bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthcare experiences of people living with medically unexplained symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Shillaker Joanna , Gibson Caroline , Churchill Julie
Published: March 2024

A diagnosis of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) is made when a person reports a complaint for which no organic disease can be detected. People with MUS commonly present to primary care services in the UK; however, there is no consensus regarding the evidence base for care. This literature review explores the experiences of these patients when they interact with health services. The following themes emerged: experience of diagnosis; expectations; communication; and healthful relationships. People with MUS report negative experiences of health care. Nurses in primary care have an opportunity to provide person-centred care to support these patients, and research could explore the potential contribution of nurses working in primary care in the UK to support them and enhance the evidence base for practice.
Simulation in nursing: the importance of involving service users
Authors: Reis Da Silva Tiago Horta , Mitchell Aby
Published: March 2024

The term ‘service user’ is an amorphous concept that can refer to a variety of groups. It refers to people who use or have used a service, or to the carers or parents of service users, or it can be used to refer to lay people, the public or non-professionals. It can also be used to refer to all or any combination of these. To maximise the potential of simulation, it is crucial to involve service users: their inclusion in the co-design of simulations, alongside patient educators and participatory decision-makers, provides invaluable input from a patient perspective. They also make an important contribution by portraying patients in the scenarios within which students interact, providing perspectives based on real-life experiences, offering students an insight into how patients could respond. Such an approach to designing simulations as part of nursing education will help develop professionals who are more patient-centred, culturally competent and more responsive to patient needs.
Starting a career in research nursing during a global pandemic
Authors: Rodgers Kay , Jones Anna , Carlin Alexandra , Redsell Sarah , Andreyev Jervoise
Published: March 2024

In the spring of 2020, two nurses (KR and AJ) commenced their research nurse careers amid the SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) global pandemic. This reflective article discusses their experiences of beginning a clinical research nursing career, presented as a case study of their learning journey, rather than detailing the randomised controlled trial they delivered via GP practices. The main study compared standard care to nurse-led management of irritable bowel syndrome, the details of which will be published separately. The article identifies three overarching concepts: ‘Green as grass, keen as mustard’, ‘Spires and steeples’, and ‘Down the rabbit hole’. The article offers insight from the two nurses for other professionals contemplating a career in research.
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: March 2024

The latest studies of interest to primary care clinicians rounded up by Mark Greener
Asthma reviews: A guide for nurses working in primary care
Authors: Henry Heather
Published: March 2024

Heather Henry explains what nurses need to cover when conducting an asthma review
Mites, Ticks and Lice: evolution's irritating survivors
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: March 2024

Mark Greener looks at humanity's long history with these common arthropod parasites
Engaging farmers in the need for regular foot trimming
Authors: Gratwick Will
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of lameness varies hugely between farms. The benefits of improving mobility are significant, with cost savings as well as welfare being greatly improved. Communication and collaboration between the veterinarian and the foot trimmer is likely to be highly beneficial, and protocols can be created to improve treatment of lameness. The role of the veterinarian is to optimise the approach to the treatment and prevention of lameness, while monitoring the relevant data, including mobility scores and treatment records.
Clinical examination of the adult camelid
Authors: Pooley Fay
Published: March 2024

As prey species with a stoic nature, camelids can be challenging patients. Taking a thorough history is essential, as it can provide insight into potential differential diagnoses. When arriving on farm, it is useful to take 5 minutes to assess the animal in the field, as they may not display their symptoms when restrained or contained in an unfamiliar area. It is helpful to have an experienced handler present, as not all camelids will be used to being restrained or touched. This article describes a ‘top to toe’ approach to a general clinical examination, followed by details on neurological examination in camelids.
Diagnosis and management of stress fractures and fatigue injuries in horses
Authors: Findley Judith , Hewitt-Dedman Charlotte
Published: March 2024

Fractures are relatively common in equine practice and their aetiology can broadly be divided into three categories: fractures as a result of repetitive stress injury, traumatic fractures and pathological fractures. Stress fractures and fatigue injuries are most commonly seen in performance horses, in particular racehorses. Traumatic fractures can occur in all types of horses at many different anatomical sites. These fractures are frequently seen following a kick injury. Pathological fractures are less common, but may be seen secondary to osteomyelitis or neoplasia. This article will focus on the aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of stress fractures and fatigue injuries in horses.
Gastrointestinal disorders in donkeys
Authors: Thiemann A K
Published: March 2024

Donkeys with colic may have subtle clinical signs of pain that delay detection, so a methodical clinical examination is needed to make a diagnosis. Using donkey-specific pain scoring can be helpful in monitoring progress and responses to analgesia. Hyperlipaemia is often secondary to the underlying disease process, and will reduce the prognosis for successful treatment, so assessing triglycerides and treating any elevation alongside other required blood testing is necessary. Ultrasound evaluation is helpful in donkeys which are too small for safe palpation per-rectum, and serum and peritoneal lactate values may be useful in guiding prognosis. Surgical treatment of colic in donkeys has a poorer success rate that in the horse, largely due to delays in diagnosis and referral as a result of the lack of overt pain signs, postoperative complications and hyperlipaemia. Preventative care is often lacking in donkeys, so provision of regular routine dental management, routine parasite monitoring and control (including appropriate use of anthelmintics and dietary management to ensure a healthy body weight) are areas that veterinarians and nurses can assist with. Donkeys cope poorly with stress, so when undergoing treatment, any bonded companion should be kept close by.
Management of hepatopathy in horses
Authors: Addis Alice , Savage Victoria
Published: March 2024

The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism, detoxification and nutrient storage. The liver's response to insult is often non-specific, with inflammation and subsequent fibrosis being the key pathological consequences. The treatment of liver disease is guided by clinical signs and biopsy findings. The aims of therapy are to support the recovery of the liver, treat the clinical signs (if present) and treat the cause of liver disease (if known). Corticosteroids are recommended first-line anti-inflammatory agents, and treatment is continued until biochemical evidence of improvement of hepatopathy is observed. Hepatic support supplements are commonly used but evidence of efficacy is lacking. This review outlines current treatment methods for hepatic disease and liver failure.
Madigan's squeeze technique: a review for equine veterinary nurses
Authors: Mann Steph
Published: March 2024

Foals that are affected with neonatal maladjustment syndrome make up 3–5% of the foaling population. A very rapid, assisted vaginal birth or delivery via caesarean section are risk factors for neonatal maladjustment syndrome. This article examines the therapeutic application of Madigan's squeeze technique for neonatal foals diagnosed with neonatal maladjustment syndrome. It discusses the appropriate methods and timing for practitioners to use Madigan's squeeze technique in treating affected foals under the supervision of a veterinarian.
ÂŞIK MAHZUNÎ ŞERİF VE GEÇİŞ DÖNEMLERİ
Authors: BAYIR Zehra
Published: March 2024

Kültür; toplumların dünyaya, eşyaya, varlığa bakışını belirler. İnsan hayatının, toplumların, kültürlerin önemli bir tarafını oluşturan, tarih boyunca bütün toplumlarda, inanışlarda ve insan hayatında üç önemli dönüm noktası bulunmaktadır: Doğum, evlilik, ölüm. Doğum, bu dünyaya gelinmesiyle başlayan süreci; evlilik, nesillerin ve toplumların devamını sağlayan süreci ve ölüm, bu dünyadan göçüşü anlatan süreci oluşturmaktadır. Bütün inanışlarda ve kültürlerde de geçiş dönemleri etrafında birtakım uygulamalar, ritüeller meydana getirilmiştir. Türk kültüründe yer alan geçiş dönemi etrafındaki törenler; geçmişten gelen bir birikimin, değişimin, dönüşümün eseridir. Şairler, kültür taşıyıcılığında önemli bir görevi üstlenmektedirler. 20. yüzyılda yaşamış olan Âşık Mahzunî Şerif, şiirlerini Türk halk kültürü, tasavvuf ve Alevi-Bektaşi geleneğinden ilham alarak oluşturmuştur. Âşık Mahzunî Şerif, duygu ve düşüncelerini topluma anlatmak için insan hayatının önemli dönemlerine şiirlerinde yer vermiştir. Bu çalışmada doğum, evlilik ve ölümle sınırlandırılmış olmak üzere Âşık Mahzunî Şerif’in şiirlerinde yer alan geçiş dönemleri tasnif edilerek geçiş dönemine ait kavramlar yorumlanmıştır. Âşık Mahzunî Şerif, kendi yaşadığı günlük hayattan yola çıkarak şiirlerindeki geçiş dönemlerine ait kültürel unsurları sembolik olarak kullandığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
A new weighted spectral geometric mean and properties
Authors: Dinh Trung Hoa , Tam Tin-Yau , Vuong Trung-Dung
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we introduce a new weighted spectral geometric mean: \begin{equation*}\label{F-mean}F_t(A,B)= (A^{-1}\sharp_t B)^{1/2} A^{2-2t} (A^{-1} \sharp_t B)^{1/2}, \quad t\in [0,1],\end{equation*} where $A$ and $B$ are positive definite matrices. We study basic properties and inequalities for $F_t(A, B)$. We also establish the Lie-Trotter formula for $F_t(A, B)$. Finally, we extend some of the results on $F_t(A, B)$ to symmetric space of noncompact types.
Adjektivgebrauch in Bildbeschreibungen – Eine korpuslinguistische Untersuchung zum Gebrauch von Adjektiven in Texten von Schülerinnen und Schülern
Authors: Kellermann Katharina , Schmitt Lukas
Published: March 2024

In this article, written descriptions by students in the third to sixth grade (N = 288) are examined with regard to the use of syntactically differently integrated and differently complex adjectives. Descriptively, attributive adjectives were used most frequently and participially attributive adjectives were used least frequently. The use of different adjectives correlated positively with each other almost universally across the sample. The use of attributive adjectives increased significantly with increasing age. The use of participial attributive, adverbial, compositional, and derivative adjectives was significantly associated with increasing grade level. The use of compositional and derivative adjectives was significantly associated with increasing grade level. Predicative adjective use did not differ significantly between grades. The results provide important insights into the language acquisition process of adjectives and give indications for didactic starting points for teaching text-sort-specific word types.
Débats et propositions préliminaires sur la graphie monégasque d’après un tapuscrit inédit de Lazare Sauvaigo (1926–1927)
Authors: Lusito Stefano
Published: March 2024

By virtue of its status as a national language recognised by the princely institutions, Monegasque is the only Ligurian variety to have an officially regulated spelling system. The current writing norms, sanctioned by the Commission pour la langue monégasque, represent in essence the standardisation of the spelling choices introduced and developed in the last century by Louis Notari (1879–1961), the originator of literature in this language.

This paper aims to illustrate the first proposal for the systematisation of Monegasque spelling, formulated between 1926 and 1927 within the Comité des traditions locales (ancestor of the current Comité national des traditions monégasques), an association established a few years earlier with the aim of protecting and safeguarding the linguistic and folkloric heritage of the Principality of Monaco. The proposal, while fairly naïve in terms of its approach and content, is a striking testimony to the first steps towards the linguistic analysis and representation of a variety which, until then, had not yet been codified and had known practically no written usage.
Sprachkontaktdauer: Auswirkungen auf den Sprachstand im Deutschen abhängig vom Alter des Deutscherwerbs und Sprach-gebrauch im familiären Umfeld
Authors: Zaretsky Eugen , Lange Benjamin P.
Published: March 2024

The intensity of the language contact belongs to numerous sociodemographic variables that influence the language competence of preschool children. This study aimed to examine associations between 16 variables related to the language contact and German language competence of multilingual children. Four-year-old kindergarten children (N = 824) were examined with the language test “Kindersprachscreening” (KiSS.2; Holler-Zittlau/Euler/Neumann 2011). Correlations between children’s and their parents’ age of contact to German and children’s language competence were weak to moderate. The same is valid for the use of German at home. Weak German language skills of children speaking Turkish and Arabic were associated with their limited contact to German both in the family and beyond. Their German language competence depended predominantly on how often German was used at home. All other children acquired German predominantly in day care facilities. Therefore, their German language skills did not depend much on the language input in the family. To sum up, intensive language contact was, at best, moderately associated with age-appropriate German language skills. Significant differences in the command of the German language among largest ethnic or linguistic subgroups could be traced back to sociodemographic differences in the children’s and their families’ characteristics. Active use of German at home was more important for those immigrant subgroups that do not attend any day care facilities before kindergarten age.
Costruzioni a schema fisso in alcune varietà diatopiche d’Italia.
Authors: Piunno Valentina , Pisano Simone
Published: March 2024

The paper is devoted to the analysis of partially lexically specified constructions in different diatopic varieties of Italian. These word combinations can be defined as constructions since they are pairings of form and meaning characterized by the presence of fixed and empty positions. The investigation examines examples of partially lexically specified (phrasal and sentence) constructions in Sardinian and in the regional Italian of Rome. The analysis shows that this combinatorial type is widespread within the national language as well as in local varieties. The phenomena which have been considered mainly concern: i) the presence of indigenous constructions in the local variety; ii) the presence of constructions modelled on the roof language; iii) the lexicalisation of forms in the local variety from roof language constructions, which radiate back as fixed sequences into the national language. The analysis also considers the lexicographic perspective and shows that these constructions are generally underrepresented in lexicographic tools, even though their single instantiations are often recorded in the corresponding entries.
Investigar a partir de corpus de clases de español L2 con Sketch Engine y de manera manual: ejemplos de estudios sobre el léxico
Authors: Marcos Miguel Nausica
Published: March 2024

Este artículo muestra cómo se pueden examinar los datos compilados en los Corpus de Clases de L2 (CCL2). En concreto, se centra en cómo analizar, tanto manualmente como con la herramienta Sketch Engine (https://www.sketchengine.eu), la enseñanza de vocabulario en español a partir de este tipo de corpus. Para situar al lector, en la revisión de la literatura se presentan varios CCL1 y CCL2 disponibles a través de alguna interfaz específica o a través de Sketch Engine. Además, se describe cómo investigadores con distintos enfoques han utilizado los CCL2 y con qué propósitos. Asimismo, puesto que los ejemplos que se dan en el artículo se centran en investigaciones relacionadas con el léxico en la L2, se incluye una sección muy somera sobre esta cuestión. A continuación, al examinar las aplicaciones de Sketch Engine, se centra la atención en las funcionalidades Lista de palabras, Concordancia y Palabras clave. Para ejemplificar la utilidad de Sketch Engine combinado con los análisis de tipo manual, se describen tres CCL2 creados por la autora del artículo y se revisa la metodología de cuatro investigaciones sobre la enseñanza del vocabulario y de la morfología léxica en las que se usaron estos tres CCL2. Tras describir cómo se analizaron los datos en estos estudios, se proponen nuevas investigaciones posibles con Sketch Engine y se ofrecen algunas recomendaciones que pueden resultar útiles para quienes se adentren en el uso de esta herramienta aplicada al análisis de CCL2.
Questions about the Priestly and Missionary Vocation and the Ordination of John Nepomucene Neumann
Authors: Svoboda Rudolf
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Several publications are devoted to John Nepomucene Neumann (1811–60), bishop of Philadelphia and the first American male saint. The emphasis in these texts is mainly on his time in the United States since 1836. On the contrary, the time of his youth and maturation in Europe, in Bohemia, is somewhat neglected. However, his decision to pursue the priesthood, becoming a missionary, and going to the United States before receiving holy orders were the most significant events preceding everything else which followed in the young man̄s life. In the hagiographic and professional literature, these decisions are mentioned in various contexts and often contradict each other. Based on research from contemporary sources stored in European and American archives, this study shows the accurate chronology of Neumann’s decisions, as well as their demonstrable causes, based not only on his decisions but also on the specific situation in his native Diocese of Budweis, and also complicated relations between the Catholic Church and the state.
Indigenous Globalism: Confraternity and Connectivity in Colonial Cuzco
Authors: Lacopo Frank
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article places colonial Cuzco’s Nombre de Jesús confraternity within early modern global history. The Nombre de Jesús served as a focal point for collaboration between Indigenous elites and Jesuit proselytizers in the old Inca capital. An ambiguous archive and forgeries related to the confraternity have led to sensationalist narratives about the confraternity. While compelling from the perspective of archival and forgery studies, this discussion ultimately distracts from a more thoroughly-grounded history of a mixed European and Indigenous institution. This article draws on evidence outside the forgeries to show how Indigenous mission history was globally connective and collaborative rather than European-dominated.
Was Rolf Hochhuth's Play, The Deputy , the Result of a KGB [Plot]? Assessing a Conspiracy Theory
Authors: Ruff Mark Edward
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article seeks to debunk a conspiracy theory regarding the origins of the German playwright Rolf Hochhuth's incendiary play from 1963, The Deputy , which denounced Pope Pius XII for his alleged silence about German crimes in the Holocaust. According to these conspiracy theories, this play's success was the result of a masterstroke by Soviet intelligence, which had infiltrated the Vatican and stolen documents from the Vatican archives. By examining letters and correspondence pertaining to the play's origins, including its original drafts, this article argues that this conspiracy theory is chronologically implausible. Hochhuth's own account of the play's origins remains more or less correct, some inaccurate details notwithstanding.
Spiritual Succor or Sacrilege? British Catholic Responses to and Interpretations of Wagner’s Parsifal
Authors: Hale Frederick
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Scholarly knowledge about the interplay of Wagnerian opera and British church history has advanced on an uneven front and has yet to reach lofty heights. Relatively little has been published about how Parsifal , Richard Wagner’s final and arguably most religious opera, was perceived in the United Kingdom. The present study begins to fill that gap by investigating how a spectrum of British Catholics diversely debated such crucial themes as the extent to which Parsifal was a Christian work, the possible mimesis of the Mass in the Holy Grail scenes, the construction of the title character as a symbolic Christ figure, and whether the staging of this work, whose spiritual content was widely acknowledged, could appropriately be performed in a secular setting like the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden.
The Late Nineteenth-Century North American Catholic Schools Question: Tangled Disputes over Catholic Public Education in Manitoba and Minnesota
Authors: Shanahan Brendan A.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Debates over the role of the state in Catholic education rocked both the United States and Canada during the early-to-mid 1890s. Arguably the two most famous of these disputes—the “Manitoba Schools Question” (1890–1897) and the “Faribault Plan” (1890–1893) in Minnesota—unfolded alongside one another in neighboring polities. Both centered on whether Catholic schools could receive taxpayer funding and whether they should be recognized as public institutions. This article explores cross-border press coverage of them to demonstrate their deep top-down and bottom-up ties. It argues they represent two sides of a broader, intertwined late nineteenth-century North American Catholic Schools Question.
Psalm 1: Sonant Particles and Parallelism, with Speculation on the Poem’s Scribal Production
Authors: Smith Mark S.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Psalm 1 is a poem drawing on a number of “prose particles,” which strongly inform its antithetical poetics and worldview. One dimension of this literary construction is the overlooked chiastic “sonant parallelism” between rěšāʿîm (“wicked ones”) and the relative “prose particle” ʾăšer (“that, which”). Psalm 1’s “prose particles” are further suggestive of the possibility that the psalm originated as a written work, perhaps produced by Levitical scribes as a tôrâ -introduction to the Psalter.
Mark as Ritual Narrative: Anointing, Memorial, and Genre Signifiers in Mark 14:3–9
Authors: Wheatley Paul D.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In Mark 14:3–9 and its parallels, a woman anoints Jesus with μύρον, which Jesus interprets as an anticipation of his death. This article considers the ritual and cultic connotations of the use of μύρον (“ointment”) and νάρδος (“spikenard”) from Mark 14:3–9 in connection with the importance Jesus attaches to this woman's act in Mark 14:9: “Truly I say to you: Wherever the Gospel [ἐυαγγέλιον] may be proclaimed in all the world, indeed what this woman has done shall be spoken as a memorial of her.” This declaration is significant for understanding the genre of Mark. Rudolph Bultmann’s observations about the Gospels’ cultic associations, directed less toward the question of their genre than to the question of their historiography, have largely gone unexplored in subsequent scholarship. In this article, I compare the use of μύρον and νάρδος in the LXX, MT, early midrashim on Song of Songs, and early Christian baptismal rituals. The findings suggest that the scriptural and ritual imagery in Mark 14:3–9 indicates that the Gospel uses ritual narration as a means of discourse with readers familiar with these rites.
Knowledge and Truth: Romans 2:20 and the Use of the Mosaic Law in Paul
Authors: Prothro James B.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article focuses on Rom 2:20, which states that in the Mosaic law one has “the form [μόρφωσις] of knowledge and truth.” As a statement about what the law is and not merely about its effects under the tyranny of sin, this verse is potentially significant for discussions of Paul’s view of the law. Yet it is rarely treated in such discussions, and little work has been done on the key term μόρφωσις. In this article, I exegete the verse in its context and with attention to questions about Paul’s view of the law; this study adds philological data on the lexeme in question, concluding with reflections on the word’s significance for understanding how Paul views the law’s instructive value in Christ.
The Flouting of Powers, the Making of Peace, and the Conquering of Death by the Roman Hercules and the Colossian Christ
Authors: Dodson Joseph R.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Colossians contains plausible allusions to Hercules. While there are additional parallels in the letter from Jewish literature and other Greco-Roman stories, few come as close to Hercules with respect to the composite picture of Christ as the heavenly Son of God, who conquered the powers of darkness, marched in a triumphal procession, reconciled his enemies, brought peace to the world and hope to his followers. Moreover, the unparalleled popularity of Hercules in the ancient world makes it likely that some viewed Hercules’s legend as a lens and point of comparison with Christ’s death. Further, the Hercules myth was specifically used to propagate Rome’s preeminence over the nations. In this article, I survey the associations made between Jesus and Hercules in the early church and in recent scholarship. Next, I summarize Hercules Furens and Hercules on Oeta to set up a comparison with comments about Christ in Colossians before discussing possible ramifications of considering the myth in the background of the letter and making final conclusions. I argue that, due to the widespread infatuation with Hercules in the first century, the Colossian believers would likely have recognized any comment about Christ that resembled something in Hercules’s story. Furthermore, because of the role the legend played in Roman ideology, an inclusion of plausible allusions to the hero in the background of Colossians reinforces an imperial-critical reading of the letter.
Transfiguring the Transfiguration: Reading Luke 9:35 Adversus Marcionem
Authors: Roth Dieter T.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In this article, I consider the surprising and striking ways in which the final words of the Lucan transfiguration account, "This is my Son, my Chosen One; listen to him" (Luke 9:35), have been read along the same lines as the interpretation of the famous, second-century, anti-Jewish "arch-heretic" Marcion. Drawing on Tertullian's well-known work against Marcion, I discuss key aspects of this "heretic's" interpretation, along with the manner in which Tertullian, among others, actually reads a significant element in the verse cum Marcione rather than adversus Marcionem . I contend that following Marcion at this point does not do justice to the presentation of the Lucan Jesus in its Second Temple context, nor to the Gospel according to Luke itself. I conclude that, when reading the conclusion of the Lucan transfiguration account, one should read adversus Marcionem and leave this "Marcionite" reading behind.
An Egyptian View of the Monotheism of Second Isaiah
Authors: Smoot Stephen O.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article reexamines the contested issue of the nature of the monotheism of Second Isaiah. I approach this subject with an interdisciplinary method that compares the declarations of monotheism in Second Isaiah with those in ancient Egyptian religious texts (primarily hymns). I argue that the Egyptian material may illuminate the monotheistic declarations of Second Isaiah by setting those declarations in a cross-cultural ancient Near Eastern rhetorical context. This comparative approach reinforces the reading of the text that sees Second Isaiah's monotheism as a monotheism of perspective that exalts Yhwh above the gods of the nations, rather than as a strict ontological monotheism that altogether denies the existence of deities other than Yhwh. This article, accordingly, makes the additional case for the utility of Egyptian evidence in topics related to critical biblical scholarship.
The Ἰουδαῖος in Romans: First to the Gentile-Become-Jew, Then Also to the Gentile-as-Gentile
Authors: Rodríguez Rafael
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Pauline scholars have read  ὁ Ἰουδαῖος in Romans as a native-born Jew who stands over and against τὰ ἔθνη ("the nations," or "gentiles"). The ethnonym   Ἰουδαῖος, however, applied also to proselytes, to non-Jews who became Jews. Paul lived in a world in which Ἰουδαῖος applied to people Paul did not accept as Ἰουδαῖοι. In Paul's view, being a  Ἰουδαῖος is an immutable, genealogical identity unavailable to anyone not born a Ἰουδαῖος. In some cases, the Ἰουδαῖος in Romans 1–3 is a so-called (or self-styled) "Jew." Paul demonstrates how gentiles' efforts at becoming a Jew ( sans scare quotes) nevertheless leaves them closer to the gentile-as-gentile than to the native-born Jew.
The First Philosophes: The Impact of Indigenous Thought upon Christianity and Modernity
Authors: Anderson Emma
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Intended as a wide-ranging "thought piece" and as a precis of a monograph-in-progress, this article argues that although Indigenous peoples are often seen as vanquished victims, this standard historiographic (and popular) portrayal overlooks the profundity and scope of their conceptual contributions to modernity. The Indigenous peoples of early modern North America did more than simply influence those Europeans who settled among them. They also exported—through the writings of the explorers, colonists, and missionaries who encountered them—ways of thinking and being in the world that profoundly engaged the imaginations and influenced the ideas of French philosophes. These valuable contributions have been overlooked, however, due to a range of insalubrious developments in the nineteenth century: from the new definition of Indigenous people as racial inferiors to the dismissal of Indigenous motifs in Enlightenment thought as distorted and largely fictitious. Given that we are experiencing in our own times a new wave of Indigenous influence, the time has come for a thorough reassessment of Native American contributions to modern Western thought.
Christian Themes in Pre-Christian Lakota Religion: Seeking the Sacred in the Footsteps of Nicholas Black Elk
Authors: Steltenkamp Michael F.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The sacred pipe is the best-known religious artifact associated with Native North America. It is used for smoking tobacco in diverse contexts, whether in groups or alone, as an instrument of prayer (although leisure smoking is also common). Oral traditions from many Indian nations tell how pipes came to their people. A well-known origin story was popularized globally via biographies of the inspirational Nicholas Black Elk, a holy man of the Lakota (Sioux). His people's account parallels Christian tradition and theology, which coalesced for the author when he received access to what many Sioux believe is the original sacred pipe.
Haaland v. Brackeen and the Logic of Discovery
Authors: Lloyd Dana
Published: March 2024

Abstract: On June 15, 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a decision in Haaland v. Brackeen , withholding the constitutionality of the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA). The ICWA was enacted to protect Indigenous sovereignty, but the Brackeens argued that its preference to Native American families in the fostering and adoption of Native American children amounts to racial discrimination, an argument the court did not substantively address because it judged the Brackeens lacked standing. Viewing indigeneity in terms of race rather than sovereignty follows a logic of discovery, promoted in fifteenth-century papal bulls and read into U.S. law in the nineteenth century by Chief Justice John Marshall. A secularized version of the doctrine of discovery has supported the U.S. government's assimilation policies, including the forced removal of Indigenous children from their homes and into boarding schools, land allotment, and the Indian adoption project. While the Brackeen case was decided in favor of the Indigenous respondents, the decision's reasoning is too narrow to inspire confidence that Indigenous sovereignty will withstand future challenges.
Natural Law Appeals as Method of American-Catholic Reconciliation: Catholic Legal Thought and the Red Mass in Boston, 1941–1944
Authors: Wieboldt Dennis J.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Amid the Second World War, the Boston College Law School and the Archdiocese of Boston co-sponsored the first Red Mass in New England. Though this liturgy had been celebrated for centuries to invoke divine guidance for legal administrators, the Red Mass tradition emerged in Boston during a particular American Catholic intellectual movement. This movement encouraged Catholic and non-Catholic legal practitioners to predicate their understandings of the American legal tradition on the Natural Law philosophy of Thomas Aquinas and, purportedly, the Founding Fathers. By employing the movement's intellectual resources during Red Mass sermons, Boston's Catholic leaders believed they could demonstrate the philosophical Americanness of U.S. Catholicism. Chiefly responsible for the Red Mass tradition's emergence and sustained influence in Boston was Father William J. Kenealy, S.J., Boston College Law School's dean (1939–1956). The history of the first four Red Masses in Boston suggests that the experience of wartime significantly informed Catholic leaders' postwar conviction that appealing to the Natural Law could offer an effective medium for American-Catholic reconciliation.
Jack Nelson: Fighting for Racial Justice in Louisiana
Authors: Murray Paul T.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Jack Nelson was a white Catholic lawyer involved in the struggle for African American civil rights in New Orleans. Drawing upon his faith's teachings, he advocated for racial justice in the courtroom and his community. As an officer of Save Our Schools, he fought to keep public schools open, and as a candidate for the Orleans Parish school board, he opposed those resisting integration. He defended young civil rights activists in a landmark Supreme Court case, and he filed the lawsuit that forced Tulane University to admit its first Black students. He facilitated the integration of New Orleans' Catholic schools. His civil rights advocacy brought social ostracism, hurt his legal practice, and doomed his efforts to win political office. Despite these setbacks, Nelson remained faithful to the principles of his religion and his profession. His victories are not widely known today because his desire to remain a solo practitioner precluded his involvement in cases lawyers argued for major civil rights organizations.
Friends of the Court: U.S. Bishops on Behalf of Richard and Mildred Loving and the Freedom to Marry
Authors: Smith S. Douglas
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In 1966—eighty years after the Fourteenth Amendment's adoption—civil rights activists targeted for repeal anti-miscegenation laws in seventeen states. Jim Crow laws had disdained and diluted the Fourteenth Amendment's intended purpose. The general upheaval in churches and U.S. society in the 1960s and 1970s included dramatic events that affected interracial relations. A few Catholic associations, notably the National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice (NCCIJ), actively opposed racism. Thus, the NCCIJ took an interest in an anti-miscegenation conviction in Virginia. The interracial couple Richard and Delores Jeter Loving appealed their conviction to the U.S. Supreme Court. The NCCIJ proposed to influence the outcome using an amici curiae (friends of the court) brief in its name and the names of willing Southern Catholic bishops. This essay explores the creation of the brief. While the court decided in the Lovings' favor, the justices unsurprisingly did not cite the brief in the opinion. Nevertheless, the bishops' support for the Lovings demonstrated an increasing Catholic commitment to civil and human rights.
The Afro-Surinamese "Du" Dance and Song Theatre: A Historical Analysis in a Caribbean Context
Authors: Dewulf Jeroen
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article studies a little-known Afro-Surinamese theatrical dance and song tradition known as the Du . While the Du has generally been studied as a uniquely Surinamese cultural expression, this article places the tradition in a broader Caribbean context and pays particular attention to parallels with the Jamaican Sets . Based on these parallels, it argues that the Du could be understood as a variant of a broader cultural Caribbean phenomenon. It also explores a possible shared cultural heritage with roots in Africa, most notably in the West African Dou masquerade and the Central African kikumbe ritual. However, it also shows evidence that the Du and Sets find parallels in Luso-African traditions and argues that their shared cultural heritage could also consist of syncretic traditions that, already on African soil, mixed indigenous elements with elements rooted in early-modern Iberian culture. Resumen: Este artículo estudia una tradición teatral afro-surinamesa de danza y canción poco conocida: el Du . Aunque el Du se ha sido generalmente estudiado como una expresión cultural exclusivamente surinamesa, este artículo sitúa la tradición teatral en un contexto caribeño más amplio y presta especial atención a los paralelismos con los Sets jamaicanos. Basándose en estos paralelismos, sostiene que el Du puede entenderse como una variante de un fenómeno cultural caribeño más amplio. También explora una posible herencia cultural compartida con raíces en África, a saber, la mascarada Dou de África Occidental y el ritual kikumbe de África Central. Sin embargo, también muestra que el Du y Sets encuentran paralelismos en tradiciones luso-africanas y argumenta que su legado cultural compartido también podría consistir en tradiciones sincréticas que, ya en suelo africano, mezclaron elementos autóctonos con elementos arraigados en la cultura ibérica de la Edad Moderna. Resumé: Cet article étudie une tradition théâtrale afro-surinamaise de danse et chanson peu connue: le Du . Alors que le Du a généralement été étudié comme une expression culturelle uniquement surinamaise, cet article place la tradition théâtrale dans un contexte caribéen plus large et accorde une attention particulière aux parallèles avec les Sets jamaïcains. Sur la base de ces parallèles, il soutient que le Du peut être compris comme une variante d'un phénomène culturel caribéen plus large. Il explore également la possibilité d'un héritage culturel partagé avec des racines en Afrique, plus particulièrement dans la mascarade Dou d'Afrique de l'Ouest et le rituel kikumbe d'Afrique centrale. Cependant, il montre également que le Du et le Sets trouvent des parallèles dans les traditions luso-africaines et défend que leur origine culturelle commun pourrait également consister en des traditions syncrétiques qui, déjà sur le sol africain, mélangeaient des éléments indigènes avec des éléments enracinés dans la culture ibérique du début de l'époque moderne.
Contemporary Muscular Christian Values as "Culturalized Religion": A Theoretical Framework and Pilot Data
Authors: Smith Zachary , Hardin Robin , Waller Steven
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Muscular Christianity is widely regarded as a leading contributor to the development of contemporary sport culture in the United States. Sport historians and sociologists have recognized muscular Christianity as a "hegemonic influence on modern sport culture" (Meyer, et al., 2020, p. 171) but the implications of this insight have not been thoroughly investigated in the field of sport management. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework for future research on muscular Christianity in the context of sport management. To accomplish this, we combine theories of culturalized religion and cultural repertoires from the sociology of religion and culture literatures, arguing that muscular Christianity can be studied as culturalized religion. We support this argument with pilot survey data using the Contemporary Muscular Christian Instrument, as well as literature reviews that show that Christianity often operates as a regnant, if secularized, discourse in both sport culture and higher education. We conclude with a brief discussion of how this framework can be applied to study and teach on muscular Christianity in the sport management context.
Eucharist and Ecology
Authors: McPartlan Paul
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The Directory for Catechesis emphasizes that care for creation is "an integral part of the Christian life" and indicates that appropriate catechesis should heed "the signs of the liturgy." In Laudato Sí , Pope Francis focuses on the Eucharist as "a source of light and motivation for our concerns for the environment." With particular reference to writers from the Eastern Orthodox tradition, which has retained a strong awareness of the cosmic aspects of Christian faith and the sacraments, the article considers the relationship between human beings and creation that is expressed when bread and wine, fruit of the earth and work of human hands, are offered to God in the Eucharist. Christ fulfills the biblical understanding of humanity as steward, even priest, of creation, and the regular celebration of the Eucharist, through him and with him and in him, forms the Christian community in a right relationship with creation. The ecological problem is seen to be primarily spiritual in nature, and to need a solution that is essentially religious. Rightly understood, Christianity holds the key to its solution, though for too long, particularly in the West, it has seemed concerned only with the salvation of human beings or even simply with saving souls. Christ promised the new heavens and the new earth, and the current crisis is an opportunity for Christians to embrace once again the full dimensions of the salvation he has won and to bear witness in the world accordingly.
Oops . . . I Did It Again, or Britney Spears at the Marriage Tribunal: The Appointment of Guardians for Incompetent Parties in Marriage Nullity Cases
Authors: Beal John P.
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Since at least Roman times, jurists have been concerned that the fairness of judicial proceedings can be undermined when one of the parties to the process is mentally impaired. As a result, the law has made provision for the recognition or appointment of guardians to act on behalf and protect the rights of the impaired in processes. After a brief overview of the American law governing guardians or conservators, this article examines how the problem of mentally impaired parties is dealt with in canon law: the recognition or appointment of guardians, the circumstances when guardians are required, the procedure for the appointment of guardians, and the role of guardians in the process itself. The article concludes by examining some problematic practices of marriage tribunals: the appointment of guardians ad cautelam , the routine appointment of guardians in all or most cases, the appointment of guardians for respondents judged “dangerous,” and the appointment of guardians for respondents judged “disruptive.”
Moral Certainty in Uncertain Times: The Importance of Standards of Proof When Responding to Accusations of Clerical Misconduct
Authors: Mazza Michael J.
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Recent high profile civil and criminal trials in the United States and elsewhere have reinforced the importance of due process in an age of snap judgments. Similarly, Catholic priests accused of misconduct often seem to be assumed guilty until proven innocent, even within the Church, despite the principle of the presumption of innocence, now contained in canon 1321 §1, and the moral certainty standard of proof in canon 1608. This article reviews the various standards of proof under both civil and canon law, discusses their origin, and highlights their fundamental importance in the current environment. It also scrutinizes the use of certain inferior substitutes to moral certainty currently being employed in canon 1717 preliminary investigations and in decisions to publish the names of accused clerics. Through the lens of well-known secular standards of proof such as "reasonable suspicion," "probable cause," "clear and convincing," and "beyond a reasonable doubt," the article aims to bring more clarity to an environment that stands in need of more precise and uniform language.
A Canonical Analysis of the February 20, 2023 Rescriptum ex audientia SS.mi concerning Implementation of the Motu Proprio Traditionis custodes
Authors: Pietras Dawid
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: The Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments' Rescriptum ex audientia SS.mi on the implementation of the motu proprio Traditionis custodes of July 16, 2021 was granted by Pope Francis on February 20, 2023 and was published by the same dicastery. Through this Rescriptum , which should be read in terms of the law, the issuing of dispensations from certain norms of the motu proprio regarding the use of the books of the Roman Rite in force in 1962 is reserved to the Apostolic See. Moreover, the dicastery was given the task of examining the dispensations that have already been granted in the specified matter of the motu proprio. The purpose of the Rescrip tum was to expedite implementation of the motu proprio Traditionis custodes , under which the unique expression of the lex orandi of the Roman Rite is the liturgy celebrated according to the books reformed after the Second Vatican Council.
From the Liturgical Movement to Pope Francis's Desiderio desideravi : Frederick McManus and His German Colleagues United in Liturgical Formation and Reform
Authors: Benini Marco
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: The 2023 McManus Lecture, delivered at The Catholic University of America, honors the prominent canonist and liturgist Monsignor Frederick R. McManus by highlighting his liturgical expertise and merits for the liturgical renewal. McManus notably cooperated with his German colleagues in Trier, Johannes Wagner as the head of the German Liturgical Institute, and Balthasar Fischer, the first chair of liturgical studies in Germany. Based on their letters kept in the archive of the Liturgical Institute in Trier, one can see how these important figures of the liturgical renewal became acquainted at international liturgical study meetings in 1956/60, cooperated as consultants for drafting Sacrosanctum Concilium , engaged in the liturgical reform of the Mass and the baptismal rites, and worked together in promoting liturgical studies. These three protagonists were part of the larger context of the liturgical movement as it existed between Germany and the United States in the early liturgical movement, in which Virgil Michel and immigrants brought ideas from Europe/Germany to the United States and adapted them. While the relationship first was one of influence and support, in the later liturgical movement it became one of cooperation. Pope Francis has recalled our attention to the liturgical movement in Desiderio desideravi , which demonstrates the enduring relevance of these three protagonists and the liturgical formation to which they have contributed.