bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and perception of suspected adverse drug reactions in consumers: a prospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shaik Leeyasid , Krishnaiah Vasundhara , K. Girish
Published: January 2019

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the main leading causes of hospitalization which leads to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Reporting of ADRs to national databases is necessary. To strengthen this system, consumers apart from health-care professionals have also been empowered to report any ADRs directly to the regulatory agencies. Direct and spontaneous patient or consumer reporting offers various benefits beyond pharmacovigilance (PV). Consumer reporting of ADRs has existed in several countries for decades, but in India, with the inclusion of consumer reporting of ADR, the data on the same is valuable and limited. Hence the present study is taken up. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge, perceptions and practice of ADR reporting among consumers in KIMS hospital and research center, Bangalore.Methods: The data was collected from Patients attending OPD’s, admitted in wards and at pharmacy in KIMS Hospital and Research Center, Bangalore. It is a cross sectional descriptive study. Study period is for six months from 1st April to 31st September 2018 and sample size is 200. A structured questionnaire in English and Kannada was used as a tool.Results: Of the 200 patients from the surveyed, in males the knowledge scores were better when compared to females and attitude, perception scores were same (statistically not significant). Most of the patients opined for the establishment of consumer pharmacovigilance system at hospitals and local pharmacies.Conclusions: Knowledge about ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance is less in consumers. So that there is a need to increase awareness in consumers.
An analysis of the items of nursing competency in oral feeding assistance for hospitalized hemiplegic patients in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Chen Huifang , Nakatani Hisae , Kanefuji Akiko , Yang Hongxia , Zhao Haiwei , Rahman Md Moshiur
Published: January 2019

Background: Patients with hemiplegia often suffer from malnutrition and security threat due to disabilities and inadequate supports. This study aims to explore nursing perceptions regarding problems, necessary nursing supports, and nursing competencies required for the provision of oral feeding assistance to hospitalized hemiplegic patients.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Taian City, China in 2016. A purposive sampling method was used, and data were gathered using semi-structured interviews. Totally, 5 faculty members and 10 ward nurses in China were interviewed. In relation to the nursing status regarding oral feeding assistance in the case of hemiplegic patients, background and improvement measures in nursing practice were assessed. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method.Results: Four problems in providing oral feeding assistance to hemiplegic patients were identified: 1) insufficient cognition of nursing roles, 2) insufficient consideration of psychological aspects of the patients, 3) lack of related theoretical and practical education, 4) lack of nutritional support during hospitalization. Twenty-five items of nursing competencies, the knowledge and skills required for oral feeding assistance to hospitalized hemiplegic patients were identified.Conclusions: The nursing competency identified by this study can provide evidence for reviewing the related nursing practice and continuous education in China.
Medication non-adherence related to patients’ attitudes and knowledge rather than socio-cultural factors: a study of cardiac clinic attendees at a public healthcare institute
Authors: Bahall Mandreker U.
Published: January 2019

Background: Medication non-adherence contributes significantly to sub-optimum care, for reasons that could be unique to specific localities. The study sought to identify reasons for non-adherence and associated factors in cardiac clinic attendees at a leading tertiary health institution in Trinidad and Tobago.Methods: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of cardiac clinic attendees. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire comprising items regarding socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, social support and reasons for medication non-adherence. Data were collected between March and July, 2016. Non-adherence was identified with total scores of >1 using selected similar questions to that used in the Morisky four-item adherence instrument. Data analyses involved both descriptive and inferential methods.Results: Non-adherent patients represented the largest proportion of participants (n=270, 78.3%). Participants were predominantly women, aged >50 years, of Indo-Trinidadian descent, married, and unemployed. Carelessness (n=251, 93.0%), ceasing medication use when feeling well (n=217, 80.4%), forgetfulness (n=187, 69.3%), and ceasing medication use when feeling worse (n=151, 50.6%) were the leading reasons for non-adherence, followed by unpleasant effects of medication and cost (n=144, 53.3%). Associated factors included feeling that one would become more ill upon ceasing medication use (p=0.003), the importance of understanding the reasons for taking medication (p=0.017), the importance of following physicians’ instructions (p=0.023), and educational level (p=0.040).Conclusions: Effective communication regarding patients’ concerns and potential adverse medication effects between patients and healthcare providers could promote greater adherence.
Assessment of adherence to ATT among HIV-TB co-infected patients attending the ART centre of a tertiary care hospital of Jharkhand
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Kashyap Vivek
Published: January 2019

Background: Despite being preventable and curable, TB is the leading cause of HIV associated mortality. It is the most common opportunistic infection among HIV positive individuals with CD4 cell count <500/ mm3. Worldwide the number of people infected with both HIV & TB is rising. The objective of the study was to describe the socio-demographic profile of HIV-TB co-infected patients and to assess the adherence of HIV TB Co-infected patients to anti tubercular treatment (ATT) attending ART Centre, RIMS, Ranchi.Methods: It was a hospital based prospective study done at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi. Duration of study was 14 months. A total of 117 patients were registered during the study period and were followed up for adherence to ATT.Results: Out of 117 patients 4 were excluded. Among 113 patients, mostly were male (74.3%) and from rural background (69.9%). Majority (94.7%) of the patients came for regular follow up and took medicines as advised. Adherence was significantly associated with education (p=0.025).Conclusions: In this study it was concluded that education significantly affected adherence to ATT among HIV-TB Co-infected patients of ART Centre of RIMS, Ranchi.
Increasing number of stray dogs- awaited human rabies disaster in Chamba town of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Dhiman Arvind Kumar , Dixit Pragya
Published: January 2019

Chamba is an   ancient small town of Himachal Pradesh. The town is located at an altitude of 996 metres (3,268 ft) on the bank of the Ravi River.The population  town is 19930 [Census 2011]. Since it is headquarter of district, the offices of various departments are situated here. There are large numbers of temples, palaces and because of its scenic beauty there is continuous visit of tourists to this place. All these conditions lead to heavy crowd of people in the town round the year.
Las corrientes superficiales de chorro del Chocó y el Caribe durante los eventos de El Niño y El Niño Modoki
Authors: Serna Lina M. , Arias Paola A. , Vieira Sara C
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la influencia de dos tipos de eventos de El Niño, conocidos como Canónico y Modoki, en las corrientes superficiales de chorro del Chocó y el Caribe, importantes mecanismos de transporte de humedad y generación de precipitación en Colombia. La influencia de estos tipos de eventos de El Niño en las corrientes superficiales de interés se examinó con base en las diferencias entre las características en la climatología de estos chorros durante dichos eventos y el análisis de correlaciones entre estos fenómenos. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que en los dos primeros trimestres del año, la intensidad de estas corrientes superficialesse ve disminuida durante ambos tipos de eventos El Niño, en tanto que en los dos últimos trimestres del año se observan efectos contrarios: un fortalecimiento del chorro del Caribe y un debilitamiento del chorro del Chocó. Sin embargo, la magnitud del impacto durante los eventos El Niño Modoki es menor que durante los eventos El Niño Canónico, aunque se observa un mayor número de eventos El Niño Modoki durante el periodo de análisis. Lo anterior es fundamental para la elaboración de pronósticos de precipitación en Colombia. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Los servicios funerarios y los seguros exequiales: ¿realmente son productos diferentes?, ¿qué implicaciones acarrea el ofrecimiento simultáneo de este tipo de productos en el mercado?
Authors: Santamaría Novoa Mónica Andrea
Published: January 2019

Los servicios funerarios han sido objeto de distintas polémicas a raíz de la regulación que le ha dado el legislador a los mismos, llegando al punto de excluir a las aseguradoras de la prestación de servicios funerarios y otorgan­do la única posibilidad de ofrecer productos de tipo exequial por medio de la celebración de contratos de seguros exequiales; decisión que se deriva de algunas diferenciaciones que se hacen a partir del artículo 111 de la Ley 795 de 2003. Es por tanto necesario examinar las implicaciones, que como se verá, son en su mayoría negativas y alguna que otra positiva, consecuencia de hacer la diferenciación entre uno y otro servicio.
O DEBATE PREVIDENCIÁRIO CONTEMPORÂNEO: “perspectiva conservadora” versus “perspectiva das demandas por seguridade social”
Authors: Rêgo Jessé Sales , Paula Ricardo Zimbrão Affonso de , Brito Alexandro Sousa
Published: January 2019

O artigo discute as raízes ideológicas do debate acerca da organização e gestão dos sistemas previdenciários na sociedade capitalista contemporânea. Nesse sentido, duas perspectivas se destacam: a “perspectiva conservadora” e a “perspectiva das demandas por seguridade social”. Também aborda como esse debate influencia no atual projeto de Reforma do Sistema Previdenciário brasileiro.Palavras-chave: Economia, sistemas previdenciários, setor público, mercado,cidadania.
Ambliopía, más allá de la agudeza visual: su influencia en la percepción del habla
Authors: Goñi Boza Esteban
Published: January 2019

This article seeks to understand, through an analysis of the current state of the topic, the importance of amblyopia in the comprehensive development of the individual, but with a major focus on language and its audiovisual integration. It attempts to explain the latest developments on the subject and to make them available to professionals in optometry, who for sure are the first to intervene in affected population and also, often, the last to provide rehabilitative solutions. This issue is important to optometry because, among other reasons, knowledge on the behavior of amblyopia and its effects on other qualities of human cognition can help to better understand this phenomenon, which will allow a more effective therapeutic approach.
Narraciones desde el trabajo de campo: un acercamiento a la percepción del investigador social durante el trabajo con la comunidad en la región del Magdalena Centro (Cundinamarca)
Authors: Clavijo Sergio Antonio , Jiménez Barbosa Wilson Giovanni
Published: January 2019

In most cases, the perception of a social researcher when performing fieldwork is not described in the final results of the investigation however, it is a rich source of information that allows us to identify happy moments, sorrows, satisfactions and misunderstandings generated in the experience of working with communities. Therefore, this perception is a key contribution for other workers to distinguish and recognize their own experiences. For this reason, this article aims to narrate the experiences of a field researcher: how his relationship was with the context, the actors involved in his research, and events that, in his opinion, were relevant. The data presented in the results were collected from the field journal elaborated by the author throughout his work in the province of Magdalena Center (Cundinamarca, Colombia). Accordingly, the narrative describes how the researcher is affected by contexts and subjects he interacts with and it allows us to understand that there is no fragmentation between the subject and object of research in social investigations, but there is an ongoing dialogue between them that promotes a deeper understanding of the studied phenomena.
Desempeño profesional de los egresados de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors: Tapia Pancardo Diana Cecilia , Valera Mota Myrna Miriam , Noriega Mariana Guzmán , Lucas Valerio Eugenia
Published: January 2019

Objetivo identificar si el desempeño profesional de los licenciados en Optometría satisface las necesidades de los empleadores. Materiales y métodos el estudio usó los instrumentos de la Asociación Nacional de Universidades e Instituciones de Educación Superior (ANUIES), adaptados para egresados y empleadores de optometristas. Se obtuvo de la Coordinación de la carrera la lista de egresados y sus datos de ubicación, para enviarles la encuesta. Los empleadores se dividieron en cuatro áreas: ópticas, clínicas particulares, clínicas oftalmológicas y empresas. Esta encuesta se envió por internet, y un mes después se analizó. Resultados los egresados no eligieron Optometría como primera opción, y cuando concluyen, menos de un tercio se titula sin embargo, el 90 % obtuvo trabajo inmediato en ópticas con menos de quince empleados y un sueldo de $10.000 mensuales. El trabajo solo tiene como funciones refracción y ventas. Los empleadores, sin requerirlo, solicitan conocimientos especializados de los optometristas. Conclusiones para atender integralmente al paciente, los egresados realizan habitualmente refracción, sin profundizar en lo que aprendieron durante su formación. La carrera de Optometría debe vincularse con empresas para involucrar a los estudiantes en el campo laboral. La FESI y la UNAM deben promover cursos y diplomados en Optometría para que sus egresados adquieran educación continua y presten mejor atención a la población. Se deberá promover que las empresas contraten licenciados en Optometría con título y cédula profesional.
Acceso a la educación de estudiantes con baja visión en algunas escuelas de Soacha
Authors: González Díaz Astrid Jeneth , Castro Ramírez Erika Lorena , Malaver Benavides Guiomar Said
Published: January 2019

Introducción: en la Constitución Política de Colombia, la educación se describe como un derecho humano y un servicio público con una función social. La educación busca el acceso al conocimiento, a la ciencia y a otros bienes y valores de la cultura.Objetivo: llevar a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sobre el acceso educativo de personas con baja visión en algunas escuelas del municipio de Soacha.Materiales y métodos: revisión de literatura mediante la compilación de leyes, documentos, artículos y libros sobre educación inclusiva, discapacidad, baja visión y acceso a la educación en bases de datos como ScienceDirect, Scielo y documentos obtenidos en línea y de la secretaría de educación del municipio entre 1995 y 2017.Conclusión: en el municipio de Soacha, todas las instituciones brindan acceso a estudiantes con baja visión y otras discapacidades de conformidad con el artículo 11 de la Ley Estatutaria 1618 sobre derecho a la educación. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las instituciones, la falta de permanencia de los estudiantes con baja visión en las escuelas constituye un factor que disminuye el número de instituciones inscritas en el municipio.
Access barriers of pregnant Wayuu indigenous women to their prenatal controls before twelve weeks of gestation in the Hospital Nuestra Señora del Perpetuo Socorro in Uribia, La Guajira
Authors: Ruiz Manjarrez Yorleny Yolanis , Oime Ochoa Maryor
Published: January 2019

This article seeks to identify the main barriers that prevent pregnant Wayuu indigenous women linked to the ESE of the municipality of Uribia, Hospital Nuestra Señora del Perpetuo Socorro, from access to their prenatal controls before the first twelve weeks of gestation, as regulated by legislation. This is a descriptive study with a transversal qualitative approach, which aims to contribute to a better management of difficulties faced by these pregnant indigenous women. To this effect, it is important to identify the main aspects that prevent access to their prenatal controls, as well as possible risk factors. In addition, the study allows recognizing the quality of services provided to these communities, which helps to identify and evidence aspects for their possible solutions.
Eye symptoms reported by workers exposed to agrochemicals in flower crops
Authors: Molina Montoya Nancy Piedad , Castro Buitrago Jenifer
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Agrochemicals are widely used substances to improve agricultural production. However, they cause acute and chronic health problems, as well as various systemic and ocular symptoms. Additionally, the paper studies the frequency of self-reported toxicity symptoms by workers exposed to agrochemicals. It was observed that the most common ocular symptoms are burning eyes and blurred vision, among others. Exposure to these substances can be direct or indirect, and causes acute and chronic health effects.Problem: The frequency of ocular symptoms in exposed workers in the country is unknown.Objective: To determine the main ocular symptoms reported by workers exposed to agrochemicals in flower crops.Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study convenience sampling. The paper reports the results of 40 workers of a flower crop, who were in direct or indirect contact with agrochemicals and filled out the modified Donate questionnaire on self-reported symptoms.Results: Workers reported various ocular symptoms related to exposure to agrochemicals, as well as eye symptoms related to dry eye.Conclusions: Most workers presented the ocular symptoms that previous studies have evidenced with exposure to agrochemicals related to some degree of dry eye.
Adaptación de lentes de contacto de apoyo escleral en paciente con glaucoma esteroideo tratado con válvula de Ahmed: reporte de caso
Authors: Rodríguez Vásquez Eduard S. , Bolaños Godoy Diego Alejandro
Published: January 2019

Para el tratamiento del queratocono, la queratoplastia penetrante es una de las alternativas más usadas en pacientes que presentan un alto grado de irregularidad y de adelgazamiento corneal. Consiste en el remplazo del tejido corneal enfermo que puede tener un diámetro variable, con un espesor total correspondiente al receptor, utilizando una sutura doble o continua o con puntos sueltos.La finalidad de este tipo de intervención es reemplazar el tejido opaco por uno transparente que ópticamente permita una refracción más clara y uniforme .El caso que se presenta a continuación muestra las consideraciones y las complicaciones que se pueden presentar luego del manejo con queratoplastia penetrante, su posterior terapia farmacológica con corticoides de potencia alta y penetración media, lo que ocasionó un glaucoma esteroideo relacionado con la disminución del flujo trabecular, debido a la interacción farmacológica de los corticoides y las prostaglandinas, que a su vez tienen un papel estructural importante en el trabéculo. Estos factores llevaron a la implantación de una válvula de Ahmed, dispositivo artificial que mejora el flujo del humor acuoso hacia el espacio conjuntival a través de un tubo de silicón que se encuentra unido a un plato de polipropileno, y con ello evitar un daño posterior de las estructuras oculares internas, incluyendo la cabeza anatómica del nervio óptico. El objetivo de este caso es reportar la adaptación de lente de contacto de apoyo escleral en un caso de glaucoma esteroideo y queratocono, tratado con válvula de Ahmed y queratoplastia penetrante bilateral.
DO CAMPO DAS FALSAS MEMÓRIAS ÀS FALSAS MEMÓRIAS DO CAMPO: IMPRESSÕES OBTIDAS ATRAVÉS DO ACOMPANHAMENTO DE OITIVAS POLICIAIS NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE PORTO ALEGRE
Authors: Lazaretti Bruna Furini , De Ávila Gustavo Noronha , Do Amaral Mariana Moreno
Published: January 2019

No presente estudo, pretendemos realizar uma discussão sobre o funcionamento (de parte) do sistema penal em relação à produção de falsas memórias. Assim, observamos criticamente a investigações de homicídios, em uma Delegacia especializada, com foco nas narrações e suas sujeições a fatores de sugestionabilidade. Essa pesquisa deu-se entre os meses de abril e julho de 2012, em uma delegacia da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, que trabalha apenas com homicídios. Foram observadas dez oitivas policiais, escolhidas aleatoriamente, envolvendo homicídios consumados ou tentados. Acompanhamos as inquirições realizadas por quatro diferentes policiais civis (três deles escrivães e um inspetor). Utilizamos um computador portátil para realizar nosso diário de campo, tentando transcrever a íntegra das perguntas/respostas observadas. Todos os observados participaram voluntariamente, sendo que em nenhuma das oitivas por nós acompanhada houve recusa por parte dos envolvidos a nossa presença. Foi assegurada a confidencialidade durante todo o processo. A partir deste estudo, pudemos notar que raramente há um padrão de inquirição realizado pelos policiais. Inexiste um protocolo pré-definido de como agir, havendo substancial diferença, quanto à qualidade, entre os depoimentos tomados com curta distância de tempo em relação ao fato e os em que haviam decorrido anos entre o fato e a entrevista. Tais circunstâncias constituem terreno fértil para a geração de falsas memórias e, por via de consequência, privações de liberdade.
EMENDAS CONSTITUCIONAIS E AÇÕES DIRETAS DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE NO BRASIL (1988-2016)
Authors: Fernandes Antônio Alves Tôrres
Published: January 2019

O propósito deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise acerca das propostas de emenda à constituição (PEC) e Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) no perí­odo de 1988 até 2016. Metodologicamente, foi utilizada estatí­stica descritiva para verificar as PECs (propostas e promulgadas) e ADIs por ano. De acordo com os resultados, apesar da rigidez constitucional brasileira, foram realizados 95 emendamentos até 2016. 2014 foi o ano com maior quantidade de emendamentos (8). Em relação as Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade, 2003 foi o ano com mais ADIs ajuizadas, enquanto que 2002 foi o ano com maior quantidade de julgamentos.
Clínica de Direitos Humanos Luiz Gama: Reflexões acerca do Direito à Convivência Familiar a partir da pesquisa ‘Infância e Maternidades nas Ruas de São Paulo’
Authors: Dantas Germano Gomes Janaína , Cavalcanti Salatino Laura , Nascimento Reyna Mariana
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo busca refletir sobre práticas de atendimento a mães em situação de rua, em especial no que toca aos encaminhamentos pelos setores da saúde, assistência social e Judiciário, no contexto de tensão entres os diversos ideais de modelo de maternidade tidos como socialmente possíveis. Apresentamos considerações iniciais sobre a construção de interpretações jurídicas nativas e sobre os locais das agentes públicas da rede intersetorial de atendimento que, no limite, vêm acarretando a destituição precoce do poder familiar de mulheres sobre seus bebês, sob a justificativa legal da “proteção aos direitos da criança”. Concluímos pela necessidade de ampliar o debate, atualmente de responsabilização das mulheres pela sua própria condição de vulnerabilidade, para a reflexão sobre as políticas públicas deficitárias e escassas que lhes são ofertadas.
História e filosofia da ciência em evento de ensino de ciências
Authors: Ribeiro Suellen Cristine Isidoro , Velloso Verônica Pimenta , Moreira Maria Cristina do Amaral
Published: January 2019

As relações entre ciência e sociedade são cada vez mais complexas como resultado de mudanças no cotidiano das pessoas. No ensino de ciências, essas mudanças suscitam uma formação docente para o pensamento crítico acerca do processo de desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico e seus produtos. O estudo visou à inserção da História e Filosofia da Ciência como metodologia de ensino como forma de aproximar o saber sobre ciências do ensino de ciências. Para alcançar esse objetivo pesquisamos os trabalhos acadêmicos apresentados por quinze anos em evento de relevância para a pesquisa em ensino de ciências. A finalidade foi a de identificar e problematizar os trabalhos, estratégias e propostas pedagógicas que incluíssem a História e Filosofia da Ciência no ensino. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, para a demarcação de panorama das pesquisas. Os resultados demonstraram haver poucos trabalhos empíricos envolvendo a História e Filosofia da Ciência e que as principais estratégias identificadas foram: jogos, experimentos, filmes, sendo mais recorrentes as que usam textos e questionários. No que diz respeito às disciplinas, a Física comparece com mais contribuições, como apontado em estudos anteriores. No que concerne aos objetivos do uso dessa metodologia, foi identificado que a maioria dos trabalhos analisados procurou aborda-la para que a ciência fosse entendida como um processo, influenciada por fatores históricos, sociais, econômicos, e não como um produto acabado.
Periódicos especializados e a historiografia da educação no Brasil: Revista Brasileira de História da Educação (SBHE) e a Revista HISTEDBR On-line (UNICAMP) (2013-2015)
Authors: Silva Carla Cristina Jacinto , Ferreira Élida Cristina Silva , Rozetti Izabel , Souza Sauloéber Társio , Silveira Tânia Cristina
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre a historiografia da educação no Brasil a partir de artigos publicados no triênio 2013-2015, na Revista Brasileira de História da Educação (SBHE, 2001) e na Revista HISTEDBR On-line (UNICAMP, 2000). A proposta de se realizar um balanço historiográfico, a partir da análise de duas das principais revistas especializadas, visa promover a reflexão sobre a produção recente de artigos referentes à história da educação, além de realizar um mapeamento desse campo teórico. Como apoio metodológico, apoiamo-nos na técnica da bibliometria que possibilitou a produção de dados quantitativos e análises estatísticas de mais de quatro centenas de artigos publicados pela HISTEDBR On-line e, aproximadamente, uma centena de artigos publicados pela RBHE. As revistas escolhidas contam com pesquisadores e consultores de reconhecido mérito científico em seus corpos editoriais, constituindo-se em importantes veículos de comunicação do conhecimento histórico educativo. Esses periódicos foram originados de iniciativas de grupos e sociedades bastante atuantes na pesquisa em História da Educação. As reflexões apontaram tendências, aproximações e peculiaridades ao visualizar o campo a partir de periódicos distintos e as diferenças são marcantes especialmente nos grupos temáticos predominantes de cada revista. Quanto à metodologia usada para este estudo, o ponto de partida foi a tabulação dos artigos publicados (leitura de títulos, resumos e palavras-chave), demandando empenho na manipulação do grande volume de informações, mesmo que esse exercício tenha sido facilitado pelo livre acesso aos acervos digitais desses periódicos.
História, instituições escolares e o materialismo histórico dialético
Authors: Molina Rodrigo Sarruge
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo objetiva analisar a contribuição teórico-metodológica do materialismo histórico dialético para o campo da Educação, especialmente para o estudo histórico das Instituições Escolares. Resultado de debates desenvolvidos na pós-graduação da Faculdade de Educação da UNICAMP constatamos a grande importância dos estudos das instituições escolares para a área da educação, pois enriquecem a prática pedagógica nas escolas, fortalecem os compromissos desses autores institucionais com a educação e desenvolve o conjunto da área da Educação, pois a história das escolas é a própria História da Educação. Nesse sentido, concluímos que o materialismo histórico dialético tem fundamental contribuição para a Educação, dado que sem o auxílio desse campo teórico e metodológico os estudos da história das instituições escolares ficariam, ainda mais, sem problemas e objetos.
Educação escolar e transformação social: leituras de Manacorda e Mészáros
Authors: Zimmer Sérgio Antônio , Castanha André Paulo
Published: January 2019

O presente texto é resultado de nossa pesquisa em nível de mestrado em educação, cujo objetivo é analisar, nos escritos de Manacorda e Mészáros, o papel da educação escolar no processo de transformação social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica que analisa as obras dos autores sobre educação. Organizamos o artigo em três partes: na primeira abordaremos aspectos biográficos dos pensadores, na segunda tratamos sobre educação escolar e transformação social; finalizamos com as considerações finais. Como resultado, destacamos que para os pensadores o papel da educação escolar deve ser o de elevar consciência crítica dos trabalhadores, além disso, deve se articular a uma educação não escolar, que defenda a necessidade de transformação social estrutural em todas as esferas da vida humana, que altere a subordinação do trabalho ao capital e contribua com a superação da sociedade de classes.
Escolas aprisionadas em uma democracia aprisionada: anotações para uma resistência propositiva
Authors: Freitas Luiz Carlos de
Published: January 2019

Este ensaio procura problematizar o período de resistência que se abre com a eleição de Bolsonaro para a presidência da república, procurando caracterizar as filosofias sociais que lhe dão suporte e a partir do posicionamento destas no cenário mundial, valendo-se da contribuição de autores como I. Wallerstein, estudioso dos sistemas mundo, tirar consequências práticas para uma resistência propositiva. O texto aponta também para consequências na política educacional.
Investigating the Professional Competency and Reflective Practices of State Islamic Primary School English Teachers
Authors: Rahmat Hery
Published: January 2019

Continuous teacher reflection is part of the teachers’ education literature. However, in practice, teachers rarely carry out self-reflection processes to make a number of improvements toward their professional performance. This research aimed to know (1) the professional competency of State Primary Islamic School (MIN) English teachers in Mataram in conducting learning process; (2) the reflective practice of these teachers to improve their professional competencies in conducting learning process. This is a qualitative descriptive research as it describes data of the professional competency and the reflective practice of State Primary Islamic School (MIN) English teachers in Mataram in conducting learning process. To collect data, the reseracher uses observation, interview and dokumentation. The research informen are MIN headmasters,  English language teachers, and some students. The data analysis technique used (1) data reduction; (2) data verification; and (3) Conclusion. The reserach result showed that (1)  the professional competency of State Primary Islamic School (MIN) English teachers in Mataram in conducting learning process is good enough. It is indicated through implementation of three learning activities (Introduction Activity, Main Activity, and Closing Activity) with the supported activities; (2) There are 3 types of reflective practice done by English teachers of State Primary Islamic School (MIN) in Mataram through learning process namely (a) the use of learning media; (b) the addition of exercise score; and (c) the chianging of exercise content.
Facile Synthesis of Methylsilsesquioxane Aerogels with Uniform Mesopores by Microwave Drying
Authors: Guo Xingzhong , Shan Jiaqi , Lei Wei , Ding Ronghua , Zhang Yun , Yang Hui
Published: January 2019

Methylsilsesquioxane aerogels with uniform mesopores have been facilely prepared via a sol–gel process followed by microwave drying with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as precursor, hydrochloric acid (HCl) as catalyst, water and methanol as solvents, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as surfactant and template and propylene oxide (PO) as gelation agent. The microstructure, chemical composition and pore structures of the resultant MSQ aerogels were investigated in detail to achieve controllable preparation of MSQ aerogels, and the thermal stability of MSQ aerogels was also analyzed. The gelation agent, catalyst, solvent and microwave power have important roles on pore structures of MSQ aerogels. Meanwhile, microwave drying method is found to not only have a remarkable effect on improving production efficiency, but also be conducive to avoid the collapse of pore structure especially micropores during drying. The resulting MSQ aerogel microwave-dried at 500 W possesses a specific surface area up to 821 m2/g and a mesopore size of 20 nm, and displays good thermal stability.
Experimental Investigation of Freezing and Melting Characteristics Of Graphene Based Phase Change Nanocomposite for Cold Thermal Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Sidney Shaji , D Mohan Lal , C Selvam , Harish Sivasankaran
Published: January 2019

In the present work freezing and melting characteristics of water seeded with chemically functionalized graphene nano-platelets in a vertical cylindrical capsule was experimentally studied. The volume percentage of functionalized graphene nano-platelets was varied from 0.1% to 0.5% with an interval of 0.1%. The stability of the synthesised samples were carried out by zeta potential distribution. The thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite samples were experimentally measured using transient hot wire method. A maximum enhancement of ~24% in the thermal conductivity was observed for the 0.5% volume percentage in the liquid state while a ~53% enhancement in the solid state. Freezing and melting behaviour of water dispersed with graphene nanoplatelets were carried out using a cylindrical stainless steel capsule in a constant temperature bath. The bath temperatures considered for studying freezing characteristics were considered to be −6 °C and −10 °C, while to study the melting characteristics the bath temperature was set as 31 °C and 36 °C. The freezing and melting time decreased for all the test conditions when the volume percentage of GnP increased.  The freezing rate was enhanced by ~ 43% and ~32% for the bath temperatures of −6 °C and −10 °C respectively at 0.5 vol % of graphene loading. The melting rate was enhanced by ~42% and ~63% for the bath temperature of 31 °C and 36 °C respectively at 0.5 vol % of graphene loading.
Flow-Induced Stresses and Displacements in Jointed Concrete Pipes, Installed by Pipe Jacking Method
Authors: Karakouzian Moses , Karami Mehrdad , Nazari-Sharabian Mohammad , Ahmad Sajjad
Published: January 2019

Transient flows result in unbalanced forces and high pressure in pipelines. Under these conditions, the combined effects of flow-induced forces along with sudden pipe displacements can create cracks in the pipeline, especially at the junctions. This situation consequently results in water leakage and reduced operational efficiency of the pipeline. In this study, displacements and stresses in a buried pressurized water transmission pipe installed by pipe jacking method are investigated using numerical modeling and considering interactions between fluid, pipe, and soil. The analyses were performed consecutively under no-flow, steady flow, and transient flow conditions, in order to investigate the effects of flow conditions on displacements and stresses in the system. Analyses of the results show that displacements and stresses in the jointed concrete pipes are significant under transient flow conditions. Moreover, because of pressure transient effects, maximum tensile stresses exceed the tensile strength of concrete at the junctions, leading to cracks and consequent water leakage.
Ankylosing Spondylitis Is Associated with Risk of New Onset Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Tsao Chien-Han , Huang Jing-Yang , Huang Hsin-Hsin , Hung Yao-Min , Wei James Cheng-Chung
Published: January 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients in a nationwide population. Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study between 2003 and 2013 using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The AS cohort included 2210 patients who were newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2013. Randomly selected non-AS controls were matched at a 1:4 ratio based on age, sex and index date. The endpoint of OSA was occurrence or the end of 2013. Cumulative incidences, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated after adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities and co-medications. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards model. Due to violation of the proportionality assumption, landmark analysis was conducted to explore the risk of OSA during specific follow-up periods. Results: The adjusted HR (aHR) of OSA for the AS group was 2.826 (95% C.I. = 1.727–4.625) compared to the control group. On landmark analysis, aHR was 7.919 (95% C.I. = 3.169–19.792) for AS group 0–24 months from index date, and decreased to 1.816 (95% C.I. = 0.944–3.494) at ≥24 months from index date. On subgroup analyses increased risks of OSA in AS group compared to the control group were found for both males and females (aHRs were 4.533 (95% C.I. = 1.441–14.262) and 2.672 (95% C.I. = 1.522–4.692) for females and males, respectively). On age stratified analysis, there was significant risk only for the 40-59 age group with aHR of 3.913 (95% C.I. = 1.890–8.102). Conclusions: A higher risk of developing OSA was found among newly diagnosed AS cohort during the 12-year follow-up period, especially within 2 years after AS index date and in the 40–59 age group.
Capital Allocation Efficiency, SOEs Reform and China’s Economic Growth
Authors: LI Zhao
Published: January 2019

This paper studies the mechanism of how China’s state-owned enterprise (SOEs) reform can influences economic growth, and distinguishes the capital efficiency between state-owned and private enterprises. The results show that: 1) the capital allocation efficiency among state-owned enterprises is lower than private enterprise due to an insufficiently released productivity of state-owned enterprises; 2) although with a higher capital allocation efficiency, the improvement of technology progress of private enterprises at a much slower pace compared to its rapidly increasing share in China’s economy. In case of poor allocation with private sector, blindly reforming ownership of state-owned enterprises cannot effectively alleviate the problem of efficiency losses. State-owned enterprise reform can boost economic growth by increasing capital marginal output, improving capital dynamic allocation efficiency, promoting TFP growth and exerting external spillovers on other firms. At present, China is exploring the endogenous power of economic growth, improving the market institutions and promoting the state-owned enterprises reform with positive and steady pace. By properly re-allocation SOEs into the private sector, which has significant influence on improving economic efficiency and promoting sustained economic growth.
Operative Positioning Technique for an Intertrochanteric Fracture in a Patient with an Ipsilateral Below-the-Knee Amputation
Authors: Curley Andrew J. , Chang Edward S.
Published: January 2019

Case:

A 56-year-old man with a remote history of a left below-the-knee amputation (BKA) presented to the emergency department with an ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture (IT). This case produced an operative challenge because commonly used intraoperative traction methods could not be applied to a patient with a BKA.

Conclusion:

We describe a rarely utilized surgical technique of applying traction to an amputated extremity through an inverted boot on a fracture table during open reduction and internal fixation of an IT.
Unusual Horizontal Patellar Dislocation Reduced without General Anesthesia
Authors: Uluyardımcı Enes , Bozkurt İbrahim , Öçgüder Durmuş Ali , Yalçın Nadir
Published: January 2019

Case:

Horizontal patellar dislocation is a rare clinical event, and there is no consensus on its management. We describe 2 relatively elderly patients with 2 different types of horizontal patellar dislocation who were successfully treated with closed reduction without general anesthesia.

Conclusion:

Appropriate and gently managed closed reduction without general anesthesia may be successful in cases of acute horizontal patellar dislocation, provided there are no osteophytes or an injury that requires surgical treatment. With closed reduction and subsequent rehabilitation, patients can regain functional capacity quickly.
A Desmoid Tumor Involving the Subscapularis Muscle
Authors: Ballatori Sarah E. , Hecht Jonathan L. , Lozano-Calderón Santiago A.
Published: January 2019

Case:

A 31-year-old woman developed worsening pain and paresthesia in the neck, shoulder, and arm over a period of 6 years. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a soft-tissue mass in the subscapular region, with likely involvement of the scapula and the subscapularis muscle. The mass was resected, and the final histologic diagnosis was desmoid-type fibromatosis.

Conclusion:

Desmoid tumors with subscapularis muscle involvement are exceedingly rare. Although limited range of motion is the more common presentation for these tumors, this case demonstrates that desmoid tumors may present with primarily neurologic symptoms.
Trial Summary on the Comparison of Various Non‐Aflatoxigenic Strains of Aspergillus flavus on Mycotoxin Levels and Yield in Maize
Authors: Molo Megan S. , Heiniger Ron W. , Boerema Leah , Carbone Ignazio
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

Biocontrol strains are effective at reducing AF levels in maize.

Native and commercially available biocontrol strains are equally effective in reducing AF levels.

Deploying strains of opposite mating types in combination can lead to the greatest reduction in AF contamination.

The fungus Aspergillus flavus can contaminate maize (Zea mays L.) by producing aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites that have been shown to have adverse health impacts for humans and animals when ingested in large quantities or over extended lengths of time. The FDA strictly regulates that corn contaminated with more than 20 parts per billion (ppb) AFs cannot be marketed for human consumption; therefore, AFs cost US corn growers billions of dollars every year. Current methods to curb aflatoxin contamination in fields involve dense applications of non‐aflatoxigenic biological control (biocontrol) strains, either Afla‐Guard or AF36, that outcompete native strains and reduce toxicity levels throughout the field. This fungus is heterothallic and sexual reproduction occurs between isolates of opposite mating types, either MAT1−1 or MAT1−2. Both biocontrol strains are of a single mating type MAT1−2. The implications of adding a strain of opposite mating type (MAT1−1) to this formulation are unknown. Here we examine the ability of native non‐aflatoxigenic strains applied singly and in combination to reduce AF concentrations in a cornfield in Rocky Mount, NC. We show that native, non‐aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains reduced aflatoxin levels and increased yield when compared with untreated controls. Moreover, the strain formulations that included sexually compatible MAT1−1 and MAT1−2 strains showed the greatest reduction in aflatoxin levels. We propose that using a combination of native isolates of opposite mating types reduces AF levels further than current biocontrol agents of a single mating‐type strain and could potentially provide a more long‐term form of control.
O efeito da governança tributária sobre o custo de capital das empresas brasileiras
Authors: Moreira Caritsa Scartaty , Silva Maurício Correa
Published: January 2019

O mercado acionário brasileiro vive em crescimento constante, porém há conflitos de interesses entre o principal e o agente quanto à gestão dos recursos aplicados, que por sua vez originam o problema de agência. Então, a relação entre esse cenário de conflitos e a complexidade e obscuridade do sistema tributário brasileiro está diretamente relacionada ao investidor, uma vez que este busca o maior retorno possível de seus investimentos. Desse modo, boas práticas de governança tributária para a redução da carga tributária incidente sobre o lucro das companhias, pode ser uma estratégia a ser utilizada pelas empresas para reduzir a taxa mínima de retorno demandada pelos acionistas. Assim, esta pesquisa buscou analisar o efeito da Governança Tributária sobre o custo de capital próprio das empresas brasileiras listadas na B3. A amostra final resultou em um painel balanceado formado por 300 observações, cuja análise compreendeu 60 empresas no período de 2012 a 2016. Os dados analisados foram extraídos da Bloomberg® e do Formulário de Referência disponível no sítio eletrônico do Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão (B3). A metodologia utilizada foi a regressão múltipla do tipo pooled. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que as boas práticas de governança tributária influenciam, estatística e positivamente, o custo de capital das empresas brasileiras, isto é, à medida que não há redução dos fluxos de caixa provenientes do pagamento de tributos, os investidores aumentam a taxa de retorno esperada dos investimentos realizados. Concluindo, que a variação no custo de capital próprio das empresas pode ser explicada pela adoção da governança tributária.
Compras governamentais: panorama atual e desafios
Authors: Eliseu Costa Renato , Hollnagel Heloisa Candia , Bueno Ricardo Luiz Pereira
Published: January 2019

As compras governamentais são relevantes tanto do ponto de vista socioeconômico quanto para a eficiência da Administração Pública. No atual panorama das compras públicas no Brasil, há perspectiva de considerável redução de custos ao erário, de maior eficácia, efetividade e transparência, com tendência de inclusão e fortalecimento de novas abordagens com as compras sustentáveis, compras eletrônicas e das políticas públicas de fomento às micro e pequenas empresas. Assim, refletir sobre os processos de gestão das compras governamentais se torna relevante. O presente artigo; por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva com uso de estatísticas divulgadas pelo governo e análise multivariada de dados, contextualiza a licitação no país e suas tendências; demonstra que o sistema de contratação pública no Brasil, ainda não atingiu o esperado, resultados que evidenciam que existe necessidade de buscar o aperfeiçoamento, além dos parâmetros mais avançados das compras das organizações privadas, respeitando-se os princípios da Administração Pública.