bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The expression levels of Mir-146b and Mir-221 in thyroid carcinoma tissues and their correlation with malignancy degree
Authors: Tan Dandan , Cui Yan , Bao Jing , Xu Fenlan , Ma Junfeng
Published: October 2020

This experiment aimed to investigate the correlation between the expressions of mir-146b and mir-221 and the proliferation, invasion, and malignancy of tumor cells. For this purpose, 135 patients with thyroid cancer treated in our hospital and 120 patients with non-malignant thyroid cancer in the outpatient clinic were selected as subjects. Fine needle biopsy tissues of the two groups were taken as samples to detect the expression levels of mir-146b and mir-221 in the tissues. The effect of the two microRNA on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells was observed by the transfection of cell lines. The contents of gal-3 and MMP9 in serum were further detected, and their relationship with the expressions of mir-146b and mir-221 was analyzed. The results showed that the expressions of mir-146b and mir-221 were significantly decreased and increased in thyroid carcinoma fine-needle aspiration tissues. Mir-146b inhibited the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, while mir-221 promoted this process. In the more cancer cells, the expression levels of these two genes changed more, and the serum levels of gal-3 and MMP9 also increased. It was concluded that the expression levels of mir-146b and mir-221 were correlated with the degree of tumor malignancy, and the low expression of mir-146b and the high expression of mir-221 were correlated with the proliferation, invasion, and malignancy of thyroid cancer tumor cells.
Epidermolytic acanthoma in a young woman: a case letter
Authors: Zhao Peng , Qin Xiaowei , Qin Junxia , Chen Lifang
Published: October 2020

Epidermolytic acanthoma (EA) is a rare benign tumor that is characterized by epidermolytic hyperkeratosis on histopathology. It usually presents in adulthood as an asymptomatic tumor <1 cm in diameter with a verrucous surface. We report a very uncommon case of epidermolytic acanthoma. A 21-year-old woman came to our hospital with a pale black papule on the left lower eyelid near the Inner canthus for 2 months. Two months ago the patient noted a pale brown spot on the inside of the left lower eyelid, which gradually enlarged, forming a papule with a deepened color. There were no associated symptoms, such as itching or pain. There were no local injuries, scratches, or other incidents before the crash occurred. The patient was always healthy, with no history of chronic disease or other skin diseases, and no similar cases existed in the family. We diagnosed it as EA.
Typhus in Buchenwald: Can the Story Be Told?
Authors: Löwy Ilana
Published: October 2020

Ludwik Fleck is known today primarily as pioneer in the social study of scientific knowledge. However, during World War II he was a prisoner in Buchenwald, where he and other prisoners produced a typhus vaccine for the Nazis, and where he witnessed murderous experiments on human beings. After WW2, Fleck was accused by one of the prisoners who had participated in the vaccine production at Buchenwald of collaborating, either deliberately or due to lack of imagination, with the Nazi experiments. This article critically examines this accusation and its well-documented rebuttal by Fleck. It argues that while sometimes, especially when dealing with emotionally fraught issues, it may be difficult to establish what precisely took place at a given time and site, it is important to restore the original complexity and messiness of past events – in order to open spaces for understanding, reflexivity and compassion.
Of Luck Both Epistemic and Moral in Questions of Doping and Non-Doping
Authors: Kirkwood Kenneth William
Published: October 2020

This article is a case study of a question of possible doping and how our insights into our moral judgements about doping are subject to considerations of both moral, but more presciently, epistemic luck. The eternal ambiguity surrounding the prevalence of doping, and its impact on high-level sport make this question entirely relevant for our discussions about the ethics of performanceenhancement in sport.
Providing Education and Welfare Opportunities for Syrian Children Near Conflict Zone
Authors: Burcu Guner Pinar
Published: October 2020

The article aims to 1) focus on welfare opportunities near the conflictzone in Turkey. Providing a good life for children under every condition belongs tothe responsibilities of both, national and international communities. The CapabilityApproach Theory seems to promote such responsibilities at best. However, theTurkish example does not show effects as satisfactory as the German examplewith Turkish migrant children, which is discussed in this article and illustratedwith research findings provided by the author.
An Empirical Study on the Core Competencies of College Counselors in China
Authors: Shibang Long , Shaogang Yang , Huiyi Chen
Published: October 2020

From the perspective of empirical research, this paper conducts a specificstudy on the core competencies of college counselors. 450 participants from 4universities participated the research. A questionnaire of college counselors’ corecompetencies from the aspects of the design of open questionnaire was designedand implemented, a predictive questionnaire was tested and analyzed, and aformal questionnaire was implemented. The results of the formal questionnaireshow that component one mainly concerns ideological awareness and values,component two mainly concerns professional ethics, moral accomplishment,quality, character and attitude, while component three refers to various abilities atwork, and component four involves professional and cultural knowledge. Throughanalysis and discussion, it is concluded that the key elements of college counselors’core competencies include values, moral quality, vocational ability and culturalknowledge, and a structural model of their core competencies is constructed.
GIDA SEÇİM TARZLARINA GÖRE TÜKETİCİLERİN SÜT VE SÜT ÜRÜNLERİ SATIN ALMA DAVRANIŞLARININ İNCELENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖNCÜL Melike , SEKMAN Yusuf , KINIKLI Filiz , ARTUKOĞLU Metin
Published: October 2020

Satın alma davranışı sosyal, kültürel, psikolojik ve kişisel faktörlerden etkilendiğinden dolayı, kişiler homojen özellik göstermemektedirler. Bu çalışmada gıda seçim tarzlarına göre gruplara ayrılan tüketicilerin süt ve süt ürünleri satın alma davranışları incelenmiştir. İzmir ili merkez ilçelerde yapılan anketler ile 300 tüketiciden elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Tüketicilerin gıda seçim tarzlarının belirlenmesi için Gıda Seçimi Soru Formu (Food Choice Questionnaire) kullanılmıştır. Tüketicileri gruplandırmak amacı ile kümeleme analizi uygulanmış ve tüketiciler üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, sağlıklı ve ekonomik tüketicilerin süt ve süt ürünleri harcamalarının daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Tüketiciler süt ve süt ürünlerinin ambalajlı olmasına dikkat etmekte ve ambalajda son kullanma tarihinin yazmasını önemsemektedirler. Genel olarak süpermarketlerden alışveriş yapan tüketiciler süt ve süt ürünleri satın alırken plansız satın alma eğilimindedirler.
Género y proceso organizativo: identidades colectivas comunitarias en la Región de Occidente, Costa Rica
Authors: Tasies Castro Esperanza
Published: October 2020

El contenido de este artículo expone y discute los resultados de una investigación cuyo interés se centra en los procesos organizativos que desarrollan las mujeres en espacios comunitarios de la Región de Occidente, en Costa Rica. Como resultado de este esfuerzo se ha generado una tipología de estas organizaciones comunitarias distinguiendo las relaciones entre fines y medios que establecen estratégicamente estos grupos. Por tratarse de un enfoque cualitativo, cuyo interés es la generación de teoría formal, también se ha construido una conceptualización y contextualización del proceso organizativo y las identidades colectivas que explican la existencia de 41 organizaciones comunitarias de mujeres en cinco cantones de la Región de Occidente.
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT FOR ADAPTED PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Terzieva Galena
Published: October 2020

The children with special educational needs are educated in a friendly environment in kindergarden and in primary school icluding during gym classes.
The aim of this study is to analyze the level of development of prfessional competency of future kindergarten and primary school teachers for adapted education during gym classes. To analyze the methods of didactical testing, resolving of casus and pedagogical observation were applied.
After completing specialized training the students from “Pre-school and primary school pedagogy” major developd sufficient level of competency for inclusion of children with physical disabilities in the educational process during gym classes.
Freedom and life satisfaction in transition
Authors: Okulicz-Kozaryn Adam
Published: October 2020

Freedom and life satisfaction are desirable conditions and they both have a special meaning in Eastern Europe — transition was largely about gaining freedom and ultimately overall wellbeing. There are several studies about the effect of freedom on life satisfaction, but none of them focuses on Eastern Europe. I investigate the effect of self-reported freedom on life satisfaction in post-transition Eastern Europe using the World Values Survey. Surprisingly, East Europeans feel less free and less satisfied with their lives than other nationals. But a personal feeling of freedom increases their life satisfaction at a higher rate than in other countries. Freedom is a strong predictor of life satisfaction as compared to national income.
Hungary’S U-Turn
Authors: Kornai János
Published: October 2020

For two decades Hungary, like the other Eastern European countries, followed a general policy of establishing and strengthening the institutions of democracy, rule of law, and a market economy based on private property. However, since the elections of 2010, when Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz party came to power, Hungary has made a dramatic U-turn. This article investigates the different spheres of society: political institutions, the rule of law, and the influence of state and market on one another, as well as the world of ideology (education, science and art), and describes the U-turn’s implications for these fields and the effect it has on the life of people. It argues against the frequent misunderstandings in the interpretation and evaluation of the Hungarian situation, pointing out some typical intellectual fallacies. It draws attention to the dangers of strengthening nationalism, and to the ambivalence evident in Hungarian foreign policy, and looks into the relationship between Hungary and the Western world, particularly the European Union. Finally, it outlines the possible scenarios resulting from future developments in the Hungarian situation.
Relations between China and Latin America: Inter-regionalism beyond the Triad
Authors: Lehoczki Bernadett
Published: October 2020

Inter-regionalism refers to regular forms of cooperation between regions or actors from different regions and is a result of the parallel phenomena of globalization and regionalism. Inter-regional links are rapidly developing all around the world and form a new level of global governance. Though originally inter-regionalism typically connected the actors of the so-called Triad, today emerging economies and developing regions are more active and visible participants of inter-regional cooperation. The article examines the perspectives and limitations of inter-regional relations between China and Latin America as a new dimension of deepening Sino—Latin American relations.
Trade in Central and Eastern European countries ten years after their EU accession — Is there convergence?
Authors: Grančay Martin , Šumilo Ērika , Vveinhardt Jolita
Published: October 2020

The paper focuses on the effects of EU’s Eastern Enlargement of 2004 on trade convergence within the EU and among the new member states from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE-8). Using sigma-convergence approach, it finds evidence of convergence of exports and imports per capita as well as of productivity levels associated with the member states’ export baskets. Convergence of territorial and commodity structures of trade has not occurred; conversely, divergence has been observed, leading to the possible conclusion that multinational companies have adjusted their production structure in facilities across the EU to achieve higher economies of scale. Correlation analysis shows that revealed comparative advantages of the old and new member states have come closer to each other. As an example, the paper also offers a brief comparison of trade development in two CEE-8 countries, Latvia and Slovakia, after their entry into the EU.
Cost of illness in benign prostatic hyperplasia: A review
Authors: Kovács Ágnes
Published: October 2020

The paper provides a systematic review on the cost-of-illness studies in an age-associated condition with high prevalence, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), published in Medline between 2005 and 2015. Overall 11 studies were included, which were conducted in 8 countries. In the US, the annual direct medical costs per patient ranged from $255 to $5,729, while in Europe from €253 to €1,251. In 2008, in the UK total annual direct medical costs of BPH were £180.8 million at national level. In the US, overall costs of BPH management in the private sector were estimated at $3.9 billion annually, of which $500 million was attributable to productivity loss (year 1999). Due to demographic factors and possible surgical innovations in the field of urology, the costs of BPH are likely to increase in the future. Over the next decade the age of retirement is projected to rise, consequently, the indirect costs related to aging-associated conditions such as BPH are expected to soar. To promote the transparent and cost-effective management of BPH, development of rational clinical guidelines would be essential that may lead to significant improvement in quality of care as well as reduction in healthcare expenditure.
Tax policy changes after the crisis. The rise of bank taxes
Authors: Pesuth Tamás
Published: October 2020

Seldom does public attention follow taxation as it does now. As a result of the global economic crisis, due to the fiscal consolidations, taxation plays an increasingly important role within financial policy. The emergence and the extensive spread of taxes on the financial sector is one of the consequences of the global economic crisis. This paper deals with some theoretical connections of this change in taxation.
A fair tax (system) or an ethical taxpayer?
Authors: Bánfi Tamás
Published: October 2020

An interpretation of fairness based on the equal sacrifice principle is not clear; three taxation rules can be derived from it. Instead of searching for a fair tax system, ethical behavior of the taxpayer should be expected and set as a target. Ethical taxation can be encouraged and the propensity to pay taxes could be reinforced by abolishing the secrecy of individual and family tax returns, setting restrictions on cash operations which are associated with corruption, and gradually eliminating tax havens and offshore areas.
Tax incentives applied against externalities: International examples of fat tax and carbon tax
Authors: Kutasi Gábor , Perger Júlia
Published: October 2020

This study assesses the Pigou taxes introduced as a response to negative externalities in practice. The authors analyze the international practice and effectiveness of taxation on food products harmful to health and on carbon emissions harmful to the environment and, in relation to these two types of taxes, the focus is on the opportunities and the factors reducing efficiency.
Changes in tax structures in European Union Member States
Authors: Takács Vera , Máté Ákos , Nagy Sándor Gyula
Published: October 2020

The European Union does not have a comprehensive common tax policy and substantial changes in this specialized policy area are not likely in the foreseeable future. Albeit common rules, requirements, minimum rates for certain tax types were implemented in the last few decades, they barely limit the Member States in using their tax policies as one of the worthiest elements of their arsenal in increasing competitiveness or quite the contrary, to undermining their own international competitiveness inadvertently through a misguided tax policy. In this article, we put the tax policies of the Visegrad Group and the Eurozone core countries (Germany, Austria and the Netherlands), as well as changes in these policies under the magnifying glass, in terms of the impact of tax structure changes on economic growth and employment in the last decade.
Testing sovereign contagion via changes of CDS price in European debt crisis
Authors: Hieu Duong Thi
Published: October 2020

Much empirical research has been carried out to test the presence of contagion in European sovereign debt crisis since the beginning of 2010. In this paper I will consider contagion as a change in the transmission mechanism of shock, illustrating co-movement among the sovereign credit default swap (CDS) markets of seven European countries and the UK from November 2008 up until June 2013. By examining daily pricing data of the five-year sovereign CDS contracts of these countries, I found a large increase in the volatility in the period of crisis, and hence a correlation test is invalid, but parametric method with GARCH residual time series and quantile regression approach are applicable. The first test modelling time series’ residuals by GARCH formula shows no contagion. In the second method, slope equality tests analyse the stability in linear relationship among markets across quantile and find no evidence of contagion. This final result of no contagion during the debt crisis suggests that the reason of the sovereign risk’s propagation is the conventional interdependence among countries, not the greatness of the shock.
Survival of new private enterprises in transition economies: The case of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyet Nguyen Thi
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on determinants of survival of new private firms in the manufacturing sector in a transition economy, Vietnam, during the period 2000–2007. A semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard model is applied with a comprehensive specification of firm-specific, industrial and macroeconomic factors. There is strong evidence in market selection that labour productivity is the most important internal factor supporting firm survival. Other evidence is that firms with higher profitability in terms of profit per employee will have higher survival probability. For private firms, in terms of start-up factors, although total assets increase the probability of survival, total sales decrease it. Besides, industries which have increasing numbers of employees open favourable opportunities for new private firms. Furthermore, the macroeconomic factor, GDP, significantly supports the development of private firms.
Symbolic consumption in the case of brand communities
Authors: Prónay Szabolcs , Hetesi Erzsébet
Published: October 2020

The idea of symbolic consumption is based on the assumption that consumption is more than just functional problem solving: products and brands have significant meanings; therefore, they can be utilized as symbols in the cultural ecosystem. However, grasping the meaning of a specific brand can be confusing because it would presume knowledge about the brand as a symbol shared by the customers. We review the contradicting findings in the literature about the symbolic meaning of brands, and we initiate a new reference point in order to dissolve the above mentioned conflict. According to our understanding, the symbolic meaning of a brand shall be examined in the context of specific brand communities and not in general. We suggest that limiting the scope of research to brands with brand communities resolves several limitations of symbolic consumption studies focusing on general issues. Our theoretical model distinguishes the different types of brand communities based on their main cohesive force. In the model, at one end we find image based brand communities where the brand image is the main cohesive force, while at the other end we find brand-subcultures where the members are more committed to each other than to the brand.
How efficiently are the EU countries coping with the discrepancy between economic and environmental goals
Authors: Grochová Ladislava Issever , Myšková Kateřina
Published: October 2020

With growing evidence of natural resource depletion and environmental pollution, environmental issues became complementary to economic goals. Reduction of negative effects of human activities on the environment while enhancement of the use of alternative and renewable resources are now required together with satisfactory economic performance. The European Union made declarations to follow these goals in the Lisbon Strategy and consequently in the Strategy 2020. This paper examines to what extent these goals are fulfilled vis-à-vis EU member countries. Specifically, by performing Data Envelopment Analysis we provide an alternative way of assessing the ability of the individual EU countries to achieve these objectives. This ability is represented by relative efficiency scores of the EU members which reflect both economic and environmental goals. The paper finds that Denmark, Luxembourg, and Sweden are the most efficient countries, and also identifies the areas to be improved by the inefficient countries to reach the frontier.
The effects of increased VAT rates applied in the EU member states in 2014
Authors: David Petr
Published: October 2020

The European Union countries tend to strongly prefer indirect taxes. This tendency results in the increase of the value added tax rate. In the economic reality, the legal burden of the consumption tax is distorted and it consequently leads to distribution and shift to other entities participating in market transactions. The aim of the paper is twofold. First, to determine the primary value of the relative distribution of the burden on the seller and the buyer. Second, to adjust it for those values which suggest that the increase in the tax burden may result in a reduction in sales prices. Furthermore, the paper aims to follow the conservative approach for determining the minimum values of the shift of the tax burden onto the consumer. The strict determination of the limits of burden distribution is presented within the limits of the actual tax burden. Finally, the partial shift of the increased tax burden onto consumers in the minimum amount of 1/3 is identified together with a significant negative correlation between the size of change of the tax burden and the rate of shift of the tax burden.
Investigation of Biocatalytic Absorption and Ultrasound-Assisted Desorption Performance of CO2 Capture
Authors: YÜKSEL ORHAN Özge
Published: October 2020

The CO2 absorption-desorption performance of non-aqueous solutions comprising a sterically hindered amine system (2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (AEPD): 1-hexanol) was investigated in a gas-liquid stirred cell reactor under sequential absorption-desorption cycles. The absorption capacity and initial absorption rate were calculated for different concentrations of AEPD: 1-hexanol at 303 K and 2 bar absolute pressure. Increasing the amount of AEPD increased the CO2 absorption capacity. The biocatalytic effect of a constant amount of carbonic anhydrase (CA) on the CO2 absorption performance was also investigated, and the CA enzyme was found to increase the total amount of absorbed CO2. The CO2 loading of AEPD: 1-hexanol and CA activated AEPD: 1-hexanol were 0.88 and 0.97 mol CO2/mol AEPD, respectively. CO2 desorption experiments were performed in different sequences of the same experimental set-up at 363 K and 1.1 bar absolute N2 pressure. The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the desorption performance of 0.1 g/L CA catalyzed AEPD: 1-hexanol system was also investigated. It was observed that ultrasonic assistance shortened the desorption time and enhanced the desorption rate. Furthermore, the effectiveness of regeneration, the reusability, and performance loss of AEPD: 1-hexanol, in the presence and absence of CA, were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.
Local Self-Governments as New Actors in the International Stage. The Scope of the Issue
Authors:   University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Faliński Stanisław
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to present, in a short and a synthetic form, self-governments as new actors on the international arena. Discussed are the genesis and the development of this new international activities being undertaken by local residential areas such as the “twinning movement” and the programme for establishing “sister cities”. Briefly described are the key international organizations focused on the local self-governance. Discussed is also, in a relative detail, is the cooperation of the Polish self-governance entities with local self-governance partners within the international sphere. The author concludes by attempting to define the scope and importance of the international cooperation of local self-governance entities in general and its impact on the individual participating partners.
Wrocław Civic Budget. Social Innovation Adapted in Polish Local Government
Authors:   University of Wrocław, Madej Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

The paper explores Wrocław Civic Budget in the context of procedures and impact. It reviews various data to present different aspects of this process: number of projects submitted and implemented, citizens’ participation in the selection process, geographical distribution of the implemented projects and their contents, showing the significant fall in the citizens’ interest in the process after two years of its implementation. The paper aims to analyze whether the project in its current form actually succeeds in activating the citizens’ and involving them in the local decision-making on one hand, and changing the city on the other. The effectiveness of participatory budgeting in Wrocław is explored, considering such criteria as reliability, impact, activation and innovativeness. The data reveal both the successes and drawbacks of Wrocław Civic Budget, allowing for presentation of recommendations.
The “Golden Rule” as a New Financial Management Tool for Local Governments
Authors:   Polish Academy of Science, Błażuk Katarzyna , Czernicki Przemysław ,   University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce
Published: October 2020

The implementation of the so-called “golden rule” regarding the fiscal management of the sub-sector of the local-self-government (LSG) constituted a reaction to the growth of the debt within the sector of public finances and an attempt to curb the LSG deficit. In this manner the Legislator wanted to balance the budget regarding operating revenues and the operating expenditures and to allow for the use of public loans, thus permitting the generation of the debt only in regard to capital expenditures. The authors of the article evaluate the validity of introducing the new regulations, subjecting the “golden rule” to a positive critique and forming requirements for changes and improvements based on solutions to this problem utilized in other countries. An empiric data is presented that shows the consequences of overloading the LSG with the effects of the growing level of public debt in a situation when the responsibility for the majority of the debt (more than 90%) rests with the public governance at the government level. The authors also put forth the thesis that the implementation of the more restrictive rules on the central level is also necessary to optimize the entire system of public finances.
Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cinnamomi in avocado seedlings and effect of pathogen inoculum concentration and substrate flooding periods on root rot and development of the plants
Authors: Fischer Ivan Herman , Sampaio Aloísio Costa , Bertani Rosemary Marques de Almeida , Gonçalves Bruno Henrique Leite , Feichtenberger Eduardo
Published: October 2020

Abstract The present study evaluated the aggressiveness of Phytophthora cinnamomi isolates and the effect of pathogen inoculum concentration and periods of substrate flooding on root rot and plant development. Twelve pathogen isolates were inoculated on the collar region of avocado seedlings with or without wounding. Only 31.3% of the inoculated plants without wounding developed lesions, compared to 100% of the plants with wounding, while the isolates showed different aggressiveness levels. Avocado seedlings had their substrate inoculated with 0, 0.1% and 1.0% (m/v) wheat seeds colonized by the pathogen per pot, and four periods of 0, 12 and 24 h substrate flooding were produced at fortnightly intervals. The assessed parameters were number of leaves per plant, collar diameter, plant height, leaf area index, visual severity percentage of infected roots, fresh mass (%) of diseased roots and dry mass of shoot and roots. Both pathogen inoculation and substrate flooding caused root rot; however, combination of these two factors produced an additional effect on disease symptoms. Root rot severity was superior to 50% when soilless substrate had 0.1% (m/v) P. cinnamomi inoculum and flooded for 12-24 h after inoculation, conditions that can be recommended for pathogenicity and disease control studies using potted avocado plants.
Os Escaravelhos e o Tempo
Authors: Gonçalves Marcos Paulo Gomes
Published: October 2020

Resumo Estudar os fatores temporais na flutuação populacional dos escaravelhos é fundamental para compreensão de sua variação ao longo do ano. Assim, analisou-se relação entre tempo e flutuação populacional de escarabeídeos em Mata de Cocal, no município de Teresina-PI, no período de agosto de 2011 a julho de 2012. Semanalmente, coletaram-se escaravelhos em 12 armadilhas pitfall, sem atrativos. Confirmou-se correlação canônica entre o conjunto do registro da ocorrência mensal da flutuação populacional das espécies de Scarabaeidae e o conjunto dos dados mensais da insolação, da precipitação pluviométrica, da umidade relativa do ar e da temperatura média, com magnitude de 1, Qui-Quadrado igual a 390,15, com 40 graus de liberdade e o correspondente p-valor igual a < 0,0001. Significativamente (p < 0,0001), houve correlação canônica entre os dados da insolação (0,31), da precipitação pluviométrica (0,26), da umidade (0,03) e da temperatura (-0,16) ao conjunto dos registros da ocorrência mensal da flutuação populacional de escaravelhos. Desse modo, a flutuação populacional de determinadas espécies de escaravelhos, precipuamente, Coprophanaeus jasius (0,47; p < 0,0001), Deltochilum sp. (0,32; p < 0,0001) e Dichotomius nisus (0,48; p < 0,0001), é estacional e condicionada por parâmetros meteorológicos, principalmente, insolação.
Avaliação de Degradação e Mudanças Ambientais na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Ipanema
Authors: Oliveira José Diorgenes Alves , Moura Geber Barbosa de Albuquerque , Nascimento Cristina Rodrigues , Lopes Pabrício Marcos Oliveira , Nóbrega Ranyere Silva
Published: October 2020

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar e avaliar os diferentes graus de susceptibilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Alto Ipanema, onde fazem parte os municípios de Arcoverde e Pesqueira no estado de Pernambuco, à variabilidade climática e ao processo de degradação. Foram utilizados nesta pesquisa os dados de precipitação mensal da série histórica (1962 a 2015) para a realização do cálculo do índice de anomalia de chuva (IAC), considerando as médias temporais das precipitações locais, para a determinação dos períodos secos e úmidos. Foram estimados parâmetros biofísicos para a detecção de mudanças ambientais na bacia hidrográfica, aplicando componentes do algoritmo SEBAL por meio da utilização de imagens dos satélites Landsat 5-TM e 8-OLI/TIRS. Os resultados apresentaram uma predominância de IAC negativos para a variabilidade interanual com pontos de inflexão mais extremos nos anos chuvosos, que mostra toda a bacia hidrográfica com índice de anomalia entre seco e chuvoso. Percebe-se a existência de fortes indícios da influência da ocorrência dos fenômenos de El Niño e La Niña, em conjunto ou não das fases positivas e negativas do Dipolo do Atlântico, nos eventos de secas e chuvas na bacia. Com os parâmetros biofísicos analisados, foi identificado que a porção noroeste da bacia apresenta áreas de solos expostos com um grau de susceptibilidade à degradação.
Justiça de pares: Os árbitros e os litígios de comércio no reformismo ilustrado português
Authors: SLEMIAN Andrea
Published: October 2020

Resumo Este artigo analisa a presença dos árbitros (louvados, na tradição portuguesa) nos litígios comerciais a partir das medidas tomadas pelo reformismo ilustrado português. Primeiramente, discutimos como eles eram concebidos e de que forma foram atingidos pela discussão de uma concepção moderna de justiça. Em segundo lugar, sua atuação nos litígios que envolviam comerciantes, especificamente entre aqueles que tiveram recursos encaminhados à Junta de Comércio. Nossa hipótese é que, ao representarem uma justiça entre pares (leigos), os árbitros reforçariam um discurso ilustrado anti-formalista em relação à justiça, bem como seu sentido corporativo, sendo utilizados com funções específicas e em momentos distintos nos pleitos.
Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of rDNA for identifying Trichogramma species and evaluating genetic diversity
Authors: Viana J. B. V. , Querino R. B. , Carvalho L. C. B. , Lima P. S. C.
Published: October 2020

Abstract Species of Trichogramma Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammtidae) are frequently used as biological control agents against Lepidoptera, but practical application of these egg endoparasitoids are complicated because of their complex taxonomy. This study aimed to compare sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS2-rDNA) of Trichogramma accessions with those deposited in GenBank in order to access the reliability of the ITS2 as a barcode for discriminating species and evaluating the genetic diversity. ITS2-rDNA sequences obtained from seventeen specimens of Trichogramma confirmed previous identifications based on morphological characteristics. Multiple sequence alignment revealed the existence of highly conserved regions in ITS2 sequences while the neighbour-joining dendrogram indicated that the specimens formed three clusters comprising T. manicobai and T. marandobai (group I), T. galloi (group II) and T. pretiosum (group III). The ITS2 marker was shown to be a powerful DNA barcode for discriminating Trichogramma species and could be used to complement the morphological approach.
Creole seeds and power relations in agriculture: Interfaces between Biopower and social agency
Authors: Campos Michele Laffayett de , Soglio Fábio Kessler Dal
Published: October 2020

Abstract The present study deals with the issue of Creole seeds from two approaches: Biopower in Biopolitics by Michel Foucault and Norman Long ‘s Actor - Oriented Perspective (POA). The objective is to relate the concept of Biopower to the global scenario of appropriation, privatization and commodification of the seeds and to discuss the contributions and fragilities of this theoretical reference, presenting the POA as a complementary approach to support these discussions. This work demonstrated that the application of the two approaches in the study of this thematic, can present novel interpretive and analytical. Experiences of networks of actors that mobilize the conservation of creole seeds, prove the social agency and dynamics against the global dictates. These are experiences that stand in the face of the tax and socio-technical standards processes for the use of commercial seeds and justify the choice of the POA as a complete approach to Biopower.
Mercury-Based Mining in Yanomami Indigenous Lands and Accountabilities
Authors: Ramos Alan Robson Alexandrino , Oliveira Keyty Almeida de , Rodrigues Francilene dos Santos
Published: October 2020

Abstract Mercury-based gold exploitation in Amazonian indigenous lands is illegal and leads to socio-environmental impacts. Yanomami people living near mining areas in Uraricoera River are exposed to contamination by mercury, which is a metal with bioaccumulation properties. The aims of the current study are to analyze the interdisciplinary nature of mercury-based placer mining carried out in Yanomami Indigenous Land, Roraima State, as well as to evaluate State agencies’ responses to this phenomenon. Based on bibliographical and documentary survey of qualitative approach, which involved Yanomami’s accounts, as well as police, administrative and judicial procedures implemented from 2013 to 2017, it was possible perceiving intense use of mercury in, and damages caused by, this illicit activity, as well as insufficient state action. There are divergences between protection and responsibilities described in the Brazilian legal system and the herein investigated illegal phenomenon, which violates indigenous rights, as well as scientific and ethical imperatives that can lead to the end of the world and of the Yanomami people.
Monitoring Human Activities in the Tamoios Ecological Station - Rio de Janeiro: Management Challenges
Authors: Cardoso Carolina Delfante de Pádua , Formiga-Johnsson Rosa Maria , Lima Régis Pinto de , Campos Rodrigo de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

Abstract This study aimed to understand the dynamics of anthropic uses in the marine protected area of the Tamoios Ecological Station (ESEC Tamoios), in order to provide subsidies for management and mitigation of conflicts. This work performed an exploratory application of single factor analysis of variance models pertaining to records of human activities obtained through 330 monitoring campaigns carried out between 2008 and 2016, specifically data sets on tourism, traffic and fishing uses. Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities as well as the intensity of their occurrence allowed us to indicate the most conflicting areas of the ESEC Tamoios and priorities for strengthening management. It was concluded that more agreement measures were needed for traditional activities such as small-scale fishing and other management measures for activities highly incompatible with ESEC to be agreed upon between the stakeholders.
Comparative study of sensation and repercussion of tinnitus on the quality of life and craniocervical posture in teachers
Authors: Mendes Marina Stephany Bobroff , Doi Marcelo Yugi , Marchiori Vitoria de Moraes , Furlanetto Karina Couto , Marchiori Luciana Lozza de Moraes
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify whether there is a correlation between tinnitus sensation and repercussion on the quality of life and craniocervical posture in teachers, participating in the Pró-Mestre project. Methods: a cross-sectional study with a sample of 90 teachers, mean age of 47.70 years, who responded to the Craniocervical Dysfunction Index (CDI), to verify the craniocervical posture, the analog visual scale (AVS), and the Portuguese adaptation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), to investigate tinnitus and its impact on the quality of life. Appropriate statistical tests were applied, by adopting a significance level lower than 0.05. Results: out of the 90 teachers, 18 (20%) had tinnitus. There was a statistically significant difference between the sensation of tinnitus, according to the AVS and the craniocervical posture (CDI) in teachers (p <0.001). There was also an association between tinnitus complaint and right-rotation range of motion, with age and right lateral tilt being independent factors, regarding teachers' tinnitus sensation. In the correlation of the THI (total and domains), there was an association with cervical mobility, only in the left inclination. Conclusion: since a statistically significant difference was found between the subjective sensation of tinnitus and the craniocervical posture with a correlation between tinnitus sensation and repercussion on the quality of life and craniocervical posture in teachers, these aspects should be considered in the assessment of teachers presented with tinnitus, as well as further studies with a population of teachers, healthy adults, in order to increase the knowledge on the subject.
List of words to evaluate speech perception: recording and verification of applicability
Authors: Ciscare Grace Kelly de Souza Seixas , Zabeu Julia Speranza , Santos Djane Rosa dos , Morettin-Zupelari Marina , Delgado-Pinheiro Eliane Maria Carrit , Frederigue-Lopes Natália Barreto
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Purpose: to record the “List of Words to Evaluate the Speech Perception of Children with Hearing Loss” which is standardized for live speech presentation and verify its clinical applicability. Methods: recording: acoustic standards were used, three recordings of each word and analysis by judges. The list was recorded in silence at 60 decibels (dB) and signal noise relation of +10 dB. Participants: 30 children in the age range from five years to 10 years and 11 months, with no auditory and language disorders. The procedure was performed in live and recorded speech. Wilcoxon’s, paired t and Spearman’s correlation coefficient tests (p-value significantly less or equal to 0.05), were applied. Results: the comparison of performance for recognition of words and phonemes between live and recorded speech resulted in a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05), in all conditions analyzed. The results were higher in the silence condition. There was no statistically significant difference between the time of application in the recorded speech when compared in silence and noise (p=0.064). Conclusion: the recording and application of the procedure that analyzes recognition of phonemes and words proved to be viable in recorded speech in silence and noise.
Genetic differentiation through dispersal and isolation in two freshwater fish species from coastal basins of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Abreu João Marcelo S. , Waltz Brandon T. , Albert James S. , Piorski Nivaldo M.
Published: October 2020

Abstract The coastal basins in Northeastern Brazil used in this study make up two different ecoregions for freshwater fishes (Amazonas estuary and coastal drainages, and Parnaiba) and two areas of endemism for Characiformes (Maranhão and Parnaíba), and exhibits a diversified yet poorly explored freshwater fish fauna. The population structure and biogeography of two migratory freshwater fish species that are commercially exploited from Maranhão and Parnaíba regions were herein analyzed. Molecular sequence data and statistical analyses were used to estimate haplotypes networks and lineage divergence times and correlated with hydrographic history of drainage and paleodrainages of the region. A total of 171 sequences was produced for both species, Schizodon dissimilis (coI, n = 70) and Prochilodus lacustris (D-loop, n = 101). All analyses identified the presence of three genetically delimited groups of S. dissimilis and six groups of P. lacustris. The lineage time analyses indicate diversification among these species within the past 1 million year. The results indicate the influence of geodispersal in the formation of the ichthyofauna in the studied area through headwater stream capture events and reticulated connections between the mouths of rivers along the coastal plain due to eustatic sea level fluctuations.
Abordagem de segurança alimentar nutricional nos currículos das universidades federais brasileiras: principais enfoques
Authors: Lisbôa Célia M. Patriarca , Fonseca Alexandre Brasil
Published: October 2020

Resumo O nutricionista é um profissional importante para a promoção da saúde individual e coletiva, tendo em vista a realização da segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN), que focaliza o direito humano à alimentação adequada (DHAA) e se constitui estratégia de ações e políticas que pautam o próprio DHAA, a soberania alimentar e o enfoque sistêmico. Nesse sentido, a formação do nutricionista deve incluir conteúdos que subsidiem a sua tarefa de promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável, comprometida com os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde, na perspectiva da SAN. Este estudo analisou 27 projetos pedagógicos do curso de nutrição de universidades federais das cinco regiões do país, visando identificar como a SAN aparece nos currículos e se constitui elemento para a construção do perfil profissional. A análise evidenciou que, apesar de a maioria estar em consonância com as orientações das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais em relação ao perfil esperado para o egresso, o tema é abordado por um número restrito de disciplinas, apontando baixa representatividade dos conteúdos de SAN em relação a outros conteúdos disciplinares. Conclui-se que o fortalecimento do tema na formação refletirá na atuação do profissional engajado e comprometido com a sua realização no cotidiano.
CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS WITH LOW BACK PAIN IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: RODRIGUES RUY DA SILVA , SIQUEIRA EDUARDO BASTOS DE , BRITO LEANDRO GOMES , FAGUNDES RUDY LENK , RIBEIRO CAIO TANNUS VIANNA
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the daily practice in an emergency service and to provide relevant data for future studies about the treatment of low back pain from the perspective of emergency medicine. Methods Analysis of hospital records and review of medical records. Results 2,434 patients were attended between January 1 and December 31, 2017 with the complaint of low back pain. Radiographs of the spine were performed in 15.7% of patients and computerized tomography scans in 7.6%. Eighty-five patients required hospitalization, with a mean hospital stay of 8.3 days. The rate of use was 52.7% for tricyclic or antiepileptic drugs and 12% for strong opioids among hospitalized patients. Conclusions A high prevalence of low back complaints was observed in the emergency care service (4.6% of total emergency room visits during the year), with low hospitalization potential. The rates of hospitalization and tomographic examinations were higher than those observed in similar studies, with a lower proportion of radiograph and strong opioid use as compared with the same studies. The paucity of national and international data for more in-depth comparisons makes clear the need for further studies and development of new recommendations specifically targeting this subset of patients. Level of evidence IV; Prognostic studies.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE LUMBAR ARTHRODESIS AND PERCUTANEOUS PEDICLE SCREWS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: BENITES VINICIUS DE MELDAU , SPARAPANI FABIO VEIGA DE CASTRO , IUNES EDUARDO AUGUSTO , ONISHI FRANZ JOOJI , SALATI THIAGO , CAVALHEIRO SERGIO , PAZ DANIEL DE ARAÚJO
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT A systematic review of the literature was performed in order to organize, evaluate, and select evidences available about the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous arthrodesis with percutaneous pedicle screws in the treatment of patients with degenerative disc disease (and other spinal pathologies) as compared to conventional arthrodesis. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were consulted to locate clinical trials and case reports/case series published in English between 2014 and 2019. After selection according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 21 of the 197 articles identified were chosen for a complete reading and used for the present review. Although the level of evidence of most of the studies included made the demonstration of efficacy and superiority among the surgical techniques reviewed difficult, the findings related to the minimally invasive procedure indicate a safe and reliable approach for the treatment of lumbar diseases. Level of evidence II; Systematic review of literature.