bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminism and Geographic Information Systems: From a Missing Object to a Mapping Subject
Authors: Pavlovskaya Marianna , Martin Kevin St.
Published: April 2007

Although feminism and the field of geographic information systems and science (GIS) have only recently begun speaking to each other, the feminist mapping subject is emerging across a variety of sites – academic, professional, and lay. However, it is most articulated in the work of critical GIS scholars. Both male and female, they are committed to nonpositivist practices of knowledge production and are sensitive to gender and other power hierarchies that produce social, economic, and cultural difference. These scholars have been creating ‘feminist cartographies’, practicing ‘feminist visualization’, and developing new mapping alternatives to mainstream cartographic and GIS representations. We begin by briefly re‐reading the history of women in cartography and GIS as a first step toward reclaiming mapping as a critical practice. We then review feminist theorizations of visual representation and geography that move beyond critique and posit a feminist deployment of such technologies. Finally, we reflect on explicitly feminist engagements with cartography and GIS and their implication for the discipline of geography and contemporary mapping practices in general. Throughout, we trace the evolution of a feminist mapping subject and her or his potential to disrupt the traditions of mapping and reclaim the power of maps and GIS‐based spatial analysis for critical intervention.
Quality of Reduced‐Fat Frankfurter Modified by Konjac–Starch Mixed Gels
Authors: Kao W.T. , Lin K.W.
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT:  Konjac–potato starch mixed gels were incorporated into reduced‐fat (18%) frankfurters and compared with reduced‐fat (18% fat, C18) and high‐fat (28% fat, C28) controls for textural, sensory properties, and storage stability. At the same konjac concentration, increasing starch level resulted in lower G′ (storage modulus) and G″ (loss modulus) of the konjac–potato starch mixtures leading to more elastic‐mixed gels. No differences in textural hardness among gel‐added treatments were noticed. C28 had the lowest sensory firmness and highest juiciness scores. C18 and gel‐added treatments had similar juiciness and firmness scores, and all treatments did not differ in overall acceptability.
A Multithreshold Model for Sensory Analysis
Authors: Varona Luis , Hernández Pilar
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT: A multithreshold Bayesian procedure involving a probit approach is presented to analyze data obtained from sensory panels. The procedure assumed that the analyzed trait follows an underlying Gaussian distribution and each panelist applied individual thresholding. The proposed method provides estimates of the effects that affect the underlying measure and also estimates the panelists' ability to discriminate between the categories. The procedure avoids the use of any form of standardization technique, and the results obtained are expressed as standard deviations of the underlying trait. As an example, the procedure was applied to previously analyzed data from an experiment involving rabbit selection, in which animals from the 7th generation were compared with those from the 21st generation. Seventh generation embryos were frozen, thawed, and implanted in 21st generation does. The control (C) and selected (S) groups were contemporary. Sensory analysis was carried on samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle. The parameters evaluated were: intensity of rabbit flavor (IRF), aniseed odor (AO), aniseed flavor (AF), liver flavor (LF), tenderness (T), juiciness (J), and fibrousness (F). There were substantial differences between the selected group and control group for IRF, AO, AF, and LF and between males and females for IRF, AF, T, J, and F, which confirmed previous results. The proposed procedure has a greater ability to detect these differences, and in addition provides information about the ability of panelists to discriminate between samples.
Effect of Inoculation Level of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Yogurt Cultures on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content and Quality Attributes of Fermented Milk Products
Authors: Xu Sa , Boylston Terri D. , Glatz Bonita A.
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT:  The effect of inoculation concentration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and yogurt cultures and storage time on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and quality attributes of fermented milk products was determined. Yogurt culture (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, 1:1 ratio, YC), L. rhamnosus (LB), and LB co‐cultured with yogurt culture, were inoculated at 106, 107, 108 CFU/mL into a milk with hydrolyzed soy oil as the lipid source. CLA content, microbial counts, acidity, texture, and volatile flavor profile of the fermented milk products were stable during storage at 4 °C for 14 d. Total CLA contents ranged from 0.51 to 1.00 mg CLA/g lipid following 14 d of storage. Inoculation level of L. rhamnosus and yogurt cultures had no significant effect on CLA content and texture, but affected acidity and the volatile flavor profile of the fermented milk products. The fermented milk products produced by L. rhamnosus co‐cultured with yogurt culture with 107 CFU/mL total inoculation level resulted in a high CLA content and desirable quality characteristics. This research demonstrated that the optimal inoculation concentration and the combination of L. rhamnosus and yogurt cultures were important factors to produce fermented milk products with CLA content and acceptable quality attributes.
The Effect of Protein Particle Size Reduction on the Physical Properties of CO2‐Precipitated Casein Films
Authors: Dangaran Kirsten L. , Cooke Peter , Tomasula Peggy M.
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT:  Casein precipitated with high pressure‐CO2 (CO2CAS) has unique properties compared to commercial acid‐precipitated casein. CO2CAS is less water‐soluble and films made from it are less susceptible to high humidity environments; however, the films are also opaque and hazy. The appearance of CO2CAS films is important especially if applied as a food coating. To improve the appearance properties, the particle size of CO2CAS film plasticized with glycerol was reduced. The effect of protein particle size reduction on tensile properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), and gloss was studied using ASTM methodology. As particle size of the CO2CAS was reduced from 126 μm to 111 μm, tensile strength and modulus of the films increased, while WVP decreased. With the same particle reduction, gloss increased from 55.3 gloss units on average to 73 gloss units, but films were still hazy. With a particle size less than 86 μm, CO2CAS films were glossy and transparent, however, tensile strength decreased and WVP increased. Depending on desired application, the properties of CO2CAS films can be optimized by changing particle size.
Water Vapor Permeability of Mammalian and Fish Gelatin Films
Authors: Avena‐Bustillos R.J. , Olsen C.W. , Olson D.A. , Chiou B. , Yee E. , Bechtel P.J. , McHugh T.H.
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT:  Water vapor permeability of cold‐ and warm‐water fish skin gelatins films was evaluated and compared with different types of mammalian gelatins. Alaskan pollock and salmon gelatins were extracted from frozen skins, others were obtained from commercial sources. Water vapor permeability of gelatin films was determined considering differences on percent relative humidity (%RH) at the film underside. Molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition, gel strength, viscoelastic properties, pH, and clarity were also determined for each gelatin. Water vapor permeability of cold‐water fish gelatin films (0.93 gmm/m2hkPa) was significantly lower than warm‐water fish and mammalian gelatin films (1.31 and 1.88 gmm/m2hkPa, respectively) at 25 °C, 0/80 %RH through 0.05‐mm thickness films. This was related to increased hydrophobicity due to reduced amounts of proline and hydroxyproline in cold‐water fish gelatins. As expected, gel strength and gel setting temperatures were lower for cold‐water fish gelatin than either warm‐water fish gelatins or mammalian gelatins. This study demonstrated significant differences in physical, chemical, and rheological properties between mammalian and fish gelatins. Lower water vapor permeability of fish gelatin films can be useful particularly for applications related to reducing water loss from encapsulated drugs and refrigerated or frozen food systems.
Front Face Fluorescence Spectroscopy—A Rapid Method to Detect Early Lipid Oxidation in Freeze Stored Minced Turkey Meat
Authors: Veberg Annette , Olsen Elisabeth , Vogt Gjermund , Mielnik Maria , Nilsen Asgeir Nikolai , Wold Jens Petter
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT:  The purpose of this study was to elucidate the ability of front face fluorescence spectroscopy to measure early lipid oxidation in minced turkey meat, and compare it to other methods for determination of oxidative status such as sensory analysis, dynamic headspace gas chromatography combined with a mass spectrometer (GC‐MS), and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) value. This comparison was performed on one batch of minced turkey meat. The meat was stored at −20 °C and −10 °C in vacuum or exposed to air. The results showed that fluorescence analysis is a sensitive, nondestructive method for measurement of early lipid oxidation, and its rapidity and ease of use facilitates it as a practical screening method in research as well as food production. The level of specific marker compounds for lipid oxidation (for example, 1‐penten‐3‐ol) was highly correlated with the fluorescence data.
Changes in Volatile Compounds of Traditional Chinese Nanjing Water‐boiled Salted Duck During Processing
Authors: Liu Yuan , Xu Xing‐lian , Ouyang Gang‐feng , Zhou Guang‐hong
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT:  Volatile compounds of traditional Chinese Nanjing water‐boiled salted duck (NJWSD) during its stages of processing were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results showed a total of 92 tentatively identified volatile compounds of which 57 compounds were first identified in duck meat. The major volatiles identified were degradation products of fatty acids, which were considered to account for the typical flavor of duck meat. The processes of dry‐curing, brining, roasting, and boiling, all sped up lipid oxidation and degradation. Dry‐curing process generated furans, the important lipid oxidation products. Brining accelerated the formation of S‐ and N‐containing compounds. Roasting had no remarkable effect on most of the volatiles. Some S‐ and N‐containing compounds, such as 2‐methylthiophene, dimethyl trisulfide, and 2‐acetylthiazole formed during boiling combined with lipid peroxidation and degradation products could constitute the principal flavor of NJWSD. The first principal component (PC1) explained 97% of the total variance of the data and was dominated by lipid oxidation and degradation products, which were pentanal, hexanal, octanal, nonanal, and 2, 3‐octanedione. The problem using SPME for quantitation was also discussed.
Effect of Calcium Salts on the Properties of Proteins from Oil Sardine (Sardinella longiceps) During Frozen Storage
Authors: Mathew Sijo , Prakash V.
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT:  The effect of calcium sulfate and calcium chloride on the enzymatic and structural properties of actomyosin isolated from sardine was investigated. Mince was prepared from sardine and different concentrations of calcium chloride and calcium sulfate were added to the mince and kept in frozen condition at −20 °C. The physico‐chemical and functional properties of proteins from mince were analyzed as a function of time. The solubility of proteins decreased during storage. The reduction in solubility was less for samples treated with calcium chloride. However, sardine mince showed better functionality during storage in the presence of calcium compounds. The ATPase enzyme activity of actomyosin increased with increase in concentration of calcium and decreased after reaching the maximum value. ATPase activity of proteins from mince decreased during storage at low temperature. The reduction in ATPase activity did not correlate with the loss of functionality of proteins. SDS‐PAGE did not reveal any major changes in the protein profile during storage as well as in the presence of different concentration of calcium compounds. The secondary structural content of actomyosin was not altered in the presence of both calcium chloride and calcium sulfate as evident from circular dichroic measurements.
Improving Extraction of Lutein from Egg Yolk Using an Ultrasound‐Assisted Solvent Method
Authors: Yue Xiaohua , Xu Zhimin , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , King Joan M.
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT:  Extraction yields of lutein from egg yolk using both hexane solvent (SOL) and ultrasound‐assisted solvent (UA‐SOL) extraction methods at different levels of saponification were compared. The yields obtained with SOL and UA‐SOL were significantly different. The broad range of extraction yield in the SOL method at different levels of saponification was from 6.3 to 63.8 μg/g. Compared to the SOL method, the extraction yield using UA‐SOL was significantly higher at each corresponding saponification level. The yield of the UA‐SOL method without alkaline solution was the highest (89.9 μg/g) of all. The yield of the UA‐SOL decreased as the level of saponification increased. The results indicated that alkaline significantly affected stability of lutein in egg yolk and resulted in underestimation of its concentration. Compared with the traditional saponification solvent extraction method, the UA‐SOL extraction method was more effective in extracting lutein from the sample matrix, and presumably by avoiding degradation reactions.
Pathological analysis of oxyphilic granular hepatocytes and hepatocellular mitochondria in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Tanikawa Ken , Kage Masayoshi , Komuta Mina , Nakashima Osamu , Yano Hirohisa , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Kojiro Masamichi
Published: April 2007

Aim:  Oxyphilic granular hepatocyte (OGH) results from hepatocellular changes associated with chronic hepatitis. The histopathological significance of OGH has not been clarified.

Methods:  The subjects consisted of two groups of patients with hepatitis C: one group of patients who had undergone liver biopsy 3.8 times on average, and were followed for 8 years on average, and one group of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who had undergone hepatectomy. The following items were examined: frequency of OGH, relationship between OGH and the degree of fibrosis and inflammation; amount of mitochondria in resected tissues; activity of mitochondrial enzymes; relationship between the development of HCC and OGH; and relationship between the duration of infection and OGH in the post‐transfusion patients.

Results:  The incidence of OGH was 35.3% in liver biopsy patients and 46.9% in resected patients. A higher stage of fibrosis was associated with a higher frequency of OGH. Not only OGH but also hepatocyte mitochondria in the peripheral zone increased with the progression of fibrosis. Hepatocytes with or without increased mitochondria were randomly distributed. The mitochondrial enzyme activity was increased in hepatocytes with increased mitochondria. In the post‐transfusion patients, a longer duration of infection and a higher stage of fibrosis were associated with a higher frequency of OGH. A high percentage of patients with OGH developed HCC.

Conclusion:  Mitochondrial changes are important histological findings related to the progression of liver lesions and the possible development of HCC.
Decision-Based Approach for Reliability Design
Authors: Nikolaidis Efstratios
Published: April 2007

We propose a decision-based approach for reliability design when there is insufficient information for constructing probabilistic models. The approach enables a designer to perform reliability-cost trade-offs and to assess the importance of variability and epistemic uncertainty. A method for decision under epistemic uncertainty is first presented and justified by presenting axioms on a decision maker’s (DM’s) preferences and by assuming that the DM’s goal is to find the most immune act (in terms of having undesirable consequences) to deviations of the state of the world from an expected state. Thus, the philosophy of the method is similar to that of robust reliability (Ben Haim, Y., 1996, Robust Reliability in the Mechanical Sciences, Springer-Verlag, Berlin). A new formulation of reliability design problems is proposed based on the above decision method and is compared to two reliability-based design optimization formulations that minimize cost given a maximum acceptable failure probability or maximize expected utility. The method is demonstrated on a decision where a designer has to choose between two materials for a structure.
A Structured Search for Novel Manufacturing Processes Leading to a Periodic Table of Ring Rolling Machines
Authors: Allwood Julian M.
Published: April 2007

Manufacturing processes based on cutting have been extensively automated over the past 30–40 years leading to greatly increased flexibility of operation. In contrast, processes based on ductile forming have largely remained dependent on fixed tooling and lack flexibility. Recent innovations have shown that forming can also be made flexible, by new process configurations typically using simpler and smaller tools with increased (and controllable) freedom of motion. In order to facilitate development of such flexible forming processes, this paper examines the possibility that all such processes can be predicted and organized so that subsequent process development may be based on selection rather than invention. The approach taken is based on Zwicky’s “morphological analysis,” in which the features of a design are parameterized and an exhaustive search is conducted, with appropriate constraints used to reject infeasible designs. As an example of this approach, the process of ring rolling is explored, and a “periodic table” of 102 “elemental” ring rolling machines is presented. The combination of elements into compounds is described, and the use of the table for development of practical flexible machines is discussed. Having applied this approach to the example of ring rolling, its likely value in exploring other processes is discussed.
Kinematic Design of a Two Contact Points Haptic Interface for the Thumb and Index Fingers of the Hand
Authors: Frisoli Antonio , Simoncini Francesco , Bergamasco Massimo , Salsedo Fabio
Published: April 2007

This paper presents an integrated approach to the kinematic design of a portable haptic interface for the thumb and index fingers of the hand. The kinematics of the haptic interface was selected on the basis of constructive reasons, design constraints, and usability issues, and in order to guarantee the best level of performance with the lowest encumbrance and weight over the workspace of the hand. The kinematic dimensioning was the result of a multi-objective optimization of several performance parameters, such as minimum required torque at actuators and maximum reachable workspace, with the simultaneous fulfillment of design constraints, such as satisfactory mechanical stiffness at the end effector, global kinematic isotropy over the workspace, and limited bulk of the device. A geometric interpretation of singularities based on screw theory was formulated to point out both hand postures and movements associated with weaker performance. The results of the paper were used to build the prototype of a new portable haptic interface with two contact points, whose main design features are also specifically presented.
Kinematic Design of a 5-DOF Hybrid Robot with Large Workspace/Limb–Stroke Ratio
Authors: Liu Haitao , Huang Tian , Mei Jianping , Zhao Xueman , Chetwynd Derek G. , Li Meng , Jack Hu S.
Published: April 2007

This paper deals with the conceptual and kinematic designs of a 5-degree of freedom (DOF) reconfigurable hybrid robot. The robot is composed of a 2-DOF parallel spherical mechanism that is serially connected with a 3-DOF open loop kinematic chain via a prismatic joint. Somewhat similar to the well-known Tricept robot, this design has the merit that a relatively large workspace/limb–stroke ratio can be achieved thanks to the decomposition of the motions of the output link into the 2-DOF rotation and 1-DOF translation. As with the Tricept, the robot is well suited for use as a plug-and-play module to configure different machines. The dimensional synthesis of the 2-DOF spherical parallel mechanism is carried out by the monotonical analysis of the design variables versus a global conditioning index represented by the mean of the minimum singular value of the Jacobian, leading to the solution of two nonlinear equations due to the limb length constraint and nearly axial symmetry requirement of the kinematic performance. The results of the dimensional synthesis are given via examples.
Study of the Base Curve and Formation of Singular Points on the Tooth Profile of Noncircular Gears
Authors: Riaza Héctor Fabio Quintero , Cardona i Foix Salvador , Nebot Lluïsa Jordi
Published: April 2007

The base circle of a circular gear is concentric with the pitch circle and tangent to the action line. However, in a noncircular gear the base curve is not known a priori and not easy to determine. In this study, the base curves of noncircular gear wheels are obtained as the geometrical locus of the singular points on the involute tooth profile. Singular points—points from which a second involute branch begins to form on the tooth profile—restrict the allowable tooth height and allow the minimum number of teeth required to be estimated. We discuss the influence of the curvature radius of the pitch curve on the allowable tooth height and present an example to illustrate the proposed method.
β-Lactam Resistance in
Haemophilus parasuis
Is Mediated by Plasmid pB1000 Bearing
bla
ROB-1
Authors: San Millan Alvaro , Escudero Jose Antonio , Catalan Ana , Nieto Silvia , Farelo Fidel , Gibert Magdalena , Moreno Miguel Angel , Dominguez Lucas , Gonzalez-Zorn Bruno
Published: April 2007

β-Lactam resistance in
Haemophilus parasuis
is an emerging phenomenon that has not yet been characterized from a molecular perspective. Clinical high-level β-lactam-resistant isolates from Spain bore a novel plasmid, pB1000, expressing a functionally active ROB-1 β-lactamase. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was applied for the first time to
H. parasuis
and showed that β-lactam resistance is due to clonal spread of a resistant strain, BB1018, bearing pB1000.
Prophylactic Effect of Dietary Seaweed Fucoidan against Enteral Prion Infection
Authors: Doh-ura Katsumi , Kuge Tomoko , Uomoto Miyuki , Nishizawa Keiko , Kawasaki Yuri , Iha Masahiko
Published: April 2007

Dietary seaweed fucoidan delays the onset of disease of enterally infected mice with scrapie when given orally for 6 days after infection, but not when given before the infection. This effect was not modified at a tested fucoidan dose range and appeared to reach the maximum level at a concentration of 2.5% or less in feed. Daily uptake of fucoidan might be prophylactic against prion diseases caused by ingestion of prion-contaminated materials, although further evaluation of its pharmacology remains to be done.
EXCITATIONS OF A LOW-DIMENSIONAL DIMERIZED SPIN LADDER UNDER A MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: SARKAR SUJIT
Published: April 2007

Here we study the dimerized spin ladder with nearest-neighbor (J1) and next-nearest-neighbor (J2) anti-ferromagnetic interaction under a magnetic field. We predict the existence of different magnetization plateaus for the presence of spin-Peierls interaction on both J1 and J2. Magnetization plateau at m = 0 for J1 dimerization is spontaneous due to XY interaction, but it is absent for J2 dimerization, only intrinsic umklapp term leads to plateau (spin gap) state for some specific values of XXZ anisotropy (Δ) and J2. Here we predict a saturation plateau which is the classical phase of the system. There are some numerical support of our analytical approach already existing in the literature. The transition from commensurate gapped phase to incommensurate Luttinger liquid phase is the Mott-δ type of transition.
AN XPS STUDY OF AMORPHOUS THIN FILMS OF MIXED OXIDES In2O3–SnO2 SYSTEM DEPOSITED BY CO-EVAPORATION
Authors: ANWAR M. , GHAURI I. M. , SIDDIQI S. A.
Published: April 2007

XPS core level measurements are used to observe the surface changes in amorphous thin films of mixed oxides In 2 O 3– SnO 2 system deposited by co-evaporation. The effects of changes in composition (in mol%), film thickness, substrate temperature, post-deposition annealing, and etching with Ar+ ions on the binding energies of In (3 d ) and Sn (3 d ) doublets in mixed oxides In 2 O 3– SnO 2 system are presented. XPS core level In (3 d ) and Sn (3 d ) spectra at various compositions exhibit the characteristic 3 d 5 / 2 and 3 d 3 / 2 doublets. The positions of the In (3 d ) and Sn (3 d ) lines are those as expected for In 3+ ions in In 2 O 3 and Sn 4+ ions in SnO 2. The initial decrease in binding energy with an increase in Sn content in In 2 O 3 lattice is caused by the Sn atom substitution of In atom, giving out one extra electron. The increase in binding energy above the critical Sn content (10 mol% SnO 2) is caused by the defects formed by Sn atoms, which act as carrier traps rather than electron donors. The decrease in binding energy with film thickness is caused by the increase in free-carriers density, which is generated by oxygen vacancy acting as two electrons donor. The decrease in binding energy with a substrate and annealing temperatures is due either to the severe deficiency of oxygen, which deteriorates the film properties and reduces the mobility of the carriers or to the diffusion of Sn atoms from interstitial locations into the In cation sites and the formation of indium and tin species of lower valence states so that the In 3+ and the Sn 4+ oxidation states may be changed to the In 2+ and the Sn 2+ oxidation states respectively. The new oxidation states, In 2+ and Sn 2+, formed due to ion etching and annealing the samples can be attributed to the internal electron transfer from oxygen 2p to the In 5s and Sn 5s levels both in In 2 O 3 and SnO 2.
THE SCALAR CURVATURE OF MINIMAL HYPERSURFACES IN A UNIT SPHERE
Authors: SUH YOUNG JIN , YANG HAE YOUNG
Published: April 2007

In this paper, we study n-dimensional compact minimal hypersurfaces in a unit sphere Sn+1(1) and give an answer for S. S. Chern's conjecture. We have shown that [Formula: see text] if S > n, and prove that an n-dimensional compact minimal hypersurface with constant scalar curvature in Sn+1(1) is a totally geodesic sphere or a Clifford torus if [Formula: see text], where S denotes the squared norm of the second fundamental form of this hypersurface.
A NONLINEAR EVOLUTION EQUATION IN AN ORDERED SPACE, ARISING FROM KINETIC THEORY
Authors: GRÜNFELD CECIL P.
Published: April 2007

We investigate the Cauchy problem for a nonlinear evolution equation, formulated in an abstract Lebesgue space, as a generalization of various Boltzmann kinetic models. Our main result provides sufficient conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and positivity of global in time solutions. The analysis extends nontrivially monotonicity methods, originally developed in the context of the existence theory for the classical Boltzmann equation in L1. Our application examples are Smoluchowski's coagulation equation, a Povzner-like equation with dissipative collisions, and a Boltzmann model with chemical reactions, for which we obtain a unitary existence theory, with improved results, compared to the literature.
GENERALIZED SPECIAL LAGRANGIAN TORUS FIBRATION FOR CALABI–YAU HYPERSURFACES IN TORIC VARIETIES I
Authors: RUAN WEI-DONG
Published: April 2007

In this paper we start the program of constructing generalized special Lagrangian torus fibrations for Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces in toric varieties near the large complex limit, with respect to the restriction of a toric metric on the toric variety to the Calabi–Yau hypersurface. The construction is based on the deformation of the standard toric generalized special Lagrangian torus fibration of the large complex limit X0. In this paper, we will deal with the region near the smooth top dimensional torus fibers of X0 and its mirror dual situation — the region near the 0-dimensional fibers of X0.
The Formula of Grangeat for Tensor Fields of Arbitrary Order in n Dimensions
Authors: Schuster T.
Published: April 2007

The cone beam transform of a tensor field of order m in n ≥ 2 dimensions is considered. We prove that the image of a tensor field under this transform is related to a derivative of the n‐dimensional Radon transform applied to a projection of the tensor field. Actually the relation we show reduces for m = 0 and n = 3 to the well‐known formula of Grangeat. In that sense, the paper contains a generalization of Grangeat′s formula to arbitrary tensor fields in any dimension. We further briefly explain the importance of that formula for the problem of tensor field tomography. Unfortunately, for m > 0, an inversion method cannot be derived immediately. Thus, we point out the possibility to calculate reconstruction kernels for the cone beam transform using Grangeat′s formula.
Conjugate Heat Transfer of Mixed Convection for Viscoelastic Fluid Past a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Hsiao Kai-Long , Chen Guan-Bang
Published: April 2007

A conjugate heat transfer problem of a second-grade viscoelastic fluid past a stretching sheet has been studied. Governing equations include heat conduction equation of a stretching sheet, continuity equation, momentum equation, and energy equation of a second-grade fluid, analyzed by a combination of a series expansion method, the similarity transformation, and a second-order accurate finite-difference method. These solutions are used to iterate with the heat conduction equation of the stretching sheet to obtain distributions of the local convective heat transfer coefficient and the stretching sheet temperature. Ranges of dimensionless parameters, the Prandtl numberPr, the elastic numberEand the conduction-convection coefficientNccare from 0.001 to 10, 0.0001 to 0.01, and 0.5 to 2.0, respectively. A parameterG, which is used to represent the dominance of the buoyant effect, is present in governing equations. Results indicated that elastic effect in the flow could increase the local heat transfer coefficient and enhance the heat transfer of a stretching sheet. In addition, same as the results from Newtonian fluid flow and conduction analysis of a stretching sheet, a better heat transfer is obtained with a largerNcc,G, andE.
Modal Formulation of Segmented Euler-Bernoulli Beams
Authors: Copetti Rosemaira Dalcin , Claeyssen Julio C. R. , Tsukazan Teresa
Published: April 2007

We consider the obtention of modes and frequencies of segmented Euler-Bernoulli beams with internal damping and external viscous damping at the discontinuities of the sections. This is done by following a Newtonian approach in terms of a fundamental response of stationary beams subject to both types of damping. The use of a basis generated by the fundamental solution of a differential equation of fourth-order allows to formulate the eigenvalue problem and to write the modes shapes in a compact manner. For this, we consider a block matrix that carries the boundary conditions and intermediate conditions at the beams and values of the fundamental matrix at the ends and intermediate points of the beam. For each segment, the elements of the basis have the same shape since they are chosen as a convenient translation of the elements of the basis for the first segment. Our method avoids the use of the first-order state formulation also to rely on the Euler basis of a differential equation of fourth-order and it allows to envision how conditions will influence a chosen basis.
Fixed Points of Nonlinear and Asymptotic Contractions in the Modular Space
Authors: Razani A. , Nabizadeh E. , Beyg Mohamadi M. , Homaei Pour S.
Published: April 2007

A fixed point theorem for nonlinear contraction in the modular space is proved. Moreover, a fixed point theorem for asymptotic contraction in this space is studied.
Relationship of Algebraic Theories to Powerset Theories and Fuzzy Topological Theories for Lattice-Valued Mathematics
Authors: Rodabaugh S. E.
Published: April 2007

This paper deals with a broad question—to what extent is topology algebraic—using two specific questions: (1) what are the algebraic conditions on the underlying membership lattices which insure that categories for topology and fuzzy topology are indeed topological categories; and (2) what are the algebraic conditions which insure that algebraic theories in the sense of Manes are a foundation for the powerset theories generating topological categories for topology and fuzzy topology? This paper answers the first question by generalizing the Höhle-Šostak foundations for fixed-basis lattice-valued topology and the Rodabaugh foundations for variable-basis lattice-valued topology using semi-quantales; and it answers the second question by giving necessary and sufficient conditions under which certain theories—the very ones generating powerset theories generating (fuzzy) topological theories in the sense of this paper—are algebraic theories, and these conditions use unital quantales. The algebraic conditions answering the second question are much stronger than those answering the first question. The syntactic benefits of having an algebraic theory as a foundation for the powerset theory underlying a (fuzzy) topological theory are explored; the relationship between these two specific questions is discussed; the role of pseudo-adjoints is identified in variable-basis powerset theories which are algebraically generated; the relationships between topological theories in the sense of Adámek-Herrlich-Strecker and topological theories in the sense of this paper are fully resolved; lower-image operators introduced for fixed-basis mathematics are completely described in terms of standard image operators; certain algebraic theories are given which determine powerset theories determining a new class of variable-basis categories for topology and fuzzy topology using new preimage operators; and the theories of this paper are undergirded throughout by several extensive inventories of examples.
Viscosity Approximation Methods for Nonexpansive Nonself-Mappings in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Wangkeeree Rabian
Published: April 2007

Viscosity approximation methods for nonexpansive nonself-mappings are studied. LetCbe a nonempty closed convex subset of Hilbert spaceH,Pa metric projection ofHontoCand letTbe a nonexpansive nonself-mapping fromCintoH. For a contractionfonCand{tn}⊆(0,1), letxnbe the unique fixed point of the contractionx↦tnf(x)+(1−tn)(1/n)∑j=1n(PT)jx. Consider also the iterative processes{yn}and{zn}generated byyn+1=αnf(yn)+(1−αn)(1/(n+1))∑j=0n(PT)jyn,n≥0, andzn+1=(1/(n+1))∑j=0nP(αnf(zn)+(1−αn)(TP)jzn),n≥0,wherey0,z0∈C,{αn}is a real sequence in an interval[0,1]. Strong convergence of the sequences{xn},{yn}, and{zn}to a fixed point ofTwhich solves some variational inequalities is obtained under certain appropriate conditions on the real sequences{αn}and{tn}.
Product Bessel Distributions of the First and Second Kinds
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees
Published: April 2007

A new Bessel function distribution is introduced by taking the product of a Bessel function pdf of the first kind and a Bessel function pdf of the second kind. Various particular cases and expressions for moments are derived.
The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law
Authors: Diamond David M. , Campbell Adam M. , Park Collin R. , Halonen Joshua , Zoladz Phillip R.
Published: April 2007

We have reviewed research on the effects of stress on LTP in the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and present new findings which provide insight into how the attention and memory-related functions of these structures are influenced by strong emotionality. We have incorporated the stress-LTP findings into our “temporal dynamics” model, which provides a framework for understanding the neurobiological basis of flashbulb and traumatic memories, as well as stress-induced amnesia. An important feature of the model is the idea that endogenous mechanisms of plasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala are rapidly activated for a relatively short period of time by a strong emotional learning experience. Following this activational period, both structures undergo a state in which the induction of new plasticity is suppressed, which facilitates the memory consolidation process. We further propose that with the onset of strong emotionality, the hippocampus rapidly shifts from a “configural/cognitive map” mode to a “flashbulb memory” mode, which underlies the long-lasting, but fragmented, nature of traumatic memories. Finally, we have speculated on the significance of stress-LTP interactions in the context of the Yerkes-Dodson Law, a well-cited, but misunderstood, century-old principle which states that the relationship between arousal and behavioral performance can be linear or curvilinear, depending on the difficulty of the task.
Plasma Interleukin-18 and Dendritic Cells in Males with Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Pietrzak Aldona , Janowski Konrad , Chodorowska Grażyna , Michalak-Stoma Anna , Rolinski Jacek , Zalewska Anna , Jastrzebska Iwona , Tabarkiewicz Jacek , Paszkowski Tomasz , Kapec Ewa , Krasowska Dorota
Published: April 2007

Peripheral blood dendritic cells seem to play a crucial role in psoriatic inflammatory processes. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between plasma interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and blood dendritic cells in psoriatic patients. IL-18 plasma levels were measured by ELISA. Phenotypes of dendritic cell subsets were analyzed by double-colour flow cytometry. Plasma IL-18 level in psoriatic males was significantly higher, whereas counts of BDCA-2+ cells were lower than in the control group. The myeloid/plasmacytoid ratio was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control one. In the patient group, significant negative correlations between plasma IL-18 level and both the BDCA-1+ and BDCA-2+ counts were found. BDCA-1+ counts correlated negatively with percentage of skin involvement. IL-18 seems to play a role in psoriasis pathogenesis. The decreased counts of blood plasmacytoid DCs in psoriatic patients might result from IL-18 down-regulation of plasmacytoid DC precursor proliferation.
Tetrasomy 15q11-q13 Diagnosed by FISH in a Patient with Autistic Disorder
Authors: Ouldim Karim , Natiq Abdelhafid , Jonveaux Philippe , Sefiani Abdelaziz
Published: April 2007

We report the case of a Moroccan boy with mental retardation, hyperactivity, epilepsy, developmental problems and behavioural disorders. Cytogenetic analysis showed the presence of a supernumerary marker chromosome. Molecular cytogenetics allowed us to determine the marker as an inverted duplication of chromosome 15. It is the first case of a Moroccan patient with tetrasomy 15q in which fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) enabled us to specify the diagnosis. Interestingly, this patient has an infantile autism with cytogenetic abnormalities on chromosomal region 15q11-q13 as reported in patients with Autistic Disorder.
Asymptotics of Time Harmonic Solutions to a Thin Ferroelectric Model
Authors: Aïssa Naïma , Hamdache Kamel
Published: April 2007

We introduce new model equations to describe the dynamics of the electric polarization in a ferroelectric material. We consider a thin cylinder representing the material with thicknessɛand discuss the asymptotic behavior of the time harmonic solutions to the model whenɛtends to0. We obtain a reduced model settled in the cross-section of the cylinder describing the dynamics of the plane components of the polarization and electric fields.
Mutually Compactificable Topological Spaces
Authors: Kovár Martin Maria
Published: April 2007

Two disjoint topological spacesX,Yare(T2-)mutually compactificable if there exists a compact(T2-)topology onK=X∪Ywhich coincides onX,Ywith their original topologies such that the pointsx∈X,y∈Yhave open disjoint neighborhoods inK. This paper, the first one from a series, contains some initial investigations of the notion. Some key properties are the following: a topological space is mutually compactificable with some space if and only if it isθ-regular. A regular space on which every real-valued continuous function is constant is mutually compactificable with noS2-space. On the other hand, there exists a regular non-T3.5space which is mutually compactificable with the infinite countable discrete space.
Sorting of Silica Nanocups by Diameter during Fabrication Process
Authors: Deotare Parag , Kameoka Jun
Published: April 2007

We demonstrated a new technique to sort nanoparticles based on their dimensions. Due to the interactions between charged droplets and a nonlinear electrostatic field, nanoparticles with different dimensions were deposited at different spatial locations on a given target substrate. By using this principle, we have been able to sort nanocups into three groups with mean diameters of 0.31μm, 0.7μm, and 1.1μm and a standard deviation of 20%. This technique improves the nanoparticle fabrication process not only by decreasing the standard deviation of its dimensions but also by increasing its yield since nanoparticles with different mean diameters can be generated at the same time.
A Class of Methods for the Analysis of Blade Tip Timing Data from Bladed Assemblies Undergoing Simultaneous Resonances—Part II: Experimental Validation
Authors: Gallego-Garrido J. , Dimitriadis G. , Carrington I. B. , Wright J. R.
Published: April 2007

Blade tip timing is a technique for the measurement of vibrations in rotating bladed assemblies. In Part I of this work a class of methods for the analysis of blade tip timing data from bladed assemblies undergoing two simultaneous synchronous resonances was developed. The approaches were demonstrated using data from a mathematical simulation of tip timing data. In Part II the methods are validated on an experimental test rig. First, the construction and characteristics of the rig will be discussed. Then, the performance of the analysis techniques when applied to data from the rig will be compared and analysed. It is shown that accurate frequency estimates are obtained by all the methods for both single and double resonances. Furthermore, the recovered frequencies are used to calculate the amplitudes of the blade tip responses. The presence of mistuning in the bladed assembly does not affect the performance of the new techniques.
Abdominal Wall Mycetoma Presented as Obstructed Incisional Hernia of Cesarean Section in Eastern Sudan
Authors: Elhardello Osama A. , Adam Elsadig S. , Adam Ishag
Published: April 2007

Mycetoma a worldwide disease frequently occurs in the tropics with the highest prevalence being in Africa.Madurella mycetomatisis the main causative organism of human eumycetoma in Sudan. The legs and feet were commonly the sites of the infection. A 22-year-old lady was presented with painful abdominal swelling around a previous caesarian section scar. A provisional diagnosis of obstructed incisional hernia was put. Histopathological examination revealed macroscopically four masses of soft tissue. Microscopic sections showed grains ofMadurella mycetomatis.
An Extension of Gregus Fixed Point Theorem
Authors: Olaleru JO , Akewe H
Published: April 2007

Let "Equation missing" be a closed convex subset of a complete metrizable topological vector space "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" a mapping that satisfies "Equation missing" for all "Equation missing", where "Equation missing", "Equation missing", "Equation missing", "Equation missing", "Equation missing", and "Equation missing". Then "Equation missing" has a unique fixed point. The above theorem, which is a generalization and an extension of the results of several authors, is proved in this paper. In addition, we use the Mann iteration to approximate the fixed point of "Equation missing".
Stress and Memory: Behavioral Effects and Neurobiological Mechanisms
Authors: Sandi Carmen , Pinelo-Nava M. Teresa
Published: April 2007

Stress is a potent modulator of learning and memory processes. Although there have been a few attempts in the literature to explain the diversity of effects (including facilitating, impairing, and lack of effects) described for the impact of stress on memory function according to single classification criterion, they have proved insufficient to explain the whole complexity of effects. Here, we review the literature in the field of stress and memory interactions according to five selected classifying factors (source of stress, stressor duration, stressor intensity, stressor timing with regard to memory phase, and learning type) in an attempt to develop an integrative model to understand how stress affects memory function. Summarizing on those conditions in which there was enough information, we conclude that high stress levels, whether intrinsic (triggered by the cognitive challenge) or extrinsic (induced by conditions completely unrelated to the cognitive task), tend to facilitate Pavlovian conditioning (in a linear-asymptotic manner), while being deleterious for spatial/explicit information processing (which with regard to intrinsic stress levels follows an inverted U-shape effect). Moreover, after reviewing the literature, we conclude that all selected factors are essential to develop an integrative model that defines the outcome of stress effects in memory processes. In parallel, we provide a brief review of the main neurobiological mechanisms proposed to account for the different effects of stress in memory function. Glucocorticoids were found as a common mediating mechanism for both the facilitating and impairing actions of stress in different memory processes and phases. Among the brain regions implicated, the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were highlighted as critical for the mediation of stress effects.
On Fuzzy "Equation missing" -Contractive Mappings in Fuzzy Metric Spaces
Authors: Miheţ Dorel
Published: April 2007

We answer into affirmative an open question raised by A. Razani in 2005. An essential role in our proofs is played by the separation axiom in the definition of a fuzzy metric space in the sense of George and Veeramani.
Some Properties of Certain Analytic Functions
Authors: Owa Shigeyoshi , Hayami Toshio , Kuroki Kazuo
Published: April 2007

Let𝒜pbe the class of certain analytic functionsf(z)in the open unit diskU. Forf(z)∈𝒜p, a subclass𝒜p(α,β,γ,j)of𝒜pis introduced. The object of the present paper is to discuss some properties of functionsf(z)belonging to classAp(α,β,γ;j).
Involvement of PPARs in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Specimens and in Normal and Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Martinasso G. , Oraldi M. , Trombetta A. , Maggiora M. , Bertetto O. , Canuto R. A. , Muzio G.
Published: April 2007

PPAR involvement in cell growth was investigated “in vivo” and “in vitro” and was correlated with cell proliferation and apoptotic death. “In vivo” PPARγandαwere evaluated in colon cancer specimens and adjacent nonneoplastic colonic mucosa. PPARγincreased in most cancer specimens versus mucosa, with a decrease in c-Myc and in PCNA proteins, suggesting that colon cancer growth is due to increased cell survival rather than increased proliferation. The prevalence of survival over proliferation was confirmed by Bcl-2 or Bcl-XLincrease in cancer versus mucosa, and by decreased PPARα. “In vitro” PPARγand PPARαwere evaluated in human tumor and normal cell lines, treated with natural or synthetic ligands. PPARγwas involved in inhibiting cell proliferation with a decrease in c-Myc protein, whereas PPARαwas involved in inducing apoptosis with modulation of Bcl-2 and Bad proteins. This involvement was confirmed using specific antagonists of two PPARs. Moreover, the results obtained on treating cell lines with PPAR ligands confirm observations in colon cancer: there is an inverse correlation between PPARαand Bcl-2 and between PPARγand c-Myc.