bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TECHNOLOGY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES: A FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Gowher Hassan
Published: August 2023

Educational technology is undergoing a transformative evolution, bringing forth a convergence of digital tools, platforms, and methodologies to augment the learning journey. The proliferation of Learning Management Systems (LMS) and collaborative tools has ushered in an era of online learning, amplified by global shifts like the COVID-19 pandemic. These virtual platforms are redefining the boundaries of teaching, enabling a connection beyond physical spaces. Simultaneously, advancements in artificial intelligence and data analytics are reshaping personalized learning by discerning individual learner needs and facilitating real-time feedback. This evolving landscape is further enriched by emergent technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), and Augmented Reality (AR). These innovations offer immersive, tailored experiences, reimagining traditional pedagogies. AI tailors education to individual needs, VR offers experiential realms previously unattainable, and AR provides an enriched overlay of information on the real world, revolutionising engagement. However, with these strides comes a responsibility to address underlying challenges: ensuring privacy, bridging the digital divide, and addressing potential biases in educational algorithms. The focus on accessibility and inclusivity is paramount, and technology plays a pivotal role in democratizing access to quality education. This synthesis underscores the imperative of interweaving technological advancements with core educational values, ensuring that the integration is both meaningful and equitable.
Đánh giá tác động của dự án đầu tư đến khu dự trữ sinh quyển thế giới sử dụng thuật toán học máy và độ đo cảnh quan.
Authors: Đỗ Thị Nhung , Phạm Anh Cường , Trương Quang Hải , Giang Văn Trọng , Phạm Hạnh Nguyên , Ngô Xuân Quý , Phạm Văn Mạnh
Published: August 2023

Phát triển kinh tế xã hội là một trong những nhân tác thúc đẩy mạnh mẽ và nhanh chóng nhất đến thay đổi sử dụng đất có tác động đến môi trường sống và mẫu dạng cảnh quan. Để dự đoán và giảm thiểu những tác động này, các nhà quy hoạch môi trường và quản lý bảo tồn cần có các công cụ và phương pháp để có thể sử dụng ở giai đoạn lập kế hoạch ban đầu. Nghiên cứu này điều tra và lựa chọn các chỉ số độ đo cảnh quan để đánh giá tác động của dự án phát triển du lịch đến môi trường sống, sự phân mảnh và kết nối sinh thái. Khác với các nghiên cứu trước đây tập trung vào việc sử dụng các chỉ số không gian đơn lẻ để mô tả sự phân mảnh cảnh quan, nghiên cứu này đề xuất Chỉ số lượng hóa phân mảnh cảnh quan tổng hợp (OLFI) để phân tích và đánh giá tính không đồng nhất về không gian và thời gian của sự phân mảnh cảnh quan ở Vườn quốc gia (VQG) Núi Chúa - Khu dự trữ sinh quyển thế giới. Nghiên cứu sử dụng thuật toán học máy để phân loại LULC với độ chính xác tổng thể đạt 92,84% và hệ số Kappa là 0,90. Kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy khi có dự án phát triển du lịch mức độ tác động tăng đáng kể đến cấu trúc cảnh quan của khu vực VQG Núi Chúa. OLFI được xây dựng như là một chỉ số mới để lượng hóa sự tác động của các dự án đầu tư hay những tác động của con người đối với cảnh quan Di sản thiên nhiên và là tài liệu tham khảo cho các mục đích bảo tồn, lập kế hoạch sử dụng đất ở các khu vực tương tự khác tại Việt Nam và trên thế giới.
LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION AND TENDON INTERPOSITION ARTHROPLASTY WITH SUTURE ANCHOR IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT ARTHRITIS OF THE THUMB
Authors: zeybek Hakan , c Ali , Cici Hakan
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the clinical, functional, and radiological results of patients after early rehabilitation (<2 weeks) following surgical treatment for thumb carpometacarpal joint arthrosis using the ligament reconstruction and flexor carpi radialis tendon interposition with trapezoid suture anchor fixation technique.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 13 thumbs of 12 patients (2 males, 10 females; mean age 63.7 years) who were operated on with the ligament reconstruction and flexor carpi radialis tendon interposition with trapezoid suture anchor fixation technique, because of thumb carpometacarpal joint arthrosis between April 2016 and November 2022. At the final follow-up examination, a record was made of the demographic data, scapho-metacarpal space on the radiological evaluation, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scale score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, and key pinch, tip pinch, and grip strength measurements.

Results: The mean follow-up period was 36.3 months (range, 12-80 months). In the mean radiological follow-up period of 11.8 months (range, 5-22 months), the mean VAS score decreased from 7.1 (range, 5-10) to 1.7 (range, 1-3), and the mean DASH score from 75.8 (range, 54-90) to 18.2 (range, 7 -32). No significant decrease was determined in the scapho-metacarpal space during the follow-up period. At the final follow-up examination, grip strength was measured as mean 28.7kg (range, 24-39kg), key pinch strength as 2.82kg (range, 2-3.7kg) and tip pinch strength as 2.5kg (range, 1.8-3.4kg).

Conclusion: Ligament reconstruction and flexor carpi radialis tendon interposition with trapezoid suture anchor fixation can be an effective alternative surgical treatment method for thumb carpometacarpal joint arthrosis in respect of both clinical and functional results.
Potential probiotics from fruit waste coming from traditional markets in Semarang City: Study of chemical and microbiological quality
Authors: Sulistiyanto Bambang , Utama Cahya , Sumarsih Sri
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study aimed to examine the potential for probiotics in fruit waste from traditional markets in Semarang City in terms of chemical and microbiological qualities.
Materials and Methods: The study used two designs: a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications.
Result: The research on mapping the potential of fruit waste originating from various traditional markets in Semarang City based on different market activities affected the potential hydrogen (pH) value, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total bacteria, and total fungi of fruit waste, while carbo¬hydrate, protein, fat, and fiber content were not affected. Identification of fruit waste as a fer¬mentation starter affected the pH value, total acidity, total LAB, total bacteria, total fungi, and Salmonella, while Escherichia coli was not affected. Waste from supplier market activities yielded a better pH, better chemical and microbiological content, and contained carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber of 59.83, 3.53, 2.67, and 4.94 gm/100 gm.
Conclusion: The best fermentation time for fruit wastage was four days, which had a pH value of 2.85, total acid of 0.90%, total LAB, total bacteria, and total fungi of 4.00. 6.33, and 3.00 log colony-forming unit/gm, and no pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella or E. coli. Fruit waste could be used as probiotics, with fermentation processing for four days to improve the chemical and micro¬biological quality of the waste.
DİŞHEKİMLİĞİ HASTALARININ ORAL KANSER VE PREKANSER KONUSUNDA BİLGİ VE FARKINDALIKLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ERSOY Halil , YILDIRIM Özgün , MOLLAOĞLU Nur
Published: August 2023

Giriş: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı'na rutin dental muayene için başvuran bir grup hastanın ağız kanseri ve prekanser hakkındaki bilgi ve farkındalığını değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, 15 Ocak - 15 Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı'na dental muayene için başvuran hastaları kapsayan klinik bir çalışmadır.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların %60,5'inin (n=363) ağız kanseri hakkında bilgi sahibi olmadığı, 237 katılımcının ise ağız kanserini daha önce duyduğunu belirttiği tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak, katılımcıların %84,8'i (n=509) prekanseröz lezyonları daha önce hiç duymadıklarını belirtmiştir. Bununla beraber, diş hekimi ziyaret sıklığı arttıkça ağız kanseri ve prekanseröz lezyonlara ilişkin farkındalığın da arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma popülasyonu arasında anlamlı bir farkındalık bulunmamasına rağmen, diş hekimini daha sık ziyaret eden bireylerde daha yüksek farkındalık gözlenmiştir. Ek olarak ağız kanserini daha önce duyduğunu belirten katılımcıların %12.2’si televizyon ve gazete gibi kitlesel iletişim araçlarından, %9.3’ü diş hekiminden, %15.8’i internetten duyduğunu belirtmiştir.

Sonuç: Sonuçlar, ülke genelinde toplumun ağız kanseri konusundaki farkındalığını ve bilgi düzeyini artırmak için eğitim girişimleri, kitle iletişim araçları ve benzeri araçlar kullanılarak bilgilendirme kampanyalarının uygulanması gerektiğini göstermektedir.
Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of two different iron supplementation products in suckling piglets
Authors: Morales Joaquin , Manso Alberto , Martin-Jimenez Tomas , Karembe Hamadi , Sperling Daniel
Published: August 2023

Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of two iron sources, gleptoferron (GLF) and iron dextran (DXT) in two-day old piglets. Materials and methods: A total of 32 piglets from four litters were used in the study. On the second day of life, eight piglets were selected per litter and injected with one of two sources of iron, GLF or DXT (four piglets per treatment group in each litter). Blood samples were collected prior to treatment and 1, 2, 6, 10, and 12 hours after treatment. Additional samples were collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 19, and 24. Serum iron and ferritin concentrations were analyzed in all samples and the following pharmacokinetic parameters of iron were calculated: the peak concentration, time to peak concentration, half time, and extent of absorption. Hematological parameters were also analyzed to assess the iron status: hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Piglets were individually weighed weekly. Results: No significant differences in growth performance were observed between groups. Both products were efficient to prevent iron deficiency and anemia in the suckling period. The absorption and the bioavailability of iron were higher with GLF than DXT (overall iron serum concentration, P < .001). Implications: Under the conditions of this study, both iron products are efficient to prevent iron deficiency and anemia in the suckling period. Absorption and bioavailability of GLF are significantly higher and have a confirmed different pharmacokinetic profile to DXT.
Reduced mortality and morbidity associated with verotoxin 2e-induced edema disease in pigs using a recombinant verotoxin 2e vaccine
Authors: Mallorqui Joaquim , Simon-Grife Meritxell , Ferrer-Soler Laura , Roca Merce , March Ricard , Sitja Marta
Published: August 2023

Objective: The efficacy of Vepured, a recombinant verotoxin 2e (VT2e) vaccine, against clinical signs and mortality of VT2e-induced toxemia was evaluated in a controlled experimental challenge. Materials and methods: Piglets free of VT2e neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were selected and blocked by weight and litter and randomly allocated between three groups: vaccinated (n = 32); non-vaccinated (n = 32); and non-vaccinated, non-challenged (n = 10). Piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly with 1 mL of Vepured (vaccinated) or phosphate-buffered saline (non-vaccinated) at two days of age. The onset and duration of protection were investigated via intravenous VT2e challenge, using mortality and clinical signs related to VT2e-induced toxemia. Results: Mortality in the non-vaccinated piglets was 92.3% and 68.8% at the onset of immunity and through the experiment duration, respectively, whereas all vaccinated piglets survived the challenge. The total clinical score and percentage of animals with clinical signs were greater (P < .05) in the non-vaccinated group. Also, vaccinated pigs had better growth performance than non-vaccinated pigs. Neutralizing antibodies against VT2e were detected in most (78.6%) vaccinated piglets at 21 days and in all vaccinated piglets at 28 days and mean NAb titers (log2) were 3.9 and 4.3, respectively. Moreover, NAb persisted for at least 112 days in most (94.1%) vaccinated animals (mean NAb titer was 3.8). Implications: In this study, active immunization with Vepured conferred effective protection against VT2e-induced toxemia, reducing the presence and severity of clinical signs and preventing mortality related to VT2e-induced toxemia from 21 to 112 days after vaccination.
Comparison of postmortem airway swabs and lung tissue for detection of common porcine respiratory pathogens by bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction assays
Authors: Burrough Eric , Schwartz Andrea , Gauger Philip , Harmon Karen , Krull Adam , Schwartz Kent
Published: August 2023

Objective: To compare pathogen detection from tracheobronchial swabs with lung tissue in diagnostic submissions from pigs with reported respiratory disease. Materials and methods: Individual lung samples (n = 153) from 133 laboratory submissions were included in this study. Inclusion criteria were a lung sample where the tracheal bifurcation or major bronchus was readily identifiable and a clinical report of respiratory disease symptoms. Sterile, nylon-flocked swabs were used to sample the largest available airway before the lung tissue was routinely processed for diagnostic testing. Swabs were placed in Amies transport medium and tested in blinded parallel with the lung tissue by bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for common swine respiratory pathogens. Results: There was excellent agreement between PCR detection from lung and bronchial swab samples for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, influenza A virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and porcine circovirus 2 (kappa > 0.8, all assays). Agreement between bacterial culture from lung and swabs was substantial for Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella spp. and fair for Streptococcus suis. Lung tissue was culture positive more often than swabs for Haemophilus parasuis and Actinobacillus spp.; however, in these cases, PCR for the respective pathogen was 100% positive on swab samples regardless of culture status of the swab. Implications: Tracheobronchial swabs are a single, uniform sample that can be easily collected at postmortem and transported to the laboratory for detection of swine respiratory pathogens by culture and PCR. Such swabs may serve as a rapid screening tool for unexpected mortalities in a population.
Presence of Senecavirus A in pork sold in the United States
Authors: Petrovan Vlad , Fang Ying , Rowland Raymond
Published: August 2023

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and concentration of Senecavirus A (SVA) in meat sold at retail. Materials and methods: A total of 190 meat samples derived from 25 processing locations in 13 states were purchased through retail sources. The presence of virus in samples of muscle obtained from each package was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of SVA nucleic acid. A standard curve was constructed to estimate the concentration of viable virus in PCR-positive samples. Results: Two of the 190 meat samples (1.1%) were positive for SVA nucleic acid, but negative for virus by virus isolation. The amount of virus in the PCR-positive samples was estimated to be less than 14 virions/g of muscle. Implications: The low prevalence of SVA in the 190 retail-meat samples analyzed in this study, combined with a low concentration of SVA nucleic acid in the two SVA-positive samples, suggest a low risk for transmitting SVA through retail meat.
Growth performance and hematology characteristics in pigs treated with iron at birth and weaning and fed a nursery diet supplemented with a pharmacological level of zinc oxide
Authors: Estienne Mark , Clark-Deener Sherrie , Williams Kimberly
Published: August 2023

Objective: To determine effects of an iron dose at weaning on growth and hematology in pigs fed zinc. Materials and methods: Weaned pigs (n = 144) were allocated to treatments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (6 pens/treatment, 3 pigs/pen), with factors being pig size (large or small); number of 100 mg iron dextran doses (1 [birth] or 2 [birth and weaning]); and dietary zinc (100 or 2000 ppm). Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were determined. Blood samples were collected at weaning and 7 and 49 days post-weaning. Results: Anemia (hemoglobin < 9.0 g/dL) at weaning tended to be greater (P = .07) for large pigs and hemoglobin (P = .02) and hematocrit (P = .05) were greater in small pigs. Hematology was largely unaffected by number of iron doses or diet. Large pigs displayed greater ADG (P < .001) but poorer G:F (P = .002). Zinc-supplemented pigs had greater (P = .002) ADG and G:F from day 0 to 21. From day 22 to 49, G:F (P = .005) was greater for controls. Overall, zinc tended to increase ADFI in large (P = .09) but not small (P = .46) pigs. Growth was largely unaffected by number of iron doses. Implications: Anemia at weaning was common, especially for larger pigs, but was not exacerbated by zinc. An iron dose at weaning had minimal effects on growth. Dietary zinc enhanced growth early post-weaning but effects waned as pigs aged.
Performance of immunologically castrated pigs at a commercial demonstration farm over 3.5 years
Authors: Rueff Larry , Mellencamp Martha , Galina Pantoja Lucina
Published: August 2023

A longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate performance and mortality of male pigs following immunological castration with a commercial gonadotropin releasing hormone analog-diphtheria toxoid conjugate (Improvest). Twelve groups of intact male weanling pigs (approximately 250/group) were delivered to a single barn over 3.5 years. Two doses of Improvest were administered subcutaneously, with the first dose given at 10 to 15 weeks of age and the second dose given at 18 to 19 weeks of age. Wean-to-market average daily gain (ADG) among the 12 test groups ranged from 0.83 to 0.99 kg/day (mean, 0.89 kg/day), feed efficiency (FE) ranged from 2.10 to 2.50 (mean, 2.24), and mortality ranged from 1.61% to 7.20% (mean, 3.25%). When lysine levels were increased by approximately 12% (groups 6-12), ADG increased by 6.3% and FE improved by 4.1%. Except for group 7 mortality, performance of all groups surpassed two 2016 industry benchmarks for ADG, FE, and mortality (National Pork Board Top 25% Producers and MetaFarms). Immunologically castrated barrows performed similarly with or without antimicrobial feed additives under these conditions. This study demonstrated that immunological castration delivered consistent high performance and livability that exceeded industry benchmarks.
The effect of oral meloxicam on piglet performance in the preweaning period
Authors: Burkemper Mary , Cramer Caitlin , Moeller Steven , Pairis-Garcia Monique
Published: August 2023

A total of 5045 piglets were castrated and received 1 of 2 treatments: control (C; surgically castrated); or meloxicam (M; surgically castrated and administered oral meloxicam). Oral meloxicam administration at castration required 5 additional seconds and had no effect on average daily gain, mortality, or survivability in the preweaning period.
Modified wean-to-finish mat as an alternative handling tool for moving grow-finish pig cadavers: A pilot study
Authors: Akin Ella , Johnson Anna , Ross Jason , Millman Suzanne , Jass Cassandra , Stinn John , Stalder Kenneth
Published: August 2023

Through the National Pork Board, the US pork industry provides recommendations for humane handling tools and acceptable non-ambulatory pig handling methods. While these recommendations are useful, there is a lack of published evidence regarding the efficacy of humane handling tools commercially available for moving non-ambulatory pigs. Wean-to-finish mats are commonly used on-farm to provide comfortable resting areas for newly weaned pigs and to minimize feed waste around feeders. The objective of this project was to test a commercial wean-to-finish mat as a humane handling tool for non-ambulatory grow-finish pigs. On-farm testing was accomplished using pig cadavers (n = 3; 135, 118, and 68 kg) to evaluate mat effectiveness based on employee effort and preference. Our results do not support wean-to-finish mats as effective handling tools for moving non-ambulatory grow-finish pigs.
Fix the VIX: A quantum perspective on the fear index
Authors: Orrell David
Published: August 2023

From a quantum perspective, the most worrying aspect of the VIX is its mathematical construction.
Fake Product Identification System Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Shetkar Mrinal R
Published: August 2023

The Fake Product Identification System (FPIS) is a cutting-edge solution that tackles the global issue of counterfeit products by leveraging blockchain technology. In this system, each genuine product receives a unique digital identifier and is recorded on the blockchain during its production phase, ensuring a tamper-proof and traceable record. When consumers purchase a product, they can easily verify its authenticity through a mobile application that interfaces with the blockchain to retrieve relevant information. By eliminating the need for centralized databases and intermediaries, the FPIS provides a transparent and secure environment, protecting sensitive data and preventing potential fraud. With its decentralized consensus mechanism, the system maintains the integrity and immutability of product information, ensuring consumers can make informed choices and trust the authenticity of their purchases. Ultimately, the Fake Product Identification System aims to enhance consumer trust and revolutionize supply chain management, promoting a safer marketplace for all stakeholders. Keywords-Consumer Protection, Product Authenticity, Decentralization, Immutability.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF BRIDGE BEAM UNDER EXTERNAL LOADING
Authors: S.P ABHISHEK ATHREYA
Published: August 2023

In the realm of bridge construction, Reinforced Concrete (RCC) girders stand as critical structural components, bearing the weight of the bridge deck while efficiently channelling diverse loads to the substructure. Renowned for their resilience, extended service life, and cost-effectiveness in bridge engineering, these girders form the cornerstone of our comprehensive investigation. Our study revolves around the meticulous development of three-dimensional finite element models for simply supported girders, embracing different cross-sectional shapes (Rectangular, T-section, and I-sections) within the ANSYS software platform. These meticulously designed models harness both solid and shell elements available in the ANSYS library. Our analysis encompasses a spectrum of concrete grades and diverse loading scenarios, all while maintaining a uniform temperature. Through a meticulous exploration of physical behaviours, including stress, strain, and deformation, we engage in a rigorous comparative assessment of these distinct models.
EMPLOYEE RETENTION AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: B Gayathri
Published: August 2023

Employee retention is a process in which the employees are encouraged to remain with the organization for life time or maximum period of time. It is a strategic tool for the success of the firm. Employee retention is a process in which the employees are encouraged to remain with the organization for life time or maximum period of time. It is a strategic tool for the success of the firm. Employee retention is a technique adopted by businesses to maintain an effective workforce and at the same time meet operational requirements. Employees are the greatest asset for an organization. Therefore, every organization must treat their employees as ends and not means to ends because they add value to the organization. The objective of the study was to measure the perception of employees for employee retention. For this purpose the investigator selected 70 employees working in government and private sector from Delhi region. Employee retention scale given by Walker (2001) was used. The collected data were processed by applying ‘t’ test. The result of the study reveals that there was no significant difference among male and female employees for employee retention also there was no significant difference between the perception of government and private sector employees.
PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, TEMAN SEBAYA DAN DISONANSI KOGNITIF TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMTIF
Authors: Barokah Fajriyatul , Hermawan Yoni , Srigustini Astri
Published: August 2023

The problem addressed in this study is the excessive consumption of non-essential needs among high school students in Tasikmalaya, coupled with their inability to establish a priority scale for their consumption patterns. This research employs a quantitative survey method with an explanatory survey design. The study's target population includes all public high school students in Tasikmalaya City, specifically those in class XI. The sampling technique utilized in this study is probability sampling, employing proportionate random sampling, resulting in a sample size of 367 students. Data collection is carried out through the use of questionnaires, while data analysis is performed using the SPSS 25.0 for Windows program. The results indicate the following: 1) There exists a significant correlation between financial literacy and consumptive behavior, with a significance value of 0.045. 2) Peers exert a notable influence on consumptive behavior, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.029. 3) Cognitive dissonance also significantly impacts consumptive behavior, with a significance value of 0.029. 4) The combined effect of financial literacy, peers, and cognitive dissonance on consumptive behavior is significant, demonstrated by a significance value of 0.000.
ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA PADA PEMBAHASAN MATERI PENGOLAAN DATA KELAS VI SDN PONDOK JAGUNG TIMUR
Authors: Unaenah Een , Yuliawati Dea , Aen Kurotul , Sahrurosi Putri Adinda
Published: August 2023

This study seeks to investigate the challenges that students encounter while discussing data management concepts in their sixth-grade curriculum. Data management is a substantial component of their mathematics lessons, where they delve into collecting, organizing, and assessing data. However, within this learning journey, certain students may encounter difficulties in comprehending and applying data management concepts effectively. Our study is geared towards understanding the specific hurdles faced by Class VI students when engaging with data management topics. The research methodology entails data collection through classroom observations, student interviews, and the analysis of student practice questions. The findings of the study highlight that several students encounter challenges across various aspects of comprehending data management material.
Approach to the fake news detection using the graph neural networks
Authors: Pilkevych Ihor A. , Fedorchuk Dmytro L. , Romanchuk Mykola P. , Naumchak Olena M.
Published: August 2023

The experience of Russia’s war against Ukraine demonstrates the relevance and necessity of understanding the problems of constant disinformation, the spread of propaganda, and the implementation of destructive negative psychological influence. The issue of dissemination in online media informational messages containing negative psychological influence was researched. Ways of improving the system of monitoring online media using the graph neural networks are considered. The methods of automated fake news detection, based on graph neural networks, were reviewed. The purpose of the article is the analysis of existing approaches that allow identifying destructive signs of influence in text data. It is found that the best way to automate the content analysis process is to use the latest machine learning methods. It was determined and substantiated that graph neural networks are the most reliable and effective solution for the specified task. An approach to automating this procedure based on graph neural networks has been designed and analyzed, which will allow timely and efficient detection and analysis of fake news in the information space of our country. During the research, the process of detecting fake news was simulated. The obtained results showed that the described models of graph neural networks can provide good results in solving the tasks of timely detection and response to threats posed by fake news spread by Russia.
Cơ chế tài chính bền vững cho phát triển hệ thống rừng đặc dụng ở Việt Nam
Authors: Lượng Phạm Hồng , Bảo Trần Quang , Nam Đoàn Hoài , Nguyệt Bùi Thị Minh
Published: August 2023

Hiện nay, cả nước đã thành lập được 167 khu rừng đặc dụng với tổng diện tích 2.303.961 ha thuộc 54/63 tỉnh, thành phố. Các ban quản lý rừng đặc dụng đã và đang triển khai cơ chế tự chủ tài chính nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động; tuy nhiên, vẫn còn nhiều khó khăn thách thức như: (i) Hạn chế về ngân sách Nhà nước cho các hoạt động chuyên môn; (ii) Khó huy động, thu hút nguồn đầu tư ngoài ngân sách; (iii) Việc thực hiện cơ chế tự chủ tài chính còn nhiều vướng mắc. Trong bối cảnh tình hình mới, cũng có nhiều cơ hội phát triển: (i) Khuôn khổ pháp luật ngày càng hoàn thiện; (ii) Nhận thức chung về bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học và phát huy giá trị đa dụng của hệ sinh thái rừng ngày càng được quan tâm; (iii) Ngày càng có nhiều cam kết, sáng kiến tài chính mới. Để thúc đẩy việc thực hiện cơ chế tài chính bền vững đối với hệ thống rừng đặc dụng, các khuyến nghị, đề xuất tập trung vào: (1) Hoàn thiện cơ chế, chính sách tài chính bền vững; (2) Thúc đẩy xã hội hoá (hợp tác công tư) và thu hút đầu tư của khu vực tư nhân; (3) Tăng cường khả năng tiếp cận với các sáng kiến tài chính mới; (4) Mở rộng quan hệ hợp tác quốc tế thông qua các chương trình, dự án liên quan.
Đánh giá hiệu quả và định hướng sử dụng đất sản xuất nông nghiệp bền vững trên địa bàn các xã phía Tây huyện Trùng Khánh, tỉnh Cao Bằng
Authors: Nhuận Nguyễn Đức , Thuỷ Trần Mỹ , Huyền Nông Thị Thu , Linh Nguyễn Thị Thùy
Published: August 2023

Sản xuất nông nghiệp của các xã phía Tây của huyện Trùng Khánh, tỉnh Cao Bằng trong mấy năm qua tuy đã có những tiến bộ nhưng chưa thật sự đem lại hiệu quả bền vững. Vì vậy, nghiên cứu này được tiến hành nhằm đánh giá thực trạng và hiệu quả sử dụng đất và từ đó đề xuất định hướng sử dụng đất sản xuất nông nghiệp có hiệu quả bền vững. Nghiên cứu đánh giá hiệu quả sử dụng đất theo 3 tiêu chí: kinh tế, xã hội và môi trường: dựa theo TCVN 8409:2012 về quy trình đánh giá đất sản xuất nông nghiệp của các loại hình sử dụng đất trên cơ sở điều tra những hộ tham gia trực tiếp sản xuất nông nghiệp thuộc 2 xã đại diện cho 2 tiểu vùng nghiên cứu. Mỗi xã tiến hành điều tra 50 hộ và tổng số hộ điều tra là 100 hộ theo phương pháp điều tra phỏng vấn trực tiếp. Từ kết quả điều tra loại hình sử dụng đất với các kiểu sử dụng đất khác nhau cho thấy trên địa bàn các xã phía Tây của huyện Trùng Khánh có 2 tiểu vùng, tiểu vùng 1 có 5 LUT chính, với 15 kiểu sử dụng đất với tổng diện tích đất sản xuất nông nghiệp là 1.898,2 ha, tiểu vùng 2 có 5 LUT chính, với 14 kiểu sử dụng đất với tổng diện tích đất sản xuất nông nghiệp là 1.591,1 ha. Các LUT cho hiệu quả kinh tế, xã hội và môi trường cao là LUT 4 (cây ăn quả) và LUT 2 (2 lúa – màu).
L51473 Investigation of Wrinkling at Low Bend Angles During Field Bending of Line Pipe
Authors: Williams
Published: August 2023

Severe problems with wrinkling when making field bends in ERW pipe coated with a fusion-bonded thin-film coating have been reported by several PRCI member companies in recent years. When these problems were encountered, wrinkling was controlled by careful alignment of the bending equipment, by procuring another lot of pipe for bending, or by increasing the bend radius. The occurrence of wrinkling results in considerable inconvenience, such as increased cost and construction delays, particularly when it cannot be controlled solely by realignment of the bending equipment.

An investigation was conducted to determine the factors responsible for the development of wrinkles at low bend angles during the field bending of certain lots of line pipe. The investigation included both a survey of users to obtain information on field bending problems and laboratory studies at Battelle designed to identify factors responsible for wrinkling at low bend angles.
L51426 Studies to Evaluate Inhibitor-Containing Primers for Controlling Stress-Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Brooman
Published: August 2023

Studies to develop methods for preventing stress-corrosion cracking have been concentrated in three general areas: (1) modifying the steel from which pipes are made, (2) modifying the operating practices involving stress, temperature and cathodic protection, and (3) modifying the environment. In the latter category, the main approach has been the use of inhibitors to modify the environment known to promote stress-corrosion cracking. In early experiments in the laboratory, a number of chemicals were identified as being good inhibitors of stress-corrosion cracking for line-pipe steel under conditions that were thought to exist at a pipeline. Very good protection was obtained, for example, in solutions containing certain chromates, phosphates or silicates as inhibitors. However, in studies to simulate soil conditions, addition of soluble phosphate to the soil above a buried pipeline was shown to be ineffective because of several factors, including the slow migration of the phosphate ions through the soil to the pipe surfaces and precipitation as calcium phosphate through reaction with the calcium ions present in the soil.

This report summarizes the results of field studies, supporting laboratory experiments and the modeling of inhibitor loss through leaching. The field exposure of coated pipe samples lasted '2 years and provides significant data for the evaluation of the inhibited primer-plus-coating concept for controlling stress-corrosion cracking under simulated practical conditions. As a tool for evaluating the field data, in a parallel effort, mathematical models were developed for the calculation of the movement of ions influenced by diffusion and cathodic protection at and near a pipe surface. These models also were used to estimate the useful life of inhibitors in coatings under several practical scenarios.
L10274 Forces Acting on Unburied Off-Shore Pipelines-Adequacy of Engineering Data to Predict These Forces
Authors: Dabkowski
Published: August 2023

Increased problems associated with the production of gas from water depths greater than 200 feet prompted the investigation the adequacy of existing engineering data for prediction of the forces acting on unburied pipelines in these deeper water depths.

Over 100 specific cases of pipeline or platform damage or movement due to hurricanes were analyzed to determine the principal reason for the damage. Limited overwater meteorological analysis existed; therefore, hurricane surface wind fields (as a function of time and distance) had to be developed from raw data such as obtained from aircraft reconnaissance, ship reports of wind, wave and swell, and land stations. Detailed analyses were made for these storms and correlations between these storms and the actual pipeline damage pattern they produced were accomplished.

Pipeline risk criteria are dependent on the frequency of occurrence and the size, intensity, path and speed of advance of major storms. The significance of each of the storm variables is presented. Large, slowly moving storms cause considerably more pipeline damage than smaller more intense storms that move more quickly. This analysis has also made possible estimates of the lift and drag forces acting on pipelines on the sea floor. Bottom particle velocities and accelerations associated with these forces can be estimated from these data. Eight appendixes and a set of pertinent tables and functions are included to simplify the engineer's analysis work. Appendixes consist of (A) initial pipe settlement, (B) gravitational loading, (C) Airy wave theory, (D) Stoke's wave theory, (E) pipeline stability, (F) vortex shedding, (G) pipe span loading and (H) constructional loading.
L51468 Effect of Water Chemistry on Internal Corrosion Rates in Offshore Natural Gas Pipelines
Authors: Shannon
Published: August 2023

The natural gas carried in pipelines often contains liquid water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and other components that cause internal corrosion of the carbon steel pipelines. To identify key variables that could affect the corrosivity of wet, sweet gas to carbon steel, the research program focused on the composition influences of specific contaminants and the effects of surface films, velocity and metallurgy of the pipe material.

The objective of this laboratory film research program was to identify key variables that could affect the corrosion of the inside surface of carbon steel gas pipelines carrying wet natural gas containing carbon dioxide. Forty-two autoclave tests of 8 to 21 days duration were conducted at 1000 psi pressure to measure the uniform corrosion rate of several grades of carbon steel as various changes were made in the water chemistry, CO2 partial pressure, temperature, and water velocity. Three gas pipeline companies provided pipe samples for pipelines exposed to wet CO2, and these were examined for corrosion.
L41012 Effect of Methyltrichlorosilane on Permeability of Sandstone Cores To Gas and Water
Authors: Schmidt  , Walker
Published: August 2023

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using silane to retard the influx of water into natural-gas storage wells and to determine the necessary requirements for achieving this result. The success or failure of silane treatment as a remedial measure depends on its effect on gas-production rate and attendant water production. Of 13 cores treated with silane, 6 showed an increase in effective permeability to gas. However, only one of the six showed a decrease in the effective permeability to water, and the other five showed increases. The remaining seven cores showed a decrease in effective permeability to gas. Four of these seven cores showed increases in the effective permeability to water, and three showed decreases.

The effect of silane on Torpedo sandstone cores was investigated by determining effective permeability's to water and gas as a function of water saturation before and after treatment. This effect depends on the water saturation in the core at the time of injection, the core, the distribution of repellent film within and the amount of liquid silane injected.
L51643 Development and Validation of a Ductile Flaw Growth Analysis for Gas Transmission Line Pipe
Authors: Leis  , Scott
Published: August 2023

Hydrostatic testing is widely used to demonstrate pipe-line integrity. The test has been used to validate the maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) of lines being commissioned. As existing pipelines age, the test is also being used to revalidate integrity following repairs. Repeated hydrotesting over some interval of time is also being considered as a regulatory measure. Both the initial hydrotest and subsequent repeated hydrotesting introduce the possibility for flaw growth, with low cycle fatigue being an obvious concern. Historically established safe operation points to the adequacy of hydrotesting to operating pressure ratios that range in the U.S. from 1.10 to 1.5 times MAOP. Federal regulations limit the peak MAOP for gas transmission pipelines to a value corresponding to 72 percent of the specified minimum yield stress (SMYS) of the material and set the minimum test pressure at 1.25 times the maximum operating pressure (MOP).

This report is the third in a series of topical reports that document the development and validation of a model that simulates the ductile growth of axial part-through-wall (PTW) flaws in linepipe. This program is performed under the auspices of the Pipeline Research Committee of PRCI and control of the NG-18 Structural Integrity Subcommittee chaired by Dr. Brian Rothwell. The objective of this study was to develop a validated model to characterize ductile growth of axial PTW flaws due to the effects of a hydrotest or repeated hydrotesting.
L51685 Effect of Weld Metal Matching on Girth Weld Performance Volume II-Experimental Investigation
Authors: Denys
Published: August 2023

This is the second volume of a three-volume study (see also L51651 and L51711).

The integrity of girth weld defects in gas transmission pipelines is ensured by non-destructive inspection procedures. The acceptance level of pipe line girth weld defects revealed by non-destructive testing is commonly based on workmanship quality control. Unfortunately, workmanship defect acceptance levels are based on experience and are, by necessity, both arbitrary and often conservative.

This report presents the results of an experimental study of the failure behavior of 11.6 mm (0.457 in.) pipe segments taken from 36-inch diameter pipes with defects in the girth weld. Small-scale and fatigue pre-cracked, curved, wide-plate test specimens were used. The objectives were to: (1) determine the effect of pipe and weld metal yield strength differences on girth weld performance; (2) verify the assumption that the CTOD test is a reliable indicator of girth weld performance; and (3) evaluate the usefulness of the Charpy V-Notch test for predicting girth weld failures.
L51749 Continued Validation of RSTRENG
Authors: Kiefner  , Vieth  , Roytman
Published: August 2023

The original criterion for assessing the remaining strength of corroded pipe was an outgrowth of extensive work on the effects of longitudinal cracks in pressurized pipes. This work was carried out in the 1960s under sponsorship of PRCI, and it led to the development of the NG-18 surface flaw equation. Subsequently, an effort was begun under the sponsorship of Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation which continued under PRCI sponsorship which involved adapting the surface flaw equation to predicting the remaining strength of corroded pipe. The result of this work was the ASME B31G methodology for evaluating corrosion-caused metal loss in pipelines.

Presents analysis of new information on the behavior of corroded pipe, that is 129 new tests involving corroded pipe or samples containing corrosion-simulation defects, to address the validity of RSTRENG. Eighty-two of the new results, when combined with the original 86 results in the database, yield ratios of predicted-to-actual failure pressures that enhance the credibility of RSTRENG.
L51653 Fracture Behavior of Girth Welds Containing Natural Defects Comparison with Existing Standards
Authors: Pope  , Pope
Published: August 2023

The first use of radiographic standards for inspection and acceptance of finished girth welds was adopted by API in 1953. This standard was largely based on the Unfired Pressure Vessel Code� which was adopted by ASME in 1931. At that time and to this day, weld defect acceptance standards are based on workmanship principles. In other words, the so called "Workmanship defect acceptance standards"� reflect the weld quality levels produced by. a trained welder using satisfactory materials, equipment and procedures. For many years exclusive use was made of the API 1104 workmanship defect acceptance levels for all field pipeline and related facilities welds. This, and very similar defect acceptance standards (e.g. BS 4515, CSA 2184, AS 1697, etc.) are used in many countries throughout the world. Though the specified acceptance levels have no scientific basis, the use of workmanship standards has provided an adequate level of quality control for many years. Particularly worthy of attention in this context is the fact that the currently stipulated levels have been developed for welds in lower strength pipe grades. Unfortunately, the developments in acceptance levels have not kept pace with those occurring in-pipeline technology. Furthermore, pipe size, strength and toughness, weld metal properties or pipeline operating conditions are not considered in the present-day defect acceptance standards. Problems of this kind have led companies involved in gas/oil transporting activities to develop their own standard requirements or at least to produce a supplement to the general standards.

This report describes the results of an investigation into the engineering significance of girth weld defect acceptance criteria based upon weld quality (or workmanship) considerations. To this end, research efforts were divided into a theoretical and an experimental part. The theoretical study involved a comparison of internationally used weld quality standards and codes for pipeline welding in order to identify the general features common to them and to obtain a clear view of the different acceptability criteria. The experimental part was designed to provide factual information on the failure behaviour of defective girth welds in large pipe diameter pipe lines. The focal point of the experimental examinations was to compare, on the basis of wide plate test specimen behaviour, the performance levels of girth welds containing planar weld defects which were grossly out of tolerance with respect to most present-day weld quality (workmanship standards) specifications.
L51836 Coating Requirements for Pipelines Installed by Horizontal Directional Drilling and Slip Boring
Authors: Hair
Published: August 2023

Research began with a literature search to obtain relevant background material. Existing test methods were examined to determine their applicability to HDD and slip boring loads. Two generally applicable methods were identified, Technical Inspection Services (TISI) Gouge Test and the Taber Abraser Test (ASTM D 4060). To reinforce the results of the laboratory testing, a procedure was developed to verify the performance of the selected coating systems on actual HDD installations. Thios involved documentation of the general parameters of the installation, such as length, diameter, and surface conditions and then measuring the quality of the coating system after installation using the procedure developed under PRCI contract number PR-262-9738 titled "In-Situ Evaluation of Directional Drill/Bore Coating Quality, Evaluation of Test Methods". Ten (10) coating systems were selected for examination and an eleventh was added at a manufacturer's request and cost including; 3M 6352, Thanecoat TC-700, Powercrete, Lilly 2040, 3M 206N, SPC 2888, Powercrete J, Isotube, Zebron, NapRick, CeramGard ML.
L52100 Hot-Spot Protection for Impressed Current Systems
Authors: Lawson  , Thompson
Published: August 2023

As pipeline coating and associated cathodic protection (CP) systems age, areas along the pipeline inevitably develop that fall below a prescribed CP criterion. In efforts to meet an adequate CP criterion, engineers often resort to supplementing their existing CP system with magnesium anodes at these "low" potential areas resulting in a "hybrid" cathodic protection system consisting of an impressed current CP system (ICCP) supplemented with magnesium (Mg) anodes. This often achieves the desired result i.e. the potential measured over the pipe becomes more negative. However, there remain several unanswered questions concerning the real benefits to the polarization level of the pipe and the overall effect on the impressed current cathodic protection system. The primary objective of this PRCI project was to develop a better understanding of the relationship between ICCP systems and Mg anodes installed as hot-spot protection. This understanding will assist CP engineers in the design and operation of effective, economic CP systems.