bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and In vitro Release & In vivo Behavior Study of Self-Assembled Nano-Emulsion in XiaoYao Pill for Enhanced Drug Delivery
Authors: Yuan Zhao Fang , QingXia Guan , MeiWei Zhu , LianZhi Wang , FangFang Yang , ZhiPing Yang , ZhongXin Chen , XiaoFang Dai
Published: September 2024

Background:

Traditional Chinese medicine formulations often contain hydrophobic components
with limited solubility and stability, leading to low oral bioavailability. Self-assembled nanoparticles
(SANs) have shown promise in enhancing oral bioavailability of these components.
However, whether un-decocted Chinese herbal pellets can generate SANs and the impact of SANs
formed by multiple components on pharmacokinetic parameters remains unexplored.

Methods:

In this study, single-factor approach was employed to determine the optimal separation
method of nano-emulsion phase of XiaoYao pill (N-XY). Morphological and particle size analyses
confirmed the nanoscale nature of N-XY. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint
analysis was conducted to compare the distribution of active ingredients among three different
phases of XiaoYao pill (XY pill). In vitro release studies were performed to evaluate the release
mechanism of four ingredients from N-XY. Additionally, in vivo pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution
behaviors were investigated in rats.

Results:

N-XY exhibited uniform and stable characteristics as a water-in-oil (O/W) nano-emulsion.
Fingerprint analysis identified 25 characteristic peaks and 8 key ingredients in N-XY, with the highest
peak areas. In vitro release studies showed a sustained release behavior of N-XY. The pharmacokinetics
study showed that the ferulic acid of N-XY had a 1.37-fold higher AUC, 1.44-fold lower
Vd/F, 1.39-fold lower CL/F, and a prolonged t1/2 than A-XY, indicating enhanced bioavailability
due to reduced elimination. Furthermore, the tissue distribution revealed that the levels of paeoniflorin
and ferulic acid from N-XY significantly increased in liver, spleen, lungs, uterus and ovaries, exhibiting
targeting characteristics.

Conclusion:

This study comprehensively explored the formation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics
of nano-emulsion in XY pill, introducing novel perspectives and initiating preliminary research
on potential SANs in un-decocted traditional Chinese medicine formulations. It also emphasized
the importance of enhancing pharmacokinetics of hydrophobic components in Chinese herbal
formulations and laid the foundation for future nano-formulation research for XY pill.
Investigation of Dual-Loaded Doxorubicin and Sorafenib Liposomes Co-Modified with Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Cell-Penetrating Peptide TAT
Authors: Su Houlin , Tu Zhiqiang , Jing Lin , Huang Yanling , Liu Xu , Yuan Mingqing
Published: September 2024

Background:

Combining Doxorubicin (DOX) with sorafenib (SF) is a promising strategy
for treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). However, strict dosage control is required for both
drugs, and there is a lack of target selectivity.

Objective:

This study aims to develop a novel nano-drug delivery system for the combined use of
DOX and SF, aiming to reduce their respective dosages, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and improve
target selectivity.

Methods:

DOX/SF co-loaded liposomes (LPs) were prepared using the thin-film hydration method.
The liposomes were modified with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine (DSPE)-
polyethylene glycol (PEG2000), DSPE-PEG1000-cell penetrating peptide TAT, and Glycyrrhetinic
Acid (GA). The basic properties of the liposomes were characterized. CCK-8 cell viability assays
were conducted using HepG2, MHCC97-H, and PLC cell models, and apoptosis experiments were
performed using HepG2 cells to determine if this delivery system could reduce the respective dosages
of DOX and SF and enhance HCC cytotoxicity. Liposome uptake experiments were performed
using HepG2 cells to validate the target selectivity of this delivery system.

Results:

A GA/TAT-DOX/SF-LP liposomal nano drug delivery system was successfully constructed,
with a particle size of 150 nm, a zeta potential of -7.9 mV, a DOX encapsulation efficiency of
92%, and an SF encapsulation efficiency of 88.7%. Cellular experiments demonstrated that this delivery
system reduced the required dosages of DOX and SF, exhibited stronger cytotoxicity against
liver cancer cells, and showed better target selectivity.

Conclusion:

A simple and referenceable liposomal nano drug delivery system has been developed
for the combined application of DOX and SF in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Obeticholic Acid-Activated FXR in Valproic Acid-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Chen Ya'nan , Zhou Jingkai , Xu Shansen , Wang Lei
Published: September 2024

Background:

Valproic acid (VPA)-induced hepatotoxicity is among the most common
and severe adverse drug reactions, limiting its clinical application. Recent studies have suggested
that activating the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) could be a promising therapeutic approach to alleviate
VPA-induced hepatotoxicity; however, related research remains limited.

Objective:

This study aims to comprehensively investigate the mechanisms underlying FXR activation
by obeticholic acid (OCA) for the treatment of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity.

Methods:

Network pharmacology was performed to identify potential targets and pathways underlying
the amelioration of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity by OCA. The identified pathways were validated
through GEO data analysis, and the affinities between OCA and potential key targets were
predicted using molecular docking as well as molecular dynamics simulations.

Results:

A total of 462 targets associated with VPA-induced hepatotoxicity and 288 targets of
OCA were identified, with 81 shared targets. KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis indicated
that the effect of OCA on VPA-induced hepatotoxicity primarily involved lipid metabolism, as
well as oxidative stress and inflammation. The results from GEO data analysis, molecular docking,
and molecular dynamics simulations revealed a close association between bile secretion, the
PPAR signaling pathway, and the treatment of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity by OCA.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that OCA exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy against VPAinduced
hepatotoxicity through multiple targets and pathways, thereby highlighting the therapeutic
potential of FXR as a target for treating VPA-induced hepatotoxicity.
Corrigendum to: Upregulation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 in Microglia by Cinnamic Acid
Authors: Chakrabarti Sudipta , Jana Malabendu , Roy Avik , Pahan Kalipada
Published: September 2024

In the online version of the article, a change was made in Figure 1 of the article titled “Upregulation of Suppressor of Cytokine
Signaling 3 in Microglia by Cinnamic Acid”, published in Current Alzheimer Research, 2018, 15(10), 894-904. The author
informed the publisher that an incorrect image was provided for Figure 1. The correct image was from the P-CREB experiment
of Figure 5 [1].

Now, the revised Figure 1 has been updated in the article, and it can be found online at:
https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/90209
Cell Differentiation on Hydrogels and its Application in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: León-Campos Maria I. , Claudio-Rizo Jesús A. , Cobos-Puc Luis E. , Cabrera-Munguia Denis A.
Published: September 2024

Cellular differentiation is a biological process in which a cell permanently
alters its characteristics (phenotype), ensuring that its descendants also inherit these
traits or can modify them when subjected to other differentiating stimuli. During this
process, genetic changes occur within cells, leading to a commitment to a specific cell
fate. Totipotent cells (stem cells) undergo differentiation based on their ultimate cell
destiny, dictated by the tissue they will eventually become a part of it. A current
challenge in regenerative medicine involves employing biomaterials within hydrogel
matrices to induce changes in cell phenotype and functionality. Stem cells from various
sources can thrive within 3D biomatrices featuring defined chemical compositions, and
depending on the physical, chemical, and biological cues encountered, they can assume
diverse phenotypes. The utilization of hydrogels composed of natural and synthetic
polymers, as well as inorganic components, has been explored for such purposes,
revealing a direct correlation between the structure and physicochemical properties of
polymeric matrices and their impact on cell differentiation capacity. Consequently, the
encapsulation of stem cells within these biomaterials can be tailored to enhance the
effectiveness of regenerative medicine treatments, particularly in the regeneration of
cardiac, dermal, epithelial, cartilaginous, and nervous tissues. This chapter aims to
elucidate the fundamental principles of cellular differentiation in stem cells facilitated
by biomaterial compositions within hydrogel matrices and explore its potential
applications in regenerative medicine.
Ayurvedic concept of Hridaya and its Embryological Development
Authors: Priyanka  , Sachin Sharma
Published: September 2024

According to Ayurveda, the heart, or Hridaya, is one of the body's essential organs. Any harm done to the Hridaya can lead to serious illnesses, serious problems, or even death because it is one of the Trimarams and Dasha Pranaayatana. According to Ayurvedic texts, the heart is an organ with a broad range of functions in addition to being a blood pump. According to Ayurvedic classics, Hridaya is the seat of intellect and life and governs the body, mind, and senses. The essence of Rakta and Kapha makes up the heart. Thus, vitiated Rakta and Kapha are crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of many cardiac conditions. In this article we mainly emphasis on Hridaya Nirukti, Hridaya Uttpatti, and disorders related to deformity in structures in embryological development in Ayurvedic perspective.
Significance of Conservation of Manuscripts w.s.r. to Ayurveda
Authors: Sonia Raj S.
Published: September 2024

Ayurveda, the medical system of India has developed from the ancient treasure of knowledge recorded thousands of years ago. Ancient medical manuscripts contain so many valuable information on various aspects of Indian systems of health care such as different branches in medicine, ethno-veterinary practices and Vrikshayurveda etc. Analysis of these oldest documents will help to acquire an in-depth knowledge about classical texts and open a new horizon of textual research. Exploration of manuscripts will extend a new arena for research in diverse fields like drug research, clinical research, folk literature etc. It also portrays historic events and changes in the culture pertaining to that period. The ancient medical literature presently available only represents 2% of total medical manuscripts. A lot of them are still under the custody of private repositories which are not accessible to others. Manuscripts are in the verge of deterioration with an alarming speed. So, it is the need of hour to conserve these ancient memories before it fades away. Systematic surveys on manuscripts can be done with the support of public, research scholars, universities etc. Awareness campaigns about the conservation of manuscripts should be regularly conducted at institutions with public participation. Other conservation methods are documentation, critical analysis and digitization. All these activities can be effectively done by co-ordination of experts in different fields. To conclude, the knowledge heritage of manuscripts should be properly conserved and handed over to future generation for the benefit of mankind.
A conceptual study on efficacy of Ksharapippali in Vatashteela
Authors: Akruthi S Gowda  , Srinivas Masalekar
Published: September 2024

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is essentially a disease of old age in males, with the prevalence of around 50% by the age of 60 years. It is a condition with increase in size of the prostate, which exerts pressure on the urethra leading to obstruction to flow of urine. Acharya Sushrutha has explained in detail about obstructive and irritative symptoms of the Urinary bladder under the heading of Mutraghata in Uttaratantra.[1] Vatashteela is one among the 12 types of Mutraghata, where aggravated Vata gets localised in between Basti and Shakritmarga, producing a dense fixed stone like glandular swelling leading to obstruction of Vit, Mutra and Anila with Adhmana and Teevra Ruja in Basti Pradesha.[2] Acharya Vangasena has indicated Ksharapippali[3] in Vatashteela in Chikitsasaara Sangraha which has got many drugs with mutrala properties. Hence this study has been taken up to assess the efficacy of Ksharapippali in Vatashteela with emphasis on its probable mode of action.
Clinical Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Addyzoa Tablet in Male Infertile Patients with Oligospermia and Asthenospermia
Authors: Dnyaneshwar Mote  , Vipul Jaiswal  , Nagsen Punekar
Published: September 2024

Infertility is defined as inability of a sexually active couple to conceive after 1 year of regular intercourse without contraception. Male factors account for 20%-50% of cases of infertility. Male infertility is primarily caused by low sperm count (Oligospermia) and reduced sperm motility (asthenospermia), and is an issue of global dimensions. Oligospermia in a clinically healthy man is one of the commonest conditions encountered in an infertility clinic. Medical management of oligospermia lags far behind expectations, and is still in experimental stage. The global deterioration of male reproductive health is of a major concern. The modern therapeutic approaches to combat male infertility are expensive, less accessible, have long term treatment tenure and possess various side effects. Whereas, the herbal therapies, are better positioned to offer more holistic approaches to improve male reproductive health. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Addyzoa Tablet manufactured by Charak Pharma Pvt. Ltd., an herbal formula comprising of extracts of Withania somnifera, Tribulus terrestris, Mucuna pruriens, Chlorophytum arundinaceum etc. Aim was to determine whether treatment would improve sperm count and morphology of sperms. The mechanisms involved in the efficacy of these medicinal plants in sperm abnormalities are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous and venotonic activity as well as containing precursors for sperm production and increasing blood testosterone level. It was concluded that Addyzoa Tablet improves the density and motility of the sperms and thus is effective in the management of oligospermia and asthenospermia and no adverse effects were reported.
Effect of Ushnodaka in Jwara - A Review
Authors: Swati  , Aradhana Kande
Published: September 2024

In medical practice, Jwara is the most frequently observed clinical condition, occurring either as a primary disease or as a secondary symptom associated with other morbidities. Acharya Charaka has described the disease in which there is rise in temperature of the body is the Jwara. Acharya Sushruta has also mentioned that the cardinal symptoms of Jwara include pain throughout the body, increased heat, and blockage of sweating. Jwara is caused due to aggravated Dosas enter the Amasaya and combine with Agni, accompanying the Rasa, blocking the channels of Rasa and Sweda. Ushnodaka refers not only to warm water but according to the classics reduction of water after boiling to one half of its quantity is called Ushnodaka. We are utilizing Ushnodaka in the treatment of fever because its Deepan Pachan and ability to remove blockage at the Srotas by it’s efficacy.
Evaluation of etiological factors (Hetu) of Prameha w.s.r. to Bruhatrayee
Authors: Suman Sharma
Published: September 2024

Objective: To evaluate etiological factors (Hetus) of Prameha with special reference to Bruhatrayee. Methods: 75 Patients of Prameha and randomly ‘selected control group of 75 people were comprehensively investigated with a self-designed questionnaire. All the data obtained were transformed and analysed statistically by chi-square test. Result: There is statistical difference between the Prameha patient group and the control group. Among the case group Pishtanna, Krushara, Vilepi, Ikshu-Vikar, Nava Madhya, Mandak Dadhi, Dravanna, Madhur Atisevan, Snigdha Aahar, Amla Atisevan, Lavan Atisevan, Samashan, Vyayama Varjanam, Swapna-Shayya-Aasana, Diwaswap have been found significant Hetus (Aaharaja) in occurrence of Prameha than those of control group (p<0.05). Dhanya Sevan, Sarpi Sevan, Mamsa Sevan, Shaak Sevan, Payas, Ksheer, Guru Aahar and Sheet Sevan, Mruja Varjanam, Tyakta Chintana, and Samshodhana Akurvatam have been not found significant Hetus (Viharaja) in occurrence of Prameha. Conclusion: This study indicated that, Hetus (etiological factors) of Prameha which are actually responsible for manifestation of Prameha Vyadhi has been categorized in this study. Hence Hetu Siddhant has been revalidated.
Descriptive and Comparative Study of Ashta Udara Roga : An Ayurvedic Review
Authors: Manish Kumar Paul  , Namrata Khobragade
Published: September 2024

The meaning of the word Udara is Kukshi or Jathara. It lies in between Nabhi (Umbilicus) and Stana (Breast). Udara Roga denotes Udara Utsedh and Kukshi Aadhman which is generalised distention or enlargement of the abdomen of varied etiology. Udara Roga is a disease which has been described in detail in all our classical textbooks. In Ayurveda, there are eight types of Udara Roga. Kukshi Aadhman (Generalised abdominal distention) is present in all types of Udara Roga. Mandagni is the main cause of Udara Roga. As per the Ayurvedic principle, Agni plays an important role during the disease process. This review may provide many important facts to differentiate Udara Rogas.
Role of Yogasanas in the management of Alcoholism
Authors: Manjula Turamari  , Sushma Marihal
Published: September 2024

Yoga is an Indian traditional health promoting therapy. Now whole world is looking for traditional system of medicines or integrative systems of medicine to overcome from some of the diseases, where not only physical, but also mental, social, spiritual factors are also hamper. For example, life style disorders, auto-immune diseases, genetic disorders and mainly drug addictions like narcotics, sedatives drugs, deliriant poisons like alcohol. As 5.1% of the global burden of diseases and injury is attributable to alcohol. This leads to 5.3% of all deaths.[1] According to WHO report only 3.3 % of Indians consumes alcohol as it is not widely consumed in India. But still 336 deaths occur per day due to alcohol consumptions. Hence this article is to through light on yoga therapy for alcoholism and for its addictions even after de-addiction therapy.
Ayurvedic management of Secondary Infertility associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - A Case Report
Authors: Juli Kotwani  , Tejaswini Dhiraj Buchade
Published: September 2024

PCOD is the main cause of infertility in the present generation among the reproductive age group due to undesirable lifestyle changes. In the case report an infertile couple who had not been able to conceive since 2 yrs. The wife was diagnosed with PCOS. The ovulatory factor that contributes to infertility is 30 -40 %. PCOD may be diagnosed if any 2 of the following criteria are present – clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, evidence of oligo- anovulation, polycystic appearing - ovarian morphology on USG. The objective of the present treatment included Ayurvedic management of PCOS, ensuring regular ovulation and thereby helping to develop healthy pregnancy and successful childbirth. Case presentation: A female patient, 32 years old, visited Prasuti Tantra and Stri- Roga OPD of All India Institude of Ayurveda, New Delhi on 7 march 2024 with secondary infertility associated with Irregular menses. Methodology: Detailed history with all clinical, physical examination, and laboratory investigations were carried out which were normal. Ultrasonography reveals bilateral PCOD. So the treatment was planned accordingly. Result: Patient got her menstruation of drug intake with improvement in menstrual pattern. She continued to take drugs during the second month and missed her period consequently after that. UPT was done and was found positive on 18 April.
Management of Vishwachi w.s.r. to Cervical Spondylosis with Dashmoola Kawath and Yograja Guggulu with Anu Tailam Nasayam - A Case Study
Authors: Riya Chandel  , Poonam Gupta  , Hanika Sharma
Published: September 2024

Cervical Spondylosis may be a degenerative condition of cervical spine related to pain, stiffness, and tingling sensation radiating pain from shoulder to digits along the course of the nerve indicates nerve root Compression. It is also associated with numbness and emaciation of upper limbs and its muscles. Pain from posterior part of finger and anterior side of Prakoshtha and Kandara affect motor function. Disease spreading from posterior part of fingers and anterior part of Prakoshtha and Kandara and which affects the nerve in hand and by affecting the motor function known as Vishwachi. Vishwachi is one among the Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi. It affects the neck and upper extremities with signs and symptoms like Ruk, Stambha, Toda, Karmakshaya and Chestaharana of Bahu as explained by different Acharyas. The clinical presentation of Vishwachi is similar to that of cervical Spondolysis, which is an acute painful condition of upper arm, shoulder joint and upper chest region. A 55 years old female approached the JIAR with the chief complaints of: Severe pain in right upper arm, shoulder joint, and neck region along with difficulty in movement of right hand. All the above complaints were since 6 months. The patients were completely on Ayurvedic medicine for 45 days and the results were remarkably seen. The medication given were Yograja Guggulu (1 TDS) and Dashmoola Kawath (20ml BID) along with Anu Tailam Nasya. Hence this study was taken to prove that Ayurvedic management has remarkable result in Viswachi (Cervical Spondylosis). Observation and results were drawn on the basis of assessment criteria. Discussion was done on the basis of entire observation during the research. Conclusion was drawn on the basis of research.
Knowledge and awareness related to Anemia and its treatment; among the Non-Medico Population in the PCMC Region: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Shweta Gupta  , Joshi Mrudula Vinayak  , Shipra Agrahari  , Joshi Vinayak Nilkanth
Published: September 2024

Background: Anemia, a significant public health concern, particularly among the young adult population aged 18-25 years, is a condition characterized by low hemoglobin levels and reduced red blood cells. Objectives: A cross-sectional survey study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding anemia and its treatment in non-medico population. Material & Methods: Data from ACS college of PCMC region were obtained by conducting a survey with 307 respondents from the target age group. The survey instrument consisted of validated closed-ended questionnaire designed to evaluate respondents’ knowledge and practices concerning anemia. Results: The survey revealed a generally high level of awareness about anemia as a health issue caused by low iron levels and reduced red blood cell (RBC) counts. Most respondents (83.1%) identified the complete blood count (CBC) as the primary diagnostic test for anemia and recognized iron supplementation (86.6%) and blood transfusions (89.6%) as treatment options. However, gaps in knowledge were identified. The contributing factors, such as worm infestations (37.1%), heavy menstruation (78.5%), and dietary deficiencies (14%), are not widely understood. The survey also highlighted societal biases, with 68.4% perceiving anemic adolescent girls as physically feeble. Regular hemoglobin monitoring and deworming medication intake practices were limited. Conclusion: Anemia awareness was relatively high among the studied population, targeted educational efforts could enhance the understanding of its multifactorial causes, symptoms and treatment.  Identified knowledge gaps like misconceptions and biases can lead to improved anemia prevention. Regular hemoglobin monitoring and increasing access to deworming medication could be valuable interventions.
Prevalence and consumption of Millets in various districts of Himachal Pradesh - A Survey Study
Authors: Swati Sharma  , Soni Kapil  , Shalini Thakur
Published: September 2024

Millets are a group of small seeded grains that are widely grown around the world as cereal crops and used both for human food and fodder. Millets are an important crop of semi-arid area like Asia and especially of India. They are favoured due to its productivity and short growing season under varying weather conditions. In Ayurveda Millets are classified under Ksudra Dhanya. The UN general assembly has declared Year 2023 as the International Year of Millets because it is an ideal solution for countries to increase self-sufficiency and reduce reliance on imported cereal grains. This is an opportunity to raise awareness of and direct policy attention to nutritional and health benefits of Millets. The present study is planned to assess the ground reality of mass awareness about cultivation, consumption of Millets in Himachal Pradesh. About 500 participants from different districts of Himachal Pradesh were selected randomly for survey study and data collected was analyzed. The results of study reflect that population of Himachal Pradesh is fairly aware about Millet’s cultivation and consumption.  Though lot of policies to promote cultivation and commercialization of Millet crops are in pipeline by Government of Himachal Pradesh, yet a concerted effort is still required to achieve the desired goal.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Growth Opportunity, Likuiditas, Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Struktur Modal
Authors: Agresya Vony , Rosidi
Published: September 2024

This study analyses the effect of profitability, growth opportunity, liquidity, and company size on capital structure. This study uses a quantitative approach using secondary data from non-cyclical consumer sector companies in 2020-2022. This company was used as a research sample because it continues to experience growth in every economic condition, so it requires quite a large capital to develop the business. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique, so the number of samples was 69 companies. This study was analyzed using descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, coefficient of determination test and hypothesis test. The study results show that profitability harms capital structure because the greater the profitability, the smaller the proportion of debt in the company's capital structure. Growth opportunity positively affects capital structure because the higher the growth opportunity, the greater the proportion of debt in the company's capital structure. Liquidity does not affect capital structure because the liquidity value of the company in this study is greater than the capital structure value. Furthermore, company size does not affect capital structure because a company in each use of funding sources, either from its own or foreign capital, must have different capital costs and different levels of risk.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis pengaruh profitabilitas, growth opportunity, likuiditas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap struktur modal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder perusahaan sektor konsumer non-siklis tahun 2020-2022. Perusahaan ini dijadikan sampel penelitian, dikarenakan terus-menerus mengalami pertumbuhan di setiap kondisi ekonomi, sehingga membutuhkan modal yang cukup besar untuk mengembangkan usaha. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sehingga jumlah sampel yaitu 69 perusahaan. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap struktur modal, dikarenakan semakin besar profitabilitas maka semakin kecil proporsi utang di dalam struktur modal perusahaan. Growth opportunity berpengaruh positif terhadap struktur modal, dikarenakan semakin tinggi growth opportunity maka semakin besar proporsi utang di dalam struktur modal perusahaan. Likuiditas tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal, dikarenakan nilai likuiditas pada perusahaan dalam penelitian ini lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nilai struktur modal. Lebih lanjut lagi, ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal, dikarenakan suatu perusahaan dalam setiap penggunaan sumber dana baik dari modal sendiri atau modal asing, pasti mempunyai biaya modal yang berbeda-beda dan tingkat risiko yang berbeda pula.
Effect of Fermented Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) as a Feed Additive on the Phytochemical Content and Production Performance of Isa Brown Laying Hens
Authors: Kasri Kasri , Radiati Lilik Eka , Sjofjan Osfar
Published: September 2024

The overuse and continuous administration of antibiotics have led to the emergence of resistance, posing challenges in eradicating pathogenic bacteria in poultry digestive tracts. This concern has prompted breeders to seek alternatives, such as turmeric. Turmeric, known for its ability to combat disease-causing microorganisms in the digestive tract and improve livestock performance, is one such herb. This study aimed to assess the impact of fermented turmeric on the phytobiotic content and production performance of laying hens. In the initial phase, turmeric underwent anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for seven days, followed by analysis of curcuminoids and flavonoids. An in vivo study was subsequently conducted with 120 laying hens aged 50 weeks divided into five experimental groups: P0 (basal feed without fermented liquid turmeric) and T1--T4 (basal feed supplemented with fermented liquid turmeric). The results revealed a significant decrease in the curcumin and flavonoid contents after fermentation. Feed consumption increased significantly (P<0.05) but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on hen-day production, egg mass, FCR, or IOFC. numcially decreased FCR values. This study demonstrated that incorporating liquid turmeric into basal feed enhanced production performance while reducing FCR in laying hens. The effect of fermented liquid turmeric on feed consumption was sixty-four percent, and the feed conversion ratio was twenty-four percent. These findings suggest that fermented turmeric can effectively serve as a feed additive in poultry production systems, offering a natural alternative and potentially contributing to sustainable and healthy poultry farming practices
Acerca das restrições dos acordos parassociais em matéria de administração
Authors: Almeida Rita Guimarães Fialho de
Published: September 2024

O presente estudo almeja uma reflexão em torno da temática dos acordos parassociais sobre o exercício de funções de administração, tal como a mesma é tratada, em especial, na sua relação com a proibição prevista no art. 17.º, n.º 2, in fine, do CSC, em vista da definição do seu exacto alcance.Este assunto apresenta, de resto, importância fundamental, ante o papel assumido pelos acordos parassociais e tendência natural dos sócios para influenciar a conduta dos membros dos órgãos de administração e o destino da sociedade. Aludiremos, em particular, à ratio da proibição dos acordos parassociais sobre a conduta dos membros do órgão de administração, sem esquecer as circunstâncias em que a restrição deve ceder.
O dever de informação do Estado e a instrumentalização do controle social: um estudo a partir dos portais municipais da transparência no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Hermany Ricardo , Juruena Cynthia Gruendling
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo trazer a importância do controle social no Estado Democrático de Direito e a relevância do dever de informação do Estado para que haja uma fiscalização da sociedade e auxilie no controle de atos corruptivos. Dessa forma, foi feita uma análise dos portais da transparência dos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, e como tem se dado o acompanhamento do Tribunal de Contas do Estado frente a esses portais. O procedimento metodológico utilizado nessa pesquisa foi o bibliográfico e o levantamento de dados. O resultado evidenciado foi que os municípios, apesar de estarem cada vez mais criando os seus portais da transparência e cumprindo com a exigência do dever de informação do Estado, ainda não a cumprem de maneira eficacial, não ensejando, assim, que haja o controle social.
Análise das decisões do Tribunal Constitucional no que toca à matéria dos Metadados
Authors: Conceição Ana Raquel
Published: September 2024

O presente trabalho assenta na análise das decisões do Tribunal Constitucional no que concerne à temática dos Metadados.
Analisamos, sumariamente, o conceito de Metadados e a sua relevância probatória.
Fazemos uma incursão sobre a argumentação constante dos Acórdãos do Tribunal Constitucional n.os 268/2022 e 800/2023, dando nota, tal como consta da referida jurisprudência, do Acórdão do TJUE denominado Digital Rights Ireland, que imprimiu um novo sentido de decisão e interpretação da nossa Lei n.º 32/2008, de 17/7, conservação de dados gerados ou tratados no contexto da oferta de serviços de comunicações eletrónicas, tendo por referência arts. 7.º e 8.º da CDFUE, bem como o juízo contido no Acórdão SpaceNet, onde se reafirma o juízo decisório.
Com a presente análise afere-se e reafirma-se que a descoberta da verdade material segue o caminho de respeito pelos direitos, liberdade e garantias. Mesmo que tal mensagem possa não ser bem interpretada, na atualidade, consideramos que essa é, e deverá sempre ser, a bússola do respeito pela dignidade da condição da pessoa humana.
Bridging the gaps: Comparing structural equation models to network analysis models of depression, anxiety, and perfectionism
Authors: Kim Andy J. , Mackinnon Sean P.
Published: September 2024

Network models of psychopathology can identify specific items/symptoms that explain the connections among broader constructs such as depression, anxiety, and perfectionism. In two studies, we examine the dynamic interplay between depression, anxiety, and perfectionism symptoms among undergraduates using structural equation modeling (SEM) and network analysis. Participants in two independent samples (N = 774 and N = 759) completed online, cross-sectional questionnaires including measures of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and perfectionism (i.e., concerns over mistakes, doubts about actions, and personal standards). When analyzing data in the traditional fashion using SEM as a point of comparison, results from both samples were consistent with the existing literature. After controlling for all other perfectionism variables in the model, concerns over mistakes and doubts about actions were positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms (βs from .21 to .46), while personal standards showed negative associations with depressive symptoms (β = -.20 both samples) and non-significant associations with anxiety symptoms (βs from -.09. to -.03). Nonetheless, model fit for the confirmatory factor model was below ideal cutoffs in the second sample, suggesting other structures (e.g., a network model) might better represent the data. Network analyses revealed associations between constructs at the item level across both samples. Four key symptoms emerged as central nodes linking depression, anxiety, and perfectionism: difficulty taking initiative to do activities, feeling worthless, feeling close to panic, and doubts about simple everyday activities. This study underscores the importance of investigating item-level associations for a nuanced interpretation of these constructs.
Intention to Seek Mental Health Services During the 2022 Shanghai COVID-19 City-Wide Lockdown: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Luo Lingzi , Li Gen , Tang Weiming , Wu Dan , Hall Brian
Published: September 2024

Background

The implementation of COVID-19 lockdown measures had immediate and delayed psychological effects. From March 27, 2022, to June 1, 2022, the Shanghai government enforced a city-wide lockdown that affected 25 million residents. During this period, mental health services were predominantly provided through digital platforms. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the general population’s intention to use mental health services during this time.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the intention of Shanghai residents to use mental health services during the 2022 Shanghai lockdown and identify factors associated with the intention to use mobile mental health services.

Methods

An online survey was distributed from April 29 to June 1, 2022, using a purposive sampling approach across 16 districts in Shanghai. Eligible participants were adults over 18 years of age who were physically present in Shanghai during the lockdown. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between demographic factors, lockdown-related stressors and experiences, physical and mental health status, and study outcomes–mobile mental health service use intention (mobile applications and WeChat Mini Programs [Tencent Holdings Limited]).

Results

The analytical sample comprised 3230 respondents, among whom 29.7% (weighted percentage; n=1030) screened positive for depression or anxiety based on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire or the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Less than one-fourth of the respondents (24.4%, n=914) expressed an intention to use any form of mental health services, with mobile mental health service being the most considered option (19.3%, n=728). Only 10.9% (n=440) used digital mental health services during the lockdown. Factors associated with increased odds of mobile mental health service use intention included being female, being employed, being a permanent resident, experiencing COVID-19–related stressors (such as loss of income, food insecurity, and potentially traumatic experiences), and having social and financial support. Individuals with moderate or severe anxiety, as well as those with comorbid anxiety and depression, demonstrated a higher intention to use mobile mental health services. However, individuals with depression alone did not exhibit a significantly higher intention compared with those without common mental disorders.

Conclusions

Despite a high prevalence of common mental disorders among Shanghai residents, less than one-fourth of the study respondents expressed an intention to use any form of mental health services during the lockdown. Mobile apps or WeChat Mini Programs were the most considered mental health service formats. The study provided insights for developing more person-centered mobile mental health services to meet the diverse needs of different populations.
Priorities and directions for future research on student mental health within UK Higher Education Institutions: A scoping review protocol (Preprint)
Authors: ScotSMART Nicola , Cogan Nicola
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Scholars, practitioners, policy-makers, and governments are increasingly concerned about the declining mental health of students in the United Kingdom (UK). Given the diverse educational, socio-political contexts, and health and social care systems across England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales, it is crucial to synthesize existing knowledge on this topic to guide future research, policy, and intervention efforts.

OBJECTIVE

This protocol outlines the methodology for conducting a scoping review aimed at mapping the existing research on student mental health in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) within the UK. The goal is to identify current gaps in knowledge and to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving student mental health support.

METHODS

A systematic search will be conducted across multiple academic databases. The review will include a two-step screening process for eligibility and data charting. Studies will be included based on the following criteria: (a) population aged 16 years and older, (b) explicit focus on 'mental health', (c) data collected within the UK, (d) primary research studies, (e) published post-2003, and (f) available in English. Data will be extracted and analyzed to identify key themes and gaps in the current research landscape.

RESULTS

This section will provide an overview of the review’s progress. Currently, the study is in the data collection phase. The results will detail the number of studies included, key findings related to student mental health in UK HEIs, and identified research gaps.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings from this scoping review will inform immediate actions to enhance student mental health services in UK HEIs and guide future research efforts. This review aims to strengthen the evidence base for stakeholders, including students, educators, policymakers, and mental health professionals, across the four nations of the UK.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Protocol: Mindfulness as an add-on intervention in treatment for problem gambling – a randomized control trial and a qualitative analysis in clinical settings in Sweden (Preprint)
Authors: Håkansson Anders , Bacquin Patrick
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Problem gambling is a common behavioral addiction with deteriorating effects on mental health, social relationships and financial situation of affected individuals. The condition can be treated, but treatment seeking is often low, and few specific therapeutic methods have been researched in clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE

This protocol paper presents a study aiming to test whether mindfulness, as an add-on to treatment as usual in clinical settings, can improve gambling behavior and mental health, compared to a waitlist group which receives the active intervention later.

METHODS

Patients already enrolled to some extent in a treatment setting will be randomized to receive either an eight-week, weekly group mindfulness intervention (intervention group) or to be placed on a waiting list for two months, after which they also undergo the intervention. Problem gambling, depressive and anxiety symptoms are assessed at baseline, after the intervention group’s end of treatment, and three and 12 months after end of treatment. Patient satisfaction with the intervention will be assessed post-treatment. The study is followed by a qualitative interview study assessing lived experience, effects and challenges in mindfulness treatment for problem gambling.

RESULTS

Results will be presented in two separate publications. One quantitative paper will address gambling behavior as the primary outcome and depressive and anxiety symptoms as secondary outcomes. One qualitative paper will describe results of a content analysis of a number of relevant features of the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

There is need for more effective interventions against problem gambling, and user acceptability is important to assess. This study will add to the treatment literature in problem gambling, and through the qualitative paper, it will deepen the understanding of favorable and challenging features of mindfulness for patients with problem gambling.

CLINICALTRIAL

The present study has been pre-registered at clinicaltrials.gov, clinicaltrials identifier NCT06561139.
Family caregiver perspectives on digital methods to measure of stress: a qualitative descriptive study (Preprint)
Authors: Rose Louise , Saha Sian , Flowers Emily , Ang Chi Siang , Casson Alex J , Condell Joan , Matcham Faith , Robinson Tony , Rooksby John
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Family caregivers provide essential care in the home to millions of individuals around the globe annually. However, family caregiving results in considerable burden, financial hardship, stress and psychological morbidity. Identifying and managing stress in caregivers is important as they have a dual role in manging their own health as well as that of the person they care for. If stress becomes overwhelming, a caregiver may no longer be able to perform this essential role. Digital methods of stress monitoring may be one strategy of identifying effective interventions to relieve caregiver burden and stress.

OBJECTIVE

To explore perceived acceptability, challenges, and opportunities of using digital and biosensing technologies to measure caregiver stress.

METHODS

We conducted a descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and framework analysis methods. We recruited adult family caregivers (18 years) currently or previously caring for an adult in the home with significant health issues. Interview questions focused on stress monitoring more generally and on ecological momentary assessment, remote monitoring technologies such as smartwatches, and fluid biosensors. Data were analysed using the framework approach.

RESULTS

We recruited 27 family caregivers of whom 70% were currently in a caregiving role, the remainder were previously in a caregiving role. We identified three themes with ten subthemes. Themes comprised ‘Providing meaningful data’ with subthemes of ‘Monitoring without action is pointless’; ‘Monitoring that enables self-management’ and ‘Seeing the bigger picture’; ‘Low burden monitoring’ with subthemes of ‘Low effort’, ‘Practical alongside daily routines’ and ‘Retaining control over monitoring’; and ‘Inadvertent harms of stress monitoring’ with subthemes of ‘Stigma of stress’, ‘Need for discretion’, ‘Contributing to stress’, and ‘Trust’.

CONCLUSIONS

In this descriptive qualitative study examining the perspectives of a diverse sample of family caregivers on methods of stress monitoring we identified three themes. These provide useful considerations for use of stress monitoring and implementation of interventions to ameliorate family caregiver stress of relevance to social care and community teams, researchers, and policy makers. These include providing meaningful situationally specific data resulting in action, that does not contribute to caregiver burden, or in inadvertent harm to either the caregiver or the care recipient.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Air Conditioning Design for Comfort Impact on the Human Body in Small Vehicles
Authors: Chen Jin-Ping , Chang Yan-Zuo , Yang Ruo-Yu , Lai Jian-Ting , Wu Pei-Xin
Published: September 2024

This paper uses the theory of Heat Exchangers to estimate the relationship between the outlet and the inlet and is written in conjunction with Fluent to simulate the impact of the air conditioning system on the environment in the car. The outside environment also affects the inside of the car, and this paper experiments to obtain outlet environment data and set it as the boundary conditions. The thermal comfort index in this paper will use experimental parameters to compute the results and analyze the results of the data to address people's requirements for the quality of the driving environment and provide a better driving environment.
Методика определения электрических и акустических свой­ств мерзлых грунтов в цикле оттаивания
Authors: Григорьев Д.В. , Кошурников А.В.
Published: September 2024

В статье представлена оригинальная оптическая методика исследования характеристик образцов мерзлых грунтов. Методика определения количественного состава влаги в мерзлых геологических породах основана на принципах измерения характеристических спектров нарушенного полного внутреннего отражения (НПВО) с использованием двухволнового модуляционного метода регистрации оптического сигнала, излучаемого полупроводниковыми гетероструктурами на основе InGaAsSb. Дальнейшая разработка методики позволит выявить корреляционные зависимости между параметрами отраженного излучения и характеристиками электрических и акустических свой­ств мерзлых грунтов в цикле оттаивания.