bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realization of smart city concept through media technology in architecture and urban space: from utopia to reality
Authors: Adonina Anna , Akhmedova Elena , Kandalova Alla
Published: June 2018

This article describes the realization of smart city concept in architectural and urban media spaces. Considerable attention is paid to studying the influence of some parameters of the “smart city”, such as adaptability, mobility, intellectualization, sustainability, security and some others. The article also analyses the elements of utopianism and realism in the application of high technologies in urban reality. The connection is studied between utopian models of ideal city and realized strategy of smart urban development, in which the integration of digital technologies leads to the formation of high-hume communicative space that serves as the locomotive of global changes. The study also identifies four theoretical models of media space and classification of urban screens according to compositional-planning implementation methods. As a result of the research, a hypothesis is suggested that there are some key factors and conditions furthering the implementation of the “smart city” concept, as exemplified by the creation of media spaces in urban environment. In addition, a conclusion is made about the prospects of using media technologies in the city on the example of Samara.
Spatial Aspects of Urban Planning: A Case Study for Saint-Petersburg Agglomeration
Authors: Garmanov Vitaly , Bogdanov Vladimir , Badenko Vladimir , Zaikin Vladimir
Published: June 2018

The spatial structure of the St. Petersburg metropolitan area and the system development of the territory based on the Master Urban Development Plan of St. Petersburg was analyzed. Perspective territories for housing, located in the north-west and south of the city were examined. The structure of housing development in the first agglomeration zone was described. Alluvial territories in the Gulf of Finland near the city for housing development was analyzed.
Innovation processes management and its efficiency for area development
Authors: Chirkunova Ekaterina , Belanova Natalya , Kornilova Anna , Ryduk Natalya
Published: June 2018

Nowadays an industrial complex efficiency depends on many factors, but the essential condition here is an innovative activity of enterprises and regions. Only this innovative activity makes it possible to provide competitive advantages both at the national and at the world economy levels. To improve economic performance, it is necessary that economic entities operating in various spheres of industrial production intensify innovation activities to strengthen and develop their market positions. It should also be taken into account that this is a two-sided process, as, on the one hand, regional conditions influence realization of industry innovative potential, and, on the other hand, innovative processes influence effective area development. The paper aims to analyze the main innovative processes taking place in the region and to estimate the efficiency of clustering while using expert analysis and performance indicators of each cluster.
Functional and spatial model of university complexes transformation into structural elements of Samara-Togliatti agglomeration innovative development cluster
Authors: Akhmedova Elena , Zhogoleva Anna
Published: June 2018

The article explores the actual cluster approach to the planning of agglomeration territories sustainable development. The authors in their research investigate the notion of sustainable territorial development as the development of urban planning structures basing on the frame of the educational, industrial, financial and economic information exchange nets built in the structure of the agglomeration. Such a subject-oriented frame must not be formed as rigid, constant, and static; its flexibility and variability, complementarity and interchangeability of its knots and elements allow the urban planning system sustaining and developing itself. The conclusion is drawn in the article that the urban planning development policy of Samara-Togliatti agglomeration (basing on cluster strategies) will enable the universities of the region (including the flagship university, national research university) to form the platform of innovative cluster infrastructure of the region and agglomeration.
Measurement errors of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency in urban areas
Authors: Amirkhanyan Mariya , Bryukhan Fedor
Published: June 2018

The universal development of electrical grid infrastructure of the cities leads to an increase in the level of electromagnetic pollution of residential and especially industrial areas. Concern of the urban population about human exposure to potential danger of negative influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF) causes the need for large-scale EMF research in urban areas. To conduct this type of study, the estimates of measurement errors of intensities of the electrical and magnetic components of the EMF should be performed. The goal of this research is to assess the EMF measurement errors of the industrial frequency in urban areas. The error estimation of EMF measurements generated by power line communication was performed using the section of the territory of Moscow’s North East, as an example. The main statistical characteristics of measurement errors were determined. It is found that, when performing 3 series of measuring, the errors reduce by 1.5-3 times. When strong EMF intensities exist, it is recommended to carry out not one but a series of measurements with subsequent averaging of the results in each investigated point of the area.
Zoning of the territory with snow removal using snow melting plants
Authors: Ivanova Anastasia , Pavlov Sergey , Akimov Luka , Zakharova Lidya
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the issue of clearing the territory of snow with the use of snow melting units is being considered. The operating principle of the snow-melting stations is based on sewage heat) melting the snow collected in the snow collection chambers. Snow melt water mixed with wastewater is discharged into the collectors and transported to have a full treatment cycle at the wastewater treatment plant. Three problems of urban snow-melting process are considered. The solution of three problems is proposed: compiling a list of signs of mandatory snow removal zones; the allocation of the main zones corresponding to the proposed features; method of determining the amount of snow that is mandatory for export from the territory of the zone.
Design and Improvement of foundation soil for high-rise construction
Authors: Fahmi Kwa Sally , Fattah Mohammed Y. , Pustovgar Andrey
Published: June 2018

The assessments were made in the current practice based on the design foundation of high-rise buildings in Moscow to find a method for improving the soil foundation. Many references showed that the current design was controlled by structural engineers. They commonly used the old methods of analysis, the first part was carried out for the design of the structure and architecture of high-rise building, the second part of the study was to explore the benefit of adopting the application of stone columns raft foundation design concept. A comparative study was made between the results of the 3-dimensional finite element (3D FEM) analysis in SCAD software. The results showed that the plate foundation of the building does not satisfy to carry the total load without some meaning of improvement. The 3D FEM by PLAXIS 3D showed that the used stone columns decreased the settlement because about 70-80% of the total building loads were carried by columns when the raft was placed in the stiff clay layer. The number of columns in the raft foundation can be significantly reduced, particularly if the soil had strong characteristics. The raft foundation settlement can be significantly reduced, particularly if the soil had strong characteristics.
Prognostication of relations between the buildings age and deterioration of construction
Authors: Novitckii Dmitrii , Romanovich Marina , Makhov Dmitry
Published: June 2018

The untimely reconstruction of the building can lead to its liquidation, despite the intrinsic value. Such measures can be prevented if a competent program for organizing reconstruction is present. To create an organizational and technological model of reconstruction, it is necessary to know the parametric dependencies of the characteristics of the studied buildings. To analyze the data on the conditions of existing houses, a mathematical model is used, built in the 3d table curve software. 55 houses were selected, 11 buildings in 5 districts of St. Petersburg. Using of the equations obtained, it is possible to predict the deterioration of structural elements in the future using the described method. The most important thing is the organization of timely actions on the basis of projected data: planned repair and reconstruction.
Sanitation of the buildings of the first mass series in Arkhangels
Authors: Brenchukova Nina , Popova Olga , Murgul Vera
Published: June 2018

The aim of the research is to analyze heat losses through the outward enclosing constructions of the buildings of the first mass series before and after the sanitation. As measures for sanitation, walls, ceilings, attic and ground floors were chosen for the insulation, as well as replacement of old wooden windows in polyvinylchloride windows with double-glazed pane, replacement of wooden entrance doors in warmed metal ones. Materials for insulation are chosen in accordance with the climatic features of Arkhangelsk. The calculations were carried out in accordance with the requirements of modern regulatory documents. Based on the obtained data, as well as the duration of the heating period and the current tariff, the amount of savings in thermal energy is determined. This information allows to conclude that the proposed activities are energy-efficient. Savings on heating after sanation: for «Stalin’s serie», will be 272 thousand rubles, for «Khrushchev’s serie» - about 410 thousand rubles and for «Brezhnev’s serie» - 930 thousand rubles in year.
Prospects of electric heating applying in Russian cities to ensure their sustainable development
Authors: Okorokov Roman , Timofeeva Anna
Published: June 2018

One of the stable trends in development of the world electric power industry is the transition from monotony to diversity in its evolution. It is characterized by a wide range of the strategic tasks solved by a set of the used energy resources and a changing spectrum of the possible energy technologies. However in the thermal energy supply of consumers in Russia for almost 100 years there is practically the only system of water heat supply that does not meet modern ecological, anthropogenic, technological and social requirements which motivated authors to conduct research on the alternative system of electrical heating. Materials for the study of the two heat supply systems were the actual parameters of alternative systems and their implication in technological and economic spheres as well as the impact on environmental indicators. Research methods include system approach, analysis of statistical data and authors’ estimates. Result of comparing of the two alternative heat supply system is the classification of their positive and negative factors at the qualitative and quantitative levels of assessment. The conducted research has shown the significant advantages of the new electric heat supply system which is more in line with the requirements of sustainable development of Russian cities, preserves health and improves quality of life of their inhabitants.
Danger of underground erosion and sinking of the building of pumped storage energy plant in Zagorsk
Authors: Lavrusevich Andrey
Published: June 2018

Using the probabilistic approach, authors consider the case of development of a dangerous geological phenomenon i.e. the large underground erosive channel, induced by a mechanical suffusion during construction of the pumped storage energy plant in Zagorsk (PSEP-2). Formation of the erosive channel has led to the formation of cavities with the diameter up to 10 metres in the middle and upper-quarternary, suffusion-unstable, the fluvial-and-glacial and lake-glacial deposits of the Moscow and Dnieper moraine. Thin deposits were the bearing basis of the concrete construction of the dam of PSEP-2 in Zagorsk. The lack of proper consideration of difficult engineering-and-geological conditions and the subsequent formation of emptiness has led to the unilateral draft of the building of PSEP-2 in Zagorsk. Draft of the building of PSEP-2 in Zagorsk has detained the start-up of the building into maintenance and has resulted in significant economic damage.
Providing acoustic comfort of built-up zones and rooms in urban planning
Authors: Bespalov Vadim , Samarskaya Natalia , Lysova Ekaterina , Akay Oksana
Published: June 2018

The article discusses topical issues of acoustic comfort ensuring on residential areas in urban planning. The main problems in this area are identified, as well asa new approach to their solution is proposed. The physical and energy approach, proposed by the authors in the article, had been previously used in the field of air dedusting. In the authors' opinionusing the physical-energy approach to solve problems of providing acoustic comfort, it is possible to ensure environmental safety in urban planning. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the main sources of acoustic discomfort in the urban environment, the physical parameters of sound waves; the physical essence of the acoustic pollution process is investigated, and the stages of formation, emission, and propagation of sound waves are identified. The authors propose a mathematical dependence that expresses the probability of realizing the process of acoustic impact on the surrounding urban environment. Also, the main directions of further research are presented.
Reasonability to use device for making horizontal wedge thrust of rolling stand
Authors: Artiukh Viktor , Mazur Vladlen , Kargin Sergey , Bushuev Nikolay
Published: June 2018

Necessity and reasonability to use gapless connection between contact surfaces of lining straps of work rolls chocks and facing strips of housings (inner lining straps of back-up rolls chocks) to reduce dynamic horizontal forces during rolling and increase durability of equipment are considered. Technical solution is described on base of roughing reversing rolling stand of thick sheet rolling mill 3000 of PJSC ‘ILYICH iron and steel works’ (Mariupol city, Ukraine) which can be used on most heavy loaded sheet and tube rolling mills.
Moisture behavior calculation of single-layer enclosing structure by means of discrete-continuous method
Authors: Gagarin Vladimir , Akhmetov Vadim , Zubarev Kirill
Published: June 2018

The paper proposes mathematical model for unsteady-state moisture behaviour calculation of single-layer enclosing structures by means of moisture potential and discrete-continuous method. A formula for moisture potential value calculation for single-layer enclosing structure in any enclosing structure section, at any moment of time, under continuous control for temperature distribution, has been derived. Moisture transfer between the enclosing structure and ambient air is taken into account by means of third-kind boundary conditions. Temperature distribution is taken as constant during a month. The proposed method allows for moisture potential determination according to the proposed formula for every month. Calculation results obtained by the proposed method, well-known unsteady-state method and engineering method developed by V.G. Gagarin and V.V.Kozlov have been compared for single-layer enclosing structure made of aerated concrete. It was shown that average value calculation results disagreement does not exceed 7% for the proposed method and unsteady-state method. However, the proposed approach allows for moisture distribution determination using analytical expression, which is convenient for use in engineering practice.
The clays after heat treatment as the concrete active mineral additive
Authors: Bazhenova Olga , Bazhenova Sofia , Nemirova V. , Bazhenov Dmitriy
Published: June 2018

Active mineral additives are one of the most common components of cement systems now. They are entered cements of increase in extent of hydration, the directed formation of structure of a cement stone from more stable hydrate phases of the lowered basicity, for the purpose of improvement of construction and technical properties of cements, by cutting of costs of fuel raw material resources for their production, giving to cements of some specific properties. In work the possibility of use as active mineral additives not only the granulated slags, but also local clays which industrially can give certain puzzolan properties are considered. It is proved that heat treatment of clay breeds significantly increases their puzzolan activity that does them suitable for use as active mineral additive instead of the domain granulated slag by production of the portland cement.
Adapters for metallurgical equipment
Authors: Artiukh Viktor , Mazur Vladlen , Kargin Sergey , Zakharova Lidya
Published: June 2018

New type of shock absorbers named as ‘adapter’ and prospects of their usage for reduction of contact stress maximum values in assemblies and details of metallurgical equipment are considered. Some industrial examples of adapters usage are shown.
Technological parameter optimization of multilayer enclosure structures with the multiple-criteria decision analysis
Authors: Korol Elena , Mostovoy Daniil , Pleshivcev Alexander
Published: June 2018

Nowadays modern monolithic construction is moving toward in balanced structural safety improving, energy efficiency and cost reduction with no-loss in quality characteristics. All this trends are possible due to bearing and enclosure wall construction technology optimization. Construction process efficiency is closely bounded with innovative material using both with a selection of effective work technology. To determine and justify the choice of material and construction technology researches are conducted. To select the most effective combination in the construction of enclosing building design, a multiple-criteria decision analysis of the work processability is used. The conducted numerical researches and the analysis of results have revealed that the most effective solution from the point of view of construction manufacturability of building enclosing structures and also which corresponds to the requirement of building heat protection is the using of monolith sandwich – multi-layered monolithic structure with a low-thermal conductivity concrete as a monolithic thermal insulation layer.
System analysis of the quality of meshes in HBIM
Authors: Fateeva Elizaveta , Badenko Vladimir , Fedotov Alexandr , Kochetkov Ivan
Published: June 2018

Historical Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is nowadays used as a means to collect, store and preserve information about historical buildings and structures. The information is often collected via laser scanning. The resulting point cloud is manipulated and transformed into a polygon mesh, which is a type of model very easy to work with. This paper looks at the problems associated with creating mesh out of point clouds depending on various characteristics in context of façade reconstruction. The study is based on a point cloud recorded via terrestrial laser scanning in downtown Bremen, Germany that contains buildings completed in a number of different architectural styles, allowing to extract multiple architectural features. Analysis of meshes' quality depending on point cloud density was carried out. Conclusions were drawn as to what the rational solutions for effective surface extraction can be for each individual building in question. Recommendations on preprocessing of point clouds were given.
The using of ion exchange method of Urban Territories’ sub-surface waters purification in Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Fedorova Svetlana , Kryzhanovsky Anatolii
Published: June 2018

The urgency of the conducted studies is dictated by the problem of Urban Territories’ sub-surface waters purification providing in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) population with drinking water, which can be partly solved by involving the sub-surface waters of the Yakutian artesian basin in the domestic and drinking water supply systems. The chemical composition feature of the under-ground waters under consideration, which substantially complicates their widespread use for domestic and drinking purposes, is the increased content of lithium, fluorine and sodium. The main research objective is to develop an effective method for clearing the sub-permafrost waters of the Yakutian artesian basin from lithium compounds, which can be used in water treatment systems for domestic and drinking purposes. As a result of the experimental studies on the sub-permafrost water purification of casting by the ion exchange method, its content reduced from 0.5 to 0.01 mg / l, which fully met the requirements for drinking water. On the basis of the results obtained, a comprehensive scheme for the sub-permafrost waters purification of the Yakutian artesian basin from lithium, fluorine and sodium was developed for the purpose of household and drinking water supply.
Tran boundary Pool of the Irtysh River: Problems’ Solutions of Municipal Facilities and Urban Development
Authors: Vinokurov Yuriy , Krasnoyarova Bella
Published: June 2018

The relevance of the study, due to the water difficult environmental situation increasing in the transboundary river basin (TRB) of Irtysh is related to the failure to address the issues of coordinated water use in the certain national segments: the Irtysh basin and its large left tributaries, the rivers Ishim and Tobol within the borders of Kazakhstan, China and Russia. The purpose of the study is to assess current processes of the water management system in the TRB formation and functioning, to identify current and potential problems of water use and to find ways to eliminate neutralize and prevent them in the future. The leading methods of research are system-dialectical, which provides for the water management systems study of the basin in question at the stage of formation, functioning and future development; as well as a comparative geographic method aimed at identifying and analyzing individual water management systems of the Irtysh TRB. Results of the study: The main water management problems in the Irtysh TBD were identified, their evaluation was determined and the their manifestation features in each of the identified national natural and economic subsystems were determined, the directions of their coordinated decision by all basin countries based on the methodology of strategic management adopted and widely implemented by the international scientific community. The significance of the study showed the severity of water management problems and the asymmetry of their solutions in different national segments of the Irtysh TRB, mainly due to incompleteness of the institutional environment for water resources management and inconsistency of the countries interests within its borders.
GIS use in solving water supplying and water environmental problems of Urban Territories
Authors: Kurepina Nadezhda , Rybkina Irina
Published: June 2018

Geoinformation systems (GIS) are actively used in modern scientific research, including the field of Urban Territories’ management. The lack of a universal methodology for their application requires an individual approach in the study of water management and water and environmental problems in the region. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate concrete examples of GIS successful use in solving some water supplying problems. One of the leading research methods is geoinformation-cartographic modeling, which has a wide range of possibilities and contributes to the effective solution of water-related and water-ecological regional problems. The developed algorithm for GIS using in solving regional water, a step-by-step procedure organizes for carrying out research work, the presented structure of the thematic database facilitates the systematizatin of thematic data large volume with the base a GIS project is created, where information is integrated, calculations, and a cartographic model is created that visualizes the regional water management and water-e logical situation. The research examples carried out in the Institute of Hydrometeorology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch) on regional water management and water ecological problems by means of GIS and using the method of geoinformation-cartographic modeling considered in this paper prove the effectiveness and their use expediency.
Influence of the Environmental Factors on the Coastal Zones Formation in the Siberian Urban Territories
Authors: Ketova Eugenia , Burilo Nadezhda
Published: June 2018

The coastal zones of Siberian large cities are characterized by high demand at various historical stages. Coastal territories are considered as potential reserves of the urban environment, their functions have great dynamics and high natural potential. The objective of the research is identifying the influence of environmental factors on the zones’ landscape and town planning reorganization in the structure of the Siberian large cities' coastal territories. Research methods are an integrated approach which involves considering the research object as an element of a single town-planning structure, excluding the possibility of making limited and incomplete decisions. The study results are to build a green river facade as proposing solutions to environmental problems of “buffr zones”. Significance of the study is to preserve the environmental balance of the large Siberian Rivers’ territories. This comprehensive approach involves consideration of the research object as an element of a single town-planning structure. First of all it requires the identification of optimal territories for placing point objects in a complex terrain territory and choosing the most cost-effective and efficient reconstruction and revitalization methods, within the development of methods for their application in local conditions.
Application of physical and energetic approach to estimation and selection of atmospheric protection systems for energetic devices
Authors: Lysova Ekaterina , Paramonova Oksana , Samarskaya Natalia , Gyrova Oksana , Tsarevskaya Irina
Published: June 2018

The air basin of cities is subjected to considerable pollution, including waste gases generated during the production of thermal and electric energy by power plants. However, power plants are an indispensable element of the life support system on urban areas and they can not be taken out of the city, that means minimizing losses, both material and energy. Therefore, the problem of the correct choice of structural elements and operating characteristics of the process and a system for reducing air pollution is becoming very important. The paper analyzes the most well-known and practical scientific approaches to the selection of optimal measures to reduce air pollution, their advantages and disadvantages are revealed. The authors have singled out the physical and energetic approach as the most acceptable one. The approach is based on the theory of dispersed systems stability, the analysis of the main provisions which allowed us to systematize the parameters of properties, energy parameters and stability of gaseous pollutants formed during the operation of power plants and to construct a scheme for the transformation of gaseous pollutants for the process of reducing air pollution has been performed. At the same time, stability is the resultant criterion characterizing the gaseous pollutants behavior.
Thermal Balance in the Process of Fresh Water Production from Atmospheric Air Using the Sea Waves Renewable Energy
Authors: Mironov Victor , Ivanyushin Yuriy , Zhernakov Evgeniy , Mironov Dmitriy
Published: June 2018

Climatic changes and man-induced environmental load cause to a shortage of drinking quality fresh water. Upon that, fresh water sufficiency is one of the preconditions for quality assurance in adequate living standards as well as for domestic and foreign political stability especially in developing countries. A lot of technologies of fresh drinking water production are known today. Most of them involve significant power consumption and endanger to environment. As a rule these technologies use non-renewable hydrocarbons as power source. The author-developed technology of fresh drinking water obtaining from atmospheric air involves the use of clean renewable energy of the sea. This article bases the method of water production from the air. It is also describes technology implementation energy balance.
Assessment of urban environment safety for public health
Authors: Molev Mikhail , Zanina Irene , Chertov Yuri , Shemetov Alexey
Published: June 2018

The article describes the results of scientific research in the sphere of urban techno-sphere pollution caused by industrial enterprises activity and vehicles gases. It is shown that transport influences greatly the air environment pollution in Russian cities. Methodological approaches to assessing the health risks for urban residents are described. The main statements of the methodology managing the health risks of the urban population are given.
Energy efficiency in municipal waste treatment
Authors: Vialkova Elena , Zemlyanova Marina , Danilov Oleg
Published: June 2018

The article presents the efficient method of microwave irradiation (SHF) for the municipal liquid waste such as domestic wastewater and sludge. The technical and economic parameters and experimental data, showing the possibilities of microwave electromagnetic radiation using in the sewage and sediment treatment technologies, are given in this article. The traditional electrothermal treatment and SHF processing of the municipal precipitation, taken from the city wastewater treatment plant, have been compared. At the same time, a high rate of heating of the precipitation samples has been noted during the microwave treatment. The technical and economic comparison of three methods (with the usage of the reagents, convection heating and SHF) showed the advantages of using SHF range electromagnetic radiation. The energy efficiency and the cost-effective use of resources during the SHF using for liquid municipal waste treatment have been confirmed.
The impact of huge transport PPP projects on Russian Federation socio-economic development
Authors: Sablina Alisa , Dubolazov Viktor
Published: June 2018

This article describes the main impact peculiarities of huge transport projects implemented by public-private partnership on Russian Federation socio - economic development. The research was based on the deep data analysis of changing socio-economic indicators of six different Russian regions (including regions of different federal districts), where were implemented (or are being implemented) of huge transport infrastructure projects, implemented by public-private partnership over the past 10 years. The method of statistical data analysis, obtained in the research, was conduct by using STATISTICA software package, Federal state statistics service information and Public-private partnership platform of infrastructural projects in Russian Federation.
Main stages of effective transport management system modernization in Russian agglomerations
Authors: Schwetsov Vladimir , Burmistrov Andrey , Morozov Vsevolod
Published: June 2018

This article presents main problems typical for the transport management system in Russia. Characteristics of the barriers hampering the infrastructure projects implementation are described; possibilities for overcoming these barriers are indicated. An approach is proposed for effective modernization of transport management systems, including such components as formation of a ‘common language’, use of ‘systems laws’ and system engineering methods. The importance of the first stage including comprehension and formulation of shared values by all participants has been emphasized. The necessity of consistent coordination of the participants’ interests in the transport system development is presented: from the definition of shared values to shared goals and to the general conceptual project guaranteeing achievement of these goals.
Yachting and coastal marine transport development in Black Sea coast of Russia
Authors: Dreizis Yuriy , Potashova Irina
Published: June 2018

Creation of infrastructure for coastal sea passenger transport and yachting along the Black Sea coast of Russia is one of the important direc-tions of development potential of coastal cities. This infrastructure will al-low increasing significantly quality of the recreation, to diversify tourist ac-tivity (tourism, hotel business, etc.). Creation of modern yacht-harbors, re-construction and development of port piers for coastal passenger transport will allow increasing in essence quality of tourism and developing touristic activity in the region. The basic principles are defined for the analysis of re-quirements and existing conditions of the territory and the prospects of de-velopment of the Russian coast. They take into account all aspects of func-tioning of yacht-harbors and port piers as one of the most important ele-ments of development of seaside city.
Classification of Russian cities by levels of road traffic safety: specifics of required management decisions
Authors: Petrov Artur , Petrova Daria
Published: June 2018

The article considers the results of research of accident rate heterogeneity in cities-administrative centers of subjects of Russian Federation (2015, 2016). Using methods of ranging, regression analysis and spatial differentiation these cities were classified into 5 classes on the basis of relative disadvantage in road traffic safety sphere. For each group of cities differentiated recommendations on financing regional road traffic safety programs were suggested.
Le mélanome cutané
Authors: Gesbert Franck , Larue Lionel
Published: June 2018

Le mélanome cutané a pour origine la transformation tumorale des mélanocytes, des cellules pigmentées qui produisent la mélanine et la transmettent aux kératinocytes environnants de la peau, des poils et des cheveux. La fonction principale de la mélanine est de protéger les cellules et leur ADN des dommages causés par les ultraviolets. Le mélanome est le cancer cutané le plus agressif. Son incidence n’a cessé d’augmenter au cours des dernières décennies. Les progrès de la recherche fondamentale ont cependant permis d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension des événements moléculaires et cellulaires responsables de l’initiation et de la progression des mélanomes. Nous présentons dans cette revue un aperçu des connaissances qui ont été acquises ces dernières années et nous montrons comment les progrès récents permettent d’envisager de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques ciblées plus efficaces.
L’horloge circadienne à l’heure Nobel
Authors: Klarsfeld André , Birman Serge , Rouyer François
Published: June 2018

L’attribution du prix Nobel 2017 de physiologie ou médecine à trois chercheurs américains - Jeffrey C. Hall (né le 3 mai 1945 à New York – University of Maine), Michael Rosbash (né le 7 mars 1944 à Kansas City - Brandeis University, Waltham et Howard Hughes Medical Institute) et Michael W. Young (né le 28 mars 1949 à Miami - Rockefeller University, New York), est difficilement contestable, tant ces chercheurs incarnent depuis près de 35 ans, l’émergence, puis le foisonnement des études moléculaires et cellulaires des rythmes circadiens. Mais ce prix a fait bien plus que trois heureux. Il apporte, en effet, une reconnaissance éclatante à un domaine, la chronobiologie, qui a longtemps fait figure, au mieux pour certains, d’aimable curiosité… La difficulté à identifier les rouages des horloges biologiques qui rythment nos jours et nos nuits, ou même à seulement les imaginer, y a bien sûr contribué. C’est pourquoi les travaux de Hall, Rosbash et Young – récompensés « pour leurs découvertes des mécanismes moléculaires qui contrôlent les rythmes circadiens » – ont revêtu une telle importance, même si la voie leur avait été ouverte un peu plus d’une décennie auparavant. Paradoxalement, le grand public a peut-être admis l’existence de nos horloges internes avant la communauté scientifique, car chacun peut faire l’expérience intime de rythmes journaliers, à commencer par l’alternance veille-sommeil, qui s’imposent à lui !
Du locus CRISPR bactérien, une forme d’immunité adaptative, à un outil général d’édition du génome
Authors: Friot Adèle , Dekeyzer Blanche , Guingand Armelle , Guguin Justine , Joly Amélie , Vuillier Sylvia
Published: June 2018

Les Nouvelles suivantes ont été rédigées par les étudiants de Master 1 de biologie de l’École normale supérieure de Lyon à l’issue de l’UE microbiologie moléculaire et structurale (2017-18). Le Master de biologie de l’ENS de Lyon, cohabilité par l’université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, accueille chaque année environ 50 étudiants en M1 et en M2 et propose une formation de haut niveau à la recherche en biosciences. Chaque étudiant y construit son parcours à la carte en choisissant ses options parmi un large panel de modules, favorisant ainsi une approche pluridisciplinaire des sciences du vivant, et ce en relation étroite avec les laboratoires de recherche du tissu local, national et international.

À partir d’articles scientifiques publiés récemment dans le domaine de la microbiologie, les étudiants ont travaillé en binômes ou trinômes, accompagnés par l’équipe pédagogique, pour extraire les principaux messages à retenir de ces articles et les transmettre de façon claire aux lecteurs de médecine/sciences. Le dossier suivant illustre ainsi quelques aspects du système CRISPR/Cas en microbiologie, avec, d’une part, la description de nouveaux systèmes CRISPR/Cas et de leurs fonctions physiologiques chez les bactéries, et, d’autre part, leurs applications en bactériologie pour l’édition de génomes bactériens, mais aussi en virologie pour le criblage pangénomique de facteurs d’hôte pro- ou antiviraux ou pour la génération de modèles animaux.
Aging, cognitive decline, apolipoprotein E and docosahexaenoic acid metabolism
Authors: Plourde Mélanie
Published: June 2018

In Canada, ∼17 millions of adults between 30–64 years old could benefit from a prevention strategy to lower the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). My group is working on a population that is particularly at risk of AD, the carriers of an epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E (E4), a genetic risk. Around 20% of the population in industrial countries have this genetic risk but not all carriers will develop AD, suggesting that environmental factors modulate the clinical manifestation and risk of AD in the carriers. My group has discovered that the metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is disrupted during aging and inE4carriers, a finding replicated in homozygous mice knocked-in for humanE4allele (hAPOE4). We recently showed that a diet containing DHA prevented behavioral deficits inhAPOE4mice. Another group reported inE4carriers that the ratio of arachidonic acid (ARA): DHA is disrupted in the plasma and constitute a preclinical marker of mild cognitive impairment/AD inE4carriers. Using our kinetics approaches with uniformly labelled carbon 13 fatty acids, we showed that the kinetics of13C-DHA is modified by age andE4carriage. The kinetics of13C-arachidonic acid was however not modified by age conversely to that of13C-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). We also reported that the synthesis of13C-DHA from13C-EPA started 2 h after the tracer intake in older adults conversely to 7 d in young men. Whether old men needs in DHA is higher or whether their ability to use it is lower remains to be established. These differences in the DHA and EPA metabolism seems, however related to physiological modifications occurring during aging and inE4carriers and obscure the relationship between plasma DHA and EPA levels, dietary fatty fish intake and cognitive status.
Extended trochanteric osteotomy: comparison of 3 modes of fixation: metallic wires, cables, plate, about a series of 157 cases
Authors: Prudhon Jean Louis , Tardy Nicolas
Published: June 2018

Introduction: The trans femoral osteotomy was initially described by Wagner in 1987 and the extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) was described by Younger et al. in 1995 and is considered to be the gold standard technique for removal of well-fixed femoral stems in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this report is:

to compare the different types of fixation metallic wires, cables, metallic reinforcement plate (MRP) we have used in revision THA where an ETO was performed;

analyse the clinical and radiological outcomes of these devices at 1 year;

analyse the complication.

Materialand method: It is a retrospective continuous monocentric series of 157 patients where an ETO was performed. It was fixed by an MRP in 17 patients, cables in 43, metallic wires in 97. The main outcome was the consolidation of the osteotomized femoral flap (OFF). Secondary outcomes were Postel Merle d’Aubigne score and complications occurred at 1 year follow up. Qualitative variable was presented as percentage, quantitative variables as mean or median, standard deviation and range.

Result: 157 patients (73−46, 5% females) were included. Mean age at surgery was 66.7 year (sd = 10.63). Mean interval between index surgery and revision was 11.07 year (sd = 5.67). Causes for revision and bone defects were comparable. At 1 year OFF is healed without displacement in 82% with metallic wires, 70% with cables, 88% with MRP. Not significant.

Discussion: Fixation of the femoral flap is a technical issue in ETO. Metallic wires and cables are the most commonly used to secure the fixation. Fixation with a metallic plate is reported in a few number of articles and may be helpful specially when a fracture of the OFF occurred during surgery.
Expertenstandard „Förderung der Harnkontinenz in der Pflege“ – strategische Überlegungen zur Umsetzung
Authors: Hayder-Beichel Daniela
Published: June 2018

Strategie Von Harninkontinenz betroffene Personen wünschen sich kompetente und an ihrem Alltag orientierte Beratung und Unterstützung. 1 Leitlinien und Expertenstandards bündeln entsprechendes Wissen und sollen die evidenzbasierte Versorgung der Betroffenen
unterstützen. Die pflegefachliche Beratung spielt dabei eine bedeutsame und effektive Rolle. 2, 3 Dennoch existieren national wie international diverse Barrieren in der bedarfsorientierten und evidenzbasierten Hilfe für Personen, die an
Harninkontinenz leiden. Der hier vorliegende Beitrag skizziert diese Barrieren und möchte für eine sinnerfüllte und wissensbasierte Strategie der Umsetzung
werben.
Kontinenzförderung bei Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Kohler Myrta
Published: June 2018

Anpassung Die Empfehlungen im Umgang mit Inkontinenz können bei der Pflege von Menschen mit Demenz nicht vollständig übernommen werden. Sie müssen an die
individuellen Bedürfnisse und insbesondere an die Verhaltensweisen der an Demenz erkrankten Menschen angepasst werden. Dies erfordert eine hohe Kompetenz und
großes Engagement der Pflegepersonen.
Homöopathie und Quaternität
Authors: Winter Norbert
Published: June 2018

Ausgehend von den Diskussionen zwischen W. Pauli und C. G. Jung und der daraus resultierenden quaternitären Weltsicht wird untersucht, inwieweit dieses Modell den Erfahrungen von über 200 Jahren Homöopathiegeschichte gerecht werden kann. Verschiedene Aspekte der Homöopathie werden bezüglich kausaler und akausaler Zusammenhänge erörtert. Letztlich ergibt sich daraus die Notwendigkeit, die Homöopathie als ein Verwobensein von beidem – kausalen und akausalen Elementen – zu begreifen und dementsprechende Gesetzmäßigkeiten und Zusammenhänge zu erkennen.
Schwindel, von der Fahreignung mit Führerschein zum Führerschein ohne Fahreignung: Sind die aktuellen Leitlinien gerechtfertigt?
Authors: Huppert Doreen , Brandt Thomas
Published: June 2018

Die seit dem Jahre 2014 gültigen und verpflichtend anzuwendenden Begutachtungsleitlinien zur Fahreignung von Patienten mit Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen (dort „Störungen des Gleichgewichtssinnes“ genannt) werden kritisch diskutiert. Bei allem Respekt vor der sorgfältigen Arbeit der Expertenkommission, die die Begutachtungsleitlinien erstellt hat – die international nicht ihresgleichen haben – halten wir eine Überarbeitung der geltenden Leitlinien für erforderlich. Die Auflagen für Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen sind unserer Ansicht nach aufgrund der langjährigen Arbeit im Deutschen Schwindel- und Gleichgewichtszentrum der LMU München zu streng und die geforderten beschwerdefreien Intervalle zu lang. Die geltenden Begutachtungsleitlinien schreiben für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 1 („Privatfahrer“) zum Beispiel vor:

1) bei M. Menière (Attacken ohne Prodromi) eine Attackenfreiheit von 2 Jahren, bevor Autofahren wieder möglich ist;

2) bei vestibulärer Migräne ohne Prodromi eine Attackenfreiheit von 3 Jahren.

Für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklassen Gruppe 1 und 2 („Berufsfahrer“) gilt:

3) bei bilateraler Vestibulopathie in der Regel keine Fahreignung;

4) bei zentral-vestibulären Schwindelformen bzw. Okulomotorikstörungen wie Downbeat- oder Upbeat-Nystagmussyndromen ebenfalls in der Regel keine Fahreignung;

5) bei funktionellen (psychogenen) Schwindelformen (z. B. phobischer Schwankschwindel) ist die Fahreignung für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 1 nicht gegeben, wenn Schwindel beim Fahren auftritt, für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 2 besteht in der Regel keine Fahreignung.

Bei vielen Patienten mit episodischem oder chronischem Schwindel sind jedoch die Symptome so gering, dass sie die Fahrtüchtigkeit nicht relevant einschränken oder bei einer Schwindelattacke eine kontrollierte Beendigung des aktiven Fahrens erlauben. Im Vergleich dazu sind die Auflagen für andere Erkrankungen, die mit anfallsartigen Kognitions- und Bewusstseinsstörungen einhergehen wie den Epilepsien, weniger streng (für Fahrer der Fahrerlaubnisklasse Gruppe 1 anfallsfreie Intervalle in Abhängigkeit von der Art bzw. Auslösung des Anfalls 3 Monate bis 1 Jahr), obwohl bei diesen die Fahrtüchtigkeit im Anfall sicher nicht gegeben ist.
Implementierung eines landesweiten telemedizinischen Schlaganfallnetzwerks
Authors: Palm Frederick , Wöhrle Johannes , Maschke Matthias , Spreer Annette , Gröschel Klaus , Treib Johannes , Eicke Martin , Urbanek Christian , Grau Armin
Published: June 2018

Hintergrund Demografischer Wandel, Urbanisierung sowie eine zunehmende Spezialisierung der Akutversorgung von Schlaganfallpatienten erfordern eine Anpassung von Versorgungsstrukturen mit dem Ziel, auch Patienten in ländlichen Regionen leitliniengerecht behandeln zu können.

Methodik Im Frühjahr 2016 wurde ein landesweites telemedizinisches Schlaganfallnetzwerk unter Einbeziehung aller 6 überregionalen Stroke Units im Land Rheinland-Pfalz etabliert. Die Zuständigkeit für den Konsildienst wechselt täglich zwischen den Kliniken und steht rund um die Uhr zur Verfügung. Alle Kriterien des OPS 8.98b werden erfüllt. Am Netzwerk teilnehmen können alle regionalen Stroke Units und Kliniken, die prädefinierte Kriterien erfüllen und nicht in regionaler Konkurrenz mit etablierten Stroke Units stehen.

Ergebnisse Zu Projektbeginn am 01.04. 2016 nahmen 6 Kliniken teil, die alle eine regionale Stroke Unit unter internistischer Leitung besitzen. Innerhalb des ersten Jahres erfolgten 1568 telemedizinische Konsile. Die Diagnosen waren ischämische Infarkte (n = 802 Patienten; 51,2 %), intrazerebrale Blutungen (n = 46; 2,9%), transitorisch ischämische Attacken (TIA; n = 319; 20,4 %) und nicht vaskuläre Ursachen (sog. Stroke Mimics; n = 400; 25,5 %). Die Latenz zwischen Klinikaufnahme und Konsilbeginn betrug im Median 21 Minuten (Interquartilrange (IQR) 22 Minuten), die mediane Konsildauer lag bei 24 Minuten (IQR 22 Minuten). Bei den Patienten mit ischämischen Schlaganfällen betrug die Lyserate 12,5 % (n = 100). Eine mechanische Thrombektomie wurde nach Weiterverlegung in eines der Zentren bei 4,6 % (n = 37) der Patienten durchgeführt.

Schlussfolgerung Die telemedizinische Netzwerkbildung ist geeignet, die landesweite Versorgung von Schlaganfallpatienten sicherzustellen. Weitere Analysen, insbesondere zum Outcome, werden benötigt.