bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preseason Vertical Center of Mass Displacement During Running and Bone Mineral Density Z-Score Are Risk Factors for Bone Stress Injury Risk in Collegiate Cross-country Runners
Authors: Joachim Mikel R. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Heiderscheit Bryan C.
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES: To (1) assess relationships between running biomechanics, bone health, and bone stress injuries (BSIs), and (2) determine which variables constitute the most parsimonious BSI risk model among collegiate cross-country runners.

DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study.

METHODS: Running gait and bone mineral density (BMD) data from healthy collegiate cross-country runners were collected at preseason over 6 seasons. A generalized estimating equation model with backward selection was used to develop the most parsimonious model for estimating BSI risk, controlling for sex, running speed, and prior BSI. The variables assessed were spatiotemporal, ground reaction force, and joint kinematics, based on previous literature. Quasi-likelihood under the independence model criterion values and R2 values were used to select the best-fitting model.

RESULTS: Data from 103 runners were included in the analysis. The best-fitting model included vertical center of mass (COM) displacement and BMD z-score. Injury risk increased with greater vertical COM displacement (unit = 0.5 cm; relative risk [RR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.29; P = .04) and decreased with greater BMD z-score (unit = 0.5; RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95; P = .007). The model performed similarly when step rate was included instead of vertical COM displacement.

CONCLUSION: Vertical COM displacement and BMD z-score contributed to the best model for estimating risk the risk of bone stress injury in cross-country runners. Step rate was also an important variable for assessing injury risk. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(12):761-768. Epub 20 October 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11860
Magnetic resonance imaging patterns of shoulder injuries in strength trainers
Authors: Ariyanayagam Timothy , Kollimarla Venkata Sai Chalapathi , Rachakonda Akhila , Choudur Hema Nalini
Published: October 2023

Weightlifting, a recent addition to strength training regimes of elite athletes, offers various benefits such as increased muscle/tendon/bone strength, bone density, metabolism, and cardiac function. Although beneficial, weightlifting can contribute to various shoulder pathologies that include rotator cuff impingement and injuries to tendons/muscles/bones of the shoulder and shoulder girdle, with specific patterns of injury identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our pictorial essay, therefore, aims to familiarize radiologists and sports medicine physicians with the mechanisms, various types, and MRI patterns of shoulder/shoulder-girdle injuries, thereby enabling appropriate alterations to training regimens to prevent further injury.
Pathogenesis and descriptions of amblyopia. Part 1. Reasons for evolution of concepts
Authors:   Morozov Children's Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khatsenko I.E. , Rozhkova G.I. ,   Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute) RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gracheva M.A. ,   Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute) RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Salmasi J.M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Balashova L.M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   International Scientific and Practical Center for Tissue Proliferation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2023

This article explains the necessity to clarify the ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of amblyopia due to the accumulation of information. Firstly, due to the appearance of new ophthalmological and optometric instruments, it became possible to detect distinct signs of organic and functional pathology of various kinds in patients diagnosed with amblyopia, which were previously impossible to detect. Secondly, modern highly effective and informative neurophysiological methods of vision process investigation allowed to develop complete and more adequate concept of structural and functional organization of human visual system and its possible impairments which lead to amblyopia. Thirdly, considering the entire experience of clinical practice testifies to the greater heterogeneity of this disease than it was previously imagined and points to the incompleteness of the initial descriptions and definitions of this pathology. Key words: etiology of amblyopia, pathogenesis of amblyopia, evolution of concepts on amblyopia
Particular aspects of the VEGF inhibitors application in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga Branch, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Trifanenkova I.G. ,   Medical Institute of “Kaluga State University of K.E. Tsiolkovsky”, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Tereshchenko A.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga Branch, Kaluga, Russian Federation,   Medical Institute of “Kaluga State University of K.E. Tsiolkovsky”, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Erina Y.D. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga Branch, Kaluga, Russian Federation
Published: October 2023

Nowadays increasing use of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) inhibitors in the ROP (retinopathy of prematurity) treatment, undergoing clinical trials in Russian Federation, as well as the widely VEGF inhibitors off-label using, make this review higly relevant. In this work it was possible to reflect some significant aspects of the VEGF inhibitors application in the ROP treatment, which the researchers focus on. Evaluating the effectiveness of VEGF inhibitors in the treatment of ROP in zone II (stage 3+), bevacizumab therapy and retinal laser coagulation proved to be effective. The use of 0.2 mg of ranibizumab is more effective compared to laser treatment in patients with ROP stage 3+. Analysis of the treatment effectiveness of ROP in zone I (stages 1+, 2+, 3+) showed that ranibizumab is more effective than retinal laser coagulation (68% and 61%, respectively), however, without statistically significant differences. Results of surgical treatment of ROP indicate its high efficiency at stage 4a. There are limited data, according to the results, the combination of vitrectomy with the introduction of VEGF inhibitors leads to a faster regression of the disease. Data on the systemic effects of VEGF inhibitors available in the literature are contradictory, which requires further study of this problem. Key words: retinopathy of prematurity, VEGF inhibitors, literature review
Особенности микрофлоры конъюнктивальной полости у детей с воспалительными заболеваниями вспомогательных органов глаза
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Zaitseva M.V. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Brzheskiy V.V. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Vorontsova T.N. ,   Modern Medical Technologies Clinic, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: October 2023

Purpose. To evaluate microflora of the conjunctival cavity of children in different age periods without and with inflammatory diseases of the eye adnexa. Material and methods. 370 children (398 eyes) aged from 1 month to 17 years were examined. 204 clinically healthy patients (225 eyes) made up the control group. The remaining 166 children (173 eyes) were diagnosed with various inflammatory diseases: 81 children (85 eyes) had neonatal dacryocystitis; 28 (28 eyes) – acute barley and 57 (60 eyes) – chronic blepharoconjunctivitis. All children underwent conjunctival cavity smear which were cultured for flora growth and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. Results. Most common results shows that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are detected from the conjunctival cavity, with different frequency in different age periods: infancy – 38.5%, early childhood – 70.0%, first childhood – 40.4%, second childhood – 54.3%, teenage – 53.8%, youth – 20.0%. Frequency of detection of Staphylococcus aureusincreases during inflammatory diseases, and the detection of CNS decreases. Microflora shows the greatest sensitivity tofluoroquinolones in healthy children as well as in children with inflammatory diseases. Conclusion. A diverse spectrum of microflora was revealed at the age of 4 to 15 years, as well as under 1 year old kids. There is a significant increase in the incidence of Staphylococcus aureusand a decrease in the incidence of CNS in the considered inflammatory diseases. Identified microorganisms shows the greatest sensitivity to fluoroquinolones both in healthy children and their peers with inflammatory diseases. Key words: microflora, children, inflammatory eye diseases, antibacterial drugs
Three preloaded and one manual injector for intraocular lens implantation: a comparative analysis
Authors:   «Eximer» eye center, Moscow, Russia, Pershin K.B. ,   Academy of postgraduate education of The Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, Pashinova N.F. ,   «Eximer» eye center, Moscow, Russia,   Academy of postgraduate education of The Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, Tsygankov А.I. ,   «Eximer» eye center, Moscow, Russia, Kosova I.V. ,   «Eximer» eye center, Moscow, Russia, Saidalieva O.S. ,   «Eximer» eye center, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2023

Aim. To evaluate the incision width and implantation time of different IOL models using three preloaded and one manual injector. Material and methods. 146 patients (160 eyes) including 94 females and 52 males were included in a prospective study. Group I – Isert® (28 patients, 32 eyes); Group II – Multisert® (27 patients, 30 eyes); Group III – Autonome® (45 patients, 50 eyes) and Group IV – Monarch® (46 patients, 48 eyes). mean age of patients was 71.8 ± 11.7 years, follow-up period – 3 ± 0.2 months. Results. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the groups when comparing the incision width before IOL implantation. After lens implantation, the incision width in group I was significantly higher than in groups II (p = 0.04), III (p = 0.037) and IV (p = 0.029). There were no significant differences in incision width after IOL implantation between groups II, III, and IV (p > 0.05). The average increase in corneal incision width in group I was 0.6 mm, and for groups II, III, and IV it ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 mm. Groups II, III, and IV showed lower values of surgically induced astigmatism compared with group I (0.47 ± 0.06, 0.41 ± 0.06, and 0.44 ± 0.07 D compared with 1.12 ± 0.17 D, respectively; p < 0.05 for all groups). No significant differences were found between groups II, III, and IV. Minimum implantation time was observed for groups II and III, maximum for groups I and IV, with a mean difference of about 30 seconds. Differences when comparing the mean IOL implantation time were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion. This paper presents the first worldwide comparative analysis of four IOL implantation systems, including Isert®, Multisert®, Autonome®, and Monarch®. The new Multisert® IOL implantation system has similar advantages to the known monofocal IOL injectors with respect to corneal incision width, surgically induced astigmatism magnitude, and time required for IOL implantation. IOL implantation time did not depend on the type of implantation (hydro- or viscous) and the type of injector. Keywords: cataract, injector, Isert®, Multisert®, Autonome®, Monarch®, surgically induced astigmatism
Our experience introduction of refractive lenticular extraction into clinical practice using the SmartSight method
Authors:   Astana Vision LLP, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan, Pushkar S.I. , Remesnikov I.A. ,   Astana Vision LLP, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan, Nazarova L.Z. ,   Astana Vision LLP, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan, Almukhambetova D.K. ,   Astana Vision LLP, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: October 2023

The aim of the work is to analyze the clinical features of refractive lenticular extraction using SmartSight technology in patients with myopia and astigmatism, as well as to develop recommendations on the surgical technique of performing SmartSight surgery. Material and methods. 105 patients (210 eyes) were examined and treated using the SmartSight technique using the ATOS SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions femtosecond laser aged 18 to 40 years with myopia with MRSE from –2.00 to –8.50 D and astigmatism up to –2.75 D, with a range of keratometry parameters 41.00–46.00 D and pachymetric indicators of the smallest corneal thickness at least 500 µm, without contraindications to laser vision correction. Results. The analysis of the clinical and functional results of correction of myopia and astigmatism using the technology of refractive extraction of the lenticula performed using ATOS SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions femtosecond laser demonstrated the high efficiency, safety, predictability of this technique. The MRSE within ± 0.50 D was achieved in 98%. The efficiency index was 1.02±0.18. There was no any case with comparative loss of 2 or more lines of BCDVA. No intraoperative complications were recorded. Conclusion. The SmartSight technique using the ATOS SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions femtosecond laser is a promising new development of refractive lenticular extraction technology for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. Keywords: refractive lenticular extraction, keratorefractive surgery, myopia, astigmatism.
Corneal biomechanical properties in norm and in progressive keratoconus
Authors:   Eye Microsurgery named after Academician S.N. Fedorov, Volgograd Branch, Volgograd, Russia, Sibakin D.D. , Solodkova E.G. ,   Eye Microsurgery named after Academician S.N. Fedorov, Volgograd Branch, Volgograd, Russia, Balalin S.V. ,   Eye Microsurgery named after Academician S.N. Fedorov, Volgograd Branch, Volgograd, Russia
Published: October 2023

A prospective study of corneal stiffness parameter of 173 eyes of 173 healthy subjects with different refractions as well as 41 eyes with keratoconus was carried out. The study groups were comparable in age and gender composition. Correlation was performed between corneal stiffness parameter (Stiffness Parameter (SP-A1), minimum corneal thickness (MCT) and biomechanically compensated intraocular pressure (bIOP) determined using Pentacam HR and Corvis ST (OCULUS, Germany), as well as the anteroposterior chamber (APC) value and patient age. Based on multivariate regression analysis, the correlation between corneal stiffness index SPA1, minimum corneal thickness (MCT) and biomechanically compensated IOP (bIOP) in healthy subjects (p = 0.00001, p = 0.005, respectively) as well as in patients with keratoconus (p = 0.00000, p = 0.0032, respectively) was established. Using the obtained data, the tables for determination of corneal stiffness in healthy subjects and patients with different stages of keratoconus, depending on the minimal thickness and level of biomechanically compensated intraocular pressure, were compiled. Application of the tables will allow in practical work to quickly analyze corneal stiffness index which can be used as an important diagnostic criterion in patients with keratectasia. Keywords: corneal stiffness index, biomechanically compensated intraocular pressure, correlation dependence.
Experimental study of biodegradation of synthetic polymer matrices as promising scaffolds for limbal stem cells
Authors:   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Karpovich V.V. , Churashov S.V. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Chernysh V.F. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy
Published: October 2023

Aim. To study in experimental conditions and conduct a comparative assessment of the terms of biodegradation of three different types of synthetic polyester matrices as promising carriers of limbal stem cells. Material and methods. We performed matrices from poly(lactide-glycolide) (PLG), poly(lactide-caprolactone) (PLC) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). On the basis of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy (St. Petersburg) estimated the timing of the biodegradation of matrices from the PLG, PLC and PCL with a thickness of 5; 10 and 15 microns by binding in vitro to the ocular surface of laboratory animals. Results. During the study, the terms of biodegradation of matrices from PLG, PLC and PCL of various thickness were studied. The time of complete biodegradation of PCL matrices with a thickness of 5 μm was about 30 days, which is the most acceptable for the purpose of their transplantation to the eye surface. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using PLC as a material for the manufacture of matrix carriers with a thickness of 5 μm for the cultivation and transplantation of limbal stem cells. Keywords: poly (lactide-glycolide), poly (lactide-caprolactone), poly (ε-caprolactone), biodegradation, limbal stem cells.
Long-term functional results of IOL implantation of various manufacturers
Authors:   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Chuprov A.D. , Lositskiy A.O. ,   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Trubnikov V.A. ,   Orenburg branch of The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Published: October 2023

Prospective evaluation of the clinical and functional results of cataract phacoemulsification (PEC) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is an urgent scientific and practical task for ophthalmologists and IOL manufacturers. The establishment of unfavorable refractive results in the late postoperative period may be a condition for adjusting the IOL constant. Purpose: to analyze the long-term functional results of IOL implantation of various manufacturers. Material and methods. The study included a retrospective analysis of the case histories of 11,982 patients diagnosed with cataracts. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 1 to 9 years. All subjects underwent a standard ophthalmological examination and PE with IOL implantation (10 trade names). The following features were analyzed: the patient’s age at the time of surgery, NCHA after surgery, NCHA at the time of the last examination, dynamics of NCHA, time of the last visit (years), difference in NCHA value, refractive index (SPH), type of IOL (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, mixed). Results. Тhe maximum follow-up period was established for patients with HF (5.22 ± 1.9 years). Difference of NCHA values depending on the observed assessment (–0.26 ± 0.3 units). Patients with AR (4.2 ± 2.1 years) with a difference in NCVA values (–0.22 ± 0.3 units) were in second place in the observation period. The minimum difference in the values of NCVA observation in IOL BX (–0.10 ± 0.3 units) with an average follow-up period of 2.3 ± 1.1 years. The established differences in the dynamics of NCCA and the observation period are significant (p < 0.05). The established differences in the dynamics of NCVA and the observation period are statistically significant (p < 0.05). The conducted correlation analysis established an inverse strong (r=–0.75) statistical dependence of the average value of the difference in NCVA on the average period of observation of patients. Conclusion. The visual acuity of patients after PE with IOL implantation decreases in the late postoperative period. The rate of decrease in visual acuity after FEC is inversely proportional to the period of postoperative follow-up. The different dynamics of refraction of some types of IOLs may indicate the presence of processes of «aging» of the materials from which the IOLs are made. Keywords: IOL implantation, cataract phacoemulsification.
Comparative clinical and economic analysis of myopia correction using laser keratorefractive surgery and contact lenses
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kechin E.V. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation, Doga A.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mushkova I.A. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Karimova A.N. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Petrov A.A. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2023

Purpose. To conduct a comparative clinical and economic analysis of myopia correction using laser keratorefractive surgery and contact lenses. Material and methods. An analysis of direct medical costs was carried out for the following main items: the cost of surgery, contact lenses and solution for their injury. The sources of information were the official websites of 25 clinics and 13 opticians in Moscow. Calculations when using contact lenses were carried out for 312 days a year. All calculations are presented for 1 eye. Financial costs in the remote period were discounted at a rate of 5%. 1 USD = 78.32 rubles. Results. The median cost of the FemtoLASIK procedure was 76600 rubles, personalized FemtoLASIK – 82,000 rubles, refractive lenticular extraction – 110,000 rubles. The cost of one day of using contact lenses with a solution for their storage was: one-day – 83.0 (excluding the cost of the solution), 14-day – 29.0 rubles, 30-day – 21.5 rubles, 90-day – 8.2 rub. The cost of using one-day contact lenses after 5 years is 101,451 rubles, 14-day contact lenses with a storage solution – 35,447 rubles, 30-day – 26,279 rubles, 90-day – 10,023 rubles. Conclusion. The analysis revealed that the financial costs of one-day contact lenses already after 4 years exceed the cost of myopia correction using FemtoLASIK and personalized FemtoLASIK methods and amount to 85,219 rubles, and also after 6 years exceed the cost of refractive lenticular extraction operation and amount to 115,944 rubles. Keywords: cost-effectiveness, FemtoLASIK, SMILE, CLEAR, contact lenses
Study of the frequency and probable causes of IOL dislocations after phacoemulsification of age-related cataract
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Kolenko O.V. ,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Sorokin E.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Belonozhenko Y.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Burya R.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2023

Purpose. Analysis of the frequency and structure of dislocations of the «IOL – capsular bag» complex at various times of the postoperative period of minimally invasive age-related cataract surgery. Material and methods. All cases of dislocation of the «IOL – capsular bag» complex over a 5-year period were selected using the continuous sampling method. Their severity was assessed, the probable causes of dislocations were clarified. A clinical assessment of the outcomes of dislocations was carried out, and the possibilities of their surgical correction were assessed. Results. A total of 480 cases of dislocation of the «IOL – capsular bag» complex (480 eyes) occurred during this period. The patients’ age averaged 72 ± 2 years. There were 268 men and 212 women. In all 480 cases, there was a dislocation leading to a decrease in visual functions. In 94 eyes, there were contusion injuries of the eyeball, in 254 eyes – the presence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome of various degrees, in 79 eyes – primary open-angle glaucoma of II–III stages, in 84 eyes – high myopia. In a number of eyes there was a combination of the above conditions. In 71 cases, it was not possible to establish the causes of dislocations on the part of the ophthalmic status. Conclusion. The total number of dislocations over a 5-year period was significant – 480 cases. In 14.7% of cases, it was not possible to identify the underlying causes that led to the dislocation of the complex. Keywords: age-related cataract, Zinn’s ligament, IOL, ultrasound biomicroscopy
Study of the effect of age-related cataract phacoemulsification on tear production and morphometric parameters of the cornea
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Kolenko O.V. ,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Tonkonogii S.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Vasiliev A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk Branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2023

Purpose. To study the effect of phacoemulsification (PE) of age-related cataract (ARC) on tear production (TP) and morphometric parameters of the cornea. Material and methods. 120 patients (120 eyes) aged 62 to 83 years after ARC PE were examined. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the level of TP: 1st group – 60 patients with normal and slightly reduced TP, 2nd group – 60 patients with moderate and severe suppression of TP. In addition to standard research methods, all patients underwent the Schirmer-1 test, OCT-scanning of the cornea, also tear break-up time (TBUT), endothelial cell density (ECD) (initially, the next day after surgery, then on the 10th, 20th and 30th days) were analyzed. Results. The indices of TBUT, corneal epithelium thickness (CEC), corneal stromal thickness (CST) and ECD in the eyes of patients of the second group were lower than in the eyes with normal TP. Conclusion. The analysis showed that in patients with a moderate and severe decrease in TP, postoperative changes in CEC occur 4 times more often, and CST – 1.5 times more often than in eyes with normal TP. At the final stage of treatment, the recovery of CEC in the eyes of patients in the second group of the study was observed 2.6 times less than in the eyes of patients in the first group, which may indicate the possible presence of neurotrophic disorders in the cornea in patients with reduced TP. Keywords: age-related cataract, phacoemulsification, tear production, corneal epithelium thickness, corneal stroma thickness
Bilateral cataract surgery in one hospitalization
Authors:   Kirov state ophthalmology hospital, Kudyavtseva Y.V. ,   FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia, Levanova O.G. ,   Kirov state ophthalmology hospital,   FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia, Belyh L.V. ,   Kirov state ophthalmology hospital,   FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia, Lekomceva I.A. ,   FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia
Published: October 2023

The aim of the work was to analyze the results of bilateral cataract surgery in one hospitalization with an interval of several days. Material and methods. An analysis was made of data from 141 patients operated on in a round-the-clock hospital of the Kirov Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital for bilateral cataracts during one hospitalization for the period 2022–2023. Results. The interval between operations on the eyes of patients ranged from 1 to 7 days, on average 2.7 days. No cases of endophthalmitis were noted. Visual acuity increased from 0.1 to 0.6. In 85.8%, the target refraction was achieved. Conclusion. Bilateral cataract surgery in one hospitalization is possible and often more preferable in terms of a combination of medical, economic, time, quality indicators with a balanced approach from the ophthalmologist-surgeon and strict adherence to the patient safety protocol. Keywords: bilateral surgery, surgery in one hospitalization
Femtosecond laser assisted intrastromal keratoplasty with implantation of corneal ring segments in the correction of higher-order aberrations in patients with keratoconus
Authors:   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia, Mikhailov P.P. , Kudryashova E.V. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia, Kulikov A.N. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: October 2023

Aim. To evaluate the potential of femtosecond laser assisted intrastromal keratoplasty (FLAIK) with implantation of corneal ring segments in the correction of higher order aberrations in patients with stage I–II keratoconus. Material and methods. 15 patients (14 men and 1 woman) were examined and treated surgically, in total of 17 eyes, with stage I and II keratoconus (according to the classification of Izmailova S.B., 2014). All patients underwent FLAIK with implantation of corneal ring segments. Results. The change in the estimated parameters at an average follow-up period of 4.7 months showed that after FLAIK with implantation of corneal ring segments, best corrected visual acuity increased statistically significantly (p < 0.05) in all cases and increased by an average of 0.29 ± 0.09. In addition, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the total level of higher order aberrations by 1.5 times (by 0.69 ± 0.4 D), a decrease in the level of coma aberration by 1.7 times (by 0.74 ± 0.4 D), a decrease in the level of spherical aberration by 1.6 times (by 0.07 ± 0.12 D). Conclusions. FLAIK with implantation of corneal ring segments is an effective method for correcting higher-order aberrations in patients with keratoconus of stage I–II. FLAIK with keratoconus with implantation of corneal ring segments makes it possible to achieve a significant increase in BCVA in patients with stage I–II keratoconus. Key words: keratoconus, higher order aberrations, corneal segments, refractive surgery
Trifocal IOLs in the correction of high and very high myopia
Authors:   «EyeDoctor» ophthalmologic clinic of MD Molokotin, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Molokotin E.M. , Malakhova Y.I. ,   «EyeDoctor» ophthalmologic clinic of MD Molokotin, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Aruchidi I.N. ,   «EyeDoctor» ophthalmologic clinic of MD Molokotin, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: October 2023

Purpose. To show our results for surgical treatment of patient with high and very high myopia with implaited trifocal IOL. Material and methods. Patients were treated in the «EyeDoctor» ophthalmology clinic (Almaty, Kazakhstan). There were 52 patients in presbiopic age who were treated with implantation of trifocal IOL. Results. Results of our surgical treatment were high enough with several criteria. Conclusion. The implantation of trifocal IOLs give us good results in patients with high and very high myopia. Keywords: high myopia, trifocal IOL, presbyopia, defocus curve, contrast sensitivity
Analysis of Cyberbullying Perpetration Behaviors among Korean Adolescents Using Latent Class Analysis
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Psychology, Park Juae , Yoon Yoewon
Published: October 2023

This study aims to categorize adolescent cyberbullying perpetration using a person-centered approach, as opposed to the conventional variable-centered method. The goal is to create an academic foundation for tailoring cyberbullying prevention strategies that align with unique perpetration patterns shown by individual adolescents. To achieve this goal, the study utilized data from the 「Korean Children and Youth Welfare Panel Study 2018」conducted by the Korea Institute of Child and Adolescent Welfare. Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), we identified latent groups of adolescents with comparable cyberbullying perpetration patterns. These groups were then studied to uncover distinctions in demographic charateeristics (gender), mental health factors (aggression, depression, grit), antisocial behaviors (delinquency), and relational factors (teacher relationships, friendships, parental caregiving attitudes). The key findings are as follows: First, a statistically significant model has been derived, which includes two to five latent groups, each displaying unique patterns of cyberbullting perpetration behavior. Second, considering model fit, types of perpetration behavior, and sample sizes, a four-group latent model has been determined as the most appropriate for achieving the research objectives. These four latent groups are labeled as: 'Low-Level Perpetration Group (n=2,087)', 'Verbal Aggression · Cyber Prison · Flaming Concentrated Group (n=36)', 'Verbal Aggression Concentrated Group (n=74)', and 'High-Level Perpetration Group (n=5)'. Third, there are no significant differences observed in the characteristics of the members within each latent cyberbullying perpetration group. However, unexpected outcomes are noted concerning delinquency, teacher relationships, and positive parental caregiving attitudes (warmth, autonomy support, structure). Consequently, the need for further research on categorizing types of adolescent cyberbullying perpetration and conducting detailed analyses for each type is proposed.
East and West: global technological confrontation
Authors: Belikova S. S. , Belikov A. V.
Published: October 2023

In recent years the technological rivalry between China and the USA has become increasingly intense as both countries compete for dominance in the following promising technological areas: in the creation of artificial intelligence systems, in the production of equipment for 5G generation communication networks, in quantum computing, in the design and manufacture of electric vehicles and in biotechnology research. As China’s economy grows and its technological capabilities expand, the USA is increasingly concerned about the consequences of China’s rapid technological growth for national security, economic competitiveness and for global dominance of the USA. In response to China’s technological rise, the USA has taken a number of steps to restrict China’s access to “sensitive” technologies and protect its own interests. The result of such actions was a complex and dynamic confrontation that has an impact on the future of the global economy and technological innovation. This article examines a retrospective of the relationship between the two most developed economies of the world; studies the factors that led to the digital confrontation; analyzes the potential impact of digital competition on the global economy and also considers the prospects for further development of China and the USA as technological giants of modernity.
Machine-tool industry retrospective analysis in member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States
Authors: Shailieva M. M. , Sergeeva K. N.
Published: October 2023

The article examines the dynamics of machine tool production in the countries of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and post-Soviet states from the standpoint of statistical science. In the course of the work a data was obtained, the tabular and graphical presentation of which made it possible to identify certain periods of time in the machine tool industry of the USSR and the Commonwealth of Independent States (including the Baltic states), characterized by different dynamics and production structure in individual states. The initial stage of development fell on the territory of modern Russia, but during the years of the existence of the USSR, a number of machine-tool industries were opened in the Union Republics. This gave impetus to industrial development on the periphery of the Soviet state, and by the time the domestic machine tool industry flourished in the late 1970s, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic accounted for less than half of the all-Union output. However, after 1978 there was a significant decline in the dynamics of production in the industry. And after the collapse of the country there is almost complete destruction of the machine-tool industry on the territory of the countries of the former USSR. The results obtained in the course of the study can be useful in scientific and practical activities in assessing the current situation, as well as prospects for the production and consumption of machine tools in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, including Ukraine and the Baltic states.
Historical approaches, effective solutions and promising developments of the national school of management for the mobilization of ecosystem potential
Authors: Afanasyev V. Ya. , Raichenko A. V. , Polyakov M. B.
Published: October 2023

The article presents a retrospective analysis of the processes for formulation and solving problems of complex development: theory and practice of management based on traditional and innovative approaches of the Russian scientific school. The evolution of the main trends is analyzed in the formation and development of key concepts in the field of construction and application by infrastructures of socioeconomic organizations. The following basic laws, fundamental principles, effective mechanisms and promising models of the organization of coordinated interaction of subjects (in the sphere of economic activity and within the framework of regionally and technologically determined production and commercial formations) are distinguished and compared. The prospects of improving the work of territorial and sectoral management mechanisms are considered from the standpoint of ensuring harmonious interaction, constructive innovations and sustainable development. The priorities of the formation and mobilization of the potential of ecosystems are determined as the most promising constructions of modern sectoral and regional complexes ensuring the harmonious use of socio-economic resources of modern society. The content of the perspective modernization is presented of the most significant provisions in the theory and practice of purposeful influence, revealing the priorities and trends of improving the formulation, as well as the application of the fundamental concepts of the national scientific school of management.
Features of statistical methods application in rating construction
Authors: Aleshnikova V. I. , Burtseva T. A. , Darda E. S. , Bogatyreva E. M.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to solving the problem of rating construction methodology, including issues of comparability in dynamics and inconsistency. The study analyzes approaches to the procedures for aggregating private components of the rating. Attention is focused on the shortcomings of ratings used in international and domestic practice as integral meters, among which are the incompleteness of information on the private components of ratings, an unacceptably high level of error in the development of ratings as integral meters and the lack of evaluation of their quality. The approach to rating construction on the basis of average weighted sum of ranks is offered. The ratio of the sum of the squares of the rank paired coefficients of the private rating to the total sum of the squares of the rank coefficients for all private ratings (the matrix of squares of rank correlations) is used as weights. The approach proposed by the authors, in contrast to the existing methodological approaches, makes it possible to build a rating in the absence of information about private components. The novelty of the study results lies in the method of estimating weights of private ratings as basic components of the rating. The article presents the results of construction a rating of the regions of the Central Federal District in Russia for achieving national goals in 2021 based on private ratings, which confirmed the adequacy of the proposed approach. The article may be of interest to a wide range of researchers in the field of statistics and regional economics.
The perfectionism principle in the representation of corporate achievements (based on the annual reports’ material of industrial companies)
Authors: Filyasova Yu. A.
Published: October 2023

The article considers the verbal representation elements of perfectionism in annual reports. The study is intended to analyze the perfectionist principle as an integral annual reports’ characteristic of companies with high rating positions. The material for the research consisted of 2.882 contextual uses of keywords with the superlative semantics – “best”, “maximum”, “high”, as well as those with the meaning of progressive development – “increase”, “improvement”, “upgrading”, “growth”, which reflect the semantics of the concept “perfectionism” and characterize the companies’ own activity. The research was conducted with the following methods: continuous sampling in the reports’ documents on the listed keywords, semantic selection, quantitative analysis, contextual analysis, semantic classification, data comparison. On average the coefficient of the presence of perfectionism elements in the volume of annual reports varies from 0.66 to 2.15. The data obtained can be considered high, given that many report pages contain numerical and illustrative data. Among the studied contextual uses, the most frequent were words with broader semantics: “increase”, “high”, “best”, “increase”, which can be used both from the standpoint of performance and from the point of view of the process of performing production activities. The usage of the keywords has a systemic character as it embraces all types of companies’ activities: the increase of the ecological and corporate social responsibility levels; business process improvement; product quality enhancement; the board of directors’ activity improvement, the increase in profits and company value, and some others. The perfectionism principle is oriented to maintaining long-term relationships with external and internal categories of users by ensuring that the performance of activities meets the expectations of interested groups of users.
High Pressure Homogenization – An Update on its Usage and Understanding
Authors: Inguva Pavan , Grasselli Silvia , Heng Paul W.S.
Published: October 2023

Despite being a technology of several decades, high pressure homogenization (HPH) remains widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries, often as an essential unit operation in liquid product processing. Continual advances in the technology are made on multiple fronts, on equipment innovations by the manufacturers, new applications by users, and advances in process understanding by multidisciplinary scientists alongside subject matter experts amongst industry practitioners. While HPH is comparatively simple conceptually, the homogenization process involves complex engineering physics which is influenced by the varied processing conditions and highly diverse inputs with each use-case requiring its own treatment. The successful application of a HPH process indubitably requires practitioners to draw upon insights from multiple domains and the optimization for each case. Thus, this timely review aims to outline the more recent trends and advancements in HPH process understanding and novel applications involving HPH from both academic and industrial perspectives.
Electrochemical – chemical cycle for high-efficiency decoupled water splitting in a near-neutral electrolyte
Authors: Slobodkin Ilya , Davydova Elena , Sananis Matan , Breytus Anna , Rothschild Avner
Published: October 2023

Green hydrogen produced by water splitting using renewable electricity is essential to achieve net-zero carbon emissions. Present water electrolysis technologies are uncompetitive with low-cost grey hydrogen produced from fossil fuels, limiting their scale-up potential. Disruptive processes that decouple the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions and produce them in separate cells or different stages emerge as a prospective route to reduce system cost by enabling operation without expensive membranes and sealing components. Some of them divide the hydrogen or oxygen evolution reactions into electrochemical and chemical sub-reactions, leading the way to high efficiency. However, high efficiency was demonstrated only in a batch process with thermal swings that present operational challenges. This work introduces a breakthrough process that produces hydrogen and oxygen in separate cells and supports high-efficiency continuous operation in a membraneless system. We demonstrate high Faradaic and electrolytic efficiency and high-rate operation in a near-neutral electrolyte of NaBr in water.
Access to multifunctionalized tetrasubstituted carbon centers bearing up to three different heteroatoms via tandem geminal chlorofluorination of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds
Authors: Kim Ha Eun , Song Mugeon , Hwang Sunjoo , Chung Won-jin
Published: October 2023

The incorporation of non-carbon heteroatoms into organic molecules typically instills characteristic and often valuable functionalities. The co-presence of different heteroatoms can further broaden their utility through the synergistic cooperative effects, which may even lead to the discovery of formerly unavailable properties that are not just a simple accumulation of each function. However, despite the increasing interest in the controllable installation of heteroatoms, it has been extremely challenging to construct carbon centers having three different heteroatoms in a synthetically useful manner. In this work, our group’s tandem geminal chlorofluorination (Cl, F) strategy was applied to rationally designed heteroatom-bearing 1,2-dicarbonyl substrates including α-keto thioesters (S), α-keto N-acylindole (N), and α-keto acylsilane (Si), resulting in the practical production of doubly or triply hetero-functionalized tetrasubstituted carbon centers with excellent site-selectivity.
Metabolic pathways of acylcarnitine synthesis
Authors: Brejchova Jana , Brejchova Kristyna , Kuda Ondrej
Published: October 2023

Acylcarnitines are important markers in metabolic studies of many diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. We reviewed analytical methods for analyzing acylcarnitines with respect to the available structural information, the technical limitations of older methods, and the potential of new mass spectrometry-based techniques to provide new information on metabolite structure. We summarized the nomenclature of acylcarnitines based on historical common names and common abbreviations, and we propose the use of systematic abbreviations derived from the shorthand notation for lipid structures. The transition to systematic nomenclature will facilitate acylcarnitine annotation, reporting, and standardization in metabolomics. We have reviewed the metabolic origins of acylcarnitines important for the biological interpretation of human metabolomic profiles. We identified neglected isomers of acylcarnitines and summarized the metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis and degradation of acylcarnitines, including branched-chain lipids and amino acids. We reviewed the primary literature, mapped the metabolic transformations of acyl-CoAs to acylcarnitines, and created a freely available WikiPathway WP5423 to help researchers navigate the acylcarnitine field. The WikiPathway was curated, metabolites and metabolic reactions were annotated, and references were included. We also provide a table for conversion between common names and abbreviations and systematic abbreviations linked to the LIPID MAPS or Human Metabolome Database.