bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Microstructure, Deformation and Fracture Properties of an Ultrahigh Strength Medium‐Mn Steel Processed by Quenching and Tempering
Authors: Wang Hesong , Shen Fuhui , Wang Yue , Yan Fengkai , Chang Zhiyuan , Yu Cansheng , Kang Jian , Münstermann Sebastian
Published: March 2023

Herein, a medium‐Mn steel containing 4 wt% Mn is designed to achieve ultrahigh tensile strength and good ductility by the quenching and tempering process. The effects of tempering temperature on the microstructure, tensile behavior, and fracture properties under different stress states are explored. It is observed that tempering temperature influences the fracture mechanisms of the ultrahigh‐strength steels. Both ductile fracture strain and cleavage fracture strength of the investigated medium‐Mn steel are affected by the tempering temperature. The impacts of tempering temperature on volume fraction, carbon content of retained austenite (RA), and tensile properties are quantitatively analyzed. Detailed microstructure analysis reveals that both volume fraction and carbon content of the RA are increased in the tempered steels, accompanied by improved tensile properties than in quenched conditions. The superior tensile properties are achieved after tempering at 250 °C, with the ultrahigh yield strength of 1590 MPa, ultrahigh tensile strength of 1963 MPa, and total elongation of 12%. The corresponding relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties is investigated, with a focus on the change of residual stress, the occurrence of carbon redistribution/carbide precipitation, the decrease of dislocation density of martensite, and the presence of transformation‐induced plasticity effect during deformation.
Austenite Formation and Manganese Partitioning during Double Soaking of an Ultralow Carbon Medium‐Manganese Steel
Authors: Mueller Josh J. , Glover Alexandra G. , Matlock David K. , Speer John G. , De Moor Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Double soaking (DS) is a thermal processing route intended to produce austenite–martensite microstructures in steels containing austenite‐stabilizing additions and consists of intercritical annealing (primary soaking), followed by heating and brief isothermal holding at an increased temperature (secondary soaking), and quenching. Herein, experimental dilatometry during DS of a medium‐manganese (Mn) steel with nominally 7 wt% Mn and an ultralow residual carbon concentration, in combination with phase‐field simulations of austenite formation during secondary soaking, is presented. The feasibility of maintaining heterogeneous Mn distributions during DS is demonstrated and insight is provided on the effects of the secondary soaking temperature and prior Mn distribution on the ferrite‐to‐austenite phase transformation during the secondary soaking portion of the DS treatment.
Teach an old dog new tricks: Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) in Australian shepherd dogs
Authors: Kajin Filip , Schuwerk Lukas , Beineke Andreas , Volk Holger A. , Meyerhoff Nina , Nessler Jasmin
Published: March 2023

Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin is mostly considered a disease of young small dogs and terrier breeds, while older dogs presenting with clinical signs of deteriorating encephalopathy are more commonly diagnosed with intracranial neoplasia. In this case series, three Australian shepherd dogs, 7, 10 and 11 years old, were diagnosed with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin; with serial magnetic resonance imaging in two dogs and postmortem examination in one dog. Follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging examination after 4 months showed complete resolution of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in one dog treated with prednisolone. The other dog had a recurrence of clinical signs and multifocal de novo lesions noted in magnetic resonance imaging done at 23 months after diagnosis and tapering of prednisolone. In older dogs, a diagnosis of intracranial neoplasia should not be assumed based on clinical signs of deteriorating encephalopathy alone, and meningoencephalitis of unknown origin should be on the differential list. Older dogs diagnosed with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin can have good outcomes with immunomodulatory therapy.
Projections of synoptic anticyclones for the twenty-first century
Authors: Pepler Acacia
Published: March 2023

Synoptic anticyclones are a common feature of subtropical and midlatitude climate and are associated with descending air and clear conditions, while associated anticyclonic circulation anomalies can contribute to temperature extremes. When anticyclones are tracked in both the ERA5 reanalysis and 10 global climate models from the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) using a common grid, the CMIP5 models consistently underestimate the observed frequency of anticyclones in the southern hemisphere, while overestimating anticyclone frequencies in the northern hemisphere. Under a high emissions scenario, the overall frequency of anticyclones is projected to decline over the twenty-first century. Declines are largest in the southern hemisphere subtropics, where projected changes in anticyclone frequency can be linked to the projected poleward shift in the Southern Annular Mode. Stronger and more robust declines are projected for the subset of quasi-stationary anticyclones that move less than 4° over 24 h. Using the Australian region as a case study, regionally downscaled models show very similar projected changes to the driving CMIP5 models, adding little additional value for understanding projected changes in anticyclones.
Colorism in the Indian subcontinent—insights through situated affectivity
Authors: Bajwa Marium Javaid , von Maur Imke , Stephan Achim
Published: March 2023

Consistent discriminatory practices associated with dark and black skin color underpin the persistence of colorism and racism in the Indian subcontinent. To understand better how skin color ideologies occupy the mind of people with the effect of marginalizing those with dark skin color and promoting whiteness as a social capital, we will apply the paradigm of situated affectivity. The conceptual tools developed in this framework will help to see how the environmental structures that perpetuate colorism have a pervasive influence on individuals’ values and their emotional repertoire from a very young age. After having documented how the minds of individuals are invaded with discriminatory colorist positions, we will present how people indulge in processes of user-resource interactions assumed to help regulating their affect, that in turn, result in re-enforcing again colorist and racist ideologies and practices.
Potential Factors Associated with the Blood Metal Concentrations of Reproductive-Age Women in Taiwan
Authors: Ying Tsung-Ho , Huang Chun-Jui , Hsieh Chia-Jung , Wu Pei-Ju , Yeh Chang-Ching , Hung Ping-Kun , Chang Wei-Hsiang , Wu Meng-Hsing , Hung Hsin , Chang Jung-Wei , Wang Chen-Tai , Arcega Rachelle D. , Mahmudiono Trias , Lee Ching-Chang , Chen Hsiu-Ling
Published: March 2023

Exposure of reproductive-age women to toxic trace elements warrants attention because of their negative effects. This study aimed to investigate the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) in the blood of 837 Taiwanese childbearing-age women and establish the correlation between their dietary pattern and heavy metal concentration. The concentrations of Cd and Pb were significantly higher in nonpregnant women than in pregnant women (Cd: 2.41 µg/L vs. 2.12 µg/L; Pb: 0.83 µg/dL vs. 0.73 µg/dL), whereas the concentration of Cr was significantly lower in nonpregnant women than in pregnant women (Cr: 0.98 µg/L vs. 1.05 µg/L). Otherwise, no significant differences in As (9.02 µg/L vs. 9.51 µg/L) and Hg (3.71 µg/L vs. 3.79 µg/L) were found between the nonpregnant and pregnant women. Overall, the blood metal concentrations of Cd and Hg showed a decreasing trend in the different pregnancy stages. The levels of As and Hg were highly correlated with seafood intake. Finally, lifestyle habits, such as burning incense usage and Chinese herb intake may contribute to metal accumulation in maternal or reproductive-age women. Preventive risk communication and educational strategies should be applied to these subgroups in view of food safety and public health concern.

Graphical Abstract
A novel network intrusion detection method based on metaheuristic optimisation algorithms
Authors: Ghanbarzadeh Reza , Hosseinalipour Ali , Ghaffari Ali
Published: March 2023

The growing use of the Internet with its vulnerabilities has necessitated the adoption of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to assure security. IDSs are protective systems that detect outsider infiltrations, unauthorised accesses and malfunctions occurring in computer networks. Intrusions can be detected and reported to the network administrator by IDSs using various pieces of information such as port scanning and irregular traffic detection. Intrusion detection is a classification problem, and identifying effective features is an essential aspect of classification methods. Standard methods used for classification are neural networks, fuzzy logic, data mining techniques and metaheuristics. One of the novel metaheuristic algorithms introduced to address optimisation problems is the Horse herd Optimisation Algorithm (HOA). This paper introduces a new approach on the basis of HOA for network intrusion detection. The new method uses horse behaviours in the herd to select effective features to detect intrusions and interactions between features. For the purpose of the new approach, HOA is first updated into a discrete algorithm using the floor function. The binarised algorithm is then converted into a quantum-inspired optimiser by integrating the concepts of quantum computing with HOA to improve the social behaviours of the horses in the herd. In quantum computing, Q-bit and Q-gate aid in striking a greater balance between the exploration and exploitation processes. The resulting algorithm is then converted into a multi-objective algorithm, where the objectives can be chosen from a set of optimal solutions. The new algorithm, MQBHOA, is then used for intrusion detection in computer networks, which is a multi-objective optimisation problem. For the classification, the K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) classifier is applied. To evaluate the new algorithm’s performance, two data sets, NSL-KDD (Network Security Laboratory—Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining) and CSE-CIC-IDS2018, are employed in which the network packets are classified into five categories: normal packets plus four intrusions packet types of Denial of Service (DoS), User to Root (U2R), Remote to Local (R2L) and Probing (Prob). The new algorithm’s performance was evaluated and compared with other well-known metaheuristic algorithms, and the influence of the parameters of the algorithm on the degree of intrusion was investigated. The results show a 6% more success rate in the average size of feature selection and the accuracy of classification in comparison with other evaluated algorithms. It also demonstrates an accuracy of 99.8% in detecting network intrusions compared to other methods.
The Role of Community Engagement in Urban Innovation Towards the Co-Creation of Smart Sustainable Cities
Authors: Anthony Bokolo
Published: March 2023

One of the most recent topics in smart cities is community engagement which has been generally deliberated in both industrial and academic literature around the approaches and tools employed in urban environment. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to advocate for community engagement as a key driver that supports the acquisition of knowledge and requirements needed for innovation and creativity towards achieving an equitable community for social sustainability. A semi-systematic review method is adopted to analyze 71 sources from Web of Science and Scopus databases. Secondary data from the literature is extracted and synthesized to provide narrative and descriptive analysis. Findings from this study presents a developed model that can support community engagement for urban innovation by specifying factors that influences community engagement for smart sustainable city development. The model enables citizens, policy makers, government, urban planners, academics, and enterprises in urban environment to connect, interact, engage, and co-create innovative services. More importantly findings from this research provides theoretical evidence on administrative and non-administrative stakeholder’s involvement towards co-creation of urban services towards smart sustainable cities. Furthermore, this study provides recommendation on how community engagement perspective involving different stakeholders can help to achieve resilient technological driven city by supporting sustainable development and ultimately actualizing a socially inclusive urban space.
Racial discrimination in surgery: A systematic review
Authors: El Boghdady Michael , Ewalds-Kvist Beatrice Marianne
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Racial/ethnic discrimination indicates the stereotyped or unkind conduct of superiority towards other persons based on their race or skin color. The UK General Medical Council published a statement supporting zero-tolerance approach to racism in the workplace. We aimed to systematically review racial discrimination in surgery and answer the following questions: (1) Does racial/ethnic discrimination in surgery exist in citations from the last 5 years. (2) If yes, are ways suggested to reduce racial/ethnic discrimination in surgery?

Methods

The systematic review was performed in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines along AMSTAR 2. A 5-year literature search was carried out on PubMed for articles published from 1/1/2017 to 01/11/2022. Search terms were ‘racial discrimination and surgery’, ‘racism OR discrimination AND surgery’, ‘racism OR discrimination AND surgical education’. The retrieved citations were quality assessed by MERSQI and evidence graded by GRADE.

Results

A total of 9116 participants responded with a mean of 1013 (SD = 2408) responses per citations reported in 9 studies from a final list of 10 included citations. Nine studies were from USA and 1 from South Africa. There was evidence of racial discrimination in the last 5 years and the results were justified on strong scientific evidence constituting the basis for evidence grade I. The second question’s answer was ‘yes’ which was defendable on moderate scientific recommendation and thereby establishing the basis for evidence grade II.

Conclusion

There was sufficient evidence for the presence of racial discrimination in surgical practice in the last 5 years. Ways to decrease racial discrimination in surgery exist. Healthcare and training systems must increase the awareness of these issues to eliminate the harmful effect on the individual as well as on the level of the surgical team performance. The existence of the discussed problems must be managed in more countries with diverse healthcare systems.
An individualized digital twin of a patient for transdermal fentanyl therapy for chronic pain management
Authors: Bahrami Flora , Rossi René Michel , De Nys Katelijne , Defraeye Thijs
Published: March 2023

Fentanyl transdermal therapy is a suitable treatment for moderate-to-severe cancer-related pain. The inter-individual variability of the patients leads to different therapy responses. This study aims to determine the effect of physiological features on the achieved pain relief. Therefore, a set of virtual patients was developed by using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based on actual patient data. The members of this virtual population differ by age, weight, gender, and height. Tailored digital twins were developed using these correlated, individualized parameters to propose a personalized therapy for each patient. It was shown that patients of different ages, weights, and gender have significantly different fentanyl blood uptake, plasma fentanyl concentration, pain relief, and ventilation rate. In the digital twins, we included the virtual patients’ response to the treatment, namely, pain relief. Therefore, the digital twin was able to adjust the therapy in silico to have more efficient pain relief. By implementing digital-twin-assisted therapy, the average pain intensity decreased by 16% compared to conventional therapy. The median time without pain increased by 23 h over 72 h. Therefore, the digital twin can be successfully used in individual control of transdermal therapy to reach higher pain relief and maintain steady pain relief.

Graphical Abstract

(Created with BioRender.com)
Quality characteristics and analysis of input parameters on laser beam welding of hairpin windings in electric drives
Authors: Omlor Markus , Seitz Niklas , Butzmann Tom , Petrich Tobias , Gräf Rolf , Hesse Ann-Christin , Dilger Klaus
Published: March 2023

The relevance of electric drives in individual mobility is continuously increasing. This requires the use of new manufacturing processes in automotive production. In modern stators, the so-called hairpin winding is used. The production process entails rectangular copper conductors (hairpin) to be contacted by laser beam welding. To avoid temperature peaks due to resistance heating in the current-carrying wire, a high cross-sectional area in the welding seam is required. Therefore, the pore volume must be considered. This is proven by thermographic investigations of electrically stressed hairpin connections. To optimize the welding process, effects of the previous manufacturing steps and the welding parameters themselves must be taken into account. This paper analyses systematically the impact of all translational and rotational deviations on the corresponding welding quality. The tests are performed by using a disk laser. A laser spot with a focus diameter of 170 μm is compared to a statically shaped beam, capable of distributing power in core and ring beam. As an additional parameter, the influence of oxygen content in the copper wire is investigated by using electrolytic tough pitch copper (Cu-ETP) and oxygen-free copper (Cu-OF). Furthermore, the interaction between an additional cutting step before contacting and the welding path is considered. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used to analyse the welding quality. The main finding of the studies is the significant influence of the gap and height offset between the wire ends on the resulting cross-sectional area. In addition, a low oxygen content of the copper and the use of static beam shaping reduce weld spatters, porosity and increase process stability. Three geometries in the welding path perform better in gap bridging and cause less spatters.
Fire and smoke precise detection method based on the attention mechanism and anchor-free mechanism
Authors: Sun Yu , Feng Jian
Published: March 2023

Substantial natural environmental damage and economic losses are caused by fire. For this problem, automatic fire-smoke detection and identification are needed. Fire-smoke detection methods based on vision still suffer from significant challenges that fail to balance model complexity and accuracy. We propose an improved YOLOv3 fire-smoke detection and identification method to address these problems and include a fire and smoke dataset. The neck module (1) adds an attention mechanism to enhance the ability to extract features from pictures, and (2) uses an anchor-free mechanism in the anchor box mechanism to solve the problem of significant variances in smoke texture, shape, and color in real applications, and (3) uses a lightweight backbone to reduce the model complexity. The proposed dataset is based on VOC, which contains images of complex scenes and high diversity. The dataset includes pictures that (1) combine fire with smoke, (2) only have smoke or fire objects, and (3) contain a single cloud object. The experimental results demonstrate that the method achieves 50.8 AP, which outperforms the suboptimal method by 3.8. Moreover, the inference speed of our method is 13% faster on the GPU than the suboptimal method.
Single-Phase Ternary Compounds with a Disordered Lattice and Liquid Metal Phase for High-Performance Li-Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Li Yanhong , Zhang Lei , Yen Hung-Yu , Zhou Yucun , Jang Gun , Yuan Songliu , Wang Jeng-Han , Xiong Peixun , Liu Meilin , Park Ho Seok , Li Wenwu
Published: March 2023

Si is considered as the promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high capacities of 4200 mAh g−1 and natural abundancy. However, severe electrode pulverization and poor electronic and Li-ionic conductivities hinder their practical applications. To resolve the afore-mentioned problems, we first demonstrate a cation-mixed disordered lattice and unique Li storage mechanism of single-phase ternary GaSiP2 compound, where the liquid metallic Ga and highly reactive P are incorporated into Si through a ball milling method. As confirmed by experimental and theoretical analyses, the introduced Ga and P enables to achieve the stronger resistance against volume variation and metallic conductivity, respectively, while the cation-mixed lattice provides the faster Li-ionic diffusion capability than those of the parent GaP and Si phases. The resulting GaSiP2 electrodes delivered the high specific capacity of 1615 mAh g−1 and high initial Coulombic efficiency of 91%, while the graphite-modified GaSiP2 (GaSiP2@C) achieved 83% of capacity retention after 900 cycles and high-rate capacity of 800 at 10,000 mA g−1. Furthermore, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//GaSiP2@C full cells achieved the high specific capacity of 1049 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, paving a way for the rational design of high-performance LIB anode materials.
Statin Use is Associated with Reduced Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Retrospective Propensity-Matched Analysis of MIMIC-III Database
Authors: Chen Daonan , Zhang Huifang , Wang Liu , Lin Qiuhai , Du Jiang
Published: March 2023

Background

We sought to determine whether statin treatment has a protective effect on the outcome of critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation.

Methods

Patients who underwent mechanical ventilation were selected from the MIMIC-III database. Patients with statin usage were allocated into the statin cohort. Patients without any statin use were matched to the statin cohort in a 1:1 ratio by propensity score. To ensure the robustness of the findings, we utilized the gradient boosted model, propensity score analysis, doubly robust estimation and an inverse probability‐weighting model in the statistical procedure.

Results

Before matching, 17,452 patients were enrolled in the non-statin group and 3,999 in the statin group. After matching, 3,363 patients were enrolled in each group. Compared with nonusers, the use of statins was associated with improved 28-day survival in the unmatched cohort (HR 0.85 95% CI 0.80–0.90, p < 0.01) and matched cohort (HR 0.79 95% CI 0.73–0.85, p < 0.01). Statin use was associated with longer ventilator-free days (VFD, 14.93 ± 13.11 vs 12.06 ± 13.26, p < 0.01) and longer ICU-free days (IFD, 13.41 ± 12.14 vs 10.86 ± 12.19, p < 0.01) in the matched cohort. Different types of statins were all associated with significantly improved 28-day survival.

Conclusions

In a population of mechanically ventilated patients, the use of statins may be associated with improved survival, longer VFDs and longer IFDs.
Representing Non-Western Music in Nineteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Zon Bennett
Published: March 2023

Explores the influence of anthropological theories, travel literature, psychology, and other intellectual trends on the perception of non-Western music and elucidates the roots of today's field of ethnomusicology.
Guernsey, 1814-1914
Authors: Crossan Rose-Marie
Published: March 2023

First scholarly study devoted to Guernsey in the nineteenth century, as it changed from a francophone to an anglophone society.
The House of Life by Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A Sonnet-Sequence
Authors: Rossetti Dante Gabriel
Published: March 2023

New and definitive edition of Rossetti's masterpiece, with full notes and apparatus.
John Stainer
Authors: Dibble Jeremy
Published: March 2023

This comprehensive re-evaluation of John Stainer's life and work demonstrates that there was a great deal more to admire beyond The Crucifixion.
Royalism, Print and Censorship in Revolutionary England
Authors: McElligott Jason
Published: March 2023

A study of the content and methods of royalist propaganda via newsbooks in the crucial period following the end of the first civil war.
We're very grateful: moral emotions, role models, and trust predict vaccine uptake intent in India
Authors: Tagat Anirudh , Kapoor Hansika
Published: March 2023

This study investigated determinants of the willingness to get vaccinated in India and examined the relationship between engagement in preventive behaviours and vaccine uptake intent. A large-scale online survey covering aspects of COVID-19 preventive behaviours, vaccination status, moral emotions, trust in others, role models, and socio-demographics was used. A total of 953 Indians participated in the survey between May and June 2021, of which 770 contained valid data on vaccination status. Past preventive health behaviours (PHBs) such as avoiding social gatherings, higher interpersonal trust, and moral emotions were robustly associated with the willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine. Results also showed that unvaccinated individuals were less likely to follow other PHBs, like wearing a mask; past COVID-19 infection status was associated with similar lower adherence to PHBs. Given the strong associations between positive moral emotions, like gratitude, and vaccine uptake intent (especially in the unvaccinated subsample), targeted communication interventions can boost uptake intent, and subsequently vaccine uptake, in jurisdictions with low vaccination rates.
Microlayer dynamics of hydrodynamically interacting vapour bubbles in flow boiling
Authors: Vadlamudi Sai Raja Gopal , Moiz Mohd , Srivastava Atul
Published: March 2023

Nucleate boiling, a ubiquitous heat transfer mode, involves multiple vapour bubble nucleations on the heater surface and offers high heat transfer coefficients. The bubble growth process on a heating substrate involves the formation of microlayer, a thin liquid film trapped between the growing bubble and the heating substrate, and contributes to the bubble growth phenomenon through evaporation. Microlayer dynamics for a single bubble have been widely investigated in the pool and flow boiling conditions. However, the literature on multiple bubbles interactions and their associated microlayer information is scarce. Notably, in the case of flow boiling, where the microlayer dynamics are not symmetric due to the bubble's movement, the bubbles’ interaction and its influence on associated microlayer dynamics have never been reported. Therefore, microlayer and bubble dynamics in multiple interactions have been investigated experimentally using simultaneous application of thin-film interferometry and high-speed videography techniques in flow boiling with water as the working fluid. Our experimental investigation revealed that the secondary nucleation could cause a reduction in lift-off time and may assist or hinder the movement of the first bubble. The experimental results also demonstrated that the secondary nucleation could deplete the microlayer of the first bubble hydrodynamically even when the bubbles are far apart. Furthermore, it has been found that the microlayer depletion rate depends on the growth rate and the location of the secondary nucleation. Hence, this experimental study emphasises the need to consider the interaction of bubbles while modelling boiling flows to avoid overestimating the contribution of microlayer evaporation.
Comparative bionomics and life table studies ofLipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae(Davis) andMyzus persicae(Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on three cabbage varieties
Authors: Forchibe E. E. , Fening K. O. , Vershiyi D. T. , Cobblah A. M. , Afreh-Nuamah K.
Published: March 2023

Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae(Davis) andMyzus persicae(Sulzer) are important pests of brassica crops, causing significant yield losses on cabbage in Ghana. To inform the development of ecologically sound and sustainable pest management strategies for these pests, their biological and population growth parameters were studied on three cabbage varieties (Oxylus, Fortune, and Leadercross). The study was conducted in a screen house under ambient conditions at 30 ± 1°C and 75 ± 5% RH and 12:12 h photoperiod from September to November 2020. The parameters of the preadult developmental period, survival rates, longevity, reproduction, and life table were evaluated following the female age-specific life table. There were significant differences in the nymphal developmental time, longevity, and fecundity on the cabbage varieties for both aphid species. The highest population growth parameters, net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increaser, and finite rate of increase (λ) were recorded on Oxylus variety for bothL. e. pseudobrassicaeandM. persicae. The lowest was recorded on Leadercross variety forL.e pseudobrassicaeand Fortune forM. persicae. The results from this study suggest that Leadercross is a less suitable host forL. e. pseudobrassicaeand Fortune forM. persicae, thus, should be considered as less susceptible varieties for use in primary pest management by small-scale farmers or as a component of an integrated pest management strategy for these pests on cabbage.
Mass occurrence of echinoids in an Oligocene hydrocarbon-seep limestone from the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State, USA
Authors: Müller Sandro P , Kroh Andreas , Birgel Daniel , Goedert James L , Kiel Steffen , Peckmann Jörn
Published: March 2023

Loose limestone blocks of a newly recognized hydrocarbon-seep deposit from the lower Oligocene Jansen Creek Member of the Makah Formation were collected on a beach terrace close to the mouth of Bullman Creek in Washington State, USA. The limestone consists largely of authigenic carbonate phases, including 13C-depleted fibrous cement forming banded and botryoidal crystal aggregates with δ13C values as low as –23.5 ‰. Lipids extracted from the limestone yielded molecular fossils of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME), dominated by compounds of an ANME-2/DSS consortium with δ13C values as low as −106 ‰, indicating formation at an ancient methane seep. The fossil inventory of the seep deposit is remarkable, consisting almost solely of echinoid remains, whereas typical seep biota are absent. Varying preservation of the echinoid fossils indicates parautochthonous deposition, corroborated by evidence for high fluid flow at the ancient seep, possibly responsible for displacement of echinoids after death. Although a full taxonomic description of the echinoids cannot be given, almost all fossils were assigned to one taxon of irregular spatangoids, except for a single regular echinoid. Abundance and lifestyle of the irregular spatangoids in the Bullman Creek echinoid seep deposit resemble those of the fossil Tithonia oxfordiana from an upper Jurassic seep deposit in France and extant Sarsiaster griegii from modern seeps in the Gulf of Mexico. The Bullman Creek echinoid deposit probably represents a fossil analogue of the Gulf of Mexico Sarsiaster mass occurrence, indicating that the adaptation of spatangoid echinoids to chemosynthesis-based ecosystems ranges back at least to the earliest Oligocene.
Business Cycles, Regime Shifts, and Return Predictability
Authors: Yang Wei
Published: March 2023

Consistent with the empirical properties of the consumption data, I develop a model in which consumption and dividend growth follow regime-switching dynamics. I show that regime-shift risk is priced in the model. Regime-shift risk exhibits dominant influence on asset prices: It generates a high equity premium and also induces time-varying risk premiums. The model explains major business cycle-dependent asset market phenomena and, in particular, the stronger predictability of stock returns during recessions.
Holding Horizon: A New Measure of Active Investment Management
Authors: Lan Chunhua , Moneta Fabio , Wermers Russ
Published: March 2023

This article introduces a new holding horizon measure of active management and examines its relation to future risk-adjusted fund performance (alpha). Our measure reveals a wide cross-sectional dispersion in mutual fund investment horizons, and shows that long-horizon funds exhibit positive future long-term alphas by holding stocks with superior long-term fundamentals. Further, stocks largely held by long-horizon funds outperform stocks largely held by short-horizon funds by more than $ 3\% $ annually, adjusted for risk, over the following 5-year period. We also find a clientele effect: to reduce liquidity costs, long-horizon funds attract more long-term investors through share classes that carry load fees.
Financial Literacy and IPO Underpricing
Authors: Jia Xiaoran , Kanagaretnam Kiridaran , Lim Chee Yeow , Lobo Gerald J.
Published: March 2023

Using an international sample of IPO firms and two country-level measures of financial literacy, we find strong evidence that financial literacy is negatively associated with IPO underpricing. In cross-sectional analyses, we find that the effect of financial literacy in reducing IPO underpricing is more pronounced when the information environment is less transparent. Employing path analysis, we document that information friction, firm transparency, and stock market participation are mechanisms that mediate this relationship. Our study contributes to and extends the literature by providing strong evidence that citizens’ financial literacy has an important and consistent influence on IPO underpricing.
Co-t-structures, cotilting and cotorsion pairs
Authors: PAUKSZTELLO DAVID , ZVONAREVA ALEXANDRA
Published: March 2023

Let
$\textsf{T}$
be a triangulated category with shift functor
$\Sigma \colon \textsf{T} \to \textsf{T}$
. Suppose
$(\textsf{A},\textsf{B})$
is a co-t-structure with coheart
$\textsf{S} = \Sigma \textsf{A} \cap \textsf{B}$
and extended coheart
$\textsf{C} = \Sigma^2 \textsf{A} \cap \textsf{B} = \textsf{S}* \Sigma \textsf{S}$
, which is an extriangulated category. We show that there is a bijection between co-t-structures
$(\textsf{A}^{\prime},\textsf{B}^{\prime})$
in
$\textsf{T}$
such that
$\textsf{A} \subseteq \textsf{A}^{\prime} \subseteq \Sigma \textsf{A}$
and complete cotorsion pairs in the extended coheart
$\textsf{C}$
. In the case that
$\textsf{T}$
is Hom-finite,
$\textbf{k}$
-linear and Krull–Schmidt, we show further that there is a bijection between complete cotorsion pairs in
$\textsf{C}$
and functorially finite torsion classes in
$\textsf{mod}\, \textsf{S}$
.
Is Graduate School Worth It? Harassment and Graduate-Student Satisfaction in Political Science
Authors: El Kurd Dana , Hummel Calla
Published: March 2023

This article investigates the dynamics of discrimination in political science PhD programs with a survey of current political science graduate students in the top 50 departments. The study focuses on mentorship, funding, sexual harassment, racism, homophobia, and labor exploitation: 20% of respondents reported labor exploitation, 19% experienced racial discrimination, 9% reported sexual harassment, and 6% experienced homophobia. Discrimination is uneven across individuals; some groups of graduate students experience widespread discrimination, especially racial discrimination, whereas other groups are largely unaware of these issues. We conducted a survey experiment to gauge the impact of misconduct on formal reporting mechanisms and find that hearing about racial discrimination has a chilling effect on reporting. We find that experiencing discrimination harms how satisfied students are in their program. We find that factors linked to student vulnerability, such as international status and funding, are significantly associated with harassment and that reporting discrimination predicts more discrimination.
GOOD, ECONOMIC WELFARE, AND THE NATIONAL DIVIDEND—PIGOU’S WELFARE TRIAD
Authors: Aldrich John
Published: March 2023

Arthur Pigou’s welfare treatises are exercises in practical ethics. The exercises were founded on the ethical concepts of good and economic welfare with the economist’s national dividend providing the practical instrument for solving economic problems. This paper follows this triad from its origins in Pigou’s earliest writings on ethics and economic policy, into the welfare treatises, and onto his last writings—a period of around fifty years.
Homo Sapiens
Authors: Bilodeau Chantal
Published: March 2023

Inspired by Elizabeth Kolbert’s The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, the short play Homo Sapiens humorously explores whether Homo sapiens caused their own demise or managed to evolve into a new, more enlightened species.
COMPACTNESS AND STRUCTURE OF ZERO-STATES FOR UNORIENTED AVILES–GIGA FUNCTIONALS
Authors: Goldman M. , Merlet B. , Pegon M. , Serfaty S.
Published: March 2023

Motivated by some models of pattern formation involving an unoriented director field in the plane, we study a family of unoriented counterparts to the Aviles–Giga functional. We introduce a nonlinear
$\operatorname {\mathrm {curl}}$
operator for such unoriented vector fields as well as a family of even entropies which we call ‘trigonometric entropies’. Using these tools, we show two main theorems which parallel some results in the literature on the classical Aviles–Giga energy. The first is a compactness result for sequences of configurations with uniformly bounded energies. The second is a complete characterization of zero-states, that is, the limit configurations when the energies go to 0. These are Lipschitz continuous away from a locally finite set of points, near which they form either a vortex pattern or a disclination with degree 1/2. The proof is based on a combination of regularity theory together with techniques coming from the study of the Ginzburg–Landau energy. Our methods provide alternative proofs in the classical Aviles–Giga context.
Papeles Seductivos: Friars, Intermediaries, and Organizers in the Huánuco Rebellion of 1812
Authors: Cozzens Taylor
Published: March 2023

In February and March of 1812, Indigenous, mestizo, and creole rebels led an uprising in and around the colonial city of Huánuco in the viceroyalty of Peru. The diversity of the insurgent army reflected, to an extent, the vision of bilingual friars who, in the months preceding the uprising, had written, translated, and distributed pasquinades that called on residents to unite and drive out the Spanish. Although the insurgent army had two initial victories, Spanish authorities quickly put down the movement and began an investigation into the motives and leaders of the rebellion. Their interrogations led them to the subversive friars and the “papeles seductivos” (seductive papers) that these men of the cloth had been circulating. Using a collection of digitized documents from the uprising, which includes several examples of these seditious verses, this paper examines the significance of the Huánuco Rebellion in Peruvian and Latin American history. The rebellion demonstrates the potential of friars in their role as mediators of information to destabilize colonial relations. Additionally, the diverse army of insurgents complicates, at least to a degree, historians’ frequent characterization of Peru in the independence era as a bastion of royalism beset by ethnic tension.
Magnetic Properties of Australasian Tektites From South China
Authors: Pan Qing , Xiao Zhiyong , Wu Yunhua , Shi Taiheng , Yin Zongjun , Yan Pan , Li Ye
Published: March 2023

South China, the northern part of the Australasian strewn field (AASF) of tektites and microtektites is located at the uprange of the hypothesized source crater that is still unconfirmed. Magnetic properties of impact glasses are an important indicator of their source materials and thermal history. Extensive magnetic investigations have been performed on various AASF tektites sampled from both the Indochina Peninsula and further south, but such information remains sparse for those sampled from South China. Here, we present a detailed rock magnetism study for both Muong Nong‐type and splash‐form AASF tektites from South China, showing that all the tektites have rather weak remanent magnetization, but ferromagnetic information can be extracted from their dominating paramagnetic signal. Signals caused by superparamagnetic particles are elusive, but those of single domain magnetite are detected in the splash‐form tektites, and signals of pseudo‐single domain magnetite are discovered in the Muong Nong‐type tektites. Each morphological type of tektites from a same geographic area exhibits large dispersions in their magnetic properties. Across the entire AASF, the Muong Nong‐type tektites from South China exhibit the lowest average magnetic susceptibility, and the splash‐form tektites exhibit the smallest average natural remanent magnetization and ratio of equivalent magnetization. The observed heterogeneous magnetic properties are mainly caused by the different contents and sizes of magnetic particles, which can be explained by the different shock level and/or cooling history of the tektite melts. Micro‐sized immiscible Fe‐S spherules in the Muong Nong‐type tektites from South China were likely originated from the pre‐impact target.
Drosophila FGFR/Htl signaling shapes embryonic glia to phagocytose apoptotic neurons
Authors: Ayoub Malak , David Li-mor , Shklyar Boris , Hakim-Mishnaevski Ketty , Kurant Estee
Published: March 2023

Glial phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons is crucial for development and proper function of the central nervous system. Relying on transmembrane receptors located on their protrusions, phagocytic glia recognize and engulf apoptotic debris. Like vertebrate microglia, Drosophila phagocytic glial cells form an elaborate network in the developing brain to reach and remove apoptotic neurons. However, the mechanisms controlling creation of the branched morphology of these glial cells critical for their phagocytic ability remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that during early embryogenesis, the Drosophila fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) Heartless (Htl) and its ligand Pyramus are essential in glial cells for the formation of glial extensions, the presence of which strongly affects glial phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons during later stages of embryonic development. Reduction in Htl pathway activity results in shorter lengths and lower complexity of glial branches, thereby disrupting the glial network. Our work thus illuminates the important role Htl signaling plays in glial subcellular morphogenesis and in establishing glial phagocytic ability.
The Skp1-Cullin1-FBXO1 complex is a pleiotropic regulator required for the formation of gametes and motile forms in Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Rashpa Ravish , Klages Natacha , Schvartz Domitille , Pasquarello Carla , Brochet Mathieu
Published: March 2023

Malaria-causing parasites of the Plasmodium genus undergo multiple developmental phases in the human and the mosquito hosts, regulated by various post-translational modifications. While ubiquitination by multi-component E3 ligases is key to regulate a wide range of cellular processes in eukaryotes, little is known about its role in Plasmodium. Here we show that Plasmodium berghei expresses a conserved SKP1/Cullin1/FBXO1 (SCFFBXO1) complex showing tightly regulated expression and localisation across multiple developmental stages. It is key to cell division for nuclear segregation during schizogony and centrosome partitioning during microgametogenesis. It is additionally required for parasite-specific processes including gamete egress from the host erythrocyte, as well as integrity of the apical and the inner membrane complexes (IMC) in merozoite and ookinete, two structures essential for the dissemination of these motile stages. Ubiquitinomic surveys reveal a large set of proteins ubiquitinated in a FBXO1-dependent manner including proteins important for egress and IMC organisation. We additionally demonstrate an interplay between FBXO1-dependent ubiquitination and phosphorylation via calcium-dependent protein kinase 1. Altogether we show that Plasmodium SCFFBXO1 plays conserved roles in cell division and is also important for parasite-specific processes in the mammalian and mosquito hosts.
Lantern-shaped flexible RNA origami for Smad4 mRNA delivery and growth suppression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Hu Muren , Feng Chang , Yuan Qianqin , Liu Chenbin , Ge Bujun , Sun Fenyong , Zhu Xiaoli
Published: March 2023

mRNA delivery has shown high application value in the treatment of various diseases, but its effective delivery is still a major challenge at present. Herein, we propose a lantern-shaped flexible RNA origami for mRNA delivery. The origami is composed of a target mRNA scaffold and only two customized RGD-modified circular RNA staples, which can compress the mRNA into nanoscale and facilitate its endocytosis by cells. In parallel, the flexible structure of the lantern-shaped origami allows large regions of the mRNA to be exposed and translated, exhibiting a good balance between endocytosis and translation efficiency. The application of lantern-shaped flexible RNA origami in the context of the tumor suppressor gene, Smad4 in colorectal cancer models demonstrates promising potential for accurate manipulation of protein levels in in vitro and in vivo settings. This flexible origami strategy provides a competitive delivery method for mRNA-based therapies.
Remnant of the late Permian superplume that generated the Siberian Traps inferred from geomagnetic data
Authors: Li Shiwen , Li Yabin , Zhang Yanhui , Zhou Zikun , Guo Junhao , Weng Aihua
Published: March 2023

Mantle plumes have played a key role in tectonic events such as continental break-up and large magmatic events since at least the formation of Gondwana. However, as their signatures on Earth’s surface, many of large igneous provinces have disappeared into the mantle during Earth’s long-term evolution, meaning that plume remnants in the mantle are crucial in advancing mantle plume theory and accurately reconstructing Earth history. Here we present an electrical conductivity model for North Asia constructed from geomagnetic data. The model shows a large high-electrical-conductivity anomaly in the mantle transition zone beneath the Siberian Traps at the time of their eruption that we interpret to be a thermal anomaly with trace amounts of melt. This anomaly lies almost directly over an isolated low-seismic-wave-velocity anomaly known as the Perm anomaly. The spatial correlation of our anomaly with the Siberian Traps suggests that it represents a remnant of a superplume that was generated from the Perm anomaly. This plume was responsible for the late Permian Siberian large igneous province. The model strengthens the validity of the mantle plume hypothesis.
FAIRification of health-related data using semantic web technologies in the Swiss Personalized Health Network
Authors: Touré Vasundra , Krauss Philip , Gnodtke Kristin , Buchhorn Jascha , Unni Deepak , Horki Petar , Raisaro Jean Louis , Kalt Katie , Teixeira Daniel , Crameri Katrin , Österle Sabine
Published: March 2023

The Swiss Personalized Health Network (SPHN) is a government-funded initiative developing federated infrastructures for a responsible and efficient secondary use of health data for research purposes in compliance with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable). We built a common standard infrastructure with a fit-for-purpose strategy to bring together health-related data and ease the work of both data providers to supply data in a standard manner and researchers by enhancing the quality of the collected data. As a result, the SPHN Resource Description Framework (RDF) schema was implemented together with a data ecosystem that encompasses data integration, validation tools, analysis helpers, training and documentation for representing health metadata and data in a consistent manner and reaching nationwide data interoperability goals. Data providers can now efficiently deliver several types of health data in a standardised and interoperable way while a high degree of flexibility is granted for the various demands of individual research projects. Researchers in Switzerland have access to FAIR health data for further use in RDF triplestores.