bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unravelling influenza correlates of protection: lessons from human A/H1N1 Challenge
Authors: Cox Rebecca Jane , Pathirana Rishi
Published: March 2024

Mucosal immunity is important in protecting from upper respiratory tract influenza infection. Human challenge provides a unique model to define correlates of protection with baseline immune responses being correlated to the quantity and length of viral shedding and clinical outcomes. Here, we discuss recent work on mucosal and systemic correlates of protection (R. Bean, L. T. Giurgea, A. Han, L. Czajkowski, et al., mBio 15:e02372-23, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02372-23
) and place it in the context of previous work on mucosal immunity. We also discuss the importance of standardized assays to allow global comparison of relevant immune responses in defining correlates of protection. Correlates of protection are important for designing next-generation broadly protective influenza vaccines.
Draft genome sequence of propane- and butane-oxidizing
Rhodococcus ruber
IEGM 333 able to accumulate cesium
Authors: Ivshina Irena , Kuyukina Maria , Krivoruchko Anastasiia
Published: March 2024

A genome of
Rhodococcus ruber
IEGM 333 was sequenced and annotated. This bacterium had pronounced propane- and
n-
butane-oxidizing and cesium-accumulating activities. The obtained sequence could be used to reveal the genetic mechanisms of these activities and efficiently exploit the biotechnological potential of propanotrophic
Rhodococcus
.
Unveiling the genomic landscape ofSalmonella entericaserotypes Typhimurium, Newport, and Infantis in Latin American surface waters: a comparative analysis
Authors: Chen Zhao , Toro Magaly , Moreno-Switt Andrea I. , Adell Aiko D. , Delgado-Suárez Enrique J. , Bonelli Raquel R. , Oliveira Celso J. B. , Reyes-Jara Angélica , Huang Xinyang , Albee Brett , Grim Christopher J. , Allard Marc , Tallent Sandra M. , Brown Eric W. , Bell Rebecca L. , Meng Jianghong
Published: March 2024

Surface waters are considered ecological habitats whereSalmonella entericacan persist and disseminate to fresh produce production systems. This study aimed to explore the genomic profiles ofS. entericaserotypes Typhimurium, Newport, and Infantis from surface waters in Chile, Mexico, and Brazil collected between 2019 and 2022. We analyzed the whole genomes of 106S. Typhimurium, 161S. Newport, and 113S. Infantis isolates. Our phylogenetic analysis exhibited distinct groupings of isolates by their respective countries except for a notable case involving a ChileanS. Newport isolate closely related to two Mexican isolates, showing 4 and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms of difference, respectively. The patterns of the most frequently detected antimicrobial resistance genes varied across countries and serotypes. A strong correlation existed between integron carriage and genotypic multidrug resistance (MDR) across serotypes in Chile and Mexico (R> 0.90,P< 0.01), while integron(s) were not detected in any of the Brazilian isolates. By contrast, we did not identify any strong correlation between plasmid carriage and genotypic MDR across diverse countries and serotypes.

IMPORTANCE

Unveiling the genomic landscape ofS. entericain Latin American surface waters is pivotal for ensuring public health. This investigation sheds light on the intricate genomic diversity ofS. entericain surface waters across Chile, Mexico, and Brazil. Our research also addresses critical knowledge gaps, pioneering a comprehensive understanding of surface waters as a reservoir for multidrug-resistantS. enterica. By integrating our understanding of integron carriage as biomarkers into broader MDR control strategies, we can also work toward targeted interventions that mitigate the emergence and dissemination of MDR inS. entericain surface waters. Given its potential implications for food safety, this study emphasizes the critical need for informed policies and collaborative initiatives to address the risks associated withS. entericain surface waters.
Haemodynamic compensations for exercise tissue oxygenation in early stages of COPD: an integrated cardiorespiratory assessment study
Authors: Richard Ruddy , Jensen Dennis , Touron Julianne , Frederic Costes , Mulliez Aurélien , Pereira Bruno , Filaire Laura , Marciniuk Darcy , Maltais François , Tan Wan , Bourbeau Jean , Perrault Hélène
Published: March 2024

Background

Cardiovascular comorbidities are increasingly being recognised in early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) yet complete cardiorespiratory functional assessments of individuals with mild COPD or presenting with COPD risk factors are lacking. This paper reports on the effectiveness of the cardiocirculatory-limb muscles oxygen delivery and utilisation axis in smokers exhibiting no, or mild to moderate degrees of airflow obstruction using standardised cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Methods

Post-bronchodilator spirometry was used to classify participants as ‘ever smokers without’ (n=88), with ‘mild’ (n=63) or ‘mild-moderate’ COPD (n=56). All underwent CPET with continuous concurrent monitoring of oxygen uptake (V’O2) and of bioimpedance cardiac output (Qc) enabling computation of arteriovenous differences (a-vO2). Mean values of Qc and a-vO2were mapped across set ranges of V’O2and Qc isolines to allow for meaningful group comparisons, at same metabolic and circulatory requirements.

Results

Peak exercise capacity was significantly reduced in the ‘mild-moderate COPD’ as compared with the two other groups who showed similar pulmonary function and exercise capacity. Self-reported cardiovascular and skeletal muscle comorbidities were not different between groups, yet disease impact and exercise intolerance scores were three times higher in the ‘mild-moderate COPD’ compared with the other groups. Mapping of exercise Qc and a-vO2also showed a leftward shift of values in this group, indicative of a deficit in peripheral O2extraction even for submaximal exercise demands. Concurrent with lung hyperinflation, a distinctive blunting of exercise stroke volume expansion was also observed in this group.

Conclusion

Contrary to the traditional view that cardiovascular complications were the hallmark of advanced disease, this study of early COPD spectrum showed a reduced exercise O2delivery and utilisation in individuals meeting spirometry criteria for stage II COPD. These findings reinforce the preventive clinical management approach to preserve peripheral muscle circulatory and oxidative capacities.
Subcellular localisation of truncated MAGEL2 proteins: insight into the molecular pathology of Schaaf-Yang syndrome
Authors: Centeno-Pla Mónica , Alcaide-Consuegra Estefanía , Gibson Sophie , Prat-Planas Aina , Gutiérrez-Ávila Juan Diego , Grinberg Daniel , Urreizti Roser , Rabionet Raquel , Balcells Susanna
Published: March 2024

Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) is an ultra-rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by truncating mutations inMAGEL2. Heterologous expression of wild-type (WT) or a truncated (p.Gln638*) C-terminal HA-tagged MAGEL2 revealed a shift from a primarily cytoplasmic to a more nuclear localisation for the truncated protein variant. We now extend this analysis to six additional SYS mutations on a N-terminal FLAG-tagged MAGEL2. Our results replicate and extend our previous findings, showing that all the truncated MAGEL2 proteins consistently display a predominant nuclear localisation, irrespective of the C-terminal or N-terminal position and the chemistry of the tag. The variants associated with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita display a more pronounced nuclear retention phenotype, suggesting a correlation between clinical severity and the degree of nuclear mislocalisation. These results point to a neomorphic effect of truncated MAGEL2, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of SYS.
T cell activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR indicative of non-seroconversion in anti-CD20-treated patients with multiple sclerosis following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Verstegen Niels J M , Hagen Ruth R , Kreher Christine , Kuijper Lisan H , Dijssel Jet van den , Ashhurst Thomas , Kummer Laura Y L , Palomares Cabeza Virginia , Steenhuis Maurice , Duurland Mariël C , Jongh Rivka de , Schoot C Ellen van der , Konijn Veronique A L , Mul Erik , Kedzierska Katherine , van Dam Koos P J , Stalman Eileen W , Boekel Laura , Wolbink Gertjan , Tas Sander W , Killestein Joep , Rispens Theo , Wieske Luuk , Kuijpers Taco W , Eftimov Filip , van Kempen Zoé L E , van Ham S Marieke , ten Brinke Anja , van de Sandt Carolien E
Published: March 2024

Background

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines provide robust protection against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy individuals. However, immunity after vaccination of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with ocrelizumab (OCR), a B cell-depleting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is not yet fully understood.

Methods

In this study, deep immune profiling techniques were employed to investigate the immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in untreated patients with MS (n=21), OCR-treated patients with MS (n=57) and healthy individuals (n=30).

Results

Among OCR-treated patients with MS, 63% did not produce detectable levels of antibodies (non-seroconverted), and those who did have lower spike receptor-binding domain-specific IgG responses compared with healthy individuals and untreated patients with MS. Before vaccination, no discernible immunological differences were observed between non-seroconverted and seroconverted OCR-treated patients with MS. However, non-seroconverted patients received overall more OCR infusions, had shorter intervals since their last OCR infusion and displayed higher OCR serum concentrations at the time of their initial vaccination. Following two vaccinations, non-seroconverted patients displayed smaller B cell compartments but instead exhibited more robust activation of general CD4+and CD8+T cell compartments, as indicated by upregulation of CD38 and HLA-DR surface expression, when compared with seroconverted patients.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the importance of optimising treatment regimens when scheduling SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for OCR-treated patients with MS to maximise their humoral and cellular immune responses. This study provides valuable insights for optimising vaccination strategies in OCR-treated patients with MS, including the identification of CD38 and HLA-DR as potential markers to explore vaccine efficacy in non-seroconverting OCR-treated patients with MS.
Encoding material female bodies through cosmetic surgeries: a study of cultural economy and the biometric dynamics of Indian Hindi film stars
Authors: Gupta Chakshu , Malhotra Isha
Published: March 2024

The emergence of new body technologies has led to the deconstruction of a cosmetically enhanced celebrity body into a bioinformational data-self, which becomes a surveilled subject quantified through biometric proximity. Evidently, the bodies of Indian Hindi film actresses evolve into material sites for the discursive encoding, bioinformational performativity and transference of disciplining hegemonic beauty ideals. In this age of information, the celebrity capital and postdigital positionality of celebrity bodies grant their bioinformational spectacular performance with a potential biologising affect for the further corporealisation of popular body aesthetics. Drawing on the maxims of new materialisms and neoliberal subjectivities, the article seeks to decipher the entanglement between the cultural economy of Indian Hindi film stars, their enhanced biometric dynamics and biologising spectacular performativity. Indian Hindi film industry, media, tabloids, magazines, celebrity culture and aesthetic clinics situate Indian Hindi film actresses under vigilant surveillance and simulcast their cosmetic consumption and technologically enhanced bodies across the visual-online attention economy. The present study, therefore exposes the enhanced bodies and biometric dynamics of Indian Hindi film actresses as the human and non-human agentic forms of industrialised cosmetic culture and neoliberal bioconsumerism.
Military service and health-related quality of life among gay and bisexual prostate cancer survivors: Results from theRestore-2study
Authors: Bates Alex J. , Mitteldorf D , Rosser B R S , Wheldon C W , Polter E J , Ross M W , Talley K M C , Haggart R , Wright M M , West W , Konety B R
Published: March 2024

Introduction

There are notable disparities in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between gay and bisexual men (GBM) and heterosexual patients with prostate cancer (PCa); however, the role of past military service is unclear. This study examines HRQOL differences in GBM PCa survivors based on reported military service history.

Methods

We used data from the 24-month follow-up survey of theRestore-2study, a clinical trial which evaluated a rehabilitation programme for GBM PCa survivors. PCa HRQOL was assessed using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-50) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Prostate (FACT-P). Mental health quality of life was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) scale, while sexual functioning was measured using the Sexual Minorities and Prostate Cancer Scale (SMACS). Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted mean differences in HRQOL between GBM with and without a reported history of military service.

Results

In this cross-sectional study of 351 GBM PCa survivors, 47 (13.4%) reported a history of US military service. After adjusting for covariates, participants who reported a history of military service (compared with those with no military service) had clinically better scores on the FACT-P physical, social and emotional well-being domains, as well as higher total FACT-General, EPIC urinary bother and hormonal function scores. Additionally, men with a history of military service reported significantly fewer sexual problems, more sexual confidence and less urinary incontinence in sex.

Conclusion

This exploratory study provides the first evidence that GBM PCa survivors with a military background may have clinically better outcomes than those without military service. Potential reasons may include the structured support and healthcare access associated with military service, fostering resilience and well-being. These findings underscore the need for further research to elucidate how military service influences PCa HRQOL.
Prediction of the hydraulic conductivity function for unsaturated soils over the entire suction range
Authors: Li Yan , Hou Xiaokun , Li Tonglu , Vanapalli Sai K. , Li Ping
Published: March 2024

The hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) refers to in this paper is the variation of hydraulic conductivity over the entire suction range from 0 to 106 kPa. Most of the available HCF models in the literature are derived based on capillary theory and have limitations in the explanation of HCF in the high suction range. Recently, several models have been proposed for accounting for the thin film flow dominated by the adsorbed water in the high suction range. However, these models require measured HCF data for describing the thin film flow, which is time-consuming. In this study, a mathematically continuous and simple model is proposed for predicting the HCF. The model has physically meaningful parameters for predicting the HCF. In this model, the residual suction estimated from the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) is used to distinguish the capillary and adsorption-dominated regions, and a correction operator that considers the thin film flow is introduced. The performance of the model was validated using the measured and published experimental data for various soils. In addition, the proposed model is successfully applied in a numerical investigation of the hydraulic behavior of a capillary barrier system, highlighting the role of the thin film flow.
Low temperature and excess moisture affect seed germination of soybean (Glycine max L.) under controlled environments
Authors: Suo Rongzhen , Kulbir Sandhu , You Frank , Conner Robert , Cober Elroy , Wang Mingjiu , Hou Anfu
Published: March 2024

Cold and excess moisture pose a serious threat to soybean production especially during seed germination in short-season environments. In this study, the effects of low temperature and excess moisture stress on seed germination were investigated in 187 soybean accessions originating from 18 countries. The experiment used a combination of three temperature conditions (i.e., 20 °C/14 °C, 14 °C/10 °C, and 10 °C/10 °C day/night) and two moisture levels (i.e., normal and excess). The seed germinability traits measured included germination rate (GR), germination index, germination time, germination uniformity, and coefficient of velocity of germination. Overall, GR was lowest in the 20 °C/14 °C + excess moisture and germination time was longest in the 10 °C/10 °C + excess moisture. When compared with 20 °C/14 °C + normal moisture treatment, GR at 10 °C/10 °C + excess moisture decreased by 38%; germination time increased by 20 days; seed viability decreased by 83%; germination uniformity decreased by 70%; germination speed decreased by 73%. Differences in GR, germination index, and germination velocity under different treatments were affected by temperature, moisture, and their interaction. Variation in germination time uniformity was determined by temperature, with no significant effects of moisture conditions and the interaction of temperature and moisture. It was shown that the temperature–excess moisture interaction led to a sharp decrease in seed germination. Two genotypes including PI 603147 and PI 507702 were identified with a GR over 90% at 10 °C/10 °C + excess moisture. This study generated new knowledge and data to further the understanding of genetic resistance to cold and excess moisture stress in soybean.
Massive scalar field perturbations of black holes surrounded by dark matter
Authors: Bécar Ramón , González P. A. , Papantonopoulos Eleftherios , Vásquez Yerko
Published: March 2024

We consider scalar field perturbations in the background of black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). We find, by using the sixth-order Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation, that the longest-lived modes are those with a higher angular number for a scalar field mass smaller than a critical value, known as the anomalous decay rate of the quasinormal modes, while beyond this critical value the opposite behavior is observed. Moreover, we show that it is possible to recover the real part of the quasinormal frequencies (QNFs), the imaginary part of the QNFs, and the critical scalar field mass of the Schwarzschild background for different values of the PFDM intensity parameter k. For values of k smaller than these values, the abovementioned quantities are greater than the Schwarzschild background. However, beyond these values of k, these quantities are smaller than the Schwarzschild background.
From each of Feynman’s and von Neumann’s postulates to the restricted Feynman path integrals: A mathematical theory of temporally continuous quantum measurements
Authors: Ichinose Wataru
Published: March 2024

Feynman proposed a postulate or a method of quantization in his celebrated paper in 1948. Applying Feynman’s postulate to temporally continuous quantum measurements of the positions of particles, Mensky proposed the restricted Feynman path integrals (RFPIs) for continuous quantum measurements after phenomenological considerations. Our aim in this paper is to give a rigorous proof that Mensky’s RFPIs emerge out of Feynman’s postulate under a simple approximation. In addition, it is proved that the RFPIs emerge out of von Neumann’s postulate on instantaneous measurements as well as Feynman’s postulate. The quantum systems that we study include spin systems. These results are applied to formulations of the multi-split experiments, the quantum Zeno and the Aharonov–Bohm effects.
Some closer estimations for Tsallis relative operator entropy
Authors: Nikoufar Ismail , Arpatapeh Mehdi Kanani
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we find some new and refined bounds for the Tsallis relative operator entropy. We give the lower and upper bounds for the Tsallis relative operator entropy such that the lower bound is an ascending sequence that ascends to the Tsallis relative operator entropy and the upper bound is a descending sequence that descends to the Tsallis relative operator entropy. Moreover, we present some new and refined bounds for the relative operator entropy and the generalized relative operator entropy.
Regular and rigid curves on some Calabi–Yau and general-type complete intersections
Authors: Ran Ziv
Published: March 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be either a general hypersurface of degree [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] or a general [Formula: see text] complete intersection in [Formula: see text]. We construct balanced rational curves on [Formula: see text] of all high enough degrees. If [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], we construct rigid curves of genus [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] of all high enough degrees. As an application we construct some rigid bundles on Calabi–Yau threefolds. In addition, we construct some low-degree balanced rational curves on hypersurfaces of degree [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text].
The impact of the marginal utility behavior on single-layer networks with limited contact
Authors: Ju Xiangyu , Liu Siyuan , Zhu Xuzhen
Published: March 2024

The information propagation on the social network has been an important research topic, with a focus on the significant influence of individual behaviors. The marginal utility behavior can affect the process of information propagation. But most previous research ignore it. Besides, the process can also be influenced by limited-contact capacity, which increase the complexity of networks. In this paper, the marginal utility behavior model on the single-layer network with limited-contact capacity is proposed first. Then the edge-based compartmental (EBC) method is used to explore the novel information propagation mechanism. Through experiments, it was found that when individuals show an increasing marginal utility behavior, with the propagation probability increasing, the final spreading scope shows a discontinuous increase pattern by weakening behavior. However, the final spreading scope shows no outbreak by strengthening behavior. In contrast, when individuals show a diminishing marginal utility behavior, with the propagation probability increasing, the final spreading scope shows a continuous increase pattern by strengthening. Nevertheless, the final spreading scope shows a discontinuous increasing by weakening. What’s more, the limited-contact capacity and the degree distribution heterogeneity can also change the information propagation pattern. Besides, the experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical results.
EMOTION EXPRESSION AND INDIRECT RECIPROCITY
Authors: XU HUI , HOUSER DANIEL
Published: March 2024

This study explores how emotion expression (EE) can help promote positive indirect reciprocity while also breaking chains of negative indirect reciprocity. We report data from a two-stage dictator game and compare the decisions subjects make towards a third party both with and without the chance to express emotion. Standard economic models suggest opportunities to express emotion should have no impact on behavior. In sharp contrast to these predictions, we find that subjects who are treated unkindly behave more generously towards others in subsequent interactions if they have the opportunity to convey their emotions to a third party. Our findings have important welfare implications. In particular, they suggest that opportunities to express emotion can break negative reciprocity chains and promote generosity and social well-being even among those who have not themselves been previously well-treated. We argue that reference-dependent valuations can help to explain our results.
Ternary nanofluids due to moving wedge with strong magnetic field and convective condition
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Rani M. Sangeetha , Wakif Abderrahim
Published: March 2024

The control of temperature distribution and management of heat energy are key problems in an industry. In this study, free convective flow with ternary nanoparticles (Cu, Ag, MgO) was equipped to analyze the impact on magnetic field and thermal radiation through a moving wedge surface. This volumetric concentration by Cu, Ag and MgO nanoparticles is selected by the most 4% to prevent the instability on the nanofluid. A set of applicable modifications was expressed as a change in the nonlinear partial differential equations and the nonlinear ordinary differential equations and it was undertaken mathematically for applying bvp4c on MATLAB package. These outcomes on ternary nanoparticles (Cu–Ag–MgO/blood), and hybrid nanoparticles (Cu–Ag/blood) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles had again correlated. The outcomes display that connecting Cu, Ag and MgO nanofluid raises the drug friction to 3.9% than the hybrid nanofluid. Also, the combination of Cu and Ag nanofluid increases skin friction by 19.58% than Cu nanofluid. This analysis was particularly useful in drug transportation and biomedical study.
Irreversibility analysis for the EMHD flow of silver and magnesium oxide hybrid nanofluid due to nonlinear thermal radiation
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Mary Victoria E. , Wakif Abderrahim
Published: March 2024

Hybrid nanofluids were expressed by heat-transfer fluids into greater surface dispersion capabilities, stability and diffusion related for traditional nanofluids. The effort on the flow of volumetric entropy generation and convective heat transport of MHD hybrid nanofluid is considered. Hybrid nanofluid involves the field over the orderly stretchable surface for variable heat flux with the resistance of electric field. Effect on convective heating and nonlinear thermal radiation is again contained in the interpreted figure. Mathematical equations such as momentum, energy, conservation of mass and entropy were collected as conversion to governing partial differential equations by ordinary differential equations, utilizing similarity variables. An efficient finite element method (FEM) is used. Numerical calculations were accomplished for silver–magnesium oxide water (Ag-MgO/H2O) hybrid nanofluid and conventional silver water (Ag-H2O) nanofluid. The graphs were created by the temperature, velocity, and entropy profiles. to analyse the impact on governing parameters. These skin friction and heat transfer rates are analysed through regression analysis. The important allegation expressed by the hybrid Nanofluid has the best heat transfer rate, which is related to convectional nanofluid. Further, It raised the Brinkman number and Reynolds number and developed a total entropy of the structure.
A Novel Bootstrapped CMOS Switch with Minimized Sampling and Holding Error Using Sampling Window Error Analysis
Authors: Sharma Buddhi Prakash , Mysakshi Chandu , Kumar Shivam , Gupta Anu , Shekhar Chandra
Published: March 2024

This study proposes a novel 6-transistor bootstrapped switch with minimized sampling and holding error obtained through sampling window error analysis for SAR ADC design. The proposed switch design strategically mitigates channel charge injection and minimizes the input signal dependency of on-resistance by optimizing its sizing parameters. To counteract channel charge effects, dummy NMOS and PMOS components are judiciously employed, culminating in a substantial improvement in the effective number of bits (ENOB). The complete analysis of the proposed circuit is done using the Cadence Virtuoso SCL 0.18 [Formula: see text]m CMOS process. For a 51.514 kHz sinusoidal 1 V peak-to-peak differential input signal with a 1 MSPs clock speed, the proposed circuit achieves 2.0141 mV maximum sampling window error, 0.131 [Formula: see text]W power consumption, 84.67 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 84.67 signal-to-noise and distortion (SINAD) ratio and 86.02 dB spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR), which produces 13.77 bits ENOB. For the impacts of process variations and mismatch on switch performance, a comprehensive 500-point Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of the proposed bootstrap switch is conducted in this study. Post-layout results show that the proposed circuit is suitable for IoT applications.
The Evolution Mechanism of Correctness for Cyber-Physical System
Authors: Ma Yanfang , Chen Liang
Published: March 2024

Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) are widely used in all areas of life. Ensuring the correctness of CPS remains an enduring challenge during its development and design phases. One approach to ascertain the correctness of CPS is behavior equivalence based on bisimulation. However, whether the implementation development process develops in the right direction has an important impact on obtaining the correct system implementation. Especially, the development process of complex CPS often yields a multitude of implementation versions, the correlation among these versions partly signifies the correctness of the development process. This paper formalizes the relationship between the implementation versions and establishes a formal description of the development process progressing in the correct direction, leveraging the concept of a “limit idea.” Initially, we introduce the concept of “limit bisimulation” for CPS systems to delineate implementations acquired during the CPS development process. Specific limit bisimulations are demonstrated to represent distinct scenarios within the development process. Subsequently, the convergence mechanism of implementations is modeled through bisimulation limits, encapsulating the CPS’s specification as the ultimate goal of obtained implementations during the development process. Finally, the congruence property of the bisimulation limit is proved, which accounts for the relation between specification and implementation versions can be decomposed into a refinement hierarchy. The limit theorem of bisimulation in CPS can help the designer and developer of CPS to comprehend the development course better.
FRACTAL ANALYSIS FOR PERMEABILITY OF MULTIPLE SHALE GAS TRANSPORT MECHANISMS IN ROUGHENED TREE-LIKE NETWORKS
Authors: ZHANG YIDAN , XIAO BOQI , WANG YANBIN , ZHANG GUOYING , WANG YI , HU HAORAN , LONG GONGBO
Published: March 2024

In this work, a new gas transport model for shale reservoirs is constructed by embedding randomly distributed roughened tree-like bifurcation networks into the matrix porous medium. We constructed apparent permeability models for different shale gas flow mechanisms based on fractal theory, taking into account the effects of relative roughness and surface diffusion. The effects of bifurcation structure parameters as well as shale gas parameters on different apparent permeabilities are systematically analyzed. It is found that the permeability generally shows a decreasing trend with the increase in pore pressure, but the effect on viscous flow is inconsiderable. In addition, larger porosity, fractal dimension and bifurcation levels lead to increased permeability of different mechanisms. Whereas, the increase in the bifurcation levels implies a greater flow resistance, resulting in a decreased permeability. In addition, The relative roughness hinders the development of total permeability but favors surface diffusion permeability. Moreover, larger length ratios and diameter ratios are beneficial to the shale gas flow.
A NOVEL TRANSFORMER METHOD PRETRAINED WITH MASKED AUTOENCODERS AND FRACTAL DIMENSION FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY CLASSIFICATION
Authors: YANG YAOMING , ZHA ZHAO , ZHOU CHENNAN , ZHANG LIDA , QIU SHUXIA , XU PENG
Published: March 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in a significant portion of the working population, and its damage on vision is irreversible. Therefore, rapid diagnosis on DR is crucial for saving the patient’s eyesight. Since Transformer shows superior performance in the field of computer vision compared with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), it has been proposed and applied in computer aided diagnosis of DR. However, a large number of images should be used for training due to the lack of inductive bias in Transformers. It has been demonstrated that the retinal vessels follow self-similar fractal scaling law, and the fractal dimension of DR patients shows an evident difference from that of normal people. Based on this, the fractal dimension is introduced as a prior into Transformers to mitigate the adverse influence of lack of inductive bias on model performance. A new Transformer method pretrained with Masked Autoencoders and fractal dimension (MAEFD) is developed and proposed in this paper. The experiments on the APTOS dataset show that the classification performance for DR by the proposed MAEFD can be substantially improved. Additionally, the present model pretrained with 100,000 retinal images outperforms that pretrained with 1 million natural images in terms of DR classification performance.
EFFICACY OF YWTL EXERCISES ON POSTURE IN MOTOR AND COGNITIVE DUAL TASK DURING SMARTPHONE USE
Authors: Kaushik Muskan , Singh Varun , Punia Sonu , Boora Mamta
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Long-term physical contact while using a smartphone causes poor posture which leads to musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of YWTL exercises on posture in motor and cognitive dual tasks during smartphone use.

Methodology: Based on eligibility criteria for recruitment, 118 subjects were chosen. After being informed about the study, participants were allocated into two groups: Group A (the control group) and Group B (the experimental group). 59 individuals were allocated to each group. Before the initiation of interventions, each participant’s personal information, including age, height, weight, BMI, occupation, and screen time, was collected. Primary outcome measures CVA, CHA, and SSP were evaluated at the start of the intervention and three weeks later after the intervention.

Results: The result of the study revealed that both groups’ interventions effectively improved forward head posture affected by prolonged use of smartphones. All outcome measures showed a statistically significant improvement after 3 weeks. However, on comparison between both groups, the YWTL exercises group had a more clinically significant reduction in outcomes.

Conclusion: The study’s findings indicated that the application of 3 weeks of YWTL exercises combined with neck isometrics is an effective method to reduce the cranio-horizontal angle, craniovertebral angle, and sagittal shoulder angle consequently resulting in a reduction of forward head posture.
Gas-Spring Quasi-Zero Stiffness Air Damping Isolator for Vertical Vibration Control of Indoor Substation Excited by Metro Loads
Authors: Rong Kunjie , Cheng Zhengquan , Tian Li , Zhang Yu , Liu Yong , Wu Siyuan
Published: March 2024

To mitigate the metro-induced vertical vibration of the indoor substation structure, this study proposes a gas-spring quasi-zero stiffness air damping isolator (AD-QZSI) with excellent low dynamic stiffness and high-static stiffness characteristics. The working principle and mechanical properties of the AD-QZSI are introduced and studied through theoretical and numerical methods. A model for substation considering soil–structure–equipment interaction is established using the software ABAQUS, its accuracy is validated based on a series of measured data from actual projects, and the AD-QZSI’s simulation method and parameter design method are described in detail. The air damper’s stiffness [Formula: see text] is integrated into the isolator’s mechanical model, theoretically and numerically achieving an accurate simulation of AD-QZSI’s nonlinear mechanical properties. The numerical results have an error of less than 5% with the measured data, indicating that the model is able to better capture the actual structure’s dynamic characteristics and is reasonable to be employed for subsequent analysis. Numerical results show that AD-QZSI can significantly reduce the structural vertical vibration, and its control effect is better in the whole frequency band, in particular, the effect is also visible in the low-frequency band, indicating that its vibration isolation frequency band is wider than that of traditional QZS isolator. With the vibration source distance increasing, the control effect of AD-QZSI presents a tendency to decrease and then level off, and its vibration isolation gain is weakened by the continuous increase of the damping ratio greater than 0.01. Moreover, the equipment’s dynamic amplification factor of the isolated structure decreases significantly. Finally, the proposed AD-QZSI can obtain ideal quasi-zero stiffness characteristics by adjusting the air pressure, and the adopted air damper belongs to the green low-carbon components, featuring great practical value and application prospects.
A Novel Mayfly Algorithm with Response Surface for Static Damage Identification Based on Multiple Indicators
Authors: Wu Zhifeng , Song Yanpeng , Chen Hui , Huang Bin , Fan Jian
Published: March 2024

This paper proposes a novel structural damage identification approach coupling the Mayfly algorithm (MA) with static displacement-based response surface (RS). Firstly, a hybrid optimal objective function is established that simultaneously considers the sensitivity-based residual errors of static damage identification equation and the static displacement residual. In the objective function, the static damage identification equation is addressed by the Tikhonov regularization technique. The MA is subsequently employed to conduct an optimal search and pinpoint the location and intensity of damages at the structural element level. To handle the inconformity of the static loading points and the measurement points of displacements, the model reduction and displacement extension techniques are implemented to reconstruct the static damage identification equation. Meanwhile, the static displacement-based RS is constructed to calculate the displacement residual in the hybrid objective function, thereby circumventing the time-consuming finite element calculations and improving computational efficiency. The identification results of the numerical box girder bridge demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, Jaya and whale optimization algorithms about both convergence rate in optimal searching and identification accuracy. The proposed method enables more accurate damage identification compared to methods solely based on the indicator of the residual of static damage identification equations or displacement residual. The results of identifying damage in the 21 element-truss structure and the static experiments on identifying damage in an aluminum alloy cantilever beam confirm the high efficiency of the proposed approach.
Some classifications of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras over Ha:y of Kashina
Authors: Zheng Yiwei , Yu Xiaolan
Published: March 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be the [Formula: see text]-dimensional nontrivial semisimple Hopf algebra [Formula: see text] appeared in Kashina’s work [Classification of semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension 16, J. Algebra 232(2) (2000) 617–663]. We obtain all simple Yetter–Drinfeld modules over [Formula: see text] and then determine all finite-dimensional Nichols algebras satisfying [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], each [Formula: see text] is a simple object in [Formula: see text]. Moreover, for Nichols algebras satisfying [Formula: see text], we list some infinite dimensional Nichols algebras [Formula: see text] and obtain finite dimensional Nichols algebras of diagonal type that are either super type or [Formula: see text]. Finally, we describe some liftings of those [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text].
A note on Zhu’s construction of Hopf brace from Radford biproducts
Authors: Ma Tianshui , Song Feiyan , Zheng Huihui
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a new construction of Hopf brace from Radford biproducts is investigated, which is essentially different from the construction in [Linear Multilinear Algebra 70 (2022) 3171–3188].
DROPLET MOTION ON HYDROPHOBIC AND HYDROPHILIC SURFACES USING LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD WITH BLOOD TEST MICROPAD APPLICATION
Authors: RAD EBRAHIM GOSHTASBI , AFKHAMI MOHSEN
Published: March 2024

Laboratory sciences and disease diagnostics need accelerated medical tests, ease of testing for patients, and lower diagnostic costs. In this respect, one of the most innovative methods is paper-based microfluidic analysis tools, called micro-PAD. Since the chemical-based micro-PADs need sufficient blood to show an accurate blood test, the shape of the micro-PADs, the blood quantity, and the droplet flow to reach the end of the microchannels are important. Therefore, this research showed the liquid droplet motion on a heterogeneous (hydrophobic and hydrophilic) surface using the lattice Boltzmann method, and two star-shaped micro-PADs were modeled to investigate the effect of the droplet size and the droplet deflection from the center of the micro-PAD on liquid flow in microchannels. Based on the obtained results, fluid behavior was similar in two patterns (ten-pointed pattern and four-pointed pattern). This study compared the effects of parallel, convergent, and divergent channels in a four-pointed pattern on fluid velocity. The off-center error of the droplet was considered at the initial moment. The obtained results confirmed the direct relationship between the increased deviation of the center and the lack of uniformity in the fluid penetration. The present simulation results were validated against the laboratory data.
ANALYSIS OF CAUSES AND POSTOPERATIVE RECOVERY OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY CAUSED BY AEROBICS IN KNEE JOINTS
Authors: BU CHANG , LIU YANGYANG
Published: March 2024

Background: During the process of aerobic exercise, there are a lot of jumping and split movements, which can easily cause anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the knee joint. After undergoing ACL reconstruction (ACLR) surgery, postoperative recovery is crucial. Currently, many methods have been applied, but research on water exercise is still limited. Purpose: This paper aims to understand the role of water exercise in the recovery of athletic ability after ACLR and provide guidance for athletes’ postoperative rehabilitation. Methods: Forty athletes with ACL injuries caused by aerobics practice or competition and undergoing surgery were randomly assigned to either group A or group B. The former received six weeks of a conventional postoperative recovery program, and the latter received six weeks of a water exercise postoperative recovery program. Knee joint range of motion (ROM), swelling value, visual analog scale (VAS) score, knee joint function score, and passive angle reproduction (PAR) were measured before and after the experiment. Results: After six weeks of recovery, the knee ROM was [Formula: see text], the swelling value was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm, the VAS score was [Formula: see text], the Lysholm score was [Formula: see text], and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was [Formula: see text] in group B, which were significantly lower than those before recovery and those in group A ([Formula: see text]). After recovery, the PAR of the affected side was still different from that of the healthy side in the two groups ([Formula: see text]), but the PAR of group B was better than that of group A ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: Compared to the conventional program, the water exercise-based postoperative recovery program demonstrates better performance in improving knee joint ROM, functionality, and proprioception, and can be used for practical post-ACLR rehabilitation.
Global Gevrey-2 solutions of the 3D axially symmetric Prandtl equations
Authors: Pan Xinghong , Xu Chao-Jiang
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we prove the global existence of small Gevrey-2 solutions to the 3D axially symmetric Prandtl equations. The index 2 is the optimal index for well-posedness result in smooth Gevrey function spaces for data without monotonic assumptions. The novelty of our paper lies in two aspects: one is the tangentially weighted energy construction to match the [Formula: see text] weight in the incompressibility and the other is introducing of the new linearly good unknowns to obtain the fast decay of the lower order Gevrey-2 norms of the solutions and auxiliary functions.
Binary Darboux transformation of vector nonlocal reverse-space nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Ma Wen-Xiu , Huang Yehui , Wang Fudong , Zhang Yong , Ding Liyuan
Published: March 2024

For vector nonlocal reverse-space nonlinear Schrödinger equations, a binary Darboux transformation is formulated by using two sets of eigenfunctions and adjoint eigenfunctions. The resulting binary Darboux transformation has been decomposed into an [Formula: see text]-fold product of single binary Darboux transformations. An application starting from zero seed potentials generates a class of soliton solutions.
Gravitational lensing in a spacetime with cosmic string within the Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld gravity
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin
Published: March 2024

This study explores the deflection angle of photon rays or light-like geodesics within the framework of Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld (EiBI) gravity background space-time, taking into account the influence of cosmic strings. The primary focus lies in deriving the effective potential of the system applicable to both null and time-like geodesics, as well as determining the angle of deflection for light-like geodesics. Our analysis shows that the presence of cosmic strings induces modifications in these physical quantities, leading to shifts in their respective values.
Nitrogen and Chlorine Co-Doped Carbon Dots with Yellow-Green Emission as a Ratiometric Fluorescent and Colorimetric Dual-Signal Probe for Quercetin Detection and Cell Imaging
Authors: Liu Fang , Zhu Changjian , Wang Xin , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2024

Despite the emergence of numerous carbon dots (CDs)-based sensors, most of them are fluorescent probes. To improve the reliability of the results, using ratiometric fluorescence/UV-vis absorption dual-signal probes is an effective method. Herein, nitrogen and chlorine co-doped carbon dots (N, Cl-CDs) with yellow-green fluorescence were prepared and used as a dual-function probe for ratiometric fluorescence/UV-vis. The detection range of the fluorescence method was 0.05–78[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.2[Formula: see text]nM (3[Formula: see text]/s). For the colorimetric method, the linear range was 0.05–186[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M with LOD of 10.7[Formula: see text]nM. Importantly, the N, Cl-CDs were successfully used to detect Quercetin (QT) in actual water samples. Besides, due to their good biocompatibility, the N, Cl-CDs were applied to in vivo biological imaging of oocysts and shown the potential for environmental survey and biological assay.