bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Chomskyan Revolution
Authors: Harris Randy Allen
Published: November 2023

In one reading oflinguistic history, the Bloomfieldians of the 1950s were biding their time for some convincingly complete model to displace their picture of language. The “fullest flowering” ofBloomfieldian grammar-construction was Trager and Smith’s Outline of English Structure (Stark, 1972:414). It was at once a reworking and a practical application of Trager’s earlier classic (with Bloch), Outline of Linguistic Analysis. Since the application was to English, it had enormous educational advantages, and it was a self-conscious exemplar of the program, illustrating by example “a methodology of analysis and presentation that we believe to be representative of the scientific method as applied to a social science—linguistics” (Trager and Smith, 1957 [1951]:7). It was brief.
Generative Semantics 3: The Ethos
Authors: Harris Randy Allen
Published: November 2023

All through the war, the generative semanticists were having a lot of fun, fun that spilled into and all over their work, which had everything to do with the times. We are, don’t forget, in the late sixties and early seventies, when the cultivated alienation of the hippies had a pervasive influence on all things academic and most things non-academic, and the generative semanticists—“a bunch of people who got together at conferences to make puns and play Fictionary and smoke funny cigarettes” (R. Lakoff, 1989:972)—are as representative of that period as beads or bomb threats or bongs. Their work teems with the themes of drugs, music, casual sex, and, of course, politics.

The stylistic proclivities of generative semantics, like those of the period generally, were not just a veneer of cultural references and allusions glued onto an otherwise conventional form. They run deep. The hippies (forcing this word to carry much more freight than it did when it was, briefly and narrowly, the preferred label for the group I am gathering under it here) were as seriously at odds with the preceding generation as any group could be, with perhaps the exception of the Khmer Rouge.
Generative Semantics 4: The Collapse
Authors: Harris Randy Allen
Published: November 2023

Judith Levi set to work on The Syntax and Semantics of Compled Nominals in 1974, an extensive reworking of her doctoral dissertation under McCawley that does for generative semantics what Lees’ The Grammar of English Nominalizations, a reworking of his doctoral dissertation under Chomsky, dies for early transformational grammar. Levi’s book proves—within all the variations, uncertainties and controversies that characterize any scientific attempt to model reality, especially a reality as mucky as language—that generative semantics works.
William Byrd II and the Challenge of Rusticity Among the Tidewater Gentry
Authors: Brown Richard D
Published: November 2023

Isolation, Perry Miller asserted, “is not a matter of distance or the slowness of communication: it is a question of what a dispatch from distant quarters means to the recipient.”1 Isolation is both a relative condition and a state of mind. Dwelling in the heart of New York City, Melville’s Bartleby was far more isolated than was Henry Thoreau alone in his cabin at Walden Pond. For British colonists residing at the margin of the American continent, three thousand miles beyond Land’s End in England, the threat of isolation could be especially keen. It all depended on the location of one’s cultural and psychological center. Because New England Puritans believed the center moved with them to the American shore, they only slowly and incompletely came to recognize themselves as provincial. But for English settlers elsewhere, and especially in Tidewater Virginia, the sense of isolation was so much a part of the colonizing experience from Roanoke and Jamestown onward that it became prominently embedded in the region’s common culture.
William Bentley and the Ideal of Universal Information in the Enlightened Republic
Authors: Brown Richard D
Published: November 2023

When the Reverend William Bentley died at age sixty in 1819 he was a famous man, a scholarly celebrity. Recently honored with a doctor of divinity degree from his alma mater, Harvard, his eminence had long been recognized by election to leading American learned societies: the American Philosophical Society, the American Antiquarian Society, and the Massachusetts Historical Society. To John Adams, Bentley was “Doctor of Physics, Dr. of Philosophy, Dr. of Laws, and D.D.”1 Proficient in some twenty ancient and modern languages, a keen student of philology, scriptural criticism, and human and natural history, Bentley was, with Thomas Jefferson, one of the great polymaths of the early Republic. Indeed Jefferson, seeking the best scholars to guide the University of Virginia, invited Bentley to become its founding president. For breadth and depth of learning Bentley, whose personal library of 4000 volumes ranked with America’s greatest private collections, had few peers.
The Dynamics of Contagious Diffusion: The Battles of Lexington and Concord, George Washington Death, and the Assassination of President Lincoln,
1775-1865
Authors: Brown Richard D
Published: November 2023

In early America information usually passed along well-worn paths. Routine relationships of neighborhood and family, of occupation and social circle, both defined what information was worthy of attention and also provided its conduits. Whether the subject concerned politics, commerce, or salvation, for Samuel Sewall and William Byrd in the early 18th century as well as for people like Sarah and Calvin Fletcher, Isaac Mickle, and Lucy Breckinridge in the mid-19th century, the acquisition and further dissemination of information was predictable, tied as it was not only to one’s geographic location but to one’s social milieu and aspirations. Although direct observation permitted everyone to be informed about the weather no matter their age, gender, or social rank, most other kinds of information were less available and usually possessed only limited audiences. Even the homilies delivered from the pulpit, although aimed at people of all conditions, could touch only those who were pious enough to attend and sufficiently alert to listen. Information did not radiate uniformly across the flat surface of a still pond. Rather, it moved slowly or swiftly in streams that could be broad or narrow, straight or crooked, marked out as they were according to the prevailing cultural values and institutions of the social order, which reflected its economy, politics, and technology.
An Introduction to Native Americans
Authors: Young T Kue
Published: November 2023

The health of Native Americans has undergone substantial change from pre-Columbian times to the present. Contact with Europeans had brought along new communicable diseases, often with devastating effects on population size, social organization, and the cultural life of various peoples on the North American continent. Between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries there was considerable variation between tribes with regard to onset, severity, and duration of disease effects. Since the beginning of the twentieth century there had heen a general recovery among native groups in both Canada and the United States. As in the general population, when infectious diseases became better controlled, the disease burden shifted to the chronic diseases. In addition, rapid social changes led to new epidemics of injuries and social pathologies, the control of which has proved far more intractable than for infectious diseases.
Toward a Biocultural Epidemiology
Authors: Young T Kue
Published: November 2023

Native Americans in North America have shown remarkable tenacity in the face of adversity inflicted upon them from the time of contact. From a continental perspective, the population reached its nadir toward the end of the nineteenth century, although substantial regional variation likely existed. From the beginning of the twentieth century, the Native American population has begun to recover, and with it the pattern of health and disease has also changed.
Ale, Beer, And Brewsters In England
Authors: Bennett Judith M
Published: November 2023

Women brewed and sold most of the ale consumed in medieval England, but after 1350, men slowly took over the trade. By 1600, most brewers in London were male, and men also dominated the trade in many towns and villages. This book asks how, when, and why brewing ceased to be women’s work and instead became a job for men. Employing a wide variety of sources and methods, Bennett vividly describes how brewsters (that is, female brewers) gradually left the trade. She also offers a compelling account of the endurance of patriarchy during this time of dramatic change.
When Women Brewed
Authors: Bennett Judith M
Published: November 2023

When Denise Marlere died in February 1401, she left behind a thriving brewing business in the town of Bridgwater. She bequeathed the bulk of her business to her servant Rose: half of a tenement, all her brewing vessels with a furnace, three sacks full of malt, a cup, a brass pot, a pan, a goblet bound with silver, a chafing dish, two silver spoons, and some other carefully specified goods. She also left brewing utensils to other heirs, giving a leaden vat each to her parish church, her parish priest, and two local monasteries, and leaving to her daughter, Isabel, two more leaden vats, a brass 3 gallon pot, a pan, a mortar and pestle, and the proceeds of one brewing. A widow, Denise Marlere enjoyed a very comfortable standard of living, thanks in large part to her commercial brewing. Although brewing utensils and supplies made up the bulk of her estate, she also bequeathed So pounds of white wool (suggesting that she might have supported herself by spinning as well as brewing), several chests and other household goods, coverlets and other clothing, and considerable amounts of cash. For Denise Marlere, brewing for profit seems to have been very profitable indeed.
New Beer, Old Ale Why was Female to Male as Ale was to Beer?
Authors: Bennett Judith M
Published: November 2023

In late fourteenth-century Lullington (Sussex), several dozen people brewed for profit. Although some sold ale regularly, brewing was not very professionalized, and most brewers in Lullington in the 1370s brewed for sale on only an occasional basis. Singlewomen and widows probably accounted for about one-third of all brewers, the rest being married women or men. One hundred years later, the brewing trade looked very different. Instead of dozens of brewers, only a handful worked in Lullington, and they often brewed “commonly” throughout the year. Among these common brewers were a few not-married women, but most brewers by the 1470s were married couples. By this time, common brewers also worked alongside other professional victualers, usually two butchers and a baker. Within a few decades, the face of brewing in Lullington would change yet again. In the 1480s, ale (brewed with malt, water, and yeast) began to face a new competitor in Lullington -beer (brewed with malt, water, yeast, and hops). At first, beer was merely sold in Lullington, but by the 1520s it was regularly brewed on site.
b
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

Babasin, harry (Babasian), bs, cello; b. Dallas, TX, 3/19/21; d. Los Angeles, CA, 5/21/88. Raised in Vernon, Tex. Began on bs. and cello as teenager, then stud. at No. Texas St. Coll. Fellow students were Jimmy Giuffre, Herb Ellis, Gene Roland. Pl. w. territory bands in Midwest, early 1940s. To NYC ’45, pl. w. Gene Krupa, Charlie Barnet, Boyd Raeburn. Moved to Calif., late ’45. Pl. w. Raeburn ’45–6; Benny Goodman ’46–7. Made first jazz pizzicato cello recs. w. Dodo Marmarosa ’47. Tour. w. Woody Herman ’48, then freelanced as studio mus. in Hollywood. Founded Nocturne rec. co., early ’50s. Pl. cello in own gp., The Jazzpickers, ’56; pl. briefly w. Harry James ’59. Babasin received an M.A. in comp. fr. San Fernando Valley St. Coll. ’61. He pl. in a duo w. pianist Phil Moody fr. ’63. Film: app. in A Song Is Born ’48. LPs: PJ; Em.; Disc; VSOP. CDs: Noct.; PJ; Em; Disc.; VSOP; w. B. Goodman (Cap.); Laurindo Almeida (WP); Chet Baker; Sonny Criss; Bob Gordon (FS); Barney Kessel (Cont.); D. Marmarosa (Jz. Class.); B. Raeburn (Sav.).
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Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

Cables, george andrew, pno, kybds, comp; b. Brooklyn, NY, 11/14/44. Studied w. moth., a teacher and amateur pnst.; also att. HS. of Perf. Arts 1958–62; Mannes Coll. of Mus. ’63–5. At age 18, formed Jazz Samaritans w. Steve Grossman, Clint Houston, Billy Cobham. Arr. for East Harlem Protestant church choir ’60s. Worked w. Art Blakey, Max Roach, late ’60s; Sonny Rollins ’69; Joe Henderson ’69–71; Freddie Hubbard ’71–6. Pl. pno. and el-pno. in own trio, Cable Car, in LA mid ’70s. Pl. w. Gabor Szabo, Bobby Hutcherson mid to late ’70s; also w. Woody Shaw; Billy Harper. Worked w. Dexter Gordon at Keystone Korner in SF, Dec. ’76, remain. w. Gordon until ’78. Rejoin. Blakey in ’77 and began an assoc. w. Art Pepper that lasted until the saxist’s death in ’82. Fr. ’80s w. own trio; also w. Bebop and Beyond ’84; in NYC mid ’90s, w. Pete La Roca Sims’ Swingtime; Joe Chambers; others. Cables’ comps. have been rec. by Woody Shaw, Woody Herman, Freddie Hubbard, Bobby Hutcherson. Among the best are “Morning Song” and “Helen’s Song.” Favs: Wynton Kelly, Buddy Montgomery, Hancock, Tyner. Fests: all major. CDs: Cont.; DIW; Steep.; Conc.; w. Bebop and Beyond (BM); D. Gordon (Col.; Steep.); Hubbard (CTI); S. Rollins; J. Henderson (Mile.); Hutcherson (Timel.; Land.); F. Morgan (Cont.; Ant.); Pepper (Gal.; Cont.); Joe Farrell (Cont.); W. Shaw; H. Land (Muse); S. Rogers; B. Forman (Conc.); M. Roach; J. Stubblefield (Enja); C. Rouse (Land.); P. Sims (BN).
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Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

Eade, dominique frances, voc, pno, arr; b. Ruislip, England, 6/16/58. Sister Anne is prof. voc. and pnst.; bro. Geo. pl. el-bs and gtr.; husband is saxist Allan Chase. Stud. at Vassar Coll. 1976–8; Berklee Coll. of Mus.,’78–9; New Engl. Cons. ’79–82 and ’87–9. First gigs as solo act in Stuttgart, Germ., coffeehouses while in hs. Perf. w. Joe McPhee in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. ’76–8; duo w. Ran Blake in Bost. ’79; own qt. in Bost. ’79–82. Co-led qnt. Genso ’83–5. Perf. w. Ran Blake Qnt. w. Ricky Ford ’85–6; Taylor McLean ’85–9; trio w. Donald Brown, John Lockwood ’85–8; Orange Then Blue w. Geo. Schuller, various new music gps. ’85–90; Dave Holland ’87; Butch Morris ’88; duo and qt. w. Mick Goodrick ’88–9; Stanley Cowell, John Damian–Bill Frisell ’89; Damian ’89–90. Moved to NYC ’90. Perf. w. John Medeski at Vill. Gate; trio w. Bruce Barth–Ira Coleman ’91; duo w. Ben Sher fr. ’92. Eade has taught and arr. for the a capella choir at New Engl. Cons. fr. ’84. Favs: Billie Holiday, Sarah Vaughan, Ella Fitzgerald; comps: Monk, Ellington, Strayhorn, Shorter. Fests: Norway ’80; Sweden ’83; France ’92. TV: PBS La Plaza w. Victor Mendoza ’85. CDs: RCA; Acc.
f
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

Faddis, jon, tpt, flg, pno, comp, lead; b. Oakland, CA, 7/24/53. One sister sings, other pl. pno. Began on tpt. at age 8. Stud. w. Bill Catalano, who introduced him to Dizzy Gillespie’s music 1964. Later stud. improv. w. Bill Atwood; tpt. w. Carmine Caruso; Mel Broiles; Vince Penzarella. Stud. comp. w. Edgar Grana ’85–90. Pl. w. r&b bands in Oakland fr. age 13, then w. rehearsal bands in SF incl. Rudy Salvini; Cus Cousineau; Don Piestrup. Joined Lionel Hampton immediately after grad. hs ’71. Moved to NYC ’72, pl. w. Thad Jones–Mel Lewis Orch. ’72–5; Charles Mingus ’72–3; Gil Evans, Chuck Mangione ’72; Gillespie fr. ’74. Worked as studio mus. mid ’70searly ’80s. App. w. Gillespie at White House “In Performance” ’82. Pl. w. own qnt. fr. ’82; Philip Morris Superband, late ’80s. Faddis has also perf. and rec. w. Duke Ellington Orch.; Count Basie Orch.; Art Blakey; McCoy Tyner; Dexter Gordon; Cab Calloway; Joe Williams; Ella Fitzgerald; Sarah Vaughan; James Moody; Milt Jackson; etc. He served as mus. dir. of the Gillespie bb and the United Nation Orch. fr. ’87 to ’92; the Carnegie Hall 100th Anniv. bb ’91. Faddis has travelled extens. as a lecturer and clinician; in ’92 was appointed mus. dir. of the Carnegie Hall Jazz Band and in ’99 to the faculty of Purchase Coll. St. U., N.Y. Known for his mastery of the Gillespie style, often playing an octave higher than Dizzy, Faddis has brought other elements to his work from some of the Swing Era giants and personalized his playing. Tour. US, on own and w. LCJO ’94. Favs: Gillespie, Armstrong, Eldridge, M. Davis, C. Brown, Snooky Young. Polls: DB TDWR ’74–5. Fests: all major fr. ’77. Films: soundtracks for The Gauntlet; Bird; The Wiz; The Burning Spear; A Winter in Lisbon.
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Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

Gadd, steve (Stephen K. Gadda), dms; b. Rochester, NY, 4/9/45. Uncle, who pl. bs. dm. in mil. band, showed him rudiments at age 7. Began serious stud. in 1957, having sat in w. Dizzy Gillespie at a local club a yr. earlier. Later stud. at Manh. Sch. of Mus. for two yrs. bef. sw. to the Eastman Sch. While there, pl. w. Chick Corea; Chuck Mangione; Gap Mangione; Joe Romano; Frank Pullara. After three yrs. w. an army band, he worked w. a bb in Rochester; in qt. w. Warren Bernhardt, Eddie Gomez, and George Young. To NYC ’72 in trio w. Tony Levin, Mike Holmes. Rec. w. Chet Baker ’74. Worked w. Stuff ’74–5; Corea ’75–81; Ben Sidran ’78. A founding member—w. the Brecker bros.—of Steps Ahead, he left it in ’81, then worked w. Masahiko Sato; Manhattan Jazz Qnt.; Joe Farrell; Herbie Hancock; Bob James; Steve Khan; Ron Carter; Roland Hanna; also w. Al Di Meola; Paul Simon; Stevie Wonder; Barbra Streisand; Paul McCartney; Aretha Franklin; Al Jarreau. Form. the Gadd Gang w. Ronnie Cuber, Gomez ’88. Pl. w. Corea qt. for Eur. fests. ’92; M. Petrucciani trio, in Eur., US ’97. Favs: Elvin Jones, Tony Williams, Jack DeJohnette, Buddy Rich, Louie Bellson. CDs: w. Baker (CTI); G. Benson; Weather Report (Col.); C. Bley (Watt); Brecker Bros. (Novus); Corea (Polyd.; Verve; Stretch); R. Cuber (Elec. Bird); E. Elias; E. Gomez (Den.); R.R. Kirk (Atl.); Manhattan Jazz Qnt. (PW; SB); D. Sanborn (WB); G. Washington (Elek.).
j
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

Jackson, calvin, comp, pno; b. Philadelphia, PA, 5/26/19; d. Encinitas, CA, 12/9/85. Mother was a concert singer. Extensive mus. studies; thirteen yrs. w. private teachers in Phila., at Juilliard, and at NYU. First prof. job w. Frankie Fairfax. Asst. mus. dir. to George Stoll at MGM, Hollywood 1943–7; also wrote arrs. for Harry James ’43. Moved to NYC ’48, pl. at Café Society w. Mildred Bailey. Settled in Toronto ’50, where he had own radio and TV shows. Ret. to West Coast ’57, app. as soloist in classical and jazz concerts ’61–2; own radio show ’65. Film: soundtrack for Blood and Steel; Oscar nomination for score to The Unsinkable Molly Brown; app. in Three on a Couch. TV: soundtrack for series, The Asphalt Jungle; apps. on Steve Allen, The Detectives; NBC special, Rehearsing With Calvin. Comp: Profile of an American, dedicated to J. F. Kennedy, perf. by Hollywood Symph. ’66. Recs. on Col., Rep.; w. Phil Moore (Verve). CD: w. Buddy Collette (Cont.).
k
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

Kahn, tiny (norman), dms, comp, vib; b. NYC, 5/24; d. Martha’s Vineyard, MA, 8/19/53. As child won prize pl. hca. Took up dms. at 15 and pl. timp. in hs orch. Worked w. Georgie Auld 1947; Boyd Raeburn ’48; Chubby Jackson, Charlie Barnet ’49; Stan Getz qnt. ’51; Elliot Lawrence on Jack Sterling’s daily CBS radio show, mostly on vib. Described by his boyhood friend, Terry Gibbs, as a natural timekeeper and arr., Kahn came out of the Jo Jones tradition and was known for his delicate touch. Self-taught as a writer, he was an infl. on such contemporaries as Johnny Mandel and Al Cohn. He died of a heart attack while on vacation. Rec. comps arrs: “Tiny’s Blues” (out chorus by A. Cohn); “Father Knickerbopper,” “Flyin’ the Coop” for Jackson; “Leo the Lion” for W. Herman. Arrs: “Godchild” for Jackson (on which he scats the theme); “Over the Rainbow” for Barnet. CDs: w. Getz (BN; Mos., Roul.); Red Rodney in Early Bebop (Merc.); Jackson in The Jazz Arranger, Vol. 2 (Col.); Lester Young (BN).
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Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

Mabern, harold jr., pno, comp; b. Memphis, TN, 3/20/36. Started on dms., pl. w. Frank Strozier while in hs. Pursued serious pno. study after hearing Phineas Newborn Jr. Moved to Chi. 1954; pl. w. Morris Ellis bb; Walter Perkins’ MJT+3; Bob Cranshaw; Frank Strozier; Bobby Bryant; Willie Thomas. Moved to NYC ’59; pl. w. Harry “Sweets” Edison ’59; Lionel Hampton ’60; Art Farmer–Benny Golson Jazztet ’61–2; Roy Haynes, Irene Reid, Arthur Prysock ’62; Miles Davis in Calif.; J. J. Johnson ’63–5; Wes Montgomery ’64; Joe Williams ’66–7; Lee Morgan ’67; Walter Bolden Trio ’73–4. Member of Stanley Cowell’s 7-pno. Piano Choir ’70. Pl. and/or rec. in ’70s w. George Coleman; Danny Moore; Billy Harper; Roy Haynes; Freddie Hubbard; R. R. Kirk; Hank Mobley; Clark Terry; Joe Newman; and many others. Regular member of G. Coleman’s qt. since the ’80s. Taught pno. and improv. at William Paterson Coll. since ’71. In ’90 and ’91 Mabern toured Japan w. the 100 Gold Fingers of Jazz, a gp. comprising 10 top jazz pnsts. “Music is my love,” says Mabern. “I never take it for granted.” A strong bebop-based, blues-grounded player, he has been unjustly neglected through much of his career. Favs: Phineas Newborn Jr., Ahmad Jamal; arr: Thad Jones. Polls: BMI Jazz Pioneer. Fests: Eur., Jap. w. Coleman, J. Newman. TV: Jazz Set w. Bobbi Humphrey ’71; Soul w. Lucky Thompson ’70s. CDs: Col.; Sack.; Prest.; w. G. Coleman (Evid.); Betty Carter (Cap.); Lee Morgan; Mobley; Hubbard (BN); J. J. Johnson (Imp.); Contemp. Pno Ens. (Evid.; Col.); Cecil Payne; Jimmy Forrest; Eric Alexander (Del.); Kirk (Merc.); Strozier; Louis Smith (Steep.); J. Griffin (Gal.); G. Benson (CTI).
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Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

Ulano, sam (solomon paul), dms; b. NYC, 8/12/20. Brother Ben pl. acdn.; a niece, Ellen Payne, is prof. concert vlnst. Stud. dms. and tympani at Harlem Sch. of Mus. 1935. Pl. w. army band in Hawaii and Japan ’42–6. Owned drm. shop in NYC ’46–70. Taught at NY Coll. of Mus. ’52–62. Wrote articles for Int’l Musician mag early ’50s and later for Big Bands mag. Pl. w. Bill Snyder ’56–60; Tony Parenti–Dick Wellstood at Metropole Café, NYC ’60–4; Sol Yaged ’64–75; own gp. at Gaslight club ’75–80; Max Kaminsky at Eddie Condon’s late ’70s; own qt. at Red Blazer ’87–92; Bob Cantwell’s NY Stompers fr. ’89. Ulano led a 9–pc. band, Sammy’s Double-Dixie Band, at the Red Blazer fr. ’92. Ulano is the subject of a biographical docu. film, Mr. Rhythm ’93. He has produced instructional material for dmrs., incl. books and videos, and publ. a magazine, Drum Files Revisited. Favs: Buddy Rich, Gene Krupa, Max Roach, Louis Bellson, Philly Joe Jones, Sid Catlett, Tony Briglia. Film: Mr. Rhythm. TV: Garry Moore, Ernie Kovacs, Steve Allen, Shari Lewis ’50s-’60s; Cerebral Palsy telethons w. Yaged ’67–70; Joe Franklin ’80s; David Letterman ’92. LPs: Lane; w. S. Yaged (Lane).
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Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

VachÉ, warren webster jr., crnt, tpt, flg, pno; b. Rahway, NJ, 2/21/51. Father, Warren, is bs. and jazz writer; bro. Allan pl. cl., sax w. Jim Cullum band in Tex. Began on pno., then sw. to brass instr. in elem. sch. Stud. w. Jim Fitzpatrick, then at Montclair St. Coll.; w. Pee Wee Erwin 1970–80. First gigs in N.J. w. father. Pl. w. NYJRC at Carnegie Hall, recreating solos of Bix Beiderbecke ’75; Benny Goodman off and on ’75–85; house band at Eddie Condon’s ’76–9; Scott Hamilton fr. ’76; Concord Super Band ’79–82; Concord All-Stars fr. ’79; Geo. Wein’s Festival All-Stars fr. ’84. Played, led orch. for, and co-produced w. Ira Gitler Swing: 40 and Over for JVC-NY ’91. Vaché acted and pl. in the ’85 film The Gig. He coached actor Richard Gere for his role as a tpt. player in the film The Cotton Club and was mus. dir. for the stage revival of Private Lives starring Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor. Fests: all major fr. ’75. TV: Today. CDs: Conc.; N-H; Zephyr; Aud.; w. H. Alden; Dan Barrett; R. Clooney; Conc. All-Stars; S. Hamilton; W. Herman; NJF All-Stars; Geo. Shearing (Conc.); B. Goodman (Lond.); Bobby Short; G. Mulligan (Tel.); D. Hyman (MM); Judy Carmichael (Jazz.); G. Wein (Col.); B. Goodman (Verve; Lond.).
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Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira
Published: November 2023

Wadenius, georg, gtr, bs; b. Stockholm, Sweden, 5/4/45. Professional debut in Sweden 1968. Came to US to join Blood Sweat & Tears ’72 and tour. w. the gp. internationally. CDs: w. Blood, Sweat & Tears (Col.); Ronnie Cuber (Steep.; ProJazz; Mile.); Howard Johnson (Verve); Dexter Gordon (Steep.); Joe Henderson (Mile.).
Averroes on the Active Intellect as the Cause of Human Thought
Authors: Davidson Herbert A
Published: November 2023

Although he repeatedly revised his position on the active intellect’s role as a cause of sublunar existence, Averroes remained firm throughout his career regarding the active intellect’s nature. Like his predecessors among the Arabic Aristotelians, he consistently construed it as an incorporeal substance transcending the human soul; and he took for granted that it is the last link—or, in his Long Commentary on the De anima, which raises the material intellect to the status of the last of the eternal incorporeal substances, the penultimate link-in the hierarchy of incorporeal intelligences.
Emerging Viruses in Context: An Overview of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Authors: Johnson Karl M
Published: November 2023

Viral hemorrhagic fever is itself an emergent concept: a product of events of the twentieth century, albeit some of the diseases we recognize as such today were clearly known to man many centuries ago (Gajdusek, 1962). They were all zoonotic infections and this fact, together with the violent ongoing ecological change that has occurred on this planet since the end of World War II and the emergence of modern virological science, has led to a perception that these are “ emerging” diseases. If this is true in one sense, it is important to realize that from the viewpoint of the agents them selves, it is plainly not so. The viruses almost surely antedate our species. I confess to some difficulty in understanding what was meant by “ emerging” . Webster’ s Unabridged Dictionary, as usual, came to the rescue. The word is from the Latin emergere. Definitions cited include “ to reveal itself to notice so as to call for immediate attention” , “ to issue from an inferior or obscure condition.” On the same page I found another word, a deletion mutant, if you will, emerere, whence emeritus, “ To serve out one’ s term.” Thus, you confront here emergent viruses surveyed by an emeritus virologist.
Factors Restraining Emergence of New Influenza Viruses
Authors: Murphy Brian
Published: November 2023

Thesegmented genome of influenza viruscanreadilyundergo reassortment, an exchange of genes between two virus strains coinfecting a cell at the same time. As Webster discusses in Chapter 4, the evolution of new pandemic influenza A strains appears to result from reassortment of genes of human and avian influenza A viruses. The emergence of new pandemic influenza strains is rare and has occurred most recently in 1918, 1957, and 1968. Avian influenza viruses are very common. It is likely that virtually every one of the enormous number of ducks in the world becomes infected. Human influenza is also common, with an estimated 100,000,000 infections in humans annually. Both ducks and primates can be hosts for coinfection by two influenza strains, both being susceptible, at least experimen tally, to infection with a number of different influenza strains of either avian or mammalian origin. Avian influenza viruses normally replicate in both the respiratory tract and the gut of infected waterfowl, with prolonged virus shedding and little overt disease. Most human influenza virus strains do not replicate efficiently in the intestinal tract of ducks, but can infect their respiratory tract. Considering this enormous potential for gene exchange between avian and human viruses to occur, why do pandemic influenza viruses emerge only infrequently? The question is crucial because, given the many opportunities for new influenza reassortants to arise, the factors that prevent a new avian-human influenza A virus reassortant from efficiently infecting humans may well be the major determinants of whether a pandemic can occur. In this chapter, I will consider possible answers.
The Jazz Revolution
Authors: Ogren Kathy J
Published: November 2023

The 1920s were not called the Jazz Age for nothing. Celebrated by writers from Langston Hughes to Gertrude Stein, jazz was the dominant influence on American popular music, despite resistance from whites who distrusted its vibrant expression of black culture and by those opposed to the overt sexuality and raw emotion of the `devil’s music’. As Kathy Ogren shows, the breathless pace and syncopated rhythms were as much a part of twenties America as Prohibition and the economic boom, which enabled millions throughout the states to enjoy the latest sounds on radios and phonographs.
“Comin’ Down The Same Drain”; Performance Practice Of Bluesman, Minstrels, And Jazzman
Authors: Ogren Kathy J
Published: November 2023

Obviously a music in which blacks were the primary creators and whites often the imitators. Black and white musicians generally did not play in the same ensembles during jazz’s formative years, although performers often heard each other’s performances. Equally obvious, jazz was a music of raw emotions-of hard luck and good times, of lust and loneliness. At first, neither jazz nor the places where it was played fell under the control of respectable whites. The morally and culturally subversive aspects of jazz stirred anxieties that fueled a long-running public controversy in the 1920s. Understanding the debate over jazz enables us to journey into the past meaning of the music for those who played and heard it and-equally significant-to a deeper knowledge of American values in a time of transition.
“All The Lights Were Tinted Green Or Red”; Location And Setting For Jazz Performance
Authors: Ogren Kathy J
Published: November 2023

Primed for jazz entertainment. All the locations associated with jazz in the 1920s represented a transition between turn-of-· the-century working-class entertainment and new middle-class urban leisure activities. The brothel, bawdy house, and honkytonk gave way to the cabaret and nightclub. Some jazz locations also developed in response to the needs of black migrants from the South. These environments can be seen as marginal zones in which patrons, particularly from the middle class, could escape normative social expectations and experiment with new public roles. Just as performances on the streets and in honky-tonks or strid piano bars helped shape early ragtime and jazz, so too, did new locations in the urban areas shape exchanges between performers and audiences.
Prudes And Primitives: White Americans Debate Jazz
Authors: Ogren Kathy J
Published: November 2023

Idealism through symmetrical patterns, represented in music by the relationship of melody, harmony, and rhythm. Jazz, to them, had simplistic melodies and syncopated rhythms characteristic of popular, and therefore inferior, music. They did not conceive of it as an alternative aesthetic. American composer and critic Virgil Thomson took jazz seriously enough to analyze its formal qualities. But he also saw it invading American preserves of decency and decorum. According to Thomson, the spread of jazz took place largely because of the popularity of dancing. He singled out the fox trot as a symbol of the “disturbance that shook all of polite society when the lid of segregation was taken off of vice and the bordello irrupted into the drawing room.”40 According to Thomson, jazz passed into orchestra sensibilities because of “union musicians who play one night at the movie, and the next night with the local symphony orchestra,” and thereby get the styles confused.
Prologue: Standing in the Legend
Authors: Findly Ellison Banks
Published: November 2023

This is the story of an immigrant girl from Kandahar, born on a caravan traveling from Tehran to India. Noble in lineage, her parents had fled misfortune in Persia but soon flourished again at the Mughal court of Akbar. Married early to a Turkish soldier, Mihrunnisa was widowed in 1607 and was taken in as a handmaiden by the imperial harem in Agra. After four years of obscurity, the woman who came to be Nur Jahan met Jahangir at a palace bazaar in the spring of 1611 and the two were married a few months later. She was in her midthirties, had already had one child, and was to be Jahangir’s last and most influential wife. Almost at once, Nur Jahan and her cohorts took control of the government as Jahangir bowed to the effects of alcohol and opium. She minted coins, traded with foreign merchants, managed promotions and finances at the court, orchestrated new developments in art and religion, and laid out many of the Mughal gardens we now know. Her power over the emperor and in government affairs was almost complete, but came at the cost of internal tensions. Midway through the reign, her stepson Shah Jahan went into open rebellion and her ruling coalition fell apart as the couple increasingly spent their months in Kashmir. By the time Jahangir died in 1627, splintering at the familial center was so substantial that she had no real chance for power in the next reign. Nur Jahan was exiled to Lahore where she lived in seclusion with her daughter until her death in 1645.
Basic Concepts
Authors: Norell Staffan E
Published: November 2023

In 1753, James Lind described the occurrence of scurvy in relation to environmental conditions and dietary habits on board the ship Salisbury. On the basis of these observations, he conducted experimental studies showing that scurvy could be prevented and successfully treated by adding oranges and lemons to the diet (Lind 1753). But long before Lind’s discovery, Hippocrates (about 460-377 B.c.) in his famous “Airs, waters, and places” mentioned observations about environmental factors and disease occurrence as a basis for making predictions and securing health (Jones 1948).
Asking the Right Questions
Authors: Norell Staffan E
Published: November 2023

“What are the causes of disease?” An obvious purpose of asking and trying to answer this question is to understand how disease arises (a scientific purpose). In addition, there are practical purposes: to prevent the occurrence of disease (a purpose of preventive medicine and public health) and to provide effective treatment of disease (a purpose of clinical medicine). An early example of the closeness between epidemiologic science, prevention, and treatment is found in Goldberger’s studies of pellagra in 1914–1929 (Terris 1964).
Obtaining Information on Exposures
Authors: Norell Staffan E
Published: November 2023

Information should be obtained on exposures, including potential con founders and factors that could influence misclassification or selection. Information should also be obtained on modifiers. As a first step, each exposure of interest is defined. Sometimes the theoretical definition should be supplemented by an empirical definition (or indicator), to be used as a basis for the collection of exposure information ( cf. Chapter 1: Misclassification). For each exposure, at least two categories are defined: “exposed” and “unexposed.” Different aspects of the exposure may have to be taken into account (cf. Chapter 2, Introduction: Exposure).
Associated Buildings
Authors: Hamilton C Mark
Published: November 2023

Four types of specialized church buildings made their appearance in the nineteenth century: the endowment house, the priesthood hall, the Relief Society hall, and the tithing office. Each was built in response to a specific liturgical, administrative, or auxiliary need. The endowment house and the priesthood hall were exclusive to the nineteenth century, while the Relief Society hall and the tithing office continued to function into the early decades of the twentieth. Eventually, each was abandoned because of the completion of the temples, changes in church practices, and the expanded role of meetinghouses.
Domestic Architecture
Authors: Hamilton C Mark
Published: November 2023

In Mormonism and the concept of Zion, the family is central. Church doctrine pertaining to the family is based on the continuation of the family unit after death, and to Mormons, eternal life is the opportunity to live with God as a family unit. Because of this eternal emphasis, the home takes on an even greater meaning to the Mormons than it does in most societies. Their children are nurtured and instructed in the teachings and practices of the church to prepare them to be the next generation of faithful members. However, the importance affixed to the family was not necessarily translated into significant domestic architecture. For the most part, the Saints’ early designs were based more on existing vernacular forms than on current stylistic trends, yet they were a vital aspect of nineteenth-century Mormon history and material culture.
Peripheral Buildings
Authors: Hamilton C Mark
Published: November 2023

The emphasis that the church leaders placed on education, cultural pursuits, and civic involvement was integral to the success of “the Kingdom of God.” And the strong focus on these activities resulted in other building types. By the 1850s and 1860s, schools, theaters, and civic buildings were being added to the ecclesiastical vocabulary of temples, tabernacles, and meetinghouses. Based primarily on economy of construction and practical functionalism, these structures were for the most part not architecturally distinguished. Vernacular became the accepted form, consistent with much of Mormon architecture before the death of Brigham Young in 1877. Even so, these buildings were an important part of nineteenth-century Mormon architecture.
Malignancies
Authors: Stiller Charles A
Published: November 2023

Although the incidence of cancer in childhood is very low compared with that among adults, it accounts for a substantial proportion of deaths among children in industrialized countries. In England and Wales during 1989, the agestandardized mortality rate for neoplasms among children aged 1 to 14 was 40 per million. Neoplasms were certified as the underlying cause of 16% of all deaths in this age range, making them the second most important cause of death after accidents. All but 3% were malignant.
Representation of Ethnicity Among Colonial Pennsylvania Germans
Authors: Parsons William T
Published: November 2023

Ethnicity among the German element of Pennsylvania must be judged against a value system different from those held by other ethnic groups in the commonwealth. The fact was that no unified political Germany existed in modem Europe until 1871. So when German ethnic settlement began in Pennslyvania in 1683, it recollected a cultural and linguistic base rather than a political framework
Psychological Impact of Genetic Testing
Authors: Lerman Robert T Croyle Caryn
Published: November 2023

Our knowledge of hereditary disease has increased dramatically in the past two decades (see Table 2.1). In addition, advances in molecular biology have led to the identification of genes for disease susceptibility and DNA-based diagnostic tests for identifying carriers of deleterious genes. As a result, programs for genetic screening and counseling have become widespread. The provision of genetic information in medical practice has the potential to facilitate patients’ informed decision making about reproduction and personal risk modification. As such, these advances have profound implications for reducing the incidence of genetic disorders and for reducing morbidity and mortality through early detection of disease in individuals at risk.
Toward an Understanding of the Psychological Conse quences of Screening
Authors: Marteau Theresa M
Published: November 2023

Studies of the psychological effects of screening reveal some unexpected findings. The emotional impact of screening in high-risk groups for conditions for which no treatment is available is often less severe than expected. By contrast, high levels of distress are evident in people recalled on population-based screening programs. Attempts to reduce or keep risks low by encouraging people to alter their behavior following screening have not been very successful. That these findings have caused some surprise suggests a need to develop better models from which to understand and predict responses to receipt of information about threats to health.
Chapter 04
Authors: Stannard David E
Published: November 2023

In The Area around the town of Barquicimeto, in the lowlands near the northern coast of Venezuela, a mysterious fire like a will o’ the wisp sometimes seems to be burning in the marshes. It is, tradition has it, the “soul of the traitor Lope de Aguirre [who] wanders in the savannahs, like a flame that flies the approach of men.”
Women’s Rights and States’ Rights: Dissension zn “the Solid South”
Authors: Wheeler Marjorie Spruill
Published: November 2023

The leaders of the woman suffrage movement in the South had much in common: a similar lineage, a heritage of noblesse oblige, a high estimate of the nature and potential of women, and a determination to improve woman’s position in society. They differed on the race issue, but all believed that white supremacy in politics was a necessity in their time. And they presented a united front to a public much concerned about “the negro problem.”
Bitter Fruit: An Incomplete Victory, Courtesy of Uncle Sam
Authors: Wheeler Marjorie Spruill
Published: November 2023

As the end of the long struggle for woman suffrage approached, those who opposed the Nineteenth Amendment were bitter, disappointed in their fellow suffragists, and dismayed that the success of the reform to which they had devoted so many years helped undermine another cherished political ideal—state sovereignty. Most Southern suffragists, however, were jubilant at the ratification, though their celebration was dampened by the fact that so many of them had to be enfranchised by courtesy of Uncle Sam. In the states that refused to ratify, suffragists ruefully acknowledged their failure to win recognition of the political equality of women at home. Their experience in the ratification fight further alienated them from the concept of state sovereignty, which Southern politicians were upholding so selectively. Indignant that their bid for recognition as “fit” voters had been rebuffed, they accused the politicians of wanting to withhold from women what the women most desired, the power to promote “justice” in their states and region. Most Southern suffragists were convinced that in its attitude toward women’s rights as well as toward states’ rights, the South must divest itself of “moss-backed traditions” and look to the future instead of the past.
The Regional Impact Of Global Warming In Mexico: Uncertainty, Vulnerability And Response
Authors: Liverman Diana
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores what global warming may signify for Mexico, a country with the eleventh largest population and thirteenth largest land area in the world. It will use the case of Mexico to argue that understanding and responding to the regional impacts of global warming requires not only the best possible estimates of how the climate will change, but also a detailed analysis of the vulnerability of society to these changes. The impacts of a climate change on environment and society are determined as much, if not more, by the characteristics of the regions and people affected as by the nature of the climate change itself.
Potential Impacts Of Climate Change On Human Settlement Patterns In The West And Central African (WACAF) Region: Response Strategies
Authors: Ogbuagu Stella C
Published: November 2023

Climatic conditions tend to dictate the pattern of human settlements, such that extremes of climate generally inhibit huge concentrations of human populations. For example, the polar and desert regions of the world attract the sparcest of human settlements. Furthermore, when people settle communities and initiate other social, economic and political activities, some kind of equilibrium is established between them and the environment/climate. It follows that, when such a balance is altered as a consequence of, say, climate change, serious readjustment problems can be anticipated. It is in this regard that the issue of the impacts of climate change on human settlements in the West and Central African (WACAF) region is examined.
Methodology For Assessing Regional Economic Impacts Of And Responses To Climate Change: The Mink Study
Authors: Rosenberg Norman J , Crosson Pierre R , Easterling ID, William E , McKenney Mary S , Frederick Kenneth D , Bowes Michael
Published: November 2023

Scientists believe that a serious change in the climate of the earth could occur in the course of the next two to five decades as a result of warming caused by the rapid accumulation of radiatively active trace gases in the atmosphere (Bolin et al., 1986; IPCC, 1990; Schneider and Rosenberg, 1989). There is concern that not only the amount of warming but the rate at which it occurs could be unprecedented, at least since the current interglacial period began.
The Impact Of Climate Change On Rice Variety Selection In Thailand
Authors: Panturat Suwanna , Eddy Amos
Published: November 2023

This chapter is concerned with the impact of global warming on rice production in Thailand. Rice is Thailand’s principal staple and the major agricultural export crop, ac counting for approximately 18 percent of the agricultural export income for the year 1988 (Chuprakob, 1989). Approximately 70 per cent of the population depends on agriculture. Forty percent of Thailand’s total land area is devoted to growing crops, of which 62 per cent is rice. About 70 percent of the planted area is rainfed and single cropped during the wet season. 12
Understanding And Responding To Global Climate Change In Fragile Resource Zones
Authors: Jodha N S
Published: November 2023

Judging by the amount of scientific discourse, the number of political resolutions, and the interest generated in the mass media, the projected global climate change, resulting from increased emissions of CO2 and other trace gases, is one of the major concerns in the world today. This is not without cause because, if these changes continue unabated, they will have the potential to erode all of the gains made by our current civilization. The phenomenon has elicited widespread concern, considerable resource allocation, serious scientific work and numerous exercises in policy advocacy. Despite these efforts, the progress, in terms of sufficient understanding of the phenomena and concrete steps to abate and adapt to the changes they produce, is extremely slow and insignificant.
Global Climate Change: The Role Of Developing Countries
Authors: Goldemberg José
Published: November 2023

Less developed countries (LDCs) contribute to CO2 emissions in two distinct ways: fossil fuel burning and deforestation. Carbon dioxide emissions from both developed and developing countries are responsible for 55 percent of the greenhouse effect and the resulting potential climate changes.
The Bright Lights
Authors: Allen Irving Lewis
Published: November 2023

The lights of the city are the ancient symbol of the contrast of city life to the dullness of rural areas and small towns. In the modern, industrial city, the brilliant artificial lights were, further, a symbol of transcendence—and deliverance—from tradition. The bright lights stood for gaiety, pleasure, and new style in contrast to the boredom and strictures of traditional social roles and ways of life. The righteous may have seen the bright lights as just a new form of darkness. But many city people saw them as illuminating the path to the good life.