bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering Traditions in 1 Corinthians 11:2-16
Authors: Marshall Jill E.
Published: February 2019

One of Paul’s most notoriously difficult arguments begins with praise that the Corinthians have kept the “traditions” just as he “handed over” to them (1 Cor 11:2). Paul does not mention “traditions” after this verse, but this introduction suggests that they play a role in his argument. This essay demonstrates how traditions are part of the rhetorical argumentation of 1 Cor 11:2-16. Paul does not strictly recite teachings that his audience knows but changes them by addition or reformulation. Two modified traditions, in 11:3 and 11:11-12, formulate different perspectives on the relationship between men and women: first, hierarchical, and second, interdependent. The essay proceeds in three parts: discussion of Paul’s παράδοσις language, rhetorical analysis of 1 Cor 11:2-16, and proposal for the two “traditions” and their function in 11:3 and 11:11-12.
Erasmus’ Novum Testamentum of 1519
Authors: de Jonge Henk Jan
Published: February 2019

Erasmus’ Novum Testamentum of 1519 is an improved and enlarged edition of his Novum Instrumentum of 1516. The chief component remained his new version of the NT in more cultivated Latin than that of the Vulgate. But the 1519 edition also includes several Greek paratexts not yet printed in 1516. This article discusses the Greek witnesses which were used for the new edition and points out Greek and Latin readings in which it differs from 1516. The importance of the 1519 Novum Testamentum is that it constitutes the consolidation of Erasmus’ humanistic programme for promoting the study of the NT as an essentially philological discipline. The work is Erasmus’ self-confident vindication of this programme against advocates of the Vulgate and scholastic theology.
Morphology and postnatal ontogeny of the dentition of Chthonerpeton indistinctum (Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae)
Authors: Chuliver Mariana , Scanferla Agustín
Published: February 2019

The gross morphology, histology and postnatal ontogeny of the dentition of the viviparous and direct-developing typhlonectid Chthonerpeton indistinctum were described and compared with other caecilian species. C. indistinctum exhibited the typical pedicellated condition present in lissamphibians, with a conical monocuspid crown. Our histological analysis demonstrated that the tissue joining crown and pedicel was formed by two bands (internal and external), whereas the external band circumvented the complete periphery of the tooth junction. Likely this condition was not described for another gymnophionan species. In viviparous and some oviparous caecilians, dentition changes radically during ontogeny. Thus, there is a foetal dentition arranged in multiple rows of teeth (i.e. tooth patch), which is replaced by single tooth rows in neonate or juvenile individuals. Details of dentition in the lower jaw of neonate specimens are firstly reported for C. indistinctum herein, adding another member of Typhlonectidae. In some slightly larger specimens the foetal tooth patch on the lower jaw coexisted with a lingual row of the adult-type teeth, indicating that replacement of foetal dentition in the lower jaw did not take place just after birth. The number of teeth, a character widely employed among caecilian species descriptions, varies during postnatal ontogeny. Hence, we concluded that at least for typhlonectid caecilians, tooth number should not be considered as a character with a strong taxonomic value without considering the intraspecific ontogenetic variation. An extensive survey exploring the relationship between body length and tooth count becomes necessary to test the usefulness of tooth counts in species diagnosis.
Maternal protectiveness is negatively associated with infant handling in wild Japanese macaques
Authors: Sekizawa Maisa , Kutsukake Nobuyuki
Published: February 2019

Infant handling by a non-mother is common in many primate species. Despite the requirement of a triadic relationship among handler, mother, and infant, previous studies of infant handling have focused on characteristics of handler or interactions between mother and handler. In this study, we examined the influence of the mother–infant relationship (i.e., maternal style) on the frequency with which wild Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) infants were handled. We analysed behavioural data collected during 3 consecutive years and found that maternal style was characterised by three principal components: infant activity, rejection, and non-protectiveness. Infants who were less active and whose mothers were less protective received more frequent handling. These effects were particularly evident when handlers were thought to have less access to the infant. These complex interactions within the triadic relationship suggest that maternal style constrains the occurrence of infant handling in group-living primates.
The Gender-Representation Gap in Radical Right Parties: Is There Any Contagion Effect from Parties with Small Gaps?
Authors: Högström John
Published: February 2019

This study is about women’s political participation in times of increased influence from radical right parties. The gender-representation gap in the Swedish radical right party, the Sweden Democrats, is examined. A reformulated contagion theory is tested using three hypotheses. To test the hypotheses, a large-N study of all of Sweden’s municipalities is conducted. The results show that a large gender-representation gap exists in the Sweden Democrats party compared with that in the other main parties, and the gap has a negative effect on the total level of female representation in the municipal councils. However, the gap and the negative effect are decreasing over time in relation to the other main parties, which supports the hypotheses and the reformulated contagion theory.
Strategic Curiosity: A Way to Awaken Awareness of a Common Future
Authors: Misztal Barbara A.
Published: February 2019

Intellectual strategies change in response to broader socio-political transformations of the world and the development of new means of communication. In today’s complex and fragmented intellectual landscape, public intellectuals perform various functions and conceive different strategies. As traditional public intellectuals are finding it much harder to argue with authority, thought leaders, or new for-profit thinkers linked to ideologically driven think tanks, are getting new visibility. Yet another group, the ‘new intellectuals’, who in contrast to traditional public intellectuals housed at the university are detached from its institutional structures, contributes to the non-academic culture of criticism of neo-liberalism. As these three groups are not engaged in meaningful conversations, a work on the restoration of the severed links between wonder at the world and the imagination to think beyond the present is neglected. In the hope that all three groups of today’s intellectuals, despite their different values and styles, can still place curiosity at the core of their strategies, this paper argues that primarily it should be a task of the traditional public intellectual to awaken people’s awareness of a common future. It concludes that to re-empower the traditional public intellectual, there is a need to prevent modern universities from becoming places with little room for curiosity.
Public Opinion and Morality Policy: Lessons from Canada and the United States
Authors: Schwartz Mildred A. , Tatalovich Raymond
Published: February 2019

To clarify why research examining the responsiveness of governments to public opinion produces mixed results, the authors focus on issues involving contested moral values that are known to be highly salient to the public and hence more likely to be linked to public policy. Canada and the United States, where the same issues have emerged, allow them to isolate the factors resulting in majoritarian congruence, where policies follow public opinion. The authors attribute finding even less congruence than previous research to the dominance of the courts in ruling on morality issues, although they also find a greater role for the legislature in Canada. The authors raise the possibility that the very salience of the issues inhibited political action from conflict-avoidant politicians.
Interconnection of Class and Race with Capitalism
Authors: Brabec Martin
Published: February 2019

This article focuses on the interconnection of class and race with capitalism. First it presents a definition of capitalism and its attitude towards civil statuses and exploitation. Secondly, it analyzes the origins of racism in capitalism despite its emphasis on freedom and equality, and its indifference to the social identities of the people it exploits. Consequently, it examines racial oppression as a strategy for capitalist control of the laboring class. In the end it focuses on the very important distinction between oppression and exploitation. These distinct relations also have very different impact on the behavior of social agents and groups, their life opportunities and forms of social conflict. If we want to understand how racial hierarchies reproduce capitalist class relations, we have to understand the basic requirements of class relations and capitalist reproduction itself.
The Alt-Right as a Revolt against Neoliberalism and Political Correctness: the Role of Collective Action Frames
Authors: Esposito Luigi
Published: February 2019

This article addresses how the alt-right has developed its guiding principles or “collective action frames” in opposition to two hegemonic ideologies: neoliberalism and political correctness. Two central points are made. First, calls among many alt-righters for white Americans to regain a sense of racial identity and “white pride” is effectively a rebellion against neoliberal market forces that erode tribal loyalties, national boundaries, and cultural uniqueness by encouraging open borders, multiculturalism, and individualistic forms of agency associated with competition and consumerism. Second, the challenge to white identitarianism by neoliberal globalization is compounded by an ideology of political correctness that, although at odds with neoliberalism, has presumably further disempowered whites. Because political correctness emphasizes egalitarianism and how all cultures are equally valuable, any agenda to advance white interests is dismissed as racist and unacceptable. The argument is made that despite their tensions, both neoliberalism and political correctness have inspired alt-right collective action frames related to race realism, anti-egalitarianism, and white genocide. Some reflections are offered about why this discussion is relevant to the present and future of US politics and society.
The War on Drugs in Mexico and Transnational Corporate Control
Authors: Sánchez Martha Idalia Chew
Published: February 2019

This article will explore the links between the extreme violence that Mexico has experienced between 2006 and 2018 during the war on drugs, growing transnational corporate control over land resources, and growing violations of human rights. About a quarter of a million people have been victims of intentional homicide in the war on drugs (Reyna 2018); almost 200,000 have disappeared in what it is known as “killing without trace or blood,” and Mexican people have experienced everyday extortions, kidnapping, and feminicide. Very few Mexicans have not been impacted by this war, directly or indirectly.
Genetic effects of leptin receptor (LEPR) polymorphism on litter size in a Black Bengal goat population
Authors: Alim M.A. , Hossain M.M.K. , Nusrat J. , Rubaya  , Salimullah M. , Shu-Hong Z. , Alam Jahangir
Published: February 2019

The leptin receptor (LEPR) is involved in central signaling for both energy homeostasis and reproduction. The present study investigates the association of the LEPR gene with the prolificacy of Black Bengal goat. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in intron 3 and one SNP in exon 4 in the LEPR gene were identified by pooled DNA sequencing. The identified SNPs were genotyped by the direct sequencing method from 84 Black Bengal does. A synonymous mutation (Lysine > Lysine) was found as a polymorphism in exon 4. The effects of the different genotypes on litter size traits were estimated using linear models. Our results show that goats with heterozygous genotype AG at the loci g.104911A>G and g.105151A>G showed the highest prolificacy performance when compared with the other, homozygous genotypes. Dominance and additive effects were observed at the considered loci. No significant allele substitution effects were found for any locus. Our results indicate preliminarily that LEPR may have some association with prolificacy and could be a candidate gene to improve the prolificacy in goat.
Online Shopping and Consumer Rights in the UAE: Do We Need a Specific Law?
Authors: Dahiyat Emad Abdel Rahim
Published: February 2019

Although e-commerce is growing at a dramatic rate, there are still areas of concern that need to be addressed adequately by the legislation in order to promote trust in e-commerce and remove any barriers to its full development. This paper thus explores the existing legislation in UAE to determine whether or not this legislation gives due attention to consumer protection in an online environment. Furthermore, this paper briefly addresses the issue of what the law ought to be in order to enhance legal certainty as well as maintain the credibility of the Internet as a market place for consumers.
R2P and Refugee Protection: Framing the Responsibility to Protect Prima Facie Refugees Fleeing Mass Atrocity Crimes
Authors: Aldoghmi Hamzah S.
Published: February 2019

Recently, there has been increasing recognition that the Responsibility to Protect principle (R2P) and refugee protection are inextricably linked and conceptually connected. The question remains, however, whether the link between the two protection frameworks can provide a basis for the protection of prima facie refugees fleeing mass atrocity crimes. This article identifies that prima facie refugees have the right to protection irrespective of where they arrive. It finds that the prima facie provision is one that exists under international refugee law and is highly relevant to the R2P principle. R2P facilitates a framework of prima facie protection, but it must include the political and legal norms of R2P and international refugee law. The article argues that expanding the idea of R2P and refugee protection as an interlinked agenda offers a protection-oriented framework to address the protection needs of prima facie refugees fleeing mass atrocity crimes.
The Emergence of Verification (taḥqīq) in Islamic Medicine
Authors: Karimullah Kamran I.
Published: February 2019

In this article, I discuss the legacy of Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s commentary on Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine in Islamic medical commentary after 1100. I argue that Faḫr al-Dīn’s legacy lies in the exegetical practices, the method of verification (taḥqīq) he introduced into Islamic medical scholarship through his commentary on the Canon. I first argue that the features that characterise the method of verification in works such as Faḫr al-Dīn’s commentary on Avicenna’s Pointers and Reminders are present in the commentary on the Canon, even if Faḫr al-Dīn’s introduction to the latter work does not allude to these practices in the way that the introductions to his later works do. Based on an analysis of Galen’s prescription about exegetical best-practice in his Hippocratic commentaries and Muḥammad ibn Zakarīyā al-Rāzī’s (d. ca. 925) introduction to Doubts on Galen, I argue next that Faḫr al-Dīn’s introduction of the verification method into the Islamic medical discourse was a watershed moment in the tradition. I use Ibn al-Quff’s (d. 1286) commentary on the Hippocratic Aphorisms to show how these methods were imitated by later medical commentators. This final section illustrates the enormous exegetical interest that the Canon of Medicine attracted, suggesting other promising trajectories for research into Faḫr al-Dīn’s medical legacy.
La Providence divine (al-ʿināya l-ilāhiyya) comme instrument de la rédemption universelle (ḫalāṣ) dans l’ ismaélisme fatimide et ṭayyibite
Authors: De Smet Daniel
Published: February 2019

Le concept de ʿināya ilāhiyya (“providence divine”) a été introduit dans l’ ismaélisme par le philosophe fatimide Ḥamīd al-Dīn al-Kirmānī, qui l’ a probablement emprunté à al-Fārābī tout en lui donnant un sens spécifiquement ismaélien. Ainsi, dans le Kitāb Rāḥat al-ʿaql, al-Kirmānī présente la providence comme le principe qui régit le monde sensible dans le but d’ actualiser l’ intellect en puissance ou hayūlā, le deuxième émané procédant de l’ auto-intellection de l’ Intellect universel. La providence veille à la rédemption universelle, une notion qui sera pleinement développée dans le Kanz al-walad d’ al-Ḥāmidī, le texte fondateur de l’ ismaélisme ṭayyibite. Proche du manichéisme, al-Ḥāmidī conçoit l’ univers sensible comme une gigantesque machine pilotée par la providence afin de nettoyer les parcelles de lumière souillées au contact avec les ténèbres de la matière, et d’ effacer ainsi les séquelles d’ un drame cosmique primordial.
Reflections on the Japanese influence on some French ceramics, 1866-1886
Authors: d’Albis Laurens , Weisberg Gabriel P.
Published: February 2019

Among major political, economic and intellectual conflicts, a genuine revolution took place in the applied arts during twenty years of the second half of the nineteenth century, notably in French tableware. The discovery of Japanese art coupled with the noticeable pursuit of artistic freedom sparkled intense experimentation and amazing creativity in the production of objects able to meet the wishes of a changing public. After dealing with the concept of Japonisme, this essay proposes to examine what happened within the French manufacture of faience and porcelain between 1866 and 1886.
Is a One Welfare Approach the Key to Addressing Unintended Harms and Maximising Benefits Associated with Animal Shelters?
Authors: Fawcett Anne
Published: February 2019

Animal shelters, pounds and rescue organisations have evolved over time. Today they serve three purposes: to reduce animal welfare harms, to reduce harms to the community associated with free-roaming, stray or unwanted companion animals, and to reduce their associated environmental harms. This discussion explores the evolution of animal shelters, and argues that they are justified on utilitarian grounds. It explores unintended harms of shelters on animal welfare, including humane killing for the purposes of population control and shelter population management, as well as risks associated with confinement including behavioural deterioration and infectious diseases. It also explores harms to non-human animals, including moral distress and compassion fatigue. Finally, it explores potential environmental harms of shelters. The One Welfare concept, utilised in the World Animal Health Organisation (OIE) Global Animal Welfare Strategy, acknowledges the interplay between animal welfare, human well-being and environmental sustainability. It is argued that the One Welfare framework is critical in minimising harms and maximising benefits associated with animal shelters.
Writing about Children for a Public Forum
Authors: Gottlieb Alma
Published: February 2019

Anthropologists researching children’s lives have incredible stories to tell. How might we best tell them in readable ways that will appeal to “ordinary readers” beyond our colleagues and students? In this article, I explore the possibilities of “alternative” ways to write ethnography in general, and the ethnography of children in particular. Given children’s nature, I argue that creative approaches to writing children’s lives are especially appropriate and powerful. In the first section, I consider a variety of adventurous ethnographic writing on assorted topics; in the second section, I discuss some creative approaches to ethnographic writing focused, specifically, on children.
Morphological and molecular evidence of some Minuartia species (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey, with a desciption of a new species
Authors: KOÇ MURAT , HAMZAOĞLU ERGIN , AKSOY AHMET
Published: January 2019

The genus Minuartia is represented in Turkey by 34 taxa. Some interesting specimens were collected from Antalya province, and examined. These specimens resemble Minuartia meyeri, and M. multinervis from which differ by characters (macro-, and micromorphological) of inflorescence, alar pedicels, petals, sepals, capsules and seeds. Moreover, by using the DNA sequences of the ITS genes, phylogenetic relationships between this collected species, and the related species were investigated. As a result of the evaluation of molecular, and morphological data, we proposed to described the population from Antalya as a new species for the science. A description, pictures, distribution, habitat, and IUCN category are given.
Taxonomic novelties, new records, and rare species of desmids from the Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil
Authors: RAMOS GERALDO JOSÉ PEIXOTO , COSTA FABIANA DE MATOS , SANTOS MARIA APARECIDA DOS , MOURA CARLOS WALLACE DO NASCIMENTO
Published: February 2019

We report here taxonomic novelties and interesting records of desmids, including new taxa, rare species and new occurrences, collected at three areas (Piatã, Rio de Contas and Palmeiras) in the Chapada Diamantina region, northeastern Brazil. We identified 16 desmids, including six taxa new to science (Cosmarium diamantinum, Euastrum bicudoi, E. piataense, Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare, M. torreyi var. pseudocurvata, and Tetmemorus furcatus), as well as new records for Brazil (Euastrum subcyclopicum var. elongatum and Euastrum octogibbosum). Taxonomic notes and ecological information are provided.
New tribal placement for the leafhopper genus Evinus Dlabola (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), with description of a new species from China
Authors: LU LIN , ZHANG YALIN , WEBB M. D.
Published: January 2019

The leafhopper genus Evinus Dlabola is formally transferred from Hecalini to Macrostelini (Deltocephalinae) and is reported from China for the first time. One new species from China, E. macrospinus sp. n. is described and a key to species is provided.
Redescription and relationships of Pseudothilmanus Pic (Coleoptera: Rhagophthalmidae)—a long-term neglected glow-worm beetle genus from the Himalayas
Authors: KUNDRATA ROBIN , BOCAK LADISLAV
Published: January 2019

Pseudothilmanus Pic, 1918 is redescribed and two species, P. alatus Pic, 1918 and P. marginatus Pic, 1918, are placed in the genus. The subgenus Drilothilmanus Pic, 1918 is synonymized with the nominotypical genus on the basis of low morphological divergence and redundancy in classification. Pseudothilmanus is newly classified in the family Rhagophthalmidae, in contrast to the original placement in Drilidae. Diagnostic characters for Pseudothilmanus and both species placed within the genus are illustrated.
Synopsis of Zikanita Lane (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)
Authors: MACHADO VANESSA S. , MONNÉ MARCELA L.
Published: January 2019

Lane (1943) proposed the genus Zikanita for Zikanita perpulchra Lane, 1943 from Rio de Janeiro, considering it close to Cosmotomidius Melzer, 1931. Marinoni & Martins (1978) considered Acanthoderes (Trichacanthoderes) Tippmann, 1960 a synonym of Zikanita, and transferred the two species, Z. biocellata (Tippmann, 1960) and Z. argenteofasciata (Tippman, 1960), both described from Peru.
A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from southern Vietnam
Authors: ROWLEY JODI J. L. , LE DUONG THI THUY , TRAN DAO THI ANH , HOANG HUY DUC
Published: January 2019

We describe a new species of small megophryid frog from the Langbian Plateau in southern Vietnam, the southernmost record of Leptolalax from Vietnam. Leptolalax bidoupensis sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of a dark brownish red ventral surface with white speckling on entire ventral surface including throat, arms and legs, small size (23.6–24.6 mm in four adult males and 29.2–29.4 mm in two adult females), bicoloured iris (coppery red upper half, fading to pale silver ventrally), a mostly smooth skin texture with no skin ridges, and relatively short tibia (male TIB:SVL 0.44–0.46). The male advertisement call of the new species, consisting of 6–9 single-pulsed notes with a dominant frequency of 1.9–3.8 kHz, is also unique among Leptolalax species for which calls are known. From the morphologically similar L. applebyi and L. melicus, L. bidoupensis sp. nov. differs by 9.3% and 9.6% sequence divergence at the 16S mtDNA gene. At present, the new species is known from montane evergreen forest between 1620–1730 m elevation, within an area of 1 km 2 . We suggest the species should be considered Data Deficient following IUCN’s Red List categories.
A new genus and species of Cheyletidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata) from citrus trees in Florida
Authors: XIA BIN , KLOMPEN HANS , CHILDERS CARL C.
Published: January 2019

A new genus and species, Lanceacheyla whartoni (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Cheyletidae) is described for the female, male, and teleonymph. All mites were collected from leaves of ‘Hamlin’ orange trees in Florida, U.S.A. Affinities of the new genus within Cheyletidae are discussed.
Chalepogenus roitmani Roig Alsina (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Tapinotaspidini): description of the male and new geographical records for the species
Authors: TORRETTA JUAN PABLO , MARRERO HUGO J. , ALSINA ARTURO ROIG
Published: January 2019

Bees of the genus Chalepogenus Holmberg collect oils offered as a reward by flowers of a few plant families: Iridaceae, Calceolariaceae (formerly included in Scrophulariaceae, see Olmstead et al. 2001), and Solanaceae (Vogel 1974; Cocucci 1991; Roig Alsina 1999; Cocucci et al. 2000; Machado 2004). The oil-collecting structures of these bees are situated on the forebasitarsus and show interspecific variation related to the type of flower they visit (Roig Alsina 1997; Cocucci et al. 2000).
Three new species of Cylloepus Erichson (Insecta: Coleoptera: Elmidae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: SAMPAIO BRUNNO HENRIQUE LANZELLOTTI , DA SILVA DOS PASSOS MARIA INÊS , FERREIRA-JR. NELSON
Published: January 2019

The genus Cylloepus is found in the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions and currently represented by 52 species. Twenty species are recorded from Brazil, and three of them from Rio de Janeiro State. Here three new species of Cylloepus are described—Cylloepus quinquecarinatus sp. nov., Cylloepus nessimiani sp. nov., and Cylloepus friburguensis sp. nov. All were collected in the Rio Macaé Basin, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil.
A new species of Nymphon Fabricius, 1794 (Pycnogonida: Nymphonidae) from northern Spain
Authors: ANNA SOLER-MEMBRIVES , TOMÁS MUNILLA
Published: January 2019

A new species of pycnogonid, Nymphon tricuspidatum, is described from a slope (574–610 m depth) on the NE Atlantic coast. Four males, two females, five juveniles and nine post-larvae were collected with suprabenthic and epibenthic sledges from Le Danois Bank (Bay of Biscay) and the Galician waters. This uniunguiculate and brevitarsal species is defined by the following exclusive features: a tricuspidated ocular tubercle, T-shaped frontal part of the cephalon, lateral implantation of the cheliphores, particular denticulation of the chela fingers, the 4 th palp article smaller than the 5 th , and the presence of 2 or 3 cement gland tubes. These characters distinguish the species from its most similar species Nymphon tubiferum, and the new species is compared to other similar species within the same genus, namely N. caementarum, N. prolatum, N, puellula and N. caldarium.
Eriophyoid mites from Hainan Province, China III: Descriptions of three new genera and three new species of Colomerini (Acari: Eriophyoidea)
Authors: XUE XIAO-FENG , CHENG LI-SHENG , HONG XIAO-YUE
Published: January 2019

Three new genera and three new species in the tribe Colomerini of the Eriophyidae (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from China’s Hainan Island are described and illustrated. They are Paraisoannulus machiles gen. nov. and sp. nov. on Machilus gamblei King ex Hook. f. (Lauraceae), Pentacecidophyes xinglongis gen. nov. and sp. nov. on Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindaceae) and Paracaridilophus retusus gen. nov. and sp. nov. on Fissistigma retusum (Lévl.) Rehd. (Annonaceae). All the new species described herein are vagrants on their respective host plant.
Halacarus socius (Acari: Halacaridae), description of the male and diagnoses of species of the Halacarus actenos group
Authors: BARTSCH ILSE
Published: January 2019

Amongst the about a dozen halacarid species from a shore of Mauritius, the genus Halacarus was represented by a single species, Halacarus socius Bartsch, 1992. The species was once described on the basis of females collected on Moorea, Society Islands, Pacific Ocean, now a description of the male is added and that of the female supplemented. Halacarus socius seems to be wide-spread in the Indo-Pacific region. Halacarus tritoni Otto is a synonym. Halacarus socius is a member of the H. actenos group, a group characterized by the combination: posterior dorsal plate absent in both females and males, ocular plates small or lacking, with or without a cornea, apodemes of anterior and posterior epimeral plates long, female genitoanal plate with rather uniform cerotegumental cover and two pairs of perigenital setae adjacent to the genital opening, one pair (rarely two pairs) of perigenital setae anterior to the genitoanal plate, one or two bipectinate setae on tibia II, no tines on shaft of claws but paired claws often with tines on the accessory process. Species attributed to this group are diagnosed.
Revision of the genus Paraspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym: Figitidae: Aspicerinae)
Authors: ROS-FARRÉ P. , PUJADE-VILLAR J.
Published: January 2019

Paraspicera Kieffer, 1907 is a genus of Aspicerinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) of Nearctic distribution that includes a small number of species. The diagnostic characters to differentiate Paraspicera from other similar genera are described. From the five known species of Paraspicera only P. bakeri Kieffer, 1907 belongs to Paraspicera; the other species are transferred to the genus Aspicera Dahlbom, 1842: A. clarimontis Kieffer rev. status, A. uthaensis Ashmead rev. status, A. foveata (Belizin) n. comb., and A. kerzhneri (Kovalev) n. comb. Paraspicera bakeri is redescribed and a new species is described: P. brandaoi n. sp. The diagnostic characters of both species are illustrated. The genus Heteraspidia Belizin, 1952 is synonymyzed with Aspicera.
A new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from South India
Authors: ANBALAGAN SANKARAPPAN , VIJAYAN SURULIYANDI , DINAKARAN SUNDARAM , KRISHNAN MUTHUKALINGAN
Published: February 2019

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) kumbakkaraiense sp. n. is described based on adults, pupae and mature larvae from Kumbakkarai stream, in the Palani Hills of Western Ghats, South India. This new species is placed in the Simulium batoense species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein. This new species is characterized by a scutum with three brownish-black longitudinal vittae and hind basitarsus in the female 5.3 times as long as wide, and in male the large facets of the upper eye in 13 vertical columns and 14 horizontal rows, the respiratory gill with short common basal in the pupa and postgenal cleft arrow-head-shaped in the larva. Taxonomic notes are provided to distinguish this new species from related species. [Zoobank register: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C575FB25-B6B2-414B-AE11-0468A1871DFA]
Inconsistent Spectral Evolution in Operational Wave Models due to Inaccurate Specification of Nonlinear Interactions
Authors: Ardag Dorukhan , Resio Donald T.
Published: February 2019

The introduction of third-generation (3G) models was based on the premise that wave spectra could evolve without prior shape restrictions only if the representation for nonlinear interactions contained as many degrees of freedom as the discretized spectrum being modeled. It is shown here that a different criterion is needed to accurately represent nonlinear spectral evolution within models, a more rigorous criterion such that the number of degrees of freedom in the nonlinear source term must be equal to the intrinsic number of degrees of freedom in the theoretical form of this source term, which is larger than the degrees of freedom in the spectrum. Evolution of spectral shapes produced by the current approximation for nonlinear interactions in 3G models, the discrete interaction approximation (DIA), is compared to the full integral solution for three different time scales: 1) relaxation of the equilibrium range following a perturbation, 2) spectral evolution of the equilibrium range during an interval of constant winds, and 3) the evolution of spectral shape during transition to swell during propagation over long distances. It is shown that the operational nonlinear source term produces significant deviations in the evolution of the wave spectra at all of these scales because of its parametric reduction of the number of degrees of freedom and incorrect energy flux scaling. It is concluded that the DIA does not meet the critical criterion for allowing a spectrum to evolve to spectral shapes consistent with those observed in nature.
On the Momentum Flux of Internal Tides
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J. , McC. Hogg Andrew
Published: February 2019

The action of the barotropic tide over seafloor topography is the major source of internal waves at the bottom of the ocean. This internal tide has long been recognized to play an important role in ocean mixing. Here it is shown that the internal tide is also associated with a net (domain integrated) momentum flux. The net flux occurs as a result of the Doppler shifting of the internal tide at the point of generation by near-bottom mean flows. Linear theory is presented that predicts the amplitude of the wave momentum flux. The net flux scales with the bottom flow speed and the topographic wavenumber to the fourth power and is directed opposite to the bottom flow. For realistic topography, the predicted peak momentum flux occurs at scales of order 10 km and smaller, with magnitudes of order 10−3–10−2 N m−2. The theory is verified by comparison with a suite of idealized internal wave-resolving simulations. The simulations show that, for the topography considered, the wave momentum flux radiates away from the bottom and enhances mean and eddying flow when the tidal waves dissipate in the upper ocean. Our results suggest that internal tides may play an important role in forcing the upper ocean.
An Optimal Estimation Retrieval Algorithm for Microwave Humidity Sounding Channels with Minimal Scan Position Bias
Authors: Schulte Richard M. , Kummerow Christian D.
Published: February 2019

A flexible and physical optimal estimation-based inversion algorithm for retrieving atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water path from passive microwave radiometers over the global oceans is presented. The algorithm’s main strength lies in its ability to explicitly account for forward model errors that depend on the Earth incidence angle (EIA) at which a given radiometer measurement is made. Validation of total precipitable water (TPW) retrieved from Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) measurements against near-coincident estimates of TPW from SuomiNet GPS ground stations shows that retrieved TPW values agree closely with SuomiNet estimates, and somewhat better than values from the Microwave Integrated Retrieval System that are retrieved from the same MHS instruments. More importantly, it is found that the inclusion of appropriate forward model error assumptions, which are tailored to the EIA and sea surface temperature of the scene being considered, are able to almost entirely eliminate EIA-dependent biases in retrieved TPW. This result holds true across all satellites currently carrying an MHS instrument, despite the fact that only measurements from one satellite are used to estimate forward model errors. The consistency achieved by the retrieval algorithm across all view angles suggests that other inversion algorithms, particularly those for cross-track-scanning radiometers and potential future constellations of small satellites, would benefit from the inclusion of nuanced error assumptions that consider the effect of EIA.
An Analysis on Perturbation Features of Convection-Allowing Ensemble Prediction Based on the Local Breeding Growth Mode
Authors: Ma Shenjia , Chen Chaohui , He Hongrang , Xiang Jie , Chen Shengjie , Li Yi , Jiang Yongqiang , Wu Dan , Luo Hao
Published: February 2019

In this study, a convection-allowing ensemble prediction experiment was conducted on a strong convective weather process, based on the local breeding growth mode (LBGM) method proposed according to the strongly local nature of the convective-scale weather system. A comparative analysis of the evolution characteristics of the initial perturbation was also performed, considering the results from the traditional breeding growth mode (BGM) method, to enhance understanding and application of this new initial perturbation generation method. The experimental results showed that LBGM results in the perturbation distribution exhibiting characteristics more evident of flow dependence, and an initial perturbation with greater definite kinetic significance was derived. Information entropy theory could well measure the amount of information contained in the perturbation distribution, indicating that the innovative initial perturbation generation method can increase the amount of local information associated with the initial perturbation. With regard to the physical perturbation quantities, the LBGM method can improve the dispersion of the ensemble prediction system, thereby solving the problem of insufficient ensemble spread of prediction systems obtained by the traditional BGM method. Simultaneously, the root-mean-square error of the prediction can be further reduced, and the predicted precipitation distribution is closer to the observed precipitation, thereby improving the prediction effect of the convection-allowing ensemble prediction. The LBGM method has advantages compared to the traditional method and provides a new theoretical basis for further development of initial perturbation technologies for convection-allowing ensemble prediction.
Hyperoncotic Albumin Reduces Net Fluid Loss Associated With Hemodialysis
Authors: Buckley Mitchell S. , Erstad Brian L. , Lansburg Jake M. , Agarwal Sumit K.
Published: February 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the volume of fluid removal associated with and without 25% albumin administration in conjunction with hemodialysis. Methods: This retrospective, cohort study was conducted at a large academic medical center over a 6-month period to compare the net fluid amount removed (mL) during hemodialysis between patients administered 25% albumin and those without albumin. Results: A total of 238 patients consisting of 973 unique hemodialysis sessions were evaluated. The mean overall net fluid removed by hemodialysis in the 25% albumin and no albumin groups were 1242 mL and 1899 mL, P < .001, respectively. No albumin group had significantly higher mean fluid losses compared with 25% albumin for a total dose of either 25 g ( P = .001) or 50 g ( P = .001). There were no significant differences in mean fluid loss between the no albumin group and patients receiving 75 g or 100 g of albumin. Post hoc analysis failed to demonstrate a dose-dependent response in those patients receiving 25% albumin and no albumin. Conclusion: Hyperoncotic albumin administered during hemodialysis sessions reduced net fluid loss associated with hemodialysis. The findings of this study do not support the routine use of 25% albumin to improve fluid removal during dialysis.
Cultural Differences in Careless Responding
Authors: Grau Ina , Ebbeler Christine , Banse Rainer
Published: February 2019

Careless responding (CR) in surveys has been identified as a serious threat for the validity of survey data. It occurs when participants respond without following the instructions or reading the content of items. The purpose of this article is to assess and explain the amount of CR at the individual and country level. In our study, individual CR (measured by indices using a short Big 5 personality questionnaire) correlated with education level and personality traits. In addition, using a sample of 8,320 participants from 34 countries, CR at the country level was investigated and it was strongly correlated with the cultural dimensions: human development, individualism, gender inequality, and power distance. CR can be seen as a powerful predictor of differences between countries. Finally, a comparison between CR and response styles (extreme and midpoint answers, acquiescence, and socially desirable responses) was conducted. CR and response styles showed some overlap, but loaded on different factors. CR is compatible with extreme answers, midpoint answers, and acquiescence, but different from social desirability. Social desirability is the only response style which requires careful reading of items.
Online Allies and Tricky Freelancers: Understanding the Differences in the Role of Social Media in the Campaigns for the Scottish Independence Referendum
Authors: Langer Ana Ines , Comerford Michael , McNulty Des
Published: February 2019

Using the 2014 Scottish independence referendum as a case study, this article asks first, to what extent is the use of digital communications technologies, in particular social media, associated with fundamental changes to campaign organizations, specifically to the command and control model? Second, under what conditions are challenges to the model more likely to emerge? Using mixed methods, our analysis of the case demonstrates that radical organizational or strategic change is not inevitable, nor is there a one-size-fits-all approach. Technologies are not ‘just tools’ that any campaign with enough resources will adopt in similar ways. Instead, depending on a number of interdependent factors (i.e. context, resources, strategy, organizational structure and culture), some campaigns – like Better Together – selectively adopt digital tools that fit with the command and control model; in other cases – like Yes Scotland – the application of digital communications technologies and the dynamics created by linking to other (digital-enabled) grassroots organizations can have transformative effects.
Managerial Value, Financial Condition, and Downsizing Reform: A Study of U.S. City Governments
Authors: Liou Kuotsai Tom , Wang XiaoHu
Published: February 2019

This study examines downsizing reforms in U.S. city governments to understand the influence of managerial values and financial conditions on the implementation of downsizing strategies. Based on the analyses of national survey data, we found that downsizing tends to be implemented with a package of downsizing factor including structural and procedure changes. We further confirmed that managerial values, measured as their innovative attitudes and ethical concerns, affect downsizing factors of structural changes. Financial conditions, including budget surplus and fund deficits, are not related to downsizing strategies. Implications of the research findings are presented for future studies of public downsizing reforms.
Racial Diversity and Task Performance: The Roles of Formalization and Goal Setting in Government Organizations
Authors: Jong Jaehee
Published: February 2019

Previous studies on demographic diversity have yielded inconsistent results with respect to several individual and organizational outcomes. The current study proposes that structural characteristics can enhance the positive influence of racial diversity on employee outcomes. Specifically, this study examines the roles of formalization as a moderator and goal setting as a mediator in the relationship between racial diversity and employee task performance. Using a sample of New York state employees from 42 state agencies, this study found that (a) in organizations where tasks are formalized, the effects of racial diversity on employee perception of goal specificity and goal difficulty were positive and (b) some of the interaction effects between racial diversity and formalization were, in turn, positively related to task performance through perception of the goal difficulty. Overall, while the results confirm the complex nature of diversity effects mentioned in previous research, they contribute further evidence regarding the positive impact of racial diversity and the notion that the contextual environment of public organizations—in this case, formalization—contributes to positive performance in demographically diverse workforces.
Silver-doped polyaniline–polyvinyl chloride nanocomposite films for photocatalytic and antibacterial applications
Authors: Ismayil KM Muhammad , Varghese Arun , Antony Rosy
Published: February 2019

Silver-doped polyaniline–polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanocomposite films (Ag.PANI–PVC) were synthesized by non-solvent-induced phase inversion method. The nanomaterials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. Thermal stability and tensile strength of the Ag-doped and undoped PANI–PVC films were studied. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites on methylene blue dye under visible light was evaluated at different initial concentrations of the dye. Silver-doped nanocomposites exhibited excellent photodegradation efficiency. The kinetics of photocatalysis fit well to the pseudo first-order model. Antibacterial performance of the samples was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria by agar disc diffusion method. It was observed that Ag.PANI–PVC and Ag.PANI have antagonistic effects against the growth of gram-positive bacteria ( S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria ( E. coli) with inhibition zones in the range of 10–35 mm.
Complementary sliding mode control with adaptive switching gain for PMSM
Authors: Huang Yanwei , Huang Wenchao , Chen Shaobin , Liu Zheyi
Published: February 2019

Since the control system in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has uncertainties and disturbances, the switching gain is a key factor in effecting chattering in sliding mode control. An adaptive switching gain is proposed for complementary sliding mode control (CSMC) to regulate the PMSM velocity. The proposed switching gain is designed according to system uncertainties. When the value of the sliding modulus is outside the boundary layer, it is positive, resulting in an increase in the switching gain. Conversely, when it is negative, the gain is decreasing. Further, the proposed law considers an arbitrary small vicinity of the sliding manifold, in which the derivatives of the adaptive switching gains are inversely proportional to the sliding modulus to speed up the gain adjustment process. The proposed gain for complementary sliding mode control is applied to regulate the PMSM velocity; comparisons of experimental results show that the proposed gain has a faster gain adjustment process than CSMC and alleviates chattering, resulting in a greater velocity accuracy.