bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Song of Transmedia Storytelling
Authors: Resuloğlu Filiz
Published: June 2018

This chapter describes how being one of the outcomes of new media, convergence culture enables individuals to participate in the production process of media. The active and participatory nature of the members of the modern web society has led media conglomerates to seek new methods. Transmedia storytelling is the concept which emerged as a response to this. It can be seen that this type of storytelling is commonly adopted for tv series which have lately become popular. In this chapter, being delivered with transmedia techniques, Game of Thrones tv series is analysed in terms of transmedia storytelling.
Anxiety of the Avatar
Authors: Sepetci Tülin , Candemir Tülin , Candemir Tülay
Published: June 2018

Computer games create realistic and interactive spaces for people with the developing technology in virtual extent and they also build quotations surrounding every aspect of human perception. Computer games are not only a leisure time activity but also a transmedia case related to perception and the identification process. Another important factor of the computer games are graphics of the games. The main purpose of this chapter is to consider the relation of the technical level of the game in a graphical three-dimensional model to identification process in the context of “identification with the avatar.” The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt which was driven to the market and received positive criticism with its successful graphics will be analysed in the context of its transmedia features and graphic design. Then, a semi-structured interview will be conducted with 15 gamers who played The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, to analyse the relation of “identification with the avatar process” of the participants to the graphical modeling of the game.
Digitalization of Labor
Authors: Yegen Ceren
Published: June 2018

The digital culture created by the new media shows itself in most of today's everyday life practices. Displacing the social structure, the digital culture also led to the digitalization of labor. In fact, while many products can be sold through Instagram today in Turkey, there are lots of accounts (pages) where handmade products (blankets, baby clothes, bags, pencil cases, etc.) are sold and many women who contribute to family budget, as well. Thus, the subject of this research is to study the knitting accounts which belong to the women making sales through Instagram. That way, it has been aimed to understand that how labor becomes digitalized by Instagram. The accounts which are making sales through Instagram and will be studied in the research are as follows: orgu.battaniyemmm, bebek_orgu_evi, and orgu_sepeti. Within the scope of this research, semi-structured in-depth interviews will be made with the owners of mentioned accounts, and through these accounts, it will be revealed that how digital culture makes labor a commodity and how digitalizes it.
Blogger Mothers as a Transmediatic Narration
Authors: Aktan Ercan
Published: June 2018

Individuals are facing message bombardments from many tools. In such a process, trying to reach individuals at any moment using different tools is important for the effectiveness of communication. This requirement led to a new process called transmedia. The transmedia storytelling, which is carried out in order to ensure that the messages planned to be transmitted in transmedia are even more effective, is one of the heavy-duty practices of this new process. This study was carried out in order to reveal how blogger mothers used transmedia storytelling practices, the difference of this use from traditional motherhood, and the role of transmedia storytelling practices in changing form of motherhood. In the study, blogger mothers were found to use transmedia storytelling practices heavily in order to influence their followers. It was also concluded that blogger mothers play the roles of heroines, friends, and dynamic and assistant heroines.
Fans' Narrations
Authors: Diker Ersin , Taşdelen Birgül
Published: June 2018

In today's world, with the development of technology, brands have turned to new communication means and methods apart from traditional communication tools like television, newspapers, magazines, cinemas, etc. in order to differentiate and escape from their competitors in an increasingly competitive environment. Storytelling and social media are the leading ones among these tools and methods. Thus, brands aim to create branding process and brand loyalty through the strategic communication they have established in social media with consumers. The concept of participatory culture has expanded thanks to digital communication technologies and social media. Fans who have an important place in the storytelling of transmedia reshape a story, associate it with their own lives, and recreate it by producing it again through various media, especially social media. Thus, in this study, it is aimed to reveal how the transmedia storytelling which has been awarded with fan comments in the context of participant culture contributes to brand communication, image, reputation, and marketing.
Use of Food-Themed Films in Destination Selection
Authors: Altaş Aysu
Published: June 2018

Films are one of the most important actors of popular culture and have the ability to influence many people worldwide in a short period of time. Due to this feature of films, people may be disposed to visit the locales in the films they are watching, or the places where films are shot. With this increasing trend in recent years, people choose their destinations in the direction of films they are influenced by. In addition to learning many places to sightsee, people can also have information about the cuisine culture and restaurants of countries where films are filmed and can visit the places being talked about. Countries can create a destination image through food-themed films, and they can take place near the top in destination selections. In this study, it is mentioned the use of food-themed films in the destination selections and it is determined which countries are at the forefront in this regard through examination of the food-themed films.
Use of Transmedia Storytelling Within the Context of Postmodern Advertisement
Authors: Tosun Nurhan , Donmez Mevlut
Published: June 2018

The consumer having high brand loyalty has been replaced with the consumer with low brand loyalty who change ideas rapidly together with postmodernism. Thereby brands started to seek communication methods which may attract care and interest of consumers and which will be able to maintain long-term relationships with them. Postmodern advertising which is focused on brand has gained importance in this point. Postmodern advertising approach utilizes hyperreality for taking interest of consumer and for performing functions for creating plausibility and awareness. At this point, recently transmedia storytelling takes attraction within framework of postmodern advertising. Transmedia storytelling participates to consumers actively and presents them a fictional hyperreality brand story universe where they can direct process by participating actively. Consumers can direct process by participating to communication process and may create their own reality. Thereby they maintain long-term interaction and communication media between consumers and brand.
From Traditional to Transmedia
Authors: Bolat Nursel
Published: June 2018

Brands places products in the narrative series as part of the narrative, in the series on traditional media intended to reach the consumer. While television commercials are progressing along with narrative narration, transmedia presents the synergistic and co-ordinated nature of storytelling with entertainment, in a concerted and interrelated manner in different media circles. With transmedia storytelling, the customer is voluntarily involved. After studying transmedia narrative and transmedia narration, narration of transmedia on sample series, narration of continuing story of products in different media without placing product in serials is examined.
The Construction of the Social Reality From the News Narrative to Transmedia Storytelling
Authors: Erdem Beste Nigar
Published: June 2018

The present study discusses how a masculine violence is presented in the news narrative in Turkey. Moreover, this study aims to analyze how the mental designs are reflected to the multimedia platforms and how it constitutes the social interactions and reflexes. Fundamentally, this study queries how the social reality area is reconstructed. Constructing the theoretical frame and the literature review of the masculine violence are the major concerns of this study. Additionally, the role of the news narrative in the construction of the social reality and the representation of the news of masculine violence are examined in this study. Finally, a case of masculine violence in Turkey has been examined in the social production context of the transmedia storytelling.
Ethical Dimensions of the Increasing Usage of New Technologies in Virtual Education
Authors: Nnaji John
Published: June 2018

The interactivity, flexibility, and convenience offered by information and communication technologies have led to an educational paradigm shift from teacher-centered model to learner-centered whereby computers and the internet allow for active involvement of all participants in the learning process. However, the unbridled dynamics in the growth and features of these technologies poses several ethical challenges in their use in administering the essential goal of education, which is to foster a balanced development of the individual through appropriate knowledge acquisition and experience. This chapter examines various ethical conflicts involved in the prevalent usage of new technologies in virtual education. It argues that technology is malleable by nature. Therefore, fomenting mechanisms that promote transmission of socio-cultural and academic values would serve as a viable approach to resolving peculiar challenges constantly emanating from the use of technology in education.
Moving Urban Students Beyond Online Public Voices to Digital Participatory Politics
Authors: Lawrence Nicholas , O'Brien Joseph , Bechard Brian , Finney Ed , Gilman Kimberly
Published: June 2018

The authors explore a teacher's 10-year journey to foster his urban middle school students' public voice and then their ability to engage in participatory politics. The authors first provide a conceptual and experiential context for how the teacher came to question whether cultivating 8th grade students' online public voice in a U.S. history was enough. Second, they discuss how two teachers created online interschool deliberations about contemporary issues and how a third teacher used low and high tech to enable her students to take civic action. Third, they discuss the essential elements of an online participatory learning space. Fourth, they address the challenges of integrating digital deliberations about contemporary public issues and online civic action into a U.S. history curriculum. Finally, they present how they adapted a site devoted to deliberations about just war in the context of U.S. history to a focus on just action in a contemporary setting.
Cyberbullying
Authors: Diamanduros Terry , Downs Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

This chapter describes cyberbullying with a focus on K-12 students. Cyberbullying has evolved with the increased use of information and communication technology. As electronic information becomes more a part of everyday life, there has been a negative aspect to the use of computers and mobile technology. Cyberbullying presents a complex set of issues that can negatively impact students' safety and wellbeing. Cyberbullying includes many of the same issues as traditional bullying but extends the aggression beyond the physical schoolyard. In addition to the cyberbully perpetrator, these aggressive acts include cybervictims and often find the cyberbully-victims who move from victim to perpetrator. This chapter explores the safety and ethical issues facing K-12 schools and the challenges associated with this electronic form of aggression.
Intentionally Secure
Authors: Lewandowski Judith L.
Published: June 2018

This chapter focuses upon the need to intentionally incorporate the principles of digital citizenship as an integrated curriculum element. Specifically, the infusion of information security and cyberethics principles should occur at the same time and rate as the use of technology within the educational setting. Through the development of a universal curriculum set, the author provides a content list and sample strategies for making these issues a natural part of the curricular goals of these courses.
Exploring Cloud-Based Distributed Disaster Management With Dynamic Multi-Agents Workflow System
Authors: Habiba Mansura , Akhter Shamim
Published: June 2018

Natural disaster is one of the important topics in current researches. Disaster Management System (DMS) is a complex system and needs to perform a collection of tasks collaboratively along with the potentiality to change the configurations of the system dynamically. In the research era of workflow model, existing models mainly deal with temporal and static constrains. However they cannot be used to keep pace with an uncertainly dynamic system like disaster management. Considering all these significant DMS attributes we have designed a new dynamically configurable and changeable workflow model with the support of adaptive scheduling, for both successful and failed situations, and implemented in a distributed cloud system to maintain the rescue and reorganization activities of disaster situation. In order to simplify the system architecture, we have used Multi Agent System (MAS) for our design. The proposed system achieves a comparatively higher rate of successful job completion-higher rescheduling success rate and comparatively lower dropout rate.
Use of Social Media for Disaster Management
Authors: Ngamassi Louis , Ramakrishnan Thiagarajan , Rahman Shahedur
Published: June 2018

Social media is emerging as an important information-based communication tool for disaster management. Yet there are many relief organizations that are not able to develop strategies and allocate resources to effectively use social media for disaster management. The reason behind this inability may be a lack of understanding regarding the different functionalities of social media. In this paper, we examine the literature using content analysis to understand the current usage of social media in disaster management. We draw on the honeycomb framework and the results of our content analysis to suggest a new framework that can help in utilizing social media more effectively during the different phases of disaster management. We also discuss the implications of our study.
A Social Media Content Based Location and Situation Analysis Model for Disaster Management
Authors: Nath Renya N. , Priya N. , Robin C.R. Rene
Published: June 2018

Social media has evolved as an inseparable entity in everybody's life. People make use of social media like Face book, twitter, etc. to express their feelings. That's the reason organizations make use of social media information to infer the behavior of its users. The recent ChennaiRains2015 followed by Chennai flood show the reachability of social media as most of the people have utilized it to convey their status and requirements. Many people have utilized the same social media to express their willingness for providing help (food, shelter, evacuation and medical) to the flood victims. Connecting such people to the needy in a timely manner can make the disaster management process more efficient. In this paper, the authors highlight, (1) the design of Apache Storm based real time analytics of twitter data for extracting location and status of flood affected areas and (2) the development of an optimized map connecting the volunteers (people ready to help flood victims) and the flood victims who have raised their requests via social media.
The Incident Command System
Authors: Carmicheal David W.
Published: June 2018

The Incident Command System (ICS) was created in 1970 to provide a standardized protocol for managing incidents that threaten life and/or property. Although the ICS grew out of a disaster that involved 20,000 responders, and was envisioned as a way to coordinate response for major disasters, it was designed to be scalable. As a result, the ICS can scale down. This chapter describes how ICS can be a valuable tool for responding to incidents even within the confines of a single repository. During a disaster, librarians and archivists who understand ICS are better prepared to initiate their internal response, interact with emergency responders, and manage any extended recovery phase that may follow the disaster.
Communicating With Citizens on the Ground
Authors: Mazumdar Suvodeep , Ciravegna Fabio , Ireson Neil , Read Jennifer , Simpson Emma , Cudd Peter
Published: June 2018

Availability and access to information is critical for a highly effective response to an ongoing event however, information reported by citizens is based on their context, bias and subjective interpretation, and the channel of communication may be too narrow to provide clear, accurate reporting. This can often lead to inadequate response to an emergency, which can in turn result in loss of property or even lives. Excessive response to an emergency can also result in a waste of highly resources. The authors' solution to address this problem is to make the citizen act as a camera for the control room by exploiting the user's mobile camera. The system is designed to provide a live view of the citizen's immediate surroundings, while control room personnel can provide instructions. In this paper, the authors introduce their approach and share initial insights from a focus group validation session and then four evaluations with users within a separate but closely related domain. They discuss their observations, evaluation results and provide a set of recommendations for the Emergency Response domain.
Using Long Endurance Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems to Support Humanitarian Logistic Operations
Authors: Tatham Peter , Ball Catherine M. , Wu Yong , Diplas Pete
Published: June 2018

Whilst there has been some limited use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) as part of the response to natural disasters, to date these have typically employed short range mini or micro systems. Using a case study of Cyclone Winston that struck Fiji in February 2016, this chapter demonstrates the potential for long endurance aircraft (LE-RPAS) to support the humanitarian logistic operations through the use of their high quality optics and communications capabilities. In doing so, it offers a high level route map for the development of the people, process and technology requirements that will be needed to underpin the future deployments of LE-RPAS in providing support to humanitarian activities.
Data Storages in Wireless Sensor Networks to Deal With Disaster Management
Authors: Gheisari Mehdi , Esnaashari Mehdi
Published: June 2018

Sensor networks are dense wired or wireless networks used for collecting and disseminating environmental data. They have some limitations like energy that usually provide by battery and storages in order that we cannot save any generated data. The most energy consumer of sensors is transmitting. Sensor networks generate immense amount of data. They send collected data to the sink node for storage to response to users queries. Data storage has become an important issue in sensor networks as a large amount of collected data need to be archived for future information retrieval. The rapid development and deployment of sensor technology is intensifying the existing problem of too much data and not enough knowledge. Sensory data comes from multiple sensors of different modalities in distributed locations. In this chapter we investigate some major issues with respect to data storages of sensor networks that can be used for disaster management more efficiently.
Microblogs Information Retrieval for Disaster Management
Authors: Bizid Imen , Nayef Nibal , Faiz Sami , Boursier Patrice
Published: June 2018

This chapter proposes a new approach for microblog information retrieval during unexpected disasters. This approach consists of identifying prominent microblog users who are susceptible to share relevant and exclusive information during a specific disaster. By tracking these users, emergency first responders would benefit from a direct access to the valuable information shared in real time in microblogs. In order to identify such users, we represent each microblog user according to his behavior at each particular disaster phase. Through the proposed users' representation, different prediction models are learned in order to identify prominent users at an early stage of each disaster phase. We experimented with different user representations, taking into account both the microblog user behavior and disaster context specificities. We also analyzed the importance of the different microblog users' features categories according to the disaster phase context. The achieved experimental results show the efficiency of our phase-aware-user characterization approach.
Disaster Is in the Eye of the Beholder
Authors: Pionke JJ
Published: June 2018

This chapter explores preservation and disaster issues in Singapore and Uganda from the point of view of the author's volunteer experiences in the summer of 2012. This is a snapshot of how two very different institutions, on different sides of the world, preserve materials and prepare for disaster, the many obstacles they encounter, and how they work with and through those obstacles. Preservation and disaster concepts are briefly discussed with the main focus on the historical context of the cultural institutions of education and the access to and preservation of their materials.
Risk, Terrorism, and Tourism Consumption
Authors: Maximiliano Korstanje
Published: June 2018

The present chapter discusses to what extent the rise of new risks and dangers, modernity has brought, has causing the end of tourism. The answer to the above formulated questions is not easy, and of course, it exhibits a fertile ground to be explored in other approaches. The ceaseless news about violence, cruelty, wars and deaths have serious negative impacts on audience worldwide. Though policy makers have devoted their time and efforts in looking for new alternative segments where death replaces the allegory of beautiness, giving as a result new products as dark-tourism, slum-tourism, disaster-tourism or doom-tourism, other problems arise. The curiosity for tourists in visiting spaces of mass death or extreme suffering contradicts not only its nature as a mechanism of revitalization and relaxes but may very well lead to narcissism which in fact is the end of tourism.
Assessing Risk and Safeguarding Rare Library Materials During Exhibition Loans
Authors: Gibbons Patti
Published: June 2018

Rare book and archival materials on loan to libraries and other cultural heritage institutions are very often historically significant, highly valuable, and frequently irreplaceable. Lenders minimize risks present during exhibitions loans of these valuable materials by identifying and addressing possible threats during the loan review process. This article provides information on specific ways special collection libraries assess and limit risks presented during exhibition loans to better safeguard important cultural heritage materials.
Emergency Ethics, Law, Policy and IT Innovation in Crises
Authors: Kerasidou Xaroula , Buscher Monika , Liegl Michael , Oliphant Rachel
Published: June 2018

Ethics, law, and policy are cornerstones for effective IT innovation in crisis response and management. While many researchers and practitioners recognise this, it can be hard to find good resources for circumspect innovation approaches. This paper reviews The Library of Essays on Emergency Ethics, Law and Policy (2013), a four Volume series edited by Tom D. Campbell, that presents a collection of 113 seminal articles and chapters on emergency ethics, law and policy, and emergency research ethics. Building on a selective summary overview of each volume, the authors draw out core themes and discuss their relevance to research concerned with the design and use of intelligent systems for crisis response and management. The series brings together important insights for information system design and organizational innovation, but there is a lack of attention to socio-technical dimensions of emergency response and management. The authors conclude by discussing research within ISCRAM and the related fields of science and technology studies and IT Ethics, showing that entering into a conversation would be highly productive.
Mobile Banking and Payment System
Authors: Shaikh Aijaz A. , Hanafizadeh Payam , Karjaluoto Heikki
Published: June 2018

This study conceptualizes and proposes a well-regulated and designated mobile banking and payment system (MBPS) with the potential to strengthen the banking system, foster the regulatory framework, and to be integrated across various platforms and mobile devices. Unlike other mobile payment systems that lack convenience, scalability, and usability, the proposed MBPS contains several important functionalities and it has the potential to bring together hitherto unconnected industries—banking, Fintech and telecoms—to offer value-added services to their existing and potential customers. The ownership of the MBPS shall remain with the financial services sector including the banking and microfinance institutions. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications and limitations of the study and proposes future research directions.
Making Citizens' Activities Flourish Through a Crowdsourcing-Based Social Infrastructure
Authors: Sakamoto Mizuki , Nakajima Tatsuo
Published: June 2018

We now typically live in modern cities, where ubiquitous computing technologies such as advanced sensing enhance various aspects of our everyday lives. For example, smart phones offer necessary information to make our everyday lives convenient anytime, anywhere in the city; energy management and traffic management have become smarter, making our everyday lives more convenient and efficient. However, from a citizen perspective, the well-being of citizens needs to be more essential than merely achieving efficient and convenient smart city infrastructures. We think that this issue is particularly crucial for establishing the next generation of smart city design. In this chapter, we propose a social infrastructure named flourished crowdsourcing to make our society flourish, so diverse citizens will live comfortably and happily. To achieve a flourishing society, one of the most essential issues is making diverse citizens activists who will participate in socially collective activities. Traditional approaches such as gamification typically make it possible to guide the social activities of the average number of citizens, but it is not easy to maintain activities for diverse citizens. By incorporating fictionality into the real space, our approach is to increase the social awareness of citizens to achieve a flourishing society within each citizen's community so that they see the necessity of their contribution. To design and analyze fictionality, we also propose a gameful digital rhetoric as design abstractions. The design abstractions are extremely different from traditional approaches; designers can explicitly focus on the enhancement of the meaning in the real space from multiple perspectives; thus designers can change the meaning incrementally according to rapidly changing social situations or citizens' diverse preferences.
Electronic Payment Systems and Their Security
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan , Rajakani M.
Published: June 2018

Electronic commerce (or e-commerce) can be defined as any transaction involving some exchange of value over a communication network. This broad definition includes: Business-to-business transactions, such as EDI (electronic data interchange); Customer-to-business transactions, such as online shops on the Web; Customer-to-customer transactions, such as transfer of value between electronic wallets; Customers/businesses-to-public administration transactions, such as filing of electronic tax returns. Business-to-business transactions are usually referred to as e-business, customer-to-bank transactions as e-banking, and transactions involving public administration as e-government. A communication network for e-commerce can be a private network (such as an interbank clearing network), an intranet, the Internet, or even a mobile telephone network. In this chapter, the focus is on customer-to-business transactions over the Internet and on the electronic payment systems that provide a secure way to exchange value between customers and businesses.
Rhythm-control vs rate-control in the elderly: When to do it and which drug to prefer?
Authors: Botto Giovanni Luca , Piemontese Carlo , Russo Giovanni
Published: June 2018

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a relevant cardiovascular condition that is more prevalent in the elderly patients aged over 65 years. AF, with abnormal rate and rhythm can cause symptoms directly or indirectly by exacerbating other frequently coexisting cardiac conditions such as valvular heart disease, hypertension, ischemic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Evidence suggests that aging-related cardiovascular changes predispose to the elderly to AF. Current therapeutic options such as antiarrhythmic drugs have not been extensively evaluated in the elderly population. Emerging pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for the management of AF, such as dronedarone or catheter ablation, are of particular interest in the elderly. The present paper reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the management of AF in the elderly patient.
Treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Monteverde Alfredo , Carlino Valeria , Ganci Giulia , Taormina Giuseppe , Barbagallo Mario
Published: June 2018

Heart failure, in its diverse forms based on the value of the ejection fraction, is associated to high mortality and the frequent need for hospitalization, with a consequent heavy burden on healthcare resources. For an appropriate treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), there are no specific drugs effective for this condition. Those indicated in HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) are of more benefit in that form of HF, according to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology of 2016: ACE-inhibitors, beta-blockers, anti-aldosterones are all indicated with a class of recommendation/level of evidence IA; therapy with loop diuretics is indicated in the case of clinical congestion (IB). Studies carried out with ACE-inhibitor (or angiotensin-receptor antagonist) or beta-blocker or anti-aldosterone to evaluate their efficacy also in HFpEF have substantially shown a benefit only on a reduction in the hospitalization rate. The same guidelines identify regular aerobic activity (IA) as more effective in the condition of HFpEF and indicate, appropriately, the need to treat comorbidities (IC) in the elderly (where they are more present and more numerous). They also recommend to avoid certain associations of drugs and, obviously, harmful (and contraindicated) medications that could worsen the clinical picture or might be potentially lethal.
Cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation: What is the importance of anticoagulant therapy?
Authors: Capobianco Giovanni
Published: June 2018

Atrial fibrillation represents one of the most significant aging markers and its prevalence increases with age, reaching 11.1% in men and 9.1% in women aged over 85 years. Fragility is nowadays defined according to two different phenotypes: the biologic-physiologic phenotype developed by L. Fried and Baltimora School and the clinic-multidimensional phenotype, proposed by Rockwood and Halifax School. If the clinical characteristics of elder patients hospitalized in acute geriatric unit care are considered, differences appear in the clinical features, in co-morbidity, in therapy and prognosis.
Syncolostemon aurulentus (Lamiaceae), a new species from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Ngwenya Mkhipheni A.
Published: June 2018

A new species of Syncolostemon E.Mey. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) from north-western KwaZulu-Natal (Utrecht), South Africa, is described. Syncolostemon aurulentus is notable in having conspicuous glittering golden glands on the leaves, bracts and calyces, which are absent in other species of the genus.
Who owns and is responsible for the elephant in the room? Management plans for free-roaming elephant in South Africa
Authors: Blackmore Andrew C. , Trouwborst Arie
Published: June 2018

In 2008, South Africa adopted its ‘National Norms and Standards for the Management of Elephants in South Africa’. Concern has subsequently been raised as to whether these norms and standards apply to free-ranging elephant on land, which had not been enclosed with a fence with the express purpose of containing these animals and other game on the property. The application of these norms and standards pivots on whether the owner(s) of the property have taken possession of these animals in accordance with common law applicable to game, or have given effect to the provisions of the Game Theft Act. To address this concern, this article briefly explores the evolution of South African regulatory jurisprudence applicable to game, including elephant, and analyses the norms and standards in relation to international and national legislation and common law applying to elephants. The norms and standards are not applicable to unowned, free-roaming elephant. These norms and standards, therefore, do not fulfil their primary objective of uniform management of elephant across South Africa. This limitation of the norms and standards, therefore, needs to be considered when they are revised.
God becomes beautiful … in mathematics
Authors: Kessler Volker
Published: June 2018

This article is transdisciplinary in that it touches on the disciplines of both mathematics and theology. It is about the mysterious link between truth and beauty in mathematics. It uses the theological pattern laid by the practical theologian Bohren in his book, God’s Becoming Beautiful. Mathematics can be seen as science or art. I argue that in both cases, we could conclude that God becomes beautiful in mathematics. This leads to the observation that there is some spirituality in mathematics. This insight might also have practical implications for mathematics education in schools.
Investigating teacher learning from a university programme for Foundation Phase teachers
Authors: Mukeredzi Tabitha G. , Bertram Carol , Christiansen Iben
Published: June 2018

Background: There is a growing focus in South Africa on teachers developing appropriate knowledge, skills and dispositions for teaching to support young learners’ development and learning. One such teacher development programme is the Advanced Certificate in Teaching for Foundation Phase teachers, offered by the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). This research sought to establish the learning of this sample of teachers as this was the first time the programme was offered at this level in South Africa and in UKZN. Aim: The study investigated the knowledge the teachers said they gained, how they acquired it and ways in which they said learning improved their classroom practices. Methods: This was a qualitative study. Data were generated from 26 participants through two rounds of focus group interviews in June 2013 and in November 2014. Data were analysed thematically using concepts of accommodation or assimilation, and practical or conceptual knowledge. Results: Respondents’ statements indicated development of a range of practical knowledge about planning and teaching strategies, and conceptual knowledge like child development, creative play, circle of courage and others. Teachers also reported ways in which their classroom practices had improved. However, both institution- and student-related learning barriers emerged during the first semester around programme demands and poor curriculum delivery. Conclusion: Respondents reported more about acquiring practical than conceptual knowledge and having improved practices in many ways. Participants also reported gaining conceptual knowledge around child development, circle of courage, and learning barriers. They acquired these kinds of knowledge through both assimilation and accommodation.
An archival review of preferred methods for theory building in follower research
Authors: Feldman Joseph A.
Published: June 2018

Aim: The purpose of this research was to delineate methodological trends in articles published both internationally and locally that will reveal the extent of new theory building. Setting: The research strategy and methodology examined trends in theory building over a 52-year period (1962–2014). Method: An archival review of the published literature was conducted and each article was examined to identify the general research method employed. The chi-square test was used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more of four categories. Results: The archival data indicate that articles published over the past 52 years in major international and South African journals are skewed towards quantitative and conceptual research. This implies that researchers in leadership studies employed qualitative and mixed methodologies in their work less often than quantitative and conceptual methodologies. Conclusion: This trend has implications for the development of leadership-followership research. Research methods should be used with mindfulness, with qualitative methods being used to observe social and human problems, followed by quantitative methods to test inductively formulated followership theories. It is particularly important, in the context of diverse cultures, to note that local attempts to formulate authentic theory development will remain difficult and unsuccessful until endogenous management systems are established and institutionalised. This is very important for scholars who believe that an affinity for qualitative methodology affords the opportunity for emic research rather than merely for testing theories and constructs that may not capture local followership phenomena.
The impact of team dialogue sessions on employee engagement in an information and communication technology company
Authors: Seymour Michael A.W. , Geldenhuys Dirk J.
Published: June 2018

Orientation: Engaged employees are regarded as extremely valuable in today’s unstable economic environment. However, despite spending large amounts of money on the improvement of employee engagement, the effect thereof is seldom determined. This study was about determining the impact of team dialogue sessions on the enhancement of employee engagement in a large information and communication technology company over a 2-year period.Research purpose: This study focused on determining the improvement of employee engagement through an organisation development intervention. The intervention was based on a social constructionist perspective, namely, team dialoguing, and was facilitated over a period of two years.Motivation for the study: Although the matter regarding the improvement of employee engagement seems to be extensively discussed in the literature, research on the use of interventions to enhance employee engagement is to a large extent still lacking. Based on a theoretical integration, it was argued that team dialoguing could improve employee engagement.Research design, approach and method: This was a quantitative study, employing a quasi-experimental design. An experimental group was exposed to an organisation development intervention of team dialogues over a 2-year period and then compared to a control group that had not been exposed to the intervention.Main findings: Although with a small effect size, it was discovered that facilitating team dialogue sessions had a positive impact on employee engagement, more specifically on the exercise of discretionary effort, intention to remain, rational commitment, communication and supervisory support as dimensions.Practical and managerial implications: The practical implication of this study is that the engagement of employees can be enhanced by involving the direct supervisor and his or her team in dialoguing sessions.Contribution or value-add: The study contributed to the literature on employee engagement by reporting on the implementation of an intervention over a period of two years to enhance employee engagement.
Prevalence, severity, and request for treatment of dental fluorosis among adults in an endemic region of Northern Nigeria
Authors: Idon Paul Ikhodaro , Enabulele Joan Emien
Published: June 2018

Objectives: The objective was to assess the prevalence of all forms of dental fluorosis (DF), the severity, and the request for treatment as a measure of the burden of the condition among adult patients seen at a tertiary health facility in an endemic region of Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that collected required information using a questionnaire from adult dental patients followed by dental examination to assess for DF. Statistical Analysis Used: Associations between sociodemographic distributions (age and gender) and prevalence were analyzed on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences using the Chi-square test. Analysis was done at 95% confidence interval and the level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Three hundred and twelve patients (41.7%) were diagnosed with DF among the patients who resided in the endemic region with a calculated Community Fluorosis Index of 0.62. The mean age of the affected patients was 33.8 ± 9.2 years, with a majority of the patients in the 16–25 (47.4%) years' age group and a preponderance among females (P = 0.003). A greater proportion of the 312 diagnosed patients, 201 (64.3%), had fluorosis of esthetic concern, while only 9.3% sought treatment. Most of these patients that sought treatment had the severe form of the enamel defect. Conclusions: DF should be considered as a condition of public health importance in this region. It is necessary to conduct a community-based study and fluoride mapping of the northeastern region as well to determine other factors that may contribute to its occurrence in this population.
Evaluating the risk factors that link obesity and dental caries in 11–17-year-old school going children in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Khadri Foroogh Abdalla , Gopinath Vellore Kannan , Hector Mark P. , Davenport Elizabeth S.
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective is to study the effect of obesity on dental caries among schoolchildren in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 803, 11–17-year-old schoolchildren. The study was in the form of a randomized cross-sectional manner. Method used was two questioners. The first assessed socioeconomic and general health and the second detailed their demographic, oral hygiene, and dietary habits. Dental examination included dental caries assessment using the World Health Organization 1997 criteria and gingival health valuation. Clinical examination consisted of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was done by descriptive, univariate, and multiple regressions. Results: In this sample, 75% had dental caries and the mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was 3.19 (standard deviation: 2.9). Obesity was seen in 15% of the adolescents and the mean BMI was 21. The link between DMFT and BMI, when evaluated using univariate analysis, showed a significant correlation (r = 0.097, P = 0.006), indicating that the rise in BMI by 10 points resulted in an increase in DMFT by 0.57. However, in the multivariate analysis, a significant relationship was observed only between father's education (P < 0.001), adolescent's age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.008), ethnicity (P = 0.001), and soft drink consumption with DMFT while BMI showed a significant association with age (P < 0.001), school fees (P = 0.005), obesity in family (P < 0.001), and soft drink consumption (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Obesity and dental caries were not significantly associated. The most important predictor for obesity and dental caries was soft drink consumption.
Different treatment approaches for the localized gingival overgrowths: Case series
Authors: Ozener Hafize Ozturk , Kundak Kubra , Sipahi Nimet Gul , Yetis Ece , Dogan Basak
Published: June 2018

Localized gingival overgrowths belong to a common group of lesions designated as focal reactive overgrowths. They occur in response to chronic, low‑grade irritation caused by plaque or any other irritant. They have multifactorial etiopathology but exhibit similar clinical features with slight variations in patient complaints. Success of the lesions’ management depends on formation of healthy contours of the surgical area after excision of lesion and absence of a recurrence. The purpose of case series is to present 6 different cases of localized gingival overgrowths and their management with the following techniques: nonsurgical periodontal treatment, gingivectomy, flap surgery, free gingival graft, gingival unit, and connective tissue graft.
Fracture resistance of veneers in premolars
Authors: Linhares Ludmilla Azevedo , Pottmaier Larissa Fernanda , Lopes Guilherme Carpena
Published: June 2018

Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the fracture resistance of ceramic veneers and composite resin veneers with and without dental preparation. Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were selected and randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10): Group NPR = no dental preparation and direct veneer with 0.2 mm thick composite resin (Amelogen Plus, Ultradent); Group NPC = no dental preparation and 0.2 mm thick lithium disilicate ceramic veneer (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent); Group P2C = Tooth preparation of 0.2 mm and 0.2 mm thick ceramic veneer (IPS e.max Press); and Group P5C = Tooth preparation of 0.5 mm and 0.5 mm-thick ceramic veneer (IPS e.max Press). In all groups, the restorations covered 1 mm of the occlusal surface of the buccal cusp, and the thickness of this area was the same of the buccal area (0.2 mm or 0.5 mm). After the luting procedure, all groups were thermocycled (10,000 cycles, 5°C–55°C) and subjected to fracture resistance test under compression (Instron 4444 with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min). The mode of failure analysis was performed under a ×10 magnification. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test (P < 0.05). Results: The mean fracture resistance (men ± standard deviation) was NPR = 690.33 ± 233, NPC = 790.52 ± 408, P2C = 1131.34 ± 341, and P5C = 983.56 ± 202. There were significant differences of the fracture resistance values between all groups (P = 0.013). NPR and NPC groups showed mean values of fracture resistance significantly lower than P2C. However, P5C presented intermediate values without a significant difference from the other groups. The mode of failure for all groups was mixed (60%), cohesive failures (20%), root failures (15%), and adhesive failures (5%). Conclusion: Minimally invasive tooth preparation (0.2-mm) allowed to achieve higher fracture resistance in premolars restored with lithium disilicate ceramic veneers. Attention should be given to the 0.5 mm preparation since catastrophic fractures only happened when this preparation depth was performed.