bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a nasal spray containing aminocaproic acid and a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine for use in the prevention of influenza and other viral respiratory infections
Authors: Karpova A. S.
Published: March 2020

Objectives. Prevention of influenza and viral respiratory infections is one of the major public health problems today. The aim of the study was to develop the formulation and production conditions for a nasal spray that can be used in the prevention of influenza and other viral respiratory infections, based on aminocaproic acid and a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine.

Methods. The influence of pH and temperature on the transparency of the copolymer solution was investigated using a turbidimeter to determine the optimal pH for the dosage form. The pH value was determined using a pH meter equipped with a combined glass electrode. The presence or absence of opalescence in the solution was determined visually, whereas the dynamic viscosity of the solution was determined at 25.0±0.5°С using a rotational viscometer. The optimal temperature and mixing speeds were selected as part of the technological development process. Quantitation of the active substances in the resulting drug was conducted using a previously reported high performance liquid chromatography method. A preliminary evaluation of the drug’s shelf life was performed via stability studies using the accelerated aging method.

Results. Drug stability was ensured when the pH range of the dosage form was between 5.5 and 6.2. The addition of a thickening agent is not advisable due to undesired interactions between the excipients and the active substances during storage. Ideally, the drug composition for nasal use was aminocaproic acid (1 wt %) and the copolymer (0.5 wt %) in aqueous solution. A phosphate buffer solution with pH 5.5 was selected as the solvent for the dosage form to ensure the stability of the drug solution and ease-of-use without any disruptions in the normal functioning of the cilia in the nasal cavity. The optimal technology for drug production was determined, and the control parameters for this process were highlighted. Drug stability studies conducted via the accelerated aging method revealed that the estimated shelf life of the dosage form was 2 years.

Conclusions. A new formulation and optimized production conditions were developed for a drug based on aminocaproic acid and a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, in the form of a nasal spray, for the prevention of influenza and other viral respiratory infections.
FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ VIOLENT BEHAVIORS
Authors: Nguyen Thao Thi Phuong , Cao Thi Hao
Published: March 2020

School violence is one of the problems which are pressing the public opinion. Now adays, educational managers are still trying to find effective solutions to improve this situation. The aim of the research was to identify and assess key factors which affect students’ violent behaviors. The study used primary data from a survey of 340 students in grades 8 through 12 in 8 schools in Ho Chi Minh City. The results of factor analysis and multiple regression indicated that there were 7 factors associated with students’ violent behaviors which consisted of witnessing violence, low school engagement, involvements in risky peers, victim of violence, impression on school, attitude towards violence and trait anger temperament. There were some other factors that also related to students’ violent behaviors such as gender, educational levels and frequency of playing violent video game. From these findings, some recommendations were designed to help families, schools and educational institutions prevent students from behaving violently.
UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY AND ACCOUNTABILITY: THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STATE, HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETY
Authors: Pham Ly Thi
Published: March 2020

University autonomy and accountability are central points at heart of governance reforms, which is essence of the relations between state, university and society. University autonomy must be accompanied with institution accountability as two sides of a coint. University Council and independent accreditation agencies are schemes that enable the schools to hold their accountable. University Council is representatives of all stakeholders, in other words, presents public interests in supervision of university administrations. Accreditation agencies are civil society scheme designed to help schools improving their performance and to provide public with information about the universities. University autonomy has been a bottle-neck issue which hindered innovations at institutional level. Therefore it is unavoidable matter in developing high quality higher education institutions as it is prerequisite for their success.
DETERMINE POSITIONS OF ARESTERS BASE ON REDUCING RISK OF FAILURE
Authors: Quyen Anh Huy , Nguyen Hung Manh
Published: March 2020

Location of surge arrester placement in protection scheme significantly affects the power station performance against overvoltages due to lightning stroke propagation. Failure probability of the equipments in transformer station will be dependent heavily on the front-of- wave slope and peak value of incoming lightning strokes. In the paper simulation technique and statistical analysis are used to estimate the risk of failure of important nodes and determine the appropriate locations of arresters in electric network. Economic and permissible risk estimation criteria are then implemented in a program allowing the determination of good locations of arresters in distribution stations protection.
AUGMENTED LAGRANGE HOPFIELD NEURAL NETWORK BASED METHOD FOR UNIT COMMITMENT
Authors: Nguyen Khai Phuc , Vo Dieu Ngoc , Vu Tu Phan
Published: March 2020

This paper proposed an enhanced merit order (EMO) and augmented Lagrange Hopfield neural network (ALHN) for solving unit commitment problem. This problem is solved on 2 stages. At first, with the heuristic search EMO method we plan the unit scheduling. And then, we use ALHN, a continuous Hopfield neural network combines with augmented Lagrange relaxation, to solve the economic dispatch problem. The proposed method is tested on systems with 10 units, 17 units and up to 100 units. The obtained results is compared to conventional priority list (PL-ALHN) and other methods in literature. Test results show that the proposed method is totally more efficient than PLALHN and others for finding optimal solution of unit commitment problem. And the computer time of proposed method is vastly faster than other methods.
CALCULATION OF THE MODERATOR TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF REACTIVITY FOR MINIATURE NEUTRON SOURCE REACTORS
Authors: Do Binh Quang , Nguyen Hai Hoang
Published: March 2020

This paper presents results of the evaluated group constants for fuel and other important materials of the Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR) and the moderator temperature coefficient of reactivity through global reactor calculation. In this study, the group constants were calculated with the WIMSD code and the global reactor calculation is accomplished by the CITATION code. This work also presents a method for evaluation of the moderator temperature coefficient of reactivity at different temperatures and it’s average value in a range of temperatures directly through the values of moderator temperature for MNSRs. This method provides simple analytical representation convenient for reactor kinetics calculation and reactor safety assessment.
HIV-1 P24 EXPRESSION IN TRANSPLASTOMIC TOBACCO PLANTS
Authors: Phan Loc Tuong , Nguyen Ho Huu , Nguyen Thanh Thi
Published: March 2020

Expression of HIV-1 p24 gene in chloroplasts was achieved in a tobacco variety V2 (Virginia TBE2). Through PCR and Southern blot analyses, it was demonstrated that the transgene integrated into the target site in the chloroplasts, between trnfM and trnG. Western blot results showed that HIV-1 p24 gene expressed in transplastomic tobacco plants. p24 protein accumulations were detected by ELISA in the range from 1.7% to 6.3% TSP and the high concentrations in the leaves near the top. p24 protein was purified by gel filtration chromatography demonstrated that the purification is 9.694 folds and the performance is 31.94%, however, protein p24 largely was inactive after purification.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ISOLATED CONSTITUENT FROM POLYGONUM TOMENTOSUM AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED TOXICITY
Authors: Nguyen Hong Ngoc , Vo Giau Van , Tran Hung , Ho Hoai Thi Cam
Published: March 2020

The ethyl acetate fraction (Et-F) of Polygonum tomentosum Willd was separated by silica gel vacuum chromatography to give 11 subfractions (PTE1-PTE11). The antioxidative activity of subfractions was determined by qualitative assay by TLC assays. The result of qualitative assay showed that all 11 subfractions had antioxidative activity. The results of ex vivo hepatoprotection of 11 subfractions showed that PTE7, PTE8 and PTE9 had higher ex vivo hepatoprotective activities than those of the other subfractions. PTE8 was further studied by silica gel chromatography to obtain A1 compound, which was identified as quercitrin. (To the best of our knowledge) This is the first report on the occurrence of quercitrin in P. tomentosum. Quercitrin had signifying both ex vivo and in vivo hepatoprotective effects on injury liver mice induced by carbon tetracloride (CCl4). The results in the present study indicated that P. tomentosum is a potential source of natural hepatoprotection.
Műszaki kiválóságok
Authors: Balla Tibor , Padányi József
Published: March 2020

A műszaki katonák felkészültsége, elkötelezettsége és nyitottsága az új iránt, koroktól és rendszerektől függetlenül ismert és elismert. A harctéren és a békében mutatott teljesítményük a magyar hadtörténelem dicső fejezeteiben megtalálható, az érdeklődők számára elérhető. Ezzel együtt úgy ítéltük meg, hogy ezt a szellemiséget érdemes egy-egy kiváló műszaki katona életén keresztül is bemutatni, felvillantva a feladatokat, a kihívásokat és az arra adott szakmai és emberi válaszokat. Példát bőven találtunk, így a most indított sorozat a Műszaki Katonai Közlöny lapjain hosszú időre kér teret. Nem célunk új hősöket kreálni, igyekszünk objektív és szakmailag is izgalmas személyiségeket bemutatni.
In Situ, Rapid Inspection Methods for Radioactive Material Transportation
Authors: Petrányi János
Published: March 2020

Radioactive materials are shipped in most countries within the framework of regulations and laws. In almost all cases the supervision of the shipments is in the hands of governmental organisations. In situ checks during shipment cover several areas, but it is usually limited to checking the shipping documents and packaging. There is no quick and easy field-based method for verifying the content of the documents. This inspection method helps to detect rough differences between data written in shipment documents and in reality. As a result of the inspection, the officer will know, whether it is worth investigating further or not. The method contains multiple measurements made by intelligent detectors. Unknown values like activity of the transported source and shielding efficiency of the container can be estimated with the help of incoming measured values combined with the information from the shipment documentation. The method was confirmed with real Cs-137 source and with an isotope container.
A Tisza folyó hulladékszennyezése
Authors: Katona Gábor
Published: March 2020

Az elmúlt években a Tisza hulladékszennyezése soha sem látott mértéket öltött. A főként külföldi eredetű szennyezés kezelése mára elkerülhetetlen feladat. A cikkben átfogó képet kapunk a helyzet kialakulásáról, történelmi-társadalmi hátteréről, a hulladékgazdálkodás nemzetközi és hazai vonatkozásairól, a jogi környezetről. A szerző elemzi a közigazgatási és civil szféra szennyezés kezelésére tett eddigi lépéseit, eredményeit vizsgálva egy lehetséges állandó gyűjtőhely kialakítását.
Estado da arte: Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn, aspectos químicos, farmacológicos e novas perspectivas de abordagens
Authors: Sobrinho Alessandra Carla Guimarães , Santos Alberdan Silva
Published: March 2020

Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. comumente denominada no Brasil de vinagreira, é um membro da família das malváceas. Esta espécie é largamente utilizada na medicina tradicional, sendo rica em compostos biativos, que apresentam inúmeras propriedades farmacológicas já comprovadas cientificamente como antioxidante, anti-inflamatório, antidiabético, entre outros. Assim, no presente artigo foram apresentados estudos de compostos bioativos presentes no H. sabdariffa, de caráter bibliográfico descrevendo no fluxo de trabalhos em relação à composição química e os efeitos biológicos. O objetivo do estado da arte foi descrever um apanhado de informações científicas e evidências farmacológicas sobre a espécie que apoiam seu uso, buscando responder quais os aspectos e dimensões que vêm sendo destacados e priorizados no que se refere à composição química e as atividades biológicas da espécie, visando ressaltar novas perspectivas com sugestões cogentes de pesquisa sobre a espécie. O estado da arte foi realizada com base nos bancos de dados eletrônicos que disponibilizam publicações de pesquisas (SciELO, Google Acadêmico, NCBI), com dados eletrônicos pesquisados de 2005 até 2019, empregando as palavras-chave: Hibiscus sabdariffa, fitoquímicos e polifenóis, que foram selecionadas através do software VOSviewer, mapeando palavras-chave de maior frequência com dados do repositório da Scopus. Nesta perspectiva, conclui-se que o estado da arte agrupou um grande número de informações que aprimorará o conhecimento em relação à espécie estudada, fazendo o detalhadamente de constituintes presentes e das propriedades biológicas, constatando-se que são poucos os estudos relacionados às atividade farmacológicas frente aos feitos adversos ligados ao consumo da espécie, além de serem poucos os estudos que viabilizam a produção dessa espécie de forma sustentável garantindo uma produção regular desses constituintes químicos e a utilização de técnicas biotecnológicas associadas à ferramentas de metabolômicas que poderiam fornecer estratégias para produção e identificação, respectivamente, de metabólitos responsáveis ​​pelos efeitos farmacológicos, sendo as sugestões necessárias para maiores publicações que envolvam essas perspectivas de forma plausível e sólida.

Palavras-Chave: Hibiscus, constituintes químicos, malvaceae, vinagreira, metabolômica.
Accurate Detection of Breast Cancer Metastasis Using a Hybrid Model of Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Abdollahi Jafar , Keshandehghan Atlas , Gardaneh Mahsa , Panahi Yasin , Gardaneh Mossa
Published: March 2020

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent disease and a major cause of mortality among women worldwide. A substantial number of BC patients experience metastasis which in turn leads to treatment failure and death. The survival rate has been significantly increased due to more rapid detection and substantial improvements in adjuvant therapies including newer chemotherapeutic and targeted agents, and better radiotherapy techniques.Methods: In this study, we cross-compared the application of advanced artificial intelligence algorithms such as Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Discrete Cosine Transform, Random Forest Classifier, Support Vector Machines, Multilayer Perceptron, and Ensemble to diagnose BC metastasis. We further combined MLP with genetic algorithm (GA) as a hybrid method of intelligent analysis. The core data we used for comparison belonged to the images of both benign and malignant tumors collected from Wisconsin Breast Cancer dataset from the UCI repository.Results: The application of several different algorithms to the collection of BC data indicated that these algorithms have comparable accuracy rate in detecting and predicting cancer. However, our hybrid algorithm showed superior accuracy, sensitivity and specificity compared to the individual algorithms. Two methods of comparison (Cross-Validation and Holdout) were applied to this study which produced consistent results.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that our MLP-GA hybrid algorithm can speed up diagnosis with higher accuracy rate than the individual patterns of algorithm.
Progressive Metastatic Breast Phyllodes Tumor Turns into Spindle Cell Sarcoma: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nafissi Nahid , Mirahmadi Seyed-Mohamad-Sadegh , Samsami Majid , Ansarinejad Nafiseh
Published: March 2020

Background: Breast fibroepithelial lesions encompass a wide variety of tumors from benign fibroadenomas to malignant phyllodes tumors (PTs). Local recurrence was reported in 20% of all subgroups and 20-25% risk of distant metastasis though superaggressive tumors are rare. Two young patients with nonresponsive, frequent recurrences of phyllodes tumors turned into the aggressive metastatic sarcoma are presented.Case Presentation: Case 1: A 34-year-old married woman referred with the chief complaint of a mass and pain in her right breast. There was a 3cm well defined mass in right breast. An intermediate grade benign phyllodes tumor was confirmed in biopsy. Patient underwent surgical wide excision, radiotherapy. Three weeks later the mass recurred in her right breast with severe pain and nonproductive cough without hemoptysis. A single lung metastasis is conformed in the CT scan. Total mastectomy and thoracoscopic metastasectomy was performed and spindle cell sarcomas in both specimens is confirmed. Chemotherapy was done. Two weeks after chemotherapy she presented with multiple bilateral lung metastasises and thoracic wall involvement. No regression in metastasis was seen receiving the second line chemotherapeutic agents. Case 2: A 17-year-old young girl was referred to the breast clinic with a 2 cm firm mobile mass in left breast. The histopathology of the mass was benign phyllodes tumor. (1.5 cm margins) The tumor recurred 3 months later treated. During radiotherapy, the patient referred to the emergency department with the complaint of dyspnea and sever pleural effusion. The cytology reported malignant cells. CT-guided biopsy showed a high grade sarcoma. During chemotherapy, large ulcer in the site of the breast was appeared and mastectomy with Latissmus dorsi flap was performed and angiosarcoma was confirmed. Despite the second and third line chemotherapy the disease was progressed and multiple lung metastasis were confirmed in chest CT scan. Conclusion: It seems that some subtypes of breast sarcomas could have an extremely an aggressive behavior which threatens the life of the patients in a short period of time. Further studies is suggested to discriminate the aggressive subtypes at the first step.
Injectable melatonin: an anti-cancer and anti-viral treatment option
Authors: Peschechera Emanuela , Veronesi Paolo Alberto
Published: March 2020

Intravenous infusion of high doses of melatonin would represent the most eligible route to treat conveniently patients hospitalized in critical care units or with undergoing oncologic therapies, wherein adequate, accurate and constant dosages and high levels of melatonin would be required. After several attempts, a stable concentrate bulk solution of 10% melatonin (Survivis®) has been successfully achieved. The injectable route is also referred for lifethreatening injuries.
Непосредственная имплантация с немедленной нагрузкой дентальных имплантатов несъемными конструкциями зубных протезов с винтовой фиксацией, изготовленных с применением аддитивных и CAD/CAM технологий
Authors: Рубникович С.П. , Хомич И.С. , Андрущенко Д.А.
Published: March 2020

Цель исследования. Продемонстрировать возможность комплексной функциональной и эстетической реабилитации стоматологического пациента с применением аддитивных и CAD/ CAM технологий при изготовлении временных и постоянных конструкций зубных протезов.
Объекты и методы исследования. Описана технология применения несъёмной конструкции зубных протезов с опорой на дентальные имплантаты с винтовой фиксацией из диоксида циркония в полную анатомию, изготовленной с помощью интраорального сканирования и CAD/CAM технологий. При проведении лечения для получения оптических слепков применялся внутриротовой сканер Carestream CS3500 и скан-маркеры AlphaBio Tec, с интерфейсом соединения, соответствующим установленным имплантатам. Конструкции временных протезов были изготовлены из биосовместимого полимера «Denture Teeth A2» методом аддитивной технологии на принтере «Form 2» (Formlabs). Конструкции постоянных протезов были отфрезерованы из блоков диоксида циркония высокой прозрачности, синтеризованы и покрыты глазурью.
Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Хирургическое вмешательство по проведению удаления зубов и дентальной имплантации под местной анестезией было проведено в один этап. Дентальные имплантаты устанавливались в беззубые участки альвеолярных отростков и в лунки удаленных зубов в два этапа, связанных с пожеланиями пациента: сначала на верхней челюсти, потом на нижней. В течение двух недель после установки имплантатов было проведено протезирование временными конструкциями с опорой на дентальные имплантаты с полной функциональной нагрузкой. Временные протезы были заменены на постоянные конструкции через 2,5 месяца. Срок лечения составил 4 месяца, отдаленный период наблюдения с момента окончания лечения – 2 года.
Заключение. Применение цифровых протоколов протезирования пациентов с дефектами зубных рядов с использованием несъемных конструкций зубных протезов с опорой на дентальные имплантаты с винтовой фиксацией из диоксида циркония демонстрирует их высокую эффективность.
Изучение влияния клинического отбеливания на твердые ткани и пульпу зубов
Authors: Орехова Л.Ю. , Новак М.О. , Петров А.А. , Ивахненко Е.А.
Published: March 2020

В современном обществе большинство людей хотят обладать ослепительной «голливудской» улыбкой, поэтому вопросы безопасности и комфортности клинического отбеливания зубов становятся все более актуальны. Существует множество исследований по влиянию клинического отбеливания на эмаль зубов, но такие аспекты, как градация влияния отбеливающих систем на проявление чувствительности зубов, а также динамика микроциркуляции пульпы зубов, после проведения данных манипуляций изучены недостаточно. В данной статье представлены результаты исследования влияния клинического отбеливания на состояние твердых тканей и микроциркуляцию пульпы зубов.
Цель исследования. Изучить влияние различных методов клинического отбеливания на состояние твердых тканей и пульпу зубов.
Объекты и методы исследования. В исследовании принимало участие 60 пациентов (3 группы по 20 человек), каждому из которых была проведена профессиональная гигиена полости рта перед отбеливанием зубов, клиническое отбеливание зубов различными методиками и приборами (без световой активации геля – Opalescence Boost, с активацией геля УФ-источником – ZOOM Advanced Power, лазерное отбеливание Smart Bleach 3LT), с поэтапной регистрацией показателей состояния микроциркуляции пульпы зубов ультразвуковой допплерографией (УЗДГ) на аппарате «Минимакс-Допплер-К» и оценкой изменения чувствительности эмали аппаратным методом Yeaple Probe.
Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Все используемые методики отбеливания зубов не вызывали длительных (более трех дней) или необратимых изменений гиперчувствительности твердых тканей зубов. Применение ультразвуковой доплерографии выявило особенности микроциркуляции пульпы зубов при применении различных методик отбеливания.
Заключение. Наименьшее повышение чувствительности зубов по результатам Yeaple Probe наблюдалось при использовании аппаратов, работающих на LED в сочетании с «зеленым» светом от KPT-лазера. Наименьшее влияние на пульпу зуба, по данным ультразвуковой допплерографии, регистрируется у пациентов, которым применяли отбеливание фотодинамическим лазером – у пациентов этих групп отмечалась наименее выраженная динамика микроциркуляторных показателей, что выражалось в повышении скоростных показателей не более чем на 0% (Vam) и 2% (Qam) соответственно.
The effect of low doses ionizing radiation on microscopic and morphometric characteristics of tooth germs in fetal rats
Authors: Cheshko N.N.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study.To reveal tooth germs structural changes induced by low doses of ionizing radiation in the experiment using light-microscopic examination.
Objects and methods. The experiments were carried out on albino rats mongrel gregarious breeding. Gravid female rats were exposed to chronic irradiation on “Gammarid 192/120 unit” at 110 mR/h power of exposition for 18 days at the Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus. The total dose absorbed by the fetuses was 0.42 Gy.
Results and discussion. The experiment showed a significant decrease of proliferative activity of tooth germ cells. It resulted in the decrease in size and in the number of cell layers, shape change up to the appearance of deformed tooth germs. Reducing the intensity of mitotic division also led to the lack of “concentric structures” and cell cushion-shaped thickenings in the enamel epithelium in the experiment.
Conclusion. These series of experiments revealed such odontogenesis disorders that cannot be explained only by the decrease of proliferative activity.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FRANCE’S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY: REINFORCING FRENCH NATIONAL SECURITY TO RESPOND ISIS THREATS IN 2014 - 2016
Authors: Perwita Anak Agung Banyu
Published: March 2020

Serangkaian serangan teror yang terjadi di Prancis sejak deklarasi kekhalifahan ISIS pada tahun 2014 telah membuktikan bahwa ruang lingkup operasi ISIS tidak lagi terbatas pada wilayah mereka, melainkan telah menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Oleh karena itu, dengan dasar rencana Vigipirate, Perancis telah berusaha untuk memaksimalkan upaya mereka dalam menanggapi serangan, mulai dari persatuan nasional dalam menghadapi masalah terorisme, intervensi langsung terhadap pangkalan utama ISIS, operasi di dalam negeri, dan bahkan memproklamirkan keadaan darurat negara. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan keamanan nasional Prancis dalam menanggapi ancaman tersebut. Meskipun serangan teror masih terjadi hingga saat ini, tetapi analisis fokus kepatuhan ini hanya terbatas pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Francois Hollande dari tahun 2014 - 2016. Dalam temuan tersebut, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa selama pemerintahan Presiden Francois Hollande, upaya sekuritisasi Perancis tidak menjadi penghalang bagi militan ISIS dalam meluncurkan aksi mereka di tanah Prancis.
Changes in Chinese-Indonesian Identity: Indonesianization or Re- Sinicization?
Authors: Aryodiguno Harryanto
Published: March 2020

During the Suharto era, which began after the anti-Chinese riots in 1965 as a result of the deterioration of the relation between Indonesia and China, forced policies of assimilation was adopted for curtailing the Chinese culture and to control Chinese-Indonesians. Yet, anti-Chinese sentiments remained, and attacks against them reached its climax in May 1998, when anti-Chinese riots recurred because of the allegation that Chinese-Indonesians had an advantageous economic status, and they were the culprit that brought financial crisis to Indonesia. The May 1998 riot ended Suharto’s era, and Chinese Indonesians saw improvement in their position and condition. Now, they strive to find their own identity and political status. Their efforts to do so were also influence by the rise of China. That is why, this paper aims at examining whether the reintroduction of Chinese cultural celebrations into Chinese-Indonesian community would result in the demise of policies of assimilation. It also examines whether the rise of China would propel them to establish a closer identification with the People’s Republic of China. How do Chinese-Indonesians view their identity? How do they choose this identity and their political inclinations? These are the research questions this paper is going to answer. The findings show that the status of the Chinese in Indonesia is divided into two groups. The first group is the one who is determined to break away from Chinese identification, and the second group is the one that still maintains their Chinese culture.
International Law Non-Compliance: Assessing Uruguay’s Decision to Legalize Cannabis under Jose Mujica Regime
Authors: Tesalonika Novia Sinta , Kusumawardani Natasya
Published: March 2020

Uruguay has ratified the international drug control conventions that consist of Single Convention on narcotic drugs 1961 as amended 1972 protocol, the convention on psychotropic substance 1971, and United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988. Since then, the Uruguayan government has been a part of the ‘War on Drugs" campaign. In 2012, Jose Mujica proposed the policy of cannabis legalisation. The proposal was signed and passed into Uruguay law no 19172 that allow and regulate the plant, consumption and sale of cannabis on December 20th, 2013. This policy has violated international drug control conventions and received critics from the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), the body of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Despite the critics from INCB, the government stood against the norm of the treaty. This article analyses the causative factors that trigger this behavioural change. The increasing number of drugs users caused many problems in Uruguay especially the increasing numbers of criminal acts. It created national problems and hampering the government's efforts to fight drug trafficking and ensuring the safety of society. By all mean, it became threats to their national interest. Thus, the government believed that compliance with the conventions could not help them to overcome these threats. Uruguay case has shown that state behaviour towards international law will change along its changing national interest.
Political Parties in Indonesia and the Internet: A comparative analysis
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Sigit Andhi , Prihatini Ella S
Published: March 2020

This is the first such study of the use of Internet by political parties in Indonesia. It also documents parties’ websites performance index and online popularity for campaigning in 2019. The purpose of this comparative study is to look at how the Internet was used by Indonesian political parties approaching the 2019 elections. Internet campaign consists of two parts: online presence through political party website, and political marketing through social media. Total of 16 parties participating the elections next year were examined for how they are utilizing official websites and social media platforms. We created an index based on list of website features (scoring system) and then classify it into 4 variables (information provision, mobilization, engagement, and technological sophistication) containing 43 features. We also visualise the descriptive statistical analysis on parties’ social media accounts using RStudio software. The study found that despite half of Indonesian national population is using the Internet, political parties were not yet achieving their maximum potential in using the digital media to disseminate political messages and propaganda. The quality of most of the websites have been subpar. In addition, the quality seems to have no relationship with the financial resources and the current parliamentary size of political parties. On average, official social media accounts run by parties has only been used in the last 3.25 years. Well-established older parties in Indonesia continue to engage with their constituents without heavily relying on social media. Yet, this situation is very likely to change in the future as parties’ elites are now beginning to look into this platform as they seek out to the millennials for electoral support.
Anti-Salmonella Potential of New Lactobacillus Strains with the Application in the Poultry Industry
Authors: KOWALSKA JUSTYNA D. , NOWAK ADRIANA , ŚLIŻEWSKA KATARZYNA , STAŃCZYK MAŁGORZATA , ŁUKASIAK MAGDALENA , DASTYCH JAROSŁAW
Published: March 2020

Probiotics are considered an alternative to antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of Salmonella diseases in poultry. However, to use probiotics as proposed above, it is necessary to evaluate their properties in detail and to select the most effective bacterial strains in the application targeted. In this study, probiotic properties of new Lactobacillus sp. strains were investigated and their antimicrobial activity against 125 environmental strains of Salmonella sp. was determined using the agar slab method. Furthermore, their survival in the presence of bile salts and at low pH, antibiotics susceptibility, aggregation and coaggregation ability, adherence to polystyrene and Caco-2 cells, and cytotoxicity were investigated. Each strain tested showed antagonistic activity against at least 96% of the environmental Salmonella sp. strains and thus representing a highly epidemiologically differentiated collection of poultry isolates. In addition, the probiotic properties of new Lactobacillus strains are promising. Therefore, all strains examined showed a high potential for use in poultry against salmonellosis.
Sub-lethal Concentrations of Phytochemicals (Carvacrol and Oregano) Select for Reduced Susceptibility Mutants of Escherichia coli O23:H52
Authors: AL-MNASER AFNAN A. , WOODWARD MARTIN J.
Published: March 2020

In vitro studies aimed at studying the mechanism of action of carvacrol and oregano as natural anti-bacterial agents to control multiple antibiotic-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strain O23:H52 isolated from chicken were performed. Derivatives with increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to the phytochemicals were selected after growing Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain O23:H52 at sub-lethal concentrations of carvacrol and oregano for a period of 60 days. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of two derivatives revealed a missense mutation in cadC and marR: the genes responsible for survival mechanisms and antibiotic resistance by efflux, respectively.
Bacterial Diversity in Roots, Stems, and Leaves of Chinese Medicinal Plant Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis
Authors: LIU TIAN-HAO , ZHOU YIN , TAO WEN-CONG , LIU YANG , ZHANG XIAO-MEI , TIAN SHOU-ZHENG
Published: March 2020

The root of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, a famous and endangered traditional Chinese herb, has a significant medicinal value. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition and functional characteristics of bacterial endophytes in roots, stems, and leaves of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and functional prediction of bacterial endophytes in roots, stems, and leaves of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were conducted. The Chao and Shannon indices of the bacteria in roots were significantly higher than those in stems and leaves. The dominant endophyte phyla were Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The main genera detected in roots were unclassified Cyanobacteria, Rhizobium, Flavobacterium, and Sphingobium; the main genera in stems were norank_c__Cyanobacteria, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas; the main genera in leaves were norank_c__Cyanobacteria and Rhizobium. The microbiota in roots was particularly enriched in functional categories “extracellular structures” and “cytoskeleton” compared with stems and leaves (p < 0.05). Our study reveals the structural and functional characteristics of the endophytic bacteria in roots, stems, and leaves of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, which aids in the scientific understanding of this plant.
Oligotrophic Nitrification and Denitrification Bacterial Communities in a Constructed Sewage Treatment Ecosystem and Nitrogen Removal of Delftia tsuruhatensis NF4
Authors: YANG RUILAN , LI JING , WEI-XIE LUYAO , SHAO LIN
Published: March 2020

Oligotrophic nitrifiers and denitrifiers play important roles in the removal of nitrogen from wastewater. Here, we studied the dominant bacterial populations of the sewage treatment ecosystem (STE) water from different processes and those of culture on oligotrophic heterotrophic nitrification (OHN) medium and oligotrophic aerobic denitrification (OAD) medium, using co-analysis of Illumina HiSeq DNA sequencing and traditional culture methods. The results showed that the STE water had no dominant population of oligotrophic nitrifiers or oligotrophic denitrifiers. However, after culturing on OHN medium and OAD medium, the core genera Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Acinetobacter that have the nitrogen removal capacity in oligotrophic environments, dominated in the bacterial community. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the bacterial community in the constructed rapid infiltration (CRI) effluent water of STE had high similarity with those of cultures on OHN medium and OAD medium, which prompt the special purification role of nitrogen in the CRI system. The sodium alginate immobilized OAD bacteria strain Delftia tsuruhatensis NF4 was isolated from the CRI system, with total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 43.3% in sterilized STE influent water, and 60.1% in OAD medium on day three. The immobilization significantly influenced the TN and nitrate removal efficiency in OAD medium (p < 0.05), but not in sterilized STE influent water (p > 0.05). This study would lay the foundation for resource discovery of oligotrophic heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers in STE and further functional application of them on the bioremediation of wastewater.
Direct Fermentative Hydrogen Production from Cellulose and Starch with Mesophilic Bacterial Consortia
Authors: ZAGRODNIK ROMAN , SEIFERT KRYSTYNA
Published: March 2020

Hydrogen produced from lignocellulose biomass is deemed as a promising fuel of the future. However, direct cellulose utilization remains an issue due to the low hydrogen yields. In this study, the long-term effect of inoculum (anaerobic sludge) heat pretreatment on hydrogen production from untreated cellulose and starch was evaluated during repeated batch processes. The inoculum pretreatment at 90°C was not sufficient to suppress H2 consuming bacteria, both for starch and cellulose. Although hydrogen was produced, it was rapidly utilized with simultaneous accumulation of acetic and propionic acid. The pretreatment at 100°C (20 min) resulted in the successful enrichment of hydrogen producers on starch. High production of hydrogen (1.2 l H2/lmedium) and H2 yield (1.7 mol H2/molhexose) were maintained for 130 days, with butyric (1.5 g/l) and acetic acid (0.65 g/l) as main byproducts. On the other hand, the process with cellulose showed lower hydrogen production (0.3 l H2/lmedium) with simultaneous high acetic acid (1.4 g/l) and ethanol (1.2 g/l) concentration. Elimination of sulfates from the medium led to the efficient production of hydrogen in the initial cycles – 0.97 mol H2/molhexose (5.93 mmol H2/gcellulose). However, the effectiveness of pretreatment was only temporary for cellulose, because propionic acid accumulation (1.5 g/l) was observed after 25 days, which resulted in lower H2 production. The effective production of hydrogen from cellulose was also maintained for 40 days in a repeated fed-batch process (0.63 mol H2/molhexose).
Continuous Manufacturing of Homogeneous Ultralow-Dose Granules by Twin-Screw Wet Granulation
Authors: Démuth Balázs , Fülöp Gergő , Kovács Márk , Madarász Lajos , Ficzere Máté , Köte Ákos , Szabó Bence , Nagy Brigitta , Balogh Attila , Csorba Kristóf , Kaszás Gábor , Nagy Tibor , Bódis Attila , Marosi György , Nagy Zsombor Kristóf
Published: March 2020

Homogeneous ultralow-dose (30 mg) tablets were prepared from perfectly free-flowing granules manufactured by continuous Twin-Screw Wet Granulation. The gravimetrically fed mixture of lactose and potato starch of low particle size was successfully agglomerated and the size enlargement technology proved to be very robust. Since the incorporated drug was dissolved in ethanol-based granulation liquid, the resulting homogeneity largely depended on the dosing of the applied liquid administering units.A peristaltic pump generated higher deviation of the drug content in tablets (Relative Standard Deviation (RSD): 7.7 %) compared to a syringe pump (RSD: 2.3 %) or a piston pump (RSD: 4.6 %). This is due to the pulsation of the liquid flow generated by the peristaltic pump according to the real-time measured mass of the fed liquid. A good correlation was found between the RSD of the liquid mass flow (calculated from the recorded masses) and the RSD of the drug content. Based on the results, the goodness of Content Uniformity, as the most relevant critical quality attribute of low-dose products, was determined by the characteristics of the applied dosing units. The feeding characteristic of the different pumps could be easily measured by the introduced balance-based method and therefore, the applicability of the pumps could be evaluated.
Seismic Assessment in a Historical Masonry Minaret by Linear and Non-linear Seismic Analyses
Authors: Hökelekli Emin , Demir Ali , Ercan Emre , Nohutçu Halil , Karabulut Abdurrahman
Published: March 2020

Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) method is frequently used in order to determine dynamical properties of historical masonry structures. In this study, damage pattern of historical Alaca minaret which is selected as application is investigated under different ground motions by updating finite element models (FEM) depending on operational modal analysis test. Initial Finite element model was prepared in ABAQUS V10 program and numerical dynamic characteristics of minaret were determined. In addition, experimental dynamic properties of minaret were provided by operational modal analysis. Initial numerical model of brick masonry structure was calibrated via OMA method. Then, linear and non-linear seismic analyses of calibrated FEM of historical minaret were performed by using different earthquakes acceleration records that occurred in Turkey. Concrete Damage Plasticity model was taken into account in non-linear seismic analyses. As a result of the analyses, it is concluded that the stresses obtained with linear analyses aren’t as realistic as the non-linear analyses results and the earthquakes can cause some damages in the minaret.
Covid-19 – Legal and Ethical Implications for Your Practice
Authors: Townsend Ruth , Eburn Michael
Published: March 2020

Most day-to-day decision making of paramedics is made in an environment where resources are not truly scarce, or not soon likely to be. Paramedics are therefore able to apply an ethical approach to their work that upholds their duty to provide patient-centred care that is in the best interests of the patient. Paramedics can and do apply a broader community-minded approach to triage at mass casualty events. However, what may be new and associated with the unprecedented public health emergency that is COVID-19 is that paramedics will now be required to make such rationing decisions across a much longer period of time for a far larger number of people. This short commentary aims to begin the discussion about the legal and ethical changes to paramedic practice that are likely to occur over the next 6 to 12 months in response to the COVID-19 crisis.
ESCROW AGREEMENT AS A METHOD OF FULFILMENT OF THE OBLIGATIONS
Authors: Муратова Альмира
Published: March 2020

The interest to the study the legal nature of the escrow agreement is caused by its recent appearance in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the balance between the escrow agreement and the ways to ensure the fulfillment of the obligations and a certain similarity of the indicated civil structures is also stated. The author explains the reasons of impossiblity to classify an escrow agreement as a way to ensure the fulfillment of an obligation.
THE MAIN AREAS OF USING PERSONAL DATA OF THE CRIMINAL IN CRIME INVESTIGATION
Authors: Баранова Александра
Published: March 2020

The paper is devoted to the problems of defining the notion of criminal personality, as well as the use of forensic information on the criminal identity to solve the problems of forensic science. Based on investigative experience the author analyzes scientific views on understanding the notion of “criminal identity” and offers a simple and laconical system of directions for using the personal data of the criminal.
FORENSIC DIAGNOSTIC AS AN IDENTIFICATION AND ITS PLACE IN THE STRUCTURE OF GENERAL CRIMINALISTIC THEORY OF RECOGNITION
Authors: Эксархопуло Алексей
Published: March 2020

The paper explores the notion and the nature of forensic diagnostic. Forensic diagnostic, like any other diagnosis, deals with the identification of the investigated objects’ condition at the moment of the checked event occurred. The task of forensic diagnostic is to recognize an event, phenomenon or process according to their traces in the material setting. The author further examines the objects of forensic diagnostic, he classifies then on diagnosable and diagnostic, diagnosable sought and diagnosable verifiable. The concluding part of article is devoted to the consideration of types of diagnostic researches in forensics.
Вплив установ виконання покарань і попереднього ув’язнення на криміногенну ситуацію в Україні
Authors: БАТИРГАРЕЄВА ВЛАДИСЛАВА , БАБЕНКО АНДРІЙ
Published: March 2020

Вже давно відзначено, що установи кримінально-виконавчої системи та попереднього ув’язнення здійснюють неабиякий вплив на стан злочинності, зокре ма й рецидивної, у тих регіонах, де вони розташовані. Проте і досі той факт, що зазначені установи сприяють створенню специфічного криміногенного фону, який негативно позначається на криміногенній обстановці в тих чи інших адміністративно-територіальних одиницях, не підтверджується математичними розрахунками і методом картографування.
Метою статті є доведення шляхом математичного аналізу із відображенням на відповідних картах залежності таких параметрів, як установи виконання покарань і попереднього ув’язнення, зокрема, їх кількість, з одного боку, та інтенсивність злочинності загалом окремих її видів – з другого боку, у розрізі конкретних адміністративно-територіальних одиниць.
З’ясовано, що між кількістю установ виконання покарань в області і загальною кількістю вчинених злочинів коефіцієнт кореляції становить 0,98, а коефіцієнт кореляції із рецидивними злочинами – 0,99. Тобто цей показник наближається до одиниці, що свідчить про стійкий зв’язок, а також про наявність сильної кореляційної залежності між наведеними показниками. При цьому робиться висновок, що най-вища інтенсивність загальної та рецидивної злочинності спостерігається у східних, південних і центральних регіонах України, що корелює з розміщенням значної кількості місць несвободи саме у цих місцевостях. Наголошується, що виявлена залежність стає особливо помітною у розрізі міст та районів окремих областей.
Особливу увагу у статті приділено основним передавальним ланкам кримінального зараження певних регіонів. До таких, зокрема, належать: концентрація кримінальних елементів у районах розміщення установ виконання покарань, що звільнилися з місць позбавлення або обмеження волі; кримінальна субкультура як матеріальний і духовний субстрат злочинної ідеології; установлення протиправних, “виробничих” зв’язків місцевого населення з установами виконання покарань. Крім того, наводяться деякі аргументи щодо повернення до Кримінального кодексу України поняття особливо небезпечного рецидивіста, адже лише невідворотність покарання та тривала ізоляція подібних осіб може захистити суспільство від все нової і нової кримінальної загрози з їхнього боку та обмежити вплив, який вони чинять на нестійких членів суспільства у разі свого перебування на свободі.