bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ANCHOR BORROWER PROGRAMME ON THE OUTPUT OF RICE FARMERS IN BILLIRI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF GOMBE STATE
Authors: ONWUAROH A.S. , SABE A.T. , TATA L.A. , DANIEL D.Y.
Published: September 2024

This study assessed the impact of the Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP) on rice farmers' output in Billiri Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the difference-in-difference estimation model. Results showed that rice farming was dominated by male farmers with an average age of 47 years for participants and 48 years for non-participants. About 64.30% of participants received credit from ABP, 61.90% received seeds, and 53.57% received fertilizer. The difference-in-difference estimation had a p-value of 0.033, significant at 5%, indicating that ABP positively impacted rice farmers' output. Additionally, 64.71% of ABP participants cited consumer preference for foreign rice as a major challenge, while 61.63% of non-participants identified high fertilizer costs as a significant constraint. The study recommends enhancing public awareness about the benefits of consuming locally produced rice to boost support for local farmers. It also advises the Nigerian government to reassess fertilizer subsidies to help lower production costs for farmers.
SOIL PROPERTIES AND FERTILITY POTENTIALS FOR ARABLE CROP PRODUCTION IN THE DRYLANDS OF NORTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: GARBA Y.I. , YUSUF M.A. , KARKARNA M.Z. , MUSA D.M
Published: September 2024

This study examined soil fertility potentials for arable crop production in parts of Northern Guinea and Sudan savanna agroecological zones of Nigeria for optimal land use. Five physiographic units were identified in four (4) local government areas each of Kano and Kaduna states and named based on the landforms characteristics as low land plains (LLP), undulating plains with group hills (UPH), gently undulating sandy plains (GUSP), extensive sandy plains (ESP) and upland plains (UP). In each of the physiographic units, fifteen surface (0 – 15cm) and subsurface (15 - 30cm) soil samples were systematically collected and analyzed for soil physical and chemical parameters essential for arable crop production. Also, a representative soil profile was opened in each unit. The results showed that the soil pH values were within the optimal ranges required for arable crop production (5.5 – 7.0). Soil fertility parameters such as organic carbon, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, ECEC and exchangeable bases were low in the soils except available P. The results also revealed that the values of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in all the five soil units were below the critical limit for sodicity. However, better ways of fertility management such as addition of organic matter and post-harvest incorporation of plant residues into the soil is highly recommended.
PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF BROILER CHICKENS FED PEARL MILLET BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH SYNTHETIC METHIONINE
Authors: OLUSIYI J.A. , EBULE K.O.
Published: September 2024

The rising costs and inconsistent availability of conventional feed ingredients like maize in broiler chicken production have necessitated the exploration of alternative grains, such as pearl millet, which, when supplemented with synthetic methionine, could potentially enhance both performance and economic returns. This study which was conducted for a period of eight weeks assessed the effectiveness and economic viability of feeding broiler chickens diets containing pearl millet supplemented with synthetic methionine. Three hundred broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary groups for both the starter and finisher phases, with each group containing sixty birds. The experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications, each containing twenty birds. The diets for each group contained varying levels of DL methionine: 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%, denoted as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 respectively. Although most performance metrics such as weight gain and feed intake did not exhibit significant differences among the groups, mortality rates showed a slight decrease with higher methionine inclusion. Economic analysis indicated that T1 had better Total Feed Cost (FC), and FC (₦/kg gain). The study concluded that pearl millet-based diets with synthetic methionine reduced mortality and proved cost-effective, offering a viable alternative for broiler chicken production.
The specifics of the functioning of Ukrainian enterprises under martial law
Authors: Oksentiuk Roman
Published: September 2024

In the conditions of martial law, Ukrainian enterprises face numerous challenges that require prompt adaptation and effective management. This article explores the specifics of business operations in Ukraine during military operations, analyzing the main problems faced by businesses and the strategic approaches that allow them to remain competitive. The article highlights aspects such as adaptation to changes in the market environment, ensuring the safety of workers, maintaining supply chains, financial sustainability, and the use of new technologies. The main aim of the research is to identify the key success factors for Ukrainian enterprises in wartime conditions and to develop recommendations for their further development. Using methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, the authors conducted research based on data collected from different regions of Ukraine, including the areas that suffered the greatest destruction. The study found that the main success factors are flexible management decisions, innovative business approaches, and the active use of digital technologies. The article also examines the role of government support and international cooperation in ensuring the stability and development of Ukrainian enterprises. The findings of the research can be useful for business managers, policymakers, and researchers dealing with issues of business under crisis conditions. The study underscores the significant impact of military conflicts on the economy and the threats they pose to the existence of enterprises, which are the foundation of the country’s economic well-being. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the need to create effective risk management mechanisms and the development of recovery strategies for the post-conflict period. It also discusses examples of successful adaptation strategies that can serve as models for other enterprises in similar conditions. Thus, this research provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of Ukrainian business under martial law, emphasizing the importance of rapid adaptation and strategic planning for ensuring sustainability and development.
Empowering Indonesian Vocational Students with Artificial Intelligence Awareness: Challenges and Career Opportunities
Authors: Suyahman Suyahman , Prayitno Kintung , Pratama Genta , Biddinika Muhammad Kunta , Yudhana Anton
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative and influential technological advancements, significantly impacting sectors like healthcare, finance, and education in the rapidly evolving digital era. However, vocational high school students often have limited knowledge about AI, primarily due to the superficial coverage of AI in their curriculum and the lack of resources and trained educators. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an intervention designed to enhance AI awareness and understanding among vocational high school students. A comprehensive program was implemented, involving initial assessments, interactive face-to-face training sessions, and facilitated group discussions. Descriptive analysis using statistical methods was employed to compare pretest and posttest data, revealing significant improvements in students' knowledge and attitudes towards AI. For example, the average score for the question "I know what Artificial Intelligence is" increased from 1.77 to 2.93, while "I can name an example of an AI application" rose from 1.76 to 2.85. Additionally, students showed increased awareness of AI's impact on future careers and a greater interest in learning more about AI, with scores rising from 2.20 to 2.85 and 2.48 to 2.96, respectively. The intervention proved effective in significantly enhancing students' understanding and attitudes towards AI, highlighting the value of targeted educational programs. By addressing gaps in AI education and fostering a proactive learning environment, the approach equips students with the knowledge and skills necessary to thrive in an AI-driven job market. This comprehensive strategy not only prepares students for future career challenges but also empowers them to leverage AI technology for career advancement.
PENGARUH TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI, KEMAMPUAN PEMAKAI SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DAN PENGALAMAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN AKUNTANSI
Authors: Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh teknologi informasi, kemampuan pemakai sistem informasi akuntansi, dan pengalaman kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan bagian akuntansi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 41 karyawan bagian akuntansi pada perusahaan otomotif di Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini mengumpulkan data primer dengan kuesioner. Pemilihan sampel yang diuji dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teknologi informasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan bagian akuntansi, kemampuan pemakai sistem informasi akuntansi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan bagian  akuntansi, dan pengalaman kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan bagian akuntansi.
ANALISIS PENGUKURAN KINERJA DENGAN PENDEKATAN BALANCED SCORECARD PADA PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) TIRTA DHARMA KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Ertika Nadila Sari  , Halimatusyadiah
Published: September 2024

In the face of an increasingly complex business environment such as the current performance measurement methods are needed to assess the company's performance accurately and thoroughly. In this case the method to be used is the Balanced Scorecard. Intended use of the Balanced Scorecard method is to measure the performance of companies from four Perspektif, namely: financial perspective, customer perspective, growth/ learning, internal business perspective.
The objective of this research is to find out of financial performance of PDAM of Bengkulu City. Measuring the financial performance was used balanced scorecard. The author conducted measurements on PDAM Bengkulu using data years 2014-2017 to analyze the financial perspective, while for other perspectives using company data and calculation of a questionnaire distributed to employees and customers PDAM PDAM Bengkulu Bengkulu City.
The results of measurements that have been made known that the performance assessment PDAM Bengkulu city as a whole good enough for the perspective of growth / learning, and internal business perspective and results for the customer's perspective was quite satisfied for services offered PDAM Bengkulu, the assessment results financial perspective PDAM Bengkulu figures are still categorized low. The conclusion that can be drawn through the analysis that has been done is that the Balanced Scorecard is a good method for measuring the performance of the company, because the Balanced Scorecard raised important aspects are overlooked by traditional performance measurement.
Bound by Binders: Multicraft Organisation and Industrial Interdependence of Lime Production for Mortar in the Eastern Mediterranean during Late Antiquity
Authors: Murphy Elizabeth A. , Snyder J. Riley
Published: September 2024

In the late antique period (fourth-seventh centuries AD), lime was produced and consumed in great quantities for use in building, medicine, tanning, fulling, mortuary practices, and as an agricultural fertiliser. As a result, lime kilns (and associated slaking pits) are common features of late antique contexts – both in urban and rural environments and involving public institutions and private enterprise. In this paper we consider the archaeological remains of lime production and use in the eastern Mediterranean, a region in which dozens of lime production sites have been recorded. Focusing on the example of lime mortar production specifically, and following evidence for the associated chaîne opératoire, we demonstrate the versatility of the lime production process and how it frequently involved and even relied upon multiple industries.
Construindo Cenários para Investigação com alunos em posições socioeconômicas confortáveis
Authors: Alves Gouvea Monike , Félix Brião Gabriela
Published: September 2024

Diante do crescente número de pesquisas nacionais focadas na Educação Matemática Crítica desenvolvidas com estudantes de classes sociais desfavorecidas, surge a necessidade de investigar outros públicos. O objetivo deste texto é, portanto, compreender como estudantes do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola particular da cidade do Rio de Janeiro/RJ, em posições socioeconômicas confortáveis, leem e escrevem o mundo com a matemática, por meio de aulas alicerçadas em cenários para investigação desencadeados pela questão do racismo. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa e o método da pesquisa-ação, realizamos esta intervenção ao longo de cinco encontros de 100 minutos cada, durante as aulas de matemática. Iniciamos com um questionamento sobre justiça e injustiça social e a relação da matemática com essas questões. Coletamos dados por meio de gravações de áudio e registros escritos dos discentes. Observamos que a intervenção cativou os educandos e, consequentemente, conseguiu estabelecer um efetivo cenário para investigação, resultando, em alguma medida, na capacitação dos educandos para usar a matemática como uma lente de compreensão e análise de injustiças sociais, em particular o racismo. Esse processo refletiu um desenvolvimento significativo na maneira como os alunos leem o mundo com a matemática. Os resultados também sugerem um potencial para futuros avanços na escrita do mundo com a matemática. Consideramos que mais pesquisas devem ser feitas com estudantes em posições confortáveis, variando o ano escolar, a injustiça abordada, a duração e outros fatores, a fim de obter resultados diferenciados e ampliar o debate na área da Educação Matemática para justiça social.
Um estudo sobre a integração de recursos tecnológicos por um grupo de professores de Matemática
Authors: Rengel Débora , Dantas Sergio Carrazedo
Published: September 2024

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado, que tem por objetivo compreender se, e de que forma, recursos tecnológicos digitais são integrados nas práticas profissionais de professores de Matemática da Educação Básica, participantes da 19ª do curso de GeoGebra. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como base teórica o Modelo dos Campos Semânticos de Romulo Campos Lins (Lins, 1999; 2004; 2008; Angelo et al., 2012) e contou com a participação de professores de matemática, ex-cursistas da 19ª edição do curso GeoGebra. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores, que foram selecionados mediante contato e interação online, nas atividades propostas dentro do curso. A análise dos dados, mediante uma leitura plausível, apresenta a produção de significados para as enunciações dos professores entrevistados. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os professores envolvidos na pesquisa têm interesse em conhecer e trabalhar com tecnologias digitais e, por isso, buscam cursos de formação. Entretanto, a participação em um curso de formação não causou mudanças efetivas em suas práticas de sala de aula, conforme nossa interpretação dos dados da pesquisa. A falta de recursos e de apoio técnico, e a visão que os professores têm a respeito do uso de tecnologias digitais no ensino de Matemática, são fatores presentes na relação dos professores com o uso de tecnologias digitais em suas aulas.
Evidências do Positivismo no Ensino de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral no século XIX no Brasil
Authors: Silva Circe Mary Silva da
Published: September 2024

O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar a influência do filósofo francês Auguste Comte (1798-1857) no ensino da disciplina de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral nas instituições de ensino militares e de engenharia no século XIX no Brasil. Usando a metodologia bibliográfico-analítica, tomou-se como corpus documental livros de Comte, livros didáticos de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral, cadernos de ex-alunos do curso de engenharia da Escola Militar e Escola Politécnica, currículos, programas de Cálculo Diferencial do século XIX e questões de exames, os quais foram analisados segundo o modelo das estruturas semióticas desenvolvido por Richard (2004). Constatou-se que houve uma tênue apropriação das propostas de Comte no ensino de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral no Brasil.
Modelagem Matemática nas Práticas Pedagógicas de Professores de Matemática em um contexto de Sistema Estruturado de Ensino
Authors: Rodrigues Marcio Urel , JESUS BRITO ACELMO , Souza dos Santos Edivagner , Souza Gomes Lucinéia
Published: September 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar como a Modelagem Matemática tem sido abordada nas práticas pedagógicas de Professores que ensinam Matemática no contexto do Sistema Estruturado de Ensino (SEE) da rede estadual de Mato Grosso. Utilizamos uma abordagem qualitativa para descrever e interpretar as informações que foram constituídas por meio de um questionário online respondido por 36 professores de Matemática em serviço nas escolas estaduais nos anos de 2023 e 2024. Utilizamos a Análise de Conteúdo na perspectiva de Bardin (1977) e Rodrigues (2019), a qual nos proporcionou a constituição de cinco Unidades de Registro e uma Categoria de Análise -Aspectos dificultadores para a implementação da Modelagem Matemática nas práticas pedagógicas de professores, pela qual realizamos nossa interpretação. Os resultados indicam que as avaliações externas como foco de um SEE, o conhecimento dos professores sobre Modelagem Matemática, a postura dos alunos, a carga horária de Matemática no Ensino Médio e currículo prescrito -cumprir os conteúdos do material estruturado se constituem como sendo os cinco obstáculos que dificultam e até inviabilizam o ensino de Matemática por meio da Modelagem Matemática nas escolas da Educação Básica devido à imposição pelo cumprimento dos conteúdos curriculares contidos no SEE no estado de Mato Grosso.
Modulation of left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats by acetylcholinesterase and ACE inhibitors: physiological, biochemical, and proteomic studies
Authors: Hejnova Lucie , Drastichova Zdenka , Boroš Almos , Hrdlicka Jaroslav , Behuliak Michal , Neckar Jan , Zicha Josef , Novotny Jiri
Published: September 2024

Background

The consequences at the molecular level and the mechanisms involved in a possible cardioprotective effect of antihypertensive treatment are not yet fully understood. Here, the efficacy of pyridostigmine (PYR) and trandolapril (TRA) as antihypertensive and antihypertrophic agents was investigated and compared in hypertensive SHR and normotensive WKY rats. In parallel, we investigated the effects of these drugs on myocardial β-adrenergic and cholinergic signaling pathways and protein expression profiles.

Methods

Age-matched male SHR and WKY rats were chronically (8 weeks) treated with PYR or TRA in drinking water. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored telemetrically prior to tissue sampling for biochemical analysis. Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) and methylatropine HR response as a measure of vagal tone were evaluated in separate groups of animals.

Results

PYR slightly lowered BP and HR in SHR rats during the dark phase of the day, while TRA effectively reduced BP during the light and dark phases without affecting HR. PYR enhanced BRS and improved vagal tone. There were no significant alterations in myocardial β-adrenergic and cholinergic signaling, with the exception of decreased forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in SHR rats, which was restored by TRA. Proteomic analysis revealed numerous differences induced by both treatments. Notable were changes in TGFβ-related signaling pathways as well as proteins involved in modifying hemodynamic parameters and cardiac hypertrophy.

Conclusions

PYR is able to slightly decrease BP and HR in SHR rats but effectively increase BRS through vagal potentiation. The specific differences in protein expression profiles in rat myocardium induced by treatment with PYR and TRA reflect different mechanisms of action of these two agents at the molecular level.
Electrospun patches to deliver combination drug therapy for fungal infections
Authors: Dziemidowicz Karolina , Meszarik Mark , Piovesan Jacopo , Almatroudi Mazna A. , Williams Gareth R. , Murdan Sudaxshina
Published: September 2024

Fungal infections, though affecting healthcare globally, receive insufficient attention in clinical and academic settings. Invasive fungal infections, particularly caused by combat wounds, have been identified as a critical threat by the US Department of Defense. Monotherapy with traditional antifungals is often insufficient, and so combination therapies are explored to enhance treatment efficacy. However, systemic combination treatments can result in severe adverse effects, suggesting the need for localised delivery systems, such as drug-loaded electrospun patches, to administer antifungals directly to the infection site. This proof-of-concept study hypothesised that dual amorolfine and terbinafine therapy slowly releasing from electrospun patches would be an effective way of eradicating Candida albicans when the patch was applied directly to the fungal colony. The feasibility of creating electrospun materials loaded with amorolfine and terbinafine for combination antifungal therapy was investigated. Electrospinning was used to fabricate polycaprolactone (PCL) patches with varying drug loadings (2.5%, 5%, and 10% w/w) of amorolfine and terbinafine either individually or in combination. The incorporation of both drugs in the fibres was confirmed, with the drugs predominantly in an amorphous state. Results showed that combination therapy patches had a significantly greater and prolonged antifungal effect compared to monotherapy patches, with larger zones of inhibition and sustained efficacy over at least 7 days. This study therefore demonstrates that PCL-based electrospun patches containing amorolfine and terbinafine provide superior antifungal activity against C. albicans compared to monotherapy patches. This approach could lower required drug doses, reducing adverse effects, and enhance patient compliance due to prolonged drug release, leading to more effective antifungal therapy.
Late Holocene hydrologic variability and ecosystem structure from rock hyrax middens in Dhofar, Oman
Authors: Horisk Kaitlyn E. , Ivory Sarah J. , Freeman Katherine H. , Baczynski Allison A. , McCorriston Joy , Anderson Andrew , Anderson R. Scott , Al-Kathiri Ali
Published: September 2024

Over 1/3 of the Earth’s human population relies on dryland ecosystems for food and water resources. While these ecosystems are highly sensitive to changes in climate, we lack observational data as to how changes in hydrology influences plant communities. Paleoecological data for southern Arabia show woodland communities transitioned to more dry-adapted herbaceous plants, which suggests rainfall decreased across the Holocene. To assess relationships between hydrology and ecology, we employed leaf wax n-alkane distributions, δ13Cwax, and δDwax records from rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) middens in Dhofar, Oman. The biomarker properties allowed reconstruction of changes in C3/C4 vegetation and local moisture availability, in tandem with community changes represented by a published pollen record. To constrain interpretations, n-alkane analyses were conducted on herbarium specimens of leaves collected in Dhofar. For the modern specimens, xeric plants typically contained longer homologues than mesic plants. Across the fossil middens (4,038–109 cal yrs BP), the proportions of plant-wax homologues do not show major changes, and thus do not suggest a shift between xeric versus mesic plants. Similarly, δ13Cwax values indicate little or no change in the distributions of C3 and C4 vegetation. Limited δDwax data from the middens confirm overall drying occurred into the late Holocene, punctuated by a wetter pulse at ∼1.6 ka. Taken together, plant wax distributions and isotope data indicate changes in moisture availability across the late Holocene did not alter the structural composition of the plant communities and that the proportion of C3/C4 vegetation remained stable. We infer vegetation changes associated with late Holocene drying involved reshuffling of community composition and not major changes in vegetation structure. Additionally, this study demonstrates that leaf wax n-alkanes from rock hyrax middens provide a method to reconstruct changes in climate and vegetation in dryland ecosystems where other archives are scarce.
Impact of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis on the tumor microenvironment in papillary thyroid cancer: insights from single-cell analysis
Authors: Ma Hongzhe , Li Guoqi , Huo Diwei , Su Yangguang , Jin Qing , Lu Yangxu , Sun Yanyan , Zhang Denan , Chen Xiujie
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), an autoimmune disorder, on the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) microenvironment using a dataset of 140,456 cells from 11 patients. By comparing PTC cases with and without HT, we identify HT-specific cell populations (HASCs) and their role in creating a TSH-suppressive environment via mTE3, nTE0, and nTE2 thyroid cells. These cells facilitate intricate immune–stromal communication through the MIF–(CD74+CXCR4) axis, emphasizing immune regulation in the TSH context. In the realm of personalized medicine, our HASC-focused analysis within the TCGA-THCA dataset validates the utility of HASC profiling for guiding tailored therapies. Moreover, we introduce a novel, objective method to determine K-means clustering coefficients in copy number variation inference from bulk RNA-seq data, mitigating the arbitrariness in conventional coefficient selection. Collectively, our research presents a detailed single-cell atlas illustrating HT–PTC interactions, deepening our understanding of HT’s modulatory effects on PTC microenvironments. It contributes to our understanding of autoimmunity–carcinogenesis dynamics and charts a course for discovering new therapeutic targets in PTC, advancing cancer genomics and immunotherapy research.
Glycated CD59 is a potential biomarker for gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Wanying , Xu Chong , Lu Xiaofan , Cao Wei , Zuo Tengzi , Zhang Ying , Zou Huiling , Sun Yu
Published: September 2024

Objective

To explore the diagnostic value of glycated CD59 (gCD59) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

A total of 707 pregnant women who underwent the first visit in the obstetric outpatient clinic of the Affliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2022 to July 2023 were included, and were grouped according to the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups(IADPSG) diagnostic criteria, and finally 113 cases in the GDM group and 559 cases in the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group were included, and the concentration of gCD59 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The baseline data characteristics of the two groups were compared, the risk factors for GDM were explored by multivariate binary logistic analysis, and the diagnostic value of gCD59 in predicting GDM was explored by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

The level of gCD59 in the GDM group was significantly higher than that in the NGT group (1.49 SPU vs 0.87 SPU). Multivariate regression analysis showed that gCD59, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were independent risk factors for GDM.The area under the curve (AUC) of gCD59 for the diagnosis of GDM was 0.681 (95% CI: 0.583-0.717), with a sensitivity of 71.7% and a specificity of 58.3%. In combination with fasting glucose, gCD59 effectively diagnosed GDM with higher AUC of 0.871 (95% CI: 0.708-1.000).

Conclusion

gCD59 is an independent risk factor for GDM and a good biomarker for the diagnosis of GDM.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring by flexible laryngoscopy during thyroid radiofrequency ablation in the awake patient
Authors: Teliti Marsida , Occhini Antonio , Fonte Rodolfo , Croce Laura , Calì Benedetto , Ripepi Federica Antonella , Carbone Andrea , Rotondi Mario , Chytiris Spyridon
Published: September 2024

Objective

Although radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe and effective non-surgical treatment for benign thyroid nodules, injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), is a potential and feared complication. Intermittent voice checks have been proposed to monitor vocal cord (VC) function during RFA, but such assessment is highly subjective and effort-dependent.

Methods

We are here reporting the methodological use of flexible laryngoscopy (FL) for VC monitoring during bilateral thyroid RFA treatment. The patient, a 35-year-old woman, was referred to the Endocrinology Unit for subclinical hyperthyroidism due to bilateral autonomously functioning thyroid nodules.

Results

At the end of the treatment of the first nodule, the FL performed by an otorhinolaryngologist specialist allowed evaluating VC function and ruling out possible paralysis before proceeding with the contralateral RFA treatment. The patient was awake during the entire procedure and well tolerated the laryngoscopic examination. The TSH serum evaluations performed one month and 9 months after the procedure assessed an euthyroid state (TSH 3.2 mIU/L and 2.8 mIU/L, respectively).

Conclusion

During bilateral thyroid RFA the use of FL for VC monitoring treatment resulted in a safe, easy-to-perform, and effective strategy to minimize and anticipate RLN injury risk in the awake patient. The prevention of RLN damage is advisable in the case of single RFA treatment, while it should be strongly recommended when RFA is performed on bilateral nodules.
Gender-specific correlations between remnant cholesterol and severe abdominal aortic calcification in American adults
Authors: Yan Laisha , Hu Xiaoyan , Wu Shanshan , Zhao Shunying
Published: September 2024

Background

Remnant cholesterol (RC) predicts cardiovascular risk and is associated with a range of diseases, including asthma, hypertension, depression, periodontitis, and alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, its correlation with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has not been reported.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional approach, this study examined data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle. Multiple logistic regression, generalized summation models, and subgroup analyses were used in examining the correlation between RC and the prevalence of severe AAC.

Results

The mean age of participants in this study was 57.70 ± 11.73 years, with 142 individuals (9.67%) suffering from severe AAC. The median RC was 0.52 mmol/L (Q1-Q3, 0.36-0.75 mmol/L). Among female participants, a significant positive correlation was observed between RC and severe AAC (per natural log [RC] increment: 2.14; 95% CI, 1.07-4.27). Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis revealed a saturation effect at an RC level of 0.57 mmol/L. Conversely, in male participants, no significant correlation was found between RC and the prevalence of severe AAC (per natural log [RC] increment: 0.88; 95% CI, 0.43-1.78). Our findings suggest a significant interaction between gender and RC in relation to severe AAC (P for interaction = 0.0042).

Conclusions

Higher RC levels were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of severe AAC in women.
The critical elements of digital health in diabetes and cardiometabolic care
Authors: Shomali Mansur , Mora Pablo , Aleppo Grazia , Peeples Malinda , Kumbara Abhimanyu , MacLeod Janice , Iyer Anand
Published: September 2024

Digital innovations provide novel opportunities to individualize a person’s care to best match their lifestyle needs and circumstances and to support them as they live their daily lives with diabetes. These innovations also serve to provide actionable data and insights for the care team giving them a “Webb telescope-like” view into their individual self-management journey, allowing them to see what cannot be seen during infrequent and limited office visits, thereby facilitating collaboration and communication to optimize the care plan on a timely basis. Technology advances are enabling diabetes care to transition from episodic, synchronous, primarily in-person care to include synchronous virtual care options and to continuous, on-demand, data-informed, asynchronous digital care better matching the demands of living with a relentless 24/7 chronic condition. In this paper we will discuss the critical elements and considerations in designing and implementing successful diabetes digital health tools in clinical practice.
Power absorption and flow-field characteristics analysis for oscillating coaxial twin-buoy wave energy converter by using CFD
Authors: Zhou Xiaoguo , Cheng Zekai , Xia Haibo , Zhao Zixiang , Liu Shuxu
Published: September 2024

The energy conversion capacity of wave energy conversion devices highly depends on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the energy-harvesting structure. To investigate the effect of hydrodynamic performance on the power conversion characteristics, a twin-buoy wave energy converter (WEC) was investigated by using a three-dimensional numerical wave pool based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. Several factors are examined, including the elasticity coefficient of the anchor chain, the bottom configuration of the floating body, and the power take-off (PTO) damping coefficient. The heave displacement, heave velocity, and heave force of the converter are calculated under specific wave parameters, and the flow field cloud diagram during the heave motion is analyzed. The results indicate that a wave energy converter with a hemispherical floating body exhibits the best kinematic performance. The influence of the mechanical damping coefficient on the energy conversion performance of the device is studied. By appropriately reducing the mechanical damping coefficient, the energy capturing capability of the device can be increased to a certain extent. These findings can serve as a theoretical basis for the application of deep-water wave energy conversion in engineering and the optimization of future WEC designs.
Integration of smart charging of large-scale electric vehicles into generation and storage expansion planning: a case study in south china
Authors: You Lei , Jin Xiaoming , Liu Yun
Published: September 2024

This paper studies how to integrate the smart charging of large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) into the generation and storage expansion planning (GSEP), while analyzing the impact of smart charging on the GSEP of a real power system in south China. For this purpose, a random simulation-based method is first developed to provide the tractable formulations of the adjustable charging load and reserve provision from EVs. This method avoids the unrealistic assumption that EVs drive and charge every day, which often exists in prior relevant approaches. Based on the random simulation, this paper proposes a novel GSEP optimization model which incorporates the weekly adjustable charging load of EVs. In the proposed model, the total charging load of EVs can be co-optimized with the investment and operational decisions of various generation and storage units. This GSEP model is applied to a provincial power system in south China. The numerical results show that the implementation of smart charging can significantly alter the decisions of GSEP. As the participation rate of smart charging improves from 0% to 90%, there is an additional 1,800 MW installation in wind and solar power, while the need to build new batteries is noticeably reduced; also, depending on the level of EV uptake, the annualized total system cost decreases by 5.11%–7.57%, and the curtailment of wind and solar power is reduced by 10.34%–19.64%. Besides, numerical tests reveal that the traditional assumption that EVs drive and charge every day can mislead the evaluation of adjustable charging load and overestimate the daily charging power peak by averagely 24.72%.
Natural plant-derived polysaccharides targeting macrophage polarization: a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Wei Jingyang , Dai Yanpeng , Zhang Ni , Wang Zijian , Tian Xinchen , Yan Tinghao , Jin Xiaohan , Jiang Shulong
Published: September 2024

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cytokines induce the differentiation of macrophages into distinct types of TAMs, primarily characterized by two phenotypes: M1-polarized and M2-polarized. Cancer growth is suppressed by M1-polarized macrophages and promoted by M2-polarized macrophages. The regulation of macrophage M1 polarization has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharides are important bioactive substances found in numerous plants, manifesting a wide range of noteworthy biological actions, such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor effects, antioxidant capabilities, and antiviral functions. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest regarding the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties of polysaccharides derived from plants. The regulatory impact of polysaccharides on the immune system is mainly associated with the natural immune response, especially with the regulation of macrophages. This review provides a thorough analysis of the regulatory effects and mechanisms of plant polysaccharides on TAMs. Additionally, an analysis of potential opportunities for clinical translation of plant polysaccharides as immune adjuvants is presented. These insights have greatly advanced the research of plant polysaccharides for immunotherapy in tumor-related applications.
TGF-β and TNF-α interaction promotes the expression of MMP-9 through H3K36 dimethylation: implications in breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Kochumon Shihab , Al-Sayyar Amnah , Jacob Texy , Bahman Fatemah , Akhter Nadeem , Wilson Ajit , Sindhu Sardar , Hannun Yusuf A. , Ahmad Rasheed , Al-Mulla Fahd
Published: September 2024

Increased MMP-9 expression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the extracellular matrix remodeling to facilitate cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanism of MMP-9 upregulation in TME remains elusive. Since TGF-β and TNF-α levels are elevated in TME, we asked whether these two agents interacted to induce/augment MMP-9 expression. Using a well-established MDA-MB-231 breast cancer model, we found that the synergy between TGF-β and TNF-α led to MMP-9 upregulation at the transcriptional and translational levels, compared to treatments with each agent alone. Our in vitro findings are corroborated by co-expression of elevated MMP-9 with TGF-β and TNF-α in human breast cancer tissues. Mechanistically, we found that the MMP-9 upregulation driven by TGF-β/TNF-α cooperativity was attenuated by selective inhibition of the TGF-βRI/Smad3 pathway. Comparable outcomes were observed upon inhibition of TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and p38. As expected, the cells defective in Smad2/3 or p38-mediated signaling did not exhibit this synergistic induction of MMP-9. Importantly, the inhibition of histone methylation but not acetylation dampened the synergistic MMP-9 expression. Histone modification profiling further identified the H3K36me2 as an epigenetic regulatory mark of this synergy. Moreover, TGF-β/TNF-α co-stimulation led to increased levels of the transcriptionally permissive dimethylation mark at H3K36 in the MMP-9 promoter. Comparable outcomes were noted in cells deficient in NSD2 histone methyltransferase. In conclusion, our findings support a cooperativity model in which TGF-β could amplify the TNF-α-mediated MMP-9 production via chromatin remodeling and facilitate breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
Berberine alleviates ETEC-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress damage by optimizing intestinal microbial composition in a weaned piglet model
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhang Ziting , Du Min , Ji Xu , Liu Xiaodan , Zhao Chunfang , Pang Xunsheng , Jin Erhui , Wen Aiyou , Li Shenghe , Zhang Feng
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main diarrhea-causing pathogen in children and young animals and has become a global health concern. Berberine is a type of “medicine and food homology” and has a long history of use in China, particularly in treating gastrointestinal disorders and bacterial diarrhea.

Methods

In this study, we explored the effects of berberine on growth performance, intestinal inflammation, oxidative damage, and intestinal microbiota in a weaned piglet model of ETEC infection. Twenty-four piglets were randomly divided into four groups—a control group (fed a basal diet [BD] and infused with saline), a BD+ETEC group (fed a basal diet and infused with ETEC), a LB+ETEC group (fed a basal diet with 0.05% berberine and infused with ETEC infection), and a HB+ETEC group (fed a basal diet with 0.1% berberine and infused with ETEC).

Results

Berberine significantly improved the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P<0.05) of piglets, and effectively decreased the incidence of diarrhea among the animals (P<0.05). Additionally, berberine significantly downregulated the expression levels of the genes encoding TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, IKKα, and IKKβ in the small intestine of piglets (P<0.05). ETEC infection significantly upregulated the expression of genes coding for Nrf2, CAT, SOD1, GPX1, GST, NQO1, HO-1, GCLC, and GCLM in the small intestine of the animals (P<0.05). Berberine significantly upregulated 12 functional COG categories and 7 KEGG signaling pathways. A correlation analysis showed that berberine significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Gemmiger, Pediococcus, Levilactobacillus, Clostridium, Lactiplantibacillus, Weissella, Enterococcus, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus) and decreased that of pathogenic bacteria (Prevotella, Streptococcus, Parabacteroides, Flavonifractor, Alloprevotella) known to be closely related to intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in piglets. In conclusion, ETEC infection disrupted the intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets, upregulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways, and consequently leading to intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress-induced damage.

Discussion

Our data indicated that berberine can optimize intestinal microbiota balance and modulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways, thus helping to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage caused by ETEC infection in weaned piglets.
Educational priorities for primary care providers on systemic lupus erythematosus in the Caribbean
Authors: Lawrence Jannel , King Amanda , Ramessar Nina , Henry Danielle , Davis Stacy , Davis-King Keisha , McGhie Taniesha , Rolle Anishka , Manno Rebecca , Dowell Sharon
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is highly prevalent in the Caribbean, with limited access to specialist care. Primary care providers (PCPs) must play a key role in SLE management but lack specific knowledge on high-impact diagnostic and management strategies for the Caribbean SLE patient. The Caribbean Association for Rheumatology (CAR) supports PCPs with educational material tailored to the Caribbean but is limited by poor regional data on SLE educational needs. The aim of this project was to achieve consensus amongst CAR members on SLE educational priorities for PCPs based on individual experience.

Methods

The nominal group technique was used to achieve consensus. Participants were asked to generate, record, discuss and rank ideas, which were organized by emergent categories. Each participant assigned a score to their top ideas, generating a group-level score for each topic. A threshold of at least 70% agreement was set for consensus. Narrative comments from the discussion and ranking survey provided context for the consensus topics.

Results

13 providers (9 rheumatologists and 4 internists), mostly female (92%), mean age 42.4 (8.2) years, participated. There was consensus on 15 topics which emphasized early diagnosis, early rheumatology referral and reproductive health. Of the top-ranked topics, there was a trend towards a primary care focus amongst internists.

Conclusion

Priority topics for PCP education focused on early diagnosis, early referral and reproductive health in SLE. Non-rheumatologists prioritized primary care interventions reflecting a misalignment in the perception of the Caribbean PCP's role in SLE, reinforcing the need for a focused educational program.
Paediatric formulations—part of the repurposing concept?
Authors: Wang Siri , Giannuzzi Viviana
Published: September 2024

The lack of available appropriate paediatric formulations is a significant challenge for optimal treatment in children. The resulting manipulation of adult medicines implies risk of medication errors, inaccurate dosing, and unacceptable dosage forms resulting in non-compliance. This represents significant unmet needs for a large and vulnerable patient group. Currently, the repurposing discussions seems only to a limited degree to cover the aspects of paediatric off-label use of adult medicines, including reformulation strategies to cover unmet needs for suitable formulations in the youngest age groups. Similarly, limited focus seems to be put on incentives in this specific area of repurposing. This paper will discuss the role of reformulation for paediatric needs as part of the repurposing concept, and potential factors contributing to barriers to incentivise the development of new formulations for children.