bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential and cooperative effects of IL-25 and IL-33 on T helper cells contribute to cryptococcal virulence and brain infection
Authors: Hansakon Adithap , Jeerawattanawart Siranart , Angkasekwinai Pornpimon
Published: June 2023

The epithelial cell-derived cytokines IL-33 and IL-25 are important mediators in driving type-2 inflammation during C. neoformans infection. Nevertheless, the impact of these cytokines in regulating host T helper cell response during C. neoformans infection is still unclear. We observed that C. neoformans infection promoted a predominant increase of T helper cells that co-expressed IL-25 and IL-33 receptors within the lung during the late infection phase. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of effector T helper cells co-treated with IL-25 and IL-33 revealed a cooperative effect of these cytokines in promoting IL-13 gene expression. Without IL-25 receptor signaling, IL-33 treatment upregulated Th1-associated genes and genes associated with nucleotide metabolism. By contrast, IL-25 had a unique effect in enhancing type-2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-9 and chemokine CCL24, as well as genes in the pathways that are associated with L-arginine metabolisms. Interestingly, this pathogenic T helper cell population that expressed IL-25 and IL-33 receptors was greatly enriched in mice that were infected with high cryptococcal virulence and associated with fungal burdens in the brain. Therefore, our data further provide the additional function of IL-25 and IL-33 in potentiating cryptococcal brain dissemination.
Conserved allosteric inhibitory site on the respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerases
Authors: Kleiner Victoria A. , O. Fischmann Thierry , Howe John A. , Beshore Douglas C. , Eddins Michael J. , Hou Yan , Mayhood Todd , Klein Daniel , Nahas Debbie D. , Lucas Bob J. , Xi He , Murray Edward , Ma Daphne Y. , Getty Krista , Fearns Rachel
Published: June 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are related RNA viruses responsible for severe respiratory infections and resulting disease in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised adults1–3. Therapeutic small molecule inhibitors that bind to the RSV polymerase and inhibit viral replication are being developed, but their binding sites and molecular mechanisms of action remain largely unknown4. Here we report a conserved allosteric inhibitory site identified on the L polymerase proteins of RSV and HMPV that can be targeted by a dual-specificity, non-nucleoside inhibitor, termed MRK-1. Cryo-EM structures of the inhibitor in complexes with truncated RSV and full-length HMPV polymerase proteins provide a structural understanding of how MRK-1 is active against both viruses. Functional analyses indicate that MRK-1 inhibits conformational changes necessary for the polymerase to engage in RNA synthesis initiation and to transition into an elongation mode. Competition studies reveal that the MRK-1 binding pocket is distinct from that of a capping inhibitor with an overlapping resistance profile, suggesting that the polymerase conformation bound by MRK-1 may be distinct from that involved in mRNA capping. These findings should facilitate optimization of dual RSV and HMPV replication inhibitors and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their polymerase activities.
Intersystem crossing of perylene bisimide neutral, radical anion, and dianion derivatives compared via ultrafast spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Heitmüller Julia , Fröhlich Rebecca , Renner Rebecca , Würthner Frank , Brixner Tobias
Published: June 2023

Neutral radical anion and dianion perylene bisimides studied for their intersystem crossing behavior by ultrafast transient absorption and coherent 2D-Vis spectrochemistry offer insights for application in photoelectric devices.
Sustainable utilization of natural sands for cleaner preparation of high-performance nanostructured cobalt blue composite pigments by dolomite-induced mechanochemistry
Authors: Yang Hao , Mu Bin , Zhang Tenghe , Lu Yushen , Wang Aiqin
Published: June 2023

Dolomite-induced mechanochemical preparation of CoAl2O4 composite pigments with low cobalt consumption and high blue intensity based on the sustainable utilization of natural sands.
Ru(ii)/Ru(iv)-catalyzed C(sp2)–H allylation with alkene difunctionalization to access isochroman-1-imines
Authors: Joshi Ashish , Moorthy Shruti , Chavada Lilesh Rambhai , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Pandey Ashok Kumar
Published: June 2023

C(sp2)–H allylation and alkene difunctionalization were combined to access isochroman-1-imines. Experimental results and DFT analysis indicated that C–H allylation occurred via a Ru(iv)-allyl transfer (redox) mechanism instead of an olefin insertion.
A biomimetic MoFe-NC for efficient N2 electroreduction to NH3
Authors: Chang Yingna , Li Jiawei , Zuo Yuxiang , Wang Jindi , Song Kefan , Liu Yu , Xing Rong , Zhang Guoxin
Published: June 2023

A binary Mo/Fe-nitrogen-carbon material (MoFe-NC) catalyst was synthesized following the concept of biological nitrogen fixation.
Metal-free and enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazepines frompara-quinone methide derivatives and α-bromohydroxamates
Authors: Qi Suo-Suo , Luo Xin , Sun Xiao-Ping , Zhai Jing-Jing , Chu Ming-Ming , Chen Jin , Wang Yi-Feng , Xu Dan-Qian
Published: June 2023

A sequential asymmetric conjugate addition/cyclisation of α-bromohydroxamates withpara-quinone methide derivatives has been developed to afford enantioenriched 1,4-benzoxazepines.
NiPd co-doped nitrogen-coordinated graphene as a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions: a first-principles determination
Authors: Huang Kaiwen , Yang Weihua , Li Lei , Li Yameng , Huang Rao , Wen Yuhua
Published: June 2023

High-energy-density fuel cells and metal–air batteries are difficult to commercialize on a large scale mainly because of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode.
Experimental and theoretical insights into the structure and molecular dynamics of 2,3,3′,4′-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene – a chemopreventive agent
Authors: Pajzderska Aleksandra , Wierzchowski Marcin , Łażewski Dawid , Gielara-Korzańska Agnieszka , Korzański Artur , Popenda Łukasz , Jenczyk Jacek , Juranyi Fanni , Embs Jan P. , Wąsicki Jan
Published: June 2023

The methoxy analogue of a trans-stilbene compound – 2,3,3′,4′-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene – was selected to characterize its crystallographic structure, intermolecular interactions and molecular dynamics.
Fundamental properties of alkali-intercalated bilayer graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Huynh Thi My Duyen , Hung Guo-Song , Gumbs Godfrey , Tran Ngoc Thanh Thuy
Published: June 2023

Alkali-metal intercalated GNRs reveal feature-rich properties, including a transformation from finite gap semiconducting to metallic behaviors, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivity. The H decoration of edge structures offers additional insights into magnetization.
Near-infrared metal agents assisting precision medicine: from strategic design to bioimaging and therapeutic applications
Authors: Li Chonglu , Pang Yida , Xu Yuling , Lu Mengjiao , Tu Le , Li Qian , Sharma Amit , Guo Zhenzhong , Li Xiangyang , Sun Yao
Published: June 2023

Metal agents have made incredible strides in preclinical research and clinical applications, but their short emission/absorption wavelengths continue to be a barrier to their distribution, therapeutic action, visual tracking, and efficacy evaluation.
Core–shell nanostructured Cu-based bi-metallic electrocatalysts for co-production of ethylene and acetate
Authors: Tan Jeannie Z. Y. , Virdee Ashween Kaur , Andresen John M. , Maroto-Valer M. Mercedes
Published: June 2023

A three-compartment alkaline flow-through electrolyser was successfully developed and the single pass conversion of syngas to ethylene achieved was 2.5 mM cm−2 in the optimised conditions.
Atomic-scale structure of interfacial water on gel and liquid phase lipid membranes
Authors: Benaglia Simone , Read Harriet , Fumagalli Laura
Published: June 2023

The molecular arrangement of interfacial water upon solid-to-liquid phase transition of lipid molecules was investigated with sub-molecular resolution by 3D AFM.
The cross-coupling reaction of organoalane reagents with 2-methylthiobenzo[d]thiazolesviaC–S bond cleavage catalyzed by nickel
Authors: Jiang Xin , Xiao Hongliu , Jia Xiaoying , Pu Jiaxia , Han Lirong , Li Qinghan
Published: June 2023

Nickel catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-methylthiobenzo[d]thiazole with aryl/alkenyl aluminum to obtain various derivatives of 2-(hetero)aryl/2-alkenyl substituted benzo[d]thiazoles in 31–94% isolated yields.
Strong light–matter coupling in pentacene thin films on plasmonic arrays
Authors: Theurer Christoph P. , Laible Florian , Tang Jia , Broch Katharina , Fleischer Monika , Schreiber Frank
Published: June 2023

Strong light–matter coupling is demonstrated in a polycrystalline thin film material with singlet fission ability on open nanoparticle cavities.
Facile access to diverse polyethylenesvianeutral salicylaldiminato nickel catalysts
Authors: Li Qiankun , Mu Hongliang , Jian Zhongbao
Published: June 2023

A new family of neutral salicylaldiminato nickel(ii) catalysts enables ethylene polymerization to produce diverse polyethylene materials including polyethylene plastic, elastomer, wax and oil.
A pyridinium-modified chitosan-based adsorbent for arsenic removal via a coagulation-like methodology
Authors: Venegas-García Deysi J. , Steiger Bernd G. K. , Wilson Lee D.
Published: June 2023

Green chemistry afforded modification of chitosan to afford solid phase extraction of arsenic with unique adsorbent properties and sustainability.
A curated list of targeted optimized promiscuous ketoreductases (TOP-K)
Authors: Shanbhag Anirudh P , Rajagopal Sreenath , Ghatak Arindam , Katagihallimath Nainesh , Subramanian Ramaswamy , Datta Santanu
Published: June 2023

Enzymes are either specific or promiscuous catalysts in nature. The latter is portrayed by protein families like CYP450Es, Aldo-ketoreductases, and Short/Medium-chain dehydrogenases which participate in detoxification or secondary metabolite production. However, enzymes are evolutionarily ‘blind’ to an ever-increasing synthetic substrate library. Industries and labs have circumvented this by high-throughput screening or site-specific engineering to synthesize the product of interest. However, this paradigm entails cost and time-intensive one-enzyme, one-substrate catalysis model. One of the superfamilies regularly used for chiral alcohol synthesis are Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). Our objective is to determine a superset of promiscuous SDRs that can catalyze multiple ketones. They are typically classified into shorter 'Classical' and longer 'Extended' type ketoreductases. However, current analysis of modelled SDRs reveals a length-independent conserved N-terminus Rossmann-fold and a variable substrate binding C-terminus substrate-binding region for both categories. The latter is recognized to influence the enzyme's flexibility and substrate promiscuity and we hypothesize these properties are directly linked with each other. We tested this by catalyzing ketone-intermediates with the essential and specific enzyme: FabG_E, as well as non-essential SDRs such as UcpA and IdnO. The experimental results confirmed this biochemical-biophysical association, making it an interesting filter for ascertaining promiscuous enzymes. Hence, we created a dataset of physicochemical properties derived from the protein sequences and employed machine-learning algorithms to examine potential candidates. This resulted in 24 targeted optimized ketoreductases (TOP-K) from 81,014 members. The experimental validation of select TOP-Ks demonstrated the correlation between the C-terminal lid-loop structure, enzyme flexibility and turnover rate on pro-pharmaceutical substrates.
Biochemical Society support in action: experiences from our community
Authors: Ollett Lucy
Published: June 2023

Throughout the year, the Biochemical Society offers a programme of grants for all career stages supporting research, attendance at scientific conferences and the sponsorship of events. So far in 2023, we have awarded over £163,000 towards lab visits, seminar series, and the advancement of research. In this article, we are delighted to share a few insights from our community that highlight the variety of projects and opportunities made possible by our funding. For more information about our funding opportunities and the application process, please visit our website.
Identification of biomarkers and immune infiltration in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure by integrated analysis
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Yuling , Zhang Yan , Li Su , Chen Yuqiong , Han Bing , Lu Yao
Published: June 2023

The mortality of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains high. The aim of the present study was to analyze hub genes and immune infiltration in patients with AMI and heart failure (HF). The study utilized five publicly available gene expression datasets from peripheral blood in patients with AMI who either developed or did not develop HF. The unbiased patterns of 24 immune cell were estimated by xCell algorithm. Single-cell RNA sequencing data were used to examine the immune cell infiltration in heart failure patients. Hub genes were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR). In comparison with the coronary heart disease (CHD) group, immune infiltration analysis of AMI patients showed that macrophages M1, macrophages, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT cells were the five most highly activated cell types. Five common immune-related genes (S100A12, AQP9, CSF3R, S100A9, and CD14) were identified as hub genes associated with AMI. Using RT-qPCR, we confirmed FOS, DUSP1, CXCL8, and NFKBIA as the potential biomarkers to identify AMI patients at risk of HF. The study identified several transcripts that differentiate between AMI and CHD, and between HF and non-HF patients. These findings could improve our understanding of the immune response in AMI and HF, and allow for early identification of AMI patients at risk of HF.
Amyloids and brain cancer: molecular linkages and crossovers
Authors: Singh Shalini , Joshi Vibhuti , Upadhyay Arun
Published: June 2023

Amyloids are high-order proteinaceous formations deposited in both intra- and extracellular spaces. These aggregates have tendencies to deregulate cellular physiology in multiple ways; for example, altered metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunctions, immune modulation, etc. When amyloids are formed in brain tissues, the endpoint often is death of neurons. However, interesting but least understood is a close connection of amyloids with another set of conditions in which brain cells proliferate at an extraordinary rate and form tumor inside brain. Glioblastoma is one such condition. Increasing number of evidence indicate a possible link between amyloid formation and depositions in brain tumors. Several proteins associated with cell cycle regulation and apoptotic pathways themselves have shown to possess high tendencies to form amyloids. Tumor suppressor protein p53 is one prominent example that mutate, oligomerize and form amyloids leading to loss- or gain-of-functions and cause increased cell proliferation and malignancies. In this review article, we present available examples, genetic links and common pathways that indicate that possibly the two distantly placed pathways: amyloid formation and developing cancers in the brain have similarities and are mechanistically intertwined together.
All these screens that we’ve done: how functional genetic screens have informed our understanding of ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Harold Cecelia M.
Published: June 2023

Ribosome biogenesis is the complex and essential process that ultimately leads to the synthesis of cellular proteins. Understanding each step of this essential process is imperative to increase our understanding of basic biology, but also more critically, to provide novel therapeutic avenues for genetic and developmental diseases such as ribosomopathies and cancers which can arise when this process is impaired. In recent years, significant advances in technology have made identifying and characterizing novel human regulators of ribosome biogenesis via high-content, high-throughput screens. Additionally, screening platforms have been used to discover novel therapeutics for cancer. These screens have uncovered a wealth of knowledge regarding novel proteins involved in human ribosome biogenesis, from the regulation of the transcription of the ribosomal RNA to global protein synthesis. Specifically, comparing the discovered proteins in these screens showed interesting connections between large ribosomal subunit (LSU) maturation factors and earlier steps in ribosome biogenesis, as well as overall nucleolar integrity. In this review, a discussion of the current standing of screens for human ribosome biogenesis factors through the lens of comparing the datasets and discussing the biological implications of the areas of overlap will be combined with a look toward other technologies and how they can be adapted to discover more factors involved in ribosome synthesis, and answer other outstanding questions in the field.
Mammalian cargo receptors for endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport: mechanisms and interactions
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Srivastava Vishal , Zhang Bin
Published: June 2023

Proteins that are destined to enter the secretory pathway are synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then translocated into the ER lumen, where they undergo posttranslational modifications, folding, and assembly. After passing a quality control system, the cargo proteins are packaged into coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles to exit the ER. In metazoans, most COPII subunits have multiple paralogs, enabling COPII vesicles the flexibility to transport a diverse range of cargo. The cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins can interact with SEC24 subunits of COPII to enter the ER exit sites. Some transmembrane proteins may also act as cargo receptors that bind soluble secretory proteins within the ER lumen, enabling them to enter COPII vesicles. The cytoplasmic domains of cargo receptors also contain coat protein complex I binding motifs that allow for their cycling back to the ER after unloading their cargo in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and cis-Golgi. Once unloaded, the soluble cargo proteins continue maturation through the Golgi before reaching their final destinations. This review provides an overview of receptor-mediated transport of secretory proteins from the ER to the Golgi, with a focus on the current understanding of two mammalian cargo receptors: the LMAN1–MCFD2 complex and SURF4, and their roles in human health and disease.
Conformations, interactions and functions of intrinsically disordered syndecans
Authors: Ricard-Blum Sylvie , Couchman John R.
Published: June 2023

Syndecans are transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans present on most mammalian cell surfaces. They have a long evolutionary history, a single syndecan gene being expressed in bilaterian invertebrates. Syndecans have attracted interest because of their potential roles in development and disease, including vascular diseases, inflammation and various cancers. Recent structural data is providing important insights into their functions, which are complex, involving both intrinsic signaling through cytoplasmic binding partners and co-operative mechanisms where syndecans form a signaling nexus with other receptors such as integrins and tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors. While the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4 has a well-defined dimeric structure, the syndecan ectodomains are intrinsically disordered, which is linked to a capacity to interact with multiple partners. However, it remains to fully establish the impact of glycanation and partner proteins on syndecan core protein conformations. Genetic models indicate that a conserved property of syndecans links the cytoskeleton to calcium channels of the transient receptor potential class, compatible with roles as mechanosensors. In turn, syndecans influence actin cytoskeleton organization to impact motility, adhesion and the extracellular matrix environment. Syndecan clustering with other cell surface receptors into signaling microdomains has relevance to tissue differentiation in development, for example in stem cells, but also in disease where syndecan expression can be markedly up-regulated. Since syndecans have potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as possible targets in some forms of cancer, it remains important to unravel structure/function relationships in the four mammalian syndecans.
Effects of Aided Communication on Communicative Participation for People With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Peters Betts , Wiedrick Jack , Baylor Carolyn
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Many people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) experience speech changes, which may interfere with participation in communication situations. This study was designed to investigate the effects of aided communication on self-rated communicative participation among PALS and the relationship between speech function and communicative participation for PALS at various stages of speech impairment and communication aid use.

Method:

Participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis completed an online questionnaire in which they identified their current communication methods, rated their speech function, and rated their communicative participation in various situations on a modified version of the Communicative Participation Item Bank short form. PALS who reported using aided communication rated their communicative participation under two conditions: with unaided communication only and with access to all of their communication methods.

Results:

Communication aids appeared to support communicative participation for many participants with dysarthria. Across all levels of speech function, PALS who use aided communication reported better participation under the all-methods condition than the unaided-only condition, with the largest benefits for participants with anarthria (Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale [ALSFRS-R] speech rating = 0). Communicative participation ratings worsened with more severe speech impairment under both conditions for most levels of speech function, but PALS with anarthria (ALSFRS-R speech rating = 0) reported better participation under the all-methods condition than those who used residual speech in combination with non speech methods (ALSFRS-R speech rating = 1).

Conclusions:

Aided communication can help PALS continue to participate in various communication situations as their speech function deteriorates. Variability in self-rated communicative participation, even for PALS at the same level of speech function, highlights the need for an individualized approach and consideration of personal and environmental factors in augmentative and alternative communication intervention.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22782986
Test–Retest Reliability of Microlinguistic Information Derived From Spoken Discourse in Persons With Chronic Aphasia
Authors: Stark Brielle C. , Alexander Julianne M. , Hittson Anne , Doub Ashleigh , Igleheart Madison , Streander Taylor , Jewell Emily
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to characterize test–retest reliability of discourse measures across a battery of common tasks in individuals with aphasia and prospectively matched adults without brain damage.

Method:

We collected spoken discourse during five monologue tasks at two timepoints (test and retest; within 2 weeks apart) in an aphasia group (
n
= 23) and a peer group with no brain damage (
n
= 24). We evaluated test–retest reliability for percentage of correct information units, correct information units per minute, mean length of utterance, verbs per utterance, noun/verb ratio, open/closed class word ratio, tokens, sample duration (seconds), propositional idea density, type–token ratio, and words per minute. We explored reliability's relationship with sample length and aphasia severity.

Results:

Rater reliability was excellent. Across tasks, both groups demonstrated discourse measures with poor, moderate, and good reliability, with the aphasia group having measures demonstrating excellent test–retest reliability. When evaluating measures within each task, test–retest reliability again ranged from poor to excellent for both groups. Across groups and task, measures that appeared most reliable appeared to reflect lexical, informativeness, or fluency information. Sample length and aphasia severity impacted reliability, and this differed across and by task.

Conclusions:

We identified several discourse measures that were reliable across and within tasks. Test–retest statistics are intimately linked to the specific sample, emphasizing the importance of multiple baseline studies. Task itself should be considered an important variable, and it should not be assumed that discourse measures found to be reliable across several tasks (averaged) are likewise reliable for a single task.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23298032
Significance mode analysis (SigMA) for hierarchical structures
Authors: Ratzenböck Sebastian , Großschedl Josefa E. , Möller Torsten , Alves João , Bomze Immanuel , Meingast Stefan
Published: June 2023

We present a new clustering method, significance mode analysis (SigMA), for extracting co-spatial and co-moving stellar populations from large-scale surveys such as ESAGaia. The method studies the topological properties of the density field in the multidimensional phase space. We validatedSigMAon simulated clusters and find that it outperforms competing methods, especially in cases where many clusters are closely spaced. We applied the new method toGaiaDR3 data of the closest OB association to Earth, Scorpio-Centaurus (Sco-Cen), and find more than 13 000 co-moving young objects, about 19% of which have a substellar mass.SigMAfinds 37 co-moving clusters in Sco-Cen. These clusters are independently validated by their narrow Hertzsprung-Russell diagram sequences and, to a certain extent, by their association with massive stars too bright forGaia, and are hence unknown toSigMA. We compared our results with similar recent work and find that theSigMAalgorithm recovers richer populations, is able to distinguish clusters with velocity differences down to about 0.5 km s−1, and reaches cluster volume densities as low as 0.01 sources pc−3. The 3D distribution of these 37 coeval clusters implies a larger extent and volume for the Sco-Cen OB association than typically assumed in the literature. Additionally, we find the association more actively star-forming and dynamically complex than previously thought. We confirm that the star-forming molecular clouds in the Sco-Cen region, namely, Ophiuchus, L134/L183, Pipe Nebula, Corona Australis, Lupus, and Chamaeleon, are part of the Sco-Cen association. The application ofSigMAto Sco-Cen demonstrates that advanced machine learning tools applied to the superbGaiadata allows an accurate census of the young populations to be constructed, which in turn allows us to quantify their dynamics and recreate the recent star formation history of the local Milky Way.
The scaling relations of galaxies back in time: The road toward virialization
Authors: D’Onofrio M. , Chiosi C.
Published: June 2023

Context. The structural scaling relations (SSRs) of galaxies, that is, the observed correlations between effective radius, effective surface intensity, and velocity dispersion, are important tools for understanding how evolution proceeds.

Aims. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate that the evolution of the SSRs back in time is governed by a combination of virial theorem (VT) and the relation L = L0′(t)σβ(t), where the parameters β and L0′ vary with time and from galaxy to galaxy.

Methods. Using the WINGS database for the galaxies at redshift z = 0 and the Illustris-1 and IllustrisTNG databases of artificial galaxies, for the galaxies up to redshift z = 4, we analyse the SSRs back in time and, by means of simple algebraic expressions for L0′ and β (functions of time and other physical quantities), we derive the expected paths followed by galaxies in the various SSRs toward the distributions observed at z = 0.

Results. The distribution of galaxies in the SSRs is ultimately related to the evolution in luminosity and velocity dispersion, which are empirically mirrored by the L = L0′(t)σβ(t) law. Furthermore, the β parameter works as a thermometer of the virialization of a galaxy. This parameter can assume either positive or negative values, and its absolute value attains high values when the galaxy is close to the virial condition, while it tends to zero when the galaxy is far from this condition.

Conclusions. As the SSRs change with time, the method proposed in this paper allows us to decipher the temporal evolution of galaxies.
Variable stars in the residual light curves of OGLE-IV eclipsing binaries towards the Galactic Bulge
Authors: Ádám R. Z. , Hajdu T. , Bódi A. , Hajdu R. , Szklenár T. , Molnár L.
Published: June 2023

Context. The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) observed around 450 000 eclipsing binaries (EBs) towards the Galactic Bulge. Decade-long photometric observations such as these provide an exceptional opportunity to thoroughly examine the targets. However, observing dense stellar fields such as the Bulge may result in blends and contamination by close objects.

Aims. We searched for periodic variations in the residual light curves of EBs in OGLE-IV and created a new catalogue for the EBs that contain ‘background’ signals after the investigation of the source of the signal.

Methods. From the about half a million EB systems, we selected those that contain more than 4000 data points. We fitted the EB signal with a simple model and subtracted it. To identify periodical signals in the residuals, we used a GPU-based phase dispersion minimisation python algorithm called cuvarbase and validated the found periods with Lomb-Scargle periodograms. We tested the reliability of our method with artificial light curves.

Results. We identified 354 systems where short-period background variation was significant. In these cases, we determined whether it is a new variable or just the result of contamination by an already catalogued nearby one. We classified 292 newly found variables into EB, δ Scuti, or RR Lyrae categories, or their sub-classes, and collected them in a catalogue. We also discovered four new doubly eclipsing systems and one eclipsing multiple system with a δ Scuti variable, and modelled the outer orbits of the components.
Universal Gas-Liquid Flow Pattern Map and Its Use on Closure Relationship Selection
Authors: Korelstein Leonid , Pereyra Eduardo
Published: June 2023

Mechanistic modelling is a common approach to predict design parameters such as flow pattern, pressure drop, or liquid holdup in gas-liquid flow in pipes. This approach starts with the application of continuity and momentum balance and required supplementary relationships to close the system of the equations. These additional equations are also called closure relationships which are developed with experimental results for given conditions. These relationships evolved with time as researchers acquired experimental data under different conditions. Unfortunately, new closures are developed for the new conditions rather than universal relationships that can cover a wider set of conditions. This situation generates the need for a methodology that allows the inclusion of newly develop closures to increase the accuracy of the unified mechanistic models. This paper starts with a description of all the available two-dimension maps that can facilitate the visualization of the data. This allows the determination of regions where a particular set of closures minimize the discrepancy between calculated and measured parameters. This paper proposes a simplification of a modern solution to provide a simpler way to visualize the regions corresponding to a set of equations. The final proposed solution reveals a substantial reduction of the average discrepancy of the unified mechanistic model by selecting the most appropriate closures.
Network simulation of two-phase flows in a microfluidic chip
Authors: Filimonov Sergey , Pryazhnikov Maxim , Pryazhnikov Andrey
Published: June 2023

The paper presents the results of development and validation of a network mathematical model and a numerical algorithm for calculating two-phase flows of immiscible liquids in highly branched microchannel systems. The hydrodynamic model is based on the pore-network approach, which provides a significantly higher computational speed compared to the methods of computational fluid dynamics. Validation of the developed mathematical model and numerical algorithm was carried out on experimental data obtained on the problems of single-phase and two-phase flows in microfluidic chips. Satisfactory qualitative and quantitative agreement between the results of experiments and calculations was obtained.
A study of problems of the multilevel probabilistic modeling for hydraulic conditions in pipeline systems
Authors: Vanteeva Olga
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to of the multilevel probabilistic modeling problem for hydraulic conditions of pipeline systems (PSL) having a hybrid topology. The essence of the multilevel approach is to decompose of the design topology into a multi-loop part and tree-shaped branches by applying calculation techniques appropriate for each of the parts. A numerical study of the proposed approach was carried out on a example, which showed that to calculate all parameters except for the nodal pressure dispersions, it is sufficient to use the methods previously developed by the authors. To calculate the nodal pressure dispersions, it is necessary to take into account the correlation of the pressure field of the multi-loop and tree-like levels of the design scheme.
Methodological provisions to the formation of district-distributed heating systems
Authors: Postnikov Ivan , Mednikova Ekaterina
Published: June 2023

The main methodological principles for the transformation of district heating systems into ones of a district-distributed type, optimally combining distributed (decentralized) and district (centralized) areas, are proposed, based on a comprehensive solution of problems of assessing the economic efficiency and reliability of heating to consumers. Wherein, the distributed sector is formed based on a prosumer that has its own generation, covering part of its own heat load and providing an additional functional and time redundancy for the system. As a result, сonclusions and directions for further research are formulated.
A stochastic material balance model for leak location in oil pipelines
Authors: Chionov Anton , Korshunov Sergei
Published: June 2023

The material balance method, being the basic algorithm of leak detection systems (LDS), is discussed. A criterion for making a decision concerning a leak is substantiated; the issue of determining the sensitivity limit of the material balance algorithm is discussed.
Introduction of a new method of measuring the water level when creating a digital monitoring system of the Baikal water area
Authors: Nikolaev Andrey , Fiskin Eugene , Fiskina Margarita , Belousov Roman
Published: June 2023

In this article, the solution of the tasks of monitoring the Baikal natural water area is supplemented by the introduction of a new method of measuring the water level. This method is aimed at solving current problems and tasks that arose earlier in the development of a digital monitoring system.[1-2] The transition to a new measurement method will improve the accuracy of measurements, calculate both the average level of the entire Lake Baikal and the local level in certain regions of the lake. The possibility of radio-channel data transmission makes it possible to capture data in remote areas of Lake Baikal. Our own innovative method of measuring the water level is characterized by a simple setup and calibration of the sensitive elements of the device, which allows you to set the required number of monitoring points throughout Lake Baikal. The introduction of a new measurement method will create a budget monitoring system that is not inferior to foreign analogues.
Application experience of the theory hydraulic circuits methods and modern technologies for organizing operating conditions of Mongolian district heating systems
Authors: Novitsky Nikolay , Shalaginova Zoya , Tokarev Vyacheslav , Alekseev Aleksandr , Unurmaa Tsevegjav
Published: June 2023

An analysis of the district heating systems (DHS) current state in Mongolia and the problems of their functioning is given. The experience of applying the theory hydraulic circuits methods and the informationcomputer complex «ANGARAHN» developed at the ISEM SB RAS for modeling and organizing the operating conditions of the Mongolia DHS is given. Ways have been outlined to improve the reliability, efficiency and quality of DHS work. The tendencies, directions and possibilities of overcoming the existing problems in operating conditions control are outlined. including, - the development of scientific, methodological and software for solving new problems of operational control (monitoring the state, calibrating models, active identification and optimization of modes) based on the creation of a common digital space.
Surface morphology in plasma jet polishing: theoretical description and application
Authors: Müller Heike , Arnold Thomas
Published: June 2023

Atmospheric pressure plasma jets are effective for generating optical freeform surfaces and correcting figure errors. They can also reduce high spatial frequency surface roughness, potentially replacing mechanical-abrasive polishing. Plasma jet polishing (PJP) involves thermally driven material redistribution. Current research aims to predict surface topography and roughness by analyzing initial surface topography and the local effect of the plasma jet tool. The tool interaction function was mathematically described by evaluating a microstructure pattern before and after PJP, revealing a 2D Gaussian convolution function. This function can be applied to areal topography measurements of lapped and mechanically ground surfaces to predict the polishing performance with respect to reduction of tool marks originating from pre-machining processes. Additionally, the convolution function can be used to predict the dimensions of an initial surface structure in order to produce a defined smooth microstructure using PJP. Evaluating the smoothing capability of PJP helps identify suitable pre-machining conditions in optics manufacturing, such as grinding or laser micromachining, enabling a more efficient process chain for freeform optics fabrication.
An analysis of the desire to make radiation measurements and to dialogue with experts among the residents of Tomioka town, Fukushima Prefecture: about the implementation of the co-expertise process
Authors: Thu Zar W. , Matsunaga H. , Xiao X. , Lochard J. , Orita M. , Takamura N.
Published: June 2023

The article presents a contribution concerning the desire to make radiation measurements and to dialogue with experts among the residents of Tomioka town close to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan at the time of the lifting of the relocation order in 2017. Relying on data from a questionnaire conducted at the same time with approximately 8000 residents aged 20 years or older who lived in Tomioka before the accident, a logistic regression analysis was performed to identify retrospectively the factors having driven these desires. The results shed some light on the motivation of affected people to engage in the co-expertise process implemented in Tomioka by experts from Nagasaki University and local authorities. In essence there are two significant results: (i) the people who have the desire to make radiation measurements are those who are reluctant to eat foods produced in the town and who already had an experience of radiation measurement, (ii) the people who have the desire to dialogue with experts about radiation exposure and health effects are above 60 years old and are reluctant to eat foods produced in the town and to drink tap water. In both cases people can imagine living in Tomioka now and in the future. Perspectives regarding future research are envisaged.
Neuroprotektive Wirkungen von Antidiabetika in der Therapie von Patienten mit Diabetes und Glaukom oder hohem Glaukomrisiko
Authors: Weisser Burkhard , Erb Carl
Published: June 2023

Das Glaukom ist mit zahlreichen Risikofaktoren und internistischen Erkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 verbunden. Der Typ-2-Diabetes-mellitus führt peripher und im Gehirn zu neurodegenerativen Veränderungen. Möglicherweise liegt in der Neurodegeneration auch eine Gemeinsamkeit in der Pathophysiologie und Ätiologie beider Erkrankungen. Interessanterweise scheinen zahlreiche Medikamente zur Therapie des Diabetes mellitus unabhängig von der Senkung des Blutzuckers neuroprotektive Eigenschaften aufzuweisen. Obwohl prospektive, randomisierte klinische Studien dazu noch fehlen, scheinen besonders Metformin und Glucagon-like-Peptide-1-Receptor-Agonisten (GLP-1-RA) neuroprotektive Effekte aufzuweisen. Die immer noch sehr häufig eingesetzten Sulfonylharnstoffe (z. B. Glibenclamid, Glimepirid) senken zwar sehr potent den Blutzucker, haben bez. der Neuroprotektion wohl vergleichsweise weniger Effekte. In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden diese unterschiedlich ausgeprägten
neuroprotektiven Befunde dargestellt und eine mögliche Differenzialtherapie für Diabetiker mit Glaukom oder erhöhtem Glaukomrisiko in der Praxis diskutiert.
Pharmacological Interventions for Glucocorticoid-Induced
Osteoporosis: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Liang Haodong , Zhao Jinlong , Tian Tianzhao
Published: June 2023

There is still a lack of high-quality evidence-based studies on the efficacy of
drug treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The purpose of
this umbrella review is to comprehensively evaluate the existing evidence to
determine the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for GIOP. We
searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for systematic reviews
and/or meta-analyses (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed
at evaluating drug therapy for GIOP. Both the methodological quality and the
strength of recommendation of the endpoints included in the SRs were evaluated
by using the AMSTAR-2 tool and GRADE system, respectively. Six SRs involving
7225 GIOP patients in 59 RCTs were included in this umbrella review. The results
of the methodological quality evaluation showed that 2 high-quality, 2
low-quality and 2 critically low-quality SRs were included. The GRADE evaluation
results showed that the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation
of 46 outcome indicators were evaluated in the umbrella review; there were 3
with high-level evidence, 20 with moderate-level evidence, 15 with low-level
evidence, and 8 with very low-level evidence. Moderate- to high-level evidence
suggests that teriparatide, bisphosphonates, and denosumab can improve the bone
mineral density in patients with GIOP. The findings of this umbrella review can
enable patients and clinical healthcare professionals to choose the best drug
prescription.
Visible-Light-Induced Metal-Free Selenation of Tryptamines/3-Substituted Indoles
Authors: Singh Ravi P. , Singh Shashank , Naskar Kalyan S. , Kundu Arindam
Published: June 2023

Visible-light-mediated novel metal-free, oxidant-free phosphoric acid-catalyzed method for the synthesis of 2-selanyl NHCbz-tryptamines/3-subtituted indoles is presented. This direct C-2 selenation strategy, with environmental benign conditions by reaction of tryptamines/3-substituted indoles and diaryl/dialkyl selenides, allows access to a wide range of 2-aryl/alkylselanyl NHCbz-tryptamines/3-substituted indoles. An experimental investigation using UV/Vis, cyclic voltammetry, and controlled experiments sheds light on the plausible mechanism.
Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions Enabled by Ionic Ligand–Substrate Interactions
Authors: Zhu Ye , On Ivan K. W.
Published: June 2023

Enzymes harness an array of noncovalent interactions to accomplish stereospecific transformations. Similarly, chemists have engineered chiral catalysts capable of eliciting noncovalent interactions for asymmetric synthesis. In this context, incorporating ionic groups into synthetic transition-metal catalysts represents a promising design element for enantioselective reactions by engaging electrostatic interactions between ligands and substrates. However, the nondirectional nature of ionic interactions presents a unique challenge in precise transmission of chirality. This account summarizes our recent work on developing phosphine ligands possessing nonligating ionic groups for exerting long-range stereocontrol in Suzuki–Miyaura reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Remote Quaternary Stereocenters

3 Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxanes

4 Atropo-enantioenriched Biaryls

5 Conclusions
Synthesis and Coordination Behavior of 9,10-Diarsatriptycene
Authors: Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke , Inaba Ryoto , Kikuchi Takashi
Published: June 2023

Herein, 9,10-diheterotriptycenes (DHTs) containing heavy pnictogens (Pn, Pn = As, Sb, and Bi) are synthesized without using the dangerous chemicals used in conventional synthetic methods: tert-butyllithium, organomercury reagents, or trichloroarsine. In particular, 9,10-diarsatriptycene is obtained in relatively high yield and is stable under oxidation and coordination reactions. Additionally, the gold chloride complex 9,10-diarsatriptycene forms a one-dimensional supramolecular polymer constructed through coordination and aurophilic interactions.
Photochemical Reaction of 1,2-Naphthoquinone toward Enantioselective Synthesis of γ-Rubromycin: Viability Dependence on Chromophore
Authors: Ando Yoshio , Ohmori Ken , Ogawa Daichi , Wakita Fumihiro , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the enantioselective total synthesis of γ-rubromycin, we reported the photochemical reaction of 1,2-naphthoquinone as a promising solution to otherwise-difficult enantiocontrol of the single spiroacetal stereogenic center. The present study examined the applicability of this approach to more functionalized substrates, which revealed viability dependence on the chromophore structure differing in the position and number of methoxy substituents.
The Need for Presurgical Evaluation for Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Einerson Brett D. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Stephenson Megan L. , Khandelwal Meena , Holt Roxane , Duzyj Christina M. , Shrivastava Vineet K.
Published: June 2023

Staging or grading of placenta accreta spectrum has historically relied on histopathologic evaluation of placental and uterine specimens. This approach has limited utility, since it is retrospective in nature and does not allow for presurgical planning. Here, we argue for a paradigm shift to use of clinical and imaging characteristics to define the presurgical stage. We summarize past attempts at staging, and define a new data-driven approach to determining the stage prior to delivery. Use of this model may help hospitals direct patients to the most appropriate level of care for workup and management of placenta accreta spectrum.

Key Points