bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL COMPARISON OR UTILITY: AN EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION
Authors: Rofé Yacov , Lewin Isaac
Published: May 2006

Emotional comparison theory was contrasted with the utility theory (Rote, 1984) in an analysis of effects of stress on affiliation in a laboratory setting. The former theory argues that subjects tend to affiliate with others at a similar level of fear since this permits satisfaction
of the emotional comparison need. Utility theory, however, suggests that affiliation tendency should decrease when this is likely to increase feelings of embarrassment and negative emotional contagion. In an attempt to examine this hypothesis, three experimental manipulations were designed.
The first situation was a replication of the main features of Schachter's study, while the second and third were intended to decrease the utility value of affiliation, and, at the same time to maintain or even increase the opportunity for social comparison. In these two new experimental
conditions subjects were told that the shocks would be given immediately rather than deferred. In the third condition subjects were also told that their physiological reactions would be projected on a screen, so that they could be publicly compared with others. Consistent with the utility
theory, results showed that these two latter fear conditions resulted in a marked decrease in the affiliation tendency for males but not females.
MALE RESPONSES TO FEMALE AGGRESSION
Authors: Russell Gordon W. , Horn Veronica E. , Huddle Mary J.
Published: May 2006

The effects on males (N= 60) of observing fictional aggression were assessed in a between-subjects design. Subjects were randomly assigned to view either a film clip of professional lady wrestlers, a mud wrestling segment or, to a no-film control condition. Both films produced negative
changes in mood states, principally an increase in aggression and a decrease in social affection. Exposure to the films failed to produce changes in men's acceptance of interpersonal violence against women, rape myth beliefs or sexual callousness.
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION OF INTEGRATING SOCIAL STRUCTURE INTO SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM: SELECTED METHODOLOGICAL INSIGHTS
Authors: Clagetit Arthur F.
Published: May 2006

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the process-social structure controversy, concerning the relations of self to symbolic interactionism. Increasingly, knowledgeable scholars of self theory are gaining methodological insights, which support the fact that our conceptions of process
and social structure are each incomplete, supplementary dimensions articulating the same phenomenal states of being and development.Just as self and society are “twin born’; structure and process are analytically separable dimensions of self that, however, are not mutually
reducible. Hence, the basic problem, attempted herein, is to expound dimensions of the symbolic interactionist perspective required for logically specifying and analyzing those psychological, social and situational conditions under which social structure and social process each exert their
differential – as well as their combined, simultaneous influences in determining consequences that self has for social behavior.
SOCIAL COGNITION AND THE STUDY OF CLOTHING AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Authors: Davis Leslie L. , Lennon Sharron J.
Published: May 2006

This paper integrates theoretical and methodological perspective involved with research in social cognition with literature from the clothing and human behavior area. It is found that theory and research from cognitive psychology serve as a suitable and relevant framework for the study
of clothing and human behavior. Recommendations are made to researchers with regards to the effective integration of these two areas.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION (CFF) THRESHOLDS AND PERSONALITY UNDER THREE AUDITORY STIMULUS CONDITIONS
Authors: Ali M.R. , Amir T.
Published: May 2006

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between critical flicker fusion (CFF) thresholds and five personality characteristics namely, alienation, social nonconformity, discomfort, expression, and defensiveness under three auditory stimulus conditions, such as quiet,
noise, and meaningful verbal stimuli. Sixty undergraduate students, 30 males and 30 females, participated in this experiment. They were between 18 and 26 years of age. Personality characteristics and CFF thresholds were measured by the Arabic version of Lanyon's Psychological Screening
Inventory and by a Visual Perception Control apparatus respectively. The results showed that (1) auditory stimulation did not have any significant effects on CFF thresholds, (2) subjects who scored high in the social nonconformity scale had higher CFF thresholds than those who scored low,
and (3) no other personality characteristics had any significant effects on CFF thresholds. This finding suggests a possible connection between higher CFF thresholds and an inner tendency to revolt against an established order.
ROLE CONFLICT AND CONFORMITY IN DRESS
Authors: Jasper Cynthia R. , Roach-Higgins Mary Ellen
Published: May 2006

This study proceeded from the general theoretical position that dress is a significant element in role enactment and addressed the specific question of why there is apparent conflict regarding what form of dress is appropriate to enactment of the role of the Roman Catholic priest. Data
analyzed were drawn from a study of 5,475 American Catholic priests. Priests who conformed to church regulations regarding dress differed from nonconformists in their beliefs about their roles as priests and in their opinions of church reform, commitment to the priesthood, feelings of anomie,
rank within the priesthood, and age.
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF SHIFT WORK
Authors: Akinnawo Ebenezer Olutope
Published: May 2006

This study examined the incidence and nature of general psychopathology among Nigerian shift workers. Three hundred and twenty subjects of both sexes were randomly selected from establishments running one type of shift or the other in Benin City, Nigeria. The Awaritefe Psychological
Index (API) (Awaritefe, 1982) was used in the study. The data were analysed by 4 x 2 x 2 A NOVA supplemented Scheffe's orthogonal test of comparison. The shift workers were found to be more significantly psychopathological than the non-shift workers (p < 0.001). The prominent disorders
found among the shift workers were intellectual, sleep, mood, and general somatic disorders. No significant difference could be attributed to sex and marital status of subjects. The relevance of the findings and their possible clinical implications are discussed. Recommendations for employers
of shift workers and suggestions for future research are also made.
THE EFFECTS OF SEX OF SUBJECT, SEX AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF PHOTO ON FACIAL RECOGNITION
Authors: Carroo Agatha W. , Mozingo R.
Published: May 2006

This study was conducted to assess the effect of sex of subject, and sex and attractiveness of photo on facial recognition with 25 black male and 25 female college students. The results indicated that male subjects performed better with male faces with d'prime scores.
INTELLIGENCE, GENDER, SOCIAL MATURITY, AND SCHOOL READINESS IN DUTCH FIRSTGRADERS
Authors: Angenent Huub , Man Anton de
Published: May 2006

One hundred and twenty five first-grade elementary school children (75 girls and 50 boys) took part in a study of the relationships among intelligence, gender, social maturity, and school readiness. Results indicated that school readiness is related to intelligence and sex but not to
social maturity. The latter was found to be associated with sex of subject and intelligence.
COMMUNICATOR CREDIBILITY: TRUSTWORTHINESS DEFEATS EXPERTNESS
Authors: Lui Louisa , Standing Lionel
Published: May 2006

The credibility of a highly trustworthy communicator was compared with that of an expert. The subjects (36 nuns) heard the same persuasive message concerning AIDS, presented under the guise of either a trustworthy source (a priest), an expert (a doctor), or a neutral source. The results
showed that the trustworthy communicator was regarded as significantly more believable than the expert.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION TO SOCIAL SUPPORT, LIFE STRESS, AND ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Ford Gary G. , Procidano Mary E.
Published: May 2006

The previously unexplored relationship of self-actualization to life stress and perceived social support from family and from friends was investigated. Measures of all variables were administered to 54 female and 52 male adult undergraduate students (age range of 18–81 years).
The relationship of each variable to psychological adjustment (depression) also was assessed. As predicted, correlational results revealed self-actualization to be related positively to perceived social support and inversely to depression and life stress. Social support was inversely related
to depression, and life stress was related positively to depression. Significant sex differences discovered in the relationship of self-actualization to perceived social support are discussed in terms of possible sex differences in the developmental process of self-actualization.
SELF-REVELATION AS MANIPULATION: THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND MACHIAVELLIANISM ON SELF-DISCLOSURE
Authors: O'Connor Elinor M. , Simms Christopher M.
Published: May 2006

Although self-disclosure is regarded primarily as an affiliative behavior, it has recently been proposed that disclosure may also function as an interpersonal manipulation strategy for females high in machiavellianism. A study was conducted to test this proposal, existing data being
inconclusive. Groups of male (n = 29) and female (n = 27) subjects completed measures of machiavellianism and of willingness to self-disclose to the target of an experimental influence attempt. A significant positive correlation between machiavellianism and disclosure was found
for female subjects; no relationship between the variables was evident for males. These findings suggest that machiavellian females may indeed use self-disclosure as a means of manipulating others in interpersonal control attempts. Theoretical and research implications are discussed.
FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL LOCUS OF CONTROL
Authors: Man Anton De , Hall Vincent , Stout Dale
Published: May 2006

Sixty-seven women and thirty-six men participated in a study of the relationships between selected family environment variables and Levenson's dimensions of locus of control (Personal Control, Powerful Others, Chance). Results indicated significant bivariate and semipartial associations
between perceived family nurture and Personal Control. Significant bivariate correlations were found between Powerful Others and the respective measures of perceived family nurture and control. The latter associations were not maintained in subsequent semi-partial correlation analyses. No
significant findings were obtained for the Chance dimension. Sex of subject did not appear to be of importance in the various relationships.
OPTIMISM AND THE REPORTING OF FLU EPISODES
Authors: Hamid P. Nicholas
Published: May 2006

This study examined the differences between dispositional optimists and pessimists in their reporting of ill health and health promoting behaviors for a stress-related illness, namely influenza. The results revealed clear and consistent attentional biases of the dispositions as measured
by the Life Orientation Test. While optimists and pessimists did not differ in stress levels or the number of incidences of flu, pessimists reported the duration as longer, a higher expectancy of flu in the future, and more symptoms and causes of stress than did optimists. On the other hand,
optimists reported greater engagement in health promoting behavior and more specific attempts at prevention of flu. These differences are discussed with regard to attentional style and affect and the implications for further research are outlined.
LAY CAUSAL PERCEPTIONS OF THIRD WORLD POVERTY AND THE JUST WORLD THEORY'
Authors: Harper David J. , Wagstaff Graham F. , Newton J. Tim , Harrison Kevin R.
Published: May 2006

This study investigated the factor analytic properties of Rubin and Peplau's (1975) Just World Scale and a questionnaire of possible causes of Third World poverty. Three Just World factors emerged in contrast to Hyland and Dann's (1987) four factor solution. They were interpreted
as ‘Pro Just World’, Anti Just World' and 'Cynical or Reserved Just World Belief. Four poverty factors emerged, interpreted as ‘Blame the Poor; ‘Blame Third World Governments’,‘Blame Nature’ and ‘Blame Exploitation’. The most
important finding to emerge was that only the ‘Pro Just World’ factor and significantly correlated with blaming the poor. Blaming the poor was significantly correlated with blaming Third World governments.
CAMPING AND CHILD ABUSE
Authors: Groves David L.
Published: May 2006

Child abuse is one of the growing problems with most institutions. There has been little research completed to ascertain the nature of the problem in camping. Preliminary results suggest that camps are a unique environment because the child is away from home and vulnerable. Special
care is needed in this environment.
GENDER SCHEMATIC PARAPRAXES IN THE ARTICULATED THOUGHTS OF EX-SMOKERS
Authors: Haaga David A. F.
Published: May 2006

The Articulated Thoughts during Simulated Situations (ATSS) para digm for cognitive assessment may be useful for identifying gender schematic information processing. In a study of smoking relapse, several ex-smokers articulated thoughts indicating that they mistook the gender of audiotaped
actors whose roles violated sex role stereotypes. The same speakers were never misidentified when portraying more traditional roles. Discussion focused on (a) the possible utility of this finding for research on Gender Schema Theory, and (b) the value of open-ended cognitive assessment methods
such as ATSS for enhancing the likelihood of serendipitous findings.
INTELLIGENCE IN CHINA
Authors: Lynn Richard
Published: May 2006

Studies of the intelligence of' Oriental peoples in Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and the United States have typically reported slightly higher mean IQs than those of British and American Caucasoids. Recently results have become available for a standardization of Raven's
Standard Progressive Matrices in the People's Republic of China. The results show that Chinese 6–15 year-olds obtain a mean IQ of 102.1 in relation to an American Caucasoid standard of 100.
SEX-ROLE DEVELOPMENT IN SINGLE PARENT HOUSEHOLDS
Authors: Russell C. Denise , Ellis Jon B.
Published: May 2006

In order to examine the relationship between sex-role development and number of parents in the home, 129 adolescent age college students (73 women, 56 men) were administered a life history questionnaire and the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (short form) (BSRI). With the sexes combined, 54
individuals were classified as androgynous and 75 as nonandrogynous. As predicted, there was a higher percentage of androgynous individuals who were reared in single-parent households as opposed to “intact” households. These results indicate that the development of an androgynous
sex role has a strong relationship to number of parents in a family, particularly single parent homes in which the mother is the parent. An implication of these results is that parents who model adaptive yet nontraditional roles may play an important role in the healthy development of their
children.
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF MIDCAREER MALE ANGLICAN CLERGY
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Pearson Paul R.
Published: May 2006

Forty male Anglican clergy completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire during mid-career development consultations. The findings that the clergy display elevated neuroticism scores and psychoticism scores no lower than men in general contradict predictions emerging from recent studies
concerned with the relationship between personality and religion and suggest the need for further research.
IS THE AMOUNT OF DEATH INSTINCT CONSTANT AMONG U.S. INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE AREAS: A REPLICATION
Authors: Young Thomas T.
Published: May 2006

Death rates for nonmotor vehicle related accidents, heart disease, and murder were obtained from the U.S. Indian Health Service for all 11 health service areas. In contrast to predictions derived from Tabachnick and Klugman's hypothesis that the amount of death instinct per capita
in different regions should be constant, no statistically significant negative correlations were found, for these three variables. These findings replicate results, from earlier studies using Native and non-Native American populations.
INGLEHART'S SILENT REVOLUTION THESIS: AN EXAMINATION OF LIFE-CYCLE EFFECTS IN THE ACQUISITION OF POSTMATERIALIST VALUES
Authors: Pfeiffer Martin , Côté James
Published: May 2006

Ronald Inglehart, a political scientist, argues that a “silent revolution” is taking place whereby Western publics are becoming increasingly “postmaterialistic” (endorsing values such as self-expression, aesthetics, and belonging) and less “materialistic”
(endorsing values related to economic and security concerns). In this paper we examine Inglehart's reasons for rejecting the possibility that human development factors might play a role in this value shift. Utilizing the work of Erik Erikson, it is argued that the degree to which individuals
experience the identity crisis is a predictor of the degree to which they endorse postmaterialist values. Data collected on two samples support the hypothesis that certain developmental factors may be playing a role in the “silent revolution”.
EMOTIONAL ABUSE AMONG THE ELDERLY: AFFECTING BEHAVIOR VARIABLES
Authors: Peretti Peter O. , Majecen Kris G.
Published: May 2006

Abuse of the elderly can take many forms, and the most insidious is emotional abuse. The purpose of the present study was to determine some of the behavior variables affecting emotional abuse among the elderly. It examined the variables based on the perceptions of the elderly subjected
to emotional abuse. Results suggested nine most frequently stated behavior variables of emotional abuse among the elderly: lack of attention, lack of affection, neglect, derogatory naming, demeaning commentary, exploitation, threats of violence, loud talking, and confinement.
THE RELATION OF ACCEPTANCE-REJECTION TO SOCIAL SCHEMATA AND KINETIC FAMILY DRAWINGS
Authors: Rabinowitz Aaron
Published: May 2006

One hundred and forty-nine 5th-grade boys and girls were administered a set of social schemata figures, including both dyad and family configurations in a variation of Kuethe's Felt Figure Replacement Technique. They were also asked to draw a Kinetic Family Drawing. The hypothesis
that accepted children will place and draw themselves closer to other figures than will rejected children was not supported. The data did, however, indicate that acceptance-rejection is a more crucial factor for girls than for boys. A puzzling finding in the KFD was analyzed. The hypothesis
that girls place and draw themselves closer to other figures than do boys was supported, but only for the accepted group, not for the rejected group. The data wre compared to those from research involving aggressive and nonaggressive boys. It is apparent that peer acceptance-rejection is not
equivalent to peer aggression-nonaggression.
LONELINESS AMONG PORTUGUESE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Neto Félix
Published: May 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometrics characteristics of the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale with Portuguese adolescents. Adolescents from the public schools of Porto were presented with the UCLA Loneliness Scale, with the Self-Consciousness Scale, with the Clinical
Self-Concept Inventory, and also responded to some additional questions. The Loneliness Scale proved satisfactory on various criteria with adolescents. No gender and sociocultural differences were found. A negative correlation was found with public self-consciousness, total self-concept and
their dimensions, and self-rated physical attractiveness. Positive correlations were found with social anxiety and shyness. The psychological variables that best predicted loneliness were happiness, social anxiety, social acceptance and public self-consciousness. The factorial structure of
the UCLA Loneliness Scale tended to support the multidimensionality of the scale. The obtained results provided evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the scale with Portuguese adolescents.
PLAYING GAMES BEFORE AN AUDIENCE: SOCIAL FACILITATION OR CHOKING
Authors: Kimble Charles E. , Rezabek Jeffery S.
Published: May 2006

This study examined video game performance under audience scrutiny to see if social facilitation or choking effects would be obtained. Social facilitation theory suggests that good players would do better and poor players would do worse under audience pressure and that all players would
do better on a simple or maximizing game and worse on a complex or optimizing game under audience pressure. Choking research indicates that audience pressure would produce poorer performance on both games. College student players played either a simple game, Pinball, or a complex game, Tetris,
unobserved and then as the experimenter watched. Results showed that good players performed worse and bad players played better on the simple game under audience pressure. All participants played worse under audience pressure on the complex game. The choking approach accounts for these results
better than social facilitation theory does.
THE EFECTS OF INGROUP-OUTGROUP MEMBERSHIP ON MINORITY INFLUENCE WHEN GROUP MEMBERSHIP IS DETERMINED BY A TRIVIAL CATEGORIZATION
Authors: Martin Robin
Published: May 2006

Two experiments are reported which investigate the influence of ingroup and outgroup minority influence where group membership was determined according to a trivial dimension. The results of the first experiment replicate an earlier study and show that an ingroup minority has significantly
more influence than an outgroup minority. In the second study the connotations associated with membership of the ingroup and outgroup (positive/negative) were experimentally manipulated. When ingroup/outgroup membership was associated with a positive/negative image respectively,
the ingroup minority had the most influence. However, when ingroup/outgroup membership was associated with a negative/positive image, as predicted, an outgroup minority had more influence than an ingroup minority. These results are interpreted as supporting an intergroup analysis of
minority influence processes.
LOCUS OF CONTROL AND SELF-REPORTED PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AMONG NATIVE AMERICANS
Authors: Young Thomas J.
Published: May 2006

For 53 Native American college students positive, moderate Pearson correlation coefficients were found for scores from the Nowicki-Strickland Internal Locus of Control Scale and the Anxiety and Depression subscales and the Global Severity Index from the Brief Symptom Inventory. These
findings, in contrast to previous research with black college men, suggest a relationship between locus of control and self-reported psychopathology for a sample of nonwhite subjects.
SELF CONCEPT: A STUDY OF MARSH'S SELF DESCRIPTION QUESTIONNAIRE (SDQ-2)
Authors: Lennings C. J. , Lawler J. R.
Published: May 2006

Self concept is treated as a multi-dimensional construct by Marsh in his development of the SDQ-2. In general the SDQ-2 appears as a reliable instrument with good predictive validity both for its subscales and total self concept score.
COLOR PREFERENCE OF DSM-III-R BIPOLARS AND NORMAL CONTROLS
Authors: Fernando M. L. D. , Cernovsky Z. Z. , Harricharan R.
Published: May 2006

The value of color preference as a diagnostic sign was examined by comparing the data of manics, schizophrenics, and normal controls. The rank-order of preference for 8 color cards (blue, green, red, yellow, purple, brown, black, and grey) was determined for a group of 14 bipolar patients
(diagnosed by DSM‐III- R) all of which currently showed manic symptoms and who also fulfilled the ICD-9 criteria for affective psychosis. The same data were obtained from 20 ICD-9 schizophrenics and from 29 normal controls (factory workers and psychiatric nurses). The analyses of variance
showed no significant differences (p .05) between the 3 groups with respect to preference for any of the 8 colors. Clinicians are cautioned against the use of Luescher's Color Test as a diagnostic tool.
LINKING CAUSAL ATTRIBUTIONS AND INHIBITORY PROCESSES
Authors: Joseph Stephen , Kuyken Willem
Published: May 2006

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between causal attributions and self-controlling behavior in adults following a negative event. More internal, stable, and global causal attributions were associated with greater self-controlling behavior even with concurrent
depressive symptoms partialled out. The implications for a model of attribution - inhibition are discussed.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PUNISHMENT, DAMAGE, AND IN TENT TO HARM IN THE INCARCERATED: AN INFORMATION INTEGRATION APPROACH
Authors: Przygotski Nathalie , Mullet Etienne
Published: May 2006

Rules of moral judgment implemented by individuals who had committed unlawful acts and served prison terms were compared with rules implemented by individuals without prison records for the same judgment situations. The rules concerned a situation in which two pieces of information
were provided: information on the severity of the act committed and information on intent of the person who committed the act. The subjects were asked to use this information to judge the degree of deserved punishment. There appear to be no fundamental differences in integration patterns between
subjects with and without prison records. In both cases, Damage and Intent (only if demonstrated) are generally taken into account simultaneously and integrated in an additive fashion. The only important difference is, as predicted, in the lesser degree of importance assigned to the intent
factor in subjects with prison records; as a consequence, these subjects tend to attribute less severe punishment in general.
THE HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE: HOMOGENEITY OF THE SUBSCALES
Authors: Andersson Egil
Published: May 2006

The H.A.D.-scale was originally used as a screening test for assessing the presence of clinically significant degrees of anxiety and depression. It has also been used as a measuring instrument outside hospital care. The main questions in this study are: l) Do the test items fit a sample
of non-clinical persons? 2) Are the two subscales of Depression and Anxiety homogeneous? In total 163 persons answered the questionnaire. Two factor analyses are reviewed, a two factor solution and a four factor solution. The two factor solution did not split the items in the way
originally intended. A four factor analysis with three interpreted factors gave a better solution. The analysis leads us to recommend great caution when interpreting the H.A.D.-scale, especially when used in a population outside of hospital care.
CORRELATES OF SOCIALLY RESTRICTIVE AND AUTHORITARIAN ATTITUDES TOWARD MENTAL PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Morrison M. , De Man A. F. , Drumheller A.
Published: May 2006

Ninety-two university students (55 women; 37 men) participated in a study of the relationship between authoritarian and socially restrictive attitudes toward mental patients and the variables of trait -anxiety, self-esteem, locus of control, age, and gender. Results of multivariate
analyses showed that individuals who score high in authoritarianism tend to be young, male, and believers in chance and fate (external locus of control). A similar pattern was found for social restrictiveness.
SELF-ESTEEM AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE ELDERLY
Authors: Cheung Chau-Kiu , Lee Iik-Joen , Chan Cheung-Ming
Published: May 2006

Deriving from scapegoat theory, the linkage between one's self-esteem and perceptions of elderly people is hypothesized. The relationship was tested with a random sample of 240 Hong Kong Chinese. Results show that a person who is higher in self-esteem is more likely to perceive
elderly people as socially and psychologically adjusted, but physically incompetent. All the three relationships can be explained by scapegoat theory. Accordingly, one projects both positive and negative images on elderly people in order to defend one's self, or relieve one's own
blameworthiness.
BIRTH ORDER, FAMILY SIZE, AND SCHIZOPHRENIC SYMPTOMS
Authors: Cernovsky Zack Z. , O'Reilly Richard L. , Landmark Johan A.
Published: May 2006

We examined the statistical relationships of position in the birth order and number of siblings to symptoms relevant for diagnosing schizophrenia and to various socioeconomic and socioanamnestic variables in a Canadian sample of 107 schizophrenics diagnosed using the DSM-III criteria.
Using the criterion of statistical significance of p. < 01 (2-tailed), there were only three significant relationships, all of which were weak (r. < 35), and none of which involved birth-order. Those patients with more siblings less often reported ideas of reference but more frequently
reported problems with an excessively slow flow of thoughts and problems concentrating and they also responded better to fluphenazine treatment.
TERMINOLOGY AND SOCIAL RELEVANCE IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON GENDER
Authors: Beckwith J. B.
Published: May 2006

While the feminization of psychology seems remote, socially relevant research is relatively achievable. In the present paper, terminology is initially reviewed, and distinctions are drawn between concepts of sex, gender, and sexuality. Traditional areas of psychological activity in
relation to gender differences, gender identity, gender stereotypes, gender and sexuality are noted, and issues of social relevance are highlighted. Possibilities for socially relevant research include investigation of power differences, the subjective experience of oppression, objectification
of women's bodies, and the pattern of connections and disconnections between sex, gender, sexuality, and position on feminism.
AGING AND ADMINISTRATION IN ACADEMIC PSYCHOLOGISTS
Authors: Horner Karen L. , Murray Harry G. , Philippe Rushton J.
Published: May 2006

A positive relation between age and volume of administrative responsibility was found in a sample of 96 academic psychologists who had held faculty appointments for 1 to 23 years. In cross-sectional analyses, age correlated positively with number of committee seats occupied (weighted
according to importance), with an average r = .33. A trend analysis showed a significant linear increase in administrative responsibility over time.
PROJECTED FAMILY STRUCTURE BY MODERN JAPANESE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Hatta Takeshi
Published: May 2006

Using Hatta's Doll Location Test, family structures of Japanese adolescents were examined. Students and their parents were asked to present their actual and ideal family structures by means of pinning down miniature dolls representing family members. There was a gender difference
in the case of students projection in dyadic distance between self and parents. The dyadic distances between male students and each parent were largely similar; however, in the case of female students, dyadic distance between self and mother was closer than between self and father. The dyadic
distances between spouses varied depending on who represented the father and mother.
WIVES' RELATIONSHIPS WITH FOOD AND PATTERNS OF FAMILY DISTRESS
Authors: Keith Pat M. , Schafer Robert B. , Schafer Elisabeth
Published: May 2006

Using a framework of efficacy and commitment, this research investigated whether food-related activities and attitudes were significant enough in the lives of women to differentiate among four patterns of family distress (distressed, undistressed, wife-distressed, and husband-distressed
families). Data from personal interviews with 155 women indicated efficacy in food preparation, time spent at work, and control over personal eating differentiated among patterns of family distress.
CROSS-CULTURAL QUALITY OF LIFE: JAPANESE AND AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Keith Kenneth D. , Yamamoto Makoto , Okita Noriko , Schalock Robert L.
Published: May 2006

The Quality of Student Life Questionnaire (QSLQ) was used to collect data on 946 students in eight colleges and universities in Japan and the United States. A series of 2 × 2 × 2 analyses of variance on total scores and four factors (Sa tisfaction, Competence/Productivity,
Independence, and Social Belonging) were completed, comparing scores by gender, type of school (four-year vs. two-year) and nationality.For total quality of life scores, main effects were found for country (American scores were higher) and type of school (scores were higher for four-year
colleges). Analysis of factor scores showed main effects for country (higher scores for American students) on all factors except Independence. These results are discussed in the context of differing cultural values and assumptions. Japanese and American views vary considerably, for example,
on such issues as individuality, the role of groups, and perception of self. These differences must be considered in interpretation of cross-cultural findings.
UNFAVORABLE OUTCOMES OF THE IDENTITY CRISIS AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS INFLUENCED BY ENFORCED ACCULTURATION
Authors: Peretti Peter O. , Wilson Tweetie T.
Published: May 2006

Adolescents face an identity crisis which needs to be favorably resolved in order for the individuals to become independent, effective adults; unfavorable resolution leads to confusion of ones adult sense of identity. African-American adolescents have a particularly complex task attempting
favorable resolution due to enforced acculturation with views and concerns relating to American history, culture, educational systems, religious institutions, science, philosophy, literature, politics and law, which have little association with African backgrounds. African cultural artifacts
and mentifacts would tend to facilitate a more favorable outcome of the identity crisis among African-American adolescents.
EFFECTS OF PROHIBITIVE AND INFORMATIVE JUDICIAL INSTRUCTIONS ON JURY DECISIONMAKING
Authors: Shaw Jerry I. , Skolnick Paul
Published: May 2006

A study was conducted to determine the extent to which jurors follow judicial instructions. Based upon Brehm's (1966) theory of psychological reactance, it was hypothesized that prohibitive judicial instructions will not be adhered to as well as similar instructions formulated
in a more informative tone. The reactive effects of prohibitive instructions were predicted to be exaggerated when an irrelevant defendant characteristic such as race was an issue. Three hundred and sixteen mock jurors read one of four versions of a hypothetical criminal case varying the type
of instructions (prohibitive or informative) and race of defendant (white or black) and rendered both individual judgments and jury verdicts on the case. Results confirmed that juries reacted against prohibitive instructions but more closely followed informative instructions. It was also found
that individual jurors were harsher toward white than black defendants, however, group discussion effectively eliminated this reverse racism bias.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALE TO MEASURE PSYCHOSOCIAL REACTION ASSOCIATED WITH THE APPROACHABILITY OF FAMILY PRACTICE CONSULTATIONS
Authors: Hackett Paul M.W. , Jacobson Lionel D.
Published: May 2006

The paper reports the development of a 17 item questionnaire to measure the approachability of family practice consultations. Approachability is selectively taken to be a function of the ability to make an appointment and as a perception of whether the family doctor is open and approachable.
One hundred and six users of family practice services, were approached on an opportunity basis and completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis and reliability analysis demonstrated the instrument to be structured by three significant factors. The factors were labelled ‘the doctor’,
‘the consultation environment’ and ‘emotions’. The questionnaire is subject to further development to allow its wider use to gauge the effects of individual consultations on patients.
COUNTERFEIT INTIMACY: A DRAMATURGICAL ANALYSIS OF AN EROTIC PERFORMANCE
Authors: Sijuwade Philip O.
Published: May 2006

Observation of customer - waitress interaction in a topless club over a two and one half month period are presented. Data was generated by a participant-observer who worked as a waitress-dancer in a topless club during this period. Analysis focuses on the setting, appearance and manner
of the “cynical performance” (Goffman, 1959), orchestrated by the waitress through which she uses nudity and nude dancing to stimulate the fantasies of her patrons, and thereby creates “counterfeit intimacy”, (Boles and Garbin, 1987). The overriding goal of the club
and the waitress-dancers is to make money through the sale of alcohol and table dances; customer goals are to have a ”sexual experience” (not necessarily intercourse), of some sort. Various “ploys” enacted by both customers and waitresses, are analyzed, with the ultimate
goal of these ploys being to enhance the effectiveness of the “counterfeit intimacy” contrived by both parties. Conclusions suggest that all forms of “counterfeit” can be studied as sources of benefits for people whose expectations have not been met by legitimate institutions,
and that rationality in performance is maximised in performances explicitly designed to he counterfeit.
BASKING IN REFLECTED GLORY, CUTTING OFF REFLECTED FAILURE, AND CUTTING OFF FUTURE FAILURE: THE IMPORTANCE OF GROUP IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Wann Daniel L. , Hamlet Michael A. , Wilson Tony M. , Hodges Joan A.
Published: May 2006

Although a large amount of research has investigated the indirect impression management tactics of basking in reflected glory and cutting off reflected failure, none had investigated the potential importance of group identification. Study 1 of the current research tested the prediction
that persons maintaining their association with an unsuccessful group would be higher in group identification than those not associating with the group. This prediction was supported. However, contrary to expectations, persons belonging to a successful group were less likely than those belonging
to an unsuccessful group to publicly announce their association. It was believed that those identified with the successful group believed that the group may experience failure at a later date and thus, were more concerned about protecting their future ego than enhancing their current ego.
This new impression management tactic, labeled cutting off future failure, was documented in Study 2. Discussion centers on the implications of the current research for past work on impression management.
SEX, SEX-ROLE SELF-CONCEPTS AND CAREER DECISION MAKING SELF-EFFICACY AMONG ARAB STUDENTS
Authors: Abdalla Ikhlas A.
Published: May 2006

The present study was done to explore the relationships of sex and sex-role self-concepts with career decision-making self-efficacy expectations (CDMSE). A set of questionnaires was administered to three samples of Arab college students, which consisted of 95 Qatari men, 145 Qatari
women and 89 Kuwaiti women. Results indicated that sex had a negligible effect on career decision-making self-efficacy, and instrumental (masculine) attributes had a considerably stronger positive relationship with career decision-making self-efficacy than expressive (feminine) attributes.
In the three samples under study, androgynous and masculine self-concepts scored higher on career decision-making self-efficacy than undifferentiated self-concepts. Among Qatari men and Kuwaiti women, but not Qatari women, androgynous and masculine self-concepts were superior to feminine self-concepts.
Results and implications are discussed in the context of Arab sociopolitical environment.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SELF-HANDICAPPING: REGARDLESS OF ACADEMIC OR SOCIAL COMPETENCE IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Dietrich Dorothee
Published: May 2006

Research fairly consistently shows that men self-handicap more than women. This study investigated whether this gender difference depends on the particular domain of the task in which the women and men engage. To set the stage for self-handicapping, the 40 male and 40 female participants
were provided with non-contingent success feedback about their performance on a task which they were told was reflective of their general academic ability or their social competence. In a 2×2 between-subjects design the ex post facto variable of gender was factorially combined with the
independent variable of performance implication, either academic ability or social competence. It was predicted that men would be most likely to self-handicap when the task was described as reflective of their academic abilities whereas the women would engage in self-handicapping when the
task was described as reflective of their social competence. Contrary to this prediction, this study showed that men self-handicapped more than women regardless of the implications of the task.
RESIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IRAQI AGGRESSION ON KUWAITI CHILDREN
Authors: Al-Shatti Adnan
Published: May 2006

This study investigated the effects of Iraqi aggression on the feeling and thought processes of Kuwaiti children. An Arabic version of the Impact of Event Scale (Horowhitz et al., 1979) was administered to 465 school children (195 boys and 270 girls) between 10 and 16 years of age.
The results indicate that a subjective stress syndrome still persists in the thought and feeling processes of Kuwaiti children although in much lower degree than the Lebanese children as found by Al-Adsani (1990). Girls showed more stress reactions than boys.
THE EFFECTS OF POLITICAL ORIENTATION ON ATTRIBUTIONS OF COWORKER SUCCESS/FAILURE
Authors: Valle Matthew
Published: May 2006

This paper explores the field of organizational politics and its application to worker attributions for coworker performance outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that worker awareness of political behaviors among their coworkers may provide additional informational cues
for the attributions they form for coworker success/failure. It is proposed in this paper that individuals maintain an orientation toward political activity, and that orientation is a source of information for the determination of cause.
SYMPATHY AND ALTRUISM IN RESPONSE TO DISASTERS: A DUTCH AND CANADIAN COMPARISON
Authors: den Ouden Marieke D. , Russell Gordon W.
Published: May 2006

Subjects (N = 343) were students at a Dutch and Canadian university who provided ratings of sympathy and financial assistance for victims of ten international disasters. Canadian subjects expressed greater sympathy and gave more money from a personal windfall than did Dutch subjects.
Females overall expressed greater sympathy, although males and females provided equal amounts of assistance.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PARTNER SYNCHRONY INVENTORY FOR COUPLE THERAPY
Authors: Kahans Daniel , Krupinski Jerzy , Wilson Christine
Published: May 2006

Conflict in relationships caused Wingrove Cottage Community Clinic to use in couple therapy and then further develop, the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS; Edwards, 1959). The development addressed the length of the original questions and the limitations of self-reporting
tests by creating a comparison of personal, partner, ideal and remake of partner perceptions. This obvious and concise inventory was called the Marital Synchrony Inventory (MSI) which allowed for comparison of discrepancies between subjects self, partner, ideal and remake perceptions by using
the 15 personality variables of the EPPS with a written description of what each word meant. A significant correlation between both instruments provided the impetus to further improve and condense the MSI through factorizing the 15 items. This was effected and 3 factors emerged and were called
Authoritativeness, Empathy and Compliance. This condensed version of the MSI was called the Partner Synchrony Inventory (PSI) to be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic benefit of the client. This instrument will be usable by therapists for all heterosexual, homosexual and relational couples.
The PSI is now available as a userfriendly computer-aided test for use by therapists.
THE PROTECTIVE STYLE QUESTIONNAIRE: SELFPROTECTIVE MECHANISMS AMONG STIGMATIZED ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Hillman Stephen B. , Wood Paula C. , Sawilowsky Shlomo S.
Published: May 2006

Crocker and Major (1989) hypothesized three mechanisms by which members of stigmatized groups may protect self-esteem. The mechanisms are: a) ingroup social comparisons, b) valuing/devaluing performance selectively, and c) racial prejudice. We provide a test of Crocker and Major's
hypothesized mechanisms with the development of the Protective Style Questionnaire which was administered to a sample of 78 African-American adolescents. Evidence of high internal consistency reliability (about .86) and factor loadings support the orthogonality of the three mechanisms.
Results showed varying levels of endorsement of each mechanism.
CORRELATES OF ATTITUDES TOWARD THE APPLICATION OF EUGENICS TO THE TREATMENT OF PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
Authors: Ouimet J. , de Man A. F.
Published: May 2006

Eighty-five Canadian men and women ranging in age from 19 to 74 yrs participated in a study of the relationship between personal characteristics and attitudes toward the application of eugenics to the treatment of people with intellectual disabilities. The personal characteristics included
gender, age, self-esteem, locus of control, level of education, level of sophistication, and trait-anxiety. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that eugenic attitudes were primarily found in men of limited education, who had elevated trait-anxiety, and who believed that they
were personally in control, yet also claimed that life is a random series of events controlled by chance or fate.
A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALCOHOL USE AND SPORT FANDOM
Authors: Wann Daniel L.
Published: May 2006

The current research examined the relationship between level of sport fandom (operationally defined as the degree subjects considered themselves to be a sport fan, the amount of money they spent each year on sport spectating, and the amount of time they spent each week reading about,
discussing, watching, or listening to sport programs) and the consumption of beer and liquor. Data collected from 180 college students failed to find any significant relationships.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY DISORDER SYMPTOMS AND NEGATIVE SELF-STATEMENTS IN NORMAL CHILDREN
Authors: Muris Peter , Merckelbach Harald , Mayer Birgit , Snieder Nienke
Published: May 2006

The current study examined the relationship between anxiety disorder symptoms and negative self-statements in a sample of normal children (N=119). Children were asked to complete the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and the Negative Affect Self-Statement
Questionnaire (NASSQ). Results showed that, in normal children, there is a positive relationship between anxiety disorder symptoms, as indexed by the SCARED, and negative self-statements, as measured by the NASSQ. In particular, anxious self-statements were more often present in children who
exhibited relatively high levels of anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, depressive and anxiousdepressive self-statements were found to be positively associated with the presence of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and panic disorder.
APPLYING THE THEORY OF REASONED ACTION TO CONDOM USE AMONG SEX WORKERS
Authors: Sneed Carl D. , Morisky Donald E.
Published: May 2006

Behavioral intervention and education have been widely acknowledged as holding the greatest promise for slowing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study assessed the relationship between constructs from the Theory of Reasoned Action on condom use in a sample
of 1394 Filipina sex workers. Path analysis for observed variables was used to examine the relationship between attitudes, norms and behavioral intentions on behaviors. All constructs were operationalized within the context of condom use during vaginal sex. Attitudes and norms were found to
be predictive of behaviors as mediated through behavioral intentions supporting the validity of the theory of reasoned action. Implications for the development and focus of HIV preventative interventions are discussed.