bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Interhospital Transport of Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Schewe Jens-Christian , Schumacher Silvia , Erdfelder Felix , Ehrentraut Stefan Felix , Weißbrich Carsten , Lehmann Felix , Kögl Florian , Muders Thomas , Thudium Marcus , Putensen Christian , Kreyer Stefan
Published: April 2022

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is used to achieve oxygenation and protect lung ventilation. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures cerebral regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2) and may contribute to patient safety during interhospital transport under ECMO support. We evaluated 16 adult ARDS patients undergoing interhospital ECMO transport by measuring cerebral rSO2 before and after initiation of ECMO support and continuously during transport. To compare peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurement with rSO2, both parameters were analyzed. NIRS monitoring for initiation of ECMO and interhospital transport under ECMO support was feasible, and there was no significant difference in the percentage of achievable valid measurements over time between cerebral rSO2 (88.4% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 81.3–95.0%]) and standard SpO2 monitoring 91.7% (95% CI, 86.1–94.2%), p = 0.68. No change in cerebral rSO2 was observed before 77% (73.5–81%) (median [interquartile range {IQR}]) and after initiation of ECMO support 78% (75–81%), p = 0.2. NIRS for cerebral rSO2 measurement is feasible during ECMO initiation and interhospital transport. Achievement of valid measurements of cerebral rSO2 was not superior to SpO2. In distinct patients (e.g., shock), measurement of cerebral rSO2 may contribute to improvement of patient safety during interhospital ECMO transport.
Acuity-Based Staffing in Labor and Delivery Using Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Jones Lynn W. , Hall Valerie L.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Planning safe and effective nurse staffing can be challenging for nurse leaders of labor and delivery units due to the dynamic nature of birth and unpredictable fluctuations in census and acuity. The electronic health record (EHR) has a vast source of patient data that can be used to retrospectively review patient needs and nurse staffing gaps that can serve as a basis for prospective planning for nurse staffing.

Purpose:

This quality improvement project was initiated with the goal of developing real-time and longitudinal reports to quantify hourly nurse staffing needs based on patient census, acuity, and required clinical interventions from data that are contained with the EHR. The plan was to determine trends and nurse staffing needs for each 24-hour period every day of the week and identify ongoing staffing patterns to meet the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses' (AWHONN) staffing guidelines.

Methods:

The obstetric nursing leadership team worked with the information technology specialists and developed an algorithm that identifies patient acuity level, indicated clinical interventions, and outlines necessary staffing requirements to provide safe high-quality care. Various reports were built in the EHR to inform the nursing leadership team about nurse staffing on a real-time and historical basis.

Results:

The reports provided quantitative data that supported a budgetary increase in nurse staffing and a more flexible nurse staffing scheduling system to meet the needs of the patients. The project was successfully implemented in all four of the hospital system maternity units.

Clinical Implications:

Use of EHR in labor and delivery units is nearly universal. Working with the information technology specialists to integrate nurse staffing data into the EHR is one way to align nurse staffing with the AWHONN nurse staffing standards in real-time and for projections of nurse staffing needs based on unit historical patient data.
In situ characterization of liquids at high pressure combining X-ray tomography, X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption using the white beam station at PSICHÉ
Authors: Henry L. , Guignot N. , King A. , Giovenco E. , Deslandes J.-P. , Itié J.-P.
Published: April 2022

A novel experimental setup dedicated to the study of liquid and amorphous materials, on the white beam station of the PSICHÉ beamline at SOLEIL, is described. The Beer–Lambert absorption method has been developed using a broad-spectrum (white) incident beam for in situ density measurements at extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. This technique has been combined with other existing X-ray techniques (radiographic imaging, tomography and combined angle energy dispersive X-ray diffraction). Such a multi-technical approach offers new possibilities for the characterization of liquid and amorphous materials at high pressure and high temperature. The strength of this approach is illustrated by density measurements of liquid gallium at pressures up to 4 GPa, combining the three independent X-ray techniques (the Beer–Lambert absorption method, tomography and X-ray diffraction).
Effects of the T337M and G391V disease-related variants on human phosphoglucomutase 1: structural disruptions large and small
Authors: Stiers Kyle M. , Owuocha Luckio F. , Beamer Lesa J.
Published: April 2022

Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) plays a central role in glucose homeostasis in human cells. Missense variants of this enzyme cause an inborn error of metabolism, which is categorized as a congenital disorder of glycosylation. Here, two disease-related variants of PGM1, T337M and G391V, which are both located in domain 3 of the four-domain protein, were characterized via X-ray crystallography and biochemical assays. The studies show multiple impacts resulting from these dysfunctional variants, including both short- and long-range structural perturbations. In the T337M variant these are limited to a small shift in an active-site loop, consistent with reduced enzyme activity. In contrast, the G391V variant produces a cascade of structural perturbations, including displacement of both the catalytic phosphoserine and metal-binding loops. This work reinforces several themes that were found in prior studies of dysfunctional PGM1 variants, including increased structural flexibility and the outsized impacts of mutations affecting interdomain interfaces. The molecular mechanisms of PGM1 variants have implications for newly described inherited disorders of related enzymes.
Maximising profit by waste reduction in postharvest Supply Chain of tomato
Authors: Karthick K. , Boris Ajit A. , Subramanaian V. , Anbuudayasankar S.P. , Narassima M.S. , Hariharan D.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The paper aims to analyse the postharvest Supply Chain (SC) of tomatoes to maximise profit by restructuring the modes of operation.

Design/methodology/approach

System Dynamics-based simulation of four scenarios depicting different operational modes of postharvest food SC was employed. Real-time of Tamil Nadu state, India was used to enact the scenarios using Vensim.

Findings

Results indicated that cold storage improved the profit of wholesalers by prolonging the shelf-life of commodities. Retailers and farmers gained more profit in the absence of wholesalers. Though the absence of middlemen reduces the transit time and prevents deterioration, the role of wholesalers, i.e. transporting the commodities to farther customers’ needs to be shouldered by other agents effectively to minimise losses.

Research limitations/implications

The accuracy of the results depend on the exactness of the data collected. The simulation findings, on the other hand, could be helpful in decision-making as these models portray the actual operational modes of postharvest SC. The suitability of each network structure depends on the capabilities of the agents, market scenario and demography. Implications based on discussions with stakeholders and in terms of establishing dedicated societies (cooperatives) have been provided.

Originality/value

Postharvest losses incurred for horticultural crops like tomatoes are significantly high. It is of much importance to India as agriculture contributes to 17% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and India is the second-largest producer of tomatoes globally. The study would shed light on restructuring the network appropriately.
Factors affecting public perception of scientific information about organic foods
Authors: Koswatta Taniya Jayani , Wingenbach Gary , Leggette Holli R. , Murphrey Theresa Pesl
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Public perception of health benefits derived from organic foods is often misaligned with scientific evidence. This study aims to examine the factors affecting public perception of scientific information about organic foods.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted multinominal and multiple linear regression analyses to examine associations between public perception of scientific information about organic foods and 19 factors using data from a descriptive survey (N = 763).

Findings

Perceived benefits of organic foods, trust in scientists, communicator credibility, preexisting beliefs and events related to science (e.g. COVID-19) were significant predictors of public perception of scientific information about organic foods.

Theoretical implications

Cognitive dissonance and recreancy theoretical frameworks help describe relationships between beliefs, science, trust and risk. These theories intersect when purchasing credence goods (i.e. organic foods) whose qualities cannot be observed during or after purchase. Hence, public trust of scientific information about perceived health benefits of organic foods may conflict with strongly held beliefs that contradict scientific findings.

Practical implications

Scientists can more effectively share research findings after trust is established through the listening, asking and sharing values process. Therefore, by following the path of listening, asking and sharing the endogenous/exogenous factors in this study, scientists and the public can have meaningful conversations about perceived health benefits and nutritional values of organically and conventionally grown foods.

Originality/value

Current research on perception factors about organic foods often examined consumers' perceptions and purchase intentions but rarely considered perceptions of scientific information about organic foods. This study examined relationships between public perception of scientific information about organic foods and endogenous/exogenous factors.
A multi-stage method to determine organizational constraint structure and its application in a steel plant in India
Authors: Singh Saroj Kumar , Raj Alok , Kumar J. Ajith , Foropon Cyril
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify potential constraints and determine the constraint structure in a steel manufacturing plant. “Potential constraint” is defined as a factor that is either a constraint at present or can become one in the future and “constraint structure” is used to denote the network of influences between the potential constraints in an organization.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-step methodology was followed. First, potential constraints in a steel manufacturing plant were identified with a literature review and expert inputs. Then, the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (fuzzy DEMATEL) technique was applied to uncover the structure and finally, an ex-post validation and refinement of the results was done with help from other experts.

Findings

A total of 10 key potential constraints to steel manufacturing were identified. The two outputs of fuzzy DEMATEL – the influence scatter plot (ISP) and the influence network diagram (IND) – together reveal the constraint structure. The 10 potential constraints could be classified into three types – influencers, mediators and influenced – respectively. Of these “Top management commitment (TMC)” and “Clear vision and long-term planning (CLP)” influence other factors the most, and are themselves influenced the least; while “Customer Relationship Management (CRM)” is most influenced by other factors, while influencing other factors the least.

Practical implications

Potential constraints and the constraint structure can help decision makers in a steel manufacturing plant to identify which organizational factors to address and achieving the plant's goals.

Originality/value

This is the first study that analyzed organizational level constraints in a steel manufacturing context.
The impact of enterprise niche on dual innovation performance: moderating role of innovation openness
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xiong Huanhuan , Wang Qian , Gu Yongjie
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the impact of enterprise niche on dual innovation performance and the moderating role of innovation openness on the relationship between enterprise niche and dual innovation performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the panel data of the enterprise technology patents of China's Top 100 Electronic Information Enterprises from 2009 to 2018. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

Niche width has a significant positive impact on exploitative and exploratory innovation performance. Niche overlap has an inverted U-shaped effect on exploitative innovation performance and significantly positively affects exploratory innovation performance. Innovation openness negatively moderates the impact of niche width on exploitative innovation performance and positively moderates the impact of niche overlap on exploitative innovation performance.

Originality/value

This study provides new insights into the effects of enterprise niche on dual innovation performance by showing the moderating role of innovation openness. The study finds a strategic logic of moderate niche overlap, clarifies the innovative effect of different innovation openness modes and reveals the construction and management mechanisms of enterprise niche and innovation openness strategy.
The art of propaganda: marketing nationhood through visual imagery
Authors: Freathy Paul , Thomas Iris
Published: April 2022

Purpose

During the 17th century, the Dutch Republic sought to project a positive global image centred around the principles of economic endeavour, moral stewardship and military resilience. By illustrating one way in which the country sought to communicate its international position, the paper aims to provide an early example of political diplomacy and reputation management.

Design/methodology/approach

Pictorial narratives provide an important but often underutilised insight into our cultural, social and economic history. As works of art were considered legitimate and authoritative forms of communication, their importance can lie beyond any aesthetic accomplishment. Using established iconographic techniques, this paper deconstructs and interprets the meaning contained within a specific genre painting,The Young Mother(1658) by Gerrit Dou.

Findings

Rather than being devoid of meaning,The Young Motherrepresents a narrative purposely constructed to symbolise the cultural, religious and economic character of the United Provinces. It celebrates success through global trade, innovation and enterprise while simultaneously reminding audiences of the country’s moral and spiritual foundations. Like the patriotic allegory of De Hollandse Maag protecting the sacred space of the hortus conclusus, the painting is a secular representation of the new Loca Sancta.

Originality/value

While acknowledging thatThe Young Motherhas been praised for its visual qualities, this paper maintains that any broader political significance has been largely overlooked. The analysis and findings therefore offer original interpretations from which new conclusions are drawn.
The drivers of financial vulnerability and profitability: evidence from conventional and Islamic banks in Islamic finance-oriented countries
Authors: Parmankulova Indira , Issakhova Parida , Zhanabayeva Zhanar , Faizulayev Alimshan , Orazymbetova Kulzira
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the determinants of banking stability in the case of QISMUT + 3 countries (Qatar, Indonesia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Pakistan, Kuwait and Bahrain). Both profitability of banks and non-performing loans were treated as dependent variables. Three variations are examined, the sample as a whole and separated to conventional banks (CBs) and Islamic banks (IBs).

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 208 banks, both IBs and CBs, were used from 2011 to 2018, after global financial crisis period. Two-step system generalized methods of moments and both feasible least squares and panel-corrected standard error models were used to ensure test the data.

Findings

Results suggest that both financial vulnerability and profitability affect each other in both banking systems. In addition, capital adequacy has a positive link with both dependent variables. Corruption varied and followed expectations but for the case of CBs alone with an unexpected negative relationship with profitability.

Practical implications

The findings are expected to help bankers, investors, academics and policymakers gain a better understanding of Islamic banking. The findings would be useful in developing policy for the development of the banking industries in these countries.

Originality/value

This study contributes to existing literature in three ways. First, this study investigates the factors influencing banking non-performing loans for a new class of countries – QISMUT + 3 within 2011–2018 period. Second, only a few studies use such a period, which is after the global financial crisis period. Finally, new indicators are used to determine the non-performing loans and profitability of both types of banks, such as Muslim Share and Share of IBs.
Hegemonic masculinity: representation of women surgeons in leadership positions in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Rabia , Sohail Rabia
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Surgery is predominantly a masculine profession worldwide and has largely excluded women in leadership positions. This paper aims to examine the representation of women surgeons in leadership positions in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were drawn from larger qualitative research examining the experiences of women surgeons in Pakistani hospitals. The data comprises in-depth interviews with ten doctors working in the Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities. The participants were selected by using the purposive sampling method and data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings

This study included participants from diverse surgical specialties from different stages of their career with two having leadership experience. Based on participants’ perspectives several factors are responsible for this exclusion of women in leadership positions. The most prominent among these were long working hours for surgical leaders, greater responsibilities assigned to leadership positions, gender stereotypes and work–family conflict. Due to masculine hegemony, women were considered less capable and they were expected to have masculine traits to work as successful leaders. Interestingly, some participants had internalized such stereotypes and showed a lack of interest and lack of capabilities for surgical leadership as evident from their narratives.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this paper are drawn from the perspectives of ten women surgeons working in Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities of Pakistan who were selected using a convenient sampling method. Hence, the results cannot be generalized to the larger population of women surgeons working in other cities of the country. Nevertheless, this study is unique in the sense that it provides useful insight into the experiences of the women surgeons and their perspectives on surgical leadership in Pakistani hospitals. Academically, it contributes to the global debates on surgical leadership by providing empirical evidence from Pakistan.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the larger debates on the under-representation of women in leadership positions in surgery by unveiling the experiences of female surgeons from Pakistan. It calls for the need for structural changes in health management and policy to accommodate women surgeons. Organizational efforts could minimize some hurdles and encourage more women to take on more formal leadership roles. The authors also call for an increasing number of women in surgery to pave the way for creating new leadership opportunities.
The effect of innovation on environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices
Authors: Dicuonzo Grazia , Donofrio Francesca , Ranaldo Simona , Dell'Atti Vittorio
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate if and to what extent environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices are influenced by innovation, measured by investment in research and development (R&D) and the number of patents developed by companies.

Design/methodology/approach

To test this hypothesis, the authors estimated a regression model for the panel data considering a time horizon of eight years. The analysis was conducted on a sample of listed firms operating in the industrial sector in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the USA.

Findings

The empirical analysis shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between ESG practices and innovation. Companies investing more in R&D and patents have better ESG performance.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by improving the understanding of the importance of innovation in improving ESG practices for firms in the industrial sector. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence of the ability of innovation to be a valuable tool for sustainable industry development through R&D investment and patent development.
The diabetes health plan and medication adherence among individuals with low incomes
Authors: Narain Kimberly Danae Cauley , Turk Norman , Duru O. Kenrik , Moin Tannaz , Ho Sam , Mangione Carol M.
Published: April 2022

Objective

To test the impact of the Diabetes Health Plan (DHP), a diabetes‐specific insurance plan that lowers out‐of‐pocket costs for diabetes‐related medications and clinical visits, on adherence to oral hypoglycemic medications among low‐income adults with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM).

Data Sources and Study Setting

Cohort of adults (18–64) with T2DM, an annual household income <USD 30,000, and who were continuously enrolled in an employer‐sponsored UnitedHealthcare plan for at least two years between 2009 and 2014.

Study Design

We employed a linear regression Difference‐In‐Differences (DID) approach with a matched comparison group. To assess for differential DHP effects across adherent versus non‐adherent patients, we ran a Difference‐in‐Difference‐in‐Differences (DDD) analysis by including an interaction term that included indicators for DHP exposure status and time, and low versus high baseline medication adherence.

Data Collection

The analytic data set is limited to employer groups that purchased the DHP and standard benefit plans from UnitedHealthcare, had internal pharmacy contracts; complete pharmacy claims data, and sufficient medical claims and lab data to identify employees and their dependents with T2DM.

Principal Findings

Our DID analysis did not show improved medication adherence associated with employer DHP adoption. However, the DDD model suggested a difference between DHP‐exposed and comparison beneficiaries when comparing the relative effect on individuals who were adherent versus non‐adherent at baseline, as suggested by the significant three‐way interaction term (10.2,p = 0.028). This effect was driven by the 8.2 percentage point increase in medication adherence for the DHP subsample that was non‐adherent at baseline.

Conclusions

The DHP may benefit low‐income patients with low baseline medication adherence. Value‐based insurance design may be an important strategy for mitigating income disparities in T2DM outcomes.
An ecologist's guide for studying DNA methylation variation in wild vertebrates
Authors: Laine Veronika N. , Sepers Bernice , Lindner Melanie , Gawehns Fleur , Ruuskanen Suvi , van Oers Kees
Published: April 2022

The field of molecular biology is advancing fast with new powerful technologies, sequencing methods and analysis software being developed constantly. Commonly used tools originally developed for research on humans and model species are now regularly used in ecological and evolutionary research. There is also a growing interest in the causes and consequences of epigenetic variation in natural populations. Studying ecological epigenetics is currently challenging, especially for vertebrate systems, because of the required technical expertise, complications with analyses and interpretation, and limitations in acquiring sufficiently high sample sizes. Importantly, neglecting the limitations of the experimental setup, technology and analyses may affect the reliability and reproducibility, and the extent to which unbiased conclusions can be drawn from these studies. Here, we provide a practical guide for researchers aiming to study DNA methylation variation in wild vertebrates. We review the technical aspects of epigenetic research, concentrating on DNA methylation using bisulfite sequencing, discuss the limitations and possible pitfalls, and how to overcome them through rigid and reproducible data analysis. This review provides a solid foundation for the proper design of epigenetic studies, a clear roadmap on the best practices for correct data analysis and a realistic view on the limitations for studying ecological epigenetics in vertebrates. This review will help researchers studying the ecological and evolutionary implications of epigenetic variation in wild populations.
Inappropriate shock delivery as a result of electromagnetic interference originating from the faulty electrical installation
Authors: Babic Milos D , Tomovic Milosav , Milosevic Maja , Djurdjevic Branko , Zugic Vasko , Nikolic Aleksandra
Published: April 2022

We present a case report of a 74‐year‐old male patient with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator who suffered an inappropriate defibrillation shock while bathing in the tub. Insight in the ICD stored electrogram episodes revealed electromagnetic interferences, with a typical 50 Hz electrical artifact mimicking fast ventricular tachycardia as a device misinterpreted. After this event, the maintenance workers investigated the electrical installation in the bathroom and revealed that there was voltage leaking between electrical installation and metal pipes. After the repair was completed without any additional programming, the patient has had no subsequent shocks.
A man in a completely locked‐in state produces intelligible sentences using a brain‐computer interface
Authors: Han Jason J.
Published: April 2022

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may enter into a completely locked‐in state without any capability for communication using neuromuscular output. Using an auditory‐guided neurofeedback‐based strategy with implantable sensors in the motor cortex, scientists were able to help a patient in this state produce intelligible sentences.
Healthcare expenditure of intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors compared with dexamethasone implant for diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Hertzberg Silvia NW , Moe Morten Carstens , Jørstad Øystein Kalsnes , Petrovski Beáta Éva , Burger Emily , Petrovski Goran
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to estimate the 1‐year costs associated with treating diabetic macular oedema (DME) patients using current intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) biologics compared with the dexamethasone implant.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive cost‐evaluation analysis using data from Oslo University Hospital and literature to compare three different intravitreal drugs forDME: bevacizumab, aflibercept and dexamethasone. Stratification of patients into ‘Naive’ or ‘Switch’ group was based on treatment history. We estimated the costs from healthcare and ‘extended’ healthcare perspectives. Sensitivity analysis evaluated the impact of various parameters.

Results

The average injections per patient per year for the Naive group (bevacizumab), Switch group (aflibercept) and dexamethasone were 9.5, 9.1 and 3.0 respectively. From a healthcare perspective, the 1‐year costs for the Naive group were 15% lower (bevacizumab, €3619), and for the Switch group, 23% higher (aflibercept, €5226) compared with dexamethasone (€4252). The ‘extended’ healthcare perspective showed the cost per patient per year for bevacizumab remained nominally lower in the Naive group, while dexamethasone remained lower for the Switch group (€5116 for dexamethasone, compared to €4987 for bevacizumab and €6537 for aflibercept).

Conclusions

From a primary healthcare perspective, the dexamethasone as a first‐lineDMEtreatment may increase economic costs in settings where bevacizumab is used off‐label. Treating resistantDMEwith dexamethasone may reduce the costs and treatment burden compared with switching to aflibercept.
The lifestyles of Bronze Age Zagros highlanders at Deh Dumen, Iran: Insights from midshaft femur cross‐sectional geometry and histology
Authors: Miszkiewicz Justyna J. , Stewart Tahlia J. , Naseri Reza , Sołtysiak Arkadiusz
Published: April 2022

Late Bronze Age multiple human burials from Deh Dumen, Iran, were uncovered in the Zagros Mountains. Using cross‐sectional geometry and histology, a sample (n = 23) of fragmented femora from these burials was examined to test for possible adaptation to transhumant pastoralism. Midshaft femur remodelling and modelling characteristics examined across males, females and age‐at‐death groups partly indicated sex‐specific pastoralist behaviours and possible experiences of walking on rugged terrain in this small sample. We discuss the value of combining histology and cross‐sectional geometry techniques when attempting to reconstruct past human behaviours in multiple burial contexts.
A new method for computational cultural cartography: From neural word embeddings to transformers and Bayesian mixture models
Authors: McLevey John V. P. , Crick Tyler , Browne Pierson , Durant Darrin
Published: April 2022

Recently, computational social scientists have proposed exciting new methods for ‘mapping meaning space’ and analysing the structure and evolution of complex cultural constructs from large text datasets. These emerging approaches to ‘cultural cartography’ are based on a foundation of neural network word embeddings that represent the meaning of words, in relation to one another, as vectors in a shared high‐dimensional latent space. These new methods have the potential to revolutionize sociological analyses of culture, but in their current form, they are dually limited. First, by relying on traditional word embeddings they are limited to learning a single vector representation for each word, collapsing together the diverse semantic contexts that words are used in and which give them their heterogeneous meanings. Second, the vector operations that researchers use to construct larger ‘cultural dimensions’ from traditional embeddings can result in a complex vector soup that can propagate many small and difficult‐to‐detect errors throughout the cultural analysis, compromising validity. In this article, we discuss the strengths and limitations of computational ‘cultural cartography’ based on traditional word embeddings and propose an alternative approach that overcomes these limitations by pairing contextual representations learned by newly invented transformer models with Bayesian mixture models. We demonstrate our method of computational cultural cartography with an exploratory analysis of the structure and evolution of 120 years of scholarly discourse on democracy and autocracy.
The opportunistic trophic behaviour of the European catfish (Silurus glanis) in a recently colonised large peri‐alpine lake
Authors: Vagnon Chloé , Bazin Simon , Cattanéo Franck , Goulon Chloé , Guillard Jean , Frossard Victor
Published: April 2022

The European catfish (Silurus glanis) recently colonised large peri‐alpine lakes where its exploitation of the different lake habitats (i.e. littoral, pelagic and deep benthic) may be supported by interindividual trophic variations fostering its establishment. We investigated the prey and lake habitats supporting S. glanis diet in the largest French peri‐alpine lake (Lake Bourget) based on the contents of 231 stomachs combined with 217 individual stable isotope measurements (δ13C and δ15N). The interindividual diet variations in stomachs and isotopes were quantified to identify individual specialisation within the population. The effects of body size on trophic characteristics were also explored. For most individuals, a major reliance on littoral resources was determined based on both stomach contents (86% of prey items) and stable isotopes using Bayesian mixing models (BMMs; 70.3 ± 9.6% contributions of the littoral resources). However, pelagic and deep benthic prey (e.g. whitefish and burbot) were also identified, and BMMs indicated significant contributions of pelagic and deep benthic resources to S. glanis diets (15.8 ± 5.3% and 13.9 ± 5.2% respectively). Interindividual variations based on stomach contents were much higher than those estimated from stable isotopes, supporting an opportunistic trophic behaviour; although the population strongly relied on crayfish, perch and roach. Body size explained a minor fraction of S. glanis trophic characteristics, suggesting that ontogeny does not strongly structure the current population diet. Our results underscore the feeding plasticity of S. glanis, revealing that besides the littoral habitat, this invader exploits resources from all habitats in large peri‐alpine lakes (deep benthic and pelagic). Therefore, its establishment in these ecosystems may represent a growing threat to resident species, especially if the population and individual body size increase in the near future.
New insight into the neural mechanisms of migraine in adolescents: Relationships with sleep
Authors: Nahman‐Averbuch Hadas , Schneider Victor J. , Lee Gregory R. , Peugh James L. , Hershey Andrew D. , Powers Scott W. , de Zambotti Massimiliano , Coghill Robert C. , King Christopher D.
Published: April 2022

Objective

This case‐control study examines if measures of subjective and objective (actigraphic) sleep difficulties mediate alterations in amygdalar connectivity in adolescents with migraine compared to healthy adolescents.

Background

Adolescents with migraine have different functional connectivity of the amygdala compared to individuals without migraine. Sleep is often disturbed in adolescents with migraine, and could contribute to the alterations in functional connectivity.

Methods

Twenty adolescents with migraine and 20 healthy controls were recruited from Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. Participants completed surveys about their headaches and overall sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and perceived sleep difficulties (Insomnia Severity Scale [ISI]); completed wrist‐worn actigraphy; and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan.

Results

Adolescents with migraine differed from healthy controls only in perceived difficulty in sleep initiation and maintenance (ISI: 8.5 ± 4.7 and 4.5 ± 3.7 [mean ± standard deviation], −4.00 [95% confidence: −6.7 to −1.3], p = 0.005) and had greater functional connectivity between the amygdala and the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, dorsolateral prefrontal, sensorimotor, and the occipital cortexes. The differences in functional connectivity of the amygdala were not mediated by the subjective/objective sleep measures (ISI/wake minutes after sleep onset).

Conclusions

Adolescents with migraine have greater connectivity between the amygdala and areas involved in sensory, affective, and cognitive aspects of pain. These alterations may not be due to higher levels of sleep difficulties in adolescents with migraine, suggesting that both amygdala and sleep alterations may play an independent role in migraine pathophysiology. This advances the understanding of the mechanisms underlying pediatric migraine and can potentially advance migraine management.
The use of erenumab for migraine prophylaxis during pregnancy: A case report and narrative review
Authors: Vig Sierra J. , Garza Julia , Tao Yunting
Published: April 2022

Objective

To report a case of a woman who continued erenumab for migraine prophylaxis throughout her pregnancy and to review the literature for pregnancy safety data for the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor and ligand‐directed therapies currently approved for migraine prophylaxis in the United States.

Background

Migraine is a common headache disorder that can be significantly disabling. Many people experiencing migraine seek out preventative therapies to improve their quality of life. Unfortunately, currently approved prophylactic agents may not be safe to use during pregnancy, potentially limiting the use of these agents in women of childbearing potential. As the newest class of prophylactic agents for migraine, CGRP agents have limited pregnancy safety data in humans.

Methods

A review of the literature was conducted through the PubMed database using the terms pregnancy and either erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, eptinezumab, rimegepant, or atogepant. Additional sources of information such as prescribing information, assessment reports submitted to the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and manufacturer data were sought.

Results

One case report was found in the literature documenting a human pregnancy with no adverse effects in the baby after exposure to erenumab. However, the last dose was administered in the second week of pregnancy and discontinued thereafter. The evaluation of 92 safety reports describing maternal exposure prior to or during pregnancy to either erenumab, galcanezumab, or fremanezumab was located. Incidence of miscarriage and congenital anomalies appear to be similar to rates in the general population.

Conclusions

The use of erenumab during pregnancy in our patient resulted in no known harm to the child. This case is unique in that the mother continued to receive erenumab throughout the pregnancy. Safety data is lacking regarding the use of these agents during pregnancy, despite their frequent use in women of childbearing potential.
S‐adenosylmethionine: studies on chemical and enzymatic synthesis
Authors: Matos JR , Raushel FM , Wong CH
Published: April 2022

Several methods for the chemical and enzymatic synthesis of (‐)‐S‐adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) are described and compared. Studies on the effects of solvents, pH, methylating reagents, and KI on the coupling of sodium homocysteine thiolate and 5′‐chloro‐5′‐deoxyadenosine led to an improved procedure for the synthesis of (+/‐)‐AdoMet. The use of trimethylsulfonium iodide as a methylating agent under acidic conditions results in a higher content of the desired (‐)‐epimer than does the use of CH3I. The enzymatic synthesis of (‐)‐AdoMet using AdoMet synthetase from an over‐producing strain of Escherichia coli is demonstrated and the effect of product inhibition on preparative‐scale synthesis is illustrated. A new HPLC technique for separation of the epimeric mixture of AdoMet, which allows small‐scale preparation of optically pure AdoMet from the enzyme product, has been developed. With this HPLC technique, evidence that (‐)‐AdoMet is the sole epimer formed by the enzyme has been shown.
Exploring the relationship between soft and hard tissues: The example of vertebral arteries and transverse foramina
Authors: de Jager Edwin , Prigge Lané , Amod Nooreen , Oettlé Anna , Beaudet Amélie
Published: April 2022

Understanding how the brain is provided with glucose and oxygen is of particular interest in human evolutionary studies. In addition to the internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries contribute significantly to the cerebral and cerebellar blood flow. The size of the transverse foramina has been suggested to represent a reliable proxy for assessing the size of the vertebral arteries in fossil specimens. To test this assumption, here, we statistically explore spatial relationships between the transverse foramina and the vertebral arteries in extant humans. Contrast computed tomography (CT) scans of the cervical regions of 16 living humans were collected. Cross‐sectional areas of the right and left transverse foramina and the corresponding vertebral arteries were measured on each cervical vertebra from C1 to C6 within the same individuals. The cross‐sectional areas of the foramina and corresponding arteries range between 13.40 and 71.25 mm2 and between 4.53 and 29.40 mm2, respectively. The two variables are significantly correlated except in C1. Using regression analyses, we generate equations that can be subsequently used to estimate the size of the vertebral arteries in fossil specimens. By providing additional evidence of intra‐ and inter‐individual size variation of the arteries and corresponding foramina in extant humans, our study introduces an essential database for a better understanding of the evolutionary story of soft tissues in the fossil record.
Development of customized inner beauty products and customized cosmetics apps according to the use of NRF2 through DTC genetic testing after the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han
Published: April 2022

Background

After the coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the definition of health continuity, well‐being, and well‐dying is also evolving.

Objectives

This review is about the utilization of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) for customized inner beauty products and customized cosmetics through Direct‐To‐Consumer (DTC) genetic testing in the non‐face‐to‐face era that is evolving after the global pandemic.

Methods

In May 2021, we proposed a narrative review as a new report and commentary. It was written with reference to keywords such as “Covid DTC Genetic Test,” “Covid 4th industrial revolution,” “Covid NRF2,” and “Antioxidants.” This study was performed by searching on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate. A total of 432 papers were retrieved, of which 40 were successfully included in this study.

Results

With the rapid transition to a non‐face‐to‐face society after COVID‐19, the concept of DTC was born, which allows consumers to receive genetic testing directly without visiting a medical institution. Based on the 4th industrial revolution, a convergence medical device is needed to secure the function as an NRF2 regulator of antioxidants in customized inner beauty products and customized cosmetics.

Conclusion

Therefore, let us look at the fact that a fusion medical device based on the 4th industrial revolution has emerged in the global DTC genetic test market, which is still insufficient to summarize important research results. This study is expected to be an important data for the development of antioxidants as NRF2 regulators in customized inner beauty products and customized cosmetics. As mobile use increases in the future, additional research focusing on app development is needed, and various follow‐up studies are also needed.
Effects of Availability, Contingency, and Formulaicity on the Accuracy of English Grammatical Morphemes in Second Language Writing
Authors: Murakami Akira , Ellis Nick C.
Published: April 2022

We investigated whether the accuracy of grammatical morphemes in second language (L2) learners’ writing is associated with usage‐based distributional factors. Specifically, we examined whether the accuracy of L2 English inflectional morphemes is associated with the availability (i.e., token frequency) and contingency (i.e., token frequency relative to other forms with the same lemma) of the inflected word form as well as the formulaicity of the context in which it occurs (i.e., predictability of the form given the surrounding words). Data drawn from a large‐scale learner corpus indicated that contingency is a robust predictor of morpheme accuracy, thereby supporting the usage‐based view that language learners are sensitive to distributional properties in their input. Furthermore, the relationship of contingency with accuracy does not necessarily lessen when learners’ proficiency rises. Contrary to previous research investigating online processing, we did not identify in our study availability and formulaicity as predictors of accuracy of morpheme production in writing.
Comparison of Femoral Bone Mineral Density Changes around 3 Common Designs of Cementless Stems after Total Hip Arthroplasty—A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wei Wen‐Xing , Zeng Yi , Ma Jun , Yang Jing , Shen Bin
Published: April 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the periprosthetic BMD changes around Tri‐Lock “Bone Preserving Stem” with the other two common and longer stems (Corail and Summit) after THA.

Methods

It was a retrospective cohort study followed patients underwent the total hip arthroplasty from January 2013 to December 2015. They were selected and followed from January 2013 to Janaury 2020. Patients without osteoporosis underwent hip replacements with three aimed stems were included. Among the 138 patients included, 49 patients received the Tri‐Lock stem, 44 patients received the Corail stem, and 45 patients received the Summit stem. The periprosthetic BMD changes evaluated by the Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (iDXA) measurement according to the seven Gruen zones was the primary outcome. The Radiographic changes including spot welds, pedestal sign and grade of stress shielding was evaluated by the consecutive hip images. Einzel‐Bild‐Roentgen‐Analyze‐femoral component analysis (EBRA‐FCA) was used to measure the stem migration at 5 years postoperatively. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) and adverse events were assessed and compared in three groups. Finally, the subgroups for the periprosthetic BMD changes, radiological and clinical outcomes were made based on the age, gender and length of follow‐up.

Results

A total of 138 patients were retrospectively followed for an average of 4.66 years. Excepting the different stems used in three groups, the age, gender and other characteristics of patients included were similar between groups. There was no significant difference between the three groups in periprosthetic BMD changes over postoperative 5 years. The Summit stem shown more BMD loss in Gruen zone 1 compared with the Tri‐Lock and Corail stems without significant difference (7.49%, −1.89% and −2.62%, respectively, P = 0.42). And the most prominent BMD loss was found in Gruen zone 7 for all three stems (−12.60%, −11.84%, and −9.56%, respectively, P = 0.91). The spot weld was significantly more common around the Corail stem, while there was no difference in the stem migration between three groups. Patient reported outcomes (PROMs) were significantly improved compared with the preoperative values. Regarding the rate of postoperative complications, two patients underwent the dislocation and 25 patients sometimes felt mild to moderate thigh pain. Subgroup analysis showed that female patients older than 50 years lost more BMD and had lower clinical scores, while the stem stability was not good enough in male patients.

Conclusions

The Tri‐Lock Bone Preserving Stem did not show significant difference in periprosthetic BMD changes compared with the other two conventional longer stems at 5 years after THA.