bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 no diagnóstico de HIV em um centro de testagem no município de Guarujá, São Paulo
Authors: Araujo Laís Maessaka , Pimenta Catia Cristina , Nascimento Claudia Maria Santos , Dias Heloisa Aparecida Cavalcante , Santos Marcia Helena Rodrigues Mendes dos , Curcio Marilene da Silva , Rossete Sandra Cristina Maria dos Santos , Pereira Silvana , Carvalho Uedinei Alves de
Published: May 2024

Introdução: O Centro de Testagem, Aconselhamento, Prevenção e Treinamento (CTAPT), no município de Guarujá, São Paulo, tem como objetivo a oferta de prevenção, aconselhamento para o HIV/AIDS, diagnóstico e garantir o tratamento para as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. A testagem rápida para HIV é a principal estratégia que garante o diagnóstico precoce, o tratamento e a vinculação, com a finalidade da interrupção da cadeia de transmissão do vírus. Com a pandemia da COVID-19, a procura pelo teste rápido diminuiu e, com isso, houve uma queda significativa no número de diagnósticos de HIV. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 no diagnóstico de HIV, buscando compreender os fatores relacionados à diminuição da busca pela testagem. Métodos: Como coleta de dados, utilizou-se o Sistema de Informações para CTA (SICTA), que registra o número de atendimentos no CTAPT, testes realizados e resultados reagentes. O período analisado foi de 1º de janeiro de 2019 a 31 de dezembro de 2022, categorizado por faixa etária e sexo. Resultados: Ao analisar os atendimentos realizados em 2019 e 2020, por meio do número de testes de HIV registrados e diagnósticos novos, observa-se diminuição de cerca de 35% da procura por testes, considerando 1.257 testes realizados em 2019 e 819 testes em 2020. Se considerar os diagnóticos (resultados reagentes para HIV), a queda é ainda maior, com 43% menos casos, sendo 21 em 2019 e 12 em 2020. Após o início da vacinação nacional contra a COVID e a flexibilização das medidas de isolamento, houve o retorno da procura pela testagem, como é possível observar nos dados de 2021 (1.010 testes realizados e 25 reagentes) e 2022 (1.033 testes realizados e 21 reagentes). Conclusão: Com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e a evidente necessidade de isolamento social, fica claro que o esforço coletivo em minimizar os efeitos causados pela pandemia foi a principal causa da diminuição de diagnósticos de HIV no ano de 2020.
Perfil dos óbitos por sífilis congênita no estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2017–2022
Authors: Lemos Elizabeth Borges , Faria Luiza Carneiro da Cunha , Gomes Juliana Rebello , Pires Denise Ribeiro Franqueira , Teofilo Marcella Martins Alves
Published: May 2024

Considerando que o estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ) é um dos estados brasileiros com as maiores taxas de incidência e coeficiente de mortalidade infantil específica para a doença, conhecer o perfil dos óbitos por sífilis congênita no ERJ é de extrema importância para uma investigação detalhada sobre onde estão as maiores vulnerabilidades para interceder com estudos, orientações, treinamento técnico e outras melhorias. O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos por sífilis congênita em menores de 1 ano do ERJ no período de 2017–2021. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico descritivo realizado com dados secundários sem identificação, retirados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) referentes ao ERJ entre os anos de 2017 e 2021. Foram analisados os óbitos fetais e não fetais. Os dados foram exportados da base nacional do SIM em abril de 2023. Para a organização dos dados foi utilizado o software Microsoft Excel 2010. Ocorreu um total de 1.310 óbitos por sífilis congênita. Aconteceram óbitos em 54,3% dos municípios.Os casos concentram-se na capital (36,7%) e em Duque de Caxias (13,4%), podendo estar atrelado ao número de habitantes e à maior sensibilidade dos profissionais. Os óbitos por sífilis congênita no âmbito do ERJ, no período abordado, demonstrou que, em sua maioria, estão relacionados a aborto e natimorto dentro de instituições públicas, em mulheres jovens, pretas e pardas, de baixa escolaridade, residentes dos grandes centros urbanos, direcionando a vulnerabilidades e iniquidades sociais, que ultrapassam o setor saúde. O pré-natal de qualidade é vital no combate à sífilis congênita. Ainda assim, foi possível enxergar uma queda na série histórica possivelmente relacionada ao esforço dos serviços de saúde na melhoria da assistência à saúde.
A evolução das metodologias diagnósticas de HIV/AIDS: uma análise histórica da epidemia no Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Willian Cardoso
Published: May 2024

No marco histórico de 40 anos do isolamento em laboratório do HIV, é importante avaliar a evolução tanto das metodologias diagnósticas quanto das políticas públicas aplicadas ao assunto em nosso país. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática nas principais plataformas acadêmicas (Scientific Eletronic Library Online – SciELO, National Library of Medicine – PubMed e Google Acadêmico) foi possível remontar a breve história epidemiológica brasileira frente ao vírus. O diagnóstico do HIV no Brasil passou por diversas etapas ao longo das últimas décadas. Desde as primeiras notificações, no início dos anos 1980, o combate à epidemia começou com a criação da Coordenação Nacional de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis e AIDS (CN DST/AIDS). Os primeiros testes introduzidos no país e usados para o diagnóstico da infecção foi o ELISA, possibilitando determinar a prevalência em diferentes grupos populacionais. Na década de 1990, surgiram os Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA), que oferecem testes gratuitos e confidenciais para a população. Nesse momento, o Brasil também começa a incluir a realização de testes complementares para o diagnóstico, como o Western Blot. Com o avanço nas pesquisas, nos anos 2000 as novas gerações de ELISA já eram capazes de detectar diferentes anticorpos e antígenos específicos, ampliando a sensibilidade e reduzindo a janela de soroconversão, assim como os testes rápidos surgem com resultados em menos de 30 minutos e sem a necessidade de equipamentos complexos, sendo uma ferramenta de grande impacto no diagnóstico do HIV, especialmente nas regiões de difícil acesso do território brasileiro. Ao longo dos anos, o Brasil adotou diferentes metodologias de diagnóstico e políticas públicas vinculadas ao HIV, passando por avanços biotecnológicos e a incorporação de testes mais sensíveis e específicos, o que contribuiu para o combate à epidemia e garantiu o acesso digno ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento da população.
Avaliação da pandemia de COVID-19 no enfrentamento à sífilis no município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
Authors: Paula Vinícius Gonçalves de , Tupinambás Unaí
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A sífilis tornou-se um problema de saúde pública mundial e requer ações estratégicas para o enfrentamento e redução de todas as suas complicações, notadamente a sífilis congênita (SC). O isolamento social, iniciado com a pandemia de COVID-19, pode ter contribuído para uma elevação de novas infecções pela sífilis e piora dos indicadores. Objetivo: Analisar a pandemia de COVID-19 nas ações desenvolvidas de enfrentamento à sífilis e à SC em Belo Horizonte (BH). Métodos: Os dados foram divididos em três períodos distintos: pré-pandemia (2018–2019), período de maior restrição social (2020) e após início da vacinação (2021). Foram analisadas as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais presentes nas fichas de notificação de sífilis. Em seguida, utilizou-se a análise estatística do teste de χ2 de Pearson. Resultados: Constatou-se uma perda de 68,8% no banco da SC por falta de preenchimento das fichas de notificação; queda na sífilis adquirida — de 3.744, em 2019, para 3.134, em 2020 — e diferença significativa na escolaridade, na raça/cor e na faixa etária; queda nas gestantes — de 751, em 2019, para 714, em 2020 — e diferença significativa na qualificação do pré-natal, indicando diagnóstico e tratamento oportuno realizado; e queda na SC — de 285, em 2019, para 201, em 2020, com diferença estatística nos sintomáticos, contrastando com um aumento de 95% nos assintomáticos, quando comparado a 2021. Na união dos bancos de gestantes e SC, 2.052 gestantes não tiveram desfecho de SC e 917 casos foram notificados como SC: negras (82,7%) com ensino fundamental completo (51,1%) e com até 29 anos (76,7%) com maiores chances de infecção por sífilis e transmissão vertical. Conclusão: O ano de 2020 causou uma queda no número total de notificações de sífilis adquirida, possivelmente em razão das restrições sociais impostas e da baixa procura aos serviços de diagnóstico, porém houve qualificação do pré-natal devido às ações de enfrentamento à doença estabelecidas no município por meio do projeto “Sífilis Não”.
Infecção por HPV de alto risco oncogênico em mulheres atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Farias Karol Fireman de , Silva Denise Macêdo da , Nascimento Cristiane Araújo , Barbosa Nirliane Ribeiro , Passos Mauro Romero Leal , Lima Filho José Luis , Figueiredo Elaine Virgínia Martins de Souza
Published: May 2024

Introdução: O papilomavírus humano (HPV) é um vírus de DNA circular com alta prevalência e transmissibilidade. Até o momento, foram identificados cerca de 200 tipos de HPV, classificados em baixo e alto risco de acordo com o seu potencial oncogênico. Além disso, o HPV de alto risco é o principal agente etiológico do câncer do colo do útero. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da infecção por HPV de alto risco oncogênico em mulheres atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle realizado com 709 mulheres atendidas na APS para o rastreamento do câncer do colo uterino, em Alagoas, Brasil. A extração de DNA total foi realizada segundo o kit Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification, da Promega, e a identificação viral por meio da técnica nested-PCR com os primers MY09/MY11 e GP5+/GP6+. Para sequenciamento do DNA viral foi utilizado o kit BigDye Terminator v3.1 (Applied Biosystems, EUA). Resultados: Foram analisadas 709 amostras, das quais 50,07% (n=355) apresentaram resultado HPV-positivo. Houve maior prevalência de HPV+ em mulheres na faixa etária entre 18 e 49 anos (69,8%), que possuíam renda familiar de até dois salários mínimos (82,2%). Pesquisa sob o parecer nº 739.340. O sequenciamento genético foi realizado em 60 amostras HPV+, possibilitando a identificação de tipos oncogênicos em 80% (n=48) delas. Foram identificados 17 genótipos do HPV, dos quais 13 eram de alto risco (16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 69, 70 e 82) e quatro de baixo risco (6, 54, 61 e 81). O HPV-16 foi encontrado em 23,33% (n=14) das amostras, destacando-se como o mais frequente. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se alta prevalência da infecção por HPV de alto risco na população analisada. Além disso, a identificação de genótipos oncogênicos predominantes reforça a necessidade de abordagens preventivas, rastreamento e vacinação.
Willingness to Test for HIV among the Population of Adults in Relation to their Sexual Activity and Opinions
Authors: Bialorudzki Maciej , Nowak Arkadiusz , Mazur Joanna , Kozakiewicz Alicja , Izdebski Zbigniew
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Surveys concerning sexual life were conducted in Poland five times between 1997–2017. Within that period, the proportion of respondents who declared oral and anal contacts grew significantly. The decreasing proportion of people who consider having an HIV blood test (dropped by 6% from 2011 to 2017) was alarming. Objective: To identify the main factors related to willingness to test for HIV. Methods: The data pertain to 1,746 persons aged 18–49 years, surveyed in 2017 (49.1% males, average age 31.8±9.7). Twenty socio-demographic and behavioral independent variables were considered, including sexual behaviors and related opinions. Apart from the univariate analysis, a multi-factor logistic regression model was estimated for 1,364 sexually active persons. Results: Of the total respondents, 15.8% had considered HIV screening, and 10.3% had made it. The analyzed proportion grew up to 34.0% among people who had bisexual experience and up to 48.3% in case of only homosexual contact, and up to 29.1% and 21.5% in case of anal and oral contacts, respectively. Among others, the increase in HIV screening intent was related to the growing role of sex in life, a higher number of partners, being single, preferring sex without love, understanding HIV risk, and a positive attitude towards homosexuality. In the multi-factor analysis, in order of importance, the following predictors remained in the final model (coefficient of determination [R2]=0.140): residing in a big city (odds ratio [OR]=2.52), anal contact (OR=1.72), maintaining homosexual contact only (OR=6.33), oral contact (OR=2.03), considering homosexuality as nothing wrong (OR=1.61), perception of HIV hazard (OR=1.45), and allowing sex without love (OR=1.40). Conclusion: HIV screening is still not a common practice in Poland. Stigmatization and limited access to screening centers may be the barrier, which was proven by the dominant influence of the domicile, even when adjusted for behavioral and cultural factors.
Perception of HIV Infection Risk by People Aged 18–49 Years in Poland and Selected Opinions on Internet-related Norms
Authors: Izdebski Zbigniew , Bialorudzki Maciej , Nowak Arkadiusz , Kozakiewicz Alicja , Mazur Joanna
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Cyclically repeated surveys on sexuality were initiated in Poland in 1997 by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). In 2011 and 2017, an identical proportion (13%) ignored the HIV and those who disagreed with the further statement increased by 7%. Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine the relation between opinions on acceptable and reprehensible sexual behaviors in cyberspace and perception of HIV hazard. Methods: The data pertain to 1,746 persons aged 18–49 years, surveyed in 2017 (49.1% of males, average age 31.8±9.7). The following statement was analyzed: the risk of HIV infection is so low that there is virtually nothing to be afraid of. The strength of the association with five statements was estimated with the use of logistic regression. Profiles of opinions on Internet-related norms were identified with the k-means clustering method. Results: Within the surveyed group, 66.0% disagreed with the statement that the risk of HIV is low. The relation with disagreement to publishing intimate photos of other people on the Internet appeared the strongest one (odds ratio [OR]=2.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81–4.10, p-value [p]<0.001). Three opinion profiles were identified where the percentage of people aware of HIV threat was 49.4, 71.1 and 71.4% respectively. The first profile (24.7% of the respondents) is distinguished by acceptance of publishing sexual photos and contents on the web and generally a higher proportion of persons who do not have strong opinions on all the items under study. Conclusion: Analysis of the profile of opinions on sexual behaviors allows identifying people who recognize or ignore HIV infection risk.
Cantinho da prevenção: relato de experiência de um hospital referência em traumatologia em Goiás
Authors: Oliveira Luzia dos Santos , Andrade Merentina Gonçalves dos Santos , Silva Vanis Correia da , Nunes Rafael Enrique Nascimento
Published: May 2024

Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) prevalecem como um importante desafio para a saúde pública. Objetivo: Relatar a implantação do cantinho da prevenção ao HIV e as IST em um hospital referência em traumatologia no estado de Goiás. Métodos: Criou-se um cantinho em que pudesse ser disponibilizado insumos de prevenção às IST, assim como mensagens que estimulassem os profissionais de saúde, acompanhantes e pacientes a repensarem sobre a prática do uso dos métodos de prevenção. Resultados: O cantinho da prevenção teve início em setembro de 2022 com a instalação de porta-preservativos na recepção social, da emergência, ambulatório, porta de entrada do SESMT, corredor de acesso ao refeitório e no Núcleo Hospitalar de Epidemiologia. Desde a implantação até o mês de maio de 2023, foram distribuídos 64.280 insumos de prevenção, sendo 94,1% (60.480) preservativos masculinos, 3,7% (2.400) preservativos femininos e 2,2% (1.400) gel lubrificante. Os meses de dezembro e fevereiro foram os que registraram maior distribuição de preservativos masculinos: 14.400 e 10.080, respectivamente. A média de insumos de prevenção distribuídos por mês foi de 7.142 unidades. Conclusão: A oportunidade dos profissionais de ter esses insumos disponível no ambiente de trabalho pode estimular os profissionais quanto a prática do uso do preservativo como método de prevenção. Pacientes, acompanhantes e visitantes têem a oportunidade de adquirir o insumo sem ter que ir a uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) — muitas vezes, esse insumo é disponível de forma controlada. Portanto, recomenda-se que os serviços de saúde, independentemente do nível de atenção ou especialidade do serviço, tenham cantinhos como este, podendo ser um espaço de confiança entre o usuário e o serviço, fortalecendo assim a prevenção do HIV e das IST.
Diagnóstico situacional da rede de atenção às pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS: conhecer para intervi
Authors: Moura Lilian Nobre de , França Francisco Alisson Paula de , Nascimento Tayrine Huana de Sousa , Gianna Maria Clara
Published: May 2024

Introdução: O Brasil assumiu compromisso junto à Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) para até 2030 atingir as metas 95-95-95, que consistem em 95% das pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) diagnosticadas; dessas, 95% em uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV); e, das PVHA em TARV, 95% com supressão viral (<1.000 cópias/mm3). O êxito no alcance dessas metas está relacionado com a qualidade da assistência prestada às PVHA. Assim, conhecer a rede de atenção à saúde ligada ao cuidado das PVHA se torna fundamental. Objetivo: Realizar diagnóstico situacional da rede de atenção às PVHA no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo. A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a julho de 2022, por meio do envio por e-mail de link para preenchimento de questionário pelos coordenadores estaduais de HIV/AIDS dos 26 estados e do Distrito Federal. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados no Microsoft Excel®, e posteriormente foram realizadas as análises estatísticas. Resultados: Vinte e quatro coordenadores retornaram o questionário. A rede de atenção às PVHA era composta de 330 Serviços de Atenção Especializada (SAE), 646 Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento, 1.105 Unidades Dispensadoras de Medicamentos (UDM), 135 Serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), 123 laboratórios que realizam exames de CD4/CD8, e 112, de carga viral. Quanto à expansão dos SAE, cerca de 80% relataram dificuldades, principalmente pelo desinteresse da gestão e pela falta de financiamento. Com relação à expansão das UDM, 75% relataram dificuldade na ampliação da oferta da TARV em razão da falta de infraestrutura para armazenamento dos medicamentos. Sobre a expansão do matriciamento do cuidado da PVHA para APS, as dificuldades estavam relacionadas à falta de pactuação e ao desinteresse dos profissionais. Conclusão: Para atingir as metas pactuadas se faz necessário aumentar o financiamento das políticas públicas voltadas às PVHA, a sensibilização das gestões, bem como a reestruturação da rede, com vistas a ampliação e implementação em vazios assistenciais.
Avaliação do sistema de vigilância epidemiológica da sífilis em gestante no estado de Goiás no período de 2018 a 2020
Authors: Franco Cláudia de Gouveia , Santos Kelli Coelho dos
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A notificação de sífilis é obrigatória e integra a base de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) como um importante instrumento de vigilância e controle desse agravo. Objetivo: Avaliar atributos qualitativos e quantitativos do sistema de vigilância epidemiológica da sífilis em gestante no estado de Goiás no período de 2018 a 2020. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo, baseado em dados secundários do sistema de vigilância da sífilis, pautado nas diretrizes publicadas pelo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, dos Estados Unidos. Resultados: Nos últimos anos, tem-se observado um aumento constante no número de casos de sífilis em gestantes, sífilis congênita e sífilis adquirida. Os resultados obtidos nos mostram que a maioria dos casos ocorreu em mulheres na faixa etária dos 20 aos 34 anos, raça/cor parda, escolaridade ensino médio completo e no primeiro trimestre gestacional. O sistema foi oportuno nas análises quanto a oportunidade de notificação, digitação e encerramento dos casos de sífilis em gestantes no estado de Goiás. Porém, há necessidade de melhorar a completitude de algumas informações de fundamental importância. Conclusão: A partir do conhecimento da estrutura do Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Sífilis em gestantes, nota-se que ele é um sistema de boa aplicabilidade e aceitabilidade pelos profissionais perante os objetivos para o qual foi criado. Recomenda-se a realização de aperfeiçoamento para os profissionais de vigilância epidemiológica dos 246 municípios, para oportunidade de coleta e de encerramento dos casos pelo critério laboratorial no prazo máximo de 60 dias.
Business Travel and Bleisure Tourism A Study on The Travel Motivations of Academics
Authors: Çulfacı Gözde , Onursoy Furkan Mustafa , Akın Mehmet Halit
Published: May 2024

In this study, the aim is to evaluate the tendencies and travel motivations of academics, who are one of the profiles of bleisure tourists in the sample of universities in Kayseri, towards bleisure tourism. The study also aims to provide suggestions that industry representatives can benefit from in product design and marketing activities, and to present knowledge that is expected to have a widespread impact on relevant body of knowledge. In line with the purpose of the research, data were collected through semi-structured interviews using the purposive sampling method, including 24 academics, within the framework of maximum diversity sampling in qualitative research methods. As a result of the analyses, it was found that the majority of participants, although not previously familiar with the concept, showed a positive inclination towards bleisure travel within their professional lives and frequently experienced such travels. Additionally, among the motivation factors for participants regarding bleisure travel, cultural exploration, personal planning, and participation in activities, as well as factors such as discovering local flavors, visiting architectural and cultural elements, and benefiting from the facilities of the hotel, were observed.
Combined effect of burrowing mangrove crabs and tides on carbon fluxes
Authors: Klaassen Moritz , Moosdorf Nils , Zimmer Martin
Published: May 2024

Sesarmid crabs act as mangrove ecosystem engineers due to their burrowing behavior in the sediment. The burial of leaves inside the sediment suggests a positive relationship between crab activity and carbon storage in mangrove forests. However, crab burrows increase the sediment-air interface and, thus, might amplify CO2 fluxes from the sediment. Additionally, the tidal export of carbon from burrows acting as preferential flow paths may offset the enhancing effect of crab burrows on carbon storage. In this study, we investigated the interactive effect of burrowing crabs and tidal flows on mangrove carbon storage in a laboratory experiment. Significantly higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the porewater were found in microtidal compared to mesotidal treatments, while the total amount of outflowing DOC was similar across tidal treatments. No significant effect of burrowing crabs on the DOC content of the porewater was found. Significantly lower CO2 fluxes into the atmosphere were found in treatments with crabs present which is contrary to previous studies. We suggest that lower CO2 flux values were a result of collapsed burrows that preserved the particulate organic carbon (POC) in deeper sediment layers. Previous studies, showing enhanced CO2 fluxes from crab burrows, have been carried out in the field and did not take the potential of burrow collapse into account. We stress the importance of considering temporal variability in crab burrow stability and spatial variability in tidal dynamics when evaluating their interactive effect on carbon fluxes in mangrove forests.
The Influence of Agricultural Learnership Programme on Graduates’ Job Prospects
Authors: Olumuyiwa Omotosho Ademola , Thulisile Ndashe Pinky Flavia
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study aims to scrutinise the effectiveness of the agricultural learnership programme at Owen Sitole College of Agriculture, focusing on the perspectives of its graduates. By exploring their experiences, the study seeks to uncover the strengths and weaknesses of learnership training. The primary goal is to assess graduates’ satisfaction with the program, its impact on their employability, the practical skills acquired, and its relevance to their current employment.
Study design/methodology/approach: 42 participants were recruited for the study, and their demographic characteristics, including gender and age distribution, were analysed. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study aimed to gather comprehensive insights into participants’ experiences and perceptions of the agricultural learnership program.
Findings: The findings revealed that 82.1% of the participants reported satisfaction with the agricultural learnership program at Owen Sitole College of Agriculture, highlighting its effectiveness in addressing the skill development needs of unemployed youth. However, only 56.1% of the graduates secured employment upon completion, indicating potential improvement in job placement outcomes. While most graduates gained practical experience in business skills, livestock management, and routine agricultural practices, some participants expressed the need for a stronger emphasis on acquiring professional and experiential skills. Based on the study’s outcomes, it is recommended that the program undergo tailored adjustments to better align with the specific needs of recipients, ensuring a more impactful and relevant agricultural skills development learnership training at Owen Sitole College.
Originality/value: The insightful recommendations offered in this study have the potential to guide policymakers in making informed decisions, leading to improved outcomes for the targeted population involved in the learnership development. Additionally, the study contributes valuable information to the existing body of literature and can serve as a foundation for future agricultural research endeavours.
Deviant Behaviour and Students’ Academic Activities in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oladipo Ileola Elizabeth , Udoh-Emokhare Christine Ekojoka , Oladipo Temidayo David
Published: May 2024

Education remains one of the tools for the transformation of individuals and society. It is a powerful instrument of social change, which also plays a crucial role in nation-building. The rate of involvement of in-school adolescents in deviant behaviour is however of great concern to stakeholders.  Indiscipline in schools has reached an alarming rate; a situation which could be traced to the home, society and the attitude of students towards schooling. The result is poor academic performance of many in-school adolescents. This study becomes necessary in the light of anti-social deviant behaviours among in-school adolescents in Nigeria. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of deviant behaviour on academic activities and identify the strategies for managing deviant behaviour among in-school adolescents using Oyo State, Nigeria, as a case study. The findings show that there was a significant relationship between deviant behaviours and students’ academic activities. There was also a common consensus of high incidences of physical, verbal, and academic related deviant behaviours. Results of the study revealed three factors- parent, society and school- that contribute to deviant behaviour.  To address the effect of deviant behaviour affecting the educational system in Nigeria therefore, the study identified administrative advancement, parental influence/control as well as counselling as measures that government, parent and other stakeholders can adopt to improve educational outcomes.
Does Copyright Imitation Impact Purchase Behaviour in the Entertainment Industry: A PLS-SEM Analysis of Gen Z’s Brand Recognition in Africa?
Authors: Abdulsalam Tajudeen Alaburo , Tajudeen Rofiat Bolanle
Published: May 2024

The entertainment industry has experienced remarkable growth, driven by technological advancements and changing consumer preferences, with revenue soaring to $31.23 billion in 2023 and anticipated growth at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.64% through 2027. However, the industry’s significant sustainability issue is the widespread practice of copyright imitation, with Africa’s accommodated 2.5 billion unauthorised image imitations daily representing 1.48% global imitation index, causing substantial damages, notably affecting Gen Z with estimated losses of €532.5 billion, with Egypt experiencing the highest incidence of cases in Africa. This research delves into how copyright infringement impacts brand recognition, as a construct of purchase behaviour, among Gen Z in the African entertainment industry. By relying on post-positivism paradigm and planned behaviour theory, the research used questionnaire and collected 352 responses (92% sample rate) from tech-savvy Gen Z respondents, derived using Borden sampling model. The PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling) model reveals that copyright infringement substantially affects brand recognition, explaining 64.7% of the variance in consumer behaviour. Specifically, imitated corporate names, product ideas, and promotional tactics impact brand recognition by 11.1%, 9%, and 6.2% respectively, which refutes the initial assumption. Research recommendations include implementing stricter management protocols within the industry, fostering deeper community engagement, and differentiating products by using unique, high-quality materials. The study acknowledges potential biases in data collection due to unequal online access among Gen Z music enthusiasts in Africa, by possibly not fully reflecting the broader diversity of Gen Z behaviour across the continent in the world, considering the varying cultural, economic, and social dynamics that influence purchasing behaviours.
Combating Corruption in Nigeria: A Case Study of Public Prosecution under Buhari’s Administration (2015-2023)
Authors: Okechukwu Esther Kalu , Aderinto Amidu Opeyemi , Lawal Sultan Babatunde
Published: May 2024

The menace of corruption in Nigeria has lingered on for years, the conscious awareness towards this malady has gained prominence over the years, to the extent that the main opposition party, All Progressive Congress (APC), ascended to power in the 2015 General Elections, emerging victorious at the polls with anti-corruption campaign, echoed by the change mantra. This study dissected the much-anticipated fight against corruption in the eight years of Muhammadu Buhari’s APC led administration; it unravels that the principle
The menace of corruption in Nigeria has lingered on for years, the conscious awareness towards this malady has gained prominence over the years, to the extent that the main opposition party, All Progressive Congress (APC), ascended to power in the 2015 General Elections, emerging victorious at the polls with anti-corruption campaign, echoed by the change mantra. This study dissected the much-anticipated fight against corruption in the eight years of Muhammadu Buhari’s APC led administration; it unravels that the principle of rotation of power with its patron-client network and identity politics are enablers of corruption in Nigeria. Similarly, it is posited that plea bargain constitutes a huge hindrance to the successful eradication of corruption in Nigeria, just as the poor reward system for career public office holders constitutes a challenge to the fight against corruption in Nigeria. The study concluded that the Buhari administration’s fight against corruption, although had Nigerians filled with hopes from inception, could not achieve much in the end with the anti-corruption Caesar (Ibrahim Magu) removed in what appears as a power play. We recommend the establishment of institutional mechanisms to prevent corruption, review of reward system for public officers, creation of credit system to facilitate citizens’ immediate access to meeting their needs, prosecution of civil/public servants who are complicit in corrupt practices, and compensation of whistleblowers, among other measures.
Поражения внутренних органов при COVID-19 (обзор литературы и собственные данные)
Authors: Магрупов Б.А. , Убайдуллаева В.У. , Вервекина Т.А. , Исраилов Р.И. , Мамиров Б.Р. , Эшбаев Э.А. , Турсунов Х.З.
Published: May 2024

В органах вне дыхательной системы патологические изменения часто неспецифичны, и неясно, в какой степени эти изменения обусловлены прямой инфекцией или непрямыми/вторичными механизмами повреждения органов или их комбинацией. Текущие исследования с использованием вскрытий направлены на то, чтобы ответить на вопросы о механизмах заболевания, например, сосредоточив внимание на вызывающих беспокойство вариантах и будущих проблемах, таких как состояния после COVID. Вскрытие является бесценным инструментом в медицине, и национальные и международные междисциплинарные совместные исследовательские инициативы, основанные на вскрытии, имеют важное значение.
Проблема когнитивных нарушений у коморбидных пациентов с артериальной гипертензией
Authors: Захидова М.З.
Published: May 2024

Существенное увеличение среднего возраста пациента с кардиологическими заболеваниями неминуемо привело к повышению доли коморбидных пациентов на приеме врача, в том числе лиц, страдающих когнитивными нарушениями (КН), включая сосудистую деменцию и болезнь Альцгеймера. В статье освещаются вопросы ведения пациентов с КН у коморбидных пациентов с артериальной гипертензией (АГ), в частности рассматриваются основные аспекты коррекции факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска и выбора оптимальной лекарственной терапии. Приводятся сведения о возможности применения препарата Мексидол для лечения пациентов с хронической ишемией мозга (ХИМ) и КН. Анализируются результаты исследований, посвященных изучению возможности применения Мексидола при хронических расстройствах мозгового кровообращения с КН у коморбидных пациентов с АГ.
Оценка качества жизни после родственной трансплантации почки у реципиентов, исходно имевших урологические осложнения
Authors: Кариев С.С. , Носиров Ф.Р.
Published: May 2024

Цель. Оценить общее качество жизни реципиентов с урологическими осложнениями (УО), перенесших родственную трансплантацию почки (ТП). Материал и методы. Проведено анкетирование 78 реципиентов трансплантата почки, оперированных за последние три года в ГУ «РСНПМЦХ им. акад. В.Вахидова» (Ташкент, Узбекистан). Средний возраст респондентов составил 36,1±9,2 лет, из них 58 (74,4%) мужчин и 20 (25,6%) женщин. Данные были собраны с помощью вопросника WHOQOL-BREF. Средний общий балл этих пациентов составил 78,2, в том числе физический показатель – 82,6, психологический домен – 78,0, социальный домен – 81,6 и экологический домен – 73,5. Результаты. Трудности, с которыми реципиенты могли столкнуться после ТП, не имели значимого влияния по сравнению с тем, насколько они были благодарны за возможность продления жизни. Была отмечена положительная тенденция между временем, прошедшим после ТП, и показателем качества жизни, что можно объяснить различными факторами, такими как использование агрессивных иммунодепрессантов, страх осложнений, страх отторжения трансплантата и т.д. в первый год после операции. Демографические переменные, такие как доход, возраст, местоположение и т.д. не оказало существенного влияния на показатели качества жизни. Заключение. Показано отсутствие каких-либо факторов, значимо влияющих на оценку социального и экологического составляющих вопросника WHOQOL-BREF. Единственным фактором, влияющим на физическое и психологическое состояние реципиентов, выступал срок, прошедший после ТП, где отмечена тенденция к повышению качества жизни больных по мере увеличения времени после ТП.
Cannabis Use Disorder Associated With Increased Risk of Postoperative Complications After Hip or Knee Arthroplasties: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Ding Cheng , Xu Dongdong , Cheng Tao
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

With the legalization of marijuana in the United States, the number of patients with cannabis use disorder (CUD) in the joint arthroplasty population has increased markedly. The primary purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether there were differences in clinical and economic outcomes after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) between patients with and without perioperative CUD.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to July 2018 to identify all eligible studies investigating the association of CUD with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing TJA. Postoperative outcomes assessed consisted of complications, readmission, length of stay (LOS), implant revision, and cost of care. For dichotomous outcomes, pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model.

Results:

We identified 10 retrospective cohort studies with a total of 17,981,628 study participants. Patients with CUD had significantly higher odds of medical complications (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.07 to 1.66], P = 0.01) and implant-related complications (OR 1.75 [95% CI: 1.64 to 1.88], P < 0.00001) than noncannabis users. Specifically, CUD was associated with significantly increased odds of cardiac complications (OR 1.95 [95% CI 1.50 to 2.54], P < 0.00001), cerebrovascular accidents (OR 2.06 [95% CI 1.66 to 2.57], P < 0.00001), postoperative infections (OR 1.68 [95% CI 1.34 to 2.10], P < 0.00001), periprosthetic fracture (OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.19 to 1.70], P < 0.0001), mechanical loosening (OR 1.54 [95% CI 1.42 to 1.66], P < 0.00001), and dislocation/instability (OR 1.88 [95% CI 1.32 to 2.68], P = 0.0005). Longer LOS and higher cost of care were also found in patients with CUD.

Conclusion:

This study strengthens the body of evidence that patients with CUD face higher risk of postoperative complications and greater financial burden after knee and hip arthroplasties. Physicians should inform patients about adverse outcomes and undertake appropriate risk adjustments before elective orthopaedic surgery.

Level of evidence:

Level III
Reducing Carbon Footprint of Ships in Voyage Planning: A Case Study of Atlantic Passage
Authors: Turna İdris
Published: May 2024

Determining the most efficient ship routes is crucial for ensuring both safety and fuel savings during voyage planning. Great circle Navigation (GC) and weather routing (WR) are the two most common methods used by navigators for ocean crossings. GC Navigation is renowned for its potential to save time and fuel by following shorter routes over long distances; however, it may expose vessels to adverse weather conditions and sea states due to navigating at higher latitudes. On the other hand, weather routing integrates pilot charts and meteorological data to identify safer routes, albeit potentially longer, minimizing risks associated with rough weather. This study focuses on route planning for a handy-sized tanker contracting a westbound Atlantic ocean voyage within a specific timeframe. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of these two methods. The GC route components were computed using spherical trigonometry equations, while weather routing planning relied on pilot charts and meteorological data. Environmental conditions were simulated and tested in the Transas Full Mission Simulator (NTPRO 4000). The results reveal that the WR method provides 21.3% higher energy efficiency than GC. The insights derived from this research contribute significantly to enhancing the operational efficiency and safety standards of commercial vessels.
Histological Assessment of Cannabis Sativa on the Lungs of Neonatal Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Ujah Williams Oche , Akafa Tensaba Andes , Makanjula Victor , Ayara Charles , Agaba Eric Agim , Uduak Peter Ise , Auza Moses Ibrahim
Published: May 2024

Cannabis is used for treating a wide range of medical conditions. It is an extraction of plant with psychoactive properties. This study investigated the histological outcome of cannabis on the lungs of albino rats. The research used 25 rats weighing 50-100g and were divided into Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D. Group A was the control group; unexposed to any form of inhalation. Group B were exposed to the flame from 0.5g of cannabis burnt in a closed chamber for only 30 minutes. Group C were exposed to the flame from 0.5g of cannabis burnt in a closed chamber for 30 minutes in the morning and 30 minutes exposure after (6) six hours. Group D were exposed to the flame from 0.5g of cannabis burnt in a closed chamber for 30 minutes in the morning, 30 minutes by noon and 30 minutes by evening. In the end, the rats were sacrificed and the lungs were removed and fixed in 10% formal saline solution.The lungs were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results show no adverse effects on the lungs of group B and group C but showed effects on group D which was the high dose group. Therefore, cannabis can damage the human lungs.
QUATORIAL PLASMA BUBBLE (EPB): FEATURES, INDICATORS AND DETECTION METHODS FOR EPB, AND RECENT RESEARCH RESULTS
Authors:   King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160 Thailand, Jamjareegulgarn Punyawi
Published: May 2024

This review article is a collection of research works, academic articles, and numerous academic knowledge related to equatorial plasma bubble (EPB). As per the beginning of this writing, the author was inspired by the truth that Thailand's location is close to the geomagnetic Equator with the low plasma density. Hence, Thailand has very high susceptible to occur the ionospheric anomaly during the post-sunset (e.g., EPB) and equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). These anomalous phenomena affect directly on high-frequency communications and global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Therefore, the EPB details (e.g., EPB features, some indicators and detection methods for EPBs, recent research results, as well as conclusion and future developing trend) are the crucial content for space weather research that can support students and researchers to study and enhance in several GNSS-based applications.
STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARTICLEBOARD FROMDURIAN PEEL USING A COMPRESSION MOLDING PROCESS
Authors:   Department of Industrial Art, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi 22000 Thailand, Namwong Juthathip , Cheychom Kemchart ,   Department of Industrial Art, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi 22000 Thailand, Lertcumfu Narumon ,   Department of Gems and Jewelry Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi 22000 Thailand, Panyata Surapong ,   Department of Gems and Jewelry Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi 22000 Thailand
Published: May 2024

This research is the process study of producing particleboard from durian peel using the compression molding process. These studies are the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard from durian peel. The results found that the flexural test and the tensile test of furniture material sheets from durian peels at a ratio of durian pulp to glue water were 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8, 1:1, and 1:1.5, respectively. A specimen with dimensions of width 50 x length 200 x thickness 10 millimeters was tested with a machine. The universal testing machine of six samples in each ratio. It shows that the mechanical strength values increased when the ratio of water mixed with glue increased. The durian pulp has a better adhesion. This results are in a higher density as the ratio increases and at the ratio of 1:1.5, it has the highest strength and an average flexural strength of 5.74 MPa but it has not yet passed the criteria set by TISI 876-2004 with a flexural strength of not less than 14 MPa for plywood sheets with a thickness exceeding 6.0-13.0 millimeters. It has an average tensile strength value perpendicular to the surface of 0.49 MPa, which passes the criteria set by TISI standard, with the tensile strength value perpendicular to the surface not less MPa. than 0.40 for plywood with a thickness of more than 6.0-13.0 millimeters. For the testing of the burning rate of particleboard made from durian peels, it was found that the burning rate decreased when the ratio of water mixed with glue increased due to the increasing density of the workpiece at a ratio of 1:1.5 and it can stop the combustion by itself.
PENYULUHAN PENERAPAN PENGERING PORTABLE BUAH PINANG BERBASIS PANEL SURYA DI PEUNARON LAMA, ACEH TIMUR, INDONESIA
Authors: Harmawan Tisna , A. Mustaqin Wendy , Andi Fadly Teuku
Published: May 2024

Biji pinang (Areca catechu L.) merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan masyarakat di Desa Peunaron Lama, Kecamatan Peunaron, Kabupaten Aceh Timur, Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia. Satu kegiatan pelatihan kepada satu kelompok tani lokal untuk pengenalan fungsi dan penggunaan pengering biji pinang berbasis panel surya telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2022. Program pelatihan yang dilaksanakan merupakan bagian dari pengabdian masyarakat untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pengeringan biji pinang. Hal ini ditujukan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat lokal yang pendapatannya tergantung pada produksi biji kering pinang. Masyarakat lokal yang turut serta dalam pelatihan sangat tertarik dan belajar dengan antusias saat proses pelatihan, dan, bahkan, sudah memikirkan bagaimana memodifikasi alat yang disumbangkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan spesifik yang diperlukan. Dengan berhasilnya program pelatihan ini, evaluasi-evaluasi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pengering berbasis panel surya, utamanya dikaitkan dengan kualitas dari biji pinang kering yang dihasilkan.
MENGEMBANGKAN POTENSI PARIWISATA DAN UMKM KECAMATAN SEMIMI KECAMATAN KENDUNG SURABAYA
Authors: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Semeru , Istanti Enny
Published: May 2024

Pengembangan kawasan wisata dapat menjadi alternatif yang diharapkan mampu mendorong baik potensi ekonomi maupun upaya pelestarian. Selain pengembangan potensi pariwisata, keberadaan UMKM juga tidak dapat dihapuskan ataupun dihindarkan dari masyarakat saat ini, karena keberadaannya sangat bermanfaat dalam pendistribusian pendapatan masyarakat dan mampu menciptakan kreatifitas yang sejalan dengan usaha untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan unsur- unsur tradisi dan kebudayaan masyrakat setempat. Melalui Kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata yang kelompok kami lakukan, diharapkan dapat membantu mengembangkan potensi pariwisata dan UMKM Kampung Wisata Semanggi.