bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chamaejasmine Inactivates Akt To Trigger Apoptosis in Human HEp-2 Larynx Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Yan , Liu Ying , Tian Linli , Jin Dejun
Published: September 2011

In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of chamaejasmine action on human HEp-2 larynx carcinoma cells, which possess constitutively active Akt. Results indicated that chamaejasmine showed more notable anticancer activity than apigenin against HEp-2, PC-3, NCI-H1975, HT-29 and SKOV-3. Moreover, chamaejasmine presented most significantly inhibition towards HEp-2, with IC50 values of 1.92 µM. Treatment of HEp-2 cells with chamaejasmine (1–4 μM) resulted in signiﬁcant dose-dependent decrease in Akt phosphorylation at Serine473. Chamaejasmine-mediated dephosphorylation of Akt resulted in inhibition of its kinase activity, which was conﬁrmed by reduced phosphorylation of proapoptotic proteins BAD and glycogen synthase kinase-3, essential downstream targets of Akt. Inactivation of Akt seems to be associated with downregulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 protein level and inhibition of its autophosphorylation upon chamaejasmine treatment. Exposure to chamaejasmine signiﬁcantly induced caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity. In vivo, chamaejasmine intake through gavage resulted in inactivation of Akt and induction of apoptosis in HEp-2 tumors. These results suggest that Akt inactivation and dephosphorylation of BAD is a critical event, at least in part, in chamaejasmine-induced HEp-2 cells apoptosis.
Chamaejasmine Induces Apoptosis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells through a Ros-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway
Authors: Yu Hongyang , Zhang Tingting , Cai Li , Qu Yuanyuan , Hu Songliu , Dong Guanglu , Guan Rongwei , Xu Xiangying , Xing Lina
Published: September 2011

In the present study, the anticancer activity of chamaejasmine towards A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells was investigated. In order to explore the underlying mechanism of cell growth inhibition of chamaejasmine, cell cycle distribution, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) disruption, and expression of cytochrome c, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP were measured in A549 cells. Chamaejasmine inhibited the growth of A549 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 value was 7.72 µM after 72 h treatment. Chamaejasmine arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis via a ROS-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway. Western blot analysis showed that chamaejasmine inhibited Bcl-2 expression and induced Bax expression to desintegrate the outer mitochondrial membrane and causing cytochrome c release. Mitochondrial cytochrome c release was associated with the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 cascade, and active-caspase-3 was involved in PARP cleavage. All of these signal transduction pathways are involved in initiating apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the cytotoxic activity of chamaejasmine towards A549 in vitro.
Gold Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Environmentally Benign Deoxygenation of Epoxides to Alkenes
Authors: Noujima Akifumi , Mitsudome Takato , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: September 2011

We have developed a highly efficient and green catalytic deoxygenation of epoxides to alkenes using gold nanoparticles (NPs) supported on hydrotalcite [HT: Mg6Al2CO3(OH)16] (Au/HT) with alcohols, CO/H2O or H2 as the reducing reagent. Various epoxides were selectively converted to the corresponding alkenes. Among the novel metal NPs on HT, Au/HT was found to exhibit outstanding catalytic activity for the deoxygenation reaction. Moreover, Au/HT can be separated from the reaction mixture and reused with retention of its catalytic activity and selectivity. The high catalytic performance of Au/HT was attributed to the selective formation of Au-hydride species by the cooperative effect between Au NPs and HT.
SFE-CO2 Extract from Typhonium giganteum Engl. Tubers, Induces Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma SMMC-7721 Cells Involvement of a ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway
Authors: Li Qingyong , Jiang Chunfei , Zu Yuangang , Song Zhen , Zhang Baoyou , Meng Xiangdong , Qiu Wei , Zhang Li
Published: September 2011

Typhonium giganteum Engl. (BaiFuzi) is one of the herbs commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine against cancer. In our previous studies, 37 compounds were identified the SFE-CO2 (supercritical fluid extraction with CO2) extract by GC-MS, including the four major components [β-sitosterol (40.22%), campesterol (18.45%), n-hexadecanoic acid (9.52%) and (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (8.15%)]. The anti-cancer mechanisms of the SFE-CO2 extract from T. giganteum Engl. tubers have not been reported as yet. In this paper, the molecular mechanisms of the SFE-CO2 extract-mediated apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells were further examined. SFE-CO2 extract inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, arrested the cell cycle in the S phase and G2/M phase, and induced apoptosis. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, a rise in intracellular calcium levels were found in SMMC-7721 cells after treated with the extract. Western blot analysis showed that the extract caused down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulation of Bax expression. Moreover, caspase-3 and caspase-9 protease activity significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results showed that the SFE-CO2 extract from T. giganteum Engl. tubers induces apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells involving a ROS-mediated mitochondrial signalling pathway.
Mucoadhesive Gels Designed for the Controlled Release of Chlorhexidine in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Fini Adamo , Bergamante Valentina , Ceschel Gian Carlo
Published: September 2011

This study describes the in vitro/ex vivo buccal release of chlorhexidine (CHX) from nine mucoadhesive aqueous gels, as well as their physicochemical and mucoadhesive properties: CHX was present at a constant 1% w/v concentration in the chemical form of digluconate salt. The mucoadhesive/gel forming materials were carboxymethyl- (CMC), hydroxypropylmethyl- (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl- (HPC) cellulose, alone (3% w/w) or in binary mixtures (5% w/w); gels were tested for their mucoadhesion using the mucin method at 1, 2 and 3% w/w concentrations. CHX release from different formulations was assessed using a USP method and newly developed apparatus, combining release/permeation process in which porcine mucosa was placed in a Franz cell. The combination of HPMC or HPC with CMC showed slower drug release when compared to each of the individual polymers. All the systems proved suitable for CHX buccal delivery, being able to guarantee both prolonged release and reduced transmucosal permeation. Gels were compared for the release of previously studied tablets that contained Carbopol and HPMC, alone or in mixture. An accurate selection and combination of the materials allow the design of different pharmaceutical forms suitable for different purposes, by simply modifying the formulation compositions.
Mosques as American Institutions: Mosque Attendance, Religiosity and Integration into the Political System among American Muslims
Authors: Dana Karam , Barreto Matt A. , Oskooii Kassra A.R.
Published: September 2011

Religious institutions and places of worship have played a pivotal role in American Politics. What about the role of the mosque? Does the mosque, as an institution, in any sense play a different role than that of churches or synagogues in political participation? Some scholars have argued that Islam as a religion and a culture is incompatible with liberal, democratic American values; not only is Islam inconsistent with the West, but it poses a direct conflict. This viewpoint has likewise been popularized in American and European media and by some government officials who have labeled Muslims as enemies of freedom and democracy. Through the examination of the Muslim American Public Opinion Survey (MAPOS), which has a large sample size of American Muslim respondents (N = 1410), we argue that the mosque emerges as an important indicator for Muslim social and political integration into American society. We demonstrate that not only are those Muslims who attend the mosque regularly more likely to identify as American Muslims rather than by national origin, they are also more likely to believe mosques encourage Muslims to integrate into U.S. society. Our analysis further exemplifies that mosque attendance and involvement, beyond creating a common identity among American Muslims, leads to more political participation in the U.S. In contrast to prevailing wisdom, we also find that more religiously devout Muslims are significantly more likely to support political participation. Based on our findings, we conclude that there is nothing inconsistent with the mosque and American democracy, and in fact, religiosity fosters support for American democratic values.
Detection, Composition and Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds from Waste Treatment Plants
Authors: Font Xavier , Artola Adriana , Sánchez Antoni
Published: September 2011

Environmental policies at the European and global level support the diversion of wastes from landfills for their treatment in different facilities. Organic waste is mainly treated or valorized through composting, anaerobic digestion or a combination of both treatments. Thus, there are an increasing number of waste treatment plants using this type of biological treatment. During waste handling and biological decomposition steps a number of gaseous compounds are generated or removed from the organic matrix and emitted. Different families of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) can be found in these emissions. Many of these compounds are also sources of odor nuisance. In fact, odors are the main source of complaints and social impacts of any waste treatment plant. This work presents a summary of the main types of VOC emitted in organic waste treatment facilities and the methods used to detect and quantify these compounds, together with the treatment methods applied to gaseous emissions commonly used in composting and anaerobic digestion facilities.
Efficient Phase Unwrapping Architecture for Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Hwang Wen-Jyi , Cheng Shih-Chang , Cheng Chau-Jern
Published: September 2011

This paper presents a novel phase unwrapping architecture for accelerating the computational speed of digital holographic microscopy (DHM). A fast Fourier transform (FFT) based phase unwrapping algorithm providing a minimum squared error solution is adopted for hardware implementation because of its simplicity and robustness to noise. The proposed architecture is realized in a pipeline fashion to maximize through put of thecomputation. Moreover, the number of hardware multipliers and dividers are minimized to reduce the hardware costs. The proposed architecture is used as a custom user logic in a system on programmable chip (SOPC) for physical performance measurement. Experimental results reveal that the proposed architecture is effective for expediting the computational speed while consuming low hardware resources for designing an embedded DHM system.
Synthesis of Nanocrystalline SnOx (x = 1–2) Thin Film Using a Chemical Bath Deposition Method with Improved Deposition Time, Temperature and pH
Authors: Ebrahimiasl Saeideh , Yunus Wan Md. Zin Wan , Kassim Anuar , Zainal Zulkarnain
Published: September 2011

Nanocrystalline SnOx (x = 1–2) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by a simple chemical bath deposition method. Triethanolamine was used as complexing agent to decrease time and temperature of deposition and shift the pH of the solution to the noncorrosive region. The films were characterized for composition, surface morphology, structure and optical properties. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that SnOx thin films consist of a polycrystalline structure with an average grain size of 36 nm. Atomic force microscopy studies show a uniform grain distribution without pinholes. The elemental composition was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The average O/Sn atomic percentage ratio is 1.72. Band gap energy and optical transition were determined from optical absorbance data. The film was found to exhibit direct and indirect transitions in the visible spectrum with band gap values of about 3.9 and 3.7 eV, respectively. The optical transmittance in the visible region is 82%. The SnOx nanocrystals exhibit an ultraviolet emission band centered at 392 nm in the vicinity of the band edge, which is attributed to the well-known exciton transition in SnOx. Photosensitivity was detected in the positive region under illumination with white light.
Design of a Covert RFID Tag Network for Target Discovery and Target Information Routing
Authors: Pan Qihe , Narayanan Ram M.
Published: September 2011

Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are small electronic devices working in the radio frequency range. They use wireless radio communications to automatically identify objects or people without the need for line-of-sight or contact, and are widely used in inventory tracking, object location, environmental monitoring. This paper presents a design of a covert RFID tag network for target discovery and target information routing. In the design, a static or very slowly moving target in the field of RFID tags transmits a distinct pseudo-noise signal, and the RFID tags in the network collect the target information and route it to the command center. A map of each RFID tag’s location is saved at command center, which can determine where a RFID tag is located based on each RFID tag’s ID. We propose the target information collection method with target association and clustering, and we also propose the information routing algorithm within the RFID tag network. The design and operation of the proposed algorithms are illustrated through examples. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the design.
A Conductometric Indium Oxide Semiconducting Nanoparticle Enzymatic Biosensor Array
Authors: Lee Dongjin , Ondrake Janet , Cui Tianhong
Published: September 2011

We report a conductometric nanoparticle biosensor array to address the significant variation of electrical property in nanomaterial biosensors due to the random network nature of nanoparticle thin-film. Indium oxide and silica nanoparticles (SNP) are assembled selectively on the multi-site channel area of the resistors using layer-by-layer self-assembly. To demonstrate enzymatic biosensing capability, glucose oxidase is immobilized on the SNP layer for glucose detection. The packaged sensor chip onto a ceramic pin grid array is tested using syringe pump driven feed and multi-channel I–V measurement system. It is successfully demonstrated that glucose is detected in many different sensing sites within a chip, leading to concentration dependent currents. The sensitivity has been found to be dependent on the channel length of the resistor, 4–12 nA/mM for channel lengths of 5–20 µm, while the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant is 20 mM. By using sensor array, analytical data could be obtained with a single step of sample solution feeding. This work sheds light on the applicability of the developed nanoparticle microsensor array to multi-analyte sensors, novel bioassay platforms, and sensing components in a lab-on-a-chip.
Hall-Effect Based Semi-Fast AC On-Board Charging Equipment for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Milanés-Montero María Isabel , Gallardo-Lozano Javier , Romero-Cadaval Enrique , González-Romera Eva
Published: September 2011

The expected increase in the penetration of electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) will produce unbalanced conditions, reactive power consumption and current harmonics drawn by the battery charging equipment, causing a great impact on the power quality of the future smart grid. A single-phase semi-fast electric vehicle battery charger is proposed in this paper. This ac on-board charging equipment can operate in grid-to-vehicle (G2V) mode, and also in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode, transferring the battery energy to the grid when the vehicle is parked. The charger is controlled with a Perfect Harmonic Cancellation (PHC) strategy, contributing to improve the grid power quality, since the current demanded or injected has no harmonic content and a high power factor. Hall-effect current and voltage transducers have been used in the sensor stage to carry out this control strategy. Experimental results with a laboratory prototype are presented.
Treatment Intensification with Raltegravir in Subjects with Sustained HIV-1 Viraemia Suppression: A Randomized 48-Week Study
Authors: Llibre Josep M , Buzón Maria J , Massanella Marta , Esteve Anna , Dahl Viktor , Puertas Maria C , Domingo Pere , Gatell Josep M , Larrouse Maria , Gutierrez Mar , Palmer Sarah , Stevenson Mario , Blanco Julià , Martinez-Picado Javier , Clotet Bonaventura
Published: September 2011

Background

Residual viraemia is a major obstacle to HIV-1 eradication in subjects receiving HAART. The intensification with raltegravir could impact latent reservoirs and might lead to a reduction of plasma HIV-1 viraemia (viral load [VL]), complementary DNA intermediates and immune activation.

Methods

This was a prospective, open-label, randomized study comprising 69 individuals on suppressive HAART randomly assigned 2:1 to add raltegravir during 48 weeks.

Results

Total and integrated HIV-1 DNA, and ultrasensitive VL remained stable despite intensification. There was a significant increase in episomal HIV DNA at weeks 2–4 in the raltegravir group returning to baseline levels at week 48. Median CD4+ T-cell counts increased 124 and 80 cells/μl in the intensified and control groups after 48 weeks ( P=0.005 and P=0.027, respectively), without significant differences between groups. No major changes were observed in activation of CD4+ T-cells. Conversely, raltegravir intensification significantly reduced activation of CD8+ T-cells at week 48 (HLA-DR+CD38+, P=0.005), especially in the memory compartment (CD38+ of CD8+CD45RO+, P<0.0001). Linear mix models also depicted a larger decrease in CD8+ T-cell activation in the intensification group ( P=0.036 and P=0.010, respectively). Raltegravir intensification was not associated to any particular adverse event.

Conclusions

Intensification of HAART with raltegravir during 48 weeks was safe and associated with a significant decrease in CD8+ T-cell activation, and a transient increase of episomal HIV-1 DNA. However, raltegravir did not significantly contribute to changes in CD4+ T-cell counts, ultrasensitive VL, and total and integrated HIV-1 DNA. These findings suggest that raltegravir impacts residual HIV-1 replication and support new strategies to impair HIV-1 persistence. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00554398.
Les Bourses du travail : entre éducation politique et formation professionnelle
Authors: Hamelin David
Published: September 2011

Résumé Les Bourses du travail au tournant des XIX e et XX e siècles, malgré leur importance dans l’histoire sociale, restent mal connues, notamment en ce qui concerne leurs fonctions éducatives. Fondé sur l’analyse des congrès syndicaux, de la presse syndicale et des réalisations concrètes dans certaines Bourses du Centre-Ouest, cet article montre en quoi les pratiques au quotidien des militants des Bourses amènent progressivement l’ensemble de la CGT à modifier ses approches en matière d’éducation ouvrière. Si les conceptions idéologiques des principaux leaders de la CGT restent prégnantes, le pragmatisme, mais aussi les réelles difficultés éprouvées mettent à mal les discours d’autonomie ouvrière ou de défiance à l’égard des Universités populaires. L’émergence de la figure de l’enseignant au sein de la CGT dans les années 1910 achève cette mutation en familiarisant les ouvriers aux potentialités de l’école républicaine, qu’il est possible de transformer de l’intérieur et en imaginant un enseignement universitaire pour les ouvriers.
Du « perfectionnement » professionnel à la « performance » de l'action syndicale. Formations et expertise à la Confédération Française de l'Encadrement-Confédération Générale des Cadres (CFE-CGC)
Authors: Delmas Corinne
Published: September 2011

Résumé En 1959, la Confédération générale des cadres (CGC) crée une formation syndicale. Valorisant la « qualité » et l’expertise, cette formation a une double dimension, pratique et professionnelle. Mais elle ne vise pas en premier lieu à activer l’engagement militant. Le brouillage entre formation syndicale et formation professionnelle des cadres est constant dans cette organisation syndicale, où plusieurs registres différents se succèdent cependant : celui du cadre « responsable » et « humaniste », celui du cadre « expert » de l’entreprise, celui du manager.
La formation des responsables à la CFTC-CFDT : de la « promotion collective » à la sécurisation des parcours militants (1950-2010)
Authors: Guillaume Cécile
Published: September 2011

Résumé La CFDT a toujours eu un discours sur la dimension stratégique de la formation, tant du point de vue des enjeux de cohérence identitaire et organisationnelle que du renforcement de l’efficacité de l’action syndicale. Cet usage de la formation dans la perspective du renforcement d’une « culture d’organisation » ne s’est pas démenti et connaît périodiquement une actualité renouvelée avec l’arrivée régulière de nouvelles générations de militants. Parallèlement, dans un contexte d’élévation des niveaux de diplôme des responsables et de fort renouvellement générationnel, les contenus de formation se sont progressivement centrés sur un objectif de professionnalisation des pratiques, s’éloignant de la philosophie de l’éducation populaire et minorant la fonction d’élaboration politique collective. Aujourd’hui, la tentation est grande de mettre en œuvre une démarche de compétence, au service d’une « gestion des parcours militants » et d’une éventuelle validation des acquis de l’expérience syndicale qui consacre une vision apolitique, individuelle et institutionnalisée de l’engagement syndical susceptible d’être reconverti dans d’autres sphères professionnelles.
À l'école de la dissidence ?
Authors: Béroud Sophie
Published: September 2011

Résumé De la fin des années 1970 à 2003, une opposition interne s’est exprimée au sein de la CFDT, d’abord sous la forme d’un réseau peu structuré puis de façon officielle, avec la constitution en 1996 de l’association Tous ensemble et du journal du même nom. Rassemblant des secteurs critiques face à la ligne confédérale, cette opposition s’est avant tout positionnée sur un plan programmatique, menant une bataille d’idées pour dire l’héritage de la CFDT, son histoire et la légitimité des orientations choisies. Dans ce contexte, la formation syndicale a représenté un domaine important pour cette opposition interne, mais sans qu’elle le considère pour autant comme une priorité stratégique. De fait, tout en ayant conscience des usages politiques que la confédération pouvait faire de la refonte du système de formation, les principales structures oppositionnelles ont abordé ce domaine de façon assez différenciée, en s’y investissant avec des moyens hétérogènes et en bénéficiant d’une autonomie plus ou moins forte. Par-delà cette inégalité de ressources et de situations, se dégage cependant une conception commune de la formation et de ses apports : doter les militants d’une grille de lecture globale sur les enjeux socio-économiques et avoir une approche « politique » du syndicalisme.
Le moment Front populaire en Oranie : mobilisations et reconfigurations du milieu militant de gauche
Authors: Marynower Claire
Published: September 2011

Résumé Cet article traite des dynamiques politiques à l’œuvre au milieu des années trente dans les milieux militants de gauche de l’Oranie colonisée. Communistes, syndicalistes mais aussi socialistes et radicaux prirent part à une tentative de rapprochement avec les représentants des mouvements politiques « indigènes » algériens : Fédération des élus, Association des oulémas, Congrès musulman. Les interactions, bien que limitées, furent réelles et importantes. Les divisions entre le mouvement national algérien d’un côté et la gauche française de l’autre n’étaient pas fixées ni stables à cette époque. Un projet de réforme de la société coloniale fut pensé en commun et promu dans des structures communes, permettant des transferts réciproques.
Les lieux de sociabilité islahistes et leurs usages : la ville d'Alger (1931-1940)
Authors: Zekkour Afaf
Published: September 2011

Résumé La création de l’Association des Oulam? musulmans algériens (AUMA), le 5 mai 1931 à Alger, résulta d’une longue phase de tâtonnements. Cette association tire son origine d’une patiente confrontation d’idées entre divers lettrés algériens arabophones. L’AUMA utilisa les mosquées, les cercles et les associations de bienfaisance comme lieux de mobilisation, tandis que la rue jouait un rôle marginal. Ces lieux et leur implantation n’ont jamais été figés. Globalement, au cours des années 1930, s’opéra un triple glissement : géographique, de la Casbah vers Belcourt ; social, des grandes familles de notables vers de nouvelles couches ; politique, du réformisme concentré sur une dimension culturelle et religieuse vers le nationalisme réclamant l’indépendance.
Presse et journalistes « indigènes » en Algérie coloniale (années 1890-années 1950)
Authors: Zessin Philipp
Published: September 2011

Résumé Par leur niveau social et d’éducation et leur intervention dans un secteur massivement européen, les journalistes « indigènes » auraient pu être des représentants du mince « monde du contact » qui put exister dans la société coloniale d’Algérie. En réalité, le journalisme « indigène » était fortement politisé et il ne fut que tardivement et partiellement professionnalisé. Ses acteurs, qu’ils soient francophones ou non, étaient exposés à une discrimination professionnelle à base ethnique, ainsi qu’à la surveillance et la répression des autorités. Dans un contexte où l’expression des revendications des colonisés était limitée, la presse « indigène » joua cependant un rôle décisif. En assurant leur diffusion, elle contribua à forger une « opinion publique musulmane ».
« Pour moi, l'Algérie, c'est les Béni-Boudouane, le reste j'en sais rien »
Authors: Fabbiano Giulia
Published: September 2011

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse aux Béni-Boudouane, population qui fut le vivier du recrutement des harkis du bachaga Boualem pendant la guerre d’indépendance. À partir d’archives coloniales et d’une enquête ethnographique au Mas Thibert, en Provence, où ils se sont installés à l’indépendance, il s’agit d’interroger la nature, l’ampleur et la forme des contacts coloniaux dans une région d’où les Français étaient physiquement absents. La colonisation s’y manifesta essentiellement par la formalisation de l’existence des Béni-Boudouane en tant que tribu et par l’application restreinte des lois forestières les dépossédant. Les Béni-Boudouanais vécurent à l’écart de l’Algérie des Français, dont l’irruption fut tardive, au moment de la guerre. Jusque-là, les quelques auxiliaires locaux de l’administration française étaient l’incarnation de l’Algérie coloniale, perçue toutefois par la mémoire collective comme une réalité quotidienne et normalisée.
Quel développement pour une filière fondée sur le partage d'une ressource localisée ?
Authors: Levy Rachel , Bélis-Bergouignan Marie-Claude
Published: September 2011

Dans cet article, à travers l’étude du cas de la filière forêt-bois-papier aquitaine, nous soulignons la nécessité d’intégrer une plus forte prise en compte des ressources naturelles dans les analyses en termes de systèmes d’innovation. Prenant appui sur la principale spécificité de cette filière, à savoir sa forte dépendance à la ressource ligneuse, le présent article est focalisé sur la manière dont cette dépendance configure le système. Nous illustrons notre propos par l’analyse qualitative de trois projets d’éco-innovations représentatifs de la filière bois en région aquitaine, et menés sous l’égide du pôle de compétitivité Xylofutur.
Nouvelles centralités et valeurs immobilières : vers un découplage des centralités résidentielles et économiques ?
Authors: Gaschet Frédéric , Pouyanne Guillaume
Published: September 2011

Cet article vise à mesurer l’impact des centralités émergentes sur les valeurs immobilières résidentielles et commerciales dans l’agglomération bordelaise, à travers l’estimation de gradients de prix immobiliers polycentriques. Les différentes échelles du polycentrisme sont explorées à travers la prise en compte de deux types de centralités secondaires (par émergence et par intégration de villes satellites). Deux types de découplages de la centralité urbaine sont explorés. La centralité résidentielle se recompose par l’influence croissante d’une logique d’aménités au détriment de l’accessibilité. La centralité économique se distingue par ailleurs nettement de la centralité résidentielle.
L'adoption des politiques pour le développement agricole et rural dans les systèmes territoriaux italiens
Authors: Bartoli Luca , De Rosa Marcello
Published: September 2011

L’évolution récente de la politique agricole communautaire et l’affirmation de la politique de développement rural ont déplacé le centre de la stratégie de soutien du premier au deuxième pilier. L’agriculteur doit prendre des décisions stratégiques pour avoir accès à un éventail de possibilités qui lui permettent de développer son entreprise. Cependant, elle n’a pas toujours accès à ces possibilités. Ce travail vise à analyser l’adoption des politiques de développement agricole et rural en Italie. A ce propos, nous vérifierons particulièrement les différences d’accès à la politique dans les territoires avec différents degrés de ruralité, tout en émettant l’hypothèse qu’avec l’augmentation du degré de ruralité, il faudra augmenter le niveau d’utilisation de la politique rurale, liée au deuxième pilier de la Pac.
Charles Gounod et le prix de Rome
Authors: Condé Gérard
Published: September 2011

La relation de Charles Gounod (1818-1893) avec les grands prix de Rome commence avant sa naissance puisque son père, François Gounod, second grand prix en 1782 avait obtenu la faveur de séjourner à la Villa Médicis. Au fil de ses trois tentatives, couronnées par le premier grand prix en 1839, Charles Gounod affina son métier et se coula dans le moule académique. Mais c’est dans la Ville éternelle qu’il trouvera son style, s’émancipera et s’enflammera pour le catholicisme. Il y reviendra plusieurs fois pour se ressourcer et défendra toujours l’institution qui, en arrachant les jeunes artistes au mercantilisme, les élève : « Rome, dira-t-il, est un enseignement. »
Classe sociale, genre et formation musicale : préparer le prix de Rome au Conservatoire de Paris entre 1871 et 1900
Authors: Pasler Jann
Published: September 2011

La formation au Conservatoire était l’une des voies les plus importantes par lesquelles le style français fut défini et produit, et le prix de Rome, accordé chaque année, était essentiel dans une carrière de compositeur. Dans cet article j’analyse les contraintes de classe et de genre qui ont influé sur l’identité des candidats, la préparation que de jeunes compositeurs pouvaient attendre du Conservatoire, et le patrimoine auquel ils devaient contribuer – celui de leurs professeurs et celui de la nation. Les expériences de Claude Debussy, en particulier, ainsi que celles de la douzaine de femmes inscrites dans les classes de composition du Conservatoire montrent à quel point accéder à ces classes était difficile, même pour les plus talentueux, ainsi qu’elles rendent compte des stratégies qu’il fallait déployer pour réussir.
L'art français et une capitale en déclin ? Peindre et exposer à Rome entre 1803 et 1840
Authors: Omodeo Christian
Published: September 2011

L’article traite les relations entretenues par la colonie artistique française à Rome avec le monde des arts de la capitale pontificale entre 1803, date de la réouverture de la Villa Médicis, et le début des années 1840. Le recensement des expositions d’art français à Rome et l’étude de leurs comptes rendus dans la presse artistique locale révèlent un degré d’intégration des artistes français souvent sous-estimé par les historiens. Cette étude offre un horizon de lecture renouvelé pour appréhender les relations entre le milieu français et les cercles artistiques romains pendant le XIX e siècle.
L'édition des procès-verbaux de l'Académie des beaux-arts : une source pour l'étude du grand prix de Rome
Authors: Leniaud Jean-Michel
Published: September 2011

L’édition des procès-verbaux de l’Académie des beaux-arts actuellement en chantier à l’École nationale des chartes concerne pour l’instant la période 1811-1871. L’ampleur du travail d’ecdotique qu’elle impose conduit à s’interroger sur la rentabilité scientifique d’un tel effort. Pour les uns, l’Académie n’aborde rien d’intéressant au cours de ses séances ; pour d’autres, le plus substantiel en a déjà été exploité ; pour d’autres enfin, l’essentiel, le jugement des envois des pensionnaires romains, justifierait d’un traitement à part. Il est clair, néanmoins, que ces contestations ne tiennent pas : les procès-verbaux constituent une source considérable pour l’histoire de l’art du XIX e siècle. En particulier, pour l’histoire du grand prix de Rome. D’année en année, ils relatent avec minutie le déroulement d’une procédure complexe, donnent le nom de tous les compétiteurs, laissent entrevoir parfois les enjeux qui mobilisent les jurés, y compris les projets de carrière personnelle. Accompagnée de tables et d’index commodes et nombreux, l’édition des procès-verbaux offre un incontournable point de vue.
What Opportunities Are Available for Resident Involvement in National Orthopedic and Subspecialty Societies?
Authors: Dy Christopher J. , Cross Michael B. , Osbahr Daryl C. , Parks Michael L. , Green Daniel W.
Published: September 2011

As physician involvement in health policy grows, there will be an increasing need for future leaders in orthopedics. Interested orthopedic residents may be unaware of opportunities for leadership involvement in professional and subspecialty organizations. This article investigates whether national and subspecialty organizations offer membership to residents, allow residents to participate in committees, and provide opportunities for scholarly activity and mentorship. The authors surveyed 20 national orthopedic professional and subspecialty societies to evaluate the availability and cost of resident membership, meeting attendance and participation, research funding, committee membership, and mentorship opportunities.

Each society’s Web site was reviewed, and societies were contacted by phone if further inquiry was needed. Of the 20 orthopedic societies surveyed, 11 allowed resident membership. Five of 20 societies allowed residents to serve on committees, with a total of 14 total positions for residents. Four organizations provided formalized mentorship programs to residents. Although opportunities for resident involvement in subspecialty and professional societies are available in the majority of groups surveyed, the Orthopaedic Trauma Association and American Society for Surgery of the Hand provided the most comprehensive collection of opportunities. Residents should also pursue involvement in other organizations that may be more readily accessible, such as local, state, and regional orthopedic and medical societies. Increased resident participation in these organizations may help in increasing the 14 nationally available committee positions for orthopedic residents. Our orthopedic profession and societies should encourage motivated residents to pursue involvement and leadership at the national level.
New Method to Remove a Broken Guide Pin in the Hip Joint
Authors: Peivandi Mohammad Taghi , Kachooei Amir Reza , Nazemian Zohreh
Published: September 2011

Removing a broken guide wire is difficult and challenging. This article reports a method that was used to successfully remove a broken guide wire in 3 patients who underwent operative treatment for intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. Under general anesthesia, the first patient was placed on the orthopedic fracture table, and closed reduction of the hip fracture was performed under the image intensifier. A 2-mm non-threaded pin was used in the center of the femoral neck, and the amount of reaming required was determined. The reaming proceeded without any difficulty until the reamer failed to progress, which was attributed to the presence of a sclerotic or calcar region. Under fluoroscopy, on an anteroposterior view, the pin was parallel with the reamer; however, the authors failed to check the lateral image. After reaming through the hard tissue, the reamer suddenly passed through easily. On checking under the scope, it was noted that the pin was broken. The tip of the pin passed the acetabulum but did not enter the pelvis. Efforts to remove the broken pin failed. An attempt to reach the pin using a dynamic hip screw reamer also failed. Ultimately, the broken pin was removed using a 2-mm cannulated drill bit under fluoroscopy. After the experience with the first patient, in the other 2 cases, the authors used a cannulated drill bit to avoid any extensive reaming and trauma to the tissues. With this method, the authors were able to remove the broken pin easily in a few minutes.
A Novel Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Chronic Estrogen Deficiency Leads to Glial Cell Activation and Hypertrophy
Authors: Prat Annik , Behrendt Maik , Marcinkiewicz Edwige , Boridy Sebastien , Sairam Ram M. , Seidah Nabil G. , Maysinger Dusica
Published: September 2011

The role of estrogens in Alzheimer's disease (AD) involving β-amyloid (Aβ) generation and plaque formation was mostly tested in ovariectomized mice with or without APP mutations. The aim of the present study was to explore the abnormalities of neural cells in a novel mouse model of AD with chronic estrogen deficiency. These chimeric mice exhibit a total FSH-R knockout (FORKO) and carry two transgenes, one expressing the β-amyloid precursor protein (APPsw, Swedish mutation) and the other expressing presenilin-1 lacking exon 9 (PS1Δ9). The most prominent changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of these hypoestrogenic mice were marked hypertrophy of both cortical neurons and astrocytes and an increased number of activated microglia. There were no significant differences in the number of Aβ plaques although they appeared less compacted and larger than those in APPsw/PS1Δ9 control mice. Similar glia abnormalities were obtained in wild-type primary cortical neural cultures treated with letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor. The concordance of results from APPsw/PS1Δ9 mice with or without FSH-R deletion and those with letrozole treatment in vitro (with and without Aβ treatment) of primary cortical/hippocampal cultures suggests the usefulness of these models to explore molecular mechanisms involved in microglia and astrocyte activation in hypoestrogenic states in the central nervous system.
Preparation and Characterisation of LiFePO4/CNT Material for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Mohamed Rushanah , Ji Shan , Linkov Vladimir
Published: September 2011

Li-ion battery cathode materials were synthesised via a mechanical activation and thermal treatment process and systematically studied. LiFePO4/CNT composite cathode materials were successfully prepared from LiFePO4material. The synthesis technique involved growth of carbon nanotubes onto the LiFePO4using a novel spray pyrolysis-modified CVD technique. The technique yielded LiFePO4/CNT composite cathode material displaying good electrochemical activity. The composite cathode exhibited excellent electrochemical performances with 163 mAh/g discharge capacity with 94% cycle efficiency at a 0.1 C discharge rate in the first cycle, with a capacity fade of approximately 10% after 30 cycles. The results indicate that carbon nanotube addition can enable LiFePO4to display a higher discharge capacity at a fast rate with high efficiency. The research is of potential interest for the application of carbon nanotubes as a new conducting additive in cathode preparation and for the development of high-power Li-ion batteries for hybrid electric vehicles.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of sAPPα and sAPPβ in Lewy Body and Alzheimer′s Disease: Clinical and Neurochemical Correlates
Authors: Mulugeta Ezra , Londos Elisabet , Hansson Oskar , Ballard Clive , Skogseth Ragnhild , Minthon Lennart , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Aarsland Dag
Published: September 2011

We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the soluble isoforms of amyloid precursor protein (APP; sAPPα sAPPβ) and other CSF biomarkers in 107 patients with Alzheimer′s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy body dementia (DLB), Parkinson′s disease dementia (PDD), and normal controls (NC) using commercial kits. DLB and PDD were combined in a Lewy body dementia group (LBD). No differences were observed in sAPPα and sAPPβ levels between the groups. Significant correlations were observed between sAPPα and sAPPβ and between sAPPβ and Mini‐Mental State Examination scores in the total group analysis as well as when LBD and AD groups were analyzed separately. sAPPα and sAPPβ levels correlated with Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42, and Tau in the LBD group. In AD, sAPPα correlated with p‐Tau and sAPPβ with Aβ40. The differential association between sAPPα and sAPPβ with Aβ and Tau species between LBD and AD groups suggests a possible relationship with the underlying pathologies in LBD and AD.
Why Are Native Hawaiians Underrepresented in Hawai‘i's Older Adult Population? Exploring Social and Behavioral Factors of Longevity
Authors: Ka‘opua Lana Sue , Braun Kathryn L. , Browne Colette V. , Mokuau Noreen , Park Chai-Bin
Published: September 2011

Native Hawaiians comprise 24.3% of Hawai‘i's population, but only 12.6% of the state's older adults. Few published studies have compared health indicators across ethnicities for the state's older adult population or focused on disparities of Native Hawaiian elders. The current study examines data from two state surveillance programs, with attention to cause of death and social-behavioral factors relevant to elders. Findings reveal that Native Hawaiians have the largest years of productive life lost and the lowest life expectancy, when compared to the state's other major ethnic groups. Heart disease and cancer are leading causes of premature mortality. Native Hawaiian elders are more likely to report behavioral health risks such as smoking and obesity, live within/below 100–199% of the poverty level, and find cost a barrier to seeking care. Indicated is the need for affordable care across the lifespan and health services continuum. Future research might explain behavioral factors as influenced by social determinants, including historical trauma on Native Hawaiian longevity.
Is There a Reversal in the Effect of Obesity on Mortality in Old Age?
Authors: Cohen-Mansfield Jiska , Perach Rotem
Published: September 2011

Studies of obesity and its relationship with mortality risk in older persons have yielded conflicting results. We aimed to examine the age-related associations between obesity and mortality in older persons. Data were drawn from the Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Aging Study (CALAS), a national survey of a random sample of older Jewish persons in Israel conducted during 1989–1992. Analyses included 1369 self-respondent participants aged 75–94 from the Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Aging Study (CALAS). Mortality data at 20-year followup were recorded from the Israeli National Population Registry. Obesity was significantly predictive of higher mortality for persons aged 75–84, but from age 85 onwards, obesity had a protective effect on mortality albeit at a nonsignificant level. Being underweight was consistently predictive of mortality. Findings suggest that the common emphasis on avoiding obesity may not apply to those advancing towards old-old age, at least as far as mortality is concerned.
Testicular Atrophy Secondary to a Large Long Standing Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Salemis Nikolaos S , Nisotakis Konstantinos
Published: September 2011

Testicular atrophy is a rare but distressing complication of inguinal hernia repair. Apart from the postsurgical etiology, ischemic orchitis and subsequent testicular atrophy may occur secondary to compression of the testicular vessels by chronically incarcerated hernias. We present a rare case of testicular atrophy secondary to a large long standing incarcerated inguinal hernia of 2-decade duration in a 79-year-old man. Testicular atrophy should be always considered in long standing incarcerated inguinal hernias and patients should be adequately informed of this possibility during the preoperative work-up. Preoperative scrotal ultrasonography can be used to determine testicular status in this specific group of patients.
Pythagoras goes Open Access at www.pythagoras.org.za
Authors: Olivier Alwyn
Published: September 2011

No abstract available.
Asymptomatic Pulmonary Hypertension in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kamel Shereen R. , Omar Gihan M. , Darwish Ayman F. , Asklany Hany T. , Ellabban Abdou S.
Published: September 2011

Introduction

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious and often fatal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Because the diagnosis of PAH often is made years after symptom onset, early diagnostic strategies are essential. Doppler echocardiography currently is considered the noninvasive screening test of choice for evaluating pulmonary hypertension.

Aim

Screening for asymptomatic pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus patients using Doppler echocardiography, and correlating it with inflammatory parameters of the disease.

Patients and Methods

Doppler echocardiography was performed in 74 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus over one year (66 adult and 8 juvenile), adult SLE included 57 patients with adult-onset and 9 patients with childhood-onset. Pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed if the peak systolic pressure gradient at the tricuspid valve was more than 30 mmHg. All patients were subjected to full history taking, rheumatological examination, laboratory studies and chest x-ray.

Results

In seventy four SLE patients, the pulmonary hypertension was detected in 8 patients (10.8%), 7 adult-onset SLE patients (aged from 19 to 30 years) and 1 juvenile SLE (aged 12 years). The range of pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 34–61.2 mmHg (43.19 ± 9.28). No significant differences between patients with and those without pulmonary hypertension as regard clinical features. Significantly higher frequencies of rheumatoid factor and anti-cardiolipin antibodies were found in patients with pulmonary hypertension versus those without ( P = 0.02, P = 0.008 respectively). Positive rheumatoid factor and ACL were significantly associated with occurrence of PAH in SLE ( P = 0.007, P = 0.006 respectively). No significant correlations were found between pulmonary artery pressure, disease duration, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), ESR, and anti-ds DNA.

Conclusion

Patients with SLE have an increased risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Echocardiography should be used as a screening tool in patients at high risk for development of pulmonary hypertension. Positive anti-cardiolipin antibodies and rheumatoid factor were significant predictors of pulmonary hypertension in our study.
Piecewise principal comodule algebras
Authors: Hajac Piotr M. , Krähmer Ulrich , Matthes Rainer , Zieliński Bartosz
Published: September 2011

A comodule algebra

P

over a Hopf algebra

H

with bijective antipode is called principal if the coaction of

H

is Galois and

P

is

H

-equivariantly projective (faithfully flat) over the coaction-invariant subalgebra

P^{\mathrm{co}H}

. We prove that principality is a piecewise property: given

N

comodule-algebra surjections

P \rightarrow P_i

whose kernels intersect to zero,

P

is principal if and only if all

P_i

's are principal. Furthermore, assuming the principality of

P

, we show that the lattice these kernels generate is distributive if and only if so is the lattice obtained by intersection with

P^{\mathrm{co}H}

. Finally, assuming the above distributivity property, we obtain a flabby sheaf of principal comodule algebras over a certain space that is universal for all such

N

-families of surjections

P \rightarrow P_i

and such that the comodule algebra of global sections is

P

.