bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wczesne wspomaganie rozwoju dzieci niewidomych i edukacja tyflopedagogiczna ich rodzin na przykładzie projektu "Międzynarodowa szkoła matek"
Authors: Kuczyńska-Kwapisz Jadwiga
Published: December 2020

Opisywany projekt ma dwa powiązane z sobą cele: wczesne wspomaganie rozwoju dzieci niewidomych oraz kształcenie tyflopedagogiczne członków ich rodzin. Pierwsza edycja projektu odbyła się w 2008 roku i od tego czasu, każdego roku w lipcu, w nim uczestniczę. W artykule kolejno przedstawiam następujące zagadnienia: opis osób pracujących w projekcie, warunki, w których się on odbywa, uczestników, ramowy program, warsztaty z  rodzicami oraz krótką charakterystykę wybranych rodzin, a także opis zajęć z zakresu orientacji przestrzennej i lokomocji, które z nimi prowadziłam. W krajach uczestniczących w projekcie jest olbrzymia potrzeba społeczna organizowania pomocy edukacyjnej rodzinom z dziećmi niewidomymi. Bez wsparcia profesjonalistów rodzicom trudno jest zadbać o prawidłowy rozwój małego niewidomego dziecka. Dobrą praktyką w opisywanej „Międzynarodowej Szkole Matek” jest angażowanie bardzo zróżnicowanych profesjonalistów pod względem specjalności, narodowości, wieku, doświadczeń, możliwości wzrokowych, światopoglądu i in. Program zajęć realizowanych w projekcie jest elastycznie dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb każdej rodziny, zainteresowań i możliwości dziecka.
Obraz szkolnej codzienności nauczycielek edukacji wczesnoszkolnej
Authors: Sosnowska-Bielicz Ewa
Published: December 2020

W artykule przedstawiono szkolną codzienność nauczycielek edukacji wczesnoszkolnej z ich własnej perspektywy. W tym celu przeprowadzono swobodne wywiady z elementami narracji, zaś analizy i interpretacje uzyskanych danych dokonano zgodnie z paradygmatem interpretatywnym. Badane nauczycielki pomimo wyrażanego w swoich wypowiedziach niezadowolenia z odczuwanego przez nie braku docenienia (zarówno społecznego, jak i finansowego) podkreślają znaczenie korzyści z dokonanego wyboru swojej drogi zawodowej. Obcowanie z dziećmi, towarzyszenie im w ich rozwoju, wspieranie i uczenie ich stanowi najważniejsze źródło zadowolenia z wykonywanej pracy. To balansowanie pomiędzy słabym wynagrodzeniem, przerostem biurokracji, niejasnością oczekiwań społecznych a zachwytem nad dzieckiem, czerpaniem satysfakcji z możliwości własnego rozwoju oraz nieszablonowości buduje codzienność nauczycielek edukacji wczesnoszkolnej.
Wizualizacja jako symulacyjne kreowanie siebie w mediach społecznościowych
Authors: Mentel Anna
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sposobów wizualnej prezentacji siebie przez młodych ludzi na profilu Facebook. Na podstawie teorii symulakry Jeana Baudrillarda założono, że prezentacje te służą symulacyjnemu tworzeniu własnej tożsamości. W badaniu posłużono się metodą netnograficzną, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem etnografii wizualnej. Zaprezentowane badania wpisują się w problematykę związaną z budowaniem tożsamości współczesnej młodzieży i trendami kultury ponowoczesnej. Wykazano, że treści wizualne stanowią nie tylko oderwany od rzeczywistości element kreowania siebie przez młodych ludzi, lecz także obraz fikcyjnej rzeczywistości. Uwidocznia się to zwłaszcza w wirtualnych formach aktywności i treściach zamieszczanych przez młode osoby w internecie.
Anti-malarial Drugs are Not Created Equal for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment: A Computational Analysis Evidence
Authors: Ronsisvalle Simone , Panarello Federica , Di Mauro Rosaria , Bernardini Renato , Volti Giovanni Li , Cantarella Giuseppina
Published: December 2020

Background:

The evolution of the pandemic has burdened the national healthcare systems worldwide
and at present, there is no preferred antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Recently, the SARS-Cov-2 protease
structure was released that may be exploited in in-silico studies in order to conduct molecular docking analysis.

Methods:

In particular, we compared the binding of twoantimalarial drugs, already in use, (i.e. chloroquine and
hydroxychloroquine), which showed some potential clinical effects on COVID-19 patients, using ritonavir, lopinavir
and darunavir as positive control tree antiviral recognized compounds.

Results:

Our results showed that hydroxychloroquine but not chloroquine exhibited a significant binding activity
to the main protease similar to that possessed by protease inhibitors tested for other viral infections.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that hydroxychloroquine may exert additional direct antiviral activity compared
to chloroquine. In the absence of clinical studies comparing the efficacy of these two compounds, hydroxychloroquine
may offer additional effects and may be considered as the first choice.
Quorum Sensing - A Stratagem for Conquering Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogens
Authors: Tonkin Madison , Khan Shama , Wani Mohmmad Younus , Ahmad Aijaz
Published: December 2020

Quorum sensing is defined as a cell to cell communication between micro-organisms, which enables
micro-organisms to behave as multicellular organisms. Quorum sensing enables many collaborative benefits
such as synchronisation of virulence factors and biofilm formation. Both quorum sensing, as well as biofilm
formation, encourage the development of drug resistance in micro-organisms. Biofilm formation and quorum
sensing are causally linked to each other, playing a role in the pathogenesis of the micro-organisms. With the
increasing drug resistance against the available antibiotics and antifungal medications, scientists are combining
different options to develop new strategies. Such strategies rely on the inhibition of the communication and virulence
factors rather than on killing or inhibiting the growth of the micro-organisms. This review encompasses
the communication technique used by micro-organisms, how micro-organism resistance is linked to quorum
sensing, and various chemical strategies to combat quorum sensing, thereby, drug resistance. Several compounds
have been identified as quorum sensing inhibitors and are known to be effective in reducing resistance
as they do not kill the pathogens but rather disrupt their communication. Natural compounds have been identified
as anti-quorum sensing agents. However, natural compounds have several disadvantages. Therefore, the
need for the development of synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds has arisen. This review argues that antiquorum
sensing compounds are effective in disrupting quorum sensing and could, therefore be effective in reducing
micro-organism drug resistance.
Yb/Chitosan Catalyzed Synthesis of Highly Substituted Piperidine Derivatives for Potential Nuclease Activity and DNA Binding Study
Authors: Laskar Khairujjaman , Farhan Mohd , Ahmad Aamir
Published: December 2020

Background:

Herein, a new chitosan-supported ytterbium nano-catalyst has been prepared and used
in a mild, efficient, and expeditious method for the synthesis of substituted piperidine derivatives via threecomponent
condensation of substituted anilines, formaldehyde and different cyclic/acyclic active methylene
compounds at room temperature.

Methods:

The catalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, ICP-AES and the stability of the
catalyst was evaluated by TG analysis. The synthesized compound 3,3,11,11-Tetramethyl-15-(phenyl)-15-
azadispiro[5.1.5.3]hexadecane-1,5,9,13-tetrone (3a) was explored for pBR322 DNA cleavage activity and genotoxicity.
Further, the interaction of 3a with CT-DNA was investigated through UV-vis, fluorescence and viscosity.

Results:

The preparation of Yb/chitosan nano-catalyst was verified and the catalyst was found effective towards
substituted piperidine formations with the catalyst reusability. Compound 3a was successfully tested for DNA
cleavage activity. In addition, fluorescence results revealed that compound 3a interacted with DNA with a binding
affinity of 4.84 x 104 M-1.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that compounds bearing spiro-piperidine scaffold, synthesized using reusable
nano-catalyst, could be effective biological agents.
Phospholipid Analogues as Chemotherapeutic Agents Against Trypanosomatids
Authors: Chazapi Evanthia , Magoulas George E. , Prousis Kyriakos C. , Calogeropoulou Theodora
Published: December 2020

Background:

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a serious problem in a number of countries
around the world and especially in Africa and South America, affecting mostly the poor population which
has limited access to the healthcare system. The drugs currently used for the treatment of NTDs are dated many
decades ago and consequently, present in some cases very low efficacy, high toxicity and development of drug
resistance. In the search for more efficient chemotherapeutic agents for NTDs, a large number of different compound
classes have been synthesized and tested. Among them, ether phospholipids, with their prominent member
miltefosine, are considered one of the most promising.

Objective:

This review summarizes the literature concerning the development of antiparasitic phospholipid derivatives,
describing the efforts towards more efficient and less toxic analogues while providing an overview of
the mechanism of action of this compound class against trypanosomatids.

Conclusion:

Phospholipid analogues are already known for their antiprotozoal activity. Several studies have
been conducted in order to synthesize novel derivatives with the aim to improve current treatments such as
miltefosine, with promising results. Photolabeling and fluorescent alkyl phospholipid analogues have contributed
to the clarification of the mode of action of this drug family.
Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Tetrazoles and their Pharmacological Relevance
Authors: Leyva-Ramos Socorro , Cardoso-Ortiz Jaime
Published: December 2020

The heterocycle ring tetrazole is an important moiety relevant to medicinal chemistry
since it is present in some drugs with clinical importance. Its primary biological activity is
being a bioisosteric analogue of the carboxylic acid and cis-amide groups. Its metabolic stability
and other physicochemical properties make it an attractive structure for designing and synthesizing
new pharmaceuticals. The biological activity of tetrazoles is quite extensive and
includes antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, and antioxidant properties; all of them
are discussed in this review. The most effective way to obtain tetrazoles is by azide derivatives,
either in the starting materials by the cycloaddition [3 + 2] of organic azides and nitriles
or by preparing a reactive imidoyl azide intermediate. The nucleophilic behavior of the azide
group is discussed when the raw materials include isocyanides. Some other methods include
alternative synthetic routes like thermolysis. This review also highlights some of the developments regarding the use
of different heterogeneous catalysts to synthesize several tetrazole derivatives.
Nanotechnology Based Approach for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Targeting
Authors: Alhalmi Abdulsalam , Beg Sarwar , Kohli Kanchan , Waris Md. , Singh Tanuja
Published: December 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver cancer that has shown a high incidence
and mortality rate worldwide among several types of cancers. A large variety of chemotherapeutic
agents employed for the treatment have a limited success rate owing to their limited site-specific
drug targeting ability. Thus, there is a demand to develop novel approaches for the treatment
of HCC. With advancements in nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches, the challenges of
conventional chemotherapy have been continuously decreasing. Nanomedicines constituted of lipidic
and polymeric composites provide a better platform for delivering and opening new pathways
for HCC treatment. A score of nanocarriers such as surface-engineered liposomes, nanoparticles,
nanotubes, micelles, quantum dots, etc., has been investigated in the treatment of HCC. These nanocarriers
are considered to be highly effective clinically for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs with
high site-specificity ability and therapeutic efficiency. The present review highlights the current focus
on the application of nanocarrier systems using various ligand-based receptor-specific targeting
strategies for the treatment and management of HCC. Moreover, the article has also included information
on the current clinically approved drug therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and
updates of regulatory requirements for approval of such nanomedicines.
Vitiligo: An Updated Narrative Review
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Lam Joseph M. , Leong Kin Fon , Hon Kam Lun
Published: December 2020

Background:

Vitiligo is a relatively common acquired pigmentation disorder that can
cause significant psychological stress and stigmatism.

Objective:

This article aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation,
diagnosis, and management of vitiligo.

Methods:

A Pubmed search was conducted in Clinical Queries using the key term “vitiligo”. The
search included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies,
and reviews. The search was restricted to English language. The information retrieved from the
above search was used in the compilation of the present article.

Results:

Approximately one quarter of patients with vitiligo have the onset before 10 years of age.
Genetic, immunological, neurogenic and environmental factors may have a role to play in the
pathogenesis. Vitiligo typically presents as acquired depigmented, well-demarcated macules/patches
that appear milk- or chalk-white in color. Lesions tend to increase in number and enlarge centrifugally
in size with time. Sites of predilection include the face, followed by the neck, lower
limbs, trunk, and upper limbs. The clinical course is generally unpredictable. In children with fair
skin, no active treatment is usually necessary other than the use of sunscreens and camouflage cosmetics.
If treatment is preferred for cosmesis, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors,
and narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy are the mainstays of treatment.

Conclusion:

The therapeutic effect of all the treatment modalities varies considerably from individual
to individual. As such, treatment must be individualized. In general, the best treatment response
is seen in younger patients, recent disease onset, darker skin types, and head and neck lesions. Topical
corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors are the treatment choice for those with localized disease.
Topical calcineurin inhibitors are generally preferred for lesions on genitalia, intertriginous areas,
face, and neck. Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy should be considered in patients who
have widespread vitiligo or those with localized vitiligo associated with a significant impact on the
quality of life who do not respond to treatment with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors.
Anti-acne Treatment using Nanotechnology based on Novel Drug Delivery System and Patents on Acne Formulations: A Review
Authors: Singh Vandana , Redhu Rakesh , Verma Ravinder , Mittal Vineet , Kaushik Deepak
Published: December 2020

Background:

Acne is one of the most infectious diseases related to human skin. This disease
of acne is of higher prevalence in adults. The main causative organism involved in the acne vulgaris
is Propionibacterium acne, which leads to sebum production and follicular hyperkeratinization.

Methods:

The scientific data shows inflammatory mediators of genetic factors, stress, physiological
factor, androgens and hormonal changes; all these factors play a major part in the pathophysiology of
acne. Several drugs are currently available for the treatment of Acne like bactericidal, antibiotic and
several others which are directly or indirectly involved in the eradication of acne.

Results:

Nanocarrier systems including liposomes, niosomes, microsponges, nano-emulsion and
micro-emulsion, microspheres and solid lipid nanoparticles have emerged as a successful treatment
for acne. In this article, the authors have laid special emphasis on these nanocarriers and the study of
various patents based on novel technologies in this field. The entrapment of the anti-acne drug molecule
into a particular nanocarrier system has been shown to enhance patient compliance and reduction
in side-effects.

Conclusion:

The present review article provides an overview of the mechanism, advantages, drawbacks
and various patents associated with the nanocarrier systems involved in acne treatment. Some
state of the art patented and novel technologies such as stem cell secretion technology, sol-gel technology
incorporating microcapsules and ultrasound delivery of nanoparticles for acne treatment, are
also briefly discussed. The patent study on these nanocarriers was done through the worldwide database
of the United States patent office, European patent office and several other official patent information
websites.
Recovery of a 91-year-old COVID-19 Patient with Medical and Psychological Support
Authors: Zhang Dong , Liu Chunrong , Li Li
Published: December 2020

Background::

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is designated as a global pandemic. Elderly men with underlying
medical conditions are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and usually develop severe/
critical illness, therefore more attention we should be paid to them.

Objective::

Describe methods that may help old patients with COVID-19 recover.

Methods::

A case of a 91-year-old male COVID-19 patient in Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China, has
been reported here who survived after receiving supportive medical treatment and psychological
assistance.

Results::

In addition to medical interventions, psychological support may be needed to better treat
COVID-19 patients, including the elderly.

Conclusion::

Special care should be provided for elderly COVID-19 patients. Mutual understanding
and support between patients and health-care workers are essential during this pandemic.
Iconicidade não pictórica nos quadrinhos
Authors: Dos Santos Francisco Ednardo Pinho
Published: December 2020

A informação visual nos quadrinhos é icônica por excelência, expressando-se por meio figurativos e não figurativos. Este artigo analisa esse segundo tipo de manifestação icônica nas histórias em quadrinhos. Para tanto, emprega alguns conceitos da semiótica de Peirce, bem como as escalas de iconicidade propostas por Moles (2005) e por Villafañe (1988), apresentando alguns exemplos de iconicidade não pictórica retirados de obras em quadrinhos contemporâneas, e conclui que explorações inovadoras do leiaute da página, por exemplo, agregam à obra camadas adicionais de sentido, instaurando metáforas visuais e constituindo signos icônicos com alto valor estilístico.
O papel do humor na imprensa popular e no teatro de revista no Rio de Janeiro finissecular
Authors: Góes Lara
Published: December 2020

Este artigo analisa o papel do humor como mediador entre o universo popular e tradicional no fim do século XIX, no Rio de Janeiro. A imprensa popular era formada por jornalistas que exerciam papéis de músicos e críticos literários o que facilitava sua incursão e formação da opinião pública no que diz respeito à insurgente música popular e sua relação com a expectativa de formação da nova República.
Conferencias completas de Ramón del Valle-Inclán
Authors: Pazos-Justo Carlos
Published: December 2020

O volume Conferencias completas de Ramón del Valle-Inclán, mais em detalhe, inscreve-se dentro do projeto “La obra y el legado manuscrito de Valle-Inclán: ediciones y estudios críticos” (FFI2015-70845-R) e contou para a sua publicação com a colaboração da Secretaría Xeral de Cultura da Xunta de Galicia.
Feedback múltiplo em tarefas escritas realizadas por aprendentes chineses – Retenção
Authors: Gonçalves Liliana
Published: December 2020

Neste trabalho, descrevemos não só as diversas formas de dar feedback aos aprendentes, neste caso chineses, após a realização de uma tarefa escrita, mas também o processo que adotámos para tornar o trabalho de correção mais eficiente e eficaz. Assim, na parte mais teórica deste estudo, abordamos o feedback dado pelos pares (colegas de turma) e o feedback que envolve o docente, não só escrito (direto e indireto), mas também face a face. Na parte prática deste trabalho, analisáamos como o ‘método’ de correção e de reescrita adotado torna o processo mais reflexivo e ponderado, verificando-se não só o melhoramento dos textos, mas também a retenção de aspetos compreendidos e corrigidos, ainda que essa retenção não seja total na maioria dos casos.
Novas políticas linguísticas e aquisição de competências plurilingues profissionais aplicadas ao ensino de sinofalantes
Authors: Martins Susana Duarte
Published: December 2020

A mobilidade estudantil e o investimento económico dos empresários chineses em Portugal têm vindo a refletir-se no interesse pelo estudo da língua portuguesa por sinofalantes. Perante esta realidade, pretendemos demonstrar como as relações económicas entre a China e Portugal podem ser fortalecidas através da aposta no desenvolvimento de competências linguísticas orientadas para os contextos profissional e académico. Partindo do enquadramento das políticas de língua europeias e portuguesas, mediante a análise dos principais documentos orientadores, concebidos a partir do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas, demonstraremos a necessidade de uma resposta mais adequada em termos de políticas linguísticas às necessidades de aprendizagem do português por parte dos estudantes e profissionais estrangeiros, manifestada pela ausência de referenciais para o ensino de línguas no ensino superior e pela falta de visibilidade da língua para fins específicos nestes documentos. Considerando as questões da abordagem intercultural (Byram & Morgan1994) e da análise de necessidades nas línguas para fins específicos(Munby 1978),discutem-se as repercussões que podem advir de modelos relacionais e negociais distintos, com especial ênfase para os contextos empresariais chinês e português, sustentados por estudos realizados no âmbito da comunicação e da gestão intercultural (Finuras 2018). Sendo no contexto da gestão intercultural que contactamos com códigos de conduta e de valores de diferentes povos colocados em relação, apontamos esta como uma via importante para o reforço dos programas de português para fins específicos orientados para os negócios, que deverão ter os elementos lexiculturais (Galisson 1987)sempre presentes.
Sobre a tradução da partícula aspetual Chinesa GUO para o Português com base num corpus paralelo Chinês-Português
Authors: Hu Zhihua , Roberto Maria Teresa , Suoying Wang
Published: December 2020

O trabalho que apresentamos tem por objetivo analisar as alternativas de conversão da partícula aspetual chinesa guo para o português. Em chinês, a partícula aspetual guo fica depois dos verbos, expressando o acontecimento das ações no passado e indicando o aspeto experiencial. Como em português não existe tal classe de palavra, a função desempenhada por esta partícula aspetual chinesa, aquando da tradução, é transmitida em português por via de diferentes recursos sintáticos e lexicais. Para verificar as suas alternativas de conversão para o português, recorremos a um corpus paralelo constituído por textos chineses e portugueses, sendo o chinês língua-fonte e o português língua-alvo. Mediante a análise dos exemplos encontrados no corpus em relação ao uso da partícula aspetual guo, procuramos discutir as possíveis orientações de conversão desta partícula aspetual para o português e, com isso, esperamos poder ajudar os tradutores a compreenderem e a dominarem essas possíveis conversões.
Manuais para o ensino de línguas estrangeiras – Um estudo com aprendentes chineses
Authors: Nunes Ana Margarida Belém , Matos Maria Isabel
Published: December 2020

De acordo com as novas teorias pedagógicas, para garantir o sucesso da aprendizagem é importante respeitar a identidade cultural dos aprendentes. Quem prepara um manual didático procura enquadrar as novas abordagens de ensino e aquisição de língua estrangeira/segunda,respeitando a identidade cultural dos alunos. Neste artigo apresentam-se resultados de um questionário apresentado a jovens chineses aprendentes de Português língua estrangeira, que estão habituados a um método tradicional de ensino com foco na gramática e tradução. Procurámos saber qual a avaliação que fazem dos manuais adotados para o ensino de português língua estrangeira. Regra geral, pode dizer-se que apesar de gostarem do método tradicional de ensino, estão bastante recetivos a novos modelos pedagógicos.
As tornadas das canções nos séculos XII a XVI, dos trovadores a Camões
Authors: De Brito Matheus
Published: December 2020

Trata-se de um estudo da Canção (cansó, canzone, canción) como gênero num recorte histórico. À tarefa presta-se uma abordagem da retórica, como também da teoria e da história da comunicação escrita, e da história literária. Através da comparação de tornadas ou commiati em ordem cronológica, podemos ver como essa estrutura adquire progressivamente a função de estabilizar um teor moral conveniente ao modo compositivo, e como mais tarde essa orientação para uma ‘semântica textual’ é deslocada, com o enfraquecimento da valência moral, o que faz da tornada índice muito específico da pragmática histórica da escrita de poesia. Na segunda parte, o trabalho foca em tornadas de Luís de Camões, especialmente no modo como suas canções encenam esse deslocamento.
Introdução
Authors: Lam Sun
Published: December 2020

O presente número da revista Diacrítica é dedicado aos Estudos Luso-Asiáticos, por iniciativa do Grupo de Estudos Luso-Asiáticos(GELA), inserido no Centro de Estudos Humanísticos da Universidade do Minho (CEHUM).
Krisis, identiteit en kritiek
Authors: Vervoort Tivadar
Published: December 2020

Dit essay begrijpt het project van Krisis vanuit ‘het epistemologische probleem van de kritische theorie’, namelijk: vanuit welk standpunt is emancipatoire kritiek überhaupt mogelijk? Door de kritische theorie in brede zin op te vatten, worden vormen van politieke contestatie en de theoretisering daarvan die vaak als 'identiteitspolitiek' worden weggezet besproken in relatie tot de vroege denkers van de kritische theorie (Lukács, Adorno, Horkheimer) en het late werk van Foucault over tegengedrag.
40 jaar Krisis: Inleiding tot het jubileumnummer
Authors: Gabriëls René
Published: December 2020

The philosophical journal Krisis has been around for 40 years this year. The editorial board wanted to celebrate this by asking four editors from the past and the current editor-in-chief to shed light on the past, present and future of Krisis. In this introduction, some of the developments of the journal are briefly mentioned. Despite all kinds of changes that have taken place since Krisis was founded in 1980, the journal has remained true to itself.
Strategi Panti Sosial Marsudi Putra (PSMP) Antasena Magelang dalam Pelayan dan Rehabilitasi Anak Berhadapan Hukum (ABH)
Authors: Maghfiroh Shinta Astrini , Pratiwi Poerwanti Hadi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang kondisi dan latar belakang Anak Berhadapan Hukum (ABH) yang berada di PSMP Antasena, strategi yang dilaksanakan oleh PSMP Antasena dalam melakukan pelayanan dan rehabilitasi terhadap ABH, serta manfaatnya Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dalam  penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik validasi yang dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi data. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis model Miles dan Huberman yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi latar belakang ABH sehingga melakukan tindakan penyimpangan dipengaruhi oleh faktor ketidakharmonisan keluarga, pergaulan teman sebaya, kemiskinan, serta kemajuan teknologi yang semakin bebas. Strategi PSMP Antasena dilakukan melalui beberapa program dan kegiatan yaitu; case conference, bimbingan agama, konseling dan terapi psikososial, penegakan hukum, bimbingan etika sosial, pemberian keteladanan, keterbukaan komunikasi, penekanan kata-kata, konsultasi keluarga, dan bimbingan lanjut. Manfaat yang diberikan kepada ABH dari adanya pelayanan dan rehabilitasi adalah membentuk pola kebiasaan yang baik, membentuk kesadaran dan kemampuan diri, membentuk akhlak yang ramah dan santun, melatih ketrampilan, serta pada saat setelah keluar dari panti telah siap untuk kembali bersosialisasi dengan keluarga dan masyarakat.
Diseño de una revista impresa como herramienta de difusión de tradiciones y costumbres del pueblo Kichwa Otavalo
Authors: Guerrero Portilla Jorge Leonardo , Díaz Gispert Lidia Inés , Cahuasqui Anrango José Alberto
Published: December 2020

Otavalo es un cantón ubicado en la sierra norte del Ecuador, cuna del pueblo Kichwa Otavalo, cuya cultura milenaria los ha identificado a través del paso del tiempo. Sin embargo, las costumbres y tradiciones identificativas de la región, se han ido perdiendo en las nuevas generaciones. Siendo así se establece como objetivo diseñar una revista impresa, como herramienta de difusión de tradiciones y costumbres del pueblo Kichwa Otavalo. La investigación es de carácter descriptiva no experimental, no se manipulan deliberadamente las variables. Se elaboró una encuesta validada según el consenso de expertos seleccionados, por mediación de la Prueba W de Kendall. La muestra se calcula de acuerdo a un muestreo probabilístico, con una confiabilidad del 90% y un error máximo permisible igual a 0,05, mientras que la proporción muestral estimada fue del 50%, por la inexistencia de investigaciones anteriores. La fiabilidad de la encuesta se obtuvo por intermedio del Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados denotan la validez de la propuesta en el diseño de una revista impresa para la difusión de las tradiciones y costumbres del pueblo Kichwa Otavalo.
millennials como segmento del mercado interno de la Habana
Authors: González Basanta Olivia , Torres Hechavarría Lisandra , Cruz Pérez Yudemir , Milán Fonseca Pedro Pablo
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito la caracterización del segmento Millennial del mercado interno de La Habana. Se organizó en tres fases, correspondientes a (1) la revisión bibliográfica de fuentes de información existentes, el análisis documental y la búsqueda referencial en Internet; (2) al diseño de un cuestionario con diversidad de preguntas y un grupo focal con voluntarios para la obtención de información primaria directamente de la población y (3) a la organización y procesamiento de la información obtenida a partir del diseño de su correspondiente análisis estadístico-matemático. La investigación arrojó como resultado principal una caracterización del segmento a partir de la hipersegmentación realizada a través del software SPSS Statistics versión 22 de IBM y el análisis de cada variable de manera independiente, mostrando una segmentación en dos clústeres con características similares al segmento Millennial internacional, principalmente para aquellos individuos en los rangos de edad de 25 a 29 y de 30 a 34 años, no siendo así para aquellos entre 35 y 38 años. Se evidencia un desfase al contrastar las características identificadas por otros autores en el ámbito internacional.
Памяти Д. Н. Костышина (1950–2020)
Authors: Рычаловский Евгений Евгеньевич
Published: December 2020

Obituary of D. N. Kostyshin (1950-2020)
Олинька: история одного скандала
Authors: Лифшиц А. Л.
Published: December 2020

Пьеса князя А. М. Белосельского Олинька, или Первоначальная любовь – важный текст для понимания процессов, происходивших в русской литературе конца царствования Екатерины II и начала правления Павла I, а также для того, как они оценивались в следующих поколениях. Анекдот, рассказанный Петром Андреевичем Вяземским о скандале, который последовал за представлением оперы, на долгое время заменил собой анализ текста этого сочинения, обстоятельств его создания и постановки. В статье сделана попытка верифицировать свидетельства мемуариста, установлены ошибки и неточности повествователя, высказаны предположения о том, что на самом деле и когда происходило в домашнем театре Столыпина в Москве.
eHealth Delivery of Educational Content Using Selected Visual Methods to Improve Health Literacy on Lifestyle-Related Diseases: Literature Review
Authors: Aida Azusa , Svensson Thomas , Svensson Akiko Kishi , Chung Ung-Il , Yamauchi Toshimasa
Published: December 2020

Background

Lifestyle-related diseases, such as stroke, heart disease, and diabetes, are examples of noncommunicable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases are now the leading cause of death in the world, and their major causes are lifestyle related. The number of eHealth interventions is increasing, which is expected to improve individuals’ health literacy on lifestyle-related diseases.

Objective

This literature review aims to identify existing literature published in the past decade on eHealth interventions aimed at improving health literacy on lifestyle-related diseases among the general population using selected visual methods, such as educational videos, films, and movies.

Methods

A systematic literature search of the PubMed database was conducted in April 2019 for papers written in English and published from April 2, 2009, through April 2, 2019. A total of 538 papers were identified and screened in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow diagram. Finally, 23 papers were included in this review.

Results

The 23 papers were characterized according to study characteristics (author and year of publication, study design and region where the study was conducted, study objective, service platform, target disease and participant age, research period, outcomes, and research method); the playback time of the educational videos, films, and movies; and the evaluation of the study’s impacts on health literacy. A total of 7 studies compared results using statistical methods. Of these, 5 studies reported significant positive effects of the intervention on health literacy and health-related measures (eg, physical activity, body weight). Although most of the studies included educational content aimed at improving health literacy, only 7 studies measured health literacy. In addition, only 5 studies assessed literacy using health literacy measurement tools.

Conclusions

This review found that the provision of educational content was satisfactory in most eHealth studies using selected visual methods, such as videos, films, and movies. These findings suggest that eHealth interventions influence people’s health behaviors and that the need for this intervention is expected to increase. Despite the need to develop eHealth interventions, standardized measurement tools to evaluate health literacy are lacking. Further research is required to clarify acceptable health literacy measurements.
A Screening Method Using Anomaly Detection on a Smartphone for Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnostic Case-Control Study (Preprint)
Authors: Koyama Takafumi , Sato Shusuke , Toriumi Madoka , Watanabe Takuro , Nimura Akimoto , Okawa Atsushi , Sugiura Yuta , Fujita Koji
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a medical condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel due to aging or overuse of the hand. The symptoms include numbness of the fingers and atrophy of the thenar muscle. Thenar atrophy recovers slowly postoperatively; therefore, early diagnosis and surgery are important. While physical examinations and nerve conduction studies are used to diagnose CTS, problems with the diagnostic ability and equipment, respectively, exist. Despite research on a CTS-screening app that uses a tablet and machine learning, problems with the usage rate of tablets and data collection for machine learning remain.

OBJECTIVE

To make data collection for machine learning easier and more available, we developed a screening app for CTS using a smartphone and an anomaly detection algorithm, aiming to examine our system as a useful screening tool for CTS.

METHODS

In total, 36 participants were recruited, comprising 36 hands with CTS and 27 hands without CTS. Participants controlled the character in our app using their thumbs. We recorded the position of the thumbs and time; generated screening models that classified CTS and non-CTS using anomaly detection and an autoencoder; and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC).

RESULTS

Participants with and without CTS were classified with 94% sensitivity, 67% specificity, and an AUC of 0.86. When dividing the data by direction, the model with data in the same direction as the thumb opposition had the highest AUC of 0.99, 92% sensitivity, and 100% specificity.

CONCLUSIONS

Our app could reveal the difficulty of thumb opposition for patients with CTS and screen for CTS with high sensitivity and specificity. The app is highly accessible because of the use of smartphones and can be easily enhanced by anomaly detection.
Designing an mHealth Intervention for People With Visible Differences Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Participatory Study Gaining Stakeholders’ Input (Preprint)
Authors: Zucchelli Fabio , Donnelly Olivia , Rush Emma , Smith Harriet , Williamson Heidi ,   The VTCT Foundation Research Team
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Given their growing popularity, mobile health (mHealth) apps may offer a viable method of delivering psychological interventions for people with an atypical appearance (ie, visible difference) who struggle with appearance-related distress. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a third-wave cognitive behavioral approach, has been used effectively in mHealth and is being increasingly applied clinically to common psychosocial difficulties associated with visible differences. We planned to design an ACT-based mHealth intervention (ACT It Out) for this population.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to gain key stakeholder input from user representatives and psychological clinicians to optimize the intervention’s design for future development and uptake. To do so, we explored considerations relating to mHealth as a delivery platform for adults with visible differences and elicited stakeholders’ design preferences and ideas based on initial author-created content.

METHODS

Within a participatory design framework, we used a mix of qualitative methods, including usability sessions and a focus group in a face-to-face workshop, and interviews and textual feedback collected remotely, all analyzed using template analysis. A total of 6 user representatives and 8 clinicians were recruited for this study.

RESULTS

Our findings suggest that there are likely to be strengths and challenges of mHealth as an intervention platform for the study population, with key concerns being user safeguarding and program adherence. Participants expressed design preferences toward relatable human content, interactive and actionable features, flexibility of use, accessibility, and engaging content.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings offer valuable design directions for ACT It Out and related interventions, emphasizing the need to carefully guide users through the intervention while acknowledging the limited time and space that mHealth affords.
Tinjauan Ancaman dan Solusi Keamanan pada Teknologi Internet of Things
Authors: Najib Warsun , Sulistyo Selo , Widyawan
Published: December 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) adalah teknologi yang sangat populer akhir-akhir ini di seluruh dunia, yang membantu meng-hubungkan objek-objek seperti sensor, kendaraan, instrumen rumah sakit, industri, dan peralatan rumah tangga melalui internet. Perangkat pintar yang ringkas merupakan bagian penting dari IoT. Perangkat ini beragam dalam penggunaan, ukuran, sumber daya komputasi, dan memori. Namun, pengintegrasian peranti-peranti cerdas ini ke dalam jaringan internet memunculkan berbagai tantangan keamanan karena mayoritas teknologi internet dan protokol komunikasi tidak dirancang secara khusus untuk mendukung peranti IoT. Selain itu, komersialisasi IoT telah menyebabkan masalah keamanan, termasuk masalah privasi, ancaman serangan dunia maya, dan kejahatan terorganisasi. Untuk memberikan pedoman bagi pihak-pihak yang ingin mengembangkan keamanan IoT dan berkontribusi pada peningkatannya, survei ini berupaya memberikan daftar kerentanan dan penanggulangan secara komprehensif terhadap ancaman-ancaman tadi. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, pertama-tama dipaparkan tiga model referensi IoT yang dikenal luas dan mendefinisikan keamanan dalam konteks IoT. Kedua, dibahas kemungkinan penerapan IoT pada berbagai bidang dan potensi serta motivasi para penyerang yang menargetkan teknologi IoT ini. Ketiga, dilakukan identifikasi dan klasifikasi berbagai serangan dan ancaman IoT. Keempat, dideskripsikan metode penanggulangan terhadap serangan IoT. Pada bagian akhir, diperkenalkan dua tantangan keamanan IoT yang muncul yang
Análisis bibliométrico de la literatura en ciencias de la información 2010-2020
Authors: Polo Bautista Luis Roberto , Martínez Acevedo Karen Vanessa
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos respecto al análisis bibliométrico de la literatura en el tema de las ciencias de la información, los trabajos publicados abarcan desde el año 2010 hasta la primera mitad de 2020. Web of Science (WoS) es la fuente de información principal donde se obtuvieron los datos bibliográficos para la realización de este trabajo. El análisis bibliométrico abarca una serie de indicadores que especifican tanto las temáticas más abordadas en los artículos como redes bibliométricas de coautoría y colaboración entre instituciones. Durante el periodo definido de análisis, se identifican un total de 9 625 artículos, distribuidos en 313 fuentes de información, de igual manera se identifican un total de 15 028 autores de los cuales una gran parte son de nacionalidad extranjera entre Estados Unidos, China y España.
The Prime state and its quantum relatives
Authors: García-Martín D. , Ribas E. , Carrazza S. , Latorre J.I. , Sierra G.
Published: December 2020

The Prime state of n qubits, |Pn⟩, is defined as the uniform superposition of all the computational-basis states corresponding to prime numbers smaller than 2n. This state encodes, quantum mechanically, arithmetic properties of the primes. We first show that the Quantum Fourier Transform of the Prime state provides a direct access to Chebyshev-like biases in the distribution of prime numbers. We next study the entanglement entropy of |Pn⟩ up to n=30 qubits, and find a relation between its scaling and the Shannon entropy of the density of square-free integers. This relation also holds when the Prime state is constructed using a qudit basis, showing that this property is intrinsic to the distribution of primes. The same feature is found when considering states built from the superposition of primes in arithmetic progressions. Finally, we explore the properties of other number-theoretical quantum states, such as those defined from odd composite numbers, square-free integers and starry primes. For this study, we have developed an open-source library that diagonalizes matrices using floats of arbitrary precision.
Effect of supraspinal influences on the manifestation of presynaptic inhibition Ia afferents in different types of muscle contraction in humans
Authors: Bogdanov S. M. , Gladchenko D. A. , Roshchina L. V. , Chelnokov A. A.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Тhe biological role of presynaptic inhibition is to regulate excessive skeletal muscle tone, which prevents the execution of arbitrary muscle contractions. In the modern literature, there is information devoted mainly to the study of various types of spinal inhibition in the isometric type of contraction. The aim: determining the role of supraspinal influences from brain stem structures on the activity of presynaptic inhibition when performing various types and sizes of muscle contractions in humans. Materials and methods: 20-22 year-old healthy men (n=6) took part in the research. Presynaptic inhibition was registered at rest; at rest in combination with the performance of Jendrassik maneuver; when performing concentric, eccentric, isometric contractions of 50 % and 100 % of the individual maximum without and against the background of Jendrassik maneuver. Results: During the execution of concentric, eccentric and isometric contractions of different sizes, the severity of presynaptic inhibition decreases in comparison with rest, both without taking Jendrassik maneuver, and against the background of its execution. With an increase in the strength of concentric, eccentric, and isometric contractions from 50 % to 100 % of the individual maximum, the severity of presynaptic inhibition progressively decreased under the same experimental conditions. Without taking Jendrassik maneuver, the greatest severity of presynaptic inhibition was observed with concentric and isometric contractions of 50 % and 100 % of the MVC, and against the background of taking Jendrassik maneuver - with an isometric type of reduction of 50 % and 100 % of the MVC. Conclusion. Supraspinal descending effects caused by the Jendrassik maneuver modulate the state of presynaptic inhibition Ia of the afferents of the flexor muscle of the foot, depending on the type and strength of muscle contraction.
Artificial “Intelligence” and the Human Mind: Futuristic Synecdoche and Reality (Linguistic and Linguomental Aspects)
Authors: Volkov Valery V.
Published: December 2020

The study aims to make a model of the semantic processes taking place during hermeneutic interpretation of the Russian terminological word-combination искусственный интеллект ( artificial intelligence ) in comparison with the noun ум ( mind ). The relevance of the work is due to the fact that nave (i.e., who does not have special knowledge) native speakers tend to identify (1) mind, (2) intelligence, (3) those imitations of human cognitive activities that are associated with the use of automata and computer equipment. The semantics of the noun ум ( mind ) refers to everything that is connected with consciousness in all its manifestations; in this sense, the concept of mind is among the primary concepts that cannot be correctly defined. The word интеллект (intelligence) captures only a certain part of the mind, namely, the cognitive abilities. The human mind, consciousness is beyond the capabilities of computer imitation; intelligence, understood as cognitive abilities, is partially amenable to techno-electronic modeling. The term искусственный интеллект ( artificial intelligence ) is constructed as a double synecdoche: 1) a part instead of a whole (intelligence as a part - mind as a whole); 2) a whole instead of a part (intelligence as a whole - representing this whole set of electrical impulses in the computer - a mechanism for working with data). The semantic result is the basis of the transhuman ideology, which is based on the identification of the mind, intelligence, and computer simulations. The term artificial intelligence in stylistic and cultural aspects: 1) personification of the mechanism (robot, automaton, computer), 2) depersonification of the person (human); in general - depersonificational travesty. The personification of virtual simulation intelligence and depersonification of real, authentic intelligence / mind are interpreted as the neutralization of privative antonymic opposition, as the formation of a virtual middle element, which is related to the dehumanization of human race as a fundamental problem of our time.