bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Energy Consumption Control Based on BIM and Machine Learning
Authors: Zheng Shiyi , Zeng Tiemei , Wu Xianguo , Qin Yawei , Xu Wensheng
Published: August 2022

To solve the problem of building energy consumption (EC) and promote the development of green buildings in China, this paper simulates and predicts EC of building based on BIM and machine learning (ML), so as to provide optimization strategies for building energy conservation. Firstly, this paper uses designbuilder (DB) to simulate the building energy consumption of the design test. Then Support vector machine (SVM) is introduced to fit the functional relationship between energy consumption influencing factors and EC of building, and a EC prediction model is established. Finally, through range analysis, the importance ranking and optimal scheme of six energy consumption influencing factors are obtained. Taking a teaching building in Chengdu as an example, the accuracy of the prediction model is verified, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of building energy conservation.
Survey on the Improvement and Application of HHL Algorithm
Authors: Liu Xiaonan , Xie Haoshan , Liu Zhengyu , Zhao Chenyan
Published: August 2022

Quantum computing is a new computing mode that follows the laws of quantum mechanics to control quantum information units for computation. In terms of computational efficiency, due to the existence of quantum mechanical superposition, some known quantum algorithms can process problems faster than traditional general-purpose computers. HHL algorithm is an algorithm for solving linear system problems. Compared with classical algorithms in solving linear equations, it has an exponential acceleration effect in certain cases and as a sub-module, it is widely used in some machine learning algorithms to form quantum machines learning algorithms. However, there are some limiting factors in the use of this algorithm, which affect the overall effect of the algorithm. How to improve it to make the algorithm perform better has become an important issue in the field of quantum computing. This paper summarizes the optimization and improvement of HHL algorithm since it was proposed, and the application of HHL algorithm in machine learning, and discusses some possible future improvements of some subroutines in HHL algorithm.
What has Belt and Road gas cooperation brought us for —— The financial benefits, the modern governance, or the narrowed distance between cultures?
Authors: Li Ding , Sun Anna , Chunyan Dai , Huilin Liu
Published: August 2022

China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, providing itself with a stable foundation to deepen the gas cooperation with signatories. However, such activities would inevitably confront the cross-cultural challenges that go hand in hand with lucrative opportunities. This paper explores the net policy effects of BRI in the aspects of economy, politics, and culture, together with other impacts from the national traits and the resource types. Results show that there does exist a significant BRI net policy effect on the host country’s GDP per capita and Chinese oversea projects’ net cash flow. But there’s no significance in reducing the political distance & cultural distance between the host county and China. While gas, as vital low-carbon fossil energy, does have brought changes quite differently from the traditional oil business, not only to the host country but also to Chinese investment. What’s more, even in the same country, value divergence exists between the official government & the masses. Finally, Chinese oil & gas investment preference is known for “high risk, high return” and an inclination to countries with a similar social hierarchy to its own.
An assessment on the potential of tenebrio molitor used for biodepolymerization of plastics and polystyrene: influencing factors, various feeding cases and gut microbiota
Authors: Sugumar Pradeepkumar , Shaaz Moin Sha D , Gowda Shreya , Vijay T , Keerthana S
Published: August 2022

The present study aims to analyze the potential of mealworms (Tenebrio Monitor) used for the biodepolymerization of waste papers, plastics and polystyrenes. The various influencing factors were analyzed such as: temperature, light intensity, moisture content and energy sources. The study was conducted with two types of feeding cases that the first was, the waste papers, plastics and polystyrene were fed with oats (Avena sativa) and the above wastes were added directly to the mealworms without any additional energy sources. A similar weight of 100gms of all three wastes has been added with above two mentioned feeding cases to the mealworms. The study was conducted in a larval stage of mealworms for a period of nearly 30 days and 100 mealworms were used for each and every combination of feeding cases. Mealworms have biodepolymerized 40% of the plastic waste and polystyrene within the period of 10-12 days.

Based on the obtained results, it has been found that the gut microbiota and enzymes are the responsible for the biodepolymerization and biodegradation of plastic, polystyrene and paper waste respectively. The present study reveals that mealworms have the potential to survive even after intake of polymer substances, this leads to new pathway for the sustainable management of polymer waste and paper waste.
Development of hybrid aluminum-air battery fuel-cell system
Authors: Tan Weng Cheong , Saw Lip Huat , Yew Ming Chian , Pei-Yu Kuo , Khor Zheng Yu , Sun Dongyang
Published: August 2022

Industrial 4.0 accelerates the need to introduce clean energy to accommodate the increase in electricity demand globally without causing environmental issues. Metal-air battery is a new type of energy storage system in which the metal anode is consumed to generate electricity through the electrochemical reaction. Among various types of the metal anode, aluminum is a promising energy carrier. Aluminum-air battery shows advantages such as high capacity, abundance, low cost, and being environmentally friendly. Traditional aqueous aluminum-air battery experiences restriction from application due to its self-corrosion issues. In this study, instead of reducing or limiting the self-corrosion issues, a different approach is proposed so to make use of the self-corrosion issues of the aluminum-air battery. By incorporating an additional hydrogen-air subcell to the aluminum-air battery, this hybrid system turned the self-corrosion issue into a beneficial reaction by utilizing the hydrogen gas produced from the aluminum anode as the fuel to power the hydrogen-air fuel cell and improving the overall power performance. The electrical performance of each system is studied experimentally using potassium hydroxide electrolytes. The hybrid system shows a great improvement as compared to a single system. The maximum power is improved by more than 40%. This study shows that the hybrid design is feasible in enhancing the aluminum-air battery performance and yet, maintaining low cost and low weight in nature.
Low-velocity impact behavior of sandwich composite structure with 3D printed hexagonal honeycomb core: varying core materials
Authors: Nur Ainin F , Azaman M D , Abdul Majid M S , Ridzuan M J M
Published: August 2022

Additive manufacturing technology is extensively used in aeronautical applications, especially in designing the sandwich composite structures for repair tasks. However, the composite structures are vulnerable to impact loadings because of their exposure to, for instance, loading field carriages, flying debris, and bird strikes. This may lead to crack propagation and ultimately the structural failure. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mechanical behavior of sandwich composite structures under low-velocity impact. In this research, carbon fiber fabric reinforced 3D-printed thermoplastic composite of hexagonal honeycomb cores structures were fabricated with different unit cells (6, 8, and 10 mm) and varying materials (polylactic acid (PLA), PLA-Wood and PLA-Carbon). A drop weight impact test was performed under impact energies (5, 8, and 11 J) to determine the energy absorption performance of the structures whereas the surface morphology was analyzed using a high-intensity optical microscope. Comparing unit cells of materials used, it is observed that the unit cell of 8 mm is the best configuration for lightweight materials with impressive energy absorption capabilities. Under an impact energy of 11 J, the PLA-Wood of unit cell 8 mm shows 9.22 J higher in energy absorption than unit cell 10 mm which is 7.44 J due to intermediate stiffness that resists further deformation. While the filled PLA shows the PLA-Wood material offers better performance in energy absorption capability compared to PLA-Carbon. The PLA-Wood demonstrates 9.22 J more energy absorption for an unit cell 8 mm under an impact energy of 11 J than the PLA-Carbon, which is 8.49 J. This is due to the good compatibility between the hydroxyl groups of the polymer matrix and lignocellulose filler, which translates to better stiffness.
Two-dimensional non-self-similar Riemann solutions for a thin film model of a perfectly soluble anti-surfactant solution
Authors: Barthwal Rahul , Raja Sekhar T.
Published: August 2022

In this article, we construct non-self-similar Riemann solutions for a two-dimensional quasilinear hyperbolic system of conservation laws which describes the fluid flow in a thin film for a perfectly soluble anti-surfactant solution. The initial Riemann data consists of two different constant states separated by a smooth curve inx−yx-yplane, so without using self-similarity transformation and dimension reduction, we establish solutions for five different cases. Further, we consider interaction of all possible nonlinear waves by taking initial discontinuity curve as a parabola to develop the structure of global entropy solutions explicitly.
Construction of boundary conditions for hyperbolic relaxation approximations II: Jin-Xin relaxation model
Authors: Cao Xiaxia , Yong Wen-An
Published: August 2022

This is our second work in the series about constructing boundary conditions for hyperbolic relaxation approximations. The present work is concerned with the one-dimensional linearized Jin-Xin relaxation model, a convenient approximation of hyperbolic conservation laws, with non-characteristic boundaries. Assume that proper boundary conditions are given for the conservation laws. We construct boundary conditions for the relaxation model with the expectation that the resultant initial-boundary-value problems are approximations to the given conservation laws with the boundary conditions. The constructed boundary conditions are highly non-unique. Their satisfaction of the generalized Kreiss condition is analyzed. The compatibility with initial data is studied. Furthermore, by resorting to a formal asymptotic expansion, we prove the effectiveness of the approximations.
A Legal and Political Assessment of Challenges to Abortion Laws by Anti-choice Activists in Australia and the Progression of Abortion Law in Australia and the United States
Authors: O’Rourke Anne
Published: August 2022

Historically, in Australia the issue of abortion had not attracted the violent protests that are frequently part of the American political landscape. Nor had it featured prominently in parliamentary debates. This began to change in 2004 when the issue was put on the political agenda by a small but vocal group of conservative members of the Federal Parliament. It also emerged as an issue at the state government level between 2008 and 2019 with the decriminalization of abortion in four Australian states and one territory. These changes in turn, led to a response by opponents along three lines as follows: first, legal challenges to safe access zones around fertility clinics; second, the pursuit of legal recognition of fetal personhood in state parliaments; and third, ongoing attempts to prevent Medicare (public) funding of abortions in relation to the occurrence of sex-selection abortion. All three strategies have been influenced by, or are copies of, the actions of antiabortion activists in the United States. To date, none of these strategies have proven successful in Australia. Nonetheless, anti-abortion activists are resolute in their desire to overturn recent gains in decriminalising abortion law in Australia. While Australian developments are in conformity with global trends towards liberalization of abortion law, the recent overturning of Roe v. Wade by the Supreme Court of the United States and the restrictions introduced across various states in America, has emboldened opponents of abortion who hope to replicate similar bans and restrictions in Australia.
Moving the field forward: detection of epileptiform abnormalities on scalp electroencephalography using deep learning—clinical application perspectives
Authors: Janmohamed Mubeen , Nhu Duong , Kuhlmann Levin , Gilligan Amanda , Tan Chang Wei , Perucca Piero , O’Brien Terence J , Kwan Patrick
Published: August 2022

The application of deep learning approaches for the detection of interictal epileptiform discharges is a nascent field, with most studies published in the past 5 years. Although many recent models have been published demonstrating promising results, deficiencies in descriptions of data sets, unstandardized methods, variation in performance evaluation and lack of demonstrable generalizability have made it difficult for these algorithms to be compared and progress to clinical validity. A few recent publications have provided a detailed breakdown of data sets and relevant performance metrics to exemplify the potential of deep learning in epileptiform discharge detection. This review provides an overview of the field and equips computer and data scientists with a synopsis of EEG data sets, background and epileptiform variation, model evaluation parameters and an awareness of the performance metrics of high impact and interest to the trained clinical and neuroscientist EEG end user. The gold standard and inter-rater disagreements in defining epileptiform abnormalities remain a challenge in the field, and a hierarchical proposal for epileptiform discharge labelling options is recommended. Standardized descriptions of data sets and reporting metrics are a priority. Source code-sharing and accessibility to public EEG data sets will increase the rigour, quality and progress in the field and allow validation and real-world clinical translation.
The association between acute kidney injury and outcomes in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Siriopol Dimitrie , Yildiz Abdullah Burak , Berkkan Metehan , Popa Raluca , Hasbal Nuri Baris , Ortiz Alberto , Perazella Mark A
Published: August 2022

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are a novel therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that have changed the landscape of cancer therapy but also have some considerable drawbacks. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of these potential complications that may have effects on patient outcomes. In this review, we assessed the effect of AKI on mortality outcomes in cancer patients receiving this immunotherapy.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective, retrospective, randomized and non-randomized studies, which examined the effects of AKI in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. We searched through PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases.

Results

Seven studies were included in the final analysis, with a total number of patients of 761. Overall, the risk of death was higher in patients that developed AKI during ICPI treatment [hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.92, P = 0.02; heterogeneity χ2 = 11.68, I2 = 66%, P = 0.02] compared with patients that did not develop AKI. In addition, there was a trend to a better survival in those with less severe AKI patients compared with those with more severe AKI (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.99–1.83, P = 0.05). Lastly, it was seen that patients with persistent kidney dysfunction (non-recovery) had an increased risk for all-cause mortality (HR 2.93, 95% CI 1.41–6.08, P = 0.004; heterogeneity χ2 = 0.53, I2 = 0%, P = 0.47).

Conclusions

Development of AKI in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with increased risk of mortality.
Cross-country collaboration for physical activity promotion: experiences from the European Union Physical Activity Focal Points Network
Authors: Tcymbal Antonina , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim , Messing Sven , Whiting Stephen , Wickramasinghe Kremlin
Published: August 2022

Background

An analysis of currently existing partnerships and cross-country collaboration for physical activity (PA) promotion is valuable for understanding how such partnerships operate, and how they impact national PA promotion efforts. This study aimed to outline the formation and development of the European Union’s (EU) Physical Activity Focal Points Network, to evaluate its outputs and benefits and to describe its potential and challenges.

Methods

A mixed methods approach were employed, including document analysis, semi-structured interviews with key officials and an online evaluation survey with the focal points.

Results

The network was founded in 2014. Its main task is to coordinate the national collection of information for the EU’s Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) Monitoring Framework. Besides collecting data, focal points usually meet twice a year to share best practices and plan activities for the promotion of PA within the EU. The results of the evaluation survey show that participation in the network helped members specify goals for PA promotion, gain more knowledge regarding how to promote PA, identify more opportunities to promote PA in their country and to join a collaborative project with other countries.

Conclusions

The study shows that the EU Physical Activity Focal Points Network may serve as an example of successful cross-country collaboration in PA promotion. The network has been able to make a contribution to monitoring the implementation of the EU Council Recommendation on HEPA across sectors in particular and of PA promotion in the EU in general.
S02-4 Physical activity and screen time during the COVID-19 lockdown in Europe: repeated cross-sectional study in 10 countries
Authors: Kovacs Viktoria A , Brandes Mirko , Suesse Thomas , Blagus Rok , Csanyi Tamas , Kaj Monika , Starc Gregor , Rocha Paulo , Okely Anthony D
Published: August 2022

Background

To date, few multi-country data on how the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions affected children’s physical activity have been published, and most reports originate outside Europe. This repeated cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and correlates of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) in a large sample of European children during the COVID-19 pandemic in January-February 2021, and compared the data to the first lockdown in May-June 2020.

Methods

Data from two online survey rounds were analysed. A total of 8,395 children aged 6-18 years were included in Round 1 (May-June 2020) and 24,302 in Round 2 (Jan-Feb 2021). PA and ST were assessed by 7-day recall measure.

Results

Overall, 9.3% of children (95%CI, 6.9-11.7) met the WHO PA recommendation, which is half of what was observed in Spring 2020 (19.0% [18.2-19.9]). Exceeding ST recommendations was also prevalent in both data collection rounds. Playing outdoors more than 2 hours/day, following a daily routine and being active in online P.E. increased the odds of healthy levels of physical activity and screen time. We also observed a large variability in curriculum time allocated for P.E. In many countries this was lower than the compulsory requirements.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that lockdown in winter has greater negative impact than in spring. Promoting safe and responsible outdoor activities, safeguarding P.E. lessons during distance learning and setting pre-planned, consistent daily routines are important in helping children maintain healthy active lifestyle in pandemic situation. These factors should be prioritised by policymakers, schools and parents.
S06-2 GAP: The Girls Active Project
Authors: McQuinn Sara , Belton Sarahjane , Staines Anthony , Sweeney Mary Rose
Published: August 2022

Background

Adolescent females Physical Activity (PA) participation rates are low globally, particularly among females of lower Socio-Economic Status (SES). Evidence suggests theory-based, multi-component interventions are most effective at improving PA levels. This research aimed to co-design, with adolescent females, a theory-driven, multi-component, extracurricular school-based PA intervention, the Girls Active Project (GAP) and assess its feasibility.

Setting

One single-sex, females-only, designated disadvantaged post-primary school in Dublin, Ireland.

Methods

The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) were used to develop the GAP. Mixed-methods with students (n = 287, aged 12-18) and teachers (n = 7) captured students’ self-reported PA levels and identified factors influencing PA behaviour at school. These data were subsequently used in discussion groups with PPI contributors (n = 8, students aged 15-17) to co-design the intervention. Mixed-methods were applied with multiple stakeholders to assess the feasibility of implementing and evaluating the GAP programme over a 12-week single-arm feasibility trial.

Results

Just 1.4% of the students in this sample (n = 287) reported meeting the recommended PA guidelines. Time, social influences, beliefs about capabilities, environmental context and resources, goals, reinforcement, and behavioural regulation emerged from the data as factors influencing PA behaviour. A peer-led, after-school PA programme was co-designed. The feasibility study encountered significant contextual barriers and challenges with recruitment. Recruitment (n = 8, 10%) was low, yet retention (88%) was high. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic hindering implementation, results suggested the GAP programme was implemented with high fidelity (87%), well-received by stakeholders and perceived as compatible with the after school-setting.

Conclusions

PA levels of females in this sample were far below recommended guidelines for optimum health. The novel approach applied to systematically co-design the intervention could facilitate future replication. Whilst further thought must be given on how to increase enrolment, the in-person delivered PA programme showed promise as an intervention that can be feasibly implemented and evaluated. Future research should examine the GAP’s preliminary-effectiveness at increasing PA levels in a pilot-cluster randomised controlled trial.
S06-5 The Walking In ScHools (WISH) study: Development and evaluation of a peer-led school-based walking intervention in adolescent girls from pilot to fully-powered trial
Authors: Murphy Marie H , Gallagher Alison M , Carlin Angela , Maria O’ Kane S , Doherty Leanne C , McDermott Gary , Lahart Ian M , Jago Russell , Faulkner Maria
Published: August 2022

Background

Walking interventions, delivered within the school setting, have the potential to increase physical activity (PA) in adolescents. Previous research has shown that walking is an acceptable form of PA for adolescent girls, and that walking interventions may be effective at increasing PA in this group. Findings from the Walking In ScHools (WISH) pilot study (n199 female participants) found the intervention was effective in increasing light intensity PA in adolescent girls, but further research is needed to examine the effects of walking on overall PA and the role of peer leaders in delivering school-based interventions. The present study aims to build upon this pilot work and evaluate the effectiveness of a novel, low-cost, peer-led school-based walking intervention, delivered across the school year, at increasing accelerometer-measured PA levels of adolescent girls.

Methods

The WISH study is a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial targeting adolescent girls (aged 12-14 years) within the post-primary school setting. Data will be collected at four timepoints, baseline, mid-intervention, post-intervention, and 13 months post-baseline. Following baseline data collection, schools were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 9) or control (n = 9). In intervention schools, older pupils (aged 15-18 years) were trained as walk leaders and led the younger girls in 10-15min walks before school, at break, and during lunch, across the school year (20-22 weeks). The primary outcome measure is accelerometer-measured total PA (post-intervention) and secondary outcomes include anthropometry measures, and wellbeing.

Results

Some 590 participants (mean(SD) age 12.6(0.64)years) were recruited from 18 schools across Northern Ireland (n = 9) and the Border region of the Republic of Ireland (n9). Within the intervention schools, 149 walk leaders were trained. At baseline (n = 535), mean(SD) time spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was 39.2(17.07)mins/day and 66 (12%) girls achieved PA guidelines of 60 minutes MVPA per day. Data collection and analysis is ongoing.

Conclusions

This research has outlined the development of a novel, peer-led walking intervention and demonstrated its effectiveness at increasing light intensity PA in adolescent girls. The ongoing fully powered trial will build upon this pilot work and further evaluate the effects of the WISH study on increasing PA in adolescent girls.
S07 How do sports clubs contribute to health? From theory to interventions
Authors: Van Hoye Aurélie , Geidne Susanna , Rinta-Antila Katja , Gavin Kevin , Ooms Linda , Johnson Stacey , Seghers Jan , Kokko Sami
Published: August 2022

The symposium presents last findings on health promotion interventions in sports clubs. After a short introduction about the health promoting sports clubs (HPSC), five presentations (France, Sweden, Ireland, Finland and Netherlands) will reflect upon how sports clubs can be health promoting: in theory, from youth perspectives, by increasing physical activity level as outcome or enhancing sustainability of interventions, before opening the discussion with academic experts. Presentation 1 describes an iterative international process, implicating three groups (French sport students, French and Swedish experts) to create an intervention theory, based on the HPSC model. Presentation 2 focuses on a cross-sectional study investigating 123 Swedish youth's representation of sports clubs' role towards health promotion, identifying social dimension, environment, coaches, amount and ambition of practice as key factors. Presentation 3 is a longitudinal study among 366 adolescents, followed from age 15 to age 19, questioning the participation to organised sport practice and their orientation (leisure or competitive). Results have shown that by the age of 19, 33% of boys and 43% of girls have dropped out of organised sport, where 45% of boys and 26% of girls continued participation. Adolescents with a competitive goal orientation were more likely to continue participation. Presentation 4 is a longitudinal study among 131 youth measuring objective physical activity before and in the middle of a sport season. Principal results showed a significant change across time point, as well as differences between gender (a decrease in moderate to vigorous physical activity during games for boys and an increase for girls). Presentation 5 examined factors that influenced the sustainability of 14 Dutch sporting program aimed at increasing physical activity among inactive people 6.5 years after their implementation. Interviews with representatives of Dutch National Sports Federations and sports clubs helped to identify facilitating and impeding factors, like program adaptation, evaluation, financing and factors related to human resources. Question and Answer will be organised around the key ingredients and challenges facing the development of HPSC interventions, such as implementation of theoretical background, sport participants need consideration, complexity of outcomes evaluation of HPSC and program sustainability.
S07-4 Sporting programs aimed at inactive population groups in the Netherlands: factors influencing their long-term sustainability in the organized sports setting
Authors: Ooms Linda
Published: August 2022

Background

The organized sports sector has received increased interest as a setting to stimulate physical activity among inactive target groups. To include many inactive people and to obtain population health benefits, it is important that effective sporting programs are sustained (i.e. continuation of program activities) over a long period of time. This study identified the factors influencing the long-term sustainability of these kind of sporting programs located within local sports clubs in the Netherlands.

Methods

Fourteen Dutch sporting programs aimed at increasing physical activity levels of inactive population groups and funded within the National Action Plan for Sport and Exercise (NAPSE) were the focus of this study. The programs were developed by ten Dutch National Sports Federations (NSFs) and implemented by different sports clubs in the Netherlands within a three-year funded implementation period (2008-2011). This research consisted of semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the program coordinators of the NSFs (n = 14) and semi-structured telephone interviews with representatives of sports clubs that provided the programs (n = 17 continued the program, n = 11 discontinued the program) six and a half years after the funding period ended (November 2017-March 2018). A sustainability framework with five pre-specified main themes (i.e. program design, implementation, trainer/coach, organizational setting, broader community environment) guided data collection and (deductive) thematic analysis.

Results

Ten of the fourteen NAPSE funded sporting programs were sustained at the level of the NSFs. Most factors facilitating (+) and impeding (-) the long-term sustainability of the programs were common to both NSFs and sports clubs, like program adaptation (+) and a lack of program financing (-). Program evaluation (+) and high program costs (-) were specific factors mentioned by NSFs, while factors related to human resources (e.g. lack of volunteers (-)) or the sports club nature (e.g. social aspect in program design (+)) applied to sports clubs. The factors were summarized in the form of a checklist.

Conclusions

Key factors influencing the long-term sustainability of the sporting programs were identified. The results can be used to develop strategies to promote long-term sustainability of these kind of programs and inform funding guidelines in countries with a similar organized sports infrastructure.
S08-2 Reproducibility and validity of four physical activity questionnaires in 18 European union member states: the European Union Physical Activity and Sport Monitoring System (EUPASMOS) project
Authors: Schipper Maarten
Published: August 2022

Background

The successful promotion of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) requires reliable and valid prevalence data of physical activity (PA) to enable the design, implementation and evaluation of effective and cost-effective policies. As part of the development of a new integrated monitoring framework in Europe, the reliability and validity of the Eurobarometer, European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) were studied in the ongoing European Union Physical Activity and Sport Monitoring System project (EUPASMOS) among 18 European Union member states.

Methods

Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were assessed among 80-100 adults per member state using the four questionnaires and the UKK RM42 accelerometer. Participants completed the questionnaires in random order and wore the accelerometer seven consecutive days on their right hip (during the day) and on their non-dominant wrist (overnight). Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior and adherence to the WHO PA guidelines were calculated based on the 5 methods. The reproducibility and validity of the four questionnaires were tested by using the Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) or Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ), dependent of the outcome measure.

Results

Preliminary results from the Netherlands (N = 91) showed that the correlations for reproducibility of all four questionnaires varied between 0.51 and 0.63 for MVPA, between 0.30 and 0.60 for the WHO PA guidelines and between 0.65 and 0.82 for SB. All correlations were statically significant (p > 0.05). Significant correlations for validity of the questionnaires were found for MVPA (ρ = 0.22-0.43) and the WHO PA guidelines (ρ = 0.19-0.25). The only exception was the association between the EHIS questionnaire and the WHO PA guidelines. For SB, only GPAQ and the EHIS questionnaire showed significant associations (ρ = 0.31-0.32).

Conclusions

First analyses of the Dutch data within the EUPASMOS project showed that the four commonly used questionnaires in Europe are fairly to strongly reliable methods depending on the outcome measure. The four questionnaires are fairly valid methods, except the Eurobarometer and IPAQ when examining SB. It is of interest to examine the quality of these questionnaires in all 18 member states for national and European policy makers.
S08-3 Physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep-time of Eupasmos-project participants in 16 European countries: European Union Physical Activity and Sport Monitoring System (EUPASMOS) project
Authors: Vähä-Ypyä Henri
Published: August 2022

Background

Increasing number of studies use device-based measurements to report levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) of populations. The studies have used different devices, device placements and analysis methods, and thus the comparison of the results between studies and populations is very challenging. The purpose of the present study was to present preliminary results of PA, SB and sleep-time measured with a similar method among adults of 16 European countries.

Methods

The study is based on the Eupasmos-project where PA, SB and sleep-time of the participants (n = 6674) were measured by a tri-axial accelerometer 24/7 (UKK RM42, UKK Terveyspalvelut Oy, Tampere, Finland). Accelerometer was worn on an elastic hip-band during waking-hours and on a wrist-band attached to a non-dominant wrist during bed-time (sleeping). PA-parameters were based on mean amplitude deviation (MAD) of acceleration analyzed in 1min exponential moving average (epoch length 6s). Assessment of SB (e.g. sitting and laying down) and standing were based on the angle for posture estimation (APE). Sleep measurement was based on the movement of a non-dominant wrist during bed-time. Parameters analyzed were total daily times and different bout lengths of SB, standing, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, sleep and mean number of daily steps.

Results

The preliminary analysis included 47-1952 participants/country. In all countries participants spent most of their waking-hours sedentary. On weekdays the country-mean of SB varied from 8h18min to 10h7min. Participants took on average 6907-9716 steps/day. Light PA varied from 3h46min to 5h10min and moderate-to-vigorous PA from 45 to 78min. Participants wore the device on their wrist (sleeping-time) 6h42min-8h37min on weekdays. Although the total times of these behaviors were quite similar between the countries, the variation increased when different bout lengths were analyzed: the longer the bout length, the larger the variation. The hour-by-hour pattern of these behaviors varied a lot between the countries as well.

Conclusions

General pattern of SB, PA and sleep-time was quite similar in all countries, but the deeper analysis revealed clear differences. To be able to compare levels and patterns of these behaviors it is essential to use the exactly same method in all participating countries.
S10-4 The Global Observatory for Physical Activity-GoPA! Policy Inventory: preliminary findings and lessons learned
Authors: Pedišić Željko
Published: August 2022

Background

Insufficient physical activity (PA) is considered to be one of the main risk factors for premature mortality. Its high prevalence and associated costs for the health care system present a strong incentive for national governments to develop PA policies. There is a lack of recent and mutually comparable data on national PA policies, particularly for low- to middle-income countries. In 2019, the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) has therefore started collecting data on national PA policies globally using the GoPA! Policy Inventory, version 3.0. Our aim is to present the preliminary findings of this data collection and lessons learned during the process.

Methods

The GoPA! Policy Inventory, version 3.0 was distributed to 149 GoPA! Country Contacts, with an option to provide their responses in an online survey or in an interactive Word document. The GoPA! Policy Inventory, version 3.0 includes 20 questions about availability, content, implementation, comprehensiveness, and effectiveness of national PA policies.

Results

Data were collected for 24 high-income, 13 upper-middle-income, nine lower-middle-income, and three low-income countries (overall n = 49) from all six WHO regions. A large majority of countries (76%) reported having a national PA policy or plan. Fifty-seven per cent of countries reported having PA recommendations. However, less than a half of the countries (45%) had PA recommendations for each of the following key target groups: children and young people, adults, and older adults. National health surveillance/monitoring system, which includes measures of PA, was available in 78% of countries. Most Country Contacts indicated that the ministries of health, sport, and education had active roles in PA promotion. Quantifiable national targets for PA were established in 43% of countries. The median score for the implementation of policies was 6, for comprehensiveness five, and effectiveness four and a half (out of a maximum score of 10).

Conclusion

Further efforts are needed in the development and implementation of comprehensive national PA policies. More countries should establish quantifiable national targets for PA and track progress toward meeting them. Monitoring the effectiveness and implementation of PA policies remains challenging, as countries do not have established systems for their assessment.
O1-1 Footfall trends on Irish walking trails before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Power Dylan , Lambe Barry , Murphy Niamh
Published: August 2022

Background

Organisations operating at multiple levels of the physical activity and outdoor recreation ecosystem in Ireland collect data pertaining to recreational trail use, yet despite its potential utility, there is no centralised surveillance system for Irish walking trails. Due to the little effort to collate data, recreational walking trail usage in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aims of this study are twofold. Firstly, this study aims to compare trends in footfall count data on Irish trails prior to, and during, the period following the outbreak of COVID-19. Secondly, this study aims to triangulate findings from footfall count data with openly available mobility data.

Methods

This descriptive study analysed changes in footfall counts gathered from passive infrared sensors on 33 of Ireland's walking trails between January 2019 and December 2020. The relationship between Google Community Mobility Report (GCMR) data and footfall counts was analysed to corroborate trends in footfall data.

Results

Overall, total footfall increased by 6% (p = 0.024) between 2019 and 2020 on trails included in this analysis. Notably, mean trail usage was between 26% and 47% higher (p = 0.002) in October-December 2020 than during the same period in 2019. On average, trails >2km from an urban area had higher footfall during all periods of movement restrictions.

Conclusions

The conclusions of this study are twofold. Firstly, recreational walking trail use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially on trails closer to urban areas. The increase reported here poses questions relating to the potential positive legacy which the pandemic period may have had on recreational trail use. Secondly, combining multiple data sources can provide trail managers with more detailed representations of trail usage. However, there are currently little efforts to harmonise data. Future research should examine the multi-level determinants of trail use to inform context specific trail promotion campaigns. Furthermore, investigating novel ways to coordinate heterogeneous datasets pertaining to recreational walking may prove fruitful for the fields of outdoor recreation and physical activity research.
O1-3 Time spent cycling, running, walking, standing, sitting, and lying: a cross-sectional analysis of accelerometer-data from 930 Danes aged 15-94 in the Moving Denmark study
Authors: Sofie Koch , Schipperijn Jasper , Christiansen Lars Breum
Published: August 2022

Background

Physical activity is essential for public health. Newer device-based measures can identify different activity behaviors, which is useful to focus future health promotion initiatives. The objectives of this study were to describe time spend cycling, running, walking, standing, sitting, and lying during a regular day using accelerometers, and to describe differences between age-groups and gender.

Methods

In the Moving Denmark study a representative sample of 400.000 Danes were invited to a national survey. A subsample of 1525 respondents gave consent to wear an accelerometer (Axivity AX3 attached to the right thigh; 24 h/day, 7 consecutive days) of which 930 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (min. 3 valid weekdays and 1 valid weekend day with data). Daily time spent biking, running, walking, standing, sitting, and lying were derived using the method proposed by Skotte et al. (2014) using 1-s epochs, and differences between age-groups (15-25, 26-45, 46-65, +66 y/o) and gender were investigated using Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.

Results

Among those cycling (39.2%) and those running (67.9%), the mean time per day was 8.4 minutes for cycling and 2.8 minutes for running. The mean time walking, standing, sitting, and lying was 93.5, 183.2, 572.1, and 542.2 min/day, respectively. No significant difference was observed between age groups on biking, but time spend biking was highest among men. Average time spend running and walking was highest among the youngest participants (15-25 y/o), but with no differences observed on gender. No difference between age groups were found for standing, but the average time spend standing was significantly higher for women compared to men. Average sitting time was significantly higher among the older participants (+66 y/o), whereas time spend lying was highest among the youngest participants, but with no differences observed on gender.

Conclusions

The study show that at least 67.9% of the sample are active through either biking, running, or both, but also that the average daily minutes are limited. Men accumulate in average more minutes of biking, and women more minutes of standing. The younger participants had more minutes of walking, running, and lying, while the older participants more often were sitting.
O3-2 Evaluation of implementation and impact of a national mass media campaign to promote active lifestyles in Portugal: ‘Follow the Whistle: Physical Activity is Calling You'
Authors: Silva Marlene Nunes , Godinho Cristina , Salavisa Marta , Silva Catarina Santos , Santos Rute , Mendes Romeu , Owen Katherine , Teixeira Pedro , Bauman Adrian
Published: August 2022

Background

Portugal has one of the highest rates of physical inactivity in Europe. To raise the profile of physical activity (PA) among adults, the Portuguese National Physical Activity Promotion Program of the Directorate-General of Health developed and implemented a national mass media campaign in 2019 named ?Follow the Whistle?. The campaign was based on social marketing principles and behavior change theory, namely the COM-B model, and was developed through formative research. We aim to describe the implementation process and short-term impact evaluation data.

Methods

‘Follow the Whistle' was launched in June 2019 and continued for 4 weeks (TV, Radio, Online and Cinema, newspapers, outdoors). Pre (n = 878, 57%women) and post (n = 1319, 58%women) independent adult population samples were used to assess campaign impact. Participants were recruited through the mailing list of a Portuguese mutual insurance company, a network from across Portugal. The online questionnaire comprised socio-demographic factors, campaign awareness and recall, and psychosocial and behavioral measures linked to the four targets of the COM-B model, including items to assess perceived capability for physical activity(C), perceived opportunity for practice/ ease of integration of PA in daily living(O), motivation for PA practice(M) and behavior(B) assessed with IPAQ and the Activity Choice Index.

Results

Pre-and post-campaign samples were broadly demographically similar. Campaign recall increased significantly from 1% to 24% in prompted tagline recall (1/3 at post-campaign correctly recalled specific campaign images). All the targeted COM-B indicators changed in the expected direction, suggesting increases in perceived capability to engage in PA, perceived daily opportunities for being physically active, and in motivation (considering PA as fun, important, and compatible with other important things in life) (all p > 0.05). Results from PA behavior measures revealed increases only for vigorous activities (p > 0.001).

Conclusions

The GAPPA recommends the creation of active societies starting with best-practice community-wide communications campaigns. Although one focus of the ?Follow-the whistle? (i.e. promotion of active transport and incidental everyday forms of physical activity) was not entirely achieved (i.e. changes only in vigorous activities), the initial campaign objectives of increases in awareness, and influencing intermediate outcomes were achieved. Further campaign waves are planned for future years.