bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Attributes of Endocannabinoid System against Neuro-Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiaq , Rehman Saif Ur , Shahmohamadnejad Shiva , Zia Muhammad Anjum , Ahmad Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad Muzammal , Akram Zain , Iqbal Hafiz M. N. , Liu Qingyou
Published: June 2021

In humans, various sites like cannabinoid receptors (CBR) having a binding affinity with cannabinoids are distributed on the surface of different cell types, where endocannabinoids (ECs) and derivatives of fatty acid can bind. The binding of these substance(s) triggers the activation of specific receptors required for various physiological functions, including pain sensation, memory, and appetite. The ECs and CBR perform multiple functions via the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1); cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), having a key effect in restraining neurotransmitters and the arrangement of cytokines. The role of cannabinoids in the immune system is illustrated because of their immunosuppressive characteristics. These characteristics include inhibition of leucocyte proliferation, T cells apoptosis, and induction of macrophages along with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The review seeks to discuss the functional relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and anti-tumor characteristics of cannabinoids in various cancers. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer—both in vivo and in vitro clinical trials—has also been highlighted and reported to be effective in mice models in arthritis for the inflammation reduction, neuropathic pain, positive effect in multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes mellitus, and found beneficial for treating in various cancers. In human models, such studies are limited; thereby, further research is indispensable in this field to get a conclusive outcome. Therefore, in autoimmune disorders, therapeutic cannabinoids can serve as promising immunosuppressive and anti-fibrotic agents.
Influence of Substitutional Defects in ZIF-8 Membranes on Reverse Osmosis Desalination: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Hong Terence Zhi Xiang , You Liming , Dahanayaka Madhavi , Law Adrian Wing-Keung , Zhou Kun
Published: June 2021

In this study, molecular dynamics simulation is used to investigate the effects of water-based substitutional defects in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF)-8 membranes on their reverse osmosis (RO) desalination performance. ZIF-8 unit cells containing up to three defect sites are used to construct the membranes. These substitutional defects can either be Zn defects or linker defects. The RO desalination performance of the membranes is assessed in terms of the water flux and ion rejection rate. The effects of defects on the interactions between the ZIF-8 membranes and NaCl are investigated and explained with respect to the radial distribution function (RDF) and ion density distribution. The results show that ion adsorption on the membranes occurs at either the nitrogen atoms or the defect sites. Complete NaCl rejection can be achieved by introducing defects to change the size of the pores. It has also been discovered that the presence of linker defects increases membrane hydrophilicity. Overall, molecular dynamics simulations have been used in this study to show that water-based substitutional defects in a ZIF-8 structure reduce the water flux and influence its hydrophilicity and ion adsorption performance, which is useful in predicting the type and number of defect sites per unit cell required for RO applications. Of the seven ZIF-8 structures tested, pristine ZIF-8 exhibits the best RO desalination performance.
Zn(II) Heteroleptic Halide Complexes with 2-Halopyridines: Features of Halogen Bonding in Solid State
Authors: Vershinin Mikhail A. , Rakhmanova Marianna I. , Novikov Alexander S. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Adonin Sergey A.
Published: June 2021

Reactions between Zn(II) dihalides and 2-halogen-substituted pyridines 2-XPy result in a series of heteroleptic molecular complexes [(2-XPy)2ZnY2] (Y = Cl, X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3); Y = Br, X = Cl (4), Br (5), I (6), Y = I, X = Cl (7), Br (8), and I (9)). Moreover, 1–7 are isostructural (triclinic), while 8 and 9 are monoclinic. In all cases, halogen bonding plays an important role in formation of crystal packing. Moreover, 1–9 demonstrate luminescence in asolid state; for the best emitting complexes, quantum yield (QY) exceeds 21%.
Antioxidant Fusion Protein SOD1-Tat Increases the Engraftment Efficiency of Total Bone Marrow Cells in Irradiated Mice
Authors: Bei Ting , Cao Xusong , Liu Yun , Li Jinmei , Luo Haihua , Huang Lin , Tian Tian , Li Lei , Jiang Yong
Published: June 2021

Total body irradiation is a standard procedure of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) which causes a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the bone marrow microenvironment during BMT. The increase in ROS reduces the engraftment ability of donor cells, thereby affecting the bone marrow recovery of recipients after BMT. In the early weeks following transplantation, recipients are at high risk of severe infection due to weakened hematopoiesis. Thus, it is imperative to improve engraftment capacity and accelerate bone marrow recovery in BMT recipients. In this study, we constructed recombinant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) fused with the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), the trans-activator of transcription (Tat), and showed that this fusion protein has penetrating ability and antioxidant activity in both RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow cells in vitro. Furthermore, irradiated mice transplanted with SOD1-Tat-treated total bone marrow donor cells showed an increase in total bone marrow engraftment capacity two weeks after transplantation. This study explored an innovative method for enhancing engraftment efficiency and highlights the potential of CPP-SOD1 in ROS manipulation during BMT.
Proximate Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Hepatoprotective Activity of Three Species of Shellfish of the Pacific Coast of Russia
Authors: Karaulova Ekaterina P. , Yakush Evgeny V. , Slutskaya Tatiana N. , Shulgina Lidiya V.
Published: June 2021

The objective of the present study was to investigate the proximate composition, antiradical properties and hepatoprotective activity of three species of shellfish, Corbicula japonica, Spisula sachalinensis, and Anadara broughtonii, from the coastal areas of Far East Russia. Biologically active peptides such as taurine (3.74 g/100 g protein) and ornithine (2.12 g/100 g protein) have been found in the tissues of A. broughtonii. C. japonica contains a high amount of ornithine (5.57 g/100 g protein) and taurine (0.85 g/100 g protein). The maximum DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity (36.0 µg ascorbic acid/g protein and 0.68 µmol/Trolox equiv/g protein, respectively) was determined for the tissue of C. japonica. The protein and peptide molecular weight distribution of the shellfish tissue water extracts was investigated using HPLC. It was found that the amount of low molecular weight proteins and peptides were significantly and positively correlated with radical scavenging activity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.96), while the amount of high molecular weight proteins negatively correlated with radical scavenging activity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = −0.86). Hepatoprotective activity, measured by the survival rate of HepG2 hepatocytes after cotreatment with t-BHP, was detected for C. japonica. The highest protection (95.3 ± 2.4%) was achieved by the cold water extract of C. japonica at the concentration of 200 mg/mL. Moreover, oral administration of hot water extract of C. japonica to rats before the treatment with CCl4 exhibited a markedly protective effect by lowering serum levels of ALT and AST, inhibiting the changes in biochemical parameters of functional state of rat liver, including MDA, SOD, GSH and GST.
Large Stabilization Effects by Intramolecular Beryllium Bonds in Ortho-Benzene Derivatives
Authors: I-Ting Tsai , Montero-Campillo M. Merced , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Yáñez Manuel
Published: June 2021

Intramolecular interactions are shown to be key for favoring a given structure in systems with a variety of conformers. In ortho-substituted benzene derivatives including a beryllium moiety, beryllium bonds provide very large stabilizations with respect to non-bound conformers and enthalpy differences above one hundred kJ·mol−1 are found in the most favorable cases, especially if the newly formed rings are five or six-membered heterocycles. These values are in general significantly larger than hydrogen bonds in 1,2-dihidroxybenzene. Conformers stabilized by a beryllium bond exhibit the typical features of this non-covalent interaction, such as the presence of a bond critical point according to the topology of the electron density, positive Laplacian values, significant geometrical distortions and strong interaction energies between the donor and acceptor quantified by using the Natural Bond Orbital approach. An isodesmic reaction scheme is used as a tool to measure the strength of the beryllium bond in these systems in terms of isodesmic energies (analogous to binding energies), interaction energies and deformation energies. This approach shows that a huge amount of energy is spent on deforming the donor–acceptor pairs to form the new rings.
Y2O3 Nanoparticles and X-ray Radiation-Induced Effects in Melanoma Cells
Authors: Porosnicu Ioana , Butnaru Cristian M. , Tiseanu Ion , Stancu Elena , Munteanu Cristian V. A. , Bita Bogdan I. , Duliu Octavian G. , Sima Felix
Published: June 2021

The innovative strategy of using nanoparticles in radiotherapy has become an exciting topic due to the possibility of simultaneously improving local efficiency of radiation in tumors and real-time monitoring of the delivered doses. Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in material science to prepare phosphors for various applications including X-ray induced photodynamic therapy and in situ nano-dosimetry, but few available reports only addressed the effect induced in cells by combined exposure to different doses of superficial X-ray radiation and nanoparticles. Herein, we analyzed changes induced in melanoma cells by exposure to different doses of X-ray radiation and various concentrations of Y2O3 NPs. By evaluation of cell mitochondrial activity and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we estimated that 2, 4, and 6 Gy X-ray radiation doses are visibly altering the cells by inducing ROS production with increasing the dose while at 6 Gy the mitochondrial activity is also affected. Separately, high-concentrated solutions of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs were also found to affect the cells by inducing ROS production with the increase of concentration. Additionally, the colony-forming units assay evidenced a rather synergic effect of NPs and radiation. By adding the NPs to cells before irradiation, a decrease of the number of proliferating cell colonies was observed with increase of X-ray dose. DNA damage was evidenced by quantifying the γ-H2AX foci for cells treated with Y2O3 NPs and exposed to superficial X-ray radiation. Proteomic profile confirmed that a combined effect of 50 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs and 6 Gy X-ray dose induced mitochondria alterations and DNA changes in melanoma cells.
Polyphenols and Visual Health: Potential Effects on Degenerative Retinal Diseases
Authors: Fernandez-Gonzalez Pol , Mas-Sanchez Aina , Garriga Pere
Published: June 2021

Dietary polyphenols are a group of natural compounds that have been proposed to have beneficial effects on human health. They were first known for their antioxidant properties, but several studies over the years have shown that these compounds can exert protective effects against chronic diseases. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying these potential benefits are still uncertain and contradictory effects have been reported. In this review, we analyze the potential effects of polyphenol compounds on some visual diseases, with a special focus on retinal degenerative diseases. Current effective therapies for the treatment of such retinal diseases are lacking and new strategies need to be developed. For this reason, there is currently a renewed interest in finding novel ligands (or known ligands with previously unexpected features) that could bind to retinal photoreceptors and modulate their molecular properties. Some polyphenols, especially flavonoids (e.g., quercetin and tannic acid), could attenuate light-induced receptor damage and promote visual health benefits. Recent evidence suggests that certain flavonoids could help stabilize the correctly folded conformation of the visual photoreceptor protein rhodopsin and offset the deleterious effect of retinitis pigmentosa mutations. In this regard, certain polyphenols, like the flavonoids mentioned before, have been shown to improve the stability, expression, regeneration and folding of rhodopsin mutants in experimental in vitro studies. Moreover, these compounds appear to improve the integration of the receptor into the cell membrane while acting against oxidative stress at the same time. We anticipate that polyphenol compounds can be used to target visual photoreceptor proteins, such as rhodopsin, in a way that has only been recently proposed and that these can be used in novel approaches for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases like retinitis pigmentosa; however, studies in this field are limited and further research is needed in order to properly characterize the effects of these compounds on retinal degenerative diseases through the proposed mechanisms.
An Investigation into the Potential of Targeting Escherichia coli rne mRNA with Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) Gapmers as an Antibacterial Strategy
Authors: Goddard Layla R. , Mardle Charlotte E. , Gneid Hassan , Ball Ciara G. , Gowers Darren M. , Atkins Helen S. , Butt Louise E. , Watts Jonathan K. , Vincent Helen A. , Callaghan Anastasia J.
Published: June 2021

The increase in antibacterial resistance is a serious challenge for both the health and defence sectors and there is a need for both novel antibacterial targets and antibacterial strategies. RNA degradation and ribonucleases, such as the essential endoribonuclease RNase E, encoded by the rne gene, are emerging as potential antibacterial targets while antisense oligonucleotides may provide alternative antibacterial strategies. As rne mRNA has not been previously targeted using an antisense approach, we decided to explore using antisense oligonucleotides to target the translation initiation region of the Escherichia coli rne mRNA. Antisense oligonucleotides were rationally designed and were synthesised as locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmers to enable inhibition of rne mRNA translation through two mechanisms. Either LNA gapmer binding could sterically block translation and/or LNA gapmer binding could facilitate RNase H-mediated cleavage of the rne mRNA. This may prove to be an advantage over the majority of previous antibacterial antisense oligonucleotide approaches which used oligonucleotide chemistries that restrict the mode-of-action of the antisense oligonucleotide to steric blocking of translation. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we demonstrate that the LNA gapmers bind to the translation initiation region of E. coli rne mRNA. We then use a cell-free transcription translation reporter assay to show that this binding is capable of inhibiting translation. Finally, in an in vitro RNase H cleavage assay, the LNA gapmers facilitate RNase H-mediated mRNA cleavage. Although the challenges of antisense oligonucleotide delivery remain to be addressed, overall, this work lays the foundations for the development of a novel antibacterial strategy targeting rne mRNA with antisense oligonucleotides.
New Oxaliplatin-Pyrophosphato Analogs with Improved In Vitro Cytotoxicity
Authors: Barbanente Alessandra , Iacobazzi Rosa Maria , Azzariti Amalia , Hoeschele James D. , Denora Nunzio , Papadia Paride , Pacifico Concetta , Natile Giovanni , Margiotta Nicola
Published: June 2021

Two new Pt(II)-pyrophosphato complexes containing the carrier ligands cis-1,3-diaminocyclohexane (cis-1,3-DACH) and trans-1,2-diamine-4-cyclohexene (1,2-DACHEX), variants of the 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane ligand present in the clinically used Pt-drug oxaliplatin, have been synthesized with the aim of developing new potential antitumor drugs with high bone tropism. The complexes are more stable at physiological pH than in acid conditions, with Na2[Pt(pyrophosphato)(cis-1,3-DACH)] (1) slightly more stable than [Pt(dihydrogenpyrophosphato)(1,2-DACHEX)] (2). The greater reactivity at acidic pH ensures a greater efficacy at the tumor site. Preliminary NMR studies indicate that 1 and 2 react slowly with 5’-GMP (used as a model of nucleic acids), releasing the pyrophosphate ligand and affording the bis 5’-GMP adduct. In vitro cytotoxicity assays performed against a panel of four human cancer cell lines have shown that both compounds are more active than oxaliplatin. Flow cytometry studies on HCT116 cells showed that the pyrophosphato compounds with the non-classical 1,3- and 1,4-diaminocyclohexane ligands (1 and 4) are the most capable to induce cells’ death by apoptosis and necrosis.
Microbial Fuel Cell Technology—A Critical Review on Scale-Up Issues
Authors: Tan Wei Han , Chong Siewhui , Fang Hsu-Wei , Pan Kuan-Lun , Mohamad Mardawani , Lim Jun Wei , Tiong Timm Joyce , Chan Yi Jing , Huang Chao-Ming , Yang Thomas Chung-Kuang
Published: June 2021

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has attracted a great amount of attention due to its potential for organic and inorganic waste treatment concomitant with power generation. It is thus seen as a clean energy alternative. Modifications and innovations have been conducted on standalone and hybrid/coupled MFC systems to improve the power output to meet the end goal, namely, commercialization and implementation into existing wastewater treatment plants. As the energy generated is inversely proportional to the size of the reactor, the stacking method has been proven to boost the power output from MFC. In recent years, stacked or scale-up MFCs have also been used as a power source to provide off-grid energy, as well as for in situ assessments. These scale-up studies, however, encountered various challenges, such as cell voltage reversal. This review paper explores recent scale-up studies, identifies trends and challenges, and provides a framework for current and future research.
A Novel Ensemble Model on Defects Identification in Aero-Engine Blade
Authors: Jiao Yingkui , Li Zhiwei , Zhu Junchao , Xue Bin , Zhang Baofeng
Published: June 2021

Machine learning-based defect identification has emerged as a promising solution to improving the defect accuracy of the aero-engine blade. This solution adopts machine learning classifiers to classify the types of defects. These classifiers are trained to use features collected in ultrasonic echo signals. However, the current studies show the potential number of features, such as statistic values, for identifying defect reaches a number more than that offered by an ultrasonic echo signal. This necessitates multiple acquisitions of echo signal and increases manual effort, and the feature obtained from feature selection is sensitive to the characteristic of the classifier, which further increases the uncertainty of the classifier result. This paper proposes an ensemble learning technique that is only based on few features obtained from an echo signal and still achieves a high accuracy of defect identification as that in traditional machine learning, eliminating the need for multiple acquisitions of the echo signal. To this end, we apply two well-known ensemble learning classifiers and simultaneously compare three widely used machine learning models on defect identification of blades. The result shows that the proposed ensemble learning models outperform machine learning-based models with an equal number of features. In addition, the two-feature-based ensemble learning model reaches an accuracy close to that of multiple statistic features-based machine learning models, where features are obtained from multiple collections of the signal.
Merton Investment Problems in Finance and Insurance for the Hawkes-Based Models
Authors: Swishchuk Anatoliy
Published: June 2021

We show how to solve Merton optimal investment stochastic control problem for Hawkes-based models in finance and insurance (Propositions 1 and 2), i.e., for a wealth portfolio X(t) consisting of a bond and a stock price described by general compound Hawkes process (GCHP), and for a capital R(t) (risk process) of an insurance company with the amount of claims described by the risk model based on GCHP. The main approach in both cases is to use functional central limit theorem for the GCHP to approximate it with a diffusion process. Then we construct and solve Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation for the expected utility function. The novelty of the results consists of the new Hawkes-based models and in the new optimal investment results in finance and insurance for those models.
An Interactive Haptic Guidance System for Intuitive Programming CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Stateczny Kamil , Miądlicki Karol
Published: June 2021

The human-machine interfaces in modern CNC machine tools are not very intuitive and still based on archaic input systems, i.e., switches, handwheels, and buttons. This type of solution has two major drawbacks. The pushed button activates the movement only in one direction and is insensitive to the amount of the force exerted by the operator, which makes it difficult to move the machine axes at variable speeds. The paper proposes a novel and intuitive system of manual programming of a CNC machine tool based on a control lever with strain-gauge sensors. The presented idea of manual programming is aimed at eliminating the need to create a machining program and at making it possible to move the machine intuitively, eliminating mistakes in selecting directions and speeds. The article describes the concept of the system and the principle of operation of the control levers with force sensors. The final part of the work presents the experimental validation of the proposed system and a functionality comparison with the traditional CNC control.
Deep UV Formation of Long-Term Stable Optical Bragg Gratings in Epoxy Waveguides and Their Biomedical Sensing Potentials
Authors: Hessler Steffen , Rüth Marieke , Lemke Horst-Dieter , Schmauss Bernhard , Hellmann Ralf
Published: June 2021

In this article, we summarize our investigations on optimized 248 nm deep ultraviolet (UV) fabrication of highly stable epoxy polymer Bragg grating sensors and their application for biomedical purposes. Employing m-line spectroscopy, deep UV photosensitivity of cross-linked EpoCore thin films in terms of responding refractive index change is determined to a maximum of Δn = + (1.8 ± 0.2) × 10−3. All-polymer waveguide Bragg gratings are fabricated by direct laser irradiation of lithographic EpoCore strip waveguides on compatible Topas 6017 substrates through standard +1/-1-order phase masks. According near-field simulations of realistic non-ideal phase masks provide insight into UV dose-dependent characteristics of the Bragg grating formation. By means of online monitoring, arising Bragg reflections during grating inscription via beforehand fiber-coupled waveguide samples, an optimum laser parameter set for well-detectable sensor reflection peaks in respect of peak strength, full width at half maximum and grating attenuation are derived. Promising blood analysis applications of optimized epoxy-based Bragg grating sensors are demonstrated in terms of bulk refractive index sensing of whole blood and selective surface refractive index sensing of human serum albumin.
An Exploration of Leadership in Post-Primary Schools: The Emergence of Toxic Leadership
Authors: Snow Nicola , Hickey Niamh , Blom Nicolaas , O’Mahony Liam , Mannix-McNamara Patricia
Published: June 2021

The focus of this research was to explore school leadership in post-primary schools using an adapted Schmidt Toxic Leadership Scale ©, which the authors recalibrated to examine both constructive and destructive leadership, the impact on individuals professional and personal lives, and on staff morale. Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected from 111 teaching professionals via online survey. Findings indicated a notable emergence of toxic leadership experiences which is reported in this paper. In addition, participants reported various and concerning negative consequences including: decreased job satisfaction, professional agency, and staff morale; reduced performance; increased attrition; increased negative behaviours including incivility; stifled career development; reduced self-confidence; depression; stress and anxiety; fear; tearfulness; humiliation; anger; mistrust; exhaustion; burnout; health issues; migraines; weight gain; substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, as well as, negative consequences on personal/home life. The results indicate that the quality of leadership was perceived to influence the health of respondents and had a bearing on their occupational wellbeing. Further research is needed to understand the nature of toxic leadership in education and its effects on organisational members.
Uncovering the Dynamic Relationship between Credit and Sustainable Economic Growth in Selected CEE Countries
Authors: Altăr Adam , Kubinschi Matei Nicolae , Zaharia Alina
Published: June 2021

Establishing a functional financial sector has been one of the pillars of transition to a functional market economy over the last three decades in the CEE region. The present paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between credit and economic growth in selected CEE countries, namely, Czechia, Romania, Poland and Hungary, aiming to answer questions related to (i) the role of the banking sector in fostering sustainable economic growth and the causality direction between the financial and real sector, (ii) the relationship between consumption and investment and certain categories of loans and (iii) the identification of loan supply shocks and their role in explaining the dynamics associated with other macroeconomic variables. Using a time-varying parameter structural vector autoregression model with stochastic volatility (TVP-SVAR) and sign restrictions, we identify a non-financial corporations (NFC) credit supply shock and an investment shock. Potential policy solutions to ensure a sound contribution of the financial sector to economic growth in the analyzed economies relate to the strong relationship identified between the two variables. From this perspective, the study is among the first to employ a robust dynamic framework for assessing the role of the financial sector in fostering sustainable economic growth in European emerging market economies.
Possible Effects of the Fractal Distribution of Relic Wormholes
Authors: Kirillov Alexander A. , Savelova Elena P. , Vladykina Polina O.
Published: June 2021

We discuss the possibility that the distribution of relic wormholes may possess fractal properties. Relic wormholes and their fractal distributions are predicted in a natural way by lattice quantum gravity models. This provides a new approach to some long standing problems. That is the nature of dark matter phenomena, the origin of Faber-Jackson and Tully-Fisher relations and the observed deficit of baryons. We derive corrections to the Newton’s potential caused by the presence of relic wormholes and show that the analysis of dark matter distribution in galaxies allows us to fix the parameters of the fractal distribution of wormholes.
Blood Transfusion Errors Within a Health System: A Review of Root Cause Analyses
Authors: Lancaster Elizabeth , Rhodus Elizabeth , Duke Mary , Harris Andrew
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Blood transfusions are lifesaving treatments which require critical attention to processes and details. If processes are not followed, grievous errors can lead to sentinel events. A review of investigations completed due to reported events will show the error trends associated with systems used throughout the blood transfusion process. Methods: This study employed root cause analyses (RCAs) within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to review the events leading to blood transfusion errors. Data was pulled from the RCA databases within the VA National Center for Patient Safety. The time frame was October 2014 to August 2019. A total of 53 RCAs and aggregated reviews were included in the study. These were reviewed for common themes and gaps present within processes. Results: The most common events fell within the categories of incorrect or delayed blood orders, incorrect or lack of patient identification, and wrong blood given. The RCA for each event was reviewed and studied. The RCAs had a crossover of multiple causes; lack of a formal process, communication barriers, and technology barriers were the most frequent. Conclusion: These RCAs express great variation between VHA facilities, such as process created, number of staff reports, and number of RCAs completed. Lack of standard practices nationwide, training barriers, and technology barriers may explain the variation of transfusion errors throughout the VHA. This study brings to light questions about standardization of transfusion protocols. Future study regarding such standardization is necessary to determine its plausibility.
Immediate and delayed antibiotic prescribing strategies used by Australian early-career GPs: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Davey Andrew , Tapley Amanda , Mulquiney Katie J , van Driel Mieke , Fielding Alison , Holliday Elizabeth , Davis Joshua S , Glasziou Paul , Dallas Anthea , Ball Jean , Spike Neil , FitzGerald Kristen , Magin Parker
Published: June 2021

Background

Antibiotics are overused for non-pneumonia acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs).

Aim

To establish prevalence and explore associations of delayed and immediate antibiotic prescribing strategies of Australian early-career GPs (specialist GP vocational trainees, also known as GP registrars) for non-pneumonia ARTIs.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional analysis of data collected between September 2016 and December 2017 from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training cohort (ReCEnT) study, an ongoing cohort study of GP registrars’ in-practice clinical experiences in four Australian states and territories.

Method

Multinomial logistic regression with outcome antibiotic prescribing (no prescribing, immediate prescribing, and delayed prescribing).

Results

Of 7156 new ARTI diagnoses, no antibiotics were prescribed for 4892 (68%); antibiotics were prescribed for immediate use for 1614 diagnoses (23%) and delayed antibiotics were used for 650 diagnoses (9%). Delayed prescribing was used in 22% of otitis media, 16% of sinusitis, 13% of sore throat, 11% of acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis, and 5% of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) diagnoses. Delayed prescribing was used for 29% of all prescriptions written. Delayed prescribing and immediate prescribing were associated with markers of clinical concern. Delayed prescribing was associated with longer duration of consultation and with fewer diagnoses/problems dealt with in the consultation.

Conclusion

Australian early-career GPs use no prescribing for ARTIs substantially more than established GPs; however, except where URTIs are concerned, they still prescribe antibiotics in excess of validated benchmarks. Australian early-career GPs may use delayed prescribing more often than European established GPs, and may use it to manage diagnostic uncertainty and, possibly, conflicting influences on prescribing behaviour. The use of delayed prescribing may enable a transition to an environment of more-rational antibiotic prescribing for ARTIs.
Penggunaan Metode Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Dalam Analisis Sistem Informasi Alista (Application Of Logistic And Supply Telkom Akses)
Authors: Irawati Tri , Rimawati Elistya , Pramesti Nayu Ariloka
Published: June 2021

Karyawan PT Telkom Access Surakarta ditugaskan menyediakan dan menyiapkan bahan dengan jumlah dan waktu terbatas. Agar dapat dipenuhi, karyawan melakukan pekerjaan dengan cepat termasuk koordinasi, pengadaan, produksi, pasokan produk, termasuk administrasi harian dan memproses informasi dari teknisi kepada pelanggan untuk membuatnya lebih mudah untuk menggunakan aplikasi Alista. Apakah persepsi Desain Sistem, Kemudahan Sistem, Sikap penerimaan sistem, Perilaku menggunakan sistem diukur seberapa besar pengaruhnya terhadap kondisi nyata penggunaan sistem yang dipercaya oleh karyawan. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengukuran hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan TAM.  Sampel penelitian 78 karyawan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa 35,2% dari empat variabel bebas yaitu Desain Antarmuka, Kemudahan Sistem, Sikap Penerimaan Sistem, Perilaku Penggunaan Sistem mempengaruhi kondisi nyata penggunaan sistem informasi. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner dari semua responden terhadap variabel pertanyaan yang diteliti, hasil TAM dalam persentase 44% jawaban responden rata-rata sangat setuju dan 55% jawaban responden setuju.
SHOP-WINDOWS IN JAPAN: WESTERN "OMOTE" AND JAPANESE "MA"
Authors: Tret'yakova M.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the national specifics of Japanese shop-windows in an urban environment. In this regard, shop-windows are viewed from the point of view of the interaction of internal and external space, and not just as decor. The purpose of the article is to analyze how the traditional Japanese understanding of space was transformed under the influence of the Western lifestyle and the role of facades and shop-windows began to change. At the same time, it is important to understand that the Japanese designers managed to preserve the Japanese designers in shop-windows design after Westernization. First, according to F. Maki, the traditional Japanese concept of space "oku" ("oku - omote") is considered. Then, its transformation is investigated using the example of the so-called "sign houses" (kamban-kentiku). Then, in search of the national specifics of modern shop windows, the article studies modern shop-windows, and also analyzes the category of modern Japanese aesthetics "intermediate" "ma".

The study concluded that the traditional Japanese understanding of space as a reversible void, when the most important thing is located in the depths of the “oku”, faced with the western way of life, is transformed into the model “Japanese oku (depth) - western omote (front side) ". Thus, there are “signage houses” of the kamban-kenchiku, the facade of which is “western”, and the rest with its “oku” is Japanese. In the further transformation, initially "western" shop-windows are also beginning to acquire Japanese characteristics. The most important role in this process is played by the modern category of Japanese aesthetics "ma", although it is closely related to tradition. It can be understood both as a generating void and as a connecting space.
Beskrivelse til Geologisk Kort over Danmark (i Maalestok 1: 100,000). Kortbladene Skagen, Hirshals, Frederikshavn, Hjøring og Løkken
Authors: Jessen A
Published: June 2021

Kortbladene Skagen, Hirshals , Frederikshavn, Hjøring og Løkken omfatte den nordligste og største Del af Vendsyssel, et Areal på ca. 2500 kvadrat Km. (43-44 kvadrat Mil).Landets Overfladeform er yderst varierende, paa sine Steder et stærkt kuperet Terrain, andre Steder bølgede eller aldeles jævne Sletter, til Dels en Følge af eller staaende i et bestemt Forhold til de geologiske Dannelser. Naturligst kan der i det her omhandlede Areal skelnes mellem 3 forskellige Terrainformer: de uregelmæssige og kuperede Højdedrag eller "Bakkeøer", de horizontale Højdeplateauer eller "Flader", hvorfra Bakkeøerne hæve sig frem, samt de lavtliggende og jævne "Sletter", der hovedsagelig slutte sig til Kysterne.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN RICE PRODUCTION – A REVIEW
Authors: Phụ Hoàng Văn , Linh Hà Xuân , Trà Lê Thu
Published: June 2021

Do diện tích canh tác ướt lớn, sử dụng nhiều nước hơn và sử dụng nhiều hóa chất đầu vào, canh tác lúa thông thường (CRC) là một trong những nguồn chính của CH4 và N2O gây ô nhiễm môi trường và biến đổi khí hậu. Để giải quyết vấn đề này, hệ thống thâm canh lúa (SRI) đã được nghiên cứu và áp dụng ở khoảng 15 triệu nông hộ sản xuất nhỏ tại hơn 60 quốc gia. Kết quả của hầu hết các nhà nghiên cứu cho thấy áp dụng SRI sẽ giúp giảm thiểu chất thải rắn, tiết kiệm năng lượng và nước từ sản xuất phân bón. Bên cạnh đó, nó còn bảo vệ môi trường bằng cách giảm dư lượng phân bón thải ra môi trường. Nguyên lý cấy thưa của SRI còn giúp thông thoáng, hạn chế sâu bệnh, tăng đa dạng sinh học và thiên địch trên ruộng lúa. Bên cạnh đó, kỹ thuật tưới của SRI là nước – cạn xen kẽ đã làm môi trường ruộng lúa từ yếm khí sang hiếu khí và sử dụng phân ủ đã làm giảm phát thải CH4, CO2, N2O. Hơn nữa, áp dụng SRI cho năng suất của lúa cao hơn canh tác truyền thống, trong khi đầu vào thấp hơn. Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi tổng hợp các kết quả nghiên cứu SRI ở Việt Nam và trên thế giới nhằm cung cấp bằng những bằng chứng chứng minh SRI đã góp phần bảo vệ môi trường và giảm thiểu biến đổi khí hậu.
THE IMPACTS OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR THROUGH ONLINE SHOPPING APPLICATION IN THAI NGUYEN CITY
Authors: Somfongbouthtakhan Chinda
Published: June 2021

Bài nghiên cứu này chỉ ra tác động của tiếp thị số lên hành vi mua sắm online thông qua các ứng dụng mua hàng online, tập trung vào ngành công nghiệp bán lẻ ở Thái Nguyên. Đặc biệt, bài viết cũng sẽ đưa ra vai trò trung gian của các ứng dụng mua sắm online trong mối quan hệ giữa tiếp thị số và hành vi mua hàng online. Thêm vào đó, nghiên cứu cũng đưa ra một số gợi ý cho các công ty bán lẻ sử dụng Internet để phát triển doanh nghiệp. Bài viết dựa trên một khảo sát online trên biểu mẫu Google, bảng hỏi thu thập dữ liệu từ 416 người tiêu dùng. Số liệu được xử lý bằng phần mềm IMB SPSS. Kết quả chỉ ra rằng có 1 mối quan hệ giữa tiếp thị số và hành vi mua sắm trực tuyến qua trung gian là các ứng dụng mua sắm, đồng thời, các ứng dụng mua sắm cũng có ảnh hưởng đáng kể lên hành vi mua hàng trực tuyến. Cuối cùng, nghiên cứu gợi ý cách làm nội dung tiếp thị hiệu quả hơn cho các trang mua sắm trực tuyến giúp quá trình mua hàng của người tiêu dùng đơn giản, thuận tiện hơn. Đồng thời, nghiên cứu này cũng cung cấp thông tin cho các doanh nghiệp bán hàng trực tuyến để ứng dụng thành công tiếp thị số như một chiến lược trong kế hoạch kinh doanh của họ, và nhận ra tầm quan trọng của tiếp thị số trong thị trường cạnh tranh ngày nay.
EVALUATION OF TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WASTEWATER AT VINACOMIN HA LAM COAL JOINT STOCK COMPANY, QUANG NINH BY ULTRA FILTRATION (UF)
Authors: Nhân Hoàng Quý , Hà Đặng Thị Thái
Published: June 2021

Ô nhiễm nguồn nước đã và đang là vấn đề nhận được rất nhiều sự quan tâm của cộng đồng và xã hội. Điều tra, khảo sát, thu thập dữ liệu về nguồn nước thải sau khai thác của mỏ than hiện nay là vấn đề cấp thiết, được các nhà khoa học và quản lý quan tâm. Mục tiêu bài báo đánh giá hiện trạng chất lượng nước thải của công ty cổ phần than VINACOMIN Hà Lầm, Quảng Ninh bằng màng lọc ultra filtration. Điều tra được thực hiện trong khoảng thời gian từ tháng 5 năm 2020 đến tháng 12 năm 2020, vào cuối mùa khô và giữa mùa mưa, tập trung nghiên cứu về nước thải phát sinh từ quá trình khai thác, sản xuất và chế biến than tại các khu vực của Công ty. Qua nghiên cứu cho thấy nước thải hầm lò của công ty có mức độ ô nhiễm tương tự như phần lớn nước thải khai thác hầm lò. Qua hệ thống màng lọc sau xử lý, nước thải ra môi trường đạt tiêu chuẩn cho phép theo cột B QCVN 40:2015/BTNMT về nước thải công nghiệp; các giá trị như pH, tổng chất rắn lơ lửng (TSS), các kim loại và kim loại nặng như Fe, Mn,... đều nằm trong ngưỡng cho phép và được phép thải ra ngoài môi trường.
THE IMPACT OF PARTNER RELATION MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AT VTI EDUCATION LLC., HA NOI
Authors: Hạnh Nguyễn Thị Mỹ
Published: June 2021

Ngày nay, nhiều công ty sản phẩm phần mềm ra đời khiến nhu cầu nhân lực công nghệ thông tin ngày càng tăng. VTI Education (tên hoạt động là VTI Academy) được thành lập để giải quyết nhu cầu đào tạo việc làm của ngành công nghệ thông tin nhưng phải đối mặt với rất nhiều đối thủ cạnh tranh, điều này đòi hỏi công ty phải có cách kiểm soát và nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động của họ. Do đó, nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích xác định các yếu tố của Quản lý quan hệ đối tác, bao gồm cam kết của lãnh đạo cao nhất, sự tin tưởng, quan hệ đối tác chiến lược và thời gian duy trì mối quan hệ, ảnh hưởng đến hoạt động tổ chức của Học viện VTI, cũng để đưa ra ý nghĩa của quản lý đối với hiệu suất. Để kiểm định bốn giả thuyết trên, bảng câu hỏi email được sử dụng để thu thập dữ liệu; sau đó, áp dụng cả phân tích định lượng bằng cách sử dụng SPSS để phân tích dữ liệu và phân tích định tính sau khi phân tích thống kê được thực hiện để đánh giá kỹ lưỡng hơn. Kết quả cho thấy, các yếu tố đáng tin cậy của quản lý quan hệ đối tác có tác động tích cực đến hoạt động kinh tế và hoạt động xã hội. Ngoài ra, tác giả sẽ đề xuất một số khuyến nghị để nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động của Học viện VTI Academy.
THE UTILIZATION AND EFFECTS OF PLANT PROTECTION CHEMICALS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH IN HUONG THUONG COMMUNE, DONG HY DISTRICT - THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE
Authors: Thanh Đàm Hà Lương , Linh Hà Xuân , Hà Đặng Thị Thái
Published: June 2021

Bài báo này trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu tình hình quản lý, sử dụng và ảnh hưởng của hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật đến môi trường và sức khoẻ của người dân trên địa bàn xã Huống Thượng, huyện Đồng Hỷ, tỉnh Thái Nguyên. 63 nông hộ trong 3 xóm được lựa chọn đểphỏng vấn trực tiếp. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy thuốc được sử dụng chủ yếu là thuốc trừ sâu, chiếm 57%; trong đó, thuốc nằm trong nhóm II và nhóm III chiếm 80% lượng thuốc được sử dụng. Thuốc bảo vệ thực vật nhóm IV chỉ chiếm tỉ lệ nhỏ vào 20% lượng tiêu thụ. Thuốc có nguồn gốc hóa học vẫn chiếm một tỉ lệ lớn tới 72%. Việc tổ chức tập huấn, tuyên truyền hướng dẫn người dân cách sử dụng hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật đã được các cấp quan tâm, tuy nhiên chỉ có 35% người dân được phỏng vấn muốn thay đổi cách sử dụng hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật hiện nay. Tỷ lệ người dân biết đầy đủ các quy trình an toàn về sử dụng hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật còn thấp. Điều này đã làm ảnh hưởng tới môi trường và sức khoẻ của người dân.
A Study on Recent Schemes and Initiatives of State Government for Promoting Primary Education in Karnataka
Authors: Harish N
Published: June 2021

Education is an essential instrument of social transformation and economic development. Financing of primary education is of vital importance due to it being a fundamental right in most modern societies. Government spending on primary education in Karnataka has been increasing in recent years to improve access to and quality of education. Also, the Government of Karnataka has introduced many attractive schemes in the state and the support of the Central government and private organizations. The study aims at measuring the effectiveness of such programs on improving the enrolment and access of children at the primary education level in Karnataka.
LCT in Developing, Lower and Middle Income and Developed Countries
Authors: Shah Rajendra Kumar
Published: June 2021

LCT has been a recurrent theme in many national educational policies in the global South and has had wide donor support through aid programs and smaller projects and localized innovations. However, the history of the implementation of LCT in different contexts is riddled with stories of failures, grand and small. This article provides an overview of the four major topics-context of LCT, LCT in lower and middle-income countries, LCT in the developing and LCT in the developed countries. The major aim of the article is to explore the status of LCT in underdeveloped, to develop and developed countries. For this purpose, I searched scholarly and online databases(Google Scholar, JStor, Proquest) that focus on LCT and related policies, trends, and issues in various countries. I used search terms associated with the various LCT topics in lower and middleincome countries, LCT in developing countries, and LCT in the developed countries. LCT is a traveling policy that has been endorsed by international agencies, national governments, and local innovators. As a globally traveling policy and practice, prescriptions and innovations regarding LCT are often found in contexts where it is culturally new and where the realities of educational governance and resources for schools have not historically accommodated it. Though there are several successful LCT projects, these are too few compared to the magnitude of the failures of the approach in developing countries. In a number of these countries, attempts at transforming traditional classrooms into LCT classrooms have failed. In a recent analysis of the research on LCT implementation, it was evident that the history of the implementation of LCT in different contexts is riddled with stories of failures, grand and small. Across a wide range of developing country contexts, the reports of tissue rejection as teachers and learners struggle to make the paradigm shift far outnumbered the stories of successful transitions from the pedagogies in place towards LCT.
Metaphoric Perceptions of Teachers and Administrators towards Uplifting Leadership
Authors: Özçeti̇n Serdar
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the perceptions of teachers and administrators about the concept of uplifting leadership in depth through metaphors. In this study, phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The study group of the research consists of 30 people, 15 administrators and 15 teachers who work in primary, secondary and high schools affiliated to Antalya Directorate of National Education and selected through snowball sampling, which is purposeful sampling methods. A structured questionary form was used as a data collection tool. Metaphors were used as a data collection method and the participants were asked to explain what they think uplifting leadership resembled with reasons. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. The responses of the participants were classified and analyzed; the analysis was supported by direct quotations from the participants. NVivo package program was used to encode and classify the data. As a result of the study, it has been found that the metaphors produced by the participants contain features of the uplifting leadership by the changing management perception, such as being contemporary, constantly improving itself by following the innovations, trying to save organizations from the static structure, exciting employees for their improvement or institutional improvement, teaching them to dream, supporting different ideas, working in cooperation.