bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurological Assessment of the Neonate Revisited: a Personal View
Authors: Amiel‐Tison Claudine
Published: July 2010

Natura nusquam magis est tota quam in minimis. (Nature is to be found in her entirety nowhere more than in her smallest creatures.)
The Abilities Of Very Low‐Birthweight Children And Their Classroom Controls
Authors: Smith Anne E. Abel , Knight‐Jones Eveline B.
Published: July 2010

Forty‐three children born in the Nottingham area in 1981 and weighing >1501g who had received treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit were followed up on entry to primary school at the age of five years. All were apparently normal, with no observable handicap or need for special educational provision. Their results on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities were compared with those of closely matched classmates and significant differences were found between the two groups on all six scales, most markedly on the General Cognitive Index.

RéSUMé

Capacités des enfants de très faible poids de naissance comparés avec leurs condisciples scolaires Quarante‐trois enfants nés dans la région de Nottingham en 1981 et avec un poids de naissance <1501g, ayant recu un traitement dans une unité de soins intensifs néonataux ont été suivis jusqu'à l'entrée a l'école primaire à l'âge de cinq ans. Tous étaient apparemment normaux sans handicap notable ou besoin d'une éducation en milieu spécialisé. Leurs résultats aux Echelles de McCarthy d'aptitude infantile ont été comparés avec ceux de condisciples étroitement appariés et des différences significatives ont été trouvées entre les deux groupes aux six échelles, tout spécialement à l'index général de connaissances.

Die Leistungen von Kindern mit sehr niedrigem Geburtsgewicht im Vergleich zu denen ihrer Klassenkameraden

43 Kinder, die 1981 in Nottingham geboren worden waren, <1501g gewogen haben und auf der Neugeborenenintensivstation versorgt worden waren, wurden bis zur Einschulung im Alter von fünf Jahren kontrolliert. Alle erschienen normal, ohne erkennbare Behinderung und ohne Bedarf an Sonderschulung. Ihre Testergebnisse bei den McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities wurden mit denen entsprechender Klassenkameraden verglichen, und es fanden sich zwischen den beiden Gruppen signifikante Unterschiede bei allen sechs Scales, besonders beim General Cognitive Index.

Las capacidades de nihos nacidos con muy bajo peso, en comparación con sus compaheros de clase Cuarenta y tres niños nacidos en el área de Nottingham en 1981, pesando menos de 1501g y que habian recibido tratamiento en una UVI neonatal fueron seguidos hasta su ingreso en la escuela primaria a la edad de cinco años. Todos eran aparentemente normales sin ninguna vinusvalia observable, ni necesidad de educatión especial. Sus resultados en las McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities fueron comparados con los de los compafieron de clase de caracteristicas semejantes. Se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos especialmente en el General Cognitive Index.
The Effects Of Cisapride On Gastroesophageal Reflux In Children With And Without Neurological Disorders
Authors: Brueton M. J. , Clarke G. S. , Sandhu B. K.
Published: July 2010

Cisapride was used to treat gastro‐oesophageal reflux in seven children with neurodevelopmental disorders and in 15 children who were neurologically normal. 24‐hour lower‐oesophageal pH monitoring was carried out before and after treatment. The neurologically normal group had a statistically significant decrease after treatment in percentage time pH<4, but children with neurological abnormalities did not have a comparable improvement in reflux scores.

RéSUMé

Les effets du cisapride sur le reflux gastro‐oesophagien chez les enfants avec ou sans troubles neurologiques

Le cisapride fut utilisé pour traiter le reflux gastro‐oesophagien chez sept enfants présentant des anomalies neurodéveloppementales et 15 enfants neurologiquement normaux. Un contrôle du pH sur 24 heures du bas oesophage fut entrepris avant et aprés traitement. Le groupe neurologiquement normal présenta une variation du pH statistiquement significative aprés traitement, en pourcentage de temps pH<4, mais les enfants avec anomalies neurologiques ne présentérent pas une amélioration comparable dans les scores de reflux.

Die Wirkung von Cisapride auf den gastro‐ösophagealen Reflux bei Kindern mit und ohne neurologische Störgungen

Bei sieben Kindern mit entwicklungsneurologischen Störungen und 15 neurologisch normalen Kindern wurde zur Behandlung des gastro‐ösophagealen Refluxes Cisapride (Alizaprid) eingesetzt. Vor und nach der Behandlung wurden über 24 Stunden pH Messungen im unteren Ösophagus durchgeführt. Die neurologisch normalen Kindern hatten nach der Behandlung einen statistisch signifikanten Abfall des pH<4 Gehaltes/Zeiteinheit, während die Kinder mit neurologischen Störungen keine vergleichbare Besserung der Refluxzeichen zeigten.

RESUMEN

Los efectos del Cisapride en el reflujo gastro‐esofágico con y sin alteraciones neurológicas

Se utilizó el Cisapride para tratar el reflujo gastro‐esofágico en siete nifios con anomalias neuroevolutivas y 15 nifios neurologicamente normales. Se monitorizó el pH de la parte baja del esófago durante 24 horas antes y después del tratamiento. El grupo neurológicamente normal tuvo una disminución estadisticamente significativa después del tratamiento, en el percentaje de tiempo de pH<4, pero el grupo con anormalidades neurológicas no tuvo una mejoria comparable en el reflujo.
Cerebral Oedema Complicating Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Greene S. A. , Jefferson I. G. , Baum, J. D.
Published: July 2010

Four children presented with cerebral oedema secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis, each of whom had a different clinical picture and time of onset of neurological deterioration. No single factor emerged as the cause of the cerebral oedema, but disturbances in brain water balance appeared to be already operative at the time of presentation with ketoacidosis. Irregularities in treatment may exacerbate these disturbances, leading to frank cerebral oedema. Diagnosis of this dangerous complication of diabetic ketoacidosis depends on clinical awareness; the diagnosis may be confirmed by CT scan. Management remains empirical.

RéSUMé

Oedéme cérébral compliquant un diabéte acido‐cétosique

Quatre enfants présentant un oedème cérébral secondaire à une acidocétose diabétique sont présentés, chacun d'entre eux differant par l'allure clinique et le moment du début de la détérioration neurologique. Aucun facteur unique n'est apparu comme la cause de l'oedéme cérébral mais les perturbations de la balance des liquides cérébraux apparaissaient déjá présentes au moment du tableau d'acidocétose. Des anomalies de traitements peuvent exagérer ces perturbations conduisant á un oedème cérébral franc. Le diagnostic de cette complication dangereuse de l'acidocétose dépend de l'alerte clinique; le diagnostic peut être confirmé par le scanner. Le traitement demeure empirique.

Hirnödem als Komplikation bei diabetischer Ketoazidose

Vier Kinder hatten nach einer diabetischen Ketoazidose ein Hirnödem, jedes zeigte andere klinische Symptome und wurde zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten neurologisch auffällig. Kein einzelner Faktor erwies sich als Ursache für das Hirnödem, aber Störungen im Wasserhaushalt des Gehirns schienen schon zum Zeitpunkt der Ketoazidose wirksam zu sein. Unregelmäßigkeiten bei der Therapie können diese Störungen verstärken und so zum Hirnödem führen. Die Diagnose dieser gefährlichen Komplikation der diabetischen Ketoazidose hängt von der klinischen Aufmerksamkeit ab. Die Diagnose kann durch CT Untersuchungen bestätigt werden. Die Behandlung bleibt empirisch.

Edema cerebral complicando una cetoacidosis diabética

Cuatro niflos sufrieron un edema cerebral secundario a una cetoacidosis diabética, cada uno de los cuales tenía un cuadro clinico diferente, asi como un momento de inicio diferente en la deterioracion neurológica. No apareció ningúin factor único como causa del edema cerebral, pero las alteraciones en el equilibrio acuoso del cerebro estaban presentes en el momento de la aparición de la cetoacidosis. Las irregularidades en el tratamiento pueden exacerbar estas alteraciones, dando lugar a un franco edema cerebral. El diagnóstico de esta peligrosa complicacióin de la cetoacidosis diabética depende de la vigilancia clínica. El diagnóstico puede ser confirmado por una TAC. El tratamiento continúa siendo empirico.
Adeverse Effects of Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole in a Child with Dihydropteridine Reductase Deficiency
Authors: Woody Robert C. , Brewster Marge A.
Published: July 2010

A child with dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency developed signs of dopamine insufficiency after being given trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX). She recovered function after the antibiotic was stopped, which suggests that it adversely influenced dopamine metabolism in the CNS. The authors speculate that TMP, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, was the major cause of the patient's deterioration, and suggest that it and other dihydrofolate inhibitors, notably methotrexate, are contra‐indicated for patients with DHPR deficiency.

RéSUMé

Effets nocifs du triméthoprime‐sufaméthoxazole chez I'enfant présentant une déficience de la dihydroptéridine réductase

Une fillette avec déficience de la dihydroptéridine réductase (DHPR) a présenté des signes d'insuffisance en dopamine aprés avoir recu du triméthoprime‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX). Elle récupéra une bonne fonction aprés que l'antibiotique soit arrêté ce qui suggère une influence nocive sur le métabolisme de la dopamine au niveau du système nerveux central. Les auteurs pensent que le TMP, un inhibiteur de la dihydrofolate réductase, était la cause majeure de la détérioration de la malade et suggère que celui‐ci ou un autre inhibiteur du dihydrofolate, particulièrement le méthotréxate, doivent être contre‐indiqués chez les malades présentant une déficience de DHPR.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die negative Wirkung von Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazol bei einem Kind mit Dihydropteridin Reduktase Mangel

Bei einem Kind mit Dihydropteridin Reduktase (DHPR) Mangel traten Symptome einer Dopamin Insuffizienz auf, nachdem es Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazol (TMP‐SMX) bekommen hatte. Nach Absetzen des Antibiotikums normalisierte sich die Funktion wieder, was dafür spricht, daß es den Dopamin‐Metabolismus des ZNS negativ beeinflußt hat. Die Autoren meinen, daß TMP, ein Dihydrofolat Reduktase Inhibitor, die Hauptursache für die Verschlechterung des Patienten war und sind der Ansicht, daß dieses, sowie andere Dihydrofolat Inhibitoren, insbesondere Methotrexat, bei Patienten mit DHPR Mangel kontraindiziert sind.

Efecto adverso de trimetoprim‐sulfametoxazol en un niño con déficit de dihidropteridina reductasa Un niño con déficit de dihidropteridina reductasa (DHPR) mostró signos de insuficiencia de dopamina después de recibir trimetoprim‐sulfametoxazol (TPP‐SMX). Recuperó la función al parar el antibiótico, lo que sugiere que este influjó adversamente sobre el metabolismo de la dopamina en el SNC. Los autores especulan que el TMP, un inhibidor de la dihidrofolato‐reductasa, era la causa mayor de la deterioración del paciente y sugieren que el TMP y otros inhibidores del dihidrofolato, especialmente el metotrexate, deberian estar contraindicados en pacientes con déficit de DHPR.
EFFECT OF RACE AND GENDER ON NEUROLOGICAL LEVEL MYELOMENINGOCELE
Authors: Greene Walter B. , Terry Roy C. , DeMasi Ralph A. , Herrington Robert T.
Published: July 2010

The association of race and gender with different neurological levels of myelomeningocele was studied in 251 patients. Over‐all, the white to black ratio was 3·6 and the male to female ratio was 0·86. However, the proportions of whites and females were significantly increased in thoracic‐level patients (white to black ratio 13·6, male to female ratio 0·43), whereas the lumbar‐level patients had sex and white to black ratios equivalent to the area population. This supports the concept that thoracic‐level myelomeningocele has a different pathogenesis from lumbar‐level.

Effets de la race et du sexe sur le niveau neurologlyue d'un myéloméningocèle

La liaison entre la race, le sexe et les niveaux neurologiques d'un myéloméningocèle a étéétudiée chez 251 patients. Globalement, le ratio blanc/noir était de 3,6 et le ratio homme/femme de 0,86. Cependant, la proportion de blancs et de femmes etait significativement plus forte pour le niveau dorsal (ratio blanchoir de 13,6, ratio homme/femme de 0,43), alors que les ratios étaient comparables à ceux de la population générale pour le niveau lombiaire. Il faut en conclure que le myéloméningocèle de niveau thoracique a une pathogénie différente de celui du niveau lombaire.

Einfluβ von Rasse und Geschlecht auf den neurologischen Grad der Myelorneningocele

Bei 251 Patienten wurde untersucht, ob es eine Beziehung von Rasse und Geschlecht zu den verschiedenen neurologischen Erscheinungsformen der Myelomeningocele gibt. Insgesamt betrug das Verhältnis weiß/schwarz 3·6 und das Verhältnis männlich/weiblich 0·86. Bei der thorkalen Myelomeingocele erhöhte sich jedoch der Anteil von weßen und weiblichen Patientn signifikant Verhältnis weiß/schwarz 3·6 und das Verhältnis männlich/weiblich 0·86. Bei der thorkalen Myelomeningocele erhöhte sich jedoch der Anteil von weißen und weiblichen Patienten signifikant (weiß/schwarz 13·6, männlich/weiblich 0·43), während bei den Patienten mit lumbaler Myelomeningocele die Verhältnisse von Geschlecht und Rasse der Verteilung in der Allgemeinpopulation entsprachen. Dies spricht für die Annahme, daß die thorakale Myelomeningocele eine andere Pathogenese hat als die lumbale.

Efecto de la raza y el sexo sobre en nivel neurológico en el mielomeningocele

La asociación de la raza y sexo con los diferentes niveles neurológicos e el mielomeningocele se estudió en 251 pacientes. En conjunto la relación blanco/legro era de 3·6 y la varodhembra estaba aumentada significativamente en los pacientes con nivel torácico (relación blanco/negro 13·6, y varón/hembra 0·43) mientras que los pacientes con nivel lumbar la relación de sexos y raza era equivalente a la de la población del area. Esto apoya la idea de que el nivel toracico del mielomeningocele tiene una patogenia diferente del nivel lumbar.
Autistic Disorder Associated with an Iso‐dicentric Y Chromosome
Authors: Blackman James A. , Selzer S. Claire , Patil Shivanand , Dyke Don C. Van
Published: July 2010

The relationship between a fragile site on the X chromosome and autism has been well documented. The authors report a three‐year‐old child with partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome Y, who had an autistic disorder. He was microcephalic, but otherwise had a normal phenotype. There was a history of preterm birth and maternal diabetes. This is the sixth case of sex chromosome Y aneuploidy associated with autism, but the first with an isodicentric Y. In well‐substantiated cases of autism, clinicians should now consider abnormalities of the Y as well as the X chromosome.

Troubles autistiques associés à un chromosome Y isodicentrique

La relation entre un site fragile sur le chromosome X et l'autisme est bien établie. Les auteurs rapportent le cas d'un garcon de trois ans présentant une duplication partielle du bras court du chromosome Y et un trouble autistique. Il était microcéphalique niais de phénotype par ailleurs normall. On relevait une anamnèse de naissance prématurée et de diabéte maternel. C'est le sixième cas d'aneuploïdie du chromosome Y associe a l'autisme, mais le premier cas avec un Y isodicentrique. Dans les cas d'autisme bien établi, les clinciens devront rechercher maintenant des anomalies du chromosome Y aussi bien que celles du chromosome X.

ZUSAIMMENFASSUNG

Autistische Störung in Verbindung mit einem isodizentrischen Y Chromosom

Die Beziehung zwischen einer fragilen Stelle auf dem X Chromosom und Autismus ist gut dokumentiert. Die Autoren berichten über ein dreijähriges Kind mit einer partiellen Dublikation des kurzen Armes beim Y Chromosom, das ein autistisches Krankheitsbild hatte. Es war mikrozephal, hatte aber sonst einen normalen Phänotyp. Die Anamnese enthielt Angaben über Frühgeburt und mütterlichen Diabetes. Dies ist der sechste Fall mit einer Aneuplodie des Y Chromosoms in Verbindung mit Autismus, aber der erste mit einerri isodizentrischen Y. Bei gesicherten Fallen von Autismus sollten die Kliniker jetzt Anomalien des Y Chromosoms sowie des X Chromosoms in Erwägung ziehen.

Alteración autística asociada a un cromosoma y isodiscentrico

La relación entre un punto frágil en el cromosoma X y el autismo está bien documentada. Los autores aportan un nitlo de tres años de edad con una duplicación parcial del brazo corto del cromosoma Y y que tenia una alteracion autistica. Era microcefalico pero por lo demas tenia un fenotipo normal. Había una historia de nacimiento pretermino y una diabetes materna. Este es el sexto caso de aneuploi dia del cromosoma Y asociada con autismo, pero el primer caso con un cromosoma Y isodicéntrico. En casos bien claros de autismo los clinicos deben considerar la posibilidad de anomalías del cromosoma Y, asi como del cromosoma X;
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOTOS SYNDROME
Authors: Rutter S. C. , Cole T. R. P.
Published: July 2010

A preliminary investigation of the psychological characteristics of 16 children aged between five and 15 years who met the strict diagnostic criteria for Sotos syndrome demonstrated that, while cognitive abilities vary, there are behavioural patterns that are characteristic of the disorder. The children were reported to have high rates of behavioural disturbance at home, particularly tantrums, destructiveness, social withdrawal, and eating and sleeping difficulties. The children were reported to present fewer problems in the school environment. Other difficulties expressed by parents are also described and quantified.

Caractéristiques psychologiques du syndrome de Sotos

L'investigation préliminaire des caractéristiques psychologiques de 16 enfants âgés de cinq à 15 ans chez qui les critères de diagnostic strict de syndrome de Sotos étaient présents, a montré une variation des capacités cognitives et en revanche des attitudes comportementales caractéristiques du trouble. On observait un taux élevé de troubles chez les enfants élevés à la maison particulièrement les crises de colère, les crises destructives, le retrait social, et les difficultés pour manger et dormir. Les problèmes dans l'environnement scolaire étaient plus limités. D'autres troubles exprimés par les parents furent également décrits et quantifiés.

Psychologische Charakteristiken beim Sotos Syndrom

Eine vorläufige Untersuchung der psychologischen Charakteristiken bei 16 Kindern im Alter zwischen fünf und 15 Jahren, die die genauen diagnostischen Kriterien für ein Sotos Syndrom erfüllten, zeigten, daß es für die Erkrankung charakteristische Verhaltensmuster gibt, während die kognitiven Fähigkeiten wechseln. Es wurde berichtet, daß die Kinder zu Hause sehr häufig Verhaltensstörungen haben, insbesondere schlechte Laune, Zerstörungswut, soziale Zurückgezogenheit, und Eß‐ und Schlafschwierigkeiten. In der Schule sollen die Kinder weniger Probleme gezeigt haben. Die anderen von den Eltern dargestellten Schwierigkeiten wurden ebenfalls beschrieben und quantifiziert.

Características psicológicas del síndrome de Sotos

Una investigación preliminar de las característícas psicológicas de 16 niños de cinco a 15 años de edad que cumplían estrictamente los criterios del síndrome de Sotos, demostró que, mìentras las habilidades cognitìvas variaban, hay unos patrones de comportamiento que son característicos de este síndrome. Se observó que los niños tenían unas frecuencias altas de alteracìón del comportamiento en casa especialmente berrinches dificultades en la comida y el sueño, tendencias destructivas vas y retirada social. Se observó que los niños presentaban pocos problemas en el ambiente de la escuela. Se describían y se cuantificaban también otras citadas por los padres.
Autistic Syndrome with Onset at Age 31 Years: Herpes Encephalitis as a Possible Model for Childhood Autism
Authors: Gillberg I. Carina
Published: July 2010

The author describes a previously healthy man who contracted herpes encephalitis at the age of 31 years, and over the following months developed all the symptoms considered diagnostic of autism. This case report casts doubt on the notion of autism as an exclusively developmental disorder. It is suggested that temporal lobe damage may cause autism in some cases.

Le syndrome autistique avec début à l'âge de 31 ans. L'éncéphalite herpétique comme modèle possible de l'autisme infantile

L'auteur décrit le cas d'un homme antérieurement en bonne santé ayant contracté une encéphalite herpétique à l'âge de 31 ans, et qui dans les mois suivants présenta tous les symptômes permettant un diagnostic d'autisme. Ce cas entraîne un doute sur la notion d'autisme comme étant exlusivement un trouble de développement. Il est suggéré que les lésions du lobe temporal peuvent causer un autisme dans certains cas.

Autistisches Syndrom mit Beginn im Alter von 31 Jahren. Herpes Enzephalitis als mögliche Ursache des Autismus im Kindesalter

Die Autorin beschreibt einen zunächst gesunden Mann, der mit 31 Jahren eine Herpes Enzephalitis bekam und in den folgenden Monaten alle Symptome entwickelte, die für Autismus pathognomonisch sind. Dieser Fallbericht stellt die Annahme in Zweifel, Autismus sei eine reine Entwicklungsstörung. Die Autorin vermutet, daß in einigen Fällen eine Schädigung des Temporallappens die Ursache für einen Autismus sein kann.

Síndrome autístico de comienzo a los 31 años. La encefalitis herpética como un posible modelo para el autismo infantil

La autora describe un hombre, hasta entonces sano, que padeció una encefalitis herpética a los 31 años de edad, y que en los meses siguientes desarrolló todo los sintomas considerados diagnósticos de autismo. Este caso hace dudar de la idea de que el autismo es una alteración exclusivamente del desarrollo. Se sugiere que en algunos casos una lesión del lóbulo temporal puede causar autismo.
SELECTION OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY FOR CONDUCTIVE EDUCATION AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN JUDGED SUITABLE AND UNSUITABLE
Authors: Bairstow Phillip , Cochrane Raymond , Rusk Ilene
Published: July 2010

The method of selection of children for conductive education and their characteristics were studied at the Birmingham Institute. A comparison group allowed evaluation of those judged unsuitable for conductive education. It was found that only approximately 35 per cent of children with cerebral palsy are suitable for conductive education, although those accepted have a wide range of abilities; a wide range of conditions make children unsuitable for conductive education; and the majority of parents with potentially suitable children do not seek conductive education.

Auswahl cerebralparetischer Kinder und ihre Eignung für ein Förderprogramm

Am Birmingham Institut wurde eine Methode zur Auswahl von Kindern für ein Förderprogramm, und ihre Eignung untersucht. Eine Vergleichsgruppe ermöglichte die Beurteilung der Kinder, die für das Förderprogramm nicht geeignet erschienen. Es fand sich, daß nur etwa 35 Prozent der cerebralparetischen Kinder für das Förderprogramm geeignet sind, obwohl die angenommenen ein breites Spektrum von Fähigkeiten haben; Kinder, bei denen ein breites Spektrum von Konditionen vorliegt, sind für das Förderprogramm ungeeignet; und die Mehrzahl der Eltern von eventuell geeigneten Kindern interessieren sich nicht für das Förderprogramm.

Seleción y características de niños con parálisis cerebral en vistas a una educación conductiva

En el Instituto Birmingham se estudió el método de selección de niños para una educatión conductista, así como sus características. Un grupo control permitió la evaluatión de los que eran juzgados adecuados para la educación conductista. Se halló que sólo aproximadamente el 35 por ciento de los niños con parálisis cerebral eran adecuados, si bien los aceptados tenían un amplio campo de habilidades. Un amplio campo de condiciones hacia a los niños no adecuados para una educación conductista. La mayoria de padres con niños potencialmente adecuados no buscaban una educación conductista.
NORMAL RANGES OF HIP MOTION OF PRETERM INFANTS
Authors: Katzy Kalman , Davidson Shmuel , Dulitzky Frederica , Naor Nora , Wielunsky Eliyahu , Merlob Paul
Published: July 2010

The hip motion of 158 preterm infants with gestational ages between 25 and 36 weeks was measured. The results of this study, compared with those of previous studies of term infants, show that hip motion changes with increasing gestational age above 25 to 27 weeks.

Etendue normale des mouvements de hanche chez les prématurésLa mobilité de hanche de 158 prématurés, d'âge de gestation compris entre 25 et 36 semaines, a été mesurée. Les résultats de cette étude, comparés à ceux d'études précédentes d'enfants nés à terme, montre que la mobilité de hanche change avec un âge de gestation accru au dessus de 25 à 27 semaines.

Normalwerte der Hüftbewegung bei Frühgeborenen

Bei 158 Frühgeborenen mit einem Gestationsalter zwischen 25 und 36 Wochen wurden die Hüftbewegungen gemessen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie, verglichen mit denen früherer Studien bei zum Termin geborenen Kindern, zeigen, daß sich die Hüftbewegung von der 25, bis 27. Woche mit zunehmendem Gestationsalter ändert.

Margen normal de la motilidad de cadera en niños pretérmino

Se midió la motilidad de la cadera en 158 niños pretérmino con edades gestacionales de 25 a 36 semanas. Los resultados de este estudio, compara dos con estudios previos en niños a término, muestran que la motilidad de la cadera cambia al aumentar la edad gestacional por encima de las 25 a 27 semanas.
SELF‐ESTEEM, ASPIRATIONS AND EXPECTATIONS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITY
Authors: Arnold Paul , Chapman Melanie
Published: July 2010

Fifteen adolescents with physical disabilities were compared with able‐bodied controls by means of questionnaires to assess their self‐esteem and their future aspirations and expectations. There was no significant difference for self‐esteem between the two groups. This encouraging finding is inconsistent with earlier findings of low self‐esteem. There was no significant correlation between the self‐esteem of the physically disabled adolescents and the difference between their aspirations and expectations; however, there was a significant negative correlation for the able‐bodied controls.

Auto‐appréciation, aspirations et attentes d'adolescents présentant des incapacités motrices

Des questionnaires ont permis d'évaluer l'auto‐appréciation, les aspirations pour le futur et les attentes chez 15 adolescents présentant des incapacités motrices, comparés avec des contrôles sans incapacités. Il n'a pas été trouvé de différences d'auto‐appréciation entre les deux groupes. Ces données encourageants contredisent les données antérieures de pauvre auto‐appréciation. Il n'y avail pas de correlation significative entre l'auto‐appréciation des adolescents présentant des incapacités motrices et leurs aspirations ou attentes; il y avail en revanche une corrélation négative significative chez les contrôles sans incapacités.

Selbstwertgefühl, Wünsche und Erwartungen von körperlich behinderten Jugendlichen

Fünfzehn körperlich behinderte Jugendliche wurden mit gesunden Kontrollen anhand von Fragenbögen verglichen, urn ihr Selbstwertgefühl und ihre Wünsche und Erwartungen für die Zukunft zu erforschen. Es fand sich zwischen den beiden Gruppen kein Unterschied in Bezug auf das Selbstwertgefühl. Dieses ermutigende Ergebnis widerlegt frühere Befunde von einem niedrigen Selbstwertgefühl. Es gab keine signifikante Beziehung zwischen dem Selbstwertgefühl der körperlich behinderten Jugendlichen und ihren Wünschen und Erwartungen; dagegen gab es für die gesunden Kontrollen eine negative signifikante Korrelation.

Autoestima, aspiraciones y expectativas de los adolescentes con dificultades físicas

Quince adolescentes con deficiencias físicas fueron comparados con controles fïsicamente capaces, por medio de cuestionarios para evaluar su autoestima y sus futuras aspiraciones y expectativas. No había ninguna diferencia entre los dos grupos por lo que hacía a la autoestima. Este hallazgo animador es inconsistente con hallazgos anteriores de baja estima. No había correlación significativa entre la autoestima de los adolescentes con incapacidad física y sus aspiraciones y expectativas. Sin embargo había una correlación negative significativa en los control les físicamente capaces.
Chiari Malformation Typo I in a Child with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Gerard Christophe L. , Dugas Michel , Narcy Philippe , Hertz‐Pannier Julie
Published: July 2010

A five‐year‐old girl was referred for chronic and stable velopharyngeal insufficiency. Pharyngoplasly was performed, without significant improvement, and further neurological investigation was undertaken. Clinical examination and electromyography led to a suspicion of denervation of the IX, X and XI cranial nerves. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a type I Chiari malformation.

Malformation de Chiari de type I chez un enfant présentant line insuffisance vélopharyngienne chronique

Une fillette de cinq ans consulta pour une insuffisance vélo‐pharyngienne chronique et stable. Une pharyngoplastie fut pratiquée sans guère de résultats et un examen neurologique ultérieur fut effectué. Les données cliniques et électromyographiques conduisirent à suspecter une paralysie des paires craniennes IX, X et XI. L'imagerie en résonance magnétique révéla une malformation de Chiari de type I.

Chiari Mißbildung Typ I bei eirtem Kind mit chronischer velopharyngeal Insuffizienz

Ein fünfjähriges Mädchen wurde wegen einer chronischen velopharyngealen Insuffizienz eingewiesen. Es wurden eine Pharyngoplastik, die keinen signifikanten Erfolg hatte, und verschiedene neurologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die klinische Untersuchung und die elektromyographischen Befunde ließen eine Degeneration der Hirnnerven IX, X und XI vermuten, Im Kemspinntomogramm fand man eine Chiari Mißbildung Typ 1.

Malformación de Chiari de tipo I en un niño con insuficiencia crónica velofaríngea

Una niña de cinco años de edad fue visitada por una insuficiencia velofaríngea crónica y estable. Se realizó una faringoplastia sin obtener ninguna mejoría significativa, y se practicó un studio neurológico. El examen clínico y la electromiografía llevaron a la sospecha de una denervación de los pares craneales IX, X y XI. La Resonancia Magnética reveló una malformación de Arnold Chiari del tipo I.
Neuropsychological findings in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Croona Cecilia , Kihlgren Margareta , Lundberg Staffan , Eeg‐Olofsson Orvar , Eeg‐Olofsson Karin Edebol
Published: July 2010

Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) is a well‐known idiopathic age‐ and localization‐related epileptic syndrome with characteristic clinical and EEG manifestations. Due to the reported benign evolution of this epilepsy syndrome, neuropsychological assessment has been considered unnecessary. However, the benign nature of BCECTS has recently been challenged: verbal dysfunction as well as impaired visuomotor coordination, specific learning disabilities, and attention deficit have been noticed. These findings prompted this research study in which all children with BCECTS attending our epilepsy clinic underwent neuropsychological assessment. Seventeen children (10 boys and seven girls) aged 7 to 14 years were investigated with a neuropsychological test battery focusing on immediate and delayed recall of auditory‐verbal and visual material, verbal fluency, problem‐solving ability, and visuospatial constructional ability. Raven's coloured matrices and questionnaires regarding school functioning and behaviour were also administered. The children were matched with control subjects for age, sex, and school. Children with BCECTS had significantly lower scores than their control subject partners on the neuropsychological items. Intellectual abilities did not differ and neither did school functioning or behaviour according to teachers. Parents, however, recognized greater difficulties with concentration, temperament, and impulsiveness in children with BCECTS.
Epilepsy in disintegrative psychosis and infantile autism: a long‐term validation study
Authors: Mouridsen Svend Erik , Rich Bente , MD Torben Isager
Published: July 2010

This study aimed to investigate the validity of disintegrative psychosis (DP) as defined in the ICD‐9. The history of epilepsy in 13 subjects with DP was compared with that of 39 subjects with infantile autism (IA) who were matched for sex, age, IQ, and socioeconomic status (SES). The average follow‐up time was 22 and 23 years (range 11 to 33 years). A significant difference was found between the DP and IA groups in terms of incidence of epilepsy, 77% versus 33% respectively. The peak period of onset of epilepsy occurred before puberty in both groups. Different types of epilepsy were seen, but the psychomotor variant accounted for 50% in the DP group, while 46% of the IA group had the psychomotor and 62% had the grand mal variant. The types are not mutually exclusive. Individuals without epilepsy had significantly higher IQ scores than those with epilepsy, but only within the IA group. The increased risk of developing epilepsy in the DP group is most likely a reflection of an underlying early brain pathology probably present in most individuals with DP. On the whole our findings can be seen as a contribution to the validation of DP as separate from IA, as these two conditions could be distinguished in terms of the way they develop with reference to epilepsy.
Fatal haemorrhagic infarct in an infant with homocystinuria
Authors: Cardo E , Campistol J , Caritg J , Ruiz S , Vilaseca M A , Kirkham F , Blom H J
Published: July 2010

Thrombotic and thromboembolic complications are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with homocystinuria. However, it is unusual for thrombosis and infarction to be the presenting feature leading to investigation for homocystinuria and cerebrovascular lesions in the first year of life. We describe a previously healthy 6‐month‐old infant who presented with a large middle‐cerebral‐artery territory infarction and died of massive brain swelling. Homocystinuria due to cystathionine b ‐synthase (CBS) deficiency was diagnosed by metabolite analysis and confirmed by enzymatic activity measurement in a postmortem liver biopsy. Homocystinuria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of venous or arterial thrombosis, regardless of age, even in the absence of other common features of the disease. We recommend systematic metabolic screening for hyperhomocysteinemia in any child presenting with vascular lesions or premature thromboembolism.
Fingertip forces during object manipulation in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. II: Bilateral coordination
Authors: Gordon Andrew M , Charles Jeanne , Duff Susan V
Published: July 2010

The present study examines the coordination of fingertip forces during object manipulation in both the involved and non‐involved hand of 14 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) aged between 8 and 14 years. While no impairment could be observed in the non‐involved hand, subtle deficits in the sequencing of the grip–lift movement were observed in all children tested in this hand. However, they were able to scale the fingertip force output of the non‐involved hand in advance (use anticipatory control) based on the object's weight. In the second experiment in this paper, we tested whether the anticipatory control can be generalized across hands. The results indicate that sensory information from the non‐involved hand can be used for anticipatory scaling of isometric force increase during subsequent lifts with the contralateral involved hand. These findings suggest that the initial lack of anticipatory control usually observed in the involved hand of children with hemiplegic CP is likely to be based on disturbed sensory input.
Rasmussen's encephalitis followed by lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lascelles K , Dean A F , Robinson Richard O
Published: July 2010

A 6‐year‐old female presented with right hemichorea, initially thought to be post‐streptococcal, which subsequently progressed to a right dystonic hemiplegia. At 7½ years she developed right focal and secondary generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. These became intractable. A brain biopsy was consistent with Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE). At 9½ years the child underwent a left hemispherectomy making a good recovery with resolution of seizures. At 12 years she presented with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, fever, and malar rash with serological evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A possible link between RE and SLE is discussed.
Growth of children on the ketogenic diet
Authors: Vining Eileen P G , Pyzik Paula , McGrogan Jane , Hladky Heather , Anand Akash , Kriegler Steven , Freeman John M
Published: July 2010

This is a prospective cohort study of 237 children (130 males, 107 females) placed on the ketogenic diet for control of intractable epilepsy (mean age at starting diet 3 years 8 months; age range 2 months to 9 years 10 months); average length of follow‐up was 308 days. There were 133 children on the diet at 1 year and 76 at 2 years. Height and weight measurements were converted into age‐ and sex‐appropriatezscores. There was a rapid drop in weightzscores in the first 3 months. After this initial period, the weightzscore remained constant in children who started the diet below the median weight for their age and sex, althoughzscores continued to decrease in children starting above the median. There was a small decrease in heightzscores in the first 6 months (<0.5); however, there were larger changes by 2 years. There was no difference based on sex for either height or weight. The ketogenic diet generally provides sufficient nutrition to maintain growth within normal parameters over a defined period. Very young children grow poorly on the diet and should be followed‐up carefully over long periods of use.
Influence of supine sleep positioning on early motor milestone acquisition
Authors: Majnemer Annette , Barr Ronald G
Published: July 2010

This study aimed to determine whether supine sleep‐positioned infants have delayed motor skills at age 4 and 6 months, and if delays are associated with decreased exposure to prone position. One 4 and one 6‐month‐old sample of healthy infants born at term were recruited. Motor assessments included the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS) and Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Parents completed an infant behavior diary for 3 consecutive days. Seventy‐one 4‐month‐old infants were assessed (38 males; mean age 4.4mo, standard deviation [SD] 0.2). Mean motor scores were close to normative standards (AIMS 47.7, SD 19.6; PDMS gross motor quotient [GMQ] 96.3, SD 6.5; PDMS fine motor quotient [FMQ] 99.2, SD 4.8). No infant scored below cut‐off values used to identify motor delay. Milestones less likely to be achieved included extended arm support in prone, hands to feet in supine, and sitting with arm support. Exposure to‘tummy time’while awake was correlated with AIMS scores (r=0.38,p<0.01). Fifty 6‐month‐old infants were assessed (21 males; mean age 6.4mo, SD 0.4). Mean scores were shifted down for all scales, and as much as 1 SD for PDMS (AIMS 44.5, SD 21.6; PDMS GMQ 85.7, SD 7.6; PDMS FMQ 88.9, SD 9.0). Only 22% of 6‐month‐olds could sit without arm support versus 50% expected in a normative sample. Remarkably, 22% of our sample exhibited gross motor delays (quotient<78). Tummy time (awake) was significantly associated with the AIMS (r=0.64) and PDMS GMQ (r=0.55) and FMQ (r=0.33) quotients, even after adjusting for confounders. Typically developing infants who were sleep‐positioned in supine had delayed motor development by age 6 months, and this was significantly associated with limited exposure to awake prone positioning. This has important implications for interpreting motor assessments of infants at risk and for preventing inappropriate referrals.
Pedobarometric evaluation of equinus foot disorder after injection of botulinum toxin A in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study
Authors: Falso M , Fiaschi A , Manganotti P
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) injections on function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using pedobarometric data collected in a standing position. Ten children with CP (seven males, three females) participated, five with diplegia and five with hemiplegia. All children exhibited signs of unilateral dynamic equinus foot disorder and were community ambulators. Age range at the time of treatment was 6 to 13 years (mean age 9y, SD 2.5). A comprehensive clinical examination and a pedobarometric evaluation were performed before and after BTX‐A injection. All children received at least one injection in each spastic muscle. BTX‐A was given to eight children unilaterally and to two children bilaterally. A maximum dose of 4 to 8 units of BTX‐A per kilogram body weight was administered. In comparison with pretreatment values, the pedobarometric evaluation revealed a significant increase in the whole plantar surface area on the affected side (p<0.05), an increase in the peak pressure value at the hindfoot on the affected side (p<0.05), and a significant shift in the body centre of mass to the affected limb (p<0.05) 1 month after treatment with BTX‐A. A significant decrease in the peak pressure value at the hindfoot on the unaffected side was also observed. Similarly, a decrease in the modified Ashworth scale and an increase in the range of motion were observed. Thus, BTX‐A produces a significant plantar surface modification and a significant shift of the body centre of mass which represents an indirect measure of postural attitude. Pedobarometric evaluation can also be useful in quantifying clinical changes after treatment with BTX‐A.
A systematic review of the effects of early intervention on motor development
Authors: Blauw‐Hospers Cornill H , Hadders‐Algra Mijna
Published: July 2010

We present a systematic review on the effect of early intervention, starting between birth and a corrected age of 18 months, on motor development in infants at high risk for, or with, developmental motor disorders. Thirty‐four studies fulfilled the selection criteria. Seventeen studies were performed within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment. Eight studies had a high methodological quality. They evaluated various forms of intervention. Results indicated that the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) intervention might have a temporary positive effect on motor development. Twelve of the 17 post‐NICU studies had a high methodological quality. They addressed the effect of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) and specific or general developmental programmes. The results showed that intervention in accordance with the principles of NDT does not have a beneficial effect on motor development. They also indicated that specific or general developmental programmes can have a positive effect on motor outcome. We concluded that the type of intervention that might be beneficial for infants at preterm age differs from the type that is effective in infants who have reached at least term age. Preterm infants seem to benefit most from intervention that aims at mimicking the intrauterine environment, such as NIDCAP intervention. After term age, intervention by means of specific or general developmental programmes has a positive effect on motor development.
State‐of‐the‐Art‐Review: Immunomodulatory effects of opioids
Authors: Odunayo Adesola , Dodam John R. , Kerl Marie E. , DeClue Amy E.
Published: July 2010

Objective –To review the immunomodulatory effects of opioids.

Data Sources –Original research publications and review articles using the PubMed search engine with the following keywords – opioids, morphine, immuomodulation, and immunosuppression.

Veterinary and Human Data Synthesis –Opioids have been shown to modulate the immune system in animal models by affecting both the acquired and innate arms of the immune system. Natural killer cell activity, T‐cell proliferation, antibody production, phagocytic cell function, and cytokine production have all been shown to be affected by opioids. Many of these effects are reversed by opioid antagonists. Opioids have also been shown to induce sepsis in laboratory animals. Opioid administration alters immune parameters in healthy humans at analgesic doses and may increase the risk of infection in some patient populations.

Conclusions –While opioids remain the most powerful and widely used analgesics available, their negative effects on the immune system are well established in the laboratory setting. Thoughtful consideration should be given to the use of certain opioids in critically ill patients, especially those with pre‐existing immunocompromise.
Fulminant herpes simplex virus hepatic failure in pregnancy requiring liver transplantation
Authors: THURMAN R.H. , KÖNIG K. , WATKINS A. , WEERASIRI T. , PERMEZEL M.
Published: July 2010

Herpes simplex virus hepatitis is a rare but potentially fatal condition that usually affects the immunocompromised, including pregnant women. This case report details the course of fulminant hepatic failure in a woman at 31 weeks gestation resulting in emergent delivery of the fetus and liver transplant in the mother.
Inhibitory RNA in epilepsy: Research tools and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Boison Detlev
Published: July 2010

Since its discovery a decade ago, RNA interference (RNAi) has been developed not only into powerful experimental tools but also into promising novel therapeutics. In contrast to conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that target specific proteins such as ion channels or receptors, RNAi‐based therapeutics exploit an endogenous regulatory mechanism of gene expression and thereby are poised to prevent or reverse pathogenetic mechanisms involved in seizure development. Therapeutic RNAi has been widely explored for dominant targets involved in neurodegenerative diseases; however, their use for epilepsy therapy has received less attention. This review discusses potential RNAi‐based targets that are of interest for epilepsy therapy, including adenosine kinase (ADK), the key negative regulator of the brain’s endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine. Overexpression of ADK, and the resulting adenosine deficiency, are pathologic hallmarks of the sclerotic epileptic brain, and have been implicated in seizure generation. Therefore, RNAi‐strategies aimed at reducing ADK (and increasing adenosine) are based on a direct neurochemical rationale that has recently been explored experimentally using ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy approaches. Technical issues and challenges remain before those promising tools can be developed into future therapeutics for epilepsy.