bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Pulsed Electric Fields: A New Horizon in Food Processing Health Techniques
Authors: Munshi Mita
Published: September 2024

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) are a novel, non-thermal, promising, and energy-efficient method of food preservation that utilizes short electrical pulses for microbial inactivation by causing minimal impacts on the quality attributes of food. In the PEF method, high-voltage pulses are generated between two electrodes immersed in fluid or paste-like foods to sterilize them by passing electricity through the food. PEF technology is predominantly applied in processing dairy, eggs, meat, fish, and liquid foods like juices and milk to inhibit microbial growth. As a non-thermal food preservation technique, PEF effectively manages biological hazards. Current research extends beyond microbial inactivation, demonstrating PEF's capability to enhance juice extraction from plant materials and to improve the efficiency of food drying and dehydration processes. Moreover, this technique targets the cytoplasmic membrane to enhance the selective release of intracellular compounds without the adverse effects of heat on extract quality and characteristics. Its low-energy pretreatment process also facilitates high yields in extraction. In addition, this process can improve the antioxidant activity, immunomodulatory activity, and inhibitory activity of ACE and can degrade pesticide residue as well. While much research focuses on PEF's microbial reduction, fewer studies examine its effects on the quality and consumer acceptance of treated foods. However, recent studies are highlighting the potential of PEF technology in achieving higher yields and preserving the quality of nutrients in food products.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Traction among Patients with Fracture
Authors: Kumari Stalin Girija , Mohamed Bayoumi Magda , Jeganathan Joseph
Published: September 2024

Globally, 178 million new fractures occur yearly, and 455 million have short- or long-term symptoms. Patients under traction should avoid prolonged immobility to avoid bedsores and circulatory, respiratory, and urinary issues. The study examined patients’ knowledge and attitudes toward reducing problems and improving nursing care. Quantitative and descriptive methods were used. In a Bangalore hospital’s surgical ward, 60 fracture patients received traction. A convenient sampling method picked the appropriate sample. Knowledge and attitude scales about traction were used to collect data. This study found that 31% of patients were 41-50 years old, 55% were female, and 76% were from metropolitan nuclear families. The Knowledge Questionnaire gave respondents a mean score of 15.8 ± 3.08, with 50% indicating somewhat sufficient knowledge, 41.6% inadequate, and 8.3% adequate understanding regarding traction. In terms of attitude, the mean and SD were 30.06 ± 5. Most respondents (66.6%) liked traction, while 33.3% disliked it. According to the study, most fracture patients were relatively aware of traction and pleased about it. Positive correlations were found between fracture patients’ attitudes and traction knowledge.
Compreendendo e endereçando precocemente o trauma infantil
Authors: Marans Steven
Published: September 2024

O autor descreve esforços psicanaliticamente orientados para aprofundar e aplicar a compreensão do fenômeno do trauma para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção bem-sucedidas e abordagens de tratamento que diminuam o sofrimento imediato e as consequências a longo prazo em crianças que foram vítimas de (ou testemunharam) violência e outros eventos catastróficos.
Inovasi Promosi Kesehatan Duta Gendis Sehat Di Puskesmas Kelurahan Sawangan Kota Depok
Authors: Febianti Aida Adha , Saputra Darman , Safitri Nadilah , Astuti Nurul Huriah
Published: September 2024

Promosi kesehatan puskesmas adalah upaya puskesmas melaksanakan pemberdayaan kepada masyarakat untuk mengembangkan upaya kesehatan bersumber masyarakat. Promosi kesehatan dilakukan oleh kader kesehatan. Promosi kesehatan adalah tanggung jawab bersama, tenaga kesehatan, kader kesehatan, dan masyarakat.. Inovasi diperlukan untuk upaya promosi kesehatan. Duta Gendis adalah salah satunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali informasi lebih dalam terkait inovasi duta gendis sehat mencangkup strategi, perencanaan faktor pendukung dan keterlibatan lintas sektor, dan peran serta tugas kader sebagai duta gendis sehat di Puskesmas Kelurahan Sawangan Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa sebuah inovasi harus jelas dilandaskan dengan dasar hukum, meliputi dasar pelaksanaan kegiatan, latar belakang dan tujuan. Inovasi Duta Gendis dibentuk berdasarkan Permenkes nomor 8 tahun 2019 tentang pemberdayaan masyarakat, dengan titik sentral peran kader, yaitu melakukan penyuluhan. Keterlibatkan lintas program dan lintas sektor juga diperlukan untuk membuat sebuah inovasi.
Hubungan Jenis Kelamin, Persepsi, dan Isyarat Bertindak terhadap Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur pada Remaja Kelas VIII SMPN X Cisauk Tangerang
Authors: Rachmadina Dewita , Astuti Nurul Huriah
Published: September 2024

ABSTRAK Tingkat konsumsi buah dan sayur di Indonesia, terutama di provinsi Banten masih cukup rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan jenis kelamin, persepsi dan isyarat untuk bertindak serta melakukan analisis terhadap konsumsi buah dan sayur remaja SMPN X Cisauk. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain studi cross sectional dan Teknik sampling purposive sampling menggunakan data primer dan melibatkan 115 responden remaja kelas VIII yang berusia 13-14 tahun SMPN X Cisauk dari bulan Juni sampai bulan Agustus 2023. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner secara online melalui google form dan secara offline melalui kuesioner yang diisi secara mandiri oleh responden yang dilanjutkan dengan wawancara. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil univariat menunjukkan mayoritas konsumsi buah dan sayur remaja di SMPN X Cisauk kurang (55,7%). Sedangkan hasil bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin (pvalue: 0,003; PR: 1,702; 95% CI: 1,207 – 2,400), persepsi krentanan (pvalue: 0,044; PR: 0,681; 95% CI: 0,475 – 0,977), dan persepsi hambatan (pvalue: 0,017; PR: 0,643; 95% CI: 0,476 – 0,867) dengan Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur. Mayoritas persepsi yang dimiliki responden berada pada proporsi tinggi, kecuali persepsi kerentanan, mayoritas proporsinya dalam kategori rendah.
Paparan Media Sosial (Tiktok dan Instagram) Ditinjau dari Status Kesehatan Mental pada Mahasiswa Kesehatan
Authors: Nurdin Andi Ardiansyah , Septialti Delita
Published: September 2024

Mahasiswa program Ilmu Kesehatan menjadi kelompok mahasiswa yang mengalami stress yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan mahasiswa program ilmu lainnya. Stress pada mahasiswa sangat beragam, seperti beban akademik, hidup jauh dari rumah, harapan tentang kehidupan universitas, tekanan dari teman sebaya, lingkungan, dan keuangan, namun pada mahasiswa kesehatan, stress lebih banyak disebabkan oleh beban akademik. Stress yang berkepanjangan dan tidak tertangani dengan baik dapat memperburuk kondisi kesehatan mental individu. Berdasarkan hasil RISKESDAS (2018) 20% masyarakat di Indonesia, data dari UNICEF (2019) 14,2% remaja, dan survey I-NAMHS (2022) 33,3% remaja usia (10-17 tahun), serta penelitian kesehatan (2019) 70-75% individu remaja dan dewasa awal berpotensi mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental. Di era globalisasi, media sosial menjadi salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap gangguan kesehatan mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan paparan media sosial ditinjau dari status kesehatan mental pada mahasiswa kesehatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah cross sectional study dengan jumlah sampel 388 mahasiswa dari prodi Keperawatan, Farmasi dan Kebidanan di Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Palembang dan Jayapura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 68% mahasiswa mengalami gejala gangguan mental emosional, 56,7% dengan paparan media sosial rendah. Hasil analisis menggunakan Mann-whitney menujukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan paparan media sosial pada mahasiswa yang mengalami gejala gangguan kesehatan mental emosional dan tidak (pvalue = 0,230). Implikasi praktis dari temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya dalam promosi kesehatan masyarakat.
The Effectiveness of Educational Activities in Primary Schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Point of View of Principals, their Assistants, and Teachers
Authors: Mesfer Ahmed Mesfer Alwadai
Published: September 2024

The present study aims to explore the efficacy of educational interventions implemented in primary schools within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Specifically, it seeks to examine the viewpoints of principals, assistant principals, and teachers regarding the effectiveness of these activities. By employing a mixed-methods approach, this study utilizes descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression analysis to thoroughly investigate the intricacies associated with educational practices. The results of the study revealed differences in the perceived effectiveness among various groups of stakeholders and regional discrepancies. Principals, in their capacity as educational leaders, demonstrate the highest mean scores, underscoring their crucial role in shaping the overall school culture. The significance of context in educational effectiveness is highlighted by regional variations, which are in line with the overarching objectives stated in Vision 2030. The regression analysis demonstrates a positive correlation between participant roles and perceived effectiveness, underscoring the importance of inclusive leadership. In its entirety, this study provides valuable insights that are essential for customizing educational methodologies to suit regional requirements, promoting cooperation, and improving the quality of primary education in Saudi Arabia.
Forced Adoption of Innovations: The Case of Consumer Behavior with Food Warning Labels in Mexico
Authors: Edgar Faugier Fuentes  , Marcia López Téllez  , Andrés Ramírez Portilla
Published: September 2024

On March 27, 2020, an amendment to the Official Mexican Standard NOM-051 was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. The amendment addresses general labeling specifications for food and non-alcoholic beverages. The new regulation introduces three significant changes, which came into force on October 1, 2020. These are warning labeling, nutrient profile, and persuasive elements on the packaging. This study assesses the impact of the regulation on the consumer at three levels: the extent to which consumers understand the five labels, their perception of the image of the product categories and companies, and the potential for shifts in consumption patterns. Similar regulations have been implemented in some other Latin American countries, such as Chile and Ecuador, but the results thus far are inconclusive concerning the actual impact of a long-term change in consumer behavior. With respect to studies conducted in Mexico, this research represents a pioneering investigation into the subject matter. A survey comprising 14 questions was administered, to elucidate the respondents' perceptions and attitudes. The survey was conducted online through convenience sampling with the Google Forms tool. The study was conducted on a sample of 210 individuals, comprising both male and female participants aged 18 and above, who were consumers of mass-produced products that were subject to the provisions of NOM-051. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents lacked clarity regarding the significance of the five black labels on the packaging. Furthermore, the new regulation did not exert a considerable influence on their consumption of processed foods and non-alcoholic beverages. It is anticipated that this research will serve as a reference for companies, government entities, marketing professionals, academics, and all those with an interest in the subject, given that it demonstrates notable findings in several aspects of the regulation's implementation, slightly over a year after its enactment, and the consequences it has had on Mexican consumers and their consumption habits.
Beyond the Courts: Artificial Intelligence as a Catalyst for Change in Justice Administration
Authors: William Orlando Alvarez Araque  , Angela Liliana Pinzón Pinzón  , Aracely Forero Romero
Published: September 2024

In the context of technological advances, the concept of digital justice is emerging, an extra-judicial sphere that uses technologies such as artificial intelligence to address controversial situations through physical assistants or even robots, if the litigant so wishes. Thus, while AI is effective in resolving simple disputes without human intervention, even UNESCO warns against its exclusivity in more complicated cases. From this perspective, through a qualitative approach and literature review, this research focused on examining the benefits and limitations of AI in the administration of justice. The review of the academic literature reveals that this technology facilitates the functions performed by judges and lawyers in controversial situations. The studies, however, point to the importance of using human intelligence in law making and more general judicial processes. In conclusion, AI improves the efficiency of the administration of justice; however, its place in judicial operations and process should only be complementary to the use of human intervention. This action maintains fairness and considers the ethical point at stake, reaffirms the existence of some irreplaceable human capabilities in the judicial process.
Acoustic Processing and the Origin of Human Vocal Communication
Authors: Nicholas Bannan  , Robin I. M. Dunbar  , Alan R. Harvey  , Piotr Podlipniak
Published: September 2024

Humans have inherited from their remotest mammalian ancestors an integration of the sensory and motor systems that permits the exchange of signals and information, led by an instinctive response to harmonicity. The transition, from capacity for animal communication involving calls, facial expression and gestures, to modern human culture that embraces language, music, and dance, has resulted from anatomical adaptations such as upright posture, a distinct oro-facial and respiratory tract arrangement, and important changes in neural architecture, connectivity and plasticity. A key development on which modern human vocal abilities depend was the achievement of a feedback loop between the perception and production of voiced sound that allows precise matching, imitation, and meaningful variation, of the acoustic properties: fundamental frequency, duration, amplitude, and timbre; all contributing to the capacity to coordinate simultaneous participation. These are the four specific properties that influence our sensations of sound. They play parallel and complementary roles in both language and vocal music, represented in blended synchrony such as unison song and collective speech as well as temporally organised and coordinated sequences such as call-and-response and polyphony. In turn, responding especially to the properties of the Harmonic Series, such features inform the musical employment of tools – musical instruments – that make use of materials available in the local environment (skin, bone, stone, bamboo, wood, etc.) to provide increased range and loudness as well as alternative timbres to those produced by the voice. We propose a framework by which the adaptations essential to such universal behaviours may have arisen, drawing on an extensive and varied literature to explore the potential of this position for illuminating the nature of human musicality and its relationship to language development.
Urgensi Bimbingan dan Konseling di Lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Studi Paud dan TK di Kota Tasikmalaya)
Authors: Lukman Oki
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to obtain an in-depth picture of the urgency of counseling and guidance services in early childhood education. This research is motivated by the opportunity for guidance and counseling to enter early childhood education institutions that are close or less close to the stage of early childhood education, this happens because early childhood education institutions do not understand the importance of guidance and counseling and do not understand the concept of implementing guidance and counseling. The data collection technique was carried out through a survey in the form of a questionnaire. The population in this study were PAUD teachers in Tasikmalaya City. The results showed that the distribution of scores for categorizing teacher response data on the importance of implementing guidance and counseling services carried out in early childhood education consisted of two categories, namely the unimportant category of 0% or as many as 0 respondents, then the important category was 100% or as many as 45 respondents. And the results of research on the implementation of guidance and counseling services carried out in early childhood education are divided into three categories, namely the frequent category of 15.55% or as many as 7 respondents, then the occasional category of 40% or as many as 18 respondents, and the never category. 44,44% or as many as 20 respondents
Analisis Evaluasi Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Tk Laboratorium Percontohan UPI Tasikmalaya
Authors: Nurislamy Astri
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the implementation of learning evaluation in theKindergarten Laboratory UPI Tasikmalaya. The method used is descriptive qualitative.Data The data in this study is in the form of a descriptive text about the implementation ofonline learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Kindergarten of the UPI TasikmalayaPilot Laboratory which was obtained by the author from observations, interviews anddocumentation. Data sources are all things that can provide information about the data.Online learning at the UPI Tasikmalaya Pilot Laboratory Kindergarten has been carriedout since the beginning of the pandemic in 2019 until now. The evaluation process iscarried out directly during the zoom meeting. Evaluation is carried out periodically,namely daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly. The teacher makes worksheets and learningmodules every week
Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat: Analisis Kesadaran dan Tindakan Preventif Orang Tua Pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Larasati Delis , Amalia Ela , Susana Yeni , Misriatun Sindi , Anggraeni Ira
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this writing is to find out the Clean and Healthy Lifestyle with Awareness Analysis and Preventive Action of Parents in Early Childhood, and provide information to readers so that everyone understands the importance of maintaining Clean and Healthy Living Behavior, both inside and outside the home. The strategy used in this writing is qualitative. Based on the results of data analysis, parents' preventive actions and efforts in healthy living behavior are getting used to washing hands before and after eating with soap in running water, getting used to washing hands and feet after leaving the house, eradicating mosquito larvae, tidying and cleaning the house, and disposing of garbage in its place. The author expects all readers to be able to do and play an active and responsible role in maintaining and preserving personal hygiene and environmental cleanliness, both at home and outside the home, in this article entitled Clean and Healthy Living Habits.
HỌC THUYẾT VI PHẠM VÔ HẠI TRONG TƯ PHÁP HÌNH SỰ HOA KỲ VÀ VI PHẠM TỐ TỤNG KHÔNG LÀM THAY ĐỔI BẢN CHẤT VỤ ÁN TẠI VIỆT NAM
Authors: Võ Minh Kỳ , Nguyễn Phương Anh
Published: September 2024

During the investigation, prosecution, and adjudication of criminal cases, there is carry the risk of procedural violations and errors. When conducting appellate or cassation trials, it is crucial to determine the seriousness or harmlessness of any procedural offences to decide whether to cancel the judgment for re-investigation or re-trial. The authors introduce the doctrine of “harmless error” in the United States criminal justice system and analyzes the “procedural violations that do not change the nature of the case” in Vietnam. Finally, the authors recommend developing regulations on this type of violation in Vietnam’s criminal procedure lane.
ĐỔI MỚI TỔ CHỨC VÀ HOẠT ĐỘNG THỰC HIỆN QUYỀN TƯ PHÁP TRONG XÂY DỰNG NHÀ NƯỚC PHÁP QUYỀN XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM
Authors: Đường Trần Ngọc , Hùng Nguyễn Mạnh , Dung Nguyễn Thị Thùy
Published: September 2024

The article aims to clarify the definition of judicial rights and emphasize their independence. Through this analysis, the current status of judicial rights is evaluated, and recommendations for actions and improvements are proposed. These suggestions are aimed at fostering a progressive implementation of judicial rights within the framework of a law-based socialist state in our nation today.
Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Piring (PSCP) dari Bahan Alami di Desa Cinta Rakyat Percut Sei.Tuan
Authors: Alya Rosandiyus Putri  , Siti Aisyah Tanjung  , Muhammad Bagas  , Triand Ester DP Sitohang  , Heni Prastika  , Ola Syahira  , Putri Sofia Ardhana
Published: September 2024

Abstrak
Sabun merupakan salah satu alat kebersihan yang ada di kehidupan sehari-hari.  Salah satu  jenis sabun adalah sabun cuci piring. Sabun cuci piring  dapat menghilangkan kotoran dan minyak  pada peralatan  makanan seperti piring, sedok garpu dan lain-lain.  Tujuan dari pelatihan pembuatan sabun cuci piring dari bahan alami ini untuk meningkatkan keterampilan  dan pengetahuan masyarakat.  Dengan adanya pelatihan ini masyarakat dapat membuat  sabun cuci piring sendiri karena menggunakan bahan alami dan  tidak membutuhkan biaya yang mahal. Manfaat dari pelatihan ini berguna bagi masyarakat  agar bisa  berwirausaha untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis serta mengubah pola pikir yang lebih luas  akan pentingnya  manfaat dari bahan alam.  Pelatihan ini  dilaksanakan di Desa Cinta Rakyat Kecamatan Percut Sei.tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara pada tanggal  25 November-28 November 2023.  Kegiatan pelatihan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, diskusi, tanya jawab serta demonstrasi. Hasil evaluasi  pelatihan yang dilakukan pasca penyelenggaraan kegiatan memenuhi indeks kepuasan dan pengembangan kegiatan pelatihan dapat dilakukan secara rutin oleh masyarakat.
Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Routing Ospf Multi Area IP Versi 4 dan Routing OSPF V3 IP Versi 6 Pada Mikrotik OS Simulasi GNS3
Authors: Pratama Almayadi , Faisal Ilham , Handoko Divi
Published: September 2024

Jaringan skala besar dan multi area dengan router-router yang cukup banyak tentu sangat merepotkan apabila tidak ada manajemen protokol routing yang sesuai. Salah satu protokol routing yang handal untuk melakukan distribusi routing dengan router-router yang cukup banyak adalah protokol Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Akan tetapi terdapat 2 jenis OSPF pada IP versi 4 dan IP versi 6, dimana pada IP versi 6 OSPF dikembangkan menjadi OSPF V3, sehingga menyulitkan pihak admin jaringan untuk menentukan mana kualitas OSPF yang lebih baik dalam melakukan routing protokol. Oleh sebab itu pada penelitian ini dilakukan perbandingan dengan simulasi GNS3 untuk menentukan protokol routing terbaik antara OSPF IP versi 4 dan OSPF V3 IP versi 6. Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan OSPF pada multi area, didapati routing OSPF V3 pada IPv6 lebih unggul dari OSPF IPv4 dari semua parameter terutama pada waktu delay untuk IPv4 496ms, IPv6 438ms dan packet loss untuk IPv4 19,74% sedangkan IPv6 11,97%.
 
Kata Kunci: Routing, OSPF, OSPF V3, IPv4, IPv6
PENERAPAN METODOLOGI PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM WATERFALL PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI BUKU TAMU BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Rizky Khairuna  , Muhammad Dedi Irawan
Published: September 2024

Sistem informasi merupakan bagian penting dalam sebuah instansi karena dapat memberikan kemudahan dalam banyak hal, seperti pengolahan data menjadi semakin efektif, efisien dalam pengambilan keputusan, serta dapat menghemat waktu dan biaya. Buku tamu yang masih dilakukan secara manual memungkinkan untuk menimbulkan kebingungan dalam melakukan rekapitulasi data tamu yang diinginkan serta dapat memakan waktu yang cukup lama. Saat ini di Kantor Kelurahan Sei Kera Hulu masih dilakukan secara manual dalam pengolahan data tamu dengan menggunakan alat tulis. Dengan ini peneliti mengembangkan media berbasis android yang bertujuan untuk melakukan pencatatan data tamu dan mempermudah akses keperluan tamu serta meningkatkan pengalaman tamu guna meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, akurasi data, dan pengalaman pelayanan tamu secara keseluruhan. Proses penelitian yang dilakukan dimulai dari perumusan masalah, menentukan tujuan, studi pustaka, pengumpulan data, analisis sistem yang sedang berjalan dan yang dibutuhkan, perancangan sistem interface, implementasi dan pengujian. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode waterfall yang terdiri dari lima tahapan. Adapun hasil dari Penelitian ini yaitu sistem dapat berjalan dengan baik sehingga mempermudah akses keperluan tamu, meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, akurasi data, dan pengalaman pelayanan tamu secara keseluruhan.
POLIGAMI SIRRI (Antara Maslahat dan Mafsadat)
Authors: Fatahillah Wilnan
Published: September 2024

Perbuatan Poligami Sirri menjadi sebuah penomena di kalangan masyarakat bahkan menjadi bahan perdebatan dalam menilai maslahat atau tidaknya perbuatan tersebut di kalangan masyarakat umum maupun para fukoha. Sebagian berpendapat bahwa perbuatan itu sah dan boleh dilakukan selama memenuhi persyaratan-persyaratan yang ditentukan dan untuk kemaslahatan.. Sebagian lagi berpendapat bahwa perbuatan poligami sirri, walaupun sah secara agama namun lebih banyak mengandung mafsadat dari pada maslahat. Sebagian lagi berpendapat poligami sirri bertentangan dengan hukum positif dan berdampak negative terhadap pihak perempuan dan anak. Penulis melakukan penelitian dengan tujuan agar diketahui maslahat dan mafsadat nikah poligami siri dan membandingkan antara maslahat dan mafsadat tersebut agar dapat membuat prioritas mana yang diutamakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kecilnya atau sedikitnya maslahat dan banyaknya mafsadat yang diakibatkan karena perbuatan poligami yang dilakukan secara sirri.
Piercing Diametral Disks Induced by Edges of Maximum Spanning Trees
Authors: Abu-Affash A. Karim , Carmi Paz , Maman Meytal
Published: September 2024

Let $P$ be a set of points in the plane and let $T$ be a maximum-weight spanning tree of $P$.For an edge $(p,q)$, let $D_{pq}$ be the diametral disk induced by $(p,q)$, i.e., the disk having the segment $\overline{pq}$ as its diameter. Let $\cal{D}_T$ be the set of the diametral disks induced by the edges of $T$. In this paper, we show that one point is sufficient to pierce all the disks in $\cal{D}_T$. Actually, we show that the center of the smallest enclosing circle of $P$ is contained in all the disks of $\cal{D}_T$, and thus the piercing point can be computed in linear time.
Certifying Induced Subgraphs in Large Graphs
Authors: Meyer Ulrich , Tran Hung , Tsakalidis Konstantinos
Published: September 2024

We introduce I/O-efficient certifying algorithms for the recognition of bipartite, split, threshold, bipartite chain, and trivially perfect graphs. When the input graph is a member of the respective class, the certifying algorithm returns a certificate that characterizes this class.Otherwise, it returns a forbidden induced subgraph as a certificate for non-membership.On a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, our algorithms take $\mathcal O(\text{sort}(n + m))$ I/Os in the worst case for split, threshold and trivially perfect graphs.In the same complexity bipartite and bipartite chain graphs can be certified with high probability.We provide implementations and an experimental evaluation for split and threshold graphs.
Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum diagnosed and treated differently in preterm infants: two case reports
Authors: Park Su Jeong , Park Kyung Hee
Published: September 2024

Pneumoperitoneum that develops in the absence of a perforated abdominal viscus and does not require laparotomy is considered to be idiopathic. Differentiating between idiopathic pneumoperitoneum and highly lethal perforation due to necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants is important. Herein, we report two cases of idiopathic pneumoperitoneum in preterm infants who underwent exploratory laparotomy and conservative treatment, respectively. The first patient was born at 32+5 weeks of gestation and developed pneumoperitoneum on day 7 of life. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and was diagnosed with idiopathic pneumoperitoneum after surgery. The second patient was born at 30 weeks of gestation. He developed pneumoperitoneum on the eighth day of life. Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum was suspected, and the patient was treated conservatively without laparotomy. Based on our awareness and experience of the first case of idiopathic pneumoperitoneum, we were able to treat the second patient conservatively. These cases will be helpful for diagnosing and treating pneumoperitoneum in preterm infants.
Qu’est-ce qu’une marchande publique ?
Authors: Laperrière Marie-Neige
Published: September 2024

Jusqu’en 1964, les femmes mariées au Québec étaient juridiquement incapables. Pourtant, certaines se sont tout de même lancées en affaires. À l’intérieur du Code civil du Bas-Canada, elles étaient soumises au régime des marchandes publiques. Cependant, que signifie cette expression exactement ? Si la question peut sembler simple, la réponse ne l’est pas. Dans le présent texte, l’autrice tâche d’y répondre à partir d’une approche féministe historique du droit, en mettant en parallèle le sens construit de ce concept par trois sources du droit, soit la loi, la doctrine et la jurisprudence. Ce faisant, elle mettra en lumière de nombreuses ressemblances, mais aussi certains écarts entre les savoirs construits autour de cette notion. Plus encore, son texte sera une occasion d’exemplifier l’importance et les effets qu’a eus la puissance maritale sur la construction de la connaissance à l’intérieur de la discipline du droit.
Ocupación y reproducción del lirón gris (Glis glis Linnaeus, 1766) en nidales artificiales en bosques caducifolios catalanes.
Authors: Camprodon Jordi , Torre Ignasi , Salvanya Josep , Flaquer Carles , Ribas Alexis , Arrizabalaga Antoni
Published: September 2024

Se estudia la tasa de ocupación de nidales artificiales (cajas-nido) por el lirón gris en bosques caducifolios catalanes. Para ello, durante el período 2004-2005 se revisaron sistemáticamente más de 400 nidales de cuatro tipos distintos (3 modelos para aves insectívoras, y uno especialmente diseñado para lirones) situados en 6 localidades diferentes. La tasa de ocupación fue muy heterogénea, dependiendo tanto de la localidad como del tipo de nidal. Así pues, la frecuencia máxima de ocupación de cajas por individuos adultos se situó en el 25% en el Montnegre-Corredor (robledal-castañar), y en el 42% en el hayedo de la Grevolosa, mientras que en otras localidades fue muy baja o inexistente. Los nidales de los modelos “Sitta” y “Parus” rindieron resultados parecidos en las localidades en que se dispusieron conjuntamente. Los nidales empezaron a ocuparse en julio, incrementándose su ocupación en agosto, época en que las hembras buscan nidos apropiados para alumbrar. En septiembre se encontraron hembras con crías pequeñas en el Montnegre-Corredor, la única localidad en que se ha podido comprobar la reproducción. El número medio de crías por camada fue de 4,75, con una variación entre 4 y 7 crías por nido (n= 4). La fecha de nacimiento de las crías fue estimada en tres nidos el 19, 21 y 22 de septiembre del 2005, hecho que demuestra una elevada sincronía. En noviembre se observó un incremento de la presencia de lirones que se puede asociar a la dispersión juvenil. Finalmente, en la revisión realizada en pleno invierno no se encontró ningún individuo de lirón gris en las cajas.
Effects of fire on Eurasian badger's trophic ecology in cork oak woodlands of SW Portugal
Authors: Alves Filipa , Loureira Filipa , Rosalino Luis Miguel , Carvalho Silvia , Rei Catarina , Santos-Reis Margarida
Published: September 2024

The patterns of food availability and consumption of two social units of badgers, Meles meles, were analysed in a post-fire situation in the mountain of Grândola, SW Portugal, comparing with a pre-fire situation. Negative effects of the fire event were detected in the two key-resources – fruits and arthropods. However, the perceived decrease in the availability of food resources in the study area was limited to some of the fire-affected food items since the post-fire year was a fairly productive one. Although there was significant variation between pre and post-fire diets, the already described pattern of a diet consisting mainly of fruits in winter and adult arthropods in spring prevailed. Furthermore, olives were identified as the preferred resource, thus supporting the current theory that in Mediterranean ecosystems badgers are generalist feeders with seasonal specialisations. However, although resource abundance was not affected, the distribution and the richness of the different habitat fragments where they occur changed. Therefore, the fact that no important impacts on badgers’ diet where detected cannot guarantee that the species ecology was not affected. The hypotheses of group size reduction and/or expansion of the territory, in order to overcome the constraints associated with trophic resources depletion are discussed in the context of the Resource Dispersion Theory applied to food resources.
Área de campeo de Quirópteros en el término municipal de Carcaixent (Valencia): nuevas citas para el Atlas de los Mamíferos Terrestres.
Authors: Encabo Ignacio , Barba Emilio , Belda Eduardo J. , Monrós Juan S.
Published: September 2024

The distribution of bats inhabiting Carcaixent (Valencia; 59 km2) was studied at a spatial resolution of 1 km2. Vocalizations were recorded over 5 minutes using an ultrasound detector in all squares. Five species were detected: common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus, soprano pipistrelle P. pygmaeus, Kuhl’s pipistrelle P. kuhlii, Savi’s bat Hypsugo savii and Schreiber’s bat Miniopterus schreibersii. Individuals of Plecotus sp. and Myotis sp. were also detected, although we could not identify the species with the detectors used. The present study extends the distribution area of all these species in Spain.
Distribución y hábitos alimenticios de la marta (Martes martes) en el Parque Natural Os Montes do Invernadeiro (Galicia, NO de España).
Authors: Rosellini Stefano , Barja Isabel , Piñeiro Ana
Published: September 2024

En este estudio se analizan la distribución y los hábitos alimenticios de la marta (Martes martes Linnaeus, 1758) en un área protegida del Macizo Central Ourensano (Galicia, NO España). Para evaluar la presencia de la especie se efectuaron transectos a pie en 67 cuadriculas UTM (1 km2) del Parque Natural Os Montes do Invernadeiro en busca de sus excrementos. Además, se usaron otras metodologías complementarias como el fototrampeo, la observación directa y la localización de ejemplares muertos. Para estudiar la dieta se analizaron 209 excrementos recolectados en 25 transectos recorridos mensualmente entre julio 2004 y junio 2005. Para discriminar los excrementos de marta de los de garduña (Martes foina) se usaron técnicas moleculares (PCR-RLFPs), siendo la primera vez que se usa esta metodología en un estudio sobre la alimentación de la especie. Los resultados indican que la marta ocupa el 32,8% del área estudiada. Los mamíferos constituyeron la base principal de su dieta todo el año (50,0% de la biomasa ingerida), seguidos por los frutos (28,1%), aves (20,9%), insectos (0,8%) y reptiles (0,2%). Los micromamíferos constituyeron la especie presa más consumida (41,6% de la biomasa total ingerida), destacando principalmente el consumo de especies del género Apodemus (19,1%). En primavera e invierno los mamíferos fueron la presa predominante (65,8% y 79,5% respectivamente). Sin embargo, en verano y otoño el alimento más consumido fueron los frutos de serbal (Sorbus aucuparia) (verano: 49,7%, otoño: 59,9%), seguidos por los mamíferos (verano: 27,2%, otoño: 30,9%).
DBT is a metabolic switch for maintenance of proteostasis under proteasomal impairment
Authors: Hwang Ran-Der , Lu YuNing , Tang Qing , Periz Goran , Park Giho , Li Xiangning , Xiang Qiwang , Liu Yang , Zhang Tao , Wang Jiou
Published: September 2024

Proteotoxic stress impairs cellular homeostasis and underlies the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The proteasomal and autophagic degradation of proteins are two major pathways for protein quality control in the cell. Here, we report a genome-wide CRISPR screen uncovering a major regulator of cytotoxicity resulting from the inhibition of the proteasome. Dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2 (DBT) was found to be a robust suppressor, the loss of which protects against proteasome inhibition-associated cell death through promoting clearance of ubiquitinated proteins. Loss of DBT altered the metabolic and energetic status of the cell and resulted in activation of autophagy in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism in the presence of proteasomal inhibition. Loss of DBT protected against proteotoxicity induced by ALS-linked mutant TDP-43 in Drosophila and mammalian neurons. DBT is upregulated in the tissues of ALS patients. These results demonstrate that DBT is a master switch in the metabolic control of protein quality control with implications in neurodegenerative diseases.
Individuals with anxiety and depression use atypical decision strategies in an uncertain world
Authors: Fang Zeming , Zhao Meihua , Xu Ting , Li Yuhang , Xie Hanbo , Quan Peng , Geng Haiyang , Zhang Ru-Yuan
Published: September 2024

Previous studies on reinforcement learning have identified three prominent phenomena: (1) individuals with anxiety or depression exhibit a reduced learning rate compared to healthy subjects; (2) learning rates may increase or decrease in environments with rapidly changing (i.e. volatile) or stable feedback conditions, a phenomenon termed learning rate adaptation; and (3) reduced learning rate adaptation is associated with several psychiatric disorders. In other words, multiple learning rate parameters are needed to account for behavioral differences across participant populations and volatility contexts in this flexible learning rate (FLR) model. Here, we propose an alternative explanation, suggesting that behavioral variation across participant populations and volatile contexts arises from the use of mixed decision strategies. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a mixture-of-strategies (MOS) model and used it to analyze the behaviors of 54 healthy controls and 32 patients with anxiety and depression in volatile reversal learning tasks. Compared to the FLR model, the MOS model can reproduce the three classic phenomena by using a single set of strategy preference parameters without introducing any learning rate differences. In addition, the MOS model can successfully account for several novel behavioral patterns that cannot be explained by the FLR model. Preferences for different strategies also predict individual variations in symptom severity. These findings underscore the importance of considering mixed strategy use in human learning and decision-making and suggest atypical strategy preference as a potential mechanism for learning deficits in psychiatric disorders.
Mechanical force of uterine occupation enables large vesicle extrusion from proteostressed maternal neurons
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Guasp Ryan J , Salam Sangeena , Chuang Edward , Morera Andrés , Smart Anna J , Jimenez David , Shekhar Sahana , Friedman Emily , Melentijevic Ilija , Nguyen Ken C , Hall David H , Grant Barth D , Driscoll Monica
Published: September 2024

Large vesicle extrusion from neurons may contribute to spreading pathogenic protein aggregates and promoting inflammatory responses, two mechanisms leading to neurodegenerative disease. Factors that regulate the extrusion of large vesicles, such as exophers produced by proteostressed C. elegans touch neurons, are poorly understood. Here, we document that mechanical force can significantly potentiate exopher extrusion from proteostressed neurons. Exopher production from the C. elegans ALMR neuron peaks at adult day 2 or 3, coinciding with the C. elegans reproductive peak. Genetic disruption of C. elegans germline, sperm, oocytes, or egg/early embryo production can strongly suppress exopher extrusion from the ALMR neurons during the peak period. Conversely, restoring egg production at the late reproductive phase through mating with males or inducing egg retention via genetic interventions that block egg-laying can strongly increase ALMR exopher production. Overall, genetic interventions that promote ALMR exopher production are associated with expanded uterus lengths and genetic interventions that suppress ALMR exopher production are associated with shorter uterus lengths. In addition to the impact of fertilized eggs, ALMR exopher production can be enhanced by filling the uterus with oocytes, dead eggs, or even fluid, supporting that distention consequences, rather than the presence of fertilized eggs, constitute the exopher-inducing stimulus. We conclude that the mechanical force of uterine occupation potentiates exopher extrusion from proximal proteostressed maternal neurons. Our observations draw attention to the potential importance of mechanical signaling in extracellular vesicle production and in aggregate spreading mechanisms, making a case for enhanced attention to mechanobiology in neurodegenerative disease.
Students’ Perceptions of Workplace Robots in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Lukić Nikolić Jelena
Published: September 2024

Research Question: The key research question is what the key positive and negative perceptions of students from the Republic of Serbia regarding workplace robots are. Motivation: Academics, practitioners, and decision-makers are more and more interested in the impact of new technological solutions in the field of robotics on organizations and their functioning. Ongoing technological advancements have accelerated the adoption and use of robots in the workplace. As a result, organizations that plan to introduce robots should consider all effects on employees, both positive and negative. Idea: The main idea is to examine and analyse the perceptions and attitudes of students from the Republic of Serbia regarding robots at the workplace. The results of this study regarding students' perceptions and attitudes towards robots in the workplace are crucial for the future of work and job design. Data: Data were collected via online questionnaire consisting of five profile questions and 13 statements organized in two five-point Likert scales. From January to March 2023, the questionnaire was completed by 164 students from the Republic of Serbia. Tools: The collected answers were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences – SPSS, version 21.0. (Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation). The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, descriptive statistics, student t-test and one-way ANOVA test was used for data analysis. Findings: Research results showed that most respondents believe that robots can do dangerous jobs that humans cannot, that robots can free humans from routine and monotonous jobs, and that humans will have more time for creative tasks. Robots in the workplace, on the other hand, will have some negative consequences. Many respondents agree that working with robots without people would make them feel lonely; robots would not know how to react in some unexpected circumstances; and they are not as flexible and mobile as humans. Contribution: The findings of this study could make a significant contribution to a better understanding of students’ attitudes towards robots in the workplace and they may help decision makers, employers, leaders, and managers on how to increase workplace acceptance of robots.
The Time of Endoscopy for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Observational Study
Authors: Jeon Seong Woo , Kwon Joong Goo , Lee Ju Yup , Lee Si Hyung , Lee Ho Jin ,   Daegu-Gyeongbuk Gastrointestinal Study Group (DGSG)
Published: September 2024

Objectives: In cases of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), endoscopic intervention within the first 24 hours is widely recommended. However, data on the efficacy of urgent endoscopy are limited. Here, we used the Glasgow–Blatchford score to assess bleeding outcomes based on time-to-endoscopy.Methods: Prospectively collected multicenter data, which included 1554 patients with NVUGIB, were retrospectively reviewed between February 2011 and December 2013. Based on time-to-endoscopy, patients were grouped into the early (<24 hours) versus the delayed (≥24 hours) group and the urgent (<6 hours) versus the nonurgent (≥6 hours) group. The rates of re-bleeding, mortality, secondary intervention, transfusion, and morbidity aggravation were analyzed.Results: The mean time-to-endoscopy and median Glasgow–Blatchford score were 33.0±75.5 hours and 12 (range: 1–23), respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that in the delayed endoscopy group, the transfusion and re-bleeding rates were higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.257, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.026–1.540) and lower (HR: 0.610, 95% CI: 0.413–0.901), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that delayed endoscopy was a significant factor for lower re-bleeding rate (HR: 0.576, 95% CI: 0.387– 0.859), which was prominent in the low-risk group (HR: 0.417, 95% CI: 0.225–0.774). Multivariate analysis showed that when compared with the low-risk group, in-hospital comorbidity aggravation was more common in high-risk patients who underwent non-urgent endoscopy (HR: 2.957, 95% CI: 1.045–6.454).Conclusions: In low-risk patients, delayed endoscopy is sufficient for NVUGIB management. In high-risk patients, urgent endoscopy reduced comorbidity aggravation during hospital care.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Gastric Phytobezoars: Implication of Drinking Carbonated Beverages as a Treatment
Authors: Jang Jin Ook , Choi Cheol Woong , Ryu Dae Gon , Park Su Bum , Kim Su Jin
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Although phytobezoars are the most common type of gastric bezoar, a standardized treatment method has not been adopted.Methods: In this study, we evaluated patient clinical features and treatment outcomes following the use of different treatment methods, with a focus on the efficacy of carbonated beverage consumption. A review of medical charts and endoscopic reports revealed 15 cases of gastric phytobezoars from September 2008 to May 2016. Patient medical records were retrospectively reviewed to assess patient clinical characteristics and treatment results.Results: The mean patient age was 71.3±11.1 years. The most common symptoms were epigastric pain (46.7%) and bloating (40.0%). A history of intra-abdominal surgery was found in 26.7% of the patients. The mean bezoar size was 47.3±14.5 mm. The final successful treatment methods were consumption of a carbonated beverage alone (n=7, 46.7%), endoscopic removal (n=5, 33.3%), and surgery (n=3, 20.0%). During the treatment course, few patients (3/15, 20.0%) experienced small bowel obstructions after the consumption of the carbonated beverage and endoscopic fragmentation; these obstructions required surgical interventions. There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between patients successfully or unsuccessfully treated with the carbonated beverage.Conclusions: Most patients presenting with gastric phytobezoars can be successfully treated by consuming carbonated beverages in conjunction with endoscopic therapy. However, small bowel obstructions may occur due to the migration of a fragmented bezoar, necessitating surgical intervention.