bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soviet Film
Authors: Nanney Lisa
Published: January 2020

Dos Passos’s adaptation of cinematic methods to literary style beginning in the mid-1920s emerged further in his work after he visited Russia in 1928. Tepid public and critical response to New Playwrights dramas motivated Dos Passos to explore how the revolutionary state-supported Russian theater and film productions had engaged the masses, united them politically, and produced groundbreaking artists. In dramatist Meyerhold’s avant-garde theater, Constructivist industrial sets and “biomechanical” acting techniques created successful dramas about and for workers. Dos Passos observed that cinematic innovations emerged from the Soviet-controlled studios despite the state’s use of film as its primary tool of mass ideological education. Though Lenin, then Stalin increasingly controlled film productions and artists, Soviet filmmakers nonetheless evolved theories of montage that became foundational in filmmaking and informed Dos Passos’s modernist novels and his 1936 independent film treatment “Dreamfactory,” with its meta-filmic exposé of the Hollywood film industry. In particular, these works registered the formal and conceptual innovations of two directors: Eisenstein, whose films combined fiction and history to effect political action through art; and Vertov, whose films acknowledged the artist’s vision as controlling the camera “eye” and who embedded in one short film an auto-critique of movie-making.
Filmic Narrative into Narrative Film
Authors: Nanney Lisa
Published: January 2020

After 1937 and the Spanish Civil War, although Dos Passos remained concerned with the individual’s struggle for self-determination, his work now focused on his conviction that the paramount monolithic force threatening personal liberties was Communism. That concern likewise shaped his attempts in the 1950s and 1960s to adapt U.S.A. into film. A dramatic revue of U.S.A., by Paul Shyre with Dos Passos, was staged between 1953 and 1960. NBC scheduled but never produced a television adaptation of The Big Money in 1957, and a lawyer, Nick Spanos, held a film option on U.S.A. during the 1950s and early 1960s but never secured a production deal. In 1956, however, Dos Passos undertook the project himself, creating a full screen treatment of U.S.A. that he titled “One Life Is Not Enough.” Never produced, its manuscript focuses on just a few characters, narrative arcs, and modal segments, but does retain his critique of the film industry. Its attempt to translate the trilogy’s film-inflected style into cinematic form lacks the novels’ innovative dynamic, however. Nor does this treatment allow form to articulate ideas as had the also-unproduced “Dreamfactory.” Overt anti-Communism drives the later treatment; its ideological agenda simplifies its aesthetics.
Conclusion
Authors: Nanney Lisa
Published: January 2020

Though The Spanish Earth (1937) is likely the only film most readers will associate with the novelist Dos Passos, the other three film projects he undertook, both produced and unproduced, provide new insight into the cinematic aesthetics that inform the methods of his ground-breaking modernist novels. Although his later fiction incorporated fewer innovative adaptations of film devices into their styles, in novels such as Most Likely to Succeed (1954) he continued to address what he saw as the failure of the film industry to fulfil its artistic and cultural potential. But innovative filmmakers in the twenty-first century have frequently cited Dos Passos’s narrative devices and preoccupations as central influences, and current films exploring the power of monopolistic corporations and consumerism and blurring distinctions among genres echo the writer’s modernist themes and methods. The diverse range of Dos Passos’s own cinematic viewing throughout his life reflects his lifelong interest in new ways of telling a story.
EXPLAINING THE RISING PRECARIAT IN SPAIN
Authors: de la Poza Elena , Jodar Lucas , Merello Paloma , Todoli-Signes Adrián
Published: January 2020

Spanish GDP indicator figures recover while the risk of poverty has not stopped increasing since 2007 given the continuous austerity policies adopted by Governments, while labour and welfare conditions have worsened. A new phenomenon is emerging: the flattening of the Spanish middle class.This study proposes a model to quantify the number of individuals according to their level of precariousness in Spain. The model allows us to predict the behaviour of society in Spain given the mimetic nature of humans by constructing a discrete finite epidemiological model that classifies and quantifies the population in Spain according to its risk of precariousness. Our results show a rise in the precariat of 3% (representing 39% of the total population at the end of the study). The relevance of this study lies in providing measures to governments that can mitigate the negative effects of this problem and stop its growth. Indeed tax measures to help firms to distribute their profits among employees and measures engaging a labour reform to establish limits to the rate of temporary jobs and working overtime should be considered.
Chandra Observations of High-energy X-Ray Sources Discovered by INTEGRAL
Authors: Tomsick John A. , Bodaghee Arash , Chaty Sylvain , Clavel Maïca , Fornasini Francesca M. , Hare Jeremy , Krivonos Roman , Rahoui Farid , Rodriguez Jerome
Published: January 2020

The International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) satellite has detected in excess of 1000 sources in the ∼20–100 keV band during its surveys of the sky over the past 17 years. We obtained 5 ks observations of 15 unclassified INTEGRAL Gamma-Ray (IGR) sources with the Chandra X-ray Observatory in order to localize them, to identify optical/IR counterparts, to measure their soft X-ray spectra, and to classify them. For 10 of the IGR sources, we detect Chandra sources that are likely (or in some cases certain) to be the counterparts. IGR J18007–4146 and IGR J15038–6021 both have Gaia parallax distances, placing them at

and

kpc, respectively. We tentatively classify both of them as intermediate polar-type cataclysmic variables. Also, IGR J17508–3219 is likely to be a Galactic source, but it is unclear if it is a Dwarf Nova or another type of transient. For IGR J17118–3155, we provide a Chandra localization, but it is unclear if the source is Galactic or extragalactic. Based on either near-IR/IR colors or the presence of extended near-IR emission, we classify four sources as active galactic nuclei (AGNs; IGR J16181–5407, IGR J16246–4556, IGR J17096–2527, and IGR J19294+1327), and IGR J20310+3835 and IGR J15541–5613 are AGN candidates. In addition, we identified an AGN in the INTEGRAL error circle of IGR J16120–3543 that is a possible counterpart.
The Eroding Disk of AU Mic
Authors: Grady C. A. , Wisniewski J. P. , Schneider G. , Boccaletti A. , Gaspar A. , Debes J. H. , Hines D. C. , Stark C. C. , Thalmann C. , Lagrange A.-M. , Augereau J.-C. , Sezestre E. , Milli J. , Henning Th. , Kuchner M. J.
Published: January 2020

We report Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph imaging of AU Mic’s debris disk from 2017 and archival data. Outward motion of the features in the southeast arm continues. At least three features have reached or exceeded projected escape velocity in the past decade, yielding a combined feature mass-loss rate of ∼1.2 × 10−7
M
Earth yr−1, or ∼1.2 × 10−13
M
⊙ yr−1, ∼10% of AU Mic’s stellar wind mass-loss rate, and similar to the ratio of coronal mass ejection mass loss to the stellar wind mass-loss rate. We confirm the 2018 finding of feature height changes for one feature (B/SE4), but the HST data are too sparse to compare (yet) with the stellar activity cycle. Detection of what appears to be a chain of features in a second system suggests that the disk of AU Mic is not unique, although a larger sample of disks is required to quantify how common the phenomenon is.
The Bipolar Magnetic Emergence in the Solar Polar Region
Authors: Jin Chunlan , Zhou Guiping , Zhang Yuzong , Wang Jingxiu
Published: January 2020

Due to projection effect and polarization sensitivity, it is still unknown whether the bipolar magnetic emergence (BME) exists in the solar polar region. In this study, combining the magnetic observations from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and imaging observations of the 211 Å waveband from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, we try to identify and diagnose the BME. Considering the magnetic evolution and the corresponding intensity variation in the extreme ultraviolet waveband, we find definite events of the BMEs in the solar polar region. In total, we identify more than 300 BMEs in the solar polar region in the whole year from 2010 June to 2011 May. We find that whether on the southern or northern polar region, the leading polarity of the BMEs is almost half-positive and half-negative, and the BMEs’ magnetic axes show random distribution in that direction. These results imply the possible existence of local dynamo in the solar polar region.
Long Baseline Observations of the HD 100546 Protoplanetary Disk with ALMA
Authors: Pérez Sebastián , Casassus Simon , Hales Antonio , Marino Sebastián , Cheetham Anthony , Zurlo Alice , Cieza Lucas , Dong Ruobing , Alarcón Felipe , Benítez-Llambay Pablo , Fomalont Ed , Avenhaus Henning
Published: January 2020

Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we observed the young Herbig star HD 100546, host to a prominent disk with a deep, wide gap in the dust. The high-resolution 1.3 mm continuum observation reveals fine radial and azimuthal substructures in the form of a complex maze of ridges and trenches sculpting a dust ring. The 12CO(2–1) channel maps are modulated by wiggles or kinks that deviate from Keplerian kinematics particularly over the continuum ring, where deviations span 90° in azimuth, covering ∼5 km s−1. The most pronounced wiggle resembles the imprint of an embedded massive planet of at least 5 M
Jup predicted from previous hydrodynamical simulations. Such a planet is expected to open a deep gap in both gas and dust density fields within a few orbital timescales, yet the kinematic wiggles lie near ridges in the continuum. The lesser strength of the wiggles in the 13CO and C18O isotopologues show that the kinematic signature weakens at lower disk heights, and suggests qualitatively that it is due to vertical flows in the disk surface. Within the gap, the velocity field transitions from Keplerian to strongly non-Keplerian via a twist in position angle, suggesting the presence of another perturber and/or an inner warp. We also present Very Large Telescope/SPHERE sparse aperture masking data that recover scattered light emission from the gap’s edges but show no evidence for signal within the gap, discarding a stellar binary origin for its opening.
Biology of Hippocampus patagonicus (Syngnathidae) in Brazilian waters. A species threatened with extinction, with suggestions for the conservation of seahorses in Brazil
Authors: Silveira Rosana Beatriz , Da Silva José Clebson , Benício Lua , Silva José Rodrigo Santos
Published: January 2020

Specimens of Hippocampus patagonicus obtained in the bycatch of trawling in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ) were collected in 2012 (n = 199) and 2014 (n = 157), respectively. Mean height of females of reproductive age in RS was 8.89 ± 1.9 cm, with the fecundity of 366 ± 195.8 eggs per clutch, and for males of reproductive age, height was 8.79 ± 1.86 cm and weight 2.3 ± 1.67 g, with 404 ± 99 embryos at each gestation. In RJ, height was 9.69 ± 1.05 cm and weight 2.9 ± 0.9 g, with the fecundity of 277 ± 95.06 eggs per clutch, and for males, height was 10.06 ± 1.02 cm and weight 3.68 ± 1.18 g, with the fecundity of 156.38 ± 66 embryos at each gestation. The equations obtained from the weight (W) to height (H) ratio were: W = 0.002 H3.182, R2= 0.947 (RS males); W = 0.004 H2.914, R2= 0.949 (RS females); W = 0.0050 H2.838, R2= 0.793 (RJ males); W = 0.014 H2.355, R2= 0.733 (RJ females). RS females produced more eggs (P = 0.023), and males incubated more embryos (P = 0.000) than those of RJ. The mean height of brood pouch formation in males was 4.69 ± 0.48 cm, 95% CI [4.53; 4.86], while the mean height at first sexual maturity was 8.34 cm (95% CI [7.481; 9.046]). Alternative strategies need to be developed for the conservation of H. patagonicus in Brazil.
Automation Anxieties And infrastructural technologies
Authors: Goffey Andrew
Published: January 2020

Contesting binaries that tend to underlie claims about automation, this article seeks to complicate arguments that are made about digital technology and the processes and practices of automation essential to it. In particular, it contests a well-entrenched distinction between infrastructures
and culture, so as to consider more carefully the relationship between processes and practices of automation distributed throughout the increasingly planetary web of digital infrastructures, and subjectivity. Rather than viewing the logic of automation through the lens of value extraction,
the paper links post-Foucauldian arguments about governmentality and the production of subjectivity to the strategic origins of computation in war, on the one hand, and processes and practices of infrastructure production on the other. This in turn facilitates a more nuanced, micropolitical,
view of the grey area of human-machine relations worked on by automation.
Automations, Technological and Nervous: Addiction Epidemics from Athens to Fake News
Authors: Moore Gerald
Published: January 2020

Building on work by Bertrand Gille (1978), Bernard Stiegler argues that waves of technological automation tend to be characterised by periods of social 'disadjustment', when the rapid pace of change leaves political and social support systems inadequate to the task of ensuring societal
cohesion. In the absence of adequate rules for the government of consumption, we can see this technological disadjustment symptomatised in a phenomenon of 'generalised addiction'. We are living through one such period, struggling in the wake of disintegrating older social norms, and prior
to the birth of new ones better able to mitigate the toxic potential of our technological pharmaka. But emerging work in addiction research facilitates the argument, made here, that epidemics of generalised addiction are not unique to the digital era. The works of Plato can be interpreted
as a response to an addiction epidemic in fifth-century Athens, which was attributable, in turn, to the technological revolution of alphabetic writing. The comparison of then and now, two periods of technological change bringing political turmoil, throws up multiple parallels with the ongoing
transformations of digital culture. Athenian symposia functioned as sanctuaries where aristocrats, displaced from their traditional position at the heart of an increasingly chaotic city, retreated to experiment with religious, poetic and pharmaceutical oblivion. They accordingly bring
to mind both the anxiety-relieving 'zones' of escape and disavowal sought out by addicts in using, and the internet echo chambers into which we retreat from an increasingly fragmented public sphere. In a move that hints at an exit strategy for our own period of generalised addiction, Plato
builds on the logical thinking made possible by the new technology of writing to reinvent and readjust a dislocated political morality.
L’occulte fabrique de Salammbô
Authors: Dieudonné Serge
Published: January 2020

L’illustre incipit de Flaubert brouille les lectures. Son éclat verbal et la fanfare belliqueuse des références onomastiques annoncent un récit de tumultes et de sang. Toutefois, plus secrètement, il suggère un non-dit voluptueux, voire érotique, qui compose, en filigrane, un texte second que l’écrivain, en son siècle, ne pouvait pas écrire. L’emprise occulte de ce parfum sexuel indisposa certains, mais confère au livre, pour nous, son sens contemporain.
La première traduction française du théâtre chinois : la conception et la pratique de Joseph de Prémare dans sa traduction de L’Orphelin de la maison de Tchao (1731)
Authors: Tang Guo
Published: January 2020

Considéré toujours comme un genre littéraire très difficile à traduire, le théâtre chinois écrit en langue littéraire et renfermant maintes règles dramaturgiques se révèle d’une lecture difficile pour les lecteurs occidentaux. Très tôt cependant, pour des raisons évangéliques, le missionnaire jésuite Joseph de Prémare a réalisé une traduction de qualité d’une pièce chinoise à destination des lecteurs français pour les éclairer sur l’esprit du théâtre chinois. La traduction de L’Orphelin de la maison de Tchao par le père de Prémare en langue française relativement fiable était celle d’un pionnier. C’est dans cette version, ensuite réécrite par des dramaturges français, italien, anglais, que, jusqu’au milieu du xviii e siècle, l’Europe connaît le théâtre chinois. Pourtant, depuis longtemps condamnée pour sa tendance à l’omission des chants, la traduction du père de Prémare est souvent considérée par des traducteurs contemporains comme version en déformant le sens. Cependant, si L’Orphelin de la maison de Tchao s’intègre aussi bien à la société européenne, c’est que le père de Prémare tient compte du goût de son public. En livrant la traduction de cette pièce chinoise, le père de Prémare doit affronter le double jeu de la fidélité et du détachement qu’implique la conception traductologique des Lumières. J’examinerai ici la conception et la pratique de la traduction du père de Prémare. Dans quelle mesure le décalage se montre-t-il ? Que signifient les modifications apportées ? Il sera montré comment s’y manifeste le rapport de ce traducteur français des Lumières avec le texte classique du théâtre chinois.
Hydration Management
Authors: Mentes Janet C. , Gaspar Phyllis M.
Published: January 2020

Optimal hydration is essential to health, yet many common health problems of older adults are exacerbated by suboptimal hydration, including falls, adverse medication events, and urinary tract infections to name a few. Understanding dehydration in older adults is difficult, and causes for inadequate intake are multifocal. The current article provides important care guidelines on assessing risk and providing essential interventions to prevent dehydration. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46
(2), 19–30.]
REHABILITATION OF HISTORICAL UNDERGROUND MINE WORKINGS—A PHASED APPROACH
Authors: Longo Sue
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION

Rehabilitation is essential in legacy mines as mine hazards do not improve with time; they will always get worse. Most hazard mitigation techniques address immediate risk but do nothing to actually fix the problem. The current impetus is to move away from simply identifying and managing risks and towards long-term solutions that eliminate the hazards in a planned way. This article will describe a proven approach to identify and eliminate hazards in such a way as to preserve the positive legacy of mining while eliminating issues that affect the environment and communities in proximity to legacy mine sites.
USING PASSIVE ULTRASENSITIVE HYDROCARBON DETECTION TO ELUCIDATE NASCENT PIPELINE LEAKS: A COLUMBIA PIPELINE CASE STUDY
Authors: Schrynemeeckers Rick
Published: January 2020

Underground and above ground hydrocarbon transport pipelines often contain carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), water and chlorine which cause corrosion. Corrosion often begins as pinpoint leaks that expand over time. These leaks are often difficult to detect using conventional methods until a major event occurs.

Pressure testing can determine a leak to be present, but does not pinpoint the location of the leak. Pipeline pigs normally only detect leaks after they become significant and costly. The use of methane detectors has also been utilized with the recent popularity of drones. However, the use of airborne methane detectors has been less than successful due to the limited linear range of the methane detectors and poor sensitivity.

Passive ultrasensitive sorbent modules have been used to detect nascent leaks at parts per billion ( ppb) levels, which is 1,000 times more sensitive than traditional methods. Passive ultrasensitive sorbent modules contain a specially engineered oleophilic (i.e. oil loving) adsorbent encased in a microporous membrane. These membrane pores are small enough to prevent the entrance of soil particles or water, but are large enough to allow hydrocarbon vapor molecules to pass through and concentrate on the adsorbent material within. The result is a 1,000-fold increase in concentration allowing for ppb level detection.

The Columbia natural gas condensate pipeline case study took place in 2007 just southwest of Pittsburgh and involved a pipeline buried at a depth of approximately 6 ft. Ultrasensitive passive modules were installed at the surface above the pipeline. A battery operated hand drill was used to drill a 1 inch hole in the ground to an approximate depth of 3 ft. The module was inserted into the hole, covered with dirt, and left for 4 days. After retrieval the modules were analyzed by thermal desorption/mass spectrometry.

The objectives of the survey were to: examine potential fingerprints for evidence of gas condensate leakage, determine if nascent leaks could be distinguished from baseline readings, compare results with pipeline maintenance records for ground-truthing purposes.

The results of the project showed: several locations along the pipeline exhibited strong potential as leakage points, the results were validated with a known leak along the pipeline, the data helped to monitor the efficiency of prior pipeline repair work, baseline levels of hydrocarbons were statistically derived from the data, potential nascent leak points were identified along the pipeline.
The Standardisation of Natural Capital Accounting Methodologies
Authors: Maechler Sylvain , Graz Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2020

The global ecological crisis has prompted the development of tools that try to redefine relations between business and nature, among them, natural capital accounting methodologies. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recently set standards on which these methodologies are based. Other actors, including the Big Four audit and accounting firms, developed their own methodologies outside the scope of ISO. This chapter examines why and how ISO developed natural capital accounting standards that are likely to compete with other methodologies. From the assumption that standards are not just technical, but also political instruments, it argues that they shape the future by creating power relations between actors within and outside ISO. The chapter suggests that these ISO standards aims at competing with first-movers' methodologies, in particular on the power implications resulting from transparency. It builds the argument on international political economy approaches to emphasise the link between technical specifications and power relations in contemporary capitalism.
Reviewer acknowledgement 2015
Authors: De Benedetto Fernando , Donner Claudio F. , Sanguinetti Claudio M.
Published: January 2020

Not available.
Interpreting Mamelodi Community-Oriented Primary Care data on tuberculosis loss to follow-up through the lens of intersectionality
Authors: Ilunga Blandine B. , Eales Owen O. , Marcus Tessa S. , Smith Selma , Hugo Jannie F.
Published: January 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent major public health challenge in South Africa. This article examines the social determinants and demographic factors associated with TB loss to follow-up through the lens of intersectionality.Aim: The aim of this study was to describe and interpret the social determinants and demographic factors associated with TB patients lost to follow-up (LTFU).Setting: Mamelodi, an urban settlement in the South African District of Tshwane.Methods: AitaHealth™ is an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) mobile and web application that is used by community health workers. Data from patients with TB were extracted from the 64 319 households registered on AitaHealth™ over a 3-year period. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare patients who were adherent to TB treatment and those LTFU.Results: Of the 184 351 individuals screened for TB, 788 reported that they were diagnosed with TB (an incidence of 427 cases per 100 000). Of the 704 eligible for inclusion in this analysis, 540 (77%) were on treatment and 164 (23%) were LTFU. The factors associated with LTFU were aged over 60, not having a South African identification document, migration and death in the household, and higher mean household income.Conclusion: The results of this study serve as a reminder to clinicians of the importance of the three-stage assessment (biopsychosocial) in the approach to patients with TB. Understanding the intersection of social determinants and demographic factors helps clinicians and others identify and respond to the specificity of patient, health system and non-health policy issues at play in LTFU.
The use and value of maps in Community-Oriented Primary Care: Does process matter?
Authors: Honiball Nina M. , Marcus Tessa S.
Published: January 2020

Background: Maps are important tools in healthcare delivery. In Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC), they are expected to be used to plan services and resources for defined geographical areas, delineate team practice areas, allocate healthcare workers to households and support service delivery and performance management.Aim: This is a study of the use and value of maps and mapmaking in the delivery of healthcare services through Ward-Based Outreach Teams (WBOTs).Setting: This study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 in Mamelodi (South Africa), an urban settlement selected to begin the City of Tshwane’s WBOT implementation programme in 2013.Methods: This study is based on three qualitative participatory mapmaking projects with WBOT healthcare professionals and workers. Data generated through mapmaking, focused group discussions, individual semi-structured interviews, reflective writing and feedback workshops were analysed thematically.Results: Through mapmaking and discussions about the maps, healthcare providers took ownership of the maps they were creating or viewing, added their own information onto the maps, voiced issues about their practice, generated new knowledge and shared ideas and solutions for challenges. These processes expanded the use and value of maps beyond assisting participants to gain insights into the context, people and organisations of their places of work.Conclusion: Maps become creative learning tools that can be used in emergent ways to solve healthcare service and other problems when they are actively generated and engaged through facilitated discussion and reflection. This allows WBOTs to see maps as dynamic canvasses that they can use to improve service delivery.
Conveying hypertension message: An investigation into the language and content used in primary health clinics in South Africa
Authors: Nkosi-Mafutha Nokuthula G. , De Swardt Hester C. , Mogotlane Sophie
Published: January 2020

Background: Hypertension is a global health burden affecting developed and developing countries, and South Africa is no exception.Aim: This article aims to highlight the language and content used in health education on hypertension in primary healthcare (PHC) by health promoters and in pamphlets.Methods: The study design was quantitative descriptive. The population comprised a purposive selected sample of 12 health promoters in 12 PHC clinics and 50 pamphlets relating to health education on hypertension. An audio recorder was used to record health education provided by health promoters. Quantitative content analysis and frequency distribution was used to analyse the data.Results: The health promoters used various South African languages mixed with English (code switching). Patients were taught about lifestyle modifications and encouraged to adhere to management therapy. The switching in language usage may affect the understanding of those who do not speak the local language and that may explain the reason for lack of hypertension-suited life modification required by health education.Conclusion: It is important that heath education on hypertension should be standardised so that the content of health education in clinic A is similar to that in clinic B. Information contained in pamphlets should be summarised and standardised to the content presented by health promoters.
IoT Based Hybrid System for Patient Monitoring and Medication
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Narayan Panda Surya , Pradhan Preethi , Kumar Kaushal Rajesh
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: In recent years, a lot of research work has been done to transmit vital parameters of the patient using IOT (Internet of Things). The information related to Patient is sent by means of WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) and sensors to the healthcare database. This has been shown a great potential to transmit vital parameter of the patient at a remote location. Remote monitoring of patient(s), including vital signs, sound and video is to be transmitted, particularly when a patient is in transit. By transmitting the imperative parameters of the patient to a specialist diminishes, the ideal opportunity for starting treatment and permits the emergency crew to be better prepared. This will facilitate a doctor to make a diagnostic conclusion.OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop an advance system to transmit the vital parameters of the patient to the smart phone of the doctor at a remote location. After seeing essential parameters of the patient, the specialist can convey/endorse the medication from the remote area.METHODS: To monitor patient’s data in real-time an android application is developed which helps the medical staff to monitor the patient from remote location. All the patient related information is stored in Real Time Clinical Database.RESULTS: The proposed model will allow the doctors to monitor physiological parameters (HR, NIBP, Temp, ECG, SPO2) of the patient, as well as endorse medication from the remote location. This system will be helpful to provide virtual presence of the doctor inside the ambulance and to provide lifesaving drugs to the patient while the patient is in transit.CONCLUSION: The present invention provides a fully integrated system for the doctor to view the vital signs of the patient from the remote location in real-time.
$p$-Regularity and Weights for Operators Between $L^p$-Spaces
Authors: Sánchez Pérez Enrique A. , Tradacete Pedro
Published: January 2020

We explore the connection between

p

-regular operators on Banach function spaces and weighted

p

-estimates. In particular, our results focus on the following problem. Given finite measure spaces

\mu

and

\nu

, let

T

be an operator defined from a Banach function space

X(\nu)

and taking values on

L^p (v d \mu)

for

v

in certain family of weights

V\subset L^1(\mu)_+

we analyze the existence of a bounded family of weights

W\subset L^1(\nu)_+

such that for every

v\in V

there is

w \in W

in such a way that

T:L^p(w d \nu) \to L^p(v d \mu)

is continuous uniformly on

V

. A condition for the existence of such a family is given in terms of

p

-regularity of the integration map associated to a certain vector measure induced by the operator

T

.
Blow-Up Criterion of Strong Solution with Vacuum for the 2D Nonhomogeneous Density-Temperature-Dependent Boussinesq Equations
Authors: Ye Zhuan
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we are devoted to the study of the two-dimensional (2D) nonhomogeneous density-temperature-dependent Boussinesq equations with zero diffusivity over bounded domains. We obtain a blow-up criterion in terms of the gradient of viscosity for strong solutions with vacuum. The main ingredient of the proof is the utilization of two logarithmic type inequalities.
O papel da Child-Directed Speech no desenvolvimento fonológico: A emergência de templates
Authors: Baia Maria de Fatima De Almeida , Pacheco Vera , Ferreira Gláucia Daniele Do Prado
Published: January 2020

Este estudo, com base na perspectiva dos Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos (THELEN; SMITH, 1994), tem como objetivo analisar a Child-directed Speech (CDS) (FERGUSON, 1964; CAVALCANTE, 2007) no desenvolvimento fonológico de uma criança, de 1 a 2 anos, de Vitória da Conquista-BA, adquirindo o português brasileiro (PB). Para isso, investigamos a relação entre CDS e os templates emergentes na fala da criança, isto é, os padrões fônicos que surgem para expansão lexical (VIHMAN; CROFT, 2007). Após análise dos dados, nossa hipótese inicial de que a CDS desempenharia um papel direto no formato fônico dos templates presentes na fala infantil foi parcialmente confirmada, pois não foi observada uma correspondência forte entre os dois tipos de dados.
Estereotipar economiza tempo: Transformando representações culturais lusófonas e melhores práticas de língua portuguesa em Práticas para Alavancagem de Ensino
Authors: Ramos-Sollai Silvia
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on stereotyping in a comparison of Portuguese as a Second Language and Portuguese as a Foreign Language teaching, learning, and material. Current academic debate shows that stereotypes impact foreign language acquisition, despite the fact that categorizing the world helps us acknowledge the unknown. Yet, stereotypes can be a starting point to the exercise of deconstruction, common in High-Leverage Teaching Practice (HLTP) and applicable to any teaching approach, audience repertoire, or content alignment (GLISAN; DONATO, 2017). Stereotyping also occurs beyond classroom when externalized at a belonging-distancing dichotomy: the keener on the target culture, the more distant learners place themselves from the source culture. Findings indicate that categories of linguistic distance and identity status are only strongly biased by life repertoires, thus compromising any attempt of a pluricentric approach to Portuguese for international communication, if teaching, learning, and content evolve around best practices as model-outs and observations, rather than around deconstruction through HLTPs.
Evaluation of a multi-model, multi-constituent assimilation framework for tropospheric chemical reanalysis
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Bowman Kevin W. , Yumimoto Keiya , Walker Thomas , Sudo Kengo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We introduce a Multi-mOdel Multi-cOnstituent Chemical
data assimilation (MOMO-Chem) framework that directly accounts for model
error in transport and chemistry, and we integrate a portfolio of data
assimilation analyses obtained using multiple forward chemical transport
models in a state-of-the-art ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation
system. The data assimilation simultaneously optimizes both concentrations
and emissions of multiple species through ingestion of a suite of
measurements (ozone, NO2, CO, HNO3) from multiple satellite
sensors. In spite of substantial model differences, the observational
density and accuracy was sufficient for the assimilation to reduce the
multi-model spread by 20 %–85 % for ozone and annual mean bias by
39 %–97 % for ozone in the middle troposphere, while simultaneously
reducing the tropospheric NO2 column biases by more than 40 % and
the negative biases of surface CO in the Northern Hemisphere by 41 %–94 %.
For tropospheric mean OH, the multi-model mean meridional hemispheric
gradient was reduced from 1.32±0.03 to 1.19±0.03, while the
multi-model spread was reduced by 24 %–58 % over polluted areas. The
uncertainty ranges in the a posteriori emissions due to model errors were
quantified in 4 %–31 % for NOx and 13 %–35 % for CO regional emissions.
Harnessing assimilation increments in both NOx and ozone, we show that the
sensitivity of ozone and NO2 surface concentrations to NOx emissions
varied by a factor of 2 for end-member models, revealing fundamental
differences in the representation of fast chemical and dynamical processes.
A systematic investigation of model ozone response and analysis increment in
MOMO-Chem could benefit evaluation of future prediction of the chemistry–climate
system as a hierarchical emergent constraint.
Quantifying the nitrogen equilibrium and photochemistry-induced isotopic effects between NO and NO2
Authors: Li Jianghanyang , Zhang Xuan , Michalski Greg , Orlando John , Tyndall Geoffrey
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The nitrogen isotopic fractionations between NO and NO2 play a significant role in determining the nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ15N) of atmospheric NO2 and nitrate. This isotopic fractionation is controlled by a combination of equilibrium isotopic effect (EIE) and Leighton Cycle induced isotopic effect (LCIE), which are poorly constrained. We quantified this isotopic fractionation process by (1) measuring the isotopic fractionation factors of EIE and LCIE in a 10 m3 atmospheric simulation chamber and (2) mathematically calculating the relative importance of EIE and LCIE. Our results showed the enrichment factors of EIE and LCIE are 1.0275 ± 0.0012, and 0.9905 ± 0.005, respectively, at room temperature. We find that EIE is the dominate factor when NOx > 20 nmol mol−1, and LCIE is more important at low NOx concentrations (
On the Climate Sensitivity and Historical Warming Evolution in Recent Coupled Model Ensembles
Authors: Flynn Clare Marie , Mauritsen Thorsten
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) to a doubling of atmospheric CO2, along with the transient 35 climate response (TCR) and greenhouse gas emissions pathways, determines the amount of future warming. Coupled climate models have in the past been important tools to estimate and understand ECS. ECS estimated from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models lies between 2.0 and 4.7 K (mean of 3.2 K), whereas in the latest CMIP6 the spread has increased: 1.8–5.5 K (mean of 3.7 K), with 5 out of 25 models exceeding 5 K. It is thus pertinent to understand the causes underlying this shift. Here we compare the CMIP5 and CMIP6 model ensembles, and find a systematic shift between CMIP eras to be unexplained as a process of random sampling from modeled forcing and feedback distributions. Instead, shortwave feedbacks shift towards more positive values, in particular over the Southern Ocean, driving the shift towards larger ECS values in many of the models. These results suggest that changes in model treatment of mixed-phase cloud processes and changes to Antarctic sea ice representation are likely causes of the shift towards larger ECS. Somewhat surprisingly, CMIP6 models exhibit less historical warming than CMIP5 models; the evolution of the warming suggests, however, that several of the models apply too strong aerosol cooling resulting in too weak mid 20th Century warming compared to the instrumental record.
Field observations of soil hydrological flow path evolution over 10 Millennia
Authors: Hartmann Anne , Semenova Ekaterina , Weiler Markus , Blume Theresa
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The presence or absence of preferential flow strongly controls water flow and transport in soils. It is ubiquitous, but difficult to characterize and predict. This study addresses the occurrence and the evolution of preferential flow during the evolution of landscapes, and here specifically during the evolution of hillslopes. We targeted a chronosequence of glacial moraines in the Swiss Alps to investigate how water flow paths evolve along with the soil forming processes. Dye tracer irrigation experiments with Brilliant Blue solution (4 g/l) were conducted on four moraines of different ages (30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 yrs). At each moraine, three dye tracer experiments were conducted on plots of 1.5 × 1.0 m. The three plots at each moraine were characterized by different vegetation complexities (low, medium, high). Each plot was further divided into three equal subplots for the application of three different irrigation amounts (20, 40, 60 mm) with an average irrigation intensity of 20 mm/h. The day after the experiment five vertical soil sections were excavated and the stained flow paths were photographed. Digital image analysis was used to derive average infiltration depths and flow path characteristics such as the volume and surface density of the dye patterns. Based on the volume density, the observed dye patterns were assigned to specific flow type categories. The results show a significant change in type of preferential flow paths along the chronosequence. The flow types change from a rather homogeneous gravity driven matrix flow in coarse material with high conductivities and a sparse vegetation cover at the youngest moraine to a heterogeneous infiltration pattern at the medium-age moraines. Heterogeneous matrix and finger flow are dominant at these intermediate age classes. At the oldest moraine only macro pore flow via root channels was observed in deeper parts of the soil, in combination with a very high water storage capacity of the organic top layer and low hydraulic conductivity of the deeper soil. In general, we found an increase in water storage with increasing age of the moraines, based on our observations of the reduction in infiltration depth as well as laboratory measurements of porosity. Preferential flow is, however, not only caused by macropores, but especially for the medium age moraine seems to be initiated mainly by soil surface characteristics (vegetation patches and micro-topography).
On the configuration and initialization of a large-scale hydrological land surface model to represent permafrost
Authors: Elshamy Mohamed E. , Princz Daniel , Sapriza-Azuri Gonzalo , Abdelhamed Mohamed S. , Pietroniro Al , Wheater Howard S. , Razavi Saman
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Permafrost is an important feature of cold-region hydrology, particularly in
river basins such as the Mackenzie River basin (MRB), and it needs to be
properly represented in hydrological and land surface models (H-LSMs) built
into existing Earth system models (ESMs), especially under the unprecedented
climate warming trends that have been observed. Higher rates of warming have
been reported in high latitudes compared to the global average, resulting in
permafrost thaw with wide-ranging implications for hydrology and feedbacks
to climate. The current generation of H-LSMs is being improved to simulate
permafrost dynamics by allowing deep soil profiles and incorporating organic
soils explicitly. Deeper soil profiles have larger hydraulic and thermal
memories that require more effort to initialize. This study aims to devise a
robust, yet computationally efficient, initialization and parameterization
approach applicable to regions where data are scarce and simulations
typically require large computational resources. The study further
demonstrates an upscaling approach to inform large-scale ESM simulations
based on the insights gained by modelling at small scales. We used
permafrost observations from three sites along the Mackenzie River valley
spanning different permafrost classes to test the validity of the approach.
Results show generally good performance in reproducing present-climate
permafrost properties at the three sites. The results also emphasize the
sensitivity of the simulations to the soil layering scheme used, the depth
to bedrock, and the organic soil properties.
Contribution of personal weather stations to the observation of deep-convection features near the ground
Authors: Mandement Marc , Caumont Olivier
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The lack of observations near the surface is often cited as a limiting factor in the observation and prediction of deep convection. Recently, networks of personal weather stations (PWSs) measuring pressure, temperature and humidity in near-real time have been rapidly developing. Even if they suffer from quality issues, their high temporal resolution and their higher spatial density than standard weather station (SWS) networks have aroused interest in using them to observe deep convection. In this study, the PWS contribution to the observation of deep-convection features near the ground is evaluated. Four cases of deep convection in 2018 over France were considered using data from Netatmo, a PWS manufacturer. A fully automatic PWS processing algorithm, including PWS quality control, was developed. After processing, the mean number of observations available increased by a factor of 134 in mean sea level pressure (MSLP), of 11 in temperature and of 14 in relative humidity over the areas of study. Near-surface SWS analyses and analyses comprising standard and personal weather stations (SPWSs) were built. The usefulness of crowdsourced data was proven both objectively and subjectively for deep-convection observation. Objective validations of SWS and SPWS analyses by leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) were performed using SWSs as the validation dataset. Over the four cases, LOOCV root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) decreased for all parameters in SPWS analyses compared to SWS analyses. RMSEs decreased by 73 % to 77 % in MSLP, 12 % to 23 % in temperature and 17 % to 21 % in relative humidity. Subjectively, fine-scale structures showed up in SPWS analyses, while being partly, or not at all, visible in SWS observations only. MSLP jumps accompanying squall lines or individual cells were observed as well as wake lows at the rear of these lines. Temperature drops and humidity rises accompanying most of the storms were observed sooner and at a finer resolution in SPWS analyses than in SWS analyses. The virtual potential temperature was spatialized at an unprecedented spatial resolution. This provided the opportunity for observing cold-pool propagation and secondary convective initiation over areas with high virtual potential temperatures, i.e. favourable locations for near-surface parcel lifting.
Temporal evolution of temperatures in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden based on in situ observations (1958–2017)
Authors: Agulles Miguel , Jordà Gabriel , Jones Burt , Agustí Susana , Duarte Carlos M.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Red Sea holds one of the most diverse marine
ecosystems in the world, although fragile and vulnerable to ocean warming.
Several studies have analysed the spatio-temporal evolution of
temperature in the Red Sea using satellite data, thus focusing only on the
surface layer and covering the last ∼30 years. To better
understand the long-term variability and trends of temperature in the
whole water column, we produce a 3-D gridded temperature product (TEMPERSEA)
for the period 1958–2017, based on a large number of in situ observations,
covering the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. After a specific quality control,
a mapping algorithm based on optimal interpolation have been applied to
homogenize the data. Also, an estimate of the uncertainties of the product
has been generated. The calibration of the algorithm and the uncertainty
computation has been done through sensitivity experiments based on synthetic
data from a realistic numerical simulation. TEMPERSEA has been compared to satellite observations of sea surface
temperature for the period 1981–2017, showing good agreement especially in
those periods when a reasonable number of observations were available. Also,
very good agreement has been found between air temperatures and
reconstructed sea temperatures in the upper 100 m for the whole period
1958–2017, enhancing confidence in the quality of the product. The product has been used to characterize the spatio-temporal variability of
the temperature field in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at different timescales (seasonal, interannual and multidecadal). Clear differences have been
found between the two regions suggesting that the Red Sea variability is
mainly driven by air–sea interactions, while in the Gulf of Aden the
lateral advection of water plays a relevant role. Regarding long-term
evolution, our results show only positive trends above 40 m depth, with
maximum trends of 0.045 + 0.016 ∘C decade−1 at 15 m, and
the largest negative trends at 125 m (-0.072+0.011 ∘C decade−1). Multidecadal variations have a strong impact on the trend
computation and restricting them to the last 30–40 years of data can bias
high the trend estimates.