bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unified Scalar Resonance Model: Exploring Universal Constants and Scaling Laws
Authors: Hall Brian , Covington Derrick
Published: February 2025

The Universal Constants and the Scaling Law provides a transformative framework for understanding the interconnected architecture of reality. By reimagining spacetime as a dynamic scalar field, this work introduces a Unified Scalar Resonance Model (USRM) that bridges quantum mechanics, gravity, and cosmic structure. At its core, the model is governed by three fundamental constants—the Information Coupling Constant (α), the Physical Scaling Constant (β), and the Quantum Coherence Constant (γ) which regulate energy flow, quantum coherence, and resonance dynamics across all physical scales. The USRM addresses critical limitations in modern physics by replacing ad hoc constructs such as dark matter and dark energy with intrinsic scalar field dynamics. It demonstrates how these constants naturally organize matter and energy into stable, quantized structures, from atomic nuclei to galactic superclusters. By leveraging principles of oscillatory coherence, the framework reveals the underlying simplicity and elegance of phenomena previously considered disparate, such as nuclear magic numbers, fractal galactic distributions, and gravitational anomalies. This concise exploration presents the mathematical foundation of the USRM, validates its predictions against empirical observations, and highlights its potential to unify fundamental forces. The results suggest that the scalar field's intrinsic properties not only underpin the observable universe but also offer a coherent pathway for resolving persistent anomalies in physics. By bridging quantum to cosmic scales, this work lays the foundation for a holistic understanding of reality and paves the way for novel theoretical and experimental advancements.
Evaluation of Anti-malarial Profile of Methanol Leaf Extract of Jatropha curcas Linn on Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice
Authors: ARUBI Peter O. , KWANASHIE Helen O. , MAIHA Bilkisu B. , EJIOFOR Janet I.
Published: February 2025

The resistance of malaria parasites to anti-malarial drugs including Artemisinin-based combination therapy is undoubtedly a huge challenge in clinical practice necessitating concerted efforts to finding novel, safe and efficacious options. This study investigated the anti-malarial activity of methanol leaf-extract of J. Curcas against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Acute toxicity and phytochemical analysis of the extract were carried out using standard methods. Peter’s 4-day suppressive, curative and residual infection tests were used to determine efficacy. Parameters measured were parasitemia, survival time, body weight and packed cell volume (PCV). Ninety albino male mice were infected with chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei NK65 randomly divided into three groups of thirty and separately used for suppressive, curative and prophylactic tests. A set of thirty albino mice were divided into five groups (n=6) and subjected to suppressive test. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. Group I and 5 received distilled water and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) served as negative and positive controls, respectively. The remaining two sets of thirty mice were used for curative and prophylactic tests. Data generated was subjected to descriptive statistics and levels of significance was determined at p<0.001 to p<0.05. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrates, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract in mice was >5000 mg/kg. The extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) parasitemia and enhanced survival time in treated mice. The extract minimized parasite induced weight loss and improved PCV. Methanol leaf extract of J. Curcas is safe at ≤5000 mg/kg and exhibited moderate anti-malarial activity credited to the synergistic effect of the phytochemical constituents, hence its folkloric uses.
§ 8c KStG: BMF reagiert mit Nichtanwendungserlass auf AdV-Beschluss des BFH v. 12.4.2023 – I B 74/22 (AdV)
Authors: Suchanek Markus , Rüsch Gary
Published: February 2025

Mit am 6.7.2023 veröffentlichten Beschl. v. 12.4.2023 - I B 74/22 (AdV), FR 2023, 784 hatte der BFH die Vollziehung eines körperschaft- und gewerbesteuerlichen Verlustfeststellungsbescheids aufgrund ernstlicher Zweifel an der Verfassungsmäßigkeit des § 8c Abs. 1 Satz 1 KStG im Streitjahr 2016 ausgesetzt, was zu einer faktischen Außerkraftsetzung der gesamten Vorschrift führt. Dagegen stemmt sich das BMF nun - mit voller Überzeugung und frei nach dem Motto: „Totgesagte leben länger“ - mit einem auf den 20.11.2024 datierten Nichtanwendungserlass, dessen Begründung allerdings nicht überzeugt, wie im Folgenden in aller Kürze dargestellt wird. Betroffenen Steuerpflichtigen ist daher zu raten, gegen die Ablehnung von entsprechenden AdV-Anträgen den gerichtlichen Weg zu beschreiten, um ihre Rechte durchzusetzen.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Falls With and Without Injuries Among Older Adult Women
Authors: Kwok Wing S. , Khalatbari-Soltani Saman , Dolja-Gore Xenia , Byles Julie , Tiedemann Anne , Pinheiro Marina B. , Oliveira Juliana S. , Sherrington Catherine
Published: January 2024

Importance

Falls and fall-related injuries are common among older adults. Older adults are recommended to undertake 150 to 300 minutes of physical activity per week for health benefits; however, the association between meeting the recommended level of physical activity and falls is unclear.

Objectives

To examine whether associations exist between leisure-time physical activity and noninjurious and injurious falls in older women.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study used a retrospective analysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). ALSWH participants born from 1946 to 1951 who completed follow-up questionnaires in 2016 (aged 65-70 years) and 2019 (aged 68-73 years) were included. Statistical analysis was performed from September 2022 to February 2023.

Exposure

Self-reported weekly amounts (0, 1 to <150, 150 to <300, ≥300 minutes) and types of leisure-time physical activity, including brisk walking and moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity, in the 2016 survey.

Main outcome and measures

Noninjurious and injurious falls in the previous 12 months reported in the 2019 survey. Associations between leisure-time physical activity and falls were quantified using directed acyclic graph–informed multinomial logistic regression and presented in odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.

Results

This study included 7139 women (mean [SD] age, 67.7 [1.5] years). Participation in leisure-time physical activity at or above the level recommended by the World Health Organization (150 to <300 min/wk) was associated with reduced odds of noninjurious falls (150 to <300 min/wk: OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59-0.92]; ≥300 min/wk: OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.54-0.80]) and injurious falls (150 to <300 min/wk: OR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.56-0.88]; ≥300 min/wk: OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.63-0.93]). Compared with women who reported no leisure-time physical activity, those who reported brisk walking (OR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.70-0.97]), moderate leisure-time physical activity (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70-0.93]), or moderate-vigorous leisure-time physical activity (OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70-0.99]) had reduced odds of noninjurious falls. No statistically significant associations were found between the types of leisure-time physical activity and injurious falls.

Conclusions and Relevance

Participation in leisure-time physical activity at the recommended level or above was associated with lower odds of both noninjurious and injurious falls. Brisk walking and both moderate and moderate-vigorous leisure-time physical activity were associated with lower odds of noninjurious falls.
Automated size‐specific dose estimates framework in thoracic CT using convolutional neural network based on U‐Net model
Authors: Ruenjit Sakultala , Siricharoen Punnarai , Khamwan Kitiwat
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to develop an automated method that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) for calculating size‐specific dose estimates (SSDEs) based on the corrected effective diameter (Deffcorr) in thoracic computed tomography (CT).

Methods

Transaxial images obtained from 108 adult patients who underwent non‐contrast thoracic CT scans were analyzed. To calculate the Deffcorr according to Mihailidis et al., the average relative electron densities for lung, bone, and other tissues were used to correct the lateral and anterior–posterior dimensions. The CNN architecture based on the U‐Net algorithm was used for automated segmentation of three classes of tissues and the background region to calculate dimensions and Deffcorr values. Then, 108 thoracic CT images and generated segmentation masks were used for network training. The water‐equivalent diameter (Dw) was determined according to the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 220. Linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis were performed to determine the correlations between SSDEDeffcorr(automated), SSDEDeffcorr(manual), and SSDEDw.

Results

High agreement was obtained between the manual and automated methods for calculating the Deffcorr SSDE. The mean values for the SSDEDeffcorr(manual), SSDEDw, and SSDEDeffcorr(automated) were 14.3 ± 2.1 mGy, 14.6 ± 2.2 mGy, and 14.5 ± 2.4 mGy, respectively. The U‐Net model was successfully trained and used to accurately predict SSDEs, with results comparable to manual‐labeling results.

Conclusion

The proposed automated framework using a CNN offers a reliable and efficient solution for determining the Deffcorr SSDE in thoracic CT.
Heightened facial muscle reactivity in preadolescent girls with pathological anxiety
Authors: Cruz Joshua R. , Cochran Amy , McFarlin Daniel R. , Williams Lisa E. , Kalin Ned H.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Anticipatory anxiety and heightened responses to uncertainty are central features of anxiety disorders (ADs) that contribute to clinical impairment. Anxiety symptoms typically emerge during childhood, and even subthreshold‐AD symptoms are associated with distress and risk for future psychopathology. This study compared facial emotional response to threat and uncertainty between preadolescent girls with ADs, girls with subthreshold‐AD symptoms, and controls.

Methods

Facial emotional responding was characterized in preadolescent girls (age 8–11) with a range of anxiety symptoms: no/low anxiety (controls, n = 41), subthreshold‐AD (n = 73), and DSM‐5 diagnoses of separation, social, and/or generalized ADs (n = 45). A threat anticipation paradigm examined how image valence (negative/neutral) and image anticipation (uncertain/certain timing) impacted activity of the corrugator supercilii, a forehead muscle implicated in the “frown” response that is modulated by emotional stimuli (negative > neutral). Corrugator magnitude and corrugator timecourse were compared between groups.

Results

Findings demonstrate greater corrugator activity during anticipation and viewing of negative stimuli, as well as increased corrugator reactivity in subthreshold‐AD and AD girls. Timecourse analyses of negative versus neutral stimuli revealed that AD and subthreshold‐AD girls had greater uncertainty‐related increases in corrugator activity compared to controls.

Conclusion

Results extend the physiological characterization of childhood pathological anxiety, highlighting the impact of subthreshold‐AD symptoms.
Parallel accumulation‐serial fragmentation method for in‐depth proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Vu Hung M. , Huh Sunghyun , Lee Jun Hyung , Lee Seung Hyeun , Kim Min‐Sik
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Advances in mass spectrometry‐based quantitative proteomic analysis have successfully demonstrated the in‐depth detection of protein biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with lung cancers. Recently, ion mobility technology was incorporated into the mass spectrometers escalating the sensitivity and throughput. Utilizing these advantages, herein, we employed the parallel accumulation–serial fragmentation (PASEF) implanted in a timsTOF Pro mass spectrometer to examine the alteration of BALF proteomes in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).

Experimental design

BALF proteins were processed from patients with NSCLC and analyzed in a timsTOF Pro mass spectrometer with the PASEF method using a peptide input of 100 ng. Label‐free mass spectrometry data were analyzed in the FragPipe platform.

Results

We quantitated over 1400 proteins from a single injection of 100 ng of peptides per sample with a median of ∼2000 proteins. We were able to find a few potential biomarker proteins upregulated in NSCLC.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The alterations of the BALF proteome landscape vary among patients with NSCLC as previously observed in patients with small‐cell lung cancers. The PASEF method has significantly enhanced the sensitivity and throughput, demonstrating its effectiveness in clinical research and application.
Identification and postnatal developmental characteristics of brown adipose tissue in yak calves
Authors: Fuju Chen , Yutian Zhao , Xiaodong Ling
Published: January 2024

Background

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) provides newborn mammals with a critical capacity for non‐shivering thermogenesis and enables their adaptation to the cold of the extrauterine environment. The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) has evolved on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and has adapted well to extremely cold and hypoxic environments. However, the location, characterization and postnatal development of BAT in yak calves remain largely unknown.

Methods

We identified different types of adipocytes and explored the postnatal development of interscapular and subcutaneous adipose tissue in yak calves at 1, 7 and 30 days old using morphological and molecular biology methods.

Results

The results show that multilocular and unilocular adipocytes were found in two depots. Multilocular adipocytes contained small lipid droplets packed with numerous mitochondria. However, unilocular adipocytes contained a single unilocular lipid droplet and few mitochondria. The number of multilocular adipocytes significantly decreased, whereas the number of unilocular adipocytes significantly increased from day 1 to 30. Furthermore, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expressions in both multilocular and unilocular adipocytes, as well as UCP1 mRNA and protein expression, were significantly decreased from day 1 to 30. In addition, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha mRNA expression were significantly decreased.

Conclusions

The results of the research indicate that adipocytes in both newborn yak calf interscapular and subcutaneous adipose tissue are multilocular adipocytes. Many multilocular adipocytes were transformed into unilocular adipocytes after birth, but some multilocular adipocytes remained at day 30; this transition occurred at different rates in different depots. These results provide a basis for further study of BAT in yak calves.
Effect of dietary methionine hydroxy analogue‐free acid (MHA‐FA) supplementation levels on growth performance, blood metabolites and immune responses in broiler chickens
Authors: Zarghi Heydar , Ghavi Saeed
Published: January 2024

Background

Broiler diets are commonly supplemented by liquid methionine hydroxy analogue‐free acid (MHA‐FA) containing as product with 88% of active substance to meet sulphur amino acid (SAA) requirements.

Objectives

Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of different dietary MHA‐FA levels on growth performance, blood metabolites and immune responses in broilers.

Methods

In experiments 1 and 2, 432 and 360 male broilers were fed either a basal corn–soya bean meal diet that met the energy and nutrient requirements with the exception of SAAs or the basal diet supplemented with 5 graded levels of MHA‐FA (+0.9 and +0.8 g/kg), for 1–11 and 11–24‐day ages, respectively. Chicks were vaccinated with inactivated H9N2/Newcastle disease (ND) and live‐ND on days 5 and 11, respectively.

Results

Responses in both experiments had similar tendency at corresponding dietary MHA‐FA levels. By increasing dietary MHA‐FA level, weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), relative breast weight (RBW) and immunity against ND and avian influenza virus inoculation improved with quadratic trend. Blood serum triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentration were affected in response to dietary MHA‐FA levels with quadratic trends. By using broken‐line regression analysis, the optimum dietary MHA‐FA levels for optimized WG, FE and RBW during 1–10‐day age were obtained at 2.20, 3.31 and 3.33 g/kg, respectively; based on MHA‐FA content of Met equivalent, the digestible SAA requirements were estimated 0.81%, 0.91% and 0.92%, respectively. Similarly, for the 11–24‐day age period, the optimum dietary MHA‐FA supplementation levels were obtained 1.79, 2.21, 2.41 and 2.53 g/kg, with the digestible SAA requirements estimated 0.75%, 0.79%, 0.80% and 0.81% for optimized WG, FE, RBW and immune responses, respectively.

Conclusions

Supplemental levels of MHA‐FA that optimize performance, breast meat and immunity in broilers fed corn–soya bean meal diet, varied from 0.18% to 0.33%, correspond to age and what traits are considered for optimization.
Characterization of hypoxia-responsive states in ovarian cancer to identify hot tumors and aid adjuvant therapy
Authors: Cao Minghui , Xiao Liwei , Chen Shuo , Huang Jiaming
Published: January 2024

Backgrounds

The hypoxia-responsive state of cancer is a complex pathophysiological process involving numerous genes playing different roles. Due to the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and chaotic angiogenesis, the clinical features of hypoxia-responsive states are not yet clear in patients with ovarian cancer.

Methods

Based on the RNA expression levels of 14 hypoxic markers, our study screened out hypoxia-related genes and construct a hypoxic score pattern to quantify the hypoxia-responsive states of a single tumor. Combining clinical prognosis, tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, the expression level of the immune checkpoint, IC50, and other indicators to evaluate the impact of different hypoxia-responsive states on clinical prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity.

Results

Our study identified a subgroup with an active hypoxia-responsive state and they have a worse clinical prognosis but exhibit higher immunogenicity and higher sensitivity to immunotherapy.

Conclusions

This work revealed that hypoxia-responsive states played an important role in formation of tumor immunogenicity. Evaluating the hypoxia-responsive state will contribute to guiding more effective immunotherapy strategies.
The Influence of Increased CO2 Concentrations on AMOC Interdecadal Variability Under the LGM Background
Authors: Gao Yang , Liu Jian , Wen Qin , Chen Deliang , Sun Weiyi , Ning Liang , Yan Mi
Published: January 2024

This study explores the impact of rising CO2 levels on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation's (AMOC) interdecadal variability within the context of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) background climate. Under heightened CO2 concentrations, the AMOC interdecadal variability intensifies dramatically, which is very different from the future warming case that shows a weakening of AMOC interdecadal variability in response to increased CO2 concentration. This unexpected phenomenon primarily results from the extensive retreat of sea ice, which exposes a larger portion of the ocean surface to efficiently feel the heat flux fluctuations from atmospheric processes. These findings underscore the significance of background climate conditions in shaping AMOC responses to increased CO2 and emphasize the necessity of considering these nuances to develop a more accurate understanding of AMOC dynamics in an evolving climate.
GeoHealth Comes of Age
Authors: Filippelli Gabriel , Nguyen Helen
Published: January 2024

The outgoing and incoming Editors in Chief of GeoHealth reflect on recent years of growth and expansion in the journal while they plan for the challenges ahead.
Moving at the Speed of Snow
Authors: Owen Rebecca
Published: January 2024

Snowflakes take many routes from cloud to ground. Large, soft flakes swirl and tumble gently from above.
Effects of conventional and ionic liquid-based surfactants and sodium tetraborate on interfacial tension of acidic crude oil
Authors: Barari Mohammad , Lashkarbolooki Mostafa , Abedini Reza , Hezave Ali Zeinolabedini
Published: January 2024

The application of a new class of surfactants such as ionic liquids (ILs) compared with the conventional surfactants and their interactions with each other concomitant and alkaline under salinities is not well examined based on the best knowledge of the authors. So, the current work focused on the impact of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), 1-dodecyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride (C12mim][Cl]), 1-octadecyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([C18mim][Cl]) in the presence and absence of alkali namely sodium tetraborate known as borax (Na2B4O7) on the IFT variation while the salinity was changed 0–82,000 ppm (ionic strength of 0–1.4 M). The results showed the positive impact of salinity on the pH reduction and reduced the alkaline effect for pH reduction. Also, the measurements showed that the presence of surfactant reduces the role of alkaline for pH variation as it moved from 9.2 to 6.63 for the solution prepared using SLS and SDBS. The measured IFT values showed that not only alkali has a significant impact as it combined with SLS and SDBS due to a desired synergy between these chemicals, it can reduce the critical micelle concentration (CMC) for the SDBS from 1105 to 852 ppm and much higher for [C12mim][Cl].
Different glaucoma progression rates by age groups in young myopic glaucoma patients
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Lee Dongyoung , Kim Min-Ji , Kim Kyunga , Han Jong Chul , Kee Changwon
Published: January 2024

We aimed to investigate the age-related glaucoma progression rates in myopic normal tension glaucoma (NTG). In this long-term retrospective cohort (7.2 ± 3.5 years), we grouped patients based on their age at initial presentation: group A (age < 30 years, 60 eyes), group B (30 ≤ age < 40, 66 eyes), and group C (40 ≤ age < 50 years, 63 eyes). We used a linear mixed-effects model to estimate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect width enlargement rates. Group A showed a significantly faster rate of RNFL defect progression (3.01 ± 1.74°/year) than those of groups B and C (2.05 ± 1.55°/year and 2.06 ± 1.29°/year, P = 0.004 and 0.002). The difference was more marked when calculated for the first 10 years of follow-up in group A, B, and C (3.95 ± 2.70°/year, 2.39 ± 1.64°/year, and 1.98 ± 1.31°/year), and between the periods of age < 30 years, 30 ≤ age < 40 years, and 40 ≤ age < 50 years within group A. This is the first evidence of rapid glaucoma progression in the young adulthood and stabilization in older age in myopic NTG. Clinicians should consider the potentially aggressive course of glaucoma, especially in younger patients with myopic NTG, in contrast to the general slow progression in adulthood.
Eocene (50–55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA
Authors: Broz Adrian P. , Pritchard-Peterson Devin , Spinola Diogo , Schneider Sarah , Retallack Gregory , Silva Lucas C. R.
Published: January 2024

Nonmarine rocks in sea cliffs of southern California store a detailed record of weathering under tropical conditions millions of years ago, where today the climate is much drier and cooler. This work examines early Eocene (~ 50–55 million-year-old) deeply weathered paleosols (ancient, buried soils) exposed in marine terraces of northern San Diego County, California, and uses their geochemistry and mineralogy to reconstruct climate and weathering intensity during early Eocene greenhouse climates. These Eocene warm spikes have been modeled as prequels for ongoing anthropogenic global warming driven by a spike in atmospheric CO2. Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM, ~ 55 Ma) kaolinitic paleosols developed in volcaniclastic conglomerates are evidence of intense weathering (CIA > 98) under warm and wet conditions (mean annual temperature [MAT] of ~ 17 °C  ± 4.4 °C and mean annual precipitation [MAP] of ~ 1500 ± 299 mm). Geologically younger Early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO, 50 Ma) high shrink-swell (Vertisol) paleosols developed in coarse sandstones are also intensely weathered (CIA > 80) with MAT estimates of ~ 20 °C ± 4.4 °C but have lower estimated MAP (~ 1100 ± 299 mm), suggesting a less humid climate for the EECO greenhouse spike than for the earlier PETM greenhouse spike.
Tree Kangaroos (Dendrolagus sp.) of Papua: Characteristics and Conservation
Authors: Prasetyo Budi , Utami Sri , Wahyuni Nenden Sri
Published: January 2024

Tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus sp.) are an endemic mammal species in the Papua region. Tree kangaroos are vulnerable to threats, both from habitat conditions (forest destruction, illegal logging) and predators and hunting. Meanwhile, according to the IUCN, its conservation status is in crisis category. The purpose of this paper is to inform the public about the characteristics, behavior, and conservation of tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus sp.) in Papua. It is hoped that over time this information can motivate indigenous Papuans to increasingly care and love tree kangaroos, so that they continue to exist and sustain their regeneration in the tropical rainforests of Papua. Writing using the literature review method. The results of the writing explain that tree kangaroos have several characteristics, including: having a body weight of no more than 6-20 kg, even some are very small, weighing 3 kg. Tree kangaroos tend to live in groups with one dominant male. This marsupialia has a white to yellowish face, the same as the neck to the abdomen, long ears, a tail longer than the body, has long limbs and four very strong clawed fingers. Tree kangaroos experience embryonic dipouse or delayed birth, allowing females to mate again after giving birth or the baby is still in the pouch. The indigenous Papuan community conducts traditional conservation for the survival of tree kangaroos.
Assessment of Oceanographic Trend and Ocean Health Index in The Gulf of Madura
Authors: Raihan Achmad Syukri , Atmadipoera Agus Saleh , Naulita Yuli , Balbeid Nabil , Noviyanti Rinda
Published: January 2024

The Gulf of Madura is heavily utilized for shipping, fishing, and oil exploration. These activities impact the marine environment. This study aims to describe the spatial and temporal variability in oceanographic parameters, vertical current structures, trends, and ocean health conditions based on oceanographic parameters estimated from the OHI value. The data used in this research consists of INDESO and Marine Copernicus data. The results of the study show that monsoon phenomena greatly influence temperature and salinity in the Gulf of Madura, with temperature increasing and salinity decreasing during the northwest monsoon, and vice versa during the southeast monsoon. An analysis of oceanographic variables over the past 12 years showed an increase in salinity and nitrate variables, and a decrease in other variables. The trend fluctuation is still within the quality standard for seawater according to government regulation number 22 of 2021. The results of the calculation of the ocean health index show that the Gulf of Madura is in a fair condition with a value of 0.63. This finding can be used to manage and utilize marine space sustainably without deteriorating the ocean’s health.
Clustering Sukuk Using the K-Means Algorithm for Allocation of Investors Based on Investment Risk Profile
Authors: Novika Fanny , Rahayu Sri
Published: January 2024

The number of capital market investors has increased by 33.53% from 7,489,337 at the end of 2021 to 10,000,628 on 3 November 2022. One of the most popular Islamic capital markets today is sukuk with high yields, lower taxes and short returns. Investors consider four main factors that affect the issuance of sukuk, namely the type of sharia contract, yield, effective term, and nominal value of the sukuk. Investors will find it very difficult to decide on their investment because they will face a lot of data and variables. The solution to this problem can be done by perform multivariate analysis by grouping sukuk based on the investor’s risk profile, namely defensive, conservative, balanced, moderately aggressive, aggressive using the KMeans machine learning compile with phyton. Sukuk data used are from Financial Services Authority (OJK) and PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia (KSEI). From the results, 3 clusters were obtained cluster 1 (65 sukuk), cluster 2 (68 sukuk) and cluster 3 (20 sukuk). The results investor risk profile classifications are the defensive and conservative types investor can invest in cluster 3, the balanced type investor can invest in cluster 2, the moderately aggressive and aggressive investor can invest in cluster 1.
Characterization of Directed Graphs Representing C*-Algebra of Complex Matrices
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Herlinawati Elin
Published: January 2024

Quantum mechanics is a study that plays a major role in determining the biological intelligence of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Point particle systems in quantum mechanics can be explained using C*-Algebra which is called CAR-algebra. There is a special case in the CAR-algebra which is isomorphic to the C*-algebra of complex matrices. On the other hand, C*-algebras of direct sum of complex matrix spaces is isomorphic to C*-algebra constructed by orthogonal projection and partial isometries operators via the Cuntz-Krieger relations of a directed graph. This article will provide a basis for the relationship between quantum mechanics and graphs through a discussion of the characterization of graphs that can represent C*-algebra of complex matrices. It is found that C*-algebra complex matrices n × n is a directed graph without cycles with n – 1 arrows, a single source, and has n path from the source.
System Usability Scale Validation from The Expert Perspective
Authors: Fiandhika Muhammad Fajar , Kelana Bayu
Published: January 2024

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a well-known method for quickly evaluating usability. Although SUS corresponds more strongly with user preference, quantitative data like SUS score is challenging to express in absolute terms. Therefore, the research aims to explore the validity of SUS evaluation results of an e-budgeting system from the expert perspective. With a comparative study approach, the research compared each of the 10 SUS indicators’ scores with the result of the qualitative usability evaluation. Data were obtained from three usability experts, who conducted Nielsen’s heuristic evaluation, the SUS measurement, and interviews. The research obtained two main findings. Firstly, no entirely valid scores of SUS indicators were found from three usability evaluations of the three usability experts. Secondly, only the score of ease of use shows significant relevance to the heuristic evaluation and interview result. Those findings may provide new insights when evaluating usability.
Results Testing the Validity of Media Puzzle Digital Game with a Realistic Mathematics Education Approach for Kindergartens
Authors: Kurniasih Eem , Ngastiti Pukky
Published: January 2024

Learning in kindergarten now has entered the era of digital development. Kindergarten students are in a unique process of growth and development because they are a golden generation. So the use of media is important because it can increase children’s learning motivation. The purpose of the results of this study is to produce a product in the form of a digital puzzle game media with a Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach for kindergartens. The method in this article uses 4 stages, namely 1) potential and problems, 2) data collection, 3) product design, 4) design validation. The output that has been achieved in this study is that a valid digital puzzle game based of RME product is produced on validity tests from material experts and media experts. Based on the results of the average assessment obtained from material experts that is equal to 88.61% and the average assessment of media experts is equal to 91.39%. From the results of the two validators, a total average of 90% was obtained, so it can be concluded that the digital puzzle game based of RME media is suitable for use by kindergarten students.
Time Series Prediction on Population Dynamics
Authors: Dwipayana I. Made Eka
Published: January 2024

Predicting the time series is a challenging topic mainly on the era of big data. In this research, data taken from population dynamics of one dimension of logistic map with various parameters that leading the system into chaos. Various machine learning methods is employed for predicting the time series data such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and 1 Dimension of Convolution Neural Network (1D CNN). Several data sizes were considered: 1000, 10000, 50000, 100000 and 1 million points of time series data. As evaluation metric, Root Means Square Error (RMSE) is used to assess the accuracy of each method. The result indicating that the LSTM has the smallest RMSE value among all the three machine learning methods.
Visual and Pressure Signal Investigations on Bubble Produced by Ejector Bubble Generator
Authors: Sari Eli Novita , Fiveriati Anggra , Rusti Nanda , Rulianto Jangka , Bhiqman Susanto Reyhan , Catrawedarma I.G.N.B.
Published: January 2024

This study aims to investigate the pattern of bubble flow coming out of the ejector bubble generator (EBG). The flow pattern was captured using a high-speed camera. The pressure signal on the bubble generator outlet was also recorded using a differential pressure transducer, which was then processed to obtain a probability density function (PDF) and Power Spectrum Density (PSD). It indicates the flow pattern flowing at the bubble generator outlet. The results of this study occurred a time delay in the production of bubbles coming out of the EBG. The greater the air flow rate, the lower the time delay for bubble production. The bubble flow region produced by EBG was classified into the entrance, developed, and fully developed regions. In the fully developed region, large and small bubbles are separated. The greater the air flow rate, the higher the two-phase flow pressure at the EBG outlet and the PDF has one peak with a skewness value that tends to be positive (shift to the right side). The maximum value of the spectrum is at a low frequency (<100Hz) with a low magnitude as an indicator of the bubble flow pattern in the EBG outlet.
Biking in a wind tunnel: what an (aerodynamic) drag
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: January 2024

Wind tunnel measurements complemented by numerical simulations can help improve cyclist posture and develop technology capable of reducing drag for competitive cyclists.
Malignant tumor cells engender second membrane-lined organelles for self-protection and tumor progression
Authors: Yi Tingfang , Wagner Gerhard
Published: January 2024

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in humans, but the efficacy of current treatments for many cancers is limited, as they lack unique mechanistically defined targets. Here, we show that, upon malignant transformation, aggressive oncocells generate a second membrane exterior to their plasma membrane to form cytocapsulas (CCs) and cytocapsular tubes (CCTs), which all together constitute cytocapsular oncocells with pleotropic biological functions in cancer patient tissues in vivo. Proteomic and biochemical analyses revealed that the PMCA2 calcium pump is highly up-regulated in CCs and CCTs in malignant tumors but not in normal tissues, thus identifying a unique cancer biomarker and target for cancer therapy. Cytocapsular oncocells are universally present in solid cancers and appear in hematologic cancers in immune organs. Multi-cell malignant tumors are also enveloped by protective CC membranes. These cytocapsular tumors (CTs) generate numerous CCTs that form freeways for cancer cell metastasis to both neighboring and distant destinations. Entire cytocapsular tumor networks (CTNs) dominate physical cancer metastasis pathways in cancer patients in vivo. Later, CCTs invade micro blood vessels and release cytocapsular oncocells into the blood, providing a source of circulating tumor cells. CTNs interconnect cytocapsular tumors in primary and secondary cancer niches, creating larger cytocapsular tumor network systems (CTNSs). Primary and secondary CTNSs are in turn interconnected, forming dynamic and integrated CTNSs. Thus, interconnected cytocapsular oncocells, CTNs, and CTNSs coordinate cancer progression via the integrated cytocapsular membrane systems.
2. The Emergence of the Middle East into the Modern State System
Authors: Rogan Eugene L.
Published: January 2024

This chapter traces the origins and the entry of the Middle East states into the international system after the First World War. It draws on the ideas of the ‘English School’ for whom international relations is understood in terms of an ‘international society’ in which shared norms, values, and practices develop that states find in it their interests to nurture and preserve. The chapter also explores the emergence of the Middle East, which saw states entering and participating in society, though on very unequal terms. The chapter analyzes visible elements of resistance and revolt, wherein the state system and the regimes it sponsored failed to meet the needs of different peoples and became synonymous with oppression and inequality. It covers the experience of Ottoman reforms that left an important legacy of statecraft in the Arab world, but the Arab people had little prior experience of diplomacy.
6. The Politics of Identity in Middle East International Relations
Authors: Hinnebusch Raymond
Published: January 2024

This chapter focuses on Arabism and other regional ethnicities as sources of political identity. It emphasizes the importance of regional identities within the Middle East, which have been accentuated because of the poor fit between identity and states and regimes and this remains pertinent today. The chapter also argues that the persistence of conflict in the Middle East must be understood through the incongruence of identity and material structures. The chapter highlights pan-Arabism and the irredentist and separatist movements that have characterized the history and political development of the Middle East. It shows how the interaction of identity with state formation and development has contributed to numerous wars and to the evolution of regional developments following the Arab Spring.
13. The Arab Spring: The ‘People’ in International Relations
Authors: Sadiki Larbi
Published: January 2024

This chapter details the seminal events surrounding the Arab uprisings and their outcomes, approaching them from a bottom-up perspective of the peoples of the Middle East. It highlights the conception of popular uprisings against aged and mostly despotic governments that have long silenced popular dissent. It also argues that the Arab uprisings demonstrate the weakness of traditional international relations (IR) by showing how much the people matter. The chapter points out how the Arab world continues to be subject to external interference and persistent authoritarian rule, even if the Arab uprisings have not delivered on popular expectations. It discusses the part of the Arab world in the ongoing processes of global protest and change that are facilitated by new media and technology.
16. Europe and the Mediterranean Middle East
Authors: Del Sarto Raffaella A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the evolution and development of relations between the European Union (EU) and its member states and the Mediterranean Middle East. It considers Europe’s colonial legacy in the Middle East and the geographic proximity and complex nature of the ties that link both areas to each other. It also looks at factors that have shaped a relationship that contrasts with the Middle East’s relations with the more distant United States. The chapter assesses the different interests that have driven European policies towards the Middle East and their impact, including the responses and strategies of the Middle East’s governments vis-à-vis European policies. It assesses Europe’s role in the quest to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its responses to the aftermath of the Arab uprising that resulted in major regional instability in the Middle East and a massive increase in the number of refugees and migrants trying to reach Europe.
How the time of day impacts social media advertising outcomes on consumers
Authors: Noguti Valeria , Waller David S.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This research investigates how consumers who are most active on Facebook during the day vs in the evening differ, differ in their ad consumption, and how advertising effects vary as a function of a key moderator: gender.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a survey of 281 people, the research identifies Facebook users who are more intensely using mobile social media during the day versus in the evening, and measures five Facebook mobile advertising outcomes: brand and product recall, clicking on ads, acting on ads and purchases.

Findings

The results show that women who are using social media more intensely during the day are more likely to use Facebook to seek information, hence, Facebook mobile ads tend to be more effective for these users compared to those in the evening.

Research limitations/implications

This contributes to the literature by analyzing how the time of day affects social media behavior in relation to mobile advertising effectiveness, and broadening the scope of mobile advertising effectiveness research from other than just clicks on ads to include measures like brand and product recall.

Practical implications

By analyzing the effectiveness of mobile advertising on social media as a function of the time of day, advertisers can be more targeted in their media buys, and so better use their social media budgets, i.e. advertising is more effective for women who use social media (Facebook) more intensely during the day than for those who use social media more intensely in the evening as the former tend to seek more information than the latter.

Social implications

This research extends media ecology theory by drawing on circadian rhythm research to provide a first demonstration of how the time of day relates to different uses of mobile social media, which in turn relate to social media mobile advertising consumption.

Originality/value

While research on social media advertising has been steadily increasing, little has been explored on how users consume ads when they engage with social media at different periods along the day. This paper extends media ecology theory by investigating time of day, drawing on the circadian rhythm literature, and how it relates to social media usage.
Acting on reasons: Synchronic executive control
Authors: Schipper Arthur
Published: January 2024

There is a wide variety of cases of alienation, including (a) when an agent is alienated from her own motivational states and (b) deviant causal cases when an agent's motivational states cause her intended actions but via a deviant causal pathway. Reflecting on the variety of kinds of alienation reveals that action explanation still needs to account for the positive role that agents play in non‐alienated actions in general. To fill this gap, this paper identifies a sui generis but crucial notion of control, what I call “synchronic executive control,” where agents act on their reasons, which must be distinguished from (a) endorsing one's reasons as reasonable or as the reasons for action (from the autonomy literature), and (b) other, diachronic notions of executive control such as competence, skills‐based control, planning‐based control, and counterfactual control generally (from especially the deviant causation literature). The presence of such executive control is crucial for explaining the role of agents in non‐alienated actions, and its absence explains the lack of agency in alienation cases. The result is the identification of a relationship agents have with their reasons which unifies the variety of non‐alienated actions in a novel way.
Topiramate ban in women of childbearing potential with idiopathic generalized epilepsy: Does effectiveness offset the teratogenic risks?
Authors: Cerulli Irelli Emanuele , Cocchi Enrico , Mostacci Barbara , Orlando Biagio , Gesche Joanna , Caraballo Roberto H. , Lattanzi Simona , Strigaro Gionata , Catania Cecilia , Pulitano Patrizia , Panzini Chiara , Ferlazzo Edoardo , Pascarella Angelo , Casciato Sara , Pizzanelli Chiara , Giuliano Loretta , Viola Veronica , Fortunato Francesco , Di Gennaro Giancarlo , Gambardella Antonio , Labate Angelo , Operto Francesca F. , Giallonardo Anna T. , Baykan Betul , Beier Christoph P. , Di Bonaventura Carlo ,   Women With Epilepsy Treatment Options and Research Study Group
Published: January 2024

Regulatory agencies have recently discouraged the prescription of topiramate (TPM) to women of childbearing potential with epilepsy due to growing evidence of the teratogenic and neurodevelopmental risks associated with its use during pregnancy. It remains, however, unclear whether the use of TPM in this population can be supported to some extent by its high effectiveness. In this multicenter, retrospective, cohort study performed at 22 epilepsy centers, we investigated the comparative effectiveness of TPM and levetiracetam (LEV) given as first‐line antiseizure medication in a cohort of women of childbearing potential with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). A total of 336 participants were included, of whom 24 (7.1%) received TPM and 312 (92.9%) LEV. Women treated with TPM had significantly higher risks of treatment failure and treatment withdrawal and were less likely to achieve seizure freedom at 12 months compared to women treated with LEV. In conclusion, this study highlighted a low tendency among clinicians to use TPM in women of childbearing potential with IGE, anticipating the recently released restrictions on its use. Furthermore, the available data on effectiveness do not appear to support the use of TPM in this population.
Real-time observation of non-equilibrium phonon-electron energy and angular momentum flow in laser-heated nickel
Authors: Shokeen Vishal , Heber Michael , Kutnyakhov Dmytro , Wang Xiaocui , Yaroslavtsev Alexander , Maldonado Pablo , Berritta Marco , Wind Nils , Wenthaus Lukas , Pressacco Federico , Min Chul-Hee , Nissen Matz , Mahatha Sanjoy K. , Dziarzhytski Siarhei , Oppeneer Peter M. , Rossnagel Kai , Elmers Hans-Joachim , Schönhense Gerd , Dürr Hermann A.
Published: January 2024

Identifying the microscopic nature of non-equilibrium energy transfer mechanisms among electronic, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom is central to understanding ultrafast phenomena such as manipulating magnetism on the femtosecond timescale. Here, we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to go beyond the often-used ensemble-averaged view of non-equilibrium dynamics in terms of quasiparticle temperature evolutions. We show for ferromagnetic Ni that the non-equilibrium electron and spin dynamics display pronounced variations with electron momentum, whereas the magnetic exchange interaction remains isotropic. This highlights the influence of lattice-mediated scattering processes and opens a pathway toward unraveling the still elusive microscopic mechanism of spin-lattice angular momentum transfer.