the Performance of Teachers, (2) the principal's Leadership Style has a direct impact significantly on the Performance of Teachers, and (3) Conflict Management has a direct impact significantly on the Performance of Teachers.
The role of financial literacy for Business Sustainability at PT Olam Makassar
Authors: Ambar Arum Ruki
Published: June 2021

The objective of this scientific paper is to understand the role of financial literacy for Business Sustainability at PT Olam Makassar.  This scientific paper used descriptive qualitative method which described the observation and interview results. To get data, the writer observed and interviewed the employees of PT Olam Makassar which resposible for  financial literacy for Business Sustainability. The result of the research obtained such as : the role of financial literacy for Business Sustainability implemented and related elements to the financial literacy for Business Sustainability at PT Olam Makassar. Based on the research, it can be concluded that by having knowledge about good financial literacy, one can make sustainable business concept, therefore its business sustainability can be maintained.
The Influence of the Covid 19 Virus and Online Learning on the Education System for Islamic Subjects
Authors: Syah Putra Arman , Disniarti Disniarti , Oktaviani Heriyah , Sari Wulan , Apriani Luthfiyah
Published: June 2021

The background of this research is to know the background of the influence of the covid-19 virus and learning online on the education system for Islamic religious subjects whether the covid-19 virus which is now a resident throughout the world affects the learning system in Indonesia, especially subjects Islam and whether online learning media is a very appropriate medium to be applied to the teaching and learning system that exists during the current pandemic. The method used in this research is to use a quantitative method using a survey tool conducted to 100 people who were randomly selected with the survey tool, the data obtained will be able to represent the original data in the field and be able to find out the actual results. The thing that will be found in this research is how to find out the relationship between Covid-19 and the learning system and how this online learning system affects the learning system on Islamic religious subjects. Therefore, what variables affect it can be seen in this study. In this study will produce data that will be able to find out what variables affect Islamic religious subjects, especially the teaching and learning system in Indonesia and what variables affect the current pandemic, therefore variables must be determined carefully and can affect dependent variable.

Keyword : The Covid 19 Virus, Online Learning, Education System, Islamic Subjects.
Complications associated with PICC insertion in a hospital for high level of complexity of the city of Medellín (Colombia).
Authors: Roldán S. , Combariza F. , Gálvez K. , Palacios V. , Olaya V.
Published: June 2021

Objective. To identify the complications related with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).
A Study of Tourists’ Satisfaction in The Context of Textile-Based Tourism Destination
Authors: Suhud Usep , Utami Heryanti , Puspita Candra Elena
Published: June 2021

This study examines the factors that influence the satisfaction of tourists visiting Trusmi, a centre for batik artisans and traders who has become a tourist village. Three predictors were chosen, including destination image, perceived value, and memorable tourism experience.
PUBLIC EVENTS IN THE CITIES OF AYAGOZ AND RIDDER IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors:   PhD student of the Kazakh Innovative University of Humanities and Law, Amanbekova N.D. , Adilbaeva A.S. ,   d.h.s. of the Kazakh Innovative University of Humanities and Law
Published: June 2021

Personnel of Turksib construction and large industrial enterprises, (skilled) workers are carried out through various training and retraining. The article describes the political and social events in the cities of Ayagoz and Ridder, the state of education. In 1930, the total number of Kazakh-language newspapers in the Kazakh region was 14, and their circulation was 133 thousand. This, of course, was considered insignificant, and this issue was specially considered at the Plenum of the Kazakh Regional Party Committee. At the same Plenum, the issue of the need to publish Kazakh newspapers in the region was resolved. In this regard, the article about the socio-cultural situation in the region, published in the Kazakh newspapers "Zhana Aul" in Ayakoz and "Zhumysshy" in Ridder. The newspaper played an important role in educating workers in the communist spirit. He propagated the idea of the party in the development of the economy and culture.
THE HUNS AND THE GREAT MIGRATION IN EUROPE
Authors:   Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of World History, historiography and source studies, Academician, Director of the Scientific- Research Centeron World History Studies, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University e-mail:kalkaman.zhumagulov@kaznu.kz, Zhumagulov K.T. , Sadykova R.O. ,   Candidate of historical sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of World History, historiography and source studies, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University  e -mail:raikhan.sadykova@gmail.com
Published: June 2021

The IV-VII centuries entered the history of Eurasia and Europe as the era of the Great Migration. The current isolation of the Great Migration as a transitional historical period is especially important. It allows not only an investigation of the specific history of the Great Migration as it mostly is in the historical literature but also proves that the Great Migration was a turning point in world history. It started with the Huns’ union of tribes from the depths of Central Asia and culminated with the invasion of the west of the European continent. Since that time we have seen the synthesis and the integration of social relationships, cultures and traditions of tribes and peoples in the Eurasian space.
SOME HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL BACKGROUND AND REASONS FOR THE CREATION OF THE 1ST POLISH INFANTRY DIVISION NAMED AFTER TADEUSZ KOSCIUSZKO IN 1943-1945
Authors:   Ph.D. doctoral student of the faculty of history of ENU named after L. N. Gumilev(Nursultan, Kazakhstan)., Muratuly D. , Panto D. ,   Doctor Ph.D., Professor (hc), chief specialist of the Scientific Department of the Museum of world war II  in Gdansk (Poland)., Smanova A. ,   candidate of history, associate Professor in the Department of history ofKazakhstan Kazakh state teacher training University(Almaty, Kazakhstan).
Published: June 2021

In this research article addresses the issue from the point of view of the Soviet government a "betrayal" of the Polish General Anders, and it was his decision to evacuate the entire Polish army in the Soviet Union, particularly from Kazakhstan and Central Asia in Iran. Some historical and political reasons for the creation of the 1st Polish infantry division named after Tadeusz Kosciuszko are investigated.
COLOR REVOLUTIONS AFTER DECAY OF THE USSR
Authors:   Eurasian National University named after L.N.Gumilyov Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Askerbek А.А.
Published: June 2021

The events of the change of political regimes of the end of 2003 in Georgia, in 2004 in Ukraine and in 2005 in Kyrgyzstan are called “color” revolutions. They led to subsequent events: the Russian-Georgian war and criminal charges against Georgian President Micheil Saakashvili; towards the end of the political career of the revolutionary leader of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko, the collapse of the regime of Viktor Yanukovych and the hybrid war between Ukraine and Russia. And in Kyrgyzstan - to constant political instability. And at the moment, the reassessment of “color” revolutions is important, as an important lesson for these countries themselves and for the international community as a whole. The interpretation of the color revolutions themselves was dominated by two General approaches. On the one hand, there is criticism of the aggressive export of Western democratic standards to the post-Soviet space, sponsored by the United States. On the other hand, supporters of the events perceive them as spontaneous and truly democratic uprisings that contributed to the overthrow of autocratic regimes and initiated Pro-democratic changes.
EDUCATION WITHIN THE SOFT POWER OF CHINA AND THE EU: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Eurasian NationalUniversity named after L.N. Gumilyov, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Beristenova А.А. , Turuntayeva А.А. ,   C.h.s., Docent of the International Relations Department, L.N.Gumilyov ENU,Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

“Soft power” in recent decades is an integral part of the foreign policy arsenal of a number of states. Including various tools, “soft power” as one of the most effective tools used to achieve goals, includes education. In the current conditions of a multipolar world, all large states, as well as their associations, seek to use education as a means of influence on their counterparties. The examples of China and the European Union examines and analyzes the mechanisms used by actors in pursuing a policy of “soft power” through education.
RITUAL PARTISIPATIVE FUNCTIONS OF THE INDUSTRIAL HOLIDAY OF LATE SOCIALISM (ON MATERIALS "ACHPOLIMETALL" COMBINE)
Authors:   Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate professor of Abai KazNPU,Republic Kazakhstan, Almaty, Dalayeva Т.Т.
Published: June 2021

The article, based on archival materials of the Kentau Regional State Archive (KRSA) and documents of the South Kazakhstan regional committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RSASPH), explores the organization and use of the industrial holiday in the identification processes of workers at the Achpolimetal combine in the early 1970s. The growing processes of alienation in Soviet society during the period of late socialism were reflected in labor productivity at the plant. The practice of preparing republican and all-union records and the subsequent honoring of production teams led to a "divided consciousness" among the working people, which influenced their attitude to work. The level of labor productivity and the cost of production have tended to decrease due to the unreliable quality of new self-propelled equipment and the actual lack of a proper repair base at the enterprise. Significant downtime and breakdown of equipment, violation of technological discipline, over-planned metal losses, and a decrease in the quality of products gradually increased. One of the ways to increase labor productivity was the holding of industrial holidays. The organization of industrial holidays, the analysis of the forms and methods of the holiday ritual for constructing a common social space that creates the conditions for a collective identity in the Soviet era were the object of study in this article, its subject is the actual ritual-participatory functions of the holiday and their influence on the construction of the professional identity of work teams of “Achpolimetal” combine.
EGYPT POLICY IN REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: EGYPTIAN FACTOR
Authors:   senior lecturer, Kazakh national university named after Al-Farabi, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zhanatayeva K.B .
Published: June 2021

Egypt is still one of the most important parts of the Arab world, political unity and solidarity. The whole world knows that all efforts has been made to ensure the interests and security of fraternal states in the international arena. Restoring fraternal Arab relations is very important for Egypt. Egypt, which was subjected to a policy of Arab isolation following the conclusion of the Camp David agreement in 1979, gradually strengthened its friendships, seeking to restore regional leadership after the advent of a new government. The Arab Republic of Egypt also took advantage of the situation in the Middle East. Egypt was interested in bilateral relations with Arab countries. The fraternal states located in one region could not live long without each other. The countries of the region undoubtedly depend on each other in terms of socio-economic and cultural development.
FEATURES AND CONTENT OF COMMUNICATIVE MEMORY OF KENTAU’S AND ASHYSAY’S RESIDENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY
Authors:   Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate professor of Abai KazNPU,Republic Kazakhstan,AlmatyE-mail: tenliktd@mail.ru, Dalayeva Т.Т.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the manifestation of communicative memory based on the analysis of the content and implementation of the speech situation in historical narratives in the interviews of residents of Kentau and Ashysai in 2015-2019. Through the cognitive-communicative concept of mnemonic activity by Doctor of Filology Science Tivyaeva I.V. the author examines the features of the verbal coding of memory processes in the natural language of the respondents of three generations (conditionally divided by the author according to different historical periods in which the respondents' primary socialization took place): 1) those born in the 1920s-1930s; 2) those born in the 1940-1950s; 3) born in the 1960s. The purpose of the publication is to identify the discursive content of the memories of the residents of a monotown about their lives in the context of general historical events of the 20th century and the cultural code in the informational narrative of their interviews, the difference or similarity of the perception of their past by different generations. The character of identity in the memories of the Kentau-Ashhysai population is determined through such markers as the language of communication, cultural codes, and the emotional state of the respondents.
SOVIET POWER REGARDING KAZAKH CREATIVE INTELLIGENTSIA (80-90 YEARS OF THE XX CENTURY)
Authors:   PhD, Senior Lecturer, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical UniversityNur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Koskeyeva A.M.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the paradoxical policy of the Soviet government in the 80–90s of the twentieth century in relation to the creative intelligentsia. The author also pointed out that the problem of the threat of loss of national identity was acute at various meetings and congresses of the Kazakh creative intelligentsia before perestroika, during the thaw and stagnation. It is known that with the deepening crisis in society and the escalation of social and ethnic tension in 1986, an uprising of Kazakh students in Almaty followed. This December uprising, which shocked the world, proved that a new generation with a high level of national identity, measured by the honor of the people, came to the Kazakh land. The article also analyzes the views and actions of the young generation, especially the Kazakh youth studying in Moscow, who gave a worthy answer to the political system. And also the actions of Mukhtar Shakhanov did not go unnoticed.
THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN THE MERCHANT TRADE, SHIPPING AND INDUSTRY (THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES)
Authors:   Candidate of Historical sciences, acting assoc. prof., Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan, Gabdulina A.Zh.
Published: June 2021

The development of shipping stimulated the economic of Kazakhstan, attracted new shipping territories, strengthening the commodity economy. Thanks to waterways and existing transport networks, which became increasingly important, conditions were gradually created for storing local markets and their integration into regional ones, as well as in connection with participation in the all-Russian market. The vastness of the Kazakh lands, the absence of an extensive network of land roads have identified the priority value of water transport. Currently, we often communicate with hard-to-reach areas. In this situation, large rivers were concentrated. One such important region was East Kazakhstan. New studies of archival data have made it possible to consider the enormous contribution to the development of water transport in the republic, which is closely related to the development of trade, the development and involvement of new territories rich in natural resources on the borders of Kazakhstan.
THE REGION OF CASPIAN SEA AS A CONFLICT AREA IN THE XIX CENTURY
Authors:   PhD student on specialty “History”, Faculty of History, Eurasian National University named after L.N. GumilyovNur-Sultan, Republic of KazakhstanEmail: zhansaya-777@list.ru, Zhangabulova Zh.M.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the region of Caspian Sea as a conflict zone in the XIX century, forming a geopolitical and socio-economic space, which forms the freedom of movement (sea shipping) of goods, capital, labor, which has a special impact on the regionalization of the territory. Over the XIX century, certain sections of the Caspian coast belonged not only to Russia, therefore, as one of the leading empires of that century, it needed to form world economic relations primarily with Persia, as well as expand the contours of the Caspian region.
LAND ISSUES IN THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL VIEWS OF ALASH'S ACTORS
Authors:   Candidate of historical sciences, Aktobe regional state University named after Zhubanov Kazakhstan,Аktоbе, Isibaeva E.I.
Published: June 2021

In the Russian historical science, there is practically no research on the unified scientific and land issues. We can find the issue under consideration in works related to agricultural, economic, and other issues. However, as you know, most of them were prepared during the Soviet period. Therefore, in most cases, there is one-sidedness in the analysis, analysis and evaluation of historical works. Due to the disappearance of the traditional management system, the proclamation of the Kazakh land at the expense of state property, in this regard, the influx of external tributaries, the cutting off of millions of acres of land, its basis became water, steering, deer, and deer, and the Kazakhs themselves were displaced to the saline, tast regions, and these conditions of life are tied to the Land. This article describes the current issues of the history of the Earth in the socio-political views of Alash figures.
THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF TRANSPORT INDUSTRY IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   RhD doctoral student of the Kazakh Humanitarian Law Innovative University, Kairbekuly А. , Mamyrbekov A.M. ,   Dean of the Faculty of Humanities of the Kazakh Humanitarian Law Innovative University, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Bolatova K.B. ,   Head of the Department of History and Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of Humanities of the Kazakh Humanitarian Law Innovative University, Candidate of Historical Sciences
Published: June 2021

The indicator of the socio-economic well-being of Kazakhstan, including East Kazakhstan, was directly related to the development of the transport sector. The article examines the factors and problems, achievements and shortcomings that influenced the formation and development of this industry. The post-Soviet period is taken outside the chronological framework of the topic. This is due to the fact that during this period the foundation of the existing transport infrastructure was laid. When considering the topic, an objective historical analysis was carried out on the basis of Soviet and domestic research. The relevance of the article lies in the insufficient knowledge of the geographical area under consideration (East Kazakhstan).
KAZAKHSTAN-CHINA UNDER THE INITIATIVE «ONE BELT - ONE ROAD» RELATIONSHIPS AND CONFLICT ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Professor, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of International Relations, Department of Regional Studies,Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Darkenov K. , Kakar K. ,   Doctoral student, Department of Regional Studies, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University,Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
Published: June 2021

Central Asia is the heart of the Eurasian continent, a region directly adjacent to China, and the Silk Road, which connects the Eurasian continent, passes through this region. Kazakhstan is a country rich in natural resources and energy in Central Asia. Apart from the mineral resources of Central Asia, its location as the center of two continents, its importance in China's foreign trade and its strategic position in the defense of the North-West Frontier, made Kazakhstan known to the world about the location of this project. Since 2014, China has focused on the "One Belt - One Road" strategy in the region. Since 2014, economic relations between the two countries have developed under the "One Belt - One Road" initiative, but the problems remain. The article is devoted to the analysis of economic relations between the two countries and give some suggestions to solve the problem
COOPERATION BETWEEN EU AND KAZAKHSTAN IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
Authors:   c.h.s.,aap, Aitmagambetov D.R. , Aubakirova D.N. ,   master of Social Sciences, Eurasian National University of L.N.Gumilev
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the educational policy of the European Union in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The EU and Kazakhstan cooperate in the field of education and training in order to promote the modernization of education and training systems in Kazakhstan and bring them closer to EU policies and practices. The parties cooperate to promote lifelong learning and encourage collaboration and transparency at all levels of education and training. In addition, the EU and the Republic of Kazakhstan attach particular importance to measures aimed at strengthening inter-institutional cooperation, promoting the mobility of students, faculty and administrative staff, researchers and young people, and encouraging the exchange of information and experience.
INTERVENÇÕES MULTIDIMENSIONAIS DA POBREZA: EVIDÊNCIAS DAS INTER-RELAÇÕES POLÍTICAS PARA A AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Freire Nayana Rosa , Leal de Araújo Claudiana Aparecida , Barbosa Françoise de Fátima
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as inter-relações das políticas agrícolas voltadas para a redução da pobreza dos agricultores familiares no Brasil. A pobreza pode ser analisada sob diversos pontos de vista: relativa, subjetiva e absoluta. Nesta última, ela pode ser estudada tanto no aspecto monetário quanto não monetário, ou seja, adota-se uma perspectiva multidimensional da pobreza. Para este estudo considerou-se as diversas dimensões de três tipos de políticas: Pronaf, PAA e PNAE que se inter-relacionam no combate da pobreza da agricultura familiar. A metodología utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e utilizou-se de dados secundários disponibilizados pelo BNDES, CONAB, IBGE, MDA e MDS. Por meio de dessas informações realizou-se um estudo quantitativo com análise gráfica. Notou-se que, apesar de originalmente terem objetivos principais diferentes, essas três intervenções beneficiam os agricultores familiares gerando renda, emprego e oportunidades. Além disso, elas estão institucionalmente interligadas através da DAP que é instrumento de acesso às três políticas. Conclui-se que estratégias políticas multidimensionais são importantes instrumentos de combate à pobreza rural em suas várias dimensões e que as inter-relações são essenciais para sua efetividade.
Controls on surface aerosol number concentrations and aerosol-limited cloud regimes over the central Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Guy Heather , Brooks Ian M. , Carslaw Ken S. , Murray Benjamin J. , Walden Von P. , Shupe Matthew D. , Pettersen Claire , Turner David D. , Cox Christopher J. , Neff William D. , Bennartz Ralf , Neely III Ryan R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This study presents the first full annual cycle (2019–2020) of ambient surface aerosol number concentration (condensation nuclei > 20 nm, N20) measurements collected at Summit Station, in the centre of the Greenland Ice Sheet (72.58° N, −38.45° E, 3250 m asl). The mean surface N20 concentration in 2019 was 129 cm−3, with the 6 h mean ranging between 1 cm−3 and 1441 cm−3. The highest monthly mean concentrations occurred during the late spring and summer, with the 5 minimum concentrations occurring in February (mean: 18 cm−3), demonstrating an opposite seasonal cycle in aerosol concentrations compared to low altitude Arctic stations (with latitudes > 66° N). High aerosol concentration events are linked to anomalous anticyclonic circulation over Greenland and the descent of free tropospheric aerosol down to the surface, whereas low aerosol concentration events are linked to cyclonic circulation over south-east Greenland that drives upslope flow and enhances precipitation en-route to Summit. Fog strongly effects N20 concentrations, on average reducing N20 by 20 % during the first three hours of fog formation. Extremely low N20 concentrations (< 10 cm−3) occur in all seasons, and we suggest that fog, and potentially cloud formation, can be limited by low aerosol concentrations over central Greenland.
Truth and Uncertainty. A critical discussion of the error concept versus the uncertainty concept
Authors: von Clarmann Thomas , Compernolle Steven , Hase Frank
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Contrary to the claims put forward in “Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement”, issued by the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, the error concept and the uncertainty concept are the same. Arguments in favour of the contrary have been analyzed and were found not compelling. Neither was any evidence presented in this document that “errors” and “uncertainties” define a different relation between the measured and the true value of the variable of interest, nor does this document refer to a Bayesian account of uncertainty beyond the mere endorsement of a degree-of-belief-type conception of probability.
Multi-objective optimisation of a rock coast evolution model with cosmogenic 10Be analysis for the quantification of long-term cliff retreat rates
Authors: Shadrick Jennifer R. , Hurst Martin D. , Piggott Matthew D. , Hebditch Bethany G. , Seal Alexander J. , Wilcken Klaus M. , Rood Dylan H.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a methodology that uses site-specific topographic and cosmogenic 10Be data to perform multi-objective model optimisation of a coupled coastal evolution and cosmogenic radionuclide production model. Optimal parameter estimation of the coupled model minimises discrepancies between model simulations and measured data to reveal the most likely history of rock coast development. This new capability allows for a time-series of cliff retreat rates to be quantified for rock coast sites over millennial timescales. This is the first study that has 1) applied a process-based coastal evolution model to quantify long-term cliff retreat rates for real, rock coast sites, and 2) coupled cosmogenic radionuclide analysis with a process-based model. The Dakota optimisation software toolkit is used as an interface between the coupled coastal evolution and cosmogenic radionuclide production model and optimisation libraries. This framework enables future applications of datasets associated with a range of rock coast settings to be explored. Process-based coastal evolution models simplify erosional processes and, as a result, often have equifinality properties, for example, that similar topography develops via different evolutionary trajectories. Our results show that coupling modelled topography with modelled 10Be concentrations can reduce equifinality in model outputs. Furthermore, our results reveal that multi-objective optimisation is essential in limiting model equifinality caused by parameter correlation to constrain best-fit model results for real-world sites. Results from two UK sites indicate that the rates of cliff retreat over millennial timescales are primarily driven by the rates of relative sea level rise. These findings provide strong motivation for further studies that investigate the effect of past and future relative sea level rise on cliff retreat at other rock coast sites globally.
A holistic framework to estimate the origins of atmospheric moisture and heat using a Lagrangian model
Authors: Keune Jessica , Schumacher Dominik L. , Miralles Diego G.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Despite the existing myriad of tools and models to assess atmospheric source–receptor relationships, their uncertainties remain largely unexplored and arguably stem from the scarcity of observations available for validation. Yet, Lagrangian models are increasingly used to determine the origin of precipitation and atmospheric heat, scrutinizing the changes in moisture and temperature along air parcel trajectories. Here, we present a holistic framework for the process-based evaluation of atmospheric trajectories to infer source–receptor relationships of both moisture and heat. The framework comprises three steps: (i) the diagnosis of moisture and heat from Lagrangian trajectories using multi-objective criteria to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the fluxes, (ii) the attribution of sources following mass- and energy-conserving algorithms in order to establish source–receptor relationships, and (iii) the bias correction of diagnosed fluxes and the corresponding source–receptor relationships. Applying this framework to simulations from the Lagrangian model FLEXPART, driven with ERA-Interim reanalysis data, allows us to quantify the errors and uncertainties associated with the resulting source–receptor relationships for three cities in different climates (Beijing, Denver and Windhoek). Our results reveal large uncertainties inherent in the estimation of heat and precipitation origin with Lagrangian models, but they also demonstrate the synergistic impacts of source- and sink bias-corrections. The proposed framework paves the way for a cohesive assessment of the dependencies in source–receptor relationships.
APPLICATION OF RAIL TRACK GEOMETRY MEASURING TROLLEYS FOR GEOREFERENCING OF UAV IMAGES
Authors: Shcherbakov V. V. , Altyntsev M. A. , Altyntseva M. A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Rail track geometry measuring trolleys are widely used in the railway industry. They can collect information about the state of rails with high accuracy. Nowadays there are a lot of trolleys. Principles of measurements in different trolleys may vary greatly. The trolleys that can use the absolute method of measuring coordinates have advantages. Coordinates of rails and rail track axis can be used as control points for georeferencing of any other surveying data. UAV images are one of these data types. In railways aerial survey using UAVs is mostly used for mapping, gathering data for creation of profiles and some other measurements. UAVs allow reducing the volume of field surveying works. The cost of UAVs is very different. Application of low-cost UAVs imposes increased requirements to distribution of control points. As distribution of control points taken from a trolley trajectory is poor, the issue of such control point application emerges. The study of opportunity to use the trolley trajectory for georeferencing of UAV images is carried out. Accuracy estimation of generating photogrammetric models and image-based point clouds using control point coordinates measured with the trolley is given. Accuracy of measuring obstruction clearances with the help of image-based point clouds is estimated.
REVIEW ON PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURFACE INSPECTION IN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTION
Authors: Hödel M. , Hoegner L. , Stilla U.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. When purchasing a premium car for a substantial sum, first impressions count. Key to that first impression is a flawless exterior appearance, something self-explanatory for the customer, but a far greater challenge for production than one might initially assume. Fortunately, photogrammetric technologies and evaluation methods are enabling an ever greater degree of oversight in the form of comprehensive quality data at different automotive production stages, namely stamping, welding, painting and finishing. A drawback lies in the challenging production environment, which complicates inline integratability of certain technologies. In recent years, machine vision and deep learning have been applied to photogrammetric surface inspection with ever increasing success. Given comprehensive surface quality information throughout the entire production chain, production parameters can be dialed in ever tighter in a data-driven fashion, leading to a sustainable increase in quality. This paper provides a review of current and potential contributions of photogrammetry to this end, discussing several recent advances in research along the way. Particular emphasis will be placed on early production stages, as well as the application of machine vision and deep learning to this challenging task. An outline for further research conducted by the authors will conclude this paper.
RPA POSITIONING ERROR INFLUENCE ON CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION
Authors: Machado M. , Marcellino G. , Salazar J. D. , Regner D. J. , Buschinelli P. , Santos J. M. , Marinho C. , Pinto T. C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In oil and gas offshore platforms, special pipelines as flexible risers make the connection between the ocean floor structures and the platform in extreme environmental and operational conditions. Periodic inspections are necessary to assess their integrity. As industrial climbing for inspection is expensive, extremely dangerous and time consuming, qualitative visual inspection with Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), also known as drones, are being successfully applied for remote inspection of offshore flares and risers in a much safer, quicker, and cheaper way. These experiences motivate the 3D photogrammetric inspection of risers using RPAS, considering restrictions like layout of the inspected structures and surroundings and inability to prepare the scene. In this paper, taking advantage of the position information provided by the RPAS, the reconstruction and scale of the test scene were made using only GNSS data, GNSS and scale bars, RTK, and RTK and scale bars. Calibrated artifacts were used to evaluate the results and they include a PVC pipe with artificial defects simulating a riser, a pyramidal pattern with four spheres, and scale bars. The results showed that, as expected, the worst results are for GNSS data with error standard deviations of 0.35 mm compared with 0.20 mm or less for other options. For the sphere’s artifact, relative maximum sphere spacing errors are 9.3% for GNSS, 1.9% for RTK and 0.26% using scale bars. In any case it was possible to identify the defects in the pipe with good quality and with much more detail compared with a climbing inspection.
STRICT GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF AN UNDERWATER LASER TRIANGULATION SYSTEM
Authors: Sardemann H. , Mulsow C. , Maas H.-G.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This paper will describe a novel approach for the calibration of an underwater laser triangulation system. Underwater triangulation systems, consisting of a line laser and a camera can be used to determine the geometry of submerged objects or the topography of a water body bottom. Placing camera and laser line projector inside a waterproof housing leads to refraction effects at the air-glass-water interfaces, both of the laser light-sheet and image rays. This implies a deformed laser plane in the water and a curved line on the object surface. The proposed approach strictly models the geometry between camera, laser and housing. First experiments show, that the calibration method can be applied for water depth measurements with accuracies of 0.2–0.3 mm at depths in the order of 100 mm.
EFFICIENT TOUR PLANNING FOR A MEASUREMENT VEHICLE BY COMBINING NEXT BEST VIEW AND TRAVELING SALESMAN
Authors: Gehrung J. , Hebel M. , Arens M. , Stilla U.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Path planning for a measuring vehicle requires solving two popular problems from computer science, namely the search for the optimal tour and the search for the optimal viewpoint. Combining both problems results in a new variation of the Traveling Salesman Problem, which we refer to as the Explorational Traveling Salesman Problem. The solution to this problem is the optimal tour with a minimum of observations. In this paper, we formulate the basic problem, discuss it in context of the existing literature and present an iterative solution algorithm. We demonstrate how the method can be applied directly to LiDAR data using an occupancy grid. The ability of our algorithm to generate suitably efficient tours is verified based on two synthetic benchmark datasets, utilizing a ground truth determined by an exhaustive search.
RANDOM NOISE ASSESSMENT IN AERIAL AND SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Anikeeva I. , Chibunichev A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Random noise in aerial and satellite images is one of the factors, decreasing their quality. The noise level assessment in images is paid not enough attention. The method of numerical estimation of random image noise is considered. The object of the study is the image noise estimating method, based on harmonic analysis. The capability of using this method for aerial and satellite image quality assessment is considered. The results of the algorithm testing on model data and on real satellite images with different terrain surfaces are carried out. The accuracy estimating results for calculating the root-mean-square deviation (RMS) of random image noise by the harmonic analysis method are shown.