bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valgarður: A Database of the Petrophysical, Mineralogical, and Chemical Properties of Icelandic Rocks
Authors: Scott Samuel Warren , Lévy Léa , Covell Cari , Franzson Hjalti , Gibert Benoit , Valfells Ágúst , Newson Juliet , Frolova Julia , Júlíusson Egill , Guðjónsdóttir María Sigríður
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The Valgarður database is a compilation of data describing the physical and geochemical properties of Icelandic rocks. The dataset comprises 1072 samples obtained from fossil and active geothermal systems, as well as relatively fresh volcanic rocks erupted in sub-aerial or sub-aqueous environments. The database includes petrophysical properties (effective and total porosity, grain density, permeability, electrical resistivity, acoustic velocities), as well as mineralogical and geochemical data obtained by point-counting, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), quantitative X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) analyses. The motivation behind this database is threefold: (i) aid in the interpretation of geophysical data including uncertainty estimations, (ii) facilitate the parameterization of numerical reservoir models, and (iii) improve our understanding of the relationship between rock type, hydrothermal alteration and petrophysical properties.
A machine learning methodology for the generation of a parameterization of the hydroxyl radical
Authors: Anderson Daniel C. , Follette-Cook Melanie B. , Strode Sarah A. , Nicely Julie M. , Liu Junhua , Ivatt Peter D. , Duncan Bryan N.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We present a methodology that uses gradient-boosted regression trees (a
machine learning technique) and a full-chemistry simulation (i.e., training
dataset) from a chemistry–climate model (CCM) to efficiently generate a
parameterization of tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) that is a function of
chemical, dynamical, and solar irradiance variables. This surrogate model of
OH is designed to be integrated into a CCM and allow for
computationally efficient simulation of nonlinear feedbacks between OH and
tropospheric constituents that have loss by reaction with OH as their
primary sinks (e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), volatile
organic compounds (VOCs)). Such a model framework is advantageous for
studies that require multi-decadal simulations of CH4 or multi-year
sensitivity simulations to understand the causes of trends and variations of
CO and CH4. To allow the user to easily target the training dataset
towards a desired application, we are outlining a methodology to generate a
parameterization of OH and not presenting an “off-the-shelf” version of a
parameterization to be incorporated into a CCM. This provides for the
relatively easy creation of a new parameterization in response to, for
example, changes in research goals or the underlying CCM chemistry and/or
dynamics schemes. We show that a sample parameterization of OH generated
from a CCM simulation is able to reproduce OH concentrations with a
normalized root-mean-square error of approximately 5 % and
capture the global mean methane lifetime within approximately 1 %. Our
calculated accuracy of the parameterization assumes inputs being within the
bounds of the training dataset. Large excursions from these bounds will
likely decrease the overall accuracy. However, we show that the sample
parameterization predicts large deviations in OH for an El Niño event
that was not part of the training dataset and that the spatial distribution
and strength of these deviations are consistent with the event. This result
gives confidence in the fidelity of a parameterization developed with our
methodology to simulate the spatial and temporal responses of OH to
perturbations from large variations in the chemical, dynamical, and solar
irradiance drivers of OH. In addition, we discuss how two machine learning
metrics, Gain feature importance and Shapley
additive explanations values, indicate that the behavior
of a parameterization of OH generally accords with our understanding of OH
chemistry, even though there are no physics- or chemistry-based constraints
on the parameterization.
Differences in volcanic risk perception among Goma’s population before the Nyiragongo eruption of May 2021, Virunga volcanic province (DR Congo)
Authors: Mafuko Nyandwi Blaise , Kervyn Matthieu , Habiyaremye Muhashy , Kervyn François , Michellier Caroline
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Risk perception is an essential element to consider for effective risk management at time of eruption. This is especially the case in densely populated cities close to volcanoes like Goma in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo highly exposed to volcanic hazards from Nyiragongo. The perception of volcanic risk involves the processes of collecting, selecting, and interpreting signals about uncertain impacts of volcanic hazards. Using a questionnaire survey, this study describes the spatial differences and factors influencing the individual volcanic risk perception of 2,224 adults from height representative neighbourhoods of Goma before the May 2021 Nyiragongo eruption. A composite risk perception indicator was built from the perceived severity and perceived vulnerability. Statistical analysis of survey’s results shows that the risk perception varies less with demographic and contextual factors than with cognitive and psychological factors. The spatial analysis shows that respondents from the eastern neighbourhoods, affected by the 2002 eruption, demonstrated a significantly higher level of risk perception than participants living in the western neighbourhood. Therefore, collective memory of past events in the impacted areas does play a role. Evidence from this study will help to develop well-targeted volcanic risk awareness-raising in Goma.
Improved teleconnection between Arctic sea ice and the North Atlantic Oscillation through stochastic process representation
Authors: Strommen Kristian , Juricke Stephan , Cooper Fenwick
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The extent to which interannual variability in Arctic sea ice influences the mid-latitude circulation has been extensively debated. While observational data support the existence of a teleconnection between November sea ice in the Barents–Kara region and the subsequent winter North Atlantic Oscillation, climate models do not consistently reproduce such a link, with only very weak inter-model consensus. We show, using the EC-Earth3 climate model, that while an ensemble of coupled EC-Earth3 simulations shows no evidence of such a teleconnection, the inclusion of stochastic parameterizations to the ocean and sea ice component results in the emergence of a robust teleconnection comparable in magnitude to that observed. While the exact mechanisms causing this remain unclear, we argue that it can be accounted for by an improved ice–ocean–atmosphere coupling due to the stochastic perturbations, which aim to represent the effect of unresolved ice and ocean variability. In particular, the weak inter-model consensus may to a large extent be due to model biases in surface coupling, with stochastic parameterizations being one possible remedy.
Real-Estate Entrepreneurship from Baumol's Productive and Unproductive Typology: A Contestable Markets Approach
Authors: Karadag Hande , Balcı İzgi Berna
Published: August 2022

The role of innovation in economic development has long been a topic of discussion among economists. Despite that, the economic pay-off mechanisms which support or hinder innovative entrepreneurial acts, particularly in the emerging economy context are significantly underexplored in academic studies. In this study, we aim to fill this important gap in the literature by taking Baumol’s contestable markets theory and the typology of productive and unproductive entrepreneurship. As Baumol has advocated, the economies that offer higher pay-offs to productive entrepreneurial acts are more likely to thrive mainly due to the increased capacity of economic growth, while developing and poor economies struggle. In this study, we posit that in the developing and emerging market contexts, formal policies are claimed to prioritize the production of more innovative and productive start-ups and a climate that supports and fosters productive entrepreneurial acts. Despite that, there are still major administrative, social and cultural barriers towards creation of innovative start-ups and a productive entrepreneurship ecosystem. Here, continuing political, economic and social support towards unproductive entrepreneurship acts, in particular real-estate entrepreneurship emerges as one of the main factors that hinder the flow of funds towards innovation and technology. We thus argue that, being unable to balance the role of these unproductive entrepreneurial acts with productive ones in economy significantly deteriorates the sustainable economic growth and a high standard of living in emerging and developing economy contexts. In the implications section, several precautions and support mechanisms for overcoming the barriers towards productive entrepreneurship are presented and discussed.
Effects of Changes in Financial Ratios of Companies on the Performance of Stock Prices in the Exchange Market: The Automotive Sector
Authors: Dönmez Nurten , Özkan Turgut
Published: August 2022

By examining the relationship between financial ratios of companies and stock prices, this study investigates whether changes in the financial ratios of companies affect stock prices. Twelve financial ratios were used as independent variables and stock price was used as the dependent variable. The study was conducted via panel data analysis method with data from seven automotive companies traded in Borsa İstanbul (BIST) and six automotive companies traded in stock markets of Germany, the USA, and Sweden for the period of 2007Q1-2018Q4. For automotive companies traded in BIST, stock price is affected by liquidity ratios, financial structure ratios, and activity ratios but there is no statistically significant relationship between stock price and profitability ratios. On the other hand, for the automotive companies traded in stock exchanges in other countries, stock price is seen to be affected by liquidity ratios, financial structure ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios.
Mobile Phone Companies Increasing Market Share through Innovations, R&D Spending and Patents
Authors: Singh Sanjeev , More Rahul
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyze the market share of four leading mobile phone companies in the context of their spending on R&D and the number of filed patents. The study aims to identify whether the companies that invest the most in R&D and file more patents have a competitive edge and increased market share compared to others. The adoption and advancement of technologies throughout the documented history of humankind have revealed how employing specific devices has cultivated the power for people and society to communicate. Moreover, innovations in travelling have increased prospects for real-time communication, and innovations in virtual real-time communication like mobile phones and the internet have become a part of everyday life. Following innovations, many companies emerged from nowhere with unique mobile phone devices and continued the business. But, few of them were wiped out from the market because their mobile phone offering was inferior to other competitors. This paper explores the innovation journey of mobile phone companies. In addition, it focuses on four leading brand names and corresponding success failures as well as the role of R&D expense and patents regarding innovations. Usually, innovation is considered as the engine of economic growth that serves customers better products and services and stays relevant in the market. Measuring innovation is not easy, but focusing on R&D and the quantifiable patent indicates that individual companies consistently serve customers with newer and better products.
User Acceptance of Metaverse: Insights from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Planned Behavior Theory (PBT)
Authors: Toraman Yavuz
Published: August 2022

Many innovations have entered human life with the rapid development of technology and its widespread use. The adaptation process of people to these innovations is very important in terms of efficiency and sustainability. In this research, the factors affecting the acceptance of metaverse technology, which is one of the most important innovations encountered in the last period, were examined. In this context, metaverse technology was analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM) within the scope of PBT and TAM. For analysis, the Smart PLS 3 software was used. According to the hypothesis results, a significant positive correlation was found between PU, PEOU, AT, and Intention. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between SN and AT, and PBC. It has been analyzed that the factors affecting the metaverse usage intention of the individuals participating in the research are parallel to the literature. When we assume that the usage area of metaverse technology will become widespread in the future, it is very important to expand the studies in this field in detail.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Head, School Of Commerce Devi Ahilya Vishwavidhyalay, (DAVV) NAAC A+ University Indore., SINGH Dr. PREETI
Published: August 2022

The book offers a global platform for the academia to elevate their image as internationally acclaimed scholars, as it reaches the nook and the corner of the globe online. Researchers can also ripe the benefit of enriching their study by submitting manuscripts to the editorial board that comprises scholars with proven abilities and established research track record. All the articles submitted for publication are subjected to rigorous single blinded peer review to ensure its quality before it gets published. Authors’ scholarly work undergoes critical scrutiny by experts in the same subject to check for scientific validity, relevance and accuracy. Upon getting the final approval from the editorial board members, their decision on acceptance or rejection will be informed via E-mail. The Book supports open access publishing model to maximize the visibility of the published research. Authors can track the article status from the Editorial Manager System of the Book which allows authors to submit article, track status and respond to reviewers’ comments and revision requests.
Correlation Study of Alcoholic Clove extract against Streptococcus agalactiae virulence factors isolated from Neonatal patients
Authors: Ali Hammad Adnan , A. Farrag Ayman , M. Abdelghany Tarek , El-Waseif Amr A. , Gatia Almawla Saleem Obaid
Published: August 2022

Plant extracts promise natural sources of antivirulence chemicals thanks to their broad availability and various phytochemical antivirulence components. The main antivirulence components of plants are essential oils. 130 isolates were obtained from neonates (≤1 year old) from February, 2020 to February, 2021. All studied isolates were diagnosed by traditional methods like biochemical tests, Vitek-2 system, and 16srRNA using conventional PCR. Profile of antibiotics resistance ratio for Streptococcus agalactiae were Penicillin 20%, Clindamycin 68%, Chloramphenicol 46%, Tetracycline 82%, Erythromycin 100%, Imipenem 12%, and Ciprofloxacillin 26.47%. All genes (Cyl E, Spb1, and bibA) were detected by conventional PCR and the molecular frequency showed 64% of strains positive for Cyl E gene and 56% of strains harbored bibA genes, while 48% of Streptococcus agalactiae contain Spb1 gene. This research showed the coexistence of bla Cyl E, Spb 1 and bibA genes in 48% strains of Streptococcus agalactiae. Extraction of clove extract was carried out using methanol and it analysed using GC-MS to detect active compounds, such as Eugenol (60.10%). The effect of clove extract against biofilm formation, haemolysin, and protease activity was significant (p-value < 0.01).
Class 1,2 Integron Genes Distribution in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Specimens.
Authors: Qassim Raheem Haider , F. Hussein Ehasn , Hameed Rasheed Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative human pathogen, P. aeruginosa is lone of the furthermost common hospital pathogens also is a chief concern, particularly in immune-compromised patients. The purpose of this study was to identify phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound infection The bacterial isolates (30) were obtained from patients admitted to Mirjan Medical City in Babylon, Iraq (burns, wound unit). was identified biochemically and morphologically, and the isolates were subjected to standard bacteriological culturing processes on blood and MacConkey agar plates for 24-48 hours at 37oC for isolation and purification, Viteck 2 compact system confirmed the isolates and antibacterial sensitivity as well. These findings revealed that P.aeruginosa has a high rate of penicillin resistance, with a resistance rate of (100percent ) isolates. Advanced resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics was also found in resistant isolates of Cefoxitin, Ceftriaxone (75%), Ceftazidime, and cefepime (85%). For carbapenem antibiotics, had a high resistance rate (90percent). Aminoglycosides have variable resistance to Amikacin (60percent), Gentamicin (70 percent), and tobramycine resistant (90%). The findings revealed that all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates tested positive for Class 1,2 Integron resistance genes. with positive results (35%) for Int1 and 35% for Int2 (25%). This study found that P.aeruginosa has a high rate of resistance to Penicillins, Cephalosporin, Carbapenem and Aminoglycosides antibiotics.
In vivo investigation of the potential hypoglycemic activity of Pennisetum setaceum: Justification of the traditional use among Jordanians
Authors: Al-Halaseh Lidia K. , Al-Jawabri Nariman A. , Al-Btoush Hayat , Al-Suhaimat Rawan , Majali Siba , Abu Hajleh Maha N. , Al-Samydai Ali , Ahmed Mai A.M.
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Pennisetum setaceum has been used traditionally as herbal hypoglycemic and slimming medicine by Jordanians. However, its claimed benefits are still elusive. The current in vivo study aimed to justify the folk use of this herbal tea and evaluate its effect. Materials and methods: plant material was collected from South Jordan and identified. Crude aqueous extract of Pennisetum setaceum aerial parts was prepared. The lethal dose was estimated after given groups of mice oral doses of the herbal extract (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/Kg mouse weight). The potential weight reduction activity was measured by recording the animal weight for 30 days after feeding them 1 g/Kg oral doses of the herbal medicine for 10 consecutive days. The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in two different concentrations: 1 and 2 g/Kg mouse weight. Male mice with an average weight of 26.5 ± 2.76 g were rendered diabetic by an intraperitoneal dose of streptozocin. Groups of mice were given the herbal medication orally. A negative control group was given d. water. Blood sugar levels were measured from tail blood every 30 min for 3 h. LD50 was estimated. Results: The plant was identified to be P. setaceum by the local authority in Jordan. LD50 was estimated to be 10 g/Kg mouse weight after oral administration. Significant weight reduction of the orally fed group (27 ± 3.1 to 24 ± 2.2) with minor undesirable effects. A significant decrease in blood glucose level in the treated diabetic animals were measured compared with the control group. Significant variation in time-dependent hypoglycemic effect was found between the two tested doses. Conclusion: P. setaceum aqueous extract can be considered as a promising candidate for amelioration of blood sugar profile with potential slimming activity.
Study of unstimulated salivary flow rate, total protein, albumin concentration and estimated albumin globulin ratio changes in normal adults according to age and gender
Authors: Dawlaty Brishna , Rahim Shamsulrahim
Published: August 2022

Background: Saliva which has a vital role in oral health is a complex fluid provided by salivary glands. Aging causes salivary glands hypofunction that affects the quantity and quality of saliva. Hence in this study flow rate, protein, albumin and albumin globulin ratio of saliva was compared in two age groups, in order to have broader assumption of gender and age-related changes of oral health in normal adults. Material and method: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted on 250 healthy adult volunteers after approval from Kabul University of medical sciences research committee. Before collecting saliva, the informed consent form was signed by them. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected in sterile tube by drooling method for five minutes. Flow rate collected for five minutes and calculated on milliliters per minutes. After centrifugation for five minutes at 600rpm salivary total protein, albumin was measured by semi-autoanalyzer. Estimated Albumin globulin ratio was calculated by dividing albumin to estimated globulin concentration. Total protein and albumin were calculated by the biuret and bromocresol green method respectively. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 21. Mann Whitney U test was performed for comparison of variables between age group 18-30 and 31-65 years old. Result: In this study among 250 volunteers there were 128 males and 122 females. The mean age was 32 years old. There were 136 participants in age group 18-30 years and 114 in the age group 31-65 years. Flow rate, total protein concentration was lower in group of 31-65 than 18-30 years. The flow rate was lower in females than males but decrease in protein concentration was not gender dependent. Albumin, albumin globulin ratio increased in age group 31-65 years. Albumin was not gender dependent but the albumin globulin ratio was significantly higher in males than females. Conclusion: Flow rate significantly decreased in the age group 31-65 years and more distinct in women than men so suggestive of increased incidence of caries in women. Increased level of albumin in age group 31-65years is suggestive of increase risk of oral inflammatory diseases in this age group. In addition, as the level of albumin globulin ratio was higher after age 30 and more obvious in male adults so it can be assumed that resistance against oral cavity diseases is much lower in men than women in the age group 31-65years.
Refractory post-band ligation bleeding misdiagnosed as esophageal varix rupture caused by primary biliary cirrhosis: A case report
Authors:   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan, Minami Yasunori , Omoto Shunsuke ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan, Takita Masahiro ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan, Komeda Yoriaki ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan, Takenaka Mamoru ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan, Matsui Shigenaga ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan, Tsuji Naoko ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan, Kashida Hiroshi ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan, Kudo Masatoshi ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
Published: August 2022

A 71-year-old woman had refractory post-band ligation esophageal bleeding although emergency EVL was carried out nine times in total. She was originally considered the esophageal variceal hemorrhage in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC). Through discussion at a multidisciplinary meeting, we could reach an appropriate diagnosis of PBC and incomplete CREST overlap syndrome. It was difficult to distinguish hemorrhagic telangiectasia from bleeding esophageal varices, and argon plasma coagulation safely reduced the risk of rebleeding and necessity of emergency endoscopy. We learned again a valuable lesson that interprofessional communication is essential to overcome diagnostic error and cognitive bias in patients with refractory treatment. Keywords: cognitive bias; diagnostic error; interprofessional communication; PBC and CREST overlap syndrome; refractory post-band ligation bleeding.
Evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of hepameg (probiotics + eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid + vitamin E) in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors:   Clinical Pharmacologist, Department of Pharmacology Opp. K. B. Bhabha Hospital Bandra West, Mumbai-400050 Maharashtra, India, Faruqui Arif A
Published: August 2022

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has currently emerged as common liver disorder compared to alcoholic liver disease. Available treatments are associated with certain side-effects. Recently a relation between gut and liver, i.e. gut-liver axis has been studied extensively. Modulation of gut may provide a natural mechanism to improve NAFLD associated complications. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Hepameg. Patients were given 1 gram Hepameg sachet containing probiotics, omega-3-fatty acids and vitamin E twice a day for 12 weeks. Methods: An open-label, non-comparative post marketing study was conducted in 20 subjects with NAFLD. Physical and biochemical investigations were performed and inflammatory markers were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were change in scores for Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) at baseline and week 12. Secondary outcomes were global assessment of efficacy by physician and patients on a pre-defined 0 to 4 score scale. Results: After 12 weeks of Hepameg therapy, all patients reported significant improvement in FIB-4 and APRI scores. On the predefined scale of global assessment, physicians and patients reported excellent efficacy and tolerability rating for Hepameg. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that Hepameg is clinically effective and safe in the management of NAFLD. Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; probiotics; omega-3-fatty acids; vitamin E.
Účinnost, bezpečnost a snášenlivost fixní kombinace ibuprofenu (400 mg) a kofeinu (100 mg) ve srovnání s ibuprofenem, kofeinem a placebem při akutní bolesti
Authors: Weiser Thomas
Published: August 2022

Nabízí kombinace ibuprofenu a kofeinu při léčbě akutní bolesti výhody oproti samotnému ibuprofenu? Randomizovaná, placebem kontrolovaná, dvojitě zaslepená studie srovnávala účinnost, bezpečnost a snášenlivost kombinace ibuprofenu a kofeinu s těmito látkami samostatně nebo s placebem při akutní, středně silné až silné bolesti. Kombinace byla superiorní vůči všem ostatním terapiím, pokud jde o úlevu od bolesti po dobu 8 hodin, nástup účinku, podíl pacientů odpovídajících na léčbu a požití záchranného analgetika; bezpečnost a snášenlivost byly prokázány. Kombinace ibuprofenu a kofeinu je tedy superiorní možnost léčby akutní bolesti ve srovnání se samotným ibuprofenem.
The Role of Cooperatives for Trade, Industry, Mining, and Energy Office in Empowering SME
Authors: Dahliah D.
Published: August 2022

The objectives of this study are: Firstly, to find out the factors driving and inhibiting the empowerment of SMEs in the Bulukumba district. Secondly, to find out the role of the Department of Cooperatives, SMEs, Trade, industry, mining, and energy in empowering MSEs in the Bulukumba district. The methodology used and the results obtained in this study are the author uses an experimental research method with an inductive approach. The results of this study are: 1). creating a conducive climate, 2). increasing financing and capital for SMEs, and 3). targets for increasing cooperation for all business actors, both private and government. From this observation, it is suggested that the empowerment of micro, small, and medium enterprises in the Bulukumba Regency is carried out by the Bulukumba Regency government, and the Bulukumba Regency Government can embrace micro, small and medium business actors in Bulukumba Regency to promote small-capitalized businesses jointly. As conclusion, the government needs to cooperate with other agencies such as banks so that they can get capital quickly for SME actors, which are still very difficult to reach, which can encourage and increase SMEs. So, government can advance funds in implementing SME empowerment programs and to increase the income.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy for Treatment of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Aslam Samia , Ilyas Tuyiba , Kaleem Shaanfa , Ilyas Saadia , Aslam Zaira , Tabassum Attia
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the therapeutic efficacy of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy for treatment of alopecia areata. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 15-10-2020 to 14-04-2021. Methodology: A total of 95 patients were included in the study. A photograph was obtained at baseline. Then, patients were treated with superficial liquid nitrogen cryotherapy spray once weekly for 6 weeks. A cryogun was used to spray the lesion with liquid nitrogen for 2–3 s till the appearance of mild frost. After the frozen area was thawed (3–5 s), a second spray was done in the same manner. After 6 weeks, session was stopped and patients were followed-up at 3 months and 6 months. Results: Patients ranged between 16-70 years of age with mean age of 29.5±11.9 years. Out of 95 patients, 43 (45.3%) were male while 52 (54.7%) were female. Mean duration of disease was 9.8±4.9 months. Therapeutic efficacy of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy was found to be significant in 26 patients (27.4%). Stratification for age, gender and duration of disease was carried and no association was found (p >0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen is a therapeutic option with a good treatment outcome. It has the privilege of being a simple, convenient, short-term, and office-based technique. Key Words: Alopecia Areata, Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy, Treatment.
Distribution of various histopathological patterns of ovarian lesions in different age groups
Authors: Malik Ayesha Imtiaz , Kamal Farrukh , Iqbal Munazza , Qureshy Aasmaa , Kalsoom Farah
Published: August 2022

The spectrum of ovarian pathologies embraces wide age range among females because the risk of developing ovarian lesion starts from birth and follows diverse patterns through-out the life.1,2 The rate of development of complications, recurrence, progression to malignancy, morbidity and mortality, also varies according to the age of presentation of various ovarian pathologies.3,4,5 The prevalence of cystic lesions of ovary is more in reproductive age group as compared to post-menopausal women.6,7 Malignant neoplasms have more been observed in an advanced age group.8,9,10 The current study is aimed to observe the distribution of various histopathological patterns of ovarian lesions in different age groups. This study may be beneficial in stratifying patients, into different risk based groups and prognosis associated groups, depending upon the age of patient at the time of presentation. Methods: Total 150 cases of ovarian lesions were selected by convenient sampling in current descriptive study, carried out at Pathology department of Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore from May, 2019 till June, 2020. Routine H & E stained sections, from specimens of total abdominal hysterectomy with unilateral or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, unilateral or bilateral oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy procedures, done either for primary ovarian lesion or other than primary ovarian pathology, in all age groups, were included. Results: A majority of ovarian lesions 123 (82%) were observed in the reproductive age group, mostly being non-neoplastic (89.5%). Out of 19 post-menopausal patients, 12 presented with malignant neoplasms. All patients belonging to pre-pubertal age group had non-neoplastic pathologies. Conclusion: The malignant ovarian tumors are prevalent in post-menopausal patients while reproductive age group predominantly exhibits non-neoplastic and benign ovarian lesions. The pre-pubertal age group commonly present with non-neoplastic ovarian pathologies. Keywords: Histopathological patterns of ovarian lesion, Malignant ovarian tumors, Reproductive age group.
Association of serum Matrix Metalloproteinase 1, 2 and 3 with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Sarmad Sana , Sarmad Saher , Sadiq Muhammad Adnan , Bokhari Maira Mehmood , Akram Shama , Saghir Sumera
Published: August 2022

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma involving the oral cavity (OSCC) is a malignant lesion prone to local dissemination and distant metastasis. It causes severe morbidity in the afflicted patients and has low 5-year survival rate. The current study explored the serum levels of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, the MMPs 1,2 and 3 in OSCC patients and normal healthy controls. Materials and methods: Blood samples from thirty eight patients suffering from OSCC and thirty eight normal healthy controls were included in the study. The MMP 1 - 3 were estimated by multiplex ELISA. Results: Out of three MMPs analyzed between cases (n=38) and controls (n=38), significant differences were observed in serum MMP levels in MMP 1 and 2. In MMP 1, cases were recorded to have higher values, as evidenced by mean and median levels. ROC curve analysis, used to assess the prognostic and diagnostic worth of the two statistically significant markers (MMP 1, 2) indicated that both markers had area under the curve (AUC) significantly better than 0.5. For MMP 2, control group had higher serum levels than cases. Conclusions: MMP 1 expression was found significantly elevated in cases with 71.0% sensitivity and 56.3 specificity so it can be further evaluated as a drug target as well as diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker. Keywords: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Matrix metalloproteinase.
Does Having a Chronic Liver Illness Make One More Likely to Become Melancholic and Anxious?
Authors: Habib Osama , Ashaq Fahmina , Butt Nauman Ismat , Mahmood Khalid , Khan Azhar Ali , Qureshi Mohammad Atif
Published: August 2022

Background: Chronic liver disease is a highly prevalent illness globally and in Pakistan as well. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) in hospitalized patients. Methods and materials: Agha khan University anxiety and depression scale (AKUADS), a questionnaire developed natively in Urdu language, was the instrument used for the study. Admitted patients with the diagnosis of chronic liver disease at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore were invited to take part in the study. A total of 107 patients volunteered to take part in the study (29.9% females) from February 2018 to November 2018. Descriptive statistics was employed to report the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in the study population and independent samples T-test was used to analyze the gender difference between the participants. Results: All study participants scored above the cut-off score of 20 on AKUADS. No significant gender difference was seen among the study participants on mean AKUADS scores. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders is very high in patients with CLD. These patients should be assessed for the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms on a frequent and routine basis. Recognition and treatment of depressive and anxiety symptoms at an early stage may lead to avoidance of many adverse outcomes related to CLD. Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Chronic liver disease
Level of Anxiety among Medical Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rehman Farah , Tahir Nayyara , Ain Qurat Ul , Mehmood Hamid , Sayed Tahir Mukhtar , Afshan Shamila
Published: August 2022

Background: The general atmosphere of the medical college is frequently seen as being extremely stressful; as a result, medical students' academic results suffer, as well as their physical and psychological health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate medical students' levels of anxiety about their future careers. Objectives: To exploring the level of anxiety among medical students during COVID-19 Pandemic Methods: It was a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional research. After receiving verbal approval from each student at the Fatima Jinnah Medical University in Lahore, the participants enrolled. The data was gathered using a pre-designed questionnaire. A VAS score was employed to assess anxiety levels. SPSS 23 was used to analyze data. To get the desired findings, a statistical test like the chi-square test was used, with a p-value of 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that the mean age student was 20.33± 1.49 years with range from 19-27 years of 165 female medical students were enrolled. Maximum strength of 3rd professional year as 70(42.42%), students were asked to respond to their own self-perceived level of anxiety by using VAS scale of 0 to 100 (mild, moderate and severe) and 84(50.91%) students’ shows severe level of anxiety. The factor contributing anxiety during COVID-19 explored and faced fear about future career 127(76.97%). Students observed that it took great effort to understand online lectures 108(65.45%) and faced the problem of recalling the memorized online 112(67.88%) as insignificant p-value. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic did not seem to enhance the general degree of anxiety among medical students, but instead, they were more concerned about their studies, exams, and especially their future career. Keywords: Visual Analogue Scale, Exam Anxiety, Anxiety.
Cheiloscopy: A Study of Most Common Morphological Patterns of Lip Prints Among Male Students and Employees of Peshawar Medical College
Authors: Mehmood Ijaz , , Haq Rizwan Ul , Azeem Muhammad Tariq , Haq Ikram Ul , Yasmin Rubina Salma , Anjum Muhammad Ali
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of most common morphological patterns of lip prints among male students and employees of Peshawar Medical College. Design: It was a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was conducted at Forensic Medicine Laboratory of Peshawar Medical College from November 2021 to April 2022. Material and Methods: A total of 201 male voluntary participants both students and employees were included in the study. Lip prints were be obtained from them using lipstick and cellophane tape, and studied in the presence of lip print expert. The lip print patterns were classified and frequencies determined. Results: Overall pattern, type V (26.62%) and type III (19.58%) were the most common ones. There was no significant difference between the ethnicity. Conclusion: It might be said that lip prints are distinctive, and that using them to identify people. The results showed that print of any two lips were not matched exactly. The patterns did not reveal any significant variability with regards to gender or ethnicity. Thus, trivializing the concept that lip prints can be used as a good indicator for gender determination. Keywords: Lip Prints, Classification, Pattern Types, Cheiloscopy
Analysis of Histopathological Findings in Endometrium of Peri-Menopausal Women Presenting with Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Qureshi Asim Iqbal , Shafi Shazia , Khan Maria , Munir Ayesha , Sahar Bazgha , Malik Abeera
Published: August 2022

Objective: To analyze histopathological findings in endometrium of peri-menopausal women presenting with dysfunctional uterine bleeding at a tertiary care hospital of South Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bakhtawar Amin Trust Teaching Hospital, Multan, Pakistan from April 2021 to March 2022. Material Methods: During the study period, a total of 141 peri-menopausal women (aged 41 to 55 years) who presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding and underwent diagnostic endometrial curettage for histological analysis were included. A detailed history and careful systemic and pelvic examinations were performed. Endometrial tissue was obtained during dilatation & curettage (D&C) and preserved in 10% formaline and subjected for histopathologic analysis. Clinical and histological information of all subjects were recorded. Results: In a total of 141 women, mean age was calculated to be 47±7 years. Except 24 (17.0%) patients who were already menopausal, 67 (47.5%) patients had normal length of menstrual cycle. Nearly half of the patients had normal histology of the endometrium. Simple hyperplasia was present in 18 (12.8%) and complex hyperplasia was in 10 (7.1%). Only 2 cases (1.4%) each of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma were reported on the histology. Five patients (3.5%) had decidual change in the endometrium, which was mostly due to the prior intake of progestogens as part of medical therapy. Inflammation of endometrium was not uncommon and 19 (13.5%) had presence of inflammatory cells in the endometrium. Conclusion: Peri-menopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding should undergo diagnostic endometrial curettage to rule out the possibility of malignant or pre-malignant pathology. In perimenopausal patients, endometrial biopsy and other methods of detecting endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma must be considered early in the investigation. Keywords: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding endometrium, histopathology, peri-menopausal,
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detecting Clear Renal Cell Carcinoma, Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: Arshad Ammara , Irshad Nadia , Ibrahim Anam , Yousaf Sumaira , Noor Sana , Nasrullah Zahra
Published: August 2022

Background: Presurgical staging and characterization of renal masses can be accomplished with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Objective: Present study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting clear renal cell carcinoma, taking histopathology as gold standard. Study design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Study duration and settings: Study was conducted at department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from 4th June 2018 to 3rd December 2018. Material and methods: A total of 133 patients with clear renal cell carcinoma on ultrasonography having age 20-60 years of either genders were enrolled. Patients with pregnancy, previous nephrectomy and contraindicated for MR studies were excluded. MRI abdomen was performed in every patient using the 1.5 Tesla MR system with gradient strength of 33mT/m. MRI findings were correlated with histopathology findings. Results: MRI of abdomen pelvis was performed in all patients and there were 68 True Positive and six False Positive results observed . Among 59 patients whose MRI was negative, 06 patients (False Negative) found clear renal cell carcinoma on histopathology, but True Negative patients had no clear RCC (p=0.0001).Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting clear renal cell carcinoma was 91.89%, 89.83%, 91.89%, 89.83% and 90.98% respectively Conclusion: This study concluded that magnetic resonance imaging is a highly sensitive and accurate non-invasive modality for diagnosing clear cell renal cell carcinoma.. Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma, magnetic resonance imaging, sensitivity
Frequency of Traumatic Dental Injuries to Anterior Teeth Among 7 to 14 Year-Old School Children
Authors: Ain Qurat-Ul- , Shahid Ali , Afzal Muhammad , Azhar Shehnoor , Khawaja Hamna , Sadiq Muhammad Shairaz
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the prevalence of traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth among 7 to 14 year-old school children. Design: It was a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was done in 10 Government & Private High Schools of Lahore, Pakistan from November 2021 to April 2022. Material and Methods: There were a total of 2230 students between the ages of 7 and 14 participated in the study. Oral examinations and structured questionnaires were used to gather data, which included socioeconomic factors. Results: Total 11.3 percent of the permanent anterior teeth in the current study had TDI. It was found that there is a considerable gender difference in the incidence of dental trauma, with more boys than girls experiencing it. Fall-related injuries accounted for the majority of TDI cases (68.5 percent), then sports (11.2 percent). The permanent maxillary central incisors were frequently broken, with enamel-related fractures being the most frequently reported. The most frequent injury noted was an enamel fracture. Conclusion: Children of school age had a moderate prevalence of TDI, and it was advised that regular oral health education programmes about the causes and techniques of avoiding TDI be implemented. Keywords: Traumatic Dental Injuries, Prevalence, School Children, Anterior Teeth
Effect of the Apple Cider Vinegar on Weight Management, Blood Glucose Levels and Lipid Profile among Obese/Overweight Adults: A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Khalid Ayesha , Khalid A.S , Ashiq Eisha , . Ahtisham
Published: August 2022

Objective: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of apple cider vinegar on weight management, blood sugar level, HbA1C, and on lipid profile. Design: It was a randomized control trial. Study Settings: This study was conducted at OPD of Medicine, Hameed Latif Hospital. Material and Methods: Two groups were formed, each with at least 30 participants. The first group of 30 obese/overweight patients received 15ml of ACV twice a day, before lunch and dinner (total dose of 30ml). The second group was the control group, which received 15ml of ACV twice daily before lunch and dinner (for a total dose of 30ml), but they were healthy and free of disease. The results of both interventional groups (pre and post interventional) in terms of lowering blood glucose and cholesterol levels, as well as body weight, were compared. Results: Both the groups had 15 male and 15 female patients with age of obese and non-obese patients was 43 & 32.5 years respectively. Results showed reduction in weight of obese/overweight patients as compared to day 0 (34.356.07), day 30 (33.645.99) and day 60 (32.985.97), showing consistent reduction in BMI which reflected that increase in time of feeding ACV continued to decrease the body weight of obese/overweight patients. Conclusion: In conclusion it was noted from the results that Apple Cider Vinegar has a positive effect n reducing HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides and BMI levels in the respective patients Keywords: Apple Cider Vinegar, Weight, Blood Glucose Levels, Lipid Profile