bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oblique and rippled heliosphere structures from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer
Authors: Zirnstein Eric J. , Shrestha Bishwas L. , McComas David J. , Dayeh Maher A. , Heerikhuisen Jacob , Reisenfeld Daniel B. , Sokół Justyna M. , Swaczyna Paweł
Published: October 2022

Past analysis has shown that the heliosphere structure can be deduced from correlations between long-scale solar wind pressure evolution and energetic neutral atom emissions. However, this required spatial and temporal averaging that smoothed out small or dynamic features of the heliosphere. In late 2014, the solar wind dynamic pressure increased by roughly 50% over a period of 6 months, causing a time and directional-dependent rise in around 2–6 keV energetic neutral atom fluxes from the heliosphere observed by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer. Here, we use the 2014 pressure enhancement to provide a simultaneous derivation of the three-dimensional heliospheric termination shock (HTS) and heliopause (HP) distances at high resolution from Interstellar Boundary Explorer measurements. The analysis reveals rippled HTS and HP surfaces that are oblique with respect to the local interstellar medium upwind direction, with significant asymmetries in the heliosphere structure compared to steady-state heliosphere models. We estimate that the heliosphere boundaries contain roughly ten astronomical unit-sized spatial variations, with slightly larger variations on the HTS surface than the HP and a large-scale, southwards-directed obliquity of the surfaces in the meridional plane. Comparisons of the derived HTS and HP distances with Voyager observations indicate substantial differences in the heliosphere boundaries in the northern versus southern hemispheres and their motion over time.
Long-term annual soil nitrogen surplus across Europe (1850–2019)
Authors: Batool Masooma , Sarrazin Fanny J. , Attinger Sabine , Basu Nandita B. , Van Meter Kimberly , Kumar Rohini
Published: October 2022

Worldwide surface waters suffer from the presence of nitrogen (N) compounds causing eutrophication and deterioration of the water quality. Despite many Europe-wide legislation’s, we still observe high N levels across many water bodies in Europe. Information on long-term annual soil N surplus is needed to better understand these N levels and inform future management strategies. Here, we reconstructed and analysed the annual long-term N surplus for both agricultural and non-agricultural soils across Europe at a 5 arcmin (≈10 km at the equator) spatial resolution for more than a century (1850–2019). The dataset consists of 16 N surplus estimates that account for the uncertainties resulting from input data sources and methodological choices in major components of the N surplus. We documented the consistency and plausibility of our estimates by comparing them with previous studies and discussed about possible avenues for further improvements. Importantly, our dataset offers the flexibility of aggregating the N surplus at any spatial scale of relevance to support water and land management strategies.
Mental workload accumulation effect of mobile phone distraction in L2 autopilot mode
Authors: Zhao Hongfei , Ma Jinfei , Zhang Yijing , Chang Ruosong
Published: October 2022

As automated vehicles become more common, there is a need for precise measurement and definition of when and in what ways a driver can use a mobile phone in L2 autonomous driving mode, for how long it can be used, the complexity of the call content, and the accumulated mental workload. This study uses a 2 (driving mode) × 2 (call content complexity) × 6 (driving stage) three-factor mixed experimental design to investigate the effect of these factors on the driver's mental workload by measuring the driver's performance on Detection response tasks, pupil diameter, and EEG components in various brain regions in the alpha band. The results showed that drivers' mental workload levels converge between manual and automatic driving modes as the duration of driving increases, regardless of the level of complexity of the mobile phone conversation. This suggests that mobile phone conversations can also disrupt the driver's cognitive resource balance in L2 automatic driving mode, as it increases mental workload while also impairing the normal functioning of brain functions such as cognitive control, problem solving, and judgment, thereby compromising driving safety.
Irrelevant angry faces impair response inhibition, and the go and stop processes share attentional resources
Authors: Pandey Shubham , Gupta Rashmi
Published: October 2022

Response inhibition is a crucial component of executive control, which refers to our ability to suppress responses that are no longer needed or inappropriate. The stop-signal task is a standard tool to assess inhibitory control over actions. Here, we use irrelevant facial expressions (happy, angry, or neutral) as both go and stop-signal to examine competition for shared attentional resources between (a) emotion and inhibition process and (b) go and stop processes. Participants were required to respond to go signals (gender discrimination task: male or female). Occasionally, a stop-signal (face with irrelevant angry, happy, or neutral facial expression) was presented, and participants were required to withhold their motor response. We found that emotion processing (especially angry faces) captures attention away from the task, and the emotionality of the stop signal matters only when the go signal is non-emotional. When the go signal was non-emotional, we found that stop-signal with irrelevant angry facial expressions impaired inhibitory control compared to stop-signal with irrelevant happy and neutral facial expressions. These results indicate that the processing of emotion and inhibition process exploit a shared pool of attentional resources. These results favor an interactive capacity-sharing account of the go and stop processes in models of response inhibition.
Electrostatically-sprayed carbon electrodes for high performance organic complementary circuits
Authors: Watanabe Kazuyoshi , Miura Naoki , Taguchi Hiroaki , Komatsu Takeshi , Nosaka Hideyuki , Okamoto Toshihiro , Watanabe Shun , Takeya Jun
Published: October 2022

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are promising building blocks of flexible printable electronic devices. Similar to inorganic FETs, OTFTs are heterostructures consisting of metals, insulators, and semiconductors, in which nanoscale interfaces between different components should be precisely engineered. However, OTFTs use noble metals, such as gold, as electrodes, which has been a bottleneck in terms of cost reduction and low environmental loading. In this study, we demonstrate that graphite-based carbon electrodes can be deposited and patterned directly onto an organic single-crystalline thin film via electrostatic spray coating. The present OTFTs exhibited reasonably high field-effect mobilities of up to 11 cm2 V−1 s−1 for p-type and 1.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 for n-type with no significant deterioration during electrostatic spray processes. We also demonstrate two significant milestones from the viewpoint of material science: a complementary circuit, an inverter consisting of p- and n-type OTFTs, and an operatable metal-free OTFT composed of fully carbon-based materials. These results constitute a key step forward in the further development of printed metal-free integrated circuits.
An optimizing method for performance and resource utilization in quantum machine learning circuits
Authors: Salehi Tahereh , Zomorodi Mariam , Plawiak Pawel , Abbaszade Mina , Salari Vahid
Published: October 2022

Quantum computing is a new and advanced topic that refers to calculations based on the principles of quantum mechanics. It makes certain kinds of problems be solved easier compared to classical computers. This advantage of quantum computing can be used to implement many existing problems in different fields incredibly effectively. One important field that quantum computing has shown great results in machine learning. Until now, many different quantum algorithms have been presented to perform different machine learning approaches. In some special cases, the execution time of these quantum algorithms will be reduced exponentially compared to the classical ones. But at the same time, with increasing data volume and computation time, taking care of systems to prevent unwanted interactions with the environment can be a daunting task and since these algorithms work on machine learning problems, which usually includes big data, their implementation is very costly in terms of quantum resources. Here, in this paper, we have proposed an approach to reduce the cost of quantum circuits and to optimize quantum machine learning circuits in particular. To reduce the number of resources used, in this paper an approach including different optimization algorithms is considered. Our approach is used to optimize quantum machine learning algorithms for big data. In this case, the optimized circuits run quantum machine learning algorithms in less time than the original ones and by preserving the original functionality. Our approach improves the number of quantum gates by 10.7% and 14.9% in different circuits respectively. This is the amount of reduction for one iteration of a given sub-circuit U in the main circuit. For cases where this sub-circuit is repeated more times in the main circuit, the optimization rate is increased. Therefore, by applying the proposed method to circuits with big data, both cost and performance are improved.
Alzheimer’s disease: insights from a network medicine perspective
Authors: Conte Federica , Paci Paola
Published: October 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that currently lacks available effective therapy. Thus, identifying novel molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of AD is urgently demanded. In this study, we exploited tools and concepts of the emerging research area of Network Medicine to unveil a novel putative disease gene signature associated with AD. We proposed a new pipeline, which combines the strengths of two consolidated algorithms of the Network Medicine: DIseAse MOdule Detection (DIAMOnD), designed to predict new disease-associated genes within the human interactome network; and SWItch Miner (SWIM), designed to predict important (switch) genes within the co-expression network. Our integrated computational analysis allowed us to enlarge the set of the known disease genes associated to AD with additional 14 genes that may be proposed as new potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD phenotype.
Dynamic pressure analysis of novel interpositional knee spacer implants in 3D-printed human knee models
Authors: Glatzeder Korbinian , Komnik Igor , Ambellan Felix , Zachow Stefan , Potthast Wolfgang
Published: October 2022

Alternative treatment methods for knee osteoarthritis (OA) are in demand, to delay the young (< 50 Years) patient’s need for osteotomy or knee replacement. Novel interpositional knee spacers shape based on statistical shape model (SSM) approach and made of polyurethane (PU) were developed to present a minimally invasive method to treat medial OA in the knee. The implant should be supposed to reduce peak strains and pain, restore the stability of the knee, correct the malalignment of a varus knee and improve joint function and gait. Firstly, the spacers were tested in artificial knee models. It is assumed that by application of a spacer, a significant reduction in stress values and a significant increase in the contact area in the medial compartment of the knee will be registered. Biomechanical analysis of the effect of novel interpositional knee spacer implants on pressure distribution in 3D-printed knee model replicas: the primary purpose was the medial joint contact stress-related biomechanics. A secondary purpose was a better understanding of medial/lateral redistribution of joint loading. Six 3D printed knee models were reproduced from cadaveric leg computed tomography. Each of four spacer implants was tested in each knee geometry under realistic arthrokinematic dynamic loading conditions, to examine the pressure distribution in the knee joint. All spacers showed reduced mean stress values by 84–88% and peak stress values by 524–704% in the medial knee joint compartment compared to the non-spacer test condition. The contact area was enlarged by 462–627% as a result of the inserted spacers. Concerning the appreciable contact stress reduction and enlargement of the contact area in the medial knee joint compartment, the premises are in place for testing the implants directly on human knee cadavers to gain further insights into a possible tool for treating medial knee osteoarthritis.
Synthesis of polyfunctionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles catalyzed by 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as a novel donor-acceptor fluorophore
Authors: Mohamadpour Farzaneh
Published: October 2022

We developed a green radical synthesis method for polyfunctionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles based on the Michael–Mannich cyclocondensation of amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and formaldehyde. To generate a renewable energy sources from visible light, a PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) photocatalyst was used in an ethanol solution in an air environment and at room temperature. In this study, we aim to develop an inexpensive and easily accessible novel donor–acceptor (D–A) fluorophore. Besides its speed-saving features and ease of use, the carbazole-based photocatalyst (4CzIPN) also shows high yields, energy-efficient, and is environmentally friendly. In this way, it is possible to monitor changes in chemical and environmental variables over time. The variety of yields is pretty uniform (84–97%, average 92.3%), and the kind of response times be very speedy (15–25 min, average 17.6 min), and the element noted within the dialogue is that the system tolerates a variety of donating and withdrawing functional groups, at the same time as nevertheless giving very fast rate and tremendous yields. A study of polyfunctionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles was conducted to calculate the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF). Gram-scale cyclization proves that it can be applied to industry in a practical manner.
Sperm whale acoustic abundance and dive behaviour in the western North Atlantic
Authors: Westell Annabel , Sakai Taiki , Valtierra Robert , Van Parijs Sofie M. , Cholewiak Danielle , DeAngelis Annamaria
Published: October 2022

Sperm whales are an ideal species to study using passive acoustic technology because they spend the majority of their time underwater and produce echolocation clicks almost continuously while foraging. Passive acoustic line transect data collected between June and August 2016 were used to estimate a depth-corrected acoustic abundance and study the dive behaviour of foraging sperm whales in the western North Atlantic Ocean. 2D localizations (n = 699) were truncated at a slant range of 6500 m and combined with the multipath arrivals of surface reflected echoes to calculate 3D localizations (n = 274). Distance sampling using depth-corrected perpendicular distances resulted in a 10.5% change in the acoustic abundance estimate (2199 whales, CV = 14.6%) compared to uncorrected slant ranges (1969 whales, CV = 14.1%), and a detection function that was a better fit for the data. Sperm whales exhibited multiple foraging strategies, with bottom phases occurring at depths of 400–800, 800–1200, or > 1200 m, accounting for an average 39.2, 49.5, or 44.9% of the total recorded dive time, respectively. These results suggest that estimating 3D localizations using acoustic line transect data improves acoustic abundance estimation and can be used to answer population level questions about foraging ecology.
Definition of an adapted cut-off for determining low lean tissue mass in older women with obesity: a comparison to current cut-offs
Authors: Maïmoun Laurent , Serrand Chris , Mura Thibault , Renard Eric , Nocca David , Lefebvre Patrick , Boudousq Vincent , Avignon Antoine , Mariano-Goulart Denis , Sultan Ariane
Published: October 2022

The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with obesity varies according to the definition used. The purpose of our study was to: (i) determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in terms of lean tissue mass in older women with obesity using the current cut-offs, (ii) redefine a specific cut-off for low lean tissue mass (LLTM), and (iii) re-determine the prevalence of LLTM using this new cut-off. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) and the ALM index [ALM/height2: ALMI(h2)] and ALMI/body mass index [ALMI(BMI)] were determined in 791 women with or without obesity. LLMM prevalence was calculated using the current cut-offs: EWGSOP2: ALM < 15 kg and ALMI(h2) < 5.5 kg/m2; FNIH: ALM < 15.02 kg and ALMI(BMI) < 0.51; and IWGS: ALMI(h2) < 5.67 kg/m2 and cut-offs newly determined from data provided from young women with obesity. ALM, ALMI(h2) and ALMI(BMI) were lower in older compared to young obese women. Using the current cut-offs, a wide distribution of LLTM prevalence (0 to 29.2%) was observed. When the newly determined cut-offs were applied – i.e., ALM < 18.51 kg; ALMI(h2) < 7.15 kg/m2, ALMI(BMI) < 0.483, and T-score: [(ALMI(h2) measured)-(2.08 + 0.183*BMI)]/0.72] − the LLTM mass prevalence was 17.37%; 8.47, 14.8 and 12.71%. respectively. This study showed that the current cut-offs for LLTM as criteria for sarcopenia diagnosis are not adapted to the obese population. Although the new “static” cut-offs appeared to be more adapted, a “dynamic” cut-off for ALMI(h2) that took into account the BMI and thus the obesity severity appeared even more relevant.
Community and individual level determinants of infant mortality in rural Ethiopia using data from 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Fenta Setegn Muche , Ayenew Girum Meseret , Fenta Haile Mekonnen , Biresaw Hailegebrael Birhan , Fentaw Kenaw Derebe
Published: October 2022

The infant mortality rate remains unacceptably high in sub-Saharan African countries. Ethiopia has one of the highest rates of infant death. This study aimed to identify individual-and community-level factors associated with infant death in the rural part of Ethiopia. The data for the study was obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8667 newborn children were included in the analysis. The multilevel logistic regression model was considered to identify the individual and community-level factors associated with new born mortality. The random effect model found that 87.68% of the variation in infant mortality was accounted for by individual and community level variables. Multiple births (AOR = 4.35; 95%CI: 2.18, 8.69), small birth size (AOR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.10, 1.52), unvaccinated infants (AOR = 2.03; 95%CI: 1.75, 2.37), unprotected source of water (AOR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.80), and non-latrine facilities (AOR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.20) were associated with a higher risk of infant mortality. While delivery in a health facility (AOR = 0.25; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.32), maternal age 35–49 years (AOR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.86), mothers receiving four or more TT injections during pregnancy (AOR = 0.043, 95% CI: 0.026, 0.071), and current breast feeders (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.42) were associated with a lower risk of infant mortality. Furthermore, Infant mortality rates were also higher in Afar, Amhara, Oromia, Somalia, and Harari than in Tigray. Infant mortality in rural Ethiopia is higher than the national average. The government and other concerned bodies should mainly focus on multiple births, unimproved breastfeeding culture, and the spacing between the orders of birth to reduce infant mortality. Furthermore, community-based outreach activities and public health interventions focused on improving the latrine facility and source of drinking water as well as the importance of health facility delivery and received TT injections during the pregnancy.
Microbiome of rehydrated corn and sorghum grain silages treated with microbial inoculants in different fermentation periods
Authors: Agarussi Mariele Cristina Nascimento , Pereira Odilon Gomes , Pimentel Felipe Evangelista , Azevedo Camila Ferreira , da Silva Vanessa Paula , e Silva Fabyano Fonseca
Published: October 2022

Due to the co-evolved intricate relationships and mutual influence between changes in the microbiome and silage fermentation quality, we explored the effects ofLactobacillus plantarumandPropionibacterium acidipropionici(Inoc1) orLactobacillus buchneri(Inoc2) inoculants on the diversity and bacterial and fungal community succession of rehydrated corn (CG) and sorghum (SG) grains and their silages using Illumina Miseq sequencing after 0, 3, 7, 21, 90, and 360 days of fermentation. The effects of inoculants on bacterial and fungal succession differed among the grains.LactobacillusandWeissellaspecies were the main bacteria involved in the fermentation of rehydrated corn and sorghum grain silage.Aspergillus spp. mold was predominant in rehydrated CG fermentation, while the yeastWickerhamomyces anomaluswas the major fungus in rehydrated SG silages. The Inoc1 was more efficient than CTRL and Inoc2 in promoting the sharp growth ofLactobacillusspp. and maintaining the stability of the bacterial community during long periods of storage in both grain silages. However, the bacterial and fungal communities of rehydrated corn and sorghum grain silages did not remain stable after 360 days of storage.
Microbial biosignature preservation in carbonated serpentine from the Samail Ophiolite, Oman
Authors: Lima-Zaloumis Jon , Neubeck Anna , Ivarsson Magnus , Bose Maitrayee , Greenberger Rebecca , Templeton Alexis S. , Czaja Andrew D. , Kelemen Peter B. , Edvinsson Tomas
Published: October 2022

Serpentinization is a geological process involving the interaction of water and ultramafic rock, the chemical byproducts of which can serve as an energy source for microbial communities. Although serpentinite systems are known to host active microbial life, it is unclear to what extent fossil evidence of these communities may be preserved over time. Here we report the detection of biosignatures preserved in a mineralized fracture within drill cores from the Samail Ophiolite in Oman. Two varieties of filamentous structures were identified in association with iron oxide precipitates. The first type are interpreted as likely microbial remains, while the second type are recognized as potentially microbiological dubiofossils. Additionally, laminated structures composed of carbon and nitrogen rich material were identified and interpreted as having a microbially-associated origin. Our observations affirm the potential to detect subsurface microbial communities within serpentinizing environments and highlight a unique taphonomic window to preserve evidence of rock-hosted life.
Global warming at near-constant tropospheric relative humidity is supported by observations
Authors: Douville Hervé , Qasmi Saïd , Ribes Aurélien , Bock Olivier
Published: October 2022

Although global warming is expected to occur at approximately constant relative humidity, the latest IPCC report remains elusive about the magnitude of observed changes in tropospheric humidity and their attribution. Here we use a quality-controlled dataset of in situ observations, global reanalyses, and a long record of global mean surface temperature to constrain both recent and future changes in global mean total precipitable water. Most state-of-the-art global climate models tend to exaggerate the projected atmospheric moistening, in line with their overestimation of global warming and of the sensitivity of atmospheric humidity to both anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols across the 20thcentury. A 39% narrowing in the range of the projections is obtained after applying the observational constraints, with a best-guess estimate of + 7% per °C of global warming. This finding provides further evidence of a substantial intensification of the global water cycle as long as global warming continues.
Heat flux assumptions contribute to overestimation of wildfire smoke injection into the free troposphere
Authors: Thapa Laura H. , Ye Xinxin , Hair Johnathan W. , Fenn Marta A. , Shingler Taylor , Kondragunta Shobha , Ichoku Charles , Dominguez RoseAnne , Ellison Luke , Soja Amber J. , Gargulinski Emily , Ahmadov Ravan , James Eric , Grell Georg A. , Freitas Saulo R. , Pereira Gabriel , Saide Pablo E.
Published: October 2022

Injections of wildfire smoke plumes into the free troposphere impact air quality, yet model forecasts of injections are poor. Here, we use aircraft observations obtained during the 2019 western US wildfires (FIREX-AQ) to evaluate a commonly used smoke plume rise parameterization in two atmospheric chemistry-transport models (WRF-Chem and HRRR-Smoke). Observations show that smoke injections into the free troposphere occur in 35% of plumes, whereas the models forecast 59–95% indicating false injections in the simulations. False injections were associated with both models overestimating fire heat flux and terrain height, and with WRF-Chem underestimating planetary boundary layer height. We estimate that the radiant fraction of heat flux is 0.5 to 25 times larger in models than in observations, depending on fuel type. Model performance was substantially improved by using observed heat flux and boundary layer heights, confirming that models need accurate heat fluxes and boundary layer heights to correctly forecast plume injections.
Method for identification and quantification of intact teduglutide peptide using (RP)UHPLC-UV-(HESI/ORBITRAP)MS
Authors: Pérez-Robles Raquel , Salmerón-García Antonio , Clemente-Bautista Susana , Jiménez-Lozano Inés , Cabañas-Poy María Josep , Cabeza Jose , Navas Natalia
Published: October 2022

The present work reports the first method for the simultaneous identification, structural characterization, and quantification of the therapeutic teduglutide peptide.
Surface charge modulation enhanced high stability of gold oxidation intermediates for electrochemical glucose sensors
Authors: Yang Qingyi , Sun Fengchao , Wang Xingzhao , Luo Jiabing , Wang Shutao , Jia Cuiping , Pan Yuan , Zhang Jun , Zhou Yan
Published: October 2022

Gold nanoparticles were loaded on metal foam substrates by simple displacement reactions and applied to glucose sensors. The surface charge regulation between Au and Cu stabilized AuOH active site, thus enhanced the glucose sensing performance.
Orange-fluorescence carbon dots employed for the quantitative analysis of silver ions and glyphosine through the off–on mode
Authors: Zhao Lu , Bai Yunfeng , Wen Yaqiong , Yang Xiaoming
Published: October 2022

We raised one type of carbon dots emitting the orange-fluorescence. Introducing silver ions leaded to their fluorescence quenching, and the further addition of glyphosine recovered the fluorescence.
Comparing measurement uncertainty values
Authors: Analytical Methods Committee, AMCTB No. 112
Published: October 2022

Quoted values of measurement uncertainty (MU) are only ever estimates, being subject to their own uncertainties. This has implications for selecting a way to compare two values of MU.
Inflammatory serum factors from aortic valve stenosis patients modulate sex differences in valvular myofibroblast activation and osteoblast-like differentiation
Authors: Vogt Brandon J. , Peters Douglas K. , Anseth Kristi S. , Aguado Brian A.
Published: October 2022

Identify and validate inflammatory serum factors as drivers of sex-specific valvular interstitial cell phenotypes on hydrogels.
Stimuli-responsive fluorescent nanogel: a nonconventional donor for ratiometric temperature and pH sensing
Authors: Ghosh Soumen , Avais Mohd , Chattopadhyay Subrata
Published: October 2022

A reactive stimuli responsive fluorescent polyaminoamide nanogel (NANO-PAMAM) is synthesized via an aza-Michael polyaddition reaction in water and subsequently transformed to a ratiometric nanosensor via post-polymerization modification of the reactive NANO-PAMAM.
Zinc 8-aminotrihydroquinolines appended with pendant N-diphenylphosphinoethyl arms as exceptionally active catalysts for the ROP of ε-CL
Authors: Cao Furong , Wang Yun , Wang Xing , Zhang Wenjuan , Solan Gregory A. , Wang Rui , Ma Yanping , Hao Xiang , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: October 2022

Through activation with LiCH2SiMe3 or LiN(SiMe3)2, zinc(ii) chloride complexes bearing 5,6,7-trihydroquinolin-8-amines appended with pendant diphenyl phosphine units displayed remarkable catalytic activity for ROP of ε-caprolactone.
Sorption–desorption of some transition metals, boron and sulphur in a multi-ionic system onto phyto-biochars prepared at two pyrolysis temperatures
Authors: Labanya Rini , Srivastava Prakash C. , Pachauri Satya P. , Shukla Arvind K. , Shrivastava Manoj , Mukherjee Poulomi , Srivastava Prashant
Published: October 2022

Batch sorption–desorption of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, B and S onto phyto-biochars prepared from lantana, pine needles and wheat straw by pyrolysis at 300 °C and 450 °C were studied in a multi-ionic system.
Protective effect of sialyllactose on the intestinal epithelium in weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge
Authors: Duan Qiming , Yu Bing , Huang Zhiqing , Luo Yuheng , Zheng Ping , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu , Yan Hui , He Jun
Published: October 2022

Sialyllactose (SL), one of the most abundant oligosaccharides present in porcine breast milk, has been implicated in many biological functions, including the prebiotic and immune-modulating effects.
Correction: Direct anodic (thio)acetalization of aldehydes with alcohols (thiols) under neutral conditions, and computational insight into the electrochemical formation of the acetals
Authors: Liu Caiyan , Shen Yongli , Xiao Zihui , Yang Hui , Han Xue , Yuan Kedong , Ding Yi
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Direct anodic (thio)acetalization of aldehydes with alcohols (thiols) under neutral conditions, and computational insight into the electrochemical formation of the acetals’ by Caiyan Liu et al., Green Chem., 2019, 21, 4030–4034, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC01554J.
Upcycling of waste jute biomass to advanced biocarbon materials: the effect of pyrolysis temperature on their physicochemical and electrical properties
Authors: Tripathi Neelima , Rodriguez Uribe Arturo , Weldekidan Haftom , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K.
Published: October 2022

Burlap biocarbon pyrolyzed at 1000 °C showed a 250% improvement in electrical conductivity compared to commercial graphite.
Monovalent ion-mediated charge–charge interactions drive aggregation of surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles
Authors: Petretto Emanuele , Ong Quy K. , Olgiati Francesca , Mao Ting , Campomanes Pablo , Stellacci Francesco , Vanni Stefano
Published: October 2022

Monolayer-protected metal nanoparticles are a powerful tool to investigate the behavior of matter at nanoscales. We found that electrostatic interactions can lead to the formation of metastable NP dimers at moderate ionic strenghts.
A colloidal route to semiconducting tungsten disulfide nanosheets with monolayer thickness
Authors: Pippia Gabriele , Van Hamme Diem , Martín-García Beatriz , Prato Mirko , Moreels Iwan
Published: October 2022

Colloidal WS2 nanosheets are synthesized using a Design-of-Experiments approach, leading to a monolayer thickness with band gap absorption at 608 nm.
Melamine–graphene epoxy nanocomposite based die attach films for advanced 3D semiconductor packaging applications
Authors: Sun Zhijian , Wong Ryan , Liu Yifan , Yu Michael , Li Jiaxiong , Spence Daron , Zhang Mingyue , Kathaperumal Mohanalingam , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: October 2022

With the fast development of personal portable electronic devices, it is important to explore new die attach film materials in the limited mounting area and height to meet the requirements of a high packaging density and a high operating speed.
Exploring the potential of polypeptide–polypeptoide hybrid nanogels for mucosal delivery
Authors: Xu Tao , Skoulas Dimitrios , Ding Dawei , Cryan Sally-Ann , Heise Andreas
Published: October 2022

By chain extension of polysarcosine with phenylalanine and cystine, nanogels are formed. The nanogels facilitate the transport of dyes across an artificial mucus coated membrane and their release by reductive bond cleavage.
Controllable fabrication of a nickel–iridium alloy network by galvanic replacement engineering for high-efficiency electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Yan Su , Zhong Mengxiao , Zhu Wendong , Li Weimo , Chen Xiaojie , Li Meixuan , Wang Ce , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: October 2022

A Ni–Ir alloy network electrocatalyst, which is prepared via a galvanic replacement engineering route, presents remarkable electrocatalytic properties for both the HER and the OER due to its porous architecture and synergistic effect between Ni and Ir.
Recognition-guided sulfate extraction and transport using tripodal hexaurea receptors
Authors: Chen Si-Qi , Yu Shu-Na , Zhao Wei , Liang Lin , Gong Yunyan , Yuan Lifei , Tang Juan , Yang Xiao-Juan , Wu Biao
Published: October 2022

Hexaurea-based receptors enable highly efficient sulfate extraction (over 97%) via liquid–liquid extraction, and a controllable release of the bound sulfate is achieved by acidifying the solution, as demonstrated in the U-tube experiment.
Correction: Controlled chemical assembly of enzymes in cell lysate enabled by genetic-encoded nonstandard amino acids
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Ru , Luo Zhiyuan , Jia Dongmei , Chen Haomin , Xiao Qinjie , Zhang Pengfei , Pei Xiaolin , Wang Anming
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Controlled chemical assembly of enzymes in cell lysate enabled by genetic-encoded nonstandard amino acids’ by Jing Zhang et al., Mater. Chem. Front., 2022, 6, 182–193, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1QM01285A.
Automated optimization under dynamic flow conditions
Authors: McMullen Jonathan P. , Wyvratt Brian M.
Published: October 2022

The combination of feedback optimization with dynamic operations leads to enhanced data-rich experimentation in flow.
Single event kinetic modeling for paraffin hydrocracking over an industrial Ni–W silica–aluminum catalyst
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Song Kunpeng , Xiang Hongwei , Zhou Liping , Yang Yong , Li Yongwang
Published: October 2022

Computer-aided fundamental kinetic modeling for paraffin hydrocracking based on graphical solution and the single event concept.
Iminologous epoxide ring-closure
Authors: Tien Chieh-Hung , Lough Alan J. , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: October 2022

The discovery of new reactions enables chemists to attain a better understanding of fundamental chemical reactivity and push the boundaries of organic synthesis.
Dual role of benzophenone enables a fast and scalable C-4 selective alkylation of pyridines in flow
Authors: Sanjosé-Orduna Jesús , Silva Rodrigo C. , Raymenants Fabian , Reus Bente , Thaens Jannik , de Oliveira Kleber T. , Noël Timothy
Published: October 2022

A synergistic combination of a photochemical strategy with microfluidic techniques allowed a fast Minisci-type reaction, which could also be scaled up to gram scale. Mechanistic studies provided insight into the key role of benzophenone.
Interface engineering of Co-CoMoSx heterostructure nanosheets for an efficient alkaline oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Mao Xiaoqing , Liu Zhihang , Feng Huiyan , Chen Zhenyu , Shen Pei Kang
Published: October 2022

Co-CoMoSx nanosheet arrays show an outstanding electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance (Tafel slope b = 64.79 mV dec−1, η100 = 292 mV, η1000 = 402 mV) and remarkable stability in an alkaline solution.
Materials design principles of amorphous cathode coatings for lithium-ion battery applications
Authors: Cheng Jianli , Fong Kara D. , Persson Kristin A.
Published: October 2022

We propose the general selection guidelines of amorphous cathode coatings for lithium-ion batteries based on an extensive high-throughput computational study and detailed ionic diffusion analysis.
The premetazoan ancestry of the synaptic toolkit and appearance of first neurons
Authors: Colgren Jeffrey , Burkhardt Pawel
Published: October 2022

Neurons, especially when coupled with muscles, allow animals to interact with and navigate through their environment in ways unique to life on earth. Found in all major animal lineages except sponges and placozoans, nervous systems range widely in organization and complexity, with neurons possibly representing the most diverse cell-type. This diversity has led to much debate over the evolutionary origin of neurons as well as synapses, which allow for the directed transmission of information. The broad phylogenetic distribution of neurons and presence of many of the defining components outside of animals suggests an early origin of this cell type, potentially in the time between the first animal and the last common ancestor of extant animals. Here, we highlight the occurrence and function of key aspects of neurons outside of animals as well as recent findings from non-bilaterian animals in order to make predictions about when and how the first neuron(s) arose during animal evolution and their relationship to those found in extant lineages. With advancing technologies in single cell transcriptomics and proteomics as well as expanding functional techniques in non-bilaterian animals and the close relatives of animals, it is an exciting time to begin unraveling the complex evolutionary history of this fascinating animal cell type.
Functional amyloid in a lipid-like environment: a merry dance of many steps
Authors: Otzen Daniel E.
Published: October 2022

Functional amyloid, which unlike its pathological counterpart serves a biological purpose, is produced in a carefully orchestrated sequence of events. In bacteria, the major amyloid component is transported over the periplasm and through the outer membrane to assemble on the bacterial cell surface. During its life time, the amyloid protein may be exposed to both membrane lipids and extracellular surfactant, making it relevant to study its interactions with these components in vitro. Particularly for charged surfactants, the interaction is quite complex and highly dependent on the surfactant:protein molar ratio. Low ratios typically promote aggregation, likely by binding the proteins to micelles and thus increasing the local concentration of proteins, while higher concentrations see an inhibition of the same process as the protein is diluted out and immobilized on individual micelles. This is particularly pronounced for strongly anionic surfactants like SDS; the naturally occurring biosurfactant rhamnolipid interacts more weakly with the protein, which still not only allows aggregation but also leads to less detrimental effects at higher ratios. Similarly, anionic vesicle-forming lipids largely stimulate aggregation likely because of weaker interactions. Anionic lysolipids, thanks to their micelle-forming properties, resemble SDS in their impact on fibrillation. There are also examples of systems where membrane binding sequesters an otherwise amyloidogenic sequence and prevents fibrillation or—quite the opposite— liberates another part of the protein to engage in self-assembly. Thus, membranes and surfactants have very varied roles to play in the biogenesis and function of bacterial amyloid.
Communication and Social Interaction Experiences of Youths With Congenital Motor Speech Disorders
Authors: Connaghan Kathryn P. , Baylor Carolyn , Romanczyk Megan , Rickwood Jessica , Bedell Gary
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore the communication and social interaction experiences of adolescents with congenital motor speech disorders due to cerebral palsy or Down syndrome, with the aim of identifying clinical and research needs to support the development and implementation of speech-language interventions.

Method:

Five male youths (ages 14–18 years) with congenital motor speech disorders and one of their parents participated in face-to-face, semistructured interviews designed to understand communication and social experiences in daily life. Interviews were audio-recorded and orthographically transcribed offline. Content was coded according to topic areas emerging in the data. Themes were developed to illustrate the most salient and representative aspects of participants' experiences according to the phenomenological tradition that recognizes that participants are experts in their “lived experience.”

Results:

Participants described the youths' day-to-day communication experiences, including facilitators and barriers to successful social interactions. Thematic analysis revealed three main themes: (a) strong core relationships amidst sparse, superficial interactions in daily life; (b) the complicated picture of why; and (c) how speech-language pathologists can help.

Conclusions:

Participants reported that the impact of congenital motor speech disorders on social interactions and experiences became more apparent in adolescence than in earlier childhood. Addressing communication challenges to meet the unique social demands of this period requires tailored interventions that target multiple contributing factors beyond speech impairment, such as social communication skills, negative communication partner attitudes, and participation opportunities. Shifting practice toward a life participation approach to communication intervention stands to substantially improve the long-term social outcomes of adolescents with motor speech disorders.
Distributed Bragg reflector lasers emitting between 696 and 712 nm
Authors: Wenzel Hans , Arar Bassem , Maaßdorf André , Fricke Jörg , Martin Dominik , Zink Christoph , Schiemangk Max , Wicht Andreas , Weyers Markus , Knigge Andrea
Published: October 2022

The authors report on design, fabrication, and electro‐optical characterization of single‐frequency diode lasers emitting around 696, 707, and 712 nm. This has been achieved by a variation of the periods of the 10th order surface Bragg gratings implemented on a single epitaxial wafer. Depending on the wavelength, the devices achieved an optical output power of up to 60 mW at a current of 150 mA and spectral linewidths of about 400 kHz (full width at half maximum (FWHM)) and 20 kHz (Lorentzian).
Probe pulse design in Brillouin optical time‐domain reflectometry
Authors: Li Mupeng , Xu Tianhua , Wang Shuang , Hu Wenxiu , Jiang Junfeng , Liu Tiegen
Published: October 2022

Brillouin optical time‐domain reflectometry (BOTDR) is a branch of distributed fibre‐optic sensors, and it can measure the strain and the temperature information, localised by the return time of the probe pulse, along the fibre based on the spontaneous Brillouin scattering process. Parameters of the BOTDR system, including the spatial resolution, the signal‐to‐noise ratio, the measurement speed, and the sensing range, have a mutually restrictive relationship. In order to improve the performance of the BOTDR system, researchers have focussed on improving the design of the probe pulse, for example, transforming the shape, the sequence, and the spectral properties of the pulse. This study summarises the recent progress in the design of detection pulses in BOTDR systems, and comprehensively demonstrates the improvement effects of various pulse modulation formats on the system performance.
3D chemical structure of the diffuse turbulent interstellar medium
Authors: Godard B. , Pineau des Forêts G. , Hennebelle P. , Bellomi E. , Valdivia V.
Published: October 2022

Aims. The high abundances of CH+ in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) are a long-standing issue of our understanding of the thermodynamical and chemical states of the gas. We investigate here the formation of CH+ in turbulent and multiphase environments, where the heating of the gas is almost solely driven by the photoelectric effect.

Methods. The diffuse ISM is simulated using the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code RAMSES which self-consistently computes the dynamical and thermal evolution of the gas along with the time-dependent evolutions of the abundances of H+, H, and H2. The rest of the chemistry, including the abundance of CH+, is computed in post-processing, at equilibrium, under the constraint of out-of-equilibrium H+, H, and H2. The comparison with the observations is performed taking into account an often neglected yet paramount piece of information, namely the length of the intercepted diffuse matter along the observed lines of sight.

Results. Almost all of the mass of CH+ originates from unstable gas, in environments where the kinetic temperature is higher than 600 K, the density ranges between 0.6 and 10 cm−3, the electronic fraction ranges between 3 × 10−4 and 6 × 10−3, and the molecular fraction is smaller than 0.4. Its formation is driven by warm and out-of-equilibrium H2 initially formed in the cold neutral medium (CNM) and injected in more diffuse environments, and even the warm neutral medium (WNM) through a combination of advection and thermal instability. The simulation that displays the closest agreement with the HI-to-H2 transition and the thermal pressure distribution observed in the solar neighborhood is found to naturally reproduce the observed abundances of CH+, the dispersion of observations, the probability of occurrence of most of the lines of sight, the fraction of nondetections of CH+, and the distribution of its line profiles. The amount of CH+ and the statistical properties of the simulated lines of sight are set by the fraction of unstable gas rich in H2, which is controlled on Galactic scales by the mean density of the diffuse ISM (or, equivalently, its total mass), the amplitude of the mean UV radiation field, and the strength of the turbulent forcing.

Conclusions. This work offers a new and natural solution to an 80-yr-old chemical riddle. The almost ubiquitous presence of CH+ in the diffuse ISM likely results from the exchange of matter between the CNM and the WNM induced by the combination of turbulent advection and thermal instability, without the need to invoke ambipolar diffusion or regions of intermittent turbulent dissipation. Through two-phase turbulent mixing, CH+ might thus be a tracer of the H2 mass loss rate of CNM clouds.
StaNdaRT: a repository of standardised test models and outputs for supernova radiative transfer
Authors: Blondin Stéphane , Blinnikov Sergei , Callan Fionntan P. , Collins Christine E. , Dessart Luc , Even Wesley , Flörs Andreas , Fullard Andrew G. , Hillier D. John , Jerkstrand Anders , Kasen Daniel , Katz Boaz , Kerzendorf Wolfgang , Kozyreva Alexandra , O’Brien Jack , Pássaro Ezequiel A. , Roth Nathaniel , Shen Ken J. , Shingles Luke , Sim Stuart A. , Singhal Jaladh , Smith Isaac G. , Sorokina Elena , Utrobin Victor P. , Vogl Christian , Williamson Marc , Wollaeger Ryan , Woosley Stan E. , Wygoda Nahliel
Published: October 2022

We present the first results of a comprehensive supernova (SN) radiative-transfer (RT) code-comparison initiative (StaNdaRT), where the emission from the same set of standardised test models is simulated by currently used RT codes. We ran a total of ten codes on a set of four benchmark ejecta models of Type Ia SNe. We consider two sub-Chandrasekhar-mass (Mtot = 1.0 M⊙) toy models with analytic density and composition profiles and two Chandrasekhar-mass delayed-detonation models that are outcomes of hydrodynamical simulations. We adopt spherical symmetry for all four models. The results of the different codes, including the light curves, spectra, and the evolution of several physical properties as a function of radius and time are provided in electronic form in a standard format via a public repository. We also include the detailed test model profiles and several Python scripts for accessing and presenting the input and output files. We also provide the code used to generate the toy models studied here. In this paper, we describe the test models, radiative-transfer codes, and output formats in detail, and provide access to the repository. We present example results of several key diagnostic features.