bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidation behaviour of SiC coated C/C–ZrC–ZrB2–SiC composites in wind tunnel at 1600°C
Authors: Zhang J. P. , Fu Q. G. , Zhuang L. , Chen X. , Li H. J. , Nan X. Y. , Sun C. , Xie J.
Published: October 2014

SiC coating was prepared on the surface of C/C–ZrC–ZrB2–SiC composites by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The microstructures and phase compositions were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction respectively. The CVD SiC coating exhibited a dense structure with a thickness of 30–40 μm. Oxidation behaviour of the coated sample was studied in a wind tunnel at 1600°C. Thermogravimetric analysis of C/C–ZrC–ZrB2–SiC was measured. The results show that the coated sample fractured after being exposed in the wind tunnel for 21 h. The failure of the SiC coating is attributed to excessive local stress caused by the change of thermal expansion coefficient, resulting in the generation of cracks and holes. Once the failure of SiC coating appears, the fracture would not happen quickly due to the addition of ceramics (ZrC, ZrB2, SiC), which could promote the oxidation resistance performance and increase the stability of C/C composites in complicated service condition.
Cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum–infected erythrocytes to chondroitin-4-sulfate is cooperative and shear enhanced
Authors: Rieger Harden , Yoshikawa Hiroshi Y. , Quadt Katharina , Nielsen Morten A. , Sanchez Cecilia P. , Salanti Ali , Tanaka Motomu , Lanzer Michael
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Cytoadhesion of parasitized erythrocytes depends on the intermolecular distance between neighboring chondroitin-4-sulfate molecules. VAR2CSA is an allosteric adhesin that binds chondroitin-4-sulfate in a cooperative and shear stress–induced manner.
Hybrid morphology dependence of CdTe:CdSe bulk-heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Tan Furui , Qu Shengchun , Zhang Weifeng , Wang Zhanguo
Published: October 2014

A nanocrystal thin-film solar cell operating on an exciton splitting pattern requires a highly efficient separation of electron-hole pairs and transportation of separated charges. A hybrid bulk-heterojunction (HBH) nanostructure providing a large contact area and interpenetrated charge channels is favorable to an inorganic nanocrystal solar cell with high performance. For this freshly appeared structure, here in this work, we have firstly explored the influence of hybrid morphology on the photovoltaic performance of CdTe:CdSe bulk-heterojunction solar cells with variation in CdSe nanoparticle morphology. Quantum dot (QD) or nanotetrapod (NT)-shaped CdSe nanocrystals have been employed together with CdTe NTs to construct different hybrid structures. The solar cells with the two different hybrid active layers show obvious difference in photovoltaic performance. The hybrid structure with densely packed and continuously interpenetrated two phases generates superior morphological and electrical properties for more efficient inorganic bulk-heterojunction solar cells, which could be readily realized in the NTs:QDs hybrid. This proved strategy is applicable and promising in designing other highly efficient inorganic hybrid solar cells.
Selection of high temperature and salinity tolerant Trichoderma isolates with antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: Poosapati Sowmya , Ravulapalli Prasad Durga , Tippirishetty Navaneetha , Vishwanathaswamy Dinesh Kumar , Chunduri Sarada
Published: October 2014

Trichoderma isolates were collected from varied agro-climatic zones of India and screened for high temperature and salinity tolerance. Among all the isolates tested, T. asperellum, TaDOR673 was highly tolerant to heat shock of 52°C with a mean spore count (log c.f.u/ml) of 4.33. The isolate after recovery from heat shock possessed higher germination rate and biomass production compared to its wild counterpart, upon prolonged exposure to 37°C. Under stress, TaDOR673 accumulated >15% of trehalose and >5% of mannose and raffinose compared to the wild type strain signifying their role in stress tolerance. T. asperellum, TaDOR693 and T. asperellum, TaDORS3 were identified as superior salt-tolerant isolates. Interestingly, TaDOR673 also possessed similar tolerance levels to increasing saline concentrations as indicated by its improved colony growth under stress conditions. T. asperellum, TaDOR673 and T. asperellum, TaDOR7316 effectively controlled the collar rot disease in groundnut by 79.7% when screened in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the study identified a potential thermotolerant and saline tolerant strain of Trichoderma, TaDOR673 that could be used as potential bioagent in stressed soils.
β1 and β4 integrins: from breast development to clinical practice
Authors: Nisticò Paola , Di Modugno Francesca , Spada Sheila , Bissell Mina J
Published: October 2014

Following a highly dynamic and complex dialogue between the epithelium and the surrounding microenvironment, the mammary gland develops into a branching structure during puberty, buds during pregnancy, forms intricate polar acini during lactation and, once the babies are weaned, remodels and involutes. At every stage of menstrual and pregnancy cycles, interactions between the cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) and homotypic and heterotypic cell–cell interactions give rise to the architecture and function of the gland at that junction. These orchestrated programs would not be possible without the important role of the ECM receptors, integrins being the prime examples. The ECM–integrin axis regulates many crucial cellular functions including survival, migration and quiescence; the imbalance in any of these processes could contribute to oncogenesis. In this review we spotlight the involvement of two prominent integrin subunits, β1 and β4 integrins, in cross-talk with tyrosine kinase receptors, and we discuss the roles of these integrin subunits in the biology of normal breast differentiation and as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
Regulatory T cells and control of the germinal centre response
Authors: Vanderleyden Ine , Linterman Michelle A , Smith Kenneth GC
Published: October 2014

Germinal centres (GCs) are specialised lymphoid microenvironments that form in secondary B-cell follicles upon exposure to T-dependent antigens. In the GC, clonal expansion, selection and differentiation of GC B cells result in the production of high-affinity plasma cells and memory B cells that provide protection against subsequent infection. The GC is carefully regulated to fulfil its critical role in defence against infection and to ensure that immunological tolerance is not broken in the process. The GC response can be controlled by a number of mechanisms, one of which is by forkhead box p3 expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells, a suppressive population of CD4+ T cells. A specialised subset of Treg cells - follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells - form after immunisation and are able to access the GC, where they control the size and output of the response. Our knowledge of Treg cell control of the GC is expanding. In this review we will discuss recent advances in the field, with a particular emphasis on the differentiation and function of Tfr cells in the GC.
Developing evidence-based dentistry skills: how to interpret randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews
Authors: Kiriakou Juliana , Pandis Nikolaos , Madianos Phoebus , Polychronopoulou Argy
Published: October 2014

Decision-making based on reliable evidence is more likely to lead to effective and efficient treatments. Evidence-based dentistry was developed, similarly to evidence-based medicine, to help clinicians apply current and valid research findings into their own clinical practice. Interpreting and appraising the literature is fundamental and involves the development of evidence-based dentistry (EBD) skills. Systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered to be evidence of the highest level in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Furthermore, the assessment of the report of a RCT, as well as a SR, can lead to an estimation of how the study was designed and conducted.
Elk-3 is a KLF4-regulated gene that modulates the phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages
Authors: Tsoyi Konstantin , Geldart Adriana M , Christou Helen , Liu Xiaoli , Chung Su Wol , Perrella Mark A
Published: October 2014

ETS family proteins play a role in immune responses. A unique member of this family, Elk-3, is a transcriptional repressor that regulates the expression of HO-1. Elk-3 is very sensitive to the effects of inflammatory mediators and is down-regulated by bacterial endotoxin (LPS). In the present study, exposure of mouse macrophages to Escherichia coli LPS resulted in decreased, full-length, and splice-variant isoforms of Elk-3. We isolated the Elk-3 promoter and demonstrated that LPS also decreased promoter activity. The Elk-3 promoter contains GC-rich regions that are putative binding sites for zinc-finger transcription factors, such as Sp1 and KLFs. Mutation of the GC-rich region from bp –613 to –603 blunted LPS-induced down-regulation of the Elk-3 promoter. Similar to the LPS response, coexpression of KLF4 led to repression of Elk-3 promoter activity, whereas coexpression of Sp1 increased activity. ChIP assays revealed that KLF4 binding to the Elk-3 promoter was increased by LPS exposure, and Sp1 binding was decreased. Thus, down-regulation of Elk-3 by bacterial LPS is regulated, in part, by the transcriptional repressor KLF4. Overexpression of Elk-3, in the presence of E. coli bacteria, resulted in decreased macrophage phagocytosis. To determine whether limited expression of HO-1 may contribute to this response, we exposed HO-1-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages to E. coli and found a comparable reduction in bacterial phagocytosis. These data suggest that down-regulation of Elk-3 and the subsequent induction of HO-1 are important for macrophage function during the inflammatory response to infection.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Vemurafenib in Patients with BRAFV600E -Positive Papillary Thyroid Cancer: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Off Label Experience
Authors: Dadu Ramona , Shah Komal , Busaidy Naifa L. , Waguespack Steven G. , Habra Mouhammad A. , Ying Anita K. , Hu Mimi I. , Bassett Roland , Jimenez Camilo , Sherman Steven I. , Cabanillas Maria E.
Published: October 2014

Context:

Vemurafenib, a selective BRAF inhibitor, appears to have promising clinical activity in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) harboring the BRAFV600E mutation.

Objective:

To determine the efficacy and safety of vemurafenib when used outside of a clinical trial.

Design:

A retrospective review at MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Methods:

The best responses were evaluated using RECIST v1.1. A single radiologist reviewed all images. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated using CTCAE v.4.0.

Results:

We identified 17 patients with advanced PTC harboring the BRAFV600E mutation who were treated with vemurafenib outside of a clinical trial. Median age at diagnosis was 63 years, and 53% were male. At vemurafenib start, 3 (18%) patients had disease confined to the neck, and 14 (72%) had distant metastases. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors had been previously administered to 4 (24%) patients. Two (12%) patients discontinued vemurafenib because of AEs before restaging. Best response: partial response (PR) in 7/15 (47%) and stable disease (SD) in 8/15(53%) patients. The rate of durable response (PR plus SD ≥ 6 months) was 67%. Median time to treatment failure was 13 months. There was no association between change in thyroglobulin and tumor size. Drug discontinuation, drug interruptions, and dose reductions were needed in 5 (29%), 13 (76%), and 10 (59%) patients, respectively. Most common AEs were fatigue (71%), weight loss (71%), anorexia (65%), arthralgias (59%), hair loss (59%), rash (59%), hand-foot syndrome (53%), calluses (47%), diarrhea (47%), fever (41%), dry mouth (35%), nausea (35%), and verrucous keratosis (35%). Grade ≥ 3 AEs were present in 8 (47%) patients.

Conclusions:

Vemurafenib is a potentially effective and well-tolerated treatment strategy in patients with advanced PTC harboring the BRAFV600E mutation. Our results are similar to those reported in a phase II clinical trial and support the potential role of vemurafenib in this patient population.
Fluctuations in oxygen influence facultative endothermy in bumblebees
Authors: Dzialowski Edward M. , Tattersall Glenn J. , Nicol Stewart C. , Frappell Peter B.
Published: October 2014

Bumblebees are facultative endotherms, having the ability to elevate thorax temperature above ambient temperature by elevating metabolism. Here, we investigated the influence of hypoxia on metabolic demands and thermoregulatory capabilities of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. We measured thorax temperature, rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, and abdominal pumping rates of bees randomly exposed to oxygen levels of 20, 15, 10 and 5 kPa at 26°C. Under normoxia, bumblebees maintained an elevated mean thorax temperature of 35.5°C. There was no significant change in thorax temperature at 15 kPa O2 (33.4°C). Mean thorax temperature decreased significantly at 10 kPa O2 (31.6°C) and 5 kPa O2 (27.3°C). Bees were able to maintain an elevated metabolic rate at 15 and 10 kPa O2. In normoxia, endothermic bees exhibited periods of rapid abdominal pumping (327 min−1) interspaced by periods of no abdominal pumping. At 10 kPa O2, abdominal pumping rate decreased (255 min−1) but became more continuous. Upon exposure to 5 kPa, metabolic rate and abdominal pumping rate (152 min−1) decreased, although the animals continued abdominal pumping at the reduced rate throughout the exposure period. Bumblebees are able to meet the energetic demands of endothermy at 15 kPa O2, but become compromised at levels of 10 kPa O2 and below.
Structural insights into translational recoding by frameshift suppressor tRNASufJ
Authors: Fagan Crystal E. , Maehigashi Tatsuya , Dunkle Jack A. , Miles Stacey J. , Dunham Christine M.
Published: October 2014

The three-nucleotide mRNA reading frame is tightly regulated during translation to ensure accurate protein expression. Translation errors that lead to aberrant protein production can result from the uncoupled movement of the tRNA in either the 5′ or 3′ direction on mRNA. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of +1 frameshift suppressor tRNASufJ, a tRNA known to decode four, instead of three, nucleotides. Frameshift suppressor tRNASufJ contains an insertion 5′ to its anticodon, expanding the anticodon loop from seven to eight nucleotides. Our results indicate that the expansion of the anticodon loop of either ASLSufJ or tRNASufJ does not affect its affinity for the A site of the ribosome. Structural analyses of both ASLSufJ and ASLThr bound to the Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome demonstrate both ASLs decode in the zero frame. Although the anticodon loop residues 34–37 are superimposable with canonical seven-nucleotide ASLs, the single C31.5 insertion between nucleotides 31 and 32 in ASLSufJ imposes a conformational change of the anticodon stem, that repositions and tilts the ASL toward the back of the A site. Further modeling analyses reveal that this tilting would cause a distortion in full-length A-site tRNASufJ during tRNA selection and possibly impede gripping of the anticodon stem by 16S rRNA nucleotides in the P site. Together, these data implicate tRNA distortion as a major driver of noncanonical translation events such as frameshifting.
Mental Health for People With Intellectual Disability: The Impact of Stress and Social Support
Authors: Scott Haleigh M. , Havercamp Susan M.
Published: October 2014

A large, nationally representative sample from a preexisting dataset, the National Core Indicators, was used to examine the impact of stress and social support on the mental health of adults with intellectual disability (ID). Stress was significantly correlated with both mental illness and severity of behavior problems, with each additional stressor increasing the odds of poor mental health by 20%. This relationship held, even after controlling for level of ID, gender, and place of residence. Lack of social support was associated with having a mental illness; individuals who lacked social support were twice as likely to have a mental illness. The importance of considering these factors in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health in this population is discussed.
Who’s Who at the Border? A rights-based approach to identifying human trafficking at international borders
Authors: McAdam Marika
Published: October 2014

International borders are widely touted as bastions in the fight against trafficking in persons. This article acknowledges the important role border officials play in preventing human trafficking, but calls for expectations to be tempered by deference to the conceptual complexity of cross-border trafficking and the migration processes involved. The fact that many trafficked victims begin their journeys as irregular or smuggled migrants highlights the challenge posed to border officials in identifying trafficked persons among the people they encounter. Indicators of trafficking generally relate to the exploitation phase, leaving border officials with little guidance as to how persons vulnerable to trafficking can be accurately identified before any exploitation has occurred. Ultimately, this paper advocates a pragmatic rights-based approach in designating anti-trafficking functions to border officials. A rights-based approach to border control acknowledges the core work of border officials as being to uphold border integrity, while ensuring that their performance of this role does not jeopardise the rights of those they intercept nor result in missed opportunities for specialists to identify trafficked persons and other vulnerable people among them.
Shaping the Victim: Borders, security, and human trafficking in Albania
Authors: Campbell James
Published: October 2014

Borders are productive sites where knowledge is gathered and migrant populations are formed. The knowledge gathered from victims of trafficking reinforces a victim narrative that represents a perceived threat to society by highlighting violence, criminality, coercion, and naivety. Using Albania as a case in point, the article looks at trafficked people and the narratives of victimhood that surround them. In the case of trafficked people, the border projected out towards other states produces a discursively defined victim of trafficking. When projected back within the national territory, the border essentially produces a criminalised sex worker. To argue this point, the article discusses the role victims of trafficking play in the EU and looks at how international norms espoused by the OSCE and IOM have prepped the Albanian border for EU ascension and created the means for governable populations within Albania.
Human congenital T-cell receptor disorders
Authors: Marin Ana V.M. , Garcillán Beatriz , Jiménez-Reinoso Anaïs , Muñoz-Ruiz Miguel , Briones Alejandro C. , Fernández-Malavé Edgar , Recio Maria J. , Regueiro José R.
Published: October 2014

Immunodeficiencies of most T-cell receptor (TCR) components (TCRID) have been reported in almost 40 patients worldwide who have also, at times, shown signs of autoimmunity. We updated their clinical, immunological, and molecular features with an emphasis on practical diagnosis, as the range of the disorder grows in complexity with new partial defects. Cellular and animal models are also reviewed and in some cases reveal their limitations for predicting TCRID immunopathology.
Improved land cover mapping using aerial photographs and satellite images
Authors: Varga Katalin , Szabó Szilárd , Szabó Gergely , Dévai György , Tóthmérész Béla
Published: October 2014

Manual Land Cover Mapping using aerial photographs provides sufficient level of resolution for detailed vegetation or land cover maps. However, in some cases it is not possible to achieve the desired information over large areas, for example from historical data where the quality and amount of available images is definitely lower than from modern data. The use of automated and semiautomated methods offers the means to identify the vegetation cover using remotely sensed data. In this paper automated methods were tested on aerial photographs and satellite images to extract better and more reliable information about vegetation cover. These testswere performed by using automated analysis of LANDSAT7 images (with and without the surface model of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)) and two temporally similar aerial photographs. The spectral bands were analyzed with supervised (maximum likelihood) methods. In conclusion, the SRTM and the combination of two temporally similar aerial photographs from earlier years were useful in separating the vegetation cover on a floodplain area. In addition the different date of the vegetation season also gave reliable information about the land cover. High quality information about old and present vegetation on a large area is an essential prerequisites ensuring the conservation of ecosystems
Characterization of the Mutagenic Spectrum of 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide (4-NQO) inAspergillus nidulansby Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Downes Damien J , Chonofsky Mark , Tan Kaeling , Pfannenstiel Brandon T , Reck-Peterson Samara L , Todd Richard B
Published: October 2014

4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) is a highly carcinogenic chemical that induces mutations in bacteria, fungi, and animals through the formation of bulky purine adducts. 4-NQO has been used as a mutagen for genetic screens and in both the study of DNA damage and DNA repair. In the model eukaryote Aspergillus nidulans, 4-NQO−based genetic screens have been used to study diverse processes, including gene regulation, mitosis, metabolism, organelle transport, and septation. Early work during the 1970s using bacterial and yeast mutation tester strains concluded that 4-NQO was a guanine-specific mutagen. However, these strains were limited in their ability to determine full mutagenic potential, as they could not identify mutations at multiple sites, unlinked suppressor mutations, or G:C to C:G transversions. We have now used a whole genome resequencing approach with mutant strains generated from two independent genetic screens to determine the full mutagenic spectrum of 4-NQO in A. nidulans. Analysis of 3994 mutations from 38 mutant strains reveals that 4-NQO induces substitutions in both guanine and adenine residues, although with a 19-fold preference for guanine. We found no association between mutation load and mutagen dose and observed no sequence bias in the residues flanking the mutated purine base. The mutations were distributed randomly throughout most of the genome. Our data provide new evidence that 4-NQO can potentially target all base pairs. Furthermore, we predict that current practices for 4-NQO−induced mutagenesis are sufficient to reach gene saturation for genetic screens with feasible identification of causative mutations via whole genome resequencing.
Prevalence, Evolution, andcis-Regulation of Diel Transcription inChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Panchy Nicholas , Wu Guangxi , Newton Linsey , Tsai Chia-Hong , Chen Jin , Benning Christoph , Farré Eva M , Shiu Shin-Han
Published: October 2014

Endogenous (circadian) and exogenous (e.g., diel) biological rhythms are a prominent feature of many living systems. In green algal species, knowledge of the extent of diel rhythmicity of genome-wide gene expression, its evolution, and its cis-regulatory mechanism is limited. In this study, we identified cyclically expressed genes under diel conditions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and found that ~50% of the 17,114 annotated genes exhibited cyclic expression. These cyclic expression patterns indicate a clear succession of biological processes during the course of a day. Among 237 functional categories enriched in cyclically expressed genes, >90% were phase-specific, including photosynthesis, cell division, and motility-related processes. By contrasting cyclic expression between C. reinhardtii and Arabidopsis thaliana putative orthologs, we found significant but weak conservation in cyclic gene expression patterns. On the other hand, within C. reinhardtii cyclic expression was preferentially maintained between duplicates, and the evolution of phase between paralogs is limited to relatively minor time shifts. Finally, to better understand the cis regulatory basis of diel expression, putative cis-regulatory elements were identified that could predict the expression phase of a subset of the cyclic transcriptome. Our findings demonstrate both the prevalence of cycling genes as well as the complex regulatory circuitry required to control cyclic expression in a green algal model, highlighting the need to consider diel expression in studying algal molecular networks and in future biotechnological applications.
Autonomia e justiça no debate sobre aborto: implicações teóricas e políticas
Authors: Biroli Flávia
Published: October 2014

O artigo parte do entendimento de que existe um vínculo incontornável entre o direito ao aborto e o exercício da autonomia pelas mulheres para discutir elaborações distintas da relação entre autonomia e aborto no debate teórico e nos embates políticos. Apresenta, primeiramente, as linhas de força na argumentação liberal que dá sustentação ao direito ao aborto. Em seguida, expõe deslocamentos produzidos por abordagens feministas que ampliam ou tensionam os enquadramentos liberais. São exploradas, em especial, abordagens que criticam a compreensão restrita das escolhas, destacando o contexto em que se dão e suas implicações, e abordagens que fazem a crítica da noção liberal abstrata de indivíduo situadas no debate sobre "ética do cuidado". Por fim, equaciono brevemente o problema do sentido da vida ao da autonomia das mulheres. Argumento que as teorias feministas que extrapolam o liberalismo trazem contribuições ímpares ao debate sobre autonomia porque têm como ponto de partida as relações de gênero, dando centralidade às experiências das mulheres.
Potência atada na máxima fase estável de lactato e índices do desempenho aeróbio de nado
Authors: Pessôa Filho Dalton Müller , Greco Camila Coelho , Denadai Benedito Sérgio
Published: October 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: A perspectiva do nado atado constituir um contexto válido para a avaliação aeróbia de nadadores foi investigada no presente estudo.OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre a potência em máxima fase estável de lactato no nado atado (PAtadaMFEL) com seu respectivo índice em nado desimpedido (velocidade em MFEL, vMFEL) e com outros índices da aptidão aeróbia e desempenho de nado crawl.MÉTODOS: Dez nadadores (16,6 ± 1,4 anos) foram submetidos às estimativas de: (a) PAtadoCrítica (transformação da assíntota do modelo carga-tempo limite hiperbólico, CargaCríticaAtada), (b) PAtadaMFEL e vMFEL (3 ou 4 esforços de 30 minutos entre 95 a 105% da Carga CríticaAtada e entre 85 a 95% da velocidade máxima nos 400 m, respectivamente), (c) teste progressivo (79-100% da v400m, com incrementos de 3%) para a determinação da velocidade no ponto de inflexão (vPI), e (d) testes de desempenho nas distâncias de 400 (v400m), 800 (v800m) e 1500 (v1500m) metros. Os coeficientes de Pearson e de variância analisaram as correlações entre os parâmetros aeróbios e destes com o desempenho. O teste de Bland-Altman foi utilizado para analisar a concordância entre as concentrações de lactato nas avaliações aeróbias.RESULTADOS: O valor de PAtadaMFEL (89,2 ± 15,1 W) apresentou potencial similar de explicação da variância nos desempenhos em v400m (1,29 ± 0,11 m.s-1, R2 = 0,700), v800m (1,23 ± 0,12 m.s-1, R2 = 0,770) e v1500m (1,21 ± 0,12 m.s-1, R2 = 0,698) tal como vMFEL (1,17 ± 0,11 m.s-1) e vPI (1,19 ± 0,11 m.s-1). As concentrações de lactato sanguíneo em PAtadaMFEL, vMFEL e vPI não diferem entre si e distribuíram-se dentro dos limites de concordância.CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que a aplicação de MFEL em nado atado mostrou-se válida e promissora para a avaliação aeróbia de nadadores.
Segurança alimentar de suplementos comercializados no Brasil
Authors: Silva Luiz Fernando Miranda da , Ferreira Karla Silva
Published: October 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: A ingestão de suplementos deve ser seguro à saúde.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a segurança alimentar de suplementos dietéticos no Brasil.MÉTODOS: Os produtos foram pesquisados em 36 websites dos mais relevantes em venda de suplementos no Brasil. Para a verificação da situação legal dos produtos e seus fabricantes, consultou-se a legislação brasileira e o banco de dados do Ministério da Saúde.RESULTADOS: Identificou-se 3526 suplementos, sendo 63% comercializados para fins de emagrecimento e hipertrofia muscular. Dentre os 3526 produtos, 68,7% possuíam obrigatoriedade de registro no Ministério da Saúde, sendo a maioria registrada como "Alimentos para atletas" (49%, n=1189). Constatou-se que 70,7% dos fabricantes de 2425 suplementos estavam ou comercializavam produtos em situação irregular. Dentre os 100 suplementos destinados ao emagrecimento e hipertrofia líderes de venda na internet, 40% eram vendidos ilegalmente. Todos os produtos regularizados vendidos para emagrecimento e 22% para hipertrofia estavam registrados em categorias incompatíveis aos fins comerciais. Todos os websites ofertavam alimentos funcionais como fitoterápicos e vice-versa, e 27% vendiam alimentos de origem animal como fitoterápicos. Dentre os suplementos registrados para nutrição enteral (n=91), 45% eram vendidos para fins estéticos e explosão muscular.CONCLUSÃO: Suplementos para hipertrofia muscular e emagrecimento podem constituir tendência de mercado no Brasil. A decisão do Ministério da Saúde de isentar categorias de alimentos para atletas, e outros fins específicos da obrigatoriedade de registro, pode aumentar os riscos à saúde dos consumidores.
Impacto do destreinamento na antropometria de adolescentes pentatletas
Authors: Fonseca Junior Sidnei Jorge , Loureiro Luiz Lannes , Feital Elisa Mello , Pierucci Anna Paola Trindade
Published: October 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: A caracterização do perfil antropométrico ao fim da fase de treinamento competitivo e após o destreinamento decorrente da fase de transição pode auxiliar a elaboração de estratégias que beneficiem pentatletas adolescentes no retorno ao treinamento.OBJETIVO: Analisar o impacto do destreinamento, originado pela fase de transição, na antropometria de adolescentes pentatletas.MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 16 meninos (15,12 ± 1,77 anos) e 10 meninas (14,57 ± 2,40 anos) praticantes de pentatlo moderno. A adesão à dieta específica no período de destreinamento foi avaliada por profissionais especializados. No fim das fases competitivas e de transição, foram avaliadas a maturação sexual e as variáveis antropométricas.RESULTADOS: Valores percentuais demonstram que meninas tendem a aderir mais à dieta do que meninos. Diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre os períodos foram observadas somente no sexo masculino, nas variáveis massa corporal (0,003), estatura (0,000), somatório de dobras cutâneas (0,033) e na mesomorfia (0,001).CONCLUSÃO: A massa corporal, o somatório de dobras cutâneas e a mesomorfia parecem ter sofrido impacto negativo do destreinamento. O aumento da estatura parece estar associado ao pico de velocidade da estatura. Em meninas, a tendência de aderirem mais à dieta pode ter contribuído para a não identificação de alterações antropométricas.
Prevalence of anemia and associated factors in older adults: evidence from the SABE Study
Authors: Corona Ligiana Pires , Duarte Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira , Lebrão Maria Lucia
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in older adults. METHODS The prevalence and factors associated with anemia in older adults were studied on the basis of the results of the Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE – Health, Welfare and Aging) study. A group of 1,256 individuals were interviewed during the third wave of the SABE study performed in Sao Paulo, SP, in 2010. The study included 60.4% females; the mean age of the participants was 70.4 years, and their average education was 5.3 years. The dependent variable was the presence of anemia (hemoglobin levels: 12 g/dL in women and 13 g/dL in men). Descriptive analysis and hierarchical logistic regression were performed. The independent variables were as follows: a) demographics: gender, age, and education and b) clinical characteristics: self-reported chronic diseases, presence of cognitive decline and depression symptoms, and body mass index. RESULTS The prevalence of anemia was 7.7% and was found to be higher in oldest adults. There was no difference between genders, although the hemoglobin distribution curve in women showed a displacement toward lower values in comparison with the distribution curve in men. Advanced age (OR = 1.07; 95%CI 0.57;1.64; p < 0.001), presence of diabetes (OR = 2.30; 95%CI 1.33;4.00; p = 0.003), cancer (OR = 2.72; 95%CI 1.2;6.11; p = 0.016), and presence of depression symptoms (OR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.06;2.88; p = 0.028) remained significant even after multiple analyses. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of anemia in older adults was 7.7% and was mainly associated with advanced age and presence of chronic diseases. Thus, anemia can be an important marker in the investigation of health in older adults because it can be easily diagnosed and markedly affects the quality of life of older adults.
Handling random errors and biases in methods used for short-term dietary assessment
Authors: Rossato Sinara L , Fuchs Sandra C
Published: October 2014

Epidemiological studies have shown the effect of diet on the incidence of chronic diseases; however, proper planning, designing, and statistical modeling are necessary to obtain precise and accurate food consumption data. Evaluation methods used for short-term assessment of food consumption of a population, such as tracking of food intake over 24h or food diaries, can be affected by random errors or biases inherent to the method. Statistical modeling is used to handle random errors, whereas proper designing and sampling are essential for controlling biases. The present study aimed to analyze potential biases and random errors and determine how they affect the results. We also aimed to identify ways to prevent them and/or to use statistical approaches in epidemiological studies involving dietary assessments.
Women with HIV: gender violence and suicidal ideation
Authors: Ceccon Roger Flores , Meneghel Stela Nazareth , Hirakata Vania Naomi
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between gender violence and suicidal ideation in women with HIV. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 161 users of specialized HIV/AIDS care services. The study investigated the presence of gender violence through the Brazilian version of the World Health Organization Violence against Women instrument, and suicidal ideation through the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software, using the Chi-square test and Poisson multiple regression model. RESULTS Eighty-two women with HIV reported suicidal ideation (50.0%), 78 (95.0%) of who had suffered gender violence. Age at first sexual intercourse < 15 years old, high number of children, poverty, living with HIV for long, and presence of violence were statistically associated with suicidal ideation. Women who suffered gender violence showed 5.7 times more risk of manifesting suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Women with HIV showed a high prevalence to gender violence and suicidal ideation. Understanding the relationship between these two grievances may contribute to the comprehensive care of these women and implementation of actions to prevent violence and suicide.
Dimensions of self-rated health in older adults
Authors: Borim Flávia Silva Arbex , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between negative self-rated health and indicators of health, wellbeing and sociodemographic variables in older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional study that used data from a population-based health survey with a probability cluster sample that was carried out in Campinas, SP, Southeastern Brazil,, in 2008 and 2009. The participants were older adults (≥ 60 years) and the dependent variable was self-rated health, categorized as: excellent, very good, good, bad and very bad. The adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated by means of Poisson multiple regression. RESULTS The highest prevalences of bad/very bad self-rated health were observed in the individuals who never attended school, in those with lower level of schooling, with monthly per capita family income lower than one minimum salary. Individuals who scored five or more in the physical health indicator also had bad self-rated health, as well as those who scored five or more in the Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 and those who did not refer feeling happiness all the time. CONCLUSIONS The independent effects of material life conditions, physical and mental health and subjective wellbeing, observed in self-rated health, suggest that older adults can benefit by health policies supported by a global and integrative view of old age.
Audiometric profile of civilian pilots according to noise exposure
Authors: Falcão Taiana Pacheco , Luiz Ronir Raggio , Schütz Gabriel Eduardo , Mello Márcia Gomide da Silva , Câmara Volney de Magalhães
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the audiometric profile of civilian pilots according to the noise exposure level. METHODS This observational cross-sectional study evaluated 3,130 male civilian pilots aged between 17 and 59 years. These pilots were subjected to audiometric examinations for obtaining or revalidating the functional capacity certificate in 2011. The degree of hearing loss was classified as normal, suspected noise-induced hearing loss, and no suspected hearing loss with other associated complications. Pure-tone air-conduction audiometry was performed using supra-aural headphones and acoustic stimulus of the pure-tone type, containing tone thresholds of frequencies between 250 Hz and 6,000 Hz. The independent variables were professional categories, length of service, hours of flight, and right or left ear. The dependent variable was pilots with suspected noise-induced hearing loss. The noise exposure level was considered low/medium or high, and the latter involved periods > 5,000 flight hours and > 10 years of flight service. RESULTS A total of 29.3% pilots had suspected noise-induced hearing loss, which was bilateral in 12.8% and predominant in the left ear (23.7%). The number of pilots with suspected hearing loss increased as the noise exposure level increased. CONCLUSIONS Hearing loss in civilian pilots may be associated with noise exposure during the period of service and hours of flight.
Legal and health variations in drug litigation injunctions granted in Minas Gerais
Authors: Coelho Tiago Lopes , Ferré Felipe , Campos Neto Orozimbo Henriques , Acurcio Francisco de Assis , Cherchiglia Mariângela Leal , Andrade Eli Iola Gurgel
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors related to the granting of preliminary court orders [injunctions] in drug litigations. METHODS A retrospective descriptive study of drug lawsuits in the State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil, was conducted from October 1999 to 2009. The database consists of 6,112 lawsuits, out of which 6,044 had motions for injunctions and 5,167 included the requisition of drugs. Those with more than one beneficiary were excluded, which totaled 5,072 examined suits. The variables for complete, partial, and suppressed motions were treated as dependent and assessed in relation to those that were independent – lawsuits (year, type, legal representation, defendant, court in which it was filed, adjudication time), drugs (level five of the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification), and diseases (chapter of the International Classification of Diseases). Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test. RESULTS Out of the 5,072 lawsuits with injunctions, 4,184 (82.5%) had the injunctions granted. Granting varied from 95.8% of the total lawsuits in 2004 to 76.9% in 2008. Where there was legal representation, granting exceeded 80.0% and in lawsuits without representation, it did not exceed 66.9%. In public civil actions (89.1%), granting was higher relative to ordinary lawsuits (82.8%) and injunctions (80.1%). Federal courts granted only 68.6% of the injunctions, while the state courts granted 84.8%. Diseases of the digestive system and neoplasms received up to 87.0% in granting, while diseases of the nervous system, mental and behavioral disorders, and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue received granting below 78.6% and showed a high proportion of suspended injunctions (10.9%). Injunctions involving paroxetine, somatropin, and ferrous sulfate drugs were all granted, while less than 54.0% of those involving escitalopram, sodium diclofenac, and nortriptyline were granted. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the granting of injunctions, depending on the procedural and clinical variances. Important trends in the pattern of judicial action were observed, particularly, in the reduced granting [of injunctions] over the period.
Uma crítica da crítica da razão dualista - bloqueios centrais à modernidade periférica: o caso CPE
Authors: Santana Carlos Henrique Vieira
Published: October 2014

Este artigo discute e identifica os bloqueios institucionais e hegemônicos históricos, centrais e periféricos, da experiência da Comissão de Planejamento Econômico organizada a partir de 1955 no governo baiano de Antonio Balbino. Busca, de um lado, rediscutir o papel do Estado como um ente demiúrgico de uma ordem social competitiva e, de outro, questionar a visão do atraso regional e periférico como produto de uma inércia cultural, ou resultado da forma específica de acumulação que tenha como componente intrínseco formas não-tipicamente capitalista de produção e seu conseqüente espelho institucional. O bloqueio à expansão da poliarquia na periferia é, à moda polanyiana, produto de um constrangimento político e normativo do governo central, no qual têm tido papel indispensável as elites intelectuais da periferia, como que renovando a revolução passiva brasileira.
Drucker no ensino de administração: um alerta necessário
Authors: Secchi Leonardo
Published: October 2014

Este artigo está baseado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica que teve como objetivo verificar a existência de ensinamentos de baixo valor teórico-empírico na literatura de administração, em especial na literatura de autoria de Peter F. Drucker. Para proceder a esta investigação foram analisados os conhecimentos divulgados em cinco livros de publicações deste autor. Os critérios para análise foram: falta de cientificidade nos conhecimentos, falta de espírito crítico, presença de dogmatismo, fraqueza e volatilidade conceitual e falta de humildade nos conhecimentos comunicados nos livros estudados. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que não apenas existem ensinamentos com baixo valor teórico-empírico, mas que aparecem em abundância na literatura investigada. O artigo em questão vem alertar os professores, estudantes e profissionais da administração sobre alguns cuidados que estes devem ter ao entrarem em contato com fontes bibliográficas da área, analisando-as criticamente antes de aceitarem seus ensinamentos.
Carta de valores versus carta de intenções: uma reflexão sobre a abordagem integrativa da dimensão cultural em organizações
Authors: Junquilho Gelson Silva , Silva Alfredo R. L. da
Published: October 2014

Este artigo propõe a discussão da abordagem integrativa dos estudos sobre cultura organizacional, tratada como um instrumento homogeneizador e normatizador, na qual a carta de valores seria uma ferramenta para submeter os atores aos ideais organizacionais. A proposição é que se deve reconhecer a complexidade e a heterogeneidade das organizações, utilizando-se dos enfoques da integração, diferenciação e fragmentação de forma complementar. Em contra-partida à carta de valores propõese a idéia da carta de intenções que, mesmo contendo princípios desejáveis pela organização, deve ser confrontada com as percepções dos atores responsáveis pela definição de significados inerentes ao seu universo organizacional, muitas vezes em posição de ambigüidade entre o consenso e o dissenso sobre o que é desejável para os atores e a organização. Como ilustração serão discutidos dados de uma pesquisa de campo em uma empresa estatal brasileira.
Olga: a semeadora de grãos e de responsabilidade social na história do grupo Nova América
Authors: Vergara Sylvia Constant , Silva Darci Basta dos Santos , Gomes Ana Paula Cortat Zambrotti
Published: October 2014

O presente estudo se propôs a investigar as motivações que levaram os proprietários de uma empresa familiar, o Grupo Nova América, a atuar de forma socialmente responsável. A empresa dedica-se há quase 150 anos à agricultura, à pecuária e à agroindústria, tendo, hoje, na produção de açúcar e álcool sua principal atividade. Elegeu-se como método de pesquisa a historiografia, mais precisamente, a história de empresas, tendo como linha de análise a questão da responsabilidade social. Imbricada com a história da empresa está a história de vida de Olga, que fornece o título a este artigo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Neste, entrevistas provocaram narrativas. A história do Grupo Nova América revela: (a) uma organização reconhecida por seu comportamento socialmente responsável, o qual remonta aos primórdios do Grupo, sendo o resultado dos valores e crenças de Olga Ottoni de Rezende Barbosa, mãe e avó dos atuais dirigentes; (b) uma mulher e administradora à frente do seu tempo, cujos valores e crenças eram impregnados por componentes éticos; (c) valores e crenças de dirigentes como fontes de aprendizagem para a organização; (d) ser possível a busca da competitividade e do lucro, com responsabilidade social.
Existe uma saúde moral nas organizações?
Authors: Freitas Maria Éster de
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a fragilidade do discurso moral das grandes empresas, face ao seu poder e alguns de seus comportamentos, internos e externos, predatórios. Usaremos uma abordagem crítica, do macro ao micro, para analisar alguns pontos como: a) o poder das mega-corporações b) mau comportamento organizacional na administração de recursos humanos; c) assédio moral e condições organizacionais que favorecem o seu surgimento; d) humilhação na prática - um estudo brasileiro e) a ética em negócios é apenas negócio? Esperamos contribuir para uma reflexão sobre o lado perverso das mega-corporações nas sociedades modernas, explicitando algumas de suas práticas que negam as preocupações morais presentes em seus discursos.
O empreendedorismo como estratégia emergente de gestão: histórias de sucesso
Authors: Barros Francisco Sávio de Oliveira , Fiúsa João Luis Alexandre , Ipiranga Ana Silvia Rocha
Published: October 2014

Em um contexto de índices crescentes de desemprego e desigualdades sociais, o empreendedorismo desponta como opção ou mesmo um sonho para muitos brasileiros, constituindo-se em alternativa para a geração do trabalho autônomo e para a formação de uma classe empresarial local. Este estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar, por meio de narrativas de histórias de vida, casos de sucesso de empreendedores cearenses. Para isto, vale-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa em três pequenas empresas sediadas em Fortaleza. Segundo constatou-se, para a compreensão do contexto que envolve a gestão de empresas empreendedoras torna-se evidente a pessoa do empreendedor, seu idealizador, seu estilo de liderança e modelo de gestão. As narrativas analisadas evidenciaram, ainda, a importância das iniciativas empreendedoras como compromisso de inovação sistemática para a economia local, favorecendo crescente melhoria da qualidade de vida e do desenvolvimento regional.