bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHOD OF COMMITMENT OF CRIMINAL OFFENSE AS INDICATION
Authors: ZEQIRI Jetmire
Published: October 2024

By undertaking various criminal activities, most of the perpetrators leave traces behind themselves which can be manifested according to the object of the attack, place, time, tools and actions undertaken in the preparatory phase, during the commission of the crime and after it. If it is proven that there are specific circumstances that point to the mentioned elements, it is highly possible that they will result in the basis of suspicion of the combination of the committed acts, namely the circumstances that they were committed by the same person, or the same group. In the operational work, it starts with the known perpetrators who are included in the criminal records precisely because of the appearance of such features in the commission of criminal acts, while in fact they were able to commit the new criminal act as well. Also, the surprise capture of the perpetrator in the act, i.e. his discovery in another way, is the basis for his involvement in other unrelated criminal offenses which were committed in the same way as for the offense for which he is deprived of his liberty . In the daily operational work, the official authorized persons discover a whole range of operational information with an indicative character - informal indicative evidence which usually serves as a guide of its own kind in the further work. Indices or grounds of suspicion (indicia - sign) - the grounds of suspicion are facts and circumstances which more or less indicate the existence of a criminal offense and the close or distant connection of the offenses with any person who directly committed, or is indirectly related to the work. Those in criminal processing are a necessary guide, based on which it can be concluded with greater or lesser certainty that it is about the specific criminal offense and that the specific person could be the perpetrator of it or the offense other criminal. In addition, the indices combined with the others, with the direct evidence complete the argumentative material, therefore it is no coincidence that the criminal police relies a large part of its activities precisely on the collection of operative information .
THE FAILURE OF EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION
Authors: KAMBERI Donika , SHEHU Shefik
Published: October 2024

The debate about the failure of the European Constitution has tended to polarize many scholars regarding the reasons why the European Constitution failed. However, having looked backwards into history in order to receive a more general overview a remaining puzzle is still there. In constitutional scholarship many efforts have been spent in trying to detach the concept of constitution from the nation-state framework and put it into a transnational concept even though in legal and political rhetoric the constitution appears to be linked with the nation-state only. The process in establishing a constitution for Europe encountered a debacle when the Netherlands and France refused the proposal. Scholars have debated this issue more than enough but still many questions remain unanswered regarding the failure of the European Constitution. From the documents and articles consulted no single narrative fully explains the failure of the constitutional project that’s why the paper is striving to bridge this gap and give another perspective in this direction, even though there is an arsenal of reasons that explains the failure.
FACILITATION OF THE JUDICIARY IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA BY APPLYING THE NOTARY SERVICE
Authors: NUHIU Agim
Published: October 2024

With the independence of the Republic of North Macedonia in 1991, the need was felt for the legal circulation of goods and services. In order to facilitate legal transactions due to their multiplicity, in 1996, for the first time, we brought the corresponding law for notaries. They operate within various branches based on law. The public power was entrusted to him from November I of 1997, and in 1998 we had the first notaries. One of the reasons for introducing notaries is to make the courts easier. This process of non-judgment in European countries is not recent. As early as September 16, 1986, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted the Recommendation on measures to prevent and reduce court overcrowding in order to relieve the courts of cases that do not fall within the typical judicial function. The transfer of some powers from the courts to bodies outside the judicial system for non-contentious matters is an effective means of their relief. The legal basis for the action of notaries as court commissioners is found in the Law on Notaries, which provides that the court may entrust the notary with duties defined by special laws.
THE FRIENDSHIP TREATY BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA WITH BULGARIA : CHALLENGES OF CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN THE PROCESS OF INTEGRATION WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: IZETI Muhammed , DESTAN Cengiz
Published: October 2024

Developments between two or more states that happened in the past should not always be a point of reference in the progress of relations in the future of these first. With the declaration of Macedonia's independence, Bulgaria was among the first to recognize it as a state and helped the "growth" of Macedonia in the international arena. As eastern neighbors in terms of geography, Macedonia and Bulgaria have had a good time without violating each other's sovereignty and without presenting difficulties to each other. In 2017, this friendship was crowned with the friendship treaty between them, but at the moment that Macedonia changed its constitutional name to the Republic of North Macedonia in the hope of avoiding the biggest problem before joining the European Union, it felt too comfortable. Unexpectedly, the veto was used by Bulgaria, which imposed the inclusion of Bulgarians in the constitution as a condition for Macedonia. In this research paper, it is intended to elaborate and analyze what is the best way to solve the problem without harming the cultural, historical and existential identity of the two states. The main objective of this paper will be to provide hypotheses that will serve to avoid disagreements and remove "pebbles" from the road to the European Union membership of the Republic of North Macedonia.
NAVIGATING NEW CHALLENGES: WESTERN BALKANS AT THE CROSSROADS OF EU INTEGRATIONS
Authors: SHABAN Amir
Published: October 2024

For several years now, European integration has been recognized as a key strategy to achieve dual goals in the Western Balkans: peace and stability. The European perspective is a commitment not only to the foreign policy of this region but also a great expectation of the citizens of these countries. The Western Balkans, as the European Union calls it after the integration of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, is a political notion with more than a geographical definition. The Western Balkans, a region which includes: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Kosovo, throughout the Cold War period was the area where East and West were divided. After the fall of the communist regimes in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, which followed the signing of the Maastricht Treaty and the establishment of the European Union, euphoria and enthusiasm for joining a united Europe grew. Thus, the prospect of a common future of the Western Balkans in a democratic and prosperous Europe now seemed more than feasible. Today, the countries of the Western Balkans that have passed the transition period, still encounter the difficulties of their consolidation or the stability of bilateral agreements. Although they are located in the European continent with cultural diversity in a narrow space, they continue to remain out of place in the Euro-integration process. Economic development, commercial exchanges, investments, unemployment, etc., are another dimension of the countries of the Western Balkans, but also the initiatives of some countries for an opening within the area called a mini-Schengen, and then turned into “Open Balkan” which was specifically replaced by the “Berlin Process”, which began in 2014, as a proposal by the German Chancellor Angela Merkel to accelerate the European integration of the Western Balkan countries. The difficult economic situation combined with inherited political problems has created large discrepancies between countries of this region in relation to the benefits that come from the EU. The created situation has contributed to some states expanding and increasing their influencing power in this region, such as the influence of Russia. These issues represent some of the main points of view of the conference, which aims to bring together researches from the countries of the region to present their studies and views on the issues of the integration of Western Balkans into the EU and to exchange experiences, ideas and discuss other relevant issues related to the topics of the conference.
THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL
Authors: GERGINOVA Tatjana
Published: October 2024

In the context of globalization and demographic change, states are currently more vulnerable to non-military, asymmetric, hybrid and cyber threats and threats from non-state actors. Russia's war on Ukraine, Hamas's military attack on Israel indicate the likelihood of armed aggression against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state in modern global conditions. In the introductory part of the paper, the author analyzes the notion of national security as the ability of states, taking into account global changes and development, to protect their own identity, survival and interests. Furthermore, the author analyzes the need to achieve Sustainable Development at the global level. In the final part of the paper, the author states that Investing in the common future with its closest neighbors is fundamental for the long-term political stability of the European Union itself. Therefore, the enlargement of the European Union is based on development programs aimed at achieving political stability, secure economic conditions, social cohesion and environmental sustainability. The content will be created based on the analysis of foreign literature and using electronic content. In preparing the content of the paper, the author will apply the general scientific methods: the descriptive method, the normative method, the comparative method and the content analysis method as a special scientific method.
WOMEN'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE LIBERATION OF KOSOVO IN 1998-1999
Authors: KAMBERI Moses
Published: October 2024

The work brings to mind the years 1998 and 1999 in Kosovo, which brought a lot of suffering. Serbian forces carried out massacres, murders, raped women and men and destroyed almost the entire country. Approximately 90% of Kosovo Albanians were forcibly expelled from their homes. The paper brings to attention a contemporary issue, in these times of horror that are being repeated in the same form again in Ukraine and Palestine, groups of women and girls who are raped, massacred and killed, help displaced people with food, support, medical care, housing and education. Over 20 thousand Albanian women and girls were raped by the Serbs during the years 1998-1999. The harrowing narratives of Kosovar women and girls reveal the barbaric violence that the Serbs have inflicted on women, girls, mothers, children and men, who became victims of rape during the war. The role of women in Kosovo, in this war, was as important as the role of women for the creation of a new life. This research is based on real statistics of the testimonies of women and girls during the war in Kosovo. According to the records, women and girls got knowledge about weapons and ammunition and became part of the national liberation struggle. The women became the informers of the massacres that the Serbs would do in the towns and villages, preventing them. The lack of an accurate number of women participating in the war for the liberation of Kosovo means that they do not take their rightful place in this war. They deserve recognition. According to the data, there was a considerable number of women in the guerrilla BIA. Women had a key role in the liberation of the country, they must have been forgotten by the free state of Kosovo. The contribution and sacrifices of women during the war in Kosovo were unparalleled, they aimed at the war and the liberation of the Albanian lands. In many studies, this role of women in liberation has not been identified, due attention has not been paid to it, and this is related to the existence of patriarchal norms of Kosovar society. The exclusion of women from this active contribution is related to these norms and this study makes an effort to bring this contribution of women to the liberation war of Kosovo. The study brings to attention that the contribution of women during the war should be documented and be part of our oral and written history, whose contribution has been little described.
THE APPLICATION OF PRE-TRIAL DETENTION AS A MEASURE TO ENSURE THE PRESENCE OF THE ACCUSED IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ACCORDING TO THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEURE OF KOSOVO
Authors: BAMJA Fatime
Published: October 2024

One of the fundamental prerequisites for the progression of criminal proceedings is the participation of procedural subjects in the criminal procedure. Based on this fact, the primary responsibility falls on the justice authorities, who are obliged to ensure the presence of the accused in the procedure. Pre-trial detention is considered one of the most severe measures to secure the presence of the accused in the criminal procedure because it significantly restricts the freedom of the accused, a measure that can only be determined in accordance with the conditions specified by the Code of Criminal Procedure. Within the scope of this work, we will elaborate on the general concepts of pre-trial detention, the conditions for its imposition, its duration, the continuation of pre-trial detention, and the rights of pre-trial detainees. The Code of Criminal Procedure has envisaged the implementation of pre-trial detention in accordance with international standards. The rationale for applying measures to ensure the presence of the accused in the criminal procedure lies in achieving the goal of preventing the delay of the criminal procedure and ensuring access to justice.
EUROPEAN PRINCIPLES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF KOSOVO
Authors: TAHIRI Afrim
Published: October 2024

The administration system of the states that make up the EU is characterized by the respect of a number of principles that complement the values of the European Administrative Space, this space which must be respected for the states that intend to become part of the EU. The lack of respect for European principles is also considered one of the factors that can prevent the state from fulfilling this standard, which by respecting the values of building a good administration, the quality of the provision of administrative services will be raised. The lack of sufficient knowledge of European principles is an obstacle for the reform of the Public Administration of Kosovo. In compliance with the European administrative principles, we would have an increase in the professionalism of the administration officials and an easier possibility of development and modernization of the administration. Politicization and nepotism in the administration makes this administrative activity go outside the European administrative principles. As a consequence of this, the public administration of Kosovo is still overloaded with staff who in many cases lack professionalism in the relevant activity. In the absence of a genuine strategy for reforming the administration and in the absence of proper training, unprofessionalism in administrative activity has deepened. In the research of the topic in the treatment, the following methods have been applied: historical, causal analysis and interpretive methods. The paper brings a series of recommendations for the relevant institutions and the law, including the application of an integrated approach with adequate strategy which will serve for the countries of the Western Balkans as an additional standard in the easier alignment with the EU countries.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROCEDURE OF CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND CHANGES OF THE PREAMBLE THROUGH A CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT
Authors: İBRAİMİ Ebrar , KORBAYRAM Azam , SHEHU Shefik
Published: October 2024

In this article we will try to give an overview of the examines the constitutional amendment process in the 1991 Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia and, more specifically, how these changes have affected the preamble of the constitution. The constitutional amendment process is conducted in accordance with the procedures outlined in the 1991 Constitution. The modification of the preamble is a consequence of constitutional amendments. This study explores the constitutional adjustments of the Republic of North Macedonia as well as the alignment of these changes with practices in Europe. This work offers a more detailed analysis of the Republic of North Macedonia's constitutional amendment process and changes to the preamble. The research topic will examine the permissibility of amending the preamble or any segment of the preamble through constitutional amendments. It will analyze various perspectives on whether the preamble constitutes an integral part of the constitution and consequently assess the feasibility of amending it via a constitutional amendment. In this regard, as a source in terms of methodology will search relevant scientific literature actually scientific books, constitutions, scientific papers in printed version and on the online databases as Google Scholar, Researchgate (journals indexed on EBSCO, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE) insight by keywords: “amendments” “procedure of constitutional amendment”, “constitution of the republic of North Macedonia” and “constitution of the Republic of Croatia”. All these books and scientific works are in different languages, such that, in English, Macedonian, Croatian, Turkish, etc. In that way, the references and the quality of this scientific research are enriched.
THEORY OF CONFLICTS-MICROTHEORIES
Authors: BEQIRI Agim , KELMENDI Jeton , SHALA Venet
Published: October 2024

Every social system has had its conflicts. We have had conflicts over the division of empires based on religious or cultural orientation, for example the Byzantine Empire of the people have split into two denominations, the ruling system shutdown (system of Westphalia) or state of order of Westphalia. From this period, the world begins to be accompanied by state colonization. Conflicts can be regional, global, state, interstate and beyond. The crisis of Europe is more interesting than the other crisis that has entire realistic reforms after the Otto-monopoly bourgeois liberalization. East crisis was external and internal crisis, duplication of the aristocracy of the Ottoman Empire. We have a crisis or conflict of the First World War. The First World War created the system of Versailles. The Versailles system consists of the following problems: 1. The Ottoman Empire dissolved; 2. Formation of new states The cause of the First World War was Germany. - Then there is the crisis of the League of Nations (state problem solving) - Conflict of WWII; (World War II) There are three types of crises: 1. Fascism; 2. Bolshevism; and 3. Liberal Democracy. We are forming allies, and then we had the Cold War conflict. Cold War East-West conflict (ideological, military and economic change). The world is a crisis of the international order. The Russian Federation 20 years recycles apparent internal and external conflicts. Developed countries use the resources of underdeveloped countries. -World of today faces social crisis, where social crisis has no limit. Social crises coming from abuses by big capital capitalism. - The world is open in the technical aspect, technology, internet, information, where these phenomena are the social crises. Conflicts are tensions that carry certain problems of an old order to a new social order. Conflicts in the former Yugoslavia was born as neglecting the national issue (ethnic crisis.)
ENFORCEMENT SYSTEMS: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH BETWEEN RNM AND THE COUNTRIES IN THE REGION
Authors: ETEMI-ADEMI Bukurije
Published: October 2024

When it comes to the enforcement system, in one way or another, the debate opens regarding the dilemma of which practice or enforcement system is more effective. Unfortunately, the answer is a bit complicated. Firstly, we can say that the most applied forms are the private enforcement system, the judicial system, and the mixed one, leaving the administrative system as a less applied form. The choice of one enforcement system before another is not implicated by international entities. It's rather a matter of taste or a suggestion of national experts who deal with analysis within the idea of a ''more effective judicial system''. Almost all the states in the region, except Bosnia and Herzegovina, have made efforts and achieved a degree of privatization of their enforcement systems. The official positions of the states in the region are that they have accepted the privatization of enforcement and relieved the burden from the courts! However, we consider that in all states of the region, there are controversial dilemmas in terms of the role of the bailiff, the enforcement powers, the conditions for the election of the bailiff, and the significant role that the courts continue to have in the enforcement process. Among other things, this research deals with the advantages and disadvantages of each enforcement system and the specific institutes that have been included in the respective systems, such as preparation for the fulfillment of the debtor's obligation in two months (the case of Croatia), higher enforcement fees (the case of RNM), the criteria for the appointment of enforcement officers are much lower (the case of Albania, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro), etc.
SPECIAL LEGAL CAPACITY OF LAWYERS: LAWYER, NOTARY AND EXECUTOR
Authors: KADRI Shkurte
Published: October 2024

The research object of this paper is the special legal capacity of lawyers, specifically, the special legal capacity for the performance of advocacy activities, regulated by the Law of Advocacy, the special legal capacity for providing notarial services, according to the Law on notaries, and the special legal capacity of the executors, according to the Law on Enforcement. Full legal capacity is the abstract possibility of physical and legal persons to be the provider of rights and obligations. All physical persons have full legal capacity, however, some physical persons, because they fulfill special properties, acquire special legal capacity. The research in this paper has two mail purposes. The first intention is to analyze two assumptions necessary for achieving the special legal skills: 1. professional technical conditions requirements that must be completed by the natural person to operate the professional activities and 2. providing the authorization by the government. The second goal is to show the specifics of the three types of professional activities, notion, acquire, cease and termination. The project will analyze more closely the termination of the special legal capacity because of the loss of one from the two-expectations necessary for its acquisition (obtaining a lawyer's license, terminating the notary or the executor).
CHILDREN’S RIGHT TO PROTECTION FROM LABOUR AND SEXUAL EXPLOITATION
Authors: METAJ-STOJANOVA Albana , IBISH Ebru
Published: October 2024

Children's rights have a very important place in human rights law. One of the important steps towards protecting fundamental children's rights is establishing a 'special juvenile justice system.' Special laws for children in modern societies are important in protecting children's rights. In addition to special laws, international agreements in this context play a key role in protecting and developing children's rights. There are different forms of child exploitation, such as sexual exploitation, child labour, physical abuse, psychological abuse, forced marriage, sexual assault, organized begging, etc. Nowadays, we see a significant increase globally when we look at the data related to child abuse and child labour. When it comes to child sexual abuse, no universally accepted definition defines sexual abuse. In this context, it is also important to emphasize the difference between sexual abuse and sexual exploitation. When we consider child labour, child labour negatively affects children's mental, social, physical, and psychological development. Child workers work long hours, often in dangerous conditions, to contribute to the livelihood of their families. Working conditions, also prevent these children from going to school, spending time with their peers, playing games, and spending their free time. There are important international conventions such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child; the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (Lanzarote Convention); Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale and sexual exploitation of children; The Budapest Convention; Convention 182 on The Worst Forms of Child Labour, 1999; Maritime Labour Convention, 2006; Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation, 1999 (No. 190) that we should particularly highlight in terms of the prevention of both child sexual exploitations.
THE INFLUENCE OF DRUG ADDICTION ON CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: JAKUPI Shaban
Published: October 2024

The relationship between drug addiction and criminal behavior constitutes a complex interplay, as substance abuse impacts a wide spectrum of criminal activities. Building on foundational knowledge and guided by theoretical frameworks, multiple contributing factors influencing this interaction have been investigated. Socio-economic conditions, individual predispositions, and the availability of illicit substances are among the key factors in this context. By examining such factors, we aim to achieve a broader understanding of how substance abuse can trigger various criminal activities. Law enforcement strategies, treatment approaches, and their broader societal consequences are integral components of this study. Additionally, the examination of ethical considerations and human rights concerns that may arise is of importance. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to address the challenges posed by addiction and its relationship with criminality, with a focus on societal consequences and the potential for positive change. This can provide valuable insights into this issue, contributing to a deeper understanding and, among other things, its impact on the Western Balkans.
PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: INCLUSION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: KAMBERI Drenusha , KAMBERI Bajram , REXHEPI Hava
Published: October 2024

North Macedonia’s accession negotiations are conditioned by the country’s progress on fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria. Respect for human rights, defined as one of the founding values of European Union, it is associated with the fundamental political criteria for full membership for every candidate state. In the Progress Report for 2022, European Commission raised the concerns that North Macedonia had made “limited progress in improving the rights of persons with disabilities”. Considering that the country since its independence ratified several international treaties on human rights and assumed obligation not only to guarantee but also to protect the fundamental human rights, in this paper will be analyzed: the national legal framework on the protection of the fundamental rights of persons with disabilities, national strategies on the rights of persons with disabilities, and national policies on the integration of persons with disabilities. The purpose of this study it is to analyze the responsibilities and commitment of the state authorities in providing equal rights and opportunities for persons with disabilities, especially focusing on the access of women with disability to the labor market and access of children and young people with disability to education. The research it is in-depth analysis and guided by two research questions: What are the responsibilities of North Macedonia as a candidate country in promoting and enforcing the rights of persons with disabilities? What have done North Macedonia for social inclusion of persons with disabilities.
PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY OF CRIME DETECTION (ZIGMUND FREUD ON CRIME)
Authors: ISLAMAJ Visar
Published: October 2024

Sigmund Freud is recognized worldwide as the original psychoanalyst founded to form theories and concepts surrounding the existence of mental illness and its nature in relation to human behavior. Throughout his psychological and psychoanalytic studies, Freud concluded that behavior can be explained through the investigation of one's experiences and traumas by accounting for the motivation of a person's actions. Interpretation of his findings concluded that a person can adapt his/her behavior from childhood experiences to become part of the hidden state of consciousness He studied unobservable behaviors, parts of personality that are not clearly visible within one's nature and at a basic level, cannot be explained. In 1923, Freud created a psychological idea or theory that the human mind had three elements that conceptually make up the "Psyche". The Id (instincts), Ego (reality), and Superego (morality) are not tangible physical areas within the brain, but rather entities that Freud concluded make up the human personality. What Freud called the "psychic apparatus," three elements of the human personality are now established as the unconscious level that dictates biological desires and instincts. Psychoanalytic criminology is a method of studying crime and criminal behavior that is based on Freudian psychoanalysis. This theory or school of thought examines the personality and psyche (especially the unconscious) for motive in crime. Other areas of interest are fear of crime and the act of punishment. Criminal behavior is attributed to maladjustment and dysfunctional personality. According to Buhagiar, "psychoanalytic criminologists were not against the principle of solitary confinement and often favored increased punishment."
THE DIGILIZATION AND CONNECTION OF NOTARIES WITH THE REPUBLIC REGISTERIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: BAJRAMI Irma
Published: October 2024

In a time of rapid social and dynamic changes, due to the legal security of the circulation of goods and services, in the Republic of North Macedonia, the need was felt to present the notarial service as a guarantee of safety for the parties, to be achieved through the state their legal security. This country applied the German-Latin model, which today is a safe step. With the independence of the Republic of North Macedonia from 1991, the need was felt for the legal circulation of goods and services. In order to facilitate legal transactions due to their multiplicity, in 1996, for the first time, we brought the corresponding law for notaries. They operate within various branches based on law. Development of the notarial service as a public service, independent and self-contained, where the works of the type of public authorizations are performed based on the law. In 2016, in certain articles, the innovation of digitally referencing the notarial document is established, respectively by placing them in the Central Notarial Archive, which includes: electronic certificate, certified electronic description and their archiving in electronic form. Whereas, as far as data submission is concerned, the recording and entry of notarial documents in electronic form in public registers and electronic communication of the notary with the notarial databases. Today there are several links such as: 1. The electronic link with the Real Estate Cadastre Agency; Electronic connection with the Central Registry; Electronic connection with the Pawn Registry (movables); Electronic connection with the Debt Register; Electronic connection with the Official Gazette; Electronic connection with the Directorate for financial disclosure; Electronic connection with local self-administration units, etc. All these electronic links will be analyzed in this scientific paper!
DRUGS AND THEIR SPREAD, CASE STUDY OF THE REGION OF TETOVO
Authors: HALILI Muazam , MIRTEZANI Llokman
Published: October 2024

From year to year, drug abuse is growing at a high rate, slowly becoming a very disturbing phenomenon for man and society itself, perhaps their effects on all are quite harmful to human health. In this regard, local and international institutions must do their best to prevent this negative phenomenon, perhaps their negative effects are multideional. In this paper, some issues related to drugs will be elaborated, with special emphasis in the Tetovo region. Among other things, some statestic data obtained from the Tetovo Internal Affairs Sector, which belongs to the period 2021-2023, related to adequate submissions against persons involved in incriminating activities of this nature, types of drugs and their quantity. In the course of the paper, the analysis method, statestic method, comparative method, observation method, etc. will be used. In conclusion, some concrete conclusions and recommendations will be made that should be taken into account in the fight against this type of crime. Given the negative effects of the use of narcotics in society, this work aims to increase awareness among state officials especially those who are called to fight criminality to be more responsible in carrying out official authorizations and duties. Also this paper provides knowledge to ordinary citizens not to fall prey to manipulations that affect the use or distribution of narcotics. In this regard, we hope that the work in question, however little, represents a modest contribution to scientific and practical rafhs.
Mapping Sharing Economy Landscapes: A Segmentation Analysis of World’s Cities
Authors:   University of Belgrade - Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia, Veljković Jelena , Tepavčević Aleksandra ,   University of Belgrade - Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: October 2024

The sharing economy offers a contemporary and environmentally friendly approach to distributing resources, goods, and services among individuals, facilitating waste reduction and sustainable consumption. Over time, sharing platforms have emerged across various sectors such as tourism, transportation, finance, education, and others. The following paper focuses on global cities and the development of the sharing economy ecosystem within them. The main goal of this study is to map certain types of cities according to the level of sharing economy ecosystem development. The conducted analysis is the cluster analysis, using the k-means algorithm on the Sharing Economy Index (SEI) data for 2023. The results show that three segments (Basicville, Mediapolis, and Coexistia) can be identified based on the analysis of nine proposed indicators. The pivotal importance of conducting this analysis lies in its ability to systematically compare cities belonging to similar clusters. Through such comparative assessments, invaluable insights emerge, facilitating the refinement and optimization of sharing economy systems across diverse urban landscapes.
Unveiling Crucial Factors Shaping Ridesharing Usage Intention: Insights from Serbia
Authors:   University of Belgrade - Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia, Živojinović Tanja , Zornić Nikola ,   University of Belgrade - Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia, Petrović Marijana ,   University of Belgrade - Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia, Marković Aleksandar ,   University of Belgrade - Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: October 2024

The aim of our paper is to reveal crucial factors related to the intention towards adoption of ridesharing service. To determine the importance of the factors we employ machine learning technique. Employing a survey methodology and a total of 325 questions, we gathered data from students at the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Organizational Sciences. We then analysed responses using a Random Forest Classifier to predict ridesharing service usage intention. Our findings reveal that social influences, including word-of-mouth and perceived enjoyment, are paramount in shaping intentions to use ridesharing services. Negative perceptions about the complexity and safety of ridesharing also emerged as influential. Since our research was focused on first-time users of ridesharing concept the findings can be of great importance for the emerging sharing mobility providers. Outlined top preferences can dictate market operators’ penetration strategies that should be adjusted based on the potential consumers’ perceptions and motives.
LEVERAGING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR ENHANCING CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors:   Master of Science in Management Information Systems, College of Business, Lamar University, Texas, USA, Waliullah Md.
Published: October 2024

This study explores the significant impact of Management Information Systems (MIS) on credit risk assessment in commercial banks, examining how these systems enhance decision-making accuracy, operational efficiency, and proactive risk management. By synthesizing findings from 50 peer-reviewed studies, the research reveals that banks using MIS experience a 20-30% reduction in non-performing loans and a 40-50% increase in loan processing speed due to automation and real-time data analysis. The integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics further improves credit risk forecasting accuracy by 15-20%, enabling banks to implement proactive risk mitigation strategies that reduce borrower defaults by up to 25%. However, the study also highlights significant challenges, particularly for smaller banks, which face high implementation costs and difficulties integrating MIS with legacy systems. Despite these challenges, the role of MIS in ensuring regulatory compliance, particularly under Basel III, and reducing overall credit exposure by 15-20% underscores its critical importance in modern credit risk management. The findings suggest that while MIS is essential for maintaining financial stability and competitiveness, scalable and cost-effective solutions are necessary for broader adoption across the banking industry.
ESTUDOS SOBRE DESIGUALDADES EDUCACIONAIS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE ALGUNS ESTUDOS DE DESIGUALDADES NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Guimaraes Junior José Carlos , Gurgel Marcos Roberto Fernandes , Costa Hilke Carlayle de Medeiros , Bitencourt Valdirene Maria Mendes , Sales Roberto Lopes , Braga Francisco Carneiro , Alves Jhonatas Gomes , Ramos Andrews Barcellos
Published: October 2024

This article presents an analysis of selected studies on educational inequalities in Basic Education in Brazil, addressing the main dimensions of these inequalities, such as socioeconomic, regional, racial, gender factors, and access for people with disabilities. Through a literature review of renowned authors, this work discusses the causes and consequences of educational inequalities and suggests possible solutions to promote more equitable and inclusive education. Socioeconomic inequality is identified as a significant factor, affecting school performance and dropout rates among low-income students. Regional inequalities are also highlighted, emphasizing the disparities between the North and Northeast regions and the more developed Southeast and South regions. Racial analysis reveals ongoing discrimination that hinders black and indigenous students, while gender inequalities, though less pronounced in terms of access, still affect girls' educational and professional choices. Additionally, the inclusion of students with disabilities remains a challenge due to the lack of adequate infrastructure and specific teacher training. The exacerbated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is addressed, highlighting the digital divide and the need for effective public policies. Programs such as Bolsa Família and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) are cited as positive measures, although insufficient without equitable resource allocation. The analysis concludes that a multifaceted and inclusive approach is essential to address the various forms of inequality in Basic Education in Brazil, aiming to ensure that all students have access to quality education, regardless of their socioeconomic, regional, racial, gender, or disability status.
NUTRIÇÃO E PREVENÇÃO DA OBESIDADE INFANTIL: UMA REVISÃO ABRANGENTE DA LITERATURA
Authors: Xavier Claudia Albuquerque , Jesus Marcela Cardoso de , Figueiredo Ronildo Oliveira , Lima Lillian Tavares de , Cavalcante Albertiza Jean Souza
Published: October 2024

Childhood obesity is a global public health problem due to its high epidemic levels. Many overweight children have easy access to sugary foods and pasta, and consume little vegetables and fruits, resulting in an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. In order to explore this topic, the general objective of this study is to review the literature on nutritional interventions for preventing childhood obesity. The methodology corresponds to a narrative literature review, where 16 scientific publications were selected for analysis from the PubMed, Scielo, PubMed and Bireme databases. The evidence indicates that childhood obesity is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, socioeconomic and behavioral factors, constituting a multifactorial cause. This contributes to a sedentary lifestyle, chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is concluded that nutritional interventions are essential to prevent pediatric obesity and include healthy eating habits associated with physical activity. The role of schools, families and educational programs in this process is also highlighted.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU PEMBAKARAN LAHAN DI WILAYAH HUKUM KEPOLISIAN RESOR KOTA WARINGIN BARAT, KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Zulkifly , Borman M. Syahrul , Handayati Nur
Published: October 2024

Pembakaran lahan di wilayah hukum Kepolisian Resor Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, merupakan permasalahan serius yang memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap lingkungan, kesehatan masyarakat, dan ekonomi. Studi ini menganalisis pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku pembakaran lahan berdasarkan undang-undang yang berlaku di Indonesia, termasuk Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup serta Undang-Undang No. 18 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan. Dalam kajian ini, dibahas pula peran kepolisian dalam penegakan hukum, tantangan yang dihadapi dalam proses pembuktian, serta penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap individu dan korporasi yang terlibat. Studi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan efektivitas penegakan hukum terhadap pembakaran lahan di wilayah Kalimantan Tengah.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA BODY SHAMING DI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF VIKTIMOLOGI
Authors: Simangunsong Ronald , Borman M. Syahrul , Handayati Nur
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for victims of body shaming crimes on social media in the perspective of victimology and the urgency of legal protection. The research method used is normative juridical. The results show that legal protection for victims of body shaming crimes in social media can be seen from the provisions in Law No. 13 of 2006, LPSK Regulation Number 6 of 2010, and article 27 paragraph 3 of the ITE Law. However, the current regulations are considered ineffective to overcome the problem of body shaming on social media. The majority of respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the imposition of criminal penalties alone and advocated for social sanctions as well. In addition, the complexity of the legal process is considered to be one of the factors for victims' reluctance to report. The urgency of providing legal protection for victims of body shaming crimes on social media is very high, given the significant psychological impact on victims. In addition, there are still many perpetrators who do not realize the consequences of body shaming. The government has implemented legal protection measures for victims as a form of commitment to protect the community, which can be in the form of compensation, restitution, and other forms of compensation.
The Arab Broadcast Forum 2007: Self-criticism surfaces despite some sidestepping
Authors: Hauslohner Abigail
Published: October 2024

Who is more objective?—the Western Media or the Arab media? Has the Arab media covered the Darfur crisis as well as the Western media? Is the Arab media promoting democracy? Should it? These were all questions addressed at the second annual Arab Broadcast Forum in Abu Dhabi this past April—a conference which at certain moments resembled a competitive showdown between Arabs and the West. “Who is doing it better?” often seemed to be the underlying question. Hosted by the Abu Dhabi tourism authority, and collectively sponsored by an impressive list of Western and Arab news outlets, the conference was attended by a diverse group of public media and political figures ranging from Amy Kellogg of Fox news to Mohammed Ali Abtahi, the former Vice President of Iran. Reuters, Al Jazeera, the BBC, Al Arabiya, LBC, Abu Dhabi TV, and several others led the show, cooperating together to set up heated debates and alternating their broadcast live over BBC Arabic radio, Al Jazeera TV, and Abu Dhabi TV, as well as various Internet feeds, including the blog site of an attending student delegation from the American University in Sharjah. The conference opened on April 29, 2007 with The Year In Pictures, produced by Reuters. Then, as dramatic music pulsed from the speakers, the spotlights turned and widened to illuminate a circular setup which was to be the site of each debate.
Lines in the Sand: Problematizing Arab Media in the Post-Taxonomic Era
Authors: Iskandar Adel
Published: October 2024

The 18th century Swedish botanist and zoologist, Carolus Linnaeus is often credited with being the father of taxonomy in contemporary science. His manuals-turned-encyclopedia of classification, Systema Naturae, is still regarded as the most comprehensive attempt at systematically cataloguing living things in nature according to the rules of binomial categorization. Perhaps Linnaeus’ greatest legacy though is a categorical and systematic way by which entities, natural or artificial, are grouped depending on properties of commonality or difference (1768). Such a hierarchical classificatory procedure shook then-conventions on inquiry and revolutionized scientific research. However, at its core, Linnaeus’ effort was epistemologically founded upon the immutability of natural characteristics which defined the differences between organisms. In support of this, he is quoted as saying “[t]he invariability of species is the condition for order [in nature].” Some 250 years later, Linnaeus’ approach has not only shaped the natural sciences; it has greatly influenced all methods of inquiry in the humanities and the social sciences, transforming even the study of culture accordingly. Beyond the realm of socio-biology and evolutionary psychology, taxonomy has become central to the way we typologize, theorize, and thereby comprehend all potentially observable phenomena, tangible entities and measurable variables. Even sociologist Emile Durkheim’s (1915) folk taxonomies resorted to the classification of socio-cultural institutions, practices and expressions of religion by applying a system originated by Linnaeus. Durkheim’s work differed only to the extent that the categorization avoided claims of objectivity and universalism. Nonetheless, Durkheim appeals to a genealogical study of origins à la Linnaeus to comprehend the precursors of modern religious ritualism, e.g. totemism.