bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compliance Verification of Photovoltaic Solar Components: The Case of the Laboratory for Quality Control of Photovoltaic Solar Components (LCQS) in Senegal
Authors: Tavares P. W. , Ndeck A. , Mbengue N. , Sarr A. , Mbow B. , Youm I.
Published: May 2023

Africa is a region rich in natural resources but some of its regions are landlocked and the potential exists for significant regional trade. However, integration and trade in the region remains limited despite the efforts of regional institutions to encourage this integration. In general, the quality of goods traded and collected is rather low, import controls are too strict and trade procedures are dexterously cumbersome. Governments create the conditions and rules for the functioning of markets and private enterprises and ensure the well-being of communities and individuals. It is in this context of consumer protection that quality assurance is important. In the case of solar photovoltaic components, these checks are carried out by conformity tests carried out in a laboratory. Our compliance tests were carried out at the Laboratory for Quality Control of Solar photovoltaic components (LCQS) of the Centre for Renewable Energy Studies and Research (CERER) at the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar (UCAD). The study of the modules focuses on the electrical performance characteristics in the case of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, form factor, maximum power, current and voltage (I-V) and voltage power (P-V). The study of the controllers concerns the efficiency of charge and discharge, here the average efficiency in charge is 96.45% and that in landfill is 96.11%.
Ectopic Pregnancy and Lifesaving Care
Authors: Bollig Kassie J. , Friedlander Hilary , Schust Danny J.
Published: June 2023

This JAMA Insights Clinical Update discusses the management of ectopic pregnancy and the urgency of prompt intervention.
Trends in Opioid Misuse Among Individuals Aged 12 to 21 Years in the US
Authors: Warren Lauren Klein , Adams Joella , Bobashev Georgiy
Published: June 2023

Importance

Although opioid misuse has been decreasing among US youths and adolescents in recent years, it is unclear what has contributed to this trend and how this trend differs by age group and sex over time.

Objective

To identify trends in opioid misuse among youths and young adults across and between ages, birth cohorts, and sexes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Cross-sectional National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public-use files were used to produce nationally representative pseudocohorts. The survey population includes the civilian US population in the 50 states and Washington, DC. Individuals without a fixed address and institutionalized individuals were excluded. Respondents to the NSDUH are a population-based sample selected using a stratified cluster design. For the years (January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2019) and ages (12-21 years) analyzed, the sample sizes ranged from 1607 to 3239 respondents. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2022, to April 12, 2023, for the main outcome by age, sex, and pseudocohort.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Respondents were asked whether they misused prescription opioids or used heroin in the past year. The analysis hypotheses were formulated and tested after data collection.

Results

In a total of 5 pseudocohorts, data from 114 412 respondents aged 12 to 21 years were analyzed; the unweighted distribution of male sex (complement was female) ranged from 47.7% to 52.6% (mean [SD], 50.6% [1.1%]). Response rates ranged from 45.8% to 71.3%. High school–aged youths and young adults had distinctly lower rates of opioid misuse in later pseudocohorts compared with earlier ones. Rates of misuse among individuals aged 16 years were 2.80% (95% CI, 1.06%-4.54%) higher in 2002 vs 2008; among those aged 18 years, rates were 4.36% (95% CI, 1.85%-6.87%) higher in 2002. Similarly, rates of misuse among individuals aged 16 years were 3.93% (95% CI, 2.15%-5.71%) higher in 2008 vs 2014; among those aged 17 years, rates were 3.41% (95% CI, 1.94%-4.88%) higher in 2008. Similar patterns were observed by sex. In earlier cohorts, younger female participants had higher rates of opioid misuse than their male counterparts and older male participants had higher rates than their female counterparts. Sex differences decreased in later cohorts.

Conclusions and Results

The findings of this cross-sectional study of US youths and young adults suggest that high school–aged individuals consistently misused fewer opioids in later pseudocohorts overall and by sex. Sex differences in opioid rates also diminished in later pseudocohorts. A decrease in drug availability and general exposure to the harms of opioid use could be contributing to these findings. Future planned research using this pseudocohort approach will examine polysubstance use and evaluate how substance use differs by other sociodemographic characteristics.
A Man With Kaleidoscope Vision
Authors: Sopeyin Anuoluwapo , Wilkins Carl , Berkenstock Meghan
Published: June 2023

A 63-year-old man with a history of stage 3 cutaneous melanoma of the scalp and chronic lymphocytic leukemia presents with kaleidoscope vision. What would you do next?
Systemic Adverse Events Among Patients With Diabetes Treated With Intravitreal Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections
Authors: Zafar Sidra , Walder Annette , Virani Salim , Biggerstaff Kristin , Orengo-Nania Silvia , Chang Jonathan , Channa Roomasa
Published: June 2023

Importance

Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are currently the mainstay of treatment for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Although effective, data on their systemic safety remains inconclusive, particularly in high-risk patient groups.

Objective

To explore the systemic safety of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents among patients with diabetes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective, longitudinal population-based analysis of the Corporate Data Warehouse, a large-scale database of patients within the US Veteran Health Affairs. All patients 18 years and older with type 2 diabetes who were seen at any Veterans Affairs health care facility in the US between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2012, were identified. Data were then extracted on incident systemic adverse events among this patient cohort from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017. All individuals with diabetes who did and did not receive anti-VEGF injections were included. Patients with a history of prior systemic adverse events and those who received an intravitreal injection between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2012, were excluded. Data were analyzed from October 2019 to March 2023.

Exposure

Anti-VEGF injection.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Proportion of patients with any incident systemic adverse event, acute myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, or kidney disease at 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-up.

Results

A total of 1 731 782 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.8 [12.3] years; 1 656 589 [95.7%] male) with type 2 diabetes were included. DR was present in 476 013 (27.5%), and 14 022 (0.8%) received anti-VEGF injections. Of the total number of patients with type 2 diabetes, 321 940 (18.6%) developed systemic adverse events between 2013 and 2017. The 5-year cumulative incidence of any systemic adverse event was 37.0% (5187/14 022) in the injection group vs 18.4% (316 753/1 717 760) in the noninjection group (P < .001). Anti-VEGF injections were independently associated with a higher likelihood of developing any systemic adverse event (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.7-1.9) when controlling for age, race, sex, ethnicity, tobacco use, severity of DR, Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index score, mean hemoglobin A1c, total number of injections, and statin use.

Conclusion and Relevance

In this study, intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were independently associated with a higher likelihood of systemic adverse events among patients with diabetes.
What Is Swimmer’s Ear?
Authors: Pierre James J. , Tolisano Anthony M.
Published: June 2023

This Patient Page describes the causes, symptoms, and treatment of swimmer’s ear.
Novel loci for Alzheimer's disease identified by a genome‐wide association study in Ashkenazi Jews
Authors: Li Donghe , Farrell John J. , Mez Jesse , Martin Eden R. , Bush William S. , Ruiz Agustin , Boada Mercè , de Rojas Itziar , Mayeux Richard , Haines Jonathan L. , Vance Margaret A. Pericak , Wang Li‐San , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Farrer Lindsay A.
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION

Most Alzheimer's disease (AD) loci have been discovered in individuals with European ancestry (EA).

METHODS

We applied principal component analysis using Gaussian mixture models and an Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) reference genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data set to identify Ashkenazi Jews ascertained in GWAS (n = 42,682), whole genome sequencing (WGS, n = 16,815), and whole exome sequencing (WES, n = 20,504) data sets. The association of AD was tested genome wide (GW) in the GWAS and WGS data sets and exome wide (EW) in all three data sets (EW). Gene‐based analyses were performed using aggregated rare variants.

RESULTS

In addition to apolipoprotein E (APOE), GW analyses (1355 cases and 1661 controls) revealed associations with TREM2 R47H (p = 9.66 × 10−9), rs541586606 near RAB3B (p = 5.01 × 10−8), and rs760573036 between SPOCK3 and ANXA10 (p = 6.32 × 10−8). In EW analyses (1504 cases and 2047 controls), study‐wide significant association was observed with rs1003710 near SMAP2 (p = 1.91 × 10−7). A significant gene‐based association was identified with GIPR (p = 7.34 × 10−7).

DISCUSSION

Our results highlight the efficacy of founder populations for AD genetic studies.
Semiconductor Terahertz Physics
Authors: Lewis R. A.
Published: June 2023

A rich range of physical phenomena exhibit frequencies in the range of 0.1–10 THz. Within semiconductors, these include phononic, electronic, and mixed modes of oscillations. These fundamental phenomena then serve as the basis for specific devices to produce, manipulate, and detect terahertz radiation.
A General Organophotoredox Strategy to Difluoroalkyl Bicycloalkane (CF2‐BCA) Hybrid Bioisosteres**
Authors: Cuadros Sara , Goti Giulio , Barison Giorgia , Raulli Alfredo , Bortolato Tommaso , Pelosi Giorgio , Costa Paolo , Dell'Amico Luca
Published: June 2023

Here, we report a general approach to the synthesis of the difluoroalkyl bicycloalkanes (CF2‐BCAs), as structural surrogates of aryl ketones and ethers. The chemistry is driven by a dihydrobenzoacridine photocatalyst, that engages in a catalytic electron‐donor acceptor (EDA) complex, or directly reduces the fluorinated substrate. These two convergent manifolds lead to the generation of the R‐CF2 radical, that reacts with the [1.1.1]‐ or [3.1.1.]‐propellane. The method is extremely general, and extendable to complex bioactive molecules (30 examples, up to 87 % yield). The structural features of the CF2‐BCP hybrid bioisostere were investigated by single crystal X‐ray. Finally, we synthesised a CF2‐BCP analogue of a Leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, replacing the original aryl ether motif. In silico docking studies indicated that this new analogue maintains the same arrangement within the enzyme pocket, profiling the use of the CF2‐BCA hybrid bioisostere in medicinal chemistry settings.
Bioinspired Design of a Giant [Mn86] Nanocage‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework with Specific CO2 Binding Pockets for Highly Selective CO2 Separation
Authors: Geng Shubo , Xu Hang , Cao Chun‐Shuai , Pham Tony , Zhao Bin , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: June 2023

Adsorption‐based removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from gas mixtures has demonstrated great potential for solving energy security and environmental sustainability challenges. However, due to similar physicochemical properties between CO2 and other gases as well as the co‐adsorption behavior, the selectivity of CO2 is severely limited in currently reported CO2‐selective sorbents. To address the challenge, we create a bioinspired design strategy and report a robust, microporous metal–organic framework (MOF) with unprecedented [Mn86] nanocages. Attributed to the existence of unique enzyme‐like confined pockets, strong coordination interactions and dipole‐dipole interactions are generated for CO2 molecules, resulting in only CO2 molecules fitting in the pocket while other gas molecules are prohibited. Thus, this MOF can selectively remove CO2 from various gas mixtures and show record‐high selectivities of CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 mixtures. Highly efficient CO2/C2H2, CO2/CH4, and CO2/N2 separations are achieved, as verified by experimental breakthrough tests. This work paves a new avenue for the fabrication of adsorbents with high CO2 selectivity and provides important guidance for designing highly effective adsorbents for gas separation.
Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Frameworks Towards Spintronics
Authors: Yan Xiaoli , Su Xi , Chen Jian , Jin Chao , Chen Long
Published: June 2023

The intrinsic properties of predesignable topologies and tunable electronic structures, coupled with the increase of electrical conductivity, make two‐dimensional metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) highly prospective candidates for next‐generation electronic/spintronic devices. In this Minireview, we present an outline of the design principles of 2D MOF‐based spintronics materials. Then, we highlight the spin‐transport properties of 2D MOF‐based organic spin valves (OSVs) as a notable achievement in the progress of 2D MOFs for spintronics devices. After that, we discuss the potential for spin manipulation in 2D MOFs with bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) properties as a promising field for future research. Finally, we provide a brief summary and outlook to encourage the development of novel 2D MOFs for spintronics applications.
A Proximity‐Induced Fluorogenic Reaction Triggered by Antibody–Antigen Interactions with Adjacent Epitopes
Authors: Nishiyama Kentaro , Akiba Hiroki , Nagata Satoshi , Tsumoto Kouhei , Kamada Haruhiko , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: June 2023

Proximity‐induced chemical reactions are site‐specific and rapid by taking advantage of their high affinity and highly selective interactions with the template. However, reactions induced solely by antibody–antigen interactions have not been developed. Herein, we propose a biepitopic antigen‐templated chemical reaction (BATER) as a novel template reaction. In BATER, reactive functional groups are conjugated to two antibodies that interact with two epitopes of the same antigen to accelerate the reaction. We developed a method for visualizing the progress of BATER using fluorogenic click chemistry for optimal antibody selection and linker design. The reaction is accelerated in the presence of a specific antigen in a linker length‐dependent manner. The choice of the antibody epitope is important for a rapid reaction. This design will lead to various applications of BATER in living systems.
UV protective textile: Experimental and DFT computational studies on the function of some metal complexes of hydrazide derivatives on cellulose fabrics
Authors: Saeed Saeed El‐Sayed , Aldubayyan Meaad , Al‐Hakimi Ahmed N. , El‐Sayed Wael A. , Alnawmasi Jawza Sh , El‐Hady Marwa M. Abd , Abdel‐Mottaleb M. S. A.
Published: June 2023

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to the skin. Therefore, it capitalized on the properties of thiophene and pyridine derivatives to prepare new textile‐protective agents with improved UV protection factor (UPF) factor. This embodies the preparation and characterization of “2‐((3‐cyano‐4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐6‐(thiophene‐2‐yl)pyridine‐2‐yl)oxy)acetohydrazide” (HZ) in complex with Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), or Cd(II), using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis techniques. Characterization of cotton fabric‐based cellulose (CELL) in complex with the synthesized agents using FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM–EDX) revealed deposition of the hydrazide and its metal complexes on the cellulosic fiber. Interestingly, cellulose complexation with Cu(II) was observed to have the highest value of the UPF. Computation of the reactivity indices using density functional theory (DFT) supports this finding, where the electrophilicity parameter of the modified fabric was found to correlate with the UPF wherein Cu(II) shows the highest value. The synthesized complexes could, therefore, provide lead structures for developing new UV‐protective agents with enhanced coating characteristics.
The anatomical basis of amphibious hearing in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Young Bruce A. , Cramberg Michael
Published: June 2023

The different velocities of sound (pressure waves) in air and water make auditory source localization a challenge for amphibious animals. The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) has an extracolumellar cartilage that abuts the deep surface of the tympanic membrane, and then expands in size beyond the caudal margin of the tympanum. This extracolumellar expansion is the insertion site for two antagonistic skeletal muscles, the tensor tympani, and the depressor tympani. These muscles function to modulate the tension in the tympanic membrane, presumably as part of the well‐developed submergence reflex of Alligator. All crocodilians, including Alligator, have internally coupled ears in which paratympanic sinuses connect the contralateral middle ear cavities. The temporal performance of internally coupled ears is determined, in part, by the tension of the tympanic membrane. Switching between a “tensed” and “relaxed” tympanic membrane may allow Alligator to compensate for the increased velocity of sound underwater and, in this way, use a single auditory map for sound localization in two very different physical environments.
Comparative Risks of Infection With Belimumab Versus Oral Immunosuppressants in Patients With Nonrenal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Materne Emma , Choi Hyon , Zhou Baijun , Costenbader Karen H. , Zhang Yuqing , Jorge April
Published: June 2023

Objective

We investigated the comparative risk of infection with belimumab versus oral immunosuppressants for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Using observational data from a US multicenter electronic health record database, we identified patients with SLE but without lupus nephritis who initiated belimumab, azathioprine, methotrexate, or mycophenolate between 2011 and 2021. We designed and emulated hypothetical target trials to estimate the cumulative incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of serious infection and hospitalization for serious infection comparing belimumab versus each oral immunosuppressant. We used propensity score overlap weighting to balance baseline covariates and adjusted for adherence to treatment group using inverse probability of treatment weighting. We also assessed the control outcome of traumatic injury.

Results

Among 21,481 patients, we compared 2841 and 6343 initiators of belimumab and azathioprine, 2642 and 8242 initiators of belimumab and methotrexate, and 2813 and 8407 initiators of belimumab and mycophenolate, respectively. After propensity score overlap weighting, all covariates were balanced in each comparison. The mean age of the cohort was 45 years, and 94% were women. Compared with azathioprine and mycophenolate, belimumab was associated with lower risks of both serious infection (HR 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–0.92 and HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.61–0.78) and hospitalization for infection (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57–0.94 and HR 0.56 95% CI 0.43–0.71). The risk of infection was also lower for belimumab compared with methotrexate (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.76–0.97). There were no differences in traumatic injury risks across treatment groups.

Conclusion

Belimumab was associated with lower risks of serious infection than with oral immunosuppressants. This finding should inform risk/benefit considerations for SLE treatment.

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Research into bioluminescence of the Black Sea ctenophores Pleurobrachia pileus O.F. Müller, 1776
Authors: Melnik Alexandr , Silakov Mikhail , Mashukova Olga , Melnik Lidia
Published: June 2023

The work presents the findings of the laboratory and in situ studies of ctenophore Pleurobrachia pileus O.F. Müller, 1776 which have shown that this species has bioluminescent properties. These organisms were considered non‐luminous before. P. pileus bioluminescence was studied on board RV Professor Vodyanitsky during its 116th voyage. Sampling live organisms was preceded by probing with the Salpa MA+ probe to register the daily maximum glow in redoxcline, which in this zone was recorded, as a rule, in the depth range of 60–70 m, where dense clusters of P. pileus were formed at that time. The samples of ctenophores were taken by a Bogorov–Rass plankton net. After the net was closed, it was lifted to the surface at a speed of 0.4–0.5 m s−1. It was shown that only at a temperature not exceeding 14°C, the P. pileus remained alive for 2–3 days. The data provided indicate that the temperature above 14°C is close to the maximum permissible for P. pileus; therefore, chemical and mechanical stimulation experiments were carried out at this temperature (14°C) to agitate ctenophores luminescence. Though, the nature of their signal was significantly different. The total percentage of luminous organisms from the entire catch was 32.43%, which unequivocally proves that P. pileus glows and makes a significant contribution to the intensity of the glow at great depths in redoxcline.
Genetically Encoded Crosslinking Enables Identification of Multivalent Ubiquitin‐Deubiquitylating Enzyme Interactions
Authors: Patel Rishi , Negrón Terón Kristos , Zhou Mowei , Nakayasu Ernesto , Drown Bryon , Das Chittaranjan
Published: June 2023

Ubiquitin (Ub) proteoforms control nearly every aspect of eukaryotic cell biology through their diversity. Inspired by the widely used Ub C‐terminal electrophiles (Ub−E), here we report the identification of multivalent binding of Ub with deubiquitylating enzymes (Dubs) using genetic code expansion (GCE) and crosslinking mass spectrometry. While the Ub−Es only gather structural information with the S1 Dub sites, we demonstrate that GCE of Ub with p‐benzoyl‐L‐phenylalanine enables identification of interaction modes beyond the S1 site with a panel of Dubs of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic origin. Collectively, this represents the next generation of Ub‐based affinity probes with a unique ability to unravel Ub interaction landscapes beyond what is afforded by cysteine‐based chemistries.
Trivial injury with devastating complication—A case of pediatric pancreatic pseudocyst
Authors: Shaikh Iqra Rehman , Rahmat Zainab Syyeda , Islam Zarmina , Khan Mohammad Arif Mateen , Ali Syed Waqas , Nasir Sharmeen , Mousavi Sayed Hamid
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Pancreatic pseudocysts are rare in the pediatric population, commonly a result of trauma. Timely diagnosis and adequate management with a multidisciplinary approach are the key to avoid morbidity and mortality. Larger cysts often require surgical intervention.

We report a case of a 4‐year‐old female child who presented with a massive pancreatic pseudocyst. Pseudocysts >10 cm are at an increased risk of rupture, hence require surgical intervention. Percutaneous external drainage via pigtail catheter was followed by cysto‐gastrostomy due to continuous high output. The postoperative period was uneventful.
Direct C−H Arylation of Dithiophene‐Tetrathiafulvalene: Tuneable Electronic Properties and 2D Self‐Assembled Molecular Networks at the Solid/Liquid Interface
Authors: Ribeiro Catarina , Valente Gonçalo , Espinosa Miguel , Silva Rafaela A. L. , Belo Dulce , Gil‐Guerrero Sara , Arisnabarreta Nicolás , Mali Kunal S. , De Feyter Steven , Melle‐Franco Manuel , Souto Manuel
Published: June 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Manuel Souto and co‐workers at the University of Aveiro and CICECO‐Aveiro Institute of Materials. The image depicts the direct C−H arylation of dithiophene‐tetrathiafulvalene (DT‐TTF) and the self‐assembly of DT‐TTF‐tetrabenzoic acid studied by using scanning tunnelling microscopy. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300572.
Amide Skeletal Elongation via Amino Acid Insertion
Authors: Liu Zhengqiang , Zhou Lei , Liu Wenbo H.
Published: June 2023

Amide derivatization is useful to access valuable organic compounds considering the ready availability of molecules containing amide functionality. Current methods to derivatize amide mainly focus on the synthesis of carbonyl‐containing compounds and amines. Incorporating both parts of the initial amide into the new derivatives is rare. Herein, we describe a simple and practical amide derivatization through amino acid insertion to prepare more complex amides. This insertion is applicable to a wide range of amino acids and more importantly, the chiral information is completely conserved during the insertion. Comparison of this insertion strategy with conventional amide synthesis demonstrates the synthetic advantages of this new protocol.
Seasonal employee leadership and turnover intention in the hospitality and tourism industry: Serial mediation model workplace ostracism and work alienation
Authors: Aktürk Cihan , Yeşiltaş Murat
Published: June 2023

Based on the Conservation of Resources Theory, this research aims to examine the relationship between seasonal employee leadership (SEL) and turnover intention (TI). The data was obtained by administering a survey to 450 seasonal employees working in 15 five‐star hotels in Antalya. The findings revealed that SEL reduces TI, which is an important problem for the tourism industry. The study results show that SEL was negatively related to workplace ostracism (WO) and work alienation (WA) and TI. Further, the findings show the serial mediating effect of WO and WA between SEL and TI. The study makes useful recommendations to managers to eliminate ostracism, curb the feeling of alienation and decrease TI.
CO2 utilization for methanol production; Optimal pathways with minimum GHG reduction cost
Authors: Khojasteh‐Salkuyeh Yaser , Ashrafi Omid , Mostafavi Ehsan , Navarri Philippe
Published: June 2023

Mitigating CO2 emissions from industries and other sectors of our economy is a critical component of building a sustainable economy. This paper investigates two different methanol synthesis routes based on CO2 utilization (CO2 capture and utilization [CCU], and tri‐reforming of methane [TRM]), and compares the results with the conventional methanol production using natural gas as the feedstock (NG‐MeOH). A comprehensive techno‐economic analysis (TEA) model that includes the findings of the life cycle assessment (LCA) models of methanol production using various CO2 utilization pathways is conducted. Economic analysis is conducted by developing a cost model that is connected to the simulation models for each production route. Compared to the conventional process (with a GHG emission of 0.6 kg CO2/kg MeOH), the lifecycle GHG reduction of 1.75 and 0.41 kg CO2/kg MeOH are achievable in the CCU and TRM pathways, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate that, under current market conditions and hydrogen production costs, methanol production via CO2 hydrogenation will result in a cost approximately three times higher than that of the conventional process. The integrated TEA–LCA model shows that this increased cost of production equates to a required life cycle GHG reduction credit of $279 to $422 per tonne of CO2 utilized, depending on construction material and selected pathway. Additionally, when compared to the CO2 hydrogenation route, the tri‐reforming process (TRM‐MeOH) can result in a 42% cost savings. Furthermore, a minimum financial support of $56 per tonne utilized CO2 will be required to make the TRM‐MeOH process economically viable.
Bacterial Cellulose‐Based Janus Films with Radiative Cooling and Solar Heating Properties for All‐Season Thermal Management†
Authors: Shi Shukuan , Valenzuela Cristian , Yang Yanzhao , Liu Yuan , Li Binxuan , Wang Ling , Feng Wei
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Advanced radiative cooling materials with both heating and cooling mode is of pivotal importance for all‐season energy‐saving in buildings. In this work, we report the design and fabrication of bacterial cellulose‐based Janus films (J‐BC) with radiative cooling and solar heating properties, which were developed by two‐step vacuum‐assisted filtration of modified MXene‐doped bacterial cellulose and modified silicon nitride (Si3N4)‐doped bacterial cellulose, followed by hot‐pressing and drying treatments. The as‐prepared J‐BC films show a unique Janus structure where modified MXene nanosheets and cellulose nanofibers are on the bottom surface, and modified silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanoparticles and cellulose nanofibers are on the top surface. The radiative cooling effect of J‐BC films is enabled by the Si3N4‐doped bacterial cellulose due to the high mid‐infrared emissivity of Si3N4 nanoparticles, which shows a high solar reflection of ~98.1% and high emissivity of ~93.6% in the atmospheric transparency window (8—13 μm). Thanks to the enhanced photothermal conversion of the modified MXene nanosheets, a reduced solar reflection (6.6%) and relatively low thermal emissivity in the atmospheric window (71.4%) are achieved, making sure the solar heating effect of J‐BC films. In the outdoor tests, J‐BC films achieve a sub‐ambient temperature drop of ~3.8 °C and an above‐ambient temperature rise of ~14.2 °C. Numerical prediction demonstrated that the J‐BC films with dual modes have great potential of all‐season energy saving for buildings and a corresponding energy‐saving map in China is also created. The work disclosed herein can provide an avenue for the shaping of advanced radiative cooling materials for emerging applications of personal thermal management, sustainable energy‐efficient buildings, and beyond.
Economic and feasibility analysis of brownfields into brightfields by solar energy
Authors: Chen Ying‐Chu
Published: June 2023

This study evaluated the costs and feasibility of building photovoltaic (PV) energy systems on brownfields in four localities in Taiwan. Brownfield remediation was assessed as ex situ excavation, in situ physicochemical treatment, and phytoremediation. The localities in tropical Southern Taiwan would have a higher feed‐in tariff revenue (US$0.1750 kWh–1) due to a higher daily power generating efficiency from sunlight. The capital cost including the PV modules would be approximately US$27.1–US$440 million, but the 20‐year operation and maintenance costs would be much lower. The residual value of the PV systems would be significant (US$0.03–$4.7 million) if the systems are recycled at the end of their lifetime. The total revenues from building PV systems on remediated brownfields would be US$463 241–$7 597 138, with a payback period of less than 13 years. The benefit/cost ratios of the PV systems would be between 1.26 and 1.86 depending on the remediation costs. The payback period would be extended to 16 years with a US$0.61 million ha–1 net present value if the brownfields are remediated by phytoremediation. The sensitivity analysis found that the capital costs, feedback fund, and daily power generating efficiency would be US$343 097 for every 1% of the total revenue. It is worth building a PV system if the cost of land is higher than the net present value of the PV system.
Attachment and alexithymia predict emotional–behavioural problems of institutionalized, late‐adopted and community adolescents: An explorative multi‐informant mixed‐method study
Authors: Muzi Stefania , Pace Cecilia Serena
Published: June 2023

Objective

Compared to community adolescents (COM), adolescents placed in residential care (RC) or late adopted (LA) appear to show more emotional–behavioural problems. They also appear vulnerable in variables linked to emotional–behavioural problems, such as insecure–disorganized attachment and alexithymia. This study employs a mixed‐method multi‐informant approach to (1) compare adolescents placed in RC, LA and COM in emotional–behavioural problems, attachment and alexithymia and (2) investigate relationships and interplay of attachment and alexithymia concerning emotional–behavioural problems in these three groups.

Method

Participants were 174 adolescents (50 RC, 33 LA and 91 COM; Mage = 15, 53% boys and 47% girls). Adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed through both caregiver‐reported and self‐reported questionnaires, while attachment and alexithymia were assessed with a mixed method, using interviews and self‐report questionnaires.

Results

The results showed RC adolescents as more vulnerable in all variables, while LA and COM did not differ. Accounting for the group, attachment and alexithymia cumulatively predicted 25–43% of internalizing problems, and 19–43% of externalizing problems depending on the method of assessment or problems' informant (all p < 0.01). Alexithymia was both an independent predictor and interacted with preoccupied attachment in predicting internalizing problems, while no predictors were isolated for externalizing ones, and the group never indicate an effect on problems' rates.

Conclusions

The authors discuss the utility to maintain a research focus on attachment and alexithymia, also suggesting future directions of research. A need to determine potential distortions of results because of problems' informant and method of assessment is also highlighted.
Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of C(OH)−C Bonds to Produce Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by CuI−1,10‐phenanthroline Complex
Authors: Zhao Ziwei , Zhang Zhanrong , Meng Qinglei , Chen Bingfeng , Song Jinliang , Liu Huizhen , Han Buxing
Published: June 2023

Effective cleavage and functionalization of C(OH)−C bonds is of great importance for the production of value‐added chemicals from renewable biomass resources such as carbohydrates, lignin and their derivatives. The efficiency and selectivity of oxidative cleavage of C(OH)−C bonds are hindered by their inert nature and various side reactions associated with the hydroxyl group. The oxidative conversion of secondary alcohols to produce aldehydes is particularly challenging because the generated aldehydes tend to be over‐oxidized to acids or the other side products. Noble‐metal based catalysts are necessary to get satisfactory aldehyde yields. Herein, for the first time, the efficient aerobic oxidative conversion of secondary aromatic alcohols into aromatic aldehydes is reported using non‐noble metal catalysts and environmentally benign oxygen, without any additional base. It was found that CuI−1,10‐phenanthroline (Cu−phen) complex showed outstanding performance for the reactions. The C(OH)−C bonds of a diverse array of aromatic secondary alcohols were effectively cleaved and functionalized, selectively affording aldehydes with excellent yields. Detailed mechanism study revealed a radical mediated pathway for the oxidative reaction. We believe that the findings in this work will lead to many explorations in non‐noble metal catalyzed oxidative reactions.
Simulated annealing‐based high‐level synthesis methodology for reliable and energy‐aware application specific integrated circuit designs with multiple supply voltages
Authors: Dilek Selma , Tosun Suleyman , Cakin Alperen
Published: June 2023

Integrated circuits have become more vulnerable to soft errors due to smaller transistor sizes and lower threshold voltage levels. Energy reduction methods make circuits more error‐prone since even the smallest amounts of environmental radiation can cause a bit flip. Furthermore, redundancy‐based error detection and correction methods induce higher costs and area overhead. Thus, several conflicting parameters may need to be considered during embedded system design (e.g., area, performance, energy, and reliability). High‐level synthesis (HLS) is the most practical design step to consider all these parameters as complexity increases at lower levels. HLS can be viewed as a multi‐objective optimization problem of finding a set of Pareto‐optimal designs, allowing designers to choose the ones that best fit the requirements. Moreover, the number of synthesis options superlinearly affects the search space growth, necessitating efficient optimization methods. In this study, we propose simulated annealing (SA)‐based HLS methods for multi‐Vcc application‐specific integrated circuit design, aiming to optimize energy consumption and reliability under the area and latency constraints. Furthermore, we use duplication to improve design reliability as much as the constraints allow. We compared our methods against genetic algorithm (GA)‐based and integer linear programming (ILP)‐based methods and showed their effectiveness in finding optimum or near‐optimum results in a short running time. SA‐based methods achieved up to 21.20% reliability improvement on average and up to 38% energy reduction on average, while preserving the reliability value against the GA‐based metaheuristic counterpart under joint reliability and energy optimization on four HLS benchmarks.
Experimental feeding validates nanofluidic array technology for DNA detection of ungulate prey in wolf scats
Authors: Di Bernardi Cecilia , Wikenros Camilla , Ciucci Paolo , Boitani Luigi , Sand Håkan , Åkesson Mikael
Published: June 2023

The study of carnivores' diet is a key component to enhance knowledge on the ecology of predators and their effect on prey populations. Although molecular approaches to detect prey DNA in carnivore scats are improving, the validation of their accuracy, a prerequisite for reliable applications within ecological frameworks, is still lagging behind the methodological advances. Indeed, variation in detection probability among prey species can occur, representing a potentially insidious source of bias in food‐habit studies of carnivores. Calibration of DNA‐based methods involves the optimization of specificity and sensitivity and, whereas priority is usually given to the former to avoid false positives, sensitivity is rarely investigated so that false negatives may be largely overlooked. We conducted feeding trials with captive wolves (Canis lupus) to validate a nanofluidic array technology recently developed for the detection of multiple prey species in scats. Using 371 scat samples from 12 wolves fed with a single‐prey diet, the sensitivity of our nanofluidic array method varied between 0.45 and 0.95 for the six main ungulate prey species. The method sensitivity was enhanced by using multiple markers per species and by a relatively low threshold of number of amplifying markers required to confirm a detection. Yet, at least two markers should be used to avoid false positives. By acknowledging sources of bias in sensitivity to reliably interpret the results of DNA‐based dietary methods, our study highlights the relevance of feeding experiments to optimally calibrate the relative thresholds to define a positive detection and investigate the occurrence and extent of biases in sensitivity.
An experimental study of the impact of liquefaction‐induced displacement on buried pipelines for buildings
Authors: Ko Yung‐Yen , Wang Hung‐Wei , Jheng Kun‐Yan
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to investigate the impact of soil liquefaction‐induced displacement on buried pipelines critical to the serviceability of buildings, including those for potable water and natural gas. The emphasis was on the service lines connecting distribution mains and buildings due to their higher vulnerability. Two types of forced displacement tests were conducted on full‐scale physical models of buried service lines. One simulated the uplift or subsidence of distribution mains as the soil surrounding the pipelines is completely liquefied, while the other simulated the building settlement due to partial loss of foundation bearing capacity in various conditions of surrounding soil. The longitudinal strains, deflection, and possible leakage of pipelines were monitored during these tests. The results showed that sufficiently large displacement could cause yielding and pulling out from the joint of the pipe. However, high pipe flexibility and joint strength provided adequate resilience of buried pipelines to these damage modes. The corrugated section of stainless‐steel pipe was also verified to reduce strain in the pipeline. Additionally, when a pipeline was subjected to building settlement, liquefaction of surrounding soil or not led to different strain distribution and deflection along the pipeline. Local buckling of the pipe near the loaded end was induced in non‐liquefied cases due to the combination of forced displacement and soil reaction. These findings give a better knowledge of the resistance performance of buried pipelines against liquefaction‐induced displacement.
Cucumis melo var agrestis based activated carbon/manganese ammonium phosphate @ carbon hollow sphere in dual redox additives for supercapattery device
Authors: Raja T. Arul , Vickraman Palanisamy , Ravi Vinoth Kumar
Published: June 2023

The electrochemical performance of manganese ammonium phosphate (MnAP) intercalated carbon hollow sphere (CS) at four mass variates has been investigated. The XRD, Raman, SEM, and electrochemical studies reveal that only 50 mg of CS strongly intercalating with MnAP (MnAP@CS2) is observed. The half‐cell test has shown the profound pseudocapacitance for 50 mg intercalated MnAP@CS2 hybrid composite (2545 C g−1 @ 1 A g−1 in KI added 2 M H2SO4) and confirms the imminence of optimal mass concentration of CS with MnAP and the effect of KI redox additive towards enhancing the specific capacity. The supercapattery hybrid device (SBHD) using MnAP@CS2 as the positive electrode and as newly synthesized activated carbon (AC) derived from cucumis melo var agrestis as a negative electrode is examined in pure 3 M H2SO4 and in 0.025 M KI/VOSO4 dual redox additive added 3 M H2SO4. The exquisite complacency requisite on specific capacitance (536 C g−1/149 mAh g−1 @ 1 A g−1 @ 20 A g−1), energy density (80 Wh g−1), and capacity retention (89% for 5000 charge‐discharge cycles) have profusely advocating MnAP@CS2 and AC for SBH device applications.
Interspecific competition and productivity in a dryland silage maize/alfalfa intercropping system
Authors: Wu Yuhuan , Ma Qianhu , Ma Longshuai , Wang Zikui
Published: June 2023

Cereal–legume intercropping has the potential to reduce the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and increase forage yield and quality, however, how to optimize system design to fully realize interspecific complementary and enhance crop production in an annual and perennial crops intercropping was not well understood. This study was conducted to evaluate the interspecific interaction and yield performance of silage maize (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropping in response to N management and row arrangement under the rain‐fed conditions on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Five planting arrangements, namely, sole maize, sole alfalfa, and maize and alfalfa intercropping in rows of 1:2 (I12), 2:2 (I22), and 2:4 (I24), were compared over a period of 4 years (2018–2021). Two N‐levels (150 and 90 kg N ha−1) were applied to maize in each planting arrangement. Our results show that maize was the dominant species in 2018. In the next 3 years (2019–2021), maize was outcompeted by alfalfa during the first and second cuts of alfalfa, and complete recovery growth of maize was recorded at the third cut. The interspecific competition of I24 was less severe, resulting in a higher yield than I12 and I22. Although the reduction of N application reduced the biomass and crude protein (CP) yield, it weakened the interspecific competition and substantially increased the land equivalent ratio (LER). I24 under low N yielded more than sole cropping, with the LER based on biomass and CP yield of 1.01–1.12 and 1.08–1.18, respectively. In addition, I24 had the highest net revenue of 24,251 ¥ ha−1 on average. Therefore, maize/alfalfa intercrop with a higher alfalfa proportion and a wide strip arrangement (I24) in combination with low N application could alleviate interspecific competition and improve forage production, which is suggested for our study region and similar dryland farming areas worldwide. Maize/alfalfa intercropping provides a basis for grain and livestock mixed farming and helps to improve food supply and resilience of the farming system.
Filter sterilized carcass rinsate for recovery of Salmonella species with various concentrations of cetylpyridinium chloride
Authors: Cosby Douglas E. , Berrang Mark E. , Frye Jonathan , Hinton Arthur
Published: June 2023

Controlling Salmonella in poultry processing continues to be important to processors and consumers. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) has proven to be effective in vitro in controlling Salmonella. This study evaluated the recovery of Salmonella after overnight storage in 4°C filter‐sterilized carcass rinsate containing CPC from 0.44 to 909 ppm (μg/mL). Ten Salmonella serotypes (18 strains), of which 6 serotypes are commonly isolated from poultry products, were grown in Bacto‐Tryptic Soy Broth overnight at 37°C. Serial dilutions of a CPC/propylene glycol solution were prepared in 24‐well tissue culture plates containing filter‐sterilized carcass rinsate. Approximately 107 cfu/mL of each Salmonella serotype was added to the appropriate wells. Inoculated plates were stored overnight at 4°C. After storage, triplicate plates of brilliant green agar with sulfapyridine (BGS) were surface inoculated with 10 μL of the contents for each well, streaked for isolation, and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Three replications were conducted. The presence of typical colonies on BGS plates was recorded as growth and verified through biochemical and serological testing. Of the serotypes chosen, Salmonella Kentucky, Dublin, and Enteritidis were the least resistant to CPC with a median minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 14.22 μg/mL (range from 3.55 to 56.88 μg/mL); S. Typhimurium demonstrated a median MIC of 114.00 μg/mL (range from 28.44 to 114.00 μg/mL). Residual CPC potentially remaining attached to a carcass or in the weep after processing could potentially alter which Salmonella serotype is recovered from a carcass rinse due to different growth patterns during regulatory testing, with a potential for more virulent strains not to be recovered.