bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Watermarking
Authors: Pal Koushik , Ghosh Goutam , Bhattacharya Mahua
Published: August 2013

The proposed chapter describes the need of data security and content protection in the modern health care system. A digital watermarking technique is used as a strong and secure tool to achieve ultimate security. In this chapter the authors discuss some existing watermarking techniques and also describe some new types of data hiding techniques using biomedical watermarking techniques in both spatial and frequency domain which would help keep the authenticity and secure the contents of the hidden biomedical information for accurate tele-diagnosis. These techniques use multiple copies of the same information that is to be hidden in the cover image. The bandwidth requirement is greater, but reconstruction of hidden information is more accurate at the time of recovery even under several unintentional attacks. Some new types of embedding and recovery processes have also been employed for better results and success of the different proposed schemes. The Modified Bit Replacement (MBR) embedding process and the Bit Majority Algorithm (BMA) technique for recovery of the hidden information are the newer approaches that are also described here.
Analysis of Blood Smear and Detection of White Blood Cell Types Using Harris Corner
Authors: Dey Nilanjan , Nandi Bijurika , Roy Anamitra Bardhan , Biswas Debalina , Das Achintya , Chaudhuri Sheli Sinha
Published: August 2013

Blood cell smears contain huge amounts of information about the state of human health. This chapter proposes a Fuzzy c-means segmentation based method for the evaluation of blood cells of humans by counting the presence of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and recognizing White Blood Cell (WBC) types using Harris corner detection. Until now hematologists gave major priority to WBCs and spent most of the time studying their features to reveal various characteristics of numerous diseases. Firstly, this method detects and counts the RBCs present in the human blood sample. Secondly, it assesses the detected WBCs to minutely scrutinize its type. It is a promising strategy for the diagnosis of diseases. It is a very tedious task for pathologists to identify and treat diseases by manually detecting, counting, and segmenting RBCs and WBCs. Simultaneously the analysis of the size, shape, and texture of every WBC and its elements is a very cumbersome process that makes this system vulnerable to inaccuracy and generates trouble. Hence, this system delivers a precise methodology to extract all relevant information for medical diagnosis with high germaneness maintaining pertinence. This present work proposes an algorithm for the detection of RBCs comparing the results between expert ophthalmologists’ hand-drawn ground-truths and the RBCs detected image as an output. Accuracy is used to evaluate overall performance. It is found that this work detects RBCs successfully with accuracy of 82.37%.
Governing the Innovation Process
Authors: Hakari Kari , Tynkkynen Liina-Kaisa
Published: August 2013

Local governments in pursuit of their objectives have become increasingly dependent on the private and third sector actors. New Public Governance (NPG) is an approach to understand the production and delivery of public services in a fragmented and pluralist society. The development of health care and social services and the creation of service innovations have been a part of the ongoing change. Local governments have started to search for new approaches to service delivery in co-operation with private firms and third sector organizations. This study focuses on the role of local government as a meta-governor in creating and developing a service innovation called the Kotitori model in Tampere, Finland. Meta-governance is needed to govern complexity and plurality in a network society. Local authorities can exercise power by using meta-governance tools while sharing the responsibility for public governance with other actors. The results of this study suggest that tools provided by NPG theory can be identified in the process of developing a service innovation. Thus, it may be that local governments should use both hands-on and hand-off meta-governance tools in order to exercise successful meta-governance. The results also suggest that adequacy of the different meta-governance tools differs according to the stage of the innovation process. In this sense this study provides also new insight to the theory of NPG.
Human health risk from hexachlorocyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane pesticides, through consumption of vegetables: estimation of daily intake and hazard quotients
Authors: Kumar Bhupander , Verma Virendra Kumar , Naskar Ashis Kumar , Chakraborty Paromita , Kumar Sanjay , Mukherjee Debapriyo
Published: August 2013

People are encouraged to consume more fresh vegetables due to the high nutritional value and fibre contents in vegetables. At the same time, due to pesticidal residue in vegetables, vegetable consumption is considered as an important route of pesticides uptake by human beings. Pesticides, particularly organochlorines such as Aldrin, heptachlor and isomers of dichlorodiphe - nyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) are a major concern because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and long-range environmental transport ability. Hence information on such toxic contaminants in vegetables is very essential, due to human health concern. In order to assess the potential health risks associated with vegetable consumption due to pesticidal residues of DDT and HCH, sixty four samples of commonly available vegetables were collected from a local market in West Bengal, India and analysed for DDT and HCH. In this study, estimated average daily intake of HCHs and DDTs through vegetables was ranged between 5.0x10–8–9.1x10–6 mg kg–1 day–1 with an average value of 2.0x10–6 mg kg–1 day–1. Human health risk was assessed in terms of incremental lifetime cancer risk and health hazard index was between 1.7x10–8–8.8x10–6 and 1.5x10–7– 1.7x10–2, respectively. Generated results were compared with maximum residual levels and reference values, were within acceptable limits and suggested no health risk to the human populations. Therefore, an extensive study on vegetables with the inclusion of other persistent organic pollutants and toxic metals should be carried out to know the overall scenario of contamination of vegetables.
The search for oneself: Introductory notes on ethics and anthropology
Authors: Labuschagne J.P.
Published: August 2013

Human beings make choices, and get caught up by their choices. One cannot escape the choices one has made. Your choices draw the picture of who you really are. Sometimes you are haunted by the dire consequences of the choices you have made. Where does the necessity of taking responsibility for yourself, and the choices you have made, take you? Ethics and moral conduct make sense only in conjunction with the moral agent – humankind. This article is an introductory reflection on ethics and anthropology. The argument develops mainly from the view of a human being as a relational being. People are inescapably relational beings – always being in relation with other human beings, and never able to sever the lifesaving ties to God as the human being’s Maker. Human beings become themselves in relation to other human beings, and ultimately in relation to the One Other, God their Creator and Re-creator.
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis associated with otitis media-interna in goats
Authors: Leask Rhoda , Blignaut David J.C. , Grobler Maria J.
Published: August 2013

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis or caseous lymphadenitis is a common condition in sheep and goats. Two cases are described involving otitis media-interna and, in one case, cerebellar abscessation. The first case began with otitis externa and progressed to cerebellar abscessation, presumably as a result of C. pseudotuberculosis infection based on the macroscopic appearance of the abscess. The second case of otitis media-interna involved C. pseudotuberculosis with parasitic encephalitis or secondary meningo-encephalitis. Caseous lymphadenitis is a worldwide problem in livestock and also has zoonotic implications. Antimicrobial therapy of abscesses is often unrewarding due to the thick encapsulation of the abscesses and the extremely contagious nature of the organism. Alternative measures of treating this condition must be sought. In flocks or herds where caseous lymphadenitis has been diagnosed, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for neurological conditions. The potential for spread must be kept in mind when it is suspected to be the cause of otitis in livestock.
Hilarius van Poitiers oor die versoening
Authors: Borchardt C. F. A.
Published: August 2013

Hilary of Pontiers on the atonement The development of Hilary’s thought on the atonement is discussed by comparing his three main works, viz. Commentary on Matthew, De Trinitate and Commentary on the Psalms. His indebtedness to the Early Latin Fathers Tertullian and Cyprian is also pointed out. The so-called divinization of man in Hilary’s works generally ascribed to the influence of Eastern theologians with whom he made contact during his period of exile in the East, may rather be seen as a spiritualisation of the body which is consistent with the ideas of other Latin writers.
Is die Massoretiese teks die Ou Testament?
Authors: Deist F. E.
Published: August 2013

Is the Massoretic text the Old Testament? The equation of “the Old Testament” with the Massoretic text resulted from, inter alia, the Reformation’s sola scriptura principle and the orthodox view of verbal inspiration, and led to a definition of textual criticism as text restoration. Text-critical research of the past two decades suggests, however, that this equation may be a short circuit. The term “Old Testament" refers to a theological concept, not a text, and “the Old Testament” is something different from “the Hebrew Bible”. Therefore, a great deal of rethinking is called for in Old Testament studies.
Die gesigpunt van die verteller en die funksie van die Jerusalemgemeente binne die 'opsommings' in Handelinge
Authors: Joubert S. J.
Published: August 2013

The point of view of the narrator and the function of the Jerusalem congregation within the summaries in Acts This paper focusses on Luke’s presentation of the Jerusalem congregation in the summaries (Acts 2:42-47, 4:32-35, and 5:12-16) and their function within the narrative framework of Acts. A brief investigation of the author-narrator’s point of view makes it clear that it is not his aim to give a comprehensive account or a biography of the Jerusalem congregation. The references to them in the summaries are solely employed to support the overarching theme of Acts. As secondary characters within the broader narrative framework of Acts they therefore serve as the visible fulfilment of the first part of Christ’s promise to the apostles in chapter 1:8.
Die vraag na norme vir moraliteit
Authors: Heyns J. A.
Published: August 2013

The demand for norms for morality This article is a short investigation of the existence and the character of norms for morality. Owing to the secularized society in which we live today the well known Martin Buber once spoke of the eclipse of the light of heaven as an eclipse of God and, we may add, an eclipse also of moral norms. A theocentric basis for moral norms should be accepted as well as the fact that the whole of creation is subject unconditionally to his cosmonomic order. Consequently there is a concrete demand or claim on man in the situation he confronts, which cannot be reduced to an application of general moral norms to the situation concerned. God does speak to us through historical situations as well. We shall have to judge the concrete historical situation in its immediate hic et nunc call on us in the light of the will and law of God, as they are revealed to us in his Word.
Die teoloog as akademiese saboteur
Authors: Du Plessis J. G.
Published: August 2013

The theologian as academical ‘agent provocateur’ Some thoughts on the relation between Biblical science and the role of traditional Christian beliefs in everyday life. What the Biblical scientist teaches in the university is - and should be seen to be - relevant to the way the Christian tradition is supposed to shape everyday life. The Biblical scientist should live in constant dialogue between classical Christianity and the modern secularist world view in which Biblical science shares to a lesser or larger extent. The essay argues that the Biblical scientist should take classical Christianity as his point of departure. This entails a "theology in exile" within the academic community.
Die lied van Hanna: ’n Digterlike bousteen
Authors: Potgieter J. H.
Published: August 2013

The song of Hannah: A poetical component The prayer of Hannah is a beautiful poem, but has not received the attention as a poem which it rightfully deserves. Various aspects such as its similarity with Psalm 113, its text-critical difficulties and the secondary nature in the context of the book have previously been discussed, but unfortunately not enough thought has been given to its poetical character. This article investigates the intratextual relationships of the poem. This is done in order to illustrate that it is possible to reach a better understanding of the poem itself as well as to determine its contribution to the message of the larger context of the book.
Sending en Pentateugkritiek
Authors: Le Roux J. H.
Published: August 2013

Mission and criticism of the Pentateuch Criticism of the Pentateuch was looked at with scepticism by many during the nineteenth century in England. John William Colenso (1814—1883) was bishop of Natal and was of different opinion. His thorough investigation of the Pentateuch was sparked off by a question about the historical reliability of the Flood narrative. Colenso’s results about the nature and growth of the Pentateuch were diametrically opposed to the existing views. He was accused of heresy and viewed as a destroyer of the Bible. Colenso defended himself but it was of no avail.
Op Hom die groot hosannas — perspektiewe op die bewaring en vernuwing van die kerklied
Authors: Vos C. J. A. , Gouws T.
Published: August 2013

His are the great hosannas — perspectives on conservation and renewal of the church hymn Throughout the ages until the present day the Christian Church has been committed to the Biblical, theological and ecclesiastical tradition in which the hymns and anthems served to express and interpret its faith. The conservation of a rich hymnological tradition has not restrained the Church to strive for renewal of the hymnal. This pursuit is based on the insight that hymnological renewal is necessary from a theological and practical point of view. In this article certain theological, literary and musicological perspectives are presented on the duality between hymnological conservation and renewal.
Ekumenika as wetenskaplike dissipline en die verhouding daarvan tot Ekumeniese Teologie
Authors: Crafford D.
Published: August 2013

Ecumenical Studies as a scientific discipline and its relation to ecumenical theology An effort is made to define ecumenism as a comprehensive process. A description is given of the specific character and contents of Ecumenical Studies as theological discipline as well as ecumenical theology as a particular approach to theology. Proposals of how each theological discipline can be practised from an ecumenical viewpoint are given. The article closes with a discussion of the relationship between Ecumenical Studies and ecumenical theology.
Analysing Old Testament poetry: Basic issues in contemporary exegesis
Authors: Prinsloo G. T. M.
Published: August 2013

The wealth of publications on matters relating to Old Testament poetry is witness to the fact that this subject has become a focal point in Old Testament studies. In this paper, an overview of contemporary publications is given. The basic issues, both on the level of poetic theory and practical application, are pointed out. A tendency towards a comprehensive literary approach is definitely present and should be encouraged. Only when a poem is analysed on all levels and by all means, will the richness of its meaning be appreciated.
Pastorale sorg aan beswaardes en ongeduldiges met die oog op die opbou van die gemeente
Authors: Rossouw P. J.
Published: August 2013

Pastoral care for the objectors and the impatient: a church growth perspective The aim of this article is to develop a pastoral theological perspective to a recent pastoral problem. This problem is the growing polarization within churches (with the focus on the Dutch Reformed Church) in South Africa today due to theological, church policy, social, economical and political factors. These factors are outlined and analysed systematically. Special attention is paid to the two poles - the objectors and the impatient. The "objector" is described as the church member who experiences an increasing concern and impasse with the church regarding new directions that are followed, and which are not correct according to his convictions and perceptions. The "impatient" is described as a church member who experiences an Increasing impasse with the church because according to him the church is not going far enough in concretizing the full consequences of church policy (as spelled out in Church and Society for example). The nature, symptoms and needs of both are examined and guidelines for a directed pastoral care are proposed.
Analise van die opbou, argumentasiegang en pragmatiek van die Galatebrief: ’n meer gedetailleerde oorsig
Authors: Du Toit A. B.
Published: August 2013

Analysis of the structure, argument and pragmatics of Galatians: a more detailed overview Following on a previous article in this journal a more detailed overview is presented, describing the structure, argument and pragmatic thrust of Galatians down to the level of its constituent pericopes and paragraphs. Although Galatians is in more than one respect a highly emotional document, its overall pattern displays strong cohesion and a consistent persuasive focus.
Ekumenisiteit in dogmatologiese perspektief
Authors: Wethmar C. J.
Published: August 2013

Ecumenicity in doctrinal perspective In this article ecumenicity is studied from a doctrinal point of view. This requires a twofold approach: firstly an analysis of the relevant doctrine which in this case is that of the proprietates et notae ecclesiae and secondly a description of the ecumenical implications of the nature of church doctrine as such. This study indicates how the latter approach complements and enriches the former.
Gesaghebbende Skrifverklaring in die vroeë kerk
Authors: Borchardt C. F. A.
Published: August 2013

Authoritative interpretation of Scripture in the early church In the early church the Lord committed his message to his apostles and this was faithfully propagated by those appointed by the apostles and later by their successors, the bishops. The apostolic preaching, Scripture, the interpretation of Scripture and tradition was seen as the heritage of the church. The Church Fathers maintained that the true interpretation of Scripture was to be found in the church alone. The heretics used verses out of their context and emphasized isolated texts to the exclusion of others. They therefore did not have the skopos ekklesiastikos (Athanasius) or sensus scripturae (Hilary) and in this sense a much quoted text by Augustine and the famous dictum of Vincent of Lerins must be interpreted.
Weer eens: Eksegetiese Metodes
Authors: Prinsloo W. S.
Published: August 2013

Once again: Exegetical methods This article is the result of conversations with leading Old Testament scholars in The Netherlands and in Germany. These conversations once again emphasise that there is not one single prevailing exegetical method which is followed in general. Although certain "schools", in which a specific exegetical model dominates, can be identified, enough scope for the practise of other methods is offered. Most exegetes are of the opinion that both synchronic and diachronic aspects can be combined in one exegetical model.
Aktualiteit? Die Ned Geref Kerk in Suid-Afrika in die lig van die situasie in Duitsland
Authors: Van der Watt J. G.
Published: August 2013

Actuality? The Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa in the light of the situation in Germany The social and religious developments in Germany show certain clear tendencies. Secularism as well as the resulting focus on human and individual rights have influenced the relevance of the church in a specific way. These developments also had a profound influence on the morality of society. Since the same type of developments are currently taking place in South Africa, certain suggestions are made regarding the relevance of the Dutch Reformed Church in such a changing society in the light of what can be learnt from the situation in Germany.
Die preek in die weegskaal
Authors: Vos C. J. A.
Published: August 2013

The sermon on the balance The focus of this article is on the sermon in crisis. In this regard a variety of factors should be taken in consideration. The preacher, the communication process, the message, the listener, as well as his context, are of ultimate importance in dealing with this crisis.
Die ontwikkeling van die leerstelling van Goddelike genesing in die Apostoliese Geloof Sending van Suid-Afrika: Enkele kerkhistoriese perspektiewe
Authors: Nel M.
Published: August 2013

The development of the doctrine of divine healing in the Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa: some church historical perspectives In this study attention is given to the development of the doctrine of divine healing in the A.F.M of S.A., starting with its historical roots found in the holiness and revivalistic movements of the nineteenth century. A description of the preaching of the doctrine in the A.F.M of S.A. through the eighty five years of its history follows.
Dobbelary: Om van baie verloorders te maak en van min wenners?
Authors: Veldsman D. P.
Published: August 2013

Gambling: Making losers of many and winners of few?The question of the desirability of legalising gambling in South Africa and the affirmative proposal by the Howard Commission Report (March 1993) to this extent, is critically addressed in this short paper. Gambling, being a game of chance - and certainly already a well established and favourite pastime in South Africa - invites an understanding of the element of chance.
Die Koninkryk van God - Grondplan van die Bybel
Authors: Heyns J. A.
Published: August 2013

The Kingdom of God - Ground plan of the Bible The Bible does not only look like a book, in reality it requires to be read and understood as a book. But then not as a book written by a variety of authors with a great number of divergent and even contradicting stories, but as a book with a unique unity, in spite of its diversity of authors and perspectives. Through the authors God opens His heart for mankind and discloses His deepest intention with His creation.
God se brug na die mens: iets goddeliks of iets mensliks?
Authors: Le Roux J. H.
Published: August 2013

Bridging the gap between God and man: something divine or human? This article highlights some aspects of Heyns’ view of Scripture. It is stated that Heyns was so overwhelmed by God’s revelation that the ‘divine’ element of Scripture was overemphasized while the ‘human’ side was neglected. This one-sided articulation of the divine prevented Heyns from either incorporating or addressing the results of critical Bible study. It is my contention that dogmatic reflection on Scripture can only be useful to the Biblical scholar if the results of critical scholarship are taken into account. This point is illustrated in the last section of this article.
Dogmatiek in die rigting van die Gereformeerde Ortodoksie?
Authors: Koekemoer J. H.
Published: August 2013

Dogmatics in the direction of Reformed orthodoxy J. A. Heyns plays a significant role in doing theology in the South African context. A critical analysis of his work in the field of dogmatics indicates a movement in the direction of Reformed orthodoxy. This article is a first step towards a theological discussion with him on this issue.
Johan Heyns as apologeet
Authors: Strauss S. A.
Published: August 2013

Johan Heyns as apologist It is well known that Johan Heyns developed not only the theological disciplines of Dogmatics and Ethics. He also published a number of important works in the field of Apologetics. In this article special attention is paid to these books. This investigation leads to the conclusion that Heyns most certainly made a valuable contribution to the way in which Apologetics should be practised. His evaluation of viewpoints which differ from his own is always balanced, although he does not hesitate to point out the dangers in the modernistic worldview that threaten the Christian faith. He impresses one with his knowledge of contemporary philosophy.
’n Weerwoord
Authors: Heyns J. A.
Published: August 2013

A response Deeply impressed by the penetrating analysis of my theology and the thought provoking criticism launched by those who delivered papers during the symposium on October 28, 1993, and by those who later submitted articles, I have tried here to express my appreciation and to give a concise response to the criticism.
Empowerment: A Theological Perspective
Authors: Dickson C. R.
Published: August 2013

It is generally accepted that sound practice must be informed by sound theory. This maxim applies also with reference to the concept empowerment which is in vogue within South Africa today. Therefore it is argued here that for empowerment to be effective it must be underpinned by a sound theological understanding of powerlessness. After exploring the use of the term power (powerlessness), its occurrence and meaning in Psalm 82 is examined, concluding with an attempt at formulating a theological definition of powerlessness.
Die profete in huidige Ou-Testamentiese navorsing: tendense en vooruitsigte
Authors: Kruger P. A.
Published: August 2013

The prophets in recent Old Testament scholarship: trends and prospectsIn this contribution various themes in recent Old Testament prophetic studies are discussed. These include: the title "prophet", the prophets in a sociological-anthro­pological perspective; the prophets and Israel’s religious history, historical and canonical prophecy, and the relationship between the ancient Near Eastern and the Israelite phenomenon of prophecy.
Die weg van die Here in die woestyn oftewel God se grootpad in die wildernis: Oor A Story of two Ways
Authors: Loader J. A.
Published: August 2013

The Lord’s way in the desert or: God’s highway in the Wilderness. On A Story of two Ways This paper contends that the history of the study of the Old Testament in South Africa, written by Professor J. H. le Roux, is a very important work, although flawed in certain respects. It is argued that the author himself reads his texts too ‘immanently', that he paints static portraits of scholars while discarding development, that an either-or picture is drawn in which such overriding concern for an ‘immanent’-historical opposition is manifested that the result is an oversimplified presentation with apologetic overtones, and that the criteria for inclusion in the hook are applied arbitrarily.
Die invloed van die evangeliese tradisie in die Engelssprekende kerke op onlangse kultuurbou in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Hofmeyr J. W.
Published: August 2013

The influence of evangelicalism in the English speaking churches in South Africa on recent cultural historical developments This article focuses on the strong influence of a theological and ecclesiastical phenomen like evangelicalism within the English speaking churches in South Africa and its effects on cultural historical developments in contemporary South Africa. It is argued that this influence has been greatly underestimated. After a overview of historical developments in these churches the focus is sharper on a discussion of developments within South African society since 1985.
Volksmoord in Rwanda: Missiologiese opmerkings
Authors: Kritzinger J. J.
Published: August 2013

Genocide in Rwanda: missiological notes The recent tragic events in Rwanda, a country generally regarded as “Christian”, put the accomplishments of the church in its mission under question. Why didn't the church and the millions of Christians make a difference? Or did they? An introspective missiological analysis is done. What are the things that Christians elsewhere can learn from Rwanda? Aspects which are discussed are: the gospel and ethnicity; the gospel and revival; the gospel and ethics; the gospel and culture; the gospel and politics; the gospel and socio-economic development; and the gospel and land.
’n Nota op die aanwending van 'tradisies' in die Suid-Afrikaanse struktuuranalitiese eksegese van die Ou Testament
Authors: Lombaard C. J. S.
Published: August 2013

In this article it is argued that the way in which the term tradition is used in the South African structural analysis of the Old Testament is in fact not true to the meaning this term had for G. von Rad. This is because the identification of traditions is not followed up with historically relating the occurrences o f a tradition to one another. The South African structural analysis cannot therefore rightly claim to add a diachronical dimension to its immanent approach by using traditions in this way.
Herformulering as pastoraal-terapeutiese konsep
Authors: M J. C. , Scholtz E.
Published: August 2013

Reframing as pastoral-therapeutic concept In the article the authors firstly look into the way in which the different family therapy models utilize reframing as a therapeutic method. Then the relationship between frames of reference and reframing is considered. The therapeutic process through which reframing can be used is dealt with extensively. The concept of reframing is also evaluated as a theological concept and the authors conclude that it is a useful method within a pastoral context.
Sentrale temas in die prediking van Desmond Tutu
Authors: Pieterse H. J. C.
Published: August 2013

Crucial themes in the preaching of Desmond TutuA sample of Tutu's published sermons, a few speeches and a statement were analysed by means of content analysis in a qualitative empirical approach. My co-researchers were professor Peer Scheepers (Sociology), doctor Fred Wester (Methodology) and professor J. A. van der Ven (Practi­cal Theology) - all of Nijmegen University in the Netherlands.
Joodse religieuse uitbreiding in die Nuwe-Testamentiese tydvak: Was die Judaïsme ’n missionêre godsdiens? (Deel II)
Authors: Du Toit A. B.
Published: August 2013

Jewish religious expansion in the New Testament era: Was Judaism a missionary religion? (Part II) In the first part of this article five factors were identified which would have contributed to the significant numerical increase of Jews towards the end of the Second Temple period. Here six others are discussed: Jewish slaves in non-Jewish households, adoption of children, the universalistic tendency in certain circles, the role of the synagogue, the attractiveness of Judaism in spite of a negative cross-current and the influence of apologetic-propagandistic literature. In weighing the evidence for a full-scale centrifugal missionary movement a mostly negative conclusion is reached. In this sense first century Judaism cannot be described as a missionary religion. We could, however, speak of an indirect mission in the sense that non-Jews were attracted to Judaism mainly through the quality’ of Jewish belief and life-style and that they were encouraged to do so.
The contribution of Arthur Peacocke to the science-theology debate
Authors: Du Toit C.
Published: August 2013

The work of Arthur Peacocke may be considered to be a good example of the effort to link the findings and theories of new cosmology to the world of theology and religious thinking in a consistent and credible way. Highlights of Peacocke's theology pertaining to this venture are discussed. Some of the issues that are dealt with include his anti-reductionist approach, his critical realist stand, and his use of metaphor. Attention is also given to God's interaction with the world, the interaction of law and chance, God's self-limited omnipotence and omniscience, God and time, the suffering of creation and kenosis. The article concludes with some critical questions posed to Peacocke.
Context and violence in individual prayers for protection
Authors: Firth D. G.
Published: August 2013

The individual prayers for protection within the Psalter are marked by a consistency in terms of the context supposed and the nature of violence experienced by the psalmists. Consistently, these psalms also assert that the right to retributive violence against the enemies belongs to Yahweh alone. Such a consistent pattern indicates that those responsible for assembling the Book of Psalms intended to model this as the appropriate response for the faithful.
Enkele opmerkings oor Christologiese Skrifinterpretasie as hermeneutiese sleutel van die Nuwe Testamentiese skrywers
Authors: Steyn G. J.
Published: August 2013

Some remarks on the Christological interpretation of Scripture as hermeneutical key of New Testament authors Some remarks are made in the following article regarding the christological use of Scripture by the early Christian writers. It is argued that the origin of this approach was found by the New Testament writers in Christ’s own interpretation of these Scriptures. Acts 8:26-40 is used as an example of how a “different” meaning was given. It is further stated that the early Christian writers could easily bridge the gap to Jesus of Nazareth being the Lord and Messiah with terminology in the LXX which lends itself to this purpose. After indicating personal preferences for and/or accessibility of some of these Scriptures, the article concludes that the early Christian writers continued the tradition that these Scriptures were God’s word and authoritative, but they interpreted them christologically.
Die verhouding van die Siriese Psalm 151 tot die Griekse en Hebreeuse weergawes
Authors: Van Rooy H. F.
Published: August 2013

The relation between the Syriac Psalm 151 and the Greek and Hebrew versions This article studies the apocryphal Psalm 151, with special reference to the Syriac version in its relation to the versions of this psalm in the Septuagint and at Qumran. Four different sources of this psalm in Syriac can be distinguished, namely, a commentary on the psalms by Athanasius, a number of inanuscripts of the Peshitta and the Syrohexaplar, the manuscript 12t4 (containing the five Syriac apocryphal psalms as an addendum to the canonical psalms) and a number of other manuscripts with these apocryphal psalms. This psalm existed in more than one version in Hebrew. One version is reflected at Qumran in the psalms Scroll from cave 11 and another one in the Septuagint. The Syriac is dependent on the Greek, but clear signs of an inner-Syriac development can be discerned.
Die stil van my verlange na God: Oor Johann Wilhelm Herrmann se verstaan van die ervaring van God (Deel II)
Authors: Veldsman D. P.
Published: August 2013

Quenching my thirst for God: On Johann Wilhelm Herrmann’s understanding of the experience of God (Part II) This article, which is divided into two parts, focusses on the concept of the “experience of God” as understood by the German systematic theologian Wilhelm Herrmann (1846 - 1922) of Marburg in his “Der Verkehr des Christen mit Gott” (1886). The first part of the article which was published in the previous edition, explained the historical and theological context of Herrmann’s “Der Verkehr...” as well as the theological frontiers over-against which he responded in his understanding of the experience of God, characterized as a “searchfind-experience”. This second part elaborates on this “search-find-experience” by humans of God as understood by Herrmann, and indicates the influence it had on Herrmann’s two greatest pupils, namely Karl Barth and Rudolf Bultmann. It is argued that Herrmann’s understanding of the experience of God makes up the kernel of their theological vantage points, and in this respect, is critically evaluated.
Die Menigte rondom Jesus
Authors: Botha P. J. J.
Published: August 2013

The crowds around Jesus This article is an exercise in historical imagination. By employing an interdisciplinary approach some facets of the appearance and daily experiences of first century Galilean peasants are discussed. The question, how we should picture Jesus’ crowds, thereby becomes a powerful way of opening a window onto the world of the historical Jesus.
Paranetiese deparabolisering van paroesie-gelykenisse by die Sinoptici en die Openbaring aan Johannes
Authors: Du Rand J. A.
Published: August 2013

Paraenetic deparabolization of parousia parables in the Synoptics and the Revelation of John The relevance of the contributions made by the early Christian prophets to the traditions of the Jesus-logia is at stake. When the author of Revelation probably uses Synoptic parable traditions in 2:7; 3:3 and 16:15, he literally transformed it by using the method of paraenetic deparabolization. This was done to apply his message to new receivers in a new situation.
Challenges for writing Church History in Africa in a global age: A Zambian perspective
Authors: Hofmeyr J. W.
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this article is to discuss the six big challenges which should be taken into consideration in addressing the issue of doing and writing church history in Africa. The thesis of the article is that these challenges are not taken into sufficient consideration by the outside world as from a Third World perspective. Experts in the field of writing church history, in general, have stated and clearly articulated that no history is ever easy to write. What makes it particularly difficult to write church history in Africa, are the different perspectives on the establishment of the church on our continent. What we have, are pieces of information that have been distorted by prejudice and bias as each generation came to be. Addressing these challenges will, however, help us to overcome certain barriers in our study of African church history.
Die Abraham-motief in Matteus 1-4
Authors: Nortj L.
Published: August 2013

The Abraham-motive in Matthew 1-4 Matthew’s indication of Jesus as the Son of David and the Son of Abraham develop along two lines in Matthew’s story. Firstly, is Jesus portrayed as the Son of David, who represents the “Jewish” line in the story. And secondly Matthew is using Jesus as Son of Abraham to develop the “gentile” line in the story. Matthew uses the Abraham motives in chapters 1-4 to illustrate the inclusion of the gentiles into the new people of God. Under discussion are the gentile women in the genealogy and other possible motives that reflect the story of Abraham.
Jesus: Sy belewing en verwerking van sy emosies
Authors: Pauw D. A.
Published: August 2013

Jesus: How He experiences emotions and deals with them Emotions are experienced by every human being. Decisions and actions are inevitably influenced by these emotions. Despite possible perceptions about Jesus, He became a human amongst fellow men, experiencing and dealing with emotions in an exemplary way. These emotions, as depicted by Matthew are dealt with. His dismay, despondency and intense frustration; his anger which is repeatedly and sharply vented, as well as his love and compassion which are displayed by his words, and healings. In dealing with his intensely experienced emotions Jesus not only demonstrates that these emotions are inevitably part of human existence, but becomes the time role model for the believer regarding his handling of emotions.
John 17: Jesus assigns His mission to His disciples
Authors: Van der Merwe D. G.
Published: August 2013

In this paper it will be pointed out that Jesus did not commission his disciples with a new mission, but instructed them to continue and extend his own mission. This implies that in their following of Jesus, they would adopt a new way of life which related to Jesus’ way of life. The departure of Jesus gave his disciples the opportunity to take his place in the world. Through this new way of life (discipleship) Jesus would live in them and they in him.
Teologie en belydenis
Authors: Botha F. J.
Published: August 2013

Aanleiding tot wat ek gaan sê, was ’n vraag wat ’n finale jaar student teen die einde van verlede jaar gevra het: "Voel julle nie gebonde in die beoefening van die teologie deur die belydenis nie, teenoor UNISA wat vry is?" Die vraag het geimpliseer dat ons nie vrymoedig ons oortuiging kan uitspreek nie, uit vrees dat ons met die belydenis in stryd sou kom. As die belydenis egter 'n mens se persoonlike oortuiging is, staan die saak natuurlik anders. Dan weet jy dat wat jy sê, nie net jou mening is nie, maar ook die van die kerk.
Die ontsluiting van die struktuur van 3 Johannes met die oog op verdere eksegese
Authors: Du Rand J. A.
Published: August 2013

Die geskrif 3 Johannes hoort tot die briefgenre. Dit is ‘n geleentheidsgeskrif, beoordeel volgens die kriteria van die tipiese antieke brief. Sy samestelling is volgens sy briefvorm. Wat die stylvorm en aanbieding betref, moet in die strukturering daarmee rekening gehou word dat 3 Johannes deur 'n individu (ho presbuteros) aan ’n individu (Gajus) geskryf is (vgl. vers 1).
Salom - die Ou-Testamentiese ‘vrede’ - beskouing en die christen
Authors: Vosloo W.
Published: August 2013

Reeds 2 500 jaar gelede was "vrede" 'n slagspreuk van welmenende maar verkeerd ingeligte mense. Aangaande hierdie valse hoop en eensydige verkondiging sê die profeet van ouds: "En hulle genees die verbreking van die dogter van my volk op die maklikste manier deur te sê: 'Vrede, vrede' - terwyl daar geen vrede is nie" (Jer 6:14).
Geloven in de stad van die mens
Authors: Heitink G.
Published: August 2013

Belief and Faiths in the secular city More than thirty years after the publication of Harvey Cox well-known book, “The secular city”, churches are still in doubt about the question how to deal with modernity. In this article the approach is chosen where the key words differentiation, secularization and individualization, connected with a plurality of belief systems are analyzed and connected with a plurality. Christianity encloses individual, social and public forms of faith and belief. Local churches and congregations can be defined as social forms of Christianity. They have to be open for individual and public forms of religion to break up the isolated position and defensive attitude of the churches against modernity.
Accuser, Judge and Paraclete - On conscience in Philo of Alexandria
Authors: Klauck H-J
Published: August 2013

Of all known ancient authors writing in Greek, Philo of Alexandria is the one and related terms and concepts (the apostle Paul comes next, more or less). Something similar may only be found in Latin authors speaking of conscientia, like Cicero. This needs an explanation. After discussing some relevant passages from Philo's writings, with special stress on the texts from scriptures exposed by him, analogies in wisdom literature and in Graeco-Roman rhetoric and mythology are indicated. The following solution is proposed: Philo combines the punishing Furies (cf Cicero) and the benevolent guardian spirit (c. Seneca) of Graeco-Roman mythology and philosophy with the personified reproof from Jewish Wisdom literature, and so he creates a concept that helps him to give a visual description of the strict but nevertheless kind guidance God practices on man.
’n Postliberale venster op die preek
Authors: Nell I.
Published: August 2013

A Postliberal view on the sermon Over the same period that homiletics has enjoyed a resurgence, mainline Protestant churches have been in decline. The multiplication of preaching theories and resources has taken place alongside a growing concern about the life and future of the church. Despite all the theories and resources many local pastors know something is lacking in their preaching. They've tried inductive preaching, story preaching, dialogue sermons, and homiletical plots. While these new methods have been exciting for the moment, many preachers sense something is still missing. It will be argued that it is partly due to the absence of thorough theological reflection.
Vermaan of bemoedig Johannes die kerke?
Authors: Theunissen H.
Published: August 2013

Does John exhort or encourage the churches? For many centuries Revelation has been the object of a mainly historical approach, legating us with a certain reconstructed historical situation as frame of reference: The church has been the object of persecution and the purpose of Revelation was to encourage the church. This paper supports the contestation of the “traditional scenario” by concluding that the church lost its group-identity because boundaries between her and society were vague. John's intention is to cause the necessary alterations. He thus exhorts the church by means of warning, calls to repent and even threats.
Suid-Afrika in die jaar 2000: Watter morele leiding kan die NG Kerk gee?
Authors: De Villiers D. E.
Published: August 2013

South Africa in the year 2000: What moral guidance can the Dutch Reformed Church provide? An attempt is made in the article to answer the question: What moral guidance can the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) provide in the present South African society? Attention is given, first of all, to the room left for the DRC to provide such guidance in the new South Africa. The suitable nature and range of this moral guidance are discussed. Recommendations are also made about the style of the moral guidance and a suitable strategy for motivating the members of the DRC to fulfil their moral responsibility in society.
Die Pendulum-effek tussen ortodoksie en vernuwing in die Suid-Afrikaanse Kerkgeskiedenis met spesiale verwysing na die tydperk 1850 tot 1950
Authors: Fourie C. K.
Published: August 2013

The pendulum effect between orthodoxy and renewal in South African Church History with special reference to 1850-1950 Since the beginning of Church History, a typical phenomenon has occurred, in which certain extremist movements were formed in reaction to each other. This has led to a pendulum effect between the two extremes - one, where the emphasis falls on the emotions, and the other, which carries a more intellectual character.
Mission in the new South Africa. Need for a renewed enquiry
Authors: Kritzinger J. J.
Published: August 2013

Mission includes all that the church is called by its Lord to do in continuation of His mission in the world. The church in her mission is interested in the whole of people’s lives and needs. The church is also called to mission in the South African context. Do we know this context? Do we understand the challenges of this context? A project of two decades ago on the unfinished task of mission in South Africa brought many relevant insights to the force, but since then the context has changed dramatically. This article touches on some aspects of the new situation, and provides outlines for the launch of a new enquiry.
'Die Hemel vertel die eer van God': Natuur, Skriftuur en die bidder in Psalm 19
Authors: Kruger P.
Published: August 2013

“The heavens proclaim the glory of God”: Nature, Scripture and the suppliant in Psalm 19 This article investigates the relationship between the different parts of Psalm 19, viz. v 2-7, 8-11 and 12-15. After a translation and colometric analysis, observations are made on the structure of the poem, the wordplay, and the other literary strategies that keep the different parts together, and on the characteristics that mark this composition as a wisdom psalm. Special attention is devoted to the sun imagery which runs like a golden thread through the whole poem.