bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Rapid Detection of Underwater Targets Based on Global Differential Model Compression
Authors: Li Weishan , Li Yilin , Li Ruixue , Shen Haozhe , Li Wenjun , Yue Keqiang
Published: August 2024

Large-scale deep learning models have produced significant results in underwater visual image target detection. However, deploying these models on underwater embedded devices poses a series of issues and challenges. Firstly, underwater devices have limited communication capabilities and carry relatively short supply of energy, resulting in constrained computing power for edge devices. Secondly, the large scale of deep neural networks creates a conflict in power demands with unmanned underwater equipment. Thirdly, insufficient underwater light and turbid water quality will lead to degradation problems in the images acquired by the device. In this paper, we build an offline system to complete the task of underwater scene target recognition. This paper introduces several innovations: 1) The new YOLO-TN model is developed by compressing the target recognition model based on YOLO-V5. The model use a model compression algorithm replace the YOLO-V5’s backbone network with a lightweight network, then perform parameter pruning on the model detection head, while reduce the size of the input image. The model uses a Teacher-guided Neural Architecture Search method based on YOLO-V5, named as YOLO-TN. 2)A method for constructing and processing real underwater environment data sets is designed. The datasets are all captured using underwater unmanned vehicles in real underwater environments, addressing issues present in existing underwater datasets, such as unbalanced target volume and single-image environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the YOLO-TN model significantly reduces the model size while maintaining the original recognition accuracy. Furthermore, it achieves 28.6 FPS on embedded devices, which is 12 times that of the original model.
Symptomatologic Profile and Associated Factors Observed in Patients with Dengue
Authors: Marcondes de Oliveira Camila , Tadeu Reina Rodrigues Fábio , Mesquita Serva Márcia , Mesquita Serva Fernanda , Aparecido Dias Jefferson , André Coube Menezes Mayra , Bispo Diaz Toledo Isabella , Baisi Chagas Eduardo Federighi , Lima Enzo Pereira de , Laurindo Lucas Fornari , Barbalho Sandra
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Dengue is an arbovirus caused by a virus. It is an endemic infectious and occurs in warmer climates. It is not uncommon for the disease to be asymptomatic. However, the severe form can also be triggered and require intensive care. In this sense, patients present a wide variety of symptoms, which can trigger comorbidities such as arthritis, hematologic diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, autoimmune diseases, and, mainly, diabetes and hypertension. Among the symptoms, the presence of fever, myalgia, headache, nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, petechiae, retroorbital pain, arthralgia, rashes, skin eruptions, cardiovascular symptoms, respiratory symptoms and, depending on the severity, the presence of hemorrhages may occur. Methods: 235 patients' anonymized records from a secondary hospital were analyzed. Ethics approval was obtained and no patients’ consent was needed. Statistical analysis used frequency distributions and Chi-square tests, with SPSS software. Results: Similar to other studies, our results show that dengue can lead to complications. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the distribution of the proportion of symptoms between patients with positive and negative serology. However, there was a significant association between age group and symptoms of fever and myalgia, with the occurrence of fever decreasing with increasing age and myalgia being more frequent in adults and less frequent in those <10 years old. Conclusions: Dengue can lead to complications, with fever becoming less common and muscle pain increasing as people age. Climate change could spread dengue to new areas. To address this, we need better vaccines and more effective mosquito control.
Burnout Amongst Crisis Hotline Responders: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in Canada During COVID-19
Authors: Lee-Cheong Stephen , Alaverdashvili Mariam , Jardine Mackenzie , Kolla Nathan , Maharaj Vidhi Shivani
Published: August 2024

Introduction: There is a significant gap in accessibility to mental health care in Canada, worsened by various factors including rurality. Therefore, an important resource is crisis hotlines. Responders are hypothesized to be affected by the occupational phenomenon of burnout, partly due to the inherent nature of the job and partly due to the widespread negative mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Difficulties for crisis hotlines is expected to continue due to the ongoing fallout from the pandemic and from increased awareness of the Canada Suicide Prevention Line after introduction of a new 3-digit (9-8-8) number. This manuscript aims to characterize the population of Canadian crisis hotline responders and investigate the variables that contributed to burnout during COVID-19.; Methods: An online questionnaire assessed sociodemographic information, shift related variables, burnout, and current support methods utilized by crisis hotline responders across Canada. A qualitative component was also included to reflect participants’ experiences; Results: The cross-sectional assessment was completed by 136 participants. During COVID-19 Canadian crisis hotline responders reported relatively high levels of burnout/stress on both the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and Professional Quality of Life Survey. Younger age emerged as the sole predictor of greater burnout amongst the variables we studied. The normal limitations of a cross-sectional survey apply. The COVID-19 pandemic may have affected the generalizability through several factors.; Conclusions: Findings suggest that Canadian crisis hotline responders, especially younger ones, require greater support to manage workplace burnout. Nevertheless, conducting comprehensive studies during times when there are no public health emergencies are warranted to understand the full scope of burnout in this population.; Recommendations: Based on our data, we offer 5 recommendations to mitigate the risk of burnout for responders and improve access to this important public health resource.
Tactical Approaches to Protection and Rescue in Traffic Accident-Induced Disasters
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir M.
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the complex challenges that arise when managing rescue operations in the aftermath of traffic accidents spanning various forms of transportation, including roads, railways, aviation, and waterways. Given the inherent complexity of traffic-related disasters, these events typically necessitate well-coordinated rescue strategies, involving the collaboration of multiple emergency services and the use of specialized equipment. The legal framework set forth by the Republic of Serbia plays a pivotal role in shaping the procedures and responsibilities within these rescue efforts, guiding the allocation of resources, enforcing safety protocols, and ensuring effective coordination between different agencies. Moreover, the incorporation of innovative technical solutions is critical in successfully extricating victims from perilous situations. This paper also underscores the vital importance of preventive measures, particularly in road traffic, which are mandated by national legislation. The establishment of specialized investigative bodies, such as the Traffic Accident Investigation Center, has greatly enhanced the systematic approach to preventing future incidents. By examining the various components of rescue operations, this research highlights the essential role of timely and efficient interventions in minimizing casualties and mitigating the broader impacts of traffic disasters.
Optimizing Productivity of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) through Integrated Nutrient Sources and Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Azospirillum spp.
Authors: Bernados Lowell , Espineli Joven , Anarna Julieta , Aggangan Nelly
Published: August 2024

Integrated nutrient management (INM) is an approach that optimizes the benefits derived from various nutrient sources and beneficial soil microorganisms in an integrated manner to increase crop productivity while maintaining soil fertility. An open-field experiment was conducted at Cabuyao, Laguna, Philippines to investigate the effects of combining chemical fertilizers, vermicompost, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillum spp.) on the growth, nutrient uptake and yield of tomato. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. The treatments were recommended rate of chemical fertilizer (RRC), combined 50% RRC and 4 t ha-1 vermicompost (INM 1), AMF inoculation with combined nutrient sources (INM 2), and dual inoculation with AMF and Azospirillum in synergy with combined nutrient sources (INM 3). Results revealed that the growth parameters were not significantly affected by the treatments, but the highest data were observed in the treatments under INM. AMF inoculation significantly increased phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium uptake of tomato while INM 3 recorded the highest nitrogen uptake. Treatments with vermicompost application recorded significantly higher uptake of copper. INM 1, INM 2, and INM 3 gave a significantly higher fruit yield than the RRC with an increase of 7.98%, 13.40%, and 13.65%, respectively. The percentage of mycorrhizal root colonization and number of rhizosphere spores were higher in mycorrhizal plants. Fruit yield and AMF root colonization are positively correlated with uptake of various nutrients. The results imply that these INM strategies can improve growth of tomato, increase fruit yield, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers applied, and potentially lead to economic, soil health and environmental benefits.
Resolving Contrast and Detail Trade-Offs in Image Processing with Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Molina-Pérez Daniel , Rojas-López Alam Gabriel
Published: August 2024

This article addresses the complex challenge of simultaneously enhancing contrast and detail in an image, where improving one property often compromises the other. This trade-off is tackled using a multi-objective optimization approach. Specifically, the proposal's model integrates the sigmoid transformation function and unsharp masking highboost filtering with the NSGA-II algorithm. Additionally, a posterior preference articulation is introduced to select three key solutions from the Pareto front: the maximum contrast solution, the maximum detail solution, and the knee point solution. The proposed technique is evaluated on a range of image types, including medical and natural scenes. The final solutions demonstrated significant superiority in terms of contrast and detail compared to the original images. The three selected solutions, although all are optimal, captured distinct characteristics within the images, offering different solutions according to field preferences. This highlights the method's effectiveness across different types and enhancement requirements and emphasizes the importance of the proposed preferences in different contexts.
PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPETENCE IN CHINESE MASTER STUDENTS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Khrypunova Alina , Vorobieva Yevheniia
Published: August 2024

This article develops a pedagogical technology for developing the environmental competence of Chinese masters in the field of information technology who are studying at Ukrainian universities.It has been established that the environmental competence of an engineer in the field of information technology is a key professional competence, which presupposes his ability to create environmentally oriented software products that support the development and operation of energy-saving technologies that ensure effective protection and reproduction of the environment.The criteria, indicators and levels of development of environmental competence of future engineers in the field of IT technologies have been clarified. Based on the analysis, it was proven that it is in the process of learning to use the developed pedagogical technology that the environmental competence of Chinese masters in the field of IT is formed. The feasibility of adapting the developed pedagogical technology to other engineering specialties obtained by Chinese students at Ukrainian universities has been determined.
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF LIBRARY AND ARCHIVE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Bachynska Nadiia , Tverytnykova Olena , Drozdova Tetiana , Demidova Yulia , Salata Halyna
Published: August 2024

The article examines the hierarchical structure of the educational system as a component of library and archive management. It has been determined that the control system is structurally divided into three general levels: collection of information and stabilization of parameters, coordination of local subsystems of the first level, optimization of the control system.A study of the system for monitoring the quality of educational services in specialty 029 “Information, library and archival work” was carried out. The adequacy of the quality monitoring method has been experimentally proven. The object of testing was the procedure for assessing the quality of the educational process. The statistical array for checking the adequacy was taken from the results of the final control of the subjects of study from the examination sheets for individual parameters of the educational process.
THE PROBLEM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR
Authors: Romanovska Olena , Krutko Hanna
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of psychological isolation and loneliness problem in the conditions of war on the example of internally displaced persons during the war.The research includes: an analysis of scientific literature was carried out and the essence of the concept of psychological isolation was determined; a survey of internally displaced persons was conducted using the D. Russell’s and M. Ferguson’s methodology and the level of their psychological isolation and loneliness was determined; basic tools are offered that to help internally displaced persons to cope with the feeling of loneliness on their own.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 17 по 23 августа 2024 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: August 2024

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 Omicron вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 17 по 23 августа 2024 г.
Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran IPS (Studi Literature Hasil Pembelajaran di SD/MI)
Authors: Sufia Rohana , Kusuma Pratama S.B. , Safitri Irvina
Published: August 2024

Perubahan menjadi suatu keharusan dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar, siswa dapat berperan secara aktif, serta turut terlibat secara langsung dalam prosesnya. Siswa tidak boleh hanya sebagai objek pembelajaran saja. Siswa dapat bertindak sebagai agen pembelajaran yang aktif, sedangkan guru berperan sebagai fasilitator dan mediator yang kreatif. Suasana kegiatan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dapat menjadikan suatu pembelajaran berhasil dalam mencapai tujuannya, sehingga berdampak pada hasil belajar. Penulisan artikel ini di latar belakangi oleh rendahnya aktifitas siswa dalam mengikuti pelajaran, karena guru selalu menggunakan cara mengajar yang monoton sehingga membuat siswa jenuh yang berakibat pada rendahnya hasil belajar siswa di SD/MI yang ditandai dengan hasil belajar peserta didik yang masih rendah atau belum mencapai KKM. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran menggunakan model PBL terhadap hasil belajar IPS di SD/MI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis melalui teknik kepustakaan atau library research yang obyek penelitiannya digali melalui berbagai informasi kepustakaan yang terdiri dari buku, jural ilmiah, tugas kahir berupa tesis, skripsi dan lainnya. Data primer yang digunakan sebayak 12, dan didukung oleh data sekunder yakni referensi pendukung dari data primer. Menurut hasil kajian literatur yang diperoleh, dan jika dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran yang tidak menerapkan model apapun, bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model PBL memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan adanya signifikan pada hasil belajar IPS siswa
Berpikir Berdasarkan Teori-Teori Filsafat (Analisis Pola Berpikir Mahasiswa UINSU Medan)
Authors: Tarigan Mardinal , Dwiky Nanda Muhammad Farhan , Humayrah Ulysa , Ritonga Novita
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis pola berpikir mahasiswa berdasarkan teori-teori filsafat. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara terstruktur, temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa cenderung menggunakan pola berpikir empirisme yakni menggunakan pengalaman indrawi dan observasi langsung dalam memperoleh pengetahuan, rasionalisme yakni mengandalkan logika dan akal budi dalam memahami konsep-konsep filosofis, dan utilitarianisme yakni mempertimbangkan konsekuensi dan manfaat sosial dalam pengambilan keputusan. Pola berpikir yang beragam ini memberikan wawasan tentang peran teori filsafat dalam pengembangan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan pemahaman mendalam terhadap konsep-konsep filosofis, serta tanggung jawab sosial dalam pengambilan keputusan mahasiswa.
 
This study analyzes students' thinking patterns based on philosophical theories. Through a qualitative approach with structured interviews, the research findings show that students tend to use empiricism thinking patterns, which mean using sensory experience and direct observation in obtaining knowledge, rationalism thinking patterns, which mean relying on logic and reason in understanding philosophical concepts, and utilitarianism thinking patterns, which mean considering social consequences and benefits. in decision making. These diverse patterns of thinking provide insight into the role of philosophical theory in developing critical thinking skills and deep understanding of philosophical concepts, as well as social responsibility in student decision making.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Fisika Integrasi Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an Materi Gelombang Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Siswa
Authors: Zahroh Fina Azkiyati , Majid Ahmad , Fatiatun Fatiatun
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengujiikevalidan, kepraktisan untuk menguji keefektifan modul pembelajaran fisika integrasi ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an materimgelombang mekanik. Penelitian ini menggunakannpenelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan model 4D yaitu define, design, develop, dan disseminate, dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara,observasi, angket dan dokumentasi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan angket analisis validitas modul, angket analisis kepraktisan dan angket analisis keefektifan yang menggunakannteknik analisis data berupa statistik deskriptif berupa analisis validitas produk, analisis kepraktisan produk dan uji T dan N-Gain untuk menguji keefektifan produk dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MA Salafiyah Simbangkulon dengan sampel sebanyak 25 anak kelas XI MIPA 2. Persentase hasil validasi modul sebesar 88% merupakan kategori yang sangat valid. Proporsi penilaian kepraktisan sebesar 87% yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat praktis. Hasil analisis uji-T pada kurva menunjukan bahwa T-hitung berada pada kisaran penolakan Ho, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak, sehingga penggunaan modul berpengaruh dalam kemampuan kognitif siswa yang meningkat. Berdasarkan uji N-Gain memiliki peringkat N-Gain sebesar 0,75 dalam kategori sangat Tinggi atau Sangat layak. Berdasarkan hasil validitas, kepraktisan dan keefektifan modul pembelajaran fisika integrasi ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an layak digunakan sebagai media dan sumber pembelajaran fisika.
Cascadas de tamizaje y atención de la diabetes tipo 2 en México
Authors: Basto-Abreu Ana , Reyes-Garcia Alan , Stern Dalia , Torres-Ibarra Leticia , Rojas-Martínez Rosalba , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A , Romero-Martínez Martin , Campos-Nonato Ismael , López-Ridaura Ruy , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh
Published: August 2024

Objetivo. Actualizar las prevalencias de diabetes tipo 2 (DT2), estimar las cascadas de tamizaje y atención de la DT2 en población adulta mexicana. Material y métodos. Se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2023. Se estimó la cascada de tamizaje, utilizando la población elegible según la NOM-015-SSA2-2010 y se estimó la cascada de atención de DT2 en las personas con diagnóstico. Resultados. La prevalencia de DT2 fue de 18.4% (12.4% diagnosticada, 6.0% no diagnosticada). El 83% de la población adulta sin DT2 tenía factores de riesgo que la hacían elegible a tamizaje sanguíneo. El 27.7% de población elegible fue tamizada en el último año (meta 33.3%). De las personas con diagnóstico de DT2, 72.8% asistió a consulta al menos una vez el último año, 92.8% estaba en tratamiento farmacológico, 77.9% usaba el tratamiento regularmente y 25.8% tenía niveles glucémicos controlados. Las personas que realizaron los tres pasos de atención (seguimiento, tratamiento y tratamiento regular) alcanzaron un control glucémico ligeramente mayor (34.4%). Conclusión. México enfrenta retos importantes para garantizar el tamizaje, la atención y el control glucémico. Se proponen varias acciones para mejorar la detección y control a partir de la evidencia generada con las cascadas de tamizaje y atención.
Understanding the Dynamics of Matrix-Fracture Interaction: The First Step Toward Modeling Chemical EOR and Selecting Suitable Fracturing Fluid in Unconventional Oil/Gas Recovery
Authors: Lin Lixing , Babadagli Tayfun , Li Huazhou (Andy)
Published: August 2024

The effects of chemical additives on mitigating water blocking and improving oil recovery were experimentally examined for gas-water and oil-water systems in spontaneous imbibition cells. In these attempts, two factors are critically important: (1) understanding the physics of the interaction, whether it is co- or countercurrent, and (2) characteristics of the chemical additives to suitably orient the interaction for specific purposes (accelerate/decelerate matrix-fracture interactions). Co- and countercurrent imbibition experiments were conducted on sandstone rock samples using various oil samples (viscosities between 1.37 cp and 54.61 cp) as well as gas (air). The selected new-generation chemical additives included deep eutectic solvents, cationic/anionic/nonionic surfactants, and inorganic and organic alkalis. We observed that the functionality of the chemicals varied depending on the fluid type, interaction type (co- or countercurrent), and application purposes. For instance, chemicals such as the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) significantly reduced water invasion into the gas-saturated sandstone cores during fracturing, while chemicals such as the nonionic surfactant Tween® 80 provided considerable oil recovery improvement in the oil-saturated sandstone cores. The surface tension and wettability of the rock surface are crucial factors in determining the suitability of chemicals for mitigating water blockage. In terms of oil recovery, certain chemical additives, such as O342 and Tween 80, may result in a lower recovery rate in the early stage because of their strong ability in interfacial tension (IFT) reduction but could lead to a higher ultimate recovery factor by altering the wettability. Additionally, the introduction of chemicals resulted in notable spontaneous emulsification, especially in countercurrent imbibition, thereby enhancing oil recovery. The spontaneous emulsification and its stability are influenced by factors such as oil drop size, boundary condition, interaction type, IFT, wettability, as well as rock surface charges. The results have implications for understanding the physics and dynamics of matrix-fracture interactions in co- and countercurrent conditions. In addition, they serve as the first step toward selecting appropriate chemical additives in hydraulic fracturing fluid design and enhancing oil recovery in unconventional reservoirs.
Reduced GO decorated waste Moringa oleifera fiber composite for sustainable electromagnetic shielding material
Authors: Nath Ganeswar , Samantara Biswabandita , Barik Rajib
Published: August 2024

The advent of the ultra-first digital system marked a transformative era in technology, particularly in monitoring natural phenomena through electromagnetic waves. For safeguard of the electronic instruments and mitigate electromagnetic interference, the utilization of electromagnetic absorbing materials has emerged as a crucial solution. In this context, the Moringa Oleifera fiber (MOF) which is exploded away as a waste material has the potential to disseminate the intensity of high intense electromagnetic wave plays a crucial role in presence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with epoxy as (rGO/MOF/EPOX) composite stand out as a promising approach. When incorporated into an epoxy matrix, MOF form a synergistic blend that not only provides electromagnetic shielding but also offers mechanical strength and stability. The change of complex permittivity of the material from 3.2 to 3.35 with 1wt% of rGO, produces a remarkable reflection loss along with increase of absorption efficiency from 68.38 % to 87.41%.The morphology of rGO/MOF/EPOX composite are analyzed through SEM which supports the ability of the composite to be a good electromagnetic shielding material. The physical, mechanical and thermal property MOF/EPOX composite has been evaluated in presence of rGO and discussed with correlation of dielectric properties of the material.
Design and Fabrication of Highly Elastic and Largely Deformable Nanolaminate Amorphous-Crystalline Metallic Electrodes for Deformable Displays
Authors: Jang Dongchan , Seo Woosuk , Ahn Daehyeok , Ghaffarian Hadi , Lee Tae-Ho , Park Eun-Soo , Park Keumhwan , Kim Yongjo
Published: August 2024

The next-generation stretchable displays require a new class of multifunctional electrode materials that simultaneously attain high elasticity, reliable tensile stability, and superior electrical conductivity. Despite their outstanding electrical conductivity, conventional metal thin-films often suffer from limited elasticity, typically less than 1%. Conversely, amorphous alloys offer exceptional elasticity, but their electrical resistivities do not meet industrial requirements. In this work, we propose metallic nanolaminates composed of alternately-stacked Al-based amorphous alloys and nanocrystalline elemental Al layers as a novel kind of electrode material suitable for stretchable displays. These materials are designed to synergistically combine the mechanical properties of amorphous alloys with the electrical properties of crystalline Al, and can be synthesized using currently available mass production fabrication facilities. Through in-situ scanning electron microscopy nano-tension experiments, we demonstrate the nanolaminate samples achieve a unique combination of a high elastic limit approaching 3%, large tensile elongation exceeding 17%, and excellent electrical resistivity lower than 10 µΩ·cm.
DArTseq genotyping facilitates identification of Aegilops biuncialis chromatin introgressed into bread wheat Mv9kr1
Authors: Gaál Eszter , Farkas András , Türkösi Edina , Kruppa Klaudia , Szakács Éva , Szőke-Pázsi Kitti , Kovács Péter , Kalapos Balázs , Darkó Éva , Said Mahmoud , Lampar Adam , Ivanizs Laszlo , Valárik Miroslav , Doležel Jaroslav , Molnár István
Published: August 2024

Aegilops species, wild relatives of wheat, offer valuable traits for wheat improvement through interspecific hybridization. Despite many Ae. biuncialis accessions maintained in gene banks, only a few have been utilized in wheat breeding. Gene transfer from Aegilops has been hampered by difficulties in detecting introgressed Ub- and Mb-genome chromatin at high resolution in the wheat background.
The present study applied DArTseq technology, to genotype two backcrossed populations (BC382, BC642) derived from crosses of a wheat line Mv9kr1 with Ae. biuncialis accession, MvGB382 (earlyflowering and drought tolerant) and MvGB642 (leaf rust-resistant).
11,952 Aegilops specific Silico-DArT markers were obtained, while 8998 markers were specific to wheat. Using the results obtained on diploid progenitors and wheat-Aegilops addition lines, 7686 markers were assigned to the Ub-genome chromosomes and 4266 for Mb-genome chromosomes and ordered by the use of chromosome assemblies of hexaploid wheat and Ae. umbellulata.
In the BC3 populations, 5.7% of BC382 and 22.7% of BC642 lines contained Ub-genome chromatin, while Mb-genome chromatin was detected in 88.5% of BC382 and 84% of BC642 lines. Notably, chromosomes 4Mb and 5Mb were frequently present in both populations, whereas chromosomes 3Mb and 6Mb were rarer. A Mv9kr1-Ae. biuncialis MvGB382 4Mb and 5Mb disomic addition lines were identified together with a new 5DS.5DL-5MbL recombination. Moreover, previously developed Mv9kr1-MvGB642 introgression lines were identified more precisely by DArTseq. A possible effect of the 5MbL distal region on seed length has been also observed and discussed. The new cytogenetic stocks represent valuable genetic resources for wheat improvement.
Resected Gastric Volume / Number of Staplers Fired Ratio as a Tool in Predicting Complication and Midterm Results in Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Kizilkaya Mehmet Celal , Basaran Ceren , Kalafat Utku Murat , Mutlu Arda Ulaş , Saracoglu Can , Aytac Erman
Published: August 2024

Background
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a restrictive surgery that aims to decrease the patients’ gastric volume. This study hypothesized that increased resected gastric volume/number of staplers fired ratio is associated with better postoperative 12th -month outcomes.
Objectives
To analyze the effects of resected gastric volume/number of staplers fired ratio on postoperative results of patients with sleeve gastrectomy.
Setting:
University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
Methods
We analyzed the data of 407 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy between 2018–2022. The primary outcome was the effect of resected gastric volume/number ratio on postoperative 12th -month excess weight loss.
Results
A total of 407 patients were included in the study. The higher resected gastric volume/number of staplers fired ratio was associated with higher excess weight loss in the postoperative 12th -month, and no effect was found in complications (p = 0.001 and p = 0.785, respectively).
Conclusion
This study revealed that resected gastric volume/number of staplers fired could be used to predict weight loss. Further studies should inspect the effect of resected gastric volume/number of staplers fired on complications.
Distinct muscle regenerative capacity of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy model mice
Authors: Goto Megumi , Takenaka-Ninagawa Nana , Zhao Chengzhu , Bourgeois Clémence Kiho Yoshioka , Miki Mayuho , Motoike Souta , Inada Yoshiko , Zujur Denise , Theoputra William , Jin Yonghui , Toguchida Junya , Ikeya Makoto , Sakurai Hidetoshi
Published: August 2024

Background
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is caused by a deficiency in type 6 collagen (COL6) due to mutations in COL6A1, COL6A2, or COL6A3. COL6 deficiency alters the extracellular matrix structure and biomechanical properties, leading to mitochondrial defects and impaired muscle regeneration. Therefore, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that secrete COL6 have attracted attention as potential therapeutic targets. Various tissue-derived MSCs exert therapeutic effects in UCMD mouse models. However, no reports have compared the effects of MSCs of different origins on UCMD pathology.
Methods
To evaluate which MSC population has the highest therapeutic efficacy for UCMD, in vivo (transplantation of MSCs to Col6a1-KO/NSG mice) and in vitro experiments (muscle stem cell [MuSCs] co-culture with MSCs) were conducted using adipose tissue-derived MSCs (Ad-MSCs), bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), and xeno-free-induced iPSC-derived MSCs (XF-iMSCs).
Results
In transplantation experiments on Col6a1-KO/NSG mice, the group transplanted with XF-iMSCs showed significantly enhanced muscle fiber regeneration compared to the other groups one week after transplantation. At 12 weeks after transplantation, only the XF-iMSCs transplantation group showed a significantly larger muscle fiber diameter than the other groups without inducing fibrosis, which was observed in the other transplantation groups. Similarly, in co-culture experiments, XF-iMSCs were found to more effectively promote the fusion and differentiation of MuSCs derived from Col6a1-KO/NSG mice than the other primary MSCs investigated in this study. Additionally, in vitro knockdown and rescue experiments suggested that the IGF2 secreted by XF-iMSCs promoted MuSC differentiation.
Conclusion
XF-iMSCs are promising candidates for promoting muscle regeneration while avoiding fibrosis, offering a safer and more effective therapeutic approach for UCMD than other potential therapies.
Evaluation of Ocrelizumab (Xacrel) on Walking Ability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A First Report from Iran
Authors: Mahyad Mahshid , Saeidi Morteza , Kohandel Kosar , Ebrahimian Maryam , Baghaei Mahdieh , Jahani Shima , Nahayati Mohammadali
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Ocrelizumab (OCR) and Rituximab (RTX) are monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20 on B cells, a promising approach for relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS). They aim to modulate the immune system and reduce B cells, potentially leading to fewer relapses and delayed disease progression. Xacrel, The Iranian-made Ocrelizumab biosimilar, requires further investigation for its effectiveness in MS treatment.
Objective
we aim to assess the effectiveness of Xacrel (Iranian Ocrelizumab) for MS treatment by evaluating alteration in expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score and timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) test. This study also explores the potential benefits of switching patients drug from RTX to OCR.
Material and Methods
This prospective cohort study at Qaem Hospital (February 2022–May 2024) on 143 MS patients evaluates Xacrel in MS patients using EDSS and T25FW scores before treatment and at 6 and 12months post-treatment. Additionally, we assessed 29 MS patients whose drug transitioned from RTX to OCR to compare the effectiveness of these treatments. For this purpose, MS progression was assessed using the EDSS score and T25FW test at baseline, six months, and twelve months after switching their medication.
Results
In our study, the average age was 38.48 ± 8.73 years, and over 70% were women. 76.2% were between 30–50 years old, with a mean disease duration of 6 years. About 19.6% were treatment-naive, with dimethyl fumarate as the most common first-line drug. Over 12 months, significant declines in EDSS scores and improvements in T25FW tests were noted at 6 and 12 months compared to baseline (all P < 0.05), but not between 6 and 12 months. Significant factors were RRMS for 6-month EDSS score changes (P = 0.011) and treatment-naive patients for T25FW at 6 months (P = 0.018) and 12 months (P = 0.004). Switching from Rituximab to Ocrelizumab showed no significant changes in EDSS or T25FW scores, despite trends of decreases in EDSS and increases in T25FW times at 6 and 12 months. Subgroup analyses by gender, age, disease duration, type, and previous medication history showed no significant differences.
Conclusion
Xacrel (Iranian-produced Ocrelizumab) effectively prevented EDSS progression and improved walking ability in treatment-naive RRMS patients, while switching from Rituximab to Ocrelizumab did not significantly impact disability scores or walking abilities.
New insights to select antigens to leishmaniasis diagnoses
Authors: Santiani Manuel Hospinal , Guzmán Yessenia Cristhel Manrique , Minozzo João Carlos , Vandenberghe Luciana Porto de Souza , Boschero Raphael Aparecido , Costa Jean Vedova , Santos Germana Davila dos , Peace Violetta Dias , Soccol Carlos Ricardo , Soccol Vanete Thomaz
Published: August 2024

The leishmaniases represent a group of chronic diseases with epidemiological diversity and a broad clinical spectrum that affect 350 million people worldwide. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are the best tools for controlling the disease. Immunological methods have been widely used as a screening tool for diagnosis. In this work a platform for the selection, production, and validation of antigens for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis was created. 540 peptides were obtained and selected through SPOT-synthesis and immunodetection using serum of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), where 14 antigens were selected. The antigens were valued by immunoassay test (ELISA) and intradermo reaction in experimental model. The best antigen for serological diagnosis of LV was Pep.S.LV57.p.395 with 80% of sensitivity and 92% of specificity. The avidity test demonstrated an improved sensitivity, which was able to differentiate patients with leishmaniasis from those with Chagas disease. For IDR a mix of six peptides were encapsulated in a cationic liposome and valued to observe cellular immunological. The best results, when compared with Montenegro antigen, was the induration on 72 h. This platform showed excellent results to search antigens and can be used for screening and in the diagnosis of neglected or emergent diseases.
Association Between Disconnected Networks and Surgical Outcome in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Huang Xiaoting , Zhou Chunyao , Guo Danni , Du Yangsa , Xie Fangfang , Feng Li
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the current study was to assess the change characteristics of structural network connection strength (SNCS), functional network connection strength (FNCS), and structural-functional correlation (SFC) of preoperative disconnected networks in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and the capability of these measures to predict postoperative seizure outcomes. This study enrolled 39 TLE patients with 29 healthy controls (HCs). Patients were divided into seizure-free (SF) and non-seizure-free (NSF) groups. Each individual network was divided into four-tier subnets. FNCS was significantly lower in the 1st level (p = 0.007/p = 0.009), 2nd level (p = 0.002/p < 0.001), and 3rd level disconnect networks (p < 0.001/p < 0.001) in SF and NSF(27.0 ± 8.4, 16 men; 30.9 ± 10.9, 8 men). SNCS was significantly lower in SF than HCs (33.3 ± 8.9, 15 men) and NSF (p = 0.008/p = 0.037) in the 1st level disconnected network. Further, significant SFC in the 1st level (p = 0.026/R²=0.169), 2nd level (p = 0.002/R²=0.283), and 3rd level disconnected networks (p = 0.011/R²=0.213) in HCs. Meanwhile, the SF group showed a positive SFC at the 2nd level disconnected network (p = 0.039/R²=0.159). Our study demonstrated that the consistency in SNCS and FNCS of the regions indirectly affected by surgery is associated with lower risk of post-surgical seizure. Preoperative multimodal magnetic resonance imaging may serve as an important tool to guide surgical planning.
Molecular characterization of a novel fusarivirus infecting the plant-pathogenic fungus Nigrospora sphaerica
Authors: Lu Xun , Lu Jianhua , Peng Shuming , Xia Qingzhu , Li Le , Long Binqing , Liu Hong
Published: August 2024

Here, we describe a novel mycovirus, tentatively designated as “Nigrospora sphaerica fusarivirus 2”(NsFV2), which was isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Nigrospora sphaerica strain HNXX-Ns20. NsFV2 has a single-stranded positive-sense RNA (+ ssRNA) genome of 6,156 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tail, and contains two putative open reading frames (ORFs). The ORF1 encodes a large polypeptide of 1,509 amino acid (aa) containing a conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains and a viral helicase domain. The ORF1-encoded polypeptide shares 29.40-68.48% sequence identity with other fusariviruses and shares the highest sequence identity (68.48%) with Nigrospora sphaerica fusarivirus 1 (NsFV1) .The small ORF2 encodes a polypeptide with 483 a and contains a conserved chromosome segregation ATPase (Smc) domain. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF1-encoded polypetide indicated that NsFV2 should be new member of the genus Alphafusarivirus of family Fusariviridae.
Growth and survival of three hatchery-bred giant clams (Tridacna derasa, T. squmosa, and T. crocea) in an ocean nursery: a pilot of restocking study in China
Authors: Li Jun , Zhao Zhen , Guo Shuming , Ma Haitao , Qin Yanpin , Yu Ziniu , Zhang Yuehuan
Published: August 2024

Giant clams are threatened by overexploitation and global climate change (e.g., global warming and ocean acidification) throughout their wide geographical range in the Indo-Pacific. Restocking of juvenile giant clams in coral reefs could be an important strategy to restore their populations. In the present study, three species two-year-old giant clams, including Tridacna derasa (shell length: 97.9 ± 13.2 mm), T. squamosa (96.2 ± 17.4 mm), and T. crocea (44.5 ± 7.6 mm), were firstly released to two coral reefs (Wuzhizhou Island and Luhuitou) to compare their performance for one year’s duration in Southern China. No significant difference was found in survival rates among species of giant clams, while their growth of giant clams varied greatly between reef sites with better performance in Wuzhizhou Island than in Luhuitou during 12 months. Among three giant clams, T. derasa had the fastest growth at a rate of 4.45 ± 0.36 and 3.38 ± 0.32 mm month-1 in Wuzhizhou Island and Luhuitou, respectively, and their survival rates ranged from 41.04 ± 1.63% to 44.00 ± 0.82% in Wuzhizhou Island and from 30.69 ± 1.89% to 37.67 ± 4.19% in Luhuitou. Turbidity was the main factor affecting the performance of giant clams, whereas typhoons can cause mass mortality of giant clams. By restocking giant clams in the natural coral reefs, their populations can be restored, which is beneficial to the stability of coral reef ecosystems.
Leopard spot retinopathy represents the initial sign of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in children: a report of two cases
Authors: Chen Boya , Duan Jialiang
Published: August 2024

Background: Leopard spots can appear in a variety of diseases; however, they are extremely rare in children with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This study presents two such rare cases in which leopard spot retinopathy was the initial manifestation of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Case Presentation: Case 1 involved a 4-year-old boy had previously been diagnosed with left eye uveitis and received systemic steroid therapy at a local hospital, but symptoms persisted. Extensive leopard-spot changes were observed in the posterior pole of the left eye and optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed multifocal, shallow retinal detachment in the left eye. Case 2 involved a16-year-old girl who visited for decreased vision in her right eye. Examination of the right eye revealed leopard-spot changes at the posterior pole and a retinal hole in the fundus; multifocal retinal detachment was noted on OCT. In both cases, the retinas were successfully reattached after retinal laser photocoagulation or scleral buckling, with no recurrence of retinal detachment at late follow-up.
Conclusions: When leopard-spot changes are observed, the fundus must be carefully examined for any potential retinal holes, especially in pediatric patients.
A Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Mucopolysaccharidosis Early Diagnosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study using UAE SEHA Electronic Medical Records
Authors: AlShehhi Aamna , Alblooshi Hiba , Fadul Ruba , Tumzghi Natnael , Tenaiji Amal Al , Harbi Mariam Al , Al-Jasmi Fatma
Published: August 2024

Rare diseases, such as Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), present unique challenges to the healthcare system. Some of the most critical challenges are the delay and the lack of accurate disease diagnosis. Early diagnosis of MPS is crucial, as it has the potential to significantly improve patients' response to treatment, thereby reducing the risk of complications or death. This study aims to compare the performance of different machine learning (ML) models for MPS diagnosis using electronic health records (EHR) from the Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA). Our retrospective cohort study consists of 115 registered patients whose age <= 19 Years old from 2004 to 2022. Using nested cross-validation, we trained different feature extraction algorithms in combination with various ML algorithms, and we evaluated them using various evaluation metrics. Finally, the models with the highest performance were further interpreted using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). We found that Naive Bayes trained on the domain expert features reported the highest performance: accuracy: 0.93 (0.08), AUC: 0.96(0.04), F1-score: 0.91(0.1), and MCC: 0.86 (0.16). The top reported features were acute pharyngitis, accretions on teeth, and body mass index pediatric, greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for age. This study offers a cost-effective screening method for MPS patients using non-invasive EHR.
The effect of psychological empowerment program on clinical competence and burnout of nurses working in intensive care units
Authors: Moghaddasi Jaefar , Nemati Shahnaz , Raeisi Hadi , khabazi malihe , Shirvani fatemeh
Published: August 2024

Introduction and aim: Burnout, perceived stresses and threats in the workplace are a global phenomenon in nursing. Meanwhile, the psychological ability of nurses through increasing their efficiency, job motivation and creative behaviors can play an important role in increasing their efficiency in therapeutic settings. Therefore, due to the high rate of burnout in intensive care unit nurses, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of psychological empowerment program on clinical competence and burnout of intensive care unit nurses in Shahrekord teaching hospitals.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study that was performed on 61 ICU nurses of teaching hospitals in Shahrekord, the samples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. In the next stage, for the intervention group, the workshop and psychological empowerment sessions were implemented for eight sessions of 90 minutes and the control group only received the routine education. At the end of each session, the booklet was given to the members of the intervention group. CIRN and Maslach Burnout Questionnaire was completed for both groups before, immediately and one month after the intervention. Data has been analysed by SPSS 21 softwaer using descriptive analytic tests.
Results: The results showed that the mean of clinical competence before the intervention in the intervention group was (161. 00 ± 11.34) and in the control group was (154.53 ± 41.64) which were not significantly different (P = 0.51). The mean score of clinical competence immediately after the intervention in the intervention group was (176.68 ± 23.87) and in the control group was (160.27 ± 39.48) that no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P = 0.13). Also, the mean score of clinical competence one month after the intervention was (181.35 ± 26.99) and in the control group was (153.13± 41.10), which was a significant difference (P<0.001). Burnout before the intervention in intervention group was (52.70 ± 15.17) and in the control group was (45.07 ± 16.74), which were not significantly different (P = 0.08).
Conclusion: According to the results of a recent study, the implementation of empowerment training program is effective in the clinical performance of nurses and improves performance in the level of service to patients and treatment teams. Psychological empowerment of nurses More interventions should be done.