bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injury Prediction in Sports using Artificial Intelligence Applications: A Brief Review
Authors: Kumar G. Syam , Kumar M. Dilip , Reddy Sareddy Venkata Rami , Kumari B. V. Seshu , Reddy Ch. Rami
Published: March 2024

Avoiding injuries in sports has always depended on historical records and human experience. This is despite using injuries being a major and unsolvable issue. The development of more precise preventative procedures using the now available approaches has been excruciatingly sluggish. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) as potentially valuable procedures to improve damage prevention and recovery procedures has been made possible by technological advances that have made these areas more accessible. This article presents a detailed summary of ML approaches as they have been used to predict and anticipate sports injuries to this point in time. The research conducted over the last five years has been collated, and its results have been untaken. Assuming the present absence of accessible sources, standardized statistics, and a dependence on obsolete deterioration prototypes, it is impossible to draw any definitive conclusions regarding the real-world effectiveness of machine learning in terms of its application to the prediction of sports injuries. However, it has been hypothesized that resolving these two problems would make it possible to deploy innovative, strong machine-learning architectures, which will hasten the process of increasing the state of this area while also offering proven clinical tools.
Prediction of Respiration Measurement Based on Temperature Differences of Fresh Strawberry (Fragaria x Ananassa var. Kelly Bright) in a Tropical Environment
Authors: Rizky Widha Mutiara , Pamungkas Agung Putra , Falah Mohammad Affan Fajar
Published: March 2024

Strawberry is a high-economic-value horticultural product that can be cultivated in tropical areas like Indonesia. Horticultural products retain their metabolism after harvest, such as respiration, which is an indicator of the degradation of products during storage. This study aimed to determine the best equation for predicting the respiration of strawberries cultivated using hydroponics in a greenhouse in Cangkringan, Yogyakarta. The respiration rate during storage was measured using an oxygen meter (DO-5510, Lutron, Taiwan) and a carbon dioxide meter (GH-2018 model, Lutron, Taiwan) in a closed system using an acrylic closed chamber. Five types of Michaelis-Menten equations were chosen as the best type based on R². The Arrhenius equation was used to get the highest value of R2 to predict the effects of temperature on respiration. Statistical analysis was used to determine the impact of treatments on the respiration rate. Based on the Arrhenius equation, the respiration of strawberries on postharvest in tropical environments depended on temperature. The best type for predicting the respiration of strawberries using the Michaelis-Menten mathematical model is competitive with an R2 value of 0.88. Therefore, the appropriate postharvest treatment is essential to add carbon dioxide or reduce oxygen levels.
From diagnosis to treatment- Navigating Chromoblastomycosis
Authors: Devaraj Yogesh , Swaroop Mukunda Ranga , K Amita , Panigrahi Shubhashree , A Athira Ajay
Published: March 2024

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal skin infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, characterized by nodular skin lesions and the presence of sclerotic bodies in affected tissues. Here, we report a case of chromoblastomycosis from Karnataka, India. A 22 years old female patient presented with a history of a vegetating ulcer with crusting. The diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis was made by demonstration of sclerotic bodies on histopathology of the biopsy specimen. Presence of pigment, multinucleate giant cells and eosinophils were the clues to search for the dematacious fungi on histopathology. High degree of suspicion by the clinician and the pathologist is important for definitive diagnosis.
Seismic Assessment of Electrical Equipment in Power Substations: A Case Study for Circuit Breakers
Authors: Kaatsız Kaan , Alıcı Fırat Soner , Erberik Murat Altuğ
Published: March 2024

Electric power is essential in post-earthquake periods for the continuous functionality of disaster management and emergency services. In addition, interruption of electric power can cause significant economic losses due to downtime of critical facilities. Therefore, it is very important to maintain seismic safety of electric power systems and components. There are existing seismic regulations and standards regarding electric power systems, especially in the United States of America (USA) and Europe. A similar regulation has been prepared recently in Türkiye, which is a country in a seismically active region. This study focuses on the current state of practice regarding the seismic assessment of electrical equipment in power stations and implementation of the regulations on seismic qualification of these systems. Among many electrical equipment, circuit breakers have been selected for case study. The seismic assessment of the selected high voltage equipment has been performed according to the new regulation under the seismic hazard specifically defined for Türkiye. The case study experiment presents the new methodology in evaluating and classifying the seismic response of high voltage electrical equipment and provides insight to the expected behaviour of circuit breakers under earthquake induced action.
Russian and Western approaches to the study of state policy in the aircraft industry: Comparative analysis
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences RAS, Petrova Iuliia V.
Published: March 2024

The article presents a comparative analysis of Russian and Western (North American and European) approaches to the study of public policy in the aircraft industry. The key works of Russian and foreign authors devoted to the analysis of state policy in the aviation industry are considered, the context of research is determined, as well as their main directions, the current state of the practice of studying state policy in the aviation industry in Russia and Western countries is described. Based on the results of the work, a conclusion is made about the historically established differences in the approaches of domestic and foreign authors to the study of state policy in the aviation industry. While the Western research tradition is characterized by the attribution of the problems of state policy in the aviation industry to the subject field of economics, then in Russian practice the transition of the considered problems from historical science to economics (in the direction of solving applied problems) is manifested. In addition, for Russian researchers, the issue of the development of the aviation industry lies in the political and social sphere (the industry aims to ensure the connectivity of the country’s territory, the mobility of the population, the expansion of logistics opportunities for cargo transportation, the development of the Arctic zone, etc.). More attention is paid to the political and managerial, social and geopolitical factors of the development of the industry.
Residents’ perceptions of the urban environment and requests for its changes in resource-type regions (the example of Kemerovo)
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Brandt Yana A. , Kranzeeva Elena A. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: March 2024

The article examines residents' perceptions of the urban environment in a resource-type region. The ideas are identified, and key requests for changing the urban environment are analyzed. The purpose of the article is to identify the ideas of the urban environment and analyze the key requests of residents to change it. Depending on the experience of interaction with the urban environment, general and personalized requests are formed. The presented study, includes a questionnaire survey and the focus group interview with the residents of Kemerovo. The focus group interview was attended by such groups of citizens as “Schoolchildren”, “Old-timers of the city”, a group of representatives of the cultural and educational sphere of the city, “City activists”. As a result, ideas about the history of the city, the problems of the territory, the uniqueness of the city and the future of the city are highlighted. The ideas about the city are formed under the influence of various factors, such as an age, an occupation, a level of education, etc. “Schoolchildren” perceive the city as a place of birth and study; “Old-timers” do it through the prism of their experience, including professional; “Historians, cultural experts” see the city as a reflection of history, and “Urban activists” see a space for the changes and the implementation of their projects. In the minds of Kemerovo residents, industry is an important part of the city; on the other hand, the transition to new sectors of development is important for residents. It was revealed that residents, even when articulating a request to change the urban environment, prefer to play passive roles in the process of solving urban problems. Kemerovo residents are aware of the problems of the urban environment, but are not ready for concrete actions to solve them.
Features of agenda setting in Telegram
Authors:   St. Petersburg University, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences RAS, Lukyanova Galina V. , Solovev Arkadii Yu. ,   St. Petersburg University, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences RAS
Published: March 2024

This article focuses on the aspects of agenda formation in Russian-language Telegram messenger channels. Within the framework of the classical model of M. McCombs and D. Shaw, the main principles of agenda setting by traditional media are analyzed. Building upon the findings of more recent research in the field of agenda setting in the digital space, the authors highlight the advantages of social media as communication platforms and potential reasons for their increasing popularity among both individuals and political actors. Furthermore, the relevant features of the Telegram messenger in the context of political communication are systematically described, such as the lack of strict content moderation, emphasis on the speed of information exchange, user privacy, and the need for an individualized approach to shaping the information field for each user. Based on the platform’s characteristics, a model for agenda formation is proposed, which involves categorizing channels into two levels: content information producers and news aggregators/interpreters. The hypothesis is also put forward that channels that aggregate and interpret information through an extensive network of links have the greatest potential for setting the agenda for their audience. To test the model, a pilot study was conducted using the Tgstat service, where the top 10 most cited channels from the “Media and News” and “Politics” categories for October 2023 were selected. Subsequently, no more than 50 channels were included in the analysis, those which were most frequently mentioned by the popular authors. The researchers conclude that multiple agendas can coexist within the messenger within various thematic blocks. These thematic blocks are formed through the network of links to channels that the most popular platforms on the messenger feature in their news feeds.
Criminal Proceedings in Absentia: Reflections during the Special Military Operation
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Judicial Activities and Criminal Procedure of the Ural State Law University Named after V.F. Yakovlev, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Militsin Sergey D.
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the features of absentee proceedings in criminal cases. The author substantiates the need and possibility of completing the preliminary investigation and sending the criminal case to court in the absence of the accused upon the occurrence of certain circumstances and conditions during a special military operation conducted by the Russian Federation.
Private Military Companies of the 21st Century as Mission-Oriented Corporations
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Operations of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Barkov Aleksey V. , Petrash Igor P. ,   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law of the Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, PhD (Law)
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the article is to present evidence of the novelty of the structure of private military companies of the 21st century by exclusion of their prototype of the 11th to the 19th century and demonstration of testing of certain elements of the experimental legal regime in respect of such subjects within the framework of a working hypothesis, taking into account corporate law trends of the 21st century.
National Security Authorities: Terminology Features
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Organization of Judicial, Prosecution and Investigative Activities of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Military Science, LL.D., Associate Professor, Kudinov Vladimir V.
Published: March 2024

The article is dedicated to relevant issues of legal act drafting in the security assurance sphere in the Russian Federation. The author shows some features of the development of the legal regulation in the activities of security authorities based on an analysis of regulations of our country. The use of “national security authority” and “security authority” terms in the Russian laws is shown in the historical development, from 1917 to the present day.
Introduction to the Computer Simulations: Script
Authors: Novak Nejc , Borovinšek Matej , Vesenjak Matej , Ren Zoran
Published: March 2024

The script entitled „Introduction to the computer simulations“ in the field of Engineering Computer Simulations is intended as a study aid in the lectures of the courses Engineering Computer Simulations for foreign students at the University of Maribor and for students at Kumamoto University, Japan. It explains all the material that students must master in these subjects, and is consistent with the subject curriculum. The basics of computational simulations, based on the Finite Element Method, are given from the theoretical basics to step-by-step preparation of simple computational models and their analysis in PrePoMax software.
Şiirsel Bir Arayış Anlatısı Olarak Murathan Mungan'ın Çador'u: “Bir İmaya Dönüşüyor Her Şey”
Authors: Can Gülşen
Published: March 2024

Yazınsal eserler için türlere ait kuralların esnekleştiği ve eser sahibinin söyleminin önem kazandığı günümüzde, yapıtları belli tür sınıflandırmalarına tabi tutmak, yazınsal türleri kesin çizgilerle ayırmak zorlaşmıştır. Roman, hikâye, şiir gibi türlerin birleşimi konumundaki “mutant metin”ler çoğalmış, yazınsal söylemi belirli bir türe ait çerçeve ile tanımlama gayreti gereklilik olmaktan çıkmıştır. Murathan Mungan’ın Çador eseri de şiir, hikâye, roman, anlatı, mensur şiir şeklinde birbirinden farklı türlerle tanımlanabilir konumdadır. Çador’un tür olarak yaşadığı tanım sorununu aşmak, esere belli bir plan dâhilinde bakabilmek için Mungan’ın eserini konusu, kurgusu, dil ve üslubu ve diğer teknik özellikleriyle “imgesel bir anlatı” olarak tanımlamak mümkündür.

Bu araştırmada, dil bilimi ve gösterge bilimi metotlarından yararlanılarak içerik analizi yöntemi ile Çador anlatısı çözümlenmiş; anlatıların açıklayıcı unsurları olarak özet, konu ve izlek, anlatıcı ve bakış açısı, anlatı kişileri, olay, zaman, mekân, dil ve üslup başlıkları ile metin açımlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, yapıta dair her türlü olgunun sembolik özellik taşıdığı ve ancak zihindeki tasarımlarla anlatı atmosferinin yakalanabileceği görülmüş; şiirsel bir anlatı olan Çador’un başlı başına bir metafor, bir sembol olarak okuyucunun önüne sunulmuş kurmaca bir dünya olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Çador, “sıkıştırılmış” ve “ortak-sözceleyen”inin imgesel tasarımına-tamamlamasına sunulmuş kısa sözlerle açılan-derinleşen “yoğun bir anlatı”dır. Murathan Mungan, içerisinde bir “örtü”yü ördüğü ve zihinde açımlanmayınca görülemeyecek-keşfedilemeyecek olan eserinin her bir perdesini aralamayı okuyucusunun ellerine bırakmış durumdadır. İmgelerle örülü bir anlatı olan Çador’un yazınsal olarak incelenmesi, bu örtülü dünyanın az da olsa aydınlatılması amacını taşımaktadır.
Cenzura wobec tematu powstania warszawskiego w literaturze pięknej w latach 1956–1958
Authors: Kloc Agnieszka
Published: March 2024

Temat powstania warszawskiego od momentu jego zaistnienia podlegał licznym manipulacjom aż do całkowitego wyeliminowania w okresie stalinowskim. Dopiero okres liberalizacji kultury oraz zmniejszenie skali „represji” GUKPPiW doprowadziły do ponownego powrotu wspomnianego zagadnienia w literaturze. Właściwa analiza skupia się na wskazaniu odniesienia cenzury do kreowanego przez autorów obrazu powstania, ale również na określeniu poprzez przykłady wybranych utworów treści akceptowanych, odrzucanych i przeinaczanych przez cenzurę. Na podstawie konfrontacji dokumentów cenzorskich z tekstem wydanych dzieł określona została nie tylko stosowana przez GUKPPiW różnorodna głębokość ingerencji, ale również wskazano metody manipulacji danymi faktami historycznymi na takich płaszczyznach jak: ukazywanie przez twórcę wewnętrznego podziału żołnierzy biorących udział w powstaniu jako waleczne „doły” i „stojące z bronią u nogi” dowództwo, określanie nastawienia autora do Armii Ludowej, I Armii Wojska Polskiego, Armii Krajowej czy Armii Radzieckiej i jej bierności podczas powstania.
Biodiversity in Swamp Ecosystem in Sukamaju Village, Malind District, Merauke Regency, South Papua Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sembiring J. , Merly S.L. , Herdjiono M.V.I. , Pangaribuan R.D. , Untari Untari , Mangera Y. , Praptiwi I.I.
Published: March 2024

Background: The level of diversity has a crucial role in the stability of the ecosystem. The higher the variety, the more stable an ecosystem, including agricultural land cultivated by farmers. Increasing of population affected the higher demanding of community towards their consumption activities. Especially, the natural resources that comes from local area such as Sukamaju District. Biodiversity of resources urgently needed to preserve the ecosystems meanwhile being the potential source to fulfilled nourishment of the people. This study aims to determine the diversity of peatland ecosystems by using a purposive sampling method in every selection of subject groups based on the characteristics or characteristics of a specific population. Methods: Field and Laboratory activities are needed in this research. Sample collection using several methods according to the targeted sample. Most of the sample using purposive sampling but also line intercept transect method. Fish sampling used a fishing gear called a gill net with a mesh size of 2-7 inches. The fish caught is placed in a labeled coolbox. Insect collection was running in the morning at 07.00-11.00 and in the afternoon at 3-5 pm (UTC+09:00). Sampling is held once a month for three months at predetermined coordinate points. Diversity was analyzed using Shannon-Wienner diversity, evenness index, dominance index and intensity on peatlands. Result: The results found seven orders and 30 families, with a total population of 1,231 individuals. The most dominant types of insects are the orders Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. High diversity index (H'=3.021), high evenness index (E= 0.86243) and low dominance index (D=0.3101). Fish community structure obtained diversity index (H') included in the medium category, for uniformity values in the high class and dominance index values in the low sort. The dominant fish species found were Channa striata, Anabas testudineus, Lates calcalifer, Mugil cephalus, Plotosus papuensis and Toxotes chataerus, while Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Hexanematichthys sagor and Megalops cyprinoides. While the types of molluscs found to have the highest abundance were Pila ampullacea, Pomacea canaliculata and Pilsbryoconcha exilis.
Body Size Effect in Eothenomys miletus of Different Regions from Hengduan Mountain Regions: Roles of Growth Factor Contents
Authors: Jia Ting , Liao Yuqiu , Zhang Di , Zhang Hao , Fan Lixian , Zhu Wanlong
Published: March 2024

Background: Growth factors are active substances secreted by a variety of cells, acting as messengers to regulate cell migration, proliferation or differentiation, which had important regulatory roles in the growth of individual cells, tissues or organs. Growth factors can regulate the proliferation and differentiation ability of cells, which keep the internal environment stable and affect the body size. Methods: In order to investigate the influence of the changes of growth factors contents on body size in Eothenomys miletus from Hengduan mountain regions, E. miletus in Dali (DL), Jianchuan (JC), Lijiang (LJ), Xianggelila (XGLL) and Deqin (DQ) were collected and their 7 morphological indicators and 9 growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), growth hormone release inhibitory factor (GRIF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transcription elongation factor1 (TCEA1), a disintegrin and metalloprotease17 (ADAM7), branched-chain amino acid transaminase1 (BCAT1), high mobility group protein1 (HMG1) were measured. Result: The results showed that body size of E. miletus among five regions had significant differentiated, body mass, body length, forelimb length, hind limb length, tail length, IGF, bFGF, EGF, PDGF, TCEA1 contents in DL, JC and LJ were greater than those of in XGLL and DQ and the contents of GRIF, ADAM7, BCAT1 and HMG1 were also different, decreasing with the increasing of regional latitude. Moreover, the increases in the contents of growth factors lead to the increase of body size in E. miletus, which does not support Bergman's law. Regional differences in body size of E. miletus in different regions may be related to the changes in body mass, morphological indicators and the content of growth factors. Moreover, growth factors may affect the body size of E. miletus by affecting the proliferation of bone, epidermis, muscle and differentiation of cells.
Biological Control of Gummy Stem Blight Caused by Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) on Watermelon by Bacillus sp. Strains
Authors: Tran T.X.P. , Ngo T.Q.H. , Tran D.H.
Published: March 2024

Background: The gummy stem blight caused by the fungal pathogen Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) is a common and serious disease of watermelon plants in Vietnam. Bacillus species have been used to control plant diseases as biological control agents. The objectives of this studies were to determine the fungal inhibition of D. bryoniae and disease suppression of gummy stem blight under greenhouse by Bacillus sp. strains. Methods: The study was carried out at University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University during 2022-2023. Six potential Bacillus strains namely S1A1, S1F3, S13E2, S13E3, S18F11 and S20D12 isolated from stem-base of groundnut in central Vietnam were tested its fungal inhibition of D. bryoniae and disease suppression of gummy stem blight. Result: All tested strains of Bacillus sp. showed inhibition of the hyphal growth of D. bryoniae strain DB-01 in potato dextrose broth. Among the strains, Bacillus sp. S20F12 had highest inhibition of the growth of mycelia of D. bryoniae strain DB-01 with an antagonistic efficiency of 65.7% at 10 days after fungal inoculation. By 21 days after fungal inoculation, disease incidences were low in the plants treated with Bacillus sp. S20D12 and S1F3 by 46.6 and 50.0% and disease severity by 15,3% and 20.6%, respectively. As results, watermelon plants were prevented from damage of gummy stem blight caused by D. bryoniae strain BD-01 by Bacillus sp. S20D12 and S1F13. The results would contribute to the knowledge of antagonistic activities of the Bacillus to optimize the biological control against D. bryoniae.
Efficacia e sicurezza dello switch a dolutegravir + doravirina in persone con HIV pesantemente pretrattate, con comorbidità ...
Authors: Ruiu et al. Stefano
Published: March 2024

Le persone che vivono con l’HIV/AIDS (PWH) che hanno accesso alla terapia antiretrovirale (ART) e raggiungono la soppressione della carica virale plasmatica ora hanno un’aspettativa di vita quasi normale. Nelle linee guida attuali per il trattamento, i profili degli effetti collaterali giocano un ruolo significativo nella considerazione di farmaci specifici. Accanto al miglioramento della tollerabilità delle singole
sostanze, c’è un crescente interesse nell’utilizzare regimi a due farmaci (2DR) invece delle tradizionali combinazioni a tre farmaci per ridurre la tossicità a lungo termine. L’uso dei 2DR potrebbe contribuire a minimizzare gli effetti collaterali a lungo termine rispetto alle combinazioni tradizionali a tre farmaci. Il regime dolutegravir (DTG) + doravirina (DOR) potrebbe essere particolarmente utile per i pazienti che
necessitano di un regime che mantenga un’elevata efficacia virologica riducendo al contempo la tossicità complessiva e il carico farmacologico. In questa serie di casi, presentiamo tre casi clinici di PWH che sono passati a DTG + DOR.
Marriages across borders within the European Union
Authors: Marino Silvia , Carrascosa González Javier
Published: March 2024

The present paper tackles the issue of the recognition of cross-border marriages and their effects within the European Union. The current praxis allows interesting remarks on the cross-border effects of foreign marriages and their recognition in the perspective of the rights to free movement and to family life. In this framework, the paper scrutinizes a potential definition of the marriage, whether according to EU free movement law or to European human rights law. Due to the lack of a commonly accepted definition, it tests the classic approach to the circulation of foreign documents and certificates, i.e. the conflict of laws perspective. Leading on, it analyses the more fashionable method of the mutual recognition of situations created abroad, as modelled by some States and tested in some cases by the European Courts, too. Despite important advantages, this method does not seem easily accepted for the circulation of the status of spouse(s) and of the institution of marriage. With the aim to push towards enhanced free movement rights and strengthened human rights, the present paper offers some final remarks regarding the legal value of (international) family law in the framework of a social Constitution of the EU.
Elección tácita de ley aplicable contraria a pacto expreso previo en el contrato - A propósito de la SAP de Barcelona 756/2023 de 19 de mayo de 2023
Authors: Orbegozo Miguel Xabier
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo parte del análisis de una resolución de la AP de Barcelona referida a un contrato de compraventa de participaciones de una sociedad constituida en Rumanía entre personas con residencia habitual en España. Dicho contrato contenía una cláusula de elección de foro a favor de los tribunales rumanos, eligiéndose la legislación del mismo Estado para regir el contrato. Obtenida una primera resolución desfavorable en Rumanía la demandante demanda en España para obtener la nulidad del contrato. Tanto la demanda como la contestación se se fundamentan en Derecho español. Analizaremos la competencia de los tribunales españoles, la posibilidad de aplicar un Derecho que no es el previsto en el contrato por acuerdo tácito posterior y las eventuales dificultades para reconocer esta sentencia española en Rumanía.
Risk Factor Analysis and Genetic Parameter Estimation for Pre-weaning Mortality Traits in Boer, Spanish, and Crossbred Goat Kids
Authors: Chen Liuhong , Foxworth William , Horner Scott , Hitit Mustafa , Kidane Negusse , Memili Erdogan
Published: March 2024

The objectives of this study were to evaluate fixed risk factors associated with PWM and to estimate genetic parameters for PWM. A total of 927 birth records from a mixed population of purebred and crossbred Boer and Spanish goats born between 2016 and 2023 at the International Goat Research Center (IGRC) were used for this study. Four binary traits were studied: D0-3 (death within 3 days after birth), D4-60 (death between 4 and 60 days), D61-90 (death between 61 and 90 days), and D0-90 (death within 90 days). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk factors associated with PWM traits. Bayesian threshold models and Gibbs sampling were used to estimate the genetic parameters. Birth weight, season, litter size, sex, dam age, breed, and heterosis were found to be significantly associated with at least one of the PWM traits. Heritability estimates were 0.263, 0.124, 0.080, and 0.207, for D0-3, D4-60, D61-90, and D0-90, respectively. The genetic correlations between the studied traits ranged from 0.892 (D0-3 and D0-90) to 0.999 (D0-3 and D61-90). These results suggest that PWM in goats is influenced by both non-genetic and genetic factors and can be reduced by management, genetic selection, and crossbreeding approaches.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management In The Korean Electronics Industry
Authors: Farohiddin Ziyovuddin Mukhammadaliev , Kim Hyun Jeon
Published: March 2024

Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) represents a critical strategy for the electronics industry to balance economic objectives with environmental and social responsibility across complex global production networks. This multiple case study analysis investigates SSCM integration within leading Korean electronics manufacturers Samsung, LG, and Hyundai. In-depth qualitative data, focus groups, and sustainability report analysis reveals the policies, practices, results and implementation barriers related to incorporating sustainability criteria across procurement, manufacturing, distribution and recycling functions. Findings show sustainability considerations increasingly driven by cost, risk, reputational and regulatory factors, with vertical coordination initiatives helping transfer knowledge to assist suppliers on compliance and emissions reductions. Yet substantial obstacles persist around monitoring, coordination, transparency and technical capabilities, especially amongst lower tiers. The paper discusses how common reporting standards, ethical sourcing certification and partnerships can accelerate electronics supply chain sustainability. By mapping integration achievements and gaps, this study informs managerial best practices and policy reforms toward promoting socially and ecologically responsible models for Korea's vital export industry as it navigates rising stakeholder pressures.
New Goodness-of-Fit Tests for the Kumaraswamy Distribution: A Simulation Study
Authors: Giles David E.
Published: March 2024

The two-parameter distribution introduced by Kumaraswamy (1980) is a very flexible alternative to the Beta distribution with the same (0,1) support. Originally proposed in the field of hydrology, it has subsequently received a good deal of positive attention in both the theoretical and applied statistics literatures. Interestingly, the problem of testing formally for the appropriateness of the Kumaraswamy distribution appears to have received little or no attention to date. To fill this gap, in this paper we apply the “biased transformation” methodology proposed by Raschke (2009) to several standard goodness-of-fit tests based on the empirical distribution function. A simulation study reveals that these (modified) tests perform well in the context of the Kumaraswamy distribution, in terms of both low size distortion, and respectable power. In particular, the “biased transformation” Anderson-Darling test dominates the other tests that are considered.
Patterns and Changes in Life Expectancy in Korea, 1990-2020
Authors: Lim Dar Oh , Yoo Yeong Hyoen
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to measure the contribution of life expectancy to changes in mortality due to age, sign in Korea.Methods: This study used the life table data (1990-2020) and analyzed the data of the death statistics of the National Statistical Office in 1990 and 2020 (Categorization data by ICD-10). The contribution of differen ages, and causes of death to the change in life expectancy at birth during the 1900-2020 was estimated with a decomposition technique developed by Arriaga.Results: The contribution to the average life span of 1990-2007 was 7.50 years, and 2.91 years between 2007-2015. From 1990 to 2007, the positive contributing causes of death were cerebrovascular disease (0.781 years), hypertensive disease (0.599 years), and heart disease (0.475 years), and the negative contributing causes were intentional self-harm (-0.304 years), pneumonia (-0.209 years), and colon cancer (-0.092 years). From 2007 to 2015, the positive contributing causes were malignant neoplasms (0.548 years), cerebrovascular disease (0.529 years), and diabetes (0.162 years), and the negative contributing causes were pneumonia (-0.198 years), Alzheimer’s (-0.060 years), sepsis (-0.038 years), etc. From 2015 to 2020, the positive contributing causes of death were malignant neoplasms (0.474 years), cerebrovascular disease (0.301 years), and heart disease (0.475 years), and the negative contributing causes were intentional self-harm (-0.304 years), pneumonia (-0.209 years), and colon cancer (-0.092 years). In general, pneumonia was shown to be the cause of death with the largest negative contribution due to increased mortality, and the pattern by age group showed that the positive contribution was relatively large in the age group after 65 years of age. In common, the positive contribution of most causes decreased as time passed.Conclusions: The age group that contributed the most to the increase in life expectancy after 1990 was found to be 70-74 years old (0.74 years) from 1990-2007. In addition, it was found to have contributed significantly to those aged 70-74 (0.42 years) from 2007-2015 and those aged 75-79 (0.27 years) from 2015-2020. In the overall period, the contribution to average life expectancy appears to be large in the age group of 65 years or older, and in recent years, the contribution to average life expectancy from age 0 gradually decreases, while the contribution to average life expectancy in the middle-aged and older age group increases. This study evaluated the increase in life expectancy by age and cause of death by applying join point regression analysis, which can partially complement the limitations of existing models, to evaluate and analyze the amount of life expectancy according to changes in mortality level.
Applying Digital Rapid Response Ranking and Event Detection System in Oriente Basin
Authors: Yanez Jorge , Fuenmayor Roberto , Srivastava Prasoon , Sadek Nael , Vivas Pedro
Published: March 2024

During times of uncertainty, upstream producers focus on cost optimization and maximizing net profit bound by the highest safety and environmental impact. They seek the ability to decrease system failure rates, consequently minimizing downtime and lifting costs by extending equipment running life and optimizing operating costs. This paper's main objective is to showcase field results for electric submersible pump (ESP) optimization, ranking, and automatic event detection.

The Oriente Basin is the largest brownfield in Ecuador, from approximately 100 producer wells. Production is achieved from different reservoirs with a high water cut. The artificial lift method selected for these wells is solely ESP. There are several operational challenges; however, the main challenge is to rank the wells that need attention to act upon, to successfully improve the efficiency of operations to maximize productivity and reduce the ESP failure event.

A smart digital system was installed and equipped with trained artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) to predict a catalog of undesired and critical events and suggest potential actions, to reduce the time of action and avoid production losses and improve the ESPs’ performance indexes; specifically, mean time before failure (MTBF) and failure index (FI).

To achieve these goals, it is necessary to create a digital ecosystem that enables the integration of tools, surveillance, and knowledge. This integration must coincide with the process of going through a digital transformation. The framework includes gathering ESP data frequently, creating a fingerprint for the key ESP problems, understanding how operations conditions vary, and automatically updating the threshold. Opportunities are identified by implementing well thresholds, severity ranking systems, and AI/ML with advanced detection of undesired operating conditions.

Integrating the digital solution, in addition to continuous well review and diagnostics by specialist staff, detected critical ESP events, generated key alarms, and provided communication with the field in the appropriate time and way. Together these resulted in enhancing the ESP run life from 247 days to almost fourfold which is 950 days (about 2 and a half years).

The capacity to combine field knowledge and real-time data enabled with a rapid response AI/ML customized catalog of workflows created the possibility of intelligent actions in the digital field operations by detecting and ranking operational events, creating a focused list of potential failure threats and providing insights of required actions to change course. In conclusion, it reduced the number of ESPs to be shut in every year.
Geothermal Energy: A Novel Coiled Tubing Technology Transition
Authors: Torres C. , Livescu S. , Carlisle Z. , Whyte R. , Gatabi J. , Clark K. , Albaalbaki B.
Published: March 2024

Coiled tubing has historically been a supporting technology deemed to interact closely with other technologies, given its versatility on equipment, pipe size and configuration, fluids used, tools conveyance, and interaction with the reservoir. Its applicability and value for hydrocarbon production have been vastly documented from drilling and completions to production enhancement and well abandonment. This paper describes a novel application, where an ultra-compact coiled tubing unit (UCCTU) was designed and built for shallow geothermal well drilling and reservoir/aquifer characterization, as part of a project to deliver geothermal energy in dense urban areas across the United States, decarbonizing buildings and reducing their dependance on the electrical grid.

The UCCTU was designed and built in six months, where a conventional skid coiled tubing unit was customized for this shallow geothermal drilling application. Considering inner city weight, width, length, and height limitations, two complementing trucks were built. The equipment includes a control cabin, wet kit, coiled tubing reel, 2 3/8-in.coiled tubing with wired downhole telemetry, injector head, stripper, crane, and fluid pump, built considering the smallest footprint possible to ease access in streets and avenues. Engineering was performed to deliver the unit within the required time frame and evaluate modifications needed on the equipment to build this prototype, which would be used to drill wells and log during the process by means of the downhole telemetry.

The unit went into field testing, running 2-3/8-in pipe with a downhole motor, drilling bit, and logging tools. At the time of writing this abstract, a total of four wells were drilled, which provided improvement opportunities:

Unit design improvements Rig up and rig down process. Drilling and logging operational efficiencies. Location set up and layout. Aquifer characterization

Several other details are included regarding shallow geothermal well design for direct heating and cooling applications, and tensile force analysis cases for certain coiled tubing configurations.

This coiled tubing unit application is a disruptive step change on how the units can be designed for shallow well drilling, how they can be made more efficient, and most importantly, how can we transition oil & gas (O&G) proven technologies, such as coiled tubing, drilling, and logging, into geothermal energy production.
Improve CT Milling Operations with 20/20 Vision - Combined Downhole and Operational Data
Authors: Ott W. B. , Miller L. T. , Galateanu M. V. , Fairley R. T. , Thomas T. G. , Pursell J. C. , Scherer K. R.
Published: March 2024

This paper will compare milling plugs with surface weight versus downhole weight and torque utilizing a real-time data platform to minimize unplanned, non-productive time (NPT) and cost overruns. The conclusive findings of this North American plug drillout operation highlights how pairing downhole weight coiled tubing (CT) operational data and visualizing this information in real time improve operations.

The team performed a field study to determine the best approach to mill out plugs. They milled the first plugs using the company's standard operating procedures (SOPs), decisions on surface weight and circulating pressure, and then assessed the plug parts at the surface. After establishing a baseline, the company milled the remaining plugs using real-time downhole weight and torque, along with other essential operational data. The company assessed the plug parts once they all returned to the surface. This study will demonstrate the improved efficiencies and reduced risks provided by performing a millout with essential data in real time, compared to hoping for the best with limited data.

When the CT operator used surface weight to mill plugs, weight on bit (WOB) fluctuated significantly, resulting in the mill generating large plug parts. Once the CT operator started milling the plugs with downhole WOB, the WOB range tightened, and torque was 50 to 250 ft-lbf. The ability to utilize downhole WOB in real time, along with the other CT data, will give all parties at the wellsite and in the office the best opportunity to mill out frac plugs successfully and consistently. Using downhole WOB and torque with all other CT data in real time helps limit downhole operational risks inherent to CT plug millouts.

The ability to see the clear difference between milling out plugs using downhole WOB and torque versus surface weight in a real-time platform provides essential insight into how to reduce stuck pipe instances, increase efficiencies, and lower completion costs.
World's First Coiled Tubing Electric Inflatable Packer Deployment of a Fully Hybrid Optical/Electrical Activated Multi-Set Inflatable Element for Selective Acidizing. A Case Study from Iraq
Authors: Alvarez Jhonny , Torres Carlos , Corrales Juan , Travesso Joshua , Alarcon Xavier , Gomes Deylla , El-Beltagy Ahmed , de Leonardis Massimo , Tellez Jonnathan , Ramirez Miguel
Published: March 2024

Inflatable packers have been the preferred technique for the selective placement of chemical treatments in a wellbore with Coiled Tubing (CT). Traditionally, these have come with some limitations, such as power supply, Real-Time (RT) positioning, surface control, differential pressure activation, ball drop setting, tension, reciprocating set systems, and the ability to quickly change the tool flow path based on treatment response. This paper discusses the first electrically controlled packer implementation that drastically improved operational efficiency in Iraq.

This case relates to a mature field in Iraq where precise selective acidization of vuggy carbonate zones with high permeability contrasts was required. The operation was carried out successfully with an electrically controlled packer suitable for acid that provided real-time downhole insight to improve the decision-making process and a precise, flawless acidizing operation. Additionally, the electric actuation system enabled independent control of the flow path position throughout the operation, allowing fluid injection above or below the element to suit the requirements of the operation as needed.

The unique solution provided in this paper confirms the benefits of customizing fiber optic and electric technology with an inflatable packer to accurately place the element and selectively stimulate zones with high permeability contrast. A RT downhole sensor module also provides critical information to ensure the operation is carried out as intended. The particular sensors that helped carry out this operation included the Casing Collar Locator (CCL) and Gamma-Ray (GR) to correlate depth, internal and external temperatures, a load module, and internal and external pressure measurements to precisely position the packer in between two layers of a narrow interval without exceeding either the reservoir frac pressure or the packer element differential pressure.

This revolutionary technique was successfully implemented on an injection well, saving more than 24 hours of intervention time and allowing early injection to reduce costs for the customer. The CT Electric Inflatable Packer (EIP) enabled the splitting of the operation into two treatments, above and below the packer, during the same run. The approach to this intervention increased operational efficiency while reducing waste to optimize the overall well intervention cost with RT data.

This paper describes how a new versatile EIP technology can improve operational efficiency and reduce non-productive time on various applications, such as selective treatments, multiple selective acidizing of sleeves, clusters, intervals, water shut off with sealant fluids, or chemical sand consolation with resins.
Effective Wireline Conveyed Solutions Replacing Traditional Coiled Tubing Operations
Authors: Duthie L. S. , Harthi M. A. , Afif O. T. , Zaouali Z.
Published: March 2024

Obstructions in a wellbore are often a costly and challenging problem to resolve. Obstructions can appear in many different forms such as scale, debris, sand, stuck plugs, etc, and may restrict production or prevent well intervention for all logging operations. Coiled tubing or chemical treatment are traditional methods to clear any obstructions, although these solutions may not always be suitable or the most efficient. Real time wireline deployed tools provide a cost-effective and efficient alternative.

The wireline deployed debris removal and milling tools are run in combination with a tractoring system. The tractor grips the sides of the tubulars to avoid any rotation and also provides forward force to drive the system ahead. The debris removal utilizes a powerful downhole pump to vacuum the wellbore debris and the debris is trapped in a gravity driven filtration system during the localized circulation of the fluids. Where the obstruction is hard, such as scale or stuck plug, the wireline milling tool is selected.

Selected wells requiring routine thermal decay and carbon oxygen logging to monitor hydrocarbon and water saturations may encounter some obstruction restricting access to the wellbore. Coiled tubing with high pressure jetting is successful in clearing the wellbore but is costly and requires a large footprint. Chemical solutions are not used to avoid interfering with any saturation logging. The wireline debris removal tool is run first, the maximum sized tool is run to remove any loose materials in the tubing. The real time capability allows for optimization of the tool for efficient collection and also detects if the collection chamber is full. The pump can also be used in jetting mode to disturb settled debris or free the toolstring if buried. Depending on well conditions, a second run is made with the milling tool to remove any hard materials. The tractor and milling tool are fully synchronized to automatically provide the driving force forward and grip the tubing to avoid tool rotation when the bit is milling the obstruction. Tool performance is monitored in real time and dynamically controlled to optimize bit speed and weight on bit, this also features an autonomous anti-stalling system.