bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration and Validation of an Innovative Approach for Estimating General Cognitive Performance
Authors: Gross Alden L. , Jones Richard N. , Fong Tamara G. , Tommet Douglas , Inouye Sharon K.
Published: February 2014

Objective: To evaluate a new approach for creating a composite measure of cognitive function, we calibrated a measure of general cognitive performance from existing neuropsychological batteries. Methods: We applied our approach in an epidemiological study and scaled the composite to a nationally representative sample of older adults. Criterion validity was evaluated against standard clinical diagnoses. Convergent validity was evaluated against the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: The general cognitive performance factor was scaled to have a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 in a nationally representative sample of older adults. A cutoff point of approximately 45, corresponding to an MMSE of 23/24, optimally discriminated participants with and without dementia (sensitivity = 0.94, specificity = 0.90, area under the curve = 0.97). The general cognitive performance factor was internally consistent (Cronbach's α = 0.91) and provided reliable measures of functional ability across a wide range of cognitive functioning. It demonstrated minimal floor and ceiling effects, which is an improvement over most individual cognitive tests. Conclusions: The cognitive composite is a highly reliable measure, with minimal floor and ceiling effects. We calibrated it using a nationally representative sample of adults over the age of 70 in the USA and established diagnostically relevant cutoff points. Our methods can be used to harmonize neuropsychological test results across diverse settings and studies.
Variation in Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Impedance over Years Following Electrode Implantation
Authors: Satzer David , Lanctin David , Eberly Lynn E. , Abosch Aviva
Published: February 2014

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode impedance is a major determinant of current delivery to target tissues, but long-term variation in impedance has received little attention. Objectives: To assess the relationship between electrode impedance and time in a large DBS patient population and characterize the relationship between contact activity and impedance. Methods: We collected retrospective impedance and programming data from 128 electrodes in 84 patients with Parkinson's disease, essential tremor or dystonia. Effects of time, contact activity, stimulation voltage and other parameters on impedance were assessed. We also examined impedance changes following contact activation and deactivation. Results: Impedance decreased by 73 Ω/year (p < 0.001), with 72% of contacts following a downward trend. Impedance was on average 163 Ω lower in active contacts (p < 0.001). Contact activation and inactivation were associated with a more (p < 0.001) and less (p = 0.016) rapid decline in impedance, respectively. Higher stimulation voltages were associated with lower impedance values (p < 0.001). Contact number and electrode model were also significant predictors of impedance. Conclusions: Impedance decreases gradually in a stimulation-dependent manner. These trends have implications for long-term programming, the development of a closed-loop DBS device and current understanding of the electrode-tissue interface.
Visceral Fat Level Is an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Okamoto Takayuki , Morimoto Satoshi , Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi , Furumatsu Yoshiyuki , Ichihara Atsuhiro
Published: February 2014

Background: Obesity is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular diseases not only in the general population, but also in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We previously reported that an increased visceral fat area (VFA) determined using computed tomography (CT) scans was associated with atherosclerosis in HD patients. However, whether a high VFA is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in HD patients remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between VFA and prognosis in HD patients. Methods: VFA was estimated in 126 patients on maintenance HD using CT scans. These patients were followed for 60 months. Results: Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the cardiovascular survival rate was significantly lower in the high-VFA group, with a VFA of 71.5 cm2 or greater, than in the low-VFA group, with a VFA of less than 71.5cm2. In univariate Cox proportional hazards analyses, age, albumin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cardio-thoracic ratio and VFA above 71.5 cm2 were significantly correlated with cardiovascular deaths. In multivariate analyses testing these factors as dependent variables, VFA above 71.5 cm2 was estimated to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular deaths. Conclusion: These results suggest that an increased VFA is a stronger risk factor for cardiovascular deaths in HD patients. Measuring VFA may be recommended for predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases in HD patients.
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: An Asian perspective
Authors: Wang Kang-Ling , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Chiang Chern-En
Published: February 2014

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. In 2050, it is estimated that there will be 72 million AF patients in Asia, accounting for almost 2.9 million patients suffering from AF-associated stroke. Asian AF patients share similar risk factor profiles as non-Asians, except that more Asians have a history of previous stroke. Clinical challenges are evident in the field of stroke prevention in AF, amongst Asians. Existing stroke and bleeding risk scores have not been well-validated in Asians. Asians are prone to bleeding when treated with warfarin, and the optimal international normalised ratio (INR) for warfarin use is yet to be determined in Asians, though Asian physicians tend to keep it in a lower range (e.g. INR 1.6–2.6) for elderly patients despite limited evidence to justify this. In general, warfarin is ‘difficult’ to use in Asians due to higher risk of bleeding and higher stroke rate in Asians than in non-Asians, as shown in randomised controlled trials. Excess of bleeding was not found in Asians when novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were used. Besides, the superiority of NOACs to warfarin in reducing thromboembolism was maintained in Asians. Therefore NOACs are preferentially indicated in Asians in terms of both efficacy and safety. Also, some preliminary data suggest that Asian patients with AF might not be the same. Future prospective randomised trials are needed for the selection of NOACs according to different ethnic background.

Note: The review process for this manuscript was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.
Nomenclatural note for Pedicularis oederi var. angustiflora (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Yu Wen-Bin , Wang Hong , Li De-Zhu
Published: February 2014

The genus Pedicularis L. comprises approximately 600 species (Li 1948; Fischer 2004), and as such, it is the largest genus of the family Orobanchaceae (Olmstead 2012). More than 350 species are recorded from China (Yang et al. 1998). In this study, the validity of Tsoong’s (1963: 334) new combination P. oederi var. angustiflora (H.Limpricht) P.C.Tsoong and its taxonomical history are discussed, and a lectotype is designated.
A contribution to the taxonomy of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae) in Iran
Authors: Negaresh Kazem , RAHIMINEJAD MOHAMMAD REZA
Published: February 2014

The taxonomy of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides is revised in Iran. A new species Centaurea karamianiae closely related to C. regia and C. amadanensis is described from Kermanshah Province, W Iran. In addition, C.gabrieliae and C. wendelboi are transferred from C. sect. Cynaroides to the new section C. sect. Ranjbarianae.
A new species of eriophyoid mite, Aceria tripuraensis sp. n. (Acari: Eriophyoidea), on Hibiscus macrophyllus from India
Authors: MENON PRATIBHA , JOSHI SUSHILA , RAMAMURTHY VILAYANOOR VENKATARAMAN
Published: February 2014

A new species of Eriophyidae (Acari: Prostigmata: E riophyoidea) mite, Aceria tripuraensis n. sp., is described from the closed bud galls of Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb. ex Hornem. (Malvaceae) in India. Aceria tripuraensis n. sp. is distinguished by having a prodorsal shield with distinct rounded lobes on the postero-lateral margins and two pairs of submedian lines. The tarsal solenidia with unusual transverse sculptures, are 2.5x longer than the empodia. Twenty Aceria species are now known to inhabit malvaceous plant hosts and those are listed here along with type localities and host plant details. A key to all known species of Aceria recorded from Hibiscus spp. is also provided.
Three new species in the leafhopper genus Pedionis Hamilton
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) from China, with a key to Chinese species
Authors: YANG LIYUAN , ZHANG YALIN
Published: February 2014

Three new species, Pedionis (Pedionis) tribrachyblasta, P. (P.) dentiforma and P. (P.) dinghuensis spp. nov. are recorded from China. Images of adults and genitalia of the three species are provided, with a key to distinguish all male species in this genus from China.
Walking During Leisure-Time in Relation to Perceived Neighborhoods
Authors: Suminski Richard R. , Wasserman Jason A. , Mayfield Carlene A. , Kheyfets Arthur , Norman Jared
Published: February 2014

Are researchers correct to assume individuals who walk during leisure-time do so mostly in their neighborhood? To address this question, we examined relationships between leisure-time walking and boundaries of participant- and researcher-defined neighborhoods. Door-to-door interviews were completed with 415 adults residing in a Midwestern, U.S. city. Participants self-reported physical activity and drew on a map their perceived neighborhoods and their typical leisure-time walking routes. We found that 134 participants walked in their neighborhoods at least once during the past week on the route they drew. Routes were used for 82.9% of the leisure-time walks and 67.9% of the route was within perceived neighborhood boundaries. Almost all of the routes (98.2%) were within a straight-line 2,000 m buffer around participants’ homes. The present study suggests leisure-time walking is neighborhood-based and certain researcher-defined areas are adequate when exploring this behavior. Route characteristics described in this study may have implications for initiatives promoting neighborhood walking.
The conundrum of Canadian–American relations
Authors: McKenzie Francine
Published: February 2014

Forty years ago, political scientist Denis Stairs published The Diplomacy of Constraint, an account of Canadian involvement in the Korean War. Stairs explored the attempts of Canadian politicians, diplomats, and bureaucrats to constrain US intervention in Korea and, more generally, to influence the conduct of its foreign policy in the pressurized context of the early Cold War. Since then, historians and political scientists have continued to publish accounts of Canadian involvement in the Korean War and books on Canada–US relations in general. Why, then, should someone read The Diplomacy of Constraint today when there are more recent analyses? This review essay attempts to explain the longevity and usefulness of Stairs’ study. What have scholars learned from Stairs’ interpretation and approach? Has he influenced subsequent academic analyses? Can his study be considered a model of interdisciplinary scholarship? Finally, is new scholarship intrinsically better than old?
Damage development in stitch bonded GFRP composite plates under low velocity impact: Experimental and numerical results
Authors: Perillo G , Vedivik NP , Echtermeyer AT
Published: February 2014

Damage development due to impact needs to be understood to evaluate the consequences of impact on composite structures. This study concentrates on modelling and measuring damage development due to low velocity impact on thick industrial composites made from glass fibre epoxy by vacuum-assisted resin infusion. Cross-plied laminates were tested with different impact energy and different number of interfaces (clustering). Results were compared to a 3D finite element analysis. Interfaces and their damage development were modelled with cohesive elements. Intra ply properties were modelled by progressive failure analysis. Many elements and large memory use were needed to obtain sufficient modelling accuracy. However, all input parameters of the model were based on widely available and independently obtained material properties. Impact force and time to initiate damage and maximum force were measured and related to impact energy and clustering. Damage development was monitored optically in the translucent material for all test cases. The results show that the numerical model using only simple and independently measured material data was able to predict the impact behaviour for the different energies and different stacking sequences.
Funding Pensions in Scotland: Would Independence Matter?
Authors: Bell David , Comerford David , Eiser David
Published: February 2014

Economic issues will be key determinants of the outcome of the Scottish referendum on independence. Pensions are a key element of the economic case for or against independence. The costs of funding pensions in an independent Scotland would be influenced by mortality risks, the costs of borrowing and the segmentation of costs and risks (i.e. pricing to Scotland's experience rather than pooled across UK experience). We compare the overall costs of providing pensions in an independent Scotland against the resources that are available to cover these costs. Scotland has worse mortality experience than the UK as a whole, and Scottish government debt is likely to attract a liquidity premium relative to UK government debt. An independent Scottish government would have to create a bond market for public debt. The liquidity premium would make pensions cheaper to buy, but taxpayers or the consumers of public services would have to pay the cost.
Effect of domestic laundering on the fragment protective performance of fabrics used in personal protection
Authors: Helliker Mark , Carr Debra , Lankester Claire , Fenton Leigh , Girvan Liz , Horsfall Ian
Published: February 2014

UK Armed Forces wear items of clothing that incorporate fragment protective fabrics (Tier 1 Pelvic Protection) and other items of clothing are under development (e.g. Improved Under Body Armor Combat Shirt). The long-term robustness of such garments is of interest. In this paper four candidate fabrics (knitted silk, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene felt, para-aramid felt and a woven para-aramid) were investigated. The effect of laundering on 0.24 g chisel-nosed fragment simulating projectile ballistic protective performance was measured on packs containing the candidate fabrics that were representative of clothing layers. Changes in the physical properties (mass, thickness, dimensional change) of candidate fabrics were measured. The ballistic protective performance of two candidate fabrics was unaffected by laundering; for the other two fabrics improved performance was measured. The masses of the specimen packs was unaffected by laundering; however, the thickness of all fabrics increased, relative to dimensional change.
Evaluation of von Willebrand Factor and von Willebrand Factor Propeptide in Models of Vascular Endothelial Cell Activation, Perturbation, and/or Injury
Authors: Brott David A. , Katein Anne , Thomas Heath , Lawton Michael , Montgomery Robert R. , Richardson Rudy J. , Louden Calvert S.
Published: February 2014

Pharmacologically, vasoactive agents targeting endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells (SMC) are known to cause acute drug-induced vascular injury (DIVI) and the resulting pathology is due to endothelial cell (EC) perturbation, activation, and/or injury. Alteration in EC structure and/or function may be a critical event in vascular injury and, therefore, evaluation of the circulatory kinetic profile and secretory pattern of EC-specific proteins such as VWF and VWFpp could serve as acute vascular injury biomarkers. In rat and dog models of DIVI, this profile was determined using pharmacologically diverse agents associated with functional stimulation/perturbation (DDAVP), pathological activation (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]/endotoxin), and structural damage (fenoldopam [FD], dopamine [DA], and potassium channel opener (PCO) ZD6169). In rats, FD caused moderate DIVI and time-related increase in plasma VWF levels ∼33% while in control rats VWF increased ∼5%. In dogs, VWF levels transiently increased ∼30% when there was morphologic evidence of DIVI by DA or ZD6169. However, in dogs, VWFpp increased >60-fold (LPS) and >6-fold (DDAVP), respectively. This was in comparison to smaller dynamic 1.38-fold (LPS) and 0.54-fold (DDAVP) increases seen in plasma VWF. Furthermore, DA was associated with a dose-dependent increase in plasma VWFpp. In summary, VWF and VWFpp can discriminate between physiological and pathological perturbation, activation, and injury to ECs.
Dexamethasone and Risk of Bleeding in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy
Authors: Mahant Sanjay , Keren Ron , Localio Russell , Luan Xianqun , Song Lihai , Shah Samir S. , Tieder Joel S. , Wilson Karen M. , Elden Lisa , Srivastava Rajendu ,   for the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) Network
Published: February 2014

Objective

To determine whether dexamethasone use in children undergoing tonsillectomy is associated with increased risk of postoperative bleeding.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study using a multihospital administrative database.

Setting

Thirty‐six US children's hospitals.

Subjects

Children undergoing same‐day tonsillectomy between the years 2004 and 2010.

Methods

We used discrete time failure models to estimate the daily hazards of revisits for bleeding (emergency department or hospital admission) up to 30 days after surgery as a function of dexamethasone use. Revisits were standardized for patient characteristics, antibiotic use, year of surgery, and hospital.

Results

Of 139,715 children who underwent same‐day tonsillectomy, 97,242 (69.6%) received dexamethasone and 4182 (3.0%) had a 30‐day revisit for bleeding. The 30‐day cumulative standardized risk of revisits for bleeding was greater with dexamethasone use (3.11% vs 2.71%; standardized difference 0.40% [95% confidence interval, 0.13%‐0.67%]; P =. 003), and the increased risk was observed across all age strata. Dexamethasone use was associated with a higher standardized rate of revisits for bleeding in the postdischarge time periods of days 1 through 5 but not during the peak period for secondary bleeding, days 6 and 7.

Conclusions

In a real‐world practice setting, dexamethasone use was associated with a small absolute increased risk of revisits for bleeding. However, the upper bound of this risk increase does not cross published thresholds for a minimal clinically important difference. Given the benefits of dexamethasone in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting and the larger body of evidence from trials, these results support guideline recommendations for the routine use of dexamethasone.
Qualitative research on family relationships
Authors: Ganong Lawrence , Coleman Marilyn
Published: February 2014

Qualitative approaches are excellent ways to investigate family dynamics and family relationships. In the present study, we identify four goals in which qualitative methods benefit researchers: (1) obtaining family members’ meanings about family interactions and relationships; (2) acquiring family insiders’ views about relational processes and observing family interactions; (3) examining families within contexts; and (4) giving voice to marginalized families and family members. Qualitative methods often yield extraordinarily rich data and exceed quantitative approaches for achieving some research goals. We examine how qualitative research may enhance scholarship on family relationships, highlighting selected studies on structurally diverse families as examples.
Does additional acute phase inpatient rehabilitation help people return to work? A subgroup analysis from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brusco Natasha Kareem , Watts Jennifer J , Shields Nora , Chan Siew-Pang , Taylor Nicholas F
Published: February 2014

Objective:

To investigate if a Saturday rehabilitation service in addition to usual care improved return to work outcomes 12 months post discharge and to report predictors of return to work.

Design:

Subgroup analysis of a single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

General inpatient rehabilitation service.

Subjects:

A mixed cohort of 137 adults previously engaged in work, who were admitted for inpatient rehabilitation and allocated to a control group ( n=63) or an intervention group (n=74).

Intervention:

The control group received usual care rehabilitation from Monday to Friday and the intervention group received usual care plus an additional rehabilitation service on Saturdays (physiotherapy and occupational therapy).

Main outcome:

Return to paid or unpaid work.

Results:

After 12 months, 36 participants (57%) in the control group and 38 participants (51%) in the intervention group had returned to work. There was no difference between groups (mean difference -1.06 hours per week, 95% CI -8.70 to 6.57) in return to work outcomes. Functional status on discharge (OR 1.05, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.10), an orthopaedic diagnosis (OR 4.92, 95%CI 2.01 to 12.03) and engagement in unpaid work prior to rehabilitation (OR 5.08, 95%CI 1.39 to 18.58) were predictive of return to work at 12 months.

Conclusion:

A Saturday rehabilitation service in addition to usual care showed no improvement in return to work outcomes at 12 months. Predictors of return to work may help identify those at risk of not returning to work and who require follow-up vocational rehabilitation services.
Intestinal Adenocarcinoma in a Herd of Farmed Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)
Authors: Kelly P. A. , Toolan D. , Jahns H.
Published: February 2014

Intestinal adenocarcinomas were identified in 76 adult deer from a closed herd of 193 breeding animals grazing pasture heavily infested with bracken fern ( Pteridium aquilinum). Tumors were observed postmortem in 32 animals with rapid weight loss, and similar neoplasms were detected in a further 44 clinically normal deer at “cull.” Tumors were located in distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon and presented as single (26%) or multiple (74%), variably sized, pale-gray, firm, poorly circumscribed neoplasms with associated intestinal strictures. Histopathologically tumors were well-differentiated, locally infiltrative, low-grade adenocarcinomas of tubular (51%), mucinous (33.5%), or mixed (15.5%) types. Extraintestinal metastases were not observed. The high incidence of intestinal adenocarcinoma within this herd suggests a specific and novel syndrome, and genetic and/or environmental factors may be involved in the pathogenesis.
Headache in chronic cocaine users: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fofi Luisa , Orlandi Valerio , Vanacore Nicola , Mizzoni Maria C , Rosa Alba , Aurilia Cinzia , Egeo Gabriella , Casella Pietro , Barbanti Piero
Published: February 2014

Background

Headache is one of the most common symptoms after cocaine use.

Methods

We investigated headache frequency and characteristics and the correlation between headache and acute cocaine intake in a cross-sectional study in a consecutive series of chronic cocaine users.

Results

Participation rate was 94.1%. Of the 80 subjects enrolled, 72 (90%) reported current headaches, in most cases migraine or probable migraine without aura. Of these 72, 29 (40.3%) had a headache history, whereas 43 (59.7%) reported de novo headache after beginning to use cocaine. After acute cocaine use, a large percentage of users reported headache attacks: 86.2% of previous headache sufferers (migraine or probable migraine without aura in all cases) and 93% of de novo headache sufferers (migraine/probable migraine without aura = 35; episodic tension-type headache = three patients; cocaine-induced headache= two patients). Most subjects reported that when they used cocaine headaches worsened.

Conclusion

Chronic cocaine use frequently seems to worsen or induce headache with migraine or migraine-like characteristics, probably owing to a serotoninergic and dopaminergic system impairment. In headache sufferers, especially those with migraine headaches, clinicians should enquire into possible cocaine use.
State Body Dissatisfaction and Social Interactions
Authors: Mills Jacqueline , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Holmes Millicent
Published: February 2014

To date, there has been limited empirical scrutiny of the correlates and consequences of day-to-day state body dissatisfaction fluctuations within naturalistic contexts. We used ecological momentary assessment (a form of naturalistic observation) to evaluate whether state body dissatisfaction was concurrently and/or prospectively associated with occurrence and quality of social interactions. Women ( N = 121), aged 18 to 40, completed a brief trait-based survey and then nominated a 7-day period within which to receive seven text messages daily, at random intervals, prompting them to complete measures of body dissatisfaction at that moment. If they were currently or had recently engaged in social interactions, they were also asked to fill out questions rating the quality of these interactions (operationalized in terms of enjoyment of, and control in, the interaction). Findings suggest that the relationship between state body dissatisfaction and aspects of social interactions is complex and may vary over time. Cross-sectionally, state body dissatisfaction and social interaction quality were negatively associated. Prospectively, however, body dissatisfaction predicted subsequent avoidance of social interactions. Interestingly, when women chose to avoid social interactions, their body dissatisfaction worsened, yet when they did engage in social interactions, they reported improved body satisfaction. Importantly, the links between state body dissatisfaction and social interactions may be moderated by body mass index and trait body satisfaction levels. Potential mechanisms underlying the association between state body dissatisfaction and quality and quantity of social interactions are discussed, and future research avenues are proposed to further understand their inter-relation.
Risk Factors for Lower Extremity Injuries in Elite Female Soccer Players
Authors: Nilstad Agnethe , Andersen Thor Einar , Bahr Roald , Holme Ingar , Steffen Kathrin
Published: February 2014

Background:

The incidence of lower extremity injuries in female soccer players is high, but the risk factors for injuries are unknown.

Purpose:

To investigate risk factors for lower extremity injuries in elite female soccer players.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Players in the Norwegian elite female soccer league (N = 12 teams) participated in baseline screening tests before the 2009 competitive soccer season. The screening included tests assessing maximal lower extremity strength, dynamic balance, knee valgus angles in a drop-jump landing, knee joint laxity, generalized joint laxity, and foot pronation. Also included was a questionnaire to collect information on demographic data, elite-level experience, and injury history. Time-loss injuries and exposure in training and matches were recorded prospectively in the subsequent soccer season using weekly text messaging. Players reporting an injury were contacted to collect data regarding injury circumstances. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ±1 standard deviation of change.

Results:

In total, 173 players underwent complete screening tests and registration of injuries and exposure throughout the season. A total of 171 injuries in 107 players (62%) were recorded; ligament and muscle injuries were the most frequent. Multivariate analyses showed that a greater body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.21-1.90; P = .001) was the only factor significantly associated with new lower extremity injuries. A greater BMI was associated with new thigh injuries (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.08-2.11; P = .01), a lower knee valgus angle in a drop-jump landing was associated with new ankle injuries (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41-1.00; P = .04), and a previous knee injury was associated with new lower leg and foot injuries (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.27-9.99; P = .02), whereas none of the factors investigated influenced the risk of new knee injuries.

Conclusion:

A greater BMI was associated with lower extremity injuries in elite female soccer players.

Clinical Relevance:

Increased knowledge on risk factors for lower extremity injuries enables more targeted prevention strategies with the aim of reducing injury rates in female soccer players.
An approach for testing and predicting longitudinal tensile modulus of 3D braided composites
Authors: Li Suhong , Liu Lifang , Yan Jianhua , Yu Jianyong
Published: February 2014

Three-dimensional braided composites have a skin-core structure and can be divided into three kinds of regions: interior, surface, and corner, which have different mechanical properties. Based on the structure characteristics and stiffness average volume formula, a new approach for testing and predicting longitudinal tensile modulus of three-dimensional braided composites is proposed in this paper. This approach can not only provide a basis to establish test standard for three-dimensional braided composites but also predict the longitudinal tensile modulus of three-dimensional braided composites. It is verified by an application example. Additionally, the effects of the number of rows and columns of yarns in preforms on longitudinal tensile modulus of three-dimensional braided composites are discussed here.
Applying LD Documentation Guidelines at the Postsecondary Level
Authors: Banerjee Manju , Madaus Joseph W. , Gelbar Nicholas
Published: February 2014

A key issue in fostering transition to postsecondary education for students with disabilities is documentation verifying the nature of the disability and supporting the need for services and reasonable accommodations. Documentation guidelines assist postsecondary disability service providers in making decisions about eligibility and reasonable accommodations. However, documentation is often varied in scope, comprehensiveness, and quality, requiring a great deal of professional judgment during the review process. This study examined service provider decision-making when presented with documentation of learning disability with varying levels of information. Results indicated service providers’ value comprehensive Objective Evidence, but importance of the data used in decision-making varied by demographic variables, such as years of experience and type of training in reviewing disability documentation. Implications for practice are addressed.
The Dialectical Nature of Impression Management in Knowledge Work
Authors: Erhardt Niclas , Gibbs Jennifer L.
Published: February 2014

The stage on which impressions are managed is no longer purely a physical one but is increasingly mediated by various communication technologies that offer different affordances. This study examines the interplay of media affordances, impression management, and dialectical tensions in relationships between managers and their subordinates. Based on 91 semi-structured interviews and observations from six project teams operating in the consumer health, insurance, and engineering industries located in Sweden and the United States, we identify and explore three sets of impression management tactics. Our analysis reveals that the actions of managers and subordinates were often in dialectical tension, playing out through multiple media in a tactic–countertactic dynamic that played an important role in shaping manager–subordinate relationships. We discuss how these tactics complement and extend theory on impression management, dialectical tensions, and media use in organizations.
Enhancing ADHD and LD Diagnostic Accuracy Using Career Instruments
Authors: Dipeolu Abiola , Hargrave Stephanie , Storlie Cassandra A.
Published: February 2014

Individuals diagnosed with mental health disorders may have work-related difficulties that impact functioning in all life domains. With limited research on the integration of career and mental health counseling, authors used a discriminant function analysis to assess the predictability of accurately identifying diagnostic categories among 258 adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LDs) through the use of constructs derived from three career development inventories. Results showed that using an appropriate interpretive T-score from individuals with the same diagnosis enhanced the ability to discriminate between diagnoses of LD and ADHD in young adults. Implications for the practice of career counseling and development are provided.
Hollywood, Bike Messengers, and the New Economy
Authors: Kidder Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2014

The sociological study of popular cinema provides an analytic entry point for exploring how economic realities are given meaning through cultural products. In this paper, I compare how two Hollywood movies about bike messengers, Quicksilver and Premium Rush, position their main characters in relationship to the new economy. Both films provide commentaries on work and social class, but, as products of unique socio-historical periods, I argue that their commentaries differ significantly. Produced in the 1980s, Quicksilver uses messengering as a form of middle-class redemption, allowing the protagonist to return to the world of capitalist finance. By contrast, as a product of the Great Recession, Premium Rush offers a utopian vision of self-determination for low-wage service workers at the same time that it reifies the uncertainty, unpredictability, and riskiness that increasingly characterize American labor. I also show that both films converge in their portrayal of women and working-class blacks.
‘The scream’: Meanings and excesses in early childhood settings
Authors: Rosen Rachel
Published: February 2014

Young children’s screams have been misunderstood at best and at worst subjected to discipline. Drawing upon data from an ethnography in a London nursery, this article suggests that not only are screams part of the ‘soundscape’, but they are overflowing with meanings including about inequities in the social order of educational settings. These meanings are afforded by the physical and sociocultural aspects of voice quality, as well as overcivilizing efforts. Suggesting an approach of methodological answerability in listening to ‘the scream’, the article considers voice quality in relation to what matters and as a mode of potential transgressive and political articulation.
Investigation on cyclization process of co-polyimides containing 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzimidazole units
Authors: Dong Jie , Xu Yuan , Xia Qingming , Yin Chaoqing , Zhang Qinghua
Published: February 2014

As one type of high-performance polymers, polyimides have been extensively used in various fields. The cyclization reaction plays a significant role in the change of the polymeric chemical structure and physical properties. In this work, a series of random co-poly(amic acid)s (PAAs) were synthesized by introducing an aromatic heterocyclic diamine monomer (2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzimidazole (BIA)) into the homopolyimide backbones of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to study the cyclization kinetics in the temperature range of 180–300°C. The results indicate that the addition of BIA decreases the cyclization rates, which is mainly attributed to the rigid-rod structure of the BIA. The mechanism of thermal imidization of the solid state co-PAA was also studied by FTIR using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy method. The signs of the cross peaks in asynchronous spectra suggested that the imide-related modes changed prior to the amide mode, which indicates that cyclization occurred before the amide proton was abstracted. The result illustrates the truth that the introduction of BIA units into PMDA-ODA segments obviously increases the barrier for the meta-segment of PAA into corresponding polyimide, which is the essential reason for the decreasing cyclization rate.
Approach to extracting gear fault feature based on dominant intrinsic mode function
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Luo Bing , Yang Wentong , Cai Ligang , Zhang Jingying
Published: February 2014

Complex nonlinear and nonstationary signals can be adaptively analyzed by the Hilbert–Huang transform through empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert transform to generate the instantaneous energy. The instantaneous energy was able to display the local characteristics of the signals and had good time–frequency analysis capability, it is therefore widely applied to the analysis of vibration signals in the field of gear fault diagnosis. However, only a few extracted intrinsic mode functions through empirical mode decomposition can reflect fault feature or closely related to the faults but others are irrelevant. Therefore, the fault feature of the instantaneous energy for all intrinsic mode functions was not obvious and the accuracy of diagnosis was low. Aimed at solving this problem, a fault leading rate evaluation algorithm was proposed that can select those intrinsic mode functions, which reflect fault features (it was called the dominant intrinsic mode function) from all intrinsic mode functions. In the paper, this algorithm was applied to gear fault feature extraction. By calculating the instantaneous energy of the dominant intrinsic mode function the method could accurately extract gear fault feature and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Both simulated signals and experimental signals of a Klingelnberg bevel gear were analyzed to verify the effectiveness and correctness of the algorithm.
Uncertainty quantification and race car aerodynamics
Authors: Bradford James , Montomoli Francesco , D’Ammaro Antonio
Published: February 2014

Car aerodynamics are subjected to a number of random variables which introduce uncertainty into the downforce performance. These can include, but are not limited to, pitch variations and ride height variations. Studying the effect of the random variations in these parameters is important to predict accurately the car performance during the race. Despite their importance the assessment of these variations is difficult and it cannot be performed with a deterministic approach. In the open literature, there have been no studies dealing with this uncertainty in car racing aerodynamics modelling the complete car and assessing the probability of a competitive advantage introduced by a new geometry. A stochastic method is used in this work in order to predict the car downforce under stochastic variations and the probability of obtaining a better performance with a new diffuser geometry. A probabilistic collocation method is applied to an innovative diffuser design to prove its performance with stochastic geometrical variations. The analysis is conducted using a complete three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation with a k–ω turbulence closure, allowing the performance of the physical diffuser to be more accurately represented in a stochastic real environment. The random variables included in the analysis are the pitch variations and the ride height variations in different speed conditions. The mean value and the standard deviation of the car downforce are evaluated.
Adapting the built environment: the role of gender in shaping vulnerability and resilience to climate extremes in Dhaka
Authors: Jabeen Huraera
Published: February 2014

The relationship between the built environment and vulnerability and resilience is a little-studied area of research, and demands an exploration of constraints and windows of opportunity. Given gender roles and the division of labour between women and men within urban poor households, the impacts of climate extremes are likely to be gendered. But conceptualizing gender only in terms of the vulnerability of women can mean overlooking the complex and intersecting power relations that marginalize women and men differently. These power relations are manifested in spatial practices, while spatial relations are manifested in the construction of gender. Thus, the power to make decisions in the built environment based on gender roles, and the nature of gender subordination, rights and entitlements contribute significantly to the capacity to adapt to climate extremes.
Isolated penile Kaposi’s sarcoma in a HIV-positive patient stable on treatment for three years
Authors: Lebari Dornubari , Gohil Jesal , Patnaik Lipsita , Wasef Wafaa
Published: February 2014

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining condition. Typically, KS affects the skin with or without visceral involvement. The extensive use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased the incidence of KS amongst the HIV-positive population. We report a case of a 40-year-old man with HIV-1 infection with CD4 count of 551 cells/mm3 and an undetectable viral load who presented with two skin-coloured KS lesions on the prepuce of the penis. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. He had been commenced on ART three years earlier with a nadir CD4 count of 255 cells/mm3. He had achieved and maintained viral suppression since commencing ART. The patient was initially treated with cryotherapy and 5% imiquimod as the lesions were presumed to be warts. The lack of response to treatment prompted further investigation. We carried out a literature search of published cases of penile KS over the past 10 years. The majority of articles regarding penile KS were published in the pre-ART era and involved patients with AIDS. Over the past 10 years, published cases of penile KS have almost exclusively been in HIV-negative men. We found 10 published cases of penile KS in HIV-negative men and only one other published case of penile KS in a HIV-positive man, who had severe immune suppression with CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3. This is the first case report to describe a HIV-positive patient stable on ART with a CD4 count above 200 cells/mm3 and suppressed HIV-1 viral load, to develop two KS lesions on the penis. Clinicians have to remain suspicious of penile lesions and appreciate the crucial role a biopsy with histopathological analysis plays in confirming a diagnosis. In addition, this case illustrates that unusual presentations of KS can still occur in treated HIV-positive patients with sustained immune recovery.
Screening for alcohol use disorders in a genitourinary medicine and contraception clinic: a service evaluation
Authors: Thorley Nicola L , Kumar Vinod , Nightingale Peter , Radcliffe Keith
Published: February 2014

Summary

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidance advises that all patients routinely undergo alcohol screening. Our service evaluation in a sexual health clinic assessed the acceptability of alcohol screening, the prevalence of hazardous drinking and the uptake of referral to a specialist alcohol service. Three services were evaluated: a genitourinary medicine service, a contraception service and an integrated sexual health service. AUDIT was used to screen 276 patients; those scoring ≥8 were classified as hazardous drinkers. Screening uptake was 58% overall, 58% for the contraception service, 71% for the genitourinary medicine service and 100% for the integrated sexual health service. Overall, 28% had AUDIT scores ≥8. Hazardous drinking rates were higher in the genitourinary medicine (32%) and integrated sexual health services (52%) compared to the contraception service (21%); 7% of hazardous drinkers accepted referral. High rates of hazardous drinking were identified within all three groups, but uptake of referral was low. Alternative strategies to specialist alcohol service referral are discussed.
Investigations on water condensation in the main steam pipe of a pressurized water reactor nuclear power station: Part I – Experimental tests
Authors: Yan Xin , Li Jun , He Kun , Feng Zhenping , Fan Yizhi , Shang Xianyou
Published: February 2014

Experiments were conducted to measure the water condensation rates and to investigate the heat transfer characteristics in the main steam pipe of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant during starting up and stable operation conditions. Through a series of electric control valves, two representative experimental tests were attempted to validate the proposed theoretical method (see Part II of this two-part paper). Reliability of the experimentations was checked and guaranteed by repeating the stable operation condition experiment. To reveal the steam temperature fluctuation in different operation conditions, two K-type sheathed thermocouples were installed at the pipe inlet and outlet to monitor the transient temperature fields through an NI data collection system. Apart from these, five sections of thermocouple-wires (NiCr–NiSi) were welded onto the pipe outer wall surface to obtain the time-dependent temperature. Results show that the measured and theoretically predicted water condensation rates agree well (0.5% deficiency) for the startup process, while for the stable operation condition, the deficiency between measurements and predictions were around 30%. Water condensation in the startup process is dominated by the heat capacities of the pipe and insulation layer, while water condensation in the stable operation process is determined by the radiation and natural convection heat transfers from the insulation layer. The accuracy of the predicted water condensation rate in the stable operation condition is mainly affected by the thermal conductivity of the insulation layer. The transient temperature on the piping outer wall surface shows non-uniformity along the circumferential direction. However, due to the mixing and turbulence effects of the flowing vapor, the non-uniform effect becomes weaker along the axial direction.
Systematic Reflection
Authors: Ellis Shmuel , Carette Bernd , Anseel Frederik , Lievens Filip
Published: February 2014

Drawing on a growing stream of empirical findings that runs across different psychological domains, we demonstrated that systematic reflection stands out as a prominent tool for learning from experience. For decades, failed experiences have been considered the most powerful learning sources. Despite the theoretical and practical relevance, few researchers have investigated whether people can also learn from their successes. We showed that through systematic reflection, people can learn from both their successes and their failures. Studies have further shown that the effectiveness of systematic reflection depends on situational (e.g., reflection focus) and person-based (e.g., conscientiousness) factors. Given today’s unrelenting pace and the abundance of activities in which people are involved, future researchers may want to investigate how to effectively integrate systematic reflection within the busy daily environment of the learner.
Eyewitness Identification
Authors: Wells Gary L.
Published: February 2014

Approximately 75% of DNA exonerations are cases involving mistaken identification. Lab-based experiments by psychological scientists have informed the legal system about ways to reduce the misidentification problem. One of these ideas, the sequential lineup (which shows the witness one lineup member at a time), increases the ratio of accurate to mistaken identifications compared with the traditional simultaneous lineup (which shows the witness all lineup members at once). Gronlund, Wixted, and Mickes (2014, this issue) noted that the improvement in this ratio from the sequential procedure is the result of a conservative criterion shift rather than of an increase in discriminability. Although data support that interpretation, the data do not negate the fact that probative value is higher for the sequential lineup. The question for policymakers is whether a more conservative decision criterion is desirable. Considerations include the natural asymmetry between the errors of mistaken identification versus nonidentification and the relevance of an accumulated body of archival data that suggest that witnesses in actual cases are using loose decision criteria for making identifications.