bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scaling up Gas and Electric Cooking in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Climate Threat or Mitigation Strategy with co-Benefits?
Authors: Floess Emily , Grieshop Andrew , Puzzolo Elisa , Pope Daniel , Leach Nicholas , Smith Christopher J. , Gill-Wiehl Annelise , Landesman Katherine , Bailis Rob
Published: November 2022

Nearly three billion people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rely on polluting fuels, resulting in millions of avoidable deaths annually. Polluting fuels also emit short-lived climate forcers and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and grid-based electricity are scalable alternatives to polluting fuels but have raised climate and health concerns. Here, we compare emissions and climate impacts of a business-as-usual household cooking fuel trajectory to four large-scale transitions to gas and/or grid electricity in 77 LMICs. We use upstream and end-use emissions in a reduced-complexity emissions-based climate model to estimate radiative forcing and temperature changes associated with each scenario. We find full transitions to LPG and/or electricity decrease emissions from both well-mixed GHG and short-lived climate forcers, resulting in a roughly 5 mK global temperature reduction by 2040. Transitions to LPG and/or electricity also reduce annual emissions of PM2.5 by over 6 Mt (99%) by 2040, which would substantially lower health risks. Social Media Abstract Full transitions to LPG or grid electricity in LMICs improve climate impacts over BAU trajectories.
A Rare Case Report on Oral Melanoacanthoma
Authors: Rawat Garima , Aiyer Hema Malini
Published: November 2022

Introduction - Melanoacanthoma of the oral cavity is rare benign reactive pigmented lesion. It has been recently considered as a distinct entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Oral melanoacanthomas are reactive and not related to seborrheic keratosis unlike their cutaneous counterparts which are variant of pigmented seborrheic neoplastic in nature. These lesions are characterized by hyperplasia of dendritic melanocytes dispersed throughout an acanthotic epithelium with buccal mucosa being the most common location. Case History - An 81 year old female presented to us with complaint of blackish patch on hard palate. The patient underwent biopsy and the histopathological diagnosis of Melanoacanthoma was given. Conclusions - To the best of our knowledge this is first such case of Melanoacanthoma on the hard palate in Indian subcontinent.
Integrative Transcriptome, Small RNA, Degradome and Phytohormone Analysis of Brassica rapa L. in Response to Clubroot Disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Wei Fang , Yuan Yuxiang , wei Xiaochun , Liao Rujiao , Su Henan , Zhao Yanyan , Xie Zhengqing , Nath Ujjal Kumar , Yang Shuangjuan , Wang Zhiyong , Zhang Luyue , Tian Baoming
Published: November 2022

Background and aim Clubroot is an infectious root disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica crops, which can cause immeasurable losses. We aimed to explore the infection mechanism under P. brassicae integrating transcriptome, small RNA, degradome and phytohormone technology .
Result In this study, root samples of Brassica rapa resistant line BrT24 (R-line) and susceptible line Y510-9 (S-line) were collected at four different time points for cytological, transcriptome, miRNA and degradome investigations. We found the critical period of disease resistance and infection at 0 - 3 days and 9 - 20 days, respectively. Based on our finding we further analyzed the data of 9 d vs 20 d of S-line and predicted the key genes ARF8 , NAC1 , NAC4 , TCP10 , SPL14 , REV and ATHB related to clubroot disease development and regulating disease resistance mechanisms. These genes are mainly related to auxin, cytokinin, jasmonic acid and ethylene cycles. We proposed a regulatory model of plant hormones under the mRNA-miRNA regulation in the critical period of P. brassicae infection by using integrative transcriptome, small RNA, degradome and phytohormone technology.
Conclusion Our integrative analysis found that the bra-miR164/NAC1/4 , bra-miR319/TCP10 and bra-miR167/ARF8 were associated with clubroot symptoms development, which provide new insights into the regulation relationship of miRNA and plant hormones during the process of disease infection .
Automatic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases from ECG Signals using Convolutional Neural Network and Soft Computing Methods
Authors: Goyal Shimpy
Published: November 2022

Since the last decade, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) tool has received medical experts and researchers' attention for accurate and fast diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The automatic detection and classification of 1D ECG-based heart disease have become more realistic and efficient solutions using the deep learning technique such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). As CNN is designed mainly for 2D or 3D applications therefore, designing CNN to process 1D ECG becomes challenging. We proposed a novel framework for automatic CVD detection and classification from the raw ECG signals using 1D-CNN deep learning technique. The framework consists of pre-processing, automatic feature extraction, feature optimization, and classification. In pre-processing, raw ECG signals are filtered to remove the baseline drift and power line interference using median and notch filters respectively. The pre-processed ECG signals are then used to extract the QRS and ST waves using the dynamic thresholding in the wavelet transfer domain. The fusion of QRS and ST waves have fed to automatic 1D-CNN that consists of layers i.e,1D convolutional layer, ReLU layer, and max-pooling layers. The 1D-CNN is proposed in this paper to extract features automatically with little computing complexity. The high-dimensional raw CNN features are optimized by applying a feature selection and scaling approach. For classification, different soft computing techniques such as Long- Short Term Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bays (NB), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) are applied. The experimental performances of the proposed model have been investigated on a publicly available research dataset and outperformed recent CNN-based techniques.
A new platform based on various sensors offers smart contracts to reduce carbon emissions Data visualization, industrial control, and activity mapping.
Authors: zerdoumi saber , hashem Ibrahim Abaker targio hashem Abaker targio , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman Jhanjhi , Qian zhang
Published: November 2022

A system and method for identifying the carbon emission green transformation initiatives for an organization use data for analysis, the data features based on image including at least one/more industry practice values associated with metrics for determining pollutions from greenhouse carbons and organization's values associated with the metrics. One/more components in the organization producing the organization's values that are worse than the industry practice values are identified at least based on the analysis. One/more transformation initiatives are discovered, for instance, using chain analysis technique, for transforming the identified one/more components to at least meet the industry practice values. Benefits associated with the one/more transformation initiatives may also determine using a calculator module. The one/more components may be transformed by implementing the one/more transformation initiatives.
Field of the Invention:
Pattern recognition ,Environment, greenhouse, carbon reduction.
Hemoglobinopathies, Merozoite Surface Protein-2 Gene Polymorphisms, and Acquisition of Epstein Barr Virus Among Infants in Western Kenya
Authors: Olewe Perez K. , Awandu Shehu Shagari , Munde Elly O. , Anyona Samuel B. , Raballah Evans , Amolo Asito S. , Ogola Sidney , Ndenga Erick , Onyango Clinton , Rochford Rosemary , Perkins Douglas J. , Ouma Collins
Published: November 2022

Background

Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated endemic Burkitt's Lymphoma pediatric cancer is associated with morbidity and mortality among children resident in holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum regions in western Kenya. P. falciparum exerts a strong selection pressure on sickle cell trait (SCT), alpha thalassemia (-α3.7/αα), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP-2) variants (FC27, 3D7) that confer reduced malarial disease severity

Methods

Data on infant EBV infection status (<6 and ≥6-12 months of ages) was abstracted from a previous longitudinal study. Archived infant DNA (n=81) and mothers DNA (n=70) samples were used for genotyping hemoglobinopathies and MSP-2. Presence of MSP-2 genotypes in maternal DNA samples was used to indicate infant in utero malarial exposure. Genetic variants were determined by TaqMan assays or standard PCR. Group differences were determined by Chi-square or Fisher’s analysis. Bivariate regression modelling was used to determine the relationship between carriage of genetic variants and EBV acquisition.

Results

EBV acquisition for infants <6 months was not associated with -α3.7/αα (OR=1.824, P =0.354), SCT (OR=0.897, P=0.881), or G6PD [Viangchan (871G>A)/Chinese (1024C>T) (OR=2.614, P=0.212)] and [Union (1360C>T)/Kaiping (1388G>A) (OR=0.321, P=0.295)]. There was no relationship between EBV acquisition and in utero exposure to either FC27 (OR=0.922, P=0.914) or 3D7 (OR=0.933, P=0.921). In addition, EBV acquisition in infants ≥6-12 months also showed no association with -α3.7/αα (OR=0.681, P=0.442), SCT (OR=0.513, P=0.305), G6PD [(Viangchan (871G>A)/Chinese (1024C>T) (OR=0.640, P=0.677)], [Mahidol (487G>A)/Coimbra (592C>T) (OR=0.948, P=0.940)], [(Union (1360C>T)/Kaiping (1388G>A) (OR=1.221, P=0.768)], African A (OR=0.278, P=0.257)], or in utero exposure to either FC27 (OR=0.780, P=0.662) or 3D7 (OR=0.549, P=0.241).
Conclusion: Although hemoglobinopathies (-α3.7/αα, SCT, and G6PD mutations) and in utero exposure to MSP-2 was not associated with EBV acquisition in infants 0-12 months, novel G6PD variants were discovered in the population from western Kenya. To definitely establish that the known and novel hemoglobinopathies, and in utero MSP-2 exposure do not confer susceptibility to EBV, future studies with larger sample sizes are required.
The trends in death of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies worldwide: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and implications for liver cancer management
Authors: Li Yongzhi , Ou Zejin , Yu Danfeng , He Huan , Zheng Liting , Chen Jiaqi , Chen Caiyun , Xiong Hushen , Chen Qing
Published: November 2022

Background: Over past decades, epidemiological patterns of liver cancer (LC) have changed dramatically. The Global Burden Of Disease (GBD) study provides an opportunity to tracking the progress in cancer control with its annual updated reports at national, regional, global level, which can facilitate the health decision-making and the allocation of health resources. Therefore, we aim to estimate the global, regional and national trends of death caused by liver cancer due to specific etiologies and attributable risks from 1990 to 2019.
Materials and Methods: Data was collected from the GBD study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were used to quantify the trends of age-standardized death rate (ASDR). We applied a linear regression for the calculation of estimated annual percentage change in ASDR.
Results: From 1990 to 2019, the ASDR of liver cancer decreased globally (EAPC = −2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.61 to −1.84). Meanwhile, declining trends were observed in both sexes, socio-demographic index (SDI) areas, and geographies, particularly East Asia (EAPC =−4.98, 95%CI: −5.73 to −4.22). The ASDR for all four major etiologies decreased globally, particularly LC owing to hepatitis B (EPAC = −3.46, 95% CI: −4.01 to −2.89). At the national level, China has seen dramatic decreases in death rates, particularly in the etiology of hepatitis B (EAPC = −5.17, 95% CI: −5.96 to −4.37). However, mortality from liver cancer increased in certain countries, including Armenia and Uzbekistan. Controlling smoking, alcohol, and drug use contributed to a drop in LC-related mortality in the majority of socio-demographic index areas. However, the excessive BMI was portrayed as the underlying cause for LC fatalities.
Conclusion: From 1990 to 2019, there was a worldwide decrease in deaths caused by liver cancer and its underlying causes. However, rising tendencies have been observed in low-resource regions and countries. The trends in drug use- and high BMI-related death from liver cancer and its underlying etiologies were concerning. The findings indicated that efforts should be increased to prevent liver cancer deaths through improved etiology control and risk management.
Laparotomy versus laparoscopy cholecystectomy for surgical treatment in patients with gallstone disease: a comparative cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Abdollahi Hamed , Faraji-Khiavi Farzad , Dehcheshmeh Nayeb Fadaei , Haghighizadeh Mohammad-Hossein
Published: November 2022

Background: Due to the increasing costs of the health system and limited financial resources, healthcare policymakers should apply more cost-effective strategies. This study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of laparotomy cholecystectomy with laparoscopy.
Methods: This economic evaluation was performed on patients with cholecystitis who were candidate for surgery in a private hospital in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran, in 2021. Data collection tools consisted of 4 parts: 1) demographic information checklist; 2) clinical information checklist; 3) cost checklist (e.g. costs related to a surgeon, operating room supplies, surgeon assistance, anesthesia and hoteling) and 4) effectiveness assessment tool (e.g., pain questionnaire and questions related to hospital days, duration of surgery, days of return to work and infection). We used SPSS22 and STATA14.2 for data analysis. One-way sensitivity analysis and Tornado diagrams were performed using Tree Age software.
Results: The mean total effectiveness score in patients treated with laparoscopy 83.44 (SD = 11.34) was higher than those treated with laparotomy 68.39 (SD = 13.61). This difference was statistically significant in all effectiveness criteria except for postoperative infection dimensions and length of operation (P-value <0.001). The mean cost in patients undergoing laparoscopy was significantly higher than those undergoing laparotomy (481.43 $ VS 459.49 $), but overall laparoscopic treatment (5.77) was more cost-effective than laparotomy (6.71). The cost-effectiveness of the laparoscopic procedure was approximately 1.47 $ per effectiveness unit cheaper than laparotomy, according to the ICER. According to one-way sensitivity analysis, the laparotomy method was still more effective by changing the cost and effectiveness components.
Conclusion: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy was more expensive than laparotomy cholecystectomy, it was generally more cost-effective. The results of this research may help Iran’s health system policymakers and managers in order to extend laparoscopic cholecystectomy in more hospitals.
Ratio-based quantitative multiomics profiling using universal reference materials empowers data integration
Authors: Zheng Yuanting , Liu Yaqing , Yang Jingcheng , Dong Lianhua , Zhang Rui , Tian Sha , Yu Ying , Ren Luyao , Hou Wanwan , Zhu Feng , Mai Yuanbang , Han Jinxiong , Zhang Lijun , Jiang Hui , Lin Ling , Lou Jingwei , Li Ruiqiang , Lin Jingchao , Liu Huafen , Kong Ziqing , Wang Depeng , Dai Fangping , Bao Ding , Cao Zehui , Chen Qiaochu , Chen Qingwang , Chen Xingdong , Gao Yuechen , Jiang He , Li Bin , Li Bingying , Li Jingjing , Liu Ruimei , Qing Tao , Shang Erfei , Shang Jun , Sun Shanyue , Wang Haiyan , Wang Xiaolin , Zhang Naixin , Zhang Peipei , Zhang Ruolan , Zhu Sibo , Scherer Andreas , Wang Jiucun , Wang Jing , Xu Joshua , Hong Huixiao , Xiao Wenming , Liang Xiaozhen , Jin Li , Tong Weida , Ding Chen , Li Jinming , Fang Xiang , Shi Leming
Published: November 2022

Multiomics profiling is a powerful tool to characterize the same samples with complementary features orchestrating the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. However, the lack of ground truth hampers the objective assessment of and subsequent choice from a plethora of measurement and computational methods aiming to integrate diverse and often enigmatically incomparable omics datasets. Here we establish and characterize the first suites of publicly available multiomics reference materials of matched DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites derived from immortalized cell lines from a family quartet of parents and monozygotic twin daughters, providing built-in truth defined by family relationship and the central dogma. We demonstrate that the "ratio"-based omics profiling data, i.e., by scaling the absolute feature values of a study sample relative to those of a concurrently measured universal reference sample, were inherently much more reproducible and comparable across batches, labs, platforms, and omics types, thus empower the horizontal (within-omics) and vertical (cross-omics) data integration in multiomics studies. Our study identifies "absolute" feature quantitation as the root cause of irreproducibility in multiomics measurement and data integration, and urges a paradigm shift from "absolute" to "ratio"-based multiomics profiling with universal reference materials.
External globus pallidus input to the dorsal striatum regulates habitual reward-seeking behavior
Authors: Baker Matthew , Kang Seungwoo , Hong Sa-Ik , Song Minryung , Yang Minsu Abel , Peyton Lee , Essa Hesham , Lee Sang Wan , Choi Doo-Sup
Published: November 2022

The external globus pallidus (GPe) coordinates action-selection through GABAergic projections throughout the basal ganglia. GPe arkypallidal (arky) neurons project exclusively to the dorsal striatum, which regulates goal-directed and habitual reward-seeking. However, the role of GPe arky neurons in reward-seeking remains unknown. Here, we identified that a majority of arky neurons target the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). Using fiber photometry, we found that arky activities were higher during random interval (RI; habit) compared to random ratio (RR; goal) operant reward-seeking. Support vector machine analysis demonstrated that arky neuron activities have sufficient information to distinguish between RR and RI behavior. Genetic ablation of this arkyGPe◊DLS circuit facilitated a shift from goal-directed to habitual behavior. Conversely, chemogenetic activation reduced habitual seeking-behaviors, which was blocked by systemic D1R agonism. Our findings reveal a novel role of this arkyGPe◊DLS circuit in constraining habitual reward-seeking, which is relevant to addictive behaviors and other compulsive disorders.
Perspectives on an enhanced ‘Improving Access to Psychological Therapies’ (IAPT) service addressing the wider determinants of mental health: a qualitative study.
Authors: Curtin Esther Louise , d'Apice Katrina , Porter Alice , Widnall Emily , Franklin Matthew , de Vocht Frank , Kidger Judi
Published: November 2022

Background

A new Health and Wellbeing pathway was introduced into the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service in one geographical area of the UK in 2021 to address the wider determinants of mental health problems. It comprised assisted signposting to wider services and physical health promotion. This qualitative study aimed to understand stakeholders’ experiences of implementing and receiving this new support and the barriers and facilitators to its delivery.

Methods

Forty-seven interviews were conducted, with service developers (n = 6), service deliverers (n = 12), service users (n = 22) and community and clinical partners (n = 7), as part of a larger mixed-methods evaluation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes spanned all participant groups, lending insight into potential service improvements. These included strengthening the quality of communication during referral and assessment to enhance ‘identifying suitability’, tailoring the support and delivery mode to provide a more ‘holistic service’, and increasing transparency around continued care to drive sustained benefits, reflected in the theme ‘moving forward’.

Limitations

Service users may have been selected due to their positive experiences of IAPT and were not demographically representative of the population, although participants’ experiences of the service did suggest variation in our sample.

Conclusions

The Health and Wellbeing pathway was perceived as having a positive impact on mental health and could reduce the burden on therapeutic services. However, service- and individual-level barriers need to be addressed to enhance statutory and community support links, manage service users’ expectations, and improve accessibility for certain groups.
Antioxidant activities in Pimpinella anisum L. callus responding to PEG-6000-induced water stress under light (12h-photoperiod) and dark conditions
Authors: Lamara Sarah , Boucelha Lilya , Djebbar Reda , Chabane Djamila
Published: November 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
High prevalence of mental disorder symptoms among medical and other health specialty residents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Silva Nayane Miranda , Pinho Rebeca da Nobrega Lucena , Costa Thais Ferreira , Areal Adriana Ferreira Barros , Salles André de Mattos , Oliveira Andrea Pedrosa Ribeiro Alves , Rassi Carlos Henrique Reis Esselin , Valero Caroline Elizabeth Brero , Gomes Ciro Martins , Silva Dayde Lane Mendonça da , de Oliveira Fernando Araujo Rodrigues , Jochims Isadora , Filho Ivan Henrique Ranulfo Vaz , Neves Juliana de Brito Seixas , Oliveira Lucas Alves de Brito , Dantas Maria Luisa Nogueira , Rosal Marta Alves , Soares Mayra Veloso Ayrimoraes , Kurizky Patrícia Shu , Peterle Viviane Cristina Uliana , Faro Yasmin Furtado , Gomides Ana Paula Monteiro , Mota Licia Maria Henrique da , de Albuquerque Cleandro Pires , Simaan Cezar Kozak , Amado Veronica Moreira
Published: November 2022

Background
The coronavirus epidemic was first identified in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. Because of the pandemic, health professionals, including residents in medicine and other health specialties, began working under intense physical and psychological pressure and were at a greater risk of developing mental disorders and psychological distress.
Methods
This study evaluated the prevalence of symptoms indicative of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and stress among medical residents and other health specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This study adopted a cross-sectional design that included postgraduate students in medical and other health residency programmes in Brazil. The recruitment extended from July 29 to September 5, 2020.
Results
In total, 1,313 resident medical and other health residents participated in the study. The Scale DASS-21 identified depression, anxiety and stress in 51.3%, 53.4% and 52.6% of the participants, respectively. Based on the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), 61.9% of the participants had low resilience. A total of 60.9% of the residents had high scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression module (PHQ-9).
Conclusions
We found a high prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among medical and nonmedical residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
Tree dominance shapes soil and tree phyllosphere microbial communities in coniferous and broadleaf deciduous boreal forests
Authors: Rodríguez Juanita C. Rodríguez , Fenton Nicole J. , Bergeron Yves , Kembel Steven W.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:Natural and anthropogenic causes have produced changes in tree dominance from coniferous to broadleaf deciduous forests, generating shifts in litter inputs and plant understory composition. The impact of changes in canopy-associated factors on belowground microbial communities remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to better understand how abiotic and biotic factors in black spruce and trembling aspen forests shape soil microbial community structure.Methods:With high throughput sequencing, we first analyzed differences in microbial communities between microhabitats (tree phyllosphere vs. soil microbiome) and forest types (black spruce vs. trembling aspen). Second, we analyzed how shifts in factors related to each forest type (litter deposition and understory vegetation) affected soil microbial community composition.Results:We found a high microhabitat specificity of bacterial communities interacting with forest type. Shifts in litter deposition and understory vegetation between forest types did not influence microbial community composition, but the legacy effects of each forest type defined soil bacterial and fungal communities. Fungal community composition was more strongly influenced by forest type compared with bacterial communities, and both were correlated with several soil physicochemical properties that differed among forest types.Conclusion:This study expands our knowledge of the microbial composition of tree phyllosphere and soil microbial communities in black spruce and trembling aspen forests and their correlation with abiotic and biotic factors in each forest type. Our study demonstrates the resistance of microorganisms to variation in canopy-related factors and the importance of legacy effects of forest type in defining soil microbial community composition.
Preferred Cataract Surgery Practices in Malaysia: A Survey Based Study
Authors: Wai Yong Zheng , Chong Yong Yuin , Lim Lik Thai , Chan Jan Bond , Chandrasekaran Sudhashini
Published: November 2022

Background:
To describe the preferred cataract surgery practices among Malaysian ophthalmologists and medical officers in comparison with the recommended practices.
Methods:
An online questionnaire was sent out in April 2021, to Malaysian Ophthalmologists and medical officers who perform cataract surgeries. The questions were focused on the preferred cataract surgery practices of the participants. All data obtained were collected, tabulated and analysed.
Results:
A total of 173 participants responded to the online questionnaire. 55% of the participants were within 31-40 years of age. 56.1% preferred peristaltic pump over venturi system. 91.3% of participants practised povidone iodine instillation to the conjunctival sac. With regards to the main wound incision, more than half of the surgeons (50.3%) preferred fixed superior incision and 72.3% of them preferred 2.75mm microkeratome blade. Most of the participants (63%) were inclined towards C-Loop clear intraocular lens (IOL) with a single-handed push preloaded system. 78.6% of the surgeons routinely use carbachol in their cataract surgery.
Conclusions:
This survey provides some insight into the current practices among Malaysian ophthalmologists. Most of the practices are in line with international guidelines for preventing postoperative endophthalmitis. This article could help trainees and ophthalmologists benchmark and observe the common cataract surgery practices among their seniors and peers in Malaysia.
Comparison between double J stent and double J stent combined with pyelostomy in pediatric laparoscopic pyeloplasty:a 5-year clinical experience in a single center
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Yunjin , Wu Changwei , Chen Hong , Cui XU , Zhou Chaoming
Published: November 2022

Objective：To compare the outcome of using a double J(DJ) stent combined with pyelostomy with a DJ stent alone in Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty (LP) for pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).
Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with UPJO treated with LP between January 2017 and November 2021 in our center. According to different postoperative drainage methods patients were divided into a DJ stent group (52 cases) and a DJ stent combined with pyelostomy group (combination group, 41 cases). Operative time, bleeding volume, perirenal drainage stent removal time, and postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, and renal function recovery were compared between the two groups. Renal ultrasound and diuretic renogram (DR) were used for preoperative and postoperative follow-up.
Results: A total of 52 patients were in the DJ stent group and 41 patients in the combination group. The mean hospital stay was 6.46±2.66 days in the DJ stent group and 5.22±1.63 days in the combination group (p<0.05). Postoperative complications developed in 14 out of 52 patients in the DJ stent group(26.9%), while complications developed in 8 out of 41 patients in the combination group (19.5%) (p>0.05). Non-catheter-related complications developed in 10/52 patients in the DJ stent group (19.2%) and only 1/41 patients in the combination group (2.4%) (p<0.05). The renal function and renal cortex thickness in both groups were improved.
Conclusion:A DJ stent combined with pyelostomy can reduced non-catheter related complications,which is conducive to patient recovery after pyeloplastyand,and the hospital stay was significantly shorter than the DJ stent. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the nursing treatment of the pyelostomy tube and guard against the occurrence of pyelostomy tube shedding.
Comparative analysis of wild and domestic carnivore animal hairs.
Authors: Patle Sangeeta , Singh K. P. , Bagchi Divya
Published: November 2022

The present study was conducted to find out the microscopic characteristics and keratin protein pattern of hair of wild and domestic carnivores animals with the objective of species identification. Hairs have ability to remain unchanged chemically and histologically for years. For this study the shredded hair sample of Panther (Panthera pardus), Tiger (Panthera tigris), cat (felis catus), dog (Canis familiaris) were collected from school of wildlife forensic and health NDVSU, Jabalpur, (MP). Medullary pattern and cuticular characters were observed by binocular compound microscope under 40x – 100x magnification. The specific variations were observed in this study among hair color, texture, scale margin, scale distance, and scale pattern and variation in medullary pattern. These parameters of hair analysis play important role species identification.On the basis of microscopic characteristics species identification was done and further confirmed by extraction of keratin protein found between 40-60kDa by SDS-PAGE. The study emphasized that both the microscopic and SDS- PAGE analyses of guard hairs would be useful for recognition of an individual species particularly in forensic uses.
Impact of changing temperature combinations on the biology and life table parameters of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: GURJOT Gurjot kaur , Preetinder Preetinder Singh Sarao , Naveen Naveen Aggarwal
Published: November 2022

Nilaparvata lugens(Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is one of the major insect pests of paddy crop which significantly reduces the quality and quantity of yield. The biology and life table parameters of this pest were studied at five set of controlled temperature combinations as 23:9, 27:12, 33:19, 36:23 and 39:27°C with 75 ± 5 per cent humidity and 14 h photoperiod under laboratory conditions. Different biological parameters like number of days for development, nymph survival, oviposition rate, adult longevity and reproductive parameters ofN. lugenswere influenced at different temperature combinations. Optimum temperature range lies between 27:12°C and 33:19°C as fecundity (102 ± 8.50, 112 ± 3.75), per cent egg hatchability (86.86 ± 1.21, 87.14 ± 1.99) and viability of fifth nymphal instar (57.4 ± 4.02, 58.20 ± 3.76) (mean ± standard error) respectively, were recorded higher than other temperature combinations. Various life table parameters like net reproductive rate, true generation time, true intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, doubling time and weekly multiplication rate of the pest also varied significantly among population at different temperature combinations. The net reproductive rate (163.49) and intrinsic rate of increase (0.1993 females female− 1day− 1) were maximum at 33:19°C. Generation time decreases significantly with increase in temperature. The finite rate of increase was 1.1522, 1.2004, 1.2227, 1.1321 and 1.1300 females female-1day-1at with multiplication rate of 2.8201, 3.5926, 4.2501, 2.3833 and 2.3821, respectively, at 23:9, 27:12, 33:19, 36:23 and 39:27°C temperature combinations. The relatively high values of population growth parameters suggest thatN. lugensthrive well at 33:19°C followed by 27:12°C temperature combinations. In the field conditions when the weather conditions tend to move towards this range of temperature combinations during the crop season, the farmers should be more cautious and frequently monitor the paddy crop to assess economic threshold level of BPH for timely remedial measures.
The Inhibitory Effect of Resina draconis on the Proliferation of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells, and its Mechanism: An Investigation Using Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis
Authors: Lv Yana , Mou Yan , Su Jing , Liu Shifang , Ding Xuan , Yuan Yin , Li Ge , Li Guang
Published: November 2022

Resina draconis(RD), is known as the "holy medicine for promoting blood circulation", which is shown to possess anti-tumor properties in various types of cancer include Breast cancer(BC), however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. To explore the potential mechanism of RD against BC using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Data on bioactive compounds, potential targets of RD, related genes of BC, were obtained from multiple public databases. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis were performed via the DAVID database. The protein interaction was download from STRING database. The mRNA, protein expression levels and survival analysis of the hub targets were analyzed using UALCAN, HPA, Kaplan-Meier Mapper, and cBioPortal databases. Subsequently, molecular docking was used to verify the selected key ingredients and hub targets. Finally, the predicted results of network pharmacology methods were verified by cells experiments. In total, 160 active ingredients were obtained, 148 RD target genes for the treatment of BC were identified. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that RD could exert its therapeutic effects on BC by regulating multiple pathways. Of these, the PI3K-AKT pathway could play an important role. In addition, RD could treat BC by regulating hub targets that were determined with the PPI interaction network. The validation in different databases showed that may AKT1, ESR1, HSP90AA1, CASP3, SRC and MDM2 be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of BC, as well as ESR1, IGF1 and HSP90AA1 were correlated to worse overall survival (OS) in BC. Molecular docking results showed that flavonoids compounds have good binding activity with the hub targets. Therefore, the sanguis draconis flavones (SDF) were selected for subsequent cell experiments. The experimental results showed that SDF significantly inhibits the cell cycle and cell proliferation through the PI3K-AKT pathway and that it can induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. The study has preliminarily discussed the active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of RD against BC; and RD could exert its therapeutic effects on BC by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway and related gene targets. Importantly, our work could provide a theoretical basis for further study on its complex anti-BC mechanism.
Influence of expeditionary liqueur on the formation of foam properties of sparkling wines
Authors: Taranenko V. , Оseledtseva I. , Strukova V.
Published: November 2022

When determining the quality of sparkling wines, first of all, we thought to focus on the assessment of processes of formation of sparkling and frothy properties, as the process of cavitation reveals the relationship with the chemical components, which affects organoleptic indicators. The effect of expeditionary liquor on frothy properties was investigated and it was found that expeditionary liquor directly affects the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide. The control samples were made according to the classical technology of sparkling wine production, including "prise de mousse", due to which the carbon dioxide molecules were promoted and dissolved, increasing the degree of diffusion in the liquid. Such a sparkling wine is characterized by a fine foam and a high pressure index. Foam formation is associated with proteins, as they exhibit the ability to adsorb and unfold at the gas-liquid interface, and foam stability is provided by amino acids due to strong bonds that increase wine viscosity. When expeditionary liqueur was added, the pressure dropped from 7 atmospheres to 4 atmospheres, which allowed the sparkling wine to calm down and stabilize bubble formation, and this is the result of the subtle interaction between dissolved carbon dioxide molecules and tensioactive wine components.
Whole Genome CRISPR Screening Strategy for Identification of Host Genes Contributing to Envelope Mediated Entry of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and VSV-G
Authors: Hossain Md Saddam , Kerkvliet Jason G. , Hoppe Adam D.
Published: November 2022

Background
Understanding the cellular host factors that promote and inhibit viral entry is important for identifying viral countermeasures. CRISPR whole genome screens can be used to rapidly discover host factors that contribute to or impair viral entry. However, when using the live viruses and cellular lethality for selection, these screens identify large numbers of genes without any specificity for the stage of the viral infection cycle. New screening methods are needed to identify host machinery contributing to specific steps of viral infection. Here, we developed a CRISPR whole genome screen and counter screen strategy based on a pseudoviral platform that allowed identification of genes specific to SARS-CoV-2 spike and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein VSV-G mediated entry.
Methods
To focus the screen onto the entry step, we used non-lytic fluorescent reporters in combination with a comparative counter screen strategy to distinguish host genes affecting the pseudoviral reporter from those unique to envelope-mediated entry. Screening of SARS-CoV-2 spike and VSV-G on the same lentiviral pseudovirus allowed identification of entry-specific genes relative to genes associated with retro-transcription, integration, and reporter expression from the lentiviral pseudovirus. Second, a Cre-Gag fusion protein in the pseudovirus was used to bypassed retro-transcription and integration by directly activating a floxed GFP reporter upon entry to reduce the number of gene hits and increase specificity for viral entry.
Results
Our approach correctly identified SARS-CoV-2 and VSV-G receptors ACE2 and LDLR, respectively and distinguished genes associated with retroviral reporter expression from envelope-mediated entry. Moreover, the CRE-Gag fusion/flox reporter increased the screen specificity for viral entry associated genes.
Conclusion
Overall, this approach provides a new strategy for identifying host genes influencing viral entry without the confounding complexity of live-viral screens which produce long gene lists associated with all aspects of viral pathogenesis and replication. This approach provides a pathway for increasing the specificity of CRISPR whole genome screens for identifying host genes contributing to specific steps in viral infection.
Pharmacologic inhibition of IL11/STAT3 signaling increases MHC-I expression and T cell infiltration
Authors: Xiong Wenjun , Chen Yuehong , Zhang Chaoting , Li Jin , Huang Haipeng , Zhu Yu , Deng Guangxu , Cheng Junhong , Lin Yixiong , Shi Zhimin , Mou Tingyu
Published: November 2022

Background
Recent studies have discovered an emerging role IL11 in various colitis-associated cancers, suggesting that IL11 mainly promotes tumor cell survival and proliferation in regulating tumorigenesis. Herein we aim to reveal a novel function of IL-11 through STAT3 signaling in regulating tumor immune evasion.
Results
IL11 is highly expressed in CRC and indicates unfavorable prognosis. IL11 knockout increased CD8 + T cell infiltration and reduced intestinal and colon formation. Tumors were significantly suppressed while MHC-I and CXCL9 expression for CD8+ T infiltration were remarkably increased in the tumor tissues of Apcmin/+/Il11−/− mice or Il11−/− mice induced by AOM/DSS. IL11/STAT3 signaling downregulated MHC-I and CXCL9 by inhibiting IFNγ-induced STAT1 phosphorylation. IL11 mutein competitively inhibit IL11 to upregulate CXCL9 and MHC-I in tumor and attenuated tumor growth.
Conclusions
This study ascribes for a new immunomodulatory role for IL11 during tumor development that is amenable to anti-cytokine based therapy of colon cancer.
Analysis of the direct antiglobulin test for rates of phototherapy among ABO-incompatible newborns
Authors: Gabbay Jonathan , Agneta Elizabeth , Turkington Simon , Bajaj Benjamin , Sinha Bharati , Geha Tanya
Published: November 2022

Objective:
We analyze phototherapy rates after implementation of a Hyperbilirubinemia Clinical Pathway (HCP), which placed ABOi newborns with negative DAT on the low risk phototherapy nomogram, rather than medium risk, as previously done.
Study Design:
A chart review was performed for ABOi newborns born > 36 weeks gestation between January 2020 and October 2021. Primary outcome measures were rates of phototherapy across pre- and post-intervention groups and between DAT negative and DAT positive newborns.
Results:
There were no phototherapy rate differences among the intervention groups, including among DAT negative newborns. DAT positive newborns had increased rates of phototherapy only in the post-intervention group, which was no longer significant when stratified by risk curve.
Conclusions:
Providers adhered to the guidelines, although there were no changes in rates of phototherapy. We show that among ABOi newborns, differing risk curve assignments based on DAT status does not appear to impact rates of phototherapy.
Use of 3-Dimensional Printing at the Point-of-Care to Manage a Complex Wound in Hemifacial Necrotizing Fasciitis: A Case Report
Authors: Nyirjesy Sarah Christine , Judd Ryan T , Alfayez Yazen , Lancione Peter , Swendseid Brian , von Windheim Natalia , Nogan Stephen , Seim Nolan B , VanKoevering Kyle K
Published: November 2022

Background:
Complex facial wounds can be difficult to stabilize due to proximity of vital structures. We present a case in which a patient-specific wound splint was manufactured using computer assisted design and three-dimensional printing at the point-of-care to allow for wound stabilization in the setting of hemifacial necrotizing fasciitis. We also describe the process and implementation of the United States Food and Drug Administration Expanded Access for Medical Devices Emergency Use mechanism.
Case Presentation:
A 58-year-old female presented with necrotizing fasciitis of the neck and hemiface. After multiple debridements, she remained critically ill with poor vascularity of tissue in the wound bed and no evidence of healthy granulation tissue and concern for additional breakdown towards the right orbit, mediastinum, and pretracheal soft tissues, precluding tracheostomy placement despite prolonged intubation. A negative pressure wound vacuum was considered for improved healing, but proximity to the eye raised concern for vision loss due to traction injury. As a solution, under the Food and Drug Administration’s Expanded Access for Medical Devices Emergency Use mechanism, we designed a three-dimensional printed, patient-specific silicone wound splint from a CT scan, allowing the wound vacuum to be secured to the splint rather than the eyelid.
After five days of splint-assisted vacuum therapy, the wound bed stabilized with no residual purulence and developed healthy granulation tissue, without injury to the eye or lower lid. With continued vacuum therapy, the wound contracted to allow for safe tracheostomy placement, ventilator liberation, oral intake, and hemifacial reconstruction with a myofascial pectoralis muscle flap and a paramedian forehead flap one month later. She was eventually decannulated and at six-month follow-up has excellent wound healing and periorbital function.
Conclusions:
Patient-specific, three-dimensional printing is an innovative solution that can facilitate safe placement of negative pressure wound therapy adjacent to delicate structures. This report also demonstrates feasibility of point-of-care manufacturing of customized devices for optimizing complex wound management in the head and neck, and describes successful use of the United States Food and Drug Administration’s Expanded Access for Medical Devices Emergency Use mechanism.
New Records of Hermit Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidae) from the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago in India
Authors: Paul Pranoy , Thiruchitrambalam Ganesh
Published: November 2022

The current work presents hermit crab species inhabiting the intertidal and shallow subtidal region on the coast of south Andaman Islands, along with an updated checklist of hermit crabs from Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) and an identification key for surveyed hermit crabs. Five species of hermit crabs representing two families (Coenobitidae and Diogenidae) under the superfamily Paguroidea were recorded in the intertidal and shallow subtidal regions of the south Andaman Islands. Among the five species, one species of the genusCoenobita, one species of the genusCalcinus, two species of the genusClibanariusand one species of the genusDardanusare reported for the first time from the intertidal habitats of the Andaman Islands. Live coloration and description of several species are described for the first time from this region.
Differential expression patterns of long noncoding RNAs in a pleiomorphic diatom and relation to hyposalinity
Authors: Debit Ahmed , Charton Florent , Pierre-Elies Priscillia , Bowler Chris , de Carvalho Helena Cruz
Published: November 2022

The pennate marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is the only known diatom that has a demonstrated morphological plasticity, occurring in three distinct morphotypes: fusiform, triradiate and oval. Although the morphotypes are interchangeable, the fusiform is the dominant one while both the triradiate and the oval forms are less common, the latter often being associated with stress conditions such as low salinity and solid culture media, amongst others. Previous work has shown the occurrence of long noncoding (lnc)RNAs in P. tricornutum, many of which are expressed under specific stress conditions. Using twelve previously published transcriptomic datasets originating from the three morphotypes of P. tricornutum, we sought to investigate the expression patterns of lncRNAs (lincRNAs and NATs) using pairwise comparisons. We found that, as with protein coding genes, the fusiform and triradiate morphotypes show the least number of differentially expressed lncRNAs between them. Furthermore, differentially expressed lncRNAs cluster according to morphotype, indicating that lncRNAs are not randomly expressed, but rather that they seem to provide a specific (noncoding) transcriptomic signature of the morphotype. Finally, we present evidence to suggest that the major differences in DE genes (both noncoding and coding) between the oval morphotype and the most common fusiform morphotype could be mostly due to the hyposaline culture conditions rather than to the morphotype difference itself.