bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The SWATH-D Seismological Network in the Eastern Alps
Authors: Heit Benjamin , Cristiano Luigia , Haberland Christian , Tilmann Frederik , Pesaresi Damiano , Jia Yan , Hausmann Helmut , Hemmleb Susanne , Haxter Martin , Zieke Thomas , Jaeckl Karl-Heinz , Schloemer Antje , Weber Michael
Published: February 2021

The SWATH-D experiment involved the deployment of a dense temporary broadband seismic network in the Eastern Alps. Its primary purpose was enhanced seismic imaging of the crust and crust–mantle transition, as well as improved constraints on local event locations and focal mechanisms in a complex part of the Alpine orogen. The study region is a key area of the Alps, where European crust in the north is juxtaposed and partially interwoven with Adriatic crust in the south, and a significant jump in the Moho depth was observed by the 2002 TRANSALP north–south profile. Here, a flip in subduction polarity has been suggested to occur. This dense network encompasses 163 stations and complements the larger-scale sparser AlpArray seismic network. The nominal station spacing in SWATH-D is 15 km in a high alpine, yet densely populated and industrialized region. We present here the challenges resulting from operating a large broadband network under these conditions and summarize how we addressed them, including the way we planned, deployed, maintained, and operated the stations in the field. Finally, we present some recommendations based on our experiences.
Analysis of Seismic Signals Generated by Vehicle Traffic with Application to Derivation of Subsurface Q-Values
Authors: Meng Haoran , Ben-Zion Yehuda , Johnson Christopher W.
Published: February 2021

Correct identification and modeling of anthropogenic sources of ground motion are of considerable importance for many studies, including detection of small earthquakes and imaging seismic properties below the surface. To understand signals generated by common vehicle traffic, we use seismic data recorded by closely spaced geophones normal to roads at two sites on San Jacinto fault zone. To quantify the spatiotemporal and frequency variations of the recorded ground motions, we develop a simple analytical solution accounting for propagation and attenuation of surface waves. The model reproduces well-observed bell-shaped spectrograms of car signals recorded by geophones close to roads, and it can be used to estimate frequency-dependent Q-values of the subsurface materials. The data analysis indicates Q-values of 3–40, for frequencies up to 150 Hz for road-receiver paths at the two examined sites. The derived Q-values are consistent with attenuation factors of surface waves previously obtained with other methods. The analytical results and analysis procedure provide a highly efficient method for deriving Q-values of shallow subsurface materials.
Aportes de la sociología de la educación la formación de profesores de educación primaria
Authors: Cifuentes-Medina Jose Eriberto , Pineda-de-Cuadros Nubia Elena , Torres-Ortiz Jaime Andrés
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo se analizan y comparan desde una dimensión teórica - conceptual los aportes dados por teóricos de la Sociología en sus inicios históricos, en relación con los referentes contemporáneos de la Sociología de la Educación, evidenciando puntos de tensión y discusión situados principalmente entre la sociología funcionalista crítica y progresista, con énfasis en esquemas conceptuales con relaciones y diferencias de orden histórico, económico y cultural. La relación se configura en un escenario que, hasta el presente, demuestra que la trascendencia de referentes históricos y sociológicos, inciden en las líneas teóricas de la sociología de la educación, entre estos, el Marxismo y la teoría sociológica de Max Weber.
Anthropometric nutrition outcomes of children under 5 years undergoing cleft palate repair at CoRSU rehabilitation hospital Uganda; trends, patterns and determinants
Authors: Mbuga Joseph , Galiwango George William , Tungotyo Martin
Published: February 2021

Background: Objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of postoperative malnutrition and compare the preoperative and postoperative trends and patterns of malnutrition among children under 5 years undergoing cleft palate repair at CoRSU rehabilitation hospital in Uganda.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study done between March 2018 and March 2019 at CoRSU rehabilitation hospital; a tertiary rehabilitation hospital offering free comprehensive cleft care to patients from Uganda and beyond. We consecutively enrolled 115 non-syndromic children under 5 years who had undergone complete cleft palate repair at CoRSU hospital at least 3 months previously. Children’s anthropometric parameters; weight for age Z score, height for age Z score and weight for height Z score were obtained and compared at initial, preoperative and postoperative visits.Results: The prevalence of wasting was 53.0% versus 12.7% versus 4.4% that of stunting was 44.4% versus 41.7% versus 48.7% that of underweight was 57.4% versus 34.8% versus 15.7% while that of overweight was 0.0% versus 5.2% versus 9.6% at initial, preoperative and postoperative visits respectively. Postoperative stunting was independently associated with age groups 12-23 months (p=0.013) and 24-59 months (p=0.006), residing in Eastern (p=0.021) and Western (p=0.033) regions and being stunted (p=0.000) or wasted (p=0.028) preoperatively.Conclusions: Postoperatively, the prevalence of both wasting and underweight reduced by 10- and 3- fold respectively; prevalence of stunting remained critically high while that of overweight increased nearly 10-fold. Surgery improves the nutrition status of children with cleft palate.
Use of early nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm neonates with hyaline membrane disease (neonatal respiratory distress syndrome)
Authors: Reddy R. D. M. Suresh , Koripadu Seshagiri , Yanamandala Harischandra Venkata
Published: February 2021

Background: In developing countries like ours, there is high burden of prematurity and sub-optimal use of antenatal steroid administration resulting infrequent hyaline membrane disease (HMD).Methods: A total 50 cases of clinically diagnosed HMD with gestational age between 28-34 weeks admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). 50 babies were treated with early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (within 6 hours of onset of respiratory distress).Results: Incidence of prematurity was 12.42%. Incidence of HMD observed between gestational ages of 28-34 weeks is 3.2%. Out of total 50 babies who were managed with early nasal CPAP, it proved effective in 40 babies (80%), remaining 10 babies (20%) had to be intubated and required ventilation. Out of 10 babies who required ventilation 90% of the babies were less than 32 weeks gestation age; remaining 10% were between 33-34 weeks. Analysis of these results showed that outcome is better with increased gestational age (p<0.005). Out of 10 babies who failed 80% were <1500 g and remaining 20% above 1500 g. We found significant improvement (p<0.005) in SA score after application of nasal CPAP. Babies on CPAP had significant improvement in oxygenation (p<0.05). A success rate of 93.1% observed in moderate grade HMD (p<0.005). Out of 10 babies who failed on nasal CPAP, 80% of them had severe grade HMD and 20% showed moderate HMD. A success rate of 92.86% was found in babies of mothers who had received antenatal steroids and 63.63% of babies whose mothers had not received antenatal steroids improved with early nasal CPAP (p<0.05).Conclusions: Nasal CPAP is found to be effective in babies of mothers who had received antenatal steroids. Nasal CPAP is safe, inexpensive and effective means of respiratory support in HMD. Use of early nasal CPAP which is simple, non-invasive, has low capital outlay and does not require expertise, is the option for us where most places cannot provide invasive ventilation.
Antibiotic associated diarrhoea in paediatric outpatient practice
Authors: Anumolu Srimukhi , Edagotti Gowri , Rahman M. A.
Published: February 2021

Background: To document the profile of antibiotic associated diarrhoea (AAD) in children aged 6 months to 15 years receiving oral antibiotics.Methods: Prospective study of children attending the out-patient department, who were started on oral antibiotic for indications other than gastrointestinal infections. Data collection was done with a questionnaire and follow up was done by telephone.Results: Of the 1022 children, seven developed AAD (0.68%). Twenty-nine other children had loose stools but did not fulfil the criteria of AAD. Of 436 children who received Amoxicillin clavulanate, 4 developed AAD. One each from 361 on amoxicillin, 9 on ciprofloxacin and 8 on erythromycin developed AAD. Five of the seven children who had diarrhoea were less than two years (71.4%).Conclusions: Incidence of AAD is very low in an out-patient setting. In all cases, diarrhoea subsided on stopping the antibiotic. Children below two years of age and those on Amoxicillin clavulanate have a significantly higher risk.
Clinical profile and complications: scrub typhus in children at a tertiary hospital in south India, Nellore
Authors: Kishore E. , Sreedhar S. V. S.
Published: February 2021

Background: Rickettsial diseases, including scrub typhus, are emerging across the Asia-Pacific region as a significant source of acute undifferentiated febrile disease. The purpose of the research is to study the clinical profile, symptoms, and results of cases of scrub typhus admitted to rural medical colleges.Methods: From November 2019 to August 2020, this prospective descriptive research was performed at Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. Children who were scrub typhus-positive by immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were tested.Results: 164 children (more than 40 percent of fever cases) were scrub typhus-positive during the study time. Many of the children had a fever. 84.15 percent, 49.40 percent, 37.20 percent, 56.10 percent, and 25 percent respectively saw high-grade fever, chills, vomiting, cough, and headache. In 63.41 percent of children, Eschar was shown. The typical findings were lymphadenopathy (68.30 percent) and hepatomegaly (more than 57 percent). In 47.56 percent, 25.60 percent, 39.63 percent, and 37.19 percent, shock, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, and ascites were observed. Popular lab results were anemia (70.12 percent) and thrombocytopenia (74.40 percent). Complications were recorded in shock (47.56 percent), ARDS (10.36 percent), meningoencephalitis (7.32 percent), and MODS (1.22 percent). The complications were treated with doxycycline (51.21 percent), azithromycin (12.80 percent), and both drugs (35.97 percent) were used to treat the complications.Conclusions: When a child presents with acute febrile illness, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anemia with thrombocytopenia, and features suggestive of capillary leak diagnosis of scrub typhus must be considered. Doxycycline or azithromycin, proper fluid boluses, inotropes, and O2 through Jackson-Rees circuit are life-saving for scrub typhus and its complications.
Cockayne syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosa: a rare case report
Authors: Shamanuru Latha Gowdru , Doddamane Veeresh Babu , Preeti Veeranna
Published: February 2021

Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by premature ageing (progeria), facial anomalies, cachectic dwarfism, mental retardation, cutaneous photosensitivity, and retinopathy, loss of adipose tissue and muscle, and neurological abnormality which are associated with the changes in the brain parenchyma. The findings of computed tomography scan and especially magnetic resonance imaging of the brain support the clinical diagnosis of CS. There is no permanent cure of this condition and death usually occurs in the second or third decade due to functional disability and multiple infections.
Neurological presentation of Wilson’s disease without overt hepatic involvement
Authors: Arora Sunita , Kaur Arshpuneet
Published: February 2021

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) is a rare autosomal recessive disease. Here, we report a child affected by Wilson disease with only neurological manifestations without hepatic involvement.
Hypo-cortisolism, early onset obesity and liver disease in a child with homozygous proopiomelanocortin mutation
Authors: Joshi Rajesh , Malagi Krishna
Published: February 2021

The peptide derivatives of proopiomelanocortin molecule are involved in energy homeostasis, regulation of food intake, skin pigmentation and augment biliary flow. Homozygous mutation in POMC gene, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, is associated with hyperphagia leading to early onset obesity, hypoglycaemia and neonatal cholestasis due to cortisol deficiency and red hair pigmentation as a result of alpha MSH deficiency. We report a child having multiple episodes of hypoglycemia with this disorder who presented like liver disease. Our case report highlights the importance of early suspicion of this rare condition and confirmation with genetic analysis.
Uncommon etiology of a common presentation
Authors: Venkatkrishnan Akila , Chelliah Suresh , Pachamuthu Meganathan , Jayabalan Sathia Dev
Published: February 2021

Intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in infants. The authors present a rare case of intussusception in a SARS-CoV-2 positive infant, and a severity score of 5 on HRCT. This is the first documented case of survival in SARS-CoV-2 patient where intussusception was the primary manifestation, which required surgical intervention.
Study of clinical profile of hyponatremia in elderly patients admitted to medical wards at Mandya institute of medical sciences, Mandya
Authors: . Chandregowda , K. Mahesh , Unnikrishnan Anagha
Published: February 2021

Background: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in geriatric age group owing to impaired ability to maintain water and electrolyte homeostasis and it contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality. The etiology is multifactorial. Hyponatremia may be euvolemic, hypovolemic or hypervolemic with euvolemic being the most common and most of the patients presents with nonspecific symptoms. As aggressive or inappropriate therapy of hyponatraemia can be more harmful than the condition itself, clinicians should be familiar with the diagnosis and management of various forms of hyponatraemia in order to deliver precise management. The aim is to assess the clinical profile of hyponatremia in medically ill patients, its etiology and associated morbidity and mortality.Methods: This study was a hospital based retrospective cross sectional observational study involving 150 patients aged ≥60 years presenting with signs and symptoms of hyponatremia confirmed by lab investigations (plasma sodium <135 meq/l) admitted to medical ward of tertiary care hospital of MIMS, Mandya from April 2019 to March 2020.Results: The most frequent symptom of presentation was nausea and vomiting (38.66%) and most of the patients had a euvolemic hydration status.Conclusions: The study thus focus the need for appropriate and timely diagnosis for reducing the associated morbidity and mortality associated with hyponatremia.
Study of correlation of various metabolic abnormalities in patients of metabolic syndrome with abnormal thyroid functions and ultrasonography from Central India
Authors: Upadhyay Shubham , Jhavar Dharmendra , Patel Naresh Kumar , Chouhan Rajesh , Khalwadekar Ambar
Published: February 2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of various clinical and biochemical abnormalities. The thyroid hormone has influence on almost each and every cell of various organs in the body. Its deficiency or excess is likely to have various metabolic abnormalities and structural changes in thyroid gland may correlate with abnormal thyroid function test.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in 100 consecutive patients of metabolic syndrome from October 2013 to October 2014 at MGM medical college and MY hospital Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India from one year of study duration and both outdoor and in patients were included in this study.Results: In this study, 24 (24%) patients were pre-hypertensive. A 42 (42%) and 13 (13%) patients had stage I and stage II hypertension respectively. 78 (78%) patients had FBS more than 100 mg/dl and out of these patients, 61 patients had DM type 2 with FBS more than 125 mg/dl. TG was more than 150 mg/dl in 65 (65%) patients. Serum HDL level was low in 30 males and 52 females. USG thyroid findings in patients with thyroid dysfunction (24), were within normal limit, thyroiditis, thyroid adenoma, benign thyroid nodule, multinodular goiter, colloid cyst, and neoplastic lesion in 62.5%, 8.3%, 8.3%, 4.2%, 8.3%, 4.2%, and 4.2% respectively.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions is more common in metabolic syndrome patients. All metabolic syndrome patients can be evaluated by thyroid function tests and ultrasonography to diagnose thyroid dysfunctions in early stages.
Ascites et causa hepatic cirrhosis
Authors: Hotama Jason Raymond , Suryana Ketut
Published: February 2021

Cirrhosis of the liver is the end result of irreversible hepatocellular injury causing fibrosis and nodular regeneration of the liver. One of the complications of hepatic cirrhosis is ascites. The most common causes of ascites in liver cirrhosis are portal hypertension, hypoalbuminemia and kidney dysfunction which will result in the accumulation of the fluid in the peritoneum. Ascites in cirrhosis is truly important as it is highly associated with mortality, and significantly requires liver transplantation as a therapeutic option. This article reports an SIA woman, 68 years old, diagnosed with ascites e.c hepatic cirrhosis who was treated due to an enlarged abdomen. The patient received diuretic therapy but there were no significant changes. The patient also received an ascitic fluid puncture procedure. Cirrhosis of the liver is a condition where the extracellular matrix or scar tissue accumulates as a response to acute or chronic liver injury. Ascites is the most likely complication occurred in cirrhosis patients. The occurrence of ascites in cirrhosis is very important which is correlated to the patient’s mortality. Adequate ascites therapy will levitate the quality of life for cirrhosis patients and prevent complications.
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pain management
Authors: Antoine-Frank Chrystal D. , Ellis Kaydeonne T. , Antoine Malcolm R. , Annan Pars Daniel , Seyni-Boureima Rimanatou
Published: February 2021

As diabetes mellitus continues to be a global health issue, more and more cases of macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications are being commonly observed amongst this category of patients. One micro-vascular complication often seen in diabetic patients is diabetic neuropathy as at least 50% of diabetic patients will experience some form of neuropathy following a diagnosis of diabetes for about 25 years. Even though diabetic patients are at risk for developing various types of neuropathies, polyneuropathies are most commonly observed and develop mainly develop due to hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia and abnormal insulin signaling. Polyneuropathies are commonly accompanied by bilateral sensory loss in the distal limbs. Varying degrees of pain are also observed with this complication and pain management may serve to be very complicated. Therefore, this review discusses neuropathy focusing specifically on the effective management of the pain that commonly accompanies this diabetic complication.
Clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic subcoracoid decompression for idiopathic coracoid impingement, a stepped approach
Authors: Fadel Mohei M. , Gawish Hesham M. , Elsheikh Mohamed A.
Published: February 2021

Background: Idiopathic subcoracoid impingement is considered now as a well-established cause of anterior shoulder pain. There are multiple techniques reported for management of subcoracoid impingement. Open decompression and reattachment of conjoint tendon as well as arthroscopic resection of coracoid tip. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic stepwise approach for management of idiopathic coracoid impingment.

Methods: This prospective therapeutic case series study included 26 consecutive patients suffering from anterior shoulder pain and were diagnosed as subcoracoid impingement. All cases were evaluated preoperatively and followed up for 12 months after surgery both clinically and radiologically. Arthroscopic subcoracoid decompression, coracoplasty and arthroscopic repair of partial subscapularis tear if present were done for all cases.

Results: The mean age at the time of surgery was 45.3±5.4years. At the final follow up, the mean VAS score improved significantly to 0.8±0.8points postoperatively (p<0.01). The mean Constant score improved significantly to 87.8±7.8 at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The mean UCLA score improved significantly to 32.1±2.4 at the end of follow-up (P<0.001)

Conclusions: Coracoid impingement should be in mind when evaluating any patient with anterior shoulder pain. The arthroscopic management in form of bone, bursal and tendon procedures (triple attack) is a good treatment to relieve clinical symptoms with excellent patient reported outcomes.

 
Outcome of trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction tendon interposition for the treatment of advanced thumb carpometacarpal arthritis: a prospective study
Authors: Kaur Eknoor , Saini Narender , Sharma Shashank , Meena Devi Sahai
Published: February 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the functional outcome of the cases with advanced thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis treated with trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction tendon interposition (LRTI) in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS), disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score, Kapandji score, range of motion (ROM) of radial and volar abduction of the thumb, grip power, key pinch and the height of the trapezial space.

Methods: In a prospective before and after interventional study of 30 patients with the advanced thumb CMC joint arthritis underwent the procedure. An average follows up period was 17.9 months.

Results: The mean VAS decreased from 8.17 to 2.70. The mean Kapandji score and DASH score improved from 3.47 and 71.62 preoperative to 8.23 and 14.46 postoperative.  Mean ROM for radial and volar abduction increased from 42.57° and 48° to 61°and 64.73° respectively. Mean key pinch power and grip power increased from 2.80 kg and 3.47 kg to 4.70 kg and 9.01 kg respectively.  There was a significant decrease in height of the trapezial space. Three patient complaint of the persistent pain at the surgical site and not much improvement in the DASH score.

Conclusions:  Trapeziectomy with LRTI using flexor carpi radialis (FCR) transfer is an effective treatment for the advanced thumb CMC arthritis. This procedure stabilizes thumb metacarpal and provide enough support which prevents the collapse of metacarpal into dead space.
Study on functional outcome of intra articular fractures of distal humerus managed by locking compression plate
Authors: Bhat Adarsh Krishna , Jacob Tigy Thomas , Sameul Shajimon
Published: February 2021

Background: The primary goal in management of intra articular fractures of distal humerus is to achieve stable and mobile elbow. Type C fracture of distal humerus is a relatively uncommon fracture. Internal fixation is difficult but anatomical reduction is needed to prevent poor functional outcome and degenerative changes.

Methods: Functional outcome of patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation with locking compression plates for intra articular fractures of distal humerus at the department of orthopedics, Government medical college Kottayam, from December 2017 to July 2019, were assessed using Mayo elbow performance index. A total of 30 patients were studied.

Results: Excellent and good results were found in 25 cases, 3 patients had fair outcome and 2 patients had poor result. Complications encountered in our study were, infection (superficial treated with antibiotics-3 cases), heterotopic ossification (3 cases), hard ware prominence (2 cases) and non-union (1 case).

Conclusions: Complications were minimal and outcomes were good in patients with type C distal humerus fractures who underwent bicolumn locking compression plates fixation by posterior approach.

 
Anatomical plating versus titanium elastic nailing for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: a prospective comparative study
Authors: Philip Ashish , Suranigi Shishir Murugharaj , . Lingaraj , Rengasamy Kanagasabai , Najimudeen Syed
Published: February 2021

Background: Plate fixation has become the standard operative method for fixing displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Over the years, TENS has also gained lot of attention due to its minimal invasive nature, smaller scar and reduced operative time. The purpose of this study was to compare the functional outcome of middle third displaced clavicle fractures treated either by plate or intra medullary TENS fixation using Constant Murley score and disability of the arm, shoulder and hand score.

Methods: A prospective randomised study was conducted from January 2010 to September 2016 at our institute on patients with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. A total of 56 patients (TENS; n=25, plating; n=31), classified according to orthopaedic trauma association classification underwent midshaft clavicle fixation. They were followed-up for a minimum period of 1 year.

Results: Length of the scar in the TENS group was significantly smaller when compared to the incision in the plating group (1.86±1.23 and 11.01±3.29 cms respectively, p<0.001). The Constant shoulder score measured at the end of 1 year was 90.77±9.01 for the TENS group and 92.63±6.04 for the plating group, not significant statistically (p=0.269). The mean DASH score was also not significantly different (p=0.552) between the TENS group and the plating group, at 6.01±11.09 and 6.32±10.33 respectively.

Conclusions: In comparison with plate fixation, the nailing procedure is less invasive, requires smaller incisions and has a shorter duration of hospital stay with no statistically significant difference in terms of functional outcome. Hence, TENS technique is recommended for the fixation of displaced mid-shaft non-/minimal comminuted clavicular fractures, especially for young individuals and can be used as an alternative to plate fixation.

 
Is large femoral head a better option than a conventional femoral head primary total hip arthroplasty in Indian population
Authors: Seenappa Hiranya Kumar , Naraynamurthy Karthik Mittemari , Rashid Rasiq , Nadagouda Shivraj , Chand Vamshhikrishna
Published: February 2021

Background: Study aimed to assess and compare the functional outcome in patients underwent the large femoral head THA and conventional femoral head THA.

Methods: It is a comparative prospective cross sectional study conducted among the patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty through postero-lateral approach at department of orthopaedics Vydehi institute of medical sciences, Bengaluru during the period of July 2017 to July 2019. Patients aged between 18-80years of both genders undergoing Primary THA for Osteoarthritis (OA), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Post traumatic arthritis, Avascular necrosis (AVN), Acute fracture neck of femur, Non-union fracture neck of femur (NOF). Patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty in Intertrochanteric fracture, Acetabular fracture and patients undergoing Revision Hip Arthroplasty were excluded from study. Patients were grouped as the ones treated with large femoral head THA and conventional femoral head THA.

Results: This series consisted of 36 patients with 44 diseased hips treated with primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Out of 36 patients, 9 patients (25%) belonged to an age group of below 30 years of age, 10 patients (27.8%) belonged to the age group between 31-40 years of age, 8 patients (22.2%) belonged to the age group 41-51 years of age and 9 patients (25%) belonged to age group of 51-60 years of age. The mean level of Modified Harris Hip score and improvement of movements in all planes was found to be statistically significantly in the patients treated with large femoral head primary THA compared to those treated with conventional method. (p<0.001)

Conclusions: Study has shown improved functional outcome (Modified harris hip score) and range of movement in the patients treated with the large femoral head primary THA as compared to those treated with a conventional femoral head.
Role of volar plating in unstable distal radial fractures in elderly patients in tertiary teaching hospital
Authors: S. Santhosh Kumar , Surat Amarnath , M. Rami Reddy , Kumar K. Satya
Published: February 2021

Background: Aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of volar locking plate fixation for unstable distal radical fractures DRFs in the elderly population (60 years old and older).

Methods: An ethical committee approved the study protocol for research studies at NRI medical college. We included only unstable distal radial fractures in elderly patients between 60 to 70 years, and patients who consent to the study. We excluded patients with comorbid conditions and below 60 years and patients with vascular injuries. Results were evaluated by the DASH questionnaire and Gartland and Werley scores.

Results: According to Gartland and Werley score, 30 patients (85.7%) had excellent and good results. According to the DASH score, 31 patients (88.5%) had excellent and good results, and four patients (11.4%) had fair results. The most commonly noted complications in our study were arthritis (2 cases 5.7%), extensor pollicis longus tendon irritation (1 case 2.9%), and Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (1 case 2.9 %).

Conclusions: Locked compression plate in unstable distal radius fractures provides excellent results with an effective correction of distal radius anatomy. Early range of movements of joints leads to a good outcome and return to regular activity.

 
Functional outcome of traumatic paraplegia and paraparesis patients treated with pedicle screw stabilization with decompression
Authors: P. K. Arif , Jacob Tigy Thomas
Published: February 2021

Background: In this study, unstable thoracolumbar spine fractures with neurological deficit fixed with Moss Miami pedicle screw and decompression were followed up for neurological improvement (sensory and motor functions). Patients were admitted in the department of Orthopaedics, Government medical college, Kottayam from November 2016 to October 2017.

Methods: In this observational study, 96 patients (aged 17 to 60 years) are followed up. The preoperative neurological status and post-operative recovery are follow-up at 1, 3 and 6 months and graded by Frankel’s grading. Change from Frankel’s grade A OR B to Frankel grade C, D OR E was said to be improved neurologically.

Results: 87.3% males and 12.7% females with 58.3% patients having fall from height sustained wedge compression fractures (49.1%), burst fractures (46.8%) and fracture dislocations (4.1%). vertebra fractured were L1-31.4%, T12-22.9% and L2-19.7%. Complete paralysis was 44.8% and 55.2% incomplete. At 6 months 75% patients showed improvement and 25% patients showed nil. 95.5% patients (18-30 years) showed improvement and only 50% (51-60 years). Incomplete neurological deficit showed significant improvement (100%) compared to patients with complete paralysis (44.2%). Preoperative Frankel score has significant relationship with final neurological (44% of patients with Frankel A and 100% with Frankel D.

Conclusions: Moss Miami pedicle screw stabilization with decompression is an effective surgical technique in maintaining stability of spine in traumatic paraplegia and paraparesis patients and there is significant improvement in neurological status.
Realismo científico y nominalismo. Respuesta a Stathis Psillos
Authors: Guirado Matías
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo rechazo los alegatos de Psillos (2012) contra el nominalismo moderado (NM). El NM es una variante del realismo que recomienda restringir la creencia racional a los contenidos puramente nominalistas de las teorías científicas. Psillos cuestiona esta pretensión, aduciendo que los contenidos platónicos desempeñan un papel insoslayable en la explicación del éxito de la ciencia. Para refutar esta postura, hago tres cosas: sostengo que las teorías científicas tienen contenidos puramente nominalistas, defiendo la plausibilidad metacientífica del concepto de adecuación nominalista y descarto la existencia de hechos físico-matemáticos básicos.
Kitcher y la organización de la investigación científica: un análisis de la ciencia desde los modelos ideales de la economía
Authors: Gallardo Álvaro
Published: February 2021

Este documento muestra el trabajo de Kitcher en relación a la organización de la investigación en las ciencias. Se argumentará que el propósito del autor es valorable porque pretende mostrar desde un argumento nacido de la economía, que los científicos al buscar sus propios intereses (no necesariamente epistémicos) pueden lograr la verdad científica. El hecho de integrar elementos sociales e individuales en el desarrollo de la ciencia y con ello lograr conocimiento es una avance con relación a la epistemología tradicional y las epistemologías relativistas; sin embargo este desarrollo de la epistemología social tiene una limitación en términos de su perspectiva ontológica individualista la cual no permite sino ver al científico, como un agente que elige estratégicamente la teoría donde quiere inscribirse. La pintura de la ciencia así lograda se limita a ilustrar el trabajo de científicos de juguetes ofreciendo una postura limitada del trabajo científico. Se sugieren rutas de análisis que den mejor cuenta del trabajo científico al complementar los desarrollos de epistemología social con una ontología social más adecuada al propósito de la organización del trabajo científico.
Especulaciones y controversias en la cosmología física contemporánea: el problema de la crcreación en la hipótesis del multiverso, un análisis histórico
Authors: Mayo Sánchez David
Published: February 2021

La historia ha demostrado que la ciencia, en este caso la cosmología física, al encontrarse con el problema de los orígenes del Universo se ha visto envuelta en una serie de especulaciones y controversias, ingresando en ámbitos no precisamente científicos. Los científicos se han dado a la tarea de elaborar hipótesis y teorías en las que han incluido el concepto no-científico de creación, y debido a esto tales hipótesis han terminado con varios problemas epistemológicos y ontológicos. Este es el caso de la hipótesis cosmológica del multiverso, la cual es considerada por una gran parte de la comunidad de físicos y cosmólogos como una teoría científica que podría describir y explicar la creación del Universo y dar razón de sus leyes y constantes, pero al mismo tiempo otra parte de la comunidad científica considera que el multiverso no es ciencia. El presente estudio se centra en mostrar y analizar críticamente, desde la perspectiva histórica, este contexto científico-filosófico de la cosmología física contemporánea y sus significativas implicaciones.
¿Son válidos los argumentos evolutivos desacreditadores en contra de la ciencia cognitiva creacionista de la religión?
Authors: Sierra Jorge
Published: February 2021

Según Plantinga, la identificación de los mecanismos cognitivos (postulados por la ciencia cognitiva de la religión (CCR) para explicar la creencia en Dios) con el sensus divinitatis, permite construir un argumento a favor de la racionalidad del teísmo e, incluso, otro a favor de su verdad. El objetivo de este texto es mostrar de qué manera se puede socavar tal argumento de la ciencia cognitiva creacionista de la religión (CCCRR) a favor del teísmo, apoyándome en 2 argumentos evolutivos desacreditadores (AED) inspirados en Hume. Los AED contra la racionalidad de la  creencia religiosa parten de la afirmación de que tal creencia es causada por procesos que no rastrean la verdad y llegan a la conclusión de que dicha creencia es injustificada o incluso falsa. Hume desarrolla un AED con base en la idea de irracionalidad motivada y de la ilusión de control, y un AED basado en la diversidad religiosa, que intentan mostrar que tales mecanismos no son fiables en la generación de la creencia teísta. Sostendré que estos 2 argumentos permiten poner en serios aprietos a los defensores de la racionalidad externalista del teísmo y que, la apelación de Plantinga a los efectos epistémicos del pecado (para justificar el mal funcionamiento del sensus divinitatis y hacer frente a los AED), fracasa por varias razones y porque es posible desarrollar un argumento lógico cancelador en contra de la CCCRR.
The eagle from Rzecz o wolności słowa
Authors: Chlebowski Piotr
Published: February 2021

The article attempts at explaining the motif of the eagle which appears in the final Song XIV in the poem Rzecz o wolności słowa. Previous scholars have unambiguously associated this symbolic vision with the apocalypse and with the figure of St John. The reading of Volney’s Travels through Syria and Egypt, supported by the source description of Palmyra’s ruins from Robert Wood’s The Ruines of Palmyra, otherwise Tedmor, in the Desert (1753), points rather to an archaeological source of Norwid’s imagery – the image of the ruins of the Palmyrene Temple of the Sun (Baal).
ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА В АТОМНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В РАМКАХ МЕЖГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫХ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЙ С УЧАСТИЕМ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Лизикова Марина Сергеевна
Published: February 2021

В статье на основе анализа положений международных договоров, принятых в рамках таких межгосударственных региональных интеграционных объединений, как СНГ, ЕАЭС, БРИКС, ШОС и др. рассмотрены основные направления и формы сотрудничества государств в области использования атомной энергии. Отмечено, что несмотря на то, что в настоящее время наиболее приоритетной формой сотрудничества в атомной отрасли являются двусторонние отношения, более предпочтительным для развития регионального сотрудничества государств в области атомной энергетики является многостороннее сотрудничество. Кроме того, подчеркивается целесообразность усиления координации деятельности по ключевым направлениям сотрудничества в области использования атомной энергии не только в рамках межгосударственных региональных интеграционных объединений, в которых участвует Россия, но и между ними
Rachel de Queiroz e Cecília Meireles em livros didáticos de literatura sob a perspectiva da análise crítica do discurso
Authors: Aquino de Oliveira Alzenira , Cavalcante Mamede de Alme Anna Gabriella , Carielli de Castro Estela
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o discurso sobre Rachel de Queiroz e Cecília Meireles, pertencentes ao período literário moderno, para observar como elas são representadas nos livros didáticos de Ensino Médio. Para embasar a discussão, utilizamos as noções de discurso (FAIRCLOUGH, 2004, 2016) e contexto (VAN DIJK, 2009; FAIRCLOUGH, 2016), relacionando com a Teoria da Representação Social (VAN LEEUWEN, 2008). Assim, foram analisados 3 livros didáticos de Ensino Média a partir das categorias de functionalization e rough polítical allignment. Desse modo, a partir da análise, concluímos que Rachel de Queiroz é apresentada como uma figura ameaçadora e reduzida a sua obra O quinze, enquanto Cecília Meireles é a mulher considerada ideal, ligada ao feminino e ao sensível
Designing and Development of a Tandem Bivalent Nanobody against VEGF165
Authors: Khodabakhsh Farnaz , Salimian Morteza , Ziaee Pardis , Kazemi-Lomedasht Fatemeh , Behdani Mahdi , Ahangari Cohan Reza
Published: February 2021

Background: Inhibition of angiogenesis using monoclonal antibodies is an effective strategy in cancer therapy. However, they could not penetrate sufficiently into solid tumors. Antibody fragments have solved this issue. However, they suffer from short in vivo half-life. In the current study, a tandem bivalent strategy was used to enhance the pharmacokinetic parameters of an anti-VEGF165 nanobody.
Methods: Homology modeling and MD simulation were used to check the stability of protein. The cDNA was cloned into pHEN6C vector and the expression was investigated in WK6 Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells by SDS-PAGE and western blot. After purification, the size distribution of tandem bivalent nanobody was investigated by dynamic light scattering. Moreover, in vitro antiproliferative activity and pharmacokinetic study were studied in HUVECs and Balb/c mice, respectively.
Results: RMSD analysis revealed the tandem bivalent nanobody had good structural stability after 50 ns of simulation. A hinge region of llama IgG2 was used to fuse the domains. The expression was induced by 1 mM IPTG at 25°C for overnight. A 30 kDa band in 12% polyacrylamide gel and nitrocellulose paper has confirmed the expression. The protein was successfully purified using metal affinity chromatography. MTT assay revealed there is no significant difference between the antiproliferative activity of tandem bivalent nanobody and the native protein. The hydrodynamic radius and terminal half-life of tandem bivalent nanobody increased approximately 2-fold by multivalency compared to the native protein.
Conclusion: Our data revealed that the physicochemical as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of tandem bivalent nanobody was significantly improved.
Developmental Toxicity of the Neural Tube Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Mouse Embryos
Authors: Mohamadzadeh Nahid , Zirak Javanmard Masoumeh , Karimipour Mojtaba , Farjah Gholamhosain
Published: February 2021

Background: This study investigated the potential effects of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Tio2NPs) followed by maternal gavage on fetal development and neural tube formation during pregnancy in mice.
Methods: Thirty pregnant mice were randomly divided into five main study groups including the untreated control and 4 experimental groups (n=6 per group). The control group was treated with normal saline and the experimental groups were orally treated with doses of 30, 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg Body Weight (BW) of Tio2NPs during pregnancy. On gestational day 16 and 19 (n=3 per group), pregnant mice were euthanized and then examined for neural tube defects and compared with control. Serial transverse sections were prepared in both cranial region and in lumbar region of spinal cord.
Results: Treatment with Tio2NPs resulted in low fetal weight and short length, dilation of lateral ventricle, thinning of cerebral cortex and spinal cord, spina bifida occulta and an increase in the number of apoptotic neurons in exposed embryos at doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that exposure to nanoparticles of Tio2 during pregnancy induces growth retardation and for the first time, teratogenicity of this nanomaterial in neural tube development and induction of defects such as spinal bifida, reduction in cortical thickness and  dilatation of lateral ventricles were verified which can be related to incidence of apoptosis in central nervous system.
The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Pyocyanin Production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Clinical Specimens
Authors: Najafi Mahboobeh , Nakhaei Moghaddam Mahboobeh , Yousefi Ehsan
Published: February 2021

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen causing a wide range of human infections. The organism is resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of AgNPs on pyocyanin pigment production of P. aeruginosa bacteria isolated from clinical specimens.
Methods: In this study, 15 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from different specimens of hospitalized patients. P. aeruginosa was detected by biochemical and molecular (detection of pbo1 gene by colony PCR method) methods and the MIC and MBC of AgNPs were determined by agar dilution method. Inhibition of P. aeruginosa pyocyanin production at AgNPs concentrations of 0, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/ml of was studied with OD of 520 nm.
Results: The mean MIC and MBC of AgNPs were 1.229 and 1.687 mg/ml, respectively. Pyocyanin production was investigated for all isolates at different concentrations of nanoparticles, and their comparison showed that with increasing nanoparticle concentration, pyocyanin production significantly decreased (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, AgNPs had an inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa and its pigment production and with increasing nanoparticles concentration, pigment production decreased; therefore, it seems that the nanoparticles can be used to treat and prevent diseases caused by P. aeruginosa.
Evaluation of quality of life and mood disorders in caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Okhovat Ali Asghar , Fatehi Farzad , Rafiemehr Melika , Moradi Kamyar , Kiani-Mehr Gilda , Nafissi Shahriar
Published: February 2021

Background: Caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may suffer from anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Our goal was to evaluate the QoL and mood disorders in caregivers and their correlation with the patients' demographic, physical, and mental conditions.
Methods: We analyzed data from 39 patients with ALS and their caregivers. Patients completed questionnaires of anxiety assessed by Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), depression using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and QoL via 40-item Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40). Physical impairment was also measured in the patients using the revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R). Caregivers were also assessed by BDI-II, GAD-7, and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36).
Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety in the patients was 82.1% and 71.8%, respectively. Caregivers also had higher rates of anxiety and depression and lower levels of QoL in comparison with the general population (anxiety: 66.7%, depression: 43.6%). Depression and anxiety were considerably associated with worsened QoL in the caregivers. None of the demographic, physical, or mental characteristics of patients with ALS were related to either mood status or QoL of the caregiver population.
Conclusion: Caregivers experience higher rates of anxiety and depression and lower QoL in comparison with the general population. The severity of mood disorders is inversely associated with the physical and mental domains of caregivers' QoL. Nonetheless, QoL in the caregivers is not affected by the physical or mental disability of the patients.