bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pointed Lattice Subreducts of Varieties of Residuated Lattices
Authors: Přenosil Adam
Published: May 2024

We study the pointed lattice subreducts of varieties of residuated lattices (RLs) and commutative residuated lattices (CRLs), i.e. lattice subreducts expanded by the constant $$\textsf{1}$$
1
denoting the multiplicative unit. Given any positive universal class of pointed lattices $$\textsf{K}$$
K
satisfying a certain equation, we describe the pointed lattice subreducts of semi-$$\textsf{K}$$
K
and of pre-$$\textsf{K}$$
K
RLs and CRLs. The quasivariety of semi-prime-pointed lattices generated by pointed lattices with a join prime constant $$\textsf{1}$$
1
plays an important role here. In particular, the pointed lattice reducts of integral (semiconic) RLs and CRLs are precisely the integral (semiconic) semi-prime-pointed lattices. We also describe the pointed lattice subreducts of integral cancellative CRLs, proving in particular that every lattice is a subreduct of some integral cancellative CRL. This resolves an open problem about cancellative CRLs.
Probiotic Bacteria Survival and Shelf Life of High Fibre Plant Snack - Model Study
Authors: Kruk Marcin , Lalowski Piotr , Hoffmann Monika , Trząskowska Monika , Jaworska Danuta
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to develop plant-based model snacks that are high in fibre, contain probiotic bacteria and are convenient for long-term storage. The research focused on selecting a suitable form of probiotic bacteria (active biomass, microencapsulated, freeze-dried), inoculation method (in the base mass or in the filling of a snack) and appropriate storage conditions (4°Cor 20 °C). The potential synbiotic properties were evaluated. The microencapsulated bacteria had the highest survival rate at 4 °C, while the freeze-dried bacteria showed better survival rates at 20 °C. Probiotics had a higher survival rate when enclosed inside snacks with a low water activity (aw = 0.27) peanut butter filling than in snacks without filling (aw = 0.53). Enclosing the probiotics in a low aw filling ensures their survival at ambient temperature for 5 months at a count higher than 6 log CFU/g. The snacks exhibited high antioxidant capacity (average 300 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g), polyphenol content (average 357 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g) and high fibre content (average 10.2 g/100 g). The sensory analysis showed a high overall quality of the snacks (average 7.1/10 of the conventional units). Furthermore, after six months of storage, significant changes were observed in the antioxidant properties, polyphenol content and texture of the snacks, while their sensory quality remained unchanged. Moreover, a potential synbiotic effect was observed. The method used to assess bacterial growth indicated significantly higher values in the model snacks compared to a control sample. Therefore, this study has effectively addressed the gap in knowledge regarding the survival of probiotics in snacks of this nature.
A novel target item-based similarity function in privacy-preserving collaborative filtering
Authors: Yalcin Emre , Bilge Alper
Published: May 2024

Memory-based collaborative filtering schemes are among the most effective recommendation technologies in terms of prediction quality, despite commonly facing issues related to accuracy, scalability, and privacy. A prominent approach suggests an intuitively reasonable modification to the similarity function, which has been proven to provide more accurate recommendations than those generated by state-of-the-art memory-based collaborative filtering methods. However, this scheme exacerbates the scalability problem due to additional computational costs and fails to protect individual privacy. In this study, we recommend using a preprocessing method to eliminate relatively dissimilar items from the prediction estimation process, thereby enhancing the scalability of the proposed approach. We explore how to provide recommendations based on the previously proposed similarity function while preserving privacy and propose privacy-preserving schemes to accomplish this task. Additionally, we apply our preprocessing approach to our proposed privacy-preserving schemes to improve both scalability and accuracy. After analyzing our schemes with respect to privacy and additional costs, we conduct experiments with real data to examine the impact of our schemes on scalability and accuracy. The empirical outcomes indicate that our preprocessing scheme significantly alleviates scalability issues in both conventional and privacy-preserving environments and enhances accuracy within privacy-preserving frameworks.
Recovering the Memories of the Capdella Cardboard Hospital Through Community Archaeology
Authors: Pastor Pérez Ana , Remacha Acebrón Sígrid
Published: May 2024

This study reveals the early results of diverse community archaeology activities taking place in a contemporary archaeological site, a cardboard hospital built in 1912 in the Vall Fosca (Catalan Pyrenees). This isolated valley, formerly used to breed cattle, had three hydroelectric power facilities erected in the twentieth century. In 2019, the Torre Capdella Town Council and the National Museum of Science and Technology of Catalonia initiated a project involving local communities. The main scope of this work is to comprehend the materiality of the working class and to provide new narratives about the people who built them and subsequently occupied part of the valley.
High-Voltage Pulsed Electric Fields and pH Shift Process for Protein and Solute Release from Gracilaria sp., Red Edible Seaweed
Authors: Kashyap Mrinal , Ghosh Supratim , Levkov Klimentiy , Livney Yoav D. , Israel Álvaro , Golberg Alexander
Published: May 2024

This study proposes a process based on the application of high-voltage pulsed electric field (PEF) in combination with pH shift for protein and solute release from fresh edible seaweed from Gracilaria sp.. The PEF was administered using a custom-made generator within and electroporation cell with sliding electrodes. The applied PEF parameters comprised 1000 V applied voltage, 50 µs pulse duration, 200 pulses delivered at 3 Hz frequency, and an inter-electrode gap ranging from 3.9 to 4.4 mm. The pH shift extraction was performed through a combination of fractions extracted sequentially at pH-shift steps spanning the pH range of 1 to 12. Both PEF and pH played pivotal roles in the fractionation of Gracilaria sp., enhancing protein release compared to water extraction, PEF pre-treatment, or pH shift alone. The combination of PEF and sequential pH washes (pH 1 to 12) resulted in a total solute release of 9.61 ± 0.04% and protein release of 28.02 ± 0.2% with essential amino acid (EAA) content of 63.6 ± 5.3%, and branched amino acids (BCAA) content of 3.47 ± 0.06%. It is noteworthy that PEF significantly increased the EAA and BCAA content of the protein extracts, irrespective of pH shifts. These findings underscore the promising potential of PEF pre-treatment in extracting proteins from edible seaweeds.
Rethinking Health Recommender Systems for Active Aging: An Autonomy-Based Ethical Analysis
Authors: Tiribelli Simona , Calvaresi Davide
Published: May 2024

Health Recommender Systems are promising Articial-Intelligence-based tools endowing healthy lifestyles and therapy adherence in healthcare and medicine. Among the most supported areas, it is worth mentioning active aging. However, current HRS supporting AA raise ethical challenges that still need to be properly formalized and explored. This study proposes to rethink HRS for AA through an autonomy-based ethical analysis. In particular, a brief overview of the HRS’ technical aspects allows us to shed light on the ethical risks and challenges they might raise on individuals’ well-being as they age. Moreover, the study proposes a categorization, understanding, and possible preventive/mitigation actions for the elicited risks and challenges through rethinking the AI ethics core principle of autonomy. Finally, elaborating on autonomy-related ethical theories, the paper proposes an autonomy-based ethical framework and how it can foster the development of autonomy-enabling HRS for AA.
Waste Work in the Global South: Exploring Activity Theory as a Framework for Understanding Distributed Roles of Intermediaries in Cape Town’s Urban Waste Economy
Authors: Goeiman Johnathan , Rink Bradley
Published: May 2024

Waste work in cities of the Global South is arranged with myriad actors, both formal and informal, who individually and collectively, and to varying capacities, play a distinctive yet interconnected role in the urban waste economy. These roles are interrelated and involve the management, movement and monetisation of recyclable waste. However, given the complexity of infrastructure(s), technology as well as urban socio-spatial stratification within contexts of the Global South, conventional frameworks that seek to explain waste work have limited capacity in delineating the varying role(s) of actors within a community of practice and how these roles are continuously changing through mutual interconnections and adaptation. This article explores Activity Theory as a framework for understanding how the role(s) of actors are continuously negotiated through mediating factors such as (i) technology/infrastructure; (ii) rules and regulations; (iii) community of actors and (iv) the division of labour. This article draws on an ethnographic case of intermediary waste workers within Cape Town’s urban waste economy, and rather than focussing on the role of individual actor(s) as (an) isolated element(s), this article embeds their individual roles in relation to a composite network of actors. The results of this article demonstrate how the role(s) of actors doing waste work are non-linear and are continuously mediated through their relations with technology, infrastructure and their interconnections with other actors. Moreover, this article provides holistic insight into new forms of knowledge production through waste work in the Global South, collaboration among myriad actors and the development of common consciousness toward the transformation and valorisation of waste.
Becoming Wanghong: How Foreigners Achieve Internet Celebrity in China
Authors: Sullivan Jonathan , Wang Weixiang
Published: May 2024

The burgeoning internet celebrity industry in China has encouraged the emergence of foreign wanghong (洋网红) as active content producers on the Chinese internet. Achieving online fame and constructing a resonant personal brand while staying within Chinese state’s permissible boundaries is a challenge for all internet influencers in China. Foreign wanghong, for their part, also have to deal with Chinese publics’ ambivalence and fluctuating perspectives on engaging foreign culture, expectations around “being foreign” and cultural nationalism fed by the currents of geopolitics. This study focuses on the performance and personas of foreign wanghong and investigates how these creators navigate the complexities of the Chinese internet to achieve substantial followings. Going beyond treating foreign participants in Chinese digital media spaces as co-opted instruments of propaganda, we take seriously foreign creators’ articulations, constructions and self-presentations of foreignness and acculturation in their efforts to earn social, cultural and economic capital in the competitive Chinese internet celebrity sphere. A mixed-method content analytical study of several hundred Douyin videos generated by 33 foreign wanghong reveals the adoption of calculated self-presentation and cross-cultural communication skills alongside a constant negotiation of an individual’s own foreignness and local constructs of the “typical foreigner”.
Framing the fourth sector – dystopia or future contours?
Authors: Ferreira Marisa R. , Braga Vítor , Sánchez-Hernández María Isabel , Gomes Joana
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, society faces complex social, economic, and environmental problems which the traditional sectors of activity (public, private and third sector) are not able to solve alone. To respond to these challenges, their missions and strategies have been converging, leading to a phenomenon known as the blurring of boundaries between sectors. Together, they give rise to a new and promising sector in society: the fourth sector. The literature on this new sector is still scarce, even though its impact is already being felt all over the world. The concept of the fourth sector is in itself broad and clearly lacking defined borders. In addition, there are three currents in the literature that use this term with different meanings.

This paper aims to contribute to the theoretical knowledge on the fourth sector by clarifying its definition and framing its activity. A qualitative methodology was carried out by using the papers featuring the topic “fourth sector”, indexed to the Web of Science, to generate a textual corpus that led to a similarity analysis. Subsequently, written interviews were conducted with seven academic specialists on the fourth sector topic, selected through the snowball sampling method, to complete the data obtained through the literature review. These data were added to the initial textual corpus, and a new similarity analysis was generated. It is concluded that the fourth sector as a spectrum of hybrid organizations is currently the most accepted approach, and the existence of an activity that combines a business framework with a social purpose seems to be its main characteristic. So, the main implication is related with significant opportunities that have yet to be fully explored, considering the extensive rise of the fourth sector.
A novel nomogram and survival analysis for different lymph node status in breast cancer based on the SEER database
Authors: Teng Lizhi , Du Juntong , Yan Shuai , Xu Peng , Liu Jiangnan , Zhao Xinyang , Tao Weiyang
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The axillary lymph node status (ALNS) and internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLN) expression associated with breast cancer are closely linked to prognosis. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict survival at 3, 5, and 10 years in patients with various lymph node statuses.

Methods

We obtained data from patients with breast cancer between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER database). Chi-square analysis was performed to test for differences in the pathological characteristics of the groups, and Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to plot and compare the correlation between overall survival (OS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS). The log-rank test was used for the univariate analysis, and statistically significant characteristics were included in the multivariate and Cox regression analyses. Finally, Independent factor identification was included in constructing the nomogram using R studio 4.2.0; area under curve (AUC) values were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves were plotted for evaluation.

Results

A total of 279,078 patients were enrolled and analysed, demonstrating that the isolated tumour cells (ITC) group had clinicopathological characteristics similar to those of micrometastases (Mic). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify each subgroup's independent risk factors and construct a nomogram. The AUC values were 74.7 (95% CI 73.6–75.8), 72.8 (95% CI 71.9–73.8), and 71.2 (95% CI 70.2–72.2) for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS, respectively, and 82.2 (95% CI 80.9–83.6), 80.1 (95% CI 79.0–81.2), and 75.5 (95% CI 74.3–76.8) for BCSS in overall breast cancer cases, respectively. AUC values for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS in the ITC group were 64.8 (95% CI 56.5–73.2), 67.7 (95% CI 62.0–73.4), and 65.4 (95% CI 60.0–70.7), respectively. For those in the Mic group, AUC values for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS were 72.9 (95% CI 70.7–75.1), 72.4 (95% CI 70.6–74.1), and 71.3 (95% CI 69.6–73.1), respectively, and AUC values for BCSS were 77.8 (95% CI 74.9–80.7), 75.7 (95% CI 73.5–77.9), and 70.3 (95% CI 68.0–72.6), respectively. In the IMLN group, AUC values for 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS were 75.2 (95% CI 71.7–78.7), 73.4 (95% CI 70.0–76.8), and 74.0 (95% CI 69.6–78.5), respectively, and AUC values for BCSS were 76.6 (95% CI 73.0–80.3), 74.1 (95% CI 70.5–77.7), and 74.7 (95% CI 69.8–79.5), respectively. The ROC, calibration, and DCA curves verified that the nomogram had better predictability and benefits.

Conclusion

This study is the first to investigate the predictive value of different axillary lymph node statuses and internal mammary lymph node metastases in breast cancer, providing clinicians with additional aid in treatment decisions.
Africa Alive Corridors: Transdisciplinary Research based on African Footprints
Authors: Linol B. , Doucouré M. , Anderson J. , Toteu F. , Miller W. , Vale P. , Hoffman P. , Kerley G. I. H. , Auerbach R. , Thiart C. , Meghraoui M. , Dhliwayo N. , Master J. , Genin F. , Dembaremba T. , van Heerden B. , Unite J. , May A. , Mathias P. , Minguzzi M. , de Wit T.
Published: May 2024

The idea of Africa Alive Corridors (AAC) evolved from Gondwana geological mapping to a comprehensive, more inclusive and dynamic approach to transdisciplinary research known as Earth Stewardship Science. Twenty designated corridors explore the geo-biological and cultural heritage of different regions of Africa over various periods, from deep time to the Anthropocene. Each corridor reveals a specific lens through which to investigate some of the rich scientific narratives embedded within it. The concept also facilitates learning and knowledge exchange across numerous disciplines: archeology, geology, geophysics, oceanography, glaciology, biology, botany, ecology, agriculture, engineering, spatial statistics, social sciences, and the humanities. This contribution analyses ten selected corridors in southern and western Africa, the Congo Basin, East Africa, and Madagascar. The various research themes explored include Earth impact hazard, origins of humankind, Snowball Earth, coastal food systems and conservation, the biogeography of lemurs, human settlement dynamics in Cameroon, tectonically linked earthquake occurrences in Algeria and Morocco, modelling land-use changes in the Western Rift Valley, trades and civilizations of the Mali Empire, Mbira music, and contemporary art. The ongoing work on these—and ten other—corridors has considerable potential to host new international collaborations to develop the links between society and natural sciences in Africa. Ultimately, AAC will benefit all stakeholders, especially the youth, in understanding and responding to societal needs and current global challenges.
Iridescent harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae) from the Eocene of Messel, Germany
Authors: Bartel Christian , Dunlop Jason A. , Wedmann Sonja
Published: May 2024

The first fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the Messel Pit in Hesse, Germany, are described as ?Leiobunum messelense sp. nov. and ?Leiobunum schaali sp. nov. This is the first formal description of fossil harvestmen from the Eocene (ca. 47 Ma) of Messel, and one of the few non-amber records of harvestmen in the Cenozoic. Remarkably, these new specimens show iridescent, metallic colouration. This was previously unknown in the arachnid fossil record, but is seen often in insect fossils from Messel. The new harvestmen exhibit the typical ‘daddy long legs’ morphotype, with small, rounded bodies and long, slender legs. In detail, most of the dorsal opisthosomal tergites appear to be fused together into a single large scute, or scutum parvum, which strongly suggests the modern family Sclerosomatidae, especially in combination with a pectinate pedipalp claw. The iridescent colouration further implies that these fossils can be referred to either the subfamilies Gagrellinae or Leiobuninae, some of which also have a characteristic metallic lustre. Iridescence of the body is more typical for tropical sclerosomatids and is not known from extant European sclerosomatids, with the exception of a single, probably invasive, Leiobunum species. The warmer temperatures during the Eocene might have allowed exchange of early iridescent sclerosomatids between Eurasia and North America, which led to their wide present day distribution and diversity. A few not very well preserved harvestman fossils from Messel are recorded and/or figured for completeness as Leiobuninae / Gagrellinae indet. and Opiliones indet.
Circulating micrornas as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yue , Zhu Longbiao , Zhu Chenjing , Chen Yan , Yu Hui , Zhu Hangju , Yin Ping , Liu Mengyu , Li Yang , Li Huixin , Gong Zhen , Hanzi Xu  , Han Jing
Published: May 2024

Background

Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignancy of the female reproductive system. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precursor lesion for CC. Various studies have examined circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential early diagnostic markers for CC and CIN. However, the findings have been inconclusive. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and identify potential sources of variability among these studies. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant literature. Then, Stata 14.0 was utilized to calculate summary estimates for diagnostic parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC). To scrutinize the heterogeneity, the Cochran-Q test and I2 statistic were utilized. As significant heterogeneity was observed, the random effects model was chosen. To explore potential sources of the heterogeneity, subgroup and regression analyses were conducted. Results: We analysed 12 articles reporting on 24 studies involving 1817 patients and 1731 healthy controls. The pooled sensitivity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.73–0.81), the specificity was 0.81 (95% CI 0.73–0.86), the PLR was 3.99 (95% CI 2.81–5.65), the NLR was 0.28 (95% CI 0.23–0.35), the DOR was 14.18 (95% CI 8.47–23.73), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81–0.87). Subgroup analysis revealed that multiple miRNAs can improve diagnostic performance; the pooled sensitivity of multiple miRNAs was 0.78 (95% CI 0.68–0.86), the specificity was 0.85 (95% CI 0.78–0.90), and the AUC was 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.91). Conclusion: This study suggested that circulating microRNAs may be biomarkers for early CC diagnosis.
Investigation of the Effect of Laser Cutting Parameters on Surface and Kerf Quality of Thick Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Sheets
Authors: Alsaadawy Muhammad , Dewidar Montasser , Said A. , Maher Ibrahem , Shehabeldeen Taher A.
Published: May 2024

Titanium alloys, especially Ti–6Al–4 V alloy, are significant materials because of their superior mechanical and chemical properties. They are used in most high-strength and elevated temperature applications, such as aircraft, ships, biomedicine, and marine applications. Recently, laser machines were used to cut a variety of sheet metals. It is critical to comprehend how laser cutting parameters influence surface and kerf quality. In this work, a 4 mm-thick Ti–6Al–4 V sheet was cut. Laser beam power, cutting velocity, and assist gas pressure were used as cutting parameters, while surface roughness, kerf width, taper angle, and dross height were measured to determine which parameter has the greatest influence on the cutting quality. It was found that laser power of 3 kW, cutting velocity of 2000 mm/min, and assist gas pressure of 8 bar were the optimized parameters to achieve the minimum surface roughness value of 2.34 ± 0.12 µm and the minimum dross value of 0.270 mm due to the high velocity. The minimum value of kerf width was found to be 0.774 ± 0.016 mm at upper surface and 0.408 ± 0.039 mm at lower surface of cut at cutting conditions of Pu = 2.5 kW, V = 1500 mm/min, and assist gas pressure of 10 bar. The minimum value of kerf taper was found to be 1.89 ± 0.61° at cutting conditions of Pu = 2 kW, V = 1500 mm/min, and assist gas pressure of 8 bar.
Postoperative elevated bed header position versus supine in the management of chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Serag Ibrahim , Abdelhady Mariam , Awad Abdelaziz A. , Wageeh Ahmed , Shaboub Ahmed , Elhalag Rowan H. , Aljabali Ahmed , Abouzid Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Background

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a prevalent type of intracranial hemorrhage. Surgical interventions, such as Twist Drill Craniostomy and Burr Hole Craniostomy, are employed for its treatment. However, limited information exists regarding the impact of postoperative head position (supine vs. elevated) on clinical outcomes. We aim to assess whether patients’ head position after surgery influences their prognosis.

Method

We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Our search encompassed PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify relevant published studies. Data were meticulously extracted, pooled using a fixed model, and reported as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical analysis was performed using R and Stata MP v.17.

Results

Five studies involving 284 patients were included in our meta-analysis. We focused on three primary clinical outcomes, comparing the supine and elevated header positions. Notably, there was no statistically significant difference between the supine and elevated positions in terms of recurrence rate (RR 0.77, 95% CI [0.44, 1.37]), second intervention for recurrence (RR 1.07, 95% CI [0.42, 2.78]) and postoperative complications (RR 1.16, 95% CI [0.70, 1.92]).

Conclusion

Current studies have proved no difference between supine and elevated bed header positions regarding recurrence rate, second intervention for recurrence, and postoperative complications. Future RCTs with long-term follow-ups are recommended.
Chebyshev polynomial-based Fourier transformation and its use in low pass filter of gravity data
Authors: Al Marashly Omar , Dobróka Mihály
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce the novel Chebyshev Polynomials Least-Squares Fourier Transformation (C-LSQ-FT) and its robust variant with the Iteratively Reweighted Least-Squares technique (C-IRLS-FT). These innovative techniques for Fourier transformation are predicated on the concept of inversion, and the C-LSQ-FT method establishes an overdetermined inverse problem within the realm of Fourier transformation. However, given the LSQ approach’s vulnerability to data outliers, we note the potential for considerable errors and potentially unrepresentative model estimations. To circumvent these shortcomings, we incorporate Steiner’s Most Frequent Value method into our framework, thereby providing a more reliable alternative. The fusion of the Iteratively Reweighted Least-Squares (IRLS) algorithm with Cauchy-Steiner weights enhances the robustness of our Fourier transformation process, culminating in the C-IRLS-FT method. We use Chebyshev polynomials as the basis functions in both methods, leading to the approximation of continuous Fourier spectra through a finite series of Chebyshev polynomials and their corresponding coefficients. The coefficients were obtained by solving an overdetermined non-linear inverse problem. We validated the performance of both the traditional Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and the newly developed C-IRLS-FT through numerical tests on synthetic datasets. The results distinctly exhibited the reduced sensitivity of the C-IRLS-FT method to outliers and dispersed noise, in comparison with the traditional DFT. We leveraged the newly proposed (C-IRLS-FT) technique in the application of low-pass filtering in the context of gravity data. The results corroborate the technique’s robustness and adaptability, making it a promising method for future applications in geophysical data processing.
A dimension-aware gaining-sharing knowledge algorithm for distributed hybrid flowshop scheduling with resource-dependent processing time
Authors: Li Rong-hao , Li Jun-qing , Li Jia-ke , Ouyang Wei , Mei Li-jie
Published: May 2024

The resource-assisted processing operation involves the coupling of multi-dimensional sub-problem, which poses a challenge in scheduling system. In this study, a dimension-aware gain-sharing knowledge algorithm (DGSK) is presented to address the distributed hybrid flowshop scheduling problem with resource-dependent processing times (DHFSP-RDPT), where the makespan is to be minimized. Firstly, by analyzing the mathematical model of the DHFSP-RDPT, four problem-specific lemmas and two novel resource reallocation rules are proposed. The DGSK begin with a high-performance initial population, which is generated by three knowledge-driven heuristics in hybrid way. Next, a discrete evolution-based search mechanism assists the DGSK to extend the search in solution space. Furthermore, a dimension-aware two-stage local search combined with meta-Lamarckian learning method is embedded to enhance the local search ability for the multidimensional problems. Finally, the proposed algorithm is measured on a series of instances based on real production data. The results demonstrate that the DGSK improves the performance by in solving DHFSP-RDPT compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Mechanical properties and energy evolutions of burst-prone coal samples with holes and fillings
Authors: Fu Yukai , Wu Yongzheng , Li Junchen , Zhou Penghe , Sun Zhuoyue , He Jie
Published: May 2024

During the mining process of impact-prone coal seams, drilling pressure relief can reduce the impact propensity of the coal seam, but it also reduces the integrity and strength of the coal mass at the side of the roadway. Therefore, studying the mechanical properties and energy evolution rules of coal samples containing holes and filled structures has certain practical significance for achieving coordinated control of coal mine rockburst disasters and the stability of roadway surrounding rocks. To achieve this aim, seven types of burst-prone coal samples were prepared and subject to uniaxial compression experiments with the aid of a TAW-3000 electro-hydraulic servo testing machine. Besides, the stress–strain curves, acoustic emission signals, DIC strain fields and other data were collected during the experiments. Furthermore, the failure modes and energy evolutions of samples with varying drilled hole sizes and filling materials were analyzed. The results show that the indexes related to burst propensity of the drilled coal samples decline to some extent compared with those of the intact one, and the decline is positively corelated to the diameter of the drilled hole. After hole filling, the strain concentration degree around the drilled hole is lowered to a certain degree, and polyurethane filling has a more remarkable effect than cement filling. Meanwhile, hole filling can enhance the strength and deformation resistance of coal. Hole drilling can accelerate the release of accumulated elastic strain energy, turning the acoustic emission events from low-frequency and high-energy ones to high-frequency and low-energy ones, whereas hole filling can reduce the intensity of energy release. The experimental results and theoretical derivation demonstrate that hole filling promotes coal deformability and strength mainly by weakening stress concentration surrounding the drilled holes. Moreover, the fillings can achieve a better filling effect if their elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio are closer to those of the coal body.
Alternative skew Laplace scale mixtures for modeling data exhibiting high-peaked and heavy-tailed traits
Authors: Otto A. F. , Bekker A. , Ferreira J. T. , Arslan O.
Published: May 2024

The search and construction of appropriate and flexible models for describing and modelling empirical data sets incongruent with normality retains a sustained interest. This paper focuses on proposing flexible skew Laplace scale mixture distributions to model these types of data sets. Each member of the collection of distributions is obtained by dividing the scale parameter of a conditional skew Laplace distribution by a purposefully chosen mixing random variable. Highly-peaked, heavy-tailed skew models with relevance and impact in different fields are obtained and investigated, and elegant sampling schemes to simulate from this collection of developed models are proposed. Finite mixtures consisting of the members of the skew Laplace scale mixture models are illustrated, further extending the flexibility of the distributions by being able to account for multimodality. The maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters for all the members of the developed models are described via a developed EM algorithm. Real-data examples highlight select models’ performance and emphasize their viability compared to other commonly considered candidates, and various goodness-of-fit measures are used to endorse the performance of the proposed models as reasonable and viable candidates for the practitioner. Finally, an outline is discussed for future work in the multivariate realm for these models.
The ethics of using artificial intelligence in scientific research: new guidance needed for a new tool
Authors: Resnik David B. , Hosseini Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Using artificial intelligence (AI) in research offers many important benefits for science and society but also creates novel and complex ethical issues. While these ethical issues do not necessitate changing established ethical norms of science, they require the scientific community to develop new guidance for the appropriate use of AI. In this article, we briefly introduce AI and explain how it can be used in research, examine some of the ethical issues raised when using it, and offer nine recommendations for responsible use, including: (1) Researchers are responsible for identifying, describing, reducing, and controlling AI-related biases and random errors; (2) Researchers should disclose, describe, and explain their use of AI in research, including its limitations, in language that can be understood by non-experts; (3) Researchers should engage with impacted communities, populations, and other stakeholders concerning the use of AI in research to obtain their advice and assistance and address their interests and concerns, such as issues related to bias; (4) Researchers who use synthetic data should (a) indicate which parts of the data are synthetic; (b) clearly label the synthetic data; (c) describe how the data were generated; and (d) explain how and why the data were used; (5) AI systems should not be named as authors, inventors, or copyright holders but their contributions to research should be disclosed and described; (6) Education and mentoring in responsible conduct of research should include discussion of ethical use of AI.
Spatial Gating with Hybrid Receptive Field for Robot Visual Localization
Authors: Zhou Shuhong , Wu Junjun , Lu Qinghua
Published: May 2024

Visual localization for mobile robots is a sophisticated and challenging task that necessitates the extraction of pertinent scene information from images obtained by the robot’s visual sensors to ascertain its position within an environment. The task is complicated by variations in environmental factors which affect the accuracy of localization. To address the challenges of visual localization on variations of illumination, seasons, and viewpoints, this paper proposes a visual localization network based on a gated selection and hybrid receptive field. We utilize a fine-tuned DINOv2 for local feature extraction and leverage a hybrid receptive field to enhance the diversity of visual features. Furthermore, our approach employs spatial gating to dynamically and effectively select and aggregate the advantageous spatial features. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the visual localization performance of our approach surpasses existing methods on multiple challenging datasets, particularly achieving a Recall@1 metric of 69.2% on the NordLand dataset, which signifies a 10.8% enhancement compared to MixVPR.
Improving the Efficacy of Continuous Monitoring of Patients with Parkinson's Disease Through the Use of an Intelligent Computing Architecture Within the Medical Internet of Things
Authors: Ariana Reza , Majma Mohamad Reza , Jassbi Somayyeh Jafarali
Published: May 2024

Telemonitoring has grown in popularity these days, particularly to assist patients with serious illnesses such as Parkinson's disease (PD). This study relies on the Daphnet dataset, which was trained and utilized to track five patients' whereabouts for an extensive dataset. Fuzzy logic was used in conjunction with a linear and Mobius map as part of the fog computing freezing of gait (FoG) detection system to provide a multi-level output (MLFM-map) that takes advantage of various spatial resolutions in motion data processing. Two improved Salp Swarm Algorithms with Fuzzy Logic (Fuzzy-ISSA) and transient search optimization algorithm (TSO) have been employed for the methodical training of this tool at the level of fog computing. When compared to other machine learning techniques, this one trains the FOG detection system quite quickly. In order to maximize performance while lowering computational complexity and testing time, the model architecture and parameters have been carefully considered. On average, the suggested method detected over 90% of FoG occurrences with extremely low latency in the original (test) dataset, demonstrating good to exceptional classification performance. In addition, the algorithm demonstrated a specificity of over 90% when tested on the test set. Various algorithms are used to train this design.
Weak Signal Detection Application Based on Incommensurate Fractional-Order Duffing System
Authors: Mao Hong-Cun , Feng Yu-Ling , Wang Xiao-Qian , Yao Zhi-Hai
Published: May 2024

The Duffing Chaos System can detect weak signals that are obscured by Gaussian noise because it is sensitive to specific signal functions and can withstand noise. In this paper, we investigate the use of intermittent chaotic phenomena in fractional-order incommensurate Duffing chaotic systems for weak signal detection. This new intermittent chaotic state has not appeared in integer-order Duffing systems before, so this phenomenon reflects the superiority of fractional-order Duffing systems. We start by giving the incommensurate fractional-order Duffing system’s weak signal detection model. Then design a time series-based judgment method that successfully separates chaotic, intermittent chaotic, and limit cycle states. Finally, the intermittent chaotic of fractional-order detection system is used to determine the amplitude and frequency of the weak signals to calculate the detection performance. The results show that the weak signal can be detected at a maximum signal-to-noise ratio of

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13.26 dB for single-detection oscillator amplitude detection. When detecting the frequency, a single-detection oscillator can detect the frequency range of 1050 rad/s, proving that the fractional-order chaos detection system is better than the integer-order chaos detection system.
Model and algorithm for pharmaceutical distribution routing problem considering customer priority and carbon emissions
Authors: Li Jiawei , Peng Kunkun , Deng Xudong , Wang Jing , Liu Ao
Published: May 2024

Pharmaceutical distribution routing problem is a key problem for pharmaceutical enterprises, since efficient schedules can enhance resource utilization and reduce operating costs. Meanwhile, it is a complicated combinatorial optimization problem. Existing research mainly focused on delivery route lengths or distribution costs minimization, while seldom considered customer priority and carbon emissions simultaneously. However, considering the customer priority and carbon emissions simultaneously will not only help to enhance customer satisfaction, but also help to reduce the carbon emissions. In this article, we consider the customer priority and carbon emission minimization simultaneously in the pharmaceutical distribution routing problem, the corresponding problem is named pharmaceutical distribution routing problem considering customer priority and carbon emissions. A corresponding mathematical model is formulated, the objectives of which are minimizing fixed cost, refrigeration cost, fuel consumption cost, carbon emission cost, and penalty cost for violating time windows. Moreover, a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed to solve the problem. The framework of the proposed HGA is genetic algorithm (GA), where an effective local search based on variable neighborhood search (VNS) is specially designed and incorporated to improve the intensification abilities. In the proposed HGA, crossover with adaptive probability and mutation with adaptive probability are utilized to enhance the algorithm performance. Finally, the proposed HGA is compared with four optimization algorithms, and experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the HGA.
Anything you can do [I can do better]: Exploring women’s agency and gendered protection in state militaries
Authors: Harel Ayelet
Published: May 2024

Women who are currently serving in a variety of combat roles and combat support positions in many state militaries around the globe have had to struggle for their positions by proving their abilities, and such struggles are still ongoing. Based on interview materials with veterans, this article examines the ways in which the veterans interpret their roles as women in combat positions and how they understand agency. The article further traces how their presence in war could alter the gendered meaning of protection. While the military is a key institution of overt gendered power in the state, women combatants’ voices can create a crack in the masculine dominance that is taken for granted in state narratives; they can also create a wedge that allows in a reconsideration of gendered roles and power relations in the context of militaries, thereby offering more nuanced interpretations of protection and agency.
A review of underwater shock and fluid–structure interactions
Authors: Matos Helio , Galuska Mike , Javier Carlos , Kishore Shyamal , LeBlanc James , Shukla Arun
Published: May 2024

Underwater explosions are inherently complex and unique physical phenomena markedly distinct from those occurring above the surface. This distinctiveness is primarily attributed to the relatively incompressible nature of water, which fundamentally alters the propagation and impact of shock waves. The study of underwater explosions is paramount in applications such as underwater demolitions for construction and salvage operations. These applications require a comprehensive understanding in order to mitigate the disturbances’ impact on marine structures and ecosystems. Studying underwater explosions and their mitigation encompasses various disciplines, including fluid mechanics, materials science and structural engineering. The work reviewed in this study contributes significantly to enhancing safety measures in marine structures by providing critical insights into the behaviour of structures under extreme conditions. This includes understanding the behaviour of gas bubbles formed by explosions, the transmission of shock waves through different media and the resultant forces exerted on structures submerged in water. Consequently, this review is meant to aid in designing robust and resilient marine systems capable of withstanding severe loading conditions caused by underwater explosions by providing key engineering considerations. The continuous evolution of this research area is essential for advancing maritime technology, ensuring the safety of undersea operations and protecting marine environments from the adverse effects of extreme subaqueous loadings.
Being, Meaning, Mattering
Authors: Trisokkas Ioannis
Published: May 2024

Robert B. Pippin's new book, The Culmination: Heidegger, German Idealism, and the Fate of Philosophy (hereafter The Culmination), which discusses Heidegger's ‘confrontation’ with Kant, Hegel and the other German idealists, is, like all his books, an exemplarily researched, thoughtful and thought-provoking text. Pippin has the rare ability to painstakingly lead his readers to the core of a philosophical dispute without ever losing their interest. The Culmination will undoubtedly shape any future research on Heidegger's take on Kant and the German idealists.
Jimaodanus, a replacement name for the algal genus Heterocladus LoDuca, Kluessendorf, and Mikulic, 2003
Authors: Huang Pu
Published: May 2024

The fossil genus Heterocladus LoDuca, Kluessendorf, and Mikulic, 2003 was established based on specimens from the Silurian (Llandovery) of southeastern Wisconsin, USA (LoDuca et al., 2003). This genus is monotypic and contains only the type species Heterocladus waukeshaensis LoDuca, Kluessendorf, and Mikulic, 2003, regarded as a noncalcified dasycladalean alga (LoDuca et al., 2003). Heterocladus waukeshaensis shows a narrow, undivided main axis and two types of laterals. Hair-like, branched laterals are arranged in whorls at lower part of the main axis, whereas clavate, undivided laterals appear at the upper part (LoDuca et al., 2003). The generic name is derived from the Greek hetero and klados, meaning ‘different’ and ‘branches,’ respectively (LoDuca et al., 2003).
Organizational Form and Fragmentation in the Lethal Outcomes of Mexico’s Vigilante Mobilizations, 2012–2015
Authors: Trevizo Dolores
Published: May 2024

In 2013, people in Michoacán and Guerrero, especially from rural areas, armed themselves against criminal cartels. Although their movements emerged from comparable contexts, their leaders and organizational forms differed in ways that affected their tactics and targets, as well as the timing of de-escalation. Whereas Guerrero’s leaders understood their struggle as defensive, Michoacán’s leaders were businessmen who saw themselves engaged in an offensive campaign. This partly explains why fatalities were greater there than in Guerrero. I further demonstrate that movement fragmentation led to lethal violence, and their organizational forms also contributed to dynamics of escalation or de-escalation in ways not fully appreciated by scholars. Specifically, the organizational form of Michoacán’s patron-sponsored autodefensas made them more vulnerable to lethal violence than were Guerrero’s community-sponsored organizations.